bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, depression and quality of life differences between functional and organic dyspepsia
Authors: Mahadeva Sanjiv , Goh Khean‐Lee 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective and Background:  The role of psychological disturbance in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia is uncertain. We aimed to examine for differences in anxiety, depression and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) between adults with organic (OD) and functional dyspepsia (FD).Methodology:  A prospective, cross‐sectional study of Malaysian adults undergoing oesophago‐gastro‐duodenoscopy (OGDS) for the primary indication of dyspepsia was conducted. Prior to OGDS, locally translated and validated versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) and Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (LDQ) were administered.Results:  839 patients (mean age 49.6 ± 15.8 years, 55.7% female, ethnic division: Malays 30.5% , Chinese 38.4%, Indians 29.4%) were studied between June 2008 and March 2009. 472 (56.3%) and 367 (43.7%) patients had FD and OD respectively. There was no difference in the mean LDQ score between FD and OD patients (18.6 vs 18.1, P = 0.4). Moderate/severe anxiety was more prevalent in FD compared to OD patients (28.5% vs 23.1%, P = 0.05) but there was no significant difference in depression. Summary scores for the NDI revealed a lower mean value in FD patients compared to OD patients (68.6 ± 19.5 vs 71.4 ± 19.6, P = 0.04).Conclusion:  Patients with FD have a lower HRQOL compared to those with OD, but this could not be attributed to differences in anxiety nor depression between both groups.
Modularity of methylotrophy, revisited
Authors: Chistoserdova Ludmila 
Published: March 2011

SummaryMethylotrophy is a metabolic capability possessed by microorganisms that allows them to build biomass and to obtain energy from organic substrates containing no carbon–carbon bonds (C1 compounds, such as methane, methanol, etc.). This phenomenon in microbial physiology has been a subject of study for over 100 years, elucidating a set of well‐defined enzymatic systems and pathways enabling this capability. The knowledge gained from the early genetic and genomic approaches to understanding methylotrophy pointed towards the existence of alternative enzymes/pathways for the specific metabolic goals. Different combinations of these systems in different organisms suggested that methylotrophy must be modular in its nature. More recent insights from genomic analyses, including the genomes representing novel types of methylotrophs, seem to reinforce this notion. This review integrates the new findings with the previously developed concept of modularity of methylotrophy.
The Personal Sense of Power
Authors: Anderson Cameron , John Oliver P. , Keltner Dacher 
Published: March 2011

AbstractScholars who examine the psychological effects of power have often argued that possessing power shapes individual behavior because it instills an elevated sense of power. However, little is known about the personal sense of power because very few studies have examined it empirically. In studies involving a total of 1,141 participants and nine different samples, we found that the personal sense of power was coherent within social contexts; for example, individuals who believed that they can get their way in a group also believed that they can influence fellow group members’ attitudes and opinions. The personal sense of power was also moderately consistent across relationships but showed considerable relationship specificity; for example, individuals’ personal sense of power vis‐à‐vis their friend tended to be distinct but moderately related to their personal sense of power vis‐à‐vis their parent. And the personal sense of power was affected not only by sociostructural factors (e.g., social position, status) but also by personality variables such as dominance.
Neurobehavioral correlates of the rapid formation of the symbolic control of visuospatial attention
Authors: Trujillo Logan T. , Schnyer David M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPrior research suggests that nonpredictive symbolic central cues can produce nonvoluntary shifts of endogenous attention when associations between cues and spatial locations are overlearned during cognitive development. The present ERP study extends this research by first showing that overlearned cue–spatial location associations necessary to support nonvoluntary attentional orienting can be rapidly formed in adult humans. A second experiment indicates that the nonvoluntary orienting formed by such rapid learning is semireflexive (amenable to top‐down influence) rather than reflexive (resistant to top‐down influence). A third experiment suggests that the rapid formation of endogenous nonvoluntary orienting requires explicit rather than implicit learning of cue–location associations. These findings provide further support for a strong connection between neurocognitive representations of space, symbol meaning, and attentional control.
