bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathology associated with Contracaecum rudolphii (Nematoda: Anisakidae) infection in the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (L. 1758)
Authors: Rokicki J. , Sołtysiak Z. , Dziekońska-Rynko J. , Borucińska J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
This is a report of lesions associated with the nematode Contracaecum rudolphii (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the proventriculus of the great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo (L. 1758). The study was undertaken as part of a health monitoring program for P. carbo, which is endangered and thus protected within the European continent. Cormorants were collected by gun-shot from north-eastern Poland in the spring of 2006, four birds were necropsied on site and the gastrointestinal tract was examined for the presence of nematodes. The birds came from a region with noted increases in the cormorant population over the last decade. Esophageal and gastric sections with parasites in situ were fixed in formalin and processed routinely for paraffin embedding, stained with H&E and examined by brightfield microscopy. Parasite associated lesions consisted of severe, ulcerative gastritis at the attachment sites, and diffuse granulomatous gastritis in adjacent areas. Eosinophilic material speculated to be the parasite-derived excretory-secretory product was consistently forming the parasite-host boundry at the attachment points. Although the parasite-associated gastric lesions were focally severe, all examined birds appeared in good body condition. Because only four birds were investigated in this study, the potential contribution of C. rudolphii to morbidity and mortality in great cormorants needs to be examined further.
New data on the morphology of Procamallanus (Procamallanus) annulatus and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) monotaxis (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from marine fishes off New Caledonia
Authors: Moravec F. , Justine J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Two little-known nematode species of the family Camallanidae, intestinal parasites of marine perciform fishes, are reported from off New Caledonia: Procamallanus (Procamallanus) annulatus Yamaguti, 1955 from the goldenlined spinefoot Siganus lineatus (Valenciennes) (Siganidae) and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) monotaxis (Olsen, 1952) from the longspine emperor Lethrinus genivittatus Valenciennes and the slender emperor Lethrinus variegatus Valenciennes (both Lethrinidae). Detailed light and electron microscopical studies (the latter used for the first time in these species) revealed some taxonomically important, previously not observed features, such as the presence of deirids, six crescent-shaped elevations surrounding the mouth, three poorly developed protuberances on the female tail tip and circumcloacal papillae and phasmids on the male tail in P. annulatus, and the presence of a circumoral flange, only 12 (instead of 14 reported) cephalic papillae, the shape of deirids and similar numbers (14–17 and 14–15) of spiral ridges in the male and female buccal capsules in P. monotaxis. The fourth-stage larva of P. annulatus is described for the first time. Firststage larvae of both species were found to possess several digital processes at the tail tip. The present findings represent new host and geographical records of these parasite species.
Egg morphology, larval development and description of the oncomiracidium of Heterobothrium ecuadori (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae) parasitising the bullseye pufferfish, Sphoeroides annulatus
Authors: Grano-Maldonado M. , Roque A. , Aguirre H. , Fajer-Avila E. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The present study is the first description of the egg morphology, embryonic development, and time required for hatching, and longevity of the oncomiracidium of Heterobothrium ecuadori (Meserve, 1938) Sproston, 1946. Experiments found that hatching time fluctuated between 7 and 10 days with a mean of 7.5 ± 1 days at 23 ± 1° C and 35 ‰. Eggs were provided with a polar filamentous appendage. The body of the oncomiracidium was flattened dorso-ventrally, 156 ± 9 μm long and 65 ± 8 μm wide. A full description of the egg development and morphology of the oncomiracidium is provided. The longevity of the oncomiracidia was 4–7 days at 21 ± 1°C, with a mean survival time of 121.8h. The ability to rear diclidophorids like H. ecuadori and to record precise information on their development provides valuable data for further studies.
Capillary origami: superhydrophobic ribbon surfaces and liquid marbles
Authors: McHale Glen , Newton Michael I , Shirtcliffe Neil J , Geraldi Nicasio R 
Published: March 2011

