bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency department staff compassion is associated with lower fear of enacted stigma among patients with opioid use disorder
Authors: Steinhauser Savannah , Haroz Rachel , Jones Iris , Skelton William , Fuller Brian M. , Roberts Michael B. , Jones Christopher W. , Trzeciak Stephen , Roberts Brian W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesFear of enacted stigma (fear of discrimination or being treated unfairly) is associated with decreased health care–seeking behaviors among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). We sought to describe the prevalence of fear of enacted stigma among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with OUD and to test whether experiencing greater compassion from ED staff is associated with lower fear of enacted stigma.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in the ED of an academic medical center between February and August 2023. We included adult patients with OUD presenting to the ED and assessed patient experience of compassion from ED staff using a previously validated 5‐item compassion measure (score range 5–20). The primary outcome measure was fear of enacted stigma in the ED, measured using the validated 9‐item subscale of the Substance Abuse Self‐Stigma Scale (score range 9–45).ResultsOf the 116 subjects enrolled, 97% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91%–99%) reported some degree of stigma, with a median (interquartile range) score of 23 (16–31). In a multivariable model adjusting for potential confounders, patient experience of greater ED compassion was independently associated with lower fear of enacted stigma, β = −0.66 (95% CI −1.03 to −0.29), suggesting that every 1‐point increase in the 5‐item compassion measure score is associated with a 0.66‐point decrease in the fear of enacted stigma score.ConclusionsAmong ED patients with OUD, fear of enacted stigma is common. Patient experience of compassion from ED staff is associated with lower fear of enacted stigma. Future research is warranted to test if interventions aimed at increasing compassion from ED staff reduce patient fear of enacted stigma among patients with OUD.
Digital financial inclusion, rural consumption and economic growth in China
Authors: Zhang Zepu , Wang Jing , Sun Chen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the continuous development of China's digital inclusive finance has provided favorable conditions for improving the consumption level of domestic residents and stimulating national economic growth. Based on the theory of financial development and deepening, this paper studies the mechanism and effect of digital inclusive finance on rural residents’ consumption and economic growth. The results show that (1) the development of digital inclusive finance can directly promote economic growth. Specifically, the breadth of coverage, the depth of use and the degree of digitization of digital inclusive finance all contribute to economic growth. (2) Digital inclusive finance significantly promotes rural residents’ consumption, and rural residents’ consumption significantly promotes economic growth, that is, digital inclusive finance can indirectly promote economic growth by promoting rural residents’ consumption. (3) When digital inclusive finance is at different levels of development, rural residents’ consumption has different effects on economic growth. The higher the development level of digital inclusive finance, the better the promotion effect of rural residents’ consumption on economic growth. Therefore, we should continue to promote the development of digital inclusive finance, give full play to the inclusiveness and convenience of digital inclusive finance, and contribute to the promotion of rural residents’ consumption and economic growth.
Virtue ethics and the unsettled ethical questions in controlled human infection studies
Authors: Poomkudy Jeffrey T. , Shah Seema K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractControlled human infection studies (CHIs) involve the intentional infection of human subjects for a scientific aim. Though some past challenge trials have involved serious ethical abuses, in the last few decades, CHIs have had a strong track record of safety. Despite increased attention to the ethics of CHIs during the COVID‐19 pandemic, CHIs remain controversial, and there has been no in‐depth treatment of CHIs through the lens of virtue ethics. In this article, we argue that virtue theory can be helpful for addressing CHIs that present a constellation of controversial, unresolved, and/or under‐regulated ethical issues. We begin with some brief background on virtue ethics. We then substantiate our claim that some CHIs raise a constellation of ethical issues that are unresolved in the ethics literature and/or lack adequate regulatory guidance by demonstrating that CHIs can present indeterminate social value, risks to third parties, limitations on the right to withdraw from research, and questions about the upper limit of allowable risk. We argue that the presence of a virtuous investigator, with virtues such as prudence, compassion, and integrity, is especially important when these unresolved research ethics issues arise, which is the case for certain types of controlled human infection studies. We use the historical example of Walter Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission to illustrate this claim, and we also highlight some contemporary examples. We end by sketching some practical implications of our view, such as ensuring that investigators with experience running CHIs are involved in novel CHI models.
