bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust stability of delayed genetic regulatory networks with different sources of uncertainties
Authors: Pan Wei , Wang Zidong , Hu Jun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGene regulation is inherently a stochastic process due to intrinsic and extrinsic noises which cause the fluctuations and uncertainties of kinetic parameters. On the other hand, time delays are usually inevitable due to different biochemical reactions in the genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) which are also affected by noises. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a GRN model that is subject to additive and multiplicative noises as well as time‐varying delays. The time‐varying delay is assumed to belong to an interval and no restriction on the derivative of the time‐varying delay is needed, which allows the delay to be a fast time‐varying function. Robust stochastic stability of such GRNs with disturbance attenuation is analyzed by applying the control theory and mathematical tools. Based on the Lyapunov method, new stability conditions are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities that are dependent on the upper and lower bounds of time delays. An example is employed to illustrate the applicability and usefulness of the developed theoretical results.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
The Genus Plectranthus in India and Its Chemistry
Authors: Waldia Shobha , Joshi Bipin C. , Pathak Uma , Joshi Mukesh C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPhytochemical constituents isolated from Indian species of the genus Plectranthus reported up to 2009 are compiled. In India, the genus Plectranthus is found in all the habitats and altitudes, particularly in the Himalaya, the Southern Ghats, and the Nilgiri region. P. amboinicus, P. barbatus, P. caninus, P. mollis, P. coetsa, and P. incanus are the most common species found in India. Phytochemical studies of the genus revealed that Indian Plectranthus species are rich in essential oil, and that the most abundant secondary metabolites are diterpenoids, i.e., labdanes, abietanes, and ent‐kauranes, as well as triterpenoids.
Myrtus communis Berry Color Morphs: A Comparative Analysis of Essential Oils, Fatty Acids, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Messaoud Chokri , Boussaid Mohamed 
Published: February 2011

AbstractExtracts of mature dark blue and white berries from two Tunisian Myrtus communis morphs growing at the same site were assessed for their essential‐oil and fatty‐acid compositions, phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities. The GC and GC/MS analyses of the essential oils allowed the identification of 33 constituents. The oils from the dark blue fruits showed high percentages of α‐pinene (11.1%), linalool (11.6%), α‐terpineol (15.7%), methyl eugenol (6.2%), and geraniol (3.7%). Myrtenyl acetate (20.3%) was found to be the major compound in the oils from white berries. GC Analysis of the pericarp and seed fatty acids showed that the polyunsaturated fatty acids constituted the major fraction (54.3–78.1%). The highest percentages of linoleic acid (78.0%) and oleic acid (20.0%) were observed in the seeds and the pericarps of the white fruits, respectively. The total phenol, flavonoid, and flavonol contents and the concentration of the eight anthocyanins, identified by HPLC analysis, were significantly higher in the dark blue fruits. All extracts showed a substantial antioxidant activity, assessed by the free radical‐scavenging activity and the ferric reducing power, with the dark blue fruit extracts being more effective.
Chemical Variability of the Wood Essential Oil of Cedrus atlanticaManetti from Corsica
Authors: Paoli Mathieu , Nam Anne‐Marie , Castola Vincent , Casanova Joseph , Bighelli Ange 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe composition of 48 samples of essential oil isolated from the wood of Cedrus atlantica growing in Corsica was investigated by GC (in combination with retention indices), GC/MS, and 13C‐NMR. Twenty‐three compounds accounting for 73.9–96.0% of the oil composition were identified. The oils consisted mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons and sesquiterpenes, in particular α‐pinene (5; up to 79.4%), himachalol (4; up to 66.2%), β‐pinene (up to 21.4%), β‐himachalene (2; up to 19.3%), γ‐himachalene (3; up to 11.0%), and α‐himachalene (1; up to 10.9%). The 48 oil compositions were submitted to k‐means partitioning and principal‐component analysis, which allowed the distinction of two groups within the oil samples. The composition of Group I (44% of the samples) was dominated by 5, while the samples of Group II (56% of the samples) contained mainly 4.
