bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of ultrasound‐assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction and high performance liquid chromatography for the sensitive determination of benzoylureas pesticides in environmental water samples
Authors: Zhou Qingxiang , Zhang Xiaoguo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a new method for rapid and sensitive determination of diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, triflumuron and chlorfluazuron in water samples by ultrasound‐assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction in combination with HPLC. Ionic liquid 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C6MIM][PF6]) was used as the extraction solvent for the enrichment of four benzoylurea (BU) pesticides. Factors such as volume of [C6MIM][PF6], sonication time, sample pH, extraction time, centrifuging time and salting‐out effect were systematically investigated. Under the optimum conditions, an excellent linear relationship was achieved in the range of 1.0–100 μg/L. The detection limits varied from 0.21 to 0.45 μg/L and the precision of the method was below 6.9% (RSD, n=6). The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of these BU pesticides in water samples and excellent spiked recoveries were achieved. All these results demonstrated that this procedure provided a new simple, rapid, easy to operate, efficient and sensitive method for the analysis of BU pesticides in aqueous samples.
Pre‐expanded pedicled thoracodorsal artery perforator flap for postburn axillary contracture reconstruction
Authors: Kulahci Yalcin , Sever Celalettin , Uygur Fatih , Oksuz Sinan , Sahin Cihan , Duman Haluk 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroduction:The axillary region is one of the sites most frequently affected by postburn contractures. In this clinical study, we used pre‐expanded pedicled thoracodorsal artery (TDA) perforator flaps for release of postburn contracture of the axillary region.Patient and methods:Five patients with severe axillary burn contractures were reconstructed with six pre‐expanded pedicled TDA perforator flaps between 2008 and 2010. All were men ranging in age from 20 to 26 years (mean, 22 years). Mean time of follow‐up was 12 months. Flap and donor site complications, preoperative, and postoperative range of motion of axillary joint were evaluated.Results:All flaps survived without significant complications. Partial flap necrosis was seen in only one flap. Minimal transient venous congestion occurred in one flap during the early postoperative period. A complete range of motion at the axillary joint was achieved in all patients by the end of the reconstruction period. The donor sites were closed primarily with linear scars in all cases.Conclusion:The pre‐expanded pedicled TDA perforator flap is a suitable alternative for coverage of the axillary defects after the release of the burn contractures. A pliable texture and large size flap can be obtained to transfer to the axillary area and the donor site scar is considered as cosmetically acceptable. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Trauma Symptoms of Individuals with Mental Illness at Risk for Homelessness Participating in a Life Skills Intervention
Authors: Helfrich Christine A. , Peters Christine Y. , Chan Dara V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study investigated 1) trauma symptom changes following the implementation of a life skills intervention; 2) the relationship between demographic characteristics, cognitive functioning, life skill knowledge and changes in trauma symptoms; and 3) predictive factors of trauma symptoms during housing transitions. Participants (N = 72) enrolled in intervention modules to increase residential stability (room and self‐care, money management, nutrition management or safe community participation), completed the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised, ACLS‐2000 and a Practical Skills Test at baseline, post‐intervention and 3 and 6 months later to examine differences in trauma symptoms and treatment outcomes. Trauma symptoms were highest at baseline and decreased significantly for most participants over time. For a subgroup of females experiencing abuse and individuals who were homeless less than 1 year, there was an increase in symptoms at 3 months post‐intervention (highest rate of housing transition). This small convenience sample represents a limited geographic area. Replication of the study with larger groups for generalization, and further investigation into the specific impact of symptoms on function were recommended for future research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of fixation on brain and lymphoreticular vCJD prions and bioassay of key positive specimens from a retrospective vCJD prevalence study
Authors: Wadsworth Jonathan DF , Dalmau‐Mena Inmaculada , Joiner Susan , Linehan Jacqueline M , O'Malley Catherine , Powell Caroline , Brandner Sebastian , Asante Emmanuel A , Ironside James W , Hilton David A , Collinge John 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAnonymous screening of lymphoreticular tissues removed during routine surgery has been applied to estimate the UK population prevalence of asymptomatic vCJD prion infection. The retrospective study of Hilton et al(J Pathol 2004; 203: 733–739) found accumulation of abnormal prion protein in three formalin‐fixed appendix specimens. This led to an estimated UK prevalence of vCJD infection of ∼1 in 4000, which remains the key evidence supporting current risk reduction measures to reduce iatrogenic transmission of vCJD prions in the UK. Confirmatory testing of these positives has been hampered by the inability to perform immunoblotting of formalin‐fixed tissue. Animal transmission studies offer the potential for ‘gold standard’ confirmatory testing but are limited by both transmission barrier effects and known effects of fixation on scrapie prion titre in experimental models. Here we report the effects of fixation on brain and lymphoreticular human vCJD prions and comparative bioassay of two of the three prevalence study formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) appendix specimens using transgenic mice expressing human prion protein (PrP). While transgenic mice expressing human PrP 129M readily reported vCJD prion infection after inoculation with frozen vCJD brain or appendix, and also FFPE vCJD brain, no infectivity was detected in FFPE vCJD spleen. No prion transmission was observed from either of the FFPE appendix specimens. The absence of detectable infectivity in fixed, known positive vCJD lymphoreticular tissue precludes interpreting negative transmissions from vCJD prevalence study appendix specimens. In this context, the Hilton et al study should continue to inform risk assessment pending the outcome of larger‐scale studies on discarded surgical tissues and autopsy samples. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuning the size of supramolecular single‐chain polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Foster E. Johan , Berda Erik B. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article we further investigate our recently devised method for folding polymer chains into nanoparticles using intramolecular, supramolecular interactions. Specifically, we show a direct relationship between molecular weight of the parent chain and size of the folded nanoparticle. This is investigated both analytically via the separation and subsequent characterization of a polydisperse nanoparticle sample into high and low molecular weight fractions, and by examining a family of poly(norbornenes) deliberately prepared with varying molecular weights. With these polymer nanoparticles in hand their assembly on surfaces is studied where larger structures are formed as a result of the interplay between the movement of the nanoparticles on the surface and the evaporation of solvent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Opening the psychological black box in genetic counseling. The psychological impact of DNA testing is predicted by the counselees' perception, the medical impact by the pathogenic or uninformative BRCA1/2‐result
Authors: Vos Joël , Gómez‐García Encarna , Oosterwijk Jan C. , Menko Fred H. , Stoel Reinoud D. , van Asperen Christi J. , Jansen Anna M. , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Tibben Aad 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground: It has been hypothesized that the Outcomes of DNA testing (O) are better predicted and/or mediated by the counselees' Perception P) than by the actually communicated genetic Information (I). In this study, we aimed at quantifying the effect that perception has in genetic counseling for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer.Methods: Two hundred and four women, who had previously been tested for BRCA1/2, participated in a retrospective questionnaire study; 93% had cancer. Communicated Information (I) consisted of cancer risks and BRCA1/2 test result category: unclassified variant (n = 76), uninformative (n = 76), pathogenic mutation (n = 51). Four perception variables (P) were included: the counselees' recollections and interpretations of both the cancer risks and the likelihood that the cancer in their family is heritable. The Outcome variables (O) included life changes, counselees' medical decisions, BRCA‐related self‐concept, current psychological well‐being, and quality‐of‐life. Bootstrap mediation analyses determined whether relationships were direct (I→O or P→O) or indirect through the mediation of perception (I→P→O).Results: The actually communicated pathogenic mutation and uninformative result directly predicted medical decisions (I→O), i.e. intended and performed surgery of breasts/ovaries. All other outcomes were only directly predicted by the counselees' perception (recollection and interpretation) of their cancer risks and heredity likelihood (P→O), or this perception mediated the outcome (I→P→O). However, this perception was significantly different from the actually communicated cancer risks (I→P). Unclassified variants were inaccurately perceived (mostly overestimated); this misperception predicted both psychological outcomes and radical medical decisions.Discussion: Genetic counselors need to explicitly address the counselee's interpretations and intended medical decisions. In case of misinterpretations, additional counseling might be offered. Communication of unclassified variants needs special attention given the pitfall of overestimation of risk. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distances between couples and the man's and woman's parents
Authors: Blaauboer Marjolein , Mulder Clara H. , Zorlu Aslan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing data from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study, we investigate the influence of characteristics of the male and female partner in couples and their parents on the distance between the residential location of the couple and of both partners' parents. We find that couples live closer to the man's parents than to the woman's parents. We conclude that the socio‐economic position of the man is more dominant in the location choice of couples than that of the woman, but that when the couple has young children, the family ties of the woman seem to gain importance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ca3 − xBixCo4O9 and Ca1 − ySmyMnO3 thermoelectric materials and their power‐generation devices
Authors: Su Huangming , Jiang Yang , Lan Xinzheng , Liu Xinmei , Zhong Honghai , Yu Dabin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe p‐type Ca3 − xBixCo4O9 (p‐Co349/Bix) and n‐type Ca1 − ySmyMnO3 (n‐Mn113/Smy) oxide thermoelectric (TE) materials were synthesized by the self‐ignition method and consolidated by a sintering technique. The effects of Bi and Sm dopant partial substitution on TE properties were investigated. At 973 K, the figures of merit, ZT, for p‐Co349/Bi0.3 and n‐Mn113/Sm0.02 materials are 0.27 and 0.15, respectively. In addition, TE devices containing two pairs of p‐Co349/Bi0.3 and n‐Mn113/Sm0.02 were fabricated. The technology parameters involved in the fabricating process, including the electrical contact, mechanical connection, and high‐temperature durability, were discussed and optimized. The performance of the devices was evaluated in terms of contact resistance, maximum output power, and manufacturing factor (MF). The Pmax and volume power density for the four legs devices reached 51.4 mW and 127.6 mW cm−3 for a ΔT of 525 K, while the contact resistance of 0.21 Ω and a high MF of 66.3% were obtained. Little fluctuant in open‐circuit voltage (V0) and internal resistance (Rin) were observed after six‐time thermocycling tests, implying a high‐temperature durability.
