bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheo‐oesophageal party wall thickness in laryngectomised patients in India: Implications for surgical voice restoration
Authors: Sayed Suhail I. , Manikantan Kapila , Khode Shailesh , Jagade Mohan , Kasbekar Vimal G. , Shah Rajen , Palav Rajen S. , Nutting Chris M. , Harrington Kevin J. , Rhys‐Evans Peter , Kazi Rehan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo document accurately the tracheo‐oesophageal party wall thickness (PWT) intra‐operatively in patients undergoing total laryngectomy and to correlate it with constitutional parameters like height, weight, body mass index (BMI), age, and gender. Also, to correlate PWT with the length of tract (LOT), that is prosthesis size, as measured using the standard valve length measuring device provided by the manufacturers.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients of carcinoma larynx, following removal of the diseased larynx had their tracheo‐oesophageal PWT measured using a special custom‐designed and calibrated external (or outside) calliper and a primary trachea‐oesophageal puncture (TOP) was made and inserted 10–14 days postoperative with an appropriately sized Blom–Singer® indwelling voice prosthesis.ResultsThe mean PWT was 3.1 mm. PWT showed significant correlation with the weight of the patients (P = 0.006). There was no significant correlation between PWT and height, BMI, age or gender of the study group. The average LOT was found to be 4.8 mm (SD 1.5). There was a significant correlation (P = 0.009) between PWT and initial LOT, with the most commonly used prosthesis sizes being 4–6 mm.ConclusionsThe study shows that Indian patients with a thin party wall require a smaller prosthesis size and it is advisable to measure the PWT intra‐operatively. Tracheo‐oesophageal PWT in laryngectomised patients in India: implications for surgical voice restoration. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;101:78–83. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Green Process to Prepare Silk Fibroin/Gelatin Biomaterial Scaffolds
Authors: Lu Qiang , Zhang Xiaohui , Hu Xiao , Kaplan David L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new all‐aqueous and green process is described to form three‐dimensional porous silk fibroin matrices with control of structural and morphological features. Silk‐based scaffolds are prepared using lyophilization. Gelatin is added to the aqueous silk fibroin solution to change the silk fibroin conformation and silk fibroin–water interactions through adjusting the hydrophilic interactions in silk fibroin–gelatin–water systems to restrain the formation of separate sheet like structures in the material, resulting in a more homogenous structure. Water annealing is used to generate insolubility in the silk fibroin–gelatin scaffold system, thereby avoiding the use of organic solvents such as methanol to lock in the β‐sheet structure. The adjusting of the concentration of gelatin, as well as the concentration of silk fibroin, leads to control of morphological and functional properties of the scaffolds. The scaffolds were homogeneous in terms of interconnected pores, with pore sizes ranging from 100 to 600 µm, depending on the concentration of silk fibroin used in the process. At the same time, the morphology of the scaffolds changed from lamellar sheets to porous structures based on the increase in gelatin content. Compared with salt‐leaching aqueous‐derived scaffolds and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)‐derived scaffolds, these freeze‐dried scaffolds had a lower content of β‐sheet, resulting in more hydrophilic features. Most of gelatin was entrapped in the silk fibroin–gelatin scaffolds, without the burst release in PBS solution. During in vitro cell culture, these silk fibroin–gelatin scaffolds had improved cell‐compatibility than salt‐leaching silk fibroin scaffolds. This new process provides useful silk fibroin‐based scaffold systems for use in tissue engineering. Furthermore, the whole process is green, including all‐aqueous, room temperature and pressure, and without the use of toxic chemicals or solvents, offering new ways to load bioactive drugs or growth factors into the process.
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Characterisation of adult green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) digestive physiology: impact of a cysteine protease inhibitor and a synthetic pyrethroid
Authors: Mulligan Evan A , Ferry Natalie , Jouanin Lise , Romeis Jörg , Gatehouse Angharad MR 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: In spite of concern regarding potential non‐target effects of GM crops, few studies have compared GM pest control with conventional methods. The impacts of cypermethrin and oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin‐1 (OC‐1) were compared in this study on the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens).RESULTS: Adults fed purified rOC‐1 showed a subtle shift in digestive protease profile, with an increasing reliance on serine proteases (chymotrypsin), increase in aspartic proteases and a slight reduction in elastase activity. Although there were no effects on mortality, onset of oviposition was delayed; however, once egg production commenced, egg laying and hatching success rates were comparable with those of controls. Oryzacystatin‐1 expressed in pollen showed no detrimental effects. Cypermethrin had no effect on mortality owing to high levels of non‐specific esterase activity resulting in partial breakdown of the insecticide. In spite of this, there was a significant delay in onset of oviposition and a significant reduction in egg production and viability.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential for pest management to impact on predators, but importantly it highlights the ability of the predator to detoxify/respond to treatments with different modes of action. In this case, exposure to an insecticide carried a greater fitness cost than exposure to a protease inhibitor expressed in transgenic crops. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of phenolic compounds from different morphological parts of Helichrysum devium by liquid chromatography with on‐line UV and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Gouveia Sandra C. , Castilho Paula C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple and rapid method has been used for the screening and identification of the main phenolic compounds from Helichrysum devium using high‐performance liquid chromatography with on‐line UV and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (LC‐DAD/ESI‐MSn). The total aerial parts and different morphological parts of the plant, namely leaves, flowers and stems, were analyzed separately. A total of 34 compounds present in the methanolic extract from Helichrysum devium were identified or tentatively characterized based on their UV and mass spectra and retention times. Three of these compounds were positively identified by comparison with reference standards. The phenolic compounds included derivatives of quinic acid, O‐glycosylated flavonoids, a caffeic acid derivative and a protocatechuic acid derivative. The characteristic loss of 206 Da from malonylcaffeoyl quinic acid was used to confirm the malonyl linkage to the caffeoyl group. This contribution presents one of the first reports on the analysis of phenolic compounds from Helichrysum devium using LC‐DAD/ESI‐MSn and highlights the prominence of quinic acid derivatives as the main group of phenolic compounds present in these extracts. We also provide evidence that the methanolic extract from the flowers was significantly more complex when compared to that of other morphological parts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of sodium dithionite on the surface composition of iron‐containing aquifer sediment
Authors: Langell Marjorie A. , Kadossov Evgueni , Boparai Hardiljeet , Shea Patrick 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAES, XPS and SIMS analyses were used to characterize the surface of Pantex aquifer sediment under pretreatment conditions previously shown to activate the sediment for remediation of the explosives‐contaminated aquifer. The untreated sediment contains detectable concentrations of iron, but the composition is heterogeneous and the nature of the iron at the surface is poorly defined. Treatment with dithionite (Na2S2O4) produced Fe3O4‐like material, as evidenced by characteristic Fe 2p XPS structure. Sediment treated with buffered dithionite (pH = 8.8) shows a higher Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio and retains strongly adsorbed FeS‐like surface species even after copious washing with deionized water. The negative SIMS data indicate that, in the absence of the K2CO3 buffer, the dithionite treatment places relatively little sulfur onto the surface, but requires the higher buffered pH to form sulfide and sulfates. Detection of Fe3O4 and FeS on the sediment surface after dithionite treatment supports the effectiveness of this treatment in remediating contaminated aquifer sediment. SIMS and XPS indicate that treating with buffered dithionite also results in some loss of iron from the sediment surface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advancement in HCC imaging: diagnosis, staging and treatment efficacy assessments
Authors: Vilgrain Valérie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractImaging studies play a crucial role in the diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet, assessment of tumor response is another important goal for imaging. The imaging techniques most commonly used for assessing tumor response include computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging modalities and imaging criteria vary according to the treatment (surgical resection and transplantation or nonsurgical treatments such as transarterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, and molecular targeted therapy). Efficacy of nonsurgical treatments for malignancy is usually evaluated with RECIST criteria. These criteria, based on tumor shrinkage, are often inappropriate in HCCs. The response criteria should take into account tumor necrosis induced by treatment. Today, tumor necrosis is estimated by a disappearance of hypervascularization on contrast‐enhanced imaging. New tools such as functional imaging (perfusion imaging, diffusion‐weighted MR imaging) could be of major importance. In this article, we present a summary of the most recent information on the role of imaging in assessing treatment efficacy in HCCs.
Segregation distortion detected in six rice F2populations generated from reciprocal hybrids at three altitudes
Authors: WANG SHIHUA , TAN YALIN , TAN XUELIN , ZHANG ZHONGLIN , WEN JIANCHENG , KOU SHUYAN 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis paper presents investigations of segregation distortion of six rice F2populations generated from reciprocal F1hybrids grown at three locations varied at altitudes from 400 to 2200 m. The F1s were derived from reciprocal crosses between cv. XMG, which is ajaponicalandrace traditionally grown at 2650 m altitude, and cv. N34, which is ajaponicarestorer possessing a fertility restoring (Rf) gene and cytoplasm of male sterility (CMS) donated by anindicacultivar. Among nine morphological traits of the F2populations, only one was in normal distribution, eight were distorted in all or at least one population. Out of 16 polymorphic PCR markers, 10 markers distributed on 7 chromosomes were significantly distorted. Among these markers, RMAN7 and RM257 were distorted in both of the reciprocal populations, which suggested that nuclear genes had strong effects on segregation distortion. The other makers were distorted only in the populations with cytoplasm donated by XMG or N34. The results indicated that segregation of DNA markers was affected by cytoplasm background. Segregation distribution was also affected by altitude, since segregation distortions of most of the markers were detected not in all the three populations generated from F1grown at the three altitudes, but only in one population from F1grown at one altitude. Marker M45461, which is located withinRf-1locus, was severely distorted towards N34 in all the populations with cytoplasm donated by N34, but not in the populations with cytoplasm provided by XMG. The results indicated that interaction between CMS andRfgene had strong effects on distortion. Results of this study indicated thatjaponicacytoplasm did not cause distortion favouring a special parent, butindicacytoplasm made distortion favouring a maternal parent. The results suggested thatindicacytoplasm was not well compatible withjaponicanuclear background, whilejaponicacytoplasm did not have such trouble withindicanuclei. This study also found that the six F2populations were divergent into two groups due to difference of cytoplasm background.
Some Remarks on the Etiology of Potato Disease in Lincolnshire
Authors: Morgan D. O. 
Published: November 2009

