bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of LASIK for Myopia Using the SCHWIND Platform With Ocular Wavefront Customized Ablation
Authors: Arbelaez Maria Clara , Vidal Camila , Mosquera Samuel Arba 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of aspheric ocular wavefront ablation profiles in LASIK treatments.Methods:Thirty eyes treated by ocular wavefront were retrospectively analyzed at 6-month follow-up. Custom Ablation Manager (CAM) software was used to plan wavefront-customized aspheric treatments, and the ESIRIS system was used to perform ablations (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions). Outcomes were evaluated in terms of efficacy, predictability, refractive outcome, safety, and pre- and postoperative wavefront aberration analysis (SCHWIND Ocular Wavefront Analyzer).Results:At 6 months postoperatively, 47% of eyes achieved uncorrected visual acuity 20/20 or better. Average defocus was reduced from −3.49±2.38 diopters (D) preoperatively (range: −10.63 to 0.00 D) to −0.14±0.31 D postoperatively (range: −1.75 to 0.00 D). Astigmatism was reduced from −0.81±1.15 D (range: −4.25 to 0.00 D) to −0.25±0.37 D (range: −1.25 to 0.00 D). Eighty-six percent of eyes were within ±0.50 D. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (logMAR) improved from +0.12±0.08 (range: 0.0 to +0.2) to −0.05±0.13 (range: −0.2 to +0.2) (P=.04). The treatment did not change coma or spherical aberration, and reduced the trefoil from 0.21±0.13 µm (range: 0.05 to 0.53 µm) to 0.08±0.13 µm (range: 0.01 to 0.39 µm) (P=.002).Conclusions:The study results indicate that the aspheric ocular wavefront customized CAM approach for planning ablation volumes is safe and effective.[J Refract Surg. 2009;25:1083–1090.]
INFLUENCE OF SOIL PHYSICAL FACTORS ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE BEAN LEAF BEETLE,CEROTOMA TRIFURCATA(COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Marrone P. G. , Stinner R. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEffects of soil moisture, texture, and temperature on larval and pupal survival and development of the bean leaf beetle,Cerotoma trifurcata(Forster), were investigated in laboratory and greenhouse studies. In both cases, mortality rates were highest during the first instar, decreased during subsequent larval instars, then increased during the pupal stage. Under constant laboratory conditions, survival and adult weights were highest in wet and organic soils and lowest in dry and loamy sand soils. In wet and organic soils, developmental time was shorter than in other soils.Although survival/plant in the greenhouse was greatest in sandy clay loam, survival/nodule was greatest in organic soil.These studies, together with oviposition preference, egg survival, and larval movement experiments agree with field observations and provide some explanations for observed patterns of local and regional abundance of the bean leaf beetle in North Carolina.
TWIG FEEDING BY SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): WITHIN-TREE DISTRIBUTION AND USE FOR ASSESSMENT OF MASS TRAPPING
Authors: Rabaglia Robert J. , Lanier Gerald N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwig-feeding injuries by S. multistriatus in juvenile white (or American) elms occurred primarily (61%) in the upper 1/3 of the crowns. Preferred feeding sites were crotches formed by the previous year's and current year's twig growth (both spring and summer) and by leaf petioles from current year's twig growth (summer only). An index of twig feeding appeared to reflect S. multistriatus population trends and was closely correlated with Dutch elm disease rates in Syracuse, N.Y., from 1978 to 1982. Twig-feeding indices and catches on sticky traps baited with S. multistriatus pheromone were generally correlated, but disparate when competing natural pheromone sources were abundant. Twig sampling indicated that S. multistriatus populations and disease rates were reduced by mass-trapping and trap-tree techniques. The twig-sampling method presented appears to be useful in predicting Dutch elm disease rates and assessing the effectiveness of measures to control its beetle vector.
