bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study on psycho-social needs of the family caregivers of persons with spinal cord injury
Authors: Pallerla Srikanth , Krishnareddy Shanivaram Reddy , Parthasarathy Nirmala Berigai , Navaneetham Janardhana , Gupta Anupam 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Spinal cord injury is a high-cost long-lasting disability and a life-changing experience for family caregivers (FCGs). The current study aimed to explore the psycho-social needs of the FCGs of persons with spinal cord injury (PwSCI).Materials and Methods:An exploratory qualitative approach was used, and sixteen FCGs of PwSCI participated in the face-to-face interviews. All the interviews were audio-recorded, and session notes were added to the existing data and later transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to identify the main themes.Results:Three main themes have emerged, namely, awareness needs, resource needs, and personal care needs, from the data as a result of the qualitative analysis: The main themes have been categorised into nine sub-themes, such as want to know, alternative ways of contacting, the helpful or conducive environment of arrangements, sources to get money, pension certificate needs, resources for livelihood, resources for continuing the treatment, need my own time, and controlling of feelings.Conclusion:The findings of this research aid in designing or developing need-based tailor-made psychosocial interventions for the FCGs of PwSCI in India. Multidisciplinary team professionals involved in managing spinal cord injury and other stakeholders should understand the importance of meeting the mentioned psycho-social needs of FCGs of PwSCI and delivering such tailor-made psycho-social interventions in a timely.
Investigation of the frequency and relationship between trichomonas infection in the preterm delivery (a case-control study in Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Semnan)
Authors: Saffarieh Elham , Tarahomi Shabnam , Pazoki Shaghayegh , Khaleghian Ali 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Purpose:
Preterm delivery is a common complication during pregnancy periods and imposes a high cost on the healthcare system due to the care needs of premature babies. Sexually transmitted infections are one of the effective factors in the occurrence of preterm delivery and the diagnosis and treatment of these infections are effective in reducing complications and preventing preterm delivery. In this study, the role of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis [TV]) infection in preterm delivery has been evaluated.

Methods:
In a prospective case–control study, women with preterm birth were assigned to the case group, and women with full-term delivery on the same day were also assigned randomly to the control group. After receiving the history and physical examination, a sample was taken from the cervix for TV culture. The data were included in the SPSS version 23 software. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.

Findings:
The overall prevalence of this infection was 10%. The prevalence of chlamydial infection was 2% among mothers with full-term delivery and 16.4% among mothers with premature birth, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.021). The logistic regression analysis to determine the effect of Trichomonas infection on premature birth showed that there was the probability of the occurrence of premature delivery increases in mothers with trichomoniasis infection with lower age, higher body mass index, the presence of underlying disease, lower educational level, housewives, lower parity and gravity and having a history of fetus abortion more than 13 times with its occurrence probability occurs in mothers without Trichomonas infection (P = 0.046, Exp (β) =13.266).

Conclusion:
According to the present results, TV screening for pregnant women, especially in high-risk groups, is emphasized to reduce the incidence of preterm delivery and related complications, especially neonatal complications.
The prevalence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in forensic autopsies in a teaching hospital in South India
Authors: Ghosh Ajoy Kumar , Chaudhari Vinod Ashok , Joseph Noyal Mariya , Shaha Kusa Kumar 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
An autopsy is a valuable tool for finding the cause of death, exploring the clinical diagnosis, documenting unexpected findings, and resolving diagnostic questions. However, this may subject the forensic pathologist and other workers to a wide variety of blood-borne and aerosolized pathogens. Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of illness and death, resulting in infection transmission in the autopsy room. Our objective in this study was to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis among forensic autopsies in a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Material and Methods:
We identified positive TB cases from acid-fast bacteria staining and culture (Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube and Lowenstein–Jensen medium) out of 380 autopsy cases.

Results:
The prevalence of tuberculosis was 2.4% (n = 9), among which 2.1% of cases were positive for only pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 8), and 0.3% of cases had both pulmonary and extrapulmonary involvement (n = 1). In the bivariate analysis of TB cases, sex, occupation, family history of TB, habit of smoking, BCG vaccine scar, period of hospital stay, and cause of death were potentially significant.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of TB in forensic autopsy cases were similar to forensic autopsy-based studies, and it was less as compared to the prevalence of TB in the general population.
Post-discharge home kangaroo mother care follow-up study in rural Gujarat
Authors: Nimbalkar Somashekhar , Dave Hemal , Budh Hetal , Morgaonkar Vallaree , Patel Dipen 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Continuation of kangaroo mother care (KMC) at home is vital for improved infant survival and development. Hence, it is essential to understand potential enablers and barriers to home KMC provision.

