bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in a rat model of cancer cachexia
Authors: Tschirner Anika , von Haehling Stephan , Palus Sandra , Doehner Wolfram , Anker Stefan D. , Springer Jochen 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundCancer cachexia is characterized by loss of both adipose and skeletal muscle tissue and by an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a bile acid used for centuries in the treatment of liver disease, is known to confer anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects as well as beneficial effects on mitochondrial integrity and cell signaling. We hypothesized that UDCA ameliorates the wasting process in the Yoshida hepatoma tumor model. In addition, we sought to establish if UDCA exerts beneficial effects on survival in this model.Methods and resultsForty‐seven male rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with 108 Yoshida hepatoma AH‐130 cells and treated with placebo or one of two different doses of UDCA, 25 or 100 mg/kg daily. Body weight, body composition, and activity indicators were measured over the course of study up to day 16. UDCA treatment had no effect on tumor growth, loss of body weight, and loss of fat mass. Compared with placebo, low‐dose UDCA improved tissue loss in the lung (p = 0.022) and tended to reduce tissue loss in brown adipocytes (p = 0.06), gastrocnemius muscle (p = 0.06), extensor digitorum longus muscle (p = 0.09), and soleus muscle (p = 0.07). Compared with placebo, high‐dose UDCA tended to reduce the loss of lean body mass (p = 0.06), lung tissue (p = 0.1), white adipose tissue (p = 0.11), and gastrocnemius muscle (p = 0.11). The activity and food intake were not altered in tumor‐bearing rats by either dose of UDCA. Both doses tended to decrease the mortality rate in tumor‐bearing rats, (hazard ratio (HR), 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17–1.04; p = 0.061 for low‐dose UDCA; HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.18–1.05; p = 0.065 for high‐dose UDCA).ConclusionUDCA treatment in the Yoshida hepatoma model showed a trend towards attenuation of tissue loss in animals with progressive weight loss in cancer cachexia. Tumor growth and activity indicators were not altered. Both doses of UDCA tended to reduce the mortality rates in tumor‐bearing animals. Larger studies with longer follow‐up are required to verify these findings.
Rückkehr zur Arbeit nach Leistungen zur medizinischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Buschmann-Steinhage Rolf , Zollmann Pia 
Published: October 2011

Einleitung
Die Deutsche Rentenversicherung ist einer der größten Träger für Leistungen zur medizinischen und beruflichen Rehabilitation. Diese Leistungen werden mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, eine möglichst dauerhafte (Wieder-)Eingliederung in das Berufsleben zu erreichen. Für Rehabilitanden mit einer abgeschlossenen medizinischen Rehabilitation in 2007 kann anhand von Routinedaten gezeigt werden, dass 81% innerhalb von zwei Jahren eine Beschäftigung aufnehmen mit einer Dauer von durchschnittlich 20 Monaten.
Evidenzbasierung der medizinischen Rehabilitation (in Deutschland)
Authors: Mittag Oskar 
Published: October 2011

EinleitungEvidenzbasierung in der Medizin meint den gewissenhaften, ausdrücklichen und vernünftigen Gebrauch der besten verfügbaren wissenschaftlichen Evidenz für Entscheidungen in der Versorgung individueller Patienten (Sackett et al., 1996). Die Güte der Evidenz wird dabei hierarchisch in verschiedene Klassen eingeteilt. Die bestmögliche Evidenz leitet sich aus Metaanalysen mit mehreren randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien ab. Zum Nachweis der (generellen) Wirksamkeit einer Behandlungsmaßnahme sind randomisierte Studien mit unbehandelten Kontrollgruppen (RCTs) unverzichtbar. Das gilt auch für die Rehabilitation. Genau diese höchstrangige Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit und den Nutzen der medizinischen Rehabilitation aber fehlt in Deutschland fast ganz.
