bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gewalt gegen Frauen und ihre psychischen Auswirkungen
Authors: Mossaheb Nilufar 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungWeltweit haben 35 % der Mädchen und Frauen körperliche und/oder sexuelle Gewalt erfahren. Strukturelle Ungleichbehandlung und hegemoniale Männlichkeitskonzepte bilden die Grundlage für Gewalt gegen Mädchen und Frauen. Frauen mit Gewalterfahrung entwickeln deutlich häufiger psychische Erkrankungen. Umgekehrt ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, lebenszeitlich Opfer häuslicher oder sexueller Gewalt zu werden, für Frauen mit psychischen Erkrankungen erhöht. Mental health professionals haben eine wichtige Rolle und Verantwortung hinsichtlich der Möglichkeiten zur Unterstützung bei – und zur Prävention von – Gewalt gegen Frauen. Eine Anamneseerhebung im psychiatrischen Kontext sollte geschlechtssensibel sein, Traumata berücksichtigen und routinemäßig ein Erfragen von Gewalterfahrungen beinhalten. Hierfür ist neben dem psychiatrischen Wissen auch eine Kenntnis über weitere Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Opfer notwendig als auch Unterstützungsmöglichkeit bei eigener Betroffenheit.
Diet color affects female preference for mate color in the guppy Poecilia reticulata
Authors: Kato Raihi , Karino Kenji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt has been argued that a preexisting sensory bias for food color influences female mate preference for male ornament color. However, the effect of diet color over a short period on female preference for color-polymorphic male ornaments has not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of diet color on female preference for mate color in the guppy Poecilia reticulata, with color-polymorphic ornaments such as orange and black spots. From an early age, females were reared on a diet with orange and black color, respectively. A dichotomous mate choice experiment using females was conducted between males with large orange spots and males with large black spots. Females fed on an orange-colored diet preferred males with large orange spots, whereas those fed on a black-colored diet preferred males with large black spots. Afterward, the diet color treatment for the females was reversed for seven days. This dietary color alteration resulted in the reversal of female preference for male color. These results suggest that diet color has a great influence on female preference for mate color, even within a short period, and environmental gradients may function to maintain color-polymorphic male ornaments in this species.
Deducing neighborhoods of classes from a fitted model
Authors: Gerharz Alexander , Groll Andreas , Schauberger Gunther 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this article, a new kind of interpretable machine learning method is presented, which can help to understand the partition of the feature space into predicted classes in a classification model using quantile shifts, and this way make the underlying statistical or machine learning model more trustworthy. Basically, real data points (or specific points of interest) are used and the changes of the prediction after slightly raising or decreasing specific features are observed. By comparing the predictions before and after the shifts, under certain conditions the observed changes in the predictions can be interpreted as neighborhoods of the classes with regard to the shifted features. Chord diagrams are used to visualize the observed changes. For illustration, this quantile shift method (QSM) is applied to an artificial example with medical labels and a real data example.
Enhancing multiple myeloma staging: a novel cell death risk model approach
Authors: Deng Zeyu , Zhu Hongkai , Yuan Zhaoshun , Zhang Rong , Wang Zhihua , Li Heng , Yin Le , Ruan Xueqin , Cheng Zhao , Li Ruijuan , Peng Hongling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe prognostication of survival trajectories in multiple myeloma (MM) patients presents a substantial clinical challenge. Leveraging transcriptomic and clinical profiles from an expansive cohort of 2,088 MM patients, sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas repositories, we applied a sophisticated nested lasso regression technique to construct a prognostic model predicated on 28 gene pairings intrinsic to cell death pathways, thereby deriving a quantifiable risk stratification metric. Employing a threshold of 0.15, we dichotomized the MM samples into discrete high-risk and low-risk categories. Notably, the delineated high-risk cohort exhibited a statistically significant diminution in survival duration, a finding which consistently replicated across both training and external validation datasets. The prognostic acumen of our cell death signature was further corroborated by TIME ROC analyses, with the model demonstrating robust performance, evidenced by AUC metrics consistently surpassing the 0.6 benchmark across the evaluated arrays. Further analytical rigor was applied through multivariate COX regression analyses, which ratified the cell death risk model as an independent prognostic determinant. In an innovative stratagem, we amalgamated this risk stratification with the established International Staging System (ISS), culminating in the genesis of a novel, refined ISS categorization. This tripartite classification system was subjected to comparative analysis against extant prognostic models, whereupon it manifested superior predictive precision, as reflected by an elevated C-index. In summation, our endeavors have yielded a clinically viable gene pairing model predicated on cellular mortality, which, when synthesized with the ISS, engenders an augmented prognostic tool that exhibits pronounced predictive prowess in the context of multiple myeloma.
Efficacy and survival of nivolumab treatment for recurrent/unresectable esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma: real-world clinical data from a large multi-institutional cohort
Authors: Makino Tomoki , Nakai Shigeto , Momose Kota , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Miyata Hiroshi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Motoori Masaaki , Kimura Yutaka , Ushimaru Yuki , Hirao Motohiro , Matsuyama Jin , Akamaru Yusuke , Kurokawa Yukinori , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Real-world clinical outcomes of and prognostic factors for nivolumab treatment for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate real-world outcomes of nivolumab monotherapy in association with relevant clinical parameters in recurrent/unresectable advanced ESCC patients.

