bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Using Concurrent Capecitabine and Irinotecan in Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Defined Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Impact on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Gollins Simon , Sun Myint Arthur , Haylock Brian , Wise Marcus , Saunders Mark , Neupane Rekha , Essapen Sharadah , Samuel Les , Dougal Mark , Lloyd Arwel , Morris Jackie , Topham Clare , Susnerwala Shabbir 
Published: January 2011

Purpose To assess long-term clinical outcomes of preoperative chemoradiotherapy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–defined locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma using concurrent irinotecan and capecitabine. Patients and Methods One hundred ten patients without distant metastases entered this phase II trial North West/North Wales Clinical Oncology Group (NWCOG) -2 after MRI demonstration of tumor threatening (≤ 2 mm) or involving mesorectal fascia. Pelvic radiotherapy was given to 45 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks with concurrent oral capecitabine at 650 mg/m2 twice per day continuously days 1 through 35 and intravenous irinotecan at 60 mg/m2 once weekly weeks 1 to 4. One hundred seven patients subsequently underwent surgical resection. Results Comparing prechemoradiotherapy MRI scans with histology of the resected specimen, 72 patients (67%) had their initial MRI T stage downstaged and 64 patients (80%) had their N stage downstaged. Twenty-four patients (22%) demonstrated a pathologic complete response (ypCR) and 98 patients (92%) demonstrated a negative circumferential resection margin (> 1 mm). Three-year local recurrence-free survival was 96.9%, metastasis-free survival (MFS) was 71.1%, disease-free survival was (DFS) 63.5%, and overall survival (OS) was 88.2%. By univariate analysis, lower histologic stage was significantly associated with superior MFS, DFS, and OS, whether expressed as ypT0-2 versus ypT3-4, ypN0 versus ypN1-2, or ypCR/microfoci (near-ypCR) versus other patients. By multivariate analysis both ypN stage (P = .048) and ypCR/microfoci/others (P = .013) remained significant predictors of DFS but only ypCR/microfoci/others for OS (P = .005) with no difference in outcome between ypCR compared to microfoci. Conclusion This regimen demonstrates high response rates and promising long-term survival. Downstaging to ypCR/microfoci may be a useful short-term surrogate for long-term survival but needs validation in large phase III trials powered for survival outcomes.
Noonan syndrome gain-of-function mutations inNRAScause zebrafish gastrulation defects
Authors: Runtuwene Vincent , van Eekelen Mark , Overvoorde John , Rehmann Holger , Yntema Helger G. , Nillesen Willy M. , van Haeringen Arie , van der Burgt Ineke , Burgering Boudewijn , Hertog Jeroen den 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYNoonan syndrome is a relatively common developmental disorder that is characterized by reduced growth, wide-set eyes and congenital heart defects. Noonan syndrome is associated with dysregulation of the Ras–mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Recently, two mutations in NRAS were reported to be associated with Noonan syndrome, T50I and G60E. Here, we report a mutation in NRAS, resulting in an I24N amino acid substitution, that we identified in an individual bearing typical Noonan syndrome features. The I24N mutation activates N-Ras, resulting in enhanced downstream signaling. Expression of N-Ras-I24N, N-Ras-G60E or the strongly activating mutant N-Ras-G12V, which we included as a positive control, results in developmental defects in zebrafish embryos, demonstrating that these activating N-Ras mutants are sufficient to induce developmental disorders. The defects in zebrafish embryos are reminiscent of symptoms in individuals with Noonan syndrome and phenocopy the defects that other Noonan-syndrome-associated genes induce in zebrafish embryos. MEK inhibition completely rescued the activated N-Ras-induced phenotypes, demonstrating that these defects are mediated exclusively by Ras-MAPK signaling. In conclusion, mutations in NRAS from individuals with Noonan syndrome activated N-Ras signaling and induced developmental defects in zebrafish embryos, indicating that activating mutations in NRAS cause Noonan syndrome.
