bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource use pattern analysis for predicting resource availability in opportunistic grids
Authors: Finger Marcelo , Bezerra Germano C. , Conde Danilo R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work presents a method for predicting resource availability in opportunistic grids by means of use pattern analysis (UPA), a technique based on non‐supervised learning methods. This prediction method is based on the assumption of the existence of several classes of computational resource use patterns, which can be used to predict the resource availability. Trace‐driven simulations validate this basic assumptions, which also provide the parameter settings for the accurate learning of resource use patterns. Experiments made with an implementation of the UPA method show the feasibility of its use in the scheduling of grid tasks with very little overhead. The experiments also demonstrate the method's superiority over other predictive and non‐predictive methods. An adaptative prediction method is suggested to deal with the lack of training data at initialization. Further adaptative behaviour is motivated by experiments which show that, in some special environments, reliable resource use patterns may not always be detected. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brightening, Blinking, Bluing and Bleaching in the Life of a Quantum Dot: Friend or Foe?
Authors: Lee Steven F. , Osborne Mark A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSemiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) are highly photoluminescent materials with unique optical attributes that are being exploited in an ever‐increasing array of applications. However, the complex surface chemistry of these finite‐sized fluorophores gives rise to a number of photophysical phenomena that can complicate their use in imaging applications. Fluorescence intermittency (FI), photoluminescence enhancement (PLE) and spectral bluing are properties of QD emission that would appear, at first sight, detrimental to quantitative measurement. Fortunately, developments in rational QD synthesis and surface modification are promising to minimize the effects of these fluorescence instabilities, while applications that exploit them are now coming to the fore. We review recent experimental and theoretical studies of FI, PLE and bluing, highlighting the benefits, as well as complications, they bring to key applications.
Characterization of compensation and trapping in CdTe and CdZnTe: Recent advances
Authors: Babentsov V. , Franc J. , Höschl P. , Fiederle M. , Benz K. W. , Sochinskii N. V. , Dieguez E. , James R. B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractResults on the properties of the known impurities, Ge, Sn, V and Bi, and the lattice imperfections, VCd and TeCd are summarized. We discuss their role in compensation, and in buffering the variations in shallow electronic levels in the grown ingot. We demonstrate that (∼2÷3 kT) variations of the Fermi energy increases carrier trapping to the deep levels. Trapping is manifest in a photoconductivity signal that can be studied by photoconductivity methods, thus allowing to monitor the spectroscopic‐grade material before fabricating the detectors. Our approach could be important in preventing the after‐glow effect and polarization. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generation and classification of Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb circuits using the DVCC
Authors: Soliman Ahmed M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNew circuits realizing the Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb (KHN) and using three or four differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) are generated from the basic KHN and inverted KHN block diagrams. The circuits are classified into two types, type A employs three DVCC and type B employs four DVCC. Each type includes four classes of circuits depending on the four possible integrator polarities. Each class can be realized by several circuits as will be demonstrated in the paper. All the eight possible sign combinations of the output voltages polarities are obtainable from the two types; four sign combinations from each type. The eight block diagrams are included to demonstrate the difference between each class of circuits. Spice simulation results demonstrating the practicality of the proposed filters are included. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An application and characteristic analysis of MOGA for bi‐objective optimal component allocation problem in series‐parallel redundant system
Authors: Yamachi Hidemi , Tsujimura Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Hisashi , Kambayashi Yasushi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe discuss a solution method based on evolutionary technology for the optimal component allocation problem in a series‐parallel redundant system. A series‐parallel system consists of subsystems that are connected in series and each subsystem consists of interchangeable components in parallel. There are some heuristic methods to approximately solve the optimal component allocation problem for series‐parallel systems. We have formulated this problem as a multi‐objective optimization problem minimizing the system cost and maximizing the system reliability, and proposed an algorithm that obtains the exact solutions (Pareto solutions) of the problems in an efficient way. Because this problem is one of the NP‐complete problems, it is difficult to obtain the optimal solution for the large‐scale problems and methods that obtain the exact solutions are not known. The algorithm utilizes the depth‐first search method to eliminate useless searches and employs the branch‐and‐bound method to obtain the Pareto solutions. According to the results of our numerical experiments, the algorithm searches the Pareto solutions in practical execution time for not‐so‐large‐scale problems. In order to solve larger‐scale problems, we propose a multi‐objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). We evaluate the ability of the MOGA by comparison with the exact solution method by using various scale problems. Through those experiments, we discuss the characteristics of this problem and analyze the effectiveness of our method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(9): 7–16, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10100
