bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of shock absorption capacities of three types of mouthguards: A comparative in vitro study
Authors: Arfi Yohan , Benoit Aurélie , Tapie Laurent , Sandoz Baptiste , Persohn Sylvain , Attal Jean‐Pierre , Rignon‐Bret Christophe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground/Aim3D printing processes can be used to manufacture custom‐made mouthguards for sports activities. Few studies have compared the impact performance of industrial‐created mouthguards with that of custom‐made mouthguards manufactured by thermoforming or 3D printing. The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the shock absorption capacities of custom‐made mouthguards manufactured by 3D printing with industrial mouthguards and thermoformed ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguards.Materials and MethodsFor each type of mouthguard, eight samples were produced. 3D‐printed mouthguards were manufactured using digital light processing technology. Each mouthguard was subjected to an impact performance test defined by the standard AFNOR XP S72‐427, which evaluate maximum deceleration and force transmitted during impact. The thickness of each mouthguard before and after a series of five impacts was measured at the impacted inter‐incisal area.ResultsThe mean maximum decelerations during impact ranged from 129 to 189 g for industrial mouthguards, 287 to 425 g for thermoformed EVA mouthguards, and 277 to 302 g for 3D‐printed mouthguards. The mean reduction in mouthguard thickness at the impact zone after five tests was 1.2 mm for industrial mouthguards, 0.6 mm for 3D‐printed mouthguards, and 2.2 mm for thermoformed EVA mouthguards.ConclusionsCustom‐made 3D printed mouthguards showed slightly better shock absorption ability than thermoformed mouthguards with respect to the indicator proposed in XP S72‐427. They seemed to combine the practical advantages of thermoformed mouthguards in sports with better shock absorption capacity and lower cost. Furthermore, they had the least thickness variation during the test, and their shock absorption capacity was the least affected by repeated mechanical tests. Other types of 3D‐printing resin materials that will become available must continue to be tested for shock absorption to provide the best protection to users at low cost.
Reliability of information in YouTube™ videos on types of root resorption and related stimulating factors
Authors: Cagay Sevencan Gülçin , Erener Hande 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground/AimRoot resorption occurs for various reasons and can also be seen as a treatment complication in orthodontics. This study aimed to assess the reliability and quality of YouTube™ videos on root resorption and to assess whether the videos referred to orthodontic treatment and other stimulation factors.Materials and MethodsYouTube was searched using the keyword ‘root resorption’, which is the most searched term on Google Trends. The first 200 videos identified using the default filter ‘sort by relevance’ were used. Information such as the source, type, duration, and number of likes were recorded. Videos were analyzed using a 23‐point content scale related to root resorption and divided into groups (poor, moderate, and excellent) based on the Global Quality Score.ResultsA total of 95 videos were included in the study. Most were uploaded by dentists or dental clinics (n = 64, 67.4%). The mean number of days since upload was 1536 ± 1254, and the mean duration was 5 ± 4 min. The videos had a mean of 80 ± 515 likes and 7043 ± 35,382 views, and a mean viewing rate of 1131.71 ± 8736.83. The most discussed topic was radiographic signs of root resorption. While the highest content score for the videos was 21, the average score was only 4. The mean GQS was 2 ± 1. Grouping videos by GQS showed that 55 (57.9%) were poor, 38 (40%) were moderate, and 2 (2.1%) were excellent. There was a significant relationship between videos that mentioned orthodontics (n = 62; 65.3%) and higher GQS (p = .036), and a significant difference was between GQS groups for total content levels (p < .001).ConclusionsYouTube videos related to root resorption lack sufficient information and clarity, and their quality needs to be improved. Oral health professionals should strive to produce higher‐quality videos.
