bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of different soil amendments to reduce the Pb and Zn extractability and plant uptake in soils contaminated by anticorrosion paints beneath pylons
Authors: Brokbartold Marcel , Grupe Marianne , Marschner Bernd 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRed lead (Pb3O4)‐ and ZnO‐containing anticorrosion paints in the past have been extensively applied to high‐voltage steel pylons which has led to heavy metal (HM) soil contaminations in their vicinity. Since pylons are commonly found on agricultural land, there is a potential risk of HM plant uptake. This is promoted by the fact that in contrast to the moderate total Pb contents (several 100 mg kg–1) in three nutrient‐poor and acidic pylon soils the Pb amounts extractable with NH4NO3 were extremely high, reaching almost 20% of total Pb. A 18‐week field pot trial (three harvests in a six‐week interval) using Lolium multiflorum was conducted to study the HM plant uptake and the efficiency of the four soil additives, lime (LI), Novaphos (NP), water‐treatment sludge (WS), and ilmenite residue (IR) in reducing the plant uptake and NH4NO3‐extractability of Pb and Zn in the soils. Lead concentrations in L. multiflorum shoots grown in the untreated soils reached maximum values of 128 mg (kg dry weight)–1. Novaphos was most efficient in decreasing shoot Pb (–90%) followed by LI (–78%) and WS (–73%). For Zn, too, LI (–82%), NP, and WS (both –66%) substantially reduced plant uptake. Ilmenite residue was generally only poorly efficient. The dry‐matter yield in the NP, LI, and WS treatments was significantly increased. While the relationship between Pb‐NH4NO3 and Pb‐plant was high when considering the three harvests separately (R > 0.93) a poor relationship (R = 0.63) exists over all harvests together. This was attributed to different transpiration rates affecting the HM flux into the plants, since the temperature regime changed greatly during the cultivation period. For Zn, no such close relationship between the NH4NO3‐extractable soil fraction and shoot Zn was found, most likely due to antagonistic effects from Mg which greatly varied in the three soils.
Molecular staging individualizing cancer management
Authors: Mejia Alex , Schulz Stephanie , Hyslop Terry , Weinberg David S. , Waldman Scott A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlthough the most important prognostic and predictive marker in colorectal cancer is tumor cells in lymph nodes, ∼30% of patients who are node‐negative die from occult metastases. Molecular staging employing specific markers and sensitive detection technologies has emerged as a powerful platform to assess prognosis in node‐negative colon cancer. Integrating molecular staging into algorithms that individualize patient management will require validation and the definition of relationships between occult tumor cells, prognosis, and responses to chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:468–474. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The quest for diagnostic molecular markers for thyroid nodules with indeterminate or suspicious cytology
Authors: Kouniavsky Guennadi , Zeiger Martha A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThyroid nodules are very common and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a very sensitive means of diagnosis. However, its limitations include the fact that the cytology reports are often indeterminate or suspicious only. The quest for adjunctive measures to improve its specificity has been ongoing for decades, but significant results have remained elusive. The potential use of diagnostic molecular markers appears to be the most promising area of research at this time. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:438–443. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of a Mo back contact on Na diffusion in CIGS thin film solar cells
Authors: Yoon Ju‐Heon , Seong Tae‐Yeon , Jeong Jeung‐hyun 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of the microstructures of molybdenum (Mo) back contacts on sodium (Na) diffusion from sodalime glass into a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber as a function of the sputter deposition pressure during preparation of the Mo contact layer. The surface characteristics of the Mo layers more significantly affected the diffusion of Na ions into the CIGS compared with the Mo bulk. The Na ion diffusion depended strongly on the amount of oxygen adsorbed onto the Mo layer surfaces. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy results showed that Na accumulated in a layer (Na–O compound) on the Mo surface (the CIGS/Mo interface), and this layer served as a primary source of Na ions diffusing into the CIGS. A trilayered Mo back contact structure was prepared in an effort to decouple the functions of electrical conductance and Na diffusion. The ability of this surface to control the Na concentration in a CIGS absorber is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Room temperature detection of amine vapours using copper phthalocyanine based thin films
Authors: Saini R. , Mahajan A. , Bedi R. K. , Aswal D. K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we report the preparation and characterization of 50 nm thin film of non‐peripherally substituted copper(II)1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25‐octabutoxy‐29H,31H‐phthalocyanine (nCuPc(OBu)8) using spin coating technique for room temperature sensing of different primary amines namely methylamine, butylamine and octylamine, respectively. AFM studies of film reveal that film is porous, uniform and crack free. The rms roughness and average pore size of film is found to be 24 and 430 nm, respectively. The adsorption of analytes on film surface is consistent with Elovich equation. The response of the film towards different amines is related to the vapour temperature and chain length of amine molecules. The film shows better response for methylamine vapours at room temperature 25 °C.
