bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On cone‐beam computed tomography artifacts induced by titanium implants
Authors: Schulze Ralf Kurt Willy , Berndt Dorothea , D'Hoedt Bernd 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives: To briefly review the mathematical background of beam‐hardening artifacts in cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐reconstruction and to investigate geometrical properties relevant for these reconstruction errors. By means of simulated and experimental results, beam‐hardening effects caused by titanium implants are evaluated.Materials and methods: The geometrical and physical properties of the acquisition process of the projections used for 3D reconstruction are investigated and their effects on the CBCT images in the presence of titanium implants are derived. Beam‐hardening effects are computed for a simplified polychromatic situation (three energy subsets of 80 and 110 kV) and compared with experimental results from a hard‐plaster phantom containing two ‘implants’ (pure titanium rods; 4 mm diameter) exposed in two CBCT machines.Results: Massive absorption within a typical implant body (diameter: 4 mm) was computed for the low‐energy subset of both energies (80 kV: 99.7%; 110 kV: 90.9%), whereas the high‐energy subsets are only marginally absorbed (80 kV: 14.8%; 110 kV: 11.3%). Accordingly, phantom data revealed drastically reduced gray values in artifact‐affected regions (3DAccuitomo: −46% to −51%) or (3DExam: −55%) plus increased noise (+67% vs. +73%), when compared with unaffected regions.Conclusions: Our theoretical and experimental results prove massive beam‐hardening artifacts for a typical implant diameter and typical energies of up‐to‐date CBCT machines. Meaningful artifact reduction has to be based on more sophisticated mathematical modeling of the actual physical image acquisition process rather than on postprocessing of the erroneous results obtained from the rather crude reconstruction algorithms used presently. To cite this article:
Schulze RKW, Berndt D, d'Hoedt B. On cone‐beam computed tomography artifacts induced by titanium implants. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2008; 100–107.
Caries and background factors in Norwegian and immigrant 5‐year‐old children
Authors: Wigen Tove I. , Wang Nina J. 
Published: October 2009

Wigen TI, Wang NJ. Caries and background factors in Norwegian and immigrant 5‐year‐old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 19–28. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to assess the caries status of 5‐year‐olds in a low caries area, and study associations between dental caries and parent‐related factors: parents’ education, national origin, oral health behaviours and attitudes.Methods:  The material consisted of 523 children and was a stratified random sample. Clinical and radiographic examination was performed in 2007. Enamel and dentine caries were recorded at surface level. Parents filled in questionnaires regarding socioeconomic status, their own oral health behaviours and attitudes.Results:  Most participants (66%) had no caries experience and 16% had enamel caries only. Dentine caries experience was present in 18% of the children, and 5% had dentine caries experience in five or more teeth. Surfaces with enamel caries constituted half of all surfaces with caries experience. In multiple logistic regression, statistically significant risk indicators for the child having dentine caries experience at the age of five were: having one or both parents of non‐western origin (OR = 4.8), both parents (OR = 3.0) or one parent (OR = 2.1) with low education, parental laxness about the child’s tooth brushing (OR = 2.8), parents’ brushing their own teeth less than twice a day (OR = 2.2) and having parents with frequent sugar intakes (OR = 1.8).Conclusion:  Caries prevalence in 5‐year‐olds was strongly associated with parent‐related factors signifying that information on parents’ socioeconomic status, dental behaviours and attitudes should be considered when planning dental services for young children. Our results suggest that the real high risk group is non‐western children whose parents have low education.
