bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study on the deglycosylation mechanism of rice BGlu1 β‐glucosidase
Authors: Wang Jinhu , Hou Qianqian , Sheng Xiang , Gao Jun , Liu Yongjun , Liu Chengbu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIt is proposed that the catalysis of GH1 enzymes follows a double‐displacement mechanism involving a glycosylation and a deglycosylation steps. In this article, the deglycosylation step was studied using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) approach. The calculation results reveal that the nucleophilic water (Wat1) attacks to the anomeric C1, and the deglycosylation step experiences a barrier of 21.4 kcal/mol from the glycosyl‐enzyme intermediate to the hydrolysis product, in which an oxocarbenium cation‐like transition state (TS) is formed. At the TS, the covalent glycosyl‐enzyme bond is almost broken (distance of 2.45 Å), and the new covalent bond between the attacking oxygen of the water molecule and C1 is basically established (length of 2.14 Å). In addition, a short hydrogen bridge is observed between the nucleophilic E386 and the C2OH of sugar ring (distance of 1.94 Å) at the TS, which facilitates the ring changing from a chair form to half‐chair form, and stabilizes the oxocarbenium cation‐like TS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Music on Immunity and Physiological Responses in Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lai Hui‐Ling , Liao Kuang‐Wen , Huang Chiung‐Yu , Chen Pin‐Wen , Peng Tai‐Chu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractResearch‐based evidence supports the effectiveness of soothing music in improving stress‐related psycho‐physiological indices in a clinical setting. However, there is currently insufficient scientific knowledge of the effects of music on immune markers of stress in humans. Therefore, the aims of the study were to compare the effects of music and quiet rest on the levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), heart rate and mean arterial pressure among healthcare workers. By using a randomized controlled trial design, 60 nurses were randomly assigned to the stimulating or sedating music or rest groups for 30 min. Participants' psychoneuroimmunological parameters were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. General estimating equation was used to analyse data. Results revealed that IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐10 were not detectable in this population. No significance differences in heart rate were found among the three groups. However, the stimulating music group had significantly higher mean arterial pressure levels than the sedating music group but no differences between the quiet rest group and the sedating music group. Music with different tempi had little effect on mean arterial pressure. Any effect of music on immune markers of stress requires further research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electroencephalographic activity in neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion in adult rats
Authors: ValdéS‐Cruz ALejandro , Negrete‐DíAZ José Vicente , Magdaleno‐Madrigal Victor Manuel , MartíNez‐Vargas David , FernáNdez‐Mas Rodrigo , AlmazáN‐Alvarado Salvador , Torres‐GarcÍA MaríA Evelina , Flores Gonzalo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) in rats has been commonly used as a neurodevelopmental model to mimic schizophrenia‐like behaviors. Recently, we reported that NVHL resulted in dendritic retraction and spine loss in pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In addition, the hippocampus and PFC are important structures in the regulation of the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Patients with PFC lesions show deficits in the EEG activity. This study aimed to determine whether the EEG activity was altered in NVHL rats. In addition, we also analyzed the locomotor activity induced by a novel environment and exploratory behavior using the hole‐board test. Consistent with the behavioral findings, the EEG analysis of the cortical regions showed that the NVHL rats displayed a lower power in cortical bands. At 1–8 Hz, 9–14 Hz, and 15–30 Hz bands, our findings showed a decrease in the absolute power of the parietal and occipital cortices recordings. In addition, the NVHL rats also showed a reduction in the exploratory behavior tested using the hole‐board test. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the EEG activity was reduced in adult NVHL rats and suggests that this may play a role in the behavioral changes observed in this neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymptotically optimal Bayesian sequential change detection and identification rules
Authors: Dayanik Savas , Powell Warren B. , Yamazaki Kazutoshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe study the joint problem of sequential change detection and multiple hypothesis testing. Suppose that the common distribution of a sequence of i.i.d. random variables changes suddenly at some unobservable time to one of finitely many distinct alternatives, and one needs to both detect and identify the change at the earliest possible time. We propose computationally efficient sequential decision rules that are asymptotically either Bayes-optimal or optimal in a Bayesian fixed-error-probability formulation, as the unit detection delay cost or the misdiagnosis and false alarm probabilities go to zero, respectively. Numerical examples are provided to verify the asymptotic optimality and the speed of convergence.
