bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive toxicity of BioThrax® in rabbits
Authors: Franco Cynthia , Lewis Elise , Morseth Sandra , Simon Louise , Waytes A. Thomas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: An increasing number of women are being vaccinated during child‐bearing years, including vaccination with BioThrax® (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed, or AVA). As only a limited number of studies exist in humans that have examined the effects of AVA on reproductive health, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the impact AVA vaccination may have on pregnant female rabbits and their offspring. METHODS: Two hundred female rabbits were vaccinated with saline, adjuvant, or AVA twice prior to mating and on one of two occasions during gestation, in order to have exposure to the antigen during organogenesis. Blood samples were collected from does and fetuses/kits to assess the development and in utero transfer of antibodies to Bacillus anthracisprotective antigen (anti‐PA IgG). Half of the does underwent Caesarean‐sectioning on gestation day 29 and a gross necropsy was performed on both the does and their fetuses. The other half were allowed to naturally deliver and gross necropsy of the does and their kits was performed on lactation day 29. RESULTS: ELISA results showed that anti‐PA IgG was generated by the does and passed to the fetuses/kits at detectable levels. CONCLUSIONS: AVA directly, or indirectly through the production of anti‐PA IgG, did not appear to have an adverse effect on the pregnant females or their offspring, as measured by mating and fertility indices, natural delivery observations, clinical signs, gross lesions, in utero growth and survival, morphological development, or kit viability. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 86:370–376, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mathematical model of the rate‐limiting steps for retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells
Authors: Tayi Venkata S. , Bowen Bruce D. , Piret James M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA quantitative understanding of the process of retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells should assist the design and optimization of transduction protocols. We present a mathematical model of the process that incorporates the essential rate‐limiting transduction steps including diffusion, convection and decay of viral vectors, their binding at the cell surface and entry into the cell cytoplasm, reverse transcription of uncoated RNA to form DNA intermediates, transport of the latter through the cytosol to the cell nucleus and, finally, nuclear import and integration of the delivered DNA into the target cell genome. Cell and virus population balances are used to account for the kinetics of multiple vector infections which influence the transduction efficiency and govern the integrated copy number. The mathematical model is validated using gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope pseudotyped retroviral vectors and K562 target cells. Viral intermediate complexes derived from the internalized retroviral vectors are found to remain stable inside the K562 cells and the cytoplasmic trafficking time is consistent with the time scale for retrovirus uncoating, reverse transcription and transport to the cell nucleus. The model predictions of transduction efficiency and integrated copy number agree well with experimental data for both static (i.e., standard gravity) and centrifugation‐based gene transfer protocols. The formulation of the model can also be applied to transduction protocols involving lenti‐ or foamy‐viruses and so should prove to be useful for the optimization of several types of gene transfer processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 195–209. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell‐free production of transducible transcription factors for nuclear reprogramming
Authors: Yang William C. , Patel Kedar G. , Lee Jieun , Ghebremariam Yohannes T. , Wong H. Edward , Cooke John P. , Swartz James R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEctopic expression of a defined set of transcription factors chosen from Oct3/4, Sox2, c‐Myc, Klf4, Nanog, and Lin28 can directly reprogram somatic cells to pluripotency. These reprogrammed cells are referred to as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). To date, iPSCs have been successfully generated using lentiviruses, retroviruses, adenoviruses, plasmids, transposons, and recombinant proteins. Nucleic acid‐based approaches raise concerns about genomic instability. In contrast, a protein‐based approach for iPSC generation can avoid DNA integration concerns as well as provide greater control over the concentration, timing, and sequence of transcription factor stimulation. Researchers recently demonstrated that polyarginine peptide conjugation can deliver recombinant protein reprogramming factor (RF) cargoes into cells and reprogram somatic cells into iPSCs. However, the protein‐based approach requires a significant amount of protein for the reprogramming process. Producing fusion RFs in the large amounts required for this approach using traditional heterologous in vivo production methods is difficult and cumbersome since toxicity, product aggregation, and proteolysis by endogenous proteases limit yields. In this work, we show that cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) is a viable option for producing soluble and functional transducible transcription factors for nuclear reprogramming. We used an E. coli‐based CFPS system to express the above set of six human RFs as fusion proteins, each with a nona‐arginine (R9) protein transduction domain. Using the flexibility offered by the CFPS platform, we successfully addressed proteolysis and protein solubility problems to produce full‐length and soluble R9‐RF fusions. We subsequently showed that R9‐Oct3/4, R9‐Sox2, and R9‐Nanog exhibit cognate DNA‐binding activities, R9‐Nanog translocates across the plasma and nuclear membranes, and R9‐Sox2 exerts transcriptional activity on a known downstream gene target. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 1047–1058. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells cultured on a synthetic substrate in conditioned medium
