bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptions and Paradoxes of Sets
Authors: ANTONELLI G. ALDO 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the way different axiom systems for set theory can be justified by appeal to such intuitions as limitation of size, predicativity, stratification, etc. While none of the different conceptions historically resulting from the impetus to provide a solution to the paradoxes turns out to rest on an intuition providing an unshakeable foundation,'each supplies a picture of the set-theoretic universe that is both useful and internally well motivated. The same is true of more recently proposed axiom systems for non-well-founded universes, and an attempt is made to motivate such axiom systems on the basis of an old and respected ‘algebraic’ intuition.
Finite Mathematics and the Justification of the Axiom of Choice
Authors: MIRAGLIA PIERLUIGI 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
I discuss a difficulty concerning the justification of the Axiom of Choice in terms of such informal notions such as that of iterative set. A recent attempt to solve the difficulty is by S. Lavine, who claims in his Understanding the Infinite that the axioms of set theory receive intuitive justification from their being self-evidently true in Fin(ZFC), a finite counterpart of set theory. I argue that Lavine's explanatory attempt fails when it comes to AC: in this respect Fin(ZFC) is no better off than the iterative notion.
Antioxidant and trypsin inhibition activity of dioscorin influenced by yam cultivars and eluent pH
Authors: Kao Wen‐Tzu , Chang Chen‐Tien , Lin Kuo‐Wei 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe total antioxidant activity (TAA) and trypsin inhibition activity (TIA) of storage protein dioscorin from six yam cultivars (Dashan, Hualien No. 3, Keelung, Mingchien, Tainong No. 2, and Japanese yam) were demonstrated. Japanese yam had the highest TAA and the lowest calculated EC50 at any purification stage. Following gel permeation, dioscorins purified from Hualien No. 3 and Japanese yam showed the highest TIA and lowest calculated IC50. Dioscorin with higher TIA apparently possesses better TAA. The pIs of dioscorin from all yam species were in the range of 5.94–4.33 indicating acidic protein in nature. Results from isoelectric focusing chromatography showed regardless of species higher TIA for dioscorin eluted at lower pH.
Cellular aspects of the distinct M protein and SfbI anchoring pathways in Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Raz Assaf , Talay Susanne R. , Fischetti Vincent A. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryWall‐anchored surface proteins are critical for the in vivo survival of Streptococcus pyogenes. Cues in the signal sequence direct the membrane translocation of surface proteins: M protein to the septum, and SfbI to the poles. Both proteins are subsequently anchored to the wall by the membrane bound enzyme sortase A. However, the cellular features of these pathways are not fully understood. Here we show that M protein and SfbI are anchored simultaneously throughout the cell cycle. M protein is rapidly anchored at the septum, and in part of the cell cycle, is anchored simultaneously at the mother and daughter septa. Conversely, SfbI accumulates gradually on peripheral peptidoglycan, resulting in a polar distribution. Sortase is not required for translocation of M protein or SfbI at their respective locations. Methicillin‐induced unbalanced peptidoglycan synthesis diminishes surface M protein but not SfbI. Furthermore, overexpression of the division regulator DivIVA also diminishes surface M protein but increases SfbI. These results demonstrate a close connection between the regulation of cell division and protein anchoring. Better understanding of the spatial regulation of surface anchoring may lead to the identification of novel targets for the development of anti‐infective agents, given the importance of surface molecules for pathogenesis.
Hydroxyurea‐induced dermatomyositis: true amyopathic dermatomyositis or dermatomyositis‐like eruption?
