bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Would You Barter with God? Why Holy Debts and Not Profane Markets Created Money
Authors: SEMENOVA ALLA 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAttempting to revitalize the substantive approach to economics in the tradition of K. Polanyi, this paper revives the neglected substantive theory of money's origins by Bernhard Laum and thus disputes the formal approaches that see the origins of money in the context of trade. A wide range of evidence, from archeological to etymological, is utilized to demonstrate that relations between men and God, carried out through the intermediary of state‐religious authorities, played a causal role in the genesis of the ox‐unit of value and account, and, further, in the origins of money, and, subsequently, coinage. The substantive state‐religious approach presented in this paper is also compared and contrasted to the Chartalist perspective on money's origins. It is concluded that the substantive approach presented in this paper differs from the more formal approaches (e.g., Metallism) because it does not rely upon a projection of modern institutions and habits of thought (e.g., a medium of exchange; monetary taxation) into ancient societies.
Morgenstern's Forgotten Contribution: A Stab to the Heart of Modern Economics
Authors: BAGUS PHILIPP 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn contrast to physics, there is no estimate of statistical error within economics in spite of Oskar Morgenstern's book On the Accuracy of Economic Observation. The problem of error in economic observations is still a widely neglected problem. The various sources of error that come into play in the social sciences suggest that the error in economic observations is substantial. As the error might be substantial, this paper argues that the usefulness of econometrics becomes questionable.
Facing the Abyss: Hans Urs von Balthasar's Reading of Anxiety
Authors: Cirelli Anthony 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAt the heart of Hans Urs von Balthasar's oeuvre is his preoccupation with the encounter between finite human freedom and infinite divine freedom. While Balthasar's many interpreters have assayed the meaning and implications of this preoccupation, little attention has been given to his consideration of the experiential dimension of the encounter, especially the psychological implications. This essay will address such implications by relating the experience of the encounter to the particular psychological phenomenon of anxiety. It is my conviction that Balthasar clearly identified a correlation between the increasing presence of existential anxiety in modernity with the failure of modern persons to understand rightly the encounter between God and the person. Balthasar's assessment of the relationship between the encounter and anxiety provides his readers with a stimulating and original reading that complements, indeed completes, the philosophical renderings of anxiety provided by his contemporaries. Since the phenomenon of anxiety has not abated, a retrieval of Balthasar's work on the subject is both warranted and timely.
The Shape of the History of the Eucharist
Authors: O'Donoghue Neil Xavier 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMany authors are hesitant to speak of the Eucharist in the pre-Nicene period and some modern scholarship has attempted to cast doubt on the traditional view that Christ instituted the Eucharist at the Last Supper. This article examines contemporary liturgical studies on the early history of the Eucharist. In light of this it proposes that the traditional view is still the only possibility for an authentic Catholic theology and that liturgical history is, in fact, part of the discipline of Church history that cannot be confused with secular methods of the historical sciences. In this sense, the history of the Eucharist and its later developments must be studied in a manner that acknowledges Providence and the work of the Holy Spirit in the history of the Church. In particular the crystallization of the early “shape” of the liturgy must be understood to be a fundamental element of the divine institution of the Church and not merely a chance selection of one tradition of Eucharistic worship from many equally valid options.
The Impact of OAB on Sexual Health in Men and Women: Results from EpiLUTS
Authors: Coyne Karin S. , Sexton Chris C. , Thompson Christine , Kopp Zoe S. , Milsom Ian , Kaplan Steven A. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prior research suggests that overactive bladder (OAB) is common and adversely affects sexuality in both men and women. However, more data are needed from population-based studies to evaluate the impact OAB on sexual health.

Aim
To describe sexual health outcomes in men and women with continent and incontinent OAB (C-OAB, I-OAB) compared to those with no/minimal urinary symptoms (NMS) and to evaluate correlates of decreased sexual activity and enjoyment in men and women, and correlates of erectile dysfunction (ED), ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD), and premature ejaculation (PE) in men.

