bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anamorph genusKnufiaand its phylogenetically allied species inConiosporium,Sarcinomyces, andPhaeococcomyces
Authors: Tsuneda A. , Hambleton S. , Currah R.S. 
Published: September 2011

Knufia endospora , a species described previously on the basis of cultured material, was found forming distinctive sporodochia on the bark of balsam poplar. Phylogenetic analyses of this fungus and some allied species indicated that (i) it forms a monophyletic group with Knufia cryptophialidica (type species of Knufia ) and with Coniosporium perforans , Coniosporium epidermidis and Phaeococcomyces chersonesos and (ii) P. chersonesos and Sarcinomyces petricola are conspecific. These Coniosporium and Phaeococcomyces species also shared major morphological characteristics with Knufia in culture and were morphologically and phylogenetically distant from the type species of their respective genera. The following new combinations are proposed: Knufia perforans (Sterflinger) Tsuneda, Hambleton & Currah; Knufia epidermidis (D.M. Li, de Hoog, Saunte & X.R. Chen) Tsuneda, Hambleton & Currah; and Knufia chersonesos (Bogom. & Minter) Tsuneda, Hambleton & Currah. Phaeococcomyces catenatus and Phaeococcomyces nigricans (type species of Phaeococcomyces) were morphologically similar but phylogenetically distant from each other and from Knufia.
Effects of nurse-tree crop species and density on nutrient and water availability to underplanted Toona ciliata in northeastern Argentina
Authors: Dordel Julia , Simard Suzanne W. , Bauhus Jürgen , Guy Robert D. , Prescott Cindy E. , Seely Brad , Hampel Hermann , Pozas Luciano J. 
Published: September 2011

Cultivation of high-value hardwoods is often more difficult than cultivation of many pioneer species commonly used in fast-growing plantations. On some sites, the facilitative effects of nurse trees can be necessary for initial crop species establishment, but their competitive effects can also reduce juvenile growth rates of the crop species. To improve establishment success in mixed-species plantations, we tested the effects of the nurse-tree species Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br., Pinus elliottii Engelm. × Pinus caribaea Morelet, and Pinus taeda L. and four densities (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of the initial density) on Toona ciliata M.Roem. light, soil water, and soil nutrient availability. Growth of T. ciliata tended to increase with decreasing nurse-tree density and increasing light availability. However, growth was greater under G. robusta than under the pines, even where light conditions were similar, corresponding to mostly higher nutrient availability and higher soil water contents underneath G. robusta. Wood δ13C of T. ciliata was positively correlated with growth, foliar nutrient contents (N, P, K, Mg, Ca), and soil water content at a depth of 20–40 cm. Our results suggest that G. robusta is less competitive for soil nutrients and water than the pine nurse-tree species.
An invasive urban forest pest invades natural environments — Asian longhorned beetle in northeastern US hardwood forests
Authors: Dodds Kevin J. , Orwig David A. 
Published: September 2011

