bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Physicochemical Properties of the Virus of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease
Authors: Liebermann Ht. , Bergmann H. , Lange Elke , Schirrmeier H. , Solisch P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPurified and concentrated preparations of virus from liver extracts of infected rabbits contain virus specific components with sedimentation coefficients of about 175, 110 and sometimes 133S and more slow units. Full and empty virus particles with a diameter of about 34 nm were shown electron microscopically in the corresponding 175 and 110S fractions of the sucrose density gradient. The average of buoyant density of the 175, 133, 110S and more slow units are 1.36, 1.32 and 1.31 g/ml respectively. The extinction coefficient E260nm is 4.3 ± 0.7 cm2/mg. The RNA content is 17 ± 4%. SDS‐PAGE shows a “65” kD protein as a single or major component. Beside smaller polypeptides with lower intensities, the 67 kD polypeptide reacts positively in the Western blot with polyclonal antibodies of rabbits. The molecular weight of the virus is 15 ± 4 times 106D. The pH stability of the 175S unit was also tested.
Monitoring of Effects Induced by Recombinant Equine Interferon‐ß1in Whole Blood and Separated Fractions of Peripheral Blood of Horses
Authors: Marquardt J. , Heymer J. , Heinz H. , Deegen E. , Adolf G. R. , Leibold W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInterferon is known to induce antiviral mechanisms and to exert immunoregulatory capacities on various cell types.Theantiviral capacityof recombinant equine interferon‐β1(rEqIFN‐β1) is most sensitively monitored by indirect quantitation of multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in blood cells of horses. As few as 0.5 pg rEqIFN‐β1/ml can be assessed by means of 90% reduction of VSV‐replication in whole blood (w. b.) as well as in isolated mononuclear blood cells (MNC) in spite of individual variations.Theimmunoregulatory influenceof 20–50 pg rEqIFN‐β1/ml is sufficient to cause at least a 50% reduction of mitogen‐induced lymphocyte proliferation in MNC, while higher concentrations are needed in w. b. Of the mitogens tested the best stimulation of proliferation on the equine lymphoid cells was obtained with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from phagocytic cells in w. b. or from isolated polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) as monitored by chemiluminescence (CL) does not seem suitable for evaluation of rEqIFN‐β1‐induced immunoregulation as only very high rEqIFN‐β1‐concentrations (103‐104pg/ml) result in a minute increase (up to 20%) of CL. Comparative studies on w. b. and isolated leukocyte fractions from identical specimens of individual horses suggest that monitoring of antiviral and distinct immunoregulatory capacities of rEqIFN‐β1can be performed on w. b. without loss of information and sensitivity as compared to isolated MNC.
Relationship Between Group B Streptococcal Serotypes and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity
Authors: Wibawan I. W. T. , Lämmler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCell surface hydrophobicities of streptococci of serological group B were determined by the adherence of the bacteria to hexadecane droplets. A significant adherence to hexadecane was observed with the group B streptococcal type reference strains Ib, V, Ic, R and X, but not with those of serotype Ia, II, III and IV. Cultivation of the bacteria in microcapsule‐inducing media reduced the hexadecane adherence properties. The adherence to hexadecane was not related to fibrinogen binding properties of the cultures. Screening a large number of group B streptococci isolated from humans and bovines revealed that those with polysaccharide type antigen alone were generally hydrophilic, those with protein antigen alone or with protein antigen in combination with polysaccharide antigen were mostly hydrophobic. Cultivation of the bacteria under microaerobic conditions or after a single mouse passage enhanced microcapsule production and correspondingly reduced the hexadecane adherence values. Treatment of the bacteria by guanidinium chloride or by neuraminidase enhanced the hexadecane adherence. The hydrophobic component on group B streptococcal surface appeared to be partly inactivated by heat or proteolytic treatment of the bacteria.
Oral Fowlpox Vaccination in Chickens
Authors: Jieyuan Jiang , Spradbrow P. B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryChickens were given various fowlpox vaccines on food pellets ‐ a commercial vaccine (strain M), and the same strain after a single passage on chorio‐allantoic membrane or in chicken embryo fibroblasts. All three oral vaccines induced antibodies at levels similar to those induced by commercial strain M administered to the wingweb. The oral vaccine derived from chorio‐allantoic membrane gave protection similar to that obtained with vaccine administered by the wingweb, but this required a thousandfold more virus.
