bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered expression of tissue remodeling genes in a mouse model of acute allergic rhinitis
Authors: Sautter Nathan B. , Delaney Katherine L. , Trune Dennis R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:Osteogenesis, fibrosis, and scarring are prominent pathologic changes resulting from chronic sinonasal inflammation, and these tissue changes may increase the degree of disease symptomatology and the level of surgical difficulty. Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) families of cytokines and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of endopeptidases are known to regulate tissue remodeling in other disease processes, but their role in acute and chronic sinonasal inflammation remains undefined.Methods:A previously described mouse model of acute allergic rhinitis secondary to Aspergillus fumigatis exposure in BALB/C mice was used. Intranasal challenge was performed 1 week following intraperitoneal sensitization with A. fumigatis extract and mice were sacrificed 6 hours (n = 8) and 24 hours (n = 8) later. Additional mice were intranasally challenged 3 times per week and sacrificed at the end of 7 days (n = 8) and 21 days (n = 8). The snouts were processed for quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and compared to untreated controls for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of BMP1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8a, 8b, 9, 10, FGF1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and MMP1a, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, and 14. Additional 21‐day‐old mice were prepared for sinonasal histopathology. Control mice were treated with the same protocol, with intraperitoneal phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and intranasal PBS substituted for A. fumigatis extract. Untreated mice were used for additional comparison.Results:Compared to both the PBS‐treated and untreated control groups, statistically significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of MMP8 was observed in the 6‐hour time point. Significant downregulation of MMP8 was observed at 1 week. Significant upregulation of FGF3 was observed at 1 week (p < 0.05). BMP3 and BMP5 were significantly downregulated in the 1‐week group (p < 0.05). The mice exhibited histologic sinonasal changes consistent with allergic inflammation.Conclusion:Intranasal exposure to A. fumigatis results in altered expression of several tissue remodeling cytokines at varying time points in the acute allergic rhinitis mouse model. These changes in cytokine regulation may subsequently contribute to sinonasal osteogenesis, scarring, and fibrosis as seen in chronic rhinosinusitis. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Shark reactions to scuba divers in two marine protected areas of the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Cubero‐Pardo Priscilla , Herrón Pilar , González‐Pérez Fernanda 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Worldwide, there are concerns about the potential impact of a growing tourism industry on the behaviour and ecology of sharks. Several shark species are key attractions in the scuba diving industry in both the Galápagos Marine Reserve (Ecuador) and the Sanctuary of Fauna and Flora Malpelo (Colombia).
In this study, the reactions of five species of shark to the behaviour of scuba divers were investigated in the Galápagos and Malpelo.
Four discrete categories of shark reaction (evasion, spontaneous approach, alert and no reaction) were identified and analysed against five categories of diver behaviour (direct approach, camera flash, sudden movement, noise and simple presence), two categories of observation strategy (still and movement) and the distance of the focal diver group to the sharks.
The type of reaction in the sharks was determined by the behaviour of the divers, their distance to the fish and, especially, by their observation strategy. Shark reactions varied between species and locations and divers acted more intrusively towards those species they were not afraid of, and which they could access more easily due to the conditions of their environment.
‘Direct approach’, ‘sudden movement’, the observation strategy ‘moving’ and distances closer than 4 m between divers and sharks elicited stronger behavioural responses by the species targeted. Recommendations are given for the preferred actions divers should employ in order to diminish the effects on the target species analysed in this study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depressive symptoms and prescription of antidepressants in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Lindberg Magnus 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVEDepressive symptoms are commonly noted in patients on hemodialysis treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychological care of patients receiving in‐center hemodialysis treatment. Thus the aim was to describe the occurrence of depressive symptoms and prescription of antidepressive agents, as well as to assess the agreement between present symptoms and ongoing pharmacological treatment in clinical practice.METHODSThe occurrence of self‐reported depressive symptoms and documented ongoing pharmacological treatment was assessed in a cross‐sectional survey including 141 hemodialysis patients. Agreement between depressive symptoms and prescription of antidepressants was analyzed.RESULTSThirty‐five percent of the participants suffered from self‐reported depressive symptoms, and there was poor agreement between depressive symptoms and prescription of an antidepressant agent.DISCUSSIONDepressive symptomatology is a significant problem in hemodialysis patients. It is therefore important to use systematic approaches to screen patients for depression, diagnose clinical depression, plan for treatment strategies, and follow up depression treatment outcomes.