An infestation of Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) ( Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) was detected in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 2008. The discovery of this pest, previously only seen in urban environments of North America, led to the unprecedented establishment of a 243 km2quarantine zone that included urban parks, neighborhoods, and natural forests. Because ALB behavior in forested stands is virtually unknown, two closed-canopied forested stands (Bovenzi and Delaval) infested with ALB within this zone were sampled during 2008–2010 to document stand conditions, assess ALB host selection, and determine ALB impact on tree growth. Thirty-two percent of the Acer sampled in Bovenzi were infested with ALB compared with 63% in Delaval. In Delaval where three maple host species were available, ALB was found more often in Acer rubrum L. than in Acer saccharum Marsh. or Acer platanoides L. Radial growth patterns did not differ between ALB-infested and uninfested Acer trees in Bovenzi. In contrast, ALB-infested trees in Delaval were significantly older and larger than uninfested trees and exhibited slower radial growth and ring width index patterns compared with uninfested trees. Results suggest that if left uncontrolled, ALB can readily disperse into natural forest landscapes and alter the makeup of North America’s hardwood forest region.
Expression and Immunotherapeutic Targeting of the SSX Family of Cancer–Testis Antigens in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Smith Heath A. , Cronk Robert J. , Lang Joshua M. , McNeel Douglas G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecent U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of the first immunotherapy for prostate cancer encourages efforts to improve immune targeting of this disease. The synovial sarcoma X chromosome breakpoint (SSX) proteins comprise a set of cancer–testis antigens that are upregulated in MHC class I–deficient germline cells and in various types of advanced cancers with a poor prognosis. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the SSX family member SSX2 can arise spontaneously in prostate cancer patients. Thus, SSX2 and other proteins of the SSX family may offer useful targets for tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the expression of SSX family members in prostate cancer cell lines and tumor biopsies to identify which members might be most appropriate for immune targeting. We found that SSX2 was expressed most frequently in prostate cell lines, but that SSX1 and SSX5 were also expressed after treatment with the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Immunohistochemical analysis of microarrayed tissue biopsies confirmed a differential level of SSX protein expression in human prostate cancers. Notably, SSX expression in patient tumor samples was restricted to metastatic lesions (5/22; 23%) and no expression was detected in primary prostate tumors examined (0/73; P &lt; 0.001). We determined that cross-reactive immune responses to a dominant HLA-A2–specific SSX epitope (p103-111) could be elicited by immunization of A2/DR1 transgenic mice with SSX vaccines. Our findings suggest that multiple SSX family members are expressed in metastatic prostate cancers which are amenable to simultaneous targeting. Cancer Res; 71(21); 6785–95. ©2011 AACR.
Ethanol Promotes Chemically Induced Oral Cancer in Mice through Activation of the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism
Authors: Guo Yizhu , Wang Xin , Zhang Xinyan , Sun Zheng , Chen Xiaoxin 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Alcohol drinking is a known risk factor for oral cancer in humans. However, previous animal studies on the promoting effect of ethanol on oral carcinogenesis were inconclusive. It is necessary to develop an animal model with which the molecular mechanism of ethanol-related oral carcinogenesis may be elucidated to develop effective prevention strategies. In this study, mice were first treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO, 100 μg/mL in drinking water) for 8 weeks and then given water or ethanol (8%) as the sole drink for another 16 weeks. During the experiment, 8% ethanol was well tolerated by mice. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) increased from 20% (8/41) to 43% (17/40; P &lt; 0.05). Expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) was increased in dysplasia and SCC of 4NQO-treated tongues and further enhanced by ethanol. Using this mouse model, we further showed that fewer cancers were induced in Alox5−/− mice, as were cell proliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis in the tongue, as compared with Alox5+/+ mice. Interestingly, Cox-2 expression was induced by ethanol in knockout mice, whereas 5-Lox and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) expression and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis were dramatically reduced. Moreover, ethanol enhanced expression and nuclear localization of 5-Lox and stimulated LTB4 biosynthesis in human tongue SCC cells (SCC-15 and SCC-4) in vitro. In conclusion, this study clearly showed that ethanol promoted 4NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis, at least in part, through further activation of the 5-Lox pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Cancer Prev Res; 4(11); 1863–72. ©2011 AACR.
Assessing Epicardial Substrate Using Intracardiac Echocardiography During VT Ablation
Authors: Bala Rupa , Ren Jian-Fang , Hutchinson Mathew D. , Desjardins Benoit , Tschabrunn Cory , Gerstenfeld Edward P. , Deo Rajat , Dixit Sanjay , Garcia Fermin C. , Cooper Joshua , Lin David , Riley Michael P. , Tzou Wendy S. , Verdino Ralph , Epstein Andrew E. , Callans David J. , Marchlinski Francis E. 
Published: September 2011

Background—
Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has played a limited role in defining the substrate for ventricular tachycardia (VT). The purpose of this study was to assess whether ICE could identify abnormal epicardial substrate in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) and VT.

