bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Range Transport of Giant Vesicles along Microtubule Networks
Authors: Herold Christoph , Leduc Cécile , Stock Robert , Diez Stefan , Schwille Petra 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe report on a minimal system to mimic intracellular transport of membrane‐bounded, vesicular cargo. In a cell‐free assay, purified kinesin‐1 motor proteins were directly anchored to the membrane of giant unilamellar vesicles, and their movement studied along two‐dimensional microtubule networks. Motion‐tracking of vesicles with diameters of 1–3 μm revealed traveling distances up to the millimeter range. The transport velocities were identical to velocities of cargo‐free motors. Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we were able to estimate the number of GFP‐labeled motors involved in the transport of a single vesicle. We found that the vesicles were transported by the cooperative activity of typically 5–10 motor molecules. The presented assay is expected to open up further applications in the field of synthetic biology, aiming at the in vitro reconstitution of sub‐cellular multi‐motor transport systems. It may also find applications in bionanotechnology, where the controlled long‐range transport of artificial cargo is a promising means to advance current lab‐on‐a‐chip systems.
Mode Change in the Self‐Motion of a Benzoquinone Disk Coupled with a NADPH System
Authors: Nakata Satoshi , Matsuda Yui , Ikura Yumihiko S. , Takeda Akira , Izumi Shunsuke 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe self‐motion of a benzoquinone (BQ) disk on NADPH was investigated as the coupling of an autonomous motor and an enzyme reaction. In the absence of the enzyme reaction, features of motion changed depending on the concentration of NADPH, that is, continuous motion→ intermittent oscillatory motion→ no motion. When the reverse reaction from NADP+ to NADPH was introduced into the system with the addition of an enzyme reaction, continuous motion changed to intermittent oscillatory motion with small amplitude. The mechanism of this mode change is discussed in relation to the surface tension as a driving force and the time course of UV spectra as a window to the progress of the reaction. Characteristic features of the mode change were qualitatively reproduced by a numerical calculation.
Furfural—A Promising Platform for Lignocellulosic Biofuels
Authors: Lange Jean‐Paul , van der Heide Evert , van Buijtenen Jeroen , Price Richard 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFurfural offers a promising, rich platform for lignocellulosic biofuels. These include methylfuran and methyltetrahydrofuran, valerate esters, ethylfurfuryl and ethyltetrahydrofurfuryl ethers as well as various C10–C15 coupling products. The various production routes are critically reviewed, and the needs for improvements are identified. Their relative industrial potential is analysed by defining an investment index and CO2 emissions as well as determining the fuel properties for the resulting products. Finally, the most promising candidate, 2‐methylfuran, was subjected to a road trial of 90 000 km in a gasoline blend. Importantly, the potential of the furfural platform relies heavily on the cost‐competitive production of furfural from lignocellulosic feedstock. Conventional standalone and emerging coproduct processes—for example, as a coproduct of cellulosic ethanol, levulinic acid or hydroxymethyl furfural—are expensive and energetically demanding. Challenges and areas that need improvement are highlighted. In addition to providing a critical review of the literature, this paper also presents new results and analysis in this area.
The NLRP3/ASC/Caspase‐1 axis regulates IL‐1β processing in neutrophils
Authors: Mankan Arun K. , Dau Therese , Jenne Dieter , Hornung Veit 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNeutrophils play a pivotal role in the defense against bacterial, viral and fungal infections and are important mediators in the acute inflammatory response. At the same time, neutrophils are also in volved in sterile inflammatory responses that are triggered by endogenous ligands. A series of immediate effector functions and the expression of proinflammatory genes enable neutrophils to initiate the immune response against the injurious agent. Among these, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) plays a key role in the orchestration of the inflammatory response. Induction of IL‐1β expression leads to production of cytosolic pro‐IL‐1β, which requires further processing by a proteolytic cleavage event. Caspase‐1 was initially identified as the main IL‐1β‐converting enzyme, and the upstream events leading to caspase‐1 activation were identified as so‐called inflammasome complexes. Up to now, the inflammasome system has mainly been studied in macrophages, whereas the inflammasome was thought to play a redundant or no role in the cell intrinsic processing of pro‐IL‐1β in neutrophils. Here, we identify the expression of the components of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex in neutrophils and show that the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is indeed operational in neutrophils. Our findings establish the NLRP3 inflammasome as a key step in the secretion of matured IL‐1β by neutrophils.
