bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Passive Integrated Transponder Tags on Smolt-to-Adult Recruit Survival, Growth, and Behavior of Hatchery Spring Chinook Salmon
Authors: Knudsen Curtis M. , Johnston Mark V. , Schroder Steven L. , Bosch William J. , Fast David E. , Strom Charles R. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We tagged juvenile upper Yakima River hatchery spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha with passive integrated transponder (PIT) and coded wire snout tags in a double-tag study to test the assumptions that tags are not lost and do not affect postrelease survival, behavior, or growth. The average loss of PIT tags was 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7–3.2%) in juveniles before release and 18.4% in recaptures returning 6 months to 4 years after release (95% CI = 17.2–19.5%). Adult tag losses were not significantly correlated with age of return (analysis of covariance, P = 0.40), indicating that the majority of PIT tag loss had occurred within the first 6 months after release. Smolt-to-adult recruit survival (SARS) of PIT-tagged fish was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than that of non-PIT-tagged (NPT) fish because of tag loss and reduced survival, resulting in an average underestimate of SARS of 25.0%. After correcting for tag loss, we estimated PIT tag-induced mortality to be as great as 33.3% with a mean of 10.3% over all brood years (P &lt; 0.05). Mean lengths and weights of PIT-tagged adults were less than those of NPT adults in all age comparisons. However, only age-4 PIT-tagged adults were significantly smaller than NPT fish of the same age (mean length difference = 1.1 cm; mean body weight difference = 0.1 kg; analysis of variance, P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between migration timing of PIT-tagged and NPT adults within the upper Yakima River (Mann–Whitney test, P &gt; 0.09). Given the widespread and increasing use of PIT tags, and their use in calculating critical estimators related to salmonid life history of Endangered Species Act populations, the effects of using PIT tags must be quantitatively considered under actual study conditions and, if necessary, be accounted for.
A Multiple-Release Model to Estimate Route-Specific and Dam Passage Survival at a Hydroelectric Project
Authors: Skalski John R. , Buchanan Rebecca A. , Townsend Richard L. , Steig Tracey W. , Hemstrom Steven 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Previous methods of estimating route-specific passage and survival probabilities for anadromous salmonids past hydroelectric dams have often failed because of faulty assumptions. We present a robust, multiple-release model that combines release–recapture methods that are known to solve parts of the overall problem. Release 1 allows estimation of route-specific passage proportions and relative route-specific survival probabilities. Releases 2 and 3 provide an estimate of absolute survival through a particular route, which gives estimates of absolute route-specific survival probabilities and dam survival when combined with release 1. Releases 1 and 4 together provide an estimate of project (dam and pool) survival. Combining information from all four releases gives estimates of pool survival. The method is demonstrated through a 2006 study of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka passing Rocky Reach Dam on the Columbia River in Washington State. We estimate that the majority of tagged smolts passed via the powerhouse (51.41%, = 2.31%) and the fewest over the spillway (1.71%, = 0.60%). Estimates of route-specific survival ranged from 0.9657 ( = 0.0220) through the powerhouse to 1.0301 ( = 0.0160) over the spillway and through the bypass system. The estimated overall survival was 0.9794 ( = 0.0264) past the dam and 0.9527 ( = 0.0285) through the pool, so estimated survival through the Rocky Reach Project was 0.9331 ( = 0.0121).
Observations of American Eels Using an Upland Passage Facility and Effects of Passage on the Population Structure
Authors: Schmidt Robert E. , O'Reilly Catherine M. , Miller Daniel 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Over two seasons, we observed passage of American eels Anguilla rostrata at an eel passage facility (eel ladder) placed adjacent to an upland mill dam on a small tributary to the Hudson River, New York. American eel use of the ladder was significantly correlated with freshets and moon phase, similar to other studies of eel migration. Most of the migrants were young (&lt;20 cm total length). Several large American eels (&gt;35 cm) exhibited local movements, including use of the ladder, as shown by recaptures of individuals marked with coded wire tags. Operation of the eel ladder greatly reduced the density of small American eels below the mill dam. Placing eel ladders on upland obstructions has the potential to enhance the productivity of silver (sexually mature) eels, an important consideration in the Hudson Valley, where hundreds of barriers have been constructed on upland tributaries.
