bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jurassic to Palaeogene tectono‐magmatic evolution of northern Chile and adjacent Bolivia from detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology and heavy mineral provenance
Authors: Wotzlaw Jörn F. , Decou Audrey , von Eynatten Hilmar , Wörner Gerhard , Frei Dirk 
Published: October 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 399–406, 2011AbstractHeavy mineral provenance data presented in this article reinforce evidence for significant late Palaeogene deformation and relief formation along the western margin of the Central Andean Plateau. Late Eocene–Oligocene onset of molasse‐type sedimentation records initial range uplift. Strikingly different basement sources of sediments deposited to the east and west of the Late Palaeogene range indicate that initial relief development was governed by a bivergent thrust system. Significantly higher sediment accumulation rates to the east of the range compared to the west suggest that the generated relief acted already as an effective orographic barrier at that time. Higher precipitation and denudation along the eastern slope facilitated deeper erosion of the trust belt.
Indigenous beliefs about biomedical and bush medicine treatment efficacy for indigenous cancer patients: a review of the literature
Authors: van Schaik K. D. , Thompson S. C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:  Australia's Indigenous people suffer from higher cancer mortality than non‐Indigenous Australians, a discrepancy partly caused by differences in beliefs about treatment efficacy between Indigenous patients and their non‐Indigenous healthcare providers. This paper critically reviews the literature associated with Indigenous beliefs about cancer treatment, both ‘bush medicine’ and biomedical, in order to provide recommendations to healthcare providers about accommodating Indigenous beliefs when treating cancer.Methods:  A search was undertaken of peer‐reviewed journal papers using electronic databases and citation snowballing. Papers were selected for inclusion based upon relevance to themes that addressed the research questions.Results:  Literature suggests that Indigenous beliefs about treatment efficacy for cancer involve five themes: (i) concerns about the toxicity of treatment; (ii) disconnect with the physician; (iii) fears about absence from home during treatment; (iv) different beliefs about disease aetiology; (v) biomedical cancer treatments failing to address holistic health.Conclusions:  Although some information is known about Indigenous Australian healing beliefs and practices associated with cancer treatment, few studies have addressed ways in which Indigenous and biomedical approaches to cancer treatment might be integrated. Some recent work has examined the role of belief in cancer treatment, specifically bush medicine, but more research is required.
Influenza‐associated bacterial pathogens in patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection: impact of community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Hayashi Y. , Vaska V. L. , Baba H. , Nimmo G. R. , Davis L. , Paterson D. L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:  Secondary bacterial pneumonia due to community onset methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a highly publicised cause of influenza‐associated death. There is a risk that case reports of fatal outcomes with post‐influenza MRSA pneumonia may unduly influence antibiotic prescribing.Aims:  The aim of this study was to demonstrate the incidence of community‐onset MRSA pneumonia in 2009 H1N1 influenza patients.Methods:  The microbiology records of patients positive for influenza A (H1N1) in 2009 were reviewed for positive blood or respiratory tract cultures and urinary pneumococcal antigen results within a Queensland database. Patients with such positive results within 48 h of hospital admission and a positive H1N1 influenza result in the prior 6 weeks were included.Results:  In 2009, 4491 laboratory‐confirmed pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infections were detected. Fifty patients (1.1% of the H1N1 cohort) who were hospitalised with H1N1 and who had a bacterial respiratory tract pathogen were identified. Streptococcus pneumoniae (16 patients; 32%), Staphylococcus aureus (13 patients; 26%) and Haemophilus influenzae (9 patients; 18%) were the most commonly cultured organisms. Of the cohort of 4491 patients, MRSA was detected in only two patients, both of whom were admitted to intensive care units and survived after prolonged admissions.Conclusions:  Influenza‐associated community‐onset MRSA pneumonia was infrequently identified in the 2009 H1N1 season in Queensland, despite community‐onset MRSA skin and soft tissue infections being very common. Although post‐influenza MRSA pneumonia is of great concern, its influence on empiric‐prescribing guidelines should take into account its incidence relative to other secondary bacterial pathogens.