PEST MANAGEMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): A SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING METHOD TO DETERMINE EGG MASS DENSITY
Authors: Shepherd R. F. , Otvos I. S. , Chorney R. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA sequential egg-mass sample system for Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), was designed, based on visual scanning of the lower branches of Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. A branch was removed from each quadrant from the upper, middle and lower crown level, and from the lowest whorl of a total of 59 non-defoliated trees in 10 areas. No consistent trend in egg-mass density per branch could be found between crown levels and no level proved superior as a representative of the tree. Therefore, the lower whorl of branches was selected for survey purposes because of sampling efficiency. Sample stop lines were determined from egg-mass density and variability data collected on 55 sites and subsequent defoliation estimates were related to these densities. The system is designed as an early detection tool to be used only in non-defoliated stands at the incipient stage of an impending outbreak.
DIGRESSOBOMBUS, A NEW SUBGENUS WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE OF BOMBUS DIGRESSUS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Laverty T. M. , Plowright R. C. , Williams P. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe male of the rare Bombus digressus (Milliron) is described based on new material from Costa Rica. Both male and worker castes display unusual combinations of structural characteristics and the unique male genitalia are considered to warrant the erection of a new monotypic subgenus, Digressobombus.
EFFECTS OF RESIDUES OF CHITIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS ON EGG HATCH AND SUBSEQUENT LARVAL ENTRY OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Moffitt H. R. , Mantey K. D. , Tamaki G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn laboratory and field studies with the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), TH 6043 and TH 6044, experimental benzoylphenyl urea chitin-synthesis inhibitors, were as effective as diflubenzuron in reducing egg hatch and subsequent larval entry when eggs were deposited on previously treated fruits or foliage. All three compounds exhibited extended residual activity, with significant reductions in egg hatch occurring over a 19-week period. TH 6045 exhibited little activity against codling moth. All compounds tested were relatively ineffective in reducing egg hatch or subsequent larval entry when they were applied topically to deposited eggs, except for the red ring stage of development which was slightly affected.
A PILOT BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) CONTROL PROGRAM USING BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Colbo M. H. , O'Brien H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA pilot black fly control program using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on a small stream system near St. John's, Newfoundland resulted in a 70% or greater population reduction of adult black flies from the previous year. The species present in the system were Prosimulium mixtum, Stegopterna mutata, Eusimulium vernum, Simulium tuberosum, S. venustum/verecundum complex, and S. vittatum. The formulation used was Teknar® flowable concentrate (Sandoz Inc.) rated at 600 ITU/mg which proved effective against the larval stages of all black fly species at a dose of 10 ppm for 1 min. The results indicated that this agent will be effective if applied at the appropriate locations and times. The 1-min dose was practical except in very cold water (0°–7 °C) where a 5-min or longer dose may be required. The unpredictable relief pattern of the northern streams resulted in a highly variable downstream carry for the B.t.i. Therefore application sites must be determined by a stream survey and not just from discharge characteristics.
INTER- AND INTRASPECIFIC LARVAL COMPETITION INAPHIDIUS SMITHIANDPRAON PEQUODORUM(HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)
Authors: Chow F. J. , Mackauer M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSuperparasitism and multiple parasitism of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris), by the solitary hymenopterous parasitesAphidius smithiSharma & Subba Rao andPraon pequodorumViereck were studied in the laboratory. In intraspecific competition, an older larva usually eliminated a younger one; exceptions to this rule depended on the relative age difference and developmental stage of the competitors. In interspecific competition,P. pequodorumwas intrinsically superior toA. smithi, regardless of the latter's age. The stage of host parasitized and the number of competing larvae had no significant effect on the outcome of the contest.A. smithifemales discriminated against aphids previously parasitized by a conspecific female or byP. pequodorum, the degree of oviposition restraint increasing with the time between ovipositions.P. pequodorumfemales attacked aphids already parasitized byA. smithi, regardless of the age of theAphidiuslarva, but avoided oviposition when the aphid contained aPraonlarva or embryo. The rate of embryonic development is shown as a major factor in contest-type competition between first-stage larvae.
NEW APPROACH FOR SELECTING BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS
Authors: Hokkanen Heikki , Pimentel David 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe success of introducing natural enemies for biological control was found to be about 75% higher employing new parasite–host (predator–prey) associations than those based on long-evolved associations between parasites and hosts. The lack of evolved interspecific balance in new species associations appears to explain the higher success rate. New exploiter–victim associations expand opportunities for the biological control of both introduced and native pests and should be used as the preferred method in selecting biological control agents.
