bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twist spinning revisited
Authors: Goldsmith Deborah L. , Kauffman Louis H. 
Published: July 2010

This paper contains several applications of the following theorem: The 1-twist spin

L
1

(
k
)

{L_1}(k)

of any knot

k
⊂

S

n
−
1

k \subset {S^{n - 1}}

is interchangeable with the standard unknotted

(
n
−
2
)

(n - 2)

-sphere K in

S
n

{S^n}

by means of a homeomorphism of triples

h
:
(

S
n

,
K
,

L
1

(
k
)
)
→
(

S
n

,

L
1

(
k
)
,
K
)

h:({S^n},K,{L_1}(k)) \to ({S^n},{L_1}(k),K)

which reverses the orientation of

S
n

{S^n}

, and preserves the orientations of K and

L
1

(
k
)

{L_1}(k)

. One of these applications is Zeeman’s Theorem about twist spun knots; another is a proof of a conjecture of R. H. Fox about certain manifolds which have the same fundamental group. We also prove that the iterated twist spun knot

L

a
,
b

(
k
)
⊂

S

n
+
1

{L_{a,b}}(k) \subset {S^{n + 1}}

is fiber equivalent to one of

L

0
,
g

(
k
)

{L_{0,g}}(k)

or

L

g
,
g

(
k
)

{L_{g,g}}(k)

where

g
=

g.c.d.

(
a
,
b
)

g = {\text {g.c.d.}}(a,b)

.
Maxima of random algebraic curves
Authors: Das M. , Bhatt S. S. 
Published: July 2010

Let

X
1

,

X
2

,
…
,

X
n

{X_1},{X_2}, \ldots ,{X_n}

be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with common characteristic function

exp

(
−

|
Z
|

α

)

{\exp }( - {\left | Z \right |^\alpha })

where

0
>
α
⩽
2

0 > \alpha \leqslant 2

, and

P
(
x
)
=

∑
1
n

X
k

x
k

P(x) = \sum \nolimits _1^n {{X_k}{x^k}}

. Then we show that the numbers

M
n

{M_n}

of maxima of the curves

y
=
P
(
x
)

y = P(x)

have expectation

E

M
n

∼
c
log
⁡
n

E{M_n} \sim c \log n

, as

n
→
∞

n \to \infty

, where

c
=
c
(
α
)
=

c
1

(
α
)
+

c
2

(
α
)

c = c(\alpha ) = {c_1}(\alpha ) + {c_2}(\alpha )

and
\[

c
1

(
α
)

=

1

π
2

α
2

∫

−
∞

∞

d
v

log

∫
0
∞

[

|

v

−

y

|

α

|

v

−

1

|

α

]

exp
⁡
(
−
y
)

d
y
,

c
2

(
α
)

=

1

π
2

α
2

∫

−
∞

∞

log

∫
0
∞

{

(

|

v

−

z

|

α

|

v

−

α

−

1

|

α

)

z
α

Γ
(
1

+

α
)

exp

(
−
z
)

d
z

}

d
v
.

\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {{c_1}(\alpha )\, = \,\frac {1} {{{\pi ^2}{\alpha ^2}}}\int _{ - \infty }^\infty {dv\,\log \,\int _0^\infty {\left [ {\frac {{{{\left | {v\, - \,y} \right |}^\alpha }}} {{{{\left | {v\, - \,1} \right |}^\alpha }}}} \right ]\,\exp ( - y)\,dy,} } } {{c_2}(\alpha )\, = \,\frac {1} {{{\pi ^2}{\alpha ^2}}}\int _{ - \infty }^\infty {\log \,\int _0^\infty {\left \{ {\left ( {\frac {{{{\left | {v\, - \,z} \right |}^\alpha }}} {{{{\left | {v\, - \,\alpha \, - \,1} \right |}^\alpha }}}} \right )\,\frac {{{z^\alpha }}} {{\Gamma (1\, + \,\alpha )}}\,\exp \,( - z)\,dz} \right \}} \,dv.} } \end {array}