Cell replacement therapies for nervous system regeneration
Authors: López‐Bendito Guillermina , Arlotta Paola 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe adult brain was thought to be a slowly decaying organ, a sophisticated but flawed machine condemned to inevitable decline. Today we know that the brain is more plastic than previously assumed, as most prominently demonstrated by the constitutive birth of new neurons that occurs in selected regions of the adult brain, even in humans. However, the overall modest capacity for endogenous repair of the central nervous system (CNS) has sparked interest in understanding the barriers to neuronal regeneration and in developing novel approaches to enable neuronal and circuit repair for therapeutic benefit in neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic injuries. Scientists recently assembled in Baeza, a picturesque town in the south of Spain, to discuss aspects of CNS regeneration. The picture that emerged shows how an integrated view of developmental and adult neurogenesis may inform the manipulation of neural progenitors, differentiated cells, and pluripotent stem cells for therapeutic benefit and foster new understanding of the inner limits of brain plasticity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 145–152, 2012
Developmental plasticity of dendritic morphology and the establishment of coverage and connectivity in the outer retina
Authors: Reese Benjamin E. , Keeley Patrick W. , Lee Sammy C.S. , Whitney Irene E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDeveloping retinal neurons differentiate their distinctive dendritic morphologies through cell‐intrinsic instructions and cellular interactions within the local environment. This review examines the contributions of interactions with afferents and with homotypic neighbors upon the dendritic morphogenesis of retinal bipolar cells in four different mouse models that modulate the frequency of these interactions. Comparisons with horizontal cell differentiation are discussed, and differences between the dendritic plasticity within the outer versus inner plexiform layers are highlighted. Finally, the developmental plasticity of the bipolar and horizontal cells is considered in light of thenatural variation in afferent and target cell number, ensuring a uniformity of coverage and connectivity across the retinal surface. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 1273‐1285, 2011
Plant community composition as a function of geochemistry and hydrology in three Appalachian wetlands
Authors: Thompson Yvonne , D'Angelo E. M. , Karathanasis A. D. , Sandefur Brian C. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTAppalachian mountain wetlands are uncommon and diverse ecosystems; however, they are often susceptible to extensive alteration or destruction due to coal mining, highway construction, and quarrying. This study aimed to determine vegetation composition at three pristine wetlands and establish relationships with previously reported hydrologic, edaphic, and porewater characteristics to provide baseline data that could enhance wetland mitigation or restoration projects. Herbaceous vegetation was assessed by visually estimating percent cover for bryophyte and vascular species and by determining stem density for vascular taxa using 1 m2 quadrats located along transects. Multiple response permutation procedures (MRPPs) based upon importance values confirmed that species composition differed significantly (P < 0·001) among the sites. Nonmetric multi‐dimensional scaling (NMDS) indicated that soil moisture conditions during the fall, soil chemistry, and porewater chemical composition influenced plant community composition. The first wetland (Martins Fork) was primarily dominated by Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda regalis, and Sphagnum palustre in response to drier soil during the fall season, higher soil pH, and weakly minerotrophic soil and porewater. The second wetland (Kentenia) was overwhelmingly dominated by S. palustre due to lower soil pH and persistently high water levels. Vegetation at the third wetland (Four Level) was distinguished by strongly dominant Scirpus polyphyllus and Glyceria striata and responded to higher soil and porewater Ca, Mg, and P concentrations as well as a light intensity gradient. The diverse vegetation and physico‐chemical characteristics indicate that these sites, although small in size, support regional biodiversity and are potential reference wetlands. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposed principles governing how vegetation changes affect transpiration
Authors: Moore Georgianne W. , Heilman James L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUnderstanding global variation in evapotranspiration (ET) is critical for accuracy of climate models, predictions used in water resources management, and assessment of land use change impacts on the water balance of ecosystems—yet we lack unifying principles to predict when transpiration (T) varies with land use. Plant T is a dynamic and often dominant component of ET, and is affected by a variety of processes controlled by land use changes superimposed onto edaphic conditions. We propose the following three principles that determine whether T will vary with changes in vegetation: variation will result if energy balance partitioning has been altered, if deeper or shallower active rooting depth has changed the amount of soil moisture accessible to plants, or if temporary changes in water use add up over longer time scales. Clearly these concepts are not new; however, they are often overlooked in favor of blanket assumptions that large changes in vegetation inevitably alter T. Not so. Our suggested framework incorporates both edaphic and plant traits that determine whether T will vary or not in response to altered land cover conditions. We suggest that this simple set of principles unifies results of wide‐ranging studies of T following land use change and can explain underlying causes of T variation. These principles are illustrated through case studies from four different environments: Pacific Northwest forest, Texas mesquite brushland, Texas savanna and woodland, and Middle Rio Grande riparian forest. The proposed principles seem broadly applicable, should be further evaluated, and are directly relevant for land management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequence‐specific predictive chromatography to assist mass spectrometric analysis of asparagine deamidation and aspartate isomerization in peptides
Authors: Sargaeva Nadezda P. , Goloborodko Anton A. , O'Connor Peter B. , Moskovets Eugene , Gorshkov Mikhail V. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDeamidation of asparagine and spontaneous isomerization of aspartic acid in proteins and peptides occur frequently. These modifications result in a mixture of peptide variants containing all three residues in the sequences. Identification and isomer quantification for these systems are challenging tasks for tandem mass spectrometry commonly utilized in protein analysis. Chromatographic data provide a set of sequence‐specific information complementary to mass spectrometry. In order to compare measured retention times (RTs) with those calculated from the sequences derived from protein databases, it is necessary to develop chromatographic models and tools allowing the prediction of RT and elution order for peptides with modified residues. In this work we extended recently introduced critical liquid chromatography of biomacromolecule model for prediction of RTs for peptides containing asparagines, aspartic acid, and isoaspartic acid residues.
