bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐10 overexpression does not synergize with the neuroprotective action of RGD‐containing vectors after postnatal brain excitotoxicity but modulates the main inflammatory cell responses
Authors: Gonzalez Pau , Peluffo Hugo , Acarin Laia , Villaverde Antonio , Gonzalez Berta , Castellano Bernardo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAntiinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) have been used to modulate and terminate inflammation and provide neuroprotection. Recently, we reported that the modular recombinant transfection vector NLSCt is an efficient tool for transgene overexpression in vivo, which induces neuroprotection as a result of its RGD‐mediated integrin‐interacting capacity. We here sought to evaluate the putative synergic neuroprotective action exerted by IL‐10 overexpression using NLSCt as a transfection vector after an excitotoxic injury to the postnatal rat brain. For this purpose, lesion volume, neurodegeneration, astroglial and microglial responses, neutrophil infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine production were analyzed at several survival times after intracortical NMDA injection in postnatal day 9 rats, followed by injection of NLSCt combined with the IL‐10 gene, a control transgene, or saline vehicle solution. Our results show no combined neuroprotective effect between RGD‐interacting vectors and IL‐10 gene therapy; instead, IL‐10 overexpression using NLSCt as transfection vector increased lesion volume and neuronal degeneration at 12 hr and 3 days postlesion. In parallel, NLSCt/IL‐10 treated animals displayed increased density of neutrophils and microglia/macrophages, and a reduced astroglial content of GFAP and vimentin. Moreover, NLSCt/IL‐10 treated animals did not show any variation in interleukin‐1β or tumor necrosis factor‐α expression but a slight increase in interleukin‐6 content at 7 days postlesion. In conclusion, overexpression of IL‐10 by using NLSCt transfection vector did not synergistically neuroprotect the excitotoxically damaged postnatal rat brain but induced changes in the astroglial and microglial and inflammatory cell response. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using distance sampling and hierarchical models to improve estimates of Dall's sheep abundance
Authors: Schmidt Joshua H. , Rattenbury Kumi L. , Lawler James P. , Maccluskie Margaret C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractManagement of large mammal populations has often been based on aerial minimum count surveys that are uncorrected for incomplete detection and lack estimates of precision. These limitations can be particularly problematic for Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) due to the high cost of surveys and variation in detection probability across time and space. The limitations of these methods have been recognized for some time, but previously proposed alternatives for sheep surveys proved to be too costly and logistically unfeasible in most circumstances (Udevitz et al. 2006). We assessed the potential for a combination of distance sampling surveys and a hierarchical modeling approach to provide a more efficient means for estimating Dall's sheep abundance by conducting aerial contour transect surveys over all sheep habitat in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR), Alaska in 2009 and 2010. We estimated the population of Dall's sheep was 8,412 (95% CI: 6,517–11,090) and 10,072 (95% CI 8,081–12,520) in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Abundance within the Itkillik Preserve area within GAAR was 1,898 (95% CI: 1,421–2,578) and 1,854 (95% CI: 1,342–2,488) in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Estimates of lamb abundance in 2010 were more than double those of 2009 after correcting for detection bias related to group size, suggesting that the apparent estimate of lambs in the population may be biased in some years depending on the degree of aggregation. Overall, the contour transect surveys were feasible logistically, cost 70–80% less than minimum count surveys, and produced precise estimates of abundance, indicating that the application of these methods could be used effectively to increase the statistical rigor and spatial extent of Dall's sheep abundance surveys throughout Alaska. These methods could be used to improve the assessment of long‐term trends in populations and productivity and provide valuable information for harvest management at both local and landscape scales at reduced costs in comparison to traditional minimum count surveys. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of rangeland management on the site occupancy dynamics of prairie‐chickens in a protected prairie preserve
Authors: McNew Lance B. , Prebyl Thomas J. , Sandercock Brett K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe investigated the site occupancy dynamics of greater prairie‐chickens at Konza Prairie Biological Station, a protected site in northeastern Kansas that is managed for ecological research. We surveyed the site during mid‐Mar to mid‐May, 1981–2008, and recorded detections of birds in a grid of 6.3 ha survey plots (n = 187 plots). We used multiseason occupancy models to estimate the probabilities of occupancy (ψ) and detection (p), and tested whether land cover in woody vegetation, and land use with prescribed fire or grazing management influenced the dynamic processes of site colonization and local extinction. Probability of detection per site was consistently <1 and varied among years (p = 0.12–0.82). Site occupancy of prairie‐chickens declined 40% over the study period from a high ofψ = 0.19 ± 0.02 SE in 1981 to a low of 0.11 ± 0.03 in 2008, despite protection from disturbance at leks and losses to harvest. We found that different sets of environmental factors impacted the probabilities of colonization and local extinction. Probability of colonization for an unoccupied site was negatively associated with the proportion of site occupied by woodland cover (β = −1.25), and was lower for grazed sites (β = −0.62). In contrast, probability of local extinction was affected by a weak interaction between grazing and average frequency of prescribed fire (β = −1.01), but model‐averaged slope coefficients were not statistically different than 0. To conserve prairie‐chickens, we recommend prairies be managed with combinations of prescribed fire and grazing that maintain a heterogeneous mosaic of prairie habitats, while preventing woody encroachment. To assess biotic responses to land management practices, field sampling should be based on occupancy models or similar techniques that account for imperfect detection. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Cost‐efficient selection of a marker panel in genetic studies
