bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recyclable, Fully Bio‐Based, High‐Performance Cellulose Long Filament Reinforced Vanillyl Alcohol Epoxy Composites for Structural Applications
Authors: Adil Samia , Kumar Bijender , Pham Duc H. , Kim Jaehwan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe reusability of thermosets and their composites is challenging due to their robust crosslinked network structures, which underrate them as eco‐friendly materials and severely damage the ecosystem. Here, a novel biomass‐derived cellulose long filament (CLF)‐reinforced vanillyl alcohol epoxy (VAE) composite is fabricated that exhibited outstanding flexural strength of 232.2 ± 7.7 MPa and modulus of 26.9 ± 2.8 GPa compared to the previously reported bio‐mass derived composites. The green CLF‐VAE composite demonstrates good thermal stability and hydrophobic behavior due to the robust interaction between the hydroxyl (─OH) groups of CLFs and functional groups in the lignin‐derived VAE resin. Further, the chemical degradation behavior of the neat VAE thermoset and the green CLF‐VAE composite is studied in a nitric acid solution, and the recycled extract of the thermoset and its composite is used again for producing the 2nd generation CLF‐VAE composite. The optimized 2.5 wt.% loading of the recycled extract in the 2nd generation VAE thermoset and green CLF‐VAE composite demonstrated superior flexural strength and modulus compared to the 1st generation thermoset and composite. The recyclability, along with good thermal and mechanical properties of the biomass‐derived green CLF‐VAE composite, shows its potential for high‐performance structural applications, merging sustainability with circular economy for green solutions.
Magnetic‐Driven Hydrogel Spiral PVA/Fe3O4 Micromotors for Targeted Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Liu Suyi , Lu Qimin , Liang Ziying , Du Dailing , Chen Bin , Feng Ye , Gao Chao , Jiang Tingting , Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhototherapy has emerged as a promising technique for cancer treatment, offering high efficiency and minimal side effects. Nevertheless, conventional phototherapy agents suffer from low targetability and inefficient delivery. Here, a novel approach is proposed using helical hydrogel motors fabricated by combining polyvinyl alcohol, melamine, water, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These magnetic motors are capable of precise therapy on tumor cells driven by an external magnetic field. By converting light into heat upon near‐infrared illumination, the motors elevate the temperature of the targeted region, resulting in a significant therapeutic effect, with over 60% eradication of HeLa cells achieve under 808 nm near‐ infrared light (1.5 W cm−2). These helical micromotors exhibit excellent movement performance and biocompatibility, facilitating their in vivo applications and contributing to the advancement of biomedicine.
Dual Gallium Drug Treatment Against Carbapenem‐Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae: Efficacy and Potential Mechanism(s) of Action and Resistance
Authors: Scott Zachary , Choi Seoung‐ryoung , Britigan Bradley E. , Narayanasamy Prabagaran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae (KLP) is a Gram‐negative pathogen that can be highly antibiotic‐resistant. Our group has worked with gallium‐based compounds as a means of treating bacterial infections. Here the possible mechanism is investigated for dual therapy comprised of gallium nitrate (Ga(NO3)3) and gallium protoporphyrin (GaPP) on KLP. It is found that in vitro the combination of Ga(NO3)3 and GaPP is synergistic against KLP. The in vivo efficacy is of the dual therapy is additionally tested by treating pulmonary KLP infections in mice. Much greater effectiveness are observed in bacterial clearance and survival of mice receiving the dual therapy than that of singly treated or untreated mice. It is found that in in vitro the dual therapy increased reactive oxygen stress in treated bacteria. Combination therapy impacted KLP catalase, but not superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Finally, alterations in KLP genes encoding 6‐phosphogluconate phosphatase or cytochrome C assembly protein are found to be associated with increased resistance to combination gallium therapy, raising the MIC to both Ga(NO3)3 and GaPP by 4‐fold. These cumulative data lend validation to the potential for the use of Ga(NO3)3 and GaPP combination therapy against KLP and suggest that increased oxidative stress is involved in the mechanism of action.
