bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear medical inpatient treatment in Germany
Authors: Dietlein M. , Reiners C. , Lorenz R. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryAll public licensed hospitals of Germany are obligated since 2004 to establish and to publish a structured biennial quality report. The aim of this study was to analyse the quality reports from 2008 of clinics with nuclear-medicine therapy ward and to investigate developments for the inpatient nuclear-medicine therapy by comparing the results with the quality reports of the years 2004 and 2006. Methods: All available structured quality reports of clinics with a nuclear-medicine therapy ward of the years 2004, 2006 and 2008 were evaluated. Results: The total number of inpatient treatment cases in 2008 amounted to 54 190 (2006: 54 884; 2004: 57 366). This corresponds to a decrease of 5.5% in comparison to 2004. The number of the therapy wards decreased at the same time to currently 117 (2006: 120; 2004: 124). Remarkable changes were found in the spectrum of the main diagnosis. Thus, the most frequent diagnosis with the ICD-code E05 (hyperthyroidism) decreased continuously from 37 747 treatments in 2004 and 34 764 in 2006 to 31 756 in the year 2008. In contrast, the ICD-diagnoses for thyroid cancer (C73, Z08) with 14 761 cases in 2008 increased with time (2006: 13 426; 2004: 12 581). Conclusions: In analogy to the observations from Europe after introduction of an iodine prophylaxis the improved iodine supply in Germany has led to a decline of the radioiodine therapy due to hyperthyroidism.
The South Gate and Defences ofVenta Icenorum: Professor Atkinson's Excavations, 1930 and 1934
Authors: Frere Sheppard 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the hitherto unpublished South Gate of the Roman city at Caistor St Edmund, Norfolk, which was excavated by Donald Atkinson in 1934; it discusses the implications both of the adjacent two kinds of external towers and of his trench through the rampart behind the city's north wall, dug in 1930 but not previously published.
Iron Age Coinage and Settlement in East Kent
Authors: Holman David 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTSince 1991, recording of metal-detector and archaeological finds in east Kent has shown that Iron Age coins are far more numerous than previously thought. Their quantity and distribution suggests widespread use and acceptance. Continental links, suggesting trade activity, are also evident. A number of sites producing large numbers of coins and other evidence of Iron Age (and Roman) occupation have been identified, with chronological and functional differences being apparent. Away from these sites, significant numbers of coins have been recorded from across much of the surrounding area, enabling comparisons to be made between individual sites and the background distribution, leading to a greater understanding of Iron Age coinage and settlement in east Kent.
A New Flavian Military Site at Roecliffe, North Yorkshire
Authors: Bishop M.C. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTGeophysical survey prior to the upgrading to motorway status of the A1 in the vicinity of Boroughbridge, North Yorkshire, identified a new Roman castra site with double defensive ditches, a series of outwork defences, and strong indications of extramural activity on both the north and south banks of the river Ure. Excavation permitted the examination of a corridor over 0.5 km long through the extramural settlement. Dating evidence suggested a period of occupation ranging between a.d. 71 and at least the first, and possibly the second, half of the 80s.
Modular Planning in First-Century A.D. Romano-British Auxiliary Forts
Authors: Walthew C.V. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe traditional view that auxiliary forts were set out in units of five and ten Roman feet (pedes Monetales) has little basis in fact and should be re-assessed. Detailed examination of seven sites (Hod Hill, The Lunt, Pen Llystyn, Strageath, Fendoch, Gellygaer, and Caerhun) shows that fractions and multiples of 12 p.M., possibly derived from the actus, were widely used in their planning, the process becoming more rigorous and precise during the second half of the first century a.d. Close links between the seven plans emerge and the key role played by the principia and barracks in their implementation is highlighted.
Piracy in Late Roman Britain: a Perspective from the Viking Age
Authors: Pearson Andrew 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with the nature of the contacts between late Roman Britain and the seafaring peoples of the continental North Sea coast. Evidence for Germanic piracy during this period is extremely slight, with the consequence that notions about its character are poorly defined. However, this paper argues that there is a basic similarity between these barbarian attacks and those of the late eighth- and early ninth-century Vikings against England, Ireland and northern France. The Vikings are much better evidenced, both in terms of written sources and the archaeological record: this makes it possible to offer a model for the nature, scale and consequences of Germanic piracy in late Roman Britain.
Classification and Analysis of Archaeological Contexts for the Reconstruction of Early Romano-British Cremation Funerals
Authors: Weekes Jake 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper reassesses analytical categories commonly used to reconstruct the ‘funerary sequence’ of cremation and associated deposition in early Roman Britain, looking in particular at pre-pyre and pyre activity, burial, and other forms of primary deposition. In order to develop a clearer picture of the actual contexts of ceremonial performance and installation, and even to begin to disentangle the manifold meanings these events would have held for original participants, it is first necessary to refine a ‘forensic’ approach to the data, remaining constantly aware of how our own assumptions about funerary behaviour can heavily influence what we think we see in the archaeological record.
