bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PW01-128 - Abstinence From Alcohol In Relation To Mental Disorder And Personality Disorder: Results From A National Household Survey
Authors: Skogen J. , Mykletun A. , Ferri C. , Bebbington P. , Brugha T. , Coid J. , Meltzer H. , Stewart R. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe ‘sick-quitter’ hypothesis states that mental disorders associated with alcohol abstinence are accounted for by people who stop consuming alcohol because of poor health.AimsWe investigated the association between alcohol abstinence and symptoms of common mental disorder and personality disorder, distinguishing between lifelong abstinence and abstinence following previous consumption.MethodsAnalyses were based on the British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity 2000, which sampled 8580 residents aged 16 to 74 years. Heavy consumers of alcohol were excluded, using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Questionnaire. Symptoms of common mental disorder (depression/anxiety) were identified by the Clinical Interview Schedule. The screening questionnaire of the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II Personality Disorders was used to identify potential personality disorder. Self-reported alcohol abstinence was divided into lifelong abstinence and previous consumption. Previous consumers were asked why they had stopped. Covariates included socioeconomic status, social activity and general health status.ResultsAfter adjustment, alcohol abstinence was associated with both common mental disorder symptoms and any personality disorder, but only for previous consumers (respective odds ratios 1.70 (1.23-2.34) and 1.45 (1.09-1.94)). Associations were non-specific, being apparent for most individual mental disorder symptoms and personality disorder categories. More detailed analysis indicated that associations were limited to previous consumers who reported ceasing alcohol consumption for health reasons.ConclusionsThe results were consistent with the ‘sick-quitter’ hypothesis and should be taken into account when interpreting associations between moderate alcohol consumption and beneficial health outcomes.
PW01-129 - The Patient€S Perspective On Mental Health Care
Authors: Verhaak P. , van Beljouw I. , Prins M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo study patients’ preferences and evaluation of treatment and its consequences for outcome.MethodData come from 723 primary care patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of anxiety disorder and/or affective disorder. Patients were included in a primary care setting. During inclusion, patients’ psychiatric status was assessed with the CIDI, patients preferences for treatment were measured by the Perceived Need for Care Questionnaire and their evaluation of current treatment was assessed by the Quality of Care through the Eyes of the patient scale, designed for this study. Severity of depression and anxiety symptoms was assessed by the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS) respectively the Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI). After one year, these instruments were assessed again.ResultsPatients preferences and evaluation of care were related: patients whose preferences were met had a more positive evaluation of the psychiatric competence of the GP, GP's patient-centeredness, GP's attitude towards the patient, the quality of self help advices and the quality of information. However, patients whose preferences for treatment were met, showed no greater improvement after one year, compared with those whose preferences were only partly or not met. On the other hand, patients who evaluated different aspects of GPs care positively showed more improvement after one year than patients who evaluated these aspect neutral or negatively.ConclusionThe “match” between provider (GP) and patient appears to be more important than the content of interventions and patients’ preferences regarding these interventions.
PW01-130 - Effects Of Positive And Negative Affect And Emotional Suppression On Short-Term Life Satisfaction
Authors: Yamasaki K. , Sasaki M. , Uchida K. , Katsuma L. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesWe examined the effects of affect and emotional suppression (ES) on short-term life satisfaction (LS). In doing so, we considered the dimension of activation for positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA).MethodsThe final sample included the data collected from 398 students (184 men and 214 women). The mean ages were 19.15 yrs for men and 19.84 yrs for women. Participants answered six questionnaires two of which were used for another study. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was utilized for assessing activated PA and NA, two subscales of the Multiple Mood Scale to measure deactivated PA and NA, respectively, one subscale of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for gauzing ES, and the Short-term Life Satisfaction Scale for LS. All of them were Japanese versions, answered on the past week.ResultsResults showed that LS was positively associated with PA and negatively with NA, but that its positive association was stronger in activated PA than deactivated PA while its negative association was stronger in deactivated NA than activated NA. The interaction between deactivated NA and ES was significant in men, whose post-hoc tests suggested that deactivated NA was more negatively associated with LS when ES was higher.ConclusionThis study suggested that activated and deactivated affect differ in their relations to life satisfaction. Moreover, it is likely that the detrimental effect of NA on life satisfaction is larger when the expression of NA is more strongly suppressed.
