bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of copper surface toxicity in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella involves immediate membrane depolarization followed by slower rate of DNA destruction which differs from that observed for Gram‐positive bacteria
Authors: Warnes S. L. , Caves V. , Keevil C. W. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryWe have reported previously that copper I and II ionic species, and superoxide but not Fenton reaction generated hydroxyl radicals, are important in the killing mechanism of pathogenic enterococci on copper surfaces. In this new work we determined if the mechanism was the same in non‐pathogenic ancestral (K12) and laboratory (DH5α) strains, and a pathogenic strain (O157), of Escherichia coli. The pathogenic strain exhibited prolonged survival on stainless steel surfaces compared with the other E. coli strains but all died within 10 min on copper surfaces using a ‘dry’ inoculum protocol (with approximately 107 cfu cm−2) to mimic dry touch contamination. We observed immediate cytoplasmic membrane depolarization, not seen with enterococci or methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and loss of outer membrane integrity, inhibition of respiration and in situ generation of reactive oxygen species on copper and copper alloy surfaces that did not occur on stainless steel. Chelation of copper (I) and (II) ionic species still had the most significant impact on bacterial survival but protection by d‐mannitol suggests hydroxyl radicals are involved in the killing mechanism. We also observed a much slower rate of DNA destruction on copper surfaces compared with previous results for enterococci. This may be due to protection of the nucleic acid by the periplasm and the extensive cell aggregation that we observed on copper surfaces. Similar results were obtained for Salmonella species but partial quenching by d‐mannitol suggests radicals other than hydroxyl may be involved. The results indicate that copper biocidal surfaces are effective for Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria but bacterial morphology affects the mechanism of toxicity. These surfaces could not only help to prevent infection spread but also prevent horizontal gene transmission which is responsible for the evolution of virulent toxin producing and antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Is whole colonic imaging necessary for symptoms of change in bowel habit and/or rectal bleeding?
Authors: Badiani S. , Desai A. , Chapman M. A. S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim  Following the introduction of a 2‐week‐wait (2ww) cancer pathway, many units are triaging patients with change in bowel habit (CIBH) and/or rectal bleeding (RB) straight to colonoscopy. Evidence suggests that right‐sided colonic cancer does not present with these symptoms, hence imaging the left colon only is satisfactory. If this were substantiated, patients could be offered a flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) alone. This study aimed to review presenting symptoms of patients diagnosed with a right‐sided colonic malignancy and assess whether their tumours would be missed based on this practice.Method  This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent curative resection for a proximal colonic malignancy over a 4‐year period. Two‐week‐wait referral proforma and case notes were analysed for mode of presentation.Results  Of 206 elective right hemicolectomies performed, 20/206 (9.7%) patients presented in the absence of either iron deficiency anaemia or palpable abdominal mass. Twelve patients had polyposis identified in the left colon and eight patients had no left‐sided colonic pathology. One patient had a strong family history of colon cancer (two first‐degree relatives) in the group absent of left‐sided pathology.Conclusion  Twelve patients who had left‐sided polyposis and one patient with a strong family history would have undergone whole colonic imaging based on current colorectal cancer management guidelines. The remaining seven patients with right‐sided cancer would have been missed if FS were the only investigation used. Patients presenting on the 2ww with symptoms of a CIBH and/or RB can be adequately investigated with a FS with a 3% chance of missing a proximal cancer.
