bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P01-308-Pervasive developmental disorders and inpatient admission in adolescents: Psychiatric co-morbidity and challenges in clinical and community interventions
Authors: Khan F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCo-morbidity is to be expected in autistic spectrum disorders directly or indirectly (1). 65% of children and adolescents with Asperger's suffer from an additional psychiatric disorder (2). Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis is a serious problem, and the average age at diagnosis of Aspergers is several years later than for autism (3).A small yet significant number of offenders with autism who engage in illegal behaviour find themselves socially excluded or detained in secure provisions for prolonged periods(4).AimsWider understanding of factors leading to inpatient admission in young people with Pervasive developmental disorder.Early detection and management of mental disorder and risks, in order to meet complex needs in community.ObjectivesInnovative and comprehensive assessment of mental health, psychological and social needs.Risk assessment and management shared by multidisciplinary team and Community teams.MethodRetrospective case notes study of 11 patients admitted over 2 years.Results81.8% presented with risk to others.54.5% had diagnosis of ASD on admission. 36.3% had forensic history. Average age of diagnosis was 14 years. 18.1%were misdiagnosed.ConclusionThe review confirms that misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis remains a problem. Also co-morbid substance misuse and risk taking behaviour get admitted to secure inpatient units. Inpatient assessment can in significant number of cases divert trajectory away from criminal justice system.
P01-309-The effects of the triple p- positive parenting program to on school-age children with adhd
Authors: Khodabakhshi Koolaee A. , Shahi A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood affecting approximately 3—5% of school age children (American Psychiatric Association). Some parent training in AD/HD is known to reduce external behaviors in theses children. One of them is Triple P (Sanders, 1999).AimsThe goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the group positive parenting program (Triple p) on reduce to externalizing behaviors of children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Iranian families.MethodsRandomized controlled trial in Iran with 22 mothers of children with AD/HD, of whom 10 received program, 12 group control. For carried out this research, authors were design the intervention program. The methodology of this study was quasi- experimental design with control group. Data were collected by child behavior checklist (CBCL) that reported by parents.FindingsResults indicated that children's externalizing behaviors significantly reduced after training in triple p group.ConclusionTriple p- positive parenting program could be applied with pharmacotherapy as a supplement treatment in reduce and control of disruptive behaviors of children with ADHD.
Obesity in children with high-function autism
Authors: Kordi R. , Memari A.H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionChildhood obesity is a major issue and puts children at risk of physical and psychological health complications. Some studies have evaluated obesity in autism in different countries. However there is few data on the rate of obesity in high-function autism (HFA).AimTo evaluate the weight status of children with HFA in IranMethodsThis cross-sectional survey was carried out in autism specific schools of Tehran in 2010. In total 113 children with HFA ages 6–15 were evaluated. They were classified according to WHO references (2007) for body mass index (BMI) for age and sex as obese, overweight, healthy weight and underweight. We then examined the associations of weight status of these children with some variables and comorbodities.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity in children with HFA was 27.0%, overweight 13.0% and underweight 7.0%. There was a significant correlation between age and BMI (r = 0.26, Pvalue < 0.01). Underweight was associated with neurologic comorbidities (p < 0.05). The rate of obesity has not correlated with some other medical and psychiatric comorbidities, as well as sex, and parents’ weight status.ConclusionsPrevalence of obesity in autistic children with high intelligence profile is high and at the same levels of both normal children and children with autistic spectrum disorders.
Clinical results of a scientific medical association - therapeutic center (A.P.P.A.C.) during the last two years (2007 – 2009)
Authors: Kouros J. , Kotta D. , Tsochandari R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe A.P.P.A.C. has created, through years, a significant data base of clinical results derived from the systematic approach of a wide range of psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current state of psychiatric diseases and associated parameters with social impact.MethodData was obtained from the Association of Psychology & Psychiatry for Adults & Children (A.P.P.A.C.) from January 2007 until December 2009. A sample N = 219 patients has been studied during the last 2 years. The mean age of patients was 35 years. Statistic analysis is based on z-criterion as well as X2-test.ResultsP-values of 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. 20% of the patients were diagnosed with 2 psychiatric diseases, 70% of widowers have been suffered from depression. 37,84% of patients with depression have hereditary predisposition. Therapeutic interventions to patients were made using psychotherapy, medication or both. The analogy of psychotherapy to medication is almost 1:2, while in 18.75% of the patients, who needed drug treatment, psychotherapy was mandatory. Finally, our study indicated that sex (females versus males) and hereditary predisposition are significant factors for depression in comparison to other psychiatric diseases.
Signs of nutrition in ADHD children
Authors: Kuzelova H. , Ptacek R. , Papezova H. 
