bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REARING AND IMMATURE STAGES OF THE CLUSTER FLY (POLLENIA RUDIS) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) IN ONTARIO
Authors: Yahnke W. , George John A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe preferred host of the cluster fly, Pollenia rudis Fab., in Ontario is reported to be the earthworm Eisenia rosea Sav. Periodic field digging revealed the immature stages of P. rudis feeding, or in close association with, E. rosea. In addition P. rudis was reared in the laboratory on E. rosea but could not be reared on any of the other species of earthworm found in the field.For the first time in North America the complete life history, along with each of the immature stages of P. rudis, is described. The differences between P. rudis from North America and those from France are indicated.Finally, the authors speculate that there are two strains, or species, of P. rudis in France: one is host-specific to the earthworm Allolobophora chlorotica Sav. and the other to E. rosea. Only the strain with E. rosea as its preferred host has as yet been reported from Canada.
A SYNOPSIS OF THE BIONOMICS OF PHODAGA ALTICEPS (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: Pinto John D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA detailed analysis of male courtship behavior in Phodaga alticeps LeC. is presented. Although behavior in this species shares the basic pattern characterizing the subfamily Meloinae, several unique features are present. These include the mounted male being supported primarily by the substrate rather than the body of the female, and the anterior positioning of the male’s middle legs during most of the courtship period. Male stimulation of the female is tactual in nature and consists of periodically curling the antennae around those of the female and at the same time stimulating her maxillary palpi with the middle legs. Bouts of tactual display alternate throughout courtship with periods of male quiescence. Genital insertion attempts are rare in this species and probably occur only prior to copulation. Besides a description of male behavior the structural modifications functionally correlated with courtship are described; and concomitant female behavior and its effects on the male are discussed. In addition, the pattern of courtship in P. alticeps is compared to that of other meloids. Particular attention is given to behavior in its closest relative, Negalius marmoratus Casey.Other aspects of the bionomics of P. alticeps are also treated in this paper. Geographic distribution, seasonal distribution, feeding behavior, defense, antennal cleaning, and oviposition behavior are stressed.
AMERICAN SPECIES OF DIORYCTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE): III. GROUPING OF SPECIES: SPECIES OF THE AURANTICELLA GROUP, INCLUDING THE ASIAN SPECIES, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
Authors: Mutuura Akira , Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeven species groups of Dioryctria are defined on a combination of external and genital characters. Three American species, Dioryctria rossi Munroe, D. auranticella (Grote) and D. disclusa Heinrich, are referred to the auranticella group. Four Asiatic species are also referred to this group. These are D. okui Mutuura, D. castanea Bradley, D. pryeri Ragonot (= Salebria laruata Heinrich), and D. yiai n. sp. All the species feed on conifers. All except D. okui feed on pine, either cones or shoots, or both; D. okui eats the foliage of spruce.
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF BOLTERIA, WITH A KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES AND A NOTE ON THE SPECIES FOUND IN CANADA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour new species of Bolteria Uhler are described: atricornis from New Mexico, scutata and scutellata from California, and mexicana from Mexico. Adults and male genitalia are illustrated as well as those of luteifrons Knight and arizonae Knight, and host information is given. Relationships to other species in the genus are discussed and a key is provided. Bolteria luteifrons Knight is reported from Canada.
NEW SPECIES OFDIALITHUSPARRY AND A NEW SYNONYM OFPANTODINUSBURMEISTER (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: TRICHIINAE)
Authors: Howden H. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo new species,Dialithus scintillonsfrom Cerro Campana, Panama, andDialithus festivusfrom Chiapas, Mexico, are described. The description of the formerly monotypic genusDialithusParry is slightly altered.Jeannelosis auriculatusBourgin (1945) is considered a synonym ofPantodinus klugiBurmeister (1847).
