bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using precision farming technology to quantify yield effects attributed to weed competition and herbicide application
Authors: GERHARDS R , GUTJAHR C , WEIS M , KELLER M , SÖKEFELD M , MÖHRING J , PIEPHO H P 
Published: October 2011

Gerhards R, Gutjahr C, Weis M, Keller M, Sökefeld M, Möhring J & Piepho HP (2011). Using precision farming technology to quantify yield effects attributed to weed competition and herbicide application. Weed Research 52, 6–15.SummaryField experiments using precision farming technology and Geographic Information Systems, following a so‐called Precision Experimental Design, were conducted in maize, winter barley and winter wheat and compared with two randomised plot experiments in maize to quantify yield effects attributed to weed competition and weed control. Fields were divided into cells, and weed densities for all weed species, soil conductivity and grain yield were measured in each cell. Untreated plots and herbicide treatments against grass weeds or broad‐leaved weeds were included in all three experiments. Chenopodium album, Polygonum spp. and Echinochloa crus‐galli were the dominating weed species in maize. Stellaria media, Veronica hederifolia, Matricaria chamomilla, Alopecurus myosuroides and Galium aparine were the most abundant weed species in the winter barley and winter wheat fields. All species were distributed heterogeneously within the fields with densities ranging from 0 to more than 200 plants m−2. In the Precision Experimental Design, it was found that grass‐weed competition and herbicide application had a significant effect on grain yield, using a linear mixed model with spatial correlation structure to determine the effects of groups of weed species, soil variability and herbicide application on grain yield separately. When a conventional plot experiment was set up in the same field, no statistically significant grain yield difference between the treatments was found. The results highlight the benefits of Precision Experimental Design for studying weed–crop competition. Data can be used to calculate yield loss functions for groups of weed species and to create a decision support system for site‐specific weed control.
Budd–Chiari syndrome as presenting symptom of hepatic sarcoidosis in a child, with recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Van Brusselen Daan , Janssen Carl E. I. , Scott Christiaan , Bevers Nanja , Roskams Tania , Wouters Carine , Van Damme‐Lombaerts Rita 
Published: October 2011

Van Brusselen D, Janssen CEI, Scott C, Bevers N, Roskams T, Wouters C, Van Damme‐Lombaerts R. Budd–Chiari syndrome as presenting symptom of hepatic sarcoidosis in a child, with recurrence after liver transplantation.  Pediatr Transplantation 2012: 16: E58–E62. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  A seven‐yr‐old boy presented with a severe Budd–Chiari syndrome, complicated by recurrent thrombosis of several successive TIPSs. Because of liver failure secondary to venous outflow tract obstruction and deterioration of his general condition, an emergency liver transplantation was performed. Steroids were discontinued three months after transplantation, and maintenance immunosuppressive therapy consisted of tacrolimus and azathioprine. Seven years later, this patient presented symptoms of recurrence of venous outflow obstruction in the transplant liver, comparable to the initial event. Histopathology of the liver revealed diffuse granulomatous inflammation with confluent non‐caseating granulomas compressing the centrolobular veins. Extensive investigations excluded infections, immune deficiency, and systemic vasculitides. After treatment with a high dose of corticosteroids, the granulomas in the allograft disappeared completely. We report the first case of hepatic sarcoidosis, presenting with venous outflow obstruction and recurring after liver transplantation, in a child.
Genome size estimation with quantitative real‐time PCR in two Tephritidae species: Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera oleae
Authors: Tsoumani K. T. , Mathiopoulos K. D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe medfly Ceratitis capitata and the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae belong to the Tephritidae family of Diptera, a family whose members cause severe damages in agriculture worldwide. For such insect pests, the utmost concern is their population control. The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used in the Tephritidae family with varying degrees of success. Its efficient use usually depends on the development of genetic sexing strains and the release of only male flies. However, such advances are based on modern genetic, molecular and genomic tools. The medfly is clearly the prototype of the family, since such tools have advanced considerably, which has resulted in effective SIT efforts around the world. A whole‐genome sequencing project of this insect is already underway. In contrast, similar tools in the olive fly lag behind, even though the insect is considered a promising candidate for a next SIT target. An accurate estimate of genome size provides a preliminary view of genome complexity and indicates possible difficulties in genome assembly in whole‐genome projects. Taking advantage of a quantitative real‐time PCR approach, we determined the genome size of these two species C. capitata and B. oleae as 591 Mb (CI range: 577–605 Mb) and 322 Mb (CI range: 310–334 Mb) respectively.
