bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of progressors in osteoarthritis by combining biochemical and MRI-based markers
Authors: Dam Erik B , Loog Marco , Christiansen Claus , Byrjalsen Inger , Folkesson Jenny , Nielsen Mads , Qazi Arish A , Pettersen Paola C , Garnero Patrick , Karsdal Morten A 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Introduction
At present, no disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADS) are approved by the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration); possibly partly due to inadequate trial design since efficacy demonstration requires disease progression in the placebo group. We investigated whether combinations of biochemical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based markers provided effective diagnostic and prognostic tools for identifying subjects with high risk of progression. Specifically, we investigated aggregate cartilage longevity markers combining markers of breakdown, quantity, and quality.

Methods
The study included healthy individuals and subjects with radiographic osteoarthritis. In total, 159 subjects (48% female, age 56.0 ± 15.9 years, body mass index 26.1 ± 4.2 kg/m2) were recruited. At baseline and after 21 months, biochemical (urinary collagen type II C-telopeptide fragment, CTX-II) and MRI-based markers were quantified. MRI markers included cartilage volume, thickness, area, roughness, homogeneity, and curvature in the medial tibio-femoral compartment. Joint space width was measured from radiographs and at 21 months to assess progression of joint damage.

Results
Cartilage roughness had the highest diagnostic accuracy quantified as the area under the receiver-operator characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 0.91) among the individual markers (higher than all others, P < 0.05) to distinguish subjects with radiographic osteoarthritis from healthy controls. Diagnostically, cartilage longevity scored AUC 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92, higher than roughness: P = 0.03). For prediction of longitudinal radiographic progression based on baseline marker values, the individual prognostic marker with highest AUC was homogeneity at 0.71 (0.56 to 0.81). Prognostically, cartilage longevity scored AUC 0.77 (0.62 to 0.90, borderline higher than homogeneity: P = 0.12). When comparing patients in the highest quartile for the longevity score to lowest quartile, the odds ratio of progression was 20.0 (95% confidence interval: 6.4 to 62.1).

Conclusions
Combination of biochemical and MRI-based biomarkers improved diagnosis and prognosis of knee osteoarthritis and may be useful to select high-risk patients for inclusion in DMOAD clinical trials.
A Preformed Signaling Complex Mediates GnRH-Activated ERK Phosphorylation of Paxillin and FAK at Focal Adhesions in LβT2 Gonadotrope Cells
Authors: Dobkin-Bekman Masha , Naidich Michal , Rahamim Liat , Przedecki Fiorenza , Almog Tal , Lim Stefan , Melamed Philippa , Liu Ping , Wohland Thorsten , Yao Zhong , Seger Rony , Naor Zvi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMost receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) operate via a limited number of MAPK cascades but still exert diverse functions, and therefore signal specificity remains an enigma. Also, most GPCR ligands utilize families of receptors for mediation of diverse biological actions; however, the mammalian type I GnRH receptor (GnRHR) seems to be the sole receptor mediating GnRH-induced gonadotropin synthesis and release. Signaling complexes associated with GPCRs may thus provide the means for signal specificity. Here we describe a signaling complex associated with the GnRHR, which is a unique GPCR lacking a C-terminal tail. Unlike other GPCRs, this signaling complex is preformed, and exposure of LβT2 gonadotropes to GnRH induces its dynamic rearrangement. The signaling complex includes c-Src, protein kinase Cδ, -ε, and -α, Ras, MAPK kinase 1/2, ERK1/2, tubulin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, vinculin, caveolin-1, kinase suppressor of Ras-1, and the GnRHR. Exposure to GnRH (5 min) causes MAPK kinase 1/2, ERK1/2, tubulin, vinculin, and the GnRHR to detach from c-Src, but they reassociate within 30 min. On the other hand, FAK, paxillin, the protein kinase Cs, and caveolin-1 stay bound to c-Src, whereas kinase suppressor of Ras-1 appears in the complex only 30 min after GnRH stimulation. GnRH was found to activate ERK1/2 in the complex in a c-Src-dependent manner, and the activated ERK1/2 subsequently phosphorylates FAK and paxillin. In parallel, caveolin-1, FAK, vinculin, and paxillin are phosphorylated on Tyr residues apparently by GnRH-activated c-Src. Receptor tyrosine kinases and GPCRs translocate ERK1/2 to the nucleus to phosphorylate and activate transcription factors. We therefore propose that the role of the multiprotein signaling complex is to sequester a cytosolic pool of activated ERK1/2 to phosphorylate FAK and paxillin at focal adhesions.
Water flow model turbine flow visualization study of the unsteady interaction of secondary flow vortices with the downstream rotor
Authors: Aurahs L , Kasper C , Kürner M , Rose M G , Staudacher S , Gier J 
Published: July 2009

