bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective 12‐month structured weight loss intervention in women with severe obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: Impact of weight loss on eating behaviors
Authors: Kataoka Josefin , Stener‐Victorin Elisabet , Schmidt Johanna , Larsson Ingrid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe knowledge regarding eating behavior and disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and severe obesity is limited. This study aimed to assess eating behavior and lifestyle factors in women with severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2), with and without PCOS, and the effect of weight loss on these behaviors.Material and MethodsA prospective clinical trial with participants screened for PCOS using National Institutes of Health criteria. Participants completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire, and Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns‐revised, and were evaluated regarding binge eating disorder using DSM‐5 criteria before and after a 12‐month weight loss intervention. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01319162.Results246 women were included (PCOS n = 63, age 33.0 ± 8.4, BMI 39.9 ± 4.7; non‐PCOS n = 183, age 37.7 ± 8.7, BMI 39.6 ± 4.3). Women with PCOS showed elevated baseline scores in cognitive restraint eating (50.0 [33.3–63.2]) compared to women without PCOS (38.9 [27.8–55.6]; p = 0.012). No differences were observed between groups in emotional and uncontrolled eating. In both groups, cognitive restraint eating was negatively correlated with energy intake (PCOS: r = −0.315, p < 0.05; non‐PCOS: r = −0.214, p < 0.001), while uncontrolled eating displayed a positive correlation with energy intake (PCOS: r = 0.263, p = 0.05; non‐PCOS: r = 0.402, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between emotional eating and energy intake only in women without PCOS (r = 0.400, p < 0.001). Baseline self‐reported energy intake and physical activity did not differ between groups. At 12‐month follow‐up, women with PCOS reported reduced fat intake. Women without PCOS reported reduced energy intake, carbohydrates and sugar, increased protein, reduced scores for emotional and uncontrolled eating, and heightened scores for cognitive restraint eating. Comparing changes from baseline to follow‐up, differences were found between groups in cognitive restraint, intake of fat, carbohydrates, and sugar. The mean weight loss was 12–14 kg, with no between‐group difference (p = 0.616).ConclusionsWomen with severe obesity and PCOS showed elevated cognitive restraint eating behaviors compared to women without PCOS. Although significant weight loss was seen in both groups, alterations in eating behavior more favorable for weight loss were only seen in women without PCOS.
The double‐edged sword of ethical leadership: Investigating when and why ethical leadership promotes versus inhibits team performance
Authors: Liu Ye , Shao Yan , Yan Jin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough previous studies pointed towards a positive association of ethical leadership and team performance, we suggest that ethical leadership may have unintended, paradoxical effects on interpersonal dynamics within the team, and, ultimately, team performance. Drawing on social information processing theory, we propose that ethical leadership can be a mixed blessing, with paradoxical impacts on team performance via two distinct pathways—task and relationship conflicts, contingent upon the team's informal power disparity. Specifically, we propose that ethical leadership has a positive indirect effect on team performance via reducing relationship conflict but a negative indirect effect on team performance via suppressing task conflict. Those indirect effects are more pronounced when the team has a more egalitarian power structure among their members. Results from a three‐wave field study, in which we surveyed 90 work teams in China, provided support for our conceptual model. Our findings reveal the benefits and costs of ethical leadership and the importance of examining informal power disparity in this leadership process.
Outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in real‐world clinical practice who met or did not meet the inclusion criteria for the phase 3 IMbrave150 trial
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Nishikawa Hiroki , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Koshiyama Yuichi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Kawata Kazuhito , Ohama Hideko , Tada Fujimasa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Nishimura Takashi , Imai Michitaka , Kosaka Hisashi , Naganuma Atsushi , Matono Tomomitsu , Aoki Tomoko , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Yata Yutaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Enomoto Hirayuki , Kaibori Masaki , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi ,   the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group,   the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Experts from 48 clinics in Japan (HCC 48) Group
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundAtezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev) is frequently selected as the primary systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).AimsTo investigate the outcomes of patients with HCC treated with Atezo/Bev in a real‐world setting based on whether they met the inclusion criteria for the phase 3 IMbrave150 trial.MethodsA total of 936 patients were enrolled. There were 404 patients who met the inclusion criteria of the phase 3 IMbrave150 trial (IMbrave150 group) and 532 who did not (non‐IMbrave150 group).ResultsMedian progression‐free survival (PFS) in the IMbrave150 and non‐IMbrave150 groups was 7.4 months and 5.6 months (p = 0.002). Multivariable analysis revealed that non‐B, non‐C HCC aetiology (hazard ratio [HR], 1.173), α‐fetoprotein ≥100 ng/mL (HR, 1.472), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage ≥ C (HR, 1.318), and modified albumin–bilirubin (mALBI) grade 2b or 3 (HR, 1.476) are independently associated with PFS. Median overall survival (OS) in the IMbrave150 and non‐Imbrave150 groups was 26.5 and 18.8 months (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2 (HR, 1.986), α‐fetoprotein ≥100 ng/mL (HR, 1.481), and mALBI grade 2b or 3 (HR, 2.037) are independently associated with OS. In subgroup analysis, there were no significant differences in PFS or OS between these groups among patients with mALBI grade 1 or 2a.ConclusionsPatients who are treated with Atezo/Bev and meet the inclusion criteria for the phase 3 IMbrave150 trial, as well as those who do not meet the inclusion criteria but have good liver function, have a good prognosis for survival.