Methods
A cross-sectional, population-representative survey was conducted via the Internet in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and United States. OAB was assessed via a questionnaire based on current International Continence Society definitions. Descriptive statistics were used to compare outcomes for those with I-OAB, C-OAB and NMS, and logistic regressions were used to evaluate predictors of sexual functioning.

Main Outcome Measures
Participants responding to the sexual health portion of the survey were asked questions about sexual activity and satisfaction. Other outcomes included two domains from the Abbreviated Sexual Function Questionnaire, the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function, and questions assessing EjD and PE.

Results
Survey response was 59.2%; 6,326 men and 8,085 women participated in the sexual health portion of the survey. Across outcomes, I-OAB and C-OAB were associated with worse sexual health as compared to those with NMS. Logistic regressions showed that those with I-OAB and C-OAB were significantly (P &lt;0.0001) more likely to report diminished sexual activity and enjoyment of sex. I-OAB and C-OAB were also significant predictors of ED and EjD in men, but not PE.

Conclusions
The impact of OAB is evident across domains of sexual health in both men and women. Sexual health should be assessed in men and women presenting with OAB.
Sexual Functioning in Women Using Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems as Compared to Copper Intrauterine Devices
Authors: Enzlin Paul , Weyers Steven , Janssens Dirk , Poppe Willy , Eelen Christa , Pazmany Els , Elaut Els , Amy Jean-Jacques 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There has been little research published on the impact of intrauterine contraceptive (IUC) methods on sexual functioning.

Aims
This study aimed: (i) to assess different aspects of sexual functioning, including the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women using a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS); (ii) to compare this prevalence with that among copper-releasing intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) users; and (iii) to identify the relationship between psychological variables and sexual functioning in women using one of the aforementioned IUCs.

Methods
In a multicenter cross-sectional study, 845 women with an IUC were invited to fill out a questionnaire. The latter was returned by 402 (48%) of them: 353 women were LNG-IUS users (88%) and 49 were Cu-IUD users (12%). The questions asked pertained to depression, well-being, marital relation quality, and sexual functioning.

Main Outcome Measures
Sexual functioning was measured with the Short Sexual Functioning Scale.

Results
One-third of LNG-IUS users (33%) reported a sexual dysfunction. Of those, 20% reported an increased sexual desire, 25% a decreased sexual desire, 5% arousal problems, and 8% orgasm problems. Women using a LNG-IUS did not differ significantly in distribution, type, or prevalence (32.9% vs. 36.7%) of sexual dysfunction, nor in depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory score; 4.7 vs. 3.9; P = 0.33), general well-being (WHO-5 well-being scale score; 16.8 vs. 17.7; P = 0.170), or partner relationship quality (Dyadic Adjustment Scale score; 107 vs. 108; P = 0.74) compared to Cu-IUD users. Overall, the perceived influence of IUCs on sexual functioning was in the lower range and did not differentiate LNG-IUS greatly from Cu-IUD-users.

Conclusion
Women using a LNG-IUS do not differ from those wearing a Cu-IUD with regard to psychological and sexual functioning. The perceived impact of IUD use on sexuality should not be overestimated.
Penile Prosthesis Surgery in Patients with Corporal Fibrosis: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Martínez-Salamanca Juan I. , Mueller Alexander , Moncada Ignacio , Carballido Joaquin , Mulhall John P. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Penile prosthesis has become one of the most accepted treatment options in patients who do not respond to conservative medical therapies (oral or intracavernous injections). When penile fibrosis is present, this surgery becomes a real surgical challenge even for a skillful surgeon.

Aim
The aim of this study was to review latest techniques to implant a penile prosthesis in patients with corporal fibrosis.

