bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review and outlook on reinforcement learning: Its application in agricultural energy internet
Authors: Fu Xueqian , Zhang Jing , Bai Xiang , Chang Xinyue , Xue Yixun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAgricultural Energy Internet (AEI), representing a key evolutionary direction in the integrated energy landscape of rural regions, holds a vital position in advancing the electrification of agricultural sectors. However, the disjointed control between agricultural loads and grid operations hinders the collaborative development of agriculture and energy. Addressing these issues, this paper investigates the current applications of artificial intelligence in the fields of agriculture and energy. The authors examine the evolutionary path of AEI, particularly emphasizing the critical technologies emerging from the intersection of agriculture, energy, and digital networks. Furthermore, the authors examine the critical technologies of reinforcement learning in the context of smart grid applications. In response to the challenges posed by low energy efficiency in rural areas, a reinforcement learning framework is proposed for coordinating fisheries, agriculture, livestock farming, and rural distribution networks. This framework provides a clear pathway for the application of reinforcement learning in AEI. This research acts as a conduit, merging agricultural and energy domains to promote a cohesive progression that markedly aids in the enhancement of rural electrification and the adoption of sustainable energy methodologies through reinforcement learning.
Artificial Intelligence in Drug Identification and Validation: A
Scoping Review
Authors: Abubakar Mukhtar Lawal , Kapoor Neha , Sharma Asha , Gambhir Lokesh , Jasuja Nakuleshwar Dutt , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe end-to-end process in the discovery of drugs involves therapeutic candidate
identification, validation of identified targets, identification of hit compound
series, lead identification and optimization, characterization, and formulation
and development. The process is lengthy, expensive, tedious, and inefficient,
with a large attrition rate for novel drug discovery. Today, the pharmaceutical
industry is focused on improving the drug discovery process. Finding and
selecting acceptable drug candidates effectively can significantly impact the
price and profitability of new medications. Aside from the cost, there is a need
to reduce the end-to-end process time, limiting the number of experiments at
various stages. To achieve this, artificial intelligence (AI) has been utilized
at various stages of drug discovery. The present study aims to identify the
recent work that has developed AI-based models at various stages of drug
discovery, identify the stages that need more concern, present the taxonomy of
AI methods in drug discovery, and provide research opportunities. From January
2016 to September 1, 2023, the study identified all publications that were cited
in the electronic databases including Scopus, NCBI PubMed, MEDLINE, Anthropology
Plus, Embase, APA PsycInfo, SOCIndex, and CINAHL. Utilising a standardized form,
data were extracted, and presented possible research prospects based on the
analysis of the extracted data.
The Microbiology of Knee Prosthetic Joint Infection and its Influence on Persistent Infection
Authors: Putnis Sven E. , Klasan Antonio , Bott Brendan , Ridley William , Hudson Bernard , Coolican Myles R.J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a severe complication causing a significant burden. The study aims were to establish the epidemiology of microorganisms in TKA PJI, the rate of persistent infection requiring further surgery, and the risk factors for this. Microbiological specimens between June 2002 and March 2017 at five regional hospital sites were identified with revision TKA procedures in the National Joint Replacement Registry. The time between procedures, type of revision strategy, and any subsequent further revision operations were collected. At minimum 2-year follow-up, 174 revision TKA were identified, with a mean patient age of 69 ± 11 years. A broad range of pathogens were identified. Fifty cases (29%) had persistent infection requiring at least one further operative procedure, 13 cases required 3 or more. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CNS) was seen most with failed surgery, polymicrobial infections also posing a significant risk factor. The best chance of a successful PJI surgical strategy was < 12 months from primary TKA, with the greatest risk between 3 and 5 years (p < 0.05). Younger age significantly increased the risk of further surgery (p < 0.05). Management varied; 103 (59%) debridement, antibiotic therapy and implant retention, with further surgery in 29%; 45 (17%) single-stage revision, with further surgery in 13%; and 26 (15%) two-stage revision, with further surgery in 12%. This study presents the most common causative pathogens for PJI in TKA, and the high rate of persistent infection after initial revision surgery. Risk factors for persistent infection and further revision surgery were polymicrobial and CNS infections, patients who presented between 3 and 5 years following primary TKA, and younger age. This study therefore raises important risk factors and areas for future research to reduce the burden of multiple operations after PJI.
Cyclization via Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer/Radical-Polar Crossover
Authors: Shigehisa Hiroki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCatalytic transformations of alkenes via the metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) mechanism have notably advanced synthetic organic chemistry. This Account focuses on MHAT/radical-polar crossover (MHAT/RPC) conditions, offering a novel perspective on generating electrophilic intermediates and facilitating various intramolecular reactions. On using cobalt hydrides, the MHAT mechanism displays exceptional chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance, making it invaluable for the construction of complex biologically relevant molecules under mild conditions. Recent developments have enhanced regioselectivity and expanded the scope of MHAT-type reactions, enabling the formation of cyclic molecules via hydroalkoxylation, hydroacyloxylation, and hydroamination. Notably, the addition of an oxidant to traditional MHAT systems enables the synthesis of rare cationic alkylcobalt(IV) complexes, bridging radical mechanisms to ionic reaction systems. This Account culminates with examples of natural product syntheses and an exploration of asymmetric intramolecular hydroalkoxylations, highlighting the ongoing challenges and opportunities for future research to achieve higher enantioselectivity. This comprehensive study revisits the historical evolution of the MHAT mechanism and provides a groundwork for further innovations on the synthesis of structurally diverse and complex natural products.1	Introduction2	Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation and Hydroacyloxylation Reactions3	Intramolecular Hydroamination Reactions4	Intramolecular Hydroarylation Reactions5	Deprotective Cyclization6	Asymmetric Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation7	Conclusion
