bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New gravitational wave discoveries enabled by machine learning
Authors: Koloniari Alexandra E , Koursoumpa Evdokia C , Nousi Paraskevi , Lampropoulos Paraskevas , Passalis Nikolaos , Tefas Anastasios , Stergioulas Nikolaos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) has revolutionized our understanding of the Universe, offering unprecedented insights into its dynamics. A major goal of GW data analysis is to speed up the detection and parameter estimation process using machine learning (ML) techniques, in light of an anticipated surge in detected events that would render traditional methods impractical. Here, we present new GW candidate events, the first to be identified in data from a network of interferometric detectors through ML. We discuss several new enhancements of our ResNet-based deep learning code, AresGW, that increased its sensitivity, including a new hierarchical classification of triggers, based on different noise and frequency filters. The enhancements resulted in a significant reduction in the false alarm rate, allowing AresGW to surpass traditional pipelines in the number of detected events in its effective training range (single source masses between 7 and 50 solar masses and source chirp masses between 10 and 40 solar masses), when the new detections are included. We calculate the astrophysical significance of events detected with AresGW using a logarithmic ranking statistic and injections into O3 data. Furthermore, we present spectrograms, parameter estimation, and reconstruction in the time domain for our new candidate events and discuss the distribution of their properties. In addition, the AresGW code exhibited very good performance when tested across various two-detector setups and on observational data from the O1 and O2 observing periods. Our findings underscore the remarkable potential of AresGW as a fast and sensitive detection algorithm for GW astronomy, paving the way for a larger number of future discoveries.
Bone quality assessment around dental implants in cone-beam computed tomography images: effect of scan mode and metal artefact reduction tool
Authors: Bohner Lauren , Parize Hian , Cordeiro João Victor Cunha , Laureano Natalia Koerich , Kleinheinz Johannes , Caldas Ricardo Armini , Dagassan-Berndt Dorothea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how artefacts caused by titanium and zirconia dental implants affect the bone quality assessment in CBCT images. The effect of scan mode and the use of metal artefact reduction algorithm (MAR) on artefacts suppression were taken in consideration.

Methods
Titanium and zirconia dental implants were installed in porcine bone samples and scanned with two CBCT devices with adjustments on scan mode and with the use of MAR. Control group consisted of bone sample without implant and scanned with full rotation scan mode without MAR. Artefacts extension was measured by deviation of gray values and bone quality around implants was measured by bone histomorphometry measurements (trabecular volume fraction, bone specific surface, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation). Mean difference among groups was assessed by within ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Correlation between bone quality measurements acquired in experimental and control groups were assessed by Spearman correlation test (α = 0.05).

