bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient viscoelastic multiscale model for investigation on the cure‐induced microscopic residual stresses of composite laminates
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Huanyu , Cao Xi , Wu Xiaojun , Zhang Junfeng , Yan Long 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe cure‐induced residual stresses have a significant influence on the deformation and mechanical properties of composites. Moreover, the cure‐induced residual stresses exhibit multi‐level and multiscale distributions due to the complexity of micro‐structure of composites and anisotropic characteristics. In this paper, a computationally efficient multiscale procedure is proposed to predict the microscopic residual stresses induced by cure temperature, cure shrinkage and macroscopic residual stresses, which is based to the linear viscoelastic theory combined with the micro‐mechanics method. The instantaneous microscopic residual stresses are expressed as a linear combination of the instantaneous temperature increment, degree of cure increment and macroscopic strain increment at all times of the cure process until to the current time. The proposed method is verified in comparison with the published results in literature and the microscale FEA at different length scales, respectively. The results show that the proposed method is about a thousand times faster than directly using FEA in the microscale RVE model once the influence coefficient matrices are determined. At length, the microscale stresses of all nodes of the entire macroscale model are examined by using the proposed method. It is found that the thermal‐chemical‐mechanical loads lead to serious microscopic stresses for the matrix and interphase constituents, especially for those due to the macroscopic residual stresses.Highlights
Microscale residual stress is written as a linear combination of macroscale loads.
Applying macroscale loads on microscale FEA model to obtain influence matrices.
The presented model avoids repeatedly FEA microscopic to improve the efficiency.
The online time required for the proposed model is much less than microscale FEA.
The microscale stress increases the risk of matrix cracking and interface bonding.
Odor awareness modulates the association between perceived stress and chemosensory anhedonia in women
Authors: Hu Qian , Tuluhong Muyesaier , Han Pengfei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic stress alters reward sensitivity and contributes to anhedonia. Chemosensation is dominated by a hedonic dimension, but little is known about the association between chronic perceived stress and hedonic chemosensation in non‐clinical populations. In the current study, 325 participants (201 females) completed a questionnaire‐based survey measuring their chronic perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale; PSS), chemosensory pleasure (Chemosensory Pleasure Scale; CPS), and olfactory metacognitive abilities (odor awareness, affective impact of odor, importance of olfaction). For females, higher PSS scores significantly predicted lower CPS scores, which is mediated by the positive odor awareness. Moreover, negative odor awareness was identified as a moderator underlying the relationship between PSS and CPS scores in females  but not in males. For females, higher PSS predicted lower CPS for those with lower, but not for those with higher levels of negative odor awareness. These results show that the link between chronic perceived stress and chemosensory anhedonia is pronounced in females, with olfactory perception playing a key role. The current study provides insights into the understanding of stress‐related anhedonia and into the development of effective treatments.
Waste mask supported PES membranes for efficient separation of oil/water emulsion
Authors: Huang Jiaxun , Tang Jianhao , Zhang Jing , Yang Lin , Zhang Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, waste masks were modified by coating them with polyethersulfone (PES) to prepare a hydrophilic and oleophobic membrane for oil/water emulsion separation. Optimal performance was achieved when the PES concentration in the waste masks was 17 wt%. The water flux of the modified membrane reached 8131 L/(m2·h·bar), with an oil/water emulsion separation efficiency of 98.8% for a 1‰ concentration. The maximum tensile force was measured as 0.8 N. Even after two cleaning cycles, the modified membrane retained an oil retention rate of over 80%. This technology not only enables the resource utilization of waste masks but also offers potential for modifying industrial melt‐blown nonwoven fabrics.Highlights
The WM/PES membrane exhibits high mechanical properties and high roughness.
The WM/PES membrane exhibits superior oil/water emulsion separation performance and contamination resistance compared with PES membranes.
The WM/PES membrane exhibits significantly higher water and oil/water emulsion flux compared with PES membranes.
Solid‐state extrusion of nascent disentangled ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Christakopoulos Fotis , Busato Stephan P. , Kong Xiang , Troisi Enrico , Friederichs Nic , Tervoort Theo A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUltra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) stands out as the preferred material across a wide spectrum of demanding applications, thanks to its remarkable mechanical, chemical and physical attributes. Nevertheless, processing UHMWPE can be an arduous and time‐consuming endeavor. Traditional melt‐processing techniques, commonly employed for polymers, prove impractical due to the exceedingly high viscosity of the melt that follows from the highly entangled macromolecular chains. Several methods are known to lower the entanglement density of UHMWPE, such as crystallization from a semidilute solution or direct polymerization, resulting in a less interconnected polymer structure. Unfortunately, even with low‐entangled UHMWPE, melt processing remains unviable because of the rapid re‐entanglement of polymer chains upon melting. However, these low‐entangled UHMWPE materials can still be effectively processed in the solid state, a technique employed in the production of high‐performance UHMWPE fibers and tapes, currently the only two feasible geometries. This research reports the development of a solid‐state extrusion method for nascent low‐entangled powder, centering on manipulating the surface energy of the interior wall materials within the extruder and die. Ordinary steel dies proved ineffective for solid‐state extrusion, as they generated excessive friction between the die and UHMWPE, resulting in a rapidly escalating extrusion pressure. However, utilizing dies constructed from temperature‐resistant polymers allowed for extrusion at a consistent pressure without the need for lubricating agents. We demonstrate the practicality of the developed solid‐state extrusion method by fabricating UHMWPE monofilaments and tubes, showcasing its potential in expanding the range of producible UHMWPE geometries. Additionally, a first evaluation of the influence of processing conditions and the entanglement density of the reactor powder used on extrudability, and the properties of the resulting components is presented.Highlights
A process for the solid‐state extrusion of UHMWPE is developed.
UHMWPE processing with higher design flexibility than current industrial standards.
