bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of radiological alveolar pneumonia in children with high rates of hospitalized respiratory infections: Comparison of WHO‐defined and pediatric pulmonologist diagnosis in the clinical context
Authors: O'Grady Kerry‐Ann F. , Torzillo Paul J. , Ruben Alan R. , Taylor‐Thomson Debbie , Valery Patricia C. , Chang Anne B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundA reliable standardized diagnosis of pneumonia in children has long been difficult to achieve. Clinical and radiological criteria have been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), however, their generalizability to different populations is uncertain. We evaluated WHO defined chest radiograph (CXRs) confirmed alveolar pneumonia in the clinical context in Central Australian Aboriginal children, a high risk population, hospitalized with acute lower respiratory illness (ALRI).MethodsCXRs in children (aged 1–60 months) hospitalized and treated with intravenous antibiotics for ALRI and enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Vitamin A/Zinc supplementation were matched with data collected during a population‐based study of WHO‐defined primary endpoint pneumonia (WHO‐EPC). These CXRs were reread by a pediatric pulmonologist (PP) and classified as pneumonia‐PP when alveolar changes were present. Sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) for clinical presentations were compared between WHO‐EPC and pneumonia‐PP.ResultsOf the 147 episodes of hospitalized ALRI, WHO‐EPC was significantly less commonly diagnosed in 40 (27.2%) compared to pneumonia‐PP (difference 20.4%, 95% CI 9.6–31.2, P < 0.001). Clinical signs on admission were poor predictors for both pneumonia‐PP and WHO‐EPC; the sensitivities of clinical signs ranged from a high of 45% for tachypnea to 5% for fever + tachypnea + chest‐indrawing. The PPV range was 40–20%, respectively. Higher PPVs were observed against the pediatric pulmonologist's diagnosis compared to WHO‐EPC.ConclusionsWHO‐EPC underestimates alveolar consolidation in a clinical context. Its use in clinical practice or in research designed to inform clinical management in this population should be avoided. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:386–392. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zfp281 Functions as a Transcriptional Repressor for Pluripotency of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Fidalgo Miguel , Shekar P. Chandra , Ang Yen-Sin , Fujiwara Yuko , Orkin Stuart H. , Wang Jianlong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from preimplantation blastocysts have unique self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties that are controlled by key components of a core regulatory network including Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. Understanding molecular underpinnings of these properties requires identification and characterization of additional factors that act in conjunction with these key factors in ESCs. We have previously identified Zfp281, a Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor, as an interaction partner of Nanog. We now present detailed functional analyses of Zfp281 using a genetically ablated null allele in mouse ESCs. Our data show that while Zfp281 is dispensable for establishment and maintenance of ESCs, it is required for their proper differentiation in vitro. We performed microarray profiling in combination with previously published datasets of Zfp281 global target gene occupancy and found that Zfp281 mainly functions as a repressor to restrict expression of many stem cell pluripotency genes. In particular, we demonstrated that deletion of Zfp281 resulted in upregulation of Nanog at both the transcript and protein levels with concomitant compromised differentiation of ESCs during embryoid body culture. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that Zfp281 is required for Nanog binding to its own promoter, suggesting that Nanog-associated repressive complex(es) involving Zfp281 may fine-tune Nanog expression for pluripotency of ESCs.
