bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression correction and characteristic study in liquid chromatography/Fourier transform mass spectrometry measurements
Authors: Ma Xuepo , Hestilow Travis J. , Cui Jian , Zhang Jianqiu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAnalysis of peptide profiles from liquid chromatography/Fourier transform mass spectrometry (LC/FTMS) reveals a nonlinear distortion in intensity. Investigation of the measured C13/C12 ratios comparing with theoretical ones shows that the nonlinearity can be attributed to signal suppression of low abundance peptide peaks. We find that the suppression is homogenous for different isotopes of identical peptides but non‐homogenous for different peptides. We develop an iterative correction algorithm that corrects the intensity distortions for peptides with relatively high abundance. This algorithm can be applied in a wide range of applications using LC/FTMS. We also analyze the distortion characteristics of the instrument for lower abundance peptides, which should be considered when interpreting quantification results of LC/FTMS. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact ionisation spectra from hypervelocity impacts using aliphatic poly(methyl methacrylate) microparticle projectiles
Authors: Burchell Mark J. , Armes Steven P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report impact ionisation spectra from spherical poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microparticles of 724 nm diameter impacting a rhodium target. These projectiles were coated with an ultrathin (∼11 nm) overlayer of polypyrrole, an electrically conducting organic polymer; this enabled the accumulation of sufficient surface charge to allow electrostatic acceleration up to speeds of 4 to 8 km s−1 using a high‐voltage Van de Graaff instrument. A grid above the target (held at 3.33 kV cm−1 with respect to the target) accelerated the cations that were generated during the hypervelocity impacts, and these ions then drifted to a charge detector. By measuring the collected charge vs. time and assuming only single ionisation events, time‐of‐flight mass spectra were obtained. Strong signals were observed for cationic species with ions of m/z 41, 65 and 115. There were also minor contributions from cations with masses ranging from m/z 29 to 142. The three major signals are assigned to fragment ions (C3H, C4H5O+/C5H and C6H11O) which are known to be associated with the decomposition of PMMA. These impact ionisation spectra differ significantly from those reported earlier using polystyrene (PS) microparticles. The aliphatic PMMA microparticles generate small (m/z <100) fragment ions more readily at lower speeds than the predominantly aromatic PS microparticles, where speeds of at least 10 km s−1 are typically required for substantial yields of low‐mass fragment ions. This correlates well with the well‐known greater chemical and thermal fragility of PMMA compared to PS. The PMMA microparticles should prove useful synthetic mimics for aliphatic carbonaceous micrometeorites. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A laboratory training and evaluation technique for robot assisted ex vivo kidney transplantation
Authors: Khanna Ajai , Horgan Santiago 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe technique of kidney transplantation has been well established. The operation is typically performed through a lower quadrant muscle cutting incision. With advances in robotic technology, many procedures are now being performed using the robot. This article describes a simple model of ex‐vivo kidney transplantation using the robotic technique. This is a good training model and could be applied in select group of patients in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecological modernization and environmental policy reform in Thailand: the case of food processing SMEs
Authors: Wattanapinyo Ajchara , Mol Arthur P. J. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTTo mitigate environmental pollution from a rapidly expanding Thai food processing industry, different options and technologies can be identified. However, actually implementing these environmental improvements within small and medium‐sized agro‐food companies requires governing efforts of a variety of actors. This paper assesses feasible paths towards the ecological modernization of small and medium‐sized agro‐food processing industries in Thailand. A so‐called quartet‐network model is applied to analyze the greening potentials for small and medium‐sized enterprises in three agro‐food sectors in Northern Thailand: fruit and vegetable processing industries, meat processing companies and fruit wine enterprises. Conclusions are drawn on how actors in the networks around these companies could contribute towards a more sustainable development of these companies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Intrusion diagnosis and prediction with expert system
Authors: Liu Xuejiao , Fang Chengfang , Xiao Debao 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNetwork diagnosis and attack prediction can help the network administrator to take timely actions to defend against well‐planned attacks that exploit a chain of vulnerabilities. One important data source for such analysis is the alerts generated by intrusion detection systems (IDS) deployed over the network. However, IDS typically generates overwhelming amount of alerts, where one cannot simply aggregate or discard. In addition, the chance of a successful exploit depends on many hidden factors such as system status and attacker power, and thus the dependencies among exploits and conditions are typically too complicated to analyze under probability framework. In this paper, we employ expert system to deal with such uncertainties and conduct certainty factor inference. We show that analysis in fuzzy system is tractable and we propose an algorithm to analyze the network status and predict the potential attacks. Finally, we give a case study to illustrate our algorithm and evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on the DARPA data sets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symmetric key infrastructure for authenticated key establishment between resource constrained nodes and powerful devices
