bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid structural determination of alkaloids in a crude extract of Stemona saxorum by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Peng Shu‐Ying , Shi Ting , Wang Ya‐Zhou , Lin Li‐Gen , Yang Yi‐Ming , Jiang Hua‐Liang , Ye Yang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric behavior of five Stemona alkaloids, stemokerrin, oxystemokerrin, oxystemokerrilactone, oxystemokerrin N‐oxide and stemokerrin N‐oxide, was studied using an ESI tandem mass technique (MSn). These compounds, isolated from Stemona saxorum endemic in Vietnam, represent a class of alkaloids containing a pyrido[1,2‐a]azepine A,B‐ring core with a 1‐hydroxypropyl side chain attached to C‐4. Their fragmentation pathways were elucidated by ESI‐MSn results and the elemental composition of the major product ions was confirmed by accurate mass measurement. In order to rationalize some fragmentation pathways, the relative Gibbs free energies of some product ions were estimated using the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) method. Based on the ESI‐MSn results of five reference compounds, a reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (RP‐HPLC/MSn) method was developed for the characterization of Stemona alkaloids with a pyrido[1,2‐a]azepine A,B‐ring core from the extract of S. saxorum. A total of 41 components were rapidly identified or tentatively characterized, of which 12 compounds were identified as Stemona alkaloids with a pyrido[1,2‐a]azepine A,B‐ring core, including four new compounds. This method is convenient and sensitive, especially for minor components in complex natural product extracts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reusable Localized Surface Plasmon Sensors Based on Ultrastable Nanostructures
Authors: Vogel Nicolas , Jung Mathieu , Bocchio Noelia L. , Retsch Markus , Kreiter Maximilian , Köper Ingo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNanoparticle arrays created by nanosphere lithography are widely used in sensing applications since their localized surface plasmon resonances are extremely sensitive to changes in the local dielectric environment. A major drawback for any biologically oriented sensing application of conventionally produced particle arrays is the lack of stability of the nanoparticles in aqueous media and buffer solutions. Here, a robust and reusable nanoscale sensing platform based on localized surface plasmon resonances of gold nanoparticles embedded in a silicon dioxide matrix is presented. The architecture exhibits extremely high stability in aqueous environments and can be regenerated several times by simple mechanical cleaning of the surface. The platforms surface is ultraflat by design, thus making it an ideal substrate for any bio‐oriented sensing application.
Estimation and account for matrix effects in studying glass materials of cultural heritage by X‐ray spectral analysis
Authors: Revenko A. G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDiscussed are special features of the X‐ray spectral analysis in solving different problems related to the study of glass materials or objects, which are of archaeological, historical or artistic value. The following objects were considered: various dishes and colored glass. The study of the chemical composition of particular materials, for example, obsidian or raw materials for the production of glass is very often necessary to determine their sites. The increasing number of publications on these topics is noted. The versions of sample preparation and the problem of the heterogeneity of materials under study are considered. Essential attention was given to techniques for the conversion of experimental intensities into concentrations of elements determined. The estimates of the matrix effects are given when analyzing certain kinds of glass with X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abdominal Wound Dehiscence in Adults: Development and Validation of a Risk Model
Authors: van Ramshorst Gabriëlle H. , Nieuwenhuizen Jeroen , Hop Wim C. J. , Arends Pauline , Boom Johan , Jeekel Johannes , Lange Johan F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have been performed to identify risk factors for abdominal wound dehiscence. No risk model had yet been developed for the general surgical population. The objective of the present study was to identify independent risk factors for abdominal wound dehiscence and to develop a risk model to recognize high‐risk patients. Identification of high‐risk patients offers opportunities for intervention strategies.MethodsMedical registers from January 1985 to December 2005 were searched. Patients who had primarily undergone appendectomies or nonsurgical (e.g., urological) operations were excluded. Each patient with abdominal wound dehiscence was matched with three controls by systematic random sampling. Putative relevant patient‐related, operation‐related, and postoperative variables were evaluated in univariate analysis and subsequently entered in multivariate stepwise logistic regression models to delineate major independent predictors of abdominal wound dehiscence. A risk model was developed, which was validated in a population of patients who had undergone operation between January and December 2006.ResultsA total of 363 cases and 1,089 controls were analyzed. Major independent risk factors were age, gender, chronic pulmonary disease, ascites, jaundice, anemia, emergency surgery, type of surgery, postoperative coughing, and wound infection. In the validation population, risk scores were significantly higher (P < 0.001) for patients with abdominal wound dehiscence (n = 19) compared to those without (n = 677). Resulting scores ranged from 0 to 8.5, and the risk for abdominal wound dehiscence over this range increased exponentially from 0.02% to 70.1%.ConclusionsThe validated risk model shows high predictive value for abdominal wound dehiscence and may help to identify patients at increased risk.