Community‐based Evaluation of Laparoscopic versus Open Simple Closure of Perforated Peptic Ulcers
Authors: Kuwabara Kazuaki , Matsuda Shinya , Fushimi Kiyohide , Ishikawa Koichi B. , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Fujimori Kenji 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have advocated laparoscopic simple closure (LSC) as the treatment of choice for perforated peptic ulcer disease (PUD). However, there has been no comprehensive community‐based evaluation of the advantages of using LSC over open simple closure (OSC). Using an administrative database, we evaluated LSC versus OSC for patients with perforated ulcers.MethodsFrom 6,334 patients with perforated ulcers, we identified 2,909 simple closure cases between 2006 and 2010. Study variables were demographics, mortality, co‐morbidities, complications, ulcer location, surgical timing, blood transfusion, postoperative ventilation, operating room (OR) time, time to resumption of oral food intake, length of stay (LOS), and total charges. After matching patient baseline variables between OSC and LSC, we performed multivariate analyses to assess the impacts of LSC on mortality, complications, and ventilation administration.ResultsA total of 2,073 OSC cases and 836 LSC cases were identified in 670 hospitals. Younger age, duodenal ulcer, and pre‐existing PUD were indicators for selection of LSC. Matching analysis indicated a correlation between LSC and lower mortality, less frequent postoperative and overall blood transfusion, shorter LOS, earlier return to oral intake, and longer OR time. There was no difference between OSC and LSC in complication rate or mortality. Longer OR time was correlated with a higher complication rate and the need for ventilation, the latter of which was independently associated with an increase in mortality.ConclusionsBecause longer OR time was associated with more frequent complications and ventilation, surgeons should obtain the skills and strategies necessary to accomplish LSC without extending OR time improperly.
Effect of the level and type of starchy concentrate on tissue lipid metabolism, gene expression and milk fatty acid secretion in Alpine goats receiving a diet rich in sunflower-seed oil
Authors: Bernard L. , Leroux C. , Rouel J. , Bonnet M. , Chilliard Y. 
Published: August 2011

The potential benefits on human health have prompted an interest in developing nutritional strategies for reducing saturated and increasing specific unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in ruminant milk. The impact of the level and type of starchy concentrate added to diets supplemented with sunflower-seed oil on caprine milk FA composition and on mammary, omental and perirenal adipose, and liver lipid metabolism was examined in fourteen Alpine goats in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with 21 d experimental periods. Treatments were a grass hay-based diet with a high level of forage (F) or a high level of concentrate with either maize grain (CM) or flattened wheat (CW) as source of starch and supplemented with 130 g/d sunflower-seed oil. Milk yield was enhanced (P < 0·01) and milk fat content was decreased on the CM and CW diets compared with the F diet, resulting in similar milk fat secretion. Both high-concentrate diets increased (P < 0·05) milk yield of 10 : 0-16 : 0 and decreasedtrans-9,11-18 : 1 andcis-9,trans-11-18 : 2. The CW diet decreased (P < 0·05) the output of Σ C18 and Σ cis-18 : 1 and increased (P < 0·05) the output oftrans-10-18 : 1 in milk. The expression and/or activity of fourteen proteins involved in the major lipogenic pathways in mammary tissues and of lipogenic genes in adipose and liver tissues were similar among treatments. In conclusion, high starch concentrates alter milk FA yield via mechanisms independent of changes in mammary, liver or adipose tissue lipogenic gene expression. Furthermore, data provided indications that mammary lipogenic responses to starch-rich diets differ between caprine and bovine ruminants.
Mothers respond differently to infants' familiar versus non-familiar verbal imitations
Authors: OLSON JANET , MASUR ELISE FRANK 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTMothers' verbal responses to their infants' spontaneous imitations of familiar and non-familiar words during naturally occurring interactions were examined in a longitudinal sample observed at 1 ; 1, 1 ; 5 and 1 ; 9. Maternal responses to both familiar and non-familiar imitations exhibited structural characteristics likely to be facilitative of early word learning, including shorter and single-word utterances and reproductions of imitated words in sentence-final position. Mothers also responded differentially to infants' non-familiar versus familiar imitations. Mothers produced more return imitations and more exact repetitions, providing an extra exemplar, following infants' imitations of non-familiar words. The familiar words infants imitated were more likely to receive the more complex expanded and reduced+expanded return imitations. Results suggest mothers' responses to infants' verbal imitations could serve as a mechanism for facilitating language acquisition.
