bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter microstructure in 22q11 deletion syndrome: a pilot diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based morphometry study of children and adolescents
Authors: Sundram Frederick , Campbell Linda E. , Azuma Rayna , Daly Eileen , Bloemen Oswald J. N. , Barker Gareth J. , Chitnis Xavier , Jones Derek K. , van Amelsvoort Therese , Murphy Kieran C. , Murphy Declan G. M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Young people with 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) are at substantial risk for developing psychosis and have significant differences in white matter (WM) volume. However, there are few in vivo studies of both WM microstructural integrity (as measured using Diffusion Tensor (DT)-MRI) and WM volume in the same individual. We used DT-MRI and structural MRI (sMRI) with voxel based morphometry (VBM) to compare, respectively, the fractional anisotropy (FA) and WM volume of 11 children and adolescents with 22q11DS and 12 controls. Also, within 22q11DS we related differences in WM to severity of schizotypy, and polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. People with 22q11DS had significantly lower FA in inter-hemispheric and brainstem and frontal, parietal and temporal lobe regions after covarying for IQ. Significant WM volumetric increases were found in the internal capsule, anterior brainstem and frontal and occipital lobes. There was a significant negative correlation between increased schizotypy scores and reduced WM FA in the right posterior limb of internal capsule and the right body and left splenium of corpus callosum. Finally, the Val allele of COMT was associated with a significant reduction in both FA and volume of WM in the frontal lobes, cingulum and corpus callosum. Young people with 22q11DS have significant differences in both WM microstructure and volume. Also, there is preliminary evidence that within 22q11DS, some regional differences in FA are associated with allelic variation in COMT and may perhaps also be associated with schizotypy.
An Effective Process for Making Decisions About Major Operating Room Purchases
Authors: Pennington Carol , DeRienzo Nancy Ruby 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn today's economy, it is imperative that nurses exhibit stewardship for their organization's resources and help ensure that purchasing decisions are sound. Regardless of the decision‐making method chosen, a formal, consistent review process that evaluates cost, compares products, examines implications, analyzes risk, uses evidence, and includes safety and outcome measures is vital to success. Clinical Quality Value Analysis (CQVA) is a product evaluation platform that can be used to determine whether a proposed product or service will add value to the organization as well as improve patient outcomes. Using CQVA for a proposed product or service is a five‐step process: assess, plan, design, implement, and measure/sustain.
Localised Microsphaeropsis Arundinis Infection of the Subcutis of a Cat
Authors: Krockenberger Mark B , Martin Patricia , Halliday Catriona , Rothwell Terry L W , Clarke Kelvin , Malik Richard 
Published: March 2010

Clinical presentation and diagnosis An 11-year-old spayed domestic crossbred cat was presented for two focal lesions affecting the subcutis that developed 3 weeks after a cat fight. Lesions consisted of swelling of the subcutaneous tissues over the bridge of the nose and a focal swelling of the dewclaw pad of the left thoracic limb. Both lesions were attributable to localised infections with the unusual fungal pathogen Microsphaeropsis arundinis, based on direct microscopy of smear cytology, histology, fungal culture, internal transcribed spacer-polymerase chain reaction (ITS-PCR) and sequence analysis of formalin-fixed tissue and colonial material from primary culture. Treatment The dewclaw pad lesion resolved following cytoreductive surgery and a course of itraconazole (50 mg once daily). The nasal bridge lesion was treated in a similar fashion, except that a range of different antifungal agents (itraconazole, fluconazole, posaconazole) were used, administered sequentially. Despite this, the infection recurred on three subsequent occasions, and the cat has been prescribed indefinite azole therapy. Practical relevance This report of a refractory localised infection of the subcutis in an apparently immune-competent cat illustrates the value of using a mycology reference laboratory, and PCR and sequence analysis for organism identification, and the therapeutic potential of new antifungal agents such as posaconazole.
