bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially structured populations with a low level of cryptic diversity in European marine Gastrotricha
Authors: KIENEKE ALEXANDER , MARTÍNEZ ARBIZU PEDRO M. , FONTANETO DIEGO 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSpecies of the marine meiofauna such as Gastrotricha are known to lack dispersal stages and are thus assumed to have low dispersal ability and low levels of gene flow between populations. Yet, most species are widely distributed, and this creates a paradox. To shed light on this apparent paradox, we test (i) whether such wide distribution may be due to misidentification and lumping of cryptic species with restricted distributions and (ii) whether spatial structures exist for the phylogeography of gastrotrichs. As a model, we used the genus Turbanella in NW Europe. DNA taxonomy using a mitochondrial and a nuclear marker supports distinctness of four traditional species (Turbanella ambronensis, T. bocqueti, T. mustela and T. cornuta) and provides evidence for two cryptic species within T. hyalina. An effect of geography on the within‐species genetic structure is indeed present, with the potential for understanding colonization processes and for performing phylogeographic inference from microscopic animals. On the other hand, the occurrence of widely distributed haplotypes indicates long‐distance dispersal as well, despite the assumed low dispersal ability of gastrotrichs.
Islands and streams: clusters and gene flow in wild barley populations from the Levant
Authors: HÜBNER SARIEL , GÜNTHER TORSTEN , FLAVELL ANDREW , FRIDMAN EYAL , GRANER ANDREAS , KOROL ABRAHAM , SCHMID KARL J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe domestication of plants frequently results in a high level of genetic differentiation between domesticated plants and their wild progenitors. This process is counteracted by gene flow between wild and domesticated plants because they are usually able to inter‐mate and to exchange genes. We investigated the extent of gene flow between wild barley Hordeum spontaneum and cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare, and its effect on population structure in wild barley by analysing a collection of 896 wild barley accessions (Barley1K) from Israel and all available Israeli H. vulgare accessions from the Israeli gene bank. We compared the performance of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) marker data genotyped over a core collection in estimating population parameters. Estimates of gene flow rates with SSR markers indicated a high level of introgression from cultivated barley into wild barley. After removing accessions from the wild barley sample that were recently admixed with cultivated barley, the inference of population structure improved significantly. Both SSR and SNP markers showed that the genetic population structure of wild barley in Israel corresponds to the three major ecogeographic regions: the coast, the Mediterranean north and the deserts in the Jordan valley and the South. Gene flow rates were estimated to be higher from north to south than in the opposite direction. As has been observed in other crop species, there is a significant exchange of alleles between the wild species and domesticated varieties that needs to be accounted for in the population genetic analysis of domestication.
“It was just an unconditional gift.” Self reflections of non‐directed living kidney donors
Authors: Tong Allison , Craig Jonathan C. , Wong Germaine , Morton John , Armstrong Sarah , Schollum John , Cross Nick 
Published: January 2012

