bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased frequency of 20q gain and copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity in mismatch repair proficient familial colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Middeldorp A. , van Eijk R. , Oosting J. , Forte G.I. , van Puijenbroek M. , van Nieuwenhuizen M. , Corver W.E. , Ruano D. , Caldes T. , Wijnen J. , Morreau H. , van Wezel T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMany hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers (CRCs) cannot be explained by Lynch syndrome. Other high penetrance genetic risk factors are likely to play a role in these mismatch repair (MMR)‐proficient CRC families. Because genomic profiles of CRC tend to vary with CRC susceptibility syndromes, our aim is to analyze the genomic profile of MMR‐proficient familial CRC to obtain insight into the biological basis of MMR‐proficient familial CRC. We studied 30 MMR‐proficient familial colorectal carcinomas, from 15 families, for genomic aberrations, including gains, physical losses, and copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity LOH (cnLOH) using SNP array comparative genomic hybridization. In addition, we performed somatic mutation analysis for KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and GNAS. The frequency of 20q gain (77%) is remarkably increased when compared with sporadic CRC, suggesting that 20q gain is involved in tumor progression of familial CRC. There is also a significant increase in the frequency of cnLOH and, as a consequence, a reduced frequency of physical loss compared with sporadic CRC. The most frequent aberrations observed included gains of 7p, 7q, 8q, 13q, 20p and 20q as well as physical losses of 17p, 18p and 18q. Most of these changes are also observed in sporadic CRC. Mutations in KRAS were identified in 37% of the MMR‐proficient CRCs, and mutations in BRAF were identified in 16%. No mutations were identified in PIK3CA or chromosome 20 candidate gene GNAS. We show that the patterns of chromosomal instability of MMR‐proficient familial CRC are clearly distinct from those from sporadic CRC. Both the increased gain on chromosome 20 and the increased levels of cnLOH suggest the presence of yet undiscovered germline defects that can, in part, underlie the cancer risk in these families.
Neuroglobin, estrogens, and neuroprotection
Authors: De Marinis Elisabetta , Marino Maria , Ascenzi Paolo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGlobins have been found in glial cells and neurons of invertebrates and vertebrates. The first nerve globin has been recognized in the nerve cord of the polychaete annelid Aphrodite aculeata in 1872. In some invertebrates, the nerve globin reaches a millimolar concentration which is likely sufficient to sustain the aerobic metabolism and thus the excitability of the nervous system. In 2000, the first vertebrate nerve globin, named neuroglobin (Ngb), has been identified in neuronal tissues of mice and humans. In contrast to invertebrate nerve globins, the concentration of Ngb, the prototype of vertebrate nerve globins, is low (μM), reaching a maximum of 100 μM in retina cells. Therefore, Ngb appears unlikely to act primarily as an O2 buffer and to facilitate O2 diffusion to the mitochondria. Indeed, Ngb has been hypothesized to catalyze the formation/decomposition of reactive nitrogen and/or oxygen species and to be part of intracellular signaling pathways enhancing cell survival. Here, we report that neuronal Ngb levels are strongly induced by the steroid hormone 17β‐estradiol. Furthermore, Ngb participates to mechanisms involved in 17β‐estradiol‐induced protective effects against H2O2‐induced neurotoxicity. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(3): 140–145, 2011
The refined structure of functional unit h of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH1‐h) reveals disulfide bridges
Authors: Jaenicke Elmar , Büchler Kay , Decker Heinz , Markl Jürgen , Schröder Gunnar F 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHemocyanins are multimeric oxygen‐transport proteins in the hemolymph of many arthropods and mollusks. The overall molecular architecture of arthropod and molluscan hemocyanin is very different, although they possess a similar binuclear type 3 copper center to bind oxygen in a side‐on conformation. Gastropod hemocyanin is a 35 nm cylindrical didecamer (2 × 10‐mer) based on a 400 kDa subunit. The latter is subdivided into eight paralogous “functional units” (FU‐a to FU‐h), each with an active site. FU‐a to FU‐f contribute to the cylinder wall, whereas FU‐g and FU‐h form the internal collar complex. Atomic structures of FU‐e and FU‐g, and a 9 Å cryoEM structure of the 8 MDa didecamer are available. Recently, the structure of keyhole limpet hemocyanin FU‐h (KLH1‐h) was presented as a Cα‐trace at 4 Å resolution. Unlike the other seven FU types, FU‐h contains an additional C‐terminal domain with a cupredoxin‐like fold. Because of the resolution limit of 4 Å, in some loops, the course of the protein backbone could not be established with high certainty yet. Here, we present a refined atomic structure of FU‐h (KLH1‐h) obtained from low‐resolution refinement, which unambiguously establishes the course of the polypeptide backbone and reveals the disulfide bridges as well as the orientation of bulky amino acids. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(3): 183–187, 2011
Fast and long term lipid droplet tracking with CARS microscopy
