bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle intervention for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a 24-h integrated behavior perspective
Authors: Keating Shelley E. , Chawla Yogesh , De Arka , George Elena S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The prevalence, health and socioeconomic burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is growing, increasing the need for novel evidence-based lifestyle approaches. Lifestyle is the cornerstone for MAFLD management and co-existing cardiometabolic dysfunction. The aim of this review was to evaluate the evidence for lifestyle management of MAFLD, with a specific lens on 24-hour integrated behaviour and provide practical recommendations for implementation of the evidence.

Results
Weight loss ≥ 7–10% is central to lifestyle management; however, liver and cardiometabolic benefits are attainable with improved diet quality and exercise even without weight loss. Lifestyle intervention for MAFLD should consider an integrated ‘24-h’ approach that is cognisant of diet, physical activity/exercise, sedentary behavior, smoking, alcohol intake and sleep. Dietary management emphasises energy deficit and improved diet quality, especially the Mediterranean diet, although sociocultural adaptations to meet preferences should be considered. Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior can prevent MAFLD, with strongest evidence in MAFLD supporting regular structured moderate–vigorous aerobic exercise for 150–240 min/week. Resistance training in addition to aerobic exercise should be considered and prioritised for those who are losing body mass via diet and/or pharmacological approaches and those with sarcopenia, to minimise bone and lean mass loss. Limited evidence suggests that sleep is important for MAFLD prevention. Emerging novel approaches to diet and exercise may address some of the key barriers to behaviour change (e.g. lack of time, access to resources and social support).

Future Directions
Large-scale multidisciplinary trials in people with MAFLD with long-term follow-up, that can be scaled up into mainstream healthcare, are required. Future management guidelines should consider the heterogeneity of MAFLD and specialised models of care that coordinate the health workforce to manage the increased and growing MAFLD population.
Backbone and methyl side-chain resonance assignments of the single chain Fab fragment of trastuzumab
Authors: Gagné Donald , Aramini James M. , Aubin Yves 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTrastuzumab is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody developed to target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) present at higher levels in early cancers. Here we report the near complete resonance assignment of trastuzumab-scFab fragment backbone and the methyl groups of isoleucine, leucine and valine residues, as well as their stereo-assignments. The antibody fragment was produced using a single chain approach in Escherichia coli.
The need to set explicit goals for human germline gene editing public dialogues
Authors: Geuverink Wendy P. , Houtman Diewertje , Retel Helmrich Isabel R. A. , van Baalen Sophie , van Beers Britta C. , van El Carla G. , Henneman Lidewij , Kasprzak Michelle D. , Arets Danielle , Riedijk Sam R. ,   the ‘De DNA dialogen’ consortium
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiven the potentially large ethical and societal implications of human germline gene editing (HGGE) the urgent need for public and stakeholder engagement (PSE) has been repeatedly expressed. However, the explicit goals of such PSE efforts often remain poorly defined. In this program report, we outline the goals of our Dutch project called De DNA dialogen (The DNA dialogues). We believe that setting explicit goals in advance is essential to enable meaningful PSE efforts. Moreover, it enables the evaluation of our engagement efforts. The following four goals, which result from intensive consultations among the transdisciplinary projects’ consortium members and based on the literature, form the foundation for how we will engage the public and stakeholders in deliberation about HGGE: 1) Enable publics and stakeholders to deliberate on “what if” questions, before considering “whether” and “how” questions regarding HGGE, 2) Investigate agreement and disagreement in values and beliefs regarding HGGE in order to agree and disagree more precisely, 3) Involve diverse publics with various perspectives, with a focus on those that are typically underrepresented in PSE, 4) Enable societally aligned policy making by providing policymakers, health care professionals and legal experts insight into how values are weighed and ascribed meaning in the context of HGGE by various publics, and how these values relate to the principles of democratic rule of law and fundamental rights. The effort to describe our goals in detail may serve as an example and can inform future initiatives striving for open science and open governance in the context of PSE.
#let’s-discuss: Analyzing Students’ Use of Emoji when Interacting with Course Readings
Authors: Blobstein Ariel , Facciotti Marc T. , Igo Michele , Karger David , Ravi Prerna , Sripathi Kamali , Gal Kobi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmoji are commonly used in social media to convey affects, emotions, and attitudes. While popular in social media, their use in educational contexts has been sparsely studied even though emoji can be a natural way for students to express what they are feeling about the learning material. This paper studies how students use instructor-selected emoji when relating to and engaging with educational content. We use an online platform for collaborative annotations where discussions are embedded into the readings for the course. We also make it possible for students to use 11 unique emoji-hashtag pairings to express their thoughts and feelings about the readings and the ongoing discussion. We provide an empirical analysis of the usage of these emoji-hashtag pairs by over 1,800 students enrolled in different offerings of an introductory biology course from multiple academic terms. We also introduce a heat map, which allows the instructional team to visualize the distribution and types of emoji used by students in different parts of the reading material. To evaluate the heat map, we conducted a user study with five instructors/TAs. We found that instructors/TAs use the heat map as a tool for identifying textbook sections that students find difficult and/or interesting and plan to use it to help them design the online content for future classes. Finally, we introduce a computational analysis for predicting emoji/hashtag pairs based on the content of a given student post. We use pre-trained deep learning language models (BERT) to predict the emoji attached to a student’s post and then study the extent to which this model generated in an introductory biology course can be generalized to predict student emoji usage in other courses.
Neural Diversity and Decisions
Authors: Thoelen Garrett , Zak Paul J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Differences in choices provide a window into the variety of human preferences and behaviors. Most non-trivial decisions recruit multiple regions of the brain with activity that shows substantial variation across individuals and also depends on personality traits and attitudes.

