bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in affective processing of attack images following September 11, 2001
Authors: Tso Ivy F. , Chiu Pearl H. , King‐Casas Brooks R. , Deldin Patricia J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe events of September 11, 2001 created unprecedented uncertainty about safety in the United States and created an aftermath with significant psychological impact across the world. This study examined emotional information encoding in 31 healthy individuals whose stress response symptoms ranged from none to a moderate level shortly after the attacks as assessed by the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised. Participants viewed attack‐related, negative (but attack‐irrelevant), and neutral images while their event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Attack images elicited enhanced P300 relative to negative and neutral images, and emotional images prompted larger slow waves than neutral images did. Total symptoms were correlated with altered N2, P300, and slow wave responses during valence processing. Specifically, hyperarousal and intrusion symptoms were associated with diminished stimulus discrimination between neutral and unpleasant images; avoidance symptoms were associated with hypervigilance, as suggested by reduced P300 difference between attack and other images and reduced appraisal of attack images as indicated by attenuated slow wave. The findings in this minimally symptomatic sample are compatible with the alterations in cognition in the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) literature and are consistent with a dimensional model of PTSD.
A postdeployment expressive writing intervention for military couples: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Baddeley Jenna L. , Pennebaker James W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe current study tested the effectiveness of a brief expressive writing intervention on the marital adjustment of 102 military couples recently reunited following a deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Active duty soldiers and their spouses were randomly assigned to write about either their relationship or a nonemotional topic on 3 occasions on a single day. The resulting design included 4 couple‐level writing topic conditions: soldier‐expressive/spouse‐expressive, soldier‐expressive/spouse‐control, soldier‐control/spouse‐expressive, and soldier‐control/spouse‐control. Participants completed marital adjustment measures before writing, 1 month, and 6 months after writing. When soldiers, but not spouses, did expressive writing, couples increased in marital satisfaction over the next month, particularly if the soldier had had high combat exposure.
Kinetic studies on the metal(II) tartarate–peroxomonosulfate reaction
Authors: Shailaja Sivasubramonian , Ramachandran Murugian Shanmugam 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of oxidation of tartaric acid (TAR) by peroxomonosulfate (PMS) in the presence of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions was studied in the pH range 4.05–5.20 and also in alkaline medium (pH ∼12.7). The rate was calculated by measuring the [PMS] at various time intervals. The metal ions concentration range used in the kinetic studies was 2.50 × 10−5 to 1.00 × 10−4 M [Cu(II)], 2.50 × 10−4 to 2.00 × 10−3M [Ni(II)], 0.05 to 0.10 M [TAR], and µ = 0.15 M. The metal(II) tartarates, not TAR/tartarate, are oxidized by PMS. The oxidation of copper(II) tartarate at the acidic pH shows an appreciable induction period, usually 30–60 min, as in classical autocatalysis reaction. The induction period in nickel(II) tartarate is small. Analysis of the [PMS]–time profile shows that the reactions proceed through autocatalysis. In alkaline medium, the Cu(II) tartarate–PMS reaction involves autocatalysis whereas Ni(II) tartarate obeys simple first‐order kinetics with respect to [PMS]. The calculated rate constants for the initial oxidation (k1) and catalyzed oxidation (k2) at [TAR] = 0.05 M, pH 4.05, and 31°C are Cu(II) (1.00 × 10−4 M): k1 = 4.12 × 10−6 s−1, k2 = 7.76 × 10−1 M−1s−1 and Ni(II) (1.00 × 10−3 M): k1 = 5.80 × 10−5 s−1, k2 = 8.11 × 10−2 M−1 s−1. The results suggest that the initial reaction is the oxidative decarboxylation of the tartarate to an aldehyde. The aldehyde intermediate may react with the alpha hydroxyl group of the tartarate to give a hemi acetal, which may be responsible for the autocatalysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 620–630, 2011
The role of TNF‐α in inflammatory olfactory loss
