bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Precursor and Seminyak (Champeria sp.) Leaf Extract Concentrations in Microwave-Assisted Silver Nanoparticle Fabrication
Authors: Bagas Ananda Muhammad , Bachrurozy Tami , Adilah Azmi Sarah , Wibowo Arie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess remarkable characteristics, including high antibacterial efficacy, excellent thermal conductivity, and superior electrical conductivity. However, conventional methods employed for AgNPs synthesis still rely on the use of hazardous chemicals, which pose significant threats to the environment and human health. Recently, the synthesis of AgNPs using green and sustainable methods has gained considerable attention. In this study, concentration of AgNO3 (1; 10 and 100 mM) and Seminyak (Champeria sp.) leaf extract (1 and 2 wt%) were varied to know their influence on the fabrication of AgNPs through a microwave-assisted synthesis approach. The results demonstrated that the precursor and Seminyak leaf extract concentrations significantly influenced the AgNPs properties. Visual and UV-Vis spectroscopy results suggested that AgNPs might only form at 100 mM AgNO3, which is indicated by darker appearance of sample and the presence of broad peak at 400-500 nm. Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, increasing the Seminyak leaf extract concentrations exhibited enhanced stability and monodispersity of the nanoparticles with the average particle size of 26.8 ± 10.9 nm and 17.8 ± 7.6 nm for 1 and 2 wt%, respectively. The optimized precursor and Seminyak leaf extract concentrations can be utilized to tailor the size and morphology of AgNPs, making them suitable for various applications such as catalyst, electronics, and medicine.
Formulation of Solid Soap of Kaolin Clay Using Sucrose Ester
Authors: Fauzia Salsabila Naila , Hambali Erliza , Purnawati Rini 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Kaolin solid soap is one of the soaps that can be used to remove heavy dirt (Najis mughalladzah). Sucrose esters are a unique group of emulsifiers that are non-ionic surfactants and completely biodegradable. They are obtained by the transesterification of methyl ester with sucrose. This research aims to obtain the best concentration of sucrose ester and kaolin clay and to know the characteristics and quality of soil soap. Soap was made by finding the suitable concentration for the ingredients used to make soap based on Islamic Sharia law, where the amount of soil based on the edict (fatwa) of the Ulama Council is a minimum of 5 In this study, variations in the concentration of sucrose ester used were 2, 4, and 6%, while the concentrations of kaolin clay were 20, 25, and 30%. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications. Observations of the soil soap bar include pH, foam test, hardness level, moisture content, free fatty acids, and organoleptic tests. The best formulation of soil soap based on organoleptic test results is soap with a concentration of 25% kaolin and 4% sucrose ester.
The Properties of Xylan Extracted from Corncob Using Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Agustinisari Iceu , Herawati Heny , Widaningrum  , Hernani  , Harimurti Niken , Rienoviar  , Hermiati Euis , Sunarmani  , Zahrina Ida 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Corncob is an abundant agricultural biomass that is generally underutilized and discarded. It has potential to be a resource for high-value products due to its cellulose and hemicellulose content. Xylan, which is the primary constituent of hemicellulose, can serve as a raw material or intermediary in both non-food and food industry. This research aims to study the extraction of xylan from corncob using deep eutectic solvent (DES) for clean processing and analyzes the characteristics of corncob xylan. DES comprises choline chloride and acetic acid with a molar ratio of 1:2. Xylan was extracted from corncobs by immersion in aqueous DES (70% and 90%) and heating using an autoclave at 105°C for 15 minutes. FT-IR and NMR characterized the chemical structures of xylan, while FE-SEM observed the surface. The FT-IR result showed that xylan had a peak range of 1041 cm−1, which is attributed to the glycosidic bond. A delignification process seems to have occurred as indicated by the absorption peak at 1475-1477 cm−1, indicating the presence of lignin in xylan and solid residue. Both types of extracted xylan had similar NMR spectra in the 3-4.3 ppm range, which indicates that they contained xylose. The solid residue structure obtained from extracting two DES concentrations shows the difference in the extraction process. However, the surface morphology of the two types of extracted xylan had a similar irregular shape and roughness. The use of the DES choline chloride-acetic acid could lead to the extraction and separation of xylan from lignocellulosic corncob.
