bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of water quality based on artificial intelligence: performance of multilayer perceptron neural networks and multiple linear regression versus water quality indexes
Authors: Palabıyık Selda , Akkan Tamer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA significant problem in the sustainable management of water resources is the lack of funding and long-term monitoring. Today, this problem has been greatly reduced by innovative, adaptive, and sustainable learning methods. Therefore, in this study, a sample river was selected and 14 variables observed at 5 different points for 12 months, traditionally reference values, were calculated by multivariate statistical analysis methods to obtain the water quality index (WQI). The WQI index was estimated using different algorithms including the innovatively used multiple linear regression (MLR), multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks (MLP-ANN) and various machine learning estimation algorithms including neural networks (NN), support vector machine (SVM), gaussian process regression (GPR), ensemble and decision tree approach. By comparing the results, the most appropriate method was selected. The determination of water quality was best estimated by the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. As a result of this MLR modeling, high prediction performance was obtained with accuracy values of R2 = 1.0, RMSE = 0.0025, and MAPE = 0.0296. The root mean square error (RMSE), percent mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2) were used to determine the accuracy of the models. These results confirm that both MLR model can be used to predict WQI with very high accuracy. It seems that it can contribute to strengthening water quality management. As a result, as with the powerful results of the innovative approaches (MLR and MLP-ANN) and other assessments, it was found that the presence of intense anthropogenic pressure in the study area and the current situation needs immediate remediation.
Attitudes toward genetic testing, family planning and preimplantation genetic testing in families with a germline CDKN2A pathogenic variant
Authors: Onnekink A. M. , Klatte D. C.F. , van Hooft J. E. , van den Berg S. H. , van der Zwaan S. M.S. , van Doorn R. , Hinnen S. C.H. , Potjer T. P. , Bleiker E. M.A. , van Leerdam M. E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndividuals with a germline CDKN2A pathogenic variant (PV) have a highly increased life time risk of melanoma and pancreatic cancer. This cross-sectional study assessed the attitudes among toward genetic testing, family planning, and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in confirmed CDKN2A PV carriers and individuals with a 50% risk of the PV (at-risk carriers) using of a one-time questionnaire.A total of 537 individuals were screened for eligibility, of whom 208 of 366 (57%) confirmed carriers (56% female, median age 54 years [IQR 46–63]) and 39 of 171 (23%) at-risk carriers (59% female, median age of 26 years [IQR 22–32]) participated in the study. Primary motivations for genetic testing were to gain control over their personal and children’s cancer risk, as well as increasing cancer surveillance practices. In contrast, concerns about obtaining a mortgage and life insurance were frequently cited as reasons for postponing genetic testing. Family planning decisions remained largely unaffected in both confirmed and at-risk carriers; however, the majority of confirmed carriers were still unaware of their familial or personal cancer risk when starting a family. More than 60% of the participants were unfamiliar with PGT and only a minority (19% of confirmed carriers and 10% of at-risk carriers) would be open to considering PGT as a reproductive option. This study found different attitudes toward genetic testing, family planning, and PGT among individuals affected by the CDKN2A PV. Understanding these different attitudes can help clinicians to address the complexities surrounding these issues, especially for younger individuals facing difficult decisions about the timing of genetic testing, family planning, and the potential use of assisted reproductive options.
A closer look at the relationship between course enrollment size and accident occurrences in hands-on engineering design-based STEM courses
Authors: Love Tyler S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEngaging students in hands-on engineering design-based instruction as called for in national science, and technology and engineering (T&E) education standards in the United States (U.S.) poses inherent hazards and risks that science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educators must be adequately prepared to address. Helping students develop safer habits while creating solutions to design challenges can translate to practices they will implement at home, in post-secondary education programs, and in the workplace. This study analyzed responses from 117 P-12 educators delivering hands-on engineering design-based STEM instruction in the U.S. Certain protective factors (e.g., safety training) were found to be significantly associated with reducing the odds of an accident; however, when controlling for course enrollment sizes, the odds of an accident significantly increased. Logistic regression models demonstrated that STEM courses with enrollments of 24 or fewer students had an 87.5% reduction in the odds of an accident