Authors: Sultan Babar , May Lindsey A. , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:Despite the significant health impact of olfactory loss in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the underlying pathophysiology is incompletely understood. A transgenic mouse model of olfactory inflammation induced by tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) has provided new insights into the cellular and molecular basis of inflammatory olfactory loss. Here, we utilize systemic corticosteroids to suppress downstream cytokine expression, in order to study the direct role of TNF‐α in CRS‐associated olfactory dysfunction.Methods:Transgenic mice were induced to express TNF‐α in the olfactory epithelium for 6 weeks. In a subset of mice, 1 mg/kg prednisolone was administered concurrently to inhibit downstream inflammatory responses. The olfactory epithelium (OE) was analyzed by histology and electro‐olfactogram (EOG) recordings.Results:Treatment with prednisolone successfully prevented inflammatory infiltration over significant regions of the OE. In areas where significant subepithelial inflammation was present, a corresponding loss of olfactory neurons was observed. In contrast, areas without major inflammatory changes had normal olfactory neuron layers, despite chronic local expression of TNF‐α. Prednisolone partially reversed the complete loss of olfaction in the mouse model, preserving odorant responses that were significantly diminished compared to controls, but not absent.Conclusions:The addition of prednisolone to the transgenic model of olfactory inflammation isolates the direct effects of induced TNF‐α expression on the OE. The finding that prednisolone treatment prevents neuronal loss in some regions of the OE suggests that TNF‐α does not directly cause neuronal apoptosis—rather, that subepithelial inflammation or other downstream mediators may be responsible. At the same time, EOG results imply that TNF‐α directly causes physiologic dysfunction of olfactory neurons, independent of the inflammatory state. An understanding of the role of TNF‐α and other inflammatory cytokines may suggest novel therapeutic strategies for CRS‐associated olfactory loss.
Mammalian Cell Viability in Electrospun Composite Nanofiber Structures
Authors: Fatih Canbolat Mehmet , Tang Christina , Bernacki Susan H. , Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Khan Saad 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIncorporation of mammalian cells into nanofibers (cell electrospinning) and multilayered cell‐nanofiber structures (cell layering) via electrospinning are promising techniques for tissue engineering applications. We investigate the viability of 3T3‐L1 mouse fibroblasts after incorporation into poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers and multilayering with poly(caprolactone) nanofibers and analyze the possible factors that affect cell viability. We observe that cells do not survive cell electrospinning but survive cell layering. Assessing the factors involved in cell electrospinning, we find that dehydration and fiber stretching are the main causes of cell death. In cell layering, the choice of solvent is critical, as residual solvent in the electrospun fibers could be detrimental to the cells. magnified image
Computational Approaches for Studying the Granular Dynamics of Continuous Blending Processes, 2 – Population Balance and Data‐Based Methods
Authors: Boukouvala Fani , Dubey Atul , Vanarase Aditya , Ramachandran Rohit , Muzzio Fernando J. , Ierapetritou Marianthi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe application of computationally inexpensive modeling methods for a predictive study of powder mixing is discussed. A multidimensional population balance model is formulated to track the evolution of the distribution of a mixture of particle populations with respect to position and time. Integrating knowledge derived from a discrete element model, this method can be used to predict residence time distribution, mean and relative standard deviation of the API concentration in a continuous mixer. Low‐order statistical models, including response surface methods, kriging, and high‐dimensional model representations are also presented. Their efficiency for design optimization and process design space identification with respect to operating and design variables is illustrated. magnified image
Flexible Polymer/Clay Nanocomposite Films as Oxygen Supply Materials
Authors: Stefanescu Eduard A. , Stefanescu Cristina 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPIB/MMT nanocomposite films containing UHP are fabricated and characterized for potential applications in wounded‐skin oxygen delivery and/or tooth cleaning. The UHP acts as a source of oxygen, whereas MMT creates a pathway for water molecules penetrating the film in order to generate a controlled release of H2O2 molecules. Most UHP particles are uniformly dispersed throughout the entire thickness of the films. DMA measurements indicate that the material retains most of its structural characteristics when exposed to water. SEM measurements show that no interface exists between individually spread multilayers. SAXS measurements indicate that the clay platelets are predominantly exfoliated and randomly oriented within the film. Controlled release of H2O2 is found over a period of ≈90–100 min.magnified image
