bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Departure behaviour of juvenile southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) from southern Western Australia temperate waters in relation to the Leeuwin Current
Authors: FUJIOKA KO , HOBDAY ALISTAIR J. , KAWABE RYO , MIYASHITA KAZUSHI , TAKAO YOSHIMI , SAKAI OSAMU , ITOH TOMOYUKI 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe arrival of the warm tropical Leeuwin Current (LC) into southern Western Australia (SWA) may influence the movement timing and foraging habitat of juvenile southern bluefin tuna (SBT). Seasonal and interannual changes in the strength of the LC lead to thermal differences and potential changes in food availability between tropical and temperate waters in SWA. This phenomenon could influence the habitat utilization of SBT in these summer grounds. Movement characteristics determined from SBT tagged with acoustic transmitters (N = 244) using cross‐shelf lines of automated receivers for three summer‐autumn seasons (2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2006/2007) in SWA revealed interannual variability. Each year, the eastward movements of tagged fish increased as temperatures increased, and fish left the region when temperatures exceeded 20.0°C, a temperature indicative of the leading edge of the LC in SWA waters. Interannual fluctuations in the timing of movements were detected. When the LC was narrow and restricted to the shelf edge in 2004/2005, the distribution of SBT in shelf waters did not change before or after LC intrusion. In contrast, long distance eastward movements frequently occurred when the LC intrusion was spread wide over the continental shelf in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. This suggests that, off SWA, juvenile SBT move quickly out of local foraging habitats defined by cool sub‐tropical temperate waters ahead of the tropical LC intrusion, despite these waters not being physiologically limiting. These results suggest that the behavioural response of SBT may be related to changes in prey availability as a result of changes in oceanographic conditions.
Coupling hydrodynamic and individual‐based models to simulate long‐term larval supply to coastal nursery areas
Authors: ROCHETTE SEBASTIEN , HURET MARTIN , RIVOT ETIENNE , LE PAPE OLIVIER 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFor many marine fish species, recruitment is strongly related to larval survival and dispersal to nursery areas. Simulating larval drift should help assessing the sensitivity of recruitment variability to early life history. An individual‐based model (IBM) coupled to a hydrodynamic model was used to simulate common sole larval supply from spawning areas to coastal and estuarine nursery grounds at the population scale in the eastern Channel on a 14‐yr time series, from 1991 to 2004. The IBM allowed each particle released to be transported by currents from the hydrodynamic model, to grow with temperature, to migrate vertically giving stage development, and possibly to die according to drift duration, representing the life history from spawning to metamorphosis. Despite sensitivity to the larval mortality rate, the model provided realistic simulations of cohort decline and spatio‐temporal variability of larval supply. The model outputs were analysed to explore the effects of hydrodynamics and life history on the interannual variability of settled sole larvae in coastal nurseries. Different hypotheses of the spawning spatial distribution were also tested, comparing homogeneous egg distribution to observation and potential larval survival (PLS) maps. The sensitivity analyses demonstrated that larval supply is more sensitive to the life history along larval drift than to the phenology and volume of spawning, providing explanations for the lack of significant stock–recruitment relationship. Nevertheless, larval supply is sensitive to spawning distribution. Results also suggested a very low connectivity between supposed different sub‐populations in the eastern Channel.
