bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A HYBRID POPULATION OF NEPHROTOMA (DIPTERA: TIPULIDAE) FROM A CENTRAL TEXAS REFUGIUM
Authors: Oosterbroek Pjotr , Tangelder Ida R.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA discussion is presented about specimens that are morphologically intermediate between Nephrotoma ferruginea (Fab.) and N. suturalis suturalis (Loew). The specimens came from far outside the present ranges of these two species, namely Kerrville, Texas. It is concluded that the specimens might represent a population of hybrids. It is further estimated that the withdrawal of the parental species from central Texas could possibly have occurred a thousand years ago or earlier.
INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN NEW BRUNSWICK POPULATIONS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Boiteau Gilles , Parry R.H. , Harris C.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA study conducted between 1982 and 1985 established the presence of a limited number of populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), resistant to carbofuran in New Brunswick. Additional laboratory tests with two field-collected strains indicated that both were resistant to endosulfan; one strain also showed 43- and 37-fold levels of resistance to carbofuran and phosmet, respectively, and low-level (< 10-fold) resistance to permethrin, fenvalerate, disulfoton, and aldicarb. There has been no measurable spread of resistance.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OFPISSODESGERMAR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): SEASONALITY, MORPHOLOGY, AND SYNONYMY OFP.APPROXIMATUSHOPKINS ANDP.NEMORENSISGERMAR
Authors: Phillips Thomas W. , Teale Stephen A. , Lanier Gerald N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPissodes approximatusHopkins (1911) is a junior subjective synonym ofP.nemorensisGermar (1824). The conspecificity of these entities, traditionally considered distinct based only on distribution and slight morphological differences, is corroborated here with comparative studies of ecology, behavior, and morphology. When pheromone-baited traps were deployed during the spring (May–June) and fall (November–December) in several localities to examine seasonal activity, southern populations (P.nemorensis sensuHopkins) responded only in the fall and northern populations only in the spring, but a population in Virginia responded during both seasons. Laboratory studies found that individuals from five southern populations became reproductively mature under 16:8, 12:12, and 8:16 (L:D) photoperiods but weevils in a New York population did not mature under the 8:16 photoperiod. A two-species model based on strict seasonal isolation between northern and southern populations is rejected. Morphometrics revealed significant differences in six body dimensions and three morphometric ratios among 13 populations, but there was no geographic pattern of differences to suggest the existence of two species. Sexual dimorphism in rostrum length was most pronounced in southern populations but occurred in all five populations in which it was investigated. Examination of male and female genitalia revealed similar variation in northern and southern populations and conflicted with previously reported diagnostic differences. Our study and the results of earlier work lead us to conclude that the populations previously represented by the namesP.nemorensisandP.approximatuscomprise one widely distributed species and display intraspecific variation in life history and morphological characters.
A NEW SUBSPECIES, NEPHROTOMA LUNDBECKI ALEXANDERI, DESCRIBED FROM SOUTH OF THE MAXIMUM EXTENT OF THE LAURENTIDE ICE AND NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS FOR OTHER NEARCTIC NEPHROTOMA (DIPTERA: TIPULIDAE)
Authors: Oosterbroek Pjotr , Tangelder Ida R.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSubspeciation in the circumpolar Nephrotoma lundbecki is discussed for a population from south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, described here as N.l. alexanderi. For 18 nearctic Nephrotoma species new distribution records are presented, mainly from the northern Nearctic, adding considerably to our knowledge of the distribution of these species. Included is the second nearctic record of the palaearctic species Nephrotoma cornicina (L.).
