bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmunity against cardiac troponin I in ischaemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Volz H. Christian , Buss Sebastian J. , Li Jin , Göser Stefan , Andrassy Martin , Öttl Renate , Pfitzer Gabriele , Katus Hugo A. , Kaya Ziya 
Published: August 2011

AimsAutoimmunity against cardiac troponin I (cTnI) has deleterious effects on the infarcted myocardium early after onset of ischaemia. Here, we explored the impact of cTnI‐autoimmunity in the long term. Furthermore, we studied the effects of cTnI‐autoimmunity on the infarcted myocardium following revascularization measures in terms of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI), which resembles clinical reality more closely.Methods and resultsAfter immunization with either cTnI (n= 10) or a control buffer (n= 14), A/J mice underwent chronic coronary artery ligation. Another group of mice immunized with cTnI (n= 13) underwent temporary coronary artery occlusion and were compared with non‐immunized controls (n= 17). Left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography. Hearts were obtained for histological evaluation. Immunological responses were quantified by analysis of cytokine and chemokine patterns as well as anti‐cTnI antibody titres. Myocardial inflammation and cardiac dysfunction were detectable as late as 180 days after myocardial infarction (MI). Previous cTnI‐immunization enhanced myocardial inflammation and dysfunction. Mice subjected to cTnI‐immunization before IRI exhibited a higher inflammation score, an upregulated expression of pro‐inflammatory chemokines (IP‐10, MIP‐1, Ltn, RANTES, TCA‐3) and chemokine receptors (CCR2, CCR5), increased interleukin (IL)‐2, interferon (IFN)‐g, and decreased IL‐10 production along with a markedly reduced fractional shortening after IRI compared with the controls.ConclusionOur results demonstrate for the first time that cTnI‐induced autoimmune response not only leads to increased myocardial inflammation and impaired cardiac function 180 days after chronic coronary artery ligation, but also exacerbates ischaemia/reperfusion injury compared with non‐immunized controls. Hence, the presence of cTnI‐autoimmunity could render subjects more vulnerable to prospective myocardial injury, be it MI, or secondary revascularization measures.
Alcohol consumption and non‐communicable diseases: epidemiology and policy implications
Authors: Parry Charles D. , Patra Jayadeep , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAims  This paper summarizes the relationships between different patterns of alcohol consumption and various on non‐communicable disease (NCD) outcomes and estimates the percentage of NCD burden that is attributable to alcohol.Methods  A narrative review, based on published meta‐analyses of alcohol consumption‐disease relations, together with an examination of the Comparative Risk Assessment estimates applied to the latest available revision of Global Burden of Disease study.Results  Alcohol is causally linked (to varying degrees) to eight different cancers, with the risk increasing with the volume consumed. Similarly, alcohol use is related detrimentally to many cardiovascular outcomes, including hypertension, haemorrhagic stroke and atrial fibrillation. For other cardiovascular outcomes the relationship is more complex. Alcohol is furthermore linked to various forms of liver disease (particularly with fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis) and pancreatitis. For diabetes the relationship is also complex. Conservatively, of the global NCD‐related burden of deaths, net years of life lost (YLL) and net disability adjusted life years (DALYs), 3.4%, 5.0% and 2.4%, respectively, can be attributed to alcohol consumption, with the burden being particularly high for cancer and liver cirrhosis. This burden is especially pronounced in countries of the former Soviet Union.Conclusions  There is a strong link between alcohol and non‐communicable diseases, particularly cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, pancreatitis and diabetes, and these findings support calls by the World Health Organization to implement evidence‐based strategies to reduce harmful use of alcohol.
