bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic ordering and electronic properties of Pd‐doped ZnO
Authors: González‐Hernández Rafael , López‐Pérez William , Jairo Arbey Rodríguez M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe carried out first‐principles spin‐polarized calculations in order to provide comprehensive information regarding the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the PdxZn1–xO (with x = 0.0625) semiconductor. The highly accurate all‐electron full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave method was used to calculate total energy and electronic structure of the Pd‐doped ZnO semiconductor. The recently developed Wu–Cohen generalized gradient approximation to the exchange correlation functional was adopted. The results indicate that the ferromagnetic ground state originates from the strong hybridization between Pd‐4d and O‐2p states, which is in agreement with previous studies on 4d doping in wide gap semiconductors. This article shows that 4d transition metals such as palladium may also be considered as candidates to explore new half‐metallic ferromagnetism in semiconductors. This study gives new clues to the fabrication of diluted magnetic semiconductors.
Electron optical characteristics of a concave electrostatic electron mirror for a scanning electron microscope
Authors: Hamarat R. T. , Witzani J. , Hörl E. M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNumerical computer calculations are used to explore the design characteristics of a concave electrostatic electron mirror for a mirror‐attachment for a conventional scanning electron microscope or an instrument designed totally as a scanning electron mirror microscope. The electron paths of a number of set‐ups are calculated and drawn graphically in order to find the optimum shape and dimensions of the mirror geometry. This optimum configuration turns out to be the transition configuration between two cases of electron path deflection, towards the optical axis of the system and away from it.
The process of change in a science teacher's professional development: A case study based on the types of problems in the classroom
Authors: Vázquez‐Bernal Bartolomé , Mellado Vicente , Jiménez‐Pérez Roque , Leñero M. Carmen Taboada 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe processes of change in teachers' practice have been the subject of many studies in educational research. We here describe a case study of long duration (in a course of time of 9 years) that has allowed us to gain some insight into how they occur and the underlying obstacles making the processes so slow. We take the professional development of a science teacher as involving the integration of reflection and classroom practice. In this theoretical framework, the so‐called complexity hypothesis is of particular significance. The teacher was immersed in diverse learning environments, including an action research program. The results showed her reflections and classroom practice to be in constant evolution, as also were the obstacles to her professional development and an obdurate core of practical theories that she brought with her about the exclusive use of closed problems strictly within the discipline being taught. By the end of the study, her use of activities focused on socioscientific issues was in its beginnings. Continued learning in practice with the community of her fellow teachers with the emotional support they provided and a solid knowledge of the content were revealed as essential for her professional development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:337–363, 2012
A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches
Authors: Dinh Hoang T. , Lee Chonho , Niyato Dusit , Wang Ping 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTTogether with an explosive growth of the mobile applications and emerging of cloud computing concept, mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been introduced to be a potential technology for mobile services. MCC integrates the cloud computing into the mobile environment and overcomes obstacles related to the performance (e.g., battery life, storage, and bandwidth), environment (e.g., heterogeneity, scalability, and availability), and security (e.g., reliability and privacy) discussed in mobile computing. This paper gives a survey of MCC, which helps general readers have an overview of the MCC including the definition, architecture, and applications. The issues, existing solutions, and approaches are presented. In addition, the future research directions of MCC are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Costs of psychiatric residential care in Italy
Authors: Grigoletti Laura , Amaddeo Francesco , de Girolamo Giovanni , Picardi Angelo ,   Gruppo Nazionale Progres
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjective– The aims of this study are: (1) to estimate patients' costs in Italian non hospital Residential Facilities (RF); (2) to analyse the relationship between the costs of care received by residents and patients' or facilities characteristics.Method– The PROGRES study included all Italian private and public RF (1370) with more than 4 beds. Of those, 265 were selected through stratified random sampling to be included in phase 2. Data were obtained through a schedule filled in by the facility manager. Additional information about costs related to the use of Community Psychiatric Service (CPS) by residents has also been collected. The cost components of residential accommodation include the costs of the RF, of the CPS, of general medical care, of the informal assistance provided by family or friends, and other non-medical costs.Results– The mean annual cost of stay in RFs was approximately 34,000 Euro, and it was related to the RF size and to staffing levels. Both RF and CPS are more expensive in the north of Italy, as compared to the center and the south. Costs were lower for older patients. CPS costs are lower when RF staffing levels are higher.Conclusions– In general, patients in RFs cost between 20,000 and 40,000 Euro per year; to this sum, additional 2,000-6,000 Euros per year should be added to include the costs of care provided outside the facility. Both RFs and CPS have different costs depending on the geographical area where the facilities are located, and staffing levels. Changes in CPS costs seem to be related to patients' characteristics.Declaration of Interest: none
User/consumer involvement in mental health service delivery
Authors: Chamberlin Judi 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe involvement of mental health service users in service delivery is a new and growing phenomenon. Such involvement is complex, given the history of paternalism in the mental health system, the power differential between service providers and service users, and the very differing views each group holds on multiple issues. Unless such differences are addressed, there can be no meaningful involvement. Service user involvement needs to apply to all aspects of the service delivery system, including professional training, service design, delivery, evaluation, and research. User/survivors, and their organizations, have developed a body of experience and knowledge that needs to be recognized and respected. Unless there are multiple opportunities for ongoing and open dialogue on these many difficult issues, real user involvement will not occur.Declaration of Interest: the author has received no financial support that presents a conflict of interest.