Methods
The present study measured nine physiologic factors and collected 15 types of psychological data while participants made decisions in standard tasks measuring risk aversion, patience, altruism, cooperation, generosity, trust, and trustworthiness. Robust predictors were defined as those that were statistically significant in both forward and backward stepwise regressions using all the collected independent variables.

Results
The analysis showed that multiple measures of physiologic stress decrease cooperative behaviors while testosterone consistently increased antisocial behaviors. In addition, cognitive abilities robustly increased patience but decreased cooperation, while those more satisfied with their lives were more trustworthy. Participants scoring high on the personality trait of imagination were shown to be less altruistic and generous, while neuroticism increased prosociality.

Conclusion
This study identified key drivers of behaviors that should be measured in decision-making experiments in order to capture the multiple factors that affect choices. We conclude with suggestions on how to establish causal relationships between the identified factors and decisions.
Clairaut Conformal Submersions
Authors: Meena Kiran , Zawadzki Tomasz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to introduce Clairaut conformal submersions between Riemannian manifolds. First, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for conformal submersions to be Clairaut conformal submersions. In particular, we obtain Clairaut relation for geodesics on the total manifolds of conformal submersions, and prove that Clairaut conformal submersions have constant dilation along their fibers, which are totally umbilical, with mean curvature being gradient of a function. Further, we calculate the scalar and Ricci curvatures of the vertical distributions of the total manifolds. Moreover, we find a necessary and sufficient condition for Clairaut conformal submersions to be harmonic. For a Clairaut conformal submersion we find conformal changes of the metric on its domain or image, that give a Clairaut Riemannian submersion, a Clairaut conformal submersion with totally geodesic fibers, or a harmonic Clairaut submersion. Finally, we give two non-trivial examples of Clairaut conformal submersions to illustrate the theory and present a local model of every Clairaut conformal submersion with integrable horizontal distribution.
Leadership as service: developing a character education program for university students in Spain
Authors: Cohen de Lara Emma , Lleó Álvaro , Domingo Vianney , Torralba José M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the development and implementation of a character education program at the University of Navarra. The Leadership as Service Program has been developed in collaboration with the Oxford Character Project, and has adapted its Global Leadership Initiative to the Spanish context. The purpose of the Leadership as Service Program is to help students develop a sense of personal purpose, and virtues that are specific to leadership, such as prudence, humility, gratitude, resilience, and service. The methodology of the program follows the seven strategies of character education and includes a mentoring program. In order to adapt the Global Leadership Initiative to the Spanish context, the Leadership as Service Program was integrated as much as possible into the fabric of the University of Navarra by means of (1) facilitating a new initiative to develop workshops on purpose; (2) incorporating an existing mentoring program; (3) positioning local actors as experts, and (4) dialogue with stakeholders within the university. First results indicate that the Leadership as Service Program makes a valuable contribution to the ethical and professional development of students, which corroborates with the findings of the Oxford Global Leadership Initiative.
Collateral Child and Parent Effects of Behavioral Sleep Interventions for Children with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Authors: Woodford Emma C. , McLay Laurie K. , France Karyn G. , Blampied Neville M. , Swan Catherine E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study, following Woodford et al. (2024), investigated the collateral child and parent effects of function-based behavioral sleep interventions for 21 children with rare genetic neurodevelopmental conditions (RGNC).

