bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Optimization of a Phase Change Material-Based Ocean Thermal Energy Harvester for Powering Uncrewed Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Ouro-Koura Habilou , Jung Hyunjun , Borca-Tasciuc Diana-Andra , Copping Andrea E. , Deng Zhiqun (Daniel) 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As oceans cover over 70% of the planet's surface, they represent a large reservoir of resources that remain vastly untapped. Uncrewed underwater vehicles (UUVs) are becoming a key technology for ocean exploration. Ocean thermal gradient is a permanent and reliable energy source that can be used to power UUVs using phase change material (PCM)-based thermal engines. When using PCM-based thermal engines to power UUVs, there are different energy conversion stages: thermal, hydraulic, kinetic, and electrical, dependent on a wide variety of parameters. Thus, optimization of the overall energy conversion is still a challenge for powering the increasing energy demanding UUVs for long missions. The goal of this study is to propose a PCM-based ocean thermal energy harvesting system for powering float-type UUVs such as the SOLO-II float. This reduces the cost of battery replacement and expands the float's mission time. For this purpose, we developed a theoretical model consisting of hydraulic and electrical systems, designed to provide the electrical power needed by the UUV. The hydraulic and electrical systems are implemented using matlab/simulink. Parameter values from the literature and an accumulator size of 3.78 L are used. The mass of PCM calculated for the energy harvesting system is 5.73 kg, providing a theoretical volume change of 0.78 L. Varying the value of the electrical load connected to the electrical generator, the developed model can, theoretically, provide 13.66 kJ of electrical energy, which is more than 1.5 times the energy requirement per cycle for the SOLO-II float.
Minimum Air Cooling Requirements for Different Lithium-Ion Battery Operating Statuses
Authors: Wang Yabo , Yin Xiang , Li Xueqiang , Li Hailong , Liu Shengchun , Zhu Xinlin , Ma Xiaolei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) play an important role in increasing the use of renewable energy sources. Owing to the temperature sensitivity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are crucial to ensuring the safe and efficient operation of BESSs. Previous works mainly focused on evaluating the performance of BTMS; however, little attention has been paid to the minimum cooling requirements of BESSs, which are important for optimizing the design and operation of BTMSs. To bridge the knowledge gap, this work investigated the performance of air cooling for a battery cabin under different charge/discharge (C) rates by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, which is coupled with a battery model. Simulation results show that the inlet airflow rate has the strongest influence. For the studied cases, when the battery operates at C-rates lower than 3, the inlet temperature should be controlled below 35 °C, and the gap between the batteries should be greater than 3 mm to meet the minimum heat dissipation requirement. At a C-rate of 0.5C, natural convection is sufficient to meet the cooling need, whereas at 1C or higher C-rates, forced convection has to be used. Increasing the number of batteries, for example, from 6 to 8, has negligible impact on the inlet flow required to assure the heat dissipation.
Population pharmacokinetics of ravidasvir in adults with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and impact of antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Panjasawatwong Navarat , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Menétrey Caroline , Ribeiro Isabela , Salvadori Nicolas , Swanson Alistair , Gillon Jean-Yves , Tan Soek-Siam , Thanprasertsuk Sombat , Thongsawat Satawat , Cressey Tim R. ,   the STORM-C-1 study team
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Ravidasvir (RDV) is a novel NS5A inhibitor that exhibits potent pan-genotypic inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Sofosbuvir (SOF) plus RDV was demonstrated to be efficacious and safe in adults with active HCV infection, including those living with HIV (LWHIV), in the STORM-C-1 trial. We assessed the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of RDV in a sub-study nested within STORM-C-1 conducted in Thailand and Malaysia. SOF (400 mg) plus RDV (200 mg) was administered orally once daily for 12 weeks to adults with chronic HCV infection, but without cirrhosis and for 24 weeks to those with compensated cirrhosis. Intensive and sparse PK samples were collected at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment initiation. Population PK parameters of RDV and the impact of covariates were evaluated using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Five hundred ninety-four participants were included, 235 (40%) had compensated cirrhosis, and 189 (32%) were LWHIV. RDV plasma concentrations were best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Oral clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (Vd/F) parameters were allometrically scaled on fat-free mass. Concomitant antiretroviral treatment (ART) increased RDV CL/F by 30%–60%, with efavirenz-based ART having the largest impact. Females had 16% lower RDV CL/F than males, and higher albumin levels reduced RDV central volume of distribution. While several covariates impact RDV CL/F and Vd/F, the effect on RDV exposures was not clinically relevant based on the efficacy data reported in this diverse Asian adult population. There were no meaningful drug-drug interactions in adults LWHIV on ART.