REDEFINITION OFAMETROPROCTUS(ACARI: ORIBATIDA) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe oribatid mite genusAmetroproctus, soil and litter inhabitants in the desert, alpine, and montane regions of western North America, is discussed. Two subgenera are recognized,Ametroproctuss. str. andCoropoculia. Their respective type-species,A.oresbiosHiggins and Woolley andC.reticulataAoki and Fujikawa, are redescribed, and newly discovered immatures of both species are described. Four new species are proposed,A.(Ametroproctus) tuberculosus,A.(A.) aridus,A.(Coropoculia) beringianus, andA.(C.) canningsi. A new generic diagnosis is given, as well as a key to subgenera and species known from North America.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN ABUNDANCE, SEX RATIO, AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF CONNECTICUT RHAGIONIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Maier Chris T. , Webb Donald W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRhagionids were studied principally by capturing adults in emergence traps at Southington (1979) and in Malaise traps at Hamden (1980–1983) and Guilford, CT (1983–1985). Most captures ofChrysopilus rotundipennisLoew,C.thoracicus(Fabr.),Rhagio mystaceus(Say), andSymphoromyia hirtaJohnson occurred during a 2- to 5-week period. Mean capture dates for sexes differed significantly in only a few cases. Based on percentage of total captured,S.hirtaandR.mystaceusranked first and second at Hamden whereasC.rotundipennisandS.hirtahad these respective ranks at Guilford. The sex ratio ofC.ornatus(Say) adults in emergence traps did not depart significantly from 1.0, but most rhagionids captured in Malaise traps had skewed sex ratios. Based on percentage and quotient of similarity, faunas at Hamden and Guilford shared many species, but relative abundances of species common at one or both sites were very different. In this study, we found 14 rhagionid species, including 4 not previously recorded from Connecticut. A total of 16 species are now recorded from the state.
DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF GRASSHOPPER ASSEMBLAGES IN SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE
Authors: Capinera John L. , Thompson David C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGrasshopper assemblages inhabiting eight pastures of shortgrass prairie rangeland in northeast Colorado were studied for 4–6 years during a general increase and decrease in grasshopper abundance. Average densities increased 10-fold during a 3- to 4-year increase phase, with individual species and populations in separate pastures exhibiting greater or lesser changes. Asynchrony in grasshopper population characteristics was noted. The co-dominant species, Opeia obscura (Thomas) and Melanoplus gladstoni Scudder, exhibited similar trends in density, but M. gladstoni dominance, expressed as its proportion of the population, declined steadily relative to O. obscura. Subdominant species similarly were asynchronous. Species richness did not change during this cycle. Grasshopper densities and assemblage structure were not affected by rangeland management practices of fertilizer (nitrogen) and herbicide (atrazine) application.
SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING OF ADULT NORTHERN AND WESTERN CORN ROOTWORMS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: McAuslane H.J. , Ellis C.R. , Allen O.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThree sequential-sampling plans were developed for adult Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence and D. virgifera virgifera LeConte in field corn in southern Ontario. The distribution of both species was well approximated by the negative binomial distribution and obeyed Taylor’s power law. Two plans, following the methods of Kuno (1969) and Green (1970), estimated populations with predetermined precision. The third plan, based on Wald’s (1947) sequential probability ratio test, categorized populations relative to an economic threshold. Different sequential-sampling plans were constructed for 1st-year fields and for all other fields because the parameter k, measuring the extent of aggregation of the beetles, differed between these two classes of fields. Decision equations for Wald’s plan in 1st-year fields were: D1 = 0.98n − 17.75 and D2 = 0.98n + 13.82. Decision equations for 2nd-year or older fields were: D1 = 0.99n − 13.42 and D2 = 0.99n + 10.45. The use of Wald’s plan reduced the required sample size by 55% in 1st-year fields, and by 48% in all other fields. The savings associated with the other sequential-sampling plans were not significant.
EFFECT OF SUBLETHAL INFECTION LEVELS OF NOSEMA SP. ON THE PHEROMONE-MEDIATED BEHAVIOR OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Sweeney J.D. , McLean J.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWestern spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, adult males were observed in a wind tunnel for their response to synthetic sex pheromone and subsequently examined to determine their degree of infection with a microsporidian parasite, Nosema sp. A subsample of C. occidentalis was randomly selected and electroantennograms (EAG) of individual moths were measured for response to pheromone. The Nosema infection level ranged from 0 to 21.8 × 106 spores per milligram and was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of males wing-fanning, taking off, and flying upwind to contact the pheromone source. The level of Nosema infection and the amplitude of the antennal response (EAG) to pheromone were not significantly related. These results suggest that Nosema affects the response of C. occidentalis males to pheromone in some way other than directly reducing the sensitivity of the antennae. We hypothesize that sublethal infections of Nosema sp. may reduce mating success of the western spruce budworm in field populations.