In the wetting of a solid by a liquid it is often assumed that the substrate is rigid. However, for an elastic substrate the rigidity depends on the cube of its thickness and so reduces rapidly as the substrate becomes thinner as it approaches becoming a thin sheet. In such circumstances, it has been shown that the capillary forces caused by a contacting droplet of a liquid can shape the solid rather than the solid shaping the liquid. A substrate can be bent and folded as a (pinned) droplet evaporates or even instantaneously and spontaneously wrapped on contact with a droplet. When this effect is used to create three dimensional shapes from initially flat sheets, the effect is called capillary origami or droplet wrapping.In this work, we consider how the conditions for the spontaneous, capillary induced, folding of a thin ribbon substrate might be altered by a rigid surface structure that, for a rigid substrate, would be expected to create Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel effects. For smooth thin substrates, droplet wrapping can occur for all liquids, including those for which the Young’s law contact angle (defined by the interfacial tensions) is greater than 90° and which would therefore normally be considered relatively hydrophobic. However, consideration of the balance between bending and interfacial energies suggests that the tendency for droplet wrapping can be suppressed for some liquids by providing the flexible solid surface with a rigid topographic structure. In general, it is known that when a liquid interacts with such a structure it can either fully penetrate the structure (the Wenzel case) or it can bridge between the asperities of the structure (the Cassie–Baxter case).In this report, we show theoretically that droplet wrapping should occur with both types of solid–liquid contact. We also derive a condition for the transition between the Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel type droplet wrapping and relate it to the same transition condition known to apply to superhydrophobic surfaces. The results are given for both droplets being wrapped by thin ribbons and for solid grains encapsulating droplets to form liquid marbles.
Reformulation et acquisition de la complexité linguistique
Authors: Martinot Claire 
Published: March 2011

Résumé La complexification de la langue chez 60 enfants de 4 à 10 ans de langue maternelle française est étudiée, pour la première fois, en fonction des procédures de reformulation qui simplifient ou complexifient les énoncés sources d’une histoire qu’ils doivent restituer. L’opposition syntaxique entre énoncés simples ou complexes est réenvisagée sous l’angle d’un continuum dans lequel la complexification, comme la simplification, sont nécessairement relatives et dépendent d’un grand nombre de facteurs. L’étude montre cependant que les différentes procédures de complexification d’un énoncé source lors de sa reformulation correspondent à des reformulations paraphrastiques qui sont attestées dans l’ordre suivant : paraphrases descriptives définitoires lacunaires, puis complètes ; paraphrases sémantiques ; paraphrases formelles : transformations puis restructurations ; et enfin paraphrases fonctionnelles.
Songbird Breeding Season Use of Pine Plantations Treated Chemically for Herbaceous Vegetation Control
Authors: Keyser Patrick D. , Lanham J. Drew , Ford Victor L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPine plantations, a common early successional habitat in the southeastern United States, have been subject in recent years to increased use of herbicides to control herbaceous vegetation immediately postestablishment. Such treatments may affect songbird use during the breeding season, but studies documenting bird response are limited. Furthermore, songbirds that breed in early successional habitats have experienced sustained population declines in recent decades. Therefore, we examined the influence of herbaceous vegetation control on songbird use during the breeding season within pine plantations on the Piedmont Plateau in Virginia. We evaluated 35 plantations characterized by one of five treatments: herbaceous vegetation control applied during the establishment year and that were 1, 2, or 3 y old when sampled, and those that had not received herbaceous vegetation control at establishment and that were 1 or 2 y old when sampled. There was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) in detections of birds between plantations with and without herbicide treatment. However, 1-y-old plantations (both treated and untreated) had fewer detections (P &lt; 0.05) than 2-y-old plantations for 3 individual species and for all 16 species combined.
The Assessment of Airway Maneuvers and Interventions in University Canadian Football, Ice Hockey, and Soccer Players
Authors: Delaney J. Scott , Al-Kashmiri Ammar , Baylis Penny-Jane , Troutman Tracy , Aljufaili Mahmood , Correa José A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Context:
Managing an airway in an unconscious athlete is a lifesaving skill that may be made more difficult by the recent changes in protective equipment. Different airway maneuvers and techniques may be required to help ventilate an unconscious athlete who is wearing full protective equipment.

Objective:
To assess the effectiveness of different airway maneuvers with football, ice hockey, and soccer players wearing full protective equipment.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
University sports medicine clinic.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 146 university varsity athletes, consisting of 62 football, 45 ice hockey, and 39 soccer players.

Intervention(s):
Athletes were assessed for different airway and physical characteristics. Three investigators then evaluated the effectiveness of different bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation techniques in supine athletes who were wearing protective equipment while inline cervical spine immobilization was maintained.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The effectiveness of 1-person BVM ventilation (1-BVM), 2-person BVM ventilation (2-BVM), and inline immobilization and ventilation (IIV) was judged by each investigator for each athlete using a 4-point rating scale.

Results:
All forms of ventilation were least difficult in soccer players and most difficult in football players. When compared with 1-BVM, both 2-BVM and IIV were deemed more effective by all investigators for all athletes. Interference from the helmet and stabilizer were common reasons for difficult ventilation in football and ice hockey players.

