bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution ultrasound in monitoring patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Möller Ingrid , Bong David A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe development of high‐resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) has improved our ability to evaluate the structural and inflammatory pathology involving the articular cartilage and cortical bony surface of joints affected by osteoarthriris (OA). US has also allowed us to “visualize” the surrounding soft tissues ranging from synovium, joint capsule and retinacular supporting tissue to tendons, ligaments and nerves, and this, in turn, has given us a much more complete picture of the extent of damage caused by OA, the most common of all types of arthritis. As a result, it appears that inflammation of the synovium is a relevant feature in patients with OA. Early osteophytic bone changes at the interface of the joint capsule with the bony articular margin, degeneration of the articular cartilage and erosions including central erosion of erosive OA are the cardinal features of this disease and are all detected by HRMSUS. HRMSUS is effective in monitoring patients with OA and continues to evolve from a technical standpoint. Drug Dev Res 72:764–771, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amination of Ketones by Employing Two New (S)‐Selective ω‐Transaminases and the His‐Tagged ω‐TA from Vibrio fluvialis
Authors: Mutti Francesco G. , Fuchs Christine S. , Pressnitz Desiree , Turrini Nikolaus G. , Sattler Johann H. , Lerchner Alexandra , Skerra Arne , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo recently identified (S)‐selective ω‐transaminases (ω‐TAs) that originate from Paracoccus denitrificans (Strep‐PD‐ωTA, cloned with an N‐terminal Strep‐tag II) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF‐ωTA) were employed for the asymmetric amination of selected prochiral ketones. The substrates tested were transformed into optically pure amines (>99 % ee) with high conversion (up to >99 %). The ω‐TAs led to higher conversion in the absence of dimethyl sulfoxide as a cosolvent than in its presence (15 %, v/v). Additionally, it was shown that a His‐tagged recombinant transaminase from Vibrio fluvialis (His‐VF‐ωTA, cloned with an N‐terminal His6‐tag) showed for a single substrate, ethyl acetoacetate, significantly higher stereoselectivity for the amination compared to the corresponding commercial enzyme preparation (>99 vs. 50 %).
Enantioselective Recognition of Dopa Enantiomers in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid or Tyrosine
Authors: Han Qian , Chen Qiao , Wang Yonghua , Zhou Juan , Fu Yingzi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA simple sensor was obtained through N‐isobutyryl‐L‐(D)‐cysteine enantiomers self‐assembled monolayer. It was demonstrated that the N‐isobutyryl‐cysteine modified gold electrodes can enantioselectively recognize 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) enantiomers. The electrocatalytic behaviors of enantiomers were analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Selectivity of the chiral surface was estimated by investigating two mixture enantiomers (dopa‐ascorbic acid and dopa‐tyrosine), it certified that the sensor was only satisfactorily used to specific recognize dopa enantiomers. The possible mechanism for the enantioselective recognition was discussed.
Development of a Catalase‐Based Amperometric Biosensor for the Determination of Increased Catalase Content in Milk Samples
Authors: Fűtő Péter , Markus Gabriella , Kiss Attila , Adányi Nóra 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe aim of our work was to develop a selective amperometric biosensor for infected milk detection. The catalase enzyme (EC 1.11.1.6) was immobilized onto the surface of a thin‐layer enzyme cell. The measurements were carried out in stopped‐flow injection analysis system (0.8 mL min−1 flow rate, +590 mV polarization potential) in organic phase (6 % sodium acetate buffer 200 mM pH 6.0, ferrocene conductive salt (7.5 mg L−1) dissolved in acetonitrile. A certain amount of hydrogen peroxide was degraded by the catalase content of the milk. The degradation of the hydrogen peroxide is proportional to the infection of the milk samples.
