bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency ablation treatment of soft palate for patients with snoring: A systematic review of effectiveness and adverse effects
Authors: Bäck Leif J. J. , Hytönen Maija L. , Roine Risto P. , Malmivaara Antti O. V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:To assess the effectiveness and adverse effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of soft palate (SP) in snoring.Study Design:Systematic search of electronic databases. Only articles published in peer‐reviewed journals were evaluated. Included were controlled or prospective studies with at least 10 adults (≥18 years of age) without moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnea.Results:Of the 159 articles identified, 30 met the inclusion criteria: two randomized controlled trials (RCT), four clinical controlled trials, and 24 prospective uncontrolled studies. The only placebo controlled RCT indicated SP RFA to be superior compared to placebo. The other RCT, comparing different radiofrequency ablation generators, showed no evidence of differences in snoring treatment efficacy, and only minor differences in patient discomfort. In two of the controlled trials snoring relief obtained by SP RFA was comparable, and in three of them associated with less postoperative pain than other interventions. Radiologic results were contradictory with some trials reporting significant changes of the upper airways, whereas others did not. Neither long‐term side effects nor major adverse events have been reported after.Conclusions:The review provides evidence that SP RFA is an intervention causing less postoperative pain than others, and the risk of adverse effects for the patient seems to be small. It may reduce symptoms of snoring, at least in the short term. However, most of the published SP RFA literature is based on observational studies with a short follow‐up time, which precludes solid conclusions about the effectiveness of the procedure. Laryngoscope, 2009
Increasing efficiency of parallel imaging for 2D multislice acquisitions
Authors: Honal Matthias , Bauer Simon , Ludwig Ute , Leupold Jochen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractParallel imaging algorithms require precise knowledge about the spatial sensitivity variation of the receiver coils to reconstruct images with full field of view (FOV) from undersampled Fourier encoded data. Sensitivity information must either be given a priori, or estimated from calibration data acquired along with the actual image data. In this study, two approaches are presented, which require very little or no additional data at all for calibration in two‐dimensional multislice acquisitions. Instead of additional data, information from spatially adjacent slices is used to estimate coil sensitivity information, thereby increasing the efficiency of parallel imaging. The proposed approaches rely on the assumption that over a small range of slices, coil sensitivities vary smoothly in slice direction. Both methods are implemented as variants of the GRAPPA algorithm. For a given effective acceleration, superior image quality is achieved compared to the conventional GRAPPA method. For the latter calibration lines for coil weight computation must be acquired in addition to the undersampled k‐spaces for coil weight computation, thus requiring higher k‐space undersampling, that is, a higher reduction factor to achieve the same effective acceleration. The proposed methods are particularly suitable to speed up parallel imaging for clinical applications where the reduction factor is limited to two or three. Magn Reson Med 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of partial volume effects on arterial input functions using gradient echo: A simulation study
Authors: Kjølby Birgitte F. , Mikkelsen Irene K. , Pedersen Michael , Østergaard Leif , Kiselev Valerij G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAbsolute blood flow and blood volume measurements using perfusion weighted MRI require an accurately measured arterial input function (AIF). Because of limited spatial resolution of MR images, AIF voxels cannot be placed completely within a feeding artery. We present a two‐compartment model of an AIF voxel including the relaxation properties of blood and tissue. Artery orientations parallel and perpendicular to the main magnetic field were investigated and AIF voxels were modeled to either include or be situated close to a large artery. The impact of partial volume effects on quantitative perfusion metrics was investigated for the gradient echo pulse sequence at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. It is shown that the tissue contribution broadens and introduces fluctuations in the AIF. Furthermore, partial volume effects bias perfusion metrics in a nonlinear fashion, compromising quantitative perfusion estimates and profoundly effecting local AIF selection. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short echo spectroscopic imaging of the human brain at 7T using transceiver arrays
Authors: Avdievich N.I. , Pan J.W. , Baehring J.M. , Spencer D.D. , Hetherington H.P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRecent advances in magnet technology have enabled the construction of ultrahigh‐field magnets (7T and higher) that can accommodate the human head and body. Despite the intrinsic advantages of performing spectroscopic imaging at 7T, increased signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and spectral resolution, few studies have been reported to date. This limitation is largely due to increased power deposition and B1 inhomogeneity. To overcome these limitations, we used an 8‐channel transceiver array with a short TE (15 ms) spectroscopic imaging sequence. Utilizing phase and amplitude mapping and optimization schemes, the 8‐element transceiver array provided both improved efficiency (17% less power for equivalent peak B1) and homogeneity (SD(B1) = ±10% versus ±22%) in comparison to a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) volume coil. To minimize the echo time to measure J‐modulating compounds such as glutamate, we developed a short TE sequence utilizing a single‐slice selective excitation pulse followed by a broadband semiselective refocusing pulse. Extracerebral lipid resonances were suppressed with an inversion recovery pulse and delay. The short TE sequence enabled visualization of a variety of resonances, including glutamate, in both a control subject and a patient with a Grade II oligodendroglioma. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can arterial spin labeling detect white matter perfusion signal?
