bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining dropout from youth psychotherapy: how definitions shape the prevalence and predictors of attrition
Authors: Warnick Erin M. , Gonzalez Araceli , Robin Weersing V. , Scahill Lawrence , Woolston Joseph 
Published: June 2011

Background and Aims:  Attrition is a long‐standing problem in mental health centres serving youth. However, attempts to understand attrition have not consistently identified the same risk factors. The way in which attrition was defined across studies may have had a significant impact on findings. This study examines three definitions of attrition across a large sample of children and adolescents receiving outpatient mental health services, and considers the different relationships observed between the identified predictors and each definition.Method:  This study examined data collected concurrently from 1098 families who received services at an urban outpatient mental health clinic (OMHC). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between identified predictor variables and attrition, using three distinct definitions of attrition based on clinician judgment, missed last appointment, and specified dose. The results of each regression analysis were qualitatively compared to assess the impact on findings observed when applying different definitions of attrition.Results:  As anticipated, observed predictors of attrition varied by definition. Ethnicity predicted attrition across all definitions. Residing in a single‐caregiver household predicted attrition across two of the three definitions, while living with a non‐biological family, receiving state‐funded, low‐income insurance support, having low parent‐reported youth functioning, routine intakes (as compared to urgent intakes), and longer wait predicted attrition within only one definition.Conclusions:  Rates and factors associated with attrition may vary substantially depending on how treatment attrition is defined. In the evaluation of attrition in youth mental health settings, the definition used should be clearly stated and should reflect the research question posed.
Interest groups in the media: Bias and diversity over time
Authors: BINDERKRANTZ ANNE SKORKJÆR 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA prominent presence in the news media is important for interest groups. This article investigates the development in the diversity of interest group media attention over time. The analysis draws on a dataset of 19,000 group appearances in the Danish news media in the period 1984–2003. It demonstrates how diversity has risen continually over time, leading to a media agenda less dominated by labour and business and more by public interest groups and sectional groups. This development is related to the increasing political importance of the news media and the decline in group integration in public decision‐making processes. The article also shows how the development of group appearances is closely related to changes in media attention towards different policy areas.
The effect of K201 on isolated working rabbit heart mechanical function during pharmacologically induced Ca2+ overload
Authors: Kelly A , Elliott EB , Matsuda R , Kaneko N , Smith GL , Loughrey CM 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEReduced cardiac contractility has been associated with disrupted myocardial Ca2+ signalling. The 1,4 benzothiazepine K201 (JTV‐519) acts on several Ca2+ handling proteins and improves cardiac contractility in vivo in a variety of animal models of myocardial dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether this improvement depends on the systemic effects of K201 or if K201 reverses the effects of Ca2+ dysregulation, regardless of the cause.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHThe effect of K201 on cardiac mechanical function was assessed in isolated working hearts from adult rabbits, using a ventricular pressure‐volume catheter. In separate experiments, the effect of K201 was investigated in hearts following pharmacologically induced Ca2+ overload using elevated extracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]o) and β‐adrenoceptor stimulation.KEY RESULTSK201 induced a concentration‐dependent decline in systolic function (peak pressure, dP/dtmax and preload recruitable stroke work), lusitropy (reduced dP/dtmin and increased end diastolic pressure) and stroke volume, independent of decreased heart rate. In separate experiments, mechanical function in hearts exposed to 4.5 mmol·L−1[Ca2+]o and 150 nmol·L−1 isoprenaline declined until cessation of aortic flow (in 6 out of 11 hearts). However, all hearts perfused with the addition of 1 µmol·L−1 K201 maintained aortic flow and demonstrated significantly improved peak systolic pressures, dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSK201 significantly improved mechanical function of the heart during Ca2+ overload. This suggests that K201 can limit the detrimental effects of elevated intracellular Ca2+ and exert beneficial effects on cardiac contractile function, independent of systemic effects previously observed in vivo.
