bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of surface change in complex topography using terrestrial laser scanning: application to the Illgraben debris‐flow channel
Authors: Schürch Peter , Densmore Alexander L. , Rosser Nicholas J. , Lim Michael , McArdell Brian W. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTDetection of surface change is a fundamental task in geomorphology. Terrestrial laser scanners are increasingly used for monitoring surface change resulting from a variety of geomorphic processes, as they allow the rapid generation of high‐resolution digital elevation models. Irrespective of instrument specifics, survey design or data processing, such data are subject to a finite level of ambiguity in position measurement, a consideration of which must be taken into account when deriving change. The propagation of errors is crucial in change detection because even very small uncertainties in elevation can produce large uncertainties in volume when extrapolated over an area of interest. In this study we propose a methodology to detect surface change and to quantify the resultant volumetric errors in areas of complex topography such as channels, where data from multiple scan stations must be combined. We find that a commonly proposed source of error – laser point elongation at low incidence angles – has a negligible effect on the quality of the final registered point cloud. Instead, ambiguities in elevation inherent to registered datasets have a strong effect on our ability to detect and measure surface change. Similarly, we find that changes in surface roughness between surveys also reduce our ability to detect change. Explicit consideration of these ambiguities, when propagated through to volume calculations, allows us to detect volume change of 87 ± 5 m3, over an area of ∼ ​4900 m2, due to passage of a debris flow down a 300 m reach of the Illgraben channel in Switzerland. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous separation and purification of flavonoids and oleuropein from Olea europaea L. (olive) leaves using macroporous resin
Authors: Li Chen , Zheng Yuanyuan , Wang Xiaofei , Feng Shilan , Di Duolong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study developed a feasible process to simultaneously separate and purify polyphenols, including flavonoids and oleuropein, from the leaves of Olea europaea L. Macroporous resins were used as the separation and purification materials. The performance and separation capabilities of eight resins (D101, DM130, HPD450, LSA‐21, LSA‐40, 07C, LSD001 and HPD600) were systematically evaluated. The contents of target polyphenols in different extracts were determined using ultraviolet (for flavonoids) and high‐performance liquid chromatographic (for oleuropein) methods. The static adsorption and desorption results showed that resin LSA‐21 had better adsorption properties among the eight resins. Influential factors such as extraction method, pH value of feeding solution, desorption solution, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm, etc. to the extraction and purification of these polyphenols were successively investigated on resin LSA‐21.RESULTS: The target flavonoids and oleuropein were selectively purified using resin LSA‐21. Compared with the contents in raw leaves, the contents of total flavonoids and oleuropein in the final purified products were increased 13.2‐fold (from 16 to 211 g kg−1) and 7.5‐fold (from 120 to 902 g kg−1) with recovery yields of 87.9% and 85.6%, respectively.CONCLUSION: This extraction and purification method could be used in the large‐scale enrichment or purification of flavonoids, oleuropein and other polyphenols from O. europaea L. leaves or other herbal materials in industrial, food processing and medical manufacture. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in the quality of jaboticaba fruit (Myriciaria jaboticaba (Vell) Berg. cv. Sabará) stored under different oxygen concentrations
Authors: Teixeira Gustavo HA , Durigan José F , Santos Leandra O , Hojo Ellen TD , Cunha Júnior Luis C 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Jaboticaba (Myriciaria jaboticaba (Vell) Berg.) is a highly perishable Brazilian berry with a shelf life of only 2 days under ambient conditions. Low temperatures and controlled atmosphere (CA) have been used to extend the shelf life of perishable fruit. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the effect of CA with varying concentrations of oxygen (1, 5, 10, 15 and 21kPa) during cold storage (12.5 °C) of ‘Sabará’ jaboticaba fruit.RESULTS: Atmospheres with lower oxygen concentrations (1 and 5 kPa O2) significantly reduced jaboticaba respiration rate. Fruit stored under these conditions had higher L* values, and titratable acidity (TA), and lower ratios of soluble solids content (SSC)/TA. However, at the lowest concentration of oxygen (1 kPa O2), firmness decreased markedly compared to fruits stored at higher O2 levels (P < 0.05). After only 2 days of storage at ambient temperature jaboticaba received a score of 1.6 (dislike strongly − 1) compared to fruit stored under CA, which scored 7.4 (like moderately − 7). After 9 days of storage, fruit from all treatments remained above the limit of acceptability (score 5) and were rated as 6.2. With respect to appearance, statistical differences between treatments were not observed. The total anthocyanin content was not affected by oxygen concentration but decreased 40.4% during CA storage.CONCLUSION: 'Sabará' jaboticaba fruit can be satisfactorily stored under atmospheres containing 5‐21 kPa O2 at 12.5 °C for up to 6 days. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of algorithms for detecting citrus canker based on hyperspectral reflectance imaging