Results
No statistical difference was found for artefacts extension in images acquired by half and full-rotation mode (p = 0.82). The application of MAR reduced artefacts caused by titanium and zirconia dental implants, showing no statistically significant difference to the control group (Titanium: p = 0.20; Zirconia: p = 0.31). However, bone quality measurements did not correlate to the control group (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Bone quality assessment was affected by the presence of artefacts caused by dental implants. Scan mode did not affect the appearance of artefacts and did not affect the bone qualitative measurements. MAR was able to decrease artefacts, however, it did not improve the accuracy of bone quality measurements.
Hearing loss predictive model in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva from a national referral center: developing an hearing loss predictive model
Authors: Cacco Tommaso , Papa Riccardo , Carmisciano Luca , Bruzzo Carola , Semino Lucia , Tonelli Alberto , Matucci-Cerinic Caterina , Di Rocco Maja , Bocciardi Renata , Gattorno Marco , D’Agostino Roberto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is the most dramatic form of progressive heterotopic ossification of soft tissues. Hearing impairment in FOP patient is a common feature, reported by about 50% of affected patients. However, wide case series considering audiologic features are lacking. We report the audiologic history of a group of FOP patients in order to define the hearing loss characteristics, genotype association and possible rehabilitative options. We report audiometric history of 16 FOP patients referred to our Institute from 2014 onwards without ear malformations or other known reason for audiologic impairment.
Major involvement of high frequencies in our FOP cohort suggests that the position of the high-frequency receptors within the cochlea, near the oval window, makes them more exposed to damage than the low-frequency receptors located deeper in the cochlea. Furthermore, the reported gender difference may be secondary to a hormonal effect, as known in patients with otosclerosis. Finally, regarding the genotype, we noted that only the non-classic patient carrying the ACVR1 c.619C &gt; G; p.Q207E mutation, presented a mixed hypoacusia with a sensorineural component prevailing on acute frequencies, currently not deserving hearing aids. This evidence suggests a possible novel genotype association to be confirmed in larger cohort.
The present analysis shows that a longer disease history is associated with a statistically significant worse hearing loss, mainly involving the high frequencies. The advent of new therapeutic options highlights the relevance of having comparative follow-up data in order to evaluate the effectiveness of these new therapies against all the various clinical manifestations of FOP.
Investigation of sex determination in African cichlids reveals lack of fixed sex chromosomes in wild populations
Authors: Smith Sophie Helen , Kukowka Sandra , Böhne Astrid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sex chromosomes are theorised to stop recombining and become fixed, yet many taxa show ambiguous genomic signals of sex consistent with either continuous recombination or sex chromosome turnover. Elucidating the basis of sex chromosome conservation or alternatively, turnover, requires comparative studies among natural populations with shared evolutionary histories. The African Great Lake radiations of cichlid fishes display an outstanding propensity to rapidly evolve novel sex-linked regions, yet older cichlid lineages external to these radiations seem to show conservation of a few sex chromosomes. Here, we studied sex-determining regions of species uniquely representing two older lineages within Lake Tanganyika; Oreochromis tanganicae (Oreochromini) and Tylochromis polylepis (Tylochromini). Using a combined SNP- and kmer-based approach, we confirm a ZW system on linkage group (LG) 3 in O. tanganicae, but not the previously proposed sex-determining gene. However, in T. polylepis, no clear region of sex-association could be identified, although kmer-based analyses point towards LG12 as a candidate sex chromosome. Additionally, we investigated four other species from older, non-East African radiation lineages and confirm LG3 to be frequently associated with sex, but also find stronger signals of sex association on different chromosomes not previously discovered. Combined, these results suggest that homomorphic sex chromosomes are a feature of African cichlids at large. LG3 frequently harbours regions of sex-linkage, but is often polygenic with more strongly sex-linked regions on other chromosomes, possibly denoting its ancestral function as sex-determining across African cichlids, that leaves traces as novel sex-determining regions emerge. Our investigation captures this in a phylogenetic context, from emergence, to fixation, or turnover to a new sex chromosome.
Ethics for the labor and delivery unit
Authors: Mann David G. , Sutton Caitlin D. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
The labor and delivery unit poses unique challenges for the clinician faced with an ethical dilemma. Ethics training for physicians is heterogeneous and may not include specifics that are relevant to the obstetric anesthesiologist such as the implications of caring for a maternal–fetal dyad.

Recent findings
Rapid changes to the reproductive healthcare landscape have impacted healthcare professionals in recent years, who are at risk for moral distress when faced with ethical dilemmas in clinical care.

Summary
Principlism is the most commonly applied ethical theory in clinical medicine. The four principles are autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. These principles are prima facie in that no one is defined as being consistently more important than another; it is the clinical situation that determines how to prioritize the principles. This framework allows the obstetric anesthesiologist to assess and manage each of these principles to provide ethically appropriate care for their patient. The aim of this article is to provide the obstetric anesthesiologist with an understanding of the foundational ethical principles that impact the ability to fulfill their fiduciary duty to advocate for patients by offering, and with informed consent, providing indicated and appropriate interventions.
Lumateperone for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder With Mixed Features or Bipolar Depression With Mixed Features
Authors: Durgam Suresh , Kozauer Susan G. , Earley Willie R. , Chen Changzheng , Huo Jason , Lakkis Hassan , Stahl Stephen , McIntyre Roger S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifer NCT04285515) evaluated efficacy and safety of lumateperone to treat major depressive episodes (MDEs) associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar depression with mixed features.

