bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraine and risk of incident diabetes in women: A prospective study
Authors: Burch Rebecca C , Rist Pamela M , Winter Anke C , Buring Julie E , Pradhan Aruna D , Loder Elizabeth W , Kurth Tobias 
Published: July 2012

Background: Previous cross-sectional studies evaluating the relationship between diabetes prevalence and migraine status have found conflicting results. We examined the relationship between migraine and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a cohort of adult women. Methods: Prospective cohort study conducted among participants in the Women’s Health Study who provided information on migraine and did not have diabetes at baseline. Our four exposure groups were migraine with aura, migraine without aura, past history of migraine and no history of migraine. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the hazard ratio for incident T2D. Results: Among the 38,620 women included in this study, 5062 (13.1%) women had migraine, of whom 2014 (39.8%) reported migraine with aura, and 2087 (5.4%) women had a past history of migraine. During a mean of 14.6 years of follow-up, there were 3032 cases of incident T2D. After adjustment for confounders, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for developing diabetes was 1.06 (0.91–1.24) for women with migraine with aura, 1.01 (0.89–1.16) for women with migraine without aura, and 1.13 (0.98–1.30) for women with a past history of migraine compared with women with no history of migraine. Conclusion: Results of this prospective study in women do not support an association between migraine and incident T2D.
Habituation of the nociceptive blink reflex in episodic and chronic cluster headache
Authors: Holle Dagny , Zillessen Silke , Gaul Charly , Naegel Steffen , Kaube Holger , Diener Hans-Christoph , Katsarava Zaza , Obermann Mark 
Published: July 2012

Background: Analysis of habituation patterns in patients with primary headache disorders allows the detection of changes to the excitability level of the trigeminal nociceptive system. Previous studies demonstrated a habituation deficit to painful stimuli in migraine and it was suggested that similar observations could be made in cluster headache (CH). Methods: Habituation of the “nociceptive” blink reflex (nBR) (R2 response) was studied in 66 CH patients (18 episodic CH inside bout, 28 episodic CH outside bout, 20 chronic CH) as well as in 30 healthy controls in a case-control study design. Results: Habituation behaviour was similar in CH and healthy controls as well as in CH subtypes. No side-to-side differences of habituation between headache side and non-headache side were detected. Conclusion: Our results did not detect an altered habituation in CH patients. Despite clinical similarities, migraine and CH seem not to share the same pathophysiological mechanisms in this regard.
Low rate of self-awareness and medical recognition of migraine in Germany
Authors: Radtke A , Neuhauser H 
Published: July 2012

Objective: The study’s objective was to assess self-awareness and medical recognition of migraine and their determinants in Germany. Methods: We conducted a nationally representative study of the general population of Germany ( N = 7341, aged ≥18 years) by means of computer-assisted telephone interviews. Migraine was diagnosed based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition (ICDH-II). Results: Twelve-month prevalence of ICHD-II-migraine was 10.6% (women 15.6%, men 5.3%). Seventy percent of ICDH-II-migraineurs recognised their headaches as migraine (moderate agreement between ICDH-II and self-diagnosis, κ = 0.46). Only 42% of migraineurs consulted a physician in the previous 12 months. Of those, 63% reported a medical diagnosis of migraine (moderate agreement, κ = 0.40). Women were more likely to be self-aware (odds ratio [OR] 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–2.60), but the difference was no longer significant when adjusting for migraine features. Physician recognition was more likely in patients with higher educational level (high vs. low education OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.43–10.61 after adjusting for migrainous features). Best predictors for self-awareness and medical recognition of migraine were typical migraine accompaniments and greater headache intensity. Conclusion: Self-awareness and physician recognition of migraine are low in Germany. Presence of typical migraine features and greater headache intensity facilitate medical recognition and awareness of migraine, especially in females.
Midterm Results of a Combined Biological and Mechanical Approach for the Treatment of a Complex Knee Lesion
Authors: Filardo G. , Di Martino A. , Kon E. , Delcogliano M. , Marcacci M. 
Published: July 2012

Objective: Complex fractures of the tibial plateau are difficult to treat and present a high complication rate. The goal of this report is to describe a combined biological and mechanical approach to restore all morphological and functional knee properties. Methods: We treated a 50-year-old woman, who was affected by a posttraumatic osteochondral lesion and depression of the lateral tibial plateau with knee valgus deviation. The mechanical axis was corrected with a lateral tibial plateau elevation osteotomy, the damaged joint surface was replaced by a recently developed biomimetic osteochondral scaffold, and a hinged dynamic external fixator was applied to protect the graft and at the same time to allow postoperative joint mobilization. Results: A marked clinical improvement was documented at 12 months and further improved up to 5 years, with pain-free full range of motion and return to previous activities. The MRI evaluation at 12 and 24 months showed that the implant remained in site with a hyaline-like signal and restoration of the articular surface. Conclusion: This case report describes a combined surgical approach for complex knee lesions that could represent a treatment option to avoid or at least delay posttraumatic osteoarthritis and more invasive procedures.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine by mid-age women with back pain: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Broom Alex F , Kirby Emma R , Sibbritt David W , Adams Jon , Refshauge Kathryn M 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased significantly in Australia over the past decade. Back pain represents a common context for CAM use, with increasing utilisation of a wide range of therapies provided within and outside conventional medical facilities. We examine the relationship between back pain and use of CAM and conventional medicine in a national cohort of mid-aged Australian women.