Model‐based assessment of local‐scale fish larval connectivity in a network of marine protected areas
Authors: BASTERRETXEA GOTZON , JORDI ANTONI , CATALÁN IGNACIO A. , SABATÉS ANA 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe assessed by numerical modeling the coastal fish larval dispersion along the southern coast of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, NW Mediterranean) with the objective of determining the factors that contribute to successful recruitment. We assumed that fish larvae dispersal is mainly regulated by physical transport. Currents are mainly wind driven in this area; therefore, changes in wind forcing have a first‐order impact on larval transport. The synoptic wind patterns were systematically analyzed based on self‐organizing map analysis. The wind fields were clustered using a neural network pattern recognition approach into two modes, producing opposite along‐shelf flow. The seasonal changes between spring and summer in the dominance of either mode modulate the along‐shelf circulation, producing flow shifts under some circumstances. This variability in the wind regime was consistent throughout the 10 years analyzed (2000–2009). Using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) and a particle‐tracking algorithm, we analyzed the effect of wind‐forced currents in the connectivity among near‐shore habitats. We show that, at the spatial scale considered, the coastal morphology and stochastic wind forcing favor local recruitment (mean of 30% self‐recruitment). Maximum transport distances of 20–30 km were typically associated with particles left to drift for 21 days. The implications for the performance of the four marine protected areas near SW Mallorca Island are discussed. Our results suggest that, although wind episodes determine the fate of short‐time spawning events, on a seasonal basis, regular larval supply to coastal zones is ensured by wind stochasticity.
Noncalcifying larvae in a changing ocean: warming, not acidification/hypercapnia, is the dominant stressor on development of the sea star Meridiastra calcar
Authors: Nguyen Hong D. , Doo Steve S. , Soars Natalie A. , Byrne Maria 
Published: April 2012

AbstractClimate change driven ocean warming and acidification is potentially detrimental to the sensitive planktonic life stages of benthic marine invertebrates. Research has focused on the effects of acidification on calcifying larvae with a paucity of data on species with alternate developmental strategies and on the interactive effects of warming and acidification. To determine the impact of climate change on a conspicuous component of the intertidal fauna of southeast Australia, the development of the noncalcifying lecithotrophic larvae of the sea star Meridiastra calcar was investigated in the setting of predicted ocean warming (+2 to 4 °C) and acidification (−0.4 to 0.6 pH units) for 2100 and beyond in all combinations of stressors. Temperature and pH were monitored in the habitat of M. calcar to place experiments in context with current environmental conditions. There was no effect of temperature or pH on cleavage stage embryos but later development (gastrula‐larvae) was negatively effected by a +2 to 4 °C warming and there was a negative effect of −0.6 pH units on embryos reaching the hatched gastrula stage. Mortality and abnormal development in larvae increased significantly even with +2 °C warming and larval growth was impaired at +4 °C. For the range of temperature and pH conditions tested, there were no interactive effects of stressors across all stages monitored. For M. calcar, warming not acidification was the dominant stressor. A regression model incorporating data from this study and projected increasing SST for the region suggests an increase in larval mortality to 70% for M. calcar by 2100 in the absence of acclimation and adaptation. The broad distribution of this species in eastern Australia encompassing subtropical to cold temperate thermal regimes provides the possibility that local M. calcar populations may be sustained in a warming world through poleward migration of thermotolerant propagules, facilitated by the strong southward flow of the East Australian Current.
Comparison of visual and automated assessment of HER2 status and their impact on outcome in primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer
Authors: Mohammed Zahra M A , Going James J , McMillan Donald C , Orange Clare , Mallon Elizabeth , Doughty Julie C , Edwards Joanne 
Published: April 2012

Mohammed Z M A, Going J J, McMillan D C, Orange C, Mallon E, Doughty J C & Edwards J  (2012) Histopathology 61, 675–684Comparison of visual and automated assessment of HER2 status and their impact on outcome in primary operable invasive ductal breast cancerAims:  To compare visual and computerized image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) with fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2 status, and to examine the relationships with outcome in patients with primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer.Methods and results:  Tissue microarrays for 431 breast cancer patients were used to compare different approaches to the assessment of HER2 status. The cores were scored visually and with the Slidepath Tissue IA system, using the NICE‐approved scoring system for the HercepTest, as well as by FISH. The agreement between visual and image analysis of HER2 IHC was excellent [interclass correlation coefficient (ICCC) = 0.95, rs = 0.90, r = 0.91, k = 0.81, and P < 0.001]. The agreement of HER2 FISH with visual and image analysis of HER2 IHC was also excellent (ICCC = 0.95 and ICCC = 0.92, respectively). Univariate survival analysis showed equivalent associations of visual and image analysis of HER2 and HER2 FISH with both recurrence‐free survival (all P < 0.01) and cancer‐specific survival (all P < 0.05) in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer.Conclusions:  Computerized image analysis of HER2 IHC gives results comparable to those obtained with visual assessment, with possible advantages in diagnostic pathology.
