bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturally transmitted misbeliefs
Authors: Sperber Dan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMost human beliefs are acquired through communication, and so are most misbeliefs. Just like the misbeliefs discussed by McKay & Dennett (M&D), culturally transmitted misbeliefs tend to result from limitations rather than malfunctions of the mechanisms that produce them, and few if any can be argued to be adaptations. However, the mechanisms involved, the contents, and the hypothetical adaptive value tend to be specific to the cultural case.
Belief in evolved belief systems: Artifact of a limited evolutionary model?
Authors: Wereha Tyler J. , Racine Timothy P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBelief in evolved belief systems stems from using a population-genetic model of evolution that misconstrues the developmental relationship between genes and behaviour, confuses notions of “adapted” and “adaptive,” and ignores the fundamental role of language in the development of human beliefs. We suggest that theories about the evolution of belief would be better grounded in a developmental model of evolution.
Extending the range of adaptive misbelief: Memory “distortions” as functional features
Authors: Boyer Pascal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA large amount of research in cognitive psychology is focused on memory distortions, understood as deviations from various (largely implicit) standards. Many alleged distortions actually suggest a highly functional system that balances the cost of acquiring new information with the benefit of relevant, contextually appropriate decision-making. In this sense many memories may be examples of functionally adaptive misbelief.
Why we don't need built-in misbeliefs
Authors: Dweck Carol S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this commentary, I question the idea that positive illusions are evolved misbeliefs on the grounds that positive illusions are often maladaptive, are not universal, and may be by-products of existing mechanisms. Further, because different beliefs are adaptive in different situations and cultures, it makes sense to build in a readiness to form beliefs rather than the beliefs themselves.
Error management theory and the evolution of misbeliefs
Authors: Haselton Martie G. , Buss David M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe argue that many evolved biases produced through selective forces described by error management theory are likely to entail misbeliefs. We illustrate our argument with the male sexual overperception bias. A misbelief could create motivational impetus for courtship, overcome the inhibiting effects of anxiety about rejection, and in some cases transform an initially sexually uninterested woman into an interested one.
Are delusions biologically adaptive? Salvaging the doxastic shear pin
Authors: Mishara Aaron L. , Corlett Phil 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn their target article, McKay & Dennett (M&D) conclude that only “positive illusions” are adaptive misbeliefs. Relying on overly strict conceptual schisms (deficit vs. motivational, functional vs. organic, perception vs. belief), they prematurely discount delusions asbiologicallyadaptive. In contrast to their view that “motivation” plays a psychological but not a biological function in a two-factor model of the forming and maintenance of delusions, we propose asingleimpairment in prediction-error–driven (i.e., motivational) learning in three stages in which delusions play a biologically adaptive role.
You can't always get what you want: Evolution and true beliefs
Authors: Schloss Jeffrey P. , Murray Michael J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMcKay & Dennett (M&D) convincingly argue against many proposals for adaptively functioning misbelief, but the conclusion that true beliefs are generally adaptive does not follow. Adaptive misbeliefs may be few in kind but many in number; maladaptive misbeliefs may routinely elude selective pruning; reproductively neutral misbeliefs may abound; and adaptively grounded beliefs may reliably covary with but not truthfully represent reality.
Adaptive misbeliefs and false memories
Authors: Sutton John 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMcKay & Dennett (M&D) suggest that some positive illusions are adaptive. But there is a bidirectional link between memory and positive illusions: Biased autobiographical memories filter incoming information, and self-enhancing information is preferentially attended and used to update memory. Extending M&D's approach, I ask if certain false memories might be adaptive, defending a broad view of the psychosocial functions of remembering.
Adaptive self-directed misbeliefs: More than just a rarefied phenomenon?
Authors: Zawidzki Tadeusz W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractI argue that adaptive, self-directed misbeliefs are likely more prevalent and important than McKay & Dennett (M&D) claim. Humans often falsely interpret their own behavior in terms of culturally afforded categories. Despite their falsity, such self-interpretations are often adaptive because of our disposition to behave consistently with them. This makes us easier to interpret by similarly enculturated interactants.
Moulin Rouge! and the Undoing of Opera
Authors: YANG MINA 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhile Moulin Rouge! (2001) riffs on and even exaggerates conventions from classic Hollywood backstage musicals, it owes a clear debt to an even earlier musico-dramatic genre – the opera. Combining operatic and film musical elements with those of pop videos, contemporary cinema and the rave scene, Baz Luhrmann's film engages with many of the thorny issues that have concerned opera critics of late, such as power, gender, exoticism, authorship, and identity construction and performance. The spotlight on the central love triangle of a consumptive courtesan, a writer and a wealthy patron makes possible a deeper scrutiny of traditional gender roles in the production and reception of Western art. The film's formulaic plot and the backstage musical format render transparent the commercial impetus behind the creative process and demystify the role of the Romantic artist-genius. Finally, the transnational and transhistorical elements of the film – a mostly Australian production team and crew, American and British pop songs, a Parisian backdrop, the Bollywood-inspired show-within-a-show, numerous anachronisms that refuse to stay confined within the specified time setting of the late nineteenth century – disrupt the Classical ideals of artistic unity and integrity and suggest new postmodern geographies and temporalities. This article considers how Luhrmann, by simultaneously paying homage to and critiquing operatic practices in Moulin Rouge!, deconstructs and reinvents opera for the postmodern age.