Procedures
Patients (18–75 years) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5)–defined MDD with mixed features (n = 185) or bipolar disorder with mixed features (n = 200) and experiencing an MDE were randomized 1:1 to 6-week placebo (n = 195) or lumateperone 42 mg (n = 193). Primary and key secondary endpoints were change from baseline to day 43 in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale Total and Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity (CGI-S) scores in 3 populations with combined MDD/bipolar depression, individual MDD, and individual bipolar depression. Safety included adverse events (AEs), extrapyramidal symptoms, and laboratory parameters.

Results
Lumateperone met the primary endpoint, significantly improving Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score at day 43 in populations with combined MDD/bipolar depression (least squares mean difference vs placebo [LSMD], −5.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], −7.60,−3.84; effect size [ES], −0.64; P < 0.0001), MDD (LSMD, −5.9; 95% CI, −8.61,−3.29; ES, −0.67; P < 0.0001), and bipolar depression (LSMD, −5.7; 95% CI, −8.29,−3.05; ES, −0.64; P < 0.0001). Lumateperone significantly improved CGI-S and Young Mania Rating Scale total scores at day 43 in these populations. Lumateperone was well-tolerated. Treatment-emergent AEs (≥5%, twice placebo) in the combined population were somnolence (placebo, 1.6%; lumateperone, 12.5%), dizziness (placebo, 2.1%; lumateperone, 12.0%), and nausea (placebo, 1.6%; lumateperone, 9.9%). There were no mania/hypomania treatment-emergent AEs with lumateperone and minimal extrapyramidal symptoms or metabolic risk.

Conclusions
Lumateperone 42 mg significantly improved depression symptoms and disease severity and was generally safe and well-tolerated in patients with MDD or bipolar depression with mixed features.
Flavored Tobacco Restriction Policy Support in New York and the United States, 2022
Authors: Bunch Stephanie Craven , Coats Ellen M. , Brown Elizabeth M. , Nonnemaker James M. , Lee Jennifer , Fajobi OlaOluwa 
Published: February 2025

Context:
Use of flavored commercial tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes, flavored vaping products, and flavored cigars, remains a serious public health concern with implications for health equity. Flavored tobacco use is more prevalent among some populations of adults, including among Black adults; young adults; and adults who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning or queer.

Objective:
This paper explores the prevalence of support for flavored tobacco sales restrictions among a representative sample of adults in New York (NY) and the United States (U.S.).

Design:
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the New York Adult Tobacco Survey and United States Adult Tobacco Survey collected in 2022 to estimate prevalence of support for policies that ban the sale of menthol cigarettes and flavored tobacco products other than menthol cigarettes.

Results:
In 2022, support for banning the sale of menthol cigarettes and/or flavored tobacco was lower among adults who use tobacco, including flavored and/or menthol tobacco; non-Hispanic White adults; males; and those living outside of urban areas. In the same year, 47.1% of NY adults and 37.3% of adults nationally supported both policies banning the sale of menthol cigarettes and the sale of flavored tobacco products other than cigarettes. Support for one policy but not the other was uncommon in NY and nationally. Support for policies that ban the sale of menthol cigarettes was higher in NY than in the U.S. in 2022 among those who use tobacco (32.0% in NY vs 19.3% in the U.S.) and those who use flavored tobacco products (25.8% in NY vs 16.3% in the U.S.).

