bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To evaluate the hematological markers in patients having nutritional anemia attending National Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital of Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Khajuria Atul , Rajput Vipul Kumar , Sehrawat Raju 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nutritional anemia is the most common preventable cause of anemia. Anemia of nutritional origin is an acquired problem caused by consumption of diets that lack sufficient quantity of vitamin B12 levels and serum iron and other components. As per World Health Organization guidelines, hemoglobin (Hb) of <10 g/dL concentration treated as anemia. Nutritional anemia is identified by determining Hb concentrations, evaluating red cell indices and examining peripheral blood picture accompanying serum iron parameters and serum vitamin B12 level.

Objectives:
To study complete blood count indices with different serum vitamin B12 levels and serum iron profile among nutritional anemia patients attending NIMS Hospital, Jaipur.

Materials and Methods:
An observation study was conducted among 274 patients having nutritional anemia from General medicine out patients between 15 and 60 years. Two blood samples were collected from each participant to estimate the complete blood counts and red blood cells (RBCs) morphology and to analyze the iron profile and vitamin B12.

Results:
This presence study shows nutritional anemia in 55% of women than men. 15.6% of patients were from age group 15–20 years. 56.57% patients had moderate anemia, 29.92% patients had severe anemia, and 13.56% patients had mild anemia. Study shows 55% population were nonvegetarians and 45% had vegetarian diet. Microcytic hypochromic blood picture was found in 59.49% patients.

Conclusions:
Nutritional deficiency anemia was the most prevalent anemia. Peripheral smear is in concordance with serum iron parameters and serum vitamin B12 level. Our study suggests RBC morphology along with red cell indices in diagnosis and management of nutritional anemia which can be cured by dietary adjustment and fortification of food with iron and other micronutrients.
Prevalence of megaloblastic anemia in patients at NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Khajuria Atul , Das Rakesh , Sehrawat Raju , Verma Mahendra K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Anemia is defined operationally as a reduction in the hemoglobin content of blood that can be caused by a decrease in red blood corpuscles, hemoglobin, and hematocrit below the reference interval for healthy individuals of similar age, sex, and race under similar environmental conditions. Megaloblastic anemia is a condition, in which the bone marrow produces unusually large, structurally abnormal, and immature red blood cell. World Health Organization identifies anemia as the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world and a serious health concern among pregnant women. The 2011 estimates suggest that anemia affects around 800 million children and women all over the world, including 273 million children, 496 million non-pregnant women, and 32 million pregnant women.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of megaloblastic anemia in patients at NIMS Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Materials and Methods:
Blood was collected and investigations are done on Elite 580.

Results:
Male patients were more likely than female individuals to have megaloblastic anemia. Only 62 patients were female, with 210 patients being men. Male patients made up 77.21% of the prevalence, while female patients made up 22.79%. Megaloblastic anemia is more common in people between the ages of 41 and 50, both in male and female patients. Between the ages of 41 and 50, there were 144 male patients and 35 female patients overall. According to their ages, the prevalence of mean ± standard deviation was 43.5 ± 15.6 years for male patients and 41.32 ± 6.53 years for female patients. Male patients with megaloblastic anemia had an average hemoglobin concentration of 9.990.94 g/dL, whereas female patients had one of 9.970.87 g/dL.

Conclusion:
Government of Rajasthan as well as Health Ministry of India should take appropriate action to control the megaloblastic anemia in patient. Megaloblastic anemia is a common anemia found in the rural parts of Jaipur. The present study helps physicians to take necessary steps to control it. Not only for physicians, it will also be helpful for the government authorities to take appropriate steps to prevent and control the megaloblastic anemia. Iron and vitamin B12 supplements should be given to the patients on right time to control megaloblastic anemia. A balanced diet should be taken to prevent it. Government should take steps to educate the peoples of Rajasthan by displaying posters, conducting educational dramas, etc., both in rural and in the urban parts of this state.
Relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in peripheral blood and prognosis after castration therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Wu Hao , Gong Mancheng , Yuan Runqiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in peripheral blood and prognosis after castration therapy for prostate cancer remains unclear.

Methods:
A total of 186 patients with prostate cancer treated between January 2018 and March 2021 were selected as the study subjects. All patients underwent castration therapy. Patient follow-up records for 2 years were examined to assess progression-free survival. NLR, PLR, and PSA levels were measured in the participants’ blood. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting the occurrence of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to analyze progression-free survival, and ROC curves were plotted to assess the predictive value of NLR and PLR for progression-free survival.

