bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanotubes on Polymeric Microcapsules: Free‐Standing Structures and Point‐Wise Laser Openings
Authors: Yashchenok Alexey M. , Bratashov Daniil N. , Gorin Dmitry A. , Lomova Maria V. , Pavlov Anton M. , Sapelkin Andrei V. , Shim Bong Sup , Khomutov Gennady B. , Kotov Nicholas A. , Sukhorukov Gleb B. , Möhwald Helmuth , Skirtach Andre G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSingle‐wall carbon nanotubes modified by anionic polyelectrolyte molecules are embedded into the shells of microcapsules. Carbon nanotubes serve as rigid rods in a softer polymeric capsule, which forms a free‐standing shell upon treatment with glutaraldehyde and subsequent drying. The embedded carbon nanotubes exhibit a broad absorption in the UV–near‐infrared part of the spectrum, and that allows point‐wise activation and opening of the microcapsules by laser. Raman signal analysis shows changes of carbon‐nanotube‐specific lines after high‐power laser irradiation, which is characteristic of the formation of disordered carbonlike structures. These polyelectrolyte/carbon nanotube composite capsules represent a novel light‐addressable type of microcontainers.
Distribution of lymphoid neoplasms in the Republic of Korea: Analysis of 5318 cases according to the World Health Organization classification
Authors: Yoon Sun Och , Suh Cheolwon , Lee Dae Ho , Chi Hyun‐Sook , Park Chan Jeoung , Jang Seong‐Soo , Shin Hai‐Rim , Park Bong‐Hee , Huh Jooryung 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCompared with the West, the overall incidence of lymphoid neoplasms is lower, and the subtype distribution is distinct in Asia. To comprehensively investigate the subtype distribution with the age and sex factors, and temporal changes of subtype proportions, we re‐assessed all patients with lymphoid neoplasms diagnosed at a large oncology service in the Republic of Korea from 1989 to 2008 using the World Health Organization classifications. Of the total 5,318 patients, 66.9% had mature B‐cell neoplasms, 12.5% had mature T/natural killer (NK)‐cell neoplasms, 16.4% had precursor lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL/LBL), and 4.1% had Hodgkin's lymphoma. The most common subtypes were diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (30.5%), plasma cell myeloma (14.0%), extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT lymphoma; 12.4%), B‐cell ALL/LBL (11.3%), Hodgkin's lymphoma (4.1%), peripheral T‐cell lymphoma unspecified (4.0%), T‐cell ALL/LBL (3.9%), and extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma of nasal type (3.9%). Most subtypes showed male predominance, with an average M/F ratio of 1.3. Most mature lymphoid neoplasms were diseases of adults (mean age, 53.5 yr), whereas ALL/LBLs were of young individuals (mean age, 20.3 yr). When the relative proportion of subtypes were compared between two decades (1989–1998 vs. 1999–2008), especially MALT lymphoma has increased in proportion, whereas T/NK‐cell neoplasms and ALL/LBL have slightly decreased. In summary, the lymphoid neoplasms of Koreans shared some epidemiologic features similar to those of other countries, whereas some subtypes showed distinct features. Although the increase in incidence of lymphoid neoplasms is relatively modest in Korea, recent increase of MALT lymphoma and decrease of T/NK‐cell neoplasms and ALL/LBL are interesting findings. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV and sexually transmitted disease risk among male Hispanic/Latino migrant farmworkers in the Southeast: Findings from a pilot CBPR study
Authors: Rhodes Scott D. , Bischoff Werner E. , Burnell Jacqueline M. , Whalley Lara E. , Walkup Michael P. , Vallejos Quirina M. , Quandt Sara A. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Chen Haiying , Arcury Thomas A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk behaviors of Hispanic/Latino farmworkers. This study was designed to describe risk factors for HIV and STD infection, explore personal characteristics associated with condom use, and evaluate the feasibility of collecting self‐report and biomarker data from farmworkers.MethodsSelf‐report and biomarker data were collected from a sample of male farmworkers living in 29 camps in North Carolina during the 2008 growing season.ResultsOver half of the 100 male workers, mean age 37.1 (range 19–68) years, reported binge drinking during the past 12 months. Forty percent of those who reported having had sex during the past 3 months indicated that they were under the influence of alcohol. Knowledge of HIV and STD transmission and prevention was low. Among the 25 workers who reported having had sex during the past 3 months, 16 and 2 reported using a condom consistently during vaginal and anal sex, respectively, and nearly 1 out of 6 workers reported paying a woman to have sex. Two workers tested positive for syphilis.ConclusionsFarmworkers in this sample demonstrated significant HIV and STD