bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in TBX1 in individuals with and without 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Heike Carrie L. , Starr Jacqueline R. , Rieder Mark J. , Cunningham Michael L. , Edwards Karen L. , Stanaway Ian B. , Crawford Dana C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have a wide range of clinical features. TBX1 has been proposed as a candidate gene for some of the features in this condition. Polymorphisms in the nondeleted TBX1, which may affect the function of the sole TBX1 gene in individuals with the 22q11.2DS, may be a key to understanding the phenotypic variability among individuals with a shared deletion. Comprehensive single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery by resequencing candidate genes can identify genetic variants that influence a given phenotype. The purpose of this study was to further characterize the sequence variability in TBX1 by identifying all common SNPs in this gene.METHODS:We resequenced TBX1 in 29 children with a documented 22q11.2 deletion and 95 nondeleted, healthy individuals. We estimated allele frequencies, performed tagSNP selection, and inferred haplotypes. We also compared SNP frequencies between 22q11.2DS and control samples.RESULTS:We identified 355 biallelic markers among the 190 chromosomes resequenced in the control panel. The vast majority of the markers identified were SNPs (n = 331), and the remainder indels (n = 24). We did not identify SNPs or indels in the cis‐ regulatory element (FOX–binding site) upstream of TBX1. In children with 22q11.2DS we detected 187 biallelic markers, six of which were indels. Four of the seven coding SNPs identified in the controls were identified in children with 22q11.2DS.CONCLUSIONS:This comprehensive SNP discovery data can be used to select SNPs to genotype for future association studies assessing the role of TBX1 and phenotypic variability in individuals with 22q11.2DS. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A New Approach for Handling Longitudinal Count Data with Zero‐Inflation and Overdispersion: Poisson Geometric Process Model
Authors: Wan Wai‐Yin , Chan Jennifer S. K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFor time series of count data, correlated measurements, clustering as well as excessive zeros occur simultaneously in biomedical applications. Ignoring such effects might contribute to misleading treatment outcomes. A generalized mixture Poisson geometric process (GMPGP) model and a zero‐altered mixture Poisson geometric process (ZMPGP) model are developed from the geometric process model, which was originally developed for modelling positive continuous data and was extended to handle count data. These models are motivated by evaluating the trend development of new tumour counts for bladder cancer patients as well as by identifying useful covariates which affect the count level. The models are implemented using Bayesian method with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms and are assessed using deviance information criterion (DIC).
The Sign of the Unmeasured Confounding Bias under Various Standard Populations
Authors: Chiba Yasutaka 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUnmeasured confounders are a common problem in drawing causal inferences in observational studies. VanderWeele (Biometrics 2008, 64, 702–706) presented a theorem that allows researchers to determine the sign of the unmeasured confounding bias when monotonic relationships hold between the unmeasured confounder and the treatment, and between the unmeasured confounder and the outcome. He showed that his theorem can be applied to causal effects with the total group as the standard population, but he did not mention the causal effects with treated and untreated groups as the standard population. Here, we extend his results to these causal effects, and apply our theorems to an observational study. When researchers have a sense of what the unmeasured confounder may be, conclusions can be drawn about the sign of the bias.