The role of P2X7 purinergic receptors in inflammatory and nociceptive changes accompanying cyclophosphamide‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis in mice
Authors: Martins JP , Silva RBM , Coutinho‐Silva R , Takiya CM , Battastini AMO , Morrone FB , Campos MM 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ATP is released in response to cellular damage, and P2X7 receptors have an essential role in the onset and maintenance of pathological changes. Haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a well‐known adverse effect of therapy with cyclophosphamide used for the treatment of many solid tumours and autoimmune conditions. Here we have evaluated the role of P2X7 receptors in a model of HC induced by cyclophosphamide.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of pharmacological antagonism or genetic deletion of P2X7 receptor on cyclophosphamide‐induced HC in mice was assessed by nociceptive and inflammatory measures. In addition, the presence of immunoreactive P2X7 receptors was assessed by immunohistochemistry.KEY RESULTS Pretreatment with the selective P2X7 receptor antagonist A‐438079 or genetic ablation of P2X7 receptors reduced nociceptive behaviour scores in the HC model. The same strategies decreased both oedema and haemorrhage indices, on macroscopic or histological evaluation. Treatment with A‐438079 decreased the staining for c‐Fos in the lumbar spinal cord and brain cortical areas. Treatment with A‐438079 also prevented the increase of urinary bladder myeloperoxidase activity and macrophage migration induced by cyclophosphamide and reduced the tissue levels of IL‐1β and TNF‐α. Finally, P2X7 receptors were markedly up‐regulated in the bladders of mice with cyclophosphamide‐induced HC.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS P2X7 receptors were significantly involved in a model of HC induced by cyclophosphamide. Pharmacological inhibition of these receptors might represent a new therapeutic option for this pathological condition.
GLP‐1R and amylin agonism in metabolic disease: complementary mechanisms and future opportunities
Authors: Roth Jonathan D , Erickson Mary R , Chen Steve , Parkes David G 
Published: June 2011

The discoveries of the incretin hormone glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and the β‐cell hormone amylin have translated into hormone‐based therapies for diabetes. Both classes of molecules also exhibit weight‐lowering effects and have been investigated for their anti‐obesity potential. In the present review, we explore the mechanisms underlying the physiological and pharmacological actions of GLP‐1 and amylin agonism. Despite their similarities (e.g. both molecular classes slow gastric emptying, decrease glucagon and inhibit food intake), there are important distinctions between the central and/or peripheral pathways that mediate their effects on glycaemia and energy balance. We suggest that understanding the similarities and differences between these molecules holds important implications for the development of novel, combination‐based therapies, which are increasingly the norm for diabetes/metabolic disease. Finally, the future of GLP‐1‐ and amylin agonist‐based therapeutics is discussed.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Secretin Family (Class B) G Protein‐Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.166.issue‐1
Cost effectiveness of screening immigrants for hepatitis B
Authors: Wong William W. L. , Woo Gloria , Jenny Heathcote E. , Krahn Murray 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection among the immigrants of North America ranges from 2 to 15%, among whom 40% develop advanced liver disease. Screening for hepatitis B surface antigen is not recommended for immigrants.Aims:The objective of this study is to estimate the health and economic effects of screening strategies for CHB among immigrants.Methods:We used the Markov model to examine the cost‐effectiveness of three screening strategies: (i) ‘No screening’; (ii) ‘Screen and Treat’ and (iii) ‘Screen, Treat and Vaccinate’ for 20–65 years old individuals who were born abroad but are currently living in Canada. Model data were obtained from the published literature. We measured predicted hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related deaths, costs (2008 Canadian Dollars), quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER).Results:Our results show that screening all immigrants will prevent 59 HBV‐related deaths per 10 000 persons screened over the lifetime of the cohort. Screening was associated with an increase in quality‐adjusted life expectancy (0.024 QALYs) and cost ($1665) per person with an ICER of $69 209/QALY gained compared with ‘No screening’. The ‘Screen, Treat and Vaccinate’ costs an additional $81, generates an additional 0.000022 QALYs per person, with an ICER of $3 648 123/QALY compared with the ‘Screen and Treat’. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the ‘Screen and Treat’ is likely to be moderately cost‐effective.Conclusion:We show that a selective hepatitis B screening programme targeted at all immigrants in Canada is likely to be moderately cost‐effective. Identification of silent CHB infection with the offer of treatment when appropriate can extend the lives of immigrants at reasonable cost.