Energy Audit on Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes Production, Case Study in PT Tom Cococha, Indonesia
Authors: Endah Agustina S. , Ramadhan Fathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To increase the competitiveness of Indonesian charcoal briquettes in the global market, the production should be using more efficient energy in order to reduce production cost and getting “green product” label. The first step that can be done is to conduct an energy audit that will help the company to find out the patterns of energy use in its production activities and conduct an analysis to see the energy saving opportunities that can be done. This research aims to conduct an energy audit on the charcoal briquette production process at PT Tom Cococha Indonesia. The production stages which were covered in the auditing are grinding and sieving of the coconut shell charcoal, adhesive mixing, molding, drying, and packaging the product.
The result of energy auditing which was conducted in the period of June 22 to 28, 2022, shows that the total energy required for processing coconut shell charcoal into coconut shell charcoal briquettes is 6.00 MJ/kg briquettes. Biomass was the largest energy supplier (42.35% of the total energy required) followed by diesel oil (10.24% of the total energy required), and drying process consumed more than 90% of the total energy required. Due to the high energy demand in the drying stage, a detailed audit has been undertaken on the drying process. There are 2 types of dryer machines which have been used for the drying process. Results of the detailed audit in the drying process shows that the energy required at the drying stage by using a diesel oil-fueled dryer is 3.23 MJ / kg of briquettes with a heat use efficiency rate of 78,6%. As for drying by using a biomass-fueled dryer, it is 3.50 MJ / kg briquettes with a heat use efficiency rate of 76%. According to the findings of a thorough energy audit, the electric motors which were used in the production process have technical efficiency less than 80%. According to the result, energy-saving efforts include implementing an ISO 50001-compliant energy management system and performing regular machine maintenance are strongly recommended to be done.
Urban Waste Management Solution through SRF Cofiring in Coal-Fired Power Plants
Authors: Soleh Mochamad , Hidayat Yudi , Triani Rita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Solid Recovery Fuel (SRF) is a highly effective waste product processed through sorting and separation from non-combustible materials in Indonesia. The SRF is then dried to increase its calorific value and ensure homogeneity. Most Indonesian SRF is derived from urban waste, which is predominantly organic material, making it comparable to biomass and having a calorific value akin to lignite coal.
The state-owned electricity company, PLN, collaborates with local governments responsible for waste management to utilize SRF as a fuel source in coal-fired power plants through cofiring. This renewable energy mix is an optimal solution, eliminating the need to construct new power plants and optimize waste management programs and local government budgets without burdening PLN’s operational costs when managed through an appropriate collaborative scheme. PT PLN Indonesia Power has successfully conducted research and development efforts to transform urban waste into SRF through the Waste Treatment Facility program. They have also utilized SRF cofiring in coal-fired power plants up to the heat rate testing stage. This alternative solution benefits all stakeholders in addressing the waste management challenge.
This program presents an opportunity to optimize waste management costs implemented by local governments, ultimately saving electricity generation costs. Moreover, it may help reduce the financial burden of constructing and operating conventional solar power plants. SRF cofiring in coal-fired power plants is a reliable and cost-effective renewable energy solution. The successful pilot project showcased the positive outcomes achievable through a collaborative management scheme that utilizes SRF products and environmentally friendly electricity generation for sustainable waste management. This approach effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions and enhances renewable energy generation capacity, highlighting the significant impact possible through this method.