Authors: Nofal Ahmad , El‐Din Eman Salah 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground  Hydroxyurea‐induced dermatomyositis is a rare adverse reaction of long‐term hydroxyurea therapy. It has been reported under different names; however, the exact classification and nomenclature of this eruption have been the subject of much debate, and a more precise term is still awaiting. Herein, we review the different aspects of this reaction and suggest a new term that might help to minimize the confusion about its nomenclature.Materials and methods  We describe a 68‐year‐old woman who had been on long‐term hydroxyurea therapy for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia for nine years. She presented with typical dermatomyositis‐like lesions and many of the other mucocutaneous adverse effects of hydroxyurea.Results  Skin examination revealed typical Gottron’s papules on the dorsa of the hands, atrophy, xerosis, acquired ichthyosis, photosensitivity, cutaneous, oral and nail hyperpigmentation, acral erythema, palmoplantar keratoderma, actinic keratoses, and leg ulcers. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of proximal muscle weakness. Cessation of hydroxyurea was associated with remarkable improvement of the skin lesions.Conclusion  Hydroxyurea‐induced dermatomyositis is a rare drug‐induced dermatomyositis characterized by skin lesions identical to classic dermatomyositis without clinical or laboratory evidence of myositis. We propose that the term hydroxyurea‐induced amyopathic dermatomyositis that adequately describes the findings reported in this subset of patients would be more precise and specific.
Association of µ‐opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene polymorphism with response to naltrexone in alcohol dependence: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chamorro Antonio‐Javier , Marcos Miguel , Mirón‐Canelo José‐Antonio , Pastor Isabel , González‐Sarmiento Rogelio , Laso Francisco‐Javier 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have suggested that the effect of naltrexone in patients with alcohol dependence may be moderated by genetic factors. In particular, the possession of the G allele of the A118G polymorphism of the µ‐opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) has been associated with a better response to naltrexone, although controversial results have been reported. The aim of this paper is to combine previous findings by means of a systematic review and a meta‐analysis. We retrieved studies on the relationship between A118G polymorphism in OPRM1 gene and response to treatment with naltrexone in patients with alcohol dependence by means of electronic database search. A meta‐analysis was conducted using a random‐effects model. Calculations of odds ratio (OR) and their confidence intervals (CI) and tests for heterogeneity of the results have been performed. Six previous studies have analyzed the role of A118G polymorphism in response to naltrexone for alcohol dependence. After meta‐analysis, we found that naltrexone‐treated patients carrying the G allele had lower relapse rates than those who were homozygous for the A allele (OR: 2.02, 95% CI 1.26–3.22; P = 0.003). There were no differences in abstinence rates. Our results support the fact that the G allele of A118G polymorphism of OPRM1 moderates the effect of naltrexone in patients with alcohol dependence. This genetic marker may therefore identify a subgroup of individuals more likely to respond to this treatment.
Monozygotic twins discordant for intermittent allergic rhinitis differ in mRNA and protein levels
Authors: Sjogren A.‐K. M. , Barrenas F. , Muraro A. , Gustafsson M. , Sætrom P. , Wang H. , Benson M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMonozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for complex diseases may help to find disease mechanisms that are not due to genetic variants. Intermittent allergic rhinitis (IAR) is an optimal disease model because it occurs at defined time points each year, owing to known external antigens. We hypothesized that MZ twins discordant for IAR could help to find gene expression differences that are not dependent on genetic variants. We collected blood outside of the season from MZ twins discordant for IAR, challenged their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with pollen allergen in vitro, collected supernatants and isolated CD4+ T cells. We identified disease‐relevant mRNAs and proteins that differed between the discordant MZ twins. By contrast, no differences in microRNA expression were found. Our results indicate that MZ twins discordant for IAR is an optimal model to identify disease mechanisms that are not due to genetic variants.
Synthesis of multiple Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides is post‐transcriptionally regulated
Authors: Ma Luyan , Wang Juan , Wang Shiwei , Anderson Erin M. , Lam Joseph S. , Parsek Matthew R. , Wozniak Daniel J. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryExopolysaccharide is a critical biofilm matrix component, yet little is known about how the synthesis of multiple exopolysaccharides is regulated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can produce several biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides that include alginate, Psl and Pel. Here we demonstrated that AlgC, a key enzyme that provides sugar precursors for the synthesis of alginate and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is also required for both Psl and Pel production. We showed that forced‐synthesis of Psl in alginate‐producing mucoid bacteria reduced alginate production but this was not due to transcription of the alginate biosynthesis‐operon. Likewise, when either alginate or Psl were overproduced, levels of B‐band LPS decreased. Induction of Pel resulted in a reduction of Psl levels. Because the effects of reduced exopolysaccharide synthesis when another is overproduced didn't appear to be regulated at the transcriptional level, this suggests that the biosynthesis pathways of Psl, Pel, alginate, and LPS compete for common sugar precursors. As AlgC is the only enzyme that provides precursors for each of these exopolysaccharides, we propose that AlgC is a key checkpoint enzyme that coordinates the total amount of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis by controlling sugar precursor pool. Our data also provide a plausible strategy that P. aeruginosa utilizes to modulate its biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides.
