bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 2023 study of ENT undergraduate training in the UK. Has this improved?
Authors: Lancaster Amelia , Salih Ahmed , Tolley Neil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesOtolaryngology (ENT) plays a crucial role in healthcare, yet undergraduate education in the United Kingdom has historically not reflected this. This study aimed to assess the delivery of ENT education, focusing on teaching methods, clinical placements, and assessment practices.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to medical students. Data were collected via Qualtrics from 5 August 2023 to 17 October 2023.ResultsForty medical schools were involved. Thirty-seven schools had compulsory ENT teaching however 20 per cent lack an ENT placement. Clinical placements varied, with an average length of 7.3 days. Assessment of ENT knowledge included Objective, Structures, Clinical Examination stations (90 per cent) and written exams (80 per cent).ConclusionThe study highlights persistent gaps in ENT education. Deficiencies in clinical exposure and lack of alignment with national guidelines indicate the need for improvement. As the Medical Licensing Assessment approaches, standardising assessments may address disparities but should be accompanied by comprehensive changes in teaching methods and placements.
Bielefelder Fragebogen zur Lebenszufriedenheit (BIFL)
Authors: Zotschew Tilo , Kley Hanna , Möllmann Anne , Schlechter Fabienne , Heinrichs Nina 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Lebenszufriedenheit ist eine wichtige Zielgröße in der Psychotherapie. Der Bielefelder Fragebogen zur Lebenszufriedenheit (BIFL) wurde für den Open-Access-Einsatz in Psychotherapie und Forschung entwickelt. Fragestellungen: (1) Wie ist die psychometrische Qualität des BIFL? (2) Ist die Lebenszufriedenheit bei Menschen mit (vs. ohne) psychischer Störung geringer? (3) Wie unterscheidet sich die Lebenszufriedenheit vor vs. nach einer Psychotherapie? (4) Wie stabil war die Lebenszufriedenheit während der COVID-19-Pandemie? Methode: Itemanalysen und gemischte Modelle anhand dreier großer Stichproben. Ergebnisse: Die psychometrische Qualität ist gut bis sehr gut. Die Lebenszufriedenheit in der klinischen (vs. nichtklinischen) Stichprobe ist reduziert; nach Psychotherapie ist der Unterschied zwischen beiden noch immer signifikant, aber geringer als vor der Psychotherapie. In der COVID-19-Pandemie 2020 nahm die Lebenszufriedenheit mit Restriktionslockerungen leicht zu, insbesondere im Bereich der Work-Life-Balance. Schlussfolgerungen: Der BIFL ist ein veränderungssensitives Selbsteinschätzungsverfahren. Als Ergänzung anderer Prozess- und Outcome-Maße sollte Lebenszufriedenheit in Planung und Durchführung von Psychotherapien vermehrt berücksichtigt werden.
An Ellipsoidal Plate Motion Model of the Indo‐Australian Tectonic Plate
Authors: McCubbine J. C. , Riddell A. R. , Brown N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present a class of “ellipsoidal rotation matrices” which can be used to characterize tectonic plate motion; where geocentric Cartesian coordinates travel along paths tangential to the ellipsoid. We contrast them with conventional Euler pole plate motion models which are more closely aligned with spherical coordinate systems and inherently induce a change in geodetic ellipsoidal height. We demonstrate the use of each in the Indo‐Australian tectonic plate setting, which is known to move approximately 7 cm/year in a north‐northeast direction. Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020 (GDA2020) coordinates are “plate‐fixed” static coordinates obtained using a conventional Euler pole plate motion model to align time dependent coordinates with the 2014 realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame at the epoch 2020.0. We show that this Euler pole plate motion model can introduce ellipsoidal height velocities of up to −0.2 mm/year. This is small but systematic, so pertinent for consideration with high accuracy vertical land motion studies using GDA2020 coordinates and velocities. We further investigate the comparative statistical accuracy of conventional Euler pole and the ellipsoidal models with respect to characterizing plate motion captured in high quality Global Navigation Satellite System data.
Molecular profiling of a bladder cancer with very high tumour mutational burden
