bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form as a predictor of federal parole/probation/supervised release outcome: A 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Walters Glenn D. , McDonough John R. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. This study was conducted in an effort to predict the long‐term outcome of federal parole, probation and supervised release clients with the Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form (LCSF).Methods. A sample of 52 federal parolees/probationers/supervised releasees, the entire caseload of a US federal probation officer, were scored on the LCSF and followed up for three years. Outcome measures included revocation, all violations (revocation and technical) and adjustment (revocation, technical violations, drug use, employment).Results. Analyses revealed that the LCSF successfully predicted revocations, technical violations and poor adjustment independent of age, race or gender. A cutting score of 10 correctly classified 69.2 per cent of the sample in terms of good or poor adjustment, 75.0 per cent of the sample on revocations leading to incarceration, and 73.1 per cent of the sample with respect to all violations (technical and criminal).Conclusions. These findings lend further credence to the practical utility of the LCSF as a predictor of future adjustment difficulties in federal parolees, probationers and supervised releasees.
Changes in measures of personality, hostility and locus of control during residence in a prison therapeutic community
Authors: Newton Margaret 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. The impact of treatment in the therapeutic communities at Grendon Prison is assessed in terms of changes in personality, hostility and locus of control, and the effect of length of stay is examined.Method. Ninety‐four men were tested on reception and discharge from Grendon, using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Caine, Foulds & Hope's (1967) Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire and Rotter's Locus of Control (I‐E) Scale.Results. Mean scores on discharge were significantly closer to normal on all scales, i.e. prisoners showed lower levels of Psychoticism, Neuroticism, intro‐punitive and extrapunitive hostility, higher levels of Extraversion and more internal locus of control. For Neuroticism, the degree of change was significantly related to length of stay. For all scales except Psychoticism, the proportion showing statistically reliable change was greatest for men who had stayed for at least a year.Conclusions. Residence at Grendon is accompanied by changes in personality, hostility and locus of control. The tendency for some changes to be greatest, or to affect more individuals, after relatively long periods at Grendon (in the region of one to two years) would be in keeping with a progressive treatment effect and supports the results of reconviction studies and also the time‐scale suggested by Genders & Player's (1995) model of a ‘therapeutic career’.
A comparison of patterns of moral development in young offenders and non‐offenders
Authors: Palmer Emma J. , Hollin Clive R. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. This study investigates the patterns of moral reasoning among male delinquents, and male and female non‐delinquents. It is hypothesized that the delinquents' moral reasoning will be particularly delayed on questions related to offending behaviour.Methods. The moral reasoning of 210 female non‐offenders, 122 male nonoffenders, and 126 convicted offenders between 13 and 22 years of age was assessed using the Sociomoral Reflection Measure‐Short Form. A self‐reported delinquency checklist was also administered to allow for investigation of the delinquency/moral reasoning relationship within the officially delinquent and non‐delinquent groups.Results. Analyses of covariance revealed that male delinquents had significantly poorer moral reasoning than the male non‐delinquents across 10 of the 11 questions on the measure and all five moral values assessed. Female non‐delinquents showed significantly higher moral judgment than male non‐delinquents on seven of the questions and four moral values. Within each sample, moral reasoning was poorer on the moral values pertaining to offending behaviour, and among the male delinquents the score on the life value item was significantly higher than the other values.Conclusions. The findings suggest that delinquents have both value‐specific, and global deficits in their moral reasoning, with less mature reasoning exhibited in those value areas relating to delinquent behaviour. This suggests that interventions aimed at changing moral reasoning should be directed at raising levels of moral reasoning in these areas.
