bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training of Community Health Workers in Diabetes Lead to Improved Outcomes for Diabetes Screening and Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Gudlavalleti Anirudh Gaurang , Babu Giridhara R , Kamalakannan Sureshkumar , Murthy G V S , Schaper Nicolaas C , van Schayck Onno C P 
Published: June 2024

Background
Diabetes is a growing concern worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Type 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes a significant proportion of cases and is associated with debilitating microvascular complications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is steadily increasing among the LMICs where many barriers to health care exist. Thus, task shifting to community health workers (CHWs) has been proposed as a solution to improve diabetes management in these settings. However, CHWs often lack the necessary training to manage diabetes effectively. Thus, a systematic review is required to present evidence of the highest degree for this intervention.

Objective
This study aims to establish the protocols for a systemic review.

Methods
Using the Participants Intervention Comparator Outcome Time Study Design (PICOTS) framework, this study outlines a systematic review aiming to evaluate the impact of training programs for CHWs in diabetes management in LMICs. Quantitative studies focusing on CHWs, diabetes training, focusing on diabetes management outcomes like hemoglobin A1c levels and fasting blood glucose levels, between January 2000 and December 2023 and found on databases such as PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, BASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science will be included. We will include randomized controlled trials but will also include observational studies if we find less than 5 randomized controlled trials. An author committee consisting of 3 reviewers will be formed, where 2 reviewers will conduct the review independently while the third will resolve all disputes. The Cochrane Methods Risk of Bias Tool 2 will be used for assessing the risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach for the meta-analysis and narrative synthesis analysis will be used. The results will be presented in a PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) diagram.

Results
The review will begin in May 2024 and conclude in 3 months.

Conclusions
The review will synthesize existing evidence and provide insights into the effectiveness of such programs, informing future research and practice in diabetes care in LMICs.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022341717; https://tinyurl.com/jva2hpdr

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/57313
Using the Preparation Phase of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy to Design an Antiextremism Program in Bahrain: Formative and Pilot Research
Authors: Rulison Kelly , Weaver GracieLee , Milroy Jeffrey , Beamon Emily , Kelly Samantha , Ameeni Ali , Juma Amina , Abualgasim Fadhel , Husain Jaafar , Wyrick David 
Published: June 2024

Background
Extremism continues to raise concerns about conflict and violent attacks that can lead to deaths, injuries, trauma, and stress. Adolescents are especially vulnerable to radicalization by extremists. Given its location in a region that often experiences extremism, Bahrain developed 4 peaceful coexistence lessons and 4 antiextremism lessons to be implemented as part of their Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) program.

Objective
The aim of this study is to report the results of the preparation phase of the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) to develop a peaceful coexistence program and an antiextremism program implemented by D.A.R.E. officers in Bahrain.

Methods
We developed conceptual models for the peaceful coexistence and antiextremism programs, indicating which mediators each lesson should target, the proximal outcomes that should be shaped by these mediators, and the distal and ultimate outcomes that the intervention should change. We recruited 20 middle schools to pilot test our research protocol, survey measures, and the existing intervention lessons. A total of 854 seventh and ninth grade students completed a pretest survey, 4 peaceful coexistence intervention lessons, and an immediate posttest survey; and a total of 495 ninth grade students completed the pretest survey, 4 antiextremism lessons, and an immediate posttest survey. A series of 3-level models, nesting students within classrooms within schools, tested mean differences from pretest to posttest.

Results
Pilot test results indicated that most measures had adequate reliability and provided promising evidence that the existing lessons could change some of the targeted mediators and proximal outcomes. Specifically, students who completed the peaceful coexistence lessons reported significant changes in 5 targeted mediating variables (eg, injunctive norms about intolerance, P<.001) and 3 proximal outcomes [eg, social skills empathy (P=.008); tolerance beliefs (P=.041)]. Students who completed the antiextremism lessons reported significant changes in 3 targeted mediators [eg, self-efficacy to use resistance skills themselves (P<.001)], and 1 proximal outcome (ie, social skills empathy, P<.001).

Conclusions
An effective antiextremism program has the potential to protect youth from radicalization and increase peaceful coexistence. We used the preparation phase of MOST to (1) develop a conceptual model, (2) identify the 4 lessons in each program as the components we will evaluate in the optimization phase of MOST, (3) pilot test the existing lessons, our newly developed measures, and research protocol, and (4) determine that our optimization objective will be all effective components. We will use these results to revise the existing lessons and conduct optimization trials to evaluate the efficacy of the individual lessons.
Association between the 5G cost and reliability in healthcare (Preprint)
Authors: Hu Ruoxiao 
Published: June 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

In this article, we look at the hidden side of the prevailed advantages, specifically the reliability and cost issues associated with the implementation of 5G in healthcare. Healthcare is a safe industry and has a tolerance of margin of error to be zero to none. Given that healthcare is essential for mankind, the introduction of new technology has to be reliable. Furthermore, without a proper analysis of cost and funding, any decision of such investment will be bound to fail. In reliability, we have discussed how 5G interferes with the current proven successful healthcare practice, how 5G is susceptible to data theft and hacking and the misappropriate use of medical data for ulterior motives. In cost, the upgrade requirements needed, how costs are derived from one aspect to another and the funding to support the change are also discussed.

