bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PW01-99 - Common Mental Disorders And Fertility Problems In The Normal Populaton
Authors: Biringer E. , Kessler U. , Mykletun A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveClinical studies have found higher occurrences of anxiety and depression in women who experience fertility problems. However, the relationship between common mental symptoms and sub-/infertility should also be investigated in the normal population.MethodsIn a valid N=15,000 sample of women (mean age=36 years, s.d.=8.4, range 19-49) in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 1995-97 (HUNT 2), the relationship of anxiety- and/or depression with fertility problems was explored by means of logistic regression analysis. Psychological symptoms were measured by the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (cut-off=14+, i.e. 90th percentile). Sub-/infertility was defined as having ever tried to get pregnant for more than one year without success. Analyses were adjusted for age, education, civil status, somatic conditions, parity, and gynaecological surgery.ResultsIn all, 2,058 (14%) of women were sub- or infertile. Mean HADS total score was 7.8 (s.d. 5.73, range 0-35) in this group and 7.1 (s.d. 5.43, range 0-39) in the group without fertility problems. Odds ratios for fertility problems in the group that scored above HADS cut-off were 1.26 (95% CI=1.09; 1.45), p=0.002 in the crude analysis and 1.13 (95% CI=0.97;1.31), p=0.123 in the adjusted analysis.ConclusionThe effect size for the relationship between common mental disorders and fertility problems in this epidemiological study was weak. However, it may represent a more true estimate of the relationship than findings from earlier clinical studies, as such clinical studies may be biased due to differences between help-seeking patients and healthy controls.
PW01-116 - Clinical-Psychopathological Prerequisites Of Criminal Violence In Veterans Of Local Wars
Authors: Fastovtsov G. , Oskolkova S. 
Published: June 2010

The aim of the investigation was to determine clinical-dynamic characteristics of combat-related PTSD, as well as individual and personality features and prerequisites of criminal aggression and mental disturbances observed at the moment of offence.Subjects and methods174 male combatants aged 22-43 y.o.; clinico-psychopathological and statistical methods; quality of life self-evaluating scales.ResultsCombatants were divided into 5 groups: 3 psychotic and 2 nonpsychotic. The probability of heteroaggressive behavior seems to increase in accordance with duration of exposure and severity of stress factors. Criminal behavior dominated in first three years after the impact of the combat stress factors. Besides various PTSD symptoms mentioned in ICD-10, DSM-IV, new personality features in emotional, cognitive and motivational value spheres were observed. The more pronounced were these changes, the more prominent were interpersonal difficulties and violence. A frequent or chronical emotional prerequisite of aggression was proneness to emotional excitement in an interpersonal conflict. «Flashbacks» about war situations seemed to release under the influence of strong emotion. Their value system was polar: black and white: either friend or enemy. Therefore, their opinions were rigid, not realistic. They committed offences against person in emotional conditions triggered by stress, when situation was associated with life threat at war or an emotionally overwhelming opposition.ConclusionDetailed analysis of personality characteristics of the offender, duration of exposure to combat stress and its severity, as well as subsequent social stress factors and their psychological impact, and circumstances of offence itself is essential for correct judgement during forensic psychiatric evaluation.
