bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echinochloa Colonum Resistance to Bispyribac-Soduim in Egypt - Occurrence and Identification
Authors: El-Nady Mohamed , Hamza Amany , Derbalah Aly 
Published: January 2012

Echinochloa ColonumResistance to Bispyribac-Soduim in Egypt - Occurrence and IdentificationIdentification and mechanism ofEchinochloa colonum(L.) resistance to bispyribac-soduim via physiological and anatomical differences between susceptible and resistant biotypes was investigated. The physiological and anatomical differences that were take into account were growth reduction, chlorophyll content reduction, protein analysis, lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter in both susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. colonum.The results showed the growth reduction fifty (GR50) of resistant biotype was 10.2 times higher than that of the susceptible biotypeE. colonumtreated with bispyribac-soduim. The chlorophyll content was highly reduced in the susceptible biotype relative to the resistant one ofE. colonumtreated with bispyribac-soduim. An anatomical test showed significant differences in the cytology of susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. colonumtreated with bispyribac-soduim with respect to lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter. Furthermore, leaf protein analysis showed significant differences between the susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. colonumin the number and the density of protein bands. The resistance ofE. colonumto bispyribac-soduim may be due to the faster metabolism of bispyribac-soduim below the physiologically active concentration or the insensitivity of its target enzyme, (acetolactate synthase). These results implied the occurrence ofE. colonumresistance to bispyribac-soduim in Egypt and provide conclusive evidence that a single resistance mechanism alone cannot explain insensitivity inE. colonumto bispyribac-soduim.
Temporal variability of the selected flood parameters in the Biebrza River valley
Authors: Ignar Stefan , Maksymiuk-Dziuban Anna , Mirosław-Świątek Dorota , Chormański Jarosław , Okruszko Tomasz , Wysocki Paweł 
Published: January 2012

Temporal variability of the selected flood parameters in the Biebrza River valley
The paper presents the application of the hydrodynamic one-dimensional model of river flow based on St Venant equations for calculation of annual floods characteristics in the Lower Biebrza River Basin situated in the Northeast of Poland. This model was combined with the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for determining of area of flooding, its mean depth and flood volume. The model was calibrated using measurements of flood extent and verified comparing calculated flood extent to satellite images. The water level values calculated with the numerical model of flood-flow for cross-sections were next used to determine the digital model of the floodwater table in the valley. Then, inundation extent maps and water depth maps were calculated for whole area of the valley by overlaying the DEM and water table layers. This procedure, flood simulations with the hydrodynamic model and GIS analysis for determinations of inundation extent, was repeated for each day of the analyzed period of 1966-2000. A set of each year maximum calculated areas of flooding with related mean water depths and flood volumes was created and it was submitted to the trend analysis in order to determine possible change tendencies. Statistical analysis of three above described time series of annual flood characteristics was conducted with the use of moving average technique and linear regression method. Moving averages were calculate in two variants: with time step of 5 years and of 10 years. Next, linear trends were calculated by linear regression method. The results indicate that the developed hydrodynamic model of river flow combined with the DEM was useful for the calculation of annual maximum floods in the Lower Biebrza Valley and their parameters. Analysis of calculated flood parameters variability within the analyzed time period of 1961-2000 show decreasing trends for investigated area. This means that results of climate changes are perceptible in investigated area and they form serious danger to riparian wetlands.
BOD measuring and modelling methods - review
Authors: Siwiec Tadeusz , Kiedryńska Lidia , Abramowicz Klaudia , Rewicka Aleksandra , Nowak Piotr 
Published: January 2012

BOD measuring and modelling methods - reviewThe article presents the method of measuring BOD in wastewater and characteristic different models which can by used for describing changes of BOD in next days. In the paper described eight models: Moore et al. (1950), Thomas (1950), Navone (1960), Fujimoto (1964), Hewitt et al. (1979), Adrian and Sanders (1992-1993) as well as Young and Clark (1965) used by Adrian and Sanders (1998), Borsuk and Stow (2000) and Manson et al. (2006). Comparison the models suggests that changing of BOD during the time are better describes by models second order or double exponential model (Manson et al. 2006) than models the first order.
Wear Resistance of Aluminized Steel Plates
Authors: Żaba K. 
Published: January 2012

