bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of AZD9567 vs. prednisolone on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from a phase 2a clinical trial
Authors: Ambery Philip , Zajac Grzegorz , Almquist Joachim , Prothon Susanne , Astbury Carol , Brown Mary N. , Nemes Szilard , Nsabimana Joselyne , Edman Karl , Öberg Lisa , Lepistö Matti , Edenro Goran , Dillmann Inken , Mitra Suman , Belfield Graham , Keen Christina , Heise Tim 
Published: May 2024

AimsCorticosteroids are the treatment of choice for many inflammatory diseases but often lead to adverse effects, including hyperglycaemia. This study investigated the mechanisms driving differential effects on glucose control for AZD9567, an oral nonsteroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator vs. prednisolone in 46 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, 2‐way cross‐over study (NCT04556760), participants received either AZD9567 72 mg and prednisolone 40 mg daily (cohort 1); AZD9567 40 mg and prednisolone 20 mg daily (cohort 2); or placebo and prednisolone 5 mg daily (cohort 3). Treatment duration was 3 days with a 3‐week washout between treatment periods. Glycaemic control was assessed after a standardized meal and with continuous glucose monitoring.ResultsA significant difference between AZD9567 and prednisolone in favour of AZD9567 was observed for the change from baseline to Day 4 glucose excursions postmeal in cohort 1 (glucose area under the curve from 0 to 4 h −4.54%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −8.88, −0.01; P = .049), but not in cohort 2 (−5.77%; 95% CI: −20.92, 12.29; P = .435). In cohort 1, significant differences between AZD9567 and prednisolone were also seen for the change from baseline to day 4 in insulin and glucagon secretion postmeal (P < .001 and P = .005, respectively) and change from baseline to Day 4 in GLP‐1 response (P = .022). Significant differences between AZD9567 and prednisolone for 24‐h glucose control were observed for both cohort 1 (−1.507 mmol/L; 95% CI: −2.0820, −0.9314; P < .001) and cohort 2 (−1.110 mmol/L; 95% CI −1.7257, −0.4941; P < .001).ConclusionAZD9567 significantly reduced treatment‐induced hyperglycaemia compared with prednisolone.
Risk factors for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia after kidney transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheng Bingjie , Qi Chang , Zhang Senlin , Wang Xiaowen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and objectivePneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), an opportunistic infection, often leads to an increase in hospitalization time and mortality rates in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. However, the risk factors associated with PJP in KT recipients remain debatable. Therefore, we conducted this meta‐analysis to identify risk factors for PJP, which could potentially help to reduce PJP incidence and improve outcome of KT recipients.MethodsWe systematically retrieved relevant studies in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to November 2023. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the impact of potential risk factors on the occurrence of PJP.Results27 studies including 42383 KT recipients were included. In this meta‐analysis, age at transplantation (MD = 3.48; 95% CI = .56–6.41; p = .02), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (OR = 4.00; 95% CI = 2.53–6.32; p = .001), BK viremia (OR = 3.38; 95% CI = 1.70–6.71; p = .001), acute rejection (OR = 3.66; 95% CI = 2.44–5.49; p = .001), ABO‐incompatibility (OR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.57–4.01; p = .001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (MD = ‐14.52; 95% CI = ‐25.37– (‐3.67); p = .009), lymphocyte count (MD = ‐.54; 95% CI = ‐.92– (‐.16); p = .006) and anti‐PJP prophylaxis (OR = .53; 95% CI = .28–.98; p = .04) were significantly associated with PJP occurrence.ConclusionOur findings suggest that transplantation age greater than 50 years old, CMV infection, BK viremia, acute rejection, ABO‐incompatibility, decreased eGFR and lymphopenia were risk factors for PJP.
