bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is selective primary visual cortex stimulation achievable with TMS?
Authors: Salminen‐Vaparanta Niina , Noreika Valdas , Revonsuo Antti , Koivisto Mika , Vanni Simo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe primary visual cortex (V1) has been the target of stimulation in a number of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies. In this study, we estimated the actual sites of stimulation by modeling the cortical location of the TMS‐induced electric field when participants reported visual phosphenes or scotomas. First, individual retinotopic areas were identified by multifocal functional magnetic resonance imaging (mffMRI). Second, during the TMS stimulation, the cortical stimulation sites were derived from electric field modeling. When an external anatomical landmark for V1 was used (2 cm above inion), the cortical stimulation landed in various functional areas in different individuals, the dorsal V2 being the most affected area at the group level. When V1 was specifically targeted based on the individual mffMRI data, V1 could be selectively stimulated in half of the participants. In the rest, the selective stimulation of V1 was obstructed by the intermediate position of the dorsal V2. We conclude that the selective stimulation of V1 is possible only if V1 happens to be favorably located in the individual anatomy. Selective and successful targeting of TMS pulses to V1 requires MRI‐navigated stimulation, selection of participants and coil positions based on detailed retinotopic maps of individual functional anatomy, and computational modeling of the TMS‐induced electric field distribution in the visual cortex. It remains to be resolved whether even more selective stimulation of V1 could be achieved by adjusting the coil orientation according to sulcal orientation of the target site. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Routine central compartment lymph node dissection for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kutler David I. , Crummey Audrey D. , Kuhel William I. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe role of routine central compartment neck dissection in papillary thyroid cancer is controversial.MethodsA retrospective medical record review was conducted of 83 patients with papillary thyroid cancer who received either total or hemithyroidectomy and central compartment lymphadenectomy.ResultsPositive central compartment node metastases were found in approximately equal rates between older and younger patients (38.9% and 42.6%, respectively; Fisher's exact test; p = .82). The primary tumor was a microcarcinoma (1 cm or less) in 32 patients (38.5%). Positive central compartment node metastases were detected in 31.3% of patients with microcarcinomas, compared with 47.1% of patients with tumors greater than 1 cm.ConclusionYounger and older patients had approximately equal rates of central compartment lymph node metastasis. There was also a similar rate of metastasis between microcarcinomas and larger tumors. Our results document that central compartment lymph node dissection is a safe operation and may decrease the need for further operations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
MicroRNA expression during osteogenic differentiation of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow
Authors: Gao Jie , Yang Tongtao , Han Jianwei , Yan Kang , Qiu Xiuchun , Zhou Yong , Fan Qingyu , Ma Baoan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMicroRNAs comprise a group of non‐coding small RNAs (17–25 nt) involved in post‐transcriptional regulation that have been identified in various plants and animals. Studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are associated with stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation and play a key role in controlling stem cell activities. However, the identification of specific miRNAs and their regulatory roles in the differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have so far been poorly defined. We isolated and cultured human MSCs and osteo‐differentiated MSCs from four individual donors. miRNA expression in MSCs and osteo‐differentiated MSCs was investigated using miRNA microarrays. miRNAs that were commonly expressed in all three MSC preparations and miRNAs that were differentially expressed between MSCs and osteo‐differentiated MSCs were identified. Four underexpressed (hsa‐miR‐31, hsa‐miR‐106a, hsa‐miR‐148a, and hsa‐miR‐424) and three novel overexpressed miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐30c, hsa‐miR‐15b, and hsa‐miR‐130b) in osteo‐differentiated MSCs were selected and their expression were verified in samples from the fourth individual donors. The putative targets of the miRNAs were predicted using bioinformatic analysis. The four miRNAs that were underexpressed in osteo‐differentiated MSCs were predicted to target RUNX2, CBFB, and BMPs, which are involved in bone formation; while