bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evidence of a familial predisposition to anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Goshima K , Kitaoka K , Nakase J , Takahashi R , Tsuchiya H 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundSeveral risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have been evaluated in the literatures. It is highly probable that many of the identified risk factors for ACL injury are passed through families. However few articles describe a familial predisposition to ACL injury.ObjectiveTo investigate whether there is a familial predisposition to ACL injury.DesignRetrospective study.MethodsThe study group comprised 350 consecutive patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between January 2005 and September 2008. All patients were surveyed by telephone or written questionnaire about their family history (FH) of ACL injury, sports in which family members participated and mechanisms of injury. We also compared age, height, weight, Tegner activity score, general joint laxity, and tibial slope between the FH group (with a FH of ACL injury) and a control group (without a FH of ACL injury).ResultsComplete information was obtained from 335 of the 350 patients, 38 (11.3%) of whom had a FH of ACL injury. Two families had three members with ACL injuries. Among the 40 family members with ACL injuries, 38 (95%) had a non-contact ACL injuries, and 34 (85%) injured their ACL by the same mechanism as the related patient. Comparisons of the FH and control groups identified no significant differences with regard to age, height, weight, Tegner activity score, or general joint laxity, but tibial slope was significantly larger in the FH group than in the control group.ConclusionOur results indicate a high probability that many of the identified risk factors for ACL injury are passed through families. Screening tests for a FH of ACL injury thus could identify a population at increased risk of ACL injury who would benefit most from preventative neuromuscular training programs designed to reduce the risk of ACL injury.
Video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in sumo wrestling
Authors: Goshima K , Kitaoka K , Shima Y , Nakase J , Takahashi R , Tsuchiya H 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundSumo is one of the traditional Japanese contact sports. Many sumo wrestlers suffer knee joint injuries, especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. ACL injuries can lead to serious consequences for injured sumo wrestlers. Therefore, Understanding the mechanisms of these injuries is crucial to prevent ACL injuries.ObjectiveTo describe the mechanisms of ACL injuries in sumo wrestling.DesignDescriptive video analysis.MethodsEight videotapes of ACL injuries from seven professional sumo wrestlers and one high school student were collected. Four medical doctors and two physical therapists systematically analyzed these videos to describe the injury mechanisms and playing situations. We estimated knee flexion, internal/external rotation, and valgus/varus position at the time when the ACL ruptured.ResultsTwo main mechanisms of ACL injuries in sumo wrestling were identified. Five knees had been injured while the wrestlers tried to make a stand at the edge of the ring, and three knees had been injured when the wrestlers tried to stay on their feet before they were thrown by their opponents. All of the mechanisms for ACL injuries were non-contact injuries; they were not caused by direct external impacts. The injuries occurred when the foot was planted and firmly fixed at the edge of the ring or the floor. In all cases, the foot was externally rotated. The knee was in flexion (the mean angle was 57.2°) and valgus, combined with internal rotation of the tibia relative to the femur.ConclusionMany of the sumo wrestlers suffered ACL injuries when they tried to make a stand at the edge of the ring. The mechanism of ACL injuries in sumo wrestling appeared to be non-contact injuries.
