bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing, implementing, and evaluating the process of action plan management at Isfahan Medical School
Authors: Shahidi Shahrzad , Avizhgan Maryam , Shojaei Behnoosh 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Planning, organizing, and coordinating are inevitable in pursuing the faculty and university's goals, which cannot be achieved without having desirable goals, prioritization, and AP (action plan). This study designed, implemented, and evaluated APM (Action plan management) to increase the quality of educational, research, and management programs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A developmental study was conducted at Isfahan Medical School in 2019. The participants were selected by census sampling, and the target population comprised all deputies (8 ones) and departments (33 ones). This study was carried out in seven steps with a combined method of reviewing literature, document analysis, focus group, and questionnaire. The steps were forming the APM committee, regulating a planned process, designing and issuing the faculty's general policies, using expertise and getting feedback, monitoring the program, final reporting, and the poll.

RESULTS:
The response rate of the departments was 90.2%; the highest and lowest comprehensiveness scores of AP were 100% and 38%, and the highest and lowest performance monitoring scores were 100% and 25%. The mean and standard deviation of comprehensiveness and monitoring were 76 ± 0.1% and 69 ± 0.4%, 82 ± 0.1% and 73 ± 0.1%, and 72 ± 0.2% and 63 ± 0.4% in the basic science departments, clinical departments, and deputies, respectively. The highest agreement (4.8 ± 0.4) was related to the items “AP is as one of the important functions of management, looking to the future” and “AP is effective in the development of any organization.”

CONCLUSION:
Regulating a designed process with a clear guideline, developing 24 general policies for the faculty, forming a committee to monitor the AP, and evaluating and giving feedback to the units were the most important results of this study. Also, the selected departments were introduced, and the progress report was presented to the faculty councils. Further studies were proposed to develop long-term plans, and information management was suggested to measure the progress of different units over time according to the defined goals.
The effect of educational intervention on the quality of life of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sotoudeh Reza , Alavi Mousa 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Family caregivers of hemodialysis patients experience various physical, psychological, social, economic, and spiritual problems that reduce their quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the effect of a family-centered education program on the quality of life of family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a randomized controlled trial that was performed on 70 caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis in the medical centers of Hazrate Ali Asghar and Hazrate Zahraye Marzieh in Isfahan. Caregivers were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, and the experimental group received an eight-session family-centered education program. Data were collected using the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS)-short form immediately after and 1 month after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18 and analysis of variance and covariance.

RESULTS:
The results showed that both experimental and control groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic information and there was no significant difference between them in this regard. Analysis of data on quality of life and its four domains showed that the mean scores of quality of life (P = 0.089) and its four domains including physical health (P = 0.367), mental health (P = 0.429), community relations (P = 0.132), and environmental health (P = 0.232) increased significantly immediately after and 1 month after the intervention (P < 0.001 in all cases).

CONCLUSION:
Educational programs can improve the quality of life of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it is recommended that programs be developed and evaluated in various studies in the future.
Efficacy of Personalized-Computerized Inhibitory Training program (PCIT) combined with exposure and response prevention on treatment outcomes in patients with contamination obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Dehkordi Fatemeh Jafarian , Farani Abbas Ramezani , Gharraee Banafsheh , Shati Mohsen , Ashouri Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) including exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the most effective and first-line treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, a significant number of people leave it or do not respond to it effectively. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of personalized-computerized inhibitory training (P-CIT) program combined with ERP on treatment outcomes in patients with contamination OCD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present research method was based on an experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and the two intervention and control groups. Thirty patients with contamination OCD were randomly assigned to the two groups of intervention and control based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The measures used in this study were Yale-Brown Scale, Stroop task, World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales -21.

RESULTS:
The results showed a significant reduction in severity of symptoms (F = 0.75, P < 001) and severity of anxiety (F = 0.75, P < 001) for the intervention group. Furthermore, task control (F = 12.44, P < 001), mental health (F = 28.32, P < 001), physical health (F = 2.48, P < 001), and overall quality of life (F = 0.19, P = 001) improved in the intervention group after the intervention.

