bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histochemical Study of Dentin in Hydrocortisone- and Fluoride-Treated Rats
Authors: Bernick S. , Zipkin I. , Menczel J. 
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA STUDIO HISTOCHIMIC DE DENTINA IN RATIOS TRACTATE CON HYDROCORTISONA E FLUORURO.—Rattos feminin esseva tractate con 5 mg de hydrocortisona e/o fluor in un concentration de 75 partes per million. Sectiones histologic de dentina incisal ab omne le gruppos experimental esseva tincturate per varie methodos histochimic pro determinar le influentia de hydrocortisona e/o fluoruro super le calcification de dentina. Le dentina tractate con hydrocortisona e etiam illo tractate con fluoruro se tincturava un rubio forte con P.A.S. e exhibiva un abundantia de material a positivitate blau alcian que esseva marcatemente metachromatic in natura. Iste reactiones tincturatori pare indicar un alteration in le substantia de fundo, un situation que produceva un interferentia in le calcification de dentina.
Carbonate Apatites from Aqueous and Non-aqueous Media Studied by ESR, IR, and X-ray Diffraction: Effect of NH4+ Ions on Crystallographic Parameters
Authors: Doi Y. , Moriwaki Y. , Aoba T. , Okazaki M. , Takahashi J. , Joshin K. 
Published: November 2010

Carbonate-containing apatites prepared from aqueous and non-aqueous media were investigated by ESR, IR, and X-ray diffraction. A typical asymmetric signal at g=2.0, which many workers have observed in irradiated calcified tissues, is interpreted in terms of CO3-3 and CO-2 and the trapped electron center. The CO3-3 and CO- 2 ions originated from the carbonate which substitutes for the phosphate ion in the apatite crystalline structure. From the comparison of the data between the carbonate apatites prepared under the presence of Na + and NH4+ ions, it is suggested that NH 4+ ions contribute to the crystallographic parameters, either by substituting in the structure or by suppressing the CO3 incorporation into the structure, or by both. The production of the C02 radical ion could be accounted for based on the concept of hydrogen bond between the oxygen atom of CO2-3 and the hydrogen atom of NH4 +.
A High-copper Amalgam Evaluated after Three Years in City and Country Practices
Authors: Smales R.J. , Gerke D.C. 
Published: November 2010

The objective of the study was to compare the condition of Sybraloy restorations placed by the same operator in two different practice locations. Evaluations of the restorations were based on assessments for marginal fracture and staining, and for surface discoloration and roughness. Sybraloy restorations placed in a city practice were more satisfactory than those placed in a country practice. Surface discoloration proved to be unsatisfactory, especially in the country practice, but could be removed with light polishing.
Characterization of Plasminogen Activators in Unstimulated and Stimulated Human Whole Saliva
Authors: Sindet-Pedersen S. , Gram J. , Jespersen J. 
Published: November 2010

The fibrinolytic activity of saliva from healthy males was studied on plasminogen-free and plasminogen-rich fibrin plates. A cell-bound plasminogen activator in human unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva was demonstrated. The assessed fibrinolytic activities could always be quenched by incorporation into the fibrin plates of IgG antibodies raised against human two-chain tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA), while additional experiments indicated the absence in normal human saliva of urokinase-like and factor XII-dependent plasminogen activators as well as the absence of inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Thus, t-PA is the only type of plasminogen activator in normal human saliva. The present findings seem to support our recent clinical observations of a decrease in the incidence of bleeding complications and need for replacement therapy in hemophiliacs undergoing oral surgery during local antifibrinolytic therapy with tranexamic acid. Whether the findings might also be of importance in other pathological conditions of the oral cavity, such as impaired wound healing, remains to be elucidated.
Stress Distribution in Metal-Ceramic Crowns with a Facial Porcelain Margin
Authors: Anusavice K.J. , Hojjatie B. 
Published: November 2010

