bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-17 Promotes Tumor Development through the Induction of Tumor Promoting Microenvironments at Tumor Sites and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: He Donggou , Li Hui , Yusuf Nabiha , Elmets Craig A. , Li Jun , Mountz John D. , Xu Hui 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The role of immune responses in tumor development is a central issue for tumor biology and immunology. IL-17 is an important cytokine for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although IL-17–producing cells are detected in cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice, the role of IL-17 in tumor development is controversial, and mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In the current study, we found that the development of tumors was inhibited in IL-17R–deficient mice. A defect in IFN-γR increased tumor growth, whereas tumor growth was inhibited in mice that were deficient in both IL-17R and IFN-γR compared with wild-type animals. Further experiments showed that neutralization of IL-17 by Abs inhibited tumor growth in wild-type mice, whereas systemic administration of IL-17 promoted tumor growth. The IL-17R deficiency increased CD8 T cell infiltration, whereas it reduced the infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumors. In contrast, administration of IL-17 inhibited CD8 T cell infiltration and increased MDSCs in tumors. Further analysis indicated that IL-17 was required for the development and tumor-promoting activity of MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice. These data demonstrate that IL-17–mediated responses promote tumor development through the induction of tumor-promoting microenvironments at tumor sites. IL-17–mediated regulation of MDSCs is a primary mechanism for its tumor-promoting effects. The study provides novel insights into the role of IL-17 in tumor development and has major implications for targeting IL-17 in treatment of tumors.
Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Splice Variants Are Defective Because of the Lack of Structural Support for the Catalytic Site
Authors: van Maldegem Febe , Jibodh R. Aarti , van Dijk Remco , Bende Richard J. , van Noesel Carel J. M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Recently, conflicting results were reported on the hypermutation activity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) splice variants. With the generation of single point mutations, we studied the structure-function relationship of the amino acids that are commonly absent from all described splice variants. The results from this analysis pointed to several amino acids that are required for class switch recombination (CSR), without perturbing cellular localization or nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. A defect in deaminase activity was found to underlie this CSR deficiency. Interestingly, the most debilitating mutations concentrated on hydrophobic amino acids, suggesting a structural role for this part of the protein. Indeed, by generating homologous amino acid replacements, CSR activity could be restored. These results are in agreement with recent reports on the protein structure of the AID homolog APOBEC3G, suggesting a similar protein composition. In addition, the findings underscore that AID splice variants are unlikely to have preservation of catalytic activity.
Aggressive behavior, related conduct problems, and variation in genes affecting dopamine turnover
Authors: Grigorenko Elena L. , DeYoung Colin G. , Eastman Maria , Getchell Marya , Haeffel Gerald J. , Klinteberg Britt af , Koposov Roman A. , Oreland Lars , Pakstis Andrew J. , Ponomarev Oleg A. , Ruchkin Vladislav V. , Singh Jay P. , Yrigollen Carolyn M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA number of dopamine‐related genes have been implicated in the etiology of violent behavior and conduct problems. Of these genes, the ones that code for the enzymes that influence the turnover of dopamine (DA) have received the most attention. In this study, we investigated 12 genetic polymorphisms in four genes involved with DA functioning (COMT, MAOA and MAOB, and DβH) in 179 incarcerated male Russian adolescents and two groups of matched controls: boys without criminal records referred to by their teachers as (a) “troubled‐behavior‐free” boys, n=182; and (b) “troubled‐behavior” boys, n=60. The participants were classified as (1) being incarcerated or not, (2) having the DSM‐IV diagnosis of conduct disorder (CD) or not, and (3) having committed violent or nonviolent crimes (for the incarcerated individuals only). The findings indicate that, although no single genetic variant in any of the four genes differentiated individuals in the investigated groups, various linear combinations (i.e., haplotypes) and nonlinear combinations (i.e., interactions between variants within and across genes) of genetic variants resulted in informative and robust classifications for two of the three groupings. These combinations of genetic variants differentiated individuals in incarceration vs. nonincarcerated and CD vs. no‐CD groups; no informative combinations were established consistently for the grouping by crime within the incarcerated individuals. This study underscores the importance of considering multiple rather than single markers within candidate genes and their additive and interactive combinations, both with themselves and with nongenetic indicators, while attempting to understand the genetic background of such complex behaviors as serious conduct problems. Aggr. Behav. 36:158–176, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of PEOlated Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles via Bioinspired Silification for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Tan Happy , Xue Jun Min , Shuter Borys , Li Xu , Wang John 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInspired by the biosilification process, a highly benign synthesis strategy is successfully developed to synthesize PEOlated Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (PEOFSN) at room temperature and near‐neutral pH. The success of such a strategy lies in the simultaneous encapsulation of Fe3O4 nanocrystals and silica precursors into the core of PEO‐based polymeric micelles. The encapsulation results in the formation of a silica shell being confined to the interface between the core and corona of the Fe3O4‐nanocrystal‐loaded polymeric micelles. Consequently, the surface of the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticle is intrinsically covered by a layer of free PEO chains, which enable the PEOFSN to be colloidally stable not only at room temperature, but also upon incubation in the presence of proteins under physiological conditions. In addition, the silica shell formation does not cause any detrimental effects to the encapsulated Fe3O4 nanocrystals with respect to their size, morphology, crystallinity, and magnetic properties, as shown by their physicochemical behavior. The PEOFSN are shown to be good candidates for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents as demonstrated by the high r2/r1 ratio with long‐term stability under high magnetic field, as well as the lack of cytotoxicity.