Methods and Results—

We studied 18 patients with NICM and recurrent VT who had abnormal echogenicity identified on ICE imaging. Detailed left ventricular (LV) endocardial and epicardial electroanatomic mapping was performed in all patients. Low-voltage areas (<1.0 mV) in the epicardium were analyzed. ICE imaging in the NICM group was compared to a control group of 30 patients with structurally normal hearts who underwent ICE imaging for other ablation procedures. In 18 patients (age, 53±13 years; 17 men) with NICM (ejection fraction, 37±13%), increased echogenicity was identified in the lateral LV by ICE imaging. LV endocardial electroanatomic mapping identified normal voltage in 9 patients and at least 1 confluent low-voltage area (6.6 cm
2
; minimum-maximum, 2.1–31.7 cm
2
) in 9 patients (5 posterolateral LV, 4 perivalvular LV). Detailed epicardial mapping revealed areas of low voltage (39 cm
2
; minimum-maximum, 18.5–96.3 cm
2
) and abnormal, fractionated electrograms in all 18 patients (15 posterolateral LV, 3 lateral LV). In all patients, the epicardial scar identified by electroanatomic mapping correlated with the echogenic area identified on ICE imaging. ICE imaging identified no areas of increased echogenicity in the control group.

Conclusions—
ICE imaging identified increased echogenicity in the lateral wall of the LV that correlated to abnormal epicardial substrate. These findings suggest that ICE imaging may be useful to identify epicardial substrate in NICM.
A Model for the Interaction between 2-Day Waves and Moist Kelvin Waves*
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Bin 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The eastward-propagating tropical low-frequency disturbances, such as the moist Kelvin waves or the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), are often observed to experience convective enhancement when meeting with the westward-propagating 2-day waves. A scale interaction (SI) model is built to understand the nature of the interaction between the 2-day waves and moist Kelvin waves or MJO. In this model, the convective complex of moist Kelvin waves modulates the strength and location of the 2-day waves, which feed back through the upscale eddy transfer. An ageostrophic model describing the 2-day waves is first solved, and the resultant westward-propagating, backward-tilted disturbances are consistent with the observed 2-day waves. An explicit representation of eddy momentum transfer (EMT), eddy heating transfer (EHT), and eddy moisture transfer (EQT) arising from the 2-day waves is then formulated. The SI model shows that the 2-day waves in front of moist Kelvin waves produce an EMT accelerating the low-frequency easterly in the lower troposphere, an EHT cooling down the middle troposphere, and an EQT moistening the middle troposphere. These three transfer terms have comparable magnitude. Although the negative EHT tends to damp the moist Kelvin waves, both the EMT and EQT provide instability sources for the moist Kelvin waves. The 2-day waves also slow down the moist Kelvin waves, mainly through the advective effects of the EMT. So the unstable moist Kelvin waves may exhibit convective enhancement when meeting with the 2-day waves. The theoretical results presented here point to the need to further observe the multiscale structures within the moist Kelvin waves and the MJO.
The risk of subsequent cancer and arterial cardiovascular events in patients with superficial vein thrombosis in the legs
Authors: Prandoni Paolo , Casiglia Edoardo , Tikhonoff Valerie , Leizorovicz Alain , Decousus Hervé ,   on behalf of the Calisto Investigators
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Although it has been clearly demonstrated that venous thromboembolism is associated with an increased risk of subsequent overt cancer and arterial cardiovascular events in comparison with control populations, whether this association also applies to patients with isolated (ie, without concomitant involvement of the deep vein system) superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) in the legs is unknown. In 737 consecutive patients with isolated SVT not involving the sapheno-femoral junction, we conducted a retrospective investigation to assess the rate of cancer and that of arterial cardiovascular events occurring during follow-up. The event rates were compared with those occurring in 1438 controls having comparable characteristics. Both cases and controls were followed-up for an average period of 26 ± 8 months (range, 3-45). Malignancy was diagnosed in 26 cases (3.5%) and 56 controls (3.9%), leading to a hazard ratio of 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.55%-1.35%). Arterial cardiovascular events occurred in 32 cases (4.3%) and 63 controls (4.4%), leading to a hazard ratio of 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.63%-1.50%). We conclude that the occurrence of isolated SVT in the legs does not place patients at an increased risk of malignancies or arterial cardiovascular events. Whether this conclusion also applies to patients whose thrombosis involves the sapheno-femoral junction remains to be demonstrated.
Arx and Nkx2.2 compound deficiency redirects pancreatic alpha- and beta-cell differentiation to a somatostatin/ghrelin co-expressing cell lineage
Authors: Kordowich Simon , Collombat Patrick , Mansouri Ahmed , Serup Palle 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Nkx2.2 and Arx represent key transcription factors implicated in the specification of islet cell subtypes during pancreas development. Mice deficient for Arx do not develop any alpha-cells whereas beta- and delta-cells are found in considerably higher numbers. In Nkx2.2 mutant animals, alpha- and beta-cell development is severely impaired whereas a ghrelin-expressing cell population is found augmented.
Notably, Arx transcription is clearly enhanced in Nkx2.2-deficient pancreata. Hence in order to precise the functional link between both factors we performed a comparative analysis of Nkx2.2/Arx single- and double-mutants but also of Pax6-deficient animals.

