bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choledochoduodenostomy in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Campsen Jeffrey , Zimmerman Michael A. , Narkewicz Michael R. , Sokol Ronald J. , Mandell Mercedes S. , Kam Igal , Dovel Diane , Karrer Frederick M. 
Published: January 2011

Campsen J, Zimmerman MA, Narkewicz MR, Sokol RJ, Mandell MS, Kam I, Dovel D, Karrer FM. Choledochoduodenostomy in pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 237–239. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Reconstruction of the bile ducts during pediatric liver transplantation is generally performed by a Roux‐en‐Y CDJ because direct duct‐to‐duct anastomosis CC is often not possible. Anastomosis of the donor liver bile duct to the duodenum CDD provides another option. We provide preliminary evidence that CDD is an alternative technique for biliary reconstruction when CC is not possible in pediatric liver transplant recipients that have a hostile abdomen or to preserve bowel length.Methods:  From 2007 to 2008, a total of 19 pediatric cadaveric liver transplants were performed at our center. Four of the 19 had a bile duct reconstruction by CDD.Results:  CDD reconstruction was used in patients who received a liver transplant for a diagnosis of PSC, congenital hepatic fibrosis, biliary atresia, and Alagille syndrome. The ages of the patients were 17 and 10 yr and 10 and 17 months. Three grafts were whole cadaveric livers, and one was a reduced left lobe. CDD was used to revise a prior anastomosis in one patient who had a previous Roux‐en‐Y that was unusable during the retransplant, and another to repair a stricture in a second patient with a CC. We also performed a CDD in a patient with a hostile abdomen from previous surgery, and another patient to avoid short gut syndrome that a Roux‐en‐Y may have created. All patients are alive with functioning grafts with a follow‐up of at least one yr. None of the patients developed clinically significant biliary complications (leak, stricture, cholangitis).Conclusion:  Our preliminary experience suggests that CDD is an option for biliary reconstruction in pediatric transplant patients with hostile abdomens or to preserve bowel length.
Empowerment and its effects on clinical nurses in central China
Authors: Cai C. F. , Zhou Z. K. , Yeh H. , Hu J. 
Published: January 2011

Cai C.F., Zhou Z.K., Yeh H. & Hu J. (2011) Empowerment and its effects on clinical nurses in central China. International Nursing Review58, 138–144Background:  Chinese healthcare institutions have undergone constant changes in recent years. A large number of research studies conducted on work‐related factors revealed that nurses in China experienced a low level of job satisfaction and a high level of turnover intention. Empowerment is one of the most important concepts in nursing and is most relevant to the study of nursing professionals' job‐related outcomes.Aim:  The aim of this study was to test the Job Characteristics Model and the mediating role of structural empowerment on the relationships between the job characteristics and work‐related outcomes among clinical nurses from central China.Methods:  Three self‐reported questionnaires were administered to a sample of 238 clinical nurses from two hospitals in central China. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions.Findings:  Correlations were significant between job characteristics and job‐related outcomes, and the estimated model on the effect of empowerment reduced the unique contribution of job characteristics on internal work motivation (from 17.2% to 13.0%) and general job satisfaction (from13.4% to 10.1%), and eliminated the unique contribution of job characteristics on growth satisfaction (from 18.4% to 0%).Conclusions:  The results supported the Job Characteristics Model in a nursing sample and empowerment mediated the impact of job characteristics on internal work motivation and general job satisfaction partially and on growth satisfaction completely.
Work/life balance and health: the Nurses and Midwives e‐cohort study
Authors: Schluter P.J. , Turner C. , Huntington A.D. , Bain C.J. , McClure R.J. 