\]
Compactifications of 𝐶ⁿ
Authors: Brenton L. , Morrow J. 
Published: July 2010

Let X be a compactification of

C

n

{{\text {C}}^n}

. We assume that X is a compact complex manifold and that

A

=

X

−

C

n

A\, = \,X\, - \,{{\text {C}}^n}

is a proper subvariety of X. If we suppose that A is a Kähler manifold, then we prove that X is projective algebraic,

H

∗

(

A
,

Z

)

≅

H

∗

(

P

n

−

1

,

Z

)

{H^{\ast }}\left ( {A,\,{\textbf {Z}}} \right )\, \cong \,{H^{\ast }}\left ( {{{\textbf {P}}^{n\, - \,1}},\,{\textbf {Z}}} \right )

, and

H

∗

(

X
,

Z

)

≅

H

∗

(

P

n

,

Z

)

{H^{\ast }}\left ( {X,\,{\textbf {Z}}} \right )\, \cong \,{H^{\ast }}\left ( {{{\textbf {P}}^n},\,{\textbf {Z}}} \right )

. Various additional conditions are shown to imply that

X

=

P

n

X\, = \,{{\textbf {P}}^n}

. It is known that no additional conditions are needed to imply

X

=

P

n

X\, = \,{{\textbf {P}}^n}

in the cases

n

=

1
,

2

n\, = \,1,\,2

. In this paper we prove that if

n

=

3

n\, = \,3

,

X

=

P

3

X\, = \,{{\textbf {P}}^3}

.
Irrational connected sums and the topology of algebraic surfaces
Authors: Mandelbaum Richard 
Published: July 2010

Suppose W is an irreducible nonsingular projective algebraic 3-fold and V a nonsingular hypersurface section of W. Denote by

V
m

{V_m}

a nonsingular element of

|

m
V

|

\left | {mV} \right |

. Let

V
1

{V_1}

,

V
m

{V_m}

,

V

m

+

1

{V_{m\, + \,1}}

be generic elements of

|
V
|

\left | V \right |

,

|

m
V

|

\left | {mV} \right |

,

|

(
m

+

1
)
V

|

\left | {(m\, + \,1)V} \right |

respectively such that they have normal crossing in W. Let

S

1
m

=

V
1

∩

V
m

{S_{1m}}\, = \,{V_1}\, \cap \,{V_m}

and

C

=

V
1

∩

V
m

∩

V

m
+
1

C\, = \,{V_1}\, \cap \,{V_m}\, \cap \,{V_{m + 1}}

. Then

S

1
m

{S_{1m}}

is a nonsingular curve of genus

g
m

{g_m}

and C is a collection of

N

=

m

(

m
+
1

)

V
1
3

N\, = \,m\left ( {m + 1} \right )V_1^3

points on

S

1
m

{S_{1m}}

. By [MM2] we find that

(
∗
)

V

m

+

1

( \ast )\,{V_{m\, + \,1}}

is diffeomorphic to

V
m

−

T
(

S

1
m

)

¯

∪
η

V
1

′

−

T
(

S

1
m

′

)

¯

\overline {{V_m}\, - \,T({S_{1m}})} \,{ \cup _\eta }\,\overline {{V_1}’\, - \,T({S_{1m}}’)}

, where

T

(

S

1
m

)

T\left ( {{S_{1m}}} \right )

is a tubular neighborhood of

S

1
m

{S_{1m}}

in

V
m

{V_m}

,

V
1

′

{V_1}’

is

V
1

{V_1}

blown up along C,

S

1
m

′

{S_{1m}}’

is the strict image of

S

1
m

{S_{1m}}

in

V
1

′

{V_1}’

,

T
(

S

1
m

′

)

T({S_{1m}}’)

is a tubular neighborhood of

S

1
m

′

{S_{1m}}’

in

V
1

′

{V_1}’

and

η
:

∂
T

(

S

1
m

)

→
∂
T
(

S
m

′

)

