bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms of the pancreas and bile ducts: a description of five new cases and review based on a systematic survey of the literature
Authors: Liszka Łukasz , Pająk Jacek , Zielińska‐Pająk Ewa , Krzych Łukasz , Gołka Dariusz , Mrowiec Sławomir , Lampe Paweł 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundIntraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (IOPN) are rare tumors of the pancreatic and biliary ductal system. It is not absolutely clear if the molecular and clinicopathologic characteristics of IOPN differ significantly from other related lesions, namely intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). Therefore it is not clear if it is reasonable to consider IOPN as a separate diagnostic and clinical entity.MethodsIn order to describe the clinicopathologic characteristics of IOPN and to compare them with the IPMN profile, we performed a systematic review of the literature and additionally studied five previously unreported IOPN cases.ResultsIOPN differ from IPMN by lack of K‐ras gene mutations in all studied cases. Several differences in the clinical and biological profile between IOPN and IPMN exist, but they are of quantitative rather than of qualitative nature. Additionally, pancreaticobiliary or gastric‐foveolar IPMN components may coexist with IOPN component within a single lesion, which suggests at least a partial relation of the pathogenetic pathways of IPMN and IOPN. Importantly, the pathogenesis of accumulation of mitochondria and oxyphilic appearance of IOPN remains unknown.ConclusionsAt present, there are no reliable criteria other than histopathological picture and K‐ras gene status to differentiate IOPN from IPMN. In particular, no clear differences in optimal treatment options and prognosis between these tumors are known. Further studies are needed to clarify the biology of IOPN and to establish their position in clinicopathologic classifications of pancreatic tumors.
The genetics of affective disorder and suicide
Authors: McGuffin P. , Perroud N. , Uher R. , Butlera A. , Aitchison K.J. , Craig I. , Lewis C. , Farmer A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSuicidal behaviour shows evidence of familial clustering and the twin data on completed suicide suggest moderate heritability. The extent to which the genetics of suicidal behaviour overlaps with the genetics of affective disorders is unclear but there is overwhelming evidence that both bipolar and unipolar disorder are substantially influenced by genes. So far, candidate gene studies of suicidality have provoked much interest, but recently, attention has also turned to candidate gene approaches to suicidal ideation emerging during antidepressant treatment. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has had a major impact on studies of affective disorder with some provocative new findings. The GWAS approach is also beginning to be applied in the search for genes that underlie suicidal ideation and behaviour.
Alcohol craving and the dimensionality of alcohol disorders
Authors: Keyes K. M. , Krueger R. F. , Grant B. F. , Hasin D. S. 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundICD-10 includes a craving criterion for alcohol dependence while DSM-IV does not. Little is known about whether craving fits with or improves the DSM-IV criteria set for alcohol-use disorders.MethodData were derived from current drinkers (n=18 352) in the 1991–1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES), a nationally representative survey of US adults >17 years of age. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule was used to assess the eleven DSM-IV dependence and abuse criteria, and alcohol craving. Exploratory factor, item response theory, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the psychometric properties and concurrent validity of DSM-based alcohol disorder criteria with the addition of alcohol craving.ResultsThe past 12-month prevalence of craving was 1.3%. Craving formed part of a unidimensional latent variable that included existing DSM-IV criteria. Craving demonstrated high severity on the alcohol-use disorder continuum, resulting in an improved dimensional model with greater discriminatory ability compared with current DSM-IV criteria. Correlates of the diagnosis did not change with the addition of craving, and past 12-month craving was associated with prior alcohol dependence, depression, and earlier age of alcohol disorder onset among those with current DSM-IV alcohol dependence.ConclusionsThe addition of craving to the existing DSM-IV criteria yields a continuous measure that better differentiates individuals with and without alcohol problems along the alcohol-use disorder continuum. Few individuals are newly diagnosed with alcohol dependence given the addition of craving, indicating construct validity but redundancy with existing criteria.
Psychiatric ‘diseases’versusbehavioral disorders and degree of genetic influence
Authors: Bienvenu O. J. , Davydow D. S. , Kendler K. S. 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundPsychiatric conditions in which symptoms arise involuntarily (‘diseases’) might be assumed to be more heritable than those in whichchoicesare essential (behavioral disorders). We sought to determine whether psychiatric ‘diseases’ (Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and mood and anxiety disorders) are more heritable than behavioral disorders (substance use disorders and anorexia nervosa).MethodWe reviewed the literature for recent quantitative summaries of heritabilities. When these were unavailable, we calculated weighted mean heritabilities from twin studies meeting modern methological standards.ResultsHeritability summary estimates were as follows: bipolar disorder (85%), schizophrenia (81%), Alzheimer's disease (75%), cocaine use disorder (72%), anorexia nervosa (60%), alcohol dependence (56%), sedative use disorder (51%), cannabis use disorder (48%), panic disorder (43%), stimulant use disorder (40%), major depressive disorder (37%), and generalized anxiety disorder (28%).ConclusionsNo systematic relationship exists between the disease-like character of a psychiatric disorder and its heritability; many behavioral disorders seem to be more heritable than conditions commonly construed as diseases. These results suggest an error in ‘common-sense’ assumptions about the etiology of psychiatric disorders. That is, among psychiatric disorders, there is no close relationship between the strength of genetic influences and the etiologic importance of volitional processes.
