bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol predict the risk of progressive structural but not functional cardiac damage in youth: a 7-year follow-up study
Authors: Agbaje A O 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Childhood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) has been associated with cardiovascular events in mid-adulthood. Recent evidence suggests that cumulative LDL-c may not contribute to sub-clinical atherosclerosis progression during growth from mid-adolescence through young adulthood. However, whether increasing LDL-c associate with premature cardiac damage in youth remains unclear.

Purpose
To investigate the longitudinal association of changes in LDL-c with the risk of progressive structural and functional cardiac damage in youth.

Methods
From Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK birth cohort, 1595 adolescents aged 17 years who had fasting plasma LDL-c estimated with Friedewald equation at 17- and 24-year clinic visits were included. Repeated echocardiography measured LVM indexed for height2.7 (LVMI2.7), relative wall thickness (RWT), LV diastolic function from mitral E/A ratio (LVDF), and LV filling pressure from E/e´ ratio (LVFP) were available at baseline and follow-up. LVMI2.7 ≥51g/m2.7, RWT ≥0.44, LVDF &lt;1.5, and LVFP ≥8 were categorised as LV hypertrophy, high RWT, LVD dysfunction, and high LVFP, respectively. Multivariable adjusted associations were examined using generalized linear mixed-effect models and generalized logit mixed-effect models and adjusted for sex, and time-varying covariates measured at both baseline and follow-up such as age, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, glucose, fat mass, lean mass, smoking status, family history of hypertension/diabetes/high cholesterol/vascular disease, socioeconomic status, sedentary time, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride.

Results
Among 1595 adolescents (mean [SD] age at baseline, 17.74 [0.38] years; 955 [59.8%] females]) LDL-c increased in males from 1.97 mmol/L to 2.37 mmol/L and in females from 2.23 mmol/L to 2.37 mmol/L, over 7 years. The prevalence of LV hypertrophy increased in males from 3.6% to 11.9% and in females from 1.6% to 4% over 7 years. The prevalence of LVD dysfunction increased in males from 7.8% to 16.6% and in females from 10.3% to 15.4%. In a fully adjusted model, a 1-mmol/L increase in LDL-c was significantly associated with higher odds of LVH progression (odds ratio 1.19; [95% CI, 1.08 – 1.32]) and high RWT (1.14; [1.01 – 1.29]), but not LVD dysfunction (0.96 [0.85 – 1.09]) and high LVFP (1.07; [0.97 – 1.19]) over 7 years. Among females, a 1 mmol/L increase in LDL-c was associated with 0.005cm [0.002 – 0.007], p&lt;0.001) increase in RWT but not in males after full adjustments. In both males and females, increased LDL-c was not significantly associated with changes in LVMI and cardiac function.

Conclusion
Increased LDL-c was associated with progressive structural but not functional cardiac damage during growth from adolescence through young adulthood.
Cardiovascular health profile of cancer survivors: real-world insights from the Polish Norwegian Study (PONS)
Authors: Vaidean G , Manczuk M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The European Society of Cardiology guidelines on cardio-oncology care recommend that oncological patients receive cardiovascular prevention counseling to control cardiovascular risk factors and to promote long-term healthy lifestyle.

Purpose
To assess the attainment of cardiovascular risk factor control among adult cancer survivors in a community setting and to explore potential gender disparities.

Methods
Cross-sectional, baseline data from PONS study, a population-based cohort of adults ages 45 to 64 years. From the total sample of 12,697 participants, we analyzed data from 442 individuals (3.48%) who reported having been diagnosed with any type of cancer. Trained technicians administered structured questionnaires, performed anthropometrics and collected fasting blood samples. We performed univariate analysis to assess the prevalence of ‘Life’s essential 8’ ideal cardiovascular health factors, and multivariable logistic regression to estimate predictors of goal attainment.