Life, DNA and the model
Authors: BUD ROBERT 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper argues that the 1953 double-helix solution to the problem of DNA structure was understood, at the time, as a blow within a fiercely fought dispute over the material nature of life. The paper examines the debates, between those for whom life was a purely material phenomenon and religious people for whom it had a spiritual significance, that were waged from the aftermath of the First World War to the 1960s. It looks at the developing arguments of early promoters of molecular biology, including J.D. Bernal, his pupil Max Perutz and his pupil Francis Crick, on the one side, and of the so-called ‘Inkling’ cluster of writers including C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien, on the other. This debate was conducted through polemical works, journalism, and science fiction and through the Festival of Britain and can be followed through the commentary of Jacob Bronowski. The paper concludes with the model of the double helix now at the Science Museum, which can be considered an archaeological relic of a battle in a war which is still being fought.
The politics of participation: Francis Galton's Anthropometric Laboratory and the making of civic selves
Authors: LUNDGREN FRANS 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHistorians have given much attention to museums and exhibitions as sites for the production and communication of knowledge in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. But few studies have analysed how the activity and participation of visitors was designed and promoted at such locations. Using Francis Galton's Anthropometric Laboratory at the International Health Exhibition in London 1884 as the empirical focal point, this paper explores a new mode of involving exhibition audiences in the late nineteenth century. Its particular form of address is characterized by an ambition to transform the visitors' self-understanding by engaging them with various techniques of scientific observation and representation of social issues. By analysing the didactics of this particular project, I argue that the observational ideal of ‘mechanical objectivity’ and associated modes of representation in this instance became an integrated part of a political vision of self-observation and self-reformation. Thus the exhibit and related projects by Galton not only underpinned a theoretical lesson, but also were part of an effort to extend a complex set of practices among the general public.
The lipid-lowering effect of dietary proanthocyanidins in rats involves both chylomicron-rich and VLDL-rich fractions
Authors: Quesada Helena , Díaz Sabina , Pajuelo David , Fernández-Iglesias Anabel , Garcia-Vallvé Santiago , Pujadas Gerard , Salvadó M. Josepa , Arola Lluis , Bladé Cinta 
Published: October 2011

Proanthocyanidins have been shown to improve postprandial hypertriacylglycerolaemia. The present study aims to determine the actual contribution of chylomicrons (CM) and VLDL in the hypotriacylglycerolaemic action of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in the postprandial state and to characterise the mechanisms by which the GSPE treatment reduces TAG-rich lipoproteins in vivo. A plasma lipid tolerance test was performed on rats fasted for 14 h and orally loaded with lard containing either GSPE or not. GSPE (250 mg/kg body weight) markedly blocked the increase in plasma TAG induced by lard, with a statistically significant reduction of 22 % in the area under the curve. The VLDL-rich fraction was the major contributor (72 %) after 1 h, whereas the CM-rich fraction was the major contributor (85 %) after 3 h. At 5 and 7 h after treatment, CM-rich and VLDL-rich fractions showed a similar influence. Plasma post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and LPL mRNA levels in white adipose tissue and muscle were not affected by GSPE. On the contrary, GSPE treatment significantly repressed (30 %) the secretion of VLDL-TAG. In the liver, GSPE treatment induced different effects on the expression of acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 1, Apoc3 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase at 1 h and Cd36 at 5 h, compared to those induced by lard. Furthermore, GSPE treatment significantly increased the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a at 1 h. In conclusion, both CM-rich and VLDL-rich fractions contributed to the hypotriacylglycerolaemic action of GSPE, but their influence depended on time. GSPE induces hypotriacylglycerolaemic actions by repressing lipoprotein secretion and not by increasing LPL activity.
