bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STAT3‐Mediated astrogliosis protects myelin development in neonatal brain injury
Authors: Nobuta Hiroko , Ghiani Cristina A. , Paez Pablo M. , Spreuer Vilma , Dong Hongmei , Korsak Rose A. , Manukyan Armine , Li Jiaxi , Vinters Harry V. , Huang Eric J. , Rowitch David H. , Sofroniew Michael V. , Campagnoni Anthony T. , de Vellis Jean , Waschek James A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective:Pathological findings in neonatal brain injury associated with preterm birth include focal and/or diffuse white matter injury (WMI). Despite the heterogeneous nature of this condition, reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis are frequently observed. Thus, molecular mechanisms by which glia activation contribute to WMI were investigated.Methods:Postmortem brains of neonatal brain injury were investigated to identify molecular features of reactive astrocytes. The contribution of astrogliosis to WMI was further tested in a mouse model in genetically engineered mice.Results:Activated STAT3 signaling in reactive astrocytes was found to be a common feature in postmortem brains of neonatal brain injury. In a mouse model of neonatal WMI, conditional deletion of STAT3 in astrocytes resulted in exacerbated WMI, which was associated with delayed maturation of oligodendrocytes. Mechanistically, the delay occurred in association with overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)β‐1 in microglia, which in healthy controls decreased with myelin maturation in an age‐dependent manner. TGFβ‐1 directly and dose‐dependently inhibited the maturation of purified oligodendrocyte progenitors, and pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ‐1 signaling in vivo reversed the delay in myelin development. Factors secreted from STAT3‐deficient astrocytes promoted elevated TGFβ‐1 production in cultured microglia compared to wild‐type astrocytes.Interpretation:These results suggest that myelin development is regulated by a mechanism involving crosstalk between microglia and oligodendrocyte progenitors. Reactive astrocytes may modify this signaling in a STAT3‐dependent manner, preventing the pathological expression of TGFβ‐1 in microglia and the impairment of oligodendrocyte maturation. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:750–765
Kinetics of luminol sonochemiluminescence quenched by purines
Authors: Wang Jian , Lai Yongquan , Chen Meili , Jiang Zhou , Chen Guonan 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA homogeneous chemiluminescence (CL) reaction was initiated by ultrasound irradiation. Luminol sonochemiluminescence (SCL) reaction kinetics were determined under pseudo‐first‐order conditions, and the reaction followed the model for simple rise–fall kinetics. In addition, SCL quenching reactions induced by purines were also investigated in which the interactions between luminol and purines were analysed using the Stern–Volmer (S‐V) mechanism. The results implied that the high rate constant of luminol CL quenched by purines may be attributed to ground state interactions originating from hydrogen bonding. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixing and Reactions in Microchannels – an Educational Approach Using the Internet
Authors: Adryan Philipp , Rößner Frank , Sleumer Konstantin , Schlüter Michael , Müller Claudia M. , Moritz Hans‐Ulrich , Pauer Werner , Sell Marc , Hameister Daniela , Höffer Diana , Illner Sabine , Kragl Udo , Brandenburg Gunnar , Räbiger Norbert 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn many fields, microprocess technology is gaining significance and is increasingly finding its way into use in industrial production. However, specialist knowledge regarding reactions of compounds, mixing and downstream processes in microchannels is required, as experience from the ”︁macro world”︁ can only be applied in a limited way. The appropriate level of education required is still lacking. In this study, a number of educational experiments were set up focusing on mixing processes and emphasizing the significance of viscosity in mixing. Additionally liquid‐liquid extraction as an important downstream process was looked into as a student experiment. In order to make the training widely accessible, a web‐based education platform was established.
Bioinspired Ion‐Transport Properties of Solid‐State Single Nanochannels and Their Applications in Sensing
Authors: Tian Ye , Wen Liping , Hou Xu , Hou Guanglei , Jiang Lei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBiological ion channels are able to control ion‐transport processes precisely because of their intriguing properties, such as selectivity, rectification, and gating. Learning from nature, scientists have developed a promising system—solid‐state single nanochannels—to mimic biological ion‐transport properties. These nanochannels have many impressive properties, such as excess surface charge, making them selective; the ability to be produced or modified asymmetrically, endowing them with rectification; and chemical reactivity of the inner surface, imparting them with desired gating properties. Based on these unique characteristics, solid‐state single nanochannels have been explored in various applications, such as sensing. In this context, we summarize recent developments of bioinspired solid‐state single nanochannels with ion‐transport properties that resemble their biological counterparts, including selectivity, rectification, and gating; their applications in sensing are also introduced briefly.
