bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Studies of Bi2(FexAl1–x)4O9 Solid Solutions (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) Prepared by a Combined Mechanochemical/Thermal Synthesis
Authors: Da Silva Klebson L. , Šepelák Vladimir , Paesano Andrea , Litterst F. Jochen , Becker Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBi2(FexAl1–x)4O9 solid solutions with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 prepared by mechanochemical processing of α‐Fe2O3/Bi2O3/Al2O3 mixtures and subsequent annealing were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and EDX. A Rietveld refinement was made for the whole range of the solid solutions. The structure is orthorhombic with space group Pbam. Mössbauer spectroscopy reveals paramagnetic behavior for Bi2(FexAl1–x)4O9 with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 at room temperature and indicates significant distortion of the octahedral iron coordination for aluminum‐rich mixed crystals. The occupancy of octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated sites was determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy and Rietveld analysis. For x ≥ 0.5, the Mössbauer measurements as well as the Rietveld refinements show an almost random distribution of aluminum and iron cations over the two non‐equivalent sites, whereas for x < 0.5, a slight preference of iron for the octahedral sites is observed.
Stadtregion als kooperatives Netzwerk
Authors: Krau Ingrid 
Published: April 2010

With the partial project for Munich entitled “Mobility and Communication — Strategies and Visions for the City and the Region” in the framework of the combined project “Future Munich 2030” the attempt was made to understand mobility and communication as integrative forces of urban society and as generators for urban society and urban culture.
With special regard to Munich, whose society is characterised by varied Interactive discourses and an individual public urban culture, the question of the urban relationship in the context of the future city region has gained a particular significance.
Phase II Clinical Trial of Postoperative S‐1 Monotherapy for Gastric Cancer Patients with Free Intraperitoneal Cancer Cells Detected by Real‐Time RT‐PCR
Authors: Ito Seiji , Kodera Yasuhiro , Mochizuki Yoshinari , Kojima Taiki , Nakanishi Hayao , Yamamura Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously reported the molecular detection of peritoneal micrometastases in patients with gastric cancer by quantifying carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA in the peritoneal washes. Patients with CEA mRNA exceeding a cutoff value have a significant risk for developing peritoneal carcinomatosis, but optimal treatment for this population remains unknown.MethodsCEA mRNA (+) patients with gastric cancer were treated postoperatively with S‐1 monotherapy. Overall survival, the primary endpoint of this phase II trial, was compared with the historical control, which is comprised of CEA mRNA (+) patients who were not given postoperative chemotherapy.ResultsA total of 32 patients with CEA mRNA (+) gastric cancer were enrolled. Twelve patients (37.5%) relapsed; ten showed peritoneal relapse. Three‐year survival was similar between the study population and the historical control (67.3% vs. 67.1%, respectively).ConclusionsS‐1 monotherapy, which significantly reduced risk for recurrence in stage II/III gastric carcinoma in another phase III trial, seems not to be as effective in eradicating free cancer cells in the abdominal cavity.
The influence of habitat provisioning: use of earthworm burrows by the terrestrial salamander, Plethodon cinereus
Authors: Cáceres‐Charneco Rita I. , Ransom Tami S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractStudies examining the influence of habitat provisioning by one species on the behavior of other species can provide key insights regarding impacts of ecosystem engineers on the availability of resources to other species. More specifically, an organism's use of additional habitat provided by ecosystem engineers may affect the interpretation of observational or demographic data. We chose to examine the possible influence of earthworms, as ecosystem engineers, on the behavior of terrestrial salamanders, common forest vertebrates in North America. We conducted two experiments in microcosms to examine whether the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris acted as an ecosystem engineer by providing additional habitat (burrows) for Plethodon cinereus, a common woodland salamander. We also examined whether the behavioral changes of the non‐burrowing, fossorial P. cinereus differed across age classes. Adults and juveniles responded similarly, with both adults and juveniles found under cover objects more often when earthworms were absent and using earthworm burrows when available. Our field data supported our experimental data in that greater numbers of earthworms on field plots were associated with a lower proportion of cover objects being occupied by salamanders (i.e., salamanders were likely underground). We found no differences in the response of adults and juveniles to the presence of earthworms. By providing underground habitat for a common terrestrial amphibian, the presence of earthworms may impact demographic studies on salamanders and conclusions drawn from those studies regarding aboveground faunal communities in eastern North America.