Short‐term results for laparoscopic ventral rectopexy using biological mesh for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Wahed S. , Ahmad M. , Mohiuddin K. , Katory M. , Mercer‐Jones M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim There is growing evidence that laparoscopic ventral rectopexy (LVR) is an effective treatment for pelvic organ prolapse and obstructive defaecation caused by rectocele. LVR is usually performed using synthetic mesh despite concerns about mesh erosion. We present our experience of using a porcine dermal collagen mesh (Permacol™) for LVR, which is the largest such case series to date.Method Data on 65 patients were collected prospectively from May 2008 to October 2010. Outcome measures were complications, recurrence, length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, Wexner constipation score and Wexner incontinence score. Preoperative and postoperative scores were compared using the two‐tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results There were statistically significant improvements in the Wexner constipation scores at 6 months and 1 year (bothP < 0.0001) and in faecal incontinence scores at 6 months (P < 0.0001) and 1 year (P = 0.0002). There were no cases of mesh erosion or mesh‐related infection in our series. Recurrence of symptoms occurred in two patients (3.1%). Symptoms were rated as much better or better by 93% of patients at 6 months and this was sustained at 1 year (96%).Conclusion In the short term, LVR using biological mesh is safe and as effective as synthetic mesh, with high patient satisfaction. Constipation and faecal incontinence scores were both improved.
Length of stay after laparoscopic colonic surgery – an 11‐year nationwide Danish survey
Authors: Kehlet H. , Harling H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim  The use of laparoscopic colonic surgery in Denmark was analysed with particular reference to the length of stay.Method  Data were obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry to assess duration of hospital stay after laparoscopic colonic surgery in Denmark within the 11‐year period from 2000 to 2010.Results  There were 4582 laparoscopic colonic resections performed, reaching about 1000 operations/year in the last 2 years (2009–2010). Length of stay decreased from a median of 7 to 4 days, while mean length of stay only decreased from 9 to 7 days.Conclusion  The use of laparoscopic colonic resection has increased in Denmark over the last 11 years and with a concomitant decrease in postoperative length of stay. However, there is a need for further improvement by combining the laparoscopic technique with fast‐track recovery.
The process and outcomes of a nurse‐led colorectal cancer follow‐up clinic
Authors: McFarlane K. , Dixon L. , Wakeman C. J. , Robertson G. M. , Eglinton T. W. , Frizelle F. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim  Evidence suggests that follow‐up after colorectal cancer improves survival. Colorectal cancer is so common that patient follow‐up can overwhelm a service, affecting the ability to see new referrals and reassess patients seen previously who have new symptoms. In order to cope with this demand a nurse‐led follow‐up service was started in 2004. We aimed to review the results of a nurse‐led colorectal cancer follow‐up clinic.Method  Between 1 December 2004 and 31 January 2011, patients who underwent resection for colorectal cancer were followed up by a nurse specialist according to a protocol determined by the colorectal surgeons in the unit. All patient details were recorded prospectively in a purpose designed database.Results  Nine hundred and fifty patients were followed up over 7 years. Some 368 patients were discharged from the follow‐up programme, 474 patients remain actively involved in the programme and 108 patients died. Of the patients discharged from the follow‐up scheme 269 (73%) were discharged to their general practitioner free of disease after 5 years. Of the 108 who patients died, 98 were as a result of colorectal cancer. Twenty patients (2.1%) were identified with local (peri‐anastomotic) disease recurrence and 93 patients (9.8%) were found to have developed distant metastatic disease. Of these, 65 patients (6.8%) were referred for palliative care and 28 (2.9%) had surgery for focal metastatic disease of whom 18 were still alive at the time of this analysis.Conclusion  This paper shows that a nurse‐led clinic for colorectal cancer follow‐up can achieve satisfactory results with detection rates of recurrent or metastatic disease comparable to consultant follow‐up. A nurse‐led clinic provides the benefits of follow‐up without overwhelming the consultant colorectal surgical clinic practice.
