bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth responses to thinning and pruning in Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus nitens, and Eucalyptus grandis plantations in southeastern Australia
Authors: Forrester David I. , Baker Thomas G. 
Published: December 2011

Growth responses to pruning or thinning are well documented but their interactions are not, even though they are sometimes performed simultaneously. Growth responses to thinning and pruning were examined in nine plantation silvicultural experiments at five sites in southeastern mainland Australia. The species studied were Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden, and Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. Thinning from about 1100–1300 trees·ha–1 to about 300 or 500 trees·ha–1 at either age 3–4 years or 7–10 years increased the volume of sawlog crop trees in all species. Multiple lift pruning to 6.5 m height on the sawlog crop trees that retained at least 70% of the live crown length at any lift significantly reduced tree growth at only one of the six site–species combinations where both thinning and pruning were studied. And here, thinning interacted with pruning such that the pruning effects were not significant in unthinned stands because only shaded and inefficient foliage was removed. This study shows that thinning and pruning can interact to influence sawlog crop tree growth and this interaction is influenced by site.
Stress-induced hyperglycaemia and venous thromboembolism following total hip or total knee arthroplasty
Authors: DeVries J. , Kamphuisen Pieter-Willem , Kuhls Silvia , Homering Martin , Hoekstra Joost , Lensing Anthonie , Büller Harry , Cohn Danny , Hermanides Jeroen 
Published: December 2011

SummaryStress-induced hyperglycaemia is common during orthopaedic surgery. In addition, hyperglycaemia activates coagulation. The aim of the study was to assess whether stress-induced hyperglycaemia is associated with symptomatic or asymptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) following orthopaedic surgery. We performed post-hoc analyses in the four RECORD studies (REgulation of Coagulation in major Orthopaedic surgery reducing the Risk of Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism). Separate analyses were performed for patients undergoing elective total hip or knee replacement. Outcome measures were symptomatic VTE and “total VTE” (defined as the composite of symptomatic VTE, asymptomatic DVT assessed by per protocol venography and all cause mortality). Glucose levels were measured pre-op and 6 hours post-op, categorised into quartiles, based on the distribution in the respective cohorts. The influence of glucose, adjusted for body mass index, age, gender and diabetes mellitus on VTE was assessed by logistic regression analyses. A total of 12,383 patients were eligible for assessment of symptomatic VTE, and 8,512 patients were eligible for assessment of total VTE. Increased glucose levels after total hip replacement were associated with total VTE; adjusted odds ratio (OR) highest versus lowest quartile 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 3.0). Furthermore, increase in glucose levels during total hip replacement was associated with total VTE (OR highest versus lowest quartile 1.8 (95%CI 1.2 to 2.8). This was not observed in patients undergoing total knee replacement, probably due to differences in the applied surgical procedures.
IAMS' LEAP INTO ASIA:
Authors: Verstraelen F.J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAfter having met in Europe (Driebergen, Netherlands 1972; Frankfurt, Federal German Republic 1974), Latin America (San Jose, Costa Rica 1976) and NorthAmerica (Maryknoll, USA 1978), the International
Association for
Mission
Studies (IAMS) was ready to leap into Asia. We will here provide only a few aspects of IAMS' first meeting in that continent. The full official report of the meeting in Bangalore will be published this year in a special issue of Missiology, while also Indian Missiological Review will give an extensive covering.
Individual Differences in the Benefits of Feedback for Learning
Authors: Kelley Christopher M. , McLaughlin Anne Collins 
Published: December 2011

Objective: Research on learning from feedback has produced ambiguous guidelines for feedback design—some have advocated minimal feedback, whereas others have recommended more extensive feedback that highly supported performance. The objective of the current study was to investigate how individual differences in cognitive resources may predict feedback requirements and resolve previous conflicted findings. Method: Cognitive resources were controlled for by comparing samples from populations with known differences, older and younger adults. To control for task demands, a simple rule-based learning task was created in which participants learned to identify fake Windows pop-ups. Pop-ups were divided into two categories—those that required fluid ability to identify and those that could be identified using crystallized intelligence. Results: In general, results showed participants given higher feedback learned more. However, when analyzed by type of task demand, younger adults performed comparably with both levels of feedback for both cues whereas older adults benefited from increased feedback for fluid ability cues but from decreased feedback for crystallized ability cues. Conclusion: One explanation for the current findings is feedback requirements are connected to the cognitive abilities of the learner—those with higher abilities for the type of demands imposed by the task are likely to benefit from reduced feedback. Application: We suggest the following considerations for feedback design: Incorporate learner characteristics and task demands when designing learning support via feedback.
An empirical study of normative dissociation in musical and non-musical everyday life experiences
Authors: Herbert Ruth 
Published: December 2011

