bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XGAP: a uniform and extensible data model and software platform for genotype and phenotype experiments
Authors: Swertz Morris A , van der Velde K Joeri , Tesson Bruno M , Scheltema Richard A , Arends Danny , Vera Gonzalo , Alberts Rudi , Dijkstra Martijn , Schofield Paul , Schughart Klaus , Hancock John M , Smedley Damian , Wolstencroft Katy , Goble Carole , de Brock Engbert O , Jones Andrew R , Parkinson Helen E ,   members of the Coordination of Mouse Informatics Resources (CASIMIR),   Genotype-To-Phenotype (GEN2PHEN) Consortiums, Jansen Ritsert C 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe present an extensible software model for the genotype and phenotype community, XGAP. Readers can download a standard XGAP (http://www.xgap.org) or auto-generate a custom version using MOLGENIS with programming interfaces to R-software and web-services or user interfaces for biologists. XGAP has simple load formats for any type of genotype, epigenotype, transcript, protein, metabolite or other phenotype data. Current functionality includes tools ranging from eQTL analysis in mouse to genome-wide association studies in humans.
Widespread remodeling of mid-coding sequence nucleosomes by Isw1
Authors: Tirosh Itay , Sigal Nadejda , Barkai Naama 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Background
The positions of nucleosomes along eukaryotic DNA are defined by the local DNA sequence and are further tuned by the activity of chromatin remodelers. While the genome-wide effect of most remodelers has not been described, recent studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown that Isw2 prevents ectopic expression of anti-sense and suppressed transcripts at gene ends.

Results
We examined the genome-wide function of the Isw2 homologue, Isw1, by mapping nucleosome positioning in S. cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus strains deleted of ISW1. We found that Isw1 functions primarily within coding regions of genes, consistent with its putative role in transcription elongation. Upon deletion of ISW1, mid-coding nucleosomes were shifted upstream (towards the 5' ends) in about half of the genes. Isw1-dependent shifts were correlated with trimethylation of H3K79 and were enriched at genes with internal cryptic initiation sites.

Conclusions
Our results suggest a division of labor between Isw1 and Isw2, whereby Isw2 maintains repressive chromatin structure at gene ends while Isw1 has a similar function at mid-coding regions. The differential specificity of the two remodelers may be specified through interactions with particular histone marks.
Design and evaluation of genome-wide libraries for RNA interference screens
Authors: Horn Thomas , Sandmann Thomas , Boutros Michael 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) screens have enabled the systematic analysis of many biological processes in cultured cells and whole organisms. The success of such screens and the interpretation of the data depend on the stringent design of RNAi libraries. We describe and validate NEXT-RNAi, a software for the automated design and evaluation of RNAi sequences on a genome-wide scale. NEXT-RNAi is implemented as open-source software and is accessible at http://www.nextrnai.org/.
Parental Origin of the X-Chromosome Does Not Influence Growth Hormone Treatment Effect in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Devernay Marie , Bolca Diana , Kerdjana Lamia , Aboura Azzedine , Gérard Bénédicte , Tabet Anne-Claude , Benzacken Brigitte , Ecosse Emmanuel , Coste Joël , Carel Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2012

AbstractContext:The parental origin of the intact X-chromosome has been reported to affect phenotype and response to GH treatment in Turner syndrome (TS).Objective:Our objective was to evaluate the influence of the parental origin of the X-chromosome on body growth and GH treatment effect in TS.Design and Setting:We conducted a population-based cohort study of TS patients previously treated with GH.Participants:Participants included patients with a nonmosaic 45,X karyotype; 556 women were identified as eligible, 233 (49%) of whom participated, together with their mothers. Data were analyzed for 180 of these patients.Main Outcome Measures:We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis to exclude mosaicism and microsatellite analysis of nine polymorphic markers in DNA from the patients and their mothers. The influence on growth and effect of GH were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods.Results:The X-chromosome was of paternal origin (Xpat) in 52 (29%) of 180 and of maternal origin (Xmat) in 128 (71%) of 180 patients. Height gain from the start of GH treatment to adult height was similar in Xmat and Xpat patients (+2.1 ± 0.9 vs. +2.2 ± 0.8 TS sd score, P = 0.45). The lack of influence of parental origin of the X-chromosome was confirmed in multivariate analysis. Parental origin of the X-chromosome also had no effect on the other growth characteristics studied, including growth velocity during the first year on GH treatment. Patient height was correlated with the heights of both parents and was not influenced by the parental origin of the X-chromosome.Conclusion:In this, the largest such study carried out to date, the parental origin of the X-chromosome did not alter the effect of GH treatment or affect any other features of growth in TS.
Uncertainty in Fire Standards and What to Do About It
Authors: Hall John R. 
Published: May 2012