Primary cardiac sarcomas may develop from resident or bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells: use of immunohistochemistry including CD44 and octamer binding protein 3/4
Authors: Hegyi Laszlo , Thway Khin , Fisher Cyril , Sheppard Mary N 
Published: April 2012

Hegyi L, Thway K, Fisher C & Sheppard M N  (2012) Histopathology 61, 966–973Primary cardiac sarcomas may develop from resident or bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells: use of immunohistochemistry including CD44 and octamer binding protein 3/4Aims:  To provide evidence that cardiac sarcomas ‘not otherwise specified’ express markers that might indicate their cellular origin or identify any lines of differentiation.Methods and results:  We reviewed all 11 cases of primary undifferentiated cardiac sarcomas found in the archives of the Royal Marsden and Royal Brompton Hospitals, London, UK during the period 2000–2009. Five cases with appropriate consent and archived material were investigated using immunohistochemistry. We found that the spindle, pleomorphic or occasionally epithelioid cell sarcomas showed no lineage‐specific differentiation other than partial myofibroblastic or ‘myoid’ differentiation (all cases). All tumours showed some degree of cytoplasmic positivity for the mesenchymal stem cell marker CD44. In contrast, no nuclear octamer binding protein 3/4 (Oct3/4) expression was seen in any of the tumours, although very patchy cytoplasmic positivity was seen in some tumours.Conclusions:  The cytoplasmic positivity for CD44 and the absence of nuclear Oct3/4 suggest that the cells of these sarcomas may represent ‘daughter’ stem cells that no longer have the capacity for tumour initiation, but have subsequently developed new lines of partial differentiation. Primary cardiac sarcomas may arise from mesenchymal stem cells with the ability to generate tumours with multilineage differentiation.
Estimating the prevalence of infections in vector populations using pools of samples
Authors: SPEYBROECK N. , WILLIAMS C. J. , LAFIA K. B. , DEVLEESSCHAUWER B. , BERKVENS D. 
Published: April 2012

Several statistical methods have been proposed for estimating the infection prevalence based on pooled samples, but these methods generally presume the application of perfect diagnostic tests, which in practice do not exist. To optimize prevalence estimation based on pooled samples, currently available and new statistical models were described and compared. Three groups were tested: (a) Frequentist models, (b) Monte Carlo Markov‐Chain (MCMC) Bayesian models, and (c) Exact Bayesian Computation (EBC) models. Simulated data allowed the comparison of the models, including testing the performance under complex situations such as imperfect tests with a sensitivity varying according to the pool weight. In addition, all models were applied to data derived from the literature, to demonstrate the influence of the model on real‐prevalence estimates. All models were implemented in the freely available R and OpenBUGS software and are presented in Appendix S1.Bayesian models can flexibly take into account the imperfect sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test (as well as the influence of pool‐related or external variables) and are therefore the method of choice for calculating population prevalence based on pooled samples. However, when using such complex models, very precise information on test characteristics is needed, which may in general not be available.
