bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Dust Production, Growth, and Destruction in Reionization-era Galaxies with the CROC Simulations. II. Predicting the Dust Content of High-redshift Galaxies
Authors: Esmerian Clarke J. , Gnedin Nickolay Y. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We model the interstellar dust content of the reionization era with a suite of cosmological, fluid-dynamical simulations of galaxies with stellar masses ranging from ∼105 to 109
M
⊙ in the first 1.2 Gyr of the Universe. We use a post-processing method that accounts for dust creation and destruction processes, allowing us to systematically vary the parameters of these processes to test whether dust-dependent observable quantities of galaxies at these epochs could be useful for placing constraints on dust physics. We then forward model observable properties of these galaxies to compare to existing data. We find that we are unable to simultaneously match existing observational constraints with any one set of model parameters. Specifically, the models that predict the largest dust masses D/Z ≳ 0.1 at z = 5—because of high assumed production yields and/or efficient growth via accretion in the interstellar medium—are preferred by constraints on total dust mass and infrared (IR) luminosities, but these models produce far too much attenuation in the ultraviolet (UV), preventing them from matching observations of β
UV. To investigate this discrepancy, we analyze the relative spatial distribution of stars and dust as probed by IR and UV emission, which appear to exhibit overly symmetric morphologies compared to existing data, likely due to the limitations of the stellar feedback model used in the simulations. Our results indicate that the observable properties of the dust distribution in high redshift galaxies are a particularly strong test of stellar feedback.
Effect of Ayurveda-based Dietary Modification and Panchakarma Therapy on Plaque Stabilization in patients with coronary artery disease – A Prospective Study
Authors: Sane Rohit , Mandole Rahul , Amin Gurudatta , Ghadigaonkar Pravin , Kulthe Nilesh , Gond Bipin , Khan Sadik , Nimbalkar Nilay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Lifestyle modification, particularly diet modification, has a significant impact on coronary artery disease (CAD) progression. Ayurveda, traditional Indian medical literature, provides a guide to a balanced lifestyle with detailed dietary instructions.

Objective:
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the Ayurveda-based diet kit on components of atheroma plaque: calcified and soft plaque, individually.

Methods:
This prospective, single-arm, multicenter study was conducted in January 2021–December 2021. Patients were assessed for demographic and clinical characteristics and underwent routine 128-slice multi-detector coronary computed tomography angiography with plaque volumetric analysis for CAD diagnosis and to reflect the extent of plaque deposition at the time of recruitment (baseline) and posttherapy. Patients were prescribed appropriate Panchakarma therapy and a high protein, low carbohydrate diet plan provided with the reverse diet kit that is known to have a high oxidative radical absorption capacity (64,000 units per day).

Results:
Out of 280 known CAD patients, 246 patients (mean ± standard deviation: 57.63 ± 9.82 years) completed the study. The mean weight and body mass index significantly decreased poststudy intervention. The mean total cholesterol, mean serum triglycerides, and the mean low-density lipoprotein were noted to be significantly and substantially lowered. The fibrotic plaque volume, the fibrofatty plaque volume, and the overall soft plaque volume were also significantly lowered. The mean total atheroma volume (baseline: 541.33 mm3 vs. end of study: 469.57 mm3) was found to be significantly lowered.