Single‐incision laparoscopic surgery for benign multicystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum in a young man: A case report
Authors: Hayashi Yuki , Gohda Yoshimasa , Kataoka Atsuko , Ishimaru Kazuhiro , Otani Kensuke , Kiyomatsu Tomomichi , Kinjo Tatsuya , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Yano Hideaki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBenign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM) is a rare condition, particularly in men, and the preoperative diagnosis poses a challenge. Here, we present a case involving single‐incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for BMPM in a 24‐year‐old man with a pelvic mass and a history of ulcerative colitis. Pelvic imaging revealed multifocal cysts, prompting the performance of SILS. The tumor was successfully resected with no residual lesions, and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of BMPM. This case represents the first documented instance of SILS being employed for BMPM in a man. BMPM, characterized by pelvic multifocal cysts, is a differential diagnosis, and SILS emerges as a viable option for both diagnosis and treatment.
Guideline for the Management of Conception and Pregnancy in Thalassaemia Syndromes: A British Society for Haematology Guideline
Authors: Shah Farrukh T. , Nicolle Sarah , Garg Mamta , Pancham Shivan , Lieberman Gidon , Anthony Karen , Mensah Amma Kyei 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis comprehensive guideline, developed by a representative group of UK‐based medical experts specialising in haemoglobinopathies, addresses the management of conception and pregnancy in patients with thalassaemia. A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE using specific keywords, formed the basis of the literature review. Key terms included “thalassaemia,” “pregnancy,” “Cooley's anaemia,” “Mediterranean anaemia,” and others, covering aspects such as fertility, iron burden and ultrasonography. The guideline underwent rigorous review by prominent organisations, including the Endocrine Society, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), the United Kingdom Thalassaemia Society and the British Society of Haematology (BSH) guideline writing group. Additional feedback was solicited from a sounding board of UK haematologists, ensuring a thorough and collaborative approach. The objective of the guideline is to equip healthcare professionals with precise recommendations for managing conception and pregnancy in patients with thalassaemia.
The metabolic fuel of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Authors: Guarnera Luca , Visconte Valeria 
Published: May 2024

Metabolic reprogramming has been investigated in haematological malignancies. To date, a few studies have analysed the metabolic profile of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). The study by Chen and colleagues sheds light on the involvement of metabolic changes in the proliferation of PNH clones.Commentary on: Chen et al. The histone demethylase JMJD1C regulates CPS1 expression and promotes the proliferation of PNH clones through cell metabolic reprogramming. Br J Haematol 2024;204:2468‐2479.
Improving detection of carcinoma in situ in bladder cancer: urinary cytology vs the Xpert® BC Monitor
Authors: Haas Maximilian , Kriegmair Maximilian C. , Breyer Johannes , Sikic Danijel , Wezel Felix , Roghmann Florian , Brehmer Mirco , Wirtz Ralph M. , Jarczyk Jonas , Erben Philipp , Bahlinger Veronika , Goldschmidt Franziska , Fechner Guido , Chen Jack , Paxinos Ellen , Bates Michael , Zengerling Friedemann , Bolenz Christian , Burger Maximilian , Hartmann Arndt , Eckstein Markus 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate and compare the performance of urinary cytology and the Xpert BC Monitor test in the detection of bladder cancer in various clinically significant patient cohorts, including patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS), in a prospective multicentre setting, aiming to identify potential applications in clinical practice.Patients and MethodsA total of 756 patients scheduled for transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) were prospectively screened between July 2018 and December 2020 at six German University Centres. Central urinary cytology and Xpert BC Monitor tests were performed prior to TURBT. The diagnostic performance of urinary cytology and the Xpert BC Monitor was evaluated according to sensitivity (SN), specificity (SC), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV). Statistical comparison of urinary cytology and the Xpert BC Monitor was conducted using the McNemar test.ResultsOf 756 screened patients, 733 (568 male [78%]; median [interquartile range] age 72 [62–79] years) were included. Bladder cancer was present in 482 patients (65.8%) with 258 (53.5%) high‐grade tumours. Overall SN, SC, NPV and PPV were 39%, 93%, 44% and 92% for urinary cytology, and 75%, 69%, 59% and 82% for the Xpert BC Monitor. In patients with CIS (concomitant or solitary), SN, SC, NPV and PPV were 59%, 93%, 87% and 50% for urinary cytology, and 90%, 69%, 95% and 50% for the Xpert BC Monitor. The Xpert BC Monitor missed four tumours (NPV = 98%) in patients with solitary CIS, while potentially avoiding 63.3% of TURBTs in inconclusive or negative cystoscopy and a negative Xpert result.ConclusionPositive urinary cytology may indicate bladder cancer and should be taken seriously. The Xpert BC Monitor may represent a useful diagnostic tool for correctly identifying patients with solitary CIS and unsuspicious or inconclusive cystoscopy.