Wear Resistance of Aluminized Steel Plates
The results of the abrasion resistance measurements of aluminized steel strips are presented in the hereby paper. Steel strips of DX52D+AS120 grade, before and after a heat treatment at temperatures of 200-1000°C for 1 - 5760 minutes, were tested. Tests of the abrasion resistance were carried on in a specially built device: rotating disk - sample performing a plane-rotary motion, with an application of a lubricating medium. Examinations of the abrasion resistance were also performed by means of the block-on-ring tester. Estimations of a coating mass loss, roughness and thickness changes were carried on. The obtained results are illustrated by diagrams and macro- and micro-observations. Phase analysis investigations were also performed on samples selected after the abrasibility testing. The range of the heat treatment parameters - after which the Al-Si coating increased its abrasion resistance - was estimated.
Composite Layers with Ceramic Matrix Modified with Glassy Carbon Destined for Oil-Less Sliding Pairings
Authors: Posmyk A. , Wistuba H. 
Published: January 2012

Composite Layers with Ceramic Matrix Modified with Glassy Carbon Destined for Oil-Less Sliding Pairings
The paper presents basic knowledge about producing and some results of tribological and metallographical research on composite layers with porous, anodic hard coating matrix which were modified with glassy carbon nanotubes. These composite layers were formed as surface layers of machine parts operating under conditions of sparse lubrication (limited lubrication) and friction in air. The layers were tested at sliding mating with EN-GJL-350 cast iron used for piston rings in combustion engines and air compressors. On the basis of the metallographical tests was the structure of the composite layer described. It was fount that on the surface of the oxide is a glassy carbon layer and in the pores of oxide are regullary carbon nanotubes. On the basis of the obtained results of tribological tests it was found that glassy carbon layer on the oxide surface shorts the wering-in time, and the glassy carbon nanotubes formed inside the pores of anodic hard coating upon EN-AW-6061 aluminum alloy prove to be effective solid lubricants and complement lubrication function of the graphite in cast iron. Consequently the coefficient of friction was lower than in case of nanotubes-free oxide layers.
Effect of the Gmaw and the Gmaw-P Welding Processes on Microstructure, Hardness, Tensile and Impact Strength of Aisi 1030 Steel Joints Fabricated by ASP316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Filler Metal
Authors: Kurşun T. 
Published: January 2012

Effect of the Gmaw and the Gmaw-P Welding Processes on Microstructure, Hardness, Tensile and Impact Strength of Aisi 1030 Steel Joints Fabricated by ASP316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Filler Metal
In this study, medium-carbon steel (AISI 1030) plates of 10 mm thickness, were welded by using the synergic controlled pulsed (GMAW-P) and manual gas metal arc (GMAW) welding techniques. Constant wire feed speed, voltage, welding speed and gas flow rates (3.2 m/min, 22.5 V, 4 mm/s, 16 1/min) and ASP316L austenitic stainless steel filler metal were used in these techniques. The interface appearances of the welded samples were examined by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-Ray diffraction (X-RD). In order to determine mechanical properties of samples, the tensile, impact and microhardness tests were conducted. The GMAW-P joints of AISI 1030 steel couples showed superior tensile strength, less grain growth and narrower heat affected zone (HAZ) when compared with GMAW joints, and this was mainly due to lower heat input, fine fusion zone grain and higher fusion hardness.
Modeling of Oxide Precipitates Chemical Composition During Steel Deoxidization
Authors: Iwanciw J. , Podorska D. , Wypartowicz J. 
Published: January 2012

Modeling of Oxide Precipitates Chemical Composition During Steel Deoxidization
The work analyses the possibilities of modeling the process of steel deoxidization from the view-point of thermodynamic equilibrium between liquid steel and oxide precipitates. Two calculation procedures were employed, which make use of WYK_STAL authors' program and commercial software FactSage. Two kinds of steel were taken into account, one with considerable titanium addition and the second without titanium. The variation of chemical composition of non-metallic precipitates with titanium concentration, aluminum addition and temperature was determined. The apparent influence of assumed thermodynamic model on the composition of non-metallic precipitate was stated.
Application of Mechanical Activation in Synthesizing Multiferroic Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 Powders
Authors: Bochenek D. , Dercz G. , Oleszak D. 
Published: January 2012

