bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in the study of the glymphatic system and aging
Authors: Xiong Ying , Yu Qingying , Zhi Haimei , Peng Huiyuan , Xie Mingjun , Li Renjun , Li Kejian , Ma Yuexiang , Sun Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe glymphatic system is cerebrospinal fluid–brain tissue fluid exchange flow mediated by aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) on the end feet of astrocytes for a system, which is capable of rapidly removing brain metabolites and thus maintaining brain homeostasis, and is known as the central immune system. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system causes accumulation of misfolded and highly phosphorylated proteins (amyloid‐β and Tau proteins), which destabilizes the proteins, and the body's neuroinflammatory factors are altered causing aging of the immune system and leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Damage to the glymphatic system and aging share common manifestations, as well as unstudied biological mechanisms that are also linked, such as mitochondria, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and sleep. In this paper, we first summarize the structure, function, and research methods of the glymphatic system and the relationship between the glymphatic system and the peripheral immune system, and second, sort out and summarize the factors of the glymphatic system in removing metabolites and resolving aging‐related diseases and factors affecting aging, to explore its related biological mechanisms, and moreover, to provide a new way of thinking for treating or intervening aging‐related diseases.
The selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor UW‐MD‐95 shows symptomatic and neuroprotective effects in a pharmacological mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Carles Allison , Hoffmann Matthias , Scheiner Matthias , Crouzier Lucie , Bertrand‐Gaday Christelle , Chatonnet Arnaud , Decker Michael , Maurice Tangui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating dementia characterized by extracellular amyloid‐β (Aβ) protein aggregates and intracellular tau protein deposition. Clinically available drugs mainly target acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and indirectly sustain cholinergic neuronal tonus. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) also controls acetylcholine (ACh) turnover and is involved in the formation of Aß aggregates and senile plaques. UW‐MD‐95 is a novel carbamate‐based compound acting as a potent pseudo‐irreversible BChE inhibitor, with high selectivity versus AChE, and showing promising protective potentials in AD.MethodsWe characterized the neuroprotective activity of UW‐MD‐95 in mice treated intracerebroventricularly with oligomerized Aβ25‐35 peptide using behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical approaches.ResultsWhen injected acutely 30 min before the behavioral tests (spontaneous alternation in the Y‐maze, object recognition, or passive avoidance), UW‐MD‐95 (0.3‐3 mg/kg) showed anti‐amnesic effects in Aβ25‐35‐treated mice. When injected once a day over 7 days, it prevented Aβ25‐35‐induced memory deficits. This effect was lost in BChE knockout mice. Moreover, the compound prevented Aβ25‐35‐induced oxidative stress (assessed by lipid peroxidation or cytochrome c release), neuroinflammation (IL‐6 and TNFα levels or GFAP and IBA1 immunoreactivity) in the hippocampus and cortex, and apoptosis (Bax level). Moreover, UW‐MD‐95 significantly reduced the increase in soluble Aβ1‐42 level in the hippocampus induced by Aβ25‐35.ConclusionUW‐MD‐95 appeared as a potent neuroprotective compound in the Aβ25‐35 model of AD, with potentially an impact on Aβ1‐42 accumulation that could suggest a novel mechanism of neuroprotection.
Scissor‐assisted vs. conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal lesions: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Veras Ayres da Silva Pedro Henrique , So Taa Kum Angelo , Logetto Caetité Gomes Igor , Miyajima Nelson Tomio , Moraes Bestetti Alexandre , Cadena Aguirre Diego Paul , Mansilla Gallegos Megui Marilia , Menezes Nascimento Filho Hiram , Gomes de Sousa Igor Valdeir , Marques Bernardo Wanderley , Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura Eduardo 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesColorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technically complex procedure. The scissor knife mechanism may potentially provide easier and safer colorectal ESD. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of scissor‐assisted vs. conventional ESD for colorectal lesions.MethodsA search strategy was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and Lilacs databases from January 1990 to November 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines. Fixed and random‐effects models were used for statistical analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 test. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS‐I and RoB‐2 tools. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.ResultsA total of five studies (three retrospective and two randomized controlled trials, including a total of 1575 colorectal ESD) were selected. The intraoperative perforation rate was statistically lower (risk difference [RD] −0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.04 to −0.01; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%) and the self‐completion rate was statistically higher (RD 0.14; 95% CI 0.06, 0.23; P = 0.0006; I2 = 0%) in the scissor‐assisted group compared with the conventional ESD group. There was no statistical difference in R0 resection rate, en bloc resection rate, mean procedure time, or delayed bleeding rate between the groups.ConclusionScissor knife‐assisted ESD is as effective as conventional knife‐assisted ESD for colorectal lesions with lower intraoperative perforation rate and a higher self‐completion rate.