Immuno‐Gold Labelling of Turkey Rhinotracheitis Virus
Authors: O'Loan C. J. , Curran W. L. , McNulty M. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe morphology and morphogenesis of five viruses isolated in Great Britain, France and South Africa from turkeys with rhinotracheitis were examined. The five isolates were antigenically related by immunofluorescence and were indistinguishable by negative contrast and thin section electron microscopy. Negative contrast electron microscopy of infected Vero cell cultures revealed ortho‐ or paramyxovirus‐like particles and helical nucleocapsids 14 nm in diameter with a pitch of 6nm. The viral nature of these structures was confirmed by immuno‐gold labelling, using a hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to TRT virus and 15 nm gold‐labelled goat anti‐rabbit IgG.Ultrastructural changes characteristics of paramyxovirus infection were observed in Vero cell cultures infected with each of the five TRT virus isolates. These alterations, which included areas of localised thickening of plasma membrane, associated cytoplasmic inclusions of nucleocapsids and budding virus particles also labelled specifically following immunogold staining. These observations are in accord with the suggestion that TRT virus is an avian pneumovirus.
An Antigen Capture Test for the Detection of Cattle Viremic with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ‐ A Comparison with BVD Virus Isolation from Buffy Coat Cells in Bovine Kidney Cells
Authors: Gottschalk E. E. , Greiser‐Wilke Irene , Frey H.‐R. , Liess B. , Moennig V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) viral antigen in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cattle was used for the screening of 241 animals. The test used a monoclonal antibody directed against a conserved antigenic domain of a nonstructural protein (p125/p80) of pestiviruses for antigen capture. Bound antigen was detected with a pestivirus‐specific polyclonal peroxidase conjugate. In parallel the samples were analysed by routine virus isolation procedures based on cell culture. Virus isolation and antigen capture EIA were positive in 54 cases. The latter test scored one additional sample.
Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Investigation of Granular Cell Tumours in Dog, Cat, and Horse*
Authors: Geyer Claudia , Hafner Angela , Pfleghaar S. , Hermanns W. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySix canine, one feline and one equine granular cell tumours (GCTs) were investigated electron microscopically and immunohistochemically. The tumours were tested for reactivity with monoclonal antibodies against vimentin and desmin and with polyclonal antibodies against cytokeratin, S‐100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron specific enolase (NSE). All GCTs were characterized by their PAS positive cytoplasmic granules in light microscopy, which in electron microscopy appeared as lysosome‐like granules. In each case two canine GCTs were stained by the antibody against cytokeratin, vimentin and S‐100 protein. Cells of the equine GCT showed reactivity with the antiserum against S‐100 protein. In the feline GCT no reactivity with any of the antibodies tested was observed. These differences of the immunohistochemical reactions of GCTs suggest a nonuniform histogenesis of GCTs in domestic animals. The reactivity of the tumour cells with the antiserum against NSE is discussed.
Antigens Involved in Vaccination of Swine against Aujeszky's Disease (Pseudorabies) Virus
Authors: Eiras A. , Puentes Eugenia , Seoane R. , Cancio Esperanza , Nores Maria V. , Regueiro B. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe polypeptide and glycopolypeptide composition of a local virulent Aujeszky's disease virus (suid herpesvirus 1, SHV‐1) strain (E‐974) was determined in order to characterize the individual SHV‐1 antigens inducing the serological responses in immunized and non‐immunized animals. A commercially available inactivated vaccine of known efficacy and three experimental immunogen preparations (whole inactivated SHV‐1 particles, lectin‐purified glycoproteins from SHV‐1 culture, and a combination of both) were used for immunization. Sera of two‐month old immunized and non‐immunized animals were analyzed by ELISA, seroneutralization and Western immunoblotting prior to and following challenge with E‐974. Sera of 7‐ to 30‐day‐old piglets littered by immunized and non‐immunized sows were likewise analyzed by immunoblotting. The following variables were determined: the total level of anti‐SHV‐1 antibodies, the level of neutralizing antibodies, the IgG responses to individual SHV‐1 antigens, and the clinical parameters and degree of protection of the animals. The whole‐particle experimental immunogen conferred greatest protection, but correlation between antibody levels and the degree of protection was imperfect. Serological responses seemed to be directed against certain structural polypeptides and viral envelope glycoproteins. The glycoprotein immunogen caused a selective response to bands which closely resemble the glycopolypeptides gII and gIII. A 71 kDa component of uncertain location within the viral structure appeared to be one of the main antigens involved in porcine serological response to SHV‐1 and colostral protection of piglets.