Results
We show that most of the ghrelin+ cells emerging in pancreata of Nkx2.2- and Pax6-deficient mice, express the alpha-cell specifier Arx, but also additional beta-cell related genes. In Nkx2.2-deficient mice, Arx directly co-localizes with iAPP, PC1/3 and Pdx1 suggesting an Nkx2.2-dependent control of Arx in committed beta-cells. The combined loss of Nkx2.2 and Arx likewise results in the formation of a hyperplastic ghrelin+ cell population at the expense of mature alpha- and beta-cells. Surprisingly, such Nkx2.2

-/-

Arx

-
ghrelin+ cells also express the somatostatin hormone.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that Nkx2.2 acts by reinforcing the transcriptional networks initiated by Pax4 and Arx in early committed beta- and alpha-cell, respectively. Our analysis also suggests that one of the coupled functions of Nkx2.2 and Pax4 is to counteract Arx gene activity in early committed beta-cells.
At last, a Pennsylvanian stem-stonefly (Plecoptera) discovered
Authors: Béthoux Olivier , Cui Yingying , Kondratieff Boris , Stark Bill , Ren Dong 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Stem-relatives of many winged insect orders have been identified among Pennsylvanian fossils (Carboniferous Period). Owing to their presumed 'basal' position in insect phylogeny, stoneflies were expected to occur at this period. However, no relative has ever been designated convincingly.

Results
In this paper, we report specimens belonging to a new fossil insect species collected from the Tupo Formation (Pennsylvanian; China). The wing venation of Gulou carpenteri
gen. et sp. nov. exhibits character states diagnostic of the order Plecoptera, but lack character states shared by unequivocal representatives of the order. Derived from this identification, the delimitation of the fossil species is ascertained based on comparison of several extant stonefly species. This comparative analysis allowed a trait present in G. carpenteri
gen. et sp. nov., but rarely occurring in extant species, to be documented and highlighted as atavistic. Affinities of taxa formerly proposed as putative stem-stoneflies are reconsidered in the light of the new discovery.

Conclusions

Gulou carpenteri
gen. et sp. nov. is considered the only genuine Plecoptera reported from the Pennsylvanian. Continuing efforts on the systematics of Pennsylvanian winged insects indicate a fauna more diverse than previously appreciated. It suggests that insects already had a long, yet undocumented, history by this time.
Genomic analysis and temperature-dependent transcriptome profiles of the rhizosphere originating strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa M18
Authors: Wu Da-Qiang , Ye Jing , Ou Hong-Yu , Wei Xue , Huang Xianqing , He Ya-Wen , Xu Yuquan 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Our previously published reports have described an effective biocontrol agent named Pseudomonas sp. M18 as its 16S rDNA sequence and several regulator genes share homologous sequences with those of P. aeruginosa, but there are several unusual phenotypic features. This study aims to explore its strain specific genomic features and gene expression patterns at different temperatures.

Results
The complete M18 genome is composed of a single chromosome of 6,327,754 base pairs containing 5684 open reading frames. Seven genomic islands, including two novel prophages and five specific non-phage islands were identified besides the conserved P. aeruginosa core genome. Each prophage contains a putative chitinase coding gene, and the prophage II contains a capB gene encoding a putative cold stress protein. The non-phage genomic islands contain genes responsible for pyoluteorin biosynthesis, environmental substance degradation and type I and III restriction-modification systems. Compared with other P. aeruginosa strains, the fewest number (3) of insertion sequences and the most number (3) of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats in M18 genome may contribute to the relative genome stability. Although the M18 genome is most closely related to that of P. aeruginosa strain LESB58, the strain M18 is more susceptible to several antimicrobial agents and easier to be erased in a mouse acute lung infection model than the strain LESB58. The whole M18 transcriptomic analysis indicated that 10.6% of the expressed genes are temperature-dependent, with 22 genes up-regulated at 28°C in three non-phage genomic islands and one prophage but none at 37°C.

