bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Lithium and Boron on the Corrosion of Zircaloy-4 Under Demanding PWR-Type Conditions
Authors: Billot P , Yagnik S , Ramasubramanian N , Peybernes J , Pêcheur D 
Published: September 2009

We report here the investigations on the corrosion of Zircaloy-4 cladding in out-of-pile and in-pile loops. Tests were conducted on the cladding in the fresh, preoxidized, and preirradiated conditions. The exposures were in low and high lithium coolant, with and without boron, and under single-phase and two-phase heat transfer conditions.
In the out-of-pile loop tests, under single-phase heat transfer condition, acceleration was observed when lithium was at 70 ppm and higher. Boron abated the lithium effect. Under two-phase heat transfer conditions, increased corrosion was seen with 10 ppm lithium and 100 W/cm2 only at void fractions &gt;30%. Boron, even at 100 ppm, had an ameliorating effect. In the n-pile tests, with 4 and 10 ppm Li and 1000 ppm B for a total exposure of 240d, the exit void fraction was low (∼5%), compared to the out-of-pile tests (34%). The prefilmed oxide thickness varied from 5 to 50 μm, compared to 5 μm in the out-of-pile tests. However, an enhanced corrosion due to lithium was not observed.
Thin pretransition films, grown at locations corresponding to a zero void fraction, showed hundreds of ppm lithium in the case of oxides grown in high lithium coolant and tens of ppm lithium in the case of oxides grown in low lithium coolant. Addition of boron to the high lithium coolant reduced the lithium pickup by nearly an order of magnitude. In the case of thick post-transition oxides, the lithium depth profiles showed marked differences for films grown under single-phase (with high lithium in the coolant) and two-phase (with low lithium in the coolant) heat transfer conditions. In the former case, the lithium concentration was highand the profiles were flat. In the latter case, the lithium concentration was high only in the near surface layers and was one to two orders of magnitude less in the bulk of the oxide. It appears that lithium became concentrated in the liquid layer on the surface of the cladding, under conditions of boiling and high void fraction (&gt;30%), and resulted in rapid corrosion; subsequently, further corrosion had occurred in steam containing volatilized lithium hydroxide.
While some uncertainties regarding the lithium effect in-reactor remain from a mechanistic point of view, we have concluded that a lithium effect increasing rapidly the corrosion rate even towards the end of a fuel cycle, when the boron level is expected to be low, is highly unlikely. The heat flux and the void fraction, even under nucleate boiling conditions, would be quite low. In addition, with the lithium at 2 ppm and still some boron left in the coolant, the thermal hydraulics-water chemistry combination is far removed from the conditions of 10 ppm lithium, 100 W/cm2, and &gt;30% void fraction required to bring about an enhanced corrosion in ∼26d.
Wear of Articulating Surfaces: Understanding Joint Simulation
Authors: Brown SA , Gilbertson LN , Good VD 
Published: September 2009

Description
Thirteen peer-reviewed papers provide the latest information on simulator wear testing of orthopedic joint systems, as well as the relationship of simulated wear to clinical wear. Four sections cover:
Total Knee—addresses modeling and motion constraints of total knee simulation; including force control, soft tissue constraints, and slip velocity; and new concepts of modeling with neural networks or computational prediction of wear.
Vertebral Disc—covers simulation of total disc prostheses. These papers represent the early stages of establishing a correlation between wear patterns seen in simulators with those seen in the limited number of retrievals.
Lubricants and General—focuses on the biological effects of lubricants and wear debris. These papers emphasize the importance of effectively separating lubricant absorption from effects of wear and the problem of measuring low wear rates associated with radiation modified polyethylene.
Total Hip—examines different setups for total hip simulators.
Pavement Surface Condition/Performance Assessment: Reliability and Relevancy of Procedures and Technologies
Authors: Choubane Bouzid 
Published: September 2009

