bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric observation units in the United States: A systematic review
Authors: Macy Michelle L. , Kim Christopher S. , Sasson Comilla , Lozon Marie M. , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:As more efficient and value‐based care models are sought for the US healthcare system, geographically distinct observation units (OUs) may become an integral part of hospital‐based care for children.PURPOSE:To systematically review the literature and evaluate the structure and function of pediatric OUs in the United States.DATA SOURCES:Searches were conducted in Medline, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Health Care Advisory Board (HCAB), Lexis‐Nexis, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and Cochrane Reviews, through February 2009, with review of select bibliographies.STUDY SELECTION:English language peer‐reviewed publications on pediatric OU care in the United States.DATA EXTRACTION:Two authors independently determined study eligibility. Studies were graded using a 5‐level quality assessment tool. Data were extracted using a standardized form.DATA SYNTHESIS:A total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria: 2 randomized trials, 2 prospective observational, 12 retrospective cohort, 2 before and after, and 3 descriptive studies. Studies present data on more than 22,000 children cared for in OUs, most at large academic centers. This systematic review provides a descriptive overview of the structure and function of pediatric OUs in the United States. Despite seemingly straightforward outcomes for OU care, significant heterogeneity in the reporting of length of stay, admission rates, return visit rates, and costs precluded our ability to conduct meta‐analyses. We propose standard outcome measures and future directions for pediatric OU research.CONCLUSIONS:Future research using consistent outcome measures will be critical to determining whether OUs can improve the quality and cost of providing care to children requiring observation‐length stays. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:172–182. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
“On the other hand …”: The evidence does not support the use of hand‐carried ultrasound by hospitalists
Authors: Feldman Mitchell D. , Petersen Amy Jean , Tice Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the right hands, ultrasound is a safe and helpful diagnostic imaging tool. However, evidence supporting the use of hand‐carried ultrasound (HCU) by hospitalist physicians has not kept pace with expanding application of these devices. In spite of its strategic point‐of‐care benefit, use of this technology by hospitalists may not ultimately translate into improved efficiency and better clinical outcomes. Optimal levels of training in image acquisition and interpretation remain to be established. Novelty, availability, and the results of a few small studies lacking patient‐centered outcomes remain insufficient grounds to justify the expanded clinical utilization of these medical imaging devices by nonspecialists. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:168–171. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Upper versus lower gastrointestinal bleeding: A direct comparison of clinical presentation, outcomes, and resource utilization
Authors: Whelan Chad T. , Chen Connie , Kaboli Peter , Siddique Juned , Prochaska Micah , Meltzer David O. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPURPOSE:To compare prevalence, clinical outcomes, and resource utilization between subjects with lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).METHODS:Using administrative data, patient surveys, and chart abstraction, comparisons between subjects admitted with LGIB and UGIB were made by employing bivariate and multivariate statistics.RESULTS:A total of 367 subjects were identified, LGIB = 187 and UGIB = 180. Subjects with UGIB compared to LGIB had greater admission hemodynamic instability including tachycardia and orthostasis but clinical outcomes were similar. In multivariate analyses, no significant differences were observed for in‐hospital mortality transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) or 30‐day readmission rate. Resource utilization was similar in UGIB and LGIB, including mean costs, length of stay, and number of endoscopic procedures.CONCLUSIONS:Unlike prior studies, this direct comparison of LGIB to UGIB identified more similarities than differences with similar prevalence rates, clinical outcomes, and resource utilization, suggesting that the epidemiology of gastrointestinal bleeding may be changing. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:141–147. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Do hospitalists affect clinical outcomes and efficiency for patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH)?
