bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Settlement Behavior of Zoospores of Ulva linza During Surface Selection Studied by Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Heydt M. , Pettitt M. E. , Cao X. , Callow M. E. , Callow J. A. , Grunze M. , Rosenhahn A. 
Published: May 2012

Settlement of the planktonic dispersal stages of marine organisms is the crucial step for the development of marine biofouling. Four-dimensional holographic tracking reveals the mechanism by which algal spores select surfaces suitable for colonization. Quantitative analysis of the three dimensional swimming trajectories of motile spores of a macroalga (Ulva linza) in the vicinity of surfaces functionalized with different chemistries reveals that their search strategy and swimming behavior is correlated to the number of settled spores found in spore settlement bioassays conducted over 45 min. The spore motility and exploration behavior can be classified into different motion patterns, with their relative occurrence changing with the surface chemistry. Based on the detailed motility analysis we derived a model for the surface selection and settlement process of Ulva zoospores.
Growing Skull Fracture Following Monkey Bite
Authors: Deginal Amaresh , Rao Naveen , Balasubramanyam K. , Changty Siddaling 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMost of the skull fractures in childhood heal without sequelae. Rarely, however the fracture site starts widening with time and appears to be growing, and is thus called growing skull fracture. Its late complication is called leptomeningeal cyst, which is practically cerebromeningeal cicatrix with loculated CSF. All most all reported cases are due to head trauma resulting from road traffic accidents or fall. Here we report a case of leptomeningeal cyst occurring one year after having been bitten by a monkey over the site.
Craniovertebral junction injuries in children. A Review
Authors: Wani Abrar Ahad , Dar Tanveer A , Ramzan Altaf Umar , Kirmani Altaf Rehman , Bhatt Abdul Rasheed 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is the most complex and dynamic region of the cervical spine. The wide range of movements possible at this region makes it vulnerable to injury and instability. The special anatomical features make children more prone to injuries of CVJ than adults where lower cervical spine is involved more frequently. The classical clinical manifestation in CVJ injury patients are pyramidal signs including weakness and spasticity, stigmata of CVJ anomalies (short neck, low hair line, facial or hand asymmetry, high arched palate, ), torticolis and neck movement restriction. The history of transient loss of consciousness or sudden neurological deterioration following minor trauma may be elicited. Most authors advocate conservative management (in form of immobilization) of CVJ injuries in children as is true in adults. Halo vest provides superior immobilization in upper cervical and CVJ injuries and can be used in a child as young as 1 year of age with minimal difficulty. Early surgical intervention, i.e. within 2 weeks of injury include is indicated in injuries that cannot be reduced and stabilized by external means, partial spinal cord injury with progressive neurological deficit and in children with extradural hematoma.
Trauma to the cranial nerves
Authors: Bhatoe Harjinder S 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCranial nerve injury is often an overlooked aspect of neurotrauma, which is diagnosed later in the course of recovery. Most of these injuries do not require active intervention in the acute stage. Cranial nerve injuries are important cause of morbidity, which requires long-term management, repeated surgical procedures or reconstructive measures. Management of optic nerve injury remains controversial, and injury to lower cranial nerves may influence the ultimate outcome due to paralysis of aerodigestive passage. Cranial nerve injury in the setting of head injury should be diagnosed early, so that appropriate treatment can be planned early.
Fatal penetrating orbitocerebral injury by bicycle brake handle
Authors: Gopalakrishnan MS , Indira Devi B 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAccidental penetrating head injuries are rare but significant cause of morbidity in children. We report a case of a nine-year-old who sustained a fatal trans-orbital penetrating injury following a fall from bicycle. The plastic sheath of the metal brake handle was lodged intracranially, injuring the brainstem. The CT scan features and autopsy findings are described.