Conclusion:
This study provides an objective world evidence of the effect of Ayurveda-based diet as assessed by the currently available high-end diagnostic tools.
Malignant Right Coronary Artery Causing Positional Angina
Authors: Irshad M. R. Mohamed , Reddy D. Lasya , Mishra Anand Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Malignant Right Coronary Artery (RCA), with an incidence of 0.03%–0.17% in patients undergoing angiography is a rare form of congenital coronary artery anomaly. These patients may be asymptomatic and undetected having a risk of sudden cardiac death or symptomatic and posing a diagnostic and management dilemma. Routine coronary angiography may at times be unable to pick up the lesion due to abnormal location of right coronary ostia. The management has to be individualized based on patient symptoms and other parameters and comorbidities. Here, we present a case of malignant RCA managed by coronary artery bypass grafting.
Evaluation of Serum Pyruvate Kinase M2 and Key Glycolytic Signatures and Its Correlation with Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Women with Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Monteiro Flama , Shetty Vijith Vittal , Shetty Shilpa S. , Acharya Ranjitha , Suhasini P. C. , Nalilu Suchetha Kumari 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
A desired target for cancer therapy is a cancer-specific metabolism which is associated with innate or acquired therapeutic resistance, malignancies, and aggressive cancer growth. Nevertheless, these cells utilize manifold metabolic routes to prolong their mass explosion. Human hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase, muscle (PFKM), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) are fundamental signature players of cancer glycolysis playing a role in cancer cell regulation. Reflecting their metabolic roles may be possible with a better grasp of the metabolism transition in the early onset and spread of cancer. This study was designed to assess the serum protein levels of HK2, PFKM, PKM2, and LDHA in women with breast carcinoma and its correlation with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.

Methods:
In the current research, case–control investigation was undertaken with breast cancer women (n = 30) and compatible healthy women (n = 30) visiting Justice K. S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, who were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baseline characteristics for the study population were marked down. The HK2, PFKM, PKM2, and LDHA levels within serum were estimated by means of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
We observed a difference that was significant among the two groups with regard to age and postmenopausal status and also a difference in first-degree family history. The levels of PKM2 and key glycolytic enzymes in serum varied between the case and control groups. There was a positive correlation that was observed in breast carcinoma subjects with glycolytic proteins and signaling pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR).

Conclusions:
Nevertheless, assured processes that persuade the target enzymes remain vague and require further in-depth exploration. Overall, discovering anticancer therapeutics that target glycolytic enzymes involved in glucose metabolism remains a dilemma.
The Unusual Adverse Effects of Antituberculosis Therapy in Kidney Patients
Authors: Abdullah  , Behera Manas Ranjan , Kaul Anupma , Agarwal Vikas , Prasad Pallavi , Prasad Narayan , Bhadauria Dharmendra Singh , Patel Manas Ranjan , Sharma Harshita 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at a high risk of tuberculosis (TB), with a relative risk of developing active TB of 10%–25%. Similarly, glomerular disease increases the risk of TB due to diminished glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and immunosuppression use. Further, the first-line anti-TB drugs are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) even in patients with normal kidney functions.

Methods:
We retrospectively identified 10 patients hospitalized with unusual adverse effects of antituberculosis therapy (ATT) from 2013 to 2022.

Results:
We found three cases of AKI caused by rifampicin: acute interstitial nephritis, crescentic glomerulonephritis, and heme pigment-induced acute tubular necrosis. We observed rifampicin-induced accelerated hypertension and thrombocytopenia in two patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Isoniazid caused pancreatitis and cerebellitis in two CKD patients, respectively. In a CKD patient, we detected acute gout secondary to pyrazinamide-induced reduced uric acid excretion. We also observed cases of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and hypercalcemia due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with glomerular disease on ATT. Immediate discontinuation of the offending drug, along with specific and supportive management, led to a recovery in all cases.

Conclusion:
The adverse effects of ATT may be unusually severe and varied in kidney patients due to decreased renal elimination. Early recognition of these adverse effects and timely discontinuation of the offending drug is essential to limit morbidity and mortality.
Mycobacterium welchii Vaccine Granuloma – A Cautionary Tale
Authors: George C Anju , Ganguly Satyaki , Behera Ajoy Kumar , Ranganath T G , Khare Soumil 
Published: June 2024

Background:

Mycobacterium welchii (Mycobacterium w) vaccine was one of the many strategies used to both treat and prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We report the results of a retrospective analysis of 15 cases with vaccine-site granulomas after administration of prophylactic Mycobacterium w vaccine as part of a trial for COVID-19 and our experience in managing those cases.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of 15 patients with vaccine-site granulomas who were given the vaccine as a prophylactic measure as part of a trial with informed consent.