TMAD enters the toolbox for evaluating selected heart transplant patients
Authors: Kerkhof Peter L. M. , Cecere Annagrazia , Tona Francesco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdaptation of the heart is often a blessing for the patient, but sometimes a diagnostic challenge for the responsible physician. The clinical difficulty may be enhanced when employing diagnostic tools that are hard to interpret. Ratio‐based metrics are notorious in this respect, and particularly risky in the follow‐up evaluation of heart transplant patients. However, measures expressed as physical units contribute to a comprehensive clinical evaluation and guide proper patient management.
Don't blame me! Politicians' accountability and electoral response when powers are shared
Authors: Monterosa Iacopo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper examines if politicians react to events they cannot control to avoid political blame and if voters hold politicians accountable for functions beyond their office. I focus on the response of mayors and voters to a farmland tax implemented by the Italian central government. I investigate how the municipalities affected by the new policy adjust to it and study if the election odds of the incumbent mayor's party in towns subject to the tax are affected. Mayors increase spending in municipalities where the tax is implemented. Average spending grows by 1.38 euro (about a 1% increase) and it is financed by increased borrowing which expands by 0.64 euro per capita, on average. Voters do not seem to punish the local incumbent for a policy decided by the national government. Two factors may have contributed to offsetting the electoral impact. The first is greater spending in those municipalities where the incumbent is on the ballot. The second is a media account of the policy which was factual and not biased against the local incumbent. Overall, these findings suggest politicians react to policies that are fully out of their hands, potentially to avoid electoral punishment.
Oral health statuses of individuals diagnosed with gastroparesis: A Cross‐Section study
Authors: Nieto Valerie , VanDuine Stefanie , Peltz Kristin , Rulli Danielle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundGastroparesis (GP) is a debilitating gastric motility disorder associated with digestive dysfunction, reduced quality of life (QoL), and increased mortality rates. There is no known cure for GP and treatment options are limited. The oral cavity is responsible for initiating digestion, yet the impact of GP symptom frequency on oral health status and oral healthcare utilization is not well understood.MethodsA 21‐item electronic survey was developed and disseminated to a private GP social media forum. Survey questions explored GP symptom frequency, oral health status, dental care utilization, and oral health education post GP diagnosis. Descriptive and inferential statistics analysed data.Key ResultsThere were 434 study participants. An overwhelming 83% reported GP negatively influenced their oral health and oral function. Significance was observed between GP symptom frequency and oral health status (p = <0.0001). The majority (81%) reported receiving dental care post GP diagnosis, yet (63%) reported current untreated dental concerns. Interestingly, (74%) of participants reported that they have never been educated about oral health risks associated with GP by any healthcare professionals.ConclusionsGP negatively affects oral health. Study participants reported a need for extensive dental treatments and high levels of untreated dental concerns. Results strongly support that preventive oral healthcare and education must be provided for individuals with a GP diagnosis. As leading oral disease prevention specialists, dental hygienists must be aware of the effects of GP on the oral cavity to help provide person‐centred evidence‐based care, improve digestive processes, and increase QoL for GP sufferers.
The impact of early withdrawal on superannuation balance at retirement: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Kapoor Utkarsh , Tajaddini Reza , Moradi‐Motlagh Amir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effect of the early tax‐free release of the superannuation (ERS), which was introduced as a financial stimulus to counter the economic havoc created by the COVID‐19 pandemic, on Australians' superannuation retirement balances. By considering 2800 scenarios based on individuals' working industries, age, withdrawal amounts, and asset allocation strategies, we find that individuals with non‐aggressive asset allocation strategies may struggle to reach the minimum required superannuation balance for a comfortable lifestyle in retirement if they opt‐in for the ERS. This impact is more evident for individuals employed in certain industries such as accommodation and food, and retail trade.
