bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of blocking layers based on TiO2 and ZnO prepared via direct current reactive magnetron sputtering on DSSC solar cells
Authors: Sibiński Maciej , Sawicka-Chudy Paulina , Wisz Grzegorz , Gnida Paweł , Schab-Balcerzak Ewa , Wal Andrzej , Yavorskyi Rostyslav , Cholewa Marian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe optimization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) technology towards suppressing charge recombination between the contact and the electron transport layer is a key factor in achieving high conversion efficiency and the successful commercialization of this type of product. An important aspect of the DSSC structure is the front blocking layer (BL): optimizing this component may increase the efficiency of photoelectron transfer from the dye to the semiconductor by reduction charge recombination at the TiO2/electrolyte and FTO/electrolyte interfaces. In this paper, a series of blocking layer variants, based on TiO2 and ZnO:TiO2, were obtained using the reactive magnetron sputtering method. Material composition, structure and layer thickness were referred to each process parameters. Complete DSSCs with structure FTO/BL/m-TiO2@N719/ EL-HSE/Pt/FTO were obtained on such bases. In the final results, verification of opto-electrical parameters of these cells were tested and used for the conclusions on the optimal blocking layer composition. As the conclusion, application of blocking layer consists of neat TiO2 resulted in improvement of device efficiency. It should be noted that for TiO2:ZnO/CuxO and TiO2/CuxO cells, higher efficiencies were also achieved when pure TiO2 was used as window layer. Additionally it was proven that the admixture of ZnO phase inspires Voc and FF growth, but is overall unfavorable compared to pristine TiO2 blocking layer and the reference cell, according to the final cell efficiency.
High fat diet ameliorates mitochondrial cardiomyopathy in CHCHD10 mutant mice
Authors: Southwell Nneka , Manzo Onorina , Bacman Sandra , Zhao Dazhi , Sayles Nicole M , Dash Jalia , Fujita Keigo , D’Aurelio Marilena , Di Lorenzo Annarita , Manfredi Giovanni , Kawamata Hibiki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMutations in CHCHD10, a mitochondrial protein with undefined functions, are associated with autosomal dominant mitochondrial diseases. Chchd10 knock-in mice harboring a heterozygous S55L mutation (equivalent to human pathogenic S59L) develop a fatal mitochondrial cardiomyopathy caused by CHCHD10 aggregation and proteotoxic mitochondrial integrated stress response (mtISR). In mutant hearts, mtISR is accompanied by a metabolic rewiring characterized by increased reliance on glycolysis rather than fatty acid oxidation. To counteract this metabolic rewiring, heterozygous S55L mice were subjected to chronic high-fat diet (HFD) to decrease insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake and enhance fatty acid utilization in the heart. HFD ameliorated the ventricular dysfunction of mutant hearts and significantly extended the survival of mutant female mice affected by severe pregnancy-induced cardiomyopathy. Gene expression profiles confirmed that HFD increased fatty acid utilization and ameliorated cardiomyopathy markers. Importantly, HFD also decreased accumulation of aggregated CHCHD10 in the S55L heart, suggesting activation of quality control mechanisms. Overall, our findings indicate that metabolic therapy can be effective in mitochondrial cardiomyopathies associated with proteotoxic stress.
Exploring Health-Related Social Needs and Components of Social Competence Following Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Dart Libby , Ciccia Angela 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
Health-related social needs (HRSNs) impact general health care and educational outcomes for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their families. Furthermore, children with TBI of all severities experience negative social competence outcomes chronically postinjury. However, studies have not investigated the relationship between HRSNs and social competence outcomes for children after TBI. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between HRSNs and components of social competence (i.e., social skills, social communication, family functioning, and behavioral domains per the biopsychosocial framework for social competence) for children with TBI, per parent report.

Method:

This study used a prospective, cross-sectional study design with a convenience sample. Online surveys were completed by parents of children with TBI (
N
= 22). On average, children with TBI were 4.84 years old at the time of their TBI and 9.24 years old at the time of study participation.