Methods
Measures completed by parents at pre- and post-intervention assessed change in children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms, health-related quality of life, behavioral strengths and difficulties, as well as parental sleep, relationship quality, and mental health symptoms. Data were analysed using modified Brinley plots and effect size estimates.

Results
Results demonstrate modest collateral benefits across child emotional and behavioral difficulties and health-related quality of life, and maternal anxiety and stress symptoms and sleep quality. There was minimal improvement in parent ratings of child externalizing symptoms and physical health-related quality of life, parent relationship satisfaction and all paternal outcome measures. There was no statistically significant relationship between changes in collateral outcomes and sleep problem severity.

Conclusions
Findings underscore the diverse potential benefits of improved sleep and highlight the need for further prioritisation of sleep services and research in RGNC.
Tribological behavior of alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2) plungers used in high pressure pumps
Authors: Sequeira Anil Antony , Mohan Mahesh , Sachidananda H. K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCeramic materials are commonly used in plungers due to high resistance to wear, abrasion, and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Also, they are commonly used in dry conditions without permanent damage, ceasing of pump head and better corrosion resistance than metals due to their inert characteristics. Zirconia (ZrO2) ceramic is used due to its high strength whereas, alumina (Al2O3) is commonly used in industries for high pressure pumps. The toughness of zirconia ceramics is higher than alumina ceramics as it overcomes the inherent brittleness of ceramic materials. It also has higher wear resistance and extends the life of the product. Whereas alumina has better mechanical characteristics such as hardness compared to Zirconia. In this research work tribological behavior of Alumina and Zirconia ceramics used in high pressure pumps have been studied. The wear test using end face wear testing apparatus has been conducted under flat contact for both alumina and ceramic material considering a mean contact pressure of 10 N, 20 N, 30 N and 40 N and sliding velocity of 40 mm/s. The wear test was conducted for 30 min considering a total sliding distance of 1500 m and 3000 m. The wear test results indicate that both alumina and ceramic exhibit lower wear factors and superior mechanical properties. The findings also reveal that the wear rates of Al2O3 and ZrO2 are influenced by friction forces, subsequently impacting the overall wear rate. Also, as the load increases the surface contact area also increases which in turn increases the wear rate. However, zirconia could be a potential substitute for alumina due to its high strength and fracture toughness.
Signal characteristics of surface seismic explosive sources near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet divide
Authors: Karplus Marianne S. , Nakata Nori , Kaip Galen M. , Harder Steven H. , Gonzalez Lucia F. , Booth Adam D. , Smith Emma C. , Veitch Stephen A. , Walter Jacob I. , Christoffersen Poul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Seismic imaging in 3-D holds great potential for improving our understanding of ice sheet structure and dynamics. Conducting 3-D imaging in remote areas is simplified by using lightweight and logistically straightforward sources. We report results from controlled seismic source tests carried out near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide investigating the characteristics of two types of surface seismic sources, Poulter shots and detonating cord, for use in both 2-D and 3-D seismic surveys on glaciers. Both source types produced strong basal P-wave and S-wave reflections and multiples recorded in three components. The Poulter shots had a higher amplitude for low frequencies (<10 Hz) and comparable amplitude at high frequencies (>50 Hz) relative to the detonating cord. Amplitudes, frequencies, speed of source set-up, and cost all suggested Poulter shots to be the preferred surface source compared to detonating cord for future 2-D and 3-D seismic surveys on glaciers.
Pre-operative intratympanic gentamicin in patients undergoing retrosigmoid resection of large vestibular schwannomas: a pilot study
Authors: Potdar Tejal , Slim M. Afiq M. , Kontorinis Georgios 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the effects of intratympanic gentamicin on the recovery of patients with large vestibular schwannomas undergoing retrosigmoid resection.