This article presents detailed flow visualization photographs, root mean square processed photography, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of the interaction of the vane passage vortex and horseshoe vortex with the rotor of an axial flow turbine model. Different modes of vortex breakdown behaviour have been experimentally observed inside the rotating passage of the turbine blade. These are spiral vortex mode and bubble mode breakdown. The breakdown mode changes as the vortices are influenced by the periodic pressure field of the rotor. The measurements were taken in a vertical water channel with ink injection for flow visualization. Unsteady CFD analyses have been made with some success in prediction of the unsteady flow structures. In particular, the pre-instability behaviour of the passage vortex in the experiments matches the results of the numerical investigations.
Effect of salts on the formation and properties of microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan gels 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008
Authors: Laka Marianna , Chernyavskaya Svetlana 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The difference in the effect of salts on the formation and properties of gels based on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh) was investigated. Bleached sulphate pulp from wood and chitosan obtained from exoskeletons of crustaceans served as raw materials. These were destructed by a thermocatalytic method to the levelling-off degree of polymerisation and then dispersed in solutions of different salts. At a sufficiently high concentration, gels with a liquid crystalline structure were formed. For MCC, the gels are stronger when the dispersion solution contains polyvalent cations, which decrease the negative charge on the cellulose surface caused by the carboxyl groups present there. As a result, the mutual repulsing forces between the cellulose particles decrease and the lattice formed by them becomes stronger. For MCCh, strong gels with a great viscosity are formed when the dispersion solution contains polyvalent anions, which decrease the positive charge on the chitosan surface caused by amine groups. The effect of salts depends also on their concentration in the solution.
A Review of Solid-State Electrochemical Sensors for Measurements of Sulfur Content of Liquid Metals
Authors: Liu Tao , Li Lin , Yu Jingkun 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Sulfur in steel is one of the most important deleterious element, so monitoring sulfur content is important to improve the quality of steel products. Solid electrolyte based sensors are well suited to metallurgical processes. However, the design of effective high temperature electrochemical sulfur sensors requires higher stability of sulfides and strategic combinations of electrolyte and auxiliary electrode materials to provide satisfactory response and stability. The approaches and materials used in the development of sulfur sensor are reviewed, and theoretical sulfur activity versus potential relation is given in this paper.
A Dove and a Nightingale: Mahābhārata 3. 130. 18–3. 131. 32 and Hesiod, works and days 202–213
Authors: Zanker Andreas 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Hesiod’s Fable of the Hawk and the Nightingale remains a scholarly problem: its “might is right” moral seems to counteract the point that the poet appears to be making in this part of the Works and Days. Moreover, it is introduced with an address to the kings but finishes immediately prior to a dislocated appellation to Hesiod’s brother Perses. We have no clearly analogous fable to set next to this one. In this paper I step outside the Greek tradition and present a comparable story from the Indic Mahābhārata that involves not only a hawk and a dove but also a king who protects the latter. I argue that the material it supplies can help us in our interpretation of the Hesiodic fable by opening up the possibility that there is in fact a third character within the drama – absent from the text itself but essential for our understanding of it – who had the power to protect the nightingale from the hawk but who failed to do so.
Effects of acute administration of acylated and unacylated ghrelin on glucose and insulin concentrations in morbidly obese subjects without overt diabetes
Authors: Kiewiet Rosalie M , van Aken Maarten O , van der Weerd Kim , Uitterlinden Piet , Themmen Axel P N , Hofland Leo J , de Rijke Yolanda B , Delhanty Patric J D , Ghigo Ezio , Abribat Thierry , van der Lely Aart Jan 
Published: July 2009