Mania and Thought Disorder in a Ten-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Petot Djaouida 
Published: August 2011

L’indice de schizophrénie défini par Exner (1993) est parfois positif chez des enfants français sans que rien ne justifie le diagnostic correspondant. Ce phénomène concerne généralement des enfants âgés de moins de six ans. Cependant, après cet âge, nous ne l’avons trouvé que chez des enfants effectivement schizophrènes ou maniaques. Est-ce à dire que l’indice de schizophrénie peut être également révélateur de manie? On sait que cet indice comprend six items, dont quatre concernent l’exactitude perceptive et deux les cotations spéciales. Il n’est pas étonnant que les enfants maniaques, dont l’approche du stimulus est perturbée par de graves fluctuations de l’attention, donnent des réponses de mauvaise qualité formelle. Il est plus surprenant qu’on puisse également trouver chez ces enfants des cotations spéciales qui sont traditionnellement associées à la notion de troubles du cours de la pensée, qu’on rapporte ordinairement à la schizophrénie. L’étude des deux protocoles donnés à deux ans de distance par un garçon examiné d’abord pour hyperkinésie, puis revu alors qu’il présentait un état maniaque, permet d’illustrer le phénomène d’un indice de schizophrénie positif chez un enfant maniaque. Le commentaire se centre particulièrement sur la prévalence des cotations spéciales de la série combinatoire (INCOM et FABCOM) dans le deuxième protocole, alors qu’elles étaient absentes dans le premier. On aboutit à l’hypothèse que les troubles de la pensée des enfants maniaques, tels qu’ils se manifestent au test de Rorschach, sont au moins aussi prononcés que ceux des enfants schizophrènes, mais s’en distinguent qualitativement par la prédominance des combinaisons fantaisistes. Cette conclusion trouve un soutien dans un ensemble de recherches qui ont comparé chez les adultes les troubles de la pensée des schizophrènes et des maniaques. Ces études convergent toutes sur les points suivants: les troubles de la pensée des maniaques sont aussi intenses et aussi fréquents que ceux des schizophrènes; toutes les perturbations de la pensée qu’on croit souvent propres aux schizophrènes, y compris les contaminations ou la “logique autistique,” se trouvent avec une fréquence égale chez les maniaques; le seul caractère qui distingue les troubles de la pensée des maniaques de ceux des schizophrènes est la proportion beaucoup plus forte chez les maniaques des troubles de la série combinatoire, notamment les combinaisons incongrues et les combinaisons fabulées. Les particularités du deuxième protocole de Julien nous permettent d’étendre, à titre d’hypothèse, ces conclusions à la psychopathologie de l’enfant. Mais, pour confirmer cette hypothèse, il conviendrait de compléter l’étude de cas par une étude quantitative de groupe.
The Adolf Eichmann Case: Contradictions, New Data, and Integration
Authors: Peralta Alberto A. 
Published: August 2011

Après l’arrestation et le jugement ultérieur en Israël (1961) de Adolf Eichmann, de temps en temps on trouve dans la litérature américaine des avis divergents sur son degré de psychopathologie – ou même l’absence de celle-ci – le plus connu étant l’explication du cas par le concept de “la banalité du mal” de Arendt (1963) . La publication éventuelle de son protocole Rorschach ( Miale & Selzer, 1975 ) n’a pas éclairci les contradictions: La majorité des auteurs qui l’ont examiné, sûrement dû en bonne partie aux déficiences de l’administration du test, l’ont considéré superficiellement sans en faire un dépouillement individuel poussé; seul McCully (1980) a tracé, et ouvertement publié, les lignes générales d’un abord plus attentif.En considérant conjointement le protocole Szondi obtenu simultanément – mais largement ignoré – chez notre sujet ( Szondi, 1983 ), nous entreprenons une réinterprétation approfondie. En profitant des travaux de Mélon (1975 , 1976 ) et Peralta (1995a) sur les correspondances structurales entre les deux épreuves, et en nous appuyant sur la technique Classique Suisse du Rorschach (Bohm, 1951) perfectionnée par Salomon (1962) et Peralta (1996) dans le sens psychanalytique, nous arrivons à un diagnostic défini qui nous permet de situer les conceptualisations de Arendt dans un autre contexte. Nos résultats nous conduisent à insister, comme Rorschach le fit en son temps, sur l’importance capitale d’un dépouillement formel – perceptanalytique – détaillé conduisant à une intégration globale des réponses dans un Psychogramme avant tout essai interprétatif, même (ou peut-être plus) dans des protocoles partiellement déficients comme celui-ci.
