bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite Detection and the Discovery of Bloody Marsh
Authors: Brennan Michael L. , Thiemann Geoffrey , Jeffery William 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAssessment and mitigation of potentially polluting wrecks in deeper water is a more challenging endeavor due to limitations of divers and operating pumping equipment at depth, but additionally because locating these wrecks is harder. While these wrecks in deep water are more out of sight and out of mind, even when leaking, than those near shore, they are safer from damage by dredges, trawls or other anthropogenic activities. The wreck of the tanker SS Bloody Marsh, reportedly sunk off South Carolina on July 2, 1943 in 560 m of water, was considered a lower risk in NOAA’s PPW study due to its location in deep water, which the NOAA Screening Level Risk Assessment Packages typically considered as less risk: ‘deepwater shipwrecks tend to settle upright on the bottom, and is supported by the conclusions made by the U.S. Coast Guard in 1967 that oil will likely escape from a wreck’s vents and piping long before its hull plates corrode’ (NOAA, 2013b: 6). This, however, is a conclusion that needs to be reconsidered. Bloody Marsh was carrying a cargo of 106,496 barrels of bunker C heavy fuel oil, which is one of the largest cargoes among the vessels on the PPW list. In reviewing the 87 wrecks on the list, we selected Bloody Marsh as a high priority because of its large cargo and the fact that it was struck with two torpedoes and reportedly broke in half while sinking. Only ships with intact hulls would settle upright on the seabed, and therefore presumed Bloody Marsh did not.
Wozu teure Ursprungsregeln im Handel?
Authors: Ammann Manuel J. , Jaeggi Timon 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Freihandel hat es schwer. So wollen z. B. Kanada und die EU mit dem Freihandelsabkommen CETA den gegenseitigen Handel mit reduzierten Zöllen begünstigen und ihre Wirtschaft beleben. Andere Handelspartner bleiben aussen vor. Ein Ursprungsnachweis soll verhindern, dass Unternehmen aus Drittstaaten mit Umgehungsgeschäften die Vorzugszölle ausnutzen. In den meisten Fällen sind jedoch solche Umgehungsgeschäfte ohnehin nicht profitabel, weil die zusätzlichen Transport-, Vertrags- und Rechtskosten wesentlich grösser sind als die Zollvorteile.
Ist Handel ansteckend oder stabilisierend?
Authors: Mündlein Tabea 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungHandel ist ansteckend. Ist eine Region im Boom, dann profitieren in anderen Regionen die Exporteure von Konsumgütern und die Zulieferer. Dank intensiver Handelsbeziehungen können auch sie am Boom teilhaben und mehr Beschäftigung und Wachstum erzielen. In der Krise passiert das Gegenteil. Starke Handelsverflechtungen führen zu einer Ausbreitung der Rezession. Am Ende sitzen jedoch alle in einem Boot. Im Boom fliesst Kaufkraft ab und stärkt in anderen Regionen einen schwächeren Konjunkturgang. Stürzt eine Region in die Rezession, tragen andere Bundesstaaten, die noch wenig betroffen sind und das besser verkraften können, den Einbruch mit. So kann ein Handelsraum sich gegenseitig stützen und insgesamt die Konjunkturschwankungen dämpfen.
Was ist Flexibilität den Arbeitnehmern wert?
Authors: Kunzelmann Patrick 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDigitale Plattformen wie der Fahrdienst Uber bringen viele einzelne Anbieter und Nachfrager zusammen. Sie bieten allen Teilnehmern ein hohes Mass an Flexibilität. Ein Uberfahrer kann z. B. spontan entscheiden, ob er einen Auftrag annimmt oder nicht. Doch wie sehr schätzen Arbeitnehmer die grosse Flexibilität solcher Plattformen? Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass die flexiblen Arbeitszeiten den Fahrern signifikante Wohlfahrtsgewinne versprechen. Verglichen mit traditionellen Arbeitsverhältnissen mögen solche Arrangements zwar bedeutende Nachteile haben, ein wichtiger Mehrwert liegt aber in ihrer hohen Flexibilität.
Wie viel Reichtum verhindern Vermögenssteuern?