Environmental diel variation, parasite loads, and local population structuring of a mixed‐mating mangrove fish
Authors: Ellison Amy , Wright Patricia , Taylor D. Scott , Cooper Chris , Regan Kelly , Currie Suzie , Consuegra Sofia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGenetic variation within populations depends on population size, spatial structuring, and environmental variation, but is also influenced by mating system. Mangroves are some of the most productive and threatened ecosystems on earth and harbor a large proportion of species with mixed‐mating (self‐fertilization and outcrossing). Understanding population structuring in mixed‐mating species is critical for conserving and managing these complex ecosystems. Kryptolebias marmoratus is a unique mixed‐mating vertebrate inhabiting mangrove swamps under highly variable tidal regimes and environmental conditions. We hypothesized that geographical isolation and ecological pressures influence outcrossing rates and genetic diversity, and ultimately determine the local population structuring of K. marmoratus. By comparing genetic variation at 32 microsatellites, diel fluctuations of environmental parameters, and parasite loads among four locations with different degrees of isolation, we found significant differences in genetic diversity and genotypic composition but little evidence of isolation by distance. Locations also differed in environmental diel fluctuation and parasite composition. Our results suggest that mating system, influenced by environmental instability and parasites, underpins local population structuring of K. marmoratus. More generally, we discuss how the conservation of selfing species inhabiting mangroves and other biodiversity hotspots may benefit from knowledge of mating strategies and population structuring at small spatial scales.
A study of lightning current distribution at a wind turbine foot: Influence on current measurements using a Rogowski coil
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuo , Ueda Naoya , Ametani Akihiro , Natsuno Daisuke 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA Rogowski coil, used for measuring lightning current through a wind turbine generator system, is generally set up at the foot of a tower. In most wind turbines, there is an entrance at the foot of the tower, which leads to a flight of stairs or a ladder. When lightning strikes the wind turbine, the lightning current flows to the ground through the blades, nacelle, and tower. The current is shunted to the tower and the stairs/ladder at the foot of the tower, from where it may flow into the foundation and the earth. A Rogowski coil is usually set up at only the foot of a tower. The lightning current shunted to the stairs/ladder cannot be measured using the Rogowski. The installation position of the Rogowski coil depends on the construction of the stairs/ladder. In this study, the lightning current distribution at the foot of a tower is calculated using the FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) method, which is one of the methods used for numerical analyses of electromagnetic fields. We also studied the effect that the setup of the stairs/ladder and the resistivity of the ground have on the lightning current distribution. The results of the current distribution are very important for predicting the total current that flows through an existing wind turbine generator system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(4): 10–17, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22273
Synthesis, crystal structure, spectral characterization, and DFT studies on 4‐((1‐phenyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐5‐ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid
Authors: Zhang Qingfu , Zhang Haina , Wang Jinyun , Zhang Chong , Sun Dezhi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new thiotetrazole compound, 4‐((1‐phenyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐5‐ylthio)methyl) benzoic acid (1), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, ESI‐MS, FT‐IR, UV–vis, fluorescence spectra, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The structural analysis reveals that compound 1 adopts a nonplanar geometric structure and exhibits an extensive but not uniform π delocalization with all members of the tetrazolyl ring and the exocyclic sulfur atom. A density functional theory (DFT) calculation at B3LYP/6‐31G** level of theory was performed to elucidate the structure of this thiotetrazole system. And the time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations of absorption spectra reveal two electron‐transition bands derived from the contribution of π → π* transitions, which are in agreement with experimental results. Moreover, compound 1 exhibits a blue‐light emission (λem = 441 nm) in the solid state at room temperature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:435–443, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21034
Tobacco, alcohol, body mass index, physical activity, and the risk of head and neck cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian (PLCO) cohort
Authors: Hashibe Mia , Hunt Jason , Wei Mei , Buys Saundra , Gren Lisa , Lee Yuan‐Chin Amy 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundEstimation of attributable fractions for tobacco and alcohol, and investigation of the association between body mass index (BMI) and head and neck cancer risk have largely been in case‐control studies. These aspects and physical activity need to be assessed as possible head and neck cancer risk/protective factors in a cohort study.MethodsIn the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial, of the 101,182 study subjects, 177 individuals developed head and neck cancer.ResultsThe proportion of head and neck cancer cases attributed to tobacco and/or alcohol was 66% (50.5% tobacco alone, 14.7% alcohol alone, 0.9% tobacco and alcohol combined). BMI was not associated with head and neck cancer risk, but increasing hours of physical activity per week was associated with a reduced head and neck cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35–0.96).ConclusionsCigarette smoking is clearly the most important head and neck cancer risk factor in this population. The reduced cancer risk due to physical activity was consistent with results from a pooled analysis of case‐control studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Symptoms of patients with incurable head and neck cancer: Prevalence and impact on daily functioning
