bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin Liposomes Targeted to Lymph Nodes Inhibit Dendritic Cell Maturation for the Treatment of Transplant Rejection
Authors: Zhou Wuqi , Song Yishu , Yi Luyang , Li Xueke , Ding Mengdan , Zhang Junmin , Wang Yihui , Wang Wenyuan , Wang Lufang , He Mengrong , Jin Qiaofeng , Gao Tang , Xie Mingxing , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe activation of naive T cells by mature dendritic cells (DCs) presenting allograft antigens marks a pivotal stage in triggering transplant rejection. A critical intervention in this process involves the administration of rapamycin, which disrupts the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby impeding DC maturation. Nevertheless, systemic administration of rapamycin faces challenges due to its limited bioavailability, non‐specific targeting, and notable side effects. To address these limitations, LNP@rapa (liposome‐encapsulated rapamycin) is developed, administered via subcutaneous injection. This formulation selectively targets lymph nodes, inhibiting DC maturation within these nodes and mitigating transplant rejection. This study validates the in vivo efficacy of LNP@rapa, demonstrating its ability to hinder DC maturation, reduce inflammatory cytokine secretion, and significantly prolong graft survival in two distinct mouse transplantation models. This study introduces an innovative strategy targeting lymph nodes to impede DC maturation, offering a promising approach to address transplant rejection.
Diallyl disulfide, the bioactive component of Allium species, ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by mediating the crosstalk of farnesoid X receptor and yes‐associated protein 1 signaling pathway
Authors: Dou Jia‐yi , Cui Zhen‐yu , Xuan Mei‐yan , Gao Chong , Li Zhao‐Xu , Lian Li‐hua , Cui Hao‐zhen , Nan Ji‐xing , Wu Yan‐ling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnvironmental pollution, virus infection, allergens, and other factors may cause respiratory disease, which could be improved by dietary therapy. Allium species are common daily food seasoning and have high nutritional and medical value. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the major volatile oil compound of Allium species. The present study aims to explore the preventive effect and potential mechanism of DADS on pulmonary fibrosis. C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally injected with bleomycin (BLM) to establish pulmonary fibrosis and then administrated with DADS. Primary lung fibroblasts or A549 were stimulated with BLM, followed by DADS, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist (GW4064), yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) inhibitor (verteporfin), or silencing of FXR and YAP1. In BLM‐stimulated mice, DADS significantly ameliorated histopathological changes and interleukin‐1β levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. DADS decreased fibrosis markers, HIF‐1α, inflammatory cytokines, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in pulmonary mice and activated fibroblasts. DADS significantly enhanced FXR expression and inhibited YAP1 activation, which functions as GW4064 and verteporfin. A deficiency of FXR or YAP1 could result in the increase of these two protein expressions, respectively. DADS ameliorated extracellular matrix deposition, hypoxia, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and inflammation in FXR or YAP1 knockdown A549. Taken together, targeting the crosstalk of FXR and YAP1 might be the potential mechanism for DADS against pulmonary fibrosis. DADS can serve as a potential candidate or dietary nutraceutical supplement for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
A high throughput approach for measuring soil slaking index
Authors: Phillips Claire L. , Casanova Joaquin J. , Emmett Bryan D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoil wet aggregate stability is widely measured for soil health ratings, and two mobile applications have been recently developed that provide simple and fast measurements of wet aggregate stability on three pea‐sized soil aggregates. However, techniques are needed to scale the test to make it practical for studies with large sample numbers. Here, we describe an approach to measure 10‐min slaking index on 20–36 aggregates simultaneously using a multi‐well plate and automated image analysis. We used this approach to measure 160 soil samples (2120 aggregates) from a long‐term tillage and cover crop trial in a corn (Zea mays L.)‐based agroecosystem in central Iowa. We evaluated the statistical power of slaking index, needed replication, sensitivity to cultural practices, and sensitivity to sample collection date to inform future sampling efforts. We found that small numbers of highly unstable aggregates lead to skewed distributions for slaking index. We concluded that at least 20 aggregates per sample were useful to provide confidence in measurement precision, although the experiment had high statistical power with only 10–12 replicates per sample. Slaking index was not sensitive to the initial size of dry aggregates (3‐ to 10‐mm diameter); therefore, pre‐sieving soils was not necessary. Consistent with prior studies, the field trial showed greater aggregate stability under no‐till than chisel plow practice and changing stability over a growing season. This multi‐well method will help researchers measure a useful soil health indicator with greater precision, and more efficiently sample spatial and temporal variation.