Rapid burial has differential effects on germination and emergence of small- and large-seeded herbaceous plant species
Authors: Burmeier Sandra , Donath Tobias W. , Otte Annette , Eckstein R. Lutz 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe dynamics of many plant populations essentially depend upon seed and seedling stages, and a persistent seed bank may give species an opportunity to disperse through time. Seed burial is a decisive prelude to persistence and may strongly influence seed-bank dynamics. The fate of buried seeds depends on species-specific traits, environmental conditions and possibly also burial mode. We tested seed germination, seedling emergence and growth of the co-occurring herbaceous flood-meadow speciesArabis nemorensis,Galium wirtgenii,Inula salicina,Sanguisorba officinalisandSelinum carvifoliain response to the experimental manipulation of burial depth (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 cm) and substrate type (sand, clay). Increasing burial depth led to decreased germination, emergence and growth in all species studied, and seedling growth differed significantly between substrate types. The responses of species differed on an individual basis, but also showed a higher-ranking pattern based on seed size. Larger-seeded species were able to emerge from greater depths and experienced less depth-mediated growth inhibition than smaller-seeded species, which, in turn, had higher survival rates during burial and were less likely to experience fatal germination. Based on these results, we suggest that herbaceous flood-meadow species have developed two different seed-size based strategies for coping with the extreme recruitment conditions prevailing in flood meadows, the balance of which seems to be maintained by disturbance events.
REPRESENTATIONS OF REAL BANACH ALGEBRAS
Authors: ALBIAC F. , BRIEM E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA commutative complex unital Banach algebra can be represented as a space of continuous complex-valued functions on a compact Hausdorff space via the Gelfand transform. However, in general it is not possible to represent a commutative real unital Banach algebra as a space of continuous real-valued functions on some compact Hausdorff space, and for this to happen some additional conditions are needed. In this note we represent a commutative real Banach algebra on a part of its state space and show connections with representations on the maximal ideal space of the algebra (whose existence one has to prove first).
Reaction Attempts Book
Authors: Bradley Jean-Claude , Mirza Khalid , Lang Andrew , Bohinski Tim , Bulger David , Merchant Alisha , Messner Emily , Moritz Marshall , Oseback Shannon , Parikh Rikesh , Shah Mitesh 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis book is a compilation of Ugi reactions attempted for the UsefulChem Project mainly in the Bradley laboratory at Drexel University. This includes failed, inconclusive or in progress reactions as well as those where a product was successfully isolated and characterized. The entries are sorted alphabetically based on reactants. Links are provided to the relevant lab notebook pages. Future editions will include contributions from other sources as well.
What is a Contradiction?
Authors: Grim Patrick 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Definitions drawn from the literature show that the central notion of contradiction is neither simple nor agreed upon. Contradiction has been outlined ontologically, semantically, syntactically, and in terms of assertion and denial; interpretations of the Law of Non-Contradiction (LNC) and of Dialetheism will vary accordingly. Does the range of different concepts of contradiction allow at least some easy cases in deciding for or against Dialetheism or the LNC? Even that attempt, it turns out, quickly faces a crucial impasse regarding exclusionary negation, here outlined in terms of ‘not’. This chapter explores possible responses to the impasse, on both sides, but offers no logically coercive solution.
True and False—As If
Authors: Beall JC 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This chapter advances a version of ‘deflated dialetheism’, a dialetheic truth theory motivated by a ‘deflationary’ conception of truth. In short: truth is an expressive device that we have constructed for practical purposes; it is also an inconsistent device (some sentences are true and not), but such inconsistency does not get in the way of the job ‘true’ was brought in to do. After presenting the target view, objections are addressed.
‘To Pee and not to Pee?’ Could That Be the Question? (Further Reflections of The Dog)
Authors: Garfield Jay 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Priest's LP is formulated with truth value gaps, but no gluts. The Dog argues on epistemological grounds that a paraconsistent logic with truth value gaps as well as gluts is better than one with gluts alone, and shows how this can be achieved with minimal fuss.
