bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive ventilation in cats
Authors: Brown Judy E. , Bersenas Alexa M.E. , Mathews Karol A. , Kerr Carolyn L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective
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The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) in cats. The secondary objective was to determine whether cardiovascular parameters and anesthetic drug requirements associated with noninvasive ventilation differ from those associated with invasive ventilation.Design
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Randomized, cross‐over design.Setting
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A research laboratory in a veterinary teaching hospital.Animals
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Eight healthy adult cats, 3 intact females and 5 intact males, weighing between 3 and 6 kg, were used.Interventions
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Each cat was randomly assigned to NIV via nasal mask, or invasive ventilation using an endotracheal tube. Mechanical ventilation was performed for 6 hours. Anesthesia was provided using continuous infusions of propofol and butorphanol. After a minimum 9‐day washout period, the procedure was repeated using the alternate ventilation interface.Measurements and Main Results
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Cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, rectal temperature, direct arterial blood pressure), arterial blood gases, drug requirements, sedation score, and ventilation parameters, were monitored throughout the procedures. These values were evaluated using ANCOVA for repeated measures. All cats were effectively ventilated using NIV. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular parameters, drug requirements, or sedation scores between groups. Although PaCO2 values did not differ, PaO2 values were significantly higher in the invasively ventilated group. Inspiratory tidal volumes were similar between groups, whereas expiratory tidal volumes were significantly lower in the NIV group. Inspiratory pressures were significantly higher in the NIV group. Respiratory frequency was significantly higher in the invasively ventilated group.Conclusions
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NIV of cats is possible. However, currently it does not confer any cardiovascular benefit over invasive ventilation and drug requirements are similar. Use of a correctly fitted mask is essential for successful NIV as air leaks account for the observed discrepancy between inspiratory and expiratory volumes. Further investigation into this modality is warranted.
Evaluation of an abdominal fluid scoring system determined using abdominal focused assessment with sonography for trauma in 101 dogs with motor vehicle trauma
Authors: Lisciandro Gregory R. , Lagutchik Michael S. , Mann Kelly A. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Tiller Elizabeth G. , Cabano Nicholas R. , Bauer Leslie D. , Book Bradley P. , Howard Philip K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective –Evaluate an abdominal fluid scoring (AFS) system using an abdominal focused assessment with sonography for trauma (AFAST) protocol.Design –Prospective study.Setting –Private veterinary emergency center.Animals –One hundred and one client‐owned dogs with motor vehicle trauma.Interventions –AFAST performed on admission and 4 hours post‐admission.Measurements and Main Results –An AFS was assigned to each dog based on the number of AFAST fluid‐positive quadrants identified using a 4‐point scale: AFS 0 (negative for fluid in all quadrants) to AFS 4 (positive for fluid in all quadrants). Free abdominal fluid was identified in 27 of 101 dogs (27%). Dogs with AFS scores of 3 or 4 (14/27 [52%] AFS‐positive dogs) experienced more marked decreases in packed cell volume and total plasma protein, increases in alanine aminotransferase, and needed more blood transfusions than dogs with lower AFS scores and AFS‐negative dogs. Serial AFAST was performed in 71% of dogs (71/101); 17% (12/71) of these cases changed AFS score, and 75% (9/12) of the changes were higher (worsened) AFS, correlating with increasing amounts of free abdominal fluid. Ninety‐eight percent of the study population was a primary presentation. Overall, median time from trauma to initial AFAST was 60 minutes, and median AFAST examination time was 3 minutes.Conclusions –Initial and serial AFAST with applied AFS allowed rapid, semiquantitative measure of free abdominal fluid in traumatized patients, was clinically associated with severity of injury, and reliably guided clinical management. Where possible, AFAST and AFS should be applied to the management of blunt trauma cases.