Conclusions:
Sports medicine professionals should practice and be comfortable with different ventilation techniques for athletes wearing full equipment. The use of a new ventilation technique, termed inline immobilization and ventilation, may be beneficial, especially when the number of responders is limited.
Arthrometric Measurement of Ankle-Complex Motion: Normative Values
Authors: Schwarz Neil A. , Kovaleski John E. , Heitman Robert J. , Gurchiek Larry R. , Gubler-Hanna Coral 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Context:
Valid and reliable measurements of ankle-complex motion have been reported using the Hollis Ankle Arthrometer. No published normative data of ankle-complex motion obtained from ankle arthrometry are available for use as a reference for clinical decision making.

Objective:
To describe the distribution variables of ankle-complex motion in uninjured ankles and to establish normative reference values for use in research and to assist in clinical decision making.

Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Both ankles of 50 men and 50 women (age = 21.78 ± 2.0 years [range, 19–25 years]) were tested.

Intervention(s):
Each ankle underwent anteroposterior (AP) and inversion-eversion (I-E) loading using an ankle arthrometer.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Recorded anterior, posterior, and total AP displacement (millimeters) at 125 N and inversion, eversion, and total I-E rotation (degrees) at 4 Nm.

Results:
Women had greater ankle-complex motion for all variables except for posterior displacement. Total AP displacement of the ankle complex was 18.79 ± 4.1 mm for women and 16.70 ± 4.8 mm for men (U = 3742.5, P &lt; .01). Total I-E rotation of the ankle complex was 42.10° ± 9.0° for women and 34.13° ± 10.1° for men (U = 2807, P &lt; .001). All variables were normally distributed except for anterior displacement, inversion rotation, eversion rotation, and total I-E rotation in the women's ankles and eversion rotation in the men's ankles; these variables were skewed positively.

Conclusions:
Our study increases the available database on ankle-complex motion, and it forms the basis of norm-referenced clinical comparisons and the basis on which quantitative definitions of ankle pathologic conditions can be developed.
Chronic Ankle Instability: Evolution of the Model
Authors: Hiller Claire E. , Kilbreath Sharon L. , Refshauge Kathryn M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractContext:The Hertel model of chronic ankle instability (CAI) is commonly used in research but may not be sufficiently comprehensive. Mechanical instability and functional instability are considered part of a continuum, and recurrent sprain occurs when both conditions are present. A modification of the Hertel model is proposed whereby these 3 components can exist independently or in combination.Objective:To examine the fit of data from people with CAI to 2 CAI models and to explore whether the different subgroups display impairments when compared with a control group.Design:Cross-sectional study.Patients or Other Participants:Community-dwelling adults and adolescent dancers were recruited: 137 ankles with ankle sprain for objective 1 and 81 with CAI and 43 controls for objective 2.Intervention(s):Two balance tasks and time to recover from an inversion perturbation were assessed to determine if the subgroups demonstrated impairments when compared with a control group (objective 2).Main Outcome Measure(s):For objective 1 (fit to the 2 models), outcomes were Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool score, anterior drawer test results, and number of sprains. For objective 2, outcomes were 2 balance tasks (number of foot lifts in 30 seconds, ability to balance on the ball of the foot) and time to recover from an inversion perturbation. The Cohen d was calculated to compare each subgroup with the control group.Results:A total of 56.5% of ankles (n = 61) fit the Hertel model, whereas all ankles (n = 108) fit the proposed model. In the proposed model, 42.6% of ankles were classified as perceived instability, 30.5% as recurrent sprain and perceived instability, and 26.9% as among the remaining groups. All CAI subgroups performed more poorly on the balance and inversion-perturbation tasks than the control group. Subgroups with perceived instability had greater impairment in single-leg stance, whereas participants with recurrent sprain performed more poorly than the other subgroups when balancing on the ball of the foot. Only individuals with hypomobility appeared unimpaired when recovering from an inversion perturbation.Conclusions:The new model of CAI is supported by the available data. Perceived instability alone and in combination characterized the majority of participants. Several impairments distinguished the sprain groups from the control group.
Changes in Knee Biomechanics After a Hip-Abductor Strengthening Protocol for Runners With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors: Ferber Reed , Kendall Karen D. , Farr Lindsay 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Context:
Very few authors have investigated the relationship between hip-abductor muscle strength and frontal-plane knee mechanics during running.

Objective:
To investigate this relationship using a 3-week hip-abductor muscle-strengthening program to identify changes in strength, pain, and biomechanics in runners with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).

Design:
Cohort study.

Setting:
University-based clinical research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Fifteen individuals (5 men, 10 women) with PFPS and 10 individuals without PFPS (4 men, 6 women) participated.

Intervention(s):
The patients with PFPS completed a 3-week hip-abductor strengthening protocol; control participants did not.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The dependent variables of interest were maximal isometric hip-abductor muscle strength, 2-dimensional peak knee genu valgum angle, and stride-to-stride knee-joint variability. All measures were recorded at baseline and 3 weeks later. Between-groups differences were compared using repeated-measures analyses of variance.