Tenazitätsuntersuchungen von Bordetella bronchiseptica im luftgetragenen Zustand
Authors: Stehmann R. , Rottmayer J. , Zschaubitz Kristina , Mehlhorn G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigations on the tenacity of Bordetella bronchiseptica in the airThe survival time of Bordetella bronchiseptica (phase I and III) has been determined at a temperature of 21°C and 27°C and at a relative humidity of 32 %, 58 % and 76 % in a rotating aerosol chamber.The highest survival time (118,8 min half‐life time) has been found at 21°C and 76 % relative humidity in B. bronchiseptica (phase I).An increasing temperature (from 21°C to 27°C) causes a lower survival time.The phase I strains react more sensitive to this changing of environment than phase III strains.An increase of relative humidity leads to a higher survival time concerning phase I strains. In contrast phase III strains of B. bronchiseptica react with an increasing survival time.On the basis of the detected half‐life time one must suppose an aerogenous distribution of the germ in all stages of animals, especially in intensive husbandry.ZusammenfassungIn einer rotierenden Aerosolkammer wurden die Überlebenszeiten von Bordetella bronchiseptica (Phase I und III) bei 21°C u. 27°C sowie relativen Luftfeuchten von 32, 58 und 76 % bestimmt. Die längste Überlebenszeit mit 118,8 min Halbwertszeit wurde für B. bronchiseptica (Phase I) bei 21°C und 76 % relativer Luftfeuchte ermittelt.Die Temperaturerhöhung von 21°C auf 27°C führt zu einem Absinken der Überlebenszeiten. Die in Phase I wachsenden Erreger reagieren auf diese Milieuänderung deutlicher als die Phase III‐Stämme. Eine ansteigende relative Luftfeuchte führt bei Phase I‐Stämmen zu einer verlängerten Überlebenszeit. B. bronchiseptica‐Stämme in der Wachstumsphase III reagieren entgegengesetzt.Auf Grund der ermittelten Halbwertszeiten ist, besonders in der intensiven Tierhaltung, mit einer aerogenen Verbreitung des Erregers in allen Haltungsstufen zu rechnen.
Distribution of Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Viral Antigens in the Central Nervous System of Cattle with Various Congenital Manifestations*
Authors: Wöhrmann T. , Hewicker‐Trautwein M. , Fernandez A. , Moennig V. , Liess B. , Trautwein G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDistribution of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) antigens in the central nervous system (CNS) of 26 cattle persistently BVDV infected, 11 cattle with mucosal disease (MD), and 32 calves with congenital brain malformations was studied using monoclonal antibodies against BVDV epitopes. In persistently infected cattle and in cattle with MD, a widespread infection of neurons was present. Predilection sites for BVDV antigens were the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. In calves with congenital encephalopathies, viral antigen‐containing neurons could only be detected in the CNS of four animals. From the topographical distribution of BVDV antigens in these four postnatal cases with end‐stage lesions, no conclusions could be drawn concerning the pathogenesis of BVDV‐induced encephalopathies.
