bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturing of Cerebellar Granule Cells to Study Neuronal Migration: Gradient and Local Perfusion Assays
Authors: Guijarro Patricia , Jiang Jian , Yuan Xiao‐bing 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCultures of cerebellar granule cells are a suitable model to analyze the mechanisms governing neuronal migration. In this unit, we describe a protocol to obtain cultures of dissociated granule cells at a low density, where individual cells can be easily observed. In addition, we include a protocol for studying neuronal migration in these cultures, using single, actively migrating cerebellar granule cells. Following this protocol, a factor of interest can be applied either in a gradient concentration by means of a micropipet located near the neuron, or in a homogeneous concentration by locally perfusing a certain region of the neuron. Time‐lapse images are taken to analyze changes in the speed and/or directionality of the observed neuron. Overall, the two protocols take more or less a day and a half to perform, and are a useful way to evaluate a certain factor/drug for its chemotactic activity or its capacity to alter migration speed. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 60:3.26.1‐3.26.12. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Direct Bisulfite Sequencing for Examination of DNA Methylation with Gene and Nucleotide Resolution from Brain Tissues
Authors: Parrish R. Ryley , Day Jeremy J. , Lubin Farah D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is essential for the development and mature function of the central nervous system. Due to the relevance of this modification to the transcriptional control of gene expression, it is often necessary to examine changes in DNA methylation patterns with both gene and single‐nucleotide resolution. Here, we describe an in‐depth basic protocol for direct bisulfite sequencing of DNA isolated from brain tissue, which will permit direct assessment of methylation status at individual genes as well as individual cytosine molecules/nucleotides within a genomic region. This method yields analysis of DNA methylation patterns that is robust, accurate, and reproducible, thereby allowing insights into the role of alterations in DNA methylation in brain tissue. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 60:7.24.1‐7.24.12. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enantioselective Cyanosilylation of Ketones with Amino Acid/BINAP/Ruthenium(II)‐Lithium Phenoxide Catalyst Systems
Authors: Uemura Masato , Kurono Nobuhito , Sakai Yusuke , Ohkuma Takeshi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEnantioselective reactions of simple ketones, α,α‐ and β,β‐dialkoxy ketones, and α‐alkoxy ketones with trimethylsilyl cyanide catalyzed by the bimetallic systems of amino acid/BINAP/ruthenium(II) complexes and lithium phenoxide have been studied [BINAP=2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl]. The Ru(PhGly)2(BINAP)‐lithium phenoxide system showed high enantioselectivity for the reaction of acetophenone derivatives to afford the cyanated products in up to 90% ee [PhGly=phenylglycinate]. For the cyanosilylation of dialkoxy ketones and α‐alkoxy ketones, the Ru(t‐Leu)2(BINAP)‐lithium phenoxide system exhibited the best catalyst performance to produce the cyanohydrin derivatives in up to 99% ee and 98% ee, respectively [t‐Leu=tert‐leucinate]. The excellent catalytic activity resulted in complete conversion in the reaction with a substrate‐to‐catalyst molar ratio (S/C) of 10,000 in the best cases.
Photochemically Induced Silylacylations of Alkynes with Acylsilanes
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Jun , Becker Peter , Huang He , Pirwerdjan Ramona , Pan Fang‐Fang , Bolm Carsten 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVisible light initiates the stereoselective formation of two new bonds, a CC and a CSi bond, during the addition of acylsilanes to alkynes. At room temperature this photochemically induced transformation can be applied for the preparation of chromone derivatives in a highly atom‐economic manner.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Polysubstituted Tetrahydropyridine and Piperidin‐4‐one‐3‐carboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Aeluri Raghunath , Alla Manjula , Bommena Vittal Rao , Murthy Ramalinga , Jain Nishant 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA highly atom‐economic one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of polysubstituted tetrahydropyridines (THPs) is described. The reaction of anilines, aromatic aldehydes, and β‐keto esters proceeds in the presence of catalytic amount of zirconium tetrachloride, and the products can be further converted to the corresponding piperidin‐4‐one‐3‐carboxylates under acidic conditions. The two sets of products were evaluated for their anticancer activity and some of these compounds, particularly the piperidin‐4‐one‐3‐carboxylates have significant anticancer activity.
