bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Multicomponent Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention on Fear of Falling and Activity Avoidance in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zijlstra G. A. Rixt , Van Haastregt Jolanda C. M. , Ambergen Ton , Van Rossum Erik , Van Eijk Jacques Th. M. , Tennstedt Sharon L. , Kempen Gertrudis I. J. M. 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of a multicomponent cognitive behavioral intervention on fear of falling and activity avoidance in older adults.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Community‐dwelling adults in the Netherlands.PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred forty adults aged 70 and older who reported fear of falling and fear‐induced activity avoidance (280 intervention, 260 control).INTERVENTION: A multicomponent cognitive behavioral group intervention consisting of eight weekly sessions and a booster session. The sessions were aimed at instilling adaptive and realistic views on falls, reducing fall risk, and increasing activity and safe behavior.MEASUREMENTS: Data on fear of falling, activity avoidance, concerns about falling, perceived control over falling, and daily activity were collected at baseline and at 2, 8, and 14 months.RESULTS: At 2 months, there were significant between‐group differences in fear of falling (odds ratio (OR)=0.11; P<.001), activity avoidance (OR=0.26; P<.001), concerns about falling (adjusted mean difference=−1.51; P=.02), and daily activity (adjusted mean difference=0.95; P=.01). At 8 months, there were significant between‐group differences in all outcomes and at 14 months in fear of falling (P=.001), perceived control over falling (P=.001), and recurrent fallers (P=.02) but not in activity avoidance (P=.07), concerns about falling (P=.07), daily activity (P=.24), or fallers (P=.08).CONCLUSION: This multicomponent cognitive behavioral intervention showed positive and durable effects on fear of falling and associated activity avoidance in community‐dwelling older adults. Future research should focus on improving intervention uptake and adherence, reaching frailer populations, and determining potential intervention effects on functional outcomes.
Sleep Disturbances and Frailty Status in Older Community‐Dwelling Men
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E. , Blackwell Terri L. , Redline Susan , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Paudel Misti L. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Dam Thuy‐Tien L. , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth , Leung Ping C. , Stone Katie L. ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Group
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that sleep disturbances are independently associated with frailty status in older men.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional analysis of prospective cohort study.SETTING: Six U.S. centers.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand one hundred thirty‐three men aged 67 and older.MEASUREMENTS: Self‐reported sleep parameters (questionnaire); objective parameters of sleep–wake patterns (actigraphy data collected for an average of 5.2 nights); and objective parameters of sleep‐disordered breathing, nocturnal hypoxemia, and periodic leg movements with arousals (PLMAs) (in‐home overnight polysomnography). Frailty status was classified as robust, intermediate stage, or frail using criteria similar to those used in the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty index.RESULTS: The prevalence of sleep disturbances, including poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, short sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latency, sleep fragmentation (greater nighttime wakefulness and frequent, long wake episodes), sleep‐disordered breathing, nocturnal hypoxemia, and frequent PLMAs, was lowest in robust men, intermediate in men in the intermediate‐stage group, and highest in frail men (P‐for‐trend ≤.002 for all sleep parameters). After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, self‐reported poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5, multivariable odds ratio (MOR)=1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.09–1.50), sleep efficiency less than 70% (MOR=1.37, 95% CI=1.12–1.67), sleep latency of 60 minutes or longer (MOR=1.42, 95% CI=1.10–1.82), and sleep‐disordered breathing (respiratory disturbance index ≥15, MOR=1.38, 95% CI=1.15–1.65) were each independently associated with higher odds of greater frailty status.CONCLUSION: Sleep disturbances, including poor self‐reported sleep quality, lower sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latency, and sleep‐disordered breathing, are independently associated with greater evidence of frailty.
3. Money, Credit, and Crisis
Authors: Gaffney Mason 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe financial crisis of 2008–2009 has antecedents in earlier crises, including the Great Depression. In order to understand how the current crisis arose, we must review the most fundamental principles of banking. Doing that, we find that the main service performed by banks is the creation of liquidity, a collective good that can be destroyed by the behavior of individual financial institutions. The key element in creating liquidity is the monetization of various types of collateral. When collateral takes the form of land or capital that turns over slowly, banks lose liquidity. That is why major banking crises have frequently been associated with real estate lending. The best way to restore health to the financial system is by restoring the principles of the “real bills” doctrine that requires loans to be self‐liquidating.
Media Coverage and the Cross‐section of Stock Returns
Authors: FANG LILY , PERESS JOEL 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTBy reaching a broad population of investors, mass media can alleviate informational frictions and affect security pricing even if it does not supply genuine news. We investigate this hypothesis by studying the cross‐sectional relation between media coverage and expected stock returns. We find that stocks with no media coverage earn higher returns than stocks with high media coverage even after controlling for well‐known risk factors. These results are more pronounced among small stocks and stocks with high individual ownership, low analyst following, and high idiosyncratic volatility. Our findings suggest that the breadth of information dissemination affects stock returns.
