bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Un-stabilized Orthorhombic Zirconia Synthesized at Ambient Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Trubelja Miriam P. , Potter Donald , Rawn Claudia , More Karren , Helble Joseph J. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBulk structures of un-stabilized ZrO2-x with x in the 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.44 range under ambient pressure exist in three different structures (monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic). At ambient temperature and elevated pressures above 3.5 GPa, zirconia, at these compositions, a fourth phase is found, the orthorhombic structure. A dilute sol-gel method was used to produce nanoscale zirconia particles containing the unstabilized orthorhombic cotunnite structure for use in this project. Extensive characterization of this material indicates that the critical factor in determining the synthesized structures appears to be the number and placement of oxygen vacancies. These results also indicate that surface energy alone is not the controlling factor in determining the crystal structure synthesized.
Reusable hybride CoFe2O4-ZnO hollow nanosphere photocatalysts
Authors: Wilson A. , Mishra S. R. , Rai B. K. , Gupta R.K. , Ghosh K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMagnetically separable and reusable core-shell CoFe2O4-ZnO photocatalyst nanospheres were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis technique using glucose derived carbon nanospheres as template. The morphology and phase of core-shell hybrid structure of CoFe2O4-ZnO was assessed via TEM, and XRD. The UV-vis photocatalytic activity of the composite was assessed via measuring the degradation rate of modeled pollutant methylene blue in water. The magnetic composite showed high UV photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue. The photocatalytic activity was found to be ZnO shell thickness dependent. Thicker ZnO shells lead to higher rate of photocatalytic activity. Hybrid nanospheres recovered using external magnetic field demonstrated good repeatability of photocatalytic activity. These results promise the reusability of hybrid nanospheres for photocatalytic activity.
Hydrothermally Grown Nanostructured Tungsten Trioxide (hydrate) Films and their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Jiao Z. H. , Sun X.W. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTWe report the growth of sheet-like nanostructured tungsten trioxide hydrate (3WO3·H2O) film on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate via a facile crystal-seed-assisted hydrothermal method by using CH3COONH4 as capping agent. Dense thin film composed of irregular blocks with smaller surface area was obtained without the addition of CH3COONH4. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicated that both films were of orthorhombic structure. The nanosheet film grown with CH3COONH4 after dehydration showed highly improved photocatalytic activities than the nanoblock one. The maximum anodic photocurrents of 1.16 mA/cm2 for oxidization of methanol and 0.5 mA/cm2 for water splitting were obtained for the nanosheet film with a highest photoconversion efficiency of about 0.3% under simulated solar illumination.
SiGe Nanowires Grown by LPCVD using Ga-Au Catalysts
Authors: Monasterio M. , Rodríguez A. , Rodríguez T. , Ballesteros C. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe use of Ga-Au alloys as metal catalysts for the growth of SiGe nanowires has been investigated. The grown nanowires are cylindrical and straight, with a defect-free crystalline structure, sharp nanowire-droplet interfaces and an almost constant Ge atomic fraction throughout all their length. These features represent significant improvements over the results obtained using pure Au.
Preparation of Al2O3 and AlN Nanotubes by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Ozgit Cagla , Kayaci Fatma , Donmez Inci , Cagatay Engin , Uyar Tamer , Biyikli Necmi 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAl2O3 and AlN nanotubes were fabricated by depositing conformal thin films via atomic layer deposition (ALD) on electrospun nylon 66 (PA66) nanofiber templates. Depositions were carried out at 200°C, using trimethylaluminum (TMAl), water (H2O), and ammonia (NH3) as the aluminum, oxygen, and nitrogen precursors, respectively. Deposition rates of Al2O3 and AlN at this temperature were ∼1.05 and 0.86 Å/cycle. After the depositions, Al2O3- and AlN-coated nanofibers were calcinated at 500°C for 2 h in order to remove organic components. Nanotubes were characterized by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AlN nanotubes were polycrystalline as determined by high resolution TEM (HR-TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). TEM images of all the samples reported in this study indicated uniform wall thicknesses.
Correlation Between Quantitative HER-2 Protein Expression and Risk for Brain Metastases in HER-2+ Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Trastuzumab-Containing Therapy
Authors: Duchnowska Renata , Biernat Wojciech , Szostakiewicz Barbara , Sperinde Jeff , Piette Fanny , Haddad Mojgan , Paquet Agnes , Lie Yolanda , Czartoryska-Arłukowicz Bogumiła , Wysocki Piotr , Jankowski Tomasz , Radecka Barbara , Foszczyńska-Kłoda Małgorzata , Litwiniuk Maria , Dȩbska Sylwia , Weidler Jodi , Huang Weidong , Buyse Marc , Bates Michael , Jassem Jacek 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background.
Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2+ breast cancer are at particularly high risk for brain metastases; however, the biological basis is not fully understood. Using a novel HER-2 assay, we investigated the correlation between quantitative HER-2 expression in primary breast cancers and the time to brain metastasis (TTBM) in HER-2+ advanced breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab.

