bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Court’s Right to Moderate Administrative Penalty in Selected Central European Countries
Authors: Zakrenicnyj Nikolaj 
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the extent of a court’s authority to moderate[1] penalties imposed by administrative bodies in several Central European countries: the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, and Austria. The central goal is to investigate the legal frameworks within these nations and their relationship to Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights.The methodology employed involves a comparative analysis of legal provisions in the aforementioned countries concerning judicial review of administrative penalties. The study scrutinizes the differences in the legal approaches taken by these nations, highlighting the diverse methods used to address the court’s role in moderating administrative penalties. The investigation is grounded in the concept of full jurisdiction, emphasising the right of individuals to have their cases thoroughly examined by a court, which also includes assessing the legality, merit, appropriateness, and proportionality of the penalties imposed.The findings reveal significant variations among the surveyed countries regarding the approach to judicial review of administrative penalties. These differences underscore the complex interplay between the executive and judiciary branches within legal systems, raising crucial concerns about principles such as legal certainty, proportionality, and the right to an effective remedy. The paper illuminates the varying degrees of court intervention in moderating administrative penalties across different legal contexts and makes a substantial academic contribution by shedding light on a relatively understudied aspect of administrative law within Central Europe. It provides valuable insights into how different legal systems address the delicate balance between executive power and judicial oversight, particularly in matters of administrative penalties.The study’s originality lies in its comparative approach, offering a nuanced understanding of the court’s role in moderating penalties and its implications for broader legal principles and human rights protection. Furthermore, the paper serves as a foundational resource for scholars and practitioners interested in exploring the origins and nuances of judicial moderation in administrative law, potentially inspiring further research and providing a schematic tool for navigating this complex legal terrain.

[1] The article uses the term ‘moderate’ as a verb in situations where a court, as defined in Article 6 paragraph 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights, is by law authorized to reduce the imposed administrative penalty at its discretion or to refrain entirely from imposing a penalty while reviewing an administrative decision. In such instances, we are not referring to court moderation wherein the court is the entity directly imposing the administrative penalty.
The Potential Impacts of Selecting Viable Oocytes on Further Embryonic Development in Mammals: A Review
Authors: Mohammed A.A. , Al-Suwaieg S. , AlGherair I. , Mohammed A. , Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2024

Selecting viable fully grown germinal and matured oocytes were positively effect on further embryonic development and live birth. The use of feed and hormonal supplementation and biotechnologies to enhance oocyte competence was evaluated. In addition, the oocytes were selected based on ovarian follicular stage, follicles and oocytes morphology, follicular fluid characters and gene expression. Changes were obtained in oocyte maturation, fertilization and further embryo cleavage and development over selecting viable oocytes. The larger follicle diameter, the translucent follicle and the higher blood supply the higher developmental competence of resulting oocytes. The higher surrounding cumulus cells and homogeneity of cytoplasm the higher developmental competence of oocytes. In addition, oocytes obtained during luteal stage compared to those obtained during follicular phase were highly or comparably developed to embryos. Furthermore, follicular fluid characters and gene expression might predict the embryonic developmental competence of oocytes in addition to their viable staining with brilliant cresyl blue. In conclusion, the characters of ovarian follicles, oocytes, follicular fluid and gene expression have significant implications on further oocyte developmental competence in different mammalian species.
Digital Thermal Necrosis Resulting in Amputation After Removing a Tungsten Carbide Ring With a High-Speed Metal Burr
Authors: Quinto Ernesto S. , Dowbak John M. 
Published: May 2024

Case:
A 41-year-old man removed a tungsten carbide ring from his left index finger by cutting it off with a high-speed metal burr. The patient presented two days later with a pink and perfused left index finger with circumferential dry gangrene along the area of the ring, active flexor and extensor tendon excursion, and decreased sensation distally. Within 24 hours, the wound developed into wet gangrene and diffuse cyanosis requiring amputation.

Conclusion:
After reviewing previously documented methods to remove tungsten carbide rings, the authors conclude clinicians should be cognizant of the potential complications associated with the use of a high-speed metal burr.
An Upper-Arm Clostridium perfringens Fracture-Related Infection
Authors: Lamut Anže , Roškar Samo , Mihalič Rene , Trebše Rihard 
Published: May 2024

Case: A 64-year-old male patient sustained a fracture of the humeral diaphysis on falling from a bicycle. During surgery, pus drainage from the intramedullary canal indicated infection, and cultures were positive for pansensitive Clostridium perfringens. After initial stabilization, imaging showed inadequate fragment contact, leading to referral to our bone infection unit. A revision surgery with plate osteosynthesis was performed. Intravenous and oral antibiotic therapy was administered. Oral antibiotics were continued until 12 weeks postoperatively. At the 26-month follow-up, the patient presented with a good functional outcome.

