bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a precedes magnesium dechelation for protection against necrosis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Shimoda Yousuke , Ito Hisashi , Tanaka Ayumi 
Published: July 2012

SummaryChlorophyll is a deleterious molecule that generates reactive oxygen species and must be converted to non‐toxic molecules during plant senescence. The degradation pathway of chlorophyll a has been determined; however, that of chlorophyll b is poorly understood, and multiple pathways of chlorophyll b degradation have been proposed. In this study, we found that chlorophyll b is degraded by a single pathway, and elucidated the importance of this pathway in avoiding cell death. In order to determine the chlorophyll degradation pathway, we first examined the substrate specificity of 7‐hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase. 7‐hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase reduces 7‐hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a but not 7‐hydroxymethyl pheophytin a or 7‐hydroxymethyl pheophorbide a. These results indicate that the first step of chlorophyll b degradation is its conversion to 7‐hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a by chlorophyll b reductase, although chlorophyll b reductase has broad substrate specificity. In vitro experiments showed that chlorophyll b reductase converted all of the chlorophyll b in the light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex to 7‐hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a, but did not completely convert chlorophyll b in the core antenna complexes. When plants whose core antennae contained chlorophyll b were incubated in the dark, chlorophyll b was not properly degraded, and the accumulation of 7‐hydroxymethyl pheophorbide a and pheophorbide b resulted in cell death. This result indicates that chlorophyll b is not properly degraded when it exists in core antenna complexes. Based on these results, we discuss the importance of the proper degradation of chlorophyll b.
RHD zygosity assignments based on most probable genotype and hybrid Rhesus box detection in Tunisia
Authors: Kacem Narjes , Chakroun Tahar , Moussa Hajer , Abdelkefi Saïda , Houissa Betoul , Chiaroni Jacques , Jemni Yacoub Saloua 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYBackgroundDetermination of the RHD zygosity is important for genetic counselling and risk evaluation of hemolytic disease of the newborn HDN in women with D iso‐immunisation.ObjectivesWe proposed to determine the genotype frequencies of the RHD locus using a PCR‐SSP method and assignment of the most probable genotype (MPG) and analyse the concordance between the two methods.MethodsThe complete Rh phenotype and the frequencies of RH haplotypes were determined on 506 blood donors. RHD zygosity was determined by both assignment of the MPG and PCR‐SSP specific for the hybrid Rhesus box. For RH:−1 samples, analysis of the RHD exon 10 was done to detect eventual RHD aberrant alleles.ResultsAmong the 466 RH:1 samples, 54·08% were hemizygous and 45·92% homozygous by PCR‐SSP, and 64·16% hemizygous and 35·84% homozygous by the MPG. The comparison between the methods showed discordant results in 135 RH:1 samples. For the 40 RH:−1 samples, hybrid Rhesus box was detected in all samples and RHD exon 10 was detected in three samples suggesting unequivocal alleles identified as one RHDψ, one (C)ces and one weak D type 4.ConclusionThe PCR‐SSP should replace the MPG. However, studying of aberrant RHD alleles and aberrant Rhesus boxes could confirm the accuracy of this method in Tunisian population.
Assessment of rebound and relapse following ecallantide treatment for acute attacks of hereditary angioedema
Authors: Bernstein J. A. , Shea E. P. , Koester J. , Iarrobino R. , Pullman W. E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease characterized by unpredictable and recurring attacks of angioedema. This study assessed potential attack rebound and relapse following treatment with ecallantide, a plasma kallikrein inhibitor approved for HAE attack treatment.MethodsResults were integrated from 2 double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies of ecallantide treatment for HAE: EDEMA3‐DB and EDEMA4. Symptoms were assessed by treatment outcome score (TOS), mean symptom complex severity (MSCS) score, and global response. Patients with improvement at 4 h post‐dosing in all three measures followed by any sign of worsening at 24 h were considered to show potential rebound if worsening was beyond baseline or potential relapse if not beyond baseline. Likeliness of rebound or relapse was determined by the number of measures showing worsening and the magnitude of worsening. Patients receiving placebo who met the criteria for rebound/relapse were evaluated for descriptive comparison only.ResultsSignificantly more ecallantide‐treated patients (42 of 70) compared to placebo (26 of 71) showed improvement in three measures at 4 h and were thus eligible for rebound/relapse (P = 0.006). Of the nine ecallantide‐treated patients with signs of worsening at 24 h, none were likely rebound, one was assessed as possible rebound, one as likely relapse, and two as possible relapse. No patient with potential rebound/relapse experienced new symptoms after dosing. Medical intervention was required in one ecallantide‐treated patient.ConclusionEcallantide was efficacious for treating acute HAE attacks. Relapse was observed in a small proportion of patients, and there was little evidence of rebound.
