bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Katalysierte Zersetzung von Propan in einem Mikroreaktor
Authors: Görke O. , Pfeifer P. , Schubert K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDie Zersetzung von Propan zur Wasserstoffherstellung für Brennstoffzellensysteme stellt ein interessantes Verfahren dar, da speziell die Abwesenheit von Kohlenmonoxid für die Weiterverwendung in Hilfsaggregaten zur Stromerzeugung günstig ist. Mikroreaktoren bieten die Möglichkeit, schnell auf spontanen Wasserstoffbedarf und Lastwechsel zu reagieren, da Stoff‐ und Wärmetransport gegenüber konventionellen Reaktorsystemen beschleunigt werden können. In der Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass Propan erfolgreich in einem Mikroreaktor zersetzt werden kann. Dabei wurde in der eigentlichen Zersetzungsphase etwa 8 min lang eine Wasserstoffausbeute von mehr als 70 % erzielt. In der Oxidationsphase konnte der gebildete Ruß innerhalb von 30 min abgebrannt werden. Berechnungen zur Wärmebilanz zeigen, dass der endotherme Zersetzungsprozess durch die Oxidation von Ruß und durch die Verbrennung von Anoden‐Off‐Gas betrieben werden kann. Die Wirksamkeit der Rußoxidation konnte durch Beschichtung des als Katalysator eingesetzten Edelstahlnetzes gesteigert werden, ohne dass die Zersetzungsaktivität darunter litt. In Zukunft sollen weitere Optimierungen am Reaktordesign vorgenommen werden.
Herstellung von Folien aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen durch enzymkatalysierte Vernetzung von Proteinen
Authors: Patzsch K. , Riedel K. , Pietzsch M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractProteine als Koppelprodukte der Stärke‐ oder Biodieselindustrie lassen sich zu Biokunststofffolien verarbeiten. Die Quervernetzung (Vulkanisierung) der Proteine kann enzymatisch mittels mikrobieller Transglutaminase erfolgen und führt zu einer Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften, einer erhöhten Folientransparenz und einer Verminderung der Wasserlöslichkeit.
A Restrictive Inflow Pattern Does Not Predict Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Therapy in Primary Prevention
Authors: Dorosz Jennifer L. , Aaronson Keith D. , Good Eric D. , Kolias Theodore J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines for the use of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) are broad and significantly increase the cost of caring for patients with heart failure. In an effort to identify the specific subset of patients who benefit from this therapy, the predictive value of numerous echocardiographic parameters have been studied. Severe diastolic dysfunction has been shown to predict adverse events in a group of patients who received an ICD for secondary prevention, but has not been tested in those who receive ICDs for primary prevention.HypothesisWe tested the hypothesis that a restrictive mitral inflow pattern on echocardiography will predict the risk of appropriate therapy in this patient population.MethodsThis retrospective study identified 145 consecutive patients who met primary prevention criteria for ICD implantation and had an echo performed no more than 1 year prior to receiving the ICD. A restrictive pattern was defined as a mitral inflow E/A > 2 or a deceleration time < 150 ms.ResultsA restrictive pattern was present in 69 patients (40.7% of the group). Appropriate ICD therapy occurred in 8 (11.5%) subjects with a restrictive pattern and 14 (18.4%) with a nonrestrictive pattern over 680 days of average follow‐up (P = not significant). Cox regression analysis showed the presence of a restrictive pattern was not helpful in predicting time to first ICD therapy.ConclusionsIn a population of patients who received ICDs for primary prevention, echocardiographic findings of severe diastolic dysfunction were not helpful in targeting the use of ICDs to those at highest risk. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Valvular Perforation in Left‐sided Native Valve Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Bachour Khaled , Zmily Hammam , Kizilbash Mohammad , Awad Khaled , Hourani Rayan , Hammad Hazem , Sobel Jack D. , Ghali Jalal K. , Levine Donald , Afonso Luis 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundLeft‐sided native valve infective endocarditis (LNVIE) can result in mitral (MP) and aortic (AP) valve perforation, the prognostic significance of which remains poorly defined.HypothesisValvular perforation is associated with worse outcomes.MethodsRetrospective review of patients with LNVIE during 1998–2005 was performed to examine characteristics and outcome predictors of LNVIE complicated by valve perforation. Patients were stratified as: group A: MP or AP detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) or