Authors: Scimeca Manuel , Bischof Julia , Bonfiglio Rita , Nale Elisabetta , Iacovelli Valerio , Carilli Marco , Vittori Matteo , Agostini Massimiliano , Rovella Valentina , Servadei Francesca , Giacobbi Erica , Candi Eleonora , Shi Yufang , Melino Gerry , Mauriello Alessandro , Bove Pierluigi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increasing incidence of urothelial bladder cancer is a notable global concern, as evidenced by the epidemiological data in terms of frequency, distribution, as well as mortality rates. Although numerous molecular alterations have been linked to the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer, currently there is a limited knowledge on the molecular signature able of accurately predicting clinical outcomes. In this report, we present a case of a pT3b high-grade infiltrating urothelial carcinoma with areas of squamous differentiation characterized by very high tumor mutational burden (TMB), with up-regulations of immune checkpoints. The high TMB, along with elevated expressions of PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD1, underscores the rationale for developing a personalized immunotherapy focused on the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, molecular analysis revealed somatic mutations in several other cancer-related genes, including TP53, TP63 and NOTCH3. Mutations of TP53 and TP63 genes provide mechanistic insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying disease development and progression. Notably, the above-mentioned mutations and the elevated hypoxia score make the targeting of p53 and/or hypoxia related pathways a plausible personalized medicine option for this bladder cancer, particularly in combination with immunotherapy. Our data suggest a requirement for molecular profiling in bladder cancer to possibly select appropriate immune-checkpoint therapy.
Multiple group membership and executive function in a socioeconomically diverse sample
Authors: Goto Nobuhiko , Kusumasondjaja Sony , Tjiptono Fandy , Lim Shirley X. L. , Shee Dexter , Hatano Aya , Herachwati Nuri , Schaefer Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBelonging to multiple groups is an important feature of our social lives. However, it is largely unknown if it is related to individual differences in cognitive performance. Given that changing self-identities linked to each group requires cognitive operations on knowledge bases associated with each group, the extent to which people belong to multiple groups may be related to individual differences in cognitive performance. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to test if multiple group membership is related to executive function task performance. A socioeconomically diverse sample of 395 individuals in Indonesia participated in this study. Our results show that multiple group membership was positively related to the 3-back working memory performance. However, we also found that this relationship was significant only among participants with high (not median or low) SES. We also observed that Contact diversity was negatively related to working memory performance among participants with low SES. Our results show that the complexity of our social lives is related to individual differences in executive function performance, although this seems to be constrained by SES.
Shrinking the footprint of the criminal legal system through policies informed by psychology and neuroscience
Authors: Baskin-Sommers Arielle , Williams Alex , Benson-Williams Callie , Ruiz Sonia , Ricard Jordyn R. , Camacho Jorge 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe footprint of the legal system in the United States is expansive. Applying psychological and neuroscience research to understand or predict individual criminal behavior is problematic. Nonetheless, psychology and neuroscience can contribute substantially to the betterment of the criminal legal system and the outcomes it produces. We argue that scientific findings should be applied to the legal system through systemwide policy changes. Specifically, we discuss how science can shape policies around pollution in prisons, the use of solitary confinement, and the law’s conceptualization of insanity. Policies informed by psychology and neuroscience have the potential to affect meaningful—and much-needed—legal change.
A too-many dwarf satellite galaxies problem in the MATLAS low-to-moderate density fields
Authors: Kanehisa Kosuke Jamie , Pawlowski Marcel S. , Heesters Nick , Müller Oliver 
Published: April 2024

