bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for predicting synergistic drug combinations: State‐of‐the‐arts and future directions
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Junjie , Liu Yun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCombination therapy has emerged as an efficacy strategy for treating complex diseases. Its potential to overcome drug resistance and minimize toxicity makes it highly desirable. However, the vast number of potential drug pairs presents a significant challenge, rendering exhaustive clinical testing impractical. In recent years, deep learning‐based methods have emerged as promising tools for predicting synergistic drug combinations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of applying diverse deep‐learning architectures for drug combination prediction. This review commences by elucidating the quantitative measures employed to assess drug combination synergy. Subsequently, we delve into the various deep‐learning methods currently employed for drug combination prediction. Finally, the review concludes by outlining the key challenges facing deep learning approaches and proposes potential challenges for future research.
Enhancing wireless sensor network connectivity and coverage using Hybrid GWO‐HSA algorithm
Authors: Subburathinam Karthik , Bakthavatchalam Vijayalakshmi , Pandian Ram Kumar Chenthur , Subramaniam Kavitha Mettupalayam 
Published: June 2024

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are essential in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and industrial automation. Persistent connectivity and coverage challenges in WSN stem from intermittent node connectivity due to obstacles, signal interference, node failures, and compromised data reliability. Existing solutions, while useful, exhibit limitations in fully addressing these concerns. To confront these challenges, a proposed system introduces the Hybrid Grey Optimizer–Harmony Search Algorithm (Hybrid GWO‐HSA), merging adaptive routing protocols and efficient deployment techniques. The Hybrid GWO‐HSA system conducts an initial environmental analysis to pinpoint factors affecting node communication. It strategically deploys additional nodes to bridge coverage gaps, using the Grey Wolf Algorithm's capabilities to optimize node placement. Moreover, it employs the Harmony Search Algorithm to dynamically adjust communication paths based on real‐time network conditions, ensuring robust data transmission. The system workflow involves an environmental assessment followed by node deployment guided by the Grey Wolf Algorithm. Subsequently, the Harmony Search adapts communication paths to enhance connectivity. Simulations and practical experiments across diverse environments validate the Hybrid GWO‐HSA system's effectiveness. Results showcase substantial improvements: network lifetime of 13,200 s, a network delay of 37 ms, a coverage rate of 0.88, and an energy consumption of 590 J. This Hybrid GWO‐HSA‐based system establishes a resilient and efficient WSN infrastructure vital for reliable data collection and transmission in challenging settings. The Hybrid GWO‐HSA system offers a comprehensive approach to WSN connectivity and coverage issues by leveraging firefly and genetic algorithms, and it significantly enhances WSN performance and reliability across multifaceted application domains.
The Miocene lacustrine carbonate factory of the Ñirihuau Formation, Ñirihuau Basin, North Patagonian Andes, Argentina
Authors: Santonja Camila , Benavente Cecilia A. , Suriano Julieta , Heredia Arturo M. , Fortunatti Natalia , Rainoldi Ana L. , Kietzmann Diego A. , Bechis Florencia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFacies, microfacies and stable isotope analyses of limestone beds in the northernmost Ñirihuau Basin, North Patagonian Andes, Argentina, document and constrain the past hydrological, sedimentological and climate conditions that prevailed during the deposition of a lacustrine system between ca 15 and 13 Ma. This palaeoenvironment is recorded in the middle section of the Ñirihuau Formation, which holds significance because: (1) It was deposited during a transition from an extensional to a compressional tectonic regime; (2) it spans the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum and the beginning of the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition; and (3) it contains limestone beds interbedded within a 600 m thick interval of mudstones and siltstones, along with intercalated sandstone and volcaniclastic bodies. Two detailed sedimentary logs were surveyed along the Arroyo Las Bayas, at the western and eastern flank of the David Syncline. Limestones from both stratigraphic sections were sampled as well as isolated limestone beds from two other sites. One facies association was defined and interpreted as a perennial lake associated with a deltaic system and dominated by detrital clastic material. It comprises Facies 1 (Marginal lacustrine) and Facies 2 (Lower delta plain); in both, the presence of grainstones and calcimudstones stands out. Through petrography and cathodoluminescence studies of these continental carbonates, nine microfacies were identified: (a) Intraclastic grainstone, (b) Homogeneous calcimudstone, (c) Silty grainstone, (d) Disrupted micrite, (e) Birds eye micrite, (f) Bioclastic mudstone, (g) Calcimudstone with sparse detrital grains, (h) Fenestral micrite, (i) Stromatolitic boundstone. These indicate mainly bio‐induced subaqueous carbonate precipitation and subordinate deposition by tractive flows with short‐distance transport on a littoral lacustrine environment. Most of these microfacies exhibit very early diagenesis (eogenesis) effects. These features, and the geochemistry results, indicate that they were deposited in a palaeolake system under temperate to warm and humid conditions.
