bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of serum Vitamin D and salivary calcium and phosphorus levels in 3-11-year-old schoolchildren with dental caries
Authors: Pratyusha N. , Vinay C. , Uloopi KS , RojaRamya Kakarla Sri , Ahalya P. , Devi Chigurupati 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Vitamin D plays an essential role in the formation of healthy teeth, protection against dental caries, and the appropriate secretion of salivary calcium. Salivary calcium and phosphate help in maintaining equilibrium between demineralization and remineralization of teeth. If we know the association between serum Vitamin D and salivary calcium and phosphorus, we may get a clue regarding serum Vitamin D levels which in turn is essential for good oral health.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the association of serum Vitamin D levels and salivary calcium and phosphorus levels in children with dental caries.

Settings and Design:
This was a comparative cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred children of age 6–11 years, 50 with Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) ≥5 (test group) and 50 with DMFT = 0 (control group), were included in the study. Oral examination was carried out and DMFT/deft scores were recorded. Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D levels and salivary calcium and phosphorous levels were measured.

Statistical Analysis:
Independent sample t-test, linear regression analysis, and Pearson correlation test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Children with dental caries have shown lesser mean serum Vitamin D levels (15.37 ± 3.53) than caries-free children (17.26 ± 3.16). Children with decayed teeth have exhibited lower salivary calcium levels (3.92 ± 0.99) than those without caries (4.42 ± 1.37). Conversely, children with dental caries have shown higher mean salivary phosphate levels (6.27 ± 1.74) than caries-free children (5.18 ± 1.47). There is a significant decrease in salivary calcium (P = 0.018) and serum Vitamin D (P = 0.004) with a significant increase in number of decayed teeth. The greater the Vitamin D deficiency, the lesser are the salivary calcium levels observed (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Children with Vitamin D deficiency have lower salivary calcium levels. Vitamin D deficiency and lower salivary calcium levels can be the potential risk factors for the occurrence of dental caries.
A clinical trial on topical effect of probiotics on oral Streptococcus mutans counts in children
Authors: Patil Raju Umaji , Nachan Vedashri Prashant , Patil Sameer S. , Mhaske Rahul Vasantrao 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Probiotics compete with the cariogenic oral bacteria like Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) for carbohydrates resulting in substrate depletion and reduction in the number of S. mutans.

Aim:
The evaluation of topical effect of short-term application of Probiotic formulation on S. mutans counts in plaque of 7-12 years old children with decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) score 2-5.

Materials and Methods:
A registered randomized clinical trial (Clinical Trials Registry of India/ICMR - CTRI/2019/09/021205) was conducted on 7-12 years medium risk 10 children with dmft/DMFT score 2-5, where an innovative probiotic formulation (prepared from capsule) was applied for 6 consecutive days, on teeth and pre/post plaque samples were evaluated for S. mutans count on mitis salivarius agar.

Results:
There was statistically significant and drastic reduction from 608,200 to 6600 (>90%) in the S. mutans count in plaque after the application of probiotic solution for a short period of time (6 days).

Conclusion:
Short-term application of probiotics can be used as an alternate topical preventive therapy to reduce the count of S. mutans effectively in oral cavity/plaque. Hence, probiotic can be used as topical caries preventive agent.
A retrospective study on the role of surfactants in respiratory distress syndrome among neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in Western India
Authors: Das Sayan Kumar , Prajapati Nisha 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is one of the leading causative factors of morbidity and mortality in neonates of developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate role of Surfactants in RDS with due regard to administration timing, outcome and comparison between two natural surfactants- Survanta (bovine lung extract), and Curosurf (Poractant alfa).

Methods:
A Retrospective Study was conducted on neonates admitted between 16th May, 2021 to 15th Nov, 2022 (for 18 months duration) at NICU of GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar. A dataset was created consisting of neonates with final diagnosis of RDS who received Surfactant and outcome was analyzed based on various parameters.