Staying self‐regulated in the classroom: The role of children's executive functions and situational factors
Authors: Eberhart Janina , Bryce Donna , Baker Sara T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐regulation is crucial for children's learning and development. Several studies have explored children's inter‐individual differences in self‐regulation, but little is known about sources of intra‐individual variation.AimsThis study addressed the variability of children's self‐regulation across typical classroom situations and how this might be associated with children's executive functions (EFs).SampleThe study included 148 children (54.7% girls; Mage = 56.73 months).MethodsSelf‐regulation was assessed with an observational measure in teacher‐led and child‐led activities within naturalistic classroom settings. Children's EFs were assessed with direct assessments at the start and end of the school year.ResultsLinear mixed‐effect models showed that children demonstrated higher levels of self‐regulation in child‐led in comparison with teacher‐led activities. Children with higher levels of EFs at the start of the school year showed less variation across teacher‐led and child‐led activities in comparison with children with lower levels of EFs. Regarding other aspects of the classroom context, neither the group size in which the activity took place nor which school subject it was focused on were associated with children's self‐regulation. However, in teacher‐led activities the type of interaction involved in the activity and the type of task influenced children's self‐regulation.ConclusionThese results suggest that children who start school with higher levels of EFs are more able to adapt to different situations, highlighting the importance of fostering these skills in early childhood. In turn, children with lower levels of EFs may need additional support from teachers to remain self‐regulated across different contexts.
HSP90β shapes the fate of Th17 cells with the help of glycolysis‐controlled methylation modification
Authors: Yang Ling , Zhu Jing‐Chao , Li Shi‐Jia , Zeng Xi , Xue Xin‐Ru , Dai Yue , Wei Zhi‐Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeUlcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory inflammatory disease associated with immune dysregulation. Elevated levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 90 in the β but not α subtype were positively associated with disease status in UC patients. This study validated the possibility that pharmacological inhibition or reduction of HSP90β would alleviate colitis, induced by dextran sulfate sodium, in mice and elucidated its mechanisms.Experimental ApproachHistopathological and biochemical analysis assessed disease severity, and bioinformatics and correlation analysis explained the association between the many immune cells and HSP90β. Flow cytometry was used to analyse the homeostasis and transdifferentiation of Th17 and Treg cells. In vitro inhibition and adoptive transfer assays were used to investigate functions of the phenotypically transformed Th17 cells. Metabolomic analysis, DNA methylation detection and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to explore these mechanisms.Key ResultsThe selective pharmacological inhibitor (HSP90βi) and shHSP90β significantly mitigated UC in mice and promoted transformation of Th17 to Treg cell phenotype, via Foxp3 transcription. The phenotypically‐transformed Th17 cells by HSP90βi or shHSP90β were able to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and colitis in mice. HSP90βi and shHSP90β selectively weakened glycolysis by stopping the direct association of HSP90β and GLUT1, the key glucose transporter, to accelerate ubiquitination degradation of GLUT1, and enhance the methylation of Foxp3 CNS2 region. Then, the mediator path was identified as the “lactate‐STAT5‐TET2” cascade.Conclusion and ImplicationsHSP90β shapes the fate of Th17 cells via glycolysis‐controlled methylation modification to affect UC progression, which provides a new therapeutic target for UC.
Impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroconversion pre‐allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation on posttransplant outcomes
Authors: Sayyed Ayman , Wilson Leeann , Stavi Vered , Chen Shiyi , Chen Carol , Mattsson Jonas , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Kim Dennis D. , Viswabandya Auro , Kumar Rajat , Lam Wilson , Law Arjun D. , Gerbitz Armin , Pasic Ivan , Novitzky‐Basso Igor , Mazzulli Tony , Michelis Fotios V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation post‐allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (post‐alloHCT) increases morbidity and mortality. We sought to determine the frequency of CMV seroconversion in patients pre‐alloHCT and to investigate the impact on posttransplant outcomes. We retrospectively investigated 752 adult patients who underwent alloHCT at our center from January 2015 to February 2020 before the adoption of letermovir prophylaxis. CMV serology was assessed at consult and pretransplant. The cohort was divided into four groups based on pretransplant CMV seroconversion: negative to positive (Group 1), positive to negative (Group 2), consistently negative (Group 3), and consistently positive (Group 4). Eighty‐nine patients (12%) had seroconverted from negative to positive, 17 (2%) from positive to negative, 151 (20%) were consistently seronegative, and 495 (66%) were consistently seropositive pretransplant. For the four CMV serostatus groups, cumulative incidence of CMV reactivation at 6 months posttransplant was 4.5%, 47.1%, 6.6%, and 76.6% for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (p < .0001). No differences between groups were seen regarding Grade III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) (p = .91), moderate/severe chronic GVHD (p = .41), or graft failure (p = .28). On multivariable analysis, there was no impact of CMV serostatus group on overall survival (p = .67), cumulative incidence of relapse (p = .83) or non‐relapse mortality. alloHCT patients who demonstrate CMV seroconversion pretransplant from negative to positive have a very low risk of CMV reactivation posttransplant. The observed seroconversion may be due to passive CMV immunity acquired through blood products. Quantitative CMV immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M pretransplant may help differentiate between true seroconversion and passively transmitted CMV immunoglobulin.