Conclusion:
Fracture-related infections (FRI) pose serious complications, requiring swift surgical intervention. Although C. perfringens infections in FRIs are rare and literature is scarce, this case highlights the successful management and good functional outcome, offering valuable insights for clinicians dealing with such infections.
One-day surgery: treatment of grade 3–4 hemorrhoids in a day patient department
Authors: Burikov M. A. , Kulikov A. G. , Savchenko S. V. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. “One-day surgery” expands the possibilities of providing surgical care in a polyclinic with hospitalization for just one day. This area of medicine allows you to use the most effective method of treating hemorrhoids in a polyclinic – the operation hemorrhoidectomy.Aim. To substantiate the effectiveness of performing hemorrhoidectomy surgery in patients with stage 3–4 hemorrhoids in a day hospital of a polyclinic under the program “One-day surgery” with accelerated recovery of patients.Materials and methods. The main principle for performing hemorrhoidectomy surgery in a day hospital is a careful selection of patients. Closed hemorrhoidectomy with restoration of the anal canal mucosa (by Parks – Milligan – Morgan’s in the second modification of the State Research Center of Coloproctology) under spinal or general anesthesia is the surgery of choice for hemorrhoids treatment in the day patient department of a clinic. 138 surgeries were performed in the day patient department during 2 years and 10 months. After surgery, patients were placed in the surgical day-patient department wards for 3–5 hours until full activation. Then they were allowed to go home without being accompanied by a medical worker. The satisfaction of patients with the program was analyzed by a survey with a 5-point scale.Results. The timing of scheduled operations for patients has been shortened. The number of complications after hemorrhoidectomy in the early postoperative period was decreased, without long-term postoperative complications. The treatment of such patients in the surgical day-patient department demonstrated a good economic effect. The overall satisfaction with the one-day surgery program was very high (4.82). The results confirmed the effectiveness of this area of medicine.Discussion. Our experience of performing hemorrhoidectomy operations in a day surgical hospital for 3 years confirms the existence of a number of advantages over treating patients in a 24-hour hospital.Conclusions. The “One-day Surgery” and accelerated patient recovery programs expand the possibilities for treating patients with stage 4 hemorrhoids directly in the polyclinic, and thus reduce the burden on the surgical hospital.
Experts’ views on recurrence and progression of varicose veins
Authors: Bogachev V. Yu. , Alukhanyan O. A. , Vanyan G. N. , Markin S. M. , Artemova A. S. , Kravtsov P. F. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Despite modern advances in technologies for the treatment and prevention of varicose veins, there is currently no radical treatment for varicose veins. The probability of recurrence of dilated veins, according to various authors, ranges from 5 to 70%. Along with the well-established concept of recurrence of varicose veins, the term progression of varicose veins is increasingly common in everyday life.Aim. To study the current understanding of the term relapse and the practical attitude of specialists involved in the treatment of varicose veins to it.Material and methods. In 2023, a survey of 117 specialists on the recurrence/progression of varicose veins was conducted. The respondents were doctors involved in the treatment of varicose veins: vascular surgeons 22.4%, phlebologists 50%, general surgeons 19.8%, specialists in ultrasound/functional diagnostics 7.8%, X-ray endovascular surgeon 0.85%. The questionnaire included 18 questions regarding the frequency of visits of patients with relapse/progression of varicose veins; views on tactics, as well as the attitude of specialists to the issue of progression and recurrence of varicose veins in patients after its surgical treatment.Results and discussion. The concept of recurrence and progression of varicose veins among specialists dealing with this pathology is not always comparable. There are differences in views both on the predisposing factors for the recurrence of dilated veins, and, accordingly, on the tactics of treatment and preventive measures. In some cases, according to statistics, they are due to specialization.Conclusions. The incidence of relapse and progression at the reception of the respondents has a slight difference. Despite the fact that there are opinions that do not correspond to generally accepted and abhorrent collegiality, mostly specialists try to separate these concepts, see differences in provoking factors and, accordingly, in recommendations.
فضل الذكر في تنوير السالكين وترغيب الطالبين عبد الكريم بن ولي الدين بن يوسف القره حصاري (رحمه الله) (ت1100هــ) دراسة وتحقيق وتعليق
Authors: فاتح كيلان محمد , حماده الجبوري عـــــدي جاسم 
Published: May 2024

