bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary pentosidine improves risk classification using fracture risk assessment tools for postmenopausal women
Authors: Tanaka Shiro , Kuroda Tatsuhiko , Saito Mitsuru , Shiraki Masataka 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We investigated whether measurement of pentosidine, in addition to the conventional risk assessment tool, the Fracture and Immobilization Score (FRISC), improves early identification of fracture cases. A total of 765 postmenopausal Japanese women with baseline measurement of urinary pentosidine were followed in a hospital-based cohort study. Endpoints were incidence of vertebral fracture, incidence of long bone fracture, and incidence of long bone and vertebral fracture. To assess the effect of pentosidine on fracture risk, we fitted multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for age, body weight, diabetes mellitus, lumbar BMD, prior fracture, and presence of back pain. To explore potential nonlinear relationships, we fitted a multivariate generalized additive model. To assess the discriminatory power of pentosidine, we performed receiver operating characteristic analysis. The hazard ratios for a 1 SD increase in pentosidine were 1.18 (95% CI 1.05–1.33, p &lt; 0.01) for vertebral fracture and 1.20 (95% CI 1.07–1.33, p &lt; 0.01) for long bone and vertebral fractures. The relationship was approximately linear, and there was no indication of the presence of a threshold. The C statistics were 0.732 (95% CI 0.686–0.778) for the model with both pentosidine and the 10-year risk and 0.702 (95% CI 0.654–0.750) for the 10-year risk alone. Eighty-three subjects (11%) in the whole cohort were in the highest quartile of pentosidine, although their 10-year risks were less than 15% and included 17 incident vertebral fracture cases. Urinary pentosidine improves risk classification using conventional risk assessment tools. Optimal clinical strategies of diagnosis and treatment remain uncertain and in need of additional investigation. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Optimal monitoring time interval between DXA measures in children
Authors: Shepherd John A , Wang Li , Fan Bo , Gilsanz Vicente , Kalkwarf Heide J , Lappe Joan , Lu Ying , Hangartner Thomas , Zemel Babette S , Fredrick Margaret , Oberfield Sharon , Winer Karen K 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The monitoring time interval (MTI) is the expected time in years necessary to identify a change between two measures that exceeds the measurement error. Our purpose was to determine MTI values for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in normal healthy children, according to age, sex, and skeletal site. 2014 children were enrolled in the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study and had DXA scans of the lumbar spine, total hip, nondominant forearm, and whole body. Measurements were obtained annually for seven visits from 2002 to 2010. Annualized rates of change were calculated by age and sex for all bone regions. A subgroup of 155 children ages 6 to 16 years (85 boys) had duplicate scans for calculation of scan precision. The bone mineral density (BMD) regions of interest included the spine, total body less head (TBLH), total hip, femoral neck, and one-third radius. Bone mineral content (BMC) was also evaluated for the spine and TBLH. The percent coefficient of variation (%CV) and MTI were calculated for each measure as a function of age and sex. The MTI values were substantially less than 1 year for the TBLH and spine BMD and BMC for boys ≤ 17 years and girls ≤ 15 years. The hip and one-third radius MTIs were generally 1 year in the same group. MTI values as low as 3 months were found during the peak growth years. However, the MTI values in late adolescence for all regions were substantially longer and became nonsensical as each region neared the age for peak bone density. All four DXA measurement sites had reasonable (&lt; 1 year) MTI values for boys ≤ 17 years and girls ≤ 15 years. MTI was neither useful nor stable in late adolescence and young adulthood. Alternative criteria to determine scan intervals must be used in this age range. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
New heterocycles of 2,3‐diaryl‐substituted maleic hydrazides
Authors: Shih[1] Hsiencheng , Shih Renshuay J. , Carson Dennis A. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract2,3‐Diaryl‐substituted maleic anhydrides were prepared by a modified one‐pot synthesis of Perkin condensation using mixed sodium salts of arylglyoxylic acid and arylacetic acid with acetic anhydride in 1,4‐dioxane. The treatment of these anhydrides with ammonium bicarbonate, or methanolic hydrazine, offered the corresponding 2,3‐diaryl‐substituted maleimides and maleic hydrazides (4,5‐diaryl‐substituted 1,2‐dihydropyridazine‐3,6‐dione), respectively. Evidence obtained from NMR, UV, and mass spectra suggest that 2,3‐diaryl‐substituted maleic hydrazides do not exhibit monolactim forms. Ring contraction of the diaryl‐substituted maleic hydrazide by nitrosation led to the formation of the corresponding maleimide. Interconversion between the corresponding maleic hydrazide and maleimide was observed following equilibrium reaction. Our experiment proposes that the chemistry of 2,3‐diaryl‐substituted maleic hydrazides rarely involves the function of ethylene moiety and resembles that of succinic hydrazine. J. Heterocyclic Chem.,(2011).
