bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NTDS — A PAGE IN NAVAL HISTORY
Authors: SWENSON ERICK N. , MAHINSKE EDMUND B. , STOUTENBURGH JOSEPH S. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA little over thirty years ago, a group of naval engineers were assembled by the Bureau of Ships to develop a new system approach to the combat information center (CIC). The CIC of World War II, with its “grease pencil” plots and voice telling of tactical information from sensors and other ships, could no longer provide the timely, coordinated reaction to postwar threats. This project group led the Navy into the new world of large‐scale, high‐speed digital electronics and into a new mode of conducting naval warfare as well. There were no off‐the‐shelf computers of the requisite capability, size and reliability; what were available were monstrous vacuum tube computers. There were no display equipments that were “conversant” in both the digital language of the computer and the analog language of the sensors and the weapon systems. Who ever heard, at that time, of a computer running a tactical communication net automatically? It was hard enough to find sufficient numbers of engineers who knew what a digital computer was. This paper, by three naval engineers in the implementing engineering office, depicts the evolvement of the Naval Tactical Data Systems (NTDS) as they saw it. It discusses the problems that stemmed from the transition from the old world of analog into the new digital world, the system concepts that steered the development; the key decisions that were made; new electronic equipment and processes that became necessary; and the need of the mangagement to face the real world of deadlines, ship schedules and operational requirements.
Advanced SiC Power Modules for 13.8 kV Power Distribution
Authors: McNUTT TY , SHERWIN MARC , VAN CAMPEN STEVE , HOWELL ROBERT , WALKER ANDY , HA KATHY , HEARNE HAROLD , MOTTO KEVIN , ROETTGER THOMAS , GUTSHALL DUSTIN , NECHAY BETTINA , SINGH RANBIR , LESLIE SCOTT , LAI JASON 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNorthrop Grumman Corporation has been developing 10 kV SiC MOSFETs and Junction Barrier Schottky diodes for application to a 13.8 kV 2.7 MVA solid‐state power substation. The design of half‐bridge power modules has extensively used simulation, from electron‐level device simulations to the system‐level trade studies, to develop the most efficient module for use in the SSPS.
On the Parametric Resonance of Tumblehome Hullforms in a Longitudinal Seaway
Authors: McCUE LEIGH S. , CAMPBELL BRADLEY L. , BELKNAP WILLIAM F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis work presents a numerical study of the influence of topside shape on parametric roll in longitudinal seas. The ONR 3 Topsides hulls are used to compare the single degree‐of‐freedom rolling response of a destroyer‐sized vessel with flared (model 5613), tumblehome (model 5613‐1), and wallsided (model 5613‐2) shapes above the waterline. Through this relative comparison, the key aspects of parametric resonance of a tumblehome hullform are highlighted, namely the reduction in head seas forward speed required to encounter parametric roll. A variant on the Mathieu equation is used to simulate roll motions.
Improvement of Propeller Hydrodynamic Drag and Efficiency on USCG Cutters Operating in Trailshaft Mode
Authors: SCHOCK JAMES J. , TAYLOR TODD 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLarge US Coast Guard cutters spend much of their underway time with only one of two propellers operating. The offline propeller is “trailed,” often creating a significant amount of hydrodynamic drag. Operators from the fleet do not appear to have any specific guidance on how best to reduce this drag. Using the propeller analysis tools PSF‐3 and PSF‐10, propeller thrust coefficient values versus advance coefficient values were created for the propellers of the USCG 270′ cutters. These values—and the associated drag—vary significantly in magnitude based on the trailed propeller pitch. Based upon sea trial measurements, expected magnitudes of this drag versus pitch setting were predicted. Minimum drag pitch settings were identified for an operational 270′ cutter at 8 knots. RPM and pitch settings for maximum hydrodynamic efficiency for the online shaft are sometimes developed during ship acquisition. In the current work, a methodology for conducting such a study is discussed to demonstrate to ship operators the relative ease with which they could perform this analysis on board, if effective power and propeller thrust coefficient values are available. Consideration of prime mover specific fuel consumption rates together with propeller hydrodynamic efficiencies is discussed.
Bulging Merchant Ships