Psychiatric rehabilitation. An open-network orientation
Authors: Burti Lorenzo , Guerriero Ernesto 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjective – To discuss the difficulties encountered in providing rehabilitation to multi-problematic clients, and possible remedies. Method – The principles of psychiatric rehabilitation are outlined in the frame of the bio-psycho-social model and in the light of long-term follow-up studies. The limits of professional services and the importance of natural networks for successful rehabilitation and social adjustment are highlighted. Results – Worker cooperatives and consumer self-help associations seem to successfully complement health and social services in meeting the complex needs of this population. Conclusions – The integration of formal and informal networks of care is a major challenge and a relatively neglected, but important area of interest in contemporary psychiatric rehabilitation.Declaration of Interest: no conflict of interests.
Systematic review of clinical interventions for reducing treatment non-adherence in psychosis
Authors: Nosè Michela , Barbui Corrado 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAims- Studies investigating the efficacy of clinical interventions for reducing treatmeni non-adherence have generated contrasting findings, and treatment non-adherence remains very common in clinical practice. This systematic review was carried out to investigate the efficacy of clinical interventions that community psychiatric services can implement to reduce nonadherence in patients with psychosis.Method- Systematic review of randomised clinical trials, controlled clinical trials and observational studies assessing the efficacy of adherence enhancing interventions.Results- Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Data suitable for re-analysis were reported in 24studies; from the remaining 23 studies, with no data suitable for re-analysis, outcome data were extracted according to what study authors reported. In the group of studies included in the meta-analysis educational andpsychotherapeutic interventions were more effective than usual care in reducing patient non-adherence. The remaining 23 studies reported contrasting findings regarding the efficacy of educational strategies. Case management models improved the adherence in half of studies, while other interventions were effective in the majority of studies reported.Conclusions- Community psychiatric services can arrange effective clinical interventions, backed by scientific evidence, for reducing patient non-adherence.
Psychotropic drug use in a sample of general population in the Sardinia region
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Hardoy Maria Carolina , Cadeddu Mariangela , Mura Gioia , Floris Anna Laura , Carpiniello Bernardo 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAims - To present the results of an epidemiologic research about psychotropic drug use inSardinia. Methods - Cross-sectional study on a sample of 1040 subjects randomly selected from registers. Setting - Community survey on three areas of Sardinia region. Evaluation: interviews carried out byphysicians by means of Italian version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Simplified.Drug consumption was evaluated concerning last week before the interview. Main Outcome Measures: point prevalence. Results - The rate of adults of the general population that consumed benzodiazepines was 10.1%, antidepressants 4.2%, 14.7% of the sample was using psychotropic drugs. 60% of subjects with diagnosis of ICD-10 Depressive Episod did not have the right pharmacologic treatment. A relevant proportion of subjects without lifetime psychiatric diagnosis (anxiety and/or depression) used antidepressants (0.8%). The pharmacologic therapies were managed by psychiatrics in 44.2% of cases, antidepressants were managed by general practitioners in 31.8% of subjects. Conclusions - The research underlines an increase of meet needs in subjects affected by depressive episodes against a previous Sardinian survey carried out over ten years ago. This change is parallel to a more frequent management of therapies by general practitioners. Their role seems to become more relevant in treating depressive illness.Declaration of InterestMauro Giovanni Carta has received grants and research support from Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, Council of the European Union, European Union DGXII, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Lundbeck, Pharmacia, Recordati. Maria Carolina Hardoy has received grants and research support from University of Pisa, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Farmades. Bernardo Carpiniello has received grants and research support from GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Recordati, Janssen Cilag, EliLilly, Astra Zeneca.
