bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical True Triaxial Cell for Evaluation of the Impact of Anisotropy on Thermally Induced Volume Changes in Soils
Authors: Russell Coccia Charles James , McCartney John S. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper describes a new thermo-hydro-mechanical true triaxial cell used for the evaluation of the impact of stress-induced anisotropy on thermally induced volume changes in saturated soils. Specifically, details of the experimental setup, instrumentation, thermal calibration of the device, experimental procedures, and typical measurements are presented in this paper. Principal stresses were applied to the sides of a cubical specimen with a side length of 178 mm independently using flexible bladders, while the pore water pressure and temperature were controlled at the top and bottom of the specimen using rigid plates with embedded heaters and fluid control ports. In the testing program, temperatures between 25 and 65 °C were applied in stages to four different specimens of compacted bonny silt which had been consolidated to different initial anisotropic stress states under quasi-plane strain conditions. Consistent volumetric contraction was measured in each of the specimens during heating, regardless of the initial stress state. However, for specimens with a greater initial principal stress difference, the soil was observed to expand in the direction of the minor principal axis and contract in the direction of the major principal stress during heating. Relatively consistent elastic volumetric and axial contraction was noted during cooling regardless of initial stress state. The results from this preliminary investigation indicate the importance of measuring the impact of temperature changes in the directions of anisotropic stresses as part of the design of thermally active geotechnical systems.
Resistance of Short, Stiff Piles to Multidirectional Lateral Loadings
Authors: Su D. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Lateral loads applied to pile foundations in some cases are multidirectional. However, most of the past studies only considered soil-pile interaction under unidirectional horizontal loadings. This paper describes a comprehensive experimental study on a pile-sand system under both unidirectional and multidirectional horizontal loadings using a computer numerically controlled biaxial motion platform. The displacement paths at the pile head include unidirectional regular paths, cross paths, figure-8 paths, and unidirectional and multidirectional irregular paths with different displacement amplitudes and different aspect ratios of the displacement amplitudes along two horizontal directions (α). The test results indicate that the preloading along one horizontal direction influences the subsequent response along the orthogonal horizontal direction, in terms of the pile resistance and the direction of the force increment vector. In the figure-8 tests, the shapes of the force-displacement curves in most cases differ significantly from that obtained from the unidirectional regular test and different from the unidirectional regular test, the maximum forces appear before the displacements reach the maximum values. In these tests, the direction of the force increment vector always deviates from the direction of the displacement increment vector. According to the results of the regular and irregular loading tests, the lateral resistance of the pile under the multidirectional paths is generally lower than that under the unidirectional path, and the degree of reduction increases with the aspect ratio (α). The ratio of force (rF), defined as the maximum force in the multidirectional tests to that in the unidirectional test, can be expressed as an exponential function of α. Considering that the reduction in the resistance can reach as large as about 30%, overlooking the multidirectional loading effect can lead to unconservative analysis or design in some cases.
Mendel’s Genes: Toward a Full Molecular Characterization
Authors: Reid James B , Ross John J 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe discipline of classical genetics is founded on the hereditary behavior of the seven genes studied by Gregor Mendel. The advent of molecular techniques has unveiled much about the identity of these genes. To date, four genes have been sequenced: A (flower color), LE (stem length), I (cotyledon color), and R (seed shape). Two of the other three genes, GP (pod color) and FA (fasciation), are amenable to candidate gene approaches on the basis of their function, linkage relationships, and synteny between the pea and Medicago genomes. However, even the gene (locus) identity is not known for certain for the seventh character, the pod form, although it is probably V. While the nature of the mutations used by Mendel cannot be determined with certainty, on the basis of the varieties available in Europe in the 1850s, we can speculate on their nature. It turns out that these mutations are attributable to a range of causes—from simple base substitutions and changes to splice sites to the insertion of a transposon-like element. These findings provide a fascinating connection between Mendelian genetics and molecular biology that can be used very effectively in teaching new generations of geneticists. Mendel’s characters also provide novel insights into the nature of the genes responsible for characteristics of agronomic and consumer importance.
A Restricted Test of Single-Word Intelligibility in 3-Year-Old Children with and without Cleft Palate
Authors: Willadsen Elisabeth , Poulsen Mads 
Published: September 2011