Solvent‐Stabilized Photoconductive Metal Phthalocyanine Nanoparticles: Preparation and Application in Single‐Layered Photoreceptors
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liang Dejian 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article features solvent‐stabilized nanoparticles of photoconductive metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) with small particle sizes and narrow size distributions, which are tractable building blocks for photoelectric devices. The preparation and stabilization mechanism of 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE)‐stabilized oxovanadium phthalocyanine (VOPc) and oxotitanium phthalocyanine (TiOPc) nanoparticles are discussed. It is found for the first time that the DCE‐stabilized TiOPc and VOPc nanoparticles are positively charged with zeta potentials of about +66 mV, which is ascribed to the electron transfer from the nanoparticles to DCE molecules. The excellent xerographic properties of the single‐layered photoreceptors based on TiOPc or VOPc nanoparticles and the charge transport mechanism of these photoreceptors are discussed. The strategy for further improving the xerographic properties of single‐layered photoreceptors is proposed.
Solar‐Energy Production and Energy‐Efficient Lighting: Photovoltaic Devices and White‐Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Poly(2,7‐fluorene), Poly(2,7‐carbazole), and Poly(2,7‐dibenzosilole) Derivatives
Authors: Beaupré Serge , Boudreault Pierre‐Luc T. , Leclerc Mario 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWorld energy needs grow each year. To address global warming and climate changes the search for renewable energy sources with limited greenhouse gas emissions and the development of energy‐efficient lighting devices are underway. This Review reports recent progress made in the synthesis and characterization of conjugated polymers based on bridged phenylenes, namely, poly(2,7‐fluorene)s, poly(2,7‐carbazole)s, and poly(2,7‐dibenzosilole)s, for applications in solar cells and white‐light‐emitting diodes. The main strategies and remaining challenges in the development of reliable and low‐cost renewable sources of energy and energy‐saving lighting devices are discussed.
Applications of Ultrasound to the Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Bang Jin Ho , Suslick Kenneth S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecent advances in nanostructured materials have been led by the development of new synthetic methods that provide control over size, morphology, and nano/microstructure. The utilization of high intensity ultrasound offers a facile, versatile synthetic tool for nanostructured materials that are often unavailable by conventional methods. The primary physical phenomena associated with ultrasound that are relevant to materials synthesis are cavitation and nebulization. Acoustic cavitation (the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid) creates extreme conditions inside the collapsing bubble and serves as the origin of most sonochemical phenomena in liquids or liquid‐solid slurries. Nebulization (the creation of mist from ultrasound passing through a liquid and impinging on a liquid‐gas interface) is the basis for ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) with subsequent reactions occurring in the heated droplets of the mist. In both cases, we have examples of phase‐separated attoliter microreactors: for sonochemistry, it is a hot gas inside bubbles isolated from one another in a liquid, while for USP it is hot droplets isolated from one another in a gas. Cavitation‐induced sonochemistry provides a unique interaction between energy and matter, with hot spots inside the bubbles of ∼5000 K, pressures of ∼1000 bar, heating and cooling rates of >1010 K s−1; these extraordinary conditions permit access to a range of chemical reaction space normally not accessible, which allows for the synthesis of a wide variety of unusual nanostructured materials. Complementary to cavitational chemistry, the microdroplet reactors created by USP facilitate the formation of a wide range of nanocomposites. In this review, we summarize the fundamental principles of both synthetic methods and recent development in the applications of ultrasound in nanostructured materials synthesis.
Multidimensional Architectures for Functional Optical Devices
Authors: Arpin Kevin A. , Mihi Agustin , Johnson Harley T. , Baca Alfred J. , Rogers John A. , Lewis Jennifer A. , Braun Paul V. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMaterials exhibiting multidimensional structure with characteristic lengths ranging from the nanometer to the micrometer scale have extraordinary potential for emerging optical applications based on the regulation of light–matter interactions via the mesoscale organization of matter. As the structural dimensionality increases, the opportunities for controlling light–matter interactions become increasingly diverse and powerful. Recent advances in multidimensional structures have been demonstrated that serve as the basis for three‐dimensional photonic‐bandgap materials, metamaterials, optical cloaks, highly efficient low‐cost solar cells, and chemical and biological sensors. In this Review, the state‐of‐the‐art design and fabrication of multidimensional architectures for functional optical devices are covered and the next steps for this important field are described.
