bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retention of arsenic species on zwitterionic stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Xie Dan , Mattusch Jürgen , Wennrich Rainer 
Published: March 2010

AbstractZwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ZIC®‐HILIC) was used to study the retention of selected organoarsenicals. The retention behavior of nine organic arsenic species on ZIC®‐HILIC was investigated to elucidate which is the driving force for their separation, hydrophilic partitioning or adsorption driven by hydrogen bonds with surface H‐donor/acceptor groups of the stationary phase. For this, the retention factor of the compounds k was correlated with log PO/W and with the calculated strength of hydrogen bonding of the analytes. By examining aliphatic and phenylic compounds separately, improved correlation was received. This indicates that both phenomena contribute to the separation of these arsenic species on ZIC®‐HILIC. The results obtained evidence that considerable electrostatic interactions also occur on ZIC®‐HILIC. Retention behavior of arsenic species was investigated by varying the separation conditions, which shows that the composition of the eluent has a strong influence on the retention behavior. It is highly dependent on water/acetonitrile ratio, pH value and salt additives. Dissociation degree and polarity of arsenic species, which are varying with pH, regulate the distribution of arsenic species between stationary and mobile phases in HILIC. Increase in the ammonium acetate concentration leads to shortened or to prolonged retention depending on the structure of the arsenic species.
Preparation and recognition performance of cytisine alkaloid‐imprinted material prepared using novel surface molecular imprinting technique
Authors: Gao Baojiao , Niu Qinyuan , Du Ruikui 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMethacrylic acid was first graft‐polymerized on the surfaces of micron‐sized silica gel particles in the manner of “grafting from” using 3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane as an intermedia, obtaining the grafted particle polymethacrylic acid PMAA/SiO2. By adopting the novel surface‐molecular imprinting technique put forward by us, cytisine molecule‐imprinted material MIP‐PMAA/SiO2 was prepared with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as crosslinking agent. The binding characteristics of MIP‐PMAA/SiO2 towards cytisine was investigated in depth with both batch and column methods and using matrine and oxymatrine as two contrast alkaloids, which with cytisine coexist in sophora alopecuroides and their chemical structure is similar to cytisine to a certain extent. The experimental results show that the surface‐imprinted material MIP‐PMAA/SiO2 has excellent binding affinity for cytisine (20.1 g/100 g of binding capacity), and it is more important that MIP‐PMAA/SiO2 has very high recognition selectivity for cytisine in relation to the two contrast alkaloids. The selectivity coefficients of the grafted particles PMAA/SiO2 (non‐imprinted material) for cytosine in relation to matrine and oxymatrine are only 1.03 and 1.06, respectively, displaying no recognition selectivity for cytisine. However, after imprinting, the selectivity coefficient of MIP‐PMAA/SiO2 for cytisine in respect to matrine and oxymatrine are remarkably enhanced to 12.08 and 15.05, respectively.
Enhanced glyco‐profiling by specific glycopeptide enrichment and complementary monolithic nano‐LC (ZIC‐HILIC/RP18e)/ESI‐MS analysis
Authors: Wohlgemuth Jessica , Karas Michael , Jiang Wen , Hendriks Robertus , Andrecht Sven 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDedicated and specific sample preparation and adequate chromatographic resolution prior to MS are necessary for comprehensive and site‐specific glycosylation analysis to compensate for high heterogeneity of protein glycosylation, low‐abundance of specific glycoforms and ion‐suppression effects caused by coelution of other peptides. This article describes a scheme for glycopeptide profiling, which comprises HILIC batch enrichment followed by complementary HILIC and RP‐LC in 1‐D and 2‐D approaches. For reproducible and sensitive nano‐LC/ESI‐MS analysis, we used ZIC‐HILIC and RP18e monolithic silica capillaries and assessed their retention characteristics and complementarity for glycopeptide separations. The experiments revealed that pre‐enrichment of glycopeptides in combination with LC employing both phases considerably improves site‐specific elucidation of glycosylation heterogeneity. Zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography showed high capability to separate glycopeptides by their glycan composition, which coeluted on RP18e. By varying solvent conditions, retention can be well tuned, and efficient separations were achieved even in absence of any additives like salt or formic acid. RP18e facilitated glycopeptide separations with high peak capacity based on peptide sequence and degree of sialylation. Implementing both orthogonal and complementary phases in 1‐D and 2‐D LC setups was shown to significantly increase the number of different identified glycoforms and possesses great potential for comprehensive glycoproteomics approaches.
