bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of wastewater quality index as an assessment tool of treated wastewater quality for sea discharge
Authors: Mohammed Redha Zainab , Bu‐Ali Qais , Janahi Anfal Yusuf , AlQahtani Maryam Mohamed , Buhindi Reem Anas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe evaluation of the effluent water quality from wastewater treatment plants is fundamental for human health and aquatic environment considerations. Therefore, this research presents a new and specific water quality index for evaluating the effluent water discharged into the sea by integrating the complex set of wastewater qualities into a single reliable value. Two approaches were utilized for this purpose: experts' opinions and statistical analysis using principal component analysis. In the first approach, the opinions of local experts shortlisted the parameters into six important parameters out of a list of 19 with assigned weights varied from 0.160 to 0.174. In the statistical approach, principal component analysis and correlation analysis reduced the parameters to seven accounting for 75% of the variation in the data. Their weights were calculated based on their eigenvalues and ranged from 0.063 to 0.435. The subindices rating curves were developed based on the Kingdom of Bahrain's legislated standards and the weighted arithmetic mean function was used for the aggregation stage. The established water quality indices were applied to effluents from a local wastewater treatment plant, and the obtained results revealed “Class 1: excellent category” discharge quality maintained throughout the year as per the categories proposed in this work. The developed indices proved their effectiveness and reliability in assessing the treated water. The study provides a comprehensive and reliable assessment of treated water quality, and its approach and outputs could have significant implications globally for ensuring the quality of treated water prior its discharge and promoting sustainable development.
Negative discrete moments of the derivative of the Riemann zeta‐function
Authors: Bui Hung M. , Florea Alexandra , Milinovich Micah B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe obtain conditional upper bounds for negative discrete moments of the derivative of the Riemann zeta‐function averaged over a subfamily of zeros of the zeta function that is expected to be arbitrarily close to full density inside the set of all zeros. For , our bounds for the ‐th moments are expected to be almost optimal. Assuming a conjecture about the maximum size of the argument of the zeta function on the critical line, we obtain upper bounds for these negative moments of the same strength while summing over a larger subfamily of zeta zeros.
Blocking sets, minimal codes and trifferent codes
Authors: Bishnoi Anurag , D'haeseleer Jozefien , Gijswijt Dion , Potukuchi Aditya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove new upper bounds on the smallest size of affine blocking sets, that is, sets of points in a finite affine space that intersect every affine subspace of a fixed codimension. We show an equivalence between affine blocking sets with respect to codimension‐2 subspaces that are generated by taking a union of lines through the origin, and strong blocking sets in the corresponding projective space, which in turn are equivalent to minimal codes. Using this equivalence, we improve the current best upper bounds on the smallest size of a strong blocking set in finite projective spaces over fields of size at least 3. Furthermore, using coding theoretic techniques, we improve the current best lower bounds on a strong blocking set. Our main motivation for these new bounds is their application to trifferent codes, which are sets of ternary codes of length with the property that for any three distinct codewords there is a coordinate where they all have distinct values. Over the finite field , we prove that minimal codes are equivalent to linear trifferent codes. Using this equivalence, we show that any linear trifferent code of length has size at most , improving the recent upper bound of Pohoata and Zakharov. Moreover, we show the existence of linear trifferent codes of length and size at least , thus (asymptotically) matching the best lower bound on trifferent codes. We also give explicit constructions of affine blocking sets with respect to codimension‐2 subspaces that are a constant factor bigger than the best known lower bound. By restricting to , we obtain linear trifferent codes of size at least , improving the current best explicit construction that has size .
Mixed Finite Element Formulation in Nonlinear Geometrical Analysis of Space Trusses and Application to Trusses With Member Length Imperfection
Authors: Dao Ngoc Tien , Tran Thi Thuy Van 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Space trusses usually have a significant number of elements. As a result, it is inevitable that some elements have imperfections. In this study, the authors proposed a mixed finite element method for nonlinear geometrical analysis of space trusses. The post-buckling behavior of space trusses with length imperfections was predicted using a code list written in the programming software. The numerical results indicate that when the length imperfection approaches zero, the results converge to those obtained in studies on standard trusses. A second approach based on the displacement model is also proposed, in which the Lagrange multiplier method is used to deal with the member length imperfection. The results show that the two approaches proposed by the authors are effective, in which the mix formulation based on the finite element model is superior to that based on the displacement model. These results verify the accuracy of the method. Based on the proposed method, the effects of imperfections in the element layers on the truss were studied. The results show that the imperfections in the top two element layers have the maximum influence on the limit load value, whereas the remaining layers have a negligible influence. The combination of the imperfect lengths of these two layers of elements can produce results in which the limit load value is much larger than in the case of a perfect system. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to provide a solution for improving the overall stability of truss structures by creating reasonable imperfections.
Modeling Technical Risk Propagation Using Field-Effects in Automotive Technology Infusion Design Studies
Authors: Alonso Fernández Inñigo , Panarotto Massimo , Isaksson Ola 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The integration of novel technologies into existing product architectures poses significant challenges, especially in managing the associated technical risks that affect system functionality and reliability. Traditional methods often struggle with the unpredictability and complexity of field effects due to technological integration. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel DSM (Design Structure Matrix)-based method that accurately accounts for and mitigates both first-order and higher-order field effects. By employing the inverse-square law, our method quantifies the attenuation of field effects with distance, thereby enhancing the precision of impact assessments across the system architecture. This approach is substantiated through a case study involving the introduction of a steer-by-wire (SbW) system in automotive design. The case study highlights the method's effectiveness in identifying and managing potential integration points for new technologies, offering a systematic framework for minimizing risk and enhancing system design in automotive engineering. The success of this method in the case study provides practical insights into the design around the impact of field effects, emphasizing its applicability and value in real-world engineering scenarios.
FrameGraph: A Scalable Performance Evaluation Method for Frame Structure Designs Using Graph Neural Network
Authors: Hou Wenbin , Li Yongcheng , Wang Changsheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Multilayer perceptron (MLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN) encounter a critical scalability issue when applied to the performance evaluation task for frame structure designs. Specifically, a model of MLP or CNN is limited to structures of a particular topology type and fails immediately when applied to other topology types. In order to tackle this challenge, we propose a scalable performance evaluation method (called FrameGraph) for frame structure designs using graph neural network (GNN), offering applicability to a wide range of topology types simultaneously. FrameGraph consists of two main parts: (1) Components and their connections in a frame structure are denoted as edges and vertices in a graph, respectively. Subsequently, a graph dataset for frame structure designs with different topologies is constructed. (2) A well-defined GNN design space is established with a general GNN layer, and a controlled random search approach is employed to derive the optimal GNN model for this performance evaluation task. In numerical experiments of car door frames and car body frames, FrameGraph achieved the highest prediction precisions (96.28% and 97.87%) across all structural topologies compared to a series of classical GNN algorithms. Furthermore, the comparison with MLP and FEM highlighted FrameGraph's significant efficiency advantage. This verifies the feasibility and optimality of FrameGraph for the performance evaluation task of frame structures with different topologies.
Evaluation of adjuvant role of topical cyclosporine 1% in acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a randomised control trial
Authors: Sharma Namrata , Venugopal Renu , Nagpal Ritu , K Priyadarshini , Verma Kamna , Verma Kaushal K , Biswas NR , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Sen Seema , Dwivedi SN , Tandon Radhika , Titiyal Jeewan S , Vajpayee Rasik 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the role of topical cyclosporine A 1% (CsA) as an adjuvant therapy in patients with acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS).