There are still many loopholes and questions left unanswered in this aspect, though it is believed to bring positive changes to the healthcare industry, through our findings, we conclude that this technology is unready, and the aforementioned problems have to be dealt with prior to introducing it to the society.
Dietary regimens for chronic hepatic diseases: advice and compliance
Authors: Labib Nargis Albert , Mahmoud Kamel Laila , Salama Rasha A. , El Aguizy Fayrouz M. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Nutrition is coming to the fore as a major determinant of chronic diseases, and scientific evidence supports this view. The link between diet and chronic liver disease is an important area of study, as it could help reduce the suffering and the economic burden caused by liver disease. The study aimed to assess the current dietary guidelines of chronic hepatic disease patients and to determine their compliance and that of service providers to following these guidelines.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in the inpatient section of one of Cairo’s University hospitals in Egypt for a duration of 12 months. Interviewing questionnaires were used to collect the required data from 60 patients and 20 service providers. The objective of the study was adequately explained to participants and their consensus was obtained with assured confidentiality.Results: The majority of patients (73.5%) received dietary advice from hospital physicians only or in conjunction with their private physician. The advice was given orally by 100% of hospital physicians though only by 21% of private physicians which could have negatively affected patients’ compliance. About 60 % of the patients claimed to be compliant with the dietary regimens prescribed. Non compliance was related to lack of supportive measures 52.2%) or to negative patient attitude (48.8%). Hospital meals were not satisfactory neither to the service providers nor to clients. Hospital physicians did not properly prescriberegimens for reasons related to insufficient knowledge (66.7%), patients' attitudes (20%) and patients’ overload (13.3%).Conclusions: A standardized comprehensive set of dietary guidelines for different liver disease patientsshould be developed and communicated to service providers so as to promote compliance amongst patients.
Patient safety in Europe: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Donaldson Liam 
Published: June 2024

Healthcare has been relatively slow in comparison to other industries to recognize itself as a high risk activity. Recent estimates suggest that 1 in 10 patients admitted to hospital experience some form of unintended harm. In both human and economic terms, the need to reduce these unacceptable levels of harm is impossible to ignore. Patient safety is a serious concern for many EU Member States.
This has been given impetus by both the UK and Luxembourg Presidencies of the European Union, both of which have made patient safety a headline health priority theme.
The overriding aims of patient safety activity during the UK Presidency have been to ensure that:
• patient safety becomes a key priority on the European health agenda, both at EU level and in individual Member States there are concrete mechanisms and practical programmes of activity established at the EU level to take forward patient safety issues
• Activity at the European level also aims to build upon the programme established by the World Health Organization through the World Alliance for Patient Safety and the work of other key partners.
Much remains to be done to achieve safer care for patients across Europe. Action at the European level has a vital role to play in ensuring that safe care is a core part of health system improvements in all countries. Safe care can never be an optional extra; it is the right of every patient who entrusts their care to our health care systems.
The health in the Italian regions. Synthesis of the Osservasalute Report 2004
Authors: Folino-Gallo Pietro , Ricciardi Walter 
Published: June 2024

Osservasalute is the Italian Health Observatory (http://www.osservasalute.it) and it is aimed to study performances of regional health systems, to monitor quality of care in the Italian regions, to disseminate the main results of these activities and provide information to support decisions and choices of health programs and the allocation of resources.[1]
In 2004 Osservasalute has published the results of its activity in the Osservasalute report 2004.
A critical analysis of the data reported has revealed some phenomena of particular interest:
1. the good health of the Italian population;
2. the remarkable improvements obtained in last the 10-20 years, accompanied by a substantial reduction in regional differences;
3. a good level of regional health services;
4. the persistence of geographical variations;
5. the risk of incoherent and disconnected policy planning between several of the regions.
Comparative medicine - with some thoughts about the integration of medical and veterinary education
Authors: McConnell Ian 
Published: June 2024

