bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CELLULAR CONTENT IN NON‐TIMED SPECIMENS OF URINE
Authors: Gadeholt Hermod 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The present investigation is a report on the cellular content in non‐timed midstream specimens of urine from 643 ambulant males and females and was performed in connection with an examination of blood pressure in the population of Bergen, Norway. Special regard was paid to the influence of the specific gravity of the urine and to bacteriuria (including bacterial contamination: < 104 bacteria/ml).Specimens from males and females without previous urinary tract disorders contained ≤ 7–8 non‐disrupted erythrocytes/mm3 in approximately 95% of the cases, and this value was therefore assumed to be a suitable upper limit for “normal” counts in routine work. The number of erythrocytes was found to be lower in specimens at specific gravities below about 1.010 than above, hypotonic haemolysis being the probable cause of the difference.Correspondingly, ≤ 13 leucocytes + non‐squamous epithelial cells/mm3 were found in approximately 95% of the sterile specimens from males and females without previous urinary tract disorders. Sterile specimens from females did not contain more cells than specimens from males, but specimens with bacterial contamination contained slightly greater numbers of cells than sterile specimens. In males greater numbers of leucocytes + nonsquamous epithelial cells were recorded in specimens at high than at lower specific gravities; in females high cell counts were most frequently observed at the lower specific gravities. Less than 10 leucocytes + non‐squamous epithelial cells were recorded in about half of the specimens from individuals with bacteriuria. A definite borderline between normal and pathological counts can therefore not be established.In females bacteriuria at the level 104–105 bacteria/ml was most often observed in specimens at specific gravities ≥ 1.019. An inhibitory effect on bacterial growth in urine of high specific gravity is suggested.
DIRECT CURRENT CONVERSION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION—LONG‐TERM RESULTS
Authors: Åberg Hans , Cullhed Ingemar 
Published: August 2010

Abstract During a 4‐year period (August 1963 to September 1967) 181 patients with atrial fibrillation were treated with direct current countershock technique.The patients have been followed during 5 to 52 months. The immediate and the long‐term results are reported. The long‐term results are disappointing; only 22% of those reverted remain in sinus rhythm after one year. Factors which might influence the result are studied. Finally, indications and contraindications for conversion of atrial fibrillation are discussed.
STEROID DETERMINATIONS IN SIX CASES OF HYPERPLASIA AND THREE CASES OF TUMOUR OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Norman N. , Reksten K. R. , Vogt J. H. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A report is given of nine cases of adrenocortical hyperfunction; six of these were due to hyperplasia, two to carcinoma, and one to adenoma of the adrenal cortex. The cases were subjected to tests of ACTH stimulation, 11β‐hydroxylase inhibition with metopirone, and suppression with dexamethasone. In urine collections obtained before the tests, the following corticosteroid metabolites were determined: tetrahydro S, pregnanediol, pregnanetriol, dehydroepiandrosterone, actiocholanolone, androsterone, aldosterone, oestriol and “free” cortisol. Plasma cortisol values were obtained at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m.The experience gained in this series can be summarized as follows:Plasma cortisol determined at night is a useful screening test in suspected adrenocortical hyperfunction. The “resting” 17 ketosteroid (17‐KS) and 17‐ketogenic steroid (17‐KGS) excretion is too inclusive for this purpose, as slight elevations are seen in obesity and anxiety. The occasional adrenal adenoma may furthermore be missed. Suppression tests performed with dexamethasone and evaluated on the basis of corticosteroid determinations in plasma or urine conclude the screening procedures. The patients who remain suspect of having adrenocortical disease subsequent to the screening procedures should be investigated with as complete a set of procedures as are available. An extensive spectrum is necessary if a firm and differential diagnosis is to be made on the biochemical evidence.The ACTH stimulation has been of value in the differentiation between normal function and the excessive function of adrenal hyperplasia, but not in the distinction between hyperplasia and tumours, as the latter cases also responded with increases in output.Metopirone is very useful in differential diagnosis, particularly if supplemented with tetrahydro S determination. The tumour cases had elevated values of tetrahydro S in the “control” urine samples, and showed no increase in 17‐KS and 17‐KGS during the test.Dexamethasone, 2 mg q.i.d. reduced the urinary 17‐KS and 17‐KGS in the hyperplasia cases, but not in the tumours.The metabolites from the different “levels” of adrenocortical steroid synthesis were elevated at various degrees, and rather irregularly in the carcinoma cases. In the cortisol‐producing adenoma the urinary metabolites of adrenal androgens were excreted in subnormal amounts.
