bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of the PRB1 gene in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae rim101Δ mutant produces proteolytic artefacts that differentially affect some proteins
Authors: Pérez Jacqueline , Gómez Alberto , Roncero César 
Published: April 2010

AbstractProteolytic degradation during protein processing in yeast is usually prevented by the addition of protease inhibitors or strict cooling of the samples. In this report we show that, while these precautions are sufficient for some strains, they are clearly insufficient for others. Specifically, we show that the stability of some proteins, such as Slt2p or Chs4p, but not others, is severely compromised in the rim101Δ mutant due to the upregulation of the PRB1 gene, which leads to higher levels of proteinase B activity. This degradation can be almost completely prevented by an overdose of subtilisin‐like protease inhibitors, such as PMSF, or by avoiding cell freezing. Growth under other conditions that increase proteinase B activity also leads to the differential degradation of some proteins. Here, analysis of several commercial protease inhibitor cocktails indicated that all of them lacked enough subtilisin‐like protease inhibitors to prevent any excess of proteinase B activity. Therefore, much stricter experimental protocols than those routinely used are necessary to prevent the artefactual interpretation of protein levels in strains or conditions that increase proteinase B activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanics of isotropic elastic‐plastic flow in pressure‐sensitive damaging bodies under finite strains – revisited
Authors: Raniecki B. , Nguyen H. V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe general theoretical framework for modeling the plastic flow at finite strain is reconsidered. The Eckard‐Mandel concept of multiplicative decomposition of the total deformation tensor is used together with the logarithmic elastic strain measure as external state variable. The rate constitutive relations formulated in the mobile Lagrangian description are transformed to the form appropriate for application of updated Lagrangian numerical techniques. This exhibits the structure of plastic increment of total strain (defined in Hill‐Rice Lagrangian first order plasticity theory) following from application of multiplicative decomposition of the deformation tensor. The rate equations are reduced to the fairly simple form by making plausible physical assumptions concerning deformation behavior of real plastically deformed non‐rubber like materials. Since most of such materials exhibits small distortional elastic strains, and possibly large dilatational deformation under sufficiently high pressure, the postulated mathematical form of elastic shear strain energy function is the same as in usual infinitesimal theories. The general method for incorporation of the pressure sensitivity (including hydrodynamic behaviour of metals at high pressure) and possible damage into the framework of the usual theory of plasticity is discussed. The material (the derived non‐associated flow law) and the mechanical descriptions are combined through the relevant bridging equation and the simple choice of the orientation of material element in the conceptual unloaded configuration (vanishing spin of permanent strains). The general rate boundary value problem is formulated and estimation method of the primary bifurcation state is revived.
Causes and Treatment of Recurrent Hyperparathyroidism After Subtotal Parathyroidectomy in the Presence of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1
Authors: Balsalobre Salmeron Maria D. , Rodriguez Gonzalez Jose Manuel , Sancho Fornos Joan , Goday Albert , Torregrosa Perez Nuria Maria , Rios Zambudio Antonio , Parrilla Paricio Pascual , Sitges Serra Antonio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundSubtotal parathyroidectomy (SPTX) is the treatment of choice for hyperparathyroidism in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (HPT‐MEN‐1). There are scarce data on the causes, timing, and appropriate surgical treatment of patients with recurrent HPT‐MEN‐1. The aim of this study was to investigate the timing, causes, site of recurrence, and surgical treatment of recurrent HPT‐MEN‐1 in patients who underwent SPTX.MethodsThe study was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on patients with HPT‐MEN‐1 with SPTX at two referral institutions. The data collected included the following: demographics, duration of follow‐up, weight of resected parathyroid tissue, type of remnant, time to reoperation, cause/site of recurrence, and surgical treatment. We studied prognostic factors of recurrence.ResultsA total of 69 patients underwent SPTX and were followed for a mean of 75.3 months. After the surgery, 15 patients were left with a single “normal” gland and 54 with a 50‐ to 70‐mg remnant of a partially excised abnormal gland. Nine patients (13%) had a recurrence within a mean of 85 months (12–144 months). Patients with a recurrence had been followed longer (115 vs. 66 months; p = 0.005). Five recurrences occurred in a parathyroid remnant, 3 in a previously “normal” gland; the fifth recurrence was in both a hyperplastic remnant and a fifth gland. Remedial surgery included five subtotal resections and four immediate parathyroid autotransplantations. Two patients had a second recurrence due to a supernumerary gland. Factors related with recurrence are the follow‐up time (p < 0.01) and thymectomy (p < 0.003).ConclusionsRecurrence of HPTP‐MEN‐1 usually is located in preserved parathyroid tissue with no preference for a previously normal gland or a remnant. A second recurrence is most likely seen in a supernumerary gland. Recurrence is associated with the follow‐up time and thymectomy.
