bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and bronchiectasis: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Zehu , Li Xuegang , Shi Honglei , Huang Yiying , Liu Jing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological observational studies have elucidated a correlation between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and bronchiectasis. However, the causal nature of this association remains ambiguous. To clarify this potential causal linkage, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the bidirectional causality between RA and bronchiectasis.

Methods
Summary statistics for RA and bronchiectasis were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS database We employed various methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode, to explore potential causal links between RA and bronchiectasis. Additionally, a series of sensitivity studies, such as Cochran’s Q test, MR Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis, were conducted to assess the MR analysis’s accuracy further.

Results
In the forward MR analysis, the primary analysis indicated that a genetic predisposition to RA correlated with an increased risk of bronchiectasis in European populations (IVW odds ratio (OR): 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–1.37, p = 1.18E-13). Comparable results were noted in the East Asian subjects (IVW OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.30–1.34, p = 8.33E-07). The OR estimates from the other four methods were consistent with those obtained from the IVW method. Sensitivity analysis detected no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Conversely, in the reverse MR analysis, we found no evidence to support a genetic causality between bronchiectasis and RA in either European or East Asian populations.

Conclusion
This study indicates that genetic predisposition to RA correlates with a heightened risk of bronchiectasis in both European and East Asian populations. These results imply that routine screening for bronchiectasis in RA patients could be beneficial, and effective management of RA may contribute to a reduced risk of bronchiectasis. Future research should aim to clarify the underlying mechanisms linking these two conditions.
Negative correlation between metabolic score for insulin resistance index and testosterone in male adults
Authors: Li ChunMei , Xu Jing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance (IR) is strongly correlated with the decreased deficiency of testosterone levels in males. The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index is regarded as an innovative measure for the assessment on IR. The research aims to explore the correlation between the METS-IR index and the testosterone levels in males.

Methods
In this study, a cross-sectional design was made through the data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2020. Besides, the METS-IR index was derived from serum triglyceride levels, fasting plasma glucose, HDL-C and BMI.

Results
A total of 2082 participants were included in the final analysis. After controlling for confounding variables, it was found that METS-IR was independently and negatively correlated with testosterone levels (β = −3.88, 95% CI = −4.49, −3.27, P < 0.001). As shown by the generalized smooth curve fitting, METS-IR had a linear correlation with testosterone levels without threshold or saturation effects, which was consistently observed across all subgroups through stratified analysis (all P > 0.05). As revealed by the analysis on the ROC curve, the area under the curve (AUC) for the METS-IR index (0.732, 95% CI = 0.705, 0.760) was significantly larger than that of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TG/HDL ratio, triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and body mass index (BMI).

Conclusion
The findings suggest a negative relationship between the METS-IR index and the testosterone levels in male adults. Furthermore, the METS-IR index demonstrates superior predictive ability for testosterone deficiency in comparison to HOMA-IR, TG/HDL ratio, TyG and BMI.
External transmitter attachment in snakes: a systematic review of methods, efficacy, and impacts
Authors: Christensen Tyler , Fantuzzi Jason 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The advent of telemetry has revolutionized wildlife research in recent decades. For telemetry to be effective, transmitting devices must remain attached to study animals throughout a period of interest and without impacting pertinent behaviors. Surgical implantation remains the most common method used to attach transmitters to snakes, but concerns about the effects of transmitter implantation on snake health and behavior have motivated many researchers to opt for external transmitter attachments. Despite the increasing use and diversification of external transmitter attachment techniques in snake research, to date there have been no comprehensive reviews examining the methods, efficacies, and adverse impacts reported in the literature. We therefore conducted a systematic review of past research involving external attachment of transmitters on wild snakes. We extracted data from relevant studies to determine whether and how snake traits and transmitter attachment details correlated with efficacy and likelihood of adverse effects.

Results
The 54 cases that met inclusion criteria covered 33 species and 3 families. External attachment was biased toward smaller-bodied snakes (median = 186 g), although larger snakes had longer retention durations. Adverse impacts were reported in 37% of studies (n = 20), and included altered behavior and movement, skin wounds at the attachment site, and death. Smaller snakes were more likely to exhibit adverse impacts from attached transmitters. Except for caudal attachments in rattlesnakes, attachment method did not have a significant effect on attachment duration. However, attachment method did influence the probability of causing adverse effects, with glue being the most likely to cause negative impacts.

