bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated reading and vocabulary‐previewing interventions to improve fluency and comprehension for struggling high‐school readers
Authors: Hawkins Renee O. , Hale Andrea , Sheeley Wesley , Ling Stacy 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUsing an adapted alternating treatments design, this study compared the effects of two intervention conditions on the reading fluency, comprehension, and comprehension rate of six high‐school students reading below grade level. Students were repeatedly exposed to repeated reading (RR), repeated reading and vocabulary previewing (RR + VP), and no intervention control conditions. Dependent variables were assessed at the end of experimental sessions by using practiced passages. Both interventions had positive effects on reading performance as compared to the control condition. Results indicated that the RR + VP condition led to the greatest improvements in reading fluency for all participants. The RR + VP condition led to the highest reading comprehension levels for three participants, and the RR + VP and RR conditions resulted in similar comprehension levels for the other three participants. For five participants, reading comprehension rate was greatest under the RR + VP condition. Discussion focuses on future directions for research on reading interventions for high‐school students. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social support and survival in young women with breast carcinoma
Authors: Chou Ann F. , Stewart Susan L. , Wild Robert C. , Bloom Joan R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPurpose: Although previous evidence has shown increased likelihood for survival in cancer patients who have social support, little is known about changes in social support during illness and their impact on survival. This study examines the relationship between social support and survival among women diagnosed with breast carcinoma, specifically assessing the effect of network size and changes in social contact post‐diagnosis.Methods: A population‐based sample of 584 women was followed for up to 12.5 years (median follow‐up = 10.3 years). The mean age at diagnosis was 44 years, 81% were married, and 29% were racial/ethnic minorities. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate survival as a function of social support (changes in social contact and the size of social support), disease severity, treatment, health status, and socio‐demographic factors.Results: Fifty‐four percent of the women had local and 44% had regional stage disease. About 53% underwent mastectomy, 68% received chemotherapy, and 55% had radiation. Regression results showed that disease stage, estrogen receptor status, and mastectomy were associated with greater risk of dying. Although network size was not related to survival, increased contact with friends/family post‐diagnosis was associated with lower risk of death, with a hazard ratio of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.17–0.57).Conclusion: Findings from this study have identified an important aspect of a woman's social network that impacts survival. An increase in the amount of social contact, representing greater social support, may increase the likelihood of the women's survival by enhancing their coping skills, providing emotional support, and expanding opportunities for information‐sharing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Films Deposited by an RF Plasma Reactor
Authors: Lucero Adrianne E. , Reed Jamie A. , Wu Xiaomei , Canavan Heather E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM) undergoes a sharp property change in response to a moderate thermal stimulus at physiologic temperatures. In this work, we constructed a radio frequency (RF) plasma reactor for the plasma polymerization of pNIPAM. RF deposition is a method that coats surfaces of any geometry producing surfaces that are sterile and uniform, making this technique useful for forming biocompatible films. The films generated are characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angles, cell culture, and interferometry. We find that a plasma with a decreasing series of power settings (i.e., from 100 to 1 W) at a pressure of 140 mTorr yields the most favorable results. magnified image
Cardiorespiratory measurements during field tests in CF: Use of an ambulatory monitoring system
Authors: Bradley Judy M. , Kent Lisa , O'Neill Brenda , Nevill Alan , Boyle Lesley , Elborn J. Stuart 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRespiratory inductive plethysmography (e.g., LifeShirt) may offer in‐depth study of the cardiorespiratory responses during field exercise tests. The aims of this study were to assess the reliability, discriminate validity, and responsiveness of cardiorespiratory measurements recorded by the LifeShirt during field exercise tests in adults with CF. To assess reliability and discriminate validity, participants with CF and stable lung disease and healthy participants performed the 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Modified Shuttle Test (MST) on two occasions. To assess responsiveness, participants with CF experiencing an exacerbation performed the 6MWT at the start and end of an admission for intravenous antibiotics. The LifeShirt was worn during all exercise tests. Reliability and discriminate validity were assessed in 18 participants with CF (mean (SD) age: 26 (10) years; FEV1 %predicted: 69.2 (23)%) and 18 healthy participants (age: 24 (5) years, FEV1 %predicted: 92 (8)%). There was no difference in 6MWT and MST performance between days and reliability of cardiorespiratory measures was acceptable (bias: P > 0.05; CV < 10%). Participants with CF demonstrated a significantly greater response to exercise (e.g., ventilation, respiratory rate) compared to healthy participants indicating discriminate validity. Responsiveness was assessed in 12 participants with CF: clinical measurements and 6MWT performance improved (61 (81) min; P < 0.05) however, cardiorespiratory measurements recorded by the LifeShirt remained the same (bias: P > 0.05; CV < 10%). This study provides evidence that cardiorespiratory responses can be measured non‐invasively during field exercise tests in adults with CF. Reliability and discriminate validity of key cardiorespiratory measurements recorded by the LifeShirt were demonstrated. Some information on responsiveness is reported. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:253–260. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension with simvastatin: An observational study