Are the lowest-cost healthful food plans culturally and socially acceptable?
Authors: Maillot Matthieu , Darmon Nicole , Drewnowski Adam 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveNutritious yet inexpensive foods do exist. However, many such foods are rejected by the low-income consumer. Is it because their use violates unspoken social norms? The present study was designed to assess the variety and cost of the lowest-cost market basket of foods that simultaneously met required dietary standards and progressively stricter consumption constraints.DesignA mathematical optimisation model was used to develop the lowest-cost food plans to meet three levels of nutritional requirements and seven levels of consumption constraints.SubjectsThe nationally representative INCA (National Individual Survey of Food Consumption) dietary survey study of 1332 adults provided population estimates of food consumption patterns in France. Food plan costs were based on retail food prices.ResultsThe lowest-cost food plans that provided 9204 kJ/d (2200 kcal/d) for men and 7531 kJ/d (1800 kcal/d) for women and met specified dietary standards could be obtained for <1·50 €/d. The progressive imposition of consumption constraints designed to create more mainstream French diets sharply increased food plan costs, without improving nutritional value.ConclusionsMinimising diet costs, while meeting nutrition standards only, led to food plans that provided little variety and deviated substantially from social norms. Aligning the food plan with mainstream consumption led to higher costs. Food plans designed for low-income groups need to be socially acceptable as well as affordable and nutritious.
Reproducibility of an FFQ validated in Spain
Authors: de la Fuente-Arrillaga Carmen , Vázquez Ruiz Zenaida , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Sampson Laura , Martinez-González Miguel Angel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the reproducibility of a semi-quantitative FFQ used in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) project.DesignThe data that were analysed were collected from an FFQ answered twice by a 326-participant subsample of the SUN project (115 men, 35·3 %; 211 women, 64·7 %), with either less than 1 year or more than 1 year between responses. The questionnaire included 136 items. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to evaluate the magnitude of the association between both measures after energy adjustment and correcting for within-person variability. We also evaluated misclassification by quintiles distribution.ResultsThe highest corrected correlations among participants who answered before 1 year were found for PUFA (r= 0·99). Among participants who answered after 1 year between both questionnaires, olive oil had the highest corrected correlation (r= 0·99). The highest percentage of gross misclassification, lowest quintile in FFQ1 and highest quintile in FFQ2 or highest quintile in FFQ1 and lowest quintile in FFQ2 was for cereals, fish or seafood, andn-3 fatty acids (7·6 %). Alcoholic drinks had the highest percentage of reasonable classification, same or adjacent quintile, in FFQ1 and FFQ2 (86·4 %).ConclusionsOur study suggests that FFQ reproducibility is acceptable for participants who answered the same questionnaire twice less than 1 year apart. Participants who answered FFQ more than 1 year apart showed worse values on reproducibility. We consider this Spanish FFQ as an important, valid and reproducible tool in nutritional epidemiology.
They think they know but do they? Misalignment of perceptions of lifestyle modification knowledge among health professionals
Authors: Parker Whadi-ah , Steyn Nelia P , Levitt Naomi S , Lombard Carl J 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of public-sector primary-care health professionals and final-year students regarding the role of nutrition, physical activity and smoking cessation (lifestyle modification) in the management of chronic diseases of lifestyle within the public health-care sector.DesignA comparative cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was conducted in thirty primary health-care facilities and four tertiary institutions offering medical and/or nursing programmes in Cape Town in the Western Cape Metropole. Stratified random sampling, based on geographical location, was used to select the health facilities while convenience sampling was used to select students at the tertiary institutions. A validated self-administered knowledge test was used to obtain data from the health professionals.ResultsDifferential lifestyle modification knowledge exists among both health professionals and students, with less than 10 % achieving the desired scores of 80 % or higher. The majority of health professionals seem to be promoting the theoretical concepts of lifestyle modification but experience difficulty in providing practical advice to patients. Of the health professionals evaluated, doctors appeared to have the best knowledge of lifestyle modification. Lack of time, lack of patient adherence and language barriers were given as the main barriers to providing lifestyle counselling.ConclusionsThe undergraduate curricula of medical and nursing students should include sufficient training on lifestyle modification, particularly practical advice on diet, physical activity and smoking cessation. Health professionals working at primary health-care facilities should be updated by providing lifestyle modification education as part of continuing medical education.
