bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change of synovial vascularity in a single finger joint assessed by power doppler sonography correlated with radiographic change in rheumatoid arthritis: Comparative study of a novel quantitative score with a semiquantitative score
Authors: Fukae Jun , Kon Yujiro , Henmi Mihoko , Sakamoto Fumihiko , Narita Akihiro , Shimizu Masato , Tanimura Kazuhide , Matsuhashi Megumi , Kamishima Tamotsu , Atsumi Tatsuya , Koike Takao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between synovial vascularity assessed by quantitative power Doppler sonography (PDS) and progression of structural bone damage in a single finger joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe studied 190 metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and 190 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of 19 patients with active RA who had initial treatment with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Patients were examined by clinical and laboratory assessments throughout the study. Hand and foot radiography was performed at baseline and the twentieth week. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at baseline. PDS was performed at baseline and the eighth week. Synovial vascularity was evaluated according to both quantitative and semiquantitative methods.ResultsQuantitative PDS was significantly correlated with the enhancement rate of MRI in each single finger joint. Comparing quantitative synovial vascularity and radiographic change in single MCP or PIP joints, the level of vascularity at baseline showed a significant positive correlation with radiographic progression at the twentieth week. The change of vascularity in response to DMARDs, defined as the percentage change in vascularity by the eighth week from baseline, was inversely correlated with radiographic progression in each MCP joint. The quantitative PDS method was more useful than the semiquantitative method for the evaluation of synovial vascularity in a single finger joint.ConclusionThe change of synovial vascularity in a single finger joint determined by quantitative PDS could numerically predict its radiographic progression. Using vascularity as a guide to consider a therapeutic approach would have benefits for patients with active RA.
Functional impairment of the arterial wall in primary Sjögren's syndrome: Combined action of immunologic and inflammatory factors
Authors: Gerli Roberto , Vaudo Gaetano , Bocci Elena Bartoloni , Schillaci Giuseppe , Alunno Alessia , Luccioli Filippo , Hijazi Raed , Mannarino Elmo , Shoenfeld Yehuda 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectivePrimary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) shares clinical and serologic features with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 diseases characterized by acceleration of atherosclerosis. Signs of precocious atherosclerosis have also been shown in SS, although the pathogenic basis of early arterial damage is unclear. The arterial wall was functionally evaluated in SS subjects with analysis of the role played by disease‐related factors.MethodsEndothelium‐dependent flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMV) and endothelium‐independent nitrate‐mediated vasodilation (NMV) were evaluated in 45 women with SS and 59 age‐matched female controls. In addition, serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), and nitrotyrosine were detected.ResultsAlthough patient FMV values did not differ from those of control subjects (mean ± SD 7.4 ± 3.6 versus 7.7 ± 1.9; not significant), NMV was lower in SS patients than in controls (mean ± SD 8.1 ± 3.5 versus 10.3 ± 2.1; P ≤ 0.001). Patient NMV was inversely correlated with soluble VCAM‐1 levels (r = −0.38, P = 0.001) and directly correlated with leukocyte count (r = 0.26, P = 0.03). An NMV decrease was confirmed in SS patient subsets with evidence of leukopenia, rheumatoid factor, anti‐SSB antibodies, and joint involvement. However, patients with joint involvement or parotid enlargement, 2 of the sites mainly affected by chronic inflammation in SS, had an FMV lower than controls and patients without these clinical features.ConclusionOur results suggest that a functional impairment of the arterial wall may sustain early phases of atherosclerotic damage in SS. A combined effect of disease‐related chronic inflammatory and immunologic factors appears to support dysfunction of endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively.