Authors: King Wilson T. , Day Ronald W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundAnimal studies and an adult human case series suggest that statins may have a role in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. We reviewed the results of empirical therapy for children at Primary Children's Medical Center to determine whether simvastatin had a favorable effect on non‐invasive estimates of pulmonary arterial pressure.Materials and MethodsThe medical records of children with pulmonary hypertension who were treated with simvastatin were reviewed. Mean measurements of the gradient of tricuspid valve regurgitation before and after treatment were compared by a paired t‐test. A favorable response to simvastatin was defined as a 20% decrease in the average measurement of the gradient of tricuspid valve regurgitation or a 20% decrease in right ventricular anterior wall thickness when tricuspid valve regurgitation resolved during treatment. Potential factors associated with a favorable response to simvastatin were identified with a Fisher exact test.ResultsTwelve children, 4–15 years of age, had adequate Doppler velocity waveforms to reliably measure gradients of tricuspid valve regurgitation during a period of 1 year before treatment. Eleven patients had gradients of tricuspid valve regurgitation that could be measured during a period of 1 year after treatment. Patients were treated with simvastatin 0.09–0.28 mg/kg/day. Collectively, there was no difference between the average measurements of the gradient of tricuspid valve regurgitation before and after treatment (66 ± 21 mmHg vs. 63 ± 28 mmHg). Three of the five patients with clinical findings consistent with alveolar hypoxia and none of the seven patients without clinical findings consistent with alveolar hypoxia had a favorable response to treatment with simvastatin (P = 0.05).ConclusionSimvastatin may decrease pulmonary arterial pressure in a subset of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:261–265. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastro‐esophageal reflux in early childhood wheezers
Authors: Patra Soumya , Singh Varinder , Chandra Jagdish , Kumar Praveen , Tripathi Madhvi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWheezing is common among infants and young children due to peculiar anatomical and physiological properties of their lungs. Gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GER) has been incriminated as one of the cause of non‐asthmatic wheezing in this age group. The present study evaluates the magnitude of GER and its causal relationship with wheezing in early childhood. All recurrent and persistent wheezers (under two years) were investigated for GER and treated medically where tests were positive. The subjects were further profiled to identify any predictors for GER. Sixty‐seven children of less than 2 years age with recurrent or persistent wheezing were evaluated for GER. Mean age of the study subjects at enrolment was 10.8 months and at onset of wheezing was 7.1 (± 3.8 S.D) months. Asthma and wheeze associated lower respiratory tract infection (WALRI) was diagnosed in about 1/3 each of the patients studied. GER studies were positive in over one‐third (25/67) of cases. Forty‐two percent of children who wheezed by 1 year of age had a positive GER study. Interestingly, nearly half (12/25) of the patients with an abnormal study did not have any clinical suggestion of regurgitation (“silent” GERs). The severity of wheezing was higher among those who had GER versus those who did not (p ≤ 0.048; OR: 3.2). However, only 32% patients showed significant response to anti reflux treatment alone while others had partial response. GER, therefore, is an important cause for recurrent wheezing among children less than 2 years of age, either singularly or as a co‐morbidity. The study findings justify investigations for GER among early wheezers; particularly for those who have onset of symptoms by 12 months of age or those who have severe disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:272–277. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of age and gender on adherence to infection control guidelines and medical regimens in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Masterson Tracy Loye , Wildman Beth G. , Newberry Benjamin H. , Omlor Gregory J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRationaleThe goal of the present research was to examine the impact of age and gender on adherence to both infection control (IC) guidelines and traditional medical treatments in a cystic fibrosis (CF) population. Adherence behaviors are consistently suboptimal in chronic illness populations, particularly pulmonary diseases; understanding the factors related to adherence behaviors in CF can aid in the development of interventions to promote adherence.MethodParticipants consisted of 74 individuals with CF ages 9 years and above. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires designed to assess demographic data, treatment adherence, and health beliefs.ResultsWith respect to IC guidelines, chi‐square analyses revealed significant age differences in adherence behaviors such that the young adult subsample was least adherent to IC (χ2 = 15.10, df = 6, P = 0.020). Next, a 4 (age: child, adolescent, young adult, adult) × 2 (gender) completely between subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on medical treatment adherence. There was a significant main effect for age [F(3, 65) = 2.940, P = 0.040, ηP2 = 0.119] indicating that the adolescent subsample had the most adherence challenges. Gender was nonsignificant across both adherence types.ConclusionsStudy findings are suggestive of age‐related differences in adherence behaviors across both IC and medical regimens and support the use of developmentally sensitive approaches to assessment and interventions addressing adherence. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:295–301. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children: A tale of inflammatory cascades
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rakesh , Kim Jinkwan , Kheirandish‐Gozal Leila , Gozal David 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObesity has emerged as one of the most prevalent diseases in the western hemisphere, and its prevalence continues to increase. Obese children are at increased risk for several disorders, particularly affecting the cardiovascular and metabolic systems. The mechanisms leading to obesity‐related morbidities are likely multifactorial, and include activation of inflammatory pathways ultimately leading to end‐organ injury. Furthermore, the concurrent presence of obesity and other diseases facilitated by increased fat deposition poses a theoretical risk of accentuating obesity‐related complications. One of the conditions whose prevalence is increased by obesity in childhood is the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS in non‐obese children may lead to co‐morbidities that are not only remarkably similar to those associated with obesity but recruit similar inflammatory mechanisms as those activated by obesity, suggesting that the two disorders may amplify each other and synergistically augment the magnitude of their respective adverse consequences. The objective of this review is to critically review the effects of both obesity and OSAS in inducing systemic inflammation in children and will examine the latest evidence pertaining to the up‐regulation of specific inflammatory mediators. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:313–323. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methacholine‐induced lung function changes measured with infant body plethysmography
Authors: Malmberg L. Pekka , von Wright Lauri , Kotaniemi‐Syrjänen Anne , Malmström Kristiina , Pelkonen Anna S. , Mäkelä Mika J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeveral techniques have been applied to measure airway responsiveness (AR) in infants, but there are limited data on lung function changes measured by body plethysmography during induced bronchoconstriction. The aim of this study was to compare changes in maximum forced expiratory flow measured at functional residual capacity (V'maxFRC) by rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RTC) technique with plethysmographic measurements of specific airway conductance (sGaw), and to investigate whether changes in functional residual capacity (FRC) occur during methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction in infants. We examined 94 infants with recurrent airway symptoms using methacholine airway challenge test including RTC and plethysmographic measurements. A significant association between changes in V'maxFRC and sGaw (r = 0.30; P = 0.004) was observed, but after adjustments with baseline variability the changes in V'maxFRC were greater and showed a closer association with changes in oxygen saturation. At the point of maximal airway obstruction, there was a poor agreement between V'maxFRC and sGaw to indicate a significant methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction. Airway challenge was also associated with a significant increase in FRC (P < 0.001), with decreasing V'maxFRC. We conclude that in infants undergoing airway challenge with methacholine, plethysmographic measurements of sGaw correlate with the changes in VmaxFRC, but the agreement is poor and the methods cannot be used interchangeably. VmaxFRC is also more sensitive to detect airway obstruction than sGaw. However, methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction was associated with significant increases in FRC, which may affect the validity of VmaxFRC measurements during the test. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:362–368. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anomaly mediation in superstring theory
Authors: Conlon J.P. , Goodsell M. , Palti E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe study anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking in type IIB string theory and use our results to test the supergravity formula for anomaly mediated gaugino masses. We compute 1‐loop gaugino masses for models of D3‐branes on orbifold singularities with 3‐form fluxes by calculating the annulus correlator of 3‐form flux and two gauginos in the zero momentum limit. Consistent with supergravity expectations we find both anomalous and running contributions to 1‐loop gaugino masses. For background Neveu‐Schwarz H‐flux we find an exact match with the supergravity formula. For Ramond‐Ramond flux there is an off‐shell ambiguity that precludes a full matching. The anomaly mediated gaugino masses, while determined by the infrared spectrum, arise from an explicit sum over UV open string winding modes. We also calculate brane‐to‐brane tree‐level gravity mediated gaugino masses and show that there are two contributions coming from the dilaton and from the twisted modes, which are suppressed by the full T6 volume and the untwisted T2 volume respectively.
