bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_148A: Difference in unmet supportive care needs of patients and informal caregivers with advanced cancer, between developed and developing countries: A scoping review
Authors: Malar Madhu P , Jain Animesh , Holla Ramesh , Rao Rajath , Rao Mithun , Jose Jobinse 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cancer’s global impact is surging, burdening both developed and developing nations. Therapeutic advances extend life but heighten morbidity, highlighting unmet needs. This review aims to investigate differing unmet supportive care needs for advanced cancer patients and caregivers between developing and developed countries.

Objectives:
1. To identify and summarize the existing literature on unmet supportive care needs in patients and their informal caregivers, under groups of developed and developing countries 2. To examine the differences between the needs of the two groups

Methodology:
The review includes quantitative studies assessing the unmet supportive care needs of adult advanced cancer patients and their caregivers. Excluded are clinical-focused, pilot/protocol works, non-English content, and those not directly assessing needs. Exhaustive searches were conducted on PubMed and SCOPUS up to August 2023. Boolean search combining “advanced cancer” and “unmet supportive care needs” was executed. Results were screened on title, abstract, full text. Studies were grouped by country, and categorized as developed or developing based on HDI. Data was collected on standardized data extraction sheets.

Results:
Cancer patients and caregivers globally, irrespective of economic development, grapple with substantial unmet needs such as psychological distress, economic hardships, and limited access to comprehensive information. Developing countries, in particular, confront heightened financial difficulties, healthcare disparities between urban and rural areas, and a lack of tailored support for disease-specific requirements. Cultural nuances and regional disparities contribute to varied challenges, with a notable research gap in understanding the diverse struggles faced by individuals in developing countries.

Conclusion:
Recognizing and addressing the nuanced challenges faced by cancer patients and caregivers, particularly in developing countries, is crucial for fostering equitable and comprehensive cancer care. Bridging these gaps requires targeted interventions that account for cultural diversity, regional variations, and the unique needs of individuals navigating the complexities of cancer.
IJCM_150A: A profile of Head and Neck Cancer patients attending a tertiary cancer care centre in Southern Karnataka
Authors: Shankar Vaishna M , Shetty Ranjitha S , Salins Shirley Lewis , Mallya Sneha Deepak , Kunder Manjula Anil , Bhat Vasudev , Salins Naveen , Upadya Sudhakara P , Balaji  
Published: April 2024

Background:
Overall, 57.5% of head and neck cancers (HNC) globally are from Asia. In India, HNC accounted for 30% of all cancers in males and 11 to 16% in females, of all sites of cancer. HNC in the low- and middle-income countries differ from those in the Western part of the globe in terms of age, site of disease, etiology, and molecular biology. Poverty, illiteracy, advanced stage at presentation, lack of access to affordable treatment facilities pose a major challenge in management of these cancers.

Objective:
To identify the socio-demographic and epidemiological factors influencing the cause of Head and neck cancer

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted between February 2023 till November 2023, in Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. All the newly diagnosed Head and Neck cancer (HNC) patients aged above 18 years, from December 2022 were included in the study. The participants were interviewed with the structured questionnaire. Details of the socio-demographic characteristics, various risk factors of HNC, presenting symptoms, co-morbid conditions, anthropometric details, dietary habits, level of physical activity when they were healthy, tobacco, alcohol and betel quid use were taken. Institutional Ethics Committee Approval and informed consent from the participants were taken before the initiation of the study

Results:
The study found that 84% of the head and neck cancer patients were males. 78% of the cases had education only up to or less than 10th std. The middle class and lower class (according to BG prasad scale) constituted 62% of the cases. 70% reported the site of cancer as oral cavity.

Conclusion:
The study found that consumption of tobacco, alcohol andNon-vegetarian diet are more commonly seen in HNC cases. Also, males, age group of 51-70 years, belonging to middle-class SES, are more affected.
IJCM_151A: Proportion of primary oesophageal cancer in persons with previous head and neck cancer in upper Assam
Authors: Devi Sagolsem Marycharan , Mahanta BN , Mahanta Tulika Goswami 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Head and neck cancer highest amongst Indian states reported from Assam and is the leading cancer in men and third leading cancer in women. Due to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis prognosis of oesophageal cancer is poor. As mass screening for oesophageal cancer is neither feasible nor reasonable, high-risk groups should be identified and surveilled.

Objective:
To estimate the proportion of primary oesophageal cancer in persons with previous head and neck cancer in upper Assam.

Methodology:
A match case-control design with equal allocation was conducted in Assam Medical College in 2017. A total of, 232 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with age and gender matched controls were evaluated with chromoendoscopy for possible second malignancy in oesophagus. Structured questioning using predesigned pretested schedule was done. Data analysis was done by using rates, ratio and proportion.

