bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineating site‐specific irrigation management zones
Authors: Jiang Qiuxiang , Fu Qiang , Wang Zilong 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSince spatial heterogeneity of soil physical properties has a significant influence on site‐specific irrigation management, field moisture capacity, saturated moisture content, wilting point and soil dry bulk density were used as the data source to derive irrigation management zones. The spatial heterogeneity and correlations of soil properties were firstly characterized using geostatistics and principal component analysis. Then, irrigation management zones were delineated by running management zone analysis software based on the fuzziness performance index and normalized classification entropy, which were used to determine the least number of subzones. Finally, the zoning of irrigation management was verified by performing a statistical analysis as a statistical control of the above classifications. The study site was divided into two subzones having distinct differences between them, indicating that the delineation of irrigation management zones was reasonable. In additional, a stratified sampling method was also adopted to calculate the optimal sampling size of the soil properties in each subzone. Saturated moisture content has the optimal sampling size of 12 and soil water capacity and wilting point have the least, with only 3. The delineation of irrigation management zones and optimal sampling size could provide data support and science‐based information for site‐specific irrigation management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Bone healing in critical‐size defects treated with new bioactive glass/calcium sulfate: A histologic and histometric study in rat calvaria
Authors: Nagata Maria J. H. , Furlaneto Flávia A. C. , Moretti Antonio J. , Bouquot Jerry E. , Ahn Chul W. , Messora Michel R. , Fucini Stephen E. , Garcia Valdir G. , Bosco Alvaro F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study analyzed histologically the influence of new spherical bioactive glass (NBG) particles with or without a calcium sulfate (CS) barrier on bone healing in surgically created critical‐size defects (CSD) in rat calvaria. A CSD was made in each calvarium of 60 rats, which were divided into three groups: C (control): the defect was filled with blood clot only; NBG: the defect was filled with NBG only; and NBG/CS: the defect was filled with NBG covered by CS barrier. Subgroups were euthanized at 4 or 12 weeks. Amounts of new bone and remnants of implanted materials were calculated as percentages of total area of the original defect. Data were statistically analyzed. In contrast to Group C, thickness throughout defects in Groups NBG and NBG/CS was similar to the original calvarium. At 4 weeks, Group C had significantly more bone formation than Group NBG/CS. No significant differences were found between Group NBG and either Group C or Group NBG/CS. At 12 weeks, Group C had significantly more bone formation than Group NBG or NBG/CS. NBG particles, used with or without a CS barrier, maintained volume and contour of area grafted in CSD. Presence of remaining NBG particles might have accounted for smaller amount of new bone in Groups NBG and NBG/CS at 12 weeks post‐operative. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Formation of bioceramic coatings containing hydroxyapatite on the titanium substrate by micro‐arc oxidation coupled with electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Bai Yu , Park Il Song , Park Hyeoung Ho , Bae Tae Sung , Lee Min Ho 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBioactive ceramic coatings on titanium substrates were prepared successfully by micro‐arc oxidation coupled with electrophoretic deposition (MAO and EPD) in NaOH electrolyte solution containing hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. The HA suspensions with various NaOH concentrations were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion. The microstructure, as well as the elemental and phase composition of the coatings was examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray diffraction showed that the coatings were composed mainly of rutile, Na2Ti6O13, and HA phases. The composition and surface morphologies are strongly dependent on the NaOH electrolyte concentration. The corrosion behavior of the coating layers in simulated body fluids was evaluated using a potentiodynamic polarization test. The corrosion resistance of the coated sample was increased compared with the untreated titanium sample. The in vitro bioactivity assessment showed that the MAO and EPD‐treated titanium substrate possesses higher apatite‐forming ability than the only MAO‐treated titanium substrate. In addition, the cell behavior was also examined using cell proliferation assay, cell morphology, and alkaline phosphatase activity. They obtained an agreement with the result of apatite‐forming ability. The results clearly show that combining the MAO and EPD techniques provides an optimal surface for cell differentiation and osseointegration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Cytotoxic response of three cell lines exposed in vitro to dental endodontic sealers
