bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borders and Bridges: Exploring a New Conceptual Architecture for (U.S.–Mexico) Border Studies
Authors: Alvarez Robert 
Published: March 2012

ResúmenLa esencia de los estudios de frontera y su metodología circula alrededor de la terminología de fronteras, límites, tierras fronterizas y su metáfora. El entendimiento y estudio sobre el comportamiento social‐ya sea de grupos étnicos, individuos, o de estructuras sociales más amplias como el Estado‐nación‐ son muchas veces enmarcados dentro de estos marcos analíticos. El presente artículo analiza críticamente la epistemología actual que trata el tema de la frontera Mexico‐Estado Unidos para plantear nuevas preguntas metodológicas. Propongo que necesitamos una nueva arquitectura que se enriquezca de los estudios y epistemologías del pasado, pero que ayude a romper con la cartografía que hemos creado, para así producir nuevas percepciones de análisis y entendimiento. El enfoque del artículo es de cruces de fronteras, y utilizo la metáfora de Fronteras y Puentes para cuestionar y trastornar la noción de frontera centrada en el Estado – una línea horizontal que atraviesa los Estados‐nación. Este enfoque enfatiza los procesos de conectividad y contrastes, asi como profundidad y alcance tanto del pensamiento como delanálisis empírico de las fronteras.
Properties of resistant cells generated from lung cancer cell lines treated with EGFR inhibitors
Authors: Ghosh Gargi , Lian Xiaojun , Kron Stephen J , Palecek Sean P 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling plays an important role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and therapeutics targeted against EGFR have been effective in treating a subset of patients bearing somatic EFGR mutations. However, the cancer eventually progresses during treatment with EGFR inhibitors, even in the patients who respond to these drugs initially. Recent studies have identified that the acquisition of resistance in approximately 50% of cases is due to generation of a secondary mutation (T790M) in the EGFR kinase domain. In about 20% of the cases, resistance is associated with the amplification of MET kinase. In the remaining 30-40% of the cases, the mechanism underpinning the therapeutic resistance is unknown.

Methods
An erlotinib resistant subline (H1650-ER1) was generated upon continuous exposure of NSCLC cell line NCI-H1650 to erlotinib. Cancer stem cell like traits including expression of stem cell markers, enhanced ability to self-renew and differentiate, and increased tumorigenicity in vitro were assessed in erlotinib resistant H1650-ER1 cells.

