bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging with Long-term Physical Impairments: The Significance of Social Support
Authors: Casey Rebecca , Stone Sharon Dale 
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉCet article examine les situations de la vie et l’accès à la prise en charge sociale des personnes vivant dans des communautés, qui sont âgés de 50 à 65 ans, et qui ont vécu avec une déficience physique significative depuis plus de 15 ans. Les données ont été recueillies par le biais d’entretiens approfondis et semi-structurés avec huit hommes et femmes. Les conclusions suggèrent que faire façe à la dégradation à long terme peut être une expérience solitaire lorsqu’un individu ne dispose pas d’un réseau solide de la famille et/ou des amis à apporter le soutien émotionnel. Selon les participants, leurs expériences du vieillissment avec déficience à long terme ont été améliorées lorsqu’ils partagent les pensées, les sentiments et les problèmes avec d’autres. Les conclusions montrent également l’importance du genre concernant l’accès à l’assistance sociale, et indiquent l’importance d’utiliser des ententes subjectives pour déterminer le niveau de soutien social disponible aux individus. Plus généralement, les conclusions soulignent que les personnes qui vieillissent avec des déficiences plongent dans, et souhaitent entretenir, des relations réciproques.
Flow Experience in the Daily Lives of Older Adults: An Analysis of the Interaction between Flow, Individual Differences, Serious Leisure, Location, and Social Context
Authors: Heo Jinmoo , Lee Youngkhill , Pedersen Paul M. , McCormick Bryan P. 
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉCette étude a examiné comment les loisirs sérieux, les différences individuelles, le contexte social et l’emplacement contribuent aux expériences de flux – un état psychologique intense – dans la vie quotidienne des adultes plus âgés. La Méthode d’échantillonnage a été utilisée avec 19 adultes plus âgés dans une ville du Midwest des États-Unis. L’expérience de flux a été la mesure des résultats, et les données ont été analysées à l’aide de la modélisation linéaire hiérarchique. Les résultats ont indiqué que la localité et le statut de l’emploi ont influencé l’expérience de flux des sujets. En outre, les conclusions ont révélé que la retraite était négativement liée à la rencontre de flux, et qu’il y avait une association significative entre le domicile et l’expérience de flux. Les résultats de cette étude améliorent la compréhension des expériences de flux dans la vie quotidienne des adultes plus âgés.
Rotavirus genotypes co-circulating in Europe between 2006 and 2009 as determined by EuroRotaNet, a pan-European collaborative strain surveillance network
Authors: ITURRIZA-GÓMARA M. , DALLMAN T. , BÁNYAI K. , BÖTTIGER B. , BUESA J. , DIEDRICH S. , FIORE L. , JOHANSEN K. , KOOPMANS M. , KORSUN N. , KOUKOU D. , KRONEMAN A. , LÁSZLÓ B. , LAPPALAINEN M. , MAUNULA L. , MARQUES A. MAS , MATTHIJNSSENS J. , MIDGLEY S. , MLADENOVA Z. , NAWAZ S. , POLJSAK-PRIJATELJ M. , POTHIER P. , RUGGERI F. M. , SANCHEZ-FAUQUIER A. , STEYER A. , SIDARAVICIUTE-IVASKEVICIENE I. , SYRIOPOULOU V. , TRAN A. N. , USONIS V. , VAN RANST M. , DE ROUGEMONT A. , GRAY J. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYEuroRotaNet, a laboratory network, was established in order to determine the diversity of co-circulating rotavirus strains in Europe over three or more rotavirus seasons from 2006/2007 and currently includes 16 countries. This report highlights the tremendous diversity of rotavirus strains co-circulating in the European population during three years of surveillance since 2006/2007 and points to the possible origins of these strains including genetic reassortment and interspecies transmission. Furthermore, the ability of the network to identify strains circulating with an incidence of ⩾1% allowed the identification of possible emerging strains such as G8 and G12 since the beginning of the study; analysis of recent data indicates their increased incidence. The introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination in at least two of the participating countries, and partial vaccine coverage in some others may provide data on diversity driven by vaccine introduction and possible strain replacement in Europe.