Additive‐Free Oxidized Spiro‐MeOTAD Hole Transport Layer Significantly Improves Thermal Solar Cell Stability
Authors: Grotevent Matthias J. , Lu Yongli , Šverko Tara , Shih Meng‐Chen , Tan Shaun , Zhu Hua , Dang Tong , Mwaura Jeremiah K. , Swartwout Richard , Beiglböck Finn , Kothe Linda , Bulović Vladimir , Bawendi Moungi G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells are among the most promising new solar technologies, already surpassing polycrystalline silicon solar cell efficiencies. The stability of the highest efficiency devices at elevated temperature is, however, poor. These cells typically use Spiro‐MeOTAD as the hole transporting layer. It is generally believed that additives, required for enhancing electrical conductivity and optimizing energy level alignment, are responsible for the reduced stability—inferring that Spiro‐MeOTAD based hole transporting layers are intrinsically unstable. Here, a reliable noble metal free synthesis of Spiro‐MeOTAD (bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide)4 is presented which is used as the oxidizing agent. No additives are added to the partially oxidized Spiro‐MeOTAD hole‐transporting layer. Device efficiencies up to 24.2% are achieved. Electrical conductivity is largely developed by the first 1% oxidation. Further oxidation shifts the energy levels away from the vacuum level, which allows tuning of the energy level alignment without the use of additives—contradicting the current understanding of this system. Without additives, devices demonstrate significant improvement in stability at elevated temperatures up to 85 °C under one sun over 1400 h continuous illumination. The remaining degradation is pinpointed to ion migration and reactions in the perovskite layer which may be further suppressed with compositional engineering and adequate ion barrier layers.
Bladeless Wind Turbine Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Effectively Harvesting Random Gust Energy
Authors: Zhu Mingkang , Zhu Jianyang , Zhu Jinzhi , Zhao Zilong , Li Hengyu , Cheng Xiaojun , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Tinghai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the environment, there is an abundance of gust energy which is challenging to harvest with conventional rotating wind turbines, such as the gusts generated by passing vehicles along roadsides. Addressing the irregular and low‐frequency characteristics of gusts, a bladeless wind turbine triboelectric nanogenerator (BWT‐TENG) with enhanced aerodynamic performance is proposed, enabling effective harvesting of random gust energy. First, a bladeless wind turbine with a cylindrical bluff body shape is designed, and its aerodynamic principles under gust‐driven conditions are elucidated through the computational fluid dynamics method. Subsequently, parameter optimization is conducted for the multilayered TENG. Systematic experiments demonstrated that the BWT‐TENG achieved a peak power density of 4.08 W m−3 driven by a gust of 10 m s−1, and can even operate at frequencies as low as 0.1 Hz. Finally, experiments showcased the BWT‐TENG powering a warning light in a simulated rainfall environment and harvesting gust energy from vehicles passing by real roadside to power wireless gyroscopic sensors, thereby achieving self‐powered structural health monitoring of roads or bridges. This work provides a novel strategy for utilizing TENGs in the harvest of environmental gust energy and demonstrates the vast potential of TENGs in the field of self‐powered structural health monitoring.
A mixed‐methods study on risk perception and safety practices among unorganized construction workers in a municipal area of West Bengal
Authors: Barman Sayantika , Sahu Monalisha , Chakraborty Arup , Dasgupta Akash 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe construction industry in India heavily relies on unorganized workers, who often lack adequate access to safety measures, placing them at significant risk of accidents and injuries. The objective was to determine risk perceptions of construction workers, and explore their safety practices, facilitators, and barriers.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach with a convergent parallel design (QUAN + qual) was undertaken. Quantitative strand included face‐to‐face interviews with 203 randomly selected building construction workers from 10 construction sites in five selected municipal wards in Kolkata. Questions pertained to socio‐demographics, occupational characteristics, risk perception, and safety practices. The qualitative arm involved key informant interviews to unravel the facilitators and barriers affecting safety practices and nonparticipant observation.ResultsThe perceived risk for respiratory problems due to dust, pain from carrying loads, slips, trips or falls, and heat‐related illnesses was in the medium‐ to high category for 64.0%, 58.6%, 39.9%, and 36.5% of the study participants, respectively. However, the safety practices for these respective domains were in the good practice category for 6.9%, 4.9%, 54.2%, and 34.5% of the workers. From the qualitative arm, it was evident that availability of PPE, a conducive environment, and availability of worker‐friendly technology could be important predictors of safety practices. Barriers such as time constraints and feasibility due to discomfort and expenditure were also identified.ConclusionDespite high‐risk perception, safety practices were not consistently good among construction workers. Further research is crucial to enhance the health and safety of unorganized workers in India.