THE PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA ASSOCIATED WITH SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS SPP.) IN MID-WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Sharkey M. , Arthur A. , Bisdee G. , Yoshimoto C. , Barron J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA key to the species of Hymenoptera that parasitize insects feeding on sunflower seed heads is presented. The data base for this work is from rearings done in mid-western Canada but the key should be reliable throughout North America. A discussion of each parasitoid, giving host records, distribution, references, and a morphological diagnosis, is presented. Finally, a list of all of the species of parasitic Hymenoptera associated with sunflower in North America is given including important references.
EFFECTS OF FENITROTHION INSECTICIDE ON INHABITANTS OF LEAVES OF THE PITCHER PLANT, SARRACENIA PURPUREA L.
Authors: Fairchild W.L. , Eidt D.C. , Weaver C.A.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBy injecting fenitrothion into fluid in leaves of pitcher plants, Sarracenia purpurea L., it was determined that the mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett), and the midge, Metriocnemus knabi (Coquillett), are under some risk from fenitrothion forest sprays at the rate of 210 g AI/ha. Wyeomyia smithii is slightly more susceptible than is M. knabi. Other leaf inhabitants, mites and rotifers, were not affected by initial concentrations of fenitrothion in the fluid (up to 9.6 μg/L) that did affect the mosquito and the midge.
AERIAL APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS AGAINST DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (McDUNNOUGH) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): I. IMPACT IN THE YEAR OF APPLICATION
Authors: Otvos I.S. , Cunningham J.C. , Friskie L.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFour 10-ha plots located in Kamloops Forest District, British Columbia, containing Douglas-fir trees infested with Douglas-fir tussock moth were aerially sprayed with nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Virtuss) in 1982 when most larvae were in the first instar. A dosage of 2.5 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per hectare was applied in an emulsifiable oil tank mix to one plot and the same dosage in an aqueous tank mix containing molasses was applied to a second plot. The remaining two plots were treated with dosages of 8.3 × 1010 and 1.6 × 1010 PIB per hectare, respectively, in the oil mix. The treatments were applied with a fixed-wing aircraft fitted with boom and nozzle equipment and calibrated to deliver 9.4 L/ha. A further four plots were selected as checks.Population reduction at 6 weeks post-spray (calculated using a modified Abbott’s formula) was 65% in the plot receiving the lowest dosage and from 87 to 95% in the remaining three plots. Incidence of virus infection, determined microscopically, peaked at 5–6 weeks post-spray with 85–100% of the larvae scored as positive. Levels of naturally occurring virus remained low in the check plots. Adult emergence from the pupae collected in the treated plots ranged from 4 to 19% and from 28 to 43% in the check plots. Reduction in egg-mass density attributed to the treatments was 97% in one plot, 99% in two others, and not determined for the fourth.A virus dosage of 8.3 × 1010 PIB per hectare, which is one-third of the previously recommended dosage, is adequate, and either tank mix is acceptable.
AERIAL APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS AGAINST DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (McDUNNOUGH) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): II. IMPACT 1 AND 2 YEARS AFTER APPLICATION
Authors: Otvos I.S. , Cunningham J.C. , Alfaro R.I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFollowing aerial application of a Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) product called Virtuss on four plots in 1982, observations were made to determine the impact of these treatments in 1983 and 1984. Treated plots as well as buffer zones between and adjoining the treated plots, and three of the four check plots established in 1982, were monitored. The NPV appeared to have spread from the treated plots to adjoining areas in 1982, effectively reducing the Douglas-fir tussock moth population. This observation suggests that a strategy of spraying alternate swaths of Douglas-fir tussock moth infested stands with this viral insecticide may effectively initiate an epizootic that would control the population at a reduced cost.A naturally occurring NPV epizootic decimated the Douglas-fir tussock moth population in the three check plots in 1983, but severe tree mortality occurred in two of these plots with 60 and 62% of sample trees dead in 1984. Light tree mortality was noted in 1984 in two of the four treated plots with 4 and 7% of sample trees killed. It is concluded that the virus treatments in 1982 were successful in preventing tree mortality.