Studies on the Application of Enzyme Immunoassays for theFusariumMycotoxins Deoxynivalenol, 3‐Acetyldeoxynivalenol, and Zearalenone
Authors: Usleber E. , Renz V. , Märtlbauer E. , Terplan G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPolyclonal antisera against zearalenone (ZEA) were produced in rabbits after immunization with ZEA‐oxime coupled to human serum albumin. Using these antibodies and a ZEA‐oxime‐horseradish peroxidase conjugate in a competitive direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA), the detection limit for ZEA was 70pg/ml. The relative cross‐reactivities of the assay with ZEA, α‐zearalenol, β‐zearalenol, zearalanone, α‐zearalanol, and β‐zearalanol, respectively, were 100%, 37.3%, 7.2%, 59.2%, 5.3%, and 3.9%, respectively. This EIA and two EIAs for deoxynivalenol (DON) and 3‐acetyldeoxy‐nivalenol(3‐AcDON) (Usleber et al., 1991) were used to analyze wheat samples. The limits of determination for DON, 3‐AcDON, and ZEA in wheat were 200 ppb, 50ppb, and 20ppb, respectively. The analysis of reference materials (wheat flour) containing DON by EIA showed good agreement with the nominal values. The EIA for ZEA was in addition used to analyze biological fluids, obtained during a feeding trial. Two lactating cows were administered 25 mg and 100 mg ZEA per day, respectively, over a period of 6 days. Serum, milk, urine, and feces were assayed in the ZEAEIA with and without sample treatment with β‐glucuronidase prior to the analysis. Maximum toxin levels (ZEA‐equivalents) found in milk were 0.4 and 1.2 ppb (glucuronides). The toxin concentration in milk decreased rapidly after the last toxin administration. In the urine, maximum levels of toxin‐glucuronide conjugates were 23 ppb and 24 ppb, respectively. The serum toxin levels corresponded to those found in milk. In the feces, mean values were 150 ppb and 500 ppb, respectively, no conjugated toxins were found in feces.
Serological Evidence of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV‐1) Activity in Polo Horses in Nigeria
Authors: Adeyefa C. A. O. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySerological evidence of Equine Herpes virus type 1 (EHV‐1) activity in Polo horses in Nigeria is reported for the first time. Eighty‐two percent of horses tested with known antigen had precipitating antibodies to EHV‐1 while 43 % of sera tested against antigen prepared from nasal discharges were positive suggesting that the virus was being excreted in the nasal discharges and probably acting as a source of infection for incontact animals as occurs in on‐going acute infections. The result of this study indicates a high prevalence of EHV‐1 activity among Polo horses in Nigeria and demonstrates the ubiquitous distribution of the virus in a country that has not been previously investigated.
Serologischer Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen das Newcastle Disease Virus bei Wassergeflügel mittels Hämagglutinationshemmungs‐Test und Enzym‐Immuno‐Assay
Authors: Hlinak A. , Ziedler K. , Heiss Rosemarie 
Published: May 2010

Summary8410 samples from Moscovy duck, Pekin duck and geese were incorporated into examinations of antibodies against the Newcastle Disease virus.A new enzyme‐immuno‐assay (EIA) for antibody detection in Moscovy duck and Pekin duck was developed using purified antigen from NDV‐strain “La Sota”.The epidemiology as well as the relation of incidence of the Newcastle Disease in waterfowl was discussed.ZusammenfassungIn Untersuchungen zum Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen das Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) wurden 8410 Serumproben von Moschusenten, Pekingenten und Gänsen einbezogen.Zum Antikörper‐Nachweis wurde auf der Basis des NDV‐Stammes “La Sota” ein neuer Enzym‐Immuno‐Assay (EIA) für Moschus‐ und Pekingenten entwickelt.Epidemiologische Fragestellungen der Newcastle Disease bei Wassergeflügel werden diskutiert.
Lethal Cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylosis in a Reindeer Calf
Authors: Handeland K. , Norberg H. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryLethal elaphostrongylosis in a reindeer calf is described. The calf showed signs of abnormal behaviour, mental confusion and reduced vision due to lesions in the brain parenchyma caused by migrating mature Elaphostrongylus rangiferi. Traumatically caused malacia and secondary axon degeneration were observed in all brain areas. Nematodes were found in the skeletal muscles, epidural space of the spinal cord, and in the subdural spaces and leptomeninges of the cord and brain. Developing nematode ova were sectioned along migratory tracks in the brain, in the subdural space of the cord, epidural adipose tissue, perineurium of the spinal nerve roots and in the lungs.