Herbicide changes the role of body condition in mating interactions of a wolf spider but courtship is primarily affected by female immunity
Authors: Godfrey Jake A. , Culbertson Katrina , Archdeacon Megan , Rypstra Ann L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnimals that live in human‐impacted landscapes experience an onslaught of novel stimuli that may interfere with natural communication pathways. During mating, this interference may alter the criteria deployed to assess potential mates as males and females find they must shift their focus and emphasize alternative sensory modalities. The wolf spider, Tigrosa helluo (Araneae, Lycosidae) is common in agricultural fields where commercial formulations of herbicides with glyphosate as the active ingredient are regularly applied. With the development of genetically resistant crops, glyphosate‐based herbicides have become among the most widely used and heavily applied agricultural chemicals in the world. In a laboratory experiment, we explored the effects of this herbicide on male—female interactions during courtship, mating, and sexual cannibalism. We expected that it might impact assessment such that there was a shift in the features that were important to the outcome of mating interactions. When herbicide was present, female body condition, an indication of recent feeding success, became important to mating success. This result was, in part, due to higher rates of sexual cannibalism in parings of males and females with low body condition values. The leg raises and pedipalp waves that males perform in courtship were not affected by herbicide nor were they related to mating success but, across all treatments, they were negatively correlated with lytic activity of females as measured just prior to pairing. This result indicates that males detected this aspect of the female's physiology and that a strong immune response made the female less attractive, possibly because it indicated a current or recent infection. Taken together, these results verify that a common herbicide shifts mating criteria used by an agribiont spider and, separate from the herbicide, the immune status of females affects the reactions of courting males.
Insight into the role of IRF7 in skin and connective tissue diseases
Authors: Wang Lian , Yang Fengjuan , Ye Jing , Zhang Lu , Jiang Xian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterferons (IFNs) are signalling proteins primarily involved in initiating innate immune responses against pathogens and promoting the maturation of immune cells. Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7) plays a pivotal role in the IFNs signalling pathway. The activation process of IRF7 is incited by exogenous or abnormal nucleic acids, which is followed by the identification via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the ensuing signalling cascades. Upon activation, IRF7 modulates the expression of both IFNs and inflammatory gene regulation. As a multifunctional transcription factor, IRF7 is mainly expressed in immune cells, yet its presence is also detected in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and various dermal cell types. In these cells, IRF7 is critical for skin immunity, inflammation, and fibrosis. IRF7 dysregulation may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions, including systemic scleroderma (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Atopic dermatitis (AD) and Psoriasis. This comprehensive review aims to extensively elucidate the role of IRF7 and its signalling pathways in immune cells and keratinocytes, highlighting its significance in skin‐related and connective tissue diseases.
Effects on peripheral and central nervous system of key inflammatory intercellular signalling peptides and proteins in psoriasis
Authors: Tang Jue , Zhao Siqi , Shi Huijuan , Li Xuan , Ran Liwei , Cao Jiali , He Yanling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory cutaneous disease. Where the immune system plays an important role in its pathogenesis, with key inflammatory intercellular signalling peptides and proteins including IL‐17 and IL‐23. The psychoneurological system also figures prominently in development of psoriasis. There is a high prevalence of comorbidity between psoriasis and mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety and mania. Patients with psoriasis often suffer from pathological pain in the lesions, and their neurological accidents could improve the lesions in innervated areas. The immune system and the psychoneurological system interact closely in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Patients with psoriasis exhibit abnormal levels of neuropeptides both in circulating and localized lesion, acting as immunomodulators involved in the inflammatory response. Moreover, receptors for inflammatory factors are expressed in both peripheral and central nervous systems (CNSs), suggesting that nervous system can receive and be influenced by signals from immune system. Key inflammatory intercellular signalling peptides and proteins in psoriasis, such as IL‐17 and IL‐23, can be involved in sensory signalling and may affect synaptic plasticity and the blood–brain barrier of CNS through the circulation. This review provides an overview of the multiple effects on the peripheral and CNS under conditions of systemic inflammation in psoriasis, providing a framework and inspiration for in‐depth studies of neuroimmunomodulation in psoriasis.
Effects of mean stress on the fatigue properties of core‐in‐sheath‐type carbon/glass hybrid thermoplastic composite rods: Experimental investigation and practical predictive method
Authors: Oguma Hiroyuki , Naito Kimiyoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA systematic acquisition of fatigue test data was conducted under different stress ratio conditions to investigate the effect of mean stress on the fatigue properties of carbon/glass hybrid thermoplastic composite rods. Our findings revealed that as the stress ratio increased with a higher mean stress, the stress dependency of the fatigue life also increased, and the slope of the S‐N curve became gentler. Under identical stress ratio conditions, hybrid rods with a greater volume fraction of carbon fiber exhibited the highest strength and a more gradual slope of the S‐N curve. To account for mean stress effects, an equivalent stress amplitude was introduced, resulting in data collapse at around 107 cycles, rendering this approach an industrially useful method to predict fatigue behavior when working with limited experimental datasets. This study presents a practical technique for estimating fatigue strength under mean stress through a weighted average efficiency and equivalent stress amplitude.