Easy retrieval of single amino-acid polymorphisms and phenotype information using SwissVar
Authors: Mottaz Anaïs , David Fabrice P.A. , Veuthey Anne-Lise , Yip Yum L. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Summary: The SwissVar portal provides access to a comprehensive collection of single amino acid polymorphisms and diseases in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database via a unique search engine. In particular, it gives direct access to the newly improved Swiss-Prot variant pages. The key strength of this portal is that it provides a possibility to query for similar diseases, as well as the underlying protein products and the molecular details of each variant. In the context of the recently proposed molecular view on diseases, the SwissVar portal should be in a unique position to provide valuable information for researchers and to advance research in this area.
Availability: The SwissVar portal is available at www.expasy.org/swissvar
Contact: anais.mottaz@isb-sib.ch; lina.yip@isb-sib.ch
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Actin Reorganization Underlies Phototropin-Dependent Positioning of Nuclei in Arabidopsis Leaf Cells
Authors: Iwabuchi Kosei , Minamino Ryoko , Takagi Shingo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn epidermal and mesophyll cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, nuclei become relocated in response to strong blue light. We previously reported that nuclear positions both in darkness and in strong blue light are regulated by the blue light receptor phototropin2 in mesophyll cells. Here, we investigate the involvement of phototropin and the actin cytoskeleton in nuclear positioning in epidermal cells. Analysis of geometrical parameters revealed that, in darkness, nuclei were distributed near the center of the cell, adjacent to the inner periclinal wall, independent of cell shape. Dividing the anticlinal wall into concave, convex, and intermediate regions indicated that, in strong blue light, nuclei became relocated preferably to a concave region of the anticlinal wall, nearest the center of the cell. Mutant analyses verified that light-dependent nuclear positioning was regulated by phototropin2, while dark positioning of nuclei was independent of phototropin. Nuclear movement was inhibited by an actin-depolymerizing reagent, latrunculin B, but not by a microtubule-disrupting reagent, propyzamide. Imaging actin organization by immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that thick actin bundles, periclinally arranged parallel to the longest axis of the epidermal cell, were associated with the nucleus in darkness, whereas under strong blue light, the actin bundles, especially in the vicinity of the nucleus, became arranged close to the anticlinal walls. Light-dependent changes in the actin organization were clear in phot1 mutant but not in phot2 and phot1phot2 mutants. We propose that, in Arabidopsis, blue-light-dependent nuclear positioning is regulated by phototropin2-dependent reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.
Characterization ofdrr1, an Alkamide-Resistant Mutant of Arabidopsis, Reveals an Important Role for Small Lipid Amides in Lateral Root Development and Plant Senescence
Authors: Morquecho-Contreras Alina , Méndez-Bravo Alfonso , Pelagio-Flores Ramón , Raya-GonzÁlez Javier , Ortíz-Castro Randy , López-Bucio José 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlkamides belong to a class of small lipid signals of wide distribution in plants, which are structurally related to the bacterial quorum-sensing signals N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings display a number of root developmental responses to alkamides, including primary root growth inhibition and greater formation of lateral roots. To gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms by which these compounds alter plant development, we performed a mutant screen for identifying Arabidopsis mutants that fail to inhibit primary root growth when grown under a high concentration of N-isobutyl decanamide. A recessive N-isobutyl decanamide-resistant mutant (decanamide resistant root [drr1]) was isolated because of its continued primary root growth and reduced lateral root formation in response to this alkamide. Detailed characterization of lateral root primordia development in the wild type and drr1 mutants revealed that DRR1 is required at an early stage of pericycle cell activation to form lateral root primordia in response to both N-isobutyl decanamide and N-decanoyl-l-homoserine lactone, a highly active bacterial quorum-sensing signal. Exogenously supplied auxin similarly inhibited primary root growth and promoted lateral root formation in wild-type and drr1 seedlings, suggesting that alkamides and auxin act by different mechanisms to alter root system architecture. When grown both in vitro and in soil, drr1 mutants showed dramatically increased longevity and reduced hormone- and age-dependent senescence, which were related to reduced lateral root formation when exposed to stimulatory concentrations of jasmonic acid. Taken together, our results provide genetic evidence indicating that alkamides and N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones can be perceived by plants to modulate root architecture and senescence-related processes possibly by interacting with jasmonic acid signaling.
Omeprazole‐induced acute interstitial nephritis is not related to CYP2C19 genotype or CYP2C19 phenotype
Authors: Helsby Nuala A. , Lo Wing‐Yee , Simpson Ian J. , Voss David M. , Logan Kaye E. , Searle Martin , Schollum John B. W. , De Zoysa Janak R. 