Acquired Motor Neuron Loss Causing Severe Pelvic Limb Contractures in a Young Cat
Authors: Rohdin Cecilia , Karlstam Erika , Jäderlund Karin Hultin , Shelton G Diane 
Published: March 2010

Presentation This report describes a kitten with paraplegia and extensor rigidity of the pelvic limbs associated with motor neuron loss and chronic denervation of skeletal muscle. Persistent skeletal muscle atrophy and degeneration had resulted in immobile stifle and hock joints and severe pelvic limb rigidity consistent with a neurogenic form of arthrogryposis. Both pelvic limbs were equally affected and the kitten showed no signs of pain. Investigations Electromyography identified spontaneous activity in the pelvic limbs. Muscle and peripheral nerve biopsies showed pathology consistent with denervation. On necropsy, 3 weeks after admittance, severe degenerative changes including axonal necrosis and myelin degeneration were confirmed in the lumbar spinal cord. Clinical relevance There are very few descriptions of feline motor neuron degeneration in the literature and obtaining an ante-mortem diagnosis is difficult. Although an inherited disorder cannot be ruled out, a condition acquired congenitally in utero or postnatally was suspected in this case.
Effect of diet, sex and age on fatty acid metabolism in broiler chickens: SFA and MUFA
Authors: Poureslami R. , Turchini G. M. , Raes K. , Huyghebaert G. , De Smet S. 
Published: March 2010

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary lipid sources, age and sex on the SFA and MUFA metabolism in broiler chickens using a whole body fatty acid balance method. Four dietary lipid sources (palm fat, Palm; soyabean oil, Soya; linseed oil, Lin; and fish oil, Fish) were added at 3 % to a basal diet containing 5 % Palm. Diets were fed to female and male chickens from day 1 to either day 21 or day 42 of age. The accumulation (percentage of net intake andex novoproduction) of SFA and MUFA was significantly lower in broilers fed on Palm than in broilers fed on the other diets (85·7v.97·4 %). Conversely, β-oxidation was significantly higher in Palm-fed birds than the average of the other dietary treatments (14·3v.2·6 %). On average, 33·1 % of total SFA and MUFA accumulated in the body were elongated, and 13·8 % were Δ-9 desaturated to longer chain or more unsaturated metabolites, with lower proportions being elongated and desaturated for the Palm and Fish diets than for the Soya and Lin diets. Totalin vivoapparent elongase activity decreased exponentially in relation to the net intake of SFA and MUFA, while it increased with age. Totalin vivoapparent Δ-9 desaturase activity was not significantly affected by dietary treatment or age. Totalex novoproduction and β-oxidation of SFA and MUFA showed a negative and positive curvilinear relationship with net intake of SFA and MUFA, respectively. Sex had no effect on SFA and MUFA metabolism.
Diopsidites from a Neoproterozoic–Cambrian suture in southern India
Authors: SANTOSH M. , RAJESH V. J. , TSUNOGAE T. , ARAI S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report the occurrence and characteristics of diopsidite dykes and veins from the Palghat-Cauvery Suture Zone (PCSZ) marking the boundary between the Archaean Dharwar craton to the north and the Proterozoic Madurai Block to the south, which is considered as a trace of the Cambrian Gondwana suture zone in southern India. The diopsidites are composed predominantly of coarse crystals of diopside [Mg no. (100 Mg/(Mg+Fetot)) up to 89] surrounded by retrograde calcic amphibole, plagioclase and phlogopite with accessory titanite and calcite. The major, trace and rare earth element characteristics of the diopside crystals suggest their formation in a subduction zone setting. We correlate the petrogenesis of the diopsidites with the tectonics associated with the subduction and closure of the Neoproterozoic Mozambique Ocean prior to the final collisional assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent in Cambrian.
Critical Issues in the Human Rights Mandate of the ECOWAS Court of Justice
Authors: Ebobrah Solomon T 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new opportunity for international human rights litigation in West Africa was presented in 2005 when the Economic Community of West African States adopted a protocol to empower its judicial organ, the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice, to determine cases of human rights violation that occur in ECOWAS member states. Since then, several human rights claims have been brought before the court. However, critical questions concerning the legality of the new mandate and the suitability of the court to exercise a human rights jurisdiction have lingered. Beginning with an inquiry into the foundation within ECOWAS for the exercise of a human rights jurisdiction, this article analyses the legitimacy of the human rights mandate of the ECOWAS court and interrogates crucial issues relevant to the effectiveness of the mandate. The article suggests ways to enhance execution of the mandate and concludes with a call for careful judicial navigation in the exercise of the court's expanded jurisdiction.
