bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konzeptionierungen des Prädikativums in der Indogermania
Authors: Lühr Rosemarie 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Copular complements of Indo-European languages can be expressed either through a more static, nominal concept or through a more transient, verbal one. This is a twofold paradigm, which is realized in a different manner for each of the individual Indo-European languages, for instance by the presence or lack of a copular verb or word order. In Vedic for example the predicative adjective occurs before the noun and therefore stands for a nominal concept, comparable with the position of the attributive adjective. But Vedic has also a special kind of word formation which differentiates between the two concepts, i.e. the two distinct accent patterns for the nomen agentis formed with-tar-, the acrostatic and the hysterodynamic pattern. The acrostatic accent, the more verbal pattern, retains unmodified elements of the basic verb whereas the hysterodynamic pattern requires a complement as genitivus
obiectivus and therefore represents a more nominal concept. The acrostatic type can be related to a stage level predicate and the hysterodynamic one to an individual level predicate. Vedic therefore yields a very important contribution to the study of the properties which are predicated over the referent of the subject.
„Polemik satt und Wahlkampf pur" - Das postnominale Adjektiv im Deutschen
Authors: Dürscheid Christa 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to uncover the characteristic properties of postnominal adjectives and to describe selected samples in the generative framework of X-bar theory. After a descriptive account of the data we will classify the superficially similar constructions into eight subgroups and point out the factors determining the function of adjectives as attributes, predicates or adverbials. The focus of the generative analysis is on the syntax of those uninflected bare adjectives which immediately follow the modifyee without intonational break as attributive modifiers, as for example constructions of the type
Preparation of a Large Size Granular Specimen Using a Rainer System with a Porous Plate
Authors: Choi Sung-Kun , Lee Moon-Joo , Choo Hyunwook , Tumay Mehmet T. , Lee Woojin 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In this study, a rainer system capable of forming a large homogeneous granular specimen is introduced. A series of laboratory tests is carried out in order to study the performance of the proposed system. The features of the rainer system used in this study are the adoption of a porous plate and the air-pluviation without changing the deposition intensity. Without a porous plate, the rainer induces an insignificant density increase with increasing drop height, providing a dense to very dense specimen. However, the rainer with a porous plate produces a medium dense to dense specimen, with a drastic density increase at drop heights of 10–40 cm and a progressively reduced rate of density increase at larger drop heights. It is shown that the density obtained by using a porous plate rainer with a 70 cm drop height is similar to that achieved by using a conventional rainer with a 10 cm drop height. It is concluded that the use of a conventional rainer that adopts a porous plate significantly widens the range of density achievable even without an alteration in the deposition intensity. It is also concluded that using the rainer with a porous plate significantly improves the vertical and horizontal homogeneities of the specimen. The relative density evaluated from the measured cone resistance appears to provide a reasonable estimation at depths of 40–80 cm. The profile of shear wave velocity measured using bender elements seems to accurately reflect the vertical non-uniformity of the specimen.
Wilusa: Reconsidering the Evidence
Authors: Pantazis Vangelis D. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The detailed examination of the sources presented here have indicated that the prevailing opinion, according to which Wilusa is to be identified with Homeric (F)ilios and Taruisa with Troas, should be abandoned. In our opinion, Wilusa was most probably an inland vassal state between Hatti, Lukka, Seha and Millawanda. Its only possible location, being in full agreement with the Hittite texts, should be in the upper course of the Meander. It is not mere coincidence that in this specific area a pre-Hellenic toponym, that is very similar to Wilusa, survived as the seat of a bishop until the early Christian period, namely Ilouza (’Ίλουζα). Wilusa/Ilouza should be identified with the prehistoric city of Beycesultan, where one of the most important administrative centres of the Bronze Age and subsequently an Early Christian city flourished. Accordingly, the next member of Aššuwa coalition T(a)ruisa can tentatively be identified with the pre-Hellenic site of Trysa, in south Lycia.
The Regulation Helmet of the Phalanx and the Introduction of the Concept of Uniform in the Macedonian Army at the End of the Reign of Alexander the Great
Authors: Juhel Pierre 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A few lines from the Middle Roman Empire chronicler Julius Africanus reveal that Alexander had the Macedonian army adopt the Lacedaemonian helmet, the ubiquitous pilos. Numismatic iconography of the end of Alexander’s reign confirms the words of Julius Africanus. The pilos is the forerunner of the kônos, the pre-eminent helmet of the Macedonian army during the Hellenistic period. The introduction of the pilos is part of the re-equipment of Macedonian troops during the Asian campaign, made possible by the immense treasures amassed by the Great King. It is probably between the years 330/329 and 325 BC, that the Macedonian army was thus equipped or re-equipped from head to toe. In addition to a standard type helmet, various other clues seem to support the theory of introduction of a uniform amidst the Macedonian army under the reign of Alexander the Great, particularly within the infantry.