Authors: Jüngst Christian , Winterhalder Martin J. , Zumbusch Andreas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhotobleaching of organic fluorophores commonly used in fluorescence microscopy puts a limit to the number of images which can be acquired. Label‐free imaging techniques therefore offer advantages both for rapid image acquisition and for long–term observations. CARS microscopy is a label‐free imaging technique offering molecule specific contrast. Here we demonstrate that CARS microscopy allows video‐rate tracking of intracellular transport of lipid droplets, but also continuous long‐term observation of cells over several hours. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spata4 promotes osteoblast differentiation through Erk-activated Runx2 pathway
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Harimoto Kenichi , Liu Jing , Guo Junwei , Hinshaw Stephen , Chang Zhijie , Wang Zhao 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The spermatogenesis associated 4 gene (Spata4, previously named TSARG2) was demonstrated to participate in spermatogenesis. Here we report that Spata4 is expressed in osteoblasts and that overexpression of Spata4 accelerates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. We found that Spata4 interacts with p-Erk1/2 in the cytoplasm and that overexpression of Spata4 enhances the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. Intriguingly, we observed that Spata4 increases the transcriptional activity of Runx2, a critical transcription factor regulating osteoblast differentiation. We showed that Spata4-activated Runx2 is through the activation of Erk1/2. Consistent with this observation, we found that overexpression of Spata4 increases the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including osteocalcin (Ocn), Bmp2, osteopontin (Opn), type 1 collagen, osterix (Osx), and Runx2. We concluded that Spata4 promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization through the Erk-activated Runx2 pathway. Our findings provided new evidence that Spata4 plays a role in regulation of osteoblast differentiation. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Down‐regulation of BMI‐1 cooperates with artemisinin on growth inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Wu Jing , Hu Dong , Yang Guang , Zhou Junyi , Yang Changfu , Gao Yun , Zhu Zhenyu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractArtemisinin and its derivatives are well known antimalaria drugs, particularly useful for the treatment of infection of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites resistant to traditional antimalarial pharmaceuticals. Artemisinin has inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth and anti‐angiogenetic activity, including many drug‐ and radiation‐resistant cancer cell lines. Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 (BMI‐1) has been shown to regulate proliferation by inhibiting p16ink4a transcription. It is well known that BMI‐1 over‐expression was found in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and correlated with advanced invasive stage of the tumor progression and poor prognosis. In the present investigation, we analyzed the inhibitory effects of artemisinin on proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines (CNE‐1 and CNE‐2, well‐differentiated cells, and poorly differentiated cells). We demonstrated that artemisinin induced G1 cell cycle arrest in CNE‐1 and CNE‐2 cells. Artemisinin inhibited BMI‐1 both in protein and transcript levels. BMI‐1 knockdown made the cells more sensitive to artemisinin with an increase in G1 phase, but over‐expression of BMI‐1 partially reversed the artemisinin‐induced G1 cell cycle arrest. Depletion of BMI‐1 was able to intensifying the increment of p16 and the reduction of CDK4 induced by artemisinin. In addition, over‐expression of BMI‐1 was capable of attenuating the increasing p16 and decreasing CDK4 in cells treated with artemisinin. Taking together, the BMI1‐p16/CDK4 axis was involved in the artemisinin‐driven G1 arrest in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and these results indicated that a potential treatment that the combination of artemisinin and BMI‐1 downregulation could enhance the growth inhibitory affects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1938–1948, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developing and validating the “composite measure of problem behaviors”
Authors: Kingston Jessica , Clarke Sue , Ritchie Timothy , Remington Bob 
Published: March 2011

AbstractClinicians frequently encounter problem behaviors such as self‐harm, restrictive eating, binge eating, alcohol misuse, drug misuse, smoking, sexual promiscuity, internet addiction, excessive exercise, and aggression. Although these behaviors commonly co‐occur, no scale exists to measure them concurrently. Based on data from two opportunity samples (N = 691 and N = 53), this study designed and validated a composite measure of the problem behaviors noted above. The Composite Measure of Problem Behaviors, developed using exploratory factor analysis, demonstrated good psychometric properties. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis, using both the first (N = 691) and a third sample (N = 740), identified a common higher order factor that accounted for covariance between behaviors. Findings thus suggest that despite the formal dissimilarity of behaviors assessed, a common function may explain their covariation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–16, 2011.
