bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Development in the Russia Federation: The Limits of Greening within Industrial Firms
Authors: Crotty Jo , Rodgers Peter 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe extant literature states that firms ‘go green’ in response to one or a combination of three factors: regulation, stakeholder pressure or ‘because it pays’, with each being tempered by managerial attitudes and perceptions. In this paper, we test the relevance of these factors in the empirical setting of Russia. Data collected from firms in three industrialised regions indicates that Russia's ‘coercive’ approach to regulatory enforcement has resulted in firms seeking to limit their environmental punishment, rather than improve their environmental management. Similarly, weak civil society in Russia has meant that stakeholders such as environmental non‐governmental organisations fail to influence greening activity. We find that only ‘because it pays’ motives were persuasive. The paper concludes that, in settings such as the Russian Federation, market mechanisms are the only method by which to facilitate corporate greening and that steps should be taken to strengthen instruments like ISO 14001 to facilitate greening of this type. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A framework for fiber delay‐line buffers in packet‐based asynchronous multifiber optical networks (PAMFONET)
Authors: Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYA major challenge in packet‐based optical networks is packet contention, which occurs when two or more packets are heading to the same output at the same time. To resolve contention in the optical domain, a fundamental approach is fiber delay‐line (FDL) buffering, in which packets can be delayed for a fixed amount of time. In the literature, the performance of FDL buffering has been studied extensively. However, most existing works are based on an assumption that there is only one fiber per link in the network. In this paper, we address the architecture and performance of FDL buffers in packet‐based asynchronous multifiber optical networks (PAMFONET), in which each link in the network may consist of multiple optical fibers. We propose a framework for FDL buffers in PAMFONET, in which we provide three essential architectures and corresponding packet scheduling policies. Extensive simulation results show that, with appropriate settings, the same number of FDLs can lead to better performance in multifiber networks than in single‐fiber networks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐fat diet protects BB/OK rats from developing type 1 diabetes
Authors: Bahr Jeanette , Klöting Nora , Wilke Barbara , Klöting Ingrid , Follak Niels 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known that lipid metabolism plays an important role in the early stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D). For that reason, we examined factors that influence lipid metabolism of BioBreeding/Ottawa Kalsburg (BB/OK) rats that spontaneously develop an insulin‐dependent T1D.MethodsBB/OK female rats were fed a high‐fat diet during pregnancy (Ssniff R–Z + 10% tallow) and their progeny were also given this diet up to an age of 30 weeks (n = 55) or 4 weeks (n = 14) to study gene expression of Pparg, Fasn, Lep, Adipoq, Repin1, Rarres 2, and Glut4 in adipose tissue. Forty‐two BB/OK rats fed the normal diet (Ssniff R–Z) during pregnancy and the observation period served as controls.ResultsThe high‐fat diet significantly decreased diabetes frequency in BB/OK rats when compared with control rats (71 versus 95%, p = 0.002). Although this difference was also reflected in the male rats (68 versus 100%, p = 0.003), no significant variation was observed in female rats (73 versus 90%, p = 0.23). The high‐fat diet resulted in significantly reduced mRNA expression of examined genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue, but not in visceral adipose tissue, except for Fasn and Repin1 expression.ConclusionsA high‐fat diet seems to protect BB/OK rats from T1D in a sex‐specific manner. The data suggest that a high‐fat diet might influence fat accumulation and/or fat metabolism and prevent T1D development in male rats, which is supported by changes in adipose tissue gene expression. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bis(diethylamino)(pentafluorophenyl)phosphane – a Push–Pull Phosphane Available for Coordination
Authors: Orthaber Andreas , Fuchs Michael , Belaj Ferdinand , Rechberger Gerald N. , Kappe C. Oliver , Pietschnig Rudolf 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA facile large‐scale synthesis of the “push–pull”‐substituted ligand bis(diethylamino)(pentafluorophenyl)phosphane is reported. A selenophosphorane as well as complexes with CuI and PdCl2, can be formed almost quantitatively from suitable starting materials. The PdII complex shows a square‐planar coordination with significant distortions of the Cl–Pd–Cl moiety in the solid state. In contrast, the phosphane ligand exhibits a large flexibility in the trigonal‐planar coordination of the Cu salt, as proven by X‐ray crystallography. C–C cross‐coupling reactions and 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions have been tested for the PdII and CuI complexes, respectively. Whereas the reactivity of the PdII complex is good at low temperature, the CuI complex reveals remarkable reaction rates at temperatures up to 130 °C. Furthermore, the CuI‐catalyzed azide/alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition was successfully adapted for flow conditions.
