bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Oxalate Desensitizer on the Durability of Resin-Bonded Interfaces
Authors: Silva S. M. A. , Malcarne-Zanon J. , Carvalho R. M. , Alves M. C. , De Goes M. F. , Anido-Anido A. , Carrilho M. R. 
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance
Despite oxalate desensitizer showing a decrease in the rate of resin-dentin bond degradation over time, it compromised the baseline bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin. Further investigation regarding reliability of the combination of oxalate desensitizers and etch-and-rinse adhesives is required prior to implementation of this approach in the clinical routine.
Degree of Conversion of Etch-and-Rinse and Self-etch Adhesives Light-cured Using QTH or LED
Authors: Faria-e-Silva A. L. , Lima A. F. , Moraes R. R. , Piva E. , Martins L. R. 
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance
The effect of QTH and LED curing lights on the degree of conversion of bonding agents is material dependent.
Phylogeny of Sphaerium solidum (Bivalvia) based on karyotype and sequences of 16S and ITS1 rDNA
Authors: Stunžėnas Virmantas , Petkevičiūtė Romualda , Stanevičiūtė Gražina 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The present work represents the first karyological and molecular characterisation of Sphaerium solidum, a rare European clam. Specimens of S. solidum were collected in Lithuania and Hungary. The modal diploid chromosome number found in both populations was 2n=30. Small, biarmed B chromosomes were found in 42.3% of cells studied in clams from Lithuania and in 11.8% of cells in clams from Hungary. Comparative analysis revealed no significant (P<0.05) interspecific differences in chromosome morphology of S. solidum and that of previously studied S. corneum. DNA sequence analyses of S. solidum showed no interpopulation differences in ITS1; moreover, only one site was different from ITS1 of S. corneum. However, differences in mitochondrial 16S sequence of S. solidum were revealed: two haplotypes in Lithuania and three in Hungary were identified. The genetic characteristics revealed in this study do not support ascription of S. solidum and S. corneum to different subgenus, Cyrenastrum and Sphaerium s. str., respectively. Comparative cytogenetic analysis disclosed that the chromosome morphology could be conserved in some sphaeriid species during speciation despite the fact that most other species in this family undergo radical karyotypic differentiation.
Species‐specific SSR alleles for studies of hybrid cattails (Typha latifolia×T. angustifolia; Typhaceae) in North America
Authors: Snow Allison A. , Travis Steven E. , Wildová Radka , Fér Tomáš , Sweeney Patricia M. , Marburger Joy E. , Windels Steven , Kubátová Barbora , Goldberg Deborah E. , Mutegi Evans 
Published: November 2010

•Premise: Studies of hybridizing species are facilitated by the availability of species‐specific molecular markers for identifying early‐ and later‐generation hybrids. Cattails are a dominant feature of wetland communities, and a better understanding of the prevalence of hybrids is needed to assess the ecological and evolutionary effects of hybridization. Hybridization betweenTypha angustifoliaandT. latifoliaproduce long‐lived clones, known asTypha×glauca, which are considered to be invasive. Although morphological variation in cattails makes it difficult to recognize early‐ and later‐generation hybrids, several dominant, species‐specific RAPD markers are available. Our goal was to find codominant, species‐specific markers with greater polymorphism than RAPDs, to identify later‐generation hybrids more efficiently.•Methods: We screened nine SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci that were described from populations in Ukraine, and we surveyed 31 cattail populations from the upper Midwest and eastern USA.•Key results: Seven SSR loci distinguished the parent taxa and were consistent with known species‐specific RAPD markers, allowing easier detection of backcrossing. We used linear discriminant analysis to show that F1hybrid phenotypes were intermediate between the parent taxa, while those of backcrossed plants overlapped with the hybrids and their parents. Log(leaf length/leaf width), spike gap length, spike length, and stem diameter explained much of the variation among groups.•Conclusions: We provide the first documentation of backcrossed plants in hybridizing cattail populations in Michigan. The diagnostic SSR loci we identified should be extremely useful for examining the evolutionary and ecology interactions of hybridizing cattails in North America.
Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers in Michelia maudiae (Magnoliaceae)
Authors: Sun Ye , Liu Yi‐Fei , Wang Jing , Guo Yong , Huang Hong‐Wen 
Published: November 2010

• Premise of the study: Michelia maudiae is a threatened species in the Magnoliaceae. Microsatellite markers were developed and characterized in M. maudiae for further investigation of its conservation genetics.• Methods and Results: Microsatellite markers were developed in M. maudiae using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing Repeats protocol. Ten polymorphic microsatellites were assessed in two populations of M. maudiae. The number of alleles detected per locus varied from 1 to 8. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.792 and from 0.000 to 0.826, respectively. Six primer pairs showed transferability in the two related species Michelia foveolata and Michelia chapensis.• Conclusions: This set of microsatellite markers provides a useful tool for future studies of the conservation genetics of M. maudiae and other congeneric species.
Factors Associated with Radiographic Progression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Were Treated with Methotrexate
Authors: WEINBLATT MICHAEL E. , KEYSTONE EDWARD C. , COHEN MARC D. , FREUNDLICH BRUCE , LI JUAN , CHON YUN , BAUMGARTNER SCOTT W. 
Published: November 2010

Objective.To identify factors associated with radiographic progression at 52 weeks in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after 12 weeks of methotrexate (MTX) therapy.Methods.The study population consisted of patients from the MTX arm of the Trial of Etanercept and Methotrexate with Radiographic Patient Outcomes (TEMPO). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify clinical and laboratory assessments performed at Week 12 of MTX therapy that might be associated with Week 52 radiographic outcome (modified total Sharp score). Classification and regression tree (CART) modeling of the Week 12 assessments was used to determine the subgroups of patients with the best and worst radiographic outcomes.Results.A total of 169 patients were analyzed: 116 patients in the best radiographic outcome group and 53 patients in the worst radiographic outcome group. Logistic regression analysis showed that Week 12 C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, tender joint count, swollen joint count (SJC), and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores were significantly associated with radiographic progression at Week 52 (p < 0.05 for each assessment). CART modeling showed that patients with Week 12 CRP > 0.67 mg/dl and SJC > 1 and patients with Week 12 CRP ≤ 0.67 mg/dl and SJC > 10 were likely to show the worst radiographic progression at Week 52. The CART model had a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 60%, and overall classification accuracy of 68%.Conclusion.In patients with RA, measures of CRP and SJC after 12 weeks of MTX therapy emerged as the factors most associated with radiographic progression at Week 52.
Medication Use in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: BERNATSKY SASHA , PESCHKEN CHRISTINE , FORTIN PAUL R. , PINEAU CHRISTI A. , UROWITZ MURRAY B. , GLADMAN DAFNA D. , POPE JANET E. , HUDSON MARIE , ZUMMER MICHEL , SMITH C. DOUGLAS , ARBILLAGA HECTOR O. , CLARKE ANN E. 
Published: November 2010

Objective.To evaluate factors affecting therapeutic approaches used in clinical practice for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in a multicenter cohort.Methods.We combined data from 10 clinical adult SLE cohort registries in Canada. We used multivariate generalized estimating equation methods to model dichotomized outcomes, running separate regressions where the outcome was current exposure of the patient to specific medications. Potential predictors of medication use included demographic (baseline age, sex, residence, race/ethnicity) and clinical factors (disease duration, time-dependent damage index scores, and adjusted mean SLE Disease Activity Index-2K scores). The models also adjusted for clustering by center.Results.Higher disease activity and damage scores were each independent predictors of exposure to nonsteroid immunosuppressive agents, and for exposure to prednisone. This was not definitely demonstrated for antimalarial agents. Older age at diagnosis was independently and inversely associated with exposure to any of the agents studied (immunosuppressive agents, prednisone, and antimalarial agents). An additional independent predictor of prednisone exposure was black race/ethnicity (adjusted RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.18, 1.81). For immunosuppressive exposure, an additional independent predictor was race/ethnicity, with greater exposure among Asians (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.02, 1.89) and persons identifying themselves as First Nations/Inuit (2.09, 95% CI 1.43, 3.04) than among whites. All of these findings were reproduced when adjustment for disease activity was limited to renal involvement.Conclusion.Ours is the first portrayal of determinants of clinical practice patterns in SLE, and offers interesting real-world insights. Further work, including efforts to determine how differing clinical approaches may influence outcome, is in progress.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Cost-Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Intraarticular Injection of Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: SIBBITT WILMER L. , BAND PHILIP A. , CHAVEZ-CHIANG NATALIA R. , DeLEA SUZANNE L. , NORTON HILLARY E. , BANKHURST ARTHUR D. 