Methods
We conducted a prospective case-control pilot study over 24 months, including 13 patients with large vestibular schwannomas (25–41 mm intracranial diameter); seven patients received intratympanic gentamicin pre-operatively, while six did not. Outcome measures were duration of stay (main), age, gender, vestibular schwannoma size, body mass index and financial costs.

Results
Age had the highest association with longer inpatient stay. The non-gentamicin patients had longer hospital stays, were older, had lower body mass indices and larger vestibular schwannomas. A trend towards shorter stay was seen in patients receiving gentamicin with tumours less than 35 mm in size, but not in patients with larger tumours. Costs were lower for the gentamicin group.

Conclusion
Although not statistically significant, there was a positive trend in patients with vestibular schwannomas greater than 35 mm in size; thus, intratympanic gentamicin as prehabilitation could be considered.
Westward Excursion of Pc1/EMIC Waves and Their Source Protons: Paradoxical Observations From Ground and Space
Authors: Yin Ze‐Fan , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Hu Ze‐Jun , Yue Chao , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Liu Jian‐Jun , Shiokawa Kazuo , Oyama Shin‐ichiro , Baishev Dmitry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPc1 geomagnetic pulsations within the frequency range of 0.2–5 Hz, the ground signatures of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, are usually observed to progress westward. A plausible explanation is that their westward‐excursion speed is defined by the drift velocity of the source particles in the geomagnetic dipole field. In this study, this relationship is examined through conjugate observations from ground‐based and spaceborne instruments. The ground‐based observations, including Pc1 pulsations and auroral emissions, consistently demonstrate a westward‐excursion speed of ∼4–5 MLT per hour, which agrees with the time delay between EMIC wave observations at two equatorial spacecraft. Observations of the wave source particles, however, indicate an inconsistency between the slow westward excursion speed and the high energy of the wave source protons. This apparent inconsistency is reconciled by the trapping motion of energetic particles within magnetic dips, which is supported by the simultaneous flux enhancements of protons across a broad energy range between ∼50 and ∼100 keV. These results improve our understanding of the westward excursion of Pc1 pulsations, and also underscore the need for caution when directly linking their westward‐excursion speed to the energies of the source particles.
Optical probing of ultrafast laser-induced solid-to-overdense-plasma transitions
Authors: Azamoum Yasmina , Becker Georg Alexander , Keppler Sebastian , Duchateau Guillaume , Skupin Stefan , Grech Mickael , Catoire Fabrice , Hell Sebastian , Tamer Issa , Hornung Marco , Hellwing Marco , Kessler Alexander , Schorcht Franck , Kaluza Malte Christoph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the solid target dynamics resulting from the interaction with an ultrashort laser pulse is a challenging fundamental multi-physics problem involving atomic and solid-state physics, plasma physics, and laser physics. Knowledge of the initial interplay of the underlying processes is essential to many applications ranging from low-power laser regimes like laser-induced ablation to high-power laser regimes like laser-driven ion acceleration. Accessing the properties of the so-called pre-plasma formed as the laser pulse’s rising edge ionizes the target is complicated from the theoretical and experimental point of view, and many aspects of this laser-induced transition from solid to overdense plasma over picosecond timescales are still open questions. On the one hand, laser-driven ion acceleration requires precise control of the pre-plasma because the efficiency of the acceleration process crucially depends on the target properties at the arrival of the relativistic intensity peak of the pulse. On