Tong A, Craig JC, Wong G, Morton J, Armstrong S, Schollum J, Cross N. “It was just an unconditional gift.” Self reflections of non‐directed living kidney donors.Abstract:  Non‐directed living kidney donation is an important emerging type of donation, but there are concerns about ulterior motives and irrational decision‐making. This study aimed to elicit the motivations and experiences of non‐directed living kidney donors. Qualitative interviews were conducted with all 18 people who donated a kidney in the transplant unit of the South Island, New Zealand. Six major themes were identified: offering the chance of life (opportunity for normalcy in the recipient, good samaritanism), determination (resolute personal decision, rooted in stability, urgency, opportuneness), minimizing perceived risks (live with one kidney, trust in the medical system, physical and genetic resilience, taking chances, mental preparation, mild inconvenience), preserving anonymity (protecting donor anonymity, respecting recipient choice, receiving appreciation, knowing recipient outcomes, developing relationships), donor support (psychologic preparation, efficient coordination, reimbursement of expenses), and gaining benefits (improved fitness, empowerment and satisfaction, connectedness). Non‐directed living kidney donors want to offer someone a chance of normal life; a decision driven by resoluteness and a sense of urgency. Kidney donation is perceived to offer improved fitness, and a sense of empowerment, satisfaction, and connectedness. Reluctance to consider non‐directed donation programs solely on concerns of unrealistic or ill‐motivations and potential feelings of donor regret appear unwarranted.
Immunocytochemical Localization of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Intermediate Filaments in the Bovine Ovary during Folliculogenesis
Authors: Wendl J. , Ebach K. , Rodler D. , Kenngott R. A.‐M. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe cellular cytoskeleton is composed of three fibrillar systems, namely actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments (IFs). It not only is a structural system, which mediates functional compartmentalization, but also contributes to many cellular processes such as transport, mitosis, secretion, formation of cell extensions, intercellular communication and apoptosis. In this study, we have examined the distribution of four groups of IFs [cytokeratins (CKs), vimentin, desmin and lamins] in the somatic and germinal cells of the bovine ovary using RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical techniques. Using RT‐PCR, specific transcripts for all intermediate proteins studied (CK8, CK18, desmin, vimentin, lamin A/C and lamin B1) were detected. A characteristic immunohistochemical staining pattern was observed for the different IFs within the ovary. In this study, we used antibodies against type I CK (acidic CKs: CK14, CK18 and CK19) and type II CK (basic CKs: CK5 and CK8). Among these, only antibodies against CK18 gave a characteristic pattern of immunostaining in the ovary, which included the surface epithelium, the follicle cells, the endothelium of blood vessels and rete ovarii. Antibodies against all other CKs resulted in a weak staining of a limited number of cellular structures (CK5 and CK19) or were completely negative (CK8 and CK14, apart from the surface epithelium). Vimentin antibodies resulted occasionally in a weak staining of the granulosa cells of primary and secondary follicles. In late secondary follicles, the basal and the most apical follicle cells contacting the zona pellucida usually showed a marked immunostaining for vimentin. In antral follicles, three different immunostaining patterns for vimentin were observed. Desmin immunostaining was confined to the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. Although mRNA for lamin A/C and lamin B1 could be demonstrated using RT‐PCR, no immunostaining was found for lamins, neither in the follicle cells nor in the oocytes.
Polymelous Layer Chick Displaying Additional Malformations of the Hind Gut: Case Report and In‐Depth Review of Related Literature
Authors: Hirschberg R. M. , Saleh M. , Kaiser S. , Lierz M. , Hafez H. M. , Bragulla H. H. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryA case report of a male 6‐day‐old male layer chick featuring incomplete polymelia of the hind limbs and hindgut malformations is presented. The chick was submitted to computed tomography (CT) examination and subsequent anatomical dissection. Apart from the two supernumerary hind limbs, the anatomical dissection revealed additional hindgut alterations: three uniform‐sized caeca flanked the ileum, and the rectum branched into paired cloacae. The supernumerary hind limbs were localized caudal to the normal hind limbs in an inverted position and were attached to pelvic girdle elements and to a curtate pygostyle. They featured a prominent unpaired femur besides paired tibiotarsi, tarsometatarsi and species‐specific phalanges of the toes. Additionally, two separate bones attached to the caudoventral aspect of the regular hip bones were developed. The supernumerary limbs were in part mobile and received nerve and vascular supply. Digital 3D‐reconstruction based on the CT datasets revealed the osseous components of the malformed body parts. The possible morphogenesis including an in‐depth literature review and the clinical implications of the reported malformations are discussed.
Nursing students' perceptions about nursing care plans: A Turkish perspective
Authors: Can Gulbeyaz , Erol Ozgul 
Published: January 2012

Can G, Erol O. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 12–19Nursing students' perceptions about nursing care plans: A Turkish perspectiveThis descriptive study was planned in order to assess self‐perceived sufficiency levels of nursing students at preparing nursing care plans and also determine the effect of these plans on students' occupational development. Sample of the study was consisted of 55 nursing students who were taking oncological training. Data were collected by using Personal Information Form and Student Care Plan Evaluation Form. Non‐parametric tests were used in data analysis. Students perceived themselves ‘insufficient’ although assessing reproductive neurological and cardiovascular systems, respectively, and also interpreting results of hemogram and urine tests. No significant difference was found between the initial and last nursing care plans prepared by the students during clinical training. Sixty % of students reported that preparing and implementing nursing care plans had favourable effects on their occupational development. Results suggest that students should be well prepared before clinical training programmes and also nursing care plans should be revised and used in more proper and practical ways in order to enhance students' occupational development.
Rapid intervention and treatment zone: Redesigning nursing services to meet increasing emergency department demand
Authors: Considine Julie , Lucas Elspeth , Martin Roslyn , Stergiou Helen E , Kropman Matthew , Chiu Herman 
Published: January 2012

Considine J, Lucas E, Martin R, Stergiou HE, Kropman M, Chiu H. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 60–67Rapid intervention and treatment zone: Redesigning nursing services to meet increasing emergency department demandThe impact of emergency nursing roles in demand management systems is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate emergency nurses' role in a specific emergency department (ED) demand management system: rapid intervention and treatment zone (RITZ). A descriptive exploratory approach was used. Data were collected from audit of 193 randomly selected patient records and 12 h of clinical practice observation. The median age of participants was 31 years, 51.8% were males and 99.5% were discharged home. Nurse qualifications or seniority had no significant effect on waiting time or length of stay (LOS). There were disparities between documented and observed nursing practice. Thedesignation and qualifications of RITZ nurses made little difference to waiting times and ED LOS. Specific documentation and communication systems for areas of the ED that manage large numbers of low complexity patients warrant further research.
Critical discourse analysis: Understanding change in maternity services
Authors: McIntyre Meredith , Francis Karen , Chapman Ysanne 
Published: January 2012