Evaluation of Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude Towards Management of Displaced Tooth from Socket (Avulsion) Amongst Nursing Fraternity in Mangaluru City: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shenoy Prithi , Rao Ajay , Sargod Sharan , Suvarna Reshma , Shabbir Afreen , Mahaveeran Shrivya Saloni , Manu Parvathy , Deepanjan Manisha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge, awareness, and attitude in the management of displaced tooth from socket (avulsion) amongst nursing fraternity in Mangaluru City.
Materials and Methods A 20-item questionnaire regarding knowledge, awareness toward management of avulsed tooth was administered to 150 nursing interns.
Results Among 150 participants, 47% demonstrated awareness of the storage media for an avulsed tooth. About half of the respondents did not know regarding handling of avulsed tooth. The majority of participants responded positively about attending workshop on dental trauma management.
Conclusion Given the frequent encounter with emergencies, it is imperative for nurses to possess sufficient knowledge regarding management of traumatic dental injuries.
Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia Secondary to Novel Variant in PRRT2: A Case Report
Authors: Altamirano Juan Manuel , López-Ortiz Eduardo , Armas-Salazar Armando , Salinas-Barboza Karla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParoxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is a movement disorder characterized by frequent, brief episodes of choreiform or dystonic movements, often triggered by voluntary movement or a startle sensation. Here, we report a case of PKD associated with a novel variant in PRRT2 gene. A 19-year-old male with no medical history presented with hyperkinetic movement disorder symptoms consistent with PKD. Clinical evaluation, laboratory studies, and genetic testing were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment with carbamazepine was initiated, and the patient's response was monitored over a 9-month period. The patient exhibited classic clinical criteria for PKD, including brief episode duration, an identified kinesigenic trigger, and responsiveness to pharmacological treatment. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic variant in PRRT2 gene not previously reported in association with PKD. Treatment with carbamazepine led to complete resolution of symptoms, with sustained improvement observed during follow-up. This case highlights the importance of considering PKD in the differential diagnosis of hyperkinetic movement disorders and emphasizes the role of genetic testing in confirming the diagnosis. Furthermore, it underscores the efficacy of carbamazepine in managing PKD symptoms associated with PRRT2 gene. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies for PKD.
A drop of light: an interactive new media art investigation of human-technology symbiosis
Authors: Ahmedien Diaa Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHuman-technology interactions have constantly exposed humans’ technologically mediated perception to a psychological paradox of two conflicting coupled states. The first supports human capabilities, whereas the second affects individuals’ self-perceptions. “A Drop of Light” is an interactive new media art investigation based on human-computer interaction. It seeks to reproduce this paradox by developing a computer-generated holographic spot. This spot acts as a responsive technological hypermedium with which participants interact, and their technologically mediated perceptions are embodied, expressed, and analyzed. By defining and applying three structural principles of an assumed technological embodiment model of human perception, a dialogue was established between the generated holographic spot and the participants to facilitate three levels of integration with the technological hypermedium. The project culminated in the creation of an empirical interactive installation performance employed as an experimental psychology lab. In this exhibition-based lab, the interaction zone embodied the performer’s hesitation mode. Her technological attitude and consequent responsive activities oscillated between technophilia and technophobia. These are two conflicting psychological states. By analyzing the interactions’ real-time-based processes, the role of the structural principles was validated. They were instrumental in developing the technologically mediated symbolic conversation between the performer and the hypermedium. Operationally, the principles equipped the conversation’s two parties to upgrade their mutual interactions toward a symbiotic coexistence in the installation’s ecosystem. Through this, the performer’s hesitation mode was reduced, and her balanced technological attitudes were validated. Within this context, the project emphasizes how interactive new media practices contribute. They help investigate participants’ technologically mediated experiences and behaviors. They also aid in the derivation of related quantitative and qualitative data in favor of human perception studies and related psychological inquiries.
Suzanne Labin: socialist, anti-communist and ‘Globalist’
Authors: Dubler Agnès 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article follows the transnational career of Suzanne Labin, a French socialist and anti-communist professional, in order to analyse the roles and agencies of individuals while the global connectivity of anti-communist actors was growing during the ‘long 1960s’ (approximately 1955–1980). Retrospective analysis, as well as accounts from contemporaries, describes this period as a time of multi-polarisation and globalisation. I will chart Labin’s path from anti-Stalinist circles in France to conservative circles in the US, to finally becoming the first and only female permanent member of the global anti-communist umbrella organisation, the World Anti-Communist League (WACL), chairing its French chapter in 1972. An analysis of Labin’s seemingly ambiguous alliances as a socialist with anti-communist and right-wing organisations will shed light on the particularities of international anti-communism during the ‘long 1960s’ on three levels. First, it will show the dynamics between anti-communist networks and actors on national, transatlantic and global levels, especially their contact points. Second, it will underline the diversity of anti-communism and its capacity to integrate several (even contradictory) ideologemes. Third, by following Labin’s global anti-communist engagement within the WACL and her cosmopolitan lifestyle, this article will argue that anti-communist actors were actively involved in the process of globalisation during the ‘long 1960s’.
Perforating characters of Zr-based bulk metallic glass fragment against thin steel target
Authors: Zhang Y. F. , Fang L. , Liu J. G. , Wei X. , Wu K. , Xu C. , Liu G. Q. 
Published: June 2024

