bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing the line in the sand: regional officials, monopolisation of state power and 'rebellion'. The case of Mehmed Ağa Boyacıoğlu in Cyprus, 1685-1690
Authors: Hadjianastasis Marios 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine centre-periphery relations and issues of state control in Ottoman provinces in the seventeenth century, as these are reflected in the case of Mehmed Ağa Boyacıoğlu in Ottoman Cyprus. Mehmed Ağa Boyacıoğlu rose to prominence in the 1680s and dominated the island for a period of five to seven years, until 1690. His behaviour and actions, and the way the Sublime Porte dealt with them, represent a useful example of how power was negotiated between the centre and the periphery. Moreover, it demonstrates how rebellion terminology had a particular meaning for contemporary historians and officials, but must be used with caution by the analysts of today. This paper focuses on our handling of this phenomenon, and initiates a discussion on terminology and meaning.
Photon absorption in a hybrid slurry photocatalytic reactor: Assessment of differential approximations
Authors: Orozco Sayra L. , Villafán‐Vidales Heidi I. , Arancibia‐Bulnes Camilo A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRadiative transfer inside a slurry photocatalytic reactor with hybrid illumination from both solar radiation and lamps is examined. The local volumetric rate of photon absorption is evaluated. For this purpose, the P1 and the modified differential approximations (MDAs) are used, and results compared to a solution by the Monte Carlo method. It is found that significant differences may arise between the predictions of the above approximations and the exact results provided by the Monte Carlo simulations. The P1 approximation is very inaccurate near to the radiation entrance for the partially collimated solar radiation, although it improves, as optical depth increases. As expected, the MDA improves the results near to the boundary. Surprisingly, it turns out to be much worse than the P1 approximation at medium and large optical depths. In the case of lamp irradiation, the behavior of the MDA is the opposite; it works better at small optical depths. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3256–3265, 2012
Living free radical polymerization using cyclic trifunctional initiator
Authors: Galhardo Eduardo , Machado Paula Magalhães Bonassi , Lona Liliane Maria Ferrareso 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFree radical polymerization is a very robust route to produce polymers, however, it does not promote a control on the microstructure of the polymer: usually polymers with wide molecular weight distribution and polydispersity (PDI) greater than 1.5 are obtained. Ionic polymerization can be used to produce polymers with low PDI, however, this kind of route needs to be held with a high degree of purity. Living free radical polymerization (LFRP) is a promising technique to produce controlled polymers. In the literature, monofunctional conventional initiators have been used in LFRP process. In this study, the use of a cyclic trifunctional peroxide on controlled nitroxide mediated radical polymerization was investigated. The initiator used was Trigonox 301 (3,6,9‐triethyl‐3,6,9‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triperoxonane—41% solution in isoparaffinic hydrocarbons) and TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidin‐1‐oxyl) was used as controller agent. The results obtained show that it is possible to produce controlled polymers at certain operating conditions, when Trigonox 301 is used. It could be observed that the concentration of initiator and the ratio [TEMPO]/[Trigonox 301] have a huge effect on the polymer properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Increasing nano‐particle dispersion ratio in the bubble stretching‐based technique
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Xiaoming , Chen Fang , Zhao Xuezeng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe present a new method to increase nano‐particle migration rate in bubble stretching‐based technique. Vibration created by the inflation and shrinking process of bubbles is used. Process parameters can be adjusted to increase the probability of collision between the nano‐particles and the bubble wall. In effect, particles sufficiently migrate to the bubble wall, increasing both particle migration rate and dispersion ratio. Our measurement show that: (1) particle diameter, initial bubble radius, and initial bubble pressure strongly influence the migration of particles; (2) with appropriate parameters, nano‐particles can quickly and efficiently migrate to the bubble wall through this new method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
LDA‐Mediated Cascade Carbolithiation Reactions of Vinylidenecyclopropanes with Enones and N‐Sulfonated Imines as well as Nitroalkene and (Phenylmethylidene)malononitrile
Authors: Lu Bei‐Li , Lu Jian‐Mei , Shi Min 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLDA‐mediated cascade carbolithiation reactions of vinylidenecyclopropanes with enones and N‐sulfonated imines as well as nitroalkene and (phenylmethylidene)malononitrile in THF at –78 °C have been realized; the corresponding novel adducts were produced in moderate to good yields with moderate to high diastereoselectivities. The scope and limitations are discussed as well as a plausible reaction mechanism based on control experiments performed in this work and previous literature reports.
