bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Crisis of Political Trust? Global Trends in Institutional Trust from 1958 to 2019
Authors: Valgarðsson Viktor , Jennings Will , Stoker Gerry , Bunting Hannah , Devine Daniel , McKay Lawrence , Klassen Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the study of politics, many theoretical accounts assume that we are experiencing a ‘crisis of democracy’, with declining levels of political trust. While some empirical studies support this account, others disagree and report ‘trendless fluctuations’. We argue that these empirical ambiguities are based on analytical confusion: whether trust is declining depends on the institution, country, and period in question. We clarify these issues and apply our framework to an empirical analysis that is unprecedented in geographic and temporal scope: we apply Bayesian dynamic latent trait models to uncover underlying trends in data on trust in six institutions collated from 3,377 surveys conducted by 50 projects in 143 countries between 1958 and 2019. We identify important differences between countries and regions, but globally we find that trust in representative institutions has generally been declining in recent decades, whereas trust in ‘implementing’ institutions has been stable or rising.
Disentangling the causal role of motivation, enjoyment, and anxiety in second language speech learning: A final report
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Dewaele Jean-Marc , In’nami Yo , Abe Mariko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While our earlier report focused on the initial four months of the dataset (Saito et al., 2018, Language Learning), this study investigates the relationship between individual differences in motivation (Ideal Self and Ought–to Self), emotions (Enjoyment and Anxiety), and L2 speech learning among 121 Japanese English–as–a–Foreign–Language high school students over 1.5–years. Participants’ L2 speech proficiency consistently improved at each testing point (6 months, 10 months, and 1.5 years), while their motivation and emotions, measured through questionnaires, remained relatively stable. The results of structural equation modeling suggest that the relationship between motivation, emotions, and acquisition may evolve. Within the first 6-10 months, data indicated a correlational relationship, highlighting a mutual influence among motivation, emotions, and acquisition. However, as the study progressed beyond one year, after students had fully adapted to their educational settings, a clearer causal relationship emerged: Enhanced motivation and more positive emotions were linked to increased classroom practice, leading to significant gains in L2 speech proficiency. The predictive roles of Anxiety remained unclear in this longitudinal dataset.
Nuer has a floating suprasegmental component consisting of quantity and tone
Authors: Reid Tatiana , Remijsen Bert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is well-attested that floating tones can associate across a word boundary, but it is typologically unusual for floating weight units to do so. The Nuer language presents a floating suprasegmental component (FSC), which is part of lexical morphemes, and includes a unit of quantity and a High tone. This component is located at the left edge of nouns and is realised primarily across a word boundary on a preceding vowel. This article examines the FSC through a phonological analysis and a production study with eight speakers. These investigations reveal how the FSC interacts with the specifications for vowel length and tone of the adjacent context. Specifically, the weight unit of the FSC lengthens a preceding word-final short vowel, and its High tone combines in a compositional manner with tone of this preceding context. Comparisons with related languages suggest that the FSC developed out of a word-initial vowel /a/.
Complementary fine-scale habitat selection of the European nightjars (Caprimulgus europaeus) in nesting and foraging sites
Authors: Pradervand Jean-Nicolas , Wildi Julia , Guisan Antoine , Korner Pius , Evens Ruben , Jacot Alain 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Land-use changes are considered one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. Agricultural intensification, pastoral abandonment, and changes in forest management have led to the homogenisation of landscapes. In particular, the encroachment of grasslands and the densification of forests that are no longer pastured threaten species that require multiple habitats to nest and forage, such as the European Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus. Whereas previous studies have focused on understanding factors influencing the decrease of nightjars at regional or national scales, here, we aimed to assess fine-scaled habitat selection by nightjars within nesting and foraging sites based on high-resolution GPS tracking data. Vegetation structure and composition were quantified in the field. In the nesting habitat, nightjars prefer open forests with a low percentage of trees and where the ground is not covered by more than 40% of grass and crawling bushes (dwarf bushes such as Juniperus species). In contrast, when foraging, nightjars select open grasslands and biodiversity-friendly managed vineyards, both richly structured, i.e. interspersed or surrounded by other land-use types such as hedges or isolated trees. Both the nesting and foraging habitats are currently threatened, either by the abandonment of forest management, which makes stands denser and more homogeneous, or through agricultural intensification, which reduces land-use diversity. Clear habitat-specific management recommendations and political incentives are needed to simultaneously preserve and/or restore these critical habitats, which are important for nightjars that use complementary resources for nesting and foraging.
What Does Politics & Gender Publish? Trends, Methods, and Topics in Gender and Politics Research
Authors: Barnett Carolyn , FitzGerald Michael , Krumbholz Katie , Lamba Manika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We draw on a comprehensive dataset of metadata about journal articles substantively related to gender and politics published in 37 political science journals through the end of 2023, including Politics & Gender, to characterize and compare trends over time and the most prominent topics addressed by these journals. We show that the volume of work published by Politics & Gender has increased over time, has become increasingly quantitative in nature, and tends to focus on questions related to women running for political office and the nature of women’s political representation. These patterns closely reflect broader tendencies in the gender and politics research published by general-interest political science journals. Other journals dedicated to research on gender and politics tend to publish more qualitative research on topics including care work, the diffusion of equality norms, and conflict.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression after traumatic brain injury: responders’ characteristics
Authors: Maxwell Hillary , Dubois Sacha , Mazmanian Dwight , Ozen Lana , Gibbons Carrie , Bédard Michel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can alter day-to-day life. While changes in cognition and physical function are most often cited, emotional disturbances, notably depression, are also common. For individuals who experience depression symptoms, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) may afford the opportunity to address these symptoms by teaching skills to mitigate negative thought patterns and foster acceptance. Yet, as with any treatment for depression, MBCT may not be the best fit for everyone. According to the literature, characteristics such as age, gender, and baseline mindfulness or pain levels have the potential to affect treatment response. While these factors have yet to be explored within a TBI sample, we must additionally consider whether possible cognitive impairment due to TBI plays a role in treatment response. Drawing from an earlier multi-site randomized controlled trial to explore the efficacy of MBCT for depression in a TBI sample, the current study examined the associations between a number of baseline factors (demographic, emotional, physical, and cognitive) and decreased depression scores post-intervention. Partial correlations adjusted for gender. Findings indicated that only higher levels of pain at baseline were associated with lesser effectiveness of the intervention. MBCT offers a good treatment option for most individuals experiencing depression following TBI.