HAEMOCYTOLOGY IN INSECT BIOSYSTEMATICS: THE PROSPECT
Authors: Arnold J. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe haemocyte (blood cell) complex in insects has distinctive characteristics at various taxonomic levels. Some taxa can be recognized easily by major differences in the number and size of the haemocytes and the complexity of cell types. Others can be distinguished only with difficulty by means of cytological features of certain cell categories. Still others have revealed no distinguishing characters. The haemocyte complex is potentially useful for indicating some systematic relationships, and in some cases for distinguishing between morphologically similar species. The concept requires careful testing.
MORTALITY FACTORS AFFECTING EGGS OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)
Authors: Witter J. A. , Kulman H. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParasitism, infertility, and death of fully developed first-stage larvae in eggs (pharate larvae) were the egg mortality factors encountered during a 1967–69 study on the bionomics of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner, in northern Minnesota. There was no significant difference in the average yearly per cent parasitization and infertility per egg mass; these ranged from 7 to 10% and 1 to 3%, respectively. There was a year to year difference in pharate larval mortality. It ranged from 39% in 1968 to only 9 and 3% for 1967 and 969. Studies showed that egg masses had a tendency to be either nearly complete y hatched or unhatched only in 1968. The variation in pharate larval mortally in these studies suggests qualitative differences in the population. The pharate larval mortality has the potential of influencing population trends of the forest tent caterpillar.
FOOD-PLANT GROUPS OF THE SEMANOPHORINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE): A POSSIBLE TAXONOMIC TOOL
Authors: Harris P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe taxonomic framework of the lepidopterous family Sphingidae established by Rothschild and Jordan (1903) contains many anomalies. Indeed, it has been suggested that as the taxonomic lines run across both larval and host-plant groupings, the family should be totally rearranged. In this paper the host plants of the Semanophorinae (one subfamily of the Sphingidae) are examined and discussed. On the basis of host plants, five groups of sphingids, which appear to be taxonomic entities, are distinguished. The identification of the host-plant groups is also a preliminary to the use of Celerio euphorbiae (L.) for the biological control of weedy Euphorbia spp. in Canada.
COMPARISONS OF THE ABUNDANCE OF THE SPECIES COMPOSING THE FOLIAGE INHABITING FAUNA OF APPLE TREES
Authors: Lord F. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 5 year study of the foliage inhabiting fauna of young apple trees which had never been treated with insecticides or miticides showed there were large numbers of species varying considerably in quantity. The study also showed that the manner in which the foliage is distributed by cluster type and the distribution of the many species on the clusters are important factors in the sampling of mixed populations of arthropods.The leaf clusters were classified into six types based on stem length and on the presence or absence of fruit. The mean number of leaves per cluster for all types combined increased until mid July but no further increase occurred after that. The variation in leaves per cluster on the longer clusters, however, continued throughout the summer even though the mean number of leaves per cluster did not.The relative abundance of each of the arthropod species, whether it was identifiable to name or not, was given a quantitative rating by using random clusters as a common sampling unit. Eleven orders, 38 families, and over 100 species were recorded. The species making up the fauna were nearly all at a low density and in general remained low during the study. All the common pests were found but only four were at a level where economic damage to the foliage resulted. Very few of the species were present in numbers sufficiently large for analysis of the factors influencing their population density or theirA list is given of those species which were sufficiently abundant to show that differences in preference for some cluster types over others is common.
SOLUTION SEPARATION AND MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD DENSITY ESTIMATES OF HEMLOCK LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) EGGS IN MOSS
Authors: Shepherd R. F. , Gray T. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCounting hemlock looper (Lambditm fiscellaria lugnbrosa) eggs attached to moss samples is tedious and inaccurate. Moss samples treated with a 0.5% NaOH solution for 1 minute releases the eggs, which can be washed and filtered out of the moss. Other debris can be separated through differential flotation with 15% NaCl solution. Three such washings provide data for analysis with the maximum likelihood method, producing density estimates with low-standard errors.
