bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbundträger mit Puzzleleisten und hochfesten Werkstoffen
Authors: Heinemeyer Sabine , Gallwoszus Joerg , Hegger Josef 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDurch die Verwendung von hochfesten Betonen und Baustählen können mit geringem Materialeinsatz hochtragfähige und zugleich filigrane Verbundkonstruktionen hergestellt werden. Durch die höhere Tragfähigkeit des Verbundquerschnitts aus hochfesten Werkstoffen steigen auch die Anforderungen an die Verbundmittel zur Übertragung der größeren Schubkräfte. Während klassische Kopfbolzendübel nicht den Anforderungen an Steifigkeit und an Duktilität in höherfestem Beton genügen, kommen zunehmend aufgeschweißte oder in den Steg eines doppelsymmetrischen Stahlprofils geschnittene Verbunddübelleisten zur Anwendung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Untersuchungen vorgestellt, die die wesentlichen Einflüsse auf das Tragverhalten von Puzzleleisten wie Blechdicke, Stahlfasergehalt und ‐orientierung, Betondeckung und ‐festigkeit sowie Querbewehrungsgrad beschreiben. Aufbauend auf einer ausführlichen Datenbank und begleitenden numerischen Untersuchungen wurde auf Grundlage der Versuchsergebnisse ein Bemessungskonzept für Verbunddübelleisten hergeleitet. Das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten von Verbundträgern wurde anhand von 4‐Punkt‐Biegeversuchen untersucht. Mit Hilfe dieser Versuchsergebnisse und einer ergänzenden Parameterstudie wurde ein Bemessungsmodell für Verbundträger entwickelt, das eine sichere plastische Bemessung von Verbundträgern mit hochfesten Werkstoffen erlaubt.Composite beams with puzzle strip shear connectors and high strength materials. With high strength concrete and steel sustainable and slender structures can be achieved. Due to the increased load carrying capacity of the composite cross‐section the stresses in the composite joint also increase and, thus, the shear connectors have to meet higher requirements concerning the load carrying capacity. Since headed studs are not strong and ductile enough in higher strength concrete, composite dowels are applied which can be welded onto or cut into the steel profile. This paper presents the results of an extensive test program identifying and quantifying the most important parameters. On the basis of the experimental tests and accompanying numerical simulations and database evaluations design models and construction guidelines have been derived. The efficiency of the puzzle strip and the plastic moment carrying capacity of the composite cross‐section have been investigated in beam tests. Additional theoretical investigations led to a design model enabling a safe and efficient design of composite beams with high strength materials.
Verbund zwischen Stahl und Selbstverdichtendem Beton in Verbundstützen
Authors: Szmigiera Elżbieta 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDie Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Verbund in Stahl‐Verbundstützen beim Einsatz von Selbstverdichtendem Beton. Die zugehörigen Laborversuche wurden an Prüfkörpern aus zwei gestoßenen und mit Stahlplatten abgedeckten I‐Profilen durchgeführt, deren Innenraum mit Selbstverdichtendem Beton gefüllt war. Die Versuchsbedingungen entsprachen früheren Versuchen der Verfasser, bei denen konventioneller Rüttelbeton verwendet wurde. Die Versuchsergebnisse lassen die Aussage zu, dass die Verbundqualität in Verbundstützen von der Betonfestigkeit abhängt. Gleichzeitig zeichnet sich ab, dass der Selbstverdichtende Beton gegenüber dem Rüttelbeton reduzierte Verbundqualität mit sich bringt.Bonding between steel and Self Compacting Concrete in composite columns. The aim of the research work is exploration of bonding in steel‐concrete composite columns when Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is used. The appropriate laboratory tests were carried out on specimen composed of two I‐profiles and covered by steel plates which created a space to be filled with Self Compacting Concrete. The testing conditions corresponded to an earlier research work of the authors on vibrated concrete. Based on the test results the authors express the opinion that bond behavior in composite columns depends on concrete compressive strength. However, use of Self Compacting Concrete seems to produces lower bond strength than that available with vibrated concrete.