Chirality Organization in Phenylenediamines Induced by a Nonpeptidic Reverse‐Turn
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Ohmura Satoshi D. , Morita Kenji , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe introduction of amino acid moieties into phenylenediamine derivatives is demonstrated to induce chirality in the π‐conjugated backbones and results in the formation of a nonpeptidic reverse‐turn conformation through intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The formation of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds plays an important role in the stabilization of the phenylenediamine radical cation, as the chirality‐organized structure is preserved through the intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The designed phenylenediamines have luminescent switching properties based on the redox states of the phenylenediamine moieties.
Dimethyl [(2R,3R,5S)‐5‐phenylmorpholine‐2,3‐diyl]diacetate as a Designer Substrate in the Syntheses of Important Heterocyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Gaikwad Amrut L. , Gadre Smita R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDesigned scaffold dimethyl [(2R,3R,5S)‐5‐phenylmorpholine‐2,3‐diyl]diacetate was synthesized in optically pure form by photoinduced one‐electron reductive β‐activation of an α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl moiety for stereoselective CC bond formation. Use of the morpholine derivative as a “chemical multitalent” isdemonstrated by its easy transformation to valuable heterocyclic building blocks such as methyl [(2R,3S)‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐oxopyrrolidin‐2‐yl]acetate, methyl [(2R,3S)‐3‐amino‐5‐oxotetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl]acetate, (3R,4S)‐4‐aminohexane‐1,3,6‐triol, and 2‐[(2R,3S)‐3‐aminotetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl]ethanol.
Synthesis of π‐Extended Coumarins and Evaluation of Their Precursors as Reactive Fluorescent Probes for Mercury Ions
Authors: Kim Inae , Kim Dokyoung , Sambasivan Sunderraman , Ahn Kyo Han 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn efficient synthetic route to π‐extended coumarin derivatives and their precursors that contain amino substituents has been developed. The synthesis involves monosubstitution of 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene with dimethylamine through the Bucherer reaction. The extended coumarins emit at much longer wavelengths and with higher quantum yields relative to a related coumarin. Two vinyl ethers, precursors of the extended coumarins, were prepared and evaluated as reactive probes for Hg2+ ions. The vinyl ethers undergo hydrolysis promoted by Hg2+ ions to produce the extended coumarins at physiological pH (pH 7.4) and room temperature, which is accompanied by fluorescence in the “turn‐on” mode. The vinyl ethers do not respond to various other metal species. The extended coumarins and their precursors are versatile sensing platforms for Hg2+ ions, as well as for the development of related reaction‐based sensing systems.
A pH‐controllable imprinted composite membrane for selective separation of podophyllotoxin and its analog
Authors: Cheng Huiling , Zhu Xiufang , Yang Shunxiang , Wu Yuxi , Cao Qiue , Ding Zhongtao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA molecularly imprinted composite membrane (MICM) with pH‐controllability and selectivity to podophyllotoxin (PPT) was prepared using a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane as the support. The functional monomer is 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐methacryloyl‐5‐pyrazolone (PMMP), which is a new β‐diketone compound with enol/ketol tautomerization. In this study, imprinting parameters, including the amounts of functional monomer and cross‐linker, and immersion time of membrane in the imprinting solution, were optimized by equilibrium adsorption experiments. Pore structure and surface morphology of the optimal MICM (MICM2) was characterized. Finally, competitive permeability of PPT in the presence of its analog 4′‐demethylpodophyllotoxin (DMEP) was measured under the drive of concentration difference. The results reveal that the surface morphology and pore structure of MICM2 are structurally different from those of the control nonimprinted membrane. As a result, MICM2 could efficiently recognize PPT in a complex system due to a better structural matching and the interaction between the functional groups of MICM2 and PPT. However, the most interesting finding is its pH‐controllability. The membrane could switch the preference to either PPT or DMEP with the change of pH values in the sample solution. At pH values smaller than 8.4, it led to a faster transportation of PPT, while the situation reversed to DMEP at pH values greater than 8.4. This peculiar property would lead this imprinted membrane to have potential application in the separation and enrichment of PPT, and the new functional monomer PMMP exhibited an attractive application prospect in the functional material fields. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Identification of the Secondary Follicle Cycle of Hexi Cashmere Goat