Authors: van Osch Matthias J.P. , Teeuwisse Wouter M. , van Walderveen Marianne A.A. , Hendrikse Jeroen , Kies Dennis A. , van Buchem Mark A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSince the invention of arterial spin labeling (ASL) it has been acknowledged that ASL does not allow reliable detection of a white matter (WM) perfusion signal. However, recent developments such as pseudo‐continuous labeling and background suppression have improved the quality. The goal of this research was to study the ability of these newer ASL sequences to detect WM perfusion signal. Background suppressed pseudo‐continuous ASL was implemented at 3T with multislice 2D readout after 1525 ms. In five volunteers it was shown that 10 min scanning resulted in significant perfusion signal in 70% of WM voxels. Increasing the labeling and delay time did not lead to a higher percentage. In 27 normal volunteers it was found that 35 averages are necessary to detect significant WM signal, but 150 averages are needed to detect signal in the deep WM. Finally, it was shown in a patient with a cerebral arteriovenous malformation that pseudo‐continuous ASL enabled the depiction of hypointense WM perfusion signal, although dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI showed that this region was merely showing delayed arrival of contrast agent than hypoperfusion. It can be concluded that, except within the deep WM, ASL is sensitive enough to detect WM perfusion signal and perfusion deficits. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tin oxide coating on polytetrafluoroethylene films in aqueous solutions
Authors: Masuda Yoshitake , Kato Kazumi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were successfully coated with tin oxide in aqueous solutions. Tin oxide was crystallized in the solution and formed nanocrystal coatings on the polymer films. The coatings consisted of SnO2 and SnO crystals. They were assemblies of tin oxide nanosheet of about 10 to 50 nm in size and about 5 nm in thickness. The nanocrystal films can be exfoliated from the PTFE substrates. Tin oxide nanocrystal films had a rough liquid surface and a dense substrate‐side surface. Transparency of PTFE films coated with tin oxide was same as that of bare PTFE films in the range from 400 to 800 nm. The PTFE films coated with tin oxide nanocrystals can be pasted on desired substrates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterning of cells on a PVC film surface functionalized by ion irradiation
Authors: Jung Chan‐Hee , Hwang In‐Tae , Kwon Ho‐Je , Nho Young‐Chang , Choi Jae‐Hak 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMicropatterns of cells on a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) film surface were created by using ion irradiation. A PVC film was irradiated with H+ ions through a pattern mask in order to create patterns of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic regions on the PVC surface. The effect of ion irradiation on the surface properties of the PVC film was characterized by using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), water contact angle measurement, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that the chemical environment of the PVC film surface was effectively changed by ion irradiation due to dehydrochlorination and oxidation. The in vitro cell culture on the patterned PVC film surface showed selective adhesion and proliferation of the cells on the ion‐irradiated regions. Well‐defined 50 µm patterns of the cells were obtained on the PVC film surface irradiated to 1 × 1015 ions/cm2. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mediastinal hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Horikawa‐Kyo Youko , Tanaka Takeo , Tanano Hirofumi , Kitayama Yasuhiro , Karakawa Shuhei , Taniyama Kiyomi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMediastinal hemangiopericytoma (HPC) was diagnosed in a 3‐year‐old female. The incidence of this tumor is rare in children, and few data are available to guide clinical management. The surgical resection was incomplete and she received adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The patient is alive without adverse events 6 years after diagnosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:206–207. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of chain‐ends on the thermal and rheological properties of some 40/60 PES/PEES copolymers