The effect of platinum on the performance of WO3 nanocrystal photocatalysts for the oxidation of Methyl Orange and iso‐propanol
Authors: Joshi Upendra A. , Darwent James R. , Yiu Humphrey H. P. , Rosseinsky Matthew J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: This research investigated the effect of platinum (Pt) on the reactivity of tungsten oxide (WO3) for the visible light photocatalytic oxidation of dyes.RESULTS: Nanocrystalline tungsten oxide (WO3) photocatalysts were synthesised by a sol‐gel process and employed for the photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Orange under visible light. For comparison commercial bulk WO3 materials were also studied for the same reaction. These materials were fully characterised using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic oxidation of iso‐propanol was used as a model reaction to follow the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen. No reactions occured in the absence of platinum, which is an essential co‐catalyst for the multi‐electron reduction of oxygen. The platinised WO3 catalysts were stable for multiple oxidation–reduction cycles. The results from the catalytic activity measurements showed that platinised nanocrystalline WO3 is a superior oxidation photocatalyst when compared with bulk WO3. Methyl Orange was completely decolourised in 4 h.CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced performance of nanocrystalline Pt‐WO3 is attributed to improved charge separation in the nanosized photocatalyst. Platinum is an essential co‐catalyst to reduce oxygen. This photocatalyst could be applied to the treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater, with the advantage of using visible light compared with the widely studied TiO2, which requires UV light. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of new polydentate pyrazolyl‐ethene ligands by interaction of 1H‐pyrazole and 1,1,2,2‐tetrabromoethane in a superbasic medium
Authors: Potapov Andrei S. , Nudnova Evgenia A. , Khlebnikov Andrei I. , Ogorodnikov Vladimir D. , Petrenko Tatiana V. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReaction of pyrazole and 1,1,2,2‐tetrabromoethane in a superbasic medium dimethylsulfoxide‐potassium hydroxide was investigated, and a number of pyrazolyl‐ and bromo‐substituted ethenes, which are the products of concurrent substitution and elimination reactions, were identified. Carrying out the reaction using different reagent mole ratios allowed to selectively isolate Z‐1,2‐bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)ethene, 1,1,2‐tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)ethane, and 1,1,2,2‐tetrakis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)ethane. Crystal structure of {Z‐1,2‐bis (pyrazol‐1‐yl)ethene}dichlorozinc was established using X‐ray diffraction method. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Revascularization and bone remodeling of frozen allografts stimulated by intramedullary sustained delivery of FGF‐2 and VEGF
Authors: Willems Wouter F. , Larsen Mikko , Giusti Guilherme , Friedrich Patricia F. , Bishop Allen T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFrozen bone allografts are susceptible to nonunion and fracture due to limited revascularization and incomplete bone remodeling. We aim to revascularize bone allografts by combining angiogenesis from implanted arteriovenous (AV) bundles with delivery of fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) and/or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via biodegradable microspheres. Rat femoral diaphyseal allografts were frozen at −80°C, and heterotopically transplanted over a major histocompatibility mismatch. A saphenous AV bundle was inserted into the intramedullary canal. Growth factor was encapsulated into microspheres and inserted into the graft, providing localized and sustained drug release. Forty rats were included in four groups: (I) phosphate‐buffered saline, (II) FGF‐2, (III) VEGF, and (IV) FGF‐2 + VEGF. At 4 weeks, angiogenesis was measured by the hydrogen washout method and microangiography. Bone remodeling was evaluated by quantitative histomorphometry and histology. Bone blood flow was significantly higher in groups III and IV compared to control (p < 0.05). Similarly, bone remodeling was higher in VEGF groups. FGF‐2 had little effect on allograft revascularization. No synergistic effect was observed with use of both cytokines. Delivered in microspheres, VEGF proved to be a potent angiogenic cytokine, increasing cortical bone blood flow and new bone formation in frozen allografts revascularized with an implanted AV bundle. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1431–1436, 2011