Electrophysiological evidence for abnormal error monitoring in recurrent major depressive disorder
Authors: Georgiadi Elena , Liotti Mario , Nixon Neil L. , Liddle Peter F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPrevious neuroimaging work has identified anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) abnormalities in recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD), implicating a persistent underlying predisposition to depression. Error‐monitoring studies in MDD, as indexed by error‐related negativity (ERN), have yielded conflicting results, probably because of task differences or confounds in patient samples. ERN patterns were examined in remitted (n=19) and acutely depressed (n=17) patients, classified as a function of illness stage, and their matched controls in a go/no‐go task using high‐density ERPs. Results showed an abnormally larger ERN (p<.05) in remitted patients, especially in younger cases. Overall, ERN was found to decrease with age across all groups. The findings of increased ERN in remitted depression may implicate an overactive ACC associated with a hypervigilant error‐monitoring system. The observed tendency of ERN reduction in a severe depressive state failed to reach statistical significance.
Validation of an online referral guide for melanocytic fundus lesions
Authors: Hemmerdinger Christopher , Beech Michael , Groenewald Carl , Damato Bertil 
Published: March 2011

Citation information: Hemmerdinger C, Beech M, Groenewald C & Damato B. Validation of an online referral guide for melanocytic fundus lesions.Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011, 31, 574–579. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2011.00830.xAbstractAim:  To assess the validity of an online referral guide for melanocytic fundus lesions available to optometrists.Methods:  A prospective inter‐observer agreement assessment of a novel grading system for melanocytic fundus lesions using digital images from the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre.Results:  The study was completed by 94.5% (52/55) of optometrists recruited. A total of 2594 valid grading scores were obtained for 400 different melanocytic lesions which were assigned to three management categories (monitor, routine referral or urgent referral). The linear weighted kappa value between the optometrists and the ocular oncologist was 0.66 (95% CI 0.64–0.68). Optometrist inter‐observer agreement was 0.62 (95%CI 0.57–0.67).Conclusions:  This online referral guide for melanocytic lesions shows substantial agreement between optometrists and a gold standard opinion. It is easily accessible and could be helpful to community optometrists managing patients with a melanocytic fundus lesion.
The Relationships among MRI‐Defined Spinal Cord Involvement, Brain Involvement, and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Cohen Adam B. , Neema Mohit , Arora Ashish , Dell’Oglio Elisa , Benedict Ralph H. B. , Tauhid Shahamat , Goldberg‐Zimring Daniel , Chavarro‐Nieto Christian , Ceccarelli Antonella , Klein Joshua P. , Stankiewicz James M. , Houtchens Maria K. , Buckle Guy J. , Alsop David C. , Guttmann Charles R. G. , Bakshi Rohit 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo determine the interrelationships between MRI‐defined lesion and atrophy measures of spinal cord involvement and brain involvement and their relationships to disability in a small cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).BACKGROUNDAlthough it is known that cervical spinal cord atrophy correlates with disability in MS, it is unknown whether it is the most important determinant when compared to other regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, it is not clear to what extent brain and cord lesions and atrophy are related.DESIGN AND METHODS3T MRI of the whole brain and whole spinal cord was obtained in 21 patients with MS, including 18 with relapsing‐remitting, one with secondary progressive, one with primary progressive, and one with a clinically isolated syndrome. Brain global gray and white matter volumes were segmented with Statistical Parametric Mapping 8. Spinal cord contour volume was segmented in whole by a semi‐automated method with bins assigned to either the cervical or thoracic regions. All CNS volumes were normalized by the intracranial volume. Brain and cord T2 hyperintense lesions were segmented using a semi‐automated edge finding tool.RESULTSAmong all MRI measures, only upper cervical spinal cord volume significantly correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale score (r =−.515, P = .020). The brain cord relationships between whole or regional spinal cord volume or lesions and gray matter, white matter, or whole brain volume or whole brain lesions were generally weak and all nonsignificant.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this preliminary study of mildly disabled, treated MS patients, cervical spinal cord atrophy most strongly correlates with physical disability in MS when accounting for a wide range of other CNS measures of lesions and atrophy, including thoracic or whole spinal cord volume, and cerebral gray, white or whole brain volume. The weak relationship between spinal cord and brain lesions and atrophy may suggest that they progress rather independently in patients with MS. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:122‐128
Jerarquías del cuidado en Sudáfrica. Enfermeras, asistentes sociales y cuidadoras domiciliarias
Authors: LUND Francie 
Published: March 2011

Resumen.La autora analiza las jerarquías del trabajo de cuidado de Sudáfrica, que han sido alteradas por la pandemia de sida y los cambios estructurales consiguientes. Estas enfermeras, asistentes sociales, cuidadoras domiciliarias y voluntarias — son casi todas mujeres — poseen antecedentes muy diversos y trabajan en organismos oficiales, empresas privadas, hogares y entidades sin fines de lucro. Aunque ha mejorado la prestación de cuidados, lo cual ha propiciado algunos aumentos salariales, su labor sigue estando infravalorada. La lucha contra la pandemia impulsa la transferencia de tareas en sentido descendente y agrava el fardo de trabajo que recae en las trabajadoras poco o nada remuneradas y que sufren las peores condiciones laborales.
