bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-proliferative effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on preneoplastic lesions formation in the rat liver
Authors: Jiménez-García Mónica Noemí , Arellanes-Robledo Jaime , Aparicio-Bautista Diana Ivette , Rodríguez-Segura Miguel Ángel , Villa-Treviño Saúl , Godina-Nava Juan José 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Recently, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have been studied with great interest due to their possible effects on human health. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 4.5 mT - 120 Hz ELF-EMF on the development of preneoplastic lesions in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis.

Methods
Male Fischer-344 rats were subjected to the modified resistant hepatocyte model and were exposed to 4.5 mT - 120 Hz ELF-EMF. The effects of the ELF-EMF on hepatocarcinogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle progression were evaluated by histochemical, TUNEL assay, caspase 3 levels, immunohistochemical and western blot analyses.

Results
The application of the ELF-EMF resulted in a decrease of more than 50% of the number and the area of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive preneoplastic lesions (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively) and glutathione S-transferase placental expression (P = 0.01). The number of TUNEL-positive cells and the cleaved caspase 3 levels were unaffected; however, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67, and cyclin D1 expression decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.03), as compared to the sham-exposure group.

Conclusion
The application of 4.5 mT - 120 Hz ELF-EMF inhibits preneoplastic lesions chemically induced in the rat liver through the reduction of cell proliferation, without altering the apoptosis process.
Hedgehog/Gli supports androgen signaling in androgen deprived and androgen independent prostate cancer cells
Authors: Chen Mengqian , Feuerstein Michael A. , Levina Elina , Baghel Prateek S. , Carkner Richard D. , Tanner Matthew J. , Shtutman Michael , Vacherot Francis , Terry Stéphane , de la Taille Alexandre , Buttyan Ralph 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) develops as a consequence of hormone therapies used to deplete androgens in advanced prostate cancer patients. CRPC cells are able to grow in a low androgen environment and this is associated with anomalous activity of their endogenous androgen receptor (AR) despite the low systemic androgen levels in the patients. Therefore, the reactivated tumor cell androgen signaling pathway is thought to provide a target for control of CRPC. Previously, we reported that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling was conditionally activated by androgen deprivation in androgen sensitive prostate cancer cells and here we studied the potential for cross-talk between Hh and androgen signaling activities in androgen deprived and androgen independent (AI) prostate cancer cells.

Results
Treatment of a variety of androgen-deprived or AI prostate cancer cells with the Hh inhibitor, cyclopamine, resulted in dose-dependent modulation of the expression of genes that are regulated by androgen. The effect of cyclopamine on endogenous androgen-regulated gene expression in androgen deprived and AI prostate cancer cells was consistent with the suppressive effects of cyclopamine on the expression of a reporter gene (luciferase) from two different androgen-dependent promoters. Similarly, reduction of smoothened (Smo) expression with siRNA co-suppressed expression of androgen-inducible KLK2 and KLK3 in androgen deprived cells without affecting the expression of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA or protein. Cyclopamine also prevented the outgrowth of AI cells from androgen growth-dependent parental LNCaP cells and suppressed the growth of an overt AI-LNCaP variant whereas supplemental androgen (R1881) restored growth to the AI cells in the presence of cyclopamine. Conversely, overexpression of Gli1 or Gli2 in LNCaP cells enhanced AR-specific gene expression in the absence of androgen. Overexpressed Gli1/Gli2 also enabled parental LNCaP cells to grow in androgen depleted medium. AR protein co-immunoprecipitates with Gli2 protein from transfected 293T cell lysates.

Conclusions
Collectively, our results indicate that Hh/Gli signaling supports androgen signaling and AI growth in prostate cancer cells in a low androgen environment. The finding that Gli2 co-immunoprecipitates with AR protein suggests that an interaction between these proteins might be the basis for Hedgehog/Gli support of androgen signaling under this condition.
Effects of dietary sodium on performance, flight and compensation strategies in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Xiao Kai , Shen Ke , Zhong Jian-Feng , Li Guo-Qing 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Sodium is critical for many physiological functions in insects. Herbivorous insects should expend considerable energy to compensate for sodium deficiency due to low sodium concentration in most inland plants upon which they feed. However, sodium compensation behaviors such as mud-puddling have been observed in some species but not in others. We expect that there may be other sodium compensation strategies in insects. Here, we select a rarely mud-puddling insect species, the cotton boll worm, Helicoverpa armigera, and determine the effects of dietary sodium on performance and flight, and examine their means of sodium compensation.