Ericaceous shrubs on abandoned block‐cut peatlands: implications for soil water availability and Sphagnum restoration
Authors: Farrick Kegan K , Price Jonathan S 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFollowing harvesting by manual block‐cut methods and subsequent abandonment, Cacouna bog has undergone a natural vegetation succession, with ericaceous shrubs covering more than 90% of the surface. The abundance of shrubs plays a major role in the soil water flux and availability at the site, impacting Sphagnum regeneration. From June 1 to August 22, 2007, field measurements indicate that transpiration represented the largest water loss from the shrubs at 1·7 mm day−1, comprising 142 mm (42%) of rainfall, compared to 93 mm of evaporation (28%) from bare soil. The rainfall interception from the canopy (62 mm) and litter (15 mm) accounted for 23% of seasonal rainfall. Thus after transpiration and interception losses are accounted for, only 115 mm of the 334 mm of rain (34%) remained available for other processes (recharge/soil evaporation). In the field, the litter layer prevented 17 mm from being lost over the summer as it reduced evaporation by 18%. Laboratory experiments using intact soil monoliths with and without shrubs and litter indicate that at depths below 10 cm the water content from the shrub monoliths decreased 27% versus 20% in the bare peat monoliths because of root water uptake. As a management prescription, raising the water table within 20 cm of the surface would provide water to the most active root uptake zones, reducing the need for extraction from the upper 10 cm of the peat. At this level sufficient water can be supplied to the surface through capillary rise, providing adequate water for the reestablishment/survival of Sphagnum. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation and discussion of disturbance observer‐based anti‐slip/skip readhesion control for electric train
Authors: Shimizu Yosuke , Kadowaki Satoshi , Ohishi Kiyoshi , Hata Tadashi , Sano Takashi , Yasukawa Shinobu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe improvement of adhesion characteristics is very important for electric trains. The drive system of electric trains must have fine anti‐slip and anti‐skid readhesion controls. In order to achieve the required adhesion, we have already proposed an anti‐slip/skid readhesion control system based on disturbance observer and sensorless vector control. Moreover, we have already applied the proposed method to actual electric multiple unit trains Series 205‐5000. In this paper, using the experimental results of Series 205‐5000 and the numerical simulation results, we evaluate the proposed anti‐slip/skid readhesion control system and confirm that the system has the desired driving wheel torque response. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(4): 55–64, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20834
Supply and demand control of distributed generators in a microgrid for new energy
Authors: Shimakage Toyonari , Sumita Jiro , Uchiyama Noriyuki , Kato Takeyoshi , Suzuoki Yasuo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report the operational results of distributed generators (DGs) in a microgrid and present the effects after photovoltaic power generation (PV) systems were incorporated into the microgrid for an electric power system. The microgrid was constructed at the Expo 2005 Aichi site as part of a demonstration promoted by NEDO. A solution is needed for problems in which instability in DGs that utilize natural energy such as solar light and wind force negatively influences existing electric power systems. Consequently, we developed an energy‐control system and controlled the output of the DGs to reduce fluctuations at the grid‐connection point caused by unstable PV‐system output. Our microgrid consisted of DGs such as PV systems, fuel cells, and NaS batteries, and these DGs were controlled by an energy‐control system. We tested and then verified the practical effectiveness of installing the microgrid as follows. We found that (1) 99.5% of the power imbalance in supply and demand over a period of 30 min was within a range of ±3% under normal operating conditions, (2) the microgrid contributed to load leveling, (3) the energy‐control system smoothed the power‐flow fluctuations of PV‐system output at the grid connection point, and (4) installing microgrids should help reduce additional Load Frequency Control (LFC) capacity in the future. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(4): 1–8, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20872
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Rhodium and Iridium: Steric Effects on Molecular Conformation
Authors: Nichol Gary S. , Rajaseelan Jonathan , Anna Laura J. , Rajaseelan Edward 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA series of new RhI triazole‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes [(cod)Rh(NHC)Cl] 2a–c were obtained by transmetallation from AgI complexes using n‐butyl, benzyl and neopentyl NHC wing tip substituents. The corresponding new RhI ionic complexes (3a‐c) were synthesized bytreating compounds 2a–c with triphenylphosphane and AgBF4. These complexes were characterized by nmr spectroscopy and the structures of 2c, 3a, 3b, and 3c were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 3b formed two polymorphs, the first reported incidence of polymorphism in this type of NHC. Ir analogues, 4, of complexes 3a–c were also synthesized; two complexes are isomorphous with the Rh analogues 4b and 4c while 4a has a different structure. Differences in syn and anti molecular conformation of the NHC ligands is rationalized in terms of stabilizing intramolecular C–H···π interactions and steric crowding of the PPh3 ligand.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Mild Approach to the Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐8‐(arylamino)pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidine 3‐Oxides