the other hand, efficient laser ablation requires, for example, preventing the so-called “plasma shielding”. By capturing the dynamics of the initial stage of the interaction, we report on a detailed visualization of the pre-plasma formation and evolution. Nanometer-thin diamond-like carbon foils are shown to transition from solid to plasma during the laser rising edge with intensities < 1016 W/cm². Single-shot near-infrared probe transmission measurements evidence sub-picosecond dynamics of an expanding plasma with densities above 1023 cm−3 (about 100 times the critical plasma density). The complementarity of a solid-state interaction model and kinetic plasma description provides deep insight into the interplay of initial ionization, collisions, and expansion.
Macrophage-derived ectosomal miR-350-3p promotes osteoarthritis progression through downregulating chondrocyte H3K36 methyltransferase NSD1
Authors: Lin Rengui , Yin Jianbin , Huang Jialuo , Zou Liping , Liu Liangliang , Tang Wen , Zhang Hongbo , Yang Lingfeng , Zhang Yu , Li Guangming , Wang Guiqing , Cai Daozhang , Zhang Haiyan , Liu Yanli , Shao Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMechanical overloading can promote cartilage senescence and osteoarthritis (OA) development, but its impact on synovial macrophages and the interaction between macrophages and chondrocytes remain unknown. Here, we found that macrophages exhibited M1 polarization under mechanical overloading and secreted ectosomes that induced cartilage degradation and senescence. By performing miRNA sequencing on ectosomes, we identified highly expressed miR-350-3p as a key factor mediating the homeostatic imbalance of chondrocytes caused by M1-polarized macrophages, this result being confirmed by altering the miR-350-3p level in chondrocytes with mimics and inhibitor. In experimental OA mice, miR-350-3p was increased in synovium and cartilage, while intra-articular injection of antagomir-350-3p inhibited the increase of miR-350-3p and alleviated cartilage degeneration and senescence. Further studies showed that macrophage-derived ectosomal miR-350-3p promoted OA progression by inhibiting nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1(NSD1) in chondrocytes and regulating histone H3 lysine 36(H3K36) methylation. This study demonstrated that the targeting of macrophage-derived ectosomal miRNAs was a potential therapeutic method for mechanical overload-induced OA.
Spontaneous persistent activity and inactivity in vivo reveals differential cortico-entorhinal functional connectivity
Authors: Choudhary Krishna , Berberich Sven , Hahn Thomas T. G. , McFarland James M. , Mehta Mayank R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the functional connectivity between brain regions and its emergent dynamics is a central challenge. Here we present a theory-experiment hybrid approach involving iteration between a minimal computational model and in vivo electrophysiological measurements. Our model not only predicted spontaneous persistent activity (SPA) during Up-Down-State oscillations, but also inactivity (SPI), which has never been reported. These were confirmed in vivo in the membrane potential of neurons, especially from layer 3 of the medial and lateral entorhinal cortices. The data was then used to constrain two free parameters, yielding a unique, experimentally determined model for each neuron. Analytic and computational analysis of the model generated a dozen quantitative predictions about network dynamics, which were all confirmed in vivo to high accuracy. Our technique predicted functional connectivity; e. g. the recurrent excitation is stronger in the medial than lateral entorhinal cortex. This too was confirmed with connectomics data. This technique uncovers how differential cortico-entorhinal dialogue generates SPA and SPI, which could form an energetically efficient working-memory substrate and influence the consolidation of memories during sleep. More broadly, our procedure can reveal the functional connectivity of large networks and a theory of their emergent dynamics.