bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the tetraploid Dipteryx odorata, an intensely exploited Amazonian tree species
Authors: VINSON C. C. , RIBEIRO D. O. , HARRIS S. A. , SAMPAIO I. , CIAMPI A. Y. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract Dipteryx odorata is an intensely exploited Amazonian tree legume. Microsatellite markers were developed to study the genetic structure, gene flow and reproductive biology of D. odorata. Eight highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated from enriched repeat libraries screened for microsatellite repeats. An average of 16 alleles and 0.964 phenotype diversity per locus were found in 76 individuals from the Tapajos National Forest, in the state of Pará in the Brazilian Amazon.
Microsatellite primers for the four Galápagos mockingbird species (Mimus parvulus, Mimus macdonaldi, Mimus melanotis and Mimus trifasciatus)
Authors: HOECK P. E. A. , BUCHER T. B. , WANDELER P. , KELLER L. F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNineteen di‐ and tetranucleotide and one trinucleotide microsatellite DNA markers were isolated from the Galápagos mockingbird (Mimus parvulus) and tested for cross‐species amplification in the other three mockingbird species in the Galápagos. In addition, primers for two microsatellite loci previously developed for Mimus polyglottos were redesigned to obtain shorter amplification fragments. The number of alleles per locus and species ranged from 1 to 8, and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.0 to 0.809. These microsatellite markers will be useful to study levels of inbreeding in different island populations.
Sedimentary Response of Different Fan Types to the Paleogene–Neogene Basin Transformation in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Province
Authors: GAO Zhiyong , GUO Hongli , ZHU Rukai , ZHANG Lijuan , SUN Yushan 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:A group of alluvial fans formed in the early Paleogene represent marginal sedimentary facies at the foot of the South Tianshan Mountain, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang province. Two types of fans occurred in the middle–late Paleogene Kumugeliemu and Suweiyi formations: one alluvial, and the other fan delta deposited in a lacustrine setting. Within the early Neogene Jidike Formation, coastal subaqueous fans developed, probably in a deeper water lacustrine setting. The three types of fans are stacked vertically in outcrop with the sequence in ascending order: bottom alluvial, middle fan‐delta, and top subaqueous. The subaqueous is a typical coarse‐fan deposit occurring in the glutinite member of the Jidike Formation in some wells. Laterally, from the foreland to the lacustrine settings, the distribution pattern of sedimentary facies represents the same three fan types sequentially. The spatial distribution of these fans was controlled by the Paleogene–Neogene Basin transformation, and evolution with different types of fans developed in the Kuqa Depression in response. In the Paleogene, the Kuqa Depression was a rift basin where an alluvial fan was deposited in the foreland setting, which, by early Neogene, became a foreland basin when the lake level changed. With any rise in lake level, fan‐deltas migrated from lacustrine to foreland settings, whereas when the lake level fell, fan migration was reversed. In the early Neogene, with increasing slope and rising lake level, fans progressed and covered the previous fan‐delta and lacustrine mudstone. Eventually, subaqueous fans developed, forming the present spatial configuration of these three fan types.
Cenozoic Stratigraphy Deformation History in the Central and Eastern of Qaidam Basin by the Balance Section Restoration and its Implication
Authors: LIU Dongliang , FANG Xiaomin , GAO Junping , WANG Yadong , ZHANG Weilin , MIAO Yunfa , LIU Yongqian , ZHANG Yuezhong 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:The Qaidam Basin, located in the northern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, is a large Mesozoic–Cenozoic basin, and bears huge thick Cenozoic strata. The geologic events of the Indian‐Eurasian plate–plate collision since ∼55 Ma have been well recorded. Based on the latest progress in high‐resolution stratigraphy, a technique of balanced section was applied to six pieces of northeast‐southwest geologic seismic profiles in the central and eastern of the Qaidam Basin to reconstruct the crustal shortening deformation history during the Cenozoic collision. The results show that the Qaidam Basin began to shorten deformation nearly synchronous to the early collision, manifesting as a weak compression, the deformation increased significantly during the Middle and Late Eocene, and then weakened slightly and began to accelerate rapidly since the Late Miocene, especially since the Quaternary, reflecting this powerful compressional deformation and rapid uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau around the Qaidam Basin.