The Potential of Istanbul's Unprogrammed Public Spaces
Authors: Ertaş Hülya 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIstanbul recreates itself constantly. A continually evolving city, it can be likened to a living organism. As Hülya Ertaş explains it owes much of its vibrancy and heterogeneity to its unprogrammed spaces. These create a blank canvas for the metropolis' citizens and their activities. They are also at the essence of the city's enviable diversity, as they provide important meeting places for a rich mix of social and ethnic groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regioselective Reactions on a Chiral Substrate Controlled by the Configuration of a Chiral Catalyst
Authors: Kumar Raju Ranjith , Kagan Henri B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA racemic mixture may be partially transformed in the presence of a chiral catalyst by kinetic resolution and formation of products with new structural features. If the starting material is fully consumed the products may still be enantiomerically enriched. The situation is summarized in the Introduction. A brief discussion on the regioselective transformations occurring on a racemic mixture under the influence of a chiral catalyst is presented in Section 2. Often stereo‐differences occur, each enantiomer of the starting material resulting in a different product. It allows one to predict what the behaviour of some enantiopure substrates should be in presence of each of the enantiomers of a chiral catalyst. Many examples are presented in Section 3. The chiral substrates under consideration have two different reacting sites, usually of the same nature (OH, CC, allylic positions, CH for carbene insertion, epoxide fragment, etc.). In some cases the absolute configuration of the catalyst allows an excellent control of the regioselectivity. This approach is promising for the selective transformation of chiral molecules.
Mass transport and thermodynamic analysis of PAHs in partitioning systems in the presence and absence of ultrasonication
Authors: Isaza Pedro A. , Daugulis Andrew J. , Karan Kunal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTransport of PAHs from Desmopan polymers to methanol under various mixing conditions and in the presence of ultrasound was analyzed. PAH transport was influenced by external transport resistances; however, agitation greater than 800 rpm yielded PAH transport completely limited by internal resistances. Delivery rates of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene with ultrasonication were faster than that under any mixing condition, suggesting enhanced internal transport properties. Ultrasound also induced increased concentrations of PAHs in solution at equilibrium. The model developed described PAH delivery under sonicated/non‐sonicated conditions, while quantifying diffusive and thermodynamic properties. Diffusivities with and without ultrasound decreased with permeant molecular size agreeing with coefficients determined for similar aromatic compounds in polymers. Partitioning coefficients under sonicated and non‐sonicated conditions conclusively differed from each other and decreased as a function of PAH molecular size. Quantitative structure‐property relationship data of PAHs yielded factors predicting thermodynamic and transport behaviors, with polarizability being the best descriptor. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Flow of particles suspended in a sheared viscous fluid: Effects of finite inertia and inelastic collisions
Authors: Abbas Micheline , Climent Eric , Parmentier Jean‐François , Simonin Olivier 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe investigate in this article the macroscopic behavior of sheared suspensions of spherical particles. The effects of the fluid inertia, the Brownian diffusion, and the gravity are neglected. We highlight the influence of the solid‐phase inertia on the macroscopic behavior of the suspension, considering moderate to high Stokes numbers. Typically, this study is concerned with solid particles O (100 μm) suspended in a gas with a concentration varying from 5% to 30%. A hard‐sphere collision model (with elastic or inelasic rebounds) coupled with the particle Lagrangian tracking is used to simulate the suspension dynamics in an unbounded periodic domain. We first consider the behavior of the suspension with perfect elastic collisions. The suspension properties reveal a strong dependence on the particle inertia and concentration. Increasing the Stokes number from 1 to 10 induces an enhancement of the particle agitation by three orders of magnitude and an evolution of the probability density function of the fluctuating velocity from a highly peaked (close to the Dirac function) to a Maxwellian shape. This sharp transition in the velocity distribution function is related to the time scale which controls the overall dynamics of the suspension flow. The particle relaxation (resp. collision) time scale dominates the particulate phase behavior in the weakly (resp. highly) agitated suspensions. The numerical results are compared with the prediction of two statistical models based on the kinetic theory for granular flows adapted to moderately inertial regimes. The suspensions have a Newtonian behavior when they are highly agitated similarly to rapid granular flows. However, the stress tensors are highly anisotropic in weakly agitated suspensions as a difference of normal stresses arises. Finally, we discuss the effect of energy dissipation due to inelastic collisions on the statistical quantities. We also tested the influence of a simple modeling of local hydrodynamic interactions during the collision by using a restitution coefficient which depends on the local impact velocities. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