Iron Ion Sensor Based on Functionalized ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Khun Kimleang , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain , Ali Syed Muhammad Usman , Chey Chan Ouern , Nur Omer , Willander Magnus 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work, we are presenting an iron ion (Fe3+) potentiometric sensor based on functionalized ZnO nanorods with selective ionophore (18 crown 6). Zinc oxide nanorods with a diameter of about 100 to 150 nm and 1 µm in length were grown on gold coated glass. The selective Fe3+ ionophore sensor with highly aligned ZnO nanorods showed high sensitivity, acceptable selectivity, reproducibility and a stable signal response for detecting Fe3+. The potentiometric response of the Fe3+ sensor with functionalized ZnO nanorods versus a Ag/AgCl reference electrode was observed to be linear over a logarithmic concentration range from 10−5 M to 10−2 M. The detection limit of the proposed sensor was about 5 µM, which is lower than the normal blood concentration of Fe3+ which is about 10 µM and can be up to 30 µM. The sensitivity of the proposed Fe3+ sensor was found to be 70.2±2.81 mV/decade with a regression coefficient R2=0.99 and a response time less than 5 s. The functionalized ZnO nanorods sensor with selective iron ionophore has a life time greater than one month and has shown insignificant interference with other ions usually present in the human blood serum. The proposed sensor was used as an indicator electrode for potentiometric titration.
Bismuth‐Coated Mesoporous Platinum Microelectrodes as Sensors for Formic Acid Detection
Authors: Daniele Salvatore , Bragato Carlo , Battistel Dario 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMesoporous platinum microeletrodes (MPtEs) modified by sub‐monolayers of irreversibly adsorbed bismuth (Bi‐MPtE) were investigated for their potential use as sensors for the detection of formic acid in direct formic acid fuel cells. The mesoporous platinum films were prepared by electrodeposition of platinum on Pt microdisks substrates 25 μm diameter, from hexachloroplatinic acid dissolved in the aqueous domain of the lyotropic liquid crystalline phase of octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether. The roughness factor (RF) of the MPtEs was about two orders of magnitude greater than those of the corresponding polished microelectrodes. Bismuth ad‐atoms onto the platinum surface were deposited by under potential deposition from 1 mM Bi3+ ions in 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions. The catalytic activity of a series of Bi‐MPtEs, characterized by different roughness and fractional bismuth coverage (θBi), towards the oxidation of HCOOH, was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and potential step experiments. Compared to MPtEs, Bi‐MPtEs displayed enhanced electrooxidation currents at lower potentials. The stability of irreversibly adsorbed bismuth, and consequently the Bi‐MPtEs catalytic activity, was found to depend on the high potential limit employed in the measurements. In general, both electrode stability and electrocatalytic performance were good, provided that the operational potential was kept ≤0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Bi‐MPtEs with θBi>0.3 provided almost sigmoidal shaped waves with low hysteresis, as those expected for microelectrodes working under steady state. The effect of concentration of HCOOH was investigated over the range 0.01–5 M, and linearity between current and concentration depended on both roughness factor and bismuth coverage. A Bi‐MPtE characterised by RF=210 and θBi≥0.6 provided linearity up to 2 M of formic acid. Reproducibility of the sensors was within 2 % (RSD). The same sensor, under the optimized experimental conditions, could be employed for at least two months with negligible loss of the initial performance.
Rapid and efficient protein enzymatic digestion: An experimental comparison
Authors: Dycka Filip , Bobal Pavel , Mazanec Karel , Bobalova Janette 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe major objective of proteomics is to identify and examine the large numbers of proteins extracted from complex biological systems. This is generally achieved by combining various techniques of protein separation with a mass spectrometric analysis of proteins that are digested enzymatically. Recently, several alternatives to this standard protocol have been developed for efficient and fast protein digestion. One option is the use of modified trypsin instead of native trypsin for the in‐gel digestion of proteins. Microwave, ultrasonic‐assisted protein enzymatic digestion and proteolysis accelerated by infrared radiation are other suitable alternatives. The application of the variable performance of the fast enzymatic digestion of proteins by using different techniques is reported here. The advantage of these methods is to have the ability to detect proteins in a shorter span of time. For example, using alternative protein digestion takes only minutes, in contrast to the several hours required by conventional methods. To demonstrate the suitability of this fast procedure, the digestion of carbonic anhydrase, bovine serum albumin, lysozyme and proteins extracted from plants (Hordeum vulgare, Arabidopsis thaliana) were used. Considering that the required reaction time for the conventional method is much longer, these applied methodic approaches tend to give in‐gel digestion a much higher efficiency rating. This study examines the fast, efficient and low‐cost proteolytic strategies for the digestion process, and for protein identification based on the use of ultrasound and infrared technology. In addition, comparisons of the applied techniques were studied. Several differences were found, suggesting the potential use of proteolysis accelerated by infrared radiation.