Authors: Vossaert Jan , Lapon Jorn , De Decker Bart , Naessens Vincent 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a generic lightweight solution for authentication between powerful devices and resource constrained nodes. The approach is validated through the architectural design of multiple applications in different domains. The paper further discusses variants that might increase the usability of the approach in different settings. More precisely, the solution is tuned for open systems, closed systems and hierarchically structured systems. Further, two use cases are presented in which the open system and closed system approach is applied. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Could firewall rules be public – a game theoretical perspective
Authors: Liao Qi , Li Zhen , Striegel Aaron 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFirewalls are among the most important components in network security. Traditionally, the rules of the firewall are kept private under the assumption that privacy of the ruleset makes attacks on the network more difficult. We posit that this assumption is no longer valid in the Internet of today due to two factors: the emergence of botnets reducing probing difficulty and second, the emergence of distributed applications where private rules increase the difficulty of troubleshooting. We argue that the enforcement of the policy is the key, not the secrecy of the policy itself. In this paper, we demonstrate through the application of game theory thatpublicfirewall rules when coupled with false information (lying) are actually better than keeping firewall rules private, especially when taken in the larger group context of the Internet. Interesting scenarios arise when honest, public firewalls are socially insured by other lying firewalls and networks adopting public firewalls become mutually beneficial to each other. The equilibrium under multiple‐network game is socially optimal because the percentage of required lying firewalls in social optimum is much smaller than the percentage in single‐network equilibrium and the chance of attacking through firewalls is further reduced to zero. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex software project development: agile methods adoption
Authors: Mishra Deepti , Mishra Alok 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Agile Software Development paradigm has become increasingly popular in the last few years, since it claims lower costs, better productivity, better quality and better business satisfaction. Supply chain management (SCM) is a complex software development project. Owing to its scope and uncertain, complex and unstable requirements, it is not possible to develop it with predictable software development process models. Agile methodologies are targeted toward such kinds of problems that involve change and uncertainty, and are adaptive rather than predictive. How an agile process is introduced will significantly impact the implementation success of the process change. The objective of this paper is to analyze the agile development methodologies and management approach used in developing a complex software project. This further demonstrates how to overcome risks and barriers in each development phase of such complex inventive software projects. It also provides a set of guidelines regarding how the agile methodologies can be adopted, combined and used in these kinds of complex software projects. These findings have implications for software engineers and managers developing software by agile methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decomposition tool for event‐B
Authors: Silva Renato , Pascal Carine , Hoang Thai Son , Butler Michael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo methods have been identified for Event‐B model decomposition: shared variable and shared event. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the two approaches and the respective tool support in the Rodin platform. Besides alleviating the complexity for large systems and respective proofs, decomposition allows team development in parallel over the same Event‐B project which is very attractive in the industrial environment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A retrospective on CZT
Authors: Malik Petra 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCommunity Z Tools (CZT) is an open‐source Java framework for building formal methods tools for the specification language Z and extensions of Z. This paper gives an overview of CZT: its history, architecture, and development process. Extensibility is core to CZT and the main aims of this paper are to encourage and enable formal methods tool developers to utilize, extend, and contribute to CZT. The paper is also of value to people interested in open‐source or formal methods software in general since many of the techniques and practices described are not specific to CZT and could be applied to other frameworks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Hydrogen Solubility in Fe–Mn–C Melts
Authors: Lob Alexander , Senk Dieter , Hallstedt Bengt 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHigh manganese steels are supposed to be sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement. This can be explained by increased hydrogen solubility in comparison to unalloyed steels. To minimise hydrogen pick up during melting operations, it is necessary to know accurately the hydrogen solubility as function of hydrogen partial pressure, temperature and Mn content. In this work in situ measurements of hydrogen content at 12, 18 and 23 wt.% Mn (and 0.6 wt.% C) using the Hydris® system are compared to pin‐tube measurements. Below about 7 ppm [H] both methods gave the same results and above 7 ppm [H] the in situ measurement showed slightly higher hydrogen contents because some hydrogen is lost during quenching with the pin‐tube method. The measured solubilities were compared with thermodynamic calculations. Using dilute solution theory with data developed for alloyed Fe‐based melts with up to 10 wt.% Mn gives reasonable results except that the hydrogen solubility is slighltly underestimated for the presently investigated Mn contents. This could be compensated by using an interaction parameter of e = –0.004 instead of e = –0.0012. A Calphad type extrapolation from the binary Fe–H, Mn–H and Fe–Mn systems gave results very close to the experimental ones. This work is a contribution from the collaborative research centre SFB 761 “Steel – ab initio”.
