bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the National Injury Surveillance System in Egypt
Authors: Saad R , Jaffar H S , El Setouhy M , Hirshon J M 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionIn 1996, the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), instituted a National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) to assess the contribution of injuries to the overall burden of disease in Egypt and to identify areas of interventions.ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of the NISS based on injury surveillance data during 2007.MethodsAn evaluation of the NISS was conducted of five attributes: acceptability, flexibility, representativeness, simplicity and stability based on the systems design and history. Additional attributes were also evaluated, including timeliness and data quality based upon data collected during 2007. Injury cases are identified on the first time of emergency department (ED) accessing with any type of injury.ResultsCurrently the system collects data from 234 Public and central hospitals, 221 specialised hospitals, 487 health integration hospitals and 194 rural health groups and 9 educational hospitals constituting 55.38% of Egyptian health facilities. ED data are collected monthly from hospitals and become available centrally within a month. All cases included in the data meets the Injury case definition. The system has shown its flexibility by recently adapting to changes to ICD10 coding. The system doesn't include health insurance hospitals, universal hospitals, Police and prison hospitals, railways hospitals and private sector hospitals.ConclusionsTHE MOHP NISS provides detailed and timely information on outpatient injury cases that can identify areas of interventions in injury prevention in Egypt. The engagement of other health institutions such as the university and private sectors will enhance the efficacy of the system
Healthcare response to domestic violence in Vietnam: lessons learnt from interventions and policy implications
Authors: Le Thi Phuong M , Le Tuan P 
Published: March 2011

This paper reviewed the lessons learnt from pilot intervention models on healthcare response to domestic violence and provided recommendations for a comprehensive healthcare strategy to support domestic violence victims in Vietnam. The intervention models were implemented at five hospitals in Vietnam. The interventions included training of health staff on gender sensitivity, domestic violence (DV), and skills to identify and support victims. In addition, guidelines for health providers working with victims were developed and used by health workers. The favourable environment for DV prevention and screen was established. The counselling centres were established in the studied hospitals to provide psychological counselling and other supports to victims.FindingsFrom 2002 to June 2010 more than 2300 victims of DV were identified and received medical treatment and emotional counselling. Intervention has brought about changes in health providers knowledge, attitude and practice. However, health providers have yet adequately linked their knowledge and awareness with professional duties in DV prevention and screen. Screening on sexual abuse was not culturally practical in health facilities. Follow-up with victims after discharge from hospital was limited.ConclusionsThe lessons learnt from intervention models can be used for development of a comprehensive healthcare strategy to support GBV/DV victims. This strategy should include strengthening advocacy for health providers, especially health leaders/managers on DV prevention; ensuring health providers responsibility to addressing GBV as an essential component of their routine professional work; and monitoring the screening and providing healthcare for DV victims in health facilities.
Do burns increase the severity of terror injuries?
Authors: Peleg K , Alon L , Adi G , Haik J 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionThe rise in the incidence of burns among victims of terror was proportionate to the rise in the incidence of burns among all trauma victims. The aim was to compare the severity of injuries and outcome in terror victims with and without burns injuries.MethodsData were obtained from the Israeli Trauma Registry for all patients admitted to 8–10 hospitals in Israel between 1997 and 2003. We analyzed and compared demographic and clinical characteristics of 219 terror-related burn patients (Terror/Burn), 2228 terror patients with no associated burns (Terror/no-Burns) and 6546 non terror related burn patients (Burn/no-Terror). Severity of injuries was measured using the Injury Severity Score, total Bode Surface Percentage, admission rates to Intensive Care Units and in-hospital mortalities.ResultsOf burn/terror patients, 87.2% suffered other accompanying injuries, compared with 10.4% of burn/no-terror patients. Of burn/terror patients, 49.8% were admitted to ICU compared with only 11.9% of burn/no-terror patients and 23.8% of no-burn/terror patients. Mean length of hospital stay was 18.5 days for the terror/burn group compared with 11.1 days for the burn/no-terror group and 9.5 days for the terror/no-burn group. Burn/terror patients had a significantly higher injury severity score compared with the other groups. In-hospital mortality rate for the burn/no-terror group was 3.4%. The burn/terror group had a mortality of 6.4% which was similar to the no-burn/terror group (6.6%).ConclusionsTerror-attack injuries with accompanying burns have a more complex presentation, are of higher severity, and are associated with increased length of stay and a higher ICU admissions rate, compared with terror-attack injuries without burns and non terror-attack related burns. However, mortalities in terror-attack injuries are not affected by burns.
Prevalence and pattern of child restraints use in cars, Mashad, Iran
Authors: Karbakhsh M , Jarahi L 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionAlthough some law reinforcements has recently decreased the high rate of death attributable to road traffic crashes in Iran, there are still no laws necessitating the use of child safety seats (CSS) in Iran. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of CSS use in Mashad, Iran.MethodsMashad is the second highly populated city in the North-East of Iran with high injury death and morbidity. We performed a survey on 590 parents of kindergarten children who owned an automobile and were willing to participate in the study. The demographic characteristics, the history of road traffic crashes, history of receiving advice on CSS use and if they used CSS in the car were recorded in the questionnaires.ResultsAbout 25.4% of interviewed parents owned a CSS, among them 87 had bought, 19 had borrowed and 44 had received it as a gift. Of these 150 families with CSS, 113 (75.3%) did not use the CSS anymore as it was suitable for the infants. Thus, at the time of the study 37 families used CSS in their cars (6.3% of total). The main reason for nonuse was reported as not feeling the need(n=197), followed by high price (n=103).DiscussionThis study shows that the use of CSS in cars is rather scarce and should be promoted in Iran. There is also evidence of knowledge gap regarding effectiveness of CSS which needs to be addressed by health authorities.
Burn epidemiology and burn care in Malawi: outlining prevention strategies
Authors: Samuel J C , Campbell E L P , Charles A G , Cairns B A 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionBurn injuries contribute significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. We undertook a study at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi, to determine (1) the epidemiology and burden of burn injuries and (2) quantify outcome measures including physiotherapy, wound infection and mortality.MethodsRetrospective analysis of hospital-based trauma registry burn victims (July 2008 to June 2009, N=332) and cross-sectional analysis of burn injuries (November 2009, N=39).ResultsBurn injuries constituted 6% of injuries at KCH. The average total burn surface area (2nd/3rd degree) was 13%, and the majority (75%) presented within 8 h of injury. The commonest mechanism was scalding (67%). Fifty-seven percent were male, and the majority (75%) were under age 15. The commonest procedure was debridement or amputation (13% of inpatients). In-hospital mortality was 19%. Average length of stay was 22 days (2–109 days). The rate of burn wound infections was 31%. Only 8% of victims received physiotherapy. Inappropriate use or lack of use when appropriate for key interventions (nutrition, physiotherapy and intravenous fluids) was noted in 59% of cases.ConclusionsPrimary prevention of burns should be aimed at preventing paediatric burns and scald burns, the most common age group and mechanism observed. Secondary and tertiary prevention should aim to (1) train healthcare providers on basic burn care and resuscitation and (2) improve the efficiency and availability of key therapeutic interventions. Though challenging in resource-limited settings, improvements in utilisation and availability of key therapeutic interventions are attainable.
Physical and emotional health problems experienced by youth engaged in violent behaviour
Authors: Walsh S , Molcho M , Harel-Fisch Y , Huynh Q , Kukaswadia A , Aasvee K , Varnai D , Ottova V , Ravens-Sieberer U , Pickett W 
Published: March 2011

