bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers to guide perioperative management
Authors: Edwards Mark , Whittle John , Ackland Gareth L 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
Stratifying preoperative risk and guiding perioperative therapy objectively has acquired critical importance, given robust data demonstrating that morbidity following non-cardiac surgery confers substantially increased risk of death, even beyond hospital discharge. The development of useful perioperative biomarkers depends fundamentally on both prospective morbidity data that enable the identification of higher risk patients as well as the translational understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying postoperative organ dysfunction, the development of which may be specific to the perioperative environment. The emergence of cardiac insufficiency, rather than cardiac ischaemia, as the dominant factor associated with excess risk of prolonged postoperative morbidity has promoted the application of biomarkers used commonly in cardiovascular medicine. Several novel, organ specific biomarkers offer potential perioperative application. Nevertheless, common tests/biomarkers that are widely available do provide valuable, objective information that is perhaps under-utilised perioperatively. Despite significant challenges, perioperative medicine presents exciting—arguably unique—opportunities for novel biomarker development.
Prediction of Postoperative Recurrence-Free Survival in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer by Using an Internationally Validated Gene Expression Model
Authors: Mitra Ranjana , Lee Jinseon , Jo Jisuk , Milani Monica , McClintick Jeanette N. , Edenberg Howard J. , Kesler Kenneth A. , Rieger Karen M. , Badve Sunil , Cummings Oscar W. , Mohiuddin Ahmed , Thomas Dafydd G. , Luo Xianghua , Juliar Beth E. , Li Lang , Mesaros Clementina , Blair Ian A. , Srirangam Anjaiah , Kratzke Robert A. , McDonald Clement J. , Kim Jhingook , Potter David A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Purpose: This study was performed to discover prognostic genomic markers associated with postoperative outcome of stage I to III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that are reproducible between geographically distant and demographically distinct patient populations.
Experimental Design: American patients (n = 27) were stratified on the basis of recurrence and microarray profiling of their tumors was performed to derive a training set of 44 genes. A larger Korean patient validation cohort (n = 138) was also stratified by recurrence and screened for these genes. Four reproducible genes were identified and used to construct genomic and clinicogenomic Cox models for both cohorts.
Results: Four genomic markers, DBN1 (drebrin 1), CACNB3 (calcium channel beta 3), FLAD1 (PP591; flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase), and CCND2 (cyclin D2), exhibited highly significant differential expression in recurrent tumors in the training set (P &lt; 0.001). In the validation set, DBN1, FLAD1 (PP591), and CACNB3 were significant by Cox univariate analysis (P ≤ 0.035), whereas only DBN1 was significant by multivariate analysis. Genomic and clinicogenomic models for recurrence-free survival (RFS) were equally effective for risk stratification of stage I to II or I to III patients (all models P &lt; 0.0001). For stage I to II or I to III patients, 5-year RFS of the low- and high-risk patients was approximately 70% versus 30% for both models. The genomic model for overall survival of stage I to III patients was improved by addition of pT and pN stage (P &lt; 0.0013 vs. 0.010).
Conclusion: A 4-gene prognostic model incorporating the multivariate marker DBN1 exhibits potential clinical utility for risk stratification of stage I to III NSCLC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2934–46. ©2011 AACR.
Smac Modulates Chemosensitivity in Head and Neck Cancer Cells through the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway
Authors: Sun Quanhong , Zheng Xingnan , Zhang Lin , Yu Jian 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Overexpression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) contributes to therapeutic resistance. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) promotes caspase activation by binding to IAPs upon release from the mitochondria. IAP antagonists, also called SMAC mimetics, are promising anticancer agents modeled after this mechanism. We investigated the role and mechanisms of Smac- and Smac mimetic–mediated chemosensitization in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells.
Experimental Design: The effects of SMAC knockdown, SMAC overexpression, and a small molecule Smac mimetic on the chemosensitivities of HNSCC cells were determined. The mechanisms of Smac- and Smac mimetic–mediated chemosensitization were investigated by analyzing growth suppression, the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, caspase activation, and IAP proteins. The therapeutic responses of HNSCC cells with different levels of Smac were compared in xenograft models.
Results:We found that Smac mediates apoptosis induced by several classes of therapeutic agents through the mitochondrial pathway. SMAC knockdown led to impaired caspase activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and release of cytochrome c. A small molecule Smac mimetic, at nanomolar concentrations, significantly sensitized HNSCC cells to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis and restored gemcitabine sensitivity in SMAC knockdown cells, through caspase activation, X-linked IAP dissociation, and mitochondria-associated events, but not the TNF-α pathway. Furthermore, Smac levels modulated the therapeutic response of HNSCC cells to gemcitabine in xenograft models.
Conclusions: Our results establish a critical role of Smac in mediating therapeutic responses of HNSCC cells and provide a strong rationale for combining Smac mimetics with other anticancer agents to treat HNSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2361–72. ©2011 AACR.
Role and Relevance of TrkB Mutations and Expression in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Harada Taishi , Yatabe Yasushi , Takeshita Masafumi , Koga Takaomi , Yano Tokujiro , Wang Yisong , Giaccone Giuseppe 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPurpose: TrkB has been involved in poor cancer outcome. TrkB mutations have been reported in non–small cell lung cancer. In this study, we aimed at characterizing the role of three potentially sensitizing TrkB mutations previously reported in lung cancer.Experimental Design: We characterized three activation loop mutants of TrkB (M713I, R715G, and R734C) in terms of pathway activation/phosphorylation, migration, anchorage-independent growth, and sensitivity to a Trk inhibitor, using NIH3T3 cells and Baf3 cells. We also sequenced the tyrosine kinase domain of TrkB in a large number of lung cancer samples of East-Asian origin and cell lines.Results: None of the mutants were constitutively active in NIH3T3 transformation and migration assays. M713I and R734C mutants showed low levels of autophosphorylation in comparison with wild-type TrkB. Although R715G showed similar level of autophosphorylation to wild-type TrkB on brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulation, the mutant was not as competent as wild-type TrkB in supporting interleukin-3–independent growth of Baf3 cells. In addition, the Trk inhibitor AZD6918 inhibited wild-type TrkB-induced cell migration and cell growth, whereas the mutants were relatively resistant to the Trk inhibitor compared with wild-type TrkB. We could not confirm the presence of nonsynonymous mutation in 78 lung cancer samples and 29 cell lines.Conclusions: Wild-type, but not mutant, TrkB enhances cell migration and transformation. Our study suggests that TrkB mutations should not be used for selection of patients with lung cancer treated with Trk inhibitors. High expression of wild-type TrkB might be beneficial for studies of Trk inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2638–45. ©2011 AACR.
Longevity of Sprint Fidelis Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Leads and Risk Factors for Failure
Authors: Hauser Robert G. , Maisel William H. , Friedman Paul A. , Kallinen Linda M. , Mugglin Andrew S. , Kumar Kapil , Hodge David O. , Morrison Thomas B. , Hayes David L. 
Published: January 2011

