bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RBF neural network dynamic sliding mode control based on lambert W function for piezoelectric stick–slip actuator
Authors: Li Yan , Fan Piao , Zhang Zhenguo , Li Yuelong , Yang Shitong , Lu Xiaohui 
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a novel approach for increasing the precision of high-precision positioning control experiments for a piezoelectric stick–slip actuator system. This is achieved through dynamic sliding mode control with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) based on the Lambert W function. The proposed control strategy is divided into two parts: scanning mode control and stepping mode control. For scanning control, a dynamic sliding mode controller was designed to solve the jitter problem in traditional sliding mode control. The introduction of the RBFNN avoids the effects of uncertainty terms and unknown disturbances in the model; reduces the controller gain, which must be adjusted; and improves the robustness of the system to disturbances. The stability of the dynamic sliding mode controller based on the RBFNN was verified through a Lyapunov analysis, and the Lambert W function was introduced to optimize the controller parameters responsible for the time lag in the closed-loop control system. This optimization improved the system’s robustness against time delays, which can adversely affect its performance. Simulation and experimental results indicated that the proposed control strategy achieved a positioning control accuracy of &lt;40 nm during the scanning phase and was robust in the presence of a load. In long-distance positioning control experiments, the control strategy achieved a control target of 40 μm while maintaining the positioning control accuracy and reducing the impact of time lag on the system.
Electron beam profile measurement using enhanced dual-techniques in high heat flux test facility at Institute for Plasma Research
Authors: Belsare Sunil , Bhope Kedar , Mehta Mayur , Khirwadkar Samir , Patel Tushar , Swamy Rajamannar , Sahu Srikanta , Mokariya Prakash , Patel Nikunj 
Published: June 2024

During operation of an ITER-like plasma fusion device, Plasma Facing Components (PFCs) of a divertor are subjected to steady-state and transient heat loads of up to 20 MW/m2. At High Heat Flux Test Facility (HHFTF) at Institute for Plasma Research, PFCs are subjected to such heat flux scenarios using 200 kW electron beam (EB). A heat flux distribution on PFCs is significantly influenced by the EB profile and scanning technique. A novel dual-technique approach is used to measure EB cross-sectional profiles in HHFTF. A single setup is designed, fabricated, and installed in HHFTF consisting of (1) the knife-edge technique involving graphite and tungsten rectangular tiles bonded on a copper block adjacent to each other to form a sharp edge and (2) the wire scanner technique wherein tungsten wires are placed at equal distances. Current collected by the setup is measured as EB is rastered across the wire and tile boundaries. Current measured as a function of EB position is used to calculate the EB profile using a customized LabVIEW software application. Experiments are conducted by varying EB power from 28 to 200 kW and correspondingly the full width at half maximum of the EB profile grows from 5.30 to 16.04 mm, as observed by both these techniques. The COMSOL Multiphysics simulation of the wire scanner technique is performed to verify the experimental results. X-ray and infra-red imaging diagnostics of HHFTF are also used to measure the EB profile in a unique and first-of-its-kind way, and they are found to agree well with the dual-technique measurements.
Orthogonal experimental study of ultrasound-assisted fused deposition molding
Authors: Wang Haixiong , Liu Shuhao , Ying Jun 
Published: June 2024

To improve the quality of fused deposition molding (FDM), we introduced ultrasonic vibration into the molding process to enhance the strength of the tensile samples. We used the response surface method to optimize the FDM molding process. We carried out orthogonal experiments to investigate the effects of ultrasonic power and process parameters (extrusion temperature, hotbed temperature, and delamination thickness) on the mechanical properties of fused deposition acrylonitrile butadiene styrene products. We obtained the quadratic regression equations and response surfaces of the data through analysis of variance and significance analysis by software. Last, we received the optimum combination of process parameters for tensile strength as extrusion temperature 233.85 °C, hotbed temperature 93.38 °C, delamination thickness 0.1 mm, and ultrasonic power 43.09 W.