Nursing documentation prior to emergency admissions to the intensive care unit
Authors: Jonsson Thorsteinn , Jonsdottir Helga , Möller Alma D , Baldursdottir Lovísa 
Published: June 2011

Background: Early identification of prodromal signs of acute deterioration of patients is essential in high quality care. Rigorous monitoring of patients is facilitated by risk assessment tools, e.g. the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS). Aims and objectives: The purpose of the study was to estimate the accuracy of nursing documentation according to parameters that comprise MEWS in patients prior to emergency admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: The research design was retrospective and descriptive. Data was collected from medical records of in‐patients who presented as emergency admission to two ICUs at a university hospital between 1 October and 31 December 2006. Results: Data was collected from 65 patients' records over the 3‐month period. Most admissions occurred between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Respiratory failure was the primary reason for admission, followed by septic shock. Respiratory rate was documented for 14% of patients (n = 9) prior to ICU admission, which was the least documented observation. Urine output and fluid balance were documented for 40% of the patients, level of consciousness in 48% of patients (n = 31), temperature for 69% (n = 45) and oxygen saturation for 80% of the patients (n = 53). Discussion: Respiratory failure was the primary cause of emergency admission of in‐patients to the ICUs with respiratory rate the least documented vital sign. Nursing documentation according to the MEWS was insufficient. Conclusions/Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses need to be alerted to the necessity of documenting early signs of deterioration of patients, particularly the respiratory rate. With better monitoring and documentation of physiological parameters, emergency admission to the ICU might be avoided.
Climate variability in West Greenland during the past 1500 years: evidence from a high‐resolution marine palynological record from Disko Bay
Authors: RIBEIRO SOFIA , MOROS MATTHIAS , ELLEGAARD MARIANNE , KUIJPERS ANTOON 
Published: June 2011

Ribeiro, S., Moros, M., Ellegaard, M. & Kuijpers, A. 2012 (January): Climate variability in West Greenland during the past 1500 years: evidence from a high‐resolution marine palynological record from Disko Bay. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 68–83. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00216.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.Here we document late‐Holocene climate variability in West Greenland as inferred from a marine sediment record from the outer Disko Bay. Organic‐walled dinoflagellate cysts and other palynomorphs were used to reconstruct environmental changes in the area through the last c. 1500 years at 30–40 years resolution. Sea ice cover and primary productivity were identified as the two main factors driving dinoflagellate cyst community changes through time. Our data provide evidence for an opposite climate trend in West Greenland relative to the NE Atlantic region from c. AD 500 to 1050. For the same period, sea‐surface temperatures in Disko Bay are out‐of‐phase with Greenland ice‐core reconstructed temperatures and marine proxy data from South and East Greenland. This is probably governed by an NAO‐type pattern, which results in warmer sea‐surface conditions with less extensive sea ice in the area for the later part of the Dark Ages cold period (c. AD 500 to 750) and cooler conditions with extensive sea ice inferred for the first part of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) (c. AD 750 to 1050). After c. AD 1050, the marine climate in Disko Bay becomes in‐phase with trends described for the NE Atlantic, reflected in the warmer interval for the remainder of the MCA (c. AD 1050–1250), followed by cooling towards the onset of the Little Ice Age at c. AD 1400. The inferred scenario of climate deterioration and extensive sea ice is concomitant with the collapse of the Norse Western Settlement in Greenland at c. AD 1350.