Interferon regulatory factor modulation underlies the bystander suppression of malaria antigen‐driven IL‐12 and IFN‐γ in filaria‐malaria co‐infection
Authors: Metenou Simon , Kovacs Michael , Dembele Benoit , Coulibaly Yaya I. , Klion Amy D. , Nutman Thomas B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn areas where polyparasitism is highly prevalent, the impact of multiple parasites on the host response is underestimated. In particular, the presence of helminth infection coincident with malaria profoundly alters the production of malaria‐specific IFN‐γ, IL‐12p70, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, cytokines/chemokines known to be critical in mediating malaria‐specific immunity. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the suppression of malaria‐specific cytokines/chemokines, we assessed the expression of malaria‐specific IL‐12Rβ1, IL‐12Rβ2 and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)‐1 in blood obtained from 18 filaria‐infected (Fil+) and 17 filaria‐uninfected (Fil−) individuals in a filaria‐malaria co‐endemic region of Mali. We found that Fil+ individuals had significantly lower RNA expression of IRF‐1 but not IL‐12Rβ1 or IL‐12Rβ2 in response to malaria antigen stimulation. We also measured the frequency of IL‐12‐producing DCs from these subjects and found that Fil+ subjects had lower frequencies of IL‐12+ mDCs after malaria antigen stimulation than did the Fil− subjects. Modeling these data in vitro, we found that mDCs pre‐exposed to live microfilariae not only produced significantly lower levels of CXCL‐9, CXCL‐10, IL‐12p35, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p19 and CXCL‐11 following stimulation with malaria antigen but also markedly downregulated the expression of IRF‐1, IRF‐2 and IRF‐3 compared with microfilaria‐unexposed mDCs. siRNA‐inhibition of irf‐1 in mDCs downregulated the production of IL‐12p70 through repression of IL‐12p35. Our data demonstrate that the modulation of IRFs seen in filarial (and presumably other tissue‐invasive helminths) infection underlies the suppression of malaria‐specific cytokines/chemokines that play a crucial role in immunity to malaria.
Energetic Salts of Symmetrical Dimethylhydrazine (SDMH)
Authors: Sabaté Carles Miró , Delalu Henri 
Published: December 2011

AbstractN,N′‐Dimethylhydrazine and several of its salts with energetic anions were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, DSC, mass spectrometry, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, and 15N) spectroscopy, and vibrational (Raman, IR) spectroscopy. According to the DSC measurements, the compounds exhibit good thermal stabilities, and the nitrate (2) and dicyanamide (4) salts belong to the ionic‐liquid type (i.e., Tm < 100 °C). Additionally, the solid‐state crystal structure of the nitrate [2: triclinic, P$\bar {1}$, a = 5.360(2) Å, b = 5.806(2) Å, c = 6.866(2) Å, α = 113.73(2)°, β = 92.44(2)°, γ = 90.08(2)°, V = 195.4(1) Å3], perchlorate [3: orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 11.774(2) Å, b = 11.072(3) Å, c = 14.050(3) Å, V = 1831.6(7) Å3], sulfate [5: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 5.913(1) Å, b = 9.509(1) Å, c = 10.351(1) Å, β = 90.29(1)°, V = 582.0(1) Å3], monopicrate [6b: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 10.910(1) Å, b = 6.7436(1) Å, c = 16.442(2) Å, β = 103.40(1)°, V = 1176.7(2) Å3], and dipicrate dihydrate [6·2H2O: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.230(1) Å, b = 13.024(1) Å, c = 10.642(1) Å, β = 104.43(1)°, V = 1104.7(2) Å3] salts were determined. Furthermore, a natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of the structure of the [MeNH2–NH2Me]2+ cation was performed. Standard tests were used to examine the sensitivity of the compounds towards impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge. Lastly, the heats of formation of the compounds were calculated by means of quantum chemical calculations and used to determine the detonation parameters and specific impulses of the compounds and those of mixtures with an oxidizer.