Authors: He Yanyu , Cheng Lixiang , Wang Jiqing , Liu Xiu , Luo Yuzhu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis experiment conducted to identify a periodic change of ultrastructures of secondary follicle characteristics during a whole year, reveal the molecule regulation of growth of cashmere. A total of 10 cashmere goats of 1‐year old were studied. The paraffin section and ultrathin slices of skin were made each month in a whole year, observed, photographed, and analyzed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope after stained. Following the development of down fiber, the ultrastructures of secondary follicle of Hexi cashmere goat showed a periodic change within a year. There were five different periods during a down fiber cycle. It was observed that the stage of telogen, proanagen, anagen, procatagen, and catagen was in January and February, March and April, May to August, September and October, and November and December, respectively. The key change observed in secondary follicle under transmission electron microscope was inner root sheath. This study illustrated the five different stage of secondary follicle of Hexi Cashmere goat within a whole growth cycle, and has provided more detailed information about the research field of Hexi cashmere goat. Choosing the suitable time to harvest the cashmere may get the profit maximization. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tragwerksentwurf, Konstruktion und statische Berechnung des “Echolotes”
Authors: Feyerabend Manfred 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDie Fachhochschule Koblenz präsentierte sich auf der BUGA 2011 in Koblenz mit dem “Echolot”, einem hölzernen Experimentalpavillon. Der freien und ungeordnet erscheinenden Form liegt ein ausgeklügeltes analytisches Konstruktionsprinzip zugrunde. Die Bearbeitung vom ersten Entwurf bis zur Visualisierung, statischen Berechnung und Erstellen der Ausführungszeichnungen erfolgte innerhalb einer durchgängigen digitalen Prozesskette.Anfang dieses Jahres wurde das Bauwerk mit dem “Holzbaupreis Rheinland‐Pfalz 2011” ausgezeichnet.Structural Design, Construction and Structural Analysis of the “Echolot”During the National Garden Show “BUGA 2011” in Koblenz the Koblenz University of Applied Sciences presented the in‐house designed wooden experimental pavilion “Echolot”. Basis of the free and seemingly unorganized outer appearance of the pavilion was a sophisticated analytical structural concept. The complete working process, beginning with the first design‐drawings, including visualization and structural analysis and finally the shop drawings based on a consistent digital workflow.The building was awarded with the “Holzbaupreis Rheinland‐Pfalz 2011” (the wooden structure award of Rhineland‐Palatinate 2011).
Erzielbare Detektionstiefen metallischer Reflektoren mit dem Impulsradarverfahren an Beton
Authors: Taffe Alexander , Feistkorn Sascha , Diersch Norman 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDas Impulsradarverfahren hat sich in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung im Bauwesen in den letzten Jahren etabliert. Mögliche Nutzer des Verfahrens sind oft daran interessiert, in einer ersten Abschätzung herauszufinden, ob Impulsradar bei ihrer Prüfaufgabe sinnvoll eingesetzt werden kann. Sofern die physikalischen Voraussetzungen für die Anwendbarkeit gegeben sind, ist danach die Machbarkeit von Interesse. Dazu ist die erzielbare Detektionstiefe von Bewehrungsstäben in Beton mit Radar von Bedeutung. In diesem Beitrag werden systematische Untersuchungen beschrieben, bei denen die erzielbare Detektionstiefe von Bewehrungsstäben in Betonbauteilen zunächst auf einfache Weise visuell quantifiziert wurde. Diese Untersuchungen wurden mit verschiedenen Antennenmittenfrequenzen durchgeführt. Dazu wurden Betonbauteile konzipiert, die bezüglich der Größen Einbautiefe, Bewehrung, Betonalter (Aushärtung des Betons) und Betonrezeptur variiert wurden. Am Ende stehen Kurven, aus denen die realistisch erzielbaren Detektionstiefen von Bewehrungsstäben in Beton in Abhängigkeit von Betonalter, Antennenmittenfrequenz und Betonsorte abgelesen werden können. Um den Einfluss der oberflächennahen Bewehrung und des Größtkorns der Gesteinskörnung auf die Detektionstiefen zu quantifizieren, sind tiefergehende Auswertungen mithilfe der POD(a)‐Analyse erforderlich. Die Ergebnisse dieser beiden Einflussgrößen sind als Teil einer umfangreichen Dissertation zum Thema POD hier dargestellt.Quantification of depth measurement for the detection of metal rebars using RadarAmong non‐destructive testing methods in civil‐engineering (NDT‐CE) Radar or GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) has been well established. As a first step the engineer has to make sure the chosen NDT‐method is applicable. When the physical requirements for an application are fulfilled the engineer wants to know up to what depth he might detect reinforcement bars. This article summarizes the results of systematic testing with radar at well‐defined test specimens with different concrete mixtures, rebars in various depths using different antenna frequencies for their detection. As a result simple detection curves allow the engineer to estimate the attainable detection depth of reinforcement bars depending on the concrete age, concrete mixture and antenna frequency. To quantify the influence of the reinforcement near the surface or the maximum grain size of the aggregate advanced data assessment using the theory of POD (Probability of Detection) is presented as part of a comprehensive PhD thesis.