Results
There were 343 (77.6%) women and 99 men (22.4%) cancer survivors, with a mean age of 57.7 years (SD 4.7) at a median (IQR) 8 (3-11) years post cancer diagnosis. Participants reported having been diagnosed with coronary heart disease (10.6%), stroke (2.0%), heart failure (9.7%), hypertension (44.1%), diabetes (7.5%), and hyperlipidemia (19.2%). Cardiovascular risk factors control was achieved as follows: not smoking currently, 82%, leisure time physical activity at least 150 min/week, 31.5%, consuming 4 ideal dietary components, 0.45%, at least 2 ideal dietary components, 63.8%, sleep duration 7-9 h, 61.5%, BMI &lt; 25 kg/msq, 26%, blood pressure &lt; 120/80 mmHg, 15.8%, blood pressure &lt; 140/90 75.8%, fasting glucose &lt; 100 mg/dl, 69.9%, LDL-C &lt; 70 mg/dL, 5.66%, LDL-C &lt; 190 mg/dL, 96.3%, visited a doctor within the past year, 88.5%. More men (23.2%) than women (16.6%) reported history of cardiovascular disease, while more women (90.9%) than men (79.8%) visited a doctor during the past year (p&lt; 0.01). No cancer survivor achieved all traditional ‘essential eight’ ideal cardiovascular health factors. More women (27.9%) than men (17.7%) achieved at least three out of the 8 essential factors, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.06-3.3. This association persisted after adjusting for age, prevalent CVD, doctor visits, education, urban/rural residence, and years post cancer diagnosis, OR= 1.92, 95% CI 1.06-3.50.

Conclusion
In this ‘real world’ community-based sample of cancer survivors, major cardiovascular risk factors remain poorly controlled, with women displaying a minor potential advantage. Our findings support the need for a more intensive risk factors management and lifestyle change counseling.
MACCABI-RED, community emergency care at the press of a button: a descriptive study
Authors: Bar-Yishay Mattan , Adler Limor , Bar El Alon , Boker Faran Limor , Mizrahi Reuveni Miri , Sternberg Shelley A , Schejter Eduardo , Radomyslsky Zorian , Segal Yakov , Azuri Joseph , Yehoshua Ilan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Maccabi-RED is a new service developed in Israel that allows primary care staff to direct urgent cases to specialists in the community for evaluation in their local clinics on the same day as an alternative to an emergency department (ED) visit. A primary care physician or a nurse can activate the service, and all nearby specialists receive “a call” and can decide if they are willing to accept it, thus allowing the patient to avoid an unnecessary visit to the ED.

Aim
To quantify and characterize the medical care provided by this service in a large national healthcare system.

Design and Setting
Multicenter, community-based, retrospective cohort study.

Methods
All Maccabi-RED visits recorded between September 2021 and August 2022 were included. Patient characteristics were compared to national demographics. Descriptive statistics were used to present data regarding recorded diagnoses, treating physicians, treatments or referrals provided, and subsequent emergency department admissions or hospitalizations.

Results
31831 visits were recorded. Most frequent diagnoses were musculoskeletal pain (12.1%), otitis or otalgia (7.8%), contusions (7.6%), fractures (7.1%), foreign body (6.7%), pregnancy-related symptoms (6.3%), and upper-respiratory or unspecified viral infection (6.3%). The most common treatments reported were foreign body removal (5%) and cast application (3.5%). Only 7.8% of visits resulted in emergency department admission within seven days (any cause). The average time from patient request to physician treatment was 91 min.