Results:
In the stable group, NLR, PLR, PSA levels, bone metastasis ratio, and Gleason score ≥8 were significantly lower than in the progression group. T3 stage, N0 stage, and M0 stage were significantly higher in the progression group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). NLR, PLR, and PSA levels were all significantly linearly correlated (P < 0.05). High NLR, high PLR, high PSA, high bone metastasis, Gleason score <8, T3 stage, and N0 stage were independent risk factors for poor prognosis after castration therapy for prostate cancer, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Patients with low NLR had significantly better progression-free survival than the high NLR group, and patients with low PLR had significantly better progression-free survival than the high PLR group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The area under the curve for NLR and PLR in predicting progression-free survival after castration therapy for prostate cancer was both greater than 0.90, indicating high clinical utility.

Conclusion:
Peripheral blood NLR and PLR after castration therapy for prostate cancer are highly correlated with patient prognosis quality and can serve as important potential indicators for predicting patient prognosis quality.
Cross-sectional Study Shows an Association between Paediatric Lichen Planus and Dyslipidemia
Authors: Mahajan Rahul , Raj Dinesh , De Dipankar , Handa Sanjeev 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Few studies have shown an association between adult lichen planus and dyslipidemia, but none has shown an association with the pediatric population. We planned to study the association between pediatric lichen planus and metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methodology:
This is a single-centre, cross-sectional, case-control study from July 2018 to December 2019 at a tertiary care institute. Twenty children in the age group of 6–16 years, diagnosed as cases of childhood/adolescent lichen planus, and 40 age- and sex-matched controls were included in this study and evaluated for metabolic syndrome.
Patients' anthropometry including weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) was recorded. Blood samples were sent for the measurement of fasting plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.

Results:
The mean HDL was found to be significantly lower in children with lichen planus compared to children without lichen planus (p = 0.012), although there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of patients having deranged HDL levels between the groups (p = 0.326). Children with lichen planus had a higher prevalence of central obesity, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.101). There was no significant difference between mean BMI, hypertension, triglyceride, LDL, and fasting blood sugar values between the groups. Using the logistic regression analysis model, it was found that the strongest independent variable that impacts the occurrence of lichen planus was an HDL value less than 40 mg/dl (p = 0.017; OR 1.02 to 1.29).

Conclusions and Relevance:
This study shows an association between paediatric lichen planus and dyslipidemia.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Sub-clinical Atherosclerosis in Patients of Psoriasis Independent of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Deoghare Shreya , Talanikar Hemant , Deora Mahendra S. , Kothari Rohit , Sharma Yugal K. , Dalve Kalyan , Kapoor Asmita , Patil Aishwarya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
A sustained inflammatory state of psoriasis causes comorbidities such as psoriatic arthritis, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease.

Aims:
To note the duration and severity of psoriasis, assess prevalence of MetS, and correlate these with indicators of sub-clinical atherosclerosis.

Methodology:
Thirty-two patients of chronic plaque psoriasis were enrolled in the study. Their demographic particulars, clinical details, results of investigations to assess MetS, and indicators of sub-clinical atherosclerosis, namely, carotid intimal media thickness (CIMT) measured using B-mode USG and epicardial fat thickness (EFT) using 2-D ECHO, were recorded.

Results:
The study participants were predominantly male (2.5:1); their mean age was 40.45 ± 12.42 years, the median disease duration (DD) was 2 years, and the mean psoriatic area severity index (PASI) score was 8.62 ± 7.49. Mild disease (PASI <5) was present in 12 participants (37.5%), and shorter DD (<5 years) was present in 16 (50%) participants. MetS, detected in 11 (37.5%) study participants, was not significantly associated with CIMT, EFT, DD, and PASI. CIMT and EFT too did not correlate significantly with DD, PASI, or measures of MetS. Neither did there exist any significant correlation between CIMT and EFT.

Conclusion:
Sub-clinical atherosclerosis in our study participants was not significantly associated with either measures of MetS or duration/severity of psoriasis.
Curcuma Longa in the Treatment of Symptomatic oral lichen planus
Authors: Khaitan Tanya , Vishal  , Kabiraj Arpita , Sinha Dharmendra Kumar , Ranjan Rajeev , Singh Rakhi 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Oxidative stress has been suggested as pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP), implicating the vital role of antioxidants in its treatment. Curcumin, naturally found in turmeric has potent antioxidant and inflammatory properties and can be useful in reducing spread and subsiding burning and pain sensation in patients with OLP. The present study was done to evaluate the role of curcumin in the treatment of symptomatic OLP compared with the control group.