Authors: Li Jiangbo , Rao Xiuqin , Ying Yibin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Automated discrimination of fruits with canker from other fruit with normal surface and different type of peel defects has become a helpful task to enhance the competitiveness and profitability of the citrus industry. Over the last several years, hyperspectral imaging technology has received increasing attention in the agricultural products inspection field. This paper studied the feasibility of classification of citrus canker from other peel conditions including normal surface and nine peel defects by hyperspectal imaging.RESULTS: A combination algorithm based on principal component analysis and the two‐band ratio (Q687/630) method was proposed. Since fewer wavelengths were desired in order to develop a rapid multispectral imaging system, the canker classification performance of the two‐band ratio (Q687/630) method alone was also evaluated. The proposed combination approach and two‐band ratio method alone resulted in overall classification accuracy for training set samples and test set samples of 99.5%, 84.5% and 98.2%, 82.9%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The proposed combination approach was more efficient for classifying canker against various conditions under reflectance hyperspectral imagery. However, the two‐band ratio (Q687/630) method alone also demonstrated effectiveness in discriminating citrus canker from normal fruit and other peel diseases except for copper burn and anthracnose. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Wide stopband and sharp‐rejection low‐pass filter using uniplanar double spiral resonators
Authors: Ke Lu , Wang Guang‐Ming , Yu Zhong‐Wu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel wide stopband and sharp‐rejection low‐pass filter (LPF) using the double spiral resonators and shunt stubs was presented, although the proposed structure did not introduce any defected ground patterns. It was found that the uniplanar double spiral resonator embedded in the patch of conventional microstrip line has band‐stop properties, and the frequency response can be adjusted by tuning the geometry parameters with ease. Then, four double spiral resonator units and shunt stubs were integrated to synthesize a LPF prototype with the help of full‐wave simulation tool. The proposed prototype was fabricated and tested. Subsequently, measured results indicated that the relative bandwidth of the −20 dB insert loss is ∼160%, and the sharpness is 89. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2345–2348, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26235
An equivalent circuit‐based approach to behavioral modeling of long‐term memory effects in wideband amplifiers
Authors: Crespo‐Cadenas Carlos , Reina‐Tosina Javier , Madero‐Ayora María J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA behavioral model for power amplifiers that accounts for long‐term memory effects is proposed in this article.The model structure is derived from a simplified circuit level description of thermal power feedback and a dynamic ordering of model kernels. The approach has been tested with commercial class‐A and class‐AB power amplifiers, showing an excellent accuracy in the description of nonlinear distortion associated with low‐frequency memory effects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2278–2281, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26239
Design of a tunable dual‐band loop antenna
Authors: Woo Dae Woong , Lee Dong Hyun , Ko Jae Woo , Baek Joon Hyun , Park Wee Sang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA dual‐band frequency tunable loop antenna that utilized a circuit model was introduced. An open loop antenna was selected as a prototype, which could be simply represented by an LC resonant circuit. To overcome the input mismatch in high‐frequency region, an additional π circuit was introduced. Using a chip inductor in the π circuit, the high frequency can be easily tuned without changing the low frequency. The proposed dual‐band antenna performs better than the single‐band antenna. Both the simulated and measured results agreed well. The proposed antenna was compact (0.09 λ0 × 0.09 λ0 × 0.01 λ0) and operated at two different frequencies (1.80 and 2.45 GHz). The operating bandwidth (S11 < −6 dB) was 1.7–2.7 GHz, satisfying GSM 1700/1800, WCDMA, and, WLAN. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2207–2212, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26246
Effect of air‐gap on axial ratio of low profile spiral antenna
Authors: Mehrabani Ali M. , Shafai Lotfollah 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA low‐profile offset‐fed spiral antenna over an artificial magnetic conductors (AMC) ground plane is studied in which the AMC ground plane has a two‐layer structure with an air‐gap present between the layers.The effect of such air gaps on the axial ratios of the antenna is investigated. The predicted numerical results are verified by testing a prototype sample of the proposed antenna showing a satisfactorily agreement between them. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2422–2423, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26248
C + L band extended reach amplified next generation access networks
Authors: Girão J. P. , Neto B. , Rocha A. M. , Reis C. , Dionisio R. P. , Chatzi S. , Bonada F. , Lazaro J. , Teixeira A. L. J. , André P. S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe feasibility of optical amplification solutions for extended reach next generation access networks in C + L bands is studied. Amplification schemes based on Raman fiber amplifier and their combination with remotely pumped erbium‐doped fiber amplifiers are assessed and optimized. The results concerning a ring with 80 km for rural scenario demonstrate gain equalization over a bandwidth of 50 nm. The survey was complemented with experimental results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2414–2418, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26251
Modulation instability and conservation of energy: Toward a new model