A two‐step process for the reflooding of theMediterranean after theMessinianSalinityCrisis
Authors: Bache François , Popescu Speranta‐Maria , Rabineau Marina , Gorini Christian , Suc Jean‐Pierre , Clauzon Georges , Olivet Jean‐Louis , Rubino Jean‐Loup , Melinte‐Dobrinescu Mihaela Carmen , Estrada Ferran , Londeix Laurent , Armijo Rolando , Meyer Bertrand , Jolivet Laurent , Jouannic Gwénaël , Leroux Estelle , Aslanian Daniel , Reis Antonio Tadeu Dos , Mocochain Ludovic , Dumurdžanov Nikola , Zagorchev Ivan , Lesić Vesna , Tomić Dragana , Namık Çağatay M. , Brun Jean‐Pierre , Sokoutis Dimitrios , Csato Istvan , Ucarkus Gülsen , Çakır Ziyadin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTheMessinianSalinityCrisis is well known to have resulted from a significant drop of theMediterranean sea level. Considering both onshore and offshore observations, the subsequent reflooding is generally thought to have been very sudden. We present here offshore seismic evidence from theGulf ofLions and re‐visited onshore data fromItaly andTurkey that lead to a new concept of a two‐step reflooding of theMediterraneanBasin after theMessinianSalinityCrisis. The refilling was first moderate and relatively slow accompanied by transgressive ravinement, and later on very rapid, preserving the subaerialMessinianErosionalSurface. The amplitude of these two successive rises of sea level has been estimated at ≤500 m for the first rise and 600–900 m for the second rise. Evaporites from the centralMediterranean basins appear to have been deposited principally at the beginning of the first step of reflooding. After the second step, which preceeded theZancleanGlobalStratotypeSection andPoint, successive connections with theParatethyanDacicBasin, then theAdriatic foredeep, and finally theEuxinianBasin occurred, as a consequence of the continued global rise in sea level. A complex morphology with sills and sub‐basins led to diachronous events such as the so‐called ‘LagoMare’.This study helps to distinguish events that were synchronous over the entireMediterranean realm, such as the two‐step reflooding, from those that were more local and diachronous. In addition, the shoreline that marks the transition between these two steps of reflooding in theProvenceBasin provides a remarkable palaeogeographical marker for subsidence studies.
Possibilities for the utilisation of marine by‐products
Authors: Rustad Turid , Storrø Ivar , Slizyte Rasa 
Published: August 2011

SummaryFish industry by‐products can account for up to 75% of the catch depending on postharvest or industrial preparation processes. Different terms such as ‘fish waste’, ‘by‐product’ and ‘rest raw materials’ have been used. The review gives an overview of value‐added processes that provide an alternative to low‐profit uses such as silage, fish meal and mince. The preparation of different by‐product fractions such as fish blood, marine lipids, omega‐3 fatty acids, fish protein fractions and bioactive components with nutraceutical potential, i.e. antioxidants and bioactive peptides, is considered. There are several future opportunities for the preparation of high‐value by‐products such as enzymes, minerals and other bioactive substances including hydroxyapatite, phosphorus, taurine and creatine. Both regulatory status and future market potential need to be considered. In addition, there is a need for technologies that maintain good quality by‐products and ‘simple’ processes to produce bulk products for further refining.
Characteristics and functional properties of wheat germ protein glycated with saccharides through Maillard reaction
Authors: Niu Li‐Ya , Jiang Shao‐Tong , Pan Li‐Jun , Zhai Ying‐Si 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Maillard reaction (MR) under wet reaction conditions with several common saccharides, such as xylose, glucose, lactose, dextran and maltodextrin, were applied to improve the functional properties of wheat germ protein (WGP). The MR products (MRPs) prepared with dextran at pH 11.0 heated at 90 °C in 2% aqueous dispersions heating for 20 min showed better solubility and emulsifying properties. The fluorescence intensity analysis proved the MR occurred, and thinner sheet MRPs were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The relative contents of Cys, Lys and Arg were decreased, which could reduce the chance of protein aggregation through ‐S‐S bonds. Circular dichroism (CD) spectrum expressed the difference in the secondary structures between WGP and MRPs, which may make MRPs show better functional properties than WGP. These results suggested that MR with dextran under wet reaction conditions can be a promising way to improve functional properties of WGP.