Functional characterization of the novel intronic nucleotide change c.288+9C>T within the BCKDHA gene: understanding a variant presentation of maple syrup urine disease
Authors: Fernández‐Guerra Paula , Navarrete Rosa , Weisiger Kara , Desviat Lourdes R. , Packman Seymour , Ugarte Magdalena , Rodríguez‐Pombo Pilar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMutations in any of the three different genes—BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT—encoding for the E1α, E1β, and E2 catalytic components of the branched‐chain α‐ketoacid dehydrogenase complex can cause maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). Disease severity ranges from the classic to the mildest variant types and precise genotypes, mostly based on missense mutations, have been associated to the less severe presentations of the disease. Herein, we examine the consequences at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of the novel intronic alteration c.288+9C>T found in heterozygous fashion in a BCKDHA variant MSUD patient who also carries the nucleotide change c.745G>A (p.Gly249Ser), previously described as a severe change. Direct analysis of the processed transcripts from the patient showed—in addition to a low but measurable level of normal mRNA product—an aberrantly spliced mRNA containing a 7‐bp fragment of intron 2, which could be rescued when the patient's cells were treated with emetine. This aberrant transcript with a premature stop codon would be unstable, supporting the possible activation of nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay pathway. Consistent with this finding, minigene splicing assays demonstrated that the point mutation c.288+9C>T is sufficient to create a cryptic splice site and cause the observed 7‐bp insertion. Furthermore, our results strongly suggest that the c.288+9C>T allele in the patient generates both normal and aberrant transcripts that could sustain the variant presentation of the disease, highlighting the importance of correct genotyping to establish genotype–phenotype correlations and as basis for the development of therapeutic interventions.
Determination of In‐Shell Peanut Oil and Fatty Acid Composition Using Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Sundaram Jaya , Kandala Chari V. , Holser Ronald A. , Butts Christopher L. , Windham William R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNIR reflectance spectroscopy was used to analyze the total oil and fatty acid concentration of Virginia and Valencia types of in‐shell peanuts rapidly and nondestructively. NIR absorbance spectra were collected in the wavelength range from 400 to 2,500 nm using a NIR instrument. Average total oil concentrations of all samples were determined by a standard Soxtec extraction method. Fatty acids were converted to the corresponding methyl esters and measured using gas chromatography. Partial least squares analysis was performed on the calibration set, and models were developed for predicting total oil and fatty acids. The best model was selected based on coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of prediction, and residual percent deviation (RPD) values. Virginia‐type in‐shell peanuts had RPD values of >5.0 for both absorbance and reflectance models, indicating that the method could be used for quality control and analysis. Valencia peanuts had an RPD value of 3.01, which indicates that the model is good for initial screening purposes. For both types of peanuts, fatty acid prediction gave RPD values of <5 for all the models, indicating they could be used for initial screening purposes.
Neuroticism and psychological distress: To what extent is their association due to person-environment correlation?