إن أشرف العلوم بعد القران هو حديث رسول الله r , وأعظم القربات الى الله بعد كتابه, هي إن يتقرب العبد بخدمة سنة النبي r , فقد هيا الله من هذه الامة رجالا من اهل العلم حفظ الله بهم السنة , ، والذي يعد من كبار الأئمة عبد الكريم بن ولي الدين في التخريج والشرح والتوضيح , فقد كان من اكثرهم تصنيفا , وكان من الأئمة الذين جمعوا بين فنون الشريعةِ الغراء ومنها علمُ الفقهِ وعلمُ الحديث وغيرها , وقد كان عبد الكريم بن ولي الدين "رحمه الله تعالى" موافق في اغلب احكامه لأئمة النقاد من العلماء , وفي هذا المقام من هذا البحث درست المخطوط للامام "رحمه الله تعالى" في الدراسة, حسب اصول البحث العلمي .
وختاماً الصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد " صلى الله عليه وسلم " .
الِّرضا الوظيفيِّ لدى مدرِّسي المدارسِ الحكوميَّةِ لِلْمتفوّقينَ والمتفوّقاتِ (محافظةُ صلاح الدين انموذجًا)
Authors: احمد الغنام قيس طه , أُبَيّ رعد أمال جوزيف 
Published: May 2024

استهدف البحث التعرّف على الرضا الوظيفي لدى مدرسي المدارس الحكومية للمتفوقين والمتفوقات، وفقاً للمتغيرات : الجنس (ذكور- إناث)، والتخصص (علمي – إنساني)، وعدد (سنوات الخدمة).
تألّفت عيّنة البحث الأساسية من (119) مدرسا ومدرسة اختُيروا بالطريقة العشوائية الطبقية من مدارس تربية محافظة صلاح الدين ، وبلغ عددها (4) مدارس بواقع (2) في مركز محافظة صلاح الدين و(2) في قضاء سامراء، ثم سُحبت عيّنة منتظمة من جميع المدارس ، ولتحقيق هدف البحث اعتمد الباحثان على أداة جاهزة لقياس الرضا الوظيفي المعدّ من قبل (عباس, 2021 ) ، ومكوّن من (22) فقرة ذات بدائل خمس (موافق بدرجة كبيرة ,موافق ,محايد , معارض ,معارض بدرجة كبيرة ) ، موزعة على (5) أبعاد ، وقد تحقّق الباحثان من الصدق الظاهري للأداة بعرضها على مجموعة خبراء مؤلفة من الأساتذة المتخصصين في العلوم التربوية والنفسية ، كما تحقّق من ثبات الأداة بطريقتين ؛ الأولى: باستخدام معادلة ألفا- كرونباخ ، والثانية بطريقة إعادة الاختبار ، إذ بلغت قيمة معامل ارتباط بيرسون. وعولجت البيانات إحصائيا باستخدام الحقيبة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) والتي تضمنت مجموعة من الوسائل الإحصائية منها معامل ارتباط بيرسون ، والاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة ، والاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين.
فاعلية برنامج تربوي في خفض السلوك العدواني وزيادة مستوى الدافعية للتعلم عند عينة من طالبات المرحلة الثانوية
Authors: زكي  الجبوري ختام كامل 
Published: May 2024

هدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على فاعلية برنامج تربوي في خفض السلوك العدواني وزيادة مستوى الدافعية للتعلم عند عينة من طالبات المرحلة الثانوية. وقد تكون مجتمع البحث من (120) طالبة من طالبات الصف الخامس علمي .ومن خلال تطبيق مقياس السلوك العدواني ومقياس تدني الدافعية تم اختيار عينة البحث (20) طالبة ممن حصلن على اعلى الدرجات على مقياس السلوك العدواني ومقياس تدني الدافعية واستخدم في البحث مجموعه من الوسائل الإحصائية الملائمة لإجراءات البحث منها الوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري والاختبار التائي (T -test) وقد توصل البحث الى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين درجات المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة على مقياس السلوك العدواني ومقياس دافعية التعلم ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية وهذا يدل على فاعلية البرنامج وينسجم مع نتائج بعض الدراسات ذات العلاقة وفي ضوء ذلك قدمت بعض الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات .
PERUNDUNGAN SIBER SEBAGAI PRAKTIK KEJAHATAN BERBAHASA DALAM AKUN INSTAGRAM PUAN MAHARANI
Authors: Eliya Ixsir , Santoso Anang , Taufiqurrahman Febri 
Published: May 2024