FAMILIAL SERUM CHOLESTEROL ESTER DEFICIENCY
Authors: Gjone Egil , Norum Kaare R. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Three adult sisters with only traces of esterified cholesterol in serum are reported. All had proteinuria and anemia. Elevated total cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations were present in serum of the two elder sisters. All three had decreased amounts of serum lysolecithin. None of them had symptoms of liver disease.The oldest sister, 33 years, was subjected to a thorough study. She had marked lipoid deposits in corneae, normal tonsils and normal‐sized liver and spleen. She had a marked normochromic anemia due to slight hemolysis and reduced ability to compensatory increase of red cell production. A constant proteinuria of moderate degree was present. Serum creatinine and electrolytes were normal. Liver function tests revealed no abnormalities. Serum uric acid was elevated.No α‐lipoproteins in serum could be detected by lipoprotein and immuno‐electrophoresis. Lipoprotein electro‐phoresis revealed a broad band in the β‐position with marked trailing into the chylomicron area.Foam cells were found both in the bone marrow and in the glomerular tuft of the kidney.The constellation of symptoms and findings is believed to represent a familial syndrome not previously described.
CYSTIC DISEASE OF THE RENAL MEDULLA AND ITS POSSIBLE RELATION TO JUVENILE NEPHRONOPHTHISIS
Authors: Axelsson Uno , ödlund Bertil 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A 51‐year‐old man is reported with cystic disease of the renal medulla ushered in by polyuria and weakness, followed by progressive uraemia with loss of salt and severe anaemia. The urine contained no protein and was sterile, and the sediment was normal. The specific gravity of the urine was less than 1.010. Necropsy revealed small, shrunken kidneys with medullary cysts ranging in size up to 5 mm in diameter.The diagnosis of cystic disease of the renal medulla as well as the difficulty in differentiating this disease from familial juvenile nephronophthisis is discussed. It is suggested that cystic disease of the renal medulla and familial juvenile nephronophthisis are probably the same disease, the former name being used for cases with gross cysts, the latter for those with known heredity.
THE BLOOD PRESSURE IN A REPRESENTATIVE POPULATION SAMPLE
Authors: Eilertsen E. , Humerfelt S. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A random sample of the population of Bergen, Norway, was examined in 1963/64 for blood pressure, weight and height in association with a chest X‐ray survey. The sample was made up of all individuals born on the 3rd, 13th and 23rd day of each month from 1864 to 1949, representing approximately 10% of the population 14 years of age and above, resident in Bergen on July 1, 1963. The study group comprised 8452 subjects, 3718 males and 4734 females. Of these, 8294 (98.1%) were actually examined, 7499 in survey centres and 795 in their private homes. The blood pressure measurements were carried out with a standardized technique by 19 specially trained and supervised nurses. The results have been analysed in detail with regard to observer variation. For each subject, two sphygmomanometers were used in alternating sequence; the cuff was 40 mm long and 14 cm wide.The results of the study are presented in seven figures and two tables; details are to be found in ten appendices.The systolic blood pressure was found to vary with sex and age, but very little with height, weight and pulse rate. In females, the mean values varied from 118 mm Hg in the age group 20–29 years to 171 mm at 70–79 years. In males, the mean values varied from 128 mm Hg at ages 20–29 years to 157 mm in the 40–49 year group. In the two diastolic pressures (phase 4 and phase 5) the same type of sex differences were present, but to a smaller degree. In females the mean values for the fifth phase increased from 66 to 82 mm Hg, and in males, from 69 to 82 mm. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were well correlated in all age groups of both sexes.The subjects examined in their private homes showed slightly higher blood pressure values than those attending the survey centres. The reason for this difference was investigated, but no definite explanation was found.