Objective In a previous study, children with cleft palate with hard palate closure at 12 months of age showed more typical phonological development than did children with an unrepaired hard palate at 36 months of age. This finding was based on narrow transcription of word initial target consonants obtained from a simple naming test. To evaluate the relevance of this finding, we investigated how well the children's target words were understood by 84 naive listeners. Design A cross-sectional study. Participants Data obtained from 28 children with unilateral cleft lip and palate, 3 years of age, who received hard palate closure at either 12 months (hard palate repaired; HPR) or 36 months (hard palate unrepaired; HPU) were compared with data obtained from 14 age-matched, typically developing control children. Methods Video recordings of the children naming target words were shown to 84 naive listeners between 15 and 24 years of age who typed the word they heard. Results The findings of this study indicated that naive listeners correctly identified a larger percentage of words in the control children followed by children in the HPR group. Children in the HPU group were more difficult for the naive listeners to understand. The error of retraction/backing of alveolar target consonants to velar place of articulation occurred frequently and most often in the HPU group and was found to have a negative effect on intelligibility.
Psychosocial, Feeding, and Drooling Outcomes in Children with Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome following Tongue Reduction Surgery
Authors: Shipster C. , Morgan A. , Dunaway D. 
Published: September 2011

Objective Macroglossia is a common feature of Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS). Tongue reduction surgery (TRS) is advocated to overcome, or reduce, the secondary effects of macroglossia. Macroglossia may affect a child's cosmetic appearance, feeding, and drooling function. However, no study has systematically reported on feeding, drooling, or psychosocial outcomes preoperatively and postoperatively in this group. This study aimed to describe the presurgical and postsurgical psychosocial, feeding, and drooling outcomes of children with macroglossia associated with BWS and to determine the effect of TRS on these areas. Design Clinical cohort study. Participants Ten consecutively admitted children with BWS (age at surgery from 9 months to 4 years, 9 months [4;9]; mean, 2;7) were assessed preoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and at long-term follow-up. Main Outcome Measures A parental report questionnaire, the Brodsky drooling scale, and a feeding rating scale. Results Parents reported that macroglossia had a negative impact cosmetically that was ameliorated following surgery. Macroglossia caused a range of feeding difficulties presurgically by preventing lip seal and bolus manipulation during the oral preparatory phase. Excessive drooling was present in all cases presurgically. This resolved partially across the group postsurgically, with almost complete recovery at longer-term follow-up assessment. Conclusions Presurgically, children show a common profile of feeding and drooling impairment with negative effects on cosmetic appearance. Our preliminary results demonstrate that TRS has a positive impact on these features with good outcomes for children with BWS.
Left-Sided Predominance of Hypodontia Irrespective of Cleft Sidedness in a French Population
Authors: Matern Olivier , Sauleau Erik-André , Tschill Pascal , Perrin-Schmitt Fabienne , Grollemund Bruno 
Published: September 2011

Objective Individuals with oral clefts exhibit considerably more dental anomalies than do individuals without clefts. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of tooth agenesis in a sample composed of 124 children (81 boys and 43 girls, mean age 12.5 years) with clefts registered with the Cleft Palate Center in Strasbourg (France). Design Cleft types and dental agenesis were assessed by clinical and radiographic examination. Cleft types were divided into four groups according to the clinical extent of the cleft (cleft lip only [CL, 12.9%], cleft lip and alveolus [CLA, 4%], cleft lip and palate [CLP, 49.2%], and cleft palate only [CP, 33.9%]). Results Of the subjects 63% had evidence of hypodontia: maxillary lateral incisors (54%) and upper and lower premolars (32%) were the most common missing teeth. The number of dental ageneses associated with CP (54%) and CLP (79%) was significantly higher than that with CL (33%). All these anomalies were found in proportionately higher frequencies as the severity of the cleft increased, and we found left side predominance for hypodontia (p < .01) irrespective of cleft sidedness. Conclusions Both right-sided and left-sided clefts were more frequently correlated with left-sided dental agenesis. This left-sided prevalence suggests that common signaling malfunctions might be involved, both in dental development anomalies and cleft genesis.
TBX22 and Tongue-Tie
Authors: Klockars Tuomas , Kyttänen Suvi , Ellonen Pekka 
Published: September 2011