Methods.
The study group included 142 consecutive patients who were administered trastuzumab-based therapy for HER-2+ metastatic breast cancer. HER-2/neu gene copy number was quantified as the HER-2/centromeric probe for chromosome 17 (CEP17) ratio by central laboratory fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). HER-2 protein was quantified as total HER-2 protein expression (H2T) by the HERmark® assay (Monogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples. HER-2 variables were correlated with clinical features and TTBM was measured from the initiation of trastuzumab-containing therapy.

Results.
A higher H2T level (continuous variable) was correlated with shorter TTBM, whereas HER-2 amplification by FISH and a continuous HER-2/CEP17 ratio were not predictive (p = .013, .28, and .25, respectively). In the subset of patients that was centrally determined by FISH to be HER-2+, an above-the-median H2T level was significantly associated with a shorter TTBM (hazard ratio, [HR], 2.4; p = .005), whereas this was not true for the median HER-2/CEP17 ratio by FISH (p = .4). Correlation between a continuous H2T level and TTBM was confirmed on multivariate analysis (HR, 3.3; p = .024).

Conclusions.
These data reveal a strong relationship between the quantitative HER-2 protein expression level and the risk for brain relapse in HER-2+ advanced breast cancer patients. Consequently, quantitative assessment of HER-2 protein expression may inform and facilitate refinements in therapeutic treatment strategies for selected subpopulations of patients in this group.
Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Biology and Current Treatment Strategies
Authors: Shuch Brian , Bratslavsky Gennady , Linehan W. Marston , Srinivasan Ramaprasad 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe histologic features associated with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma.Outline current surgical approaches to treating sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Recent advancements in the molecular characterization of renal cell carcinoma altered the classification system and now kidney cancer is divided into several distinct histologic subtypes. Although once a separate histologic category, sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is no longer considered a separate tumor type because it can occur with all histologic subtypes. Limited research on tumors with sarcomatoid change has led to minimal progress in the understanding and treatment of these tumors. Because the sarcomatoid variant of renal cell carcinoma can account for approximately one in six cases of advanced kidney cancer, we hope to familiarize clinicians with these tumors by describing the historic background, histologic features, molecular characterization, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment strategies, and active clinical trials of this aggressive type of tumor.
Individual Auditors' Identification of Relevant Fraud Schemes
Authors: Simon Chad A. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARY
In this study, I experimentally investigate whether focusing on management's goals helps individual auditors identify ways management may be committing fraud (i.e., fraud schemes). I also examine whether forming independent expectations for a client's reported results enhances the benefits of focusing on management's goals. I find that auditors who are prompted to link relevant information to client management's goals identify more relevant fraud schemes than auditors who are not prompted to perform this process. However, I do not find that forming independent expectations for the client's reported results enhances the benefit of focusing on management's goals. In subsequent analysis, I also find that auditors who identify a higher number of relevant fraud schemes identify more audit procedures that target the case fraud.
Data Availability: Please contact the author.
Material Weakness Remediation and Earnings Quality: A Detailed Examination by Type of Control Deficiency
Authors: Bedard Jean C. , Hoitash Rani , Hoitash Udi , Westermann Kimberly 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARY
This paper investigates remediation of Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 material weaknesses (MWs). Prior research examines full remediation of all MWs or broad categories thereof. We build on these studies by investigating remediation of specific types of MW, thus measuring progress in improving controls made by companies that have not fully remediated all problems. Specifically, we investigate whether specific MW types differ in remediation likelihood and in the association of remediation with earnings quality. Results show that remediation rates of specific MW types vary, and that remediation of specific types is differentially associated with availability of company resources and corporate governance quality. We also find that remediation of some MW types is significantly associated with changes in abnormal accruals (e.g., entity-level problems in reconciliation and information technology, along with account-specific problems in revenue and tax). Finally, results show that problems remaining unremediated for two years are significantly associated with increased abnormal accruals, regardless of type.
Auditor Reporting Model Modifications: Practical Insights from the Academic Community
Authors: Glover Hubert D. , Reidenbach Matthew 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARY
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) Concept Release No. 2011-003 (PCAOB 2011a) proposes changes that may require auditors to disclose qualitative information about management and the audit. While there is evidence that a change may be necessary, it is unclear how the proposed changes would impact auditors. Based on our practitioner and educational experiences, we discuss potential impacts of these proposed changes on the current audit environment. We provide insights and recommend that the PCAOB perform additional research concerning this proposed standard prior to implementation to gain a more thorough understanding of all relevant issues.
Articulation Agreements: No Credits Left Behind
Authors: Montague Norma R. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTArticulation agreements, designed to facilitate transfer of credit between educational institutions, have been a part of the educational landscape for decades. Recent developments have highlighted the value and importance of articulation agreements as they relate to the transfer of accounting course credits, primarily the Principles of Accounting course, from two-year (i.e., community) colleges to four-year universities. Most of these developments are financial in nature, with some directly related to the current economic downturn. For instance, the steady rise in education costs has effectively shuttered access to four-year colleges for millions of students, many of whom will choose the lower-cost alternative of two-year community colleges. Given that approximately 40 percent of accounting students at two-year institutions currently report plans to transfer into four-year programs, effective articulation agreements become vital to the future of accounting education and the accounting profession. This paper discusses the benefits and limitations of articulation agreements as they pertain to a range of constituents, including students, faculty, administrators of two- and four-year colleges, and state policymakers. The paper offers best practices and future research opportunities regarding the most effective facilitation of credit transfer for the Principles course. In addition, a case study is included which illustrates these best practices.
Variants in the SIRT1 Gene May Affect Diabetes Risk in Interaction With Prenatal Exposure to Famine
Authors: Botden Ilse P.G. , Zillikens M. Carola , de Rooij Susanne R. , Langendonk Janneke G. , Danser A.H. Jan , Sijbrands Eric J.G. , Roseboom Tessa J. 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether SIRT1, a nutrient-sensing histone deacetylase, influences fetal programming during malnutrition.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In 793 individuals of the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort, we analyzed the interaction between three SIRT1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prenatal exposure to famine on type 2 diabetes risk.