Methodology:
This observational study was conducted in rural Gujarat. KMC was initiated for all low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates during the hospital stay and were advised to continue home KMC on discharge. The mothers of these LBW neonates were interviewed using a structured questionnaire during follow-up visits or via telephone.

Results:
A total of 100 mothers were interviewed, and 98 practiced home KMC. Mothers’ mean age was 24.41 (±3.1) years, and infants’ mean age was 3.48 (±1.81) months. The mean weight of neonates at discharge was 1.85 (±0.28) kg. Out of the 104 neonates (96 singleton pregnancies and four twins), 76 (73.07%) were pre-term. 31% mothers provided 4–6 hours of daily KMC. 60% provided KMC for less than 1 hour during each session, while 36% of mothers provided each KMC session for 1–3 hours. 74% of mothers received family support, and 62% faced difficulties in home KMC provision. 88% of mothers were homemakers, and 53% had other children to care for. 51% mothers pre-maturely discontinued KMC provision. 83% of the mothers reported fatigue or pain during KMC provision.

Conclusion:
Lack of family support, other household responsibilities, and other children to care for were major barriers leading to pre-mature discontinuation of home KMC.
Household secondary attack rate amongst the susceptible contacts of COVID-19 cases and its epidemiological profile: A retrospective study from central Gujarat, India
Authors: Gohil Vaidehi S. , Shah Venu R. , Shukla Rujul P. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Secondary attack rate (SAR) is a proportion of primary contacts developing the diseases within the incubation period upon exposure to a primary case among the total susceptible household contacts. The epidemiological profile and SAR will help in understanding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 for further strengthening preventive and effective control measures.

Objectives of the Study:
The study was conducted with the primary objective to estimate the household SAR of COVID-19 cases at Mahisagar District, Gujarat, and to study the epidemiological profile of primary and secondary cases of COVID-19.

Methodology:
A retrospective study was conducted to estimate SAR among 245 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 898 susceptible household contacts in Mahisagar district through telephonic interview and questionnaire by the Investigator team.

Results:
The household SAR was calculated from the current study in Mahisagar district, Gujarat, and was 13.9%. Among primary cases, 74.7% males were affected, and among secondary cases, 52.8% females were affected. The SAR among elderly was 23.9%, and the SAR among children was 3.9%. 74.1% household contacts had developed disease among symptomatic contacts as compared to asymptomatic household contacts.

Conclusion:
The household SAR in Mahisagar district, Gujarat, was found to be 13.9%. In primary cases, more males, and in secondary cases, more females were found to be affected. The household SAR was increased in elderly as compared to the younger age group. The SAR was more among the contacts of symptomatic cases than asymptomatic cases. Overall hospitalization in public hospitals was more than that in private hospitals.
Unveiling parental perspectives: COVID-19 vaccination for children in India
Authors: Bhardwaj Priya , Yadav Sunita K. , Jetly Sunita , Saluja Daman , Taneja Jyoti 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Irrespective of the availability of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine and its success rate in adults, administering vaccines to children remains a challenge for healthcare workers. Children’s vaccine hesitancy among parents remains substantial and is exacerbated due to misleading information. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the hesitancy of parents and their concern about the vaccination and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in their children.

Methods:
A cross-sectional web-based and offline survey comprised of questions about the demographic of children, the status of COVID-19 infection, its severity, vaccination status, sources of information, willingness, concerns and attitude of parents to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 virus, was conducted. Overall, 846 responses from parents fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed by GraphPad Prism 5.

