bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Legal Landscape for Opioid Treatment Agreements
Authors: SVIRSKY LARISA , HOWARD DANA , FRIED MARTIN , RICHARDS NATHAN , THOMAS NICOLE , ZETTLER PATRICIA J. 
Published: May 2024

Policy Points
Opioid treatment agreements (OTAs) are controversial because of the lack of evidence that their use reduces opioid‐related harms and the potential risks they pose of stigmatizing patients and undermining the clinician–patient relationship.
Even so, their use is now required in most jurisdictions, and their use is influencing the outcomes of civil and criminal lawsuits.
More research is needed to evaluate how OTAs are implemented given existing requirements. If additional research does not resolve the current level of uncertainty regarding OTA benefits, then policymakers in jurisdictions where they are required should consider eliminating OTA mandates or providing flexibility in the legal requirements to make room for clinicians and health care institutions to implement best practices.
ContextOpioid treatment agreements (OTAs) are documents that clinicians present to patients when prescribing opioids that describe the risks of opioids and specify requirements that patients must meet to receive their medication. Notwithstanding a lack of evidence that OTAs effectively mitigate opioids’ risks, professional organizations recommend that they be implemented, and jurisdictions increasingly require them. We sought to identify the jurisdictions that require OTAs, how OTAs might affect the outcomes of lawsuits that arise when things go wrong, and instances in which the law permits flexibility for clinicians and health care institutions to adopt best practices.MethodsWe surveyed the laws and regulations of all 50 states and the District of Columbia to identify which jurisdictions require the use of OTAs, the circumstances in which OTA use is mandatory, and the terms OTAs must include (if any). We also surveyed criminal and civil judicial decisions in which OTAs were discussed as evidence on which a court relied to make its decision to determine how OTA use influences litigation outcomes.FindingsResults show that a slight majority (27) of jurisdictions now require OTAs. With one exception, the jurisdictions’ requirements for OTA use are triggered at least in part by long‐term prescribing. There is otherwise substantial variation and flexibility within OTA requirements. Results also show that even in jurisdictions where OTA use is not required by statute or regulation, OTA use can inform courts’ reasoning in lawsuits involving patients or clinicians. Sometimes, but not always, OTA use legally protects clinicians from liability.ConclusionsOur results show that OTA use is entwined with legal obligations in various ways. Clinicians and health care institutions should identify ways for OTAs to enhance clinician–patient relationships and patient care within the bounds of relevant legal requirements and risks.
The Personal and The Transpersonal Psyche: Human Suffering, the Archetypes and the Clinical Encounter
Authors: Phillips Max 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile Jung’s notion of archetypes has had far‐reaching universal appeal and significance, it remains less obvious how these ideas might benefit the analytic patient. In particular, the therapist and/or patient may struggle to hold the tension between the latter’s personal neuroses and how transpersonal/archetypal elements inform his/her experience. While Jung strove to develop a treatment that dealt primarily with the archetypal/objective psyche, the personal psyche is arguably the medium through which the archetypes are experienced. I contend that the “discipline” of Jungian analysis evolved from a transposition of Jung’s ideas around transpersonal, philosophical and religious themes (borne out of his own self‐analysis), into a two‐person psychotherapeutic process. Jung provides little description of his clinical encounters and the way in which he conducted his analyses leaving an uncertainty that has likely contributed to the divergence of approaches practised today by analytical psychologists. This article considers the implication of these divergences for contemporary Jungian practice and proposes a way of working in the Jungian spirit that maintains a connection to the symbolic realm while at the same time remaining focused on the complexities of personal and relational dynamics.