[Ni(iPr2Im)2Br2]: A Convenient Entry into NHC Nickel ­Chemistry
Authors: Fischer Peter , Linder Thomas , Radius Udo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe reaction of the NHC iPr2Im [NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene, iPr2Im = 1, 3‐bis(isopropyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene] with freshly prepared NiBr2 in thf or dme results in the formation of the air stable nickel(II) complex trans‐[Ni(iPr2Im)2Br2] (2). Complex 2 was structurally characterized. Thermal analysis (DTA/TG) reveals a very high decomposition temperature of 298 °C. Reduction of 2 with sodium or C8K in the presence of the olefins COD (cyclooctadiene) or COE (cyclooctene) affords the highly reactive compounds [Ni2(iPr2Im)4(COD)] (1) and [Ni(iPr2Im)2(COE)] (4). Alkylation of 2 with organolithiums leads to the formation of trans‐[Ni(iPr2Im)2(R)2] [R = Me (5), CH2SiMe3 (6)], whereas the reaction of 2 with LiCp* [Cp* = (η5‐C5(CH3)5)] at 80 °C causes the loss of one NHC ligand and affords [(η5‐C5(CH3)5)Ni(iPr2Im)Br] (7).
The Implementation of a Pilot Femur Fracture Registry at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital: An Analysis of Data Quality and Barriers to Collaborative Capacity‐Building
Authors: Sonshine Daniel B. , Shantz Jesse , Kumah‐Ametepey Raphael , Coughlin R. Richard , Gosselin Richard A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundTrauma registries are essential for injury surveillance and recognition of the burden of musculoskeletal injury in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The purpose of this study was to pilot a femur fracture registry at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) to assess data quality and determine the barriers to research partnering in LMICs.MethodsAll patients admitted to KATH with a fracture of the femur, or Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) class 31, 32, 33, were entered into a locally designed, electronic femur fracture database. Patients’ characteristics and data quality were assessed by using descriptive statistics. Orthopedic trauma research barriers and opportunities were identified from key informants at the research site and supporting site.ResultsNinety‐six femur fracture patients were enrolled into the registry over a 5‐week period. The majority of patients resided in the Ashanti region surrounding the hospital (78 %). Most participants were involved in a road traffic crash (58 %) and physiologically stable with a Cape Triage Score of yellow upon admission (84 %). AO class 32 femur fractures represented the majority of femur fractures (78 %). Median times from injury to admission, admission to surgery, and surgery to discharge were 0, 5, and 10 days, respectively. Data quality analysis showed that data collected at admission had higher rates of completion in the database relative to data collected at various follow‐up time points.ConclusionsData and data quality analyses highlighted characteristics of femur fracture patients presenting to KATH as well as the technological, administrative support, and hospital systems‐based challenges of longitudinal data collection in LMICs.
Disparities in Access to Surgical Care within a Lower Income Country: An Alarming Inequity
Authors: Zafar Syed Nabeel , Fatmi Zafar , Iqbal Aftab , Channa Roomasa , Haider Adil H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundSurgical care is not uniformly available worldwide. Inequities in surgical care and access may also vary within countries, and the present study aimed to explore these disparities in Pakistan.MethodsThe National Health Survey of Pakistan was analyzed. The proportion of people with a history of abdominal surgery (AS) was calculated and associated factors were determined by weighted multivariate logistic regression. Factors tested were age, gender, urban/rural residence, province, literacy, community development index (CDI), and economic status (ES). The CDI was developed for each sampling unit from select household and individual data. The ES was constructed from ownership of assets.ResultsA total of 59 million adults were represented. Abdominal surgery had been performed in 3.2 % adults (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 2.67, 3.84), which corresponded to an annual rate of 85.9 abdominal surgeries per 100,000 population. Wide disparities were noted, with annual rates of AS varying from 37.8 to 215.6 per 100,000 population. Urban residents were independently twice as likely as rural populations to have had AS (95 % CI = 1.3, 2.8). Higher age (OR = 2.6; 95 % CI = 1.7, 4.0), female gender (OR = 1.5; 95 % CI = 1.1, 2.1), and higher ES (OR = 1.9; 95 % CI = 1.2, 2.9) were also independently associated with AS. In rural populations ES was the only factor associated with surgery, whereas in urban populations gender and CDI had important roles to play.ConclusionsAccess to surgical care is disparate and grossly inadequate in Pakistan. This likely contributes to significant preventable morbidity and death. Physical access to surgical facilities, especially in rural areas and for those with a low CDI, is an important concern and should be prioritized in any forthcoming national policies.