Amphotericin B and fluconazole susceptibility of Candida species determined by cell‐chip technology
Authors: Bouquet Orsolya , Kocsis Béla , Kilár Ferenc , Lóránd Tamás , Kustos Ildikó 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe aim of this study was to apply the microfluidic cell‐chip technology for susceptibility testing. The cell‐chip technology was tested with ATCC Candida strains to determine their viability and susceptibility against amphotericin B and fluconazole. Fungal cells were labelled by Sytox Green, and measurements were carried out in the cell chips of the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 system. Results obtained by the chip technology were compared with the standard macrodilution method and conventional flow cytometry. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration values was based on the differentiation between living and dead cells. The cell‐chip method was found to be suitable for the detection of Candida cells, for the differentiation between dead and living cells and for the determination of amphotericin B and fluconazole susceptibility of fungal cells. The minimum inhibitory concentration values obtained by the standard macrodilution, the flow cytometry and the cell‐chip method showed good correlation.
Effect of Donor Cell Type on Nuclear Remodelling in Rabbit Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos
Authors: Tian J , Song J , Li H , Yang D , Li X , Ouyang H , Lai L 
Published: October 2011

ContentsCloned rabbits have been produced for many years by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The efficiency of cloning by SCNT, however, has remained extremely low. Most cloned embryos degenerate in utero, and the few that develop to term show a high incidence of post‐natal death and abnormalities. The cell type used for donor nuclei is an important factor in nuclear transfer (NT). As reported previously, NT embryos reconstructed with fresh cumulus cells (CC‐embryos) have better developmental potential than those reconstructed with foetal fibroblasts (FF‐embryos) in vivo and in vitro. The reason for this disparity in developmental capacity is still unknown. In this study, we compared active demethylation levels and morphological changes between the nuclei of CC‐embryos and FF‐embryos shortly after activation. Anti‐5‐methylcytosine immunofluorescence of in vivo‐fertilized and cloned rabbit embryos revealed that there was no detectable active demethylation in rabbit zygotes or NT‐embryos derived from either fibroblasts or CC. In the process of nuclear remodelling, however, the proportion of nuclei with abnormal appearance in FF‐embryos was significantly higher than that in CC‐embryos during the first cell cycle. Our study demonstrates that the nuclear remodelling abnormality of cloned rabbit embryos may be one important factor for the disparity in developmental success between CC‐embryos and FF‐embryos.
Gene Expression in Bovine Oocytes and Cumulus Cells After Meiotic Inhibition with the Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Butyrolactone I
Authors: Leal CLV , Mamo S , Fair T , Lonergan P 
Published: October 2011

ContentsThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of temporary inhibition of meiosis using the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor butyrolactone I (BLI) on gene expression in bovine oocytes and cumulus cells. Immature bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were assigned to groups: (i) Control COCs collected immediately after recovery from the ovary or (ii) after in vitro maturation (IVM) for 24 h, (iii) Inhibited COCs collected 24 h after incubation with 100 μm BLI or (iv) after meiotic inhibition for 24 h followed by IVM for a further 22 h. For mRNA relative abundance analysis, pools of 10 denuded oocytes and respective cumulus cells were collected. Transcripts related to cell cycle regulation and oocyte competence were evaluated in oocytes and cumulus cells by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Most of the examined transcripts were downregulated (p < 0.05) after IVM in control and inhibited oocytes (19 of 35). Nine transcripts remained stable (p > 0.05) after IVM in control oocytes; only INHBA did not show this pattern in inhibited oocytes. Seven genes were upregulated after IVM in control oocytes (p < 0.05), and only PLAT, RBP1 and INHBB were not upregulated in inhibited oocytes after IVM. In cumulus cells, six genes were upregulated (p < 0.05) after IVM and eight were downregulated (p < 0.05). Cells from inhibited oocytes showed the same pattern of expression regarding maturation profile, but were affected by the temporary meiosis inhibition of the oocyte when the same maturation stages were compared between inhibited and control groups. In conclusion, changes in transcript abundance in oocytes and cumulus cells during maturation in vitro were mostly mirrored after meiotic inhibition followed by maturation.