Effects of Interleukin‐6 Ablation on Fracture Healing in Mice
Authors: Wallace Aaron , Cooney Timothy E. , Englund Richard , Lubahn John D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study examined the impact of an interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) knockout on fracture healing in terms of histological and biomechanical responses. Following IACUC approval, tibial fractures were produced in 4‐ to 6‐week‐old IL‐6 knockouts (n = 35) and wild‐type mice (n = 36) and harvested along with contralateral limbs at 2 and 6 weeks postsurgery. Histology quantified stage of healing, lymphocyte infiltration, TRAP+ cells, and osteocalcin deposition. Bend testing established maximum load and stiffness. Based on normality assessments, Mann–Whitney U or independent t‐tests were used for data analysis using a p‐value threshold of 0.05. Stage of healing, lymphocyte infiltration, and osteocalcin deposition were similar for all time points (p ≥ 0.243). TRAP+ cell counts were reduced approximately 10‐fold in the knockout at 2 weeks (p = 0.015) but were similar at 6 weeks (p = 0.689). Force‐to‐failure in knockouts was approximately 40% that of wild‐type mice at 2 weeks (p = 0.040) but similar at 6 weeks (p = 0.735). Knockout bone was about 25% less stiff at 2 weeks but approximately 60% stiffer at 6 weeks (p ≥ 0.110). The absence of IL‐6 during early fracture healing significantly reduced osteoclastogenesis and impaired callus strength. By 6 weeks, most histological and biomechanical parameters were similar to fractures in wild‐type bone. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1437–1442, 2011
Local tissue properties of human osteoarthritic cartilage correlate with magnetic resonance T1rho relaxation times
Authors: Tang Simon Y. , Souza Richard B. , Ries Michael , Hansma Paul K. , Alliston Tamara , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the local relationship between T1ρ relaxation times and the mechanical behavior of human osteoarthritic articular cartilage using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and local in situ microindentation. Seven human tibial plateaus were obtained from patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty due to severe osteoarthritis (OA). Three to six sites were selected from each sample for visual classification using the ICRS Outerbridge scale (a total of 36 sites). Samples were imaged by MR, and the local distribution of T1ρ relaxation times were obtained at these selected sites. The elastic and viscoelastic characteristics of the tissue were quantified nondestructively using dynamic microindentation to measure peak dynamic modulus, energy dissipation, and phase angle. Measured Outerbridge scores, MR T1ρ relaxation times, and mechanical properties were highly heterogeneous across each cartilage surface. Site‐specific measures of T1ρ relaxation times correlated significantly with the phase angle (p < 0.001; R = 0.908), a viscoelastic mechanical behavior of the cartilage. The novel combination of high‐resolution MR imaging and microindentation allows the investigation of the local relationship between quantitative MRI and biomechanical properties in highly heterogeneous OA cartilage. These findings suggest that MRI T1ρ can provide a functional assessment of articular cartilage. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1312–1319, 2011
A preliminary study comparing the use of allogenic chondrogenic pre‐differentiated and undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of full thickness articular cartilage defects in rabbits