The common pool of knowledge between veterinary and medical medicine has been frequently exploited to provide insights into basic biomedical science and its application in such areas as vaccine development, therapeutics and diagnostics. In this paper the essential interplay between the disciplines of medicine and veterinary medicine is discussed and illustrated in detail in such areas as prion diseases, zoonotic infectious diseases and genetic diseases of dogs.Considerations are also made about the integration of medical and veterinary education, with indications of the critical needs for maximizing the opportunities for “One Medicine" both in medical and veterinary education and for research.The essential and fascinating interplay between medicine, veterinary medicine and basic biomedical sciences can do more to advance knowledge in both medicine and veterinary medicine than either can achieve on their own....
Management of acute-onset pancreatitis in dogs: a Narrative Review
Authors: Lim Sue Yee , Cridge Harry , Twedt David C. , Ohta Hiroshi , Nuruki Takaomi , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Acute-onset pancreatitis (AP) is common in dogs and presents diagnostic as well as management challenges. Until recently, the management of AP in dogs was based mainly on supportive and symptomatic care. Identification and management of a possible cause of the disease is important, but the majority of cases are considered to be idiopathic. Fluid therapy that is tailored to the patient’s needs is crucial to provide adequate hydration while preventing overhydration. Antiemetics are required to control vomiting and fluid loss and aid in early nutritional support. Recognition and management of complications is also crucial. Furthermore, analgesics for abdominal pain are very important. More recently, pharmaceutical modification of the inflammatory cascade has gained interest and the first specific therapeutic agent for the treatment of AP, fuzapladib sodium, has been shown to have a reasonable expectation of effectiveness in a pilot study. This drug has been licensed for the treatment of clinical signs of AP in dogs in Japan and also has achieved FDA conditional approval in the US. Antibiotics should not be used indiscriminately but are indicated for patients with aspiration pneumonia, gastrointestinal bacterial translocation, or evidence of another bacterial infection. Proton pump inhibitors and plasma are not routinely prescribed in pancreatitis unless specifically indicated. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided. Corticosteroid therapy, once thought to be contraindicated, may have some beneficial effects, as shown in a single retrospective study. However, further studies are required before their routine use can be recommended. Finally, a surgical approach is rarely indicated.
Clinical research self-efficacy in academic veterinary clinicians in the United States
Authors: Moore Sarah A. , O’Kell Allison 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Clinical research is a growing part of the academic clinician’s job, and documenting areas of low self-efficacy can inform training initiatives.

SAMPLE
182 US academic veterinary clinicians.

METHODS
A survey of academic veterinary clinicians was distributed to 31 US institutions. Self-efficacy was assessed with a modified Clinical Research Appraisal Instrument–12. The relationship between research self-efficacy and completion of formal research training and years of experience was evaluated.

RESULTS
Respondents were predominantly junior to midcareer faculty. The lowest reported confidence was in performing advanced statistical analyses (3; 0 to 10). Other low-confidence tasks included designing a qualitative methods study (4; 0 to 10), terminating a collaboration that isn’t working (5; 0 to 10), describing a funding agency’s review/award process (5; 0 to 10), establishing a timeline for a grant application (5; 0 to 10), establishing collaborator and consultant agreements (5; 0 to 10), and asking staff to leave the project team (5; 0 to 10). Completion of a formal research training program was significantly associated with improved self-efficacy in many tasks. Years of experience was also associated, especially in project management and interpersonal interactions.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These results highlight the need for targeted training opportunities for academic veterinary clinicians in biostatistical support, qualitative study design methods, and aspects of communication and interpersonal skills that are important for developing and leading effective research teams. Range of confidence suggests that development opportunities in all domains will improve self-efficacy for some clinicians. Future studies should focus on the impact of formal training sessions on various domains of self-efficacy and on targeted mentoring in supporting confidence in more experiential learning domains.
Site-specific efficient management of soil resources using GIS and BIM technologies
Authors: Borkowski Andrzej Szymon , Bielska Anna , Kwiatkowska-Malina Jolanta 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The spatial data sets of soil resources are essential for the interpretation of the site-specific ecosystems, not only concerning process investigations, but also for sustainable soil management The objective of the study was to attempt identification of the primary parameters influencing the rational management of soils available without the necessity of carrying out time-consuming and costly field and laboratory research. The research was carried out in the Pawłów commune (north-eastern part of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland). The research included the application of different methods and interpretation of source materials, including (i) digital soil-agricultural map, (ii) annex to the soil-agricultural map at a scale of 1:5000, (iii) soil quality contours, (iv) digital terrain model, and (v) orthophotomaps. Obtaining data concerning soil type and/or agricultural usefulness complexes would require conducting a generalisation process. Publicly available ortophotomaps and cartographic materials in the form of topographic maps and a numerical terrain model were analysed to determine the extent of soils to be protected. The rational management of space and soil resources can be visualised and documented using BIM technology; however, relying on GIS data is not the most straightforward task due to the lack of integration on the BIM-GIS line. This paper presents the current state of the art and attempts to address selected problems in this area.
Трансформация транспортной доступности и развитие туризма в Тоджинском кожууне Республики Тыва
Authors: Куклина Мария Владимировна , Красноштанова Наталья Евгеньевна , Дирин Денис Александрович , Богданов Виктор Николаевич , Труфанов Андрей Иванович 
Published: June 2024

