bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and CHA2DS2‐VASc Score = 0 in a Community‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: TAILLANDIER SOPHIE , OLESEN JONAS B. , CLÉMENTY NICOLAS , LAGRENADE ISABELLE , BABUTY DOMINIQUE , LIP GREGORY Y. H. , FAUCHIER LAURENT 
Published: January 2012

Stroke and CHA2DS2‐VASc Score = 0. Objectives: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a CHA2DS2‐VASc score = 0 have a very low risk of stroke and current guidelines even recommend no antithrombotic therapy to these patients. We investigated the rate and risk of adverse events and the impact of antithrombotic management in a community based cohort of AF patients with a CHA2DS2‐VASc score = 0.Methods and Results: Patients with AF seen in our institution between 2000 and 2010 were identified in a database. The adverse outcomes were investigated during follow‐up. Among 8,962 patients with AF, 616 (7%) had a congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years (doubled), diabetes, stroke/TIA/thromboembolism (doubled), vascular disease (prior myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, or aortic plaque), age 65–74 years, sex category (female) (CHA2DS2‐VASc score) = 0. An oral anticoagulant was prescribed in 273 patients (44%), antiplatelet therapy alone in 145 patients (24%), and no antithrombotic treatment in 198 patients (32%). During a follow up of 876 ± 1,135 days (median 244, interquartile range 1,540 days), 38 patients sustained events (10 stroke/thromboembolism, 19 major bleeding, 17 deaths). Among untreated patients, rates of stroke/thromboembolism, major bleeding and mortality were 0.64%, 1.12%, and 1.08% per year. Prescription of oral anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet therapy was not associated with an improved prognosis for stroke/thromboembolism (relative risk [RR] = 0.99, 95% CI 0.25–3.99, P = 0.99), nor improved survival or net clinical benefit (combination of stroke/thromboembolism, bleeding, and death).Conclusion: In a real life cohort study, AF patients with CHA2DS2VASc score = 0 had a low risk of stroke/thromboembolism that was not significantly different between those taking oral anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, or no antithrombotic therapy. This supports current guideline recommendations for no antithrombotic therapy in these “truly low‐risk” patients. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 708‐713, July 2012)
Effects of Al Substitution on Dielectric Response and Magnetic Behavior of Yttrium Iron Garnet Ceramics
Authors: Wu Yong Jun , Yu Chao , Chen Xiang Ming , Li Juan 
Published: January 2012

Structure, dielectric response, and magnetic properties of Y3Fe5−xAlxO12 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3) ceramics were investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate a single phase with garnet structure in space group Ia3d for all sintered samples. Rietveld refinement of XRD data suggest that Al3+ substitutes for Fe3+ at tetrahedral sites. All the samples show a giant dielectric response which originates from the charge carrier hopping between the Fe2+ and Fe3+. The activation energy of the hopping process increases with increasing Al substitution. The a‐d super‐exchange interaction becomes weak as the content of Al increases, which results in the decrease of saturation magnetizations and magnetic ordering temperatures.
Preparation of Core/Shell Structured Rutile/Anatase Photocatalyst via Vapor Phase Hydrolysis and its Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol and Methylene Blue
Authors: Shi Fuzhi , Li Yaogang , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: January 2012

The core/shell structured rutile/anatase photocatalyst is prepared via a vapor phase hydrolysis process and characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. TEM and HRTEM show that well crystalline anatase TiO2 is immobilized on the surface of rutile microspheres with dimensions of 200–500 nm prior to calcination. The crystallite size of anatase in the shell ranges from 7.1 to 15.6 nm, which depends on the temperature and time of the vapor phase hydrolysis. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm analysis shows that the photocatalyst is composed by micropores and mesopores. The photocatalytic performances of these catalysts in methylene blue and phenol are evaluated. The rutile/anatase photocatalyst has a relatively higher activity than pure rutile or anatase alone due to the synergistic effect of rutile and anatase.