PW01-131 - Predictive power on therapy engagement in personality disorders: SWAP- 200 versus SCID-II
Authors: Blueml V. , Loeffler-Stastka H. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionOn the road to DSM-V, instruments are demanded which provide clinically meaningful information, e.g. predictions about psychotherapy utilization. One interesting and promising personality assessment method is the Shedler-Westen-Assessment Procedure-200 (SWAP-200) providing dimensional and prototypical assessment possibilities for personalty disorders.ObjectivesThe study compares the predictive power of the Shedler-Westen-Assessment Procedure-200 with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV on engagement in (psychoanalytic) psychotherapy.Methods297 patients with personality disorders were assessed with both instruments in a 4-year-follow-up study. Multinomial logistic regression showed small differences between the prediction rates in the cross-validated data.ResultsBoth instruments showed clinically useful prediction rates for treatment rejecters: SWAP scales led to correct predictions with dysphoric traits as semi-stable predictors for rejecters, while SCID scales led to correct predictions with Negativistic, Depressive and Schizotypal PD as stable predictors.ConclusionsResults are discussed under the aspect of advantages and disadvantages of the SWAP-200 diagnostic procedure, which includes the assessment of affect-experience, defence-organisation, and object-relation-style.
PW01-135 - Usefulness Of Likert Format In Assessment Of Referential Thinking
Authors: Senín-Calderón M.C. , Rodríguez-Testal J.F. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Benítez-Hernández M.M. , Fuentes-Márquez S. , Valdés-Díaz M. 
Published: June 2010

AntecedentsWe created an experimental adaptation of the REF scale (Lenzenweger et al., 1997), in a Likert format for discriminate between frequency and intensity of referential thinking (Rodríguez-Testal et al., 2008).Objectives and hypothesesWe try to verify if the Likert format of the REF discriminates between controls and patients, and also in patients with different diagnoses. We predict that there will be differences in frequency and intensity between patients and controls.MethodsParticipants: 108 subjects, 40 patients from a private center of clinical psychology, 55% women, mean age = 35.70 (SD = 12.42) and 68 controls selected from the normal population, 50% women, mean age = 36.35 (SD = 12.99).It was applied a cross design for a correlation method of comparison between groups. All the analysis were accepted at p< .05.ResultsNo differences in referential thinking between patients and controls with Likert format in frequency (t = 1.496, P = 1.14), although there were differences in intensity (t = 2.30, p =.023). No significant differences in referential thinking between types of diagnoses with the Likert format (X2 = 6.63, p =. 249).ConclusionsThe Likert format of the REF scale adequately discriminates between patients and controls in intensity but not in frequency. This format doesn't discriminate between different diagnoses. The Likert format induces and overestimates the response.
PW01-137 - A Model Of Accreditation Developed To Support Nhs Boards In Scotland Acheive Standards For Integrated Care Pathways For Mental Health
Authors: Thomson D. , McKechnie L. , Fleming M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveHaving been tasked with developing Standards for integrated care pathways for mental health (ICP), successfully publishing in 2007, NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (NHS QIS) now supports NHS Boards in developing and implementing these standards. Support is available via three National ICP Coordinators and local ICP facilitators.The main objective is for Boards to achieve ICP accreditation, resulting in demonstration of a robust and responsive mental health system through implementation of their local ICPs supporting continuous cycles of quality improvement embedded in a culture that ensures delivery of person-centred care and reflective practice.MethodsA model of and process for accreditation was developed considering: § Developing the project plan§ Reaching consensus on the goal of the accreditation initiative.§ Defining incentives for stakeholders in having ICPs accredited § Reviewing literature on existing accreditation systems in UK and internationally § Developing a range of options§ Carrying out an option appraisal§ Agreeing one preferred option § Obtaining NHS QIS and Scottish Government approval for preferred option§ Further development of support mechanisms and implementation of a longer term accreditation frameworkResultsA phased and incremental accreditation system was developed.The first phase - “foundation level” - focuses on ensuring that appropriate infrastructures are in place to support full ICP development and implementation in NHS Board.ConclusionsAll 14 NHS Boards in Scotland achieved foundation level accreditation.Reflection on this first phase are helping to inform NHS QIS on how best to structure future levels of accreditation and ongoing support over the next few years.
PW01-140 - Three Levels Of Rater Performance In Standardized Panss Training
Authors: Lo G. , Yavorsky W. , Opler M. , Defries A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThe importance of rater training for reliability and validity in clinical trials is well documented. In this study the authors examined data from several large training events that used standardized training procedures and raters with similar levels of education and experience to determine if there were any differences between rater performance at baseline (before training) and endpoint (after training) that emerge independent of these factors.MethodsResults from multiple training events held internationally were analyzed to determine if differences between baseline and endpoint scores were significant. Raters scored videotaped interviews of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).ResultsThree subgroups of raters emerge based on concordance with gold-standard ratings: raters that score high at baseline and endpoint; raters that score fair at baseline and good at endpoint; raters that do not appear to improve. For the stronger initial raters that continued to perform well after training there was a less substantial change (t(96)=2.953, p< .005) than those raters that did less well at baseline but improved after training (t(160)=4.037, p< .001).ConclusionWithin training groups there appear to be three groups of raters that emerge independently of rater qualification and training received: those that performed well initially and well at endpoint; another group that performed marginally at the beginning of training and showed improvement by the end; and a third group that did not improve as a result of training. Analysis of ICCs suggests targeted training for individuals that perform less well at baseline could be beneficial.