Dissociative experiences involving music have received little research attention outside the field of ethnomusicology. This paper examines the psychological characteristics of normative dissociation (detachment) across musical and non-musical experiences in ‘real world’, everyday settings. It draws upon a subset of data arising from an empirical project designed to compare transformative shifts of consciousness, with and without music in daily life, and the ways in which use of music may facilitate the processes of dissociation and absorption. Twenty participants kept unstructured diaries for two weeks, recording free descriptions of involving experiences of any kind as soon as possible after their occurrence. All descriptions were subsequently subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results suggest that dissociative experiences are a familiar occurrence in everyday life. Diary entries highlight an established practice of actively sought detachment from self, surroundings or activity, suggesting that, together with absorption, the processes of derealization (altered perception of surroundings) and depersonalization (detachment from self) constitute common means of self-regulation in daily life. Music emerges as a particularly versatile facilitator of dissociative experience because of its semantic ambiguity, portability, and the variety of ways in which it may mediate perception, so facilitating an altered relationship to self and environment.
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor locus polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jelčić Ilijas , Hsu Katharine C , Kakalacheva Kristina , Breiden Petra , Dupont Bo , Uhrberg Markus , Martin Roland , Münz Christian , Lünemann Jan D 
Published: December 2011

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze whether inhibitory and activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles defined by their KIR binding motifs are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility or severity. Method: We performed a population-based case–control study in 321 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and clinically definite MS (CDMS) and 156 healthy blood donors (HD). Inhibitory and activating KIRs and HLA class I alleles were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-specific primers. Allelic frequencies were correlated with prevalence, age of onset, disability and disease duration of CIS and CDMS. Results: The frequency of the inhibitory KIR2DL3 gene was significantly reduced in patients with CIS and CDMS ( p = 3.1 × 10−5). KIR2DL3-dependent risk reduction remained significant after elimination of patients carrying MS-associated DRB1*15, DRB1*03, DRB1*01 alleles. In addition, individuals carrying two copies for KIR2DL2/KIR2DS2 but lacking KIR2DL3 were overrepresented in the CIS/CDMS cohort. However, both genes did not affect disease risk in presence of KIR2DL3. We did not detect any association between the presence or absence of KIR genes with clinical disease parameters. Conclusion: Absence of the inhibitory KIR2DL3 gene is associated with the development of CIS/CDMS. These findings, if confirmed in larger cohorts, suggest that KIR-mediated recognition of HLA class I molecules should be further explored as potential disease mechanism in MS.
The frequency of CSF oligoclonal banding in multiple sclerosis increases with latitude
Authors: Lechner-Scott J , Spencer B , de Malmanche T , Attia J , Fitzgerald M , Trojano M , Grand’Maison F , Gomez J Antonio C , Izquierdo G , Duquette P , Girard M , Grammond P , Oreja-Guevara C , Hupperts R , Bergamaschi R , Boz C , Giuliani G , van Pesch V , Iuliano G , Fiol M , Cristiano E , Verheul F , Saladino M Laura , Slee M , Barnett M , Deri N , Flechter S , Vella N , Shaw C , Herbert J , Moore F , Petkovska-Boskova T , Jokubaitis V , Butzkueven H 
Published: December 2011