THE USE OF DEGREE-DAYS TO PREDICT EMERGENCE OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Laing J. E. , Heraty J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult flies of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), were monitored for 6 years at Guelph, Ontario using aerial and ground-emergence traps. Two degree-day (°D) models to predict adult emergence were tested. Fifty percent of the adults were captured in an average of 809 ± 50 (SD) °D8.7 and first capture was at 638 ± 60°D6.4. Degree-day models which have been proposed previously and those developed in this study were only slightly more accurate than average calendar date for predicting adult emergence. Differences in °D requirements for emergence in each year were correlated with the length of cold period and the correlation suggested that the length of cold period preceding morphogenesis affects either the number of °D required to complete postdiapause development or the threshold temperature for development.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITY OF CYPERMETHRIN TO NYMPHS OF THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Ewen A. B. , Mukerji M. K. , Hinks C. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCypermethrin was tested at nine dosages from 2 to 72 g AI/ha and at five temperatures from 15 °to 35 °C against second-instar nymphs of a non-diapause strain of the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fab.). At lower dosages, mortality increased with increasing temperatures from 15 °to 30 °C and then leveled off. At dosages of 12 g AI/ha or higher, mortality increased slightly with increasing temperature from 15 °to 20 °C, then declined at higher temperatures. Cypermethrin was about 2.2 times less toxic (LD50) at 35 °C than at 15 °or 20 °C and 70% of this reduction in toxicity occurred above 25 °C. Thus, the toxicity of cypermethrin was negatively correlated with temperature above 20 °C for nymphs of the migratory grasshopper.
REVIEW OF SPECIES OF TRISETACUS (ACARI: ERIOPHYOIDEA) FROM NORTH AMERICA, WITH COMMENTS ON ALL NOMINATE TAXA IN THE GENUS
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMites of the genus Trisetacus from North America are revised, and a key is presented for the 22 species recognized. A diagnosis and a review of host and distributional data are presented for each of these species. A comprehensive review of all nominate species and subspecies is included to facilitate appropriate usage of available names.
A REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE OMALIINE GENERAPORRHODITESKRAATZ ANDOROCHARESKRAATZ (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genusPorrhoditesKraatz is redescribed to include the NearcticParadeliphrum inflatumHatch, as well as the HolarcticPorrhodites fenestralis(Zetterstedt).OrocharesKraatz is also redescribed to includeParadeliphrum(new synonymy). In addition toO. angustatusErichson from Europe,O. japonicusCameron from Japan andO. villiersiJarrige from Iran,Orocharesnow includes two Nearctic species,Paradeliphrum tumidumHatch from the Pacific Northwest and the new speciesO. suterifrom Illinois and Wisconsin. Keys are provided to distinguish the North American species of each genus, and the major diagnostic characters of all included taxa are illustrated.
EVALUATION OF NON-INSECTICIDAL METHODS TO REDUCE DAMAGE TO CHRYSANTHEMUMS BY THE LEAFMINER LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Herbert H. J. , Smith R. F. , McRae K. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree biological control methods were evaluated for the reduction of damage to chrysanthemums by the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Yellow sticky boards trapped adults and reduced the damage by 50%, Afugan 30 EC effectively controlled the damage to chrysanthemums, and interplanting with field beans as a trap crop showed potential for reducing damage. A specific integrated pest management program can not be recommended as yet; more information is needed.
NATIVE HOST PLANTS OF THE LARVAE OF THE RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Gerber G. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe suitability of four indigenous species (Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt., D. richardsonii (Sweet) O.E. Schulz, Lepidium densiflorum Schrad., and Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser) and one introduced species (Erysimum cheiranthoides L.) of Cruciferae as host plants for the larvae of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, was tested in the laboratory using excised true leaves as food and Brassica napus L. and D. sophia (L.) Webb as control treatments. R. palustris was a suitable food plant. D. pinnata, D. richardsonii, E. cheiranthoides, and L. densiflorum were marginally suitable. Of the four indigenous species, R. palustris probably is the only one that normally is a host plant of the larvae in nature.