Methods
We performed a systematic search in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, SCOPUS, and Science Citation Index without any date limits for the terms: “penile prosthesis,”“penile fibrosis,”“impotence,”“fibrosis,”“cavernotomes,”“downsized prosthesis cylinders,”“patient satisfaction,”“penile graft,” and “vascular graft.”

Main Outcome Measure
We reported in each technique and series data regarding penile size, complication rate, infection rate, technical pitfalls and details, use of additional surgical tools or implanted material (grafts, etc.), patients' satisfaction, and overall success rate.

Results
When penile corporal fibrosis is present, this surgery becomes a real surgical challenge even for a skillful surgeon. Over the years, multiple surgical approaches have been suggested to facilitate implantation in this difficult situation. Traditional approaches include the resection of scar tissue, performing extensive corporotomies and the eventually use of grafts to cover the corporal gap. Outcomes can be improved combining the use of techniques for scar incision (extensive wide excision, multiple incisions minimizing excision, corporal counter incisions, corporal excavation technique or Shaeer's technique) and cavernotomes and downsized prosthesis. Surgical strategies like upsizing prosthesis, suspensory ligament release or scrotoplasty must be kept in mind to utilize in this special scenario.

Conclusions
Penile prosthesis in a patient with severe corporal fibrosis remains a surgical challenge. There are several techniques and surgical strategies that an implant surgeon should know and manage to minimize complications and improve outcomes.
Traction Therapy for Men with Shortened Penis Prior to Penile Prosthesis Implantation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Levine Laurence A. , Rybak James 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Loss of penile length after penile prosthesis implantation is one of the most common complaints. There is no recognized reliable technique to gain length once the device is placed.

Aims
This noncontrolled pilot study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of external penile traction therapy in men with a shortened penis used before inflatable prosthesis implantation.

Methods
Ten men with drug refractory erectile dysfunction and a complaint of a shorter penis as a result of radical prostatectomy in four, prior prosthesis explantation in four, and Peyronie's disease in two were entered into this trial. External penile traction was applied for 2–4 hours daily for 2–4 months prior to prosthesis surgery.

Main Outcome Measures
Baseline stretched penile length (SPL) was compared with post-traction SPL and postimplant inflated erect length. A non-validated questionnaire assessed patient satisfaction.

Results
All men completed the protocol. Daily average device use was 2–4 hours and for up to 4 months. No man had measured or perceived length loss after inflatable penile prosthesis placement. Seventy percent had measured erect length gain compared with baseline pre-traction SPL up to 1.5 cm. There were no adverse events.

