bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Oxygen Distribution in LOCA Situations
Authors: Duriez C. , Guilbert S. , Stern A. , Grandjean C. , Bělovský L. , Desquines J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Oxygen distribution in the rod cladding tubes during a Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) situation is known to play a key role regarding the post-quench mechanical properties of fuel rods. Analytical solutions of the diffusion equations in the complex multilayer and multiphase systems describing the cladding material tube during high temperature oxidation are limited to stationary isothermal conditions. To address the problem of non-stationary transient LOCA situations, a numerical tool (named DIFFOX) has been developed. In the first part, the main assumptions and main features of the code are described. In parallel to the code development, an experimental program has been launched to provide a validation database as well as to input data for improvement of the code models. Zircaloy-4 cladding samples have been pre-oxidized at low temperature then vacuum annealed or steam oxidized at high temperature. Oxygen distribution profiles are investigated by Electron Probe Microanalysis. The ability of the code to describe the chemical reduction of the pre-oxide layer and oxygen diffusion into the metal during high temperature annealing is demonstrated. Regarding high temperature steam oxidation, the pre-oxide layers are observed to be either protective or not on a same given sample. While a good code to experimental data agreement is obtained in the first case, the growing of a high temperature oxide underneath the pre-oxide is not well reproduced by the code. The effect of hydrogen has also been investigated by performing small scale oxidation tests on 600 wppm hydrogen charged Zy-4 cladding. Samples have been long-term annealed for homogenization after oxidation. The main purpose of these experiments is to provide quantitative data on the modification of the α/α+β and α+β/β transus of the Zy4-O pseudo binary phase diagram induced by the presence of hydrogen. A variation of the transus locations deduced from these experiments is proposed.
Gene expression profiles in aldosterone-producing adenomas and adjacent adrenal glands
Authors: Wang Tao , Satoh Fumitoshi , Morimoto Ryo , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Sasano Hironobu , Auchus Richard J , Edwards Michael A , Rainey William E 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of endocrine hypertension affecting ∼8–10% of hypertensive subjects. Aldosterone production in PA occurs under low-renin conditions, and the mechanisms that maintain the production of aldosterone in PA remain unknown.ObjectiveThis study was designed to compare the transcript profiles between aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and their adjacent adrenal gland (AAG) from the same adrenal.MethodsTotal RNA was extracted from ten APA and ten AAG; and subsequently analyzed by microarray and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). The microarray data were paired for each APA–AAG, and analyzed by GeneSpring GX 11 with paired t-test and fold change calculations for each transcript. Changes identified by microarray analysis were confirmed by qPCR.ResultsMicroarray analysis indicated that 14 genes had significantly up-regulated expression in APA compared to AAG. Among the elevated genes were aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) as well as novel transcription factors, calmodulin-binding proteins, and other genes that have not been previously studied in APA. Selective analysis of 11 steroidogenic enzymes using microarray demonstrated that only CYP11B2 showed a significantly higher transcript level in APA compared to AAG (P<0.001). In contrast, AKR1C3 (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5), CYP17 (17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase), and CYB5 (cytochrome b5) showed significantly lower transcript level in APA (P<0.05).ConclusionThe transcriptome analysis of APA compared with AAG showed several novel genes that are associated with APA phenotype. This gene list provides new candidates for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms leading to PA.
A role of some food arthropods as vectors of human enteric infections
Authors: Graczyk Zofi , Graczyk Tadeusz , Naprawska Agnieszka 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Arthropods are very important organisms in the environment in relation to transmission of pathogenic infections to humans. The information on transmission of pathogenic infections to people by commercially offered food arthropods is scant. Consumption of seafood is a very popular dietary habit around the world. Whereas shrimp are the most commonly consumed seafood item, crabmeat has recently become a very popular commercial product, specifically for a majority of European countries. The transmission of waterborne protozoan parasites is facilitated by consumption of seafood harvested from contaminated waters, drinking water or via contact with recreational and surface waters, and remains common throughout the developing as well as the developed world. Protozoan infections pose a significant health risk for immunocompetent individuals, and may cause life-threatening diseases among immunocompromised and immunosuppressed individuals. The transmissive stages of human protozoan parasites are small in size and are shed in large numbers in feces of infected people and animals. These pathogens are resistant to environmental stressors (sometimes even to chlorine disinfection), and only a few of them (e.g., Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, or Vibrio bacteria) are able to cause infection in seafood consumers.