Transition State in a Prevented Proton Transfer Observed in Real Time
Authors: Iwakura Izumi , Yabushita Atsushi , Kobayashi Takayoshi 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Direct observation of the molecular structural change during chemical reactions including transition states is desirable to fully clarify the mechanism of chemical reactions. Time-dependent frequency variations in molecular vibration modes reflect structural change in transition states. Ultrafast changes in molecular structure during bond breaking and bond reformation can be clearly visualized using ultrafast spectroscopy. This study elucidated molecular structural information in states along the chemical reaction including transition state in the proton transfer of indigodisulfonate salt. The photoexcited proton transfer was found to follow a stepwise pathway. The monoalcohol intermediate generated by the proton transfer was found to return immediately to the original indigo without proton-transfer configuration. This back reaction of this is the reason for the ultra-photostability of indigo over extremely long exposure to light. This shows that real-time vibrational spectroscopy by a few femtosecond pulse laser enables the observation of dynamic behavior of molecular vibrations during chemical reactions, leading to the clarification of reaction mechanisms or the development of new chemical reactions.
Structures and Luminescence Properties of Cyclometalated Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complexes Bridged by Pyridinethiolate Ions
Authors: Aoki Rie , Kobayashi Atsushi , Chang Ho-Chol , Kato Masako 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A series of cyclometalated dinuclear platinum(II) complexes bridged by pyridine-2-thiolate (pyt) ions, [Pt2(L)2(pyt)2] (HL = 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine (Hptpy), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (Hthpy), or benzo[h]quinoline (Hbzqn)), as well as their two-electron-oxidized dinuclear platinum(III) complexes, [Pt2Cl2(L)2(pyt)2], have been synthesized and characterized. The structures and luminescence properties have been investigated by comparing them with those of the corresponding 2-phenylpyridinato (ppy) complex. All divalent complexes have similar dinuclear frameworks, with short Pt···Pt distances (ca. 2.85 Å), and exhibit similar intense luminescence from the triplet metal–metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MMLCT) state in glassy solutions. However, they provide different luminescence features reflecting their dynamic behaviors in fluid solutions and their intermolecular interactions in the solid state. [Pt2(bzqn)2(pyt)2] containing fused aromatic rings exhibits the most sensitive features to the environment, i.e., it shows the most red-shifted luminescence spectrum in the solid state due to the intermolecular π–π interaction. However, in fluid solution, it provides very weak luminescence based on a rapid nonradiative deactivation mainly caused by the fluctuation of the intramolecular π–π repulsion between the ligands. [Pt2(ptpy)2(pyt)2], on the other hand, is the most stable luminophore, which always exhibits intense luminescence with an almost constant emission maximum independent of its temperature and state.
Measurements of Plasma Methoxytyramine, Normetanephrine, and Metanephrine as Discriminators of Different Hereditary Forms of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Eisenhofer Graeme , Lenders Jacques WM , Timmers Henri , Mannelli Massimo , Grebe Stefan K , Hofbauer Lorenz C , Bornstein Stefan R , Tiebel Oliver , Adams Karen , Bratslavsky Gennady , Linehan W Marston , Pacak Karel 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND
Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-producing tumors derived in more than 30% of cases from mutations in 9 tumor-susceptibility genes identified to date, including von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL); succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B, iron sulfur (Ip) (SDHB); and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein (SDHD). Testing of multiple genes is often undertaken at considerable expense before a mutation is detected. This study assessed whether measurements of plasma metanephrine, normetanephrine, and methoxytyramine, the O-methylated metabolites of catecholamines, might help to distinguish different hereditary forms of the tumor.

METHODS
Plasma concentrations of O-methylated metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in 173 patients with pheochromocytoma, including 38 with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), 10 with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), 66 with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, and 59 with mutations of SDHB or SDHD.