Superstatistics and renewal critical events
Authors: Paradisi Paolo , Cesari Rita , Grigolini Paolo 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
An approach to intermittent systems based on renewal processes is reviewed. The Waiting Times (WTs) between events are the main variables of interest in intermittent systems. A crucial role is played by the class of critical events, characterized by Non-Poisson statistics and non-exponential WT distribution. A particular important case is given by WT distributions with power tail. Critical events play a crucial role in the behavior of a property known as Renewal Aging. Focusing on the role of critical events, the relation between superstatistics and non-homogeneous Poisson processes is discussed, and the role of Renewal Aging is illustrated by comparing a Non-Poisson model with a Poisson one, both of them modulated by a periodic forcing. It is shown that the analysis of Renewal Aging is sensitive to the presence of critical events and that this property can be exploited to detect Non-Poisson statistics in a time series. As a consequence, it is claimed that, apart from the characterization of superstatistical features such as the distribution of the intensive parameter or the separation of the time scales, the Renewal Aging property can give some effort to better determine the role of Non-Poisson critical events in intermittent systems.
Effect of Plasmodium and Salmonella co-infection in a murine model
Authors: Shukla Geeta , Singh Divya , Sharma Lalita , Koul Ashwani , Rishi Praveen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Plasmodium and Salmonella co-infection in LACA mice. The parasitaemic level, bacterial load, histological alterations and levels of oxidants/antioxidant activity were measured. Co-infected mice had a high parasitaemic level, increased bacterial load, and died earlier than Plasmodium-infected mice. Histologically, co-infected mice had more architectural damage in the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain than the control groups. The level of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased and the activities of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were decreased in all organs of co-infected mice compared to the control groups, indicating depression of the antioxidant defense system. The present study demonstrates more severe histological and biochemical alterations in co-infected mice, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for selection of appropriate treatments and reducing the likelihood of further complications.
Efficacy of preoperative embolization in management of carotid body tumours — a pilot study
Authors: Arnold Divya , Bit Nupur , Turel Mazda , Shyamkumar N. , Stephen Edwin , Agarwal Sunil 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHenoch The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative embolization in the management of carotid body tumours. Of the 15 patients admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery (General Surgery Unit II), Christian Medical College, Vellore, from January 1st 2002 to December 31st 2006 for management of carotid body tumours, 4 patients underwent preoperative embolization and were grouped together. Of the remaining 9 patients who underwent surgical excision, there were 5 with comparable tumour size and these were grouped together into the control group. Surgical outcome of both the groups were compared in terms of operating time, intraoperative blood loss, nerve injury, postoperative morbidity and mortality. There was statistically significant reduction in blood loss and duration of surgery in patients who underwent preoperative embolization. In conclusion, the preoperative embolization is effective in the management of Shamblin type III carotid body tumours.
Reliability and validity of the EORTC QLQ-C30 in palliative care cancer patients
Authors: Jocham Hubert , Dassen Theo , Widdershoven Guy , Halfens Ruud 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPalliative care aims at improving the patient’s quality of life. The assessment of this quality of life (QoL) is crucial for the evaluation of palliative care outcome. Many patients require hospital admissions for symptom control during their cancer journey and most of them die in hospitals, although they would like to stay at home until the end of their lives. In 1986, the European Organization for Research and Treatment (EORTC) initiated a research programme to develop an integrated, modular approach for evaluating the quality of life of patients participating in international clinical trials. This questionnaire measures cancer patients’ physical, psychological and social functions and was used in a wide range of clinical cancer trials with large numbers of research groups and also in various other non-trial studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, especially the reliability, validity and applicability of the EORTC QLQ-C30 in a German sample of terminally ill cancer patients receiving palliative care in different settings. The questionnaire was well accepted in the present patient population. Scale reliability was good (pre-treatment 0.80) especially for the functional scale. The results support the reliability and validity of the QLQ-C30 (version 3.0) as a measure of the health-related quality of life in German cancer patients receiving palliative care treatment.
Neoangiogenesis after direct intramyocardial implantation of bone marrow-derived stem cells in a patient with severe coronary artery disease ineligible for percutaneous or surgical revascularization
Authors: Harmandar Bugra , Tansel Turkan , Onursal Ertan , Gurses Nuray , Besisik Sevgi , Sargin Deniz 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) may be an alternative for the treatment of patients with severe coronary artery disease ineligible for either percutaneous or surgical revascularization. This case report presents a 65-year-old male patient with untreatable angina pectoris (Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class III) and severe coronary artery disease. A mixture of BMSC containing approximately 3×106 CD34+ cells was directly injected into preoperatively determined ischemic regions of the myocardium by median sternotomy. At baseline, at 3 months, and at 1 year of follow-up, echocardiography (demonstrating wall motions of 16 segments), single-photon emission computed tomography, and coronary angiography (at baseline and at 1 year) were performed to assess myocardial perfusion, left ventricular (LV) function and coronary anatomy. The patient reached Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class I after 6 months of cell implantation. The ejection fraction increased from 34% to 37% at the third month and 40% at 1 year of follow-up. At 1 year of follow-up, preoperatively akinetic mid-base septum and anteroseptal regions progressed to mild hipokinesia and severe hypokinetic mid-base-apical anterior regions and apical lateral-inferior regions became normokinesia. Single-photon emission computed tomography revealed a visible improvement in anterior and lateral segments at 1 year of follow-up. Coronary angiography showed newly developed collateral arteries at 1 year of follow-up. BMSC transplantation in a patient with severe coronary artery disease resulted in increase of LV ejection fraction, an increase of the perfusion of ischemic myocardial regions, and improvement in wall motion defects without any adverse events.