occurring. Courses with enrollments surpassing 24 students were 8 times more likely to have had an accident, and courses with more than 30 students were 21 times more likely to have had an accident occurrence within the past five years. The findings from this study provide insight about the importance of occupancy load and overcrowding in hands-on engineering design-based STEM courses. STEM educators can utilize the results from this study to make informed decisions about addressing significant risk and protective factors associated with accident occurrences. Most importantly, this study has implications for improving safety policies and changing legal precedent related to overcrowding and course enrollment sizes in P-12 STEM courses, which the analyses in this study suggest should help reduce accident occurrences.
How Others Matter in Children’s Socialization: The Huotang-Centered Allomothering System Among the Matrilineal Mosuo
Authors: Wang Jue , Endo Toshihiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAllomothering, the practice of child-rearing by caregivers other than childrens’ mothers, has garnered more attention recently. This study examined allomothering within the matrilineal Mosuo, an ethnic group in Southwestern China known for its nonmarital reproductive and dual-residence system, in which partners maintain separate residences, fostering cooperative multigenerational child-rearing. Still, specific parental interactions within the Mosuo have not been completely investigated. Using the grounded theory approach, we conducted two rounds of semi-structured interviews to explore Mosuo’s allomothering system and child socialization practices. Initial interviews (N = 19, M = 53.68) focused on child-rearing beliefs and family relationships. Subsequent interviews with caregivers (N = 17, M = 40.6) and children (N = 19, M = 15.7) delved into detailed intergenerational parental interactions. Our findings show that grandmothers primarily handled children’s daily care, with mothers and sisters dividing responsibilities for financial provisions and co-caregiving. Mothers tended to enforce discipline, and aunts provided nurturing attention. A female-led “Huotang-focused” allomothering system is prevalent, where “Huotang” signifies the communal hearth, central to family interactions. Maternal uncles, while not directly involved in care, oversaw moral and behavioral guidance and assumed economic obligations. Fathers, exhibiting less authority than maternal uncles, predominantly engaged in rough-and-tumble play, marking their interactions with their children by distinctive friend-like characteristics. Children’s socialization reflected legitimate peripheral participation, with the children observing and modeling their maternal caregivers’ behaviors and beliefs. Mosuo’s allomothering interactions offer fresh insights into cooperative strategies and prompt a reconsideration of traditional parental roles in child socialization.
Phylogenetic network-assisted rooting of unrooted gene trees
Authors: Tiuryn Jerzy , Rutecka Natalia , Górecki Paweł 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGene trees inferred from molecular sequence alignments are typically unrooted, and determining the most credible rooting edge is a classical problem in computational biology. One approach to solve this problem is unrooted reconciliation, where the rooting edge is postulated based on the split of the root from a given species tree. In this paper, we propose a novel variant of the gene tree rooting problem, where the gene tree root is inferred using a phylogenetic network of the species present in the gene tree. To obtain the best rooting, unrooted reconciliation can be applied, where the unrooted gene tree is jointly reconciled with a set of splits inferred from the network. However, the exponential size of the set induced by display trees of the network makes this approach computationally prohibitive. To address this, we propose a broader and easier-to-control set of splits based on the structural properties of the network. We then derive exact mathematical formulas for the rooting problem and propose two general rooting algorithms to handle cases where the input network does not meet the initial requirements. Our experimental study based on simulated gene trees and networks demonstrates that our algorithms infer gene tree rootings correctly or with a small error in most cases.
Chair Work with the Empathic Other: Providing Basic Need Support for Resolving Unfinished Business
Authors: Holmström Édua , Kykyri Virpi-Liisa , Martela Frank 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this case study we present an example of a modification of the chair work technique, called ‘chair work with the empathic other’, and examine the process of emotional change of the participant. We find that talking directly to the empathic other supports the participant’s emotional engagement with the task and guides her emotional processing through the four necessary components of successful empty chair work, specified in previous research: experiential access and intense expression of primary adaptive emotion, expression of thwarted need, and a shift in the representation of self and the other. Drawing on self-determination theory, we conceptualize the trainer’s person-centered communication as a basic need-supporting therapeutic action. Throughout the chair work process, the need-supporting positioning of the ‘empathic other’, provided by the trainer, consistently engages the participant in the emotional processing of unfinished business: it deepens and widens her emotional exploration, leads her to express thwarted need, and finally, to change representation of self and other. We discuss the findings within the framework of self-determination theory and in relation to research on emotional change and therapeutic practice. Previous research has pointed out the difficulties many clients face with engaging in chair work. Introducing need-supportive communication, drawing on self-determination theory, we suggest that the modified technique is a possible intervention to facilitate engagement in chair work and emotional change.