Results
The erlotinib resistant subline contained a population of cells with properties similar to cancer stem cells. These cells were found to be less sensitive towards erlotinib treatment as measured by cell proliferation and generation of tumor spheres in the presence of erlotinib.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that in cases of NSCLC accompanied by mutant EGFR, treatment targeting inhibition of EGFR kinase activity in differentiated cancer cells may generate a population of cancer cells with stem cell properties.
Dutch manner of motion verbs: Disentangling auxiliary choice, telicity and syntactic function
Authors: Beliën, Maaike 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Dutch manner of motion verbs play a prominent role in the literature on unaccusativity. As these verbs can take both hebben ‘have’ and zijn ‘be’ as their perfective auxiliaries, they are considered to show both unergative and unaccusative behavior. The general consensus is that these verbs normally take hebben, yet occur with zijn if they are ‘telicized’ by an endpoint, and that the auxiliaries are diagnostics for the syntactic status of prepositional phrases (PPs). The paper presents attested data that reveal that this generalization is untenable: there are examples that take the opposite auxiliary from what the generalization predicts. To account for the full set of data, the paper takes a cognitive-grammar perspective, arguing that auxiliary choice, telicity and syntactic status of PPs are independent issues requiring their own explanations. Auxiliary choice is analyzed in terms of alternate construals of a motion event: with hebben as a type of act and with zijn as a change of location. In this manner, the paper adds to a growing body of literature that questions the usefulness of the coarse unergative–unaccusative distinction, advocating a ‘local analysis’ instead.
Toward a frame-semantic definition of sound-symbolic words: A collocational analysis of Japanese mimetics
Authors: Akita, Kimi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This article presents empirical evidence of the high referential specificity of sound-symbolic words, based on a FrameNet-aided analysis of collocational data of Japanese mimetics. The definition of mimetics, particularly their semantic definition, has been crosslinguistically the most challenging problem in the literature, and different researchers have used different adjectives (most notably, “vivid,” since Doke 1935) to describe their semantic peculiarity. The present study approaches this longstanding issue from a frame-semantic point of view combined with a quantitative method. It was found that mimetic manner adverbials generally form a frame-semantically restricted range of verbal/nominal collocations than non-mimetic ones. Each mimetic can thus be considered to evoke a highly specific frame, which elaborates the general frame evoked by its typical host predicate and contains a highly limited set of frame elements, which correlate and constrain one another. This conclusion serves as a unified account of previously reported phenomena concerning mimetics, including the lack of hyponymy, the one-mimetic-per-clause restriction, and unparaphrasability. This study can be also viewed as a methodological proposal for the measurement of frame specificity, which supplements bottom-up linguistic tests.
The acquisition of the active transitive construction in English: A detailed case study
Authors: Theakston, Anna L. , Maslen, Robert , Lieven, Elena V. M. , Tomasello, Michael 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this study, we test a number of predictions concerning children's knowledge of the transitive Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) construction between two and three years on one child (Thomas) for whom we have densely collected data. The data show that the earliest SVO utterances reflect earlier use of those same verbs, and that verbs acquired before 2;7 show an earlier move towards adult-like levels of use in the SVO construction and in object argument complexity than later acquired verbs. There is not a close relation with the input in the types of subject and object referents used, nor a close adherence to Preferred Argument Structure (PAS) before 2;7, but both early and late acquired verbs show a simultaneous move towards PAS patterns in selection of referent type at 2;9. The event semantics underpinning early transitive utterances do not straightforwardly fit prototype (high or inalienable) notions of transitivity, but rather may reflect sensitivity to animacy and intentionality in a way that mirrors the input. We conclude that children's knowledge of the transitive construction continues to undergo significant development between 2;0 and 3;0, reflecting the gradual abstraction and integration of the SVO and VO constructions, verb semantics, discourse pragmatics, and the interactions between these factors. These factors are considered in the context of a prototype for the transitive construction.
Group valued null sequences and metrizable non-Mackey groups
Authors: Dikranjan Dikran , Martín-Peinador Elena , Tarieladze Vaja 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.
For a topological abelian group X we topologize the group

c
0

(
X
)

$c_0(X)$

of all X-valued null sequences in a way such that when

X
=
ℝ

${X={\mathbb {R}}}$

the
topology of

c
0

(
ℝ
)

$c_0({\mathbb {R}})$

coincides with the usual Banach space
topology of the classical Banach space c0
. If X is
a non-trivial compact
connected metrizable group, we prove that

c
0

(
X
)

$c_0(X)$

is a non-compact Polish locally
quasi-convex group with countable dual group

c
0

(
X
)

∧

$c_0(X)^{\wedge }$

.
Surprisingly, for a compact metrizable X, countability of

c
0

(
X
)

∧

$c_0(X)^{\wedge }$

leads to connectedness of X.

Our principal
application of the above results is to the class of locally quasi-convex Mackey groups (

LQC

$\rm {LQC}$

-Mackey groups). A topological group

(
G
,
μ
)

$(G,\mu )$

from a class

𝒢

$\mathcal {G}$

of topological abelian groups will be called a Mackey
group in

𝒢

$\mathcal {G}$

or a

𝒢

$\mathcal {G}$

-Mackey group if it has the
following property: if ν is a group topology in G such that

(
G
,
ν
)
∈
𝒢

${(G,\nu )\in \mathcal {G}}$

and

(
G
,
ν
)

$(G,\nu )$

has the same
character group as

(
G
,
μ
)

$(G,\mu )$

, then

ν
≤
μ

${\nu \le \mu }$

.

Based upon the results obtained for

c
0

(
X
)

$c_0(X)$

, we provide a large family of metrizable precompact
(hence, locally quasi-convex)
connected groups which are not

LQC

$\rm {LQC}$

-Mackey. Namely, we show that for a connected
compact metrizable group

X
≠
{
0
}

${X\ne \lbrace 0\rbrace }$

, the group

c
0

(
X
)

$c_0(X)$

, endowed with the topology
induced from the product topology on

X
ℕ

$X^{{\mathbb {N}}}$

, is a metrizable precompact connected group which is not a Mackey group in LQC.

