bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Pareto optimisation for tuning power system stabilizers
Authors: Paszek S. 
Published: April 2012

Use of Pareto optimisation for tuning power system stabilizers
The paper presents a method for determining sets of Pareto optimal solutions (compromise sets) - parameter values of PSS3B system stabilizers working in a multi-machine power system - when optimising different multidimensional criteria. These criteria are determined for concrete disturbances when taking into account transient waveforms of the instantaneous power, angular speed and terminal voltage of generators in one, chosen generating unit or in all units of the system analysed. The application of multi-criteria methods allows taking into account the optimisation process of power system stabilizer (PSS) parameters, many sometimes contradictory requirements (criteria) without losing ability to reach the optimal solution. A choice of the compromise solution can be made by assuming the values of the weighting coefficients associated with particular components of the vector criterion and determining the equivalent, global criterion. A change of the values of those weighting coefficients in the equivalent criterion does not require, in the case of the Pareto optimization, carrying out repeated calculations.
Investment Risk Management and Economic Aspects of Transport Infrastructure Development
Authors: Labanauskas Gintautas , Palšaitis Ramūnas 
Published: April 2012

Investment Risk Management and Economic Aspects of Transport Infrastructure Development

The major causes of investment riskiness into transport infrastructure relate to international economy instability, lack of clearly defined and accurate information on the overall processes of international intermodal transportation, absence of objective information due to inconsequent market research as regards interpretation of economic, political and other aspects.
Assessment of objective integrated investments into public transport sector as a very specific branch of economy should necessarily be evaluated as multiple indicators affecting different spheres of community, and the final solution should be drawn when all multi-criteria indicators are well appraised. Economy based grounding of the optimal choice from all possible variants when solving specific tasks of the transport sector, depends on the economic expediency of the constructed subject. The main factors of effective usage of investments become apparent in the process of solving the task of road or railway network development optimisation.
Multiple-Criteria Analysis and Choice of Transportation Alternatives in Multimodal Freight Transport System
Authors: Kopytov Eugene , Abramov Dmitry 
Published: April 2012

Multiple-Criteria Analysis and Choice of Transportation Alternatives in Multimodal Freight Transport System
In the paper the multimodal freight transportation system with a finite number of known alternatives, defined by the routes and modes, is considered. The objective of research is to suggest the approach for evaluation and choice the alternatives of cargo transportation. The following main tasks are considered: choice of indices characterizing efficiency of multimodal transportations, formation of optimization criteria of the multimodal freight transportation, construction of the model of the multimodal transportation system, calculation the performance criteria of cargo transportation. The study presents the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as the most suitable approach for comparative evaluation of different routes and modes of cargo transportation.
Morphometrical structure evaluation of long-term manured Ukrainian chernozem
Authors: Bryk M. , Słowińska-Jurkiewicz A. , Medvedev V. 
Published: April 2012

Morphometrical structure evaluation of long-term manured Ukrainian chernozem
There was performed an image analysis of the structure of Ukrainian chernozem, which (I) by standard crop rotation was fertilized for 78 years with farm yard manure and (II) by continuous cultivation of sugar beet was not organically fertilized. For the both soils the largest differences were stated in the values of morphometrical parameters related to the soil solid phase element cross-sections. The differences in the parameters for pore cross-sections were much smaller. The soil I was characterized on average with larger macroporosity, larger relative and absolute number of solid phase element cross-sections, and larger relative length of border line between pore and solid phase element cross-sections than the soil II. For the both pedons the pore and solid phase element cross-sections were in general randomly oriented in the soil body. Due to the kneading the pore cross-sections in the superficial layer of the soil after monoculture of sugar beet were oriented horizontally. The soil structure in the corresponding layers of both pedons was to a high degree dissimilar. The largest differences in the arrangement of the soil solid phase and void space occurred in the upper layers.
Evaluation of single-kernel density of scab-damaged winter wheat
Authors: Grabowski A. , Siuda R. , Lenc L. , Grundas S. 
Published: April 2012