CX3CL1 in allergic diseases: not just a chemotactic molecule
Authors: Julia V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAllergic asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are two allergic diseases that are primarily driven by the activation of T helper (Th)2 cells. Th2 cells produce cytokines that directly contribute to the symptoms of these diseases. The recruitment and maintenance of Th2 cells into the target tissues are two key events in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and AD. While migration is mediated by both chemokines and lipid mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins, very little is known about the molecules involved in lymphocyte survival and maintenance in inflamed tissues. However, chemokines could also play a role in this phenomenon. An example of this could be illustrated by CX3CL1, also known as fractalkine. CX3CL1 is a chemokine that is upregulated in some inflammatory diseases including allergic pathologies and that was recently demonstrated to provide a survival signal upon binding to its unique receptor CX3CR1.
Chronic rhinosinusitis: From one disease to different phenotypes
Authors: Bachert Claus , Zhang Nan , van Zele Thibaut , Gevaert Philippe 
Published: July 2012

To cite this article: Bachert C, Zhang N, van Zele T, Gevaert P. Chronic rhinosinusitis: From one disease to different phenotypes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23 (Suppl. 22): 2–4.AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has now been discovered as a frequent disease affecting about 11% of the European population. In clinical terms, CRS may be differentiated in two phenotypes, CRS with and without nasal polyps. This differentiation is also confirmed by immunohistochemical studies on the remodeling pattern of those diseases, identifying TGF‐ß as the key regulator. Further differentiation may be based on the inflammatory patterns, differentiating endotypes based on prominent T helper cell cytokines such as interleukin‐5 and the presence of IgE antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. The importance of those endotypes has been confirmed by innovative studies using humanized antibodies applied to nasal polyp disease, and by their predictive value for asthma comorbidity. Biomarkers may thus be needed to fully appreciate the CRS disease spectrum and its link to asthma.
Diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Esposito Susanna , Marchisio Paola , Tenconi Rossana , Tagliaferri Laura , Albertario Giada , Patria Maria Francesca , Principi Nicola 
Published: July 2012

To cite this article: Esposito S, Marchisio P, Tenconi R, Tagliaferri L, Albertario G, Patria MF, Principi N. Diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23 (Suppl. 22): 17–19.AbstractRhinosinusitis is almost always a complication of a viral infection involving the upper respiratory tract. A common cold is the first symptom of rhinosinusitis, but infectious processes involving the nose inevitably affect the paranasal sinuses because of their anatomical contiguity. The symptoms remain those of a common cold as long as nasal phlogosis is moderate and the ostia between the nose and sinuses are patent. If the inflammation is intense, edema may obliterate the ostia and isolate the sinuses, thus stopping the removal of the exudates. The duration of symptoms makes it possible to distinguish acute (10–30 days) from subacute (30–90 days) and chronic rhinosinusitis (>90 days). The diagnosis of rhinosinusitis should only be based on anamnestic and clinical criteria in children with serious or persistent symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, or which appear within a short time of an apparent recovery. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images of the paranasal sinuses should be reserved for children reasonably considered to be candidates for surgery. Antibiotics are recommended in cases of mild acute bacterial rhinosinusitis as a means of accelerating the resolution of symptoms. The use of antibiotics is mandatory in severe acute bacterial rhinosinusitis to cure the disease and avoid the possible onset of severe complications.
Diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Leo Gualtiero , Triulzi Fabio , Incorvaia Cristoforo 
Published: July 2012

To cite this article: Leo G, Triulzi F, Incorvaia C. Diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23 (Suppl. 22): 20–26.AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a rather common disease in children, but its symptoms are often subtle and non‐specific and this may result in overlooking a correct diagnosis. In turn, a missed diagnosis of CRS prevents a correct management to be performed and is associated with uneffective investigations and improper treatments. Actually, when CRS symptoms, which are mainly nasal congestion and obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain, cough, and halitosis, are correctly assessed, the clinical diagnosis of CRS may be achieved, and confirmation may be obtained by imaging criteria or nasal fibroendoscopy. In imaging, computed tomography (CT) is the first choice technique for the evaluation of CRS and is able to provide an anatomic road map when surgery is required. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sinuses, orbits, and brain should be performed whenever extensive or multiple complications of sinusitis are suspected. Also for middle ear disorders, CT is the first choice because it detects opacification of the middle ear cavity and mastoid cells, presence of fluids or debris, and allows the ossicular chain and the cortical bone of the mastoid to be evaluated. Another important diagnostic issue is the need to look for disorders that are frequently associated with CRS, such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), that has some recognized risk factors in adenotonsillar hypertrophy, craniofacial anomalies, obesity, and neuromuscular disorders. Other associated disorders requiring investigation are recurrent or persistent otitis media and difficult asthma.