Bifocal Nummular Headache: A Series of 6 New Cases
Authors: Guerrero Ángel L. , Cuadrado María L. , García‐García María E. , Cortijo Elisa , Herrero‐Velázquez Sonia , Rodríguez Octavio , Mulero Patricia , Porta‐Etessam Jesús 
Published: June 2011

(Headache 2011;51:1161‐1166)Objective.— We aimed to report 6 new cases of bifocal nummular headache (NH), showing their clinical characteristics and comparing them with those formerly described.Background.— NH is a focal head pain felt in a small, well‐circumscribed, coin‐shaped area. Among all the reported cases (over 200), 6 patients localized their pain in 2 or more separate areas.Methods.— We reviewed all patients diagnosed with NH at the headache clinics of 2 tertiary hospitals, searching for cases with head pain in 2 different areas.Results.— Six patients (4 female, 2 male; age at onset 40.8 ± 19.1, range 24‐69 years) presented with bifocal NH. The shape and size of both painful areas were identical in each patient. They were located at symmetrical points of either side in 3 patients, while 2 patients had both symptomatic areas on the same side of the head. The chronological pattern was synchronous in 2 patients, and the other 4 showed an additive pattern with onset intervals between the 2 areas ranging from 2 months to 30 years. Pain intensity was slightly different in each area in 4 of the cases. Four patients were treated with a preventive (gabapentin or carbamazepine) with good clinical response.Conclusion.— Although not frequently found, some patients may have bifocal or multifocal NH.
Over‐Expression of Sphingosine Kinase‐1 Enhances a Progenitor Phenotype in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: BARRETT JEFFREY M. , PARHAM KATE A. , PIPPAL JYOTSNA B. , COCKSHELL MICHAELIA P. , MORETTI PAUL A. B. , BRICE SARAH L. , PITSON STUART M. , BONDER CLAUDINE S. 
Published: June 2011

Please cite this paper as: Barrett, Parham, Pippal, Cockshell, Moretti, Brice, Pitson, and Bonder (2011). Over‐Expression of Sphingosine Kinase‐1 Enhances a Progenitor Phenotype in Human Endothelial Cells. Microcirculation 18(7), 583–597.AbstractObjectives:  The use of endothelial progenitor cells in vascular therapies has been limited due to their low numbers present in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sphingosine kinase on the de‐differentiation of mature human endothelial cells toward a progenitor phenotype.Methods:  The lipid enzyme sphingosine kinase‐1 was lentivirally over‐expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and cells were analyzed for progenitor phenotype and function.Results:  Sphingosine kinase‐1 mRNA expression was induced approximately 150‐fold with a resultant 20‐fold increase in sphingosine kinase‐1 enzymatic activity. The mRNA expression of the progenitor cell markers CD34, CD133, and CD117 and transcription factor NANOG increased, while the endothelial cell markers analyzed were largely unchanged. The protein level of mature endothelial cell surface markers CD31, CD144, and von Willebrand factor significantly decreased compared to controls. In addition, functional assays provided further evidence for a de‐differentiated phenotype with increased viability, reduced uptake of acetylated low‐density lipoprotein and decreased tube formation in Matrigel in the cells over‐expressing sphingosine kinase‐1.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that over‐expression of sphingosine kinase‐1 in human endothelial cells promotes, in part, their de‐differentiation to a progenitor cell phenotype, and is thus a potential tool for the generation of a large population of vascular progenitor cells for therapeutic use.
Changes in the bovine whey proteome during the early lactation period
Authors: SENDA Akitsugu , FUKUDA Kenji , ISHII Toshiaki , URASHIMA Tadasu 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTTo investigate time‐dependent change in the bovine whey proteome during the early lactation period, a two‐dimensional gel‐based approach was used in this study. Milk samples were collected from five healthy Friesian‐Holstein dairy cows up to 10 days postpartum. Spot patterns of whey proteins varied drastically from immediately after parturition to 48 h, but no significant changes occurred thereafter. Protein identification by mass spectrometry revealed that the ratios of caseins and immunoglobulins drastically decreased during 48 h postpartum, while those of lower molecular mass proteins such as α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin increased. More than 100 spots were detected, being much more abundant in colostral whey than in mature milk whey. Of a total of 25 proteins identified, four, viz. zinc‐α‐2‐glycoprotein, vitamin D‐binding protein, immunoglobulin G2 chain C and β2‐microglobulin, were detectable only in colostrum. Our results indicate that most of the minor whey proteins in colostrum relate to the passive immunity of newborn calves, but some of them play significant roles in nutritional supplementation of the neonate. The characteristics of whey proteins in transition imply that enhancement of innate immunity becomes more important than protection of the neonate against pathogens via passive immunity after 48 h postpartum.
