bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Ultra Slim Hole Drilling in Germany: Operational Experience, Current Developments, Way Forward
Authors: Elnozahy Moustafa , Schmidt Matthias , Durkee David L. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Slim hole drilling technology (with hole sizes down to 5⅞ in.) has been successfully developed and implemented since the mid-90’s in Germany, providing significant well cost reductions and minimizing the environmental impact of the drilling activity. It still remains part of the standard design in today’s deep drilling concepts in almost every gas well drilled by the operator in Germany. Well depths are typically 4500 m measured depth (MD) to 5500 m MD and inclination up to 110° in the reservoir.
Over the past 10 years, the operator in Germany has gone a step further by designing and drilling deep gas wells with ultra slim hole, 4⅛-in. reservoir sections as standard, which was previously a contingency hole size. This development allowed the operator to further downsize the wells achieving as much as 25% well cost reduction and enabling economically attractive deep side tracks out of existing small bore wells.
A total of 13 wells with 4⅛-in. reservoir section in deep high temperature gas producing zones were successfully drilled and/or sidetracked over this period of time. The well designs varied from short vertical to horizontal sections with azimuth turns. The wells were drilled in carbonates and in very hard and abrasive sandstones under different reservoir conditions ranging from initially pressurized to highly depleted. In addition to these geological challenges, some slim hole related technical challenges including short downhole tools life, weight on bit (WOB) transfer, and directional control challenges were encountered. Over time, this led to several optimizations with respect to well path and bottomhole assembly (BHA) design and operational practices in order to increase the drilling performance, increase the directional control/steerability behavior, and minimize the risk of losing either the borehole or the BHA.
This paper reviews the operational experience to date in Germany with 4⅛-in. ultra slim hole drilling. This review includes the technical and geological challenges encountered including directional control, vibrations, depleted reservoirs, and others. Current developments to address the issues and their effectiveness are also discussed. Finally, since the journey to the perfect 4⅛-in. ultra slim hole is still ongoing, the paper concludes with further areas of improvement for the future, focusing mainly on drilling systems.
The Nearctic species ofTelmaturgus(Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Authors: Runyon Justin B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe sympycnine genusTelmaturgusMik is reviewed for the Nearctic region, and includes three species:Telmaturgus parvus(Van Duzee),Telmaturgus robinsonisp. nov., andTelmaturgus vockerothisp. nov.Species ofTelmaturguscan be recognized by the reduced number of dorsocentral setae (three pairs in Nearctic species) and the projecting lower face of females. Examination of the holotype ofT. parvusreveals that the widespread species previously thought to beT. parvusisT. robinsoni. A key to species and comments on the taxonomic history and ecology of the genus are provided.
Usability Test Results for a Discovery Tool in an Academic Library
Authors: Fagan Jody Condit , Mandernach Meris A. , Nelson Carl S. , Paulo Jonathan R. , Saunders Grover 
Published: March 2012

Discovery tools are emerging in libraries. These tools offer library patrons the ability to concurrently search the library catalog and journal articles. While vendors rush to provide feature-rich interfaces and access to as much content as possible, librarians wonder about the usefulness of these tools to library patrons. In order to learn about both the utility and usability of EBSCO Discovery Service, James Madison University conducted a usability test with eight students and two faculty members. The test consisted of nine tasks focused on common patron requests or related to the utility of specific discovery tool features. Software recorded participants’ actions and time on task, human observers judged the success of each task, and a post-survey questionnaire gathered qualitative feedback and comments from the participants. Overall, participants were successful at most tasks, but specific usability problems suggested some interface changes for both EBSCO Discovery Service and JMU’s customizations of the tool. The study also raised several questions for libraries above and beyond any specific discovery tool interface, including the scope and purpose of a discovery tool versus other library systems, working with the large result sets made possible by discovery tools, and navigation between the tool and other library services and resources. This article will be of interest to those who are investigating discovery tools, selecting products, integrating discovery tools into a library web presence, or performing evaluations of similar systems.