Conclusions:
Understanding population support for flavored tobacco restrictions provides opportunities for tobacco control programs to tailor education, communications, and surveillance planning at the local, state, and federal levels.
Assessment of the benefits of bone modifying agents in the management of advanced breast, prostate, and lung cancers
Authors: Leigh Jennifer , Lee Shing Fung , Fawaz Ali , Jia Jason , Theriau Christopher F. , Rodrigues Jessica , Brown Janet , Ng Terry L. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Skeletal metastases occur in approximately 80% of advanced breast, 70% of advanced prostate, and 30% of lung cancers, and place patients at increased risk of skeletal related events (SRE). Bone modifying agents (BMAs) have been shown to prevent or delay SRE development. Our objective was to summarize the role of these agents in the management of these three cancers.

Recent findings
Total 52 studies met our inclusion criteria. These highlighted the benefit of BMAs in reducing SREs in metastatic breast and castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), with less clear impact on reducing SRE in lung cancer, or on improving progression-free and overall survival due to significant heterogeneity in trial design and outcomes. Benefits in SRE reduction occurred with bisphosphonates and denosumab, however when compared, denosumab was superior. Denosumab however is not more cost effective, and multiple trials support potential de-escalation to either 12 weekly dosing or other reduced duration.

Summary
There is a large body of evidence to support the role of BMAs in reducing SREs in metastatic breast and mCRPC. Impact on survival outcomes is heterogeneous, and future large database trials would be helpful in identifying which subgroups of patients truly have survival benefit from BMAs.
Membrane partition and structural reorganization induced by anti-psychotics with distinct clinical profiles
Authors: Gorse Ana , Yordanova Vesela , Bodosa Jessica , Mathelié-Guinlet Marion , Walrant Astrid , Taib-Mamaar Nada , Grélard Axelle , François-Martin Claire , Baccouch Rim , Rascol Estelle , Salgado Gil-mar F. , Moreno Maria João , Bastos Margarida , Klauda Jeffery B. , Staneva Galya , Nuss Philippe , Alves Isabel D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAntipsychotics (APs) are used in the treatment of severe mental disorders. Their mechanism of action involves interaction with multiple brain targets, notably the dopamine D2 receptors (D2R), where they compete with dopamine. Due to their lipophilic nature, APs also partition and accumulate in lipid membranes, particularly around the D2R and in synaptic vesicles. When intercalated into brain membranes, APs slowly accumulate and act as a reservoir, allowing their rapid release on demand to modulate neurotransmitter signaling. They also modify the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer. These modifications can subsequently affect the conformational changes of embedded membrane proteins like the D2R. The present study investigated two major APs with different pharmacological and clinical profiles: chlorpromazine, which exerts its clinical activity mainly through a strong antagonistic action at the D2R, and clozapine, the weakest D2R antagonist of all APs. Surprisingly, although D2R antagonism is usually associated with AP potency, clozapine has repeatedly demonstrated clinical superior efficacy to all APs and is therefore recommended for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The current work aims to extend the classical AP receptor mediated paradigmatic mode of action to their potential and unique membrane remodeling properties by thoroughly comparing their partitioning and impact on the physicochemical properties of the lipid membrane. Lipid model membranes mimicking synaptic vesicles have been investigated using a combination of several biophysical methods. The study aims to determine how the partitioning of the two APs modifies membrane order, phase transition, thickness, elasticity, phase separation, membrane integrity and charge. Differences have been demonstrated between these two compounds, which may further differ both over time as they accumulate as well as depending on their pre- or post-synaptic location.
Impact of changes in buffer ionic concentration and mutations on a GH1 β-Glucosidase homodimer