Methods
This is a randomised controlled trial in which 44 patients (88 eyes) with acute SJS, presenting within 3 months from the onset of the disease, were enrolled and randomised. Group A (n=44 eyes) patients received treatment with topical CsA 1% along with standard therapy consisting of topical corticosteroids, antibiotics and lubricants. Group B (n=44 eyes) patients received topical saline drops in combination with standard therapy. Various ocular surface parameters were assessed at baseline and the 6-month follow-up.

Results
The mean age of patients (years) was 23.9±15.1 in the CsA group and 26.0±18.7 in the control group (p=0.6840). The mean time from disease onset to presentation (days) was 17.0±14.0 and 12.9±11.3 in CsA and control groups, respectively (p=0.1568). At presentation, the mean grades of severity scores of various parameters were comparable. At 6 months, both groups showed a significant improvement in the mean severity grades of conjunctival hyperaemia (A, p=0.001; B, p=0.0001), mucocutaneous junction involvement (A, p=0.001; B, p=0.0001) and meibomian gland involvement (A, p=0.0471; B, p=0.006). Compared with baseline, the grades of corneal keratinisation (baseline, 0.48±0.7; 6 months, 1.02±0.8; p=0.0015) and neovascularisation (baseline, 1.07±1.2; 6 months, 1.57±1.0; p=0.0412) worsened after 6 months of CsA therapy. Intergroup comparison of grades of various parameters however did not reveal any significant difference at 6 months.

