bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of long-term treatment of HAM/TSP patients with valproic acid
Authors: Olindo Stéphane , Belrose Gildas , Gillet Nicolas , Rodriguez Sabrina , Boxus Mathieu , Verlaeten Olivier , Asquith Becca , Bangham Charles , Signaté Aïssatou , Smadja Didier , Lezin Agnès , Césaire Raymond , Willems Luc 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system induced by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. As a potential therapeutic approach, we previously suggested reducing the proviral load by modulating lysine deacetylase activity using valproic acid (VPA) and exposing virus-positive cells to the host immune response. We conducted a single-center, 2-year, open-label trial, with 19 HAM/TSP volunteers treated with oral VPA. Proviral load, CD38/HLA-DR expression, and CD8+ lysis efficiency were not significantly affected by VPA. Mean scores of HAM/TSP disability did not differ between baseline and final visit. Walking Time Test increased significantly (> 20%) in 3 patients and was in keeping with minor VPA side effects (drowsiness and tremor). Walking Time Test improved rapidly after VPA discontinuation. We conclude that long-term treatment with VPA is safe in HAM/TSP.
Definitions of histocompatibility typing terms
Authors: Nunes Eduardo , Heslop Helen , Fernandez-Vina Marcelo , Taves Cynthia , Wagenknecht Dawn R. , Eisenbrey A. Bradley , Fischer Gottfried , Poulton Kay , Wacker Kara , Hurley Carolyn Katovich , Noreen Harriet , Sacchi Nicoletta 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Histocompatibility testing for stem cell and solid organ transplantation has become increasingly complex as newly discovered HLA alleles are described. HLA typing assignments reported by laboratories are used by physicians and donor registries for matching donors and recipients. To communicate effectively, a common language for histocompatibility terms should be established. In early 2010, representatives from Clinical, Registry, and Histocompatibility organizations joined together as the Harmonization of Histocompatibility Typing Terms Working Group to define a consensual language for laboratories, physicians, and registries to communicate histocompatibility typing information. The Working Group defined terms for HLA typing resolution, HLA matching, and a format for reporting HLA assignments. In addition, definitions of verification typing and extended typing were addressed. The original draft of the Definitions of Histocompatibility Typing Terms was disseminated to colleagues from each organization to gain feedback and create a collaborative document. Commentary gathered during this 90-day review period were discussed and implemented for preparation of this report. Histocompatibility testing continues to evolve; thus, the definitions agreed on today probably will require refinement and perhaps additional terminology in the future.
Simultaneous Detection of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I and Myoglobin by Modified Sandwich Lateral Flow Immunoassay: Proof of Principle
Authors: Zhu Jimin , Zou Nengli , Zhu Danian , Wang Jin , Jin Qinghui , Zhao Jianlong , Mao Hongju 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUNDAlthough numerous lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have been developed and widely used, inadequate analytical sensitivity and the lack of multiple protein detection applications have limited their clinical utility. We developed a new LFIA device for the simultaneous detection of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and myoglobin (Myo).METHODSWe used a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) doubly labeled complex, in which biotinylated single-stranded DNA was used as a linkage to integrate 2 AuNPs and streptavidin-labeled AuNP, as an amplifier to magnify extremely low signals.RESULTSThe detection limit of 1 ng/L achieved for hs-cTnI was 1000 times lower than that obtained in a conventional LFIA. The detection limit for simultaneously measured Myo was 1 μg/L. The linear measurement ranges for hs-cTnI and Myo were 1–10 000 ng/L and 1–10 000 μg/L, respectively. We observed concordant results between the LFIA and clinical assays in sera from 12 patients with acute myocardial infarction (hs-cTnI r = 0.96; Myo r = 0.98). Assay imprecision was &lt;11% for both hs-TnI and myo.CONCLUSIONSThe described proof-of-principle LFIA method could be used as a point-of-care device in multiple protein quantification and semiquantitative analysis.
Consonant lenition and phonological recategorization
Authors: Hualde José Ignacio , Simonet Miquel , Nadeu Marianna 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe examine the weakening of intervocalic voiceless stops in Spanish in order to gain insight on historical processes of intervocalic lenition. In our corpus, about a third of all tokens of intervocalic /ptk/ are fully or partially voiced in spontaneous speech. However, even when fully voiced, /ptk/ tend to show greater constriction than /bdg/, with the velars being less different than labials and coronals. Word-initial and word-internal intervocalic segments are equally affected. Based on our findings from acoustic measurements of correlates of lenition, we propose that common reductive sound changes, such as intervocalic consonant lenition, start as across-the-board conventionalized phonetic processes equally affecting all targets in the appropriate phonetic context. The common restriction of the sound change to word-internal contexts may be a consequence of phonological recategorization at a later stage in the sound change.
Influence of Hydraulic Hysteresis on the Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils and Interfaces
Authors: Khoury Charbel N. , Miller Gerald A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) portrays the relationship between soil suction and water content. This curve represents a fundamental behavior of unsaturated soils, from which many engineering properties (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, shear strength) can be estimated. However, the SWCC exhibits hysteretic behavior where a soil with different values of moisture content (e.g., due to seasonal variations) corresponding to drying and wetting paths can have the same suction. Hysteretic behavior (hydraulic hysteresis) can significantly influence the mechanical response of soils and soil-structure interfaces. This paper describes an investigation of the influence of hydraulic hysteresis during drying and wetting on the shearing response of unsaturated silty cohesionless soil alone and in contact with a rough steel counterface using a specially designed direct shear apparatus. For both soil and rough interface conditions, it was found that shear strength following a drying-wetting path was higher than for only the drying path, at similar suction and net normal stress. The magnitude of the difference in shear strength appears to correlate reasonably well with the difference in volumetric water content between the drying-wetting and drying paths at a given suction and net normal stress prior to shearing.
Philosophy of Education as an Exercise in Thought: To Not Forget Oneself When ‘things Take Their Course’
Authors: Masschelein Jan , Todd Sharon 
Published: October 2011