Objective To resolve if TBX22 mutations cause isolated tongue-tie in the Finnish population. Design Mutation analysis of the coding region of the TBX22 gene in 50 Finnish isolated tongue-tie patients and 61 control samples. Results One putative sequence variation was identified from two male patients, but whether this represents a polymorphism or causative mutation remains unknown. Conclusions Mutations in the coding region of the TBX22 gene are not a major cause of aankyloglossia in the Finnish population and do not explain the sex difference or inheritance of tongue-tie.
Peut-on vieillir sans médecins ? La réponse des auteurs de régimes de santé ou « conseils pour vivre longtemps » aux xviie et xviiie siècles
Authors: Crignon-De Oliveira Claire 
Published: September 2011

L’examen du corpus constitué par les régimes de santé en Europe, entre la fin du xvie siècle et le xviiie siècle, permet d’apporter des réponses intéressantes à la question de savoir si l’on peut vieillir sans médecins. Depuis le Trattato de vita sobria de l’Italien Luigi Cornaro (1558) jusqu’à The History of Health and the Art of Preserving it (1758) rédigée par l’Écossais James MacKenzie, on assiste à un effort pour distinguer le processus naturel du vieillissement de la vieillesse comme maladie. L’approche médicale préventive et diététique du vieillissement se trouve ainsi intégrée au sein d’une réflexion anthropologique et le projet de prolongation de la vie justifiée d’un point de vue théologique. L’enjeu est bien de s’efforcer de penser le sens moral, politique et plus généralement existentiel d’une vie humaine prolongée.
Ville, sujet et langue scolarisés
Authors: Castellanos Pfeiffer Claudia 
Published: September 2011

Cet article entend mettre en évidence les ressemblances dans la façon dont les processus de scolarisation et d’urbanisation produisent des effets de sens chez le sujet, ce qui amène à penser le rapport ville/école à partir d’un sujet que j’appelle « sujet urbain scolarisé », c’est-à-dire un sujet traversé par l’écriture comme mode d’inscription dans le monde. La définition de « sujet urbain scolarisé » revient à penser la relation étroite entre « être dans une position autorisée à dire » (processus d’autorisation produit par l’école) et « être dans une position autorisée à avoir de l’urbanité » (civilisé). Ces ressemblances ont surgi dans l’administration des sens de l’espace occupé et dans celle des modes d’occupation de cet espace. Cette réflexion passe par les relations duelles langue/État, civilité/non-civilité, sujet/espace, unité/dispersion, scolarisation/urbanisation.
Généalogie du concept d’assimilation. Une comparaison franco-britannique
Authors: Hajjat Abdellali 
Published: September 2011

Malgré la popularité du concept d’assimilation en sciences sociales, on connaît finalement peu de chose sur son origine intellectuelle. Cet article vise à faire la généalogie de ce concept dans une perspective franco-britannique. Sa traduction du latin vers le français et l’anglais conserve la signification de « similitude » mais le concept se sécularise, d’une part, à travers le langage des sciences naturelles dont l’influence favorise une réappropriation pour décrire les relations humaines et, d’autre part, le discours historique anglais et le discours politique colonial français. Dans le contexte britannique, l’assimilation devient une qualité collective attribuée à tout un peuple, puis utilisée en naturalisant les différences entre les peuples pour les rendre irréductibles et enfin s’enrichit d’une acception administrative. En France, la politisation du concept d’assimilation dans les discours et réglementations coloniaux provoque un bouleversement sémantique qui l’associe au concept d’égalité.
Chefs d’orchestre de la sûreté des entreprises à l’ère de la sécurité globale
Authors: Ocqueteau Frédéric 
Published: September 2011

