bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global warming impact of fluorinated gases in ophthalmic surgeries at a tertiary eye center in India
Authors: Nadig Ramya R , Deepak B , Neelamegam Vidya , Moussa George , Raman Rajiv 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Global warming is one of the greatest health threats of the 21st century. The ophthalmic sector contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases, thus altering the natural environment. There is currently no data on global emissions of fluorinated gases in ophthalmic surgery. This retrospective study from 2017 to 2021 aims to report the carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalence of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), hexafluoroethane (C2F6), and octafluoropropane (C3F8) at a tertiary eye center.

Methods:
Data collected from 1842 surgical procedures that used injections of fluorinated gases were analyzed. Environmental impact (global warming potential over 100 years) was calculated by converting milliliters to grams by using modified ideal gas law at standard temperature and pressure for the canisters and then to their CO2 equivalence.

Results:
Though 70% of surgeries used C3F8, the least greenhouse effect causing fluorinated gas, the total carbon emission was 1.4 metric tons. The most common indication was macular hole surgery (36.86%).

Conclusion:
This study paves a step toward analyzing the problem statement, thus awakening us to contemplate options to make ophthalmic surgeries greener.
Yoked prisms and cerebral visual impairment: Enhancing the experience of ambient vision
Authors: Bhaskaran Sahithya , Pandurangan Sneha , Perumalsamy Vijayalakshmi , Floor Jeyaseeli 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Perceptual visual impairment leads to impaired functional vision in children with cerebral visual impairment. Yoked prisms have been used in behavioral vision therapy for children with autism (dysfunctional dorsal visual processing pathway) and in neurorehabilitation to treat visual neglect, hemianopia, and abnormal egocentric localization. In particular, they are employed for treating perceptual visual problems.

Purpose:
To share our experience in implementing yoked prisms and their impact on the rehabilitation of children with cerebral visual impairment-related perceptual vision disorders.

Synopsis:
The first child with periventricular leukomalacia exhibits no eagerness to explore her new environment along with poor grasp. With 4-PD base-down prisms, she explores her surroundings and appreciates her lateral supports. Her grasp improved as well. The second child with cerebral visual impairment exhibits difficulty in climbing downstairs with poor obstacle negotiation. This could be due to impaired inferior field awareness or optic ataxia. With 4-PD base-down prisms, the field shift toward the apex helps him to climb downstairs without difficulty with an improved obstacle negotiation. The third child prefers a closer look at the object of interest along with poor hand–eye coordination. We employed 4-PD base-down prisms in her rehabilitation session. She showed good improvement in her hand–eye coordination.

Highlights:
Poor hand–eye coordination, difficulty climbing downstairs, optic ataxia, impaired field awareness, and triggering spontaneous exploration in children with perceptual visual problems can be effectively tackled by the simple incorporation of yoked prisms.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/BW3cwiGDTLY
Comparison of Clinical Profile and Current Status of the Treatment Nonadherent Persons with Mental Illness: A Study from a Rural Community Mental Health Center in India
Authors: Sriramalu Sudhir Babu , Elangovan Aravind Raj , Isaac Mohan K. , Kalyanasundaram Janaki Raman 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Treatment nonadherence comprises a combination of individual, family, social, treatment center, and illness-related factors. In this context, the present study aims to compare the clinical profile and the current status of persons with mental illness who have discontinued their treatment at a rural community mental health center (RCMHC) in India.

Materials and Methods:
The persons who discontinued treatment with a diagnosis category of severe mental disorders (SMDs), common mental disorders (CMDs), and substance use disorders (SUDs) who sought treatment at RCMHC are the study population. The present study has followed a comparative research design that compares the clinical profiles of SMDs, CMDs, and SUDs. A survey method of sampling was adopted. A semi-structured interview schedule, clinical global impression (CGI), and errors in drug adherence schedule were used as measures in the study. A home visit approach, telephone contacts, and collateral information were followed to collect the data.

Results:
Out of the 80 respondents, only 16 (20.0%) reported improvement, and the remaining 16 (20.0%) are receiving treatment from various facilities. The rest of the 48 (60.0%) subjects were not on treatment despite being ill. The number of respondents who did not take their medication even for a day was 10 (12.5%), and another 34 (42.5%) subjects completely stopped their medication within a month. CGI-improvement highlights that nearly 47 (58.7%) respondents had shown much and very much improvement while they were on treatment. The CGI-severity of illness rating scale revealed that 54 (67.5%), i.e., nearly 2/3 of the respondents, were currently in the mild-to-extreme mentally ill category.

