bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the vegetation of Quercus pubescens woodland after cessation of coppicing and grazing
Authors: Debussche Max , Debussche Geneviève , Lepart Jacques 
Published: January 2010

Abstract. The cessation of coppicing and grazing in Quercus woodlands, with its subsequent changes in the structure, composition and functioning of vegetation communities, is becoming more frequent throughout the Mediterranean Basin. In southern France, we have studied successional changes in Quercus pubescens woodlands by visiting previously studied sites 18 yr later. Changes in vertical structure, species richness, floristic composition, life form and dispersal type were analysed and compared between woodlands that had previously been grazed or ungrazed.Both successions showed a decline in vegetation cover in the 0–25 cm height class and in the height class immediately under the canopy layer, due to oak litter accumulation and tree ageing. In post‐grazing succession, the abandonment of grazing and associated burning has allowed the vegetation cover to increase in the 0.25‐2 m height class. In both successions, grassland species decreased in frequency and forest species increased, a trend which was stronger in undisturbed succession. Species richness decreased with time in the undisturbed succession, but remained stable in the post‐grazing succession mainly because of the slow decline of plants linked to grazing. In undisturbed succession, therophytes and hemicryptophytes decreased. In contrast, therophytes and hemicryptophytes remained stable in post‐grazing succession. In both successions, endozoochorous species (notably Ruscus aculeatus) increased. Plants dispersed by non‐animal vectors decreased in undisturbed succession, but stability was observed in most of the dispersal types in post‐grazing succession. These results showed that a time‐lag existed between undisturbed succession and post‐grazing succession, the latter remaining at a younger stage of successional development due to more recent impact of grazing. However, both successions have converged suggesting that most of the traces of grazing on vegetation will disappear within a few years. The vegetation of these coppices, regardless of the previous grazing regime, will become increasingly similar to the vegetation of undisturbed woodlands. However, their floristic composition will probably never be identical to that of undisturbed woodlands, mainly because of the rarity of these undisturbed woodlands and of the short‐distance dispersal of many forest plant species.
Patent Propensity in Small Technology‐based Firms: Evidence from Zhongguancun Science Park
Authors: Yang Delin , Li Xibao , Chen Jiagui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUsing a survey administered in Zhongguancun Science Park in Beijing, China, this paper investigates the impact of R&D personnel‐related intellectual property management practices on the patent propensity of small technology‐based firms. It is found that R&D personnel‐related management practices, including training and reward mechanisms, are effective in enhancing a firm's willingness to patent. In particular, we find that reward mechanisms can negatively moderate the effect of size on a firm's willingness to patent. One implication that emerged from the analysis is that a small firm can counteract its size disadvantage in patenting by introducing a well‐developed reward mechanism.
Serological analysis ofChlamydophila abortusin Australian sheep and implications for the rejection of breeder sheep for export
Authors: McCauley LME , Lancaster MJ , Butler KL , Ainsworth CGV 
Published: January 2010

Objective To examine the incidence of positive results in a complement fixation test (CFT) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) forChlamydophila abortusin Australian sheep and how this incidence differs with state of origin, age, sex, breed and property. To examine the consequences in relation to rejection of breeder sheep for export.Design Collection of blood samples from 891 sheep on 109 properties in southern Australia. All samples had a unique, coded property identification.Procedure The samples were tested using the Institut PourquierChlamydophila abortusantibody ELISA (rELISA) and a CFT. Residual maximum likelihood analyses of the sample to positive ratio of the corrected optical density for the rELISA and generalised linear mixed model analyses of the CFT outcomes were carried out.Results The sample to positive ratio of the corrected optical density values of the rELISA did not differ between sex, age, breed or state of origin, but differed greatly between properties. The CFT outcome did not differ between age, breed or state of origin, but differed greatly between properties and was more often positive with rams than with ewes.Conclusion Positive outcomes toC. abortusantibody tests are very common in Australia. Rams have a particularly high incidence of positive results with the CFT. Rejection of sheep and property consignments is likely to be very common with all tests and situations examined except for the CFT (at 1:32 dilution) in ewes.