Description
11 peer-reviewed papers cover various issues related to uncertainty in fire standards and how different parties, such as testing laboratories, enforcement authorities, manufacturers, and practicing engineers, incorporate uncertainty into their use of results from fire safety tests and calculations. It also examines the larger implications of different approaches and provides overviews of some of the newest methods and approaches for handling uncertainty.
Topics cover
Bacterial Pathogens Related to Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Individuals with Cleft Palate: Bacteriological Culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Weckwerth Paulo Henrique , De Mattias Franco Adriana Terezinha , De Magalhães Lopes Carlos Alberto , Santos Fernando Dos , Weckwerth Ana Carolina Villas Bôas , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Duarte Marco Antonio Húngaro 
Published: May 2012

Objective To characterize the microbial etiology of chronic suppurative otitis media comparing the methods of classical bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction. Design/Setting/Patients Bacteriological analysis by classical culture and by molecular polymerase chain reaction of 35 effusion otitis samples from patients with cleft lip and palate attending the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies of the University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. Interventions Collection of clinical samples of otitis by effusion through the external auditory tube. Main Outcome Measure Otolaryngologic diagnosis of chronic suppurative otitis media. Results Positive cultures were obtained from 83% of patients. Among the 31 bacterial lineages the following were isolated. In order of decreasing frequency: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (54.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (25.9%), and Enterococcus faecalis (19.2%). No anaerobes were isolated by culture. The polymerase chain reaction was positive for one or more bacteria investigated in 97.1% of samples. Anaerobe lineages were detected by the polymerase chain reaction method, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Conclusions Patients with cleft lip and palate with chronic suppurative otitis media presented high frequency of bacterial infection in the middle ear. The classical bacteriological culture did not detect strict anaerobes, whose presence was identified by the polymerase chain reaction method.
Results From the Data & Democracy Initiative to Enhance Community-Based Organization Data and Research Capacity
Authors: Carroll-Scott Amy , Toy Peggy , Wyn Roberta , Zane Jazmin I. , Wallace Steven P. 
Published: May 2012

Objectives. In an era of community-based participatory research and increased expectations for evidence-based practice, we evaluated an initiative designed to increase community-based organizations’ data and research capacity through a 3-day train-the-trainer course on community health assessments. Methods. We employed a mixed method pre–post course evaluation design. Various data sources collected from 171 participants captured individual and organizational characteristics and pre–post course self-efficacy on 19 core skills, as well as behavior change 1 year later among a subsample of participants. Results. Before the course, participants reported limited previous experience with data and low self-efficacy in basic research skills. Immediately after the course, participants demonstrated statistically significant increases in data and research self-efficacy. The subsample reported application of community assessment skills to their work and increased use of data 1 year later. Conclusions. Results suggest that an intensive, short-term training program can achieve large immediate gains in data and research self-efficacy in community-based organization staff. In addition, they demonstrate initial evidence of longer-term behavior change related to use of data and research skills to support their community work.
New Computerized Solids Control Program Reduces Drilling Costs in North Sea
Authors: Sharpies Virginia M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The Solids Control Optimized Program for Equipment (S.C.O.P.E.) is a computerized model for use in well planning. The simulation of a completed well reproduces quantities of mud and chemicals consumed and their costs. In subsequent reports, the costs for materials to drill the same well with various solids control programs are calculated. The knowledge gained by comparing the reports may be used to optimize solids control programs on wells drilled through similar formations.
The primary purpose of this paper is verification of the program by testing its accuracy in comparison against data from a U.K. North Sea well summary selected for its location and its completeness of data. The optimum combination of solids control equipment for similar Beryl Field wells found by the program is also reported.
Preparation of needle-like aragonite particles from calcium nitrate solution in batch and flow reactors
Authors: Fellner Pavel , Jurišová Jana , Kozánková Jana , Pach Ladislav 
Published: May 2012

