bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridization effect on energy absorption capacity of composite crash boxes
Authors: Erkek Baran , Kosedag Ertan , Adin Hamit 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCrash boxes are safety elements generally made of metallic materials and mounted on the chassis of vehicles to prevent possible injuries to driver and passengers by absorbing the energy generated during a collision and ensuring integrity of vehicle. In order to save fuel and reduce harmful gases released into the environment, the proportion of metallic materials used in vehicles is decreasing and being replaced by composite materials. While composite materials are as durable as metallic materials, they are preferred because they are lighter. In this study, circular composites consisting of glass (S1), aramid (S2), carbon (S3), and hybrid combinations of aramid‐carbon‐glass (S4), carbon‐glass‐aramid (S5), and glass‐aramid‐carbon (S6), all with epoxy resin matrices, were produced using the vacuum infusion method and investigated. Crush parameters, maximum peak loads and specific energy absorption of hybrid tubes with different fiber types and winding order were compared. S3 tube had the best energy absorption performance among all samples of 257.288 Joules, while the worst energy absorption performance was obtained for S2 tube with 30.944 Joules. Among the hybrid samples, the best result was determined as 166.50 Joule with hybrid S5. Although the energy absorption capacities of hybrid composite tubes were close to each other, they had lower results for energy absorption and specific energy absorption than S1 and S3. For specific energy absorption, as with energy absorption, the best result was obtained with S3, while the lowest result was obtained with S2.Highlights
The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of composite crash boxes.
The effect of fiber type and hybridization was examined.
Specific energy absorptions and maximum contact forces were compared.
Cylindrical samples were produced by vacuum infusion.
The variation of damage depending on fiber type was investigated.
Assessing the consequences of water retention on the structural integrity of jute fiber and its composites: A review
Authors: Islam Shahidul , Karim Fahmida‐E‐ , Islam Md. Redwanul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearchers have compared natural jute fiber to synthetic fibers due to their distinct physical and mechanical properties, which have been recognized for decades. Jute fibers are a very versatile type of vegetable fibers widely used in structural composites and it has also shown potential in various applications such as nanoparticles, building interior, and automotive components. However, designing jute composite parts is a challenging task due to plant origin, growth conditions, age, stem location, extraction method, and non‐uniform fiber cross section. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on jute fiber and its composites of water and moisture absorption behavior on their performance. The most relevant findings regarding jute fiber water and moisture absorption characteristics have been summarized and analyzed in this review paper. In addition, this article presents an overview of the main characteristics of jute fibers, several parameters influencing the characteristics of jute fibers, jute fiber reinforcement composites, impact of relative humidity, swelling properties on jute fiber composite materials, and potential future research areas are also highlighted.Highlights
Higher growing interest of researchers for jute fiber
Factors affecting the properties of jute fibers
Various way of making jute fiber reinforced composites
Influence of moisture on its properties
Present and future areas of its upgradation
Taming the 1,5‐sigmatropic shift across protonated spirocyclic 4H‐pyrazoles
Authors: Levandowski Brian J. , Graham Brian J. , Abularrage Nile S. , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe condensation of 1,3‐diketones with hydrazine to access 4H‐pyrazoles is a well‐established synthetic route that travels through a 4H‐pyrazol‐1‐ium intermediate. In the route to a 3,5‐diphenyl‐4H‐pyrazole containing a cyclobutane spirocycle, density functional theory calculations predict, and experiments show that the protonated intermediate undergoes a rapid 1,5‐sigmatropic shift to form a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazole. Replacing the 3,5‐diphenyl groups with 2‐furanyl groups decreases the calculated rate of the 1,5‐sigmatropic shift by 6.2 × 105‐fold and enables the isolation of new spirocyclic 4H‐pyrazoles for click chemistry.
The impact of DOPO‐derived phosphoramides containing triazine moieties on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Zhu Xiangfeng , Cheng Feiyang , Si Yinsong , Wang Jun , Wang Pengcheng , Shi Chen , Han Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWaterborne polyurethane (WPU), which is a novel and environmentally friendly variety of polyurethane, replaces organic solvents with water. It has been extensively utilized in diverse fields encompassing coatings, textile finishing, building decoration, adhesives, plastic chemistry, and others. However, WPU is inherently flammable and releases a significant amount of smoke production during the combustion process. This research presents an original fire‐resistant Waterborne Polyurethane (WPU) with a newly‐integrated flame‐retardant component comprising a triazine phosphoramidate segment derived from 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxo‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) within