Authors: Chagas Rafael S. , Marana Sandro R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOligomerization is a key feature of protein function, with approximately 30% of proteins exhibiting this trait. The homodimeric form of proteins, such as the GH1 β-Glucosidase fromSpodoptera frugiperda(Sfβgly), plays a significant role in enzyme activity. In this study, we investigate the homodimerization of Sfβgly, which forms a cyclic C2 dimer with a well-defined interface. Using size exclusion chromatography and SEC-MALS, we characterized the homodimerization behavior of Sfβgly at equilibrium conditions in different ionic concentrations of phosphate buffer. The dissociation constants (KD) increase with decreasing ionic concentration, suggesting that the hydrophobic effect is central to homodimer formation. Site-directed mutagenesis of key residues at the dimer interface further elucidated the contributions of specific amino acid residues to dimer stability. Mutations affecting both, apolar and hydrogen bond-forming residues, significantly increased theKD. However, mutations of hydrogen bond-forming residues caused a smallerKDchange than apolar residue mutations, suggesting that while the latter is the driving factor in the dimerization, the former may play a crucial role in guiding the monomers relative orientation. These findings enhance our understanding of protein oligomerization in GH1 β-Glucosidases and its implications for protein design and function.
Hyperlipidemia drives tumor growth in a mouse model of obesity-accelerated breast cancer growth
Authors: Vieira Renan FL , Sanchez Sawyer R , Arumugam Menusha , Mower Peyton D , Curtin Meghan C , Gallop Molly R , Wright Jillian , Bowles Alexis , Ducker Gregory S , Hilgendorf Keren I , Chaix Amandine 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObesity is an established risk factor for breast cancer (BC), yet the specific mechanisms driving this association remain unclear. Dysregulated lipid metabolism has emerged as a key factor in cancer cell biology. While obesity is often accompanied by hyperlipidemia, the isolated impact of elevated lipid levels on BC growth has not been experimentally tested. Using the E0771 orthotopic model of obesity-accelerated BC growth in immune-competent mice, we investigated the direct role of systemic lipids in tumor growth. Combining dietary and genetic mouse models, we show that elevated circulating lipids are sufficient to accelerate BC tumor growth even in the absence of obesity or alterations in blood glucose and/or insulin levels. Pharmacological lowering of systemic lipid levels attenuates BC growth in obese mice, suggesting a direct role for lipids in fueling tumor expansion. Notably, we also show that weight loss alone, without a corresponding reduction in lipid levels such as that induced by a ketogenic diet, fails to protect against BC, highlighting the necessity of targeting lipid metabolism in obesity-associated BC. Our findings establish hyperlipidemia as a critical driver of BC progression and suggest that lipid-lowering interventions may be a promising strategy to mitigate BC risk in obese individuals.
Effectiveness of Carotid Sinus Massage in Modified Trendelenburg Position for Rapid and Lasting Relief of Acute Headache Episodes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Anaya Pablo , Suarez-Roca Heberto 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionHeadaches significantly impair quality of life, and primary headaches are among the most common neurological complaints. Stimulating carotid baroreceptors via carotid sinus massage (CSM) combined with modified Trendelenburg positioning may modulate autonomic activity and alleviate acute headache symptoms. Thus, this study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of this combined approach (CSM+T).MethodsSeventeen patients (14 females; ages 16–64) with tension-type headaches (6), chronic migraines (10), or mixed-headaches (1) and various comorbidities received up to three 15-second CSM+T applications at one-minute intervals. Pain was assessed using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS), while heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded before and after the intervention. A 24-hour follow-up evaluated headache recurrence and adverse effects.ResultsSixteen patients experienced significant pain reduction (median decrease: 9 VAS points; p < 0.0001) without complications. Pain relief persisted 24 hours without the need for additional medication or adverse effects. HR, BP, and SpO2decreased following CSM+T. A negative correlation was observed between HR reduction and pain relief. Among responders, migraine patients had a smaller mean HR decrease than tension-type headache patients, yet both groups achieved similar median pain relief. These results suggest that a more pronounced cardiovagal response does not necessarily confer greater analgesia, implying additional central or multifactorial mechanisms.ConclusionCSM+T appears to be a safe and effective non-pharmacological intervention for rapid headache relief in a heterogeneous patient population. Larger, controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings and refine clinical protocols.