Test–retest reliability of the attention network test from the perspective of intrinsic network organization
Authors: Kong Ziwei , Chen Jingkai , Liu Jin , Zhou Yanfei , Duan Yuping , Li Hai , Yang Li‐Zhuang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe attention network test (ANT), developed based on the triple‐network taxonomy by Posner and colleagues, has been widely used to examine the efficacy of alerting, orienting and executive control in clinical and developmental neuroscience studies. Recent research suggests the imperfect reliability of the behavioural ANT and its variants. However, the classical ANT fMRI task's test–retest reliability has received little attention. Moreover, it remains ambiguous whether the attention‐related intrinsic network components, especially the dorsal attention, ventral attention and frontoparietal network, manifest acceptable reliability. The present study approaches these issues by utilizing an openly available ANT fMRI dataset for participants with Parkinson's disease and healthy elderly. The reproducibility of group‐level activations across sessions and participant groups and the test–retest reliability at the individual level were examined at the voxel, region and network levels. The intrinsic network was defined using the Yeo‐Schaefer atlas. Our results reveal three critical facets: (1) the overlapping of the group‐level contrast map between sessions and between participant groups was unsatisfactory; (2) the reliability of alerting, orienting and executive, defined as a contrast between conditions, was worse than estimates of specific conditions. (3) Dorsal attention, ventral attention, visual and somatomotor networks showed acceptable reliability for the congruent and incongruent conditions. Our results suggest that specific condition estimates might be used instead of the contrast map for individual or group‐difference studies.
Modified M‐RCNN approach for abandoned object detection in public places
Authors: Veluri Rahul Chiranjeevi , Khan Shakir , Sankareswaran Senthil Pandi , Shabaz Mohammad , Farouk Ahmed , Innab Nisreen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDetection of abandoned and stationary objects like luggage, boxes, machinery, and so forth, in public places is one of the challenging and critical tasks in the video surveillance system. These objects may contain weapons, bombs, or other explosive materials that threaten the public. Though various applications have been developed to detect stationary objects, different challenges, like occlusions, changes in geometrical features of things, and so forth, are still to be addressed. Considering the complexity of scenarios in public places and the variety of objects, a context‐aware model is developed based on mask region‐based convolution network (M‐RCNN) for detecting abandoned objects. A modified convolution operation is implemented in the Backbone network to understand features from geometric variations near objects. These modified operation layers can be adapted based on geometric interpretations to extract required features. Finally, a bounding box operation is performed to locate the abandoned object and mask the particular thing. Experiments have been performed on the benchmark dataset like ABODA and our dataset, which shows that an mAP of 0. 0.699 is achieved for model 1, 0.675 is achieved for model 2, and 0.734 mAP is completed for model 3. An ablation analysis has also been performed and compared with other state‐of‐the‐art methods. Based on the results, the proposed model better detects abandoned objects than existing state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Calcium‐ferrum‐alumina‐silicate (CFAS) corrosion behavior of Lu4Hf3O12 ceramics at 1400°C
Authors: Wang Chenkai , Chen Zedong , Zhao Wei , Li Yang , Zhou Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, the corrosion behavior of rare‐earth Lu4Hf3O12 ceramic when exposed to a CaO‐FeO1.5‐AlO1.5‐SiO2 (CFAS) environment at a temperature of 1400°C was investigated, with a focus on exploring the associated phase transformation, microstructure evolution, and corrosion reaction mechanism. Results reveal that during the corrosion process, the CFAS melt infiltrates Lu4Hf3O12 particles through cracks, resulting in the formation of a continuous reaction layer. This reaction leads to the generation of several high‐melting‐point garnets, including HfO2, Lu3Al5O12, Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3 (Ca‐Fe garnet), and Ca3Al2Si3O12 (Grossular). These garnets effectively fill the voids within the Lu4Hf3O12 ceramics, preventing further infiltration of the CFAS melts. As time progresses, the rate of the reaction gradually increases, while the rate of infiltration consistently decreases. Consequently, a relatively stable corrosion layer is achieved, effectively impeding further corrosion.