Local knowledge as the basis of disaster management and humanitarian assistance
Authors: Hirono Miwa , Nurdin Muhammad Riza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent policy discourse on the localisation of disaster management and humanitarian assistance lacks attention to the culture, history, and traditions of the Global South. This special issue of Disasters argues that it is imperative to recognise the dynamic, interactive, contested, and negotiated nature of local knowledge. Such local knowledge saves lives by enabling responders to situate ad hoc, one‐off events such as disasters in the broader and deeper context of community relationships, thereby providing more appropriate and more effective aid. Through the cases of China, Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines, this special issue examines such dynamic local knowledge using an analytical framework consisting of three manifestations of local knowledge, namely: social capital; contextual historical memories; and adaptation to new ideas. These three manifestations show the ways in which local knowledge creates local capacity, via which local, national, and international disaster respondents can centre their response coordination, and in turn, demonstrate how local capacity reformulates local knowledge.
Drivers of international fiscal spillovers
Authors: Yilmazkuday Hakan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the drivers of international fiscal spillovers across 62 countries for the period covering 1970–2021. Using the local projections method at the country‐pair level, fiscal spillovers are estimated as the cumulative response of the real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in spillover destination countries to a unit shock in the real government spending growth in spillover source countries. Pairwise estimation results (for 3782 country pairs) suggest that there are statistically significant fiscal spillovers for 36% of country pairs, whereas this ratio is 49% for country pairs within the euro area. For the median country pair, a unit shock of real government spending growth in the spillover source country results in about 0.09% of the increase in the real GDP growth of the spillover destination country, whereas this fiscal‐spillover estimate goes up to 0.42% when the spillover source is in the euro area, and the spillover destination is an oil producing country. A secondary investigation based on the Heckman selection model is used to identify the drivers of fiscal spillovers across country pairs, where the existence of statistically significant fiscal spillovers is shown to be connected to the proximity between countries. The size of fiscal spillovers is further shown to increase with the initial (as of 1970) country size, trade openness, and government size of the spillover source country, whereas it decreases with the initial country size and trade openness of the spillover destination country. Important policy suggestions follow.
Ocean circulation contributes to genetic connectivity of limpet populations at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents in a back‐arc basin
Authors: Nakajima Yuichi , Nakamura Masako , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Ishibashi Jun‐ichiro , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor endemic benthos inhabiting hydrothermal vent fields, larval recruitment is critical for population maintenance and colonization via migration among separated sites. The vent‐endemic limpet, Lepetodrilus nux, is abundant at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough, a back‐arc basin in the northwestern Pacific; nonetheless, it is endangered due to deep‐sea mining. This species is associated with many other vent species and is an important successor in these vent ecosystems. However, limpet genetic diversity and connectivity among local populations have not yet been examined. We conducted a population genetics study of L. nux at five hydrothermal vent fields (maximum geographic distance, ~545 km; depths ~700 m to ~1650 m) using 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci previously developed. Genetic diversity has been maintained among these populations. Meanwhile, fine population genetic structure was detected between distant populations, even within this back‐arc basin, reflecting geographic distances between vent fields. There was a significant, positive correlation between genetic differentiation and geographic distance, but no correlation with depth. Contrary to dispersal patterns predicted by an ocean circulation model, genetic migration is not necessarily unidirectional, based on relative migration rates. While ocean circulation contributes to dispersal of L. nux among vent fields in the Okinawa Trough, genetic connectivity may be maintained by complex, bidirectional dispersal processes over multiple generations.
Predator biomass affects west–east shifts in Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) spawning ground use
Authors: Olsen Tora , Frøysa Håvard G. , Yaragina Natalia A. , Titelman Josefin , Durant Joel M. , Langangen Øystein 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpawning locations of migratory fish influence the environmental and oceanographic fate of eggs and larvae. However, we have an incomplete understanding of how and why realized spawning locations vary. We quantified the yearly variation in spawning location for Barents Sea capelin (Mallotus villosus) within the recognized spawning areas along the coast of northern Norway and Murman. Furthermore, we tested whether water temperature, sea ice cover, predation and capelin fisheries are associated with spawning locations. Estimated spatial variation in spawning longitude used data from Soviet‐Russian ichthyoplankton surveys from 1959 to 1993 and a bootstrap procedure. The mean spawning area along the coast was then calculated by combining larvae observations with backtracking a larvae drift model from potential spawning areas. We fitted a generalized additive model (GAM) to assess the effects of environmental conditions on these drift‐corrected spawning longitudes. Capelin's mean yearly spawning location varied substantially across the study period. An increase in immature cod biomass, a major predator of capelin, during the spawning migration period in winter and early spring corresponds to more eastward capelin spawning. The eastward shift in mean spawning longitude seems to reach an eastern limit at high immature cod biomass. Sea temperature, sea ice cover and capelin fisheries were not associated with mean capelin spawning longitude. We show that the realized spawning areas for capelin are related to cod biomass, potentially through cod predation depleting and/or acting as a migration barrier for mature capelin.