McIntyre M, Francis K, Chapman Y. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 36–43Critical discourse analysis: Understanding change in maternity servicesThis paper provides an example of the use of critical discourse analysis (CDA) in the area of maternity care policy and describes the process of CDA as an effective research method for understanding the influences of change in the context of Australian maternity services. CDA is a methodological approach that examines how discourse is formed and given power, as a result of how power is used, who uses it and the context within which this usage takes place. The application of CDA is described in this study for the purpose of examining key‐stakeholder use of knowledge and power for the purpose of influencing the direction of the maternity services reform. The CDA theoretical framework guided discourse identification and analysis of the purpose behind the discourse through examination of power relationships between key stakeholders. The use of a theoretical lens in the form of neoliberalism to supplement the theoretical framework facilitated the exposure of forces intrinsic to the maternity care context driving change.
Nurses' protective measures during chemotherapy preparation and administration in Turkey*
Authors: Rizalar Selda , Tural Esra , Altay Birsen 
Published: January 2012

Selda R, Tural E, Altay B. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 91–98Nurses' protective measures during chemotherapy preparation and administration in TurkeyChemotherapeutic agents are known to be carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic to humans. Occupational exposure to chemotherapeutic agents is a potential risk. The aim of this study was to determine the safety measures on personal and environmental protection taken by nurses during chemotherapy preparation and administration. Current study was conducted between 1 April and 30 June 2007 in the chemotherapy administration units of all hospitals in Samsun, North of the Turkey. Seventy‐three nurses were included in the study group. Data were obtained via questionnaire form. Findings for nurses' safety behaviour and usage of recommended health safety measures showed that, notwithstanding the rules and regulations pertaining to chemotherapeutics, nurses did not comply with them fully. The study expanded that health providers and clinical environment are under threat for contamination of chemotherapeutics. The results clearly point the importance of need for regular education programme. This study also revealed the necessity for improvement of the working environment.
Self‐care strategies to facilitate sleep in patients with heart disease—A qualitative study
Authors: Johansson Anna , Karlsson Johan , Brödje Karin , Edell‐Gustafsson Ulla 
Published: January 2012

Johansson A, Karlsson J, Brödje K, Edell‐Gustafsson U. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 44–51Self‐care strategies to facilitate sleep in patients with heart disease—A qualitative studyThis study aimed at exploring and describing the self‐care management strategies used by patients with coronary artery disease to facilitate sleep. Qualitative interviews in a dialogue manner, in a phenomenographic reference frame analyzed according to manifest and latent principles of qualitative content analysis, were performed. A purposeful sampling technique was used including 11 patients with coronary heart disease in a Heart Medical Unit in a general hospital setting. Two main themes were identified: ‘sleep‐rhythm’ and ‘sleep‐hygiene’ including four descriptive categories. The categories reveal five basic responses including emotions, cognition, physical symptoms (reactions), behaviours and/or the sleep environment, which were related to perceived or actual presence of sleep‐wake problems and health that were the underlying reason for the self‐care management strategies. Basically, intervention studies that address these five responses for choice of non‐pharmacological methods based on cognitive behavioural therapy provided by nurses are needed.
Public services for children with special needs: Discrimination by diagnosis?
Authors: McDowell Michael , O'Keeffe Mick 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn July 2011, the Australian federal government announced expansion of early intervention funding. Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome and hearing and vision impairments are now eligible in addition to the existing funding for children diagnosed with autistic disorders. By deciding who gets the funding according to a set of accepted diagnoses, many children with equivalent if not greater levels of early intervention special need are excluded. In this viewpoint, we consider the fairness of this approach, and argue that while it may make sense from a political point of view, it is hard to justify, and possibly even discriminatory, from clinical, ethical and legal perspectives.
Macrophage infiltration and renal damage are independent of matrix metalloproteinase 12 in the obstructed kidney
Authors: ABRAHAM ABU P , MA FRANK Y , MULLEY WILLIAM R , OZOLS ELYCE , NIKOLIC‐PATERSON DAVID J 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAim:  To determine whether matrix metalloproteinase‐12 (MMP‐12) plays a functional role in renal interstitial macrophage accumulation, interstitial fibrosis or tubular apoptosis in the unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) model.Background:  MMP‐12 is an enzyme that can cleave a number of extracellular matrix proteins and plays a role in macrophage‐mediated injury in experimental models of emphysema and antibody‐dependent glomerular disease. Macrophages are thought to promote renal fibrosis and tubular damage in the obstructed kidney. Furthermore, upregulation of MMP‐12 expression by infiltrating macrophages in the obstructed kidney has been described, but the potential role of MMP‐12 in renal injury induced by this non‐immune insult is unknown.Methods:  Groups of eight MMP‐12 gene deficient (MMP‐12−/−) and wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were killed 3, 7 or 14 days after UUO.Results:  Analysis of three different lineage markers found no difference in the degree of interstitial macrophage accumulation between MMP‐12−/− and WT UUO groups at any time point. Examination of renal fibrosis by total collagen staining, α‐SMA + myofibroblast accumulation, and TGF‐β1, PAI‐1 and collagen IV mRNA levels showed no difference between MMP‐12−/− and WT UUO groups. Finally, tubular damage (KIM‐1 levels) and tubular apoptosis (cleaved caspase‐3) in the obstructed kidney was not affected by MMP‐12 gene deletion.Conclusion:  In contrast to lung injury and antibody‐dependent glomerular injury, MMP‐12 is not required for renal interstitial macrophage accumulation, interstitial fibrosis or tubular damage in the obstructed kidney.
Naturalistic exploration of the effect of osmotic release oral system‐methylphenidate on remission rate and functional improvement in Taiwanese children with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Tzang Ruu‐Fen , Wang Ya‐Ching , Yeh Chin‐Bin , Hsu Cheng‐Dien , Liang Hsin‐Yi , Yang Pin‐Chen , Liu Hung‐Jen , Huang Yu‐Shu , Cheng Helen , Hsu Ya‐Chen , Liu Shen‐Ing , Pan Chia‐Ho , Huang Ya‐Fen , Huang Chi‐Fen , Wu Yu‐Yu , Huang Yu‐Hsin , Liu Hui‐Ching , Chang Hsueh‐Ling 
Published: January 2012