Authors: Mahlstedt Magdalena M. , Anderson David , Sharp James S. , McGilvray Roger , Barbadillo Muñoz Maria D. , Buttery Lee D. , Alexander Morgan R. , Rose Felicity R.A.J. , Denning Chris 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRealizing the potential clinical and industrial applications of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is limited by the need for costly, labile, or undefined growth substrates. Here we demonstrate that trypsin passaging of the hESC lines, HUES7 and NOTT1, on oxygen plasma etched tissue culture polystyrene (PE‐TCPS) in conditioned medium is compatible with pluripotency. This synthetic culture surface is stable at room temperature for at least a year and is readily prepared by placing polystyrene substrates in a radio frequency oxygen plasma generator for 5 min. Modification of the polystyrene surface chemistry by plasma etching was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), which identified elemental and molecular changes as a result of the treatment. Pluripotency of hESCs cultured on PE‐TCPS was gauged by consistent proliferation during serial passage, expression of stem cell markers (OCT4, TRA1‐60, and SSEA‐4), stable karyotype and multi‐germlayer differentiation in vitro, including to pharmacologically responsive cardiomyocytes. Generation of cost‐effective, easy‐to‐handle synthetic, defined, stable surfaces for hESC culture will expedite stem cell use in biomedical applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 130–140. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cutaneous perforators of the peroneal artery: Cadaveric study with implications in the design of the osteocutaneous free fibular flap
Authors: Papadimas Dimitrios , Paraskeuopoulos Tilemachos , Anagnostopoulou Sophia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBilateral dissection of 15 formalin embalmed cadaver legs was performed in order to study the anatomic pattern of the peroneal artery (PA) and its cutaneous perforating vessels (CB). The total number of CB from the PA was 125 or an average of 4.17 branches per leg. CB were distributed in the superoinferior axis between 18.25 and 84.25% of the length of the fibula and their average length was 5 ± 1.8 cm. 86/125 (68.8%) of the CB were classified as myocutaneous branches (MC) that penetrated muscle before reaching the skin, whereas 39/125 (31.2%) were septocutaneous branches (SC) that passed through the intermuscular septum. The mean distance between the posterior border of the fibula and the site where the perforators emerged was 1.88 ± 0.79 cm for the SC and 1.21 ± 0.87 cm for the MC. These anatomic findings should encourage the surgeon to design the skin paddle in the boundary between the middle and the distal third of the fibular length about 2 cm behind the posterior fibular border on the posterolateral leg, where the number of CB is maximal. Clin. Anat. 22:826–833, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of insulin replacement on cardiac apoptotic and survival pathways in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Kuo Wei‐Wen , Chung Li‐Ching , Liu Cheng‐Tzu , Wu Shih‐Ping , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Lu Min‐Chi , Huang Chih‐Yang , Lee Shin‐Da 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIncreased myocyte apoptosis in diabetic hearts has been previously reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of insulin on cardiac apoptotic, hypertrophic, and survival pathways in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Forty‐eight male Wistar rats at 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into control group (Control), STZ‐induced (65 mg/kg STZ i.v.) Type 1‐like diabetic rats (DM), and DM rats with 4 IU insulin replacement (DI) for 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The levels of protein involved in cardiac apoptotic, hypertrophic, and survival pathways were measured by Western blotting. Cardiac mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathways, such as Bad, cytosolic cytochrome c, activated caspase 9 and 3, and calcineurin‐nuclear factor activation transcription 3 (NFAT3) hypertrophic pathway in DM were increased compared to Control and attenuated in DI group after 8 weeks whereas those were not found after 4 weeks. Cardiac anti‐apoptotic Bcl2 and phosphorylated‐Bad were significantly decreased in DM group but not in DI group after 8 weeks. Insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor (IGFIR), phosphatidylinositol 3'‐kinase (PI3K), and the protein kinase B (Akt) were significantly decreased in DM relative to Control and DI after 8 weeks whereas those were not found after 4 weeks. Insulin replacement not only prevents activation of the cardiac mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathway and calcineurin‐related NFAT3 hypertrophic pathway in diabetes but it also enhances the cardiac insulin/IGFIR–PI3K–Akt survival pathway, all of which are attenuated with insulin therapeutic duration‐dependent manners. The findings may provide possible diabetes‐related apoptotic, hypertrophic, and survival pathways for potentially preventing cardiac abnormality in diabetes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biaryl and Aryl Ketone Synthesis via Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Carboxylate Salts with Aryl Triflates
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Linder Christophe , Rodríguez Nuria , Lange Paul P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA bimetallic catalyst system has been developed that for the first time allows the decarboxylative cross‐coupling of aryl and acyl carboxylates with aryl triflates. In contrast to aryl halides, these electrophiles give rise to non‐coordinating anions as byproducts, which do not interfere with the decarboxylation step that leads to the generation of the carbon nucleophilic cross‐coupling partner. As a result, the scope of carboxylate substrates usable in this transformation was extended from ortho‐substituted or otherwise activated derivatives to a broad range of ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐substituted aromatic carboxylates. Two alternative protocols have been optimized, one involving heating the substrates in the presence of CuI/1,10‐phenanthroline (10–15 mol %) and PdI2/phosphine (2–3 mol %) in NMP for 1–24 h, the other involving CuI/1,10‐phenanthroline (6–15 mol %) and PdBr2/Tol‐BINAP (2 mol %) in NMP using microwave heating for 5–10 min. While most products are accessible using standard heating, the use of microwave irradiation was found to be beneficial especially for the conversion of non‐activated carboxylates with functionalized aryl triflates. The synthetic utility of the transformation is demonstrated with 48 examples showing the scope and limitations of both protocols. In mechanistic studies, the special role of microwave irradiation is elucidated, and further perspectives of decarboxylative cross‐couplings are discussed.