Physical properties of single‐crystalline magnetic intermetallic compounds
Authors: Liu E. K. , Zhu W. , Chen J. L. , Wu G. H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSingle crystals on a macroscopic scale exhibit microscopic periodicity on an atomic level, which enables us to investigate their intrinsic physical properties and to optimize their functional properties. We have grown various kinds of magnetic single crystals of intermetallic compounds for fundamental research and for applications. In this, much effort has been focused on the growth conditions to satisfy the different requirements, especially for crystals that are hard to grow. In this paper, we review some selected results on various single crystals grown in our institute and illustrate the importance of single‐crystal growth for research and application. Several intrinsic magnetic properties, including magnetocrystallographic anisotropy, spin reorientations, and magnetostriction have been investigated in detail on single crystals of rare‐earth intermetallic compounds. The internal stress induced in crystals of magnetic shape‐memory alloys is utilized to reorient the martensitic microstructure for maximizing the output strain. Combining the self‐flux method with magnetic elevating Czochraski cold‐crucible growth technology, a deeply undercooled environment was achieved to enable (Tb,Dy)Fe2 single crystals to be grown. Some research works on crystal growth, such as solidifying theories, growth dynamics, and phase diagrams, are also discussed.
Electronegativity‐related bulk moduli of crystal materials
Authors: Li Keyan , Ding Zhongsheng , Xue Dongfeng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractElectronegativity (EN) can be used to estimate the bulk modulus of different types of crystal materials on the basis of a newly proposed bulk modulus model. The bulk moduli of ANB8−N and AmBn type compounds, spinel‐ and chalcopyrite‐structured compounds as well as polymorphic ABO4 compounds are calculated and the results agree well with the experimental values. Upon the concept of EN, bond modulus and effective ionicity are introduced to describe the resisting ability of a chemical bond to compression, which is the origin of the bulk modulus of crystals. The current work allows us to rationally design crystal materials with high bulk modulus on the basis of their element compositions, e.g. the suitable option of EN shown in this work.
Antidiabetic complications and anti‐alzheimer activities of sophoflavescenol, a prenylated flavonol from Sophora flavescens, and its structure–activity relationship
Authors: Jung Hyun Ah , Jin Seong Eun , Park Jun‐Seong , Choi Jae Sue 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt was previously reported that prenylated flavonols from Sophora flavescens are inhibitors of rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR), human recombinant aldose reductase (HRAR), advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), β‐secretase (BACE1) and cholinesterases (ChE). Based upon structure–activity relationships, 3,4′‐dihydroxy flavonols with a prenyl or lavandulyl group substitution at the C‐8 position, and a hydroxy group at the C‐5, are important for such inhibition. In our ongoing study to isolate active principles from S. flavescens by an activity‐guided isolation procedure, further detailed phytochemical investigations of the CH2Cl2 fraction were conducted via repeated chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH‐20 columns. This ultimately resulted in the isolation of a promising active sophoflavescenol with higher inhibitory activities among the current prenylated flavonols isolated from S. flavescens against RLAR, HRAR, AGE, BACE1 and ChEs. The results further support that 3,4′‐dihydroxy flavonols with a prenyl or lavandulyl substitution at the C‐8 position and a methoxy group at C‐5 represent a new class of RLAR, HRAR and AGE inhibitors. Nevertheless, the C‐5 hydroxyl group of prenylated flavonoids is important for inhibition of BACE1 and ChEs, indicating that the hydroxyl group at C‐5 might be the main contributor to the augmentation and/or modification of prenylated flavonol activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An alternative frame‐shear wall model: continuum formulation
Authors: Kazaz İlker , Gülkan Polat 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThe basic assumption of the analysis of wall‐frame structures is that two dissimilar structural systems, deforming in shear and flexural modes, are constrained to act together. The same set of boundary conditions is also assumed to be applicable to both types of components. An inconsistency arises when the rotation at the lower end of the combined beam is assumed to be zero because this boundary condition is applicable only to the flexural component of deformation. For the shear component that is related to the slope of the elastic curve to calculate the force, this assumption results in zero base shear force. In this study, a modified theory is developed on the premise that a frame‐wall system can be separated into two substructures that lie above and below the point of counter‐flexure in the base story columns. Except for a modification to include the effects of link beams, the generalized continuum approach is employed to derive the governing differential equation of the upper substructure. The bottom substructure is used to transmit the applied base boundary conditions to the continuum model, thus allowing a more accurate shear force calculation for each of the components. Comparisons of results calculated from this artifice with other formulations prove the superiority of the proposed improvement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Four New Compounds Based on Terephthalate and 2‐(4‐Pyridyl)benzimidazole Ligands
