bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Generation of a Compact n-Heptane / Toluene Reaction Mechanism Using the Chemistry Guided Reduction (CGR) Technique
Authors: Ahmed S. S. , Mauß F. , Zeuch T. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The present study describes the compilation and validation of a compact reaction mechanism for the oxidation of n-heptane, toluene and its mixtures using the Chemistry Guided Reduction (CGR) approach. By the module-wise composition of validated reaction schemes and the successive application of chemical lumping and redundant species removal for the n-heptane oxidation model, a compact mechanism is generated for reference fuel blends of n-heptane and toluene. The new mechanism is validated for recently published OH-concentrations histories and ignition times from shock tube studies, HCCI engine experiments and flame speed measurements. The good agreement between experiment and prediction demonstrates the general applicability of the CGR method.
Investigation of the Hierarchical Structure of Kinetic Models in Ignition Problems
Authors: Bykov V. , Maas U. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
In this paper a novel method for global analysis of chemical kinetic models is discussed and applied to auto ignition of high hydrocarbons. It is mainly based on the concept of decomposition of motions and follows major steps of the ILDM method. However, a very important difference of the suggested method is its ability of an explicit and global representation of the system decomposition as a standard singular perturbed system (SPS). The fact that the ILDM provides local information about the decomposition makes the ILDM quite accurate in description of the slow system dynamics, but for fast motions, which become very important in the context of ignition/extinction problems, there are up to now no reliable methods based on ILDM. Therefore, the current work is devoted to developing such a method which can be used efficiently for global analysis of the reaction mechanisms with subsequent formulation of explicit reduced models for unsteady combustion regimes like ignition processes. The suggested method is illustrated by a simple Lindemann kinetic model and then applied successfully to the auto ignition of a homogeneous n-heptane/air system.
Laser Diagnostics for the Model Development in Turbulent Premixed Flames
Authors: Dinkelacker Friedrich , Pfadler Sebastian , Leipertz Alfred 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe interaction of turbulent flow and chemical processes is complex. Due to the strong turbulent fluctuations on very small scales, a direct insight into the processes has not been possible for long time. New laser diagnostics with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution allow now the answer to long discussed questions, for instance concerning the contradictory ideas of thin or thickened flame fronts in turbulent premixed combustion. More and more also numerical models allow the combined calculation of the local processes describing turbulent flow and combustion reaction. However, often unknown terms coming from the averaging procedure of the turbulence models need to have closures. Advanced application of the planar PIV measurement technique allowed the velocity field evaluation conditioned to the either unburnt or burnt gas state in turbulent premixed flames. Herewith, the direct evaluation of unclosed model terms has been possible for both RANS models as well as for models for the large-eddy simulation method. The mutual interaction of advanced laser diagnostics and numerical models is seen as one of the milestones for the development of advanced technical combustion.
CH2Cl and CHCl2 Radical Chemistry: The Formation by the Reactions CH3Cl + F and CH2Cl2 + F and The Destruction by the Reactions CH2Cl + O and CHCl2 + O
Authors: Hold M. , Hoyermann Karlheinz , Morozov I. , Zeuch T. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The primary product formation of the reactions CH2Cl + O and CHCl2 + O in the gas phase has been studied around room temperature. The coupling of a conventional discharge flow reactor via a molecular sampling system to a mass spectrometer with electron impact ionization allowed the determination of labile and stable species (set-up A). The radicals are formed by H atom abstraction in the reactions CH3Cl + F and CH2Cl2 + F. The product analysis leads to the following branching fractions relative to precursor consumption: For CH2Cl + O, the channel HCHO + Cl yields 19 % and CO + HCl + H yields 43 %, the contributions of the labile species HCO is found but not quantified. For CHCl2 + O the channel CO + HCl + Cl yields 70 %, ClCHO and the labile ClCO are detected but not quantified. The comparison to CH3 + O shows the stepwise increase of channel fractions for the CO forming routes by chlorination of the methyl radical. The rates of the reactions have been studied relative to CH3 + O and CH3OCH2 + O. Laser-induced multiphoton ionization combined with TOF mass spectrometry and molecular beam sampling from a flow reactor (set-up B) was used for the specific and sensitive detection of the CH2Cl, CHCl2, CH3, and CH3OCH2 radicals. The rate coefficient of the reactions CH2Cl + O was derived with reference to the reaction CH3OCH2 leading to k = (8.1±1.8)×1013 cm3/(mol·s) and for CHCl2 + O with reference to CH3 + O leading to k = (3.8±1.9)×1013 cm3/(mol·s). For CH3Cl + F and CH2Cl2 + F the rate coefficients have been determined with set-up A leading to k = (4.3±0.9)×1013 cm3/(mol·s) for CH3Cl + F and k = (8.4±3.8)×1013 cm3/(mol·s) for CH2Cl2 + F. Only a negligible temperature dependence in the temperature range from 250–360 K was observed for all reactions studied.