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF CELLS IN URINE
Authors: Gadeholt Hermod 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The Addis count, or number of cells excreted in the urine in a fixed time, has been assumed to give the best estimate in quantitative determinations. The method is based on the assumption that an inverse relationship exists between the number of cells per unit volume and the diuresis.Some of the factors involved in the procedure were studied in a material comprising 75 males without urinary tract diseases. There was no correlation between the number of erythrocytes per unit volume and the volume in which they were excreted, a slight negative correlation being found between the number of white cells per unit volume and the diuresis. This observation lends some support to the hypothesis that under normal conditions erythrocytes enter the urine through the glomeruli, white cells being sloughed off the lining of the urinary tract.In the determination of excretion rates the random variability of haemocytometer counts may cause great variations, while the diuresis, under standardized conditions, shows small variations. At high diuresis the concentration of the urine, as reflected in the specific gravities, becomes so low that hypotonic haemolysis may occur. The precision of results expressed as excretion rates is unknown, because the arithmetic applied makes it impossible to evaluate the precision of the main variable: the haemocytometer count. In the author's opinion the method ought therefore to be abandoned. The cells should be counted in 1 mm3 of urine and the result expressed as number of cells per mm3, the magnitude of the theoretical error due to the random distribution of cells in the haemocytometer being approximately known.
FAMILIAL PLASMA CHOLESTEROL ESTER DEFICIENCY
Authors: Torsvik Harald , Gjone Egil , Norum Kaare R. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Clinical and biochemical studies of three adult sisters with plasma cholesterol ester deficiency revealed that this syndrome is characterized by nearly complete deficiency of plasma cholesterol ester and α‐lipoprotein associated with marked corneal opacities, normochromic anemia, proteinuria, slight elevation of serum acid phosphatase and foam cells in the bone marrow. The two elder had a marked increase of total cholesterol, total phospholipids and triglycerides in plasma, and the eldest also an increase in serum uric acid.Clinical studies of their family showed that it enjoyed good health, and most family members have reached a high age without corneal, renal or anemic symptoms.Plasma lipid studies including cholesterol ester and fractionated phospholipid examinations failed to elucidate the heredity of the plasma cholesterol ester deficiency.
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF PROPRANOLOL (INDERAL®) AND H 56/28 (APTIN®) IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Lund‐Larsen Per G. , Sivertssen Egil 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe hemodynamic effects of propranolol (Inderal®) and H 56/28 (Aptin®) were compared in a study of 17 patients in the acute stage of myocardial infarction. Eight patients received 5 mg propranolol i. v. (group I) and the remainder 5 mg H 56/28 (group A). Cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR) and stroke index (SI) were significantly reduced after both drugs. The difference between mean CI and SI reductions in the two groups was not significant (p> 0.05), while the difference between mean HR reductions was almost significant (0.02< p> 0.05). Total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), circulation time (CT) and right atrial mean blood pressure (RAMP) increased significantly in both groups. The difference between mean TPRI, CT and RAMP increases in the two groups was not significant for TPRI (p> 0.05) but almost significant for CT and RAMP (0.01 >p< 0.05). Arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) fell almost significantly (0.02 <p< 0.05) in group I, while no change occurred in group A. Arterial diastolic and mean blood pressures did not change in either group.It is concluded that propranolol and H 56/28 have about equal effects on most of the measured parameters in patients with strong sympathetic drive. The intrinsic sympathetic stimulating action of H 5628 is not sufficient to compensate for theβ‐adrenergic receptor blocking effect of the drug in this situation. The two drugs should therefore both be considered dangerous in patients in whom augmented sympathetic drive is necessary for the maintenance of adequate cardiac contractility and rate. The tendency to bradycardia, prolonged circulation time and hypotension may be slightly less after H 56/28 than after propranolol injected intravenously in the same doses.