Evaluation of a Potential Clinical Interaction between Ceftriaxone and Calcium
Authors: Steadman Emily , Raisch Dennis W. , Bennett Charles L. , Esterly John S. , Becker Tischa , Postelnick Michael , McKoy June M. , Trifilio Steve , Yarnold Paul R. , Scheetz Marc H. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT
In April 2009, the FDA retracted a warning asserting that ceftriaxone and intravenous calcium products should not be coadministered to any patient to prevent precipitation events leading to end-organ damage. Following that announcement, we sought to evaluate if the retraction was justified. A search of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System was conducted to identify any ceftriaxone-calcium interactions that resulted in serious adverse drug events. Ceftazidime-calcium was used as a comparator agent. One hundred four events with ceftriaxone-calcium and 99 events with ceftazidime-calcium were identified. Adverse drug events were recorded according to the listed description of drug involvement (primary or secondary suspect) and were interpreted as probable, possible, unlikely, or unrelated. For ceftriaxone-calcium-related adverse events, 7.7% and 20.2% of the events were classified as probable and possible for embolism, respectively. Ceftazidime-calcium resulted in fewer probable embolic events (4%) but more possible embolic events (30.3%). Among cases that considered ceftriaxone or ceftazidime and calcium as the primary or secondary drug, one case was classified as a probable embolic event. That patient received ceftriaxone-calcium and died, although an attribution of causality was not possible. Our analysis suggests a lack of support for the occurrence of ceftriaxone-calcium precipitation events in adults. The results of the current analysis reinforce the revised FDA recommendations suggesting that patients >28 days old may receive ceftriaxone and calcium sequentially and provide a transparent and reproducible methodology for such evaluations.
Characterization of the Contribution to Virulence of Three Large Plasmids of Avian Pathogenic
Escherichia coli
χ7122 (O78:K80:H9)
Authors: Mellata Melha , Ameiss Keith , Mo Hua , Curtiss Roy 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Despite the fact that the presence of multiple large plasmids is a defining feature of extraintestinal pathogenic
Escherichia coli
(ExPEC), such as avian pathogenic
E. coli
(APEC), and despite the fact that these bacteria pose a considerable threat to both human and animal health, characterization of these plasmids is still limited. In this study, after successfully curing APEC of its plasmids, we were able to investigate, for the first time, the contribution to virulence of three plasmids, pAPEC-1 (103 kb), pAPEC-2 (90 kb), and pAPEC-3 (60 kb), from APEC strain χ7122 individually as well as in all combinations in the wild-type background. Characterization of the different strains revealed unique features of APEC virulence.
In vivo
assays showed that curing the three plasmids resulted in severe attenuation of virulence. The presence of different plasmids and combinations of plasmids resulted in strains with different pathotypes and levels of virulence, reflecting the diversity of APEC strains associated with colibacillosis in chickens. Unexpectedly, our results associated the decrease in growth of some strains in some media with the virulence of APEC, and the mechanism was associated with some combinations of plasmids that included pAPEC-1. This study provided new insights into the roles of large plasmids in the virulence, growth, and evolution of APEC by showing for the first time that both the nature of plasmids and combinations of plasmids have an effect on these phenomena. It also provided a plausible explanation for some of the conflicting results related to the virulence of ExPEC strains. This study should help us understand the virulence of other ExPEC strains and design more efficient infection control strategies.