During investigations on the Eelworm of Potatoes in south Lincolnshire during the summer of 1925 it was found that fields shewing great variation in the extent of damage done to the crop did not have a corresponding variation in the number of eelworm cysts present. It was often observed that patches where plants were doing well shewed as many cysts in the soil and on the roots as those areas where damage was most pronounced. This seemed to suggest that eelworms might not be the primary cause of the failure but a contributory factor.Owing to the fact that other pests, chiefly fungoid, were invariably present in addition to eelworm it seemed that one might either attribute the failure of the crop to various pests, or to some factor or factors connected with soil fertility which inhibited the proper growth of the plants and reduced their resistance to disease. In order to obtain data which might throw some light on this latter suggestion, a number of fields reported to have failing potato crops were visited and as far as possible the history of the cropping, manuring and general cultivation was obtained. Soil samples from different parts of the fields were brought back to the Laboratory at the Kirton Agricultural Institute for the estimation of the cyst content.
Significant Factors in the Plerocercoid Environment of Diphyllobothrium latum (Linn.)
Authors: Wardle Robert Arnold 
Published: November 2009

1. Plerocercoid larval stages of Diphyllobothrium latum (Linn.), in 0·2 molar sodium chloride can tolerate temperature values between −8° and 55°C., the survival time varying from 15 minutes at 54° C. to 60 hours at 20° C., and diminishing gradually from 24+ hours at zero to non-survival at −8°C. The optimum range of values lies between 38° and −2·8° C. It is suggested that the median point of the optimum range approximates to the mean summer temperature of the host fish and that variations in temperature from this mean point restrict the survival time value of the intramuscular plerocercoid phase.2. They can tolerate concentrations of HCl between 0·3 and 0·001 molar if 0·5 per cent. of pepsin be present, and concentrations of Na2CO2 between 0·2 and 0·001 molar, when 3 per cent. of pancreatin is present, for the length of time they would normally be subject to canine or human gastric and duodenal digestion.3. They can tolerate the component salts of Ringer-Locke solution when in concentrations between 0·2 and 0·001 molar for periods of time varying with the concentration and with the chemical structure of the salt. The addition of other electrolytes to decimolar NaCl does not increase its value as a medium for the larvae.4. The behaviour of plerocercoids in electrolyte solutions of 0·2–0·001 molar concentration is essentially similar, and initial period of activity being followed by a period of contraction and latent mobility—which, however, may be omitted—passing into a period of endosmotic immobility and disintegration. It is suggested that activity is stimulated by the influence of absorbed CI' upon muscular irritability and that depression of activity is induced by absorption of the kation of neutral salts or of the whole molecule of acids or alkalies.
On the Incidence of Abomasal Parasites in Fat Lambs from the same flock
Authors: Fraser Allan H. H. , Robertson David 
Published: November 2009