Surgical technique: new advancements for expanding indications and safety
Authors: Torzilli Guido 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe technical issues discussed herein represent part of the panorama of innovative approaches proposed for the surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); in particular, the attention is focused on the recent advances in the field of planning the surgical strategy and performing liver dissection via ultrasound guidance. It is described how recent technical advances have allowed the range of scenarios for which surgery is indicated in liver cirrhosis patients with HCC to be widened. Indeed, the ability to spare the liver parenchyma with respect to liver inflow and outflow and its biliary drainage as well as to perform the anatomic removal of subsegmental portions of the liver has enabled surgeons to provide new therapeutic horizons, and will probably result in modifications to the therapeutic flow charts of HCC patients once the new horizons are fully accepted by nonsurgical specialists devoted to the treatment of these complex patients.
Miglustat therapy in juvenile Sandhoff disease
Authors: Tallaksen C. M. E. , Berg J. E. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryGM2‐gangliosidosis is a rare and heterogeneous inherited metabolic disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in genes encoding the lysosomal enzyme β‐hexosaminidase, resulting in the accumulation of ganglioside GM2 in various tissues, particularly the central nervous system. It is characterized by progressive neurological deterioration that mainly affects motor and spinocerebellar function. Several forms of GM2‐gangliosidosis exist, including the Sandhoff variant. Currently there is no treatment for these conditions, except for palliative care. Miglustat (Zavesca) is a reversible inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, which catalyses the first committed step in the synthesis of glucose‐based glycolipids. Miglustat has pharmacokinetic properties that allow it to cross the blood‐brain barrier, and preclinical data suggest that it may benefit neuronopathic lysosomal storage diseases. Here we present a case report of a Norwegian patient with Sandhoff disease treated with miglustat at our centre in Norway. The patient initially presented with ataxia and dysarthria at 2–3 years of age, which progressed slowly during childhood. At age 14, he experienced episodes of depression and apathy, leading to weight loss. He was diagnosed with Sandhoff disease at age 16. Following 2.5 years of treatment with miglustat, his body weight was stabilized and disease progression appeared to have slowed, as evidenced by the lack of progressive brain atrophy. His depressive symptoms were managed using electroconvulsive treatment (ECT), which improved general functioning. These findings suggest that miglustat may provide beneficial effects in patients with juvenile Sandhoff disease, and that ECT may alleviate depressive symptoms.
Oenocarpus bataua Mart. (Arecaceae): Rediscovering a Source of High Oleic Vegetable Oil from Amazonia
Authors: Montúfar Rommel , Laffargue Andréina , Pintaud Jean‐Christophe , Hamon Serge , Avallone Sylvie , Dussert Stéphane 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe fatty acid (FA) composition of Oenocarpus bataua oil from 38 samples collected over a large geographical range (i.e. French Guiana and Peru) was analyzed. Fifteen fatty acids were obtained from the mesocarp of this palm species. Oleic (72.7%) and palmitic (18.1%) acids were the predominant FAs. Minor FAs were cis‐vaccenic acid (2.3%), linoleic acid (1.9%), stearic acid (1.7%), palmitoleic (0.9%) and alpha‐linolenic acid (0.8%). The mean lipid content of the dry mesocarp was 51.6%. The O. bataua oil samples analyzed were remarkably rich in α‐tocopherol. By contrast, the other fractions of the unsaponifiable matter (sterols, carotenoids) did not show any noteworthy specificity in comparison with common vegetable oils. However, the particularly high percentage in Δ5‐avenasterol of O. bataua oil could serve as a marker for its authentication. Results are discussed in terms of the potential nutritional value of O. bataua oil.