PW01-142 - Abnormal Amygdala Response In Women With Eating Disorder: A Fmri Study
Authors: Anta Tejado L. , Molina-Ruiz R. , Tajima-Pozo K. , Yus M. , Casado A. , Carrasco-Perera J.L. , Diaz-Marsá M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a neuroimaging technique increasingly used for both patient care and clinical research. This techniche provides a space-time high-resolution able to detect small changes in regional brain activation.Ojbectives: the aim of this study was to compare patterns of regional brain activation in patients with eating disorders (ED) and healthy volunteers during emotional stimulation.Materials and methodsA group of 13 young female ED outpatients was selected using DSM-IV criteria and 13 young healthy female volunteers with no significant differences in sociodemographic or environmental data. fMRI was used to examine the neural responses after visual stimulation with neutral and fearful images, taken from the IAPS (International Affective Picture System) and selected a region of interest (ROI) aproach to examine the function of the amygdala in emotional processing.Data processing and higher level analysis were carried out using FSL (fMRI's Software Library).ResultsED patients showed significantly greater rigth amygdala activation to the fearful images versus neutral images than healthy control subjects (p < 0.02)ConclusionA higher right amygdala response to processing of fearful stimuli was observed in ED patients compared to healthy volunteers. This emotional dysregulation in the affective response to unpleasant stimuli would correlate with a maladaptative response and therefore justify disruptive behaviours in this patients.
PW01-146 - Neuronal Correlates Of Working Memory Deficits In Patients With Schizophrenia And Their Relatives
Authors: Karch S. , Leicht G. , Giegling I. , Lutz J. , Kunz J. , Buselmeier M. , Hey P. , Jäger L. , Meindl T. , Pogarell O. , Hegerl U. , Rujescu D. , Mulert C. 
Published: June 2010

Studies of schizophrenia with functional MRI showed hyper- and hypoactivations in various brain regions including the prefrontal cortex. Functional abnormalities have also been reported in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients. The aim of this study was to examine working memory related brain functions in healthy subjects, schizophrenic patients and unaffected relatives and to determine the influence of psychopathology on these processes.A parametric n-back working memory task and functional MRI were used to examine 61 schizophrenic patients on antipsychotic medication, 11 nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients and a comparison group of 61 healthy subjects. The task difficulty was incrementally increased using a parametric task (0-back, 1-back, 2-back, and 3-back) to examine the relationship between working memory load, performance, and brain activity.The results indicated that during the attention task (0-back) behavioral responses of patients and healthy subjects hardly differed but BOLD responses were considerably enhanced in schizophrenic patients. With increasing task difficulty differences between groups in BOLD responses diminished whereas behavioral deficits of patients increased. The examination of attention-independent working memory-functions (2- vs. 0-back) produced hypoactivations in patients, especially in frontal, temporal and subcortical brain regions. Behavioral performance and neural responses of unaffected relatives of schizophrenic patients were intermediate between schizophrenic patients and controls indicating slight brain dysfunctions. In addition, compensatory strategies were demonstrated.These findings suggest that the genetic risk for schizophrenia is accompanied by neural inefficiency which is associated with cognitive deficits, especially in difficult tasks.
PW01-147 - Diminished Limbic Activation Associated With Face Perception In Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Kawasaki Y. , Furuichi A. , Nakamura K. , Takahashi T. , Suzuki M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe authors evaluated cerebral blood flow response in schizophrenia patients during face perception to test the hypothesis of diminished limbic activation related to emotional relevance of facial stimuli.MethodThirteen patients with schizophrenia and 17 comparison subjects viewed facial displays of happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, fear, and disgust as well as neutral faces using the Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion and Neutral Faces (Matsumoto and Ekman, 1988). Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal changes as the subjects alternated between tasks of discriminating sex with an interleaved reference condition.ResultsThe groups did not differ in performance on the task. Healthy participants showed activation in the bilateral fusiform gyrus, medial temporal structures, occipital lobe, and inferior frontal cortex relative to the baseline condition. The increase was greater these regions in the right hemisphere than those in the left hemisphere. In the patients with schizophrenia, minimal focal response in the right fusiform gyrus, medial temporal structures, and occipital lobe was observed for the facial perception task relative to the baseline condition. Contrasting patients and comparison subjects revealed voxels in the left medial temporal structures, occipital lobe in which the healthy comparison subjects had significantly greater activation.ConclusionsImpaired activation was seen in patients with schizophrenia for detection of facial attributes such as sex. Impairment in the medial temporal structure such as amygdale may lead to misunderstanding of social communication and may underlie difficulties in social adjustment experienced by people with schizophrenia.