Conclusions
Maccabi-RED is being widely used by patients nationwide. Additional studies are needed to investigate whether Maccabi-RED reduces emergency department visits and costs.
The WUSCHEL-related homeobox transcription factor CsWOX3 negatively regulates fruit spine morphogenesis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Xu Shuo , Wang Yaru , Yang Songlin , Fan Shanshan , Shi Kexin , Wang Fang , An Menghang , Qi Yu , Wang Mingqi , Feng Min , Li Zhifang , Liu Xingwang , Ren Huazhong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a widely cultivated crop with rich germplasm resources, holding significant nutritional value. It also serves as an important model for studying epidermal cell fate and sex determination. Cucumbers are covered with multicellular and unbranched trichomes, including a specific type called spines found on the surface of the fruit. The presence and density of these fruit spines determine the visual quality of cucumber fruits. However, the key regulatory genes and mechanisms underlying cucumber fruit spine development remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family gene CsWOX3, which functioned as a typical transcriptional repressor and played a negative role in fruit spine development. Spatial–temporal expression analysis revealed that CsWOX3 exhibited a relatively high expression level in the cucumber female floral organs, particularly in the fruit exocarp. Knockout of CsWOX3 using CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a significant 2-to-3-fold increase in the diameter of fruit spines base, while overexpression led to a 17% decrease in the diameter compared to the wild-type. A SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE transcription factor CsSPL15 could directly bind and activate the expression of CsWOX3, thereby suppressing the expression of downstream auxin-related genes, such as CsARF18. Additionally, the RING-finger type E3 ubiquitin ligase CsMIEL1-like interacted with the HD domain of CsWOX3, which might result in the ubiquitination and subsequent alteration in protein stability of CsWOX3. Collectively, our study uncovered a WOX transcription factor CsWOX3 and elucidated its expression pattern and biological function. This discovery enhances our comprehension of the molecular mechanism governing cucumber fruit spine morphogenesis.
NREM Slow-Wave Activity in Adolescents Is Differentially Associated With ADHD Levels and Normalized by Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Reicher Vivien , Szalárdy Orsolya , Bódizs Róbert , Vojnits Blanka , Magyar Tárek Zoltán , Takács Mária , Réthelyi János M , Bunford Nóra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
A compelling hypothesis about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) etiopathogenesis is that the ADHD phenotype reflects a delay in cortical maturation. Slow-wave activity (SWA) of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is an electrophysiological index of sleep intensity reflecting cortical maturation. Available data on ADHD and SWA are conflicting, and developmental differences, or the effect of pharmacological treatment, are relatively unknown.

Methods
We examined, in samples (Mage = 16.4, SD = 1.2), of ever-medicated adolescents at risk for ADHD (n = 18; 72% boys), medication-naïve adolescents at risk for ADHD (n = 15, 67% boys), and adolescents not at risk for ADHD (n = 31, 61% boys) matched for chronological age and controlling for non-ADHD pharmacotherapy, whether ADHD pharmacotherapy modulates the association between NREM SWA and ADHD risk in home sleep.

Results
Findings indicated medication-naïve adolescents at risk for ADHD exhibited greater first sleep cycle and entire night NREM SWA than both ever-medicated adolescents at risk for ADHD and adolescents not at risk for ADHD and no difference between ever-medicated, at-risk adolescents, and not at-risk adolescents.

Conclusions
Results support atypical cortical maturation in medication-naïve adolescents at risk for ADHD that appears to be normalized by ADHD pharmacotherapy in ever-medicated adolescents at risk for ADHD. Greater NREM SWA may reflect a compensatory mechanism in middle-later adolescents at risk for ADHD that normalizes an earlier occurring developmental delay.
Making a case for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT)
Authors: Seaton R A , Gilchrist M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its negative impact on both acute and elective care and decline in available inpatient resources, there is an imperative to maximize safe and effective alternatives to inpatient hospital care. Properly governed outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) services embed the principles of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) (including use of early oral therapy) and support admission avoidance and early discharge for a growing range of patient groups with complex infections through well-organized multidisciplinary team working. Expansion of OPAT aligns with the UK’s national strategy to deliver care closer to home and cost-effectively maximize use of inpatient resources. OPAT serves as an exemplar to other ambulatory services and presents opportunities for developing and assuring AMS strategies within the rapidly developing hospital-at-home and virtual ward environments.
Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) low-expression variants and increased risk of Plasmodium vivax malaria relapses
Authors: Puça Maria Carolina Silva De Barros , Rodrigues Danielle Fonseca , Salazar Yanka Evellyn Alves Rodrigues , Louzada Jaime , Fontes Cor Jesus Fernandes , Daher André , Pereira Dhélio Batista , Fernandes Vieira José Luiz , Carvalho Luzia Helena , Alves de Brito Cristiana Ferreira , Gil José Pedro , Nobrega de Sousa Tais 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Primaquine is essential for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria and must be metabolized into its bioactive metabolites. Accordingly, polymorphisms in primaquine-metabolizing enzymes can impact the treatment efficacy. This pioneering study explores the influence of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) on primaquine metabolism and its impact on malaria relapses.