Authors: Abate Lorenzo , Blanco Ignazio , Cicala Gianluca , Recca Giuseppe , Scamporrino Andrea 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFour random, differently ended (Cl, NH2, OH, and COO−), polyethersulfone/polyetherethersulfone (PES/PEES) copolymers were studied to investigate the influence of chain ends on thermal and rheological behaviors. The number average molar mass (Mn ≈ 9500 g·mol−1) and the PES/PEES ratio (40/60) of all copolymers investigated were checked by 1H NMR spectra. Thermal degradations were carried out in the scanning mode and initial decomposition temperatures (Ti) and activation energy values of degradation (Ea) were obtained. Glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and complex viscosity (η*) by rheological measurements in isothermal heating conditions (T = 270°C). All parameters determined were largely affected by copolymer chain ends and decreased according to the same order, OH > NH2 > Cl > COO−. The results were discussed and interpreted. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Impact properties and microhardness of double‐gated glass‐reinforced polypropylene injection moldings
Authors: Gamba Matias Martinez , Pouzada António Sergio , Frontini Patricia María 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInjection moldings with weld lines were produced in glass reinforced polypropylene grades differing in filler content using a two‐gated hot runner injection mold. The skin‐core microstructure developed during injection molding was qualitatively analyzed by means of optical and scanning electronic microscopy techniques. The load bearing capacity of the moldings was assessed by uniaxial tensile‐impact and biaxial instrumented falling dart impact tests. Microhardness was also used to ascertain the possibility of using it as a simple nondestructive technique for characterizing glass fiber‐reinforced injection moldings. The properties were monitored at various points to evaluate their variation at the bulk and the knit region. The biaxial impact test highlights the 10‐fold reduction of the impact strength caused by the weld line. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Differential action of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐mediated signaling in breast cancer cells
Authors: Ohura Takeshi , Morita Maki , Kuruto‐Niwa Ryoko , Amagai Takashi , Sakakibara Hiroyuki , Shimoi Kayoko 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs), which are a series of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, have been found in the environment. The primary step in their metabolic activation seems to be associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)‐mediated induction of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 family, although the evidence remains unclear. In this study, we first investigated the effects of five ClPAHs with three to five rings and the corresponding parent PAHs on the expression of CYP1A1 and 1B1 in human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. For the targeted ClPAHs, Western blot analysis of ClPAH‐induced CYP1A1 and 1B1 showed an enhancement in activities in comparison with induction by the corresponding parent PAHs, and the effects of chlorination were especially prominent in phenanthrene. In a further study, using 6‐chlorobenzo[a]pyrene (6‐ClBaP), cotreatment with 17β‐estradiol showed an increase in the expression of CYP1B1 mRNA but not CYP1A1 mRNA. Since the AhR ligand has been reported to induce formation of an AhR‐estrogen receptor (ER) complex, which stimulates transcription of ER target genes, the effects of ClPAHs in MCF‐7 cells transfected with estrogen response elements‐regulated green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes were also investigated in this study. 6‐ClBaP induced a dose‐dependent increase in GFP expression related to ER signaling through AhR activation in the cells, but 3,9,10‐trichlorophenanthrene (3,9,10‐Cl3ClPhe) did not, despite its ability to activate AhR. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of ClPAHs on the expression of the endogenous ER‐responsive genes, cathepsin D, in MCF‐7 cells. 6‐ClBaP stimulated expression of the ER‐responsive genes but 3,9,10‐Cl3ClPhe did not, as in the GFP expression system. These results suggest that estrogenic action mediated ER signaling through AhR activation does not necessarily occur for every ligand that can activate AhR. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Inducibility of metallothionein biosynthesis in the whole soft tissue of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha exposed to cadmium, copper, and pentachlorophenol