risks; however, when exploring potential bivariate associations with consistent condom use no statistically significant associations were identified perhaps due to the small sample size. Because it was feasible to collect self‐report and biomarker data related to HIV and STDs from Hispanic/Latino farmworkers, research needed to further explore risks and develop interventions to reduce disease exposure and transmission among this vulnerable population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:976–983, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted Metabolomics for Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Griffiths William J. , Koal Therese , Wang Yuqin , Kohl Matthias , Enot David P. , Deigner Hans‐Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMetabolomics is a truly interdisciplinary field of science, which combines analytical chemistry, platform technology, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy with sophisticated data analysis. Applied to biomarker discovery, it includes aspects of pathobiochemistry, systems biology/medicine, and molecular diagnostics and requires bioinformatics and multivariate statistics. While successfully established in the screening of inborn errors in neonates, metabolomics is now widely used in the characterization and diagnostic research of an ever increasing number of diseases. In this Review we highlight important technical prerequisites as well as recent developments in metabolomics and metabolomics data analysis with special emphasis on their utility in biomarker identification and qualification, as well as targeted metabolomics by employing high‐throughput mass spectrometry.
Polymerization of epoxidized soybean oil with maleinized soybean oil and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene mixtures
Authors: Öztürk Cem , Küsefoğlu Selim H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, maleinized soybean oil triglycerides (SOMA) were reacted with epoxidized soybean oil triglycerides (ESO) to give plant oil‐based thermoset polymers. To increase fracture toughness of the product, different amounts of SOMA was replaced by maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MMPP) (Epolene E43, maleate content 2.9%, Mn = 3900 and Polybond 3200, maleate content 1%, Mn = 1,10,000). The improvement in mechanical properties was monitored. The characterizations of the products were done by DMA, DSC, TGA, and IR spectroscopy. ESO‐SOMA and ESO‐SOMA‐MMPP polymers are crosslinked rigid infusible polymers. ESO‐SOMA‐MMPP(E43) and ESO‐SOMA‐MMPP(PB3200) showed a phase change at 146 and 169°C, respectively, probably due to the melting transition of the MMPP backbone. Storage moduli of the two polymers at 35°C were 54.6 and 246.1 MPa, respectively. Storage moduli and the impact strength of the polymers increased with MMPP content and with MMPP molecular weight. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Fabrication and characterization of zein/viscose textibe fibers
Authors: Chi Fei , Chen Hongzhang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAzlons are increasingly concerned for their excellent performance properties and biodegradation. A kind of novel azlon, zein/viscose textibe fibers, were fabricated by wet‐spinning of zein and cellulose sulfonate blended solution. Some parameters that determine the fabrication process were optimized. The structure and properties of zein/viscose fibers were characterized, and compared with those of common viscose fibers. Dry breaking tenacity of zein/viscose fibers was 2.02 CN/dtex, whereas dry breaking elongation was 16.6%. Mechanical properties of zein/viscose fibers were a little better than common viscose fibers. The moisture regain rate of zein/viscose fibers was 14.1%, similar to that of viscose fibers. From the microstructure of zein/viscose fiber, viscose acted as framework and zein was accreted to viscose. The content of protein was 14.48% in zein/viscose fibers. The basic chains of zein and viscose were not changed by blended spinning, so the fibers had advantages of both zein and viscose. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Single polymer composites by partially melting recycled polyamide 6 fibers: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Gong Ying , Yang Guisheng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecycled polyamide 6 (PA6) cloth was used as the only raw material to prepare single polymer composites (SPC) by partially melting the PA6 fibers. During the process, part of PA6 fibers was melted to fill the gap between the remained fibers at a temperature in the melting temperature range of fibers. The matrix was in situ formed by recrystallization of the molten part and bonded the remained unmolten fibers together with cooling. Effects of a critical parameter, processing temperature (222–228°C), on the partially melting behavior of PA6 fibers and the properties of the resulting SPC were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and tensile tests. As a result, at the processing temperature of 226°C, 31% of PA6 fibers were exactly molt to form the matrix and the tensile strength of prepared SPC achieved a maximal value of 138 MPa that was 105% higher than the one of neat PA6. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Crosslinked sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) with pendant carboxylic acid group via poly(ethylene glycol) for proton exchange membrane