Authors: Brackett Martha Goël , Messer Regina L. W. , Lockwood Petra E. , Bryan Thomas E. , Lewis Jill B. , Bouillaguet Serge , Wataha John C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe in vitro cytotoxicity of five endodontic sealers was measured >8‐12 weeks using L929 mouse fibroblasts, osteoblastic cells (ROS) 17/2.8 rat osteoblasts, and MC3T3‐E1 mouse osteoblasts. Discs (n = 6) of AH‐plus Jet (AHP), two versions of Endo Rez (ER, ERx), Epiphany (EPH), and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) were prepared. The sealers and Teflon (Tf, negative control) were placed in direct contact with cells after immersion in phosphate‐buffered saline for 1‐12 wk. Cellular succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was estimated using the MTT method (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a yellow tetrazole), and activities were normalized to Teflon® controls. The cellular responses to the materials were compared using analysis of variance with Tukey posthoc analyses (α = 0.05). Initially, all sealers suppressed normalized SDH activity of L929 fibroblasts by >90%. After 12 weeks of immersion in saline, AHP exhibited the SDH activity above Tf (120%), followed by ERx (78%), ER (58%), PCS (38%), and EPH (28%), all statistically distinct (p < 0.05). In general, the three cell lines responded similarly to the sealers. However, AHP caused unique responses: ROS cells were significantly (p < 0.05) less sensitive initially, and AHP was severely cytotoxic to MC3T3 cells (<35% of Tf) through 8 weeks. The data suggest that with “aging” in saline, current endodontic sealers decrease in in vitro cytotoxicity at different rates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Bioactive glass scaffold with similar structure and mechanical properties of cancellous bone
Authors: Xia Wei , Chang Jiang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNatural bone is an amazing material because of its structure and mechanics. It is a challenge to find a bone substituted material mimicking natural bone intended to suffice for the need for bone repair and regeneration. In this study, a biomorphic material with similar structure and mechanical properties of cancellous bone has been fabricated by using demineralized cancellous bone as a template. Well‐oriented particles in the pore walls could be observed clearly. The compressive strength of this scaffold was up to about 4.9±0.2MPa, close to the lower limit of the natural bone and 30 times of bioactive glass scaffolds, even though the porosity was up to 90%. This kind of bioactive glass composite scaffolds presented high resistance to deformation and showed an excellent shape restoration property. It is very close to a natural cancellous bone with a similar macro‐ and micro‐structure and force‐extension behavior. These results suggested this material would have a good potential in bone tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous ions at the liquid–vapor interface accelerated using graphics processors
Authors: Bauer Brad A. , Davis Joseph E. , Taufer Michela , Patel Sandeep 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a vital tool in chemical research, as they are able to provide an atomistic view of chemical systems and processes that is not obtainable through experiment. However, large‐scale MD simulations require access to multicore clusters or supercomputers that are not always available to all researchers. Recently, scientists have returned to exploring the power of graphics processing units (GPUs) for various applications, such as MD, enabled by the recent advances in hardware and integrated programming interfaces such as NVIDIA's CUDA platform. One area of particular interest within the context of chemical applications is that of aqueous interfaces, the salt solutions of which have found application as model systems for studying atmospheric process as well as physical behaviors such as the Hoffmeister effect. Here, we present results of GPU‐accelerated simulations of the liquid–vapor interface of aqueous sodium iodide solutions. Analysis of various properties, such as density and surface tension, demonstrates that our model is consistent with previous studies of similar systems. In particular, we find that the current combination of water and ion force fields coupled with the ability to simulate surfaces of differing area enabled by GPU hardware is able to reproduce the experimental trend of increasing salt solution surface tension relative to pure water. In terms of performance, our GPU implementation performs equivalent to CHARMM running on 21 CPUs. Finally, we address possible issues with the accuracy of MD simulaions caused by nonstandard single‐precision arithmetic implemented on current GPUs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Morphology and microanatomy of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) dorsal fin tubercles
Authors: Ginter Carly C. , Böttger S. Anne , Fish Frank E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe unique pattern of small tubercles on the leading edge of the dorsal fins of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) has been widely noted in the literature, though their structure or function has never been conclusively identified. We examined external morphology and microanatomy of the tubercles for further understanding of the nature of the tubercles. Measurements were taken of height and peak‐to‐peak distance of the tubercles using scaled photographs. Mean tubercle height was standardized as a percentage of the dorsal fin height and ranged from 0.63 to 0.87%. Mean peak‐to‐peak distance ranged from 4.2 ± 2.0 to 5.6 ± 2.0 mm. The microstructure analysis of the dorsal fin leading edge, trailing edge and tubercles revealed an epidermal thickness of 0.7–2.7 mm with the thickest epidermis at the tubercular apex. The epidermis contained three distinct strata (=layers), including the stratum corneum, spinosum, and basale. The stratum corneum was significantly thickened in tubercles, over four times thicker than in the leading or trailing edge of the fin. The stratum spinosum, composed of lipokeratinocytes and lamellar oil bodies, was significantly thinner in the trailing edge than in the other two sites. There was no significant difference in the stratum basale among the three sites. Volume fraction of lipokeratinocytes was significantly higher at the sides of the leading edge and the apex of the tubercles, while volume fraction of lamellar oil bodies was significantly lower at the apex of the tubercles. Though the function of the tubercles is unknown, their position, hardened structure and increased epidermal stratum corneum suggest that they may have hydrodynamic importance. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature interpolation based on local information: the example of France