Engineering multigene expression in vitro and in vivo with small terminators for T7 RNA polymerase
Authors: Du Liping , Gao Rong , Forster Anthony C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEngineering protein expression in vitro or in vivo is usually straightforward for single genes, but remains challenging for multiple genes because of the requirement of coordinated control. RNA and protein overexpression strategies often exploit T7 RNA polymerase and its natural TΦ Class I terminator. However, this terminator's inefficiency and large size (100 bp) are problematic for multigene construction and expression. Here, we measure the effects of tandem copies of a small (18 bp) Class II T7 terminator from vesicular stomatitis virus on transcription in vitro and on translation in vitro and in vivo. We first test monomeric and dimeric gene constructs, then attempt extension to pentameric gene constructs. “BioBrick” versions of a pET vector and translation factor genes were constructed to facilitate cloning, and His‐tags were incorporated to allow copurification of all protein products for relatively unbiased analysis and easy purification. Several results were surprising, including imbalanced expression of the pentameric constructs in vivo, illustrating the value of synthetic biology for investigating gene expression. However, these problems were solved rationally by changing the orders of the genes and by adding extra promoters to the upstream gene or by moving to a more predictable in vitro translation system. These successes were significant, given our initial unexpected results and that we are unaware of another example of coordinated overexpression of five proteins. Our modular, flexible, rational method should further empower synthetic biologists wishing to overexpress multiple proteins simultaneously. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 1189–1196. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods for the quantitative analysis of herbal medicine in biological fluids: a review
Authors: Gray Michael J. , Chang Dennis , Zhang Ying , Liu Jianxun , Bensoussan Alan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe development of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) and tandem MS/MS for the analysis of bioactive components and their metabolites of herbal medicines in biological fluids is reviewed with the aim of providing an overview of the current techniques and methods used. The issues and challenges associated with various stages of the analytical method development are discussed using Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng as case studies. LC‐MS offers selectivity and specificity in both the chromatographic separation and detection steps. This is necessary in order to measure compounds at extremely low concentrations as is often observed in plasma and urine samples. Traditional methods of detection (UV–visible) do not offer sufficient selectivity and specificity needed. The strategies and pitfalls involved with the measurement of such compounds are discussed in this review. Matrix effects, ‘unseen’ matrix suppression and enhancement ionization effects can significantly reduce the accuracy and precision of the measurement. The impact of the correct choice of chromatography column formats on signal‐to‐noise ratio is also discussed. Analytical methods from sample preparation to mass spectrometric detection is outlined in order to provide good direction for analysts intent on the measurement of bioavailable compounds from herbal medicines in plasma and urine samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palmaris profundus: One name, several subtypes, and a shared potential for nerve compression
Authors: Pirola Elena , Hébert‐Blouin Marie‐Noëlle , Amador Nelly , Amrami Kimberly K. , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe palmaris profundus is a rare, but known anatomic variation which may lead to compression of the median nerve and/or its branches. Two patients with carpal tunnel syndrome are presented in whom a palmaris profundus was discovered at operation. In these cases, median nerve compression at the wrist was attributed to the course of the extra tendon and its local mass effect on the nerve (i.e., the palmaris profundus and median nerve shared a common sheath); more commonly, the resultant decreased available space for the median nerve within the carpal tunnel due to the presence of an accessory (10th) flexor tendon is thought to be responsible. Postoperative 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to demonstrate the full course of the variant muscle; despite variations in the size and longitudinal extent of the accessory musculotendinous unit, an important similarity was noted: the intimate relationship of the median nerve and the palmaris profundus. These two cases and our review of the literature highlight the fact that one name (i.e. palmaris profundus) reflects several anatomic subtypes. However, the close relationship of the palmaris profundus with the median nerve in the forearm and the palm is a common theme which emphasizes the potential pathoanatomic consequences of this relationship: nerve compression. Clin. Anat. 22:643–648, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shape, height, and location of the lingula for sagittal ramus osteotomy in Thais