An Anti-Realist Critique of Dialetheism
Authors: Tennant Neil 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This chapter criticizes dialetheism from the point of view of an anti-realist with sympathy for relevantism in logical reasoning. It argues that the view that there are true contradictions suffers both from an improper understanding of the interrelations among absurdity, contrariety, falsity, and negation, and from an incorrect diagnosis of what gives rise to the well-known contradictions in semantics and mathematical foundations. Anti-realism emerges as a better reflective equilibrium than dialetheism in confrontation with all these phenomena. Both positions require logical revisions of classical logic. But anti-realism's logical reforms are better motivated than those of the dialetheist, and the resulting logic is more adequate for the methodological demands of mathematics and empirical science. Priest's prospect of an ‘intuitionist dialetheism’ is unconvincing, both because of important features of intuitionistic logic, such as the independence of the logical operators and the normalizability of proof, and because the intuitionist (or anti-realist) disagrees so strongly on the actual alleged examples of dialetheias in logic and foundations.
There Are No True Contradictions
Authors: Weir Alan 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This chapter argues that it is both reasonable and worthwhile for the non-dialetheist to engage in dispute with the dialetheist. From principles acceptable to dialetheists, it can be shown that affirming true contradictions involves the violation of meaning constraints; here, appeal is made to the relationship between Quinean matrices of belief and disbelief, and the voluntary practices of accepting and rejection. It is further argued that dialetheism involves an ad hoc asymmetry between the roles of truth and falsity, that it is unable to give an adequate account of the ‘classical recapture’ of the classical mathematics we need for science, and that it cannot provide a non-subjective characterization of the distinction between good and bad contradictions, this implicating it in a form of irrationalism.
The Great Urban Transformation
Authors: Hsing You-tien 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis book emphasizes the centrality of cities in China's ongoing transformation. Based on fieldwork in twenty-four Chinese cities between 1996 and 2007, the author forwards an analysis of the relations between the city, the state, and society through two novel concepts: urbanization of the local state and civic territoriality. Urbanization of the local state is a process of state power restructuring entailing an accumulation regime based on the commodification of state-owned land, the consolidation of territorial authority through construction projects, and a policy discourse dominated by notions of urban modernity. Civic territoriality encompasses the politics of distribution engendered by urban expansionism, and social actors' territorial strategies toward self-protection. Findings are based on observations in three types of places. In the inner city of major metropolitan centers, municipal governments battle high-ranking state agencies to secure land rents from redevelopment projects, while residents mobilize to assert property and residential rights. At the urban edge, as metropolitan governments seek to extend control over their rural hinterland through massive-scale development projects, villagers strategize to profit from the encroaching property market. At the rural fringe, township leaders become brokers of power and property between the state bureaucracy and villages, while large numbers of peasants are dispossessed, dispersed, and deterritorialized; their mobilizational capacity is consequently undermined.
Chapter 2 Municipal Governments, Socialist Land Masters, and Urban Land Battles
Authors: Hsing You‐tien 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChapter 2 discusses local politics at the municipal government level. It focuses on land battles in the urban core between high‐ranking state units (or “socialist land masters”) and municipal governments. It argues that while the socialist land masters occupy premium land parcels inherited from the planned economy, the municipal government's authority is reinforced by a modernist discourse, Western urban planning doctrines, and recent policies that grant authority over state‐owned urban land to the territorial government. Rather than settling the matter of power in the city, however, municipal leaders' granted authority is tested and defined by their political, regulatory, organizational, and moral authority in negotiations with those above, within, and below them. The municipal government's regulatory capacity is especially challenged by a fragmented real estate industry that includes players from state, non‐state, and hybrid sectors.
Chapter 8 A New Territorial Order
Authors: Hsing You‐tien 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChapter 8 broadens the scope of this book and makes programmatic connections both between the urbanized local state and China's emerging territorial order, and between civic territoriality and the prospects of grassroots mobilization in Chinese cities and the countryside. Both issues are at the center of the recent property crisis and rural reform in China. On the former, the author proposes that while state power is restructured through the double movement of power decentralization and reconcentration among competing local states, leading cities of metropolitan regions rise to dominate the new territorial order. On the latter, two theoretical connections can be made between civic territoriality and social activism. The first one responds to debates on the relative importance of community and class in urban social movements; the second examines rural collectivism and suggests that while much‐criticized collective land ownership persists in China, peasants' collective organization and identity have been paradoxically dismantled to a significant extent.
First Report of Leaf Spot of Dracaena reflexa Caused by Burkholderia gladioli Worldwide
Authors: Romberg M. K. , Griffin R. L. , Murugan S. , Quinn B. D. , Alexander B. J. R. 