Key learning aims

(1)
To explore factors associated with treatment response to MBCT for depression after TBI.

(2)
To understand how cognitive impairment resulting from TBI need not preclude treatment response.

(3)
To reflect on the role of pain in treatment response.
Evaluating the effectiveness of tfCBT and EMDR interventions for PTSD in an NHS Talking Therapies service
Authors: Belli Stefano R. , Howell Mark , Grey Nick , Tiraboschi Silvia , Sim Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) are NICE-recommended evidence-based treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is less specification of which individuals might find CBT versus EMDR more effective, or whether other factors influence treatment outcomes. This study describes a service evaluation of trauma-focused CBT (CT-PTSD) and EMDR treatment outcomes for PTSD in a London out-patient NHS Talking Therapies (NHS TT) service over 11 years (N=1580). The evaluation was conducted in an adult sample (mean age 37 years), of which 65% were women. The mean number of treatment episodes for PTSD in the service in the sample was 2.39 (SD=1.86), and the mean number of therapy sessions attended was 6.15 (SD=6.43). When using NHS TT recovery criteria, there was no significant difference between PTSD recovery rates in the service for those who received CT-PTSD (40.8%) versus EMDR (43.6%). CT-PTSD was associated with greater reductions in anxious and depressive (but not PTSD-specific) symptoms than EMDR, but this was confounded by the fact that individuals receiving CT-PTSD in the service had higher anxiety and depression scores at start-of-treatment. Older age and non-female gender were associated with higher anxiety and depression scores. PTSD recovery rates were comparable to other NHS TT services. There is no clear indication that either CBT or EMDR is a more effective treatment for PTSD symptoms in the service, although preliminary findings could inform treatment planning regarding differential effects of the treatments on anxious and depressive symptoms. Other clinical implications are discussed.

Key learning aims

(1)
To gain a better understanding of the relative effectiveness of trauma-focused CBT and EMDR for PTSD, as provided in a working NHS TT service.

(2)
To allow better-informed clinical and treatment pathway planning for individuals with trauma problems in a talking therapies service.