Analysis of the depletion layers and conduction band barrier at the n‐ZnSe/n‐GaAs interface for different growth start procedures
Authors: Bass U. , Geurts J. , Frey A. , Mahapatra S. , Schumacher C. , Brunner K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report on the electronic properties of n‐doped (n ∼ 1018 cm‐3) ZnSe/GaAs(001) heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy with pre‐deposition of different amounts of Zn or Se in the fractional monolayer range at ZnSe epilayer growth start. Special attention is spent on the depletion layers on both sides of the interface and to the conduction band potential barrier. The depletion layers are studied by Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical capacitance‐voltage profiling, while the potential barrier height is derived from temperature‐dependent transport across the hetero‐interface. We observe a carrier‐depleted interface region with an overall thickness of about 50 to 65 nm. For a Zn‐rich growth start the thickness contribution on the GaAs‐side slightly prevails, but for Se‐pre‐deposition, the ZnSe‐side contribution clearly dominates, and for the highest Se pre‐deposition the total depletion width is slightly reduced. The potential barrier is 550 meV for the Zn‐rich hetero‐interface. With Se pre‐deposition it decreases down to about 70 meV, which implies an increase of the conductivity across the hetero‐interface by as much as five orders of magnitude. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preface: Phys. Status Solidi C 3–4/2012
Authors: Parbrook Peter J. , Martin Robert W. , Halsall Matthew P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe 9th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS‐9) was held in Glasgow, Scotland from 10th to 15th July 2011. The conference continues the successful series of biennial events started in Nagoya in 1995, and followed by meetings in Tokushima (1997), Montpellier (1999), Denver (2001), Nara (2003), Bremen (2005), Las Vegas (2007), and most recently Jeju, Korea in 2009.Despite the ongoing global economic climate, the conference was very well attended with a record 1050 participants enjoying a summer week in Glasgow, experiencing some Scottish culture, including a trip on the last seagoing paddle steamer in the world or to the whisky distilleries, in addition to the scientific programme. The growing attendance is testament to the continuing development of III‐nitrides as a material for a wealth of applications, including those needed for a ‘greener’ world, with applications in both more powerful and efficient lighting and electrical power transmission.Nearly 1000 abstracts were submitted to the conference, leading to 378 oral and 509 poster presentations. The field continues to grow and diversify, and as a result, for the first time, the conference series ran four parallel sessions. The meeting was divided into 12 different symposia, covering the entire spectrum of III‐nitride semiconductor research and application, extending to cover newer, or less developed concepts such as solar cells and sensor applications.The organisers are very grateful to the 49 members of the programme committee who worked hard to rank the submissions, as well as identify topical and stimulating invited speakers. We are particularly grateful to the subject chairs (P. Dawson, T. Martin and T. Wang) and regional chairs (D. Hommel, Y. Kawakami, and W. Walukiewicz) for their invaluable help and advice, and to K. P. O'Donnell for coordinating the stimulating rump sessions. Many thanks are due to the International Advisory Committee for their advice concerning the event arrangements, conference structure and invited speakers. We would also like to the sponsors and agencies for all their financial support, particularly the UK Nitrides Consortium and British Association of Crystal Growth, for their funding in the initial stages.We received 184 submissions for the conference proceedings to be published in physica status solidi, using their standard evaluation procedures. Of these 177 have been accepted for publication in this special volume, with 37 being accepted for the special sections: Phys. Status Solidi A and B. We are grate‐ ful to the editorial support provided by Stefan Hildebrandt, Julia Hübner and their team in bringing the proceedings together, as well as to our Guest co‐Editors (P. J. Klar, M. A. Migliorato, M. A. Moram, and T. C. Sadler).Finally we thank all those who attended and contributed to making ICNS‐9 such an enjoyable conference