Laparoscopic surgery for complicated diverticular disease: a single‐centre experience
Authors: Royds J. , O’Riordan J. M. , Eguare E. , O’Riordan D. , Neary P. C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim  The role of laparoscopic surgery in the management of patients with diverticular disease is still not universally accepted. The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopic surgery for diverticular disease in a centre with a specialist interest in minimally invasive surgery.Method  All diverticular resections carried out between 2006 and 2010 were reviewed. Data recorded included baseline demographics, indication for surgery, operative details, length of hospital stay and complications. Complicated diverticular disease was defined as diverticulitis with associated abscess, phlegmon, fistula, stricture, obstruction, bleeding or perforation.Results  One hundred and two patients (58 men) who had surgery for diverticular disease were identified (median age 59 years, range 49–70 years). Sixty‐four patients (64%) had surgery for complicated diverticular disease. The indications were recurrent acute diverticulitis (37%), colovesical fistula (21%), stricture formation (17%) and colonic perforation (16%). Sixty‐nine cases (88%) were completed by elective laparoscopy. Postoperative mortality was 0%. For elective cases there was no difference in morbidity rates between patients with complicated and uncomplicated diverticular disease. The overall anastomotic leakage rate was 1% and the wound infection rate 7%. There was a nonsignificant trend to higher conversion to open surgery in the elective group in complicated (11.4%) compared with uncomplicated patients (5.2%) (P = 0.67). Electively, the rate of stoma formation was higher in the complicated (31.6%) than the uncomplicated group (5.2%) (P < 0.02).Conclusion  Laparoscopic surgery for both complicated and uncomplicated diverticular disease is associated with low rates of postoperative morbidity and relatively low conversion rates. Laparoscopic surgery is now the standard of care for complicated and uncomplicated diverticular disease in our institution.
Autophagy as the cell survival in response to a microsporidian infection of the midgut epithelium of Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae)
Authors: Rost‐Roszkowska Magdalena M. , Poprawa Izabela , Kaczmarek Łukasz 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe midgut epithelial cells of many invertebrates may possess microorganisms which act as symbionts or pathogens (bacteria, microsporidia, viruses). During our previous studies on Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer Thulin, 1928 (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada), which examined alterations of the midgut epithelium during oogenesis, we found that some of the specimens were infected with microsporidia. All stages of pathogens occurred in the cytoplasm of the digestive cells in the midgut epithelium of I. g. granulifer that were infected with microsporidia: meronts, sporonts, sporoblasts, and spores. The cytoplasm of the digestive cells was rich in mitochondria, cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and Golgi complexes. Autophagy in the digestive cells of the dorsal midgut was much more intensive in comparison with noninfected specimens. Membranes of phagophores surrounded the pathogens forming autophagosomes. These latter structures fused with lysosomes forming autolysosomes and residual bodies appeared. Neither glycogen granules nor droplets of varying electron density, which accumulated in digestive cells during vitellogenesis and choriogenesis, appeared in individuals with microsporidia. While the midgut epithelium in noninfected specimens takes part in vitellogenesis and choriogenesis, in infected specimens, midgut cells are involved in the process of autophagy as a survival strategy.
Predicting erectile function outcome in men after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer
Authors: Kilminster Shaun , Müller Stig , Menon Mani , Joseph Jean V. , Ralph David J. , Patel Hiten R.H. 
Published: December 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Over the last decade, the surgical treatment of prostate cancer has evolved towards minimal access surgery, particularly via a robot‐assisted technique. However, there is still debate regarding the true benefit for patients with respect to a functional outcome such as erectile function.The present prediction model provides a reliable estimation of the likelihood of regaining erectile function after prostatectomy.OBJECTIVE
To identify the reported rates of potency after prostatectomy in the recent literature for men without preoperative erectile dysfunction (ED) and to develop a statistical model for predicting the expected potency after prostatectomy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A Medline search was conducted with the keywords ‘potency’ and ‘prostatectomy’ from 2003 to 2009.
In total, 33 studies in the English language reporting pre‐ and postoperative erectile function were identified.
Data from studies reporting outcome after open, laparoscopic and robot‐assisted prostatectomy were analyzed separately.
Only data obtained from potent men before surgery were included in the analysis.
RESULTS
In potent men before surgery, the main predictors of post‐treatment erectile function are age and time after treatment.