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of New Semifluorinated Poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide)s
Authors: Ghosh Anindita , Bera Debaditya , Wang De‐Yi , Komber Hartmut , Mohanty Aruna Kumar , Banerjee Susanta , Voit Brigitte 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBis(4‐fluoro‐3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide is synthesized and six new poly(arylene ether)s are prepared by nucleophilic displacement of the fluorine atom on the benzene ring by several diphenols under basic conditions. The products show very high glass transition temperatures of up to 252 °C and very good thermal stabilities of up to 490 °C for 5% weight loss. The polymers display very low heat release rates in the microscale combustion calorimeter test, suggesting good flame retardance. All polymers are soluble in a wide range of organic solvents. Transparent thin films cast from dichloromethane exhibit tensile strengths up to 54 MPa, a modulus of elasticity up to 0.97 GPa and elongation at break up to 47% depending on their exact repeating unit structures.magnified image
Effect of Boehmite Alumina Nanofiller Incorporation on the Morphology and Thermal Properties of Functionalized Poly(propylene)/Polyamide 12 Blends
Authors: Ogunniran Elijah Soba , Sadiku Rotimi , Sinha Ray Suprakas , Luruli Nyambeni 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA composite of boehmite alumina nanoparticles and a PP/PA12 blend is prepared. WAXD and SEM suggest that a low filler loading enhances the coalescence of PA12, whereas a higher loading reverses the situation. DSC, DMA and TGA reveal that the final properties of the blend composites such as crystallization temperatures, flexural storage moduli, or thermal degradation temperatures improve with increasing nanoparticle loading. The data are compared with the neat polymers and the compatibilized blend, and the results show that the compatibility increases only at high nanoparticle loading, and most of the thermal properties improve with increasing nanoparticle content in the blends. The presence of interfacial interactions between the polymer matrices and the filler was confirmed via FTIR.magnified image
Magnetic Organosilica Nanoparticles for Localized Polymer Surface Modification
Authors: Gu Hongyan , Faucher Santiago , Zhu Shiping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMagnetic organosilica nanoparticles are synthesized by grafting MPB‐POSS/MMA‐based block copolymers from magnetic iron nanoparticles via surface‐initiated ATRP. The hybrid nanoparticles consist of a magnetic iron core and a PMMA/POSS composite shell. A small amount of the nanoparticles is added as “smart additive” in casting PMMA sheets for localized surface modification. It is demonstrated that the particles are readily brought to the surface of the cast piece by applying a magnet field to the molding. At 1 wt% loading, the sample has a 50‐time higher particle content in a 100 µm‐thick surface layer than in the bulk. The indentation hardness of the modified surface is increased by 30%.magnified image
Mechanical Investigations on Agar Gels Using Atomic Force Microscopy: Effect of Deuteration
Authors: Grant Colin A. , Twigg Peter C. , Savage Michael D. , Woon W. Hong , Greig Denis 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe isotopic effect of exchanging deuterium with hydrogen on the mechanical and surface properties of agar gel is examined. The elastic modulus of the D2O gels obtained by AFM nanoindentation is significantly higher (factor of ≈1.5–2) than the modulus found in H2O agar gels. Furthermore, the modulus is independent of loading rate. Surface imaging reveals that the surface roughness gets progressively smaller with increasing agar concentration. All these data suggest that the isotopic replacement of deuterium enhances the mechanical properties of the agar gel, with significant advantages in its use as a biphasic scaffold.magnified image
Thermally Tunable Surface Wettability of Electrospun Fiber Mats: Polystyrene/Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Blended versus Crosslinked Poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(methacrylic acid)]