Continuous dialysis of sulphuric acid in the presence of zinc sulphate
Authors: Palatý Zdeněk , Bendová Helena 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTransport of sulphuric acid in the presence of zinc sulphate through the anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN (Astom Corporation, Japan) was studied in a two-compartment counter-current dialyzer with single passes at steady state. The following characteristics were used to characterize the dialysis process: recovery yield of acid, rejection coefficient of salt, and permeability coefficient of the membrane. In case of the H2SO4 + ZnSO4 mixture, permeability of the membrane was quantified by four phenomenological coefficients which are functions of acid and salt concentrations in the feed. They were determined by numerical integration of differential equations describing the concentration profiles of both components in both compartments, which was combined with an optimizing procedure.
Soft bottom sublittoral amphipod fauna of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctic
Authors: Jażdżewska Anna 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The present analysis is based on 140 quantitative samples collected from depths of 20 to 500 m in the central basin of Admiralty Bay and its inner shallow area, Ezcurra Inlet. One hundred and twenty species were identified, of which 47 species were new for Admiralty Bay. Mean density of crustaceans decreased with depth. Highest species richness was observed at depths of 50–100 m. Historical data and present investigations revealed distinct differences in the amphipod assemblages at different depths. In the subtidal zone, Gondogeneia antarctica was the dominant species; in the shallow sublittoral (down to ca 50 m) Prostebbingia gracilis and Hippomedon kergueleni played an important role. Below 50 m, the importance of phoxocephalid species increased.
Crustacean communities as food resources for fish in shallow Polesie lakes with contrasting development of submerged macrophytes
Authors: Adamczuk Małgorzata , Kornijów Ryszard 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The aim of the research was to evaluate crustacean forage resources for fish in five shallow lakes varied in respect to species richness and coverage of submerged macrophytes, and thus representing different alternative stable states. The results revealed that lakes with a high or moderate abundance of macrophytes and moderate visibility (macrophyte-dominated Lake Rotcze, phytoplankton-macrophyte dominated lakes Sumin and Głębokie) displayed reach crustacean forage base for fish. Poor feeding conditions were found in two extremely different lakes: turbid phytoplankton-dominated Lake Syczyńskie devoid of macrophytes, and heavily vegetated, clear-water macrophyte-dominated Lake Kleszczów. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
Non-native fish in Belarusian and Polish areas of the European central invasion corridor
Authors: Semenchenko Vitaliy , Grabowska Joanna , Grabowski Michal , Rizevsky Viktor , Pluta Michail 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This is the first comprehensive review to examine the role of the central European invasion corridor on fish introductions into Belarusian and Polish inland waters (Dnieper-Bug-Vistula-Oder-Elbe-Spree-Havel). Historical and recent data were assessed, including the results of a 2003–2008 survey along the Belarusian and Polish sections of the corridor. Since the eighteenth century, at least six fish species of Ponto-Caspian origin have spread via the corridor and migrated westwards to the Baltic basin, with five species found in recent surveys, namely the monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis, round goby N. melanostomus, racer goby N. gymnotrachelus, tubenose goby Proterorhinus marmoratus and the white eye-bream Abramis sapa. Four other non-native species were also found within the corridor — the Amur sleeper Perccottus glenii, gibel carp Carassius gibelio, brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus and the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva. Their presence is related to numerous accidental introductions to many localities in Belarus and Poland, rather than from using the corridor as an invasion route. One species, the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius, has migrated from the Baltic basin to the Black Sea drainage systems.