Attracting Flows by Attracting Big Clients
Authors: COHEN LAUREN , SCHMIDT BRENO 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTWe explore a new channel for attracting inflows using a unique data set of corporate 401(k) retirement plans and their mutual fund family trustees. Families secure substantial inflows by being named trustee. We find that family trustees significantly overweight, and are reluctant to sell, their 401(k) client firm's stock. Trustee overweighting is more pronounced when the relationship is more valuable to the trustee family, and is concentrated in those funds receiving the greatest benefit from the inflows. We quantify this flow benefit and find that inclusion in the 401(k) plan has an economically and statistically large, positive effect on inflows.
Role of Managerial Incentives and Discretion in Hedge Fund Performance
Authors: AGARWAL VIKAS , DANIEL NAVEEN D. , NAIK NARAYAN Y. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTUsing a comprehensive hedge fund database, we examine the role of managerial incentives and discretion in hedge fund performance. Hedge funds with greater managerial incentives, proxied by the delta of the option‐like incentive fee contracts, higher levels of managerial ownership, and the inclusion of high‐water mark provisions in the incentive contracts, are associated with superior performance. The incentive fee percentage rate by itself does not explain performance. We also find that funds with a higher degree of managerial discretion, proxied by longer lockup, notice, and redemption periods, deliver superior performance. These results are robust to using alternative performance measures and controlling for different data‐related biases.
Electing Directors
Authors: CAI JIE , GARNER JACQUELINE L. , WALKLING RALPH A. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTUsing a large sample of director elections, we document that shareholder votes are significantly related to firm performance, governance, director performance, and voting mechanisms. However, most variables, except meeting attendance and ISS recommendations, have little economic impact on shareholder votes—even poorly performing directors and firms typically receive over 90% of votes cast. Nevertheless, fewer votes lead to lower “abnormal” CEO compensation and a higher probability of removing poison pills, classified boards, and CEOs. Meanwhile, director votes have little impact on election outcomes, firm performance, or director reputation. These results provide important benchmarks for the current debate on election reforms.
Pressure‐Guided Cryoballoon Isolation of the Pulmonary Veins for the Treatment of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: SIKLÓDY CLAUDIA HERRERA , MINNERS JAN , ALLGEIER MARTIN , ALLGEIER HANS‐JÜRGEN , JANDER NIKOLAUS , KEYL CORNELIUS , WEBER REINHOLD , SCHIEBELING‐RÖMER JOCHEN , KALUSCHE DIETRICH , ARENTZ THOMAS 
Published: September 2009

Pressure‐Guided Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation.

Background:
Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation using a balloon‐mounted cryoablation system is a new technology for the percutaneous treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Complete PV occlusion during balloon ablation has been shown to predict successful electrical isolation. The aim of this study was to correlate mechanical PV occlusion with changes in a pressure curve recorded at the distal tip of the cryoballoon catheter.
Methods and Results:
We analyzed 51 PVs in 12 patients (61 ± 6 years old) with paroxysmal AF. At first, PV occlusion via the cryoballoon was documented by changes in the pressure curve. Once the PV is occluded, the pressure curve registered in the vein converts from a left atrial pressure curve to a pulmonary artery pressure curve: the PV wedge curve. Occlusion was then confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Following 2 cryoablation applications, electrical PV isolation was assessed with a circumferential mapping catheter. Under the exclusive guidance of changes in the pressure curve at the tip of the cryoballoon, mechanical occlusion confirmed by TEE was achieved in 47 of 51 PVs (92%). Three PVs required further TEE guidance to achieve occlusion. All 50 occluded veins were electrically isolated after cryoablation. One right inferior vein, which could not be occluded with the balloon, displayed conduction post cryoablation and was isolated by focal ablation.
Conclusions:
Occlusion and electrical isolation of PVs during cryoballoon ablation can be predicted by the appearance of a PV wedge curve at the tip of the catheter. This new straightforward parameter may facilitate the procedure. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 120‐125, February 2010)
Clinical and Electrophysiological Difference Between Idiopathic Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Arrhythmias and Pulmonary Artery Arrhythmias
Authors: YAMASHINA YOSHIHIRO , YAGI TETSUO , NAMEKAWA AKIO , ISHIDA AKIHIKO , SATO HIROKAZU , NAKAGAWA TAKASHI , SAKURAMOTO MANJIROU , SATO EIJI , YAMBE TOMOYUKI 
Published: September 2009

Characteristics of Pulmonary Artery Arrhythmias.

Introduction:
The precise incidence and characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the pulmonary artery have not been fully described. The purpose of this prospective study was to clarify these points.