Quantification of betel quid chewing and cigarette smoking in oral cancer patients
Authors: Tsai Kuo‐Yang , Su Che‐Chun , Lin Yo‐Yu , Chung Jian‐An , Lian Ie‐Bin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  Betel quid chewing and cigarette smoking are two of the risk factors for some dental diseases as well as oral cavity cancer in Taiwan. The aim of the study was to quantify these factors in oral cavity cancer patients and compare the prevalence of these factors in patients and the general population.Methods:  A questionnaire was designed to evaluate betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in 254 patients, who had squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, and had received surgical excision at the Changhua Christian Hospital in Taiwan between 2005 and 2008. The results were compared with those of population of Taiwan, based on a nation‐wide survey with sample of 26 744 people.Results:  We found that more than 80% of the male patients were both betel quid chewers and smokers. Few women in the survey practiced betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking or alcohol drinking. Chewers and smokers usually started the habits in their 20s. On average, a chewer patient consumed 12 508 betel quid pieces per year, for 23.3 years before the diagnosis of oral cavity cancer, making the total amount of betel quid consumed nearly 310 000 pieces; and a smoker patient consumed 469 packs per year, for 28.5 years before diagnosis, making the total number of about 14 000 packs. Patients with both habits had the age at diagnosis 4 years earlier than the smoker‐only patients, 5 years earlier than the chewer‐only patients, and 6 years earlier than those with neither.Conclusions:  On average, it took two decades of betel quid chewing and cigarette smoking before oral cavity cancer diagnosis, making the life‐time consumption of these substances an astonishing amount. Betel quid chewing and cigarette smoking patients are more likely to be diagnosed with oral cavity cancer at a younger age than those who have just one habit or none. Patients that smoke more are not only more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age, but also at an advanced stage.
Adolescent toothbrushing and the home environment: sociodemographic factors, family relationships and mealtime routines and disorganisation
Authors: Levin Kate A. , Currie Candace 
Published: October 2009

Levin KA, Currie C. Adolescent toothbrushing and the home environment: sociodemographic factors, family relationships and mealtime routines and disorganisation. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 10–18. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  Previous studies have shown that sociodemographic factors are associated with adolescent toothbrushing. While there has been some investigation of parental modelling of oral health behaviour and the association between parental support and oral health, there has been no investigation of the home environment and its effect on oral health behaviour. The current study examines variables related to the family, including mealtime routines and family relationships to determine the best predictors of adolescent toothbrushing.Methods:  Data from the 2006 Health Behaviour in School‐Aged Children Survey were modelled using logistic univariate and multivariable modelling with outcome variable twice‐a‐day toothbrushing.Results:  Higher family socioeconomic and affluence were significantly associated with greater odds of toothbrushing twice a day or more. Family structure was also significantly associated with girls’ toothbrushing. However, under the multivariable model, eating breakfast was found to be the best predictor of twice‐a‐day toothbrushing among boys and girls. The next best predictor of boys’ toothbrushing was eating family meals and of girls’ toothbrushing, never going to bed hungry, followed by family affluence for both boys and girls. Under the multivariable model, family structure was no longer significantly associated with girls’ toothbrushing.Conclusions:  The study shows that the family and home environment should play a central role in the promotion of oral health, through mealtime routines, incorporating a fair parenting style and developing open and positive family relationships. Not only are these strongly associated with twice a day toothbrushing but, unlike sociodemographic factors, they may be relatively easy to adopt.
Effect of honey and its major royal jelly protein 1 on cytokine and MMP‐9 mRNA transcripts in human keratinocytes
Authors: Majtan Juraj , Kumar Pawan , Majtan Tomas , Walls Andrew F. , Klaudiny Jaroslav 
Published: October 2009

Please cite this paper as: Effect of honey and its major royal jelly protein 1 on cytokine and MMP‐9 mRNA transcripts in human keratinocytes. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e73–e79.Abstract:  Honey has been used since ancient times as a remedy in wound healing. However, even though the results from randomized clinical trials document that honey accelerates wound healing, no study dealing with its influence on human skin cells (epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast) has been performed. We demonstrate that keratinocytes, which are known to be involved in wound healing, are responsible for elevated production of mediators including cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and TGF‐β) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) after incubation with honey. Real‐time PCR was performed for the quantification of mRNA level of selected cytokines and MMP‐9. Furthermore, we show that the increased level of MMP‐9 in the epidermis following incubation with honey leads to degradation of type IV collagen in the basement membrane. These data indisputably demonstrate that honey activates keratinocytes and support the findings that honey may accelerate wound healing process.