AGGREGATION OF THE CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE,TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM(COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), ELICITED BY FUNGAL TRIGLYCERIDES
Authors: Starratt A. N. , Loschiavo S. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTriglycerides ofNigrospora sphaericawhich elicit aggregation of adult confused flour beetles were separated according to their degree of unsaturation by chromatographic methods. Several fractions showed activity. The largest and most active fraction consisted of monounsaturated triglycerides of which the major component was oleodipalmitin. Triglycerides from three other fungi showed varied levels of activity.
OCCURRENCE OF PISSODES FISKEI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN CANADA: CYTOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Smith S. G. , Macdonald J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPissodes fiskei, a species described by Hopkins from New Hampshire, is shown to occur also in Maine and in all Canadian provinces between New Brunswick and the interior of British Columbia, inclusive, as well as the Yukon. It is readily distinguished from its closest ally, P. lotundatus Lee, both morphologically and cytologically. Maritime P. nigrae Hopk., montane P. alascensis Hopk., and inland P. rotundatus are conspecific.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE CEREAL LEAF BEETLE, OULEMA MELANOPUS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE): A MODEL FOR AGE SPECIFIC MORTALITY
Authors: Helgesen Robert G. , Haynes Dean L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.), has rapidly increased its numbers and range since it was discovered in Michigan in 1962. We have shown in this report that intraspecific density-dependent mortality is the major constraint on survivorship. We have attempted to quantify survival within a generation from the egg stage to the adult.Larval mortality varies among populations. Density-dependent mortality, caused by intraspecific competition, accounts for most of the variation of within-generation survival of the cereal leaf beetle in wheat and oats. Mortality in the first instar on oats and the fourth instar on wheat and oats is a linear function of the logarithm of total egg density. Establishment of the first instar on oats appears to become more difficult as density increases because leaf surface disturbance and interference with larger larva increases. Competition for food accounts for the increase in mortality of the fourth instar in both wheat and oats as density increases. Egg survival, survival of the first instar on wheat and in the second, third, and pupal stage in both crops are constants with respect to density. These constants can be expected to change with respect to other environmental parameters however, e.g. host variety, planting date, rainfall, etc.
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF STABLE FLIES, STOMOXYS CALCITRANS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), BY RELEASES OF CHEMOSTERILIZED ADULTS
Authors: LaBrecque G. C. , Meifert D. W. , Rye J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractReleases of chemosterilized stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), that equalled existing field populations (1:1 ratio) markedly reduced a field population in Florida. The released insects were relatively long lived in the field and did not migrate far from the nearest source of food and oviposition medium.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR DIFFERENTIATING LARVAL INSTARS OF LEATHERJACKETS, TIPULA PALUDOSA (DIPTERA: TIPULIDAE)
Authors: Lam A. B. Q. , Webster J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMeasurements of head capsule lengths and widths show that Tipula paludosa Meig. larvae have four instars. The shape and size of the mandibles and labia are good characters for differentiating the instars.
REACTIONS OF THE LARVAE OF THREE RHEOPHILIC SPECIES OF TRICHOPTERA TO SELECTED INSECTICIDES
Authors: Fredeen F. J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractProcedures are outlined for evaluating in aquaria the effects of insecticides against rheophilic species of Trichoptera larvae (Brachycentrus lateralis (Say), Hydropsyche morosa Hagen, and H. recurvata Banks). In general DDT, DDD, and methoxychlor were considerably more toxic than were malathion, Baytex®, or diazinon and their regression lines were steeper. Some of the methoxychlortreated larvae recovered within 18 hours after treatment but the reverse was true for DDT, DDD, and the organophosphates. DDT dissolved in ethanol was considerably more toxic than any of the three commercial formulations of DDT tested. Sensitivity to DDT declined (i.e.LC50 values were higher) with increasing size (age) of the larvae. LC50 values of DDT also varied directly with the densities of tested populations in tests containing more than 10 larvae per 250 ml of water. Toxicities of all chlorinated hydrocarbons varied indirectly with the temperature and those of the organophosphates directly. The significance of these findings to laboratory and field tests is discussed.