Conclusion:
Comprehensive psychosocial and community-based approaches will enhance treatment adherence in mental illness.
Mental Health and Sociodemographic Correlates of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Vispute Yashashri , Sinha Deoraj , Pawar Ami , Mane Astik , Jaiswal Suyog Vijay 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Child sexual abuse (CSA) has long-term deleterious effects on mental health. The prevalence of CSA is more in females than males. A lifetime diagnosis of anxiety, depression, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sleep disorders, and suicide attempts has been associated with a history of sexual abuse. Few studies have focused on the role of temperament and the relationship between psychiatric morbidity and sociodemographic variables.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the relationship between psychiatric morbidity and sociodemographic variables in cases of CSA.

Methodology:
After ethical approval, 168 consecutive survivors of an alleged history of child sexual assault brought by the police were enrolled after informed consent from legal guardians and assent from survivors. A specially designed semi-structured pro forma was used to collect data. Psychiatric morbidity was diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Scales assessing temperament, perceived social support and global functioning, were used.

Results:
Seventy-seven percent of survivors in this study had psychiatric morbidity. Adjustment problems were more in children with slow-to-warm temperament. A positive family history of mental illness was significant in major depressive disorder (MDD) but not in PTSD. Those with a history of being assaulted multiple times (36 out of 42) had a higher chance of developing MDD.

Conclusion:
This study highlights that the adjustment problems were more in children with slow-to-warm temperament, highlighting the need for targeted and timely intervention in this subgroup of CSA survivors. This study shows an association between childhood environmental adverse event and development of psychiatric morbidity.
“I Don’t Mind Them Drinking, as Long as…”: A Cross-sectional Study to Identify Codependence among Primary Caregivers of Patients with Alcohol Dependence in Urban India
Authors: Subramanyam M. , Appaya M. Prakash , Samudyatha U. C. , Preeti S. , Gowda Mahesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Codependence is a form of relationship addiction, described as a “disease of lost selfhood.” Codependence among primary caregivers adversely impacts treatment outcomes in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) patients. Personality traits of the caregiver may also influence codependency and its severity. However, in routine clinical practice, codependence among primary caregivers of alcoholic patients is not assessed and addressed. This study aimed to identify codependence among caregivers of ADS patients and determine its association with personality traits in various subgroups.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in a private mental health establishment in urban Karnataka, India, among 125 adult primary caregivers of ADS patients who were spending at least 4 h daily with the patient for more than a year. Spann-Fischer codependence scale and Big Five personality inventory were used to assess codependence and personality domains, respectively. Codependence scores were correlated with Big Five personality scores and examined in various subgroups.

Results:
Among 125 study participants, 103 (82.4%) were female and 81 (64.8%) were spouse of ADS patients. Moderate and high codependency was found in 86 (68.8%) and 38 (30.4%) participants, respectively. Codependence was found to be significantly higher among females (64.5 ± 7.7) than males (57.6 ± 10.9), (t = −2.8, df = 25.6, P = 0.000), independent of the type of relationship with the patient. There was a significant positive correlation with neuroticism personality trait. Sociocultural and economic conditions of the caregiver also contributed to codependence.

Conclusions:
The study identified the presence of moderate-to-severe codependence, especially among female caregivers of ADS patients. This emphasizes the need for a protocol to assess codependency and personality traits among caregivers of ADS patients to improve treatment outcomes in urban Indian settings.
Comparative Study of Stigma and Its Correlates in Caregivers and Patients of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder
Authors: Jamal Sahil , Gupta Bandna , Nischal Anil , Tripathi Adarsh 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
Stigma is very common among patients and caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders; however, there is a lack of comparative study data between schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in the Indian setting.

Methods:
For this, caregivers of patients with schizophrenia (n = 50) or bipolar affective disorder (n = 50) were assessed on the Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS). Patients with schizophrenia (n = 50) or bipolar affective disorder (n = 50) were assessed on the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS).

Results:
Patients and caregivers of patients with schizophrenia have significantly higher mean scores on ISMIS and ASS, respectively, as compared to patients and caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers experience higher stigma than the caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder. Higher stigma is associated with higher psychological morbidity in the patients and caregivers. Therefore, clinicians managing patients with severe mental disorders must focus on stigma and psychological distress among the patients and caregivers and plan intervention strategies to reduce stigma.
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity pattern by line immunoassay in a hospital from eastern India: Update from a laboratory perspective
Authors: Banerjee Ayan , Ranjan Alok , Kumar Mukunda , Kumar Sushil , Bansal Akash , Mahto Mala 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
The existence of more than one antibody in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) or connective tissue disease (CTD) along with features of more than one autoimmune disease (AD) in an individual is suggestive of overlap syndrome (OS). Line immunoassay (LIA) can target many autoantibodies in a single approach, thus making the identification of OS feasible.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to identify the pattern of distribution of antinuclear antibodies by LIA prevalent in a hospital population in eastern India and identify common forms of SARD in this belt based on laboratory findings.