Side effects of intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections on ejaculation and fertility in men with spinal cord injury: preliminary findings
Authors: Caremel Romain , Courtois Frédérique , Charvier Kathleen , Ruffion Alain , Journel Nicolas Morel 
Published: October 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The beneficial effect of intradetrusor botulinum toxin (BT) injections on hyperactive bladders in individuals with spinal cord injury is known from the literature, but its potential effect on ejaculation and fertility through diffusion is not. As BT injection paralyses the bladder muscle, it may also paralyse the muscular envelopes of the adjacent reproductive organs and lead to potential negative side effects, which have not been studied yet. This study provides preliminary data on the potential negative side effects of BT injections on semen volume and retrograde ejaculation, as well as some potential beneficial effects on semen quality.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of botulinum neurotoxin A on ejaculation potential and fertility. Intradetrusor injection of botulinum neurotoxin A is most commonly used nowadays to treat overactive bladder in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Retrospective analyses were carried out of 11 patients with complete lesions from C5 to T6 who had received botulinum (BT) injections for their overactive bladder and who had undergone ejaculation tests before and after BT treatment.
RESULTS
BT treatment was found effective in improving bladder function in up to 85% of the cases.
While no patients maintained natural ejaculation following their SCI, BT treatment was found to increase the incidence of retrograde ejaculation (vibrostimulation) in 46% of cases and to diminish semen volume in 77% of cases, from an average of 1.8 mL to 1 mL.
Semen quality was slightly improved following BT treatment, sperm mobility increased in 67% of cases, sperm vitality in 50% and semen culture improved in 43%.
CONCLUSIONS
BT treatment has beneficial and detrimental effects on ejaculation function. The detrimental effects involve retrograde ejaculation and reduced semen volume, which are explained by the spread of toxin to the bladder neck, reducing its tonus, and to the smooth muscle sexual accessory organs, reducing the strength of their contraction.
The beneficial effects are explained by the reduced contamination of the semen by urinary infection, which may improve spermatogenesis and subsequent semen quality.
The results are discussed in terms of their clinical implications and advice to patients.
Implementation and external validation of Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical (PADUA) score for predicting complications in 74 consecutive partial nephrectomies
Authors: Tyritzis Stavros I. , Papadoukakis Stefanos , Katafigiotis Ioannis , Adamakis Ioannis , Anastasiou Ioannis , Stravodimos Konstantinos G. , Alamanis Christos , Mitropoulos Dionisios , Constantinides Constantinos A. 
Published: October 2011

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the gold standard operation for small renal tumours.The decision for or against a PN has been based mostly on preoperative radiological evaluation of the tumour. Three nephrometry scoring systems have been recently proposed for prediction of postoperative complications of PN (RENAL, C‐index and PADUA).We validate externally the accuracy of the PADUA system and suggest for the first time a novel scoring system, based on the original PADUA system, which implements three other significant factors for the postoperative course of a partial.OBJECTIVE
To externally validate the Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical (PADUA) classification of renal tumours managed by partial nephrectomy (PN).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Seventy‐four consecutive patients in a single academic tertiary institution underwent open PN.
Incidence of 90‐day complications was stratified by several clinicopathological variables, such as gender, age of the patient, hospital stay, pathology report, tumour characteristics and positive surgical margins. PADUA scores were given to each case.
The severity of complications was also categorized with the Clavien system.
RESULTS
The optimal threshold of PADUA for the prediction of complications was 8 with a sensitivity equal to 90.9% and a specificity equal to 77.8% (area under the curve [AUC], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–1.00).
Multivariate analysis revealed that that PADUA is an independent predictor for the risk of complications.
Also, PADUA score ≥8 identified a group of patients with almost 20‐fold higher risk of complications (hazard ratio [HR]= 19.82; 95% CI, 1.79–28.35; P= 0.015).
Patients with papillary histology had greater risk for complications than those with clear‐cell tumours (HR = 4.88; 95% CI, 1.34–17.76; P= 0.016).