Critical approaches to transit migration
Authors: Collyer Michael , Düvell Franck , de Haas Hein 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis article introduces the subject of this special issue and presents the papers that follow. It traces the origins of the label ‘transit migration’ to discussions of what was called the ‘new migration’ in the early 1990s. These migrations related to the particular geopolitical context at the end of the Cold War. Though they established the pre‐emptive rationale whereby concern is focused as much on potential migration as on actual movement, there have been four substantial changes since then. As the geopolitical context has changed, so has the geographies of migration, with a general shift of attention from east‐west to south‐north; the technological supports of migration have improved, allowing migrants easier, cheaper access to different routes; the categories of migrant have proliferated and finally similar movements may be observed all over the world though only those in the vicinity of Europe are labelled as ‘transit’. This leads us to a critical stance around the term ‘transit’ that is common to all papers in this special issue. Nevertheless, despite the problematic term, there is something worthy of attention amongst these new developments around the fringes of Europe. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing dynamic categorisations of transit migration
Authors: Collyer Michael , de Haas Hein 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the ways in which the dynamic nature of transit migration may be captured in categories that provide a basis for developing our understanding of the phenomenon but do not attempt to artificially pin it down. The first section re‐examines common ways of categorising migrants and the second turns to existing research and activism around subjects of immigration in North Africa. The final section applies the common categorisations of the first section with the developing research considered in the second to examine the data that is available to enhance our understanding and possibilities of developing categorisations of transit migration. The conclusion sets out ways of advancing the research agenda on transit migration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substrate effect on thickness‐dependent friction on graphene
Authors: Li Qunyang , Lee Changgu , Carpick Robert W. , Hone James 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUsing friction force microscopy, we have investigated the frictional behavior of graphene deposited on various substrates as well as over micro‐fabricated wells. Both graphene on SiO2/Si substrates and graphene freely suspended over the wells showed a trend of increasing friction with decreasing number of atomic layers of graphene. However, this trend with thickness was absent for graphene deposited on mica, where the graphene is strongly bonded to the substrate. Measurements together with a mechanics model suggest that mechanical confinement to the substrate plays an important role in the frictional behavior of these atomically thin graphite sheets. Loosely bound or suspended graphene sheets can pucker in the out‐of‐plane direction due to tip‐graphene adhesion. This increases contact area, and also allows further deformation of the graphene when sliding, leading to higher friction. Since thinner samples have lower bending stiffness, the puckering effect and frictional resistance are greater. However, if the graphene is strongly bound to the substrate, the puckering effect will be suppressed and no thickness dependence should be observed. The results can provide potentially useful guidelines in the rational design and use of graphene for nano‐mechanical applications, including nano‐lubricants and components in micro‐ and nano‐devices.
Determination of maximum negative Poisson's ratio for laminated fiber composites
Authors: Shokrieh M. M. , Assadi A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractContrary to isotropic materials, composites always show complicated mechanical behavior under external loadings. In this article, an efficient algorithm is employed to obtain the maximum negative Poisson's ratio for laminated composite plates. We try to simplify the problem based on normalization of parameters and some manufacturing constraints to overlook the additional constraint of the optimization procedure. A genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal thickness of each lamina with a specified fiber direction. It is observed that the laminated composite with the configuration of (15/60/15) has the maximum negative Poisson's ratio.
The Meyer‐Neldel rule in ambipolar organic thin film transistors based on F16CuPc/α6T pn heterojunction
Authors: Ye Rongbin , Baba Mamoru , Ohta Koji , Suzuki Takanori , Mori Kunio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe temperature dependence of field‐effect mobility is investigated in ambipolar organic thin film transistors based on F16CuPc/α6T pn heterojunction. The results show that the thermally activated ambipolar mobilities obey the Meyer‐Neldel (MN) rule and activation energy (EA) steadily decreases with increasing gate voltage. At high temperatures (> 170 K), strong activated behaviour is observed, where higher EA are attributed to defects, disorder, and grain boundaries in the polycrystalline film since the transport has been described by a hopping transport process between localized trap states. Blow 170 K, much weaker activated behaviour is observed, where the charge transport is dominated by shallow traps with much lower EA. The MN energy and isokinetic temperature for both p‐channel and n‐channel are surprisingly similar to these of organic unipolar devices. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence properties of exciton‐exciton scattering in a dilute nitride GaAs1‐xNx epitaxial film
Authors: Nakayama Masaaki , Hashimoto Jun , Maeda Yuta 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of a dilute nitride GaAs1‐xNx epitaxial film with x =0.008 grown on a (001) GaAs substrate under high‐density‐excitation conditions. The band‐gap energy of the GaAs0.992N0.008 film is 1.34 eV at 10 K, which was confirmed by photoreflectance spectroscopy; namely, GaAs0.992N0.008belongs to a category of narrow‐gap semiconductors. It has been found that a PL band appears with a threshold‐like nature. At the threshold excitation power for the appearance of the PL band, the PL‐peak energy is lower than the energy of the fundamental exciton by the exciton binding energy. The results described above indicate that the PL band originates from exciton‐exciton scattering, the so‐called P emission, which is typically observed in wide‐gap semiconductors with large exciton binding energies. Furthermore, we have confirmed the existence of optical gain in the energy region of the P band with use of a variable‐stripe‐length method. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)