Authors: Li Zhiliang , Liu Xincai , Chao Danming , Lu Xiaofeng , He Libing , Yang Yang , Zhang Wanjin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNovel proton exchange membranes are solvent‐cast from N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solutions of the crosslinked poly(arylene ether ketone) copolymer with pendant carboxylic acid group (C‐SPAEK) via poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different amounts. These membranes are formed as a result of physical and chemical crosslinking. In this study, 1H‐NMR and FTIR have been used to confirm the chemical structures of the copolymers. Mechanical and thermal properties, swelling and proton conductivity are affected by the crosslinker (PEG) content in the copolymers. Compared to the noncrosslinked C‐SPAEK membrane, the crosslinked membranes become more flexible and greatly reduced water uptake and swelling ratio with only slight sacrifice in proton conductivities. And the crosslinked membranes keep higher proton conductivities without a sharply decrease at higher temperature. These results show that the crosslinked membranes have potential applications as proton exchange membranes for fuel cell. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Chemical modification of Bombyx mori silk with calcium‐salt treatment and subsequent glycerin triglycidyl ether crosslinking
Authors: He Jianxin , Jia Guoxin , Cui Shizhong , Wang Shanyuan , Gao Yaying 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new modification method for obtaining porous silk fibers with excellent wet elastic resilience and flexibility. Bombyx mori silks were modified by calcium‐salt treatment and subsequent epoxy crosslinking with glycerin triglycidyl ether. The effects of temperature, time, and catalyst (sodium carbonate) on the crosslinking reaction of the silk fibers were investigated, and the best conditions of reaction were determined as a temperature of 120°C, a crosslinking agent concentration of 7%, and immersion for 1 h with 2% Na2CO3 solution before the crosslinking reaction. The change in the structure and the physical properties of the silk fibers after calcium‐salt treatment and epoxy crosslinking was studied. Separating behavior of the microfibers occurred on the surface of the silk fiber after calcium‐salt treatment, and a porous structure formed in the interior of the silk. This porous structure of the silk was enlarged by subsequent epoxy crosslinking, and accordingly, the moisture conduction of the silk fibers improved remarkably. The breaking strength, breaking elongation, and wet elastic resilience of the silk fibers increased evidently after modification, and the modified silks exhibited a better flexibility. The conformation of silk fibroin fibers changed from β sheet to random coil after calcium‐salt treatment, whereas the β‐sheet content in the silk fibers increased after subsequent epoxy crosslinking. The significant reductions in the crystallinity and crystalline sizes in the silk fibers after the crosslinking reaction indicated that the crosslinking reaction occurred within the crystalline region because the calcium‐salt treatment increased the reaction accessibility. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A new ionic liquids‐based monolithic column for determination of caffeine and theophylline
Authors: Zhu Tao , Bi Wentao , Row Kyung Ho 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe present study has concentrated on finding a new stationary phase in liquid chromatography. To improve the selectivity of monolithic column, a new ionic liquids–based (ILs‐based) monolithic column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d.) is synthesized. Characteristic and evaluation of monolithic column are investigated by field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and determination of caffeine and theophylline in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). FE‐SEM images show that this monolithic column has a porosity structure. At the condition of mobile phase was 0.06 mol L−1 Na2HPO4 (pH 9.0) and flow rate was 0.7 mL min−1, a good linear relationship was demonstrated when the concentrations of caffeine and theophylline were in the range of 0.1–60.0 μg mL−1. These two compounds can obtain better resolution on the ILs‐based monolithic column than non‐ILs monolithic column, and the recoveries ranged from 97.40% to 108.00% and the interday and intraday relative standard deviations were less than 5%. The HPLC method, developed in this study, was proved to be acceptable for drugs assay, and this ILs‐based monolithic column as the stationary phase was a potential tool for future HPLC separation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Composite boards from isocyanate bonded pine needles