On the Origin of Greek Cavalry Shields in the Hellenistic Period
Authors: Nefedkin Alexander K. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
There are two main hypotheses about the adoption of the shield by the Hellenistic cavalry. Some scholars think that the Greeks borrowed the shield from Italy via Pyrrhus’ army, others suppose that it was borrowed from the Galatians. However, the hypotheses are theoretical, without proven arguments. According to the iconography, in the Hellenistic epoch the majority of Greek mounted shield-bearers were armed with large round shields of four various kinds, and a few of them carried oblong shields. The round shield was untypical for the Celts and therefore the Greeks borrowed it not from them but from Italy. As the dates of monuments depicting the cavalrymen have not been precisely determined, one can say only that the adoption happened during the third century BC. The Graeco-Macedonian cavalry had been using oblong shields of the Celtic type since the 270s BC. However, as far as we know, this type of shield was not widespread among the Hellenistic cavalry.
Robust efficient hedging for American options: The existence of worst case probability measures
Authors: Trevino Aguilar Erick 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Our problem here starts when the seller of an American option H has an initial capital c and aims to control shortfall risk by optimally trading in the market. We consider the case where the initial capital c is smaller than the superhedging cost of H. Thus, it is meaningful to consider efficient strategies of partial hedging. We investigate in the American case the approach of Föllmer and Leukert of efficiently hedging European options. At the same time, we consider situations where the model R is ambiguous. This implies that the seller´s preference is going to be represented by a robust loss functional, involving a whole class of absolutely continuous probability measures Q. We apply a construction due to Föllmer and Kramkov on the existence of Fatou-convergent sequences of convex combinations of supermartingales, to show that optimal strategies minimizing such a functional exist. We then show that the robust efficient hedging problem can be reduced into a non-robust problem of efficient hedging with respect to a worst case probability measure Q
*∈Q, if Q satisfies a compactness condition and H is essentially bounded.
Minimum risk equivariant estimator in linear regression model
Authors: Jurecková Jana , Picek Jan 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The minimum risk equivariant estimator (MRE) of the regression parameter vector
β
in the linear regression model enjoys the finite-sample optimality property, but its calculation is difficult, with an exception of few special cases. We study some possible approximations of MRE, with distribution of the errors being known or unknown: A finite-sample approximation uses the Hájek–Hoeffding projection or the Hoeffding–van Zwet decomposition of an initial equivariant estimator of
β
, a large-sample approximation is based on the asymptotic representation of the same. A nonparametric approximation uses the expected value with respect to the conditional empirical distribution function, developed by Stute (1986). The only possible approximation avoiding a difficult calculation of conditional expectations is the asymptotic approximation, based on the score function of the underlying distribution of the errors.
Estimating Divergence Parameters With Small Samples From a Large Number of Loci
Authors: Wang Yong , Hey Jody 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Most methods for studying divergence with gene flow rely upon data from many individuals at few loci. Such data can be useful for inferring recent population history but they are unlikely to contain sufficient information about older events. However, the growing availability of genome sequences suggests a different kind of sampling scheme, one that may be more suited to studying relatively ancient divergence. Data sets extracted from whole-genome alignments may represent very few individuals but contain a very large number of loci. To take advantage of such data we developed a new maximum-likelihood method for genomic data under the isolation-with-migration model. Unlike many coalescent-based likelihood methods, our method does not rely on Monte Carlo sampling of genealogies, but rather provides a precise calculation of the likelihood by numerical integration over all genealogies. We demonstrate that the method works well on simulated data sets. We also consider two models for accommodating mutation rate variation among loci and find that the model that treats mutation rates as random variables leads to better estimates. We applied the method to the divergence of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans and detected a low, but statistically significant, signal of gene flow from D. simulans to D. melanogaster.
The Genetics of Postmating, Prezygotic Reproductive Isolation Between Drosophila virilis and D. americana
Authors: Sweigart Andrea L 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the rapid diversification of reproductive genes that function after mating but before fertilization. This process might lead to the evolution of postmating, prezygotic barriers between species. Here, I investigate the phenotypic and genetic basis of postmating, prezygotic isolation between two closely related species of Drosophila, Drosophila virilis and D. americana. I show that a strong barrier to interspecific fertilization results in a 99% reduction in progeny production. A genetic interaction among maternal and paternal alleles at only a few loci prevents the fertilization of D. virilis females by D. americana males. These loci are autosomal and isolation acts recessively; the fertilization incompatibility is caused by at least two loci in the maternal D. virilis parent in combination with at least three loci in the paternal D. americana parent. These findings, together with results from classical experiments, suggest that male–female coevolution within D. americana may have driven postmating, prezygotic isolation between species.