Preparation, characterisation and modification of carbon‐based monolithic rods for chromatographic applications
Authors: Eltmimi Ali H. , Barron Leon , Rafferty Aran , Hanrahan John P. , Fedyanina Olga , Nesterenko Ekaterina , Nesterenko Pavel N. , Paull Brett 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA range of porous carbon‐based monolithic (PCM) rods with flow‐through pore sizes of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μm, were produced using a silica particle template method. The rods were characterised using SEM and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, BET surface area and porous structure analysis, dilatometry and thermal gravimetry. SEM evaluation of the carbon monolithic structures revealed an interconnected rigid bimodal porous structure and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis verified the quantitative removal of the embedded silica beads. The specific surface areas of the 1, 2, 5 and 10 μm rods were 178, 154, 84 and 125 m2/g after pyrolysis and silica removal, respectively. Shrinkage of the monolithic rods during pyrolysis is proportional to the particle size of the silica used and ranged from 9 to 12%. Mercury porosimetry showed a narrow distribution of pore sizes, with an average of ∼700 nm for the 1 μm carbon monolith. The suitability of bare and surface oxidised PCM rods for the use as a stationary phase for reversed and normal phase LC was explored. The additional modification of PCM rods with gold micro‐particles followed by 6‐mercaptohexanoic acid was performed and ion‐exchange properties were evaluated.
Continuous analysis and monitoring of snores and their relationship to the apnea‐hypopnea index
Authors: Fiz José Antonio , Jané Raimon , Solà‐Soler Jordi , Abad Jorge , García M. Ángeles , Morera José 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:We used a new automatic snoring detection and analysis system to monitor snoring during full‐night polysomnography to assess whether the acoustic characteristics of snores differ in relation to the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and to classify subjects according to their AHI.Study Design:Individual Case‐Control Study.Methods:Thirty‐seven snorers (12 females and 25 males; ages 40–65 years; body mass index (BMI), 29.65 ± 4.7 kg/m2) participated. Subjects were divided into three groups: G1 (AHI <5), G2 (AHI ≥5, <15) and G3 (AHI ≥15). Snore and breathing sounds were recorded with a tracheal microphone throughout 6 hours of nighttime polysomnography. The snoring episodes identified were automatically and continuously analyzed with a previously trained 2‐layer feed‐forward neural network. Snore number, average intensity, and power spectral density parameters were computed for every subject and compared among AHI groups. Subjects were classified using different AHI thresholds by means of a logistic regression model.Results:There were significant differences in supine position between G1 and G3 in sound intensity; number of snores; standard deviation of the spectrum; power ratio in bands 0–500, 100–500, and 0–800 Hz; and the symmetry coefficient (P < .03). Patients were classified with thresholds AHI = 5 and AHI = 15 with a sensitivity (specificity) of 87% (71%) and 80% (90%), respectively.Conclusions:A new system for automatic monitoring and analysis of snores during the night is presented. Sound intensity and several snore frequency parameters allow differentiation of snorers according to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity (OSAS). Automatic snore intensity and frequency monitoring and analysis could be a promising tool for screening OSAS patients, significantly improving the managing of this pathology. Laryngoscope, 2010
Information gain as a score for probabilistic forecasts
Authors: Peirolo Riccardo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA measure of the information added by a probabilistic forecast to that contained in the climatological distribution is presented in this paper. This measure, called information gain, is mathematically closely related to the traditional ignorance score, but is more intuitive. Its advantages over other scores for probabilistic forecasts are also shown. The information gain score is tested on ECMWF ensemble forecasts of 500 hPa geopotential and 850 hPa temperature. The trends observed are in good agreement with those seen in other verification measures applied to the same data. In particular, the information gain decays with increasing lead time and increases over the years, in agreement with the improvement of the model. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Involvement of ER–calreticulin–Ca2+signaling in the regulation of porcine oocyte meiotic maturation and maternal gene expression