The Time Machine in Our Mind
Authors: Stocker Kurt 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article provides the first comprehensive conceptual account for the imagistic mental machinery that allows us to travel through time—for the time machine in our mind. It is argued that language reveals this imagistic machine and how we use it. Findings from a range of cognitive fields are theoretically unified and a recent proposal about spatialized mental time travel is elaborated on. The following novel distinctions are offered: external versus internal viewing of time; ‘‘watching” time versus projective ‘‘travel” through time; optional versus obligatory mental time travel; mental time travel into anteriority or posteriority versus mental time travel into the past or future; single mental time travel versus nested dual mental time travel; mental time travel in episodic memory versus mental time travel in semantic memory; and ‘‘seeing” versus ‘‘sensing” mental imagery. Theoretical, empirical, and applied implications are discussed.
White Matter Lesions Progression in Migraine with Aura: A Clinical and MRI Longitudinal Study
Authors: Dinia Lavinia , Bonzano Laura , Albano Beatrice , Finocchi Cinzia , Del Sette Massimo , Saitta Laura , Castellan Lucio , Gandolfo Carlo , Roccatagliata Luca 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo prospectively evaluate longitudinal changes in white matter lesions (WMLs) in migraineurs with aura, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to correlate WMLs modifications with patients’ clinical characteristics.METHODSForty‐one consecutive migraineurs with aura were followed for a mean time of 33.2 months. Patients underwent MRI at baseline and follow‐up and were evaluated for cerebrovascular risk factors. Presence of WMLs on MRI was assessed by two neuroradiologists.RESULTSWMLs were present in 26 subjects (63.4%) at baseline MRI. At follow‐up a total of 8 patients had new WMLs (19.5%). There was a significant correlation between aura duration and number of new WMLs, and between the number of migraine attacks with aura and new WMLs.CONCLUSIONSOur study demonstrates that in migraine with aura WMLs number can progress over time and suggests an association between aura features and WMLs progression. Studies with a higher number of patients are required to confirm these findings.
Beneficial effects of edaravone, a novel antioxidant, in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arumugam Somasundaram , Thandavarayan Rajarajan A. , Veeraveedu Punniyakoti T. , Nakamura Takashi , Arozal Wawaimuli , Sari Flori R. , Giridharan Vijayasree V. , Soetikno Vivian , Palaniyandi Suresh S. , Harima Meilei , Suzuki Kenji , Nagata Masaki , Kodama Makoto , Watanabe Kenichi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEdaravone, a novel antioxidant, acts by trapping hydroxyl radicals, quenching active oxygen and so on. Its cardioprotective activity against experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) was reported. Nevertheless, it remains to be determined whether edaravone protects against cardiac remodelling in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The present study was undertaken to assess whether edaravone attenuates myocardial fibrosis, and examine the effect of edaravone on cardiac function in rats with DCM after EAM. Rat model of EAM was prepared by injection with porcine cardiac myosin 28 days after immunization, we administered edaravone intraperitoneally at 3 and 10 mg/kg/day to rats for 28 days. The results were compared with vehicle‐treated rats with DCM. Cardiac function, by haemodynamic and echocardiographic study and histopathology were performed. Left ventricular (LV) expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (p47phox, p67phox, gp91phox and Nox4), fibrosis markers (TGF‐β1 and OPN), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (GRP78 and GADD 153) and apoptosis markers (cytochrome C and caspase‐3) were measured by Western blotting. Edaravone‐treated DCM rats showed better cardiac function compared with those of the vehicle‐treated rats. In addition, LV expressions of NADPH oxidase subunits levels were significantly down‐regulated in edaravone‐treated rats. Furthermore, the number of collagen‐III positive cells in the myocardium of edaravone‐treated rats was lower compared with those of the vehicle‐treated rats. Our results suggest that edaravone ameliorated the progression of DCM by modulating oxidative and ER stress‐mediated myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis.