Early mental health morbidity and later smoking at age 17 years
Authors: Zubrick S. R. , Lawrence D. , Mitrou F. , Christensen D. , Taylor C. L. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundWe examined the relationship between the onset and pattern of childhood mental health disorders and subsequent current smoking status at age 17 years.MethodData were from a prospective cohort study of 2868 births of which 1064 supplied information about their current smoking at 17 years of age. The association between the onset and pattern of clinically significant mental health disorders in the child and subsequent smoking at age 17 years was estimated via multivariable logistic regression.ResultsRelative to 17 year olds who never had an externalizing disorder, 17-year-olds who had an externalizing disorder at age 5, 8 or 14 years were, respectively, 2.0 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–3.25], 1.9 (95% CI 1.00–3.65) or 3.9 times (95% CI 1.73–8.72) more likely to be a current smoker. Children with an ongoing pattern of externalizing disorder were 3.0 times (95% CI 1.89–4.84) more likely to be smokers at the age of 17 years and those whose mothers reported daily consumption of 6–10 cigarettes at 18 weeks' gestation were 2.5 times (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.26–4.83) more likely to report smoking at 17 years of age. Associations with early anxiety and depression in the child were not found.ConclusionsCurrent smoking in 17-year-olds may be underpinned by early emergent, and then, ongoing, externalizing disorder that commenced as young as age 5 years as well as exposure to early prenatal maternal smoking. The associations documented in adults and adolescents that link tobacco smoking and mental health are likely to be in play at these early points in development.
Spacelike hypersurfaces of constant higher order mean curvature in generalized Robertson–Walker spacetimes
Authors: ALÍAS LUIS J. , IMPERA DEBORA , RIGOLI MARCO 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this paper we analyse the problem of uniqueness for spacelike hypersurfaces with constant higher order mean curvature in generalized Robertson–Walker spacetimes. We consider first the case of compact spacelike hypersurfaces, completing some previous results given in [2]. We next extend these results to the complete noncompact case. In that case, our approach is based on the use of a generalized version of the Omori–Yau maximum principle for trace type differential operators, recently given by the authors in [3].
Increased Depression and Readmission Risk in Patients with New-Onset Angina after the Sichuan Earthquake
Authors: Kai-sen Huang , Qi Wu , Ping Liu , Ding-xiu He , Shu-yin Wen , You-gen Zhou , Fang-ming Zhou , Ying-de Kang , Xiao-jian Deng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Earthquake exposure has been associated with adverse consequences for coronary heart disease. However, the natural history and prognostic significance of earthquake-related, new-onset angina have not been characterized.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between episodes of depressive symptoms and one-year prognosis after the first admission to the hospital among adults with new-onset angina before and after the Sichuan earthquake.Methods: One hundred forty-one first hospitalized patients with new-onset angina before and after the Sichuan earthquake underwent psychological assessments during their first admission to the hospital following the earthquake. Patients were followed for 12 months to determine survival status. The independent relationships between baseline variables and readmission risk after the earthquake were examined. Baseline somatic and psychosocial variables were collected with the aid of standard, validated questionnaires.Results: The proportion of patients with moderate/severe depression symptom in the earthquake-related group is higher than among their counterparts (23.7% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.026). Patients with new-onset angina after the Sichuan earthquake had a higher risk of readmission (22.4% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.041) and longer total hospitalization (average of 13.4 ±6.8 vs. 10.7 ±5.5 days, p = 0.015). The risks for readmission was associated with moderate/severe depression (adjusted hazard ratio, 9.18 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.09–27.23, p = 0.0000]) and low ejection fraction (adjusted hazard ratio, 6.66 [95%CI = 2.131–20.781, p = 0.001]).Conclusions: Among patients diagnosed with new-onset angina, those with first episode after the Sichuan earthquake generated more moderate/severe depressive symptoms and had a higher risk for readmission and longer hospital stay. Depressive symptoms upon admission and low ejection fractions were significant predictors of 12-month risk for readmission, which indicates that antidepressants should be prescribed.
Spatial variability overwhelms seasonal patterns in bacterioplankton communities across a river to ocean gradient
Authors: Fortunato Caroline S , Herfort Lydie , Zuber Peter , Baptista Antonio M , Crump Byron C 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Few studies of microbial biogeography address variability across both multiple habitats and multiple seasons. Here we examine the spatial and temporal variability of bacterioplankton community composition of the Columbia River coastal margin using 16S amplicon pyrosequencing of 300 water samples collected in 2007 and 2008. Communities separated into seven groups (ANOSIM, P&lt;0.001): river, estuary, plume, epipelagic, mesopelagic, shelf bottom (depth&lt;350 m) and slope bottom (depth&gt;850 m). The ordination of these samples was correlated with salinity (ρ=−0.83) and depth (ρ=−0.62). Temporal patterns were obscured by spatial variability among the coastal environments, and could only be detected within individual groups. Thus, structuring environmental factors (for example, salinity, depth) dominate over seasonal changes in determining community composition. Seasonal variability was detected across an annual cycle in the river, estuary and plume where communities separated into two groups, early year (April–July) and late year (August–Nov), demonstrating annual reassembly of communities over time. Determining both the spatial and temporal variability of bacterioplankton communities provides a framework for modeling these communities across environmental gradients from river to deep ocean.