Power calculations for monitoring studies: a case study with alternative models for random variation
Authors: Elston D. A. , Nevison I. M. , Scott W. A. , Sier A. R. J. , Morecroft M. D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractStatistical assessment of any monitoring scheme should always take place ahead of its implementation, and formal power calculations play an important role in such assessments. The power calculations can either be used to help find a design with a stated probability of detecting a given trend or difference in trends at some level of significance, or they can be used to provide information about the magnitude of trend or difference in trends which is likely to be detected by a proposed monitoring scheme. In either case, the power calculations require estimates of variances or variance components. This paper describes a case study in which statistical powers are compared for two competing models for random variation over years within sites: a random regression coefficient model and a first order autocorrelated error model. The response variables we present results for are unconstrained indices of butterfly abundance and constrained indices of plant species composition. The results indicate the effect of the different assumptions about random variation, in both the short and the long term. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF MATERNAL ILLNESS IN RURAL BANGLADESH
Authors: Powell‐Jackson Timothy , Hoque Mohammad Enamul 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYWe use panel data on household consumption combined with information taken from the medical records of women who gave birth in health facilities to explore the economic consequences of maternal ill health, in the context of a rural population in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that there is a large reduction in household resources associated with maternal illness, driven almost entirely by spending on health care. In spite of this loss of resources, we find that households are able to fully insure consumption against maternal ill health, although confidence intervals are unable to rule out a small effect. Households in our study area are shown to have good access to informal credit (whether it be from local money lenders or family relatives), and this appears critical in helping to smooth consumption in response to these health shocks, at least in the short term. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A profile of patients with hyperparathyroidism undergoing lithium therapy for affective psychiatric disorders
Authors: Kandil Emad , Dackiw Alan P. , Alabbas Haytham , Abdullah Obai , Tufaro Anthony P. , Tufano Ralph P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to evaluate whether lithium‐induced hyperparathyroidism (LIHPT) is caused by single‐gland versus multigland disease.MethodsMedical records of 7 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for LIHPT were reviewed.ResultsThe mean preoperative calcium was 11.1 ± 0.7 mg/dL. Six of 7 patients were rendered eucalcemic with surgery. Of the 6 patients successfully treated with surgery, 4 had single‐gland disease, 1 had double adenomas, and 1 had 4‐gland hyperplasia. Intraoperative intact serum parathyroid hormone (iPTH) accurately predicted resolution of hyperparathyroidism in 6 of 7 patients. One patient then subsequently developed persistent hyperparathyroidism refractory to further surgery. Localization studies defined the extent of disease in 5 of 7 patients.ConclusionLIHPT presents with a spectrum of disease ranging from single‐gland to multigland disease. The utility of preoperative localization studies and intraoperative iPTH in this population is uncertain. Bilateral exploration may be best to achieve a resolution of LIHPT. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Quantifying reduction in ecological risk in Penrhyn Estuary, Sydney, Australia, following groundwater remediation
Authors: Hunt James , Birch Gavin , Warne Michael 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The environmental risk associated with discharge of contaminated groundwater containing a complex mixture of at least 14 volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCHs) to Penrhyn Estuary, Sydney, Australia has previously been assessed. That probabilistic ecological risk assessment (ERA) was undertaken using surface water monitoring data from 2004 to 2005. Subsequently, in 2006, a groundwater remediation system was installed and commissioned to prevent further discharge of VCHs into the estuary. The present study assessed the ecological risk posed to the estuary after 2006 to evaluate the success of the remediation system. The ERA was undertaken using toxicity data derived from direct toxicity assessment (DTA) of