Published: May 2011

According to current studies and clinical practice ADHD children show probable changes in growth and development, mainly in signs of nutrition. ADHD can be associated with higher predisposition to obesity, higher values of signs of nutrition, as body mass index or higher value of fat. Growth and weight changes in ADHD children are usually described in connection to stimulants use, the most common medication of the disorder. However, present research confirmed that these changes could be more typical for the disorder than for the treatment. These characteristics are considered to be directly connected with the disorder.The presented study compared anthropometric characteristics - mainly signs of nutrition - skin folds, abdominal circumference, in medicated and non-medicated ADHD boys (n = 104, age 4–16 years) with the normal non-clinical population. The results of the presented study showed significant differences between children with ADHD and those without the diagnosis. The differences found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01) being signs of nutrition (percentage of fat, abdominal circumference) and also growth suppression (lower body height). Differences between the medicated and non-medicated groups corresponded only to a lower value of body fat in the medicated children.ADHD can higher values of nutrition signs (percentage of fat, abdominal circumference, BMI, weight) in comparison to normal population. It could be caused by specific feeding customs which should be monitored in further studies.
Safety and tolerability of aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder in pediatric patients: Results from a 52-week open-label study
Authors: Landsberg W. , Loze J.-Y. , Lau G. , Manos G. , McQuade R. , Kamen L. , Marcus R. , Mankoski R. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveEvaluate the time-course, severity and resolution patterns of adverse events (AEs) occurring with long-term aripiprazole treatment for irritability associated with autistic disorder.MethodsParticipants were treated with aripiprazole in a 52-week, open-label, flexibly dosed (2–15 mg/day) study. Subjects had either completed one of two 8-week randomised trials or were de novo. AEs with an incidence of ≥10% were evaluated by incidence, peak first onset, severity, percent resolved and time to resolution.ResultsA total of 330 subjects entered open-label treatment; 199 completed 52 weeks. Mean dose for the population stabilised at around 10 mg/day after approximately 4 months. Thirteen AEs had an incidence of ≥10%; most were mild or moderate in severity. Vomiting, diarrhoea and headache had an early first onset and tended to resolve fairly quickly.Sedation, fatigue and insomnia also appeared early and resolved in a majority of cases, but not as quickly. Increased appetite appeared early (followed by increased weight) and fewer weight-related AEs resolved. More than half of the subjects increased their weight by at least one percentile category rank; nevertheless, only a small proportion of subjects with normal baseline metabolic or glucose measures had a treatment-emergent, clinically relevant laboratory abnormality. Nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory infection, cough, nasal congestion and pyrexia all had peak onset at variable times during the study, resolving in nearly all cases, with short time to resolution.ConclusionAEs were mostly mild or moderate and of variable duration. Increased weight was observed.
Therapeutic effect of risperidona inyetable of long evolution in teenagers
Authors: López Marco D. , Consuegra Sánchez R. , Mártinez Pérez I. , Gómez Poveda A. 
Published: May 2011

The pharmacological treatment with oral Risperidona is used for years in infanto-juvenile psychiatry. In many occasions difficulty exists for the fulfillment; well for the appearance of adverse effects or for rejection to the capture or for difficulty of familiar fulfillment.AimsTo expose from the clinical and welfare expectation, the experience with injectable Risperidona of long duration with three cases clinical whose principal diagnosis is of Mental Delay Moderated with alteration of the associate behavior.Material and methodsI marry 1: 14-year-old Teenager of age attended in our CSM for Mental Delay and Disorder of conduct to familiar and school level.CI = 50. It has received diverse antipsychotic and stabilizing treatments of oral form being the discontinuous capture. For one year in treatment with injectable Risperidona 50 mgr/14 days, answering favorably to the treatment, diminishing the conducts heteroagresivas that he was presenting to the beginning.I marry 2: 15-year-old Teenager of age late Mental and disorder of the disturbing behavior with episodes d excitation, irritability and loss of control.Not clinical stabilization with oral treatment for lack of familiar adherence. We introduce injectable Risperidona, 7,5 mgr/14 days, pupil to the family to mint of the importance of the treatment and the facility of administration. It improved the adherence to the center and therefore, clinical improvement.I marry 3: Preadolescente and 13 years and age with compatible symptoms late Mental Moderates do and autistic features with important estereotipias and autoaggressions. For a few months in treatment with Risperidona inyecable 37,5 mgr/14 days with clinical improvement.