Variation in Volatile Leaf Oils of Five Eucalyptus Species Harvested from Jbel Abderrahman Arboreta (Tunisia)
Authors: Elaissi Ameur , Medini Hanène , Khouja Mohamed Larbi , Simmonds Monique , Lynen Frederic , Farhat Farhat , Chemli Rachid , Harzallah‐Skhiri Fethia 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHydrodistillation of the dried leaves of five species of the genus Eucalyptus L' Hér., viz., E. dundasii Maiden, E. globulus Labill., E. kitsoniana Maiden, E. leucoxylon F. Muell., and E. populifolia Hook., harvested from Jbel Abderrahman arboreta (region of Nabeul, northeast of Tunisia) in April 2006, afforded essential oils in yields varying from 0.9±0.3 to 3.8±0.6%, dependent on the species. E. globulus and E. Kitsoniana provided the highest and the lowest percentage of essential oil amongst the species examined, respectively. Analysis by GC (RI) and GC/MS allowed the identification of 127 compounds, representing 93.8 to 98.7% of the total oil composition. The contents of the different samples varied according to the species. The main components were 1,8‐cineole (2; 4.7–59.2%), followed by α‐pinene (1; 1.9–23.6%), trans‐pinocarveol (6; 3.5–21.6%), globulol (8; 4.3–12.8%), p‐cymene (3; 0.5–6.7%), α‐terpineol (1.5–4.5%), borneol (0.2–4.4%), pinocarvone (1.1–3.8%), aromadendrene (1.4–3.4%), isospathulenol (0.0–1.9%), fenchol (4; 0.1–2.5%), limonene (1.0–2.4%), epiglobulol (0.6–2.1%), viridiflorol (9; 0.8–1.8%), and spathulenol (0.1–1.6%). E. leucoxylon was the richest species in 2. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) separated the five Eucalyptus leaf essential oils into four groups, each constituting a chemotype.
Chemical Differences in Volatiles between Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum and subsp. albida (Guss) P. W. Ball (Lamiaceae) Determined by Solid‐Phase Microextraction (SPME) Coupled with GC/FID and GC/MS
Authors: Maggi Filippo , Conti Fabio , Cristalli Gloria , Giuliani Claudia , Papa Fabrizio , Sagratini Gianni , Vittori Sauro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMelittis melissophyllum (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb, typical of woody places, occurring in Italy with two subspecies, i.e., melissophyllum and albida. So far, the classification of these two taxa was only based on morphology, i.e., the presence of glandular trichomes, the dimension of the leaves, and the number of teeth on each side as the main discriminant characters. To find marker compounds to chemically discriminate the subsp. melissophyllum with respect to the subsp. albida, a solid‐phase microextraction SPME analysis coupled with GC/FID (=flame ionization detector) and GC/MS was carried out. SPME proved to be a chemotaxonomically useful technique that permitted a clearly differentiation of the two subspecies at headspace level. The subsp. melissophyllum was characterized by high amount of the mushroom alcohol oct‐1‐en‐3‐ol and the phenolic coumarin, whilst the subsp. albida exhibited a high content in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, α‐pinene, sabinene, and (E)‐caryophyllene being the major compounds. Multivariate chemometric techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA) and principal‐component analysis (PCA), were used to support chemical data and characterize the population according to the taxonomy. In addition, the micromorphology and distribution of glandular trichomes of both subspecies were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Synthesis of Lipid–Oligonucleotide Conjugates for RNA Interference Studies
Authors: Grijalvo Santiago , Ocampo Sandra M. , Perales José C. , Eritja Ramon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of RNA molecules carrying lipids at their 3′‐termini and 5′‐termini is reported. These conjugates were fully characterized by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry and HPLC chromatography. The ability of these conjugates to silence gene expression was evaluated in the inhibition of the tumor necrosis factor. All the lipidsiRNA derivatives were compatible with RNA interference machinery if transfected with oligofectamine. In the absence of a transfection agent, some lipidsiRNA derivatives can exert a slight reduction of gene expression.