Conclusion
External traction therapy appears to result in a preservation of penile length, as no man had measured or perceived length loss following prosthesis placement, but in fact, a small length gain was noted in 70% of the subjects with no adverse events. The protocol is tedious and requires compliance to be effective. External traction therapy prior to inflatable penile prosthesis placement appears to preserve and possibly result in increased post-prosthesis implant erect length.
Effect of Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation and Refrigerated Storage on Quality of Rainbow Trout Fillets
Authors: Kamireddy N. , Jittinandana S. , Kenney P.B. , Slider S.D. , Kiser R.A. , Mazik P.M. , Hankins J.A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Rainbow trout were fed a low vitamin E (200 mg/kg; LVE) or a high vitamin E (5000 mg/kg; HVE) diet for 9 wk to characterize the effect of vitamin E supplementation at 5000 mg/kg on fillet quality. Fish were sampled at 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 wk of the trial. Fillets were stored at 2 °C for 0, 7, and 14 d, and analyzed for pH, psychrotrophic counts, color, cook yield, shear force, crude fat and moisture content, α‐tocopherol, fatty acid composition, and lipid oxidation. There was a significant feeding duration by fillet storage time interaction for psychrotrophic counts, crude fat content, cook yield, and shear force. Fillet L* value was not affected by diet, feeding duration or storage time. Fillet a* was lowest at 14‐d storage, and b* values increased with fillet storage time. High vitamin E diet increased fillet α‐tocopherol from 33 to 155 mg/kg. High vitamin E decreased palmitic acid and increased linoleic acid and omega‐6 fatty acids. Feeding through 9 wk increased the relative proportions of unsaturated, polyunsaturated, and omega‐3 fatty acids, and decreased saturated and omega‐6 fatty acids. At 0‐d storage, HVE diet did not affect thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) at any sampling week, and fasted fish generated fewer TBARS compared to non‐fasted fish.Practical Application:  Preharvest, dietary manipulation increases vitamin E in trout fillets and affects fatty acid composition. Storage stability depends on careful handling.
Effect of Thermal and High‐Pressure Processing on the Nutritional Value and Quality Attributes of a Nectarine Purée with Industrial Origin during the Refrigerated Storage
Authors: García‐Parra Jesús , González‐Cebrino Francisco , Delgado Jonathan , Lozano Mercedes , Hernández Teresa , Ramírez Rosario 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  The application of hydrostatic high pressure on an industrial line of nectarine (Prunus persica L.) purées was assessed in comparison with the traditional thermal treatment of pasteurization. Changes after thermal processing (85 °C, 5 min) and after high‐pressure processing (HPP: 450 or 600 MPa for 5 or 10 min) and during the refrigerated storage (60 d) of an industrially produced nectarine purée were evaluated. Conventional heat pasteurization as well as HPP showed similar microorganisms’ inactivation and maintained the microbial stability of purées until the end of the refrigerated storage (60 d). In general, thermally treated purée and HP‐treated purée at 600 MPa showed more intense color changes after processing than the other treatment. In addition, thermally treated purée showed more intense color changes during storage than HPP. The highest carotenoids extractability was found in those purées treated at the lowest high‐pressure‐treatment intensity and holding time (450 MPa/5 min), but at the end of the storage (day 60), no differences in individual or total carotenoid levels were found between the purées. HPP at 600 MPa/10 min showed the highest polyphenols content after the treatment and during the storage. At day 0, significantly higher values were found of total antioxidant activity in purée HP‐treated at 450 MPa/10 min than in untreated purée; while at the end of the storage, HP‐treated purée at 600 MPa/10 min had the highest antioxidant activity. Hydrostatic high‐pressure application in the industrial line of nectarine purée presented some advantages compared to the thermal treatment; however, some of the changes found were lessen during the storage period. In addition, more studies need to be carried out for HP‐treatment intensity optimization.Practical Application:  High‐pressure processing can be an alternative to solve the seasonal accumulation of fruits in the market for the production of better quality food products. However, for the introduction of a new technology, some advantages above the traditional one need to be studied. Few studies have evaluated the application of high‐pressure processing in fruit at industrial conditions.
Fish Protein Decreases Serum Cholesterol in Rats by Inhibition of Cholesterol and Bile Acid Absorption