and we look forward to meeting you all again in Washington at ICNS‐10 in 2013 (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Razumikhin–Nussbaum‐lemma‐based adaptive neural control for uncertain stochastic pure‐feedback nonlinear systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Yu Zhaoxu , Li Shugang , Du Hongbin 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the problem of adaptive neural control for a class of uncertain stochastic pure‐feedback nonlinear systems with time‐varying delays. Major technical difficulties for this class of systems lie in: (1) the unknown control direction embedded in the unknown control gain function; and (2) the unknown system functions with unknown time‐varying delays. Based on a novel combination of the Razumikhin–Nussbaum lemma, the backstepping technique and the NN parameterization, an adaptive neural control scheme, which contains only one adaptive parameter is presented for this class of systems. All closed‐loop signals are shown to be 4‐Moment semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded in a compact set, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. Finally, two simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gap Junctional Coupling with Cardiomyocytes is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Cocultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Ramkisoensing Arti A. , Pijnappels DaniëL A. , Swildens Jim , Goumans Marie José , Fibbe Willem E. , Schalij Martin J. , de Vries Antoine A.F. , Atsma Douwe E. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Gap junctional coupling is important for functional integration of transplanted cells with host myocardium. However, the role of gap junctions in cardiomyogenic differentiation of transplanted cells has not been directly investigated. The objective of this work is to study the role of connexin43 (Cx43) in cardiomyogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Knockdown of Cx43 gene expression (Cx43↓) was established in naturally Cx43-rich fetal amniotic membrane (AM) hMSCs, while Cx43 was overexpressed (Cx43↑) in inherently Cx43-poor adult adipose tissue (AT) hMSCs. The hMSCs were exposed to cardiomyogenic stimuli by coincubation with neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (nrCMCs) for 10 days. Differentiation was assessed by immunostaining and whole-cell current clamping. To establish whether the effects of Cx43 knockdown could be rescued, Cx45 was overexpressed in Cx43↓ fetal AM hMSCs. Ten days after coincubation, not a single Cx43↓ fetal AM hMSC, control adult AT MSC, or Cx43↑ adult AT mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) expressed α-actinin, while control fetal AM hMSCs did (2.2% ± 0.4%, n = 5,000). Moreover, functional cardiomyogenic differentiation, based on action potential recordings, occurred only in control fetal AM hMSCs. Of interest, Cx45 overexpression in Cx43↓ fetal AM hMSCs restored their ability to undergo cardiomyogenesis (1.6% ± 0.4%, n = 2,500) in coculture with nrCMCs. Gap junctional coupling is required for differentiation of fetal AM hMSCs into functional CMCs after coincubation with nrCMCs. Heterocellular gap junctional coupling thus plays an important role in the transfer of cardiomyogenic signals from nrCMCs to fetal hMSCs but is not sufficient to induce cardiomyogenic differentiation in adult AT hMSCs.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
The Proto-Oncogene Myc Is Essential for Mammary Stem Cell Function
Authors: Moumen Mejdi , Chiche Aurélie , Deugnier Marie-Ange , Petit Valérie , Gandarillas Alberto , Glukhova Marina A. , Faraldo Marisa M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The mammary epithelium comprises two major cell lineages: basal and luminal. Basal cells (BCs) isolated from the mammary epithelium and transplanted into the mouse mammary fat pad cleared from the endogenous epithelium regenerate the mammary gland, strongly suggesting that the basal epithelial compartment harbors a long-lived cell population with multipotent stem cell potential. The luminal cell layer is devoid of the regenerative potential, but it contains cells with clonogenic capacity, the luminal progenitors. Mammary BCs and luminal progenitors express high levels of the transcription factor Myc. Here, we show that deletion of Myc from mammary basal epithelial cells led to impaired stem cell self-renewal as evaluated by limiting dilution and serial transplantation assays. Luminal progenitor population was significantly diminished