Results:
Out of 2001 NICU Admissions, 176 (8.79 %) were RDS cases. Out of 176 RDS cases, 131 (74.43 %) were inborn and 45 (25.57 %) were outborn, 96 (54.54 %) were male and 80 (45.46 %) were female cases. Among 176 RDS cases, 92 (54.27 %) cases were treated with Curosurf, and 84 (47.73 %) were treated with Survanta. Out of 128 cases where surfactant administered within first 6 hrs of birth had 106 cases (82.81 %) successfully discharged and 22 (17.19 %) died and out of 48 cases where surfactant is given beyond 48 hrs, 21 (43.75 %) cases were successfully discharged and 27 (56.25 %) cases were expired.

Conclusion:
Study reveals that RDS cases are invariably related to preterms (161 / 91.5 %) and Low Birth Weight 63 (35.79%) neonates. It has been observed after comparing 112 (63.63 %) successfully discharged and 49 (27.84 %) expired cases that early administration of Surfactant is having a good outcome. Study reveals that there were no significant difference in mortality between Curosurf and Surventa. However, need for repeated doses in Curosurf group is less than Surventa.
A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Subgingivally Delivered 0.5% Azithromycin Gel and 1% Chlorhexidine Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Vhanmane Priyanka , Nandy Rishi , Mangalekar Sachin B. , Rai Jeeth , Sagare Shweta V. , Kumbhare Shruti 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Chronic periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth. Adjunctive therapies to scaling and root planing (SRP) play a crucial role in enhancing treatment outcomes. This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of subgingivally delivered 0.5% azithromycin gel and 1% chlorhexidine gel as adjuncts to SRP in the management of chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
A comparative clinical evaluation was conducted involving 60 participants diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. They were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received subgingival application of 0.5% azithromycin gel after SRP, whereas Group B received 1% chlorhexidine gel in a similar manner. Clinical parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline and 3-month follow-up.

Results:
Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in clinical parameters after treatment. However, Group A exhibited a greater reduction in PPD (mean decrease of 2.5 mm) compared with Group B (mean decrease of 1.8 mm). Similarly, Group A showed a higher gain in CAL (mean gain of 2.3 mm) compared with Group B (mean gain of 1.5 mm). In addition, a significant reduction in GI was observed in both groups, with Group A showing slightly better outcomes.

Conclusion:
Subgingivally delivered 0.5% azithromycin gel demonstrated superior clinical efficacy as an adjunct to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis compared with 1% chlorhexidine gel. The findings suggest that azithromycin gel may serve as a promising therapeutic option in managing periodontal disease.
Awareness of Orthodontists Toward Management of Orthodontic Patients Suffering with Diabetes Mellitus in Central India Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Mhaske Arun R. , Parhad Sameer M. , Sattar Sakina Abdul , Pandey Ashish , Fafat Kapil Kamalkishor , Tekale Pawankumar Dnyandeo 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To evaluate orthodontists’ awareness and knowledge about management of orthodontic patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and determine if the treatment approach is according to the international guidelines.

Methods:
This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Central India from January 2023to December 2023 and included 60 orthodontists from different dental clinics in private practice. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, with questions about the orthodontic management of patients with DM. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical software, version 22.

Results:
Significant variation is seen while evaluating the HB1Ac, maintaining oral hygiene, and consideration for optimal control of periodontitis in DM.

Conclusion:
Controlled DM is not a contraindication for orthodontic treatment. During orthodontic treatment, special consideration is obligatory concerning periodontal problems and proper oral hygiene to prevent the progression of periodontal breakdown.
Forensically Valuable Odonatological Records Documentation in an Era of Electronics: How Aware Are the Dental Fraternity?
Authors: Garg Kriti , Mehrotra Vishal , Srivastava Aaryan Raj , Umrao Sarika 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Forensic odontology plays a pivotal role in the identification of victims in mass disasters with the help of “Preserved dental records” available to general dental practitioners (GDPs). Comparison of dental data obtained from the deceased person with dental data obtained by the dentist from the person’s file is a primary method of identification through dental evidence.