Assessment of Pediatric Surgery Capacity at Government Hospitals in Sierra Leone
Authors: Kushner Adam L. , Groen Reinou S. , Kamara Thaim B. , Dixon‐Cole Richmond , Daoh Kisito S. , Kingham T. Peter , Nwomeh Benedict C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, efforts to reduce child mortality in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) have focused on infectious diseases. However, surgical care is increasingly seen as an important component of primary health care. To understand the baseline surgical capacity in LMICs, a number of studies have recently been published, but none has focused on pediatric surgery.MethodsThe Surgeons OverSeas (SOS) Personnel, Infrastructure, Procedures, Equipment and Supplies (PIPES) survey was used to collect surgical capacity data from government hospitals in Sierra Leone. The data were analyzed specifically to identify baseline needs for pediatric surgery.ResultsNine hospitals were assessed, and all had a functioning laboratory to test blood and urine and were capable of undertaking resuscitation, suturing, wound débridement, incision and drainage of an abscess, appendectomy, and male circumcision. However, in only 67 % could a pediatric hernia repair be performed, and in none were more complex procedures such as cleft lip and clubfoot repairs performed. Fewer than 50 % of facilities had sufficient gloves, nasogastric tubes, intravenous cannulas, syringes, needles, sutures, urinary catheters, infusion sets, anesthesia machines, or compressed oxygen.ConclusionsUsing the standard PIPES tool, we found severe deficiencies in the pediatric surgical capacity at government hospitals in Sierra Leone. However, a pediatric‐specific tool is required to understand more accurately the pediatric surgical situation.
Parenting practices, parental attachment and aggressiveness in adolescence: A predictive model
Authors: Gallarin Miriam , Alonso‐Arbiol Itziar 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was twofold: a) to test the mediation role of attachment between parenting practices and aggressiveness, and b) to clarify the differential role of mothers and fathers with regard to aggressiveness. A total of 554 adolescents (330 girls and 224 boys), ages ranging between 16 and 19, completed measures of mothers' and fathers' parenting practices, attachment to mother and to father, and aggressiveness. Acceptance/involvement of each parent positively predicted an adolescent's attachment to that parent, and coercion/imposition negatively predicted attachment to a lesser extent. Using structural equation modeling, a full mediation model provided the most parsimonious explanation for the data. With attachment in the model, the paths between the two parenting practices and aggressiveness were minor and statistically non‐significant. Only attachment to the father, was predictive of adolescents' aggressiveness. Results are discussed in the light of the importance of the father–son/daughter relationship in adolescence.
Functional implications of hypothalamic neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain
Authors: Lee Daniel A. , Blackshaw Seth 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAdult neurogenesis represents a striking example of structural plasticity in the mature brain. Research on adult mammalian neurogenesis today focuses almost exclusively on two areas: the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. Numerous studies, however, have also reported adult neurogenesis in the hypothalamus, a brain structure that serves as a central homeostatic regulator of numerous physiological and behavioral functions, such as feeding, metabolism, body temperature, thirst, fatigue, aggression, sleep, circadian rhythms, and sexual behavior. Recent studies on hypothalamic neurogenesis have identified a progenitor population within a dedicated hypothalamic neurogenic zone. Furthermore, adult born hypothalamic neurons appear to play a role in the regulation of metabolism, weight, and energy balance. It remains to be seen what other functional roles adult hypothalamic neurogenesis may play. This review summarizes studies on the identification and characterization of neural stem/progenitor cells in the mammalian hypothalamus, in what contexts these stem/progenitor cells engage in neurogenesis, and potential functions of postnatally generated hypothalamic neurons.