Authors: Jansisyanont P. , Apinhasmit W. , Chompoopong S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the shape, height, and location of the lingula in relation to surrounding structures for sagittal ramus osteotomy. Dried Thai mandibles were studied and compared with other races. From both sides of 92 mandibles, the shape of the lingula was classified into triangular, truncated, nodular, or assimilated types. Of 92 mandibles, 146 sides with at least a premolar and a molar on the same side were selected for distance measurement. Height of the lingula was measured from the lingular tip to the mandibular foramen. The location was determined by five distances from the lingular tip to: the anterior and the posterior borders of the mandibular ramus, the mandibular notch, the distal surface of the mandibular second molar, and the occlusal plane. The results showed that truncated lingulae were most frequently found (46.2%) and most appeared to be bilateral (71.7%). Triangular, nodular, and assimilated shapes presented in 29.9%, 19.6%, and 4.3%, respectively. The mean lingular height was 8.2 ± 2.3 mm. The lingula was located at 20.6 ± 3.5 mm from the anterior border of the mandibular ramus and 16.6 ± 2.9 mm from the mandibular notch. In the majority of the mandibles studied, the lingula was located above the occlusal plane. In conclusion, the shape and metric characteristics of the lingula in relation to surrounding structures in Thais vary from other races. All parameters associated with the lingula should be considered for sagittal ramus osteotomy to avoid intraoperative complications. Clin. Anat. 22:787–793, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of anterior abdominal wall scars on the vascular anatomy of the abdominal wall: A cadaveric and clinical study with clinical implications
Authors: Rozen Warren M. , Garcia‐Tutor Emilio , Alonso‐Burgos Alberto , Corlett Russell J. , Taylor G. Ian , Ashton Mark W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe anterior abdominal wall integument is frequently used in a range of reconstructive flaps. These tissues are supplied by the deep and superficial inferior epigastric arteries (DIEA and SIEAs) and the deep and superficial superior epigastric arteries (DSEA and SSEAs). Previous abdominal wall surgery alters this vascular anatomy and may influence flap design. One hundred and sixty‐eight patients underwent abdominal wall computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for preoperative imaging. Fifty‐eight of these patients had undergone previous abdominal surgery, and were assessed for scar pattern and relationship to the course and distribution of all major axial vessels and perforators. Two cadaveric abdominal wall specimens with midline abdominal scars underwent contrast injection of the DIEAs and DSEAs, with subsequent CTA. The course and distribution of all cutaneous vessels were assessed. In all clinical and cadaveric cases, the vasculature of the abdominal wall had been altered by previous surgery. In the clinical cases, vascular architecture was universally altered in the region of the scar, often modifying the filling patterns of the abdominal wall and occasionally precluding the use of an abdominal wall flap. In both cadaveric specimens, regions of non‐filling were evident upon contrast injection, highlighting the angiosomes not supplied by the DIEA or DSEA. Previous abdominal wall surgery necessarily alters the vascular architecture of the abdominal wall, and may alter the source vessels supplying cutaneous tissues. CTA was useful in identifying and delineating these changes, and may be used as a preoperative tool in this role. Clin. Anat. 22:815–822, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Characterization, Redox Properties, and Photodynamics of Donor–Acceptor Nanohybrids Composed of Size‐Controlled Cup‐Shaped Nanocarbons and Porphyrins
Authors: Ohtani Masataka , Saito Kenji , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCup‐shaped nanocarbons (CNC) generated by the electron‐transfer reduction of cup‐stacked carbon nanotubes have been functionalized with porphyrins (H2P) as light‐capturing chromophores. The resulting donor–acceptor nanohybrid has been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman and IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The weight of the porphyrins attached to the cup‐shaped nanocarbons was determined as 20 % by TGA and elemental analysis. The UV/Vis absorption spectrum of CNC(H2P)n in DMF agrees well with that obtained by the superposition of reference porphyrin (ref‐H2P) and cup‐shaped nanocarbons. The photoexcitation of the CNC(H2P)n nanohybrid results in formation of the charge‐separated (CS) state to attain the longest CS lifetime (0.64±0.01 ms) ever reported for donor–acceptor nanohybrids, which may arise from efficient electron migration following the charge separation. The formation of a radical ion pair was detected directly by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements under photoirradiation of CNC(H2P)n with a high‐pressure mercury lamp in frozen DMF at 153 K. The observed ESR signal at g=2.0044 agrees with that of ref‐H2P.+ produced by one‐electron oxidation with [Ru(bpy)3]3+ in deaerated CHCl3, indicating the formation of H2P.+. The electron‐acceptor ability of the reference CNC compound (ref‐CNC) was also examined by the electron‐transfer reduction of ref‐CNC by a series of semiquinone radical anions.