Conclusions
Externally attaching transmitters to snakes is an increasingly popular alternative to surgical implantation. To provide guidance to researchers considering this approach, we conclude our systematic review with recommendations for attaching external transmitters to snakes. Actions such as minimizing transmitter weight and protrusion, using shorter and stiffer antennas, and using flexible adhesives may help to avoid commonly reported problems. We encourage more consistency in reporting methodological details and results pertaining to efficacy and animal welfare.
Illness cognition and associated socio-demographic and clinical factors in parents of children with leukemia
Authors: Han Jing , Zhang Li , Yang Feng , Wang Linlin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Illness cognition is an important mediator between psychological and behavioral adjustment and the quality of life for patients and their caregivers. Evidence related to illness cognition among parents of children with leukemia is limited. The purpose of this study is to explore the illness cognition status and associated factors in parents of children with leukemia.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with the parents of 335 children with leukemia from three general children’s hospitals in China from January to December 2022. A parents’ version of the illness cognition questionnaire was used to collect data. This included three subscales: helplessness, acceptance, and perceived benefits.

Results
The mean scores of helplessness, acceptance and perceived benefits of parents regarding their children’s disease were 15.56 (4.60), 16.25 (4.41), and 19.96 (3.69) respectively. The multiple regression model indicated seven factors associated with the parents’ illness cognition (adjusted R [2] ranged from 0.182 to 0.134): four socio-demographic factors (parent’s age, role, education level, and family income) and three clinical factors (length of time spent each day caring for the child, the child’s age at diagnosis, and the duration of the disease).