Authors: Sanderlin Jamie S. , Lazar Nicole , Conroy Michael J. , Reeves Jaxk 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGenetic techniques are frequently used to sample and monitor wildlife populations. The goal of these studies is to maximize the ability to distinguish individuals for various genetic inference applications, a process which is often complicated by genotyping error. However, wildlife studies usually have fixed budgets, which limit the number of genetic markers available for inclusion in a study marker panel. Prior to our study, a formal algorithm for selecting a marker panel that included genotyping error, laboratory costs, and ability to distinguish individuals did not exist. We developed a constrained nonlinear programming optimization algorithm to determine the optimal number of markers for a marker panel, initially applied to a pilot study designed to estimate black bear abundance in central Georgia. We extend the algorithm to other genetic applications (e.g., parentage or population assignment) and incorporate possible null alleles. Our algorithm can be used in wildlife pilot studies to assess the feasibility of genetic sampling for multiple genetic inference applications. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
32‐Channel RF coil optimized for brain and cervical spinal cord at 3 T
Authors: Cohen‐Adad J. , Mareyam A. , Keil B. , Polimeni J. R. , Wald L. L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPanel a: Example of DW images of the spinal cord at 0.6 × 0.6 × 5 mm3 spatial resolution. Dorsal/ventral roots were visible on the second eigenvector. Panel b: Full brain + c‐spine tractography from 1.7‐mm isotropic DTI acquisition using the 32‐channel coil with head paddle (74 sagittal slices, TR/TE = 14,280/80 ms, R = 3, b‐value = 800 s/mm2, 30 diffusion‐directions). No distortion correction was applied. From the article by Cohen‐Adad et al (pp 1199‐1209).
Identification of esophageal cancer in the General Practice Research Database
Authors: Walker Alexander M. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies based on the first appearance of a code for esophageal cancer in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) have yielded conflicting results concerning the relationship between disease onset and prior bisphosphonate use. The literature on the timing of cancer code appearance in general practice records is scanty but suggests that there may be substantial error by comparison with actual dates of clinical onset.ObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of codes for esophageal cancer in the GPRD and to determine whether it was possible to infer clinical date of onset.MethodsA reviewer adjudicated the records of women with codes for esophageal cancer from 1996 to 2008 by using chronological GPRD listings of codes for diagnoses, services, and tests. GPRD staff sought reviews by the general practices for 75 women whom the reviewer classified as having esophageal cancer and 25 classified as not having the condition.ResultsEssentially all cases bearing a code for the condition had esophageal cancer. Where data were available to permit dating of clinical onset (75% of cases), the result agreed with the date recorded in the clinical record to within 60 days in 89% of cases. The remaining 25% of cases had little or no clinical information and could not be dated. Clinical onset preceded the first appearance of a cancer code by more than 6 months in 10% of cases.ConclusionsThe accurate timing of clinical onset and diagnosis in the GPRD, at least of esophageal cancer in women, may require the review of clinical records or future linkage to cancer registries. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) with a low molecular weight and a low polydispersity index by single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization
Authors: Turan Eylem , Zengi̇n Adem , Caykara Tuncer 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) method in the presence of chain transfer agent was used to synthesize poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) [poly(NIPAM)] with a low molecular weight and a low polydispersity index. This was achieved using Cu(I)/2,2′‐bipyridine as the catalyst, 2‐bromopropionyl bromide as the initiator, 2‐mercaptoethanol as the chain transfer agent (TH), and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent at 90 °C. The copper nanoparticles with diameters of 16 ± 3 nm were obtained in situ by the disproportionation of Cu(I) to Cu(0) and Cu(II) species in DMF at 22 °C for 24 h. The molecular weights of poly(NIPAM) produced were significantly higher than the theoretical values, and the polydispersities were less than 1.18. The chain transfer constant (Ctr) was found to be 0.051. Although the kinetic analysis of SET‐LRP in the presence of TH corroborated the characteristics of controlled/living polymerization with pseudo‐first‐order kinetic behavior, the polymerization also exhibited a retardation period (k > ktr). The influence of molecular weight on lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was investigated by refractometry. Our experimental results explicitly elucidate that the LCST values increase slightly with decreasing molecular weight. Reversibility of solubility and collapse in response to temperature well correlated with increased molecular weight of poly(NIPAM). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
A social constructionist view of issues confronting first‐generation college students
Authors: Coffman Stephen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDrawing on interviews with first‐generation college students (FGS), the author argues that the students' culture affects college attendance and success. Although FGS often have a vocational perspective to college, the author found that they seek meaningful work with good pay. The author also suggests that good decision making, academic preparation, and a strong social network (family, friends, teachers, and others) play a crucial role in helping FGS adjust to college.