Published: November 2010

Objective.We studied whether sonographic needle guidance affected the outcomes of intraarticular (IA) injection for inflammatory arthritis.Methods.Joints with inflammatory arthritis (n = 244; 76% rheumatoid arthritis, 3% small joints, 51% intermediate, and 46% large) were randomized to injection by conventional palpation-guided anatomic injection (120 joints) or sonographic image-guided injection enhanced with a 1-handed reciprocating procedure device mechanical syringe (124 joints). A 1-needle, 2-syringe technique was used. After IA placement and synovial space dilation were confirmed by sonography, a syringe exchange was performed, and triamcinolone acetonide was injected with the second syringe through the indwelling IA needle. Baseline pain, procedural pain, pain at outcome (2 weeks and 6 months), responders, therapeutic duration, reinjection rates, total cost, and cost per responder were determined.Results.Relative to conventional palpation-guided methods, sonographic guidance for injection of inflammatory arthritis resulted in an 81% reduction in injection pain (p < 0.001), 35% reduction in pain scores at outcome (p < 0.02), 38% increase in the responder rate (p < 0.003), 34% reduction in the non-responder rate (p < 0.003), 32% increase in therapeutic duration (p = 0.01), 8% reduction ($7) in cost/patient/year, and a 33% ($64) reduction in cost/responder/year for a hospital outpatient (p < 0.001).Conclusion.Sonographic needle guidance improves the performance, clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of IA injections for inflammatory arthritis. (Clinical Trial IdentifierNCT00651625)
La « clause de Locke » au service de « l'égaliberté »
Authors: Flipo Fabrice 
Published: November 2010

Résumé La clause de Locke, formulée par le célèbre philosophe anglais du XVII e siècle, stipule que l’appropriation privée des ressources naturelles n’est légitime qu’à condition de préserver un égal accès pour tous à ces mêmes ressources, en même quantité et même qualité. Fabrice Flipo s’appuie sur cette formulation pour redessiner les exigences morales et politiques d’une meilleure répartition des ressources. L’égalité entre Nord et Sud, mais aussi entre les différents citoyens de chacune de ces régions du monde, se trouverait ainsi adossée non plus seulement sur des formules de redistribution, mais plus directement de répartition.
Inflammatory Blood Monocytes Contribute to Tumor Development and Represent a Privileged Target To Improve Host Immunosurveillance
Authors: Augier Séverine , Ciucci Thomas , Luci Carmelo , Carle Georges F , Blin-Wakkach Claudine , Wakkach Abdelilah 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Progressing tumors in humans and mice are frequently infiltrated by a highly heterogeneous population of inflammatory myeloid cells that contribute to tumor growth. Among these cells, inflammatory Gr-1+ monocytes display a high developmental plasticity in response to specific microenvironmental signals, leading to diverse immune functions. These observations raise the question of the immune mechanisms by which inflammatory monocytes may contribute to tumor development. In this study, we found that adoptive transfer of normal inflammatory Gr-1+ monocytes in tumor-bearing mice promotes tumor growth. In this tumoral environment, these monocytes can differentiate into tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) that produce IL-10 and potently induce regulatory T cell responses in vivo. Moreover, diverting the differentiation of Gr-1+ monocytes into tolerogenic DCs by forced expression of IL-10 soluble receptor and IL-3 in tumor cells improves host immunosurveillance by reducing the regulatory T cell frequency and by inducing immunogenic DCs in the tumor. As a consequence, tumor growth is strongly reduced. Our findings indicate that Gr-1+ monocytes represent a valuable target for innovative immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
Fine Tuning of the Threshold of T Cell Selection by the Nck Adapters
Authors: Roy Edwige , Togbe Dieudonnée , Holdorf Amy , Trubetskoy Dmitry , Nabti Sabrina , Küblbeck Günter , Schmitt Sabine , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Leithäuser Frank , Möller Peter , Bladt Friedhelm , Hämmerling Günter J. , Arnold Bernd , Pawson Tony , Tafuri Anna 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Thymic selection shapes the T cell repertoire to ensure maximal antigenic coverage against pathogens while preventing autoimmunity. Recognition of self-peptides in the context of peptide-MHC complexes by the TCR is central to this process, which remains partially understood at the molecular level. In this study we provide genetic evidence that the Nck adapter proteins are essential for thymic selection. In vivo Nck deletion resulted in a reduction of the thymic cellularity, defective positive selection of low-avidity T cells, and impaired deletion of thymocytes engaged by low-potency stimuli. Nck-deficient thymocytes were characterized by reduced ERK activation, particularly pronounced in mature single positive thymocytes. Taken together, our findings identify a crucial role for the Nck adapters in enhancing TCR signal strength, thereby fine-tuning the threshold of thymocyte selection and shaping the preimmune T cell repertoire.