In situ demonstration and quantitative analysis of the intrinsic properties of glycoside hydrolases
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Liu Ning , Yang Fan , Li Jinghua , Wang Lushan , Chen Guanjun , Gao Peiji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBased on digital image analysis techniques and a series of optimizations in native electrophoresis, a new direct method to simultaneously detect the intrinsic properties of each active component in the enzymatic system of glycoside hydrolase was established. The key technique is that the concentration changes of substrate (or product) on the gel can be determined quantitatively by the gray value changes of the corresponding band after electrophoretic separation. In this manner, the catalytic characteristics of each glycoside hydrolase component were demonstrated in situ and were easily determined after immersing the gel in a series of solutions containing substrates or their derivatives. Because of its high throughput, great sensitivity, and convenient operation, this method can be used to demonstrate the natural diversity of glycoside hydrolases and to study spatial and temporal regulation in multienzyme expression systems. Thus, it is an effective approach to study the functional proteomics of glycoside hydrolases.
MicroRNA therapeutics in cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Thum Thomas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of human morbidity and mortality despite significant therapeutic improvements by surgical, interventional and pharmacological approaches in the last decade. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important and powerful mediators in a wide range of diseases and thus emerged as interesting new drug targets. An array of animal and even human miRNA‐based therapeutic studies has been performed, which validate miRNAs as being successfully targetable to treat a wide range of diseases. Here, the current knowledge about miRNAs therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases on their way to clinical use are reviewed and discussed.
Catchment lithology as a major control on alluvial megafan development, Kohrud Mountain range, central Iran
Authors: Arzani Nasser 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe relative importance of tectonics, climate, base level and source lithology as primary factors on alluvial‐fan evolution, fan morphology and sedimentary style remain in question. This study examines the role of catchment lithology on development and evolution of alluvial megafans (>30 km in length), along the flanks of the Kohrud Mountain range, NE Esfahan, central Iran. These fans toe out at axial basin river and playa‐fringe sediments towards the centre of basin and tectonics, climatic change and base‐level fluctuations, were consistent for their development. They formed in a tectonically active basin, under arid to semiarid climate and a long term (Plio‐Pleistocene to Recent) change from wetter to drier conditions. The key differences between two of these fans, Soh and Zefreh fans, along the west and south flanks of this mountain range, is that their catchments are underlain by dissimilar bedrock types. The source‐area lithologies of the Soh and Zefreh fans are in sedimentary and igneous terrains, respectively, and these fans developed their geometry mainly in response to different weathering intensities of their catchment bedrock lithologies. Fan surface mapping (based on 1/50000 topographic maps, satellite images, and fieldwork), reveals that the geomorphic evolution of these fans differs in that the relatively large‐scale incision and through trenching of the Soh fan is absent in the Zefreh fan. Whereas the limited sediment supply of the Soh fan has resulted in a deep incised channel, the Zefreh fan has remained aggradational with little or no trenching into proximal to medial fan surface due to its catchment bedrock geology, composed mainly by physically weathered volcaniclastic lithology and characterized by high sediment supply for delivery during episodic flash floods. Sediment supply, which is mainly a function of climate and source lithology, is a dominant driver behind the development of fan sequences in alluvial megafans. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Maschine von Bohnenberger: 200. Geburtstag des kardanisch gelagerten Kreisels