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of unacylated ghrelin (UAG) and co-administration of acylated ghrelin (AG) and UAG in morbid obesity, a condition characterized by insulin resistance and low GH levels.Design and methodEight morbidly obese non-diabetic subjects were treated with either UAG 200 μg, UAG 100 μg in combination with AG 100 μg (Comb) or placebo in three episodes of 4 consecutive days in a double-blind randomized crossover design. Study medication was administered as daily single i.v. bolus injections at 0900 h after an overnight fast. At 1000 h, a standardized meal was served. Glucose, insulin, GH, free fatty acids (FFA) and ghrelin were measured up to 4 h after administration.ResultsInsulin concentrations significantly decreased after acute administration of Comb only, reaching a minimum at 20 min: 58.2±3.9% of baseline versus 88.7±7.2 and 92.7±2.6% after administration of placebo and UAG respectively (P<0.01). After 1 h, insulin concentration had returned to baseline. Glucose concentrations did not change after Comb. However, UAG administration alone did not change glucose, insulin, FFA or GH levels.ConclusionCo-administration of AG and UAG as a single i.v. bolus injection causes a significant decrease in insulin concentration in non-diabetic subjects suffering from morbid obesity. Since glucose concentration did not change in the first hour after Comb administration, our data suggest a strong improvement in insulin sensitivity. These findings warrant studies in which UAG with or without AG is administered for a longer period of time. Administration of a single bolus injection of UAG did not influence glucose and insulin metabolism.
First‐flowering dates of plants in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Travers Steven E. , Dunnell Kelsey L. 
Published: July 2009