Proteomic analysis of upregulated proteins in Helicobacter pylori under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Huang Chun‐Hao , Chiou Shyh‐Horng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe development of gastric cancer was suggested to be associated with chronic inflammation as a consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Such inflammation‐related oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo may exert bidirectional effects on both hosts and H pylori. In this study, ROS‐induced oxidative stress was mimicked by coculture of gastric epithelial cells with H pylori treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To investigate the effect of H2O2 on the proteome of H pylori, we performed two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography coupled with nano‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) and bioinformatics database analysis. The nine most overexpressed proteins consisted of three virulence factors, including cytotoxin‐associated protein A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), adherence‐associated protein (AlpA), and two antioxidant enzymes alkylhydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) and catalase (KatA), plus one serine protease (HtrA), aconitate hydratase, and fumarate reductase. We have also confirmed the upregulation of virulence factors and antioxidant proteins in several H pylori strains isolated from patients of different clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it is noted that H pylori was found to decrease in infection rate and increase in proliferation after being exposed to H2O2. We also found that gastric epithelial cells can be protected from oxidative damage by H2O2 in the presence of H pylori. In conclusion, this study lends support to the supposition that ROS containing H2O2 as one of the major oxidative species can induce upregulation of virulence factors and antioxidant enzymes in H pylori, which may aid in the elucidation of inflammation leading to the development of gastric cancer from H pylori infection.
Infinite partitions and Rokhlin towers
Authors: KALIKOW STEVEN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe find a countable partition P on a Lebesgue space, labeled {1,2,3,…}, for any non-periodic measure-preserving transformation T such that P generates T and, for the T,P process, if you see an n on time −1 then you only have to look at times −n,1−n,…−1 to know the positive integer i to put at time 0 . We alter that proof to extend every non-periodic T to a uniform martingale (i.e. continuous g function) on an infinite alphabet. If T has positive entropy and the weak Pinsker property, this extension can be made to be an isomorphism. We pose remaining questions on uniform martingales. In the process of proving the uniform martingale result we make a complete analysis of Rokhlin towers which is of interest in and of itself. We also give an example that looks something like an independent identically distributed process on ℤ2 when you read from right to left but where each column determines the next if you read left to right.
Rigidity of commutative non-hyperbolic actions by toral automorphisms
Authors: WANG ZHIREN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBerend [Multi-invariant sets on tori. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.280(2) (1983), 509–532] obtained necessary and sufficient conditions on a ℤr-action α on a torus 𝕋d by toral automorphisms in order for every orbit to be either finite or dense. One of these conditions is that for every common eigendirection of the ℤr-action there is an element n∈ℤr such that αn expands this direction. In this paper, we investigate what happens when this condition is removed; more generally, we consider a partial orbit {αn⋅x:n∈Ω} where Ω is a set of elements which acts in an approximately isometric way on a given set of eigendirections. This analysis is used in an essential way in the work of the author with E. Lindenstrauss [Topological self-joinings of Cartan actions by toral automorphisms. Preprint, 2010] classifying topological self-joinings of maximal ℤr-actions on tori for r≥3 .
On the Socio-Indexicality of a Parisian French Intonation Contour
Authors: STEWART CHRISTOPHER M. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis study examines how intonation contours prevalent in a Parisian French urban youth vernacular (Conein and Gadet, 1998; Fagyal 2003, 2005) index sociolinguistic meanings for Parisian French listeners. In a web-based experiment, listeners placed recordings with stress patterns ranging from clearly penultimate (‘non-standard’) to clear phrase-final (‘standard’) in cities whose linguistic correctness they had previously evaluated. Stimuli with the most numerous and strongest cues to penultimate prominence were reliably identified with cities low in linguistic prestige. Sociolinguistic experience was shown to predict stimulus evaluations. The conclusions reached speak to the socio-indexicality of certain Parisian intonation contour types and the methodology used herein may lend itself to future studies of socially sensitive language variation.