Description
This new ASTM publication presents the latest information on the practical and developmental aspects of pavement surface evaluation procedures and technologies, including their reliability and relevancy.
Seven peer-reviewed papers cover:
• Pavement surface characteristics measurement procedures and equipment
• Approaches to enhance the reliability and accuracy of pavement surface evaluation systems
• Approaches to harmonization between different measurement devices for specific pavement surface condition indicators
• Assessment of current pavement condition indicators and their relevancy level for use in asset management
• Assessment of factors influencing the interaction of tire/pavement surface characteristics
• Assessment of automated distress survey systems
• Evaluation of new/promising technologies for pavement condition surveys
Roof Flashings and Their Problems
Authors: Gumpertz W. H. 
Published: September 2009

Flashings must provide watertight connections between the various roof and wall elements. To do this, they must have flexibility, resistance against deterioration and physical damage, and compatibility with adjoining surfaces. Flashings can be classified into expansion joints, gravel stops and eave flashings, flashings at roof penetrations, connections of horizontal with vertical surfaces, and valleys and gutters. Flashings can be made of metals, built-up ingredients, or elastomeric materials.
Frequent failures of flashings can be caused by omission or improper use of expansion and relief joints; inadequate attention to the mechanical properties of materials involved and their thermal and moisture properties; disregard of design details; use of inadequate quantities of waterproofing materials; inadequate and careless workmanship; and exposure of materials to moisture and other damage before and after installation. Recommendations for proper design and construction of flashings are given.
Trends in Diabetes Prevalence and Diabetes-Related Complications in Older Mexican Americans From 1993–1994 to 2004–2005
Authors: Beard Holly A. , Al Ghatrif Majd , Samper-Ternent Rafael , Gerst Kerstin , Markides Kyriakos S. 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE
Evidence has shown that Mexican Americans have a higher prevalence of diabetes and a greater risk for diabetes-related complications than non-Hispanic whites. However, no studies have described the changes in prevalence among older Mexican Americans. The purpose of this study was to expand on the current literature by examining the trends in diabetes prevalence and diabetes-related complications in Mexican Americans aged ≥75 years from 1993–1994 to 2004–2005.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The prevalences of self-reported diabetes and diabetes-related complications were estimated in the original cohort (1993–1994) and the new cohort (2004–2005) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (Hispanic EPESE) and were compared across the two surveys.

RESULTS
The prevalence of diabetes among Mexican Americans aged ≥75 years has nearly doubled between 1993–1994 and 2004–2005 from 20.3 to 37.2%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). The increase in the prevalence of diabetes was similar across all sociodemographic factors. Diabetes complications did not change significantly between the two cohorts. However, the prevalence of having any lower-extremity function disability did increase between the two cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of diabetes in older Mexican Americans has increased dramatically. At the same time, there has been no improvement in diabetes-related complications as has been found in the general older population. These findings heighten the urgency for more effective public health interventions targeted to this population. As diabetes and obesity become more prevalent in older adults, physicians should encourage appropriate management in older patients, including early detection and glycemic control.
Increase in Plasma Endotoxin Concentrations and the Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 in Mononuclear Cells After a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal
Authors: Ghanim Husam , Abuaysheh Sanaa , Sia Ching Ling , Korzeniewski Kelly , Chaudhuri Ajay , Fernandez-Real Jose Manuel , Dandona Paresh 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) with that of a high-fiber and fruit meal on the concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), LPS-binding protein (LBP), the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) in mononuclear cells.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Healthy lean subjects were given 910 calories of either an HFHC meal (n = 10) or an American Heart Association (AHA)-recommended meal rich in fiber and fruit (n = 10) after an overnight fast. Blood was collected before and at 1, 2, and 3 h after the meal. Cellular indexes of oxidative and inflammatory stress; the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 in mononuclear cells; and plasma concentrations of LPS and LBP were measured.

RESULTS
HFHC meal intake induced an increase in plasma LPS concentration and the expression of SOCS-3, TLR2, and TLR4 protein, reactive oxygen species generation, and nuclear factor-κB binding activity (P &lt; 0.05 for all). These increases were totally absent after the AHA meal rich in fiber and fruit.