Characterization of Nano‐Sized Precipitates in a Mn‐Based Lean Maraging Steel by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Millán J. , Ponge D. , Raabe D. , Choi P. , Dmitrieva O. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present atom probe tomography results of a precipitation‐hardened Mn‐based maraging steel (9 Mn, 1.9 Ni, 0.6 Mo, 1.1 Ti, 0.33 Al; in at.%). The alloy is characterized by the surprising effect that both, strength and total elongation increase upon aging. The material reveals a high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) up to 1 GPa and good ductility (total elongation (TE) of up to 15% in a tensile test) depending on aging conditions. We map the evolution of the precipitates after 450 °C aging treatment using atom probe tomography in terms of chemical composition and size distribution.
Abnormalities of the upper extremities on fetal magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Nemec S. F. , Kasprian G. , Brugger P. C. , Bettelheim D. , Amann G. , Nemec U. , Rotmensch S. , Graham J. M. , Rimoin D. L. , Lachman R. S. , Prayer D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveIn view of the increasing use of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an adjunct to prenatal ultrasonography, we sought to demonstrate the visualization of upper extremity abnormalities and associated defects on MRI, with regard to fetal outcomes and compared with ultrasound imaging.MethodsThis retrospective study included 29 fetuses with upper extremity abnormalities visualized with fetal MRI following suspicious ultrasound findings and confirmed by postnatal assessment or autopsy. On a 1.5‐Tesla unit, dedicated sequences were applied to image the extremities. Central nervous system (CNS) and extra‐CNS anomalies were assessed to define extremity abnormalities as isolated or as complex, with associated defects. Fetal outcome was identified from medical records. MRI and ultrasound findings, when available, were compared.ResultsIsolated upper extremity abnormalities were found in three (10.3%) fetuses. In 26 (89.7%) fetuses complex abnormalities, including postural extremity disorders (21/26) and structural extremity abnormalities (15/26), were demonstrated. Associated defects involved: face (15/26); musculoskeletal system (14/26); thorax and cardio/pulmonary system (12/26); lower extremities (12/26); brain and skull (10/26); and abdomen (8/26). Of the 29 cases, 18 (62.1%) pregnancies were delivered and 11 (37.9%) were terminated. MRI and US findings were compared in 27/29 cases: the diagnosis was concordant in 14 (51.9%) of these cases, and additional findings were made on MRI in 13/27 (48.1%) cases.ConclusionsVisualization of upper extremity abnormalities on fetal MRI enables differentiation between isolated defects and complex ones, which may be related to poor fetal prognosis. MRI generally confirms the ultrasound diagnosis, and may provide additional findings in certain cases. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of law in adapting to climate change
Authors: McDonald Jan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLegal institutions and instruments will play an important role in climate change adaptation, along with technological, managerial, and behavioral strategies. Law can facilitate adaptation, using regulation to reduce exposure or sensitivity to climate hazards, establishing the legal architecture for new market mechanisms, and funding arrangements for adaptation costs and liability for climate impacts. It can also ensure the accountability of adaptation decision making and addressing some of the social justice dimensions of adaptation. Yet there are also characteristics of legal institutions, processes, and principles that may impede adaptation, including by creating compensable property rights that hinder new regulation. There are several characteristics of climate change and associated impacts that will make law‐making for adaptation uniquely challenging. These include high levels of cascading uncertainty, irreversibility, the context‐specificity of impacts, the long delay between emissions and impacts, and the interaction between climate change impacts and other environmental, social, and economic stressors. Laws dealing with substantive climate impacts may be appropriate and necessary in some cases, but the broader challenge for law‐makers is to make legal processes and instruments more adaptive and responsive to change itself.WIREs Clim Change2011 2 283–295 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.96This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Joint optimization of power allocation and relay location for regenerative relaying with multi‐antenna reception at destination