One‐dimensional model of vacuum filtration of compressible flocculated suspensions
Authors: Stickland Anthony D. , de Kretser Ross G. , Scales Peter J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis work details the one‐dimensional modeling of the different processes that may occur during the vacuum filtration of compressible flocculated suspensions. Depending on the operating conditions of the applied pressure and the initial solids concentration relative to the material properties of the compressive yield stress and the effective capillary pressure at the air–liquid interface, the dewatering process undergoes a combination of cake formation, consolidation, and/or desaturation. Mathematical models for these processes based on the compressional rheology approach are presented and appropriate solution methods outlined. Results using customary material properties are given for different operating conditions to illustrate the three dewatering processes. This approach lays the theoretical basis for further work understanding two‐ and three‐dimensional effects during desaturation, such as cracking and wall detachment. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Natural rectorite mineral: A promising substitute of kaolin for in‐situ synthesis of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts
Authors: Wei Baoying , Liu Haiyan , Li Tiesen , Cao Liyuan , Fan Yu , Bao Xiaojun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFabrication of high‐performance fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts is suffering from the shortage of high‐quality kaolin that has long been used as matrix or starting material for synthesizing FCC catalysts. This work aimed at exploring the potential of rectorite, a natural aluminosilicate mineral, to substitute kaolin for preparing FCC catalysts through in‐situ synthesis technique. The physicochemical properties of a rectorite mineral, including its chemical composition, structure, thermal behavior, and chemical reactivity, were systemically investigated and compared with those of commercial kaolin. The results showed that the rectorite mineral suitably treated could substitute kaolin for synthesizing FCC catalysts. Moreover, we had shown that a hydrothermally stable ZSM‐5/rectorite composite in which ZSM‐5 crystals of ca. 2 μm in size were overgrown on preformed rectorite substrate could be synthesized using the rectorite mineral calcined at 800°C as raw material. When used as FCC additive, the obtained ZSM‐5/rectorite composite demonstrated enhanced light olefin (ethylene and propylene) yields. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Comparative study of hydrogen, argon, and xenon uptake into a propane hydrate
Authors: Abbondondola Joanne A. , Fleischer Everly B. , Janda Kenneth C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe rate of absorption of hydrogen, argon, and xenon into a Type II propane clathrate hydrate has been studied. The propane hydrate is synthesized from 250‐μm ice grains, is estimated to have a porosity of 65% and has roughly the consistency of chalk. Hydrogen is rapidly absorbed by the hydrate sample and approaches the equilibrium vapor pressure in an hour before a very slow residual absorption process ensues. For an initial hydrogen pressure of 1.5 MPa, about 4.5% of the available 512 cages are occupied by hydrogen after 1 h, and 4.9% after 18 h. In contrast, for both argon and xenon significantly more gas is absorbed by the hydrate but at a much slower rate: about 5% as fast for xenon and 1% as fast for argon. We conclude that hydrogen readily diffuses through the propane hydrate microcrystal structure, while argon and xenon are probably absorbed by growing new double hydrate while consuming the propane hydrate. Although considerably higher pressures would be required to store significant quantities of hydrogen in propane hydrate, it appears that the crystal can be loaded and emptied in relatively short times. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
The application of in situ formed mixed iron oxides in the removal of strontium and actinides from nuclear tank waste
Authors: Arafat H. A. , Aase S. B. , Bakel A. J. , Bowers D. L. , Gelis A. V. , Regalbuto M. C. , Vandegrift G. F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article discusses the experimental program conducted at Argonne National Laboratory to study the performance of in situ formed mixed iron oxides (IS‐MIO) for the removal of strontium (Sr), plutonium (Pu), neptunium (Np), uranium (U), and americium (Am) from the Savannah River Site (SRS) radioactive tank waste. The boundaries for the experimental work were defined in collaboration with SRS. IS‐MIO was actually found to be a mixture of Fe(II) and Fe(III) oxides and hydroxides, including magnetite. Decontamination factor (DF) values were measured for both IS‐MIO and monosodium titanate (MST), the baseline sorbent used by SRS. DF values for IS‐MIO were found to be superior to MST for all isotopes studied. DF values for Pu, Np, and Sr, achieved within 30 min of IS‐MIO formation were orders of magnitude larger than the needed values. DF values for U and Am were less than the former three but still acceptable, and greater than MST. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
An interspecific analysis of relative jaw‐joint height in primates