Conclusion
This study reports on different levels of illness cognition and associated factors among parents of children with leukemia. The results may help pediatric oncology medical staff identify risk factors for poor psychological adjustment to children’s diseases. Parents may benefit from psychological support aimed at improving positive illness cognition.
Effect of carbon reduction policies on economic growth from a dual carbon perspective
Authors: Wang Xiaowen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study focuses on the energy consumption (EC) and environmental pollution caused by carbon consumption in China’s development. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is selected as the primary focus of investigation. To gain insight into the relationship between China’s economic growth (EG) and carbon reduction (CR), two major research elements, the impact of each on the other is examined. The study mainly uses decoupling models and influence models to analyze the decoupling relationship and effectiveness between CR and EG. The research results showed that there was a difference between long-term and short-term effects. The short-term effect in the YRD region was manifested as a continuously improving decoupling state, while the long-term effect was manifested as the significant impact of population and per capita Gross Domestic Product on CR. The effect value of EC factor was 0.43, while the effect value of CR factor was 0.07. In functional comparison, the role of EC factors was more significant.
Internationalisation of non-financial social and solidarity economy cooperatives: case study in Ecuador
Authors: Moreira-Menéndez Mercedes , Pico-Saltos Roberto , Zambrano Carlos Edison 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInternationalisation is a way for companies' growth and economic development in transition economies with the potential to contribute to a more sustainable world. Social and solidarity economy cooperatives (SSECs) have a lower internationalisation trend than developed economy companies due to their aversion to possible economic losses and lack of knowledge of the global market. This study aims to propose an internationalisation model for non-financial SSECs through factor analysis and evolutionary genetic computing to improve structural competitiveness within the framework of sustainable development in an emerging country. The study methodology includes: (1) information analysis related to internationalisation indicators; (2) statistical analysis of variables from the national survey of popular and solidarity economy organisations; (3) internationalisation model through a genetic algorithm; and (4) strategies related to sustainability. The results show internationalisation models with significant indicators such as number of partners, social capital, social benefit, access to international markets and employment. These models have goodness of fit with a high degree of precision (> 80%) and are a novel proposal to estimate the internationalisation of social capital cooperatives.
Effect of Corticosteroid on Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Solid Cancer
Authors: Samdaengpan Chayanee , Sungkasubun Prakongboon , Chaiwiriyawong Worawit , Supavavej Archara , Siripaibun Jomtana , Phanthunane Chumut , Tantiyavarong Walaipan , Lamlertthon Wisut , Ungtrakul Teerapat , Tawinprai Kriangkrai , Soonklang Kamonwan , Thongchai Thitapha , Limpawittayakul Piyarat 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE Corticosteroids are known to diminish immune response ability, which is generally used in routine premedication for chemotherapy. The intersecting of timeframe between the corticosteroid's duration of action and peak COVID-19 vaccine efficacy could impair vaccine immunogenicity. Thus, inquiring about corticosteroids affecting the efficacy of vaccines to promote effective immunity in this population is needed. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal observational cohort study that enrolled patients with solid cancer classified into dexamethasone- and nondexamethasone-receiving groups. All participants were immunized with two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or CoronaVac vaccines. This study's purpose was to compare corticosteroid's effect on immunogenicity responses to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in patients with cancer after two doses of COVID-19 vaccine in the dexamethasone and nondexamethasone group. Secondary outcomes included the postimmunization anti–spike (S) immunoglobin G (IgG) seroconversion rate, the association of corticosteroid dosage, time duration, and immunogenicity level. RESULTS Among the 161 enrolled patients with solid cancer, 71 and 90 were in the dexamethasone and nondexamethasone groups, respectively. The median anti–S IgG titer after COVID-19 vaccination in the dexamethasone group was lower than that in the nondexamethasone group with a statistically significant difference (47.22 v 141.09 U/mL, P = .035). The anti–S IgG seroconversion rate was also significantly lower in the dexamethasone group than in the nondexamethasone group (93.83% v 80.95%, P = .023). The lowest median anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer level at 7.89 AU/mL was observed in patients with the highest dose of steroid group (≥37 mg of dexamethasone cumulative dose throughout the course of chemotherapy [per course]) and patients who were injected with COVID-19 vaccines on the same day of receiving dexamethasone, 25.41 AU/mL. CONCLUSION Patients with solid cancer vaccinated against COVID-19 disease while receiving dexamethasone had lower immunogenicity responses than those who got vaccines without dexamethasone. The direct association between the immunogenicity level and steroid dosage, as well as length of duration from vaccination to dexamethasone, was observed.
Prisons, Immigration, and the Right to a Livable Life in the Anthropocene: Reading Garrett Hardin and Michel Foucault
Authors: Marzec Robert P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Critical work theorizing the nature of immigration imprisonment in relation to anthropogenically influenced ecological phenomena is in its infancy. Scholars have productively made sense of the modern carceral state's expansion by locating it within the framework of race and neoliberalism, registering the collateral damage essential to Western European whiteness and a neoliberal problematic. These framings of migrant incarceration continue to effectively serve a critical function. However, this essay argues that the historical character of immigration incarceration is in the process of changing in the face of real and imagined Anthropocene impacts. Increasingly, immigration is the result of ecological collapse, and taking race and neoliberalism as primary frameworks for understanding forces subtending the carceral system has become critically restrictive. This essay develops an environmental genealogy from historical references within Michel Foucault's work on the relationship between land enclosures and rise of the prison, in order to establish a larger constellation in which to think the event of immigration incarceration today. The essay places Foucault's work in conversation with the work of prominent ecologist and white nationalist Garrett Hardin, whose concurrent pro-enclosure work on immigration and the environment inaugurated a coercive truth discourse that has come to impact not only ecological disciplines in the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the environmental humanities but also current US immigration policy.
Empson Here and Now?
Authors: Arac Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In light of Oxford University Press issuing two volumes in The Critical Works of William Empson (Some Versions of Pastoral [1935] and The Structure of Complex Words [1951]), this essay thinks over Empson's career and major works to consider what his value may be nearly a century after his first book, with special attention to problems that Empson's Englishness may pose to readers in the United States.
Black Transfeminist Anarchism
Authors: betts edxi , Suékama NZ , g  , Hwang Ren-yo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This roundtable is a place-based conversation on Black anarchism, transfeminism, and transmisogynoir with edxi betts, NZ Suékama, and g, three Black trans femme activists, organizers, and independent scholars. Moving deftly between topics like Marxism, Afro-pessimism, and abolition, this roundtable outlines problems of co-optation within radical-movement work and critiques Eurocentric modes of knowledge production. Through organic relations built within organizing spaces, special issue editor Ren-yo Hwang reached out to edxi betts to be part of this featured roundtable, and edxi, in turn, contacted NZ Suékama, who connected us with her frequent interlocutor, g. Edxi first encountered NZ's intellectual writings online, in 2020, offering that “it was refreshing and affirming seeing another Black trans femme go through such similar issues of having to navigate liberal, statist, respectable, and even white anarchist politics.” Likewise, NZ recounts first meeting “both g and edxi on social media, connecting individually around theories of transmisogynoir as well as critiques of abuse in leftist organizations.” NZ and g describe themselves as “theoretical co-conspirators, both publishing our ideas with Red Voice,” an online publication. NZ, edxi, and g had an opportunity to review and edit their contributions, and this issue's guest editors sought to honor the flow of their conversation as much as possible by retaining its conversational syntax, which purposefully rejects traditional academic forms.
On “Deadnaming” the “Vanishing Indian”
Authors: Pehl Emerson Parker 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recently, deadnaming has been the predominant terminology invoked to describe the act of referring to a trans* person by a former, but no longer used, name. While it is perceived as a formidable language to condemn this type of anti-transgender harm and violence, the necropolitical implications of referring to this act as “deadnaming” necessitates a trans* Indigenous critique of the manifestation of settler coloniality within transnormativity and its rhetoric. By analyzing the polarizing tension between birth name and deadname, this article turns to US legal documents, specifically the language within states’ legal birth certificates, for the better-for-now language of the “given name,” which might provide the destabilization needed to disrupt the temporal specificity implied within the “birth name” and “deadname” binary to imagine and embody an otherwise of the trans* imaginary. In thinking with Billy-Ray Belcourt's (Driftpile Cree) feral queer Indigeneity, this article concludes by surveying the possibilities of anti-colonial trans* experiences beyond the US settler nation-state's socio-legal surveillance, with its insistence on (trans*-/settler-) normative legibility (for “citizenship” within its biopolitical sphere).
Phenotypic identification of different β-Lactamases in intrinsic and acquired colistin resistant uropathogenic gram negative bacteria
Authors: Arif Ambreen , Ullah Ihsan , Zaman Ronaq , Mehmood Khan Arif 
Published: May 2024

