bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Ligand Properties of Silsesquioxane‐Caged Phosphite T7Ph7P
Authors: Hunsicker Marc , Krebs Johannes , Zimmer Michael , Morgenstern Bernd , Huch Volker , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of the phosphorus‐capped heptaphenylsilsesquioxane T7Ph7P is reported. We show that, unlike previous examples, it readily forms Lewis acid‐base adducts with boranes of different steric demand and the FeCO4 fragment. All complexes were characterized by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy in solution and the solid state. The molecular structures of the adducts with BPh3 and B(C6F5)3 were determined from XRD suitable single crystals. The relative conformation of the Ph and C6F5 rings in T7Ph7P−B(C6F5)3 suggests favorable π‐interactions, stabilizing the adducts to such a degree that attempts to activate H2 or CO2 were unsuccessful.
Ready-to-Record Cells for Kinetic Screening of VGICs
Authors: Logette Emmanuelle , Ranjan Rajnish 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVoltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) are integral membrane proteins crucial for transmitting electrical signals in excitable cells. Understanding the kinetics of these ion channels requires conducting patch-clamp experiments using genetically modified cell lines that express a single type of ion channel gene. However, this process relies on the continuous maintenance of cell lines to ensure an adequate supply of sample cells for patch-clamp experiments. Advancements in automated patch-clamp methods have enabled researchers to significantly increase the number of patch-clamped cells per experiment, from just a few cells to as many as 384 cells. Despite this progress, the manual task of preparing the cell samples remains a significant bottleneck in the kinetic screening of VGICs. Here we describe a method to address this challenge by generating ready-to-record (RTR) VGIC-expressing cells that can be frozen and stored separately from patch-clamp experiments. This decoupling of the cell sample preparation process from the patch-clamp experiments offers a streamlined approach to studying VGICs on manual or an automated patch-clamp system.
Use of Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique for Studies of Inter-domain Interactions in Ion Channels
Authors: Tiwari Purushottam B. , Kamgar-Dayhoff Pareesa , Tiwari Prakriti , McKillop Maria I. , Brelidze Tinatin I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIon channels are transmembrane proteins essential for cellular functions and are important drug targets. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a powerful technique for investigating protein–protein and protein–small molecule ligand interactions. SPR has been underutilized for studies of ion channels, even though it could provide a wealth of information on the mechanisms of ion channel regulation and aid in ion channel drug discovery. Here we provide a detailed description of the use of SPR technology for investigating inter-domain interactions in KCNH potassium-selective and voltage-gated ion channels.
Evaluation of Assessment Models for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Permafrost Areas
Authors: Wang Yan , Shan Wei , Guo Ying , Zhang Chengcheng , Liu Shuai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChina's permafrost regions are affected by global warming and the thawing of permafrost, and the occurrence of landslide disasters has become more and more frequent, which makes the evaluation of the susceptibility to geologic hazards in China's permafrost regions is an urgent work to be carried out. Most of the existing geohazard susceptibility models have fewer test cases in the permafrost regions. Twelve evaluation factors, such as altitude, slope, slope direction, land use, and lithology, were selected to draw landslide hazard susceptibility maps by using three commonly used landslide susceptibility assessment models, including the information value model, the frequency ratio model and the random forest model, which can be implemented in GIS, taking the Lesser Khingan Mountains area located in the eastern part of permafrost region of northeast China as the study area. The applicability of the above commonly used landslide susceptibility assessment models in the permafrost regions is carried out by fieldwork and comparing the results of and model simulation. The Random Forest Model was also used to assess the importance of the factors that were adopted and to judge the degree of their influence on landslide development. The results show that the Information Value Model has a better applicability in the permafrost region. However, due to factors such as climate warming and permafrost degradation, the accuracy of the prediction results obtained by applying the existing commonly used landslide susceptibility assessment models in permafrost regions are still in need to be improved. Finally, thawing and degradation of permafrost will play a non-negligible role in influencing the occurrence of landslides in permafrost regions.
