bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Drought on Gene Expression in Maize Reproductive and Leaf Meristem Tissue Revealed by RNA-Seq
Authors: Kakumanu Akshay , Ambavaram Madana M.R. , Klumas Curtis , Krishnan Arjun , Batlang Utlwang , Myers Elijah , Grene Ruth , Pereira Andy 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Drought stress affects cereals especially during the reproductive stage. The maize (Zea mays) drought transcriptome was studied using RNA-Seq analysis to compare drought-treated and well-watered fertilized ovary and basal leaf meristem tissue. More drought-responsive genes responded in the ovary compared with the leaf meristem. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed a massive decrease in transcript abundance of cell division and cell cycle genes in the drought-stressed ovary only. Among Gene Ontology categories related to carbohydrate metabolism, changes in starch and Suc metabolism-related genes occurred in the ovary, consistent with a decrease in starch levels, and in Suc transporter function, with no comparable changes occurring in the leaf meristem. Abscisic acid (ABA)-related processes responded positively, but only in the ovaries. Related responses suggested the operation of low glucose sensing in drought-stressed ovaries. The data are discussed in the context of the susceptibility of maize kernel to drought stress leading to embryo abortion and the relative robustness of dividing vegetative tissue taken at the same time from the same plant subjected to the same conditions. Our working hypothesis involves signaling events associated with increased ABA levels, decreased glucose levels, disruption of ABA/sugar signaling, activation of programmed cell death/senescence through repression of a phospholipase C-mediated signaling pathway, and arrest of the cell cycle in the stressed ovary at 1 d after pollination. Increased invertase levels in the stressed leaf meristem, on the other hand, resulted in that tissue maintaining hexose levels at an “unstressed” level, and at lower ABA levels, which was correlated with successful resistance to drought stress.
Analysis of Xylem Sap from Functional (Nonembolized) and Nonfunctional (Embolized) Vessels of Populus nigra: Chemistry of Refilling
Authors: Secchi Francesca , Zwieniecki Maciej A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
It is assumed that the refilling of drought-induced embolism requires the creation of an osmotic gradient between xylem parenchyma cells and vessel lumens to generate the water efflux needed to fill the void. To assess the mechanism of embolism repair, it is crucial to determine if plants can up-regulate the efflux of osmotically active substances into embolized vessels and identify the major components of the released osmoticum. Here, we introduce a new approach of sap collection designed to separate water from nonembolized (functional) and embolized (nonfunctional) vessels. This new approach made possible the chemical analysis of liquid collected from both types of vessels in plants subjected to different levels of water stress. The technique also allowed us to determine the water volumes in nonfunctional vessels as a function of stress level. Overall, with the increase of water stress in plants, the osmotic potential of liquid collected from nonfunctional vessels increased while its volume decreased. These results revealed the presence of both sugars and ions in nonfunctional vessels at elevated levels in comparison with liquid collected from functional vessels, in which only traces of sugars were found. The increased sugar concentration was accompanied by decreased xylem sap pH. These results provide new insight into the biology of refilling, underlining the role of sugar and sugar transporters, and imply that a large degree of hydraulic compartmentalization must exist in the xylem during the refilling process.
Anticoagulant treatment of pulmonary embolism: impact and implications of the EINSTEIN PE study
Authors: Prandoni Paolo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE), which can develop as a consequence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is a serious and potentially fatal venous thromboembolic event. Patients with PE are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence and serious complications such as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Anticoagulants, namely heparins and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), have been the main treatments for PE in patients who are haemodynamically stable. However, use of these agents can be complex and is associated with an increased risk of bleeding (a characteristic that is common to all anticoagulants). Simplified, effective treatment regimens for PE would be very beneficial for patients, physicians and payers. Compared with DVT, PE is a different clinical manifestation of VTE; phase III trials have now started to focus specifically on patients with PE. Trials in patients with PE can provide further information on the optimal management of these patients. Results of the phase III EINSTEIN PE study demonstrated non‐inferiority in the efficacy and safety of oral rivaroxaban compared with standard of care (enoxaparin/VKA) for the treatment of patients with acute symptomatic PE (with or without symptomatic DVT). Rates of major bleeding were significantly lower in patients receiving rivaroxaban. This review will discuss the findings of recent trials, particularly the potential impact of single, oral agents for both the initial and long‐term treatment of a range of patients with PE, and how these results may influence the clinical management of PE.
