bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interplay between Metabolic Adaptations and Diet in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Espelage Lena , Wagner Natalie , Placke Jan-Malte , Ugurel Selma , Tasdogan Alpaslan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has significantly advanced through the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the augmentation of adoptive cell transfer to enhance the innate cancer defense mechanisms. Despite these remarkable achievements, some cancers exhibit resistance to immunotherapy, with limited patient responsiveness and development of therapy resistance. Metabolic adaptations in both immune cells and cancer cells have emerged as central contributors to immunotherapy resistance. In the last few years, new insights emphasized the critical role of cancer and immune cell metabolism in animal models and patients. During therapy, immune cells undergo important metabolic shifts crucial for their acquired effector function against cancer cells. However, cancer cell metabolic rewiring and nutrient competition within tumor microenvironment (TME) alters many immune functions, affecting their fitness, polarization, recruitment, and survival. These interactions have initiated the development of novel therapies targeting tumor cell metabolism and favoring antitumor immunity within the TME. Furthermore, there has been increasing interest in comprehending how diet impacts the response to immunotherapy, given the demonstrated immunomodulatory and antitumor activity of various nutrients. In conclusion, recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted the capacity of immune-based cancer therapies. Therefore, further exploration into the metabolic requirements of immune cells within the TME holds significant promise for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches that can effectively combat cancer in patients.
Rethinking the Dynamics of Fighting Covid-19 in Jordan: Social Exchange Perspective
Authors: Al Hourani Mohammed Abdel Karim , Al-Sarayrah Ali Jameel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In contrast to nearby countries, Jordan achieved a unique situation in mitigating the covid-19 outbreak. The privileged situation lasted for a few months. After that situation, Jordan became one of the worst countries all over the world. Drawing on a conceptual framework derived from Blau’s theory: exchange and power in social life, this paper reevaluates the dynamics of combating covid-19 in Jordan as an exchange process between government and people. Jordan’s government employed maximum power to control people’s movements and gatherings. However, it failed to meet people’s expectations of keeping their lives safe and fulfilling their basic needs. The government tried to legitimize the situation by providing fake information. It has lost the trust of society which supported the efforts of the government. It could not maintain its control of people’s gatherings and movements, resulting in a rise in the number of cases. Transparency, trust, awareness, and society’s efforts are crucial in fighting pandemics.
Can Digital Democracy Guard Citizens’ Safety? Taking Taiwan’s Battle against covid as an Exemplary Case
Authors: Lee Chun-Yi , Kuo Yu-Ching 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The covid-19 pandemic required swift responses from governments at all levels. Government agencies were faced with the immense task of mitigating the health, social, and economic effects of covid-19. These actions and responses included developing mobile phone location tracking systems and ‘electronic fences’ alongside the use of big data analytics. Whether intentionally or not, this led to questions about the rise of the ‘biosurveillance state’. In this paper, we examine the extent to which digital democracy has emerged as a contested concept in Taiwan. Furthermore, we ask: to what extent is the use of digital surveillance for disease control and prevention justifiable, and to what extent can personal privacy be sacrificed when adopting digital surveillance measures with the aim of securing collective safety? We compare Taiwanese citizens’ concerns about personal privacy with those in other democracies, such as the UK, and those in the EU and North America.
The Ordinary Virtue and Moral Significance of Health Systems: the Case of Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Ming-Jui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ordinary virtue of health systems is to secure some form of equitable access to health services for all in pursuit of the ideal of universal health coverage, which would sometimes be considered an integral part of the overall institutional arrangements protecting the human right to health. The history of human-established health systems has come close to an end. In this article, I use the Taiwanese health system as an illustrative case to demonstrate how the roles of a health system vary in different periods across multiple colonial histories. It was not until the 1990s, after Taiwan went through democratisation, that the health system began to display ordinary virtue. I further argue that, beyond the ordinary virtue, the Taiwanese health system has moral significance in (1) integrating divided and conflicting identities and forging a new, forward-looking one; and (2) representing Taiwanese people’s declaration against exclusionary global politics by devoting themselves to a space that protects the right to health and a way of life that cherishes the value of equitable access to health services for all.