Materials and Method:
A total of 40 patients with symptomatic OLP were divided into 2 groups of 20 subjects each. Group A was treated with curcumin oral gel and a multivitamin capsule containing zinc, whereas Group B was given multivitamin containing zinc only. Patients were followed-up twice, that is, after 1 month and 3 months. A modified REU (reticulation/keratosis, erythema and ulceration) score for spread and Visual analogue scale for pain/burning sensation was used and the difference of score was calculated by t test.

Results:
During F1 period, 0.61 (Group A) and 0.19 (Group B) points improvement and in F2 period, the REU score further increased significantly to 1.36 (Group A) and 0.43 (Group B), respectively. The mean score reduction in Visual analogue scale during F1 period was 1.71 and 0.71, which further increased significantly to 2.88 and 1.24 during F2 period in Groups A and B, respectively.

Conclusion:
Curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric is commercially available in gel form to treat different oral lesions and significantly effective in reducing spread and providing symptomatic relief in OLP without any adverse effects.
A Clinico Epidemiological Study of Adverse Cutaneous Manifestations on Using Personal Protective Equipment Among Health Care Workers During Covid Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Malathy Priyavathani A. , Daniel Samuel J. , Venkatesan S , Priya B Yuva 
Published: May 2024

Background:
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic was caused by a novel coronavirus. The frontline health care workers (HCW), wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for a longer duration can result in a spectrum of adverse skin reactions. Recognizing occupationally induced adverse skin manifestations from PPE is necessary to avoid skin damage and risk of infections and to maintain compliance.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics of adverse cutaneous manifestations due to PPE, and also the contributing epidemiological factors among HCW in a tertiary care institute.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one month. Four hundred fifteen health care workers who used PPE continuously for >4 hours voluntarily participated in this study. By using a self-administered online questionnaire, the information and clinical photographs were collected.

Results:
The prevalence of adverse skin manifestations was 62.1% (258). The prevalence was more common in females. Mask-related facial skin problems were most commonly reported. Of 74 participants with pre-existing acne lesions, 35 (8.4%) reported acne flare-ups after using PPE. Increased sweating (22.6%) and itching (11%) were the most commonly noted symptoms.

Conclusion:
This study provides an insight into the prevalence of adverse skin reactions due to prolonged PPE usages, such as N95 masks and latex gloves in particular. Hence dermatological screening of HCW at regular intervals is inevitable to facilitate early management and prevent inadvertent protocol breaches. Further, it proposes the importance of raising proper safety measures to effectively reduce the COVID positivity rate among HCW by minimizing and preventing occupationally induced dermatosis.
Applying the Student Response System in the Online Dermatologic Video Curriculum on Medical Students' Interaction and Learning Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hung Chih-Tsung , Fang Shao-An , Liu Feng-Cheng , Hsu Chih-Hsiung , Yu Ting-Yu , Wang Wei-Ming 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted medical education worldwide. Online lecture is increasingly prevalent in higher education, but students' completion rate is quite low.

Aims:
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the student response system (SRS) in the online dermatologic video curriculum on medical students.

Methods:
A prospective study was conducted on 176 undergraduate fourth-year medical students. The online video lecture was integrated with SRS.

Results:
A total of 173 students completed the pre-test, and the attendance rate (pre-test/total) was 98.3%. A total of 142 students completed the post-test, and the completion rate (post-test/pre-test) was 82.8%. The post-test score (83.69 ± 4.34) was found to be significantly higher than that of the pre-test (62.69 ± 6.08, P =0.0002). A total of 138 students completed the questionnaire, and 92% of students opined that SRS was easy to operate. 86% of students agreed with the fact that the use of SRS could increase their learning performance by interacting with teachers. In the open-ended question, students stated that SRS offered opportunities for student–faculty interaction, allowed them to get immediate feedback, and promote active participation.

Conclusions:
These results highlight that the integration of SRS in the online video curriculum increases students' completion rates and learning outcomes. Moreover, the SRS is easy to operate for the students and enhances student–faculty interaction. The SRS may be adopted in online learning during this challenging time.
Identification of Two Novel Frameshift Mutations of the ADAR1 Gene in Two Chinese Families With Dyschromatosis Symmetrica Hereditaria
Authors: Ning Xiaoying , Xiao Shengxiang , Zhang Yanfei 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disease. The mutation of the ADAR1 gene is the pathogenesis of this disorder.

Aims:
This study aimed to identify the mutations of the ADAR1 gene in two Chinese families with DSH.