Results:
At baseline, the PFPS group exhibited reduced strength, no difference in peak genu valgum angle, and increased stride-to-stride knee-joint variability compared with the control group. After the 3-week protocol, the PFPS group demonstrated increased strength, less pain, no change in peak genu valgum angle, and reduced stride-to-stride knee-joint variability compared with baseline.

Conclusions:
A 3-week hip-abductor muscle-strengthening protocol was effective in increasing muscle strength and decreasing pain and stride-to-stride knee-joint variability in individuals with PFPS. However, concomitant changes in peak knee genu valgum angle were not observed.
Interday Reliability of Peak Muscular Power Outputs on an Isotonic Dynamometer and Assessment of Active Trunk Control Using the Chop and Lift Tests
Authors: Palmer Thomas G. , Uhl Timothy L. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Context:
Assessment techniques used to measure functional tasks involving active trunk control are restricted to linear movements that lack the explosive movements and dynamic tasks associated with activities of daily living and sport. Reliable clinical methods used to assess the diagonal and ballistic movements about the trunk are lacking.

Objective:
To assess the interday reliability of peak muscular power outputs while participants performed diagonal chop and lift tests and maintained a stable trunk.

Design:
Controlled laboratory study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Eighteen healthy individuals (10 men and 8 women; age  =  32 ± 11 years, height  =  168 ± 12 cm, mass  =  80 ± 19 kg) from the general population participated.

Intervention(s):
Participants performed 2 power tests (chop, lift) using an isotonic dynamometer and 3 endurance tests (Biering-Sørensen, side-plank left, side-plank right) to assess active trunk control. Testing was performed on 3 different days separated by at least 1 week. Reliability was compared between days 1 and 2 and between days 2 and 3. Correlations between the power and endurance tests were evaluated to determine the degree of similarity.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Peak muscular power outputs (watts) derived from a 1-repetition maximum protocol for the chop and lift tests were collected for both the right and left sides.

Results:
Intraclass correlation coefficients for peak muscular power were highly reliable for the chop (range, 0.87–0.98), lift (range, 0.83–0.96), and endurance (range, 0.80–0.98) tests between test sessions. The correlations between the power assessments and the Biering-Sørensen test (r range, −0.008 to 0.017) were low. The side-plank tests were moderately correlated with the chop (r range, 0.528–0.590) and the lift (r range, 0.359–0.467) tests.

Conclusions:
The diagonal chop and lift power protocol generated reliable data and appears to be a dynamic test that simulates functional tasks, which require dynamic trunk control.
Development of a Heat-Illness Screening Instrument Using the Delphi Panel Technique
Authors: Eberman Lindsey E. , Cleary Michelle A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractContext:Exertional heat illness (EHI) is the third leading cause of death among athletes, but with preparticipation screening, risk factors can be identified, and some EHIs can be prevented.Objective:To establish content validity of the Heat Illness Index Score (HIIS), a 10-item screening instrument designed to identify athletes at risk for EHI during a preparticipation examination.Design:Delphi study.Setting:The Delphi technique included semistructured face-to-face or telephone interviews and included electronic questionnaires administered via e-mail.Patients or Other Participants:Six individuals with extensive research experience and/or clinical expertise in EHI participated as expert panelists.Main Outcome Measure(s):We used a Delphi panel technique (3 rounds) to evaluate the HIIS with the consensus of expert opinions. For round 1, we conducted face-to-face interviews with the panelists. For round 2, we solicited panelists' feedback of the transcribed data to ensure trustworthiness, then provided the participants with the revised HIIS and a questionnaire eliciting their levels of agreement for each revision from the previous round on a visual analog scale (11.4 cm) with extreme indicators of strongly disagree and strongly agree. We calculated the mean and SD for each revision and accepted when the mean was greater than 7.6 cm (agree) and the SD still permitted a positive response (&gt;5.7 cm), suggesting consensus. For round 3, we instructed participants to indicate their levels of agreement with each final, revised item and their levels of agreement with the entire instrument on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree).Results:In round 1, panelists supported all 10 items but requested various revisions. In round 2, 16.3% (7 of 43) revisions were rejected, and 2 revisions were modified. In round 3, 100% of panelists reported agreeing (n = 3 of 6) or strongly agreeing (n = 3 of 6) with the final instrument.Conclusions:Panelists were able to achieve consensus and validated the content of the HIIS, as well as the instrument itself. Implementation and further analysis are necessary to effectively identify the diagnostic accuracy of the HIIS.