bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive, emotional and psychosomatic complaints and their relation to emotional status and personality following cardiac surgery
Authors: Vingerhoets Guy 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. The study investigated the prevalence of cognitive, emotional, and psychosomatic complaints after uncomplicated cardiac surgery. In addition, we evaluated the relation between non‐cardiac complaints and emotional status and personality.Design & Methods. Five to 12 months after elective bypass grafting 123 patients completed the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory, and a subjective complaints questionnaire. A correlational design was employed to explore the relationships of these variables.Results. Factor analyses of the complaints questionnaire revealed four cognitive and four emotional/psychosomatic dimensions. Seventy‐three per cent of the patients reported cognitive complaints, particularly problems with sustained and divided attention. Seventy‐eight per cent reported emotional or psychosomatic complaints, especially increased anxiety and emotional instability. Post‐operative complaints were significantly correlated with anxiety and depression, and with neuroticism. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that the occurrence of most subjective complaints was best predicted by self‐reported depression and anxiety. Self‐reported depression, anxiety and neuroticism contributed differently to different dimensions of subjective complaints.Conclusions. Subjective post‐operative cognitive and emotional difficulties are very common after uncomplicated cardiac surgery. Self‐reported anxiety and depression are significantly associated with the occurrence of persistent subjective complaints. Although neuroticism also significantly contributes to the perceived post‐operative changes, most subjective complaints are best predicted by self‐reported depression and anxiety.
Effects of pre‐operative relaxation on post‐operative analgesia: Immediate increase and delayed reduction
Authors: Manyande Anne , Salmon Peter 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. Pre‐operative relaxation has been reported to reduce pain complaints and analgesic requirement during convalescence on the surgical ward. These are questionable indices of recovery because the nurse‐patient relationship constrains patients' readiness to complain of pain. Analgesic requirement immediately postoperatively, before the patient returns to the ward, is more likely to reflect patients' pain state.Design. A randomized comparison of effects of relaxation instructions on analgesic use immediately post‐operatively and subsequently, using background information about the hospital as a control procedure.Methods. Patients (N=118) were randomly allocated to receive audiotaped relaxation instructions or a control tape before abdominal surgery. Analgesic usage was monitored during surgery, immediately after surgery (in the recovery room) and following return to the surgical ward. In addition, self‐report measures were used during recovery on the surgical ward.Results. Relaxation reduced pain complaints and analgesic usage on the surgical ward by comparison with the information group, but led to increased analgesic administration by theatre staff immediately post‐operatively.Conclusion. We suggest that effects on the surgical ward may have resulted from reduced willingness to complain of pain in the relaxed group and that, immediately post‐operatively, an increase in pain in this group may have resulted from an effect of relaxation to impair pre‐operative mental preparation. The results show the inherent ambiguity of analgesic use as an indicator of recovery.
Psychosocial determinants of ecstasy use in young people in the UK
Authors: Conner Mark , Sherlock Kellie , Orbell Sheina 
Published: June 2011

Objectives. The present research aimed to examine the psychosocial determinants of ecstasy use in young people in the UK.Design. Two studies applied the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to understanding ecstasy use. In Study 1, students completed questionnaires measuring components of the TPB. In Study 2, a random sample of members of a nightclub completed measures of attitudinal ambivalence and components of the TPB in relation to taking ecstasy in the next two months. Reported use of ecstasy was assessed two months later.Methods. Both studies employed self‐completion questionnaires. In Study 1 a single questionnaire was completed by 186 students. In Study 2 a first questionnaire was completed by 203 members of a nightclub and a second questionnaire two months later by 123 respondents.Results. In Study 1, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control accounted for 50 per cent of the variance in intentions. In Study 2, TPB components explained 63 per cent of the variance in intentions. Intentions and perceived control explained 55 per cent of the variance in subsequent ecstasy use. Attitudinal ambivalence moderated the intention‐behaviour relationship such that the impact of intentions on subsequent behaviour was significantly stronger for individuals with lower levels of ambivalence.Conclusions. The TPB provided a good basis for understanding intentions and actual use of ecstasy in young people in the UK. The different beliefs of users and non‐users may form a useful basis for health education.
