bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Brønsted Acids on the Activation of Mixed Anhydride/Mixed Carbonic Anhydride and C‐Terminal‐Free N‐Methylated Peptide Synthesis in a Micro‐Flow Reactor
Authors: Chen Ting‐Ho , Ando Akira , Shamoto Otoka , Fuse Shinichiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmidations employing mixed (carbonic) anhydrides have long been favoured in peptide synthesis because of their cost‐effectiveness and less waste generation. Despite their long history, no study has compared the effects of additives on the activation of mixed anhydrides and carbonic anhydrides. In this study, we investigated the amidation of mixed (carbonic) anhydride in the presence of a base and/or Brønsted acids. The use of NMI⋅HCl significantly improved the conversion of the mixed carbonic anhydride, while expediting nucleophilic attacks on the desired carbonyl group. In contrast, in the case of mixed anhydrides, neither the conversion nor the desired nucleophilic attack improved significantly. We developed a C‐terminus‐free N‐methylated peptide synthesis method using mixed carbonic anhydrides in a micro‐flow reactor. Fourteen N‐alkylated peptides were synthesized in moderate to high yields (55–99 %) without severe racemization (<1 %). Additionally, a significant enhancement in the amidation between mixed carbonic anhydrides and bis‐TMS‐protected N‐methyl amino acids with the inclusion of NMI⋅HCl was observed for the first time. In addition, we observed unexpected C‐terminal epimerization of the C‐terminus‐free N‐methyl peptides.
Synthesis of (Hetero)biaryls via Nickel Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Electrophile Coupling Between (Hetero)aryl Iodides and Bromides
Authors: Surgenor Richard R. , Lee Hyelee 
Published: May 2024

Abstract(Hetero)biaryls are fundamental building blocks in the pharmaceutical industry and rapid access to these scaffolds is imperative for the success of numerous medicinal chemistry campaigns. Herein, a highly general, mild, and chemoselective reductive cross‐electrophile coupling between (hetero)aryl iodides and heteroaryl bromides is reported. By employing more reactive (hetero)aryl halides, a broad range of successful substrates (45 examples) were identified. The reaction was also found to be chemoselective for C(sp2)‐C(sp2) bond formation between (hetero)aryl iodides and bromides over (hetero)aryl chlorides, which were generally inert under the described reaction conditions. The efficiency of the procedure is also further demonstrated in parallel synthesis library format, on gram scale, as well as in the formal synthesis of Ruxolitinib, a potent JAK inhibitor. As such, we anticipate this method will find widespread utility in the assembly of (hetero)biaryls for medicinal chemistry efforts.
Assessment of anxiety in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lastra Carlos , Abrahams Robert , Anash Gregory , Prisby Kyle , Goyco‐Ortiz Luz , Melean Andrea , Moreno Rosanne , Schramm Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed anxiety levels in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic and explored how factors related to COVID‐19 may have affected the prevalence of anxiety disorders among the pediatric population.MethodsChildhood anxiety symptoms were assessed at various pediatric practices in Central New Jersey between July 2021 and September 2022. The sample comprised 476 children and adolescents aged 8–17 who participated in the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire, administered at their annual well‐child visits. Participants included both the child and the caregiver. The anxiety prevalence was compared with prepandemic standards published by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).ResultsThe prevalence of anxiety for children aged 8–17 years (28.3%) was greater than prepandemic levels (7.1%; p < 0.0001). Among children aged 8–11, anxiety increased from 6.6% to 38.1% (p < 0.0001), while for children aged 11–17, anxiety increased from 10.5% to 22.2% (p < 0.0001). Previously diagnosed anxiety was a strong predictor of a high anxiety score on the questionnaire (mean = 28.95) compared with children without a history of anxiety (mean = 17.65; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a disparity was identified in the responses between the child and the caregiver questionnaires (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThis study shows that children's anxiety levels increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Moreover, an inconsistency was found between children self‐reporting anxiety and caregivers underreporting their child's anxiety. These findings underscore the need for targeted support for those affected, especially children with a history of anxiety.