Results
When freshly hatched H. armigera neonates were cultured on one of three diets differing in sodium contents (diet A, B and C with a high, middle and low sodium concentrations, respectively), the larvae on diet C grew larger, had a higher mortality rate and a shorter development period than those on diet A and B. The larvae previously fed from 1st to 3rd instar on diet C consumed more subsequent diet when they were transferred to diet A or C at 4th instar, comparing to those previously fed on diet A. Moreover, any 4th-instar larvae on diet C consumed a greater amount of food than those on diet A, no matter which diet the larvae had previously ingested from 1st to 3rd instar. Moths from diet A and B flew more rapidly than those from diet C, with similar sugar and lipid utilization rates among the three test groups. When a 5th-instar cannibal from diet A, B or C and a 5th-instar victim from diet A were housed together, many more cannibals from diet C ate their victims. When a victim from diet A, B or C was provided, a cannibal from diet C was more likely to eat the victim from diet A. When newly emerged moths had been exposed to 3% sodium chloride solution for all scotophase period, the average weight increase (proxy for sodium solution intake) for moths from diet A was lower than those from diet B or C.

Conclusion
Sodium-deficient diet resulted in rapid growth and development of H. armigera larvae, decreased larvae survival, and reduced flight speed of H. armigera adults. To compensate for sodium deficiency, H. armigera ingested a large quantity of larval food, increased larval cannibalism incidence and harvested sodium during the adult stage.
A preliminary result of three-dimensional microarray technology to gene analysis with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration specimens and pancreatic juices
Authors: Nonogaki Koji , Itoh Akihiro , Kawashima Hiroki , Ohno Eizaburo , Ishikawa Takuya , Matsubara Hiroshi , Itoh Yuya , Nakamura Yosuke , Nakamura Masanao , Miyahara Ryoji , Ohmiya Naoki , Ishigami Masatoshi , Katano Yoshiaki , Goto Hidemi , Hirooka Yoshiki 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Analysis of gene expression and gene mutation may add information to be different from ordinary pathological tissue diagnosis. Since samples obtained endoscopically are very small, it is desired that more sensitive technology is developed for gene analysis. We investigated whether gene expression and gene mutation analysis by newly developed ultra-sensitive three-dimensional (3D) microarray is possible using small amount samples from endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) specimens and pancreatic juices.

Methods
Small amount samples from 17 EUS-FNA specimens and 16 pancreatic juices were obtained. After nucleic acid extraction, the samples were amplified with labeling and analyzed by the 3D microarray.

Results
The analyzable rate with the microarray was 46% (6/13) in EUS-FNA specimens of RNAlater® storage, and RNA degradations were observed in all the samples of frozen storage. In pancreatic juices, the analyzable rate was 67% (4/6) in frozen storage samples and 20% (2/10) in RNAlater® storage. EUS-FNA specimens were classified into cancer and non-cancer by gene expression analysis and K-ras codon 12 mutations were also detected using the 3D microarray.

Conclusions
Gene analysis from small amount samples obtained endoscopically was possible by newly developed 3D microarray technology. High quality RNA from EUS-FNA samples were obtained and remained in good condition only using RNA stabilizer. In contrast, high quality RNA from pancreatic juice samples were obtained only in frozen storage without RNA stabilizer.
Re-inspiration of CO2 from ventilator circuit: effects of circuit flushing and aspiration of dead space up to high respiratory rate
Authors: De Robertis Edoardo , Uttman Leif , Jonson Björn 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Dead space negatively influences carbon dioxide (CO2) elimination, particularly at high respiratory rates (RR) used at low tidal volume ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Aspiration of dead space (ASPIDS), a known method for dead space reduction, comprises two mechanisms activated during late expiration: aspiration of gas from the tip of the tracheal tube and gas injection through the inspiratory line - circuit flushing. The objective was to study the efficiency of circuit flushing alone and of ASPIDS at wide combinations of RR and tidal volume (VT) in anaesthetized pigs. The hypothesis was tested that circuit flushing and ASPIDS are particularly efficient at high RR.

