bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure, photoluminescence and electroluminescence of (Ba,Eu)Si2S5
Authors: Nanai Yasushi , Sakamoto Yu , Okuno Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Structural and optical properties of Ba1−x
Eu
x
Si2S5 are investigated for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1. A monoclinic structure similar to SrSi2S5 is maintained for the whole range of x. With the increase in x, continuous and isotropic decrease of lattice constants appears because of the replacement of Ba2+ by smaller Eu2+. Raman and infrared absorption spectra show the existence of

anions in BaSi2S5. Green photoluminescence (PL) originating from the 4f65d–4f7 transition of Eu2+ is obtained. The maximum PL efficiency of 52% is found for x = 0.01. Wavelength variation of the PL peak between 500 and 524 nm for 0.01 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.9 can be understood by the presence of two Eu2+ sites having different decay times in Ba
x
Eu1−x
Si2S5. Green PL and electroluminescence are obtained from (Ba,Eu)Si2S5 fabricated on silicon substrate.
Stable isotopes reveal linkages between ocean climate, plankton community dynamics, and survival of two populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Trueman Clive N. , MacKenzie Kirsteen M. , Palmer Martin R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTrueman, C. N., MacKenzie, K. M., and Palmer, M. R. 2012. Stable isotopes reveal linkages between ocean climate, plankton community dynamics, and survival of two populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 784–794. An 18-year record of stable isotopes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) migrating to two different regions of the North Atlantic reveals climate-driven subdecadal variations. Time-series of carbon isotopes in one salmon stock, thought to feed in the Faroes/Iceland Basin area, show Subpolar Gyre (SPG) modal variability, which is not seen in fish feeding in the Norwegian Sea. At times of weak SPG circulation, when waters in the Iceland Basin are relatively warm, carbon isotope values are somewhat negative, suggesting possible changes in phytoplankton community structure. The fluctuations in plankton community dynamics suggested by the stable isotope values are coincident with fluctuations in the estimates of marine mortality in one sea-winter fish feeding in the Norwegian Sea, but not in those feeding in the Iceland Basin. Marine mortality in salmon feeding in the Iceland Basin is therefore likely to be more strongly influenced by factors other than bottom–up control. Time-series analysis of stable isotopes in consumer tissues provides information on the interaction between climate and ecosystem dynamics on the scale of individual stocks and cohorts.
Atlantic water temperature and climate in the Barents Sea, 2000–2009
Authors: Boitsov Vladimir D. , Karsakov Alexey L. , Trofimov Alexander G. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Boitsov, V. D., Karsakov, A. L., and Trofimov, A. G. 2012. Atlantic water temperature and climate in the Barents Sea, 2000–2009. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 833–840. Year-to-year variability in the temperature of Atlantic water (AW), which has a strong influence on the marine climate and ecosystem of the Barents Sea, was analysed using data from the Kola Section. With a positive trend in mean annual temperature during the late 20th century, only positive anomalies were registered during the past decade. In nine of those years, the temperature was warmer than the 1951–2000 long-term mean by 0.5–1.2°C, and in 2006, the historical maximum for the 110-year period of observations along the section was recorded. High air and water temperature coincided with reduced sea-ice cover, especially between October and April, when there is seasonal enlargement of the ice-covered area. An integral climate index (CI) of the Barents Sea based on the variability in temperature of AW, air temperature, and ice cover is presented. A prediction of future Barents Sea climate to 2020 is given by extrapolating the sixth degree polynomial approximating the CI.
The development and use of a spatial database for the determination and characterization of the state of the German Baltic small-scale fishery sector
Authors: Papaioannou Eva A. , Vafeidis Athanasios T. , Quaas Martin F. , Schmidt Jörn O. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Papaioannou, E. A., Vafeidis, A. T., Quaas, M. F., and Schmidt, J. O. 2012. The development and use of a spatial database for the determination and characterization of the state of the German Baltic small-scale fishery sector. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . Although substantial progress has been made in the acquisition and analysis of fishery data, the small-scale fishery (SSF) sector is frequently data deficient, with relevant primary data often being fragmented and incomplete. Also, in contrast to the case of the larger scale sector, a coherent methodological framework for the assessment of the SSF has, in most cases, not been formulated. In the present study, the methodology of developing a database for the German Baltic SSF sector is presented. The aim of the database is to combine fishery primary data effectively and enable the sound determination and characterization of the German Baltic SSF sector. Data used include, among others, fleet data derived from the European Community Fleet Register (CFR) database and logbook data from the German Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE). The database includes information on the technical specifications of SSF vessels (length, engine power, etc.); the sector's operational range; main target species; fishing grounds; landing ports; and weight and price of landings. Results of employing the database for profiling the state of the SSF sector (in 2008) are presented. The results demonstrate the benefits of such an approach within the framework of managing coastal fish resources and fishing activities.