UHMWPE processing with higher throughput than current industrial standards.
Contrary to previous techniques no lubricating agent or co‐extrudate is used.
Multifidus atrophy and/or dysfunction following lumbar radiofrequency ablation: A systematic review
Authors: Tieppo Francio Vinicius , Glicksman Michael , Leavitt Logan , Gill Benjamin , Shah Anuj , Westerhaus Benjamin D. , Lam Christopher M. , D'Souza Ryan S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLumbar medial branch nerve radiofrequency ablation (LRFA) is an interventional procedure used to treat chronic lumbar facet joint pain. Because the medial branch nerves also innervate the multifidus muscle, it has been proposed that LRFA may pose a risk of multifidus atrophy and/or dysfunction. However, the quality and level of evidence to answer this clinical question have not been established. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically appraise the literature to discern whether the prevailing evidence substantiates the hypothesis in question.MethodsA systematic review compliant with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines was performed to evaluate the quality and level of evidence of studies reporting functional and/or structural changes in the multifidus muscle following LRFA.ResultsOnly five cohort studies met inclusion criteria. Two studies assessed changes in multifidus function following LRFA with confirmed denervation at electromyography and significant reduction in multifidus shear modulus with ultrasound shear wave elastography. Of the four studies that evaluated changes in multifidus structure with magnetic resonance imaging following LRFA, two demonstrated a decrease in cross‐sectional area or an increase in fat infiltration, one demonstrated no change, and one revealed an apparent increase. Given the destructive nature attributed to LRFA, some degree of multifidus atrophy and/or dysfunction may be plausible, albeit with a very low certainty that relies on a restricted body of literature of modest quality and with a presence of high bias.ConclusionThere is a paucity of studies discussing the potential association between LRFA and multifidus atrophy and/or dysfunction. In light of the shortage of high‐quality studies and the absence of standardized protocols to assess both changes in the structure and function of the multifidus subsequent to LRFA, there is a pressing need for more prospective studies with a high methodological rigor to comprehensively address and answer this enduring debate in clinical practice.
Integral reinforcement learning‐based optimal tracking control for uncertain nonlinear systems under input constraint and specified performance constraints
Authors: Chang Ru , Liu Zhi‐Meng , Li Xiao‐Bin , Sun Chang‐Yin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the optimal tracking control problem with prescribed performance for uncertain nonlinear systems subject to input constraint and unknown disturbances. First, a fixed‐time monotonic convergence function is introduced to restrain tracking error, and a nonlinear mapping technique is employed to transform the constrained error into an unconstrained variable, then the fixed‐time output tracking issue is boiled down to the boundedness problem of the transformed variable. With the aid of a nonquadratic cost function, the input constraint is encoded into the optimization problem. To solve the unknown disturbances, an auxiliary system and an auxiliary disturbance policy are constructed, and the optimal control problem is formulated as a two‐player zero‐sum game. Moreover, a Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation associated with this nonquadratic zero‐sum game is established to give the optimal control and the worst‐case disturbance policy solution. Subsequently, to avoid using knowledge of the system dynamics, three neural network approximators, namely, actor, critic, and disturbance, which are tuned online and simultaneously for approximating the solution of HJI, are constructed based on the integral reinforcement learning algorithm. Theoretical analysis shows that the reconstructed error system states and the weight estimation errors are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the simulation study further tests the availability of the proposed control strategy.
Atomic Molybdenum Nanomaterials for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Chen Jianmei , Guo Shanlu , Wang Longlu , Liu Shujuan , Wang Hao , Zhao Qiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a sustainable energy technology, electrocatalytic energy conversion requires electrocatalysts, which greatly motivates the exploitation of high‐performance electrocatalysts based on nonprecious metals. Molybdenum‐based nanomaterials have demonstrated promise as electrocatalysts because of their unique physiochemical and electronic properties. Among them, atomic Mo catalysts, also called Mo‐based single‐atom catalysts (Mo‐SACs), have the most accessible active sites and tunable microenvironments and are thrivingly explored in various electrochemical conversion reactions. A timely review of such rapidly developing topics is necessary to provide guidance for further exploration of optimized Mo‐SACs toward electrochemical energy technologies. In this review, recent advances in the synthetic strategies for Mo‐SACs are highlighted, focusing on the microenvironment engineering of Mo atoms. Then, the representative achievements of their applications in various electrocatalytic reactions involving the N2, H2O, and CO2 cycles are summarized by combining experimental and computational results. Finally, prospects for the future development of Mo‐SACs in electrocatalysis are provided and the key challenges that require further investigation and optimization are highlighted.
A Difluoro‐Methoxylated Ending‐Group Asymmetric Small Molecule Acceptor Lead Efficient Binary Organic Photovoltaic Blend
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Zou Bosen , Ma Ruijie , Yao Jia , Li Chunliang , Luo Zhenghui , Xie Bomin , Qammar Memoona , Dela Peña Top Archie , Li Mingjie , Wu Jiaying , Yang Chuluo , Fan Qunping , Ma Wei , Li Gang , Yan He 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeveloping a new end group for synthesizing asymmetric small molecule acceptors (SMAs) is crucial for achieving high‐performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, an asymmetric small molecule acceptor, BTP‐BO‐4FO, featuring a new difluoro‐methoxylated end‐group is reported. Compared to its symmetric counterpart L8‐BO, BTP‐BO‐4FO exhibits an upshifted energy level, larger dipole moment, and more sequential crystallinity. By adopting two representative and widely available solvent additives (1‐chloronaphthalene (CN) and 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO)), the device based on PM6:BTP‐BO‐4FO (CN) photovoltaic blend demonstrates a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.62% with an excellent open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.933 V, which surpasses the optimal result of L8‐BO. The PCE of 18.62% realizes the best efficiencies for binary OPVs based on SMAs with asymmetric end groups. A series of investigations reveal that optimized PM6:BTP‐BO‐4FO film demonstrates similar molecular packing motif and fibrillar phase distribution as PM6:L8‐BO (DIO) does, resulting in comparable recombination dynamics, thus, similar fill factor. Besides, it is found PM6:BTP‐BO‐4FO possesses more efficient charge generation, which yields better VOC–JSC balance. This study provides a new ending group that enables a cutting‐edge efficiency in asymmetric SMA‐based OPVs, enriching the material library and shed light on further design ideas.