Evaluation of single-kernel density of scab-damaged winter wheatMeasurements of single-kernel mass and volume made on healthy (control) and scab-damaged samples of grain of three winter wheat varieties never resulted in lower values of mean single-kernel density for scab-damaged grain. This finding, contrary to common opinion, can be explained as being a result of the comparable magnitude of relative decrease (due to infestation) of two features (mass and volume) that define single-kernel density. The discrepancy between results presented in this paper (kernel volume was determined with an air pycnometer) and the results in some other reports (liquid pycnometers used) can result from the different methods applied for kernel volume measurements: when a liquid medium is used the surface tension effect tends to overestimate the volume, especially for scabby kernels that are known to be shrivellediepossessing voids and pores at the surface that the liquid cannot penetrate. As a consequence kernel density of scabby kernels can be significantly underestimated.
Rheological behaviour of enzyme clarified Indian gooseberry juice
Authors: Manjuantha S. , Raju P. , Bawa A. 
Published: April 2012

Rheological behaviour of enzyme clarified Indian gooseberry juiceThe rheological behaviour of enzyme clarified depectinated Indian gooseberry juice and its concentrate was studied as a function of total soluble solids concentration in the range of 8.2 to 35.9°Bx and temperatures from 20 to 80°C using coaxial controlled stress rheometer up to a shear rate of 600 s-1. The results indicated that the enzyme clarified gooseberry juice behaves like a Newtonian fluid with a viscosity ranging from 3.92 to 7.94 mPa s. The effect of temperature on viscosity of different concentration of juice was described by an Arrhenius type relationship (R >0.99). The activation energy for viscous flow was found to be in the range 4.34 to 5.37 KJ mol-1depending upon the concentration of the juice. The activation energy of viscous flow on concentration was modeled by exponential equation (R>0.99). The effect of concentration on viscosity followed an exponential type relationship (R>0.98) at the temperature used.
Dielectric spectroscopy in agrophysics
Authors: Skierucha W. , Wilczek A. , Szypłowska A. 
Published: April 2012

Dielectric spectroscopy in agrophysicsThe paper presents scientific foundation and some examples of agrophysical applications of dielectric spectroscopy techniques. The aim of agrophysics is to apply physical methods and techniques for studies of materials and processes which occur in agriculture. Dielectric spectroscopy, which describes the dielectric properties of a sample as a function of frequency, may be successfully used for examinations of properties of various materials. Possible test materials may include agrophysical objects such as soil, fruit, vegetables, intermediate and final products of the food industry, grain, oils,etc. Dielectric spectroscopy techniques enable non-destructive and non-invasive measurements of the agricultural materials, therefore providing tools for rapid evaluation of their water content and quality. There is a limited number of research in the field of dielectric spectroscopy of agricultural objects, which is caused by the relatively high cost of the respective measurement equipment. With the fast development of modern technology, especially in high frequency applications, dielectric spectroscopy has great potential of expansion in agrophysics, both in cognitive and utilitarian aspects.
Fourier transform infrared - attenuated total reflection for wheat grain
Authors: Suchowilska E. , Kandler W. , Wiwart M. , Krska R. 
Published: April 2012

Fourier transform infrared - attenuated total reflection for wheat grain
Mid-infrared regions of the spectrum of grain of four Triticum species were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared - attenuated total reflection. Significant variations were noted in the absorbance of all studied taxa over four wavenumber ranges. The principal component analysis supported strong discrimination of the four examined species. The percentage of variation explained by the first two principal component analyses reached 95.04%, including principal components 1-72.16% and 2-22.88%. The applied method supports quick identification of the grains of various hulled species of wheat and it is a useful tool for evaluating the seeds and food products obtained from those cereal species.
Rupture rate for patients with untreated unruptured intracranial aneurysms in South Korea during 2006–2009
Authors: Lee Eun Ju , Lee Hyun Joo , Hyun Min Kyung , Choi Ji Eun , Kim Jong Hee , Lee Na Rae , Hwang Jin Seub , Kwon Jin-Won 
Published: April 2012

Object
The authors investigated the rupture rate among patients with untreated unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in South Korea during 2006–2009.