Authors: Ploubidis G.B. , Frangou S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine to what extent the association between neuroticism and psychological distress is related to individuals’ inherent vulnerability or their tendency to self-select high-risk environments or situations.MethodData was drawn from both waves (1984/1985 and 1991) of the Health and Lifestyle Survey. Psychological distress was evaluated using the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) and neuroticism was assessed with the Eysenck Personality Inventory. A checklist of life events was completed in the second wave only. A Latent State Trait model was estimated to decompose psychological distress into its environmental-contextual and individual-specific components.ResultsNeuroticism accounted for 31 and 10% respectively of the variance of the environmental-contextual and individual-specific psychological distress components.ConclusionsOur results favour the notion that individuals with high-levels of neuroticism tend to self-select situations likely to lead to adversity and distress.
Motor activity in depressed patients during therapeutic sleep deprivation
Authors: Brückner T.U. , Wiegand M.H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractProblemBoth sleep and motor activity have a bidirectional relationship with depression. The existing literature on motor activity during therapeutic sleep deprivation in depressed patients is inconsistent and fragmentary. In the present study we measured motor activity continuously during 40 hours of sleep deprivation in depressed patients.MethodThirty-four inpatients suffering from a major depression (DSM-IV) underwent sleep deprivation with a continuous waking period of 40 hours. Motor activity of the patients was continuously recorded using an actigraph on the non-dominant wrist. The effect of sleep deprivation was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Scale (six-item version), thus separating the group into responders and non-responders to sleep deprivation.ResultsWe found no significant differences in motor activity between responders and non-responders on the day before sleep deprivation. During the night, responders to sleep deprivation exhibited a higher motor activity and less periods of rest. On the day after sleep deprivation, responders exhibited a higher activity, too.ConclusionsMotor activity levels differ between the two groups, thus giving more insight into possible mechanisms of action of the therapeutic sleep deprivation. We suggest that higher motor activity during the night prevents naps and leads to better response to sleep deprivation.
Implementing a National Policy Initiative to Support Normal Birth: Lessons From the All Wales Clinical Pathway for Normal Labour
Authors: Hunter Billie 
Published: April 2010

Introduction: This article discusses findings from an ethnographic study of a national policy initiative in Wales, United Kingdom. The policy aimed to decrease the caesarean section rate and increase the number of normal births by implementing a clinical pathway for normal labour. The aim of this study was to explore the real life experiences of those involved in the development and use of the policy.Methods: A range of qualitative methods was used, including observation, semistructured interviews, focus groups, and documentary analysis. Data were collected from midwives, doctors, midwifery managers, and mothers. Field notes and transcripts were thematically analysed.Results: The article discusses aspects of the findings related to the early stages of policy formation and development, including the initial phase of national implementation. It considers the challenges presented by creating national policies, discussing positive and negative aspects of the process.Discussion: The key themes discussed are effective consultation and involvement, group processes, “ownership,” reaching consensus, and the need for ongoing support. Issues of relevance to maternity care providers in other cultural locations are discussed and recommendations are made.J Midwifery Womens Health 2010;55:226–233 c&#x030a; 2010 by the American College of Nurse‐Midwives.
Pregnancy and Labour in the Dutch Maternity Care System: What Is Normal? The Role Division Between Midwives and Obstetricians
Authors: Amelink‐Verburg Marianne P. , Buitendijk Simone E. 