Methods
Samples from 205 patients with P. vivax malaria were retrospectively analysed by genotyping polymorphisms in MAO-A and cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genes. We measured the primaquine and carboxyprimaquine blood levels in 100 subjects for whom blood samples were available on the third day of treatment. We also examined the relationship between the enzyme variants and P. vivax malaria relapses in a group of subjects with well-documented relapses.

Results
The median carboxyprimaquine level was significantly reduced in individuals carrying low-expression MAO-A alleles plus impaired CYP2D6. In addition, this group experienced significantly more P. vivax relapses. The low-expression MAO-A status was not associated with malaria relapses when CYP2D6 had normal activity. This suggests that the putative carboxyprimaquine contribution is irrelevant when the CYP2D6 pathway is fully active.

Conclusions
We found evidence that the low-expression MAO-A variants can potentiate the negative impact of impaired CYP2D6 activity, resulting in lower levels of carboxyprimaquine metabolite and multiple relapses. The findings support the hypothesis that carboxyprimaquine may be further metabolized through CYP-mediated pathways generating bioactive metabolites that act against the parasite.
Multilateral Maritime Exercises, Grand Strategy, and Strategic Change: The American Case and Beyond
Authors: Dombrowski Peter , Reich Simon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Military exercises are largely overlooked by scholars of international security, despite the fact that exercise planning, execution, and analysis represent a huge investment of any military’s energy. Nonetheless, they offer the possibility of a rich research program about what states prioritize and how they adjudge their relationship to other state and non-state actors. We examine the role that multilateral maritime exercises (MMEs) play in the implementation of grand strategy in three regions—Europe, the Middle East, and the Indo-Pacific. Our central proposition is that as American policymakers and military leaders’ perception of a strategic threat increases, the purpose, numbers, and participants in MMEs will change. MMEs will move from a focus on peacetime operations to those designed for military crisis response or management, or for preparation for war.
Integration of QTL and transcriptome approaches for the identification of genes involved in tomato response to nitrogen deficiency
Authors: Desaint Henri , Héreil Alexandre , Belinchon-Moreno Javier , Carretero Yolande , Pelpoir Esther , Pascal Michel , Brault Marie , Dumont Doriane , Lecompte François , Laugier Patricia , Duboscq Renaud , Bitton Frederique , Grumic Mara , Giraud Christophe , Ferrante Paola , Giuliano Giovanni , Sunseri Francesco , Causse Mathilde 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Optimizing plant nitrogen (N) usage and inhibiting N leaching loss in the soil–crop system is crucial to maintaining crop yield and reducing environmental pollution. This study aimed at identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two N treatments in order to list candidate genes related to nitrogen-related contrasting traits in tomato varieties. We characterized a genetic diversity core-collection (CC) and a multi-parental advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) tomato population grown in a greenhouse under two nitrogen levels and assessed several N-related traits and mapped QTLs. Transcriptome response under the two N conditions was also investigated through RNA sequencing of fruit and leaves in four parents of the MAGIC population. Significant differences in response to N input reduction were observed at the phenotypic level for biomass and N-related traits. Twenty-seven QTLs were detected for three target traits (leaf N content, leaf nitrogen balance index, and petiole NO3− content), 10 and six in the low and high N condition, respectively, while 19 QTLs were identified for plasticity traits. At the transcriptome level, 4752 and 2405 DEGs were detected between the two N conditions in leaves and fruits, respectively, among which 3628 (50.6%) in leaves and 1717 (71.4%) in fruit were genotype specific. When considering all the genotypes, 1677 DEGs were shared between organs or tissues. Finally, we integrated DEG and QTL analyses to identify the most promising candidate genes. The results highlighted a complex genetic architecture of N homeostasis in tomato and novel putative genes useful for breeding tomato varieties requiring less N input.
Immuno-electron microscopy localizes Caenorhabditis elegans vitellogenins along the classic exocytosis route