Implementation of step sectioning in the examination of sentinel lymph nodes to improve the detection of micrometastases in breast cancer patients
Authors: VALLA MARIT , GJERTRUD MJØNES PATRICIA , KNOPP SYNNE 
Published: January 2012

Valla M, Mjønes PG, Knopp S. Implementation of step sectioning in the examination of sentinel lymph nodes to improve the detection of micrometastases in breast cancer patients. APMIS 2012; 120: 521–28.The object of this study was to examine whether a new protocol for examination of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) would lead to the detection of more metastases. Sections of 1 mm would identify most SLN macrometastases, and step sections at intervals of 200–250 μm would identify most micrometastases. A total of 111 breast cancer patients who underwent the SLN procedure at St. Olavs University Hospital in Trondheim, Norway in 2008 were included in the study group. Their SLNs were processed according to a new standardized protocol with sections of 2–3 mm being step sectioned at intervals of 200–250 μm. A total of 109 breast cancer patients undergoing the SLN procedure in 2007 were used as a reference group. Metastases were found in 29% of the cases, compared with 26% in the reference group. Step sectioning of SLNs revealed metastases in five cases initially found to be negative. The metastases of the study group were smaller, with a median value of 1.25 mm compared with 4.25 mm in the reference group. Step sectioning led to the detection of metastases in SLNs initially found to be negative. The median size of the metastases was considerably smaller in the study group than in the reference group.
Smooth muscle in the human mitral valve: extent and implications for dynamic modelling
Authors: NORDRUM IVAR S. , SKALLERUD BJØRN 
Published: January 2012

Nordrum IS, Skallerud B. Smooth muscle in the human mitral valve: extent and implications for dynamic modelling. APMIS 2012; 120: 484–94.The mitral valve is increasingly been regarded as having dynamic and contractile capabilities, but the presence of muscle in the valve has been investigated to a limited extent. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence, architecture and phenotype of muscle in the human mitral valve. Twelve mitral valves were cut into strips, sectioned for histology, and the cut edges examined by microscope after staining included immunophenotyping. Smooth muscle bundles were present at the atrial side of the leaflets, and distinctly more in the anterior leaflet than in the posterior leaflet. The smooth muscle bundles extended up to two‐thirds the distance from the annulus to the rim of the leaflets, and they ran in various directions, but seemingly mainly perpendicular to the annulus. The thickness and density of the bundles seemed to decrease with the distance from the annulus, and also in a radial direction from the centre portion of each leaflets attachment at the annulus towards the rim. Cross striation was not detected. Cardiac muscle in the left atrial wall extended into the annular base of the leaflets in close proximity to the annular border of the smooth muscle bundles in the leaflets. In conclusion, especially the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve seems to have a separate smooth muscle formed as a meshwork of bundles close to the atrial surface.
Occupational risk factors for hand dermatitis among professional cleaners in Spain
Authors: Mirabelli Maria C. , Vizcaya David , Martí Margarit Anna , Antó Josep Maria , Arjona Lourdes , Barreiro Esther , Orriols Ramon , Gimenez‐Arnau Ana , Zock Jan‐Paul 
Published: January 2012

Background. Dermatitis is an important health outcome for workers whose jobs put them in contact with irritants or sensitizing agents.Objectives. We conducted an analysis of data from the Epidemiological Study on the Risk of Asthma in Cleaning Workers 2 (EPIASLI2) to assess worksites and cleaning products as risk factors for hand dermatitis among professional cleaning workers.Materials/methods. We distributed 4993 questionnaires to employees of 37 cleaning companies, and used data from 818 (16%) respondents who provided information about skin symptoms and cleaning‐related exposures. We assessed associations between the frequencies of worksite and cleaning product exposures and a symptom‐based definition of hand dermatitis among current cleaning workers (n = 693) and a comparison population (n = 125).Results. Hand dermatitis was reported by 28% of current cleaning workers, versus 18% of the comparison population, and was associated with cleaning outdoor areas and schools, and the use of hydrochloric acid [prevalence ratio (PR) 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–3.02] and dust mop products (PR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11–2.75).Conclusions. Professional cleaning workers may not be sufficiently protected from cutaneous disease at work. Future research should further investigate the roles of multiple product exposures and personal protective equipment.