Results:
Having a parent identify an HRSN in the domain of mental health was associated with social communication and family functioning difficulties for children with TBI. Statistically significant relationships were found between social communication and family functioning, externalizing behavior, and total behavior; family functioning and social relations; and family functioning and externalizing behavior.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study support that children with TBI experience chronic deficits in components of social competence, and HRSNs are associated with these outcomes. Further research needs to consider HRSNs to improve equitable prevention, supports, and services for children with TBI.
Residual multimodal Transformer for expression‐EEG fusion continuous emotion recognition
Authors: Jin Xiaofang , Xiao Jieyu , Jin Libiao , Zhang Xinruo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractContinuous emotion recognition is to predict emotion states through affective information and more focus on the continuous variation of emotion. Fusion of electroencephalography (EEG) and facial expressions videos has been used in this field, while there are with some limitations in current researches, such as hand‐engineered features, simple approaches to integration. Hence, a new continuous emotion recognition model is proposed based on the fusion of EEG and facial expressions videos named residual multimodal Transformer (RMMT). Firstly, the Resnet50 and temporal convolutional network (TCN) are utilised to extract spatiotemporal features from videos, and the TCN is also applied to process the computed EEG frequency power to acquire spatiotemporal features of EEG. Then, a multimodal Transformer is used to fuse the spatiotemporal features from the two modalities. Furthermore, a residual connection is introduced to fuse shallow features with deep features which is verified to be effective for continuous emotion recognition through experiments. Inspired by knowledge distillation, the authors incorporate feature‐level loss into the loss function to further enhance the network performance. Experimental results show that the RMMT reaches a superior performance over other methods for the MAHNOB‐HCI dataset. Ablation studies on the residual connection and loss function in the RMMT demonstrate that both of them is functional.
Join multiple Riemannian manifold representation and multi‐kernel non‐redundancy for image clustering
Authors: Zhang Mengyuan , Liu Jinglei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImage clustering has received significant attention due to the growing importance of image recognition. Researchers have explored Riemannian manifold clustering, which is capable of capturing the non‐linear shapes found in real‐world datasets. However, the complexity of image data poses substantial challenges for modelling and feature extraction. Traditional methods such as covariance matrices and linear subspace have shown promise in image modelling, and they are still in their early stages and suffer from certain limitations. However, these include the uncertainty of representing data using only one Riemannian manifold, limited feature extraction capacity of single kernel functions, and resulting incomplete data representation and redundancy. To overcome these limitations, the authors propose a novel approach called join multiple Riemannian manifold representation and multi‐kernel non‐redundancy for image clustering (MRMNR‐MKC). It combines covariance matrices with linear subspace to represent data and applies multiple kernel functions to map the non‐linear structural data into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space, enabling linear model analysis for image clustering. Additionally, the authors use matrix‐induced regularisation to improve the clustering kernel selection process by reducing redundancy and assigning lower weights to identical kernels. Finally, the authors also conducted numerous experiments to evaluate the performance of our approach, confirming its superiority to state‐of‐the‐art methods on three benchmark datasets.
Object recognition based on shape interest points descriptor
Authors: Zhang Lei , Pu Jiexin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsidering the defect of object recognition with single global feature or local feature, in this letter the authors propose a shape interest points descriptor (SIPD) for object recognition. Particularly, the authors extract the shape features by the improved HU moments and then interest points by Speeded up Robust Feature (SURF). Object recognition is carried out by similarity measure. Because the influence of the improved HU moments and SURF for object recognition is different, the two different similarity measures are fused effectively by using different weight factors. Experimental results show that the author’ proposed method is effective and robust to the changes of scale, viewing angle, illumination and noise when compared with the other representative methods.
Transient overvoltage suppression of LCC‐HVDC sending‐end system based on DC current control optimisation
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhu Jianhang , Li Yingbiao , Hu Jiabing , Ma Shicong , Wang Tiezhu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe receiving‐end system AC fault of the line‐commutated‐converter‐based high voltage direct current (LCC‐HVDC) will lead to commutation failure of the inverter side. During the fault and its recovery, AC transient low voltage and transient overvoltage (TOV) will occur in the sending‐end system. The TOV has the risk of triggering the disorderly off‐grid of the nearby renewable power generations. Besides, in a serious situation, it will threaten the power system to maintain a secure and steady operation. Therefore, the authors analyse the mechanism involved in the AC transient voltage during the AC fault and the recovery period first. It reveals that the key factor causing the TOV of the sending‐end system is the setting of the DC current reference value. Then, a DC current reference value limit method based on the AC TOV sampling value is proposed, which is used to accelerate DC current recovery and suppress the TOV of the sending‐end system. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed control method has been confirmed through electromagnetic transient simulations using the CIGRE HVDC benchmark model and a ±800 kV HVDC transmission system model situated in Northwest China.
Chromatic Light Therapy for Inhibiting Myopia Progression: Human Studies
Authors: Swiatczak Barbara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMyopia, a common refractive error, has been associated with various risk factors, but time outdoors has emerged as a significant protective factor against its onset. This association is believed to be mediated by the influence of sunlight on dopamine release, a neurotransmitter crucial for regulating eye growth. Recent research has explored the specific properties of light in order to identify potential interventions for myopia control in children. Low-level red light therapy has gained attention, and has shown promise in inhibiting myopia progression, although there are concerns about safety and rebound effects. Similarly, blue light stimulation aims to upregulate retinal dopamine activity, yet conclusive evidence supporting its efficacy is lacking. Moreover, researchers explored the use of the entire visible light spectrum by digitally imposing longitudinal chromatic aberration to adjust proper eye growth. Preliminary findings suggest that digitally simulated chromatic
aberration could potentially serve as a myopia control strategy and highlights the need for further investigation into long-term effects. As research progresses, understanding the efficacy and safety of light-based interventions for myopia control remains crucial for informing clinical practice and optimizing patient outcomes.
Antenatal Breast Milk Expression Survey of Individuals Whose Pregnancy Was Complicated by Diabetes: Exploring Knowledge, Perceptions, Experiences, and Milk Volume Expressed
Authors: Mess Sarah , Palatnik Anna , Cabacungan Erwin 
Published: May 2024