To investigate the perforating characteristics of Zr-based bulk metallic glass fragments against thin steel target, ballistic experiments were carried out to measure ballistic the limit velocities of fragments perforating against different thicknesses of targets. The fragments were driven by a 57 mm one-stage light gas gun to impact the thin steel target. The numerical model of Zr-based bulk metallic glass fragments perforating against thin steel target was established using Autodyn2D commercial software, and the perforating process and perforating mechanism were analyzed by numerical simulation. The semi-empirical model to predict the ballistic limit velocity was fitted. An energy model for calculating the residual velocity of a fragment was derived based on the conservation of energy. The theoretical results of the semi-empirical model and the energy model are in good agreement with experiment results and simulation results. And the energy model has good applicability without fitting the parameters for different target thicknesses.
Spatial calibration of high-density absorption imaging
Authors: Vibel T , Christensen M B , Kristensen M A , Thuesen J J , Stokholm L N , Weidner C A , Arlt J J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The accurate determination of atom numbers is an ubiquitous problem in the field of ultracold atoms. For modest atom numbers, absolute calibration techniques are available, however, for large numbers and high densities, the available techniques neglect many-body scattering processes. Here, a spatial calibration technique for time-of-flight absorption images of ultracold atomic clouds is presented. The calibration is obtained from radially averaged absorption images and we provide a practical guide to the calibration process. It is shown that the calibration coefficient scales linearly with optical density and depends on the absorbed photon number for the experimental conditions explored here. This allows for the direct inclusion of a spatially dependent calibration in the image analysis. For typical ultracold atom clouds the spatial calibration technique leads to corrections in the detected atom number up to