Acoustic Features Indicate Arousal in Infant Giant Panda Vocalisations
Authors: Stoeger Angela S. , Baotic Anton , Li Desheng , Charlton Benjamin D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInfant giant pandas are highly vocal during the first few weeks	of life, producing vocalisations that are characterised by noisy, aperiodic segments. The aperiodic character of many animal vocalisations results from irregular vibratory regimes of the vocal folds, and one proposed function of this so‐called nonlinear phenomena (NLP) in animal vocalisations is to convey information about the caller's arousal state. This hypothesis was tested in the vocalisations of six hand‐reared giant panda cubs recorded during handling and feeding procedures that had been categorised into low‐ and high‐arousal contexts based on quantified motor activity. Ninety‐three per cent of the vocalisations contained NLP, including deterministic chaos and subharmonics. Vocalisations produced in the high‐arousal contexts, however, were characterised by an increase in chaos, as well as increased call duration and fundamental frequency (pitch). These results suggest that infant giant panda vocal signals have the potential to express different arousal states. Furthermore, because giant panda cubs are the smallest placental mammal offspring at birth compared with adult size, acoustically conveying arousal state to the mother might be crucial for infant survival under natural rearing conditions.
Soil‐Based Vegetation Technique to Quantify Effects of Rhizospheric Soil Osmotic and Matric Water Potentials on Crop Salt Tolerance
Authors: Schleiff U. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn saline soils, plant water supply is the most critical growth factor. To better understand water supply and growth of soil‐grown crops, research should focus on root water uptake in saline soils. Plant water supply and growth is complex. One has to consider, simultaneously, soil and plant parameters: (i) the soil physical parameters texture; pF curve; osmotic, matric and total water potential; salinity at the soil/root interface; and bulk soil salinity; and (ii) the plant parameters root mass and rooting density; root morphology; transpiration; and shoot growth. Technical devices for direct and simultaneous measurement of all parameters are not yet available. This study presents a vegetation technique (VeTe) that permits to determinate required data from continuous measurement of pot water losses and by indirect calculation. The VeTe was tested using young rape (Brassica napus, cv. Lingot) as the model plant, growing in a silty soil. Rape was selected for its efficient root system to explore soil determined growth factors. Basically, the VeTe requires two vegetation phases: a pre‐cultivation phase, and an experimental phase. The objective of the first phase is to grow young plants that are homogenous in their shoot and root development through well‐controlled water management. Varying rooting densities of soils are performed when plants are pre‐cultivated in different soil volumes. The experimental phase starts when plants are irrigated with water of different salt concentrations up to soil water contents of 30 vol.%. During the experiment, plants were grown under well‐controlled, climatic conditions, and pot water losses were measured bi‐hourly. Measurement of continuous water losses serves to calculate soil moisture contents, derive osmotic and matric heads and their impact on plant transpiration. The proposed technique provides a means for quantitatively studying the combined impacts of soil osmotic and matric stresses on water uptake by crops differing in their root morphologic traits at different rooting densities.
Fragrance of the rice grain achieved via artificial microRNA‐induced down‐regulation of OsBADH2
Authors: Chen Mingliang , Wei Xiangjin , Shao Gaoneng , Tang Shaoqing , Luo Ju , Hu Peisong 
Published: July 2012

With 6 figures and 1 tableAbstract2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2AP) is the principal compound responsible for grain fragrance in rice. In fragrant rice cultivars, BADH2 (betaine‐aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) is inactivated. Here, we describe the effect of amiRNA (artificial microRNA) transgenesis targeted at BADH2 in rice. BADH2 (but not BADH1) expression was down‐regulated in transgenic lines where the amiRNA was driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter, and in these lines, grain 2AP content was also significantly elevated; meanwhile, 2AP could not be detected in the grain of wild‐type lines. The leaf proline content in the transgenics was increased through the simultaneous down‐regulation of PRODH and up‐regulation of P5CS. In transgenic lines where the same amiRNA was driven by the endosperm‐specific promoter GluC, no effect on BADH2 expression was detectable, and the content of grain 2AP did not differ from that present in wild‐type grains.