Authors: Armfield Brooke A. , Vinyard Christopher J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractJaw‐joint height (JJH) above the occlusal plane is thought to be influenced by cranial base angle (CBA) and facial angulation during growth. To better understand how JJH relates to midline craniofacial form, we test the hypothesis that relative increases in JJH are correlated with increasing CBA flexion and facial kyphosis (i.e., ventral bending) across primates. We compared JJH above the occlusal plane to CBA and the angle of facial kyphosis (AFK) across adults from 82 species. JJH scales with positive allometry relative to a skull geometric mean in anthropoids and most likely strepsirrhines. Anthropoid regressions for JJH are elevated above strepsirrhines, whereas catarrhines exhibit a higher slope than platyrrhines. Semipartial correlations between relative JJH and both CBA and AFK show no association across a small strepsirrhine sample, limited associations among catarrhines and anthropoids, but strong correlations in platyrrhines. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, increases in relative JJH are correlated with relatively less flexed basicrania and more airorhynch faces (i.e., reduced ventral bending) in platyrrhines. The mosaic pattern of relationships involving JJH across primate clades points to multiple influences on JJH across primates. In clades showing little association with basicranial and facial angles, such as strepsirrhines, the potential morphological independence of JJH may facilitate a relative freedom for evolutionary changes related to masticatory function. Finally, failure to associate relative JJH and basicranial flexion in most clades suggests that the relatively taller JJH and more flexed basicrania of anthropoids compared to strepsirrhines may have evolved as an isolated event during the origin of anthropoids. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:519–530, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anion Binding of N‐(o‐Methoxybenzamido)thioureas: Contribution of the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond in the N‐Benzamide Moiety
Authors: Jiang Qian‐Qian , Darhkijav Burenkhangai , Liu Hao , Wang Fang , Li Zhao , Jiang Yun‐Bao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractN‐(o‐Methoxybenzamido)thioureas (2 X/2 Y) are found to show an enhanced anion binding affinity with binding constants over 107 mol−1 L orders of magnitude for AcO− and a redshifted absorption of the anion binding complexes in acetonitrile (MeCN) relative to those of N‐benzamidothioureas (1) that bear no o‐OMe in the N‐benzamide moiety, despite the electron‐donating character of o‐OMe. Absorption of the anion–2 X/2 Y complex was shown to be of the same charge‐transfer nature as that of the anion–1 complex, but its dependence on substituent X is interestingly influenced by the o‐MeO⋅⋅⋅HNCO six‐membered‐ring intramolecular hydrogen bond identified in 2 X/2 Y. Such an intramolecular hydrogen bond is suggested to be responsible for the enhanced anion binding affinity. In the presence of this intramolecular hydrogen bond, the anion binding constant of 2 X was found to be independent of substituent X at the N‐phenyl ring, as in the case of 1, whereas that of 2 Y showed an amplified dependence on substituent Y at the N′‐phenyl ring, but to a lower extent than that of 1. A similar ring intramolecular hydrogen bond was purported to exist in 2 Za, 2 Zd, and 2 Ze, which bear NHMe, F, and Cl as the ortho substituent in the N‐benzamide moiety. In terms of the current roles of thiourea in not only anion recognition and sensing but also organocatalysis and crystal engineering, the present finding would be of significance for a wider structural diversity of smart thiourea derivatives with predesigned functions.
Embryonic systems implementation with FPGA‐based artificial cell network hardware architectures
Authors: Szász Csaba , Chindriş Virgil , Husi Géza 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe cell‐based structure, which makes up the majority of biological organisms, offers the ability to grow with fault‐tolerance abilities and self‐repair. By adapting these mechanisms and capabilities to nature, scientific approaches have promoted research for understanding related phenomena and associated principles to engine complex novel digital systems and improve their capability. Founded by these observations, the paper is focused on computer‐aided modeling, simulation and experimental research of embryonic systems, with the purpose to implement very large scale integrated hardware structures which are able to imitate cells or artificial organism operation mode, with similar robustness and fault‐tolerance properties like their biological equivalents from nature. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)‐based artificial cell model configuration provided with strongly network communication capabilities is proposed and developed. The presented theoretical and simulation approaches were tested on a laboratory prototype embryonic system (embryonic machine), for study and implementation of basic abilities of living organisms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Strongly autonomous interconnections and stabilization of 2D behaviors
Authors: Napp Diego , Rocha Paula 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this paper we study linear discrete two‐dimensional systems in the behavioral context where control is viewed as interconnection. Within this framework the natural concept of regular interconnection has been introduced by J.C.Willems. Here we investigate regular interconnections that yield finite dimensional behaviors using tools previously developed to analyze almost implementation problems. We prove that when a finite dimensional (sub‐) behavior can be achieved from a given behavior by regular interconnection then the controllable part of the original behavior is rectifiable, moreover, in this case all the other sub‐behaviors are almost regularly implementable. We apply these results to characterize all stabilizable behaviors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society