Functional change of the auditory cortex related to brain serotonergic neurotransmission in type 1 diabetic adolescents with and without depression
Authors: Manjarrez G. , Herrera R. , Manjarrez J. , Mejenes S. , Hernandez-R J. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether diabetic patients who were depressed present a decrease of brain serotonergic activity compared to diabetic patients without depression or patients with depression but without diabetes. Determination was made with plasma free fraction of l-tryptophan (FFT) and intensity-dependent auditory-evoked potentials (IDAEPs).MethodsThirty seven adolescents were studied (20 type 1 diabetic subjects: 9 with depression, 11 without depression), 9 controls and 8 subjects with only depression. FFT, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, free fatty acids, albumin and IDAEPs were determined.ResultAll diabetic patients showed a significant decrease of FFT. The group diabetic subjects with depression presented a steeper slope of the amplitude-intensity function of N1/P2 component, suggesting a higher reactivity of the auditory cortex in comparison to diabetic subjects without depression, subjects with only depression, and controls. This was associated with lower plasma FFT. Diabetic subjects with depression had a deficiency of metabolic control due to poor treatment adherence.ConclusionsThese findings suggest an enhanced deterioration of brain serotonergic neurotransmission in diabetic subjects with depression with abnormal responses of the auditory cortex. The N1/P2 component of IDAEP is proposed as a noninvasive indicator of brain serotonergic tone that differentiates depressed from nondepressed diabetic patients.
Use of atypical antipsychotics in early onset schizophrenia
Authors: Marin Mayor M. , Martinez Martin N. , Verdura Vizcaino E. , Codesal Julian R.A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionChildhood or Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS), defined as the onset of psychotic symptoms before the thirteenth birthday, represents a rare, clinically severe variant, associated with significant chronic functional impairment and poor response to antipsychotic treatment. Despite of that, in clinical practice, atypical agents have become the treatment of choice in patients with EOS.AimsTo review the different pharmacological strategies, in which an atypical antipsychotic was used in the management of EOS in childhood and adolescence.MethodsWe conducted a literature search of articles related to the use of atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with EOS in the last 20 years from the Medline database.ResultsSeveral atypical antipsychotics, such as Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Aripiprazol and Clozapine were consistently found to reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms in EOS when compared to placebo. Although Clozapine has demonstrated to be more efficacious than other atypical and typical antipsychotics, it remains the medication of last resort due to its profile of side effects. Finally, in general, children and adolescent have a higher risk of extrapyramidal symptoms, akathisia, prolactin elevation, sedation and metabolic effects of atypical antipsychotics than adults.ConclusionsAntipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment of EOS. Randomized controlled trials suggest a trend to superior efficacy for atypical antipsychotics over classic antipsychotic. Children and adolescents trend to be more sensible to antipsychotic side effects. Clinicians should be aware of this problem and be careful when monitoring this type of treatment.
Diabetes type 1 and eating disturbances among child and adolescents
Authors: Marin Mayor M. , Codesal Julian R.A. , Fernandez I. , Verdura Vizcaino E. , Martinez Martin N. , Espin Jaime J.C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDisturbed eating behaviors are a significant health concern among child and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and are generally related to poor glycemic control, ketoacidosis, hospitalization and microvascular complications. Rates of eating problems among youths with DM1 have been reported to be as high as 38%.AimsTo review clinical characteristics, demographic profiles and risk factors for the development of eating disturbances among child and adolescents with DM1.MethodsWe performed a literature research of articles from 1980 until present, in which a Disturbed Eating Behavior appeared comorbid with DM1 in children and adolescents, using Medline database.ResultsAlmost all studies selected report a high prevalence of eating disturbances of child and adolescents with DM1 when compared with healthy pairs. This population trend to develop body image discontent and lower self-esteem. They are more likely to diet, skip meals, and omit insulin. All these practices have been associated with worsening diabetic medical complications and poorer psychological outcome.ConclusionsDue to the high prevalence and severe medical and psychological complications associated with disturbed eating behaviors among pediatric population with DM1, clinicians and school professionals may benefit from specialized training to identify the range of unhealthy weight control behaviors used by youths with DM1. Preventive programs that address disturbed eating behaviors should be provided for adolescents with DM1 in order to reduce the psychological and medical impact of this comorbid situation.
Prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems in children at-risk for learning difficulties
Authors: Mehrotra K. , Ahamad Manzur S. , Ooi Y.P. , Lim C.G. , Fung D.S.S. , Ang R.P. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionStudies have shown that children with learning difficulties are likely to demonstrate a host of shared behavioral and emotional problems that affect their daily functioning.Objectives/AimsThe goal of this study was to examine profiles of behavioral and emotional problems in children at risk for Learning Disorders (LD) and Communication Disorders (COMM), without intellectual disabilities.MethodData on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) of 52 participants (4–12 years old) at-risk for LD and 52 age- and gender- matched participants at-risk for COMM were obtained from the archival records of a local outpatient child psychiatric clinic. For all CBCL scales, T scores ranging from 65 to 69 are in the borderline clinical range, whereas a T score of 70 and above are in the clinical range. T scores of below 65 are considered as non-clinical. For the purposes of this study, a T score of 65 and above for the CBCL syndromes indicated the problem to be of clinical concern.ResultsA total of 51.9% of these children had at least one problem of clinical concern, with Attention Problems (LD: 36.5% vs. COMM: 17.3%), Social Problems (LD: 21.2% vs. COMM: 30.8%), and Withdrawn/Depressed (LD: 23.1% vs. COMM: 26.9%) syndromes being commonly reported. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups on the CBCL syndromes.ConclusionsFindings from the study suggest that children with any form of learning difficulties demonstrate high prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems, suggesting possible comorbidities such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity and Depression.