Cu‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,4‐Additions of Aryl‐Grignard Reagents to Cyclohexenone in the Presence of TADDOL‐Derived Phosphane‐Phosphite Ligands
Authors: Naeemi Qaseem , Dindaroğlu Mehmet , Kranz Darius P. , Velder Janna , Schmalz Hans‐Günther 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAsymmetric conjugate additions (1,4‐additions) of aryl‐Grignard reagents to cyclohex‐2‐enone, currently a more or less unsolved challenge, were investigated. For this purpose, a small library of phenol‐derived chiral phosphane‐phosphite ligands containing TADDOL‐ or BINOL‐based phosphite moieties was evaluated. These ligands are easily prepared by a short modular scheme previously developed in this laboratory. Two particularly powerful ligands (4a and 4b, both TADDOL‐derived and each possessing a bulky tert‐butyl substituent ortho to the phosphite group) were identified. Conditions were optimized with use of the addition of (4‐methoxyphenyl)magnesium bromide to cyclohexenone as a standard reaction system. Under optimized conditions [CuBr·SMe2 (4 mol‐%), ligand 4a (6 mol‐%), 2‐methyl‐THF, –78 °C, slow addition of Grignard reagent] the 1,4‐product was obtained with high enantioselectivity (up to 95 % ee) and good regioselectivity (r.r. = 90:10). The scope of the method was probed with different aryl‐Grignard reagents. It was found that reagents with electron‐donating substituents in meta‐ or para‐positions performed particularly well, whereas the presence of F or CF3 substituents led to decreased ee values. Only ortho‐substituted aryl‐Grignard reagents did not give rise to useful results. A series of phosphane‐phosphite ligands were also tested in the Rh‐catalyzed 1,4‐addition of phenylboronic acid to cyclohexenone, but enantioselectivities did not exceed 70 % ee in this case.
Trapping and Analysing Wheland–Meisenheimer σ Complexes, Usually Labile and Escaping Intermediates
Authors: Forlani Luciano , Boga Carla , Mazzanti Andrea , Zanna Nicola 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe reactions between 2,4‐dipyrrolidin‐1‐yl‐1,3‐thiazole, a supernucleophilic reagent, and 4,6‐dinitrobenzofuroxan (DNBF) or 4,6‐dinitrotetrazolopyridine (DNTP), two superelectrophilic reagents, afforded new covalent complexes that are contemporaneously intermediates of an SNAr reaction (a Meisenheimer complex) and of an SEAr reaction (a Wheland complex). These compounds belong to a new class of covalent complexes, which we have named Wheland–Meisenheimer complexes (WM). The high stability of the complexes reported herein allowed the first X‐ray diffraction analyses of WM complexes. In addition, the reactions are diastereoselective, probably because of the specific approach of the two starting partners. The WM complex obtained with DNBF unexpectedly evolved to a neutral substitution product, a furazan derivative. Probably, the protons bonded to two sp3 carbon atoms are lost together with the oxygen atom of the furoxan moiety to form water. This represents a unique example of the formation of a neutral substitution compound from a C–C WM complex. Finally, exchange of the DNBF moiety in WM8 with DNTP in a solution of CD3CN was observed; the formation of the WM9 complex provided further evidence for the reversibility of the formation of the WM complexes.
Simultaneous determination of deoxycytidine diphosphate and deoxycytidine triphosphate by capillary electrophoresis with transient isotachophoretic stacking: A sensitive monitoring method for ribonucleotide reductase activity
Authors: Huang Shi‐Wei , Tzeng Huey‐Fen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA simple and rapid capillary electrophoretic method was developed for simultaneous determination of sub‐micromolar 2′‐deoxycytidine 5′‐diphosphate (dCDP) and 2′‐deoxycytidine 5′‐triphosphate (dCTP) levels in enzyme assays without using radioactively labeled substrates. The separation was performed at 25°C using MES in the BGE as the terminating ion, the chloride ions in the sample buffer as the leading ion, and PEG 4000 in the BGE as the EOF suppressor for sample stacking by transient isotachophoresis (tITP). Several parameters affecting the separation were investigated, including the pH of the BGE, the concentration of sodium chloride in the sample buffer, and the concentrations of MES and PEG 4000 in the running buffer. Good separation with high separation efficiency was achieved within 6 min under optimal conditions. In comparison with the simple CZE method, the present tITP‐CZE method enabled a 150‐fold increase in the injection time without any decrease in resolution and the sensitivity was enhanced up to two orders of magnitude with the new method. The linear range of the method was 0.1–10 μM for dCDP and dCTP. The limits of detection of dCDP and dCTP were 85 and 73 nM, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the activity assay of ribonucleotide reductase from Hep G2 and Sf9 cells.