Published: January 2011

SCHLUTER P.J., TURNER C., HUNTINGTON A.D., BAIN C.J. & MCCLURE R.J. (2011) Work/life balance and health: the Nurses and Midwives e‐cohort study. International Nursing Review58, 28–36Background:  Nursing and midwifery are demanding professions. Efforts to understand the health consequences and workforce needs of these professions are urgently needed. Using a novel electronic approach, the Nurses and Midwives e‐cohort Study (NMeS) aims to investigate longitudinally Australian and New Zealand nurses' and midwives' work/life balance and health. This paper describes NMeS participation; provides key baseline demographic, workforce and health indicators; compares these baseline descriptions with external norms; and assesses the feasibility of the electronic approach.Methods:  From 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2008, nurses in Australia and New Zealand, and midwives in Australia were invited to participate. Potential participants were directed to a purpose‐built NMeS Internet site, where study information was provided and consent sought. Once obtained, a range of standardized tools combined into one comprehensive electronic questionnaire was elicited.Results:  Overall, 7633 (2.3%) eligible nurses and midwives participated (6308 from Australia and 1325 from New Zealand) from a total pool of 334 400. Age, gender, occupational and health profiles were similar between countries and to national figures. However, some differences were noted; for instance, Queensland participants were over‐represented, while Victorian and South Australian participants were under‐represented, and 28.2% of Australians were in high strain positions compared with 18.8% of New Zealanders.Conclusions:  Using an internationally novel web‐based approach, a large cohort, which appears generally similar to population norms, has been established. Provided participant retention is adequate, the NMeS will provide insight into understanding the drivers of nurses' and midwives' workforce retention and work‐related factors associated with their health.
Ethics, culture and nursing practice in Ghana
Authors: Donkor N.T. , Andrews L.D. 
Published: January 2011

DONKOR N.T. & ANDREWS L.D. (2011) Ethics, culture and nursing practice in Ghana.International Nursing Review58, 109–114Objective: This paper describes how nurses in Ghana approach ethical problems.Background: The International Council of Nurses' (ICN) Code for Nurses (2006) that serves as the model for professional code of ethics worldwide also acknowledges respect for healthy cultural values. Using the ICN's Code and universal ethical principles as a benchmark, a survey was conducted in 2009 to ascertain how nurses in Ghana respond to ethical and cultural issues in their practice.Methods: The study was qualitative with 200 participant nurses. Data were obtained through anonymous self‐administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.Findings: Nurses' approaches to ethical problems in Ghana do not always meet expectations of the ICN Code for Nurses. They are also informed by local ethical practices related to the institutional setting and cultural environment in the country. While some cultural values complemented the ICN's Code and universal ethical principles, others conflicted with them.Nursing implications: These data can assist nurses to provide culturally competent solutions to ethical dilemmas in their practice. Dynamic communication between nurses and patients/clients, intentional study of local cultural beliefs, and the development of ethics education will improve the conformity between universal ethical standards and local cultural values.
Serum galectin‐3 levels in patients with Behçet’s disease: association with disease activity over a long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Özden M.G. , Çaycı Y.T. , Tekin H. , Çoban A.Y. , Aydın F. , Şentürk N. , Bek Y. , Cantürk T. , Turanlı A.Y. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  There is a need for a laboratory marker that correlates with the clinical activity of Behçet’s disease (BD).Objective  We aimed to investigate whether serum galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) levels were affected during the course of the disease with regard to disease activity.Methods  A total of 131 subjects were involved in the study as follows: Group 1: BD active (n = 39); Group 2: BD inactive (n = 31); Group 3: Disease controls with leucocytoclastic vasculitis confirmed with a skin biopsy (n = 22); and Group 4: Healthy control subjects (n = 39). The BD patients were followed regularly and samples were taken in their active and inactive periods of the disease over a 2‐year period.Results  Serum Gal‐3 levels were significantly higher in active BD patients (mean 2.38) than inactive BD patients (mean 0.63; P < 0.0001) and the healthy control subjects (mean 0.75; P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the leucocytoclastic vasculitis and active BD patients (P = 0.093). Serum Gal‐3 levels were positively correlated with clinical activity scores of active BD patients (r = 0.66, P < 0.0001). In addition, the Gal‐3 levels were significantly higher in the active disease period when compared with the inactive period during the follow‐up. There were no significant differences between the two inactive periods of the disease among the same patients. Further analyses revealed that patients with vascular involvement had significantly higher Gal‐3 levels than the other active BD patients (mean 7.57; P = 0.007).Limitations  The limitation of the study is the small number of patients with vascular involvement in the active BD patient group.Conclusion  Gal‐3 levels are correlated with the activity of Behçet’s disease especially with the vascular involvement.