The important role of distortion recognition in student advocacy leadership development
Authors: Yamanaka Aoi , Hassell‐Goodman Sharrell , Athanasiou Janet , Arminio Jan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThough promoting student advocacy has become an essential part of leadership education, few studies explore development of advocacy in leadership education. This article offers how distortions, an aspect of a Black feminist reframing of dissonance, is related to existing leadership education literature. It then introduces students’ voices demonstrating the importance of the realization of distortions in student advocacy development and links distortions with how power communicates and upholds systemic oppression. Finally, we offer practical recommendations based on a case scenario that utilize Black feminist perspectives of dissonance in refining student advocacy leadership education. Such insight prompts more effective strategies in student advocate development.
Creative Application of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authors: Urmeneta Alex , Romero Margarida 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chapter commences by presenting the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of education. It aims to provide an overview of the AI environment in education, highlighting the importance of a nuanced comprehension of its effects, ethical implications, and potential to stimulate innovative teaching methods. The chapter explores the historical background of technological interventions in education and takes a critical approach to examining the potential benefits and drawbacks of AI. It also considers the sociocultural and creative aspects of using AI in education. AI has typically focused on imitating human intelligence. Within the realm of human abilities, we recognise various degrees of creative involvement in AI in education, which demonstrates its capacity to revolutionise learning experiences. At the most advanced stages of creative involvement, we explore the possibilities for collaboration between human intelligence and AI, suggesting a viewpoint of human–AI co-creativity. The chapter also outlines the book's structure, which consists of three main sections: the creative engagement approach, real examples in K-12 education, and advances and prospects in higher education. The different chapters envision not only the acculturation and education of AI, but also the potential of human–AI collaboration to support learners in expressing their unique talents and developing expansive, AI-supported learning initiatives.
Digital Acculturation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Durampart Michel , Bonfils Philippe , Romero Margarida 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines AI integration in education, concentrating on acculturation, as a broad movement of appropriating digital tools. The chapter emphasises principals’ involvement in supporting AI potential in schools and the complex interplay between digital technology and education. The chapter describes teachers’ transition from personal to educational digital use across three phases of digital acculturation. It emphasises professional development by highlighting problems and motivations. The last part of the chapter discusses digital acculturation in AI and education, including medical expertise, vocational training, and special education. It finishes by analysing educational platform organisational changes and AI's ability to change learning dynamics and interfaces, raising new considerations about global education systems.
Learning from the Ground Up: Community Energy Stories from Malawi
Authors: Kadziponye Arnold , Sailence John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is a need to engage directly with community energy managers and operators to co-produce knowledge directly relevant to the challenges they face. In this challenge, two operators of community energy in Malawi relate their experiences on the ground, making community energy projects possible. This chapter presents two accounts of the making of community energy in Malawi, as told by the protagonists of those stories.The first experience, written by Arnold Kadziponye, reports the story of the Mulanje Electricity Generation Agency Ltd (MEGA), in the Mulanje Massif in the south of Malawi (65 km from Blantyre). Arnold’s story shows how concerns with conservation foster the development of an electrification project. Now covering over 2000 households and expanding rapidly, the biggest lessons of Arnold’s stories relate to the engagement with the community and the need to moderate unrealistic expectations.The second story presents the Chipopoma Power Project in Manchewe, Livingstonia, in the North of Malawi, and it is reported in the form of an interview with John Sailence, that in 2023 served 120 households. A project assembled with heterogeneous technologies and resources—including learning to build a turbine—demonstrates the potential to harness and develop the knowledge skills within the community.
Conclusion
Authors: Castán Broto Vanesa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter reviews the lessons from previous chapters, aiming to develop a synthetic perspective on the contribution of community energy to accelerating the transition to sustainable energy and to incorporate justice considerations into such transition. The chapter argues that community energy is a means to build strong foundations for a transition to sustainable energy, challenging the epistemic injustices embedded in current energy systems. It also argues for engaging in the practice of commoning energy as a means to address and generate action to respond to the energy justice dilemmas raised by the transition.
Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in Community Energy: An Intersectional Perspective
Authors: Castán Broto Vanesa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGender has long been a central topic for discussion in relation to energy provision and energy access, but it becomes particularly prominent when considering community energy and transitions to sustainable energy. Gender relations continue to shape infrastructure networks. There is a gender gap in the energy transition both in terms of women and gender non-conforming people being able to access the green labour market, and in terms of understanding how gender relations are at the root of energy injustices. This chapter engages with feminist theory and asks what does an intersectional perspective mean for community energy. In particular, the chapter argues that an intersectional perspective enables a radical rethinking of the technological, political, social, and institutional dimensions of the energy transition.
Probing the CP structure of the top quark Yukawa at the future muon collider
Authors: Cassidy Morgan E. , Dong Zhongtian , Kong Kyoungchul , Lewis Ian M. , Zhang Yanzhe , Zheng Ya-Juan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the top-Higgs coupling with a CP violating phase ξ at a future multi-TeV muon collider. We focus on processes that are directly sensitive to the top quark Yukawa coupling: $$ t\overline{t}h $$
t