Vergleich der rechnerischen Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Bestandsbrücken nach Eurocode 2 und fib Model Code 2010
Authors: Huber Patrick , Schweighofer Anton , Kollegger Johann , Brunner Helmut , Karigl Walter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDas ständig steigende Verkehrsaufkommen sowie die im Laufe der Jahre überarbeiteten Bemessungsnormen erfordern eine neue Beurteilung der angestrebten Nutzungsdauer bestehender Brücken. Die rechnerische Schubtragfähigkeit erweist sich hierbei in vielen Fällen als besonders problematisch. Im Zuge der Überarbeitung der österreichischen Nachrechnungsrichtlinie ONR 24008 “Bewertung der Tragfähigkeit bestehender Eisenbahn‐ und Straßenbrücken” wurden Vergleichsberechnungen bezüglich der rechnerischen Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Bestandsbrücken nach Eurocode 2 und fib Model Code 2010 durchgeführt. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse aus dem Vergleich zwischen fib Model Code 2010 und dem Eurocode 2 zusammen und erläutert die Besonderheiten der Berechnung der rechnerischen Querkrafttragfähigkeit gemäß fib Model Code 2010.Comparison of the calculative shear resistance of existing bridges according to Eurocode 2 and fib Model Code 2010Due to the constantly increasing traffic loads and the revised design approaches it becomes necessary to reassess the expected service life of existing bridges. In many cases the calculative shear resistance turns out to be particularly problematic. In the course of the revision of the Austrian Assessment Technical Regulation ONR 24008 “Evaluation of load capacity of existing railway and highway bridges” comparative calculations according to the shear carrying capacity of existing bridges conforming to Eurocode 2 and fib Model Code 2010 were carried out. The present paper summarizes the main results of the comparison between the fib Model Code 2010 and Eurocode 2 and explains characteristics of the calculations of the shear resistance according to fib Model Code 2010.
The characterization and quantitation of glycomic changes in CHO cells during a bioreactor campaign
Authors: Tep Samnang , Hincapie Marina , Hancock William S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWithin the biotechnology industry there is a continuous drive to better and more fully understand the biopharmaceutical process in order to achieve better process control. A method to monitor and quantitate glycomic changes that occur in CHO cells during a bioreactor campaign could help to address this. The goal of the method presented here is to provide data that may help to understand the changes in glycosylation that are occurring, within the cell, to proteins other than the expressed biotherapeutic. The method involves the lysing of cells to gain access to intracellular proteins. The expressed biotherapeutic is specifically removed by affinity chromatography, while the remaining proteins are subjected to deglycosylation by treatment with PNGase F. The released glycans are derivatized with isotopic tags, and quantitative analysis by MALDI‐TOF MS is performed. The MALDI‐TOF MS method allows for the simultaneous analysis of both neutral and sialylated glycans, displays a linear dynamic range over two orders of magnitude for both neutral and sialylated glycans and achieves sub‐picomolar sensitivity. This method may yield valuable information that gives further insight into the inner‐workings of CHO cells, potentially taking another step towards fully understanding and controlling the biopharmaceutical process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 3007–3017. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A genetic and metabolic approach to redirection of biochemical pathways of Clostridium butyricum for enhancing hydrogen production
Authors: Cai Guiqin , Jin Bo , Monis Paul , Saint Christopher 
Published: July 2012

AbstractClostridium butyricum, a well known H2 producing bacterium, produces lactate, butyrate, acetate, ethanol, and CO2 as its main by‐products from glucose. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate, butyrate and ethanol involves oxidation of NADH. It was hypothesized that the NADH could be increased if the formation of these by‐products could be eliminated, resulting in enhancing H2 yield. Herein, this study aimed to establish a genetic and metabolic approach for enhancing H2 yield via redirection of metabolic pathways of a C. butyricum strain. The ethanol formation pathway was blocked by disruption of aad (encoding aldehyde‐alcohol dehydrogenase) using a ClosTron plasmid. Although elimination of ethanol formation alone did not increase hydrogen production, the resulting aad‐deficient mutant showed approximately 20% enhanced performance in hydrogen production with the addition of sodium acetate. This work demonstrated the possibility of improving hydrogen yield by eliminating the unfavorable by‐products ethanol and lactate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 338–342. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arginine functionalization of hydrogels for heparin binding—a supramolecular approach to developing a pro‐angiogenic biomaterial