Processing resources and eyewitness suggestibility
Authors: Zaragoza Maria S. , Lane Sean M. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that encountering or retrieving suggested information under conditions of limited, rather than full, attentional resources is likely to increase false memory for suggested events.Methods. A typical eyewitness suggestibility paradigm was employed in which participants viewed a slide sequence depicting an office theft, answered misleading questions regarding the theft, and were later tested on their memory for the source of the suggested details. In Expt 1, participants encountered the misinformation under conditions of either divided or full attention, and in Expt 2 participants were given either ample time to make the source judgment or were forced to provide source judgments very quickly.Results. The results of both experiments showed that participants who encountered (Expt 1) or retrieved (Expt 2) misleading suggestions under conditions of limited attentional resources were more likely to misattribute the suggested items to the slides and less likely to remember having encountered the suggestions in the post‐event questions.Conclusions. The results support the hypothesis that limiting attentional resources impairs participants' ability to retrieve source‐specifying information and increases false memory for suggested details.
Election Theology and the Problem of Universalism
Authors: Kaminsky Joel S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis essay critiques the widespread tendencies to assume that universalism is always progressive while particularism is always regressive and that the Bible over time moves away from an intolerant particularism toward a tolerant universalism. In the course of the study, one comes to see that utilizing these binary modern categories often impedes one’s ability to understand the text in its own context. The author concludes by arguing that the Bible’s election theology provides evidence that universalism arose not through a waning of Israel’s sense of her self identity as God’s chosen people, but rather through Israel’s ever deepening reflection on the meaning and significance of her elect status.
Between Imitation and Interpretation:Reuse of Scripture and Composition in Hodayot (1QHa) 11:6‐19
Authors: Tooman William A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract1QHodayota 11:6‐19 exemplifies some of the techniques by which an author could, successfully, imitate biblical language without, simultaneously, implying that the reuse was exegetical. Seven scriptural texts—each crafted around themes of life, death, or the sea—dictated the poem’s themes and much of its vocabulary (Jonah 2:3‐7; Ps 77:17‐18; 107:23‐27; Isa 66:7; Jer 10:13/51:16; Job 36:16‐17; 41:23). The author of 1QHa 11:6‐19 mimicked the biblical idiom of these sources, but, to avoid evoking the sources too clearly, the author broke up and/or adapted many of the most rare and distinctive of the borrowed locutions. In those cases where the author reused multiple locutions from a single source-text, the borrowed elements were separated from one another, scattered widely across the new poem. The outcome was a new text that reflected biblical expression and style, yet it did not offer or imply any interpretation of the sources of that style.
Covenantal Election in 4Q252 and Jubilees’ Heavenly Tablets
Authors: Tzoref Shani 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study builds upon earlier attempts in scholarship to (1) identify the common element(s) among the thirty or so passages attributed to the Heavenly Tablets in Jubilees, and (2) to determine the unifying factor(s) underlying 4Q252 (4QCommentary on Genesis A). I demonstrate that the close affinity between the list of passages from the book of Genesis that are featured in 4Q252 and those represented in Jubilees’ Heavenly Tablets points to a shared exegetical tradition pertaining to Elect and accursed figures in Genesis. I further argue that the differences between these lists, and between their respective treatments of some of the accursed figures, indicate distinctive recastings of this shared tradition.
A Reexamination of the “Sons of the Pit” in CD 13:14
Authors: Stroup Christopher 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper reexamines the arguments for the reconstruction, “sons of the dawn,” in CD 13:14 and contends that based on material evidence the former consensus reading, “sons of the pit,” is more likely. The reading “sons of the dawn” gained acceptance because of the apparent absence of the necessary stroke for taw and the discovery of a similar phrase in 4Q298. A close examination of a new image of the manuscript, however, reveals the presence of a serif consistent with taw rather than reš and the remnants of ink where one would expect the leg of taw.
How Not to Use 3 Reigns: A Plea to Scholars of the Books of Kings
Authors: Law T. M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe authors of two recent monographs have attempted to discredit the view that the Greek translation of 1 Kings was based on a Hebrew text that differed from the MT. One argues that the translator was responsible, while the other suggests the divergences are the result of inner-Greek revisional activity. While these arguments are not entirely original, they are the latest attempts to challenge the more commonly held view that the Greek translator did in fact translate faithfully from a Hebrew text at odds with the MT. This article assesses these arguments, and concludes with a plea to scholars writing Hebrew Bible commentaries on the books of Kings.