Measuring physicians' response to incentives: Labour supply, multitasking and earnings
Authors: Somé Nibene H. , Fortin Bernard , Shearer Bruce 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhysicians are typically paid for services completed. Yet, they provide different types of services with different prices, introducing a multitasking element to their labour‐supply decisions. We show that optimal behaviour generates a maximum earnings function in which earnings depend on prices and total hours worked. Estimation by limited‐information methods identifies a lower bound to the own‐price substitution effect of a price change. Full‐information methods identify the full response to incentives, including income effects. We illustrate these methods on a sample of specialist physicians working in Québec, Canada. Our results suggest that the own‐price substitution effects of a price change are both economically and statistically significant. Income effects are present but overridden when prices increase for individual services. In contrast, in the presence of broad‐based fee increases, the income effect dominates the substitution effect, which leads physicians to reduce their supply of services.
Advanced tumor electric fields therapy: A review of innovative research and development and prospect of application in glioblastoma
Authors: Lan Jinxin , Liu Yuyang , Chen Junyi , Liu Hongyu , Feng Yaping , Liu Jialin , Chen Ling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a high mortality rate and is the most prevalent primary intracranial tumor that remains incurable. The current standard treatment, which involves surgery along with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, only yields a survival time of 14–16 months. However, the introduction of tumor electric fields therapy (TEFT) has provided a glimmer of hope for patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM, as it has been shown to extend the median survival time to 20 months. The combination of TEFT and other advanced therapies is a promising trend in the field of GBM, facilitated by advancements in medical technology.AimsIn this review, we provide a concise overview of the mechanism and efficacy of TEFT. In addition, we mainly discussed the innovation of TEFT and our proposed blueprint for TEFT implementation.ConclusionTumor electric fields therapy is an effective and highly promising treatment modality for GBM. The full therapeutic potential of TEFT can be exploited by combined with other innovative technologies and treatments.
A randomized, double‐blind trial assessing the efficacy and safety of two doses of dulaglutide in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (AWARD‐JPN)
Authors: Morioka Tomoaki , Takeuchi Masakazu , Ozeki Akichika , Emoto Masanori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and safety of dulaglutide 1.5 mg versus dulaglutide 0.75 mg in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsA Phase 3, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group study was conducted in Japanese participants aged ≥20 years, with T2D for ≥6 months and inadequate glycaemic control, while on a single oral antihyperglycaemic medication (NCT04809220). The primary objective was to evaluate superiority of dulaglutide 1.5 mg versus dulaglutide 0.75 mg measured by mean change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to 26 weeks. Other efficacy and safety endpoints were evaluated at 26 and 52 weeks. All statistical analyses were conducted using the intention‐to‐treat population.ResultsOverall, 591 participants were randomized to once‐weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg or 0.75 mg. At Week 26, dulaglutide 1.5 mg was superior to dulaglutide 0.75 mg in HbA1c reduction from baseline (least squares mean [LSM] difference −0.29% [95% confidence interval {CI} −0.43, −0.14]). At Week 52, the dulaglutide 1.5‐mg arm had a significantly greater proportion of participants who achieved HbA1c <7.0% (46.3% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.03) and showed significantly greater reduction in fasting serum glucose (LSM difference −9.4 mg/dL [95% CI −14.4, −4.3]; p < 0.001) versus the dulaglutide 0.75‐mg arm. No statistically significant change in body weight was observed in either treatment arm. Overall, 442 participants (75.4%) experienced treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Constipation (11.3%), diarrhoea (9.6%) and pyrexia (9.0%) were the most commonly reported TEAEs.ConclusionsDulaglutide 1.5 mg once weekly demonstrated superior glycaemic control versus dulaglutide 0.75 mg once weekly, with comparable safety and tolerability, in Japanese people with T2D.