Decision tool to improve the quality of care in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fraenkel Liana , Peters Ellen , Charpentier Peter , Olsen Blair , Errante Lanette , Schoen Robert T. , Reyna Valerie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveDespite the importance of achieving tight control, many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are not effectively treated with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. The objective of this study was to develop a decision support tool to inform RA patients with ongoing active disease about the risks and benefits related to biologic therapy.MethodsWe developed a balanced, web‐based, decision support tool. Options, values, and probabilistic information were described using theoretically supported formulations. We conducted a pre‐/posttest study to assess preliminary evidence of the tool's efficacy in improving knowledge related to biologics, clarity of values, willingness to take a biologic, and informed choice.ResultsWe interviewed 104 subjects (mean age 62 years, 84% women, 87% white, and median duration of RA 8 years). Knowledge (coded on a 0–20 scale) and willingness to take a biologic (coded on a 0–10 scale) significantly increased after viewing the tool (mean differences 2.3 and 1.4, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both). Perceived knowledge and values clarity (coded on 0–100 scales) also significantly improved (mean differences 20.4 and 20.8, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both). The proportion of subjects making an informed value‐concordant choice increased substantially from 35% to 64%.ConclusionA tool designed to effectively communicate the risks and benefits associated with biologic therapy increased knowledge, patient willingness to escalate care, and the likelihood of making an informed choice. The results of this study support the need for a clinical trial to examine the impact of the tool in clinical practice.
Clinical and radiographic distribution of structural damage in erosive and nonerosive hand osteoarthritis
Authors: Addimanda Olga , Mancarella Luana , Dolzani Paolo , Punzi Leonardo , Fioravanti Antonella , Pignotti Elettra , Meliconi Riccardo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the clinical and radiographic joint phenotype in erosive hand osteoarthritis (EHOA) and non‐EHOA.MethodsA total of 446 patients with HOA (233 with EHOA and 213 with non‐EHOA) were evaluated. Demographic (sex and age at disease onset), clinical (body mass index and distribution of nodes), and radiographic features (Kellgren/Lawrence and Kallman's scores obtained from radiographs of both hands) from all patients were recorded.ResultsPatients with EHOA had a significantly earlier disease onset. Clinical and radiographic distribution of structural damage in the distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and first carpometacarpal joints was similar in EHOA and non‐EHOA. EHOA patients showed higher percentages of nodes and more severe radiographic scores; the more severe radiographic score of joints with nodes was due to both osteophytes and joint space narrowing (JSN). A direct correlation between osteophytes and JSN scores was observed. Central erosions (CE) were more prevalent in the DIP joints than in the PIP joints. Gull‐wing pattern of CE was prevalent in the DIP joints, whereas saw‐tooth pattern was prevalent in the PIP joints. Marginal erosions (ME) were present in 100% of EHOA patients and in 80% of non‐EHOA patients. An ordinal correlation between the presence of ME and osteophyte score was found.ConclusionWe found quantitative, but not topographic, differences in structural damage between EHOA and non‐EHOA. Heberden's nodes, severe radiologic scores, and CE were concentrated in the second, third, and fifth DIP joints of both hands. ME were also present in the majority of non‐EHOA patients.
Disease activity and disability in women and men with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA): An 8‐year followup of a Swedish early RA project
Authors: Hallert Eva , Björk Mathilda , Dahlström Örjan , Skogh Thomas , Thyberg Ingrid 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare women and men regarding the course of disease activity and disability over 8 years from diagnosis of recent‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA total of 149 patients were followed in the Swedish TIRA study (Early Intervention in RA) for 8 years from RA diagnosis (1996–1998) regarding 28‐joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28), pain (visual analog scale), grip force, Grip Ability Test (GAT), Signals of Functional Impairment (SOFI; hand, upper/lower extremity), walking speed, activity limitation (Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ]), and prescribed disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).ResultsDisease activity pattern over time was similar in women and men, showing improvement during the first year and a stable situation during 6 years thereafter. However, at the 7‐ and 8‐year followup times, deterioration was seen with a less favorable course in women. HAQ score did not differ between sexes at diagnosis, but at all followup times women had significantly higher scores than men. Women also had lower grip force and lower walking speed, but higher upper extremity mobility. DMARD prescription was similar for both sexes. Over 8 years, disease duration, sex, biologic agents, grip force, SOFI hand, and pain intensity together explained 43% of the variation in DAS28, whereas grip force, SOFI lower extremity, GAT, and pain intensity could together explain 55% of variations in HAQ score.ConclusionDisease activity was fairly well managed, but disability gradually worsened. Despite similar medication, women had more disability than men. The discrepancy between disease activity and disability indicates unmet needs for multiprofessional interventions to prevent progressing disability, and patients at risk for disability need to be identified early in the process.
