bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate ultra‐low‐energy secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of wide bandgap GaN/InxGa1–xN structures using optical conductivity enhancement
Authors: Morris R. J. H. , Dowsett M. G. , Beanland R. , Parbrook P. J. , McConville C. F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUltra‐low‐energy secondary ion mass spectrometry has been used to undertake a structural analysis of GaN–InxGa1–xN (x ∼0.25) quantum wells used in optoelectronic devices. The high resistivity of intrinsic GaN–InxGa1–xN restricts the necessary electrical path between the analyzed area and the instrument ground potential resulting in surface charge accumulation. Consequently, unstable and unrepresentative depth profiles tend to be produced. A technique known as optical conductivity enhancement (OCE) has been used during depth profiling to reduce the material resistivity. This creates an electrical path between the sample and holder, eliminating charge build up and resulting in accurate depth profiles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface characterization and monitoring of surface changes after conservation treatments of silver gelatin photographic papers using confocal microscopy
Authors: Ravines Patrick , Chen Jiuan‐jiuan , Wichern Christian M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSurface metrology techniques that are non‐perturbing (non‐contact, non‐invasive, and non‐destructive) are well suited to in situ surface studies of historical and fine art photographs. They allow for the quantitative examination of the microstructure of the photograph surface, thereby, offering an important advancement in the examination, documentation, and characterization of silver gelatin photographs and other modern and/or historic imaging materials. This article presents the application of an optical confocal scanning disk microscopy system to the qualitative and quantitative characterization and assessment of a silver gelatin photographic paper, Ilford Glossy, submitted to different humidification and flattening protocols. SCANNING 32: 122–133, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MNEs and corruption: the impact of national institutions and subsidiary strategy
Authors: Spencer Jennifer , Gomez Carolina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe argue that the pressure MNE subsidiaries face to engage in corrupt practices in their host country varies positively with the institutionalization of corrupt practices in both host and home country environments. We further argue that the relationship between an MNE's home country environment and the pressure it faces in the host country is moderated by its localization strategy. Results suggest a positive relationship between the host country corruption environment and the pressure subsidiaries face to engage in bribery locally. Mixed results emerged concerning MNEs from home countries participating in the OECD Convention for Combating Bribery. Results concerning the impact of the home country corruption environment are best viewed in light of significant moderating effects. When MNEs did not have local partners, firms from less corrupt home countries reported less pressure to engage in corrupt practices locally; however, the presence of local partners eliminated this relationship. Results will help managers understand the pressures their firm is likely to face when operating in corrupt host country environments, and also offer guidance concerning how the firm might reduce its exposure to those local institutional pressures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positional rigidity: low performance and resource acquisition in large and small firms
Authors: Greve Henrich R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPast research has given contradictory answers to the question of how strategic change is linked to firm size and performance. This paper resolves the contradictory predictions of performance feedback theory and threat rigidity theory by positing that small and large firms have distinct responses to performance because of differences in risk aversion and internal rigidity. To examine these differences, it is necessary to distinguish risk taking from rigidity in the strategic position, which is accomplished by separate analysis of the amount of resource acquisition and the difference of acquired and existing resources. Analysis of data from the shipping industry supports the predicted interactions of firm size and performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanodiamond as the pH‐Responsive Vehicle for an Anticancer Drug
Authors: Guan Bo , Zou Fei , Zhi Jinfang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCis‐dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (CDDP, cisplatin), a widely used anticancer drug, is successfully loaded onto nanodiamond (ND) by adsorption and complexation. The CDDP–ND composite is characterized by IR spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. CDDP is released from the composite in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) of pH 6.0 at a rate higher than in PBS of pH 7.4. Therefore, it is predicted that the ND vehicle would deliver low concentrations of CDDP in the blood, but release much more drug after integration into the acidic cytoplasm, thereby reducing toxic side effects. The complexation between CDDP and the carboxyl groups on the ND surface is responsible for the pH‐responsive release property. The drug released from the composite retains the same cytotoxicity as free CDDP against human cervical cancer cells.