Assessment of Movement Synchrony and Alliance in Problem-Focused and Solution-Focused Counseling
Authors: Hoffmann Christian , Gürtler Magdalene , Fendel Johannes , Lahmann Claas , Schmidt Stefan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated the differences in movement synchrony and therapeutic alliance between solution-focused and problem-focused counseling. Thirty-four participants each attended two counseling sessions with different counselors, one with a solution-focus and one with a problem-focus, in randomized order. The sessions consisted of three consecutive parts: problem description, standardized intervention and free intervention. Movement synchrony, including leading and pacing synchrony, was measured using Motion Energy Analysis (MEA) and windowed cross-lagged correlation (WCLC) based on video recordings of the sessions. The Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ) was used to assess therapeutic alliance. Results showed that movement synchrony was significantly higher in solution-focused than in problem-focused counseling, driven by differences in the problem description part. This difference may be explained by the allegiance of the counselors to the solution-focused approach, as we observed more leading synchrony during the problem description part in solution-focused sessions. There was no significant difference in therapeutic alliance between the two conditions. This study expands the understanding of counseling approaches in the field of movement synchrony and contributes valuable insights for practitioners and researchers alike.
‘No Pet’ Covenants and the Law: A Harm Assessment Approach to Regulating Companion Animals in Rental Housing Across the World
Authors: Rook Deborah , Jegatheesan Brinda India 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe covid-19 pandemic, and in particular, the rise in pet ownership, the greater focus on home-life during lockdowns and the normalisation of hybrid-working conditions post-pandemic, has shed light on an under-researched area of law that affects millions of people across the world: the use of ‘no pet’ covenants in private rental housing. This article identifies the prevalence of ‘no pet’ covenants as a socio-legal problem that is of global significance. It assesses the legal regulation of pets in private rental housing through a Harm Assessment approach that has global application. A Harm Assessment approach balances harms to various stakeholders in both the use and restriction of ‘no pet’ covenants. In countries that have no legal regulation of pets in housing it can be used to assess the need for legislation. This approach considers the character, magnitude and likelihood of the harm, something which has had little consideration to date. Drawing, by analogy, on the work of Feinberg and his analysis of harm within the context of the legitimacy of state interference with individual liberty, this article adapts his theory of harm to assess the need for legal regulation of pets in rental housing. The legitimacy of a Harm Assessment approach is supported by the existing literature on ‘no pet’ covenants, from which the dominant theme of harm emerges. Identifying and weighting the types of harm to be balanced varies depending on cultural, religious and geographic considerations and further research is needed to better understand the harms in different countries.
Assessment of the performance of fibre optic sensor designs based on two FBGs
Authors: Palmowski Jacek , Barczak Kamil , Kubicka Natalia , Gołek Franek , Benson Luke , Maciak Erwin , Pustelny Tadeusz , Phang Sendy , Benson Trevor , Bereś-Pawlik Elżbieta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe paper presents, and compares the performance of, two optical sensing systems each based on a combination of two fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) and where a simple measurement of transmitted or reflected power provides an alternative to specialist interrogators. In both configurations one of the FBGs acts as a reference whilst the other is used as the measuring element. It is shown that using FBGs with wide spectra results in higher dynamic range. The measurement of strain is used to demonstrate the behaviour of the proposed sensing systems. The performance of the two systems is compared experimentally and discussed with the insight of the simultaneous measurement of the spectra reaching the detector.
Construction of a Dirichlet form on Metric Measure Spaces of Controlled Geometry
Authors: Butaev Almaz , Luo Liangbing , Shanmugalingam Nageswari 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGiven a compact doubling metric measure space X that supports a 2-Poincaré inequality, we construct a Dirichlet form on $$N^{1,2}(X)$$