(3)
To contribute to the wider research literature on effective interventions for trauma within cognitive therapy and NHS frameworks.
A Method for Calculating Attenuation in Creeping Materials
Authors: Maor Ron , Badt Nir Z. , Ulloa Hugo N. , Goldsby David L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe phase lag between an applied forcing and a response to that forcing is a fundamental parameter in geophysical signal processing. For solid deforming materials, the phase lag between an oscillatory applied stress and the resulting strain response encapsulates information about the dynamical behavior of materials. The phase lag is not directly measured and must be extracted through multiple steps by carefully comparing two time‐series signals. The extracted value of the phase lag is highly sensitive to the nature of the signals and the analysis method. Here, we propose a method for extracting the phase lag between two signals when either one or both include an underlying nonlinear trend, which is very common when measuring attenuation in creeping materials. We demonstrate the robustness of the method by analyzing artificial signals and quantifying their absolute and relative errors. We apply the method to two experimental datasets and compare our results with previous studies.
Accounting for Compound Flooding Can Prevent Maladaptation—A Baltic Sea Case Study
Authors: Kupfer Sunna , Vafeidis Athanasios T. , MacPherson Leigh R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEstuarine areas are currently at risk of compound flooding, the frequency and intensity of which is expected to increase with climate change. Even though efforts are made to adapt against single flood drivers using hard protection, potential subsequent changes in flood risk due to compound flooding are often overlooked in flood risk assessments. This is because risk assessments mostly focus on individual flood drivers and do not account for changes in risk from adaptation measures. We address this question and use hydrodynamic modeling to simulate compound flooding for two adaptation scenarios. We consider adaptation in terms of storm surge barriers, in two locations along the Trave estuary, namely Schlutup and Trave, at Lübeck, Germany. We assess the effectiveness of both storm surge barriers in reducing flooding by simulating individual‐driver, as well as low‐ and high‐magnitude compound flood scenarios. We find that while during low‐magnitude compound flooding both barriers reduce the overall flood extent by 25%–86%, high‐magnitude compound flooding leads to an increase of up to 100%, depending on the location of the barrier. Our results suggest that the river contribution is amplified by 52%–100% by the Schlutup Barrier. The Trave Barrier, however, only amplifies flood extents in the high‐magnitude compound flood scenarios. Our findings highlight the need to consider compound flooding in adaptation planning to avoid defense failure and unexpected increases in risk. However, as this study considers only two (low probability) extreme events, a more comprehensive approach is necessary to fully understand the overall impact on risk.
Anomalous Sediment Consolidation and Alteration From Buried Incoming Plate Seamounts Along the Cascadia Margin
Authors: Lee Michelle K. , Carbotte Suzanne M. , Han Shuoshuo , Shuck Brandon , Gurun Pinar , Boston Brian , Nedimovic Mladen , Tobin Harold , Norvell Ben , Spinelli Glenn 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOceanic plate seamounts are believed to play an important role in megathrust rupture at subduction zones, although consistent relationships between subducting seamounts and plate interface seismicity patterns are not found. While most studies focus on impacts linked to their topography, seamounts are also sites of heterogeneity in incoming plate sediments that may contribute to megathrust properties. Here, we characterize incoming plate sediments along the Cascadia subduction zone using new high‐resolution seismic images and compressional wave (Vp) models from the CASIE21 multi‐channel‐seismic experiment. Nine fully‐to‐partially buried seamounts are identified seaward of the deformation front within a region of thick Plio‐Pleistocene sediment where the Juan de Fuca plate is bending into the subduction zone. Anomalously high Vp sediment blankets two seamounts offshore Washington‐Central Oregon, with wavespeeds reaching 36% and 20% higher than adjacent sediment. Fluid seepage and temperatures warm enough for smectite diagenesis extending to shallow depths are inferred from heat flow studies and we attribute Vp anomalies to sediment cementation linked primarily to smectite dehydration. Signatures of fluid seepage above seamounts are also identified offshore Vancouver Island, but anomalously low Vp sediment below distinct reverse polarity reflections are found, indicating trapped fluids, and cooler basement temperatures are inferred. Landward of one seamount, a zone of enhanced sediment compaction is found, consistent with the predicted stress modulating effects of seamount subduction. These new findings of variations in sediment diagenesis and strength around seamounts prior to subduction may contribute to the diverse megathrust frictional properties and seismicity patterns evident at subducting seamounts.
Transgenerational inheritance of diabetes susceptibility in male offspring with maternal androgen exposure
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Hu Shourui , Han Shan , Liu Congcong , Liang Xiaofan , Li Yuxuan , Lin Zongxuan , Qin Yiming , Geng Chunxuan , Liu Yue , Cui Linlin , Hu Jingmei , Zhang Changming , Wang Zhao , Liu Xin , Ma Jinlong , Chen Zi-Jiang , Zhao Han 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Androgen exposure (AE) poses a profound health threat to women, yet its transgenerational impacts on male descendants remain unclear. Here, employing a large-scale mother-child cohort, we show that maternal hyperandrogenism predisposes sons to β-cell dysfunction. Male offspring mice with prenatal AE exhibited hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance across three generations, which were further exacerbated by aging and a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, compromised insulin secretion underlies this transgenerational susceptibility to diabetes. Integrated analyses of methylome and transcriptome revealed differential DNA methylation of β-cell functional genes in AE-F1 sperm, which was transmitted to AE-F2 islets and further retained in AE-F2 sperm, leading to reduced expression of genes related to insulin secretion, including Pdx1, Irs1, Ptprn2, and Cacna1c. The methylation signatures in AE-F1 sperm were corroborated in diabetic humans and the blood of sons with maternal hyperandrogenism. Moreover, caloric restriction and metformin treatments normalized hyperglycemia in AE-F1 males and blocked their inheritance to offspring by restoring the aberrant sperm DNA methylations. Our findings highlight the transgenerational inheritance of impaired glucose homeostasis in male offspring from maternal AE via DNA methylation changes, providing methylation biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to safeguard future generations’ metabolic health.