The System of Dividing Lists into Verses
Authors: Breuer Yochanan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe system of division within the verse by the accents has been investigated and described, but the system of division into verses has never been described. This article focuses on the system of dividing lists into verses. A list may be divided into verses containing one, two or three items. The decision on the number of items to be included in a given verse depends on the length of the items. Thus, the first step is to determine the exact length of the items suitable for each arrangement. The next step is to describe the exact method of division when the list cannot be evenly divided.
The Text-Criticism of Psalm 80—Revisited
Authors: Rofé Alexander 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe first part of this essay reviews cases of doublets in the Biblical texts, in order to substantiate the claim that Ps 80:16,18 represent a full-verse doublet. However, none of its components submits the original text. For the hypothetical reconstruction of the primary reading one must rely on a secondary textual witness—paraphrasis. For that reason, the use of that class of witnesses, also comprising quotations and allusions, is explored. One paraphrasis of Ps 80:13 in Ps 89:41-42 was detected long ago by H. P. Chayes. Building on his finding, it is maintained here that a primary text, lying behind Ps 80:16,18, was paraphrased in Ps 89:22. The reconstruction of that text is offered, followed by the restoration of the last stanza (vss. 15-20) of Psalm 80.
Finding Spaces for Fairness
Authors: Abusharaf Rogaia Mustafa 
Published: June 2011

AbstractExcavating Gender Justice: The Predicament and the Promise disentangles discourses and practices of asymmetrical power. It engages culture and politics by expounding the ways in which religion, modernity, tradition, jurisprudence, and citizenship have come to comprise constitutive elements of gender politics. When we speak of gender justice, we confront matters that lie at the heart of the knottiest philosophical, legal, and anthropological conundrums. These issues have prompted many to grapple with definitions and typologies derived from fields of inquiry as diverse as neoliberal economics, multiculturalism, constitutionalism, democratic political theory, and development. Excavating Gender Justice provides neither a typology nor a definitive definition of its subject. Others have assumed the task before. For example, Anne Marie Goetz (2007) explained the link between gender justice and debates on citizenship, entitlements, rights, and law and development by delineating three mutually inclusive perspectives: a) gender justice as entitlements and choice, the enabling paradigm; b) gender justice as absence of discrimination; and c) gender justice as positive rights.
A Home for Obedience: Masculinity in Personal Status for Muslims Law
Authors: Abdel Halim Asma M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOver the centuries, family laws around the Muslim world have been enacted mainly with the aim of restricting women and curbing their rights. One of the issues that family laws paid much attention to and legislated in details is disobedience (nushuz) of the wife. Nushuz in shari’a is said to be withholding of the conjugal rights of the husband. Although Nushuz became a description of women’s behavior, in Chapter 4, of the Qur’an, An-Nisa (The Women) mentions the nushuz of both the husband and the wife—nushuz of the wife in verse 34 and a husband’s nushuz in verse 128. This chapter discusses both husband and wife’s nushuz and highlights the masculinity (and manipulation of that interpretation) in the Qur’an to legislate laws such as the Sudanese Personal Status for Muslims Act, 1991. The law dealt with the wife’s disobedience in details, but totally ignored to legislate any limit of the husband’s desertion of his wife or any behavior that may make him the one who is nashiz.
Transnational Feminism and “Local” Realities: The Imperiled Muslim Woman and the Production of (In)Justice
Authors: Siddiqi Dina M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis essay explores the tensions and disjunctures between transnational principles of gender justice and the highly contextualized desires of women who seek the services of legal aid organizations in rural Bangladesh. More specifically, it looks at the shalish, or local village tribunal in the context of efforts to restructure the shalish to make it more “democratic and gender-friendly.” On the basis of a close reading of several case studies, this essay shows how feminist conceptions of rights can sometimes founder in the face of women’s actual desires and expectations. The paper argues for rethinking notions of agency that conceive of individuals as pre-cultural subjects in favor of a framework in which all selves are relational and agency is produced in relation to specific cultural, political and economic logics.