CONCLUSION:
When P-CIT is exerted along with ERP, it may enhance inhibition of compulsions and increase the efficacy of ERP through improved task control, thereby resulting in reduced symptom severity and improved treatment outcomes in patients with contamination OCD.
The use of medicinal plants in the prevention of COVID-19 using the Health Belief Model: A survey based on the Iranian population
Authors: Latifi Masoomeh , Maraki Fatemeh , Parvaresh Mohammad-Javad , Zarei Mohammadreza , Allabakhshian Leili 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Because of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the preventive measures have increased, such as focusing on the use of medicinal plants in most communities, including Iran. The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge, attitude, and performance of individuals toward the use of medicinal plants and to identify the predictors of the use of medicinal plants in the prevention of COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This descriptive-analytical study (February–April 2021) was performed on 3840 Iranian men and women aged 20–70 years selected as a multi-stage cluster study. At the first stage, all provinces were divided into five regions: North, South, East, West, and Center. In the second stage, a provincial center and a city were randomly selected from each region (North: Sari, Babol; South: Bushehr, Bandar Genaveh; East: Mashhad, Sabzevar; West: Hamedan, Toisarkan; Center: Yazd, Ardakan). Data were collected by a researcher-made scale based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data analysis was performed applying Pearson correlation coefficient, logistic regression, and linear regression.

RESULTS:
The results showed that people have relatively high knowledge and positive attitude toward the use of medicinal plants in prevention of COVID-19. The most important reason for positive attitude was the perceived benefits with the mean of 75.06%. Also, half of the people had poor performance. Correlation coefficient showed that the use of medicinal plants with perceived sensitivity (p = 0.000, r = 0.3), perceived benefits (p = 0.012, r = 0.126), perceived barriers (p = 0.000, r = 0.179), and perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.000, r = 0.305) had a significant correlation. The strongest correlation between perceived self-efficacy was observed with the use of herbs in prevention of COVID-19. The HBM constructs can predict 26% of the variance for the use of medicinal plants in the prevention of COVID-19, among which perceived self-efficacy (β = 0.230) was the most powerful predictor.

CONCLUSION:
Based on the results, the predictive role of self-efficacy constructs for the use of medicinal plants in prevention of COVID-19 has been confirmed according to the HBM. Therefore, methods of increasing self-efficacy such as training programs and providing appropriate intervention models can be used not only as promoters of using medicinal plants in prevention of COVID-19 but also for improving people's performance in the proper use of medicinal plants.
Undiagnosed hypertension and its correlates among adults attending urban and rural health training centers in a South Indian district
Authors: Appadurai Praveena Daya , Rajanayagam Abel Rodger Nayagam , Asharaf Riaz Mohamed , Govindan Prema Priya 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
In developing countries, many people with high blood pressure are not aware of their disease. Those who are diagnosed to have elevated hypertension may not have access to treatment. It contributes to the high burden of heart diseases, kidney failure stroke, and premature mortality and disability. The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of undiagnosed hypertension and to describe the factors associated with it among adults attending outpatient department of an urban and rural health centers in a South Indian district.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done among 539 outpatient adults of rural and urban health centers in a South Indian district during May–December 2021 recruited through consecutive sampling. Data were collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Variables significant in univariate analysis were further analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS:
One-hundred and ninety-nine (36.9%) out of 539 participants had undiagnosed hypertension. Multivariate analysis showed the following risk factors as significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension (age more than 50 (AOR = 5.936, 95% CI = 3.787–9.304), adults with a family history of hypertension (AOR = 1.826, 95% CI = 1.139–2.929), participants without physical activity (AOR = 1.648, 95% CI = 1.089–2.496), and participants from urban area (AOR = 1.837, 95% CI = 1.132–2.982)).

CONCLUSION:
A high burden of undiagnosed hypertension was identified emphasizing the need for strict implementation and monitoring of health promotion, awareness generation, and promotion of healthy lifestyle strategies proposed by the government.
Development and assessment of validity and reliability of a checklist to evaluate the Circulating and Scrub Skills of Operating Room Novices (CSSORN checklist)
Authors: Nasiri Morteza , Yektatalab Shahrzad , Momennasab Marzieh , Vizeshfar Fatemeh 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Assessment of circulating and scrub skills is an important issue in operating room (OR) programs. However, there is a lack of well-designed tools that are specifically developed for this purpose. Hence, this study aimed to develop and determine the validity and reliability of a checklist to measure the circulating and scrub skills of OR novices.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional methodological study was conducted among 124 OR technology students who were selected during three consecutive academic years (2019–2020 to 2021–2022). The developed checklist was evaluated with face validity, content validity (quantitative and qualitative), construct validity (known-groups validity), criterion-related validity (concurrent and predictive validities), internal consistency (Kuder–Richardson 20, KR-20), and inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC). Known-groups validity was evaluated by comparing the difference between the checklist scores of first-semester and third-semester students using independent samples t-test. Additionally, concurrent and predictive validities were evaluated by ICC through measuring the correlation between the total score of checklist and grades of a multiple-choice test and two clinical apprenticeship courses, respectively. Data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.