Since metrizable locally convex spaces always carry the Mackey topology – a well-known fact from Functional Analysis –, our results prove that a Mackey theory for abelian groups is not a simple traslation of items known to hold for locally convex spaces. This paper is a contribution to the Mackey theory for groups, where properties of a topological nature like compactness or connectedness have an important role.
A characterization of degree two Siegel cusp forms
by the growth of their Fourier coefficients
Authors: Kohnen Winfried , Martin Yves 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We characterize all cusp forms among the degree two Siegel modular forms by the growth of their Fourier coefficients. We also give a similar
result for Jacobi forms over the group

SL
2

(
ℤ
)

⋉

ℤ
2

$\mathrm {SL}_{2}(\mathbb {Z}) \ltimes \mathbb {Z}^2$

.
Hyperbolic-sine analogues of Eisenstein series, generalized Hurwitz numbers, and q-zeta functions
Authors: Komori Yasushi , Matsumoto Kohji , Tsumura Hirofumi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.
We consider certain double series of Eisenstein type
involving hyperbolic-sine functions. We define certain generalized Hurwitz numbers, in terms of which we evaluate
those double series. Our main results can be regarded as a certain
generalization of well-known results of Hurwitz, Herglotz, Katayama and so on. Our results also include recent formulas of the third-named author which are
double analogues of the formulas of Cauchy, Mellin, Ramanujan, Berndt and
so on, about certain Dirichlet series involving hyperbolic
functions. As an application, we give some evaluation formulas for q-zeta
functions at positive integers.
Toward Visible Light Response: Overall Water Splitting Using Heterogeneous Photocatalysts
Authors: Takanabe Kazuhiro , Domen Kazunari 
Published: March 2012