Synthesis of β‐Truxinate via [2+2] Cycloaddition of Methyl 4‐Nitrocinnamate: Kinetic Study of its Isomerization with DBU.
Authors: Bahena‐Martínez José Daniel , Flores Roberto , Domínguez‐Mendoza Blanca Eda , Hernández‐Vázquez Luis Gabriel , Juaristi Eusebio , Escalante Jaime 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work concerns the isomerization of the product obtained by dimerization of methyl 4‐nitrocinnamate. Subsequent isomerization was performed using 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) as a base to obtain the corresponding ζ‐ and δ‐truxinate derivatives. The process was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy in different deuterated solvents with a wide range of dielectric constants, acetonitrile‐d3, acetone‐d6, tetrahydrofuran‐d8, and benzene‐d6. Each solvent was found to have a distinct influence on the reaction's rate constant k, with acetone‐d6 yielding the highest ratio of ζ‐truxinate derivative. Kinetic analysis of the reaction provided valuable information about the mechanism involved in the isomerization process.
Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction tuned by N Configuration on graphitic Shells of Nickel Particles
Authors: Xue Menghan , Li Fazhan , Li Zhen , Sun Yuxia , Guo Yiping , Li Yuehui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite of high conductivity and reducing ability, transition metal nanoparticles tend to aggregate and unavoidably impact the selectivity during the proton‐coupled reduction process of CO2RR. New strategy to regulate and utilize the electronic property of transition‐metal particles allows for effective tuning of eCO2RR activity. Through simple creation of N‐doped carbon shells surrounding Ni nanoparticles and controlling the amount and arrangement of the N atoms, successful and long‐lasting electrochemical reduction of CO2 was accomplished. The inherent HER activity was almost completely suppressed. It exhibited FECO above 90 % in a 500 mV potential window, with the optimal up to 96.5 % at −0.78 V vs RHE. In flow cell electrolysis, a current density of 289.4 mA/cm2 was achieved with Faradic efficiency of 96.4 % towards CO. The results of control experiments using different catalysts imply that electron transfer between Ni core and shells was significantly influenced by the property of N atoms. High content of graphitic nitrogen is crucial for the catalytic performance.
Unraveling the Oxidation Kinetics Through Electronic Structure Regulation of MnCo2O4.5@Ni3S2 p–n Junction for Urea‐Assisted Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Adhikari Sangeeta , Steinmann Stephan N. , Arunachalam Maheswari , Kang Soon Hyung , Kim Do‐Heyoung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA promising strategy to boost electrocatalytic performance is via assembly of hetero‐nanostructured electrocatalysts that delivers the essential specific surface area and also active sites by lowering the reaction barrier. However, the challenges associated with the intricate designs and mechanisms remain underexplored. Therefore, the present study constructs a p–n junction in a free‐standing MnCo2O4.5@Ni3S2 on Ni‐Foam. The space‐charge region's electrical characteristics is dramatically altered by the formed p–n junction, which enhances the electron transfer process for urea‐assisted electrocatalytic water splitting (UOR). The optimal MnCo2O4.5@Ni3S2 electrocatalyst results in greater oxygen evolution reactivity (OER) than pure systems, delivering an overpotential of only 240 mV. Remarkably, upon employing as UOR electrode the required potential decreases to 30 mV. The impressive performance of the designed catalyst is attributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity, greater number of electrochemical active sites, and improved redox activity due to the junction interface formed between p‐MnCo2O4.5 and n‐Ni3S2. There are strong indications that the in situ formed extreme‐surface NiOOH, starting from Ni3S2, boosts the electrocatalytic activity, i.e., the electrochemical surface reconstruction generates the active species. In conclusion, this work presents a high‐performance p–n junction design for broad use, together with a viable and affordable UOR electrocatalyst.