Results:
The mean average age of cases was 37 and the male-to-female ratio was 1:0.87. All of the patients developed erythematous tender nodules over the injection sites within a month of receiving the inoculations. Mycobacterial cultures and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification tests yielded negative results. Skin biopsy revealed granulomatous dermatitis with acid-fast bacilli positivity. A diagnosis of noninfective granulomatous dermatitis was made. Treatment started with analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents. Systemic antibiotics were required in 9/15 patients. Patients are being followed up with no reported recurrence till date.

Conclusion:
The possibility of injection-site granuloma should be taken into the risk–benefit analysis for the administration of Mycobacterium w vaccine and the patients should be counseled as such. Patients with persistent ulceration respond to combinations of doxycycline, ofloxacin, and clarithromycin.
Construction of Composite Correlation Index Matrix and Analysis of Cultural Properties of Representatives of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kaiumov Karim Askerovich , Marchenko Varvara Vyacheslavovna , Kokorev Daniil Andreevich , Borodulina Elena Alexandrovna , Ismatullin Danir Damirovich , Lyamin Artem Viktorovich 
Published: June 2024

Background:Microbiological diagnosis of mycobacteriosis is often difficult, as it is necessary to differentiate between transient colonization and active infection.Methods:We studied the cultural properties ofMycobacterium abscessuscomplex (MABSc) strains obtained from cystic fibrosis patients, and also analyzed composite correlation index (CCI) values in patients with repeated MABSc inoculation and their correlation with the presence of clinical and radiological manifestations of mycobacteriosis.Results:As a result, MABSc more often grew in S-form colonies in patients without clinical manifestations of chronic infection, while R-form colonies were characteristic of patients with chronic infection and clinical symptoms. At the same time, in patients examined once, no growth of colonies in the R-form was recorded, and all strains produced growth in the form of either S-colonies or in the S- and R-forms simultaneously. Statistically significant results were obtained for the relationship of the CCI with the clinical and radiological picture. In addition, a heterogeneous MABSc population with low CCI score values correlated with the development of mycobacteriosis in patients. In patients with high CCI score values (homogeneity of isolated strains), on the contrary, there were no radiological or clinical signs of the disease.Conclusion:These data make it possible to build a strategy for monitoring patients depending on changes in CCI score values. The use of CCI matrix to evaluate microorganisms’ identification results is a potentially new method that expands the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Phylogenetic Profile of Nonulcerans and Nontuberculous Environmental Mycobacteria Isolated in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Julien Coulibaly Kalpy , Sabine Vakou N’dri , Venance Kouakou Luc , Karidja Ouattara Yakoura , Eric Yao Kouamé , Fabrice Gnali Gbohounou , Mireille Dosso , Joseph Djaman Allico 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Environmental mycobacteria are involved in several infections ranging from lung to skin infections. In Côte d’Ivoire, apart from Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, little information exists on other species. The culture of these species, a real challenge, especially in developing countries like Cote d’Ivoire, limits their identification. However, there are reports in literature of infections caused by these mycobacteria, and few species have never been described in human or animal infections. These are difficult cases to treat because of their resistance to most antituberculosis antibiotics. The aim of our work was to study the diversity of potentially pathogenic mycobacterial species in wastewater drainage channels in different townships and in two hospital effluents in the city of Abidjan.

Methods:
Wastewater samples were cultured, followed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting mycobacterial 16S ribonucleic acid (16S RNA) using PA/MSHA primers. 16 S RNA identified were sequenced by Sanger techniques. Sequences obtained were analyzed, and a phylogenic tree was built.

Results:
Fast-growing mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium phocaicum, Mycobacterium sp., and others presence, were confirmed both by culture and molecular techniques. M. fortuitum strain was the same in effluents of the Treichville University Hospital and in the wastewater of the township of Koumassi. New species never isolated in Côte d’Ivoire, such as M. phocaicum, have been identified in wastewater of the township of Yopougon.