CONCLUSIONS
The novel changes described after the HFHC meal elucidate further the mechanisms underlying postprandial inflammation and also provide the first evidence explaining the pathogenesis of insulin and leptin resistance mediated by SOCS-3 after such meals. In contrast, an AHA meal does not induce these effects.
Notes sur quelques populations aquatiques de l'Archipel nusantarien
Authors: Pelras Christian 
Published: September 2009

(2) Christian Pelras (CRNS, Paris) next confronts the conclusions advanced by D.E. Sopher in his work The Sea Nomads (Singapore, 1965) with the informations that he, himself had collected on the occasion of his brief meetings with three "aquatic" populations of the archipeliago : namely, the Duano, who are settled at the mouths of a certain number of rivers in the State of Jahor in the Malaka Straits, and their neighbours, whom the Malays call for this reason Orang Kuala (The people of the Mouth); the Selétar, who are found around the marshy delta of the Pulai River, near the Straits of Jahor; and the Sama, better known in the literature under the name of Bajo. Who live in the Gulf of Boné (Celebes).
In the light of these facts, it appears that neither on the level of material culture, nor on that of institutions, nor on that of language, are these different populations to be simply assimulated one to another. Their diversity is such that at the present time there can be no question of a certain cultural unity or even less of an ethnic one.
However, the comparisons of vocabularies shows that, contrary to the western groups, the eastern groups located from northern Borneo and the Suli Sea to the Lesser Sunda Islands, even though fragmented and often considering themselves perfectly distinct one from another, in fact all speak dialects of the same original language. That original community is also known by the fact that they are all known by the same names of Bajo (Bajau) or Sama (Samar, Samales). On the other hand the western speech and the eastern dialets have in common a clear affinity with Malay, which seems to confirm the hypothesis of Sopher according to which the center of difusion of these populations is to be Sound in the archipeliago. It is therefore not excluded that they could have a common origin with the Malays; their different histories and their present localazations are perhaps to be connected with the history of the maritime states of Sumatra and with the geography of certain commercial fishermen of archipelago.
Société peranakan et utopie: deux romans sino-malais (1934-1939)
Authors: Salmon-Lombard Claudine 
Published: September 2009

4. Claudine Lombard-Salmon (CNRS, Paris) memperkenalkan dua buah roman Melaju-Tionghoa jang ditulis pada tahun 1934 dan 1939 oleh seorang pengarang peranakan Liem-Khing-hoo (nama samaran Romano) dan kedua2nja terbit dalam madjalah Tjerita Roman jang ter- bit sebelum perang di Surabaja. Roman pertama berdjudul Berdjoeang mentjeriterakan bagaimana segolongan penganggur tjina di Djawa me- mutuskan untuk melepaskan diri dari kesengsaraan dengan mendiri- kan suatu masjarakat jang ideal di hutan2 Kalimantan; roman kedua berdjudul Masjarakat menggambarkan pedagang2 di Djawa Timur jang mentjoba untuk menanggulangi kesukaran2 ekonomi jang menim- pa mereka, dengan mempersatukan diri, dan mengorganisir produksi dan dengan mentjoba untuk mengurangi pengangguran dengan sistim kapitalis sosial.
Kedua roman utopik ini mengungkapkan pribadi pengarangnja sendiri, pribadi jang terpetjah antara idé2 barat dan nilai nenek mojang- nja Tionghoa, dan djuga rasa takut dirobohkannja sistim bordjuis pe- ranakan oleh "malaise" sebelum tahun 30.
A Mosque of Arab origin in Singapore : History, Functions and Networks
Authors: Abaza Mona 
Published: September 2009

Mona Abaza
This paper attempt to draw a close picture on an Arab origin mosque in Singapore, the Ba'alawi mosque. It attempts to bring detailed material on the physical and social setting of the mosque to reveal the networks with the Middle East and the cosmopolitanism of its Imam. This paper will briefly highlight the history of the Arabs and this mosque. It will moreover focus on everyday activities of the mosque and upon the hawl (the commemoration of the death of the father of the Imam).
Un tableau commémorant le martyre de Pierre Berthelot « à Achem», dans l'église Sainte-Catherine de Honfleur (Calvados)
Authors: Lombard-Jourdan Anne , Lombard Denys 
Published: September 2009