Authors: Mündlein Tabea 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Reichtum eines Landes besteht im Wert der Produktionsanlagen, welche die Unternehmen betreiben, und der Immobilien mit dem Boden, welche Haushalte und Unternehmen nutzen. Auch der Staat häuft Vermögen in Form von öffentlicher Infrastruktur an, die alle nutzen. Angesichts der Konzentration der Finanz- und Immobilienvermögen bei den Reichsten stehen Vermögenssteuern zunehmend im Brennpunkt der Diskussion, um die Ungleichheit zu mindern. Die Vermögenssteuern zahlen die Reichen, denn nur bei ihnen ist das Vermögen konzentriert. Doch was sind die Konsequenzen? Wie viel Vermögen verhindern die Vermögenssteuern?
Autophagy initiation triggers p150Glued–AP-2β interaction on the lysosomes and facilitates their transport
Authors: Tempes Aleksandra , Bogusz Karolina , Brzozowska Agnieszka , Weslawski Jan , Macias Matylda , Tkaczyk Oliver , Orzoł Katarzyna , Lew Aleksandra , Calka-Kresa Malgorzata , Bernas Tytus , Szczepankiewicz Andrzej A. , Mlostek Magdalena , Kumari Shiwani , Liszewska Ewa , Machnicka Katarzyna , Bakun Magdalena , Rubel Tymon , Malik Anna R. , Jaworski Jacek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe endocytic adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) complex binds dynactin as part of its noncanonical function, which is necessary for dynein-driven autophagosome transport along microtubules in neuronal axons. The absence of this AP-2-dependent transport causes neuronal morphology simplification and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms that lead to formation of the AP-2-dynactin complex have not been studied to date. However, the inhibition of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) enhances the transport of newly formed autophagosomes by influencing the biogenesis and protein interactions of Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), another dynein cargo adaptor. We tested effects of mTORC1 inhibition on interactions between the AP-2 and dynactin complexes, with a focus on their two essential subunits, AP-2β and p150Glued. We found that the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin enhanced p150Glued–AP-2β complex formation in both neurons and non-neuronal cells. Additional analysis revealed that the p150Glued–AP-2β interaction was indirect and required integrity of the dynactin complex. In non-neuronal cells rapamycin-driven enhancement of the p150Glued–AP-2β interaction also required the presence of cytoplasmic linker protein 170 (CLIP-170), the activation of autophagy, and an undisturbed endolysosomal system. The rapamycin-dependent p150Glued–AP-2β interaction occurred on lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp-1)-positive organelles but without the need for autolysosome formation. Rapamycin treatment also increased the acidification and number of acidic organelles and increased speed of the long-distance retrograde movement of Lamp-1-positive organelles. Altogether, our results indicate that autophagy regulates the p150Glued–AP-2β interaction, possibly to coordinate sufficient motor-adaptor complex availability for effective lysosome transport.
Group-Invariant Max Filtering
Authors: Cahill Jameson , Iverson Joseph W. , Mixon Dustin G. , Packer Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiven a real inner product spaceVand a groupGof linear isometries, we construct a family ofG-invariant real-valued functions onVthat we callmax filters. In the case where$$V={\mathbb {R}}^d$$V=RdandGis finite, a suitable max filter bank separates orbits, and is even bilipschitz in the quotient metric. In the case where$$V=L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d)$$V=L2(Rd)andGis the group of translation operators, a max filter exhibits stability to diffeomorphic distortion like that of the scattering transform introduced by Mallat. We establish that max filters are well suited for various classification tasks, both in theory and in practice.
Gynecologic Oncology Needs for Trans-Masculine and Trans Feminine Persons
Authors: Rimel B. J. , Murphy Luke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Persons with gender identity that is not congruent with their sex assigned at birth have unique needs in relationship to gynecologic malignancy screening and treatment. Providers of gynecologic oncology care require knowledge of these specific concerns and inclusive practices to avoid under screening and offer evidence-based treatments. This review seeks to collate data on the most common clinical situations gynecologic oncology providers encounter.