Methods
A longitudinal study using national representative health-claim data, including all hospital records for every Korean citizen, was used. Patients with a UIA who were 18–80 years old in 2006 were identified using the I67.1 ICD-10 code. To select eligible patients, a historical period of 1 year prior to the first diagnosis of a UIA in 2006 was utilized. Patients with a previous UIA diagnosis, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), or treatments, such as clipping or coiling, during the historical period were excluded from analysis. Patients with head trauma or a brain tumor during the historical period were also excluded. Eligible patients were followed up for at least 3 years from the index date. Rupture was defined as SAH events with at least 14 days of hospitalization, using the I60 ICD-10 code and excluding the I60.8 code, or death within 14 days of hospitalization.

Results
Seven thousand four hundred four patients with UIAs were identified, including 1441 treated patients (20%) and 5963 untreated patients (80%), with a median follow-up of 3.3 years. Rupture events occurred in 163 (0.9 cases/100 person-years) of the 5963 untreated patients. The rupture rate was highest in the 1st year after UIA diagnosis. An older age was a risk factor for rupture among patients with UIAs.

Conclusions
The overview of the incidence of rupture indicates the need for a preventive strategy and future studies to prevent rupture in Asian patients with UIAs.
Long-term benefits in quality of life after unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor
Authors: Nazzaro Jules M. , Pahwa Rajesh , Lyons Kelly E. 
Published: April 2012

Object
The goal of this study was to evaluate short- and long-term benefits in quality of life (QOL) after unilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor (ET).

Methods
Patients who received unilateral DBS of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus between 1997 and 2010 and who had at least 1 follow-up evaluation at least 1 year after surgery were included. Their QOL was assessed with the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), and ET was measured with the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale (TRS) prior to surgery and then postoperatively with the stimulation in the on mode.

Results
Ninety-one patients (78 at 1 year; 42 at 2–7 years [mean 4 years]; and 22 at > 7–12 years [mean 9 years]) were included in the analysis. The TRS total, targeted tremor, and activities of daily living (ADL) scores were significantly improved compared with presurgical scores up to 12 years. The PDQ-39 ADL, emotional well-being, stigma, and total scores were significantly improved up to 7 years after surgery compared with presurgical scores. At the longest follow-up, only the PDQ-39 stigma score was significantly improved, and the PDQ-39 mobility score was significantly worsened.

Conclusions
Unilateral thalamic stimulation significantly reduces ET and improves ADL scores for up to 12 years after surgery, as measured by the TRS. The PDQ-39 total score and the domains of ADL, emotional well-being, and stigma were significantly improved up to 7 years. Although scores were improved compared with presurgery, other than stigma, these benefits did not remain significant at the longest (up to 12 years) follow-up, probably related in part to changes due to aging and comorbidities.
Anatomical parameters of subaxial percutaneous transfacet screw fixation based on the analysis of 50 computed tomography scans
Authors: Milchteim Charles , Yu Warren D. , Ho Anthony , O'Brien Joseph R. 
Published: April 2012

Object
Cervical transfacet screw placement has been described in the literature. Although the technique shows promise for percutaneous application, parameters for screw placement have not been well delineated. This study used reconstructed CT scans with imaging software to assess the feasibility of percutaneous transfacet screw placement, analyzing potential entry angles, transfacet lengths, and sex differences at each subaxial level.

Methods
Fifty consecutive cervical CT scans (obtained in 26 males and 24 females [mean age 41.5 years]) were reformatted using OsiriX software, and transfacet lengths, entry angles, and potential occipital clearance were analyzed at all subaxial levels. Statistical analyses were used to determine the differences, if any, between transfacet lengths, entry angle, and occipital clearance across individual cervical levels. Repeatability was quantified by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cohen kappa value.