Authors: Ivanković Dušica , Pavičić Jasenka , Beatović Vanja , Klobučar Roberta Sauerborn , Klobučar Göran Igor Vinko 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFreshwater mussels Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) were exposed to the elevated concentrations of Cd (10, 50, 100, and 500 μg/L), Cu (10, 30, 50, and 80 μg/L), and an organochlorinated pesticide, pentachlorophenol (PCP) (1, 10, and 100 μg/L). Induced synthesis of biomarker metallothionein (MT) and changes in concentrations of cytosolic Cd, Cu, and Zn in the whole soft tissue of mussels were monitored after a 7‐day laboratory exposure to the contaminants. A clear dose‐dependent elevation in the MT concentration was observed after exposure to Cd at doses of 10–100 μg/L, and this increase of MT content was accompanied with a linear increase of cytosolic Cd. Cd concentration of 500 μg/L caused no additional increase of MT and Cd in mussel cytosol, suggesting possible toxic effects due to exceeding cellular inducible/defense capacity. Cu exposure resulted with variable changes in MT concentrations, with no clear linear relationship between MT and Cu concentrations in water, although a progressive dose‐dependent accumulation of Cu in the soluble fraction of mussel tissues was recorded. A decrease of cytosolic Zn was evident at higher exposure concentrations of both metals used. PCP in concentrations applied was unable to induce MT synthesis, but the higher concentrations of PCP influenced the cytosolic metal concentrations. In conclusion, the results obtained confirm the specificity of MT induction in D. polymorpha as an biological response on metal stimulation, especially by cadmium, being more closely correlated to MT than copper within the ecologically relevant concentration range. The strong induction potential of cadmium as well as an absence of MT induction following exposure to PCP as an organic chemical contaminant are supporting evidences for usage of zebra mussel MT as a specific biomarker of Cd exposure in biomonitoring programs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Prevalence of treated autism spectrum disorders in Aruba
Authors: van Balkom Ingrid D. C. , Bresnahan Michaeline , Vogtländer Marrit F. , van Hoeken Daphne , Minderaa Ruud B. , Susser Ezra , Hoek Hans W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo study autism outside of a narrow range of settings previously studied, and in a particularly distinctive setting in the Caribbean. The aim of the Aruba Autism Project was to determine the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in birth years 1990–1999 in Aruba. A record review study was conducted; cases were ascertained from children treated at the Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic of Aruba, the first and only child psychiatry service on the island. In these 10 birth years we found a prevalence for autistic disorder (AD) of 1.9 per 1,000 (95% CI 1.2–2.8) and for autism spectrum disorders of 5.3 per 1,000 (95% CI 4.1–6.7). Comparison analysis with a cumulative incidence report from the UK, showed a similar cumulative incidence to age five in Aruba. Prevalence of ASDs in birth years 1990–1999 and cumulative incidence to age five in Aruba are similar to recent reports from the United Kingdom and the United States.
The pattern of cognitive symptoms predicts time to dementia onset
Authors: Sacuiu Simona , Gustafson Deborah , Johansson Boo , Thorvaldsson Valgeir , Berg Stig , Sjögren Magnus , Guo Xinxin , Östling Svante , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: April 2009

BackgroundFew studies have examined whether cognitive symptom patterns differ by age and length of time before dementia onset. Our objective was to investigate whether different patterns of cognitive symptoms at ages 70, 75, and 79 years predict short‐term (≤5 years) and long‐term (>5 years) dementia onset.MethodsA representative sample of 382 nondemented 70‐year‐olds from Gothenburg, Sweden was examined periodically up to age 90 years. Information on dementia in those lost to follow‐up was obtained from medical records. Cognitive assessments at ages 70, 75, and 79 years included psychiatric and psychometric examinations. Four patterns of cognitive performance were examined in relation to dementia onset: (1) unimpaired cognition, (2) isolated low memory, (3) low non‐memory, and (4) global low cognitive performance.ResultsShort‐term onset was predicted by global low performance at ages 70, 75, and 79 years and by low non‐memory performance at ages 70 and 75. Isolated low memory was not a short‐term predictor at any examination, but it predicted long‐term onset at ages 70 and 75 years.ConclusionsA global pattern of low cognitive performance predicts short‐term but not long‐term onset of dementia, whereas isolated low memory performance predicts dementia only in the long‐term. Our findings also suggest that preclinical symptoms of dementia might differ by age.