RESULTS:
After reconciling the preliminary checklist in terms of face and content validities, a checklist with 17 sub-scales and 340 items called “Circulating and Scrub Skills of Operating Room Novices (CSSORN)” was developed. Regarding the known-groups validity, the third-semester students had higher scores compared to the first-semester students (p < 0.001 in most sub-scales). Besides, the total score of checklist showed a significant correlation with the criteria of concurrent and predictive validities (ICC = 0.64, ICC = 0.72; P < 0.001). The KR-20 for the entire checklist was 0.90 (range: 0.60–0.93). The ICC for inter-rater reliability was also 0.96 for the entire checklist (range: 0.76–0.99, P < 0.001 in all sub-scales).

CONCLUSION:
The CSSORN had appropriate validity and reliability to be used for measuring the circulating and scrub skills of OR novices. To shed light on the findings, further testing of this checklist on larger populations and in different contexts is suggested.
Elders in natural disasters: Community-based health organization (CBHO) education and preparedness
Authors: Yarmohammadian Mohammad H. , Akbari Faeze , Niaraees Asal , Rezaei Fatemeh 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
The awareness of the elderly needs and assisting requirement should be added to education and preparedness disaster plans. In this study, we want to reach a comprehensive training program considering goals, objectives, time, budgeting, target group, syllabus, educational strategy, and teaching methods for CBOs interested and being served elders in disasters.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:
This qualitative study has been done via interviews with key informants in CBHOs and NGOs and the ministry of health agents in Iran. Besides, content analysis of the documents and instructions provided by the government to direct partnerships with NGOs was reviewed, and focus discussion group to conduct a deductive content analysis research. All data were analyzed with MAXQDA 18.

RESULTS:
Content analysis reached two main goals and seven objectives. The first goal refers to the fact that an educational program should direct not only subjects concerning disasters' effects on the aging population, but also discerning elders' different needs, giving priority to the supply of the basic needs of elders, and looking ahead the physical and mental problems of the elders. The second goal refers to relief skills that CBHOs stakeholders need to obtain for serving elders in a disaster through participating in various exercises.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results can guide community-based stakeholders in considering all the needs of the elderly during disasters and teaching all the syllabus of this research would reduce the adverse effects of disasters on the elderly.
Preparedness toward participation in disaster management: An online survey among dental practitioners in a disaster-prone region of Eastern India
Authors: Narayanan Sri Priya , Rath Hemamalini , Mahapatra Shilpa , Mahakur Manoranjan 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Dentists are often overlooked resources in the workforce for disaster management (DM). To determine the knowledge, attitudes, willingness, and self-perceived effectiveness to participate in DM among general dental practitioners (GDPs) of Eastern India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A web-based online survey was conducted among 256 Dental Council of India registered GDPs of Cuttack district, Odisha. The 45-item survey comprised closed-ended questions on the demographic data of the participants, years of practice, previous experience in DM, and willingness to participate. Other domains assessed were the participants' objective knowledge of DM, attitude, and self-perceived effectiveness toward participation during disasters. Data were analyzed descriptively, and the Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05.

RESULT:
A total of 154 responses were analyzed, giving a response rate of 60.16%. The average age was ≤35 years, 59.1% were BDS dentists and 78.6% had less than 10 years of practice. Only 18% of them had previous experience with DM, and merely 3.2% were formerly trained; however, 95.5% of the dentists were willing to participate in DM. The mean DM knowledge and attitude scores were 16.12 (CI = 15.4–16.8) and 5.79 (5.45–6.13), respectively. Knowledge and attitude showed a significant correlation. About 56% indicated that they would be able to respond effectively to a disastrous event. Significant associations were observed between age group (P = 0.008), years of clinical practice (P = 0.001), qualification (P = 0.012), previous participation (P = 0.029), and self-perceived effectiveness.