PW01-118 - Personality Traits And Response Inhibition In Pedophile Sexual Abusers, Pedophile Internet Abusers And Controls - Preliminary Results
Authors: Habermeyer B. , Händel N. , Lemoine P. , Seifritz E. , Mager R. , Dittmann V. , Graf M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesRecent research about pedophilia suggested an association between pedophilia, neurocognitive disturbance and specific personality profiles. Especially neuropsychological functions associated with the prefrontal and motor processing loops showed to be impaired in pedophilia. But in most studies about pedophilia subjects were recruited from high security forensic hospitals. The results might therefore be influenced by selection bias. To overcome this bias we conducted a study that aimed to compare neurocognitive disturbance and specific personality profiles of pedophile sexual abusers, pedophile internet abusers and controls.MethodsWe included until now 5 male pedophile sexual abusers, 4 male pedophile internet abusers and 6 male control subjects. Subjects were matched for age and IQ. Personality profiles were assessed by SKID and MMPI. Response inhibition was tested in a classical Go/NoGo task.ResultsAssessments of personality profiles showed similar sub threshold profiles for the controls and the group of internet abusers while subjects from security forensic hospital setting fulfilled criteria of personality disorders. Accordingly showed the Go/NoGo task higher rates of failed response inhibition in the group of paedophilic subjects from high security forensic hospital setting and lower rates for pedophile internet abusers and/or controls.ConclusionsOur preliminary data suggests that results of recent studies about neurocognitive disturbance and neuroimaging correlates of paedophilia might be influenced by selection bias and might rather reflect impairment of personality and social interaction in a broader sense. Future research about paedophilia should consequently aim to disentangle personality impairment from sexual orientation.
PW01-126 - In-Patient Versus Home Based Models Of Acute Mental Illness Care In Adults: Direct Cost Comparison From Provider'S Perspective
Authors: Raji A. , Jackson A. 
Published: June 2010

AimsIn the controlled and uncontrolled studies, community care as alternatives to in-patient care yielded similar or better outcomes. The aim of this study is to compare the direct cost of in-patient and home based care of acute mental illness from the health care provider's perspective.Methods82 patients exclusively treated as in-patient and 80 patients exclusively treated at home in 2008 on account of acute mental illness, in the psychiatric department of an Irish general hospital were suitable for stratified randomisation in each group. 32 patients were selected from each group. Micro-costing technique was used to retrospectively estimate from the clinical record, the direct costs of treatment for each patient (n=64).ResultsThe average direct cost per patient treated in the hospital was €5,579 (range, €1,668 - €24,048, 95% confidence interval (CI) of €3808 to €7350), compared to €3,977 (range, €779 - €10,355, 95% CI of €3034 to €4921) for each patient treated at home. The average daily in-patient admission cost was €343 (95% CI of €332 to €354), compared to €147 (95% CI of €142 to €152) per day for each patient treated at home.ConclusionsHome based care of adult patients presenting with acute mental illness, that could have been admitted in the absence of a home based treatment unit incurred lower daily costs to the health care provider compared to in-patient care (Mann-Whitney U test, z=6.876, p=0.000). This underscores the need for more researches to further develop Home based models of acute mental illness care.
PW01-132 - Psychometric Analysis Of Kernberg€S Personality Inventory (Ipo) Reduced
Authors: García-García M. , Benítez-Hernández M.M. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Fuentes-Márquez S. , Senín-Calderón M.C. , Valdés-Díaz M. , Rodríguez-Testal J.F. 
Published: June 2010

AntecedentsKernberg's classification of personality disorders (1987) differentiates psychic organization according to the severity: neurotic, borderline and psychotic. Lenzenweger et al. (2001) used a reduced version of IPO with 57 items developed by Kernberg and Clarkin (1995).Objectives and hypothesisIPO was applied in a sample of patients and a control group. We expected to find an adequate reliability and validity of the inventory. Scales adequately distinguish content borderline, neurotic and psychotic.MethodParticipants: 288 subjects (64.9% women), 116 patients attended to private clinical practice from February 2007 to September 2009. 172 control subjects matched by sex, social class and sincerity (EPI).Transversal design, a measure collective in the comparison group and individual in patients ones. A group of patients was selected for the retest (n = 88).Instruments. We applied IPO, the BPRS, MCMI-II and MIPS. Diagnoses according to DSM-IV-TR.ResultsInternal consistency (Cronbach) was adequate for the three scales: .83; .90 and .89. The testretest reliability was correct for a mean interval of 44 days (.78; .81; .78). The validity analyses differed between diagnostic groups in Axis I (p< .05), but not in the clusters of personality (p>.05). No differences in BPRS with scale of borderline, but yes with neurotic and psychotic ones. The MCMI-II was properly differentiated by the three scales of the IPO.ConclusionsThe IPO is an useful scale with reliability and validity. The main drawback concerns certain aspects of the borderline scale.
