bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring impacts of COVID-19 on spatial and temporal patterns of visitors to Canadian Rocky Mountain National Parks from social media big data
Authors: Geng Dehui Christina , Li Amy , Zhang Jieyu , Harshaw Howie W. , Gaston Christopher , Wu Wanli , Wang Guangyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 posed challenges for global tourism management. Changes in visitor temporal and spatial patterns and their associated determinants pre- and peri-pandemic in Canadian Rocky Mountain National Parks are analyzed. Data was collected through social media programming and analyzed using spatiotemporal analysis and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. Results highlight that COVID-19 significantly changed park visitation patterns. Visitors tended to explore more remote areas peri-pandemic. The GWR model also indicated distance to nearby trails was a significant influence on visitor density. Our results indicate that the pandemic influenced tourism temporal and spatial imbalance. This research presents a novel approach using combined social media big data which can be extended to the field of tourism management, and has important implications to manage visitor patterns and to allocate resources efficiently to satisfy multiple objectives of park management.
Fasting hyperglycaemia and fatty liver drive colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis in 1145 patients
Authors: Crudele Lucilla , De Matteis Carlo , Novielli Fabio , Petruzzelli Stefano , Di Buduo Ersilia , Graziano Giusi , Cariello Marica , Piccinin Elena , Gadaleta Raffaella Maria , Moschetta Antonio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents the hepatic manifestation of increased adiposopathy, whose pathogenetic features have been proposed as tumourigenic triggers for colorectal cancer (CRC). We aim to identify specific metabolic signatures involved in CRC development that may be used as non-invasive biomarkers, paving the way for specific and personalized strategies of CRC prevention and early detection.

Methods
We retrospectively assessed CRC onset during a time frame of 8 years in a cohort of 1145 out-patients individuals who had previously been evaluated for Metabolic Syndrome.

Results
28 patients developed CRC. No association between CRC development and visceral and general obesity was detected, while baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and non-invasive liver fibrosis scores were significantly higher in patients with CRC, compared to those who did not develop cancer. Liver steatosis and MASLD were more frequently diagnosed in patients who developed CRC compared to no cancer developers. Canonical correlations among metabolic biomarkers were not present in CRC developers, differently from no cancer group. In ROC analysis, FPG and non-invasive scores also showed good sensitivity and specificity in predicting colon cancer. We then calculated ORs for metabolic biomarkers, finding that higher FPG and non-invasive scores were associated with an increased risk of developing CRC.

Conclusion
MASLD and increased FPG may play a role in the clinical background of CRC, bringing to light the fascinating possibility of a reversed gut–liver axis communication in the pathogenesis of CRC. Thus, the use of non-invasive scores of fatty liver may be helpful to predict the risk of CRC and serve as novel prognostic factors for prevention and therapeutic strategies.
Storable Cheese Curd—Effect of Milk Homogenization as a Pre-treatment and Freezing and Extrusion of Cheese Curd on Production of Pasta Filata Style Cheese
Authors: Schmidt Florian , Graf Britta , Hinrichs Jörg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the production of pasta filata style cheese from a storable, frozen intermediate material. Homogenization (2–16 MPa, single-staged) of milk (fat/protein = 0.9) was used as a tool to decrease fat globule size and consequently fat losses. Plasticization was achieved by using a single-screw extruder set up with double-jacketed hot water cycle. Non-frozen and frozen cheese curd as well as the extruded pasta filata style cheese pre-treated with different homogenization pressure was analyzed regarding the thermo-rheological properties. Fat and protein gain/loss during extrusion was evaluated by analyzing fat in dry matter (FDM) and protein in dry matter (PDM) before and after extrusion. Homogenization of cheese milk leads to a reduction of tan δ for thereof produced raw cheese curd material as well as the extruded products. Freezing and extrusion counteract the reduction of tan δ. A homogenization pressure of 8 MPa is sufficient to prevent fat losses during extrusion while still maintaining plasticization of the product for fresh and frozen material, respectively. The FDM after extrusion is 0.8% higher for fresh material and 4.9% higher for frozen material, which means that the fat concentrates during extrusion due to water loss. Moreover, there is no loss of PDM for all samples, regardless of the homogenization pressure. A combination of homogenization pressure, freezing, and extrusion leads to a plasticizable product without losses of fat and protein. Hence, frozen cheese curd can be used as a storable intermediate.
Indikationen zur Unterbrechung von rheumatologischen Basistherapien
Authors: Hintenberger Rainer 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungEntscheidungen über Therapiepausen bei Rheumapatienten sind komplex und bedürfen einer genauen Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung. Einerseits besteht die Gefahr von Komplikationen durch ein Fortführen der Therapie andererseits kann ein längeres Pausieren zu Schüben führen. Nicht selten führt dies in der Praxis zu vermehrter Einnahme von Glucocorticoiden, nichtsteroidalen Antirheumatika (NSAR) oder ihrer Kombination mit den bekannten Risiken. Umso wichtiger ist es, eine Entscheidung nach mehreren Gesichtspunkten zu treffen, um für PatientInnen das optimale medikamentöse Management zu gewährleisten. Ziel dieses Artikels liegt darin, Ärzten als Entscheidungshilfe zu dienen, ob oder wann eine Therapiepause rheumatologischer Basistherapien indiziert ist.
Increasing Help-Seeking Intentions for Mental Health Difficulties in Early Adolescence: The Role of Cumulative Promotive Factors
Authors: Ashworth Emma , Saini Pooja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite evidence to suggest that receiving support for mental health difficulties can improve later outcomes, adolescents often do not seek help when needed. While factors that reduce the likelihood of help-seeking intentions are well established, little is known about the factors that may increase adolescents’ intentions to seek help. This study sought to identify promotive factors for general help-seeking intentions, as well as help-seeking intentions from formal and informal sources specifically, and to test the assumptions of cumulative promotion theory in relation to help-seeking. Participants comprised 290 early adolescents (aged 11–14) in Northwest England who completed a suite of online measures assessing their mental health, wellbeing, and help-seeking intentions. Candidate promotive factors were modelled, and a cumulative promotive index (CPI) score was generated for each participant. Hierarchical regression was used to analyse the data. A range of promotive factors were identified for help-seeking intentions. CPI scores were significant predictors of all three help-seeking outcomes, even after accounting for the variance explained by the individual promotive factors. Thus, this study confirms two key tenets of cumulative promotion theory in relation to help-seeking intentions amongst adolescents: (1) as the number of promotive factors increases, intentions to seek help for mental health difficulties also increase, and (2) the number of promotive factors is more important than their nature when increasing help-seeking intentions.
Plasma Corin: A New Biochemical Marker for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ibrahem Mohamed Abdel-moniem , Saber Al-Karamany Amira , Esawy Marwa M. , Elasy Amina Nagy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a risk factor for PCOS. Corin protein has an essential role in ANP synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate corin as a sensitive biomarker for PCOS.