A Phase II trial of the oral mTOR inhibitor everolimus in relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Johnston Patrick B. , Inwards David J. , Colgan Joseph P. , Laplant Betsy R. , Kabat Brian F. , Habermann Thomas M. , Micallef Ivana N. , Porrata Luis F. , Ansell Stephen M. , Reeder Craig B. , Roy Vivek , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEverolimus is an oral antineoplastic agent that targets the raptor mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1). The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/mTOR signal transduction pathway has been demonstrated to be activated in tumor samples from patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The goal of this trial was to learn the antitumor activity and toxicity of everolimus in patients with relapsed/refractory HL. Patients were eligible if they had measurable disease, a platelet count >75,000, and an absolute neutrophil count >1,000. Patients received everolimus 10 mg PO daily. Dose reductions were allowed. Response was assessed after two and six cycles and then every three cycles until progression. Patients could remain on drug until progression or toxicity. Nineteen patients were enrolled. Median age was 37 years (range, 27–68). Patients had received a median of six prior therapies (range, 3–14) and 84% had undergone prior autologous stem cell transplant. The ORR was 47% (95% CI: 24–71%) with eight patients achieving a PR and one patient achieving a CR. The median TTP was 7.2 months. Four responders remained progression free at 12 months. Patients received a median of seven cycles of therapy. Of the 19 patients, one remains on therapy at 36 months; the others went off study because of progressive disease (16), toxicity (1), and death from infection (1). Four patients experienced a Grade 3 or higher pulmonary toxicity. Everolimus has single‐agent activity in relapsed/refractory HL and provides proof‐of‐concept that targeting the mTOR pathway in HL is clinically relevant. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase on films prepared by the electrochemical copolymerization of pyrrole and 1‐(2‐carboxyethyl)pyrrole for ethanol sensing
Authors: Shimomura Masato , Kuwahara Takashi , Iizuka Kaede , Kinoshita Toshiki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical copolymerization of pyrrole and 1‐(2‐carboxyethyl)pyrrole (Py‐COOH) was carried out, and a conducting polymer film with a Py‐COOH content of 5% and a conductivity of 6.6 × 10−4 S/cm was obtained. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was attached through amide linkage onto the surface of the conducting polymer film for the purpose of fabricating an ADH‐immobilized electrode applicable to the amperometric sensing of ethanol. The quantity and activity of the immobilized ADH were determined to be 400 μg/cm2 and 0.6 U/mg, respectively. With the ADH‐immobilized electrode, amperometric ethanol sensing was attempted in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (a cofactor of ADH) and Meldola's blue (an electron‐transferring mediator). The ADH‐immobilized electrode made the current response correspond to ethanol concentration, which reached 10 μA/cm2 at a concentration of 14 mM. The selectivity of the sensing was examined with alcohols other than ethanol. It was found that the ADH/copolymer electrode had a considerably larger current response to allyl alcohol. The selectivity was attributed to the specificity of native ADH with respect to the oxidation of alcohols. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Plasticization of poly(arylene ether nitrile) by the melt blending of phthalonitrile prepolymer: A rheological, mechanical, and thermal study
Authors: Zhong Jiachun , Jia Kun , Zhao Rui , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPoly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN)/phthalonitrile prepolymer (PNP) blends were prepared via a melt‐mixing process. The melt flow properties, compatibility, and thermal and mechanical properties were characterized by dynamic rheological testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile testing, thermal analysis, and fracture surface morphology observation. The melt‐mixed PEN/PNP blends displayed excellent melt flow properties during processing. When the PNP content in PEN was increased, the viscosity of the blends decreased considerably. Compared with that of pure PEN, the dynamic complex viscosity of the PEN/PNP blend with an 11% addition of PNP dropped sharply from 7000 to 2000 Pa s at 350°C and a frequency of 10 Hz. The dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results showed good compatibility between PEN and PNP. Observations of the morphology of the fractured surfaces revealed better component dispersion in which PNP was dissolved in the PEN matrix. Importantly for further commercial applications, the blending materials maintained the characteristic thermal and thermooxidative stability and mechanical properties of PEN. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Flammability and mechanical properties of wood flour‐filled polypropylene composites