Library‐Friendly Synthesis of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane‐Containing Sulfonamides via a Transition Metal‐Free Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Ma Xiaoshen , Canfield Amanda M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP)‐containing sulfonamides via a transition metal‐free process of a three‐component reaction among BCP‐containing N‐tosyl hydrazones, 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur dioxide) adduct (DABSO), and amines. Different from existing methods to synthesize BCP‐containing sulfonamides, our method avoids the usage of sulfonyl halides, which could be challenging due to chemical instabilities. We have also demonstrated that this methodology is suitable for library synthesis of such sulfonamides. As a result, we can expect future application in drug discovery.
Accelerated Aging after Traumatic Brain Injury: An ENIGMA Multi‐Cohort Mega‐Analysis
Authors: Dennis Emily L , Vervoordt Samantha , Adamson Maheen M , Houshang Amiri , Bigler Erin D , Caeyenberghs Karen , Cole James H , Dams‐O'Connor Kristen , Deutscher Evelyn M , Dobryakova Ekaterina , Genova Helen M , Grafman Jordan H , Håberg Asta K , Hellstrøm Torgeir , Irimia Andrei , Koliatsos Vassilis E , Lindsey Hannah M , Livny Abigail , Menon David K , Merkley Tricia L , Mohamed Abdalla Z , Mondello Stefania , Monti Martin M , Newcombe Virginia FJ , Newsome Mary R , Ponsford Jennie , Rabinowitz Amanda , Smevik Hanne , Spitz Gershon , Venkatesan Umesh M , Westlye Lars T , Zafonte Ross , Thompson Paul M , Wilde Elisabeth A , Olsen Alexander , Hillary Frank G 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe long‐term consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on brain structure remain uncertain. Given evidence that a single significant brain injury event increases the risk of dementia, brain‐age estimation could provide a novel and efficient indexing of the long‐term consequences of TBI. Brain‐age procedures use predictive modeling to calculate brain‐age scores for an individual using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Complicated mild, moderate, and severe TBI (cmsTBI) is associated with a higher predicted age difference (PAD), but the progression of PAD over time remains unclear. We sought to examine whether PAD increases as a function of time since injury (TSI) and if injury severity and sex interacted to influence this progression.MethodsThrough the ENIGMA Adult Moderate and Severe (AMS)‐TBI working group, we examine the largest TBI sample to date (n = 343), along with controls, for a total sample size of n = 540, to replicate and extend prior findings in the study of TBI brain age. Cross‐sectional T1w‐MRI data were aggregated across 7 cohorts, and brain age was established using a similar brain age algorithm to prior work in TBI.ResultsFindings show that PAD widens with longer TSI, and there was evidence for differences between sexes in PAD, with men showing more advanced brain age. We did not find strong evidence supporting a link between PAD and cognitive performance.InterpretationThis work provides evidence that changes in brain structure after cmsTBI are dynamic, with an initial period of change, followed by relative stability in brain morphometry, eventually leading to further changes in the decades after a single cmsTBI. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:365–377
Construction of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Poly(heptazine Imide) Nanosheets via Hydrogen Bonds for Boosting CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Zhou Min , Wang Haozhi , Liu Rong , Liu Zheyang , Xiao Xinyan , Li Weilin , Gao Chao , Lu Zhou , Jiang Zhifeng , Shi Weidong , Xiong Yujie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe creation of frustrated Lewis pairs on catalyst surface is an effective strategy for tuning CO2 activation. The critical step in the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs is the spatial effect of proximal Lewis acid‐Lewis base pairs. Here, we demonstrate a facile surface functionalization methodology that enables hydrogen bonding between N and H atoms to mediate the construction of frustrated Lewis pairs in poly(heptazine imide), thereby increasing the propensity to activate CO2 molecules. Experimental and theoretical results show that the construction of active hydrogen bonding regions can facilitate the bending of CO2 molecules. Furthermore, the delocalization of electron clouds induced by the hydrogen bonding‐mediated frustrated Lewis pairs can promote the heterolytic cleavage and photocatalytic conversion of CO2. This work highlights the potential of utilizing hydrogen bonding‐mediated strategy in heterogeneously photocatalytic activation of CO2 over polymer materials.