High-throughput nanopore DNA sequencing of large insert fosmid clones directly from bacterial colonies
Authors: Chuzel Léa , Sinha Amit , Cunningham Caileigh V. , Taron Christopher H. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Fosmids and cosmids are vectors frequently used in functional metagenomic studies. With a large insert capacity (around 30 kb) they can encode dozens of cloned genes or in some cases, entire biochemical pathways. Fosmids with cloned inserts can be transferred to heterologous hosts and propagated to enable screening for new enzymes and metabolites. After screening, fosmids from clones with an activity of interest must be
de novo
sequenced, a critical step toward the identification of the gene(s) of interest. In this work, we present a new approach for rapid and high-throughput fosmid sequencing directly from
Escherichia coli
colonies without liquid culturing or fosmid purification. Our sample preparation involves fosmid amplification with phi29 polymerase and then direct nanopore sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies system. We also present a bioinformatics pipeline termed “phiXXer” that facilitates both
de novo
read assembly and vector trimming to generate a linear sequence of the fosmid insert. Finally, we demonstrate the accurate sequencing of 96 fosmids in a single run and validate the method using two fosmid libraries that contain cloned large insert (~30–40 kb) genomic or metagenomic DNA.

IMPORTANCE

Large-insert clone (fosmids or cosmids) sequencing is challenging and arguably the most limiting step of functional metagenomic screening workflows. Our study establishes a new method for high-throughput nanopore sequencing of fosmid clones directly from lysed
Escherichia coli
cells. It also describes a companion bioinformatic pipeline that enables
de novo
assembly of fosmid DNA insert sequences. The devised method widens the potential of functional metagenomic screening by providing a simple, high-throughput approach to fosmid clone sequencing that dramatically speeds the pace of discovery.
Quantum Chemical Study of the Production of 1-Vinyladamantane As a Result of Ionic Alkylation of Adamantane with Ethylene
Authors: Baranov N. I. , Bagrii E. I. , Safir R. E. , Cherednichenko A. G. , Bozhenko K. V. , Maksimov A. L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A multi-stage process is considered for the formation of vinyl adamantane via the ionic alkylation of adamantane with ethylene using aluminum chloride as a catalyst. A feature of the ionic alkylation of adamantane with olefins is the formation of saturated and unsaturated derivatives. Quantum chemical methods means are used to study the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the corresponding elementary acts of chemical reactions. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the reaction for the production of unsaturated adamantane derivatives via ionic alkylation with ethylene is performed using alkylation with propylene.
Comparison of the Mechanisms of Hydrolysis of Organophosphates with Good and Poor Leaving Group by Phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas diminuta
Authors: Mulashkina T. I. , Kulakova A. M. , Nemukhin A. V. , Khrenova M. G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approaches are used to determine the mechanisms of organophosphate hydrolysis in an active site of Pseudomonas diminuta phosphotriesterase. For a substrate with a good leaving group, the reaction proceeds through two elementary stages with low energy barriers, and a gain in energy is observed. With a poor leaving group, only the formation of an unstable reaction intermediate is possible, and hydrolysis is incomplete. A comparison of the resulting reaction mechanisms explains the experimental kinetic data, according to which the enzyme hydrolyzes only substrates with good leaving groups.