Cyberbullying can be experienced by anyone, including one Indonesian female politician, namely Puan Maharani. This study aims to describe the forms and patterns of cyberbullying as a practice of language crimes against Puan Maharani on Instagram and to describe the legal potential for cyberbullying. This research uses a qualitative approach with a forensic linguistic. The data were collected using documentation technique and analyzed using Milles & Huberman analysis model on the utterances indicated to contain language crime practices. The results of the study show that in the accounts of Indonesian female politicians, namely Puan Maharani, there are comments that contain cyberbullying as a practice of language crimes. The forms of bullying are flaming, harassment, and denigration. The cyberbullying carried out by netizens, even though it contains elements of insult and defamation, cannot be prosecuted. This is because bullying on social media is a complaint offense so if a party feels aggrieved and reports it to the police, then the case can be legally processed.Perundungan siber dapat dialami oleh siapa saja, termasuk salah satu politikus perempuan Indonesia, Puan Maharani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dan pola perundungan siber sebagai praktik kejahatan berbahasa terhadap Puan Maharani di Instagram serta mendeskripsikan potensi hukumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan ancangan linguistik forensik. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik dokumentasi dan dianalisis dengan model analisis Milles & Huberman pada tuturan yang terindikasi mengandung praktik kejahatan berbahasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam akun Puan Maharani terdapat komentar-komentar yang mengandung perundungan siber sebagai praktik kejahatan berbahasa. Bentuk perundungannyanya berupa flaming, harassment, dan denigration. Perundungan siber yang dilakukan oleh warganet tersebut walaupun mengandung unsur penghinaan dan pencemaran nama baik, tetapi tidak dapat diproses hukum. Hal ini dikarenakan perundungan di media sosial merupakan delik aduan sehingga apabila ada pihak yang merasa dirugikan dan melapor kepada polisi, baru kasus tersebut dapat diproses secara hukum.
EKSPLOITASI BUNYI BAHASA PADA SUSASTRA RANGGAWAR-SITA SEBAGAI CITRA PEMIKIRAN MASYARAKAT JAWA
Authors: Nurnaningsih NFN , Wibowo Prasetyo Adi Wisnu 
Published: May 2024

The unique use of language sounds adorns Raden Ngabei Ranggawarsit's literature. The purpose of this research is to find and describe the reflection of the mindset of the Javanese people which is hidden in the peculiarities of exploiting the sounds of language contained in Ranggawarsita's creations. The theory used in this research includes stylistics, language style, diction, physical structure and inner structure of poetry and rhyme/purwakanthi. This research includes descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research uses the data about language, such as words, phrases, sentences or larik (arrays) of words related to distinctive sounds in Ranggawarsita's Literature. The data source in this research are four Javanese literary libraries entitled Jaka Lodhang, Kalatidha, Sabdatama, and Serat Sabdajati. Data collection was carried out using content analysis techniques. The data analysis technique used was data reduction, data presentation and then conclusions were drawn. The result of this research is the distinctive style of language sound exploitation in Ranggawarsita's literature is an image of Ranggawarsita's mindset or point of view towards the Javanese society towards God the Creator of the world and its contents. The expression that is hidden in the use of language actually reflects local wisdom, mindset, perspective of the life of the Javanese people towards the Supreme Creator (God) as well as the universe (the world of microcosm and macrocosm).Keunikan pemanfaatan bunyi-bunyi bahasa menghiasi susastra Raden Ngabei Ranggawarsita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan serta memerikan cerminan pola pikir masyarakat Jawa yang tersembunyi pada kekhasan eksploitasi bunyi-bunyi bahasa yang termuat di serat-serat ciptaan Ranggawarsita. Teori yang dipakai dalam penelitian meliputi stilistika, gaya bahasa, diksi, struktur fisik dan struktur batin puisi dan rima/purwakanthi. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Data penelitian menggunakan data kebahasaan, seperti kata-kata, frasa, kalimat atau larik kata yang berkaitan dengan bunyi-bunyi yang khas di dalam serat hasil kreasi pikir Ranggawarsita. Sumber data penelitian yaitu empat pustaka susastra berbahasa Jawa berjudul Jaka Lodhang, Kalatidha, Sabdatama, dan Sabdajati. Pengumpulan berbagai data dilakukan dengan teknik content analysis. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi mereduksi setiap temuan data, membuat penyajian setiap data, dan menyajikan simpulan yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemenarikan style setiap eksploitasi satuan kemerduan bunyi kata di dalam karya hasil kreatif Ranggawarsita merupakan citra pola pikir atau kaca pandang Ranggawarsita sebagai orang Jawa kepada Tuhan Pencipta dunia beserta isinya. Ekspresi yang tersembunyi pada pendayagunaan bahasa sebenarnya mencerminkan kearifan lokal, pola pikir, kaca pandang hidup suku bangsa Jawa kepada Khaliqnya juga alam semesta (dunia alam raya seisinya maupun diri pribadi).
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEMONSTRATIVES IN SASAK AND CHINESE
Authors: Sutarman NFN , Abdussamad Zainudin , Muhid Abdul , Supatmiwati Diah , Suktiningsih Wiya 
Published: May 2024