Materials and Methods
A case-control study was conducted with 70 PCOS patients and 70 healthy females. Plasma Corin levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The median plasma corin levels in PCOS patients and controls were 1785 and 822.5 pg/mL, respectively. Plasma corin levels were significantly elevated in PCOS patients than in the controls (p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value was set at 1186 pg/mL. The sensitivity and specificity of Corin were 100% and 97.1%, respectively. Plasma corin levels were surrogate predictors for infertility in women with PCOS. It had an odds ratio of 5.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–32.7) (p = 0.04). Plasma corin levels were more highly detected in patients with PCOS than in the controls.

Conclusion
Plasma corin level has reasonable diagnostic interpretation for PCOS. Corin appears as a worthy distinct predictor of infertility in PCOS women. Therefore, Corin may be a substantial biomarker for PCOS.
Valuing a Reduction in the Risk and Severity of Asthma: A Large Scale Multi-Country Stated Preference Approach
Authors: Appéré Gildas , Dussaux Damien , Krupnick Alan , Travers Muriel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAsthma is a non-communicable and non-curable lung disease that affects 10% of children and 4% of adults worldwide and is associated with an array of environmental contaminants and chemicals. This article offers values suitable for use in cost–benefit analyses of the willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced severity of asthma in adults and children and in reduced probability of getting asthma for these two population groups, all in the context of reducing chemical exposures. To this end, an online survey was administered between November 2021 and May 2022 to 12 727 respondents from seven countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). This article applies two stated preference methods for eliciting WTP: the contingent valuation method for reduced asthma severity and choice experiments for reduced probability of getting asthma of various severities. The context for such elicitations was a set of household products that contain fewer hazardous chemicals than what is currently available in supermarkets but are more expensive. The study finds that the WTP for reducing asthma severity in adults by one step, e.g. from “moderate plus” to “moderate”, is USD2022 529 per year on average. The parental WTP for reducing asthma severity in their children is USD2022 PPP 948 per year and is on average 1.8 times higher than their WTP for themselves. The mean value of a statistical case (VSC) of adult asthma which would be applied to predictions of new cases of asthma avoided by a regulation equals USD2022 280 000, while the mean VSC of childhood asthma equals USD2022 430 000.
Die Auszubildendenkonferenz
Authors: Schumacher Clara , Brüchmann Sabine 
Published: April 2024