Basé sur une enquête inédite portant sur les services internes de sûreté de grandes entreprises françaises, l’article analyse le statut, le poste et le rôle du directeur de sûreté. Personnage plutôt méconnu, il représente pourtant une pièce majeure d’interface dans les divers assemblages policiers, à l’heure de la montée d’une idéologie dite de la sécurité globale propagée par divers think tanks néoconservateurs proches des intérêts du complexe militaro-industriel et par certaines directions d’entreprises à rayonnement international. L’article explore trois dimensions. D’une part, il appréhende les investissements cognitifs, normatifs et éthiques vécus par le titulaire du poste à partir de son périmètre d’action en prévention des risques et menaces au sein de son entreprise. Il pointe, d’autre part, la mise en tension de deux logiques d’action : savoir démontrer la rentabilité relative des investissements sécuritaires à la direction de l’entreprise tout en sachant se conformer aux impératifs de protection non négociables dans les domaines décrétés d’importance vitale par les pouvoirs publics. Il suggère enfin une explication possible à la reconversion massive des militaires et des gendarmes dans ces postes : une solution de compromis organisationnel honorable censée atténuer l’âpreté des conflits d’intérêts entre logiques d’État et logiques du marché dans la production de la sûreté générale.
La qualité des plages au cœur de la gestion integrée des zones cotières : l’exemple du plan d’action Oléron qualité littoral (Côte atlantique française)
Authors: Duvat Virginie 
Published: September 2011

Cet article montre en quoi les politiques de qualité du littoral peuvent soutenir la mise en œuvre opérationnelle de la Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières (GIZC). Il s’appuie sur l’expérimentation, actuellement menée par le Pays Marennes Oléron dans sa partie insulaire, l’île d’Oléron, à travers la réalisation du plan d’action « Oléron Qualité Littoral » (OQL). L’auteur développe plus particulièrement trois volets: la construction et la mise en œuvre du projet de territoire et du plan d’action destiné à le réaliser; le rôle de l’intégration science-gestion dans la mise en pratique de la GIZC; les conditions et difficultés de mise en œuvre de la gestion intégrée.
La gestion intégrée côtière et marine : nouvelles perspectives
Authors: Lefebvre Christophe 
Published: September 2011