Starting from a distinction between a critical and an ascetic tradition in philosophy and taking into account their different stances towards the present, the article proposes a practice of philosophy of education within the ascetic tradition. In this tradition, the work of philosophy is in the first place a work on the self — that is, putting oneself to ‘the test of contemporary reality’ — implying an enlightenment not of others but of oneself; however, of oneself not as subject of knowledge, but as subject of action. Putting oneself to the test is, therefore, an exercise in the context of self-education. The article indicates how this exercise can be described as an exercise of/in thought, how it has to be conceived not as a private matter but as a public gesture and as a condition for a truth-telling that is in the first place illuminating and inviting. In order to do so, the article first recalls how Hannah Arendt describes her own work and how this indicates what kind of philosophical practice is entailed in the ascetic tradition. In line with this description, a topical example (i.e. the films of the Belgian Dardenne brothers) is offered of how educational philosophical research in this tradition is carried out today. And, finally, it is clarified how this relates to a proposal for doing ‘empirical’ philosophical research and for creating laboratories. What is proposed is a meditation on the phrase ‘transformation of the educational system’, paying attention to the sense of the words, and showing what the desire for educational change can reveal. After explaining to what extent ‘educational system’ is a quasi-oxymoron, the meaning of ‘transformation’ has to be compared to those of revolution and utopia. The claim to be transforming the educational system is an attempt to adapt education to social and political situations and constraints. The case of the Langevin-Wallon project in France, which was never applied, helps when wondering what has to be adapted to what. What sort of reciprocity is there between school and society? The organisation of knowledge itself can be submitted to a transformation. Jeremy Bentham's Chrestomathia expresses such a conception through an unheeded and somehow utopian project. The desire for something new is in itself problematical, and the very fact of it being new cannot be an aim.
Role and Function of ‘Philosophy of Education’ within the Educational Sciences: A Cross-National Attempt
Authors: Kraft Volker , Conroy James C. 
Published: October 2011

Disciplinary structures of education across Europe are rather different mainly due to the fact that education as an anthropological phenomenon is deeply rooted in specific cultural and national contexts. For this reason the role philosophy of education plays within the given national educational sciences is somewhat divergent and not easy to compare. In face of these difficulties the article argues for a cross-national attempt using theorems deriving from modern systems theory. From such a perspective philosophy of education can be regarded as a special ‘knowledge system’ and its function consists in re-including what has been excluded in the process of rationalisation of education; it serves, so to speak, as a special type of reflection knowledge which is as timeless as it is necessary and therefore of meta-national relevance and indispensable for the process of Europeanisation of education. It is reasonably easy to accept Kraft's claim that education is indeed a local social practice, which has emerged out of complex historical and social forces. But to do so is not to accept that there is some kind of incommensurability between the conceptual languages that emerge out of such local conditions. Indeed underlying the particular understandings/problem/challenges that emerge in particular political and cultural contexts are deep commonalities and it is part of the task of philosophy of education to make sense of these. In distinction to Kraft's proposal that we disaggregate the theoretical and the practical, so as to free up the philosophical to do its proper work, the argument presented here is that such dissociation will fail to enable philosophy to do the work of moving education forward. It will fail because it leaves the teacher bereft of the necessary intellectual resources to engage professionally in the task of education. Education is ineluctably a normative engagement and as such requires the teacher to reflect philosophically on its nature.
Association of Pretransplant Glycemic Control With Posttransplant Outcomes in Diabetic Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Molnar Miklos Z. , Huang Edmund , Hoshino Junichi , Krishnan Mahesh , Nissenson Allen R. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
Observational studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the association of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with survival in diabetic patients on dialysis. The association between pretransplant glycemic control and short- and long-term posttransplant outcomes in kidney transplant recipients is not clear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Linking the 5-year patient data of a large dialysis organization (DaVita) to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we identified 2,872 diabetic dialysis patients who underwent first kidney transplantation. Mortality or graft failure and delayed graft function (DGF) risks were estimated by Cox regression (hazard ratio [HR]) and logistic regression (odds ratio), respectively.