Road impacts a tipping point for wildlife populations in threatened landscapes
Authors: Roger Erin , Laffan Shawn W. , Ramp Daniel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe conservation of wildlife populations living adjacent to roads is gaining international recognition as a worldwide concern. Populations living in road‐impacted environments are influenced by spatial parameters including the amount and arrangement of suitable habitat. Similarly, heterogeneity in threatening processes can act at a variety of spatial scales and be crucial in affecting population persistence. Common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) are considered both widespread and abundant throughout their eastern Australian continental distribution. They nevertheless face many threats, primarily human induced. As well as impacts from disease and predation by introduced species, high roadside fatality rates on many rural roads are frequently reported. We parameterized a model for common wombat population viability analysis within a 750‐km2 area of the northwestern corner of Kosciuszko National Park in New South Wales, Australia, and tested its sensitivity to changes in the values of basic parameters. We then assessed the relative efficiency of various mitigation measures by examining the combined impact from roads, disease and predation on wombat subpopulation persistence in the area. We constructed a stage‐structured and spatially explicit model incorporating estimates of survival and fecundity parameters for each of the identified subpopulations using RAMAS GIS. Estimates of current threatening processes suggest mitigating road‐kill is the most effective management solution. Results highlight the importance of recognizing the interplay between various threats and how their combination has the capacity to drive local depletion events.
The Effects of Ezetimibe and/or Orlistat on Triglyceride‐Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism in Obese Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Authors: Nakou E. S. , Filippatos T. D. , Agouridis A. P. , Kostara C. , Bairaktari E. T. , Elisaf M. S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe investigated the factors influencing triglycerides (TG) reduction during ezetimibe, alone or combined with orlistat, administration. Eighty‐six obese hypercholesterolemic subjects were prescribed a low‐fat diet and were randomized to ezetimibe (E group), orlistat (O group), or both (OE group) for 6 months. Plasma TG and apolipoprotein (apo) C‐III reduction was significantly greater in the combination group compared with monotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed that in E group apoC‐III reduction and baseline TG levels were independently positively correlated, whereas baseline apoC‐II levels were negatively correlated, with TG lowering. In OE group apoC‐III reduction was the only independent contributor to TG reduction.
Fatty Acids Profile of Alphitonia neocaledonica and Grevillea exul var. rubiginosa Seed Oils, Occurrence of an ω5 Series
Authors: Bombarda I. , Zongo C. , McGill C. R. , Doumenq P. , Fogliani B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis is the first report of the chemical composition of Alphitonia neocaledonica (AN) and Grevillea exul var. rubiginosa (GER) seed oils. Using retention indices and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, an unusual family of unsaturated ω5‐fatty acids has been identified. These include 14:1, 16:1, 18:1 and 20:1. Identification of the unsaturated fatty acids was confirmed by formation of DMOX derivatives which gave characteristic and easily interpreted mass spectra. DMDS adducts were used to identify the positions of double bonds in the monounsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids were 16:1ω5 (45.6%) and 18:1ω9 (20.9%) for GER and 18:2 (23.6%) and 18:3 (20.4%) for AN. The total ω5‐monoenes were 63.4 and 21.5% for GER and AN, respectively. The seed oils of AN and GER can be considered as a good source of ω5‐monoenes, especially for GER. The occurrence of the ω5‐monoenes in Alphitonia neocaledonica can at present be considered as an exception within the Rhamnaceae family. Except for Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis, no species of this family has been described with a broad profile of ω5‐monoene fatty acids.
Selecting informative food items for compiling food-frequency questionnaires: comparison of procedures
Authors: Molag Marja L. , de Vries Jeanne H. M. , Duif Niels , Ocké Marga C. , Dagnelie Pieter C. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , van't Veer Pieter 
Published: April 2010

The authors automated the selection of foods in a computer system that compiles and processes tailored FFQ. For the selection of food items, several methods are available. The aim of the present study was to compare food lists made byMOM2, which identifies food items with highest between-person variance in intake of the nutrients of interest without taking other items into account, with food lists made by forward regression. The nameMOM2refers to the variance, which is the second moment of the nutrient intake distribution. Food items were selected for the nutrients of interest from 2 d of recorded intake in 3524 adults aged 25–65 years. Food lists by 80 %MOM2were compared to those by 80 % explained variance for regression on differences between the number and type of food items, and were evaluated on (1) the percentage of explained variance and (2) percentage contribution to population intake computed for the selected items on the food list.MOM2selected the same food items for Ca, a few more for fat and vitamin C, and a few less for carbohydrates and dietary fibre than forward regression. Food lists byMOM2based on 80 % of variance in intake covered 75–87 % of explained variance for different nutrients by regression and contributed 53–75 % to total population intake. Concluding, for developing food lists of FFQ, it appears sufficient to select food items based on the contribution to variance in nutrient intake without taking covariance into account.