Results:
Men women ratio of the study participants was 79.3%:20.7%(184:48). According to site of primary lesion, majority having hypo-pharyngeal lesions (33%), followed by oral cavity(25%), oropharynx(18%) and nasopharynx(4%), respectively. Out of 232 patients, 64(27.59%) showed presence of varieties of oesophageal abnormalities

Conclusion:
Counselling all patients and screening of high- risk group specially those with previous head and neck cancer along with health awareness creation and timely intervention may be effective in risk reduction.
IJCM_158A: Usage and disposal of plastic waste among general population in urban slums of Field practice area, Gandhi medical college, Telangana.
Authors: Jatoth Madhavi DR , Sushmitha T. , Koteswaramma CH. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Plastics, owing to their ease of use and affordability, have taken over every aspect of our modern world. It has become an essential aspect of our everyday lives, permeating every sector from food packaging to toys and electronics, to the degree that it is unimaginable to picture a world without it. Plastic takes around 15 to 1000 years to biodegrade. The consumption of plastic by individuals and the ineffective reuse or recycling of it has detrimental effects on the ecosysystem. Overusing plastic and neglecting disposal solutions for plastic over a long time led not only India but many other nations to adopt laws to limit plastic because of its increasing environmental damage.

Objectives:
1. To determine the utilization and disposal of plastic waste among general population in urban slums. 2. To study association between sociodemographic factors and plastic usage and disposal.

Methodology:
Study Design: A cross sectional analytical study Study Population: General population residing in urban slum Sampling Technique: Simple random sampling Sample Size:216 (p= 50%, l= 7, NR=10%) Study Tools: Self-designed, semi structured, pilot-tested questionnaire will be used for the data collection which will be entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS statistical software version 20.

Results:
Usage of plastic was seen in all the study participants and more than 96% of them were reusing the plastics more than once. Most common method was disposing plastic in municipal dust bins (60.2%) followed by open dumping (20.9%), whereas 16.4% were reusing them for other purposes. Level of education and religion has no association with proper disposal of plastic waste. Present study observed that there was a significantly high percentage (96.1%) of three generation families were following proper plastic waste disposal methods followed by nuclear and Joint families with 56.9% and 48.8% respectively. with P≤0.05.

Conclusion:
Most common method was disposing plastic in municipal dust bins followed by open dumping. Level of education and religion has no association with proper disposal of plastic waste.
IJCM_159A: Descriptive study on determinants of indoor air pollution and its perceived impact on health among residents of urban field practice area of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Subhashrao Kulkarni Kulbhushan , Mundada Vinod D. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Indoor air pollution is the presence of unwanted substances in the indoor at concentration toxic to health. According to WHO, around 3.8 million deaths occur due to indoor air pollution every year. Very few studies have addressed indoor air pollution. Thus, this study aimed at determinants of indoor air pollution and its perceived impact on health among residents.

Objectives:
1. To study the determinants of indoor air pollution among residents of urban field practice area of a tertiary care hospital. 2. To study the perceived impact of indoor air pollution on health among residents of urban field practice area of a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:
A community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 105 households of urban field practice area of a tertiary care hospital during August 2023 to October 2023. Data collection was done using predesigned pre tested interview schedule which consists of sociodemographic characteristics, sources of indoor air pollution, checklist of contributory factors of air pollutants and related symptoms/diseases.

Results:
About 45.7% households had second hand smoke in house. Smoke from the neighbourhood troubled 38% respondents. 33.3% households had IAP owing to vehicular exhausts. 75.2% houses were having absence of cross ventilation and 68.5% houses were poorly ventilated. Also, 60.9% houses reported overcrowding. About 53.3% complained of having at least one symptom of IAP.

Conclusion:
Majority of the households were exposed to IAP due to second hand smoke, neighborhood smoke while absence of cross ventilation accented it. Efforts to address IAP should be made to protect residents from adverse health effects.
IJCM_160A: Occupational Burnout among Medical residents in tertiary health care centre in Mangalore: A cross sectional study
Authors: Jain Aayushi , Patel Sakshi , Jain Kanisha , Gaur Drishti , Rajasingh Stafin Stephen , Shekhar Dishi , Saha Partho , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Rathi Priya , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Burnout in medical profession can reduce the work output and affect the clinical decision making.

Objectives:
To estimate the proportion of medical residents experiencing burnout.