RESULTS
Patients were 53 ± 11 years old and included 36% women and 24% African Americans. In our fully adjusted model, allograft failure–censored, all-cause death HR and 95% CI for time-averaged pretransplant HbA1c categories of 7 to &lt;8%, 8 to &lt;9%, 9 to 10%, and ≥10%, compared with 6 to &lt;7% (reference), were 0.89 (0.59–1.36), 2.06 (1.31–3.24), 1.41 (0.73–2.74), and 3.43 (1.56–7.56), respectively; and graft failure–censored cardiovascular death HR was 0.38 (0.13–1.05), 1.78 (0.69–4.55), 1.59 (0.44–5.76), and 4.28 (0.85–21.64), respectively. We did not find any difference in risk of death-censored graft failure or DGF with different pretransplant HbA1c levels.

CONCLUSIONS
Poor pretransplant glycemic control appears associated with decreased posttransplant survival in kidney transplant recipients, whereas allograft outcomes may not be affected.
A Novel Unstable Mutation in Mitochondrial DNA Responsible for Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness
Authors: Bannwarth Sylvie , Abbassi Meriame , Valéro René , Fragaki Konstantina , Dubois Noémie , Vialettes Bernard , Paquis-Flucklinger Véronique 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
The m.3243A&gt;G mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is responsible for maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD). Other mtDNA mutations are extremely rare.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied a patient presenting with diabetes and deafness who does not carry the m.3243A&gt;G mutation.

RESULTS
We identified a deficiency of respiratory chain complex I in the patient’s fibroblasts. mtDNA sequencing revealed a novel mutation that corresponds to an insertion of one or two cytosine residues in the coding region of the MT-ND6 gene (m.14535_14536insC or CC), leading to premature stop codons. This heteroplasmic mutation is unstable in the patient’s somatic tissues.