Electromagnetically induced transparent bimodal to unimodal conversion realized by the nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Gong Jian Yu , Fang Fang Yao , Xiao Rui Lin , Zhang Hai Feng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, under the action of a gigahertz (GHz) band circularly polarized (CP) wave, a kind of CP metastructure (MS) is proposed. Recently, the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) has received great attention, but it is still difficult to realize the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) bimodal to unimodal under the control of NLC. Through the direct mutual coupling of the metal cross resonator, metal ring resonator, and dielectric cross resonator, modes coupling can be formed and generate transparent windows. Two different EIT states (unimodal and bimodal EIT) accompanied by slow light effects can be observed by regulating the NLC with the applied bias voltage (V
bias). When the V
bias is 0 V, two transparent windows can be achieved in the 6.595–8.443 GHz and 8.443–10.161 GHz bands. When V
bias is 20 V, only one transparent window can be achieved in the 6.891–8.682 GHz band. Due to the high symmetry, the MS has the polarization insensitivity to CP waves. These extremely excellent properties make this MS have a wide application prospect. Noteworthy, the theoretical calculation result of EIT is verified by the two-oscillator theory model and circuit model, the results obtained are basically consistent with the simulation results.
Versatile fitting approach for operando spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry of HfS2 oxidation
Authors: Chircă Irina , AlMutairi AbdulAziz , Achinuq Barat , Cai Rongsheng , Haigh Sarah J , Hofmann Stephan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Facile mapping of 2D heterostructures and resolving anisotropic formation kinetics down to the monolayer level are critical to developing scalable interfacing solutions and unlocking their application potential in emerging nano-optoelectronics. We adapt a Kramers–Kronig constrained variational fitting algorithm for spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (SIE) to facilitate multi-scale heterostructure analysis comprising films with unknown complex dielectric functions and demonstrate how this enables non-destructive, scalable mapping and operando capability for the model system of HfS2 oxidation. This methodology proves highly accurate for assessing the thickness of buried HfS2 layers, oxide quality, and lateral and vertical uniformity. We capture dynamic stack evolution during thermal oxidation up to 400 ∘C, providing insights into the temperature and time-dependent nature of self-limiting oxide growth and reaction kinetics that involve the localised trapping and release of sulphur reaction products. Our methodology is versatile in material and device horizons, and advantageously agnostic to the underlying substrate. Combined with the various modes of SIE operation, it unlocks fast, high-throughput, large-area capability to accelerate process development at the atomic scale.
Taguchi-integrated grey relational analysis for multi-response optimization of mix design for alkali-activated concrete
Authors: Sheelavantar Prabhu Gurunathappa , Pandit Poornachandra , Prashanth Shreelaxmi , Nishit Nirav , Jadhav Monika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although alkali-activated concrete (AAC) has gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to traditional Portland cement-based concrete due to its reduced carbon emissions and improved durability, optimizing AAC mix design still remains a challenging task as it involves complex interactions between various factors, constituent materials, and their proportions. This study presents the performance based multi-response optimization of alkali-activated concrete mix using Taguchi-integrated Grey Relational Analysis aiming for improved workability, mechanical and permeability properties. This study employs Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array to reduce the experimental trials, thereby saving time and resources. The Grey Relational Analysis optimizes factors like binder ratio, solution to binder (Al/b) ratio, and molarity of NaOH and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio, encompassing alkali-activated concrete’s fresh, mechanical, and durability characteristics with structural grade properties. The results show that binder ratio (FA:GGBS) of 90:10, Al/b ratio of 0.45, 10 M NaOH solution with Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 1 has produced the optimum alkali-activated concrete mix of structural (M40) grade.