Optimization of a Six-Strand Continuous Casting Tundish: Industrial Measurements and Numerical Investigation of the Tundish Modifications
Authors: Merder Tomasz , Warzecha Marek 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The main differences in the transient zone extent between the individual strands for the former industrial six-strand tundish configuration is the basis for undertaking this study. The aim this study was to improve the casting conditions by proposing the optimal equipment of the tundish working space. For economic reasons, only the variants with different baffles configurations were considered. It was also dictated by the simplicity of construction and the possibility of its implementation by the base operating steel mill. In the current study, industrial plant measurements and mathematical modeling were used. Industrial experimental data were used to diagnose the current state of the industrial tundish and then validate the numerical simulations. After this, the influence of different baffle configurations installed in the tundish on the steel flow characteristic was modeled mathematically. Residence time distribution (RTD) curves are plotted, and individual flow shares for the investigated tundish were estimated based on the curves. Finally, the industrial plant was rebuilt according to the numerical results and additional plant measurements were performed. A result of the appearance of the baffles in the tundish working space was the reduction of the transient zone extent. The results indicate the increasing share of the dispersed plug flow and a decreasing share of the dead volume flow, with a practically unchanging share of well-mixed volume flow in the modified tundish.
The effect of diffusion on the dynamics of unsteady detonations
Authors: Romick C. M. , Aslam T. D. , Powers J. M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe dynamics of a one-dimensional detonation predicted by a one-step irreversible Arrhenius kinetic model are investigated in the presence of mass, momentum and energy diffusion. A study is performed in which the activation energy is varied and the length scales of diffusion and reaction are held constant. As the activation energy is increased, the system goes through a series of period-doubling events and eventually undergoes a transition to chaos. The rate at which these bifurcation points converge is calculated and shown to be in agreement with the Feigenbaum constant. Within the chaotic regime, there exist regions in which there are limit cycles consisting of a small number of oscillatory modes. When an appropriately fine grid is used to capture mass, momentum and energy diffusion, predictions are independent of the differencing scheme. Diffusion affects the behaviour of the system by delaying the onset of instability and strongly influencing the dynamics in the unstable regime. The use of the reactive Euler equations to predict detonation dynamics in the unstable and marginally stable regimes is called into question as the selected reactive and diffusive length scales are representative of real physical systems; reactive Navier–Stokes is a more appropriate model in such regimes.
Protective effects of vitamins E, B and C andl-carnitine in the prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats
Authors: Tokgöz S Alıcura , Vuralkan E , Sonbay N D , Çalişkan M , Saka C , Beşalti Ö , Akin İ 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective:This experimental study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamins E, B and C andl-carnitine in preventing cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.Methods:Twenty-five adult, male, Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated to receive intraperitoneal cisplatin either alone or preceded by vitamins B, E or C orl-carnitine. Auditory brainstem response (i.e. hearing thresholds and wave I–IV intervals) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (i.e. signal-to-noise ratios) were recorded before and 72 hours after cisplatin administration.Results:The following statistically significant differences were seen: control group pre-vspost-treatment wave I–IV interval values (p < 0.05); controlvsvitamin E and B groups' I–IV interval values (p < 0.05); controlvsother groups' hearing thresholds; vitamin Evsvitamin B and C andl-carnitine groups' hearing thresholds (p < 0.05); and vitamin Bvsvitamin C andl-carnitine groups' hearing thresholds (p < 0.05). Statistically significant decreases were seen when comparing the initial and final signal-to-noise ratios in the control, vitamin B andl-carnitine groups (2000 and 3000 Hz;p < 0.01), and the initial and final signal-to-noise ratios in the control group (at 4000 Hz;p < 0.01).Conclusion:Vitamins B, E and C andl-carnitine appear to reduce cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats. The use of such additional treatments to decrease cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in humans is still under discussion.
Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms predict child problem behaviour: The Generation R Study
Authors: Cents R. A. M. , Diamantopoulou S. , Hudziak J. J. , Jaddoe V. W. V. , Hofman A. , Verhulst F. C. , Lambregtse-van den Berg M. P. , Tiemeier H. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundIt is unclear how the course of maternal depressive symptoms affects child development. We modelled trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from mid-pregnancy to 3 years after childbirth to better determine their associations with child problem behaviour.MethodMother–child dyads (n = 4167) participated in a population-based prospective cohort in The Netherlands. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory during pregnancy and at 2, 6 and 36 months postnatally. When children were 3 years old, problem behaviour was assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist completed by each parent. A group-based modelling technique was used to model trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and to examine their association with child problem behaviour. The added value of trajectory modelling was determined with successive linear regressions.ResultsWe identified four trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms; ‘no’ (34%), ‘low’ (54%), ‘moderate’ (11%) and ‘high’ (1.5%). Child problem behaviour varied as a function of maternal trajectory membership. Whether rated by mother or father, children of mothers assigned to higher trajectories had significantly more problem behaviours than children of mothers assigned to lower trajectories. The model including trajectories had additive predictive value over a model relying only on a summed repeated measure of severity and a predefined chronicity variable.ConclusionsDepending on their course, maternal depressive symptoms have different effects on child problem behaviour. More information is gained by studying trajectories of symptoms, than only predefined measures of severity and chronicity. Moreover, trajectories can help identifying clinically depressed mothers who are possible candidates for early interventions.