Physicochemical Properties of Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Solutions in Sulfolane
Authors: Sheina L. V. , Karaseva E. V. , Kolosnitsyn V. S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A study is performed of the physicochemical properties (ionic conductivity, viscosity, and density in the 30–50°C range of temperatures) and the electrochemical and thermal stability of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide solutions in sulfolane in the 0.001–1.89 M range of concentrations. It is shown that lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide solutions in sulfolane exhibit high electrochemical stability (5.75 V vs. Li/Li+) and moderate ionic conductivity (2.75 × 10−3 Ω−1 cm−1 at 30°C for a 1 M solution), which are comparable to the respective parameters of sulfolane solutions of lithium hexafluorophosphate. The structure and transport properties of sulfolane solutions of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide are determined by their concentrations. In dilute solutions, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide is weakly associated. The degree of electrolytic dissociation of LiN(SO2CF3)2 initially falls and then rises upon an increase in its concentration. The electrolytic dissociation of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide rises along with its concentration, due to the formation of ion triplets and more complex ion associates. The constant of association and limit equivalent conductivity of LiN(SO2CF3)2 in sulfolane rise along with temperature, due to a drop in the degree of self-association and the degradation of the solvent’s structure. A specific feature of sulfolane solutions of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide is their tendency to form stable supercooled solutions.
Changes in health-related quality of life during transition to adult healthcare: an international prospective cohort study
Authors: Kallio Mira Marianne , Tornivuori Anna , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Culnane Evelyn , Loftus Hayley , Sawyer Susan Margaret , Kosola Silja 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo study changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic medical conditions across the transfer to adult healthcare and associations of HRQoL with transition readiness and experience of care.MethodsParticipants in this international (Finland, Australia) prospective cohort study were recruited in the year prior to transfer to adult health services and studied 12 months later. In addition to two HRQoL scales (Pediatric Quality of Life inventory (PedsQL), 16D), the Am I ON TRAC for Adult Care Questionnaire and Adolescent Friendly Hospital Survey measured transition readiness and experience of care and categorised by quartile. Data were compared before and after transfer to adult healthcare.ResultsIn total, 512 AYAs completed the first survey (0–12 months before transfer of care) and 336 AYAs completed it 1 year later (retention rate 66%, mean ages 17.8 and 18.9 years, respectively). Mean total PedsQL scores (76.5 vs 78.3) showed no significant change, although the social and educational subdomains improved after transfer of care. The mean single-index 16D score remained the same, but in Finland, distress increased and the ability to interact with friends decreased after transfer. AYAs within the best quartiles of experience of care and transition readiness had better HRQoL than AYAs within the worst quartiles.ConclusionsOverall HRQoL of AYAs remained unchanged across the transfer to adult healthcare. Recognising and supporting AYAs with unsatisfactory experience of care and poor transition readiness could improve overall HRQoL during the transition process.Trial registration numberNCT04631965.
Exploring home fall events among infants and toddlers using social media information: an infodemiology study in China
Authors: Tian Jiang , Cheng Peixia , Wang Xiaonan , Xiang Henry , Gao Qi , Zhu Huiping 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundPractical interventions of fall prevention are challenging for infants and toddlers. This study aimed to explore specific details of falls that occurred at home for kids 0–3 years old using key information from social media platforms, which provided abundant data sources for fall events.MethodsWe used internet-based search techniques to collect fall events information from 2013 to 2023. The search was restricted and implemented between 1 and 12 April 2023. Online platforms included Baidu, Weibo, WeChat, TikTok, Toutiao and Little Red Book. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to analyse the fall events and major factors, including the fall event time, child age, environmental factors and behavioural characteristics of children and caregivers.ResultsWe identified 1005 fall injury cases among infants and toddlers. Fall mechanisms included falls from household furniture (71.2%), falls from height (21.4%) and falls on the same level (7.4%). Environmental risk factors mainly consisted of not using or installing bed rails incorrectly, a gap between beds, unstable furniture, slippery ground and windows without guardrails. Behavioural factors included caregivers leaving a child alone, lapsed attention, turning around to retrieve something, misusing baby products, inadequately holding the child and falling asleep with children. Child behavioural factors included walking or running while holding an object in hand or mouth and underdeveloped walking skills.ConclusionInterventions for preventing falls should be designed specifically for Chinese families, especially considering family function in the context of Chinese culture. Social media reports could provide rich information for researchers.