MOSQUITOES OF MANITOBA: III. ECOLOGY OF LARVAE IN THE WINNIPEG AREA
Authors: Dixon R. D. , Brust R. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarval surveys were conducted in Winnipeg environs during the summers of 1967 and 1968. The species, density of larvae, the relationship between rainfall and larval abundance, and the species of pest importance were studied in detail. Aedes vexans was the most numerous mosquito found both in the larval and adult stages. Aedes dorsalis and Aedes spencerii were also of pest significance during each season. An association between the abundance of A. vexans larvae and the proximity of these to an adult blood source, mainly beef and dairy cattle, was observed.
NOTES ON TWO SPECIES OF BRACHYSCELIDIPHAGINAE (PTEROMALIDAE: CHALCIDOIDEA, HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe description and designation of a neotype, Plastobelyta gallicola Kieffer, and an additional distribution record of Espinosa nothofagi Gahan belonging to the subfamily Brachyscelidiphaginae (Pteromalidae: Chalcidoidea) from Chile, are discussed.
MATING BEHAVIOR IN RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): II. TEMPORAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Prokopy Ronald J. , Bennett Edward W. , Bush Guy L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractComparatively few laboratory-caged apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), of either sex arrived at the site of assembly for mating (ceresin wax oviposition domes) and no mating pair or ovipositing females were observed until the flies were 7–8 days old. From then on, the level of all three of these activities progressively increased.With respect to the time of day of activity, in the field, assembly of both sexes of flies on the fruit, mating, and oviposition all occurred predominantly during the afternoon on a day when the sun shone brightly throughout the 15-hr daylight period and the ambient temperature was 16 °C at dawn, 24.8° in mid-afternoon, and 17.5° at dusk. Little or no activities of these sorts occurred before mid-morning and toward dusk. In the laboratory, where light intensity was constant at 1000 lux during the 15-hr photophase, the temporal pattern of these activities was the same as in the field when laboratory temperature was programmed to be the same as in the field for the corresponding hour of daylight. However, when laboratory temperature was programmed to be constant at 24.8°, these activities occurred at a high rate throughout the photophase. None of these activities was observed to have been initiated in darkness. It is concluded that sexually mature apple maggot flies may assemble on the fruit, mate, and oviposit whenever temperature is favorable and light intensity is sufficient to permit adequate vision.
THE CHORIONIC ARCHITECTURE AND SHELL STRUCTURE OF AMATHES C-NIGRUM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Salkeld E. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe chorionic architecture including the general and fine structure of the various shell layers and specialized areas in the newly-laid egg of Amathes c-nigrum (L.) is described. The chorion is, primarily, two-layered. The lamellate outer layer, comprising the main bulk of the shell, appears to be very porous over the ventral surface of the egg but much more solid over the lateral and upper surfaces. Here it is traversed by aeropylar canals which convey air to the inner layer. The trabecular inner layer completely surrounds the yolk except in the micropylar area. The micropyles protrude from the inner side of the chorion to form entomicropylar tubes which project towards the yolk. Each is enclosed by thickened vitelline membrane.
A METHOD OF FEEDING BEES MEASURED AMOUNTS OF INSECTICIDES IN SOLUTION
Authors: Torchio Philip F. , Youssef Nabil N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA device designed to measure amount of pesticide solutions consumed by three species of bees (Megachile rotundata (F.), alfalfa leafcutting bee; Nomia melanderi Cockerell, alkali bee; and Apis mellifera L, honey bee) is described in detail. Isolated bees fed freely from capillary tubes filled with known mixtures of pesticides and honey solutions. The change in volume of solution was used in determining the exact amount of pesticide consumed by each individual.