CONCLUSIONS
The PADUA score is a simple anatomical system that predicts the risk of postoperative complications. This is the first external validation of this system for open PN from a single centre.
The authors believe that PADUA is an efficient tool, since the only variable of the present study that predicted a higher incidence of complications was the histology type, which is determined after surgery.
However, it should be applied to laparoscopic and robot‐assisted series and it could also include the ischaemia time and surgeon experience in the overall scoring to be complete.
Topical fluticasone propionate: intervention and maintenance treatment options of atopic dermatitis based on a high therapeutic index
Authors: Korting H.C. , Schöllmann C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFluticasone propionate (FP), a medium potent glucocorticoid (class III) of carbothioate nature with a favourable benefit/risk ratio, has emerged as a standard medication for the topical treatment of inflammatory skin disorders, in particular atopic dermatitis (AD). FP is available as a 0.05% cream and a 0.005% ointment formulation. The glucocorticoid is characterized by high lipophilicity, high affinity binding to the glucocorticoid receptor and a rapid hepatic biotransformation. Though skin blanching following topical application of FP surpasses that given with glucocorticoids of medium strength, clinical trials show a low potential of FP for local and systemic adverse effects. Even in paediatric patients with AD as well as in difficult‐to‐treat areas like face, eyelids and intertriginous areas, FP proved to be both effective and safe. Thus, the therapeutic effects of FP clearly outweigh the unwanted effects. Correspondingly, a therapeutic index of 2.0 can be attributed to this glucocorticoid. In this respect, topical FP does not differ from other topical glucocorticoids with increased benefit‐to‐risk ratio, e.g. prednicarbate, methylprednisolone aceponate and mometasone furoate. However, randomized controlled trials do not only support conventional intervention but also innovative maintenance treatment.
The prevalence of interdigital erythrasma in southern region of Turkey
Authors: Inci M. , Serarslan G. , Ozer B. , Inan M.U. , Evirgen O. , Erkaslan Alagoz G. , Duran N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground  Erythrasma is a skin infection which is caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum. Interdigital erythrasma is the most common form.Objective  The aim of this study was to detect the frequency and risk factors of interdigital erythrasma in patients with clinically suspected tinea pedis.Methods  This study was conducted between June and December 2010 and included 122 patients who had interdigital foot lesions. All patients were examined using a Wood’s lamp. The smears were stained using Gram’s method. Direct examination was performed using 20% potassium hydroxide. Sabouraud dextrose agar and brain heart infusion agar were used for cultures. Moreover, the demographical characteristics of patients, concomitant diseases and clinical findings were also recorded. Cases that were found to be positive on Wood’s lamp examination and/or Gram staining/culture were considered as erythrasma.Results  The rate of erythrasma was found to be 46.7%. The mean age was 43.6 years, and the disease was more prevalent in men. The most common clinical finding was desquamation. Mycological examination was found as positive in 40.35% of the patients. No growth was observed in bacteriological cultures. It was found that using only Wood’s lamp examination or Gram staining resulted in 11 (9%) and 19 positive patients (15.6%), respectively, whereas using both Wood’s lamp examination and Gram staining concurrently resulted in 27 positive patients (22.1%).Conclusion  Interdigital erythrasma is a commonly seen condition and can clinically mimic tinea pedis. A Wood’s lamp is a good diagnostic tool, but Gram staining, particularly in those with a negative Wood’s lamp result, may be a useful method.
Genetic structure and phylogeography of platypuses revealed by mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Gongora Jaime , Swan Amelia B. , Chong Amanda Y. , Ho Simon Y. W. , Damayanti Chandramaya S. , Kolomyjec Stephen , Grant Tom , Miller Emily , Blair David , Furlan Elise , Gust Nick 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus is an endemic monotreme species with a wide latitudinal distribution in eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Understanding of the phylogeography within this species is very limited at present and represents a gap in the documentation of Australia's unique biodiversity. We analysed mitochondrial DNA sequences (partial control region and complete cytochrome b, including portions of flanking tRNAs) of 74 individuals from across the distribution of the species. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequences corroborated the primary split within the platypus, showing two major clades: one from mainland Australia and the other from Tasmania/King Island. Estimates of divergence times suggest that these clades last shared a common mitochondrial ancestor ∼0.7–0.94 Ma. Using an extended dataset of partial control region sequences from 284 individuals, we found evidence of genetic structure between river basins, primarily within mainland Australia, as well as an additional divergent lineage in North‐eastern Australia. Overall, few haplotypes were shared between river basins. Analyses of molecular variance of the control region sequences indicated low rates of gene flow and significant divergence, particularly at the river basin and geographical area scales.