Background—
Sprint Fidelis (Fidelis) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads are prone to fractures that have caused adverse events, primarily inappropriate shocks, and a few reported deaths. More than 100 000 patients have Fidelis leads. No independent multicenter long-term performance information exists for this lead, and single-center studies suggest that certain patients are at increased risk for Fidelis failure. Our aim was to assess the longevity of Fidelis leads and to evaluate clinical variables and adverse events associated with Fidelis failure. The results were compared with like data for Quattro Secure (Quattro) implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads implanted at our centers.

Methods and Results—

This 3-center study included adults ≥18 years of age who received Fidelis or Quattro leads for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. From November 2001 to January 2009,1023 Fidelis and 1668 Quattro leads were implanted and followed up. The failure rate for Fidelis leads was 2.81%/y compared with 0.43%/y for Quattro leads (
P
<0.0001). No deaths or injuries occurred as a result of lead failure, but 42% of fractures caused inappropriate shocks. The survival of Fidelis leads at 4 years was 87.0% (95% confidence interval, 83.6 to 90.1) compared with 98.7% (95% confidence interval, 97.9 to 99.4) for Quattro leads (
P
<0.0001). Multivariate predictors of Fidelis failure were younger age (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.96 to 0.99), female gender (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 1.00), and cardiac disease (
P
=0.041).