Impact of the Tibetan Plateau on Global High-Frequency Temperature Variability
Authors: Su Zifan , Xie Yongkun , Huang Jianping , Wu Guoxiong , Liu Yuzhi , Guan Xiaodan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau’s (TP) topography has long been recognized for its impact on climate. However, recognition of the influence of the TP on global weather variability remains insufficient. Therefore, this study used numerical simulations to demonstrate the influences of the TP and its mechanical and thermal forcing on global high-frequency temperature variability and eddy kinetic energy (EKE). Despite local influences, the TP influenced the high-frequency temperature variability in far-flung regions like North America. In summer, the TP’s influence on high-frequency temperature variability showed dipole patterns in Eurasia and tripole patterns in North America, which were mainly induced by TP thermal forcing. In winter, the TP’s influence on high-frequency temperature variability was dominated by mechanical forcing and was less significant for remote regions than in summer. Mechanical forcing dominated EKE in both summer and winter. Furthermore, the horizontal temperature advection dominated the TP’s influence on high-frequency temperature variability for both its thermal effect in summer and its mechanical effect in winter, wherein EKE, as the dynamical factor, determined the horizontal temperature advection rather than the thermodynamical factor, the temperature gradient. Our findings suggest that the TP, via its mechanical and thermal forcing, may have an impact on temperature-related weather extremes around the world.

Significance Statement
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), being one of the world’s largest topographies, has been demonstrated to influence both paleoclimatic evolution and contemporary climate variability. However, the effect of TP on global weather variability has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, this study looked into the effect of the TP on global high-frequency temperature variability. The TP’s overall, mechanical, and thermal effects on high-frequency temperature variability and EKE were specifically demonstrated. To get insights into dynamics, the physical processes underpinning the TP’s influence on high-frequency temperature variability were further clarified. This study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of large-scale topography on global high-frequency temperature variations, as well as relevant weather extremes.
Nationwide Trends in Utilization of Minimally Invasive Techniques for Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Chervu Nikhil L. , Butterfield Jaron , Sakowitz Sara , Le Nguyen , Mallick Saad , Cho Nam Y. , Benharash Peyman 
Published: May 2024

Background Despite increasing use of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques for trauma, limited large-scale studies have evaluated trends, outcomes, and resource utilization at centers that utilize MIS modalities for blunt abdominal trauma. Methods Operative adult admissions after blunt assault, falls, or vehicular collisions were tabulated from the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample. Patients who received diagnostic laparoscopy or other laparoscopic and robotic intervention were classified as MIS. Institutions with at least one MIS trauma operation in a year were defined as an MIS Performing Institution (MPI; rest: non-MPI). The primary endpoint was mortality, with secondary outcomes of reoperation, complication, postoperative length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization costs. Mixed regression models were used to determine the association of MPI status on the outcomes of interest. Results Throughout the study period, the proportion of MIS operations and MPI significantly increased from 22.6 to 29.8% and 45.9 to 58.8%, respectively. Of an estimated 77,480 patients, 66.7% underwent care at MPI. After adjustment, MPI status was not associated with increased odds of mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.96,1.24]), reoperation (AOR 1.02, CI [.87,1.19]), or any of the tabulated complications. There was additionally no difference in adjusted LOS (β-.18, CI [-.85, +.49]) or costs (β+$1600, CI [-1600, +4800]), between MPI and non-MPI. Discussion The use of MIS operations in blunt abdominal trauma has significantly increased, with performing centers experiencing no difference in mortality or resource utilization. Prospectively collected data on outcomes following MIS trauma surgery is necessary to elucidate appropriate applications.
No Place Like Home? Alienage, Popular Sovereignty and an Implied Freedom of Entry into Australia Under the Constitution
Authors: Durkin Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDoes the Constitution protect the ability of an Australian to enter the country? This article investigates that question. Whilst the Constitution provides no express guarantee of a citizen’s right to enter Australia, a series of recent cases — particularly Love v Commonwealth1 and Alexander v Minister for Home Affairs2 — give occasion to consider whether a freedom of entry forms an implied part of Australia’s constitutional framework. Early scholarly attempts to establish a freedom of entry have relied upon the definition of non-alienage to ground this implication. This article commences by reviewing the effect of the High Court’s recent alienage jurisprudence on these arguments. After concluding that fatal difficulties attend this approach, I investigate an alternative foundation for an implied freedom of entry: an implication drawn from a constitutional principle of popular sovereignty. Focusing on a recent thread of High Court jurisprudence which has placed an increasing emphasis on the constitutional protection afforded to popular sovereignty, I conclude that this alternative basis provides a viable foundation upon which an implied freedom of entry could be recognised in the Constitution.