Recent Findings
Transmasculine persons who have a cervix need access to appropriate prevention and screening for cervical cancer but may face obstacles to obtaining this care. Transfeminine persons may develop HPV infection of the neovagina but cancer development rare and prevention is largely unknown. Abnormal uterine bleeding in transmasculine persons either taking gender affirming hormone therapy or not can present a diagnostic challenge which requires careful consideration to rule out malignancy. Concerns about testosterone use and the relationship of androgen receptor to ovarian cancer progression have been raised but conclusive data is lacking. There are no effective strategies for ovarian cancer screening and unnecessary exams should be avoided.

Summary
Large population based studies are needed to develop evidence based HPV screening guidelines that align with reproductive organ inventories, rather than gender or simply sex assigned at birth. HPV vaccination, utilization of HPV self swab in those for whom pelvic examination is dysphoric and careful evaluation of neovaginal tissue are first steps in reducing HPV related cancer burden. In addition, providers need to carefully evaluate abnormal uterine bleeding in transmasculine persons in gender inclusive ways to adequately detect endometrial pathology. Androgen receptor presence on ovarian cancer remains a biologic concern for transmasculine persons on gender affirming hormone therapy but risk of ovarian cancer appears small. Further long term studies of testosterone hormone therapy in this population are needed.
Effect of various geopolymerization parameters on poor quality Afşin-Elbistan fly ash-based geopolymer concretes with ground granulated blast furnace slag
Authors: Sevinç Ahmet Hayrullah , Durgun Muhammed Yasin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe utilization of Afşin-Elbistan fly ash (FA), which cannot be used in cement and concrete industry in production of geopolymers, has been studied with some preliminary trials. In this study, FA of Afşin-Elbistan thermal power plant, which does not fit any of FA classes according to ASTM C 618, was used as a geopolymer binder raw material. The main motivation of the study is to investigate the partial usability of this type of FA, which is not sufficient on its own and creates a large amount of waste, as a geopolymer raw material. FA was replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) by the ratios of 25% and 50% (by weights) in order to develop the properties of geopolymer concrete. Sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH) (10 and 14 M) were used as activators. Three different activator to binder ratios (0.45, 0.55 and 0.65) and three SS/SH ratios (0.75, 1.0 and 1.5) were chosen. Unit weight, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were performed for 28 and 60 days. In order to investigate the microstructure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. As a result, GGBFS incorporation enhanced the properties of Afşin-Elbistan FA-based geopolymer concrete. With the increase of GGBFS content, the compressive strength values increased. The highest strengths were obtained from 50% GGBFS groups. The results revealed that Afşin-Elbistan FA (AEFA), which has the highest waste reserve among the thermal power plant fly ashes in Turkey, could be evaluated as partial geopolymer raw material.
Graphical abstract
Cross-Education of Muscular Endurance: A Scoping Review
Authors: Song Jun Seob , Yamada Yujiro , Kataoka Ryo , Hammert William B. , Kang Anna , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
It is well established that performing unilateral resistance training can increase muscle strength not only in the trained limb but also in the contralateral untrained limb, which is widely known as the cross-education of strength. However, less attention has been paid to the question of whether performing unilateral resistance training can induce cross-education of muscular endurance, despite its significant role in both athletic performance and activities of daily living.

Objectives
The objectives of this scoping review were to provide an overview of the existing literature on cross-education of muscular endurance, as well as discuss its potential underlying mechanisms and offer considerations for future research.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted on the effects of unilateral resistance training on changes in muscular endurance in the contralateral untrained limb. This scoping review was conducted in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus.

Results
A total of 2000 articles were screened and 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among the 21 included studies, eight studies examined the cross-education of endurance via absolute (n = 6) or relative (n = 2) muscular endurance test, while five studies did not clearly indicate whether they examined absolute or relative muscular endurance. The remaining eight studies examined different types of muscular endurance measurements (e.g., time to task failure, total work, and fatigue index).