Understanding insomnia in older adults
Authors: López‐Torres Hidalgo Jesús , Navarro Bravo Beatriz , Párraga Martínez Ignacio , Andrés Pretel Fernando , Téllez Lapeira Juan , Boix Gras Clotilde 
Published: December 2011

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the true frequency of primary insomnia (PI), sleep disorder related to another mental disorder (SDMD) and sleep disorder due to a general medical condition (SDMC) in older adults and to establish their differentiating characteristics.Methods: This is a cross‐sectional study. Participants were randomly selected samples of 951 subjects who are 65 years or older. Main measures were as follows: presence (according to DSM‐IV‐TR diagnostic criteria) of PI, SDMD, SDMC or other sleep disorders, co‐morbidity and psychotropic consumption.Results: Of the subjects, 36.1% reported having sleep problems (95%CI:33.0–39.2) and 37.0% reported regularly consuming a psychotropic drug. The prevalence of PI was 8.9% (95%CI: 7.1–11.0), and according to the criteria for differential diagnosis, the prevalence of SDMD was 9.3% (95%CI: 7.5–11.4) and that of SDMC was 7.0% (95%CI: 5.4–8.9). A higher percentage of PI subjects had problems in falling asleep on most days (52.5%), had frequent night‐time awakenings (66.3%) and early awakenings (51.3%). In subjects with any type of insomnia, the variables that showed a statistically significant association were female gender (OR: 2.21), consumption of psychotropic drugs (OR: 1.83), presence of four or more health problems (OR: 1.88) and being single, widowed or divorced (OR: 1.43).Conclusions: Our results provide a true picture of the prevalence of insomnia in older adults on the basis of diagnostic criteria and indicate that it is a widespread, significant health problem. The peculiarities of PI, SDMD and SDMC need to be appropriately differentiated in clinical practice, and each needs a different approach to obtain the best outcome. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical resection for clinical perineural invasion from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Panizza Benedict , Solares C. Arturo , Redmond Michael , Parmar Priya , O'Rourke Peter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundPerineural invasion (PNI) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is associated with decreased survival. Patients with large nerve or clinical PNI present with clinical signs and symptoms or MRI evidence of cranial nerve involvement. These patients often succumb to disease that spreads into the brainstem. In our experience, when the disease extends up to the Gasserian or Geniculate ganglion, surgical resection with negative margins provides the best chance for cure. Herein we review our experience to validate our clinical observations.MethodsWe identified patients with large nerve PNI from cutaneous SCCHN between January 1996 and 2006 from a prospectively collected database. Patients who underwent surgical resection as their primary mode of therapy were included. Clinical and demographic variables were recorded. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan‐Meier curves, and the log‐rank test was used for significance testing between groups.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were identified. The mean age was 60 (range, 38–86) years, with 15 men and 6 women. Nineteen patients had a formal skull base resection, whereas 2 patients had a subcranial resection. We had 3 complications in our series: extradural hemorrhage (n = 1), cerebrospinal fluid leak (n = 1), and wound infection (n = 1). None of the patients who underwent a formal skull base resection to include the lateral cavernous sinus (ie, Gasserian ganglion) suffered ocular palsies or permanent morbidity when the orbit was preserved (n = 11). We had no surgical deaths. The average length of stay was 9 days (SD 6.3 days). The 5‐year disease specific survival rate for the entire group was 64.3%. V3 involvement resulted in lower, although not significant, 5‐year disease‐free survival rates— 0% for those patients with involvement (n = 4) versus 66.8% for no involvement of V3 (n = 17).ConclusionAppropriately planned surgical resection of PNI in cutaneous SCCHN up to the ganglion as dictated by the disease extent may improve survival without significant added morbidity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2011
Phonons and Phasons in Icosahedral Quasicrystals
Authors: de Boissieu Marc 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe discovery of quasicrystals not only has changed our view on long‐range order, but was a breakthrough for solid state physics and chemistry, since the Bloch theorem can no longer be applied. We review some of the results obtained for icosahedral quasicrystals for lattice dynamics and phonons, as well as for phason modes, which are diffusive excitations characteristic of the quasicrystalline state.