Floodplain ants show a stronger response to an extensive flood than to variations in fallen‐timber load
Authors: HORROCKS GREGORY F. B. , CUNNINGHAM SHAUN C. , O'DOWD DENNIS J. , THOMSON JAMES R. , MAC NALLY RALPH 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUnderstanding how species respond to differences in resource availability is critical to managing biodiversity under the increasing pressures associated with climate change and growing human populations. Over the last century, the floodplain forests of Australia's largest river system, the Murray‐Darling Basin, have been much affected by intensive harvesting of timber and firewood, and increasingly stressed by river regulation and, recently, an extended drought. Fallen timber – logs and shed branches – is known to play a key role in the ecology of several important species on these floodplains. Here, we monitored the response of the ant assemblages of a floodplain forest along the Murray River to a large‐scale (34 ha) experimental manipulation of fallen‐timber load (0 to 80 t ha−1) over 4 years. The forest was subjected to an incidental, extensive flood that enabled us to examine how two important stressors (timber removal and river regulation) affect ant assemblages. Ants showed little response to the proximity of fallen timber within plots, prior to the flood, or to different loads among plots, unlike other floodplain biota. After the flood, both ant abundance and species richness increased and species composition changed. However, this increase in species richness after flooding was less pronounced in plots with higher amounts of fallen timber. Managing river red gum forest using a mosaic of flood regimes, more representative of historical conditions, is likely to be the most effective way to maintain and enhance the diversity of ants and other biota on these important floodplains.
Nurses' role in caring for people with a comorbidity of mental illness and intellectual disability: A literature review
Authors: Taua Chris , Hepworth Julie , Neville Christine 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis article examines literature on the role of the nurse caring for people with a dual disability (DD) of intellectual disability and mental illness. A search of the literature between 2000 and 2010 resulted in a total of 21 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Seven key categories of the role of the nurse were identified: (i) advocacy/health promotion (including working with family); (ii) assessment/case management; (iii) behavioural interventions; (iv) communication; (v) leadership and the nurse's role within the multidisciplinary team; (vi) functions regarding medication administration; and (vii) safety/risk management. There is a paucity of research about the role of nurses working with people with DD, although a number of opinion‐based articles exist. This article identifies a need for the role of the nurse working in DD to be more clearly articulated and for the development of evidence to guide best practice.
Subthalamo‐pallidal interactions underlying parkinsonian neuronal oscillations in the primate basal ganglia
Authors: Tachibana Yoshihisa , Iwamuro Hirokazu , Kita Hitoshi , Takada Masahiko , Nambu Atsushi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractParkinson’s disease is characterized by degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, leading to a wide variety of psychomotor dysfunctions. Accumulated evidence suggests that abnormally synchronized oscillations in the basal ganglia contribute to the expression of parkinsonian motor symptoms. However, the mechanism that generates abnormal oscillations in a dopamine‐depleted state remains poorly understood. We addressed this question by examining basal ganglia neuronal activity in two 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐treated parkinsonian monkeys. We found that systemic administration of l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA; dopamine precursor) decreased abnormal neuronal oscillations (8–15 Hz) in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during the ON state when parkinsonian signs were alleviated and during l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. GPi oscillations and parkinsonian signs were suppressed by silencing of the STN with infusion of muscimol (GABAA receptor agonist). Intrapallidal microinjection of a mixture of 3‐(2‐carboxypiperazin‐4‐yl)‐propyl‐1‐phosphonic acid (CPP; N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist) and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐6‐nitro‐2,3‐dioxo‐benzo[f]quinoxaline‐7‐sulfonamide (NBQX; AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist) also decreased the oscillations in the GPi and the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe). Neuronal oscillations in the STN were suppressed after intrasubthalamic microinjection of CPP/NBQX to block glutamatergic afferents of the STN. The STN oscillations were further reduced by muscimol inactivation of the GPe to block GABAergic inputs from the GPe. These results suggest that, in the dopamine‐depleted state, glutamatergic inputs to the STN and reciprocal GPe–STN interconnections are both important for the generation and amplification of the oscillatory activity of STN neurons, which is subsequently transmitted to the GPi, thus contributing to the symptomatic expression of Parkinson’s disease.