Authors: Go Jorge T. , Vaughan‐Sarrazin Mary , Auerbach Andrew , Schnipper Jeffrey , Wetterneck Tosha B. , Gonzalez David , Meltzer David , Kaboli Peter J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Care by hospitalists has been associated with improved/similar clinical outcomes and efficiency. However, less is known about their effect on conditions dependent upon specialists for procedures/treatment plans. Our objective was to compare care for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) patients attended by academic hospitalists and nonhospitalists.METHODS:The study included 450 UGIH patients admitted to general medical services of 6 teaching hospitals. Outcomes included in‐hospital mortality and complications (ie, recurrent bleeding, intensive care unit [ICU] transfer, decompensation, transfusion, reendoscopy, 30‐day readmission). Efficiency was measured by hospital costs and length of stay (LOS).RESULTS:Of 450 patients, 40% (177) were cared for by hospitalists with no differences between groups by endoscopic diagnosis, performance of early esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), Rockall risk score, or Charlson comorbidity index. Unadjusted clinical outcomes between hospitalists and nonhospitalists were similar except for 2 outcomes: patients cared for by hospitalists were more likely to receive a transfusion (74% vs. 63%; P = 0.02) or be readmitted within 30 days (7.3% vs. 3.3%; P = 0.05). However, differences in adverse outcomes between providers were not seen after multivariable adjustments. Median LOS was similar for hospitalists and nonhospitalists (4 days; P = 0.69), but patients cared for by hospitalists had higher median costs ($7,359 vs. $6,181; P < 0.01). In multivariable analyses, LOS was similar (5.2 vs. 4.7 days; P = 0.15) and costs remained higher for the hospitalist‐led teams (P < 0.03).CONCLUSIONS:Despite having similar overall outcomes and LOS, costs were higher in UGIH patients attended by hospitalists. These results suggest that the academic hospitalist model may be tempered in patients requiring specialists for procedures or management. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:133–139. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Reducing patient financial liability for hospitalizations: The physician role
Authors: Ross Edward A. , Bellamy Frank B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWith increasingly strict guidelines for insurance coverage, hospitals have adopted meticulous resource utilization review and management processes. It is important for physicians to appreciate that careful documentation of certain patient parameters may not only optimize the facility's reimbursement but have profound impact on the patient's out‐of‐pocket expenses. Hospital utilization teams have access to the frequently changing national payor guidelines for policy benefits, usually revolving around whether the patient meets medical necessity criteria for being classified as an “inpatient” vs. an “observation” outpatient. Those statuses are not merely time‐based, and lead to marked differences in patient deductibles and coverage for medication, room, procedure, laboratory, and ancillary charges. There are nationally‐recognized guidelines for classification, based on severity of illness and intensity of services provided. By participating in case management activities, physicians can have an important patient advocate role, and thereby minimize the financial burden to these individuals and their families. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:160–162. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Ready or not: How do we accelerate the developmental readiness of leaders?
Authors: Hannah Sean T. , Avolio Bruce J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA theory of leader developmental readiness is examined comprised of leaders' motivation and ability to develop. Early theory‐building and testing suggests leaders' motivation to develop is promoted through interest and goals, learning goal orientation, and developmental efficacy; while leaders' ability to develop is promoted through self‐awareness, self‐complexity, and meta‐cognitive ability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Off‐line 2‐D RPLC/RPLC method for separation of components in Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Guo Zhimou , Zhang Xiuli , Liang Xinmiao , Zhang Yukui 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn off‐line 2‐D RPLC/RPLC system incorporating a β‐CD based column and a BEH C18 column was developed in the separation of components in Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen. (Jiang Xiang). Both orthogonality and van Deemter curves of the two columns were investigated. The orthogonality was about 57%, which was evaluated with 40 standard solutes. Optimized column efficiency could be achieved under optimal linear velocity (0.04 cm/s) on the CD column or under high linear velocity (0.32 cm/s) on the BEH C18 column. With the 2‐D LC system, totally 637 peaks were separated in 114 fractions from the extraction of Jiang Xiang. Meanwhile, 19 flavanoids were tentatively identified from 114 fractions with Q‐TOF MS. The results demonstrated the separation power of this 2‐D LC system and further proved the high orthogonality between CD and C18 columns.
Characterization of the adult zebrafish cardiac proteome using online pH gradient strong cation exchange‐RP 2D LC coupled with ESI MS/MS
Authors: Zhang Jiang , Lanham Kevin A. , Peterson Richard E. , Heideman Warren , Li Lingjun 
Published: March 2010

Abstract2D HPLC separations by coupling strong cation exchange (SCX) and RP fractionation have been widely used in large‐scale proteomic studies. Traditionally this method is performed by salt gradient SCX separation followed by RP and MS/MS analysis. The salt gradient SCX method has been known to have low peptide and protein resolution. In this study, we implemented a pH gradient SCX‐RP HPLC platform to separate proteome digests from adult zebrafish hearts, followed by ESI quadrupole‐TOF MS/MS analysis. This pH gradient SCX method has improved peptide separation, as demonstrated by a greater number of peptides and proteins identified from individual SCX fractions. This pH gradient method also has better MS compatibility owing to lower salt usage. This setup allows fast microflow fractionation in SCX dimension and nanoflow RP separation in the second dimension, and can be easily implemented on conventional capillary LC ESI MS/MS systems. Using this setup, we identified 1375 proteins from adult zebrafish hearts, establishing the first reported experimental data set for the heart proteome of zebrafish. This work laid the foundation for further studies of environmental cardiac toxicology using zebrafish as a model organism.