Alcohol Promotes Mammary Tumor Development via the Estrogen Pathway in Estrogen Receptor Alpha‐Negative HER2/neu Mice
Authors: Wong Amy W. , Dunlap Sarah M. , Holcomb Valerie B. , Nunez Nomeli P. 
Published: October 2011

Background:  Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for breast cancer. Yet, the mechanism by which alcohol affects breast cancer development remains unresolved. The transition from the premenopausal to the postmenopausal phase is associated with a drastic reduction in systemic estrogen levels. It is not clear whether the risk of breast cancer attributable to alcohol consumption is modified by the different levels of estrogen found in pre‐ and postmenopausal women. The objective of this study is to determine whether the effects of alcohol on mammary tumor development are dependent on the presence of ovarian estrogen.Methods:  As a model of breast cancer, we used mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)‐neu transgenic mice that overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) in the mammary epithelium, resulting in the development of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)‐negative mammary tumors. The mammary tumorigenesis process in these mice is similar to that of patients with HER2 breast cancer. Nonovariectomized (NOVX) and ovariectomized (OVX) MMTV‐neu mice were exposed to 0, 5, and 20% ethanol in the drinking water. Breast cancer development and progression were determined alongside the effects of alcohol on estrogen availability and signaling.Results:  Our data show that 20% alcohol consumption promoted tumor development in MMTV‐neu mice only in the presence of ovarian hormones. Tumor promotion was associated with increased systemic estrogen levels, increased expression of aromatase (the rate‐limiting enzyme in estrogen synthesis), and increased expression of ERα in the tumors of 20% alcohol‐consuming MMTV‐neu mice. Additionally, we show that ovariectomy (removal of the ovaries and ovarian hormone production) blocked the effects of 20% alcohol on tumor development.Conclusions:  Our results support the notion that alcohol consumption promotes HER2 breast cancer development via the estrogen signaling pathway. Additionally, they suggest that the effects of alcohol on breast cancer may be prevented by blocking estrogen signaling.
Post‐Treatment Outcomes in a Double‐Blind, Randomized Trial of Sertraline for Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Kranzler Henry R. , Armeli Stephen , Tennen Howard 
Published: October 2011

Background:  Pharmacotherapy studies in alcohol dependence (AD) are generally of short duration and do not include post‐treatment follow‐up. We examined the durability of treatment effects in a placebo‐controlled trial of sertraline for AD.Methods:  As previously reported, patients received 12 weeks of treatment with sertraline (n = 63) or placebo (n = 71), followed by assessments at 3 and 6 months post‐treatment (Kranzler et al., 2011, J Clin Psychopharmacol 31:22–30). We examined the main and interaction effects with time of 3 between‐subject factors (medication group, age of onset of AD [late‐onset alcoholics, LOAs, vs. early‐onset alcoholics, EOAs], and the tri‐allelic 5‐HTTLPR genotype) on drinking days (DDs) and heavy drinking days (HDDs).Results:  The medication group effect, which was significant during treatment, remained significant during the 3‐month follow‐up period for L’/L’ LOAs, with the sertraline group having fewer DDs than the placebo group (p = 0.027). However, the medication group effect seen in L’/L’ EOAs during treatment was no longer significant (p = 0.48). There were no significant effects in S’ carriers at the 3‐month follow‐up visit, or in either genotype group at the 6‐month follow‐up.Conclusions:  The beneficial effects of sertraline observed in LOAs during treatment persisted during the 3‐month post‐treatment period. Additional studies are needed to validate these pharmacogenetic findings, which together with the effects seen during active treatment support the use of sertraline only in LOAs.
Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence, incidence, and residual risk of transmission by transfusions at Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II blood centers in Brazil
Authors: Sabino Ester C. , Gonçalez Thelma T. , Carneiro‐Proietti Anna Bárbara , Sarr Moussa , Ferreira João Eduardo , Sampaio Divaldo A. , Salles Nanci A. , Wright David J. , Custer Brian , Busch Michael ,   for the NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II), International Component
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: In Brazil nationally representative donor data are limited on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, incidence, and residual transfusion risk. The objective of this study was to analyze HIV data obtained over 24 months by the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II program in Brazil.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Donations reactive to third‐ and fourth‐generation immunoassays (IAs) were further confirmed by a less‐sensitive (LS) IA algorithm and Western blot (WB). Incidence was calculated for first‐time (FT) donors using the LS‐EIA results and for repeat donors with a model developed to include all donors with a previous negative donation. Residual risk was projected by multiplying composite FT and repeat donor incidence rates by HIV marker–negative infectious window periods.RESULTS: HIV prevalence among FT donors was 92.2/105 donations. FT and repeat donor and composite incidences were 38.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.6‐51.4), 22.5 (95% CI, 17.6‐28.0), and 27.5 (95% CI, 22.0‐33.0) per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. Male and community donors had higher prevalence and incidence rates than female and replacement donors. The estimated residual risk of HIV transfusion transmission was 11.3 per 106 donations (95% CI, 8.4‐14.2), which could be reduced to 4.2 per 106 donations (95% CI, 3.2‐5.2) by use of individual‐donation nucleic acid testing (NAT).CONCLUSION: The incidence and residual transfusion risk of HIV infection are relatively high in Brazil. Implementation of NAT will not be sufficient to decrease transmission rates to levels seen in the United States or Europe; therefore, other measures focused on decreasing donations by at‐risk individuals are also necessary.
Hepatitis B virus transmission by blood transfusion during 4 years of individual‐donation nucleic acid testing in South Africa: estimated and observed window period risk
Authors: Vermeulen Marion , Dickens Caroline , Lelie Nico , Walker Evangelia , Coleman Charl , Keyter Mark , Reddy Ravi , Crookes Robert , Kramvis Anna 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: Since October 2005, a total of 2,921,561 blood donations have been screened by the South African National Blood Service for hepatitis B virus (HBV) by individual‐donation nucleic acid testing (ID‐NAT). Over 4 years, 149 hepatitis B surface antigen–negative acute‐phase HBV NAT–positive donations were identified (1:19,608). The lookback program identified one probable HBV transmission.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The complete genomes of HBV isolated from the donor and recipient were sequenced, cloned, and analyzed phylogenetically. The HBV window period (WP) transmission risk was estimated assuming a minimum infectious dose of 3.7 HBV virions and an incidence rate correction factor of 1.34 for transient detectability of HBV DNA.RESULTS: Of 149 acute‐phase HBV NAT yields, 114 (1:25,627) were classified as pre–antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) WP and 35 (1:83,473) as post–anti‐HBc WP. The acute‐phase transmission risk in the HBV DNA–negative pre‐ and post–anti‐HBc WPs (of 15.3 and 1.3 days, respectively) was estimated at 1:40,000 and 1:480,000, respectively. One HBV transmission (1:2,900,000) was identified in a patient who received a transfusion from an ID‐NAT–nonreactive donor in the pre–anti‐HBc WP. Sequence analysis confirmed transmission of HBV Subgenotype A1 with 99.7% nucleotide homology between donor and recipient strains. The viral burden in the infectious red blood cell unit was estimated at 32 (22‐43) HBV DNA copies/20 mL of plasma.CONCLUSION: We report the first known case of transfusion‐transmitted HBV infection by blood screened using ID‐NAT giving an observed HBV transmission rate of 0.34 per million. The estimated pre–acute‐phase transmission risk in the ID‐NAT screened donor population was 73‐fold higher than the observed WP transmission rate.