Inhibition of TLR4-Induced IκB Kinase Activity by the RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Its Ligand, Macrophage-Stimulating Protein
Authors: Ray Manujendra , Yu Shan , Sharda Daniel R. , Wilson Caleph B. , Liu QingPing , Kaushal Naveen , Prabhu K. Sandeep , Hankey Pamela A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe RON receptor tyrosine kinase regulates the balance between classical (M1) and alternative (M2) macrophage activation. In primary macrophages, the ligand for Ron, macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), inhibits the expression of inducible NO synthase, a marker of classically activated macrophages, whereas promoting the expression of arginase I, a marker of alternative activation. Ron−/− mice express increased levels of IL-12, a product of classically activated macrophages, after endotoxin administration, resulting in increased serum IFN-γ levels and enhanced susceptibility to septic shock. In this study, we demonstrate that MSP inhibits LPS-induced IL-12p40 expression, and this inhibition is dependent on the docking site tyrosines in Ron. To further define this inhibition, we examined the effect of Ron on signaling pathways downstream of Ron. We found that MSP does not inhibit the MyD88-independent activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and production of IFN-β in response to LPS, nor does it inhibit MyD88-dependent TGF-β–activated kinase phosphorylation or MAPK activation in primary macrophages. However, the induction of IκB kinase activity, IκB degradation, and DNA binding of NF-κB after LPS stimulation is delayed in the presence of MSP. In addition, Ron inhibits serine phosphorylation of p65 and NF-κB transcriptional activity induced by LPS stimulation of TLR4. Finally, MSP inhibits the NF-κB–dependent upregulation of the nuclear IκB family member, IκBζ, a positive regulator of secondary response genes including IL-12p40. LPS also induces expression of Ron and an N-terminally truncated form of Ron, Sf-Ron, in primary macrophages, suggesting that the upregulation of Ron by LPS could provide classical feedback regulation of TLR signaling.
Prediction of Reactivity to Noninherited Maternal Antigen in MHC-Mismatched, Minor Histocompatibility Antigen-Matched Stem Cell Transplantation in a Mouse Model
Authors: Araki Mariko , Hirayama Masahiro , Azuma Eiichi , Kumamoto Tadashi , Iwamoto Shotaro , Toyoda Hidemi , Ito Mitsue , Amano Keishiro , Komada Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe immunologic effects of developmental exposure to noninherited maternal Ags (NIMAs) are quite variable. Both tolerizing influence and inducing alloreaction have been observed on clinical transplantation. The role of minor histocompatibility Ags (MiHAs) in NIMA effects is unknown. MiHA is either matched or mismatched in NIMA-mismatched transplantation because a donor of the transplantation is usually limited to a family member. To exclude the participation of MiHA in a NIMA effect for MHC (H-2) is clinically relevant because mismatched MiHA may induce severe alloreaction. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanism of NIMA effects in MHC-mismatched, MiHA-matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although all offsprings are exposed to the maternal Ags, the NIMA effect for the H-2 Ag was not evident. However, they exhibit two distinct reactivities, low and high responder, to NIMA in utero and during nursing depending on the degree of maternal microchimerism. Low responders survived longer with less graft-versus-host disease. These reactivities were correlated with Foxp3 expression of peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ cells after graft-versus-host disease induction and the number of IFN-γ–producing cells stimulated with NIMA pretransplantation. These observations are clinically relevant and suggest that it is possible to predict the immunological tolerance to NIMA.