Results
A total of 200 transfacet lengths and 200 entry angles in 50 patients were analyzed. The mean transfacet lengths were 17.9 ± 2.6, 17.6 ± 3.2, 16.3 ± 3.6, and 13.1 ± 2.2 mm at C3–4, C4–5, C5–6, and C6–7, respectively, with mean entry angles at 52.7° ± 7.8°, 56.5° ± 8.0°, 55.0° ± 8.8°, and 53.0° ± 8.7°, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the mean transfacet lengths, while post hoc analysis revealed significantly larger transfacet lengths in the upper 2 cervical levels (C3–4 and C4–5) than in the lower 2 cervical levels (C5–6 and C6–7). Analysis of variance demonstrated no significant difference between the entry angles. Males had significantly larger transfacet lengths at C5–6 (17.4 vs 15.1 mm) and C6–7 (13.7 vs 12.4 mm) than females. The occiput would have blocked percutaneous screw placement in 86%, 78%, 54%, and 20% of the cases at C3–4, C4–5, C5–6, and C6–7, respectively. Transfacet lengths may accommodate longer screws in the upper cervical spine, but potential screw sizes decrease in the lower subaxial levels. A transfacet entry angle of approximately 50° or greater was associated with a higher incidence of occipital clearance. Additionally, the occiput may pose a significant obstruction to percutaneous transfacet fixation in upper subaxial levels. Interrater reliability was poor for screw angle and length measurements, but was satisfactory in intrarater analysis in 6 of 8 measurements. There was moderate to good agreement of occipital clearance in all but one measurement.

Conclusions
Cervical transfacet screw placement is possible from C-3 to C-7. Because occipital clearance can be difficult at C3–4 and C6–7, the use of curved or flexible instruments may be necessary to obtain the appropriate screw trajectory. Screw lengths varied with spinal level and the sex of the patient.
Biomechanical analysis in a human cadaveric model of spinous process fixation with an interlaminar allograft spacer for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Pradhan Ben B. , Turner Alexander W. L. , Zatushevsky Michael A. , Cornwall G. Bryan , Rajaee Sean S. , Bae Hyun W. 
Published: April 2012

Object
Traditional posterior pedicle screw fixation is well established as the standard for spinal stabilization following posterior or posterolateral lumbar fusion. In patients with lumbar spinal stenosis requiring segmental posterior instrumented fusion and decompression, interlaminar lumbar instrumented fusion (ILIF) is a potentially less invasive alternative with reduced morbidity and includes direct decompression assisted by an interlaminar allograft spacer stabilized by a spinous process plate. To date, there has been no biomechanical study on this technique. In the present study the biomechanical properties of the ILIF construct were evaluated using an in vitro cadaveric biomechanical analysis, and the results are presented in comparison with other posterior fixation techniques.

Methods
Eight L1–5 cadaveric specimens were subjected to nondestructive multidirectional testing. After testing the intact spine, the following conditions were evaluated at L3–4: bilateral pedicle screws, bilateral laminotomy, ILIF, partial laminectomy, partial laminectomy plus unilateral pedicle screws, and partial laminectomy plus bilateral screws. Intervertebral motions were measured at the index and adjacent levels.

Results
Bilateral pedicle screws without any destabilization provided the most rigid construct. In flexion and extension, ILIF resulted in significantly less motion than the intact spine (p < 0.05) and no significant difference from the laminectomy with bilateral pedicle screws (p = 0.76). In lateral bending, there was no statistical difference between ILIF and laminectomy with unilateral pedicle screws (p = 0.11); however, the bilateral screw constructs were more rigid (p < 0.05). Under axial rotation, ILIF was not statistically different from laminectomy with unilateral or bilateral pedicle screws or from the intact spine (p > 0.05). Intervertebral motions adjacent to ILIF were typically lower than those adjacent to laminectomy with bilateral pedicle screws.