Conclusion:
This study showed that the sewer network in the city of Abidjan is colonized by both potentially pathogenic mycobacteria and saprophytic environmental mycobacteria.
Decision-making styles, magical thinking, and intolerance of uncertainty in opioid use disorder
Authors: Danışman Mustafa , İspir Gamze Zengin 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The global opioid use problem presents a complex public health challenge characterized by increasing overdoses, addiction rates, and fatalities. Personal factors such as cognitive traits, distress tolerance, and decision-making styles play a crucial role in influencing opioid use trajectories.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate decision-making styles, magical ideation, and intolerance of uncertainty among current and past opioid users and healthy controls to contribute to the literature on opioid use disorder.

Methods:
Three groups were involved: current opioid users (n = 94), past opioid users (n = 93), and healthy controls (n = 100). Participants completed self-report scales assessing magical ideation, intolerance of uncertainty, and decision-making styles. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression.

Results:
Current opioid users exhibited lower vigilance decision-making styles and higher magical ideation scores than past users and controls. Decisional self-esteem correlated positively with vigilant decision-making in current and past opioid users. Magical ideation scores correlated positively with maladaptive decision-making styles across all groups. Intolerance of uncertainty did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions:
This study emphasizes that decision-making styles and magical thinking might have significant roles in opioid use disorder. These results contribute valuable insights to tailor interventions and support systems for individuals struggling with opioid use disorder.
Effect of Virtual Reality on Dental Pain in Children during Local Anesthesia Administration
Authors: Bakhaider Arwa Abdulrhman , Beshlawi Arwa Ali , Alsoufi Marwah Salah , Alamer Taghreed Kamel Alhashmi , Senan Maram Mohammed Morshed , Vanka Shanthi , Vanka Amit , Wali Othman 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental procedures often generate anxiety and fear in children. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel method of distraction for behavior management during dental treatment.

Aim:
To evaluate the effect of using VR eyeglasses on anxiety/pain during local anesthesia (LA) administration for children.

Materials and Methods:
Children aged 6–12 years, rated to be Frankl +(positive) or −(negative) without any systemic background were included. Children receiving inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia were randomized into two groups: Control group (n = 20) exposed to Tell-Show-Do (TSD) alone and study group (n = 20) exposed to TSD with VR through the use of head-mounted immersive type of display powered by a smartphone VR box. Oxygen saturation (SpO2), pulse rate (PR), and anxiety/pain were monitored preoperatively, during LA administration and postoperatively.

Results:
SpO2 showed no significant difference between the groups, whereas PR and perceived pain levels were significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions:
PR and pain scores were reduced with the use of VR in children during the administration of LA. VR can be an effective tool in managing behavior of children rated Frankl positive and negative.
Endodontic Management of Dens in Dente – A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series
Authors: Aras Sanket Dilip , Borkar Anamika Chetan , Kale Sonal , Maral Sayali , Jaggi Prakriti , Sonawane Shailendra 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Dens in dente is a developmental dental malformation with various anatomical traits that make treatment difficult. The importance of a timely and correct diagnosis in determining the most effective treatment approach cannot be overstated. Using three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques has improved the diagnosis of teeth with complex anatomies, such as dens in dente. This systematic review aimed to determine the different techniques for endodontic management of teeth with Dens in dente having periapical lesions.

Materials and Methods:
Case reports and case series were identified in databases - PubMed-MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Research Gate, EBSCO-Host, Scopus, and Cochrane Library based on title, abstract, and full text published in the English language between January 1, 2016 and April 30, 2023. Patients who have periapical lesions and dens in dente in their permanent teeth and reporting on the results of nonsurgical or surgical intervention in terms of healing were eligible for this review, while editorial reviews, review papers, abstracts, letters to the editor, and animal studies are all excluded. Case studies on deciduous teeth, dens in dente retreatment, or dens associated with other developmental disorders are also excluded. Three authors evaluated the quality of the included studies. The quality of the included case reports and case series was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports and Case Series.