Hydrostatic countercurrent chromatography and ultra high pressure LC: Two fast complementary separation methods for the preparative isolation and the analysis of the fragrant massoia lactones
Authors: Urbain Aurélie , Corbeiller Pierre , Aligiannis Nektarios , Halabalaki Maria , Skaltsounis Alexios‐Leandros 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUsing a one‐step preparative hydrostatic countercurrent chromatography method, the fragrant massoia lactones were purified from the crude massoia bark oil, in less than 3 h. The fractionation was performed with the biphasic solvent system c‐hexane–methanol–water (10:9:1, v/v/v), leading to target compounds with purity over 96%, as determined by GC‐MS and ultra high pressure LC‐MS analyses. Together with C‐10, C‐12 and C‐14 massoia lactones, two other aromatic compounds used in perfumes, benzyl benzoate and benzyl salicylate, were also obtained as pure compounds. In parallel, an easy and efficient ultra high pressure LC method was developed for the ultra‐fast analysis of massoia lactones, as an alternative to long GC‐MS methods.
Isolated fracture of the malleus handle: A video clip
Authors: Casale Manuele , De Franco Antonio , Rinaldi Vittorio , Zini Carlo , Salvinelli Fabrizio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIsolated malleus fracture is a rare clinical entity, and usually the handle of the malleus is involved. We report a video, to our knowledge the first in the literature, of a diagnostic otoscopy of a malleus fracture showing the movement of a left fractured malleus handle during a Valsalva maneuver (see the video online at www.laryngoscope.com). Laryngoscope, 2010
Evaluation of the Personal Impact Health Assessment Questionnaire (PI HAQ) to capture the impact of disability in osteoarthritis
Authors: Wylde Vikki , Livesey Christine , Learmonth Ian D , Blom Ashley W , Hewlett Sarah 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim: Measuring facts about disability may not reflect their personal impact. An individualized values instrument has been used to weight difficulty in performing activities of daily living in rheumatoid arthritis, and calculate personal impact (Personal Impact Health Assessment Questionnaire; PI HAQ). This study aimed to evaluate the PI HAQ in osteoarthritis (OA).Study design: Study 1: 51 people with OA completed short and long versions of the value instrument at 0 and 1 week. Study 2: 116 people with OA completed the short value instrument, disability and psychological measures at 0 and 4 weeks.Results: Study 1: The eight‐category and 20‐item value instruments correlated well (r = 0.85) and scores differed by just 2.7%. The eight‐category instrument showed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.85) and moderate one‐week test‐retest reliability (r = 0.68, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test p = 0.16, intra‐class correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.62). Study 2: Values for disability were not associated with disability severity or clinical status. After weighting disability by value, the resulting PI HAQ scores were significantly associated with dissatisfaction with disability, perceived increase in disability, poor clinical status and life dissatisfaction, and differed significantly between people with high and low clinical status (convergent and discriminant construct validity). There was moderate association with the disease repercussion profile disability subscale (r = 0.511; p < 0.001) (criterion validity). The PI HAQ was stable over four weeks (ICC 0.81).Conclusions: These studies provide an initial evaluation of an instrument to measure the personal impact of disability in people with OA, setting disability within a personal context. Further studies, including sensitivity to change, are required. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic coordination of production planning and sales admission control in the presence of a spot market
Authors: Feng Youyi , Pang Zhan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe consider the decision‐making problem of dynamically scheduling the production of a single make‐to stock (MTS) product in connection with the product's concurrent sales in a spot market and a long‐term supply channel. The spot market is run by a business to business (B2B) online exchange, whereas the long‐term channel is established by a structured contract. The product's price in the spot market is exogenous, evolves as a continuous time Markov chain, and affects demand, which arrives sequentially as a Markov‐modulated Poisson process (MMPP). The manufacturer is obliged to fulfill demand in the long‐term channel, but is able to rein in sales in the spot market. This is a significant strategic decision for a manufacturer in entering a favorable contract. The profitability of the contract must be evaluated by optimal performance. The current problem, therefore, arises as a prerequisite to exploring contracting strategies. We reveal that the optimal strategy of coordinating production and sales is structured by the spot price dependent on the base stock and sell‐down thresholds. Moreover, we can exploit the structural properties of the optimal strategy to conceive an efficient algorithm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Multistage methods for freight train classification
Authors: Jacob Riko , Márton Peter , Maue Jens , Nunkesser Marc 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this article, we study the train classification problem. Train classification basically is the process of rearranging the cars of a train in a specified order, which can be regarded as a special sorting problem. This sorting is done in a special railway installation called a classification yard, and a classification process is described by a classification schedule. In this article, we develop a novel encoding of classification schedules, which allows characterizing train classification methods simply as classes of schedules. Applying this efficient encoding, we achieve a simpler, more precise analysis of well‐known classification methods. Furthermore, we elaborate a valuable optimality condition inherent in our encoding, which we succesfully apply to obtain tight lower bounds for the length of schedules in general and to develop new classification methods. Finally, we present complexity results and algorithms to derive optimal schedules for several real‐world settings. Together, our theoretical results provide a solid foundation for improving train classification in practice. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