Electrophoretic and zymographic characterization of proteins isolated by various extraction methods from ejaculated and capacitated boar sperms
Authors: Zigo Michal , Jonáková Věra , Maňásková‐Postlerová Pavla 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe presented work focuses on electrophoretic and zymographic characterization of boar sperm proteins isolated by various extraction methods and on comparison of the protein profiles obtained from ejaculated and in vitro capacitated spermatozoa. Sperm proteins of ejaculated and in vitro capacitated boar sperms were isolated with the following agents: 1% v/v Triton X‐100, 1% v/v Triton X‐114, 2% v/v acetic acid, 1% m/v sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), 30 mM N‐octyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (OBG), rehydration buffer (RHB) for isoelectric focusing and finally by the freezing–thawing approach. The extracts were characterized in terms of 1‐DE, 2‐DE protein profiles, 1‐DE glycoprotein staining and proteinase and hyaluronidase substrate zymographic profiles. The results have shown quantitative and qualitative differences in 1‐DE protein and glycoprotein profiles with respect to the employed isolation approach. These differences were seen even more clearly in 2‐DE protein profiles, where it was possible to distinguish the presence/absence, changes in relative abundance and pI/Mr shifts of various protein spots. Proteinase and hyaluronidase zymograms supported the prediction that various isolation protocols result in various profiles of enzymatically active molecules.
Enzyme synthesis and activity assay in microfluidic droplets on a chip
Authors: Wu Nan , Courtois Fabienne , Surjadi Regina , Oakeshott John , Peat Thomas S. , Easton Christopher J. , Abell Christopher , Zhu Yonggang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThere is growing demand for high‐throughput measurement of biochemical reactions in drug discovery and directed evolution programs. To meet this need, a powerful platform based on droplet‐based bioreactors manipulated by microfluidic systems is being developed, which can overcome the limitations of scale and power encountered in conventional screening methods. This paper reports our progress in the synthesis of enzymes and assay of their activity within a microfluidic droplet system. The model system we use involves the organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme OpdA from Agrobacterium radiobacter and a robust microchip made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Synthesis of OpdA from cognate DNA within water‐in‐oil droplets was tested using both in‐house and commercial in vitro transcription and translation (IVTT) kits. OpdA activity was measured using coumaphos as substrate and by monitoring the fluorescence released by its product, chlorferone. OpdA was demonstrated to be synthesized and assayed within the droplets using the commercial in vitro transcription and translation kit, although the activity measured within the droplets diminished over time, apparently due to leakage of chlorferone out of the droplets.
Microsystems for personalized biomolecular diagnostics
Authors: Shaw Kirsty J. , Birch Christopher , Hughes Elizabeth M. , Jakes Adam D. , Greenman John , Haswell Stephen J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe development of microfluidic methodology that can be used in conjunction with drug screening and biomolecular diagnostics offers a route to evidence‐based personalized medical care. Ideally, all personal diagnostics are best carried out in a rapid and frequent manner and a microfluidic interface can provide appropriate methodology. The ability to perform genetic analysis or biomarker detection at point‐of‐care would allow the clinician to decide on the most informed course of treatment. Microfluidic systems for biomolecular analysis at all levels, from genes to whole tissue biopsies, have been proposed. Much of the work presented here is at an early stage of development but will consider the range of design considerations together with the plethora of potential applications of integrated microfluidic technology.