Fatal road traffic accidents and their relationship with head injuries: An epidemiological survey of five years
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Lalwani Sanjeev , Agrawal Deepak , Rautji Ravi , Dogra TD 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn depth studies of fatal vehicular accidents provide valuable data for implementing effective emergency services to reduce the trauma related mortality and strengthening legal measures in peak hours of fatal accidents. We aimed to study, pattern of injuries especially fatal traumatic brain injuries occurring in vehicular accidents. Postmortem reports and clinical records of victims of road traffic accident autopsied during the period of 2001–2005 at Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, were analyzed retrospectively. Out of total 7008 medico legal autopsies conducted during the study period, 2472 (35.27 %) were of vehicular accidents. The male/female ratio was 7.49:1. Commonest age group affected was between 21-40 years involving 1341 (54.24%) cases. Pre-hospital mortality was in 985 (39.84 %) cases. Fatal traumatic brain injuries were seen in 1699 (68.73%) cases. Skull fractures were found in 1183 (69.63%) cases of head injury; most common bone fractured was temporal bone (n=559, 47.25%). The commonest variety of intracranial hemorrhage was subdural hemorrhage (n=1514, 89.11%). The craniotomy was done in 297 (17.48%) cases; maximum mortality (41.07%) was seen within 4–ays. Most commonly injured abdominal organ was liver (n=532, 21.52%). No significant difference was evident in incidence of fatal vehicular accident on weekends and weekdays. However November month took maximum toll of deaths (n=273, 11.04%) of total vehicular accident fatalities in five year duration. 53.20% of fatal accident occurred between 6 PM and 6 AM. The results of study emphasize the need to improve the pre hospital care with provision of trauma services at site and to establish neurosurgical facilities with trauma registry.
Surgical management of traumatic extradural haematoma: Experiences with 610 patients and prospective analysis
Authors: Khaled Chowdhury Noman , Raihan MZ , Chowdhury FH , Ashadullah ATM , Sarkar MH , Hossain SS 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study was carried out to find out the age, sex, mode of injury, localization, clinical presentation, CT findings, operative measures and outcome of extradural haematoma in the patient population at Dhaka Medical College. 610 consecutive patients with cranial extradural haematoma who underwent surgery in department of Neurosurgery from 1st January 2006 to 6th October 2008 were included in this prospective study. Each of the patients were evaluated in term of age, sex, mode of injury, localization of haematoma, clinical presentation, CT findings, operative measures and outcome. Out of 610 cases 86.32 % were male and 13.78 % were female. The male and female ratio was 6.27: 1. Age ranged from 2.5 to 83 years. Commonest age group was 21 to 30 years. Commonest mode of injury was Road traffic Accident 53.45%, followed by Assaults. Most common clinical presentation was headache / Vomiting 63.61 %, followed by altered sensorium 60.66 %. In this present prospective study of 610 cases of EDH, temporo parietal site was involved in 33.45 % followed by frontal region in 23.28 %. Sixty five patients (10.66 %) died; 19 of these had associated brain injuries and 28 cases were deeply unconscious. Extradural haematoma is a neurosurgical emergency where early surgical intervention is associated with the best prognosis. Many factors affects the outcome of extradural haematoma surgery and the most important one is the duration of time between incident/accident and operation in neurosurgical operation theater; mortality can be close to 0% if this time interval can be minimized.
Trephine craniotomy for evacuation of posterior fossa extradural hematoma
Authors: Singh Sunil Kumar , Ojha Bal Krishna , Rastogi Manu , Chandra Anil , Husain Mazhar 
Published: May 2012

AbstractExtradural hematomas (EDH) commonly occur in the supratentorial region where these are evacuated by trephine or craniotomy. Posterior fossa EDH (PFEDH) account for 4% to 12.9% of all cranial EDH and the standard method for evacuation of PFEDH involves a suboccipital craniectomy. Use of a trephine craniotomy for evacuation of PFEDH has not yet been described. This is the first report describing our experience in 8 patients with PFEDH where a sub occipital trephine craniotomy was used for evacuation of PFEDH. Eight patients with PFEDH were operated at our institution using a trephine for making a sub occipital craniotomy. Park bench position was used in all patients. The procedure was safely and expeditiously completed with no significant peri-operative complications related to the procedure. Operative time was comparatively shorter than for traditionally described procedures. Replacing the bone flap also avoids any scope for the possibility of occurrence of the sinking skin flap syndrome. We think that using a trephine for making a sub occipital craniotomy for evacuation of PFEDH is a feasible and safe option. There is no added risk of venous sinus injury. Replacing the bone flap helps to restore the normal anatomy. Use of central and peripheral dural hitch sutures in patients of traumatic PFEDH is feasible and avoids any possible reaccumulation of hematoma.