Authors: Joly Daniel , Brossard Thierry , Cardot Hervé , Cavailhes Jean , Hilal Mohamed , Wavresky Pierre 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMethods of interpolation, whether based on regressions or on kriging, are global methods in which all the available data for a given study area are used. But the quality of results is affected when the study area is spatially very heterogeneous. To overcome this difficulty, a method of local interpolation is proposed and tested here with temperature in France. Starting from a set of weather stations spread across the country and digitized as 250 m‐sided cells, the method consists in modelling local spatial variations in temperature by considering each point of the grid and the n weather stations that are its nearest neighbours. The procedure entails a series of steps: recognition of the n stations closest to the cell to be evaluated and subdivision of the study area into polygons defined by a neighbourhood rule, elaboration of a local model by multiple regression for each polygon, and application of the parameter estimate from the regression to obtain a predicted value of temperature at each point of the polygon under consideration.These results are compared with results from three global interpolation methods: (1) regression, (2) ordinary kriging, and (3) regression with kriging of residuals. We then develop the original results from local interpolation such as mapping of the coefficients of determination and of the parameter estimate related to altitude and to distance to the sea. These developments highlight the processes that dictate the spatial variation of climate. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Moisture and heat budgets associated with the South American monsoon system and the Atlantic ITCZ
Authors: Garcia Sâmia R. , Kayano Mary T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMoisture and heat budgets in selected areas of the South American monsoon system (SAMS) and the equatorial Atlantic are examined for the 1979–2006 period. These areas are the Central Amazon (CAM), western Central Brazil (WCB), South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) and the Atlantic inter‐tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The moisture and heat budget terms are calculated using daily reanalyzed data, and filtered for the 0.4–1.2 year scale. Analyses are based on the correlation maps between these terms and the expansion coefficient of the SAMS mode, previously identified. The vertical structures of the moisture and heat budget terms are discussed and allow us to examine the thermodynamic reasoning of the SAMS relationship with the Atlantic ITCZ. Important differences in the moisture and heat budgets have been found among the analyzed areas. Except for the horizontal advection of q and T, indications of a wet and dry season appear in the anomalies of other terms 4 pentads earlier in the WCB than in the CAM. The SAMS and the ITCZ relate to each other through the moisture and heat budgets. A time lag of approximately 8 pentads is noted for the moisture sink (source) and heat source (sink) between the CAM and ITCZ regions during the wet (dry) season of both regions. Indeed, the largest negative (positive) values of the residue term and the largest positive (negative) values of the diabatic term occur at pentad 12 (44) for the CAM and at pentad 20 (52) for the ITCZ. The results here provide observational support to the relationship between the SAMS and the Atlantic ITCZ. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Attribution of the river flow growth in the Plata Basin
Authors: Doyle Moira E. , Barros Vicente R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA regression approach was used to quantitatively estimate the attribution of the notable growth in the river flows of the Plata Basin during 1960–1999. The study was conducted in seven large basins that account for most of the Plata River discharge. Annual rainfall integrated over each basin and annual river flows at their closing points were used for the analysis. The contribution of rainfall changes during each of the three phases of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation to total rainfall change in these basins was also calculated.The two main drivers for the generalized growth of the river flows were the increased precipitation and the decreased evaporation attributable to land use change, including deforestation of natural forest and crop switch from sugarcane and coffee trees to soybean. Other evaporation changes played a minor role. There was a north‐south gradient in the respective importance of each driver, with land use change having greater weight in the northern basins and the precipitation increase in the southern ones. Thus, in the northern part of the Upper Paraná Basin, despite the negative trend in precipitation there was a strong augment of the river flow caused by land use change. The contribution to the positive trend of the stream flows in the middle of the Plata Basin came from both land use change and increased precipitation. Finally, in the south, the Uruguay River flow change was basically due to the precipitation trend that was not only observed during the El Niño phase, but also during the Neutral phase.Only in the Middle Paraguay Basin was the shift to more frequent and intense El Niño events that took place in the 1970s an important factor in the contribution of precipitation to streamflow trends. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The influence of a film on destination image and the desire to travel: a cross‐cultural comparison