Versatile Patterning of Liquid Metal via Multiphase 3D Printing
Authors: Patil Dhanush , Liu Siying , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Thummalapalli Sri Vaishnavi , Zhu Yuxiang , Tang Tengteng , Golan Yuval , Miquelard‐Garnier Guillaume , Asadi Amir , Li Xiangjia , Chen Xiangfan , Song Kenan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a scalable and straightforward technique for the immediate patterning of liquid metal/polymer composites via multiphase 3D printing. Capitalizing on the polymer's capacity to confine liquid metal (LM) into diverse patterns. The interplay between distinctive fluidic properties of liquid metal and its self‐passivating oxide layer within an oxidative environment ensures a resilient interface with the polymer matrix. This study introduces an inventive approach for achieving versatile patterns in eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), a gallium alloy. The efficacy of pattern formation hinges on nozzle's design and internal geometry, which govern multiphase interaction. The interplay between EGaIn and polymer within the nozzle channels, regulated by variables such as traverse speed and material flow pressure, leads to periodic patterns. These patterns, when encapsulated within a dielectric polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), exhibit an augmented inherent capacitance in capacitor assemblies. This discovery not only unveils the potential for cost‐effective and highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensors but also underscores prospective applications of these novel patterns in precise motion detection, including heart rate monitoring, and comprehensive analysis of gait profiles. The amalgamation of advanced materials and intricate patterning techniques presents a transformative prospect in the domains of wearable sensing and comprehensive human motion analysis.
Amino‐Induced CO2 Spillover to Boost the Electrochemical Reduction Activity of CdS for CO Production
Authors: Li Ruina , Xie Fei , Kuang Panyong , Liu Tao , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA considerable challenge in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce high‐value‐added chemicals comes from the adsorption and activation of CO2 to form intermediates. Herein, an amino‐induced spillover strategy aimed at significantly enhancing the CO2 adsorption and activation capabilities of CdS supported on N‐doped mesoporous hollow carbon sphere (NH2−CdS/NMHCS) for highly efficient CO2RR is presented. The prepared NH2−CdS/NMHCS exhibits a high CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) exceeding 90% from −0.8 to −1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) with the highest FECO of 95% at −0.9 V versus RHE in H cell. Additional experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate that the alkaline −NH2 group functions as a potent trapping site, effectively adsorbing the acidic CO2, and subsequently triggering CO2 spillover to CdS. The amino modification‐induced CO2 spillover, combined with electron redistribution between CdS and NMHCS, not only readily achieves the spontaneous activation of CO2 to *COOH but also greatly reduces the energy required for the conversion of *COOH to *CO intermediate, thus endowing NH2−CdS/NMHCS with significantly improved reaction kinetics and reduced overpotential for CO2‐to‐CO conversion. It is believed that this research can provide valuable insights into the development of electrocatalysts with superior CO2 adsorption and activation capabilities for CO2RR application.
Injectable Oxygen‐Carrying Microsphere Hydrogel for Dynamic Regulation of Redox Microenvironment of Wounds
Authors: Fu Ya‐Jun , Wang Rao‐Kaijuan , Ma Cheng‐Ye , Wang Li‐Ya , Long Si‐Yu , Li Kai , Zhao Xing , Yang Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe delayed healing of infected wounds can be attributed to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent damages to vascellum and tissue, resulting in a hypoxic wound environment that further exacerbates inflammation. Current clinical treatments including hyperbaric oxygen therapy and antibiotic treatment fail to provide sustained oxygenation and drug‐free resistance to infection. To propose a dynamic oxygen regulation strategy, this study develops a composite hydrogel with ROS‐scavenging system and oxygen‐releasing microspheres in the wound dressing. The hydrogel itself reduces cellular damage by removing ROS derived from immune cells. Simultaneously, the sustained release of oxygen from microspheres improves cell survival and migration in hypoxic environments, promoting angiogenesis and collagen regeneration. The combination of ROS scavenging and oxygenation enables the wound dressing to achieve drug‐free anti‐infection through activating immune modulation, inhibiting the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6, and promoting tissue regeneration in both acute and infected wounds of rat skins. Thus, the composite hydrogel dressing proposed in this work shows great potential for dynamic redox regulation of infected wounds and accelerates wound healing without drugs.