CO Formation in the 254 nm Gas Phase Photolysis of Nitrosobenzene-Oxygen Mixtures at Room Temperature
Authors: Schuler D. F. , Zabel F. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Large CO yields were detected in the gas phase photolysis of nitrosobenzene at 254 nm in the presence of O2 and N2 by long-path IR absorption in a 200 L photoreactor made of quartz. CO yields were measured at 298 K for partial pressures of O2 between 1 μbar and 1 bar and total pressures from 10 μbar to 1 bar. Depending on reaction conditions, the CO yield varied between ≤ 1 % (at p
N2 = 1 bar, p
O2 ≤ 120 μbar) and ≈ 100 % (for pO2 = 20 μbar, p
N2 = 0). The dependencies of the CO yield (i) from the O2 partial pressure in O2-N2-mixtures at a total pressure of 1 bar, (ii) from the O2 pressure in the absence of N2, and (iii) from the total pressure at constant O2 pressures show very different behaviour. They can be reproduced well by a mechanism involving vibrationally excited phenyl (C6H5*), phenylperoxy (C6H5O2*) and phenoxyl (C6H5O*) radicals where collisional relaxation of the excited radicals competes with O2 addition for C6H5* and with both unimolecular decomposition and reaction with O2 for C6H5O2* and/or C6H5O*. The measured CO yields allow to select reaction conditions where nearly exclusively either highly vibrationally excited C6H5, C6H5O2 and/or C6H5O radicals (for CO yields ≈ 1) or thermally distributed C6H5, C6H5O2 and/or C6H5O radicals (for CO yields ≤ 1 %) are formed.
Chemistry and Microphysics of Atmospheric Aerosol Surfaces: Laboratory Techniques and Applications
Authors: Zellner Reinhard , Behr P. , Seisel S. , Somnitz Holger , Treuel L. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A number of current techniques are presented by which the chemistry of interaction of selected gas phase species with atmospheric surfaces as well as the microphysical behaviour of such surfaces can be investigated. The techniques discussed include (i) the coated wall flow tube reactor, (ii) the Knudsen-cell / DRIFT spectroscopy, (iii) the surface aerosol microscopy and (iv) the molecular beam scattering technique. In each of these methods specific and robust information is deduced on the kinetics and thermodynamics of gas adsorption and reaction on surfaces. Specific examples include the adsorption of acetone on ice surfaces, the adsorption and reaction of SO2 on iron oxides, the hygroscopic and phase behaviour of binary and ternary salt solution droplets (ammonium sulphate and ammonium sulphate / dicarboxylic acids solutions) as well as on the dynamics of inelastic collisions of noble gases on super-cooled sulphuric acid surfaces. In addition we also show how quantum chemistry can be utilized to assist in interpreting absorption energies on structurally different ice surfaces. Whilst each example represents different aspects of heterogenous atmospheric interactions, they jointly represent significant progress in laboratory investigations of multi-phase atmospheric chemistry with substantial potential for application to other systems and/or problems.
Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling Corrects for Population Structure in Association Mapping With Different Sample Types
Authors: Zhu Chengsong , Yu Jianming 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Recent research has developed various promising methods to control for population structure in genomewide association mapping of complex traits, but systematic examination of how well these methods perform under different genetic scenarios is still lacking. Appropriate methods for controlling genetic relationships among individuals need to balance the concern of false positives and statistical power, which can vary for different association sample types. We used a series of simulated samples and empirical data sets from cross- and self-pollinated species to demonstrate the performance of several contemporary methods in correcting for different types of genetic relationships encountered in association analysis. We proposed a two-stage dimension determination approach for both principal component analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) to capture the major structure pattern in association mapping samples. Our results showed that by exploiting both genotypic and phenotypic information, this two-stage dimension determination approach balances the trade-off between data fit and model complexity, resulting in an effective reduction in false positive rate with minimum loss in statistical power. Further, the nMDS technique of correcting for genetic relationship proved to be a powerful complement to other existing methods. Our findings highlight the significance of appropriate application of different statistical methods for dealing with complex genetic relationships in various genomewide association studies.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Aggressive Behavior inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Edwards Alexis C , Mackay Trudy F C 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAggressive behavior is observed across animal taxa and is likely to be evolutionarily conserved. Although potentially advantageous, aggression can have social and health consequences in humans, and is a component of a number of psychiatric disorders. As a complex genetic trait, it is modulated by numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) with allelic effects that can vary in direction and magnitude and that are sensitive to environmental perturbations. Assays to quantify aggressive behavior in Drosophila melanogaster have been developed, making this an ideal model system in which to dissect the genomic architecture underlying manifestation of and variation in aggressive behavior. Here, we map QTL affecting variation in aggression between two wild-type Drosophila strains. We identified a minimum of five QTL in a genomewide scan: two on chromosome 2 and three on chromosome 3. At least three and possibly all five of these QTL interact epistatically. We used deficiency complementation mapping to subdivide two linked, epistatically interacting QTL of large effect on chromosome 3 into at least six QTL, and complementation tests to mutations identified four candidate quantitative trait genes. Extensive epistasis poses a serious challenge for understanding the genetic basis of complex traits.
Rrm3 Protects the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome From Instability at Nascent Sites of Retrotransposition
Authors: Stamenova Radostina , Maxwell Patrick H , Kenny Alison E , Curcio M Joan 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The DNA helicase Rrm3 promotes replication fork progression through &gt;1000 discrete genomic regions and represses the cDNA-mediated mobility of the Ty1 retrotransposon. We explored the connection between DNA replication and Ty1 retromobility by investigating the basis of increased retromobility in an rrm3 mutant. Even though Ty1 cDNA levels are increased in the absence of RRM3, neither the level nor target-site specificity of cDNA integration was altered. Instead, cDNA was incorporated into the genome by a Rad52-dependent mechanism that did not involve gene conversion of genomic Ty1 sequences. In rrm3 isolates, incorporated cDNA was often present in tandem arrays. Multimeric cDNA arrays probably arise during chromosomal break repair, since their appearance was strongly correlated with the formation of gross chromosomal rearrangements. Moreover, Ty1 multimers were invariantly located on rearranged chromosomes, when present. Overexpression of a cellular RNase H, which degrades RNA in an RNA:DNA hybrid, completely suppressed the increase in Ty1 multimer formation in an rrm3 mutant. We propose that RNA:DNA hybrid regions within nascent retrotransposition events block replication in an rrm3 mutant, leading to chromosome breaks within Ty1 sequences. Multiple extragenomic Ty1 cDNA molecules are then used as donors in recombinational repair of the break before it is healed.
Sugar moiety has a direct influence on the secondary structure and properties of sturgeon gonadotropin
Authors: Zenkevičs Henriks , Vosekalna Ilze , Vose Vija 
Published: May 2009

Sugar moiety has a direct influence on the secondary structure and properties of sturgeon gonadotropin
Sturgeon Acipenser güldenstädti Br. gonadotropic hormone (GTH) β-subunit (β-GTH) was selectively chemically deglycosylated (dg) by anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and trifluoromethane sulfonic acid. Two dgβ-GTH molecular forms retaining 35% (dgβ-GTH1) and 13% (dgβ-GTH2) of their initial carbohydrates were obtained. Investigation of the reassociated α-β hybrid dimers (recombinants) α-GTH+dgβ-GTH1 and α-GTH+dgβ-GTH2 showed that the immunoreactivity with antiserum raised against standard GTH dropped by 22.5%. Hybrid dimers were recognised by the standard GTH antibodies, which indicated that the sugar moiety was not required for the counterpart subunit interaction. Hormonal activity of the α-GTH+dgβ-GTH1 dropped twofold while the hybrid dimer α-GTH+dgβ-GTH2 completely lost its activity in in vitro tests on the frog oocytes. CD-spectra indicated considerable changes in the secondary structure of the α-GTH+dgβ-GTH2: content of the β-structures decreased fourfold, but disordered structure content increased by 52% in comparison with that of the standard α-GTH+β-GTH. However, the individual dgβ-GTH1 and dgβ-GTH2 did not show any considerable differences in their secondary structure in comparison with that of the standard subunit β-GTH. It was evident that the slightly changed secondary structure of the dgβ-GTH2 as such might not be able to produce drastic distortions in the hybrid dimer structure. A conclusion is made that the carbohydrate moiety of the β-GTH has a predominant role as a direct stabiliser of the functionally effective secondary structure of the whole sturgeon GTH heterodimeric α-β molecule.