A Bioarchaeological Investigation of Cultural Change in Dorset, England (Mid-to-Late Fourth Century B.C. to the End of the Fourth Century A.D.
Authors: Redfern Rebecca 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the results of the first regional and bioarchaeological analysis of health in late Iron Age and Roman Britain. This tested the hypothesis that cultural and environmental changes in Dorset would result in changes to demography, stature, dental health and infectious disease. The study observed change to all health variables, supporting environmental and archaeological evidence for the introduction of urban centres, changes in living conditions, greater population movement, and development of the agricultural economy. Importantly, the study demonstrated that these responses did not reflect changes observed in other areas of Britain or Gaul.
Effectiveness and Toxicity of Methotrexate in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Comparison of 2 Initial Dosing Regimens
Authors: BECKER MARA L. , ROSÉ CARLOS D. , CRON RANDY Q. , SHERRY DAVID D. , BILKER WARREN B. , LAUTENBACH EBBING 
Published: March 2010

Objective.To compare the incidence of liver toxicity and clinical response between 2 initial dosing regimens of methotrexate (MTX) for treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.Clinical and laboratory data were abstracted from the medical records of 220 children newly prescribed MTX from the same geographic region. One cohort received initial doses of MTX > 0.5 mg/kg/week (“high-dose”) and one cohort received initial doses of MTX ≤ 0.5 mg/kg/week (“low-dose”). Toxicity was defined as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) above the normal range, and positive clinical response was defined as a reduction in active joint count during the first 6 months of MTX therapy.Results.One hundred twenty-six children were in the high-dose MTX group, 94 in the low-dose MTX group. At 6 months, the high-dose group was more likely to have an elevated AST or ALT (adjusted OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.82–8.29, p < 0.0001). Subjects receiving both MTX and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) had no significant difference between groups in change of active joint count, while subjects in the high-dose group but not taking NSAID had more active joints (p = 0.036) at 6 months compared to the low-dose group.Conclusion.Initial high-dose MTX was associated with an increased risk of at least one liver enzyme abnormality with no significant improvement in active joint count. This suggests that there is no apparent benefit, while the potential for liver toxicity is increased, when using higher doses of MTX at treatment inception in patients with JIA.
Similarities and Differences Between Primary and Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ-MOLINA GABRIELA , ÁVILA-CASADO CARMEN , CÁRDENAS-VELÁZQUEZ FRANCISCO , HERNÁNDEZ-HERNÁNDEZ CARLOS , CALDERILLO MARÍA LUISA , MARROQUÍN VERÓNICA , SOTO-ABRAHAM VIRGILIA , RECILLAS-GISPERT CLAUDIA , SÁNCHEZ-GUERRERO JORGE 
Published: March 2010

Objective.To define the clinical, serological, and histopathological characteristics of primary (pSS) and secondary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS).Methods.Fifty subjects with pSS and 300 with connective tissue diseases (CTD; systemic lupus erythematosus 100, rheumatoid arthritis 100, scleroderma 100) were selected randomly from our patient registry. Selected patients were assessed for fulfillment of the American-European Consensus Group criteria for SS using a 3-phase approach: screening (European questionnaire, Schirmer-I test, wafer test), confirmatory (fluorescein staining test, nonstimulated whole salivary flow, anti-Ro/La antibodies), and lip biopsy (H&E and immunohistochemical staining for anti-CD20 and anti-CD45RO scored by morphometry).Results.All patients with pSS and 65 with CTD met criteria for SS. Oral symptoms (pSS = 92% and secondary SS = 84%; p = 0.02), parotid enlargement (pSS 56%, secondary SS 9.2%; p < 0.001), and higher prevalence (pSS 82%, secondary SS 41%; p < 0.001) and titers of anti-Ro/La antibodies were more common in pSS. Extraglandular manifestations were similar in both groups, except for Raynaud’s phenomenon, which was more common in those with secondary SS (pSS 16% vs secondary SS 41%; p = 0.001). These results remained after 3 different sensitivity analyses. The prevalence of focal infiltration was also similar in both SS varieties; however, a higher B:T cell ratio and higher expression of CD20 cells (2922 vs 607.5 positive cells; p < 0.001) were observed in pSS.Conclusion.A higher frequency of oral symptoms and parotid enlargement and stronger B cell activity (autoantibody production and lymphocyte infiltration) were observed in pSS. Whether these results reflect a true difference between the 2 disease entities or derive from underlying variables remains uncertain.