Background: With the advent of MRI scanning, the value of lumbar puncture to assess oligoclonal band (OCB) statusfor the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly uncertain. One major issue is that the reported frequency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted oligoclonal banding for the diagnosis of MS varies considerably in different studies. In addition, the relationship between OCB positivity and disease outcome remains uncertain, as reported studies are generally too small to assess comparative disability outcomes with sufficient power. Methods: In order to further investigate variation of OCB positivity in patients with MS, we utilized MSBase, a longitudinal, Web-based collaborative MS outcomes registry following clinical cohorts in several continents and latitudes. We also assessed whether OCB positivity affects long-term disability outcome. Results: A total of 13,242 patient records were obtained from 37 MS specialist centres in 19 different countries. OCB status was documented in 4481 (34%) patients and 80% of these were OCB positive. The presence of OCB was associated with degree of latitude ( p = 0.02). Furthermore, the outcome of patients negative for CSF-specific OCB was significantly better in comparison to the OCB positive patients, as assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale change ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that latitude could explain some of the inconsistencies in OCB status reported in different populations. The study confirms that OCB positivity in MS is associated with a worse long-term prognosis.
Fatal immune dysregulation due to a gain of glycosylation mutation in lymphocyte perforin
Authors: Chia Jenny , Thia Kevin , Brennan Amelia J. , Little Margaret , Williams Bronwyn , Lopez Jamie A. , Trapani Joseph A. , Voskoboinik Ilia 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Mutations in the perforin gene (PRF1) are a common cause of the fatal immune dysregulation disorder, familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (type 2 FHL, FHL2). Here we report a female infant born with biallelic PRF1 mutations: a novel substitution, D49N, and a previously identified in-frame deletion, K285del. We assessed the effects of each mutation on the cytotoxicity of human NK cells in which the expression of endogenous perforin was ablated with miR30-based short hairpin (sh) RNAs. Both mutations were detrimental for function, thereby explaining the clinically severe presentation and rapidly fatal outcome. We demonstrate that D49N exerts its deleterious effect by generating an additional (third) N-linked glycosylation site, resulting in protein misfolding and degradation in the killer cell. Our data provide a rationale for treating some cases of type 2 familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, based on the pharmacologic inhibition or modification of glycosylation.
TP53 alterations in acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype correlate with specific copy number alterations, monosomal karyotype, and dismal outcome
Authors: Rücker Frank G. , Schlenk Richard F. , Bullinger Lars , Kayser Sabine , Teleanu Veronica , Kett Helena , Habdank Marianne , Kugler Carla-Maria , Holzmann Karlheinz , Gaidzik Verena I. , Paschka Peter , Held Gerhard , von Lilienfeld-Toal Marie , Lübbert Michael , Fröhling Stefan , Zenz Thorsten , Krauter Jürgen , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Ganser Arnold , Lichter Peter , Döhner Konstanze , Döhner Hartmut 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
To assess the frequency of TP53 alterations and their correlation with other genetic changes and outcome in acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype (CK-AML), we performed integrative analysis using TP53 mutational screening and array-based genomic profiling in 234 CK-AMLs. TP53 mutations were found in 141 of 234 (60%) and TP53 losses were identified in 94 of 234 (40%) CK-AMLs; in total, 164 of 234 (70%) cases had TP53 alterations. TP53-altered CK-AML were characterized by a higher degree of genomic complexity (aberrations per case, 14.30 vs 6.16; P < .0001) and by a higher frequency of specific copy number alterations, such as −5/5q−, −7/7q−, −16/16q−, −18/18q−, +1/+1p, and +11/+11q/amp11q13∼25; among CK-AMLs, TP53-altered more frequently exhibited a monosomal karyotype (MK). Patients with TP53 alterations were older and had significantly lower complete remission rates, inferior event-free, relapse-free, and overall survival. In multivariable analysis for overall survival, TP53 alterations, white blood cell counts, and age were the only significant factors. In conclusion, TP53 is the most frequently known altered gene in CK-AML. TP53 alterations are associated with older age, genomic complexity, specific DNA copy number alterations, MK, and dismal outcome. In multivariable analysis, TP53 alteration is the most important prognostic factor in CK-AML, outweighing all other variables, including the MK category.
Therapeutic applications of macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and antagonists of CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling
Authors: Hume David A. , MacDonald Kelli P. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMacrophage-colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) signaling through its receptor (CSF-1R) promotes the differentiation of myeloid progenitors into heterogeneous populations of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. In the periphery, CSF-1 regulates the migration, proliferation, function, and survival of macrophages, which function at multiple levels within the innate and adaptive immune systems. Macrophage populations elicited by CSF-1 are associated with, and exacerbate, a broad spectrum of pathologies, including cancer, inflammation, and bone disease. Conversely, macrophages can also contribute to immunosuppression, disease resolution, and tissue repair. Recombinant CSF-1, antibodies against the ligand and the receptor, and specific inhibitors of CSF-1R kinase activity have been each been tested in a range of animal models and in some cases, in patients. This review examines the potential clinical uses of modulators of the CSF-1/CSF-1R system. We conclude that CSF-1 promotes a resident-type macrophage phenotype. As a treatment, CSF-1 has therapeutic potential in tissue repair. Conversely, inhibition of CSF-1R is unlikely to be effective in inflammatory disease but may have utility in cancer.
Topical application of marine briarane-type diterpenes effectively inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and dermatitis in murine skin
Authors: Wei Wen-Chi , Lin Sheng-Yen , Chen Yi-Jyun , Wen Chih-Chun , Huang Chiung-Yao , Palanisamy Arulselvan , Yang Ning-Sun , Sheu Jyh-Horng 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Skin is the largest organ in the body, and is directly exposed to extrinsic assaults. As such, the skin plays a central role in host defense and the cutaneous immune system is able to elicit specific local inflammatory and systemic immune responses against harmful stimuli. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) can stimulate acute and chronic inflammation and tumor promotion in skin. TPA-induced dermatitis is thus a useful in vivo pharmacological platform for drug discovery. In this study, the inhibitory effect of briarane-type diterpenes (BrDs) from marine coral Briareum excavatum on TPA-induced dermatitis and dendritic cell (DC) function was explored.