Demonstratives in Chinese and Sasak languages have semantically and syntactically significant different concepts. Semantically, The Chinese language applies a two-way system consisting of proximal ‘zhe/zh’e and distal ‘na/nei’while Sasak language particularly the Menu-Meni dialect uses a three-way system including proximal‘ne’, medial‘tie’, and distal‘nu’. Syntactically, demonstrative in Chinese is categorized into five subtypes: pronominal, adnominal, locational, temporal, manner, and degree. Sasak, on the other hand, includes pronominal, adnominal, identificational, adverbial, verbal, quantificational, and referential. This paper shows that the Chinese and Sasak languages has semantically similar in the concept of proximity and different in medial and distal one. Syntactically, these languages have nominal and adverbial demonstrative which share similar properties but differ in other demonstrative categorizations. Demonstratif dalam bahasa Cina dan bahasa Sasak memiliki perbedaan konsep yang signifikan secara semantik dan sintaksis. Secara semantik, bahasa Cina menerapkan sistem dua arah yang terdiri dari proksimal 'zhe/zh'e dan distal 'na/nei' sedangkan bahasa Sasak khususnya dialek Menu-Meni menggunakan sistem tiga arah meliputi proksimal 'ne', medial 'tie', dan distal 'nu'. Secara sintaksis, demonstratif dalam bahasa Cina dikategorikan menjadi lima subtipe: pronominal, adnominal, locational, temporal, Manner, dan degree. Sasak, di sisi lain, memiliki pronominal, adnominal, identificational, adverbial, verbal, Quantifier, referential. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Cina dan bahasa Sasak secara semantik memiliki kesamaan dalam konsep proximity dan berbeda dalam konsep medial dan distal. Secara sintaksis, bahasa-bahasa ini memiliki demonstratif nominal dan adverbial dengan ciri yang sama tetapi berbeda dalam kategorisasi demonstratif lainnya.
PEMANFAATAN LIDAH BUAYA SEBAGAI KOAGULAN PADA PENJERNIHAN AIR
Authors: Maulana Firman , Azhari Azhari , Ishak Ishak , Zulnazri Zulnazri , Sulhatun Sulhatun 
Published: May 2024

Koagulan adalah suatu material yang digunakan untuk mengikat partikel atau kotoran dalam air yang selanjutnya menjadi flokulan yang mengubah partikel tersebut terikat menjadi gumpalan dan mempunyai berbeda ukuran untuk mengendap. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti lidah buaya mampu menjadi biokoagulan, melihat pengaruh waktu reaksi dan karakteristik koagulan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi dosis koagulan dengan 0,2 ml, 0,4 ml dan 0,6 ml serta lama pengadukan yaitu 30, 45 dan 60 menit, dengan kecepatan pengadukan 30 rpm. Penelitian ini sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum pernah dilakukan adalah dengan mengggunakan lidah buaya sebagai koagulan pada penjernihan air. Air yang dimaksudkan untuk sanitasi dan higiene harus tersedia memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan yang meliputi kebutuhan fisik, biologis dan kimia. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengukuran pH, kekeruhan, kesadahan, suhu dan warna terbaik yaitu pada dosis 0,6 ml dengan lama pengadukan 60 menit. Nilai pH terbaik dari 7,8 menjadi 6,6. Nilai kekeruhan air yang terbaik dari 154,62 menjadi 42,894. Nilai kesadahan air dari 3,7548 ppm menjadi 0,2058 ppm. Suhu tidak ada perubahan dikarenakan tidak ada reaksi kimia yang cepat berlangsung, dan warna air berubah dari 178 menjadi 46. Sehingga dari semua hasil yang didapat pada penelitian diketahui bahwasanya variasi jumlah dosis gel lidah buaya yang digunakan dan lama pengadukan mempengaruhi hasil kadar koagulan yang dihasilkan. Semakin banyak massa yang digunakan maka semakin baik pH, kekeruhan, kesadahan, suhu dan warna yang dihasilkan.