The Paradox of the Female Slave Body in the Islamic Legal System: The Cases of Morocco and Sudan
Authors: Sikainga Ahmad A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis chapter is concerned with the way in which Muslim jurisprudence dealt with the body of female slaves in two Muslim societies: Morocco and the Sudan. While the depiction and the representation of the slave body have generated a great deal of debate among scholars working on slavery in the New World, this subject has received little attention amongst both Islamicists and Africanists. The literature on slavery in the American South and in the Caribbean has shown that the depiction of the slave body reveals a great deal about the reality of slavery, the relations of power and control, and the cultural codes that existed within the slave societies. The slave physical appearance and gestures were used to distinguish between the slaves and free and to justify slavery. Throughout the Americas slaves were routinely branded as a form of identification right up to the eighteenth century. Although the body of the slaves from both sexes was subjected to the same depiction, the treatment of female slaves deserves further exploration. As many scholars have argued, slave women suffer the double jeopardy of being both a slave and a woman. Moreover, the body of the female slave in Muslim societies is of particular significance as many of them were used for sexual purposes, as mistresses and concubines. The chapter shows that the reproductive role of female slaves became a major justice issue, particularly in their struggle for freedom.
The Past Future of Postcolonial “Category” Religion, Theory, and Translation: A Symposium on Arvind-Pal Mandair’s Religion and the Specter of the West
Authors: Abeysekara Ananda 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this symposium, three scholars Michael Nijhawan, Ruth Mas, and Sian Hawthorne engage the work Religion and the Specter of the West by Arvind-Pal Mandair. They take up concepts of translation, postcoloniality, memory, representation, writing, and the “category” religion itself in ways that help us think about the future of secular theory and theorizing of religion in the humanities.
Sikhism, Traumatic Repetition, and the Question of Aesthetic Sovereignty
Authors: Nijhawan Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article provides a detailed discussion of Arvind Mandair’s new work Religion and the Specter of the West. Written from a sociological vantage point, which is informed by a long commitment to Sikh Studies, the argument presented here focuses on three organizing concepts of Mandair’s work: (1) repetition and how it is to be read within the process of subject formation, (2) trauma as a conceptual tool to rethink postcolonial identity, and (3) aesthetic sovereignty as providing a possible exit out of hermeneutic dilemmas of ‘translating religion.’
Is there a (M)other in the Text? Post-theistic Sikh Ontology and the Question of the Phallus
Authors: Hawthorne Sîan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper I examine Arvind Mandair’s retrieval of the posttheistic ontologization of language in early Sikh thought, an aspect which is fundamental for his argument for Sikh postcolonial secularity. However, he frames his argument by drawing—implicitly and explicitly—on a parallel modelling of the ontological function of language found in Lacanian psychoanalysis. Whilst finding much to affirm in Mandair’s argument, I query the extent to which its subterranean reliance on psychoanalysis runs the risk of replicating the Lacanian marginalisation and ultimate exclusion of female subjectivity (paradigmatically the mother) as a figure of alterity and of lack. I argue that a model that promotes the ontology of language as a liberatory and inclusive political tool must also account for the gendered and thus potentially exclusory nature of language.