Diagnostic Medical Radiation in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Huang Jeannie S. , Tobin Allison , Harvey Lee , Nelson Thomas R. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:Certain diagnostic radiology procedures may expose patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to radiation and increase the risk for cancer. In the present study, we quantify the acute and cumulative effective dose of diagnostic radiation received by a cohort of pediatric patients with IBD.Patients and Methods:Patients with IBD were identified from the medical records of a pediatric tertiary care center. The number and type of radiology procedures for each patient were determined from medical record review. Cumulative effective radiation dose was calculated using radiation effective dose estimates.Results:One hundred five patients with IBD underwent radiation‐associated abdominopelvic diagnostic radiology procedures with an average cumulative radiation exposure dose of 15 (18) [mean (SD)] mSv. Forty‐two percent of the patients were exposed to acute radiation doses ≥10 mSv, and 6 patients (6%) were exposed to levels of cumulative radiation exposure ≥50 mSv, which has been associated with an increased risk of cancer development. Patients with Crohn disease, an increased number of hospital admissions, and a history of surgery were more likely to have been exposed to higher levels of cumulative radiation than their clinical counterparts.Conclusions:A majority of patients with IBD are exposed to radiation from typical diagnostic radiology procedures. Radiation‐sparing procedures should be strongly considered in certain pediatric patients with IBD to reduce their risk for cancer given an already present increased lifetime malignancy potential.
Alcohol brand appearances in US popular music
Authors: Primack Brian A. , Nuzzo Erin , Rice Kristen R. , Sargent James D. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAims  The average US adolescent is exposed to 34 references to alcohol in popular music daily. Although brand recognition is an independent, potent risk factor for alcohol outcomes among adolescents, alcohol brand appearances in popular music have not been assessed systematically. We aimed to determine the prevalence of and contextual elements associated with alcohol brand appearances in US popular music.Design  Qualitative content analysis.Setting  We used Billboard Magazine to identify songs to which US adolescents were most exposed in 2005–07. For each of the 793 songs, two trained coders analyzed independently the lyrics of each song for references to alcohol and alcohol brand appearances. Subsequent in‐depth assessments utilized Atlas.ti to determine contextual factors associated with each of the alcohol brand appearances.Measurements  Our final code book contained 27 relevant codes representing six categories: alcohol types, consequences, emotional states, activities, status and objects.Findings  Average inter‐rater reliability was high (κ = 0.80), and all differences were easily adjudicated. Of the 793 songs in our sample, 169 (21.3%) referred explicitly to alcohol, and of those, 41 (24.3%) contained an alcohol brand appearance. Consequences associated with alcohol were more often positive than negative (41.5% versus 17.1%, P < 0.001). Alcohol brand appearances were associated commonly with wealth (63.4%), sex (58.5%), luxury objects (51.2%), partying (48.8%), other drugs (43.9%) and vehicles (39.0%).Conclusions  One in five songs sampled from US popular music had explicit references to alcohol, and one‐quarter of these mentioned a specific alcohol brand. These alcohol brand appearances are associated commonly with a luxury life‐style characterized by wealth, sex, partying and other drugs.