Does Ownership Structure Matter for Firm Technological Innovation Performance? The Case of Korean Firms
Authors: Choi Suk Bong , Park Byung Il , Hong Paul 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTManuscript Type:EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue:This study examines the influence of firms' ownership structure on their technological innovation performance. First, we have examined whether ownership concentration positively influences technological innovation performance. Then we have investigated the primary reasons for the results derived from the first stage of our analysis by circumstantially exploring the impacts of four different ownership types.Research Findings/Insights:Using five sets of cross‐sectional data, consisting of 301 Korean firms, we found that ownership concentration does not have a significant effect on firm technological innovation performance. However, some ownership types (e.g., institutional and foreign) do have a positive effect.Theoretical/Academic Implications:Drawing on agency theory and the resource dependence perspective, our paper is the first to consider a comprehensive treatment of the effect of ownership types on innovation in an emerging country, in particular in contrast to previous studies that have focused on advanced economies. Since only partial predictions suggested by agency and resource dependence perspectives were supported, it appears that neither theory adequately captures the ownership‐technological innovation performance relationship. Thus, we suggest that future research should explore the question through a different theoretical lens to better understand the impact of ownership types. We suggest that transaction cost economics can be another path to approach the phenomenon.Practitioner/Policy Implications:This study suggests that managers should recognize how each characteristic of ownership structure (types) influences the building of firm‐specific capabilities for innovation. Policy makers and managers should be aware of the impact of the complete range of ownership types on technological innovation performance when they implement corporate governance reform with greater effectiveness. It also suggests that successful technological catch‐up and innovation not only require policies for upgrading technology capabilities, but also the setting up of a suitable supporting ownership structure that favors innovation of firms in emerging countries. We suggest that successful technological catch‐up and innovation require a supporting ownership structure.
In vivo Stratum Corneum Over‐hydration and Water Diffusion Coefficient Measurements Using Opto‐Thermal Radiometry and TEWL Instruments
Authors: Xiao P. , Wong W. , Cottenden A. M. , Imhof R. E. 
Published: April 2012

SynopsisSkin over‐hydration is a common problem that affects many people who wear incontinence pads or diapers. The aim of this study is to develop a new method for stratum corneum (SC) over‐hydration and SC water diffusion coefficient measurements using opto‐thermal transient emission radiometry (OTTER) and evaporimetry. With OTTER, we can measure the SC surface hydration and hydration gradient. With evaporimetry, we can measure the time‐dependent evaporative drying curves of water vapour flux density (WVFD). The combination of hydration results and WVFD results can yield information on the SC water diffusion coefficient and how it depends on the SC surface hydration level. The results show that SC water diffusion coefficient is non‐linearly proportional to the SC surface hydration level. The results also show strong correlations between evaporative drying flux measured using the Evaporimeter and surface hydration estimated from OTTER measurements.
The factor structure of ADHD in a general population of primary school children
Authors: Ullebø Anne Karin , Breivik Kyrre , Gillberg Christopher , Lundervold Astri J. , Posserud Maj‐Britt 
Published: April 2012

Objective:  To examine whether a bifactor model with a general ADHD factor and domain specific factors of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity was supported in a large general population sample of children. We also explored the utility of forming subscales based on the domain‐specific factors.Methods:  Child mental health questionnaires were completed by both teachers and parents of all children in grades 2–4 in Bergen, Norway. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the ADHD items of a modified version of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire–IV (SNAP‐IV) for 6,237 children.Results:  The bifactor model showed very good model fit with a strong general ADHD factor and specific factors for impulsivity and inattention. The subfactors, especially hyperactivity, generated from the SNAP‐IV ADHD items conveyed little unique variance in the model.Conclusions:  The findings in this general population sample with a strong general ADHD factor in the bifactor model supports the view on ADHD as a unitary concept with specific domain factors for inattention and impulsivity, but not for hyperactivity. The bifactor model questions the utility of constructing ADHD subscales by the use of a simple sum score when using the SNAP‐IV.