Objective: Identification of MBL, AmpC and ESBLs in colistin intrinsic and acquired resistant uropathogenic gram negative bacteria.
Method: Urine samples were collected from Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar during 17 January to 30 June 2019. Collected urine samples were aseptically transported microbiology lab of Health Research Institution (HRI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Khyber Medical College, Peshawar and streaked on different media. Positive growth was identified by API-10s. Antibiotic sensitivity profile was done by Modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Detection of metallo βlactamases (MBL) production by Imipenem EDTA synergy test, Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) for detection of ESBLs and D-test for the detection of inducible AmpC beta lactamases test was used. Colistin resistance was identified via broth micro dilution according to CLSI manual. Colistin resistant bacteria was divided in two categories; acquired and intrinsic resistant bacteria according to CLSI manual.
Results: Out of 2000 urine samples, 281(14%) gram-negative bacteria were isolated. Among positive samples, acquired colistin resistant bacteria were 241 and intrinsic resistant bacteria were 40 isolates. MBL was produce by twenty one (11.7%) E.coli and seventeen (40.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Serratia Oderifora and Proteus Marblis were ESBLs producing bacteria. AmpC production was prevalent in fourteen (7.8%) E. coli and twelve (28.6%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fifty-five samples showed resistance to colistin out of 241 samples. In colistin resistant bacteria, two E.coli were MBL, ESBLs, while one E.coli was ESBLs, AmpC co-producing bacteria. The most prevalent extended drug resistant bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.6%) and Escherichia coli (6.1%), While 155(86.6%) Escherichia coli, 25 (59.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 22 (95.7%) Serratia Oderifora was multi drug resistant bacteria.
Conclusion: Current study concluded that ESBL, MBL AmpC enzymes and their co-expression was observed with colistin resistance in E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.8516
How to cite this: Arif A, Ihasn Ullah, Zaman R, Khan AM. Phenotypic identification of different β-Lactamases in intrinsic and acquired colistin resistant uropathogenic gram negative bacteria. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(6):1122-1128. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.8516
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Accessing the Untapped Brand Leverage Potential: A Strategic Framework from a Capital Market View
Authors: Fischer Marc , Wies Simone 
Published: May 2024

Do firms fully capitalize on the financial strength of their customer-based brand equity (CBBE)? If not, how large is the gap to a benchmark condition where CBBE is financially fully leveraged? Which market strategies, if any, should the firm emphasize to close the gap? This research addresses these questions. The authors introduce a framework and methodology that enables firms to identify and measure their “brand capabilities gap,” which captures the firm’s potential for leveraging CBBE into firm value when the most effective and efficient brand leverage strategy is in place, and, if necessary, take corrective action to realize their brand leverage potential. The authors further examine three market strategy moderators that firms can steer via their marketing programs and tactics to close the brand capabilities gap. The application of the framework and methodology to a wide-ranging sample of firms from 2005 to 2013 reveals that, on average, firms only realize 35% of their financial brand leverage potential. This translates into an average brand capabilities gap worth $2.1 bn per brand, which represents 4.3% of firm value. These findings have important implications for strategic brand analysis and planning and can help firms design a more effective financial brand leverage strategy. This paper was accepted by Raphael Thomadsen, marketing. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00670 .