Aetiology of low back pain in young athletes: role of sport type
Authors: Hosea T , Hannafin J , Bran J , O'Hara D , Seuffert P 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) in young athletes is increasing. Understanding spinal pathology related to sports may enhance design of prevention programs.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that rowing athletes with LBP have a higher likelihood of degenerative disc disease than athletes from other sports.DesignRetrospective case series of 199 athletes (14–25 years.) with LBP.SettingClinical assessment of interscholastic, intercollegiate and elite athletes presenting to a sports medicine physician complaining of LBP.PatientsThe medical records of athletes (14–25 years) seen from 2003 to 2008 with the complaint of LBP were reviewed and included. 23 sports were represented and 32% of the athletes were rowers.InterventionsAthletes had a thorough history and physical examination, MRI and/or bone scan. Results in the rowing athletes were compared to other athletes.Main outcome measurementsResults of the history, physical examination and radiographic studies were evaluated and the data analyzed by t-test or chi square.ResultsDemographically, the rowers and non-rowers were similar. The incidence of disc injury, involved disc levels, and physical findings were similar between the male and female rowers. Female rowers had a higher likelihood of disc herniation and a higher incidence of multiple disc level involvement than other female athletes (p<0.05). Male rowers and American football players had a higher incidence of disc herniation and multiple disc level involvement (p<0.05). Male rowers were more likely to present with positive physical findings compared to other male athletes (p<05). Overall, 89.5% of the males and 76.9% of the females had positive MRI findings affecting up to three lumbar levels.ConclusionComplaints of LBP in young athletes are highly correlated with lumbar spinal abnormalities. This is especially true for the young rowing athlete. Rowing techniques and training methods must be re-evaluated to decrease stresses on the lumbar spine and allow development of injury prevention programs.
The swedish athletics study: design of a protocol for large-scale epidemiological studies in individual sports
Authors: Jacobsson J , Timpka T , Ekberg J , Kowalski J , Nilsson S , Renström P 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundEpidemiological studies of injury have mainly been performed on team sports. Present methods for data collection and analysis neglect important features of individual sports.AimsTo develop a study protocol for large-scale epidemiological studies of injuries in individual sports, exemplified by athletics.DesignStructured information system development. Specification of the study protocol was preceded by an examination of requirements on injury surveillance in individual sports and iterated drafting of protocol specifications, and followed by formative evaluations. A preliminary protocol was evaluated in a pilot study involving athletic coaches and athletes and revised into the final version.SettingSwedish youth and adult elite athletics.ParticipantsSix elite athletics coaches and 22 athletic athletes.ResultsThe requirements analysis showed that the central demand on a study protocol to be used for epidemiological surveillance in athletics is to enable detailed analyses of overuse injuries, which subsequently requires continuous and prospective collection of athlete self-reported data. The study protocol fulfils these requirements by using a web-based athlete diary for collection of data regarding exposure to practice and competition as well as injuries. In addition, the requirements analysis showed that the study protocol should cover collection of detailed baseline data, including injury history, subject characteristics and a psychological profile. The evaluation data showed that the preliminary protocol only needed minor revisions at the level of web-questionnaire design.ConclusionThe resulting study protocol for injury surveillance is specifically targeted at individual sports. It can be employed in surveillance preceding intervention programs for preventing injuries and suffering among both adult elite and youth athletes. Electronic data capture is crucial for injury surveillance in individual sports, such as athletics in order to ensure high validity of data.
Stance leg frontal plane stability during lateral bounds
Authors: Jones P , Kerwin D , Irwin G , Nokes L 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundLower limb stability is pivotal to successful dynamic sporting movements, with poor stability during single leg tasks commonly associated with lower limb non-contact injuries.ObjectiveThis study investigated stance leg frontal plane stability during a lateral bound task.DesignPlayers performed an infield clinical screening involving 10 alternating bounds from their left (LLEG) and right (RLEG) legs. Each bound comprised stabilisation (landing) and propulsion (lateral push off). 3D kinematic data for the stance leg (200 Hz) were captured using an automated system (CODAmotionTM) and a cluster marker set.SettingProfessional footballers currently performing in the English Football League System performed the screening.ParticipantsFive participants performed the screening.Intervention/Assessment of risk factorsThe independent variables in this study were the players involved.Main outcome measurementsAbsolute frontal plane sway (AFP-Sway) at the hip, knee and ankle were determined (Visual3DTM) and combined to provide a collective stance leg sway score (CSL-Sway) for each trial. Additionally, percentage contributions of AFP-Sway at each joint to CSL-Sway for all trials were determined and compared across players in each condition using one-way ANOVA.ResultsThere were CSL-Sway differences between players within each condition, accounted for by additional motions at all three lower limb joints under LLEG conditions and only hip and knee joints under RLEG conditions. Percentage individual joint contributions to CSL-Sway differed between players at the knee and ankle joints under LLEG and all joints under RLEG conditions. Both conditions revealed two distinct bounding strategies with hip or combination of hip and ankle motions contributing the most to CSL-Sway.ConclusionsPlayer differences in CSL-Sway, AFP-Sway and percentage joint contribution to CSL-Sway under both bounding conditions highlight the individualised nature of lateral bound strategies. Such objective assessment of stance leg stability may enable movement stability classification and ultimately aid injury risk identification.