Effect of topical heparin and levomenol on atopic dermatitis: a randomized four‐arm, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical study
Authors: Arenberger P , Arenbergerová M , Drozenová H , Hladíková M , Holcová S 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  The aim of the controlled double‐blind trial was to demonstrate the superiority of a topical combination product over its single constituents.Patients and Methods  A total of 278 patients with atopic dermatitis were randomized into four groups: 79 patients were treated with a topical combination of levomenol and heparin (A), 80 patients with levomenol alone (B), 78 patients with heparin alone (C) and 41 patients with the cream base with no active substances (D). The medication was applied twice daily for 8 weeks. Efficacy criteria included the severity of pruritus (visual analogue scale, VAS) and the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index as well as the overall assessment of efficacy and tolerance by both physician and patient.Results  The improvement of pruritus and SCORAD values in Group A was significantly higher compared with Groups B–D (ancova, P < 7 × 10−8). The improvement of pruritus in Group A approximately corresponded to the cumulative effect of the two single active substances, with mean improvements of itching of −41.3, −13.3, −21.3 and +0.6 mm VAS in Groups A–D, respectively (95% CI 7.1–13.5, 2.9–9.2 and 10.4–18.3 mm for the comparisons A vs. B, A vs. C and A vs. D).Conclusion  The combination of levomenol and heparin proved to be significantly more efficacious in the treatment of pruritus and inflamed skin than the preparations of the single components.
Time‐dependent modulation of serotonin and its receptors 1A and 2A expression in allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Wetterberg J. , Taher C. , Azmitia E.C. , El‐Nour H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Serotonin implication in allergic contact dermatitis was earlier suggested.Objective  To study the expression of serotonin (5‐HT) and its receptors 1A and 2A during the kinetics of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).Method  Biopsies from 10 female nickel‐allergic patients were obtained at 0, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after nickel application using a patch testing procedure and then analysed by immunohistochemistry.Results  Higher 5‐HT epidermal immunoreactivity was seen at 0 and 6 h compared with 24, 48 and 72 h. The number of 5‐HT labelled platelets was higher at 48 and 72 h compared with 0, 6 and 24 h. There was a decrease in the number of 5‐HT1AR positive cells at 24, 48 and 72 h compared with 0 h. Furthermore, epidermal 5‐HT1AR immunoreactivity was stronger at 48 and 72 h compared with 0 h. Total (dermis plus epidermis) number of 5‐HT2AR positive cells was gradually increased in a time‐dependent manner at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h compared with 0 h.Conclusions  Our results suggest the implication of 5‐HT, 5‐HT1AR and 5‐HT2AR in the development of human ACD and the possibility to target those receptors at an early stage of this inflammatory condition.
Clinical features of atopic dermatitis in a hospital‐based setting in China
Authors: Shi M. , Zhang H. , Chen X. , Guo Y. , Tao J. , Qi H. , Gan J. , Jiang A. , Yu H. , Liang J. , Chen J. , Yang L. , Zhuang Y. , Yan M. , Gu Y. , Yu X. , Feng X. , Yao Z. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease. There have been few detailed reports of the clinical evaluation of Chinese patients with AD.Objectives  To give a profile of the clinical features of Chinese AD patients in a university hospital setting.Methods  A total of 1008 cases met Hanifin and Rajka diagnostic criteria of AD were recruited at Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.Results  In our survey, 22.7% patients were mild, 66.6% were moderate and 10.7% were severe according to the SCORAD index. Both the frequency and severity of the male patients were slightly higher. The frequency of asthma among the AD patients was 16.7% and it was increased with the age (χ2 = 205.20, P = 0.000). The frequencies of objective minor signs were demonstrated with age‐related changes. Besides, three localized variants including eyelid eczema (49.8%), scalp dermatitis (49.7%), infra‐auricular and retroauricular fissuring (44.8%) were commonly observed, especially in the infantile phase (P < 0.01). It was showed significant differences in serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels of different age groups. The positive rate of Phadiatop was raised after 3 years old and that of the common food allergens were decreased after 6 years old.Conclusions  More males than females had ongoing AD in our survey. Most AD debuted in the first year of the cases. High incidence of the three clinical signs: eyelid eczema, scalp dermatitis and infra‐auricular and retroauricular fissuring among the patients suggests it can be a potential valuable diagnostic clue to AD.