t
¯

h
, tbhμν, and $$ t\overline{t} h\nu \overline{\nu} $$
t

t
¯

hν

ν
¯

with $$ h\to b\overline{b} $$
h
→
b

b
¯

and semileptonic top decays. At different energies, different processes dominate the cross section, providing complementary information. At and above an energy of $$ \mathcal{O}(10) $$
O

10

TeV, vector boson fusion processes dominate. As we show, in the Standard Model there is destructive interference in the vector boson fusion processes $$ t\overline{t} h\nu \overline{\nu} $$
t

t
¯

hν

ν
¯

and tbhμν between the top quark Yukawa and Higgs-gauge boson couplings. A CP-violating phase changes this interference, and the cross section measurement is very sensitive to the size of the CP-violating angle. Although we find that the cross sections are measured to $$ \mathcal{O}\left(50\%\right) $$
O

50
%

statistical uncertainty at 1σ, a 10 and 30 TeV muon collider can bound the CP-violating angle |ξ| ≲ 9.0° and |ξ| ≲ 5.4°, respectively. However, cross section measurements are insensitive to the sign of the CP-violating angle. To determine that the coupling is truly CP violating, observables sensitive to CP-violation must be measured. We find in the $$ t\overline{t}h $$
t

t
¯

h
process the azimuthal angle between the $$ t+\overline{t} $$
t
+

t
¯

plane and the initial state muon+Higgs plane shows good discrimination for ξ = ±0.1π. For the tbhμν and $$ t\overline{t} h\nu \overline{\nu} $$
t

t
¯

hν

ν
¯

processes, the operator proportional to $$ \left({\overrightarrow{p}}_{\mu}\times {\overrightarrow{p}}_h\right) $$

p
→

μ

×

p
→

h

· $$ {\overrightarrow{p}}_t $$

p
→

t

is sensitive to the sign of CP phase ξ. From these observables, we construct asymmetry parameters that show good distinction between different values and signs of the CP violating angle.