Authors: Bakar M. B. Abu , Ishak Z. A. Mohd , Taib R. Mat , Rozman H. D. , Jani S. Mohamad 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) composites filled with wood flour (WF) were prepared with a twin‐screw extruder and an injection‐molding machine. Three types of ecologically friendly flame retardants (FRs) based on ammonium polyphosphate were used to improve the FR properties of the composites. The flame retardancy of the PP/WF composites was characterized with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vertical burn testing (UL94‐V), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements. The TGA data showed that all three types of FRs could enhance the thermal stability of the PP/WF/FR systems at high temperatures and effectively increase the char residue formation. The FRs could effectively reduce the flammability of the PP/WF/FR composites by achieving V‐0 UL94‐V classification. The increased LOI also showed that the flammability of the PP/WF/FR composites was reduced with the addition of FRs. The mechanical property study revealed that, with the incorporation of FRs, the tensile strength and flexural strength were decreased, but the tensile and flexural moduli were increased in all cases. The presence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) resulted in an improvement of the filler–matrix bonding between the WF/intumescent FR and PP, and this consequently enhanced the overall mechanical properties of the composites. Morphological studies carried out with scanning electron microscopy revealed clear evidence that the adhesion at the interfacial region was enhanced with the addition of MAPP to the PP/WF/FR composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some 1,3‐Dihydro‐2H‐3‐benzazepin‐2‐ones with a Piperazine Moiety as Bradycardic Agents
Authors: Liang Hong‐Yu , Zhang Deng‐Qing , Yue Yun , Shi Zhe , Zhao Sheng‐Yin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of 1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐3‐benzazepin‐2‐ones with a piperazine moiety were designed and synthesized by treating the common intermediate of 1,3‐dihydro‐7,8‐dimethoxy‐3‐[3‐(1‐piperazinyl)propyl]‐2H‐3‐benzazepin‐2‐ones with a variety ofN‐aryl‐2‐chloroacetamides and acyl chlorides. Their structures have been characterized by1H‐NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The title compounds were evaluated for their bradycardic activityin vitro. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited some vasorelaxant activity and heart‐rate‐reducing activity with bradycardic potency.
Reactivity with dichotomous determinants of Ro 60 stratifies autoantibody responses in lupus and primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Reed Joanne H. , Dudek Nadine L. , Osborne Shannon E. , Kaufman Kenneth M. , Jackson Michael W. , Purcell Anthony W. , Gordon Tom P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveAnalysis of B cell determinants of Ro 60 exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells (apotopes) or intracellular epitopes provides insight into the structural forms of the autoantigen that break immune tolerance. This study was initiated to compare anti–Ro 60 responses in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) against membrane‐bound and intracellular forms of Ro 60.MethodsThe reactivity of autoantibodies from patients with SLE and primary SS to Ro 60 apotopes and epitopes was assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry and solid‐phase immunoassay. Anti–Ro 60 IgG was eluted from early apoptotic cells or recombinant Ro 60 immobilized on nitrocellulose, and binding to membrane‐bound and intracellular forms of Ro 60 was quantitated by flow cytometry.ResultsAn immunodominant apotope, which was recognized by IgG from a subset of SLE patients with anti‐Ro, but not anti‐La, autoantibodies, was mapped to a region forming a helix‐loop‐helix at the apical tip of the Ro 60 molecule. Immobilization of this region to the solid phase exposed an epitope that was recognized by IgG from primary SS and SLE patients whose sera had both anti‐Ro and anti‐La autoantibodies. Autoantibodies eluted from either the surface of apoptotic cells or the Ro 60 epitope on the solid phase were non–cross‐reactive and specifically recognized membrane‐bound or cytoplasmic forms of Ro 60.ConclusionThis is the first example of a dichotomy of human autoantibody responses against mutually exclusive determinants linked to a single domain of a systemic autoantigen and supports a model in which tolerance is broken by different immunogenic forms of Ro 60.