SPREAD: spatial phylogenetic reconstruction of evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Bielejec Filip , Rambaut Andrew , Suchard Marc A. , Lemey Philippe 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Summary: SPREAD is a user-friendly, cross-platform application to analyze and visualize Bayesian phylogeographic reconstructions incorporating spatial–temporal diffusion. The software maps phylogenies annotated with both discrete and continuous spatial information and can export high-dimensional posterior summaries to keyhole markup language (KML) for animation of the spatial diffusion through time in virtual globe software. In addition, SPREAD implements Bayes factor calculation to evaluate the support for hypotheses of historical diffusion among pairs of discrete locations based on Bayesian stochastic search variable selection estimates. SPREAD takes advantage of multicore architectures to process large joint posterior distributions of phylogenies and their spatial diffusion and produces visualizations as compelling and interpretable statistical summaries for the different spatial projections.
Availability: SPREAD is licensed under the GNU Lesser GPL and its source code is freely available as a GitHub repository: https://github.com/phylogeography/SPREAD
Contact: filip.bielejec@rega.kuleuven.be
Impact of activated vitamin D on insulin resistance in nondiabetic chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Friedman David J. , Bhatt Nisha , Hayman Najwah S. , Nichols Brendan J. , Herman Mark , Nikolaev Nikolay , Danziger John 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundAlthough vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased insulin resistance, a causal link has not been established. Interpreting the relationship has been confounded by a close correlation between vitamin D deficiency and obesity. The current clinical approach of assessing endogenous 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and independently administering activated vitamin D (AD), allows a unique opportunity to clarify cause and effect in the relationship of vitamin D, obesity and insulin resistance.Methods We assessed how 25(OH)D and body mass index (BMI) related to fasting insulin concentrations in 120 nondiabetic patients with CKD. In addition, we described how treatment with AD modified these relationships.Results In the full cohort, fasting insulin concentrations varied inversely with both 25(OH)D (r = −0·22, P = 0·02) and BMI (r = −0·36, P < 0·0001). The administration of AD altered these relationships. In individuals treated with AD, there was no association between 25(OH)D and fasting insulin, and the mean fasting insulin concentrations were significantly lower than in those not receiving AD (40·5 ± 22·0 vs 54·1 ± 30·9 pm, P = 0·01). In a multivariate analysis, both AD treatment and BMI were independent predictors of fasting insulin. Furthermore, obese patients treated with AD had insulin concentrations similar to nonobese patients (46·1 ± 24·9 vs 40·2 ± 21·5 pm), whereas untreated obese patients had markedly higher fasting insulin concentrations (74·4 ± 33·4 pm, P = 0·003).Conclusion 25(OH)D deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in CKD. Replacement with pharmacologic doses of AD is associated with lower fasting insulin concentrations, especially in obese patients.