Anne Lombard-Jourdan et Denys Lombard
The small port of Honfleur (situated to the southwest of the Seine estuary in Normandy) was in times past a point of departure for numerous expeditions going to Canada and the East Indies. The ancient, wooden church of Sainte- Catherine in Honfleur contains a stone inscription commemorating the beatification in 1900 (by His Holiness Leo the 13th) of Pierre Berthelot, a native of the region. The inscription reads : «Born and baptised at Saint- Catherine on 12 December 1600... Cosmograph of the King of Portugal... Carmelite, martyr for the faith at Achem in Sumatra... in 1638 ». There is also a painting representing the martyrdom of Pierre Berthelot. A famous regional artist, A. Voisard-Margerie, painted it in 1926 (and not without some imagination). These sources provide us with a fascinating personality, Pierre Berthelot (about whom we still know very little), who left for the East Indies with Augustin de Beaulieu (1619). Berthelot travelled to Goa (where he became a Carmelite under the name of Denis de la Nativité and where he also became a friend of the Portugese Governor). The Governor sent Berthelot on a mission to the Sultan Iskandar Thani in Aceh. There he died 1638 in circumstances which have yet to be adequately explained.
Une curiosité oubliée : le «Livre de dessins faits dans un voyage aux Indes par un voyageur hollandais » du marquis de Paulmy
Authors: Scalliet Marie-Odette 
Published: September 2009

Marie-Odette Scalliet
The seventeenth century Dutch artist Andries Beeckman, travelling to Java in the 1650s as soldier of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), has long been known for his famous oil painting of a lively market scene in Batavia, in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Recently, the author (re-)discovered an important collection of fifty-five opaque water colours (gouache) drawings in the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, Paris, formerly in the possession of Antoine René d'Argenson, marquis de Paulmy (1722-1787). This find at once greatly multiplies the number of known works by Beeckman. The charming series of drawings portray a great array of peoples then living in Batavia, such as a Javanese, a Mardijker, a mestizzo, several Chinese, a Japanese, slave women engaged in menial tasks, and an Ambonese in war dance. This preliminary article anticipates a work of greater length on Beeckman, his whereabouts in Batavia, and the Paris collection.
Ratna Cartier-Bresson. A fragmented portrait
Authors: Helmi Kunang 
Published: September 2009

Kunang Helmi
Ratna Cartier-Bresson was born in Batavia in 1904 and spent her formative years on Java. She changed her name several times when she trained as a dancer in both traditional Javanese and modern contemporary dance forms while still in the Netherlands East Indies. Ratna was not only attractive, but also endowed with a quicksilver temperament and lively intelligence, accentuated by a great sense of humour. It was thus she appeared on the scene in the Paris of the 1930s where artists, writers and painters congregated in the cafés of Montparnasse. She was destined to make Paris her home for the rest of her life when she married the now famous photographer Henri Cartier- Bresson in 1937. Ratna was to die in 1988 far away from those islands bathed in sunlight where she had spent her youth. Her travels had taken her all over the globe during the struggle for indépendance of many new nations in Asia and Africa. A surprising and unusual life for a woman in the days when Indonesian women were very rarely seen outside of the former Dutch colony.
Globalisation in Java in the 16th Century. A Review of Pramoedya's Arus Balik
Authors: Scherer Savitri 
Published: September 2009