N

1
,
2

(
X
)

that is comparable to the upper gradient energy form on $$N^{1,2}(X)$$

N

1
,
2

(
X
)

. Our approach is based on the approximation of X by a family of graphs that is doubling and supports a 2-Poincaré inequality (see [20]). We construct a bilinear form on $$N^{1,2}(X)$$

N

1
,
2

(
X
)

using the Dirichlet form on the graph. We show that the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-limit $$\mathcal {E}$$
E
of this family of bilinear forms (by taking a subsequence) exists and that $$\mathcal {E}$$
E
is a Dirichlet form on X. Properties of $$\mathcal {E}$$
E
are established. Moreover, we prove that $$\mathcal {E}$$
E
has the property of matching boundary values on a domain $$\Omega \subseteq X$$

Ω
⊆
X

. This construction makes it possible to approximate harmonic functions (with respect to the Dirichlet form $$\mathcal {E}$$
E
) on a domain in X with a prescribed Lipschitz boundary data via a numerical scheme dictated by the approximating Dirichlet forms, which are discrete objects.
Could Avicenna’s god remain within himself?: A reply to the Naṣīrian interpretation
Authors: Taşkın Ferhat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAvicenna holds that since God has existed from all eternity and is immutable and impassible, he cannot come to have an attribute or feature that he has not had from all eternity. He also claims for the simultaneous causation. A puzzle arises when we consider God’s creating this world. If God is immutable and impassible, then his attributes associated with his creating this world are unchanging. So, God must have been creating the world from all eternity. But then God’s creative act, one might object, seems to be no different from a matter of natural necessity. This is a threat to divine freedom, for God would then have no choice concerning his creative action. Anthony Ruffus and Jon McGinnis argue that this puzzle can be solved in such a way that Avicenna can consistently affirm divine freedom along with divine simplicity. They suggest that Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī’s interpretation might help to show that it is false that Avicenna’s God cannot choose absolutely. For it is still open to him to choose either to create eternally or to refrain from creating anything at all. Ruffus and McGinnis argue that since creating or not creating anything at all do not correspond to two distinct concepts, Avicenna’s account of divine simplicity, which denies any multiplicity in divine mind, is safeguarded along with divine freedom. I claim that God’s omnirationality requiring that he always acts for reasons is a serious threat to such an interpretation.
Signaling and herding in reward-based crowdfunding
Authors: Rodríguez-Garnica Gabriel , Gutiérrez-Urtiaga María , Tribo Josep A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how signaling and herding behavior interact in crowdfunding markets to give raise to an information cascade, even when there are no identifiable experts, which is the typical case in reward-based crowdfunding. Using daily funding data for on all the projects launched on Kickstarter during one month, we find that during the initial phase of the campaign, the funding decisions of a reduced number of early backers are based on information and quality signals offered by the creator. However, during the second phase, signaling is substituted by the herding behavior of a large number of late backers, imitating early backers. The results suggest that, even in the absence of identifiable experts, backers self-select into early or late backers depending on their ability to process the information, so that herding after signaling generates an information cascade that ameliorates asymmetric information problems. The findings are relevant for (i) creators, that will obtain better results by targeting their crowdfunding campaigns at better informed potential contributors, and (ii) regulators, that can expect backers’ self-selection and herding to work together to protect uninformed backers from fraud and deception even when participation is not restricted.