RESULTS
In contrast to patients with VHL, SDHB, and SDHD mutations, all patients with MEN 2 and NF1 presented with tumors characterized by increased plasma concentrations of metanephrine (indicating epinephrine production). VHL patients usually showed solitary increases in normetanephrine (indicating norepinephrine production), whereas additional or solitary increases in methoxytyramine (indicating dopamine production) characterized 70% of patients with SDHB and SDHD mutations. Patients with NF1 and MEN 2 could be discriminated from those with VHL, SDHB, and SDHD gene mutations in 99% of cases by the combination of normetanephrine and metanephrine. Measurements of plasma methoxytyramine discriminated patients with SDHB and SDHD mutations from those with VHL mutations in an additional 78% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS
The distinct patterns of plasma catecholamine O-methylated metabolites in patients with hereditary pheochromocytoma provide an easily used tool to guide cost-effective genotyping of underlying disease-causing mutations.
Myeloperoxidase Improves Risk Stratification in Patients with Ischemia and Normal Cardiac Troponin I Concentrations
Authors: Apple Fred S , Smith Stephen W , Pearce Lesly A , Schulz Karen M , Ler Ranka , Murakami MaryAnn M 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND
We assessed the ability of myeloperoxidase (MPO) to identify the risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients who present with ischemic symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome and have a normal cardiac troponin I (cTnI) value.

METHODS
We used Siemens (n = 400) and Abbott (n = 350) assays to measure MPO and cTnI in plasma samples from 400 patients. Event rates (myocardial infarction, cardiac death, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting) were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank statistic.

RESULTS
At the 30-day follow-up, the adjusted hazard ratios for MACE were 3.9 (P &lt; 0.001) for increased cTnI and 2.7 (P = 0.006) for increased MPO for the Siemens assays and were 5.5 (P &lt; 0.001) for increased cTnI and 2.9 (P = 0.001) for increased MPO for the Abbott assays. Similar findings were observed with 6 months of follow-up. Patients who initially had a normal cTnI value and an increased Siemens MPO value demonstrated a higher rate of MACE at 30 days than those in whom both values were normal (16.1% vs 3.6%, P = 0.002) and 6 months (18.1% vs 5.0%, P = 0.002). Similarly, patients who had an increased Abbott MPO result demonstrated a higher MACE rate at 30 days (12.3% vs 3.9%, P = 0.03) and at 6 months (16.2% vs 5.1%, P = 0.01) than those with normal values.

CONCLUSIONS
A combination of MPO and cTnI allowed the identification of a greater proportion of patients at risk for MACE than the use of cTnI alone. Increased MPO values remained predictive of future cardiac events even when the cTnI value was normal.
Überlegungen zum Adressaten von Eusebs Historia ecclesiastica
Authors: Verdoner Marie 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
In this essay, a prevailing confusion concerning the readership of Eusebius' Historia ecclesiastica is sought to be remedied by virtue of a literary reading of the Historia ecclesiastica as a unified whole. The approach taken does neither intend to find out who actually read the work nor who the intended readers were. Instead of that, the question of the implied readership is raised. It is contended that the Historia ecclesiastica is characterized by an immediate understanding between the reader and the narrator, and that the reader must possess a certain amount of knowledge of Christianity in order to profit from the work. Furthermore, it is shown that the implied reader must able to follow rather technical discussions concerning the genealogy of Christ or the delimitation of the New Testament canon. It follows that the reader should not be regarded as uneducated. While the predominant emic-perspective of the Historia ecclesiastica suggests that the implied readers should be understood as Christians, the apologetic introduction to the work might imply that adversaries of the Christian faith should also be counted among the implied readers. As regards to this problem, the stance of the essay is to regard the adversaries as a secondary audience. Furthermore, it is rejected that the implied readership should also consist of pagans and Jews sympathetic towards Christianity, as these groups are not offered any foothold in the work.
Evaluation of Cutting Edges Made of Nanocrystalline Cemented Carbides Sintered by the Pulse Plasma Method
Authors: Kupczyk Maciej Jan , Michalski Andrzej , Siwak Piotr , Rosinski Marcin 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In our investigations, nanocrystalline WC-5 wt % Co was consolidated by the pulse plasma sintering method at various temperatures between 1320 and 1560 K under a pressure of 60 MPa for 300 s. The cemented carbides sintered at 1520 K have a relative density of 100 %, hardness of 2100 HV30, and tungsten carbides (WC) crystallite size of about 150–300 nm. An increase of the sintering temperature to 1560 K results in the increase of the WC crystallite size to about 300–500 nm and the hardness being decreased to 1980 HV30. The tool life of the cutting edges made of nanocrystalline cemented carbides sintered by the pulse plasma method is increased about two times in comparison with cutting edges made of standard and fine-grained cemented carbides during the turning of EN1.45.40 (1H18N9T) austenitic steel.