Chemically Homogeneous Complex Oxide Thin Films Via Improved Substrate Metallization
Authors: Shelton Christopher T. , Kotula Paul G. , Brennecka Geoff L. , Lam Peter G. , Meyer Kelsey E. , Maria Jon‐Paul , Gibbons Brady J. , Ihlefeld Jon F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA long‐standing challenge to the widespread application of complex oxide thin films is the stable and robust integration of noble metal electrodes, such as platinum, which remains the optimal choice for numerous applications. By considering both work of adhesion and stability against chemical diffusion, it is demonstrated that the use of an improved adhesion layer (namely, ZnO) between the silicon substrate and platinum bottom electrode enables dramatic improvements in the properties of the overlying functional oxide films. Using BaTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films as test cases, it is shown that the use of ZnO as the adhesion layer leads directly to increased process temperature capabilities and dramatic improvements in chemical homogeneity of the films. These result in significant property enhancements (e.g., 300% improvement to bulk‐like permittivity for the BaTiO3 films) of oxide films prepared on Pt/ZnO as compared to the conventional Pt/Ti and Pt/TiOx stacks. A comparison of electrical, structural, and chemical properties that demonstrate the impact of adhesion layer chemistry on the chemical homogeneity of the overlying complex oxide is presented. Collectively, this analysis shows that in addition to the simple need for adhesion, metal‐oxide layers between noble metals and silicon can have tremendous chemical impact on the terminal complex oxide layers.
Plasmonic Graphene Transparent Conductors
Authors: Xu Guowei , Liu Jianwei , Wang Qian , Hui Rongqing , Chen Zhijun , Maroni Victor A. , Wu Judy 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPlasmonic graphene is fabricated using thermally assisted self‐assembly of silver nanoparticles on graphene. The localized surface‐plasmonic effect is demonstrated with the resonance frequency shifting from 446 to 495 nm when the lateral dimension of the Ag nanoparticles increases from about 50 to 150 nm. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations are employed to confirm the experimentally observed light‐scattering enhancement in the solar spectrum in plasmonic graphene and the decrease of both the plasmonic resonance frequency and amplitude with increasing graphene thickness. In addition, plasmonic graphene shows much‐improved electrical conductance by a factor of 2–4 as compared to the original graphene, making the plasmonic graphene a promising advanced transparent conductor with enhanced light scattering for thin‐film optoelectronic devices.