Optimism and other psychosocial influences on antenatal depression: A systematic review
Authors: Evans Emily C. , Bullock Linda F. C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAntenatal depression is a debilitating experience for many women with significant personal and familial sequelae. Low‐income pregnant women living in rural settings are especially vulnerable because of isolation, decreased resources, and stressful living environments. This systematic review summarizes what is known about antenatal depression and synthesizes the evidence regarding the role psychosocial variables could play in the development of safe, effective, and culturally‐acceptable non‐pharmacological interventions. Searches of the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, and ERIC databases, as well as the Cochrane Library, were conducted in September 2010 to identify articles relevant to our topic of study. Psychosocial variables have a significant association with antenatal depression. Optimism has been shown to be inversely correlated with depression, and directly correlated with improved birth outcomes. Optimism is a potentially modifiable variable that could be used to design antenatal prevention and treatment programs. As depression continues to increase in prevalence, and treatment options for pregnant women remain limited, effective interventions must be developed that address the psychosocial variables examined in this review.
Out of sight, out of mind: an audit of inferior vena cava filter insertion and clinical follow up in an Australian institution and literature review
Authors: Tan X. L. , Tam C. , Mckellar R. , Nandurkar H. , Bazargan A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundInferior vena cava (IVC) filters are increasingly used to treat venous thromboembolism when there are contraindications or failure to respond to anticoagulant therapy. Retrievable filters were introduced to avoid long‐term complications and risks associated with permanent filters. However, failure to follow up patients appropriately can lead to low retrieval rates.AimsTo examine the practice of our institution in using retrievable IVC filters and to provide a review of published literature.MethodsRetrospective audit of medical records in a single medical institution.ResultsForty‐one patients had retrievable IVC filters inserted. The median age of patients was 67. The majority (78%) of patients had filters inserted for presence of venous thromboembolism and contraindication to anticoagulation. Twenty‐five (61%) patients received no clinical follow up. Factors associated with loss to follow up include a lack of documentation for retrieval plan (P < 0.01), lack of haematology outpatient clinic review (P < 0.01) and age greater than 50 years (P < 0.01). Procedural success was achieved in nine of 11 attempted filter removals. Eighteen complications were noted among patients. IVC filter insertion failed to prevent recurrent pulmonary embolisms in three patients.ConclusionsMajority of retrievable IVC filters will become lost to clinical follow up. Rates of attempted retrieval within 1 year of filter insertion are low. Loss to follow up is associated with older age, lack of documentation and lack of haematology clinic review post discharge. This study highlights the importance of a structured system to document clearly the review and retrieval plans for patients with IVC filters, at the time of initial insertion.
A study of venous thrombosis incidence in patients with acute hyperthyroidism
Authors: Kim D. D. W. , Chunilal S. , Young S. , Cutfield R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundHyperthyroidism is not a widely acknowledged risk factor for venous thrombosis (VT), such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and cerebral VT. Several case reports and case‐control studies support an association between VT and hyperthyroidism. Prothrombotic changes in the coagulation pathway in thyrotoxic subjects include reversible elevation of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor, and give biological plausibility to the association and possibly causation for VT.AimWe sought to determine the incidence of symptomatic VT in acute hyperthyroidism.MethodsA retrospective review of consecutive outpatients presenting to the endocrinology clinic at our district hospitals from January 2006 to December 2008 with acute hyperthyroidism was carried out. All occurrences of objectively proven symptomatic VT (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and cerebral vein thrombosis) in the 6 months following the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism were sought.ResultsFour hundred and twenty‐eight patients were identified, of whom most were female (80%) and relatively young (mean age 47 years). Three patients (0.70%: 95% confidence interval 0.14–2.0%) were identified with a confirmed VT within 6 months of the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.ConclusionsAlthough the literature suggests moderate association between VT and acute hyperthyroidism, our data show that the absolute risk is low. Furthermore, our data suggest that hyperthyroidism is usually an additional risk factor but rarely the sole risk factor for VT.
Research involvement, support needs, and factors affecting research participation: A survey of Mental Health Consultation Liaison Nurses
Authors: McMaster Rose , Jammali‐Blasi Asmara , Andersson‐Noorgard Kurt , Cooper Kerrie , McInnes Elizabeth 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to identify research involvement and support needs of Mental Health Consultation Liaison Nurses (MHCLN) and the factors that affect participation in research. A self‐administered, standardized, anonymous questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of MHCLN. Frequencies and univariate analyses were calculated to examine relationships between: (i) involvement in a research study by highest qualification and job designation; and (ii) current enrolment in a higher degree study, research goals, and current research involvement by level of research skill. Open‐ended responses were collated and summarized. Of the 34 workshop attendees, 32 participated in the survey (response rate 94%). Seventy‐five percent of respondents agreed that involvement in research is an expectation of their role; 75% reported no current involvement in research. Over half (53%) of participants reported having research goals over the next 12 months. Those enrolled in postgraduate degrees were more likely to be currently involved in a research project (P = 0.013). Commonly reported barriers to research participation were competing commitments and lack of support, resources, confidence, and motivation. This study showed that access to research support and resources, including mentorship and funding, are required to engage these MHCLN in research and to build capacity.