bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of a Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of DNA Hybridization Based on Gold Nanoparticles/CuO Nanospindles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Zhang Yuzhong , Wang Mingzhu , Huang Lei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this work, a sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor for the detection of sequence‐specific target DNA was reported. Firstly, CuO nanospindles (CuO NS) were immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Subsequently, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were introduced to the surface of CuO NS by the electrochemical deposition mode. Probe DNA with SH (HS‐DNA) at the 5′‐phosphate end was covalently immobilized on the surface of the Au NPs through AuS bond. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to elucidate the morphology of the assembled film, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique (EIS) was used to investigate the DNA sensor assembly process. Hybridization detection of DNA was performed with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and the methylene blue (MB) was hybridization indicator. Under the optimal conditions, the decline of reduction peak current of MB (ΔI) was linear with the logarithm of the concentration of complementary DNA from 1.0×10−13 to 1.0×10−6 mol·L−1 with a detection limit of 3.5×10−14 mol·L−1 (S/N=3). In addition, this DNA biosensor has good selectivity, and even can distinguish single‐mismatched target DNA.
Nitrite Ionic Liquids (IL‐ONO and [bmim]NO2) as Effective Nitrosonium Sources for the Synthesis of α‐Oximinoketones under Mild Heterogeneous Conditions
Authors: Valizadeh H. , Shomali A. , Gholipour H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractKetones and β‐diketones were nitrosated and converted to their corresponding α‐oximinoketones using task‐specific ionic liquids, 1‐(4‐nitritobutyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, IL‐ONO, and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium nitrite at room temperature. The results from two ionic liquids are comparable and showed that these IL's are effective nitrosonium sources for the preparation of oximinoketones. The protocol is rapid, the yields are excellent, and the method is simple.
Synthesis, Characterization and Ion Exchange Properties of a New Composite of Inorganic Ion Exchanger: Polyacrylonitrile Cerium(IV) Molybdophosphate
Authors: Ahmadi Seyed Javad , Yavari Ramin , Ashtari Parviz , Gholipour Vanik , Kamel Leila , Rakhshandehru Farokh 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this work, the synthesis of the composite of cerium(IV) molybdophosphate (CMP) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was reported (CMP‐PAN). The material has been characterized by elemental and spectral (FT‐IR), X‐ray and thermal (TGA) analysis. Also the size analysis of the composite was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its chemical stability in acidic, basic and saline solutions and radiation stability up to 100 kGy total expose dose were assessed. Whereas the synthesized composite has ion exchange properties, its ion exchange capacity and behavior toward several metal ions were also investigated. Further, the distribution coefficients of the metal ions were calculated. Finally, the ability of the synthesized CMP‐PAN composite for the decontamination of low level liquid waste (LLLW) was investigated.
Effect of Different Leachate/Acetate Ratios in a Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (SAnMBR)
Authors: Taskan Ergin , Hasar Halil 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLeachate treatment using a membrane bioreactor is an effective method. This study presents a configuration including an anaerobic bioreactor and a membrane module, called submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR), for treating influent with leachate/acetate rations (L/A), that were kept to be 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% at a constant SRT (100 days). COD removal decreased from 85 to 75% when the L/A ratio increased from 10 to 100. To prevent membrane fouling, a SAnMBR was operated in the case of circulation of mixed liquor under continuous and intermittent suction. The average fluxes were 2.60 and 0.40 L/m2 h at the periods of intermittent and continuous suction, respectively. The methane production varied between 0.25 and 0.32 L CH4/g CODremoved.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Emulsification–Microextraction Combined with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Determination of Trace Lead in Water
Authors: Jiang Hongmei , Zhang Yu , Qiu Bocheng , Li Wenhua 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe ultrasound‐assisted emulsification–microextraction (USAEME) method was combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for the determination of trace Pb using dithizone (H2DZ) as chelating reagent. Some effective parameters influenced the detection and microextraction, such as ashing temperature and atomization temperature, pH, extraction solvent, sample volume, extraction time, and extraction temperature were selected and optimized. After extraction, the calibration curves for Pb was in the concentration range of 0.1–10 ng mL−1, and the linear equation was y = 0.097 x + 0.023 (R = 0.99). Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit of the method was 20 pg mL−1 with an enrichment factor of 70 and the relative standards deviation (RSD) for seven determinations of 1 ng mL−1 Pb was 11%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine trace Pb in Yueya Lake water, pond water, and spiked samples. Furthermore, a certified reference material of Environment Water (GBW08607) was analyzed and the determined value was in good agreement with the certified value, which showed the accuracy, recovery, and applicability of the reported method.