Authors: Zhang Ding‐Xiao , Li Xiao‐Ping , Sun Shao‐Chen , Shen Xing‐Hui , Cui Xiang‐Shun , Kim Nam‐Hyung 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCalcium is one of the most ubiquitous signaling molecules, and controls a wide variety of cellular processes. It is mainly stored in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), bound to lumenal proteins. Calreticulin is the major Ca2+‐binding chaperone in oocytes, and is integral to numerous cellular functions. To better understand the role of the ER– calreticulin–Ca2+pathway in oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis, we characterized the porcine calreticulin gene and investigated its expression profile during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Calreticulin was widely expressed in pig tissues and its transcripts were downregulated during maturation, especially at 44 hr, and were undetectable at the blastocyst stage. We also investigated the effect of increased cytosolic Ca2+induced by the Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), on pig oocyte maturation and maternal gene expression. CPA at 10 µM did not inhibit germinal vesicle breakdown, but did result in the arrest of 38.6% oocytes at or before the MI stage. In addition, expression of the maternal genes C‐mos, BMP15, GDF9, and Cyclin B1 was significantly increased in CPA‐treated MII oocytes compared with control groups. These data were supported by the results of poly(A)‐test PCR, which revealed that the cyclin B1 short isoform (CB‐S), GDF9, and C‐mos underwent more intensive polyadenylation modification in CPA‐treated oocytes than control oocytes, suggesting that polyadenylation may influence Ca2+‐modulated changes in gene expression. Furthermore, CPA treatment decreased the percentage of four‐cell parthenotes that developed into blastocysts, suggesting the need for functional SR/ER Ca2+‐ATPase pumps or Ca2+signals during early embryo development after zygotic genome activation. Together, these data indicate that ER–calreticulin‐associated Ca2+homeostasis plays a role in oocyte and embryo development, and that alterations in maternal gene expression may contribute to the underlying molecular mechanism, at least partially, via polyadenylation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 462–471, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How regressive are indirect taxes? A microsimulation analysis for five European countries
Authors: Decoster André , Loughrey Jason , O'Donoghue Cathal , Verwerft Dirk 
Published: March 2010

AbstractShifting the tax burden from labor to consumption is proposed in many developed countries as a way to make the tax system more incentive compatible. This article deals with the simulation of such a policy change to sharpen the distributional picture. Expenditures are imputed into the EUROMOD microsimulation program. Then social security contributions are lowered and the standard VAT rate is increased to maintain government revenue neutrality. The main conclusions are that (1) indirect taxes are regressive with respect to disposable income but proportional or progressive with respect to total expenditures, and (2) indirect taxes are in any case less progressive than other components of the tax system, making the proposed measure a regressive one. A possible solution exists in increasing the progressivity of the remaining income tax. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Who became poor, who escaped poverty, and why? Developing and using a retrospective methodology in five countries
Authors: Krishna Anirudh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Stages‐of‐Progress methodology helps identify context‐specific reasons associated with households' movements into or out of poverty. Developed in 2002, it was used over the next seven years for examining the experiences of 35,567 households in 398 diverse communities of India, Kenya, Uganda, Peru, and North Carolina. This essay looks at the reasons that motivated the development of a different methodology for exploring poverty flows, explores the steps involved, and briefly presents key results. Large numbers of households have fallen into poverty in every context examined, but large numbers have also become persistently poor. Different reasons are associated, respectively, with escaping poverty and falling into poverty. Different policies are, therefore, required to deal with each of the two poverty flows. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Using the American community survey to create a National Academy of Sciences–style poverty measure: Work by the New York City Center for Economic Opportunity