The dissociation of H2O on the γ-U (110) and (100) surfaces: an ab initio study
Authors: Yang Yue , Zhu Songlin , Xie Minghong , Tian Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The dissociation of H2O on γ-U (110) and γ-U (100) surfaces has been studied by using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at an elevated temperature of 800 K. The simulation results show the dissociation of H2O into the OH group and H atom, which are finally adsorbed on the uranium surface. The dissociation results from electronic interactions between surface uranium 6d/5 f states and the s orbitals of H and the 2p orbitals of O. Additionally, the hybridization between the 6d orbital of surface uranium and the 2p orbital of oxygen plays a dominant role in dissociative adsorption. A significant charge transfer from the uranium surface to the O and H atoms is observed, indicating the formation of U–O and U–H chemical bonds. Specifically, for γ-U (110) surface, the most preferred site for OH is the 3-fold hollow site and H occupies the bridge site or the 3-fold hollow site. On the other hand, for γ-U (100) surface, OH prefers to adsorb on the bridge site and H occupies the 3-fold hollow site or the bridge site. Furthermore, when H2O is placed on the TOP site, its initial dissociation on the γ-U (110) surface is easier compared to the γ-U (100) surface.
The surface chemistry of the atomic layer deposition of metal thin films
Authors: Zaera Francisco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this perspective we discuss the progress made in the mechanistic studies of the surface chemistry associated with the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of metal films and the usefulness of that knowledge for the optimization of existing film growth processes and for the design of new ones. Our focus is on the deposition of late transition metals. We start by introducing some of the main surface-sensitive techniques and approaches used in this research. We comment on the general nature of the metallorganic complexes used as precursors for these depositions, and the uniqueness that solid surfaces and the absence of liquid solvents bring to the ALD chemistry and differentiate it from what is known from metalorganic chemistry in solution. We then delve into the adsorption and thermal chemistry of those precursors, highlighting the complex and stepwise nature of the decomposition of the organic ligands that usually ensued upon their thermal activation. We discuss the criteria relevant for the selection of co-reactants to be used on the second half of the ALD cycle, with emphasis on the redox chemistry often associated with the growth of metallic films starting from complexes with metal cations. Additional considerations include the nature of the substrate and the final structural and chemical properties of the growing films, which we indicate rarely retain the homogeneous 2D structure often aimed for. We end with some general conclusions and personal thoughts about the future of this field.
Geothermal Exploration in Hululais Geothermal Field, Lebong Regency, using a 1D Magnetotelluric Approach to Estimate The Depth of Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Suhendra  , Johan Henny , Refrizon  , Ikhlas Fadli Darmawan , Halauddin  , Mandela Afrizen , Syakban Idris Beni , Lidiawati Liza , Purqan Aulia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Indonesia continues to rely heavily on hydrocarbon energy sources. However, in order to ensure the country’s long-term economic growth, it must diversify its energy investments and use renewable energy sources. Through tapping into the country’s vast untapped geothermal resources, the country can meet its rising energy needs in a sustainable and effective manner, all while contributing to mitigating climate change’s worst effects. Lebong Regency, Bengkulu, Indonesia, is the site of the Hululais Geothermal Field. Geothermal energy could be extracted from the area’s hydrothermal systems, as evidenced by the existence of surface hot springs and sulfur craters. In order to determine how deep the geothermal reservoir rocks at Hululais go, a thorough investigation of the area has been carried out using the magnetotelluric (MT) technique to probe the underlying lithological conditions. More than 10 kilometers of MT data were collected across 4 different survey stations for this study’s 1D inversion. The information was gathered with the help of a Metronix ADU-07e MT instrument. The 1D occam inversion results explain the resistive zone connected to the flow of thermal fluid. Hot springs and sulfur craters can be seen on Hululais’s surface, indicating the fluid flows beneath the island’s crust. 1D Occam inversion of MT data measured in the Lebong District can identify geothermal reservoir, where the depth of the geothermal reservoir is 400 meters in subsurface, which is indicated by a high resistivity value (> 500 Ω.m).