About the cutaneous targets of bexarotene in CTCL patients
Authors: Knol Anne Chantal , Quéreux Gaëlle , Brocard Anabelle , Ballanger Fabienne , Khammari Amir , Nguyen Jean‐Michel , Dréno Brigitte 
Published: October 2009

Please cite this paper as: About the cutaneous targets of bexarotene in CTCL patients. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e299–e301.Abstract:  There are several approved therapies for cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). The retinoids are one of the major biologic response modifiers used in CTCL, producing good response rates but few complete responses. Bexarotene has been demonstrated to act on malignant T‐cells by inducing their apoptosis, but nothing is known about its role on keratinocytes and Langerhans cells. Immunohistochemical analysis using CD1a, HLA‐DR, ICAM‐1 (activation markers), CD95 and CD40 (apoptosis markers) was conducted on frozen sections of bexarotene‐exposed cutaneous explants and skin biopsy specimens from patients treated with bexarotene. None of the studied markers was significantly modulated both on cutaneous explants and on skin biopsy specimens after treatment with bexarotene, compared to controls. Langerhans cells and keratinocytes do not appear to play a central role in the therapeutic control of CTCL by bexarotene therapy. The main bexarotene’s target thus remains T‐cells by inducing their apoptosis, a mechanism that is different from the other retinoids used in CTCL.
Basic measures and systemic medical treatment of patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Hanken Imke , Schimmer Melanie , Sander Christian A. 
Published: October 2009

Summary Background: With an incidence of 1.5–1.8/1 million inhabitants per year, toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare but life threatening disease. It is almost always drug‐induced and its lethality is pronounced with up to 50 %. Several therapeutic options are described in literature; however, there is still lack of a universally accepted and specific therapy of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Methods: This survey considers 8 cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis diagnosed and treated in our clinic from 2003 to 2007. The epidermal sloughing was > 30 % of the body surface in each case. Results: After immediately discontinuing the drug suspected of being responsible for toxic epidermal necrolysis, we treated with systemic corticosteroids in an initial dose of up to 1.5 mg/kg. Moreover, special emphasis was put on basic measures such as control of vital parameters. With this treatment we reached good results; none of the patients died. Conclusions: Immediate beginning of therapy is essential for a successful treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Besides systemic therapy with corticosteroids, certain basic measures such as isolation of patients at adequate room temperature to prevent hypothermia, strict control of circulation, temperature and laboratory parameters, daily smears of skin and mucous membranes and a diet rich in calories due to the catabolic metabolic status are very important for successful outcome.
Relationship between the lactation curve and udder disease incidence in different lactation stages in first‐lactation Holstein cows
Authors: YAMAZAKI Takeshi , TAKEDA Hisato , NISHIURA Akiko , TOGASHI Kenji 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTWe examined the relationships between the shape of the first parity lactation curve and udder disease incidence at different stages of lactation in 538 Holstein cows. Data used were first‐parity daily milk yields and treatment records. Each cow was classified according to whether or not it had had udder disease at least once over the whole lactation period or in one of three stages within the lactation period. We then examined the differences in the shapes of the lactation curves between the disease incidence and non‐incidence group in each stage. Cows that had high rates of increase in milk yield and high milk yields in early lactation were predisposed to udder disease afterwards. Cows with high milk production over a long period but with low lactation persistency were predisposed to udder disease after the peak of lactation. There was no difference in total milk yield between incidence and non‐incidence groups in all stages, suggesting that, for a comparable level of lactation, cows without udder diseases have flatter lactation curves.