Conclusions—
Compared with Quattro leads, the survival of Fidelis leads continues to decline, and Fidelis failure is notably higher in younger patients, women, individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia or channelopathies. These findings have significant implications for the management of patients who have Fidelis leads, and they demonstrate the importance of weighing clinical variables in assessments of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead performance.
Safety of Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure
Authors: Reddy Vivek Y. , Holmes David , Doshi Shephal K. , Neuzil Petr , Kar Saibal 
Published: January 2011

Background—

The Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients With AF (PROTECT AF) randomized trial compared left atrial appendage closure against warfarin in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with CHADS
2
≥1. Although the study met the primary efficacy end point of being noninferior to warfarin therapy for the prevention of stroke/systemic embolism/cardiovascular death, there was a significantly higher risk of complications, predominantly pericardial effusion and procedural stroke related to air embolism. Here, we report the influence of experience on the safety of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure.

Methods and Results—

The study cohort for this analysis included patients in the PROTECT AF trial who underwent attempted device left atrial appendage closure (n=542 patients) and those from a subsequent nonrandomized registry of patients undergoing Watchman implantation (Continued Access Protocol [CAP] Registry; n=460 patients). The safety end point included bleeding- and procedure-related events (pericardial effusion, stroke, device embolization). There was a significant decline in the rate of procedure- or device-related safety events within 7 days of the procedure across the 2 studies, with 7.7% and 3.7% of patients, respectively, experiencing events (
P
=0.007), and between the first and second halves of PROTECT AF and CAP, with 10.0%, 5.5%, and 3.7% of patients, respectively, experiencing events (
P
=0.006). The rate of serious pericardial effusion within 7 days of implantation, which had made up >50% of the safety events in PROTECT AF, was lower in the CAP Registry (5.0% versus 2.2%, respectively;
P
=0.019). There was a similar experience-related improvement in procedure-related stroke (0.9% versus 0%, respectively;
P
=0.039). Finally, the functional impact of these safety events, as defined by significant disability or death, was statistically superior in the Watchman group compared with the warfarin group in PROTECT AF. This remained true whether significance was defined as a change in the modified Rankin score of ≥1, ≥2, or ≥3 (1.8 versus 4.3 events per 100 patient-years; relative risk, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.82; 1.5 versus 3.7 events per 100 patient-years; relative risk, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.82; and 1.4 versus 3.3 events per 100 patient-years; relative risk, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.88, respectively).

Conclusion—
As with all interventional procedures, there is a significant improvement in the safety of Watchman left atrial appendage closure with increased operator experience.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00129545.
Deletion of Cardiomyocyte Mineralocorticoid Receptor Ameliorates Adverse Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fraccarollo Daniela , Berger Stefan , Galuppo Paolo , Kneitz Susanne , Hein Lutz , Schütz Günther , Frantz Stefan , Ertl Georg , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: January 2011

Background—

Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade improves morbidity and mortality among patients with heart failure; however, the underlying mechanisms are still under investigation. We studied left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific inactivation of the MR gene (MR
MLCCre
) that were generated with a conditional MR allele (MR
flox
) in combination with a transgene expressing Cre recombinase under control of the myosin light-chain (MLC2a) gene promoter.

Methods and Results—

Control (MR
flox/flox
, MR
flox/wt
) and MR
MLCCre
mice underwent coronary artery ligation. MR ablation had no detectable baseline effect on cardiac morphology and function. The progressive left ventricular chamber enlargement and functional deterioration in infarcted control mice, detected by echocardiography and conductance catheter analysis during the 8-week observation period, were substantially attenuated in MR
MLCCre
mice. Chronically infarcted MR
MLCCre
mice displayed attenuated pulmonary edema, reduced cardiac hypertrophy, increased capillary density, and reduced accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the surviving left ventricular myocardium. Moreover, cardiomyocyte-specific MR ablation prevented the increases in myocardial and mitochondrial O
2
·−
production and upregulation of the NADPH oxidase subunits Nox2 and Nox4. At 7 days, MR
MLCCre
mice exhibited enhanced infarct neovessel formation and collagen structural organization associated with reduced infarct expansion. Mechanistically, cardiomyocytes lacking MR displayed accelerated stress-induced activation and subsequent suppression of nuclear factor-κB and reduced apoptosis early after myocardial infarction.