in mutant epithelium suggesting control by the BC layer. Colony formation assay performed with isolated BCs showed that clonogenic capacity was abolished by Myc deletion. Moreover, transplanted BCs depleted of Myc failed to produce epithelial outgrowths. Stimulation with ovarian hormones estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) partially rescued the repopulation capacity of Myc-depleted BCs; however, the Myc-deficient mammary epithelium developed in response to E/P treatment lacked stem and progenitor cells. This study provides the first evidence that in the mammary gland, Myc has an essential nonredundant function in the maintenance of the self-renewing multipotent stem cell population responsible for the regenerative capacity of the mammary epithelium and is required downstream from ovarian hormones, for the control of mammary stem and progenitor cell functions.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Control of adult stem cells in vivo by a dynamic physiological environment: diet‐dependent systemic factors in Drosophila and beyond
Authors: Ables Elizabeth T. , Laws Kaitlin M. , Drummond‐Barbosa Daniela 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAdult stem cells are inextricably linked to whole‐body physiology and nutrient availability through complex systemic signaling networks. A full understanding of how stem cells sense and respond to dietary fluctuations will require identifying key systemic mediators, as well as elucidating how they are regulated and integrated with local and intrinsic factors across multiple tissues. Studies focused on the Drosophila germline have generated valuable insights into how stem cells are controlled by diet‐dependent pathways, and increasing evidence suggests that diverse adult stem cell populations respond to nutrients through similar mechanisms. Systemic signals, including nutrients themselves and diet‐regulated hormones such as Insulin/Insulin‐like growth factor or steroid hormones, can directly or indirectly affect stem cell behavior by modifying local cell‐cell communication or intrinsic factors. The physiological regulation of stem cells in response to nutritional status not only is a fascinating biological problem, but also has clinical implications, as research in this field holds the key to noninvasive approaches for manipulating stem cells in vivo. In addition, given the known associations between diet, stem cells, and cancer risk, this research may inspire novel anticancer therapies. WIREs Dev Biol 2012 doi: 10.1002/wdev.48For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Long‐term bone mineral density response to enzyme replacement therapy in a retrospective pediatric cohort of Gaucher patients
Authors: Ciana Giovanni , Deroma Laura , Franzil Anna Martina , Dardis Andrea , Bembi Bruno 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOsteopenia is described as a relevant sign of bone involvement in Gaucher disease (GD) both in pediatric and adult patients. Furthermore, abnormal bone metabolism is considered to play a role in growth and pubertal delay. To analyze the long‐term effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on bone mineral density (BMD), a retrospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of 18 GD pediatric patients (13 males, 5 females; median age 9.2 years). They received biweekly infusions of 20‐60 IU/kg of alglucerase/imiglucerase. Clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters were evaluated every 2 years. According to the International Society of Clinical Densitometry guidelines, a Z‐score ≤ ‐2.0 was considered pathological. Nine patients (group P0) began ERT during infancy and nine (group P1) during puberty. At baseline, in three patients (16.6 %; 1P0, 2P1) Z‐score was ≤ ‐2.0 (range ‐2.47 to ‐2.25). In patient P0 it normalized after 2 years, while in the 2P1 patients (splenectomized siblings) it persisted abnormal. The remaining 15 patients (83.4 %) always presented a normal value. In group P0, Z‐score improved in infancy but showed a significant decrease during puberty, on the contrary it constantly improved in group P1. Furthermore, at baseline group P0 showed a higher median Z‐score than group P1: 0.79 (0.38; 1.50) and ‐1.61 (‐2.25; ‐1.56) respectively. The use of correct BMD standards to interpret bone loss during pediatric age suggests a limited significance of bone loss in these patients. Moreover, the persistence of residual disease activity may affect normal bone growth during puberty in GD populations.