Authors: Gupta M. , Monika Chauhan  , Khatoon Naseeba , Singh B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of alkali treatment on the wettability of pine needles was assessed by contact angle measurements. The lower critical surface energy of the treated needle (42%) favors its superior wetting behavior over the control. The composite boards were prepared from these treated needle furnishes and isocyanate prepolymer resin adhesive (3–20%). The results indicate that internal bond strength, modulus of rupture, tensile strength, and screw withdrawal load increased with the increase of resin adhesive content. At lower humidity, the boards with varying resin adhesive contents exhibited 2–7% thickness swelling at equilibrium moisture content whereas at higher humidity, the thickness swelling in the boards ranged between 13–23%. Under immersed water, the composite boards swelled 2–3 times as much as the samples exposed at 98% RH. After aging, the internal bond strength of boards was reduced by 41–67% in accelerated water and 54–78% in cyclic exposure respectively. Fractographic evidences such as pulled out of needle fibers, fiber fracture and debonding, because of swelling of fibers in the aged samples could be used to explain the loss of strength. The screw withdrawal load of the high resin adhesive content boards (20%) was comparable with the natural wood. The developed composite board satisfies the requirements of Standard Specification: IS: 3087‐2005 / EN 312‐2003. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
In‐line analysis of the influence of monomeric and oligomeric hindered amine on the hydrolysis of polycarbonate in a PC/ABS blend
Authors: Rajan Vipin V. , Steinhoff Bernd , Alig Ingo , Wäber Roy , Wieser Jürgen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe polycarbonate/polyacrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) blends lose mechanical properties when exposed to outdoor conditions. This is due to the ultraviolet (UV) induced photo‐oxidation of the PC phase and the polybutadiene portion of the ABS. It is known that ABS can be stabilised against terrestrial light by the use of hindered amine in combination with a UV absorber. However, such hindered amine cannot be used when PC is present in a multi component polymer blend. The hydrolysis of PC is accelerated when a small amount of hindered amine light stabilisers (HALS) is incorporated in the resin and is exposed to elevated temperature. In this article the effect of monomeric and oligomeric hindered amine on the hydrolysis of PC during the compounding of PC/ABS blend in a twin screw extruder at 240°C is observed by means of in‐line UV‐vis spectroscopy. Tinuvin 765 was used as monomeric hindered amine and Tinuvin 622 as oligomeric hindered amine. The molecular weight of the compounded sample was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the rheological properties were observed using an online viscometer. It was found that the extent of hydrolysis induced by the oligomeric hindered amine is less compared to monomeric amine. It was also observed that polymeric hindered amine imparts better dispersion of the ABS phase into the polymer blend. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Compatibilization of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide)/polyamide 6 blends with styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer: Mechanical properties, morphology, crystallization, and melting behavior
Authors: Wang Shuai , Li Bo , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStyrene–maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) with higher MA content (21.8 wt %) than reported SMA (mostly 8 wt %) was used as a compatibilizer for poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO)/polyamide 6 (PA6) blends by in situ formed PA‐g‐SMA during melt processing. The tensile strength and flexural strength of PPO/PA blends were greatly increased by the addition of SMA. The morphology of PPO/PA/SMA (30/70/variable) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and the addition of SMA led to a significant decrease in the particle size of the dispersed PPO phase. Melting and crystallization of PPO/PA/SMA blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and the results showed that the addition of SMA could improve the compatibility between PPO and PA. The in situ reaction between PA and SMA was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. SMA was an effective compatibilizer for PPO/PA blends, and its compatibilization mechanism was discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Sorption of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions using crosslinked maleic anhydride‐octene‐styrene terpolymer