Methods
This population-based multicenter cohort study included a total of 282 patients from 15 institutions with recurrent/unresectable advanced ESCC who received nivolumab as a second-line or later therapy between 2014 and 2022. Data, including the best overall response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), were retrospectively collected from these patients.

Results
Objective response and disease control rates were 17.0% and 47.9%, respectively. The clinical response to nivolumab treatment significantly correlated with development of overall immune-related adverse events (P < .0001), including rash (P < .0001), hypothyroidism (P = .03), and interstitial pneumonia (P = .004). Organ-specific best response rates were 20.6% in lymph nodes, 17.4% in lungs, 15.4% in pleural dissemination, and 13.6% in primary lesions. In terms of patient survival, the median OS and PFS was 10.9 and 2.4 months, respectively. Univariate analysis of OS revealed that performance status (PS; P < .0001), number of metastatic organs (P = .019), C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR; P < .0001), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (P = .001), and PMI (P = .024) were significant. Multivariate analysis further identified CAR [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.25, P = .0053)] in addition to PS (HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.23–2.22, P = .0008) as independent prognostic parameters.

Conclusions
CAR and PS before nivolumab treatment are useful in predicting long-term survival in recurrent/unresectable advanced ESCC patients with second-line or later nivolumab treatment.

Trial Registration
UMIN000040462
Climate modelling of the potential distribution in South Africa of two Zygogramma species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) released for the biological control of invasive weed Tithonia rotundifolia (Asteraceae: Heliantheae)
Authors: Mawela Khethani V. , Simelane David O. , Olckers Terence 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo Mexican leaf-feeding beetles, Zygogramma piceicollis (Stål) and Zygogramma signatipennis (Stål) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), were released in South Africa for the biological control of the invasive species Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.E. Blake (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). The aim of this study was to predict the potential of these beetles to establish and spread in South Africa, using MaxEnt climate modelling that incorporated locality data recorded in Mexico between 2008 and 2019 and data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Zygogramma signatipennis displayed a wider distribution than Z. piceicollis in Mexico, with some overlap between the two species. The average receiver operating characteristic curves obtained for Z. piceicollis and Z. signatipennis predicted high mean area under curve values of 0.910 and 0.885, respectively. Jackknife tests revealed that mean annual temperature had the highest gain when used in isolation for Z. piceicollis, compared with minimum precipitation of the driest month for Z. signatipennis. These tests also revealed that the highest and lowest contributing environmental variables for Z. piceicollis and Z. signatipennis were minimum precipitation of the driest month (37.9 and 46.7%) and maximum annual temperature of the warmest month (3.8 and 12.3%), respectively. MaxEnt modelling predicted that at least six of South Africa’s nine provinces provide regions that would support the proliferation of both beetles, with conditions best suited for Z. piceicollis. Despite predictions that both beetles should establish throughout the range of T. rotundifolia in South Africa, their realized establishment has so far been poor. Other factors, besides climate, including release size, site destructions, drought, soil moisture and texture could be constraining establishment.
Overexpression of a pearl millet WRKY transcription factor gene, PgWRKY74, in Arabidopsis retards shoot growth under dehydration and salinity-stressed conditions
