bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can cotton seed size mitigate preemergence herbicides injury?
Authors: Holladay Sarah K. , Marshall Michael W. , Plumblee Michael T. , Jones Michael A. , Narayanan Sruthi , Inman Matthew D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPreemergence herbicides (PRE) have become integral for weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), especially with the prevalence of glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.). However, PRE herbicides have the potential to injure cotton seedlings. Previous research has shown that a larger seed size can compensate for early season stresses which could mitigate potential PRE herbicide injury. In this study, we evaluated growth and yield of two cotton varieties with different seed sizes (large and small) in response to three PRE herbicides alone and in combination. Percent visual injury, biomass, plant heights, stand counts, lint yield, and fiber quality were obtained to make comparisons between seed sizes and PRE treatments. In both years, the large‐seeded variety had a higher biomass at 3‐leaf stage. However, both varieties had “grown out” of the herbicide injury at 42 days after planting and the early season vigor of the larger seed did not result in higher lint yield. The small‐seeded variety had greater yield in both years of the study. This may be due to the genetics or yield potential of the small‐seeded variety, or bolls containing smaller seeds typically have a greater number of seeds with more opportunity for lint production. Cotton treated with diuron had the most visual injury and decreased biomass. The results from this study will allow growers to make more informed decisions with regards to seed size, vigor, and PRE herbicide choices. If crop injury is likely, a larger seeded cotton variety may mitigate potential early season injury; however, seed size did not have an impact on final lint yield.
Modulation of Intermolecular Interactions in Organic Emitters for Highly Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jiao Yihang , Qiu Weidong , Li Mengke , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe adverse aggregated‐caused quenching (ACQ) problem of most electroluminescent materials existing in highly doped thin films is one of the key factors impeding the commercialization of high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) panel. Whereas, by delicately constructing and modulating moderate intermolecular interactions, some aggregates have been demonstrated to present distinct luminescent properties such as tunable emission spectra, improved photoluminescence quantum yields, different emission mechanism and enhanced horizontal transition dipole ratio (Θ) of emitting layer, providing feasible solution for ACQ problem. The luminescence from newly generated emissive state in aggregates is different from the traditional “isolated” molecules in organic electronics and will possess novel properties and applications. Herein, we summarize the different types of intermolecular interactions within emitter aggregates exhibiting distinct luminescent mechanisms, as well as their effects on photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties, offering reliable reference for the advancement of highly efficient OLEDs utilizing aggregated emitters.
Electrophilic Behavior of the “Nucleophilic” Pyramidane: Reactivity of Ge‐Pyramidane towards Organolithium Reagents
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya. , Wang Junkang , Sasamori Takahiro , Gapurenko Olga A. , Minyaev Ruslan M. , Minkin Vladimir I. , Takeuchi Katsuhiko , Fukaya Norihisa , Gornitzka Heinz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe particular reactivity of the recently discovered class of the main group element polyhedral clusters, pyramidanes, remains largely unexplored. In this communication, we report the reaction of the germapyramidane with tert‐butyllithium leading to the rather unusual organogermanium compound [Li+(thf)2]⋅2−, as the product of the formal insertion of a Ge‐apex into the C−Li bond. This reactivity mode exemplifies unusual electrophilic behaviour of a pyramidane, which is a priori considered as a nucleophilic reagent. Being highly reactive, [Li+(thf)2]⋅2− readily undergoes reactions with electrophiles (MeI, EtBr), initially forming intermediate germahousenes, which isomerize to the thermodynamically more favourable germoles.