Authors: Ribeiro Alexandra , Carvalho M. Alice , Proença M. Fernanda 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe reaction of benzylhydroxylamine with 6‐cyanopurines leads to the formation of 7‐benzyloxy‐8‐imino‐7,8‐dihydropyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines. The hydrochloride of these compounds, isolated upon addition of aqueous hydrochloric acid, is a convenient precursor of the pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidine N‐oxides when a suspension of the salt is refluxed in ethanol or acetonitrile. Refluxing a solution of the same salt in ethanol, leads to the Dimroth‐rearranged product.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Enantiospecific binding of Rotigotine and its antipode to serum albumins: Investigation of binding constants and binding sites by partial‐filling ACE
Authors: Chu Bao‐Lin , Lin Jin‐Ming , Wang Zhihua , Guo Baoyuan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEnantiospecific binding of antiparkinsonian medication Rotigotine (S‐enantiomer) and its antipode to HSA or BSA was demonstrated employing partial‐filling ACE (PF‐ACE) under near‐physiological conditions (50 mM phosphate, pH 7.4, 37°C). The enantioseparation of the enantiomers was achieved by PF‐ACE. Subsequently, the binding characteristics of the enantiomers to the serum albumins were investigated. Based on the PF‐ACE data, the following binding constants were obtained:Kb,HSA,S=8884±255 M−1,Kb,HSA,R=17648±587 M−1,Kb,BSA,S=7348±237 M−1,Kb,BSA,R=9353±352 M−1. It revealed that Rotigotine had weaker affinity for the two serum albumins, and both enantiomers showed stronger affinity for HSA than BSA. The presence of either site marker (warfarin or ketoprofen) had adverse effect on the enantioseparation due to the competitive binding, or even eliminated the enantioselective binding of the enantiomers to the albumin when the molar ratio of the site marker to the albumin was at certain level. Although there might be a synergistic binding between the drug and the albumin, it was suggested that site II and I were the preferential binding site of the drug on HSA and BSA, respectively.
CEC enantioseparations of carboxylic acids on silica‐based monoliths modified with ergot alkaloid derivative
Authors: Messina Antonella , Moroni Sara , Flieger Miroslav , Sinibaldi Massimo , Ursini Ornella 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe enantioseparation of carboxylic acids, including amino acid dansyl‐derivatives, 2‐arylpropionic acids and 2‐aryloxypropionic acids, was tested by CEC on a porous silica sol‐gel monolithic column that was prepared by polycondensation of tetramethoxysilane in acidic conditions and post‐gelation heat treatment (120°C for 3 h) in the presence of urea, and successively, by anchoring to the silica (+)‐1‐allyl‐(5R,8S,10R)‐terguride as the chiral selector. The bimodal structure of the sorbent showed through pores with a median value of 1.39 μm and a mesopore size distribution ranging between 6 and 12 nm (average pore size of 9.9 nm). To attain optimum separation conditions, the influence of the pH and the concentration of the buffer solution in the mobile phase on resolution were investigated. The monolithic column showed: (i) for the compounds studied resolution values two or three times higher in comparison with previously developed separation systems where the same chiral selector was used. For example, on the monolithic column Dns‐serine enantiomers were much better separated (8 min with a selectivity factor of 1.34) than by HPLC (20 min, α=1.17); (ii) high chemical and mechanical stability as demonstrated by the use of such column for hundreds of analysis along about 1 year without significant variations of the resolution and the retention parameters.
Direct chiral analysis of primary amine drugs in human urine by single drop microextraction in‐line coupled to CE
Authors: Choi Kihwan , Kim Jungyeon , Jang Yong Oh , Chung Doo Soo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThree‐phase single drop microextraction (SDME) was in‐line coupled to chiral CE of weakly basic amine compounds including amphetamine. SDME was used for the matrix isolation and sample preconcentration in order to directly analyze urine samples with the minimal pretreatment of adding NaOH. A small drop of an acidic aqueous acceptor phase covered with a thin layer of octanol was formed at the tip of a capillary by simple manipulation of the liquid handling functions of a commercial CE instrument. While the saline matrix of the urine sample was blocked by the octanol layer, the basic analytes in a basic aqueous donor phase were concentrated into the acidic acceptor drop through the octanol layer by the driving force of the pH difference between the two aqueous phases. The enantiomers of the enriched amines were resolved by using (+)‐(18‐crown‐6)‐tetracarboxylic acid as a chiral selector for the subsequent CE separation. From 10 min SDME with the agitation of the donor phase by a small stirrer retrofit to the CE instrument, enrichment factors were about a 1000‐fold, yielding the LOD of 0.5 ng/mL for amphetamine. This low LOD value as well as the convenience of in‐line coupled SDME make the proposed scheme well suited for the demanding chiral analysis of amphetamine‐type stimulants.