Outwitting smart selfish nodes in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Chong Zan‐Kai , Tan Su‐Wei , Goi Bok‐Min , Ng Bryan Cheng‐Kuan 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYSelfish nodes are nodes that are reluctant to forward packets for others in wireless mesh networks. One of the effective techniques to remove them is to share the information of identified selfish nodes in the network. However, most selfish node detection schemes rarely address the trustworthiness of their shared information in the network. It turns devastating if smart selfish nodes are able to manipulate the shared information. We propose a detection framework named Separation of Detection Authority, which delegates the detection process to different entities. Particularly, its detection efficacy is modelled as the probability to have majority neighbours of nodes consist of well‐behaved node. Our analytic and simulation results show that the decentralised nature of Separation of Detection Authority is effective against these smart selfish nodes in static wireless mesh network. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling with Pincer Ligands
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Xia , Liu Ning 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions are powerful tools for constructing carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. In this microreview we summarize the nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions with pincer ligands. The reactions presented here include Kumada, Negishi, Suzuki, and Sonogashira reactions for the formation of different types of C–C bonds, as well as the thiolation of aryl iodides.
Synthesis, Structures, and Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysis of Bifunctional Iridium Complexes Bearing a C–N Chelate Oxime Ligand (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 3/2012)
Authors: Watanabe Megumi , Kashiwame Yohei , Kuwata Shigeki , Ikariya Takao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe back cover picture shows the structure of a dinuclear organometallic oxime complex, which exhibits metal–ligand bifunctional reactivity upon dissociation to the mononuclear hydrido–oxime complex and coordinatively unsaturated oximato complex. These mononuclear species are easily converted to each other through proton‐coupled hydride transfer with alcohols and ketones. Owing to metal–ligand cooperation, the dinuclear complex efficiently catalyzes the transfer hydrogenation of ketones with 2‐propanol. Details are discussed in the article by S. Kuwata, T. Ikariya et al. on p. 504 ff.
Cis and trans components of lipids: Analysis by 1H NMR and silver shift reagents
Authors: Agiomyrgianaki Alexia , Sedman Jacqueline , Van de Voort Frederik R. , Dais Photis 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this study, the methodology of shift reagents was exploited to distinguish cis and trans unsaturation in oils and fats. The differential binding of silver ions (in the form of AgFOD) to cis and trans double bonds allowed the separation of the allylic and olefinic proton signals in the 1H NMR spectra of mixtures of cis and trans methyl esters of monoene aliphatic acids and unsaturated triacylglycerol mixtures at low frequency spectrometers (300 MHz). Careful integration of the appropriate proton resonances in the recorded quantitative 1H NMR spectra afforded percentage concentrations in very good agreement with the actual values. This 1H NMR methodology was validated by analyzing AOCS Laboratory Proficiency Program GC samples containing various percentages of saturated, cis‐mono unsaturated, and cis‐polyunsaturated fat as well as trans content. This fast and relatively low‐cost NMR methodology could be used on line for obtaining nutrition labeling compositional data (NLCD) required for fat‐containing food products. Attempts to differentiate lipid molecules with different degree of unsaturation and positional distribution of cis double bonds were unsuccessful.