Numerical simulation of MHD stagnation point flow and heat transfer of a micropolar fluid towards a heated shrinking sheet
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad , Bashir Sumra 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYA comprehensive study of magneto hydrodynamics two‐dimensional stagnation flow with heat transfer characteristics towards a heated shrinking sheet immersed in an electrically conducting incompressible micropolar fluid in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is analyzed numerically. The governing continuity, momentum, angular momentum and heat equations together with the associated boundary conditions are first reduced to a set of self similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation and are then solved by a method based on finite difference discretization. Some important features of the flow and heat transfer in terms of normal and streamwise velocities, microrotation and temperature distributions for different values of the governing parameters are analyzed, discussed and presented through tables and graphs. The results indicate that the reverse flow caused due to shrinking of the sheet can be stopped by applying a strong magnetic field. The magnetic field enhances the shear stresses and decreases the thermal boundary layer thickness. The heat loss per unit area from the sheet decreases with an increase in the shrinking parameter. Micropolar fluids exhibit reduction in shear stresses and heat transfer rate as compared with Newtonian fluids, which may be beneficial in the flow and thermal control of polymeric processing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient numerical method for solving Falkner–Skan boundary layer flows
Authors: Motsa S. S. , Sibanda P. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper a novel computational technique for the solution of nonlinear third‐order boundary value problems is presented. We demonstrate the application of the method by solving the famous Falkner–Skan equation on a semi‐infinite domain. Comparison with the results from other methods such as the homotopy analysis method and numerical methods demonstrates the accuracy, computational efficiency and robustness of this technique. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive finite element method for an optimal control problem of Stokes flow with L2‐norm state constraint
Authors: Niu Haifeng , Yuan Lei , Yang Danping 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYAn adaptive finite element approximation for an optimal control problem of the Stokes flow with an L2‐norm state constraint is proposed. To produce good adaptive meshes, the a posteriori error estimates are discussed. The equivalent residual‐type a posteriori error estimators of the H1‐error of state and L2‐error of control are given, which are suitable to carry out the adaptive multi‐mesh finite element approximation. Some numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the efficiency of the a posteriori estimators. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Penalty finite element method for Navier–Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions
Authors: Li Yuan , An Rong 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe penalty finite element method for Navier–Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions is investigated in this paper. Since this class of nonlinear slip boundary conditions include the subdifferential property, the weak variational formulation is a variational inequality problem of the second kind. Using the penalty finite element approximation, we obtain optimal error estimates between the exact solution and the finite element approximation solution. Finally, we show the numerical results which are in full agreement with the theoretical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral algorithm for the analysis of flows in grooved channels
Authors: Mohammadi A. , Floryan J. M. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYA grid‐less, spectrally accurate algorithm for the analysis of flows in grooved channels is presented. The algorithm is based on the immersed boundary conditions concept, where the boundary conditions are submerged inside the computational domain and are treated as internal constraints. When grooves' ridges are orthogonal to the flow direction (transverse grooves), the flow remains two‐dimensional. As the grooves rotate away from this direction, the flow becomes three‐dimensional. An auxiliary coordinate system is defined in such a way that one of its axes is aligned with the grooves. It is shown that the governing equations expressed in this system decouple into a two‐dimensional flow across the grooves and a flow in the direction along the grooves, resulting in improved solution efficiencies. Fourier series are used for discretization in the direction transverse to the grooves and Chebyshev expansions for the direction across the channel. Special solvers that take advantage of the matrix structure have been implemented providing a significant acceleration of computation and reduction of memory requirements. Various tests have been conducted in order to illustrate the performance of the algorithm, to show its spectral accuracy and to characterize the effects of various numerical and physical parameters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and redox properties of sterically crowded triarylphosphine and tetraaryldiphosphane bearing phenothiazinyl groups
Authors: Sasaki Shigeru , Murakami Midori , Murakami Fumiki , Yoshifuji Masaaki 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSterically crowded triarylphosphines and tetraaryldiphosphane bearing phenothiazinyl groups as redox sites were synthesized by using 2‐bromo‐1,3‐dialkyl‐5‐phenothiazinylbenzenes as key synthetic intermediates. Cyclic voltammograms of these compounds show the first redox wave corresponding to the oxidation of the phosphorus redox center and the following waves corresponding to the oxidation of the phenothiazinyl groups. Introduction of more sterically crowded triarylphosphine moiety leads to more reversible oxidation of the phosphine as well as the phenothiazine moieties. A crowded tetraaryldiphosphane bearing four phenothiazinyl groups are oxidized in two steps. Four phenothiazine moieties are oxidized nearly at once after oxidation of the diphosphane moiety. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:506–513, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20714
Target‐specific output patterns are predicted by the distribution of regular‐spiking and bursting pyramidal neurons in the subiculum