Unusual case of calciphylaxis associated with digital necrosis and penile necrosis
Authors: Uygur Fatih , Sever Celalettin , Noyan Nurettin , Küçükodaci Zafer 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCalciphylaxis is a relatively rare disorder associated with calcification of small- and medium-sized blood vessels, progressive ischemic skin necrosis, and ulcerations. This situation is a potentially life-threatening condition seen in patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD). A 64-year-old man with ESRD on dialysis for 6 years was admitted to our clinic with severe pain and partial necrosis of some fingers on his right hand. In addition, the patient had suffered from diabetes for 22 years and had been on insulin therapy for 17 years. His necrotic fingers were amputated. After two months, necrosis on his glans penis developed despite medical management. Penile amputation was performed. In this case report, the patient serves to illustrate the spectrum of complications with which calciphylaxis can be associated.
Lipase/amylase ratio distinguishes mild acute biliary pancreatitis from nonpancreatitis
Authors: Choi Joon , Kang Nam , Choi Sang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe report by Gumaste et al. [Gastroenterology 1991;101:1361–1366] that the lipase/amylase ratio (Lip/Amy) could be a new index distinguishing acute episodes of alcoholic (Lip/Amy >2) from nonalcoholic pancreatitis (Lip/Amy <2), with the critical value being Lip/Amy =2, has been followed by some debate between supporters and opponents. By comparing the Lip/Amy in a group of 16 carefully selected patients with mild acute gallstone-related (biliary) pancreatitis with that in a reference group of 44 controls, this study examines whether or not this ratio could be a useful index for diagnosing biliary pancreatitis. Considering that both pancreatic and hepatobiliary systems are blocked by stones, hepatic biochemical parameters such as serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB) were also included in fitting the regression equation. The average value of Lip/Amy in the biliary pancreatitis group was 2.29 ± 0.93, while that in the control group was 1.30 ± 0.99. Thus, Lip/Amy was found to be a significant index for distinguishing mild acute biliary pancreatitis from nonpancreatitis. However, the critical value of Lip/Amy seemed to depend on the diet pattern and cultural background.
Primary prevention of nephropathy in obese type 2 diabetic patient
Authors: Yovchevski Plamen , Boneva Zhivka 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe report a case of a 36-year-old obese man who presented with newly onset diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension. The estimated value of glomerular filtration rate — 203.7 ml/min was associated with the patient being at high risk of developing progressive renal disease. In this case, in order to prevent nephropathy, the preferred therapy was a gradual bodyweight reduction. A low-calorie diet providing an 800 kcal/day deficit was recommended to the patient, as well as an increase in physical activity. After a total weight reduction of 50 kg (33% of initial bodyweight), the patient’s glomerular filtration, body mass index, and blood pressure normalized without any drug therapy. Glucose, blood pressure and lipid target levels can only be simultaneously achieved through body-weight reduction. In the presented case, we show the beneficial effects of bodyweight reduction, and dietary and physical activity changes on high glomerular filtration rate. Bodyweight reduction stops the cascade of events that are caused by glomerular hyperfiltration and the progression toward irreversible renal damage.
Does appendectomy increase the risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Ergul Emre , Gozetlik Erdal 
Published: May 2009

AbstractColorectal cancer ranks third as the most common malignancy in the United States and represents the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The appendix is thought to have a productive effect against colorectal carcinoma by the immune function based on its association with substantial lymphatic tissue. But, an appendectomy is still the most commonly performed emergency surgical procedure. It is aimed to assess the association between colorectal cancer and appendicectomy. The medical records of 455 patients who received medical and/or surgical treatment with the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma in two medical centers in a-five-year period were reviewed. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the colonic localization of the tumor, appendectomy status and their body mass indexes (BMI). In order to define independent predictors of colon adeno-cancer, multiple logistic regression analysis was used. Statistically significant variables according to the univariate statistics were selected as candidate variables for multiple logistic regression analysis. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of 455 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, 122 (26.81%) were in right colon adenocarcinoma (CA) group, 267 (56.68%) were in left CA group and 66 (14.5%) were in the rectum adenocarcinoma group. Appendectomy was found as the second highest risk factor in rectum and right colon adenocarcinoma. Being appendectomized increases the risk of rectum adenocarcinoma 3.232 times (95%CI: 1.670–6.254), left CA 2.537 times (95%CI: 1.544–4.168) and right CA 3.607 times (95%CI: 2.056–6.330). In the light of our findings, we suggest that being appendectomized might increase the risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma in sporadic cases.