Impact of Binder Content and Type on the Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Anode Materials
Authors: Zhang Sheng S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBinders are crucial for stabilizing the cycling performance of silicon (Si) materials by preventing Si particle pulverization during lithiation and delithiation. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are the two most studied binders for Si electrodes, with PAA being an elastic polymer and CMC a rigid polymer. Starting with the elastic PAA, in this work the impact of binder content on the cycling performance of Si electrodes is studied. It is found that regardless of Si particle size, there is an optimal binder content between 20 % and 25 % for the cycling stability of Si electrodes. On the other hand, the rigid CMC binder results in lower capacity and faster capacity fading for Si electrodes compared with the elastic PAA. AC‐impedance analysis reveals that the lower capacity is due to higher grain boundary resistance (Rgb) in CMC‐coated electrodes, leading to high charge‐transfer resistance (Rct) and increased polarization. This high polarization triggers premature termination during the discharging process (i. e., the lithiation) of Li/Si cells, underutilizing the Si active material. Additionally, the rapid capacity fading of CMC‐coated electrodes is attributed to the rigid binder's inferior ability to prevent Si particle pulverization.
Cellulose‐based smart materials: Novel synthesis techniques, properties, and applications in energy storage and conversion devices
Authors: Bishnoi Pariksha , Siwal Samarjeet Singh , Kumar Vinod , Thakur Vijay Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere has been a significant scope toward the cutting‐edge investigations in hierarchical carbon nanostructured electrodes originating from cellulosic materials, such as cellulose nanofibers, available from natural cellulose and bacterial cellulose. Elements of energy storage systems (ESSs) are typically established upon inorganic/metal mixtures, carbonaceous implications, and petroleum‐derived hydrocarbon chemicals. However, these conventional substances may need help fulfilling the ever‐increasing needs of ESSs. Nanocellulose has grown significantly as an impressive 1D element due to its natural availability, eco‐friendliness, recyclability, structural identity, simple transformation, and dimensional durability. Here, in this review article, we have discussed the role and overview of cellulose‐based hydrogels in ESSs. Additionally, the extraction sources and solvents used for dissolution have been discussed in detail. Finally, the properties (such as self‐healing, transparency, strength and swelling behavior), and applications (such as flexible batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, flexible supercapacitors and carbon‐based derived from cellulose) in energy storage devices and conclusion with existing challenges have been updated with recent findings.
Analysing the impacts of extreme torrential events using multi‐temporal LiDAR datasets—The Schöttlbach catchment, Upper Styria, Austria
Authors: Krenn Paul , Kamp Nicole , Peßenteiner Stefanie , Sass Oliver 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtreme precipitation events in small alpine catchments trigger hazardous hydro‐geomorphic processes that cause considerable damage to settlements and infrastructure. In summer 2011 and 2017, two flood events mobilizing large amounts of sediments struck the town of Oberwölz (Styria, Austria) located at the outlet of the Schöttlbach catchment. We used data from local weather stations and precipitation radar to analyse the meteorological settings that caused the flooding. We compiled a consistent sediment budget for the 2017 event by combining geomorphic mapping, connectivity analysis, high‐resolution airborne LiDAR (ALS) and uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV)‐borne LiDAR (ULS), data from other authors for the 2011 event and external information (e.g., event analysis and excavation data). The 2017 event mobilized higher sediment volumes than the 2011 event (131 000 m3 vs 90 000 m3) even though 24‐h precipitation and peak discharges were lower in 2017. First assumptions that the larger sediment output was caused by the reworking of the 2011 flood deposits proved to be incorrect. The impacts of the 2011 event affected the resilience of the geomorphic system resulting in a significantly higher hillslope sediment supply. We conclude that sediment transport in alpine catchments can increase disproportionately when recurrence intervals fall below a critical level.