Authors: Wagner Jörg F. , Trierenberg Andor 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIm Jahr 2004 wurde in der Physiksammlung des Kepler‐Gymnasiums Tübingen ein kardanisch gelagerter Kreisel aufgefunden. Bis heute scheint dieses Instrument zusammen mit einem zweiten Exemplar, das inzwischen in einem Internetauktionshaus entdeckt wurde, das einzige Original zu sein, das explizit mit der ersten systematischen Beschreibung eines solchen Geräts übereinstimmt. Letztere wurde im Jahr 1817 durch den Erfinder des Instruments, J.G.F. Bohnenberger (1765‐1831) veröffentlicht, der das Gerät einfach “Maschine” nannte. J.G.F. Bohnenberger war zu dieser Zeit Professor für Mathematik, Physik und Astronomie an der Universität Tübingen und wissenschaftlicher Leiter der Landesvermessung im jungen Königreich Württemberg.Die Entdeckung im Kepler‐Gymnasium Tübingen verdeutlichte, dass der historische Hintergrund der “Maschine von Bohnenberger” noch weitgehend ungeklärt war. Dies ist bemerkenswert, da das Instrument die Basis für J.B.L. Foucaults bedeutende Arbeit zur Kreiseltechnik war, den unmittelbaren Vorgänger seines Gyroskops darstellte und so zum Wegbereiter wichtiger mechanischer Navigationsinstrumente wie dem künstlichen Horizont, dem Kreiselkompass und der Inertialplattform wurde. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben die Autoren des Beitrags versucht, Bohnenbergers Erfindung wissenschaftsgeschichtlich ein wenig auf‐zuarbeiten. Es gelang unter anderem, die anfängliche Verbreitung des Instruments, das durch den Tübinger Universitätsmechanikus J.W.G. Buzengeiger (1778‐1836) hergestellt wurde, zu erhellen und den Zeitpunkt der Erfindung auf das Jahr 1810 einzugrenzen (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Die Entwicklung der Strömungsmechanik von Archimedes bis Stokes und Reynolds
Authors: Mahrenholtz Oskar , Gaul Lothar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractKurze Darstellung der Grundlagen und der Entwicklung der Strömungsmechanik vom Altertum bis zum Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
UM‐SCC‐104: A New human papillomavirus‐16–positive cancer stem cell–containing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line
Authors: Tang Alice L. , Hauff Samantha J. , Owen John H. , Graham Martin P. , Czerwinski Michael J. , Park Jung Je , Walline Heather , Papagerakis Silvana , Stoerker Jay , McHugh Jonathan B. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Bradford Carol R. , Carey Thomas E. , Prince Mark E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundFew human papillomavirus (HPV)(+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines exist. We established University of Michigan‐squamous cell carcinoma‐104 (UM‐SCC‐104), a new HPV(+) HNSCC cell line from a recurrent oral cavity tumor, and characterized it for the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs).MethodsTumor cells were tested for biomarker expression by immunohistology, and the presence of HPV was assessed by several methods.ResultsUM‐SCC‐104 has a unique genotype, contains HPV‐16, and expresses E6/E7. Inoculation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)(+) and ALDH(−) cells in an immunocompromised mouse resulted in tumor growth from the ALDH(+) cells after 6 weeks that recapitulated the histology of the primary, whereas ALDH(−) cells did not produce tumors.ConclusionUM‐SCC‐104, a new HPV‐16, CSC‐containing HNSCC cell line will aid in studying recurrent HPV(+) tumors. The aggressive nature of this tumor is consistent with high uniform expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and a functionally significant proportion of ALDH(+) CSCs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Variability of volume strain in bounded heterogeneous media
Authors: Chang Ching‐Min , Yeh Hund‐Der 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe deformation of the solid matrix affects the fluid pore pressure and flow by altering the pore volume. Such interaction in turn affects the storage of groundwater in the void space. Obviously, this subject is of interest in groundwater hydrology. This paper describes an investigation of the effect of aquifer heterogeneity on the variability of the fluid pressure head and solid's volume strain, where the assumption of a constant vertical total stress leads to a relatively simple relationship between changes in solid's volume strain and fluid pressure head. To solve the problem analytically, focus is placed on the one‐dimensional models. It is found from our closed‐form solutions that the variance and correlation length of the log hydraulic conductivity are important in increasing the variability of pressure head and solid's volume strain. It is hoped that our findings will provide a basic framework for understanding and quantifying field‐scale volume strain processes and be useful in stimulating further research in this area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoprevention of mouse lung and colon tumors by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and atorvastatin