Published: January 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Omeprazole‐induced acute interstitial nephritis (OIAIN) is a rare adverse drug reaction. It is typically considered to be an idiosyncratic reaction affecting elderly patients. Omeprazole is a substrate for CYP2C19 and individuals who are homozygous variant for the null allele are poor metabolizers of this drug. These individuals have higher exposure to omeprazole. In the elderly metabolism of omeprazole is reported to be decreased despite a ‘normal activity’ genotype. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS • The CYP2C19 poor metabolizer genotype was not over represented in patients with OIAIN. However, almost a third of the patients appeared to have deficient CYP2C19 function.• Metabolism of omeprazole may be compromised in the elderly and caution should be exercised when using this medication in this group of patients.AIM Omeprazole‐induced acute interstitial nephritis (OIAIN) is a rare adverse event. It is unknown if this is an idiosyncratic immune mediated reaction or if it relates to direct drug toxicity. Individuals who are homozygous for the variant alleles of CYP2C19 are poor metabolizers of omeprazole and have a greater exposure to the drug. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the CYP2C19 poor metabolizer genotype and phenotype in patients with OIAIN.METHODS Twenty patients were genotyped for the CYP2C19 variant alleles (*2, 681G>A and *3, 636G>A) by RFLP‐PCR analysis and eighteen phenotyped for CYP2C19 metabolizer status.RESULTS The frequency of the CYP2C19*2 allelic variant was 12.5%, no *3 allelic variants were detected and no patient was a homozygous variant genotype. This was not different from the expected frequency. 33% of subjects were phenotypically CYP2C19 poor metabolizers.CONCLUSIONS There was discordance between CYP2C19 genotype and phenotype. However, up to 45% of healthy elderly subjects have a poor metabolizer phenotype. Thus neither CYP2C19 poor metabolizer genotype nor phenotype is a risk factor for OIAIN.
Effect of danshen extract on the activity of CYP3A4 in healthy volunteers
Authors: Qiu Furong , Wang Guangji , Zhang Rong , Sun Jianguo , Jiang Jian , Ma Yueming 
Published: January 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Many cytochrome P450 mediated interactions have been reported between drug and herbal medicines. In particular, CYP3A4 is known to play a critical role in several clinically relevant herb‐drug interactions. Midazolam has been reported to be one of the preferredin vivoCYP3A probes.• It has been reported that the lipophilic components of danshen could induce CYP3A in C57BL/6J mice, that cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA of danshen extract could activate human PXR and consequently induce the expression of theCYP3A4gene.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Co‐administration of multiple doses of danshen tablets caused an increase in apparent oral clearance of midazolam by 35.4%, a corresponding decline inCmaxby 31.1% and a decline in AUC(0,∞) by 27.0% in human volunteers. Thet1/2of midazolam and 1‐hydroxymidazolam were not changed, and theCmaxand AUC(0,∞) ratio of midazolam to 1‐hydroxymidazolam were not affected. The results suggested that multiple dose administration of danshen tablets could induce CYP3A4 in the gut, thereby increasing the clearance of midazolam. Therefore, caution should be taken when danshen products containing lipophilic components are used in combination with therapeutic drugs metabolized by CYP3A.AIMSTo assess the effect of danshen extract on CYP3A4 activity using midazolam as anin vivoprobe.METHODSA sequential, open‐label, two‐period pharmacokinetic interaction study design was used to compare midazolam pharmacokinetic parameters before and after 14 days of administration of danshen tablets. Twelve healthy volunteers received a single oral dose (15 mg) of midazolam followed by danshen tablets (four tablets orally, three times a day) for 14 days. On the last day of the study they received four danshen tablets with a 15 mg midazolam tablet and plasma concentrations of midazolam and its corresponding metabolite 1–hydroxylmidazolam were measured prior to and after the administration of danshen tablets periodically for 12 h.RESULTSThe 90% confidence intervals ofCmax,t1/2, CL/Fand AUC(0,∞) of midazolam before and after administration of danshen tablets were (0.559, 0.849), (0.908, 1.142), (1.086, 1.688) and (0.592, 0.921), respectively; and those ofCmax,t1/2and AUC(0,∞) of 1‐hydroxylmidazolam aftervs.before administration of danshen tablets were (0.633, 0.923), (0.801, 1.210) and (0.573, 0.980), respectively. Ratios of geometric LS means ofCmax(1OHMid) : Cmax(Mid)and AUCmax(1OHMid) : AUCmax(Mid)(aftervs.before 14‐day danshen) were 1.072 and 1.035, respectively.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that multiple dose administration of danshen tablets may induce CYP3A4 in the gut. Accordingly, caution should be taken when danshen products are used in combination with therapeutic drugs metabolized by CYP3A.