Biological roles and prognostic values of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐mediating transcription factors Twist, ZEB1 and Slug in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Lemma Siria , Karihtala Peeter , Haapasaari Kirsi‐Maria , Jantunen Esa , Soini Ylermi , Bloigu Risto , Pasanen Anna‐Kaisa , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina , Kuittinen Outi 
Published: July 2012

Aims:  To evaluate the biological roles and prognostic significance of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐mediating transcription factors (TFs) Twist, ZEB1 and Slug in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). EMT has been shown to enhance solid tumour metastasis, invasion, and proliferation.Methods and results:  Expression of Twist, ZEB1 and Slug was evaluated immunohistochemically in eight samples from reactive lymphoid tissues and in diagnostic samples from 102 DLBCL patients treated with curative intent with R‐CHOP‐type chemotherapy. ZEB1 and Slug expression correlated with adverse disease presentation. However, cytoplasmic Slug expression was linked to a favourable disease outcome, whereas nuclear expression of ZEB1 indicated an adverse outcome.Conclusions:  This study shows that an EMT‐like process occurs in lymphomas. Of the TFs investigated, ZEB1 seems to be the main one associated with adverse clinical presentation and clinical outcome. Surprisingly, Slug expression in cytoplasm was linked to a favourable prognosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether inhibition of ZEB1 could serve as a therapeutic target.
Comparison of the 2002 and 2010 TNM classification systems regarding outcome prediction in clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Pichler Martin , Hutterer Georg C , Chromecki Thomas F , Jesche Johanna , Kampel‐Kettner Karin , Groselj‐Strele Andrea , Hoefler Gerald , Pummer Karl , Zigeuner Richard 
Published: July 2012

Aims:  A novel version of the tumour–node–metastasis (TNM) classification system for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was introduced in 2010, although the prognostic significance with regard to different histological subtypes has not been explored. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the predictive ability of the 2002 and 2010 versions of the TNM classification system for clear cell and papillary RCC.Methods and results:  Data from 2263 consecutive clear cell and 309 papillary RCC patients, operated at a single tertiary academic centre, were evaluated. According to TNM 2010, statistically significant differences for cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were observed for pT1a versus pT1b (P < 0.001) and pT3a versus pT3b (P < 0.004) in clear cell RCC; and pT1b versus pT2a (P = 0.002) and pT3b versus pT3c (P = 0.046) in papillary RCC. The c‐index for CSS in clear cell RCC was 0.74 and 0.73, and in papillary RCC 0.79 and 0.78, for the 2002 and 2010 versions of the TNM classification system, respectively.Conclusions:  According to our data, the predictive ability of the 2010 version of the TNM classification system regarding CSS is not superior to the 2002 version, either in clear cell or in papillary RCC.
Expression of autophagy‐related markers beclin‐1, light chain 3A, light chain 3B and p62 according to the molecular subtype of breast cancer
Authors: Choi Junjeong , Jung Woohee , Koo Ja Seung 
Published: July 2012

Aims:   To investigate the relationship between the expression of autophagy‐related proteins, including beclin‐1, light chain (LC) 3A, LC3B, and p62, and prognosis in invasive breast cancer.Methods and results:   We constructed tissue microarrays from the breast cancer cells of 489 patients, and classified molecular subtypes using surrogate immunohistochemical stains. The tumoral expression levels of LC3A and LC3B were highest in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) (P < 0.001), whereas these types of tumour had the lowest expression levels of these markers in the stroma (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Cytoplasmic beclin‐1 expression was highest in TNBC, but nuclear expression was lowest (P < 0.001). p62 cytoplasmic and nuclear expression were highest in HER2‐type tumours (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Tumoral LC3A and LC3B expression were associated with high histological grade (P < 0.001, and P < 0.028, respectively), but nuclear p62 expression was associated with lower histological grade (P = 0.004).Conclusions:   Autophagy‐related markers are differentially expressed according to the molecular subtype of breast cancer. In particular, expression of LC3A, LC3B and beclin‐1 was highest in TNBC tumour cells, whereas that of LC3A and LC3B in the tumour stroma was lowest in TNBC.