Published: May 2010

In December 2008 (austral summer), a new disease of Dracaena reflexa Lam. cv. Anita was observed in a postentry quarantine greenhouse near Auckland, New Zealand on plants imported from Costa Rica. Symptoms included rust-colored, water-soaked lesions with chlorotic margins approximately 5 by 10 mm. When the disease was first noticed, incidence approached 80%, but subsequent reduction in greenhouse temperature dramatically reduced symptom expression and lesions were only visible on some leaf tips. Bacteria consistently isolated from the lesions on King's medium B (KB) were cream-colored, shiny, and produced a yellow, diffusible, nonfluorescent pigment. All isolates were able to rot onion slices. On the basis of BIOLOG (Hayward, CA) carbon utilization profiles, isolates were initially identified as Burkholderia gladioli (Severini 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993 with a probability index of 100% and a similarity index of 0.85. For molecular identification, a near full-length sequence of the 16S rDNA gene was amplified from all isolates using primers fD2 and rP1 (1), obtaining a PCR product of approximately 1,500 bp. The nucleotide sequences were 100% identical to a number of B. gladioli GenBank entries, including Accession Nos. EF193645 and EF088209. To confirm pathogenicity, three isolates (two isolated prior to greenhouse temperature reduction and one after) were used. Three D. reflexa plants were inoculated per bacterial isolate by wounding three young fully expanded leaves on each plant (four wounds per leaf) and spraying the leaves with a bacterial suspension in sterile distilled water at 108 CFU/ml. At the same time, Gladiolus nanus plants were inoculated in a similar manner. Control plants (D. reflexa and G. nanus) were wounded and sprayed with sterile distilled water. All inoculated plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain humidity and placed in a growth chamber at 25°C. At 3 days, all inoculated plants began to show water soaking and reddish coloration around the inoculation sites, and by 7 days, the lesions had expanded to resemble natural infection. Bacteria isolated on KB from the leading edge of each lesion were morphologically identical to the initial isolates. No bacteria were recovered from the wound sites on the control plants. The 16S rDNA sequences of selected isolates from inoculated plants showed 100% identity to the sequences of the initial isolates, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. gladioli causing leaf spot of D. reflexa in the world. Reference: (1) W. G. Weisburg et al. J. Bacteriol. 173:697, 1991.
First Report of Grapevine Virus Sequences Highly Similar to Grapevine Syrah virus-1 from Washington Vineyards
Authors: Mekuria T. A. , Naidu R. A. 
Published: May 2010

Grapevine Syrah virus-1 (GSyV-1), a tentative member of the genus Marafivirus in the family Tymoviridae, has recently been found in a declining Syrah grapevine in California vineyards (1). To determine if GSyV-1 is present in grapevines grown in Washington State vineyards, extracts prepared from individual grapevines of six cultivars (Merlot, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Lemberger, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Syrah/Shiraz) were tested by single-tube reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the primer pair GSyV-1 Det-F (5′-CAAGCCATCCGTGCATCTGG-3′) and GSyV-1 Det-R (5′-GCCGATTTGGAACCCGATGG-3′). The primer GSyV-1 Det-F is identical to nucleotides (nt) 1125 to 1144 and GSyV-1 Det-R complementary to nt 1401 to 1420 of the GSyV-1 genome (GenBank Accession No. NC_012484) in the putative movement protein encoding gene (1). DNA fragment of approximately 296 base pairs (bp) was amplified only from 7 of 60 and 2 of 20 individual grapevines of cv. Syrah/Shiraz and Chardonnay, respectively, obtained from geographically separate vineyards. The 296-bp fragments from three Syrah/Shiraz and two Chardonnay grapevines were cloned individually into the pCR2.1 plasmid (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA). Three independent clones derived from each DNA fragment were sequenced from both orientations and the sequences edited and assembled using ContigExpress project in the Vector NTI Advance 11 sequence analysis software packages (Invitrogen). Pairwise comparison of four of these sequences (Accession Nos. GU372349–52) showed 99 to 100% amino acid (aa) sequence identity among themselves and with corresponding sequences of GSyV-1. Because of the lack of antibodies, an additional 611-bp fragment specific to the capsid protein (CP) gene of GSyV-1 was amplified from six isolates (five from cv. Syrah/Shiraz, and one from cv. Chardonnay) (Accession Nos. GU372353–66) using primers GSyV-1-F (5′-TGTCGACGCTCCAATGTCTGA-3′) and GSyV-1-R (5′-CATTGCTGCGCTTTGGAGGCTTTA-3′). GSyV-1-F is identical to nt 5775 to 5795 and GSyV-1-R is complementary to nt 6385 to 6408 of the GSyV-1 genome. The amplicons were cloned and sequenced as described above. Comparison of these sequences among themselves and with corresponding sequences of GSyV-1 showed 96 to 99% aa sequence identity, further complementing the results obtained above. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of viral sequences closely related to GSyV-1 in Washington vineyards. Together with other reports (1,2), this study suggests that viruses similar to GSyV-1 could be widely distributed in wine grape cultivars across grape-growing regions. References: (1) M. Rwahnih et al. Virology 387:395, 2009. (2) S. Sabanadzovic. Virology 394:1, 2009.