Authors: Dashtdar Havva , Rothan Hussin A. , Tay Terence , Ahmad Raja Elina , Ali Razif , Tay Liang Xin , Chong Pan Pan , Kamarul Tunku 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChondrogenic differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (CMSCs) have been shown to produce superior chondrogenic expression markers in vitro. However, the use of these cells in vivo has not been fully explored. In this study, in vivo assessment of cartilage repair potential between allogenic‐derived chondrogenic pre‐differentiated mesenchymal stem cells and undifferentiated MSCs (MSCs) were compared. Bilateral full thickness cartilage defects were created on the medial femoral condyles of 12 rabbits (n = 12). Rabbits were divided into two groups. In one group, the defects in the right knees were repaired using alginate encapsulated MSCs while in the second group, CMSCs were used. The animals were sacrificed and the repaired and control knees were assessed at 3 and 6 months after implantation. Quantitative analysis was performed by measuring the Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/total protein content. The mean Brittberg score was higher in the transplanted knees as compared to the untreated knee at 6 months (p < 0.05). Quantitative analysis of GAGs was consistent with these results. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated hyaline‐like cartilage regeneration in the transplanted sites. Significant differences between the histological scores based on O'Driscoll histological grading were observed between contralateral knees at both 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the Britberg, O'Driscoll scores, and GAGs/total protein content when comparing defect sites treated with MSC and CMSC (p > 0.05). This study demonstrates that the use of either MSC or CMSC produced superior healing when compared to cartilage defects that were untreated. However, both cells produced comparable treatment outcomes. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1336–1342, 2011
Protective role of IL‐1β against post‐arthroplasty Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Bernthal Nicholas M. , Pribaz Jonathan R. , Stavrakis Alexandra I. , Billi Fabrizio , Cho John S. , Ramos Romela Irene , Francis Kevin P. , Iwakura Yoichiro , Miller Lloyd S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMyD88 is an adapter molecule that is used by both IL‐1R and TLR family members to initiate downstream signaling and promote immune responses. Given that IL‐1β is induced after Staphylococcus aureus infections and TLR2 is activated by S. aureus lipopeptides, we hypothesized that IL‐1β and TLR2 contribute to MyD88‐dependent protective immune responses against post‐arthroplasty S. aureus infections. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of a post‐arthroplasty S. aureus infection to compare the bacterial burden, biofilm formation and neutrophil recruitment in IL‐1β‐deficient, TLR2‐deficient and wild‐type (wt) mice. By using in vivo bioluminescence imaging, we found that the bacterial burden in IL‐1β‐deficient mice was 26‐fold higher at 1 day after infection and remained 3‐ to 10‐fold greater than wt mice through day 42. In contrast, the bacterial burden in TLR2‐deficient mice did not differ from wt mice. In addition, implants harvested from IL‐1β‐deficient mice had more biofilm formation and 14‐fold higher adherent bacteria compared with those from wt mice. Finally, IL‐1β‐deficient mice had ∼50% decreased neutrophil recruitment to the infected postoperative joints than wt mice. Taken together, these findings suggest a mechanism by which IL‐1β induces neutrophil recruitment to help control the bacterial burden and the ensuing biofilm formation in a post‐surgical joint. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1621–1626, 2011
Drop‐coating deposition Raman spectroscopy of liposomes
Authors: Kočišová Eva , Procházka Marek 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDrop‐coating deposition Raman (DCDR) spectroscopy was tested as a potential technique for studying liposomes at very low sample concentrations. We used model liposomes prepared either from 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospocholine or from soybean asolectin, which is composed of various lipids and thus represents a good model of natural membranes. In both cases, deposited samples formed a dried drop with a circular shape with a ring of concentrated liposomes at the edge. Spectral mapping showed that maximum Raman intensity originated from the inner part of the edge ring, while Raman signal gradually decreased in both radial directions. The Raman spectra exhibited excellent reproducibility of spectral characteristics at different locations in the drop, indicating similar conformation and ordering of hydrocarbon lipid chains in the sample. Our results suggest that DCDR spectroscopy can be used for studying lipids in situ, and sensitivity of this technique is at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional Raman microscopy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.