TWO NEW GENERA OF RHYPAROCHROMINAE (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE) FROM NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Scudder G. G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new genus of Gonianotini, Spinigernotus, is described with Sphragisticus simulatus Barber 1918 as type-species. S. simulatus, known only from New Mexico, is reported from Mexico. The new genus Cordillonotus, and type-species C. stellatus, are described from British Columbia, California, Oregon, and Washington. Cordillonotus is tentatively placed in the tribe Rhyparochromini.
DESCRIPTION OF LAST-INSTAR LARVAE OF 22 SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN SPILOMELINI (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE: PYRAUSTINAE) WITH A KEY TO SPECIES
Authors: Allyson Suzanne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe last-instar larvae of 22 species of Spilomelini are described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters are given, and a key included, for North American species.
A METHOD OF DESCRIBING AND USING VARIABILITY IN DEVELOPMENT RATES FOR THE SIMULATION OF INSECT PHENOLOGY
Authors: Régnière Jacques 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn analytical method for the description of intrinsic variability in insect development rates for incorporation in phenology models is presented. Two sets of experimental data are used as examples. The method is easy to apply, can describe data accurately, produces highly realistic simulations of insect development, and is amenable to the simulation of age-dependent mortality, feeding, and reproduction. The method was developed for univoltine insects with discrete generations, but it can also be applied to multivoltine species with overlapping generations. A modification of the method to handle small samples is also discussed and applied to data.
THE FUNGUS BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (DEUTEROMYCOTINA: HYPHOMYCETACEAE) IN THE WESTERN BALSAM BARK BEETLE, DRYOCOETES CONFUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Whitney H. S. , Ritchie D. C. , Borden J. H. , Stock A. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe natural occurrence of beauveriosis in Dryocoetes confusus (Swaine) in Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. in British Columbia is reported, and the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. isolated from D. confusus was confirmed experimentally. Also, direct observations of newly established pairs of D. confusus in glass – phloem sandwich cultures showed that cadavers of B. bassiana-killed females were walled-off with frass by healthy males.
CERATOZETES(ACARI: CERATOZETIDAE) OF CANADA AND ALASKA
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpecies ofCeratozetesBerlese (Ceratozetidae) of Canada and Alaska are revised. Four new species,Ceratozetes watertonensis,C. borealis,C. oresbiosandC. pacificusare proposed,C. gracilis cuspidatusJacot is elevated to specific status and redescribed, andC. gracilis(Michael),C. peritusGrandjean,C. kananaskisMitchell,C. virginicus(Banks),C. mediocrisBerlese, andC. thienemanniWillmann are redescribed. Immatures ofC. borealisandC. pacificusare described and those ofC. peritus,C. kananaskis,C. mediocris,C. gracilis,C. virginicusandC. thienemanniare redescribed.Ceratozetes jeweliRockett and Woodring is synonymized withC. virginicus. A key to species from Canada and Alaska is given.
WITHIN-TREE DISTRIBUTIONS AND SEASONALITY OF IMMATURE STAGES OF THE BRONZE BIRCH BORER, AGRILUS ANXIUS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE)
Authors: Loerch Cynthia R. , Cameron E. Alan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDistributions of immature stages of the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), infesting young European white birch, Betula pendula Roth, were studied on a surface mine reforestation site in Pennsylvania. Eggs of A. anxius were common on boles of trees from mid-June through mid-August, in clusters of up to 14 eggs. Almost 70% of the eggs were in crevices in the dark triangular patch at branch origins. Larvae were present throughout the year. Fourth instars comprised 93.1% of the overwintering population.Vertical distributions of eggs, larvae, and pupae along the bole were random relative to available surface area. Consequently, each stage was more abundant on the lower half than on the upper half of trees. Eggs and first instars were concentrated on the northeast, or shaded, side of trees. Second and third instars were distributed randomly around the bole. Fourth instars overwintered and pupated primarily on the southwest aspect.