Evidence of Limited Contributions for Intratumoral Steroidogenesis in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hofland Johannes , van Weerden Wytske M. , Dits Natasja F.J. , Steenbergen Jacobie , van Leenders Geert J.L.H. , Jenster Guido , Schröder Fritz H. , de Jong Frank H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAndrogen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer (PC) eventually leads to castration-resistant PC (CRPC). Intratumoral androgen production might contribute to tumor progression despite suppressed serum androgen concentrations. In the present study, we investigated whether PC or CRPC tissue may be capable of intratumoral androgen synthesis. Steroidogenic enzyme mRNAs were quantified in hormonally manipulated human PC cell lines and xenografts as well as in human samples of normal prostate, locally confined and advanced PC, local nonmetastatic CRPC, and lymph node metastases. Overall, the majority of samples showed low or absent mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes required for de novo steroid synthesis. Simultaneous but low expression of the enzymes CYP17A1 and HSD3B1, essential for the synthesis of androgens from pregnenolone, could be detected in 19 of 88 patient samples. Of 19 CRPC tissues examined, only 5 samples expressed both enzymes. Enzymes that convert androstenedione to testosterone (AKR1C3) and testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT; SRD5A1) were abundantly expressed. AKR1C3 expression was negatively regulated by androgens in the experimental models and was increased in CRPC samples. Expression of SRD5A1 was upregulated in locally advanced cancer, CRPC, and lymph node metastases. We concluded that intratumoral steroid biosynthesis contributes less than circulating adrenal androgens, implying that blocking androgen production and its intraprostatic conversion into DHT, such as via CYP17A1 inhibition, may represent favorable therapeutic options in patients with CRPC. Cancer Res; 70(3); 1256–64
Rethinking the Warburg Effect with Myc Micromanaging Glutamine Metabolism
Authors: Dang Chi V. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The MYC oncogene, which is frequently deregulated in human cancers, encodes a master transcription factor c-Myc (herein termed Myc) that integrates cell proliferation with metabolism through its regulation of thousands of genes including microRNAs (miRNA). In addition to its known function in regulating the cell cycle and glucose metabolism, recent studies document a role for Myc in stimulating glutamine catabolism, in part through the repression of miRNAs miR-23a and miR-23b. These observations suggest an additional level of complexity in tumor metabolism, which includes the commensal metabolic relationship between hypoxic and nonhypoxic regions of tumors as well as the surrounding stroma. Thus, a reevaluation of cancer metabolism considering glutamine catabolism with a better understanding of the tumor histological complexity is needed before cancer metabolism can be effectively targeted in therapy. Cancer Res; 70(3); 859–62
Phase II Trial of Tremelimumab (CP-675,206) in Patients with Advanced Refractory or Relapsed Melanoma
Authors: Kirkwood John M. , Lorigan Paul , Hersey Peter , Hauschild Axel , Robert Caroline , McDermott David , Marshall Margaret A. , Gomez-Navarro Jesus , Liang Jane Q. , Bulanhagui Cecile A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Purpose: This phase II study assessed the antitumor activity of tremelimumab, a fully human, anti–CTL-associated antigen 4 monoclonal antibody, in patients with melanoma.
Experimental Design: Patients with refractory/relapsed melanoma received 15 mg/kg tremelimumab every 90 days. After 4 doses, patients with tumor response or stable disease were eligible to receive ≤4 additional doses. Primary endpoint was best overall tumor response assessed by an independent endpoint review committee, and secondary endpoints included duration of response, overall survival, progression-free survival, and safety.
Results: Of 251 patients enrolled, 246 (241 response-evaluable) received tremelimumab. Objective response rate was 6.6% (16 partial responses); duration of response was 8.9 to 29.8 months. Eight (50%) objective responses occurred in patients with stage IV M1c disease, and 11 (69%) were ongoing at last tumor assessment. Eight (3.3%) patients achieved responses in target lesions (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) despite progressive disease within the first cycle. All 8 survived for &gt;20 months; 5 (63%) remained alive. Clinical benefit rate (overall response + stable disease) was 21% (16 partial responses and 35 stable disease), and median overall survival was 10.0 months. Progression-free survival at 6 months was 15%, and survival was 40.3% at 12 months and 22% at 24 months. Common treatment-related adverse events were generally mild to moderate, and grade 3/4 adverse events included diarrhea (n = 28, 11%), fatigue (n = 6, 2%), and colitis (n = 9, 4%). There were 2 (0.8%) treatment-related deaths.