surgery; group B: no TEE evidence of MP or AP.ResultsA total of 123 patients were included (group A = 47, group B = 76). In group A, 35 patients (74.5%) had MP alone, 11 (23.4%) had AP alone, and 1 patient had both. Severe valvular insufficiency was encountered more in group A (85.1% versus 59.2%, p = 0.003), so was hemodialysis (40.4% versus 17.1%, p = 0.004) and indications for valvular surgery (93.6% versus 77.6%, p = 0.02). Group A had a higher rate of in‐hospital death (31.9% versus 15.8%, p = 0.04). Among patients who had an indication for valvular surgery, the in‐hospital mortality rate for those who underwent valvular surgery was 16.7% in group A, and 7.9% in group B (p = 0.4), compared to those who did not undergo surgery (71.4% versus 33.3%, p = 0.04). Amongst survivors, hospital stay was on average 9.2 d longer in group A (38.9 versus 29.7 d, p = 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed association between lower survival and valvular perforation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.95), that was lost after adjusting for hemodialysis.ConclusionsValve perforation complicating LNVIE is associated with hemodialysis, severe valvular insufficiency, and significant morbidity and mortality. Compared to conservative management, early surgical intervention is associated with improved survival. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Long‐term Mortality in African Americans Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Poludasu Shyam , Cavusoglu Erdal , Khan Waqas , Marmur Jonathan D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) has been shown to predict long‐term mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). African Americans have been shown to have lower mean neutrophil counts compared to whites. The usefulness of the N/L ratio in predicting long‐term mortality in African Americans undergoing PCI is unknown.MethodsWe evaluated a total of 372 African American patients (327 patients with lower N/L ratio [<3.5] and 45 patients with higher N/L ratio [≥3.5]) who underwent PCI during January 2003 to August 2005. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality at a median follow‐up to 3.6 years.ResultsDuring the median ( ± SD) follow‐up period of 3.6 ± 1 years, there were a total of 48 deaths. The mortality rate was 10.4% in the group with a lower N/L ratio and 31.1% in the group with a higher N/L ratio (unadjusted p < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates with significant impact on mortality, N/L ratio was still a strong and independent predictor of long‐term mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–4; p = 0.02). N/L ratio was also found to be a strong and independent predictor of long‐term mortality even when analyzed as a categorical variable with 3 groups (HR of 0.39 for lower tertile compared to the upper tertile, 95% CI: 0.19–0.81; p = 0.012) and as a continuous variable (p = 0.002).ConclusionN/L ratio is a powerful independent predictor of long‐term mortality in African Americans undergoing PCI. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Remnant Sewing Needle in the Right Ventricle as a Cause of Chest Pain
Authors: Gungor Hasan , Duygu Hamza , Yildiz Bekir Serhat , Gul Ilker , Zoghi Mehdi , Ozerkan Filiz 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSewing needles, albeit a rare case of penetrating cardiac injury, are potentially life‐threatening. We report a case of a self‐inflicted remnant intracardiac sewing needle which is diagnosed with nonspecific chest pain and successfully extracted 23 months after its insertion. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two Brothers with Myocardial Infarction in the Absence of Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease: Spontaneous Coronary Thrombosis: Case Reports of Two Brothers
Authors: Hussain Jamal , Strumpf Robert K. , Nseir Georges , Jamal Ayman , Diethrich Edward 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMyocardial infarction in the absence of significant atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is not uncommonly encountered in clinical practice. This has been more often seen with the current sensitive biomarker assays for myocardial necrosis. Acute illnesses, spontaneous coronary dissection, sepsis, pulmonary embolism and coagulation disorders are some of the common clinical situation where elevated cardiac markers are noted. We describe two brothers presenting with acute myocardial infarction due to thrombus without any obvious cause. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Churg‐Strauss Syndrome Presenting with Cardiac Mass and Right Ventricular Obstruction