Recovering predators link aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: River otters subsidize coyotes with carrion
Authors: Gerraty Francis D. , Carroll Terence , Williams Skyler , Isadore Megan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite global declines in the abundance and distribution of predators, conservation and reintroduction efforts are increasingly leading to predator recoveries. Unexpected species interactions and ecological consequences often arise when these predator recoveries occur. Here, we describe a novel species interaction in which coyotes (Canis latrans) kleptoparasitize North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) in a region of river otter recovery along the north‐central California coast, USA. We describe eight observations of coyotes scavenging otter‐killed waterbird carrion, including one observation in which river otters aggressively defended their prey from a coyote kleptoparasite. These observations highlight the importance of carrion provisioning as an overlooked pathway through which river otters facilitate nutrient subsidies to terrestrial scavengers. This behavior may have ecological implications including effects on the abundance, behavior, and health of scavengers as well as their interspecific interactions. We propose hypotheses and questions regarding these ecological consequences to guide further investigations into the cross‐ecosystem impacts of recovering river otter populations.
The effect of terrain on the fine‐scale genetic diversity of sub‐Antarctic Collembola: A landscape genetics approach
Authors: Monsanto Daniela Marques , Hedding David William , Durand Sandra , Parbhu Shilpa Pradeep , Adair Matthew Grant , Emami‐Khoyi Arsalan , Teske Peter Rodja , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiodiversity patterns are shaped by the interplay between geodiversity and organismal characteristics. Superimposing genetic structure onto landscape heterogeneity (i.e., landscape genetics) can help to disentangle their interactions and better understand population dynamics. Previous studies on the sub‐Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (located midway between Antarctica and Africa) have highlighted the importance of landscape and climatic barriers in shaping spatial genetic patterns and have drawn attention to the value of these islands as natural laboratories for studying fundamental concepts in biology. Here, we assessed the fine‐scale spatial genetic structure of the springtail, Cryptopygus antarcticus travei, which is endemic to Marion Island, in tandem with high‐resolution geological data. Using a species‐specific suite of microsatellite markers, a fine‐scale sampling design incorporating landscape complexity and generalised linear models (GLMs), we examined genetic patterns overlaid onto high‐resolution digital surface models and surface geology data across two 1‐km sampling transects. The GLMs revealed that genetic patterns across the landscape closely track landscape resistance data in concert with landscape discontinuities and barriers to gene flow identified at a scale of a few metres. These results show that the island's geodiversity plays an important role in shaping biodiversity patterns and intraspecific genetic diversity. This study illustrates that fine‐scale genetic patterns in soil arthropods are markedly more structured than anticipated, given that previous studies have reported high levels of genetic diversity and evidence of genetic structing linked to landscape changes for springtail species and considering the homogeneity of the vegetation complexes characteristic of the island at the scale of tens to hundreds of metres. By incorporating fine‐scale and high‐resolution landscape features into our study, we were able to explain much of the observed spatial genetic patterns. Our study highlights geodiversity as a driver of spatial complexity. More widely, it holds important implications for the conservation and management of the sub‐Antarctic islands.
Preference for ground cover when selecting burrow entrances in plateau pikas
Authors: Zhang Rui , Liu Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBurrow‐dwelling animals such as the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) often seek sturdy entrances for their burrows, which can reduce the need for frequent maintenance. The toughness of the ground surface is often reinforced by the interweaving of plant roots and often varies with the root characteristics. To better understand ground cover preferences when selecting burrow entrances by plateau pikas, we investigated the ratios of different ground covers at the rear of the entrances, as well as their coverage and underlying soil compaction in an undegraded alpine meadow on the Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau. The results indicated a clear preference hierarchy of sedges > forbs > grass > bare soil. This distribution was aligned with the soil compaction hierarchy of the topsoil layer beneath each cover type. The sedge coverage was significantly negatively correlated with burrow density, suggesting that plateau pikas opt for sturdy entrances with a natural inclination toward energy conservation. However, there is consensus that the population density of plateau pikas often reaches its maximum on almost nonvegetated “black soil beaches.” We hypothesized that the survival benefits brought about by vegetation degradation would be higher than the maintenance costs of burrow entrances.