Preparation of needle-like aragonite particles from calcium nitrate solution in batch and flow reactors
Needle-like aragonite particles for application in paper industry were synthesised from calcium nitrate solution. Calcium nitrate was prepared from waste lime. Samples of precipitated aragonite were prepared both in batch and flow reactors, respectively. Conditions (concentration of calcium nitrate, temperature, and flow rate of CO2) were optimized for achieving high yield of aragonite in the product.
Biosensors - classification, characterization and new trends
Authors: Monošík Rastislav , Streďanský Miroslav , Šturdík Ernest 
Published: May 2012

Biosensors - classification, characterization and new trendsBiosensors represent promising analytical tools applicable in areas such as clinical diagnosis, food industry, environment monitoring and in other fields, where rapid and reliable analyses are needed. Some biosensors were successfully implemented in the commercial sphere, but majority needs to be improved in order to overcome some imperfections. This review covers the basic types, principles, constructions and use of biosensors as well as new trends used for their fabrication.
L'extrême droite en Hongrie. Racines, culture, espace
Authors: Ablonczy Balázs , Ablonczy Bálint 
Published: May 2012

Le score aux élections européennes de 2009 (14,77% des voix) et aux élections législatives de 2010 (16,67% des voix au premier tour) de Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom (Mouvement pour une Hongrie meilleure, communément appelé Jobbik) en Hongrie avait attiré l’attention internationale sur l’émergence d’une nouvelle droite radicale dans la région. Au bout d’une crise politique qui a envenimé la situation politique hongroise depuis 2006 et la crise économique mondiale aidant, 855000 électeurs hongrois (sur environ 5 millions de votants) se sont prononcés en faveur d’une option politique totalement étrangère aux valeurs déclarées de l’Union européenne. Il serait tentant de parler d’un phénomène inédit, spécifiquement hongrois, sans racine et sans commune mesure avec des forces politiques similaires d’autres pays, et d’établir une affiliation directe des « démons du passé ». Dans cet essai nous tenterons de démontrer que la résurgence de ces idées est le fruit de processus socioéconomiques et culturels complexes ayant trait aux événements récents tout aussi bien qu’à certaines spécificités de l’histoire des idées politiques en Hongrie, et à certaines questions qui n’ont pas été posées depuis la transition démocratique de 1990.
« Ceci n'est pas un parti » : le véhicule fantôme de l'anti-islamisme de Geert Wilders
Authors: Mamadouh Virginie , van der Wusten Herman 
Published: May 2012