LACTOSE MALABSORPTION IN GREENLAND ESKIMOS
Authors: Gudmand‐Høyer E. , Jarnum Stig 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The incidence of lactose malabsorption in 32 Greenland Eskimos has been studied by means of sugar tolerance tests and, in nine cases, determination of disaccharidase activity in jejunal biopsies. Twenty‐three (72%) had lactose malabsorption. If seven Eskimos with a Danish ancestor are excluded, the incidence of lactose malabsorption is 88% (22 of 25).Lactose malabsorption seems to be a distinctive racial feature in Eskimos. Clinical signs of lactose malabsorption were rare, but so was milk consumption in general. However, clinical reactions to lactose ingestion during a lactose tolerance test were less pronounced than in lactasedeficient white patients.
BLOOD VOLUME AND EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM DURING TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION WITH GUANETHIDINE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
Authors: Rønnov‐Jessen Vagn , Hansen Jacob 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Antipressor treatment with guanethidine for 8 to 14 days produce a significant average increase in blood volume and exchangeable sodium of 382 ml (8.5%) and 210 mEq (7%), respectively.Subsequent supplementary treatment with hydrochlorothiazide resulted in a normalization of the above‐mentioned parameters both during short‐term and long‐term management.It is proposed that these effects are of importance for the continued hypotensive effect of the thiazides.
DESTRUCTION OF ERYTHROCYTES DURING EXPERIMENTAL FEVER
Authors: Karle Hans 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A simple analytical model has been worked out for quantitative assessment of temporary shifts in erythrocyte survival curves after labelling with radioactive tracers. This model was applied to 51Cr and DF32P curves from rabbits exposed to experimental fever induced by either bacterial pyrogen, heated milk or external heating in a climatic chamber. Thereby a quantitative expression of the fever‐induced erythrocyte destruction was obtained.In all three methods for elevating the body temperature experimentally the studies showed an increased loss of activity during the fever, either in terms of the slope of the curve segment concerned with fever compared to the pre‐or post‐febrile periods or in terms of the deviation of the observed curves from the expected, spontaneous course in the rabbit. The maximum loss occurred soon after the initiation of fever, and prolongation of the fever period did not cause a continued increase in the destruction of the labelled erythrocytes. A certain correlation was found between the initial action of heat and the magnitude of the erythrocyte destruction.After the cessation of a short‐lasting period of fever the tracer curve again approached the expected spontaneous course, explained by an age‐dependent variation in the heat susceptibility of the erythrocytes. By using the age‐distribution function for rabbit erythrocytes, an explanation of the demonstrated differences in the simultaneous changes in radioactivity and haemoglobin or PCV is attempted.It is concluded that elevated body temperature shortens the mean survival time of the red cells. The average reduction of the red cell mass in the present study was about 15% and the maximum loss about 35%.
RENAL EXCRETION OF LOW AND HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP) IN PATIENTS WITH PROTEINURIA
Authors: Arisz L. , Hazenberg B. P. , van Zanten A. , Mandema E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The renal excretion of two types of PVP, with low and high molecular weight (LMW‐PVP and HMW‐PVP), has been investigated in normal subjects and in patients with proteinuria due to primary renal disease. A significant excretion was found also of HMW‐PVP.The patients with proteinuria had a slower excretion of PVP than the control subjects. During the first hours after injection the quantity of PVP in the urine was much less in the patients. This quantity correlated positively with the creatinine clearance.It seems probable that initially the smaller molecules of the PVP sample are excreted and that this excretion is mainly dependent upon the GFR. In a later phase excretion in the patients was on a relatively higher level than in the controls. This may be due both to increased glomerular permeability for the larger PVP molecules and to a longer serum half‐life of PVP.Protein clearances were carried out concurrently, which made it possible to divide the patients into a selective and a non‐selective type of proteinuria. The mean ratio LMW‐PVP/HMW‐PVP in the non‐selective group was different from the selective group and from the control group. No difference was found in PVP permeability between the selective group and the control group. It is concluded that this PVP ratio may demonstrate differences in glomerular permeability between groups of patients. However with the testing material used in this study, the overlap is too large for determination of selectivity in individual cases.