\eta :\,\partial T\left ( {{S_{1m}}} \right ) \to \partial T({S_m}’)

is a bundle diffeomorphism. Now

V
1

′

{V_1}’

is well known to be diffeomorphic to

V
1

#

N

(

−
C

P
2

)

{V_1}\, \# \,N\left ( { - C{P^2}} \right )

(the connected sum of

V
1

{V_1}

and N copies of

C

P
2

C{P^2}

with opposite orientation from the usual). Thus in order to be able to inductively reduce questions about the structure of

V
m

{V_m}

to ones about

V
1

{V_1}

we must simplify the “irrational sum”

(
∗
)

( \ast )

above. The general question we can ask is then the following: Suppose

M
1

{M_1}

and

M
2

{M_2}

are compact smooth 4-manifolds and K is a connected q-complex embedded in

M
i

{M_i}

. Let

T
i

{T_i}

be a regular neighborhood of K in

M
i

{M_i}

and let

η
:

∂

T
1

→

∂

T
2

\eta :\,\partial {T_1}\, \to \,\partial {T_2}

be a diffeomorphism: Set

V

=

M
1

−

T
1

¯

∪

M
2

−

T
2

¯

V\, = \,\overline {{M_1}\, - \,{T_1}} \, \cup \,\overline {{M_2}\, - \,{T_2}}

. How can the topology of V be described more simply in terms of those of

M
1

{M_1}

and

M
2

{M_2}

. In this paper we show how surgery can be used to simplify the structure of V in the case

q

=

1
,

2

q\, = \,1,\,2

and indicate some applications to the topology of algebraic surfaces.
Semi-algebraic groups and the local closure of an orbit in a homogeneous space
Authors: Goto Morikuni 
Published: July 2010

Let L be a topological group acting on a locally compact Hausdorff space M as a transformation group. Let m be in M. A subset Q of M is called the local closure of the orbit Lm if Q is the smallest locally compact invariant subset of M with

m

∈

Q

m\, \in \,Q

. A partition
\[

M
=

⋃

λ
∈
∧

Q
λ

,

Q

λ

∩

Q
μ

=

∅

(

λ
≠
μ

)

M = \,\bigcup \limits _{\lambda \in \wedge } \,{Q_\lambda },\,\,\,\,{Q_{\lambda \,}}\, \cap \,\,{Q_\mu } = \,\emptyset \,\,\,\,\left ( {\lambda \ne \mu } \right )

\]
is called an LC-partition of M with respect to the L action if each

Q
λ

{Q_\lambda }

is the local closure of Lm for any m in

Q
λ

{Q_\lambda }

. Theorem. Let G be a connected Lie group, and let A and B be subgroups of G with only finitely many connected components. Suppose that B is closed. Then the factor space

G

/

B

G/B

has an LC-partition with respect to the A action.
A pointwise ergodic theorem for the group of rational rotations
Authors: Dubins Lester E. , Pitman Jim 
Published: July 2010

Let f be a bounded, measurable function defined on the multiplicative group

Ω
\Omega

of complex numbers of absolute value 1, and define

(

(
1
)

)

f
n

(
ω
)
=

1
n

∑

i
=
1

n

f
(

z
n
i

ω
)

,

ω
∈
Ω
,

\begin{equation}\tag {$(1)$}{{f_n}(\omega ) = \frac {1} {n}\sum \limits _{i = 1}^n {f(z_n^i\omega )} ,} \qquad \omega \in \Omega ,\end{equation}

where

z
n

{z_n}

is a primitive nth root of unity. The present paper generalizes this result of Jessen [1934]: if

n
(
k
)

n(k)

is an increasing sequence of positive integers with

n
(
k
)

n(k)

dividing

n
(

k
′

)

n(k’)

whenever

k
>

k
′

k > k’

, then

f

n
(
k
)

{f_{n(k)}}

converges almost surely as

k
→
∞

k \to \infty

.
Pseudo-integral operators
Authors: Sourour A. R. 
Published: July 2010

Let

(
X
,

a

,

m
)

(X,\,\mathcal {a},\,m)

be a standard finite measure space. A bounded operator T on

L
2

(
X
)