Authors: Qazi Maimuna , Gupta Shashi Kumar , Takano Tetsuo , Tsugama Daisuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPearl millet (Cenchrus americanus) is a cereal crop that can tolerate high temperatures, drought, and low-fertility conditions where other crops lose productivity. However, genes regulating this ability are largely unknown. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate transcription of their target genes, regulate downstream biological processes, and thus are candidates for regulators of such tolerance of pearl millet. PgWRKY74 encodes a group IIc WRKY TF in pearl millet and is downregulated by drought. PgWRKY74 may have a role in drought tolerance. The objective of this study was to gain insights into the physiological and biochemical functions of PgWRKY74. Yeast one-hybrid and gel shift assays were performed to examine transcriptional activation potential and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding ability, respectively. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing PgWRKY74-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion gene were generated and tested for growth and stress-responsive gene expression under mannitol and NaCl-stressed conditions. A construct with PgWRKY74 enabled yeast reporter cells to survive on test media in the yeast one-hybrid assays. The electrophoretic mobility of DNA with putative WRKY TF-binding motifs was lower in the presence of a recombinant PgWRKY74 protein than its absence. The PgWRKY74-GFP-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited smaller rosette areas than did wild-type plants under mannitol-stressed and NaCl-stressed conditions, and exhibited weaker expression of RD29B, which is induced by the stress-related phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), under the mannitol-stressed condition. PgWRKY74 have transcriptional activation potential and DNA-binding ability, and can negatively regulate plant responses to mannitol and NaCl stresses, possibly by decreasing ABA levels or ABA sensitivity.
Boardroom Diversity and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from the UK Firms
Authors: Khatri Ishwar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study provides comprehensive evidence on the link between boardroom diversity and reduction of carbon emissions. Analyzing data from a sample of 344 UK-listed non-financial and unregulated firms over the period from 2005 to 2021, our findings indicate that task-oriented (i.e., tenure) and structural (i.e., insider/outsider) board diversity are important for reducing corporate carbon emissions while relational diversity does not appear to be useful. Furthermore, the study explores the role of external carbon governance, such as the Paris Agreement, on firms with weaker internal governance structures. The findings reveal that external governance plays a critical role in curbing emissions when internal governance is not effective. Overall, our research offers valuable insights for management and regulatory bodies on the interplay between various governance mechanisms internal and external to a firm. This knowledge could guide them in determining the right mix and degree of diversity in the boardroom to achieve environmental goals.
Did Facebook Cheat?: A Test Case of Antitrust Ethics
Authors: Goldwater Jonah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCiting corporate concentration and lax enforcement since the Reagan era, the Biden administration has declared a new era of aggressive antitrust prosecution, bringing antimonopoly actions against tech giants such as Meta, Google, and Amazon. But what’s so bad about monopoly or corporate concentration? The standard answer appeals to economic consequences, such as higher prices or deadweight losses. This paper offers a different framework. It argues monopolizing can be a form of cheating, which is a wrong that attaches to means, not just ends; an athlete who cheats but loses still does wrong. In particular, this paper argues that certain market-controlling strategies constitute a form of cheating I call ‘structural cheating,’ best illustrated by the metaphor of creating an unlevel playing field: rather than compete fairly on merits such as product quality and price, a firm that acquires rivals biases the market in its favor, thereby entrenching a dominant position that effectively forces would-be competitors to compete uphill. By framing (alleged) antitrust violations as cheating, while using the FTC’s lawsuit against Facebook (now Meta) as a test case, this paper provides a needed corrective to those citing market success as evidence of merit or skill. A further upshot is the structural cheating account better explains the distinctively problematic features of social media market concentration than Heath’s Market Failures Approach. More generally, this paper provides a normative lens for analyzing fair market competition and shows why it’s not only winning or losing that counts in capitalism, but how one plays the game.
Vertex stabilizers of locally s-arc transitive graphs of pushing up type
Authors: van Bon John , Parker Chris 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuppose that $$\Delta $$
Δ
is a thick, locally finite and locally s-arc transitive G-graph with $$s \ge 4$$