The special adaptation to hypoxia facilitated the expansion of the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) into Tibet but not other Rattus species
Authors: CAO Ruidong , ZHANG Mingyu , CHEN Yi , HOU Guanmei , LIU Quansheng , ZHANG Jianxu , ZHANG Yaohua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRattus species are thought to live only at altitudes less than 2500 m, but the Asian house rat (R. tanezumi) (RT) has recently expanded to altitudes greater than 3500 m in China. Other Rattus species, especially brown rats (R. norvegicus) (RN), still reach only low altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau. Comparative genomics revealed the positive selection of hypoxia‐inducible transcription factors 1 and 2 (HIFs) in RT, with the rapid evolution of HIF pathway genes in RT and Mus musculus (MM) but not RN or R. rattus. Population genomics revealed that genes associated with energy metabolism and oxygen transport were positively selected in RT compared with the other four Rattus species, and two specific substitutions (arginine 31 serine and leucine 33 methionine) were identified in the hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB) in RT. The above results suggested that RT possesses unique genetic adaptations to hypoxia, which was further confirmed by behavioral experiments on RT and RN. Normobaric hypoxia significantly reduced locomotion in RN but not in RT. Moreover, through intraspecific transcriptome analysis, the expression of Hbb and genes related to angiogenesis, oxygen transport, and glycolysis was upregulated, and the expression of genes associated with immunological functions in the liver, lungs, and/or sperm was downregulated in RT compared to those in RN. Interspecific transcriptome analysis further revealed that HIF‐1α plays a role in modulating the hypoxic adaptation of RT rather than RN. Our work provides genomic, behavioral, and physiological insights into why RT, but not other Rattus species, could invade the Tibetan Plateau.
Genomics‐informed captive breeding can reduce inbreeding depression and the genetic load in zoo populations
Authors: Speak Samuel A. , Birley Thomas , Bortoluzzi Chiara , Clark Matthew D. , Percival‐Alwyn Lawrence , Morales Hernán E. , van Oosterhout Cock 
Published: May 2024

AbstractZoo populations of threatened species are a valuable resource for the restoration of wild populations. However, their small effective population size poses a risk to long‐term viability, especially in species with high genetic load. Recent bioinformatic developments can identify harmful genetic variants in genome data. Here, we advance this approach, analysing the genetic load in the threatened pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri). We lifted the mutation‐impact scores that had been calculated for the chicken (Gallus gallus) to estimate the genetic load in six pink pigeons. Additionally, we perform in silico crossings to predict the genetic load and realized load of potential offspring. We thus identify the optimal mate pairs that are theoretically expected to produce offspring with the least inbreeding depression. We use computer simulations to show how genomics‐informed conservation can reduce the genetic load whilst reducing the loss of genome‐wide diversity. Genomics‐informed management is likely to become instrumental in maintaining the long‐term viability of zoo populations.
Physical restraint intervention in the intensive care unit: An observational pilot study
Authors: Hakverdioğlu Yönt Gülendam , Bulut Süreyya , Müller‐Staub Maria , Kizilirmak Hüseyin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposePhysical restraint (PR) is applied for patients’ safety and to prevent the removal of inserted devices. No matter how well applied, PR causes undesired effects and discomfort to patients. Because PR‐Guidelines are not yet implemented in Turkey, an observational study was performed to get baseline data on the type and number of PR‐activities and on patients’ complications in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.MethodsAn observational pilot study was conducted in anesthesia and reanimation adult ICUs in a midsized general hospital in Turkey. Included were 31 patients and two data collection tools: a basic form (patient demographics, medical information, and complications) and a PR observation guide on nurses’ PR‐activities. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, and mean and standard deviation) were used for data evaluation.FindingsMost patients (61.3%) were male, and 74.2% were aged 60–79 years. Almost a third was unconscious (Glasgow Coma Scale <9) and at risk for falling. Of the total 33 activities of the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), 13 were never applied in 33% of patients. The most applied activity was “provide sufficient staff to assist with the safe application of physical restraining devices or manual restraints” (96.8%). Least applied were “explain inpatient and significant others the behaviors necessary for the termination of the intervention,” “Provide the dependent patient with a means of summoning help” (6.5%), and “Teach family the risks and benefits of restraint reduction” (3.2%). Overall, 58.1% of patients had PR complications.ConclusionsFor the first time, PR NIC activities were evaluated in a Turkish ICU. Findings show low performance of NIC activities and a high complication rate.Implications for nursing practiceThe findings provide the basis to implement a PR‐Guideline in Turkish ICUs to enhance patients’ safety and comfort.