Authors: Zhai Chao , Zhang Nan , Li Xi-Xia , Tan Xue-Ke , Sun Fei , Dong Meng-Qiu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Vitellogenins (VITs) are the most abundant proteins in adult hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans. VITs are synthesized in the intestine, secreted to the pseudocoelom, matured into yolk proteins, and finally deposited in oocytes as nutrients for progeny development. How VITs are secreted out of the intestine remains unclear. Using immuno-electron microscopy (immuno-EM), we localize intestinal VITs along an exocytic pathway consisting of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi, and the lipid bilayer-bounded VIT vesicles (VVs). This suggests that the classic exocytotic pathway mediates the secretion of VITs from the intestine to the pseudocoelom. We also show that pseudocoelomic yolk patches (PYPs) are membrane-less and amorphous. The different VITs/yolk proteins are packed as a mixture into the above structures. The size of VVs can vary with the VIT levels and the age of the worm. On adult Day 2 (AD 2), intestinal VVs (~200 nm in diameter) are smaller than gonadal yolk organelles (YOs, ~500 nm in diameter). VVs, PYPs, and YOs share a uniform medium electron density by conventional EM. The morphological profiles documented in this study serve as a reference for future studies of VITs/yolk proteins.
Simba-C: the evolution of the thermal and chemical properties in the intragroup medium
Authors: Hough Renier T , Shao Zhiwei , Cui Weiguang , Loubser S Ilani , Babul Arif , Davé Romeel , Rennehan Douglas , Kobayashi Chiaki 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The newly updated GIZMO and Simba based simulation, Simba-C, with its new stellar feedback, chemical enrichment, and recalibrated AGN feedback, allows for a detailed study of the intragroup medium X-ray properties. We discuss the impact of various physical mechanisms, e.g. stellar and AGN feedback, and chemical enrichment, on the composition and the global scaling relations of nearby galaxy groups. We also study the evolution (z = 2 to 0) of the global properties for the $1\, \mathrm{keV}$ temperature groups. Simba-C shows improved consistent matching with the observations of all X-ray scaling relations compared to Simba. It is well known that AGN feedback has a significant influence on LX, 0.5–2.0–Tspec, corr, S500/2500–Tspec, corr, and gas mass fractions, with our Simba-C results consistent with it. Our recalibrated AGN feedback strength also showed an additional improvement in gas entropy, which now aligns with CLoGS observations. The updated stellar feedback and chemical enrichment model is shown to play an important role in our understanding of the chemical abundance ratios and their evolution within galaxy groups. In particular, we find that Simba-C produces an increase in the amount of heavier elements (specifically Si and Fe) relative to O, compared to Simba.
Diagnosing the massive-seed pathway to high-redshift black holes: statistics of the evolving black hole to host galaxy mass ratio
Authors: Scoggins Matthew T , Haiman Zoltán 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses of ∼109 M⊙ within the first billion year of the universe challenge our conventional understanding of black hole formation and growth. One pathway to these SMBHs proposes that supermassive stars born in pristine atomic cooling haloes yield massive seed BHs evolving to these early SMBHs. This scenario leads to an overly massive BH galaxy (OMBG), in which the BH to stellar mass ratio is initially Mbh/M* ≥ 1, well in excess of the typical values of ∼10−3 at low redshifts. Previously, we have investigated two massive seed BH candidates from the Renaissance simulation and found that they remain outliers on the Mbh–M* relation until the OMBG merges with a much more massive halo at z = 8. In this work, we use Monte-Carlo merger trees to investigate the evolution of the Mbh–M* relation for 50 000 protogalaxies hosting massive BH seeds, across 10 000 trees that merge into a 1012 M⊙ halo at z = 6. We find that up to 60 per cent (depending on growth parameters) of these OMBGs remain strong outliers for several 100 Myr, down to redshifts detectable with JWST and with sensitive X-ray telescopes. This represents a way to diagnose the massive-seed formation pathway for early SMBHs. We expect to find ∼0.1–1 of these objects per JWST Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) field per unit redshift at z ≳ 6. Recently detected SMBHs with masses of ∼107 M⊙ and low-inferred stellar-mass hosts may be examples of this population.