Designing 3D SnS@Cu‐Ni Nanoporous Column Array Electrode for High‐Capacity and High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Liu Huanyan , Pan Tao , Zhang Shichao , Liu Wenbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSn‐based materials with high capacity showcase great potential for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Yet, the large volume change and limited ion/electron transfer efficiency of Sn‐based materials upon operation significantly compromises the battery performance. In this study, a unique 3D copper‐nickel nanoporous column array current collector is rationally developed via a facile template‐free galvanostatic electrodeposition method, followed by electrodepositing SnS active material onto it (denoted as 3D SnS@CNCA). Excitingly, the morphology of the 3D SnS@CNCA electrode perfectly inherited the nanoporous column array structure of the 3D current collector, which not only endows the electrode with a large specific surface area to provide more active sites and sufficient ion/electron transport pathways, but also effectively alleviates the volume expansion of SnS upon repeated charge–discharge cycles. Therefore, the binder‐free 3D SnS@CNCA electrode showcases a significantly enhanced Li storage performance, showing a high initial reversible capacity of 1019.7 mAh g−1 with noteworthy cycling stability (a capacity retention rate of 89.4% after 200 cycles). Moreover, the designed electrode also manifests high rate performance with a high capacity of 570.6 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1. This work provides a novel design idea for the preparation of high‐performance electrodes beyond LIBs.
Defect Regulation Strategy of Porous Persistent Phosphors for Multiple and Dynamic Information Encryption
Authors: Shen Ruichen , He Tianpei , Yao Sailing , Zhang Yun , Peng Tianhuan , Tan Weihong , Chen Na , Yuan Quan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOptical encryption technologies based on persistent luminescence material have currently drawn increasing attention due to the distinctive and long‐lived optical properties, which enable multi‐dimensional and dynamic optical information encryption to improve the security level. However, the controlled synthesis of persistent phosphors remains largely unexplored and it is still a great challenge to regulate the structure for optical properties optimization, which inevitably sets significant limitations on the practical application of persistent luminescent materials. Herein, a controlled synthesis method is proposed based on defect structure regulation and a series of porous persistent phosphors is obtained with different luminous intensities, lifetime, and wavelengths. By simply using diverse templates during the sol–gel process, the oxygen vacancy defects structures are successfully regulated to improve the optical properties. Additionally, the obtained series of porous Al2O3 are utilized for multi‐color and dynamic optical information encryption to increase the security level. Overall, the proposed defect regulation strategy in this work is expected to provide a general and facile method for optimizing the optical properties of persistent luminescent materials, paving new ways for broadening their applications in multi‐dimensional and dynamic information encryption.
Flexural mechanism and design method for precast concrete splice slabs with welded junction plates
Authors: Chen Ying , Shi Hai‐Rong , Zhu Hong , Wang Chun‐Lin , Zeng Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe joints of precast splice slabs significantly impact their flexural bearing capacity. This paper introduces a novel type of precast splice slab, termed the precast concrete splice slab with welded junction plates. A flexural loading test was conducted on 10 specimens (including eight precast splice slabs, one precast slab, and one cast‐in‐place slab). The main conclusions of the test are as follows. Severe damage barely occurred at the joint and at the interface between the precast unit and the cast‐in‐place concrete. The specimen produced flexural type vertical cracks in the tension zone and transverse cracks in the compression zone. When some longitudinal rebars in the precast unit of the specimens were bent into an arc, the cracking and yield loads were lower than those of the ordinary precast or cast‐in‐place slabs. The incorporation of lap‐splice rebar in the cast‐in‐place concrete improved only the yield load of the specimens, while the welding of additional rebar in the precast unit significantly enhanced both the cracking and yield loads. A design method for determining the flexural bearing capacity of the precast concrete splice slab with welded junction plates was established. Meanwhile, the force transfer mechanism of the junction plates needs to be further investigated to establish a more economical design method for the junction plates.