Cactin is essential for G1 progression in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Szatanek Tomasz , Anderson‐White Brooke R. , Faugno‐Fusci David M. , White Michael , Saeij Jeroen P. J. , Gubbels Marc‐Jan 
Published: April 2012

SummaryToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite whose rapid lytic replication cycles define its pathogenicity. We identified a temperature‐sensitive growth mutant, FV‐P6, which irreversibly arrests before the middle of the G1 stage of the tachyzoite cell cycle. This arrest is caused by a point mutation in a gene conserved across eukaryotes, Cactin, whose product localizes to the nucleus. To elucidate the role of TgCactin we performed genome‐wide expression profiling. Besides the expected G1 expression profile, many genes associated with the extracellular state as well as with the bradyzoite cyst stage were identified. Consistent with these profiles were the expression of AP2 transcription factors typically associated with extracellular and bradyzoite stage parasites. This suggests a role for TgCactin in control of gene expression. As TgCactin does not contain any functionally defined domains we reasoned TgCactin exerts its function through interactions with other proteins. In support of this model we demonstrated that TgCactin is present in a protein complex and can oligomerize. Taken together, these results suggest that TgCactin acts as a pivotal protein potentially regulating gene expression at several transition points in parasite development.
Mast Cell Activation by Conidia of Sporothrix schenckii: Role in the Severity of Infection
Authors: Romo‐Lozano Y. , Hernández‐Hernández F. , Salinas E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMast cells are abundant in the skin and other peripheral tissues, where they are one of the first immune cells to make contact with invading pathogens. As a result of pathogen recognition, mast cells can be activated and release different preformed and de novo‐synthesized mediators. Sporothrix schenckii is the fungus that causes sporotrichosis, a worldwide‐distributed subcutaneous mycosis considered as an important emerging health problem. It remains unknown whether or not mast cells are activated by S. schenckii. Here, we investigated the in vitro response of mast cells to conidia of S. schenckii and their in vivo involvement in sporotrichosis. Mast cells became activated after interaction with conidia, releasing early response cytokines as TNF‐α and IL‐6. Although histamine release was not significantly stimulated by S. schenckii, we determined that conidia potentiate histamine secretion induced by compound 48/80. Furthermore, functional depletion of peritoneal mast cells before S. schenckii infection significantly reduced the severity of cutaneous lesions of the sporotrichosis. These data demonstrate that mast cells are important contributors in the host response to S. schenckii infection, suggesting a role of these cells in the progress of clinical manifestations in sporotrichosis.
Protein Kinase B Promotes Radiation‐Induced Regulatory T Cell Survival in Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Wang M. , Gou X. , Wang L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRadiotherapy is an efficient remedy in the treatment for bladder carcinoma (BCa); still, some cancer cells can survive from the radiation; the therapeutic effect is to be improved. Regulatory T cell (Treg)‐induced tumour tolerance and Akt expression play important roles in the tumour survival. This study aims to elucidate the role of radiation induces Akt expression in regulatory T cells (Tregs). The surgically removed BCa tissue was collected from 26 patients treated with or without radiotherapy. The frequency of Tregs and apoptotic Tregs in BCa tissue was assessed by flow cytometry. A cell culture model was employed to investigate the mechanism by which the tumour‐infiltrating Tregs survive from radiation. After radiotherapy, the frequency of Treg was increased in the BCa tissue; the apoptotic Tregs were decreased; the expression of Akt was increased in remained Tregs. The results were reproduced in vitro with a cell culture model. The addition of Akt inhibitor blocked the radiation‐induced Treg survival in culture. Akt plays an important role in the radiation‐induced tumour‐infiltrating Treg survival in BCa.
Role of Vesicle‐Inducing Protein in Plastids 1 in cpTat transport at the thylakoid
Authors: Lo Shari M. , Theg Steven M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryVIPP1 has been shown to be required for the proper formation of thylakoid membranes. However, studies on VIPP1 itself, as well as on PspA, its bacterial homolog, suggests that this protein may be involved in a number of additional functions, including protein translocation. The role of VIPP1 in protein translocation in the chloroplast has not been investigated. To this end, we conducted in vitro thylakoid protein transport assays to look at the effect of VIPP1 on the cpTat pathway, which is one of three translocation pathways found in both the chloroplast and its bacterial progenitor. We found that VIPP1 does indeed enhance protein transport through the cpTat pathway by up to 100%. The VIPP1 effect on cpTat activity occurs without interacting with the substrates or components of the translocon, and does not alter the energy potentials driving this translocation pathway. Instead, VIPP1 greatly enhances the amount of substrate bound productively to the thylakoids. Moreover, the presence of increasing VIPP1 concentrations in the reactions resulted in greater interactions between thylakoid membranes. Taken together, these results demonstrate a stimulatory role for VIPP1 in cpTat transport by enhancement of substrate binding, probably to the membrane lipid regions of the thylakoid. We propose a model in which VIPP1 facilitates reorganization of the thylakoid structure to increase substrate access to productive binding regions of the membrane as an early step in the cpTat pathway.