Conclusion—
Cardiomyocyte-specific MR deficiency improved infarct healing and prevented progressive adverse cardiac remodeling, contractile dysfunction, and molecular alterations in ischemic heart failure, highlighting the importance of cardiomyocyte MR for heart failure development and progression.
System interdependence analysis for autonomous robots
Authors: Lidoris Georgios , Rohrmüller Florian , Wollherr Dirk , Buss Martin 
Published: January 2011

With the increasing complexity of robotic systems, system robustness and efficiency are harder to achieve, since they are determined by the interplay of all of a system’s components. In order to improve the robustness of such systems, it is essential to identify the system components that are crucial for each task and the extent to which they are affected by other components and the environment. Such knowledge will help developers to improve their systems, and can also be directly utilized by the systems themselves, for example, to detect failures and thereby correctly adjust the system’s behavior. In this article a method of system interdependence analysis is presented. The basic idea is to learn and quantitatively evaluate the coherence between performance indicators of different system components, as well as the influence of environmental parameters on the system. To validate the proposed approach, system interdependence analysis is applied to the navigation system of an autonomous mobile robot. Its navigational methods are presented and suitable indicators are derived. The results of using the method, based on experimental data from an extended field experiment, are given.
A fast, modified parabolic Radon transform
Authors: Abbad Brahim , Ursin Bjørn , Porsani Milton J. 
Published: January 2011

We propose a fast and efficient frequency-domain implementation of a modified parabolic Radon transform (modified PRT) based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) with applications to multiple removal. The problem is transformed into a complex linear system involving a single operator after merging the curvature-frequency parameters into a new variable. A complex SVD is applied to this operator and the forward transform is computed by means of a complex back-substitution that is frequency independent. The new transform offers a wider curvature range at signal frequencies than the other PRT implementations, allowing the mapping in the transform domain of low-frequency events with important residual moveouts (long period multiples). The method is capable of resolving multiple energy from primaries when they interfere in a small time interval, a situation where most frequency-domain methods fail to discriminate the different wave types. Additionally, the method resists better to amplitude variations with offset (AVO) effects in the data than does the iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS) method. The proposed method was successfully applied to a deep-water seismic line in the Gulf of Mexico to attenuate water-bottom multiples and subsequent peg-legs originating from multiple paths in the water column. Combining the suggested method with the surface-related multiple elimination (SRME) has led to the best attenuation results in removing residual multiple energy in the stack.
Delineating pMDI model reactions with loblolly pine via solution-state NMR spectroscopy. Part 1. Catalyzed reactions with wood models and wood polymers
Authors: Yelle Daniel J. , Ralph John , Frihart Charles R. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
To better understand adhesive interactions with wood, reactions between model compounds of wood and a model compound of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) were characterized by solution-state NMR spectroscopy. For comparison, finely ground loblolly pine sapwood, milled-wood lignin and holocellulose from the same wood were isolated and derivatized with the pMDI model compound. One-bond 13C–1H correlation (HSQC) experiments on derivatized and dissolved ball-milled wood revealed which hydroxyl group positions of the cell wall polymers reacted with the pMDI model compound to form carbamates. The chemical shifts of the derivatized model compounds correspond precisely to the chemical shifts of derivatized wood polymers. These model experiments will be taken as a basis in the next phase of our research (Part 2), in which the reactions of pMDI model compounds will be studied with intact wood cell walls under conditions similar to those used in oriented strand-board production.
Boundedness of some pseudo-differential operators on generalized Triebel–Lizorkin spaces
Authors: Moussai Madani , Djeriou Aissa 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Let v : [0,∞) → ]0,∞) be a function such that the inequality v(ts) ≥ ct
-μ