Synthesis and Enzymatic Deprotection of Biodegradably Protected Dinucleoside‐2′,5′‐monophosphates: 3‐(Acetyloxy)‐2,2‐bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl Phosphoesters of 3′‐O‐(Acyloxymethyl)adenylyl‐2′,5′‐adenosines
Authors: Kiuru Emilia , Ora Mikko , Beigelman Leonid , Blatt Lawrence , Lönnberg Harri 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAs a first step towards a viable prodrug strategy for short oligoribonucleotides, such as 2–5A and its congeners, adenylyl‐2′,5′‐adenosines bearing a 3‐(acetyloxy)‐2,2‐bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl group at the phosphate moiety, and an (acetyloxy)methyl‐ or a (pivaloyloxy)methyl‐protected 3′‐OH group of the 2′‐linked nucleoside have been prepared. The enzyme‐triggered removal of these protecting groups by hog liver carboxyesterase at pH 7.5 and 37° has been studied. The (acetyloxy)methyl group turned out to be too labile for the 3′‐O‐protection, being removed faster than the phosphate‐protecting group, which results in 2′,5′‐ to 3′,5′‐isomerization of the internucleosidic phosphoester linkage. In addition, the starting material was unexpectedly converted to the 5′‐O‐acetylated derivative. (Pivaloyloxy)methyl group appears more appropriate for the purpose. The fully deprotected 2′,5′‐ApA was accumulated as a main product, although, even in this case, the isomerization of the starting material takes place.
Solar Fuel Production Based on the Artificial Photosynthesis System
Authors: Amao Yutaka 
Published: February 2011

AbstractModels of photosynthesis mimetic systems, the so‐called artificial photosynthesis systems, have been investigated since the 1970s for the purpose of tapping solar energy. With the deterioration of the global environment in the 21st century, attributed to global warming and greenhouse gas emissions, it has become imperative to identify new fuel sources such as solar energy to replace fossil fuels. Among the new fuel production systems, those involving the use of solar energy have attracted attention; examples are systems that produce hydrogen through water photolysis and those that produce methanol by CO2 reduction with the aid of an artificial photosynthesis system. As hydrogen and methanol are low‐carbon fuels (the emission of CO2 from the combustion of these fuels is low), they are considered to be alternatives to fossil resources. In this review, solar fuel production systems consisting of an artificial photosynthesis system, a catalyst, and an enzyme are discussed. These systems are expected to help in reducing CO2 and to promote the use of low‐carbon fuels in the future.
Ionic Liquid‐Inspired Cations Covalently Bound to Formate Dehydrogenase Improve its Stability and Activity in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Bekhouche Mourad , Blum Loïc J. , Doumèche Bastien 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are important new solvents for electrochemistry and biocatalysis, but dehydrogenases usually do not work in ionic liquids. Adding more than 40 % (v/v) of the water miscible ionic liquid [MMIm][Me2PO4] (MMIm: 1‐methyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium dimethylphosphate) inactivates the formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Candida boidinii. The grafting of a variety of IL‐inspired hydroxylated cations (hydroxyalkyl imidazolium, hydroxylalkyl pyrrolydinium, and cholinium) on the enzyme through lysine coupling was performed to understand the relationship between grafted cation, enzyme activity, and protein structure. As a general trend, the more a cation was kosmotropic (e.g., presenting a high B coefficient), the larger the resulting modifications were. The ability of these enzymes to bind the substrates was studied by fluorescence quenching in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and azide. The dissociation constant for NAD+ was only slightly affected by the grafting of the cations, however, the quenching efficiency was reduced. Azide binding was more affected by the cations. In the presence of 30 % (v/v) [MMIm][Me2PO4], the catalytic efficiency of the wild‐type enzyme was reduced by 2.8 fold. In comparison, the catalytic efficiency of the modified FDH was preserved in these conditions and even improved after modification by hydroxypropyl imidazolium. The grafting of the chaotropic cations prevented the unfolding of the FDH due to [MMIm][Me2PO4].