Severe acute maternal morbidity in asylum seekers: a two‐year nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: VAN HANEGEM NEHALENNIA , MILTENBURG ANDREA SOLNES , ZWART JOOST J. , BLOEMENKAMP KITTY W.M. , VAN ROOSMALEN JOS 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective. Asylum seekers often have poorer physical and mental health compared with the general population. The aim of this study was to assess incidence and risk indicators for severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) in asylum seekers. Design. Prospective, population‐based cohort study. Setting. All 98 maternity units in the Netherlands. Population. All asylum seekers in the Netherlands. Methods. All cases of severe maternal morbidity in asylum seekers were collected during a two‐year period. All pregnant women in the Netherlands in the same period acted as a reference cohort (n=371 021). Main Outcome Measures. Incidence and possible risk indicators of SAMM in asylum seekers. Results. Of the SAMM cases, 40 were identified as asylum seekers. This yields an incidence of 31 per 1 000 severe maternal morbidity in asylum seekers. Compared with the general Dutch population, asylum seekers have a four‐ to fivefold increased risk of SAMM (relative risk 4.5; 95% confidence interval 3.3–6.1). Even compared with other non‐Western immigrant women, asylum seekers have an increased risk of SAMM (relative risk 3.6; 95% confidence interval 2.6–5.0). Possible risk indicators for SAMM are as follows: a single household, unemployment, low socio‐economic status, major language barrier, short stay in the Netherlands, HIV positive, late gestational booking, multiparity and prior cesarean section. Conclusions. Asylum seekers have an increased risk for SAMM compared with other immigrant women, as well as compared with the general Dutch pregnant population. In this study, we identified possible additional risk factors. Special attention is needed while taking care of asylum‐seeking pregnant women.
Typically atypical: histiocytoid Sweet syndrome, associated with malignancy
Authors: Hünermund Anika , Wendel Ana‐Maria , Geissinger Eva , Bröcker Eva‐Bettina , Stoevesandt Johanna 
Published: March 2011

SummarySweet syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is characterized by a dramatic onset of high fever, neutrophilia and typical skin lesions. About 20 % of patients have an associated malignancy, most commonly hematologic diseases. Chronic and paucisymptomatic manifestations of Sweet syndrome may be misdiagnosed or misinterpreted as harmless, resulting in delayed diagnosis. “Atypical” manifestations are especially suspicious for associated malignancies. This is demonstrated by a 39‐year old patient with chronic and afebrile disease who was referred to our clinic only after symptoms had persisted for several months. By that point, an underlying nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma had already reached an advanced stage. Skin biopsies revealed dermal infiltrates of histiocytoid cells of myelogenous origin, supporting a diagnosis of histiocytoid Sweet syndrome. Specific cutaneous infiltrates associated with myelogenous leukemia were ruled out.
On the aggregation properties of FMRP – a link with the FXTAS syndrome?