Methodology:
In this cross-sectional study, 172 medical residents working in the hospitals affiliated with Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore were assessed for presence of burnout. Permission was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee before the commencement of the study. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory scale was used to determine the presence of burnout syndrome among the participants.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 27.6 years and a high proportion (n=93, 53.8%) of the participants were males. Forty-eight percent (n=83) of the participants in our study had burnout. A high proportion (n=35, 42.2%) of the participants with burnout were from first year of residency. Burnout was observed in the majority of unmarried males. Burnout was also seen to be highest in younger residents, and those who lacked adequate sleep.

Conclusion:
The proportion of occupational burnout among medical residents in our study was found to be very high. Early identification of the presence of burnout in the healthcare profession and initiating steps to reduce it can help them to provide uncompromised quality care to the patients.
IJCM_164A: Association between Sleep Quality and Short-Term memory among medical students in mangalore
Authors: Mithra Prasanna , Keerthana Lakshmi T , Agarwal Avinika , Pohekar Shalvi , Parhi Anjalika , Shetty Varsha , Singh Shuvam 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining cognitive functions, including memory, which is essential for academic performance. However, there is limited research exploring the relationship between sleep quality and short-term memory among medical students.

Methodology:
Fourth-semester MBBS students from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, were selected using non- random convenience sampling. A total of 195 students participated, completing a standardized sleep quality assessment (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire-based short-term memory test. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, with correlation tested using Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation Test.

Results:
The majority (56.4%) of participants exhibited good sleep quality, with 69.1% of these achieving high scores in short-term memory assessment tasks. A negative correlation (r = -0.450, p < 0.001) was found between sleep quality and short-term memory scores. Students with good sleep quality were more likely to have higher short-term memory scores compared to those with poor sleep quality.

Conclusion:
The study suggests that good sleep quality is associated with better short-term memory performance among medical students. These findings underscore the importance of promoting good sleep habits to enhance cognitive function and academic performance in medical education.
IJCM_172A: Risk Scoring of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coverage of Screening Services through Primary Health Care System among Adults in a Block of Murshidabad District, West Bengal
Authors: Sarder Tarek Anower , Akbar Fasihul , Ghosh Ritu , Mandal Sukanta , Das Dilip Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health challenge. Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), a simple and cost-effective tool consisting of two modifiable (waist circumference, physical activity) and two non-modifiable risk factors (age, parental history) for diabetes, can be easily applied in mass screening programmes. Opportunistic screening for diabetes among individuals aged = 30 years is being done under the programme for Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases.

Objective:
To assess the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus using IDRS, coverage of screening services for diabetes through the primary health care delivery system and to identify their correlates.

Methodology: :
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a block of Murshidabad district, West Bengal during September to November 2023 among permanent residents aged = 30 years on a calculated sample of 300 selected through multi-stage sampling. Required data were collected by interviewing the study subjects using pre-designed, pre-tested schedule including IDRS, reviewing medical records and measuring waist circumference. Analysis was done using SPSS-20.

Results:
Among 300 participants, 40.7% had high risk; 54% and 5.3% had moderate and low risk of diabetes respectively according to IDRS. In multivariable analysis, age =35 years (AOR 18.10, 95% CI 5.07-64.66), female gender (AOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.40-4.00) and being in joint family (AOR 3.53, 95% CI 1.77-7.04) were significant correlates for high-risk category according to IDRS. Only 67% were screened for diabetes within last six months, of which 89% were through primary health care delivery system. Screening status varied significantly by age group (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.98-7.35) and IDRS risk categories (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.06-2.80).

Conclusion:
Alarmingly substantial proportion of people in the area are at high/moderate risk of diabetes coupled with low opportunistic screening coverage, which highlights the need for intensive behaviour change communication and stronger service delivery.
IJCM_175A: Attitude towards the proposed changes by Medical Council of India (MCI) in MBBS curriculum and mandatory rural posting among medical undergraduate students
Authors: Nikhilesh R. , Aggarwal Shagun , Gupta Anubhav , Vardhan Arohi , Lonkar Aishwarya , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The Medical Council of India (MCI) has proposed significant changes to the MBBS curriculum, including mandatory rural postings for undergraduate medical students, to address healthcare disparities. Understanding student attitudes towards these reforms is crucial for successful implementation.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 215 undergraduate students at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Participants completed a semi-structured questionnaire assessing demographics, awareness of reforms, and attitudes towards curriculum changes and rural postings. Data were analyzed using SPSS v17.0, with perceptions measured on a 5-point Likert scale.

Results:
Student attitudes towards the proposed reforms were diverse. While some welcomed early clinical exposure and incentives for rural postings, others expressed concerns about implementation challenges and career implications. Family background, incentives, and perceptions of rural practice significantly influenced attitudes.