The Slope Monitoring Using Embedded System with Optical-Thermal Image Fusion and Machine Learning
Authors: Chung Chih-Chung , Chen Bo-Chi , Tseng Te-Wei , Lee Yun-Tzu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTaiwan is at the junction of tectonic plates, with high mountainous terrain and abundant rainfall due to the rich moisture of the subtropical monsoon zone, which makes the already dangerous slopes even more unstable. By applying the digital camera measurement approach, with its moderate installation cost, high security, and mobility, it is possible to capture and monitor the hillside over an extended period, guaranteeing its stability. Photogrammetry is a recent technology that has gained popularity in many fields. Image analysis, achieved by capturing photographs, is a growing trend. It offers a cost-effective way of transmitting information in automated Internet of Things (IoT) systems, reducing human and financial resources. Therefore, this study aims to utilize close-range photogrammetry to analyze both 2D and 3D image data. Besides, this study encompasses thermal images, enabling researchers to evaluate observed objects' temperature differences quickly. Thus, this study aims to superimpose temperature information from thermal images onto optical images, in order to analyze slope information. It focuses on creating on-site cameras that use both optical and thermal imaging, building a three-dimensional point cloud using optical systems, investigating image displacements, and tracking unstable areas using thermal imaging. Additionally, the research explores the potential of AI interpretation to aid in this process. The laboratory and the preliminary field test support the feasibility of the proposed system and interpretation methods.
Introducing Japanese Landslide Warning and Evacuation System to Sri Lanka: Field Survey of Social Aspect in the Arayanake Area
Authors: Fujita Kumiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe central highland in Sri Lanka has a landslide-prone geo-hydrological condition. In addition, Sri Lanka has extreme rainfalls in two monsoon seasons, and most of the landslides occur during two monsoon seasons. Landslides in the central highland had been isolated events. However, the area has been developed for agriculture and human settlements, a series of landslides occurred in the mid-1980s. Since the topography, such as mountains with steep slopes and weather, such as high precipitation, are similar in Japan and Sri Lanka, similar landslide phenomena have been seen. One of the common landslide phenomena is rain-induced rapid and long-travelling landslides (RRLL). Landslide disaster risk reduction technologies have recently been developed in Sri Lanka, and foreign technologies have been introduced. Early warning and evacuation using a hazard map is a major system for landslide disaster risk reduction both in Japan and Sri Lanka. Japan has already developed and used the early warning and evacuation system using hazard maps. Since the system has been developed based on Japan’s socio-economic background, it is used successfully in Japan. Thus, when this Japanese technology is used in Sri Lanka, in addition to the engineers’ availability to master technologies, local people’s availability to accept the technology is also examined. In this research, the social background for introducing Japan’s early warning system in Sri Lanka is analyzed based on the field survey at Arayanake. The questionnaire survey and interview were implemented in January 2023, and there were 50 respondents. The survey showed some essential conditions to be improved for the successful warning and evacuation.
Interpretation and Mapping for the Prediction of Sites at Risk of Landslide Disasters: From Aerial Photography to Detection by DTMs
Authors: Miyagi Toyohiko , Ikeda Koji , Ishikawa Haruna , Doan Loi , Thanh Nguyen Kim , Van Tien Pham , Li Yuxin , Zhang Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBy grasping the slope topography three-dimensionally and typifying and mapping the landform features, it is possible to visualize the areas at risk of landslide-induced disasters. This effort began with the interpretation of aerial photographs, and, in recent years, has shown great development with the advancement of remote sensing technology. In this chapter, we introduce the characteristics that can be extracted from remote sensing data that can be used to identify potential areas exposed to mass movement processes and landslide-induced disasters. In addition, we created a manual for landslide recognition by aerial photographs, AW3D-based wide-area maps, and specific landslide microtopography maps, which can be freely used to identify landslide landforms.