Open Circuit Interaction Between Ethanol or 2‐Propanol and Oxidized Platinum Surfaces
Authors: Ragassi Gianluca , Sitta Elton , Pan Changwei , Gao Qingyu , Varela Hamilton 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe interaction between organic molecules and oxidized catalyst surfaces has frequently been used to study the fuel crossover from the anode to the cathode in direct liquid fuel cells. In such experiments, the oxidized surface is put in contact with the fuel under open circuit conditions, and the evolution of the potential is registered. The open circuit potential (OCP) vs. time features can then inform on the reactivity of the fuel with the oxidized surface and provide valuable information not only to applications in fuel cells but also to the electrochemical reform of those molecules to produce clean hydrogen. In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of the open circuit interaction between ethanol or 2‐propanol with oxidized platinum surfaces. Besides the OCP time traces, we have also employed cyclic voltammetry and fast oxide reduction sweep in the presence of the alcohols. Comparable reaction currents are obtained in the cyclic voltammogram, but the electro‐oxidation of 2‐propanol sets in at considerably lower overpotentials than that of ethanol. At the high potential region, both the magnitude and the potential of the current peak are nearly identical in both cases. In contrast, under open circuit conditions, the interaction of ethanol with the oxidized platinum surface is more pronounced than that found for 2‐propanol, and these results are corroborated by the facile reduction of the platinum oxides along the fast backward sweep for the case of the latter.
Imagery‐Focused Therapy for Visual Hallucinations: A Case Series
Authors: Paulik Georgie , Taylor Christopher D. J. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionVisual hallucinations (VH) are more common than previously thought and are linked to higher levels of distress and disability in people with a psychotic illness. Despite this, scant attention has been given to VHs in the clinical literature, and the few therapy case series of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) published to date have not demonstrated reliable change. In other areas of clinical research, problematic mental imagery has been found to be more strongly related to negative affect in psychological disorders than negative linguistic thinking, and imagery focused techniques have commonly been found to improve the outcomes in CBT trials. Given VHs have many similarities with visual mental imagery and many of the distressing beliefs associated with VHs targeted in CBT are maintained by accompanying mental imagery (i.e., imaging a hallucinated figure attacking them), it seems plausible that an imagery‐focused approach to treating VHs may be most effective.MethodsThe current study is a multiple baseline case series (N = 11) of a 10‐session imagery‐focused therapy for VH in a transdiagnostic sample.ResultsThe study had good attendance and feedback, no adverse events and only one [seemly unrelated] drop‐out, suggesting good feasibility, safety and acceptability. The majority of clients reported reduction on both full‐scale measures (administered at 3 baselines, midtherapy, posttherapy and 3‐month follow‐up) and weekly measures of VH severity and distress, ranging from medium to large effect sizes.ConclusionsThe case series suggests that an imagery‐focused approach to treating VHs may be beneficial, with a recommendation for more rigorous clinical trials to follow.
Emotion Regulation and Mentalization in Patients With Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Bryde Christensen Anne , Poulsen Stig , Højberg Trine Munk , Jessen Stine Bech , Reinholt Nina , Hvenegaard Morten , Eskildsen Anita , Arendt Mikkel , Arnfred Sidse 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTheoretical conceptualizations of emotion and affect regulation have a considerable common ground. However, mentalization theory considers the ability to regulate affects as being contingent on the ability to mentalize. The aim of the present study is to examine the association between emotion regulation and mentalization, operationalized as reflective functioning, in a sample of patients with depression and/or anxiety.MethodsThe study used data from the TRAns‐diagnostic Cognitive behavioural Therapy versus standard cognitive behavioural therapy (TRACT‐RCT) trial. Patients with depression and/or anxiety (N = 291; 64.4% female; Mage = 32.2; SD = 11.0) completed the Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (ERSQ) and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ‐6). Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine associations of the measures of ERSQ and RFQ‐6 in relation to the outcome variables, global well‐being (World Health Organization Well‐being Index; WHO‐5) and social functioning (Work and Social Adjustment Scale; WSAS).ResultsOverall, the patients had a reduced level of emotion regulation (MERSQ_Total = 1.77; SD = 0.59). However, only mildly impaired reflective functioning was found (MRFQ‐6 = 3.57; SD = 1.26). ERSQ correlated significantly with RFQ‐6 (r = −0.31), that is, more frequent use of emotion regulation strategies was associated with less hypomentalization. ERSQ was a stronger predictor of well‐being and social function than RFQ‐6.ConclusionIn patients with anxiety and/or depression, hypomentalization as measured by the RFQ‐6 is not a major problem, but emotion regulation is. It seems that these two, theoretically related constructs, do not necessarily co‐occur. Alternatively, the RFQ‐6 scale might not capture the mentalization construct in a valid way. Emotion regulation strategies are highly related to symptomatology; therefore, they are likely to be an important target for psychotherapy.