AbstractExtensive energy conversion of solar energy can only be achieved by large-scale collection of solar flux. The technology that satisfies this requirement must be as simple as possible to reduce capital cost. Overall water splitting by powder-form photocatalysts directly produces a mixture of H
Sustainable Development of Green Energy Technologies in the Republic of Sudan
Authors: Omer Abdeen Mustafa 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSudan is an agricultural country with fertile soil and ample water resources, as well as livestock and forestry resources, and agricultural residues. Energy is one of the key factors in the development of Sudan's national economy. We present an overview of the energy situation in Sudan, with reference to its end uses and its regional distribution. We separate energy sources into two main types: conventional energy (biomass, petroleum products, and electricity) and non-conventional energy (solar power, wind energy, hydro-electric, etc.). Sudan has a relatively high abundance of sunshine and solar radiation, and has moderate biomass, hydro-electric and wind energy resources. Exploiting the available new and renewable energy sources to provide part of the local energy demand, as alternatives to conventional fossil energy, has become a major issue in Sudan's strategic planning of future energy policies. Sudan presents an important case study with respect to renewable energy, as it has a long history of meeting its energy needs by use of renewable sources; Sudan's portfolio is broad and diverse, due in part to the country's wide range of climates and landscapes. Like many African frontrunners in the utilisation of renewable energy, Sudan has a well-defined commitment to continue research, development, and implementation of new technologies. Sustainable low-carbon energy scenarios in the new century emphasize the importance of exploiting the untapped potential of renewable resources. Sudan's rural areas in particular, can benefit from this transition. The increased availability of reliable and efficient energy services will stimulate the development of new alternatives. We conclude that using renewable, environmentally friendly energy must be encouraged, promoted, implemented, and demonstrated by full-scale energy plants or collection devices, in particular for use in remote rural areas.
Zero-Emission Power Generation – Fuel Cells Are Coming, But Still Facing Obstacles in Germany
Authors: Hickmann Thorsten 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFor several years, low-emission energy systems have been asked for. It is all the more astonishing that an almost zero-emission method of power generation was invented more than 150 years ago but has not been successfully established yet. Fuel cells have been gaining ground since the new millennium, especially in Germany and Japan. Following the Japanese Government's decision to significantly reduce emission rates of the insular state, the economy has started to develop and refine fuel cell technology. Due to the planned nuclear phase-out, this new energy concept has started to come into focus in Germany as well. The new technology is designed for stationary and mobile applications alike and can hence provide power for domestic housing as well as for vehicles. There are, however, still supply chain deficiencies that impede a more widespread commercialisation.
Some heterocyclic compound formation under hydrothermal conditions: implications for prebiotic chemistry
Authors: He Chao , Hu Bin , Liu Ziwei , Wang Yu , Lv Bohui , Yuan Hongming , Tian Ge , Feng Shouhua 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The hydrothermal system is considered to be one of the most possible environments for the origin of life. Here we report a hydrothermal reaction from phenol and alanine to four important heterocyclic compounds, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (1), indoline (2), indole (3) and 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro­quinoline (4). This reaction suggests a prebiotic route to synthesize the heterocyclic compounds which could be precursors for the chemical evolution of life.
An efficient method for the synthesis of naphthoquinoline derivatives catalyzed by iodine
Authors: Wang Wei , Lu Lian , Wang Xiang-Shan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A series of naphtho[2,3-f]quinoline derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, anthracen-2-amine and acetone or an acetophenone in tetrahydrofuran (THF) catalyzed by iodine. The features of this procedure are mild conditions, good to high yields and operational simplicity.
Cardiac morbidity in twin-twin transfusion syndrome?
Authors: Martins Yolanda , Silva Sara , Matias Alexandra , Blickstein Isaac 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) affects about 10% of monochorionic pregnancies and develops when uncompensated unidirectional blood flow from one twin (‘donor’) to the other (‘recipient’) causes circulatory imbalance. The cardiac effect of the underlying hypervolemia or endocrine dysregulation, or both, manifests in the recipient as echocardiographic findings of the syndrome-related cardiomyopathy. The Quintero staging system for TTTS has recently been questioned, because more refined measurement of cardiac function may improve evaluation of disease severity and prediction of outcome. Much has been done to increase survival and diminish the cardiac morbidity associated with TTTS. The purpose of this paper was to review the literature on cardiac morbidity associated this syndrome.
Intermittent flushing improves cannula patency compared to continuous infusion for peripherally inserted venous catheters in newborns: results from a prospective observational study
Authors: Perez Anna , Feuz Isabelle , Brotschi Barbara , Bernet Vera 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Aims: Peripheral cannulas in newborns are commonly used for intravenous treatment. However sustained maintenance of cannula patency is often difficult to achieve in this age group. This study compares the duration for which cannula patency can be maintained in newborns under continuous infusion, or an intermittent flushing regimen, with normal saline.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted during a 12-month period. All newborns admitted to the 16-bed intermediate care unit, who required intravenous treatment, received either continuous peripheral infusion with 0.9% saline at an infusion rate of 2 mL/h or an intravenous cannula, which was flushed with 1 mL of 0.9% saline at least once every 24 h.

Results: A total of 53 patients with 86 cannulas were included. Twenty-five (47%) patients received 41 continuous infusions. The intermittent flushing group consisted of 28 (53%) patients with 45 cannulas administered. The cannula patency was significantly longer in the intermittent flushing group (mean 62.1 vs. 92.8 h, P=0.01). The patient’s underlying disease and the cannula insertion site were not related with the duration of the cannula patency.

Conclusions: Our study shows that intermittent cannula flushing is associated with improved cannula patency for peripherally inserted venous catheters in newborns.
The Effect of Intensive Antibacterial Therapy on the Sulcular Environment in Monkeys: Part I. Changes in the Bacteriology of the Gingival Sulcus
Authors: Kornman Kenneth S. , Caffesse Raul G. , Nasjleti Carlos E. 
Published: March 2012