The effect of temperature on survival of pathogenic bacteria in biogas plants
Authors: IWASAKI Masahiro , YAMASHIRO Takaki , BENERAGAMA Nilmini , NISHIDA Takehiro , KIDA Katsuya , IHARA Ikko , TAKAHASHI June‐ichi , UMETSU Kazutaka 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe paper deals with the hygienic advantages of sanitation to treat dairy manure in full‐scale biogas plants. The slurry samples were collected from two thermophilic biogas plants (55°C) and two mesophilic biogas plants (38°C) in Hokkaido Japan. A detectable number of Coli‐aerogenes group and Enterococcus in the slurries after anaerobic digestion (AD) could not be found in either thermophilic biogas plants. However, in both mesophilic biogas plants the viable numbers of Coli‐aerogenes group and Enterococcus were detected in the slurries even after anaerobic digestion. The mean decimation reduction time (T90) values of the Coli‐aerogenes group and Enterococcus in the slurries during mesophilic digestion were 13.3 days and 16.7 days, respectively.
Calcitonin receptor binding in the hen anterior pituitary during an oviposition cycle
Authors: NAKAYAMA Hiroyuki , TAKAHASHI Tetsuya , NAKAGAWA‐MIZUYACHI Kaori , KAWASHIMA Mitsuo 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) and the maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of calcitonin (CT) receptor in the plasma membrane of the anterior pituitary in hens were examined by Scatchard analysis of specific binding of 125I‐labeled chicken CT. Values of Kd and Bmax of CT receptor were smaller in laying hens than in non‐laying hens. A decrease in the Kd and Bmax value of CT receptor was observed in the anterior pituitary after the injection of estradiol‐17β and progesterone into nonlaying hens, but not changed after the injection of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone. During an oviposition cycle, the Kd and the Bmax value decreased 3 h before oviposition. In non‐laying hens, neither the Kd nor the Bmax value changed during a full day period. The present study suggests that the CT action on the anterior pituitary may increase 3 h before oviposition by the effect of estradiol‐17β and progesterone in laying hens.
Assessment of Behavioral and Psychiatric Problems in People With Prader–Willi Syndrome: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Spendelow Jason S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome is a complex genetic disorder involving a wide range of behavioral, psychiatric, neurocognitive, and medical problems. A review of existing research was presented to facilitate assessment work with this population. Hyperphagia, compulsions/repetitive behavior, self‐injury (especially skin‐picking), and aggressive behaviors are particularly common in people with Prader–Willi syndrome. Psychotic, affective, and obsessive–compulsive disorders represent the most frequently occurring psychiatric disorders. Assessment should involve consideration of how behavioral and psychiatric problems can be influenced by neurocognitive functioning and medical issues. Research findings in these areas are presented to help clinicians make comprehensive assessment of mental health problems. The heterogeneous and progressive nature of many behavioral and psychiatric problems in this population presents significant challenges to psychological assessment and management. Comprehensive assessment requires an understanding of the phenotype of Prader–Willi syndrome, and associated issues that can impact upon clinical presentation.
Developing a Comprehensive Research Agenda for People With Intellectual Disability to Inform Policy Development and Reform
Authors: Townsend Clare Elizabeth 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGaps in policy and service systems exist for people with intellectual disability (ID). The areas of policy and services research that are required to address this situation are vast, complicated, and often interrelated. Strategically developed research agendas underpinned by a strict adherence to human rights principles can optimally inform policy and service development and reform. A framework to facilitate the conceptualization of a comprehensive and structured research agenda for ID that can underpin policy has been developed. It is informed by templates developed in mental health and health and consists of external parameters and internal domains and elements. It is overarched by human rights principles and takes into account other contextual factors including government policies and resources. The framework is applicable in a range of settings and can be used to prioritize and optimize research efforts and resources in the area of ID. The development, dissemination, and implementation of a comprehensive research agenda for ID requires the involvement of a range of key stakeholders, including consumers and carers, clinicians, researchers, and policymakers.