iPod: A personalized sound world for its consumers
Authors: Bull Michael 
Published: March 2010

For the first time in industrialised culture, over fifty percent of the population possesses the ability to privatise whatever environment they might be in through the use of a dedicated MP3 player or through a mobile phone with MP3 capabilities. The consumption of technologically mediated sound in the 20th and 21st centuries represents an increasingly significant mode of ‘being-in-theworld’ in which the ‘self’ claims a mobile and auditory territory for itself through a specific form of ‘sensory gating’ permitting the user to screen out unwanted sounds through the creation of their own seductive soundscape. The untrammelled pleasures of creating a privatised mobile soundworld resonates through urban and cultural theory posing a set of interrelated theoretical problems relating to both our relation to the spaces we move through. the nature and meaning of public and private space., the potential for urban aestheticisation, urban retreat and withdrawalIn this paper I discuss the use of Apple iPod in terms of its use as a technological support system of users. The paper draws upon the Internet responses of over one thousand iPod users worldwide between 2004 and 2005. The paper investigates the specific nature of auditory mediation that use entails. It argues that iPod use can usefully be interpreted as a form of pleasurable toxicity within which the ‘total mediated’ world of users lies a dream of unmediated experience - of direct access to the world and one’s emotions.
Por primera vez desde el nacimiento de la cultura industrializada, más de la mitad de la población es capaz de personalizar cualquier parte de su entorno gracias a un reproductor de MP3 o a través de un teléfono móvil. El consumo de sonidos mediados tecnológicamente durante los siglos XX y XXI representa una forma cada vez más importante de «estar-en-el-mundo»; el «yo» reclama un territorio sonoro móvil a través de una especie de «compuerta sensorial» que le permite filtrar los sonidos que no le interesan y crear el paisaje sonoro que más le satisface. El placer sin límites que supone crear un mundo sonoro móvil de carácter privado plantea, para la teoría urbana y cultural, un conjunto de problemas teóricos que tienen que ver con la relación con los espacios en los que nos movemos, la naturaleza y el significado del espacio público y privado, el potencial de la estetización de lo urbano, y la incomunicación de la ciudad. También cuestiona el conocimiento de las tecnologías que se usan para mediatizar gran parte de la experiencia cotidiana. En este artículo se analiza el uso del iPod como soporte tecnológico para los consumidores. Se basa en las respuestas de más de un millar de usuarios entre 2004-05. Plantea que el uso del iPod puede ser interpretado positivamente si se considera como una forma de toxicidad placentera en la que bajo el mundo «totalmente mediatizado» de los usuarios subyace un anhelo de experiencia no mediatizada –de acceso directo al mundo y a las emociones de cada uno.
The role of musical instruments in the globalization of music
Authors: wa-Mukuma Kazadi 
Published: March 2010

In recent years, the term «globalization» has become a catchword in many languages. It is an open-ended process that implies different levels of unification. In music, attempts have been made by individual and collectively by artists from different cultures in the world. In each case, the process has been focused on the unification of musical sounds that can be identified within the global community. Technology is successful with the duplication of sounds of musical instruments for computer games, but the creation of zones of cultural interaction as defined by actual musical instruments is presenting challenges with the unification of cultural values into one global community. In music, globalization implies «world music» that is articulated as a hybrid product. The process of globalization is readily realized electronically, with sounds of musical instruments, but the creation of zones of cultural interaction, with the same musical instruments, will require a mixture of configuration of factors ranging from ecology to language and cultural manifestation. The objective of zones of cultural interaction is not to unify style of music, but through globalization is the sharing of actual musical instruments. To accomplish this objective, geographic spaces will have to surmount the globalization of the world ecology, language, and culture.En los últimos años, el término «globalización» se ha convertido en una palabra clave para muchas lenguas. Con él se hace referencia a un proceso abierto que implica diferentes niveles de unificación. En el campo de la música, han participado en él, tanto de forma individual como colectiva, artistas de diferentes culturas del mundo. En todos los casos, el proceso se ha centrado en la unificación de sonidos musicales que puedan identificarse por una comunidad global. En este sentido, la tecnología ha conseguido con éxito duplicar los sonidos de los instrumentos musicales para los videojuegos, pero la creación de zonas de interacción cultural, como las definidas por los instrumentos musicales actuales, se enfrenta a una serie de retos derivados de la unificación de los valores culturales en una comunidad global. El proceso de globalización se puede desarrollar fácilmente de manera electrónica con sonidos de instrumentos musicales, la creación de las zonas de interacción cultural con los mismos instrumentos musicales necesitará que se den además una serie de factores, que van desde lo ecológico hasta lo lingüístico y cultural. El principal objetivo de las zonas de interacción cultural no es el de unificar el estilo de música, sino el de compartir los instrumentos musicales actuales a través de la globalización. Para cumplir este objetivo, los territorios en los que se produzca esa interacción tendrán que completar este proceso globalizador atendiendo a criterios ecológicos, lingüísticos y culturales.
