bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between maternal body mass, smoking status and ethnicity and first trimester nuchal translucency thickness
Authors: Cowans Nicholas J. , Spencer Kevin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the existence of a relationship between maternal body mass, maternal ethnicity and maternal smoking status and nuchal translucency (NT) in the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodsNT measurements from 130 339 euploid, singleton pregnancies were converted to NT multiples of the median (MoM) and delta NT using expected medians determined using regression analysis. Relationships between maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal weight, maternal ethnicity and maternal smoking status and NT MoM and delta NT were examined.ResultsNT increased with gestational age. Uncorrected NT MoM and delta NT demonstrated small but significant positive relationships with either maternal BMI or maternal weight. Both NT MoM and delta NT were slightly, but significantly, increased in smokers compared to non‐smokers and Afro‐Caribbean compared to Caucasians, and slightly, but significantly, decreased in Asians compared to Caucasians.ConclusionAlthough statistically significant, all the changes reported are likely to be too small to be relevant in terms of correcting in prenatal screening. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy: new insights and management
Authors: de Jong E. P. , Walther F. J. , Kroes A. C. M. , Oepkes D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this article, we review the virology, pathology, epidemiology and clinical spectrum of intrauterine human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection, including intrauterine fetal death, non‐immune hydrops fetalis, thrombocytopenia and neurological manifestations such as pediatric stroke and perivascular calcifications. In addition, we discuss the new insights into the neurodevelopmental outcome of intrauterine B19V infection. Current diagnosis and management of B19V infection is summarized, including a diagnostic and follow‐up flowchart for practical clinical use. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The detection of chromosome anomalies by QF‐PCR and residual risks as compared to G‐banded analysis
Authors: Speevak Marsha D. , McGowan‐Jordan Jean , Chun Kathy 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the detection rate of clinically significant chromosome abnormalities using quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) of fetal DNA in comparison with G‐banded analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells and determine the residual risk if QF‐PCR were performed alone for low‐risk cases.MethodsAmniotic fluid samples were prospectively categorized based on the likelihood of the fetus having a chromosome anomaly. QF‐PCR results were compared with the G‐banded findings. The distribution of patients and the rates of clinically significant anomalies in each risk category were determined.ResultsA total of 4176 amniotic fluid samples were studied. Among these, 331 cases with abnormalities were detected by both methods and an additional 19 abnormal cases were detected by G‐banding only. Five of those undetected by QF‐PCR were considered clinically significant, four of which were referred due to an elevated a priori risk (>4%). If QF‐PCR is performed in all cases and G‐banding performed only in higher risk cases, the residual risk for a clinically significant chromosome abnormality will be as low as 0.083%.ConclusionsThis study suggests that QF‐PCR alone is appropriate for patients with uncomplicated pregnancies, who are referred solely for an increased risk of a common trisomy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second trimester serum predictors of congenital heart defects in pregnancies without chromosomal or neural tube defects
Authors: Jelliffe‐Pawlowski Laura , Baer Rebecca , Moon‐Grady Anita J. , Currier Robert J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare euploid pregnancies with congenital heart defects (CHDs) to similar pregnancies without CHDs on typically collected second trimester biomarker measurements.MethodSecond trimester serum levels of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and unconjugated estriol were compared for 306 CHD cases and 1224 no‐CHD controls drawn from a sample of singleton pregnancies without chromosomal or neural tube defects (NTDs). Logistic regression models were built comparing biomarkers for cases and controls.ResultsRegardless of the severity of defect, CHD cases were more likely to have unusually high AFP and/or hCG levels and/or unusually low hCG and/or uE3 levels [odds ratio (OR) 1.8–2.4, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.2–4.0]. Cases with critical CHDs were more than twice as likely to have an AFP multiple of the median (MoM) ≥ the 95th percentile and/or an hCG and/uE3 MoM ≤ the 5th percentile (OR 2.1–3.9, 95% CIs 1.1–7.8).ConclusionAbnormal levels of specific second trimester maternal serum biomarkers indicated an increased risk for CHDs among this sample of low risk pregnancies. Our data suggest that future efforts aimed at improving CHD detection in low risk pregnancies may benefit from considering serum biomarkers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