The study of copper adsorption from aqueous solution using crosslinked chitosan immobilized on bentonite
Authors: Grisdanurak Nurak , Akewaranugulsiri Siripor , Futalan Cybelle Morales , Tsai Wan‐Chi , Kan Chi‐Chuan , Hsu Che‐Wei , Wan Meng‐Wei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBatch experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution using noncrosslinked and crosslinked chitosan immobilized on bentonite (CIB). Crosslinking agents such as epichlorohydrin (ECH), glutaraldehyde (GLA), and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EDGE) were utilized to improve the chemical and mechanical properties of the adsorbent. The effect of contact time, pH, and initial concentration on the adsorption capacity was determined. The adsorption capacities of the adsorbents are arranged in the following order: CIB‐EDGE > CIB‐ECH > CIB >> CIB‐GLA. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used to analyze the isotherm data. Equilibrium studies showed that CIB, CIB‐EDGE, and CIB‐ECH correlated well with the Langmuir model while CIB‐GLA fits well with the Freundlich model. Kinetics of Cu(II) adsorption was best described by the pseudosecond‐order equation, which indicates that chemisorption is the rate‐limiting step. In the desorption study, more than 92 and 75% of Cu(II) could be recovered from CIB‐EDGE and CIB‐ECH beads using HCl solution (pH 1) agitated for 120 min. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A functional variant in FCRL3 is associated with higher Fc receptor–like 3 expression on T cell subsets and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity
Authors: Bajpai Urmila D. , Swainson Louise A. , Mold Jeff E. , Graf Jonathan D. , Imboden John B. , McCune Joseph M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveCD4+FoxP3+ Treg cells suppress effector T cells and prevent autoimmune disease. Treg cell function is deficient in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a loss which may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. We previously showed that a single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the FCRL3 gene led to higher expression of Fc receptor–like 3 (FcRL3) on Treg cells and that FcRL3+ Treg cells are functionally deficient in comparison to FcRL3− Treg cells. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of FcRL3 in RA.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed to evaluate the FCRL3 −169 genotype and FcRL3 expression on T cell subsets, including Treg cells, in peripheral blood samples from 51 patients with RA enrolled in the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) RA Cohort. Clinical data were obtained from the UCSF RA Cohort database.ResultsPatients with the FCRL3 −169C allele (genotype C/C or C/T) expressed higher levels of FcRL3 on Treg cells, and on CD8+ and γ/δ T cells, in comparison to RA patients with the T/T genotype. Higher FcRL3 expression on these T cell subpopulations correlated with RA disease activity in patients harboring the FCRL3 −169C allele. Furthermore, FcRL3 expression on Treg cells was higher in patients with erosive RA, and the FCRL3 −169C allele was overrepresented in patients with erosive RA.ConclusionOur findings indicate that FcRL3 expression, which is strongly associated with the presence of the FCRL3 −169C allele, may serve as a biomarker for RA disease activity.
Class II major histocompatibility complex–associated response to type XI collagen regulates the development of chronic arthritis in rats
Authors: Tuncel Jonatan , Haag Sabrina , Carlsén Stefan , Yau Anthony C. Y. , Lu Shemin , Burkhardt Harald , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveChronic inflammation of the peripheral joints is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The autoantibody response in RA has been shown to be directed mainly to ubiquitous antigens, whereas the response to cartilage proteins has been less extensively investigated. This study was undertaken to characterize the immune response in pristane‐induced arthritis (PIA) in the rat to the cartilage‐specific proteins type II collagen (CII) and type XI collagen (CXI) and to genetically fine‐map their underlying major histocompatibility complex (MHC) associations.MethodsThe genetic control of CII and CXI immunity was mapped using intra‐MHC–recombinant inbred strains immunized with the respective collagens. Reactivity with CII and CXI was tested in acute and chronic PIA and in 356 HLA‐typed patients with recently diagnosed RA.ResultsMapping of arthritis susceptibility within the MHC region revealed a 144–223–kb locus containing <12 genes, including paralogs for HLA–DQ and HLA–DR. Susceptibility to CII and CXI was linked to haplotypes RT1av1 (DA) and RT1f (DA.1F), respectively. After injection of pristane, rats of both strains developed weak T cell and IgG responses to CII, but not to CXI. In chronic arthritis, however, collagen reactivity was stronger, specific for CXI, and restricted to rats with RT1f MHC. Among RA patients, 12% exhibited a specific IgG response to CXI, 6% to CII, and 6% to both collagens.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate a shift in cartilage recognition in early and chronic arthritis in the rat, suggesting that CXI autoreactivity contributes to the perpetuation of chronic disease. The results provide evidence of the importance of joint antigens in arthritis development.