The spatial and temporal sampling errors inherent in low resolution radar estimates of rainfall
Authors: Shucksmith P. E. , Sutherland‐Stacey L. , Austin G. L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe errors introduced into radar estimates of rainfall by making observations at spatial and temporal resolutions that are coarse compared with precipitation systems' characteristic length and time scales are explored in this study. High resolution (200 m, 50 s) X‐band radar data from 48 mid‐latitude precipitation events are downgraded progressively in spatial and temporal resolution so that estimates of this sampling error can be made by comparing 10 min rainfall accumulations of this data to accumulations calculated from the original high resolution data. The analysis shows these errors to be of significant magnitude. For 2 km and 5 min sampling, this error varies from 17 to 64% of the mean rainfall accumulation. A relationship is shown between the error introduced from the reduction in spatial resolution and the characteristic length scale of the precipitation system along with a metric of precipitation intensity. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Gene expression response of mouse lung, liver and white adipose tissue to β‐carotene supplementation, knockout of Bcmo1 and sex
Authors: van Helden Yvonne G. J. , Godschalk Roger W. L. , von Lintig Johannes , Lietz Georg , Landrier Jean‐Francois , Luisa Bonet M. , van Schooten Frederik J. , Keijer Jaap 
Published: July 2011

AbstractScope: Little information is available on differences, commonalities and especially interactions in overall gene expression responses as a result of diet, differences in sex (male and female) and effects induced by differences in metabolism. Moreover, it is unknown whether such effects are tissue specific.Methods and results: We investigated the gene expression effects induced by β‐carotene (BC) supplementation, knockout of β‐carotene 15,15′‐monooxygenase 1 (Bcmo1) and differences between male and female mice in lung, liver and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Unsupervised principal component analysis showed that lung gene expression was most affected by knockout of Bcmo1. Liver was most affected by knockout of Bcmo1 and differences in sex. iWAT was most affected by differences in sex. Hardly any genes were commonly influenced by BC among the three tissues. The effect of BC supplementation and knockout of Bcmo1 were relatively sex specific, especially in iWAT.Conclusion: These data demonstrate that gene expression differences induced by BC are limited to the tissue and sex that is analyzed, and that differences in metabolism induced by for example single nucleotide polymorphisms, should be taken into account as much as possible. Moreover, our results indicate that translation from one tissue to the other should be done with caution for any nutritional intervention.