The cumulative range of potency rates at 48 months for all ages (45–75 years) was 49–74% for open, 58–74% for laparoscopic and 60–100% for robotic prostatectomy.
The predicted outcome differs by type of operation and patient age.
CONCLUSIONS
Men aged <60 years have a significant likelihood of regaining erectile function after radical prostatectomy.
The reported statistical model provides a reliable estimation of erectile function outcome after prostatectomy for men with localized prostate cancer and intact erectile function.
Neurocognitive parameters should be incorporated in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 assessment of patients with alcohol use disorders
Authors: WALVOORT SERGE J. W. , WESTER ARIE J. , EGGER JOS I. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Treatment planning for alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients is often preceded by the assessment of psychopathology and personality with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 (MMPI‐2). However, during periods of abstinence, cognitive impairments (e.g. attention, memory and executive dysfunctions) related to neurological and somatic pathology may affect level and pattern of MMPI‐2 scale scores, resulting in clinical misinterpretation.Design and Methods. A re‐analysis of the data of the Egger et al. study is conducted in order to examine the clinical significance of the MMPI‐2 profiles of 222 AUD patients (mean age 42.2 ± 9.6 years; 76.6% men) by using neurologically relevant item correction procedures. Hierarchical cluster analyses of neurologically relevant item‐corrected solutions were compared to the original MMPI‐2 profile.Results. Impulsiveness and psychopathic deviation were identified as a common denominator.Discussion and Conclusions. Uncorrected MMPI‐2 assessment in AUD tends to overstress psychopathology and to overlook disinhibitory traits in early abstinence, caused by chronic alcoholism.[Walvoort SJW, Wester AJ, Egger JIM. Neurocognitive parameters should be incorporated in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 assessment of patients with alcohol use disorders. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:550–557]
Just caring
Authors: Hussey Trevor 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSocial justice is concerned with fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of living together in society. Regarding nursing care, social justice is concerned with who should receive its benefits, how much they should receive, and who should take up the burden of providing and paying for it. A specific thesis is offered: ‘Health care, including nursing care, should be distributed on the basis of need, free at the point of use, the cost being born by the community involved.’ This thesis is shown to be incompatible with consequentialist (utilitarian) and libertarian approaches to social justice, but reasons are given for rejecting these theories. It is shown that it may be compatible with Rawl's liberal theory of justice and definitely compatible with a version of the teleological (Aristotelian) theory. The thesis is then defended against criticisms concerned with desert and responsibility: that the provident ought not to pay for the improvident, and that those who are responsible for their health do not deserve free care. There are answered by an epistemological argument concerning what we need to know before we can decide what people deserve, and an argument about social cohesion. The conclusion is that the thesis can be offered as a moral principle for a fair society.
Slaves immersed in a liberal ideology
Authors: Daly Leslie Kim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractParadigm debates have been featured in the nursing literature for over four decades. There are at least two opposing paradigms specific to nursing that have remained central in these debates. Advocates of the unitary perspective (or simultaneity paradigm) consider their theories to be more philosophically advanced and contemporary alternatives when compared to the older more traditional ideas characteristic of models they describe as originating from the totality paradigm. In the context of these debates, I focus on some theoretical positions embedded in the unitary perspective, noting their limitations with respect to integrating the individual and social mandates of nursing; nurses are responsible not only for individual health‐related needs, but also for the health of the collective. I explore two hypotheses that may explain the powers of endurance of the unitary perspective. Paley, who outlines the origins of nurses' ‘slave morality’, inspires the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis speaks to the location of nursing knowledge development in the context of liberal ideology. In this work, I outline key conceptualizations of the unitary perspective in order to clearly illustrate the limitations of the unitary perspective for nurses' social mandate. Then, I explore how slave morality and liberal ideological assumptions might both work to sustain the unitary perspective. A paradigm for nursing must have utility in addressing both the health‐related needs of individuals, and for addressing the health of the collective. To this end, I advance suggestions in three areas: first, to transform nurses' slave morality to more honest and noble aspirations; second, to examine liberal ideological premises; and third, to end paradigm debate by resituating elements of the unitary perspective to the level of mid‐range theory, where it could be most effective for research and practice with specific populations.