Bulk lysis procedures alter target cell population counts
Authors: Rico Laura G. , Salvia Roser , Ward Michael D. , Petriz Jordi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo achieve high‐sensitivity cell measurements (<1 in 105 cells) by flow cytometry (FCM), the minimum number of acquired cells must be considered and conventional immunophenotyping protocols fall short of these numbers. The bulk lysis (BL) assay is a standardized erythrocyte lysing approach that allows the analysis of the millions of cells required for high‐sensitivity measurable residual disease (MRD) detection. However, this approach has been associated with significant cell loss, along with potential over or underestimates of rare cells when using this method. The aim of this study was to evaluate bulk lysis protocols and compare them with minimal sample perturbation (MSP) protocols, which are reported to better preserve the native cellular state and avoid significant cell loss due to washing steps. To achieve this purpose, we first generated an MRD model by spiking fresh peripheral blood with K562 cells, stably expressing EGFP, at known percentages of EGFP positive cells to leukocytes. Samples were then prepared with BL and MSP protocols and analyzed using FCM. For all percentages of K562 cells established and evaluated, a significant decrease of this population was detected in BL samples compared with MSP samples, even at low K562 cell percentages. Significant decreases for non‐necrotic cells were also observed in BL samples relative to MSP samples. In conclusion, the evaluation of the potential effects of BL protocols in obtaining the final count is of great interest, especially for over‐ or under‐estimation of target cells, as in the case of measurable residual disease. Since conventional flow cytometry or minimal sample perturbation assays fall short in obtaining the minimum numbers required to reach high sensitivity measurements, significant efforts may be needed to improve bulk lysis solution reagents.
Mobility target tracking with meta‐heuristic aided target movement prediction scheme in WSN using adaptive distributed extended Kalman filtering
Authors: Ramadevi N. , Subramanyam M. V. , Bindu C. Shoba 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn wireless sensor networks (WSNs), target tracking has been prominently raised in recent days. Because of the frequent utilization of WSN, the attention on target tracking is greatly increased. The estimated optimal value derived from the earlier moment is rarely taken into consideration in traditional target‐tracking algorithms. One of the most crucial uses of WSNs is mobile target tracking, and it is especially used for spying. Precision surveillance is heavily dependent on localization or distance estimation, and extensive study has been done in this area. This research aims to develop a new target‐tracking network‐assisted target movement prediction model in WSN with reduced energy consumption. The major phases involved in the proposed target movement prediction in WSN are (a) mobility target tracking and (b) target movement prediction. Initially, the mobility target tracking is done with the help of adaptive distributed extended Kalman filtering (ADEKF). The mobility target tracking performance is improved by optimally tuning the parameters from ADEKF with the support of the improved squid game optimizer (ISGO). Then, the target movement prediction phase is executed with the help of input parameters like “Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Received Signal Strength (RSS),” and the optimal progress of the mobile node is predicted. The implementation outcome of the proposed tracking network‐assisted target movement prediction model is validated concerning various performance metrics. Overall performance analysis shows that the developed model offers 2.5% in terms of RMSE measures. The developed model shows better analysis while validating with existing approaches.
Visibility of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma under iodine staining on texture and color enhancement imaging
Authors: Kato Tsunetaka , Hikichi Takuto , Nakamura Jun , Hashimoto Minami , Kobashi Ryoichiro , Yanagita Takumi , Takagi Tadayuki , Suzuki Rei , Sugimoto Mitsuru , Asama Hiroyuki , Sato Yuki , Shioya Yasuo , Kobayakawa Masao , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveIodine staining on white light imaging (WLI) is the gold standard for detecting and demarcating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We examined the effects of texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) on improving the endoscopic visibility of ESCC under iodine staining.MethodsTwenty ESCC lesions that underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection were retrospectively included. The color difference between ESCC and the surrounding mucosa (ΔEe) on WLI, TXI, and narrow‐band imaging was assessed, and ΔEe under 1% iodine staining on WLI and TXI. Furthermore, the visibility grade determined by endoscopists was evaluated on each imaging.ResultThe median ΔEe was greater on TXI than on WLI (14.53 vs. 10.71, respectively; p < 0.005). Moreover, the median ΔEe on TXI under iodine staining was greater than the median ΔEe on TXI and narrow‐band imaging (39.20 vs. 14.53 vs. 16.42, respectively; p < 0.005 for both). A positive correlation in ΔEe under iodine staining was found between TXI and WLI (correlation coefficient = 0.61, p < 0.01). Moreover, ΔEe under iodine staining on TXI in each lesion was greater than the corresponding ΔEe on WLI. The visibility grade assessed by endoscopists on TXI was also significantly greater than that on WLI under iodine staining (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe visibility of ESCC after iodine staining was greater on TXI than on WLI.
RSG1 is required for cilia‐dependent neural tube closure
Authors: Engelhardt David , Marean Amber , McKean David , Petersen Juliette , Niswander Lee 
Published: May 2024

SummaryCilia play a key role in the regulation of signaling pathways required for embryonic development, including the proper formation of the neural tube, the precursor to the brain and spinal cord. Forward genetic screens were used to generate mouse lines that display neural tube defects (NTD) and secondary phenotypes useful in interrogating function. We describe here the L3P mutant line that displays phenotypes of disrupted Sonic hedgehog signaling and affects the initiation of cilia formation. A point mutation was mapped in the L3P line to the gene Rsg1, which encodes a GTPase‐like protein. The mutation lies within the GTP‐binding pocket and disrupts the highly conserved G1 domain. The mutant protein and other centrosomal and IFT proteins still localize appropriately to the basal body of cilia, suggesting that RSG1 GTPase activity is not required for basal body maturation but is needed for a downstream step in axonemal elongation.
Research progress of lithium manganese iron phosphate cathode materials: From preparation to modification
Authors: Sun Kuo , Luo Shao‐Hua , Du Ningyuan , Wei Yu , Yan Shengxue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLiFePO4 is very promising for application in the field of power batteries due to its high specific capacity (170 mAh−1), stable structure, safety, low price, and environmental friendliness. However, it is well known that the slow electron transport and Li+ transport of LiFePO4 results in a rate performance that is far below the requirements for small batteries, resulting in a low LiFePO4 energy density. In order to solve this problem, LiMn1−xFexPO4 (LMFP) cathode material was synthesized by combining Fe and Mn in a certain ratio, and its material properties were improved. Here, we provide a detailed review of LiMn1−xFexPO4 anode material preparation. In addition, this review focuses on the preparation of LiMn1−xFexPO4 and several modification methods to compensate for the inherent deficiencies of certain materials, as well as predicting their future trends.
Quantification of modeling uncertainty in the Rayleigh damping model
Authors: Ghahari Farid , Sargsyan Khachik , Taciroglu Ertugrul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and accurately characterizing energy dissipation mechanisms in civil structures during earthquakes is an important element of seismic assessment and design. The most commonly used model is attributed to Rayleigh. This paper proposes a systematic approach to quantify the uncertainty associated with Rayleigh's damping model. Bayesian calibration with embedded model error is employed to treat the coefficients of the Rayleigh model as random variables using modal damping ratios. Through a numerical example, we illustrate how this approach works and how the calibrated model can address modeling uncertainty associated with the Rayleigh damping model.
Seismic and radon signatures: A multiparametric approach to monitor surface dynamics of a hazardous 2021 rock–ice avalanche, Chamoli Himalaya
Authors: Tiwari Anil , Sain Kalachand , Tiwari Jyoti , Kumar Amit , Kumar Naresh , Paul Ajay , Shukla Vaishali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe observation of precursory signals of the 2021 Chamoli rock–ice avalanche provides an opportunity to investigate the multidisciplinary analysis approach of rock failure. On 7 February 2021, a huge rock–ice mass detached from the Raunthi peak at Chamoli district in Uttarakhand, India. The tragic catastrophe resulted in more than 200 deaths and significant economic losses. Here, we analyse radon concentration and seismic signals to characterise the potential precursory anomalies prior to the detachment. Continuous peaks of radon anomalies were observed from the afternoon of 5 to 7 February and decreased suddenly after the event, while a cumulative number of seismic tremors and amplitude variations are more intensified ~2.30 h before the main event, indicating a static to dynamic phase change within the weak zone. This study not only characterises abnormal signals but also models the rock failure mechanisms. The analysis unveils three time‐dependent nucleation phases, physical mechanisms of signal generation and a complete scenario of physical factors that affected the degree of criticality of slope failure. The results of this study suggest gradual progression of rock cracks/joints, subsequent material creep and slip advancement acceleration preceded the final failure. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of an early warning system to mitigate the impact of events like the 2021 Chamoli rock–ice avalanche.
Novel yttrium and silicon co‐doped Li1.3+x+yAl0.3−xYxTi1.7Siy(P1−yO4)3 solid electrolyte for lithium batteries: Effect on ionic conductivity and crystal structure
Authors: Anwar Hirra , Shahid Hassaan Bin , Ahmad Haseeb , Nasir Khadija , Ali Zeeshan , Ali Ghulam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDoping of superfast ionic conductors like NASICON has been shown to boost ionic conductivity and the efficiency of lithium batteries. NASICON‐type yttrium and silicon‐doped lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) solid electrolytes have been synthesized via the conventional solid‐state method at different sintering temperatures. Their intrinsic physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties are analyzed using x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Yttrium and silicon co‐doped LATP (LAYTSP) powder sintered at 900°C exhibits homogeneous hexagonal morphology and better crystallinity than the pure LATP solid electrolyte synthesized by the same methodology. LAYSTP demonstrated a higher ionic conductivity of 5.98 × 10−6 S/cm at ambient conditions. Mixing 5%‐LiCl with LAYTSP‐900°C improved the ionic conductivity significantly up to 1.88 × 10−4 S/cm. Cell viability testing demonstrated that our cells exhibit long‐term stability and are suitable for applications requiring sustained high voltages.
Thermo‐physical characterisation of natural rocks and impact analysis of variations in their thermo‐physical properties on thermal storage performance
Authors: Seyitini Luckywell , Belgasim Basim , Enweremadu Christopher C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, the thermal characterisation of natural rock samples from Zimbabwe for low‐temperature industrial thermal energy storage (TES) applications was carried out. Thermal stability, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and density were determined. Variations in these parameters were evaluated and their impact on thermal storage performance was analysed. Basalt and dolerite samples from different locations were found to have average specific heat capacities of 826 and 853 J/kg K, respectively, at room temperature. Insignificant variations were observed with differences of 3.4% for basalt and 1.7% for dolerite samples. Also, negligible differences of 0.3% and 0.7% in densities for rocks of the same type but of different origins were obtained for basalt and dolerite samples, respectively. However, significant variations in thermal diffusivity of all the igneous and metamorphic samples were observed with quartzite rock exhibiting the highest value of 2.1 × 10−6 m2/s, while the values for the other samples range from 0.9 × 10−6 to 1.6 × 10−6 m2/s. This implies that the thermal efficiency of sensible TES systems that use different or the same rock types from different locations can be significantly high to be overlooked. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis results revealed that the rock samples studied have good thermal stability for low‐temperature heat storage applications.