Comparison of histopathological*features of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor and*O139 Bengal infections in rabbit intestinal mucosa
Authors: Baig Atif 
Published: September 2011

AbstractVibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the infectious disease, cholera. The bacteria adhere to the mucosal membrane and release cholera toxin, leading to watery diarrhea. There are >100 serovars of V. cholerae, but the O1 and O139 serovars are the main causative agents of cholera. The present study aimed to compare the severity of intestinal mucosal infection caused by O1 El Tor and O139 V. cholerae in a rabbit ileal loop model.The results showed that although the fluid accumulation was similar in the loops inoculated with O1 and O139 V. cholerae, the presence of blood was detected only in the loops inoculated with the O139 serovar. Serosal hemorrhage was confirmed by histopathological examination and the loops inoculated with O139 showed massive destruction of villi and loss of intestinal glands.The submucosa and muscularis mucosa of the ileum showed the presence of edema with congested blood vessels, while severe hemorrhage was seen in the muscularis propria layer. The loops inoculated with O1 El Tor showed only minimal damage, with intact intestinal villi and glands. Diffuse colonies of the O139 serovar were seen to have infiltrated deep into the submucosal layer of the intestine. Although the infection caused by the O1 serovar was focal and invasive, it was more superficial than that due to O139, and involved only the villi. These observations were confirmed by immunostaining with O1 and O139 V. cholerae-specific monoclonal antibodies. The peroxidase reaction demonstrated involvement of tissues down to the submucosal layer in O139 V. cholerae infection, while in O1 El Tor infection, the reaction was confined mainly to the villi, and was greatly reduced in the submucosal region. This is the first reported study to clearly demonstrate the histopathological differences between infections caused by the O139 Bengal and O1 El Tor pathogenic serovars of V. cholerae (atif et al., 2009).
Enzyme activities in brown forest soils after introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis-based bioinsecticides
Authors: Movsesyan Hasmik , Sargsyan Arevik , Ghazaryan Naira 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMuch attention in the complex of forest pest control methods nowadays is devoted to the application of biological preparations, especially to bacterial formulations produced on the base of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) that in addition to their high biological effectiveness against injurious insects are safe for man, homoiоtherms, beneficial insects and fish. As is known only 20-40% of sprayed preparation influences directly on pests while its 60-80% by different ways eventually penetrates into the soil. Taking into account also the fact that usage norm of commercial bacterial preparations makes up to 1-3 kg ha^-1^ and that preparation powder contains 45-100 billion viable spores g^-1^ it becomes evident that as a result of spraying huge quantity of bacterial stimulants introduces into the forest soils. In this connection a goal was set to determine the impact of some separately applied domestic insecticides of BT species (BT кб-1, BT кб-2, BT(SAR)-49, BT(SAR)-54, BT(SAR)-86, BT subsp. thuringiensis) introduced into the brown forest soils after spraying on soil enzymatic activity (invertase, urease) defining its fertility. Studies were conducted in 2010 under laboratory conditions. The results obtained indicate that in soils sprayed and non-sprayed by bioinsecticides the activities of invertase and urease undergo to changes from May to August. Maximal activities in soils were registered in June (25.641mg C~6~H~12~O~6~ g^-1^ for invertase and 12.254 mg NH~3~ g^-1^ for urease) and minimal – in May (20.643 mg C~6~H~12~O~6~ g^-1^ for invertase) and in August (9.297 mg NH~3~ g^-1^ for urease) at the average for all variants. By statistical analysis of study results it has been established that there aren’t any significant differences between indices of enzyme activities in sprayed and non-sprayed by biopesticides soils. Study results have led us to the assumption that tested insecticides don’t influence adversely on enzyme activities of brown forest soils and can be widely used in the field of plant protection.
Monogenic Diabetes in a Family with 2 unknown HNF-4A Gene Mutations
Authors: Motzkau M. , Meyer P. , Mertens P.R. , Klose S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDiabetes mellitus classified as Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance with insulin secretory disturbances.In 2 siblings with diabetes mellitus manifestation at age under 25 years, low fasting glucose levels, severely elevated glucose levels upon glucose challenge and absent autoantibodies for IA2 and GAD clarification for MODY was sought. Mutational screening for MODY 1–3 mutations was carried out by direct sequencing followed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).We identified a mutation within the hepatic nuclear factor 4A (HNF-4A) gene hitherto unreported for MODY-1. A causative role of the mutation is not proven, however in the 2 index patients similar phenotypes are present. These cases underline the necessity to screen for MODY when the medical history and lack of autoantibodies suggest alternative diagnoses beside type 1 diabetes.