Pressure beneath a Stokes wave
Authors: Constantin Adrian , Strauss Walter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe investigate the pressure within an irrotational fluid in a periodic, steady, two‐dimensional gravity wave above a flat bed. We prove that the pressure in the fluid strictly decreases horizontally away from the crest line. Furthermore, the pressure strictly increases with depth. We also investigate the effect of an underlying current on the paths of the particles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lowering the Erythropoietin Requirement for Dialysis Patients with Functional Iron Deficiency Using Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
Authors: Philipneri Marie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDHemodialysis patients with functional iron deficiency often require excess recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO). In a few small studies, ascorbic acid (AA) has been shown to reduce EPO requirements. The goal of this study was to determine the lowest effective and safe dose of AA for these patients.METHODSThis was an open‐labeled, prospective, single‐center study involving hemodialysis patients with serum ferritin >500 ng/mL and transferrin saturation <20%. Patients with C‐reactive protein (CRP) >2 mg/dL were excluded. The study comprised of 4 consecutive phases: intravenous AA 100 mg (phase I), 200 mg (phase II), 300 mg (phase III), and oral AA 250 mg (phase IV). Oxalate and AA levels were obtained before and after each treatment phase.RESULTSA total of 8 patients were enrolled and 6 patients completed the study. Positive impact of AA supplementation on lowering the EPO requirement was mainly seen with the 300 mg dosage and maintained on oral supplementation. Neither the oxalate nor AA levels increased significantly during the study. Overall the patients tolerated both forms of ascorbic acid well.CONCLUSIONThe role of AA in reducing the EPO requirement appears promising. Larger studies are needed to examine the safety and confirm the efficacy of AA in these patients.
Prospectively predicting dietary restraint: The role of interpersonal self‐efficacy, weight/shape self‐efficacy, and interpersonal stress
Authors: Cain A.S. , Bardone‐Cone A.M. , Abramson L.Y. , Vohs K.D. , Joiner T.E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated how the precursors of interpersonal self‐efficacy and weight/shape self‐efficacy would interact in the face of interpersonal stress to prospectively predict dietary restraint. Three models were explored, each with a different type of interpersonal stress: stress from same sex friendships, opposite sex friendships, or romantic relationships.MethodAt Time 1 (T1), participants (N = 406) reported on their typical levels of interpersonal self‐efficacy and weight/shape self‐efficacy, and recent (past 28 days) dietary restraint. At Time 2 (T2), 11 weeks after T1, participants reported on their recent (past 28 days) levels of dietary restraint at that time. Between T1 and T2, participants completed inventories weekly on the previous week's interpersonal stressors.ResultsConsistent with prediction, low interpersonal self‐efficacy and high weight/shape self‐efficacy combined with high interpersonal stress (whether from same sex friendships, opposite sex friendships, or romantic relationships) to predict the highest levels of T2 dietary restraint after controlling for T1 levels.DiscussionThese results further link the interpersonal domain with dietary restraint and elucidate characteristics of women particularly apt to increase dietary restraint in response to interpersonal stress. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:505–512
Service users' views of eating disorder services: An international comparison
Authors: Escobar‐Koch Tatiana , Banker Judith D. , Crow Scott , Cullis Jan , Ringwood Susan , Smith Gráinne , van Furth Eric , Westin Kitty , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a United States–United Kingdom cross‐national comparison of service users' perspectives on eating disorder (ED) treatments and services.MethodQualitative, exploratory study. One hundred forty‐four US and 150 UK ED service users completed a questionnaire developed by the Academy for Eating Disorders. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.ResultsBoth samples identified the following as essential aspects of care: good therapeutic relationship, holistic approach, individual psychotherapy/counseling, specialized treatment, client‐centered care, and support. In the US sample, the main concerns involved lack of financial accessibility to services and problems with insurance coverage. In the UK sample, lack of and inequity of availability of services were highlighted and three main barriers to accessing care were identified.DiscussionUS and UK service users' views suggest that neither country provides early intervention and comprehensive care for EDs at present, although due to dissimilar health care systems the barriers to care differ. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:549–559
The Preparation, Solution and Mesophase Behaviour of Surfactant Complexes of Cobalt(III)
Authors: Danks Mark J. , Light Mark E. , Bruce Duncan W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe synthesis, solution and mesophase behaviour are described of some surfactant complexes of cobalt(III) containing triethylenetetramine (trien) and long‐chain bipyridine ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthetic Potentials of Heptamethine Merocyanine Dyes Containing an Active Chlorine Atom: Reactivity towards Nucleophiles