Structural Evolution of the Eastern Qiulitagh Fold and Thrust Belt, Northern Tarim Basin, China
Authors: YANG Minghui , JIN Zhijun , LU Xiuxiang , SUN Dongsheng , TANG Xuan , PENG Gengxin , LEI Ganglin 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:The eastern Qiulitagh fold and thrust belt (EQFTB) is part of the active Kuqa fold and thrust belts of the northern Tarim Basin. Seismic reflection profiles have been integrated with surface geologic and drill data to examine the deformation and structure style of the EQFTB, particularly the deformational history of the Dina 2 gas field. Seismic interpretations suggest that Dongqiu 8 is overall a duplex structure developed beneath a passive roof thrust, which generated from a tipline in the Miocene Jidike Formation, and the sole thrust was initiated from the same Jidike Formation evaporite zone that extends westward beneath the Kuqatawu anticline. Dongqiu 5 is a pop‐up structure at the western part of the EQFTB, also developed beneath the Jidike Formation evaporite. Very gentle basement dip and steep dipping topographic slope in the EQFTB suggest that the Jidike Formation salt provides effective decoupling. The strong deformation in the EQFTB appears to have developed further south, in an area where evaporite may be lacking. Since the Pliocene, the EQFTB has moved farther south over the evaporite and reached the Yaken area. Restoring a balanced cross‐section suggests that the minimum shortening across the EQFTB is more than 7800 m. Assuming that this shortening occurred during the 5.3 Ma timespan, the shortening rate is approximately 1.47 mm/year.
Distribution of the Permian Monodiexodina in Karakorum and Kunlun and its Geological Significance
Authors: YAO Jianxin , WANG Naiwen , XIAO Xuchang , JI Zhansheng , WU Guichun , WU Zhenjie , LI Boqin , WANG Jun , WANG Yong , ZHAI Qingguo 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:The Permian fusulinoidean genus Monodiexodina is widely distributed in east Tethys. The genus might be an important indicator for the northern margin of Gondwana in northwestern China, but this is disputed. Monodiexodina‐bearing areas can be restored as in either northern or southern middle latitudes with a symmetrical distribution between a high latitudinal, cool/cold water climatic realm and a paleotropical, warm water realm. Permian strata bearing Monodiexodina in Karakorum, Muztag Pear, and Buka Daban Pear of the east Kunlun Mountains can be correlated with each other. Faunal analyses and the stratigraphical position of Monodiexodina‐bearing strata indicate that both Karakorum, east Kunlun, and the Pamirs were formed in a cool temperate sea area of the northern hemisphere in middle latitudes during the Permian, rather than at the Gondwana margin.
Deep Fractionation of Clinopyroxene in the East Pacific Rise 13°N: Evidence from High MgO MORB and Melt Inclusions
Authors: ZHANG Guoliang , ZENG Zhigang , YIN Xuebo , WANG Xiaoyuan , CHEN Daigeng 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:Mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from East Pacific Rise (EPR) 13°N are analysed for major and trace elements, both of which show a continuous evolving trend. Positive MgO–Al2O3 and negative MgO–Sc relationships manifest the cotectic crystallization of plagioclase and olivine, which exist with the presence of plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts and the absence of clinopyroxene phenocrysts. However, the fractionation of clinopyroxene is proven by the positive correlation of MgO and CaO. Thus, MORB samples are believed to show a “clinopyroxene paradox”. The highest magnesium‐bearing MORB sample E13–3B (MgO = 9.52%) is modelled for isobaric crystallization with COMAGMAT at different pressures. Observed CaO/Al2O3 ratios can be derived from E13–3B only by fractional crystallization at pressure >4 ±1 kbar, which necessitates clinopyroxene crystallization and is not consistent with cotectic crystallization of olivine plus plagioclase in the magma chamber (at pressure ∼1 kbar). The initial compositions of the melt inclusions, which could represent potential parental magmas, are reconstructed by correcting for post‐entrapment crystallization (PEC). The simulated crystallization of initial melt inclusions also produce observed CaO/Al2O3 ratios only at >4±1 kbar, in which clinopyroxene takes part in crystallization. It is suggested that MORB magmas have experienced clinopyroxene fractionation in the lower crust, in and below the Moho transition zone. The MORB magmas have experienced transition from clinopyroxene+plagioclase+olivine crystallization at >4±1 kbar to mainly olivine+plagioclase crystallization at <1 kbar, which contributes to the explanation of the “clinopyroxene paradox”.