Field Emission Ion Source Using a Carbon Nanotube Array for Micro Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Han Kyusung , Lee Yuri , Jun Dohan , Lee Soonil , Jung Kwang Woo , Yang Sang Sik 
Published: June 2011

In this paper, we present the fabrication and test of a carbon-nanotube (CNT)-based field emission ion source for a micro time-of-flight mass spectrometer (µ-TOF MS). The µ-TOF MS is composed of two parts, i.e., a field emission ion source and a mass analyzer. Molecules are ionized by the impact of electrons emitted from CNTs. We calculated the ion beam path using a commercial electrodynamics simulation tool (Simion ver. 7). The results of the ion beam path simulation show that the ions generated in the effective ionization region can pass only between the first acceleration electrode pair. We fabricated a CNT-based field emission ion source for the µ-TOF MS. The electron current of the field emitter and the ion current of the ion source were measured. Through the characteristic test of a field emission ion source, we confirmed that the fabricated ion source is feasible for the µ-TOF MS.
The Greening of the Gospel (and Black Body): Rev. Ike’s Gospel of Wealth and Post-Blackness Theology
Authors: Walton Jonathan L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to explore Rev. Ike’s particular form of positive confession theology and self-representation in relationship to his own professed post-black identity. By fusing the conversionist elements of his Pentecostal roots with the Spiritualist teachings of metaphysics and New Thought philosophy, Rev. Ike offered African Americans a theological vision of attaining material wealth while effacing what he and many of his followers regarded as the multiple negative cultural markers that blackness signified. This was not simply a theology that was preached from the pulpit; it was packaged and presented within media frames. Therefore, this essay will equally unveil and demystify the multiple aesthetic representations and conspicuous displays deployed by Eikerenkoetter, which reflect well-worn strategies on the part of the oppressed that connect understandings of citizenship and freedom with hyperconsumption.
Constructing Gender: Old Wine in New Media(skins)
Authors: Moore Darnell L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to assess how the preached word — at least the ways in which certain Christian teachings, doctrines, theologies, and moral ideologies are often framed for us through the preaching moment — has much to do with the ways in which gender roles are imagined, constructed, and lived out and even the ways in which gender-based violence and violation can be reinforced. By engaging the teachings of several prominent Pentecostal preachers as posted on YouTube, and the multiple/competing responses of the comments sections therein, I seek to demonstrated how new media tools can serve as catalysts for the production and/or reproduction of problematic understandings of gender roles, and how these mediums reinforce sexual ethics that ultimately result in human violation.
Media, Pentecost and Prosperity: The Racial Meaning behind the Aesthetic Message
Authors: Butler Anthea 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe deft use of media by Afro-Pentecostal evangelists and performers has popularized historic changes in Pentecostal belief, theology, and practice. These changes are magnified when investigated through the lens of race, gender, and aesthetics. Focusing on how Afro-Pentecostals deploy and use the media is important in discerning how beliefs are changed and/or reinforced by Afro-Pentecostals.
Divine, Human and Poetic Time in Pindar, Pythian 9
Authors: Grethlein Jonas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper argues that Pythian 9, hailed for its romantic charm, also throws into relief an aspect that is widely assumed to be absent from it, specifically the gap between men and gods. That is, differences between the praise for Telesicrates and the Apollo and Alexidamus myths indicate that the swiftness even of a Pythian victor does not compare with the immediacy with which gods realize their desires. Furthermore, a narratological reading, elucidating the ‘content of the form’, suggests that the ode’s temporal organization, particularly the aspects of order and duration, underscores the discrepancy between divine and human times.
Intimacy and Alterity: Prophetic Selves and Spirit Others in Central Mozambique
Authors: Luedke Tracy 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the context of Mozambican prophet healing, spirit-host relationships unfold between intimacy and alterity. The interweaving of spirits’ and hosts’ biographies in possession is enacted bodily in the form of pains, postures, and punishments, and often pits their wills and well-beings against one another. Spirit possession is an intimate exchange, a bodily and social confluence that invokes the most familiar of interpersonal relationships (spouses, parents and their children). On the other hand, the natures, motives, and agendas of the spirits often remain opaque. As prophets struggle to make sense and make use of the spirits who possess them, the power of the spirits reveals itself in their unknowability and contrariness, the elusiveness and partiality of their profiles. These intimate others both threaten and succor their hosts, to whom they are both kin and strangers, and it is through this dialectic that their special vantage on human suffering comes into view.