Wine Economics
Authors: Storchmann Karl 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFine wine has a few characteristics that differentiate it from other agricultural commodities and beverages, rendering it an interesting topic for economists. Fine wine can regularly fetch bottle prices that exceed several thousand dollars. It can be stored a long time and can increase in value with age. Fine-wine quality and prices are extraordinarily sensitive to fluctuations in the weather the year in which the grapes were grown. Wine is an experience good, that is, its quality cannot be ascertained before consumption. As a result, consumers often rely on “expert opinion” regarding quality and maturation prospects. This article describes the emergence and the unparalleled rise of wine economics from the 1980s to the present and sheds light on its three main topics: finance, climate change, and the role of expert opinion. (JEL Classification: Q1, G11, Q54, L15)
The effects of bulking, viscous and gel-forming dietary fibres on satiation
Authors: Wanders Anne J. , Jonathan Melliana C. , van den Borne Joost J. G. C. , Mars Monica , Schols Henk A. , Feskens Edith J. M. , de Graaf Cees 
Published: July 2012

The objective was to determine the effects of dietary fibre with bulking, viscous and gel-forming properties on satiation, and to identify the underlying mechanisms. We conducted a randomised crossover study with 121 men and women. Subjects were healthy, non-restrained eaters, aged 18–50 years and with normal BMI (18·5–25 kg/m2). Test products were cookies containing either: no added fibre (control), cellulose (bulking, 5 g/100 g), guar gum (viscous, 1·25 g/100 g and 2·5 g/100 g) or alginate (gel forming, 2·5 g/100 g and 5 g/100 g). Physico-chemical properties of the test products were confirmed in simulated upper gastrointestinal conditions. In a cinema setting,ad libitumintake of the test products was measured concurrently with oral exposure time per cookie by video recording. In a separate study with ten subjects, 4 h gastric emptying rate of a fixed amount of test products was assessed by13C breath tests.Ad libitumenergy intake was 22 % lower for the product with 5 g/100 g alginate (3·1 (sd1·6) MJ) compared to control (4·0 (sd2·2) MJ,P< 0·001). Intake of the other four products did not differ from control. Oral exposure time for the product with 5 g/100 g alginate (2·3 (sd1·9) min) was 48 % longer than for control (1·6 (sd0·9) min,P= 0·01). Gastric emptying of the 5 g/100 g alginate product was faster compared to control (P< 0·05). We concluded that the addition of 5 g/100 g alginate (i.e. gel-forming fibre) to a low-fibre cookie results in earlier satiation. This effect might be due to an increased oral exposure time.
An innovative pre-ripening drying method to improve the quality of pasta filata cheeses
Authors: Niro Serena , Fratianni Alessandra , Mignogna Rossella , Tremonte Patrizio , Sorrentino Elena , Panfili Gianfranco 
Published: July 2012

In order to optimise the pre-ripening of pasta filata cheeses, two traditional Italian cheeses, Caciocavallo and Scamorza, were dried for different times at 15 °C, 50% relative humidity and airflow rate of 1000 m3/h, by using a pre-ripening plant. During ripening, microbiological, chemical-physical and sensorial analyses were applied to the products in order to evaluate the impact of the innovative pre-ripening technique used on the cheese characteristics. The used plant led to commercial time saving and to the standardisation of the process, making it unaffected by the effects of temperature and humidity variations, common in small industries. The final products showed good chemical-physical and sensorial qualities and resulted in a higher microbiological safety, preserving their traditional characteristics.