The use of metal-ceramic restorations with porcelain butt-joint facial margins has increased in the past several years. Although these crowns exhibit improved esthetics compared with metal-ceramic crowns which display a metal gingival collar or metal knife-edge margin, the effectiveness of this design in resisting intra-oral forces is not known. The objective of this study was to analyze the stress distribution induced by simulated intra-oral loads on crowns with variable coping configurations. The copings, with a thickness of either 0. 1 or 0.3 mm, were modeled with a facial termination of metal at three locations: at the gingival floor, 0.9 mm above the gingival floor, and 4.2 mm above the gingival floor. The coping and crown dimensions were based on a prepared maxillary central incisor with a facial shoulder and a lingual chamfer. Both Ni-Cr and Au-Pd alloy copings were employed in the crown models. Finite element stress analyses were performed on crowns which were subjected to several loading conditions. A cement film thickness of 0.030 mm was assumed. For all cases, the stresses which developed in porcelain and cement near the facial and lingual margins due to a vertical load of 200 N were predominately compressive in nature. For the crowns with Ni-Cr copings, the tensile stress in porcelain ranged from 11.0 MPa (for crowns with a facial metal thickness of 0.3 mm) to 12.5 MPa (for a metal thickness of 0.1 mm). The corresponding stresses for crowns with Au-Pd alloy copings were 8.3 MPa and 8.6 MPa, respectively. Maximum compressive stresses in cement near the lingual margin were 22.3 MPa for the Ni-Cr crowns and 30.0 MPa for the Au-Pd crowns. The maximum tensile stress in porcelain was 29.0 MPa and occurred near the area of loading for the Au-Pd case. The maximum tensile stress in the facial porcelain region (8.3 MPa) developed within the incisal third of the facial surface. Under the conditions assumed in this study, the alloy type, coping thickness, and coping termination point have a negligibly small effect on the stresses induced in porcelain or cement near the facial margin.
Wear of Composite Resin Restorations in Primary versus Permanent Molar Teeth
Authors: Wendell J.J. , Vann W.F. 
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the wear rates of posterior composite resin restorations in primary versus permanent teeth. Based on theories of composite wear in primary molars, as well as on empirical observations, we hypothesized that wear would be greater in permanent tooth restorations. In Part I of the study, quantitative wear data from four different clinical trials (three permanent tooth studies and one primary tooth study) were compared. The same posterior composite restorative material was investigated in each of the four studies. In Part II of the study, quantitative wear data were drawn from a single clinical trial wherein the same experimental posterior composite material was placed in primary and permanent molars in the same children. In Part II, the baseline sample size included posterior composite restorations placed in 92 primary and 95 permanent molars in all children (ages 7-10). Quantitative wear data were obtained by the cast assessment method at baseline, six, 12, and 24 months. The 24-month sample size was based on 48 available primary molar restorations and 89 permanent molar restorations. The loss of primary restorations was due almost exclusively to natural exfoliations. Findings in Part I revealed no significant difference in the wear of primary versus permanent molar restorations. In Part II, wear findings for primary molar versus permanent teeth, respectively, were as follows (in micrometers): 47 versus 49 at six months; 86 versus 80 at 12 months; and 133 versus 131 at 24 months. With a Wilcoxon two-sample test and an alpha level of 0.05, there were no significant differences at any recall for the wear rate of primary versus permanent restorations. These results differ sharply from findings reported by others.
Influence of Tempering and Contraction Mismatch on Crack Development in Ceramic Surfaces
Authors: Anusavice K.J. , Dehoff P.H. , Hojjatie B. , Gray A. 
Published: November 2010