Savitri Scherer
This is a review of Pramoedya A. Toer's Arus Balik. In 751 pages the novel traces the period between the declining years of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom Majapahit, represented here by the coastal kingdom of Tuban (whose king Wilatikta had only recently been converted to Islam), and the rise in importance of the Muslim maritime coastal kingdoms represented by Demak, and Japara. The novel opens with an unannounced attack by Demak on Japara which was originally a dependancy of Tuban. Soon after that, the ruler of Japara, Adipati Unus, sends a military campaign against Portuguese Malacca, which fails. Unus himself is killed. The novel ends after the king of Demak, Trenggana, a brother of Unus, dies during his campaign to subjugate another non-Islamic kingdom Panarukan. The novel elaborates on the divisive and destructive condition of these weakened Javanese coastal kingdoms. In real historical time, Tuban was an important and prosperous independent port kingdom until it was finally defeated by Mataram in 1619. In the novel Tuban is already depicted as being in its downward cycle, one century before the real historical attack from Mataram, the strong agricultural based Javanese kingdom against which the Dutch traders had to fight before they established their colonial administration on the island.
In writing this historical novel, its author (Pramoedya) takes a view as to who was to blame for the bad situation in the weakened coastal kingdoms, as depicted in the work, a situation which contributed to the increasing penetration of foreign traders in the archipelago, (and eventually to the Dutch colonisation of the area).
The review analyses the novel by comparing its internal logic with the historical reality of 16th century Java. It also remarks on the timing of publication, which coincided with the 50th anniversary of the independence of Indonesia from the Dutch.
In that context, the review argues that the author glamorises the grandeur of Majapahit and disapproves of the trading activities conducted by the Muslim coastal kingdoms, because they contributed to the increasing foreign penetration of Java and its fatal destructive impact. One of the foci of the novel is the king Wilatikta of Tuban. This king is depicted as trade-crazy and wishy-washy, and is argued in the novel as a contributor to the destruction of his own kingdom.
Pramoedya's literary choices as depicted in Arus Balik may explain why even 50 years after Indonesia's independence, aggressive, authoritarian and warring historical rulers like Pati Unus, continue to be tolerable, while a liberal figure like king Wilatikta has difficulties increasing his popular rating even amongst the Indonesian intelligentsia.
The Correspondence of Kartini's Sisters : Annotations on the Indonesian Nationalist Movement, 1905-1925
Authors: Coté Joost 
Published: September 2009

Joost Coté
This article surveys the unpublished correspondence of the four sisters of Kartini, Roekmini, Kardinah, Kartinah and Soematrie, written to Rosa Abendanon-Mandri, in the period 1905 to 1925. The period covered by this correspondence throws some light on the life of women from this stratum of society in Java at the time. At the same time it contributes to a more adequate contextualisation of the life and correspondence of Raden Ajeng Kartini herself, whose correspondence has been the subject of attention for most of this century. Together the correspondence by the five sisters forms a continuous archive of private correspondence, amounting to almost three hundred letters, stretching over a quarter of a century which is probably unique in Indonesian history. Carefully considered, this represents a significant source for the historical investigation of the 'inner domain' of this stratum of Javanese society.
The article represents a preview of the letters currently being translated for publication. The writer argues that these can be read as indicative of an emerging culture of modernity amongst an educated and modernist generation of Javanese elite. The correspondence shows how the strands of feminism and nationalism, apparent in Kartini's writing, are extended in the context of a rapidly changing Java, and how the emerging debates about Indonesian national identity impinged directly on the nascent feminist discourse. While the claims made for the value of this correspondence are modest, and attention is drawn to their focus on continuing the relationship established by Kartini and Roekmini with Rosa Abendanon, the Javanese women writers are shown to inhabit a rapidly changing world within which they continued to negotiate a feminist agenda. At the same time, intrusions into the correspondence by their husbands make clear how an emerging Indonesian nationalism incorporated within it a new patriarchy which demanded that women safeguard the inner domain of the cultural identity upon which the nationalist project was based.
Babad Sangkala and the Javanese sense of history
Authors: Ricklefs M.C. 
Published: September 2009

Merle C. Ricklefs
There is a tradition of scepticism about the historical value of Javanese chronicles (babad), which has led to a privileging of European sources in the study of Javanese history. This scepticism may rest upon doubt whether the Javanese even have a sense of history.
This paper argues that there is ample evidence in Javanese chronicles of a vibrant sense of the past. It analyses particularly Babad Sangkala. The original version of this work (Leiden cod. or. 4097) seems to have been completed c. 1750 and is shown here to be very accurate in its account of the reign of Pakubuwana II (1726-49). This babad demonstrates that in the mid-eighteenth century there was a Javanese chronicle tradition which assumed that events occurred in a sequence, that they had causes and consequences, that they could be judged and that the past was worth both knowing and recording accurately. This demonstration that Javanese chronicle writers could be concerned to record the past with precision is essential to showing that the Javanese were indubitably people with a sense of history and a capacity to record it. Clearly therefore historians of pre-colonial Java are as much obliged to take Javanese sources seriously as historians of France or Germany are obliged to use French or German sources. The author expresses regret that this seems not yet to be accepted by all scholars of Javanese history.