its primary structure. In comparison to pure WPU, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of flame‐retardant WPU (FRWPU) increased from 19.6% to 29.2%. In UL‐94 testing, the FRWPU film achieved a V‐0 rating with only 6% retarding component. Additionally, in cone calorimetry tests, Total Heat Release (THR), peak Heat Release Rate (pHRR), Total Smoke Production (TSP), Smoke Production Rate (SPR), and peak Carbon Monoxide Production Rate (pCOP) are decreased by 27.7%, 16.2%, 64.6%, 61.3%, and 77.8%, respectively. The greater degree of graphitization observed in the residual carbon substantially impeded heat exchange and the emission of smoke during combustion. Flame‐retardant intermediate segments greatly improved the FRWPUs' ability to suppress smoke and remain flame‐retardant. The creation and formulation of aqueous polyurethanes that are flame‐retardant can benefit greatly from the insights and references offered by this research.
Drug loading strategy of modular self‐assembly mode: Curcumin pyrimidine derivatives mediated by pH‐sensitive materials
Authors: Feng Jiankang , Wang Shuo , Liu Ying , Zhou Meng , Chai Tiantian , Zhang Mengtong , Hu Jingnan , Feng Xibing , Chu Qingxia , Shao Shihe , Shi Junhua , Lu Chichong , Jin Guofan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChemotherapy drugs often cause various adverse reactions and affect normal tissues, so it is of great significance to design effective targeted anti‐tumor drug delivery methods. We constructed a series of self‐assembled supramolecular modular structures and explored whether they could become an effective targeted antitumor fluorescent agent. UV and fluorescence spectra show that it has fluorescence. The drug release curve was determined by dialysis method and the results showed that the release rate of PCB series composites was the highest under pH = 5. The curcumin pyrimidine derivative was embedded in the structure, and the formation of the complex was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The results for the cell imaging indicated that with the decrease of environmental pH value, the ability of PCB‐1 and PCB‐2 to penetrate the biofilm barrier into cells increased, suggesting that they have targeting action. The results of the cell viability test showed that PCB‐1 and PCB‐2 had a good inhibitory effect on MGC and HeLa cells. TEM showed that PCB‐1 was a regular hexahedron structure and PCB‐2 was a rod structure. In addition, the encapsulation efficiency of PCB‐1 and PCB‐2 was tested to be 86.50% and 88.57%, respectively, with drug loading rates of 27.62% and 28.38%, and Zeta potential values of +35 and +32. In conclusion, PCB‐1 and PCB‐2 are good potential anti‐tumor fluorescent agents.
Discovery and structure–activity relationship of dimesulfazet: a novel rice paddy herbicide
Authors: Furuhashi Takamasa , Fujita Takayuki , Miyazaki Takao , Ishimatsu Atsushi , Yano Tetsuhiko , Nakamura Daisuke , Maizuru Yukihiro , Kudo Takao , Masuzawa Yoshihide , Tanima Daisuke , Nakaya Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDimesulfazet, a novel herbicide for use in paddy rice, was discovered during studies on haloalkylsulfonanilide derivatives. Our research revealed that cyclic sulfonamide derivatives exhibited herbicidal efficacy against paddy weeds prevalent in Japan, such as Schoenoplectiella juncoides (Roxb.) Lye. Furthermore, these derivatives showed efficacy against hard‐to‐control perennial sedges such as Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi. Subsequently, we converted the cyclic sulfonamide derivatives into cyclic amide derivatives, which demonstrated enhanced herbicidal activity. Among these derivatives, dimesulfazet was selected because of its exceptional efficacy against both annual and perennial sedges, while being safe for use on transplanted rice. A simple method was developed for the condensation of benzyl alcohol and cyclic amide intermediates to synthesize trifluoromethanesulfonanilide derivatives. We found that the mode of action of dimesulfazet involved the inhibition of very long‐chain fatty acid biosynthesis. Dimesulfazet represents a valuable new tool for controlling S. juncoides, including biotypes resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibitors, and other perennial sedges in rice paddies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparing the intraocular pressure values obtained with a rebound tonometer (TONOVET Plus) and an indentation tonometer (IOPvet) in dogs with and without ocular disease
Authors: Michaud Bertrand , Lesne Fabien 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) values obtained from two groups of dogs using the IOPvet indentation tonometer to those obtained from the same dogs using an established rebound tonometer (TONOVET Plus).MethodsTonometry was performed on 36 dogs with ocular diseases (70 eyes; group A) and 25 healthy dogs (49 eyes; group B). First, the TONOVET Plus rebound tonometer was used. Then, one drop of oxybuprocaine hydrochloride was applied to each eye, and 1 minute later, the IOP was estimated using the IOPvet.ResultsThe IOPvet was safe, well tolerated and easy to use. The instrument had a high specificity (98.5%) for identifying IOPs of 20 mmHg or less. A lack of sensitivity (67.9%) was noted when evaluating eyes with an IOP between 20 and 30 mmHg. The sensitivity (33.3%) for identifying canine eyes with an IOP of greater than 30 mmHg (n = 24) was low.LimitationsThis study lacks manometric work, which would be hard to justify with client‐owned dogs. Quantitative numerical data were compared with qualitative values and the same investigator obtained readings using both tonometers without being masked.ConclusionsThe IOPvet is highly sensitive for assessing normal IOPs, but underestimation of higher IOPs can lead to poor diagnostics. Digital tonometers remain the best way to assess IOP in veterinary clinics.
Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production, storage, and utilization toward sustainability
Authors: Osman Ahmed I. , Nasr Mahmoud , Mohamed A. R. , Abdelhaleem Amal , Ayati Ali , Farghali Mohamed , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala'a H. , Al‐Fatesh Ahmed S. , Rooney David W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, hydrogen emerges as a promising candidate for decarbonization. The United States has the potential to sell wind energy at a record‐low price of 2.5 cents/kWh, making hydrogen production electricity up to four times cheaper than natural gas. Hydrogen's appeal stems from its highly exothermic reaction with oxygen, producing only water as a byproduct. With an energy content equivalent to 2.4 kg of methane or 2.8 kg of gasoline per kilogram, hydrogen boasts a superior energy‐to‐weight ratio compared to fossil fuels. However, its energy‐to‐volume ratio, exemplified by liquid hydrogen's 8.5 MJ.L−1 versus gasoline's 32.6 MJ.L−1, presents a challenge, requiring a larger volume for equivalent energy. In addition, this review employs life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate hydrogen's full life cycle, including production, storage, and utilization. Through an examination of LCA methodologies and principles, the review underscores its importance in measuring hydrogen's environmental sustainability and energy consumption. Key findings reveal diverse hydrogen production pathways, such as blue, green, and purple hydrogen, offering a nuanced understanding of their life cycle inventories. The impact assessment of hydrogen production is explored, supported by case studies illustrating environmental implications. Comparative LCA analysis across different pathways provides crucial insights for decision‐making, shaping environmental and sustainability considerations. Ultimately, the review emphasizes LCA's pivotal role in guiding the hydrogen economy toward a low‐carbon future, positioning hydrogen as a versatile energy carrier with significant potential.This article is categorized under:
Emerging Technologies > Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Post-inflationary leptogenesis and dark matter production: metric versus Palatini formalism
Authors: Ghoshal Anish , Lalak Zygmunt , Pal Supratik , Porey Shiladitya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate production of non-thermal dark matter particles and heavy sterile neutrinos from inflaton during the reheating era, which is preceded by a slow-roll inflationary epoch with a quartic potential and non-minimal coupling (ξ) between inflaton and gravity. We compare our analysis between metric and Palatini formalism. For the latter, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, decreases with ξ. We find that for ξ = 0.5 and number of e-folds ~ 60, r can be as small as ~ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−3) which may be validated at future reaches of upcoming CMB observation such as CMB-S4 etc. We identify the permissible range of Yukawa coupling yχ between inflaton and fermionic DM χ, to be $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−3.5) ≳ yχ ≳ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−20) for metric formalism and $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−4) ≳ yχ ≳ $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−11) for Palatini formalism which is consistent with current PLANCK data and also within the reach of future CMB experiments. For the scenario of leptogenesis via the decay of sterile neutrinos produced from inflaton decay, we also investigate the parameter space involving heavy neutrino mass MN1 and Yukawa coupling yN1 of sterile neutrino with inflaton, which are consistent with current CMB data and successful generation of the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis. In contrast to metric formalism, in the case of Palatini formalism, for successful leptogenesis to occur, we find that yN1 has a very narrow allowable range and is severely constrained from the consistency with CMB predictions.
Lessons from ATLAS and CMS measurements of Higgs boson decays to second generation fermions
Authors: Nir Yosef , Udhayashankar Purvaash Panduranghan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
There is now experimental evidence for Higgs boson decay into a pair of muons, and significant constraints on the Higgs boson decay into a charm quark-antiquark pair. The data on Higgs boson decays into second generation fermions probes various extensions of the Standard Model. We analyze the implications for the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT), without and with minimal flavor violation (MFV), for two Higgs doublet models (2HDM) with natural flavor conservation (NFC), for models with vector-like fermions, and for specific models that predict significant modifications of the Yukawa couplings to the light generations.
Non-Nilpotent Leibniz Algebras with One-Dimensional Derived Subalgebra
Authors: Di Bartolo Alfonso , La Rosa Gianmarco , Mancini Manuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study non-nilpotent non-Lie Leibniz $$\mathbb {F}$$
F
-algebras with one-dimensional derived subalgebra, where $$\mathbb {F}$$
F
is a field with $${\text {char}}(\mathbb {F}) \ne 2$$