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT OF EGGS AND LARVAE OF CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) AND SIMULATION OF ITS SEASONAL HISTORY
Authors: Régnière Jacques 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRelationships between temperature and development rates of eggs, overwintered second-instar larvae, and all larval stages of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) fed on artificial diet were determined. Egg development was observed at eight constant temperatures between 7 and 32°C. It was fastest at 30°C, and showed relatively little variability. The rate of emergence of overwintered second-instar larvae was observed at 10 constant temperatures between 4 and 33°C. Maximum development rates occurred at 30°C. Variability in emergence rates was large, but unimodal. Development rates of the second to sixth larval instars were measured at 10 constant temperatures between 7 and 36°C, and maximum rates were observed, again, at 30°C. Variability in the development rates of the larvae was large, with no correlations between the development rates of the various larval instars. The results of computer simulations of the insect’s seasonal history are presented and discussed.
WILD BEE POLLINATOR DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN ORCHARD AND UNCULTIVATED HABITATS IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Scott-Dupree Cynthia D. , Winston Mark L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWild bee pollinators were collected in tree-fruit orchards and uncultivated habitats in the Okanagan Valley. Higher abundance and diversity of wild bee pollinators were found at uncultivated sites than on tree-fruit crops. Wild bees were not abundant enough in orchard habitats to provide adequate tree-fruit pollination. Variable flower visitation patterns by polylectic bees in orchard and uncultivated habitats make it difficult to predict floral visitation patterns. Therefore, orchardists cannot rely on a substantial and predictable contribution to pollination of fruit crops by wild bee species. Research into the use of wild bees as managed pollinators for tree-fruit crops in the Okanagan Valley may have potential. Future studies should consider three wild bee species collected in Okanagan Valley orchards, Bombus terricola occidentalis Greene, Bombus bifarius nearcticus Handlirsch, and Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson, for pollination management.
LABORATORY FLOW-THROUGH BIOASSAYS OF FOUR FORESTRY INSECTICIDES AGAINST STREAM INVERTEBRATES
Authors: Poirier D.G. , Surgeoner G.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractContinuous-flow laboratory bioassays were used to assess the acute toxicities of four formulated insecticides to representative stream invertebrates. Toxicities (48-h LC50) ranged from 3.2 to 7.4 μg/L for permethrin, from 39 to 269 μg/L for fenitrothion, from 478 to 2863 μg/L for aminocarb, and from 99 to 492 μg/L for mexacarbate. Slopes of the probit lines were similar for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (fenitrothion, aminocarb, and mexacarbate), but slightly lower for permethrin. All test species responded to all of the insecticides at concentrations of 0.25 μg/L for permethrin, 10 μg/L for fenithrothion, and 25 μg/L for aminocarb and mexacarbate by drifting in the test chambers.
REVIEW OFSCHIZOPHRAGMAOGLOBLIN AND THE NON-AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OFSTETHYNIUMENOCK (HYMENOPTERA: MYMARIDAE)
Authors: Huber John T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStethyniumEnock, a mainly old world genus most of whose members occur in Australia, is redescribed based on study of the non-Australian species. The subgenusNeostethyniumOgloblin is removed fromStethyniumand given generic status. The namesS.faunumGirault andS.empoascaeSubba Rao are synonymized underS.triclavatumEnock. A lectotype is designated forS.triclavatum.Stethynium angustipennesp. n. is described.SchizophragmaOgloblin, formerly a subgenus ofPatasson, is redescribed as a genus.Anaphes bicolorDozier andStethynium annulatumDoutt are transferred toSchizophragma. The namesS.annulatumandS.nanaOgloblin are synonymized, respectively, underS.bicolorandS.parvulaOgloblin. Lectotypes are designated forS.bicolor(Dozier) andS.latipennis(Crawford). A provisional key to the species ofSchizophragmais presented.