Preliminary Study on Structure of Carbon Derived from Palm Oil Shell
Authors: Wardhani Mas’udah Kusuma , Tiara Permatasari Gabriella , Astuti Fahmi , Asih Retno , Darminto Darminto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Palm shells are waste that is produced every year due to the large demand for palm oil. The potential for carbon derivatives in palm shell charcoal waste that can be extracted is more like activated carbon. Therefore, this research aims to provide an explanation of the ability of palm shell charcoal carbon as a residual component of palm oil processing that is affordable and abundantly available, which if maximized properly will be the forerunner to the development of technology that has added value. The capabilities of Palm Shell Charcoal can be applied for technical applications with further development. It is hoped that this study will provide initial information for scientists and policy makers in the fields of environmental conservation and technology. Palm shell charcoal (ACKS) that has been washed, dried and made into powder is subjected to DSC-TGA, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX testing. The XRD results show that there is a main broad peak that appears around the 2θ ∼23° angle which corresponds to the (002) plane and also a narrow peak appears at the 26° angle which indicates graphite growth. Meanwhile, the FTIR results show that many of the bonds formed are C=O, C-O, C=C and O-H bonds which indicate the presence of hard carbon.
In-situ Synchrotron Radiation XRD Crystal Structure and Microstructure Analysis of CaO-ZrO2 solid-solution at 1100°C with Prolonged Heating
Authors: Hariyanto Budi , Eka Wahyuni Afra , Ely Sufilman , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Saiyasombat Chatree , Yani Purwaningsih Sri , Pratapa Suminar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The structural analysis of the CaO-ZrO2 solid-solutions was carried out using in-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD). CaO-ZrO2 solid-solutions with 0, 2.5, and 5 at.% CaO contents were synthesized via a solid-solid ball milling technique. The amorphous ZrO2 powder was synthesized via co-precipitation using ZrCl4 and NH4OH as precursors, while the CaO powder was purified from a local limestone. In-situ SR-XRD measurements were conducted on the CaO-ZrO2 mixtures by independently heating them to 1100°C for different holding times of 0, 12, 24, and 36 minutes using a DHS furnace. Qualitative analysis of all SR-XRD patterns showed that only tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) was present. The crystallite size of tetragonal zirconia ranged from 17 to 22 nm, depending on calcination holding time and CaO addition. Further analysis showed that the tetragonality (c/a) parameter remained relatively constant over the 36-minute holding time. However, the introduction of CaO led to an insignificant reduction in tetragonality, averaging 0.292%.
Characterization of the structure, morphology, and optical properties of titanium dioxide thin film deposited by spray pyrolysis technique for self-cleaning glass
Authors: Shabrina N. , Salsabila N. K. , Sudarsono S. , Yudoyono G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The research in material science has actively pursued the creation of self-cleaning materials, especially for windows. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered a promising substance for developing hydrophilic self-cleaning surfaces due to its photocatalytic activity. In this research, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using TiCl3 as the precursor and co-precipitation as the experimental method in order to obtain anatase phase. The nanoparticles, then, was deposited by spray pyrolysis technique with different spraying time; 1, 2, 3, and 4 minutes and different types of TiO2 nanoparticles—synthesis and commercial—as the primary variations. TiO2 thin film was formed using ethyl cellulose as binder and isopropyl alcohol as solvent. The synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles and deposited thin film were, then, characterized using XRD, Maud software, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, optical microscope, and SEM. The higher band gap energy value of TiO2 thin films was obtained with the average of 3.746 eV and 3.744 eV for TI(S) and TI(C), respectively, as a result of ethyl cellulose composition on the thin film. The thin film was categorized as hydrophilic.