Authors: Sjekloća Ljiljana , Pauwels Kris , Pastore Annalisa 
Published: March 2011

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA binding protein necessary for correct spatiotemporal control of neuronal gene expression in humans. Lack of functional FMRP causes fragile X mental retardation, which is the most common inherited neurodevelopmental disorder in humans. In a previous study, we described the biochemical and biophysical aggregation properties of constructs spanning the conserved region of FMRP and of two other human fragile X related (FXR) proteins, FXR1P and FXR2P. Here, we show that the same regions have an intrinsic tendency to aggregate and spontaneously misfold towards β‐rich structures, also under non‐destabilizing conditions. These findings pave the way to future studies of the mechanism of formation of FXR‐containing ribonucleoprotein granules and suggest a possible link with the as yet poorly understood FXR proteins’ associated pathologies.Structured digital abstract
FXR2P binds to FXR2P by fluorescence technology (View interaction)
FMRP binds to FMRP by electron microscopy (View interaction)
FXR1P binds to FXR1P by electron microscopy (View interaction)
Beyond Transformation and Regulation: Productive Tensions and the Analytics of Inclusion
Authors: SIMON‐KUMAR RACHEL , KINGFISHER CATHERINE 
Published: March 2011

The inclusion of marginal groups is increasingly becoming part of contemporary governance. Critical appraisals categorize inclusionary mechanisms either as politically transformative or as regulative and part of the state's broader agenda of social control. In this article, we argue against both these positions and propose instead that inclusion is simultaneously regulative and transformative, that is, it is practiced in a state of—what Chantal Mouffe calls—“productive tension.” The article is divided into two parts: the first critically examines the theoretical literature on the tensions written into inclusive practices. The second part illustrates productive tensions in the case of inclusive strategies between ethnic/migrant groups and the government in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The article urges the reconceptualization of tensions and contradictions as part of the broader contours of contemporary radical democracy wherein erasures, assimilations, resistance, and transformations exist simultaneously.La inclusión de grupos marginados se está convirtiendo cada vez más en parte de la gobernabilidad contemporánea. Algunas evaluaciones críticas categorizan a los mecanismos de inclusión como políticamente transformadores o como reguladores y parte de un programa de control social más amplio por parte del estado. En este artículo argumentamos en contra de ambas posiciones y proponemos que la inclusión es simultáneamente regulativa y transformadora, es decir, es practicada en un estado de—lo que Chantall Mouffe llama—“tensión productiva.” El artículo es dividido en dos partes: la primera examina de manera crítica la literatura teórica de las tensiones que acompañan las prácticas de inclusión. La segunda ilustra las tensiones productivas en el caso de las estrategias de inclusión entre grupos étnicos/migrantes y el gobierno de Aotearoa/Nueva Zelanda. El artículo urge a la reconceptualización de las tensiones y contradicciones como parte de un entorno más amplio de la democracia radical contemporánea en donde el rechazo, asimilación, resistencia y transformación coexisten simultáneamente.
Democracy and the General Will: A Rousseauian Response to Schumpeter
Authors: FABER MICHAEL J. 
Published: March 2011

Joseph Schumpeter's famous Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy articulates a minimalist theory of democracy that he contrasts with what he calls the “classical doctrine of democracy.” This “classical doctrine” appears to be a thinly veiled democratic interpretation of Rousseau's social contract, although Schumpeter rarely mentions Rousseau. The use of the concept of the general will, including the direct use of the French phrase volonté générale often associated with Rousseau, makes this apparent. Although Rousseau seems on the surface an odd choice as the archetypal democrat, Schumpeter's reading of him has some merit; Rousseau's social contract can be a democratic society in a certain sense of the word. Rousseau, furthermore, provides an adequate defense against the criticisms Schumpeter makes against his theory. This article uses Rousseau's ideas to argue against Schumpeter's minimalist model and in favor of what he calls the classical doctrine of democracy.El famoso trabajo de Schumpeter Capitalismo, Socialismo y Democracia expresa una teoría de la democracia minimalista que él contrasta con lo que llama la “teoría clásica de la democracia.” Esta “doctrina clásica” parece ser una interpretación encubierta del contrato social de Rousseau. El uso del concepto de la voluntad general, incluyendo el uso directo de la frase francesa volonté générale, a menudo asociada a Rousseau, hace esto aparente. Aunque a primera vista Rousseau parece una elección extraña como el demócrata ideal, la interpretación de Schumpeter tiene su mérito; el contrato social de Rousseau puede ser de cierto modo una sociedad democrática, además, provee una defensa adecuada en contra de las críticas que Schumpeter hace de su teoría. Este artículo utiliza las ideas de Rousseau para argumentar en contra del modelo minimalista de Schumpeter y apoyar lo que él llamaba la doctrina clásica de la democracia.