Multilevel modelling of the prevalence of hospitalized patients infected withPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: GBAGUIDI-HAORE H. , CHOLLEY P. , RABAUD C. , BERTRAND X. , TALON D. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYPseudomonas aeruginosais one of the leading nosocomial pathogens. The question of the respective contribution of endogenous and exogenous sources remains controversial. In this study, we shed new light on this issue by means of a multilevel logistic regression analysis which allowed a simultaneous investigation of factors associated with prevalence of patients infected withP. aeruginosaat two levels: patient and healthcare facility (HCF) in the eastern regions of France. A total of 25 533 in-patients from 51 HCFs were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence was 0·37% (range 0–1·65%). Multilevel modelling estimated that <14% of total variability of the outcome variable was explained by differences between HCFs and that after adjusting for patient-level variables, which explained 52% of HCF-level variance, the latter became non-significantly different from zero. A compositional effect (patient factors), rather than a contextual effect (ecological factors), explains heterogeneity of the prevalence of patients infected withP. aeruginosain the eastern HCFs of France.
The effects of vitamin C supplementation on incident and progressive knee osteoarthritis: a longitudinal study
Authors: Peregoy Jennifer , Wilder Frances Vaughn 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between vitamin C supplementation and the incidence and progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingClearwater Osteoarthritis Study (COS): (1988 to the present) a longitudinal study.SubjectsMale and female COS participants aged 40 years and above (n 1023). The study exposure was the participants’ self-reported history of vitamin C supplementation. The participants underwent biennial, sequential knee radiographs, which were assessed using the Kellgren–Lawrence ordinal scale to determine evidence of the study 2 outcomes: incident radiographic knee OA (RKOA) and progression of RKOA.ResultsIndividuals without baseline knee OA who self-reported vitamin C supplement usage were 11 % less likely to develop knee OA than were those individuals who self-reported no vitamin C supplement usage (risk ratio (RR) = 0·89, 95 % CI 0·85, 0·93). Among those participants with RKOA at baseline, vitamin C supplement usage did not demonstrate an association with RKOA progression (RR = 0·94, 95 % CI 0·79, 1·22).ConclusionsIn the present prospective cohort study, we found no evidence to support a protective role of vitamin C in the progression of knee OA. However, after controlling for confounding variables, these data suggest that vitamin C supplementation may indeed be beneficial in preventing incident knee OA. Given the massive public health burden of OA, the use of a simple, widely available and inexpensive supplement to potentially reduce the impact of this disease merits further consideration.
Developing a timeline for evaluating public health nutrition policy interventions. What are the outcomes and when should we expect to see them?
Authors: Macdiarmid Jennie I , Loe Jennifer , Douglas Flora , Ludbrook Anne , Comerford Caroline , McNeill Geraldine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a timeline for evaluating public health nutrition policy interventions.DesignConcept mapping, a stakeholder-driven approach for developing an evaluation framework to estimate the ‘time to impact’ for policy interventions. The Schools (Health Promotion and Nutrition) (Scotland) Act 2007 was used as the model to develop the evaluation timeline as it had typical characteristics of government policy. Concept mapping requires stakeholders to generate a list of the potential outcomes, sort and rate the outcomes. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster data analysis were used to develop an anticipated timeline to impact for the policy.SettingUnited Kingdom.SubjectsOne hundred and eleven stakeholders representing nutrition, public health, medicine, education and catering in a range of sectors: research, policy, local government, National Health Service and schools.ResultsEighty-five possible outcomes were identified and grouped into thirteen clusters describing higher-level themes (e.g. long-term health, food literacy, economics, behaviour, diet, education). Negative and unintended consequences were anticipated relatively soon after implementation of the policy, whereas positive outcomes (e.g. dietary changes, health benefits) were thought likely to take longer to emerge. Stakeholders responsible for implementing the legislation anticipated that it would take longer to observe changes than those from policy or research.ConclusionsDeveloping an anticipated timeline provides a realistic framework upon which to base an outcome evaluation for policy interventions and identifies positive and negative outcomes as well as considering possible unintended consequences. It offers benefit to both policy makers and researchers in mapping the progress expected towards long-term health goals and outcomes.