The influence of orexins on the firing rate and pattern of rat intergeniculate leaflet neurons – electrophysiological and immunohistological studies
Authors: Pekala Dobromila , Blasiak Tomasz , Raastad Morten , Lewandowski Marian H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOrexins influence various physiological processes associated with feeding behaviour, endocrine functions and wakefulness. One component of mammalian circadian timing systems, intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) of the lateral geniculate nucleus, is thought to contribute to circadian entrainment by processing photic and non‐photic/arousal‐related signals. Because the IGL is possibly innervated by the orexinergic system, using in vitro extracellular recording techniques we evaluated the influence of orexin A (OXA) and orexin B (OXB) on the rate and pattern of neuronal firing in this structure. Significant increases in the activity of 33 and 28% of IGL cells were observed after locally applied OXA (1 μm) and OXB (1 μm), respectively. In the great majority of neurons responses to OXA were maintained in the presence of orexin‐1 receptor OX1R antagonist, SB 334867 (10 μm). Additionally, 75% of the OXB‐responsive neurons were also sensitive to an orexin‐2 receptor (OX2R)‐selective agonist, [Ala11, D‐Leu15]‐OXB (1 μm). Immunohistochemical stainings showed putative synaptic contacts between OXA‐ and OXB‐immunoreactive fibres and neuropeptide Y, and enkephalin‐positive neurons in the investigated area. The outcome of our experiments reinforces previous reports indicating the possible linkage between the orexinergic and circadian systems. To our knowledge the presented findings are the first showing the direct influence of orexins on the IGL activity, mostly through activation of OX2R.
Loss of striatal cannabinoid CB1 receptor function in attention‐deficit / hyperactivity disorder mice with point‐mutation of the dopamine transporter
Authors: Castelli Maura , Federici Mauro , Rossi Silvia , De Chiara Valentina , Napolitano Francesco , Studer Valeria , Motta Caterina , Sacchetti Lucia , Romano Rosaria , Musella Alessandra , Bernardi Giorgio , Siracusano Alberto , Gu Howard H. , Mercuri Nicola B. , Usiello Alessandro , Centonze Diego 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAbnormal dopamine (DA) transmission in the striatum plays a pivotal role in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As striatal DA signalling modulates the endocannabinoid system (ECS), the present study was aimed at investigating cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) function in a model of ADHD obtained by triple point‐mutation in the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene in mice, making them insensitive to cocaine [DAT cocaine‐insensitive (DAT‐CI) mice]. DAT‐CI mice had a marked hyperactive phenotype, and neurophysiological recordings revealed that the sensitivity of CB1Rs controlling GABA‐mediated synaptic currents [CB1Rs(GABA)] in the striatum was completely lost. In contrast, CB1Rs modulating glutamate transmission [CB1Rs(Glu)], and GABAB receptors were not affected in this model of ADHD. In DAT‐CI mice, the blockade of CB1R(GABA) function was complete even after cocaine or environmental manipulations activating the endogenous DA‐dependent reward system, which are known to sensitize these receptors in control animals. Conversely, the hedonic property of sucrose was intact in DAT‐CI mice, indicating normal sweet perception in these animals. Our results point to CB1Rs as novel molecular players in ADHD, and suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with the ECS might prove effective in this disorder.
Solar radiation decreases parasitism in Daphnia
Authors: Overholt Erin P. , Hall Spencer R. , Williamson Craig E. , Meikle Claire K. , Duffy Meghan A. , Cáceres Carla E. 
Published: October 2011

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 47–54AbstractClimate change and variation in atmospheric ozone are influencing the intensity of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching ecosystems. Changing UVR regimes, in turn, may alter epidemics of infectious disease. This possibility hinges on the sensitivity of epidemiologically relevant traits of host and parasite to UVR. We address this issue using a planktonic system (a zooplankton host, Daphnia dentifera, and its virulent fungal parasite, Metschnikowia bicuspidata). Controlled laboratory experiments, coupled with in situ field incubations of spores, revealed that quite low levels of UVR (as well as longer wavelength light) sharply reduced the infectivity of fungal spores but did not affect host susceptibility to infection. The parasite’s sensitivity to solar radiation may underlie patterns in a lake survey: higher penetration of solar radiation into lakes correlated with smaller epidemics that started later in autumn (as incident sunlight declined). Thus, solar radiation, by diminishing infectivity of the parasite, may potently reduce disease.
Cyclic di‐GMP, an established secondary messenger still speeding up
Authors: Römling Ute 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe secondary messenger cyclic di‐GMP coordinately regulates the transition between motility/sessility/virulence in bacterial populations and upon adaptation to novel habitats. Thereby, multiple independent regulatory circuits regulate a diversity of targets. This specific output response is surprising considering the diverse physiological processes regulated by this signalling molecule, which range from transcription to proteolysis and clearly demonstrates the presence of sophisticated developmental programmes in these so‐called simple organisms.
Anterior and posterior segment photography. An alternative approach using a dSLR camera adaptor
Authors: Pirie Chris G. , Pizzirani Stefano 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose  To describe a novel digital single lens reflex (dSLR) camera adaptor for anterior and posterior segment photography.Methods  The adaptor was used to evaluate canine, feline, and equine patients presenting to Tufts Ophthalmology service. Anterior segment imaging was conducted with the adaptor mounted between a dSLR camera body (Canon 7D) and a macro lens (Canon EF‐S 60mm/f2.8). Posterior segment imaging was performed with the aid of an indirect ophthalmic lens mounted in front of the macro lens. Coaxial illumination during viewing was provided by a single white light‐emitting diode (LED) within the adaptor, while illumination during exposure was provided by the pop‐up flash or an accessory flash. Corneal and/or lens reflections were eliminated using a pair of linear polarizers, having their azimuths at right angles to one another.Results  This dSLR camera adaptor provides quality high‐resolution, reflection‐free, images of both the anterior and posterior segments. It was easy to transport, assemble, and handle. The necessary adjustments, positioning, and focusing required for quality images were easily performed.Conclusion  The described dSLR camera adaptor provides an alternative to existing imaging systems. High‐resolution image acquisition occurred at a fraction of the cost of established imaging system, particularly those devoted to the posterior segment.
Intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test results in clinically normal Long‐Eared Hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus): reference values
Authors: Ghaffari Masoud Selk , Hajikhani Ramin , Sahebjam Farzin , Akbarein Hessamodin , Golezardy Habib 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective  The present study was undertaken to establish reference values for Schirmer tear test (STT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in the long‐eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus).Animals  Fourteen healthy long‐eared hedgehogs (H. auritus) of either sex were studied.Procedures  The hedgehogs were individually immobilized with an intramuscular injection of combined Ketamine (20 mg/kg) and Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg), and each animal underwent ophthalmic examinations including: STT, tonometry, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy.Results  No significant effects of animal gender, weight, side (right vs. left eye) were found in this study. Mean (SD) STT values for all eyes (n = 28) were 1.7 ± 1.2 mm/1 min with a range of 0–4 mm/1 min. Mean STT in male animals was 2.2 ± 1.2. Mean STT in female Hedgehogs was 1.3 ± 1.1. Mean (SD) IOP values by applanation tonometry were 20.1 ± 4.0 mmHg (range 11.5–26.5 mmHg). Mean (SD) IOP values by applanation tonometry were 18.2 ± 4.0 and 22.0 ± 3.2 mmHg for males and females, respectively.Conclusions  This study reports STT and IOP findings in long‐eared hedgehogs (H. auritus).