Serravallian–Tortonian (Miocene) folding in the Amakusa region, northern Ryukyu arc: Possible subduction resumption of the Philippine Sea Plate
Authors: Ushimaru Kentaro , Yamaji Atsushi , Ishikawa Naoto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEocene to Lower Miocene coal‐bearing formations in northern and western Kyushu, northern Ryukyu arc, are folded, and the horizontal compression has been attributed to the opening of the Japan Sea or to the significant movement along the Median Tectonic Line and its southwestern extension. However, the timing and implication of the folding are not well understood. To deal with these issues, we studied the Amakusa region where the folded Eocene strata with a total thickness of a few kilometers. Paleomagnetic directions of Middle Miocene intrusions and of Late Miocene lavas were measured in this study to apply the fold test to judge the relative timing of the folding and magmatism. As a result, the concentration of the directions was improved by the tilt‐correction, indicating the folding younger than the magmatism. Our detailed geological mapping revealed that the folding is older than a horizontally‐lying basaltic lava which yielded a K–Ar age of 6.8 Ma, because folded Eocene formations were truncated and unconformably blanketed by the lava. In addition, we found that some of the normal faults trending perpendicular to the folds were reactivated as transfer faults after the normal faulting which also postdated the magmatism. This reactivation is concordant with the above‐mentioned relative timing. Synthesizing geological data from surrounding regions, we conclude that the folding was probably contemporaneous with the Taiwan‐Shinji fold belt which grew in the Ryukyu and southwest Japan backarcs. Since the simultaneous compression affected not only these regions but also northeast Japan, the compression possibly resulted from the resumed subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate in the Serravallian–Tortonian time.
Nurses' Perspectives on the Proposed Seclusion Elimination in Mental Health Wards
Authors: Mubayiwa George C. , Joseph Bindu , Gilbert Julia , Olasoji Michael 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTManaging consumers with challenging behaviours by way of secluding them has been practiced for centuries. Many countries have attempted to eliminate seclusion but with very limited success. The Victorian government in Australia has embarked on a plan to stop seclusion within the coming 10 years. A qualitative research design using a purposive cluster sampling technique was utilised to understand nurses' perceptions on attempts to eliminate seclusions in acute wards. Semi‐structured interviews and a thematic analysis were used to reveal participants' perceptions. Analysis revealed six themes: personal views, staff skills/resources, safety concerns, stakeholders' influence, doubt about elimination and participants' recommendations. Participants were doubtful of seclusion elimination success if there were no major improvements in nurse security, infrastructure, funding and staffing. Further research is required to establish and develop effective alternatives to seclusion.
Evaluating Water Stress Adaptation in Cotton: Multivariate Analysis in F6–F7 Generations for Yield, Fibre Quality and Variety Selection
Authors: Gören Hatice Kübra , Canavar Öner , Tan Uğur 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe impact of drought stress on productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a well‐known challenge in agricultural production, and concurrently, the question of whether using the same or different selection criteria in well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions to select drought‐tolerant cotton varieties remains unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the single plant progeny lines within the F6 and F7 generations for determine response to DS and select the tolerant lines within the F7 generation. Single plant progeny rows were established, with the deficit water condition comprising 108 and 136 single plants for the F6 and F7 generations, respectively, and the WW condition consisting of 120 and 156 single plants for the F6 and F7 generations, respectively, with four blocks in Augmented experimental design. These progeny rows have length of 12 m, incorporate five control varieties (Karizma, Gloria, Carla, Candia and Claudia) to facilitate a comprehensive comparison. The study findings showed that fibre length, boll number and lint percentage were identified as the most crucial selection criteria under both WW and deficit irrigation conditions through principal component analysis. These indicators are highly beneficial for evaluating cotton's drought tolerance and screening potential drought‐tolerant lines under both irrigation scenarios. According to the decision tree analysis, FL and BN have emerged as the most critical decision‐making parameter in both irrigation conditions. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that each selection criterion has different impact in the comprehensive selection process. Also, as a result of all statistical analysis results and breeder observations, a total of 10 cotton lines were selected in the F7 generation. These selected genotypes hold promise for future cotton breeding programmes, providing an avenue to enhance drought tolerance and elevate cotton yield and productivity.Clinical Trial Registration: This study does not involve a clinical trial, and therefore, clinical trial registration is not applicable.