Pathogenicity and Preliminary Antigenic Characterization of Six Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains Isolated in France from Acute Outbreaks
Authors: Eterradossi N. , Picault J. P. , Drouin P. , Guittet Michèle , L'Hospitalier Rolande , Bennejean G. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySix isolates originating from acute outbreaks of infectious bursal disease recently reported in broiler and pullet flocks in France were studied with respect to their pathogenicity and their antigenic relatedness to the Faragher 52/70 reference strain. Although the mortality experimentally induced in susceptible chickens by the field strains was sometimes four times higher than that which followed the inoculation of the reference strain (16 to 48 % versus 12 %), neither mortality nor morbidity were observed in chickens previously vaccinated with a commercial live vaccine and then challenged under the same conditions. Agar gel precipitation tests demonstrated the existence of common antigens in the different strains, and high cross‐neutralization indices measured in embryonated specific pathogen free eggs showed them all to belong to serotype I. These data are discussed with reference to previous European and North‐American studies on the antigenic status of infectious bursal disease virus.
Reduction of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydrogen peroxide Plus Heat Treatment
Authors: Aman I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryUse of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under various conditions of temperature and time to inactivate aflatoxin M1 in artificially contaminated raw milk was examined. The degree of inactivation was measured by Enzym Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). It appeared that there is no change in the content of aflatoxin M1 in milk contained H2O2 and examined after 24 hours without heat treatment and in contaminated milk without add of H2O2 and heat treated treatment at (63 °C for 30 min, 75 °C for 15 sec) but slight inactivation (4.3 %) was obtained in milk boiled for 5 min without H2O2. Maximum inactivation (27.8 %, 28.8 % and 45.1 %) were obtained using 1 % H2O2 followed by heat treatment at 36 °C for 30 min, 75 °C for 15 sec and boiling for 5 min respectively.
Cytometric and Cytochemical Study of Peritoneal and Alveolar Macrophages from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infected Ground Squirrels (Citellus Citellus)
Authors: Vesselinova A. , Markova N. , Veljanov D. , Nikolova S. , Najdenski H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe enzymic activity (succinate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages as well as leucocytic reaction of ground squirrels infected with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (I and III serovar) have been investigated in dynamics from the 1st up to the 30th day. The animals infected with III serovar survived only to the 7th day, while those infected with I serovar survived up to the 30th day after inoculation. A massive influx of leucocytes having peak values (100‐fold increase) on the 3rd day after infection has been found in the peritoneal cavity of the animals infected with I serovar. Moderate leucocytosis in the blood, and insignificant fluctuations in alveolar macrophage number have been established too. An earlier and higher activation of succinate dehydrogenase in alveolar and peritoneal macrophages from animals infected with III serovar in comparison with those infected with I serovar was observed. No differences in alkaline phosphatase activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages have been found between the animals infected with I and III serovar. A correlation has been found between the number of leucocytes and changes in the enzymatic activity of the macrophages. A metabolitic transformation was demonstrated typical for different macrophages (peritoneal and alveolar), in the course of this experimental intraperitoneal infection.Obviously, more virulent serovar III of Y. pseudotuberculosis fails to attract leucocytes to the peritoneal cavity sufficiently quickly, so it overcome the local protective mechanisms with consequent systemic cytochemical changes. On the other hand the virulent serovar I attracts leucocytes to the peritoneum and is presumably destroyed by them.
Protein Antigens Secreted by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
Authors: Valentin‐Weigand P. , Moriarty K. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryProteins secreted by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (M.ptb) during short‐term cultivations were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and Western(Immuno) blotting. Cultivation in a defined medium containing 35S methionine allowed autoradiographic detection of proteins which had been secreted or passively released by actively metabolizing M.ptb organisms. After the first 3 days of cultivation, 4 proteins with molecular weights of approximately 38, 50, 65 and 110 kilodaltons (kd) were detected on SDS gels. Longer incubation up to 12 days resulted in an increased concentration of these proteins as well as in appearance of additional proteins ranging from 14 to over 90 kd. In long‐term (8 – 10 weeks) culture filtrates only two prominent proteins with molecular weights of 30 and 65 kd proteins could be detected. Immunoblot analysis showed that some of the proteins secreted during short‐term cultivations were recognized by sera from M. ptb‐infected sheep and more significantly by sera from animals which had been immunized with a M.ptb live vaccine strain. The study indicates that during short incubation times M.ptb may secrete immunoreactive proteins which are not dominant in long‐term cultures.