RESULTS
In the total population (exposed and unexposed), SIRT1 variants were not associated with type 2 diabetes. A significant interaction was found between two SIRT1 SNPs and exposure to famine in utero on type 2 diabetes risk (P = 0.03 for rs7895833; P = 0.01 for rs1467568). Minor alleles of these SNPs were associated with a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes only in individuals who had been exposed to famine prenatally (odds ratio for rs7895833 0.50 [95% CI 0.24–1.03], P = 0.06; for rs1467568 0.48 [0.25–0.91], P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
SIRT1 may be an important genetic factor involved in fetal programming during malnutrition, influencing type 2 diabetes risk later in life.
On certain arithmetic functions involving the greatest common divisor
Authors: Krätzel Ekkehard , Nowak Werner , Tóth László 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The paper deals with asymptotics for a class of arithmetic functions which describe the value distribution of the greatest-common-divisor function. Typically, they are generated by a Dirichlet series whose analytic behavior is determined by the factor ζ2(s)ζ(2s − 1). Furthermore, multivariate generalizations are considered.
A combinatorial proof of a result for permutation pairs
Authors: Mansour Toufik , Shattuck Mark 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In this paper, a direct combinatorial proof is given of a result on permutation pairs originally due to Carlitz, Scoville, and Vaughan and later extended. It concerns showing that the series expansion of the reciprocal of a certain multiply exponential generating function has positive integer coefficients. The arguments may then be applied to related problems, one of which concerns the reciprocal of the exponential series for Fibonacci numbers.
Four particle harmonic-oscillator transformation brackets and their simplifications for special values of the mass-ratio parameters
Authors: Mickevičius Saulius , Germanas Darius , Kalinauskas Ramutis 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
We present a new independent scheme of SO(3) group transformations suitable for the N particle system, composed of N − 1 and 1 particle subsystems, where N − 1 particles have their own intrinsic clusterization. The simple expressions for corresponding four-particle harmonic-oscillator transformation brackets are presented, as well as their simplifications for the special values of mass ratio parameters d = 0, d → ∞ and d
1 = 0, d
1 → ∞.
Verrucous carcinoma of the tongue — a rare case study
Authors: Waskowska Jadwiga , Koszowski Rafal , Raczkowska-Siostrzonek Agnieszka , Stemplewska Katarzyna 
Published: January 2012

AbstractVerrucous carcinoma is a slow growing, well demarcated, exophytic variant of squamosus cell carcinoma with a characteristic verrucous presentation. It is a rare tumour and in 75% of cases it is localised in the oral cavity, and sporadically within the tongue. HPV infection is identified in 40% of patients. Good prognosis is characteristic for this tumour, since the 5-year survival is 93%. The authors describe a case of verrucous carcinoma localised in the tongue of a 62-year old patient. The clinical course, diagnostics and proposed treatment was described and discussed with the existing literature data.
Can the vapour phase be neglected to estimate bulk salinity of halite bearing aqueous fluid inclusions?
Authors: Bakker Ronald 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The bulk salinity cannot be directly obtained from the dissolution temperatures of halite in highly saline fluid inclusions that contain solid, liquid, and vapour at room temperature. At least two of the following independent parameters must be determined to estimate the bulk composition and density of these inclusions: 1. dissolution temperature of halite in the presence of vapour; 2. total homogenization temperature of liquid and vapour; and 3. volume fraction of the vapour phase. A new V
m-x diagram for phase stabilities in the H2O-NaCl system has been constructed to obtain these bulk fluid properties from inclusions that homogenize liquid and vapour phase at higher temperatures than dissolution of halite.
Comparative Potential of Different Botanicals and Synthetic Insecticides and Their Economics Against Leucinodes Orbonalis in Eggplant
Authors: Kumar Sharma , Masarrat Haseeb , Muntaha Qamar 
Published: January 2012

Comparative Potential of Different Botanicals and Synthetic Insecticides and Their Economics AgainstLeucinodes Orbonalisin EggplantThe field experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of two botanicals viz; ozoneem and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) and three chemical insecticides viz; imidacloprid, alphamathrin, chlorpyriphos 50% EC + cypermethrin 5% EC againstLeucinodes orbonalis, during the years from 2008 to 2009. Botanicals were tested alone and in combination with cultural practices. On the basis of the pooled means, the results revealed that three sprays of chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin @ 0.01% active substance (a.s.) in 15 days intervals was found to be the most economical, resulting in minimum shoot (2.15%) and fruit (12.95%) infestation respectively, followed by alphamathrin @ 0.01% a.s. with a highest marketable yield of 87.77 q/ha. Maximum marketable yield was received from the treatment with alphamathrin, but due to high costs involved in the use of this chemical, it took second place. Three sprays of NSKE @ 5 ml/lt. recorded a maximum of shoot (3.91%) and fruit (24.49%) infestation, respectively. However, shoot and fruit infestation was brought down and marketable yield increased to some extent, when these treatments were combined with cultural methods. It is therefore, suggested that the combination of chlorpyriphos 50% EC + cypermethrin 5% EC, being the most effective and economically viable insecticide, can be utilized as a valuable chemical component in Integrated Pest Management to manage theL. orbonalisin eggplant crop.
Egg Laying and Caterpillar Hatching Dynamics of Ostrinia Nubilalis Hbn. on Maize (Zea Mays L.) in South-Eastern Poland
Authors: Bereś Paweł 
Published: January 2012