Safety and tolerability of theta‐burst transcranial magnetic stimulation in children
Authors: WU STEVE W , SHAHANA NASRIN , HUDDLESTON DAVID A , LEWIS AMANDA N , GILBERT DONALD L 
Published: April 2012

Aim  Theta‐burst stimulation (TBS) is a lower intensity, high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation technique developed recently for quantifying and modulating cerebral cortical function. Nearly all published studies have involved adults. The aim of this study was to obtain safety data as a basis for evaluating potential risks versus benefits of TBS research in children.Method  Forty participants under 18 years: 16 with Tourette syndrome (five females, 11 males; mean age 12y, SD 2y 10mo) and 24 typically developing children (12 females, 12 males; mean age 12y 11mo, SD 2y 10mo) underwent intermittent or continuous TBS over the left motor cortex. Open questions, a structured 16‐question review of systems, and visual analog mood scale (VAMS) were administered before and after TBS. A Wilcoxon signed‐rank sum test was used to analyze differences in VAMS scores before and after TBS.Results  There were no serious adverse events. Five of the 40 children reported mild, self‐limited adverse events: a subjective sensation of finger twitching (n=1), neck stiffness (n=1), and mild headache (n=3). The total adverse event rate was 11.6%. There was no significant change in VAMS score in either group after one session of TBS.Interpretation  A single session of TBS in children appears to be safe and well tolerated.
Clinico‐pathological impact of fibroplasia in melanocytic nevi: a critical revision of 209 cases
Authors: Cesinaro Anna Maria 
Published: April 2012

Fibroplasia is a peculiar stromal reaction at the base of melanocytic lesions, particularly observed in so‐called dysplastic nevi. This study evaluates a series of clinico‐pathological features in nevi with fibroplasia, their frequence in comparison to usual nevi, and the association of fibroplasia with the risk for the development of melanoma. A total of 209 consecutive nevi showing fibroplasia, belonging to 203 patients, was reviewed. Nevi with fibroplasia were more frequent in men, about half of the lesions belonged to patients aged 11–40 years, and the highest number (52%) were located on the posterior trunk. Lesions 6 mm or greater were 152 (72.73%). Junctional and compound nevi were 52 (24.8%), and 157 (75.2%), respectively. Inflammatory infiltrate was present in 67.8% of cases, melanophages in 56.4%, a lentiginous pattern in 31.1%, focal pagetoid infiltration in three lesions. Nevi with fibroplasia constituted 4.27% of all junctional and compound nevi diagnosed in the same period. A total of 23 patients (11.3%) had a personal history of melanoma. The total number of nevi excised from the 203 patients ranged between 1 and 21, and significantly correlated with the patient's personal history of melanoma (p < 0.001). Fibroplasia is relatively infrequent in melanocytic nevi, it does not appear related to a process of senescence of the lesion, and does not represent a particularly strong predictor of risk of melanoma.
Effects of Residence Time and Reaction Conditions on the Deposition of SiC from Methyltrichlorosilane and Hydrogen
Authors: Lu Cuiying , Cheng Laifei , Zhao Chunnian , Zhang Litong , Ye Fang 
Published: April 2012

The overall growth kinetics of silicon carbide films deposited from the mixture of methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) and hydrogen were determined by a magnetic suspension microbalance. The results show that three regions are distinguishable in the studied temperature range. In low temperatures (<1000°C), the deposition process is controlled by surface chemical reaction mechanism. The deposition rate has a weak dependence on temperature, and the activation energy is 188 kJ/mol. In mediate temperatures (1100°–1300°C), the deposition rate rapidly increases with increasing temperature, and the activation energy is 100 kJ/mol. The transition temperature of the above two deposition mechanisms lies in 1000°–1100°C. The complex relation between the deposition rate and total pressure can be explained by these two reaction mechanisms, depending on the competition between the residence time and concentrations of precursors. Both the flow rate and the distance into the chemical vapor deposition reactor strongly influence the reactivity. Longer residence time and larger distance of the substrate in reactor lead to decreasing deposition rate, mainly due to the reactant depletion on the wall, decomposition of MTS as well as the concentration of HCl.