Conclusions: Tremelimumab showed an objective response rate of 6.6%, with all responses being durable ≥170 days since enrollment, suggesting a potential role for tremelimumab in melanoma. Clin Cancer Res; 16(3); 1042–8
Genetic relationships among seven sections of genus Arachisstudied by using SSR markers
Authors: Koppolu Ravi , Upadhyaya Hari D , Dwivedi Sangam L , Hoisington David A , Varshney Rajeev K 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe genusArachis, originated in South America, is divided into nine taxonomical sections comprising of 80 species. Most of theArachisspecies are diploids (2n= 2x= 20) and the tetraploid species (2n= 2x= 40) are found in sectionsArachis,ExtranervosaeandRhizomatosae. Diploid species have great potential to be used as resistance sources for agronomic traits like pests and diseases, drought related traits and different life cycle spans. Understanding of genetic relationships among wild species and between wild and cultivated species will be useful for enhanced utilization of wild species in improving cultivated germplasm. The present study was undertaken to evaluate genetic relationships among species (96 accessions) belonging to seven sections ofArachisby using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed fromArachis hypogaeagenomic library and gene sequences from related genera ofArachis.ResultsThe average transferability rate of 101 SSR markers tested to sectionArachisand six other sections was 81% and 59% respectively. Five markers (IPAHM 164, IPAHM 165, IPAHM 407a, IPAHM 409, and IPAHM 659) showed 100% transferability. Cluster analysis of allelic data from a subset of 32 SSR markers on 85 wild and 11 cultivated accessions grouped accessions according to their genome composition, sections and species to which they belong. A total of 109 species specific alleles were detected in different wild species,Arachis pusillaexhibited largest number of species specific alleles (15). Based on genetic distance analysis, the A-genome accession ICG 8200 (A. duranensis) and the B-genome accession ICG 8206 (A. ipaënsis) were found most closely related toA. hypogaea.ConclusionA set of cross species and cross section transferable SSR markers has been identified that will be useful for genetic studies of wild species ofArachis, including comparative genome mapping, germplasm analysis, population genetic structure and phylogenetic inferences among species. The present study provides strong support based on both genomic and genic markers, probably for the first time, on relationships ofA. monticolaandA. hypogaeaas well as on the most probable donor of A and B-genomes of cultivated groundnut.
Moderate doses of conjugated linoleic acid reduce fat gain, maintain insulin sensitivity without impairing inflammatory adipose tissue status in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Parra Pilar , Palou Andreu , Serra Francisca 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
The enrichment of diet with nutrients with potential benefits on body composition is a strategy to combat obesity. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) due its beneficial effects on body composition and inflammatory processes becomes an interesting candidate, since the promotion and impairment of obesity is closely linked to a low-grade inflammation state of adipose tissue. Previously we reported the favourable effects of moderate doses of CLA mixture on body composition and inflammatory status of adipose tissue in mice fed a standard-fat diet. In the present study we assessed the potential beneficial effects of CLA mixture (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12, 50:50) in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Methods
Two doses were assayed: 0.15 g (CLA1) and 0.5 g CLA/kg body weight (CLA2) for the first 30 days of the study and then animals received a double amount for another 35 days.

Results
The lowest dose (CLA1) had minor effects on body composition, plasma parameters and gene expression. However, a clear reduction in fat accumulation was achieved by CLA2, accompanied by a reduction in leptin, adiponectin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) plasma concentrations. Insulin sensitivity was maintained despite a slight increase in fasting glucose and insulin plasma concentrations. The study of gene expression both in adipocytes and in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) suggested that CLA may reduce either the infiltration of macrophages in adipose tissue or the induction of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the use of moderate doses of an equimolar mix of the two main CLA isomers reduces body fat content, improves plasma lipid profile, maintains insulin sensitivity (despite a moderate degree of hyperinsulinaemia) without the promotion of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet.
A Coumarin-appended Pseudo-crown for the Selective Recognition of Fe3+
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Chakrabarty Rinku 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A coumarin-appended pseudo-crown (receptor 1) demonstrates remarkable selectivity for Fe3+ in an acetonitrile–water (9:1 v/v) medium (which can be determined by UV–vis and fluorescence methods) over others studied e.g., Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Mn2+ which are used as their perchlorate salts.