The epidemiology and prevention of injuries in American Flag Football (AFF)
Authors: Kaplan Y 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAlthough AFF is considered a non-tackle sport, many moderate-serious contact-type injuries have been reported. There are no studies describing neither the epidemiology nor the prevention of injuries in this international sporting activity.ObjectiveTo conduct a 2- season prospective injury-exploratory study in the AFF league, followed by a 2-season prevention trial.DesignAll time-loss injuries sustained in game sessions were recorded by the off-the-field medical personnel. This was followed up by a more detailed phone questionnaire by the author, 7–14 days following the injury.SettingAmerican Flag Football league in Israel.ParticipantsMale and female amateur league players.Main outcome measurementsEpidemiological data.Results1791 players participated in 1005 games over the two seasons. Athlete-exposures=1799955. There were 179 injuries recorded, with an injury rate=0.099 per 1000 athlete-exposures (95% CI 0.08 to 0.11). 98% of the injuries were traumatic in nature. Over 75% of injuries were caused by contact with the ground. 30% of the contact injuries were to the fingers, thumb and wrist. Many of the finger injuries occurred as a direct result of the player's fingers being caught in the pockets of the opposing player. 20% of the injuries were to the knee, 16% to the head and face and 12% to the ankle.ConclusionAs a result of the epidemiological study, a two- season (2010–2012) prospective, longitudinal, randomised controlled injury prevention trial will be conducted, where the players will be randomly divided into those teams that will make up the experimental group (n=+180) and those in the control group (n=+180). The experimental group will be instructed to wear mouth guards and air casts. The control group will be instructed to wear pocket less pants. Following the data collection, the results will be analyzed, conclusions drawn and recommendations suggested for inclusion in future league games.
Risk factors for injuries in a high-altitude ultramarathon
Authors: Khodaee M , Myers R , Spittler J , Lee J A , Hill J C , Yeakel D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundRisk factors for ultramarathon injuries are poorly understood.ObjectiveEffects of human and environmental factors on predicting injuries.DesignObservational study using electronic surveys prior and 10-days post-race.SettingLeadville-100 is a difficult high-altitude trail ultramarathon (160.9 km) with a course elevation of 2804–3840 m in Leadville, Colorado.ParticipantsAll runners completed the pre-race survey and half (n=308, 48%) completed the post-race survey.Assessment of risk factorsThe dependent variable was visiting a physician/health care provider for injuries due to the race. The independent variables were age, gender, prior completion of the race, foot type (normal, flat feet, high arch), Body Mass Index (BMI), height, weight, wearing orthotics, shoe type, changing shoes during the race.Main outcome measurementsThe primary outcome measure was whether stability running shoes are correlated with fewer injuries compared to other types of shoes.ResultsOut of 646 participants, 361 (55.9%) runners finished the race under the 30-h time cut-off. Majority (n=676, 84.9%) were male with average age of 41 years (range 21–73). Majority were first time participants (n=468, 73%). Among those who completed the post-race survey, 109 (35%) visited the aid stations during the race and 37 (12%) sought medical attention after the race. Runners primarily visited aid stations for musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory complaints. Half (n=171, 55%) were able to walk without assistance and majority (n=216, 72%) return to work after 1 day of rest. Runners with cushion shoes were more likely to seek medical attention compared to those with instability shoes (p<0.005; OR=3.59; CI 1.33 to 9.66). There were no correlations between gender, foot type, BMI, height, weight, having orthotics, and prior race completion and seeking medical attention post-race.ConclusionCompared to other running shoes, the stability type is correlated with fewer injuries requiring medical visits among participants in a high-altitude ultramarathon.