putative targets for miRNAs overexpressed in osteo‐differentiated MSCs were MSC maker(e.g., CD44, ITGB1, and FLT1), stemness‐maintaining factor(e.g., FGF2 and CXCL12), and genes related to cell differentiation(e.g., BMPER, CAMTA1, and GDF6). Finally, hsa‐miR‐31 was selected for target verification and function analysis. The results of this study provide an experimental basis for further research on miRNA functions during osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1844–1856, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic implication of ezrin expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xie Jian‐Jun , Xu Li‐Yan , Wu Zhi‐Yong , Zhao Qing , Xu Xiu‐E , Wu Jian‐Yi , Huang Qiao , Li En‐Min 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEzrin, a member of the ezrin–radixin–moesin family, was implicated in tumor progression, metastatic dissemination, and adverse outcomes in several cancer types, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical significance of ezrin expression in ESCC.MethodsEzrin expression was detected on tissue microarrays of ESCC samples in 307 cases using immunohistochemical staining. Survival analysis was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier analysis. Relative risk was evaluated by the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThe staining pattern of ezrin was heterogeneous and varied from negative/weakly to intense expression in a cytoplasmic distribution. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that ezrin expression was related to poor overall survival of ESCC patients (P = 0.023). Further analysis revealed that ezrin expression was associated with the survival in the cases of stage III/IV (P = 0.002); but did not influence the survival in the patients of stage I/II. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that ezrin was an independent factor in prognosis of ESCC (P = 0.011).ConclusionsEzrin might be a new molecular marker to predict the prognosis of ESCC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:538–543. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Over‐expression of LAPTM4B is associated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in stages III and IV epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Yin Mingzhu , Li Cong , Li Xia , Lou Ge , Miao Bing , Liu Xiaodong , Meng Fanling , Zhang Haiyu , Chen Xiuwei , Sun Meng , Ling Qiu , Zhou Rouli 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine whether LAPTM4B over‐expression is associated with the prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in patients with stages III and IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma, i.e., patients with peritoneal metastasis or lymph node metastasis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma.MethodsLAPTM4B expression was evaluated in 10 normal ovarian and 113 stages III–IV ovarian carcinomas specimens by Western blotting analyses and immunohistochemistry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between LAPTM4B expression and prognosis and the relationship between LAPTM4B over‐expression and chemotherapy resistance.ResultsWestern blotting analysis demonstrated that LAPTM4B was overexpressed in ovarian cancers, and immunohistochemistry results revealed that 80 patients were LAPTM4B over‐expression. The five‐year overall survival (OS) rates for patients with high LAPTM4B expression and low LAPTM4B expression were 27.36% and 90.7%, respectively (hazard ratio = 20.611, 95% CI: 5.916–71.808, P < 0.0001). The five‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) rate was 17.68% for patients in the high‐expression group and 84.42% for patients in the low‐expression group (hazard ratio = 17.852, 95% CI: 6.31–5.935, P < 0.0001); The presence of chemotherapy resistance was significantly associated with LAPTM4B expression (OR: 36.609, 95% CI: 4.737–282.941, P = 0.0006).ConclusionsLAPTM4B over‐expression is an independent factor in stages III–IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma prognosis and chemotherapy resistance, and it may be an important potential biomarker. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:29–36. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Antitumoral Activity of Gelatin/Polyoxometalate Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Rui , Cheng Yuan , Ding Dan , Li Xiaolin , Zhang Leyang , Jiang Xiqun , Liu Baorui 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSurfactant‐free gelatin/heptamolybdate (HM) hybrid nanoparticles are prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly approach utilizing the electrostatic interaction between anionic HM and the zwitterionic gelatin. The obtained nanoparticles have a tunable size and very high HM loading content up to about 70%. In vitro and in vivo experiments prove that the gelatin/HM hybrid nanoparticles exhibit significantly better antitumor activity than plain ammonium heptamolybdate solution. Therefore, the gelatin/HM hybrid nanoparticles reported here may serve as a prototype platform for polymer/polyoxometalate (POM) hybrid nanoparticles as cancer treatment agents and hence open up more opportunities to maximize the potential of POM‐based pharmaceutical agents. magnified image