Managing Variability in Perioperative Services
Authors: Dempsey Christina J. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTVariability within perioperative services has come to be something physicians, perioperative nurses, and managers expect. Peaks and valleys in schedules; differences in physician preferences for surgical implants, instruments, and supplies; staffing competencies; and inpatient bed availability are just a few examples of day‐to‐day variability that affects perioperative services personnel.Rather than simply responding to variability, however, the goal should be to eliminate variability in patient flow as much as possible and effectively manage what cannot be eliminated.Combining the hard science of queuing theory and simulation modeling with the soft science of change management and operations improvement expertise is the key to success, and a collaborative team makes it possible. AORN J 90 (November 2009) 677–697. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Safe Handling of Cytotoxic Agents: A Team Approach
Authors: Willemson‐McBride Tara L. , Gehan Karen 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe use of cytotoxic medications has become increasingly prevalent in the OR for the treatment of bladder tumors. Perioperative nursing staff members in the day surgery unit, OR, and postanesthesia care unit at St Mary's General Hospital, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, expressed concern about their lack of knowledge in the safe handling of cytotoxic medications and contaminated wastes.Facility educators recognized this as an area of risk for the hospital and a learning need for staff members. As a result, they formed a committee with members representing nursing, pharmacy, infection control, occupational health, and environmental safety to develop a policy and protocol for the safe use of cytotoxic medications. AORN J 90 (November 2009) 731–740. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
WELFARE PROVISION IN OXFORD DURING THE LATTER STAGES OF THE OLD POOR LAW, 1800–1834
Authors: DYSON RICHARD 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTWhile recent research in the English context on the so-called ‘economy of makeshifts’ has demonstrated the importance of alternative welfare options outside of the poor law, less work has been conducted on the situation in larger towns and cities. This article seeks to remedy this imbalance by examining the different welfare systems available in one city, Oxford, during the early nineteenth century. Poor law provision in the city, while extensive, was significantly less per capita than in rural parts of Oxfordshire. There was a high degree of charitable provision, not only from the continued survival of endowed charity, but also from the creation of newer subscription charities. The contribution made by charity to medical provision for the poor was especially significant, as was the role of emergency subscriptions in alleviating short-term economic and other crises. With such a varied range of assistance, traditional assumptions concerning the importance of the poor law in urban areas may require revision, with implications not only for the scale and measurement of poverty, but also for the ways in which both poor and wealthy alike managed and negotiated the supply of welfare.
DEBATING WAR AND PEACE IN LATE ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND
Authors: GAJDA ALEXANDRA 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTPeace with Spain was debated by Elizabeth I's government from 1598, when France and Spain made peace by signing the Treaty of Vervins. Robert Devereux, second earl of Essex was zealously hostile to accommodation with Spain, while other privy councillors argued in favour of peace. Arguments for and against peace were, however, also articulated in wider contexts, in particular in a series of manuscript treatises, and also in printed tracts from the Netherlands, which appeared in English translation in the late 1590s. This article explores ways that ideas of war and peace were disseminated in manuscript and printed media outside the privy council and court. It is argued that disagreement about the direction of the war reveals differing contemporary responses to the legitimacy of the Dutch abjuration of Spanish sovereignty and the polity of the United Provinces, which have implications for our understanding of political mentalities in late Elizabethan England.
Clinical and anatomical heterogeneity in autistic spectrum disorder: a structural MRI study
Authors: Toal F. , Daly E. M. , Page L. , Deeley Q. , Hallahan B. , Bloemen O. , Cutter W. J. , Brammer M. J. , Curran S. , Robertson D. , Murphy C. , Murphy K. C. , Murphy D. G. M. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundAutistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by stereotyped/obsessional behaviours and social and communicative deficits. However, there is significant variability in the clinical phenotype; for example, people with autism exhibit language delay whereas those with Asperger syndrome do not. It remains unclear whether localized differences in brain anatomy are associated with variation in the clinical phenotype.MethodWe used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate brain anatomy in adults with ASD. We included 65 adults diagnosed with ASD (39 with Asperger syndrome and 26 with autism) and 33 controls who did not differ significantly in age or gender.ResultsVBM revealed that subjects with ASD had a significant reduction in grey-matter volume of medial temporal, fusiform and cerebellar regions, and in white matter of the brainstem and cerebellar regions. Furthermore, within the subjects with ASD, brain anatomy varied with clinical phenotype. Those with autism demonstrated an increase in grey matter in frontal and temporal lobe regions that was not present in those with Asperger syndrome.ConclusionsAdults with ASD have significant differences from controls in the anatomy of brain regions implicated in behaviours characterizing the disorder, and this differs according to clinical subtype.
Domestic violence and severe psychiatric disorders: prevalence and interventions
Authors: Howard L. M. , Trevillion K. , Khalifeh H. , Woodall A. , Agnew-Davies R. , Feder G. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundThe lifetime prevalence of domestic violence in women is 20–25%. There is increasing recognition of the increased vulnerability of psychiatric populations to domestic violence. We therefore aimed to review studies on the prevalence of, and the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions in, psychiatric patients experiencing domestic violence.MethodLiterature search using Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE applying the following inclusion criteria: English-language papers, data provided on the prevalence of or interventions for domestic violence, adults in contact with mental health services.ResultsReported lifetime prevalence of severe domestic violence among psychiatric in-patients ranged from 30% to 60%. Lower rates are reported for men when prevalence is reported by gender. No controlled studies were identified. Low rates of detection of domestic violence occur in routine clinical practice and there is some evidence that, when routine enquiry is introduced into services, detection rates improve, but identification of domestic violence is rarely used in treatment planning. There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of routine enquiry in terms of morbidity and mortality, and there have been no studies investigating specific domestic violence interventions for psychiatric patients.ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of domestic violence in psychiatric populations but the extent of the increased risk in psychiatric patients compared with other populations is not clear because of the limitations of the methodology used in the studies identified. There is also very limited evidence on how to address domestic violence with respect to the identification and provision of evidence-based interventions in mental health services.