Methods
In Part 1 of the study, RR and VT were, with a computer-controlled ventilator, modified for one breath at a time without changing minute ventilation. Proximal dead space in a y-piece and ventilator tubing (VDaw, prox) was measured. In part two, changes in CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) during prolonged periods of circuit flushing and ASPIDS were studied at RR 20, 40 and 60 minutes-1.

Results
In Part 1, VDaw, prox was 7.6 ± 0.5% of VT at RR 10 minutes-1 and 16 ± 2.5% at RR 60 minutes-1. In Part 2, circuit flushing reduced PaCO2 by 20% at RR 40 minutes-1 and by 26% at RR 60 minutes-1. ASPIDS reduced PaCO2 by 33% at RR 40 minutes-1 and by 41% at RR 60 minutes-1.

Conclusions
At high RR, re-breathing of CO2 from the y-piece and tubing becomes important. Circuit flushing and ASPIDS, which significantly reduce tubing dead space and PaCO2, merit further clinical studies.
Phase I Study of Trastuzumab-DM1, an HER2 Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Given Every 3 Weeks to Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Krop Ian E. , Beeram Muralidhar , Modi Shanu , Jones Suzanne F. , Holden Scott N. , Yu Wei , Girish Sandhya , Tibbitts Jay , Yi Joo-Hee , Sliwkowski Mark X. , Jacobson Fred , Lutzker Stuart G. , Burris Howard A. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose Trastuzumab-DM1 (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate that uses trastuzumab to specifically deliver the maytansinoid antimicrotubule agent DM1 to HER2-positive cells. This first-in-human study of T-DM1 evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary activity of T-DM1 in patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer. Patients and Methods Successive cohorts of patients who had progressed on trastuzumab-based therapy received escalating doses of T-DM1. Outcomes were assessed by standard solid-tumor phase I methods. Results Twenty-four patients who had received a median of four prior chemotherapeutic agents for metastatic disease received T-DM1 at 0.3 mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg on an every-3-weeks schedule. Transient thrombocytopenia was dose-limiting at 4.8 mg/kg; the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was 3.6 mg/kg. The half-life of T-DM1 at the MTD was 3.5 days, with peak DM1 levels < 10 ng/mL. Clearance at doses < 1.2 mg/kg was faster than at higher doses. Common drug-related adverse events (AEs) included grade ≤ 2 thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminases, fatigue, nausea, and anemia. No grade > 1 nausea, vomiting, alopecia, or neuropathy events and no cardiac effects requiring dose modification were reported. The clinical benefit rate (objective response plus stable disease at 6 months) among 15 patients treated at the MTD was 73%, including five objective responses. The confirmed response rate in patients with measurable disease at the MTD (n = 9) was 44%. Conclusion At the MTD of 3.6 mg/kg every 3 weeks, T-DM1 was associated with mild, reversible toxicity and substantial clinical activity in a heavily pretreated population. Phase II and III trials in patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer are under way.
A Comparison of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Trigeminal Neurolysis and Microvascular Decompression of the Trigeminal Nerve for the Treatment of Tic Douloureux
Authors: Apfelbaum Ronald I. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In a 36-month period, 103 consecutive patients have been treated for classical trigeminal neuralgia with either percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal neurolysis (PTN) (48 patients) or microvascular decompression (MVD) via a suboccipital craniectomy (55 patients). The results of these two procedures are tabulated, emphasizing especially the complications that have occurred with each. Successful initial relief of pain was achieved in 88% of the patients with PTN and 96% of the patients with MVD. Two significant complications occurred in the former group. Severe recurrences have occurred to date in 13% of the patients with PTN and in 5% of those with MVD. It is concluded that both procedures are effective, but that microvascular decompression offers the advantage of avoiding sensory loss and associated dysesthetic sensations. Follow-up is too short to conclude that MVD is a curative procedure, but the early results are very encouraging.
Examining the Factor Structure and Hierarchical Nature of the Quality of Life Construct
Authors: Wang Mian , Schalock Robert L. , Verdugo Miguel A. , Jenaro Christina 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThere is considerable debate in the area of individual quality of life research regarding the factor structure and hierarchical nature of the quality of life construct. Our purpose in this study was to test via structural equation modeling an a priori quality of life model consisting of eight first-order factors and one second-order factor. Data were collected from 769 individuals with mild or moderate intellectual disability from 15 countries in four geographic regions. They all completed a multidimensional quality of life questionnaire. The presence of a single second-order factor in quality of life was empirically demonstrated through confirmatory factor analysis. Comparison of two alternative second-order quality of life factor models was further evaluated. Implications for future research, practice, and public policy regarding services to individuals with intellectual disability are also discussed.
Autism Symptom Topography and Maternal Socioemotional Functioning
Authors: Ekas Naomi , Whitman Thomas L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Researchers examining the relationship of autism symptomatology and maternal stress have defined symptomatology in terms of level of severity, frequency of occurrence, or symptom type. In the present study, the relationship of maternal perceptions of these dimensions, along with a fourth, symptom diversity, and negative and positive indices of maternal socioemotional functioning was evaluated. Results indicate that each of these symptom dimensions was correlated with most of the measures of negative socioemotional status, together accounting for a substantial portion of the variance in these outcomes. The dimensions were especially robust predictors of negative but not positive maternal outcomes. The need for a systematic multidimensional assessment to evaluate autism symptomatology and its social impact was discussed.
A mellhártya elsődleges daganatainak sebészi kezelése osztályunk anyagában
Authors: Németh Tibor , Furák József , Wolfárd Antal , Géczi Tibor , Tiszlavicz László , Lázár György 
Published: April 2010