Aim:
We explored the practice of maintaining dental records among GDPs, as well as their knowledge of legal regulations and the application of dental records in forensic odontology.

Materials and Method:
Two hundred fifty dentists participated in an online survey. Questions covered general information on dentists, maintenance of dental records, and knowledge of legal requirements and forensic odontology.

Results:
Overall, 85.2% of dentists obtain and archive written informed consent, while 73.2% retain records in the form of dental cast. Generally, non-carious dental lesions and developmental dental anomalies were not recorded. About 90.8% of dentists use Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) notation.

Conclusion:
The survey revealed different practices in the maintenance of dental records, including significant flaws and a lack of awareness of their forensic importance. This obvious need for additional education on the proper maintenance of dental records could be met by including forensic odontology in compulsory undergraduate courses and postgraduate dental education. Establishing national and international standards in dental charting would comply with contemporary trends in health care and the requirements of forensic expertise.
Challenges and Experiences Faced by Physiotherapists in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Thakur Kavita , Sohkhlet Gracia , David Sudeep , Gangurde Shweta , Borah Nirankush , Sandeep N , Jadav Vallari , Verma Prerna , Johnson S , Palal Deepu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India and rehabilitation therapy is underdeveloped. Neurorehabilitation is a program that caters to people who have disabilities to help them attain and maintain optimal performance. The majority of people with disabilities are economically underprivileged and have trouble getting access to basic health care (including rehabilitation). Physiotherapists also face limitations in providing services to stroke survivors and this study is to identify those challenges.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to identify the limitations faced by physiotherapists during stroke rehabilitation.

Material and Method:
In November 2022, a focus group discussion was held with a sample size of 12 physiotherapy residents from neurorehabilitation and community rehabilitation working in a tertiary hospital. After consent was taken, audiovideography was recorded, transcripted, and documented. Data were thoroughly transcribed, and thematic analysis and characteristics were established.

Results:
After extraction of codes and themes, the following results were found. General categories of themes are lack of awareness on stroke and physiotherapy, infrastructure, financial constraints, family dynamic, social health, amotivation and mental health, collaboration limitations, problems in-home services, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rehabilitation. Recommendations given by the participants were creating a stroke community, availability of more insurance companies to support and provide relief for financial stress, early education and awareness on stroke from school level, active participation of caregivers and family members to assist the patient in home-based therapy, and availability of NGOs that cater specifically to physiotherapy.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that neurorehabilitation in India needs to attend to the given categories. Policymakers must be aware of the financial and social issues that stroke survivors experience and enact legislation that will decrease mental and financial stress.
A Study to Evaluate the Role of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 (SFRP4) as a Potential Novel Biomarker of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shrewastwa Mukesh Kumar , Acharya Viyatprajna , Shyam Kumar BK , Ray Subhashree 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
A new inflammation mediator called secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), was recently found, the secretion of which is regulated by interleukin-1β. SFRP4 as a potential biomarker of early β-cell dysfunction can help to identify high-risk individuals who are going to develop diabetes in the future. It is highly expressed in β-cells of islets and its levels increase several years before diabetes diagnosis.