Authors: Kim Yujin , Spruston Nelson 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPyramidal neurons in the subiculum project to a variety of cortical and subcortical areas in the brain to convey information processed in the hippocampus. Previous studies have shown that two groups of subicular pyramidal neurons—regular‐spiking and bursting neurons—are distributed in an organized fashion along the proximal–distal axis, with more regular‐spiking neurons close to CA1 (proximal) and more bursting neurons close to presubiculum (distal). Anatomically, neurons projecting to some targets are located more proximally along this axis, while others are located more distally. However, the relationship between the firing properties and the targets of subicular pyramidal neurons is not known. To study this relationship, we used in vivo injections of retrogradely transported fluorescent beads into each of nine different regions and conducted whole‐cell current‐clamp recordings from the bead‐containing subicular neurons in acute brain slices. We found that subicular projections to each area were composed of a mixture of regular‐spiking and bursting neurons. Neurons projecting to amygdala, lateral entorhinal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and medial/ventral orbitofrontal cortex were located primarily in the proximal subiculum and consisted mostly of regular‐spiking neurons (∼80%). By contrast, neurons projecting to medial EC, presubiculum, retrosplenial cortex, and ventromedial hypothalamus were located primarily in the distal subiculum and consisted mostly of bursting neurons (∼80%). Neurons projecting to a thalamic nucleus were located in the middle portion of subiculum, and their probability of bursting was close to 50%. Thus, the fraction of bursting neurons projecting to each target region was consistent with the known distribution of regular‐spiking and bursting neurons along the proximal–distal axis of the subiculum. Variation in the distribution of regular‐spiking and bursting neurons suggests that different types of information are conveyed from the subiculum to its various targets. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of estrogen receptor alpha and beta expression and signaling on cognitive function during aging
Authors: Foster Thomas C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis review presents evidence for the idea that the expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) interacts with the level of estradiol (E2) to influence the etiology of age‐related cognitive decline and responsiveness to E2 treatments. There is a nonmonotonic dose response curve for E2 influences on behavior and transcription. Evidence is mounting to indicate that the dose response curve is shifted according to the relative expression of ERα and ERβ. Recent work characterizing age‐related changes in the expression of ERα and ERβ in the hippocampus, as well as studies using mutant mice, and viral mediated delivery of estrogen receptors indicate that an age‐related shift in ERα/ERβ expression, combined with declining gonadal E2 can impact transcription, cell signaling, neuroprotection, and neuronal growth. Finally, the role of ERα/ERβ on rapid E2 signaling and synaptogenesis as it relates to hippocampal aging is discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human hippocampal theta oscillations and the formation of episodic memories
Authors: Lega Bradley C. , Jacobs Joshua , Kahana Michael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe importance of the hippocampal theta oscillation (4–8 Hz) to memory formation has been well‐established through studies in animals, prompting researchers to propose comprehensive theories of memory and learning that rely on theta oscillations for integrating information in the hippocampus and neocortex. Yet, empirical evidence for the importance of 4–8 Hz hippocampal theta oscillations to memory formation in humans is equivocal at best. To clarify this apparent interspecies discrepancy, we recorded intracranial EEG (iEEG) data from 237 hippocampal electrodes in 33 neurosurgical patients as they performed an episodic memory task. We identified two distinct patterns of hippocampal oscillations, at ∼3 and ∼8 Hz, which are at the edges of the traditional 4–8 Hz human theta band. The 3 Hz “slow‐theta” oscillation exhibited higher power during successful memory encoding and was functionally linked to gamma oscillations, but similar patterns were not present for the 8 Hz “fast‐theta” oscillation. For episodic memory, slow‐theta oscillations in the human hippocampus appear to be analogous to the memory‐related theta oscillations observed in animals. Both fast‐theta and slow‐theta oscillations exhibit evidence of phase synchrony with oscillations in the temporal cortex. We discuss our findings in the context of recent research on the electrophysiology of human memory and spatial navigation, and explore the implications of this result for theories of cortico–hippocampal communication. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of rainfall–runoff model for improved baseflow estimation in ungauged basins
Authors: Samuel Jos , Coulibaly Paulin , Metcalfe Robert A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBaseflow is an integral component of environmental flow prescriptions to mitigate the impacts of flow regime alteration on the ecological condition of rivers and often the most contentious issue in project planning, particularly for waterpower development. Baseflow prescriptions to meet ecological objectives are increasingly derived from a natural reference condition, often a simulated streamflow time series for an ungauged basin. Accuracy of baseflow estimates is important for identifying ecological water requirements and possible ecosystem and economic tradeoffs with confidence. Estimating baseflow time series in ungauged basins to accurately quantify a natural reference condition in all regions of Ontario is particularly difficult given the heterogeneity in landscape, climate, and size of the basins where simulated time series are required. To identify the optimal hydrologic model for baseflow simulation in all regions of Ontario, five variants of McMaster University‐Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (MAC‐HBV) were tested using a combination of possible model parameters, linear and nonlinear storage‐discharge relationship in deep soil layers, and different criteria for optimizing model parameter sets. It was found that the hydrologic model which used a nonlinear storage‐discharge relationship, a larger range of model parameters and included low flow criteria in the optimization procedure showed the best performance for baseflow estimates. The optimal model was then combined with a coupled regionalization method to improve baseflow estimates in ungauged basins compared with the original MAC‐HBV model. This included a ∼20% increase in the median of Nash Sutcliffe efficiencies and a 50% reduction in the volume errors for the tested basins. The resulting model provides a tool that can be used reliably throughout Ontario to simulate streamflow and baseflow time series in ungauged basins and to calculate baseflow indicators and criteria for aquatic ecosystem assessments of planned flow regime alterations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.