Children’s participatory needs in injury prevention: reflections on supporting children’s right to invite and comfort in discussing sensitive topics
Authors: Bauer Michelle Emma Eileen , Pike Ian 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundChild-centred approaches in injury prevention emphasise the importance of practising bidirectional communications and decentring researcher–child power relations to support children’s participation in research. To date, however, a dearth of scholarship offers methodological reflections on how to bolster children’s feelings of comfort in discussing sensitive topics such as their injury experiences.GoalDrawing from lessons we learnt working with children in a low-income to mid-income neighbourhood in Vancouver, Canada, we discuss the ways in which our strategies to support their participation succeeded in, and at times fell short of, supporting their participatory needs.DiscussionOur discussions focus attention on two important areas for consideration in future injury prevention studies: (1) Children’s inclusion in research and the demand for them to share experience and (2) supporting children’s right to invite and comfort in discussing sensitive topics such as injury experiences. We discuss the benefits of making research fun for children and being sensitive to their needs at preliminary recruitment and data collection stages.ImplicationsThese discussions can strengthen researchers’ work with children by helping them to reflect on strategies that can bolster their desire to participate and feel comfortable sharing perspectives.
How many mislabelled samples go unidentified? Results of a pilot study to determine the occult mislabelled sample rate
Authors: Raymond Caitlin , Dell’Osso Liesel , Guerra David , Hernandez Julia , Rendon Leonel , Fuller Donna , Villasante-Tezanos Alejandro , Garcia JuanDavid , McCaffrey Peter , Zahner Christopher 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundSpecimens with incorrect patient information are both a critical safety error and difficult to identify. Estimates of sample mislabelling rely on subjective identification of mislabelling, with the possibility that not all mislabelled samples are being caught.MethodsWe determined the blood type of two or more complete blood count specimens with the same patient label and assessed for discrepancies. We additionally determined the rate of identified sample mislabelling for the study period.ResultsWe found a rate of 3.17 per 1000 discrepancies over the study period. These discrepancies most likely represent occult, or unidentified, mislabelled samples. In contrast, the rate of identified sample mislabelling was 1.15 per 1000.ConclusionsThis study suggests that specimens identified as, or known to be, mislabelled represent only a fraction of those mislabelled. These findings are currently being confirmed in our laboratory and are likely generalisable to other institutions.
Estimating impacts of reducing acrylonitrile exposure on lung cancer mortality in an occupational cohort with the parametric g-formula
Authors: Keil Alexander , Haber Gregory , Graubard Barry , Stewart Patricia A , Silverman Debra , Koutros Stella 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo inform the potential human carcinogenicity of acrylonitrile, we estimate associations between acrylonitrile exposures and lung cancer mortality in US workers with the objectives of (1) assessing potential for healthy worker survivor bias and (2) adjusting for this bias while assessing the expected lung cancer mortality under different hypothetical occupational exposure limits on acrylonitrile exposure using the parametric g-formula.MethodsWe used data from a cohort of 25 460 workers at facilities making or using acrylonitrile in the USA. We estimated HRs to quantify associations between employment and lung cancer mortality, and exposure and leaving employment. Using the parametric g-formula, we estimated cumulative lung cancer mortality at hypothetical limits on acrylonitrile exposure.ResultsRecent and current employment was associated with lung cancer, and exposure was associated with leaving employment, indicating potential for healthy worker survivor bias. Relative to no intervention, reducing the historical exposure under limits of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.45 parts per million would have been expected to reduce lung cancer mortality by age 90 by 4.46 (95% CI 0.78 to 8.15), 5.03 (95% CI 0.96 to 9.11) and 6.45 (95% CI 2.35 to 10.58) deaths per 1000 workers, respectively. A larger lung cancer mortality reduction would be expected under elimination of exposure: 7.21 (95% CI 2.72 to 11.70) deaths per 1000 workers.ConclusionsHealthy worker survivor bias likely led to underestimation of excess risk. Our results corroborate previous study findings of an excess hazard of lung cancer among the highest exposed workers.