Line planning, path constrained network flow and inapproximability
Authors: Büsing Christina , Stiller Sebastian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe consider a basic subproblem which arises in line planning, and is of particular importance in the context of a high system load or robustness: How much can be routed maximally along all possible lines? The essence of this problem is the path constrained network flow (PCN) problem. We explore the complexity of this problem and its dual. In particular we show for the primal that it is as hard to approximate as MAX CLIQUE and for the dual that it is as hard to approximate as SET COVER. We also prove that the PCN problem is hard for special graph classes, interesting both from a complexity and from a practical perspective. Finally, we present a special graph class for which there is a polynomial‐time algorithm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
Post‐foundational development management—power, politics and complexity
Authors: Mowles Chris 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDevelopment management as a practice borrows extensively and uncritically from management theories developed in the private sector, which are based on ideas of predictability and control, and systemic ‘whole’ change. In contemporary management discourse, we are always rushing towards an idealised tomorrow. This article sets out an alternative theory of management, which the author calls post‐foundational management, drawing on concepts of emergence. This privileges the local and the contextual, and argues that generalised plans and strategies are always taken up in particular contexts with particular actors engaged in political contestation about how to go on together. The future, then, is always provisional, even if idealised and will arise from the interweaving of many intentions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiepileptic drugs and risk of suicide: a nationwide study
Authors: Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Hansen Peter Riis , Erdal Jesper , Abildstrøm Steen Zabell , Weeke Peter , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup , Poulsen Henrik Enghusen , Gislason Gunnar H 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPurposePatients with epilepsy or psychiatric diseases have increased risk of suicide, but whether the risk is influenced by antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment is unclear. Studies have suggested that AEDs in general increase the risk of suicidal behaviour shortly after initiation. This study investigated possible differences in suicide risk associated with different AEDs.MethodsThe use of AEDs in the Danish population from 1997 to 2006 was determined by prescription claims. The risk of suicide associated with use of AEDs was estimated by case‐crossover analyses, where each case serves at its own control during different periods. For sensitivity, the risk of suicide was estimated by a time‐dependent Cox proportional‐hazard analysis in AED treatment‐naïve patients.ResultsThere were 6780 cases committing suicide in the 10‐year study period, of which 422 received AED treatment at the time of suicide. The case‐crossover analysis estimated AED treatment initiation to increase the risk of suicide (odds ratio (OR): 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–2.49). Clonazepam (OR: 2.01, CI: 1.25–3.25), valproate (OR: 2.08, CI: 1.04–4.16), lamotrigine (OR: 3.15, CI: 1.35–7.34) and phenobarbital (OR: 1.96, CI: 1.02–3.75) were associated with a significant increased risk, while the remaining examined AEDs did not significantly influence the risk. In the cohort comprising of 169 725 AED treatment‐naïve patients, the Cox proportional‐hazard analysis yielded similar results.ConclusionsThis study suggests that clonazepam, valproate, lamotrigine and phenobarbital relatively shortly after treatment initiation may increase the risk of suicide. The increased risk of suicide associated with these AEDs appears to be a consistent finding. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open problems in string cosmology
Authors: Toumbas N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSome of the open problems in string cosmology are highlighted within the context of the recently constructed thermal and quantum superstring cosmological solutions. Emphasis is given on the high temperature cosmological regime, where it is argued that thermal string vacua in the presence of gravito‐magnetic fluxes can be used to bypass the Hagedorn instabilities of string gas cosmology. This article is based on a talk given at the workshop on “Cosmology and Strings”, Corfu, September 6–13, 2009.
Neutrino properties from E6 × SO(3) × Z(2)
Authors: Stech B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe group E6 for grand unification is combined with the generation symmetry group SO(3)g × Z(2). The coupling matrices in the Yukawa interaction are identified with the vacuum expectation values of scalar flavons. The symmetric part of this 3 × 3 coupling matrix can be identified with the known up‐quark hierarchy. The antisymmetric part is responsible for fermion mixings and CP violation. Numerical fits with only few parameters reproduce quantitatively all known fermion properties. The model predicts an inverted neutrino hierarchy, CP violation properties as well as the 0 ν 2 β decay parameter. It also predicts that the masses of the two lightest of six ‘right handed’ neutrinos lie in the low TeV region.
Orientifolds of N = 2 gauged linear sigma models
Authors: Brunner I. , Herbst M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe study B‐type parities in the framework of the linear sigma model. Geometrically, B‐type parities correspond to parity reversal combined with a holomorphic involution. The linear sigma model provides a framework to investigate such orientifolds away from the geometric regime.
Drugs in type 2 diabetes: their properties and recommended use
Authors: Campbell Ian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThere are now six classes of oral antidiabetic drugs and a new class of injectable GLP‐1 agonists in the drug therapy of type 2 diabetes, with metformin remaining the cornerstone of treatment. Our Drug review considers their mode of action, properties and recommended use, followed by sources of further information and an analysis of prescription data. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd