bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention in Children and Adolescents With Headache
Authors: Riva Daria , Usilla Arianna , Aggio Federica , Vago Chiara , Treccani Chiara , Bulgheroni Sara 
Published: November 2011

Objective.— The previous studies reporting consistent visual reaction times slowing in patients with migraine prompted us to verify if headache could be associated to a broader impairment of attention. This study aims to undertake a thorough investigation of attentional performance by extending the evaluation to children with primary headache of different types.Methods.— We compared 62 children with headache (14 migraineurs with aura, 29 without aura and 19 with tension type headache) and 52 controls without headache, matched for age, sex, and intelligence using Conners' Continuous Performance Test.Results.— The 3 clinical groups did not differ in attentional measures. The headache patients, collapsed in 1 single sample, had mean scores in Hit Reaction Time significantly different from those of controls and also had a higher percentage of atypical scores in 2 indices of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (faster mean reaction time and more commissions).Conclusions.— Our results confirm the presence of an association between attentional problems and headache that may impact academic learning and daily activities on the long term. The finding that the 3 clinical groups did not show significant differences in attentional performance supports the hypothesis that migraine and tension headache form a continuum that may share the same pathophysiological mechanisms. These results are discussed considering that neurotransmitters and the cerebral circuits subserving headache, personality profile, and attention could overlap, thus predisposing these children to even mild attention malfunctioning.(Headache 2012;52:374‐384)
Recovery, survival, and function of transfused platelets and detection of platelet engraftment after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Vetlesen Annette , Holme Pål André , Lyberg Torstein , Kjeldsen‐Kragh Jens 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: Recovery and survival of transfused platelets (PLTs) are usually assessed by radioisotope labeling methods for evaluation of transfusion efficacy and new progress in the processing of PLT concentrates. Alternative, nonradioactive methods are warranted.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A multicolor flow cytometry method was developed for simultaneous studies of recovery, survival, and function of transfused PLTs. Eight consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (TX) were transfused with apheresis PLTs of nonself human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I types, and HLA Class I discrepancy between donor and recipient was used to identify transfused PLTs. Hematologic status and HLA Class I surface expression were analyzed immediately before transfusion, 1 and 6 hours after transfusion, and daily during the subsequent week. PLT activation was assessed by surface expression of CD63, CD62P, or CD42a, before and after stimulation with thrombin receptor agonist peptide.RESULTS: PLT recovery was 43, 41, and 31% for fresh (5‐72 hr old) and 30, 27, and 17% for stored (73‐148 hr old) PLTs, after 1, 6, and 15 to 28 hours, respectively. Survival of fresh versus stored PLTs were 160 and 105 hours, respectively. Spontaneous PLT activation and residual activation potential were almost equal for fresh and stored PLTs. PLT engraftment was detected between Day 7 and Day 9, which was significantly earlier than first sign of neutrophil engraftment (Days 11‐19; p = 0.01).CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry is an attractive alternative to radiolabeling of PLTs for simultaneous studies of survival, recovery, and function of transfused PLTs and early detection of PLT engraftment after allogeneic stem cell TX.
Europe Faces Crisis Brazil Solved
Authors: CARDOSO FERNANDO HENRIQUE 
Published: November 2011

The sovereign debt problem in Europe, ignited by Greece, has morphed into an economic crisis challenging the solvency of major banks and countries as well as a generalized crisis of governance. Lacking the legitimacy of public support, the leaders of the European Union's fledgling institutions have been indecisive and unable to contain the looming danger of financial contagion. Along with the economic slowdown in the United States, instability and volatility in Europe threaten to derail the fragile global recovery.In this section, several former European leaders as well as political figures from the emerging economies offer their ideas on how to fix Europe and stem the global threat.
The G‐20 Must Get Serious About Its Commitments
Authors: ZEDILLO ERNESTO , GONZALEZ FELIPE 
Published: November 2011

The sovereign debt problem in Europe, ignited by Greece, has morphed into an economic crisis challenging the solvency of major banks and countries as well as a generalized crisis of governance. Lacking the legitimacy of public support, the leaders of the European Union's fledgling institutions have been indecisive and unable to contain the looming danger of financial contagion. Along with the economic slowdown in the United States, instability and volatility in Europe threaten to derail the fragile global recovery.In this section, several former European leaders as well as political figures from the emerging economies offer their ideas on how to fix Europe and stem the global threat.
Commentary: Freedom to Marry: Touching the Hearts and Expanding the Dreams of Youth
Authors: Wolfson Evan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractYoung people dream of a life together with a committed partner, and the fight for the freedom to marry has a direct and positive effect on their self‐esteem and sense of empowerment as the research compiled and analyzed by Michelle A. Marzullo and Gilbert Herdt shows. Not surprisingly, young people across the board overwhelmingly support the freedom to marry and are helping fuel the momentum for ending marriage discrimination.
Dehydroxylation and Rehydroxylation Mechanisms in Fired Clay Ceramic: A TG‐MS and DRIFTS Investigation
Authors: Clegg Francis , Breen Chris , Carter Margaret A. , Ince Ceren , Savage Shaun D. , Wilson Moira A. 
Published: November 2011

Selected instrumental techniques [dilatometry, thermogravimetry – mass spectrometry (TG‐MS), and variable temperature – diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (VT‐DRIFTS)] have been used to investigate the role of moisture in the rehydroxylation reaction which causes expansion and mass gain in fired clay ceramics. The temperature range over which adsorbed water molecules and structural hydroxyl groups are desorbed from fired clay ceramic as it is reheated, and the nature of the structural hydroxyls that are formed as the ceramic is cooled and then held under controlled conditions have been explored. The mass chromatogram for m/z = 18, supported by VT‐DRIFTS, showed that physisorbed water molecules were removed from the ceramic at about 105°C, whereas strongly bound molecules of water and structural hydroxyls were held to ≤500°C. Dilatometry revealed a marked contraction of the ceramic between 200°C and 330°C which corresponded to loss of strongly bound molecules of water. The VT‐DRIFTS also showed that the interaction of water molecules with the ceramic body following reheating occurred in two stages and confirmed the kinetic law previously derived from mass gain and moisture expansion in fired clay ceramics.
Synthesis and Electromagnetic Shielding Property of Pyrolytic Carbon‐Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Dense Silicon Nitride Coating
Authors: Li Xiangming , Zhang Litong , Yin Xiaowei 
Published: November 2011

Pyrolytic carbon‐silicon nitride ceramics with dense silicon nitride coating (PyC‐Si3N4/Si3N4) were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration of PyC into porous Si3N4 ceramics combined with chemical vapor deposition of Si3N4 at their surface. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of PyC‐Si3N4/Si3N4 increases with the increase of PyC content and specimen thickness. When the content of PyC is 11.7 vol% and the thickness of specimen is 2.8 mm, the mean total SE of PyC‐Si3N4/Si3N4 reaches 43.2 dB in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. Due to the excellent sealing effect of dense Si3N4 coating, the mean total SE of PyC‐Si3N4/Si3N4 remains unchanged even after oxidation at 1100°C for 10 h in air.
Microstructures, Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Bulk Ti2AlC Synthesized by Self‐Propagating High‐Temperature Combustion Synthesis with Pseudo Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Bai Yuelei , He Xiaodong , Zhu Chuncheng , Chen Guiqing 
Published: November 2011

The microstructure and the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of bulk Ti2AlC synthesized by self‐propagating high‐temperature combustion synthesis with pseudo hot isostatic pressing (SHS/PHIP) were investigated in detail. The plate‐like Ti2AlC grains distribute irregularly, with the grain size of around 6 μm in length and 1 μm in width. With increasing temperature, the electrical resistivity increases linearly from room temperature (RT) to 900°C, but the thermal conductivity decreases slightly. The RT electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity are 0.40 ± 0.03 μΩ·m and 27.0 W·(m·K)−1, respectively. The electronic component of the thermal conductivity is the dominant mechanism at all temperatures, and the phonon contribution almost can be neglected above 873 K. With increasing temperature, the flexural strength increases first, then decreases above 550°C, at which it reaches the maximum value of 539 ± 36 MPa. The brittle‐to‐plastic transition temperature falls in the temperature range of 750°C–950°C. The Ti2AlC synthesized by SHS/PHIP process exhibits an anisotropic compressive strength. The work of fracture of Ti2AlC is estimated to be 200 ± 7 J/m2, which is much higher than that of traditional ceramics.
Experimental Rhodotorulosis infection in rats
Authors: WIRTH FERNANDA , GOLDANI LUCIANO Z. 
Published: November 2011

Wirth F, Goldani LZ. Experimental Rhodotorulosis infection in rats. APMIS 2012; 120: 231–5.The low pathogenicity of Rhodotorula spp. is probably related to its reduced ability to grow at 37 °C, an attribute typically enhancing virulence of pathogenic strains. Animal experimentation is a valuable tool to study the pathogenesis of unusual human mycosis, such as Rhodotorula infection. The authors describe the first experimental model of disseminated Rhodotorula infection described in the literature and comment the relevant histopathologic aspects of the infection. Our results showed that the most affected organs by R. mucilaginosa were the lungs, spleen, and especially the liver which presented severe degree of infection. Considering the animals were highly immunocompromised, histopathology of the involved affected organs revealed few epithelioid cells and multinuclear giant cells in association with abundant yeast forms with occasional granuloma formation.
Do hairdressers in Denmark have their hand eczema reported as an occupational disease? Results from a register‐based questionnaire study
Authors: Lysdal Susan H. , Søsted Heidi , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: November 2011

Background. Occupational hand eczema is common in hairdressers, owing to wet work and chemicals.Objectives. To estimate whether hairdressers in Denmark have their hand eczema reported as an occupational disease and to clarify the reasons for not reporting.Methods. A register‐based study was performed, comprising trained hairdressers (n = 7840), using a self‐administered postal questionnaire including questions on hand eczema and it being reported as an occupational disease. A response rate of 67.9% (n = 5324) was obtained.Results. Overall, 2186 respondents ever had hand eczema; 71.3% were apprentices at the time of hand eczema onset. The majority (61.9%) had had hand eczema several times and 21.3% (almost) all of the time, but only 20.7% had reported their hand eczema as being occupational to the National Board of Industrial Injuries (Denmark). A positive association between severity of hand eczema and filing a report was found (odds ratio 19.2; 95% confidence interval 8.18–45.06). The main reasons for not reporting were ‘I thought it would eventually get better’ (40.4%) and ‘My doctor didn't tell me it was possible to report it' (26.6%).Conclusions. Hand eczema is considerably under‐reported as an occupational disease; the perception of hand eczema among hairdressers and the lack of reporting from doctors are the main reasons for this.
Clinicopathological evaluation of carcinoma cuniculatum: a variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Yan , Kuyama Kayo , Burkhardt Arne , Yamamoto Hirotsugu 
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 303–308Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare neoplasm of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and remains a histopathological challenge to pathologists because of its low incidence and unique architecture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to illustrate the clinicopathological findings and biological behavior about this distinctive lesion. Clinical and follow‐up information were retrieved from medical charts, and histopathological analyses were performed. Our series included 15 cases of CC, and the study included seven men and eight women, age 44–92. The tongue and mandible were the most frequently affected sites. There were three lymph node metastasis cases, and three local recurrences; one of the patients died of lung metastasis from oral CC. Histopathologically, the point of differential diagnosis with other subtypes of OSCC included unique, cuniculatum architecture and branching crypts. Because of its well‐differentiated status, the prognosis of CC is usually optimistic. However, recurrent cases in our study might have possessed invasive biological characters that were not well controlled by conventional treatment; in one case, a portion of the CC transformed into conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This might suggest that transformed CC rather than primary CC should be further emphasized.
Continuous ultra‐low‐intensity artificial daylight is not as effective as red LED light in photodynamic therapy of multiple actinic keratoses
Authors: Wiegell Stine Regin , Heydenreich Jakob , Fabricius Susanne , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: November 2011