Intron retention regulates the expression of pectin methyl esterase inhibitor (Pmei) genes during wheat growth and development
Authors: Rocchi V. , Janni M. , Bellincampi D. , Giardina T. , D’Ovidio R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPectin is an important component of the plant cell wall and its remodelling occurs during normal plant growth or following stress responses. Pectin is secreted into the cell wall in a highly methyl‐esterified form and subsequently de‐methyl‐esterified by pectin methyl esterase (PME), whose activity is controlled by the pectin methyl esterase inhibitor protein (PMEI). Cereal cell wall contains a low amount of pectin; nonetheless the level and pattern of pectin methyl esterification play a primary role during development or pathogen infection. Since few data are available on the role of PMEI in plant development and defence of cereal species, we isolated and characterised three Pmei genes (Tdpmei2.1, Tdpmei2.2 and Tdpmei3) and their encoded products in wheat. Sequence comparisons showed a low level of intra‐ and inter‐specific sequence conservation of PMEIs. Tdpmei2.1 and Tdpmei2.2 share 94% identity at protein level, but only 20% identity with the product of Tdpmei3. All three Tdpmei genes code for functional inhibitors of plant PMEs and do not inhibit microbial PMEs or a plant invertase. RT‐PCR analyses demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, that Pmei genes are regulated by intron retention. Processed and unprocessed transcripts of Tdpmei2.1 and Tdpmei2.2 accumulated in several organs, but anthers contained only mature transcripts. Tdpmei3 lacks introns and its transcript accumulated mainly in stem internodes. These findings suggest that products encoded by these Tdpmei genes control organ‐ or tissue‐specific activity of specific PME isoforms in wheat.
Rapid identification of fungal pathogens by rolling circle amplification using Fonsecaea as a model
Authors: Najafzadeh M. J. , Sun J. , Vicente V. A. , de Hoog G. S. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryWe aimed to describe a rapid and sensitive assay for identification of pathogenic fungi without sequencing. The method of rolling circle amplification (RCA) is presented with species of Fonsecaea, agents of human chromoblastomycosis, as a model. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region of 103 Fonsecaea strains was sequenced and aligned in view of designing three specific padlock probes to be used for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in three Fonsecaea species. The 38 strains included for testing the specificity of RCA comprised 17 isolates of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, 13 of Fonsecaea monophora and eight of Fonsecaea nubica. The assay successfully amplified DNA of the target fungi at the level of species, while no cross reactivity was observed. The amplification product was visualised on a 1% agarose gel to verify the specificity of probe–template binding. Amounts of reagents were minimised to avoid the generation of false‐positive results. The simplicity, sensitivity, robustness and low costs provide RCA a distinct position among isothermal techniques for DNA diagnostics as a very practical identification method.
Mucins in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer
Authors: Sheng Yong H , Hasnain Sumaira Z , Florin Timothy H J , McGuckin Michael A 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract is protected by a mucus barrier with both secreted and cell‐surface mucins contributing to the exclusion of luminal microbes and toxins. Alterations in the structure and/or quantity of mucins alter the barrier function of mucus and could play roles in initiating and maintaining mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and in driving cancer development in the intestine. The aim of this review is to focus on the roles of the mucins in IBD. The polymorphisms of mucin genes that have been associated with susceptibility to IBD, and alterations in mucin expression as well as factors that regulate production of the mucins in IBD, are summarized. Data from animal models of intestinal inflammation, which support the importance of mucins in IBD and cancer development, are also discussed.
Agentic or Communal? Associations between Interpersonal Goals, Popularity, and Bullying in Middle Childhood and Early Adolescence
Authors: Caravita Simona C. S. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study investigated whether perceived popularity mediates and/or moderates the association between agentic goals and bullying, and whether sociometric popularity mediates and/or moderates the association between communal goals and bullying. Age and gender differences were also examined. Participants were 276 fourth and fifth graders (middle childhood sample) and 196 seventh and eighth graders (early adolescence sample). Peer status and bullying were assessed with sociometric measures, interpersonal goals with self‐reports. The theoretical model included both mediation and moderation effects. An age‐related reversal was found in how status mediated the associations between goals and bullying. Sociometric popularity mediated the association of agentic goals with bullying in middle childhood but of communal goals with bullying in early adolescence. Perceived popularity mediated the association of communal goals with bullying in middle childhood but of agentic goals with bullying in early adolescence. In middle childhood, perceived popularity also moderated the effect of agentic goals on bullying. The results were discussed in terms of the role of bullying as a means to enhance status in early adolescence.