Le Parti pour la liberté (PVV) de Geert Wilders est depuis les législatives de 2010 le troisième des Pays-Bas, qui plus est un partenaire indispensable du gouvernement minoritaire de la coalition des conservateurs du VVD et des chrétiens-démocrates du CDA. Cette contribution retrace le parcours politique de Geert Wilders depuis ses débuts comme assistant du groupe parlementaire de Frits Bolkestein en 1990. Elle retrace le succès de son parti (qui en vérité n’en est pas un puisqu’il n’a pas de membres), dans le contexte du débat sur l’immigration, l’intégration et l’islam, des assassinats politiques de Pim Fortuijn en 2002 et Theo van Gogh en 2004 et de la montée de mouvements populistes anti-islamistes aux Pays-Bas. Elle présente enfin les grands traits de la géographie électorale du PVV.
Network centrality and multiplexity: a study of sales performance
Authors: Claro D.P. , Gonzalez G.R. , Claro P.B.O. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Network literature suggests that individual embeddedness leads to performance. The authors argue that resources from intra-firm social networks are critical for gaining advantages. The contribution of the paper lies at the performance impact of the network position. Previous studies have considered two alternative views, degree and closeness, of network centrality that have been shown to impact job promotion, innovation diffusion, and wage increase. To our knowledge no work has been done to identify the specific impact of the network on sales performance. Moreover, two different types of network relations were focused on in order to analyze the multiplexity of ties: friendship and advice. Conceptual work has suggested the impact of overlapping ties on performance, however elaborated empirical evidence is lacking. Estimates from a sample of salespeople in a focal firm of input supplies reveal that having many direct ties (degree centrality) and multi-dimensional relations (advice and friendship) positively influences a salesperson’s performance. The results demonstrate that salespeople can structure intra-firm ties in order to leverage firm resources and enhance individual performance.
Reallocation of property rights in agro-food systems: addressing diffuse stakeholders’ rights
Authors: Zylbersztajn D. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Stakeholders are individuals who can substantially affect the decision-making and sharing part of the value created by firms. This paper explains how parties that have not exercised cooperative production efforts, hold decision-making rights and share rights to the value created. The objective of this paper is to present a theoretical explanation for the existence of stakeholder activity, based on the property rights theory. In addition, the paper explores examples of development banks and a system of certification of sustainable forest production, exploring strategic implications. The paper is organized into four parts. Following the introduction, part two presents a selective literature review, part three presents a property rights allocation model and part four presents cases and conclusions.
The Usefulness of the Endonasal Incisional Approach for the Treatment of Nasal Bone Fracture
Authors: Kim Hyo Seong , Suh Hyeun Woo , Ha Ki Young , Kim Boo Yeong , Kim Tae Yeon 
Published: May 2012