Are young female athletes at risk of amenorrhoea? analysis of body composition, nutritional and endocrine factors
Authors: Lagowska K , Jeszka J 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundSpecific type and amount of high intensity training in athletes especially beginning before puberty, reduced body weight and lower percentage of fat mass have been put forward as potential factors responsible for female athlete triad.ObjectiveEstimation risk of amenorrhoea in female athletes with menstrual irregularity basis of results of body composition, nutritional and endocrine factors.Patients58 athletes with menstrual irregularity aged 18.0 ± 2.2 years participated in the study.DesignThe nutritional status was evaluated based on the analysis of body composition using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method – percentage of adipose tissue (FM), fat free mass. Nutritional value was estimated by dietary records for seven consecutive days. Moreover, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E), progesterone (P) and serum leptin levels were measured.ResultsThe first group included athletes from endurance disciplines emergency department (ED) while the other comprised female from weight category (WC) disciplines. Second classification was also used. In the first group athletes with LH/FSH <0.6, diagnosed as a insufficiency of hypothalamus pituitary IH were included, while the other included female with LH/FSH>0.6, diagnosed as a good results (GR). In case of hormones significant differences between groups with different disciplines in level of LH (ED: 4.0 ± 2.5 mlU/ml, WC: 5.6 ± 2.4.mlU/ml, p<0.05) and FSH (ED: 4.8 ± 1.8 mlU/ml, WC: 6.3 ± 1.5 mlU/ml, p<0.05) were found. What is more, IH athletes has significantly lower LH level compared with GR athletes (IH: 2.9 ± 1.0 mlU/ml, GR: 6.0 ± 2.6 mlU/ml, p<0.05). FSH, LH, LH/FSH and leptin levels was positively correlated with energy and most of nutrients intake.ConclusionDiets of athletes with menstrual disorders were not properly balanced. Furthermore, athletes were characterised by low fat mass, low leptin level and inadequate relationship between level of gonadotrophins. Those factors can intensify menstrual disorders and lead to amenorrhoea.
Altered molecular metabolism of knee joint tissues in a botox induced quadriceps muscle weakness model in the rabbit
Authors: Leumann A , Fortuna R , Longino D , Leonard T , Hart D , Valderrabano V , Herzog W 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundMuscle weakness due to joint injuries (eg, anterior cruciate ligament rupture) or muscle injuries (eg, muscle strain) are very frequent in sports.ObjectiveTo analyze changes to knee joint ligaments and menisci induced by quadriceps muscle weakness by measuring molecular metabolism.DesignProspective randomised controlled trial.SettingLaboratory study.InterventionsChronic quadriceps muscle weakness was induced in six 1-year old New Zealand White rabbits through monthly injections of Botox (botulinum toxin A) for six months. Five age- and sex-matched rabbits served as controls.Main outcome measurementsMuscle weakness was assessed by measuring muscle weight, isometric quadriceps force, and histologic muscle degeneration. Molecular metabolism was measured in the patellar tendon, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and medial and lateral menisci by measuring total RNA yields, and nine tissue specific RNA yields (eg, Collagen I, MMP-III).ResultsMuscle weights were decreased by 46.6%, muscle forces by 58.6 to 61.3% depending on the knee flexion angle, and cross sectional areas of the contractile apparatus by 54.7% (all results p<0.001) for the test—compared to the control group animals. Molecular analysis showed significantly decreased overall turnover (MMP-I), and significantly decreased metabolism for anabolic factors (Collagen I, MMP-III, MMP-XIII, TGFâ) and reduced injury response (Collagen III, MMP-XIII).DiscussionQuadriceps muscle weakness leads to adaptive changes in knee joint structures by adjusting specific RNA activities while overall cell metabolism remains unchanged. In the concept of the joint as an organ, this may reflect a new functional steady-state. Muscular unloading of the knee might impair the biomechanical function of the knee joint and its component structures. This could describe an underlying pathomechanism of the fact, that injured athletes are more susceptible to additional overuse injuries than healthy athletes. Therefore, we suggest that weaknesses of muscles and component joint structures being considered in injury treatment and rehabilitation.