AbsztraktCélkitűzés:A szerzők 11 év beteganyagában vizsgálták az elsődleges mellhártyadaganatok sebészi kezelésének eredményeit.Módszerek:25 betegnél (17 férfi, 8 nő) összesen 31 műtét történt elsődleges mellhártyadaganat miatt, melyeket jóindulatú lokalizált fibrosus tumor (benignus LFTP;n= 15), recidív rosszindulatú lokalizált fibrosus tumor (recidív malignus LFTP;n= 2) és malignus pleura mesothelioma (MPM;n= 10) csoportba soroltak. A MPM-vel kezelt betegek 40%-ánál találtak azbesztexpozíciót. Benignus LFTP miatt a tumor épben történő eltávolítását végeztük, 1–1 esetben kiegészítve mellkasfali resectióval és lobectomiával. Recidív malignus LFTP miatt 1–1 komplettizáló pneumonectomiát és lobectomiát végeztünk. MPM miatt 5 biopszia és pleurodesis, 1 nyitott decorticatio, további 4 esetben műtéti mintavétel után második ülésben 2 pleurectomia/decorticatio (P/D) és 2 pleuropneumonectomia (PPN) – extrapleuralis pneumonectomia (EPP) történt.Eredmények:Műtéti mortalitás nem volt. 7 epitheloid, 2 sarcomatoid, 1 bifázisos malignus mesothelioma igazolódott. Malignizálódott recidív LFTP túlélése 1 hónap (él) és 49 hónap volt. MPM esetében az átlagos túlélés 9,7 hónap (3–17 hónap), ha resectio nem történt, míg a P/D vagy PPN (EPP) esetekben ez 17,3 hónap (5 hónap (él) − 29 hónap).Következtetések:A PPN (EPP) és a P/D biztonsággal elvégezhető, jó túlélést eredményező beavatkozás, ami komplett onkológiai kezelés részeként végezhető. Recidív LFTP esetén a tüdő anatómiai egységének eltávolítása javasolt, komplettizáló lobectomiával vagy pneumonectomiával.
Review of the Clinical Studies Using the 21-Gene Assay
Authors: Kelly Catherine M. , Warner Ellen , Tsoi Daphne T. , Verma Sunil , Pritchard Kathleen I. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Purpose.
A major challenge in treating early-stage hormone receptor (HR)+ breast cancer is selecting women who, after initial surgery, do not require chemotherapy. Better prognostic and predictive tests are needed. The 21-gene assay is the only widely commercially available gene signature that can be performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.