Iron(III) and Zinc(II) Calixarene Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Studies, and Use as Procatalysts for ε‐Caprolactone Polymerization
Authors: Arbaoui Abdessamad , Redshaw Carl , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Wright Victoria E. , Yoshizawa Akina , Yamato Takehiko 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTreatment of the heterobimetallic iron(II) alkoxides [(THF)MFe(OtBu)3]2 with p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]areneH4 (L1H4) affords the oxo‐bridged diiron(III) complexes {Fe[M(NCMe)x]2L1}2(μ‐O), M=Na, x=2 1⋅8(CH3CN), M= K, x=3 2⋅3.5(CH3CN); similar use of p‐tert‐butylcalix[6]areneH6 (L2H6) afforded [{Fe2(μ‐O)Na2(OH2)(NCMe)2L2}2][{Fe2(μ‐O)Na(OH2)(NCMe)6L2}2]2−[Na(NCMe)5]22+ 3⋅9.46(CH3CN) and [{Fe2(μ‐O)L2(K(NCMe)2)2}2] 4⋅10.8(MeCN), respectively. In the case of 4, a minor product {(L22Fe8O8)[K(NCMe)1.5K(H2O)(NCMe)2.5]2} 5⋅6(CH3CN), which is comprised of chains of (L22Fe8O8) clusters bridged by K/MeCN fragments, is also isolated. Use of p‐tert‐butylcalix[8]areneH8 (L3H8) and two equivalents of [(THF)KFe(OtBu)3]2 affords [(K2(μ‐NCCH3)4(μ‐OH2))2(Fe2(μ‐O)L3H2)2(CH3CN)2] 6⋅9(CH3CN). In the case of p‐tert‐butyltetrahomodioxacalix[6]areneH6 (L4H6), reaction with [(THF)MFe(OtBu)3]2 (two equivalents) leads to isolation of the pseudoisomorphic complexes [M2(CH3CN)4L4Fe2(μ‐O)].4CH3CN M=Na 7⋅4(CH3CN), M=K 8⋅2(CH3CN); similar use of p‐tert‐butylhexahomotrioxacalix[3]areneH3 (L5H3) led to [Na2Fe2(μ‐OH)2(L5)2(CH3CN)4] 9⋅2(CH2Cl2). The complex [L4(ZnEt)4Zn2(CH3CN)4(μ‐OEt)2], 10⋅2(CH3CN), isolated from the reaction of L4H6 and ZnEt2 is also reported. Complexes 1–10 are structurally characterized (partially in the case of 4) and screened (not 5) as catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone.
Supercapacitive transport of pharmacologic agents using nanoporous gold electrodes
Authors: Gittard Shaun D. , Pierson Bonnie E. , Ha Cindy M. , Wu Chung‐An Max , Narayan Roger J. , Robinson David B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this study, nanoporous gold supercapacitors were produced by electrochemical dealloying of gold‐silver alloy. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy confirmed completion of the dealloying process and generation of a porous gold material with ∼10 nm diameter pores. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry of the nanoporous gold electrodes indicated that these materials exhibited supercapacitor behavior. The storage capacity of the electrodes measured by chronoamperometry was ∼3 mC at 200 mV. Electrochemical storage and voltage‐controlled delivery of two model pharmacologic agents, benzylammonium and salicylic acid, was demonstrated. These results suggest that capacitance‐based storage and delivery of pharmacologic agents may serve as an alternative to conventional drug delivery methods.