Polymorphisms of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in idiopathic, infertile Brazilian men: A case–control study
Authors: Bianco Bianca , Peluso Carla , Gava Marcello Machado , Ghirelli‐Filho Milton , Lipay Monica Vannucci Nunes , Lipay Marco Aurélio , Christofolini Denise Maria , Barbosa Caio Parente 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEstrogen plays an important role in the human reproductive system and its action is mediated mainly by two specific receptors: α (ERα) and β (ERβ). There are polymorphic variants in both ER genes, and studies showed their association with reproductive outcomes. We aimed to determine the distribution of ERα and ERβ gene polymorphisms in idiopathic, infertile Brazilian patients in a case–control study comprising 187 idiopathic, infertile Brazilian men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA, n = 78) or severe oligozoospermia (SO, n = 109) and 216 fertile men. Detection of ERα (PvuII and XbaI) and ERβ (AluI and RsaI) gene polymorphisms were performed using TaqMan PCR. The results were analyzed statically, and a P‐value < 0.05 was considered significant. Single‐marker analysis revealed that neither PvuII nor XbaI polymorphisms of the ERα gene were associated either with NOA group (P = 0.662 and P = 0.527, respectively) or SO group (P = 0.777 and P = 1.0, respectively). Regarding ERβ polymorphisms, no statistical difference was observed between the AluI polymorphism and NOA group compared to controls (P = 1.0) or between SO group and controls (P = 0.423). We found similar results with the RsaI polymorphism. Statistical analysis did not reveal a difference between NOA (P = 0.740) and SO (P = 0.920) groups compared to controls. Combined genotypes of ERα and ERβ polymorphisms did not identify a haplotype associated with idiopathic infertility. Thus, in the Brazilian population, genetic variations in both estrogen receptors alpha (PvuII and XbaI) and beta (AluI and RsaI) were not relevant to idiopathic infertility. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:665–672, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Presence of cleaved caspase 3 in swine embryos of different developmental capacities produced by parthenogenetic activation
Authors: Coutinho Ana Rita S. , Assumpção Mayra E.O. , Bordignon Vilceu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study assessed the presence of cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) during the in vitro development of swine embryos produced by parthenogenetic activation (PA). Embryos with high and low capacity to develop into blastocysts and the exposure to a caspase inhibitor (z‐DEVD‐fmk) were used to investigate the effect of CC3 on embryo development. The blastocyst rate (64.3% vs. 16.4%) and the average number of nuclei per blastocyst (39.7 vs. 19.8) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in early‐ (before 24 hr) compared to late‐ (between 24 and 48 hr) cleaving embryos after PA. CC3 was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of Day‐2 and ‐4 embryos, but was primarily localized in the nucleus of Day‐5 and ‐6 embryos. The fluorescence signal for CC3 relative to negative controls was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in early‐ (2.42‐fold) compared to late‐cleaving (1.39‐fold) embryos at Day 2 of culture. Treatment with z‐DEVD‐fmk during the first 24 or 48 hr of the culture period resulted in more embryos developing into blastocysts compared to the control group (55.8% and 55.1% vs. 37%, respectively;P < 0.05). This study confirmed the presence of CC3 in PA embryos from the two‐cell to the blastocyst stage, and revealed that CC3 cellular‐localization changed during embryo development. CC3 was shown to be more abundant in early‐cleaving and more developmentally competent embryos compared to late‐cleaving and less developmentally competent embryos. The inhibition of caspase activity at the beginning, but not at the end, of the culture period affected development of PA embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:673–683, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PMSW: a passive monitoring system in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Xu Xianghua , Wan Jian , Zhang Wei , Tong Chao , Wu Changhua 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNetwork passive monitoring is an important method in debugging and analyzing wireless sensor networks. The passive monitoring method for wireless sensor networks (WSN) has the following problems: monitoring traces are incomplete and contain only limited information because some packets may be misheard; how to infer implicit information about network protocol behavior and how to detect network events from incomplete traces are challenging issues in passive monitoring system. To resolve the above issues, we propose the use of time tuning in trace merging and a finite state machine for inferring missing packets, implicit information and network event detection. (1) In order to enhance the integrity of traces, we propose clock‐adjusting strategies including clock fine‐tuning and clock self‐adjustment to solve clock drifting in trace merging. (2) For inference of missing packets and implicit information, we devise and implement a finite state machine to infer missing packets and packet receiving state for multi‐hop network protocols. (3) For network event detection, we propose an XML‐based description of event rule and network event visualization methods. These methods are implemented in PMSW (passive monitoring system for WSN). We verify the accuracy of merging and inference modules with monitoring traces in the Collect Tree Protocol sensor network. Experiments show that the finite state machine can infer 40–60% of missing packets and more than 90% of the receiving state of data packets, when the trace has more than 50% of the data packets captured in the network. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A random obstacle‐based mobility model for delay‐tolerant networking