Multiple nerve transfers for the reanimation of shoulder and elbow functions in irreparable C5, C6 and upper truncal lesions of the brachial plexus
Authors: Bhandari PS , Sadhotra LP , Bhargava P , Bath AS , Mukherjee MK , Bhatti TS , Maurya S 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn irreparable C5, C6 spinal nerve and upper truncal injuries the proximal root stumps are not available for grafting, hence repair is based on nerve transfer or neurotization. Between Feb 2004 and May 2006, 23 patients with irreparable C5, C6 or upper truncal injuries of the Brachial Plexus underwent multiple nerve transfers to restore the shoulder and elbow functions. Most of them (16 patients) sustained injury following motor cycle accidents. The average denervation period was 5.3 months. Shoulder function was restored by transfer of distal part of spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve, and transfer of radial nerve branch to long head of triceps to the anterior branch of axillary nerve. Elbow function was restored by transfers of ulnar and median nerve fascicles to the biceps and brachialis motor branches of musculocutaneous nerve. All patients recovered shoulder abduction and external rotation; 7 scored M4 and 16 scored M3. Range of abduction averaged 1230(range, 800-1700). Full elbow flexion was restored in all 23 patients; 15 scored M4 and 8 scored M3. Patients with excellent results could lift 5 kgs of weight. Selective nerve transfers close to the target muscle provide an early and good return of functions. There is negligible morbidity in donor nerves. These intraplexal transfers are suitable in all cases of upper brachial plexus injuries.
Rapidly resolving acute subdural hematoma. A case report
Authors: Maqsood Ahmed 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRapidly resolving acute subdural hematoma is a rare condition reported infrequently in the literature. A 52 year old man presented with head injury following a road traffic accident. He was drowsy arousable with a GCS score of 13/15. His initial CT brain showed a 0.7mm thick right frontoparietal acute SDH which was managed conservatively. A repeat CT done after an interval of 48 hours showed complete resolution of the Acute SDH with bilateral subdural hypodense collections. He also had associated facial bone and ACF base fractures along with CSF rhinorrhea. Brief review of the literature and possible mechanisms of resolution are discussed.
Teeth in the brain: An unusual presentation of penetrating head injury
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Gupta Vishnu , Chopra Sanjeev , Gupta Pankaj , Bagaria H 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPenetrating injuries other than gunshot wounds or low-velocity wounds to the head are extremely rare. We report the case of a 19 year old male who sustained a penetrating craniocerebral trauma following a road traffic accident. Mechanism of injury seems to share characteristics of low velocity projectiles. We discuss the management of this unusual case reviewing the current literature on craniocerebral injuries caused by similar objects.
The efficacy of the probiotic feed additive Calsporin® (Bacillus subtilis C-3102) in weaned piglets: combined analysis of four different studies
Authors: Marubashi T. , Gracia M. I. , Vilà B. , Bontempo V. , Kritas S. K. , Piskoríková M. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe efficacy of the probiotic feed product, Calsporin® (Bacillus subtilis C-3102) in weaned piglets was evaluated by statistical analysis of the combined results from four different experiments. The body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality data from these four experiments were tested for homogeneity before being pooled and analysed as a whole, with experiment being included as a blocking factor. Piglets fed diets supplemented with Calsporin® were significantly heavier (3.4%) at 43 days (P < 0.05), their feed intakes decreased by 2.1% and feed efficiency (FCR) improved by 3.2% between 15 and 43 days, although these latter differences were not significant. Over the entire study period (day 1 to 43), significant improvements in daily gain (4.8%) and feed efficiency (6.2%) were observed with Calsporin® supplementation (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that Calsporin® at 30 mg/kg inclusion in commercial-type diets can improve zootechnical performance in weaned piglets.