Authors: Muthiah Palanikkumaran , Hoppe Sarah M. , Boyle Timothy J. , Sigmund Wolfgang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis work reports on thermally tunable surface wettability of electrospun fiber mats of: polystyrene (PS)/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) blended (bl‐PS/PNIPA) and crosslinked poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐[methacrylic acid)] (PNIPAMAA) (xl‐NIPAMAA). Both the bl‐PS/PNIPA and xl‐PNIPAMAA fiber mats demonstrate reversibly switchable surface wettability, with the bl‐PS/PNIPA fiber mats approaching superhydrophobic ≥150° and superhydrophilic contact angle (CA) values at extreme temperatures. Weight loss studies carried out at 10 °C indicate that the crosslinked PNIPAMAA fiber mats had better structural integrity than the bl‐PS/PNIPA fiber mats. PNIPA surface chemistry and the Cassie–Baxter model were used to explain the mechanism behind the observed extreme wettability.magnified image
Loss of Trp53 promotes medulloblastoma development but not skin tumorigenesis in Sufu heterozygous mutant mice
Authors: Heby‐Henricson Karin , Bergström Åsa , Rozell Björn , Toftgård Rune , Teglund Stephan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma of the skin typically carries genetic alterations in components of the hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway. Previously, we generated a knockout mouse with a loss‐of‐function mutation in suppressor of fused (Sufu), an essential repressor of the pathway downstream of Hh ligand cell surface reception. Mice heterozygous for the mutated Sufu allele develop a skin phenotype that includes lesions similar to basaloid follicular hamartomas. The purpose of the current study was to test the possibility that the simultaneous loss of the tumor suppressor gene, transformation related protein 53 (Trp53), would aggravate the Sufu skin phenotype since Trp53 loss is known to enhance the growth of other Hh‐driven tumors. Consistent with previous reports, medulloblastomas and rhabdomyosarcomas developed in Sufu+/−;Trp53−/− mice. However, the characteristic Sufu+/− skin phenotype was not altered in the absence of Trp53, and showed no changes in latency, multiplicity, cellular phenotype, or proliferative capacity of the basaloid lesions. This finding was both novel and intriguing and demonstrated a differential, tissue‐specific sensitivity to Sufu and Trp53 tumor suppressor gene loss, which may be linked to developmental stage and the degree of proliferative activity in specific cell types. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive impairment in nondemented Parkinson's disease
Authors: Barone Paolo , Aarsland Dag , Burn David , Emre Murat , Kulisevsky Jaime , Weintraub Daniel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA substantial percentage of patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease without dementia are reported to be affected by cognitive impairment (CI). In practice, however, CI is underrecognized, as the signs may not be apparent in early‐stage disease and many routine assessment tools lack the sensitivity to detect subtle cognitive dysfunction. Patients with PD and mild CI (MCI) may have a higher risk of developing dementia than cognitively intact PD patients; however, it is not currently known which patients with CI are at increased risk of developing dementia. This review summarizes current knowledge about CI in nondemented PD; it discusses the structural and functional changes associated with CI and addresses areas of unmet needs. We focus on questions that should be addressed in future studies to achieve consensus on its characteristics and definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and assessment, and treatment and management. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type B for treatment of sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease: A prospective double‐blind trial
Authors: Chinnapongse Robert , Gullo Kristen , Nemeth Paul , Zhang Yuxin , Griggs Lynn 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSialorrhea (drooling) is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that can significantly impair a patient's health and quality of life. Fifty‐four PD subjects with troublesome sialorrhea were enrolled using a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, sequential‐dose escalation design in which subjects received a single intraglandular treatment with botulinum toxin type B (doses of 1,500 Units [0.3 mL]; 2,500 Units [0.5 ml]; or 3,500 Units [0.7 ml]) or placebo. Postinjection, subjects were followed acutely for 4 weeks and long‐term for up to 20 weeks. Safety/tolerability, as assessed by adverse events, was the primary outcome measure. Efficacy, as assessed by the Drooling Frequency and Severity Scale and unstimulated salivary flow rate, was