The Cerrado through cacti
Authors: Köhler Matias , Romeiro‐Brito Monique , Telhe Milena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCerrado is a large and heterogeneous ecoregion in the Neotropics marked by the fire‐prone savanna vegetation, to which succulent lineages are usually not associated due to this adverse condition. However, recent studies have highlighted the importance of Cerrado as an ancestral range for the origin, dispersal and in situ diversification of remarkable lineages of South American cacti. In this perspective, we explore the implications of these occurrences in the Cerrado, shedding light on a frequently overlooked aspect of this ecoregion—the role of scattered rocky outcrop habitats acting as micro‐refuges for fire‐sensitive lineages. We show that most cacti occurrences are associated with patches of rock outcrops across the Cerrado. In contrast, when terricolous, a few disparate and not closely related species can develop underground structures or present a specialized habit that facilitates their presence as a putative response to fire—reinforcing the evolutionary lability of fire adaptation in Cerrado lineages. Despite some notable endemisms, several occurrences are from species with core distributions in adjacent ecoregions (e.g. Caatinga and Chaco), demonstrating the permeability of Cerrado, which can act concomitantly as a biogeographical barrier (especially due to its fire‐prone habitats) and as a corridor for biota interchange. Finally, we stress that Cerrado heterogeneity, often leading to different circumscriptions, is a relevant issue when studying and characterizing Neotropical biota, which must be further explored and considered to assess the evolutionary assembly of the biomes involved.
Switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed patient with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Nam Heechul , Han Ji Won , Lee Soon Kyu , Yang Hyun , Lee Hae Lim , Sung Pil Soo , Song Myeong Jun , Kwon Jung Hyun , Jang Jeong Won , Chang U‐Im , Kim Chang Wook , Nam Soon Woo , Bae Si Hyun , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew , Yang Jin Mo , Kim Hee Yeon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimOur study evaluated the outcomes of switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We assessed viral and biochemical responses as well as changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and bone mineral density (BMD).MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study included CHB patients who achieved virologic response (VR) (HBV DNA < 20 IU/mL) while on TDF and were subsequently switched to TAF between April 2018 and October 2021.ResultsThis study included 309 patients with a median age of 59 years, and 42.1% were male. The mean duration of TDF and TAF administration were 54.0 and 37.5 months, respectively. All patients maintained VR after switching to TAF. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization rate significantly increased 6 months after switching (74.8%–83.5%; P = 0.008). Adjusted eGFR significantly improved at 6 months (+5.55 ± 10.52 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.001) and 12 months (+6.02 ± 10.70 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.001) after switching. In the subgroup of patients with renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), significant improvement in renal function was observed at 6 months (+0.6 ± 10.5 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.001) and 12 months (+1.0 ± 10.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.001) after switching to TAF. In patients with osteoporosis (n = 182), switching to TAF resulted in significant improvement in spine and hip BMD at 12 months, with increases of 9.7% (95% CI: 7.0–12.5) and 9.4% (95% CI: 7.0–11.8), respectively.ConclusionIn this real‐world study, switching to TAF was effective and safe in patients, with notable improvements in ALT levels, renal function, and BMD.