Cross-Section and Staining-Based Techniques for Investigating Organic Materials in Painted and Polychrome Works of Art: A Review
Authors: Sandu Irina Crina Anca , Schäfer Stephan , Magrini Donata , Bracci Susanna , Roque Cecilia A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe article presents a review of the use of cross-section and staining techniques for investigating natural organic materials (mainly proteinaceous and oil-based binders/varnishes) in painted and polychrome artworks, considering the requirements of conservation practice and routine diagnostics. The reviewed literature calls attention to the importance of using cross sections to prepare samples for optical microscopy and to different properties of embedding resins; the most appropriate instrumental conditions for optical microscopy; and the advantages and disadvantages of the most common staining techniques. A few case studies were selected to illustrate the use of autofluorescence (intrinsic fluorescence) and induced fluorescence (using specific staining tests and fluorophore-labeled antibodies) for mapping and identifying organic paint materials in cross sections. New directions of research in cross-section analyses and fluorescence-based techniques for the identification and mapping of artistic materials are presented. The complementary use of different stains on the same cross section, further exploration of intrinsic and induced fluorescence of aged versus fresh materials, and applicability of cross-section observation and staining as complementary methods for assessing the effectiveness of restoration treatments, such as cleaning and consolidation, are discussed in the last section of the article.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of α,ω-Dihexylsexithiophene Adlayers on Au(111): A Chiral Separation Induced by a Surface
Authors: Song Yonghai , Wang Yu , Wan Lingli , Ye Shuhong , Hou Haoqing , Wang Li 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe self-assembly of α,ω-dihexylsexithiophene molecules on an Au(111) surface was examined by using scanning tunneling microscopy at room temperature, revealing the internal molecular structures of the sexithiophene backbones and the hexyl side chains. The α,ω-dihexylsexithiophene formed a large and well-ordered monolayer in which the molecule lay flatly on the Au(111) surface and was separated into two chiral domains. A detailed observation reveals that the admolecules were packed in one lamellae with their molecular axis aligned along the main axis of the Au(111) substrate with their hexyl chains deviated from ⟨110⟩ direction of the Au(111) substrate by 12 ± 0.5°. In contrast to the behavior in the three-dimensional bulk structure, flat-lying adsorption introduced molecular chirality: right- and left-handed molecules separate into domains of two different orientations, which are mirror symmetric with respect to the ⟨121⟩ direction of the Au(111) substrate. Details of the adlayer structure and the chiral self-assembly were discussed here.
Francoism and the Republican Exiles: the Case of the Composer Julián Bautista (1901–61)
Authors: MOREDA-RODRíGUEZ EVA 
Published: July 2012

AbstractExile studies in musicology have generally focused on Central European exiles fleeing from Nazism; at the same time studies of the Republican exile following the Spanish Civil War have tended to deal primarily with writers rather than musicians. This article intends to address both these areas of neglect by focusing on the composer Julián Bautista, who settled in Buenos Aires in 1940. In the late 1950s, after more than a decade of oblivion in his home country, Bautista, like other anti-Francoist exiles, started to become the object of interest again in Spain, an interest which continued after the composer's death in 1961. By exploring Bautista's presence in the Francoist musical press and in high-profile, state-sponsored events such as the Festivales de Música de América y España, I shall explore the reasons for his rehabilitation – reasons that, far from amounting to straightforward liberalization, seem to have been closely aligned with the strategies of the régime, and the cultural values and historical narratives that underpinned them.
The dielectric permittivity of terrestrial ground ice formations: Considerations for planetary exploration using ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Thomson Laura I. , Osinski Gordon R. , Pollard Wayne H. 
Published: July 2012

Exploration of the polar ice caps and apparent glacial and periglacial landforms on Mars will aid our understanding of its ancient climate conditions and the history of water on the planet. Given that ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) is likely to be used to understand these features, we investigated the real component of the complex dielectric permittivity of stratified segregation ice, non‐stratified segregation ice, and polygonal ice wedge deposits in the Canadian Arctic. We acquired moveout profiles with a 450 MHz GPR on ground ice formations that had active layer sediments excavated prior to surveying. Using ice core data collected from these sites, we found that the volumetric fraction of ice plays the greatest role in defining the dielectric permittivity of the deposit and that it can be described using a modified complex refractive index method (CRIM) dielectric mixing model. Using the modified CRIM model, we estimate the dielectric permittivity of several ground ice deposits on Earth and present further estimates for similar features on Mars using permittivity values for Martian sediments derived from both theory and laboratory methods.