Total serum testosterone estimation and ultrasonographic volumetric evaluation of testes in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Authors: Jabłonowski Zbigniew , Kuydowicz Jan , Sosnowski Marek , Różański Waldemar , Jabłośki Sławomir , Jabłonowska Elżbieta 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the course of cirrhosis, a variety of disturbances of endocrine glands occur. Degenerative changes in the testes with atrophia and fibrosis of the glandular tissue are often found in men. Twenty-one males with compensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis were studied. The age ranged from 29 to 61 years (mean 47,1). Efficiency of the liver was evaluated according to Child classification. HBC (this needs to be spelled out in parenthesis) or HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) infections were excluded. Levels of serum testosterone were determined and the volume size of the testes was measured using 7,5 MHz sector probe, B&K Medical ultrasonograph, 3535 model. Volume size of the testes was measured in 22 healthy control volunteers, as well; age ranged from 25 to 66 years (mean-46,6). All patients were interviewed about sexual function, particularly possible erectile dysfunction using IIEF-5 questionnaire. The mean testosterone level was 8,89 umol/l (ranged: 7,4–10,9 umol/l) in the study patients [the normal range interval: 8,2–34,6 umol/l]. The level was below the normal range in 4 patients, and low but within the normal range in the remaining patients. Statistically significant lower values of both testes volumes were estimated in patients with compensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis in comparison to healthy controls (p<0,001), however only 5 (23,81 %) study group subjects admitted impaired libido and erectile dysfunction. Decreased levels of testosterone in the peripheral blood and diminished volume size of testes are found in patients suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Erectile dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis needs further evaluation.
A case of type I dual left anterior descending coronary to pulmonary artery fistula
Authors: Celik Turgay , Agac M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We report a case of Type I dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) giving rise to a pulmonary artery fistula via a short LAD branch, causing symptoms of typical angina. This rare coronary artery anomaly is importance to classify; it shows features of both intrinsic coronary artery anatomy anomaly and coronary drainage anomaly.
Improvements in the selection of real components forming a substitute mixture for petroleum fractions
Authors: Eckert Egon , Vaněk Tomáš 
Published: May 2009

AbstractComplex mixtures, particularly petroleum fractions, usually need to be suitably modeled before providing the simulation and other types of chemical engineering calculations. The most convenient way is to describe the original mixture by a substitute mixture. The formerly published approach based on the employment of substitute mixtures of real components can be improved in order to get a closer match between the behavior of the original and substitute mixtures. In the first phase of the algorithm, a new concept of a band around the characterization curves brings wider possibilities for the selection of real components into the substitute mixture. The second phase, which is used to determine the composition of the substitute mixture, can be also improved by considering the global or bulk properties of the original mixture if available. Typically, some of the properties e.g. liquid density, molecular mass and PNA (Paraffinic/Naphthenic/Aromatic carbon) analysis can be measured and used to improve the adjustment of the composition. The improved algorithm is illustrated by an example.
Perceiving patterns in dynamic action sequences: Investigating the processes underpinning stimulus recognition and anticipation skill
Authors: North Jamie S. , Williams A. Mark , Hodges Nicola , Ward Paul , Ericsson K. Anders 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe examined whether skilled and less‐skilled participants process dynamic sequences comprised of numerous elements using relational information or specific display features. Moreover, the processes underpinning anticipation and recognition judgments were compared. Participants viewed dynamic film sequences showing multiple display features and anticipated what would happen next. New and previously viewed action sequences were then presented in film or point‐light display format. Participants attempted to recognize previously viewed sequences. Skilled participants demonstrated superior anticipation skill and were more sensitive in discriminating previously viewed and novel clips than their less‐skilled counterparts. Skilled participants fixated more locations than less‐skilled participants, implying that they process dynamic scenes as a series of relations between display features. The patterns of eye fixation measures differed between the anticipation and recognition tasks suggesting that different processes underpin these two types of judgments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.