Therapy and outcome of suspected alpha lipoic acid toxicity in two dogs
Authors: Loftin Erika G. , Herold Lee V. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective
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To report a suspected toxicity in 2 dogs; to discuss therapy and prognosis.Series Summary
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Suspected alpha lipoic acid (ALA) toxicity was diagnosed based on clinical history and compatible laboratory findings in 2 dogs. Case 1 was presented within 10 hours of ALA ingestion, with initial behavioral changes likely due to hypoglycemia. During the course of hospitalization, hypoglycemia persisted and evidence of acute hepatic insult developed. With aggressive supportive care (including IV fluids with dextrose supplementation, hepatoprotective medications, and a plasma transfusion), he made a full recovery. Case 2 was presented approximately 60 hours after ALA ingestion, and was found to be in oliguric renal failure. She was treated with IV fluids, gastroprotective medications, and furosemide, but her condition deteriorated and she was ultimately euthanized within 16 hours of admission to the hospital.New or Unique Information Provided
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ALA is an uncommon but serious toxin that should be considered in cases presenting with hypoglycemia, acute renal failure, or acute hepatic insult.
Determination of cardiac output in neonatal foals by ultrasound velocity dilution and its comparison to the lithium dilution method
Authors: Shih Andre , Giguère Steeve , Sanchez L. Chris , Valverde Alexander , Bandt Carsten , Jankunas Hope , Robertson Sheilah 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective
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To compare cardiac output (CO) measured by use of lithium dilution (LiDCO) and ultrasound velocity dilution (UDCO) in conditions of high, intermediate, and low CO in anesthetized foals.Design
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Original prospective study.Setting
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University teaching hospital.Animals
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Six foals 1–3 days of age (38–45 kg).Interventions
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Neonatal foals were anesthetized and instrumented to measure direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, and CO. The CO was measured by use of LiDCO and UDCO techniques. Measurements were obtained from each foal at baseline and during low, intermediate, and high CO states. Measurements were converted to cardiac index (cardiac index=CO/body weight) values for statistical analysis. Agreement between the 2 methods was determined using Bland and Altman analysis and concordance correlation coefficients.Measurements and Main Results
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LiDCO determinations of CO ranged between 4.0 and 14.0 L/min resulting in cardiac index ranging between 75.5 and 310 mL/kg/min. There was no significant effect of blood pressure variation on bias or relative bias (P=0.62 and 0.93, respectively). The mean bias and relative bias of UDCO (±SD) compared with LiDCO were −20.1±39.2 mL/kg/min and −7.7±23.4%, respectively. Concordance correlation coefficient between LiDCO and UDCO was 0.833.Conclusions
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When compared with LiDCO, the UDCO technique has acceptable clinical utility for measuring CO in healthy anesthetized newborn foals.
Use of C‐reactive protein to predict outcome in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis
Authors: Gebhardt Constance , Hirschberger Johannes , Rau Stefanie , Arndt Gisela , Krainer Karen , Schweigert Florian J. , Brunnberg Leo , Kaspers Bernd , Kohn Barbara 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground –There is a high mortality rate in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis. Therefore, an early diagnosis and prognostic assessment is important for optimal therapeutic intervention. The objective of the study was to evaluate if baseline values and changes in serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) might predict survival in dogs with SIRS and sepsis.Design –Prospective study; July 2004 to July 2005.Setting –Small Animal Clinic, Berlin, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Munich.Animals –Sixty‐one dogs.Measurements and Main Results –For the CRP analysis blood was drawn on day 0, 1, and 2; CRP was measured using a commercial ELISA test kit. Thirteen dogs suffered from nonseptic SIRS and 48 dogs from sepsis. The 14‐day survival rate was 61% (69% nonseptic SIRS, 58% sepsis). Serum CRP was higher in sick dogs compared with controls (P<0.001). Over the 3‐day period surviving dogs (n=31) displayed a significantly greater decrease in CRP than nonsurvivors (n=10) (P=0.001). No correlation was found between the initial CRP concentrations and the survival rate. The changes in CRP corresponded to the survival rate (P=0.01).Conclusion –There was no significant relationship between the survival rate in dogs with nonseptic SIRS or sepsis and the initial serum CRP concentrations. There was a correlation between decreasing CRP concentrations and recovery from disease. However, the changes in CRP concentrations over a 3‐day period correctly predicted survival in 94% of dogs and death in 30% of the dogs (false positive rate 22%).