Ocean warming undermines the recovery resilience of New England kelp forests following a fishery‐induced trophic cascade
Authors: Suskiewicz Thew S. , Byrnes Jarrett E. K. , Steneck Robert S. , Russell Robert , Wilson Carl J. , Rasher Douglas B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEcological theory predicts that kelp forests structured by trophic cascades should experience recovery and persistence of their foundation species when herbivores become rare. Yet, climate change may be altering the outcomes of top‐down forcing in kelp forests, especially those located in regions that have rapidly warmed in recent decades, such as the Gulf of Maine. Here, using data collected annually from 30+ sites spanning >350 km of coastline, we explored the dynamics of Maine's kelp forests in the ~20 years after a fishery‐induced elimination of sea urchin herbivores. Although forests (Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata) had broadly returned to Maine in the late 20th century, we found that forests in northeast Maine have since experienced slow but significant declines in kelp, and forest persistence in the northeast was juxtaposed by a rapid, widespread collapse in the southwest. Forests collapsed in the southwest apparently because ocean warming has—directly and indirectly—made this area inhospitable to kelp. Indeed, when modeling drivers of change using causal techniques from econometrics, we discovered that unusually high summer seawater temperatures the year prior, unusually high spring seawater temperatures, and high sea urchin densities each negatively impacted kelp abundance. Furthermore, the relative power and absolute impact of these drivers varied geographically. Our findings reveal that ocean warming is redefining the outcomes of top‐down forcing in this system, whereby herbivore removal no longer predictably leads to a sustained dominance of foundational kelps but instead has led to a waning dominance (northeast) or the rise of a novel phase state defined by “turf” algae (southwest). Such findings indicate that limiting climate change and managing for low herbivore abundances will be essential for preventing further loss of the vast forests that still exist in northeast Maine. They also more broadly highlight that climate change is “rewriting the rules” of nature, and thus that ecological theory and practice must be revised to account for shifting species and processes.
Porous Organic Polymers Supported Heterogeneous Catalysts for Hydroformylation Reactions
Authors: Wang Hao , Sun Jingya , Cai Xiao , Zhu Yan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince Otto Roelen revealed the accidental discovery of the hydroformylation process while exploring Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis, this chemical process of olefins with syngas has subsequently become the main source of aldehyde products. Compared to homogeneous systems, heterogeneous hydroformylation systems can avoid homogenous separation and lower the loss of valuable metals. Porous organic polymers (POPs) are one of porous materials that are interconnected by strong covalent bonds. By modifying the substrate structures, they may encapsulate various metal atoms and show remarkably high selectivity and activity for hydroformylation processes. In this review, we mainly focus on systematically summarizing recent developments, synthesis, and catalytic research on POPs supported catalysts in hydroformylation reactions. Lastly, we also discuss the prospects and challenges for future studies for the POPs supported metal catalysts.
HFIP‐Promoted Short Total Synthesis of Gochnatiolide D and Ainsliadimer A from Dehydrozaluzanin C
Authors: Kelesidis Antonis , Gennaiou Kyriaki , Zografos Alexandros L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe total syntheses of gochnatiolide D and ainsliadimer A were achieved through a streamlined one‐pot sequence starting from their biogenetic precursor dehydrozaluzanin C. These biomimetic, protecting group‐free syntheses involve the elegant orchestration of the highly diastereoselective hetero‐Diels‐Alder reaction of dehydrozaluzanin C, its subsequent hydrolysis to gochnatiolide D and finally an aldol reaction to ainsliadimer A, all harnessed by the hydrogen bond propensity and acidity of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), which was utilized as the reaction solvent.
Unraveling the Potential of Cyclic N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines in the MCR Universe
Authors: Fragkiadakis Michael , Fotopoulou Eirini , Froudas Konstantinos G. , Neochoritis Constantinos G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCyclic N‐sulfonyl ketimines constitute an accessible class of lead‐like heterocycles with a vast application in both synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry. In this context, we harness the capabilities of these heterocycles in four different isocyanide‐based multicomponent reactions. Our goal was to create libraries of compounds with functional groups and vectors that are compatible for structural elaboration and optimization of their physical properties. We synthesized 15 unprecedented compounds with high diversity and complexity, whereas we have obtained four single crystal structures of each scaffold, unraveling their geometrical features and potential employment in drug discovery.