Understanding people’s experience of vitreo‐retinal day surgery: a Gadamerian‐guided study
Authors: McCloud Christine , Harrington Ann , King Lindy 
Published: August 2011

mccloud c., harrington a. & king l. (2012) Understanding people’s experience of vitreo‐retinal day surgery: a Gadamerian guided study. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 94–103.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study that aimed to understand the individual’s experience of day surgery for repair of vitreo‐retinal pathology.Background.  Day surgery evolved as a global phenomenon in response to tensions existing between community demand for health‐care services and fiscal limitations. Since then vitreo‐retinal surgery has been routinely performed as day surgery. Whilst studies have reported on patients’ experience’s following inpatient surgery, there has been limited investigation of vitreo‐retinal day surgery from the patient’s perspective.Methods.  In‐depth unstructured interviews with 18 people were conducted between July 2006 and December 2007. Data analysis using philosophical hermeneutic techniques enabled a co‐constructed understanding, where, the ‘conditions of understanding’ as described by Gadamer were established.Findings.  Guided by a Gadamerian approach to analysis, four constitutive themes were identified: ‘the physical Self’, ‘the psychological Self’, ‘the historically located Self’ and ‘the Self located in the community’. Within each theme the participant’s positive and negative experiences were understood in the context of human need, and gaps in nursing care became illuminated. These experiences included: pain, nausea, problematic self‐care and psychological angst.Conclusion.  Insights into the experience of vitreo‐retinal day surgery, gained from this study can be used to inform nurses planning care for people with vitreo‐retinal pathology. Nursing care must address broader patient needs that span multiple human domains, particularly when vision has been threatened by complex pathology.
The effects of nutrient availability on tolerance to herbivory in a brown seaweed
Authors: Hay Kyra B. , Poore Alistair G. B. , Lovelock Catherine E. 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. Plants can resist herbivory through mechanisms of resistance (traits that reduce the amount of tissue lost to herbivores) and tolerance (traits that reduce the negative effects of herbivory on plant fitness). The expression of such traits requires the allocation of plant resources, and consequently, trade‐offs between tolerance and resistance can occur in plants. For marine algae, little is currently known about the expression of tolerance, the relationship between tolerance and resistance, and the impact of resource availability on these traits.2. We manipulated herbivory (simulated or real) and nutrient availability in a series of laboratory and field experiments to test for tolerance to different types of damage under varying resource conditions in the brown alga Sargassum cf. podacanthoides. In addition to growth and photosynthetic responses of the alga, we measured the concentration of phlorotannins (secondary metabolites associated with resistance in many brown algae) to test for possible phenotypic trade‐offs between traits of tolerance and resistance. Furthermore, we assessed whether the limiting resource model (LRM) could predict algal tolerance under different resource conditions.3.
Sargassum cf. podacanthoides expressed traits of tolerance (increased growth rates and reallocation of resources) that were specific to both the type and severity of herbivory encountered. Consistent with the predictions of the LRM, nitrogen enrichment did not alter the compensatory growth responses of the alga. Correlations between growth and phlorotannin content were variable, dependent on the measure of growth analysed, and only weakly influenced by nutrient availability. Nutrient enrichment, however, consistently changed within‐alga patterns of tissue composition and photosynthetic activity.4. Synthesis. Herbivory in the marine environment is often severe, and, similar to higher plants, tolerance to herbivory may be an important mechanism that maintains the productivity of marine algae. We demonstrate the potential applicability of the terrestrially derived LRM to predict algal tolerance under eutrophic conditions. Nutrient‐induced changes to within‐alga patterns of tissue composition should also be considered when evaluating the effects of nutrient enrichment on marine communities. Furthermore, as in higher plants, the relationships between traits of tolerance and resistance are variable in algae, and trade‐offs cannot be assumed.