Objectives:
This study was conducted with an objective to estimate and correlate SFRP4 in pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and non-diabetes persons, and evaluate the predictive risk assessment of SFRP4 as a novel biomarker.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional observational study, a total of 300 human participants were included among which 100 were prediabetic, 100 were diabetic, and 100 were age- and gender-matched control individuals from a community, all of whom were selected through a predesigned screening questionnaire and inclusion and exclusion criteria from January 2020 to January 2022 in Banke district, Nepal. Serum SFRP4 and IL-1β levels were determined by ELISA.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), two-hour post-load plasma glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β%), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) between the three groups, with a progressive increase from the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) groups and with the highest value in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) groups (P < 0.05). However, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and IL-1β showed a significant difference between the NGT and T2DM groups (P < 0.001) and the NGT and IGT groups (P < 0.001). The median serum SFRP4 concentrations showed a significant difference among three groups (all P < 0.05) and were positively correlated with FPG, HbA1c, hs-CRP, and IL-1 β (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Our study presumes importance as we report increased SFRP4 levels in Asian Nepalis even at the stage of IGT. These findings propose that the increased serum SFRP4 may be a good biomarker of decline in β-cell function and insulin resistance.
Consensus molecular subtyping of colorectal cancer by immunohistochemistry, an imperative for a resource limited setting
Authors: Abdulkareem Fatimah B. , Khramtsova Galina , Odukoya Lateef A. , Badmos Kabir B. , Adedokun Tunde , Rotimi Olorunda , Ibraheem Abiola , Khramtsov Andrey , Sveen Lise , Hurley Ian , Hattori Masaya , Huo Dezheng , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. 
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:
Studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) molecular heterogeneity have used genome-wide gene expression-based data to group patients into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), but the cost and sophistication of analysis has limited its clinical application. This study aimed at using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to classify CRC specimens in a cohort of patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Tissue microarrays were constructed from 75 FFPE tissue blocks of CRC. These were stained for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) and four other markers (CDX2, HTR2B, ZEB1, and Ki-6) by IHC. Semi-quantitative scoring was performed for the other four markers. A panel of CDX2, HTR2B, and ZEB1 was then used to distinguish between CMS4 and CMS2/CMS3 subtypes, whereas Ki-67 was used to separate CMS2 from CMS3 subtype. MMR status was used to identify CMS1 subtype.

Results:
Of the total evaluable 75 CRC cases, 38% were <40 years old, 60% were males, with mean of 44.8 years (standard deviation [SD] = 16.1). Fifty-nine patients (79%) had microsatellite stable (MSS) tumor, and the remaining 16 (21%) had microsatellite unstable (MSI) tumor (i.e., CMS1). Thirty-seven (49%) were classified as CMS2 (n = 24) or CMS3 (n = 13) and 22 (29%) of the cases were classified as CMS4. The CMS4 subtype was significantly more likely to occur among young patients (P < 0.001). CMS1 subtype was more in patients older than 40 years and 75% of right-sided cancers were CMS1 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The study confirms that IHC-based CMS classification and stratification of CRC patients could be a cost-effective prognostic and predictive tool suitable for resource-limited settings.
Gall bladder heterotopia: Uncommon two cases and review of variations
Authors: Robbi Manideep , Chakravarthy Ranjani Padmanabhan , Lomte Jai Kishan Rao , Madhuri Veena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Heterotopia in the gallbladder is a rare condition where normal tissue occurs in an abnormal location. This case report aimed to describe two cases of heterotopia in the gallbladder, one with gastric mucosa and the other with pancreatic tissue. The objective is to provide a better understanding of the clinical presentation, histological findings, and associated anomalies of heterotopia in the gallbladder.

Materials and Methods:
The cases were identified through patient records and macroscopic examination. Clinical data, radiological findings, and histopathological analysis were collected and analyzed.

Results:

Case 1 presented with intermittent abdominal pain and was diagnosed with cholelithiasis. Gross examination revealed a gallbladder with ulcerated mucosa and a cystic area. Histological examination confirmed the presence of gastric heterotopia. Case 2 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a firm lesion in the neck of the gallbladder. Histopathological analysis showed chronic cholecystitis and heterotopic pancreatic tissue.

Conclusion:
Heterotopia in the gallbladder is a rare condition associated with various types of heterotopic tissues. Gastric heterotopia is the most common type, followed by pancreatic, hepatic, thyroid, and adrenal heterotopias. The exact cause of heterotopia in the gallbladder is unknown, but it is believed to be a congenital disorder. Treatment options vary, and further studies are needed to understand the incidence and development of heterotopia in the gallbladder.
Annona senegalensis stem bark extracts attenuated doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity and mitochondrial oxidative damage in Wistar strain albino rats
Authors: Adisa Rahmat Adetutu , Kolawole Oluwole-Banjo , Lawal Ridwan A , Bamiduro Gbemisola J , Abdulkareem Fatimah B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objective:
Doxorubicin (DOX)- an anthracycline is a well-known anticancer agent but its limitation lies in it hepato- and cardio-toxicity involving the mitochondrial redox pathway. Thus, there is need for chemoprotective agents to serve as interventions for militating against toxicity during cancer management. This study investigated the protective potential of Annona senegalensis stem bark extracts (ASE) on DOX-induced mitochondrial membrane damage and oxidative stress in albino rats’ livers.