Whole‐genome resequencing deciphers patterns of genetic diversity, phylogeny, and evolutionary dynamics in Kashmir cattle
Authors: Ahmed Zulfiqar , Xiang Weixuan , Wang Fuwen , Nawaz Mohsin , Kuthu Zulfiqar Hussan , Lei Chuzhao , Xu Dequan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKashmir cattle, which were kept by local pastoralists for centuries, are exceptionally resilient and adaptive to harsh environments. Despite its significance, the genomic characteristics of this cattle breed remain elusive. This study utilized whole genome sequences of Kashmir cattle (n = 20; newly sequenced) alongside published whole genomes of 32 distinct breeds and seven core cattle populations (n = 135). The analysis identified ~25.87 million biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms in Kashmir cattle, predominantly in intergenic and intron regions. Population structure analyses revealed distinct clustering patterns of Kashmir cattle with proximity to the South Asian, African and Chinese indicine cattle populations. Genetic diversity analysis of Kashmir cattle demonstrated lower inbreeding and greater nucleotide diversity than analyzed global breeds. Homozygosity runs indicated less consanguineous mating in Kashmir cattle compared with European taurine breeds. Furthermore, six selection sweep detection methods were used within Kashmir cattle and other cattle populations to identify genes associated with vital traits, including immunity (BOLA‐DQA5, BOLA‐DQB, TNFAIP8L, FCRL4, AOAH, HIF1AN, FBXL3, MPEG1, CDC40, etc.), reproduction (GOLGA4, BRWD1, OSBP2, LEO1 ADCY5, etc.), growth (ADPRHL1, NRG2, TCF12, TMOD4, GBP4, IGF2, RSPO3, SCD, etc.), milk composition (MRPS30 and CSF1) and high‐altitude adaptation (EDNRA, ITPR2, AGBL4 and SCG3). These findings provide essential genetic insights into the characteristics and establish the foundation for the scientific conservation and utilization of Kashmir cattle breed.
Inclusive peer review: Reflections on an adapted citizens' jury with people with learning disabilities
Authors: Henderson Angela , Cassidy John , Croydon Abigail , Nind Melanie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundInclusive research is widely accepted as an essential part of the process to democratise knowledge creation and dissemination. However, while peer review is an important part of academic publishing, the potential to include people with learning disabilities in this element of the research process has not previously been explored using a deliberative approach.MethodsAccessibility adaptations were made to the citizens' jury approach enabling people with learning disabilities to participate. Sixteen adults with mild to moderate learning disabilities were recruited to participate in the adapted citizens' jury. Jury members took part in capacity‐building workshops to develop their knowledge of research and research processes. Six expert witnesses presented evidence to the citizens' jury and were questioned on aspects of inclusive research, representation, peer review and academic publishing processes. Facilitators supported citizens' jury members to reflect on the evidence presented and to develop recommendations for inclusive peer review.FindingsThe citizens' jury was an effective inclusive research approach in this case. Jurors made recommendations related to the question of inclusive peer review: inclusive reviews should be done by groups rather than individuals; the research under review must be in accessible formats and on relevant topics; reviewers need sufficient time to conduct reviews; and diverse groups of people with learning disabilities should be involved.ConclusionsPeople with learning disabilities appreciate the importance of peer review but do not necessarily want to participate in it. This jury suggested creative approaches to disseminating, reviewing and engaging with research, including building more opportunities for dialogue between researchers and self‐advocates. The adapted citizens' jury was a novel and effective method of supporting deliberation on this topic but other approaches to including the views and experiences of those with more severe learning disabilities should be explored.