Authors: Xia Chang‐Kun , Wu Yun‐Long , Xie Ji‐Min 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFour new compounds based on H2BDC and PyBIm [H2BDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylatic acid, PyBIm = 2‐(4‐pyridyl)benzimidazole], (PyBIm)(H2BDC)0.5 (1), Co(PyBIm)2(HBDC)(BDC)0.5 (2), Ni(PyBIm)2(HBDC)(BDC)0.5 (3), and Zn(BDC)(PyBIm)·H2O (4), were synthesized by hydrothermal methods and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 contains two types of hydrogen bonding N–H···N and O–H···N, which connect the molecules into a two‐dimensional (2D) layer. Complex 2 crystallizes isostructural to 3 in triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$, in 1D chains. The hydrogen‐bonding interactions between uncoordinated N, N–H and COOH groups in 2 connect the 1D chains into a 2D layer. Complex 4 displays a 1D structure, which is finally extended to a 3D supramolecular framework by hydrogen bonding and π–π packing interactions. The magnetic properties of compounds 2 and 3 were studied as well.
Enhancing adaptivity via standard dynamic scheduling middleware
Authors: Gill Christopher , Mgeta Louis , Zhang Yuanfang , Torri Stephen , Krishnamurthy Yamuna , Pyarali Irfan , Schmidt Douglas C. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This paper makes three contributions to research on QoS-enabled middleware for open distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems. First, it describes the design and implementation of a dynamic scheduling framework based on the OMG Real-Time CORBA 1.2 specification (RTC1.2) that provides capabilities for (1) propagating QoS parameters and a locus of execution across endsystems via a distributable thread abstraction and (2) enforcing the scheduling of multiple distributable threads dynamically using standard CORBA middleware. Second, it examines the results of empirical studies that show how adaptive dynamic scheduling and management of distributable threads can be enforced efficiently in standard middleware for open DRE systems. Third, it presents results from case studies of multiple adaptive middleware QoS management technologies to monitor and control the quality, timeliness, and criticality of key operations adaptively in a representative DRE avionics system.
A maximum uncertainty LDA-based approach for limited sample size problems — with application to face recognition
Authors: Thomaz Carlos Eduardo , Kitani Edson Caoru , Gillies Duncan Fyfe 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA critical issue of applying Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is both the singularity and instability of the within-class scatter matrix. In practice, particularly in image recognition applications such as face recognition, there are often a large number of pixels or pre-processed features available, but the total number of training patterns is limited and commonly less than the dimension of the feature space. In this study, a new LDA-based method is proposed. It is based on a straightforward stabilisation approach for the within-class scatter matrix. In order to evaluate its effectiveness, experiments on face recognition using the well-known ORL and FERET face databases were carried out and compared with other LDA-based methods. The classification results indicate that our method improves the LDA classification performance when the within-class scatter matrix is not only singular but also poorly estimated, with or without a Principal Component Analysis intermediate step and using less linear discriminant features. Since statistical discrimination methods are suitable not only for classification but also for characterisation of differences between groups of patterns, further experiments were carried out in order to extend the new LDA-based method to visually analyse the most discriminating hyper-plane separating two populations. The additional results based on frontal face images indicate that the new LDA-based mapping provides an intuitive interpretation of the two-group classification tasks performed, highlighting the group differences captured by the multivariate statistical approach proposed.
Behavioural specification of middleware systems
Authors: Rosa Nelson Souto , Freire Cunha Paulo Roberto 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe number of open specifications of middleware systems and middleware services is increasing. Despite their complexity, they are traditionally described through APIs (the operation signatures) and informal prose (the behaviour). This fact often leads to ambiguities, whilst making difficult a better understanding of what is actually described. In this paper, we adopt software architecture principles for structuring middleware specifications together with LOTOS for formalising their behaviour. The adoption of software architecture principles makes explicit structural aspects of the middleware. Meanwhile, the formalisation enables us to check behavioural properties of the middleware. In order to illustrate our approach, we present a LOTOS specification of the well-known object-oriented middleware CORBA..