Prevalence and Spectrum of Coronary Artery Anomalies in Patients With an Isolated Congenital Left Ventricular Aneurysm or Diverticulum
Authors: Ohlow Marc‐Alexander , Fuhrmann Jörg T. , Lauer Bernward 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:Congenital left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) and diverticulum (LVD) are rare cardiac anomalies and frequently associated with other cardiac anomalies. The objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence and the spectrum of coronary anomalies in such patients.Hypothesis:The incidence of coronary anomalies is increased in patients with LVA or LVD.Methods:We assessed 117 patients with isolated LVA or LVD for the prevalence of coronary anomalies and compared the findings with an age‐ and sex‐matched control group (n = 117) without the diagnosis of LVA or LVD.Results:Coronary anomalies were present in 58.1% of the study population (68 of 117). The median age of affected patients was 64 years, and 45 (38.5%) were male. Coronary anomalies were more prevalent in patients with LVA or LVD (58.1% vs 6.8%, P < 0.001), male patients (89% vs 57%, P = 0.0002), and in patients with nonapical location of LVA or LVD (24% vs 45%, P = 0.02) compared with control, whereas age and type (LVA vs LVD) had no influence (57% vs 57.6%, P = 0.4; and 58.8% vs 57.6%, P = 0.87, respectively). The number of adverse cardiac events was similar in both groups during a 4.2‐year follow‐up period (29% vs 19%, P = 0.09). None of the patients in our series had major coronary anomalies with potential lethal consequences.Conclusions:This large single‐center study suggests that the prevalence of abnormal coronary‐artery anatomy in patients with isolated LVA or LVD is as high as 58.1%. However, we did not identify major coronary anomalies with potential lethal consequences, and the clinical course during follow‐up was not influenced by the presence or absence of coronary anomalies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Prospective evaluation of spinal reirradiation by using stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Garg Amit K. , Wang Xin‐Shelley , Shiu Almon S. , Allen Pamela , Yang James , McAleer Mary Frances , Azeem Syed , Rhines Laurence D. , Chang Eric L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Stereotactic body radiotherapy for previously irradiated, progressive spinal metastases may be a viable option in selected patients. The authors review a prospective series of spinal metastasis patients reirradiated with stereotactic body radiotherapy.METHODS:A total of 59 patients with 63 tumors of the spine were reirradiated with stereotactic body radiotherapy between 2003 and 2009. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging was performed both before treatment initiation and at regular follow‐up intervals. Stereotactic body radiotherapy was delivered to a peripheral dose of 30 grays (Gy) in 5 fractions (6 Gy per fraction), or 27 Gy in 3 fractions (9 Gy per fraction). The National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria 2.0 and McCormick neurological function system were used to evaluate toxicity and neurologic status, respectively.RESULTS:Mean follow‐up was 17.6 months. Actuarial 1‐year radiographic local control and overall survival for all patients were both 76%. Of the tumors that progressed after stereotactic body radiotherapy, 13 (81%) of 16 patients had tumors that were within 5 mm of the spinal cord, and 6 of them eventually developed spinal cord compression. Toxicity was most commonly grade 1 or 2 fatigue. Two patients experienced mild to moderate radiation injury (lumbar plexopathy) while remaining independently ambulatory and pain free. Freedom from neurologic deterioration from any cause was 92% at 1 year.CONCLUSIONS:Reirradiation for progressive spinal metastases with stereotactic body radiotherapy results in good local control and limited toxicity. Initial surgery should be considered for tumors within 5 mm of the spinal cord. Radiation dose should be tailored for tumors near or invading the psoas muscle secondary to observed risk of lumbar plexopathy. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Cooler for obtaining crystals
Authors: Cabric B. , Danilovic N. , Pavlovic T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA modular air‐cooled tube, with a series of movable Tamman test tubes or plugs (modular unilateral and bilateral “crystallization comb”), installed in a laboratory tube furnace is presented. The setup allows easy regulation and simultaneous crystallization tests of a series of different crystallization parameters in crucible columns, enabling rapid acquisition of crystals. The relationship between the crystallization parameters has been given and numerically analyzed. This method can also be applied in crucible and chamber furnaces. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural, optical, electrical and luminescence properties of electron beam evaporated CdSe:In films
Authors: Syed Ahamed Basheer M. G. , Rajni K. S. , Vidhya V. S. , Swaminathan V. , Thayumanavan A. , Murali K. R. , Jayachandran M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCdSe:In films were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique using CdSe and In2Se3 (purity ∼99.9%) pellets. The crystal structure of the films with and without Indium, measured by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), showed a typical wurtzite structure, higher Indium doping shifts the peak angle to higher side along with the broadening of the peaks. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies indicated binding energies corresponding to 54 eV (Se3d5/2), 444 eV (In 3d5/2), 411 eV (Cd 3d3/2), (Cd 3d5/2). Atomic force microscope (AFM) studies indicated a uniform surface.The grain size decreases with increase of In doping. A decrease in the band gap was observed with increase of dopant concentration. Resistivity of the films is in the range of 10‐3 Ωcm. Carrier density was in the range of 1021 cm‐3 for the films. The photolumineasenec spectra (PL) spectra indicated three peaks. The peak intensity decreases as the Indium concentration increases. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of process parameters on crystal size and morphology of lactose in ultrasound‐assisted crystallization
Authors: Patel S. R. , Murthy Z. V. P. 