Authors: SIMS PHILIP 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBulging is the process of adding a new skin to an existing ship to regain strength, reduce draft, and increase stability. A previous 1989 ASNE paper was entitled “Bulging Warships” and by its very name announced that it would not deal with applying bulges to non‐military ships. This paper reviews the history of bulges being applied to merchant vessels. Bulges are most often applied to merchant vessels when the traffic is better than expected requiring a quick increase in carrying capacity or when regulatory authorities demand an increase in the stability standard to allow continued service. Rather than enduring the long and expensive process of buying a new vessel, the owner will send an existing ship into the yard to be cut and lengthened or, in the case of ferries, have more passenger spaces added topside. Such modifications cause weight and stability growth that requires additional hull strength, buoyancy, and waterplane area that only a larger dimensions hull can provide. The paper includes an appendix updating the 1987 warship bulge history and a second appendix on the post‐1987 attempts to bulge modern US Navy ships.
Application of Models in the Design of Underwater Electromagnetic Signature Reduction Systems
Authors: HOLMES JOHN J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe susceptibilities of surface ships and submarines to electromagnetic influence mines and detection systems are generally determined with the aid of mathematical and physical scale models of the vessel's underwater field signatures. In addition, they are the primary tools used in the design of signature reduction systems. However, limitations of model accuracy need to be recognized and identified through verification and validation, and they should not be used blindly as a substitute for critical engineering analysis. The proper use of underwater electromagnetic field models of naval vessels in designing signature reduction systems will be presented.
Seladin‐1/DHCR24 protects neuroblastoma cells against Aβ toxicity by increasing membrane cholesterol content
Authors: Cecchi C. , Rosati F. , Pensalfini A. , Formigli L. , Nosi D. , Liguri G. , Dichiara F. , Morello M. , Danza G. , Pieraccini G. , Peri A. , Serio M. , Stefani M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe role of brain cholesterol in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently a matter of debate. Experimental evidence suggests that reducing circulating and brain cholesterol protects against AD, however recent data indicate that low membrane cholesterol results in neurode‐generation and that the cholesterol synthesis catalyst seladin‐1 is down‐regulated in AD‐affected brain regions. We previously reported a significant correlation between resistance to amyloid toxicity and content of membrane cholesterol in differing cultured cell types. Here we provide evidence that Aβ42 pre‐fibrillar aggregates accumulate more slowly and in reduced amount at the plasma membrane of human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells overexpressing seladin‐1 or treated with PEG‐cholesterol than at the membrane of control cells. The accumulation was significantly increased in cholesterol‐depleted cells following treatment with the specific seladin‐1 inhibitor 5,22E‐cholestadien‐3‐ol or with methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin. The resistance to amyloid toxicity and the early cytosolic Ca2+ rise following exposure to Aβ42 aggregates were increased and prevented, respectively, by increasing membrane cholesterol whereas the opposite effects were found in cholesterol‐depleted cells. These results suggest that seladin‐1‐dependent cholesterol synthesis reduces membrane‐aggregate interaction and cell damage associated to amyloid‐induced imbalance of cytosolic Ca2+. Our findings extend recently reported data indicating that seladin‐1 overexpression directly enhances the resistance to Aβ toxicity featuring seladin‐1/DHCR 24 as a possible new susceptibility gene for sporadic AD.
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma cells are sensitive to rapamycin
Authors: Kremer Melanie , Sliva Katja , Klemke Claus‐Detlev , Schnierle Barbara S. 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma cells are sensitive to rapamycin. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 800–805.Abstract:  Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) are characterised by clonal expansion of helper T lymphocytes that infiltrate the skin. Only a small number of cell lines exist to study cellular pathways leading to T‐cell transformation and to identify new targets for intervention. We wanted to investigate the inhibition of mTOR as a possible therapeutic target in CTCL. Primary cells of patients with Sézary syndrome (SS) and conventional CTCL cell lines were analysed. Constitutive activation of mTOR was found, and concomitantly, we could show that rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, inhibits CTCL cell growth in vitro by induction of cell cycle arrest. Using a previously established animal model for CTCL, we additionally observed upon rapamycin treatment tumor growth inhibition in vivo. In summary, primary cells from patients with SS as well as CTCL cell lines allowed us to identify mTOR as an important target for intervention.
Skin‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (S‐MSCs) induce endothelial cell activation by paracrine mechanisms