Results and Discussion:
A total of 28 articles were suitable for inclusion, with 24 case reports and 4 case series. According to the available evidence, the condition is linked to an increased prevalence of pulp disease. Any necessary endodontic treatment may be difficult due to the aberrant anatomy. Early identification and preventive intervention rescued the teeth from further dental diseases.

Conclusion:
Nevertheless, thorough diagnoses and treatment planning are essential. Maintaining the vitality of the pulp or conserving the tooth using the least invasive way is the guiding principle when choosing a treatment modality. A surgical approach is only needed if the conservative approach fails. In the current systematic review, all cases showed reduction in the size of the periapical lesion or complete periapical healing.
An Investigation of Quality of Life of Head-and-neck Cancer Patients after Tumor Resection and Subsequent Prosthetic Rehabilitation: A Clinical Study
Authors: Deshpande Saee , Radke Usha , Pande Neelam 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Head-and-neck cancer and its treatment can decrease the quality of life (QoL) of patients in consequence of the loss of structural and functional integrity of the oro- and nasopharyngeal region. Maxillofacial prosthetic treatment is advised when anatomical structures of the head and neck are not replaceable by living tissue, when recurrence is likely, when radiotherapy is administered, or when fragment of fractured bones are severely displaced. The aim of the study was to examine whether prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillofacial defects affects the QoL of patients using the University of Washington (UW)-QoL.

Materials and Methods:
This was the prospective interventional study using pre- and post-design using a convenience sampling method. The prosthesis was fabricated as per the clinical situation using heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate, maxillofacial silicone, or a combination of both.

Results:
The overall mean composite QOL score before rehabilitation was 68.05 ± 16.98 and after rehabilitation, it was 73.22 ± 11.28. Chewing and saliva (dryness of the mouth) had the lowest scores (55 ± 9.2, 62 ± 8.6, respectively) among all domains, whereas pain and anxiety had the highest scores (93 ± 3.7, 95 ± 1.5, respectively). The domains of appearance, speech, swallowing, chewing, saliva, and overall QoL showed statistically significant improvements postprosthetic rehabilitation.

Conclusions:
In the present study and selected population, the subjective analysis using UW-QOL showed that despite altered anatomy following resection and reconstruction, compromised physiology following chemoradiation, the oral cancer patients coped well and adapted to near-normal oral status after prosthetic rehabilitation. This was evident from their improved QOL after 1 month of prosthetic rehabilitation.
Case Report: Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Adults with Burkholderia Pseudomallei Bacteremia: A Retrospective Case Series of Melioidosis in Cambodia
Authors: Pacheco Andrea R. , Chea Sophana , Saunders Helena , Ly Sokna , Sath Ratanak , Tim Rathna , Lay Sreyngim , Oum Mengheng , Tang Gechlang , Long Lyhourng , Ly Sovann , Seng Heng , Krang Sidonn , Chhuon Chhouv , Te Vantha , Seang Sosorphea , Lon Chanthap , Yek Christina , Manning Jessica E. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT.
In resource-scarce settings, melioidosis is associated with up to 80% mortality. Studies of melioidosis in Cambodia report primarily on pediatric populations with localized infection; however, literature describing Cambodian adults with severe melioidosis is lacking. We present a case series of 35 adults with sequence-confirmed Burkholderia pseudomallei bacteremia presenting to a provincial referral hospital in rural Cambodia. More than 90% of the patients had diabetes, an important risk factor for developing melioidosis. Inappropriate antimicrobial therapy was significantly associated with lower odds of survival. Improved diagnostic testing and greater access to first-line antibiotics for acute melioidosis treatment present potential targets for intervention to reduce mortality associated with this disease in resource-limited settings.