preremediation contaminated groundwater using indigenous species, exposure data from surface water monitoring between 2007 and 2008 and the joint probability curve (JPC) methodology. The risk posed was measured in 4 zones of the entire site: source area (2), tributary (2), the inner estuary and outer estuary at high, low, and a combination of high and low tides. In the 2 source areas, risk decreased by over 2 and over 1 orders of magnitude to maximum values of less than 0.5%. In 1 estuary, risk decreased by over 1 order of magnitude, from a maximum of 36% to a maximum of 2.3%. At the other tributary and both the inner and outer estuaries, the risk decreased to less than 1%, regardless of the tide. This analysis revealed that the remediation system was very effective and that the standard level of protection required for slightly to moderately affected ecosystems (95% of species) by the Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality was met postremediation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012;8:98–106. © 2011 SETAC
Identification of ten serum microRNAs from a genome‐wide serum microRNA expression profile as novel noninvasive biomarkers for nonsmall cell lung cancer diagnosis
Authors: Chen Xi , Hu Zhibin , Wang Wenjing , Ba Yi , Ma Lijia , Zhang Chunni , Wang Cheng , Ren Zhiji , Zhao Yang , Wu Sijia , Zhuang Rui , Zhang Yixin , Hu Heng , Liu Chazhen , Xu Lin , Wang Jun , Shen Hongbing , Zhang Junfeng , Zen Ke , Zhang Chen‐Yu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe detection of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at an early stage presents a daunting challenge due to the lack of a specific noninvasive marker. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), particularly those found in serum, has opened a new avenue for tumor diagnosis. To determine whether the expression profile of serum miRNAs can serve as a NSCLC fingerprint, we performed Taqman probe‐based quantitative RT‐PCR assay to selected differentially expressed serum miRNAs from a sample set including 400 NSCLC cases and 220 controls, and risk score analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of the serum miRNA profiling system. After a two‐phase selection and validation process, 10 miRNAs were found to have significantly different expression levels in NSCLC serum samples compared with the control serum samples. Risk score analysis showed that this panel of miRNAs was able to distinguish NSCLC cases from controls with high sensitivity and specificity. Under ROC curves, the AUC for tumor identification in training set and validation set were 0.966 and 0.972, respectively. Furthermore, the expression profile of the 10‐serum miRNAs was correlated with the stage of NSCLC patients, especially in younger patients and patients with current smoking habits. More importantly, the serum miRNA‐based biomarker for early NSCLC detection was supported by a retrospective analysis in which the 10‐serum miRNA profile could accurately classify serum samples collected up to 33 months ahead of the clinical NSCLC diagnosis. Taken together, we demonstrate that the profiling of 10‐serum miRNAs provides a novel noninvasive biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis.
Diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase‐nested polymerase chain reaction: A comparative evaluation
Authors: Swellam Menha , Mahmoud Magda Sayed , Ali Adel Abdel‐Fatah 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHepatitis C virus is one of the main causes of chronic hepatitis in developing countries. The current study was to evaluate the efficacy of the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay third generation (ELISA‐3) for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) in comparison with reverse transcriptase‐nested polymerase chain reaction (RT‐nested PCR) to detect HCV RNA for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus. Serum samples were collected from 151 chronic hepatitis C patients and 50 healthy individuals. All samples were tested for anti‐HCV antibodies using ELISA‐3 and HCV RNA by RT‐nested PCR. Of the 151,120 (78.9%) were found to be seropositive by ELISA‐3, and 148 (98%) patients were HCV RNA positive, 118 (78.1%) were positives for both, 30 (19.9%) were positive for ELISA‐3 and negative for RT‐PCR, and 2 cases (1.3%) were positive for RT‐nested PCR and negative for ELISA‐3. The sensitivity and the specificity for the detection of HCV were absolute when the two techniques were combined. In conclusion, ELISA‐3 is a suitable assay for routine screening for anti‐HCV. RT‐nested PCR for HCV is a value for the early detection of viremic, anti‐HCV negative cases; this may be of importance in treatment of hepatitis C. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(6): 430–434, 2011