{L^2}(X)

is called a pseudo-integral operator if

(
T
f
)
(
x
)

=

∫

f
(
y
)

μ
(
x
,

d
y
)

(Tf)(x)\, = \,\int {f(y)\,\mu (x,\,dy)}

, where, for every x,

μ
(
x
,

⋅

)

\mu (x,\, \cdot \,)

is a bounded Borel measure on X. Main results: 1. A bounded operator T on

L
2

{L^2}

is a pseudo-integral operator with a positive kernel if and only if T maps positive functions to positive functions. 2. On nonatomic measure spaces every operator unitarily equivalent to T is a pseudo-integral operator if and only if T is the sum of a scalar and a Hilbert-Schmidt operator. 3. The class of pseudo-integral operators with absolutely bounded kernels form a selfadjoint (nonclosed) algebra, and the class of integral operators with absolutely bounded kernels is a two-sided ideal. 4. An operator T satisfies

(
T
f
)
(
x
)

=

∫

f
(
y
)

μ
(
x
,

d
y
)

(Tf)(x)\, = \,\int {f(y)\,\mu (x,\,dy)}

for

f

∈

L
∞

f\, \in \,{L^\infty }

if and only if there exists a positive measurable (almost-everywhere finite) function

Ω
\Omega

such that

|

(
T
f
)
(
x
)

|

⩽

‖
f
‖

∞

Ω
(
x
)

\left | {(Tf)(x)} \right |\, \leqslant \,{\left \| f \right \|_\infty }\Omega (x)