Material and Methods:
A total of 1660 samples received for ANA profile testing by LIA were analysed.

Statistical Analysis:
Factor analysis was performed with factor loading scores used in the k-means algorithm to identify clustering of various autoantibodies.

Results:
U1-snRNP positivity was the highest at 16.69%, and the least frequent autoantibody noted was anti-Jo-1 at 0.71% positivity. Based on the outcome of factor analysis, three clusters were determined. Cluster 1 showed a predominance of anti-PM/Scl antibodies, cluster 2 showed a predominance of anti-dsDNA, anti-histone, anti-SmD1, anti-nucleosomes, anti-PCNA, anti-Po, anti-SSA/Ro52, anti-SSA-Ro60, anti-SSB/La, anti-Scl-70, anti-Mi-2, anti-Ku and anti-AMA-M2, and cluster 3 showed a predominance of anti-U1-snRNP.

Conclusions:
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and overlap syndrome (OS) are prevalent more than pure form of an AD in our study population. OS may be missed out by monospecific immunoassays and hence adds to diagnostic challenges. LIA may be more useful in identifying specific autoantibodies by a single approach rather than monospecific immunoassays in populations after a positive screen by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF).
Dermatological Manifestation of SLE Patients, Living in Aseer Region
Authors: Alhammadi Nouf A. , Alqahtani Hanan , Al Hamdan Shahd Abdulhakeem , Al Hamdan Jood Abdulhakeem , Hadhir Alalyani Reem Thalib , Asiri Sara Ali Ahmed , Alqahtani Roaa Saad , Aljari Adhwaa Ahmed M. , Asiri Ghufran Badr Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects both men and women differently and has a variety of multisystemic symptoms. One of the diseases most often affected target organs is the skin. Different ethnic and racial groupings may display variations in disease incidence, clinical heterogeneity, and severity depending on environmental, cultural, or genetic factors. This study is conducted to determine the prevalence of SLE’s cutaneous symptoms and their relationship to organ involvement.

Materials and Methods:
Data were gathered for this study from the patient chart, the study design was the retrospective chart review after the consent of the patients and obtaining an ethical approval, The study was carried out in Aseer Central Hospital, Abha Saudi Arabia

Results:
Out of a total of 100 patients 92% were females while 8% were males. The mean (SD) of the age of the respondent was 38.3 (8.5). 89.2 of the respondents had skin manifestations

Conclusion:
A thorough understanding of SLE skin lesions will aid in the accurate identification of the condition and in the effective therapy of lupus patients. In order to more accurately diagnose cutaneous lesions in SLE patients, we need more dermatology and rheumatology clinics that combine expertise together.
Point prevalence of metabolic syndrome in HIV positive patients
Authors: Hamid Shazia , Badyal Ashima , Sumberia Vishali 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related morbidity and mortality have declined over time, but this increased longevity may lead to the development of other diseases, which may further manifest as the metabolic syndrome (MS).

Method:
To find out the point prevalence of MS in HIV positive patients, a cross-sectional prospective observational study was conducted on 200 patients who approached ART plus Centre of Government Medical College and Hospital Jammu, including 50 symptomatic patients HIV negative as controls.

Results:
The mean age group in MS was 37.85 ± 6.61. Males consisted of 55% (110) and females consisted of 45% (90). The overall prevalence of MS was 13.5%, with prevalence in males being 16.3% and in females 10%. Patients receiving first line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) showed a 24% prevalence, while that of second line HAART showed a 14% prevalence. Central obesity (47.3%) was the most common component of MS followed by hyperglycemia (43.3%), hypertriglyceridemia (38.6%), and low high density cholesterol (HDL-C) level (38.6%). Out of 84 males with MS, 94% (79) males were having hypertriglyceridemia, 88% (74) were hypertensive, and 72% (60) were having FBS >=100. Out of 66 females with MS, 100% (66) females had central obesity and 88% (58) had hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C levels.

Conclusion:
The metabolic complications as a result of treatment with HAART leave HIV patients at a risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes in spite of improvements in morbidity and mortality. Risk factors like central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia should be taken into consideration well before to prevent the add-on effect of developing MS.
Risk factors and clinical presentation of rhino-orbital mucormycosis: Lesson learnt during Covid pandemic
Authors: Kusumesh Rakhi , Singh Vivek , Sinha Shivani , Ali Mobashir S. , Mishra Sarita K. , Ambasta Anita , Prakash Ved , Sinha Pravek , Sinha Bibhuti P. , Priyadarshi Rajeev N. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To analyze the potential predisposing factors and clinical presentation of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19.