Authors: Hosomi Ryota , Fukunaga Kenji , Arai Hirofumi , Kanda Seiji , Nishiyama Toshimasa , Yoshida Munehiro 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Fish protein has been shown to decrease serum cholesterol content by inhibiting absorption of cholesterol and bile acid in laboratory animals, though the mechanism underlying this effect is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the inhibition of cholesterol and bile acid absorption following fish protein intake. Male Wistar rats were divided into 2 dietary groups of 7 rats each, 1 group receiving a diet consisting of 20% casein and the other receiving a diet consisting of 10% casein and 10% fish protein. Both experimental diets also contained 0.5% cholesterol and 0.1% sodium cholate. After the rats had been on their respective diets for 4 wk, their serum and liver cholesterol contents and fecal cholesterol, bile acid, and nitrogen excretion contents were measured. Fish protein consumption decreased serum and liver cholesterol content and increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion and simultaneously increased fecal nitrogen excretion. In addition, fish protein hydrolyzate prepared by in vitro digestion had lower micellar solubility of cholesterol and higher binding capacity for bile acids compared with casein hydrolyzate. These results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect of fish protein is mediated by increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion, which is due to the digestion products of fish protein having reduced micellar solubility of cholesterol and increased bile acid binding capacity.Practical Application:  Fish protein decreased serum and liver cholesterol content and increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion and simultaneously increased fecal nitrogen excretion. In addition, fish protein hydrolyzate prepared by in vitro digestion had lower micellar solubility of cholesterol and higher binding capacity for bile acids compared with casein hydrolyzate. These results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect of fish protein is mediated by increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion, which is due to the reduced micellar solubility of cholesterol and increased bile acid binding capacity of the digestion products of fish protein. Fish protein intake is effective for improving blood cholesterol level and may have a beneficial effect for hypercholesterolemia patients. We conclude that a highly functional alternative diet could be recommended for such patients as a means of promoting health, based on the results of this study.
Genotypic Variation and Relationships between Quality Traits and Trace Elements in Traditional and Improved Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes
Authors: Anandan A. , Rajiv G. , Eswaran R. , Prakash M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  In this study, we assessed the extent of genotypic differences among rice genotypes for grain size, milling quality, cooking properties, protein, and the mineral contents of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu in unpolished rice varieties. Further, relationship among grain quality traits and mineral contents was determined. The results showed that the visible difference could be found in the mineral contents among rice genotypes studied. The contents of Fe and Zn in traditional genotypes were significantly higher than those of improved cultivars. There was a negative correlation between grain yield and mineral contents. However, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu contents appeared to be positively correlated. The relationships between mineral element contents and cooking quality traits viz., kernel length after cooking and kernel linear elongation ratio were positively correlated, indicated the role of micronutrients in cooking quality traits. Both Fe and Cu contents were correlated positively and significantly with head rice recovery. The eigen values of 1st 6 principal components (PC) were > 1.0. The present study suggests that breeding for high minerals will be probably realistic.Practical Application:  The identified micronutrient rich rice genotypes could be used among malnourished children to improve their health. Further, it could be utilized to identify QTLs for iron, zinc, manganese, and copper elements.
Use of Mucor miehei Lipase to Improve Functional Properties of Yolk‐Contaminated Egg Whites
Authors: Macherey Laura N. , Conforti Frank D. , Eigel III William , O’Keefe Sean F. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Egg yolk contamination of egg whites continues to be a serious problem in the egg industry. The ability of egg whites to form stable and voluminous foams is greatly inhibited by yolk contamination, even at very low levels, between 0.01% and 0.2% w/w yolk in white. Experiments were conducted to determine if Mucor miehei lipase could regenerate the functional properties of yolk‐contaminated egg whites. Lipase from M. miehei and colipase from porcine pancreas were added to yolk‐contaminated (0.2%, w/w) egg white samples to hydrolyze triglycerides originating from egg yolk. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triacylglycerols was confirmed using thin‐layer chromatography. Treatment of yolk‐contaminated samples with lipase and colipase yielded significant (P < 0.05) improvements in a number of the functional properties, including the final foam volume, foam capacity, and foaming power. These functional properties showed complete restoration to control levels. However, foam stability and foam drainage levels were not statistically different from yolk‐contaminated samples that had not been enzymatically treated. Enzyme‐treated yolk‐contaminated egg whites were also tested in angel food cakes. Enzyme‐treated, yolk‐contaminated egg whites performed similarly to non‐yolk‐contaminated control, and much better than yolk‐contaminated sample in angel food cakes. The results show that most negative effects of yolk contamination can be reversed by treatment with Mucor miehei lipase and colipase.Practical Application:  The negative effects of egg yolk contamination in egg whites on the functional properties foam volume, foam capacity, and foaming power can be reversed by treatment with Mucor miehei lipase and porcine colipase. Improvement is also seen in angel food cakes prepared with contaminated egg whites treated with lipase and colipase.