Authors: Wu Di , Li Juanjuan , Liu Jiangchuan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWhen evaluating a new protocol in the network, it is important to use a realistic mobility model to reflect the actual performance of a mobile system. Only the realistic mobility model can better mimic the reality and get more reliable data. However, most existing mobile models of delay‐tolerant networking (DTN) move randomly or on the road according to some rules under the environment without obstacles. These mobile models, without considering the impact of obstacles on the node, do not accord with the fact. To address this problem, we propose a random obstacle‐based mobility model (ROM) aimed at better simulating the real trajectory of a human for DTN in the presence of obstacles. In this model, we can place arbitrary‐shape obstacles in accordance with any actual scene, as well as considering the influence of obstacles on the signal. The mobile path of a node calculated by this node is the shortest path to the destination avoiding certain types of obstacles. In addition, the propagation model contains the attenuation of the signal due to the existence of obstacles. As a result, we have developed a complete obstacle mobility model which is more suitable for studying the performance of the network. We augment the ‘opportunistic network environment’ (ONE) simulator of DTN with required extensions and show that characteristics of the DTN are very different using the new model than it is under models that ONE currently provides. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reference output tracking control for a flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle via output feedback
Authors: Li Hongyi , Wu Ligang , Gao Huijun , Hu Xiaoxiang , Si Yulin 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the problem of reference output tracking control for the longitudinal model of a flexible air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV) by utilizing the output feedback control approach. The dynamic characteristics of the FAHV along with the aerodynamic effects of hypersonic flight make the flight control of such systems highly challenging. Moreover, there exist some intricate couplings between the engine and flight dynamics as well as complex interaction between rigid and flexible modes in the longitudinal model. These couplings bring difficulty to the flight control design for the intractable hypersonic vehicle systems. This paper deals with the problem of reference output tracking control for the longitudinal model of the FAHV. By utilizing the trim condition information including the state of altitude, velocity, angle of attack, pitch angle, pitch rate and so on, the linearized model is established for the control design objective. Then, the reference output velocity and altitude tracking control design problem is proposed for the linearized model. The flexible models of the FAHV system are hardly measured because of the complex dynamics and the strong couplings of the FAHV. Thus, by using only limited flexible model information, the reference output tracking performance analysis criteria are obtained via Lyapunov stability theory. Then, based on linear matrix inequality optimization algorithm, the static output feedback controller is designed to stabilize the closed‐loop systems, guarantee a certain bound for the closed‐loop value of the cost function, and can make the control output achieve the reference velocity and altitude tracking performance. Subsequently, the condition of dynamic output feedback controller synthesis is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities and a numerical algorithm is developed to search for a desired dynamic output feedback controller which minimizes the cost bound and obtains the excellent reference altitude and velocity tracking performance simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed reference output tracking control method is demonstrated in simulation part. Furthermore, the superior reference velocity and altitude performance commands could be achieved via using static and dynamic output feedback controllers under lacking some unmeasured flexible states information in the measurement output vector. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gain‐of‐function mutant p53 but not p53 deletion promotes head and neck cancer progression in response to oncogenic K‐ras