Authors: Salvolini Eleonora , Orciani Monia , Vignini Arianna , Mattioli‐Belmonte Monica , Mazzanti Laura , Di Primio Roberto 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Skin‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (S‐MSCs) induce endothelial cell activation by paracrine mechanisms. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 848–850.Abstract:  The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to accumulate at the site of tissue damage. For this reason, they must transmigrate across the endothelium. In this study, we focused on skin‐derived MSCs (S‐MSCs), because the skin represents a useful stem cell source, and we analysed the VEGF released by S‐MSCs, because it is known to promote endothelial cell proliferation and vascular permeability. Moreover, we evaluated the influence of S‐MSC‐conditioned medium on human aortic endothelial cell intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and nitric oxide (NO) production, given their important role in endothelial permeability modulation. Our results suggest that human S‐MSCs may interact with the endothelium via paracrine mechanisms, probably leading to an alteration of the endothelial barrier. Consequently, we could hypothesize that a therapeutic approach based on human skin‐derived MSCs may have a positive effect on tissue repair.
The biology of burn injury
Authors: Evers Lars H. , Bhavsar Dhaval , Mailänder Peter 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: The biology of burn injury. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 777–783.Abstract:  Burn injury is a complex traumatic event with various local and systemic effects, affecting several organ systems beyond the skin. The pathophysiology of the burn patient shows the full spectrum of the complexity of inflammatory response reactions. In the acute phase, inflammation mechanism may have negative effects because of capillary leak, the propagation of inhalation injury and the development of multiple organ failure. Attempts to mediate these processes remain a central subject of burn care research. Conversely, inflammation is a necessary prologue and component in the later‐stage processes of wound healing. In this review, we are attempting to present the current science of burn wound pathophysiology and wound healing. We also describe the evolution of innovative strategies for burn management.
Genetic analysis of three important genes in pigmentation and melanoma susceptibility: CDKN2A, MC1R and HERC2/OCA2
Authors: Ibarrola‐Villava Maider , Fernandez Lara P. , Pita Guillermo , Bravo Jerónimo , Floristan Uxua , Sendagorta Elena , Feito Marta , Avilés José A. , Martin‐Gonzalez Manuel , Lázaro Pablo , Benítez Javier , Ribas Gloria 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Genetic analysis of three important genes in pigmentation and melanoma susceptibility: CDKN2A, MC1R and HERC2/OCA2. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 836–844.Abstract:  The CDKN2A gene is regarded as the major familial malignant melanoma (MM) susceptibility gene. Human pigmentation is one of the main modulators of individual risk of developing MM. Therefore, the genes involved in the determination of skin colour and tanning response are potentially implicated in MM predisposition and may be useful predictors of MM risk in the general population. The human melanocortin‐1 receptor gene (MC1R) plays a crucial role in pigmentation and also appears to be important in MM. The OCA2 gene has emerged as a new and significant determinant of human iris colour variation. We present a case–control study in Spanish population including 390 consecutive patients with melanoma and 254 control subjects. Sequence analysis of the entire coding region and genotyping of 5 tag‐SNPs in the genomic region of MC1R was performed. We identified 27 variants, two reaching statistical significance [R160W (OR: 4.18, 95% CI: 1.24–14.04, P = 0.02) and D294H (OR: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.37–7.01, P = 0.01)] and we detected two novel non‐synonymous changes: V92L and T308M. Odds ratio for carrying two functional variants was 4.25 (95% CI: 2.30–7.84, P = 3.63 × 10−6). Haplotypes of the entire MC1R region have been established, and we observed an enrichment of a rare European haplotype similar to African values carrying variants V92M and I155T. In addition, three potentially functional SNPs were selected in p16/CDKN2A and in the promoter region of OCA2/HERC2. Our data for CDKN2A gene did not reach statistically significant results for any of the two studied alleles. We found that the variant allele A > G of OCA2/HERC2 (rs12913832) was associated with pigmentation features: eye, hair and skin colour; P‐values = 1.8 × 10−29, 9.2 × 10−16, 1.1 × 10−3, respectively, validating previous results.
The Real-Life Safety and Efficacy of Vardenafil (REALISE) Study: Results in Men from Europe and Overseas with Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiovascular or Metabolic Conditions
Authors: Van Ahlen Hermann , Zumbé Jürgen , Stauch Kathrin , Hanisch Jens Ulrich 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Real-Life Safety and Efficacy of vardenafil study is an international, open-label, prospective, noncomparative, noninterventional study in men with erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
To determine the safety and efficacy of vardenafil in a large international pool of men with ED (aged ≥18 years) and associated underlying conditions (N=73,946), in a real-life setting.