Methods
Data is taken from a cross-sectional survey (n = 10492) of the mid-aged cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health, surveyed in 2007. The main outcome measures were: incidence of back pain the previous 12 months, and frequency of use of conventional or CAM treatments in the previous 12 months.

Results
Back pain was experienced by 77% (n = 8063) of the cohort in the previous twelve month period. The majority of women with back pain only consulted with a conventional care provider (51.3%), 44.2% of women with back pain consulted with both a conventional care provider and a CAM practitioner. Women with more frequent back pain were more likely to consult a CAM practitioner, as well as seek conventional care. The most commonly utilised CAM practitioners were massage therapy (26.5% of those with back pain) and chiropractic (16.1% of those with back pain). Only 1.7% of women with back pain consulted with a CAM practitioner exclusively.

Conclusions
Mid-aged women with back pain utilise a range of conventional and CAM treatments. Consultation with CAM practitioners or self-prescribed CAM was predominantly in addition to, rather than a replacement for, conventional care. It is important that health professionals are aware of potential multiple practitioner usage in the context of back pain and are prepared to discuss such behaviours and practices with their patients.
Social and psychological factors affecting eating habits among university students in a Malaysian medical school: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ganasegeran Kurubaran , Al-Dubai Sami AR , Qureshi Ahmad M , Al-abed Al-abed AA , AM Rizal , Aljunid Syed M 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundEating habits have been a major concern among university students as a determinant of health status. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of eating habits and its associated social and psychological factors among medical students.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among 132 medical students of pre-clinical phase at a Malaysian university. A self-administered questionnaire was used which included questions on socio-demography, anthropometry, eating habits and psychosocial factors.ResultsMean (±SD) age of the respondents was 22.7 (±2.4) years and (the age) ranged from 18 to 30 years. More than half had regular meals and breakfast (57.6% &, 56.1% respectively). Majority (73.5%) consumed fruits less than three times per week, 51.5% had fried food twice or more a week and 59.8% drank water less than 2 liters daily. Eating habits score was significantly low among younger students (18–22 years), smokers, alcohol drinkers and those who did not exercise. (p<0.05). Four psychological factors out of six, were significantly associated with eating habits (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, age and ‘eating because of feeling happy’ were significantly associated with eating habits score (p<0.05).ConclusionMost of the students in this study had healthy eating habits. Social and psychological factors were important determinants of eating habits among medical students.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Luciferase-transfected colon adenocarcinoma cell line (DLD-1) for use in Orthotopic Xenotransplantation studies
Authors: Siddique Muhammad Rashid , Shynder Steve , Ashraf Muhammad Aqeel , Yusoff Ismail , Wajid Abdul 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Renilla Luciferase reporter gene (rLuc) GL4.82 and GL4.13 promoter are key player in transfection, but precise knowledge of its targets in colon cancer remains limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the best transfection technique to produce a stable transfected colon DLD1 (colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line), therefore imaging based approaches were employed.

Results
DLD1 cells were transfected with a Plasmid (SV40-RLuc) carrying Renilla luciferase under the control of the SV-40 promoter, by using two different transfection techniques. Cells expressing the required DNA were isolated after antibiotic (Puramycin) selection. Clones of DLD-1/SV40-RLuc were produced using two different techniques (96 well plates and Petri dish) and their florescence intensity was recorded using IVIS machine (Calliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, USA). Both techniques were characterized with the help of serial dilution technique. Results from this study substantiated that electroporation is the best. As expected, clones varied in their specific luciferase activity along with the dilutions. With the increase in cell concentration increase in intensity of florescence was recorded.