A New Sauropod Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Gaogou Formation of Nanyang, Henan Province
Authors: ZHANG Xingliao , LÜ Junchang , XU Li , LI Jinhua , YANG Li , HU Weiyong , JIA Songhai , JI Qiang , ZHANG Chengjun 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:A new sauropod dinosaurBaotianmansaurus henanensisgen. et sp. nov. from the Cretaceous Gaogou Formation of Neixiang, Henan Province is erected. It is characterized by somphospondylous presacral vertebrae; a highly‐developed lamina system on the dorsal vertebrae; transverse process supported by four laminae; and the dorsal portion of the anterior centroparapophyseal lamina is bifurcated, with a small branch extending to the ventral surface of the prezygapophysis. It represents a new titanosauriform sauropod.
Comment on “First Record of Hindeodus–Isarcicella Population in Lower Triassic of Slovenia” by Tea Kolar‐Jurkovšek and Bogdan Jurkovšek in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 252: 72–81
Authors: WU Yasheng , JIANG Hongxia 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:Some conodonts described by Tea Kolar‐Jurkovsek and Bogdan Jurkovsek (2007) from the Permian‐Triassic boundary section in the Žiri area of western Slovenia are revised in this paper. One specimen that they assigned to Hindeodus parvus is tentatively regarded as Hindeodus cf. scalaris Wu 2005. Two specimens that they assigned to Isarcicella sp. A is changed to Hindeodus parvus. One specimen that they described as Isarcicella lobata Perri and Farabegoli is changed to Hindeodus crenatus Wu (2006). One specimen that they assigned to Isarcicella turgida (Kozur, Mostler and Rahimi‐Yazd) is changed to Hindeodus cf. parvus. Since these revisions, the three conodont zones that they defined have been correspondingly revised. Their first zone may belong to Hindeodus parvus zone, but it is not certain. Their second zone is changed to the Hindeodus parvus zone, and their third one remains as is.
Three‐dimensional Evolutionary Models of the Qiongxi Structures, Southwestern Sichuan Basin, China: Evidence from Seismic Interpretation and Geomorphology
Authors: JIA Qiupeng , JIA Dong , LUO Liang , CHEN Zhuxin , LI Yiquan , DENG Fei , SUN Shengsi , LI Haibin 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:Fold terminations are key features in the study of compressional fault‐related folds. Such terminations could be due to loss of displacement on the thrust fault or/and forming a lateral or oblique ramp. Thus, high‐quality seismic data would help unambiguously define which mechanism should be responsible for the termination of a given fault‐related fold. The Qiongxi and Qiongxinan structures in the Sichuan Basin, China are examples of natural fault‐propagation folds that possess a northern termination and a structural saddle between them. The folds/fault geometry and along‐strike displacement variations are constrained by the industry 3‐D seismic volume. We interpret that the plunge of the fold near the northern termination and the structural saddle are due to the loss of displacement along strike. The fault geometry associated with the northern termination changes from a flat‐ramp at the crest of the Qiongxinan structure, where displacement is the greatest, to simply a ramp near the northern tip of the Qiongxi structure, without forming a lateral or oblique ramp. In this study, we also use the drainage pattern, embryonic structure preserved in the crest of the Qiongxinan structure and the assumption that displacement along a fault is proportional to the duration of thrusting to propose a model for the lateral propagation of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures. Specifically, we suggest that the structure first initiated as an isolated fault ramp within brittle units. With increased shortening, the fault grows to link with lower detachments in weaker shale units to create a hybridized fault‐propagation fold. Our model suggests a possible explanation for the lateral propagation history of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures, and also provides an alternative approach to confirming the activity of the previous Pingluoba structure in the southwestern Sichuan Basin in the late Cenozoic.