Opposite relationships between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Ringen P. A. , Vaskinn A. , Sundet K. , Engh J. A. , Jónsdóttir H. , Simonsen C. , Friis S. , Opjordsmoen S. , Melle I. , Andreassen O. A. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundCannabis use is associated with altered neurocognitive functioning in severe mental disorders, but data are still inconclusive and there are no studies of bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cannabis use and neurocognition in bipolar disorder compared with schizophrenia in a naturalistic setting.MethodA total of 133 patients with bipolar disorder and 140 patients with schizophrenia underwent neuropsychological assessments and clinical characterization including measures of substance use. Relationships between cannabis users and neurocognitive function were explored in the two diagnostic groups. Possible interactions between diagnosis and cannabis use were investigated, and findings were controlled for possible confounders.ResultsIn bipolar disorder subjects, cannabis use was associated with better neurocognitive function, but the opposite was the case for the schizophrenia subjects. There was a statistically significant interaction effect of diagnosis and cannabis use on focused attention (p=0.019), executive functioning (verbal fluency – set shifting) (p=0.009), logical memory-learning (p=0.007) and on logical memory-recall (p=0.004). These differences in neurocognitive function could not be explained by putative confounders.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that cannabis use may be related to improved neurocognition in bipolar disorder and compromised neurocognition in schizophrenia. The results need to be replicated in independent samples, and may suggest different underlying disease mechanisms in the two disorders.
Dawsonia Nicholson: linguliform brachiopods, crustacean tail-pieces and a problematicum rather than graptolite ovarian vesicles
Authors: Page Alex , Wilby Philip R. , Mellish Claire J. T. , Williams Mark , Zalasiewicz Jan A. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThough little is known of the graptoloid reproductive mechanism, graptolites with putatively sac-like appendages, supposedly ovarian vesicles, have been known from the Moffat Shales Group, Southern Uplands, Scotland, for over 150 years. Locally, these co-occur with isolated, two-dimensional, discoidal or ovato-triangular fossils. In the 1870s, Nicholson interpreted these isolated fossils as being graptoloid ‘egg-sacs’ detached from their parent and existing as free-swimming bodies. He assigned them to his genus Dawsonia, though the name was pre-occupied by a trilobite, and named four species: D. campanulata, D. acuminata, D. rotunda and D. tenuistriata. A reassessment of Nicholson’s type material from the Silurian of Moffatdale, Scotland, and from the Ordovician Lévis Formation of Quebec, Canada, shows that Dawsonia Nicholson comprises the inarticulate brachiopods Acrosaccus? rotundus, Paterula? tenuistriata and Discotreta cf. levisensis, the tail-piece of the crustacean Caryocaris acuminata and the problematic fossil D. campanulata. Though D. campanulata resembles sac-like graptolite appendages, morphometric analysis reveals the similarity to be superficial and the systematic position of this taxon remains uncertain. There is no definite evidence of either D. campanulata or sac-like graptoloid appendages having had a reproductive function.
Appendages of early Cambrian Eoredlichia (Trilobita) from the Chengjiang biota, Yunnan, China
Authors: Hou Xianguang , Clarkson Euan N. K. , Yang Jie , Zhang Xiguang , Wu Guangqing , Yuan Zibo 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe early Cambrian Chengjiang biota in Yunnan, southern China has yielded many articulated exoskeletons of the spiny redlichiid trilobite Eoredlichia intermedia, of which some have their appendages exceptionally well preserved. Both of the paired uniramous antennae of a medium-sized holaspis consist of 46–50 short segments (articles), each of which bears a fine spine near its inner edge. Behind the antennae there are twenty-one pairs of biramous limbs: three pairs are situated underneath the cephalon, one pair underneath each of the fifteen thoracic segments, and probably three pairs underneath the small pygidium. The endopod consists of a broad basis and seven podomeres, of which the last is divided into three terminal spines. The exopod is blade-like, and according to one interpretation, is dorsally hinged to the basis of the endopod; an alternative suggestion being that both the endopod and exopod are split from the basis, the latter being independent and not forming part of the endopod. The exopod has a prominent anterior rim, and possesses about forty long filaments along the posterior margin, and short setae along the rounded distal lobe. The basic appendage features of the redlichiid trilobites, and likewise the gut, are comparable to those of other known Cambrian polymerid trilobites that belong to more distantly related clades.