Conclusions
Adjuvant treatment with topical CsA is not superior to standard therapy, in cases of acute SJS.
Iris freckle: a distinct entity
Authors: Yeşiltaş Yağmur Seda , Zhou Millennia , Zabor Emily C , Oakey Zackery , Singh Nakul , Sedaghat Ahad , Yeaney Gabrielle , Singh Arun D 
Published: May 2024

PurposeTo report distinctive clinical and imaging features of iris freckles to differentiate them from iris nevi.DesignRetrospective observational study.Subjects53 patients (277 freckles) with incidental iris freckles and 102 patients (104 nevi) with iris nevi that are either clinically stable or pathologically confirmed.MethodsPatient data were collected from the Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cole Eye Institute database (2012–2023). Lesion characteristics were recorded from slit-lamp examination descriptions and review of colour photographs. Ancillary imaging features observed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) were assessed in patients (where available).Main outcome measuresComparison of clinical and imaging features of iris freckles and iris nevi.ResultsA total of 277 iris freckles and 104 iris nevi were analysed. Iris freckles were more frequently bilateral (17%; nevi 0%) and multiple (69%; nevi 2%) and located centrally (89%; nevi 17%) compared with iris nevi (p<0.001). The median freckle largest basal diameter and thickness were 0.8 mm (nevi; 2.1 mm, p<0.001) and 0.04 mm (nevi 1.0 mm, p<0.001), respectively. All iris freckles had irregular margins without any secondary effects compared with iris nevi. Iris freckles appeared flat without effacement of iris folds compared with iris nevi on AS-OCT (p<0.001). Iris freckles were not detectable by UBM. Heat map revealed that freckles demonstrated several features with uniform or near uniform values, whereas nevi demonstrated more variability in values across features.ConclusionsIris freckles exhibit specific clinical and imaging features reflective of their characteristic histological composition that support their classification as a distinct entity within the spectrum of iris pigmented lesions.
Trends in youth risk behaviours and firearm injury in the USA over 20 years
Authors: Hatchimonji Justin S , Hatchimonji Danielle R , Allee Lisa , Scantling Dane R 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundFirearm injuries are the leading cause of death in children and adolescents in the USA. We hypothesised that high rates of risky behaviour in high school students are associated with firearm injury and death in this population.MethodsWe obtained data from the Youth Behaviour Risk Survey of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and combined it with data from the CDC Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System, CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research and American Community Survey, 2001–2020. We examined trends over time using a non-parametric test for trends.ResultsThe percentage of high school-aged youth carrying a weapon in the preceding 30 days ranged from 13.2% in 2019 to 18.5% in 2005, without a statistically significant trend over time (p=0.051). Those carrying a weapon to school peaked at 6.5% in 2005 and steadily downtrended to 2.8% in 2019 (p=0.004). Boys consistently reported higher rates of weapon carriage, with white boys reporting higher rates than black boys. Firearm homicides among adolescents 14–18 years showed no significant change, ranging from 4.0 per 100k in 2013 to 8.3 per 100k in 2020. This varied considerably by sex and race, with black boys suffering a rate of nearly 60 per 100 000 in 2020 and white girls rarely exceeding 1/100 000 during the study period.ConclusionSelf-reported weapon carriage among teens in the USA has steadily downtrended over time. However, shooting injuries and deaths have not. While the former suggests progress, the latter remains concerning.Level of evidenceLevel III; retrospective cohort study.
A healthcare approach to mental integrity
Authors: Wajnerman-Paz Abel , Aboitiz Francisco , Álamos Florencia , Ramos Vergara Paulina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current human rights framework can shield people from many of the risks associated with neurotechnological applications. However, it has been argued that we need either to articulate new rights or reconceptualise existing ones in order to prevent some of these risks. In this paper, we would like to address the recent discussion about whether current reconceptualisations of the right to mental integrity identify an ethical dimension that is not covered by existing moral and/or legal rights. The main challenge of these proposals is that they make mental integrity indistinguishable from autonomy. They define mental integrity in terms of the control we can have over our mental states, which seems to be part of the authenticity condition for autonomous action. Based on a fairly comprehensive notion of mental health (ie, a notion that is not limited to the mere absence of illness), we propose an alternative view according to which mental integrity can be characterised both as a positive right to (medical and non-medical) interventions that restore and sustain mental and neural function, and promote its development and a negative right protecting people from interventions that threaten or undermine these functions or their development. We will argue that this notion is dissociated from cognitive control and therefore can be adequately distinguished from autonomy.
Genetic Risk of Second Malignant Neoplasm after Childhood Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ducos Claire , Aba Naïla , Rosselli Filippo , Fresneau Brice , Al Ahmad Nachar Baraah , Zidane Monia , de Vathaire Florent , Benhamou Simone , Haddy Nadia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Second malignant neoplasm (SMN) is one of the most severe long-term risks for childhood cancer survivors (CCS), significantly impacting long-term patient survival. While radiotherapy and chemotherapy are known risk factors, the observed inter-individual variability suggests a genetic component contributing to the risk of SMN. This article aims to conduct a systematic review of genetic factors implicated in the SMN risk among CCS. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. Eighteen studies were included (eleven candidate gene studies, three genome-wide association studies, and four whole exome/genome sequencing studies). The included studies were based on different types of first cancers, investigated any or specific types of SMN, and focused mainly on genes involved in drug metabolism and DNA repair pathways. These differences in study design and methods used to characterize genetic variants limit the scope of the results and highlight the need for further extensive and standardized investigations. However, this review provides a valuable compilation of SMN risk-associated variants and genes, facilitating efficient replication and advancing our understanding of the genetic basis for this major risk for CCS.
Arte Indígena Contemporânea: apontamentos para uma perspectiva não eurocêntrica da História da Arte no Brasil
Authors: Paula Leandro Raphael Nascimento de , Marques Jane 
Published: May 2024