First Report of the Root-Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus alleni Associated with Damage on Soybean in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Bélair G. , Mimee B. , Duceppe M. O. , Miller S. 
Published: June 2012

In eastern Canada, soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is the most important cultivated legume species. In 2011, the provinces of Ontario and Quebec had 987,400 and 300,000 ha of soybean production, respectively. Root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., are the most prevalent plant-parasitic nematodes in Canadian agroecosystems and can affect many crops (3). In 2011, irregular patches of stunted soybean plants were observed for the first time in a 10-ha soybean field grown on a light texture soil in St. Anicet, Quebec (45°4′50.51″N, 74°21′18.56″W). Yield reduction in damaged plots ranged from 38 to 54% when compared with asymptomatic adjacent plots. The field was sown with soybean cv. PRO 2715R (PRO Seeds of Canada, Woodstock, ON), a Roundup Ready cultivar of 2,750 CHU, at 100 kg/ha. Soil analysis revealed a uniform pH of 6.0 ± 0.2 on a gravelly sandy soil (81% sand, 10% loam, 9% clay, and 4% organic matter). On 7 October 2011, root samples were collected from 10 randomly selected damaged patches, washed under running water, and deposited in a mist chamber for a 14-day extraction period. Specimens were stored in tap water at 4°C before identification. Based on morphological characteristics, 26 individual specimens were examined (14 females, 11 males, one juvenile) and were all identified as Pratylenchus alleni Ferris, 1961 (2). Genomic DNA was extracted from individual larvae and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region was amplified. RFLP analysis with five restriction enzymes (CfoI, DdeI, HindIII, HpaII, and PstI) showed that the banding pattern for this species was different from those of 18 other major Pratylenchus species (4). Sequence of ITS regions of this population (GenBank Accession No. JX081545) confirmed genus identification but showed only limited homology (<85%) with the 20 Pratylenchus species available in the database at this time. Based on the morphological identification and the ITS sequence divergence with other important species, the sequence was deposited as the first P. alleni accession in GenBank. In the United States, the pathogenicity of P. alleni to soybean is well established (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. alleni occurrence and damage to soybean in Canada. The outbreak of this root-lesion nematode will pose a new challenge for crop management since no registered compounds are currently available against this pest in soybean in Canada. References: (1) N. Acosta and R. B. Malek. J. Nematol. 13:6, 1981. (2) V. Ferris. Proc. Helminthological Soc. Washington 28:109, 1961. (3) J. W. Potter and A. W. McKeown. Can. J. Soil Sci. 83:289, 2003. (4) L. Waeyenberge et al. Nematol. 2:135, 2000.
BIX‐01294 treatment blocks cell proliferation, migration and contractility in ovine foetal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Yang Q. , Lu Z. , Singh D. , Raj J. U. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have indicated a role of epigenetic phenomena in pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, but in foetal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation this is still largely unknown. G9a is a key enzyme for histone H3 dimethylation at position lysine‐9. In this study, we have investigated the function of G9a in ovine foetal PASMC proliferation, migration and contractility.Material and methodsCell proliferation was measured by cell counting and BrdU incorporation assay and cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Expression of cell cycle‐related genes was determined by real‐time PCR and the wound‐healing scratch assay was used to measure cell migration. A gel contraction assay was used to determine contractility of foetal PASMCs. Global DNA methylation was measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy.ResultsInhibition of G9a by its inhibitor BIX‐01294 reduced proliferation of foetal PASMCs and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. This was accompanied by increased p21 expression, but not p53 and other cell cycle‐related genes. Treatment of foetal PASMCs with BIX‐01294 inhibited platelet‐derived growth factor‐induced cell proliferation and migration. Contractility of foetal PASMCs was also markedly inhibited by BIX‐01294. Expression of calponin and ROCK‐II proteins was reduced by BIX‐01294 in a dose‐dependent manner and BIX‐01294 significantly increased global methylation level in the foetal PASMCs.ConclusionOur results demonstrate for the first time that histone lysine methylation is involved in cell proliferation, migration, contractility and global DNA methylation in foetal PASMCs. Further understanding of this mechanism may provide insight into proliferative vascular disease in the lungs.