Conclusion
The current body of the literature does not provide sufficient evidence to draw clear conclusions on whether the cross-education of muscular endurance is present. The cross-education of muscular endurance (if it exists) may be potentially driven by neural adaptations (via bilateral access and/or cross-activation models that lead to cross-education of strength) and increased tolerance to exercise-induced discomfort. However, the limited number of available randomized controlled trials and the lack of understanding of underlying mechanisms provide a rationale for future research.
A schedule for tapering glucocorticoid treatment in patients with severe SARS-CoV 2 infection can prevent acute adrenal insufficiency in the geriatric population
Authors: Tizianel Irene , Ruggiero Elena , Torchio Marianna , Simonato Matteo , Seresin Chiara , Bigolin Francesco , Botta Ilaria Pivetta , Bano Giulia , Lo Storto Mario Rosario , Scaroni Carla , Ceccato Filippo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective and design
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used in symptomatic patients for the treatment of COVID-19. The risk for adrenal insufficiency must be considered after GC withdrawal given that it is a life-threatening condition if left unrecognized and untreated. Our study aimed to diagnose adrenal insufficiency early on through a GC reduction schedule in patients with COVID-19 infection.

Patients and measurements
From November 2021 to May 2022, 233 patients were admitted to the Geriatric Division of the University Hospital of Padova with COVID-19 infection. A total of 122 patients were treated with dexamethasone, after which the GC tapering was performed according to a structured schedule. It consists of step-by-step GC tapering with prednisone, from 25 mg to 2.5 mg over 2 weeks. Morning serum sodium, potassium, and cortisol levels were assessed 3 days after the last dose of prednisone.

Results
At the end of GC withdrawal, no adrenal crisis or signs/symptoms of acute adrenal insufficiency were reported. Median serum cortisol, sodium, and potassium levels after GC discontinuation were, respectively, 427 nmol/L, 140 nmol/L, and 4 nmol/L (interquartile range 395–479, 138–142, and 3.7–4.3). A morning serum cortisol level below the selected threshold of 270 nmol/L was observed in two asymptomatic cases (respectively, 173 and 239 nmol/L, reference range 138–690 nmol/L). Mild hyponatremia (serum sodium 132 to 134 nmol/L, reference range 135–145 nmol/L) was detected in five patients, without being related to cortisol levels.

Conclusions
A structured schedule for the tapering of GC treatment used in patients with severe COVID-19 can reduce the risk of adrenal crisis and acute adrenal insufficiency.
Improving shared decision-making around antimicrobial-prescribing during the end-of-life period: a qualitative study of Veterans, their support caregivers and their providers
Authors: Goedken Cassie Cunningham , Balkenende Erin , Livorsi Daniel , Giannitrapani Karleen , McCaa Matthew , Clore Gosia , Goto Michihiko , Marra Alexandre R. , Perencevich Eli N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Antimicrobials are frequently used for palliation during end-of-life care, but adverse effects, such as antimicrobial resistance, are a concern. Shared decision-making is beneficial in end-of-life care conversations to help align antimicrobial-prescribing with patient preferences. However, there is limited data regarding optimal incorporation of antimicrobial-prescribing discussions into shared decision-making conversations. We explored healthcare provider, patient, and support caregiver (eg, family member/friend) perceptions of barriers and facilitators to discussing antimicrobial-prescribing during the end-of-life period.

Design:
Qualitative study.

Participants:
Healthcare providers; palliative care/hospice care patients/caregivers.

Methods:
We conducted semi-structured interviews on shared attitudes/beliefs about antimicrobial-prescribing during end-of-life patient care at one acute-care and one long-term-care facility. Interviews were analyzed for thematic content.

Results:
Fifteen providers and 13 patients/caregivers completed interviews. Providers recognized the potential benefit of leveraging shared decision-making to guide antimicrobial-prescribing decisions. Barriers included limited face-to-face time with the patient and uncertainty of end-of-life prognosis. Patients/caregivers cited trust, comprehension, and feeling heard as important characteristics which act as facilitators in fostering effective shared decision-making around antimicrobial use. Communication in which providers ensure patients are involved in shared decision-making discussions could be increased to ensure patients and their providers develop a mutually agreeable care plan.