Methods:
Thirty‐three consecutive patients with an idiopathic left bundle branch block and inferior‐axis deviation type ventricular arrhythmia were included. All patients underwent detailed electroanatomical mapping (CARTO, Biosense‐Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) during sinus rhythm prior to the catheter ablation. The precise location of the catheter tip at the successful ablation site was confirmed by both electroanatomical mapping and contrast radiography. The clinical and electrophysiological data were compared between the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) arrhythmia patients (RVOT group) and PA arrhythmia patients (PA group).
Results:
Eight patients (8/33 patients: 24.2%) had their ventricular arrhythmias successfully ablated within the PA. The local bipolar electrogram at the successful ablation sites in the PA group exhibited a significantly greater duration (P < 0.05) and lower amplitude (P < 0.05) than did those in the RVOT group (n = 19). In the PA group, all patients exhibited a multicomponent electrograms composed of a spiky potential and a dull potential, which might have consisted of near‐field PA activation and a far‐field ventricular activation, respectively, at the successful ablation site. Direct ablation to the spiky electrogram was able to eliminate the arrhythmias in all the PA group patients.
Conclusions:
PA arrhythmias may be more common than previously recognized. Careful mapping and interpretation of low amplitude and multicomponent electrograms are important for recognizing ventricular arrhythmias originating from the PA. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 163‐169, February 2010)
Electroanatomic Mapping and Ablation of Macroreentrant Atrial Tachycardia: Comparison Between Successfully and Unsuccessfully Treated Cases
Authors: DE PONTI ROBERTO , MARAZZI RAFFAELLA , ZOLI LAURA , CARAVATI FABRIZIO , GHIRINGHELLI SERGIO , SALERNO‐URIARTE JORGE A. 
Published: September 2009

Ablation of Macroreentrant Atrial Tachycardia.
Introduction: Ablation of macroreentrant atrial tachycardia (MRAT) is demanding and identification of predictors of failure may be of help in patient management. This study compares the characteristics of successfully versus unsuccessfully treated patients undergoing electroanatomic mapping (EAM) and ablation of MRAT. Methods and Results: Consecutive patients undergoing EAM and ablation of MRAT were included. Ablation was linearly placed at the mid‐diastolic isthmus (MDI) to achieve arrhythmia interruption and conduction block. Variables were analyzed for predictors of both procedural failure and cumulative failure (procedural failure + early recurrences). Fifty‐two patients (37 M; age 64 ± 16 years) with 56 MRATs were considered. The MRAT was in the right atrium in 25 morphologies (45%) and 32 (57%) showed a double‐loop reentry. Fifty‐one morphologies (91%) in 47 patients were successfully treated; 3 patients had early recurrences of the same MRAT. None of the clinical variables considered significantly differed in the successfully treated group as compared to the unsuccessfully treated. Conversely, there was a significant difference as to the EAM characteristics: successfully treated cases showed a narrower target isthmus with a lower voltage amplitude and slower conduction velocity (CV). In the MDI, a CV >60 cm/sec and a width >40 mm were the strongest predictors of procedural failure and cumulative failure, respectively. Conclusions: In this patient population, while the clinical variables did not differ significantly, there was a significant difference in the EAM characteristics between successfully and unsuccessfully treated cases. CV and width of the isthmus target for ablation were the strongest independent predictors of procedure outcome. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 155‐162, February 2010)
Towards a coherent allometric framework for individual home ranges, key population patches and geographic ranges
Authors: Hendriks A. Jan , Willers Bart J. C. , Lenders H. J. Rob , Leuven Rob S. E. W. 
Published: September 2009

Spatial requirements of species have often been related to body size, usually focusing on one area variable and one taxonomic group at a time. Here, we carried out a quantitative meta‐analysis and developed a minimal model, covering different types of spatial characteristics and several species groups.In a global literature review, 46 empirical regressions on home ranges and geographic ranges were collected, covering thousands of species monitored in various countries. In addition, regional data on minimum key population patches of 167 species occurring in the Netherlands were retrieved from reports. To check consistency, a theoretical model was derived from rate and density variables based on energy equivalency. The minimum number of individuals needed to sustain a viable population was considered invariant to size. According to the equations, areas were expected to scale to mass with an exponent of 1 for the individual home range and of about ¾ for the minimum population ranges.The meta‐analysis of the empirical regressions showed that average slopes for individual home ranges were between 0.74 for cold‐blooded species and 1.05 for birds and mammals. Minimum and average species geographic range scaled to mass with exponents of 1.16–1.29 and 0.28–0.46 respectively. Allometric correlations for the minimum key patch area were weak. The intercepts indicated that carnivores require more space than equally sized herbivores, while homeotherms occupy larger areas than heterotherms. Observed slopes and intercepts were often near model estimations, but important deviations from the average level were noted as well, especially for birds.Although variability was substantial in some cases, allometric approaches can contribute considerably to understanding and protecting area requirements of species.