Plant diversity is linked to nutrient limitation of dominant species in a world biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Pekin Burak K. , Boer Matthias M. , Wittkuhn Roy S. , Macfarlane Craig , Grierson Pauline F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractQuestionsWhat is the role of nutrient limitation of dominant species in maintaining plant species diversity at small spatial scales, particularly in biodiversity hotspots?LocationSouthwest of Western Australia.MethodsThe extent of nutrient limitation was determined by measuring variation in the foliar nutrients of dominant plant species and total above‐ground biomass in relation to soil N and P across 16 plots. Plant species richness and evenness for the same plots were then regressed against foliar N:P and δ15N of the dominant species.ResultsFoliar N and P content as well as above‐ground biomass increased, while foliar N:P decreased with increasing soil N and P, suggesting that dominant species are limited by both N and P in southwest Australia. In contrast, foliar δ15N values only increased with decreasing soil P, indicating that δ15N enrichment reflects low P availability. Species richness increased at sites where foliar N:P was higher and δ15N more enriched, suggesting that a relatively greater number of rare plant species co‐exist where the growth of dominant vegetation is more nutrient‐limited.ConclusionsThe mechanisms that allow an exceptionally high number of plant species to co‐exist at small spatial scales in a southwest Australian biodiversity hotspot are linked to the extent to which the dominant plant species are limited in N and P. In addition, on nutrient‐impoverished soils, a foliar N:P ratio >16 can reflect N as well as P limitation. While foliar δ15N also reflects availability of soil P, it is not necessarily a reliable indicator of nutrient limitation in southwest Australia, and perhaps in other environments where plants are highly adapted to low‐nutrient conditions.
Systematic Review of Text‐Messaging Interventions to Promote Healthy Behaviors in Pediatric and Adolescent Populations: Implications for Clinical Practice and Research
Authors: Militello Lisa K. , Kelly Stephanie A. , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are major public health problems. Promoting positive behavior change is an ongoing challenge that warrants innovative solutions. Mobile phone use is becoming widespread across populations and merits further exploration as a strategy to promote wellness and reduce health disparities.Aims: The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence using text messaging as a tool to deliver healthy lifestyle behavior intervention programs in pediatric and adolescent populations. The following question was used to guide the systematic review, “In pediatric and adolescent populations, how does the use of text‐message–based interventions versus control or comparison interventions affect healthy lifestyle behaviors?”Methods: A systematic search for relevant literature was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO, and by hand‐searching bibliographies. Evidence was compiled from experimental studies in peer‐reviewed journals published from 2004 to May 15, 2011. Data were extracted using guidelines set forth by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.Results: Thirty‐seven articles were identified from the comprehensive search. Eight articles representing seven studies (two articles were published describing different aspects of the outcomes from one study) met inclusion for this review. Mean age of participants in the study ranged from 8.7 to 17.9 years of age. Differences between groups on healthy lifestyle behaviors were significant in five studies.Conclusions: This review supports previous literature suggesting that mobile phones are uniquely positioned to bridge gaps in health disparities and reach across demographics. Interventions using short messaging service may be most effective as a reminder system to support disease management behaviors. Existing recommendations for tailored, interactive, and family‐centered care are supported with mobile technology recommended to augment clinical practice and health behavior change efforts. However, more rigorous, theory‐based intervention research using mobile technology is warranted in pediatric and adolescent populations.
Protective Effects of Ginsenosides against Bisphenol A‐Induced Cytotoxicity in 15P‐1 Sertoli Cells via Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase 1/2 Signalling and Antioxidant Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Limin , Hao Jie , Hu Jiangang , Pu Jun , Lü Zilan , Zhao Lina , Wang Qi , Yu Qiubo , Wang Yingxiong , Li Gang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that Bisphenol A (BPA) can cause reproductive toxicity. Ginseng has wide range of pharmacological actions and, more importantly, has proven its worth with respect to reproductive function in several reports. We have suggested that ginsenosides, the main active components of ginseng, may protect against BPA‐induced cell damage. Therefore, an in vitro culture model of 15P‐1 Sertoli cells was employed to investigate whether ginsenosides have protective effects on BPA‐stimulated 15P‐1 Sertoli cells. The results revealed that ginsenosides (75 μg/ml) significantly inhibited BPA‐induced decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis. Immunofluorescence staining showed that BPA exposure‐induced collapse of vimentin intermediate filaments was prevented by the application of ginsenosides. Ginsenosides also inhibited extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and BPA‐induced alterations of Bcl‐2 and Bax protein expression in 15P‐1 Sertoli cells. Furthermore, the alterations of T‐AOC, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in BPA‐stimulated cells were partially prevented with pre‐treatment with ginsenosides. Taken together, these results suggest that ginsenosides have protective effects against BPA‐induced cell damage and that these effects are mediated by preventing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and through the enhancement of cellular antioxidant capacity. Ginsenosides may therefore be beneficial in the prevention of environmental BPA‐induced, reproduction‐related toxicity.