Diels–Alder Reactions as an Efficient Route to High Purity Cyclic Polymers
Authors: Glassner Mathias , Blinco James P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA simple and efficient route for the synthesis of cyclic polymer systems is presented. Linear furan protected α‐maleimide‐ω‐cyclopentadienyl functionalized precursors (poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and subsequent substitution of the bromine end‐group with cyclopentadiene. Upon heating at high dilution, deprotection of the dieneophile occurs followed by an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction yielding a high purity cyclic product. magnified image
Preparation and Flame Retardancy Properties of Novel PA12 and PE/Layered Titanoniobates Nanocomposites
Authors: Chausson Sophie , Retoux Richard , Rueff Jean‐Michel , Le Pluart Loïc , Madec Pierre‐Jean , Jaffres Paul‐Alain , Camino Giovanni 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSummary: We report herein a study performed on a layered titanoniobate KTiNbO5 modified by octadecylamine to evaluate the fire retardancy properties of this novel hybrid nanofiller dispersed in PA12 and LLDPE, by polymer melt intercalation. The nanocomposites have been characterized using Electron Microscopy techniques to evaluate the degree of exfoliation and the morphologies. Thermogravimetric analyses and cone calorimeter tests have been carried out to assess the fire retardant performances.
γ‐Radiation Induced Functional Modification of Silica and Radiation Vulcanization of SBR‐Silica Composites
Authors: Dondi D. , Buttafava A. , Palamini C. , Pepori F. , Lostritto A. , Giannini L. , Nahmias M. , Conzatti L. , Faucitano A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSummary: The γ‐ray induced “grafting” of polybutadiene olygomers onto precipitated silica and the radiation induced crosslinking of the blends prepared with the modified silica in SBR matrices have been investigated in the dose range up to 290 kGy. Enhanced mechanical properties have been detected for the SBR blends containing the modified silica after γ‐ray induced crosslinking. The comparison with the analogue mixtures containing pristine silica, supported by EPR measurements, suggests that the PB coating is effective in enhancing the mechanism of formation of filler‐rubber chemical links.
Synthesis of Additives from Montmorillonite to Modify High Density Polyethylene Final Properties
Authors: Elena Monasterio Fernanda , Alberto Destéfanis Hugo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSummary: This work brings about the modification of sodium montmorillonite clay (MNa) by the cationic exchange with hexadecyltrimethylammonium to turn it into organophilic clay (MC16). Subsequently, MC16 was treated with silanes. Three silanes with functional groups of different chemical nature were used. The objective was to determine if the clay could affect high density polyethylene (HDPE) final behavior after being modified with each silane. The following silanes were used: Cl2Si(CH3)2, Cl2Si(CH3)(C6H5) and Cl2Si(C6H5)2. Finally, in situ hydrolysis was carried out to generate the respective siloxanes. These materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR and GPC analyses. Each one of these additives was mixed using melt compounding processing in a Haake torque rheometer Rheocord 9000 equipped with a mix chamber and roller rotors at 100 rpm and 190 °C. All hybrids were characterized by XRD, SEM and thermogravimetric analyses. Barrier properties to cyclohexane were also determined by pervaporation experiments. Results from all studies showed that the addition of approximately 3 wt% of clay has changed the macroscopic properties of the above‐mentioned composites, as compared with pure HDPE. This can be explained considering the different polymer/filler interactions which take place in each system.
Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Fullerene C60 Nanofillers
Authors: Zuev V.V. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSummary: The effect of fulleroids (fullerene C60, mixture of C60/C70 and fulleroids soot which used for fullerenes production) and carbon fillers (carbon black, graphite) on mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites based on reactoplasts (epoxy resins) and thermoplasts (polyamide‐12) was investigated. The nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. It was found that additives of these fillers did not influenced on the properties of reactoplasts. Therefore, the tensile modulus and tensile strength of thermoplast based polymer nanocomposites are improved by about 30‐40% with loading of 0.02‐0.08 fulleroids materials. Best results were obtained for a mixture of C60/C70.