Helicobacter pylori infection found during upper endoscopy performed for the diagnosis of celiac, inflammatory bowel diseases, and eosinophilic esophagitis: A multicenter pediatric European study
Authors: Kotilea Kallirroi , Romano Claudio , Miele Erasmo , Kindermann Angelika , Dolstra Yael , Misak Zrinjka , Urbonas Vaidotas , Sykora Josef , Urruzuno Pedro , Krauthammer Alexander , Rogalidou Maria , Dimakou Konstantina , Zangen Tsili , Roma Eleftheria , Zellos Aglaia , Cilleruelo María Luz , M'Rini Meline , Bontems Patrick , Sahin Yasin , Tavares Marta , Shahinyan Tatevik , Vuletic Biljana , Kalach Nicolas , Kori Michal ,   the ESPGHAN H. pylori special interest group
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori may be found during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) performed to diagnose celiac disease (CeD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We aimed to describe the frequency of H. pylori in children undergoing UGE for CeD, IBD, and EoE and the number of children receiving eradication treatment.Materials and MethodsA retrospective multicenter study from 14 countries included pediatric patients diagnosed with CeD, IBD, and EoE between January 2019 and December 2021. Data collected: age, gender, hematologic parameters, endoscopic, histologic, and H. pylori culture results, and information on eradication treatment.ResultsH. pylori was identified in 349/3890 (9%) children [167 (48%) male, median 12 years (interquartile range 8.1–14.6)]. H. pylori was present in 10% (173/1733) CeD, 8.5% (110/1292) IBD and 7.6% (66/865) EoE patients (p = NS). The prevalence differed significantly between Europe (Eastern 5.2% (28/536), Southern 3.8% (78/2032), Western 5.6% (28/513)) and the Middle East 26.6% (215/809) [odds ratio (OR) 7.96 95% confidence interval (CI) (6.31–10.1) p < 0.0001]. Eradication treatment was prescribed in 131/349 (37.5%) patients, 34.6% CeD, 35.8% IBD, and 56.1% EoE. Predictors for recommending treatment included erosions/ulcers [OR 6.45 95% CI 3.62–11.47, p < 0.0001] and nodular gastritis [OR 2.25 95% CI 1.33–3.81, p 0.003]. Treatment rates were higher in centers with a low H. pylori prevalence (<20%) [OR 3.36 95% CI 1.47–7.66 p 0.004].ConclusionsIdentifying H. pylori incidentally during UGE performed for the most common gastrointestinal diseases varies significantly among regions but not among diseases. The indications for recommending treatment are not well defined, and less than 40% of children received treatment.
Nationwide survey ofHelicobacter pyloriseropositivity and gastric atrophy in Zambia
Authors: Kayamba Violet , Munshi Husna , Hankolwe Mutinta Nyama , Kaluba Kavimba Ciluvya , Chongwe Gershom , Knaze Viktoria , Park Jin Young , Kelly Paul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori)is a common bacterial infection which predominately drives upper gastrointestinal pathology. We carried out a nationwide serological survey in response to the deficiency of robust African data onH. pyloriprevalence, age of acquisition, socio‐geographic determinants, and impact on gastric physiology.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of archival plasma samples collected during the Zambia Population‐based HIV impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA) 2016 survey. ZAMPHIA used a two‐stage door‐to‐door stratified cluster sample approach to collect samples from adults and children from age 0 to 59 years (n = 24,266). We randomly retrieved one fifth of these samples from each of Zambia's 10 provinces and used ELISA to test forH. pyloriIgG antibodies, pepsinogen 1 and 2 and gastrin‐17. A pepsinogen 1:2 ratio of <3 was used to define gastric atrophy.ResultsThe analysis of 4050 plasma samples (30% <16 years, 53% females) revealed an overallH. pyloriseroprevalence of 79%. By the age of 10 years, more than 75% of the children hadH. pylori. Urban residence was associated with increased odds (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.2,p < 0.001) and HIV infection was associated with reduced odds (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9,p = 0.02) ofH. pyloriseropositivity. Gastric atrophy was detected in 6% ofH. pyloriseropositive adults below 45 years of age and 9% in those between 45 and 59 years.ConclusionsWe have confirmed a high prevalence ofH. pyloriseropositivity in Zambia, predominantly in urban settings. The prevalence of gastric atrophy is broadly consistent with other populations around the globe, but our sample did not include adults over 60 years.