PW01-152 - Altered Amygdala Volume In The Social Anxiety Spectrum
Authors: Machado-de-Sousa J.P. , Trzesniak C. , Freitas-Ferrari M.C. , Santos-Filho A. , Jackowski A. , Borduqui T. , Chagas M. , Hallak J. , Lacerda A. , Bressan R. , Crippa J. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe diagnostic boundaries of social anxiety disorder (SAD) are still controversial and recent evidence suggests that the condition could be better understood as a continuum of severity, rather than a strictly circumscribed entity. Current neuroanatomical theories on SAD support the involvement of limbic structures in its pathophysiology, with an emphasis on the amygdala. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis of volumetric alterations in the amygdala of subjects in different points of the social anxiety spectrum.MethodThe sample consisted of patients with generalized SAD (n=17), subthreshold SAD (increased social anxiety without avoidance; n=13), and healthy controls (n=15). Participants underwent structural magnetic resonance scans and the volume of the bilateral amygdala was manually determined.ResultsSignificantly greater volumes of bilateral amygdala were found in socially anxious individuals. Amygdala volumes of subthreshold SAD participants fell between the values found for generalized SAD and healthy controls.ConclusionsIndividuals suffering from SAD have greater amygdala volumes compared to controls and this difference seems to be in agreement with the theoretical conception of SAD as a severity continuum and not as a circumscribed nosological entity.
PW01-154 - Brain Activation During Irony Tasks In Euthymic Bipolar Patients - A Functional Mri Study Of Social Cognition
Authors: Simon M. , Varga E. , Hajnal A. , Orsi G. , Tényi T. , Fekete S. , Herold R. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesDeficits of social cognition are a relevant predictor of functioning and outcome. Several studies have found that euthymic bipolar patients perform worse in social cognition tasks than healthy controls. Some data show a higher relapse risk in bipolar patients with concomitant mentalization deficits. However, relatively little is known about the neurobiological base of these deficits.Methods12 euthymic bipolar I patients and 14 age- and IQ-matched healthy controls underwent event-related functional MRI study while performing 15 irony, and 15 control tasks (auditory stimulus) in the scanner. Both within group (irony versus control task) and random effects between group analyses were performed on fMRI data.ResultsBipolar patients were significantly compromised in their ability to appropriately answer irony tasks. Bipolar patients showed a reduced activation in right cingulate, right anterior paracingulate cortex, right precuneus, left superior parietal lobule, left hippocampus, left insula in comparison to healthy controls. However, bipolar patients brain activation was significantly increased in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and left secondary somatosensory cortex.ConclusionsThe findings of this neuroimaging study suggest that euthymic bipolar patients are restricted in their ability to mentalize fully. They show less activation in brain regions involved in mental imaginery, emotional processing and self-representation. Therefore, bipolar patients have difficulties in understanding others’ intentions and emotions, which impacts on interpersonal relationships and the functional outcome.
PW01-155 - Seasonal Alterations Of Serotonin-1a Receptor Binding In The Healthy Human Brain
Authors: Spindelegger C. , Stein P. , Wadsak W. , Fink M. , Mitterhauser M. , Moser U. , Savli M. , Mien L.-K. , Akimova E. , Hahn A. , Willeit M. , Kletter K. , Kasper S. , Lanzenberger R. ,   Functional Neurolmaging Group PET & fMRI
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesSerotonergic neurotransmission plays a key role in seasonal changes of mood and behaviour. Higher serotonin transporter availability in healthy human subjects in times of lesser light has been reported in recent studies. Furthermore, seasonal alterations of postsynaptic serotonin-1A receptors have been suggested by a recent animal study. Following that, this study aimed at identifying seasonal alterations of serotonin-1A receptor binding in the living human brain.MethodsThirty-six healthy, drug-naïve subjects were investigated using PET and the specific tracer [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635. Regional serotonin-1A receptor binding (5-HT1A BPND) was related to the individual exposure to global radiation. Furthermore, the subjects were divided into two groups depending on individual exposure to global radiation, and the group differences in regional 5-HT1A BPND were determined.ResultsCorrelation analysis controlled for age and gender revealed highly significant positive correlations between regional postsynaptic 5-HT1A BPND and global radiation accumulated for 5 days (r=.32 to .48, p=.030 to .002). Highly significant differences in 5-HT1A BPND binding between subjects with low compared to high exposure to global radiation were revealed (T=-2.63 to -3.77, p .013 to .001). 20% to 30% lower 5-HT1A BPND was found in the subject group exposed to lower amount of global radiation.ConclusionSeasonal factors such as exposure to global radiation influence postsynaptic serotonin-1A receptor binding in various brain regions in healthy human subjects. In combination with seasonal alterations in serotonin turnover and 5-HTT availability revealed in recent studies, our results provide an essential contribution of molecular mechanisms in seasonal changes of human serotonergic neurotransmission.