Advertising in the digital age: The microsite as a strategic factor in on-line advertising campaigns
Authors: Romero-Calmache María , Fanjul-Peyró Carlos 
Published: March 2010

The exponential and irreversible growth of the social web is an undeniable phenomenon that is provoking a series of changes in communication models. This global revolution proposes a new model that is completely democratic, in which a user, regardless of origin, status or occupation, can be the issuer and receiver of information in real time. This has forced advertising to redefine and adapt itself, modifying its strategies and formats in order to align to the new model. The traditional rules of elaborating commercial messages do not apply in the Internet environment, and their advertising efficiency is limited. However, investment in this medium increases year by year, the proof being the market’s gamble on the commercial possibilities of Internet. This work studies a new advertising model on the Net: a microsite. This format invites the user to enjoy a sensorial experience through the computer which issues interactive commercial messages that are subtle but convincing. Through the analysis of the semantic and technical content of a sample of these slots, we seek to define and emphasize the principle characteristics of the microsite and to reflect upon its strategic role within on-line advertising campaigns.
El crecimiento exponencial e irreversible de la Web Social es un fenómeno innegable que está propiciando una serie de cambios en las fórmulas comunicacionales. Esa revolución de naturaleza global propone un nuevo modelo por completo democrático, en el que un usuario, sea cual sea su procedencia, status u ocupación, puede ser emisor y receptor de información a tiempo real. En esta coyuntura, la publicidad se ve obligada a redefinirse y adaptarse, teniendo que modificar sus estrategias y formatos para adecuarse al nuevo modelo. Las fórmulas tradicionales de elaboración de los mensajes comerciales no funcionan en el ámbito de Internet y su eficacia publicitaria es escasa. Sin embargo, la inversión en este medio crece año tras año, lo que demuestra la apuesta del mercado por las posibilidades comerciales de Internet. Este trabajo supone el estudio de un nuevo modelo publicitario en la Red: el microsite. Un formato que invita al usuario a vivir una experiencia sensorial a través del ordenador y que lanza mensajes comerciales de forma interactiva, sutil, pero contundente. Mediante el análisis de contenidos técnicos y semánticos de una muestra de estos espacios, se busca definir y destacar las principales características del microsite y reflexionar sobre el rol estratégico del mismo dentro de las campañas publicitarias on-line.
Internet access by minors at home: Usage norms imposed by parents
Authors: Sureda-Negre Jaume , Comas-Forgas Ruben , Morey-López Mercè 
Published: March 2010

This paper examines and discusses the rules and standards set by parents for their children on Internet usage at home. Data that supports the paper have been obtained by surveying a representative sample of children in the Balearic Islands aged between 6 and 16 years; the analysis dimensions are: access by minors to the Internet from home; location of the computer from which have online access; level of autonomy or accompaniment while surfing the Net; norms imposed by their parents; types of rules imposed; relationship between norms and gender; the minors’ opinion and assessment of the knowledge and abilities of their parents on use of the Internet and, finally, the accompanying strategies of parents when their children access the Internet. The main results shows that just over 53% of minors between 6 and 14, and 62% of those between 15 and 16, surf the Internet without their parents’ presence and free of any norms and/or limitations. Where standards are established, these are mainly to do with temporary restrictions. Therefore, it appears that parents are unaware of the dangers of the Internet or at least act irrationally. This shows the need for awareness and provision of skills, knowledge and abilities to enable parents to assume their responsibilities in the Internet usage of minors.
Este artículo analiza el establecimiento de normas por parte de los progenitores a sus hijos sobre la utilización de Internet en los hogares. Los datos se han obtenido mediante encuestación sobre una muestra representativa de los menores de las Islas Baleares de entre 6 y 16 años, habiéndose analizado las siguientes dimensiones: acceso de los menores a Internet desde el hogar; grado de autonomía o acompañamiento en la navegación; normativización impuesta en el hogar por parte de sus padres y madres; tipos de normas impuestas; relación entre normas y género; valoración de los menores de los conocimientos y habilidades de sus progenitores para navegar por Internet y, finalmente, el acompañamiento de los padres y madres a la hora de navegar por Internet. Se constata que poco más del 53% de los menores de entre 6 y 14 años, y del 62% de los de 15 y 16 años navegan a través de Internet sin que sus progenitores les establezcan limitaciones. Cuando establecen algún tipo de normas, éstas se refieren, principalmente, a restricciones de carácter temporal. Por tanto, se infiere que los padres y madres no son conscientes de los peligros de la Red o que, al menos, actúan de forma poco razonable. Ello muestra la necesidad de sensibilizar y formar a las familias para que asuman su responsabilidad educativa.