Switching Control for a Networked Vision-based Control System
Authors: Chen Chih-Chung , Wu Haiyan , Kühnlenz Kolja , Hirche Sandra 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Advances in communication and computation technology facilitate closed loop control via communication networks. Such networked control systems may include distributed sensors and actuators as well as distributed computational resources. In the field of vision-based control, the possibility of distributed computation is of particular interest due to the large amounts of visual data to be processed. Time-delay caused by data transfer through the network and by processing algorithms impair stability and performance of the controlled closed-loop system. In this article, a novel switching control scheme for networked vision-based control systems is proposed accounting for varying time-delay in order to improve control performance. The closed-loop system is modeled as a continuous system with varying time-delay considering processing and transfer time-delays as well as sampling intervals. Mean exponential stability is proven based on occurrence probabilities of delays. The article concludes with comparative experiments showing a significant improvement of control performance of the proposed approach with respect to a non-switching reference controller.
Robotersysteme für Hochdurchsatzverfahren in der Bioanalysetechnik
Authors: Pfriem Alexander , Schulz Stefan , Pylatiuk Christian , Alshut Rüdiger , Bretthauer Georg 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand des Artikels ist die Automatisierung eines Hochdurchsatzscreens in der Bioanalysetechnik mit dem Zebrabärbling (danio rerio) als Modellorganismus. Typische Fragestellungen in Toxikologie und Genetik bringen große Probenumfänge mit sich, jedoch gibt es für die Durchführung der Untersuchungen bisher kaum Automatisierungstechnik. Mit den im Artikel vorgestellten neuen Robotern zur Bioanalyse können Einzelschritte der Prozesskette vollautomatisch realisiert werden. Die Roboter tragen damit dazu bei, Hochdurchsatzverfahren vollautomatisch und mit großen Probenumfängen durchführen zu können.
The effect of humic acid on the formation and solubility of secondary solid phases (Nd(OH)CO3and Sm(OH)CO3)
Authors: Antoniou S. , Pashalidis Ioannis , Gessner A. , Kumke M. U. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe formation of secondary Ln(III) solid phases (e.g.Nd(OH)CO3and Sm(OH)CO3) has been studied as a function of the humic acid (HA) concentration in 0.1 M NaClO4aqueous solution and their solubility has been investigated in the neutral pH range (6.5–8) under normal atmospheric conditions. Nd(III) and Sm(III) were selected as analogues for trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions. The solid phases under investigation have been prepared by alkaline precipitation and characterized by TGA, ATR-FTIR, XRD, TRLFS, DR-UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, and solubility measurements. The spectroscopic data obtained indicate that Nd(OH)CO3and Sm(OH)CO3are stable and remain the solubility limiting solid phases even in the presence of increased HA concentration (0.5 g/L) in solution. Upon base addition in the Ln(III)-HA system decomplexation of the previously formed Ln(III)-humate complexes and precipitation of two distinct phases occurs, the inorganic (Ln(OH)CO3) and the organic phase (HA), which is adsorbed on the particle surface of the former. Nevertheless, HA affects the particle size of the solid phases. Increasing HA concentration results in decreasing crystallite size of the Nd(OH)CO3and increasing crystallite size of the Sm(OH)CO3solid phase, and affects inversely the solubility of the solid phases. However, this impact on the solid phase properties is expected to be of minor relevance regarding the chemical behavior and migration of trivalent lanthanides and actinides in the geosphere.