Authors: Levitan Mark , D'Onofrio Christine , Koolwal Gayatri , Krampner John , Scheer Daniel , Seidel Todd , Virgin Vicky 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe need to improve the U.S. poverty measure has received renewed attention as state and local governments have initiated antipoverty efforts and wish to judge their effect. This paper describes the New York City Center for Economic Opportunity's implementation of the National Academy of Sciences' recommendations for measuring poverty. The center's decision to use the Census Bureau's American Community Survey as its principal data source created the project's central challenge; many of the items needed to construct the academy's measure of resources are not included in the survey and needed to be estimated through a variety of methods. The resultant measure creates a higher poverty rate and a demographic profile of the poor that is quite different from that generated by the official measure. The paper concludes with observations about these differences and how this new picture of poverty has begun to influence policymaking in New York City. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
BRMS1 transcriptional repression correlates with CpG island methylation and advanced pathological stage in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nagji Alykhan S , Liu Yuan , Stelow Edward B , Stukenborg George J , Jones David R 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBreast cancer metastasis suppressor gene‐1 (BRMS1) mRNA and protein expression are significantly decreased in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and this is a poor prognostic indicator. Given that the BRMS1 promoter region contains a promoter‐associated CpG island (CGI) that encompasses the transcriptional start site, we hypothesized that decreased BRMS1 mRNA and protein levels in NSCLC was secondary to increased BRMS1 promoter methylation. Methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) of the two known CGIs (−3477 to − 2214 and − 531 to + 608) in the BRMS1 genome was performed in NSCLC cells. This demonstrated a robust increase in methylation of the promoter‐associated CGI (−531 to + 608) but not of the upstream CGI (−3477 to − 2214). To experimentally verify that methylation contributes to BRMS1 transcriptional repression, we cloned the BRMS1 promoter region, including the promoter‐associated CGI, into a luciferase reporter gene and found that BRMS1 promoter activity was dramatically inhibited under methylated conditions. We then assessed the BRMS1 methylation profile with MSP and bisulphite‐sequencing PCR in human NSCLC adenocarcinoma (n = 20) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 20) relative to adjacent non‐cancerous bronchial epithelium. There was a significant increase in BRMS1 promoter methylation in all NSCLC specimens relative to non‐cancerous tissues, with the most dramatic difference in squamous cell cancer histology. Subsequent immunostaining demonstrated that nuclear BRMS1 expression is reduced in lung cancer specimens compared to normal bronchial epithelium. The association between BRMS1 promoter methylation and specific clinical and histopathological variables was examined using a general linear model. Pathological tumour stage was associated with increased BRMS1 methylation in squamous cell cancers. These observations demonstrate that methylation of the promoter‐associated CGI in BRMS1 results in its transcriptional repression, and highlight the potential clinical relevance of this methylation event with respect to NSCLC tumour histology and pathological stage. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curing of styrene‐free unsaturated polyester alkyd: synthesis, characterization and simulation
Authors: Mironi‐Harpaz Iris , Alperstein David , Knani Dafna , Narkis Moshe 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExperimental and simulation studies of the crosslinking process of styrene‐free unsaturated polyester (UP) alkyd chains are presented. The thermal and mechanical properties of the crosslinked UP alkyd are studied as a function of the peroxide concentration. The characterized and simulated thermoset matrix properties are compared. Simulation of the crosslinking reaction is used to improve the understanding of the process and to define the species involved in it. The main experimental characterization tools used were differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The main simulation tools used were a Monte Carlo procedure for the crosslinking process and a density functional theory‐based quantum code for the scission process. Good agreement between the experimental and simulation results was achieved. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and fluorescence properties of novel 1,10‐phenanthroline‐functionalized polyaryletherketone and its rare earth complexes
Authors: Liu Dan , Yu Hao , Wang Zhonggang , Nie Qiuping 
Published: March 2010