Conclusions
Based on the results we are confident that this transfected cell line DLD-1/SV40-RLuc (colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line) is the best for further Orthotopic Xenotransplantation Studies and in-vivo experiments as well. Investigation shows that DLD1/SV-rLuc cells have gained little bit resistance against both drugs therefore further study is suggested to know the reasons.
Strategies for Transitioning Therapy to Aripiprazole from Other Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia
Authors: Wisniewski Christopher S , Robert Sophie 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal approach for transitioning therapy to aripiprazole from other antipsychotics in schizophrenia and to describe these strategies. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (January 2000-March 2012) and PubMed (January 2000-March 2012) searches were conducted using the search terms aripiprazole, switch, and switching. Citations from references were reviewed to identify additional primary literature. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Articles identified as primary literature were considered for inclusion. Case series, opinion papers, and review articles were also examined. Literature was required to be in English. For evaluation purposes, included articles were randomized trials specifically comparing different switching strategies from an alternative antipsychotic to aripiprazole. Randomized trials and single-arm studies that evaluated the effect of a change to aripiprazole and reported switching methods were also reviewed but not evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic agent with a unique mechanism of action, causes fewer adverse effects when compared with other atypical antipsychotics. Patients unable to tolerate or unresponsive to their current regimens might benefit from a change to aripiprazole, but the best method for switching is unknown. Four randomized trials were identified that compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of at least 2 different switching strategies. The 5 strategies used a combination of immediate or titrated initiation of aripiprazole with immediate or tapered discontinuation of the current antipsychotic. A significant worsening of symptoms in the abrupt discontinuation group when compared with the combined tapered discontinuation groups was seen in 1 trial at week 2; however, all other comparisons yielded no significant differences among switching strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies for transitioning therapy to aripiprazole from alternative antipsychotics in schizophrenia have been investigated in randomized trials, but studies have failed to establish a preferred method. Despite the lack of evidence, experts recommend an overlap strategy that includes maintaining the current antipsychotic dosage while titrating to a therapeutic dose of aripiprazole.
Alcaftadine for the Prevention of Itching Associated with Allergic Conjunctivitis
Authors: Mahvan Tracy D , Buckley Whitney A , Hornecker Jaime R 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of alcaftadine for the prevention of itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis. DATA SOURCES: A medical literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed (2006-February 2012) and EMBASE (2006-February 2012) using the search terms alcaftadine and Lastacaft. References from these publications were reviewed for additional resources. Additional information was collected from Web sites of the US government ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov , http://www.fda.gov ) and of Allergan Inc., the manufacturer of Lastacaft ( http://www.lastacaft.com ). STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All identified articles and publications in English were reviewed for pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety data. Priority was placed on clinical trials. DATA SYNTHESIS: Two published clinical trials evaluated the efficacy of alcaftadine in the prevention of ocular itching and conjunctival redness associated with allergic conjunctivitis. One trial compared alcaftadine to placebo, and another trial compared alcaftadine to placebo and olopatadine HCl to placebo. Both studies showed superior efficacy, both clinically and statistically, in the prevention of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis compared to placebo. Although conjunctival redness was evaluated in the 2 trials, neither trial demonstrated both clinical and statistical significance. Both trials demonstrated a rapid onset of action of less than 15 minutes, as well as a duration of action greater than 16 hours, which supports the use of once-daily administration. Overall, alcaftadine was well tolerated, and common adverse effects, reported in less than 4% of patients, included ocular irritation, pruritus, erythema, and stinging or burning upon instillation. Ocular adverse effects were typically mild in severity and self-limiting. CONCLUSIONS: Alcaftadine is a safe and effective option for the prevention of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis, is dosed once daily, and is competitively priced among prescription medications for allergic conjunctivitis. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the comparative efficacy among ocular antihistamine/mast cell stabilizing medications.
Oral Modified-Release Tranexamic Acid for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
Authors: Hrometz Sandra L 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profile of an oral modified-release (MR) formulation of tranexamic acid. DATA SOURCES: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966-July 2012), Iowa Drug Information Service (1997-July 2012), and bibliographies of pertinent articles. Search terms included tranexamic acid, Lysteda, menorrhagia, menstrual blood loss, and heavy menstrual bleeding. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All available English-language abstracts and human studies were identified for review. Data provided by the manufacturer and the Food and Drug Administration were also evaluated. Efficacy was evaluated in 2 clinical trials, change in quality of life was evaluated in 3 clinical trials, and safety was evaluated in 4 clinical trials. DATA SYNTHESIS: Tranexamic acid is a synthetic lysine analogue with antifibrinolytic activity. It interferes with the binding of plasminogen to fibrin, resulting in enhanced fibrin clot integrity. A novel MR formulation of oral tranexamic acid is approved for treatment of cyclic heavy menstrual bleeding. MR tranexamic acid is initiated at the beginning of heavy menstrual bleeding and can be taken for up to 5 days per cycle. Clinical trials show it to be safe and effective. Dosage adjustments are needed for women with renal insufficiency. Adverse effects are considered mild to moderate, with the most common being menstrual discomfort, headache, and back pain. The most significant safety concerns relate to the risk of thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS: MR tranexamic acid offers a new first-line therapy for patients with cyclic heavy menstrual bleeding. It is reported to be safe and effective. There are no labeled equivalents to MR tranexamic acid for cyclic heavy menstrual bleeding.