aCGH on chorionic villi mirrors the complexity of fetoplacental mosaicism in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Filges Isabel , Kang Anjeung , Klug Vanessa , Wenzel Friedel , Heinimann Karl , Tercanli Sevgi , Miny Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the diagnostic performance of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in the presence of mosaicism in the fetoplacental unit using direct chorionic villi.MethodIn an ongoing study on the diagnostic performance of aCGH in 80 high‐risk pregnancies, we studied three cases of placental mosaicism by carrying out aCGH on DNA of direct chorionic villi and chorionic villi cultures.ResultsCase 1: A three‐ to fourfold dosage gain of the region 18p in aCGH on direct villi was due to two additional isochromosomes 18p confined to the cytotrophoblast. Case 2: aCGH on direct villi revealed a normal result, whereas trisomy 18 mosaicism was present in cultured cells. Case 3: aCGH identifies monosomy X and mosaic disomy of the region Xp11.21‐Xq12, whereas this mosaic cell line is not present in the conventional chromosome preparation on the cytotrophoblast.ConclusionAlthough interpretation of aCGH results may be straightforward in the majority of cases, placental mosaicism may cause misinterpretations of rapid aCGH results on direct chorionic villi due to discrepant chromosomal constitutions of cytotrophoblast and mesenchymal villus core. Further investigations including cultures, fluorescence in situ hybridization and possible amniocentesis will still be required for interpretation of results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observations of the middle school environment: The context for student behavior beyond the classroom
Authors: Rusby Julie C. , Crowley Ryann , Sprague Jeffrey , Biglan Anthony 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article describes the use of an observation system to measure middle school staff practices, environment characteristics, and student behavior in the school common areas. Data were collected at baseline from 18 middle schools participating in a randomized controlled trial of school‐wide Positive Behavior Support. The observations were reliable and showed sensitivity to differences between school settings and between schools. Multilevel models with students nested in schools were used to examine the associations of staff practices and the school environment with student behavior. Less effective behavior management and more staff criticism, graffiti, and percentage of low‐income students were associated with student problem behaviors. Greater use of effective behavior management and positive attention, and fewer low‐income students were associated with positive student behavior. The use of data‐based feedback to schools for intervention planning and monitoring is illustrated. Implications for school‐wide efforts to improve student behavior in middle schools are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of autoantibody biomarkers for primary Sjögren's syndrome using protein microarrays
Authors: Hu Shen , Vissink Arjan , Arellano Martha , Roozendaal Caroline , Zhou Hui , Kallenberg Cees G. M. , Wong David T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease primarily affecting women. Diagnosis of SS requires an invasive salivary gland tissue biopsy and a long delay from the start of the symptoms to final diagnosis has been frequently observed. In this study, we aim to identify salivary autoantibody biomarkers for primary SS (pSS) using a protein microarray approach. Immune‐response protoarrays were used to profile saliva autoantibodies from patients with pSS (n=14), patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n=13), and healthy control subjects (n=13). We identified 24 potential autoantibody biomarkers that can discriminate patients with pSS from both patients with SLE and healthy individuals. Four saliva autoantibody biomarkers, anti‐transglutaminase, anti‐histone, anti‐SSA, and anti‐SSB, were further tested in independent pSS (n=34), SLE (n=34), and healthy control (n=34) subjects and all were successfully validated with ELISA. This study has demonstrated the potential of a high‐throughput protein microarray approach for the discovery of autoantibody biomarkers. The identified saliva autoantibody biomarkers may lead to a clinical tool for simple, noninvasive detection of pSS at low cost.