Evaluation of Effective Doses of Radiation and Risk Factors in Thorax-Testing CT Scans of Patients with Lung Cancer Cases
Authors: Nasori Nasori , Putri Fadhilah Syifa H. , Farahdina Ulya , Hartanti Aditya Surya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Human organs have a certain dose tolerance to receive X-ray radiation, one of which can be received from radiodiagnostic radiation using a CT scan. The aim of this research is study to estimate the effective dose received by CT scan thorax patients then compare it with the Dose Limit Value (DLV) advised by the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN). An estimated effective dose value can be created by calculating the dosage that an organ got from radiation during irradiation using a CT scan. IndoseCT v20b software and manual calculations using empirical tissue weight factors are used in this study to estimate the effective dose received by CT scan thorax patients. This estimated effective dose is then compared with the Dose Limit Value (DLV) advised by the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) for CT scan thorax patients. The effective dose also can be used to identify cancer risk factors as well as organs at risk in the chest cavity. The basic patient data for this study, including the computed tomography dose index vol (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) values, were collected through observation. Then, on the basis of patient data from a thorax CT scan, data processing was done using the IndoQCT and IndoseCT v20b software programs as well as manual calculations utilizing empirical tissue weight factors. According to this information, the patient who received the greatest effective dose according to calculations made manually and using the IndoseCT program was 38.61 mSv and 35.75 mSv. The results of this study show that the both effective dose value from the two calculation results is still below the DLV recommended by BAPETEN so it is acceptable and considered safe for patients. The thymus gland, heart, and trachea-bronchi are the three organs that receive the highest effective dose values, which increases the possibility of damage after CT scan of the thorax in patients.
Software Design for Radial and Angular Directional Magnetic Field Measurement System of DECY-13 Cyclotron
Authors: Kurniawan I , Wibowo K , Puspitasari A J , Diah F I , Mulyani E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Research Center for Accelerator Technology (PRTA) is currently developing the DECY-13 cyclotron in Yogyakarta for an energy level of 13 MeV. A critical component of the cyclotron is the magnet system, which is essential for deflecting and focusing the particle beam. Achieving isochronous criteria is of utmost importance in the design of this magnetic system. To ensure compliance with these criteria, a magnetic field mapping system has been developed consisting of two main component: mechanical system and control and instrumentation system (CIS). The mechanical system was developed in 2021 and in 2022, the focus shifted to the design of CIS. The CIS design involves four key stages: hardware identification, determination of operation procedures, and identification of main parameters. Following these stages, the operation flowchart and Human-Machine Interface (HMI) are created. Subsequently, the testing phase includes assessing the angular, radial, and auto-mapping movements. The test results revealed several errors in the movement, attributed to mechanical system malfunctions. Despite these challenges, the software’s basic functions meet the requirements for driving the mechanical system of the DECY-13 cyclotron. Addressing and rectifying the identified errors in the mechanical system is crucial for optimizing the overall performance of the DECY-13 cyclotron.
Tetrad formalism in the solution of spherically symmetric spacetime in general relativity
Authors: Wulandari Nadya E. S. , Subagyo Bintoro A. , Rahmani M. H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Spherically symmetric solutions in general relativity are the most fundamental solutions to the Einstein field equation. The first exact solution of the Einstein field equation is the spherically symmetric solution given by the Schwarzschild metric, as easily found in any standard textbook on general relativity. The FLRW (Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walkers) metric is another spherically symmetric solution of Einstein’s equation describing the standard model in Cosmology. The standard approach to solving Einstein’s equations is by considering the metric. However, we can also adopt a tetrad-based method or tetrad formalism. We review these two solutions by the tetrad formalism as an alternative approach. In addition, we give some more cases, including the cosmological constant and the Taub-NUT metric.