Severe Thrombocytopenia in the NICU
Authors: Baer Vickie L. , Lambert Diane K. , Henry Erick , Christensen Robert D. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE: Severe thrombocytopenia (platelets ≤ 50000/μL) in a NICU patient can have significant consequences; however, previous reports have not focused exclusively on NICU patients with counts this low.
METHODS: We identified all patients with severe thrombocytopenia who were cared for in the Intermountain Healthcare level III NICUs from 2003–2007.
RESULTS: Among 11281 NICU admissions, severe thrombocytopenia was identified in 273 (2.4%). Just over 30% of these presented in the first three days of life. Half presented by day 10, 75% by day 27, and 95% by day 100. The prevalence was inversely related to birth weight. Cutaneous bleeding was more common in patients with platelet counts of &lt;20000/μL; however, no statistically significant correlation was found between platelet counts and pulmonary, gastrointestinal, or intraventricular bleeding. The most common explanations for severe thrombocytopenia were acquired varieties of consumptive thrombocytopenia. Platelet transfusions (median 5, range 0–76) were administered to 86% of the patients. No deaths were ascribed to exsanguinations. The mortality rate did not correlate with the lowest platelet count but was proportionate to the number of platelet transfusions.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of severe thrombocytopenia in the NICU is inversely proportional to birth weight and most cases are acquired consumptive thrombocytopenias. We speculate that very low platelet counts are a causal factor in cutaneous bleeding, but pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and intraventricular bleeding are less influenced by the platelet count and occur primarily from causes other than severe thrombocytopenia. The lowest platelet count does not predict the mortality rate but the number of platelet transfusions received does.
Recent Results for All-Dry-Processed CdTe/CdS Solar Cells
Authors: Dhere Ramesh , Duenow Joel , Duda Anna , Glynn Stephen , Li Jian , Metzger Wyatt K. , Moutinho Helio , Gessert Timothy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeveral wet-processing steps are used in fabricating high-efficiency CdTe/CdS solar cells. These steps can hinder in-line processing; thus, developing an all-dry processing option is attractive for a manufacturing-friendly process. In this study, we systematically modified the baseline process used in our laboratory to replace CdS deposited by chemical-bath deposition (CBD) with sputter-deposited CdS and Cu-doped graphite paste back-contact with Cu-doped ZnTe deposited by radio-frequency sputtering. In addition to CdTe deposited by close-spaced sublimation, we also used conventionally evaporated CdTe. The results show that replacing only CBD CdS with oxygenated CdS deposited by sputtering produces devices with performance comparable to baseline devices if the front bilayer SnO2 is replaced by a Cd2SnO4/ZnSnO alloy. Replacing the graphite paste back-contact with sputter-deposited Cu-doped ZnTe resulted in device performance comparable to baseline devices. Incorporating both dry processing steps gave performance comparable to the devices with sputtered CdS with a SnO2 front contact. We used capacitance-voltage and minority-carrier lifetime measurements to analyze the factors affecting device performance and we present the results here.
Utilizing Polarization Induced Band Bending for InGaN Solar Cell Design
Authors: Jampana Balakrishnam R , Ferguson Ian T , Opila Robert L , Honsberg Christiana B 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStrong polarization effects observed in III-nitride materials can invert the surface carrier type. The corresponding band bending can be used to design InGaN solar cells. Similar surface inversion was observed in the past with silicon-based Schottky-barrier solar cells, but was limited by Fermi level pinning. The formation of two-dimensional electron gas by polarization fields in III-nitrides has been reported. Using a similar idea, the growth of a thin AlN capping layer on p-InGaN has resulted in band bending, hence depletion region, under the surface that can be used separate any generated photo-carriers. Hall measurements at different depths on these structures confirm the inversion of surface carrier type. Solar cells based on this concept have resulted in an open circuit voltage of 2.15 V and short circuit current of 21.8 μA.
Outdoor characterisation of High Efficiency Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Pravettoni Mauro , Virtuani Alessandro , Kenny Robert P. , Farrell Daniel J , Chatten Amanda J. , Barnham Keith W.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis work presents recent results on outdoor characterisation of high efficiency luminescent solar concentrators. Outdoor measurements at 25�C and corrected to 1000 W/m2 have been compared with indoor characterization according to the international standards for conventional photovoltaic devices. Dependence of electrical parameters with temperature is also shown, together with results of various 1-day monitoring campaigns of luminescent concentrators performance under varying irradiance conditions. Results highlight the importance of those devices as potentially cheap, residential concentrating systems.