The young hard active Sun: soft X-ray irradiation of tryptophan in water solutions
Authors: Ciaravella A. , Bongiorno D. , Cecchi-Pestellini C. , Testa M.L. , Indelicato S. , Barbera M. , Collura A. , La Barbera A. , Mingoia F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe X-ray emission of the young Sun was much harder and intense than today and might have played a significant role in the evolution of complex organics in protoplanetary environments. We investigate the effects of soft X-rays on tryptophan molecules in aqueous solutions at room temperature. As results of the irradiation experiments we detect several light species indicative of fragmentation, together with large molecular structures such as tryptophan dipeptide and tripeptide. Complexification is more evident in H2O solution than in D2O, probably due to isotopic effects. The abundances of peptides depend on the irradiation dose and decrease with increasing energy deposition. Radicals such as D, OD, H and OH, induced by the X-ray interaction with solvents, play a major role in determining the final products.
The behaviour of corporate actors: How much can we learn from the experimental literature?
Authors: ENGEL CHRISTOPH 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:Much of socially relevant behaviour does not originate in isolated individuals. It is embedded in institutional arrangements. Embeddedness can be so pronounced that outsiders no longer focus on the judgement and decision making of individuals contributing to the course of action. Instead, they ascribe the behaviour to the institution, which they refer to as a corporate actor. This social practice makes it meaningful to compare isolated individuals and corporate actors undertaking the same tasks. This paper surveys the empirical literature on the question from experimental economics, social psychology, and organization science.
The close relation between organization theory and Oliver Williamson's transaction cost economics: a theory of the firm perspective
Authors: BAUDRY BERNARD , CHASSAGNON VIRGILE 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:This article deals with the contribution of organization theory to transaction cost economics from an examination of Williamson's theory of the firm. Borrowing and applying some conclusions of organization theory, Williamson rightly differs from other theories of the firm, particularly in his analysis of hierarchical authority, intra-firm conflicts, organizational atmosphere, and the farsighted contracting. Having shed light on the complementary and divergent thoughts of these two different disciplinary approaches to the firm, the article recalls Williamson's project of building a ‘science of organization’.
Crafting analytical tools to study institutional change
Authors: OSTROM ELINOR , BASURTO XAVIER 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:Most powerful analytical tools used in the social sciences are well suited for studying static situations. Static and mechanistic analysis, however, is not adequate to understand the changing world in which we live. In order to adequately address the most pressing social and environmental challenges looming ahead, we need to develop analytical tools for analyzing dynamic situations – particularly institutional change. In this paper, we develop an analytical tool to study institutional change, more specifically, the evolution of rules and norms. We believe that in order for such an analytical tool to be useful to develop a general theory of institutional change, it needs to enable the analyst to concisely record the processes of change in multiple specific settings so that lessons from such settings can eventually be integrated into a more general predictive theory of change.
Molecular Dynamics Studies of Outer Membrane Proteins: a Story of Barrels
Authors: Khalid Syma , Baaden Marc 
Published: August 2010