Survival outcomes following urgent lung transplantation in France and the USA
Authors: Roussel Arnaud , Sage Edouard , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Thomas Pascal Alexandre , Castier Yves , Fadel Elie , Le Pimpec-Barthes Françoise , Tronc François , Jougon Jacques , Lacoste Philippe , Claustre Johanna , Brouchet Laurent , Dorent Richard , Cantu Edward , Harhay Michael , Porcher Raphaël , Mordant Pierre 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionLung graft allocation can be based on a score (Lung Allocation Score) as in the USA or sequential proposals combined with a discrete priority model as in France. We aimed to analyse the impact of allocation policy on the outcome of urgent lung transplantation (LT).MethodsUS United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and French Cristal databases were retrospectively reviewed to analyse LT performed between 2007 and 2017. We analysed the mortality risk of urgent LT by fitting Cox models and adjusted Restricted Mean Survival Time. We then compared the outcome after urgent LT in the UNOS and Cristal groups using a propensity score matching.ResultsAfter exclusion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema and redo LT, 3775 and 12 561 patients underwent urgent LT and non-urgent LT in the USA while 600 and 2071 patients underwent urgent LT and non-urgent LT in France. In univariate analysis, urgent LT was associated with an HR for death of 1.24 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.48) in the Cristal group and 1.12 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.19) in the UNOS group. In multivariate analysis, the effect of urgent LT was attenuated and no longer statistically significant in the Cristal database (HR 1.1 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.33)) while it remained constant and statistically significant in the UNOS database (HR 1.12 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.2)). Survival comparison of urgent LT patients between the two countries was significantly different in favour of the UNOS group (1-year survival rates 84.1% (80.9%–87.3%) vs 75.4% (71.8%–79.1%) and 3-year survival rates 66.3% (61.9%–71.1%) vs 62.7% (58.5%–67.1%), respectively).ConclusionUrgent LT is associated with adverse outcome in the USA and in France with a better prognosis in the US score-based system taking post-transplant survival into account. This difference between two healthcare systems is multifactorial.
On a bulk gap strategy for quantum lattice models
Authors: Young Amanda 
Published: May 2024

Establishing the (non)existence of a spectral gap above the ground state in the thermodynamic limit is one of the fundamental steps for characterizing the topological phase of a quantum lattice model. This is particularly challenging when a model is expected to have low-lying edge excitations, but nevertheless a positive bulk gap. We review the bulk gap strategy introduced in [S. Warzel and A. Young, The spectral gap of a fractional quantum Hall system on a thin torus, J. Math. Phys. 63 (2022) 041901; S. Warzel and A. Young, A bulk spectral gap in the presence of edge states for a truncated pseudopotential, Ann. Henri Poincaré 24 (2023) 133–178], while studying truncated Haldane pseudopotentials. This approach is able to avoid low-lying edge modes by separating the ground states and edge states into different invariant subspaces before applying spectral gap bounding techniques. The approach is stated in a general context, and we reformulate specific spectral gap methods in an invariant subspace context to illustrate the necessary conditions for combining them with the bulk gap strategy. We then review its application to a truncation of the 1/3-filled Haldane pseudopotential in the cylinder geometry.