Responses by Australian auditors to the global financial crisis
Authors: Xu Yang , Carson Elizabeth , Fargher Neil , Jiang Liwei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe examine the impact of the global financial crisis (GFC) on auditor behaviour in Australia. Using a sample of listed companies, we examine whether the GFC impacted the propensity of auditors to issue going concern modifications and increased audit effort as reflected in audit fees and audit reporting lag. Controlling for client characteristics, we find an increase in the propensity to issue going concern opinions during the period 2008–2009 compared with the period 2005–2007 and that Big N auditors responded to the GFC earlier than non‐Big N auditors. In relation to audit effort, we find evidence of increased audit fees during the period 2008–2009 compared with the period 2005–2007. There is, however, no evidence of increased audit reporting lags during the GFC.
TransgenicPm3multilines of wheat show increased powdery mildew resistance in the field
Authors: Brunner Susanne , Stirnweis Daniel , Diaz Quijano Carolina , Buesing Gabriele , Herren Gerhard , Parlange Francis , Barret Pierre , Tassy Caroline , Sautter Christof , Winzeler Michael , Keller Beat 
Published: December 2011

SummaryResistance (R) genes protect plants very effectively from disease, but many of them are rapidly overcome when present in widely grown cultivars. To overcome this lack of durability, strategies that increase host resistance diversity have been proposed. Among them is the use of multilines composed of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) containing different disease resistance genes. In contrast to classicalR‐gene introgression by recurrent backcrossing, a transgenic approach allows the development of lines with identical genetic background, differing only in a singleRgene. We have used alleles of the resistance locusPm3in wheat, conferring race‐specific resistance to wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminisf. sp.tritici), to develop transgenic wheat lines overexpressingPm3a,Pm3c,Pm3d,Pm3forPm3g.In field experiments, all tested transgenic lines were significantly more resistant than their respective nontransformed sister lines. The resistance level of the transgenicPm3lines was determined mainly by the frequency of virulence to the particularPm3allele in the powdery mildew population,Pm3expression levels and most likely also allele‐specific properties. We created six two‐way multilines by mixing seeds of the parental line Bobwhite and transgenicPm3a,Pm3bandPm3dlines. ThePm3multilines were more resistant than their components when tested in the field. This demonstrates that the difference in a singleRgene is sufficient to cause host‐diversity effects and that multilines of transgenicPm3wheat lines represent a promising strategy for an effective and sustainable use ofPm3alleles.
Deception detection from written accounts
Authors: MASIP JAUME , BETHENCOURT MARÍA , LUCAS GUADALUPE , SEGUNDO MIRIAM SÁNCHEZ‐SAN , HERRERO CARMEN 
Published: December 2011

Masip, J., Bethencourt, M., Lucas, G., Sánchez‐San Segundo, M. & Herrero, C. (2012). Deception detection from written accounts. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 103–111.Most research into deception detection in written accounts has been conducted on transcripts instead of written messages, and has focused on identifying valid verbal deception correlates instead of also examining untrained readers’ spontaneous lie‐detection attempts (accuracy rates, the cues they use, and so on). Also, the question of whether good liars are also good detectors has not been examined using written accounts. In Study 1, 78 participants handwrote a story and then judged the veracity of another participant’s story. Accuracy was at chance level. Good liars were not better detectors than poor liars, but participants who thought they were good liars also thought they were good detectors. The higher the participants’ fluidity scores on a standardized test, the poorer liars they were and the better liars they thought they were. The cues participants said they used were related to their judgments but unrelated to actual veracity. In Study 2, some Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) categories (with the Spanish‐language dictionary) permitted a 68% classification rate of the written accounts of Study 1.