bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of salinity on growth, biochemical composition, and lipid productivity of Nannochloropsis oculataCS 179
Authors: Gu Na , Lin Qiang , Li Gang , Tan Yehui , Huang Liangmin , Lin Junda 
Published: June 2012

Effect of salinity (15, 25, 35, 45, and 55‰) on growth, biochemical composition, and lipid productivity of Nannochloropsis oculata CS 179 was investigated under controlled cultivation in a 19‐day study. The results demonstrate that the dry biomass of N. oculata was the highest at a salinity of 25‰ among the treatments in the first 10‐day cultivation (P<0.05). During days 14–19 (stage III), the dry biomass productivity was the highest at a salinity of 35‰ (P<0.05). The algae had the highest chlorophyll a content (26.47 mg g−1) at 25‰ in stage I, and it decreased continuously at stage III. Protein content (as% of dry biomass) of algae reached the highest value of 42.25 ± 2.10% at 15‰, and the lipid content was the highest of 32.11 ± 1.30% of dry biomass at 25‰. However, the lipid productivity of these algae was the highest at 35‰ (64.71 mg L−1 d−1; P<0.001). C16 series content was the highest among the total fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and eicosapentaenoic acid C20:5n‐3 (EPA) content was high at the low salinity. Fatty acid profiles of N. oculata varied significantly under different salinities.
Parental diet and risk of retinoblastoma resulting from new germline RB1 mutation
Authors: Bunin Greta R. , Tseng Marilyn , Li Yimei , Meadows Anna T. , Ganguly Arupa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe conducted a case–control study of sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma, which results from a new germline RB1 mutation, to investigate the role of parents' diet before their child's conception. Parents of 206 cases from nine North American institutions and 269 controls participated; of these, fathers of 184 cases and 223 controls and mothers of 204 cases and 260 controls answered a food frequency questionnaire administered by phone about their diet in the year before the child's conception. Cases provided DNA for RB1 mutation testing. We assessed parents' diet by examining 19 food groups. Father's intake of dairy products and fruit was associated with decreased risk and cured meats and sweets with increased risk. Mother's intake was not associated with disease for any food group. Considering analyses adjusted for the other food groups significantly associated with disease, energy intake, and demographic characteristics as well as more fully adjusted models, the associations with father's dairy products and cured meat intake were the most robust. In the fully adjusted, matched analysis, the odds ratios per daily serving were 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49–1.00, P = 0.047) for dairy products and 5.05 (CI 1.46–17.51, P = 0.01) for cured meat. The pattern of associations with paternal but not maternal diet is consistent with the fact that 85% of new germline RB1 mutations occur on the father's allele. As few human data exist on the role of diet in any condition resulting from new germ‐cell mutation, additional studies will be needed to replicate or refute our findings. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone marrow genotoxicity of 2,5‐dimethylfuran, a green biofuel candidate
Authors: Fromowitz Michele , Shuga Joe , Wlassowsky Antonio Yip , Ji Zhiying , North Matthew , Vulpe Chris D. , Smith Martyn T. , Zhang Luoping 
Published: June 2012

Abstract2,5‐Dimethylfuran (DMF) is being considered as a potential green transportation biofuel, but there is limited information about its toxicity and safety. We examined DMF toxicity in the bone marrow using a murine in vitro erythropoietic micronucleus assay and found that exposure to DMF (0.1 mM, 1 hr) induced an increase in micronuclei frequency compared with controls. These data suggest that DMF may be genotoxic to hematopoietic cells and that more thorough toxicological studies on DMF should be conducted to ensure public and occupational safety before it is considered a viable biofuel and produced in mass quantities. As well as specific data on DMF, our study further validates an in vitro cell culture system that captures the essential features of the in vivo mammalian micronucleus genotoxicity assay, enabling increased throughput and controlled studies on hematopoietic DNA damage response, while reducing animal sacrifice. In vitro assays, such as the in vitro micronucleus assay, will be essential as international chemical policy is increasingly utilizing green chemistry principles that require more toxicological testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alterations of GSH and MDA levels and their association with bee venom‐induced DNA damage in human peripheral blood leukocytes
Authors: Gajski Goran , Domijan Ana‐Marija , Garaj‐Vrhovac Vera 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBee venom (BV) has toxic effects in a variety of cell systems and oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism of its toxicity. This study investigated the in vitro effect of BV on glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and their association with BV‐induced DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral blood leukocytes (HPBLs). Blood samples were treated with BV at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μg/ml over different lengths of time, and DNA damage in HPBLs was monitored with the alkaline and formamidopyrimidine glycoslyase (FPG)‐modified comet assays, while GSH and MDA levels were determined in whole blood. Results showed a significant increase in overall DNA damage and FPG‐sensitive sites in DNA of HPBLs exposed to BV compared with HPBLs from controls. An increase in DNA damage (assessed with both comet assays) was significantly associated with changes in MDA and GSH levels. When pretreated with N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, a source of cysteine for the synthesis of the endogenous antioxidant GSH, a significant reduction of the DNA damaging effects of BV in HPBLs was noted. This suggests that oxidative stress is at least partly responsible for the DNA damaging effects of BV. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of intratumoural heterogeneity in cancer drug resistance: molecular and clinical perspectives
Authors: Saunders Nicholas A. , Simpson Fiona , Thompson Erik W. , Hill Michelle M. , Endo‐Munoz Liliana , Leggatt Graham , Minchin Rodney F. , Guminski Alexander 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDrug resistance continues to be a major barrier to the delivery of curative therapies in cancer. Historically, drug resistance has been associated with over‐expression of drug transporters, changes in drug kinetics or amplification of drug targets. However, the emergence of resistance in patients treated with new‐targeted therapies has provided new insight into the complexities underlying cancer drug resistance. Recent data now implicate intratumoural heterogeneity as a major driver of drug resistance. Single cell sequencing studies that identified multiple genetically distinct variants within human tumours clearly demonstrate the heterogeneous nature of human tumours. The major contributors to intratumoural heterogeneity are (i) genetic variation, (ii) stochastic processes, (iii) the microenvironment and (iv) cell and tissue plasticity. Each of these factors impacts on drug sensitivity. To deliver curative therapies to patients, modification of current therapeutic strategies to include methods that estimate intratumoural heterogeneity and plasticity will be essential.
Seismic loss estimation of non‐ductile reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: Baradaran Shoraka M. , Yang T. Y. , Elwood K. J. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYNon‐ductile reinforced concrete buildings represent a prevalent construction type found in many parts of the world. Due to the seismic vulnerability of such buildings, in areas of high seismic activity non‐ductile reinforced concrete buildings pose a significant threat to the safety of the occupants and damage to such structures can result in large financial losses. This paper introduces advanced analytical models that can be used to simulate the nonlinear dynamic response of these structural systems, including collapse. The state‐of‐the‐art loss simulation procedure developed for new buildings is extended to estimate the expected losses of existing non‐ductile concrete buildings considering their vulnerability to collapse. Three criteria for collapse, namely first component failure, side‐sway collapse, and gravity‐load collapse, are considered in determining the probability of collapse and the assessment of financial losses. A detailed example is presented using a seven‐story non‐ductile reinforced concrete frame building located in the Los Angeles, California. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward two decades of plant biotechnology: successes, failures, and prospects
Authors: Halford Nigel G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe use of plant biotechnology in agriculture approaches the end of its second decade. While it is now a maturing industry in the Americas, Asia, and Australasia in particular, in some parts of the world, no more so than in Europe, it remains a highly controversial issue. European authorities have responded to the controversy by establishing a regulatory framework so impenetrable that development of the technology in Europe has effectively ground to a halt and the United Kingdom, for example, is no nearer to the commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops than it was when the first GM varieties went on the market in the United States of America in the mid‐1990s. This review covers the GM crop varieties and traits that have been launched in the last 18 years, including the failures as well as successes, and considers the prospects for the technology.
Which is the by‐product: caffeine or decaf coffee?
Authors: Mazzafera Paulo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe popularity of coffee as a beverage has its origin in the stimulant effect of caffeine. However, a market for decaffeinated (decaf) coffee developed when a variety of health problems appeared to be related with caffeine consumption. The caffeine obtained from the decaffeination is mainly used by pharmaceutical, cola‐type soft drinks and cosmetic industries and although decaf coffee amounts to about 10% of the global coffee market, the need for caffeine by these industries is much bigger than is produced. With the increasing consumer appeal for natural products, which is related to a healthier life style, natural caffeine is missing in the market and is being replaced by the synthetic molecule, as has been shown by modern detection techniques. Here, I briefly discuss that while much attention has been paid on decaf coffee, perhaps natural caffeine has become more important and the by‐product may now be decaf coffee.
Modeling of the Area‐specific Resistance of SOFC Cathodes by Application of a Square Grain Model Involving Grain Boundaries
Authors: Preis W. , Bucher E. , Sitte W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA square grain model is proposed for the calculation of the area‐specific resistance (ASR) of porous cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) by means of the finite element approach. The grains and pores are represented by squares of equal side length. The grain boundaries are assumed to be thin slabs of uniform thickness. Both blocking conditions for the ionic current and fast transport of oxide ions along the grain boundaries have been taken into account. The results of the simulation suggest that highly active cathode materials could be developed by increasing the grain boundary ionic conductivity. In the case of an average grain size of 0.1 μm, a remarkable decrease of the ASR is predicted, if the ionic conductivity of the grain boundaries exceeds that of the bulk by a factor of 100. The model has been applied to simulate the increase of the ASR due to degradation of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3–δ in dry and humid atmospheres at 600 °C. A rapid increase of the ASR is predicted in H2O‐containing atmospheres. The effect of Cr‐poisoning on the ASR has been modeled for dry and humid atmospheres at 600 °C. The degradation owing to Cr‐poisoning is most pronounced in atmospheres containing water vapor.
Motivation as a predictor of speech intelligibility after total laryngectomy
Authors: Singer Susanne , Meyer Alexandra , Fuchs Michael , Schock Juliane , Pabst Friedemann , Vogel Hans–Joachim , Oeken Jens , Sandner Annett , Koscielny Sven , Hormes Karl , Breitenstein Kerstin , Dietz Andreas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundIt has often been argued that if patients' success with speech rehabilitation after laryngectomy is limited, it is the result of lacking motivation on their part. This project investigated the role of motivation in speech rehabilitation.MethodsIn a multicenter prospective cohort study, 141 laryngectomees were interviewed at the beginning of rehabilitation and 1 year after laryngectomy. Speech intelligibility was measured with a standardized test, and patients self‐assessed their own motivation shortly after the surgery. Logistic regression, adjusted for several theory‐based confounding factors, was used to assess the impact of motivation on speech intelligibility.ResultsSpeech intelligibility 1 year after laryngectomy was not significantly associated with the level of motivation at the beginning of rehabilitation (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7–2.3; p = .43) after adjusting for the effect of potential confounders (implantation of a voice prosthesis, patient's cognitive abilities, frustration tolerance, physical functioning, and type of rehabilitation).ConclusionsMotivation is not a strong predictor of speech intelligibility 1 year after laryngectomy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Outcomes of free flap reconstruction in the elderly
Authors: Vaz Jason A. , Côté David W. J. , Harris Jeffrey R. , Seikaly Hadi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe reconstructive surgeon is often faced with the dilemma of offering free flap reconstruction to the elderly after surgical extirpation in the head and neck due to the perception that this population tolerates these procedures poorly.MethodsA 42‐month retrospective review of all microvascular free flap reconstruction cases from a large head and neck oncology program was reviewed. A series of 278 patients met inclusion criteria and were stratified into 2 age groups: 45 to 64.9 years (n = 177) and ≥65 years (n = 101).ResultsThere was no significant difference in primary outcomes, anastomotic compromise (p = .36), unsalvageable flaps (p = .46), secondary outcomes, complicated recoveries (p = .29), or deaths within 30 days of surgery (p = .14) between the 2 groups. However, the length of postoperative recovery was increased in the elderly cohort (p = .029).ConclusionsGiven that outcomes were similar between young and elderly patients, surgeons should not restrict the use of free flaps based on their patients' age. Head Neck, 2012
Outcome of patients with early T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue managed by conventional surgery with adjuvant postoperative radiation
Authors: Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Kim Leslie , Nixon Iain J. , Palmer Frank , Shah Jatin P. , Patel Snehal G. , Ganly Ian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundExisting treatment regimens for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the base of tongue (BOT) favor chemoradiation. However, there is a shifting paradigm toward minimally invasive surgery with adjuvant radiatiotherapy for select tumors. The aim was to report our experience in conventional surgical management with particular focus on T1/T2 tumors, which may be candidates for minimally invasive techniques.MethodsBetween 1985 and 2005, 128 patients were treated with primary surgery. Overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier method, and predictive factors analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsFive‐year OS, DSS, and RFS rates were 60%, 70%, and 61%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed pathologic T classification and extracapsular extension (ECE) were significant predictors for DSS, whereas T classification remained significant for local recurrence. DSS for T1/T2 tumors ranged from 77% (node‐positive) to 84% (node‐negative).ConclusionT classification and ECE are independent predictors of outcome for BOT SCC. Patients with cT1/T2 tumors had excellent outcome and may be suitable for transoral robotic or endoscopic surgical procedures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Systematic review of treatment and prognosis of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Duval Melanie , Hwang Euna , Kilty Shaun J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study was undertaken to determine the recurrence rate for open and endoscopic surgery and the clinical prognosis of this sinonasal tumor.MethodsA systematic review of individual cases of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma was performed. A total of 97 articles were included in the study and reviewed to extract the relevant information about each case.ResultsIn all, 194 cases of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma were identified. There were 53 recurrences (27.3%), 6 tumor‐related deaths (3.1%), and 4 cases of metastases (2.1%). There was no significant difference between rate of recurrence for endoscopic or open resection (p = .06). Incomplete excision was the most important predictor of recurrence (odds ratio = 11.50, 95% confidence interval 3.76–36.82, p < .001). Radiotherapy may be advantageous in cases of incomplete surgical resection (p = .03).ConclusionsComplete excision is essential to minimize tumor recurrence and radiotherapy may decrease the rate of recurrence in the case of incomplete resection. Current evidence does not suggest that open resection is superior to endoscopic resection. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Retracted: The Relationship between Personality Traits and Sales Force Automation Usage: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Wu , Lee King‐Ling , Tseng Chun‐Pin , Yang Han‐Chung , Liu. Chia‐Chi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSales force automation (SFA) came to cognition and officially gained momentum in the 1990s (Taylor, 1993). SFA provides salespeople with speedy information access, diminishing the time needed to prepare for calls and cutting down on the number of follow‐ups, particularly for urgent need of further information support (Taylor, 1993). This study attempts to look specifically at the “utilization–individual impact” link. In particular, the close link of the personality type of the sales representative to the individual performance usage of the sales forces automation systems in the pharmaceutical industry in Taiwan. This study provides insight into how the personality traits of the individual medical representatives of pharmaceutical companies in Taiwan could influence the adoption of innovative technology, the sales force automation system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating Bar Coding‐Aided Medication Administration through Identification of Nursing Work Deficiencies
Authors: Tian Renran , Lee Byung Cheol , Yucel Gulcin , Abel Steven R. , Hultgren Kyle E. , Duffy Vincent G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHealth care information technology (IT) systems manage administrative and clinical processes more accurately and efficiently. However, their effects on clinical work flow are still not fully understood. In this article, we investigate the bar‐coded medication administration (BCMA) system for its effect on nurses working in inpatient departments. Evaluation is applied by examining work deficiencies before and after the IT system implementation based on a proposed nursing work model. A list of nurse‐perceived risks of work deficiencies related to the current BCMA system has been identified. Results show five main deficiencies that are mainly related to aspects of the IT environment and work schedule/process, including increased workload, IT systems downtime, unclear orders/task schedules, reduced time for patient‐care tasks, and redundant documentation. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the reciprocal relationship between IT implementation and health care work system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing a web‐based behavior motivation tool for healthcare compliance
Authors: Lin Raymund J. , Ramakrishnan Sreeram , Chang Henry , Spraragen Susan , Zhu Xinxin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAs one of the causes of increasing population with chronic diseases, low compliance with healthy lifestyle has been a major challenge in the healthcare industry. Not seeing immediate positive outcomes, many people became frustrated and stopped adhering to health plans that offer long‐term benefits. Studies have suggested that peer supports are effective to improve compliance, and social cognitive theories have indicated that personal realization and confidence enhanced through entertaining gaming elements could encourage behavior change. In this study, we propose a web‐based behavior motivation tool to help improve patients' health compliance based on previous work and theories. Key components in our service design are illustrated through a case study, including a social gaming and learning portal, an engineering approach to support different application scenarios, and information interventions based on predefined rules to achieve effective compliance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scale, assessment components, and reference conditions: Issues for cumulative effects assessment in Canadian watersheds
Authors: Ball Murray , Somers Gila , Wilson Julie E , Tanna Rajiv , Chung Cecilia , Duro Dennis C , Seitz Nicole 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of watershed-based cumulative effects assessment (WCEA) in Canada; however, several challenges remain regarding its effective implementation and execution. Fundamental to WCEA is the establishment of linkages between environmental stressors and particular and measurable components of the aquatic environment. Dynamic and often synergistic relationships between the multiple physicochemical stressors in the landscape can affect water quantity, quality, and the health of aquatic species. Essential decisions must be made about what to measure to characterize both stressors and aquatic effects, what scale is appropriate for measurement, and to what the measurements should be referenced. This review presents lessons learned from case studies conducted in 6 different watersheds across Canada, each focused on advancing the science behind WCEA, but with varied objectives and approaches. Issues of scale, selection of aquatic environmental components or indicators for assessment, and reference conditions were compared and contrasted to highlight common challenges that can affect the implementation and outcome of a WCEA. The lack of long-term monitoring data and data inconsistencies were identified as frequently limiting factors for the advancement of WCEA science and the application of WCEA. Recommendations were made for developing a comprehensive and integrated methodology for WCEA in Canada. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:370–379. © 2013 SETAC