New Mixing Rules for Composite Polymer Materials
Authors: Holcman Vladimír , Grmela Lubomír , Liedermann Karel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper studies the dielectric properties of an elastomer filled with spherical Ni particles of different sizes the range 35–115 µm. The experimental analysis is followed by an examination of the permittivity/conductivity mixing rules. A new mixing formula for the composite system consisting of spherical metallic particles and the polymer matrix is presented. This formula includes both Ni particle content and Ni particle size as two independent variables. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Space Charge Distribution Measurement in Complex Insulating Structures
Authors: Holé Stéphane 
Published: June 2010

AbstractElectrical insulation involves more and more complex structures in which the electric field or the material can be heterogeneous. For testing space charge buildup in such structures, one‐dimensional measurements are still often used owing to their simplicity. The sample complexity may, however, induce spurious effects that can be confused with space charge. In this paper, from the underlying physics of the pressure‐wave propagation (PWP) and the electro‐acoustic (PEA) methods, limitations of the one‐dimensional model are shown and an analysis procedure is given. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Refractive Index Control of Polymer Film by Plasma CVD for designing an Optical Waveguide
Authors: Sato Tetsuji , Moriki Kazunori , Yumoto Motoshige 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRefractive index control of a polymer film is an important issue in the fabrication of an optical polymer waveguide by using plasma‐enhanced polymerization. In a conventional approach, one attempts to control the same by changing the molecular structure by controlling the plasma conditions, for example, the applied power, pressure, and plasma potential. In another approach, elements other than carbon and hydrogen can be incorporated into the film. However, this approach unfortunately causes an increased optical absorption due to excess radicals, e.g. dangling bonds in the film and the unpredictable and undesirable bases produced during the reaction. We have proposed to control the amount of double bonding by varying the source monomer without changing the plasma conditions, where we used C6H6 and C6H10 as the source monomers. In the present paper, we investigate how the refractive index changes by varying the amount of double bonds by controlling the ratio of C6H6 and C6H10 in a mixture. Moreover, we discuss how the CF4 plasma atmosphere affects the refractive index and the molecular structure of the film. Consequently, increasing the ratio of C6H6 in the mixture increases the refractive index of the film linearly. The refractive index decreases until the ratio of CF4 is less than 0.4, and beyond this value the refractive index remains almost constant. Additionally, the deposition rate using CF4 as the atmosphere is much larger than when using Ar. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Relationship between Contact Voltage Drop and Frictional Coefficient under High‐current Sliding Contact
Authors: Ueno Takahiro , Kadono Kenichi , Yamaguchi Shinji , Aoyagi Minoru , Tanaka Akio , Morita Noboru 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLarge DC motors are used in various industrial applications. These motors repeatedly generate arcs between the brush and commutator, because the load change is intense and the current value is also large. In particular, for the case in which the current is concentrated on a part of the brush, brush burnout may occur as a result of overcurrent. Therefore, excellent brushes to withstand arc generation and with good electrical properties are required. In the present paper, we discuss the relation between contact voltage drop and frictional wear for electrical sliding contacts when high currents flow to the brush. Specifically, we investigate the means by which to prevent brush burnout when high‐current flows to the brush. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Simple Method for Detecting Oil–Water Interface Level and Oil Level
Authors: Lu Gui‐Rong , Hu Hao , Chen Shu‐Yue 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new and simple method for monitoring two levels of oil‐water interface and oil is proposed. The method aims to estimate the two levels of liquids stored up and layered in a single tank. A parallel‐plate capacitance sensor, one electrode of which has been divided into two parts by a diagonal line through a small crack, has been developed. According to relationships between capacitances and the two levels, two formulas for estimating the oil‐water interface level and oil level have been derived and tested theoretically. The results indicate that the proposed method is possible and the designed sensor can deliver important information for practical engineers. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Field Experiments of an OFDMA/TDD System for Mobile WiMAX
Authors: Yamazaki Satoshi , Asano David K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) is a technology that has received much attention for next‐generation mobile broadband systems. In this paper, we focused on the physical layer of mobile WiMAX and performed field experiments. We show the performance of a WiMAX base station in the field using the error vector magnitude (EVM) performance measure experimentally and theoretically. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A new population‐based term prediction model vs. two traditional sample‐based models: validation on 9046 ultrasound examinations