The Charismatic Dividual and the Sacred Self*
Authors: Werbner Richard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe notion of ‘a break with the past’ foregrounds the individual as the new person reborn in Christian churches. Against that, across southern Africa Apostolic churches still face moral and metaphysical predicaments of the person being individual and, alternatively, dividual. The dividual is here taken to be someone who is composite or partible and permeated by others’ emotions and shared substances, including body dirt or sexual and other fluids. These personal predicaments are often experienced as dangerously unsettling—in need of careful spiritual regard, guidance and inspired remedy lest the person suffer ill-being, perhaps even occult harm. Dividuality opens the vulnerable person both to witchcraft attack (enemies may use organic bits for occult purposes, with malicious intent) and to pollution in contact with birth and death. In response, Apostolic church services constitute reformation. They reject indigenous tradition in forms of occult practice with charms and organic medicines—it is a sinful tradition, against God’s commandments and not Christian—but they do not deny the existence of witchcraft; nor do they start wholly afresh, even with the baptised. Apostolics find themselves earthly beings needing help and protection from God in heaven. As faithful Christians and hopeful of temporary relief, they confront the predicaments of alternative personhood within an ongoing war of good and evil. To get closer to God, if only vicariously, Apostolics turn to charismatic prophets as mediators through whom the Word of God can be heard, effectively and powerfully, and whose very bodies speak revealingly, in the gestures and postures of trance, to the needy condition of the faithful. Following a comparison with Catholic Charismatics in New England, this article addresses linguistic and phenomenological questions of Word, self and other with evidence from observed prophetic mediation by young men in séances of Eloyi, a transnational Apostolic church, and its offshoot church, Connolius, at Botswana’s capital. Included are issues of awesome narration, vicarious suffering, empathy with others, sacred cosmetics, and visionary realization.
The Location of Azaris on the Patrilineal Genetic Landscape of the Middle East (A Preliminary Report)
Authors: Andonian Laris , Rashidvash Vahid , Yepiskoposian Levon , Margarian Shot 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe origin of the Turkic-speaking population of the north-western provinces of Iran, the so-called Azaris, is the subject of long-year debate. Here, we present preliminary results on testing of several hypotheses concerning their origin: 1) the Azaris are the descendants of the Turkic ethnic groups migrated from Central Asia; 2) they have an autochthonous origins; 3) they are of Iranian origin; and 4) they have mixed ethnic origin with unknown proportions of source populations' contribution. The results show that Azaris have much weaker genetic affinity with the populations from Central Asia and the Caucasus than with their immediate geographic neighbours. Relying on these outcomes one can suggest that language replacement (change) with regard to Azaris occurred through "elite dominance" mechanism rather than "demic diffusion" model.
Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma
Authors: Cheung Johnny 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study presents a new, systematic treatment of the Pashto continuations of the Old Iranian vocalism. The analysis is accompanied by an assessment of the etymology of the Pashto forms mentioned in George Morgenstierne's Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (EVP) and its postumously revised New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (NEVP). This contribution has also implications for our understanding of the historical morphology, notably the case system, of Pashto.
How to Feud and Rebel: 2. Histories, Cultures and Grievances of the Chechens and Albanians
Authors: ten Dam Caspar 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article analyses the historical roots and cultural characteristics of the Chechens and Albanians, and how they relate, in their recurrent conflicts with the Russians and Serbs, to long-term grievances, the second variable of my Brutalisation theory. In this article I also explain why the theory departs from the grievance rather than greed premise. Indeed, most of the Chechen and Albanian grievances appear to be based on real and correctly perceived, i.e. absolute deprivations. More fundamentally, given my post -constructivist proposition on the "acting-out" of norms, values and beliefs irrespective of factual or invented origins, I seek to show that martialism, (Sufiinspired) resistance, and (male) egalitarianism have helped to shape and sustain historic grievances, Islamisation (particularly among Chechens), nationalist aspirations and traditional violence-values in Chechen and Albanian societies. Finally, I describe how pre-1979 trauma's and devastations destroyed most records, buildings and symbols of their cultures and histories, as a cautionary note to my efforts to trace both the factual and mythologised foundations of their identities.
The Diplomacy of the Financial Crisis in Context
Authors: Bayne Nicholas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUntil the 1980s, financial crises were caused by governments. But thereafter the private sector became the main culprit. The reforms introduced after the Asian crisis of the late 1990s were not properly implemented. Responsibility for financial stability became fragmented and the normal practices of economic diplomacy were abandoned. The crisis of 2007 thus caught governments unawares and obliged them to adopt extreme measures to avoid catastrophe. The decision-making that was associated with these measures gave more power to emerging markets through the G20. It ended the fragmentation of authority and achieved reasonable consistency of national, European and international financial reforms. It introduced stringent new rules in place of regulatory capture. But this progress was fragile: G7 members still tried to control the G20; the new reforms depended on national enforcement; and governments still needed too much from the banks to be able to discipline them completely. This crisis might be over, but it has left the seeds of the next one.
‘Great Power Style’ in China’s Economic Diplomacy: Filling the Shoes of a Benign Hegemon?