Cutaneous melanoma with metastasis in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Pellegrini G. , Bienvenu J.G. , Meehan J.T. , Mischler S.A. , Perry R.W. , Scott D.W. , Anderson W.I. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground  A 3.3‐year‐old‐male cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) showed a focally extensive soft, dark, discoid dermal mass, 0.5 cm in diameter, on the dorsal surface of the right hind foot, over the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones.Methods and results  Microscopic examination revealed a cutaneous melanoma with local lymphatic invasion, characterized by neoplastic melanocytes within the subcapsular sinus of popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy.Conclusions  To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of melanoma in a cynomolgus monkey.
Spontaneous pathology of the baboon endocrine system
Authors: Guardado‐Mendoza R. , Dick Jr E.J. , Jimenez‐Ceja L.M. , Davalli A. , Chavez A.O. , Folli F. , Hubbard G.B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground  Study of endocrine pathology in animal models is critical to understanding endocrine pathology in humans.Methods  We evaluated 434 endocrine‐related diagnoses from 4619 baboon necropsies, established the incidence of spontaneous endocrine pathology, and analyzed the clinical and biochemical data associated with the individual cases.Results  The most common diagnoses in descending order, were pancreatic islet cell amyloidosis (n = 259), ovarian cysts (n = 50), pituitary adenoma (n = 37), pancreatic islet cell adenoma (n = 20), granulosa cell tumor (n = 15), thyroid adenoma (n = 11), adrenal hyperplasia (n = 10), thyroid carcinoma (n = 8), and pheochromocytoma (n = 6). The incidence of pancreatic islet cell amyloidosis progressively increased with age. Pheochromocytomas were associated with renal and heart failure. The incidence of pancreatic islet cell amyloidosis and adrenal pathology was similar to humans; the incidence of pituitary adenoma and thyroid pathology was lower than in humans.Conclusions  Endocrine disease in baboons is common and shares clinical and biochemical characteristics with endocrine disease in humans.
Severe Asthma Research Program – Phenotyping and Quantification of Severe Asthma
Authors: Fain S. B. , Peterson E. T. , Sorkness R. L. , Wenzel S. , Castro M. , Busse W. W. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryA unique multi‐center consortium of research centers, the severe asthma research program (SARP), is working to define asthma phenotypes, with a particular focus on severe asthma due to the higher prevalence of exacerbations and hospital visits in these patients. The consortium includes comprehensive studies of physiology, genotype, and inflammatory biomakers in addition to a lung imaging substudy in nearly 400 subjects. The imaging substudy is comparing quantitative computed tomography (CT) measures of airway morphology and parenchymal density to asthma severity and other makers of asthma. Results show increased wall thickness and increased regional air trapping in severe versus non‐severe asthma. Image‐guided bronchoscopic assessment using either CT or hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows that highly diseased airways have increased wall thickness on histology and greater inflammatory cell numbers. Large scale imaging studies such as SARP may provide a means to better understand and guide effective treatment of severe asthma.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: The Importance of Qualitative and Quantitative Phenotyping
Authors: Flaherty K. R. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryDuring the past decade, imaging has become of paramount importance in the diagnosis of patients with interstitial lung disorders. In addition, the quantification of radiographic features at the time of diagnosis gives important prognostic information and changes in these features over time may prove to be useful outcome variables in the study of new treatments and monitoring of patients’ response to therapy. In this chapter, we review the classification of interstitial lung diseases focusing on the role of high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT), particularly as it pertains to the need for obtaining a surgical lung biopsy. We also discuss the role of baseline and longitudinal semi‐quantitative and quantitative measurement of HRCT features in assessment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
High-redshift star formation rate up to z ∼ 8.3 derived from gamma-ray bursts and influence of background cosmology
Authors: Wang F. Y. , Dai Z. G. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The high-redshift star formation rate (SFR) is difficult to measure directly even by modern approaches. Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be detected to the edge of the visible universe because of their high luminosities. The collapsar model of long GRBs indicates that they may trace the star formation history. So, long GRBs may be a useful tool of measuring the high-redshift SFR. Observations show that long GRBs prefer to form in a low-metallicity environment. We study the high-redshift SFR up to z∼ 8.3 considering the Swift GRBs tracing the star formation history and the cosmic metallicity evolution in different background cosmological models including Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM), quintessence, quintessence with a time-varying equation of state and brane-world model. We use latest Swift GRBs including two highest-z GRBs, GRB 080913 at z= 6.7 and GRB 090423 at z= 8.3. We find that the SFR at z &gt; 4 shows a steep decay with a slope of ∼−5.0 in ΛCDM. In the other three models, the high-redshift SFR is slightly different from ΛCDM model and also shows a steep decay.