Antimicrobial therapy and aerobic bacteriologic culture patterns in canine intensive care unit patients: 74 dogs (January–June 2006)
Authors: Black Dorothy M. , Rankin Shelley C. , King Lesley G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective
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Describe antimicrobial therapy and aerobic bacteriologic culture patterns in canine intensive care unit (ICU) patients in a university hospital.Design
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Retrospective descriptive.Setting
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A tertiary university referral hospital.Animals
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Seventy‐four canine ICU patients.Interventions
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From January to June 2006 patient antimicrobial use, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results, and clinical data were recorded. Appropriate antimicrobial use was analyzed relative to the time of culture submission and MIC results.Measurements and Main Results
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Mean±SD age was 7.2±4.2 years. Median (range) length of ICU and hospital stays were 3 days (1–25 d) and 4 days (1–27 d), respectively. A total of 106 cultures were submitted; 47 of 106 (44%) cultures were positive for 70 isolates, including Escherichia coli (16/70 [23%]), Staphylococcus intermedius (7/70 [10%]), and Acinetobacter baumannii (5/70 [7%]). A multidrug resistant pattern occurred in 19 of 70 (27%) isolates, and was significantly more likely after 48 hours of hospitalization (P<0.001). Antimicrobials were administered before culture submission in 42 of 74 dogs (57%) and included enrofloxacin (23/42 [55%]), ampicillin (20/42 [48%]), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (8/42 [19%]). Antimicrobial choices were appropriate 19% of the time. While pending culture results, antimicrobials were administered to 67 of 72 (94%) dogs remaining alive, and were appropriate 75% of the time. The most common antimicrobials administered while awaiting culture results were ampicillin (52/67 [78%]), enrofloxacin (49/67 [73%]), and amikacin (9/67 [13%]). Post‐MIC antimicrobials were appropriate 89% of the time. Of 45 dogs remaining alive, 17 (37%) continued to receive antimicrobials despite negative cultures.Conclusions
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Antimicrobial use was extensive in this patient population, but when available, MIC results were used to guide antimicrobial therapy. Many patients with negative cultures continued to receive antimicrobial therapy. Multidrug resistant bacteria were more likely in cultures taken after 48 hours of hospitalization.
The effect of Hetastarch (670/0.75) in vivo on platelet closure time in the dog
Authors: Smart Lisa , Jandrey Karl E. , Kass Philip H. , Wierenga Janelle R. , Tablin Fern 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective
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To evaluate the effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution in vivo, with an average molecular weight of 670 kDa and degree of substitution of 0.75, on canine platelet function.Design
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Prospective, controlled‐experimental study.Setting
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University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.Animals
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Seven healthy employee‐owned dogs.Interventions
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Seven dogs were included in the treatment group. Four of these dogs also served as the control group. Platelet closure time (CT) was measured using a platelet function analyzer and collagen/ADP cartridges. Dogs were given 20 mL/kg of either sodium chloride 0.9% (control group, n=4) or HES (treatment group, n=7) IV over 1 hour. CT was measured before the infusion, and at 1, 3, 5, and 24 hours after the start of the infusion.Measurements and Main Results
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There was a significant change over time from 0 to 24 hours (P<0.001), a significant difference between groups across time (P<0.001), and a significant group‐by‐time interaction (P=0.007). At 3 hours, mean CT for the treatment group was 122.3±18.1 seconds, which was significantly different (P<0.001) from the control group (71.0±3.5 s). At 5 hours, mean CT for the treatment group was 142.7±33.9 seconds, which was significantly different (P=0.001) from the control group (75.0±8.6 s). Mean CT at 24 hours was within the reference interval for both the control and treatment group (66.0±2.9 and 81.8±11.9 s, respectively); however, CT in 3 individual dogs in the treatment group at this time point remained prolonged.Conclusions
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A clinically relevant dose of HES 670/0.75 prolongs CT in dogs for up to 24 hours. This may be due to platelet dysfunction in addition to the effects of hemodilution, and therefore, may increase the risk of bleeding.