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria have a variety of functions including passive transport, active transport, catalysis, pathogenesis and signal transduction. Whilst the structures of ∼ 25 OMPs are currently known, the relationship between structure, dynamics and function is often unclear. Furthermore, relatively little is known about the effect of the local environment on the protein dynamics. Over the past 10 years or so, molecular dynamics simulations have been successful in revealing insights into aspects of outer membrane proteins that are difficult to study with experimental methods alone. Indeed in some cases simulations have aided the interpretation of structural data e.g. the apparent discrepancy between the x-ray structure of OmpA from E. coli and the observed conductance data. Simulations have also been employed to design mutants of OMPs with desired properties, e.g mutants of OmpG that may serve as components of stochastic biosensors.
In general, more OMPs have been studied via MD simulations than perhaps any other family of membrane protein, yielding a wealth of information that provides an ideal complement to experimental determined data.
Clinical Investigation of a New Dual‐Chamber Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator with Improved Rhythm Discrimination Capabilities
Authors: BAILIN STEVEN J. , NIEBAUER MARK , TOMASSONI GERY , LEMAN ROBERT ,   The Photon Investigators
Published: August 2010

New ICD with Improved Rhythm Discrimination.
Introduction: Despite continuing advances, inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapies in response to nonventricular tachyarrhythmias continue to cause patient discomfort and increased follow‐up demands. Methods and Results: We investigated the performance of a new dual‐chamber ICD (Photon DR, St. Jude Medical), with specific attention to its arrhythmia discrimination and detection capabilities. The system uses a hierarchical approach to tachyarrhythmia classification utilizing a new AV Rate Branch feature and subsequently utilizing morphology analysis, onset, and stability criteria. The arrhythmia discrimination results from this study group were compared to historical control group data from a recent clinical investigation of single‐chamber Contour MD (Morphology Discrimination) and Angstrom MD ICDs without the Rate Branch feature. Rhythm discrimination was evaluated by comparing ventricular tachycardia diagnosis sensitivity and specificity between the two groups. To determine whether the new discrimination scheme affected detection speed, median ventricular fibrillation (VF) detection and redetection times also were compared. The study group consisted of 107 patients, and the control group consisted of 161 patients. Use of the AV Rate Branch feature was associated with significant improvements in both sensitivity (100% vs 97.9%, P < 0.0001) and specificity (84% vs 55.7%, P = 0.0002) of ventricular tachycardia diagnosis. Use of the new scheme slightly but significantly accelerated VF detection times (2.8 vs 3.0 sec, P < 0.0001) and redetection times (1.3 vs 1.4 sec, P < 0.0001). Adverse events were typical for this patient population. Conclusion: Compared with earlier St. Jude Medical ICDs, the Photon DR ICD offers improved rhythm discrimination without compromising VF detection time. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 144‐149, February 2003)
“Double” Potentials Define Linear Lesion Conduction Block Using A Novel Mapping/Linear Lesion Ablation Catheter
Authors: MORGAN JOHN M. , HAYWOOD GUY , SCHIRDEWAN ALEXANDER , BRUGADA PEDRO , GEELEN PETER , MEYERFELDT UDO , ROBERTS PAUL , GIBSON CHUCK 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: A novel mapping/ablation catheter using a coaxially ablation electrode (E) that is moveable between distal and proximal ring electrodes along its shaft was used to create a linear lesion over the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) and bidirectional block in 32 patients (21 men; age 38–79 years) undergoing ablation for counterclockwise atrial flutter.
Methods and Results: Two bipolar electrograms (E1 and E2) were recorded: between E and the distal ring electrode and between E and the proximal ring electrode. Interpole distance varied for both as the E traversed the slide shaft. Given the catheter's concept, these bipoles are orientated exactly along the line of lesion creation. Prior to ablation, unitary bipolar electrograms were recorded along the catheter slide shaft position. As the CTI lesion was created (E moved along the catheter slide shaft in 2‐mm steps with radiofrequency energy delivered to achieve 65°C for 60 sec at each), double potentials (DP) were observed. Interpotential distance became maximal with completion of the linear lesion and bidirectional block. DPs were noted in all these procedures. With pacing from the low septal right atrium at bidirectional block creation, interpotential timing was

