bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors are expressed in a rodent model of status epilepticus
Authors: Rajasekaran Karthik , Todorovic Marko , Kapur Jaideep 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:A study was undertaken to characterize the plasticity of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)‐mediated neurotransmission in the hippocampus during status epilepticus (SE).Methods:SE was induced by pilocarpine, and animals were studied 10 minutes (refractory SE) or 60 minutes (late SE) after the onset of the first grade 5 seizures. AMPAR‐mediated currents were recorded from CA1 pyramidal neurons and dentate granule cells (DGCs) by voltage clamp technique. The surface expression of GluA2 subunit on hippocampal membranes was determined using a biotinylation assay. GluA2 internalization and changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca]i) levels were studied in hippocampal cultures using immunocytochemical and live‐imaging techniques. AMPAR antagonist treatment of SE was evaluated by video and electroencephalography.Results:AMPAR‐mediated currents recorded from CA1 neurons from refractory and late SE animals were inwardly rectifying, and philanthotoxin‐sensitive; similar changes were observed in recordings obtained from DGCs from refractory SE animals. GluA2 subunit surface expression was reduced in the hippocampus during refractory and late SE. In cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons, recurrent bursting diminished surface expression of the GluA2 subunit and enhanced its internalization rate. Recurrent bursting‐induced increase in [Ca]i levels was reduced by selective inhibition of GluA2‐lacking AMPARs. GYKI‐52466 terminated diazepam‐refractory SE.Interpretation:During SE, there is rapid, ongoing plasticity of AMPARs with the expression of GluA2‐lacking AMPARs. These receptors provide another source of Ca2+ entry into the principal neurons. Benzodiazepam‐refractory SE can be terminated by AMPAR antagonism. The data identify AMPARs as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SE. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:91–102
Morphological diversity and phenotypic plasticity in the threatened British white‐clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes)
Authors: Haddaway Neal R. , Mortimer Robert J. G. , Christmas Martin , Grahame John W. , Dunn Alison M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

Relocation of threatened populations is a common method employed in conservation. However, environmental differences in the new habitat may reduce the survival of relocated populations, while phenotypic plasticity may enhance the likelihood of establishment of relocated populations in their novel environment.
Conservation of the British white‐clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes; IUCN Red Data List – Endangered) often involves relocation of threatened populations into isolated ponds (Ark Sites), where risk of competition with invasive crayfish is minimized.
In this study, the morphology (using 12 morphometric variables) of A. pallipes in wild populations was investigated with respect to eco‐geographic variables. A field cage experiment was carried out to compare the relative survival, growth, and change in morphology of crayfish from lotic (stream) and lentic (pond) donor habitats following relocation to a lentic recipient habitat.
In the wild, lentic crayfish were broader than their lotic counterparts, which may reflect an increase in branchial (gill) volume in adaptation to an oxygen‐poor benthic environment.
In the relocation experiment there was no difference in the length, growth, or survival of animals from relocated lentic, lotic, or control populations. However, crayfish derived from a lotic population showed an increase in carapace width and areola width over the 4‐month growing season following relocation.
This evidence for phenotypic plasticity suggests that crayfish are resilient to relocation, and that they can adapt morphologically to novel environmental conditions. Relocation of threatened populations of A. pallipes may therefore prove a useful technique in the conservation of white‐clawed crayfish populations within the UK. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of oseltamivir phosphate through derivatization with o‐phthalaldehyde. Application to pharmaceutical preparations with a preliminary study on spiked plasma samples
Authors: Walash M. I. , Belal F. , El‐Enany N. , El‐Maghrabey M. H. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTA simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of oseltamivir phosphate (OST) in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the reaction between oseltamivir phosphate and o‐phthalaldehyde in presence of 2‐mercapto‐ethanol in borate buffer, pH 10.8, to give a highly fluorescent product measured at 450 nm after excitation at 336 nm. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the reaction product were studied and optimized. The fluorescence intensity–concentration plot is rectilinear over the range 0.05–1.0 µg/mL, with a lower detection limit of 5 ng/mL and limit of quantitation of 16 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the drug in its commercial capsules and suspension, mean recoveries of OST were 99.97 ± 1.67% and 100.17 ± 1.18%, respectively (n = 3). Statistical comparison of the results obtained by the proposed and comparison method revealed no significant difference in the performance of the two methods regarding accuracy and precision. The proposed method was further extended to in vitro determination of the studied drug in spiked human plasma as a preliminary investigation; the mean recovery (n = 3) was 98.68 ± 5.8%. A reaction pathway was postulated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic activity of albumin shown by coelenterazine chemiluminescence
Authors: Vassel N , Cox CD , Naseem R , Morse V , Evans RT , Power RL , Brancale A , Wann KT , Campbell AK 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBioluminescence, the emission of light from live organisms, occurs in 18 phyla and is the major communication system in the deep sea. It has appeared independently many times during evolution but its origins remain unknown. Coelenterazine bioluminescence discovered in luminous jellyfish is the most common chemistry causing bioluminescence in the sea, occurring in seven phyla. Sequence similarities between coelenterazine luciferases and photoproteins from different phyla are poor (often < 5%). The aim of this study was to examine albumin that binds organic substances as a coelenterazine luciferase to test the hypothesis that the evolutionary origin of a bioluminescent protein was the result of the formation of a solvent cage containing just a few key amino acids. The results show for the first time that bovine and human albumin catalysed coelenterazine chemiluminescence consistent with a mono‐oxygenase, whereas gelatin and haemoglobin, an oxygen carrier, had very weak activity. Insulin also catalysed coelenterazine chemiluminescence and was increased by Zn2+. Albumin chemiluminescence was heat denaturable, exhibited saturable substrate characteristics and was inhibited by cations that bound these proteins and by drugs that bind to human albumin drug site I. Molecular modelling confirmed the coelenterazine binding site and identified four basic amino acids: lys195, arg222, his242 and arg257, potentially important in binding and catalysis similar to naturally occurring coelenterazine bioluminescent proteins. These results support the ‘solvent cage’ hypothesis for the evolutionary origin of enzymatic coelenterazine bioluminescent proteins. They also have important consequences in diseases such as diabetes, gut disorders and food intolerance where a mono‐oxygenase could affect cell surface proteins. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ten-year follow-up of skin-sparing mastectomy followed by immediate breast reconstruction
Authors: Romics L , Chew B K , Weiler-Mithoff E , Doughty J C , Brown I M , Stallard S , Wilson C R , Mallon E A , George W D 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
The oncological safety of skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) followed by immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is debated owing to a presumed compromise in the completeness of mastectomy. Current evidence is poor as it is based mostly on short-term follow-up data from highly selected patients.