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Anforderungen und Ansprüche an das eigene Arbeitsumfeld sind von Generation zu Generation unterschiedlich. Die Arbeitswelt muss auf die Variabilität der unterschiedlichen Generationen reagieren. Besonders im Klinikalltag und im Angesicht der Herausforderung des pflegerischen Fachkräftemangels kommt dem Onboarding der Generation Z eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Um diesen genannten Herausforderungen zu begegnen, bietet sich eine klar definierte und gelebte Austauschstruktur an. So erhalten die Führungskräfte einerseits einen Einblick in die Lebensanschauung und die Bedürfnisse der Generation Z und andererseits die Auszubildenden die Möglichkeit, ihren Wissens- und Informationsbedarf zu formulieren. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Ein frühzeitiger Beziehungsaufbau zu den potenziellen neuen Mitarbeitenden ist so durch alle Hierarchieebenen möglich. Dadurch erhöht sich die Identifikation der Auszubildenden mit dem praktischen Ausbildungsumfeld und wird eine höhere Übernahmequote ermöglicht.
The 2022 Tonga Tsunami on the Pacific and Atlantic Coasts of the Americas
Authors: Zaytsev Oleg , Rabinovich Alexander B. , Thomson Richard E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Hunga‐Tonga volcano eruption on 15 January 2022 generated tsunami waves that impacted both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the Americas. A unique feature of this event was the dual tsunami generation mechanism, which led to motions with long (several days) ringing and slow energy decay. The first ocean waves to reach the coast were “atmospheric tsunamis” generated by atmospheric Lamb waves that propagated with the speed of sound (∼314 m/s) and circled the globe in both directions several times before being fully attenuated. The second type of ocean waves were classical “oceanic tsunami” waves forced directly by the volcanic eruption and which propagated across the Pacific at roughly 2/3 the speed of the atmospheric waves. This study focuses on time series of the Hunga‐Tonga event recorded by tide gauges, microbarographs and Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis on and off the Pacific coasts of North and Central America and in the Gulf of Mexico. Atmospheric tsunami waves only were recorded in the Gulf of Mexico, where the sea level response to the second, westward (shoreward) propagating atmospheric wave was stronger than to the first, eastward (seaward) propagating wave. Along the Pacific coast, the atmospheric tsunami waves were approximately 3–4 times smaller than the oceanic tsunami waves, which at several Mexican stations exceeded 2 m in height. The broad frequency range of 0.2–0.25 to 30 cph spanned by the oceanic tsunami in the Pacific indicates that the “effective” source area for the oceanic waves was more extensive than initially proposed.
Contemporary dental student professionalism: moving towards a macro-level perspective
Authors: Cunningham Isabelle M. , Gormley Mark , Neville Patricia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDefining professionalism and developing educational interventions that foster and assess student professionalism are integral to dental education. Nevertheless, conceptual, methodological and pedagogic differences define the academic field, leaving students, educators and the profession itself struggling to make meaningful progress on how best to elicit and monitor dental student professionalism. This article proposes that more progress can be made on this important issue when a contextualised, sociological assessment of dentistry and dental professionalism is undertaken. We contend that identifying some of the socio-cultural demands in UK dental students' lives, and acknowledging how these pressures shape their interactions with the UK dental education system, provides a nuanced and contemporaneous understanding of what it means to be an oral health care professional at a time of social and health care upheaval. Dental educators can use this insight to work towards being more understanding of and responsive to dental student professional development.
Sprouty1 is a broad mediator of cellular senescence
Authors: Anerillas Carlos , Perramon-Güell Aida , Altés Gisela , Cuesta Sara , Vaquero Marta , Olomí Anna , Rodríguez-Barrueco Ruth , Llobet-Navàs David , Egea Joaquim , Dolcet Xavi , Yeramian Andrée , Encinas Mario 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenes of the Sprouty family (Spry1-4) restrain signaling by certain receptor tyrosine kinases. Consequently, these genes participate in several developmental processes and function as tumor suppressors in adult life. Despite these important roles, the biology of this family of genes still remains obscure. Here we show that Sprouty proteins are general mediators of cellular senescence. Induction of cellular senescence by several triggers in vitro correlates with upregulation of Sprouty protein levels. More importantly, overexpression of Sprouty genes is sufficient to cause premature cellular senescence, via a conserved N-terminal tyrosine (Tyrosine 53 of Sprouty1). Accordingly, fibroblasts from knockin animals lacking that tyrosine escape replicative senescence. In vivo, heterozygous knockin mice display delayed induction of cellular senescence during cutaneous wound healing and upon chemotherapy-induced cellular senescence. Unlike other functions of this family of genes, induction of cellular senescence appears to be independent of activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Instead, we show that Sprouty proteins induce cellular senescence upstream of the p38 pathway in these in vitro and in vivo paradigms.
Targeted small molecule inhibitors blocking the cytolytic effects of pneumolysin and homologous toxins