Au niveau global et régional, la gestion intégrée côtière et marine en tant que processus itératif partant de l’évaluation scientifique vers l’aménagement intégré des côtes en passant par de nouveaux modes de gouvernance, doit être aussi reconnue comme un enjeu stratégique de développement durable de la partie marine des zones côtières. Il est impératif à cet égard qu’elle puisse se développer dans de nouveaux protocoles aux conventions régionales sur les mers où elle a toute sa place. Le comité opérationnel du Grenelle de la mer a d’ailleurs proposé au gouvernement de passer de la Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières à la Gestion Intégrée de la Mer et du Littoral, aux niveaux national et par façade maritime en s’appuyant notamment sur les mesures visant à élaborer la « stratégie nationale de la mer et du littoral », et à la déclinaison de cette stratégie par façade. En ce qui concerne les intentions, la France vient de faire un grand pas en avant vers la mer, ce territoire vingt fois plus grand que sa partie terrestre, au rang de la deuxième superficie maritime nationale au monde. Au regard des enjeux de développement durable, la France se doit de réussir la stratégie nationale de la mer et du littoral et d’établir les bases d’une planification spatiale marine indispensable aux acteurs de l’environnement et de l’économie, littoral et maritime.
High Clonality of Virus-Specific T Lymphocytes Defined by TCR Usage in the Brains of Mice Infected with West Nile Virus
Authors: Kitaura Kazutaka , Fujii Yoshiki , Hayasaka Daisuke , Matsutani Takaji , Shirai Kenji , Nagata Noriyo , Lim Chang-Kweng , Suzuki Satsuki , Takasaki Tomohiko , Suzuki Ryuji , Kurane Ichiro 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIt has been reported that brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes play critical roles in the clearance of West Nile virus (WNV) from the brains of mice. We characterized brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes by analyzing the TCR α- and β-chain repertoires, T cell clonality, and CDR3 sequences. CD3+CD8+ T cells were localized in the WNV-infected brains. The expression of CD3, CD8, CD25, CD69, perforin, and granzymes positively correlated with viral RNA levels, and high levels of expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 were detected in the brains, suggesting that Th1-like cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are expanded in the brains in response to WNV infection. The brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes dominantly used TCR genes, VA1-1, VA2-1, VB5-2, and VB8-2, and exhibited a highly oligoclonal TCR repertoire. Interestingly, the brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes had different patterns of TCR repertoire usages among WNV-, Japanese encephalitis virus-, and tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected mice. Moreover, CD8+ T cells isolated from the brains of WNV-infected mice produced IFN-γ and TNF-α after in vitro stimulation with peritoneal cells infected with WNV, but not with Japanese encephalitis virus. The results suggest that the infiltrating CD8+ T cells were WNV-specific, but not cross-reactive among flaviviruses. T cells from the WNV-infected brains exhibited identical or similar CDR3 sequences in TCRα among tested mice, but somewhat diverse sequences in TCRβ. The results indicate that WNV-specific CD3+CD8+ T cells expanding in the infected brains are highly oligoclonal, and they suggest that TCR α-chains play a dominant and critical role in Ag specificity of WNV-specific T cells.
TOSO, the Fcμ Receptor, Is Highly Expressed on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells, Internalizes upon IgM Binding, Shuttles to the Lysosome, and Is Downregulated in Response to TLR Activation
Authors: Vire Bérengère , David Alexandre , Wiestner Adrian 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
TOSO/FAIM3 recently has been identified as the long-sought-after FcR for IgM (FcμR). FcμR is expressed on human CD19+ B cells, CD4+/CD8+ T cells, and CD56+/CD3- NK cells and has been shown to be overexpressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. CLL is a malignancy of mature IgM+ B lymphocytes that display features of polyreactive, partially anergized B cells related to memory B cells. In this article, we report that FcμR is O-glycosylated in its extracellular domain and identify the major sites of O-glycosylation. By using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, we found that FcμR localized to the cell membrane but also found that large pools of FcμR accumulate in the trans-Golgi network. Aggregation of FcμR on CLL cells by IgM prompted rapid internalization of both IgM and FcμR, reaching half-maximal internalization of cell-bound IgM within 1 min. Upon internalization, FcμR transported IgM through the endocytic pathway to the lysosome, where it was degraded. Using a series of FcμR deletion mutants, we identified a proline-rich domain essential for cell surface expression of FcμR and a second domain, containing a YXXΦ motif, that controls internalization. Although it has been reported that BCR activation increases FcμR expression, we found that activation of TLRs strongly downregulated FcμR at both the mRNA and protein levels. Through internalization of IgM bound immune complexes, FcμR may play a role in immune surveillance and contribute to B cell activation. In addition, FcμR deserves study as a potential pathway for the delivery of therapeutic Ab–drug conjugates into CLL cells.
Control of Pathogenic CD4 T Cells and Lethal Immunopathology by Signaling Immunoadaptor DAP12 during Influenza Infection
Authors: McCormick Sarah , Shaler Christopher R. , Small Cherrie-Lee , Horvath Carly , Damjanovic Daniela , Brown Earl G. , Aoki Naoko , Takai Toshiyuki , Xing Zhou 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Immunopathology is a major cause of influenza-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the role and regulatory mechanisms of CD4 T cells in severe lung immunopathology following acute influenza infection are poorly understood. In this paper, we report that the emergence of immunopathogenic CD4 T cells is under the control of a transmembrane immunoadaptor DAP12 pathway during influenza infection. We find that the mice lacking DAP12 have unaltered viral clearance but easily succumb to influenza infection as a result of uncontrolled immunopathology. Such immunopathology is associated with markedly increased CD4 T cells displaying markedly increased cytotoxicity and Fas ligand expression. Furthermore, the immunopathogenic property of these CD4 T cells is transferrable. Thus, depletion of CD4 T cells or abrogation of Fas/Fas ligand signaling pathway improves survival and immunopathology. We further find that DAP12 expressed by dendritic cells plays an important role in controlling the immunopathogenic CD4 T cells during influenza infection. Our findings identify a novel pathway that controls the level of immune-pathogenic CD4 T cells during acute influenza infection.