Neutrophil extracellular traps modulate chemotherapy efficacy and its adverse side effects
Authors: Mousset Alexandra , Albrengues Jean 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeutrophils, major regulator of innate immunity have recently emerged as key components of the tumor microenvironment. The role of neutrophils in cancer has been linked to their ability to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), structures composed of decondensed DNA decorated with enzymes that are released into the extracellular space. Here, we discuss the pivotal roles of NETs, in influencing responses to chemotherapy and its severe adverse effect. Highlighting recent insights, we discuss the dual nature of NETs in the context of chemotherapy treatment, examining their potential to either counteract or enhance treatment outcomes. Strategic targeting of NETs emerges as a promising avenue for determining combination therapies that could help counteracting resistance or enhancing chemotherapy efficacy as well as limiting complications due to this type of treatment.
Comparison of feline and human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase enzymes through chemical screening and computational analysis
Authors: Thammajong Phanicha , Aiebchun Thitinan , Boonyarattanakalin Kanokthip , Gleeson Duangkamol , Pobsuk Nattakarn , Hannongbua Supa , Choowongkomon Kiattawee , Gleeson M. Paul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFeline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a common infection found in domesticated and wild cats worldwide. Despite the wealth of therapeutic understanding of the disease in humans, considerably less information exists regarding the treatment of the disease in felines. Current treatment relies on drugs developed for the related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and includes compounds of the popular non‐nucleotide reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) class. This is despite FIV‐RT being only 67% similar to HIV‐1 RT at the enzyme level, increasing to 88% for the allosteric pocket targeted by NNRTIs. The goal of this project was to try to quantify how well the more extensive pharmacological knowledge available for human disease translates to felines. To this end we screened known NNRTIs and 10 diverse pyrimidine analogs identified virtually. We use this chemo‐centric probe approach to (a) assess the similarity between the two related RT targets based on the observed experimental inhibition values, (b) try to identify more potent inhibitors at FIV, and (c) gain a better appreciation of the structure–activity relationships (SAR). We found the correlation between IC50s at the two targets to be strong (r2 = 0.87) and identified compound 1 as the most potent inhibitor of FIV with IC50 of 0.030 μM ± 0.009. This compared to FIV IC50 values of 0.22 ± 0.17 μM, 0.040 ± 0.010 μM and >160 μM for known anti HIV‐1 RT drugs Efavirenz, Rilpivirine, and Nevirapine, respectively. This knowledge, along with an understanding of the structural origin that give rise to any differences could improve the way HIV drugs are repurposed for FIV.
Novel carbamodithioate regulates cellular hypoxia through chemical activation of prolyl hydroxylase‐2 for breast cancer chemoprevention
Authors: Rastogi Shubham , Ansari Mohd Nazam , Saeedan Abdulaziz S. , Yadav Sachin , Kumar Dinesh , Singh Sunil Kumar , Mukerjee Alok , Singh Manjari , Kaithwas Gaurav 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInhibition of prolylhydroxylase‐2 (PHD‐2) in both normoxic and hypoxic cells is a critical component of solid tumours. The present study aimed to identify small molecules with PHD‐2 activation potential. Virtually screening 4342 chemical compounds for structural similarity to R59949 and docking with PHD‐2. To find the best drug candidate, hits were assessed for drug likeliness, antihypoxic and antineoplastic potential. The selected drug candidate's PHD‐2 activation, cytotoxic and apoptotic potentials were assessed using 2‐oxoglutarate, MTT, AO/EtBr and JC‐1 staining. The drug candidate was also tested for its in‐vivo chemopreventive efficacy against DMBA‐induced mammary gland cancer alone and in combination with Tirapazamine (TPZ). Virtual screening and 2‐oxoglutarate assay showed BBAP‐6 as lead compound. BBAP‐6 exhibited cytotoxic and apoptotic activity against ER+ MCF‐7. In carmine staining and histology, BBAP‐6 alone or in combination with TPZ restored normal surface morphology of the mammary gland after DMBA produced malignant alterations. Immunoblotting revealed that BBAP‐6 reduced NF‐κB expression, activated PHD‐2 and induced intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Serum metabolomics conducted with 1H NMR confirmed that BBAP‐6 prevented HIF‐1α and NF‐κB‐induced metabolic changes in DMBA mammary gland cancer model. In a nutshell, it can be concluded that BBAP‐6 activates PHD‐2 and exhibits anticancer potential.