Anthracene‐Labeled 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Linked Bispyridinium Amide for Selective Sensing of H2PO4– by Fluorescence and Gel Formation
Authors: Ghosh Kumaresh , Sarkar Avik Ranjan , Chattopadhyay Asoke P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new receptor 1 has been designed and synthesized for the selective recognition of anions, which employs hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Receptor 1 selectively recognizes H2PO4– to exhibit a ratiometric emission response and formed a stable gel in CHCl3 that contained 10 % CH3CN, which is useful to visually sense H2PO4–. In comparison, receptor 2 did not form a gel with H2PO4– under similar conditions. Upon interaction with H2PO4–, the intensity of the monomer and excimer emission peaks of 2 increased markedly. Moreover, F– ions induced quenching of monomer emission in both 1 and 2 in a nonratiometric manner, which distinguished it from the other anions examined.
Development of an Integrated System for Immobilization and Mediating Charge to Alcohol Dehydrogenase During Bioelectrocatalytic Oxidation and Detection of Ethanol
Authors: Kowalewska Barbara , Kulesza Pawel J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA robust biocatalytic electrode film utilizing multiwalled carbon nanotubes intentionally derivatized with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDDA, as well as integrated with alcohol dehydrogenase is considered here for potential application as a stable efficient anode in a biofuel cell and a specific working electrode in amperometric sensors. PDDA‐modified CNTs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Once immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode substrate, they facilitate not only distribution of charge but also immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase molecules. The resulting integrated bioelectrocatalytic system was able to induce oxidation of ethanol and NADH as well as to produce relatively high currents at a fairly low potential.
Application of NiMoO4 Nanorods for the Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin with Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode
Authors: Hu Song , Cao Lili , Sun Zhaolan , Xiang Jun , Lu Ming , Sun Wei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper NiMoO4 nanorods were synthesized and used to accelerate the direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb). By using an ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (BPPF6) modified carbon paste electrode (CILE) as the basic electrode, NiMoO4 nanorods and Hb composite biomaterial was further cast on the surface of CILE and fixed by chitosan (CTS) to establish a modified electrode denoted as CTS/NiMoO4‐Hb/CILE. UV‐vis and FT‐IR spectroscopic results showed that Hb in the film retained its native structures without any conformational changes. Electrochemical behaviors of Hb entrapped in the film were carefully investigated by cyclic voltammetry with a pair of well‐defined and quasi‐reversible redox voltammetric peaks appearing in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 3.0), which was attributed to the direct electrochemistry of the electroactive center of Hb heme Fe(III)/Fe(II). The results were ascribed to the specific characteristic of NiMoO4 nanorods, which accelerated the direct electron transfer rate of Hb with the underlying CILE. The electrochemical parameters of Hb in the composite film were further carefully calculated with the results of the electron transfer number (n) as 1.08, the charge transfer coefficient (α) as 0.39 and the electron‐transfer rate constant (ks) as 0.82 s−1. The Hb modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic ability toward the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the concentration range from 0.2 to 26.0 mmol/L with a detection limit of 0.072 mmol/L (3σ), and H2O2 in the concentration range from 0.1 to 426.0 µmol/L with a detection limit of 3.16×10−8 mol/L (3σ).
NADH Oxidation Catalyzed by Electropolymerized Azines on Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrodes
Authors: Li Hanzi , Wen Hao , Calabrese Barton Scott 
Published: January 2012

AbstractElectropolymerizing azines on a carbon nanotube (CNT) modified electrode yields a high‐surface area interface with excellent electrocatalytic activity towards NADH oxidation. Electrodeposition of poly(methylene green) (PMG) and poly(toluidine blue) (PTBO) on the carboxylated CNT‐modified electrodes was achieved by cyclic voltammetry. The PMG‐CNT interface demonstrates 5.0 mA cm−2 current density for NADH oxidation at 50 mV vs. Ag|AgCl in 20 mM NADH solution. The kinetics of NADH electrocatalysis were analyzed using a quantitative mass‐transport‐corrected model with NADH bulk concentration and applied potential as independent variables. This high‐rate poly(azine)‐CNT interface is potentially applicable to high‐performance bioconversion, bioenergy and biosensors involving NADH‐dependent dehydrogenases.