Objective Antenatal breast milk expression (ABE) offers a host of benefits, including reduced formula consumption, support for breastfeeding success, and increased maternal satisfaction. Despite these advantages, experience with ABE differs significantly, often leading to anxiety over perceived inadequate milk supply and eventual breastfeeding cessation. This study comprehensively evaluates the knowledge, attitudes, and real-world experiences of individuals with gestational or pregestational diabetes concerning ABE, with a focus on total milk volume expressed prior to birth.
Study Design Utilizing a convenience sampling method, we surveyed individuals with gestational or pregestational diabetes from three health care facilities who were trained in ABE. Knowledge and perceptions were gauged through presurvey statements, while postsurvey statements were employed to measure experiences, both using a 5-point Likert scale. In parallel, a retrospective study assessed both maternal and infant outcomes among the same participant pool. Statistical comparisons between individuals with and without reservations were made using the Wilcoxon signed rank sum, Mann–Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests.
Results Of the 138 participants, 75% completed both survey segments, and 61% expressed reservations about ABE. Both groups were demographically similar and showed comparable newborn outcomes. However, individuals with reservations experienced heightened pain during ABE, reported lesser lactation support, and were less willing to repeat the process compared to those individuals without reservations. The median total ABE volume was significantly lower by 14 mL among those with reservations (7 vs. 21 mL, p = 0.009). Although both groups demonstrated improved attitudes toward the utility of ABE for individuals with gestational or pregestational diabetes, no significant shift occurred in the perception of ABE difficulty.
Conclusion Our results indicate that individuals with gestational or pregestational diabetes who have reservations about ABE face unique challenges and tend to express lower milk volumes. This underlines the need for specialized interventions and ongoing research to address antenatal lactation support and alleviate ABE-related concerns among individuals with gestational or pregestational diabetes.
Key Points
Green synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles from discarded computer PCBs on reduction of environmental pollution
Authors: Mondal Pronoy , Haque Mohammad Salman , Ghose Biswajit , Afridi Ahsan Ahammed 
Published: May 2024