Third space professionals and undergraduate teaching – A comparative study in China, the United Kingdom and Canada
Authors: Feng Kaiyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research explores the emerging position of teaching professionals in research universities through the framework of ‘third space professionals’. The third space is described as an overlapping space between the professional and academic domains in university and usually staff who are neither traditional academics nor traditional professionals work in this space and considered as the third space professionals. This research is achieved through three case studies, each in China, the United Kingdom and Canada. By investigating the role and positioning of teaching professionals in higher education, this research provides empirical evidence supporting the existence of the third space for professionals in higher education. The findings show that the responsibilities of the teaching professionals are relatively similar at each university, mainly including training academics and supporting curriculum development. However, their positioning in the university and value in supporting teaching and learning can be influenced by their relationship with academics. Universities’ expectations of teaching professionals play an important role in shaping their collective identities. By proposing a three‐dimensional space model for higher education, this research builds on previous studies on the higher education space and offers an alternate framework for interpreting higher education space and analysing university staffing.
CMAS corrosion resistance of scandia, ceria, yttria‐stabilized zirconia ceramic
Authors: Aflaki Mina , Davar Fatemeh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSc2O3–CeO2–Y2O3– stabilized zirconia (ScCeYSZ) nanoparticles with different percentages of stabilizer agents [sample1: 1.8 wt.% (Sc2O3) 8.3 wt.% (CeO2) 1.9 wt.% (Y2O3), sample 2: 1.1 wt.% (Sc2O3) 9.0 wt.% (CeO2) 1.9 wt.% (Y2O3), sample 3: .5 wt.% (Sc2O3) 9.6 wt.% (CeO2) 1.9 wt.% (Y2O3) stabilized zirconia] were synthesized with Pechini method and consolidated by spark plasma sintered method. The results showed that despite the [(sample)1: 1.8 wt.% (Sc2O3) 8.3 wt.% (CeO2) 1.9 wt.% (Y2O3)] had lower density and higher porosity percentage compared to other samples, it had better calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate (CMAS) corrosion resistance compared to other samples and the yttria‐stabilized zirconia nanopowders (nano‐YSZ) sample. It was due to the higher acidic nature and tetragonality of the (sample)1 sintered body compared to other samples and YSZ ceramic in the CMAS corrosive medium. Moreover, the results of phase and microstructural analysis following CMAS corrosion revealed the formation of the monoclinic phase and rod‐shaped CaAl2Si2O8 particles on the surface of the sampled sintered sample. However, the nano‐YSZ sample corroded homogenously and delamination occurred after the CMAS corrosion test.
Factors contributing to the clinical effectiveness of imeglimin monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hagi Katsuhiko , Kochi Kenji , Watada Hirotaka , Kaku Kohei , Ueki Kohjiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the effect of patient characteristics on imeglimin effectiveness in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsData were pooled from two randomized, placebo‐controlled, 24‐week, double‐blind studies of imeglimin monotherapy in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the proportion of responders (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] < 7.0%) and sustained responders (i.e., achieved and maintained response) in the imeglimin 1,000 mg twice daily group calculated at each visit. Patient factors significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with response were explored through multivariate logistic regression. Subgroup analyses compared the efficacy of imeglimin in patients with a HbA1c improvement less than or equal to −0.3% (early responders) versus greater than −0.3% (early non‐responders) at week 4.ResultsA total of 38.0% of imeglimin‐treated patients and 7.2% of placebo‐treated patients were responders (P < 0.001, number needed to treat = 4). The proportion of sustained responders at weeks 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 was 10.6, 19.0, 24.0, 25.7 and 29.1%, respectively (>70% of responders at each visit). Improvements in HbA1c and fasting glucose were significantly greater in early responders versus early non‐responders from week 4; between‐group differences remained significant to week 24. Older age (odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.14; P < 0.001); treatment‐naïve status vs previous treatment (odds ratio 3.70, 95% confidence interval 1.55–8.82; P = 0.003), and lower baseline HbA1c (odds ratio 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.16; P < 0.001) predicted response.ConclusionsA significantly higher proportion of patients receiving imeglimin 1,000 mg twice daily monotherapy were responders versus placebo. Most (>70%) were sustained responders, suggesting that response is fairly predictable. Older age, treatment‐naïve status and early treatment response significantly predicted imeglimin effectiveness.