Context.Dwarf galaxy abundances can serve as discernment tests for models of structure formation. Previous small-scale tensions between observations and dark matter-only cosmological simulations may have been resolved with the inclusion of baryonic processes; however, these successes have been largely concentrated on the Local Group dwarfs the feedback models were initially calibrated on.Aims.We investigate whether the ΛCDM model can reliably reproduce dwarf abundances in the MATLAS low-to-moderate density fields that are centred upon early-type host galaxies beyond the Local Volume.Methods.We carried out mock observations of MATLAS-like fields with the high-resolution hydrodynamic simulation IllustrisTNG-50. We used matching selection criteria and compared the properties of dwarfs contained within them with their MATLAS analogues.Results.Although simulated MATLAS-like dwarfs demonstrate photometric properties that are consistent with the observed galaxy population and follow the same scaling relations, TNG50 underestimates the number of dwarf galaxies in isolated MATLAS fields at the 6σlevel. This significance maintained within crowded fields containing more than a single bright host. Our 55 − 62% estimate of the fraction of background galaxies is in agreement with estimates by MATLAS, but is wholly insufficient to alleviate this discrepancy in dwarf abundances. Any incompleteness in the observed fields further exacerbates this tension.Conclusions.We identified a “too-many-satellites” problem in ΛCDM, emphasising the need for the continued testing and refining of current models of galaxy formation in environments beyond the Local Group.
Simulation of low-current DC discharges in longitudinal flows of atmospheric-pressure air
Authors: Babaeva N Yu , Naidis G V 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Characteristics of low-current stationary axially symmetric discharges in longitudinal laminar flows of atmospheric-pressure air calculated in the framework of a two-dimensional model are presented. Non-equilibrium discharge regimes, in the current range from 1 to 100 mA, are considered for gas flow velocities up to 50 m s−1. It is shown that variation of the flow velocity substantially affects the discharge characteristics, such as the width of discharge column, the electric field inside the gap, the current density etc. Validity of the obtained results is confirmed by their comparison with available experimental data.
Massive white dwarfs in Rastall-Rainbow gravity
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Bo , Lin Wenbin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We explore the properties of white dwarfs within the framework of Rastall-Rainbow gravity. Employing the Chandrasekhar equation of state in conjunction with the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation, we calculate the mass-radius relations of white dwarfs. We also obtain the confidence levels for the Rastall-Rainbow parameters based on some observed white dwarfs. Numerical results show that Rastall-Rainbow gravity can not only align well with these observations, but also can account for the existence of the super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs. In addition, the gravitational redshift, compactness and dynamical stability of white dwarfs are discussed in this modified gravitational theory.
Constraining dark energy cosmologies with spatial curvature using Supernovae JWST forecasting
Authors: Maldonado Alonso Pablo M. , Escamilla-Rivera Celia , Sandoval-Orozco Rodrigo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recent cosmological tensions, in particular, to infer the local value of the Hubble constant H
0, have developed new independent techniques to constrain cosmological parameters in several cosmologies. Moreover, even when the concordance Cosmological Constant Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model has been well constrained with local observables, its physics has shown deviations from a flat background. Therefore, to explore a possible deviation from a flat ΛCDM model that could explain the H
0 value in tension with other techniques, in this paper we study new cosmological constraints in spatial curvature dark energy models. Additionally, to standard current Supernovae Type Ia (SNIa) catalogs, we extend the empirical distance ladder method through an SNIa sample using the capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to forecast SNIa up to z ∼ 6, with information on the star formation rates at high redshift. Furthermore, we found that our constraints provide an improvement in the statistics associated with Ω
m
when combining SNIa Pantheon and SNIa Pantheon+ catalogs with JW forecasting data.
Influences of tilted thin accretion disks on the observational appearance of hairy black holes in Horndeski gravity
Authors: Hu Shiyang , Li Dan , Deng Chen , Wu Xin , Liang Enwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Research on the observational appearance of black holes, both in general relativity and modified gravity, has been in full swing since the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration announced photos of M87* and Sagittarius A*. Nevertheless, limited attention has been given to the impact of tilted accretion disks on black hole images. This paper investigates the 230 GHz images of non-rotating hairy black holes illuminated by tilted, thin accretion disks in Horndeski gravity with the aid of a ray tracing method. The results indicate that reducing the scalar hair parameter effectively diminishes image luminosity and extends both the critical curve and the inner shadow. This trend facilitates the differentiation between hairy black holes and Schwarzschild black holes, especially in certain parameter spaces where the current Event Horizon Telescope array is capable of capturing such variations. Furthermore, we observe that the inclination of the tilted accretion disk can mimic the observation angle, consequently affecting image brightness and the morphology of the inner shadow. In specific parameter spaces, alterations in the tilt or position of the accretion disk can lead to a drift in the light spot within the images of hairy black holes. This finding may establish a potential correlation between the precession of the tilted accretion disk and image features. Additionally, through an examination of images depicting hairy black holes surrounded by two thin accretion disks, we report the obscuring effect of the accretion environment on the inner shadow of the black hole.
Spectral distortions from promising single and multifield inflationary models
Authors: Baur Alexander , García Marcos A.G. , Henríquez-Ortiz Raúl , Hernández-Neri Mauricio , Ramos-Sánchez Saúl 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Forthcoming missions probing the absolute intensity of the CMB are expected to be able to measure
spectral distortions, which are deviations from its blackbody distribution. As cosmic inflation can induce spectral
distortions, these experiments offer a possibility to further test the various promising inflationary
proposals, whose predictions need to be carefully determined. After numerically fitting all inflationary
observables to match current observations, we compute the predicted spectral distortions of
various promising single and multifield inflationary models. The predictions of single-field
inflationary models display deviations between 0.5% and 20% with respect to the standard cosmological
model in the observable window, where multi-natural and axion-monodromy inflation stand out in this respect.