Characterization of genes with a putative key role in the parasitic lifestyle of the nematode Strongyloides ratti
Authors: SPINNER W. G. , THOMPSON F. J. , EMERY D. C. , VINEY M. E. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYParasitic nematodes are significant pathogens of humans and other animals. The molecular and genetic basis of animal parasitism is not yet fully understood. Strongyloides spp. are a genus of gastrointestinal nematodes of which species infect approximately 100&#x2013;200 million people worldwide. S. ratti is a natural parasite of the rat, and a useful and amenable laboratory model. Previous EST and microarray analyses of the S. ratti life cycle have identified genes whose expression was specific, or biased, to the parasitic adult stage, suggesting that they may play a key role in parasitism in this species. Here we have further investigated the expression of these genes (by RT-PCR) throughout the S. ratti life-cycle. We produced recombinant proteins in vitro for a subset of these genes, which were used in Western blot analyses to investigate the distribution of the gene products among different stages of the S. ratti life cycle. We tested the efficacy of these recombinant proteins as anti-S. ratti vaccines. One of the proteins was detected in the excretory&#x002F;secretory products of the parasitic stages.
Platyhelminth Venom Allergen-Like (VAL) proteins: revealing structural diversity, class-specific features and biological associations across the phylum
Authors: CHALMERS IAIN W. , HOFFMANN KARL F. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYDuring platyhelminth infection, a cocktail of proteins is released by the parasite to aid invasion, initiate feeding, facilitate adaptation and mediate modulation of the host immune response. Included amongst these proteins is the Venom Allergen-Like (VAL) family, part of the largerspermcoatingprotein/Tpx-1/Ag5/PR-1/Sc7 (SCP/TAPS) superfamily. To explore the significance of this protein family during Platyhelminthes development and host interactions, we systematically summarize all published proteomic, genomic and immunological investigations of the VAL protein family to date. By conducting new genomic and transcriptomic interrogations to identify over 200 VAL proteins (228) from species in all 4 traditional taxonomic classes (Trematoda, Cestoda, Monogenea and Turbellaria), we further expand our knowledge related to platyhelminth VAL diversity across the phylum. Subsequent phylogenetic and tertiary structural analyses reveal several class-specific VAL features, which likely indicate a range of roles mediated by this protein family. Our comprehensive analysis of platyhelminth VALs represents a unifying synopsis for understanding diversity within this protein family and a firm context in which to initiate future functional characterization of these enigmatic members.
Omnipotence and other possibilities
Authors: LEMBKE MARTIN 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe notion of omnipotence has proved to be quite recalcitrant to analysis. Still, during the last three decades or so, there has resurfaced a clever argument to the effect that, whatever omnipotence is, it cannot be exemplified in God: an allegedly impeccable and all-perfect being. Scrutinizing this argument, however, I find it less than convincing. Moreover, and more importantly, I venture a positive account of my own: a non-technical and distinctively metaphysical definition of omnipotence which, if true, sidesteps quite a number of well-known pitfalls. Also, by way of introduction, I review some earlier attempts.
Gesture and language in narratives and explanations: the effects of age and communicative activity on late multimodal discourse development
Authors: ALAMILLO ASELA REIG , COLLETTA JEAN-MARC , GUIDETTI MICHÈLE 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the effect of communicative activity on the use of language and gesture by school-age children. The present study examined oral narratives and explanations produced by children aged six and ten years on the basis of several linguistic and gestural measures. Results showed that age affects both gestural and linguistic behaviour, supporting previous findings that multimodal discourse continues to develop during the school-age years. The task (narration vs. explanation) also had clear effects on the use of language and gesture: gestures and subordinate markers were more frequent in explanations than in narratives, whereas cohesion markers were more often used in narratives. Altogether, these results show partly distinctive developmental patterns between narrative monologic discourse behaviour and explanatory behaviour in the context of dialogue and question–answer exchanges.