Crystal structure of 2,2′-bipyridine complexes of Np(V) and Pu(V) m-nitrobenzoates
Authors: Charushnikova I. A. , Grigoriev M. S. , Krot N. N. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Single crystals of [AnO2(bipy)(OOCC6H4NO2)(H2O)]·0.5bipy (An=Np, Pu, bipy=2,2′-bipyridine) have been synthesized and their structures have been determined by X-ray analysis. The compounds are isomorphous and contain electroneutral complexes [AnO2(bipy)(OOCC6H4NO2)(H2O)] and solvate bipy molecules. Actinide atoms in both compounds are seven coordinated. Actinide contraction results in a shortening of all bonds in the coordination spheres at the transition from Np to Pu. The structures are compared with those of other An(V) benzoate compounds. In contrast to earlier structurally characterized An(V) benzoates, cation–cation interaction in [AnO2(bipy)(OOCC6H4NO2)(H2O)] complexes is absent. Lower complexing ability of m-nitrobenzoate is compensated by engagement of water molecule into the coordination sphere of An(V). This is accompanied by formation of strong H-bonds between AnO2
+ cations and coordinated water molecules.
Liquid chromatographic behavior of lanthanides and actinides on monolith supports
Authors: Datta Arpita , Sivaraman N. , Srinivasan T. G. , Vasudeva Rao P. R. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Burn-up measurement for the fast reactor fuels in general and measurements on short cooled dissolver solutions in particular pose a great challenge due to the high level of radioactivity associated with the solution. An HPLC technique using monolith support has been developed for the first time for the determination of burn-up of fast reactor fuels and applied to the dissolver solution of the FBTR (Fast Breeder Test Reactor, Kalpakkam, India) fuel discharged at nominal burn-up of 150 GWd/t. A dynamic ion-exchange technique developed for the individual separation of lanthanides as well as actinides in connection with the burn-up measurements, has led to separation of all 14 lanthanides in about 2.77 min, the fastest LC technique as of now in literature and has resulted in a significant reduction in analysis time, radiation dose to operator and liquid waste generation. The dissolver solution was injected directly into the HPLC and assayed for lanthanide fission products, uranium, and plutonium using appropriate dilutions. The atom percent fission was calculated based on these measurements and the results are discussed. A reversed-phase chromatographic technique was also employed for the determination of uranium and plutonium in the dissolver solution. The sorption behaviour of uranium and thorium was examined on a monolith support modified with bis-2-ethylhexyl succinamic acid (BEHSA). Rapid separation of uranium from thorium could be achieved in about 20 s on the modified monolith support.
Solvent extraction studies of plutonium(IV) by crown ether dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (C4mimPF6) and 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (C6mimPF6) room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL)
Authors: Lohithakshan K. V. , Aggarwal S. K. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Solvent extraction studies of Pu(IV) from aqueous nitric acid by crown ether (CE) dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (C4mimPF6) and 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (C6mimPF6) room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) were carried out at different temperatures in the range of 298 to 318 K. The least squares analysis of the extraction data indicated the extracted species at 1 M HNO3 aqueous concentration to be cationic complex with the formula Pu(CE)(NO3)2
2+. The thermodynamic parameters evaluated by the temperature coefficient method indicated that the reaction is favoured by decrease in enthalpy and is counteracted by decrease in entropy.
Messunsicherheitsanalyse mittels virtueller Streifenprojektionstechnik auf Grundlage von Polygonmodellen
Authors: Haskamp Klaus , Kästner Markus , Gillhaus Rüdiger , Reithmeier Eduard 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Virtuelle Sensorsysteme können parallel zur Bauteilkonstruktion zur Messbarkeitsprüfung und für Messunsicherheitsuntersuchungen verwendet werden. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, zu entscheiden, ob die funktionsrelevanten Bauteilflächen mit der geforderten Messunsicherheit erfasst werden können. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, mit dem es möglich ist, reale Messunsicherheiten mit Hilfe einer numerischen Computersimulation abzuschätzen. Weiterhin wird die abgeschätzte Unsicherheit mit empirisch abgeschätzten Unsicherheiten verglichen, um die Güte des virtuellen Messsystems zu verifizieren.