What about pseudologia fantastica?
Authors: Mesquita J. , Queirós O. , Silva L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPseudologia Fantastica (PF) is an understudied and poorly understood entity, first described by a German psychiatrist in the late 19th century. The terms mythomania and pathological lying are often used interchangeably.ObjectivesIn addition to reviewing the literature around PF and its place nowadays in the current diagnostic system, we report the case of an adolescent female who suffered from PF.MethodsWe describe and analyse a clinical case of PF and make a bibliographic review about this disorder.ResultsTypically, PF has its onset during adolescence and the clinical picture is often very uniform. The central features include a marked tendency to lie that is both quantitatively and qualitatively quite distinct from “normal” lying. Instead of being a goal-directed lie, pseudology lacks an obvious motive and is often more associated with internal motives, which can constitute some kind of gratification on their own.The only diagnosis available in our current diagnosis system that accounts for prominent purposeless deception is the Axis I Factious Disorder diagnosis. Despite this, some Personality Disorders should always be considered as possible comorbidity of PF.ConclusionsWhile cases of PF are thought to be quite rare overall, they have been documented all over the world. There is the need for further case studies and reviews to be published on this issue in order to determine whether PF should be better understood on Axis I or Axis II of our diagnostic system. Greater awareness of its medical, social and legal consequences is mandatory.
Diagnostic criteria and the time of triadic impairment occurrence in autism
Authors: Milacic Vidojevic I. , Dragojevic N. 
Published: May 2011

AimEarly diagnosing of autism is supposed to rely on behavioral patterns that cannot all be manifested in children before older age. It seems that all diagnostic criteria from DSM/IV and ICD/10 do not apply for children under two years of age and are relevant only for children above this age. The aim of our research has been to reveal the timing of occurrence of diagnostically relevant behaviors as noticed by parents of autistic children.MethodThe sample consisted of 105 parents of autistic children. Questionnaire for appraising the behavioral abnormalities of autistic children provided information on the parents estimation at what age their children started to show these abnormalities.ResultsDeficit in social interactions is first to be noticed by parents (at the child's age of 13–37 months). Problems in communication occur later, at age 18.8–49.5 months. Stereotypic behaviors and interests occur at age of 20.2–34.8 months, the most common being: “plays with toys in an unusual way” (90.6%), and “unusual moving of arms” (80%), observed at age of 2–3.ConclusionThe most common parents concern are language difficulties, never mind findings that social deficits are observed first (13–37 months). Diagnostic criteria in psychiatric manuals such as ICD-10 or DSM-IV pay little attention to early manifestations of the disturbance. It seems that accurate diagnosis of autism only exceptionally can be made before age 3–4, mostly because diagnostically relevant behaviors do not occur before that age.
The impact of the efficacy and the safety warnings of antidepressants in the treatment of childhood depression. Changes in patterns of use and scientific evidences
Authors: Palanca Maresca I. , Fernández Mayo L. , Morant Ginestar C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionChildhood depression is a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in this population. Although antidepressants are used frequently for the treatment of this disorder, there has been recent controversy about their efficacy and safety in this population.ObjectiveProviding updated information from the scientific point of view on some burning issues in relation to the prescription of antidepressants in childhood depression.MethodsIt has been made a review of the recent studies which have been published about the safety and efficacy of antidepressants, and the consequences of the warnings given by Regulatory Agencies on health care professionals to prescribe antidepressants for children.ResultsImpact of Safety Warnings: there has been a decrease in prescribing antidepressants and an increased suicide in this population since the FDA and EMA warnings announced an increased risk of suicide with pediatric antidepressant agents versus placebo. This is not possible to extract it because of causal relations. Effectiveness: nine of the sixteen controlled trials published between 1990 and 2010 provide evidence of effectiveness versus placebo in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in pediatric population (three for fluoxetine, two for sertraline, one for citalopram, two for escitalopram, and one for venlafaxine).ConclusionsThe antidepressant studies in children and adolescents have significant and methodological limitations that prevent getting conclusive findings. It is required further studies to determine which subgroups of patients and what drugs there have a risk / benefit ratio favorable, because no treatment can lead to serious damage in depressed children and adolescents.