Authors: Lokker Martine E. , Offerman Marinella P. J. , van der Velden Lilly–Ann , de Boer Maarten F. , Pruyn Jean F. A. , Teunissen Saskia C. C. M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is lack of research on symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer in the palliative phase. The aim of this study was to explore symptom prevalence and the impact of these symptoms on daily functioning in patients with incurable head and neck cancer. Also, discrepancies between patients and family caregivers are described.MethodsQuestionnaires were used to collect data about symptom prevalence (n = 124) and symptom impact (n = 24).ResultsWe discovered that the symptoms with a high prevalence were fatigue, pain, weakness, trouble with short walks outside, and dysphagia. The symptoms with the greatest impact on daily functioning were dyspnea, voice changes, trouble with short walks outside, anger, and weakness.ConclusionsPatients with incurable head and neck cancer experience a great number of different symptoms. Focus on these symptoms by health care professionals could further optimize symptom management. In future research, we recommend further validation of the used questionnaires. Head Neck, 2012
A study on morphology of immature stages of Diplonevra peregrina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: Feng Dian‐Xing , Liu Guang‐Chun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMorphology of all larval instars and puparium of Diplonevra peregrina, a most common phorid fly species indoors in China, is presented using scanning electron microscopy. The first instar larva was composed of 12 segments, each of segments 3–11 with six spicate tubercles situated dorsally, dorsolaterally, and laterally in transverse row. The dorsal tubercles were much longer than the laterals and dorsolaterals. Antennae and maxillary palp complex were visible. The caudal segment was margined by six long, stout tubercles covered by numerous long bristles at the base through the apex. Two slits could be seen at the posterior spiracle. Besides the presence of anterior spiracle, the tubercles of second instar became more stout than those of first instar and were covered by numerous long bristles from the base to top. The posterior spiracle contained four slits. Third larval instar was similar to second instar. The bubble membrane comprised of clusters of small spines presented at the segment 5 of third instar larvae. Puparia showed a retracted cephalic region and a pair of pupal respiratory horns on the dorsum. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linking Personal Robbery Offences Using Offender Behaviour
Authors: Burrell Amy , Bull Ray , Bond John 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCase linkage uses crime scene behaviours to identify series of crimes committed by the same offender. This paper tests the underlying assumptions of case linkage (behavioural consistency and behavioural distinctiveness) by comparing the behavioural similarity of linked pairs of offences (i.e. two offences committed by the same offender) with the behavioural similarity of unlinked pairs of offences (i.e. two offences committed by different offenders). It is hypothesised that linked pairs will be more behaviourally similar than unlinked pairs thereby providing evidence for the two assumptions. The current research uses logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses to explore which behaviours can be used to reliably link personal robbery offences using a sample of 166 solved offences committed by 83 offenders. The method of generating unlinked pairs is then refined to reflect how the police work at a local level, and the success of predictive factors re‐tested. Both phases of the research provide evidence of behavioural consistency and behavioural distinctiveness with linked pairs displaying more similarity than unlinked pairs across a range of behavioural domains. Inter‐crime distance and target selection emerge as the most useful linkage factors with promising results also found for temporal proximity and control. No evidence was found to indicate that the property stolen is useful for linkage. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
National survey of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009‐associated encephalopathy in Japanese children
Authors: Kawashima Hisashi , Morichi Shinichiro , Okumara Akihisa , Nakagawa Satoshi , Morishima Tsuneo ,   the collaborating study group on influenza‐associated encephalopathy in Japan
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe novel pandemic (pdm) influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus caused an epidemic of critical illness, with some patients developing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pdm H1N1 2009 infection has been reported to cause fatal encephalopathy and myocarditis as well as pneumonia. To investigate the actual characteristics of the encephalopathy associated with pdm H1N1 2009 infection in Japan, questionnaires were distributed and information collected on 207 cases of encephalopathy during one season. The results of the survey showed that encephalopathy was reported predominantly in males. The outcome was recorded in 188 of the 207 cases; 16 of 188 patients (8.5%) died, while 23 (12.2%) had sequelae. Serious cases were distributed across all age groups. Febrile convulsion was noted at a higher rate in medical past‐history in cases without sequelae (40 of the 149 cases; 27%) than in serious cases. In contrast, pre‐existing epilepsy and mental retardation were observed more frequently in serious cases. Twelve cases exhibited biphasic seizures; one‐half of these had sequelae, but none was fatal. Ten cases were accompanied by high cytokine levels, and three of these children died. Among the 149 cases with good outcomes, 29 of 116 cases (25%) showed abnormalities on MRI, and 14 of these demonstrated reversible splenial lesions. Abnormal behaviors, especially delirium and visual hallucinations, were observed more frequently in cases without sequelae. In conclusion, pdm H1N1 2009 infection‐associated encephalopathy was a critical disease in children, with rapidly progressive characteristics similar to those of seasonal influenza‐associated encephalopathy. J. Med. Virol. 84: 1151–1156, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust fault detection filter design for a class of neutral‐type neural networks with time‐varying discrete and unbounded distributed delays