Fitness inNarcissushybrids: low fertility is overcome by early hybrid vigour, absence of exogenous selection and high bulb propagation
Authors: Marques Isabel , Nieto Feliner Gonzalo , Martins‐Loução Maria Amélia , Fuertes Aguilar Javier 
Published: August 2011

Summary1.The evolutionary fate of natural hybridization is determined by the fitness of hybrids. Specifically, the survival of newly formed hybrids is affected by intrinsic genetic incompatibilities and/or genotype–environment interactions. The influence of these factors on the evolutionary potential of two natural hybrids ofNarcissushas been assessed. Fitness components were estimated in early experimental F1hybrids as well as in natural hybrids of unknown descent.2.To test the efficiency of reproductive isolation, fruit set, seed number and seed mass from interspecific crosses were measured, as were germination rate, radicle vigour and leaf appearance time in F1experimental hybrids in the greenhouse.3.Germination rate, survival and the number of leaves produced were also measured in F1plants transplanted to eight natural sites and compared with plants growing under greenhouse conditions. In addition, to overcome the difficulty of obtaining experimental late‐generation hybrids, fruit set, leaf production, bulb production and bulb size were measured in natural hybrids of unknown descent.4.Experimental crosses indicated weak post‐mating barriers. In the case ofN. cavanillesii,the barriers were virtually absent and interspecific crosses produced the same level of fruit set, seed set and seed mass as conspecific crosses. Fitness of F1experimental hybrids was similar to or greater than conspecific progeny, although some reciprocal hybrids differed on some of the traits measured. No differences were found in hybrid performance between the various natural sites and the greenhouse, indicating a lack of exogenous selection against hybrids. Mature natural hybrids of unknown descent exhibited higher levels of growth and bulb propagation than parental species but very low fertility.5.Synthesis.Hybrid vigour in early life stages and the absence of exogenous selection against hybrids provide an initial advantage for the establishment of hybrids in a wide variety of habitats. These factors, together with higher levels of growth and bulb propagation recorded in hybrids as compared to parental species, may compensate for low fertility, thus conferring evolutionary potential toNarcissusnatural hybrids.
Linking ecological processes with spatial and non‐spatial patterns in plant communities
Authors: Brown Calum , Law Richard , Illian Janine B. , Burslem David F. R. P. 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. Attempts to infer underlying ecological process from observed patterns in ecology have been widespread, but have generally relied on first‐order (non‐spatial) community characteristics such as the species abundance distribution (SAD). This measure has become an important test of several theories of species coexistence, but has proved unsuccessful in distinguishing between them.2. Spatially explicit data are increasingly available for a range of ecological communities, and analysis methods for these data are well developed. However, relatively little work has investigated the potential of these data for similar inference about mechanisms of coexistence.3. In this study, we systematically investigate the spatial and non‐spatial signals of simulated ecological processes. We include neutral, niche, lottery, Janzen–Connell and heteromyopia models, deriving and comparing first‐ and second‐order measures for the patterns they generate.4. We find that the SAD is unable to distinguish reliably between underlying models, with random variation in its shape concealing any systematic differences.5. A new second‐order summary measure of spatial structure derived in this paper, in contrast, proves highly sensitive to the type of ecological interaction being modelled, and is robust to random variation.6.
Synthesis. A simple summary measure of the spatial structure of plant communities is presented and found to be a more powerful indicator of underlying process in simulated data than a widely used first‐order measure, the SAD. The potential for answering important ecological questions using spatial statistics, particularly concerning mechanisms of coexistence in diverse communities, appears to be great.
Four alternatives to a reductive view of knowledge (seeing with a squint)
Authors: Mitchell Derek 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFollowing my own involvement in the rise of evidence‐based medicine in General Practice in the UK, and having seen how this tide has led to a relative devaluation of other kinds of knowing this paper sets out four alternative approaches to the problem of knowledge in a way which both undermines the predominance of a strictly evidence‐based approach and re‐emphasizes these other means through which we come to know the world. Philosophically, this brings together the works of Heidegger, Sebald, Bachelard and Gadamer and shows how these apparently disparate authors suggest that there is, underlying our empirical understanding of the world, a more primordial relationship between consciousness and world which supports empirical or evidence‐based knowledge and without which evidence‐based knowledge cannot be applied in practice. The implications for clinical practice of this kind of thinking should be a more cautious approach to the use of evidence and a greater emphasis and reliance on the discretion and judgement of clinical professionals.