On the analysis of sequence data: testing for disease susceptibility loci using patterns of linkage disequilibrium
Authors: Lipman Peter J. , Yip Wai‐Ki , AlChawa Taofik , Ludwig Kerstin U. , Mangold Elisabeth , Lange Christoph 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDespite the numerous and successful applications of genome‐wide association studies (GWASs), there has been a lot of difficulty in discovering disease susceptibility loci (DSLs). This is due to the fact that the GWAS approach is an indirect mapping technique, often identifying markers. For the identification of DSLs, which is required for the understanding of the genetic pathways for complex diseases, sequencing data that examines every genetic locus directly is necessary. Yet, there is currently a lack of methodology targeted at the identification of the DSLs in sequencing data: existing methods localize the causal variant to a region but not to a single variant, and therefore do not allow one to identify unique loci that cause the phenotype association. Here, we have developed such a method to determine if there is evidence that an individual loci affects case/control status with sequencing data. This methodology differs from other rare variant approaches: rather than testing an entire region comprised of many loci for association with the phenotype, we can identify the individual genetic locus that causes the association between the phenotype and the genetic region. For each variant, the test determines if the pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the other variants coincides with the pattern expected if that variant were a DSL. Power simulations show that the method successfully detects the causal variant, distinguishing it from other nearby variants (in high LD with the causal variant), and outperforms the standard tests. The efficiency of the method is especially apparent with small samples, which are currently realistic for studies due to sequencing data costs. The practical relevance of the approach is illustrated by an application to a sequencing dataset for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. The proposed method implicated one variant (P = 0.002, 0.062 after Bonferroni correction), which was not found by standard analyses. Code for implementation is available. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:880–886, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐frequency minisatellite instability of the mitochondrial genome in colorectal cancer tissue associated with clinicopathological values
Authors: Lim Sang Woo , Kim Hye Ran , Kim Hwan Young , Huh Jung Wook , Kim Young Jin , Shin Jong Hee , Suh Soon Pal , Ryang Dong Wook , Kim Hyeong Rok , Shin Myung Geun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMost studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in colorectal cancer have used case‐control and case‐database comparisons without searching their clinical relevance. This study was to investigate colorectal cancer tissue‐specific mtDNA mutations from 54 matched colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissues and then to evaluate their clinical values. This study focused on analyzing control region including mtDNA minisatellites and coding regions. Cancer tissue‐specific mtDNA mutations were found in over half of the patients (59%). The patterns of mtDNA mutations were substitution only (13%), mtDNA minisatellite instability (mtMSI) (20%) and both mutations combined (26%). mtMSI in colorectal cancer was mainly occurred in the 303 polyC (35%) and 16184 poly C (19%) minisatellite. mtDNA copy number and hydrogen peroxide level were significantly increased in colorectal cancer tissue. The amount of mtDNA large deletions was significantly decreased in colorectal cancer tissue compared with those from matched normal mucosa (p = 0.03). The activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes I, II and III in colorectal cancer tissues was impaired. mtDNA haplogroup B4 might be closely associated with colorectal cancer risk. The patient group harboring cancer tissue‐specific mtDNA mutations showed larger tumor sizes (p = 0.005) and more advanced TNM stages (p = 0.002). Thus, mtDNA mutations in colorectal cancer might be implicated in risk factors that induce poor outcomes and tumorigenesis.
Investigation of stress shielding around the Stryker Omnifit and Exeter periprosthetic hip implants using an irreversible thermodynamic‐based model
Authors: Sayyidmousavi Alireza , Bougherara Habiba 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study investigates stress shielding by predicting bone density around two different implants following total hip arthroplasty using a new thermodynamic‐based model for bone remodeling. This model is based on chemical kinetics and irreversible thermodynamics in which bone is treated as a self‐organizing system capable of exchanging matter, energy, and entropy with its surroundings. Unlike the previous works in which mechanical loading is regarded as the only stimulus for bone remodeling, this model establishes a coupling between mechanical loading and the chemical reactions involved in the process of bone remodeling. This model is incorporated into the finite element software ANSYS by means of a macro to investigate stress shielding around two different implants: Stryker Omnifit and Exeter periprosthetic hip stems. The results of the simulation showing bone density reductions of 17% in Gruen zone 1 and 27% in Gruen zones 7 around the Omnifit hip stem agree well with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements reported in the literature. On the other hand, the Exeter implant is found to result in more severe resorption in the proximal femur. This is consistent with clinical studies, which report a higher survivorship rate for HA‐coated Omnifit hip stems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Extraction optimization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by alcoholic‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and their determination by HPLC
Authors: Fatemi Mohammad H. , Hadjmohammadi Mohammad R. , Shakeri Panteha , Biparva Pouria 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA sensitive method for the extraction and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using alcoholic‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (AA‐DLLME) and HPLC was developed. The extraction procedure was based on alcoholic solvents for both extraction and dispersive solvents. The effective parameters (type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, amount of salt and stirring time) on the extraction recovery were studied and optimized utilizing factorial design (FD) and central composite design (CCD). The best recovery was achieved by FD using 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol as the extraction solvent and methanol as the dispersive solvent. The results showed that volume of dispersive solvent and stirring time had no effect on the recovery of PAHs. The optimized conditions were 145 μL of 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol as the extraction solvent and 4.2% w/v of salt (NaCl) in sample solution. The enrichment factors of PAHs were in the range of 310–325 with limits of detection of 0.002–0.8 ng/mL. The linearity was 0.01–800 ng/mL for different PAHs. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for intra‐ and inter‐day of extraction of PAHs were in the range of 1.7–7.0 and 5.6–7.3, respectively, for five measurements. The method was also successfully applied for the determination of PAHs in environmental water samples.