The prospects of deliberative global governance in the G20: legitimacy, accountability, and public contestation
Authors: SLAUGHTER STEVEN 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article contends that the ‘G’ system struggles to play a legitimate and effective role in global governance and argues that the G20 could play a important role if the forum was more publically accountable. This article argues that because of increasing forms of public contestation, the broadening agenda of the G8 and G20 and the uncertain status of global cooperation, that the legitimacy of the ‘G’ system is being questioned. As such, it is appropriate to consider deliberative avenues whereby public views could be considered by the G20 in a systematic way to foster forms of accountability. This consideration is animated by deliberative democracy theory and republican theory which advance a normative agenda which seeks to transform governance structures by enhancing the role of deliberation and public reasoning in political life. The article outlines the development of the ‘G’ system's legitimacy, considers possible modes of accountability and public involvement with respect to the G20 and examines the implications of more formalised public deliberation with respect to the G20.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT INFORMATION SOURCES FOR ADVERSE EFFECTS DATA
Authors: Golder Su , Loke Yoon K. 
Published: April 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the relative value and contribution of searching different sources to identify adverse effects data.Methods: The process of updating a systematic review and meta-analysis of thiazolidinedione-related fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was used as a case study. For each source searched, a record was made for each relevant reference included in the review noting whether it was retrieved with the search strategy used and whether it was available but not retrieved. The sensitivity, precision, and number needed to read from searching each source and from different combinations of sources were also calculated.Results: There were 58 relevant references which presented sufficient numerical data to be included in a meta-analysis of fractures and bone mineral density. The highest number of relevant references were retrieved from Science Citation Index (SCI) (35), followed by BIOSIS Previews (27) and EMBASE (24). The precision of the searches varied from 0.88% (Scirus) to 41.67% (CENTRAL). With the search strategies used, the minimum combination of sources required to retrieve all the relevant references was; the GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) website, Science Citation Index (SCI), EMBASE, BIOSIS Previews, British Library Direct, Medscape DrugInfo, handsearching and reference checking, AHFS First, and Thomson Reuters Integrity or Conference Papers Index (CPI).Conclusions: In order to identify all the relevant references for this case study a number of different sources needed to be searched. The minimum combination of sources required to identify all the relevant references did not include MEDLINE
Spatial construction of European family and household systems: a promising path or a blind alley? An Eastern European perspective
Authors: SZOŁTYSEK MIKOŁAJ 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis essay represents an attempt at a re-examination of the Western scientific evidence for the existence of the divergent ‘Eastern European family pattern’. This evidence is challenged by almost entirely unknown contributions of Eastern European scholars, revealing the stark incompatibility of the two discourses. This paper is informed to a large extent by Richard Wall's voluminous research on European household and family systems. Wall's original observation of non-negligible spatial variation within the supposedly homogeneous North-Western European marriage and family pattern is used here as a starting point to show the true diversity of familial organisation in Eastern Europe, which had been placed at the other end of the spectrum of what was long believed to be a dichotomous division in European family systems. The diversity of family forms and the rhythms of their development in historical Eastern Europe presented in this literature should finally free us from a simplistic view of the continent's familial history, and especially from the perspective implied by the notion of a ‘dividing line’.
Negligence, greed and the operation of English charities, 1350–1603
Authors: MCINTOSH MARJORIE K. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the problems that hampered the effective functioning of charitable activities for the English poor during the later medieval years and sixteenth century and examines how the Poor Laws of 1598 and 1601 addressed those issues. It considers four types of challenges stemming from individual negligence or greed as well as the systemic legal obstacles that underlay them. The solutions provided by the Elizabethan Poor Laws placed charitable projects on a more solid legal and administrative footing, facilitating their expansion in the following centuries.
Changes in the distribution and abundance of wintering Lesser White-fronted GeeseAnser erythropusin eastern China
Authors: WANG XIN , FOX ANTHONY D. , CONG PEIHAO , BARTER MARK , CAO LEI 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus is globally threatened with an estimated world population of 25,000–28,000, of which c 20,000 winter at East Dongting Lake, China. We present here the first collation of published and unpublished data on the distribution and abundance of the species in eastern China in recent decades. Lesser White-fronted Goose numbers have declined greatly in Anhui, Jiangxi and Jiangsu Provinces between the late-1980s/early-1990s and recent years: the species’ range has now mainly contracted to East Dongting Lake in Hunan. The relatively stable numbers at East Dongting Lake suggest that the population is not currently threatened, but the extreme concentration at one lake makes the species vulnerable. Lesser White-fronted Geese rely on very specific meadow vegetation exposed after water recession, so changes in water levels or recession timing, due to hydrological changes following the commissioning of the Three Gorges Dam, may affect biomass, palatability and plant species composition of the meadows. Thus, it is critically important to understand the wintering ecology and habitat needs of this threatened species at East Dongting Lake. It is also essential to conduct further synchronous Yangtze River floodplain surveys to assess the current status, distribution and habitat use of Lesser White-fronted Geese throughout the region.