1. To determine the upper limit of the abomasal worm infestation of healthy lambs was the main object of the investigation. The results show that a lamb slaughtered fat before or shortly after weaning and therefore presumably a healthy lamb, may contain up to 2,100 Haemonchus and up to 4,670 Ostertagia.2. Infestation with Haemonchus conlortus is negligible until August.3. Infestation with Ostertagia remains almost steady from early May until mid-September.4. Infestation with Trichostrongylus axei occurs from May until mid-September, but is never a heavy one.5. The evidence suggests, but does not prove, that in mid-summer there is a wide difference in the infestation of single and twin lambs.6. The results, so far as they affect the seasonality of infestation are, strictly speaking, applicable only to the flock of the Duthie Experimental Stock Farm, but are probably true for the North-East area of Scotland.
Studies on the Helminths of India. Trematoda IV.
Authors: Bhalerao G. D. 
Published: November 2009

The species Bucephalopsis karvei n. sp. has been described in detail and separated from the allied species. A survey of the work on Bucephalidæ has been given and the species B. magnum, B. confusus and B. minimus have been considered to be synonyms of B. garui. A key to the existing valid species of Bucephalopsis has been given.The genus Catoptroides has been merged into the synonymy of Phyllodistomum and arguments for so doing have been advanced. Revised diagnosis of Phyllodistomum has been given.Phyllodistomum shandrai n. sp. has been described and separated from the allied species. P. sp. has been briefly described. Key to the species of Phyllodistomum has been given.Paramphistomum maplestoni n. sp. and P. cuonum n. sp., have been described and separated from the allied species P. orthocœlium. A few observations on P. sp. from a wild cat and Diplodiscus amphichrus from Rana tigrina have been recorded. Paramphistomum cervi, P. sp., Cotylophoron orientalis and Gastrothylax crumenifer have been recorded from neelgai, hog deer and sable antelope respectively.Helostomatis sakrei n. sp. has been described and separated from H. helostomatis. A revised diagnosis of Helostomatis has been given.Neocladorchis poonaensis n.g., n. sp. has been described. The new genus Neocladorchis has been defined and separated from the allied genera.
Field Tests on the Value of Calcium Chloro-acetate for controlling the Potato-sickness associated with the Root Eelworm, Heterodera schachtii
Authors: Edwards E. E. 
Published: November 2009