Understanding the Theoretic Study of Alkali Metal (Sodium, Na) Properties from Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Enaroseha Omamoke O. E. , Apanapudor Joshua S. , Oyibo Obed , Oho Michael O. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We applied the first-principles calculations and examined the phonon dispersion, electronics band structure and mechanical properties of sodium. The usefulness of this method has been applied in determining the attribute of several metallic elements. Our results show that, the potential origin of the phonon oscillations arises from the existence of Fermi surface which emanates from the long range charge density. For Density of state, we observed sharp rise which is attributed to the conductivity of the Sodium electrons which combine both the s and p type electrons from Helium, hence the energy bands are fairly densely clustered and to some degree parallel. The calculated result of the heat capacity show a successive increase with raising temperatures starting from 0K and suddenly dropped to zero after attaining its peak at 300K. In general, the obtained results agrees with other theoretical and experimental data discussed in the literature.
Methane (CH4) Detection System Using The TGS2611 Sensor and MQ-4 Sensor
Authors: Ainur Rahma Mellynia , Suweni Muntini Melania , Sugriwan Iwan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research focused on cow dung digesters as measurement samples, utilizing the TGS2611 and MQ-4 sensors, both known for their affordability. The objective was to develop a low-cost gas sensor system for monitoring methane gas concentrations through a straightforward web-based data acquisition platform. The DHT11 sensor was employed to measure air temperature and humidity. The electronic sensor circuit in this research utilized a voltage divider circuit. Testing the performance of the low-cost gas sensor involved integrating it with an anaerobic digestion system. For both the TGS2611 and MQ-4 sensors, the graph illustrating the relationship between sensor voltage (volts) and methane gas concentration (ppm) formed a logarithmic or non-linear pattern. The measurement range for the system was around 4700 ppm to 6300 ppm for TGS2611 and 4000 ppm to 5100 ppm for MQ-4. The sensor sensitivity was determined as 0.5433 Volts/ppm for TGS2611 and 0.5639 Volt/ppm for MQ-4. The TGS2611 sensor exhibited a higher response to changes in methane gas concentration, while the MQ-4 sensor successfully detected methane gas within its designated range. Interestingly, the TGS2611 sensor accurately detected methane gas concentrations above its specified range. The gas sampling procedure involved automatic gas sampling in a vacuum chamber for measurement, a strategy potentially enhancing sensor robustness. This research successfully amalgamated sensor advantages, circuit control, and data analysis to realize an economical yet reliable monitoring system.
Website-Based Monitoring System for Methane (CH4) Concentration, Humidity, and Temperature
Authors: Isnaini Nur , Suweni Muntini Melania , Sugriwan Iwan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The research developed a monitoring system that focuses on the development of a system and the acquisition of its readings into a simple website. This research was conducted in an effort to obtain data that can be used for managing methane gas pollution in the environment. Methane gas (CH
4) is a natural gas consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. Methane gas is one of the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming, while humidity and temperature can increase or decrease methane gas productivity. Therefore, in this research, a monitoring system was created for methane gas concentration using TGS2611 sensor, humidity and temperature using DHT11 sensor through the creation of a chamber connected to test materials such as cow dung digesters and tofu wastewater as a source of methane gas production. The results obtained indicate that, in the development of the monitoring system as a measuring tool, it successfully detects the concentration of methane gas, humidity and temperature for each test material using calibration through characteristic equation V = 0,5591 ln(n) − 2,2657. For data acquisition in the form of methane gas concentration parameter readings by the TGS2611 sensor, humidity and temperature by the DHT11 sensor to the ESP8266 microcontroller to be displayed on the serial monitor, LCD, and the website that has been created in real-time. To display the data acquisition of the monitoring system, each component of the system is connected. Starting from software, hardware, and test materials. Data acquisition begins with sensor readings by ESP8266 through a program from Arduino IDE displayed on the serial monitor and LCD. Once connected to wifi or a hotspot and the data is successfully sent, the data will be checked by notepad++ and entered into the phpMyAdmin website database for storage. From this database. The data will then be displayed on the website that has been created in real-time. Additionally, humidity and temperature affect the increase and decrease in methane gas concentration productivity.