Authors: Zhang Xian , Lin Xue , Wang Yantao 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the problem of robust fault detection filter design for a class of neutral‐type neural networks with time‐varying discrete and unbounded distributed delays. A Luenberger‐type observer is designed for monitoring fault. By introducing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and by using Jensen's inequality techniques to deal with its derivative, a new sufficient condition for the existence of robust fault detection filter is proposed in the form of LMIs with nonlinear constraints. To solve the nonlinear problem, a cone complementarity linearization algorithm is proposed. In addition, several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of clay on the corrosion inhibition and dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy ester–polyurea–polysiloxane hybrid coatings
Authors: Singh‐Beemat Jaspreet , Iroh Jude O. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe corrosion resistance of polymeric coatings containing epoxy ester, polyurea, and polymethylhydrosiloxane was significantly improved by the addition of cloisite 15A organoclay. The weight percent of organoclay was varied from 0.5 to 10%. The presence of organoclay in the coatings was confirmed using the Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The effect of organoclay on the surface energy of the coatings was analyzed by measuring contact angle with a video contact angle analyzer and using water and iodomethane as the probing liquids. The surface energy of the coatings increased with increasing organoclay concentration. The corrosion resistant properties were measured by direct current polarization technique. The addition of organoclay enhanced the corrosion resistance of the coatings, and the best corrosion resistance was shown by coating containing 1% organoclay. The dynamic mechanical property of the coatings was determined using the dynamic mechanical spectrometer. The glass transition temperature of the films decreased significantly with the addition of organoclay up to 1% after which it increased with additional increase in the wt% of organoclay. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Investigation of thermomechanical properties and matrix–filler interaction on polyimide/graphene oxide composites
Authors: Pramoda Kumari P. , Mya Khine Y. , Lin Ting T. , Lu Xuehong , He Chaobin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe report, the preparation of nanocomposites having polyimide (PI) as matrix and graphene oxide (GO) as filler, analyses of matrix–filler interactions, and enhancements in thermomechanical properties of PI/GO as compared with pristine PI. The matrix–filler interactions were analyzed by 1H NMR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The data suggested stronger matrix–filler interactions in PI/GO as compared with PI/G composites. The stronger matrix–filler interactions and homogeneous dispersion of fillers lead to a significant enhancement in mechanical properties in PI/GO nanocomposites. Thus, with just 1 wt% GO content, the modulus of PI/GO composite increased by ∼106% as compared with pristine PI. Finally, thermal expansion coefficients of the nanocomposites are also investigated. A plausible hypothesis has been proposed in the text to explain the observed matrix–filler interactions and the subsequent property enhancements in nanocomposites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Improved operating scenarios for the production of acrylonitrile‐butadiene emulsions
Authors: Madhuranthakam Chandra Mouli R. , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on important aspects related to the production of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (nitrile rubber or NBR) emulsions using a train of eight continuously stirred tank reactors. The first aspect we discuss concerns miscellaneous operating procedures, targeted toward achieving desired properties of the NBR emulsion and at the same time reducing the amount of off‐spec material during the transient period. In one of the operating procedures discussed, the first reactor is started full of “batch recipe,” whereas the remaining reactors in the train are half full with all reaction ingredients. In another case, we discuss an alternative design scenario, where the first reactor in the train is of a much smaller volume compared with the following reactors. The benefits of these two operating (production) scenarios are illustrated by comparison of different polymer and latex properties obtained with the commonly used procedures. Second, we discuss a novel criterion that can quantitatively distinguish between Cases I and II kinetics emulsion polymerization behavior with respect to continuous reactor stability (oscillatory behavior). Finally, additional feed policies are addressed, such as splitting the more reactive monomer and/or other reaction ingredients among the reactors of the train for better control of certain desired properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
New magnetic regime in hematite hollow spheres
Authors: Ma Ji , Chen Kezheng 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new magnetic regime is presented in hematite hollow spheres. The numerous dangling bonds, formed in the H+ etching process during fabrication, endow the surfaces of the primary particles with paramagnetic and ferrimagnetic attributes. The freezing and coupling of these surface states have profound effect on the magnetic performance of the host hematite spheres – including enhanced ferromagnetism, a peculiar variation of thermal remanent magnetization, and an exchange bias training effect, which may find their potential applications in spintronic fields. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)