Results:
Out of the 846 responses, 51.2% (n = 433) of children were vaccinated against COVID-19. Out of vaccinated children (51.2%), 60.3% (n = 261) had experienced adverse events. Around 21% (n = 98) of children had a history of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Among the infected children, 14.3% were asymptomatic and 85.7% had symptoms. Approximately 8% of children had comorbidities, with chronic lung diseases and asthma being the most common. Among the 846 participating parents, 59.5% were mothers and the remaining 40.5% were fathers. A total of 2.7% and 22.2% of parents were found hesitant to administer the COVID-19 vaccine to their children aged 15–18 years and below 15 years, respectively. Among hesitant parents, mothers were found slightly more hesitant as compared to fathers. Also, 35.5% of parents were found hesitant about their own COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, the concern for COVID-19 vaccine unwillingness among parents is that a child has already achieved natural immunity after COVID-19 infections (76.8%) followed by vaccine safety and its side effects. The motivating factors to convince parents for their children’s COVID-19 vaccination were if their doctors recommend it, followed by detailed information on vaccine side effects and efficacy in children. The most trusted source of information for the parents was found to be the healthcare workers.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that data and reviews regarding the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine readily available in the public domain could serve as a highly effective strategy for promoting and implementing widespread vaccination among children. By providing easily accessible and comprehensive information, public health authorities can address parental concerns, dispel misconceptions and foster a greater sense of trust in the vaccination process.
Mediating role of physician’s empathy between physician’s communication and patient’s satisfaction
Authors: Arshad Maham , Sriram Shyamkumar , Khan Saira , Gollapalli Pavan Kumar , Albadrani Muayad 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Physician communication is vital for an effective physician-patient relationship. Physician empathy is crucial to patient communication. The relationship between physician empathy, physician communication, and patient satisfaction is not very clear. This study aims to study the mediating role of physician’s empathy between physician’s communication, physician’s empathy, and patient’s satisfaction.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, during the time period of December 2018 to February 2019. Employing the technique of purposive convenience sampling, data were collected (N = 238) from psychiatric, cardiology, and dermatology wards of public and private sector hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The Communication Assessment Tool, specifically the Patient’s Perception of Physician’s Empathy and Patient Satisfaction Scale, was used to assess study variables. The measures used in the research assess the patient’s perception of the physician’s communication, empathy, and patient’s satisfaction. Formal permission for the research was taken from the hospital administration with approval from the institutional review boards. Participants were briefed about the purpose of the research. Both verbal and written informed consent was taken from them.

Results:
The result shows that a physician’s empathy plays a mediating role between the physician’s communication skills and patient satisfaction. Moreover, Pearson product-moment correlation indicated a significant positive relationship between doctors’ communication skills, doctors’ empathy, and patients’ satisfaction.

Conclusion:
Building a positive doctor-patient relationship would not only lead to improved patient satisfaction but also reduce the likelihood of medical malpractice. Therefore, steps should be taken to enforce trust, interaction, and empathy in doctor-patient relationships, with patient-centered services. Physician’s empathy plays a mediating role between physician’s communication skills and patient’s satisfaction.
Musculoskeletal disorder prevalence and its correlation with stress in medical students: A cross sectional survey
Authors: Alsulaihebi Husam S. , Alsulaihebi Amjad S. , Alsaedi Ziyad K. , Alsharif Saud Y. , Mahamid Anis W. , Babateen Omar M. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The study aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) prevalence and its correlation with stress in medical students at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A total of 416 participants participated in this study by answering an online questionnaire. We included medical students from UQU of both genders, ranging from the first year to the sixth year. A questionnaire was used to capture sociodemographic data. The data were collected using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) and Standardized Nordic questionnaire.

Results:
Among 416 medical students surveyed, 219 (52.60%) were males. A significant proportion of participants, 294 (70.70%), reported experiencing pain during the last 12 months. Female students exhibited significantly higher scores of MSDs compared to their male counterparts. Students who reported working between 51–90 hours per week had a significantly higher MSD score than those who worked 0–50 hours or 91 or more hours. The findings of this study indicated that the most prevalent MSDs were low back pain (50.20%), followed by neck pain (31.70%), and female medical students exhibited significantly higher stress levels than male medical students.

Conclusions:
Musculoskeletal disorders represent a prevalent health issue among medical students, there is a significant association between factors such as being a female and body mass index. Additionally, psychological stress is a widespread concern among medical students, given the demanding nature of their lifestyle. Interestingly, our findings revealed that there exists a moderately positive relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and stress in this particular population.
Assessment of sexual beliefs among “drug naive male” patients attending psychiatry OPD in a teaching institution: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sheoran Chaitanya , Nayar Nikhil , Kumar Abhinit , Kumar Kunal , Sharma Shruti , Maan Nikita 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The basic objective of any civilization is to preserve a happy family. The quality of one’s sexual encounters is crucial to a happy marriage. Couples’ dissatisfaction in this area may be the cause of several social, psychological, and medical issues. The way reality is interpreted, which shapes behaviors and emotions, is established by beliefs. These beliefs, which are among the most frequent causes of male sexual problems, include those relating to high performance, women’s sexual enjoyment, and sexual conservatism.

Aims:
To identify the misconceptions about sexuality among psychiatry patients. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out at the School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University. We enrolled 200 samples and it is assessed through Sexual Beliefs Questionnaire (Male version).

Result:
Sexual beliefs were assessed in different domains as well as overall sexual belief score was also estimated. The different domains in which the sexual beliefs were scored were sexual conservatism, female sexual power, macho belief, beliefs about women’s sexual satisfaction, restrictive attitude toward sex, and sex as an abuse of men’s power.