Histopathological study of lymph node lesions in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Yokouchi Yuki , Oharaseki Toshiaki , Harada Mana , Ihara Fumie , Naoe Shiro , Takahashi Kei 
Published: July 2012

Aims:  To review the histopathological features of cervical LNs, and to clarify the changes in extracervical LNs, in acute Kawasaki disease (KD).Methods and results:  The samples were obtained from 33 patients with acute‐phase KD. We divided the LNs into those in the neck (n = 23) and those located elsewhere (n = 26), and investigated them histologically. Changes occur not only in the cervical region, but also in LNs throughout the body. Most lymphadenopathy is non‐specific, caused by sinus expansion and paracortical zone enlargement, but there are also necrotic lesions of various sizes that can be surmised to result from ischaemic changes in some LNs. Necrotic foci start to develop immediately below the capsule, and are accompanied by fibrin thrombi in the small vessels and perivascular nuclear debris. Especially in the case of cervical LNs with necrosis, a high degree of non‐purulent inflammation develops in the LN capsule and surrounding connective tissue.Conclusions:  In addition to lymphadenopathy with necrosis, KD should be suspected if there is non‐purulent inflammation of the LN capsule and/or surrounding connective tissue featuring mainly monocytes/macrophages.
Genetic and phylogenetic evidence for horizontal gene transfer among ecologically disparate groups of marine Vibrio
Authors: Hoffmann Maria , Monday Steven R. , McCarthy Peter J. , Lopez Jose V. , Fischer Markus , Brown Eric W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVibrio represents a diverse bacterial genus found in different niches of the marine environment, including numerous genera of marine sponges (phylum Porifera), inhabiting different depths and regions of benthic seas, that are potentially important in driving adaptive change among Vibrio spp. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a previous study showed that sponge‐derived (SD) vibrios clustered with their mainstream counterparts present in shallow, coastal ecosystems, suggesting a genetic relatedness between these populations. Sequences from the topA, ftsZ, mreB, rpoD, rctB and toxR genes were used to investigate the degree of relatedness existing between these two separate populations by examining their phylogenetic and genetic disparity. Phylogenies were constructed from the concatenated sequences of the six housekeeping genes using maximum‐parsimony, maximum‐likelihood and neighbour‐joining algorithms. Genetic recombination was evaluated using the incongruence length difference test, Split decomposition and measuring overall compatibility of sites. This combined technical approach provided evidence that SD Vibrio strains are largely genetically homologous to their shallow‐water counterparts. Moreover, the analyses conducted support the existence of extensive horizontal gene transfer between these two groups, supporting the idea of a single panmictic population structure among vibrios from two seemingly distinct, marine environments.