Construction of an immune‐related prognostic model and potential drugs screening for esophageal cancer based on bioinformatics analyses and network pharmacology
Authors: Qi Pengju , Qi Bo , Gu Chengwei , Huo Shuhua , Dang Xinchen , Liu Yuzhen , Zhao Baosheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal cancer (ESCA) is a highly invasive malignant tumor with poor prognosis. This study aimed to discover a generalized and high‐sensitivity immune prognostic signature that could stratify ESCA patients and predict their overall survival, and to discover potential therapeutic drugs by the connectivity map.MethodsThe key gene modules significantly related to clinical traits (survival time and state) of ESCA patients were selected by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WCGNA), then the univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses were used to construct a 15‐immune‐related gene prognostic signature.ResultsThe immune‐related risk model was related to clinical and pathologic factors and remained an effective independent prognostic factor. Enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the high‐ and low‐risk groups were associated with tumor cell proliferation and immune mechanisms. Based on the gathered data, a small molecule drug named perphenazine (PPZ) was elected. The pharmacological analysis indicates that PPZ could help in adjuvant therapy of ESCA through regulation of metabolic process and cellular proliferation, enhancement of immunologic functions, and inhibition of inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to explore and verify the PPZ‐core target interactions.ConclusionWe succeed in structuring the immune‐related prognostic model, which could be used to distinguish and predict patients' survival outcome, and screening a small molecule drug named PPZ. Prospective studies also are needed to further validate its analytical accuracy for estimating prognoses and confirm the potential use of PPZ for treating ESCA.
The phenotypic spectrum of PTCD3 deficiency
Authors: Lace Baiba , Faqeih Eissa , Kaya Namik , Krumina Zita , Mayr Johannes A. , Micule Ieva , Wright Nathan Thompson , Achleitner Melanie T. , AlQudairy Hanan , Pajusalu Sander , Stavusis Janis , Zayakin Pawel , Inashkina Inna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe PTCD3 gene product (protein PTCD3 or MRPS39) forms the entry channel of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit and binds to single‐stranded mRNA. Here, we expand on the clinical manifestations of PTCD3 pathogenic variants by describing an early‐onset patient with Leigh‐like syndrome and two patients with milder form of disease, with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency. A 34‐year‐old male and his 33‐year‐old sister both have horizontal nystagmus, pronounced rough tremor, truncal ataxia, dysmetria, spasticity and hyperreflexia. The basal respiration rate decreased significantly for the male patient and his mother (p < 0.0001) compared to the controls. The whole genome sequencing analysis revealed two heterozygous variants in the PTCD3: c.1182T>A, p.(Tyr394Ter) and c.805C>T, p.(His269Tyr). Tyr394Ter variant ablates the C‐terminal half of the protein, including a significant portion of the central fold. In silico modelling for the variant His269Tyr shows that the inclusion of the slightly larger tyrosine sidechain is well tolerated, with no significant change in either the position or the movement of the surrounding area. The third case is a 9‐year‐old boy, who has a global developmental delay, central hypotonia, hyperreflexia and abnormal MRI. PTCD3 pathogenic variant c.538+4A>G was identified by whole exome sequencing. To test the variant's effect on splicing, an RT‐PCR experiment was performed, which revealed skipping of an out‐of‐frame exon 7.
Tandem mass spectrometry of homologous 3‐hydroxyfurazan and nitrile amino acids: Analysis of cooperative interactions and fragmentation processes
Authors: Grossert J. Stuart , Crowell Andrew M. J. , Boschi Donatella , Lolli Marco L. , White Robert L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe assignment of structure by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) relies on the interpretation of the fragmentation behavior of gas‐phase ions. Mass spectra were acquired for a series of heterocyclic mimetics of acidic amino acids and a related series of nitrile amino acids. All amino acids were readily protonated or deprotonated by electrospray ionization (ESI), and distinctive fragmentation processes were observed when the ions were subjected to collision‐induced dissociation (CID). The deprotonated heterocycles showed bond cleavages of the 3‐hydroxyfurazan ring with formation of oxoisocyanate and the complementary deprotonated nitrile amino acid. Further fragmentation of the deprotonated nitrile amino acids was greatly dependent on the length of the alkyl nitrile side chain. Competing losses of CO2 versus HCN occurred from α‐cyanoglycinate (shortest chain), whereas water was lost from 2‐amino‐5‐cyanopentanoate (longest chain). Interestingly, loss of acrylonitrile by a McLafferty‐type fragmentation process was detected for 2‐amino‐4‐cyanobutanoate, and several competing processes were observed for β‐cyanoalanate. In one process, cyanide ion was formed either by consecutive losses of ammonia, carbon dioxide, and acetylene or by a one‐step decarboxylative elimination. In another, complementary ions were obtained from β‐cyanoalanate by loss of acetonitrile or HN=CHCO2H. Fragmentation of the protonated 3‐hydroxyfurazan and nitrile amino acids resulted in the cumulative loss (H2O + CO), a loss that is commonly observed for protonated aliphatic α‐amino acids. Overall, the distinct fragmentation behavior of the multifunctional 3‐hydroxyfurazan amino acids correlated with the charged site, whereas fragmentations of the deprotonated nitrile amino acids showed cooperative interactions between the nitrile and the carboxylate groups.