Background Among all facial fractures, nasal bone fractures are the most common, and they have been reduced by closed reduction (CR) for a long time. But several authors have reported suboptimal results when using CR, and the best method of nasal bone reduction is still being debated. We have found that indirect open reduction (IOR) through an endonasal incisional approach is a useful method for more accurate reduction of the nasal bone.
Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of 356 patients who underwent reduction of a nasal bone fracture in our department from January, 2006, to July, 2011. We treated 263 patients with IOR. We assessed patients' and doctors' satisfaction with surgical outcomes after IOR or CR. We evaluated the frequency of nasal bleeding owing to mucosal injury, and followed the surgical outcomes of patients who had simultaneous dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty.
Results According to the analysis of the satisfaction scores, both patients and doctors were significantly more satisfied in the IOR group than the CR group (P<0.05). Mucosal injury with nasal bleeding occurred much less in the IOR group (5.3%) than the CR group (12.9%). Dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty with IOR was performed simultaneously in 34 cases. Most of them (31/34) showed satisfaction with the outcomes.
Conclusions IOR enables surgeons to manipulate the bony fragment directly through the endonasal incisional approach. However, we propose that CR is the proper technique for patients under 16 and for those with comminuted nasal bone fractures because submucosal dissection in IOR can damage the growth or circulation of nasal bone.
Influence of γ‐α′‐Phase Transformation in Metastable Austenitic Steels on the Mechanical Behavior During Tensile and Fatigue Loading at Ambient and Lower Temperatures
Authors: Hahnenberger Frank , Smaga Marek , Eifler Dietmar 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe present investigation is concerned with the three metastable austenitic steels AISI 304 (X5CrNi1810), 321 (X6CrNiTi1810), and 348 (X10CrNiNb189). In the temperature range −60 °C ≤ T ≤ 25 °C tensile and fatigue tests were performed to characterize the mechanical and phase transformation behavior using stress‐elongation, stress–strain hysteresis, and magnetic measurements. The mechanical properties are significantly influenced by the temperature dependent deformation induced phase transformation from austenite to α′‐martensite which are combined with pronounced hardening processes. Furthermore microhardness measurements after fracture could be correlated with the results of the fatigue tests.
On the Correlation Between Thermal Cycle and Formation of Intermetallic Phases at the Interface of Laser‐Welded Aluminum‐Steel Overlap Joints
Authors: Szczepaniak Agnieszka , Fan Jianfeng , Kostka Aleksander , Raabe Dierk 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA laser beam welding process via heat conduction was applied to join DC01 steel with aluminum (Al) in overlap configuration without filler wire. The effect of the applied laser power (1.7, 1.8, 2.1, and 2.4 kW) on the formation and evolution of the interfaces between steel and Al was analyzed. Two intermetallic compounds were found at the interface, namely, one adjacent to the steel layer (Al5Fe2) and one close to the solidified Al (Al13Fe4). The thickness of the intermetallic reaction layer increases with laser power, while the morphology of its individual components evolves due to differences in accumulated thermal cycles. Correlations between simulations and measurements show that the peak temperature has significantly stronger influence on the thickness of the intermetallic reaction layer than cooling time and the integral of temperature over the time. Shear/tensile strength tests reveal that all the specimens fail in the Al heat affected zone.
Preparation of water‐compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for caffeine with a novel ionic liquid as a functional monomer
Authors: Luo Xubiao , Dong Ruizhi , Luo Shenglian , Zhan Youcai , Tu Xinman , Yang Lixia 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWater‐compatible molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for caffeine were synthesized in aqueous medium with a new functional monomer, 1‐(α‐methyl acrylate)‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (1‐MA‐3MI‐Br), which had π–π and hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Caffeine‐imprinted polymers were prepared in suspension polymerization with 1‐MA‐3MI‐Br and methacrylic acid (MAA), which only had hydrogen bonding, as a functional monomer. For the specific binding characteristics of the new functional monomer 1‐MA‐3MI‐Br, the adsorption capacity and relative separation factor (β) of MIPs for caffeine were significantly enhanced. The maximum adsorption capacities of 1‐MA‐3MI‐Br–MIP and MAA–MIP imprinted microspheres for caffeine were 53.80 and 28.90 μmol/g, respectively. Moreover, the relative separation factors were measured by comparison of the separation characteristics under competitive adsorption conditions. The results showed that the β of MAA–MIP for caffeine relative to theophylline was only 1.65; this showed a very poor recognition selectivity for caffeine, but β of 1‐MA‐3MI‐Br–MIP for caffeine with respect to theophylline was remarkably enhanced to 3.19; this showed an excellent recognition selectivity and binding affinity toward caffeine molecules in an aqueous environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Optimization of rotor speed based on stretching, efficiency, and viscous heating in nonintermeshing internal batch mixer: Simulation and experimental verification
Authors: Salahudeen Shafaat Ahmed , AlOthman Othman , Elleithy Rabeh H. , Al‐Zahrani S. M. , Rahmat Abdul Razak Bin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOptimization of rotor speed based on stretching, efficiency, and viscous heating in nonintermeshing internal batch mixer has been investigated using polymer melt. A practical optimization technique was followed for optimization. Four different rotor speeds were used and characterized numerically with viscous dissipation and stretching. The heat distribution between rotor edge and mixer wall was calculated. Stretching experienced by the fluid was analyzed and the result was verified experimentally using particle tracking method. Exponential increase of energy dissipation between the rotor edge and the barrel at higher speed highlighted the importance of choosing the thermal properties of the polymer to avoid thermal degradation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Ultraviolet light aging properties of PVC/CaCO3 composites
Authors: Liu Hai , Dong Lijie , Xie Haian , Wan Lipeng , Liu Zhukai , Xiong Chuanxi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe ultraviolet radiation aging behaviors of PVC/CaCO3 and PVC/CaCO3/macromolecular modifier composites were studied through whiteness measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical properties test. It was found that nano‐CaCO3 particles used as ultraviolet light screening agents could significantly enhance the antiaging properties of PVC materials. Due to the macromolecular modifier coated on nano‐CaCO3 particles, the compatibility of nano‐CaCO3 and PVC matrix was improved, resulting in uniform dispersion of nano‐CaCO3 in PVC matrix. Therefore, the PVC/CaCO3/MP composite exhibited better antiaging properties than PVC/CaCO3 composite. After 12 h of ultraviolet irradiation, the tensile strength retention, elongation at break retention, and impact strength retention of PVC/CaCO3/MP composite were 79.5%, 74.5%, and 75.3%, which were much higher than that of neat PVC and PVC/CaCO3 composite. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013