Authors: Acin Sergio , Li Zhongyou , Mejia Olga , Roop Dennis R , El‐Naggar Adel K , Caulin Carlos 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMutations in p53 occur in over 50% of the human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCHN). The majority of these mutations result in the expression of mutant forms of p53, rather than deletions in the p53 gene. Some p53 mutants are associated with poor prognosis in SCCHN patients. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine the poor outcome of cancers carrying p53 mutations are unknown. Here, we generated a mouse model for SCCHN and found that activation of the endogenous p53 gain‐of‐function mutation p53$^{\rm{R172H}}$, but not deletion of p53, cooperates with oncogenic K‐ras during SCCHN initiation, accelerates oral tumour growth, and promotes progression to carcinoma. Mechanistically, expression profiling of the tumours that developed in these mice and studies using cell lines derived from these tumours determined that mutant p53 induces the expression of genes involved in mitosis, including cyclin B1 and cyclin A, and accelerates entry in mitosis. Additionally, we discovered that this oncogenic function of mutant p53 was dependent on K‐ras because the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin A decreased, and entry in mitosis was delayed, after suppressing K‐ras expression in oral tumour cells that express p53$^{\rm{R172H}}$. The presence of double‐strand breaks in the tumours suggests that oncogene‐dependent DNA damage resulting from K‐ras activation promotes the oncogenic function of mutant p53. Accordingly, DNA damage induced by doxorubicin also induced increased expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin A in cells that express p53$^{\rm{R172H}}$. These findings represent strong in vivo evidence for an oncogenic function of endogenous p53 gain‐of‐function mutations in SCCHN and provide a mechanistic explanation for the genetic interaction between oncogenic K‐ras and mutant p53. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Most Frequently Encountered Volatile Contaminants of Essential Oils and Plant Extracts Introduced During the Isolation Procedure: Fast and Easy Profiling
Authors: Radulović Niko S. , Blagojević Polina D. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionUnfortunately, contaminants of synthetic/artificial origin are sometimes identified as major constituents of essential oils or plant extracts and considered to be biologically active native plant metabolites.ObjectiveTo explore the possibility of early recognition and to create a list of some of the most common semi‐volatile contaminants of essential oils and plant extracts.MethodologyDetailed GC and GC‐MS analyses of the evaporation residues of six commercially available diethyl ethers and of a plastic bag hydrodistillate were performed. Average mass scans of the total ion chromatogram profiles of the analysed samples were performed.ResultsAlmost 200 different compounds, subdivided into two groups, were identified in the analysed samples: (i) compounds that could be only of a synthetic/artificial origin, such as butylated hydroxytoluene and o‐phthalic acid esters, i.e. requiring exclusion from the list of identified plant constituents; (ii) compounds possibly of synthetic and/or natural plant origin, i.e. compounds derived from the fatty acid metabolism or products of anaerobic intracellular/microbial fermentation. Average mass scans of the total ion chromatogram profiles provide meaningful and convenient information on uncovering important solvent‐derived contamination.ConclusionA database of the most common semi‐volatile contaminants of essential oils and plant extracts has been generated that provides information on the likelihood of rejection or acceptance of contaminants as possible plant constituents. The suggested average mass scan approach enables fast and easy profiling of solvents, allowing even inexperienced researchers to pinpoint contaminants. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparative Isolation, Fast Centrifugal Partition Chromatography Purification and Biological Activity of Cajaflavanone from Derris ferruginea Stems
Authors: Morel Sylvie , Landreau Anne , Nguyen Van Hung , Derbré Séverine , Grellier Philippe , Le Pape Patrice , Pagniez Fabrice , Litaudon Marc , Richomme Pascal 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Derris genus is known to contain flavonoid derivatives, including prenylated flavanones and isoflavonoids such as rotenoids, which are generally associated with significant biological activity.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient preparative isolation procedure for bioactive cajaflavanone.MethodologyFast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) was optimised to purify cajaflavanone from Derris ferruginea stems in a single step as compared to fractionation from the cyclohexane extract by successive conventional solid–liquid chromatography procedures. The purification yield, purity, time and solvent consumption per procedure are described. The anti‐fungal, anti‐bacterial, anti‐leishmanial, anti‐plasmodial, anti‐oxidant activities and the inhibition of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) by cajaflavanone accumulation are described.ResultsFCPC enabled cajaflavanone purification in a single separation step, yielding sufficient quantities to perform in vitro biological screening. Interestingly, cajaflavanone had an inhibitory effect on the formation of AGEs, without displaying any in vitro anti‐oxidant activity.ConclusionA simple and efficient procedure, in comparison with other preparative methods, for bioactive cajaflavone purification has been developed using FCPC. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.