Application of Mechanical Activation in Synthesizing Multiferroic Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 Powders
In the study, the method of high-energy powder milling - mechanical activation (MA) was used for synthesizing Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 (PFN) powders. For the purpose of comparing the influence of high-energy milling on PFN synthesis, two groups of powder samples were used. The first mixture consisting of simple oxide powders; the second one consisting of compound oxide powders. The obtained powders were subjected to structural analysis with the use of XRD and Mőssbauer spectroscopy. Tests revealed that during the process of high-energy milling of initial constituents a partial synthesis of PFN material phases occurs. By comparing the two methods of PFN synthesizing it may be stated that mechanical activation in the case of a simple oxide mixture (PFN1) is equally effective as for a compound oxide mixture (PFN2).
Anomaly of the Work Hardening of Zn-Cu Single Crystals Oriented for Slip in Secondary Systems
Authors: Pieła K. 
Published: January 2012

Anomaly of the Work Hardening of Zn-Cu Single Crystals Oriented for Slip in Secondary SystemsThe copper alloyed (up to 1.5%) zinc single crystals oriented for slip in non-basal systems (orientation close to < 1120 >) were subjected to compression test within a range of temperatures of 77-293K. It has been stated, that Zn-Cu crystals exhibit characteristic anomalies of the thermal dependence of yield stress and of the strain hardening exponent. Both of them are related to the change in type and sequence of active non-basal slip systems: pyramidal of the 1storder {1011} < 1123 > (Py-1) and pyramidal of the 2ndorder {1122} < 1123 > (Py-2). The temperature anomaly of the yield stress results from the change of the slip from Py-2 systems to simultaneous slip in the Py-2 and Py-1 (Py-2 + Py-1) systems, occurring in the preyielding stage. On the other hand, sequential activation of pyramidal systems taking place in advanced plastic stage (i.e. the first Py-2 and next Py-2 + Py-1 systems) is responsible for temperature anomaly of strain hardening exponent. Increase in copper addition favors the activity of Py-2 systems at the expense of Py-1 slip, what leads to a drastic differences in plastic behavior of zinc single crystals.
Surface Properties of Nanoceramic Powders
Authors: Danelska A. , Szafran M. 
Published: January 2012

Surface Properties of Nanoceramic PowdersThe paper focuses on selected fragment of nanopowders surface studies made by author. The studies presented consist of viscosity measurements of ceramic slurries and ionic conductivity and pH determination of supernatants obtained by using of nanozirconia suspensions centrifugation. Three different nanozirconia powders were chosen to compare the influence of D-fructose on the viscosity of nano-ZrO2suspensions. Then the powders were centrifuged with water to leach soluble counter-ions. It was proved that the leaching has a SIGNIFICANT effect on the viscosity of nano-ZrO2suspension.
Fabrication, Structural and AC Impedance Studies of Layer-Structured Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics
Authors: Bernard H. , Lisińska-Czekaj A. , Dzik J. , Osińska K. , Czekaj D. 
Published: January 2012

Fabrication, Structural and AC Impedance Studies of Layer-Structured Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics
In the present research bismuth titanate Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) ceramics was synthesized by the standard solid-state reaction method from the mixture of oxides, followed by free sintering at temperature T=1000°C. BiT ceramics was studied in terms of its chemical composition (EDS), crystalline structure (X-ray), microstructure (SEM) and dielectric properties (ac technique of complex impedance spectroscopy) over a range of frequency (ƒ=100Hz to ƒ=1MHz) and temperature (T=200-500°C). Experimental results confirmed the phase formation. It was found that BiT ceramics crystallized in orthorhombic symmetry, best described with Fmmm space group and the following elementary cell parameters: a=5.409(6)°A, b=5.449(2)°A and c=32.816(2)°A. It was also found that BiT ceramics exhibited the plate-like microstructure and stoichiometric chemical composition. Impedance spectroscopy measurements showed contribution of three overlapping relaxation processes (three semicircles in the complex impedance diagrams were observed) ascribed to bulk, grain boundary and electrode/interface polarization phenomena. Impedance data were fitted to the corresponding equivalent circuit using the complex nonlinear least squares (CNLS) method. The ac conductivity for grains, grain boundaries and electrode processes was calculated from CNLS fit of the impedance data and thus the activation energy of ac conductivity (σAC) and relaxation (τ) was calculated for the three revealed components of the impedance spectra from the slopes of σAC and τ versus 1000/T plots (semi log scale) in the range of ΔT=200-500°C.
The Analysis of Laser Thermosplitting of Fragile Materials by Using of Special Geometry Beams
Authors: Shalupaev S. , Aleksiejuk M. , Nikitjuk Y. , Sereda A. 
Published: January 2012