Recognising the importance and impact of Imaging Scientists: Global guidelines for establishing career paths within core facilities
Authors: Wright Graham D. , Thompson Kerry A. , Reis Yara , Bischof Johanna , Hockberger Philip Edward , Itano Michelle S. , Yen Lisa , Adelodun Stephen Taiye , Bialy Nikki , Brown Claire M. , Chaabane Linda , Chew Teng‐Leong , Chitty Andrew I. , Cordelières Fabrice P. , De Niz Mariana , Ellenberg Jan , Engelbrecht Lize , Fabian‐Morales Eunice , Fazeli Elnaz , Fernandez‐Rodriguez Julia , Ferrando‐May Elisa , Fletcher Georgina , Galloway Graham John , Guerrero Adan , Guimarães Jander Matos , Jacobs Caron A. , Jayasinghe Sachintha , Kable Eleanor , Kitten Gregory T , Komoto Shinya , Ma Xiaoxiao , Marques Jéssica Araújo , Millis Bryan A. , Miranda Kildare , JohnO'Toole Peter , Olatunji Sunday Yinka , Paina Federica , Pollak Cora Noemi , Prats Clara , Pylvänäinen Joanna W. , Rahmoon Mai Atef , Reiche Michael A. , Riches James Douglas , Rossi Andres Hugo , Salamero Jean , Thiriet Caroline , Terjung Stefan , Vasconcelos Aldenora dos Santos , Keppler Antje 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the dynamic landscape of scientific research, imaging core facilities are vital hubs propelling collaboration and innovation at the technology development and dissemination frontier. Here, we present a collaborative effort led by Global BioImaging (GBI), introducing international recommendations geared towards elevating the careers of Imaging Scientists in core facilities. Despite the critical role of Imaging Scientists in modern research ecosystems, challenges persist in recognising their value, aligning performance metrics and providing avenues for career progression and job security. The challenges encompass a mismatch between classic academic career paths and service‐oriented roles, resulting in a lack of understanding regarding the value and impact of Imaging Scientists and core facilities and how to evaluate them properly. They further include challenges around sustainability, dedicated training opportunities and the recruitment and retention of talent. Structured across these interrelated sections, the recommendations within this publication aim to propose globally applicable solutions to navigate these challenges. These recommendations apply equally to colleagues working in other core facilities and research institutions through which access to technologies is facilitated and supported. This publication emphasises the pivotal role of Imaging Scientists in advancing research programs and presents a blueprint for fostering their career progression within institutions all around the world.
Comparative efficacy of telehealth interventions on promoting cancer screening: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Shu , Zhou Lin , Yi Li , Chen Xiaoli , Zhang Yun , Li Juejin , Zhang Yalin , Hu Xiaolin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer screening is a pivotal method for reducing mortality from disease, but the screening coverage is still lower than expected. Telehealth interventions demonstrated significant benefits in cancer care, yet there is currently no consensus on their impact on facilitating cancer screening or on the most effective remote technology.DesignA network meta‐analysis was conducted to detect the impact of telehealth interventions on cancer screening and to identify the most effective teletechnologies.MethodsSix English databases were searched from inception until July 2023 to yield relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two individual authors completed the literature selection, data extraction, and methodological evaluations using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Traditional pairwise analysis and network meta‐analysis were performed to identify the overall effects and compare different teletechnologies.ResultsThirty‐four eligible RCTs involving 131,644 participants were enrolled. Overall, telehealth interventions showed statistically significant effects on the improvement of cancer screening. Subgroup analyses revealed that telehealth interventions were most effective for breast and cervical cancer screening, and rural populations also experienced benefits, but there was no improvement in screening for older adults. The network meta‐analysis indicated that mobile applications, video plus telephone, and text message plus telephone were associated with more obvious improvements in screening than other teletechnologies.ConclusionOur study identified that telehealth interventions were effective for the completion of cancer screening and clarified the exact impact of telehealth on different cancer types, ages, and rural populations. Mobile applications, video plus telephone, and text message plus telephone are the three forms of teletechnologies most likely to improve cancer screening. More well‐designed RCTs involving direct comparisons of different teletechnologies are needed in the future.Clinical RelevanceTelehealth interventions should be encouraged to facilitate cancer screening, and the selection of the optimal teletechnology based on the characteristics of the population is also necessary.
Beyond probiotics, uses of their next‐generation for poultry and humans: A review
Authors: Salahi Ahmad , Abd El‐Ghany Wafaa A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe production of healthy food is one of the basic requirements and challenges. Research efforts have been introduced in the human's food industry to reduce the microbial resistance and use safe and healthy alternatives with a high durability. However, the conducted work about these issues in the field of livestock animal production have been started since 2015. Inappropriate and extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in the increase of antimicrobial resistance, presence of drug residues in tissues, and destruction of the gut microbiome. Therefore, discovering and developing antibiotic substitutes were urgent demands. Probiotic compounds containing living micro‐organisms are important antibiotic alternative that have been beneficially and extensively used in humans, animals, and poultry. However, some probiotics show some obstacles during production and applications. Accordingly, this review article proposes a comprehensive description of the next‐generation of probiotics including postbiotics, proteobiotics, psychobiotics, immunobiotics and paraprobiotics and their effects on poultry production and human's therapy. These compounds proved great efficiency in terms of restoring gut health, improving performance and general health conditions, modulating the immune response and reducing the pathogenic micro‐organisms. However, more future research work should be carried out regarding this issue.