Conclusions
Stability of the ILIF construct was not statistically different from bilateral pedicle screw fixation following laminectomy in the flexion and extension and axial rotation directions, while adjacent segment motions were decreased. The ILIF construct may allow surgeons to perform a minimally invasive, single-approach posterior decompression and instrumented fusion without the added morbidity of traditional pedicle screw fixation and posterolateral fusion.
Snow density along the route traversed by the Japanese-Swedish Antarctic Expedition 2007/08
Authors: Sugiyama Shin , Enomoto Hiroyuki , Fujita Shuji , Fukui Kotaro , Nakazawa Fumio , Holmlund Per , Surdyk Sylviane 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDuring the Japanese-Swedish Antarctic traverse expedition of 2007/08, we measured the surface snow density at 46 locations along the 2800 km long route from Syowa station to Wasa station in East Antarctica. The mean snow density for the upper 1 (or 0.5) m layer varied from 333 to 439 kg m-3 over a region spanning an elevation range of 365-3800 ma.s.l. The density variations were associated with the elevation of the sampling sites; the density decreased as the elevation increased, moving from the coastal region inland. However, the density was relatively insensitive to the change in elevation along the ridge on the Antarctic plateau between Dome F and Kohnen stations. Because surface wind is weak in this region, irrespective of elevation, the wind speed was suggested to play a key role in the near-surface densification. The results of multiple regression performed on the density using meteorological variables were significantly improved by the inclusion of wind speed as a predictor. The regression analysis yielded a linear dependence between the density and the wind speed, with a coefficient of 13.5 kg m-3 (m s-1)-1. This relationship is nearly three times stronger than a value previously computed from a dataset available in Antarctica. Our data indicate that the wind speed is more important to estimates of the surface snow density in Antarctica than has been previously assumed.
« Composer avec les ombres »
Authors: Mosca Francesca , Sarfaty Jacques 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Ce texte illustre un programme d’aide à la parentalité et de soutien au développement de l’enfant à travers le cas d’une famille dont la mère est psychotique. Le suivi, à la consultation parents-bébés du Petit Moulin de Créteil, a commencé avant même la conception de l’enfant et se poursuivra jusqu’à ses 3 ans. L’article reprend le questionnement des professionnels tout au long d’un cheminement difficile qui s’adresse aussi bien aux difficultés des parents qu’aux aléas du développement de l’enfant dans ce contexte.
Enfants de mère schizophrène : quel devenir ?
Authors: Bayle Benoît 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les enfants de mère schizophrène souffrent communément de stigmatisation, d’isolement, de carence affective. Entre discussions sur les forums Internet, études épidémiologiques et présentations de concepts spécifiques, par exemple la notion d’hypermaturation, l’article aborde quelques aspects des devenirs possibles de ces enfants et reprend une question qui depuis Winnicott n’a cessé d’interpeller les professionnels de la psychiatrie infantile : quels sont les risques psychologiques ou psychiatriques qu’encourent les enfants de parent(s) psychotique(s) ?
L'adolescent consommateur de cannabis, sa famille et la justice
Authors: Hachet Pascal 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cette réflexion examine l’impact familial des situations où l’autorité judiciaire porte à la connaissance des parents l’existence d’une consommation de cannabis par leur enfant. De plus en plus fréquemment, l’adolescent et ses parents sont alors orientés par la justice vers une structure de prévention des toxicomanies : un « point-écoute ». On observe que d’une manière simultanée, l’intervention judiciaire désigne une transgression advenue et restaure les parents dans leurs capacités tant à entourer affectivement l’adolescent qu’à lui poser des limites. Au demeurant, des entretiens de « guidance » aident ces familles à « survivre » psychiquement aux irréductibles réalités devant lesquelles elles sont placées : l’adolescent n’est pas tout-puissant ; son acte transgressif montre à ses parents qu’il a commencé à leur échapper dans ses efforts pour grandir.