Effect of food processing on the immunoreactivity of gliadin
Authors: Alhendi Abeer S. , Ali Aqeel M. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryWheat is the most important crop in the world mainly because of the feature of its storage protein, gluten, such as stretching and extending, that can hold the produced gas. However, some people have immunoreactivity against wheat gluten, which is generally called gluten disorder. Coeliac disease (CD) and non‐coeliac gluten sensitivity are types of gluten disorders. Several food processing techniques have been used to reduce gliadin immunoreactivity such as using thermal processing, fermentation, high‐pressure processing and pulsed light with different wheat products such as wheat flour, flatbread and gluten suspension. CD is the most known gluten disorder; therefore, this review will focus on the reduction effect of food processing on it. Gluten consists of gliadins and glutenin; the allergic effect of gliadins is well known, and several epitopes were identified, which are usually used to follow gluten immunoreactivity. Till now, consuming a gluten‐free diet is the only way for people who are suffering from gluten disorder. Up to now, all the attempts to reduce the immunoreactivity of gliadin (IRG) by food processing have not fully succeeded. The main techniques used to follow the target epitopes are enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, LC–MS/MS, etc. The fermentation process and adding enzymes are the most promising food processing in terms of reducing IRG. Worth mentioning that using different techniques gave different gliadin reductions; beyond that, using different ELISA kits gave different reductions. Combining different techniques is recommended to monitor the IRG reduction by using the most effective method till now.
Primary care perspectives on prescribing anti‐obesity medication for adolescents
Authors: Chivate Rutha , Schoemer Pamela , Ragavan Maya I. , Ray Kristin , Bensignor Megan O. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Vajravelu Mary Ellen 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundRecent pediatric guidelines recommend clinicians offer anti‐obesity medication (AOM) as an adjunct to intensive lifestyle intervention.ObjectiveTo investigate pediatricians' perspectives about prescribing AOM, including barriers and facilitators.MethodsAn investigator‐developed survey was emailed to primary care pediatric physicians (n = 187) and advanced practice providers (n = 190) within an academic‐affiliated network. The survey evaluated how willing clinicians were to prescribe AOM and their agreement with 25 statements about barriers and facilitators. Three vignettes explored AOM decision‐making. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine relative risk ratios for willingness to prescribe by agreement with each statement.ResultsAmong 74 respondents (20% response rate), 24% were willing, 42% uncertain and 34% unwilling to prescribe. Most (64%) agreed that AOM should be managed only by specialists. Willingness to prescribe was associated with clinician motivation and belief in guideline practicality and applicability. Unwillingness was associated with beliefs that patients would not continue AOM long enough for benefit and that there was insufficient time or resources to implement. In vignettes, 52% were willing to prescribe AOM for a patient with severe obesity and metabolic complications, versus 11% for a patient with obesity and possible disordered eating.ConclusionsWillingness to prescribe AOM was low and was associated with perceived practicality and appropriateness for patients.
Effect of motivational interviewing on preventive strategies for children receiving full‐mouth dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gonzalez Jessica , Brickhouse Tegwyn H. , Carrico Caroline K. , Jayaraman Jayakumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMotivational interviewing (MI) is an approach to increase parental compliance to follow up and recall of their children. It has proven to be successful in motivating parents to adopt and maintain preventive child oral health behaviors.AimTo assess the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on prevention strategies for parents of children who have received full‐mouth dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia (GA).DesignThis is a parallel‐arm randomized controlled trial. Parents in the treatment arm were randomized and received a combination of motivational interviewing, individualized goal setting, visual aids, and verbal education post‐GA. Those in the control arm received the same information by verbal and written education. Both groups were evaluated at 2‐week follow‐up and 3‐month recall. Differences in attendance, oral health knowledge, readiness to change, and parental self‐efficacy (PSE) were compared between groups and at return visits.ResultsOf 74 parents of children randomly allocated in this study, 22 (61%) and 13 (38%) from the intervention group, and 21 (55%) and 16 (46%) from the control group attended the 2‐week, and 3‐month follow‐up, respectively. The average PSE for participants in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the follow‐up visit (p = .0050).ConclusionReadiness to change dietary habits and average PSE for parents in the intervention group were significantly higher than that of the control group after receiving the modified preventive strategy.
Top weapons in skin aging and actives to target the consequences of skin cell senescence
Authors: Draelos Z. , Bogdanowicz P. , Saurat J.‐H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSkin aging has long been considered a purely cosmetic problem. However, as life expectancy increases, skin aging is taking on a functional dimension that goes beyond cosmetics and appearance. Preventive or therapeutic strategies are needed to target cellular senescence, a key process underlying the alterations in skin function and appearance that occur with aging, as well as to address the age‐related skin changes associated with ‘dermatoporosis’ and chronic skin insufficiency/fragility syndrome. Thus, given the need for effective anti‐aging products that improve both the appearance and function of the skin, it is essential to distinguish active ingredients that have been proven to be effective, among the large number of available over‐the‐counter cosmeceuticals. This brief review focuses on a core group of topical actives, describing their clinical effects on senescence and aging, and their molecular mechanisms of action. These actives include hyaluronic acid, which has hydrating and viscoelastic properties and has been shown to reduce skin atrophy; retinaldehyde, which activates retinoid receptors and increases cutaneous elasticity; vitamins C and E, which provide stable oxidative protection; and niacinamide, which reduces inflammation and mitigates the effects of senescence.