Insomnia and fibromyalgia-like symptoms among women diagnosed with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in Jordan: Prevalence and correlates
Authors: Gammoh Omar , Mansour Mohammad , AL Hababbeh Suha , Ennab Wail , Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Binsaleh Ammena Y. , Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh Sireen 
Published: May 2024

Objective This study examined the prevalence and correlates of fibromyalgia and insomnia in a convenience sample of Women with Multiple Sclerosis (WMS). Methods The study was cross-sectional in design and recruited a sample of 163 women with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Fibromyalgia was assessed using the Patient Self-Report Survey (PSRS), which follows criteria outlined by the American College of Rheumatology. Insomnia was measured using the Arabic version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-A). Results The prevalence of fibromyalgia and insomnia was 28.2% (n = 46) and 46.3% (n = 76), respectively. Multivariate analyses were used to determine significant independent correlates. Fibromyalgia was associated with age above 40 years (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.01-5.18, P = .04), high school education (OR = 3.69, 95% CI = 1.62-8.37, P = .002), and non-use of analgesics (OR = .02, 95% CI = .004-.21, P = .001). Insomnia symptoms were significantly associated only with age above 40 years (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.16-4.04, P = .01). Conclusion These findings highlight the need for increased attention by primary care physicians towards diagnosing and treating fibromyalgia and insomnia among women with RRMS in Jordan, particularly for older women.
Associations Between Breastfeeding, Maternal Emotional Availability, and Infant–Mother Attachment: The Role of Coparenting
Authors: Kim Christine Youngwon , Smith Nicole P. , Teti Douglas M. 
Published: May 2024

Background: Breastfeeding is a parenting practice that combines close intimate contact with the opportunity to be sensitive and responsive to the infant, and may have direct and indirect relations with infant attachment. However, researchers have produced inconsistent findings, suggesting there may be other mechanisms involved. Coparenting may play a significant role, as it has been consistently associated with mother–infant relationships. Research aims: The aims of this study were to examine: (1) whether breastfeeding would be directly associated with infant–mother attachment; (2) whether this association was also indirect, through mothers’ quality of caregiving; and (3) whether partners’ coparenting support moderates breastfeeding’s indirect association with attachment Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal study that drew data from a larger NIH-funded study on sleep and family relationships (R01HD052809). Mothers reported on their feeding practices and coparenting relationships. Independent observations were used to assess mothers’ emotional availability toward infants. A separate team of observers assessed infant–mother attachment. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months, and longer duration of any breastfeeding across the 1st year, were directly associated with more secure infant–mother attachment. These associations were also indirect, through maternal emotional availability. Coparenting was a significant moderator, such that the influence of longer breastfeeding duration on improved emotional availability, and, in turn, on more secure attachment, was significant only for mothers who perceived coparenting quality to be low. Conclusion: Findings highlighted the importance of breastfeeding on both the quality of mothering and infant attachment, but also emphasized that coparenting support may be particularly important for mothers who are unable to breastfeed.
Psychiatry Resident Physicians Experience Personal and Professional Grief, Burnout and Depression: Results From a National Survey
Authors: Robbins-Welty Gregg , Nakatani Morgan , Song Ye Kyung , Riordan Paul , Pieper Carl , Price Meghan , Scoggins Connie , Galanos Anthony 
Published: May 2024

Background Resident physicians experience personal and professional stressors throughout training. These experiences may increase levels of burnout, depression, and grief. Understanding how these stressors impact trainees is essential for improving wellbeing during residency. Objective We examined the prevalence and associations between burnout, depression, and grief among a national sample of psychiatry resident physicians. Methods A survey including validated scales for burnout (Modified Maslach Burnout Inventory-Health Services Survey [MBI]), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), and grief (Traumatic Grief Inventory Self Report [TGSIR]) was distributed to 296 psychiatry program directors in January 2023 for dispersal to their respective residents. Results Fifty-seven participants completed the survey out of 245 participants who opened and started the survey (23.3%). All participants were current psychiatry residents. MBI scores averaged 21.2 (SD 6.5, range 11-40); 11 participants reported high levels of burnout (scores >27; 19.3%). PHQ-9 scores averaged 3.42 (SD 3.0, range 0-14), with 8 responses meeting the criteria for moderate depressive symptoms (scores >10-14; 14.0%). Suicidal ideation was reported by 5 of 57 participants (8.7%). TGISR scores averaged 12.2 (SD 11, range 0-43); no participants met the criteria for pathologic grief. TGISR scores were correlated with MBI (r = .30; P = .02) and PHQ-9 scores (r = .53; P < .0001). MBI scores were also correlated with PHQ-9 scores (r = .54; P < .0001). Conclusions Non-pathological grief was correlated with burnout and depression. 14% to 20% of psychiatry residents reported clinically significant levels of burnout and depression. Future studies should aim to further characterize burnout, depression, and grief in larger samples of trainees.