Experimental backlash study in mechanical manipulators
Authors: Lima Miguel F. M. , Machado J. A. Tenreiro , Crisóstomo Manuel 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYThe behavior of mechanical manipulators with backlash is analyzed. In order to acquire and study the signals an experimental setup is implemented. The signal processing capabilities of the wavelets are used for de-noising the experimental signals and the energy of the obtained components is analyzed. To evaluate the backlash effect upon the robotic system, it is proposed an index based on the pseudo phase plane representation. Several tests are developed that demonstrate the coherence of the results.
Sons Who Care: Examining the Experience and Meaning of Filial Caregiving for Married and Never-Married Sons
Authors: Campbell Lori D. 
Published: March 2010

RÉSUMÉLes femmes fournissent généralement plus que les hommes dans les soins des enfants. La prédominance numérique des aidantes féminines a été expliquée de telle façon que la diversité chez les aidants masculins a été négligée. C’est à dire que les explica-tions internes, qui mettent l’accent sur l’expérience de socialisation divergentes des femmes et des hommes, ont la tendance à homogénéiser l’expérience de soins du groupe de chaque sexe. Pourtant, les explications externes, qui permettent de faire ressortir les facteurs divers qui motivent les femmes et les hommes à s’occuper des soins, réduisent les acteurs aux agents passives dont la compréhension subjective des soins au fil du temps est ignorée. Les deux explications détournent l’attention de la diversité dans les soins de sexe masculin. Cet article présente des données qualitatives dérivées des entrevues avec 48 des fils de soins pour fournir des preuves de cette diversité. Certains thèmes sont communs aux hommes aidants mariés et aidants jamais mariés, mais il y a également des différences systématiques entre les deux expériences des soins. Pour les fils mariés les soins étaient plus limités; les soins pour les fils jamais mariés étaient un élément plus central dans leurs vies.
The Effects and Costs of a Multifactorial and Interdisciplinary Team Approach to Falls Prevention for Older Home Care Clients ‘At Risk’ for Falling: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Markle-Reid Maureen , Browne Gina , Gafni Amiram , Roberts Jacqueline , Weir Robin , Thabane Lehana , Miles Melody , Vaitonis Vida , Hecimovich Catherine , Baxter Pamela , Henderson Sandra 
Published: March 2010

RÉSUMÉCette étude a déterminé les effets et les coûts d’une approche d’équipe multifactoriel et interdisciplinaire à la prévention des chutes. Essai contrôlé aléatoire de 109 adultes plus âgés qui sont à risque de chutes. Ce fut une stratégie de prévention multifactoriel fondée sur des données probantes de 6 mois, impliquant une équipe interdisciplinaire. Le résultat principal a été le nombre des chutes suivi pendant 6 mois. À 6 mois, il n’y a aucune différence dans le nombre moyen de chutes entre groupes. Des analyses des sous-groupes ont montrés que l’intervention réduit efficacement les chutes chez les hommes (75–84 ans) qui ont peur de tomber ou une histoire négative de chutes. Le nombre de glissades et de trébuchés a été considérablement réduit, et la santé émotionnelle a montré une amélioration plus importante dans le fonctionnement lié à la santé émotionnelle dans le groupe d’intervention. La qualité de vie a été améliorée, glissades et trébuchés ont été réduits, comme l’étaient les chutes chez les hommes qui avaient peur de tomber ou une histoire de chutes négative.
What Will the Family Composition of Older Persons Be Like Tomorrow? A Comparison of Canada and France
Authors: Gaymu Joëlle , Busque Marc-Antoine , Légaré Jacques , Décarie Yann , Vézina Samuel , Keefe Janice 
Published: March 2010

RÉSUMÉL’ensemble des sociétés occidentales connaissent actuellement une croissance considérable des personnes âgées de 75 ans et plus. De nombreux changements familiaux affectant ces sociétés, il est pertinent de se demander qui prendra en charge les aînés de demain en cas de besoin d’assistance. Cet article compare les projections démographiques du réseau familial des personnes âgées de 75 ans et plus jusqu’en 2030 au Canada et en France. Au cours des 25 années prochaines, le vivier des aidants familiaux potentiels, constitué des conjoint(e)s et des enfants, s’élargira en raison des effets du Baby Boom (dont l’ampleur a été particulièrement forte au Canada) et de la proportion croissante de femmes qui ont un conjoint. Les populations les plus tributaires de l’aide formelle – sans soutien potentiel provenant d’un enfant ou d’un conjoint – augmenteront à un rythme beaucoup plus soutenu au Canada (123 pour cent) qu’en France (34 pour cent), mais moins rapidement toutefois que l’ensemble des personnes âgées. Les politiques publiques de ces deux pays devront être adaptées afin de soutenir adéquatement des effectifs croissants de personnes âgées confrontés à la dépendance de leurs conjoints. Au Canada, ces politiques devront, de plus, faire face à une hausse, plus forte qu’en France, du nombre d’aînés qui dépendront des services d’aide formelles.