Authors: Pereira Michael A. , Warner Blake M. , Knobloch Thomas J. , Weghorst Christopher M. , Lubet Ronald A. , Steele Vernon E. , Casto Bruce C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAtorvastatin and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) were evaluated for chemoprevention of mouse lung tumors. In Experiment 1, lung tumors were induced by vinyl carbamate in strain A/J mice followed by 500 mg/kg SAHA, 60 or 180 mg/kg atorvastatin, and combinations containing SAHA and atorvastatin administered in their diet. SAHA and both combinations, but not atorvastatin, decreased the multiplicity of lung tumors, including large adenomas and adenocarcinomas with the combinations demonstrating the greatest efficacy. In Experiment 2, lung tumors were induced by 4‐(methylnitrosoamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol in strain A/J mice followed by 180 mg/kg atorvastatin, 500 mg/kg SAHA, or both drugs administered in the diet. SAHA and the combination of both drugs, but not atorvastatin alone, decreased the multiplicity of lung tumors and large tumors, with the combination demonstrating greater efficacy. In Experiment 3, lung tumors were induced by 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine in Swiss‐Webster mice followed by 160 mg/kg atorvastatin, 400 mg/kg SAHA, or a combination of both drugs administered in the diet. SAHA and the combination, but not atorvastatin, decreased the multiplicity of lung tumors with the combination demonstrating greater efficacy. The multiplicity of colon tumors was decreased by SAHA, atorvastatin, and the combination, without any significant difference in their efficacy. mRNA expression analysis of lung tumor bearing mice suggested that the enhanced chemopreventive activity of the combination is related to atorvastatin modulation of DNA repair, SAHA modulation of angiogenesis, and both drugs modulating invasion and metastasis pathways. Atorvastatin demonstrated chemoprevention activity as indicated by the enhancement of the efficacy of SAHA to prevent mouse lung tumors.
PpIX fluorescence combined with auto‐fluorescence is more accurate than PpIX fluorescence alone in fluorescence detection of non‐melanoma skin cancer: An intra‐patient direct comparison study
Authors: van der Beek Nick , de Leeuw Jaap , Demmendal Claire , Bjerring Peter , Neumann H.A. Martino 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research on fluorescence detection of non‐melanoma had mixed results. An accurate non‐invasive method for the detection of skin cancer is valuable to dermatologists because of the high incidence of skin cancer among the aging population. One notable difference between the methods of fluorescence detection previously studied was the use of the auto‐fluorescence of the skin. Currently, there has not been a direct comparison between both methods of fluorescence detection.ObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of PpIX fluorescence and auto‐fluorescence normalized PpIX fluorescence detection systems for the localization non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSC).MethodsWe conducted an observer blinded direct comparison of both methods. Thirty patients, 14 females and16 males, mean age 62 (SD = 9 years), skin type I to III and being suspected of having one or more NMSC, visited an independent treatment centre for dermatology. The patients were investigated using a fluorescence detection system capable of both normalized and non‐normalized PpIX fluorescence measurements. Liposomal encapsulated 5‐aminolevulinic acid was used as a photosensitizer. For each area being investigated, the associated normalized and non‐normalized fluorescence measurements were directly compared. The results of the analysis were confirmed by clinical investigation using a dermatoscope. Both methods were evaluated based on the number of true and false positives and the number of true and false negatives. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated. Statistical significance of the findings was determined using Pearson's Chi‐squared test.ResultsThe non‐normalized method was found to have a sensitivity of 27 % and a specificity of 39 % and the normalized method has a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100%. This difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionUsing auto‐fluorescence in PpIX fluorescence detection of NMSC is more accurate that PpIX fluorescence detection alone. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:271–276, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.