Chylothorax and Chylopericardial Tamponade in a Hemodialysis Patient with Catheter‐Induced Superior Vena Cava Stenosis
Authors: Adekile Ayoola , Adegoroye Adeyinka , Tedla Fasika , Levin Daniel , Salifu Moro O. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChylothorax and chylopericardium refer to the presence of milky, triglyceride‐rich chylous fluid in the thoracic and pericardial spaces, respectively. Both conditions are extremely uncommon in end‐stage renal disease patients on dialysis. We report the first known case of combined chylothorax and chylous pericardial tamponade in a dialysis patient associated with catheter‐induced superior vena cava (SVC) stenosis. A successful outcome was achieved with drainage of both chylous effusions in combination with angioplasty of the SVC stenosis.
Strategies for Reducing Polypharmacy and Other Medication‐Related Problems in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mason Nancy A. , Bakus Jodie L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMedication‐related problems are very common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These problems are often avoidable and can result in detrimental patient consequences and high financial costs. Despite these risks, it is often medically necessary to prescribe multiple medications to treat the comorbid conditions that accompany CKD. In addition, patients’ use of nonprescription medications and changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters may further contribute to medication‐related problems in CKD, including drug interactions and the need for dosage adjustments. A structured medication assessment process is one approach to reducing the risks associated with medication‐related problems. This multifaceted process involves a comprehensive medication history interview, structured therapy assessment, and open communication between members of the medical team. A detailed description of this process is provided to aid healthcare providers in addressing this important issue.
Tooth Preparation: A Study on the Effect of Different Variables and a Comparison Between Conventional and Channeled Diamond Burs
Authors: Galindo Daniel F. , Ercoli Carlo , Funkenbusch Paul D. , Greene Thomas D. , Moss Mark E. , Lee Han‐Joo , Ben‐Hanan Uri , Graser Gerald N. , Barzilay Izchak 
Published: September 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different variables involved in tooth cutting to characterize intrapulpal temperature generation, cutting efficiency, and bur durability when using conventional and channeled diamond burs.
Materials and Methods: Forty premolars and 60 molars were selected for the study. Four diamond burs were paired according to grit size: 125‐μm grit: Brasseler Coarse (Control 1) and TDA System (Test 1) burs; and 180‐μm grit: Brasseler CRF (Control 2) and NTI Turbo Diamond (Test 2) burs. Each bur was used twice when cutting the premolar teeth, whereas it was used for 60 cuts when cutting the molar teeth. The data were analyzed to compare the correlation of bur design, grit and wear, amount of pressure, advancement rate, revolutions per minute, cutting time and rate, and proximity to the pulp chamber with intrapulpal temperature generation, cutting efficiency, and bur longevity. The mean values of test and control burs in each group were compared using an ANOVA (p < 0.05 for significant differences) for temperature generation and an ANOVA and the Tukey multiple range test (p≤ 0.05) for cutting efficiency and bur longevity.