Authors: Aziz Umer Bin Abdul , Saoud Ali , Bermudez Marcel , Mieth Maren , Atef Amira , Rudolf Thomas , Arkona Christoph , Trenkner Timo , Böttcher Christoph , Ludwig Kai , Hoelzemer Angelique , Hocke Andreas C. , Wolber Gerhard , Rademann Jörg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPneumolysin (PLY) is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) from Streptococcus pneumoniae, the main cause for bacterial pneumonia. Liberation of PLY during infection leads to compromised immune system and cytolytic cell death. Here, we report discovery, development, and validation of targeted small molecule inhibitors of PLY (pore-blockers, PB). PB-1 is a virtual screening hit inhibiting PLY-mediated hemolysis. Structural optimization provides PB-2 with improved efficacy. Cryo-electron tomography reveals that PB-2 blocks PLY-binding to cholesterol-containing membranes and subsequent pore formation. Scaffold-hopping delivers PB-3 with superior chemical stability and solubility. PB-3, formed in a protein-templated reaction, binds to Cys428 adjacent to the cholesterol recognition domain of PLY with a KD of 256 nM and a residence time of 2000 s. It acts as anti-virulence factor preventing human lung epithelial cells from PLY-mediated cytolysis and cell death during infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and is active against the homologous Cys-containing CDC perfringolysin (PFO) as well.
Synchronization of Ti3C2 MXene/Fe3+ with sodium persulfate for the degradation of reactive dyes
Authors: Li Wanxin , Shu Dawu , An Fangfang , Liu Ruigang , Shan Juchuan , Han Bo , Cao Shaolei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRapid activation of sodium persulfate (SPS) for the degradation of C.I. Reactive Red 218 (RR218) was achieved using Ti3C2 MXene reduction of trace Fe3+. The degradation rate of RR218 reached 97.7% using a mixture containing 3 g L−1 of SPS, 3.35 mg L−1 of Fe3+ and 60 mg L−1 of MXene stirred at 25 °C for 30 min. The intense reduction of Ti3C2 MXene triggers the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle thereby accelerating the activation of SPS. When reactive dyes were degraded by Fe3+/SPS/MXene process, ·OH played a major role. The dye degradation capacity of the Fe3+/SPS/MXene process decreased after 5 cycles of recycling. In addition, the wastewater treated under these conditions resulted in high dyeing efficiencies in reuse experiments. This study not only improves the understanding of the catalytic reaction of MXene but also provides a wastewater treatment and reuse process with low metal consumption and high efficiency.
The mediation effects of nightmares and depression between insomnia and suicidal ideation in young adults
Authors: Guo Zixuan , Han Xiaoli , Kong Tiantian , Wu Yan , Kang Yimin , Liu Yanlong , Wang Fan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSuicide is prevalent among young adults, and epidemiological studies indicate that insomnia, nightmares, and depression are significantly associated with a high incidence of suicidal ideation (SI). However, the causal relationship between these factors and SI remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between nightmares and depression and insomnia and SI in young adults, as well as to develop a mediation model to investigate the causal relationship between insomnia, nightmare, depression, and SI. We assessed insomnia, nightmares, depression, and SI in 546 young adults using the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Severity Scale (DDNSI), Depression Study Scale (CESD-20), and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Using the Bootstrap method, the mediation effects of nightmares and depression between insomnia and SI were calculated. The results demonstrated that nightmares and depression fully mediated the relationship between insomnia and SI, including the chain-mediation of insomnia and SI between nightmare and depression with an effect value of 0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.04, and depression as a mediator between insomnia and SI with an effect value of 0.22, 95% CI 0.15–0.29. This study found that depression and nightmares may be risk and predictive factors between insomnia and SI, which implies that the assessment and treatment of depression and the simple or linked effect of nightmares play crucial roles in preventing SI in young adults.
Understanding the impact of modiolus porosity on stimulation of spiral ganglion neurons by cochlear implants
Authors: Sriperumbudur Kiran K. , Appali Revathi , Gummer Anthony W. , van Rienen Ursula 
Published: April 2024

AbstractModerate-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss in humans is treatable by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve (AN) with a cochlear implant (CI). In the cochlea, the modiolus presents a porous bony interface between the CI electrode and the AN. New bone growth caused by the presence of the CI electrode or neural degeneration inflicted by ageing or otological diseases might change the effective porosity of the modiolus and, thereby, alter its electrical material properties. Using a volume conductor description of the cochlea, with the aid of a ‘mapped conductivity’ method and an ad-hoc ‘regionally kinetic’ equation system, we show that even a slight variation in modiolus porosity or pore distribution can disproportionately affect AN stimulation. Hence, because of porosity changes, an inconsistent CI performance might occur if neural degeneration or new bone growth progress after implantation. Appropriate electrical material properties in accordance with modiolar morphology and pathology should be considered in patient-specific studies. The present first-of-its-kind in-silico study advocates for contextual experimental studies to further explore the utility of modiolus porous morphology in optimising the CI outcome.