В статье выявляются закономерности социальных процессов во взаимосвязях и взаимовлиянии развития туризма, транспортной инфраструктуры и местного сообщества в Тоджинском кожууне Республики Тыва. Интерес к данной территории обусловлен значительными переменами в ней, связанными с введением в эксплуатацию дороги Кызыл — Тоора-Хем (2009 г.) и недавним (2022 г.) открытием моста, связавшим берега Большого Енисея Также в ходе обследования зафиксировано отношение социума к происходящим изменениям в рассматриваемой сфере.
Актуальная проблема заключается в том, что в реализации территориальных и отраслевых планов развития, часто возникают противоречия между участниками, вовлеченными в этот процесс. Возможные расхождения обусловлены разнонаправленными интересами (индивидуальными и групповыми) множественных представителей различных сторон. Характерные противоречия проявляются в отношениях коренного населения к развитию туризма.
Авторы выделили ряд групп населения с разноплановыми интересами, демонстрирующих различное отношение к освещаемой проблеме: представители администрации — как с оптимизмом и перспективой экономического развития, так и с проведением дополнительной профилактической работы; представители учреждений бюджетной сферы и пенсионеры — с осторожностью, но пониманием большей доступности к медицинским и образовательным услугам; представители организаций, прямо или косвенно связанных с обслуживанием туристов — с возможностью получения дополнительного дохода; представители организаций, не связанных с туризмом — нейтрально без конкуренции население; не связанных с туризмом — двоякое, противоречивое, с пониманием как плюсов в развитии транспортного сообщения и минусов от воздействия на культурную и природную среду.
Общетюркская лексика в наименованиях орудий труда якутского языка (лексические параллели в тюркских языках Сибири)
Authors: Скрябина Алевтина Афанасьевна 
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматриваются наименования орудий труда в якутском языке общетюркского происхождения в сравнении с родственными алтайским, хакасским, тувинским языками. Источниками исследования послужили “Словарь якутского языка” Э. К. Пекарского, “Большой толковый словарь якутского языка” в 15 томах под редакцией П. А. Слепцова, “Алтайско-русский словарь” под редакцией А. Э. Чумакаева и других, “Хакасско-русский словарь” под общей редакцией О. В. Субраковой и “Тувинско-русский словарь” под редакцией Э. Р. Тенишева.
Исходя из сфер употребления, наименования орудий труда в якутском языке делятся автором на 7 групп: 1) наименования орудий для скотоводства; 2) наименования орудий для охоты; 3) наименования орудий для рыболовства; 4) наименования орудий для земледелия; 5) наименований орудий для применения в домашнем хозяйстве; 6) наименований орудий для обработки дерева; 7) наименования орудий для обработки кожа и меха.
Обнаружено, что в исследуемой лексике много архаичных слов, что связано с различными изменениями в жизни, с перестройкой быта и традиций якутов. Исследование лексико-семантических параллелей якутского, алтайского, хакасского и тувинского языков на материале наименований орудий труда выявило 12 основ общетюркского происхождения, что подтверждает древнее родство исследуемых языков и их историческое взаимодействие.
Река в тувинской паремике: образность и символика (на фоне центральноазиатского паремиологического континуума)
Authors: Ломакина Ольга Валентиновна , Николаева Елена Каировна , Селиверстова Елена Ивановна , Гишкаева Луиза Нахидовна 
Published: June 2024

В статье анализируются тувинские паремии с компонентом река, собранные приемом сплошной выборки из лексикографических источников (сборников пословиц).
Паремии, в которых присутствуют упоминания о реке, воде, относятся к группе единиц, вербализующих природно-ландшафтных код культуры. Метафорическое понимание реки, ее глубины, ширины, могущества опирается на древние представления народов о силе природы. В анализируемых паремиях показано единство народа, его сила и мощь, что иллюстрирует коллективное начало этноса. Приведены примеры, характеризующие интеллектуальные способности и представляющие характер конкретного человека. Показано, что анализируемые паремии содержат символику силы народа, ассоциируются с Родиной, подчёркивают важность родных мест для человека, ассоциируемых с рекой.
Тувинские примеры сопоставляются с подобными паремиями алтайского, хакасского и бурятского языков.