Cysteine, sodium metabisulfite, and glutathione enhance crosslinking between proteins during high moisture meat analog extrusion processing and may improve the fibrousness of the products
Authors: Richter Jana K. , Watanabe Preston , Bernin Josh , Smith Brennan , Mitacek Rachel , Ganjyal Girish M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh moisture meat analog (HMMA) products processed using extrusion have become increasingly popular in the last few years. Because the formation of disulfide bonds is believed to play a critical role in the texturization mechanism, this study aimed to understand how chemical compounds capable of reducing disulfide bonds, specifically cysteine, sodium metabisulfite, and glutathione, affect the texture and the chemical interactions between the proteins.METHODWheat protein blended with cysteine, sodium metabisulfite, or glutathione at levels of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g kg−1 was extruded at three different temperatures (115, 140, and 165 °C) using a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. The feed rate (85 g min−1), the moisture content (600 g kg−1), and the screw speed (300 rpm) were kept constant. Unextruded and extruded material was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, polymeric protein fractionation, and sulfhydryl group/disulfide bond analysis. Extruded samples were further analyzed for their hardness and their anisotropic index.RESULTSThe inclusion of reductants significantly affected the structure of the obtained extrudates. Although reducing agents had a relatively small impact on the total amount of disulfide bonds, their action significantly enhanced crosslinking between the proteins. At select conditions, samples with high fibrousness were specifically obtained when cysteine or sodium metabisulfite was included at levels of 5.0 g kg−1.DISCUSSIONIn the presence of reducing agents, it is believed that disulfide bonds are split earlier during the process without binding to them, giving the protein strands more time to unravel and align, leading to a better flow behavior and more fibrous products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Integrating deep learning with non‐destructive thermal imaging for precision guava ripeness determination
Authors: Low Ee Soong , Ong Pauline , Sim Jia Qing , Sia Chee Kiong , Ismon Maznan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo mitigate post‐harvest losses and inform harvesting decisions at the same time as ensuring fruit quality, precise ripeness determination is essential. The complexity arises in assessing guava ripeness as a result of subtle alterations in some varieties during the ripening process, making visual assessment less reliable. The present study proposes a non‐destructive method employing thermal imaging for guava ripeness assessment, involving obtaining thermal images of guava samples at different ripeness stages, followed by data pre‐processing. Five deep learning models (AlexNet, Inception‐v3, GoogLeNet, ResNet‐50 and VGGNet‐16) were applied, and their performances were systematically evaluated and compared.RESULTSVGGNet‐16 demonstrated outstanding performance, achieving average precision of 0.92, average sensitivity of 0.93, average specificity of 0.96, average F1‐score of 0.92 and accuracy of 0.92 within a training duration of 484 s.CONCLUSIONThe present study presents a scalable and non‐destructive approach for guava ripeness determination, contributing to waste reduction and enhancing efficiency in supply chains and fruit production. These initiatives align with environmentally friendly practices in agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding the configurational causes of traveler's moral ambiguity in the sharing economy: Evidence from PLS‐fsQCA
Authors: Fan Xiaojun , Zheng Shuyin , Jiang Xinyu , Deng Nianqi , Xu Pengbo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough the sharing economy in tourism has garnered much positive attention, perennial ethical gray areas have been ignored. Drawing upon the ecological systems theory, we investigate the influence of different systemic factors, classified as individual differences and environmental context, on the ethical behavior of travelers (i.e., reporting malfunctions in a bike‐sharing context and saving water/electricity in a peer‐to‐peer accommodation context). PLS‐SEM and fsQCA are applied to analyze and examine proposed hypotheses. The results complement the factor configuration differences between the two behaviors. Moreover, this study provides new insights into the regulatory guidelines for shared service operators in the tourism industry.