PEST MANAGEMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): PREVENTION OF AN OUTBREAK THROUGH EARLY TREATMENT WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS BY GROUND AND AERIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Shepherd R. F. , Otvos I. S. , Chorney R. J. , Cunningham J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo different application methods were tested using a nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a control agent at an early stage in the outbreak cycle of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), in south central British Columbia in 1981. The virus, which often leads to the development of an epizootic late in the outbreak cycle, was propagated in whitemarked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. Smith). A helicopter fitted with a boom and nozzle was used for treating four plots (total area 19.8 ha) at a dosage of 2.2 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) in an emitted volume of 11.3 L ha−1. Five to eight weeks after spraying, microscopic examination of live larvae showed that 77 to 100% were infected. In ground-spray applications of two other plots, a modified orchard-type sprayer was used to apply 2.4 × 1010 PIB in a volume of 4.5 L per tree. Microscopic diagnosis of live larvae at 8 weeks post-spray revealed 83 and 85% infection.In autumn 1981, no egg masses could be found in the plots treated earlier that year and no larvae were found on the sample trees in 1982 or 1983. The treatment was effective over a range of initial mean larval densities of 41 to 206 m−2 of foliage. At the same time, populations in nearby untreated areas increased in 1982. Little foliage protection was obtained the year of application due to the lengthy virus incubation period, but the trees recovered quickly when populations disappeared due to the virus epizootic.
A REVIEW OF THE GENUS DODIA DYAR (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM EASTERN SIBERIA AND NORTHERN CANADA
Authors: Tshistjakov Yuri A. , Lafontaine J. Donald 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe two known species in the genus Dodia Dyar are reviewed, and one new species, Dodia kononenkoi, is described from Magadanskaya Oblast, USSR, and Yukon Territory, Canada. The generic name Hyalocoa Hampson is synonymized with Dodia and two new combinations are proposed. Dodia kozhantshikovi (Sheljuzhko) and D. atra (Bang-Haas) are synonymized with D. albertae Dyar. Descriptions and range maps are included, and adults and genitalia of the three species are illustrated.
THE GENUS OMOPHRON LATREILLE (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE): REDESCRIPTION OF THE LARVAL STAGE AND PHYLOGENETIC CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Landry Jean-François , Bousquet Yves 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA revised generic description of the three larval instars of Omophron is presented. Hypothetical apotypic character states of the genus are: bidentate retinaculum; lacinia subequal in length to galea and apically subspatulate; ligula as long as labial palp; pore LAa located on ligula and seta LA6 on basal third of ligula; setae TI2* and TI7* of middle and hind tibiae located basally; setae UN1 and UN2 flat and about 1.5 times the length of claws; presence of serially paired gland-like structures on abdominal pleura I–VII; hypopleurites not apparent in first instar; apex of urogomphi extended as a small hyaline appendix in first instar; setae PY1, PY2, and PY6 on the pygidium absent. Most of these character states are autapotypic, and no synapotypies were found to indicate a sister group to Omophron.
THE SUBGENUSSTEROPUSDEJEAN (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE:PTEROSTICHUS): ADULT AND LARVAL CHARACTER STATES, WITH NOTES ON TAXONOMIC LIMITS AND RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Bousquet Yves 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe subgenusSteropusDejean of the genusPterostichusBonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is redefined. The subgenus includes 24 species occurring in the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. Eight species previously included inSteropus,P. catalonicusK. Daniel,P. ferreri(Español andMateu),P. galaecianusLauffer,P. ghilianii(Putzeys),P. globosus(Fabricius),P. insidiatrix(Piochard de la Brûlerie),P. madidus(Fabricius), andP. riffensis(Antoine), are transferred to the subgenusCoraxPutzeys (formerly considered as a junior synonym ofSteropus) which is recognized as a valid taxon.RefoniaCasey, with two North American species,EosteropusTschitschérine (type-species:Platysma creperumTschitschérine, present designation), with four Asiatic species, andSteropinusLutshnik, with one Asiatic species, are placed in synonymy withSteropus. Adult and larval character states of the subgenusSteropusare described. Larvae ofSteropusare synapomorphic with those ofP. (Corax)madidusandP. (Feronidius)melasCreutzer in having the mandible strongly curved with wide retinaculum in the first instar and a membranous area on antennomere I.