Microbiological and Sensorial Quality Assessment of Ready‐to‐Cook Seafood Products Packaged under Modified Atmosphere
Authors: Speranza B. , Corbo M.R. , Conte A. , Sinigaglia M. , Del Nobile M.A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT:  The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (30:40:30 O2:CO2:N2 and 5:95 O2:CO2) on the quality of 4 ready‐to‐cook seafood products were studied. In particular, the investigation was carried out on hake fillets, yellow gurnard fillets, chub mackerel fillets, and entire eviscerated cuttlefish. Quality assessment was based on microbiological and sensorial indices determination. Both packaging gas mixtures contributed to a considerable slowing down of the microbial and sensorial quality loss of the investigated seafood products. Results showed that sensorial quality was the subindex that limited their shelf life. In fact, based primarily on microbiological results, samples under MAP remained acceptable up to the end of storage (that is, 14 d), regardless of fish specie. On the other hand, results from sensory analyses showed that chub mackerel fillets in MAP were acceptable up to the 6th storage d, whilst hake fillets, yellow gurnard fillets, and entire cuttlefish became unacceptable after 10 to 11 d. However, compared to control samples, an increase in the sensorial shelf life of MAP samples (ranging from about 95% to 250%) was always recorded.Practical Application: Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is an inexpensive and uncomplicated method of extending shelf life of packed seafood. It could gain great attention from the fish industrial sector due to the fact that MAP is a practical and economic technique, realizable by small technical expedients. Moreover, there is great attention from the food industry and retailers to react to the growing demand for convenience food, thus promoting an increase in the assortments of ready‐to‐cook seafood products.
Inactivation of Aspergillus niger in Mango Nectar by High‐Pressure Homogenization Combined with Heat Shock
Authors: Tribst Alline A.L. , Franchi Mark A. , Cristianini Marcelo , De Massaguer Pilar R. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT:  This research evaluated the inactivation of a heat‐resistant Aspergillus niger conidia in mango nectar by high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) combined with heat shock. A.niger were inoculated in mango nectar (106 conidia mL−1) and subjected to HPH (300 to 100 MPa) and heat shock (80 °C for 5 to 20 min) before or after HPH. Processes were evaluated according to number of decimal reductions reached by each isolated or combined process. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe conidia wall after pressure treatment. Pressures below 150 MPa did not inactivate A. niger while pressures of 200 and 300 MPa resulted in 2 and more than 6 log reductions, respectively. D80 °C of A. niger was determined as 5.03 min. A heat shock of 80 °C/15 min, reaching 3 decimal conidia reductions, was applied before or after a 200 MPa pressure treatment to improve the decimal reduction to 5 log cycles. Results indicated that HPH inactivated A. niger in mango nectar at 300 MPa (>6.24 log cycles) and that, with pressure (200 MPa) combined with post heat shock, it was possible to obtain the same decimal reduction, showing a synergistic effect. On the other hand, pre heat shock associated with HPH resulted in an additive effect. The observation of A. niger conidia treated by HPH at 100 and 200 MPa by scanning electron microscopy indicated that HPH promoted intense cell wall damage, which can sensitize the conidia to post heat shock and possibly explain the synergistic effect observed. Practical Application: The results obtained in this paper are relevant to elucidate the mechanism of conidia inactivation in order to develop the application of HPH as an alternative pasteurization process for the fruit nectar industry.
Survival of Cronobacter Species in Reconstituted Herbal Infant Teas and their Sensitivity to Bovine Lactoferrin
Authors: Al‐Nabulsi Anas A. , Osaili Tareq M. , Shaker Reyad R. , Olaimat Amin N. , Ayyash Mutamed M. , Holley Richard A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT:  Cronobacter is a new genus containing 5 species previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii. The popularity of “natural” substances and alternative medicine has extended the use of natural antimicrobials and herbs to foods, and some herbs are claimed to relieve gastric disturbances in infants. The present study investigated the antimicrobial activity of bovine lactoferrin (LF) and Cronobacter survival in commercial herbal infant teas (HITs) reconstituted with water at different temperatures. Cronobacter cells were able to grow in all reconstituted HITs at 37 or 21 °C after 6 h. A 4‐log reduction in Cronobacter was achieved by reconstituting herbal infant tea at ≥ 60 °C. LF was able to reduce Cronobacter species viability in herbal infant tea. No viable cells were recovered after 4 h at 37 °C in the presence of ≥5mg LF/mL. The bactericidal activity of LF was reduced at lower concentrations and lower temperatures. This study demonstrates that if present in reconstituted herbal infant tea, Cronobacter can grow and this may compromise the safety of these products. Therefore, addition of LF to reconstituted HIT may be a promising approach for the effective control of this organism.Practical Application: Cronobacter species can be isolated from herbal teas, and these products are claimed to relieve gastric disturbances in infants. This study demonstrates that Cronobacter cells present in reconstituted herbal infant teas (HITs) can grow if not held at acceptable temperatures. It was shown that reconstitution of these tea formulas with ≥ 60 °C water reduced the potential risk from Cronobacter. Furthermore, use of lactoferrin (LF) may be a promising approach for effective control of these organisms in HIT held at nonrefrigeration temperatures (10 to 37 °C) for short periods.