Conclusion:
The development of both psychiatric and sexological care will benefit from the early identification of the intricate relationships between psychopathology, the adverse effects of antipsychotic medicines, and sexuality. However, longitudinal studies are needed to anticipate the relationship more accurately between sexual dysfunction and sexual beliefs at a larger sample size. Sexual beliefs are significant contributors to sexual dysfunction.
Correlation of non-invasive parameters with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings for presence and grading of gastroesophageal varices in liver cirrhosis patients
Authors: Mathur Navgeet , Patel Harsh , Mangalia Ravi , Mehta Amit , Mathur Medha , Verma Anjana , Patyal Ashish 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Development of esophageal varices is one of the major complications of liver cirrhosis, and endoscopy is used to see the presence, grading, and long-term monitoring of esophageal varices which is an invasive and unpleasant procedure. There is no adequate data available showing noninvasive methods can be used for the same.

Methods:
Seventy patients with liver cirrhosis participated in the study. Factors like portal vein diameter, spleen size, platelet count, serum bilirubin, Child-Pugh score, prothrombin time (PT), and PT INR were observed and correlated endoscopically with the presence and grading of esophageal varices in all patients.

Results:
The platelet count, portal vein diameter, serum bilirubin, spleen bipolar diameter, and PT had statistically significant correlations with the presence of varices. Among them, platelet count, portal vein diameter, and serum bilirubin also had statistically significant correlations with the grading of varices. Monitoring of these noninvasive parameters can help in monitoring variceal growth.

Conclusions:
Noninvasive parameters can be used effectively to predict the presence and grading of esophageal varices and at the same time keep the rate of undiagnosed varices acceptably low. By using noninvasive parameters, patients can be benefited by decreasing the requirement of repeated endoscopic evaluation which is an unpleasant procedure and availability is also limited.
Chronic nonspecific multiple-sites pain [CNMSP] of unknown etiology: Biopsychosocial method of evaluation for the primary care level
Authors: Goel Deepak , Avinash Priya R. , Shangari Sushant , Srivastav Malini , Pundeer Ashwani 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Understanding and dealing with chronic nonspecific pain (CNP) is the important entity at primary care hospital. Chronic nonspecific multiple-site pain [CNMSP] of unknown etiology creates diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for primary care physicians due to lack of guidance regarding evaluation and treatment.

Aims and Objectives:
To classify and formulate the evaluation, treatment strategies, and prediction of prognosis of patients with CNMSP of unknown etiology.

Methods:
Patients present with CNMSP of more than 3-month duration without any obvious medical cause. The biopsychosocial [BPS] model with 3P model was applied to see the biological, psychological, and social factors behind persistence. Finally, patients were classified into four groups for evaluation response to treatment and relapse rates in 12-month follow-up.

Results:
Of the total 243 patients of CNMSP, 243 [96.3%] were females. Sixty [24.7%] patients had short duration, and 183 [75.3%] had long duration. Headache was in 115 [47%], low back pain ± leg pain in 96 [39.4%], cervical pain ± shoulder/arm pain in 83 [34.1%], and diffuse body pain in 50 [20.5%] in various combinations. A total of 155 [63.8%] patients had high somatization–sensitization index (SSI), and 144 [59.3%] had low ferritin level. Group 1 [high SSI and low ferritin] had 37.9% of patients, group 2 [high SSI and normal ferritin] had 25.9% of patients, group 3 [low to medium SSI with low ferritin] had 21.4% of patients, and group 4 [low to medium SSI with normal ferritin] had 14.8% of patients. Response to pain symptoms was better in group 1, and relapse rate was higher in group 2.

Conclusion:
CNMSP of unknown etiology itself is a heterogeneous entity, and assessment based on the BPS model can be very useful to understand the treatment plan and outcome of these patients.
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: A case report of an emerging and rare pathogen of neonatal meningitis isolated from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kannuri Sriram , Gandham Nageswari R. , Das Nikunja Kumar , Vyawahare Chanda R. , Mirza Shahzad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Elizabethkingia meningosepticum is ubiquitous in nature, though not a normal human flora but it is an emerging pathogen amongst immunocompromised patients. E. meningosepticum can cause a variety of infections and septicaemia and meningitis have been reported amongst immunocompromised. It is difficult to treat with a high mortality rate. This is likely due to its resistance to commonly used antibiotics for Gram-negative infections. In this report, we present a case of a neonate who was admitted for perinatal hypoxia to the neonatal intensive care unit whose blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture sample grew E. meningosepticum. The patient was initially treated with empiric antibiotics for Gram-negative infections and later linezolid. Considering the organism’s unusual susceptibility, profile close surveillance and rapid identification are needed to assist in appropriate and effective treatment.