Bacterial septicemia and herpesvirus infection in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) stranded in the São Paulo coast, Brazil
Authors: Duarte-Benvenuto Aricia , Sánchez-Sarmiento A. M. , Ewbank A. C. , Zamana-Ramblas R. , Costa-Silva S. , Silvestre N. , Faita T. , Keid L. B. , Soares R. M. , Pessi C. F. , Sabbadini J. R. , Borges M. F. , Ferioli R. B. , Marcon M. , Barbosa C. B. , Fernandes N. C. C. A. , Ibáñez-Porras P. , Navas-Suárez P. E. , Catão-Dias J. L. , Sacristán Carlos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn August 2021, two juvenile male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) stranded in the southeastern Brazilian coast and were referred to rehabilitation centers. The animals presented increased body temperature, prostration, respiratory distress and despite treatment died. A necropsy following a standardized protocol was performed, and formalin-fixed tissues were processed for microscopic examination. Samples were screened for morbillivirus, herpesvirus, and Brucella spp. by molecular analyses (PCR, RT-PCR). Bacteriological culture was performed in samples collected from the lungs, trachea, and lymph nodes of both cases. The main histopathologic findings were of infectious nature, including multifocal necrotizing and fibrinous mixed interstitial pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and bronchitis, with intralesional myriad bacteria associated with vascular fibrinoid necrosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from tracheal and lung swabs of Case 1, and Klebsiella oxytoca was found in nostril swabs, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and lung of Case 2. Gammaherpesvirus infection was detected in both cases, and the sequences retrieved were classified into the genus Percavirus. All tested samples were PCR-negative for Brucella spp. and morbillivirus. We hypothesize that the deficient immunological status in association with starvation predisposed the reactivation of herpesvirus and secondary bacterial co-infections. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of herpesvirus in an Antarctic pinniped. These findings reinforce that Otariid gammaherpesvirus circulating in the Southern Hemisphere are likely endemic in the Arctocephalus genus. This report contributes to the current knowledge of health aspects affecting wild pinnipeds, especially in the poorly studied Antarctic species.
Convergent Neuroimaging and Molecular Signatures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Data-Driven Meta-Analysis with N = 3,118
Authors: Kang Xiaopeng , Wang Dawei , Lin Jiaji , Yao Hongxiang , Zhao Kun , Song Chengyuan , Chen Pindong , Qu Yida , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Zengqiang , Zhou Bo , Han Tong , Liao Zhengluan , Chen Yan , Lu Jie , Yu Chunshui , Wang Pan , Zhang Xinqing , Li Ming , Zhang Xi , Jiang Tianzi , Zhou Yuying , Liu Bing , Han Ying , Liu Yong ,   The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   The Multi-Center Alzheimer’s Disease Imaging (MCADI) Consortium
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to regional brain atrophy and its biological mechanism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We conducted data-driven meta-analyses to combine 3,118 structural magnetic resonance images from three datasets to obtain robust atrophy patterns. Then we introduced a set of radiogenomic analyses to investigate the biological basis of the atrophy patterns in AD. Our results showed that the hippocampus and amygdala exhibit the most severe atrophy, followed by the temporal, frontal, and occipital lobes in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. The extent of atrophy in MCI was less severe than that in AD. A series of biological processes related to the glutamate signaling pathway, cellular stress response, and synapse structure and function were investigated through gene set enrichment analysis. Our study contributes to understanding the manifestations of atrophy and a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological processes that contribute to atrophy, providing new insight for further clinical research on AD.