Increased expression of the 5‐lipoxygenase pathway and its cellular localization in Barrett’s adenocarcinoma
Authors: Boger Philip C , Shutt James D , Neale James R , Wilson Susan J , Bateman Adrian C , Holloway John W , Patel Praful , Sampson Anthony P 
Published: June 2012

Boger P C, Shutt J D, Neale J R, Wilson S J, Bateman A C, Holloway J W, Patel P & Sampson A P  (2012) Histopathology 61, 509–517Increased expression of the 5‐lipoxygenase pathway and its cellular localization in Barrett’s adenocarcinomaAims:  Up‐regulation of the 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) leukotriene pathway is evident in numerous tumour types, and has been linked to the promotion of cancer cell growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of 5‐LOX pathway proteins in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and its premalignant lesion, Barrett’s metaplasia.Methods and results:  Tissue samples were collected at endoscopy from 16 patients with Barrett’s metaplasia and from seven with oesophageal adenocarcinoma; five proximal squamous oesophagus samples were used as controls. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on stromal and epithelial areas with optimized concentrations of primary antibodies for 5‐LOX, 5‐LOX‐activating protein (FLAP), and the distal enzymes leukotriene (LT) A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) and LTC4 synthase (LTC4S). the diagnosis was histologically confirmed from adjacent sections by a gastrointestinal pathologist. Striking increases in the stromal immunoexpression of 5‐LOX (P = 0.041), FLAP (P = 0.038), LTA4H (P = 0.0008) and LTC4S (P = 0.036) were seen in adenocarcinoma tissue. Stromal FLAP and LTA4H immunostaining correlated with elevated neutrophil counts (P < 0.001). LTC4S was also notably overexpressed within epithelial cells in both Barrett’s metaplasia (P < 0.001) and adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01) tissue.Conclusions:  Key biosynthetic enzymes of the LTB4 and LTC4 biosynthetic pathways are incrementally expressed across the spectrum of squamous, Barrett’s metaplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma tissues, suggesting, for the first time, a role for both LT subfamilies in disease progression.
The role of e‐learning coaches in Australian secondary schools
Authors: Skues J.L. , Cunningham E.G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the personal experiences of e‐learning coaches working in secondary schools in order to provide information about the role of an e‐learning coach. Seven secondary schools in the outer‐eastern region of Melbourne, Australia, were involved in a 3‐year e‐learning project. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted by an independent researcher with an e‐learning coach from each of the seven schools involved in the research. A number of themes emerged from the interviews, including role confusion, changes in the role over time, the importance of establishing relationships, barriers to the uptake of information and communication technology (ICT) and ICT usage. To facilitate the integration of ICT with teaching practices in the secondary school setting, we recommend that a full‐time position for an on‐site e‐learning coach receiving the total support of school leaders is needed to provide relevant professional development and ongoing support to classroom teachers.
Complex patterns of host switching in New World arenaviruses
Authors: IRWIN NANCY R. , BAYERLOVÁ MICHAELA , MISSA OLIVIER , MARTÍNKOVÁ NATÁLIA 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe empirically tested the long‐standing hypothesis of codivergence of New World arenaviruses (NWA) with their hosts. We constructed phylogenies for NWA and all known hosts and used them in reconciliation analyses. We also constructed a phylogenetic tree of all Sigmodontinae and Neotominae rodents and tested whether viral–host associations were phylogenetically clustered. We determined host geographical overlap to determine to what extent opportunity to switch hosts was limited by host relatedness or physical proximity. With the exception of viruses from North America, no phylogenetically codivergent pattern between NWA and their hosts was found. We found that different virus clades were clustered differently and that Clade B with members pathogenic to humans was randomly distributed across the rodent phylogeny. Furthermore, viral relatedness within Clade B was significantly explained by the geographic overlap of their hosts’ ranges rather than host relatedness, indicating that they are capable of host switching opportunistically. This has important bearings on their potential to become panzootic. Together, these analyses suggest that NWA have not codiverged with their hosts and instead have evolved predominantly via host switching.
Characterization of three new HLA‐B alleles: B*35:05:03, B*52:29 and B*57:01:13
Authors: Swelsen W. T. N. , Hartog K. S. , Poell B. , Varlack S. V. , Lardy N. M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThree new HLA‐B alleles were identified during routine sequence‐based typing.
Detecting small‐scale genotype–environment interactions in apomictic dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) populations
Authors: McLEOD K. A. , SCASCITELLI M. , VELLEND M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractStudies of genotype × environment interactions (G × E) and local adaptation provide critical tests of natural selection’s ability to counter opposing forces such as gene flow. Such studies may be greatly facilitated in asexual species, given the possibility for experimental replication at the level of true genotypes (rather than populations) and the possibility of using molecular markers to assess genotype–environment associations in the field (neither of which is possible for most sexual species). Here, we tested for G × E in asexual dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) by subjecting six genotypes to experimental drought, mown and benign (control) conditions and subsequently using microsatellites to assess genotype–environment associations in the field. We found strong G × E, with genotypes that performed poorly under benign conditions showing the highest performance under stressful conditions (drought or mown). Our six focal genotypes comprise > 80% of plants in local populations. The most common genotype in the field showed its highest relative performance under mown conditions (the most common habitat in our study area), and almost all plants of this genotype in the field were found growing in mowed lawns. Genotypes performing best under benign experimental conditions were found most frequently in unmown conditions in the field. These results are strongly indicative of local adaptation at a very small scale, with unmown microsites of only a few square metres typically embedded within larger mown lawns. By studying an asexual species, we were able to map genotypes with known ecological characteristics to environments with high spatial precision.