In the case of multifield inflation, we observe a richer structure of the power spectrum, which, in
the case of so-called hybrid attractors, yields spectral distortions about 100 times more intense than
the standard signal. These observations open up questions about the relation among our results
and other cosmological observables that are also to be probed soon, such as the production of
primordial black holes and gravitational waves.
Tunable energy spectrum betatron x-ray sources in a plasma wakefield
Authors: Xi 奚 Chuan-Yi 传易 , Shou 寿 Yin-Ren 寅任 , Han 韩 Li-Qi 立琦 , Ablimit 阿 Abdughupur 卜杜伍普尔·阿布力米提 , Liu 刘 Xiao-Dan 晓丹 , Zhao 赵 Yan-Ying 研英 , Yu 余 Jin-Qing 金清 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
X-ray sources with tunable energy spectra have a wide range of applications in different scenarios due to their different penetration depths. However, existing x-ray sources face difficulties in terms of energy regulation. In this paper, we present a scheme for tuning the energy spectrum of a betatron x-ray generated from a relativistic electron bunch oscillating in a plasma wakefield. The center energy of the x-ray source can be tuned from several keV to several hundred keV by changing the plasma density, thereby extending the control range by an order of magnitude. At different central energies, the brightness of the betatron radiation is in the range of 3.7 × 1022 to 5.5 × 1022 photons/(0.1%BW⋅s⋅mm2⋅mrad2) and the photon divergence angle is about 2 mrad. This high-brightness, energy-controlled betatron source could pave the way to a wide range of applications requiring photons of specific energy, such as phase-contrast imaging in medicine, non-destructive testing and material analysis in industry, and imaging in nuclear physics.
Status and perspectives of the ICARUS experiment at the Fermilab Short Baseline Neutrino program
Authors: Torretta D. ,   the ICARUS collaboration
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The ICARUS collaboration has employed the 760 t T600 detector in a successful three-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory, performing a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous νe
appearance in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters to a narrow region around Δm2 ∼ 1 eV2. After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. In 2020 the cryogenic commissioning began with detector cool down, liquid Argon filling and recirculation. ICARUS then started its operation collecting the first neutrino events from the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam off-axis, which were used to test the ICARUS event selection, reconstruction and analysis algorithms. ICARUS successfully completed its commissioning phase in June 2022, moving then to data taking for neutrino oscillation physics, aiming at first to either confirm or refute the claim by Neutrino-4 short-baseline reactor. ICARUS will also jointly search for evidence of sterile neutrinos together with the Short-Baseline Near Detector, within the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino program experiment, and will perform measurements of neutrino cross sections with both beams and several Beyond Standard Model searches with the NuMI beam. In this paper, the main technical achievements of the ICARUS detector subsystems (Time Projection Chambers, Light Detection System, Cosmic Ray Tagger, Trigger and Data Acquisition) obtained with both BNB and NuMI neutrino beams during the commissioning phase, will be presented in terms of the overall detector performance and capability to select and reconstruct neutrino events.
Evaluation of new scintillation crystals with MCDM methods for brain PET
Authors: Uzun Ozsahin D. , Duwa B.B. , Uzun B. , Musa M.S. , Ozsahin I. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Brain Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging has been increasingly important in recent decades for improved detection and staging of brain cancer and other brain illnesses. Many elements, including the choice of radiation detecting medium, contribute to the overall image quality used to characterize a PET system's performance. In our previous study, novel transparent optical scintillator crystals for brain PET system were simulated. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate these materials using advanced computational techniques. Hence, in this study, we evaluated and compared them using two Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, namely Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and Visekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). The crystals used in this study were strontium hafnate (SHO), gadolinium aluminum gallium garget (GAGG), gadolinium yttrium gallium aluminum garget (GYGAG), gadolinium lutetium gallium aluminum garget (GLuGAG), and lastly lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) for comparison. Density, effective atomic number, energy resolution, light output, and decay time were selected as important criteria. Importance weights of each criteria were then assigned by considering the high resolution and high sensitivity detectors. With both MCDM methods, the results showed that SHO outranked the other scintillator materials followed by LSO and GLuGAG. GYGAG, and GAGG is revealed as the least favorable crystals, in agreement with the previous simulation studies. This study can be extended by including more scintillators as they become available in the future.
Applying Gaussian mixture models for enhanced characterization of featured surfaces and mixed lubrication analysis
Authors: Silva Samuel A N , Costa Henara L , Luz Felipe K C , Oliveira Elton Y G , Profito Francisco J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Understanding surface topography is vital for optimizing the performance of engineering components. Featured surfaces, with distinct patterns and textures, have garnered attention for their potential to reduce friction and wear. However, accurately describing their topography poses challenges, necessitating effective segmentation methods in many applications. This paper proposes utilizing the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering method as a novel approach for surface metrology analysis of featured surfaces. The GMM provides an approach to identify and analyze specific surface features and enhance comprehension of their contributions to functionality. The paper presents a comprehensive methodology involving surface characterization, GMM clustering, plateau reference plane location, and calculation of essential topography parameters. Results from four different surfaces are discussed, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed GMM-based methodology in segmenting plateau regions, grooves, and porosity.
A simple fatigue methodology for filled natural rubbers under positive and negative R ratios
Authors: Belkhiria Salma , Abroug Anis , Fathallah Raouf 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper suggests a simple methodology to optimize the uniaxial fatigue predictions for filled natural rubbers. In this study, the stress ratio

R

effect on rubber fatigue life is investigated numerically. For this purpose, a Finite Element model is developed to determine both amplitude and mean stress values in the critical zone of the considered specimen. The suggested model incorporates the

R

ratio effect using an equivalent stress amplitude. It is proven that the new model can efficiently describe the fatigue life for a large

R

-value interval with higher accuracy.