Authors: Akperov E. O. , Maharramov A. M. , Akperov O. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMaleic anhydride‐octene‐styrene terpolymer has been modified with allylic alcohol and methylmethacrylate to prepare a new crosslinked functional polymer sorbent. The sorption behaviors of uranyl ions on the optimum sorption conditions were determined. The synthesized crosslinked polymer sorbent has a network structure and contains carboxylic acid, carbonyl, and ester groups, all of which are capable of interacting with metal ions. The maximum experimental sorption capacity of the sorbent for uranyl ions has been measured as 1.25 mmol g−1. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm constants and correlation coefficients for the present system have been calculated and compared. Uranyl ions are desorbed from the sorbent by treatment with hydrocholric and nitric acids at various concentrations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Delay‐dependent state estimation for discrete Markovian jump neural networks with time‐varying delay
Authors: Wu Zhengguang , Shi Peng , Su Hongye , Chu Jian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe state estimation problem is discussed for discrete Markovian jump neural networks with time‐varying delays in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. The considered transition probabilities are assumed to be time‐variant and partially unknown. The aim of the state estimation problem is to design a state estimator to estimate the neuron states and ensure the stochastic stability of the error‐state system. A delay‐dependent sufficient condition for the existence of the desired state estimator is proposed. An explicit expression of the desired estimator is also given. A numerical example is introduced to show the effectiveness of the given result.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
RPP25 is developmentally regulated in prefrontal cortex and expressed at decreased levels in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Huang Hsien‐Sung , Cheung Iris , Akbarian Schahram 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDysfunction of cerebral cortex in autism is thought to involve alterations in inhibitory neurotransmission. Here, we screened, in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of 15 subjects diagnosed with autism and 15 matched controls the expression of 44 transcripts that are either preferentially expressed in gamma‐aminobutyric acidergic interneurons of the mature cortex or important for the development of inhibitory circuitry. Significant alterations in the autism cohort included decreased expression (−45%) of RPP25 (15q24.1), which is located within the autism susceptibility locus, 15q22‐26. RPP25, which encodes the 25 kDa subunit of ribonuclease P involved in tRNA and pre‐ribosomal RNA processing, was developmentally regulated in cerebral cortex with peak levels of expression during late fetal development (human) or around birth (mouse). In the PFC, RPP25 chromatin showed high levels of histone H3‐lysine 4 trimethylation, an epigenetic mark associated with transcriptional regulation. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to peripheral tissues, levels of RPP25 protein remained undetectable in fetal and adult cerebral cortex. Taken together, these findings suggest a potential role for the RPP25 gene transcript in the neurobiology of developmental brain disorders.
To deliberate or not to deliberate: Interactions between age, task characteristics, and cognitive activity on decision making
Authors: Hess Thomas M. , Queen Tara L. , Patterson Taryn R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of aging and deliberative activities on decision making were examined. In two separate tasks, young, middle‐aged, and older adults were presented with four alternatives and given instructions to choose the best one. Following study, participants were either given additional time to think about their decision or were prevented from doing so. Decision quality did not benefit from additional deliberative activity when the structure of the stimuli facilitated fluent online processing. In contrast, deliberation promoted performance when such processing was more difficult. In addition, those individuals who focused on attribute information relevant to the decision context performed better than those who did not. Age differences in performance were minimal, but older adults with lower levels of education or cognitive ability tended to perform worse than the rest of the sample under conditions where deliberative skills were required to promote performance. The results are inconsistent with recent proposals regarding the benefits of passive deliberation. In addition, the results support the general assertion that the age effects in decision making will be most evident in situations dependent upon deliberative skills. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.