The efficacy of tailored interventions for self‐management outcomes of type 2 diabetes, hypertension or heart disease: a systematic review
Authors: Radhakrishnan Kavita 
Published: October 2011

radhakrishnan k. (2012) The efficacy of tailored interventions for self‐management outcomes of type 2 diabetes, hypertension or heart disease: a systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(3), 496–510.AbstractAim.  To evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of tailored interventions on self‐management behaviours in individuals with heart disease, hypertension or type 2 diabetes.Background.  Tailored interventions are designed for individuals based on their unique characteristics, related to the outcome of interest, and derived from an individual assessment. Recognizing the differences between individuals and delivering interventions tailored to the individual could increase the likelihood of sustained self‐management of long‐term conditions.Review methods.  A review of randomized controlled trials published between 2001 and 2010 was undertaken using the following databases: Pubmed, WOS, CINAHL, ERIC, ASP, PsychInfo and SSA. The search terms included tailored intervention(s), and self‐management of chronic diseases included in the aim. Reference lists from relevant articles were also examined for additional references.Results.  Ten studies were included in the review. Tailored interventions had no impact on self‐management activities such as medication adherence, self‐monitoring, exercise, smoking, or diet control. However, tailored interventions were modestly successful in improving specific self‐management behaviours of dietary fat intake, levels of physical activity or screening. Studies included in the review generally suffered from compromised methodological issues of inadequately powered sample size, non‐blinding of data collection or intervention delivery and inadequate reporting of the randomization process.Conclusion.  When cost and resource utilization is taken into consideration, tailored interventions may not be more effective than standard interventions in improving self‐management behaviours in individuals with long‐term conditions. Future research should explore the effect of robust and resource‐optimized tailored interventions on self‐management outcomes for long‐term conditions with high‐quality trials.
Morphometrical Variations of the Carpal Bones in Thoroughbreds and Ponies
Authors: Abdunnabi A. H. , Ahmed Y. A. , Philip C. J. , Davies H. M. S. 
Published: October 2011

With 5 figures and 3 tablesSummaryThere is scant morphological data for equine carpal bones despite the frequent pathology in Thoroughbreds (TB). This study aimed to identify morphological and morphometrical variations and similarities in carpal bones between and within TB and Ponies (Po). Carpal bones from nine TB and 13 Po were prepared by boiling and drying. Lateromedial width, dorsopalmar depth, proximodistal height, relative density and volume of each bone were measured. Normalized measurements of the radial (Cr) and third (C3) carpal bones were significantly different in all dimensions, and there were significant variations in relative sizes of articular facets of the ulnar (Cu), C3 and fourth (C4) carpal bones between the groups. Bilaterally, the proportionate volume of the intermediate carpal bone (Ci) was significantly greater in Po while that of Cu and C4 were significantly greater in TB. Relative density of most bones was greater in Po. The palmar tuberosity of the proximal surface of Ci and palmar tubercle on the palmar surface of Cu were more prominent and relatively larger in TB. In the second carpal bone (C2), the distal extent of the proximal articular surface on the palmar surface was greater in Po. The inconsistent first carpal bone (C1) was relatively larger in Po. Morphometrical similarities and differences in carpal bones between TB and Po indicate potential effects of selection for body size or fast exercise.
Ontogeny of the stomach in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): detection and quantifictation of pepsinogen and H+/K+‐ATPase gene expression
Authors: Gao C. , Yang R. B. , Hu W. B. , Wang J. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryYellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is an important commercial species with high aquaculture potential in China. To better understand the process of digestive functioning of gastric gland development during the larval from 1 dph (day post‐hatching) to 30 dph, real‐time PCR was used to detect and quantify the pepsinogen and H+/K+‐ATPase gene expression in P. fulvidraco. These data were also compared with the adult situation. The results showed that the expression of pepsinogen and H+/K+‐ATPase genes in P. fulvidraco larvae both started at 1 dph, though the expression level was very low until 3 dph. The quantification of pepsinogen gene expression increased significantly from 4 to 8 dph, increased fluctuantly from 8 to 23 dph and rose sharply from 23 to 30 dph. In comparison with adult fish, there were no significant differences with larvae at 5 and 23 dph. However, data of 10 and 30 dph larvae were obviously higher than those of adult group. H+/K+‐ATPase gene expression increased linearly from 1 to 30 dph. However, it was significantly lower than that of adult. The results show that P. fulvidraco larvae have an earlier functional stomach, though the function of the stomach is still not perfect. There is a gradual acidification environment within the stomach during the P. fulvidraco larvae development. Based on these results, we suggest that the weaning time for P. fulvidraco larvae would be much better after 23 dph.