bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Fascism in Britain: Building the Blackshirt in the Inter-War Period
Authors: GOTTLIEB JULIE 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn recent years scholars have devoted a great deal of attention and theorisation to the body in history, looking both at bodies as metaphors and as sites of intervention. These studies have tended to focus on the analysis of bodies in a national context, acting for and acted upon by the state, and similarly the ever-expanding study of masculinity continues to try to define hegemonic masculinities. But what if we direct our gaze to marginal bodies, in this case Blackshirt bodies who act against the state, and a political movement that commits assault on the body politic? This article examines the centrality of the body and distinctive gender codes in the self-representation, the performance and practice, and the culture of Britain's failed fascist movement during the 1930s. The term ‘body fascism’ has taken on different and much diluted meaning in the present day, but in the British Union of Fascists’ construction of the Blackshirted body, in the movement's emphasis on the embodiment of their political religion through sport, physical fitness and public display of offensive and defensive violence, and in their distinctive and racialised bodily aesthetic illustrated in their visual and graphic art production we come to understand Britain's fascist movement as a product of modernity and as one potent expression of the convergence between populist politics and body fixation.
The Job Market's First Steps: Using Research Tools to Simplify the Process
Authors: Moore Ryan T. , Reeves Andrew 
Published: April 2011

AbstractExcitement about the political science job market builds around the time of the Labor Day Annual Meeting of the APSA, when schools start to post their openings for the next year. As we entered the job market, we found ourselves repeatedly collecting information about available positions as we prepared application materials. We monitored APSA's eJobs website, cut and pasted relevant job information into a single spreadsheet, and assembled letters using that information. Here, we introduce free and open-source tools to automate these data collection and letter generation procedures using R and LaTeX. Our system minimizes manual data entry by extracting and creating a spreadsheet from APSA's eJobs information. We walk applicants through the initial job search steps, including using eJobs, compiling position information, and producing attractive letters.
Getting Political Science in on the Joke: Using The Daily Show and Other Comedy to Teach Politics
Authors: Beavers Staci L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe challenges of teaching introductory-level U.S. politics to reluctant audiences are well known and widely lamented. This article investigates the pedagogical potential of political satire, specifically The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, in engaging students in this tough-to-teach course. Based on a review of available literature and student survey data from the fall 2008 term, I argue that using this popular program in the classroom can enhance an introductory U.S. politics course. A review of both these survey data and student papers based on the program suggests promising possibilities for encouraging students' political engagement and critical-thinking skills. This preliminary examination demonstrates that further study on the program's potential both for student engagement and student learning outcomes is warranted.
Speaking with an Accent: Some Practical Advice for Foreign First-Time Teachers
Authors: Berardo Ramiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe majority of Ph.D. programs in political science in the United States provide some kind of teaching training for graduate students, which ranges from assisting other instructors to designing and teaching new courses. In most cases, departments make an effort to guide these students in their new role as instructors; however, first-time teachers whose first language is not English do not usually receive any special guidance on how to successfully address the challenge of communicating effectively with their students—an all-too-real problem for many foreign instructors. This article provides some basic tips for improving the communication process that develops in the classroom, and is particularly tailored for individuals whose first language is not English and who are about to take the first steps of their teaching careers.
Influence of Crystallographic Texture on Young's Modulus of Various Alloy 82H Welds
Authors: Claves Steven R. , Mills William J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractElectron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed to analyze the microstructure and texture of four different Alloy 82H gas tungsten arc welds that previously underwent static and dynamic modulus testing. The Young's moduli were shown to differ among the various welds, but also within each weld, dependent upon the direction measured. These differences were attributed to anisotropy of the crystallographic textures, which were described using inverse pole figures with respect to each of the weld's three orthogonal axes. The Young's modulus demonstrated a strong correlation with the texture, consistent with single crystal experiments. Sample directions containing a large population of {100} orientations had the lowest Young's modulus, while those with {111} grains possessed the highest. Microstructures with {110} textures were closer to the average modulus value of 207 GPa (30.0 Msi). X-ray diffraction texture measurements on four samples were used to verify the EBSD results.