miR‐1915 inhibits Bcl‐2 to modulate multidrug resistance by increasing drug‐sensitivity in human colorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Xu Ke , Liang Xin , Cui Daling , Wu Yixin , Shi Weibin , Liu Jianwen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractColorectal carcinoma is a frequent cause of cancer‐related death in the world for men and women. microRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression negatively at post‐transcriptional level. Here, we investigated the possible role of microRNAs in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in colorectal carcinoma cells. We analyzed microRNA (miRNA) expression levels between multidrug resistant colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116/L‐OHP and its parent cell line HCT116 using a miRNA microarray. miR‐1915 had the lowest expression of miRNA in HCT116/L‐OHP cells compared to its parental cells. Overexpression of Bcl‐2 is generally associated with tumor drug resistance, meanwhile Bcl‐2 is a predicted target of miR‐1915. We found that elevated levels of miR‐1915 in the mimics‐transfected HCT116/L‐OHP cells reduced Bcl‐2 protein level and the luciferase activity of a Bcl‐2 3′‐untranslated region‐based reporter, and also sensitized these cells to some anticancer drugs. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR‐1915 could play a role in the development of MDR in colorectal carcinoma cells at least in part by modulation of apoptosis via targeting Bcl‐2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
JAK/STAT/SOCS‐signaling pathway and colon and rectal cancer
Authors: Slattery Martha L. , Lundgreen Abbie , Kadlubar Susan A. , Bondurant Kristina L. , Wolff Roger K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is involved in immune function and cell growth. We evaluated the association between genetic variation in JAK1 (10 SNPs), JAK2 (9 SNPs), TYK2 (5 SNPs), suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 (2 SNPs), SOCS2 (2 SNPs), STAT1 (16 SNPs), STAT2 (2 SNPs), STAT3 (6 SNPs), STAT4 (21 SNPs), STAT5A (2 SNPs), STAT5B (3 SNPs), STAT6 (4 SNPs) with risk of colorectal cancer. We used data from population‐based case‐control studies (colon cancer n = 1555 cases, 1,956 controls; rectal cancer n = 754 cases, 959 controls). JAK2, SOCS2, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B, and STAT6 were associated with colon cancer; STAT3, STAT4, STAT6, and TYK2 were associated with rectal cancer. Given the biological role of the JAK/STAT‐signaling pathway and cytokines, we evaluated interaction with IFNG, TNF, and IL6; numerous statistically significant associations after adjustment for multiple comparisons were observed. The following statistically significant interactions were observed: TYK2 with aspirin/NSAID use; STAT1, STAT4, and TYK2 with estrogen status; and JAK2, STAT2, STAT4, STAT5A, STAT5B, and STAT6 with smoking status and colon cancer risk; JAK2, STAT6, and TYK2 with aspirin/NSAID use; JAK1 with estrogen status; STAT2 with cigarette smoking and rectal cancer. JAK2, SOCS1, STAT3, STAT5, and TYK2 were associated with colon cancer survival (hazard rate ratio (HRR) of 3.3 95% CI 2.01,5.42 for high mutational load). JAK2, SOCS1, STAT1, STAT4, and TYK2 were associated with rectal cancer survival (HRR 2.80 95% CI 1.63,4.80). These data support the importance of the JAK/STAT‐signaling pathway in colorectal cancer and suggest targets for intervention. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A direct route to polythiophenes displaying lateral substituents: Easy one‐step synthesis and polymerization of thiophene monomers substituted by a dimethylenecarboxylate (CH2CH2COOR) appendage on the 3‐position
Authors: Sengmany Stéphane , Ceballos Claire , Belhadj Romain , Cachet‐Vivier Christine , Gall Erwan Le , Brissault Blandine , Penelle Jacques , Léonel Eric 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThiophene monomers displaying a dimethylenecarboxylate (CH2CH2COOR) substituent on the 3‐position of the aromatic ring can be easily obtained and in one step from the electrochemically induced reaction of 3‐bromothiophene with the corresponding acrylate (CH2CHCOOR). The synthesis of the ethyl ester monomer, of related 2,5‐dihalogenothiophenes, and their polymerization are reported. Despite the surprisingly low solubilities displayed by the polymers, a full spectroscopic characterization could be performed and the data fully analyzed. Oxidative polymerizations (FeCl3 or electropolymerization) yield a regioirregular polythiophene, with 60–70% of head‐to‐tail diads. Both experimental and theoretical results suggest that the nonconjugated ester plays a very minor role—if any—in the polymerizations under oxidative conditions, but has a significant influence on the polymer properties. Preliminary attempts to polymerize the dihalogenothiophenes under reductive conditions were hampered by the even lower solubilities exhibited by the regioregular oligomers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synoptic conditions favouring the occurrence of aerosol episodes over the broader Mediterranean basin