Bionic layered hydrogel with high strength for excellent lubrication and load capacity
Authors: Zhang Ran , Ning Fangdong , Hu Xuxu , Zhen Jinming , Ge Bo , Jia Zhengfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTraditional hydrogels with soft and wet features often show poor mechanical properties due to their single cross‐linked network and amorphous structure. Hence, there are still great challenges in the preparation of strong and elastic hydrogels with superior lubrication performance for broader applications. Inspired by the biphasic structure of natural cartilage, the tough layered P(AM‐AA)‐Fe3+ (poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)‐Fe3+) hydrogels are prepared via a sodium citrate treatment‐induced surface dissociation approach. The top lubricating layer with porous structure and high water content can achieve ultra‐low friction (friction coefficient [COF] ~ 0.010 at 5 N load), whereas the bottom stiff layer with compact structure demonstrates excellent load‐bearing capacity. The layered structure could provide hydrogels with excellent physical functions such as high strength (~7.1 MPa), superior lubrication (COF ~ 0.018, 10 N), and wear resistance (COF < 0.05, 5 N, 18,000 cycles), thereby expanding the application of hydrogel in the field of bioinspired lubrication materials.
Resilient algorithm for distributed resource allocation under false data injection attacks
Authors: Chen Xingzhi , Cai Xin , Gao Bingpeng , Nan Xinyuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor a first‐order nonlinear multi‐agent system who is subject to false data injection (FDI) attacks on agents' actuators and sensors, agents execute a distributed resource allocation algorithm according to the compromised control inputs and interactive information such that the multi‐agent system is unstable and agents' decisions deviate from the optimal resource allocation. At first, we analyze the robustness of the distributed resource allocation algorithm under the FDI attacks. Then, a resilient distributed algorithm is proposed to solve the distributed resource allocation problem by resisting the adverse effect of the attacks. In detail, the unknown nonlinear term and the false data injected in agents are considered as extended states that can be estimated by extended state observers. The estimation is used in the feedback control to suppress the effect of the FDI attacks. As a result, the designed resilient algorithm ensures that agents' decisions converge to the optimal allocation without requiring any information about the nature of the attacks. An example is given to illustrate the results.
Causal inference in the absence of positivity: The role of overlap weights
Authors: Matsouaka Roland A. , Zhou Yunji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow to analyze data when there is violation of the positivity assumption? Several possible solutions exist in the literature. In this paper, we consider propensity score (PS) methods that are commonly used in observational studies to assess causal treatment effects in the context where the positivity assumption is violated. We focus on and examine four specific alternative solutions to the inverse probability weighting (IPW) trimming and truncation: matching weight (MW), Shannon's entropy weight (EW), overlap weight (OW), and beta weight (BW) estimators.We first specify their target population, the population of patients for whom clinical equipoise, that is, where we have sufficient PS overlap. Then, we establish the nexus among the different corresponding weights (and estimators); this allows us to highlight the shared properties and theoretical implications of these estimators. Finally, we introduce their augmented estimators that take advantage of estimating both the propensity score and outcome regression models to enhance the treatment effect estimators in terms of bias and efficiency. We also elucidate the role of the OW estimator as the flagship of all these methods that target the overlap population.Our analytic results demonstrate that OW, MW, and EW are preferable to IPW and some cases of BW when there is a moderate or extreme (stochastic or structural) violation of the positivity assumption. We then evaluate, compare, and confirm the finite‐sample performance of the aforementioned estimators via Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we illustrate these methods using two real‐world data examples marked by violations of the positivity assumption.