Aim:  To determine the differences in the remission rate, recovery rate, functional improvement, and treatment adherence related to treatment with short‐acting immediate‐release methylphenidate (IR‐MPH) and long‐acting osmotic‐release oral system‐methylphenidate (OROS‐MPH) in a naturalistic setting among Taiwanese children with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:  A total of 757 children with ADHD, aged 6–18 years, was evaluated using the following in order determine functional improvement and treatment adherence: the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale (SNAP‐IV‐C), Clinical Global Impression‐ADHD‐Severity (CGI‐S) to measure remission and recovery rates, the Chinese version of the Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents (CSAICA), and caregiver's satisfaction rate, treatment adherence, and frequency of adverse effects.Results:  According to the SNAP‐IV‐C scores, the remission rate was 30.72%, and the recovery rate was 16.38%. Compared to short‐acting IR‐MPH, OROS‐MPH was associated with greater functional improvement and treatment adherence among children with ADHD.Conclusion:  OROS‐MPH treatment at the adequate dosage can achieve higher remission and recovery rates, produce greater functional improvement, and result in better treatment adherence than IR‐MPH treatment.
Multi‐channel near‐infrared spectroscopy shows reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex during facial expression processing in pervasive developmental disorder
Authors: Nakadoi Yoshihiro , Sumitani Satsuki , Watanabe Yukina , Akiyama Mai , Yamashita Naomi , Ohmori Tetsuro 
Published: January 2012

Aim:  The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether individuals with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) show differential activation during an emotional activation task compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls, by measuring changes in the concentration of oxygenated (oxyHb) and deoxygenated (deoxyHb) hemoglobin, using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).Methods:  Fourteen patients with PDD and 14 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls participated in the study. The relative changes of concentrations of oxyHb and deoxyHb were measured on NIRS during an implicit processing task of fearful expression using Japanese standard faces.Results:  PDD patients had significantly reduced oxyHb changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to healthy controls.Conclusion:  PFC dysfunction may exist in PDD.
Prevalence and relation of dementia to various factors in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rana Abdul Qayyum , Yousuf Muhammad Saad , Naz Sughra , Qa'aty Nour 
Published: January 2012

Aims:  Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Dementia, among its non‐motor symptoms, is a debilitating complication affecting intellectual functioning. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of dementia in Parkinson's disease and its relation to age, gender and stage of the disease.Methods:  A retrospective chart analysis was performed on Parkinson's disease patients seen in a community‐based Parkinson's disease and movement disorder clinic between 2005 and 2010.Results:  A total of 310 patients were included in this survey, among whom 61 patients (19.7%) with Parkinson's disease met the criteria for dementia. Age was found to be a significant factor in developing dementia, with 90% of patients with dementia aged ≥70. Gender, however, was not correlated with dementia in Parkinson's disease. On analysis of stage at which dementia developed, progression of the disease was positively correlated with prevalence of dementia.Conclusions:  As age increases, the chances of developing dementia increase. Dementia, contrarily, is not selective between genders. The likelihood of developing dementia increases as the stage of disease advances. Further research is required in order to understand underlying mechanisms of dementia in Parkinson's disease.