Voltammetric Analysis of Phytochelatin Complexation in Ternary Metal Mixtures Supported by Multivariate Analysis and ESI‐MS
Authors: Cavanillas Santiago , Gusmão Rui , Ariño Cristina , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Esteban Miquel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe competitive binding of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ in ternary mixtures by the phytochelatins PC2 and PC5 (PCn; (γGlu‐Cys)n‐Gly, n=2 and 5) are examined by voltammetry, which allows one to follow the displacements of the voltammetric signals induced by the competitive binding among the metal ions towards PC2 or PC5 complexation, and direct injection positive‐mode Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI‐MS), in order to obtain the stoichiometries of the complexes. Voltammetric data are analyzed by Gaussian Peak Adjustment (GPA), which is a recently developed multivariate analysis method for nonlinear electrochemical data. Different complexes have been detected or deduced their presence, depending on the experimental conditions. Ternary complexes CuCdPCn and CdPbPCn were detected for both PC2 and PC5, while the ternary CuPbPCn complex was only detected for PC2. Some of the complexes have been only detected by ESI‐MS because in some cases voltammetry data could not be totally resolved, even by using GPA. The quaternary CdPbCuPCn complex has been detected for PC5, but for PC2 data are not so conclusive. In summary, the signal evolution for mixed CdCuPCn complexes is quite different. These observations could be a reflection of an antagonistic effect for the case of PC2 and a synergetic one for PC5.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Psychiatrists Towards Eating Disorders
Authors: Jones William R. , Saeidi Saeideh , Morgan John F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the eating disorder mental health literacy of psychiatrists.MethodA sample of psychiatrists completed a questionnaire measuring knowledge of and attitudes towards eating disorders. Knowledge questions were based on the academic literature, standard diagnostic criteria and national guidelines on the management of eating disorders. Attitude items covered beliefs about the aetiology and treatment of eating disorders, confidence levels in diagnosis and management and the use of compulsory measures in anorexia nervosa.ResultsPsychiatrists' knowledge of eating disorders was variable with specific gaps in both diagnosis and management. Psychiatrists felt more confident in diagnosing eating disorders than managing these conditions. Attitudes towards eating disorders were less stigmatizing than those seen in other health professionals.DiscussionThere is a clear need for greater education of psychiatrists regarding the diagnosis and management of eating disorders. Implementing training programmes and making information readily available could contribute to addressing these issues. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Exploring debris‐flow history and process dynamics using an integrative approach on a dolomitic cone in western Austria
Authors: Procter Emily , Stoffel Markus , Schneuwly‐Bollschweiler Michelle , Neumann Mathias 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe evolution of a debris‐flow cone depends on a multitude of factors in the hydrogeomorphic system. Investigations of debris‐flow history and cone dynamics in highly active catchments therefore require an integrative approach with a temporal and spatial resolution appropriate for the goals of the study. We present the use of an orthophoto time series to augment standard dendrogeomorphic techniques to describe the spatio‐temporal dynamics of debris flows on a highly active cone in the western Austrian Alps. Analysis of seven orthophotos since 1951 revealed a migration of active deposition areas with a resulting severe loss of forest cover (> 80%) and a mean tree loss per year of 10·4 (range 1·3–16·6 trees per year). Analysis of 193 Pinus mugo ssp. uncinata trees allowed the identification of 161 growth disturbances corresponding to 16 debris flows since 1839 and an average decadal frequency of 0·9 events. As a result of the severe loss of forest cover, we speculate that < 20% of the more recent events were actually captured in the tree‐ring record, giving a decadal return interval of ~7·5 events for a period of 60 years. Based on three annual field observations, it is evident that this catchment (the Bärenrüfe) produces very frequent (< 1 yr), small (in the order of a few 10 to 100 m3) debris flows with minor material relocation. The specific challenges of tree‐ring analysis in this tree species and in highly active environments are explicitly addressed in the discussion and underline the necessity of employing complementary methods of analysis in an integrative manner. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling sediment dynamics due to hillslope–river interactions: incorporating fluvial behaviour in landscape evolution model LAPSUS