s
≥
4

. For a vertex z in $$\Delta $$
Δ
, let $$G_z$$

G
z

be the stabilizer of z and $$G_z^{[1]}$$

G
z

[
1
]

the kernel of the action of $$G_z$$

G
z

on the neighbours of z. We say $$\Delta $$
Δ
is of pushing up type provided there exist a prime p and a 1-arc (x, y) such that $$C_{G_z}(O_p(G_z^{[1]})) \le O_p(G_z^{[1]})$$

C

G
z

(

O
p

(

G
z

[
1
]

)

)

≤

O
p

(

G
z

[
1
]

)

for $$z \in \{x,y\}$$

z
∈
{
x
,
y
}

and $$O_p(G_x^{[1]}) \le O_p(G_y^{[1]})$$

O
p

(

G
x

[
1
]

)

≤

O
p

(

G
y

[
1
]

)

. We show that if $$\Delta $$
Δ
is of pushing up type, then $$O_p(G_x^{[1]})$$

O
p

(

G
x

[
1
]

)

is elementary abelian and $$G_x/G_x^{[1]}\cong X$$

G
x

/

G
x

[
1
]

≅
X

with $$ \textrm{PSL}_2(p^a)\le X \le \mathrm{P\Gamma L}_2(p^a)$$

PSL
2

(

p
a

)

≤
X
≤

P
Γ
L

2

(

p
a

)

.
Möbius function of the subgroup lattice of a finite group and Euler characteristic
Authors: Dalla Volta Francesca , Di Gravina Luca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Möbius function of the subgroup lattice of a finite group has been introduced by Hall and applied to investigate several questions. In this paper, we consider the Möbius function defined on an order ideal related to the lattice of the subgroups of an irreducible subgroup G of the general linear group $$\textrm{GL}(n,q)$$

GL
(
n
,
q
)

acting on the n-dimensional vector space $$V=\mathbb {F}_q^n$$

V
=

F
q
n

, where $$\mathbb {F}_q$$

F
q

is the finite field with q elements. We find a relation between this function and the Euler characteristic of two simplicial complexes $$\Delta _1$$