Authors: Jiang Yang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractChina’s ascendance attracts concern, even though Beijing claims to be a responsible great power and tries to demonstrate its ‘great power style’ in economic diplomacy. This article therefore discusses the following questions: to what extent does the current notion and practice of Chinese ‘great power style’ in economic diplomacy comply with, or differ from, the criteria of benign hegemony; and what are the major constraining factors? Conceptually, China’s ‘great power style’ is rooted in ancient Chinese political philosophy and institution, but it highly resembles the Western notion of benign hegemony. Empirically, China has started to provide more public goods in trade, finance and aid, and it seeks voting powers at international institutions. However, it is still far from being a benign hegemon because of its level of development, domestic political constraints, and tension between political and economic interests.
Any Ties that Bind? Economic Diplomacy on the South Asian Subcontinent
Authors: Murshed Syed Mansoob , Ward Hugh , Dorussen Han 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe ‘liberal peace’ model emphasizes the importance of commercial ties and shared norms for peaceful inter-state relations. In view of that, economic diplomacy promotes cross-border economic activities not only for direct economic gains but also for the indirect benefits of stable political relations. Ever since the creation of India and Pakistan in 1947, political relations between the two states have been tense and have witnessed six military confrontations. The enduring rivalry has undoubtedly limited contacts between the two countries. The political elites have only intermittently supported direct diplomatic engagement, and there are severe restrictions on trade and travel between the countries for ordinary citizens. Furthermore, India is generally seen as a successful democracy in a developing country, while Pakistan has been an autocracy for large parts of its history. India-Pakistan can therefore be considered as a worst-case scenario for the liberal peace model, with continued high levels of hostility likely.This article argues that economic diplomacy continues to matter, because it has increasingly involved India and Pakistan with the world community. It provides evidence suggesting that these indirect links can be seen to have functioned as (partial) substitutes for direct ties. Furthermore, the article analyses the relevance of indirect ties for diplomatic efforts to address three conflict issues: the Kashmir conflict; the Indus water basin; and the nuclear programmes.
EU Economic Diplomacy: The Factors Shaping Common Action
Authors: Woolcock Stephen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe current special issue of The Hague Journal of Diplomacy is concerned with economic diplomacy. This article looks at the role that the European Union plays in economic diplomacy and shows that the EU’s role is essentially to facilitate, rather than to promote national companies as EU member state governments do. After discussing the various definitions of economic diplomacy, the article summarizes the areas in which the European Union constrains the scope for certain national policies of the EU member states. The article then discusses the factors that shape EU economic diplomacy and assesses the relative importance of these factors in specific negotiations.
"Men of Feminine Courage": Thomas Hobbes and Life as a Right
Authors: Ribeiro Renato Janine 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this article we examine the true scope of the right Hobbes recognizes, even for the subjects of a State, to life. We hold that the right to live includes the subject's right not to accept to be deprived not only of life but also of limb; a right not to have to kill; a right not to accept to be imprisoned. The sovereign of course has a right to kill, mutilate and arrest but the conflict of his right and the subject's is an original feature of Hobbes's political thought, not to be found for instance in Locke's. Also, since life is motion and desire is a continual progress from one object to another, the mere survival of the subject is not enough to make him content once peace has been achieved. The expression of the subject's discontent is illegal, but it may happen since we can understand the right to live as a right to an ever more ambitious desire. The ruler who wants to avoid discontent and its uncivil effects should in a certain measure pave the way for economic development, in order to permit the subjects to at least partially attain their desire. Obviously this is not a moral duty of the sovereign, but a prudential one, if he does not want to risk losing his office.
Why Don't All Contact Features Act Alike? Contact Features as Enregistered Features
Authors: Babel Anna 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
It has been widely observed that speakers of Andean Spanish use features that are borrowed or calqued from Quechua (de Granda 2001; Pfänder 2009). In this article, I demonstrate that these features are not evenly distributed over contexts of language use; rather, most contact features occur significantly more frequently in conversations than in formal contexts such as meetings. However, some contact features behave differently: they are more likely to occur in meetings than in conversation. Why don't all contact features act alike? I suggest that this result can be explained by the linguistic anthropological theory of enregisterment (Agha 2005, 2007). Agha defines register as 'a linguistic repertoire that is associated, culture-internally, with particular social practices and with persons who engage in such practices' (2004: 24). I demonstrate that while some Quechua contact features in Spanish have been linked to informal contexts associated with Quechua and Quechua speakers through the process of enregisterment, other features bypassed this process, retaining Quechua pragmatic content that links them to a formal register. I argue that the theory of enregisterment provides a useful tool for interpreting the effects of language contact.