Mitigating invalid data bias in the estimation of sexual orientation disparities in a survey of youth in US and Canada
Authors: Delgado‐Ron Jorge Andrés , Jeyabalan Thiyaana , Watt Sarah , Salway Travis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current commentary explored the applicability of the methods described in “Mitigating invalid and mischievous survey responses: A registered report examining risk disparities between heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning youth” by Dr. Joseph Cimpian and colleagues to explore sexual orientation disparities in preexisting data from a nonprobability sample. Understanding Affirming Communities, Relationships, and Networks was a study of mostly White (77.4%) 9674 sexual and gender‐minoritized youth aged 15–29 from the US and Canada. The influence of invalid data on the prevalence ratios of four health outcomes was assessed. The methods yielded similar effects to the original paper. The accuracy varied by outcome prevalence and was robust to misspecification of the model. Therefore, the applicability of this method to preexisting data seems feasible.
Exploring the effects of weighting against homoplasy in genealogies of palaeontological phylogenetic matrices
Authors: Ezcurra Martín D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough simulations have shown that implied weighting (IW) outperforms equal weighting (EW) in phylogenetic parsimony analyses, weighting against homoplasy lacks extensive usage in palaeontology. Iterative modifications of several phylogenetic matrices in the last decades resulted in extensive genealogies of datasets that allow the evaluation of differences in the stability of results for alternative character weighting methods directly on empirical data. Each generation was compared against the most recent generation in each genealogy because it is assumed that it is the most comprehensive (higher sampling), revised (fewer misscorings) and complete (lower amount of missing data) matrix of the genealogy. The analyses were conducted on six different genealogies under EW and IW and extended implied weighting (EIW) with a range of concavity constant values (k) between 3 and 30. Pairwise comparisons between trees were conducted using Robinson–Foulds distances normalized by the total number of groups, distortion coefficient, subtree pruning and regrafting moves, and the proportional sum of group dissimilarities. The results consistently show that IW and EIW produce results more similar to those of the last dataset than EW in the vast majority of genealogies and for all comparative measures. This is significant because almost all of these matrices were originally analysed only under EW. Implied weighting and EIW do not outperform each other unambiguously. Euclidean distances based on a principal components analysis of the comparative measures show that different ranges of k‐values retrieve the most similar results to the last generation in different genealogies. There is a significant positive linear correlation between the optimal k‐values and the number of terminals of the last generations. This could be employed to inform about the range of k‐values to be used in phylogenetic analyses based on matrix size but with the caveat that this emergent relationship still relies on a low sample size of genealogies.
Vibrations as a new tool for pest management – a review
Authors: Yanagisawa Ryuhei , Tatsuta Haruki , Sekine Takayuki , Oe Takaho , Mukai Hiromi , Uechi Nami , Koike Takuji , Onodera Ryuichi , Suwa Ryuichi , Takanashi Takuma 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSensory stimuli are essential for arthropod survival and reproduction. Given the widespread use of vibrational communication among diverse taxa, exploiting vibrational senses has great potential for successful pest management. In this review, we summarize our recent findings on vibration‐based pest management and future perspectives in the context of integrated pest management. We first examine the management of whiteflies – the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) – in various facilities where tomatoes are cultivated. We then explore the recent application of vibration for the control of fungus gnats of the genus Neoempheria (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) infesting shiitake mushrooms. Finally, we discuss the control of the brown‐winged green stink bug, Plautia stali Scott (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a pest of fruit trees in Japan. Notably, our trials have demonstrated that vibrational treatments are profitable not only for reducing pest populations but also for indirect benefits such as increased crop yields or the enhancement of pest control effectiveness.