Positioning the surgical patient – roles, responsibilities and challenges. A qualitative study
Authors: Wevling Astrid , Linqvist Leonardsen Ann‐Chatrin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim was to explore how representatives from the different professions in the surgical team experience roles, responsibilities and challenges in positioning the surgical patient.BackgroundAppropriate patient positioning on the operating table during surgery is vital for optimal anatomical exposure, access to essential equipment, patient comfort and to minimize the risk of injuries. Patient positioning has been described as a shared responsibility of the entire surgical team. The research on roles and responsibilities in patient positioning during surgery is sparse.DesignThe study had a qualitative design, including 16 individual, semi‐structured interviews, conducted in November and December 2023.MethodsParticipants included surgeons (n = 4), anaesthetists (n = 4), operating room nurses (n = 4) and nurse anaesthetists (n = 4) in a hospital in Southeastern Norway. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six‐step Reflexive Thematic Analysis.ResultsThree main themes with subthemes were identified, namely (1) A teamwork approach, with subthemes (a) facilitating surgery and (b) health professionals' roles and responsibilities. (2) A patient safety issue, with subthemes (a) risk patients and (b) procedural challenges. (3) Absence of a systematic approach, with subthemes (a) various approach to second time‐out and (b) documentation and feedback issues.ConclusionAppropriate and safe positioning during surgery is a common responsibility of all members of the surgical team. Despite the common assumption that surgeons hold the primary responsibility, the operating room nurses seemed to hold the hands‐on responsibility. Different health professionals emphasized different risk patients, risk procedures and perceived challenges. This suggests a connection between the specific focus of distinct professional domains, their tasks and expertise within the surgical context.ImpactThere is a lack of clear guidelines outlining roles and the distribution of responsibility in patient positioning, which may be a safety concern. A need for reviewing responsibilities and defining roles is identified.Systematic follow‐up of documentation of post‐operative observation and documentation of skin status and the “second time‐out” procedure is crucial to establish measures rooted in guidelines supported by both professional and administrative management. This dual commitment may ensure a comprehensive strategy for systematic follow‐up, fostering a culture of continuous improvement.Patient ContributionNot applicable.
Prevalence of environmental microplastics in Taiwan and its impact on the seafood safety: An integrative review
Authors: Lin Meng‐Wei , Wu Vivian C. H. , Lin Chih‐Sheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHuman activity has led to microplastic contamination throughout the marine environment. As a result of widespread contamination, microplastics are ingested by many species of wildlife, including fish, cephalopods, and shellfish. Taiwan is surrounded by oceans that offer a rich range of seafood. Taiwanese residents can easily acquire seafood as a source of dietary protein. A recent research project by Greenpeace shows that the Taiwanese eat 16,000 microplastic particles per year. There is concern regarding microplastic physical and chemical toxicity, which poses potential health risks to the local community via food chains. Thus, monitoring microplastic contamination in seafood is imperative to provide helpful information for the government and local communities. Efforts should be taken to reduce microplastic pollution at the source to minimize potential effects on ecological and health safety. This review article emphasizes the urgent need for further research on microplastic pollution in Taiwan, highlights the potential challenges to mitigate this emerging environmental threat, and analyzes food safety hazards as well as microplastic contamination in seafood.
Aging precisely: Precision medicine through the lens of an older adult
Authors: Austin C. Adrian , Seligman Benjamin , Shan‐Bala Sangeetha , Kuchel George A. , Loh Kah Poh , Kistler Chrissy E. , Batsis John A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrecision medicine presents an opportunity to use novel, data‐driven strategies to improve patient care. The field of precision medicine has undergone many advancements over the past few years. It has moved beyond incorporation of individualized genetic risk into medical decision‐making to include multiple other factors such as unique social, demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. Geriatric medicine stands to benefit heavily from the integration of precision medicine into its standard practices. Older adults, compared with other populations, have high clinical and biological heterogeneity that can alter the risks and benefits of different approaches to patient care. These factors have not been routinely considered previously by geriatricians. Yet, geriatricians' ability to address older adults' baseline heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of delivering quality care in a geriatric medical practice. Given the shared focus of individualized decision‐making, precision medicine is a natural fit for geriatric medicine. This manuscript provides, via cases and discussion, examples that illustrate how precision medicine can improve the care of our older patients today. We will share specific and existing tools and evidence, and review the existing multilevel barriers to further incorporate and implement these tools into clinical practice. We propose methods to address these barriers and to help realize the full potential of precision medicine for the care of older adults. We conclude with a brief discussion of potential future directions of research of precision medicine in the care of older adults.