Hippocampal betaine/GABA transporter mRNA expression is not regulated by inflammation or dehydration post‐status epilepticus
Authors: Rowley Nicole M. , Smith Misty D. , Lamb John G. , Schousboe Arne , White H. Steve 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 82–90.AbstractSeizure activity can alter GABA transporter and osmoprotective gene expression, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. However, the response of the betaine/GABA transporter (BGT1) is unknown. The goal of the present study was to compare the expression of BGT1 mRNA to that of other osmoprotective genes and GABA transporters following status epilepticus (SE). The possible contributory role of dehydration and inflammation was also investigated because both have been shown to be involved in the regulation of GABA transporter and/or osmoprotective gene expression. BGT1 mRNA was increased 24 h post‐SE, as were osmoprotective genes. BGT1 was decreased 72 h and 4 weeks post‐SE, as were the GABA transporter mRNAs. The mRNA values for osmoprotective genes following 24‐h water withdrawal were significantly lower than the values obtained 24 h post‐SE despite similarities in their plasma osmolality values. BGT1 mRNA was not altered by lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation while the transcription factor tonicity‐responsive enhancer binding protein and the GABA transporters 1 and 3 were. These results suggest that neither plasma osmolality nor inflammation fully account for the changes seen in BGT1 mRNA expression post‐SE. However, it is evident that BGT1 mRNA expression is altered by SE and displays a temporal pattern with similarities to both GABA and osmolyte transporters. Further investigation of BGT1 regulation in the brain is warranted.
Operations research in the natural resource industry
Authors: Bjørndal T. , Herrero I. , Newman A. , Romero C. , Weintraub A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOperations research is becoming increasingly prevalent in the natural resource sector, specifically in agriculture, fisheries, forestry and mining. While there are similar research questions in these areas, e.g., how to harvest and/or extract the resources and how to account for environmental impacts, there are also differences, e.g., the length of time associated with a growth and harvesting or extraction cycle, and whether or not the resource is renewable. Research in all four areas is at different levels of advancement in terms of the methodology currently developed and the acceptance of implementable plans and policies. In this paper, we review the most recent and seminal work in all four areas, considering modeling, algorithmic developments and application.
OR challenges and experiences from solving industrial applications
Authors: Rönnqvist M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWhen decision support systems are implemented in practice, a number of special aspects and requirements must often be considered. From an operations research (OR) perspective many of these can be very challenging and/or are counterproductive for the stated objective. They can appear in any part of the optimization process that includes problem formulation, modelling, solution and result evaluation. In this paper, we describe and discuss a number of aspects and requirements in industrial implementations where optimization has been a vital planning or execution tool. We discuss the reasons behind the requirements, the OR challenge, how the requirements were approached and implemented and present results and general experience acquired from these implementations. The applications cover tactical, operational and real‐time applications for several areas including transportation, scheduling, routing, inventory and process control.