Area characteristics and admission rates of people with schizophrenia and affective disorders in a German rural catchment area
Authors: Losert C. , Schmauß M. , Becker T. , Kilian R. 
Published: April 2012

Background.Studies in urban areas identified environmental risk factors for mental illness, but little research on this topic has been performed in rural areas.Methods.Hospital admission rates were computed for 174 rural municipalities in the catchment area of the state psychiatric hospital in Günzburg in years 2006 to 2009 and combined with structural and socio-economic data. Relationships of overall and diagnosis-specific admission rates with municipality characteristics were analysed by means of negative binomial regression models.Results.Admission rates of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and affective disorder combined decrease with increasing population growth, population density, average income and green areas, while admission rates are positively correlated with commuter balance, income inequality, unemployment rates and traffic areas. Admission rates for schizophrenia are negatively related to population growth, average income and agricultural areas, but positively related to mobility index, income inequality and unemployment rate. Admission rates for affective disorders are negatively related to population growth, population density, average income and green areas, while higher admission rates are correlated with commuter balance, high income inequality, unemployment rate and traffic-related areas.Conclusions.Effects of wealth, economic inequality, population density and structural area characteristics influence psychiatric admission rates also in rural areas.
Observations of internal waves and parametric subharmonic instability in the Philippines archipelago
Authors: Chinn Brian S. , Girton James B. , Alford Matthew H. 
Published: April 2012

Internal waves contain a significant fraction of the kinetic energy in the ocean and are important intermediaries between the forcing (by wind and tide) and interior diapycnal mixing. We report here on measurements from Mindoro Strait in the Philippines (connecting the South China Sea to the Sulu Sea) of an internal wave field with a number of surprising properties that point to previously‐unrecognized processes at work in the region. Continuum spectral levels are very close to typical “background” values found in the open ocean, but internal tide energy in both the diurnal and semidiurnal frequency bands is significantly elevated—and higher at the northern mooring (MP1) than the southern (MP2). Two particularly energetic depth ranges stand out at MP1: an upper layer centered near 300 m, and one at the bottom of the water column, near 1800 m. The upper layer contains both internal tides and a near‐inertial band with upward and downward propagating waves and an apparent spring‐neap cycle. The combination is suggestive of Parametric Subharmonic Instability as the forcing for the near‐inertial band—a conclusion supported by bicoherence estimates. Mixing, estimated from density overturns, is weak over much of the water column but enhanced by about an order of magnitude in the deep layer and closely tied to the internal tide—both diurnal and semidiurnal. Near‐inertial currents in this deep layer are dominantly rectilinear and not well‐correlated with the mixing. Bulk mixing rates at the two sites are less than required to produce property changes seen in hydrography, suggesting additional enhancement elsewhere in the archipelago.
Wind and temperature response of midlatitude mesopause region to the 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Yuan Tao , Thurairajah B. , She C.‐Y. , Chandran A. , Collins R. L. , Krueger D. A. 
Published: April 2012

In this paper we report winds and temperature in the mesopause region (80–102 km) over full diurnal cycles during the 2009 major Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) at Fort Collins (41°N, 105°W). The measurements were made with the Colorado State University (CSU) sodium Doppler wind‐temperature lidar. We deduce the diurnal mean wind and temperature profiles by removing the tidal components from the 24‐h continuous observations and present their anomalous behaviors in connection with this event. These mean wind and temperature measurements reveal significant anomalies in the mesopause region: the mean temperature at 80 km was approximately 30 K lower than the climatological mean; the mean zonal wind ranged between ∼ −10 to 0 m/s from 80 to 97 km and then turned eastward in lower thermosphere in a reversal of the climatological mean wind profile. We further use observations from the TIMED/SABER satellite observations and simulations from the WACCM model to investigate the global structure of this dynamical anomaly at Fort Collins. The satellite observations and model reveal that the anomaly is part of a disturbance that extended from the polar region to Fort Collins. These simultaneous wind‐ and temperature‐lidar observations document the direct impact of a major SSW on the dynamic and thermal circulation of the midlatitude mesopause region.