Conclusions
The P. aeruginosa strain M18 has evolved its specific genomic structures and temperature dependent expression patterns to meet the requirement of its fitness and competitiveness under selective pressures imposed on the strain in rhizosphere niche.
Characterization of a caleosin expressed during olive (Olea europaeaL.) pollen ontogeny
Authors: Zienkiewicz Krzysztof , Zienkiewicz Agnieszka , Rodríguez-García María Isabel , Castro Antonio J 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe olive tree is an oil-storing species, with pollen being the second most active site in storage lipid biosynthesis. Caleosins are proteins involved in storage lipid mobilization during seed germination. Despite the existence of different lipidic structures in the anther, there are no data regarding the presence of caleosins in this organ to date. The purpose of the present work was to characterize a caleosin expressed in the olive anther over different key stages of pollen ontogeny, as a first approach to unravel its biological function in reproduction.ResultsA 30 kDa caleosin was identified in the anther tissues by Western blot analysis. Using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopic immunolocalization methods, the protein was first localized in the tapetal cells at the free microspore stage. Caleosins were released to the anther locule and further deposited onto the sculptures of the pollen exine. As anthers developed, tapetal cells showed the presence of structures constituted by caleosin-containing lipid droplets closely packed and enclosed by ER-derived cisternae and vesicles. After tapetal cells lost their integrity, the caleosin-containing remnants of the tapetum filled the cavities of the mature pollen exine, forming the pollen coat. In developing microspores, this caleosin was initially detected on the exine sculptures. During pollen maturation, caleosin levels progressively increased in the vegetative cell, concurrently with the number of oil bodies. The olive pollen caleosin was able to bind calciumin vitro. Moreover, PEGylation experiments supported the structural conformation model suggested for caleosins from seed oil bodies.ConclusionsIn the olive anther, a caleosin is expressed in both the tapetal and germ line cells, with its synthesis independently regulated. The pollen oil body-associated caleosin is synthesized by the vegetative cell, whereas the protein located on the pollen exine and its coating has a sporophytic origin. The biological significance of the caleosin in the reproductive process in species possessing lipid-storing pollen might depend on its subcellular emplacement. The pollen inner caleosin may be involved in OB biogenesis during pollen maturation. The protein located on the outside might rather play a function in pollen-stigma interaction during pollen hydration and germination.
The frequency of microscopic and focal active colitis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ozdil Kamil , Sahin Abdurrahman , Calhan Turan , Kahraman Resul , Nigdelioglu Adil , Akyuz Umit , Sokmen Hacı M 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional bowel disorder. The frequency of microscopic colitis and focal active colitis in the colonic mucosa has been investigated in IBS patients.MethodsBetween June 2007 and September 2010, 378 patients (between 16 and 84 years) were recruited prospectively. Of these 378 patients, 226 patients were diagnosed with IBS using the Rome III criteria. 152 control patients were also enrolled who were undergoing colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening or investigation of anemia. Histopathological abnormalities identified during colonoscopy were compared between the IBS and control groups.ResultsThe average age of the IBS group was 46.13 ± 14.16 years and and the average age of the control group was 57.01 ± 13.07 years. The prevalence of microscopic colitis (MC) in the diarrhea predominant and the mixed subgroup of IBS patients was 4.32% (7/162) whereas in all IBS patients, the prevalence was 3.09% (7/226). MC was not found in the 152 control cases, (p = 0.045). Lymphocytic colitis was seen in 7 IBS patients, with 1 case in the mixed group and 6 cases in the diarrhea group and there was a significant difference in the frequency of lymphocytic colitis between the IBS subgroups (p < 0.01). Focal active colitis was found in 6.6% (15/226) of the IBS patients and in none of the controls (p < 0.01), and there was no differences between IBS subtypes.ConclusionMicroscopic colitis was more often found in the diarrhea predominant/mixed subgroups of IBS patients and in patients who were older women. In patients who are older woman with non-constipated IBS, it may be reasonable to perform a biopsy to screen for microscopic colitis. Focal active colitis was significantly increased in patients with IBS compared to controls.