Tempering of glass produces a state of compressive stress in surface regions which can enhance the resistance to crack initiation and growth. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of tempering on the sizes of surface cracks induced within the tempered surfaces of opaque porcelain-body porcelain discs, with contraction coefficient differences (αO- αB) of +3.2, +0.7, 0.0, -0.9, and -1.5 ppm/°C. We fired the discs to the maturing temperature (982°C) of body porcelain and then subjected them to three cooling procedures: slow cooling in a furnace (SC), fast cooling in air (FC), and tempering (T) by blasting the body porcelain surface with compressed air for 90 s. We used body porcelain discs as the thermally compatible (Δα = 0) control specimens. We measured the diameters of cracks induced by a microhardness indenter at an applied load of 4.9 N at 80 points along diametral lines within the surface of body porcelain. The mean values of the crack diameters varied from 75.9 μm (Δα = -1.5 ppm/°C) to 103.3 μm (Δα = + 3.2 ppm/C). The results of ANOVA indicate that significant differences in crack dimensions were controlled by cooling rate, contraction mismatch, and their combined effect (p<0.0001). Multiple contrast analysis (Tukey's HSD Test) revealed significantly lower (p < 0. 05) crack sizes for tempered specimens compared with those of fast-cooled and slow-cooled specimens. Compared with fast cooling, tempering reduced the mean crack diameter by 14.3 μm (13. 8%) for Δα = +3.2 ppm/°C, 20.5 μm (20.2%) for Δα = +0.7 ppml°C, 26.6 μm (26.3%) for Δα = 0, 16.9 μm (19.4%) for Δα = -0.9 ppm/°C, and 15.9 μm (17.3%) for Δα = - 1.5 ppm/°C. These results suggest that physical tempering can reduce the sizes of surface cracks (produced in feldspathic ceramics), which are associated with both positive and negative differences in contraction coefficients of the ceramic layers.
Localization of Chromogranins, Non-neuron-specific Enolase, and Different Forms of Somatostatins in the Submandibular Salivary Glands of Mice
Authors: Letić-Gavrilović A. , Abe K. 
Published: November 2010

The localizations of chromogranins A, B, and C, neuron-specific enolase (NSE, γγ-type) and non-NSE (αα-type), and different forms of somatostatins were immunocytochemically identified. The localizations were compared with those of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) of male mice at five to six weeks of age, with use of a variety of antibodies and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and avidin-biotin complex (ABC) detection methods. In the SMG of male mice, the major chromogranin present was chromogranin A, whereas chromogranins B and C were not detected at these ages by either method. Chromogranin Alike immunoreactivity was located in the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the SMG, whereas non-NSE immunoreactivity was observed throughout the duct system and in some acinar-associated cells. NSE was not detected in any part of the SMG. The distribution of chromogranin A and somatostatins in the GCT cells was similar to that of EGF and NGF. Our results strongly suggest that chromogranin A and somatostatins, but not chromogranin B or C, may be useful as a means of differentiation of the cells in the duct system of the SMG responsible for the production of biologically-active factors.
Effects of Ascorbic Acid Depletion and Supplementation on Periodontal Health and Subgingival Microflora in Humans
Authors: Leggott P.J. , Robertson P.B. , Jacob R.A. , Zambon J.J. , Walsh M. , Armitage G.C. 
Published: November 2010

This study describes the relationship between varying ascorbate intake, periodontal status, and subgingival microflora as part of a multidisciplinary investigation of ascorbic acid (AA) metabolism in young men housed for 13 weeks in a nutrition suite that provided controlled periods of ascorbic acid depletion and repletion. Twelve medically healthy non-smoking men, aged 25 to 43 years, ate a rotating four-day diet adequate in all nutrients except ascorbic acid. Following an initial baseline period during which the subjects received 250 mgAA/day, the subjects received 5 mgAA/day for a 32-day depletion period. Eight of the 12 subjects participated in a subsequent 56-day repletion period designed to replace the reduced body AA pool slowly. Plasma and leukocyte ascorbate levels, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing depths, and attachment level were monitored at the beginning and end of the depletion and repletion periods. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained and examined for selected organisms by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. A uniform oral hygiene program was reinforced after each examination. Ascorbate concentrations in plasma and leukocytes responded rapidly to changes in vitamin C intake. There were no significant changes in plaque accumulation, probing pocket depth, or attachment level during the study. In contrast, gingival bleeding increased significantly after the period of AA depletion and returned to baseline values after the period of AA repletion. However, no relationship could be demonstrated between either the presence or proportion of target periodontal micro-organisms and measures of gingival bleeding or ascorbate levels.
The interval scaling properties of the London Handicap Scale: an example from the adaptation of the scale for use in Turkey
Authors: Kutlay Şehim , Küçükdeveci Ayşe A , Yanık Burcu , Elhan Atilla , Öztuna Derya , Tennant Alan 
Published: November 2010