char
(
F
)
≠
2

. We prove that such an algebra is isomorphic to the direct sum of the two-dimensional non-nilpotent non-Lie Leibniz algebra and an abelian algebra. We denote it by $$L_n$$

L
n

, where $$n=\dim _\mathbb {F}L_n$$

n
=

dim
F

L
n

. This generalizes the result found in Demir et al. (Algebras and Representation Theory 19:405-417, 2016), which is only valid when $$\mathbb {F}=\mathbb {C}$$

F
=
C

. Moreover, we find the Lie algebra of derivations, its Lie group of automorphisms and the Leibniz algebra of biderivations of $$L_n$$

L
n

. Eventually, we solve the coquecigrue problem for $$L_n$$

L
n

by integrating it into a Lie rack.
Redox regulation of UPR signalling and mitochondrial ER contact sites
Authors: Casas-Martinez Jose C. , Samali Afshin , McDonagh Brian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have a synergistic relationship and are key regulatory hubs in maintaining cell homeostasis. Communication between these organelles is mediated by mitochondria ER contact sites (MERCS), allowing the exchange of material and information, modulating calcium homeostasis, redox signalling, lipid transfer and the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. MERCS are dynamic structures that allow cells to respond to changes in the intracellular environment under normal homeostatic conditions, while their assembly/disassembly are affected by pathophysiological conditions such as ageing and disease. Disruption of protein folding in the ER lumen can activate the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), promoting the remodelling of ER membranes and MERCS formation. The UPR stress receptor kinases PERK and IRE1, are located at or close to MERCS. UPR signalling can be adaptive or maladaptive, depending on whether the disruption in protein folding or ER stress is transient or sustained. Adaptive UPR signalling via MERCS can increase mitochondrial calcium import, metabolism and dynamics, while maladaptive UPR signalling can result in excessive calcium import and activation of apoptotic pathways. Targeting UPR signalling and the assembly of MERCS is an attractive therapeutic approach for a range of age-related conditions such as neurodegeneration and sarcopenia. This review highlights the emerging evidence related to the role of redox mediated UPR activation in orchestrating inter-organelle communication between the ER and mitochondria, and ultimately the determination of cell function and fate.
Strong Cosmic Censorship for the Spherically Symmetric Einstein–Maxwell-Charged-Klein–Gordon System with Positive $$\Lambda $$: Stability of the Cauchy Horizon and $$H^1$$ Extensions
Authors: Rossetti Flavio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate the interior of a dynamical black hole as described by the Einstein–Maxwell-charged-Klein–Gordon system of equations with a cosmological constant, under spherical symmetry. In particular, we consider a characteristic initial value problem where, on the outgoing initial hypersurface, interpreted as the event horizon