Δ
1

and $$\Delta _2$$

Δ
2

, the former raising from the lattice of the subspaces of V, the latter from the subgroup lattice of G.
Exploring Emotional Dysregulation and Avoidance with Caregivers as the Mechanisms Linking Social Communication Understanding and Aggressive Behaviours
Authors: Thompson Emma Louise , Gillespie-Smith Karri , Mair Ally Pax Arcari , Obsuth Ingrid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany autistic adolescents and young adults present with aggressive behaviours, which can be challenging for caregivers. The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms between social communication understanding and aggressive behaviours in autistic and non-autistic adolescents, specifically the role of emotional dysregulation and its impact on avoidance with caregivers. Caregivers of autistic (n = 275) and non-autistic adolescents (n = 123) completed standardised caregiver-report questionnaires measuring social communication understanding, emotional dysregulation, avoidance between the adolescent and caregiver and aggressive behaviours. A serial mediation analysis indicated that levels of social communication understanding were indirectly associated with aggressive behaviours. This occurred through increased emotional dysregulation, which may have led to increased avoidance between the autistic and non-autistic adolescents and their caregivers. These findings support a sequential process by which adolescents with low social communication understanding are more likely to behave aggressively through being emotionally dysregulated and the impact of this on the increased avoidance within the caregiver–adolescent dyad. This process was found within autistic and non-autistic adolescents, suggesting a mechanism across individuals with aggression. These findings indicate that interventions based on improving emotion regulation ability and responses between adolescents and their caregivers may aid in reducing aggressive behaviours in adolescents and young adults with lower social communication understanding.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Mothers’ Parenting Stress and Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior of Young Children on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Paynter Jessica , Heng Vanessa , Tucker Madonna , Malone Stephanie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigated longitudinal relations between internalizing, externalizing, and total behaviors that challenge in young children on the autism spectrum and mothers’ parenting stress. Participants included 93 mothers of children on the autism spectrum aged 27.89–65.84 months, who completed questionnaires on maternal parenting stress, and children’s internalizing (anxiety), externalizing (disruptive), and total behaviors that challenge. Data were collected on early intervention program intake and approximately one year later. Cross-sectional findings indicated small to medium effect size associations between internalizing and externalizing behavior and parenting stress. However, cross-lagged structural equation models found that neither internalizing nor externalizing behavior predicted later parenting stress, nor the reverse. Significant stability effects were found for measures of child internalizing (anxiety), externalizing (disruptive), and total behaviors, and parenting stress. Relations between behaviors that challenge and parenting stress over time were non-significant in our models that controlled for stability of behaviors and parenting stress over time. Implications for research and clinical practice, in understanding and targeting the persistence of behaviors that challenge and parenting stress, are discussed.
A synergistic approach to optimizing the performance of a concentrating solar segmented variable area leg thermoelectric generator using numerical methods and neural networks
Authors: Alghamdi Hisham , Maduabuchi Chika , Albaker Abdullah , Alatawi Ibrahim , Alsenani Theyab R. , Alsafran Ahmed S. , AlAqil Mohammed , Alkhedher Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents an optimized design for segmented variable area leg thermoelectric modules using finite element methods and Bayesian regularized neural networks. We explored the impact of geometry and thermal parameters on module performance using ANSYS software, identifying optimal parameters for power output and efficiency. Key findings revealed the higher influence of geometric parameters and confirmed the advantages of segmented thermoelectric generators for high-temperature applications like concentrated solar systems. With this optimization, power output and efficiency of the module increased by 875% and 165%, respectively, under 25 Suns. To refine the optimization process, a Bayesian regularized neural network was utilized, proving effective in predicting module performance with a low mean squared error and high coefficient of determination. This research provides important insights into high-performance thermoelectric modules for sustainable energy applications, demonstrating the significant role of advanced computational methods in energy solutions.
A constrained maximum likelihood approach to developing well-calibrated models for predicting binary outcomes
Authors: Cao Yaqi , Ma Weidong , Zhao Ge , McCarthy Anne Marie , Chen Jinbo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe added value of candidate predictors for risk modeling is routinely evaluated by comparing the performance of models with or without including candidate predictors. Such comparison is most meaningful when the estimated risk by the two models are both unbiased in the target population. Very often data for candidate predictors are sourced from nonrepresentative convenience samples. Updating the base model using the study data without acknowledging the discrepancy between the underlying distribution of the study data and that in the target population can lead to biased risk estimates and therefore an unfair evaluation of candidate predictors. To address this issue assuming access to a well-calibrated base model, we propose a semiparametric method for model fitting that enforces good calibration. The central idea is to calibrate the fitted model against the base model by enforcing suitable constraints in maximizing the likelihood function. This approach enables unbiased assessment of model improvement offered by candidate predictors without requiring a representative sample from the target population, thus overcoming a significant practical challenge. We study theoretical properties for model parameter estimates, and demonstrate improvement in model calibration via extensive simulation studies. Finally, we apply the proposed method to data extracted from Penn Medicine Biobank to inform the added value of breast density for breast cancer risk assessment in the Caucasian woman population.