Dishevelled C‐terminus: prolyl and histidinyl motifs
Authors: Wang H.‐Y. , Malbon C. C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe phosphoprotein scaffold Dishevelled is an essential component of both Wnt signalling and of the signalsome that constitutes the supermolecular ‘punctae’ of assembled proteins often observed in fluorescence microscopy. The C‐terminal region beyond the DEP domain displays unique and interesting character, exploited herein by careful analysis of the primary structure. Human Dishevelled‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and fly Dishevelled (Dsh) sequences were downloaded and interrogated in silico. The C‐terminus of Dishevelled‐3 is revealed by FoldIndex® to be rich in ordered structure. It displays primary sequence that is unique and divergent in important ways from vertebrate isoforms as well as from the fly Dsh. The region is amphipathic, high in prolyl content, and harbours polyprolines. Dishevelled‐3 displays some regions, where the proline content is >40%. Polyprolyl sequences (2–4 residues) likely constitute important sites of interaction with other Dishevelled isoforms. Several histidine‐single amino acid repeats are notable. The 637,638/647,648 repeats of Dvl3 are essential for Wnt non‐canonical, but not canonical signalling. Mutagenesis reveals that the C‐terminal sequence is essential for the formation of punctae, made visible by fluorescence microscopy. These Dvl3‐based signalsomes are very large (25–35 MDa‐MW), supermolecular complexes that display dynamic reorganization in response to Wnt stimulation. Dishevelled‐3 C‐terminus is rich in structure and unique motifs, worthy of detailed analysis with modern molecular tools.
How do they do Wnt they do?: regulation of transcription by the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Archbold H. C. , Yang Y. X. , Chen L. , Cadigan K. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWnt/β‐catenin signalling is known to play many roles in metazoan development and tissue homeostasis. Misregulation of the pathway has also been linked to many human diseases. In this review, specific aspects of the pathway’s involvement in these processes are discussed, with an emphasis on how Wnt/β‐catenin signalling regulates gene expression in a cell and temporally specific manner. The T‐cell factor (TCF) family of transcription factors, which mediate a large portion of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling, will be discussed in detail. Invertebrates contain a single TCF gene that contains two DNA‐binding domains, the high mobility group (HMG) domain and the C‐clamp, which increases the specificity of DNA binding. In vertebrates, the situation is more complex, with four TCF genes producing many isoforms that contain the HMG domain, but only some of which possess a C‐clamp. Vertebrate TCFs have been reported to act in concert with many other transcription factors, which may explain how they obtain sufficient specificity for specific DNA sequences, as well as how they achieve a wide diversity of transcriptional outputs in different cells.
Dual roles for Wnt signalling during the formation of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction
Authors: Henríquez J. P. , Salinas P. C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWnt proteins play prominent roles in different aspects of neuronal development culminating with the formation of complex neuronal circuits. Here, we discuss new studies addressing the function of Wnt signalling at the peripheral neuromuscular junction (NMJ). In both, invertebrate and vertebrate organisms, Wnt signalling promotes and also inhibits the assembly of the neuromuscular synapse. Here, we focus our attention on recent studies at the vertebrate NMJ that demonstrate that some Wnt proteins collaborate with the Agrin‐MuSK signalling to induce post‐synaptic differentiation. In contrast, Wnts that activate the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling inhibit post‐synaptic differentiation. The dual function of different Wnts might finely modulate the proper apposition of the pre‐ and post‐synaptic terminals during NMJ formation and growth.