Growth Response of Trichoderma Species to Organic Solvents
Authors: Oros Gyula , Naár Zoltán , Cserháti Tibor 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe growth response of 25 Trichoderma strains to 26 alkanols and 7 other organic solvents was examined in vitro. The sensitivity of strains considerably varied depending on their taxonomic position, thus the strains of Longibrachiatum section proved to be more tolerant than those of Pachybasium and Trichoderma sections.Significant relationship was revealed between structure of C1–C24 alkanols and their growth inhibitory effect to Trichodermas, both efficacy and selectivity of C1–C3 and C14–C24 alkanols failed off the C9–C11 alkanols. The non‐alkanol solvents tested were non‐toxic.The C8‐C11 alkanols used in agricultural practices exhibited noticeable toxicity to all Trichoderma strains, therefore pesticidal preparations containing these alkanols cannot be used simultaneously with Trichoderma based biopreparations.
CADASTER QSPR Models for Predictions of Melting and Boiling Points of Perfluorinated Chemicals
Authors: Bhhatarai Barun , Teetz Wolfram , Liu Tao , Öberg Tomas , Jeliazkova Nina , Kochev Nikolay , Pukalov Ognyan , Tetko Igor V. , Kovarich Simona , Papa Ester , Gramatica Paola 
Published: March 2011

AbstractQuantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) studies on per‐ and polyfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) on melting point (MP) and boiling point (BP) are presented. The training and prediction chemicals used for developing and validating the models were selected from Syracuse PhysProp database and literatures. The available experimental data sets were split in two different ways: a) random selection on response value, and b) structural similarity verified by self‐organizing‐map (SOM), in order to propose reliable predictive models, developed only on the training sets and externally verified on the prediction sets. Individual linear and non‐linear approaches based models developed by different CADASTER partners on 0D‐2D Dragon descriptors, E‐state descriptors and fragment based descriptors as well as consensus model and their predictions are presented. In addition, the predictive performance of the developed models was verified on a blind external validation set (EV‐set) prepared using PERFORCE database on 15MPand 25BPdata respectively. This database contains only long chain perfluoro‐alkylated chemicals, particularly monitored by regulatory agencies like US‐EPA and EU‐REACH. QSPR models with internal and external validation on two different external prediction/validation sets and study of applicability‐domain highlighting the robustness and high accuracy of the models are discussed. Finally,MPs for additional 303 PFCs andBPs for 271 PFCs were predicted for which experimental measurements are unknown.
Structural Bioinformatics Approach of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinases 1 and 3 Complexed with Inhibitors
Authors: Saraiva Lucas A. , Veloso Marcia P. , Camps I. , da Silveira Nelson J. F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe cyclin‐dependent kinases or CDKs participate in the regulation of both the cell progression cycle and the RNA polymerase‐II transcription cycle. In several human tumours deregulation of CDK‐related mechanisms have been detected, e.g., overexpression of cyclins or deletion of genes encoding for CKIs. Regarding these observations, CDKs came up to be interesting targets for elaboration of novel antitumour drugs. Based on the importance of the CDKs, this research aimed to describe, to characterize and to compare the molecular models of CDK1 and CDK3. Since the structures of human CDK1 and CDK3 are unavailable in the Protein Data Bank –PDB, homology models were created based on the CDK2 as the template, once they share a substantial identity. The structural studies of the CDK1 and CDK3 biding sites were conducted by molecular docking with 15 different CDK inhibitors previously identified to CDK2. This study allowed the understanding of the structure of the complexes between CDK1/ CDK3 with inhibitors. The knowledge of their structural features mainly the biding sites might be useful to discovery and rationalization of drug design process.