Mineralogical, chemical, organic and microbial properties of subsurface soil cores from Mars Desert Research Station (Utah, USA): Phyllosilicate and sulfate analogues to Mars mission landing sites
Authors: Stoker Carol R. , Clarke Jonathan , Direito Susana O.L. , Blake David , Martin Kevin R. , Zavaleta Jhony , Foing Bernard 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe collected and analysed soil cores from four geologic units surrounding Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) Utah, USA, including Mancos Shale, Dakota Sandstone, Morrison formation (Brushy Basin member) and Summerville formation. The area is an important geochemical and morphological analogue to terrains on Mars. Soils were analysed for mineralogy by a Terra X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a field version of the CheMin instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission (2012 landing). Soluble ion chemistry, total organic content and identity and distribution of microbial populations were also determined. The Terra data reveal that Mancos and Morrison soils are rich in phyllosilicates similar to those observed on Mars from orbital measurements (montmorillonite, nontronite and illite). Evaporite minerals observed include gypsum, thenardite, polyhalite and calcite. Soil chemical analysis shows sulfate the dominant anion in all soils and SO4>>CO3, as on Mars. The cation pattern Na>Ca>Mg is seen in all soils except for the Summerville where Ca>Na. In all soils, SO4correlates with Na, suggesting sodium sulfates are the dominant phase. Oxidizable organics are low in all soils and range from a high of 0.7% in the Mancos samples to undetectable at a detection limit of 0.1% in the Morrison soils. Minerals rich in chromium and vanadium were identified in Morrison soils that result from diagenetic replacement of organic compounds. Depositional environment, geologic history and mineralogy all affect the ability to preserve and detect organic compounds. Subsurface biosphere populations were revealed to contain organisms from all three domains (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya) with cell density between 3.0×106and 1.8×107cells ml−1at the deepest depth. These measurements are analogous to data that could be obtained on future robotic or human Mars missions and results are relevant to the MSL mission that will investigate phyllosilicates on Mars.
Modelling the impacts of environmental variation on the distribution of blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Su Nan-Jay , Sun Chi-Lu , Punt André E. , Yeh Su-Zan , DiNardo Gerard 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Su, N-J., Sun, C-L., Punt, A. E., Yeh, S-Z., and DiNardo, G. 2011. Modelling the impacts of environmental variation on the distribution of blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, in the Pacific Ocean. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1072–1080. Blue marlin are distributed throughout tropical and temperate waters in the Pacific Ocean. The preference of this species for particular habitats may affect its distribution and vulnerability to being caught. The relationships between the spatial pattern of blue marlin abundance and oceanographic conditions, which may be influenced by climate change, were examined using generalized additive models fitted to catch and effort data from longline fisheries. Distributions of blue marlin density, based on combining the probability of presence and abundance given presence, indicate that there is annual variation in the distribution of blue marlin and that the population apparently moved east during the 1997–1998 El Niño. The interannual variability in blue marlin distribution appears to be associated with El Niño events and is related to shifts in sea surface temperature and the deepening of the thermocline. Models of catch and effort that include oceanographic variables could be used, given predictions from climate models, to explore future changes in distribution, which could then be used to provide management advice related to time-area closures.
An error budget for different sources of error in digital soil mapping
Authors: Nelson M. A. , Bishop T. F. A. , Triantafilis J. , Odeh I. O. A. 
Published: April 2011

Digital soil mapping is gathering momentum across the globe, driven by a need for soil information and made possible by the increasingly widespread availability of spatial data that can be used to represent Jenny's (1941) soil forming factors. Much of the focus is on the predicted values of soil properties but it is equally important to quantify associated prediction errors.Previous studies have considered individual sources of error in a digital soil map but none have considered the combined effect of all sources. In this study, we develop an error budget procedure to quantify the relative contributions that positional, analytical, covariate and model error make to the prediction error of a digital soil map of clay content. We consider four scenarios corresponding to typical levels of data quality: (i) good, (ii) legacy, (iii) spectroscopic and (iv) poor quality data.The error budget procedure uses both geostatistical and Monte‐Carlo simulation to produce numerous realizations of the data and their underlying errors. Linear mixed models are used to construct the digital soil map. In this implementation we consider the error associated with the measurement of the clay content; the location of the survey sites; the interpolation of the covariate (ECa); and the estimation of the fixed effects, random effects and interpolation from the linear mixed model.For all data quality scenarios, the error from the model dominated the prediction error (mean square error of 67.24–72.41% Clay2). Where the analytical error was small, the error attributed to the covariate was greater than the analytical error. This relationship was reversed in the data quality scenarios where the analytical error was large. Under all data quality scenarios, the effect of positional error was negligible.