Authors: Betti Silvello , Duca Elisa , Giaconi Mauro , Parca Giorgia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article points out nonlinear propagation of a continuous wave (CW) signal with a small perturbation.Available studies in the literature define some parameters for the interaction between the CW and the perturbation but, there is no indication about the boundaries for this model to be applicable. This work aims to define the parameters for triggering modulation instability (MI) and for modeling the nonlinear propagation. Moreover, the conservation of energy is taken into account as constraint to investigate the nonlinear regime. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2411–2414, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26252
A compact tri‐band antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Wang Y.‐F. , Sun B.‐H. , K. He  , Li R.‐H. , Wang Y.‐J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel compact triple‐band antenna is presented for wireless local area network (WLAN) and WiMAX applications simultaneously. By using a via hole connecting a square ring with a vertical strip to an L‐shaped strip etching on the other side of the substrate, a tri‐band operation is obtained. Adjusting the length of the vertical strip, the L‐shaped strip, and the distance between them, the operating frequency bands can be made suitable for WLAN/WiMAX applications. The fabricated antenna has a small size of 35 mm × 35 mm. Good agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results. The measured impedance bandwidths (VSWR< 2) in 2.5, 3.5, and 5.5 GHz reach 330, 440, and 860 MHz, respectively. Moreover, the radiation patterns are almost omnidirectional in the x‐z plane and bidirectional in the y‐z plane. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2371–2375, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26254
Compact wideband bandstop filter with multiple transmission zeros based on edge‐coupled parallel line and transmission line signal interference
Authors: Velidi Vamsi Krishna , Sanyal Subrata 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this article, we demonstrate that the compact bandstop filter (BSF) configuration consisting of an edge‐coupled microstrip line connected in parallel to a transmission line section can produce multiple transmission zeros in the stopband. A lossless transmission model is used to derive the condition for two, three, or four transmission zeros. A prototype BSF at 2 GHz achieving a wide 20 dB stopband bandwidth of 92.8% with sharp rejection along with a better than 30 dB return loss in the passband is fabricated for validation purposes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2265–2268, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26258
Novel, one‐piece, metal‐plate loop‐like antenna with symmetrical structure for thin LCD TV applications in the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands
Authors: Hong Tzi‐Chieh , Su Saou‐Wen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel, one‐piece, loop‐like plate antenna that shows a symmetrical structure is proposed for wireless LCD TV applications in the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz bands. The antenna was constructed by stamping a rectangular, flat plate of size 30 mm × 70 mm and bent two times to form a 3D configuration of volume 10 mm × 10 mm × 70 mm. The design consists of a main radiating portion, one grounding portion, and one shielding wall. The radiating portion includes a symmetrical loop‐like structure and is able to generate multiple resonance. The antenna is easily affixed to the top wall of the display ground by making use of the grounding portion, and at the same time shielded from the back metal casing of the wireless thin LCD TV by the shielding wall. These arrangements make the antenna very easy to feed on both short sides and facilitate the feeding‐cable routing to the Wi‐Fi module on the back of the TV. Four possible cases of the antenna installed in a 42‐inch, widescreen LCD TV were investigated on the radiation performance. Details of the design prototypes are discussed in this article. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2232–2238, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26259
A 3.9‐dB NF, 24.5‐dB gain 0.3∼10.5‐GHZ distributed amplifier using dual‐inductive‐peaking cascade gain cell for UWB systems in 0.18‐μm CMOS
Authors: Chang Jin‐Fa , Lin Yo‐Sheng 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA high‐gain and low‐noise CMOS distributed amplifier (DA) is proposed.Flat and high S21 and flat and low NF was achieved simultaneously by using the proposed dual‐inductive‐peaking (LD and LP) cascade gain cell, which constituted a cascode‐stage with a low‐Q RLC load and two inductive‐peaking common‐source stages. At high‐gain mode, the two‐stage DA consumed 55.6 mW and achieved S21 of 24.5 ± 1.5 dB and an average NF of 3.9 dB over the frequency range of 0.3∼10.5 GHz, one of the best reported S21 and NF performances for a CMOS UWB DA in the literature. In addition, at low‐gain mode, the two‐stage DA consumed 16.3 mW and achieved flat and high S21 of 13.1 ± 1.5 dB with an average NF of 5.3 dB over the frequency range of 0.2∼10.8 GHz. The results indicate the proposed DA is suitable for variable gain amplifier or low‐noise amplifier in 3–10‐GHz UWB communication systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2228–2232, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26260
An embedded 60‐GHz planar bandpass filter in multilayer advanced thick‐film system‐in‐package technology
Authors: Samanta K. K. , Robertson I.D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe design and performance of an embedded 60‐GHz planar coupled line bandpass filter in multilayer photoimageable thick‐film system‐in‐package technology is presented. The filter is designed employing open stubs to achieve low insertion loss of 3.4 dB, a return loss of −10 dB across wideband and good selectivity. This is one of the highest performance coupled line filters yet reported at V‐band for cost‐effective thick‐film based technologies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2221–2224, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26261