Yin-Yang Theory, the Human Organism, and the Bai hu tong: A Need for Pairing and Explaining
Authors: Unschuld Paul U. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses some terminological consequences of the acceptance of a seemingly all-pervasive yin yang dualism by ancient Chinese naturalists, with a focus on the origin of certain technical terms introduced to designate morphological and functional items in the emerging Chinese medicine. These terms were selected from words not originally linked to morphological and physiological notions. They served as metaphors to illustrate both function and the yin yang nature of the items they were chosen to designate. How to translate these terms into Western languages is a complex issue not sufficiently discussed among philologists.In 79 CE, the historian Ban Gu (32‐92) published the Bai hu tong , based on contributions by an unknown number of participants in one of the first documented meetings of intellectuals in antiquity. Chapter 8 offers a discourse on the meaning of qing , ‘emotion’, and xing , ‘moral disposition’. Two terms were available that had been in long use in this arena of meanings, albeit without a clear-cut distinction along the lines of a Yin-Yang categorisation. No metaphors were required here. Rather, a redefinition of qing and xing was required to assign a yang nature to the former and a yin nature to the latter.The Bai hu tong is a telling example of a continuing heterogeneity of explanatory models in early Chinese life sciences. The following discussion offers an impression of the merger of what may originally have been a neutral attempt at a dualistic categorisation of all phenomena in terms of two natural categories of yin and yang with another doctrine. The second clearly valued yang phenomena more highly than yin phenomena and applied this distinction to more and less desirable moral categories. Also, the Bai hu tong offers evidence of different metaphorical usages of the term fu in physiological theory from as early as Han times. To the older meaning: ‘short-term storage facility’ a second meaning of ‘palace’ was added. The question of an adequate translation of such terms in modern languages is worth further thought.1
The Problem of Identifying Mudan and the Tree Peony in Early China
Authors: Kubo Teruyuki 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The tree peony is a flowering plant found in China, and well-known in
Britain. Its root cortex is often used in Chinese traditional prescriptions,
such as Dahuang mudan tang, Liuwei dihuang wan, and Jiawei shaoyao san. In
contemporary Chinese, the tree peony is called ‘Mudan’, and although its
beauty was largely ignored until the Kaiyuan era (713‐41 CE), a drug of the
same name is mentioned in medical texts of the Eastern Han period (25‐220
CE). The early authoritative materia medica, Xinxiu bencao (659 CE), also
describes a plant called ‘Mudan’, but it is different from the tree peony in
form. Curiously, although the tree peony is not considered to be native to
Japan, it is described as a specialty plant in the early Japanese gazetteer,
Izumonokuni Fudoki (733 CE).This study demonstrates that in early texts
‘mudan’ referred to a different plant from the tree peony, and that ‘mudan’
had two remarkable aliases, ‘bailiangjin’ in China and ‘yamatachihana’ in
Japan. Today, both aliases are used to refer to Ardisia species.
Furthermore, I will demonstrate that the Xinxiu bencao’s description of the
Mudan closely matches that of the Ardisia, especially the A. japonica
species. My investigations therefore suggest that early prescriptions may
have used the Ardisia species, not the tree peony. This raises further
questions: when and how did the tree peony come to replace the Ardisia? This
paper presents the most likely progression of this transition by tracing the
expansion of cultivation of Mudan for ornamental purposes.
Saltpetre in Early and Medieval Chinese Medicine
Authors: Butler Anthony , Moffett John 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSaltpetre, xiaoshi (), was used extensively in early and medieval Chinese medicine for the treatment of a number of common ailments and as a general aid to good health. Until recently it was thought that saltpetre had no biological action except as a diuretic, but recent research suggests that this is not the case. Some of the claims made by Chinese physicians are consistent with current scientific understanding.
Minorities in Postcolonial Transitions: The Ndebele in Zimbabwe
Authors: Moyo Khanyisela 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article argues that there is a legal and political basis for attending to concerns of ethnic minorities in postcolonial transitions. If left unattended, this issue may prompt members of minority groups to resort to preservative measures, including violence to the detriment of the security which is a fundamental objective of the transition. This reaction is often generated by an axiomatic fear of assimilation. The case of the Ndebele of Zimbabwe illustrates this. The article’s position is confirmed by post-colonial state practice that implements minority rights and accords affected groups a right to self-determination or autonomy in tandem with liberal democratic reforms.