Systemic root signalling in a belowground, volatile‐mediated tritrophic interaction
Authors: HILTPOLD IVAN , ERB MATTHIAS , ROBERT CHRISTELLE A. M. , TURLINGS TED C. J. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTPlants attacked by leaf herbivores release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) both locally from the wounded site and systemically from non‐attacked tissues. These volatiles serve as attractants for predators and parasitoids. This phenomenon is well described for plant leaves, but systemic induction of VOCs in the roots has remained unstudied. We assessed the spatial and temporal activation of the synthesis and release of (E)‐β‐caryophyllene (EβC) in maize roots upon feeding by larvae of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, as well as the importance of systemically produced EβC for the attraction of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis megidis. The production of EβC was found to be significantly stronger at the site of attack than in non‐attacked tissues. A weak, but significant, increase in transcriptional activity of the EβC synthase gene tps23 and a corresponding increase in EβC content were observed in the roots above the feeding site and in adjacent roots, demonstrating for the first time that herbivory triggers systemic production of a volatile within root systems. In belowground olfactometers, the nematodes were significantly more attracted towards local feeding sites than systemically induced roots. The possible advantages and disadvantages of systemic volatile signalling in roots are discussed.
What's the point of placements?
Authors: FREEMAN MARGARET , EASTWOOD JENNIFER , WHITEHOUSE JANE , SHUTE CHARLES 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT  Although the clinical placement is a major component in the education of student speech and language therapists, there has been little research about the nature of the placement as a learning experience. This paper reports a study which elicited the views of participants in clinical placements organised by two universities. The results of a detailed questionnaire, completed by 45 final‐year students, 173 clinicians and 15 lecturers revealed little agreement on the factors which were deemed most important for students' learning on placements. In summary:

Students valued: independent decision‐making, clinical and general management skills and getting through/passing the course.
Clinicians valued: professional competence, clinical and general management skills and careers commitment.
Lecturers valued: interpersonal and social skills, clinical and general management skills and relating theory to practice.

This apparent mis‐match of perceptions could have major implications for the participants who may be unaware that they have different expectations for placement outcomes and yet are all involved in the assessment process. Some explanations of this disparity are explored. It is suggested that a strong influencing factor is the lack of coherent theories, either of therapy itself or the ways in which therapy is taught and learned. Current learning on clinical placements may be described as an apprenticeship in which students learn to follow clinical procedures passed down from the ‘master’ clinician. Absence of explicit theory ensures that participants' subjective viewpoints — rather than theoretical orientation — form the basis of the process of learning to become a speech and language therapist.
Nasal foreign bodies in children: considerations for the anesthesiologist
Authors: Yasny Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe combination of a curious young child exploring his/her nasal cavities, with the abundance of small inert and natural objects in our society, culminates in a significant number of nasal foreign bodies (NFBs). Usually NFBs are benign entities, yielding relatively simple resolutions and mild morbidities. However, their presence can lead to much more serious consequences if they are inserted unwitnessed, grow asymptomatically for several months or years, and significantly affect surrounding tissues. Moreover, if these substances become displaced posteriorly and enter the lower respiratory tract, dire circumstances may occur. This article discusses the different types of NFBs, various clinical presentations, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and pertinent considerations for the anesthesia care provider. Increasing one’s awareness of the implications of NFBs, can optimize the safe treatment of patients harboring this development.
A Stochastic Model for AssessingChlamydia TrachomatisTransmission Risk by Using Longitudinal Observational Data
Authors: Tu Wanzhu , Ghosh Pulak , Katz Barry P. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryBacterium Chlamydia trachomatis causes genital chlamydia infection. Yet little is known about the efficiency of transmission of this organism. Ethical constraint against exposing healthy subjects to infected partners precludes the possibility of quantifying the risk of transmission through controlled experiments. This research proposes an alternative strategy that relies on observational data. Specifically, we present a stochastic model that treats longitudinally observed states of infection in a group of young women as a Markov process. The model proposed explicitly accommodates the parameters of Chlamydia trachomatis transmission, including per-encounter sexually transmitted infection acquisition risks, with and without condom protection, and the probability of antibiotic treatment failure. The male-to-female transmission probability of Chlamydia trachomatis is then estimated by combining the per-encounter disease acquisition risk and the organism’s prevalence in the male partner population. The model proposed is fitted in a Bayesian computational framework.