The HauntedNomos: Activist-Artists and the (Im)possible Politics of Memory in Transitional Argentina
Authors: Bell Vikki , di Paolantonio Mario 
Published: May 2009

The article considers the role that contemporary visual art and activist-artists have played in transitional Argentina, beginning from the premise that they might be understood as involved in the staging of a wide-ranging shift implied by the term transition. We have chosen three points of entry into this exploration, discussed in three sections: first, the debates around the future of the building Escuela de Mechanica de la Armada (ESMA) in Buenos Aires, which was used as a clandestine detention and extermination center during the dictatorship (1976–83); secondly, the memorial project that is El Parque de la Memoria, which is still under construction in Buenos Aires; and, thirdly, the reexhibition of visual artworks from the period of the dictatorship brought together as the group show Cuerpo y Materia (2006), curated by María Teresa Constantin as part of the public marking of the thirtieth anniversary of the military coup.Drawing on the sociolegal perspective of Robert Cover, we consider these sites as engaging questions of memory, temporality, and membership that are both normative and, potentially, world-making in his sense. It is argued that the aesthetic, as a register that does not (wish to) articulate its demands on law in the latter's terms, nevertheless critiques and calls on law insofar as these sites (re)mark the present against (im)possible Justice. In the relations between the absent bodies of the disappeared, the desires of the “social” body and the abstract regulative body of the law, it is the “liveliness” of the haunted nomos that kindles hope that in conjuring with ghosts, people will continue to contest, to propose, and to reconsider their commitments in the pursuit of Justice.
Clinical characterization of Collagen XII‐related disease caused by biallelic COL12A1 variants
Authors: McCarty Riley M. , Saade Dimah , Munot Pinki , Laverty Chamindra G. , Pinz Hailey , Zou Yaqun , McAnally Meghan , Yun Pomi , Tian Cuixia , Hu Ying , Feng Lucy , Phadke Rahul , Ceulemans Sophia , Magoulas Pilar , Skalsky Andrew J. , Friedman Jennifer R. , Braddock Stephen R. , Neuhaus Sarah B. , Malicki Denise M. , Bainbridge Matthew N. , Nahas Shareef , Dimmock David P. , Kingsmore Stephen F. , Lotze Timothy E. , Foley A. Reghan , Muntoni Francesco , Straub Volker , Donkervoort Sandra , Bönnemann Carsten G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveWhile there have been several reports of patients with dominantly acting COL12A1 variants, few cases of the more severe recessive Collagen XII‐related disorders have previously been documented.MethodsWe present detailed clinical, immunocytochemical, and imaging data on eight additional patients from seven families with biallelic pathogenic variants in COL12A1.ResultsAll patients presented with a consistent constellation of congenital onset clinical features: hypotonia, dysmorphic features, most notably gingival hypertrophy, prominent distal joint hyperlaxity, with co‐occurring contractures of large joints, and variable muscle involvement, evident both clinically and on muscle imaging. Five patients presented with a severe congenital phenotype manifesting with profound weakness, significantly delayed or minimal attainment of motor milestones, respiratory insufficiency, and feeding difficulties. Three patients presented with mild‐to‐moderate muscle weakness and delayed milestones but were able to achieve independent ambulation. Patients were found to have biallelic loss‐of‐function COL12A1 variants, except for one family (p.I1393Ffs*11/p.A1110D). Consistent with the variable clinical spectrum, in vitro immunocytochemistry analysis in fibroblasts ranged from complete absence of Collagen XII expression in a patient with severe disease, to a mild reduction in a patient with milder disease.InterpretationHere we characterize the clinical presentation, muscle imaging, and dermal fibroblast immunostaining findings associated with biallelic variants in COL12A1, further establishing COL12A1 as a recessive myopathic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (mEDS) gene, and expanding the clinical spectrum to include a milder EDS phenotype.