Materials and Methods:
ASE was subjected to phytochemical screening. Thirty male Wistar strain albino rats (13 weeks old; 150–160 g) were randomly divided into Groups A (control) received distilled water, Groups B, C, D, E, and F received DOX-only (20 mg/kg), DOX (20 mg/kg) + ASE (100 mg/kg), DOX (20 mg/kg) + ASE (200 mg/kg), DOX (20 mg/kg) + ASE (400 mg/kg), ASE (400 mg/kg) only, respectively (n = 5 per group). Groups that received ASE were pre-administered for 7 days before intraperitoneal administration of DOX on day 7. Rats were sacrificed, oxidative stress and liver membrane damage were evaluated.

Results:
Tannin, saponin, phenol, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, reducing sugar, and cardiac glycosides were present, while combined and free anthraquinone were absent in ASE. The total flavonoid, phenol, tannin, and reducing sugar content of ASE were 13.11 ± 1.09, 27.19 ± 0.61, 8.98 ± 1.2, and 27.3 ± 1.6 mg gallic acid equivalent, respectively. Activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and level of glutathione in both hepatic mitochondrial membrane and post-mitochondrial fractions (PMF) increased concentration-dependently in ASE pretreated compared to DOX-only-treated animals. Malondialdehyde levels significantly (P < 0.05) decreased concentration-dependently.

Conclusions:
ASE has chemoprotective potential on liver mitochondria and PMF against DOX-induced toxicity attributable to its constituent phytochemicals.
Mode stability and shallow quasinormal modes of Kerr–de Sitter black holes away from extremality
Authors: Hintz Peter 
Published: May 2024

A Kerr–de Sitter black hole is a solution

(M,g_{\Lambda,\mathfrak{m},\mathfrak{a}})

of the Einstein vacuum equations with cosmological constant

\Lambda>0

. It describes a black hole with mass

\mathfrak{m}>0

and specific angular momentum

\mathfrak{a}\in\mathbb{R}

. We show that for any

\varepsilon>0

there exists

\delta>0

so that mode stability holds for the linear scalar wave equation

\Box_{g_{\Lambda,\mathfrak{m},\mathfrak{a}}}\phi=0

when

|\mathfrak{a}/\mathfrak{m}|\in[0,1-\varepsilon]

and

\Lambda\mathfrak{m}^{2}<\delta

. In fact, we show that all quasinormal modes

\sigma

in any fixed half-space

\operatorname{Im}\sigma>-C\sqrt{\Lambda}

are equal to

0

or

-i\sqrt{\Lambda/3}(n+o(1))

,

n\in\mathbb{N}

, as

\Lambda\mathfrak{m}^{2}\searrow 0

. We give an analogous description of quasinormal modes for the Klein–Gordon equation.
We regard a Kerr–de Sitter black hole with small

\Lambda\mathfrak{m}^{2}

as a singular perturbation either of a Kerr black hole with the same angular momentum-to-mass ratio, or of de Sitter spacetime without any black hole present. We use the mode stability of subextremal Kerr black holes, proved by Whiting and Shlapentokh-Rothman, as a black box; the quasinormal modes described by our main result are perturbations of those of de Sitter space. Our proof is based on careful uniform a priori estimates, in a variety of asymptotic regimes, for the spectral family and its de Sitter and Kerr model problems in the singular limit

\Lambda\mathfrak{m}^{2}\searrow 0

.