Authors: Gkikas A. , Houssos E.E. , Hatzianastassiou N. , Papadimas C.D. , Bartzokas A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the present study, the synoptic conditions that favour the occurrence of aerosol episodes over the broader Mediterranean basin are investigated. For this purpose daily satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm from MODIS‐Terra (Collection 5) for the period from 1 March 2000 to 28 February 2007 were used together with mean‐sea‐level pressure and geopotential height at 700 hPa obtained from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project. An objective and dynamic algorithm was developed in order to determine strong and extreme aerosol episodes in the study area. According to the applied methodology and the relevant criteria, 322 days with aerosol episodes have been identified. The atmospheric circulation of each day was objectively classified by the implementation of Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis, resulting in eight representative synoptic conditions (clusters). The aerosol episode days (AEDs) are most frequently observed during the dry period of the year, and especially in July–August (108 days or 33.5%) and April–May (106 days or 33%) and give rise to desert dust, anthropogenic pollution and biomass‐burning episodes. The most frequent synoptic conditions are those of Clusters 4 (30.1%) and 5 (21%), inducing episodes that occur primarily in the western and secondarily in the central Mediterranean. In the former case, which is observed in summer, Europe is under the influence of the extended subtropical anticyclone of the Atlantic (Azores), while the eastern Mediterranean is under the influence of the extended thermal low of south‐west Asia. In the latter case, in spring and summer, anticyclonic conditions prevail over central Europe and over the east Atlantic Ocean, and low pressures at the northwestern parts of the broader Mediterranean basin and across the Sahara. During the aerosol episode days of the various clusters, the mean regional AOD can reach values up to 0.8 ± 0.2 and 2.3 ± 1.3 for strong and extreme episodes, respectively. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Longitudinal Mediation Effects of Strain on the Relationships between Role Stressors and Employees' Withdrawal Responses
Authors: Idris Mohd Kamel , O'Driscoll Michael P. , Anderson Marc H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrevious studies have found that role stressors are related to employee withdrawal responses, although the relationships have been rather indirect. The present study examined the mediation effect of strain on the relationships between role stressors and three withdrawal responses (i.e. cynicism, reduced professional efficacy and diminished organizational commitment) among a sample of Malaysian public university academics. We collected data from 357 academics and additional data 6 months later from 210 of these academics. Results showed that role stressors were associated with withdrawal behaviours via strain. Strain mediated the relationships between role ambiguity and all three withdrawal responses and the relationship between role conflict and cynicism. These results suggest that academic managers should focus on resolving role ambiguity to enhance academics' well‐being, commitment and professional efficacy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructural synaptic changes associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: A quantitative analysis of hippocampal region CA1 in a Nf1+/− mouse model
Authors: Armstrong Blair C. , Le Boutillier Janelle C. , Petit Ted L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most frequently diagnosed autosomal dominant inherited disorders resulting in neurological dysfunction, including an assortment of learning disabilities and cognitive deficits. To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the disorder, we employed a mouse model (Nf1+/−) to conduct a quantitative analysis of ultrastructural changes associated with the NF1 disorder. Using both serial light and electron microscopy, we examined reconstructions of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, which is known to play a central role in many of the dysfunctions associated with NF1. In general, the morphology of synapses in both the Nf1+/− and wild‐type groups of animals were similar. No differences were observed in synapse per neuron density, pre‐ and postsynaptic areas, or lengths. However, concave synapses were found to show a lower degree of curvature in the Nf1+/− mutant than in the wild type. These results indicate that the synaptic ultrastructure of Nf1+/− mice appears relatively normal with the exception of the degree of synaptic curvature in concave synapses, adding further support to the importance of synaptic curvature in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.