PW01-133 - Italian Validation Of Amdp-System: Prelyminary Results
Authors: Mazzi F. , Grandi S. , Ferrari S. , Pingani L. , Rigatelli M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe AMDP -system (Arbeitsgemenschaft fur Methodic und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie) consist of a psychopathology scale (100+15 items) and of a somatic scale (40+7 items), It is widely used in the German-speaking and French-speaking countries.ObjectiveTo describe the development and italian validation of the (AMDP), designed to assess psychopathology in psychiatric patients.MethodDiagnosis of 125 patients were assessed according to DSM-IV using SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV) and AMDP.To assess sensitivity to change, 24 patients were involved in a 4-week rehabilitation program and then reassessed at the end of 4 weeks.To evaluate inter-rater reliability, all patients were assessed by two clinicians in a joint rater session.ResultsAll AMDP-subscales showed significant improvement after 4-week rehabilitation program (P< 0.05).Inter-rater eliability was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC > 0.70) in all subscales of AMDP.ConclusionsThe AMDP is a valid, reliable instrument to evaluate severity and treatment response in psychiatry. Given its simplicity, and clinical validity, AMDP is appropriate for use in observational studies and routine clinical practice.
PW01-138 - A Serbian Translation Of The 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale - Development And Validation Of The Factorial Structure
Authors: Trajanovic N. , Djuric V. , Latas M. , Milovanovic S. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionAlexithymia represents a personality trait construct encompassing difficulty identifying and describing feelings, distinguishing between feelings and the related physical sensations, and an externally oriented cognition. A self-report 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) is a commonly used tool to measure alexithymia. It has been translated into more than 20 different languages, crossing the cultural and language barriers. TAS-20 has a factorial structure: factor 1 assesses difficulty identifying feelings; factor 2 assesses difficulty describing feelings; factor 3 assesses externally oriented thinking.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to validate a Serbian translation, including the factorial structure, of the TAS-20.MethodsTAS-20 was expertly translated from English to Serbian and given to a bilingual non-clinical sample fluent in both English and Serbian (n=47, age 18-60). The subjects were assigned to complete Serbian version (TAS-20-SRB) at week one, and the English version (TAS-20-ENG) at week two (7-14 days apart). The collected data were analysed using a paired samples correlations and paired samples t-test.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in paired samples comparisons of means of total score and scores on each of three factors of TAS-20-ENG and TAS-20-SRB (p>0.05). The results of correlations of total scores and scores on factors show the statically significant correlations (p< 0.001), and also that the correlations were very high (from 0.87 to 0.95).ConclusionBilingual subjects showed temporally and quantitatively congruent scores on both TAS-20 and TAS-20-SRB, suggesting that the Serbian translation of TAS-20 was valid, and that the factorial structure remained stable.
PW01-139 - The Impact Of Language And Culture On The Delivery Of Standardized Rater Training For The Panss Across Seven Countries
Authors: Yavorsky W. , Liechti S. , Defries A. , Opler M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThere is a considerable body of literature suggesting that standardized rater training is a critical element to achieving inter-rater reliability. With the advance of clinical and research trials to worldwide locations there have been challenges in tailoring instruments not only in terms of language but also culture. In this study we compare different cohorts of raters receiving training from seven different countries. We asked if there was any consistent by-country impact on certain items, factors, or subscales on the instrument.MethodsThe data set comes from rater training events held in Russia, India, Singapore, Austria and the United States including participants from seven different countries. Raters (n=221) scored videotaped interviews of schizophrenic patients using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results were compared across countries and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) compared by total score, subscale score and by item.ResultsThere were no significant differences between rater cohorts in terms of PANSS total score. Differences emerged in terms of the assessment of negative symptoms in general and the assessment of unusual thought content in particular.ConclusionThe lack of differences in rater performance across countries indicates that standardized rater training is broadly effective in cohorts selected to participate in clinical trials. By item analysis indicated that there are some important differences in the way that different groups conceptualize items. This suggests a need to tailor training to those items that are less reliable in certain groups to ensure reliability and validity in the use of this instrument.