LIFE HISTORIES AND SEASONAL BIOLOGY OF FOUR HYPERPARASITES OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA SEXTA (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE)
Authors: McNeil Jeremy N. , Rabb R. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHypopteromalus tabacum (Fitch), Catolaccus aeneoviridis (Girault), Spilochalcis side (Walker), and Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead) were hyperparasites of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Linnaeus), most frequently reared from cocoons of the primary parasite, Apanteles congregatus (Say). The life history of each species was studied and the distinctive features of egg, last larval instar, and pupal stage were described.In 1969 through 1972 parasitization of the tobacco hornworm by A. congregatus started at low levels in June or July, increasing to nearly 100% by the end of September. A corresponding increase in the seasonal incidence of hyperparasitism was observed, although the level of hyperparasitism never exceeded 85% in any year. Each year S. side and S. hirtifemora were the first hyperparasites recorded; however, H. tabacum was always the most abundant. The number of C. aeneoviridis varied greatly from year to year.Peak spring emergence of H. tabacum and C. aeneoviridis occurred in April just before that of the primary parasite, A. congregatus, and as this was several months prior to their appearance in tobacco fields a number of possible alternate hosts for the hyperparasites were investigated.
A FOSSIL IRONOMYIID FLY FROM CANADIAN AMBER (DIPTERA: IRONOMYIIDAE)
Authors: McAlpine J. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCretonomyia pristina new genus and new species, a fossil fly in amber from Cedar Lake, Manitoba, is described and assigned to the Ironomyiidae. This fossil establishes that the family, heretofore known from a single Australian species, Ironomyia nigromaculata White, existed during Mesozoic times in North America. Comparison of the extinct species with the living species shows that the family appeared little different 73 million years ago than it does today. In points of difference, the fossil species usually shows the more primitive conditions. It is postulated that the family arose in North America in late Jurassic – early Cretaceous times, dispersed to South America late in the Cretaceous Period and thence to Australia via Antarctica while the latter three were contiguous — 43 million years ago.
SOME CERAMBYCIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM THE KORAT PLATEAU REGION OF THAILAND
Authors: Pase Herbert A. , Coster Jack E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFrom November 1968 to January 1970, Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) were collected in Northeast Thailand, principally from the Korat Plateau Region. Sixty-two species were identified: no previous Thailand records could be found for 29 of the species.
A METHOD OF PREDICTING SHORT TERM POPULATION TRENDS OF THE GREEN PEACH APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON POTATOES
Authors: Elliott W. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method which uses the number of large embryos per adult to predict increases or decreases of green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), on potatoes over 3–4 or 7–8 days is presented. The population change between two successive counts 1 and 2, expressed as an increase factor (count 2 divided by count 1), is related to the average number of embryos per adult, at the time of count 1, by a linear regression (significant, P < 0.001). If there are more than about three embryos per adult, the population increases. Parasitism by Aphidius nigripes Ashm. reduces the number of embryos per adult in the field. In the laboratory, with no parasitism, the number of embryos per adult declines with age and is directly related to the daily birth rate which also declines with age.
THE BIOLOGY OF AND EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON DERAEOCORIS BREVIS PICEATUS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Westigard Peter H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDeraeocoris brevis piceatus Knight overwinters in the adult stage on pear and several other plants. Within pear orchards there are apparently two generations of D. brevis per year. Under laboratory conditions the developmental time from first instar to adult is about 25 days. During this period D. b. piceatus consumed nearly 400 eggs and nymphs of the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster. Most organophosphate pesticides tested were highly toxic to D. b. piceatus when applied directly to nymphs or adults but 7-day-old residues of these chemicals were only moderately toxic. Nonphosphate pesticides allowed fair to good survival of D. b. piceatus but do not fit into the total summer control program for pear pest control.
EFFECT OF FORMICA OBSCURIPES (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) ON THE PREDATOR–PREY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYPERASPIS CONGRESSIS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) AND TOUMEYELLA NUMISMATICUM (HOMOPTERA: COCCIDAE)
Authors: Bradley G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe scale insect Toumeyella numismaticum Pettit and McDaniel occurred in small areas of heavy infestation in jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb., stands of southeastern Manitoba, where it was present in the same areas every year. The large populations of Formica obscuripes Forel present in the scale-infested areas lessened the effectiveness of the main predator of the scale, the coccinellid Hyperaspis congressis Watson, through interference with the Hyperaspis adults.