Why Are Some Evolutionary Trees in Natural History Museums Prone to Being Misinterpreted?
Authors: Torrens Erica , Barahona Ana 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Today, the picture of an evolutionary tree is a very well-known visual image. It is almost impossible to think of the ancestry and relationships of living beings without it. As natural history museums play a major role in the public understanding of evolution, they often present a wide variety of evolutionary trees. However, many studies have shown (Baum and Offner 2008; Baum et al. 2005; Catley and Novick 2008; Evans 2009; Gregory 2008; Matuk 2007; Meir et al. 2007b; Padian 2008) that even though evolutionary trees have the potential to engage visitors of natural history museums with the phenomena of evolution, many of them unwittingly might lead to misunderstandings about the process. As valuable research and educational institutions, one of the museum’s important missions should be the careful design of their exhibits on evolution considering, for example, common preconceptions visitors often bring, such as the notion that evolution is oriented from simple toward complex organisms (incarnating the idea of a single ladder of life amidst the extraordinary diversity of organisms) and that humans are at the pinnacle of the evolutionary story, as well as naïve interpretations of phylogenies. Our aim in this article is to show from history where many of these misunderstandings come from and to determine whether five important Western natural history museums inadvertently present “problematic” evolutionary trees (which might lead to non-scientific notions).
Modulation of turbulence in forced convection by temperature-dependent viscosity
Authors: Zonta Francesco , Marchioli Cristian , Soldati Alfredo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this work, we run a numerical experiment to study the behaviour of incompressible Newtonian fluids with anisotropic temperature-dependent viscosity in forced convection turbulence. We present a systematic analysis of variable-viscosity effects, isolated from gravity, with relevance for aerospace cooling/heating applications. We performed an extensive campaign based on pseudo-spectral direct numerical simulations of turbulent water channel flow in the Reynolds number parameter space. We considered constant temperature boundary conditions and different temperature gradients between the channel walls. Results indicate that average and turbulent fields undergo significant variations. Compared with isothermal flow with constant viscosity, we observe that turbulence is promoted in the cold side of the channel, characterized by viscosity locally higher than the mean: in the range of the examined Reynolds numbers and in absence of gravity, higher values of viscosity determine an increase of turbulent kinetic energy, whereas a decrease of turbulent kinetic energy is determined at the hot wall. Examining in detail the turbulent kinetic energy budget, we find that turbulence modifications are associated with changes in the rate at which energy is produced and dissipated near the walls: specifically, at the hot wall (respectively cold wall) production decreases (respectively increases) while dissipation increases (respectively decreases).
Experimental Stability Study on Herringbone-Microgrooved Journal Bearing in an Impeller-Spindle
Authors: Chang B.-H. , Chen P.-H. , Lee D.-S. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe reliability of the impeller-spindle with respect to the effects of abnormal vibrations and noises is relative to the whirl rotation in notebook (NB) computers, all-in-one (AIO) desktop systems, and tablet PCs. This study experimentally investigates the stability of a herringbone-microgrooved journal bearing in an impeller-spindle under static radial forces.The experimental device operated at 2700, 3600, 4200, and 4900rpm, with a static load ranging from 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6N. The experiment obtained the stiffness and damping coefficients, and the study involved analyzing the stability. Results show that the dimensionless threshold speed of rotation decreased as the Sommerfeld number increased. The proposed impeller-spindle is stable when the Sommerfeld number is less than 59, indicating that the impeller-spindle should not operate at an eccentricity ratio below 0.18.