PW01-141 - Brain Dysfunction In Schizomanic Patients Versus Healthy Controls: A Fmri Study
Authors: Amann B. , Mercé M. , Ortiz-Gil J. , Salvador R. , McKenna P. , Sarró S. , Pomarol-Clotet E. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesFunctional brain activity has been only studied marginally in schizoaffective disorder (SAD), a disorder whose nosological status is controversial. The present study investigated the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity of schizomanic patients during performance of a working memory task.Method13 schizoaffective patients, with current schizomanic episode (Young> 18); and 26 sex- and age-matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsDuring performance of the n-back task, controls showed activation in a cluster of frontal areas and de-activation in the medial orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. The SAD patients showed significantly less activation in prefrontal areas than the controls. They also showed a marked failure to de-activate in medial frontal cortex. The SAD patients’ impaired task performance was associated with both reduced activation of the dorsolateral PFC and reduced de-activation of the medial frontal areas.ConclusionsSchizomanic patients show failure of activation in a network of cortical regions, and also a failure to de-activate the ventromedial PFC and anterior cingulate cortex. This latter area corresponds to the one of the components of the 'default mode network´. This pattern of abnormality is similar to that found by our group to characterise schizophrenia (failure to activate and failure to de-activate), but different from that which characterises manic patients (failure to de-activate only).
PW01-144 - Disconnected Regions That Make Patients Prone To Psychosis
Authors: Foucher J. , Pham B.-T. , Marrer C. , Gounot D. , Danion J.-M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe abnormal connectivity between brain regions has been proposed to account for the physiopathology of psychoses. But which brains regions or which specific links could play the more important role for psychosis to emerge? This study looked at long range functional connectivity in a large sample of schizophrenic patients during resting state.MethodsForty-two patients with DSM-IV defined schizophrenia were recruited and compared to 57 controls. Participants took part to a 20 min resting state fMRI scan keeping eyes closed but remaining awake. The signal from the 78 Brodman areas was averaged between which a correlation coefficient was computed as the metric for functional connectivity. Patients and controls were compared using permutation test correcting for multiple testing.ResultsThe differences can be better described in terms of hub regions that are more disconnected with others than by specific links. The internal temporal, the temporal pole, the inferior temporal and the anterior cingulate regions were the most disconnected. The sensori-motor frontal and parietal regions were less clearly implicated and were correlated with chlorpromazine equivalent dose. There were no inter-hemispheric difference.DiscussionThe temporal pole was the most differently connected between the two groups. This region is poorly know as there is no equivalent in the other primates. The internal temporal areas (essentially the enthorhinal cortex) were also much concerned in accordance with the limbic hypothesis of psychosis. Surprisingly the prefrontal regions were not involved probably because of the absence of a outward directed cognitive task.