Results: No significant difference was found in intrapulpal temperature generation while cutting premolar and molar teeth with conventional and channeled diamond burs. In both groups, the mean temperature recorded during and after the cutting procedure was lower than the baseline temperature. For premolar teeth, no significant difference was established for control and test burs for the load required to cut into the tooth and the cutting rate. However, both test burs showed significantly fewer revolutions per minute when compared to their control counterparts. For the molar teeth, the Brasseler CRF bur required a significantly lower cutting load when compared to the NTI bur, whereas no difference was noted between the other pair of burs. The cutting rate was significantly higher for both control burs, whereas revolutions per minute (rpm) were greater for control coarser burs only. Overall, channeled burs showed a significantly lower cutting efficiency when compared to conventionally designed burs.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, channeled burs showed no significant advantage over conventional diamond burs when evaluating temperature generation and bur durability. Moreover, the cutting efficiency of conventional burs was greater than that of channeled burs.
An Experimental Study on Particular Physical Properties of Several Interocclusal Recording Media. Part I: Consistency Prior to Setting
Authors: Michalakis Konstantinos X. , Pissiotis Argiris , Anastasiadou Vassiliki , Kapari Danai 
Published: September 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the consistency prior to the setting of 5 elastomeric interocclusal recording materials in comparison with a wax and a zinc oxide–eugenol paste. This property is related to the viscosity as well as to the working and setting times of these materials.
Materials and Methods: Testing of consistency was performed following a modification of the method described in ADA Specification No. 19, for elastomeric impression materials. Each one of the tested materials was mixed for 20 seconds and was then loaded into a 0.5 mL syringe. The material was syringed onto a 10 × 10 × 0.5 cm glass plate. A second 575 g glass plate was placed on top of the unset interocclusal registration material. A total of 10 samples were tested for each material. The surface area covered by the materials was measured with the help of a scanner and the use of appropriate computer software.
Results: One‐way ANOVA revealed significant differences among the materials (F = 889.493, p < 0.0005). According to Tukey's honest significant difference test, all materials were significantly different (p < 0.05) from one another. All polyvinylsiloxanes occupied a smaller area than that of the polyether and of the zinc oxide–eugenol paste.
Conclusions: Zinc oxide–eugenol paste was the most fluid of all materials tested. Polyvinylsiloxanes displayed less flow properties than polyether.
Crowns Cemented on Crown Preparations Lacking Geometric Resistance Form. Part II: Effect of Cement
Authors: Proussaefs Periklis 
Published: September 2009

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of different cements on resistance to dislodgment of crowns cemented on preparations lacking geometric resistance form.
Materials and Methods:A preparation that offered no geometric resistance form, with 20° total occlusal convergence (TOC), 0.9 mm wide shoulder finish line, and a 2.5 mm axial wall height was created on an ivorine tooth using a milling machine. Ten metal test specimen die replicas and 10 standardized metal crowns with recipient sites for the application of external forces through a universal testing machine were fabricated. The crowns were cemented on the dies under 5 and 10 kg external loads, the marginal openings measured, loaded to dislodgment, and cleaned of cement. The process was repeated using zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE), zinc phosphate (ZPh), resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and composite resin (CR) cements.
Results:Marginal openings under 5 kg cementation loads were 74.63 (±15.04) for ZOE, 75.98 (±18.20) μm for ZPh, 98.58 (±22.62) μm for RMGI, and 105.82 (±20.07) μm for CR cements respectively; under 10 kg cementation loads they were 57.62 (±15.86) μm, 59.55 (±15.41) μm, 95.00 (±19.52) μm, 101.30 (±12.52) μm respectively. Oblique dislodgment forces, measured with a Universal testing machine, were 40.18 (± 6.76) N for ZOE, 215.65 (±45.79) N for ZPh, 165.43 (±19.53) N for RMGI, and 181.54 (±30.75) N for CR respectively when crowns were cemented under 5 kg loads. The corresponding values for 10 kg loads were 38.62 (±4.19), 274.86 (±54.22), 139.70 (±21.71), and 160.40 (±21.21) respectively. Only zinc phosphate cement produced statistically enhanced resistance when crowns were cemented under 10 kg force (p value = 0.035).
Conclusions: Under the conditions of the present study only crowns cemented with zinc phosphate displayed increased resistance to dislodgment on preparations lacking resistance form.