CONCLUSION:
The knowledge regarding DM among respondents was at an average level. However, the majority of them were found to have a positive attitude toward participation in DM. Thus, including DM in dental curricula and drills for dental professionals might prove beneficial as almost all GDPs were showing greater self-perceived effectiveness and willingness to participate in disasters.
Policy requirements in promoting older people health care in Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Bahmaei Jamshid , Ravangard Ramin , Bahrami Mohammad Amin , Asadollahi Abdolrahim , Bastani Peivand 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
The demographic structure of Iran as a developing country has undergone various changes in recent years. Therefore, the present study sought to analyze policy and upstream documents related to the older people health in Iran in order to identify and analyze the requirements considered by health policymakers to promote the older people health in Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a qualitative study conducted in 2021 through national qualitative document analysis. All upstream documents published and related to older people health were reviewed between February 1979 and October 2021. The Scott's four-step method was used to extract the related documents.

RESULTS:
Policy requirements for promoting older people healthcare in Iran were categorized into 4 main themes in the form of a conceptual framework and 15 sub-themes. Thus, in order to ensure the health of the older people in Iran, it is necessary to take into account the four categories of managerial requirements, financing, infrastructures, and providing older people services. In other words, the sustainable financing requirements and the infrastructural requirements should firstly exist together as basic requirements. Then, geriatric health management requirements are needed to provide the older people health services along with the previous requirements and finally ensure the health of the older people in Iran.

CONCLUSION:
The results of this study can be helpful in the review of upstream older people health policy documents by policy makers in order to better promote the health of the older people and pave the way for new policies to enter the agenda of policy makers.
The pattern of smartphone usage, smartphone addiction, and associated subjective health problems associated with smartphone use among undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Machado Joyce , Pai Radhika R. , Kotian Reshma R. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
The usage of smartphones has become common among adolescents, despite knowing the health-related problems of the user. Currently, the availability of electronic gadgets has become economical and this has an impact on society, especially on the behavior of adolescents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional survey design was used to find the pattern of smartphone usage, smartphone addiction, and subjective health problems associated with smartphone usage. The data were obtained from 270 nursing students using the convenient sampling technique using a sociodemographic proforma, semi-structured questionnaire on the pattern of smartphone usage, Smartphone Addiction Scale, self-reported subjective health problems questionnaire, and study habits scale.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for the analysis using SPSS 16.0.

RESULTS:
The study findings revealed that most of the participants 243 (90.0%) were using 4G phones. The majority 88 (32.60%) of the participants were using a smartphone for less than 2 hours at a stretch in a day. Most uses of a smartphone were in the night 155 (57.40%). The main usage of a smartphone was for entertainment purposes 213 (78.90%). Most of the participants 196 (72.6%) were moderately addicted to smartphones. One-third 109 (40.2%) of the participants complained of headache, followed by straining of the eyes 83 (30.6%).

CONCLUSION:
The awareness of smartphone addiction and health-related problems associated with smartphone usage has been shown to decrease its impact. The study concluded that it is very much necessary to identify the pattern of smartphone usage, to prevent the consequences of addiction and health problems associated with smartphone usage.
Medical students' perceptions of the educational environment in a private medical school in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Oguntoye Oluwatosin O. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
The educational environment plays a very important role in determining the overall performance of students. The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of undergraduate medical students about their educational environment in a Nigerian university.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted among final-year (600 level) undergraduate medical students. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used for the study to assess the educational environment of the medical students.

RESULTS:
A total number of 100 final-year (600 level) undergraduate medical students participated in the study, out of which 27 (27.0%) were males and 73 (73.0%) were females with a male-to-female ratio of 0.37 to 1. The age range of the respondents was 21–30 years with a mean (±SD) of 23.54 (±1.403). The total mean DREEM score was 116.2/200. The total score of SPL domain was 30.2/48 (62.9%). The total score of SPT domain was 27.3/44 (62.0%), while that of SASP was 19.2/32 (60.0%). The total score of SPA domain was 26.6/48 (55.4%) and that of SSP was 13.1/28 (46.8%). For the SPL, SPT, SASP, and SPA domains, the score was above 50%. However, for the SSP domain the score was less than 50%.

CONCLUSIONS:
The total mean DREEM score in this study was 116.2/200, more positives than negatives, with the students' social perspective having the least domain score. There is a need to provide adequate social support system for medical students in general and particularly for those who get stressed.