140.9 ± 15 msec

and from the low right atrial free wall was

145.13 ± 18 msec.

In sinus rhythm, DP interpotential timing was less

(35.13 ± 9 msec)

as activation fronts arrived from both septal and anterior atrial aspects.
Conclusion: Bipolar recordings from the coaxially moveable electrode catheter provide unique electrogram data. DPs recorded during and after linear lesion creation can define conduction block across that lesion without the need for additional mapping catheters or complex mapping technology.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 236‐242, March 2003)
Vortex Cordis as a Mechanism of Postshock Activation:
Authors: ASHIHARA TAKASHI , NAMBA TSUNETOYO , YAO TAKENORI , OZAWA TOMOYA , KAWASE AYAKA , IKEDA TAKANORI , NAKAZAWA KAZUO , ITO MAKOTO 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: The ventricular apex has a helical arrangement of myocardial fibers called the “vortex cordis.” Experimental studies have demonstrated that the first postshock activation originates from the ventricular apex, regardless of the electrical shock outcome; however, the related underlying mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that the vortex cordis contributes to the initiation of postshock activation. To clarify this issue, we numerically studied the transmembrane potential distribution produced by various electrical shocks.
Methods and Results: Using an active membrane model, we simulated a two‐dimensional bidomain myocardial tissue incorporating a typical fiber orientation of the vortex cordis. Monophasic or biphasic shock was delivered via two line electrodes located at opposite tissue borders. Transmembrane potential distribution during the monophasic shock at the center of the vortex cordis showed a gradient high enough to initiate postshock activation. The postshock activation from the center of the vortex cordis was not suppressed, regardless of the initiation of spiral wave reentry. Spiral wave reentry was induced by the monophasic shock when the center area of the vortex cordis was partially excited by the nonuniform virtual electrode polarization. Postshock activation following the biphasic shock also originated from the center of the vortex cordis, but it tended to be suppressed due to the narrower excitable gap around the center of the vortex cordis. The electroporation effect, which was maximal at the center of the vortex cordis, is another possible mechanism of postshock activation.
Conclusion: Our simulations suggest that the vortex cordis may cause postshock activation.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 295‐302, March 2003)
Effect of Atrial Fibrillation Duration on Probability of Immediate Recurrence after Transthoracic Cardioversion
Authors: ORAL HAKAN , OZAYDIN MEHMET , STICHERLING CHRISTIAN , TADA HIROSHI , SCHARF CHRISTOPH , CHUGH AMAN , LAI STEVE W.K. , PELOSI FRANK , KNIGHT BRADLEY P. , STRICKBERGER S. ADAM , MORADY FRED 
Published: August 2010

Immediate Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation. Introduction: An immediate recurrence of atrial fibrillation (IRAF) appears to be more common after early restoration of sinus rhythm with an implantable atrial defibrillator than after elective transthoracic cardioversion, which suggests that the probability of IRAF may be related to the duration of AF. Methods and Results: Transthoracic cardioversion was performed 85 ± 187 days (range 7 minutes to 8 years) after the onset of atrial fibrillation in 315 patients (mean age 61 ± 13 years). IRAF was defined as a recurrence of AF within 60 seconds after restoration of sinus rhythm. IRAF occurred in 56% of patients when cardioversion was performed within 1 hour of the onset of AF compared with 12% of patients when cardioversion was performed after 24 hours of AF (P < 0.001). The duration of AF was the only independent predictor of IRAF among the clinical variables of age, gender, structural heart disease, antiarrhythmic drug therapy, and cardioversion energy (P < 0.01). Conclusion: IRAF is more likely to occur when the duration of AF is <1 hour than when the duration is >24 hours. This observation has clinical implications for the most appropriate timing of cardioversion, particularly in patients who receive device therapy for AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 182‐185, February 2003)
Variable Patterns of Septal Activation in Patients with Left Bundle Branch Block and Heart Failure
Authors: RODRIGUEZ LUZ‐MARIA , TIMMERMANS CARL , NABAR ASHISH , BEATTY GRAYDON , WELLENS HEIN J.J. 
Published: August 2010

Septal Activation in Patients with LBBB and Heart Failure.
Introduction: Little is known about the septal activation pattern in patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block (LBBB‐HF). Methods and Results: The right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) activation patterns of 12 patients (mean age 67 ± 11 years) with LBBB‐HF and 5 patients (mean age 45 ± 14) with normal hearts were studied during sinus rhythm using a three‐dimensional mapping system. The etiology of HF was myocardial infarction (n = 4) or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 8). In patients with LBBB‐HF, endocardial activation usually started before the onset of the surface QRS complex on the RV free wall. Latest RV activation occurred in the basal region, and total RV activation time was longer than in patients with normal hearts. In patients with LBBB‐HF, the left septum was activated via slowly conducting LBB or via right‐to‐left transseptal conduction. In both patients with LBBB‐HF and those with normal hearts, latest LV activation occurred either in the posterior or posterolateral‐basal region. Conduction velocity was slower in the peri‐scar region, in patients with previous myocardial infarct and globally slow, in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: The two types of left septal activation observed in patients with LBBB‐HF may have consequences for biventricular hemodynamic performance. Conduction slowing along the LV, regionally or globally, suggests a contribution outside the specific conduction system in the ECG pattern of LBBB. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 135‐141, February 2003)