The role of gene flow asymmetry along an environmental gradient in constraining local adaptation and range expansion
Authors: FEDORKA K. M. , WINTERHALTER W. E. , SHAW K. L. , BROGAN W. R. , MOUSSEAU T. A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTheoretically, asymmetric gene flow along an environmental gradient can limit species range expansion by keeping peripheral populations from locally adapting. However, few empirical studies have examined this potentially fundamental evolutionary mechanism. We address this possibility in the cricketAllonemobius socius, which exist along a season‐length gradient where the probability of producing a single generation per year (univoltinism) increases with latitude. As the probability of univoltinism increases northwards, populations are expected to hedge their bets by producing a greater proportion of diapause eggs when exposed to a mild diapause cue. However, gene flow from southern populations may disrupt local adaptation in the north by reducing the proportion of diapause eggs (expected to be 100% in pure univoltine environments). This may limit range expansion along the northern periphery whereA. sociuscompete withA. fasciatus, a sister species that exhibits an invariant diapause‐only egg‐laying strategy. To assess the potential for range limitation, we examined diapause incidence (the proportion of diapause eggs produced under diapause conditions), gene flow symmetry and population structure across nineA. sociuspopulations. We found that gene flow was asymmetric and biased northwards towards the periphery. Furthermore, peripheral populations that inhabited pure univoltine environments produced numerous nondiapause eggs (a southern, bivoltine diapause phenotype), which we assume to be a suboptimal phenotype. These patterns suggest that asymmetric gene flow along the gradient constrains adaptation in peripheral populations, potentially constraining species range expansion.
Kin recognition: evidence that humans can perceive both positive and negative relatedness
Authors: KRUPP D. B. , DeBRUINE L. M. , JONES B. C. , LALUMIÈRE M. L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe evolution of spite entails actors imposing costs on ‘negative’ relatives: those who are less likely than chance to share the actor’s alleles and therefore more likely to bear rival alleles. Yet, despite a considerable body of research confirming that organisms can recognize positive relatives, little research has shown that organisms can recognize negative relatives. Here, we extend previous work on human phenotype matching by introducing a cue to negative relatedness: negative self‐resembling faces, which differ from an average face in the opposite direction to the way an individual’s own face differs from the average. Participants made trustworthiness and attractiveness judgements of pairs of opposite‐sex positive and negative self‐resembling faces. Analyses revealed opposing effects of positive and negative self‐resembling faces on trustworthiness and attractiveness judgements. This is the first clear evidence that humans are sensitive to negative relatedness cues, and suggests the potential for the adaptive allocation of spiteful behaviour.
Prevention and management of drug resistant hepatitis B virus infections
Authors: Wang Cheng , Fan Rong , Sun Jian , Hou Jinlin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the past decade, broadened therapeutic options of oral direct antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection include: Lamivudine, Adefovir Dipivoxil, Telbivudine, Entecavir and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. These direct oral antiviral agents effectively suppress the replication of the virus and reduce the risk of potential liver‐related complications. However, prolonged use of these nucleos(t)ide analogues has been associated with drug resistance that compromises the initial clinical benefits. Moreover, the oncogenic risk of mutations due to prolonged nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy needs to be further investigated by in vitro and in vivo studies. In the current era of potent nucleotide analogues, new data are emerging, we are still facing the pool of patients who have developed resistance to the prior generation of nucleos(t)ide analogues. This paper aims to focus on incidence of antiviral drug resistance and virological breakthrough, prudent selection of initial therapy, on‐treatment monitoring for drug resistance and revise treatment strategies for patients with resistant virus.
Molecular pathways in colorectal cancer
Authors: Al‐Sohaily Sam , Biankin Andrew , Leong Rupert , Kohonen‐Corish Maija , Warusavitarne Janindra 
Published: June 2012

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common newly diagnosed cancer and accounts for the second highest number of cancer related deaths in Australia, the third worldwide and of increasing importance in Asia. It arises through cumulative effects of inherited genetic predispositions and environmental factors. Genomic instability is an integral part in the transformation of normal colonic or rectal mucosa into carcinoma. Three molecular pathways have been identified: these are the chromosomal instability (CIN), the microsatellite instability (MSI), and the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) pathways. These pathways are not mutually exclusive, with some tumors exhibiting features of multiple pathways. Germline mutations are responsible for hereditary CRC syndromes (accounting for less than 5% of all CRC) while a stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations results in sporadic CRC. This review aims to discuss the genetic basis of hereditary CRC and the different pathways involved in the process of colorectal carcinogenesis.