Diatoms as indicators of eutrophication in the SW part of the Gulf of Gdańsk, the Baltic Sea
Authors: Leśniewska Małgorzata , Witak Małgorzata 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The aim of this study was to reconstruct paleoenvironmental changes of the SW part of the Gulf of Gdańsk. Three subbottom sedimentary cores were analyzed with respect to diatom flora. Post-Littorina Sea assemblages were noticed in the lower parts of the cores, whilst the present-day eutrophication of the gulf was evidenced in their superficial sediments, with high abundance of so-called ‘anthropogenic assemblage’ taxa. Shifts in the species composition might have been caused by intensified nutrient load, increasing organic matter concentrations and possible silica limitation.
Four pathogens found associated with Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae) from Lake Dąbie (Poland)
Authors: Sobecka Ewa , Hajek Grzegorz , Skorupiński Łukasz 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Eriocheir sinensis is a habitat for invertebrates living externally and internally. It may transport native and non-native species to new habitats. Present studies on the Chinese mitten crab from Lake Dąbie add four new taxonomic units to the number of pathogens: Ichthyophonus hoferi, Epistylis sp., Branchiobdella sp. and Digenea gen. sp., which until now have not been found in this host.
In vitro Plant Regeneration from Different Leaf Segments of Verbesina encelioides and Correlation with Endogenous Level of IAA
Authors: Karnawat Monika , Jain Devendra , Singh Abhijeet , Malik C. P. 
Published: January 2011

Variable leaf segments of Verbesina encelioides exhibited different responses when cultured on MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP. With the addition of IAA/NAA to the basal medium completely inhibited the formation and growth of callus. Endogenous content of IAA in the different segments of the leaf when assayed revealed that middle segment had highest level of IAA and apical and basal segments contained lowest contents. A specific correlation existed between the segment and callus formation. Key words: Plant regeneration, leaf segments, Verbesina encelioides D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i2.6914 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(2): 195-201, 2010 (December)
Agrobacterium-mediated Genetic Transformation of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Authors: Islam Mohammad Nurul , Islam Kazi Tariqul 
Published: January 2011

Kew words: Mungbean, Vigna radiata, BINA mug-5,Transformation, nptII, GUS D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i2.6918 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(2): 233-236, 2010 (December) - Short communication
Changes in expression pattern of the teosinte branched1‐like genes in the Zingiberales provide a mechanism for evolutionary shifts in symmetry across the order
Authors: Bartlett Madelaine E. , Specht Chelsea D. 
Published: January 2011

• Premise of the study: Floral symmetry is a trait of key importance when considering floral diversification because it is thought to play a significant role in plant–pollinator interactions. The CYCLOIDEA/TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (CYC/TB1)‐like genes have been implicated in the development and evolution of floral symmetry in numerous lineages. We thus chose to investigate a possible role for these genes in the evolution of floral symmetry within petaloid monocots, using the order Zingiberales as a model system. In the Zingiberales, evolutionary shifts in symmetry have occurred in all floral whorls, making the order ideal for studying the evolution of this ecologically significant trait.• Methods: We analyzed TB1‐like (TBL) genes from taxa spanning the order in a phylogenetic context. Using RNA in situ hybridization, we examined the expression of two TBL genes in Costus spicatus (Costaceae) and Heliconia stricta (Heliconiaceae), taxa with divergent floral symmetry patterns.• Key results: We identified Zingiberales‐specific gene duplications as well as a duplication in the TBL gene lineage that predates the diversification of commelinid monocots. Shifts in TBL gene expression were associated with evolutionary shifts in floral symmetry and stamen abortion. ZinTBL1a expression was found in the posterior (adaxial) staminode of H. stricta and in the abaxial staminodial labellum of C. spicatus. ZinTBL2 expression was strongest in the anterior (abaxial) sepals of H. stricta and in the adaxial fertile stamen of C. spicatus.• Conclusions: This study adds to the growing body of evidence that CYC/TB1‐like genes have been repeatedly recruited throughout the course of evolution to generate bilateral floral symmetry (zygomorphy).