Authors: Otto Sylvia , Figulla Hans R. , Goebel Björn , Oelzner Peter , Poerner Tudor C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 57‐year‐old woman presenting with asthma, hypereosinophilia, and generalized unspecific symptoms was diagnosed with Churg‐Strauss syndrome. Echocardiography revealed a cardiac mass obliterating the right ventricle and severely impaired left ventricular function, which were caused by endomyocardial fibrosis. Cortisone and cyclophosphamide therapy resulted in amelioration of left ventricular function and significant size reduction of the right ventricular mass. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute Coronary Syndromes: Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes at the American University of Beirut Medical Center, 2002–2005
Authors: Abdallah Mouhammad , Karrowni Wassef , Shamseddeen Wael , Itani Salam , Kobeissi Loulou , Ghazzal Ziyad , Alam Samir , Dakik Habib A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesData on acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in developing countries is scarce. In this report, we analyze the temporal trends in the management and outcomes of a large series of ACS patients hospitalized at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), a tertiary referral university hospital located in a middle income Middle Eastern developing country.MethodsA total of 1025 consecutive patients hospitalized and discharged with the diagnosis of ACS were enrolled between 2002 and 2005. The utilization of evidence‐based therapies and in‐hospital outcomes were determined.ResultsThe study enrolled 228 patients (22%) with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 275 patients (27%) with non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and 522 patients (51%) with unstable angina. The STEMI group was younger and had a higher percentage of men. The utilization rates of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were highest in the STEMI group. Comparison to earlier ACS data (1997–1998) from the same hospital, showed an increase in the utilization of reperfusion therapy, coronary angioplasty, bypass surgery, aspirin, β‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzymes (ACE), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and statins over the past decade (P < .05). This was associated with a significant decrease in hospital mortality (13%‐7.7%, P < .01).ConclusionsThis study analyzes one of the largest series of ACS patients reported from a single center in a developing country. The utilization of evidence‐based therapies in the management of ACS at AUBMC has improved significantly over the past decade with an associated decrease in hospital mortality. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Coronary Collateral Formation
Authors: Sun Tao , Huang Yanbo , Phillips M. Ian , Luo Xinping , Zhu Jun , Shi Haiming , Li Jian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe coronary collateral circulation can reduce sudden cardiac death,myocardial cell loss,and infarct size.Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF‐15),a member of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily,has been reported to have a prognostic predicting value in coronary artery disease.HypothesisGDF‐15 can be related with the extent of collateral formation.ObjectiveGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15), a member of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily, has been reported to have a prognostic predicting value in coronary artery disease. We sought to investigate whether GDF‐15 is related to coronary collateral development in patients with coronary heart disease.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in 201 patients, who were admitted for selective coronary angiography. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on Rentrop's classification of coronary collaterals. Group 1: patients with coronary collateral presence, which was defined by Rentrop's grade 1–3 collateral development. Group 2: patients with grade 0 collateral development. Group 3: control group were patients with a normal coronary angiogram. The levels of plasma GDF‐15, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and soluble Fms‐related tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFLT‐1) were compared among the 3 groups.ResultsThere were significant statistical differences in plasma sFLT‐1, ADMA, and GDF‐15 concentrations among the different collateral groups. The correlations between Rentrop's grade and the cytokines were significant. A positive correlation was found between Rentrop's grade and GDF‐15 (r = 0.187, P < 0.05). The correlations between the levels of plasma sFLT‐1, ADMA, and Rentrop's grade were significant, with the correlation coefficient of r = 0.181, P < 0.05 (sFLT‐1) and r = − 0.646, P < 0.001 (ADMA), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that GDF‐15 levels increase with the extent of collateral formation. In that case, the patients with a higher level of GDF‐15 may predict more severe coronary stenosis, which has a higher probability to develop collaterals. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic significance of grading in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Barletta Justine A. , Yeap Beow Y. , Chirieac Lucian R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although grading has prognostic significance for many tumor types, a prognostically significant grading system for lung adenocarcinoma has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate histologic characteristics included in tumor grading systems, establish optimal cutoff values that have the strongest association with overall survival, and develop a grading system incorporating the histopathologic characteristics that the authors found to have prognostic significance in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.METHODS:The authors studied lung adenocarcinomas from 85 consecutive patients, and evaluated the percentage of solid pattern (as a reflection of tumor architecture), the degree of cytologic atypia, and the mitotic count.RESULTS:In univariate analysis, overall survival was associated significantly with sex (P = .045), age (P = .0008), tumor status (P < .0001), lymph node status (P = .02), solid pattern (P = .046), and cytologic atypia (P = .01), but not with mitotic count (P = .26). On the basis of optimal cutoff values, the authors found that a solid pattern ≥90% and severe cytologic atypia were the best discriminators of worse outcome. A grading score, computed as the sum of the architecture score and cytologic atypia score (2 = well differentiated, 3 = moderately differentiated, 4 = poorly differentiated), was a significant predictor of overall survival in univariate analysis (median overall survival times, 72.4, 39.5, and 8.7 months for well, moderately, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, respectively; P = .0001). Moreover, grading was an independent predictor of survival in multivariate analysis (P = .002).CONCLUSIONS:The authors describe a grading system that incorporates the percentage of solid pattern and degree of the cytologic atypia that is an independent predictor of survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Phase Shifts and the Second Virial Coefficient for a Partially Ionized Hydrogen Plasma
Authors: Omarbakiyeva Y. A. , Röpke G. , Ramazanov T. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe influence of the interaction of electrons with hydrogen atoms on the thermodynamical properties of dense plasmas is investigated using a virial expansion approach. The second virial coefficient for the electron‐atom interaction is obtained from the Beth‐Uhlenbeck formula. Elastic scattering phase shifts are calculated with the help of the phase function method for different polarization potential models. Results for the second virial coefficient are given that take into account both the bound state part and the scattering state contribution (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Composition of Partially Ionized Systems Using the PlanckLarkin Partition Function of Mid‐Z ions
Authors: Sengebusch A. , Reinholz H. , Röpke G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe report on the composition of warm, dense plasmas of M‐shell ions. Assuming local thermal equilibrium, the abundance of different ionization stages is given by a set of coupled Saha‐equations. In order to avoid discontinuities at the Mott density, the partition functions have to account for pressure ionization due to continuum lowering consistently. The Planck‐Larkin renormalization of bound and scattering states is well elaborated for hydrogenic systems. This paper shows the consistent extension to moderately ionized Mid‐Z elements. We present results for solid‐density polymere and titanium plasmas (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fluorescent high‐content imaging allows the discrimination and quantitation of E‐LDL‐induced lipid droplets and Ox‐LDL‐generated phospholipidosis in human macrophages