Heterosis manifestation during early Arabidopsis seedling development is characterized by intermediate gene expression and enhanced metabolic activity in the hybrids
Authors: Meyer Rhonda C. , Witucka‐Wall Hanna , Becher Martina , Blacha Anna , Boudichevskaia Anastassia , Dörmann Peter , Fiehn Oliver , Friedel Svetlana , von Korff Maria , Lisec Jan , Melzer Michael , Repsilber Dirk , Schmidt Renate , Scholz Matthias , Selbig Joachim , Willmitzer Lothar , Altmann Thomas 
Published: April 2012

SummaryHeterosis‐associated cellular and molecular processes were analyzed in seeds and seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Col‐0 and C24 and their heterotic hybrids. Microscopic examination revealed no advantages in terms of hybrid mature embryo organ sizes or cell numbers. Increased cotyledon sizes were detectable 4 days after sowing. Growth heterosis results from elevated cell sizes and numbers, and is well established at 10 days after sowing. The relative growth rates of hybrid seedlings were most enhanced between 3 and 4 days after sowing. Global metabolite profiling and targeted fatty acid analysis revealed maternal inheritance patterns for a large proportion of metabolites in the very early stages. During developmental progression, the distribution shifts to dominant, intermediate and heterotic patterns, with most changes occurring between 4 and 6 days after sowing. The highest incidence of heterotic patterns coincides with establishment of size differences at 4 days after sowing. In contrast, overall transcript patterns at 4, 6 and 10 days after sowing are characterized by intermediate to dominant patterns, with parental transcript levels showing the largest differences. Overall, the results suggest that, during early developmental stages, intermediate gene expression and higher metabolic activity in the hybrids compared to the parents lead to better resource efficiency, and therefore enhanced performance in the hybrids.
Regulation and expression of IL‐32 in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Soyka M. B. , Treis A. , Eiwegger T. , Menz G. , Zhang S. , Holzmann D. , Akdis C. A. , Meyer N. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundActivated T lymphocytes and their interaction with resident tissue cells, particularly epithelium, play important roles in inflammatory processes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). IL‐32 is a recently described cytokine, which is expressed in a variety of tissue cells and involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases.MethodsHuman sinus epithelial cells were isolated from biopsies and stimulated with different cytokines, which play a role in the pathogenesis of CRS. IL‐32 mRNA expression was analyzed using real‐time‐PCR, IL‐32 protein was determined by Western blot and flow cytometry as well as immunofluorescent staining in primary sinus epithelial cells and nasal biopsies from patients with CRS and healthy controls.ResultsIL‐32 mRNA was upregulated by TNF‐α and IFN‐γ in primary sinus epithelial cells, whereas IL‐1 β, IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐17 did not influence IL‐32 expression. IL‐32 mRNA expression was significantly higher in human primary sinonasal epithelial cells (HSECs) cocultured with Th1 cells compared with HSECs cocultured with Th0 or Th2 cells. IL‐32 mRNA expression was significantly higher in biopsies from sinus epithelial tissue of CRS patients with nasal polyps compared with healthy subjects (P = 0.01). IL‐32 was detected in biopsies from patients with CRS, whereas it was scarcely present in control tissues.ConclusionThe induction of IL‐32 by TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and Th1 cells as well as its increased expression in sinus tissues from CRS patients with nasal polyps demonstrated a potential role for IL‐32 in the pathogenesis of CRS.