.
OsC6, Encoding a Lipid Transfer Protein, Is Required for Postmeiotic Anther Development In Rice
Authors: Zhang Dasheng , Liang Wanqi , Yin Changsong , Zong Jie , Gu Fangwei , Zhang Dabing 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Synthesis of lipidic components in anthers, including of the pollen exine, is essential for plant male reproductive development. Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are small, abundant lipid-binding proteins that have the ability to exchange lipids between membranes in vitro. However, their biological role in male reproductive development remains less understood. Here, we report the crucial role of OsC6 in regulating postmeiotic anther development in rice (Oryza sativa). Found in monocots, OsC6 belongs to a distinct clade from previously identified LTP1 and LTP2 family members found in both dicots and monocots. OsC6 expression is mainly detectable in tapetal cells and weakly in microspores from stage 9 to stage 11 of anther development. Immunological assays indicated that OsC6 is widely distributed in anther tissues such as the tapetal cytoplasm, the extracellular space between the tapetum and middle layer, and the anther locule and anther cuticle. Biochemical assays indicated that recombinant OsC6 has lipid binding activity. Moreover, plants in which OsC6 was silenced had defective development of orbicules (i.e. Ubisch bodies) and pollen exine and had reduced pollen fertility. Furthermore, additional evidence is provided that the expression of OsC6 is positively regulated by a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, Tapetum Degeneration Retardation (TDR). Extra granule-like structures were observed on the inner surface of the tdr tapetal layer when the expression of OsC6 was driven by the TDR promoter compared with the tdr mutant. These data suggest that OsC6 plays a crucial role in the development of lipidic orbicules and pollen exine during anther development in rice.
Brilliance, innovation and growth – a big talent story
Authors: Timms Perry 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to describe how the Big Lottery Fund is developing its leaders of the future through a talent program which may interest other organizations about to – or already engaged in – doing the same.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach is taken by this paper in the form of a chronological story describing the journey undertaken, the challenges faced, solutions deployed and ultimately, lessons learned.FindingsThere are several themes which – if starting the process again – would provide a clearer and more rapid path to successes and deliver an even more enriching program experience for those involved/engaged in it.Research limitations/implicationsThere is no specific research in this paper, merely the view of the author who has been involved in delivering the program since conceptual thinking.Practical implicationsThere are lessons learned, key outcomes identified and potential good practice processes highlighted through this paper.Originality/valueThere is nothing specifically new in this paper other than very recent experience in managing talent in a challenging environment and where no previous programs existed.
Young people's experiences of vocational education and training (VET)
Authors: Lawy Robert 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to locate and understand VET provision for young people in England and Scotland as a set of policies and practices that can also be located within a broader Europe‐wide discourse.Design/methodology/approachThe research drew upon findings from a longitudinal study that comprised interviews with young people who were in JWT at the outset of the research. The work was conducted in the South West of England in 2007 and 2008 and comprised in‐depth interviews with 13 young people, supported with 155 telephone interviews, a focus group session with three young people, and a participative research seminar with 25 key stakeholders.FindingsThe research showed that although there are nuanced differences in approach, the fundamental basis of the policy rhetorics is the same. Whilst the issues and questions in this paper have been informed by the position in the UK and in particular England, it would seem that the same or similar issues and concerns have become part of the mainstream discourse, certainly within the OECD countries and beyond.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodology brings a narrative approach (focused upon individual young people), to bear upon a set of policy discourses within the education and skills agenda. Whilst the approach of the paper does not allow for generalisation, it does highlight the problem with a policy focus that fails to take account of what those most affected by the policies actually value and believe.Originality/valueThis paper draws together policy narratives and the experiences of young people.
Integrated distributed bond graph modeling and neural network for fault diagnosis system of hydro turbine governors
Authors: Guo Jiang , Liu Yajin , Xu Xianglian , Chen Qijuan 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to obtain the characteristic parameters of dynamic trend for hydro turbine governors, and take these as the inputs of the neural network to realize the diagnosis of the system.Design/methodology/approachComputer simulation technique has become an important tool in the science research and development. Because of the different degree defaults of the traditional modeling method, a distributed bond graph modeling (BGD) method is presented in this paper. Fault diagnosis and identification have been widely developed in recent years, while many kinds of diagnosis methods have been used in this area. Since it is difficult to get the characteristic parameters of dynamic trend, a new methodology is proposed which integrates BGD and neural network. It gets the characteristic parameters by simulation to the system, and takes these as the inputs of the neural network to realize the diagnosis of the system.FindingsThe paper presents the need for application of two models – conventional procedure and bond graph model approaches.Practical implicationsThe paper is a very useful diagnosis tool for operators.Originality/valueA new methodology is proposed which integrates BGD and neural network. The paper is aimed at operational researches and engineers, the results from simulations are reported and commented in the paper.
A combined discrete variable structure control algorithm and its application to brushless DC servomotors