Published: April 2010

Introduction: In the Dutch maternity care system, the role division between independently practising midwives (who take care of normal pregnancy and childbirth) and obstetricians (who care for pathologic pregnancy and childbirth) has been established in the so‐called “List of Obstetric Indications” (LOI). The LOI designates the most appropriate care provider for women with defined medical or obstetric conditions.Methods: This descriptive study analysed the evolution of the concept of “normality” by comparing the development and the contents of the consecutive versions of the LOI from 1958 onwards. The results were related to data from available Dutch national databases concerning maternity care.Results: The number of conditions defined in the successive lists increased from 39 in 1958 to 143 in 2003. In the course of time, the nature and the content of many indications changed, as did the assignment to the most appropriate care provider. The basic assumptions of the Dutch maternity care system remained stable: the conviction that pregnancy and childbirth fundamentally are physiologic processes, the strong position of the independently practising midwife, and the choice between home or hospital birth for low‐risk women. Nevertheless, the odds of the obstetrician being involved in the birth process increased from 24.7% in 1964 to 59.4% in 2002, whereas the role of the primary care provider decreased correspondingly.Discussion: Multidisciplinary research is urgently needed to better determine the risk status and the optimal type of care and care provider for each individual woman in her specific situation, taking into account the risk of both under‐ and over‐treatment. Safely keeping women in primary care could be considered one of a midwife's interventions, just as a referral to secondary care may be. The art of midwifery and risk selection is to balance both interventions, in order to end up with the optimal result for mother and child.J Midwifery Womens Health 2010;55:216–225 c&#x030a; 2010 by the American College of Nurse‐Midwives.
How to be an atheist and a sceptic too: response to McCreary
Authors: SCHELLENBERG J. L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMark McCreary has argued that I cannot consistently advance both the hiddenness argument and certain arguments for religious scepticism found in my book The Wisdom to Doubt (WD). This reaction was expected, and in WD I explained its shortsightedness in that context. First, I noted how in Part III of WD, where theism is addressed, my principal aim is not to prove atheism but to show theists that they are not immune from the scepticism defended in Parts I and II. To the success of this aim, McCreary's arguments are not so much as relevant, for a thoroughgoing scepticism embracing even the hiddenness argument is quite compatible with its success. But I also explained how someone convinced that the hiddenness argument does prove atheism escapes the grip of religious scepticism because of that argument's reliance on apparent conceptual truths. McCreary's critique obscures this point but does not defuse it.
L'importance des Principes fondamentaux pour assurer l'unité du Mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge
Authors: Hantos János 
Published: April 2010

L'importance historique des principes et des idéaux qui influencent les activités humaines se mesure à l'ampleur de leur diffusion, à leur force de conviction et à la permanence de leur pouvoir d'attraction.L'aptitude de l'humanité à assurer sa propre protection explique le développement du Mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge. La vitalité dont il fait preuve depuis des décennies et sa contribution déterminante à l'enrichissement des valeurs humaines sont illustrées par le fait que, 125 ans après sa fondation, le Mouvement a pu maintenir sa force d'attraction et étendre son influence, tandis que le nombre de ses membres ne cessait de s'accroître. Son rayonnement universel est indéniable, même s'il nous faut admettre que le chemin de son développement n'est pas exempt d'obstacles.
Poursuivant un but commun
Authors: McArthur Helen G. 
Published: April 2010

Sous ce titre, nous publions ci-après un article de Mme W. E. Watson. C'est sous le nom de Helen G. McArthur, OC, B.Sc, MA, LL.D., qu'elle obtint la médaille Florence Nightingale que lui décerna le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge, en 1957, et qui lui fut remise, à Toronto, alors qu'elle était directrice nationale des Services des infirmières de la Croix-Rouge canadienne. Elle quitta ce poste en 1971, après l'avoir occupé durant un quart de siècle.Elle a bien voulu évoquer quelques faits d'une existence vouée au service du prochain, et elle a tiré de son expérience des vues larges sur la Croix-Rouge et l'application pratique de ses principes. Sur le plan international, elle joua un rôle important et elle fut l'une de ces personnalités qui, en divers pays, firent mieux reconnaître la condition de l'infirmière et rendre plus efficace la formation dans le domaine des soins infirmiers,Nous sommes particulièrement heureux de donner la parole à une lauréate de la médaille Florence Nightingale, dans ce numéro justement qui est consacré, pour une part, à la haute distinction qu'attribue, tous les deux ans, le CICR afin d'honorer le dévouement exceptionnel dont certaines infirmières ont fait preuve au cours de leur carrière. (Réd.)