Authors: Økland I. , Gjessing H. K. , Grøttum P. , Eggebø T. M. , Eik‐Nes S. H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo compare results of predictions of date of delivery from a new population‐based model with those from two traditional regression models.MethodsWe included 9046 fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) measurements and 8776 femur length (FL) measurements from the routine ultrasound examinations at Stavanger University Hospital between 2001 and 2007. The prediction models to be validated were applied to the data, and the resulting predictions were compared with the actual time of the subsequent deliveries. The primary measure was the median bias (the difference between the true and the predicted date of delivery), calculated for each method, for the study population as a whole and for three subgroups of BPD/FL measurements. We also assessed the proportion of births within ± 14 days of the predicted day, and rates of preterm and post‐term deliveries, which were regarded as secondary measures.ResultsFor the population‐based model, the median bias was −0.15 days (95% confidence interval (CI), −0.43 to 0.12) for the BPD‐based, and −0.48 days (95% CI, −0.86 to −0.46) for the FL‐based predictions, and both biases were stable over the inclusion ranges. The biases of the traditional regression models varied, depending on the fetal size at the time of the examination; the extremes were −3.2 and + 4.5 days for the BPD‐based, and −1.0 and + 5.0 days for the FL‐based predictions.ConclusionsThe overall biases, as well as the biases for the subgroups, were all smaller with the population‐based model than with the traditional regression models, which exhibited substantial biases in some BPD and FL subcategories. For the population‐based model, the FL‐based predictions were in accordance with the BPD‐based predictions. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Out with the Old, In with the New: A Novel Approach to Treating Pain Associated with Rib Fractures
Authors: Truitt Michael S. , Mooty R. Clark , Amos Joseph , Lorenzo Manuel , Mangram Alicia , Dunn Ernest 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundRib fractures continue to be a challenging problem from both a pulmonary and analgesia standpoint. As a result, numerous modalities have been used to treat this condition, but none has proven universally available and efficacious. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the efficacy of a novel technique for placing an elastomeric infusion pump (EIP) catheter (On‐Q; Lake Forest, CA, USA) in the extrathoracic paraspinous space to create a continuous intercostal nerve block.MethodsThis was a prospective, nonrandomized study conducted in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of an urban level II trauma center. We developed a novel technique for placing EIP catheters in the extrathoracic paraspinous space to provide continuous intercostal nerve blockade. We subsequently evaluated 30 consecutive blunt trauma patients with three or more unilateral rib fractures. The catheters were infused with local anesthetic, and the dose was titrated to achieve adequate analgesia. For each patient, preplacement numeric pain scale scores (NPSs) and sustained maximum inspiration (SMI) lung volumes were determined. Sixty minutes following placement of the catheters, the NPS and SMI were repeated. The patients were monitored for any procedural or drug‐related complications.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 65 years (22–92 years); the mean ISS was 14 (9–16); and the mean number of rib fractures was 4.4 (3–8). Overall, the mean NPS significantly improved (preplacement NPS 9.03, postplacement NPS 3.06;p< 0.05) and was associated with a significant increase in the SMI (preplacement SMI 0.40 L, postplacement SMI 1.1 L;p< 0.05). The catheters remained in place for an average of 98 h (72–146 h), and there were no procedural‐ or drug‐related complications.ConclusionsThese pilot data indicate that the placement of EIP catheters in the extrathoracic paraspinous space may be a safe, viable, and efficacious procedure for ameliorating pain secondary to rib fractures.
Does Pringle Maneuver Affect Survival in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases?
Authors: Ferrero Alessandro , Russolillo Nadia , Viganò Luca , Lo Tesoriere Roberto , Muratore Andrea , Capussotti Lorenzo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this original article was to evaluate the impact of the Pringle maneuver on the survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases.MethodsEighty patients with colorectal liver metastases were randomized to undergo hepatectomy with (39 patients, HPC group) or without (41 patients, NHPC group) pedicle clamping.ResultsThe two groups were homogeneous. Mortality and morbidity rates were similar. Blood transfusions rates were higher in HPC group (p = 0.010). Median follow‐up was 67.1 ± 20 months in the HPC group and 77.5 ± 16.6 months in the other group (p = 0.07). Overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 100%, 86.1%, and 49.4% in HPC group vs. 92.6%, 65.8%, and 48.2% in NHPC group (p = 0.704). Disease‐free survival was similar between the two groups: 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 85.7%, 51.4%, and 34.3% in the HPC group vs. 84%, 51.5%, and 37.9% in NHPC group (p = 0.943). The incidence of hepatic recurrence was similar in the two groups (p = 0.506). Median time to hepatic recurrence was similar in the two groups (p = 0.482). Overall and disease‐free survival rates were similar even when the Pringle maneuver was longer than 45 min (p = 0.571 and 0.948) and in patients with liver steatosis (p = 0.779 and 0.412).ConclusionsThe Pringle maneuver does not seem to affect the survival of patients with liver metastases.