Transport of glycinin, the major soybean allergen, across intestinal epithelial IPEC‐J2 cell monolayers
Authors: Zheng Shugui , Zhao Yintong , Zheng Ziang , Liu Yajing , Liu Simiao , Han Junfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoybean allergen entering the body is the initial step to trigger intestinal allergic response. However, it remains unclear how glycinin, the major soybean allergen, is transported through the intestinal mucosal barrier. The objective of this study was to elucidate the pathway and mechanism of glycinin hydrolysates transport through the intestinal epithelial barrier using IPEC‐J2 cell model. Purified glycinin was digested by in vitro static digestion model. The pathway and mechanism of glycinin hydrolysates transport through intestinal epithelial cells were investigated by cellular transcytosis assay, cellular uptake assay, immunoelectron microscopy and endocytosis inhibition assay. The glycinin hydrolysates were transported across IPEC‐J2 cell monolayers in a time/dose‐dependent manner following the Michaelis equation. Immunoelectron microscopy showed a number of glycinin hydrolysates appeared in the cytoplasm, but no glycinin hydrolysates were observed in the intercellular space of IPEC‐J2 cells. The inhibitors, colchicine, chlorpromazine and methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, significantly inhibited the cellular uptake of glycinin hydrolysates. The glycinin hydrolysates crossed IPEC‐J2 cell monolayers through the transcellular pathway. Both clathrin‐ and caveolae‐dependent endocytosis were involved in the epithelial uptake of the hydrolysates. These findings provided potential targets for the prevention and treatment of soybean allergy.
Comparative impact of replacing fish meal with azolla on growth, water quality, and physiology of red tilapia fingerlings at varying salinities
Authors: Sallam Ghada R. , Helal Amr M. , Mabrouk Hafez A. H. , Hermina Andrew H. F. G. , Habib Yusuf J. , Fayed Walied M. , Dossou Serge , El Basuini Mohammed F. , Shehata Akram I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 210‐day experiment to assess the efficacy of substituting azolla plant powder at levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60% for fish meal on red tilapia fingerlings (RTF, initial weight of 18.23 ± 0.12 g) performance under salinity levels of 5, 18, and 28ppt. Among the various conditions, RTF‐fed 20% azolla at 28 and 5ppt salinity showcased the highest specific growth rate (SGR), whereas the lowest SGR was observed in fish‐fed 60% azolla at 5ppt salinity. Upon azolla incorporation, noteworthy elevations in phytoplankton, zooplankton, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, NH3, and NO3 were noted and conversely, azolla introduction led to decreased NH4 and NO2 concentrations in all salinity levels. Further, a significant (p < 0.05) interaction between azolla levels and water salinity (S×A) significantly impacted the hematological parameters of RTF. The highest levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total protein (TP) were found in RTF‐fed 20% azolla at 28ppt salinity, while the lowest CAT and TP levels occurred in RTF‐fed 60% azolla at 5ppt salinity. The highest aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were recorded in the RTF group fed 60% azolla at 5ppt salinity, with the lowest values seen in the group given 20% azolla at 28ppt salinity. RTF fed a 20% azolla diet at 18ppt salinity exhibited the highest lysozyme value, in contrast to the lowest value observed in the RTF group fed the control diet at 18ppt salinity. In conclusion, this study recommends the utilization of azolla at inclusion levels ranging from 20 to 40%, as it has the potential to notably enhance the immune system and elevate the survival rate of RTF.