Este artigo visa a demonstrar como a cultura indígena há muito tempo passa ao largo do pensamento visual brasileiro e avalia as possibilidades de se pensar sua história a partir de artistas indígenas. Apresenta revisão teórica e documental acerca das formas como a História da Arte e o pensamento visual desenvolvido no Brasil tratam a produção estético-artística dos povos originários. Propõe a possibilidade de se re- visar a história da arte, incorporando o pensamento de artistas indígenas, haja vista a necessidade de uma virada epistemológica na História da Arte para dar conta das diferenças existentes no Brasil e na América Latina.
Aulopus chirichignoae, a new flagfin from the eastern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei, Aulopiformes, Aulopidae)
Authors: BÉAREZ PHILIPPE , ZAVALAGA FABIOLA , MIRANDA JUNIOR , MENNESSON MARION I. , CAMPOS-LEÓN SARITA , JIMÉNEZ-PRADO PEDRO 
Published: May 2024

A new species of the Aulopidae is described from the waters of southern Ecuador and northern Peru. Aulopus chirichignoae sp. nov. was previously confused with Aulopus bajacali Parin & Kotlyar, 1984, but it differs from this species by a significantly marked elongation of the dorsal fin rays in males (absent in females), a smaller head, modal differences in dorsal and anal ray counts (15 vs 14 and 11 vs 12, respectively), a higher number of vertebrae (50–51 vs 47–49), and color differences, especially on the dorsal fin. DNA barcoding analysis supported the status of new species, evidencing a 4.2% and 2.8% divergence with Aulopus filamentosus (Bloch, 1792) and A. bajacali, respectively. A sequence of an Aulopus sp., collected in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, matches the new species with only a 0.4% divergence, indicating that Aulopus chirichignoae sp. nov. is distributed at least as far north as the Paramount Seamount at 3°20.35’N, ca. 400 km north of the Galápagos Islands.
2. Experimentation as a Learning Method
Authors: Pizzol Fausto Lessa F. 
Published: May 2024

Organologically classified as a melodic instrument, the electric bass has tonal and ergonomic characteristics that enhance its use beyond this designation. In this perspective, an increasing number of bassists seek to use the electric bass as a harmonic instrument. However, the lack of research on this approach hinders its development beyond individual initiatives. Based on an alternative tonal concept to consolidated practice, called LCCTO (Russell, 2001) and guided by a research design structured according to the concept of Affordances (Gibson, 1979) and the Perceptual Learning theory (Gibson & Pick, 2000), this artistic research adopts experimentation as a learning method for performing vertical harmonies on the electric bass. The development of this path involves, (i) the construction of a harmonic vocabulary for the instrument and (ii) the creation of musical works from this vocabulary. The result of this work intends to contribute to the construction of a new paradigm for the performance of the instrument, for the academic discussion about it, and, consequently, bring pedagogical implications concerning the academic program for bassists and the teaching methodology for this harmonic content. Regarding the latter, the proposed research design, as well as the harmonic vocabulary, structured as a book, may point to an initial path for further debate.
The results achieved so far point positively to the potential of using experimentation for the development of a, here called, Harmonic Approach to the Electric Bass. The experiments already concluded provided a considerable number of chords playable on the instrument, which has been organized as a dictionary, as well as extensive material resulting from articulations (simultaneous execution) between these chords and the different scales proposed in the LCCTO. Also included in this material resulting from the experiments, are the Creative Applications, organized as musical studies, which reflect, through composition, the use of the contents already obtained.