Methods
Patients attended an initial physician visit and one to two follow-up visits. Data were acquired by physician interviews and patient diaries and recorded in case report forms (CRFs). Data were pooled from 47 countries in Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the rest of the world (excluding the United States and Japan for methodological reasons). Results were stratified by baseline ED severity, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of hypertension, diabetes, lipid metabolism disorder, or cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Main Outcome Measures
CRFs and patient questionnaires containing questions on overall improvement of erection, satisfaction with efficacy, and desire to continue vardenafil use.

Results
Many participants had hypertension (32.0%), diabetes (22.1%), lipid metabolism disorder (14.6%), or CVD (42.2%). High percentages of patients reported improvements in erectile function, irrespective of baseline ED severity (mild, 97.0%; moderate, 96.2%; severe, 85.5%), BMI (&lt;25, 94.1%; ≥25 and &lt;30, 94.6%; ≥30, 92.9%), or the presence of hypertension (93.6%), diabetes (92.6%), lipid metabolism disorder (94.7%), or CVD (93.3%). Over 90% of patients, including those with underlying conditions, reported being “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with vardenafil efficacy, and stated their intention to continue vardenafil use after the end of the study period. The incidence of adverse events was low, and 97.0% of patients were either “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with vardenafil tolerability.

Conclusions
These data from a worldwide population of men with ED and associated underlying conditions show that vardenafil is effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of ED in a real-life setting, supporting its use as a first-line ED therapy.
Yoga in Male Sexual Functioning: A Noncompararive Pilot Study
Authors: Dhikav Vikas , Karmarkar Girish , Verma Myank , Gupta Ruchi , Gupta Supriya , Mittal Deeksha , Anand Kuljeet 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Yoga is practiced both in developing and developed countries. Many patients and yoga protagonists claim that it is useful in improving sexual functions and treating sexual disorders.

Aim
We wanted to study the effect of yoga on male sexual functioning.

Methods
We studied 65 males (age range=24–60 years, average age=40 ± 8.26 years) who were enrolled in a yoga camp and administered a known questionnaire, i.e., Male Sexual Quotient (MSQ) before and after 12 weeks session of yoga.

Main Outcome Measures
MSQ scores before and after yoga sessions.

Results
It was found that after the completion of yoga sessions, the sexual functions scores were significantly improved (P &lt;0.0001). The improvement occurred in scores of all the domains of sexual functions as studied by MSQ (desire, intercourse satisfaction, performance, confidence, partner synchronization, erection, ejaculatory control, orgasm).