Authors: Gilmore Louisa , Rimmer Stephen , McArthur Sally L. , Mittar Shweta , Sun Dachau , MacNeil Sheila 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOur aim was to synthesize a biomaterial that stimulates angiogenesis for tissue engineering applications by exploiting the ability of heparin to bind and release vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The approach adopted involved modification of a hydrogel with positively charged peptides (oligolysine or oligoarginine) to achieve heparin binding. Precursor hydrogels were produced from copolymerization of N‐vinyl pyrolidone, diethylene glycol bis allyl carbonate and acrylic acid (PNDA) and functionalized after activation of the carboxylic acid groups with trilysine or triarginine peptides (PNDKKK and PNDRRR). Both hydrogels were shown to bind and release bioactive VEGF165 with arginine‐modified hydrogel outperforming the lysine‐modified hydrogel. Cytocompatibility of the hydrogels was confirmed in vitro with primary human dermal fibroblasts and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HUDMECs). Proliferation of HUDMECs was stimulated by triarginine‐functionalized hydrogels, and to a lesser extent by lysine functionalized hydrogels once loaded with heparin and VEGF. The data suggests that heparin‐binding hydrogels provide a promising approach to a pro‐angiogenic biomaterial. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 296–317. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimized keyframe extraction for 3D character animations
Authors: Jin Chao , Fevens Thomas , Mudur Sudhir 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a new method to automatically extract keyframes from animation sequences. Our method can be applied equally to both skeletal and mesh animations. It uses animation saliency computed on the original data to help select the group of keyframes that can reconstruct the input animation with less perception error. For computational efficiency, we perform nonlinear dimension reduction using locally linear embedding and then carry out the optimal search in much lower‐dimensional space. With this approach, reconstruction of the animation from the extracted keyframes shows much better results as compared with earlier approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[NiCl2(dppp)]‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Halides with Dialkyl Phosphite, Diphenylphosphine Oxide, and Diphenylphosphine
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Long , Wu Guo‐Jie , Li You , Gao Lian‐Xun , Han Fu‐She 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe present a general approach to CP bond formation through the cross‐coupling of aryl halides with a dialkyl phosphite, diphenylphosphine oxide, and diphenylphosphane by using [NiCl2(dppp)] as catalyst (dppp=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane). This catalyst system displays a broad applicability that is capable of catalyzing the cross‐coupling of aryl bromides, particularly a range of unreactive aryl chlorides, with various types of phosphorus substrates, such as a dialkyl phosphite, diphenylphosphine oxide, and diphenylphosphane. Consequently, the synthesis of valuable phosphonates, phosphine oxides, and phosphanes can be achieved with one catalyst system. Moreover, the reaction proceeds not only at a much lower temperature (100–120 °C) relative to the classic Arbuzov reaction (ca. 160–220 °C), but also without the need of external reductants and supporting ligands. In addition, owing to the relatively mild reaction conditions, a range of labile groups, such as ether, ester, ketone, and cyano groups, are tolerated. Finally, a brief mechanistic study revealed that by using [NiCl2(dppp)] as a catalyst, the NiII center could be readily reduced in situ to Ni0 by the phosphorus substrates due to the influence of the dppp ligand, thereby facilitating the oxidative addition of aryl halides to a Ni0 center. This step is the key to bringing the reaction into the catalytic cycle.