Adaptive Fixed‐Time Control for Switched Nonlinear Systems With Actuator Faults
Authors: Liu Shuo , Zhang Huaguang , Pang Hongbo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article concerns the adaptive fuzzy fixed‐time tracking control of uncertain switched strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with external disturbances and actuator faults, which consist of the loss of effectiveness and switched time‐varying bias fault. Fuzzy fixed‐time control problem of each subsystem is not required to be solvable, an adaptive state‐dependent switching law with dwell time and adaptive fuzzy fixed‐time fault‐tolerant controllers are designed constructively to make the output to track a reference signal in fixed time based on a switched fixed‐time command filter. The designed switching law is dependent on adaptive parameter estimation, which can prevent the Zeno behavior from happening. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the developed method, it is applied to switched RLC circuit system.
An Implantable Biohybrid Neural Interface Toward Synaptic Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Sifringer Léo , Fratzl Alex , Clément Blandine F. , Chansoria Parth , Mönkemöller Leah S. , Duru Jens , Ihle Stephan J. , Steffens Simon , Beltraminelli Anna , Ceylan Eylul , Hengsteler Julian , Maurer Benedikt , Weaver Sean M. , Tringides Christina M. , Vulić Katarina , Madduri Srinivas , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy , Roska Botond , Vörös János , Ruff Tobias 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn patients with sensory nerve loss, such as those experiencing optic nerve damage that leads to vision loss, the thalamus no longer receives the corresponding sensory input. To restore functional sensory input, it is necessary to bypass the damaged circuits, which can be achieved by directly stimulating the appropriate sensory thalamic nuclei. However, available deep brain stimulation electrodes do not provide the resolution required for effective sensory restoration. Therefore, this work develops an implantable biohybrid neural interface aimed at innervating and synaptically stimulating deep brain targets. The interface combines a stretchable stimulation array with an aligned microfluidic axon guidance system seeded with neural spheroids to facilitate the development of a 3 mm long nerve‐like structure. A bioresorbable hydrogel nerve conduit is used as a bridge between the tissue and the biohybrid implant. Stimulation of the spheroids within the biohybrid structure in vitro and use of high‐density CMOS microelectrode arrays show faithful activity conduction across the device. Although functional in vivo innervation and synapse formation has not yet been achieved in this study, implantation of the biohybrid nerve onto the mouse cortex shows that neural spheroids grow axons in vivo and remain functionally active for more than 22 days post‐implantation.
2D Perovskite/Organic Heterojunction Black‐Light Level Photodetector with Record‐High Detectivity
Authors: Xi Yuying , Li Guohui , Jiao Jinyang , Ji Ting , Hao Yuying , Cui Yanxia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract2D single‐crystal perovskites have attracted interest due to their excellent photoelectric properties and improved moisture stability, making them promising for various optoelectronic applications. However, challenges remain, particularly low carrier collection efficiency caused by high exciton binding energy. This study introduces self‐powered heterojunction photodetectors (PDs) based on (PEA)2PbI4/ZnPc, enhancing carrier conduction by the configuration of lateral electrodes and regulating carrier/exciton dynamics via the heterojunction design. The PD achieves an impressive detectivity of 1.14 × 1016 Jones, a 770% increase compared to the control, with a detection limit reaching the black‐light level of 3 pW cm−2 under 532 nm at 1 V bias. This performance surpasses all previously reported 2D perovskite PDs and is attributed to suppressed dark current and increased photocurrent. The built‐in electric field at the heterojunction counteracts part of the forward bias, reducing intrinsic carrier motion in (PEA)2PbI4 in the dark. It also effectively dissociates photogenerated excitons, minimizing radiative recombination under illumination. This allows the device to detect weak light at the black‐light level in self‐driven mode. Additionally, the heterojunction device extends the detectable wavelength to 980 nm. This PD has been successfully applied in acousto‐optic conversion communication, highlighting its potential for low‐power, energy‐efficient optical communication solutions.