Material and Methods:
Medical records of 141 patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) treated at a tertiary care center in Bihar were reviewed. The predisposing factors, clinical features, and imaging findings of mucormycosis were analyzed.

Results:
The median age was 48 years (IQR, 43-60). A total of 58 patients developed concurrent CAM and 83 post-CAM. The median interval between COVID-19 and onset of CAM symptoms was 15 days (IQR, 9–16). A total of 80 patients received at-home treatment for COVID-19, and 73 had mild-to-moderate disease. While 61 patients received in-hospital treatment, 57 had severe disease. At presentation, 131 patients had hyperglycemia: 64 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 67 new-onset DM. The history of glucocorticoid use for COVID-19 was present in 125 patients; 47% were administered at home without monitoring plasma glucose. The common presenting features were toothache, periocular or facial pain, and edema. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis was the most common. Imaging revealed rhinosinusitis in all patients, including pansinusitis (68%), pterygopalatine fossa involvement (21%), cavernous sinus thrombosis (38%), brain abscess (8%), and infarct (4%). All patients received intravenous liposomal amphotericin B, and surgical debridement was performed in 113.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 patients with hyperglycemia are at risk of developing CAM, irrespective of the severity. Timely recognition of symptoms and prompt initiation of therapy by primary healthcare physicians are imperative for enhancing outcomes. Additionally, glucocorticoid overuse should be avoided, and close monitoring for hyperglycemia development is warranted.
Oral health assessment and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare and private hostels – A comparative study
Authors: Ojha Soumya , Bhargava Ananya , Bhargava Apoorva , Singh Swapnil , Yadav Siddhi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Oral health is an integral part of general health. Providing oral health care facilities and creating awareness about the oral health problem in under-served children and communities may lead to a better oral-health-related quality of life of the individual. The present study aims to assess and compare the oral health status and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare hostels and other private hostels of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:
The present descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of a total sample size of 800 children, 400 in each group (tribal welfare hostel and private hostel groups). Oral health status and treatment needs were assessed using World Health Organization proforma 1997. Oral health behavior including health of teeth and gums, oral hygiene aids, brushing frequency, consumption of sweets in between meals, and present general and oral health was assessed. Utilization of dental services was also assessed using a pre-designed questionnaire, which was completed by the study participants.

Results:
Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test. Significant differences were noted between the groups in regarding oral health behaviors and visit to a dentist during the past 12 months (P = 0.002*), which were lower in tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children (P = 0.043*). Decay in permanent teeth (P = 0.006*) and missing of permanent teeth (P = 0.05*) were higher among tribal children.

Conclusion:
The present study revealed a poor oral health status and treatment needs of tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children. Decay in permanent teeth and missing of permanent teeth were higher among tribal children. Oral health behaviors and utilization of dental services were lower in tribal children. Good oral health has a definitive influence on general health and thus contributes to self-image and social interaction.
Influence of social media on psychological health of youth during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Balpande Leena S. , Pusdekar Yamini V. , Bhagat Sayali S. , Patil Purva D. , Saoji Ajeet V. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Medical undergraduates, being away from their institutes due to the lockdown, are at a greater risk of being affected by the negative news, which may easily instill fear and panic among them. Therefore, the present study was planned with the objective to study the effects of media exposure on the psychological health of undergraduate medical students at a tertiary health institute.

Aim:
To assess the psychological effects of social media/media use and coping mechanisms adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Settings and Design:
Tertiary care teaching Institute and Cross-sectional study.

Material and Methods:
It is a cross-sectional observational study performed among (under graduate) UG students, which was assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire including the pre-validated DASS-21 scale.

Statistical Analysis:
Data collected was entered in MS Excel. Descriptive statistics and correlation of the study variables were analyzed while controlling for demographics using Epi-info software version 7.2.2.

Results:
It was observed that around one-fifth of the participants have moderate depression, followed by mild 10.97%; one-fifth of the participants have moderate levels of anxiety 20.41% followed by extremely severe anxiety 13.27% and about two-thirds of the study participants having no stress 64.29% followed by mild stress 14.80% and moderate stress 9.69%.

Conclusion:
There was a significant psychological impact of the use of social media among young populations, particularly anxiety, stress, and depression with exposure to negative news and reports on social media platforms.