Unveiling charge utilization mechanisms in ferroelectric for water splitting
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Yong , Dittrich Thomas , Wang Zhuan , Ji Pengxiang , Li Mingrun , Ta Na , Zhang Hongyan , Zhen Chao , Xu Yanjun , Li Dongfeng , Feng Zhendong , Li Zheng , Luo Yaling , Cui Junhao , Su Dong , Weng Yuxiang , Liu Gang , Wang Xiuli , Fan Fengtao , Li Can 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Charge separation is a critical process for achieving high photocatalytic efficiency, and ferroelectrics hold significant potential for facilitating effective charge separation. However, few studies have demonstrated substantial photocatalytic activity in these materials. In this study, we demonstrate that in ferroelectric PbTiO3, surface Ti vacancy defects near the positively polarized facets impede photocatalytic performance by trapping electrons and inducing their recombination. To tackle this issue, we selectively grew SrTiO3 nanolayers on the polarized facets PbTiO3, effectively mitigating interface Ti defects. This modification establishes a efficient electron transfer pathway at the interface between the positively polarized facets and the cocatalyst, extending the electron lifetime from 50 microseconds to the millisecond scale and significantly increasing electron participation in water-splitting reactions. Consequently, the apparent quantum yield for overall water splitting achieves the highest values reported to date for ferroelectric photocatalytic materials. This work provides an effective strategy for designing advanced ferroelectric photocatalytic systems.
Sensori- and psychomotor abnormalities, psychopathological symptoms and functionality in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a network analytic approach
Authors: Fritze Stefan , Brandt Geva A. , Volkmer Sebastian , Daub Jonas , Altinok Dilsa Cemre Akkoc , Kubera Katharina M. , Correll Christoph U. , Northoff Georg , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Hirjak Dusan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sensori- and psychomotor abnormalities are an inherent part of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) pathophysiology and linked to psychopathological symptoms as well as cognitive and global functioning. However, how these different symptom clusters simultaneously interact with each other is still unclear. Here, we examined 192 SSD patients (37.75 ± 12.15 years, 73 females). First, we investigated the cross-sectional prevalence and overlap of individual sensori- and psychomotor abnormalities. Second, we applied network analysis methods to simultaneously model the associations between Neurological Soft Signs (NSS), level of akathisia, parkinsonism symptoms, tardive dyskinesia (TD) and catatonia signs as well as cognition, psychopathology, global functioning and daily antipsychotic dose. The largest centralities were exhibited by NSS (0.90), catatonia signs (0.82) and global functioning (0.79). NSS showed strong partial correlations with cognition and parkinsonism symptoms (edge weight, ew = 0.409 and ew = 0.318, respectively). Catatonia signs showed strong connections with global functioning (ew = 0.333). In contrast, TD, akathisia and daily antipsychotic dose were weakly connected with other variables (e.g., largest ew=0.176 between TD and akathisia). In conclusion, NSS and cognition, parkinsonism symptoms and NSS as well as catatonia signs and global functioning seem to be preferentially connected in SSD. The daily medication had little influence on sensori- and psychomotor abnormalities, indicating that they are features of core SSD pathophysiology. Future studies should incorporate these relationships to enhance the understanding of SSD.
Identifying vaccine-hesitant subgroups in the Western Pacific using latent class analysis
Authors: Choi Yongjin , Leung Kathy , Wu Joseph T. , Larson Heidi J. , Lin Leesa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy seriously compromised the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out across the Western Pacific with limited evidence-based recommendations for diverse populations across the region. This study investigates the profile of the vaccine-hesitant populations by using fixed-effect latent class analysis and multi-country survey data collected in 12 countries in 2021 and 2022: Cambodia, Viet Nam, Lao PDR, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Mongolia, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. The analysis identified 9 latent classes: Stay-at-home mothers, High-school-educated employees, High-school-educated older adults, High-school-educated young adults, University-educated employees, University-educated older adults, University-educated young adults, Unemployed, Non-compliant employees. The probabilities of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and booster uptake were significantly lower in most of these latent classes, compared to University-educated older adults, as the reference group. While each country had unique compositions of latent classes among vaccine-hesitant people, there were also some shared risk groups, such as High-school-educated employees and High-school-educated young adults, across the countries. The study findings demonstrate the benefits of subgroup analysis in unpacking the complex interplay of characteristics within vaccine-hesitant populations, highlighting the need for customised strategies tailored to each country’s unique profile of vaccine hesitancy.