Application of a kinetic model to describe phosphorus metabolism in pigs fed a diet with a microbial phytase
Authors: DIAS R. S. , LOPEZ S. , MOREIRA J. A. , SCHULIN-ZEUTHEN M. , VITTI D. M. S. S. , KEBREAB E. , FRANCE J. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYThe objective of the current study was to apply the Vitti–Dias model to investigate phosphorus (P) metabolism in growing pigs fed a diet supplemented with microbial phytase. The basal diet contained maize, defatted rice bran, vegetable oil, soybean meal, limestone, salt and a vitamin and mineral mix. There was no inorganic P in the diet and phytase was added at levels of 253, 759, 1265 and 1748 phytase units (PU)/kg of feed. The compartmental model included four pools of P: (1) gut lumen, (2) plasma, (3) bone and (4) soft tissue. A single dose of32P was administered, and specific radioactivity was measured in plasma, faeces, bone and soft tissue (muscle, heart, liver and kidney) at different times post-dosing for calculation of P flows between pools. Total P absorbed showed a negative relationship with total P excreted in faeces and was strongly correlated with bone P retention, suggesting that absorbed P was channelled to bone to address its physiological growth. Average efficiency of metabolic utilization of absorbed P was estimated to be 0·94, with 0·52 g/g of total net P balance being accreted in bone and the rest in soft tissue (including muscle and some vital organs). The Vitti–Dias model provided suitable representation of P interchange between compartments (in particular, flows between gut and plasma and partitioning of available P between bone and soft tissue), resulting in estimates of P flows comparable with values calculated from balance data.
Grandparental investment: Past, present, and future
Authors: Coall David A. , Hertwig Ralph 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhat motivates grandparents to their altruism? We review answers from evolutionary theory, sociology, and economics. Sometimes in direct conflict with each other, these accounts of grandparental investment exist side-by-side, with little or no theoretical integration. They all account for some of the data, and none account for all of it. We call for a more comprehensive theoretical framework of grandparental investment that addresses its proximate and ultimate causes, and its variability due to lineage, values, norms, institutions (e.g., inheritance laws), and social welfare regimes. This framework needs to take into account that the demographic shift to low fecundity and mortality in economically developed countries has profoundly altered basic parameters of grandparental investment. We then turn to the possible impact of grandparental acts of altruism, and examine whether benefits of grandparental care in industrialized societies may manifest in terms of less tangible dimensions, such as the grandchildren's cognitive and verbal ability, mental health, and well-being. Although grandparents in industrialized societies continue to invest substantial amounts of time and money in their grandchildren, we find a paucity of studies investigating the influence that this investment has on grandchildren in low-risk family contexts. Under circumstances of duress – for example, teenage pregnancy or maternal depression – there is converging evidence that grandparents can provide support that helps to safeguard their children and grandchildren against adverse risks. We conclude by discussing the role that grandparents could play in what has been referred to as Europe's demographic suicide.
The evolutionary versus socio-economic view on grandparenthood: What are the grandparents' underlying motivations?
Authors: Pashos Alexander 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCoall & Hertwig (C&H) give an ambitious review about the broad range of grandparenting literature from the perspective of different disciplines. They aim to show, how evolutionary theory, sociology, and economics can mutually enrich each other. However, the differences between the evolutionary and the socio-economic perspective should be more clearly pointed out, because they usually deal with different research questions. Grandparents' well-being could be divided into its underlying components.
A Return to the Self: Indians and Greeks on Life as Art and Philosophical Therapy
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: April 2010

Of the many interrelated themes in Pierre Hadot's Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, two strike me as having a particular centrality. First, there is the theme of attention to the present instant. Hadot describes this as the ‘key to spiritual exercises’ (p.84), and he finds the idea encapsulated in a quotation from Goethe's Second Faust: ‘Only the present is our happiness’ (p.217). The second theme is that of viewing the world from above: ‘philosophy signified the attempt to raise up mankind from individuality and particularity to universality and objectivity’ (p.242). Insofar as both attention to the present and raising oneself to an objective view imply the mastery of individual anxiety, passion and desire, they belong to a single conception, that conception being one of a ‘return to the self’:
Thus, all spiritual exercises are, fundamentally, a return to the self, in which the self is liberated from the state of alienation into which it has been plunged by worries, passions, and desires. The ‘self’ liberated in this way is no longer merely our egoistic, passionate individuality: it is our moral person, open to universality and objectivity, and participating in universal nature or thought (p.103).