Conclusion:
The study underscores the complexity of student perspectives on MCI’s reforms. Targeted interventions and dialogue are essential to address concerns and enhance acceptance, facilitating successful implementation.
IJCM_180A: Risk factors for hemorrhoids among patients attending selected tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore: A matched case control study
Authors: Jain Animesh , Suresh Karthika , Santhosh Vishnu , Karjol Sachin , Achar Nikita , Kejriwal Ayushi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Hemorrhoids is a common anorectal condition affecting a vast majority of population all around the world. The establishment of a definite association of hemorrhoids with bowel habits and other factors like BMI is less explored.

Objectives:
To find out the association of hemorrhoids especially with bowel habits and to establish the association of BMI with respect to the onset of hemorrhoids.

Methodology:
This case control study was conducted among 90 cases and controls from the hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical college, Mangalore. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29. Uni-variate analysis was done, and the odds ratio and confidence levels were tested and determined using binary logistic regression.

Results:
Majority of the controls were normal with respect to BMI categorization (36.8%) whereas 34.9% of the cases were obese (p=0.095)

.
The number of people who consumed mixed diet was greater in the cases (72.3%) than in the controls (64.4%). 61.5% of patients complained of blood in stools compared to 2.2% of controls, there were 10.5% of cases with pus in stools and none in controls (p=0.249). Use of laxatives was seen in 27.7% of cases and only 2.1% of controls (p=0.001). A total score of >=15 was indicative of constipation. 12.8% showed constipation compared to none in the controls. (p=0.026).

Conclusion:
Association of constipation with hemorrhoids was statistically significant. The occurrence of hemorrhoids was not associated with the body mass index of the individual and the occurrence of diarrhea was not significant with respect to hemorrhoids.
IJCM_19A: Aspirin delays the onset of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among nulliparous pregnant women: a secondary analysis of the ASPIRIN Trial
Authors: Kavi Avinash , Hoffman Matthew K. , Somannavar  , Metgud Mrityunjay C. , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Moore Janet , Nielsen Eleanor , Goco Norman , Derman Richard J 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) remain a primary contributor for maternal and perinatal death and results in long-term health risks for both the mother and child. Heterogeneous studies have evaluated the possible benefit of low dose aspirin (50 to 150 mg per day) in pregnancy to minimize the risk of HDP.

Objective:
To assess the impact of low-dose Aspirin (LDA) starting in early pregnancy on delaying preterm hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Methodology:
This was a non-prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized masked trial of Low-dose Aspirin (LDA). Nulliparous singleton pregnancies between 6 weeks and 0 days and 13 weeks 6 days in 6 low- middle income countries (Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Zambia) enrolled in the ASPIRIN Trial were included. The incidence of HDP at delivery at three gestational age periods (< 37 weeks) between women who were randomized to Aspirin or Placebo. Women were included if they were randomized and had an outcome at or beyond 20 weeks (Modified Intent to Treat).

Results:
Amongst the 11,976 pregnancies, LDA did not significantly lower HDP at delivery.

Conclusion:
In low-risk nulliparous singleton pregnancies, early administration of LDA resulted in lower rates of preterm HDP and delivery before 34 and 37 weeks. LDA works in part by delaying HDP.
IJCM_195A: Prevalence of Drug Adherence Among Hypertensive Patients attending Primary Health Centre - A Cross sectional Study
Authors: Arunachalam Divya Priya , Maheswari Uma , Damodaran  
Published: April 2024

Background:
There is an increase in prevalence of hypertension 31.5% in urban and 26.2% in rural dwellers of Tamil Nadu (ICMR-INDIAB study). Adherence to hypertension medication is very important for improving the quality of life and preventing complications. In this study we aim to estimate the drug adherence among hypertensive patients using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.

Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of drug adherence and its influencing factors among hypertensive patients in Rural Health Training Centre areas of Madras Medical College.

Methodology:
180 Hypertensive patients attending Non-Communicable Disease clinic from two rural health centres 90 patients from each Padiyanallur PHC and Medavakkam PHC were recruited for the study. In this study we have used The Morisky Scale MMAS-4 to address medication adherence.

Results:
Study results showed that 32.62% of hypertensive patients had high adherence to antihypertensive medications,53.48% patients had medium adherence whereas 13.9% patients had low adherence. Adherence to drug is higher among females (36.9%) than males (29.1%). Patients with low to medium adherence to antihypertensive drugs are having more than 10% risk of developing cardiovascular disease (OR – 3.6, 95% CI – 1.86 to 6.75) than their counterpart. Patients with good knowledge (42%) had high adherence than people with poor knowledge (24.2%)

Conclusion:
The study reported only 32.62% were found to be adherent to antihypertensive medications. To ensure high level of control among hypertensive sustained and focussed interventions should be implemented at all levels of health care.