Health status, resource consumption, and costs of dysthymic patients in Italian primary care
Authors: Barbui Corrado , Garattini Livio , Krulichova Iva , Apolone Giovanni 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAims – To describe the health status, resource consumption and costs of patients with dysthymic disorder in the Italian primary care setting. Methods – A total of 79 general practitioners (GPs) participated the study. Diagnosis was based on each GP's clinical assessment. At entry the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used as a supporting diag- nostic aid. Health status was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. Resource consumption and costs regarded the six months before enrolment. Results – Out of 598 patients enrolled by GPs according to their clinical assessment, 503 fulfilled the MINI cri- teria and 95 did not. The latter had a better perception of their health than the former. Resource consumption was similar in the two groups; and the total per patient six-month costs did not differ significantly. Conclusions – The study confirms there may be a gap between standardised criteria for defining dysthymia and everyday clinical practice. All dysthymic patients diagnosed by GPs might be considered together from a health policy perspective.Declaration of Interest: this research was partly supported by a contribution from Sanofi-Synthelabo Italy.
Some thoughts on the care needs of demented patients. Part II
Authors: Spagnoli Alberto , Cocco Ennio 
Published: October 2011

RiassuntoScopo - Data la mancanza di una tradizione e di studi o riflessioni sistematiche sul problema dell'assistenza ai pazienti dementi, ed in considerazione delle numerose esperienze avviate anche in Italia per esplorare modi innovativi di assistenza agli anziani affetti da demenza, abbiamo ritenuto interessante formulare alcune riflessioni sull'argomento. Il vero obiettivo di queste riflessioni è in realtà quello di iniziare, e sollecitare, un discorso sulla valutazione dei servizi psicogeriatrici. Metodo - È stata condotta una ricerca su MEDLINE a partire dal 1980, utilizzando le parole chiave qui riportate. Data la necessità di affrontare (o, se non altro, elencare) un ampio spettro di argomenti, che va dal ruolo giocato dalla distribuzione degli spazi interni nelle istituzioni, agli aspetti relazionali o agli psicofarmaci, abbiamo integrato la ricerca bibliografica attingendo da altre fonti molto diversificate. Risultati e conclusioni - La riflessione sui bisogni assistenziali degli anziani dementi suggerisce prima di tutto la necessità di impiegare il metodo epidemiologico anche per la descrizione e la valutazione dei servizi, e degli «stili assistenziali», dove il termine assistenza e da intendersi nell'accezione più comprensiva di health care. In secondo luogo, emerge l'importanza degli aspetti relazionali, di accoglimento e, per i pazienti istituzionalizzati, della distribuzione degli spazi interni e, ancora, la necessità che argomenti tanto (apparentemente) disparati trovino sintesi ed ospitalità in riviste lette da chi si occupa di assistenza. Infine, è evidente che la preziosa cultura anti-istituzionale prodotta dalla psichiatria sociale richiede, in psicogeriatria, una revisione che individui i punti di adesione e di distanza da strategic fondate sull'affermazione deU'autonomia del paziente (vs la dignità della disabilità), sul suo coinvolgimento in una vita più attiva (vs il «rispetto dell'apatia») e sul suo recupero alia vita sociale (vs nuove forme di equilibrio tra stimolazione e protezione).
Psychiatric services, social co-operatives, voluntary organisations. New relationship for new strategies
Authors: Guerriero Ernesto 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYObjective — Eighteen years after the 1978 reform law no. 180, psychiatric services have to find new roles and goals in the social arena, in order to continue to effectively pursue the improvement of mental health in the commi nity. The aim of the present paper is to show some theoretical and practical elements that could stimulate in the psychii trie services a deep consideration about the relationship between psychiatric services and «private social» bodies, part cularly social co-operatives and voluntary organisations. Method — The elements shown in this study come from an ani lysis: a) of the literature about the crisis factors of the Italian welfare state, particularly in the Public Health Service and i the social assistance; b) of the literature about the development of the «private social» and about the relationship with tl public services; c) of national and regional laws, particularly of Veneto region; d) of the present experiences in Sout Verona Psychiatric Service. Results — The crisis of the traditional welfare state, the emergence in large sectors of gener; population of needs related to social fragmentation and relational impoverishment, the aspiration of a great number (individuals excluded from society to benefit of the right to full citizenship, all this urgently questions the traditional roh and responsibilities, the organisation, operational modalities, and the community orientation of existing health and hi man services. Within this framework, the relationship between psychiatric services (or, broadly speaking, public serviet in general) and «private social» bodies, particularly social co-operatives and voluntary organisations, has become part of a foreseeing, strategic new awareness of mental health workers. Conclusion — A shift from a relationship of mutual exploitation between organisations, to one of co-operation between them, each considering the other as an equal partne may be a critical step forward a new model of welfare. This, in turn, would hopefully meet the needs for health of th population in terms of efficiency, quality, relevance and consideration of the users' resources and social competencies.