Phonotactic constraint violations in German grammar are detected automatically in auditory speech processing: A human event‐related potentials study
Authors: Steinberg Johanna , Truckenbrodt Hubert , Jacobsen Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this human ERP study, effects of language‐specific phonotactic restrictions on automatic auditory speech processing were investigated by means of the dorsal fricative assimilation (DFA) that is obligatory in German grammar. Using a multiple passive oddball paradigm, we studied the deviance‐related processing of phonotactically ill‐formed strings violating DFA. Eight VC‐syllables were created by exhaustively combining the vowels and the dorsal fricatives
, resulting in four well‐formed and four ill‐formed stimuli that were contrasted in oddball blocks with changing probabilities of occurrence. Only the ill‐formed deviants elicited a negative ERP deflection maximal at about 100 msec after the onset of the fricative. This negativity is considered to reflect a phonotactic evaluation process requiring the activation of implicit phonotactic knowledge from long‐term memory and resulting in the automatic detection of a DFA violation.
Some statistical characteristics of special education for children with disabilities in North‐East India
Authors: Kalita Jumi , Sarmah Pranita 
Published: April 2011

It is estimated that of approximately 150–250 million children with disabilities across the world, a large number have difficulties related to problems in the central nervous system (CNS). This paper considers school dropout rates of children with special educational needs associated with CNS problems from a study of educational institutions in North‐East India.Statistical methods, namely the Kaplan–Meier estimator (Product–Limit estimator) for survival probability and the Nelson–Aalen estimator for cumulative hazard rates, were used to identify potential school continuation or dropout probabilities (survival probabilities), along with cumulative hazard rates (dropout rates) for children with a range of disabilities from different training institutions within the sample area.The research found an increasing likelihood of increased dropout rates in relation to the age of the children within the study sample. This indicates that special education is yet to produce satisfactory results for these children.
Extraosseous uptake with DPD (Teceos®)
Authors: Bach‐Gansmo Tore , Bogsrud Trond V. , Holmboe Laila , Pedersen Elisabeth L. , Müller Carl 
Published: April 2011

SummaryObjective:  During a short period of 10 days, four patients presented with intense extraosseous uptake of a technetium‐labelled bone‐seeking agent, three in the heart and one in the liver at our hospital. During the next 6 weeks, identical heart uptake was found in another two patients. Two patients were re‐examined, with identical uptake on the second occasion. A search for a possible cause was initiated.Methods:  Bone scintigraphy with Teceos® was performed after labelling the kit as described in the Summary of Product Characteristics [IBA, http://www.iba‐molecular.com/sites/default/files/spcT1901E.pdf (in french, 29/3/2011)]. On two occasions, the kit used was retrospectively analysed, without any apparent abnormality. Two patients were re‐examined 1 month later, with identical cardiac and liver uptake on repeat examination. Contact with referring physicians and blood test screening did not show any consistent reason for these extraosseous uptakes. Additionally, five cases at other hospitals in Norway have been brought to our attention.Results:  In at least ten patients, intense cardiac uptake has been recorded, all in relatively old patients, and one young patient had massive liver uptake. No abnormalities in labelling or composition of 3,3‐diphospho‐1,2‐propanedicarboxylic acid were found.Discussion:  Liver and cardiac uptakes of bone‐seeking agents have been described in amyloidosis, and for the heart, after myocardial infarction. We have ruled out any possible contamination by interfering radiopharmaceuticals and cannot find any reason for these findings. Eleven patients with amyloidosis seem one of several hypotheses that is highly improbable.
Mating behavior and contact pheromones of Batocera horsfieldi (Hope) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: LUO Sen‐Lin , ZHUGE Piao‐Piao , WANG Man‐Qun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe mating behavior of Batocera horsfieldi (Hope) was observed in the laboratory. The results showed that copulation of this longhorned beetle consisted of three phases: (i) encountering and pair‐bonding; (ii) mating attempt and ejaculation; and (iii) post‐copulatory guarding. Frozen females, with cuticular hydrocarbons stripped by hexane extraction, showed no attraction for males. Reapplying the solvent extract of frozen females to both washed dead males and females caused mating attempts by males, confirming that cuticular hydrocarbons (contact sex pheromones) played an important role in recognition of females by male B. horsfieldi.