Ferrock cement and oxalic acid for enhanced concrete strength and durability against sulphate attack
Authors: Mitikie Bahiru Bewket , Gari Beka Derbe , Elsaigh Walied A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Concrete is widely known for being plentiful, durable, and strong, but it can be damaged by different chemicals and environments, that can shorten its lifespan. Consequently, there is a growing interest among researchers to find more durable, stronger, and environmentally friendly cement alternatives. This study focuses on evaluating the workability, strength, durability properties, and morphological aspects of ferrock cement-based concrete, which involves substituting varying percentages of ferrock cement (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) for conventional cement. Ferrock, comprising Iron Powder, Fly Ash, Lime Powder, and glass powder offers pozzolanic potential as a sustainable cement substitute. Additionally, oxalic acid is introduced into the mixes to explore its role in catalyzing reactions between CO2 and water, thereby enhancing the concrete’s strength and durability. Compressive and flexural strength are analyzed after replacing the cement with ferrock, with and without oxalic acid, while durability is assessed through water absorption and resistance to sodium sulphate solution after 28 days of curing. Nine sets of mixes, all with a consistent water-cement ratio of 0.49, are investigated. Results indicate that concrete containing ferrock-based cement, particularly with oxalic acid, exhibits superior strength and enhanced resistance to sulphate attack. The addition of 5% and 10% ferrock with the integration of oxalic acid has 32.28% and 38.7% of compressive strength respectively, the same proportion has 0.2% and 0.1% of mass loss regarding resistance to sulphate attack. Notably, a 10% ferrock replacement with oxalic acid demonstrates the highest performance of concrete as determined by the multi-decision methods.
Uncertainty quantification by direct propagation of shallow ensembles
Authors: Kellner Matthias , Ceriotti Michele 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStatistical learning algorithms provide a generally-applicable framework to sidestep time-consuming experiments, or accurate physics-based modeling, but they introduce a further source of error on top of the intrinsic limitations of the experimental or theoretical setup. Uncertainty estimation is essential to quantify this error, and to make application of data-centric approaches more trustworthy. To ensure that uncertainty quantification is used widely, one should aim for algorithms that are accurate, but also easy to implement and apply. In particular, including uncertainty quantification on top of an existing architecture should be straightforward, and add minimal computational overhead. Furthermore, it should be easy to manipulate or combine multiple machine-learning predictions, propagating uncertainty over further modeling steps. We compare several well-established uncertainty quantification frameworks against these requirements, and propose a practical approach, which we dub direct propagation of shallow ensembles, that provides a good compromise between ease of use and accuracy. We present benchmarks for generic datasets, and an in-depth study of applications to the field of atomistic machine learning for chemistry and materials. These examples underscore the importance of using a formulation that allows propagating errors without making strong assumptions on the correlations between different predictions of the model.
Synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, DFT simulation, and field electron behaviour of 2D layered Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets
Authors: Sumbe Priyanka R , Chhote Ujjwala , Sanyal Gopal , Chakraborty Brahmananda , Sayeed Ahmed , More Mahendra A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nanostructures of Ti3C2Tx, one of the members of the MXenes family, have been successfully prepared by chemical etching of Al from Ti3AlC2 (MAX phase) using Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) for various etching durations at room temperature. The phase, morphological, structural, and chemical analysis was performed using XRD, FESEM, TEM, Raman, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface morphology of as-synthesized Ti3C2Tx (MXene) phase is characterized by stacks of layered sheets like structures. Field electron emission (FEE) behaviour was investigated at the base pressure of 1 × 10−8 mbar. The pristine Ti3AlC2 (MAX) and Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheets emitters showed values of turn-on field (defined at current density ∼ 1 μA cm−2) as 4.18 and 1.67 V μm−1, respectively. Furthermore, maximum emission current density of ∼ 825 μA cm−2 was extracted from the MXene nanosheets emitter at an applied field of 3.60 V μm−1, in contrast to ∼71 μA cm−2 drawn at 7.31 V μm−1 from the pristine MAX emitter. The MXene nanosheets emitter exhibited good emission current stabilities at pre-set values ∼ 10 and 100 μA over 3 h duration. Work function values of the MAX and MXene nanosheets emitters were measured using a retarding field analyzer, and found to be 4.4 and 3.6 eV, respectively. Extensive ab-initio simulations have been performed to provide structural and electronic properties, as well as for estimating the work function of Ti3C2 layered material. The estimated electronic density of states revealed its metallic character. The improved FEE performance exhibited by the 2D layered Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheets emitter is attributed to its unique morphology characterized by high aspect ratio, metallic electronic properties and relatively lower work function.