Objectives: To adapt the London Handicap Scale into the Turkish language, and to investigate the scaling properties of this version in a sample of people who have experienced a stroke. Design: After the translation process, the internal construct validity was tested by Rasch analysis and the reliability by internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient. The interval scaling properties were assessed by contrasting the raw and weighted London Handicap Scale scores with the Rasch latent estimates. Setting: An outpatient rehabilitation unit of a university hospital. Subjects: One hundred and eighty-eight community-dwelling post-stroke patients (mean age 63 (SD 12) years, 54% male) were assessed by the Turkish version of the London Handicap Scale. Results: After adjustment for local dependency, the data showed good fit to Rasch model expectations with a mean item fit −0.240 (SD 1.868), person fit −0.403 (SD 0.893) and chi-square interaction 8.55 (df 10, P = 0.575). The reliability was good with a Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.845. Analysis of the scaling properties showed that either the raw London Handicap Scale score or its weighted score were non-linear with respect to the Rasch latent estimate. Conclusions: The London Handicap Scale is a valid and reliable scale for use in stroke in Turkey. Its unweighted raw scores and weighted scores are equivalent and ordinal, but a linear transformation is possible through Rasch analysis.
Influence of combined aerobic and resistance training on metabolic control, cardiovascular fitness and quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: D’hooge Roseline , Hellinckx Tinneke , Van Laethem Christophe , Stegen Sanne , De Schepper Jean , Van Aken Sara , Dewolf Daniel , Calders Patrick 
Published: November 2010

Objective: To evaluate the effect of combined exercise training on metabolic control, physical fitness and quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Design: A double-blind randomized controlled trial with patients receiving combined aerobic and strength or no training. Setting: University Hospital Ghent (Belgium). Subjects: Sixteen children with type 1 diabetes were randomized into a control group ( n = 8) and an intervention group ( n = 8). Interventions: Patients participated twice a week for 20 weeks in the combined aerobic and strength group. The control group continued their normal daily activities. Main measures: Before and after the intervention anthropometric variables (weight, length, BMI, body composition), metabolic control (glycaemia, HbA1c, daily insulin injected), aerobic capacity (peak Vo2, peak power, peak heart rate, 6-minute walk distance), strength (1 repetition maximum of upper and lower limb, hand grip strength, muscle fatigue resistance, sit-to-stand) and quality of life (SF-36) were assessed. Results: At baseline, none of the measured parameters differed significantly between the two groups. There was no significant evolution in the groups concerning anthropometric indices, glycaemia and HbA1c. However, the daily doses of insulin injected were significantly lowered in the training group (0.96  IU/kg.day pre versus 0.90  IU/kg.day post; P <  0,05), while it was increased in the control group. Physical fitness increased significantly in the training group. General health, vitality and role emotional had a tendency to improve. Conclusion: Combined exercise training seemed to lower daily insulin requirement and improve physical fitness, together with better well-being.
Migraine and weather: A prospective diary-based analysis
Authors: Zebenholzer Karin , Rudel Ernest , Frantal Sophie , Brannath Werner , Schmidt Karin , Wöber-Bingöl Çiçek , Wöber Christian 
Published: November 2010

Aims Weather is mentioned as a trigger factor by migraine patients most frequently. We examined the impact of meteorological factors and the impact of their day-to-day change on the risk of occurrence and persistence of headache and migraine and the correlation of subjective weather perception with objective weather data. Methods We performed a prospective, diary-based cohort study in 238 patients suffering from migraine with or without aura. Patients had to live within 25 km of the Vienna meteorological station and were required to keep a diary for 90 days. We analysed 11 meteorological parameters and 17 synoptic weather situations. For evaluating the hazard of occurrence and persistence of migraine and headache, we performed a univariate and a stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis. We calculated correlations between subjective weather perception and meteorological data. Results In the uni- and multivariate analysis, a ridge of high pressure increased the risk of headache occurrence, lower mean daily wind speed increased the risk of migraine occurrence and a day-to-day change of daily sunshine duration increased the risk of migraine occurrence. A day-to-day change of the daily minimum temperature decreased the risk of migraine persistence. After correction for multiple testing, none of these findings remained statistically significant. Subjective weather perceptions did not correlate with the occurrence or persistence of migraine or headache. Subjective perception of cold and too-cold weather and of too-warm weather correlated with daily minimum, mean and maximum temperature. Conclusion The influence of weather factors on migraine and headache is small and questionable.
Structured management strategy versus usual care for gastroesophageal reflux disease: rationale for pooled analysis of five European cluster-randomized trials
Authors: Ponce Julio , Garrigues Vicente , Agréus Lars , Tabaglio Erminio , Gschwantler Michael , Güallar Eliseo , Tafalla Mónica , Nuevo Javier , Hatlebakk Jan G. 
Published: November 2010