Authors: Grandl Margot , Schmitz Gerd 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMacrophage foam cells formed during uptake of atherogenic lipoproteins are a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesion development. In this study, human macrophages were incubated with two prototypic atherogenic LDL modifications enzymatically degraded LDL (E‐LDL) and oxidized LDL (Ox‐LDL) prepared from the same donor LDL. To detect differences in macrophage lipid storage, fluorescent high‐content imaging was used. Lipid droplets were stained using Bodipy 493/503, and the fluorescent phospholipid probe NBD‐PE was used to detect endolysosomal phospholipidosis in high‐content imaging assays. The phospholipidosis assay was validated using phospholipidosis‐inducing cationic amphiphilic drugs. In addition, neutral lipids and phospholipidosis were determined using LipidTOX. Images of 96‐well cell culture microtiter plates were captured with multichannel laser‐based high‐content confocal microscopy, and subsequently cell‐ and well‐based data were analyzed. E‐LDL‐loaded macrophages show increased intensity of Bodipy 493/503 and LipidTOX™‐Green neutral lipid droplet staining and a greater mean area and number of lipid droplets per cell compared to Ox‐LDL‐loaded and M‐CSF‐differentiated control macrophages. In contrast, Ox‐LDL‐loaded macrophages show increased intensity of NBD‐PE and LipidTOX™‐Red detectable phospholipidosis in the endolysosomal compartment compared to E‐LDL‐loaded and M‐CSF‐differentiated macrophages. Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ agonist pioglitazone leads to lipid droplet induction depending on the lipid loading state of the macrophages. These results indicate that E‐LDL preferentially induces lipid droplets, while Ox‐LDL provokes endolysosomal phospholipidosis in human macrophages representing two different lipid storage principles. Therefore, fluorescent high‐content imaging is a useful tool to discriminate between and quantify lipid storage compartments in macrophages also in response to drugs affecting cellular lipid metabolism. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Usefulness of NMP22 as an adjunct to a typical urine cytology and low‐grade urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Arora Vinod Kumar , Sarungbam Judy , Bhatia Arati , Singh Navjeevan , Agrawal Vivek , Aggarwal Seema 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe usefulness of urine cytology combined with NMP22 was evaluated for the primary diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma. Of 53 clinically suspected patients, histopathological diagnoses were low‐grade urothelial carcinoma (25), high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (13), and inflammatory lesions (15). Cytology was positive in 25 and negative in 14 patients. Fourteen of 25 low‐grade urothelial carcinoma and 11/13 high‐grade urothelial carcinoma were diagnosed correctly on urine cytology. Atypical cells seen in 14 patients were categorized as inconclusive for malignancy. The overall sensitivity of urine cytology was 65.8%, whereas specificity was 100%. NMP22 was positive in 33 patients. Of these 30, 18 low‐grade and 12 high‐grade lesions were true positive. Of the 20 NMP22, eight negative cases were false‐negative. Ten of 15 with negative histopathology were also negative for NMP22, three were false‐positive, and two showed erratic results. Nine of 14 cases with atypical urine cytology were positive for NMP22. Eight of these showed low‐grade carcinoma on histopathology. The sensitivity of BladderChek NMP22 test was 79%, whereas specificity was 80%. NMP22 BladderChek test is a useful adjunct to urine cytology in atypical and low‐grade carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:788–790. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fragile X syndrome—From genes to cognition
Authors: Schneider A. , Hagerman R.J. , Hessl D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS), a single gene disorder with an expanded CGG allele on the X chromosome, is the most common form of inherited cognitive impairment. The cognitive deficit ranges from mild learning disabilities to severe intellectual disability. The phenotype includes hyperactivity, short attention span, emotional problems including anxiety, social avoidance, poor eye contact, and hyperarousal to sensory stimuli. Imaging studies in FXS have clarified the impact of theFMR1mutation on brain development and function by documenting structural abnormalities, predominantly in the caudate nucleus and cerebellum, and functional deficits in the caudate, frontal‐striatal circuits, and the limbic system. On the basis of current research results, a targeted treatment for FXS will be available in the near future. Currently, a number of psychopharmacological agents are helpful in treating many of the problems in FXS including hyperactivity, attention deficits, anxiety, episodic aggression, and hyperarousal. Although the targeted treatments aim at strengthening synaptic connections, it is essential that these treatments are combined with learning programs that address the cognitive deficits in FXS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:333–342.