Textile‐based triboelectric nanogenerators integrated with 2D materials
Authors: Ali Iftikhar , Karim Nazmul , Afroj Shaila 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe human body continuously generates ambient mechanical energy through diverse movements, such as walking and cycling, which can be harvested via various renewable energy harvesting mechanisms. Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) stands out as one of the most promising emerging renewable energy harvesting technologies for wearable applications due to its ability to harness various forms of mechanical energies, including vibrations, pressure, and rotations, and convert them into electricity. However, their application is limited due to challenges in achieving performance, flexibility, low power consumption, and durability. Here, we present a robust and high‐performance self‐powered system integrated into cotton fabric by incorporating a textile‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (T‐TENG) based on 2D materials, addressing both energy harvesting and storage. The proposed system extracts significant ambient mechanical energy from human body movements and stores it in a textile supercapacitor (T‐Supercap). The integration of 2D materials (graphene and MoS2) in fabrication enhances the performance of T‐TENG significantly, as demonstrated by a record‐high open‐circuit voltage of 1068 V and a power density of 14.64 W/m2 under a force of 22 N. The developed T‐TENG in this study effectively powers 200+ LEDs and a miniature watch while also charging the T‐Supercap with 4‐5 N force for efficient miniature electronics operation. Integrated as a step counter within a sock, the T‐TENG serves as a self‐powered step counter sensor. This work establishes a promising platform for wearable electronic textiles, contributing significantly to the advancement of sustainable and autonomous self‐powered wearable technologies.image
Efficacy and safety of add‐on antiseizure medications for focal epilepsy: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Hesheng , Ou Zhujing , Zhang Enhui , Liu Wenyu , Hao Nanya , Chen Yujie , Liu Yutong , Ye Hui , Zhou Dong , Wu Xintong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveSeveral antiseizure medications (ASMs) have been approved for the treatment of focal epilepsy. However, there is a paucity of evidence on direct comparison of ASMs. We evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of all approved add‐on ASMs for the treatment of focal epilepsy using network meta‐analysis.MethodsData through extensive literature search was retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrial.gov databases using predefined search terms from inception through March 2023. PRISMA reporting guidelines (CRD42023403450) were followed in this study. Efficacy outcomes assessed were ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% responder rates. Patient retention rate and safety outcomes such as overall treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and individual TEAEs were assessed. “Gemtc” 4.0.4 package was used to perform Bayesian analysis. Outcomes are reported as relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsLiterature search retrieved 5807 studies of which, 75 studies were included in the analysis. All ASMs showed significantly higher ≥50% responder rate compared with placebo. Except the ≥75% seizure frequency reduction for zonisamide (2.23; 95% CI: 1.00–5.70) and 100% for rufinamide (2.03; 95% CI: 0.54–11.00), all other interventions showed significantly higher ≥75% and 100% responder rates compared with placebo. Among treatments, significantly higher 100% responder rate was observed with cenobamate compared to eslicarbazepine (10.71; 95% CI: 1.56–323.9) and zonisamide (10.63; 95% CI: 1.37–261.2). All ASMs showed a lower patient retention rate compared to placebo, with the least significant value observed for oxcarbazepine (0.77; 95% CI: 0.7–0.84). Levetiracetam showed a lower risk of incidence (1.0; 95%CI: 0.94–1.1; SUCRA: 0.885067) for overall TEAE compared with other medications.SignificanceAll approved ASMs were effective as add‐on treatment for focal epilepsy. Of the ASMs included, cenobamate had the greatest likelihood of allowing patients to attain seizure freedom.Plain Language SummaryThis article compares the efficacy and safety of antiseizure medications (ASMs) currently available to neurologists in the treatment of epileptic patients. Several newer generation ASMs that have been developed may be as effective or better than the older medications. We included 75 studies in the analysis. In comparison, all drugs improved ≥50%, ≥75% and 100% responder rates compared to control, except for Zonisamide and Rufinamide in the ≥75% and 100% responder rate categories. Retention of patients undergoing treatment was lower in drugs than placebo. All drugs were tolerated, the levetiracetam showed the best tolerability. Cenobamate more likely help completely to reduce seizures.
The impact of local wind and spatial conditions on geometry blade of wind turbine
Authors: Woźniak Agnieszka , Kluczek Aldona , Ślusarczyk Bogusław , Żegleń Patrycja , Górka Małgorzata 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe research addresses the pressing need to understand wind conditions for optimal wind energy utilization, a crucial aspect of achieving global energy sustainability. While previous studies have focused on assessing wind energy potential and terrain roughness, gaps persist in understanding how wind and spatial conditions affect blade geometry. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of local wind conditions on wind turbine blade geometry, integrating nonuniform wind inflow due to wind shear into the theoretical model. Through the paper, it explores blade design for varying inflow conditions and analyses the relationship between terrain type and blade designs. A novel approach to wind turbine blade design, utilizing a theoretical model that combines the local momentum theorem with insights from propeller vortex theory was adopted. Through the analysis, the authors demonstrate that variations in terrain significantly influence blade geometry, underscoring the necessity for tailored turbine designs based on local conditions. The findings reveal discrepancies in blade geometry across different turbine capacities and terrain types, offering novel insights into wind turbine performance optimization. By tailoring blade geometry to specific locations enhances resource utilization, offering insights for energy policymakers. The research provides validated methods for optimizing turbine geometric parameters, opening avenues for increased local investment in wind energy and promoting distributed energy development. Illustrated with wind plants examples, the paper concludes by outlining future research directions in this field.