The economic value of gold content in electronic waste, particularly waste printed circuit boards (PCBs), has generated interest in recovering gold from this material. Unfortunately, due to the severe environmental hazards associated with such waste, there is a pressing need for efficient and selective methods of gold nanoparticle recovery. A novel technique has been developed to synthesize gold nanoparticles that employ chlorate leaching and Punica granatum extract to minimize the environmental impact of electronic waste. Multiple analytical methods, including UV-Vis, XRD, EDS, SEM, and TEM analysis, were utilized to identify and characterize the extracted gold nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectrum showed GNP-absorption peaks at a narrow range of wavelengths, primarily at 520 nm, confirming the formation of gold nanoparticles from the e-waste. The XRD analysis identified the material as metallic gold with characteristic peaks of gold crystals (111), (200), (220), and (311), corresponding to the FCC crystal structure. The SEM and TEM analysis revealed that most of the Au nanoparticles were less than 40 nm in size, with some larger particles resulting from the agglomeration of smaller ones. The EDS spectrum analysis indicated that the gold atoms emitted strong signals. At the same time, other elements such as carbon, oxygen, and metals such as Sn, Zn, Pd, Cu, and Cd showed weaker signals. The recovered gold nanoparticles were found to have a bandgap of 2.2 eV, indicating that they are a direct bandgap semiconductor suitable for use in optoelectronic applications. The environmental impact of the PCBs and the chemicals used in the process were also analyzed to address the necessity of using discarded electronic waste to reduce environmental pollution. The proposed method showed high efficiency for extracting gold nanoparticles from e-waste, with simple process steps, low chemical usage, and low cost, as demonstrated by the results.
Arrow of time and gravitational entropy in collapse
Authors: Chakraborty Samarjit , Maharaj Sunil D , Guha Sarbari , Goswami Rituparno 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate the status of the gravitational arrow of time in the case of a spherical collapse of a fluid that conducts heat and radiates energy. In particular, we examine the results obtained by W. B. Bonnor in his 1985 paper where he found that the gravitational arrow of time was opposite to the thermodynamic arrow of time. The measure of gravitational epoch function P used by Bonnor was given by the ratio of the Weyl square to the Ricci square. In this paper, we have assumed the measure of gravitational entropy (GE) P
1 to be given by the ratio of the Weyl scalar to the Kretschmann scalar. Our analysis indicates that Bonnor’s result seems to be validated, i.e. the gravitational arrow and the thermodynamic arrow of time point in opposite directions. This strengthens the opinion that the Weyl proposal of GE applies only to the Universe as a whole (provided that we exclude the white holes).
Study of the effect of electromagnetic damping force on a magnet oscillating near a non-ferromagnetic conducting plate
Authors: Pal Sanjoy Kumar , Sarkar Soumen , Panchadhyayee Pradipta , Syam Debapriyo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have designed an experiment that involves studying the effects of a conducting plate on the motion of an oscillating disc magnet. We have employed the video analysis method by ‘Tracker’ software to investigate the variation of electromagnetic damping coefficient with distance between the plate and the magnet. This experiment can indeed serve as a valuable educational tool for undergraduate students, covering topics such as damped oscillation, electromagnetic damping, Lenz’s law, and eddy currents.
Frequency-dependent dielectric, electric modulus, and ac conductivity features of Au/n-Si Schottky diodes (SDs) with PVC and (PVC:Graphite/Graphene-Oxide) interlayer
Authors: Altındal Yerişkin S , Taşçıoğlu İ , Badali Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To determine the interlayer effect on dielectric features and conductivity, Au/n-Si (S0), Au/PVC/p-Si (S1), and Au/PVC:Gt-GO/p-Si (S2) type SDs were grown onto the same n-Si wafer and their admittance measurements performed between 100 Hz and 1 MHz. The observed decrease in C and G/ω values as frequency increases shows that the charges at the interface-states (N
ss) can easily follow ac-signal and supply an excess capacitance and conductance at lower frequencies. Using C and G/ω data at 1.5 V, the dielectric-constant (ϵ′), dielectric-loss (ϵ″), and loss-tangent (tan δ) were obtained as a function of frequency. To determine the relaxation processes in (PVC:Gt-GO) nanocomposite, complex-dielectric (M′ and M′′) formalism was also explored in the whole frequency range. The value of ac electrical conductivity (σ
ac) remained independent of frequency until 0.1 MHz and then started to increase exponentially which corresponds to dc and ac conductivity. As compared to S1 and S2 with So SD, the conductivity and ϵ′ values increase due to the PVC and (PVC:Gt-GO) interlayer. The Ln(σ
ac)-Ln(ω) plots were also drawn to analyze the conduction process and their slopes were found as 0.09, 0.39, and 0.58 for S0, S1, and S2 SD, respectively. These results show that the interaction and trap levels of the electron–hole pairs at lower frequencies, as well as from the well-localized relaxation mechanism at higher frequencies.
Perspective: probing elasto-quantum materials with x-ray techniques and in situ anisotropic strain
Authors: Zhang Han , Sanchez Joshua J , Chu Jiun-Haw , Liu Jian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Anisotropic lattice deformation plays an important role in the quantum mechanics of solid state physics. The possibility of mediating the competition and cooperation among different order parameters by applying in situ strain/stress on quantum materials has led to discoveries of a variety of elasto-quantum effects on emergent phenomena. It has become increasingly critical to have the capability of combining the in situ strain tuning with x-ray techniques, especially those based on synchrotrons, to probe the microscopic elasto-responses of the lattice, spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom. Herein, we briefly review the recent studies that embarked on utilizing elasto-x-ray characterizations on representative material systems and demonstrated the emerging opportunities enabled by this method. With that, we further discuss the promising prospect in this rising area of quantum materials research and the bright future of elasto-x-ray techniques.
Parsing skin effect in a non-Hermitian spinless BHZ-like model
Authors: Halder Dipendu , Basu Saurabh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work comprehensively investigates the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) in a spinless Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang -like model in one dimension. It is generally believed that a system with non-reciprocal hopping amplitudes demonstrates NHSE. However, we show that there are exceptions, and more in-depth analyses are required to decode the presence of NHSE or its variants in a system. The fascinating aspects of our findings, depending on the inclusion of non-reciprocity in the inter-orbital hopping terms, concede the existence of conventional NHSE or NHSE at both edges and even a surprising absence of NHSE. The topological properties and the (bi-orthogonal) bulk-boundary correspondence, enumerated via computation of the (complex) Berry phase and spatial localization of the edge modes, highlight the topological phase transitions occurring therein. Further, to facilitate a structured discussion of the non-Hermitian model, we split the results into

PT

symmetric and non-

PT

symmetric cases with a view to comparing the two.