Insights on multi‐spectroscopic approaches for estimating the in vitro binding of favipiravir with adenine nucleotide
Authors: El Gammal Reem N. , Elmansi Heba , El‐Emam Ali A. , Belal Fathalla , Hammouda Mohammed E. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFavipiravir (FVP) is an oral antiviral drug approved in 2021 for the treatment of COVID‐19. It is a pyrazine derivative that can be integrated into anti‐viral RNA products to inhibit viral replication. While, adenine is a purine nucleobase that is found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) to generate genetic information. For the first time, the binding mechanism between FVP and adenine was determined using different techniques, including UV–visible spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, synchronous fluorescence (SF) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and metal ion complexation. The fluorescence spectra indicated that FVP is bound to adenine via Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding through a spontaneous binding process (ΔGο < 0). The quenching mechanism was found to be static. Various temperature settings were used to investigate thermodynamic characteristics, such as binding forces, binding constants, and the number of binding sites. The reaction parameters, including the enthalpy change (ΔHο) and entropy change (ΔSο), were calculated using Van't Hoff's equation. The findings demonstrated that the adenine‐FVP binding was endothermic. Furthermore, the results of the experiments revealed that some metal ions (K+, Ca+2, Co+2, Cu+2, and Al+3) might facilitate the binding interaction between FVP and adenine. Slight changes are observed in the FTIR spectra of adenine, indicating the binding interaction between adenine and FVP. This study may be useful in understanding the pharmacokinetic characteristics of FVP and how the drug binds to adenine to prevent any side effects.
Progressively worsening ptosis in a woman: A case report
Authors: Zhao Hongqing , Ren Yuan , Yang Zhanhua , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Junbo 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageFiller injections into the upper eyelid may cause levator aponeurosis fibrosis and ptosis. This risk must be considered. When ptosis appears, treatment might be difficult. Understanding the upper eyelid anatomy and procedures is essential to prevent eyelid damage.AbstractPtosis is a prevalent condition in cosmetic surgery that occurs due to malfunction of the levator palpebrae superioris or insufficient Müller muscle action. It is characterized by the upper eyelid edge appearing lower than usual when seen at eye level. Ptosis may be categorized into congenital and acquired forms. The primary cause of congenital ptosis is attributed to abnormalities of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle or the motor nerve innervation that controls it. The condition arises from atypical development and malfunction of the oculomotor system. Acquired ptosis may be classified into many categories including traumatic, neurogenic, myogenic, senile, mechanical, and fake ptosis. Currently, there is little documentation of ptosis resulting from the degeneration of the aponeurosis of the muscle in the upper eyelid. We received a case of ptosis caused by fibrosis of the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurotic membrane. We used the technique of levator palpebrae superioris great advancement. The levator palpebrae superioris—Müller muscle was folded to create a stable composite construction via the levator palpebrae superioris high progress.
An exploration of cultural competence in career services with international students
Authors: Balin Elif , Liu Yangyang , Xu Xinrui , Scharinger Joana , Jackson Emily , Goldman Ellen Zold , Anderson Nicole M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study reports on career development professionals’ (CDPs) understanding and use of cultural competence in their work with international students. The Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies guided the study as a conceptual framework based on the literature on international student experiences. The research team used an exploratory qualitative design informed by the community‐based participatory and social justice research approaches. The study included two phases: a survey (n = 33) and semi‐structured interviews (n = 12). The survey results indicated limited familiarity with specific competency frameworks and informed the semi‐structured interviews. Five themes emerged: (1) Awareness of intersectionality and systems of oppression; (2) the need for a holistic approach to career services; (3) specific cultural competence skills; (4) systemic barriers for both international students and CDPs; and (5) the need for advocacy on behalf of and with international students. The findings are discussed with implications for CDPs, institutions, and systemic change.