COLONY: a program for parentage and sibship inference from multilocus genotype data
Authors: JONES OWEN R. , WANG JINLIANG 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPedigrees, depicting genealogical relationships between individuals, are important in several research areas. Molecular markers allow inference of pedigrees in wild species where relationship information is impossible to collect by observation. Marker data are analysed statistically using methods based on Mendelian inheritance rules. There are numerous computer programs available to conduct pedigree analysis, but most software is inflexible, both in terms of assumptions and data requirements. Most methods only accommodate monogamous diploid species using codominant markers without genotyping error. In addition, most commonly used methods use pairwise comparisons rather than a full‐pedigree likelihood approach, which considers the likelihood of the entire pedigree structure and allows the simultaneous inference of parentage and sibship. Here, we describe colony, a computer program implementing full‐pedigree likelihood methods to simultaneously infer sibship and parentage among individuals using multilocus genotype data. colony can be used for both diploid and haplodiploid species; it can use dominant and codominant markers, and can accommodate, and estimate, genotyping error at each locus. In addition, colony can carry out these inferences for both monoecious and dioecious species. The program is available as a Microsoft Windows version, which includes a graphical user interface, and a Macintosh version, which uses an R‐based interface.
Evidence for Cancer Stem Cells in Human Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Hubbard Sonya A. , Friel Anne M. , Kumar Beena , Zhang Ling , Rueda Bo R. , Gargett Caroline E. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the highly regenerative human endometrium harbors rare populations of epithelial progenitor cells. In tumors of other regenerative epithelial tissues, rare cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified that may have originated from normal epithelial stem/progenitor cells. We hypothesized that CSC are responsible for epithelial neoplasia associated with endometrial carcinoma, the most common gynecologic malignancy in women. Stem cell characteristics of single cells isolated from endometrial carcinoma tissues from women ages 62 ± 11.8 years (n = 34) were assessed. Twenty-five of 28 endometrial carcinoma samples contained a small population of clonogenic cells [0.24% (0-1.84%)], with no significant difference in cloning efficiency between the three grades of endometrial carcinoma or between endometrial carcinoma and normal endometrial epithelial samples. Isolated endometrial carcinoma cells transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunocompromised mice in serial dilution (2 × 106-1 × 104 cells) generated tumors in 8 of 9 samples with morphologies similar to the parent tumors. These tumors recapitulated cytokeratin, vimentin, estrogen receptor-α, and progesterone receptor expression of the parent tumor, indicating that tumor-initiating cells likely differentiated into cells comprising the endometrial carcinoma tissue. Individual clones underwent serial clonal subculture 2.5 to 4 times, with a trend of increasing number of subclonings with increasing tumor grade, indicating increasing self-renewal with greater malignancy. Clonally derived endometrial carcinoma cells also expressed the self-renewal genes BMI-1, NANOG, and SOX-2. Isolated cells from primary tumors were serially transplanted 3 to 5 times in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice, showing self-renewal in vivo. This evidence of cells with clonogenic, self-renewing, differentiating, and tumorigenic properties suggests that a CSC population may be responsible for production of endometrial carcinoma tumor cells. [Cancer Res 2009;69(21):8241–8]