Authors: Zhang Xiao Juan , Gong Yi 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTWe consider joint power allocation (PA) and relay positioning in a dual‐hop regenerative relay system with multiple antennas equipped at the destination. With a fixed relay location, an adaptive PA strategy at the source and relay under a sum power constraint that minimizes the system outage probability is presented. With a fixed PA strategy, the optimal relay location is derived. We then propose to jointly optimize PA and relay location. It is shown that employing more destination antennas and/or choosing an appropriate relay location can significantly save the power needed at the relay. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed PA and relay positioning algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on one‐dimensionalk‐coverage problem in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Baoxian , Zheng Jun 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we study the one‐dimensional coverage problem in a wireless sensor network (WSN) and consider a network deployed along a one‐dimensional line according to a Poisson distribution. We analyze three important parameters that are related to the problem, i.e.,expected k‐coverage proportion, full k‐coverage probability, and partial k‐coverage probability, and derive mathematical models that describe the relationships between the node density in the network and these parameters. The purpose is to calculate or estimate the node density required for achieving a given coverage probability, which is useful in the deployment of a one‐dimensional network for many applications. We first analyze the expectedk‐coverage proportion, then analyze the fullk‐coverage probability fork = 1 and the lower bound to the fullk‐coverage probability fork > 1, and finally analyze the partialk‐coverage probability fork = 1 and give a brief discussion of the partialk‐coverage probability fork > 1. The mathematical models are validated through simulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism in Asian Colorectal Cancer Surgery Patients
Authors: Yang Song‐Soo , Yu Chang Sik , Yoon Yong Sik , Yoon Sang Nam , Lim Seok‐Byung , Kim Jin Cheon 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), manifesting as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), after colorectal cancer surgery in Asian patients remains poorly characterized. The present study was designed to investigate the incidence of symptomatic VTE in Korean colorectal cancer patients following surgery, and to identify the associated risk factors.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients who developed symptomatic VTE after colorectal cancer surgery between 2006 and 2008. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound or contrast venography, and PE was identified with lung ventilation/perfusion scans or chest computed tomography. Thromboprophylaxis, including low‐molecular‐weight heparin, graduated compression stockings, and intermittent pneumatic compression, was used in patients considered at high risk of VTE.ResultsOf the 3,645 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery, 31 (0.85%) developed symptomatic VTE. Of those 31 patients, 23 (74.2%) had DVT, 16 (51.6%) had PE, and 8 (25.8%) had both. Two patients died from PE. Univariate analysis showed that a history of VTE, pre‐existing cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, transfusions, postoperative immobilization time, and postoperative complications were associated with VTE (p < 0.05 for each). Multivariate analysis showed that a history of VTE, pre‐existing cardiovascular disease, postoperative complication, advanced cancer stage, and postoperative immobilization time were risk factors for developing symptomatic VTE. The mean hospital stay was 18.3 days, and the mortality rate was 6.5%.ConclusionsThe incidences of symptomatic DVT and PE were found to be not low in Asian colorectal cancer surgery patients compared with Western countries. The risk factors for VTE were a history of VTE, pre‐existing cardiovascular disease, postoperative complications, advanced cancer stage, and postoperative immobilization. Thromboprophylaxis should be strongly considered in patients with these characteristics. Large prospective randomized controlled trials should be conducted to further evaluate the risk of VTE in Asian patients, and to determine the optimal prophylaxis.
Predictive Factors of Complications After Surgical Repair of Iatrogenic Femoral Pseudoaneurysms
Authors: Piffaretti Gabriele , Mariscalco Giovanni , Tozzi Matteo , Rivolta Nicola , Castelli Patrizio , Sala Andrea 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to identify the predictive factors associated with the development of postoperative complications in patients treated with surgical repair of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysm.Materials and methodsBetween July 1992 and October 2009 we identified 92 cases of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysm treated with conventional surgery. Surgical repair was performed via a longitudinal groin incision. A primary suture was sufficient in most patients. Twenty‐nine variables were considered and included in the analyses.ResultsUrgent interventions were performed in 47 (51.1%) cases. Complications occurred in 22 (23.9%) patients. Bleeding was the most‐frequent complication (n = 12), followed by wound infection (n = 6) and atrial fibrillation (n = 3). Overall, patients differed for age only (75.6 ± 7.9 vs. 69.7 ± 10.1; p =. 013). Patients with complications required an intensive care unit stay more frequently than those without complications (36.4% vs. 11.4%; p =. 007), as well as a longer hospital stay (12.9 ± 8.4 vs. 7.7 ± 7.7 days; p =. 013). Bleeding complications were noted to be more frequent in older patients (76.2 ± 8.5 vs. 70.3 ± 9.90 years; p =. 056). Wound infections showed a higher correlation with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD: 50.0% vs. 15.1%; p =. 063).DiscussionBleeding and wound infection were the most frequent complications after surgical repair of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysm. Age and COPD were the most important predictive factors for these complications. Patients with postoperative complications required a longer postoperative hospital stay.