INFLUENCE OF GASTRECTOMY ON LEUCOCYTES IN BLOOD DURING EXERCISE IN TUBERCULOUS PATIENTS
Authors: Hanngren Ake , Strandell Tore 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The leucocyte count of capillary finger blood determined at rest and during a 30 min exercise period in 13 gastrectomized and 9 non‐gastrectomized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is reported.The increase with exercise of polynuclear and of total number of leucocytes was less (p < 0.05) in the group of gastrectomized patients. No relationships of significance could be observed between different absorption tests and the increase of leucocytes in blood with exercise in this material.The number of leucocytes in blood at rest and during exercise was correlated (p < 0.05) with the concentration of gammaglobulins in blood and the tuberculin reactivity of the patients: those with weak reactivity and low gammaglobulin concentrations and low leucocyte values.
NORMAL AND LEUKEMIC CELL PRODUCTION IN MAN1
Authors: Reizenstein Peter , Werner Bengt 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. It is conceivable that the effect of a tumor, e.g., leukemia, upon the host depends as much on the total production of tumor cells as on their proliferation rate. For this reason an analysis of the human production rate of normal and leukemic cells was based on the in vivo 3H‐thymidine‐labeling‐index variations found by Bond et al., and on thoracic duct drainage in patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia. Only three subjects were studied, none of them quite healthy, and several assumptions had to be made. However, the methods of analysis described may be of use.It is calculated that proerythroblasts divide most often—every five hours—and most quickly. With increasing maturity the proliferation rate appears to decrease; polychromatic erythroblasts divide only once in eight hours, and every division takes half an hour. Of the former cells 51 times 109, of the latter 2.0 times 1011, are formed daily. In healthy persons the production may be somewhat smaller and times longer. Assuming that some animal data on the distribution and life span of lymphocytes can be extrapolated to man, the very tentative figure that lymphocytes recirculate from blood to lymph nodes and hack to blood about twice is obtained.In normal persons some 4 times 109 lymphocytes enter the blood daily via the thoracic duct, whereas in leukemia some 4 times 1010 enter. Even if the leukemic lymphocytes did not recirculate at all and this latter figure equalled the real lymphocyte production in leukemia, it would be smaller than the production of normal orthochromatic erythroblasts. Even in these advanced cases of leukemia, accordingly, the total production of tumor cells appears to be small when compared to the total production of normal bone marrow cells.Thoracic duct drainage, like extra‐corporeal radiation, removes some 1010 lymphocytes daily, or about one daily production, and causes lymph nodes to decrease, but unfortunately does not seem to improve the clinical condition of the patients.
IRON DEFICIENCY IN WOMEN OF FERTILE AGE IN A SWEDISH COMMUNITY
Authors: Garby Lars , Irnell Lars , Werner Ivar 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Observations on haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, serum iron, serum iron binding capacity and serum iron saturation were made before and after three months of supplementation of iron and placebo to respectively 121 and 63 apparently healthy women of fertile age.A significant change in the observed parameters was defined on the basis of the changes in the placebo group. Such a change in one or several of the parameters was observed in about 30% of the women receiving iron.The property of the observed changes to be predicted from initial values was investigated; and it was found that a change in haemoglobin, or, equally well, in packed cell volume was the most predictable change.The best predictor for the change in haemoglobin, or packed cell volume, was found to be the initial value of the parameter itself. A slightly better prediction was obtained by a linear combination of the initial values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and serum iron saturation.