Methods
A prospectively maintained institutional database was searched to identify patients who underwent SSM and IBR between 1995 and 2000. A retrospective review of medical records was carried out, including only patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer. During this time all patients treated with mastectomy were offered IBR regardless of tumour stage.

Results
Follow-up data from 253 consecutive patients with IBR were reviewed. Patients with incomplete follow-up data and those undergoing SSM for recurrent disease following previous lumpectomy were disregarded, leaving 207 for analysis. Offering IBR to all women requiring mastectomy resulted in a large proportion of patients with advanced disease. During a median follow-up of 119 months, 17 (8·2 per cent) locoregional, six (2·9 per cent) local and 22 (10·6 per cent) distant recurrences were detected; the overall recurrence rate was 39 (18·8 per cent). Overall recurrence rate was associated with axillary lymph node metastasis (P = 0·009), higher stage (P &lt; 0·001) and higher tumour grade (P = 0·031). The breast cancer-specific survival rate was 90·8 per cent (19 of 207 women died from recurrence).

Conclusion
Based on these long-term follow-up data, SSM combined with IBR is an oncologically safe treatment option regardless of tumour stage.
Identification of a Novel Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Active against Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Eibergen Nora R. , Im Isak , Patel Nisha Y. , Hergenrother Paul J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn an effort to identify novel antibacterial chemotypes, we performed a whole‐cell screen for inhibitors ofStaphylococcus aureusgrowth and pursued those compounds with previously uncharacterized antibacterial activity. This process resulted in the identification of a benzothiazolium salt, ABTZ‐1, that displayed potent antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive pathogens. Several clinically desirable qualities were demonstrated for ABTZ‐1 including potent activity against multidrug‐resistant clinical isolates of methicillin‐resistantS. aureus(MRSA) and vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE), retention of this activity in human serum, and low hemolytic activity. The antibacterial activity of ABTZ‐1 was attributed to its inhibition of bacterial translation, as this compound prevented the incorporation of [35S]methionine intoS. aureusproteins, and ABTZ‐1‐resistant strains were cross‐resistant to known inhibitors of bacterial translation. ABTZ‐1 represents a promising new class of antibacterial agents.
Stabilization of G‐Quadruplex DNA, Inhibition of Telomerase Activity and Live Cell Imaging Studies of Chiral Ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Sun Dongdong , Liu Yanan , Liu Du , Zhang Rong , Yang Xicheng , Liu Jie 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTelomerase inhibition is an attractive strategy for cancer chemotherapy. In the current study, we have synthesized and characterized two chiral ruthenium(II) complexes, namely, Λ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+ and Δ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+, where phen is 1,10‐phenanthroline and p‐MOPIP is 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐imidazo[4,5f][1,10]phenanthroline. The chiral selectivity of the compounds and their ability to discriminate quadruplex DNA were investigated by using UV/Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer melting assay, polymerase chain reaction stop assay and telomerase repeat amplification protocol. The results indicate that the two chiral compounds could induce and stabilize the formation of antiparallel G‐quadruplexes of telomeric DNA in the presence or absence of metal cations. We report the remarkable ability of the two complexes Λ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+ and Δ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+ to stabilize selectively G‐quadruplex DNA; the former is a better G‐quadruplex binder than the latter. The anticancer activities of these complexes were evaluated by using the MTT assay. Interestingly, the antiproliferative activity of Λ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+ was higher than that of Δ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+, and Λ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+ showed a significant antitumor activity in HepG2 cells. The status of the nuclei in Λ/Δ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+‐treated HepG2 cells was investigated by using real‐time living cell microscopy to determine the effects of Λ/Δ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+ on intracellular accumulation. The results show that Λ/Δ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+ can be taken up by HepG2 cells and can enter into the cytoplasm as well as accumulate in the nuclei; this suggests that the nuclei were the cellular targets of Λ/Δ‐[Ru(phen)2(p‐MOPIP)]2+.
Nitrogen‐Rich 5,5′‐Bistetrazolates and their Potential Use in Propellant Systems: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Fischer Niko , Izsák Dániel , Klapötke Thomas M. , Rappenglück Sebastian , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA large variety of twice‐deprotonated nitrogen‐rich 5,5′‐bistetrazolates, that is, the ammonium (1), hydrazinium (2), hydroxylammonium (3), guanidinium (4), aminoguanidinium (5), diaminoguanidinium (6), triaminoguanidinium (7), and diaminouronium (8) salts, have been synthesized. Energetic compounds 1–8 were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (except 8), NMR spectroscopy, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. With respect to their potential use in propellant applications, the sensitivity towards impact, friction, and electrical discharge were determined. Several propulsion and detonation parameters (e.g., heat of explosion, detonation velocity) were computed by using the EXPLO5 computer code based on calculated (CBS‐4M) heats of formation and X‐ray densities. Additionally, the performance of 1–8 in various formulations was investigated by calculating the specific energy and specific impulse of the compounds under isochoric conditions.