Ultraviolet Irradiation of Mice Reduces the Competency of Bone Marrow-Derived CD11c+ Cells via an Indomethacin-Inhibitable Pathway
Authors: Ng Royce L. X. , Bisley Jacqueline L. , Gorman Shelley , Norval Mary , Hart Prue H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDirect UV irradiation of dendritic cells and Langerhans cells reduces their Ag presenting ability. However, the effects of UV on CD11c+ cells located distally to the point of irradiation are poorly understood. Three days after UV irradiation (8 kJ/m2) of BALB/c mice, bone marrow cells were isolated and cultured for 7 d with IL-4 and GM-CSF for the propagation of CD11c+ cells. Bone marrow-derived CD11c+ cells from UV-irradiated or nonirradiated mice were loaded with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and injected into the ear pinnas of naive BALB/c mice. After 7 d, the ears were painted with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene and the ear swelling determined 24 h later. A reduced contact hypersensitivity response was found in mice injected with CD11c+ cells from the UV-irradiated animals compared with those injected with cells from the nonirradiated animals. Further, a long-lasting suppression of the memory response to 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene was created. This suppressed response corresponded to increased IL-10 and PGE2 secretion by freshly isolated bone marrow cells from UV-irradiated mice, and to increased myelopoiesis. The reduction in competence of bone marrow-derived CD11c+ cells from UV-irradiated mice was not due to delayed maturation, as it was maintained upon LPS exposure prior to CD11c+ cell purification. The UV-induced effect was reversed by the administration of indomethacin to mice prior to UV irradiation and could be reproduced by s.c. PGE2. These results show that UV irradiation of mice can affect the function of bone marrow-derived CD11c+ cells via a mechanism inhibitable by indomethacin; this pathway is likely to contribute to systemic UV-induced immunosuppression.
Chondroitin Sulfate A-Adhering Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes Express Functionally Important Antibody Epitopes Shared by Multiple Variants
Authors: Barfod Lea , Dobrilovic Tina , Magistrado Pamela , Khunrae Pongsak , Viwami Firmine , Bruun Jonas , Dahlbäck Madeleine , Bernasconi Nadia L. , Fried Michal , John Davis , Duffy Patrick E. , Salanti Ali , Lanzavecchia Antonio , Lim Chwee Teck , Ndam Nicaise Tuikue , Higgins Matthew K. , Hviid Lars 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Acquired protection from Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria, a major cause of maternal, fetal, and infant morbidity, is mediated by IgG specific for the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 variant VAR2CSA. This protein enables adhesion of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes to chondroitin sulfate A in the intervillous space. Although interclonal variation of the var2csa gene is lower than that among var genes in general, VAR2CSA-specific Abs appear to target mainly polymorphic epitopes. This has raised doubts about the feasibility of VAR2CSA-based vaccines. We used eight human monoclonal IgG Abs from affinity-matured memory B cells of P. falciparum-exposed women to study interclonal variation and functional importance of Ab epitopes among placental and peripheral parasites from East and West Africa. Most placental P. falciparum isolates were labeled by several mAbs, whereas peripheral isolates from children were essentially nonreactive. The mAb reactivity of peripheral isolates from pregnant women indicated that some were placental, whereas others had alternative sequestration foci. Most of the mAbs were comparable in their reactivity with bound infected erythrocytes (IEs) and recombinant VAR2CSA and interfered with IE and/or VAR2CSA binding to chondroitin sulfate A. Pair-wise mAb combinations were more inhibitory than single mAbs, and all of the mAbs together was the most efficient combination. Each mAb could opsonize IEs for phagocytosis, and a combination of the eight mAbs caused phagocytosis similar to that of plasma IgG-opsonized IEs. We conclude that functionally important Ab epitopes are shared by the majority of polymorphic VAR2CSA variants, which supports the feasibility of VAR2CSA-based vaccines against placental malaria.