Identification of phosphorylation sites on extracellular corneal epithelial cell maspin
Authors: Narayan Malathi , Mirza Shama P. , Twining Sally S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMaspin, a 42‐kDa non‐classical serine protease inhibitor (serpin), is expressed by epithelial cells of various tissues including the cornea. The protein localizes to the nucleus and cytosol, and is present in the extracellular space. While extracellular maspin regulates corneal stromal fibroblast adhesion and inhibits angiogenesis during wound healing in the cornea, the molecular mechanism of its extracellular functions is unclear. We hypothesized that identifying post‐translational modifications of maspin, such as phosphorylation, may help decipher its mode of action. The focus of this study was on the identification of phosphorylation sites on extracellular maspin, since the extracellular form of the molecule is implicated in several functions. Multi‐stage fragmentation MS was used to identify sites of phosphorylation on extracellular corneal epithelial cell maspin. A total of eight serine and threonine phosphorylation sites (Thr50, Ser97, Thr118, Thr157, Ser240, Ser298, Thr310 and Ser316) were identified on the extracellular forms of the molecule. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues was not detected on extracellular maspin from corneal epithelial cell, in contrast to breast epithelial cells. This study provides the basis for further investigation into the functional role of phosphorylation of corneal epithelial maspin.
Towards characterization of the glycoproteome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit using Concanavalin A lectin affinity chromatography and LC‐MALDI‐MS/MS analysis
Authors: Catalá Carmen , Howe Kevin J. , Hucko Simon , Rose Jocelyn K. C. , Thannhauser Theodore W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe isolation and analysis of glycoproteins by coupling lectin affinity chromatography with MS has emerged as a powerful strategy to study the glycoproteome of mammalian cells. However, this approach has not been used extensively for the analysis of plant glycoproteins. As with all eukaryotes, N‐glycosylation is a common post‐translational modification for plant proteins traveling through the secretory pathway. Many such proteins are destined for the cell wall, or apoplast, where they play important roles in processes such as modifying cell wall structure, sugar metabolism, signaling, and defense against pathogens. Here, we describe a strategy to enrich for and identify secreted plant proteins based on affinity chromatography using the lectin Concanavalin A and two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, together with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization MS analysis. The value of this approach is illustrated through the characterization of glycoproteins that are expressed in ripe tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit, a developmental stage that is fundamentally linked with significant changes in cell wall structure and composition. This glycoprotein trap strategy allowed the isolation of a sub‐proteome with an extremely high proportion of proteins that are predicted to be resident in the cell wall or secretory pathway, and the identification of new putative cell wall proteins.
Comparative proteomics of seed maturation in oilseeds reveals differences in intermediary metabolism
Authors: Hajduch Martin , Matusova Radoslava , Houston Norma L. , Thelen Jay J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProteomics is increasingly being used to understand enzyme expression and regulatory mechanisms involved in the accumulation of storage reserves in crops with sequenced genomes. During the past six years, considerable progress has been made to characterize proteomes of both mature and developing seeds, particularly oilseeds – plants which accumulate principally oil and protein as storage reserves. This review summarizes the emerging proteomics data, with emphasis on seed filling in soy, rapeseed, castor and Arabidopsis as each of these oilseeds were analyzed using very similar proteomic strategies. These parallel studies provide a comprehensive view of source–sink relationships, specifically sucrose assimilation into organic acid intermediates for de novo amino acid and fatty acid synthesis. We map these biochemical processes for seed maturation and illustrate the differences and similarities among the four oilseeds. For example, while the four oilseeds appear capable of producing cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate as the principal carbon intermediate, soybean and castor also express malic enzymes and malate dehydrogenase, together capable of producing malate that has been previously proposed to be the major intermediate for fatty acid synthesis in castor. We discuss these and other differences in the context of intermediary metabolism for developing oilseeds.