secondary. Gastrointestinal‐related adverse events occurred more frequently in the active groups versus placebo group (31% vs 7%), with dry mouth being most common (15%). There were no serious adverse events attributed to botulinum toxin type B or discontinuations due to adverse events from treatment. At 4 weeks postinjection, Drooling Frequency and Severity Scale scores significantly improved versus placebo (−1.3 ± 1.3) in a dose‐related manner (−2.1 ± 1.2, P = 0.0191; −3.3 ± 1.4, P < 0.0001; −3.5 ± 1.1, P < 0.0001, respectively) and unstimulated salivary flow rates significantly decreased in all active groups versus placebo (P ≤ 0.0009). Furthermore, treated subjects appeared to have more sustained improvement in sialorrhea than placebo subjects. We conclude that intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin type B was safe, tolerable, and efficacious in treating sialorrhea in PD patients. Additional studies are warranted to further confirm the drug's robust efficacy, as well as evaluate its effect with repeated dosing. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Transmembrane dynamics of water exchange in human brain
Authors: He Xiang , Raichle Marcus E. , Yablonskiy Dmitriy A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTracking arterial spin labeled (ASL) water in the human brain with magnetic resonance imaging can provide important information on the dynamics of the trans‐capillary and trans‐membrane water exchange. This information however, is not only important from a basic biological standpoint, but also is essential for deciphering positron emission tomography and MRI perfusion experiments based on the movement of labeled water. While substantial information exists on water exchange through cellular membranes in vitro, the in vivo information remains limited and controversial. In this MRI study, we use a combination of pulsed ASL and recently developed quantitative blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent technique to address this question. Our approach is based on the measurements of the intrinsic MR transverse relaxation (T) properties of the ASL‐labeled water. We discovered that T of the ASL‐labeled water in the extravascular space is 87 ms ± 10 ms while T of the corresponding tissue water is much shorter, 50 ms ± 4 ms. This suggests that the ASL‐labeled water does not reach equilibrium with the extravascular tissue and is mostly localized to the extraneuronal space. We estimated that the water transport time through the neuronal membranes is on the order of several tens of seconds; a finding consistent with older PET tracer kinetic studies using 15O‐water. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DCE and DW MRI in monitoring response to androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer: A feasibility study
Authors: Barrett T. , Gill A. B. , Kataoka M. Y. , Priest A. N. , Joubert I. , McLean M. A. , Graves M. J. , Stearn S. , Lomas D. J. , Griffiths J. R. , Neal D. , Gnanapragasam V. J. , Sala E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a key primary treatment for advanced and metastatic prostate cancer and is an important neoadjuvant before radiotherapy. We evaluated 3.0 T dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI and diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI in monitoring ADT response. Twenty‐three consecutive patients with prostate cancer treated by primary ADT were included. Imaging was performed at baseline and 3 months posttreatment with ADT. After 3 months therapy there was a significant reduction in all dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI parameters measured in tumor regions of interest (Ktrans, kep, vp, IAUGC‐90); P < 0.001. Areas of normal‐appearing peripheral zone showed no significant change; P = 0.285–0.879. Post‐ADT, there was no significant change in apparent diffusion coefficient values in tumors, whilst apparent diffusion coefficient values significantly decreased in areas of normal‐appearing peripheral zone, from 1.786 × 10−3 mm2/s to 1.561 × 10−3 mm2/s; P = 0.007. As expected the median Prostate‐Specific Antigen (PSA) significantly reduced from 30 ng/mL to 1.5 ng/mL posttreatment, and median prostate volume dropped from 47.6 cm3 to 24.9 cm3; P < 0.001. These results suggest that dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI and diffusion‐weighted MRI offer different information but that both could prove useful adjuncts to the anatomical information provided by T2‐weighted imaging. dynamic contrast‐enhanced as a marker of angiogenesis may help demonstrate ADT resistance and diffusion‐weighted imaging may be more accurate in determining presence of tumor cell death versus residual tumor. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.