Published: February 2011

Abstractα‐lactose monohydrate is widely used as a pharmaceutical excipient. Drug delivery system requires the excipient to be of narrow particle size distribution with regular particle shape. Application of ultrasound is known to increase or decrease the growth rate of certain crystal faces and controls the crystal size distribution. In the present paper, effect of process parameters such as sonication time, anti‐solvent concentration, initial lactose concentration and initial pH of sample on lactose crystal size, shape and thermal transition temperature was studied. The parameters were set according to the L9‐orthogonal array method at three levels and recovered lactose from whey by sonocrystallization. The recovered lactose was analyzed by particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimeter. It was found that the morphology of lactose crystal was rod/needle like shape. Crystal size distribution of lactose was observed to be influenced by different process parameters. From the results of analysis of variance, the sonication time interval was found to be the most significant parameter affecting the volume median diameter of lactose with the highest percentage contribution (74.28%) among other parameters. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of Bi0.85Sm0.15FeO3 perovskite
Authors: Khomchenko V. A. , Paixão J. A. , Costa B. F. O. , Karpinsky D. V. , Kholkin A. L. , Troyanchuk I. O. , Shvartsman V. V. , Borisov P. , Kleemann W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRoom temperature crystal structure, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Bi0.85Sm0.15FeO3 samples were investigated. X‐ray diffraction study shows that the compound possesses a dominant PbZrO3‐like orthorhombic structure with √2a ×2√2a ×2a superlattice (a is the parameter of the cubic perovskite subcell). In contrast to piezoresponse force microscopy data demonstrating some features characteristic of ferroelectrics, polarization vs. electric field measurements reveal the behavior expected for nonpolar materials. Investigation of magnetic properties confirms that 15% samarium substitution suppresses the spin modulation typical of BiFeO3 and induces the appearance of spontaneous magnetization. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The neuronal protein Kidins220/ARMS associates with ICAM‐3 and other uropod components and regulates T‐cell motility
Authors: Jean‐Mairet Roberto Martín , López‐Menéndez Celia , Sánchez‐Ruiloba Lucía , Sacristán Sandra , Rodríguez‐Martínez María , Riol‐Blanco Lorena , Sánchez‐Mateos Paloma , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco , Rodríguez‐Fernández José Luis , Campanero Miguel R. , Iglesias Teresa 
Published: February 2011

AbstractKinase D interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220), also known as ankyrin repeat‐rich membrane spanning (ARMS), is a protein that is mainly expressed in brain and neural cells where its function is only starting to be characterized. Here, we show that Kidins220/ARMS is also expressed in T lymphocytes where it is highly concentrated at the uropod of polarized T cells. In this cellular model, Kidins220/ARMS colocalizes with typical uropod T‐cell molecules and coimmunoprecipitates with ICAM‐3. Furthermore, Kidins220/ARMS associates with raft domains at the uropod and coimmunoprecipitates with caveolin‐1, a molecule we show here to be also expressed in T cells. Importantly, induction of morphological polarization in primary T lymphocytes and Jurkat cells enhances Kidins220/ARMS colocalization with ICAM‐3. Conversely, disruption of cell polarity provokes Kidins220/ARMS redistribution from the uropod to other cellular regions and drastically impairs its association with ICAM‐3 in a protein kinase C‐dependent manner. Finally, Kidins220/ARMS knockdown in human polarized T‐cell lines promotes both basal and stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α‐induced directed migration, identifying a novel function for this molecule. Altogether, our findings show that Kidins220/ARMS is a novel component of the uropod involved in the regulation of T‐cell motility, an essential process for the immune response.