Small‐sized quasi‐elliptic parallel coupled band pass filter using microstrip discontinuity corrections and multilayer‐technique
Authors: Boutejdar Ahmed , Burte Edmund P. , Omar Abbas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this article, we present a new technique to obtain a sharp symmetric response with lower losses for microstrip coupled‐line bandpass filters using the discontinuities correction method.The technique is verified by measurements and simulations. Simulated and measured results of the proposed filters are presented and show good agreements. Additionally, based on this work it will be shown that a new idea with the help of U‐resonators and multilayer‐technique may be used in the future to reduce more the size and to suppress the second harmonic in reject band of the structure. We think that the filter structure can be applied to improve the stopband and passband performances of other microwave circuits as well as other types of filters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2433–2438, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26262
New method to transform band‐pass to low‐pass filter using multilayer‐ and U‐slotted ground structure‐technique
Authors: Boutejdar Ahmed 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel compact microstrip band‐pass filter (BPF) with sharp rejection bands is proposed. The proposed filter structure is composed of U‐shaped microstrip resonators, “U‐strip,” backed by similarly shaped U‐slots “U‐slotted ground structure (U‐SGS)” also called “U‐defected ground structure (U‐DGS).” By controlling the electrical coupling between the U‐strip and the U‐DGS, the band‐pass filter's stopband is optimized for better rejection. The proposed filter has low insertion loss and compact size due to the slow‐wave effect. Meanwhile, sharp rejection bands induced by the presence of two transmission zeros on both sides of its passband are achieved. The measured center frequency, bandwidth, and passband insertion loss are 3.6 GHz, 40%, and 0.5 dB, respectively. The simulated and measured results show good agreement and validate the proposed approach. Finally a new simple method, on the basis of the elimination of the admittance inverter (gap) J, will be used to transform the band‐pass to compact low‐pass filter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2427–2433, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26263
The impact of the photodiode on the nonlinearity of microwave photonic links
Authors: Hong Jun , Yang Chun , Li Xiang‐Hua , Chong Yu‐Hua , Xu Hong‐Da 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new theory model for the nonlinearity of the commercial PIN photodiodes (PDs) is presented and verified by experiments in this article. The gain and the third‐order spurious‐free dynamic range (SFDR3) of a basic microwave photonic link have also been studied including the nonlinearity of the PD. Numerical studies indicate that the nonlinearity of PD decreases the practical microwave photonic links' performance. Compared with ideal PD links, the maximum values of signal gain and SFDR3 in practical links deteriorate by 1.7 and 3 dB, respectively, at various biased points for modulator. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2325–2327, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26268
Modified resonant frequency calculation for E‐shaped and H‐shaped microstrip patch antennas
Authors: Günel Tayfun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe genetic‐based approach to the modified resonant frequency calculation for E‐shaped and H‐shaped microstrip patch antennas is presented.Continuous parameter genetic algorithm (CPGA) has been used to modify the resonant frequency expressions of E‐shaped and H‐shaped microstrip antennas. The results obtained by CPGA for different antenna dimensions are compared with the experimental and theoretical results given in the literature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2348–2351, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26271
Radio over fiber link with adaptive order n‐QAM optical phase modulated OFDM and digital coherent detection
Authors: Arlunno Valeria , Borkowski Robert , Gonzalez Neil Guerrero , Caballero Antonio , Price Kamau , Jensen Jesper Bevensee , Zibar Darko , Larsen Knud J. , Monroy Idelfonso Tafur 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSuccessful digital coherent demodulation of asynchronous optical phase‐modulated adaptive order QAM (4, 16, and 64) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals is achieved by a single reconfigurable digital receiver after 78 km of optical deployed fiber transmission. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2245–2247, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26274
Direction finding system for automotive applications using small phased antenna array
Authors: Rabinovich Victor 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDirection finding technique for car location in large parking lots is presented.Method uses compact phased antenna array with two‐bit phase shifters. Proposed array operates as an intermediary between a car owner hand‐held unit and car electronic circuit with small omnidirectional antenna. Only one antenna array for all cars is that utilized for car finding service. Experimental results confirm math estimations and MATLAB simulation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2441–2446, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26275
Design of triple‐mode microstrip filter with source‐load coupling
Authors: Wei Chao‐Lei , Jia Bao‐Fu , Zhu Zhao‐Jun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel triple‐mode square loop microstrip filter with capacitive open stubs and source‐load coupling is proposed.The filter has three controllable transmission zeros near its passband, and exhibits sharp skirt property. The bandpass filter is fabricated and measured. Both simulated and measured results are in agreement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2403–2406, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26278