The suicidal behaviour in the North province of Varese: an epidemiological analysis
Authors: Bressani Roberto , Cioffi Isidoro , Fraticelli Carlo , Grillo Franco , Pisani Salvatore , Verri Anna Maria , Banfi Fabio , Vender Simone 
Published: October 2011

RIASSUNTOScopo – Conoscere dati quantitativi e caratteristiche del comportamento suicidario nell'area nord della Provincia di Varese, comprendente il capoluogo ed i comuni limitrofi (Valceresio, valli del luinese e nord-Verbano), al fine di individuare interventi preventivi. Disegno – Studio epidemiologico-descrittivo. Sono state utilizzate le schede di morte ISTAT del Registro di Mortalità dell'ex Azienda USSL di Varese negli anni 1995-97. Sono stati inclusi i soggetti che al momento del suicidio risultavano residenti. Successivamente i casi delle schede ISTAT sono stati ricercati negli archivi dei servizi psichiatrici, per valutare eventuali contatti. Per costoro sono state rilevate informazioni, quali tentativi suicidari, patologia psichiatrica, data del primo contatto. Setting – Distretti di Arcisate, Cittiglio, Luino e Varese, corrispondenti al bacino di utenza delle Unità Operative di Psichiatria 1 e 2 dell'Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Macchi di Varese. Principali misure utilizzate – Sono stati calcolati i tassi di suicidio deH'area e tramite standardizzazione diretta sono stati confrontati i tassi dei singoli distretti. Risultati – I suicidi sono stati 78 (24 femmine e 54 maschi), con un tasso dell'8.2 per 100.000. In analogia all'andamento nazionale si osserva una diminuzione generale del fenomeno negli ultimi anni, ma non per i più giovani. Ci sono alcune aree geografiche (distretti di Luino e di Arcisate) da monitorare nel tempo, perche una casistica più ampia potrebbe rivelare un rischio più elevato. La fascia d'età giovane e anziana è più colpita nei maschi, e per i due sessi sono particolarmente a rischio i 55-64enni. I mezzi utilizzati differiscono per fasce d'età. Un'alta percentuale di soggetti sono non coniugati o con scarsa istruzione. Meno di un terzo dei casi era entrato in contatto con i servizi psichiatrici. Conclusioni – I dati consentono un confronto con la casistica nazionale e una riflessione sulle caratteristiche del suicidio nell'area di riferimento, al fine di elaborare strategie preventive orientate da un approccio multidimensionale, la cui efficacia potrà essere validata nel tempo attraverso l'attivazione di un osservatorio provinciale.
Monitoring the impact on the international literature of the scientific production of Italian researchers, in the disciplines ‘psychiatry’ and ‘psychology’: 1985-1989 and 1995-1999
Authors: Tansella Michele , Fava Giovanni A. 
Published: October 2011

RIASSUNTOScopo — Questo lavoro si propone di evidenziare i settori ed i ricercatori italiani, nell'ambito delle discipline ‘psichiatria’ e ‘psicologia’, con il maggiore impatto sulla letteratura internazionale nel quinquennio 1995-1999 e di confrontare i dati con quelli relativi al quinquennio 1985-1989. Metodo — Utilizzando un database predisposto dall'Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), che includeva tutti i lavori, apparsi nei due quinquenni 1995-1999 e 1985-1989 su riviste di psichiatria e psicologia censite da Current Contents che avevano come autore o coautore almeno un ricercatore italiano operante in Italia, à stata effettuata un'analisi delle citazioni relative agli anni successivi ai due quinquenni, fino al 1999. Risultati — Nel 1995-1999 i ricercatori che avevano raccolto il maggior numero di citazioni appartenevano alle aree della psicologia clinica, della psichiatria e della psicofarmacologia. La neuropsicologia, in posizione dominante nel 1985-1989, ha subito un netto calo. Conclusioni — L'analisi delle citazioni relativa a periodi di tempo relativamente brevi (quinquenni) risulta essere un utile strumento per monitorare l'evoluzione della ricerca scientifica in specifiche discipline ed i trend deH'impatto della produzione dei ricercatori.