PW01-148 - Effective Connectivity Within The Network Of Fearful Facial Affect Recognition In Patients With Bipolar Disorder Compared To Healthy Controls
Authors: Kempton M. , Dima D. , Roiser J. , Stephan K. , Friston K. , Frangou S. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThere is significant overlap between the cortical network involved in fearful face perception and regional abnormalities identified in patients with bipolar disorder. The primary aim of this study was to measure effective connectivity arising from Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) to identify differences within this network in a group of patients with bipolar disorder and controls during an affective processing task.MethodsFunctional MRI was used to record brain activations from 52 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and 44 healthy controls engaged in a fearful versus neutral facial affect recognition task. We used Bayesian model selection to identify the best model of effective connectivity, as well as a random-effects analysis. Additionally, the endogenous connections and modulatory influences were extracted and further analyzed.ResultsWithin the network subserving fearful facial affect recognition, patients with bipolar disorder demonstrated reduced connectivity from the inferior occipital gyrus to the fusiform gyrus compared to healthy controls. Furthermore this connection when modulated by fear showed a reduction in strength in patients with bipolar disorder.ConclusionsBipolar disorder was associated with deficits early in the processing of facial affect suggesting the possibility of perceptual abnormalities being associated with the disorder.Dr Frangou was supported by a NARSAD Independent Investigator Award
PW01-149 - The Cerebral Bases Of Somatization, Depression, Dissociation, And Anxiety In Depersonalization Disorder
Authors: Lemche E. , Surguladze S.A. , Giampietro V.P. , Brammer M.J. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionIt is an unsettled issue in the literature, under which nosological group depersonalization disorder (DPD) should be subsumed.ObjectivesWe measured clinical traits in DPD patients that had previously been implicated in DPD.MethodsInvestigated were N = 9 patients with DPD and N = 12 normal controls. To establish the diagnosis of DPD, ICD-10 criteria and cut-off values (CDS > 70) were included. Clinical traits were measured with internationally established psychiatric taxons. Implicit fMRI tasks inducing three steps of happy and sad facial expressions were run, and clinical trait scores were correlated with brain activation in each emotion category.ResultsSignificant differences in the regression slopes for the two groups were observed for somatization in the right temporal operculum (happy) and ventral striatum bilaterally (sad). Discriminative regions for depression were the right middle frontal gyrus (happy) and left amygdala (sad). For dissociation, discriminative regions were the left pulvinar (happy) and left parahippocampal gyrus (sad). For state anxiety, discriminative regions were the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (happy) and left ventrolateral cortex (sad)(different locations). For trait anxiety, discriminative regions were the right caudate head (happy) and left retrosplenial cortex (sad).ConclusionsOur results endorse the notion that depersonalization disorder patients show multifaceted clinical traits, but do not justify any bias for a certain nosological category. The differential regions ascertained by regression during emotion processing comparing to normal controls reflect substantial deviations in DPD for clinical trait processing in the brain.
PW01-150 - Ascertainment Of The Cerebral Bases Of Alexithymia Traits In Depersonalization Disorder
Authors: Lemche E. , Surguladze S.A. , Giampietro V.P. , Brammer M.J. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThe current study elucidates the relations between alexithymia and brain activation towards happy and sad emotional stimulation in Depersonalization Disorder (DPD). We hypothesized that various facets of the alexithymia construct are differentially related to single neural structures characterizing abnormal emotion processing in DPD.MethodsInvestigated were N = 9 patients with DPD and N = 12 normal controls. To establish the diagnosis of DPD, ICD-10 and scale cut-off values (CDS > 70) were included. Alexithymia was measured using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Implicit fMRI tasks inducing three steps of happy and sad facial expressions were run, and clinical trait scores were correlated with brain activation in each emotion category.ResultsSignificant positive correlations for alexithymia levels in DPD patients were in the right hypothalamus (happy, r = 0.60, p < 0.00001) and right retrosplenial cortex (sad, r = 0.78, p < 0.00001). The prominent regions for alexithymia levels in normal controls were instead in the left cerebellum (happy, r = 0.71, p < 0.00001) and right ventrolateral cortex (sad, r = 0.89, p < 0.00001). Significant differences in the regression slopes for the two groups were observed in the left putamen (happy, average Δr = 0.86, p < 0.0255) and in the left dorsal ACC (sad, average Δr = 0.87, p < 0.0087).ConclusionsThe present results suggest that the alexithymia trait is related to specific brain regions dependent on emotion. DPD patients recruit different brain regions compared to normal controls in alexithymia.