The Analysis of Laser Thermosplitting of Fragile Materials by Using of Special Geometry Beams
In this paper the numerical modeling of allocation of thermoelastic fields which are formed during controllable laser thermosplitting in fragile nonmetallic materials is executed within the limits of theory of elasticity. Modeling is executed for laser beams with a cross-section in the form of an ellipse, a circle, and the semi-ring and theirs combination. The classical circuit of realization of the given method consists of the superficial heating of a material by a laser beam and the aftercooling of this zone by means of a refrigerating medium. Thus the crack which is organized in the zone of refrigerating medium supply follows a laser beam along a treatment line. On the basis of thermoelastic fields allocation shown, that application of the classical circuit of the given method realization with the use of elliptic beams possesses a number of the disadvantages, one of which is the quick deflection of a crack from a line of influence of a laser beam and refrigerating fluid at treatment close to collateral border of the sample. Thus the crack is progressed in a direction to collateral border of the sample. It is displayed, that application of special geometry beams allows to diminish degree of effects of a treatment line closeness to boundary line of the sample on crack development. The positive effect is attained by forming a compression stress zone not only ahead and under field of a refrigerating medium effects where the crack is initialized and explicated, but also on each side of zone of a refrigerating medium effects, that in one's turn does not allow a crack to be deflected aside.
Fabrication of Light Ceramic Aggregate by Authothermal Sintering of Power Plant Ashes in the Rotary Furnace
Authors: Sokołowski J. , Łuczaj K. , Urbańska P. 
Published: January 2012

Fabrication of Light Ceramic Aggregate by Authothermal Sintering of Power Plant Ashes in the Rotary Furnace
The inexpensive and reliable technology of the production of ceramic aggregate from coal ash, coal dust and mineral cement (clay, bentonite) optionally organic cement has been developed. The tecchnology is based on the method of sintering in high temperature. The conception of workings and the way of performance of the dryer of the humid aggregate and the rotary furnace in which the process will be carried on with no addition of the external fuel have been also developed. The implementation studies, partly granted by European Union, have been continued. The studies consisted ass follows: the laboratory research into the drying of coal ash granules, the compilation of technical parameters for the performance of a new shaft dryer by building semi-commercial model and defining parameters of working, the studyon the sintering in modernized semi-commercial rotary furnace. Currently process desing for final technical installation are being developed.
The Dispersion of Strong Field Dielectric Permittivity in (1-x)PMN-(x)PT Ceramics
Authors: Wawrzała P. , Skulski R. 
Published: January 2012

The Dispersion of Strong Field Dielectric Permittivity in (1-x)PMN-(x)PT CeramicsWe propose the method of analysis of the dielectric permittivity measured in very strong electric fields. The method is based on the numeric calculations of derivative fromP - Ehysteresis loop. Such investigations have been performed for PMN-PT ceramics at various temperatures and frequencies. As a result we analyze the low frequency dispersion of the strong field dielectric permittivity.
Characterizations and Evaluations on the Bonding Quality of Molybdenum Disilicides
Authors: Lu L. , Qin W. 
Published: January 2012

Characterizations and Evaluations on the Bonding Quality of Molybdenum DisilicidesIn this study, we proposed a new method using the spark plasma sintering technique to bond ceramics to alloys. MoSi2and 316L stainless steel were chosen as sample materials and can be welded well with graded interlayers. We found that dense uniformed bondings were achieved because of the comparable coefficient of thermal expansion of the interlayers. Furthermore, such a compatibility between the graded interlayers prevented MoSi2with low toughness from the occurrence of microcracks resulted from the residual stresses formed during cooling of the bondings.
New Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodomorpha) from Eocene Baltic amber
Authors: Drohojowska Jowita , Szwedo Jacek 
Published: January 2012

New Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodomorpha) from Eocene Baltic amberA new genus and species of whitefly from Eocene Baltic amber is described.Paernis gregoriusgen. et sp. n. is placed in the subfamily Aleurodicinae. Other findings of Aleyrodidae including‘Aleyrodes’ aculeatusMenge, 1856 from Baltic amber are discussed.
Review of true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from the amber collection of the Museum of the Earth of PAS in Warsaw with some remarks on heteropteran insects from Eocene European amber
Authors: Popov Yuri , Kosmowska-Ceranowicz Barbara , Herczek Aleksander , Kupryjanowicz Janusz 
Published: January 2012

Review of true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from the amber collection of the Museum of the Earth of PAS in Warsaw with some remarks on heteropteran insects from Eocene European amber
From all the information available on Heteroptera in the Palaeogene (European Eocene) amber found in the amber deposits of the Baltic and the Ukrainian (Rovno amber) regions, Central France (Oise), and also the Leipzig area (Saxonian amber), we can conclude that many representatives of true bugs (mainly Miridae, Microphysidae, Anthocoridae and Aradidae) known to us were associated mainly with coniferous vegetation (Early Tertiary European amber forests) and, consequently, were in constant contact with resin. The main findings regarding the taxonomy, number of species, a brief biology, palaeogeography and palaeontology, as well as a review of current literature sources, are given for every family contained in the amber collection of the Museum of the Earth of PAS in Warsaw. A summary table is also included. So far, over 160 genera and more than 240 species belonging to 41 families from all known ambers have been described. About 160 species and 100 genera from 25 modern heteropteran families, described from succinite - Baltic and Ukrainian (Rovno, Klesov) ambers - belong mostly to Miridae, Anthocoridae, Cimicoidea (Electrocoris), Microphysidae, Nabidae, Tingidae and Reduviidae. 12 families (120 inclusions) are represented in the collection of the Museum of the Earth: Saldidae (1), Ceratocombidae (1), Anthocoridae (9), Microphysidae (4), Miridae (73), Reduviidae (2), Nabidae (5), Thaumastocoridae (1), Tingidae (4), Aradidae (2), Piesmatidae (1), Lygaeidae (2), Cimicoidea (7) and Heteroptera incertae sedis (9). About 70% of fossils belong to the plant bugs (Miridae): 26.5% of these are represented by the Isometopinae and 43% by the Cylapinae subfamilies.
The oldest representatives of the subfamilies Meligethinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Brontinae (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) from Baltic amber and some evolutionary notes
Authors: Kirejtshuk Alexandr 
Published: January 2012

The oldest representatives of the subfamilies Meligethinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Brontinae (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) from Baltic amber and some evolutionary notes
The paper describes Melipriopsis rasnitsyni gen. et sp. n. (Nitidulidae, Meligethinae) and Dendrobrontes popovi gen. et sp. n. (Silvanidae, Brontinae) from Baltic amber. The systematic position and phylogenetic significance of the new genera and species are discussed. A review of the fossils of the families Nitidulidae and Silvanidae is given. The genus Sinisilvana HONG, 2002, for which the family Sinisilvanidae HONG, 2002 was proposed, is considered as a genus with an unclear position within Silvanidae.
Revision of the genus Palaeopoecilostola Meunier, 1899 (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Baltic amber (Upper Eocene)
Authors: Kania Iwona , Krzemiński Wiesław , Gil Anna 
Published: January 2012

Revision of the genus Palaeopoecilostola Meunier, 1899 (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Baltic amber (Upper Eocene)
A revision of the genus Palaeopoecilostola Meunier, 1899 (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Baltic amber (Upper Eocene) is presented. Redescriptions of four species of this genus are given and documented with photographs and drawings. The taxonomic ranks of two subspecies - Palaeopoecilostola longicornis longicornis Meunier, 1906 and Palaeopoecilostola longicornis parallela Alexander, 1931 - are elevated to species: P. longicornis stat. n. and P. parallela stat. n. Anepsiomyia atterraneus Nazarov, 1994 is recognized as new junior synonym of Palaeopoecilostola speciosa Meunier, 1906.