Presentness
Authors: Torrengo Giuliano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present is now, where we, the things we have experience of, and the things we act upon also are. The past and the future are somewhere else. In this chapter, the author argues that this fundamental ‘locational fact’ underpins the perceived prominence of presentness in our lives. The chapter elucidates a distinction between what the perceptual dimension of the present—which according to the author does not have any phenomenological distinctiveness, and the conceptual dimension of the present—which holds significant structural relevance within our narrative cognition. An error theoretic perspective on our linguistic and cognitive representations of the present is proposed and defended. The chapter asserts that our ordinary discourse and thought patterns concerning events and their presence are explicable by appealing to a narrative present.
Dignity Beyond Price: Kant and His Revolutionary British Contemporary
Authors: Ameriks Karl 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a comparison of the philosophies of Richard Price and Immanuel Kant. They were almost exact contemporaries and equally important in their respective cultures but apparently did not know of each other. Price’s outstanding achievements have been underappreciated ever since he was unfairly criticized by Edmund Burke. In their general moral theory, common respect for dignity, positive orientation to rationalism, and enlightened involvement in public issues, Price and Kant have a lot in common that is still relevant to contemporary philosophy. But whereas Price hailed the Glorious Revolution, the Declaration of Independence, and French Revolution, Kant only mentioned the French. Like Thomas Jefferson, they both asserted the self-evidence of human equality, and yet they did not explain how a doctrine could be presented both as revolutionary and self-evident. The chapter concludes with a discussion of self-evidence in the context of writings by Danielle Allen and other contemporary scholars.
The Study of the Epidemiology of Pediatric Hypertension Registry (SUPERHERO): rationale and methods
Authors: South Andrew M , Giammattei Victoria C , Bagley Kiri W , Bakhoum Christine Y , Beasley William H , Bily Morgan B , Biswas Shupti , Bridges Aaron M , Byfield Rushelle L , Campbell Jessica Fallon , Chanchlani Rahul , Chen Ashton , D'Agostino McGowan Lucy , Downs Stephen M , Fergeson Gina M , Greenberg Jason H , Hill-Horowitz Taylor A , Jensen Elizabeth T , Kallash Mahmoud , Kamel Margret , Kiessling Stefan G , Kline David M , Laisure John R , Liu Gang , Londeree Jackson , Lucas Caroline B , Mannemuddhu Sai Sudha , Mao Kuo-Rei , Misurac Jason M , Murphy Margaret O , Nugent James T , Onugha Elizabeth A , Pudupakkam Ashna , Redmond Kathy M , Riar Sandeep , Sethna Christine B , Siddiqui Sahar , Thumann Ashley L , Uss Stephen R , Vincent Carol L , Viviano Irina V , Walsh Michael J , White Blanche D , Woroniecki Robert P , Wu Michael , Yamaguchi Ikuyo , Yun Emily , Weaver Donald J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite increasing prevalence of hypertension in youth and high adult cardiovascular mortality rates, the long-term consequences of youth-onset hypertension remain unknown. This is due to limitations of prior research, such as small sample sizes, reliance on manual record review, and limited analytic methods, that did not address major biases. The Study of the Epidemiology of Pediatric Hypertension (SUPERHERO) is a multisite, retrospective registry of youth evaluated by subspecialists for hypertension disorders. Sites obtain harmonized electronic health record data using standardized biomedical informatics scripts validated with randomized manual record review. Inclusion criteria are index visit for International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code–defined hypertension disorder on or after January 1, 2015, and age &lt; 19 years. We exclude patients with ICD-10 code–defined pregnancy, kidney failure on dialysis, or kidney transplantation. Data include demographics, anthropomorphics, US Census Bureau tract, histories, blood pressure, ICD-10 codes, medications, laboratory and imaging results, and ambulatory blood pressure. SUPERHERO leverages expertise in epidemiology, statistics, clinical care, and biomedical informatics to create the largest and most diverse registry of youth with newly diagnosed hypertension disorders. SUPERHERO’s goals are to reduce CVD burden across the life course and establish gold-standard biomedical informatics methods for youth with hypertension disorders.