Lisiguangite, CuPtBiS3, a New Platinum‐Group Mineral from the Yanshan Mountains, Hebei, China
Authors: YU Zuxiang , CHENG Fanyun , MA Hongwei 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:Lisiguangite, CuPtBiS3, is a new mineral species discovered in a PEG‐bearing, Co‐Cu sulfide vein in garnet pyroxenite of the Yanshan Mountains, Chengde Prefecture, Hebei Province, China. It is associated with chalcopyrite and bornite, galena, minor pyrite, carrolite, molybdenite and the platinum‐group minerals daomanite (CuPtAsS2), Co‐bearing malanite (Cu(Pt, Co)2S4) sperrylite, moncheite, cooperite and malyshevite (CuPdBiS3), rare damiaoite (Pt2In3) and yixunite (Pt3In). Lisiguangite occurs as idiomorphic crystals, tabular or lamellae (010) and elongated [100] or as aggregates, up to 2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. The mineral is opaque, has lead‐gray color, black streak and metallic luster. The mineral is non‐fluorescent The observed morphology displays the following forms: pinacoids {100}, {010}, {001}, and prism {110}. No twining is observed. The a:b:c ratio, calculated from unit‐cell parameters, is 0.6010:1:0.3836. Cleavage: {010} perfect, {001} distinct, {100} may be visible. H Mohs: 2½ VHN25= 46.7–49.8 (mean 48.3) kg/mm2. Tenacity: brittle. Lisiguangite is bright white with a yellowish tint In reflected light it shows neither internal reflections nor bireflectance or pleochroism. It has weak to moderate anisotropy (blue‐greenish to brownish) and parallel‐axial extinction. The reflectance values in air (and in oil) for R3, R4 and (imR3, imR4), at the standard Commission on Ore Mineralogy wavelengths are: 37.5, 35.7 (23.4, 22.3) at 470 nm; 38.6, 36.5 (23.6, 22.6) at 546 nm; 39.4, 37.5 (23.6, 22.7) at 589 nm and 40.3, 38.2 (23.7, 22.9) at 650 nm. The average of eight electron‐microprobe analyses: Cu 12.98, Pt 30.04, Pd 2.69, Bi 37.65 and S 17.55, totaling 100.91%, corresponding to Cu1.10(Pt0.83, Pd0.14)Σ0.97Bi0.97S2.96 based on six atoms apfu. The ideal formula is CuPtBiS3. The mineral is orthorhombic. Space group: P212121, a= 7.7152(15)Å, b= 12.838(3) Å, c= 4.9248(10)Å, V= 487.80(17)Å3, Z= 4. The six strongest lines in the X‐ray powder‐diffraction pattern [d in Å (I) (h k l) are 6.40(30)(020), 3.24(80)(031), 3.03(100)(201), 2.27(40)(051), 2.14(50)(250), 1.865(60)(232).
Migration of Depocenters and Accumulation Centers and its Indication of Subsidence Centers in the Mesozoic Ordos Basin
Authors: ZHAO Junfeng , LIU Chiyang , WANG Xiaomei , ZHANG Can 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:Based on the integrated study of structure attributions and characteristics of the original basin in combination with lithology and lithofacies, sedimentary provenance analysis and thickness distribution of the Mesozoic Ordos Basin, it is demonstrated that the depocenters migrated counterclockwise from southeast to the north and then to the southwest from the Middle‐Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous. There were no unified and larger‐scale accumulation centers except several small isolated accumulation centers before the Early Cretaceous. The reasons why belts of relatively thick strata were well developed in the western basin in several stages are that this area is near the west boundary of the original Ordos Basin, there was abundant sediment supply and the hydrodynamic effect was strong. Therefore, they stand for local accumulation centers. Until the Early Cretaceous, depocenters, accumulation centers and subsidence centers were superposed as an entity in the southwest part of the Ordos Basin. Up to the end of the Middle Jurassic, there still appeared a paleogeographic and paleostructural higher‐in‐west and lower‐in‐east framework in the residual basin to the west of the Yellow River. The depocenters of the Ordos Basin from the Middle–Late Triassic to the Middle Jurassic were superposed consistently. The relatively high thermal maturation of Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata in the depocenters and their neighborhood suggest active deep effects in these areas. Generally, superposition of depocenters in several periods and their consistency with high thermal evolution areas reveal the control of subsidence processes. Therefore, depocenters may represent the positions of the subsidence centers. The subsidence centers (or depocenters) are located in the south of the large‐scale cratonic Ordos Basin. This is associated with flexural subsidence of the foreland, resulting from the strong convergence and orogenic activity contemporaneous with the Qinling orogeny.