Oceanographic observations of eddies impacting the Prince Edward Islands, South Africa
Authors: Durgadoo Jonathan V. , Ansorge Isabelle J. , Lutjeharms Johann R.E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe ecosystem of the isolated Prince Edward Islands, south of the African continent, is strongly impacted by ocean eddies that are associated with the eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Satellite altimetry has revealed that the archipelago lies in a region of enhanced eddy kinetic energy. In the late 1990s it became apparent that in order to understand the influence of these eddies on the islands’ ecosystem, the source, trajectory and nature of these eddies needed to be studied and understood. To this end a special research project with a strong ocean-going component was designed, the DEIMEC (Dynamics of Eddy Impact on Marion’s ECosystem) programme. In this review we focus on the physical oceanography and summarize the aims, the results and the successes of this South African research initiative. In the vicinity of the Prince Edward Islands, an average of three intense well-defined eddies is observed per year. Their advection speeds are of the order of a few kilometres per day and longevities of 7–11 months. These features, ofc.100 km in diameter and reaching depths of at least 1000 m, transport anomalous water masses across the Polar Frontal Zone.
Experience from a single centre concerning the surgical spectrum and outcome of adolescents and adults with congenitally malformed hearts in West Africa
Authors: Edwin Frank , Sereboe Lawrence A. , Tettey Mark M. , Aniteye Ernest A. , Kotei David A. , Tamatey Martin M. , Entsua-Mensah Kow , Frimpong-Boateng Kwabena 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study was undertaken to review the spectrum and surgical outcome of adolescents and adults with congenitally malformed hearts from January, 1993 to December, 2008. The lack of data on this emerging problem from the West African sub-region prompted this report.Patients and MethodThis retrospective study is based on 135 adolescents and adults with congenitally malformed hearts. A review of their case notes and operative records was carried out and results analysed.ResultsSelected patients made up 23% of all congenital cardiac surgeries performed at our institution in the same period. A total of 23 patients (17%) were non-Ghanaian West Africans. There was a female preponderance of 53.3%. The ages ranged from 16 to 70 years (mean 28.6 plus or minus 10.3 years). The mean follow-up was 7.5 plus or minus 4.4 years. Patients were functionally classified (New York Heart Association) as class I (23%), II (58%), and III (19%). In 14 (10.4%) patients, the defects were discovered incidentally. Ventricular septal defects, oval fossa type atrial septal defects, Fallot’s tetralogy, and patent arterial duct together accounted for 77.8% of the cases. Surgical correction was undertaken in 117 (86.7%) patients; the remainder had palliative procedures. There were six (4.3%) reoperations. The functional class improved to class I or II in 95% of patients within the first postoperative year. The overall hospital mortality was 3% with two late deaths (1.5%).ConclusionThe study demonstrates the feasibility of surgery for adolescents and adults with congenitally malformed hearts in the sub-region with a good outcome. Majority (77.8%) of patients present with less complex lesions.