Application of a supporting catheter in surgery for forearm arteriovenous fistula construction
Authors: Sun Meng , Wei Xiaobao , Tang Xinyu , Shao Xiaojiao , Guo Yibin , Zhang Yiwen , Miao Jiayi , Wei Juanyu , Zhang Liyuan 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This study explored the feasibility of a supporting catheter combined with modified end-to-side anastomosis in the operation of radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula (RC-AVF) and evaluated the clinical application value of this technique. Methods: Sixty patients underwent RC-AVF operations in our hospital from January 2022 to June 2022. All the patients were treated with modified end-to-side AVF anastomosis and divided into the control group or the test group depending on whether a supporting catheter was applied. The clinical data of 60 cases were analysed retrospectively. Intraoperative related indices, the first time the fistula was used, the success rate of first puncture, the blood flow of first dialysis, the maturity condition of fistula, the size of anastomosis, the diameter of radial artery and drainage vein, the blood flow of brachial artery 8 weeks after operation and the incidence of complications within 6 months after operation were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with that in the control group, the time spent on the vascular anastomosis in the test group was significantly shortened ( p<0.05). The blood flow of the first dialysis, the size of the anastomosis, the diameter of the drainage vein, the blood flow of the brachial artery 8 weeks after the operation and the incidence of complications within 6 months after operation were significantly different between the two groups ( p<0.05). Conclusion: In the RC-AVF operation, using a supporting catheter can not only increase operation efficiency by reducing surgical injury and difficulty of vascular anastomosis, but also improve postoperative prognosis. RC-AVF is worth promoting in clinical practice.
The Whole Package: A Multi-Component Smoking Cessation Intervention for Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Leutwyler Heather , Hubbard Erin , Humfleet Gary , Souza Richard , Balestra Dennys , Wallhagen Margaret 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Smoking is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for excess morbidity and mortality in adults with serious mental illness (SMI). Many smokers with SMI are reportedly motivated to quit, however success rates among these smokers remain low and evidence-based treatment targeting this vulnerable group is limited. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a qualitative inquiry of participants. Methods: We conducted a pilot two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) targeting adults with SMI. Our smoking cessation intervention included: (a) group-based physical activity (PA) game intervention (50 minutes, 3X/week for 12 weeks), (b) pharmacotherapy (bupropion or nicotine replacement therapy), and (c) smoking cessation counseling. Upon completion of the program, participants in the active and control groups completed a qualitative semi-structured interview in order to determine how the program impacted their smoking cessation. Grounded Theory methodology guided our data collection and analysis. Results: Twenty participants completed an interview. Participants described how the “whole package” of the 3 components of the intervention were critical to their smoking cessation process. The group-based program provided the structure, resources, and encouragement needed to start the process of quitting. Conclusion: Adults with SMI need support, resources, and engaging activities as they begin quitting and practice the skills needed to quit.
The Role of Digital Health Technology Interventions in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nguyen Vivien , Ara Paige , Simmons David , Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Diabetes in the 21st century presents one of the greatest burdens of disease on the global population. Digitally mediated interventions have become imperative in alleviating this disease epidemic. We aimed to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on different health technologies for preventing Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their efficacy in decreasing diabetes risk-related outcomes in at-risk patients in comparison to standard care. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched between October 2021 and December 2022. Studies including digital health technology interventions used for preventing diabetes development by reducing diabetes risk-related outcomes in at-risk adults (⩾18 years) were identified. Data on glycemic levels, incidence of T2DM, weight, and intervention descriptions were extracted, and the risk of bias (ROB) was assessed. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and 5 studies (56%) achieved clinically significant outcomes in at least one of the following: decreased weight (22%), glycemic levels (22%), or incidence of T2DM (11%). Two of the 3 (67%) computer-based interventions effectively reduced the HbA1c levels and mean weight of their study population, and 3 of 6 (50%) mobile based interventions (text messages, mobile app, and telehealth) decreased the incidence of T2DM and HbA1c levels. Four studies each had an overall low ROB and one had a high ROB due to attrition. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence identified in our review demonstrated that health technologies for diabetes prevention are effective for improving diabetes risk-related outcomes. Future research into digital technology protocol and studies of longer duration and more diverse populations are needed for clinical feasibility.