Mud-Mark-Based Estimations of Mass-Wasting Processes Caused by the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake, Japan
Authors: Nomura Fumihiko , Konagai Kazuo , Aftabur Rahman Md. , Tajima Yoshimitsu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA 7.2 Magnitude (Moment Magnitude Mw: 6.8) earthquake occurred in the south inland of Iwate prefecture at 8:43 JST on June 14, 2008. Its epicenter was about 10 km northeast of Mt. Kurikoma, an active Nasu volcanic belt composite volcano whose lava flows from several eruption centers covering underlying crumbly secondary volcaniclastic deposits. Thus, the earthquake caused over 3000 mass-wasting events in its epicentral area, encompassing the Kurikoma Volcano’s flank on the hanging side of the seismic fault. Though these mass-wasting events were blamed as the primary cause of deaths in this earthquake, they left tremendous marks of soil deformations and tsunami (seiche) runups along a dam reservoir. The earthquake thus provided unique opportunities to gain insights into the dynamics of the mass-wasting events. The traces of two highly significant mass-wasting events, namely a debris flow that buried the Komano-Yu hot spring inn and a landslide mass of about 70 million m3 that induced a tsunami in the reservoir of Aratozawa dam, were highlighted in this paper. This paper reviews the findings from our observations in the referred papers. It also compares our findings with the other researchers’ inferences from different approaches.
Increasing the Local Road Network Resilience from Natural Hazards in Municipalities in Serbia
Authors: Abolmasov Biljana , Marjanović Miloš , Stanković Ranka , Đurić Uroš , Vulović Nikola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work is exampling a strategy for increasing climate resilience on local roads infrastructure in the Republic of Serbia, under the World Bank project framework. Methodological approach is briefly described as well as related mobile and web applications, labelled MaPLoRDs, which offers sustainable solution for resolving common issues encountered in road management at local, municipality level. It utilizes field and spatial data modelling as separate procedures which can be coupled or produce outputs independently, with minimal interaction with the operating staff. Collected data are translated into scores of exposure to main types of hazard (landslides, rockfalls, floods and flash floods) followed by vulnerability and criticality scores allocated per each road link. Final risk calculation allows ranking of highly impacted links that can be prioritized during subsequent road investment planning, enabling more rational budgeting. The concept is tested on two neighbouring pilot areas, the City of Kraljevo and the Aleksandrovac Municipality in Serbia, which are very different in terms of capacity, equipment and experience in dealing with natural hazards. Initial investment simulations for both pilots imply that MaPLoRds is a powerful tool for undertaking the first steps toward climate resilient roads.
Observation of Seismic Ground Motion and Pore Water Pressure in Lineated Valley Fill of Wakayama, Southwest Japan
Authors: Matsunami Koji , Sassa Kyoji , Doan Loi , Weerasinghe Ranjan , Munasinghe Tania 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe performed in-situ observations of seismic ground motion, pore-water pressure, and ground-water level at lineated valley fill (LVF) in Wakayama city, southwest Japan, from 2004 to 2008. In Wakayama city and its surrounding area, felt earthquakes often occur with epicenters in the northwestern part of the Kii Peninsula and the Nankai Trough off the coast of the Kii Peninsula. We obtained simultaneous observation records of surface ground motion and pore-water pressure from several small- to medium-sized earthquakes. The excess pore-water pressure was clearly observed during a medium-sized earthquake with magnitude Mj 4.5. From the detailed analysis of surface ground motion, we detected a long-period pulse, although it was usually hidden behind oscillating short-period components with large amplitudes. The strong shaking induced ground tilting motion, causing a step-like acceleration change in the seismometer pendulum. Although no ground deformation could be confirmed through visual observation during the earthquake, the in-situ instrumental observation revealed ground tilting motion. Theoretical long-period pulses were synthesized assuming models of ground tilting motion during an earthquake. From comparison of the theoretical model with the observed long-period pulse, the permanent tilt is of an order of 10−6 degree down nearly toward the direction of the valley line.