Methods and Materials:
Eight patients from two Chinese families were diagnosed with DSH clinically. Blood samples were collected from the patients and unaffected individuals. Sanger sequencing for all polymerase chain reaction products of the whole coding regions of the ADAR1 gene was performed to identify the mutations. Mutation Taster software was used to predict the impact of the variant on the resultant protein.

Results:
The c.3358-3359insT (p.L1053fs-1092X) mutation in exon 12 was found in affected members of the pedigree1. In pedigree2, the c.3820-3821insG (p.G1207fs-1213X) mutation in exon 15 was found. These two mutations were not found in 100 unrelated healthy people. In this study, both mutations were damaged by the Mutation Taster software.

Conclusions:
We identified two novel frameshift mutations in the ADAR1 gene. Our study expands the database of ADAR1 gene mutations in DSH.
Patterns and Trends of Tribal Leprosy
Authors: Sarkar Somenath , Sarkar Tanusree , Patra Aparesh C. , Ghosh Arghyaprasun , Gorai Hirak , Mondal Soumyadeep 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease mainly affecting the peripheral nerves and skin. Any communities including the tribals are susceptible to leprosy. Very few studies on clinico-epidemiological patterns of leprosy have been reported in the tribal population, especially in the Choto Nagpur plateau.

Aims:
To observe clinical types of newly diagnosed leprosy cases among the tribal population and demonstrate bacteriological index, frequency of deformity, and lepra reaction at presentation.

Methods:
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive newly diagnosed tribal leprosy patients attending the leprosy clinic of a tribal-based tertiary care center of Choto Nagpur plateau of eastern India, from January 2015 to December 2019. Thorough history taking and clinical examination were done. A slit skin smear for AFB was performed to demonstrate the bacteriological index.

Results:
There was a steady rise in total leprosy cases from 2015 to 2019. Borderline tuberculoid (BT) was the commonest form of leprosy (64.83%). Pure neuritic leprosy was not uncommon (16.26%). Multibacillary leprosy was noted in 74.72% of cases and childhood leprosy was observed in 6.70% of cases. The commonest nerve involved was the ulnar nerve. Garde II deformity was noted in around 20% of cases. AFB positivity was observed in 13.73% of cases. A high bacteriological index (BI ≥3) was noted in 10.65% of cases. Lepra reaction was observed in 25.38% of cases.

Conclusion:
BT leprosy, pure neuritic leprosy, childhood leprosy, grade II deformity, and higher AFB positivity were prevalent in this study. The tribal population required special attention and care for the prevention of leprosy amongst them.
Serum Irisin
Authors: Tang Lin , Yu Bei , Liao Yongmei , Long Siqi , Yan Haoxiang , He Qingqing , Li Changqiang 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Many factors are involved in the occurrence of acne. It has been confirmed that some adipokines play an important role in the development of AV. Irisin is a novel adipokine, which is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, liver, and fat. It improves insulin resistance (IR) by inducing the browning of white adipose tissue, increasing heat production and energy expenditure.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of serum irisin as an adipokine to explore its function in the pathogenesis of AV and its correlation with IR, and whether it can be used as a potential biomarker of insulin sensitivity. Although the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp remains the gold standard for accurate determination of IR, it cannot be performed routinely. Various alternative simpler measures have been used, the most common being homeostasis model assessment. However, these metrics are limited by their accuracy, cost, and blood collection requirements.[1] Therefore, an effective and feasible serum biomarker is an attractive and relatively straightforward method, which may provide clinicians with a more accurate and simple method for the prediction and diagnosis of IR. IR can often be detected before other symptoms appear, so establishing an early diagnosis method will allow for the appropriate treatment of patients before the disease develops.

Patients and Methods:
The study included 171 subjects; 115 patients with newly diagnosed AV and 56 apparently healthy subjects. The contents of irisin and interleukin-1 alpha in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IR index was calculated by the homeostasis model.

Results:
Serum irisin levels in AV patients and control group were (24.0 ± 11.3) and (104.3 ± 27.0) ng/dl, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.001). Serum irisin was negatively correlated with IR (r = −0.711, P 0.001). The sensitivity of irisin was 100.0%, the specificity was 92.8%, and the cutoff point was 53.32. The decrease of serum irisin level could predict the patients with IR in acne.

Conclusion:
Serum irisin levels in AV patients were significantly decreased. Serum irisin showed acceptable performance criteria in the diagnosis of AV with IR. Serum irisin seems to be a good diagnostic and prognostic marker for IR. Further multi-center studies are needed to confirm this link, which could pave the way for new treatment options.