Authors: Baartman Jantiene E. M. , van Gorp Wouter , Temme Arnaud J. A. M. , Schoorl Jeroen M. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTLandscape evolution models (LEMs) simulate the three‐dimensional development of landscapes over time. Different LEMs have different foci, e.g. erosional behaviour, river dynamics, the fluvial domain, hillslopes or a combination. LEM LAPSUS is a relatively simple cellular model operating on timescales of centuries to millennia and using annual timesteps that has had a hillslope focus. Our objective was to incorporate fluvial behaviour in LAPSUS without changing the existing model equations. The model should be able to reproduce alternating aggradation and incision in the floodplains of catchments, depending on simulated conditions. Testing was done using an artificial digital elevation model (DEM) and a demonstration of the ability for fluvial simulation was performed for a real landscape (Torrealvilla catchment, southeast Spain).Model equations to calculate sediment dynamics and water routing were similar for both hillslope and fluvial conditions, but different parameter values were used for these domains, defined based on annual discharge. Parameters changing between the domains are convergence factor p, which is used in the multiple flow algorithm to route water, and discharge and gradient exponents m and n, used in transport capacity calculations.Erodibility and ‘sedimentability’ factors K and P were changed between cold (little vegetation, high erodibility) and warm conditions (more vegetation, lower erodibility). Results show that the adapted parameters reproduced alternating aggradation – due to divergent flow in the floodplain and sediment supply under cold conditions – and incision due to reduced sediment supply and resulting clean water erosion during simulated warm conditions. The simulated results are due to interactions between hillslopes and floodplains, as the former provide the sediments that are deposited in the latter. Similar behaviour was demonstrated when using the real DEM. Sensitivity and resolution analysis showed that the model is sensitive to changes in m, n and p and that model behaviour is influenced by DEM resolution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrete maximum principle based on repair technique for diamond type scheme of diffusion problems
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yuan Guangwei , Li Yonghai , Sheng Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, two repair techniques are proposed for diamond schemes of anisotropic diffusion problems to ensure that the repaired solutions satisfy the discrete maximum principle. One of them is an extension of that in [Liska R, Shashkov M. Enforcing the discrete maximum principle for linear finite element solutions of second‐order elliptic problems. Communications in Computational Physics 2008; 3(4):852–877.] for linear finite element solutions, which is a local repair technique, and another is a new global repair technique. Both of them keep total energy conservation and are easy to be implemented in existing codes. Numerical examples show that these two repair techniques do not destroy the accuracy of solution for the diamond schemes on distorted meshes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the stability of neuropsychiatric sub‐syndromes with progression of dementia: a 2‐year prospective study
Authors: Bettney Laura , Butt Shameem , Morris Julie , Connolly Amanda , McCollum Charles , Burns Alistair , Purandare Nitin 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesPrevious studies have identified sub‐syndromes of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. But because of their cross‐sectional design, the stability of these sub‐syndromes over time remains unknown.MethodBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia of 84 participants (out of an original sample of 144 patients) with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia were assessed by using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory every six months for two years. Principal component factor analysis with Varimax rotation was used to detect neuropsychiatric sub‐syndromes at each time point.ResultsThe 12 symptoms were reduced to four factors at baseline, 12, 18, and 24 months and three factors at six months. None of the factor structures matched the four sub‐syndromes previously identified by studies. The most stable group of symptoms were a combination of “psychosis” and “hyperactivity” symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, irritability, agitation), which became stable at 18 months.ConclusionsThe pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia sub‐syndromes over time has not been studied before, and this research suggests that some stability is evident particularly during the later stages of the disease process. These findings have implications for patients and their caregiver. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.