Global Warming May Accelerate Submarine Landslides in the Oceans -Possible Disaster Chain Reactions-
Authors: Kitazato Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate changes give affection to both atmosphere and hydrosphere. It is appeared in the form of rising both air and water temperatures on the Earth. The climate change introduces vigorous meteorological disasters in the world, such as super storms, heavy rain precipitations along linear rain belts, tornadoes and others on lands. Oceanic environments also should be affected from the climate changes. I try to figure out possible submarine hazards that may be increased in correlate to climate changes. The hazardous event may take place in the shape of disaster chain reactions as cascades.
Landslide Hazard Evaluation of a Large Waste Landfill in Bogotá City
Authors: Lozano Juan , Ávila Guillermo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Doña Juana waste landfill receives solid urban waste from about nine million people living in Bogotá and several nearby municipalities. This article describes the characteristics of this landfill which has suffered some important landslides with serious environmental effects, shows the main geotechnical studies carried out for the characterization of the materials, analyzes the operation and monitoring processes, especially the pore pressures generated by leachate and the results of the landslide hazard evaluation in terms of the probability of failure for static and pseudo-static conditions.
Emerging Seismicity Trends Linked to Catastrophic Landslides Behavior in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dias A. A. Virajh , Gunathilake A. A. Jagath , Sassa Kyoji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSri Lanka was historically not known to be situated in a seismic hotspot. However, in 2022, the island nation experienced seven earthquakes, and in the past few months of 2023, nine seismic tremors have occurred. This marks a significant increase as typically 2–3 seismic events were reported annually. As the seismic activity in the region gains attention, it becomes imperative to understand how these seismic trends influence the stability of fragment rock slopes and nearby deposits. This paper investigates the emerging seismicity trends on the interpretation of major landslides and understanding catastrophic landslides settings in hill country. The outcomes of this study demonstrates that seismicity around Sri Lanka cannot be no longer ignored in slopes stability and should include seismic hazards assessment. Such approach will ultimately contributing to the development of effective mitigation strategies for enhancing public safety and safeguarding critical infrastructure in seismic-prone areas.
No Future? Age and Ageing in the “Ageing Society”
Authors: Lang Frieder R. , Lessenich Stephan , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe diversity of age and ageing and the experience of old age was a central concern of the project Ageing as Future. From images of old age to provision for the future and actions over time, there is a consistent indication that age and aging can be best analyzed and understood related to specific life contexts.
Age(ing) as Future: Future of Age(ing)
Authors: Lang Frieder R. , Lessenich Stephan , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFindings from the Ageing as Future project prove that variability and vulnerability are the main characteristics of old age. The chapter discusses the project’s findings concerning the role of vulnerability of old age as a shared framework within which social diversity and ambivalence of aging manifests itself. It is suggested that based on such insights, it is time to understand and negotiate old age as what it is: another phase of life, different from previous ones.
Strategic Action Line LI7: Digital Platforms, Modelling, AI, Cybersecurity
Authors: Pontrandolfo Pierpaolo , Colombo Guido , Fornasiero Rosanna , Vistoli Maria Cristina , Messina Angelo , Zanichelli Francesco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to describe the strategic action line related to digital technologies for production processes and systems (LI7). In particular, this chapter proposes research and innovation priorities aimed at innovative digital architectures for the monitoring, control and management of manufacturing activities and related assets, modelling new products/services and production processes, use of Al, Big data and adequate Cybersecurity systems. More specifically, the research and innovation priorities are based on the assumption that criteria need to be defined for the management and transformation of raw production data into strategic information for decision makers, identifying the information to be collected from each digital access point by means of suitable enabling technologies and then delivered as appropriate. Digital platforms and cybersecurity also play a significant role in the definition of dynamic supply chain models.