Continuing the work on which a paper was published by the writer in the Journal of Helminthology, April, 1937, it was decided to concentrate on calcium chloro-acetate in the 1938 field experiments on soil treatment for the control of the potato sickness associated with Heterodera schachtii.Tests were made at five different centres in the counties of Glamorgan and Monmouth with amounts equivalent to 3 cwt. and 5 cwt. to the acre.
The Differentiation of Coenurus species by Hook Measurements
Authors: Clapham P. A. , Peters B. G. 
Published: November 2009

Hook dimensions of Multiceps glomeratus show that the hooks are capable of reaching full adult size in the coenurus stage.The available material showed that M. serialis hooks were slightly larger than those of M. glomeratus in the adult stage; in the coenurus stage the differences were not significant.Statistically, the dimensions measuring the length of the blade of the hook are the most satisfactory.There are significantly large variances in most cystic hook dimensions from one cyst to another, and from one scolex to another within a single cyst, but not from one group of scolices to another. It follows that in biometric work it is important to sample several scolices from each cyst, and several cysts of any one species, but that groups can be disregarded.The variability of most hook measurements is in the region of 5%; i.e. the standard deviation is about 5% of the mean dimension.The danger of extensive generalisation from limited data should be guarded against. Thus, while the species variance was significantly larger than the cyst variance in the case of adult hooks in the material available, it is quite possible that this would no longer have been the case if material from other sources had been available.
On the Transverse Fission of Cysticercus pisiformis in experimentally infested Rabbits, and the Phylogenetic Significance of Asexual Phenomena in Cysticerci
Authors: Crusz Hilary 
Published: November 2009

Transverse fission of Cysticercus pisiformis begins in the liver and is usually completed there. It is brought about by one or two annular constrictions which. ultimately result in the complete fission of the original bladder-worm into two or three parts. The posterior segments thus formed are normally acephalic.Histologically, fission involves an initial hypertrophy of the cuticle and subcuticula at the zone of constriction, followed by their degeneration and loss, and by the increase and consolidation into a slender cord of the muscle and parenchyma fibres. With the rupture of the cord and the sealing up of the broken ends, fission is complete.The majority of the bladder-worms do not undergo fission, but the process is apparently spontaneous and quite normal for the species. Its cause is unknown, but it is thought to have a phylogenetic significance.
An Investigation into the Association of Creeping Eruption with Strongyloides Infection Contracted in the Far East
Authors: Sandosham A. A. 
Published: November 2009

Dr. J. P. Caplan (1949) of the Ministry of Pensions Tropical Diseases Unit, Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton, reported that in the course of 8 years he had observed several hundred cases of creeping eruption am, ong ex-prisoners-of-war from the Far East and that more than 98 per cent, of them had Strongyloides infection.According to Napier (1949), who comments on this condition, at least 90 per cent, of these patients had worked in Siam on. the notorious railway. One of Napier's cases came from the Assam-Burma frontier and one of Caplan's from Java. Professor J. J. C. Buckley, who was consulted, was of the opinion that morphologically the parasite in the faeces of these patients was in no way different from S. stercoralis Bavay, 1876).The writer decided to undertake this investigation, with Professor Buckley's permission, on ascertaining that a friend of his, an English doctor on leave from Malaya who had worked on the Siamese. Railway under the Japanese, was harbouring Strongyloides infection and had creeping eruption.
A Technique for the Detection of Polystoma integerrimum in the Common Frog (Rana temporaria)
Authors: Jennings J. B. 
Published: November 2009

An infection of the frog bladder by the Monogenetic Trematode Polystoma integerrimum can be detected by testing the urine for the presence of the pigment haematin. This substance is an end product of the digestion of blood, which the parasite sucks from the capillaries of the bladder wall, and it is voided from the flatworm's gut into the bladder to pass eventually to the exterior with the urine (Jennings—unpublished work).An alkaline solution of luminol (3-amino pthallic cyclic hydrazide hydrochloride) and hydrogen peroxide exhibits an intense blue luminescence in the presence of haematin (Proescher & Moody, 1938) and this reaction, which is very sensitive, can be used to detect the pigment in the urine of infected frogs.