Nationwide survey of extended newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry in Taiwan
Authors: Niu Dau‐Ming , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Chiang Chuan‐Chi , Ho Hui‐Chen , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Kao Shu‐Min , Chiang Szu‐Hui , Kao Chuan‐Hong , Liu Tze‐Tze , Chiang Hung , Hsiao Kwang‐Jen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn Taiwan, during the period March 2000 to June 2009, 1,495,132 neonates were screened for phenylketonuria (PKU) and homocystinuria (HCU), and 1,321,123 neonates were screened for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), methylmalonic academia (MMA), medium‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, isovaleric academia (IVA), and glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA‐1) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). In a pilot study, 592,717 neonates were screened for citrullinemia, 3‐methylcrotonyl‐CoA carboxylase deficiency (3‐MCC) and other fatty acid oxidation defects in the MS/MS newborn screening. A total of 170 newborns and four mothers were confirmed to have inborn errors of metabolism. The overall incidence was approximately 1/5,882 (1/6,219 without mothers). The most common inborn errors were defects of phenylalanine metabolism [five classic PKU, 20 mild PKU, 40 mild hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), and 13 6‐pyruvoyl‐tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) deficiency]. MSUD was the second most common amino acidopathy and, significantly, most MSUD patients (10/13) belonged to the Austronesian aboriginal tribes of southern Taiwan. The most frequently detected among organic acid disorders was 3‐MCC deficiency (14 newborns and four mothers). GA‐1 and MMA were the second most common organic acid disorders (13 and 13 newborns, respectively). In fatty acid disorders, five carnitine transport defect (CTD), five short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD), and two medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency were confirmed. This is the largest case of MS/MS newborn screening in an East‐Asian population to date. We hereby report the incidences and outcomes of metabolic inborn error diseases found in our nationwide MS/MS newborn screening program.
Vascular presentation of cystathionine beta‐synthase deficiency in adulthood
Authors: Magner Martin , Krupková Lucie , Honzík Tomáš , Zeman Jiří , Hyánek Josef , Kožich Viktor 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSeveral recent studies describing a solely vascular presentation of cystathionine beta‐synthase (CBS) deficiency in adulthood prompted us to analyze the frequency of patients manifesting with vascular complications in the Czech Republic. Between 1980 and 2009, a total of 20 Czech patients with CBS deficiency have been diagnosed yielding an incidence of 1:311,000. These patients were divided into three groups based on symptoms leading to diagnosis: those with vascular complications, with connective tissue manifestation and with neurological presentation. A vascular event such as a clinical feature leading to diagnosis of homocystinuria was present in five patients, while two of them had no other symptoms typical for CBS deficiency at the time of diagnosis. All patients with the vascular manifestation were diagnosed only during the past decade. The median age of diagnosis was 29 years in the vascular, 11.5 years in the connective tissue and 4.5 years in the neurological group. The ratio of pyridoxine responsive to nonresponsive patients was higher in the vascular (4 of 5 patients) and connective tissue groups (6 of 7 patients) than in the neurological group (2 of 8 patients). Mutation c.833T>C (p.I278T) was frequent in patients with vascular (6/10 alleles) and connective tissue presentation (8/14 alleles), while it was not present in patients with neurological involvement (0/16 alleles). During the last decade, we have observed patients with homocystinuria diagnosed solely due to vascular events; this milder form of homocystinuria usually manifests at greater ages, has a high ratio of pyridoxine responsiveness/nonresponsiveness, and the mutation c.833T>C (p.I278T) is often present.
The homocysteine controversy
Authors: Smulders Yvo M. , Blom Henk J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMild to moderate hyperhomocysteinemia has been identified as a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease, independent from classical atherothrombotic risk factors. In the last decade, a number of large intervention trials using B vitamins have been performed and have shown no benefit of homocysteine‐lowering therapy in high‐risk patients. In addition, Mendelian randomization studies failed to convincingly demonstrate that a genetic polymorphism commonly associated with higher homocysteine levels (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C>T) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Together, these findings have cast doubt on the role of homocysteine in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, and the homocysteine hypothesis has turned into a homocysteine controversy. In this review, we attempt to find solutions to this controversy. First, we explain that the Mendelian randomization analyses have limitations that preclude final conclusions. Second, several characteristics of intervention trials limit interpretation and generalizability of their results. Finally, the possibility that homocysteine lowering is in itself beneficial but is offset by adverse side effects of B vitamins on atherosclerosis deserves serious attention. As we explain, such side effects may relate to direct adverse effects of the B‐vitamin regimen (in particular, the use of high‐dose folic acid) or to proinflammatory and proproliferative effects of B vitamins on advanced atherosclerotic lesions.