Long‐term outcome and prognostic factors of elderly patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Ono Takaaki , Takeshita Akihiro , Kishimoto Yuji , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Okada Masaya , Yamauchi Takahiro , Tsuzuki Motohiro , Horikawa Kentaro , Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Shinagawa Katsuji , Monma Fumihiko , Ohtake Shigeki , Nakaseko Chiaki , Takahashi Masatomo , Kimura Yukihiko , Iwanaga Masako , Asou Norio , Naoe Tomoki ,   the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group
Published: July 2012

Studies focused on elderly acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are relatively limited. To evaluate prognostic impact in elderly APL, we compared the long‐term outcome of elderly APL patients (60–70 years) with younger patients (15–59 years) treated with all‐trans retinoic acid combined with anthracycline and cytarabine in the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group (JALSG) APL97 study. Of 283 evaluable patients, 46 (16.3%) were elderly who had more frequent lower platelet (P = 0.04), lower albumin (P = 0.006) and performance status 3 (P = 0.02), higher induction death rate due to differentiation syndrome (P = 0.03), and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) during consolidation therapy (P = 0.001). Overall survival was significantly inferior in elderly patients (P = 0.005), but disease‐free survival and cumulative incidence of relapse were not. Better therapeutic approaches should be considered to reduce NRM during induction and consolidation therapy in elderly APL. This study was registered at http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctrj/ under C000000206.
Serum and urine bone resorption markers and pharmacokinetics of the cathepsin K inhibitor ONO‐5334 after ascending single doses in post menopausal women
Authors: Nagase Shinichi , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Small Maria , Ohyama Michiyo , Kuwayama Tomohiro , Deacon Steve 
Published: July 2012

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Cathepsin K plays a critical role in bone resorption where it degrades the major organic components of bone and cartilage.• Therefore inhibitors of cathepsin K may offer clinical benefit in metabolic bone diseases characterized by accelerated bone resorption including osteoporosis.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• This phase I study in post menopausal women provides the first safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for single doses of the cathepsin K inhibitor, ONO‐5334.• Morning administration of ONO‐5334 showed rapid and dose‐dependent suppression in bone resorption.• This study shows that ONO‐5334 is safe, well tolerated and suppresses bone resorption and therefore shows potential as a new treatment for osteoporosis.AIMSTo investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the new cathepsin K inhibitor, ONO‐5334.METHODSA double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized studywas carried out in 52 healthy post menopausal females. Single ascending doses of ONO‐5334 (3–600 mg) were evaluated in six cohorts. The effect of food was studied at ONO‐5334 100 mg.RESULTSAcross the doses tested, mean ONO‐5334 Cmax occurred 0.5–1.0 h after dosing and the the t1/2 ranged from 9.1 to 22 h. Linear increases in Cmax and AUC(0,∞) were observed in the 3–300 mg and 3–600 mg dose range, respectively. After food, the geometric mean ratio (95% CI) Cmax and AUC(0,∞) for ONO‐5334 were 0.78 (0.31, 1.94) and 0.95 (0.67, 1.35)‐fold greater than fasted, respectively. ONO‐5334 significantly reduced serum bone resorption markers within 4 h vs. placebo. Statistical significance was achieved for ONO‐5334 doses ≥30 mg for C‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and ≥300 mg for N‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX). Statistical significance was still evident at 24 h for ONO‐5334 100 mg with serum CTX and 600 mg with serum NTX. The maximum suppression in serum CTX occurred at 4 h post dose with difference compared with placebo of −32%, −59%, −60% and −66% for 30, 100, 300 and 600 mg ONO‐5334, respectively. Second morning urine void 24 h post dose showed statistically significant suppression of urinary CTX and NTX at 100 mg and above vs. placebo. ONO‐5334 600 mg showed statistically significant suppression up to 72 h for serum CTX, urinary CTX and urinary NTX and 48 h for serum NTX vs. placebo. Adverse events were transient with no evidence of dose relationship.CONCLUSIONSONO‐5334 displayed linear plasma pharmacokinetics over the (predicted therapeutic) dose range, 3–300 mg, with clear suppression of urinary bone resorption markers at doses ≥100 mg for serum markers at 24 h. ONO‐5334 was well tolerated up to 600 mg day–1 when administered to healthy post menopausal women.