Implications of high‐temperature events and water deficits on protein profiles in wheat (Triticum aestivumL. cv. Vinjett) grain
Authors: Yang Fen , Jørgensen Anders D. , Li Huawei , Søndergaard Ib , Finnie Christine , Svensson Birte , Jiang Dong , Wollenweber Bernd , Jacobsen Susanne 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIncreased climatic variability is resulting in an increase of both the frequency and the magnitude of extreme climate events. Therefore, cereals may be exposed to more than one stress event in the growing season, which may ultimately affect crop yield and quality. Here, effects are reported of interaction of water deficits and/or a high‐temperature event (32°C) during vegetative growth (terminal spikelet) with either of these stress events applied during generative growth (anthesis) in wheat. Influence of combinations of stress on protein fractions (albumins, globulins, gliadins and glutenins) in grains and stress‐induced changes on the albumin and gliadin proteomes were investigated by 2‐DE and MS. The synthesis of individual protein fractions was shown to be affected by both the type and time of the applied stresses. Identified drought or high‐temperature‐responsive proteins included proteins involved in primary metabolism, storage and stress response such as late embryogenesis abundant proteins, peroxiredoxins and α‐amylase/trypsin inhibitors. Several proteins, e.g. heat shock protein and 14‐3‐3 protein changed in abundance only under multiple high temperatures.
Towards the profiling of the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane transportome by targeted proteomics
Authors: Monneuse Jean‐Marc , Sugano Madeleine , Becue Thierry , Santoni Véronique , Hem Sonia , Rossignol Michel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPlant membranes bear a variety of transporters belonging to multigene families that are affected by environmental and nutritional conditions. In addition, they often display high‐sequence identity, making difficult in‐depth investigation by current shot‐gun strategies. In this study, we set up a targeted proteomics approach aimed at identifying and quantifying within single experiments the five major proton pumps of the autoinhibited H+ATPases (AHA) family, the 13 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP) water channels (PIPs), and ten members of ammonium transporters (AMTs) and nitrate transporter (NRT) families. Proteotypic peptides were selected and isotopically labeled heavy versions were used for technical optimization and for quantification of the corresponding light version in biological samples. This approach allowed to quantify simultaneously nine PIPs in leaf membranes and 13 PIPs together with three autoinhibited H+ATPases, two ammonium transporters, and two NRTs in root membranes. Similarly, it was used to investigate the effect of a salt stress on the expression of these latter 20 transporters in roots. These novel isoform‐specific data were compared with published transcriptome information and revealed a close correlation between PIP isoforms and transcripts levels. The obtained resource is reusable and can be expanded to other transporter families for large‐scale profiling of membrane transporters.
Rice proteomics: A move toward expanded proteome coverage to comparative and functional proteomics uncovers the mysteries of rice and plant biology
Authors: Agrawal Ganesh Kumar , Rakwal Randeep 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGrowing rice is an important socio‐economic activity. Rice proteomics has achieved a tremendous progress in establishing techniques to proteomes of almost all tissues, organs, and organelles during the past one decade (year 2000–2010). We have compiled these progresses time to time over this period. The present compilation discusses proteomics research in rice published between 1st April 2008 and 30th July 2010. Progress continues mainly towards protein cataloging deep into the proteome with high‐confident protein assignment and some functional significance than ever before by (i) identifying previously unreported/low‐abundance proteins, (ii) quantifying relative/absolute values of proteins, (iii) assigning protein responses to biotic/abiotic stresses, (iv) protein localization into organelles, (v) validating previous proteomes and eliminating false‐positive proteins, and (vi) discovering potential biomarkers for tissues, organs, organelles, and for screening transgenic plants and food‐safety evaluation. The notable achievements in global mapping of phosphorylation sites and identifying several novel secreted proteins into the extracellular space are worth appreciating. Our ever‐increasing knowledge on the rice proteomics is beginning to impact the biology of not only rice, but also crops and plants. These major achievements will be discussed in this review keeping in mind newcomers, young, and established scientists in proteomics and plants.