Add‐on treatment with verapamil in pharmacoresistant canine epilepsy
Authors: Jambroszyk Melanie , Tipold Andrea , Potschka Heidrun 
Published: January 2011

SummaryPurpose:  Verapamil add‐on treatment has been suggested as a novel therapeutic concept for overcoming transporter‐mediated pharmacoresistance. Efficacy data have been limited so far to case reports in individual epileptic patients. Therefore, we aimed to thoroughly evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of verapamil add‐on treatment.Methods:  In a prestudy in healthy Beagle dogs the tolerability of verapamil add‐on treatment was investigated. The efficacy of verapamil was then evaluated in 11 dogs with phenobarbital‐resistant epilepsy.Key Findings:  Verapamil add‐on treatment (6.2–7.3 mg/kg) did not affect phenobarbital concentrations in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid. Side effects observed in healthy as well as in epileptic dogs comprised bradycardia and a decrease in blood pressure. Therefore, we had to limit the dosage to 1–1.5 mg/kg in the main study. In phenobarbital nonresponders, verapamil failed to improve seizure control. Verapamil treatment was discontinued prematurely in five animals due to worsening of seizure control or lack of an effect. In the remaining animals, seizure frequency tended to increase during the verapamil add‐on phase, reaching a mean of two seizures per month compared to the pre‐verapamil phase with phenobarbital monotherapy (mean of 1.4 seizures per month). In view of the detrimental effects in the majority of the dogs, the study had to be discontinued and no further animals were enrolled.Significance:  The failure of the maximum tolerated dosage to improve seizure control in dogs with phenobarbital‐resistant epilepsy argues against the suitability of verapamil add‐on treatment to overcome pharmacoresistance. Deterioration of seizure control in some individual animals suggests that verapamil might also exert unfavorable effects on seizure thresholds or its spread.
Malposition of hemodialysis catheter in left superior intercostal vein
Authors: YADLA Manjusha , SAINARESH V.V. , SRIRAMNAVEEN  , KRISHNAKISHORE  , REDDY Sandeep , VIJAYALAKSHMI B. , LAKSHMI A.Y. , SIVAKUMAR V. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMalposition of hemodialysis catheter needs to be identified promptly. Straight descent of left side internal jugular catheter mandates a thorough evaluation than unnecessary apprehensions. We report an unusual case of straight descent of hemodialysis catheter into superior intercostal vein.
Interactions of HIV, Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Genital Tract Inflammation Facilitating Local Pathogen Transmission and Acquisition
Authors: Mayer Kenneth H. , Venkatesh Kartik K. 
Published: January 2011

Citation  Mayer KH, Venkatesh KK. Interactions of HIV, other sexually transmitted diseases, and genital tract inflammation facilitating local pathogen transmission and acquisition. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 308–316Despite several decades of clinical trials assessing the impact of etiological treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) to decrease HIV acquisition and transmission, almost all of these trials have not proven to be efficacious. Increasing evidence suggests that specific STD treatment alone may not be sufficient to alter the genital tract inflammatory milieu that is created by STDs. This paper examines the associations between STDs and HIV susceptibility and infectiousness, and considers the role of chronic and refractory inflammation to create an environment that potentiates HIV and STD transmission and acquisition by reviewing biological, observational, and clinical trial data
Cross‐sectional trends in cardiovascular fitness in Swedish 16‐year‐olds between 1987 and 2007
Authors: Ekblom Örjan B , Ekblom Bak Elin AM , Ekblom Björn T 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  We sought to investigate the temporal trends in estimated maximal aerobic capacity in adolescents (mean age 16.1).Methods:  Analyses were based on data from three population‐based samples, collected in 1987 (n = 221), 2001 (n = 537) and 2007 (n = 265). Subjects underwent sub‐maximal ergometer testing. Absolute and relative aerobic capacities were estimated using the Åstrand‐Ryhming nomogram.Results:  Compared to 1987, values for estimated relative and absolute maximal aerobic capacities were lower in 2001 and 2007, and values in 2007 were lower compared to 2001, in both boys and girls, except for absolute capacity between 1987 and 2001 in girls. The differences over time did not differ between genders. Absolute values changed from 3.0 and 2.5 L/min in 1987 to 2.5 and 2.2 L/min in 2007, for boys and girls, respectively. Relative values changed from 46.5 and 45.9 mL/min/kg in 1987 to 35.0 and 36.6 mL/min/kg, in 2007, for boys and girls, respectively.Conclusion:  Based on earlier reports on the relationship between aerobic capacity and metabolic risk, the results from the present study provide argument that future public health will be affected negatively.