On the Use of Local and Global QSPRs for the Prediction of Physico‐chemical Properties of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers
Authors: Papa Ester , Kovarich Simona , Gramatica Paola 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent chemicals that have been among the most marketed flame retardants used all over the world in the last decades. PBDEs have been detected in all environmental compartments, as well as in humans and wildlife, where they are able to accumulate and exert their toxic effects. At present only a limited amount of experimental data is available to characterize the physico‐chemical and toxicological behavior of PBDEs and similar brominated flame retardants. QSA(P)R approaches are very useful tools to predict missing data starting from the chemical structure of compounds. In this study several local QSPR models, developed specifically for the prediction of logKoa, logKow and melting point of PBDEs, were compared with predictions by global QSPR models, such as KoaWIN, KowWIN and MPBPWIN from the EPI Suite package, and AlogP and MlogP from DRAGON software, which were trained on heterogeneous and large datasets. The analysis addressed in the paper supported the identification of points of strength and weaknesses of both local models, and global models. The results are relevant to support decisions made by general QSAR users and regulators, when they have to select and apply one of the analyzed models to predict properties for PBDEs.
Using Local Models to Improve (Q)SAR Predictivity
Authors: Buchwald Fabian , Girschick Tobias , Seeland Madeleine , Kramer Stefan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe present a novel (Q)SAR approach that detects groups of structures for local (Q)SAR modeling. The algorithm combines clustering and classification or regression for making predictions on chemical structure data. A clustering procedure producing clusters with shared structural scaffolds is applied as a preprocessing step, before a (local) model is learned for each relevant cluster. Instead of using only one global model (classical approach), we use weighted local models for predictions of query compounds dependent on cluster memberships. The approach is evaluated and compared against standard statistical (Q)SAR algorithms on various datasets. The results show that in many cases the application of local models significantly improves the predictive power of the derived (Q)SAR models compared to the classical approach, to models that are induced by a fingerprint‐based or a hierarchical clustering approach and to locally weighted learning.
Cross‐relaxation imaging of human articular cartilage
Authors: Stikov Nikola , Keenan Kathryn E. , Pauly John M. , Smith R. Lane , Dougherty Robert F. , Gold Garry E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this article, cross‐relaxation imaging is applied to human ex vivo knee cartilage, and correlations of the cross‐relaxation imaging parameters with macromolecular content in articular cartilage are reported. We show that, unlike the more commonly used magnetization transfer ratio, the bound pool fraction, the cross‐relaxation rate (k) and the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) vary with depth and can therefore provide insight into the differences between the top and bottom layers of articular cartilage. Our cross‐relaxation imaging model is more sensitive to macromolecular content in the top layers of cartilage, with bound pool fraction showing moderate correlations with proteoglycan content, and k and T1 exhibiting moderate correlations with collagen. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the cardinality constrained matroid polytope
Authors: Maurras Jean François , Stephan Rüdiger 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGiven a combinatorial optimization problem Π and an increasing finite sequence c of natural numbers, we obtain a cardinality constrained version Πc of Π by permitting only those feasible solutions of Π whose cardinalities are members of c. We are interested in polyhedra associated with those problems, in particular in inequalities that cut off solutions of forbidden cardinality. Maurras [9] and Camion and Maurras [1] introduced a family of inequalities, that we call forbidden set inequalities, which can be used to cut off those solutions. However, these inequalities are in general not facet defining for the polyhedron associated with Πc. In [7] it was shown how one can combine integer characterizations for cycle and path polytopes and a modified form of forbidden set inequalities to give facet defining integer representations for the cardinality restricted versions of these polytopes. Motivated by this work, we apply the same approach to the matroid polytope. It is well known that the so‐called rank inequalities together with the nonnegativity constraints provide a complete linear description of the matroid polytope (see Edmonds [3]). By essentially adding the forbidden set inequalities in an appropriate form, we obtain a complete linear description of the cardinality constrained matroid polytope which is the convex hull of the incidence vectors of those independent sets that have a feasible cardinality. Moreover, we show how the separation problem for the forbidden set inequalities can be reduced to that for the rank inequalities. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for a forbidden set inequality to be facet defining. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011