Properties of Cd‐Based Binary Quasicrystals and Their 1/1 Approximants
Authors: Tamura Ryuji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractElectronic and structural properties of Cd‐based binary quasicrystals (QCs) and their 1/1 approximants (APs) without chemical disorder are overviewed in terms of electronic states, electronic transport, and phase transitions. A pseudogap in the electronic density of states (DOS) as well as hybridization effect between sp and d states are discussed for both the QCs and their 1/1 APs in comparison with theoretical calculations. In contrast with the cases of ternary stable QCs, the resistivity of the Cd5.7Yb QC exhibits a positive temperature coefficient at low temperatures, which is regarded as an indication of an intrinsic metallic nature of the QC. A unique structural phase transition has been observed at low temperatures (LT) for a series of 1/1 Cd6M APs, which is interpreted as an orientational transition of a tetrahedron residing at the center of the Tsai‐type icosahedral cluster. In most of the cases, the LT superstructure is understood as an “antiferromagnetic” ordering of the tetrahedra along a <110> direction of the high‐temperature bcc phase. The transition is classified as a non‐diffusive order–disorder transition, which has not been observed in metallic alloys before.
Some Aspects of Stability and Nanophase Formation in Quasicrystals during Mechanical Milling
Authors: Mukhopadhyay N. K. , Yadav Thakur Prasad 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNon‐equilibrium processing and other related techniques can activate quasicrystalline structures to a higher energy level and enable them to attain various stable/metastable structures. During mechanical milling of quasicrystalline alloys, the stability of the complex structures is of immense importance from a scientific and technological point of view. The evolution of nanoquasicrystalline, nanocrystalline, and amorphous phases and their composites has been observed in the course of milling. The experimental results for mechanical alloying of elemental powders (required for the synthesis of quasicrystals) and mechanical milling of quasicrystals are discussed. The salient features observed in quasicrystals during other non‐equilibrium processing are highlighted. Nanospinel formation from the Al‐based quasicrystalline precursor is mentioned.
Heat Transport in Aluminum‐Based Quasicrystals i‐AlPdMn, i‐AlCuFe, and d‐AlCoNi
Authors: Popčević Petar , Stanić Denis , Bihar Željko , Bilušić Ante , Smontara Ana 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe present a semi‐quantitative model used to analyze thermal conductivity data of single‐grain aluminum‐based icosahedral i‐AlPdMn and i‐AlFeCu, and decagonal d‐AlCoNi quasicrystals in the quasiperiodic plane. The analysis is based on the validity of the Wiedemann–Franz law and applicability of the Debye model of quasilattice thermal conductivity at low temperatures, where the main phonon scattering centers are assumed to be structural defects in the form of the stacking faults and phenomenological quasiumklapp. At high temperature, electron and quasilattice contributions underestimate the data. This has motivated us to consider two possible additional heat‐carrying channels: the activation of localized lattice vibrations and modifications of the Wiedemann–Franz law.
Symmetry Breaking and Order in the Age of Quasicrystals
Authors: Lifshitz Ron 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe discovery of quasicrystals has changed our view of some of the most basic notions related to the condensed state of matter. Before the age of quasicrystals, it was believed that crystals break the continuous translation and rotation symmetries of the liquid‐phase into a discrete lattice of translations, and a finite group of rotations. Quasicrystals, on the other hand, possess no such symmetries—there are no translations, nor, in general, are there any rotations, leaving them invariant. Does this imply that no symmetry is left, or that the meaning of symmetry should be revised? We review this and other questions related to the liquid‐to‐crystal symmetry‐breaking transition using the notion of indistinguishability. We characterize the order‐parameter space, describe the different elementary excitations, phonons and phasons, and discuss the nature of dislocations—keeping in mind that we are now living in the age of quasicrystals.
Responsibility‐Inducing interventions with Older Clients
Authors: BARRY JOHN R. 
Published: December 2011

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Preschool Assessment: Implications for Counselors
Authors: HOHENSHIL THOMAS H. , HUMES CHARLES W. 
Published: December 2011

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