Frequency and susceptibility pattern of metallo-beta-lactamase producers in a hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Kaleem Fatima , Usman Javaid , Hassan Afreenish , Khan Aslam 
Published: January 2011

Introduction: The rapid spread of acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) among major Gram-negative pathogens is an emerging threat and a matter of particular concern worldwide. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted between January and August 2009 in the department of Microbiology, Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, to determine the frequency and susceptibility patterns of MBL-producers among carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative rods (GNRs) from clinical isolates of a tertiary care hospital. All clinical samples were processed according to standard microbiological methods. Isolated GNRs were subjected to susceptibility testing against various antibiotics by disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were subjected to the detection of MBL production by the E-test MBL strip method. Results: Out of 50 carbapenem resistant isolates, 39 (78%) of were confirmed to be MBL producers by the E-strip method. Acinetobacter baumannii were the most frequent MBL producers, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 19 (37%) of the MBL producers were susceptible to cefoperazone-sulbactam. Conclusion: The findings strongly suggest that there is a need to track the detection of MBL producers and that judicious use of carbapenems is necessary to prevent the further spread of these organisms.
Study of a novel method to assist in early reporting of sepsis from the microbiology laboratory
Authors: Barman Purabi , Sengupta Sharmila , Singh Shefali 
Published: January 2011

Introduction: Microbiology laboratories must provide accurate blood culture reports with rapid turnaround time (TAT) to effectively manage patients with sepsis. In this study three methods are compared for reporting blood culture results: a manual method that included use of a serum separator tube (SST), the conventional manual, and an automated method for identification and susceptibility (ID/AST). Methodology: Broth from positive blood culture bottles was added to an SST and then centrifuged. The pellet obtained was used to directly inoculate biochemical tests for identification and agar plates for AST on the first day of positivity. Biochemicals and AST plates were read the next day and final results reported on the second day at 24 hours. For conventional disk diffusion testing, the newly positive blood culture broth was also inoculated on solid media on the first day and incubated overnight. The next day AST by was performed as well as biochemical tests from pure colonies. These colonies were also used to inoculate panels for ID/AST using the automated MicroScan 40SI System. These results were recorded on the third day and results reported at 48 hours. Results: The study included 851 samples Out of 106 (12.4%) positive blood cultures, 102 were included in the study; Comparison of the 3 methods showed good correlation. Identification was correctly reported in 95 (93.1%) isolates. The overall AST error rate was 3.8%, Conclusions: The use of SST and direct from pellet inoculation reduced TAT for identification and AST results between 18 and 24 hours.
Comparative Genome Annotation Systems
Authors: Choi Kwangmin , Kim Sun 
Published: January 2011

Understanding the genetic content of a genome is a very important but challenging task. One of the most effective methods to annotate a genome is to compare it to the genomes that are already sequenced and annotated. This chapter is to survey systems that can be used for annotating genomes by comparing multiple genomes and discusses important issues in designing genome comparison systems such as extensibility, scalability, reconfigurability, flexibility, usability, and data mining functionality. We also discuss briefly further issues in developing genome comparison systems where users can perform genome comparison flexibly on the sequence analysis level.