Improving results of atrioventricular valve repair in challenging patients with heterotaxy syndrome
Authors: Ota Noritaka , Fujimoto Yoshifumi , Hirose Keiichi , Tosaka Yuko , Nakata Tomohiro , Ide Yujiro , Sakamoto Kisaburo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectivesHeterotaxy syndrome, which is often associated with atrioventricular valvar regurgitation, has been considered a risk factor for the surgical repair for Fontan candidates. The results of atrioventricular valve repair in this challenging patient population remain largely unknown.MethodsFrom July, 1994 to January, 2007, 25 patients with the heterotaxy syndrome consisting of 22 right isomerism and three left isomerism presented to the Shizuoka Children’s Hospital Japan with significant (3–4+) atrioventricular valvar regurgitation necessitating atrioventricular valve repair. The clinical and Doppler/echocardiographic data were retrospectively reviewed to determine the efficacy of the repair and patient outcome.ResultsPatients were divided into two groups on the basis of atrioventricular valvar regurgitation at the most recent follow-up: those with a successful late outcome, (0–2) and those with a poor outcome (3–4). There were 17 (67%) patients with a successful outcome and 8 (33%) with a poor outcome. The repair technique including leaflet apposition was predictive of a successful outcome (p = 0.003). Overall survival was 64% (16/25). Survival was 88.2% (15/17) for patients with a successful result versus 12.5% (1/8) for those with a poor outcome (p = 0.0007). Of the 15 survivors, 13 have reached final completion of the Fontan circulation, and two currently remain at the bi-directional Glenn shunt stage.ConclusionAtrioventricular valve repair can be accomplished in this challenging patient population with excellent results. The combination of the leaflet apposition technique and the Kay suture can be performed with an excellent outcome in the majority of patients with heterotaxy syndrome, even with significant atrioventricular valvar regurgitation.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Loeys–Dietz syndrome
Authors: Valverde Israel , Simpson John , Beerbaum Philipp 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLoeys–Dietz syndrome is a newly described entity characterised by a constellation of arterial tortuosity, cranial malformations, and hypertelorism. We report a case of a 7-year old boy with confirmed Loeys–Dietz syndrome and discuss magnetic resonance imaging as a complete technique for assessment and follow-up of aggressive vascular pathology in the brain, thorax, and abdomen, which may dictate early surgical intervention.
A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of CoFe2O4 Ferrite Nanoparticles in Silica Aerogel Matrix Using HREM and STEM Imaging and EDX Spectroscopy and EELS
Authors: Falqui Andrea , Corrias Anna , Wang Peng , Snoeck Etienne , Mountjoy Gavin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMagnetic nanocomposite materials consisting of 5 and 10 wt% CoFe2O4 nanoparticles in a silica aerogel matrix have been synthesized by the sol-gel method. For the CoFe2O4-10wt% sample, bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (BF STEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) images showed distinct, rounded CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, with typical diameters of roughly 8 nm. For the CoFe2O4-5wt% sample, BF STEM images and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements showed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with diameters of roughly 3 ± 1 nm. EDX measurements indicate that all nanoparticles consist of stoichiometric CoFe2O4, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements from lines crossing nanoparticles in the CoFe2O4-10wt% sample show a uniform composition within nanoparticles, with a precision of at best than ±0.5 nm in analysis position. BF STEM images obtained for the CoFe2O4-10wt% sample showed many “needle-like” nanostructures that typically have a length of ∼10 nm and a width of ∼1 nm, and frequently appear to be attached to nanoparticles. These needle-like nanostructures are observed to contain layers with interlayer spacing 0.33 ± 0.1 nm, which could be consistent with Co silicate hydroxide, a known precursor phase in these nanocomposite materials.
European policymaking on the tobacco advertising ban: the importance of escape routes
Authors: Adamini Sandra , Versluis Esther , Maarse Hans 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article analyses the European Union policymaking process regarding tobacco advertising. While others already highlighted the importance of intergovernmental bargaining between member states to explain the outcome of the tobacco advertising case, the main aim of this article is to identify the use of escape routes by the Commission, the European Parliament, the Council and interest groups that played an important role in overcoming the deadlock. When looking at the different institutions that structure policymaking, we argue that indeed focusing on escape routes provides a clear insight in the process and in what strategies were necessary to ‘make Europe work’. In the end, it appears to be a combination of escape routes that resulted in the final decision.
Whisker's Directional Selectivity: Orientation Columns in the Barrel Field?
Authors: Tsytsarev Vassiliy , Pope Daniel , Pumbo Elena , Yablonskii Alexander , Hofmann Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUsing voltage-sensitive dye optical imaging methods, we visualized neural activity in the rat barrel cortex in response to the deflection of a single whisker in different directions. Obtained data indicates that fast movements of single whiskers in varying directions correlate with different patterns of activation in the somatosensory cortex. A functional map was created based on the voltage-sensitive dye optical signal. This supports prior research that vibrissae deflections cause responses in different cortical neurons within the barrel field according to the direction of the deflection. By analogy with the orientation columns in the visual cortex, directionally-biased single whisker responses to different directions of deflection could be a possible mechanism for the directional selectivity of this important sensory response.