Functional reorganization of North American wintering avifauna
Authors: Quimbayo Juan P. , Murphy Stephen J. , Jarzyna Marta A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWintering birds serve as vital climate sentinels, yet they are often overlooked in studies of avian diversity change. Here, we provide a continental‐scale characterization of change in multifaceted wintering avifauna and examine the effects of climate change on these dynamics. We reveal a strong functional reorganization of wintering bird communities marked by a north–south gradient in functional diversity change, along with a superimposed mild east–west gradient in trait composition change. Assemblages in the northern United States saw contractions of the functional space and increases in functional evenness and originality, while the southern United States saw smaller contractions of the functional space and stasis in evenness and originality. Shifts in functional diversity were underlined by significant reshuffling in trait composition, particularly pronounced in the western and northern United States. Finally, we find strong contributions of climate change to this functional reorganization, underscoring the importance of wintering birds in tracking climate change impacts on biodiversity.
Use of the combination of spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis and overnight oximetry to predict the outcomes of patients affected by motor neuron disease: The Milan‐Torin respiratory score (Mi‐To‐RS)
Authors: Schito Paride , Manera Umberto , Russo Tommaso , Cremona George , Riboldi Elisa , Tettamanti Andrea , Agosta Federica , Quattrini Angelo , Chiò Adriano , Filippi Massimo , Calvo Andrea , Riva Nilo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe use of multiple tests, including spirometry, arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis and overnight oximetry (OvOx), is highly recommended to monitor the respiratory function of patients with motor neuron disease (MND). In this study, we propose a composite score to simplify the respiratory management of MND patients and better stratify their prognosis.Materials and MethodsWe screened the clinical charts of 471 non‐ventilated MND patients referred to the Neuro‐rehabilitation Unit of the San Raffaele Scientific Institute of Milan (January 2001–December 2019), collecting spirometric, ABG and OvOx parameters. To evaluate the prognostic role of each measurement, univariate Cox regression for death/tracheostomy was performed, and the variables associated with survival were selected to design a scoring system. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were then carried out to evaluate the prognostic role of the score. Finally, results were replicated in an independent cohort from the Turin ALS Center.ResultsThe study population included 450 patients. Six measurements were found to be significantly associated with survival and were selected to design a scoring system (maximum score = 8 points). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significant stratification of survival and time to non‐invasive mechanical ventilation adaptation according to score values, and multivariate analysis confirmed the independent effect of the respiratory score on survival of each cohort.ConclusionForced vital capacity, ABG and OvOx parameters provide complementary information for the respiratory management and prognosis of MND patients and the combination of these parameters into a single score might help neurologists predict prognosis and guide decisions on the timing of the implementation of different diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.
Glucagonlike peptide‐1 receptor agonists versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in ischemic strokes with diabetes 2
Authors: Hastrup Sidsel , Hedegaard Jakob Nebeling , Andersen Grethe , Rungby Jørgen , Johnsen Soren Paaske 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeCardiovascular outcome trials demonstrate that glucagonlike peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4is) have not shown cardiovascular benefits. We compared acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with T2D treated with either a GLP‐1RA or DPP‐4i prior to the index stroke.MethodsThis national cohort study included AIS patients with T2D from 2017 to 2020 in Denmark who were users of a GLP‐1RA or DPP‐4i. To be categorized as a user, we required at least 12 months of exposure and no concurrent treatment with another newer glucose‐lowering medication during the last 3 months prior to the index stroke. GLP‐1RA users were compared to users of DPP‐4i while adjusting for the calendar year of index stroke, age, sex, comorbidity, and socioeconomic factors.ResultsThe study included 1567 AIS events with T2D; 593 were users of GLP‐1RA and 974 of DPP‐4i. The absolute risk of a very severe stroke was 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–3.7) in GLP‐1RA users and 6.1% (95% CI = 4.6–7.7) in DPP‐4i users. The corresponding adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of GLP‐1RA versus DPP‐4i was 0.49 (95% CI = 0.24–1.00). The aRRs of 30‐day and 365‐day mortality were 0.55 (95% CI = 0.32–0.94) and 0.72 (95% CI = 0.53–0.98), respectively.ConclusionsThe risk of a very severe stroke as well as the 30‐day and 365‐day poststroke mortality rates were lower among the AIS patients with comorbid T2D receiving GLP‐1RA prior to the index stroke compared to those receiving DPP‐4i. Hence, GLP‐1RA may improve stroke outcomes in comparison with DPP‐4i.