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a major impact at the primary care level and there is a need to evaluate whether the diagnosis and therapeutic management of GERD in Europe needs to be improved. Methods: This project was designed to test the hypothesis that a new primary care management strategy would improve outcomes for patients with GERD, compared with usual care, in Europe. The analysis pools five separate cluster-randomized studies conducted in Austria, Italy, Norway, Spain and Sweden. These studies used a strategy based on the self-administered GerdQ questionnaire to stratify adult patients with symptoms of heartburn or regurgitation according to the frequency and impact of symptoms. A score of ≥8 indicates a high probability of suffering GERD. Patients with a GerdQ impact score ≤2 were treated with generic proton-pump inhibitors according to local guidance, and patients with an impact score ≥3 were treated with esomeprazole 40 mg once daily. Results: In total, 2400 patients were enrolled across the five studies. The protocols were modified by individual countries according to their local guidelines/requirements. In Norway, the new management strategy was compared with traditional routine endoscopy and 24-hour pH-metry, and encompassed proton-pump inhibitor reimbursement restrictions. Outcome measures differed by country, but included control of GERD symptoms, self-rated health status and work productivity, treatment changes, specialist referrals and physician adherence. GERD-related use of healthcare resources was also evaluated. Conclusion: The pooled analysis will determine whether a locally adapted primary care management strategy for GERD, using GerdQ as a patient-tailored diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation tool, is beneficial compared with usual care across five countries with different standard approaches to GERD management and control.
Genome wide transcriptome profiling of a murine acute melioidosis model reveals new insights into how Burkholderia pseudomallei overcomes host innate immunity
Authors: Chin Chui-Yoke , Monack Denise M , Nathan Sheila 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
At present, very little is known about how Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) interacts with its host to elicit melioidosis symptoms. We established a murine acute-phase melioidosis model and used DNA microarray technology to investigate the global host/pathogen interaction. We compared the transcriptome of infected liver and spleen with uninfected tissues over an infection period of 42 hr to identify genes whose expression is altered in response to an acute infection.

Results
Viable B. pseudomallei cells were consistently detected in the blood, liver and spleen during the 42 hr course of infection. Microarray analysis of the liver and spleen over this time course demonstrated that genes involved in immune response, stress response, cell cycle regulation, proteasomal degradation, cellular metabolism and signal transduction pathways were differentially regulated. Up regulation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene expression suggested that a TLR2-mediated signalling pathway is responsible for recognition and initiation of an inflammatory response to the acute B. pseudomallei infection. Most of the highly elevated inflammatory genes are a cohort of "core host immune response" genes commonly seen in general inflammation infections. Concomitant to this initial inflammatory response, we observed an increase in transcripts associated with cell-death, caspase activation and peptidoglysis that ultimately promote tissue injury in the host. The complement system responsible for restoring host cellular homeostasis and eliminating intracellular bacteria was activated only after 24 hr post-infection. However, at this time point, diverse host nutrient metabolic and cellular pathways including glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were repressed.

Conclusions
This detailed picture of the host transcriptional response during acute melioidosis highlights a broad range of innate immune mechanisms that are activated in the host within 24 hrs, including the core immune response commonly seen in general inflammatory infections. Nevertheless, this activation is suppressed at 42 hr post-infection and in addition, suboptimal activation and function of the downstream complement system promotes uncontrolled spread of the bacteria.