Authors: Lai Yanhui , Zhang Xiaofeng , Song Lizhong 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to overcome the shortcoming that discrete variable structure control (VSC) system trajectory oscillates in a neighborhood of the origin.Design/methodology/approachAmong all the proposed reaching laws, W. Gao's theory is most perfect. It makes great progress in revealing the motion mechanism of discrete‐time VSC systems. However, it has an obvious defect, i.e. the system trajectory oscillates in a neighborhood of the origin rather than converges to the origin. So, a new reaching law named variable rate reaching law to which the stability at the origin can be expected is proposed. The special feature of this new reaching law is that it is directly proportional to the norm of the state vector and can result in a sector‐shaped switching region. On the basis of analyzing the characteristic of the variable rate and the conventional reaching laws, a new combined control algorithm that discards the shortcomings of the two reaching laws and carries on their merits is formed, so satisfactory control performance can be achieved.FindingsA new combined reaching law control algorithm, which uses the exponential rate reaching law in the reaching mode and in the front phase of the sliding mode, and uses the variable rate reaching law in the back phase of the sliding mode and in the steady‐state mode, is formed.Practical implicationsThe paper is a very useful reference for control system designers.Originality/valueThe new control strategy is applied to the controller design for a brushless DC servomotor and good control performance is obtained.
Measurement and tracking control of the Z‐tilts error compensating stage of the nano‐measuring machine
Authors: Liu Van‐Tsai , Liu Chien‐Hung , Li Hau‐Wei , Chen Chieh‐Li , Lin Chun‐Liang , Lin Yu‐Chen 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop the multi‐degree‐of‐freedom measurement system to test, verify, and control the nano‐measuring machine.Design/methodology/approachA generic differential model approach is constructed to numerically describe the hysteresis effects of piezoelectric actuators. Based on the generic differential model, a feedforward compensator with a proportional integral (PI) type controller is designed to compensate for the hysteresis nonlinearity of a piezoelectric actuated three degree‐of‐freedom coplanar nanostage which can provide high‐precision applications.FindingsThe Z‐tilts (z, pitch, and roll motion) error compensation stage of the nano‐measuring machine is accomplished. Moreover, a high‐resolution laser interferometer is used to measure position accurately.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to develop a tracking control design method for the piezoelectric motion platform which combines a closed‐loop feedforward compensator with a PI type controller.
Uncertainty, information sources
Authors: Andrew Alex M. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to partially summarize and discuss a lengthy exchange of e‐mails during the summer of 2009 on the issue of uncertainty and associated Chinese complexity studies; with reference also to other fundamental issues including creativity. Some important sources of online information are mentioned, including means of downloading classic texts.Design/methodology/approachThe aim is to review developments on the internet, especially those of general cybernetic interest.FindingsThe main finding is that the significance of grey system theory is still controversial, though rated highly in certain quarters. Further study is clearly needed.Practical implicationsEventual resolution of the controversy about approaches to uncertainty will clearly influence further investigation.Originality/valueIt is hoped this is a valuable periodic review.
The interactive effect of Gestalt situations and arousal seeking tendency on customers' emotional responses: matching color and music to specific servicescapes
Authors: Lin Ingrid Y. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the interactive effect of Gestalt versus non‐Gestalt situations, and arousal seeking tendency (AST) on customers' pleasure and arousal with matching color and music to hotel bars and hotel guest rooms; thereby providing guidance for service providers.Design/methodology/approachThis is an experimental design study with four treatments. Fictitious hotel bar and guest room video clips were created with the appropriate manipulation of color schemes and music as independent variables. After the video clip was shown, subjects were asked to complete a survey instrument. The hypothesized model was then tested.FindingsThe results showed that the interactive effect of Gestalt versus non‐Gestalt, and AST on an individual's pleasure and arousal are both positive and statistically significant. As an individual's AST increases, both the arousal score and pleasure score increased in Gestalt situations (dynamic bar and tranquil guest room) and decreased in non‐Gestalt situations (tranquil bar and dynamic guest room).Research limitations/implicationsOnly jazz music and a specific type of hotel bar and hotel guest room settings with a limited target market were utilized. Similarly, the color schemes that were included were the two extremes (dynamic and tranquil). Results can be generalized to other similar settings only with caution.Practical implicationsHospitality firms should design spaces taking into account the holistic or Gestalt effect of objective elements of a servicescape. Managers should understand that individual uses of a servicescape and reactions to objective servicescape elements will be different depending on a specific type of servicescape.Originality/valueNo research has been done investigating the effects of the color and music combined in two distinct service settings. The value of assessing effects of different settings is demonstrated.
The immigrant entrepreneur in the international change
Authors: Rueda Armengot Carlos , Solé Parellada Frances , Rieta Carbonell Joaquín 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the ethnic profile of the entrepreneur in relation to business activity, the reasons for creating the firm and the creation process. The aim is to analyze whether or not belonging to a particular ethnic group has an influence on the said processes, regardless of place of birth or nationality.Design/methodology/approachA total of 326 questionnaires were analyzed in order to carry out an exploratory study on different ethnic communities in the region of Valencia (Spain) by identifying the most influential factors for each of the dimensions studied.FindingsThe empirical results obtained show the relevance of ethnic origin. The variables that correspond to business activity, motives for new firm creation and the process involved undergo extremely significant alterations, depending on the origin of the entrepreneur.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper focuses on a particular geographical area and thus the limitations of the sample, as well as the influence of environmental factors may affect some of the results.Originality/valueThe paper contributes towards understanding business activity among an increasingly important collective in a globalized economy and provides valuable knowledge for creating public policy aimed at the integration and development of different ethnic groups.