Interaction of NF-κB and FOSL1 drives glioma stemness
Authors: Ramar Vanajothi , Guo Shanchun , Hudson Breanna , Khedri Azam , Guo Alyssa A. , Li Jason , Liu Mingli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor; GBM’s inevitable recurrence suggests that glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) allow these tumors to persist. Our previous work showed that FOSL1, transactivated by the STAT3 gene, functions as a tumorigenic gene in glioma pathogenesis and acts as a diagnostic marker and potential drug target in glioma patients. Accumulating evidence shows that STAT3 and NF-κB cooperate to promote the development and progression of various cancers. The link between STAT3 and NF-κB suggests that NF-κB can also transcriptionally regulate FOSL1 and contribute to gliomagenesis. To investigate downstream molecules of FOSL1, we analyzed the transcriptome after overexpressing FOSL1 in a PDX-L14 line characterized by deficient FOSL1 expression. We then conducted immunohistochemical staining for FOSL1 and NF-κB p65 using rabbit polyclonal anti-FOSL1 and NF-κB p65 in glioma tissue microarrays (TMA) derived from 141 glioma patients and 15 healthy individuals. Next, mutants of the human FOSL1 promoter, featuring mutations in essential binding sites for NF-κB were generated using a Q5 site-directed mutagenesis kit. Subsequently, we examined luciferase activity in glioma cells and compared it to the wild-type FOSL1 promoter. Then, we explored the mutual regulation between NF-κB signaling and FOSL1 by modulating the expression of NF-κB or FOSL1. Subsequently, we assessed the activity of FOSL1 and NF-κB. To understand the role of FOSL1 in cell growth and stemness, we conducted a CCK-8 assay and cell cycle analysis, assessing apoptosis and GSC markers, ALDH1, and CD133 under varying FOSL1 expression conditions. Transcriptome analyses of downstream molecules of FOSL1 show that NF-κB signaling pathway is regulated by FOSL1. NF-κB p65 protein expression correlates to the expression of FOSL1 in glioma patients, and both are associated with glioma grades. NF-κB is a crucial transcription factor activating the FOSL1 promoter in glioma cells. Mutual regulation between NF-κB and FOSL1 contributes to glioma tumorigenesis and stemness through promoting G1/S transition and inhibiting apoptosis. Therefore, the FOSL1 molecular pathway is functionally connected to NF-κB activation, enhances stemness, and is indicative that FOSL1 may potentially be a novel GBM drug target.
Analysing and organising human communications for AI fairness assessment
Authors: Dankloff Mirthe , Skoric Vanja , Sileno Giovanni , Ghebreab Sennay , Ossenbruggen Jacco van , Beauxis-Aussalet Emma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlgorithms used in the public sector, e.g., for allocating social benefits or predicting fraud, often require involvement from multiple stakeholders at various phases of the algorithm’s life-cycle. This paper focuses on the communication issues between diverse stakeholders that can lead to misinterpretation and misuse of algorithmic systems. Ethnographic research was conducted via 11 semi-structured interviews with practitioners working on algorithmic systems in the Dutch public sector, at local and national levels. With qualitative coding analysis, we identify key elements of the communication processes that underlie fairness-related human decisions. More specifically, we analyze the division of roles and tasks, the required skills, and the challenges perceived by diverse stakeholders. Three general patterns emerge from the coding analysis: (1) Policymakers, civil servants, and domain experts are less involved compared to developers throughout a system’s life-cycle. This leads to developers taking on the role of decision-maker and policy advisor, while they potentially miss the required skills. (2) End-users and policy-makers often lack the technical skills to interpret a system’s output, and rely on actors having a developer role for making decisions concerning fairness issues. (3) Citizens are structurally absent throughout a system’s life-cycle. This may lead to unbalanced fairness assessments that do not include key input from relevant stakeholders. We formalize the underlying communication issues within such networks of stakeholders and introduce the phase-actor-role-task-skill (PARTS) model. PARTS can both (i) represent the communication patterns identified in the interviews, and (ii) explicitly outline missing elements in communication patterns such as actors who miss skills or collaborators for their tasks, or tasks that miss qualified actors. The PARTS model can be extended to other use cases and used to analyze and design the human organizations responsible for assessing fairness in algorithmic systems. It can be further extended to explore communication issues in other use cases, design potential solutions, and organize accountability with a common vocabulary.