Facial and ocular thermal mapping in black‐and‐gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) by infrared thermography: An ex situ study
Authors: da Costa André Luiz Mota , Silva Maraya Lincoln , Caiaffa Mayara Grego , Matos Flora Nogueira , Gonzaga Cássia Regina Ramos , de Fátima Sallum Leandro Shamira , de Medeiros Marina Alvarado , Teixeira Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello , Teixeira Carlos Roberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study used infrared thermography (IRT) for mapping the facial and ocular temperatures of howler monkeys, to determine parameters for the diagnosis of febrile processes. There are no published IRT study in this species.MethodsWere evaluated images of a group of monkeys kept under human care at Sorocaba Zoo (São Paulo, Brazil). The images were recorded during 1 year, in all seasons. Face and eye temperatures were evaluated.ResultsThere are statistically significant differences in face and eye temperatures. Mean values and standard deviations for facial and ocular temperature were respectively: 33.0°C (2.1) and 36.5°C (1.9) in the summer; 31.5°C (4.5) and 35.3°C (3.6) in the autumn; 30.0°C (4.3) and 35.6°C (3.9) in the winter; 30.8°C (2.9) and 35.5°C (2.1) in the spring.ConclusionsThe IRT was effective to establish a parameter for facial and ocular temperatures of black‐and‐gold howler monkeys kept under human care.
Biocompatibility profile of aged pigmented and non‐pigmented silicone elastomer for combined maxillofacial defects
Authors: Saleh Eman M. , Mohamed Faten S. , Mehanna Radwa A. , Essawy Marwa M. , Soliman Ingy S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the biocompatibility of platinum silicone elastomer A‐2000 used in combined maxillofacial defects prosthesis, after being deteriorated by an accelerated aging process resembling both the extra and intraoral environment. This assessment was done indirectly on human‐derived dermal and gingival tissues.Materials and MethodsOne hundred eight samples of room‐temperature vulcanized A‐2000 platinum silicone were equally divided into extrinsically pigmented and non‐pigmented groups to replicate combined maxillofacial defects. Accelerated aging was applied to pigmented samples to mimic extra‐ and intra‐oral conditions, while non‐aged counterparts served as controls. After isolating human cell lineages, dermal and gingival fibroblasts were indirectly exposed to silicone sample media. Cytotoxicity to cultured fibroblasts was assessed via MTT assay. Statistical significance was determined by repeated measures of one‐way ANOVA (p < 0.01), evaluating cytotoxicity on dermal and gingival fibroblasts.ResultsMTT assay showed increased cytotoxicity in pigmented silicon samples subjected to extraoral aging compared to non‐aged counterparts (p < 0.01). Non‐pigmented silicon, modeling intraoral conditions, exhibited cytotoxicity after 48 h (p < 0.05). Both aged and non‐aged silicon extracts equally sensitized gingival fibroblasts at 72 h (p < 0.001). Negative correlations between pigmented and non‐pigmented silicon were observed in dermal cell growth (p > 0.05, except at 24 h, r = 0.2), with accelerated aging showing minimal impact on the pigmentation effect (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe retrieved diminished cellular metabolic activity of platinum silicone elastomer was in an acceptable clinical range, pointing out the importance of periodic assessments of the maxillofacial prosthesis for replacement depending on aging and cytotoxic harmful cellular responses.