Egg Laying and Caterpillar Hatching Dynamics ofOstrinia NubilalisHbn. on Maize (Zea MaysL.) in South-Eastern PolandDuring the study years, the European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalisHbn.) females began depositing eggs on maize plants between the last ten days of June and the first ten days of July. A maximum number of eggs on plants was found at the beginning of the second ten days of July and at the beginning of the third ten days of July. The last egg clusters were recorded in August. During the five years of the study period, the female oviposition period lasted from 4.5 to 8 weeks. The shortest oviposition period took place during the warm and dry years, while the longest period was during the rainy and relatively cold years. During the study years, within the entire flight period,O. nubilalisfemales deposited from 1,564 to 3,393 eggs on 200 observed plants. The average number of eggs per cluster in the study years was from 10.0 to 15.2. The beginning of caterpillar hatching, based on the observation of empty egg clusters, was recorded in the last ten days of June or in the first and second ten days of July. Mass hatching of the caterpillars was observed in the second and third ten days of July, and only in 2004 was it in the first ten days of August. The last empty egg clusters were recorded in the second and in the third ten days of August.
Bimetallic Wires: Technology for their Mechanical Cold Cladding and Functional Properties
Authors: Księżarek S. , Kazana W. , Ciura L. , Marszowski K. , Woch M. 
Published: January 2012

Bimetallic Wires: Technology for their Mechanical Cold Cladding and Functional Properties
Technologies for the production of Fe/Cu and FeNi42/Cu type cladded wires, their physical and mechanical properties and some areas of application, have been presented. The paper outlines the mechanism and conditions of cladding a composite material consisting of two different metals with a circular cross-section, having a form of a tube with a core wire placed inside that tube in the process of mechanical bonding performed with the use of cold drawing and diffusive annealing. Analysis of the cladding process and results of related research and tests carried out have been presented. These technological tests, including bending, torsion test and flattening, and examination of mechanical properties, were aimed at evaluating quality of metallurgical bonding between bimetal components. Particularly important appeared to be microstructure examination carried out with the use of X-ray micro-analyser, which enabled to evaluate degree of atomic diffusion at the boundary between the metals joined. Tests were also made with coating the surface of FeNi42/Cu bimetallic wires with a thin layer of borax, Cu2O copper oxide and nickel in order to check possibility of using them as lead-in wires in different light bulbs or electronic subassemblies. Production technology of bimetallic wires has been developed at the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals under many research and development projects. Evaluation of their functional properties was made.
Impact of Selected FSW Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of 6082-T6 Aluminium Alloy Butt Joints
Authors: Krasnowski K. , Sędek P. , Łomozik M. , Pietras A. 
Published: January 2012

Impact of Selected FSW Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of 6082-T6 Aluminium Alloy Butt Joints
In the friction stir welding (FSW) process a rotating and travelling tool equipped with a specially designed probe is slowly plunged into joined materials, plasticizes and stirs them thus forming a joint. Various geometric shapes of stirring tools make the motion of plasticized material very complex, which, in turn, translates to the structure and mechanical properties of joints. The article presents the results of tests focused on the impact of selected FSW process parameters on the mechanical properties of butt welded joints made of 6082 aluminium alloy. The tests were performed at various linear welding speeds, using singleand double-sided test joints welded with three types of stirring tools, differing in probe and shoulder geometry. The article reveals the results of mechanical and fatigue tests of the FSW joints.