Methods
Evans blue dye exudation was used to determine vascular permeability. H&E-stained skin section was used to determine the formation of edema in mouse abdominal skin. We also used immunohistochemistry staining and western blot assays to evaluate the activation of specific inflammation makers and key mediators of signaling pathway in the mouse skin. Furthermore, mouse bone marrow DCs were used to determine the relationship between the chemical structure of BrDs and their regulation of DC function.

Results
BrD1 remarkably suppressed TPA-induced vascular permeability and edema in skin. At the biochemical level, BrD1 inhibited TPA-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinase-9, the key indicators of cutaneous inflammation. This inhibition was apparently mediated by interference with the Akt/NF-κB-mediated signaling network. BrD1 also inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 expression in LPS-stimulated BMDCs. The 8, 17-epoxide of BrDs played a crucial role in the inhibition of IL-6 expression, and replacement of the C-12 hydroxyl group with longer esters in BrDs gradually decreased this inhibitory activity.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that BrDs warrant further investigation as natural immunomodulatory agents for control of inflammatory skin diseases.
Generation of a reference transcriptome for evaluating rainbow trout responses to various stressors
Authors: Sánchez Cecilia C , Weber Gregory M , Gao Guangtu , Cleveland Beth M , Yao Jianbo , Rexroad Caird E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundFish under intensive culture conditions are exposed to a variety of acute and chronic stressors, including high rearing densities, sub-optimal water quality, and severe thermal fluctuations. Such stressors are inherent in aquaculture production and can induce physiological responses with adverse effects on traits important to producers and consumers, including those associated with growth, nutrition, reproduction, immune response, and fillet quality. Understanding and monitoring the biological mechanisms underlying stress responses will facilitate alleviating their negative effects through selective breeding and changes in management practices, resulting in improved animal welfare and production efficiency.ResultsPhysiological responses to five treatments associated with stress were characterized by measuring plasma lysozyme activity, glucose, lactate, chloride, and cortisol concentrations, in addition to stress-associated transcripts by quantitative PCR. Results indicate that the fish had significant stressor-specific changes in their physiological conditions. Sequencing of a pooled normalized transcriptome library created from gill, brain, liver, spleen, kidney and muscle RNA of control and stressed fish produced 3,160,306 expressed sequence tags which were assembled and annotated. SNP discovery resulted in identification of ~58,000 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms including 24,479 which were predicted to fall within exons. Of these, 4907 were predicted to occupy the first position of a codon and 4110 the second, increasing the probability to impact amino acid sequence variation and potentially gene function.ConclusionWe have generated and characterized a reference transcriptome for rainbow trout that represents multiple tissues responding to multiple stressors common to aquaculture production environments. This resource compliments existing public transcriptome data and will facilitate approaches aiming to evaluate gene expression associated with stress in this species.
Shared component modelling as an alternative to assess geographical variations in medical practice: gender inequalities in hospital admissions for chronic diseases
Authors: Ibáñez-Beroiz Berta , Librero-López Julián , Peiró-Moreno Salvador , Bernal-Delgado Enrique 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundSmall area analysis is the most prevalent methodological approach in the study of unwarranted and systematic variation in medical practice at geographical level. Several of its limitations drive researchers to use disease mapping methods -deemed as a valuable alternative. This work aims at exploring these techniques using - as a case of study- the gender differences in rates of hospitalization in elderly patients with chronic diseases.MethodsDesign and study setting: An empirical study of 538,358 hospitalizations affecting individuals aged over 75, who were admitted due to a chronic condition in 2006, were used to compare Small Area Analysis (SAVA), the Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) modelling and the Shared Component Modelling (SCM). Main endpoint: Gender spatial variation was measured, as follows: SAVA estimated gender-specific utilization ratio; BYM estimated the fraction of variance attributable to spatial correlation in each gender; and, SCM estimated the fraction of variance shared by the two genders, and those specific for each one.ResultsHospitalization rates due to chronic diseases in the elderly were higher in men (median per area 21.4 per 100 inhabitants, interquartile range: 17.6 to 25.0) than in women (median per area 13.7 per 100, interquartile range: 10.8 to 16.6). Whereas Utilization Ratios showed a similar geographical pattern of variation in both genders, BYM found a high fraction of variation attributable to spatial correlation in both men (71%, CI95%: 50 to 94) and women (62%, CI95%: 45 to 77). In turn, SCM showed that the geographical admission pattern was mainly shared, with just 6% (CI95%: 4 to 8) of variation specific to the women component.ConclusionsWhereas SAVA and BYM focused on the magnitude of variation and on allocating where variability cannot be due to chance, SCM signalled discrepant areas where latent factors would differently affect men and women.