Saw‐cut method verification for determining the most important factors influencing its applicability
Authors: Kralovanec Jakub , Moravcik Martin , Zahuranec Michal , Sifta Radim , Somer Jakub 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current situation with prestressed structures raises questions about the ways how to determine residual prestressing which is the crucial factor for the evaluation of the prestressed structure. Therefore, this study aims to enhance existing knowledge of the so‐called Saw‐cut method which is considered a non‐destructive indirect technique. The presented study focuses on the determination of various factors which could influence the applicability and accuracy of this method such as both compressive and tensile normal stress release, the type of measuring instrument (linear foil strain gauge or newly developed FBG sensor), and the length of the normal stress release recording (up to almost 9 h). The obtained results suggest that tensile normal stress release could be more problematic for the evaluation than compressive normal stress release. Moreover, the application of FBG sensors seems to be more precise but also more complicated regarding the installation, recording and costs. Finally, the time span of the measurement can influence the residual normal stress release. For practical reasons, 60 min after the performance of the final sawing should be sufficient. Finally, when used at locations with adequate compressive normal stress, the Saw‐cut method seems to be a promising tool for prestressing evaluation.
High‐throughput classification of S. cerevisiae tetrads using deep learning
Authors: Szücs Balint , Selvan Raghavendra , Lisby Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMeiotic crossovers play a vital role in proper chromosome segregation and evolution of most sexually reproducing organisms. Meiotic recombination can be visually observed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae tetrads using linked spore‐autonomous fluorescent markers placed at defined intervals within the genome, which allows for analysis of meiotic segregation without the need for tetrad dissection. To automate the analysis, we developed a deep learning‐based image recognition and classification pipeline for high‐throughput tetrad detection and meiotic crossover classification. As a proof of concept, we analyzed a large image data set from wild‐type and selected gene knock‐out mutants to quantify crossover frequency, interference, chromosome missegregation, and gene conversion events. The deep learning‐based method has the potential to accelerate the discovery of new genes involved in meiotic recombination in S. cerevisiae such as the underlying factors controlling crossover frequency and interference.
New Well-Posed boundary conditions for semi-classical Euclidean gravity
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Santos Jorge E. , Wiseman Toby 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We consider four-dimensional Euclidean gravity in a finite cavity. Dirichlet conditions do not yield a well-posed elliptic system, and Anderson has suggested boundary conditions that do. Here we point out that there exists a one-parameter family of boundary conditions, parameterized by a constant p, where a suitably Weyl rescaled boundary metric is fixed, and all give a well-posed elliptic system. Anderson and Dirichlet boundary conditions can be seen as the limits p → 0 and ∞ of these. Focussing on static Euclidean solutions, we derive a thermodynamic first law. Restricting to a spherical spatial boundary, the infillings are flat space or the Schwarzschild solution, and have similar thermodynamics to the Dirichlet case. We consider smooth Euclidean fluctuations about the flat space saddle; for p > 1/6 the spectrum of the Lichnerowicz operator is stable — its eigenvalues have positive real part. Thus we may regard large p as a regularization of the ill-posed Dirichlet boundary conditions. However for p < 1/6 there are unstable modes, even in the spherically symmetric and static sector. We then turn to Lorentzian signature. For p < 1/6 we may understand this spherical Euclidean instability as being paired with a Lorentzian instability associated with the dynamics of the boundary itself. However, a mystery emerges when we consider perturbations that break spherical symmetry. Here we find a plethora of dynamically unstable modes even for p > 1/6, contrasting starkly with the Euclidean stability we found. Thus we seemingly obtain a system with stable thermodynamics, but unstable dynamics, calling into question the standard assumption of smoothness that we have implemented when discussing the Euclidean theory.