The blue streak: a dynamic trait in the mud fiddler crab, Uca pugnax
Authors: Barnard Mollie E. , Strandburg‐Peshkin Ariana , Yarett Ian R. , Merz Rachel A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMud fiddler crabs, Uca pugnax, have a streak of blue coloration located on the front of the carapace above the mouth and centered between the eyes. We documented that this blue streak is absent in juveniles and develops as crabs become sexually mature. By photographing male crabs under controlled conditions in the laboratory, we demonstrated that the brightness of the blue streak (in comparison with the rest of the carapace) is dynamic, and can dim from bright blue to nearly black in fewer than two minutes. We examined blue streak variability in male crabs in response to physical factors (light and temperature) and social context to begin to understand what causes its dynamic response. The blue streak darkens in response to decreased ambient light, but does not respond to changes in temperature. In the field, it is brighter when crabs are roaming on the mudflat or fighting, but darker when crabs are basking or performing waving displays. The highly visual nature of fiddler crabs and the dynamic character of the blue streak suggest that it may communicate information about the state of a crab or its environment.
Synthesis and Singlet Oxygen Reactivity of 1,2‐Diaryloxyethenes and Selected Sulfur and Nitrogen Analogs
Authors: Nkepang Gregory , Pogula Praveen K. , Bio Moses , You Youngjae 
Published: January 2012

Abstract1,2‐Diaryloxyethene has recently been proposed as a linker in singlet oxygen‐mediated drug release. Even though 1,2‐diaryloxyethenes look very simple, their synthesis was not an easy task. Previous methods are limited to symmetric molecules, lengthy step and low yield. We report on a facile synthetic method not only for 1,2‐diaryloxyethenes but also their sulfur and nitrogen analogs in yields ranging from 40 to 90% with more than 90% purity at the vinylation reaction.
mTHPC‐Mediated Photodynamic Therapy is Effective in the Metastatic Human 143B Osteosarcoma Cells
Authors: Reidy Kerstin , Campanile Carmen , Muff Roman , Born Walter , Fuchs Bruno 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality approved for palliative and curative treatment of some forms of local cancers, precancerous lesions and nononcological disorders. As a prerequisite for future studies in animal models aiming at an intraoperative application of PDT in osteosarcoma (OS), in the present study, we investigated the uptake and the dark‐ and photo‐toxicity of the photosensitizer mTHPC in the metastatic human OS cell line 143B, which, intratibially injected into SCID mice, reproduces spontaneous, aggressive lung metastasis, the main cause of death in OS patients. The uptake of mTHPC by 143B cells was time‐ and dose‐dependent. mTHPC accumulated to higher levels in the 143B than in the parental low‐metastatic HOS cell line. A significant decrease in viability of 143B cells, reflecting mTHPC dark‐toxicity, occurred upon incubation in the dark at mTHPC concentrations ≥2.5 μg mL−1. In phototoxicity experiments with illumination by 652 nm laser light (2.5–10 J cm−2), the half‐maximal lethal doses of mTHPC ranged from 0.012 to 0.047 μg mL−1. This treatment activated caspase‐3, ‐7 and ‐9 and Z‐VAD‐FMK‐inhibitable PARP cleavage, indicating caspase‐dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, PDT with mTHPC is effective in the metastatic 143B human osteosarcoma cell line in vitro.