$$\mathcal {H}^+$$

H

+

of a dynamical black hole, we prescribe: (a) initial data asymptotically approaching a fixed sub-extremal Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter solution and (b) an exponential Price law upper bound for the charged scalar field. After showing local well-posedness for the corresponding first-order system of partial differential equations, we establish the existence of a Cauchy horizon

$$\mathcal{C}\mathcal{H}^+$$

C

H

+

for the evolved spacetime, extending the bootstrap methods used in the case

$$\Lambda = 0$$

Λ
=
0

by Van de Moortel (Commun Math Phys 360:103–168, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-017-3079-3). In this context, we show the existence of

$$C^0$$

C
0

spacetime extensions beyond

$$\mathcal{C}\mathcal{H}^+$$

C

H

+

. Moreover, if the scalar field decays at a sufficiently fast rate along

$$\mathcal {H}^+$$

H

+

, we show that the renormalized Hawking mass remains bounded for a large set of initial data. With respect to the analogous model concerning an uncharged and massless scalar field, we are able to extend the known range of parameters for which mass inflation is prevented, up to the optimal threshold suggested by the linear analyses by Costa–Franzen (Ann Henri Poincaré 18:3371–3398, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00023-017-0592-z) and Hintz–Vasy (J Math Phys 58(8):081509, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4996575). In this no-mass-inflation scenario, which includes near-extremal solutions, we further prove that the spacetime can be extended across the Cauchy horizon with continuous metric, Christoffel symbols in

$$L^2_{\text {loc}}$$

L
loc
2

and scalar field in

$$H^1_{\text {loc}}$$

H
loc
1

. By generalizing the work by Costa–Girão–Natário–Silva (Commun Math Phys 361:289–341, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-018-3122-z) to the case of a charged and massive scalar field, our results reveal a potential failure of the Christodoulou–Chruściel version of the strong cosmic censorship under spherical symmetry.
Association of Constipation with Modes of Delivery: A Retrospective Questionnaire-based Study
Authors: Hierink G. Marije , Brinkman Lauret A. M. , Malmberg G. G. Alec , van Eijndhoven Hugo W. F. , Trzpis Monika , Broens Paul M. A. ,   on behalf of the LIOMOC-study group, van Wijk Tessa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis
Pelvic floor damage can contribute to pelvic floor dysfunction, including constipation. Most studies focus on constipation during pregnancy, whereas information regarding the mode of delivery in relation to constipation is limited. We hypothesise that women with a history of vaginal delivery report constipation more often than women with a history of caesarean section.

Methods
This was a retrospective cross-sectional multicentre study conducted in the Netherlands. All included patients (n = 2,643) completed the Groningen Defecation and Fecal Continence questionnaire to assess bowel problems of the last 6 months. Parametric tests, Chi-squared, univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed.

Results
Among 2,643 parous women, 2,248 delivered vaginally (85.1%) and 395 (14.9%) by caesarean section. Altogether, 649 women (24.6%) suffered from constipation. Women in the vaginal delivery group were constipated more often than women in the caesarean section group (25.5% versus 19.0%, p = 0.005). For women who had delivered vaginally, multivariable regression analysis showed an odds ratio for constipation of 1.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.109–1.938, p = 0.007). The odds ratio for constipation in women with a spontaneous perineal tear was 1.4 times higher than in women with an intact perineum (p = 0.030). Furthermore, the vaginal delivery group reported difficulties regarding bowel emptying (p = 0.048), straining (p = 0.027), incomplete defecation (p = 0.043), not able to defecate daily (p = 0.018), manually assisted defecation (p = 0.015) and had higher Renzi scores (p = 0.043) more often.

Conclusions
Women in the vaginal delivery group have higher prevalences and odds ratios for constipation. Furthermore, a perineal tear during vaginal delivery increases the odds ratio for constipation.