SummaryBackground/PurposeDaylight‐mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a simple and tolerable treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. It is of interest which light intensity is sufficient to prevent accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and effectively treat actinic keratoses (AKs). We compared the efficacy of PDT with light‐emitting diode (LED) to daylight‐mediated PDT with very low‐intensity artificial daylight (‘daylight’) in the treatment of multiple AKs in the face or scalp.MethodsTwenty patients were treated with conventional methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) PDT in one area. Another area was, after half an hour of occlusive treatment with MAL, illuminated for 2.5 h with low‐intensity ‘daylight’ (0.5 mW/cm2–3.7 mW/cm2) that corresponds to midday outdoor intensity in the Scandinavian winter.ResultsAfter 3 months, with a response rate of 52%, low‐dose artificial daylight was less effective than conventional LED‐PDT (63%) (P = 0.0017). The mean PpIX light dose during ‘daylight’ exposure was 2.23 J/cm2 and the lower the PpIX light intensity, the higher the accumulation of PpIX (P = 0.003).ConclusionsEven very low‐intensity/dose artificial daylight‐mediated PDT of multiple AKs resulted in a response rate of more than 50%. However, to ensure efficacies equivalent to conventional LED‐PDT, the treatment should not be conducted on very overcast days.
The effect of frequency of calcium hydroxide dressing change and various pre‐ and inter‐operative factors on the endodontic treatment of traumatized immature permanent incisors
Authors: Yassen Ghaeth H. , Chin Judith , Mohammedsharif Ahmed G. , Alsoufy Saif S. , Othman Samer S. , Eckert George 
Published: November 2011

Abstract –  Aim:  The objectives of this clinical study were as follows: (i) to determine the effect of frequency of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] dressing change on the apical barrier formation in immature permanent incisors with necrotic pulps and (ii) to investigate the effect of various clinical factors before and during treatment that may be associated with the frequency of Ca(OH)2 dressing changes.Methods:  The study involved 21 healthy subjects, 8–12 years old. Twenty‐three immature traumatized permanent maxillary central incisors were treated using Ca(OH)2 powder mixed with barium sulfate and distilled water. The progress of barrier formation was reviewed after 6 months of first placement of Ca(OH)2 and then every 3 months until the detection of an apical barrier. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed before and after treatment. Data were evaluated using a chi‐square test.Results:  Apical barrier formation was successful for all 23 teeth. Seventeen teeth (74%) needed only a single application of Ca(OH)2, while six teeth (26%) required more than one application. The average time of apical barrier formation was 30 weeks, and the mean number of Ca(OH)2 dressing changes was 1.3. A significant positive association was found between teeth that presented with displacement and the number of Ca(OH)2 dressing changes (P = 0.004).Conclusion:  An initial 6‐month application of Ca(OH)2 dressing followed by 3‐month replacements (usually in teeth presenting with displacement and/or sinus tracts) may be successfully used in apexification treatment. This would assist in reducing the number of Ca(OH)2 dressing changes, number of appointments, cost of treatment and radiation exposure.
The dynamical state of galaxy groups and their luminosity content
Authors: Martínez Héctor J. , Zandivarez Ariel 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We analyse the dependence of the luminosity function (LF) of galaxies in groups on group dynamical state. We use the Gaussianity of the velocity distribution of galaxy members as a measurement of the dynamical equilibrium of groups identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 by Zandivarez & Martínez. We apply the Anderson–Darling goodness-of-fit test to distinguish between groups according to whether they have Gaussian or non-Gaussian velocity distributions, i.e. whether they are relaxed or not. For these two subsamples, we compute the 0.1r-band LF as a function of group virial mass and group total luminosity. For massive groups, , we find statistically significant differences between the LF of the two subsamples: the LFs of groups that have Gaussian velocity distributions have a brighter characteristic absolute magnitude (∼0.3 mag) and a steeper faint-end slope (∼0.25). We detect a similar effect when comparing the LF of bright [ Gaussian and non-Gaussian groups. Our results indicate that, for massive/luminous groups, the dynamical state of the system is directly related to the luminosity of its galaxy members.
Reforming Pharmaceutical Industry-Physician Financial Relationships: Lessons from the United States, France, and Japan
Authors: Rodwin Marc A. 
Published: November 2011