Authors: Gospodova Tzveta , Rashkova Jivka , Ivanova Diana , Viteva Lilia , Duprat Christine , Mazières Marie‐Rose , Bakalova Snezhana , Kaneti Jose 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe reactivity of heptamethine merocyanine dyes that contain an active chlorine atom at a meso position of the polymethine chain towards nucleophiles is investigated for the first time. The reactivity differs completely from that of cationic cyanine dyes and is consistent with a concerted SNAr addition–elimination mechanism. This mechanism is additionally supported by the performed DFT calculations in the gas phase and in solution. The observed dependence of the reaction on the type of the nucleophilic agents is discussed in terms of Pearson's theory. Additional diversification of and improvement in the stability of the ramified merocyanines is achieved in reactions with methyl‐substituted quaternary salts of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles. The photophysical characteristics of the novel dyes are reported and compared with those of the parent merocyanine.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
‘Do you think you suffer from depression?’ Reevaluating the use of a single item question for the screening of depression in older primary care patients
Authors: Ayalon Liat , Goldfracht Margalit , Bech Per 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe majority of older adults seek depression treatment in primary care. Despite impressive efforts to integrate depression treatment into primary care, depression often remains undetected. The overall goal of the present study was to compare a single item screening for depression to existing depression screening tools.MethodsA cross sectional sample of 153 older primary care patients. Participants completed several depression‐screening measures (e.g. a single depression screen, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, Major Depression Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale). Measures were evaluated against a depression diagnosis made by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV.ResultsOverall, 3.9% of the sample was diagnosed with depression. The most notable finding was that the single‐item question, ‘do you think you suffer from depression?’ had as good or better sensitivity (83%) than all other screens. Nonetheless, its specificity of 83% suggested that it has to be followed up by a through diagnostic interview. Additional sensitivity analyses concerning the use of a single depression item taken directly from the depression screening measures supported this finding.ConclusionsAn easy way to detect depression in older primary care patients would be asking the single question, ‘do you think you suffer from depression?’ Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disentangling syntax and intelligibility in auditory language comprehension
Authors: Friederici Angela D. , Kotz Sonja A. , Scott Sophie K. , Obleser Jonas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractStudies of the neural basis of spoken language comprehension typically focus on aspects of auditory processing by varying signal intelligibility, or on higher‐level aspects of language processing such as syntax. Most studies in either of these threads of language research report brain activation including peaks in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and/or the superior temporal sulcus (STS), but it is not clear why these areas are recruited in functionally different studies. The current fMRI study aims to disentangle the functional neuroanatomy of intelligibility and syntax in an orthogonal design. The data substantiate functional dissociations between STS and STG in the left and right hemispheres: first, manipulations of speech intelligibility yield bilateral mid‐anterior STS peak activation, whereas syntactic phrase structure violations elicit strongly left‐lateralized mid STG and posterior STS activation. Second, ROI analyses indicate all interactions of speech intelligibility and syntactic correctness to be located in the left frontal and temporal cortex, while the observed right‐hemispheric activations reflect less specific responses to intelligibility and syntax. Our data demonstrate that the mid‐to‐anterior STS activation is associated with increasing speech intelligibility, while the mid‐to‐posterior STG/STS is more sensitive to syntactic information within the speech. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Information technology and its impact on stock returns and trading volume
Authors: Benzion Uri , Tavor Tchai , Yagil Joseph 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of information technology on common stock returns and trading volume. By focusing mainly on the peak period of the hi‐tech phenomenon, the findings imply that the market response to website launching is positive. During the event day and the two preceding days, the abnormal stock return and the abnormal trading volume both are positive and statistically significant. In particular, the impact is stronger for non‐US firms than for domestic companies, for initial rather than subsequent site launches, for those sites that are launched on Monday rather than on other days of the week, and for innovative industries such as electronics and computers. As expected, while the launch of a website had a stronger effect at the beginning of the hi‐tech phenomenon, the impact has diminished in later years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.