Metabolic Stress Boosts Humoral Responses In Vivo Independently of Inflammasome and Inflammatory Reaction
Authors: Andris Fabienne , Denanglaire Sébastien , Baus Erika , Rongvaux Anthony , Steuve Jonathan , Flavell Richard A. , Leo Oberdan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Adjuvant formulations boost humoral responses by acting through several, yet incompletely elucidated pathways. In this study, we show that oligomycin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR) enhances Ab production when coinjected with T cell-dependent Ags. Oligomycin and AICAR lead to intracellular ATP reduction, suggesting that metabolic stress could be sensed by immune cells and leads to increased humoral responses. AICAR promotes IL-4 and IL-21 by naive Th cells but does not affect dendritic cell activation/maturation in vitro or in vivo. Accordingly, the adjuvant effect of AICAR or oligomycin does not require MyD88 or caspase-1 expression in vivo. Because AICAR is well tolerated in humans, this compound could represent a novel and safe adjuvant promoting humoral responses in vivo with a minimal reactogenicity.
Th17 Cells Expressing KIR3DL2+ and Responsive to HLA-B27 Homodimers Are Increased in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Bowness Paul , Ridley Anna , Shaw Jacqueline , Chan Antoni T. , Wong-Baeza Isabel , Fleming Myles , Cummings Fraser , McMichael Andrew , Kollnberger Simon 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
CD4 Th cells producing the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 (Th17) have been implicated in a number of inflammatory arthritides including the spondyloarthritides. Th17 development is promoted by IL-23. Ankylosing spondylitis, the most common spondyloarthritis (SpA), is genetically associated with both HLA-B27 (B27) and IL-23R polymorphisms; however, the link remains unexplained. We have previously shown that B27 can form H chain dimers (termed B272), which, unlike classical HLA-B27, bind the killer-cell Ig-like receptor KIR3DL2. In this article, we show that B272-expressing APCs stimulate the survival, proliferation, and IL-17 production of KIR3DL2+ CD4 T cells. KIR3DL2+ CD4 T cells are expanded and enriched for IL-17 production in the blood and synovial fluid of patients with SpA. Despite KIR3DL2+ cells comprising a mean of just 15% of CD4 T in the peripheral blood of SpA patients, this subset accounted for 70% of the observed increase in Th17 numbers in SpA patients compared with control subjects. TCR-stimulated peripheral blood KIR3DL2+ CD4 T cell lines from SpA patients secreted 4-fold more IL-17 than KIR3DL2+ lines from controls or KIR3DL2− CD4 T cells. Strikingly, KIR3DL2+ CD4 T cells account for the majority of peripheral blood CD4 T cell IL-23R expression and produce more IL-17 in the presence of IL-23. Our findings link HLA-B27 with IL-17 production and suggest new therapeutic strategies in ankylosing spondylitis/SpA.
B Lymphocytes Differentially Influence Acute and Chronic Allograft Rejection in Mice
Authors: DiLillo David J. , Griffiths Robert , Seshan Surya V. , Magro Cynthia M. , Ruiz Phillip , Coffman Thomas M. , Tedder Thomas F. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The relative contributions of B lymphocytes and plasma cells during allograft rejection remain unclear. Therefore, the effects of B cell depletion on acute cardiac rejection, chronic renal rejection, and skin graft rejection were compared using CD20 or CD19 mAbs. Both CD20 and CD19 mAbs effectively depleted mature B cells, and CD19 mAb treatment depleted plasmablasts and some plasma cells. B cell depletion did not affect acute cardiac allograft rejection, although CD19 mAb treatment prevented allograft-specific IgG production. Strikingly, CD19 mAb treatment significantly reduced renal allograft rejection and abrogated allograft-specific IgG development, whereas CD20 mAb treatment did not. By contrast, B cell depletion exacerbated skin allograft rejection and augmented the proliferation of adoptively transferred alloantigen-specific CD4+ T cells, demonstrating that B cells can also negatively regulate allograft rejection. Thereby, B cells can either positively or negatively regulate allograft rejection depending on the nature of the allograft and the intensity of the rejection response. Moreover, CD19 mAb may represent a new approach for depleting both B cells and plasma cells to concomitantly impair T cell activation, inhibit the generation of new allograft-specific Abs, or reduce preexisting allograft-specific Ab levels in transplant patients.