Mesoporous Hybrid Materials Containing Nanoscopic “Binding Pockets” for Colorimetric Anion Signaling in Water by using Displacement Assays
Authors: Comes María , Aznar Elena , Moragues María , Marcos M. Dolores , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix , Soto Juan , Villaescusa Luis A. , Gil Luis , Amorós Pedro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMesoporous solids functionalized with anion‐binding groups have proved to be suitable anion hosts and have been used in selective colorimetric displacement assays. The material UVM‐7, a mesoporous MCM41‐type support characterized by the presence of nanometric mesoporous particle conglomerates, was selected as inorganic scaffolding. Reaction of the template‐free UVM‐7 solid with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (1) yielded solid S1, from which the derivatives S2 and S3 were obtained by reaction with 2‐methylthio‐2‐imidazoline hydroiodide (2) and butyl isocyanate (3), respectively. Solids S4 and S5 were prepared by reaction of the starting mesoporous UVM‐7 scaffolding with N‐methyl‐N′‐propyltrimethoxysilyl imidazolium chloride (4) and with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl‐N,N,N‐trimethylammonium chloride (5), respectively. The solids synthesized contain mesoporous binding pockets that can interact with anions through electrostatic attractive forces (S1, S2, S4, S5) and hydrogen‐bonding interactions (S1, S2, S3, S4). These functionalized solids were loaded with a dye (d) capable of interacting coordinatively with the anchored binding sites, in our case 5‐carboxyfluorescein, to yield the hybrid materials S1d, S2d, S3d, S4d and S5d. These dye‐containing solids are the signaling reporters. Their sensing ability towards a family of carboxylates, namely acetate, citrate, lactate, succinate, oxalate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, glutamate and certain nucleotides, has been studied in pure water at pH 7.5 (Hepes, 0.01 mol dm−3). In the sensing protocol, a particular analyte may be bonded preferentially by the nanoscopic functionalized pocket, leading to delivery of the dye to the solution and resulting in colorimetric detection of the guest. The response to a given anion depends on the characteristics of the binding pockets and the specific interaction of the anion with the binding groups in the mesopores. We believe that the possibility of using a wide variety of mesoporous supports that can easily be functionalized with anion‐binding sites, combined with suitable dyes as indicators, make this approach significant for opening new perspectives in the design of chromogenic assays for anion detection in pure water.
ChemInform Abstract: Isothermal Section of the Ce—Au—Sb System at 870 K.
Authors: Salamakha L. P. , Bauer E. , Mudryi S. I. , Goncalves A. P. , Almeida M. , Noel H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of Spinel CuAl2O4 Nanoparticles by a Sonochemical Method.
Authors: Lv Weizhong , Liu Bo , Qiu Qi , Wang Fang , Luo Zhongkuan , Zhang Peixin , Wei Shaohui 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Dielectric and Electrical Properties of LiBaFeWO6.
Authors: Sahoo M. P. K. , Kumar N. , Choudhary R. N. P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of (OsO3F2)2·2XeOF4 and the Raman Spectra of (OsO3F2)∞, (OsO3F2)2, and (OsO3F2)2·2XeOF4.
Authors: Hughes Michael J. , Mercier Helene P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Ritter Reactions of Chiral Secondary Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Rubenbauer Philipp , Bach Thorsten 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Secondary α‐Perfluoroalkyl‐ and Tertiary α,α‐Bis(perfluoroalkyl)‐N‐methylprolinols and Their Catalytic Activities in the Acyl Transfer Reaction.
Authors: Funabiki Kazumasa , Shibata Akitsugu , Hatano Keisuke , Matsui Masaki 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Chemoselective N‐Benzyloxycarbonylation of Amines Using TBAB as a Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Babu Kothamasu Suresh , Rao Vidadala Rama Subba , Rao Ravu Ranga , Babu Sakhamuri Sivaram , Rao Janaswami Madhusudana 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Water: A Suitable Medium for the Petasis Borono‐Mannich Reaction
Authors: Candeias Nuno R. , Veiros Luis F. , Afonso Carlos A. M. , Gois Pedro M. P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion‐Catalyzed Addition of γ‐Silylallenyl Esters to Aldehydes: A New Entry into [3.2.1] Bicyclic Natural Products.
Authors: Maity Pradip , Lepore Salvatore D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arylbromides from Arenes and N‐Bromosuccinimide (NBS) in Acetonitrile — A Convenient Method for Aromatic Bromination.
Authors: Zysman‐Colman Eli , Arias Karla , Siegel Jay S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Remarkable Access to γ‐Fluoroalkylated Propargylamine Derivatives or Fluoroalkylated Dihydroisoxazoles via the Reaction of Fluoroalkylated Acetylides with Various Nitrones.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Moriyasu Kazuki , Ishihara Takashi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hemilabile‐Coordinated Copper‐Promoted Amination of Aryl Halides with Ammonia in Aqueous Ethylene Glycol under Atmosphere Pressure.
Authors: Guo Zhennue , Guo Jiayi , Song Ying , Wang Limin , Zou Gang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Convenient TsOH‐Induced Allylboration of Ketones
Authors: Matsuoka Hiroaki , Kondo Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.