≈

12

%

and temperature up to

≈

14

%

in comparison to previous calibration techniques. The technique presented here addresses a major difficulty in absorption imaging of ultracold atomic clouds and prompts further theoretical work to understand the scattering processes in ultracold dense clouds of atoms for accurate atom number calibration.
Empirical line ratios for optical emission spectroscopy in low-temperature, low-density, magnetised Ar plasmas
Authors: Cremona Anna , Causa Federica , Uccello Andrea , Ricci Daria , Giunta Alessandra , O’Mullane Martin ,   GyM Team
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Spectroscopic evaluation of electron temperature and density in low-temperature, low-density, magnetized plasmas can be difficult, but necessary in situations where chemical erosion and physical sputtering prevent the use of other diagnostics, such as Langmuir probes (LP). Further, in such cases, because of the low densities and temperatures, the vessel and environment involved, theoretical line ratios derived from Collisional-Radiative models may not be easily applicable. This is the case, for example, of low-temperature (<15 eV), low-density (<1011 cm−3), magnetised plasma used for plasma-material interaction studies where chemical erosion and physical sputtering can be significant. The aim of the present work is to define an empirical line ratio (ELR) method derived from an extensive calibration campaign with the two diagnostics, using LP measurements as a reference. The ELR method is useful to permit the use of optical emission spectroscopy independent of LP in conditions that are critical for the latter, resulting in an effective instrument for the evaluation of plasma parameters. Further, the use of two different lines of sight and the influence of the magnetic field intensity on the measurements are also discussed. The proposed ELR method is demonstrated here for pure Ar linear plasmas and is in principle applicable also to other similar cases.
Plasma properties in the vicinity of the last closed flux surface in hydrogen and helium fusion plasma discharges
Authors: Dimitrova M , López-Bruna D , Gunn J P , Kovačič J , Svoboda V , Stockel J , Ivanova P , Vasileva E , Hasan E , Dejarnac R , Losada U , Hidalgo C , Popov Tsv K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The origin of the bi-Maxwellian electron energy distribution function (EEDF) observed in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of tokamak plasmas by means of Langmuir probes is still under discussion. It has been assumed that the ionization of hydrogen and deuterium neutrals by thermal electrons penetrating the SOL from the bulk plasma is the main reason for the appearance of a second Maxwellian. To validate this assumption, radial measurements of the electron temperatures and densities, or the plasma properties in helium plasmas in the GOLEM tokamak and the TJ-II stellarator were performed. The radial profiles of the low-temperature electron group densities follow the trend of the calculated radial profiles of the electron sources arising from the ionization of neutrals in both deuterium and helium plasmas in TJ-II. The difference in the radial location where the bi-Maxwellian EEDF appears can be explained by the difference in the rate coefficients for ionization of deuterium and helium. The results of probe measurements in GOLEM and the WEST tokamak divertor, at one radial location in the SOL, are compatible with the hypothesis concerning the ionization of neutral atoms and the type of the EEDF.
On the issue of establishing the hazardous properties of mine seams according to the output of coal thermal decomposition products
Authors: Rudniev Yevhen , Tarasov Vadym , Antoshchenko Mykola , Popovych Vitaly 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The article analyzes the principles of building an industrial classification. It is noted that, according to the qualitative selection and quantitative assessment, the classification indicators of metamorphic transformations of the seams, determined by the average values of the analysis of coal samples, do not coincide with their characteristics according to industrial classifications. It is shown that with the intensification of metamorphic processes in the seams from grades D to A, there is a direct proportional increase in the yield of coke and an inversely proportional decrease in the yield of volatile substances. The choice of criteria for the manifestation of hazardous properties of mine seams should be based on the basic definition of the concept of metamorphism - the enrichment of organic matter with carbon and the depletion of other components. The overwhelming content of carbon and a one-sided increase in the organic mass predetermine its main role as the main indicator of metamorphic transformations of seams and coal. This method of determining the degree of metamorphism makes it possible to establish a direct connection between the manifestation of hazardous properties of mine seams and the composition of the transformed organic matter.
Study of the features of determination of heavy metals in bottom sediments
Authors: Loboichenko Valentyna , Nikitina Nataliia , Leonova Nataliia , Konovalova Olga , Bondarenko Anna , Zemlianskyi Oleh , Rashkevich Nina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the work with the application of the atomic absorption method, the peculiarities of the influence of sample preparation on the degree of extraction of heavy metals in samples of bottom sediments were analyzed. Acid, acid-microwave sample preparation and their variations were used in the study. It was found that the greatest influence of the type of sample preparation on the degree of extraction is observed for iron and manganese. For zinc, the smallest dependence of the type of sample preparation on the completeness of its extraction from bottom sediments was noted. There is an ambiguous influence of the type of sample preparation on the degree of extraction for cobalt, copper and nickel, which may be related to the peculiarities of the chemical composition of the bottom sediments.
Regularities of the strain state of the embankment when varying the vertical element length of strengthening
Authors: Alkhdour Ahmad , Tiutkin Oleksii , Dubinchyk Olha , Miroshnyk Vitalii 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The crisis that arose during the war in the transport system of Ukraine provided an opportunity to review the concept of integrating the Ukrainian railway into the European network. Corresponding changes, which require reconstruction of the railway, including track and embankment, have been analyzed. The railway embankment needs strengthening for its normal operation. The embankment reinforced with vertical elements, namely piles, has been studied. A finite-element model of the embankment, its soil base, and the rail-sleeper grid has been created. This model shows a vertical element of strengthening with lengths of 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 m. The results of the numerical analysis are obtained, which makes it possible to analyze the values of horizontal and vertical displacements. The values of both components of the strain state are analyzed. The results of the analysis prove that strengthening with such elements has a maximally positive effect on both components of deformation. The regularities of changes in embankment displacements, when varying the vertical element length of strengthening, are linear. They prove that the presence of piles reduces the horizontal component by 1.1 … 1.32 times, and the vertical one by 1.1 … 1.24 times.