Polymerization effects in C-S-H: implications for Portland cement hydration
Authors: Macphee D. E. , Lachowski E. E. , Glasser F. P. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis 29Si NMR has been applied to the study of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels. The degree of silicate polymerization in young gels is found to be sensitive to the curing humidity; higher degrees of polymerization are observed for gels cured in drier environments. Compositional effects on polymerization have been investigated and found to be insignificant at CaO/SiO2 ratios greater than about 1·2. At lower lime contents, the predominant silicate species are long chain polymers. The results of the studies on synthetic C-S-H are discussed in relation to the hydration of Ca3SiO5 and historical cement specimens.
Alternative model for the fine porous structure in hydrated tricalcium silicate
Authors: Vollet Dimas R. , Craievich Aldo F. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Hydrated tricalcium silicate has been studied by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The experimental SAXS results have been compared with those expected from a lamellar model and from the Debye, Anderson and Brumberger (DAB) model. The theoretical SAXS intensity for the DAB structural model agrees closely with the experimental results. In addition the DAB model provides a good explanation of the different values of specific surface area determined by SAXS, adsorption and proton NMR methods.
The effect of a fracture process zone on a model for crack growth in fibre-reinforced cementitious materials
Authors: Cotterell Brian , Mai Yiu-Wing 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis It is shown that it is comparatively simple to include a fracture process zone in a fictitious crack model for crack growth in fibre-reinforced cementitious materials if it is assumed that the crack faces remain straight. This model can he used to predict the crack-growth resistance curve for a particular specimen geometry and size if the stress-displacement relationship for the material is known. This curve is somewhat different to the curve obtained if the fracture process zone is not modelled. However, if the fracture parameters are obtained from a “master” experimental crack-growth resistance curve, there is little difference between curves obtained with and without modelling the fracture process zone.
Influence of sodium chloride on alkali-silica reaction
Authors: Nixon P. J. , Page C. L. , Canham I. , Bollinghaus R. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis The possible effect of sodium chloride in increasing the alkalinity of concrete and exacerbating alkali-aggregate reaction has been investigated by experiments involving the addition of sodium chloride and synthetic seawater to cement pastes, mortars and concretes. Measurements of the composition of the pore solution of cement pastes and expansion of mortars and concretes made with reactive aggregates are reported. It was found that small additions of both sodium chloride and synthetic seawater elevated the hydroxyI ion concentration of the cement pastes to a level similar to that produced by a Portland cement with an equivalent alkali level. Similarly the sodium chloride and synthetic seawater had an effect on the expansion of mortars and concretes which was in line with the effect produced by an equivalent amount of alkali in the cement.
Quantitative characterization of the transition zone in high strength concretes
Authors: Scrivener K. L. , Bentur A. , Pratt P. L. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis The microstructure of the transition zone in high strength concretes, with and without silica fume, was characterized. Backscattered electron (bse) imaging combined with quantitative image analysis was used to measure the quantity and distribution of unreacted cement, pores larger than 0·5 μm and calcium hydroxide. For concretes of the same water/binder ratio, the silica fume was found to exert only a small influence on the porosity measured in the bulk paste. In the concretes without silica fume the transition zone was more porous than the bulk cement matrix. However, in the concretes with silica fume, the transition zone was much denser, having a level of porosity similar to that of the matrix. These results confirm and support the hypothesis that a major effect of silica fume in concrete is the improvement of the aggregate/matrix bond.
L'Algérie face au « printemps arabe » : l'équilibre par la neutralisation des contestations
Authors: Dris-Ait Hamadouche Louisa 
Published: July 2012

Contrairement à la plupart des prévisions, le printemps arabe n’est pas passé par l’Algérie. Point de mobilisation de grande ampleur sur les réseaux sociaux d’une jeunesse largement connectée, ni de manifestations de rue massives, ni de place « Tahrir » au centre d’Alger. Quant aux débats politiques, ils traduisent des lectures contradictoires tant sur les formes que les révoltes arabes adoptent, que vis-à-vis de leur impact à long terme. Pourquoi les émeutes sporadiques ne débouchent-elles pas sur un mouvement social de grande ampleur ? Les islamistes sont-ils en situation d’attente ou d’incapacité ? Cet article propose d’analyser les raisons du statut quo en Algérie en avançant l’hypothèse selon laquelle le système algérien de la base au sommet (régime politique, élite, médias, partis politiques, groupes sociaux divers) est constitué de forces contraires dont l’activisme et le dynamisme sont, de fait, neutralisés par leur contradiction. Ainsi, les dirigeants algériens maintiennent-ils l’équilibre/la stabilité grâce à la neutralisation des acteurs, laquelle est obtenue par le jeu de l’exacerbation de leurs contradictions et de l’échange politique.