Cancer screening of the uterine cervix papanicolaou smears versus state‐of‐the‐art human papillomavirus testing
Authors: Knight Bryan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe article by Albrow et al in this issue describes the early cervical screening program in England as being “disorganized,” but goes on to describe significant improvements over 20 years. It has become one of the leading screening programs in the developed world. Liquid‐based technology has been embraced, but image analysis has not. The key ingredient for the NHSCSP's success is quality assurance. The scrutiny given to medical interventions has increased recently. Would the early cervical cancer cytology screening programs have passed muster if they had required this sort of validation? Using information from the Victorian Cytology Screening Services Melbourne and other Australian screening programs to guide its formulation, Australia's evidence‐based program differs from the NHSCSP in several ways. The screening interval is 2 years, liquid‐based technology is not funded, and human papillomavirus (HPV)‐DNA testing for the triage of atypical lesions has not been sanctioned in Australia. Albrow et al allude to the possible introduction in the future of HPV‐DNA testing as a primary screening tool. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Diagnostic value of K‐ras mutation analysis for pancreaticobiliary cytology specimens with indeterminate diagnosis
Authors: Cai Guoping , Mahooti Sepi , Lipata Fredilyn M. , Chhieng David , Hui Pei 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Fine‐needle aspiration and bile duct brushing cytology have been traditionally used for early detection of pancreaticobiliary malignancy. Quite frequently, the cytological interpretations of these specimens are indeterminate. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of detecting K‐ras (v‐Ki‐ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) mutation in pancreaticobiliary cytology specimens that had equivocal cytological diagnoses.METHODS:A total of 129 cases that had indeterminate cytology diagnoses, K‐ras mutational analysis, and histopathological follow‐up were retrieved. The cytological interpretations, histopathological diagnoses, and K‐ras mutation results were reviewed and analyzed.RESULTS:Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of K‐ras mutation for detection of pancreaticobiliary malignancy including adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and mucinous cystic neoplasm were 57% and 94%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of K‐ras mutation for the presence of pancreaticobiliary malignancy were 94% and 60%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The results demonstrate that K‐ras mutation has a high predictive value for malignancy in patients with indeterminate pancreaticobiliary cytology and should be included as an important adjuvant diagnostic marker. It should be noted that a negative K‐ras mutation result does not rule out malignancy, and K‐ras mutation can be detected, although infrequently, in morphologically benign conditions. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Towards the optimal synchronization granularity for dynamic scheduling of pipelined computations on heterogeneous computing systems
Authors: Riakiotakis I. , Ciorba F. M. , Andronikos T. , Papakonstantinou G. , Chronopoulos A. T. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYLoops are the richest source of parallelism in scientific applications. A large number of loop scheduling schemes have therefore been devised for loops with and without data dependencies (modeled as dependence distance vectors) on heterogeneous clusters. The loops with data dependencies require synchronization via cross‐node communication. Synchronization requires fine‐tuning to overcome the communication overhead and to yield the best possible overall performance. In this paper, a theoretical model is presented to determine the granularity of synchronization that minimizes the parallel execution time of loops with data dependencies when these are parallelized on heterogeneous systems using dynamic self‐scheduling algorithms. New formulas are proposed for estimating the total number of scheduling steps when a threshold for the minimum work assigned to a processor is assumed. The proposed model uses these formulas to determine the synchronization granularity that minimizes the estimated parallel execution time. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified and validated via extensive experiments on a heterogeneous computing system. The results show that the theoretically optimal synchronization granularity, as determined by the proposed model, is very close to the experimentally observed optimal synchronization granularity, with no deviation in the best case, and within 38.4% in the worst case. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sigiri: uniform resource abstraction for grids and clouds
Authors: Withana Eran Chinthaka , Plale Beth 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYWith the maturation of grid computing facilities and recent explosion of cloud computing data centers, midscale computational science has more options than ever before to satisfy computational needs. But heterogeneity brings complexity. We propose a simple abstraction for interaction with heterogeneous resource managers spanning grid and cloud computing and on features that make the tool useful for the midscale physical or natural scientist. Key strengths of the abstraction are its support for multiple standard job specification languages, preservation of direct user interaction with the service, removing the delay that can come through layers of services, and the predictable behavior under heavy loads. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Eating Disorders
Authors: Murphy Rebecca , Straebler Suzanne , Basden Shawnee , Cooper Zafra , Fairburn Christopher G. 
Published: February 2012