Enhancement of Fluorescence in Colloidal CuInS2 Nanocrystals by Introduction of Crystal Defect
Authors: Uehara Masato , Watanabe Kosuke , Tajiri Yasuyuki , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Maeda Hideaki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCu-In-S nanocrystals were developed as a low toxic fluorescent. The stoichiometric CuInS2 nanocrystals were synthesized facilely by heating a solution of metal complexes. The fluorescence would be originated from the crystal defect. We intentionally introduced the crystal defects related to Cu deficiency in nanocrystal with the prospect that the fluorescence intensity would be increased. The nanocrystals have many defects without phase separation as observed in bulk material. Consequently, the fluorescence quantum yield achieved to c.a. 6%. Moreover, the fluorescence quantum yield was increased up to 15% by the ZnS-coating.
Synthesis and Characterization of Submicron-Sized and Monodisperse Liquid Crystal Capsules
Authors: Liu Yi-Chun , Lin Sheng-Wen , Kuo Hui-Lung 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHere we developed a new method to prepare the liquid crystal particles by first synthesizing the monodisperse hollow inorganic spheres and then allowing the liquid crystals to infiltrate into the hollow spheres. The resulting liquid crystal colloidal particles have a diameter of 285nm with a low polydispersity of 0.03. DSC thermograms showed a clear peak at around 30 degree, indicating the isotropic-nematic transition of liquid crystals encapsulated in the silica shells. The inorganic shells can prevent liquid crystals inside from leaking out and also hold the spherical shape of colloidal particles after the evaporation of the dispersant. A thin film assembled by the liquid crystal colloidal particles was also prepared in this report.
Self-Assembly and Raman Spectroscopy of Additive Coated Nanocrystals
Authors: Romann Julien , Chevallier Virginie , Merlen Alexandre , Valmalette Jean-Christophe 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCopper oxalate 1 �m-sized nanocrystalline assemblies with several shapes (cushions, lenses, drilled cushions, and square rods) have been obtained by aqueous precipitation without additive, with glycerol, with PEG and with HPMC. Respective influences of these additives on the nanocrystals self-assembly are suggested from the obtained particles morphologies to provide a better understanding of this assembly process. Raman spectroscopy is used to highlight fluorescence occurring on the copper oxalate samples synthesized with additives. This additive induced fluorescence is suggested to result from specific interactions between the nanocrystals and the adsorbed additives.
Electrostatic Switching in Vertically Oriented Nanotubes for Nonvolatile Memory Applications
Authors: Kaul Anupama B. , Khan Paul , Jennings Andrew T. , Greer Julia , Megerian Krikor G. , Allmen Paul von 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have demonstrated electrostatic switching in vertically oriented nanotubes or nanofibers, where a nanoprobe was used as the actuating electrode inside an SEM. When the nanoprobe was manipulated to be in close proximity to a single tube, switching voltages between 10 V – 40 V were observed, depending on the geometrical parameters. The turn-on transitions appeared to be much sharper than the turn-off transitions which were limited by the tube-to-probe contact resistances. In many cases, stiction forces at these dimensions were dominant, since the tube appeared stuck to the probe even after the voltage returned to 0 V, suggesting that such structures are promising for nonvolatile memory applications. The stiction effects, to some extent, can be adjusted by engineering the switch geometry appropriately. Nanoscale mechanical measurements were also conducted on the tubes using a custom-built nanoindentor inside an SEM, from which preliminary material parameters, such as the elastic modulus, were extracted. The mechanical measurements also revealed that the tubes appear to be well adhered to the substrate. The material parameters gathered from the mechanical measurements were then used in developing an electrostatic model of the switch using a commercially available finite-element simulator. The calculated pull-in voltages appeared to be in agreement to the experimentally obtained switching voltages to first order.
Civil Engineering Practice
Authors: Beadman David 
Published: November 2009

Civil Engineering Practice is the journal of the Boston Society of the Civil Engineers Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and is published twice yearly, in the Spring and Fall. Subscription rates outside the USA are $40/year for individuals and $45/year for libraries or corporate bodies. ISSN 0886–9685. Civil Engineering Practice focuses on practice-oriented papers written by practitioners, regulators and academics, and largely reports projects and research associated with the Boston area. There is the occasional paper dealing with an international project, when design or research for the project has been carried out by an organisation based in the Boston area. About 20% of the papers are concerned directly with geotechnics, and many other papers include aspects of geotechnics. The following papers relate to geotechnics from the 2001 Spring and Fall editions of the journal.