Post‐secondary transitions of youth emancipated from foster care
Authors: Batsche Catherine , Hart Sarah , Ort Rhonda , Armstrong Mary , Strozier Anne , Hummer Victoria 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the extent to which KnowHow2Go (KH2Go), a national college access campaign developed for first‐generation students in the USA, would resonate with youth who had aged out of foster care. Interviews were conducted with 27 youth who were enrolled in a post‐secondary programme following emancipation from foster care. We found KH2Go to have a close fit with the experiences of youth who had been in foster care. Four topics emerged as particularly important for youth in our study: money management, work, parenting and transportation. Finally, the study identified attributes these youth demonstrated that contributed to their resilience during the transition process. This study and the data presented pertain to youth living in the south‐eastern USA.
Evaluating the relationship between basin‐scale fish species richness and ecologically relevant flow characteristics in rivers worldwide
Authors: IWASAKI YUICHI , RYO MASAHIRO , SUI PENGZHE , YOSHIMURA CHIHIRO 
Published: July 2012

Summary1. River flow alterations due to climate change and increasing water usage affect freshwater biodiversity including fish species richness. Here, we statistically explored the relationships of fish species richness to 14 ecologically relevant flow metrics as well as basin area and latitude in 72 rivers worldwide.2. The statistical models best supported by the data included three variables with positive coefficients (mean river discharge, basin area and the maximum proportion of no‐flooding period) and three variables with negative coefficients (latitude, coefficients of variation in the frequency of low flow and the Julian date of annual minimum flow).3. The model outputs have provided the first empirical indication that specific low‐ and high‐flow characteristics may be important in explaining variations in basin‐scale fish species richness. Our findings can be useful in identifying high‐risk basins for conservation of fish species diversity.4. The results not only support the adoption of mean discharge as a predictor, but also suggest the importance of basin area in predicting basin‐scale fish species richness around the world.
Security services as coping mechanisms: an investigation into user intention to adopt an email authentication service
Authors: Herath Tejaswini , Chen Rui , Wang Jingguo , Banjara Ketan , Wilbur Jeff , Rao H. Raghav 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEmail plays an important role in the digital economy but is threatened by increasingly sophisticated cybercrimes. A number of security services have been developed, including an email authentication service designed to cope with email threats. It remains unknown how users perceive and evaluate these security services and consequently form their adoption intention. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model and Technology Threat Avoidance Theory, this paper investigates the factors that affect user intention to adopt an email authentication service. Our results show that user intention to adopt an email security service is contingent upon users' perception of risk and evaluation of both internal and external coping strategies. This study contributes to research in security service adoption, service success and design, and information security behaviour.
Antimicrobial efficacy of a high‐power diode laser, photo‐activated disinfection, conventional and sonic activated irrigation during root canal treatment
Authors: Bago I. , Plečko V. , Gabrić Pandurić D. , Schauperl Z. , Baraba A. , Anić I. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the antimicrobial effect of a diode laser irradiation, photo‐activated disinfection (PAD), conventional and sonic activated irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on Enterococcus faecalis.MethodologyRoot canals of 120 human extracted teeth with single straight canals were prepared with ProTaper files, sterilized, contaminated with an E. faecalis suspension and incubated for 7 days. They were then randomly distributed into six groups: G1, diode laser irradiation (2 W, 3 × 20 s); G2, PAD (100 mW, 60 s); G3, PAD with 3D Endoprobe (100 mW, 60 s); G4, 30‐gauge syringe irrigation with NaOCl (60 s); G5, sonic agitation of NaOCl with the EndoActivator system (60 s); G6, 30‐gauge syringe irrigation with NaCl (60 s). The pattern of colonization was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The root canals were sampled by flushing with saline solution at baseline and after the treatments. The number of bacteria in each canal was determined by plate count. The presence and the absence of E. faecalis in root canals were also demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the bacterial population after all treatments (P < 0.001). The PAD, using both laser systems, and the sonic activated NaOCl irrigation were significantly more effective than diode irradiation and single NaOCl irrigation in reducing CFUs (P < 0.05). High‐power diode laser and single NaOCl irrigation had an equal antibacterial effect (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe PAD and EndoActivator system were more successful in reducing the root canal infection than the diode laser and NaOCl syringe irrigation alone.