Methods.
We conducted a review of the literature supporting the prognostic and predictive ability of the 21-gene assay in HR+ node-negative and node-positive breast cancer patients in chemotherapy-/endocrine-treated and untreated populations.
We considered: (a) How accurate is the recurrence score (RS) as a prognostic factor for distant recurrence? (b) How accurate is the RS as a predictive factor for benefit from systemic therapy? (c) How does the RS compare with other prognostic/predictive factors such as tumor size, tumor grade, patient age, and integrated decision aids such as Adjuvant! Online? (d) How do patients and physicians view the 21-gene assay? (e) What are the cost implications of the 21-gene assay?

Results.
The 21-gene assay: (a) provided accurate risk information; (b) predicted response to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil and to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy; (c) added additional information to traditional biomarkers; (d) was viewed positively by both physicians and patients; and (e) fell within the cost-effectiveness values in North America.

Conclusion.
This assay may be offered to patients with node-negative HR+ breast cancer to assist in adjuvant treatment decisions. Data are accumulating to support the use of the 21-gene assay in HR+ node-positive patients.
Spatially Restricted Integrals in Gradiometric Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Eshagh M. 
Published: April 2010

Spatially Restricted Integrals in Gradiometric Boundary Value ProblemsThe spherical Slepian functions can be used to localize the solutions of the gradiometric boundary value problems on a sphere. These functions involve spatially restricted integral products of scalar, vector and tensor spherical harmonics. This paper formulates these integrals in terms of combinations of the Gaunt coefficients and integrals of associated Legendre functions. The presented formulas for these integrals are useful in recovering the Earth's gravity field locally from the satellite gravity gradiometry data.
The Slug Mite Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) Oudemansi (Prostigmata, Ereynetidae) from Ukraine
Authors: Zabludovskaya S. , Badanin I. 
Published: April 2010

The Slug MiteRiccardoella (Proriccardoella) Oudemansi(Prostigmata, Ereynetidae) from UkraineThe mite Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) oudemansi (Prostigmata, Ereynetidae) parasitizing the lung mollusks, is redescribed based on numerous specimens from Ukraine. These mites were first found in the fauna of Ukraine in the early 1990th.
Spectrometric analyses in comparison to the physiological condition of heavy metal stressed floodplain vegetation in a standardised experiment
Authors: Götze Christian , Jung András , Merbach Ines , Wennrich Rainer , Gläßer Cornelia 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Floodplain ecosystems are affected by flood dynamics, nutrient supply as well as anthropogenic activities. Heavy metal pollution poses a serious environmental challenge. Pollution transfer from the soil to vegetation is still present at the central location of Elbe River, Germany. The goal of this study was to assess and separate the current heavy metal contamination of the floodplain ecosystem, using spectrometric field and laboratory measurements. A standardized pot experiment with floodplain vegetation in differently contaminated soils provided the basis for the measurements. The dominant plant types of the floodplains are: Urtica dioica, Phalaris arundinacea and Alopecurus pratensis, these were also chemically analysed. Various vegetation indices and methods were used to estimate the red edge position, to normalise the spectral curve of the vegetation and to investigate the potential of different methods for separating plant stress in floodplain vegetation. The main task was to compare spectral bands during phenological phases to find a method to detect heavy metal stress in plants. A multi-level algorithm for the curve parameterisation was developed. Chemo-analytical and ecophysiological parameters of plants were considered in the results and correlated with spectral data. The results of this study show the influence of heavy metals on the spectral characteristics of the focal plants. The developed method (depth CR1730) showed significant relationship between the plants and the contamination.