Invited review: Challenges of residential and community care: ‘the times they are a‐changin’
Authors: Jackson R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper seeks to examine a number of issues which relate to the provision of appropriate and high‐quality residential and community care for people with an intellectual disability. A number of key themes emerging from this Special Issue of the Journal of Intellectual Disability Research are identified and explored: (1) normalisation; (2) inclusion; (3) choice; and (4) regulation. It is concluded that the research community has an obligation to assume a higher profile at a time when the quality of life of people with an intellectual disability and their families is under threat. This can be done in a number of ways through: (1) the establishment of demonstration projects, either independently or in association with the voluntary and statutory sector, to explore innovative and practical approaches of enhancing the quality of services offered to people with an intellectual disability; (2) looking at ways of improving the quality of training programmes for care staff by moving away from current approaches that emphasise narrow instrumental competencies to strategies that develop essential expressive and relational aspects of care practice; and (3) offering a more considered and rigorous critique of current professional practice and assuming a leadership role at a time when leadership in this field is lacking.
Reduced oxygen stress promotes propagation of murine postnatal enteric neural progenitors in vitro
Authors: Hegewald C. , Alt R. , Hetz S. , Cross M. , Acikgoez A. , Till H. , Metzger R. , Metzger M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground  Neural stem and progenitor cells of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) are regarded as a novel cell source for applications in regenerative medicine. However, improvements to the current ENS cell culture protocols will be necessary to generate clinically useful cell numbers under defined culture conditions. Beneficial effects of physiologically low oxygen concentrations and/or the addition of anti‐oxidants on propagation of various types of stem cells have previously been demonstrated. In this study, we tested the effects of such culture conditions on ENS stem and progenitor cell behavior.Methods  Enteric neural progenitor cells were isolated from postnatal day 3 mouse intestine and propagated either as monolayers or neurosphere‐like bodies. The influence of hypoxic culture conditions and/or anti‐oxidants on enteric cell propagation were studied systematically using proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis assays, whereas effects on gene expression were determined by qRT‐PCR, western blot, and immunocytochemistry.Key Results  Both hypoxic culture conditions and anti‐oxidants supported a significantly improved enteric cell propagation and the generation of differentiated neural cell types. Enteric neural progenitors were shown to be specifically vulnerable to persistent oxidative stress.Conclusions & Inferences  Our findings are consistent with previous reports of improved maintenance of brain stem cells cultured under reduced oxygen stress conditions and may therefore be applied to future cell culture protocols in ENS stem cell research.
Dinitrogen‐fixing Acacia species from phosphorus‐impoverished soils resorb leaf phosphorus efficiently
Authors: HE HONGHUA , BLEBY TIM M. , VENEKLAAS ERIK J. , LAMBERS HANS 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption from senescing leaves were studied, and the contribution of N and P cycling through litterfall to soil nutrient patchiness was investigated for four Acacia species in the Great Sandy Desert in north‐western Australia. N and P concentrations of mature and recently shed leaves were analysed and compared; soils under the canopies of the shrubs and soils in gaps (open areas) between the shrubs were also analysed and compared for N and P concentrations. Mature leaf P concentrations of the plants were considerably lower than the global average values, and N : P ratios of mature leaves were high. Plants derived 0–75% of their leaf N from symbiotic N2‐fixation. N‐resorption efficiency was between 0 and 43%, and P‐resorption efficiency was between 32 and 79%; all plants were more efficient at P resorption than at N resorption, and litter N : P ratios were significantly higher than mature leaf N : P ratios. Soils of the study sites were P‐impoverished. Total soil N and P concentrations were higher under the canopy than in gaps, but bicarbonate‐extractable P concentration was higher in gaps. Nutrient cycling through litterfall results in soil nutrient patchiness and forms ‘islands of fertility’ under the canopies of the shrubs.