Abstract1,10‐Phenanthroline‐functionalized polyaryletherketone (PPEK) was synthesized by the amidation reaction of 5‐amino‐1,10‐phenanthroline with polyaryletherketone containing pendant acyl chloride groups. Subsequently, a series of novel rare earth coordination polymers (with rare earths Eu3+, Tb3+, Sm3+ and Dy3+) were prepared, using PPEK as macromolecular ligand and the small 1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen) molecule as synergistic ligand. Their structures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X‐ray diffraction, which confirmed that both PPEK and Phen participated in the coordination reaction with the rare earth ions, and that the rare earth ions could disperse homogeneously in the polymer matrix. The rare earth coordination polymers were soluble in polar solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide, N,N‐dimethylacetamide and N‐methylpyrrolidone, and could be easily cast into transparent tough thin films. Fluorescence measurements indicated that all the coordination polymers exhibited the intense characteristic fluorescence of the corresponding rare earth ions under ultraviolet excitation, showing their application potential in optical display devices. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Evidence‐based early reading practices within a Response to Intervention system
Authors: Bursuck Bill , Blanks Brooke 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMany students who experience reading failure are inappropriately placed in special education. A promising response to reducing reading failure and the overidentification of students for special education is Response to Intervention (RTI), a comprehensive early detection and prevention system that allows teachers to identify and support struggling readers early, before they fail. A key component of RTI is the implementation of evidence‐based reading practices within a multitiered framework. School psychologists are increasingly being asked to lead or be members of RTI building teams. As such, they can play an important role in assuring that evidence‐based practices in reading are implemented with integrity. The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for judging the extent to which early reading instruction within a multitier RTI system is evidence based. Key evidence‐based practices related to the content, design, and delivery of early reading instruction are described. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The development of phonological awareness with specific language‐impaired and typical children
Authors: Thatcher Karen L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study investigated kindergarten, preschool, and first‐grade children who were typical or specific language impaired (SLI) to determine whether there were developmental differences in their phonological awareness abilities (i.e., syllable, onset/rime, phonemes). Results revealed a significant difference between children who were typical and children who were SLI on the sound‐segmentation tasks. The children who were typical were more effective at segmenting than were children who were SLI. Significant differences were also noted between the types of phonological task completed among participants. The combined data from this study revealed developmental trends in phonological awareness for the typical population. The developmental trend was not observed in the SLI population, however. Clinical implications are suggested. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The terminal 5′ phosphate and proximate phosphorothioate promote ligation‐independent cloning
Authors: Liu Xi‐Peng , Liu Jian‐Hua 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFunction studies of many proteins are waited to develop after genome sequencing. High‐throughout technology of gene cloning will strongly promote proteins' function studies. Here we describe a ligation‐independent cloning (LIC) method, which is based on the amplification of target gene and linear vector by PCR using phosphorothioate‐modified primers and the digestion of PCR products by λ exonuclease. The phosphorothioate inhibits the digestion and results in the generation of 3′ overhangs, which are designed to form complementary double‐stranded DNA between target gene and linear vector. We compared our phosphorothioate primer cloning methods with several LIC methods, including dU primer cloning, hybridization cloning, T4 DNA polymerase cloning, and in vivo recombination cloning. The cloning efficiency of these LIC methods are as follows: phosphorothioate primer cloning > dU primer cloning > hybridization cloning > T4 DNA polymerase cloning >> in vivo recombination cloning. Our result shows that the 3′ overhangs is a better cohesive end for LIC than 5′ overhang and the existence of 5′phosphate promotes DNA repair in Escherichia coli, resulting in the improvement of cloning efficiency of LIC. We succeeded in constructing 156 expression plasmids of Aeropyrum pernix genes within a week using our method.