Lexical organization in deaf children who use British Sign Language: Evidence from a semantic fluency task
Authors: MARSHALL CHLOE R. , ROWLEY KATHERINE , MASON KATHRYN , HERMAN ROSALIND , MORGAN GARY 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe adapted the semantic fluency task into British Sign Language (BSL). In Study 1, we present data from twenty-two deaf signers aged four to fifteen. We show that the same ‘cognitive signatures’ that characterize this task in spoken languages are also present in deaf children, for example, the semantic clustering of responses. In Study 2, we present data from thirteen deaf children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in BSL, in comparison to a subset of children from Study 1 matched for age and BSL exposure. The two groups' results were comparable in most respects. However, the group with SLI made occasional word-finding errors and gave fewer responses in the first 15 seconds. We conclude that deaf children with SLI do not differ from their controls in terms of the semantic organization of the BSL lexicon, but that they access signs less efficiently.
Extraterritorial Exercise of Jurisdiction for Environmental Protection: Addressing Fairness Concerns
Authors: ELLIS JAYE 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTeck v. Pakootas revisits the infamous Trail smelter, which made history in public international law. This more recent case should be set to make history as well, due to the manner in which the issue of extraterritorial exercise of jurisdiction was handled. The substantive result reached in the courts seems fair, reasonable, and appropriate: a notorious polluter, Teck Cominco Metals Inc., is called to account by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and required to study the feasibility of cleaning up a site it contaminated by dumping effluents in a transboundary river over the course of several decades. Yet, both courts that examined this case on the merits failed to understand the ramifications of this extension of the Environmental Protection Agency's jurisdiction across the Canada–United States border. This article begins with a doctrinal analysis of jurisdictional rules in private and public international law, and then proceeds to evaluate those rules with the help of insights from scholarship on global administrative law and international public authority.
Fairness and International Environmental Law from Below: Social Movements and Legal Transformation in India
Authors: KHODAY KISHAN , NATARAJAN USHA 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article considers fairness in international environmental law (IEL) in light of the convergence of two contemporary phenomena: the rise of social movements and the increasing power of large developing countries. These two trends will be determinative for the future of IEL. They have brought issues of fairness, equity, and justice to the forefront of contemporary IEL debates. Despite inability to adequately address issues of fairness at the international level, as demonstrated by negotiating gridlock at international summits, IEL can evolve in more equitable directions through the influence of subaltern experiences. This article examines domestic law-reform efforts of Indian social movements, focusing particularly on indigenous movements responding to extractive industries, with a view to determining international implications. The way states such as India address environment-related conflict, respond to demands for fairness, and evolve domestic understandings of inclusive and sustainable law and development will increasingly shape IEL.
Conformal radiotherapy plus high dose rate brachytherapy prostate boost in patients with intermediate and high risk prostate cancer: our experience in Asian males
Authors: Tunio Mutahir A. , Hashmi Altaf , Sattar Amjad , Mohsin Rehan , Ali Shoukat , Maqbool Amir 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: Recent studies have shown increased prostate cancer control rates with radiation dose escalation. Herein the experience of dose escalation by high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) adjunct to the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) for prostate cancer is presented.Patients and methods: During the period between August 2005 and July 2007, patients with intermediate and high risk prostate cancer were treated with 3D-CRT of dose 46Gy ÷ 23 fractions to whole pelvis followed by: Arm A (102 patients): prostate boost with HDR-BT 14 Gy × 2 sessions and Arm B (103 patients): prostate boost via 3D-CRT of dose 26 Gy ÷ 13 fractions. Primary objectives were overall survival (OS), distant metastases free survival (DMFS) and PSA progression free survival (PPFS) rates. Secondary objectives were the toxicity profile and post-radiation histopathological response.Results: At median follow up of 3.5 years, PPFS, DMFS and OS rates were; 97.8% versus 89.0% (p = 0.009), 98.1% versus 93.6% (p = 0.13) and 98.8% versus 91.6% (p = 0.24) in Arm A and Arm B. respectively. Grade 3 or 4 delayed genitourinary toxicities occurred in 2% and 4.8% of patients in Arm A and Arm B, respectively. Delayed grade 3 and 4 gastrointestinal toxicities were seen in 2% and 3.9% of patients in Arm A and Arm B, respectively. The post-radiation prostate biopsies were negative in 14/17(82.3%) and 9/15 (60%) in Arm A and Arm B, respectively.Conclusion: 3D-CRT combined with HDR-BT resulted in better PPFS and lower morbidity than 3DCRT alone for intermediate and high risk prostate cancer.