Can public communication protect victims?
Authors: Huguenin-Benjamin Roland 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe phenomenon of 24-hour global coverage of world events has arguably made it more difficult for journalists to remain true to the deontology of their profession. At the same time, humanitarians are at pains to defend the concept of neutral independent action in armed conflicts that have global reverberations. Moral dilemma is often the order of the day for those who have to report on increasingly complex emergencies in war zones or to attempt to alleviate the suffering of victims. With examples from recent conflicts, this article asks whether there are ways in which journalists and humanitarians can contribute to saving lives.
Comparison of multiple metagenomes using phylogenetic networks based on ecological indices
Authors: Mitra Suparna , Gilbert Jack A , Field Dawn , Huson Daniel H 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Second-generation sequencing technologies are fueling a vast increase in the number and scope of metagenome projects. There is a great need for the development of new methods for visualizing the relationships between multiple metagenomic data sets. To address this, a novel approach is presented that combines the use of taxonomic analysis, ecological indices and non-hierarchical clustering to provide a network representation of the relationships between different metagenome data sets. The approach is illustrated using several published data sets of different types, including metagenomes, metatranscriptomes and 16S ribosomal profiles. Application of the approach to the same data summarized at different taxonomical levels gives rise to remarkably similar networks, indicating that the analysis is very robust. Importantly, the networks provide the both visual definition and metric quantification for the non-rooted relationship between samples, combining the desirable characteristics of other tools into one.
DNA-SIP identifies sulfate-reducing Clostridia as important toluene degraders in tar-oil-contaminated aquifer sediment
Authors: Winderl Christian , Penning Holger , von Netzer Frederick , Meckenstock Rainer U , Lueders Tillmann 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Global groundwater resources are constantly challenged by a multitude of contaminants such as aromatic hydrocarbons. Especially in anaerobic habitats, a large diversity of unrecognized microbial populations may be responsible for their degradation. Still, our present understanding of the respective microbiota and their ecophysiology is almost exclusively based on a small number of cultured organisms, mostly within the Proteobacteria. Here, by DNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP), we directly identified the most active sulfate-reducing toluene degraders in a diverse sedimentary microbial community originating from a tar-oil-contaminated aquifer at a former coal gasification plant. On incubation of fresh sediments with 13C7-toluene, the production of both sulfide and 13CO2 was clearly coupled to the 13C-labeling of DNA of microbes related to Desulfosporosinus spp. within the Peptococcaceae (Clostridia). The screening of labeled DNA fractions also suggested a novel benzylsuccinate synthase alpha-subunit (bssA) sequence type previously only detected in the environment to be tentatively affiliated with these degraders. However, carbon flow from the contaminant into degrader DNA was only ∼50%, pointing toward high ratios of heterotrophic CO2-fixation during assimilation of acetyl-CoA originating from the contaminant by these degraders. These findings demonstrate that the importance of non-proteobacterial populations in anaerobic aromatics degradation, as well as their specific ecophysiology in the subsurface may still be largely ungrasped.
TIME SPENT WORKING
Authors: Boye Katarina 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examines the connection between the time that women and men spend on paid work and housework and psychological distress, and addresses the question whether gender differences in time spent on these activities account for the gender difference in psychological distress. A group (n =1,277) of employed and cohabiting women and men from the Swedish Level-of-Living Survey 2000 (LNU 2000) are analysed using OLS regression. Results show that time spent on housework explains part of the gender difference in psychological distress. Among women, paid working time and possibly time spent on housework are associated with low psychological distress. However, spending too much time on one role decreases the possible beneficial effect of the other, and this is mainly caused by the resulting increase in total role time. Men's level of psychological distress is not associated with hours of paid work or housework. The study also shows that the division of housework between women and men is unusually uneven in households where women have a long total role time. Thus, an increase in men's participation in housework could decrease the gender difference in psychological distress as well as the number of women experiencing a high workload.