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a leading evidence‐based treatment for those eating disorders in which binge eating is a feature. This article begins with a consideration of the rationale for using IPT to treat patients with eating disorders. This is followed by a review of the evidence supporting its use and a brief description of treatment including an illustrative clinical case vignette. The article closes with a discussion of possible future directions for research on IPT for eating disorders. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

IPT for eating disorders (IPT‐ED) closely resembles IPT for depression and primarily focuses on current interpersonal problems. It is well suited for helping patients to address interpersonal difficulties which appear to be maintaining the eating disorder.
Any Indication for Bias due to Participation? Comparison of the Effects of a Parent Management Training Rated by Participating and Non‐Participating Parents
Authors: Hautmann Christopher , Hoijtink Herbert , Eichelberger Ilka , Görtz‐Dorten Anja , Hanisch Charlotte , Plück Julia , Walter Daniel , Döpfner Manfred 
Published: February 2012

Ratings of parents that have participated in a parent training for child externalizing behaviour problems might be biased (e.g., they may report symptom reduction to reward their own endeavours for attending the training). The potential for bias in parent ratings was investigated in a secondary analysis of an effectiveness study of a parent management training for children (aged 3–10 years) with externalizing behaviour problems under routine care conditions. For the 56 families included in the current analysis, we compared the ratings of training participants (predominately mothers) and training non‐participants (predominately fathers). A 3‐month waiting period prior to treatment served as the control condition. Outcome measures were attention problems and conduct problems of the children and perceived parental self‐efficacy rated by both the mothers and fathers. Child attention problems and conduct problems both decreased significantly during the treatment period for participating and non‐participating parents, and the changes in ratings during treatment were of a similar magnitude for participants compared with non‐participants. Taking into account the methodological limitations of the current analysis, no indication was found that treatment effects are strongly biased due to participation in the training. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages

Previous positive findings of mothers' and fathers' ratings on parent management training for children with externalizing problem behaviour have mostly come from parents who also attended the training.
For child behavioural problems, the results of the current analysis demonstrate similar perceived changes by parents who did and did not participate in the training.
Our findings underscore the relevance and importance of parent ratings for treatment evaluation.