Assessing the potential cost of a failed Doha Round
Authors: BOUET ANTOINE , Laborde David 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study offers new conclusions on the economic cost of a failed Doha Development Agenda (DDA). We assess potential outcome of the Doha Round as well as four protectionist scenarios using the MIRAGE Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. In a scenario where applied tariffs of World Trade Organization (WTO) economies would go up to currently bound tariff rates, world trade would decrease by 9.9% and world welfare by US$353 billion. The economic cost of a failed DDA is here evaluated by the difference between a cooperative scenario (DDA) and a protectionist one (US$412 billion in terms of welfare). Another point of view is to compare a resort to protectionism when the DDA is implemented with a resort to protectionism when the DDA is not implemented. The findings show that this trade agreement could prevent the potential reduction of US$809 billion of trade and, therefore, acts as an efficient multilateral ‘preventive’ scheme against the adverse consequences of trade ‘beggar-thy-neighbor’ policies.
Small fish–big issues: the effect of trade policy on the global shrimp market
Authors: DEBAERE PETER 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIt is a well-established theoretical result that the trade policy of a large country can directly affect its own and other countries' welfares by affecting international goods' prices. However, there exist very few empirical studies that analyze the effect of trade policy on international prices. With detailed data on unit values and tariffs, I show how policy actions in Europe disrupted the global shrimp market in a non-negligible way and set the stage for the anti-dumping case in the United States. The loss of Thailand's preferential trade status in Europe and the international differences in food-safety standards during the antibiotics crisis shifted especially Thai, Vietnamese, and Chinese shrimp exports away from Europe toward the United States in the late 1990s and early 2000s. I document how those shifting markets have decreased US prices for shrimp significantly compared to those in Europe.
Complex array of endobionts in Petalomonas sphagnophila, a large heterotrophic euglenid protist from Sphagnum-dominated peatlands
Authors: Kim Eunsoo , Park Jong Soo , Simpson Alastair G B , Matsunaga Shigeru , Watanabe Masakatsu , Murakami Akio , Sommerfeld Katrin , Onodera Naoko T , Archibald John M 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Petalomonas sphagnophila is a poorly studied plastid-lacking euglenid flagellate living in Sphagnum-dominated peatlands. Here we present a broad-ranging microscopic, molecular and microspectrophotometric analysis of uncultured P. sphagnophila collected from four field locations in Nova Scotia, Canada. Consistent with its morphological characteristics, 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) phylogenies indicate that P. sphagnophila is specifically related to Petalomonas cantuscygni, the only other Petalomonas species sequenced to date. One of the peculiar characteristics of P. sphagnophila is the presence of several green-pigmented particles ∼5 μm in diameter in its cytoplasm, which a previously published study suggested to be cyanobacterial endosymbionts. New data presented here, however, suggest that the green intracellular body may not be a cyanobacterium but rather an uncharacterized prokaryote yet to be identified by molecular sequencing. 16S rDNA library sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridizations show that P. sphagnophila also harbors several other endobionts, including bacteria that represent five novel genus-level groups (one firmicute and four different proteobacteria). 16S rDNA phylogenies suggest that three of these endobionts are related to obligate intracellular bacteria such as Rickettsiales and Coxiella, while the others are related to the Daphnia pathogen Spirobacillus cienkowskii or belong to the Thermoactinomycetaceae. TEM, 16S rDNA library sequencing and a battery of PCR experiments show that the presence of the five P. sphagnophila endobionts varies markedly among the four geographic collections and even among individuals collected from the same location but at different time points. Our study adds significantly to the growing evidence for complex and dynamic protist–bacterial associations in nature.
partDSA: deletion/substitution/addition algorithm for partitioning the covariate space in prediction
Authors: Molinaro Annette M. , Lostritto Karen , van der Laan Mark 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Until now, much of the focus in cancer has been on biomarker discovery and generating lists of univariately significant genes, as well as epidemiological and clinical measures. These approaches, although significant on their own, are not effective for elucidating the synergistic qualities of the numerous components in complex diseases. These components do not act one at a time, but rather in concert with numerous others. A compelling need exists to develop analytically sound and computationally advanced methods that elucidate a more biologically meaningful understanding of the mechanisms of cancer initiation and progression by taking these interactions into account.
Results: We propose a novel algorithm, partDSA, for prediction when several variables jointly affect the outcome. In such settings, piecewise constant estimation provides an intuitive approach by elucidating interactions and correlation patterns in addition to main effects. As well as generating ‘and’ statements similar to previously described methods, partDSA explores and chooses the best among all possible ‘or’ statements. The immediate benefit of partDSA is the ability to build a parsimonious model with ‘and’ and ‘or’ conjunctions that account for the observed biological phenomena. Importantly, partDSA is capable of handling categorical and continuous explanatory variables and outcomes. We evaluate the effectiveness of partDSA in comparison to several adaptive algorithms in simulations; additionally, we perform several data analyses with publicly available data and introduce the implementation of partDSA as an R package.
Availability: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/partDSA/index.html
Contact: annette.molinaro@yale.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.