Authors: Hudson Simon , Wang Youcheng , Gil Sergio Moreno 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to measure the immediate impacts of a film on the perceptions of viewers from different countries. The film chosen for this experiment was the Motorcycle Diaries in which South America was featured prominently in the film. Using established scales from the tourism and marketing literature, viewers from the USA, Canada and Spain were surveyed before and after seeing the film, and results showed that the film did change the viewers' perceptions of South America. After watching the film, a large percentage of the respondents expressed a desire to visit the countries seen in the film, with Canadians showing a significantly higher desire to visit South America than the US and Spanish participants. Those who were motivated to travel by the film were especially influenced by the scenery, landscape and the cultural attractions of the destination as depicted in the movie. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manipulated Electrospun PVA Nanofibers with Inexpensive Salts
Authors: Ding Wei , Wei Suying , Zhu Jiahua , Chen Xuelong , Rutman Dan , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPVA nanofibers have been successfully prepared via an electrospinning process by optimizing the electrospinning operational parameters including applied voltage, polymer concentration, feed rate, and working distance. Inexpensive NaCl and Fe(NO3)3 are found to reduce the fiber size drastically (minimum of 157 and 169 nm, respectively) even at a low loading. The thermal stability is investigated by both thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is utilized to characterize the functionality of the fibers and to investigate the interaction between PVA and inorganic additions. Glass transition and melting temperatures of the PVA fibers have slight change with the increase of the salt loading.magnified image
Geometrical embeddings of distributions into algebras of generalized functions
Authors: Dave Shantanu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe use spectral theory to produce embeddings of distributions into algebras of generalized functions on a closed (compact without boundary) Riemannian manifold. These embeddings are invariant under isometries and preserve the singularity structure of the distributions (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A refinement of Vietoris' inequality for sine polynomials
Authors: Alzer Horst , Koumandos Stamatis , Lamprecht Martin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLet
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where
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In 1958, Vietoris proved that σn (x) is positive for all n ≥ 1 and x ∈ (0, π). We establish the following refinement. The inequalities
equation image
hold for all natural numbers n and real numbers n ≥ 1 and x ∈ (0, π) if and only if
equation image
Absence of collapse in a parabolic chemotaxis system with signal‐dependent sensitivity
Authors: Winkler Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe consider the chemotaxis system
equation image
under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a smooth bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝn. The chemotactic sensitivity function is assumed to generalize the prototype
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It is proved that no chemotactic collapse occurs in the sense that for any choice of nonnegative initial data (with some r > n), the corresponding initial‐boundary value problem possesses a unique global solution that is uniformly bounded (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parabolic quasi‐concavity for solutions to parabolic problems in convex rings
Authors: Ishige Kazuhiro , Salani Paolo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigate some geometric properties of level sets of the solutions of parabolic problems in convex rings. We introduce the notion of parabolic quasi‐concavity, which involves time and space jointly and is a stronger property than the spatial quasi‐concavity, and study the convexity of superlevel sets of the solutions (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monte Carlo Simulation Studies of the Size and Shape of Linear and Star‐Branched Copolymers Embedded in a Tetrahedral Lattice
Authors: Zifferer Gerhard , Eggerstorfer Daniel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCharacteristic properties of linear (F = 2) and star‐branched copolymers withF = 3 to 12 arms in common good, common theta and in selective solvents are summarized. Based on ensembles of chains or stars with chain lengths up to ≈50 000 segments, exponents of scaling laws of mean square dimensions of the whole star and of individual blocks and arms may be reduced to five cases. Several ratios which compare stars to linear chains (so‐called gfactors) and shape‐parameters in the limit of infinite chain lengths are deduced from the prefactors of scaling laws and by proper extrapolation, respectively. Shape parameters give evidence for some orientation effects which in addition are directly demonstrated.magnified image