The changes induced in the bacteriology of the gingival sulcus were evaluated as part of a study considering the keratinizing potential of the sulcular epithelium when bacterial plaque was essentially eliminated.Two Rhesus monkeys were scaled and placed on a daily therapeutic regimen which included a prophylaxis, systemic tetracycline, and topical chlorhexidine. Over the 40 day experimental period and 74 days post‐therapy, subgingival plaque samples were taken periodically. The plaque samples were cultured anaerobically and aerobically to determine the predominant bacterial flora.The total cultivable bacterial flora decreased from initial levels by greater than 99.9% with the antibacterial therapy. The flora shifted with therapy from one dominated by anaerobic organisms, including Bacteroides melaninogenicus (18%) and Fusobacterium species (13.9%), to a flora dominated by organisms growing aerobically. During treatment B. melaninogenicus and Fusobacterium species were not detected in any sample. After cessation of all therapy the anaerobes increased to dominance again, but B. melaninogenicus remained undetectable through 74 days post‐therapy.
Initial Healing of Periodontal Pockets After a Single Episode of Root Planing Monitored by Controlled Probing Forces
Authors: Proye M. , Caton J. , Polson A. 
Published: March 2012

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, using controlled probing forces, the response of periodontal pockets to a single episode of root planing. The clinical characteristics of 128 pockets (3–7 mm depth) distributed in ten subjects, were monitored immediately before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after a single episode of subgingival root planing. The clinical parameters measured were: pocket depth and bleeding after probing with 15 gm, 25 gm, 50 gm of controlled probing force and manual probing, gingival margin location, loss of attachment, gingival and plaque indices. Oral hygiene instruction and supragingival prophylaxis were given at each time point.An average aggregated score for each subject for each parameter was calculated at each time point. A repeated measure all‐within analysis of variance was done, and the Tukey multiple range test was used to assess the significance of differences among and between the means. Plaque and gingival indices decreased significantly after 1 week. Significant pocket depth reduction (initial) occurred 1 week after root planing, and reduced further (secondary) at 3 weeks. Initial pocket reduction was associated with significant gingival recession, whereas secondary pocket reduction was associated with significant gain of clinical attachment. Bleeding upon probing was virtually absent after 3 weeks. All probing changes were detected more consistently using controlled insertion pressures. It was concluded that substantial reduction in pocket depth occurs within 3 weeks after a single episode of root planing owing to initial gingival recession and secondary gain in clinical attachment.
The Effect of Elimination of Jiggling Forces on Periodontally Exposed Teeth in the Dog
Authors: Lindhe Jan , Ericsson Ingvar 
Published: March 2012

The aim of the present investigation in dogs was to analyze the effect on periodontal disease induced by a combination of ligatures and jiggling trauma, when the jiggling forces are eliminated. The experiment was performed in six dogs. On Day 0 a phase of periodontal tissue breakdown was initiated around the mandibular fourth premolars (4P; P4) by placing plaque retention ligatures around the necks of the teeth. The ligatures were changed once a month during a 90‐day period. On Day 90 the ligatures were removed. On Day 0 trauma from occlusion (jiggling) was also produced in the 4P and P4 region. On Day 90 the jiggling trauma was removed from the 4P‐region (test) while it was maintained in the P4‐region (control). Tooth mobility measurements and radiographic examinations were carried out on experimental Days 0, 30, 60, 90, 180 and 360. One dog was sacrificed on Day 90 and the remaining five on Day 360. Following sacrifice, tissue sections comprising 1M, 4P, 3P and P3, P4, M1 were obtained and subjected to microscopic analysis.Removal of the jiggling trauma from the test teeth resulted in a markedly decreased tooth mobility, but the loss of connective tissue attachment on Day 360 was similar in the test and control sites. This means that although the control teeth had an increased mobility and a widened periodontal ligament space, the height of the remaining periodontal tissue support was similar in the test and control tooth regions.
The Diagnosis and Management of Vertical Bony Defects
Authors: Prichard John F. 
Published: March 2012

Marginal periodontitis and pulpal disease often cause similar‐appearing lesions in the periodontium. Successful therapy depends on correct diagnosis, which is sometimes difficult. Some bony defects caused by pulpal disease require surgical debridement in addition to standard endodontic therapy.With one exception three‐walled intrabony periodontal defects discussed in this report were managed by surgical debridement without any type of implant or graft. Long‐term observation is required to determine the value of techniques used in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.