Dispersion polymerization using hydroxy‐functional macroazoinitiators as an inistab
Authors: Fujii Syuji , Suzaki Motomichi , Kakigi Yuichi , Aono Kodai , Yusa Shin‐Ichi , Nakamura Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHydroxy‐functional macroazoinitiators with central azo unit have been synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate or 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate in methanol. The mean degrees of polymerization of the polymer chains beside the azo group were fixed at 30 and 60. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and gel permeation chromatography were used to characterize the macroazoinitiators in terms of their chemical structure, molecular weight, and polydispersity, respectively. Dispersion polymerizations of styrene using the hydroxy‐functional macroazoinitiators as an inistab (initiator + colloidal stabilizer) in 2‐propanol or 2‐propanol/water media resulted in submicrometer‐sized polystyrene latex particles with hydroxy‐functional polymer hair. Electron microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thin layer chromatography, and 1H NMR were used to characterize the particles in terms of their morphologies, particle sizes, and their distributions and chemical compositions. The synthesized particles behaved as an effective particulate emulsifier for the stabilization of oil‐in‐water emulsions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Ethylene polymerization with FI complexes having novel phenoxy‐imine ligands: Effect of metal type and complex immobilization
Authors: Krasuska Agata , Białek Marzena , Czaja Krystyna 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of bis(phenoxy‐imine) vanadium and zirconium complexes with different types of R3 substituents at the nitrogen atom, where R3 = phenyl, naphthyl, or anthryl, was synthesized and investigated in ethylene polymerization. Moreover, the catalytic performance was verified for three supported catalysts, which had been obtained by immobilization of bis[N‐(salicylidene)‐1‐naphthylaminato]M(IV) dichloride complexes (M = V, Zr, or Ti) on the magnesium carrier MgCl2(THF)2/Et2AlCl. Catalytic performance of both supported and homogeneous catalysts was verified in conjunction with methylaluminoxane (MAO) or with alkylaluminium compounds (EtnAlCl3−n, n = 1–3). The activity of FI vanadium and zirconium complexes was observed to decline for the growing size of R3, whereas the average molecular weight (MW) of the polymers was growing for larger substituent. Moreover, vanadium complexes exhibited the highest activity with EtAlCl2, whereas zirconium ones showed the best activity with MAO. All immobilized systems were most active in conjunction with MAO, and their activities were higher than those for their homogeneous counterparts, and they gave polymers with higher average MWs. That effect was in particular evident for the titanium catalyst. The vanadium complex 3 was also a good precursor for ethylene/1‐octene copolymerization; however, its immobilization reduced its potential for incorporation of a comonomer into a polyethylene chain. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Cu(0) mediated polymerization in toluene using online rapid GPC monitoring
Authors: Levere Martin E. , Willoughby Ian , O'Donohue Stephen , Wright Peter M. , Grice Anthony J. , Fidge Christopher , Remzi Becer C. , Haddleton David M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) catalyzed by Cu(0) is carried out in toluene using a range of alcohols and phenol as additives to facilitate the reaction. The polar/coordinating additives promote disproportionation of Cu(I) to Cu(0), the proposed active species in single electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP), and Cu(II) whilst toluene maintains solubility of the reagents and products. In this work, the use of alcohols as additives is optimized. Polymerizations are monitored in real time using rapid chromatography to obtain conversion and molecular weight distribution data without the necessity of manual sampling. Rapid gel permeation chromatography with low angle laser light scattering detection is shown to be a viable method of obtaining molecular weight distribution data in real time compared with conventional analytical techniques. Moreover, the changes in CuBr2 concentration during SET‐LRP reactions are monitored online using a photodiode array detector. Finally, the kinetics of SET‐LRP of MA using an ultra pure highly porous Cu(0) is performed and a detailed discussion on the role of Cu(II) is provided. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011