Starch Characteristics of Transgenic Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Overexpressing the Dx5 High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit are Substantially Equivalent to Those in Nonmodified Wheat
Authors: Beckles Diane M. , Tananuwong Kanitha , Shoemaker Charles F. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  The effects of engineering higher levels of the High Molecular Weight Glutenin Dx5 subunit on starch characteristics in transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain were evaluated. This is important because of the interrelationship between starch and protein accumulation in grain, the strong biotechnological interest in modulating Dx5 levels and the increasing likelihood that transgenic wheat will be commercialized in the U.S. Unintended effects of Dx5 overexpression on starch could affect wheat marketability and therefore should be examined. Two controls with native levels of Dx5 were used: (i) the nontransformed Bobwhite cultivar, and (ii) a transgenic line (Bar‐D) expressing a herbicide resistant (bar) gene, and they were compared with 2 transgenic lines (Dx5G and Dx5J) containing bar and additional copies of Dx5. There were few changes between Bar‐D and Dx5G compared to Bobwhite. However, Dx5J, the line with the highest Dx5 protein (×3.5) accumulated 140% more hexose, 25% less starch and the starch had a higher frequency of longer amylopectin chains. These differences were not of sufficient magnitude to influence starch functionality, because granule morphology, crystallinity, amylose‐to‐amylopectin ratio, and the enthalpy of starch gelatinization and the amylose–lipid complex melting were similar to the control (P > 0.05). This overall similarity was borne out by Partial Least Squares‐Discriminant Function Analysis, which could not distinguish among genotypes. Collectively our data imply that higher Dx5 can affect starch accumulation and some aspects of starch molecular structure but that the starches of the Dx5 transgenic wheat lines are substantially equivalent to the controls.Practical Application:  Transgenic manipulation of biochemical pathways is an effective way to enhance food sensory quality, but it can also lead to unintended effects. These spurious changes are a concern to Government Regulatory Agencies and to those Industries that market the product. In this study we examined if making “specific” changes to the composition of gluten proteins in wheat seeds would simultaneously alter starch, as their synthesis is interrelated and the molecular structure of both determine f lour functionality. This information may be used to address issues of “substantial equivalence” and to inform Industrial End‐Users of possible changes in product performance.
Potential Role of Native Pickling Cucumber Polygalacturonase in Softening of Fresh Pack Pickles
Authors: Cho Mi Jin , Buescher Ron W. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  This study examined the potential involvement of polygalacturonase (PG) in commercial pickling cucumbers on gradual softening of refrigerated and pasteurized fresh pack pickle products that adversely affects their market‐life. PG activity was detected in all sources of commercial pickling cucumbers and refrigerated pickle spears, and activity was detected in some sources of pasteurized spears. Polygalacturonic acid hydrolysis determined from changes in fluidity, reducing groups and oligogalacturonides indicated involvement of both exo‐ and endo‐PG. Treatment of pasteurized pickle mesocarp tissues with concentrated extracts from pickling cucumbers resulted in rapid softening and alteration of pectic substances. D‐values for thermal inactivation of pickling cucumber PG at 75, 80, 85, and 90 °C were 22.0, 19.5, 14.5, and 4.2 min, respectively, indicating that residual activity would be expected in commercially pasteurized pickle products. It is concluded that residual cucumber PG could be responsible for softening of processed pickle products, and it is suspected that variations in textural quality of given products are caused by differences in residual types and levels of native PG.Practical Application:  Since enzyme extracts from commercial pickling cucumbers were demonstrated to be capable of softening pickle tissues and that PG activity was present in some processed fresh pack products, methods that inactivate or eliminate the enzyme(s) should reduce softening of products during storage and marketing.