Conclusions:
Shared decision-making is a practice that can guide antimicrobial-prescribing decisions during end-of-life care, thus potentially minimizing antimicrobial-related adverse effects. Our findings highlight opportunities for increased shared decision-making around antimicrobial use during end-of-life care. Interventions designed to address the identified barriers to shared decision-making have the potential to improve antimicrobial-prescribing practices at end-of-life.
The impact of direct inoculation of ascites into blood culture bottles on ascites culture positivity
Authors: Brehm Tyler , Lasco Todd , Al Mohajer Mayar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Assess whether direct inoculation of ascites into blood culture bottles would improve ascites culture yield.

Design:
Pre-post-study.

Setting:
The study was performed at a quaternary academic medical center in Houston, Texas, including all inpatient and emergency department encounters.

Patients:
Ascites cultures collected from November 2020 to December 2022 were reviewed and screened for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Patients were excluded if a prior ascites culture from the same patient was already included in the study or if there was evidence of secondary bacterial peritonitis.

Intervention:
In the pre-intervention period, ascites cultures were collected into a sterile container and inoculated onto/into solid and liquid media. In the post-intervention period, ascites cultures were instead directly inoculated into bioMérieux© blood culture bottles at the bedside.

Results:
114 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria, 61 pre-intervention and 53 post-intervention. Overall ascites culture positivity was 15.8% (18/114), 11.5% (7/61) pre-intervention vs 20.8% (11/53) post-intervention. After adjusting for confounders, the intervention had a trend toward a significant effect on ascites culture positivity (P = 0.077). No significant differences were seen in time to positivity, hospital length of stay, or 30-day readmission.

Conclusions:
Direct inoculation of ascitic fluid into blood culture bottles led to a small increase in culture yield but lacked statistical significance. This lack of significance may be due to the study being underpowered. Further studies are required to investigate if this is due to procedural inefficiencies (eg, inadequate inoculation volumes) or pragmatic clinical practice considerations (ie, high rates of pre-culture antibiotics).
Synthetic Replacements for Human Survey Data? The Perils of Large Language Models
Authors: Bisbee James , Clinton Joshua D. , Dorff Cassy , Kenkel Brenton , Larson Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) offer new research possibilities for social scientists, but their potential as “synthetic data” is still largely unknown. In this paper, we investigate how accurately the popular LLM ChatGPT can recover public opinion, prompting the LLM to adopt different “personas” and then provide feeling thermometer scores for 11 sociopolitical groups. The average scores generated by ChatGPT correspond closely to the averages in our baseline survey, the 2016–2020 American National Election Study (ANES). Nevertheless, sampling by ChatGPT is not reliable for statistical inference: there is less variation in responses than in the real surveys, and regression coefficients often differ significantly from equivalent estimates obtained using ANES data. We also document how the distribution of synthetic responses varies with minor changes in prompt wording, and we show how the same prompt yields significantly different results over a 3-month period. Altogether, our findings raise serious concerns about the quality, reliability, and reproducibility of synthetic survey data generated by LLMs.
Generalizing toward Nonrespondents: Effect Estimates in Survey Experiments Are Broadly Similar for Eager and Reluctant Participants
Authors: Moniz Philip , Ramirez-Perez Rodrigo , Hartman Erin , Jessee Stephen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSurvey experiments on probability samples are a popular method for investigating population-level causal questions due to their strong internal validity. However, lower survey response rates and an increased reliance on online convenience samples raise questions about the generalizability of survey experiments. We examine this concern using data from a collection of 50 survey experiments which represent a wide range of social science studies. Recruitment for these studies employed a unique double sampling strategy that first obtains a sample of “eager” respondents and then employs much more aggressive recruitment methods with the goal of adding “reluctant” respondents to the sample in a second sampling wave. This approach substantially increases the number of reluctant respondents who participate and also allows for straightforward categorization of eager and reluctant survey respondents within each sample. We find no evidence that treatment effects for eager and reluctant respondents differ substantially. Within demographic categories often used for weighting surveys, there is also little evidence of response heterogeneity between eager and reluctant respondents. Our results suggest that social science findings based on survey experiments, even in the modern era of very low response rates, provide reasonable estimates of population average treatment effects among a deeper pool of survey respondents in a wide range of settings.