Conclusions
Yoga appears to be an effective method of improving all domains of sexual functions in men as studied by MSQ.
The Presentation of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Maserejian Nancy N. , Shifren Jan L. , Parish Sharon J. , Braunstein Glenn D. , Gerstenberger Eric P. , Rosen Raymond C. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Little is known about the clinical presentation of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women or their perceptions of sexual problems.

Aim
Describe characteristics of premenopausal women with clinically diagnosed acquired, generalized HSDD, and investigate factors perceived to contribute to desire problems.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from premenopausal women with clinically diagnosed and confirmed HSDD enrolled during the first year of the HSDD Registry for Women (N=400).

Main Outcome Measures
Relationship, demographic, and clinical characteristics were assessed by clinician’s medical history review and self-administered questionnaire. Sexual desire function was measured by the validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

Results
Over 85% of women cited multiple factors that contributed to ongoing decreased desire (mean 2.9 ± 2.3 factors, range 0–12). Most commonly cited contributing factors were “stress or fatigue” (60.0%), “dissatisfaction with my physical appearance” (40.8%), and other sexual difficulties (e.g., inability to reach orgasm) (33.5%). Exploratory analyses of the FSFI score confirmed that self-image (P = 0.002) and other sexual problems (P &lt;0.001) were significantly associated with decreased desire. Almost all (96%) participants were currently in a partner relationship. Antidepressant medication was currently used by 18.0% of women, hormonal contraceptives by 28.5%, and hormonal medications (for noncontraceptive reasons) by 7.3%. Physical functioning was consistent with general population norms (SF-36 mean ± standard deviation, 53.3 ± 7.6 vs. norm of 50 ± 10), while overall mental functioning was slightly lower (SF-36, 44.7 ± 10.6).

Conclusions
Within this sample of premenopausal women with clinically diagnosed HSDD, decreased sexual desire was associated with multiple factors, including poor self-image and stress or fatigue. Clinicians presented with premenopausal women expressing sexual desire problems should assess patients’ perceptions of their condition to develop a comprehensive, patient-oriented management plan. Therapy may need to address issues with low self-esteem and mood and offer practical coping mechanisms for stress and fatigue.
Flibanserin: Initial Evidence of Efficacy on Sexual Dysfunction, in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Kennedy Sidney 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Flibanserin, a novel 5-HT1A agonist and 5-HT2A antagonist, has the potential to treat sexual dysfunction.

Aim
Provide historical perspective on the rationale for development of flibanserin to treat sexual dysfunction, based on post hoc analyses of data.

Main Outcome Measures
The Arizona Sexual Experiences (ASEX) scale and the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) Genital Symptoms item.

Methods
Sexual function outcomes are presented from four double-blind, randomized controlled studies involving a total of 369 men and 523 women diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder. Each study had an active treatment arm to confirm assay sensitivity on the primary antidepressive endpoint. Two studies placebo, flibanserin (50 mg bid), or fluoxetine (20 mg qd) for 6 weeks and two involved placebo, flibanserin (50–100 mg bid), or paroxetine (20–40 mg qd) for 8 weeks.

Results
Individual study completion rates were 77–80%. At baseline, 38% of men and 67% of women reported sexual dysfunction. Assay sensitivity was not demonstrated in the fluoxetine trials and sexual function outcomes were inconsistent. Flibanserin and placebo were associated with low rates of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction in women during the paroxetine studies. In one study, 70% of flibanserin-treated women with baseline sexual dysfunction reported improvement in sexual function, compared with 30% of placebo-treated women. Mean change from baseline on the HAMD “Genital Symptoms” item in one paroxetine study was significantly better among flibanserin- than placebo-treated women at weeks 4, 6, and 8 (P &lt;0.05). Sexual function adverse events across flibanserin groups were generally comparable to placebo.

Conclusions
Although these studies were not designed or powered to compare sexual function outcomes, results suggested a potential benefit of flibanserin on sexual function, particularly on female sexual desire, and provided a rationale to evaluate the efficacy of flibanserin as a treatment for female hypoactive sexual desire disorder.