Post-industrial societies confront common problems in pharmaceutical industry-physician relations. In order to promote sales, drug firms create financial relationships that influence physicians' prescriptions and sometimes even reward physicians for prescribing drugs. Three main types exist: (1) kickbacks, (2) gifts, and (3) financial support for professional activities. The prevalence of these practices has evolved over time in response to changes in professional codes, law, and markets. There are certainly differences among these types of ties, but all of them can compromise physicians' independent judgment and rational prescribing.Drug firms have paid kickbacks for prescribing drugs, purchasing drugs, switching brands prescribed, adding a drug to a hospital formulary, enrolling patients in post-marketing clinical trials, and writing practice guidelines that encourage the use of certain drugs.
Joint estimation of contemporary seed and pollen dispersal rates among plant populations
Authors: ROBLEDO‐ARNUNCIO J. J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThere are few statistical methods for estimating contemporary dispersal among plant populations. A maximum‐likelihood procedure is introduced here that uses pre‐ and post‐dispersal population samples of biparentally inherited genetic markers to jointly estimate contemporary seed and pollen immigration rates from a set of discrete external sources into a target population. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that accurate estimates and reliable confidence intervals can be obtained using this method for both pollen and seed migration rates at modest sample sizes (100 parents/population and 100 offspring) when population differentiation is moderate (FST ≥ 0.1), or by increasing pre‐dispersal samples (to about 500 parents/population) when genetic divergence is weak (FST = 0.01). The method exhibited low sensitivity to the number of source populations and achieved good accuracy at affordable genetic resolution (10 loci with 10 equifrequent alleles each). Unsampled source populations introduced positive biases in migration rate estimates from sampled sources, although they were minor when the proportion of immigration from the latter was comparatively low. A practical application of the method to a metapopulation of the Australian resprouter shrub Banksia attenuata revealed comparable levels of directional seed and pollen migration among dune groups, and the estimate of seed dispersal was higher than a previous estimate based on conservative assignment tests. The method should be of interest to researchers and managers assessing broad‐scale nonequilibrium seed and pollen gene flow dynamics in plants.
Signaling transduction analysis in gingival epithelial cells after infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Umeda J.E. , Demuth D.R. , Ando E.S. , Faveri M. , Mayer M.P.A. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryPeriodontal diseases result from the interaction of bacterial pathogens with the host’s gingival tissue. Gingival epithelial cells are constantly challenged by microbial cells and respond by altering their transcription profiles, inducing the production of inflammatory mediators. Different transcription profiles are induced by oral bacteria and little is known about how the gingival epithelium responds after interaction with the periodontopathogenic organism Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In the present study, we examined the transcription of genes involved in signaling transduction pathways in gingival epithelial cells exposed to viable A. actinomycetemcomitans. Immortalized gingival epithelial cells (OBA‐9) were infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 for 24 h and the transcription profile of genes encoding human signal transduction pathways was determined. Functional analysis of inflammatory mediators positively transcribed was performed by ELISA in culture supernatant and in gingival tissues. Fifteen of 84 genes on the array were over‐expressed (P < 0.01) after 24 h of infection with viable A. actinomycetemcomitans. Over‐expressed genes included those implicated in tissue remodeling and bone resorption, such as CSF2, genes encoding components of the LDL pathway, nuclear factor‐κB‐dependent genes and other cytokines. The ELISA data confirmed that granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor/colony‐stimulating factor 2, tumor necrosis factor‐α and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 were highly expressed by infected gingival cells when compared with control non‐infected cells, and presented higher concentrations in tissues from patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis than in tissues from healthy controls. The induction in epithelial cells of factors such as the pro‐inflammatory cytokine CSF2, which is involved in osteoclastogenesis, may help to explain the outcomes of A. actinomycetemcomitans infection.