Fourteen‐year longitudinal study of vascular risk factors, APOE genotype, and cognition: The ARIC MRI Study
Authors: Knopman David S. , Mosley Thomas H. , Catellier Diane J. , Coker Laura H. ,   Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Brain MRI Study
Published: April 2009

BackgroundStrokes, vascular risk factors, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype are associated with cognitive decline in the elderly, but definitive evidence that these affect cognition as early as middle age is limited.ObjectiveWe describe the relationships of APOE genotype, stroke, and vascular risk factors with cognitive change over a 14‐year follow‐up in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort recruited while in middle age.MethodsParticipants included a subset of the ARIC Study who underwent assessments of cognitive function and vascular risk factors. Four cognitive assessments were performed between 1990–1992 and 2004–2006. Cognitive assessments included the Delayed Word Recall (DWR) Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) Test, and the Word Fluency (WF) Test. Vascular risk factors were assessed during the baseline visit in 1990–1992. Incident stroke was recorded over the 14 years of follow‐up.ResultsThere were 1130 participants (mean age, 59 ± 4.3 [SD] years; 62% women; 52% African‐American) with longitudinal data. In multivariate, random‐effects linear models adjusted for age, education, gender, and race, the risk factors diabetes and APOE ɛ4 genotype were independently associated with a decline in performance on the DSS test (both P < .005), whereas hypertension and stroke were not. For DWR, stroke and APOE ɛ4 genotype were independent predictors of decline (both P < .001). For the WF test, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and stroke were independently associated with decline (all P < .005). No evidence of differential effects of risk factors on cognitive decline by race, gender, or interactions between risk factors was found.ConclusionsThe vascular risk factors diabetes and hypertension, a history of stroke itself, and APOE ɛ4 genotype independently contribute to cognitive decline in late middle age and early elderly years.
Metric spaces which cannot be isometrically embedded in Hilbert space
Authors: Lu Yang , Jing-Zhong Zhang 
Published: April 2009

Let A1A2A3A4, be a planar convex quadrangle with diagonals A1A3 and A2A4. Is there a quadrangle B1B2B3B4 in Euclidean space such that A1A3 < B1B3, A2A4 < B2B4 but AiAj > BiBj for other edges?The answer is “no”. It seems to be obvious but the proof is more difficult. In this paper we shall solve similar more complicated problems by using a higher dimensional geometric inequality which is a generalisation of the well-known Pedoe inequality (Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc.38 (1942), 397–398) and an interesting result by L.M. Blumenthal and B.E. Gillam (Amer. Math. Monthly50 (1943), 181–185).
Sur les cones (faiblement complets) contenus dans le dual d'un espace de Banach non-reflexif
Authors: Becker Richard 
Published: April 2009

Let B be a Banach space. consider the convex proper weakly complete cones X contained in B′ with σ(B′, B) such that X ∩ B′, is conic in the sense of Asimow: that is, there exists α ≥ 0 and f ∈ B″ such that ‖ ‖B ≤ f ≤ α·‖ ‖B on X. This class arises in the theory of integral representations.If B is reflexive, such a cone has a weakly-compact basis. This paper considers the converse problem:- if one requires that X ∩ B′1 be σ(B′, B) metrisable, the existence of X (without a compact σ(B′, B) basis) is equivalent to the statement that B is not a Grothendieck space.However, in every space C(K) with infinitely compact K, one can find such a cone X. If two such cones in B′ are not too far apart, their sum belongs to this class.
Weakly compact operators and the strict topologies
Authors: Aguayo José , Sánchez José 
Published: April 2009

Let X be a completely regular space. We denote by Cb(X) the Banach space of all real-valued bounded continuous functions on X endowed with the supremum-norm.In this paper we prove some characterisations of weakly compact operators defined from Cb(X) into a Banach space E which are continuous with respect to fit, βt, βr and βσ introduced by Sentilles.We also prove that (Cb,(X), βi), i = t, τσ , has the Dunford-Pettis property.