Phenological observations of plant flowering patterns provide useful information for studying the ecological impact of global climate change over long‐term periods. However, the long‐term data sets with which meaningful comparisons can be made are rare, especially in the less‐populated Northern Great Plains region of North America. Here we present the observations of first‐flowering time of native and nonnative plant species in North Dakota and Minnesota over the course of 51 years in the last century. Orin A. Stevens recorded the first‐flowering time of 753 species in the vicinity of Fargo, North Dakota, USA, and throughout North Dakota from 1910 to 1961. These data offer baseline indications of both the timing of first flowering and the presence/absence for a wide variety of plants in a region of North America with a relatively short growing season.The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at http://esapubs.org/archive. (The accession number for each Data Paper is givendirectly beneath the title.)
Iterative Ensemble Kalman Filters for Data Assimilation
Authors: Li Gaoming , Reynolds Albert C. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a subject of intensive investigation for use as a reservoir management tool. For strongly nonlinear problems, however, the EnKF can fail to achieve an acceptable data match at certain times in the data assimilation process. Here, we provide two iterative EnKF procedures to remedy this deficiency and explore the validity of these iterative methods compared to the standard EnKF by considering two examples. In both examples, we are able to obtain better data matches using iterative methods than with the standard EnKF.
The simplest derivation of the EnKF analysis equation "linearizes" the objective function by adding the vector of predicted data to the original combined state vector of model parameters and dynamical variables. We show that there is no assurance that this trick for turning a nonlinear problem into a linear problem results in a correct sampling of the probability density function (pdf) one wishes to sample. However, we show that augmenting the state vector with the data results in a correct procedure for sampling the pdf if, at every data assimilation step, the predicted data vector is a linear function of the combined (unaugmented) state vector. Without this assumption, we know of no way to show EnKF samples correctly.
Gas Well Liquid Loading From the Power Perspective
Authors: Dotson B.. , Nunez-Paclibon E.. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
This paper introduces a new systematic way to evaluate gas well deliquification options throughout the life of a well by using power as the most general measure of cost.
As a gas well depletes, the gas velocity declines to the point that liquid droplets are not removed from the wellbore. Liquids accumulate and impose increased pressure on the sandface. To maintain production, we apply artificial lift. In some cases, such as plungers or foamers, we make better use of the remaining reservoir energy. In other cases, we apply external energy using methods such as gas lift or pumps.
Improving gas well recovery by removing wellbore liquids accumulation is of interest to industry in two general ways. First, there is the perennial question of how to select deliquification techniques for the entire life of the well. This paper provides a framework to compare the relative merits of various artificial lift systems through final depletion. Furthermore, stakeholders are demanding more substantial bases for booked reserves, and with more development this method offers a defensible estimation of the economic limit with respect to liquids accumulation that honors the depth, productivity, and completion characteristics of a particular well.
To understand the appropriate application of artificial lift power, we proceeded in two stages. First, we modeled a synthetic two-phase gas well including the liquid-loading behavior. The model produced the familiar result of natural flow in early production followed by lower production as the well declines and liquids accumulate. Next, we compared using the well's energy (i.e., siphon or velocity tubing strings) to the addition of external energy (i.e., gas-lift injection and downhole pumps) to optimize production at every stage of the depletion. We used the theoretical external power as a proxy for well operating cost to calculate the economic limit.
Ultimate recovery was improved by the addition of external energy. In particular, pumping was found to be favored over gas lift, because it provided lower bottomhole pressures and required less power, thereby yielding higher production at any point in time along with a lower economic limit rate.
Superposition Principle and Reciprocity for Pressure Transient Analysis of Data From Interfering Wells
Authors: Schroeter Thomas von , Gringarten Alain C. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Based on a linearized model for the isothermal flow of a single, compressible phase through a reservoir of arbitrary shape with impermeable or constant-pressure boundaries and spatially varying, anisotropic rock properties, we develop a multiwell extension of the superposition principle and re-examine the question of reciprocity between wells that may be modeled as point sinks or as extended sinks. In the latter case, we find that the answer depends on the well-bore boundary conditions: Reciprocity holds for infinite conductivity wells but fails to hold for spatially uniform sink strength. We also derive a multiwell generalization of the fractional transformation in the Laplace domain, which adds skin and wellbore storage to a reservoir model, and find that its impact on reciprocity is neutral: It preserves reciprocity if it holds for the reservoir model.
Barite Dissolution/Precipitation Kinetics in Porous Media and in the Presence and Absence of a Common Scale Inhibitor
Authors: Shen Dong , Fu Gongmin , Al-Saiari Hamad A. , Kan Amy T. , Tomson Mason B. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Field engineers and reservoir modelers often question if equilibrium conditions prevail downhole, and when do super(sub)saturation conditions exist. This questioning is especially critical in designing seawater injection for pressure maintenance caused by serious barite scale problems in barium-containing formation water. This paper: (1) discusses the experimental research on rock-brine interaction to determine if equilibrium conditions and kinetics prevail, and (2) develops realistic seawater/inhibitor injection schemes for scale control during seawater injection.
We have examined the question from three points of view: (1) thermodynamic equilibrium, (2) mass transport kinetics, and (3) experimental testing of flow through columns with or without scale inhibitors. If the reaction direction is from undersaturated toward saturation, then equilibrium normally occurs rapidly, being observed within approximately 5 minutes. When the reaction is going from supersaturated to the equilibrium direction, such as during seawater injection into a barium-containing formation, the precipitation reaction is often slow (i.e., equilibrium is not observed after 10 minutes of contact time. Both barite dissolution and precipitation rates on clean core material are consistent with those reported in literature with a second order rate constants for dissolution (≈30,172 L2·mol−1·m−2·sec−1, 100°C) and precipitation (= 938 L2·mol−1·m−2·sec−1, 100°C).
The kinetics of barite formation can significantly slow down in the presence of scale inhibitors, and the sulfate tolerance can be increased. The kinetics of both barite dissolution and precipitation are poorly understood at the present time. Combining sulfate reduction and scale-inhibitor application in intelligent engineering design can significantly reduce the problems and costs associated with seawater injection. Equations for the engineering design of such treatment were derived from nucleation kinetics, inhibition efficiency, and inhibitor adsorption and transport. Sulfate tolerance in the presence of scale inhibitors is measured and compared with the prediction from nucleation inhibition theory with excellent agreement. An innovative inhibitor treatment by way of coreflood has been done as proof-of-concept and is discussed herein.
Microbial Pilot Test for the Control of Paraffin and Asphaltenes at Prudhoe Bay
Authors: Ferguson Keith R. , Lloyd Christine T. , Spencer Dan , Hoeltgen James 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The following paper describes a six month pilot test for the control of paraffin and asphaltene deposition at the reservoir level using naturally occurring microorganisms. For the course of the paper, paraffin will be defined as pentane soluble hydrocarbon precipitates. Likewise, asphaltene will be defined as hydrocarbon deposits which are pentane insoluble and toluene soluble. The microbial project was conducted on four wells in the Eastern Operating Area of the Prudhoe Bay oil field. The microorganisms were selected based upon their ability to metabolize long hydrocarbon chains into lighter components.
Data collected from the project reflects the impact on total fluid production and crude oil physical and chemical properties i.e. API gravity, viscosity, and sulfur content.
Operation and maintenance costs for the microbial treatments versus alternative methods are shown and proven to be favorable on certain well types. The advantages of growing the microbes on site and increasing the variety and type of microbial functions is presented. The treatment techniques for effective microbial application along with candidate selection are discussed.
Calcium Oscillations and its Functional Siognificance in Chronobiology of Pancreatic Î²-Cells: The Art of Discovering Science
Authors: Ahmed Meftun , Fariduddin KM , Khanam Fatima , Begum Jesmin Ara , Ara Zinat , Deb Samarjit 
Published: July 2009

doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i1.2891 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(1): 21-31
Bonnes feuilles. Indice, index, indexation
Authors: Kovacs Susan , Timimi Ismaïl 
Published: July 2009

Résumé À l’occasion de la parution, cet été, aux éditions de l’ADBS, des actes du colloque « Indice, index, indexation » (Lille, 3-4 novembre 2005), nous en proposons ici la synthèse qui figure en introduction à l’ouvrage. Les organisateurs de cette manifestation s’étaient proposé d’interroger les contextes d’élaboration et d’utilisation des signes indiciels et d’analyser la notion d’index liée à ces pratiques d’indexation et à ces objets indiciels. Et d’engager un dialogue entre différents horizons disciplinaires et terrains professionnels pour débattre des multiples enjeux de l’indexation. Cette rencontre transdisciplinaire a fait la richesse des débats et constitue un des principaux apports de ce colloque organisé par les laboratoires CERSATES et GERICO de l’Université Lille-3.
Journée d'étude ADBS. L'impact du numérique sur l'évolution des modes de travail
Authors: Lamouroux Mireille , Ferchaud Bernadette 
Published: July 2009

Résumé Le 7 juillet dernier, l’ADBS invitait ses adhérents à une journée de réflexion sur l’évolution que connaissent les modes de travail sous l’effet de la numérisation. Inépuisable sujet abordé cette fois-ci dans une perspective résolument élargie : ce n’est qu’après une matinée consacrée à des réflexions de chercheurs sur les mutations des modes de travail en général et à des témoignages de professionnels d’autres sphères que celle de l’information-documentation que, l’après-midi, une table ronde devait aborder les bouleversements que vivent nos métiers et les perspectives qui se dessinent pour eux.
Publications électroniques et dépôts d'œuvres en libre accès
Authors: Mossink Wilma 
Published: July 2009

Résumé À quelles questions juridiques est confronté un établissement universitaire ou de recherche qui entend proposer en libre accès les articles publiés et les autres travaux de ses membres ? Parce qu’il est rare qu’un auteur connaisse ses droits et fasse la différence entre donner une autorisation et céder ses droits, il importe de définir les conditions juridiques de l’auto-archivage et du dépôt dans une archive ouverte : qui est titulaire de quels droits, et comment ceux-ci se répartissent-ils entre l’auteur, l’institution et l’éditeur ? Cette étude s’appuie sur les réflexions et initiatives du groupe de Zwolle, de la fondation SURF, du groupement SPARC. Elle présente diverses licences de publication, de diffusion et d’archivage électroniques.