Gender difference in jumping and landing among 15–18-year old icelandic national youth soccer players
Authors: Magnúsdóttir H , Sveinsson T , Árnason Á 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAfter puberty female athletes are in 2–7 times higher risk of tearing the anterior cruciate ligament as compared to males.ObjectiveTo compare following factors between 15 and 18 years boys and girls participating in soccer: 1) Vertical jump height. 2) Jump- and landing technique in drop jump. 3) EMG activity around the knee during jumping and landing.DesignObservational, cross-sectional study.SettingNational youth soccer teams in Iceland.Participants20 boys and 17 girls, 15–18 years, from three soccer teams and also participating in Icelandic national youth soccer teams were invited to participate. Of these, 10 boys and 10 girls accepted participation and showed up for testing.Main outcome measurement (1) Jump height in counter movement jumps. (2) Degree of knee valgus during drop jumps. (3) EMG onset latency for five different muscles in each thigh during drop jumps.ResultsBoys jumped significantly higher than girls in countermovement jump (30.3±2.6 cm vs 22.6±3.8 cm, p<0.001). In the drop jump, girls had significantly increased knee valgus compared to boys in three of five test points: when toes touch the floor (165.1±4.0° vs 168.7±4.1°, p=0.05), at 25% of the height from lowest position (163.3±6.4° vs 169.2±9.0°, p=0.013) and at toe off, when jumping up again (162.5±4.2° vs 167.2±4.4°, p=0.01). No difference was found for the lowest position or for 25% of the height from the lowest position to toe off. No gender difference was found for onset latencies of the leg muscles, except for right biceps femoris, where girls activated this muscle earlier before landing than boys (−0.31±0.39 vs −0.12±0.13, p<0.001).ConclusionBoys jumped higher than girls. Girls had more knee valgus during landing, at 25% from the lowest position on the way down and, during toe off. No gender differences were found for muscle onset latencies except for one thigh muscle.
Dynamic postural stability in gaelic football players during a single leg drop-landing, a comparison of ankle tape and lace-up brace
Authors: Persson U McCarthy , Arthurs C 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAnkle inversion injuries commonly occur during landing from a jump. Both ankle braces and taping are methods used to prevent ankle injuries during sport.ObjectiveTo determine whether an ankle tape or ankle lace-up brace improves dynamic postural stability when compared without support on landing from a jump. The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) between the conditions.DesignThis was an experimental randomised intervention study.SettingUniversity setting including club level Gaelic football players.Participants15 subjects, all male (age=21.3 ± 1.6 years, height=182.2 ± 5.2 cm, mass=81.4 ± 8.2 kg, (mean ± SD)), without lower extremity injury or previous history of ankle injury.InterventionsThe subjects performed a jump protocol consisting of a single leg drop-landing from a 40 cm high step, under three randomised conditions: tape, ankle brace and control (neither tape nor brace).Main outcome measurementsThe Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI) was analyzed after a single leg drop-landing on to a force plate.ResultsThe application of an ankle tape increased the DPSI score (1365.04 ± 13.02) significantly when compared to the control (1354.9 ± 14.79), and brace (1359.6 ± 13.77) conditions (p<0.02). This increase in DPSI indicates that the tape application decreased the dynamic stability on the force plate. There was no difference between the ankle brace and the control condition.ConclusionApplication of an ankle tape decreased the ability to maintain dynamic balance during a jump landing in Gaelic football players without ankle injury. Further study needs to assess the effect of tape and brace application on athletes with ankle instability during jump landings. The possible causes of this decrease in stability will be discussed.