Basic Types and Structural Characteristics of Uplifts: An Overview of Sedimentary Basins in China
Authors: HE Dengfa , LI Desheng , WU Xiaozhi , WEN Zhu 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:The uplift is a positive structural unit of the crust It is an important window for continental dynamics owing to its abundant structural phenomena, such as fault, fold, unconformity and denudation of strata. Meanwhile, it is the very place to store important minerals like oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. Giant and large‐scale oil and gas fields in China, such as the Daqing Oilfield, Lunnan‐Tahe Oilfield, Penglai 19–3 Oilfield, Puguang Gas Field and Jingbian Gas Field, are developed mainly on uplifts. Therefore, it is the main target both for oil and gas exploration and for geological study. The uplift can be either a basement uplift, or one developed only in the sedimentary cover. Extension, compression and wrench or their combined forces may give rise to uplifts. The development process of uplifting, such as formation, development, dwindling and destruction, can be taken as the uplifting cycle. The uplifts on the giant Precambrian cratons are large in scale with less extensive structural deformation. The uplifts on the medium‐ and small‐sized cratons or neo‐cratons are formed in various shapes with strong structural deformation and complicated geological structure. Owing to changes in the geodynamic environment, uplift experiences a multi‐stage or multi‐cycle development process. Its geological structure is characterized in superposition of multi‐structural layers. Based on the basement properties, mechanical stratigraphy and development sequence, uplifts can be divided into three basic types — the succession, superposition and destruction ones. The succession type is subdivided into the maintaining type and the lasting type. The superposition type can be subdivided into the composite anticlinal type, the buried‐hill draped type, the faulted uplift type and the migration type according to the different scales and superimposed styles of uplifts in different cycles. The destruction type is subdivided into the tilting type and the negative inverted type. The development history of uplifts and their controlling effects on sedimentation and fluids are quite different from one another, although the uplifts with different structural types store important minerals. Uplifts and their slopes are the main areas for oil and gas accumulation. They usually become the composite oil and gas accumulation zones (belts) with multiple productive formations and various types of oil and gas reservoirs.
Biologic and Immunologic Effects of Knockout of Human Cytomegalovirus pp65 Nuclear Localization Signal
Authors: Zaia John A. , Li Xiuli , Franck Anne E. , Wu Xiwei , Thao Lia , Gallez-Hawkins Ghislaine 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT
The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 protein contains two bipartite nuclear localization signals (NLSs) at amino acids (aa) 415 to 438 and aa 537 to 561 near the carboxy terminus of CMV pp65 and a phosphate binding site related to kinase activity at lysine-436. A mutation of pp65 with K436N (CMV pp65mII) and further deletion of aa 537 to 561 resulted in a novel protein (pp65mIINLSKO, where NLSKO indicate NLS knockout) that is kinaseless and that has markedly reduced nuclear localization. The purpose of this study was to biologically characterize this protein and its immunogenicity compared to that of native pp65. Unlike the native CMV pp65, following either DNA- or recombinant adeno-associated virus-based transduction of CMV pp65mIINLSKO into cells in vitro, the first observation of pp65mIINLSKO expression was in the cytoplasm and pp65mIINLSKO was expressed at higher levels than the native protein. The CMV pp65mIINLSKO mRNA was more abundant earlier than CMV pp65 mRNA (at 4 h and 8 h, respectively), but the half-lives of the proteins were the same. This modification altered the antigenic processing of CMV pp65 in vitro, as measured by the improved efficiency of cytotoxic killing in a pp65mIINLSKO-transduced human HLA A*0201 target cell line. In HHDII mice expressing HLA A*0201, pp65mIINLSKO was as immunogenic as CMV pp65. By RNA microarray analysis, expression of the CMV pp65mIINLSKO had less of an effect on cell cycle pathways than the native CMV pp65 did and a greater effect on cell surface signaling pathways involving immune activity. It is concluded that the removal of the primary NLS motif from pp65 does not impair its immunogenicity and should be considered in the design of a vaccine.