v(s) holds for 0 < t,s ≤ 1 and some real number μ. In the generalized Triebel–Lizorkin spaces Fp,q

v
(R
n
), we will study the boundedness of the pseudo-differential operators whose symbols belong to Hörmander´s class S
1,δ

m
,0 ≤ δ < 1.
Management of Converged Multi-Radio Networks
Authors: Sachs Joachim 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Wireless communication networks enable customers to use communication services at anytime and anywhere. A multitude of varying radio access technologies with different characteristics have been developed and are concurrently deployed in the market. This article provides an overview of the dissertation on integration and management of multiple radio access technologies in converged wireless networks, which develops technical solutions for integrating and managing different access technologies in a converged network and derives suitable network architectures.
Initial State and Transition State Contributions to Reactivity Trends of Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Some Nitro Chromen-2-One Derivatives
Authors: Abu-Gharib Ezz. A. , EL-Khatib Rafat. M. , Nassr Lobna A. E. , Abu-Dief Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of 6-nitro-2H-chromen-2-one (NC) and 6-nitro-2H-chromen-2-one-3-carboxylic acid (NCC) in binary water/methanol and water/acetone mixtures were studied kinetically at 298 K. The changes in the activation barrier of the investigated compounds from water to water/methanol and water/acetone mixtures were estimated from the kinetic data. Solvent effects on the reactivity trends were analyzed into initial state and transition state components. These were determined from the transfer chemical potentials of the reactants and the kinetic data. The transfer chemical potentials δ
m
μ

θ
for NC were derived from its solubilities in water/methanol and water/acetone mixtures, and the transfer chemical potentials for NCC− anion were derived from solubility data for its calcium, cerium and lanthanum salts. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of NC and NCC in water/methanol and water/acetone mixtures follow a rate law with k
obs=k
2·c(HO−) and k
obs=k
1+k2·c(HO−), respectively. The decrease in the rate constants of base-catalyzed hydrolysis of NC as methanol% or acetone% increases is dominated by the initial state (IS), while the decrease in the rate constants of base-catalyzed hydrolysis of NCC as methanol% or acetone% increases is dominated by the transition state (TS).
Studies on the Kinetics of Tetraethylammonium Bromochromate Oxidation of Some Meta- and Para-Substituted Benzyl Alcohols in Non-Aqueous Media
Authors: Mansoor S. Sheik , Shafi S. Syed 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Tetraethylammonium bromochromate (TEABC) oxidation of 18 meta- and para-substituted benzyl alcohols (BnOH) in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) leads to the formation of corresponding aldehydes. The reaction is first order each in TEABC and the alcohols. The reaction is catalyzed by hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ion dependence has the form: k
obs=a+b[H+]. The oxidation of αα
´-dideuterio benzyl alcohol exhibited a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (k
H/k
D=5.71 at 303 K). Oxidation of benzyl alcohol was studied in 17 different organic solvents. The solvent effect has been analyzed using Kamlet's and Swain's multi parametric equation. A correlation of data with Kamlet–Taft solvatochromic parameters (α, β, π
*) suggests that the specific solute-solvent interactions play a major role in governing the reactivity. A mechanism involving a hydride ion transfer via chromate ester is proposed.
Contribution to the Complexation of some Univalent Metal Cations with p-Tert-Butylcalix[4]arene-Tetrakis(N,N-Diethylacetamide) in Nitrobenzene Saturated with Water
Authors: Makrlík Emanuel , Budka J. , Vaňura Petr 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the exchange extraction constants corresponding to the general equilibrium M+(aq)+NaL+(nb)⇔ML+(nb)+Na+(aq) taking place in the two-phase water-nitrobenzene system (M+=Li+, Ag+, Rb+, Tl+, Cs+; L=p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-tetrakis(N,N-diethylacetamide); aq=aqueous phase, nb=nitrobenzene phase) were determined. Moreover, the stability constants of the ML+ complexes in water-saturated nitrobenzene were calculated; they were found to increase in the cation order Cs+ < Rb+ < Tl+ < Ag+ < Li+.