Monitoring of Surface Treatment Effects on Sputter-coated Organic Film under Atomic Oxygen and Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroyuki , Matsuoka Mikihiko , Iwasaki Tatsuyuki , Kinoshita Shinobu , Noda Kazutoshi , Iwamori Satoru 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We have been investigating the monitoring of surface treatment under ultraviolet lamp processing utilizing a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with organic thin film. In this study, the behavior of surface modification on sputter-coated organic thin film was successfully measured by QCM. The film erosion mechanism is discussed here based on the results of surface analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ Nanocrystals
Authors: Lei Bingfu , Machida Ken-ichi , Horikawa Takashi , Hanzawa Hiromasa 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Nanosized CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ red phosphor was synthesized by solid-state reaction using CaH2 as calcium source. The obtained phosphor was well crystallized and the particle size was about 200–400 nm. It showed a broad excitation band originating from the 4f7 → 4f65d transition of Eu2+ ion extending to 600 nm and centering at 450 nm, and a strong emission band peaking at 660 nm. This phosphor showed low thermal quenching due to the rigid crystal structure of the host.
Layer by Layer Construction of Metal–Organic Molecule Bilayer on a Au(111) Surface
Authors: Qu Deyu , Ito Mikio , Noguchi Hidenori , Uosaki Kohei 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A thiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was formed on a metallized dithiol SAM, resulting in a new kind of metal–organic molecule bilayer. 1,6-Hexanedithiol (HDT) was adsorbed on a Au(111) surface followed by adsorption and electrochemical reduction of AuCl4− on the HDT SAM, and then by adsorption of 1-decanethiol. The formation of the bilayer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, sum frequency generation, and electrochemical measurements.
A Probe Containing Two Base-discriminating Fluorescent (BDF) Nucleosides for SNP Typing
Authors: Yoshida Yasuko , Niwa Kousuke , Yamada Kazunari , Tokeshi Manabu , Baba Yoshinobu , Saito Yoshio , Okamoto Akimitsu , Saito Isao 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We have developed a new probe containing two base-discriminating fluorescent (BDF) nucleosides for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing. It is possible to determine the SNP type using just one probe. We confirmed suitability of the probe from hybridization assay results obtained for the ALDH2 gene.
Fabrication of Polypyrrole/Ag Composite Nanotubes via In Situ Reduction of AgNO3 on Polypyrrole Nanotubes
Authors: Yang Xiaoming , Li Liang , Yan Feng 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Nanostructured conducting polymer/metal composites have attracted much attention due to their unique properties. Polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes were first synthesized via a self-degraded template and then used as supports for in situ reduction of Ag+ ions. Ag nanoparticles could be uniformly assembled onto the PPy nanotube surface to get PPy/Ag composite nanotubes. The formation mechanism, morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were studied by transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The one-dimensional hollow nanocomposites showed improved properties.
A Novel Organic–Inorganic Complex Based on Monosodium-substituted Keggin Phosphotungstate and Copper(II)–Ethylenediamine Groups
Authors: Ma Pengtao , Li Suzhi , Zhao Junwei , Wang Jingping , Li Yan , Niu Jingyang 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A novel organic–inorganic complex [Cu(en)2]3[α-PW11NaO39]·2H2O (1) was synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV, XPS, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction, constructed by monosodium-substituted Keggin phosphotungstates and copper(II)–ethylenediamine groups and formed a 65·8 CdSO4-like 3D framework.
AlCl3-mediated Defluorinative Diarylhydroxylation Transformation of CF3: Chemoselective Arylation of CF3 and Chlorocarbonyl Groups Attached to Aromatic Rings
Authors: Okamoto Akiko , Kumeda Kazuhiro , Yonezawa Noriyuki 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The CF3 group in 4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl chloride is efficiently diarylated and converted into a diarylhydroxymethyl group by treatment with AlCl3 in the presence of an excess amount of halobenzene (C6H5X; X = F, Cl, and Br). The diarylation is followed by arylation of the chlorocarbonyl group to afford triarylated products, diarylhydroxymethylated benzophenones. The employment of TfOH in place of AlCl3 promotes the exclusive arylation of the chlorocarbonyl group leaving the CF3 group unchanged to afford selectively 4-trifluoromethylbenzophenones, which then undergo diarylhydroxymethylation with the aid of AlCl3.