The human lung cell line A549 does not develop adaptive protection against the DNA‐damaging action of formaldehyde
Authors: Speit Günter , Neuss Simone , Schmid Oliver 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe alkaline comet assay was used to further characterize the induction of DNA‐protein crosslinks (DPX) by formaldehyde (FA) and their removal in the human lung cell line A549. DPX were indirectly measured as the reduction of gamma ray‐induced DNA migration. Repeated treatments of A549 cells with low FA concentrations (up to 100 μM) did not lead to significant differences in the induction of DPX in comparison with a single treatment. Pretreatment with higher FA‐concentrations (200 μM and above) enhanced the crosslinking effect. There was no indication for an adaptive protection against the induction of DPX by FA. These findings are in agreement with RT‐PCR measurements of the expression of genes that encode the main enzymes involved in FA detoxification. A549 cells exposed to FA (50–300 μM) for 1, 4, or 24 hr did not reveal altered expression of the GSH‐dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH, which is identical to alcohol dehydrogenase 3; ADH3), the cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1) and the mitochondrial ALDH2. Pretreatment of A549 cells with a low FA concentration (50 μM) also did not enhance the removal of DPX induced by higher FA concentrations. Taken together, these results suggest that A549 cells do not develop adaptive protection against the genotoxic action of FA. Neither metabolic inactivation of FA nor the repair of FA‐induced DPX seems to be enhanced in cells pretreated with FA. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated sedimentation in lake records linked to agricultural activities in the Ishikari River floodplain, northern Japan
Authors: Ahn Young Sang , Nakamura Futoshi , Kizuka Toshikazu , Nakamura Yugo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the historical change in sedimentation rates in lakes that have been impacted by river regulation and agricultural activities in the Ishikari River floodplain. We dated sediment cores using caesium‐137 (137Cs) dating and tephrochronology, and we estimated sediment sources from 137Cs concentrations in the topsoil of representative land covers. We found that, between 1739 and 1963, the distance between the lake and the main river channel and whether or not the lake was connected to the river affected the sedimentation rates. After 1963, agricultural drainage systems were established in the Ishikari River floodplain. The average sedimentation rate before and after the construction of drainage ditches varied between 1–66 and 87–301 mg cm–2 a–1, respectively. The increase in the sedimentation rate after 1963 was caused by the construction of a number of drainage networks, as well as extensive cultivation activity and/or fragmentation of the swamp buffers surrounding the lakes. The 137Cs activities at the surfaces of the lake as well as the catchment‐derived 137Cs contributions and 137Cs inventory in the lake profiles were used to examine the sediment influx from the various drainage areas after the establishment of the drainage system. Our results indicate that the majority of the lake sediments were derived from cultivated areas, and therefore the catchment‐derived 137Cs contribution in the lakes was strongly correlated with the sedimentation rate. The 137Cs inventory across all of the lake profiles was also significantly greater than the atmospheric fallout. We identified a negative correlation between the 137Cs lake profile inventory and the sedimentation rate. This is because the sediment originating from the drainage areas contained low 137Cs concentrations, which diluted the overall concentration of 137Cs in the lake sediment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of thermo‐solutal stratification on recirculation flow patterns in a backward‐facing step channel flow
Authors: Senthil Kumar D. , Murugesan K. , Gupta Akhilesh 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper presents results on the combined effect of thermo‐solutal buoyancy forces on the recirculatory flow behavior in a horizontal channel with backward‐facing step and the ensuing impact on heat and mass transfer phenomena. The governing equations for double diffusive mixed convection are represented in velocity–vorticity form of momentum equations, velocity Poisson equations, energy and concentration equations. Galerkin's finite‐element method has been employed to solve the governing equations. Recirculatory flow fields with heat and mass transfer are simulated for opposing and aiding thermo‐solutal buoyancy forces by assuming suitable boundary conditions for energy and concentration equations. The effect of Richardson number (0.1⩽Ri⩽10) and buoyancy ratio (−10⩽N⩽10) on the recirculation bubble and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are studied in detail. For Richardson number greater than unity, distinct variations in the gradients of Nusselt number and Sherwood number with buoyancy ratio are observed for flow regimes with opposing and aiding buoyancy forces. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualising Liquid Water in PEM Fuel Cells Using Neutron Imaging
Authors: Mukundan R. , Borup R. L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this article, we review the neutron imaging techniques that have been used to visualise liquid water in PEM fuel cells. A list of the various facilities engaged in this research is provided and the published literature in this field reviewed. Neutron imaging has been successfully used to visualise water dynamics in the flow channels of operating fuel cells. This technique has also been used to understand water removal mechanisms and the importance of membrane hydration and GDL flooding to optimal fuel cell performance. More recently this technique has been applied to imaging the water in fuel cell cross‐sections in order to quantify the water contents in the different components of an operating fuel cell. Finally, this technique has also been utilised to examine ice formation during sub‐zero operation of single fuel cells. With ongoing improvements in spatial and temporal resolution, neutron imaging can be expected to play a greater role in any fuel cell development related to water transport.