Interruption of glycosphingolipid synthesis enhances osteoarthritis development in mice
Authors: Seito Naoki , Yamashita Tadashi , Tsukuda Yukinori , Matsui Yuichiro , Urita Atsushi , Onodera Tomohiro , Mizutani Takeomi , Haga Hisashi , Fujitani Naoki , Shinohara Yasuro , Minami Akio , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveGlycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous membrane components that modulate transmembrane signaling and mediate cell‐to‐cell and cell‐to‐matrix interactions. GSL expression is decreased in the articular cartilage of humans with osteoarthritis (OA). This study was undertaken to determine the functional role of GSLs in cartilage metabolism related to OA pathogenesis in mice.MethodsWe generated mice with knockout of the chondrocyte‐specificUgcggene, which encodes an initial enzyme of major GSL synthesis, using the Cre/loxP system (Col2‐Ugcg−/−mice). In vivo OA and in vitro cartilage degradation models were used to evaluate the effect of GSLs on the cartilage degradation process.ResultsAlthough Col2‐Ugcg−/−mice developed and grew normally, OA changes in these mice were dramatically enhanced with aging, through the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 and chondrocyte apoptosis, compared to their wild‐type (WT) littermates. Col2‐Ugcg−/−mice showed more severe instability‐induced pathologic OA in vivo and interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α)–induced cartilage degradation in vitro. IL‐1α stimulation of chondrocytes from WT mice significantly increasedUgcgmessenger RNA expression and up‐regulated GSL metabolism.ConclusionOur results indicate that GSL deficiency in mouse chondrocytes enhances the development of OA. However, this deficiency does not affect the development and organization of cartilage tissue in mice at a young age. These findings indicate that GSLs maintain cartilage molecular metabolism and prevent disease progression, although GSLs are not essential for chondrogenesis of progenitor and stem cells and cartilage development in young mice. GSL metabolism in the cartilage is a potential target for developing a novel treatment for OA.
A macro model for traffic flow on road networks with varying road conditions
Authors: Tang Tie‐Qiao , Caccetta Lou , Wu Yong‐Hong , Huang Hai‐Jun , Yang Xiao‐Bao 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we develop a macro traffic flow model with consideration of varying road conditions. Our analytical and numerical results illustrate that good road condition can enhance the speed and flow of uniform traffic flow whereas bad road condition will reduce the speed and flow. The numerical results also show that good road condition can smooth shock wave and improve the stability of traffic flow whereas bad road condition will lead to steeper shock wave and reduce the stability of traffic flow. Our results are also qualitatively accordant with empirical results, which implies that the proposed model can qualitatively describe the effects of road conditions on traffic flow. These results can guide traffic engineers to improve the road quality in traffic engineering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing methanogens and homoacetogens to promote reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene with direct delivery of H2 in a membrane biofilm reactor
Authors: Ziv‐El Michal , Popat Sudeep C. , Cai Katherine , Halden Rolf U. , Krajmalnik‐Brown Rosa , Rittmann Bruce E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA study with H2‐based membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs) was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of direct H2 delivery in ex‐situ reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes. Trichloroethene (TCE) could be reductively dechlorinated to ethene with up to 95% efficiency as long as the pH‐increase effects of methanogens and homoacetogens were managed and dechlorinators were selected for during start‐up by creating H2 limitation. Based on quantitative PCR, the dominant bacterial groups in the biofilm at the end of reactor operation were Dehalococcoides, Geobacter, and homoacetogens. Pyrosequencing confirmed the dominance of the dechlorinators and identified Acetobacterium as the key homoacetogen. Homoacetogens outcompeted methanogens for bicarbonate, based on the effluent concentration of acetate, by suppressing methanogens during batch start‐up. This was corroborated by the methanogenesis functional gene mcrA, which was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the FTHFS functional gene for homoacetogens. Imaging of the MBfR fibers using scanning electron microscopy showed a distinct Dehalococcoides‐like morphology in the fiber biofilm. These results support that direct addition of H2 can allow for efficient and complete reductive dechlorination, and they shed light into how H2‐fed biofilms, when operated to manage methanogenic and homoacetogenic activity, can be used for ex‐situ bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 2200–2210. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.