Influence of aerosol–meteorology interactions on visibility during a wintertime heavily polluted episode in Central‐East, China
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Yue , Zhuang Zibo , Yuan Chengduo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAtmospheric visibility profoundly impacts daily life, and accurate prediction is crucial, particularly in conditions of low visibility characterized by high aerosol loading and humidity. This study employed the WRF‐Chem model to simulate a severe wintertime haze pollution episode that transpired from January 17 to 19, 2010, in Central‐East China (112–122° E, 34–42° N). The results reveal that excluding aerosol–meteorology interactions led to underestimated PM2.5 concentrations and relative humidity in comparison with ground‐based measurement data, accompanied by a significant overestimation of visibility. Aerosols can engage with meteorological elements, particularly humidity, resulting in positive feedback. Upon considering these feedback interactions, the simulation results showed an increase of 5.17% and 1.99% in PM2.5 concentration and relative humidity, respectively, compared with the original simulation. This adjustment narrowed the bias between simulated and measured data. The overestimation of simulated visibility was reduced by 16% and 25% for the entire study period and the severe haze pollution period, respectively. These findings underscore the vital role of incorporating aerosol–meteorology interactions in visibility simulations using the WRF‐Chem model. Notably, the inclusion of aerosol–meteorological feedback significantly enhances the accuracy of visibility predictions, particularly during heavily polluted periods.
Technical note: Dosimetry and FLASH potential of UHDR proton PBS for small lung tumors: Bragg‐peak‐based delivery versus transmission beam and IMPT
Authors: van Marlen Patricia , van de Water Steven , Slotman Ben J. , Dahele Max , Verbakel Wilko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐energy transmission beams (TBs) are currently the main delivery method for proton pencil beam scanning ultrahigh dose‐rate (UHDR) FLASH radiotherapy. TBs place the Bragg‐peaks behind the target, outside the patient, making delivery practical and achievement of high dose‐rates more likely. However, they lead to higher integral dose compared to conventional intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT), in which Bragg‐peaks are placed within the tumor. It is hypothesized that, when energy changes are not required and high beam currents are possible, Bragg‐peak‐based beams can not only achieve more conformal dose distributions than TBs, but also have more FLASH‐potential.PurposeThis works aims to verify this hypothesis by taking three different Bragg‐peak‐based delivery techniques and comparing them with TB and IMPT‐plans in terms of dosimetry and FLASH‐potential for single‐fraction lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).MethodsFor a peripherally located lung target of various sizes, five different proton plans were made using “matRad” and inhouse‐developed algorithms for spot/energy‐layer/beam reduction and minimum monitor unit maximization: (1) IMPT‐plan, reference for dosimetry, (2) TB‐plan, reference for FLASH‐amount, (3) pristine Bragg‐peak plan (non‐depth‐modulated Bragg‐peaks), (4) Bragg‐peak plan using generic ridge filter, and (5) Bragg‐peak plan using 3D range‐modulated ridge filter.ResultsBragg‐peak‐based plans are able to achieve sufficient plan quality and high dose‐rates. IMPT‐plans resulted in lowest OAR‐dose and integral dose (also after a FLASH sparing‐effect of 30%) compared to both TB‐plans and Bragg‐peak‐based plans. Bragg‐peak‐based plans vary only slightly between themselves and generally achieve lower integral dose than TB‐plans. However, TB‐plans nearly always resulted in lower mean lung dose than Bragg‐peak‐based plans and due to a higher amount of FLASH‐dose for TB‐plans, this difference increased after including a FLASH sparing‐effect.ConclusionThis work indicates that there is no benefit in using Bragg‐peak‐based beams instead of TBs for peripherally located, UHDR stereotactic lung radiotherapy, if lung dose is the priority.