NUMBER OF INSTARS OF LARVAE OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (F.) (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)
Authors: Whitfield G.H. , Richards K.W. , Kveder T.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe number of instars of larvae of the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), was determined by direct observation, frequency distribution plots, and linear regression of head-capsule measurements. For all three methods, developmental polymorphism was observed; larvae were grouped according to the number of instars. The majority of larvae (77%) had four larval instars and the remainder had five. Mortality of bee larvae, apparently a result of physical injury during measurement of head-capsule width, was high but results were based on data for 259 individuals that completed development to the prepupal (= pharate pupa) stage. Direct observation of larval moults was found to be the only accurate method for determining instar designation but analysis of head-capsule width did describe the number of instars present in a population and provided estimates of head-capsule width for each instar. A morphological key for separation among four instars is presented as a practical alternative for instar determination in field studies.
ADDITIONS TO THE SYSTEMATICS AND BIOLOGY OF THE CADDISFLY FAMILY UENOIDAE (TRICHOPTERA)
Authors: Wiggins Glenn B. , Erman Nancy A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA description is given for the male, female, and larva of Farula praelonga sp. nov. and for the female and larva of Neothremma genella Denning. Farula praelonga sp. nov. is distinctive in having an exceptionally long internal branch of segment X. The female of Neothremma genella is the only female yet known in that genus to have greatly reduced ventrolateral lobes of sternum IX. Modifications are made to the keys previously published for adults of Farula and Neothremma to incorporate this new information. These two species occur together in abundance; they are univoltine and have emergence periods 6 months apart.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (FAB.) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE), TO BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS.) VUILLEMIN (HYPHOMYCETE): INFLUENCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Authors: Marcandier S. , Khachatourians G.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn laboratory tests, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fab.) was susceptible to infection by Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin conidia. Infection occurred independently of the relative humidity (RH) (12, 33, 76, 100% RH). No significant difference was observed in the final percentage mortality of the treated grasshoppers and in the lethal times (LT50)(P > 0.05) under the RH conditions studied. However, the daily rate of mortality after treatment was higher at 76% RH than at 33% RH. High natural mortality occurred at 100% RH.At 100% RH, treatment with B. bassiana was associated with an outgrowth of microorganism that created septicemic conditions in the absence of the characteristic symptoms of mycosis. Below 100% RH, mycelial growth on cadavers was never observed, even though partial or total insect mummification occurred, and a pink body coloration on approximately 80% of the insects indicated Beauveria as the killing agent. Once transferred to 100% RH, no more than 5% of the treated grasshoppers exhibited external mycelial growth.The microenvironment at the cuticular level of the grasshopper allows expression of conidial pathogenicity regardless of ambient RH. Hence, together, these observations suggest the feasibility of field testing with B. bassiana as a bioinsecticide against M. sanguinipes in semi-arid climatic areas.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF ANAGRUS GIRAULTI CRAWFORD (HYMENOPTERA: MYMARIDAE) REARED FROM EGGS OF THREE DIFFERENT CICADELLID HOSTS
Authors: Meyerdirk Dale E. , Moratorio Mario S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMorphometric analysis was studied on the measurements of the forewings, ovipositor, hind tibia, and antenna of female Anagrus giraulti Crawford reared from the following hosts: Circulifer tenellus Baker, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and Scaphytopius nitridus (DeLong). Results showed that A. giraulti emerging from E. fabae had significantly shorter antennal segments, ovipositor, and tibia III than those reared from the other two host species. Host eggs of C. tenellus produced female A. giraulti with significantly longer wing lengths than did the other two species and wider wing widths than did E. fabae.