CONCLUSIONS
We describe for the first time an unstable mutation in a mitochondrial gene coding for a complex I subunit, which is responsible for the MIDD phenotype. This mutation is likely favored by the m.14530T&gt;C polymorphism, which is homoplasmic and leads to the formation of an 8-bp polyC tract responsible for genetic instability.
Evaluation of catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries in Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses at three Midwestern racetracks
Authors: Beisser Andrea L. , McClure Scott , Wang Chong , Soring Keith , Garrison Rudy , Peckham Bryce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the incidence of and compare the types of catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries (CMIs) sustained in Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses during racing at 3 Midwestern racetracks from 2000 to 2006.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—139 Thoroughbred and 50 Quarter Horse racehorses euthanized because of CMIs.
Procedures—Veterinary officials from 3 Midwestern racing jurisdictions provided injury reports for Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses that sustained CMIs (which required euthanasia) and the total number of race starts for each year. The number of CMIs/1,000 starts was determined for each racetrack. Past performance reports for each horse with a CMI were evaluated.
Results—The total number of race starts (both breeds) at the 3 racetracks from 2000 through 2006 was 129,460, with an overall incidence of 1.46 CMIs/1,000 race starts. Incidences of CMIs among racetracks were similar. Of horses that sustained a CMI, the median age of Thoroughbreds at first race was 3 years, compared with a median age of 2 years for Quarter Horses. A larger proportion of Thoroughbreds sustained a CMI in a claiming race than did Quarter Horses, and a larger proportion of Quarter Horses sustained a CMI in a futurity trial than did Thoroughbreds. The most common site for CMIs in Thoroughbreds was the left forelimb (69/124 [55.6%]), whereas most CMIs in Quarter Horses involved the right forelimb (18/30 [60.0%]).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Differences identified between CMIs in Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses should allow veterinarians to focus on horses and anatomic regions of greatest risk of CMI during racing.
Structure and properties of solid solutions in the Mg-Al-B system
Authors: Sevastyanova Ludmila , Gulish Olga , Stupnikov Vladimir , Genchel Vladimir , Kravchenko Oleg , Bulychev Boris , Lunin Roman , Tarasov Valeriy 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Compounds with the general formula Mg1−x
AlxB2 were obtained by two-step ceramic synthesis. All compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and by four point probe resistivity measurements in various magnetic fields method. The diborides unit cell parameters were determined as a function of the Al mole fraction. With the vaues of x up to 0.40 (where x is the composition of the stock prepared for sintering), the unit cell parameters of Mg1−x
AlxB2 are similar to those of pure MgB2 and the superconducting transition temperature was lowered. For stock compositions of 0:25 ≤ x ≤ 0:60, the products contain a superstructure, also superconducting phase, which becomes the only product at x = 0:50, and at x > 0:60 this phase is replaced by AlB2-based solid solutions.
Design of miniaturization resonant cavities using metamaterial
Authors: Yu Guan , Cao Li , Zhou Man 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Based on the method of transformation optics, we show the miniaturization of a resonant cavity filled with metamaterials. Because the electromagnetic behavior in the transformation space is invariant in the original space, the quality factor Q and the resonant modes of a miniaturized resonant cavity filled with metamaterial are the same as for those in the original space. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation confirms that the miniaturization of resonant cavities is effective.
Geometric phase decomposition in the basis of Hermite-Gaussian functions
Authors: Aleksiejunas Rimvydas , Ivaska Vladislovas 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The work presents geometric phase decomposition for analytical signals using Hermite-Gaussian functions. The decomposition is based on the time-frequency distribution with reassigned and multi-tapered spectrogram resulting in increased phase estimation resolution. Numerical analysis is applied to a number of SU(2) evolutions, such as spin-1/2 particle in a static and rotating magnetic field, as well as polarization rotation of a plane wave in optically active medium. Geometric phase decomposition results are provided also for quantum harmonic oscillator and a radiation field of an electric dipole exited by a short pulse.
Large deformation analysis of Euler-Bernoulli beamshell under own weight based on HAM
Authors: Sohouli Abdol , Kimiaeifar Amin , Mohsenzadeh Afshin , Mohebpour Saeed 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Large deformation of a horizontally uniform cantilevered Euler-Bernoulli beamshell subjected to its own weight is studied. The governing equation for the first time is analytically solved using the analytical technique for nonlinear problems Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). A series solution is presented that can be used for the analysis of beamshells undergoing large deformations with wide range of weight, material/cross section properties and lengths. The results obtained by HAM are compared with the results reported in the previous works, and good agreement is found. Finally, the load-displacement characteristics of a uniform cantilever beamshell under different load conditions, dimensionless weight parameter are presented.
Early development and progression of heterotopic ossification in cervical total disc replacement
Authors: Lee Soo Eon , Chung Chun Kee , Jahng Tae Ahn 
Published: October 2011

ObjectThe purpose of cervical total disc replacement (TDR) is to decrease the incidence of adjacent segment disease through motion preservation. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a well-known complication after hip and knee arthroplasties. There are few reports regarding HO in patients undergoing cervical TDR, however; and the occurrence of HO and its effects on cervical motion have rarely been reported. Moreover, temporal progression of HO has not been fully addressed. One goal of this study involved determining the incidence of HO following cervical TDR, as identified from plain radiographs, and demonstrating the progression of HO during the follow-up period. A second goal consisted of determining whether segmental motion could be preserved and identifying the relationship between HO and clinical outcomes.MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective clinical and radiological study of 28 consecutive patients who underwent cervical TDR with Mobi-C prostheses (LDR Medical) between September 2006 and October 2008. Radiological outcomes were evaluated using lateral dynamic radiographs obtained preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The occurrence of HO was interpreted on lateral radiographs using the McAfee classification. Cervical range of motion (ROM) was also measured. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used to evaluate clinical outcome.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 21.6 ± 7.0 months, and the mean occurrence of HO was at 8.0 ± 6.6 months postoperatively. At the last follow-up, 18 (64.3%) of 28 patients had HO: Grade I, 6 patients; Grade II, 8 patients; Grade III, 3 patients; and Grade IV, 1 patient. Heterotopic ossification progression was proportional to the duration of follow-up; HO was present in 3 (10.7%) of 28 patients at 1 month; 7 (25.0%) of 28 patients at 3 months; 11 (42.3%) of 26 patients at 6 months; 15 (62.5%) of 24 patients at 12 months; and 17 (77.3%) of 22 patients at 24 months. Cervical ROM was preserved in Grades I and II HO but was restricted in Grades III and IV HO. Clinical improvement according to the VAS and NDI was not significantly correlated with the occurrence of HO.ConclusionsThe overall incidence of HO after cervical TDR was relatively high. Moreover, HO began unexpectedly to appear early after surgery. Heterotopic ossification progression was proportional to the time that had elapsed postoperatively. Grade III or IV HO can restrict the cervical ROM and may lead to spontaneous fusion; however, the occurrence of HO did not affect clinical outcome. The results of this study indicate that a high incidence of HO with the possibility of spontaneous fusion is to be expected during long-term follow-up and should be considered before performing cervical TDR.