Purpose(1) To provide contemporary cross-national estimates of the prevalence of physical fighting and weapon carrying among children aged 11–15 years; (2) To examine the combined effects of physical fighting and weapon carrying on the occurrence of physical and emotional health outcomes among adolescents.Methods20 125 adolescents aged 11–15 in five countries (Belgium, Israel, USA, Canada, FYR Macedonia) were surveyed via the 2006 Health Behaviour in School Aged Children survey. Prevalence was calculated for measures of violence (physical fighting, weapon carrying). Reports of specific physical (medically treated injury) and emotional symptom measures that represented potential health outcomes of violence were also assessed. Regression analyses were used to quantify associations between violence and the potential health consequences within each country.ResultsLarge variations in fighting and weapon carrying were observed across the countries. Boys reported more frequent episodes of violent behaviour and medically attended injuries in every country, while girls reported more emotional symptoms. Increased weapon carrying and physical fighting were both independently associated with more frequent reports of the health outcomes (eg, OR point estimates 1.7 to 4.5; p<0.0001), but those adolescents engaged in both behaviours were not proportionally at increased risk.ConclusionsAdolescents engaging in violent behaviour are also at risk for physical and emotional health outcomes. Violent behaviour may be part of a constellation of risk behaviours with health implications. Our findings also highlight the importance of the cultural context when examining the nature of violent behaviour for adolescents.
Health cost assessment of firearm injuries at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Odhiambo W A , Muchai A , Njuguna P , Lamb G , Domnique D 
Published: March 2011

Firearms are among the leading instruments used in the perpetration of violence and injury. Proliferation and abuse of small arms and light weapons has been the major culprit in the East and Central Africa region. This study analyzes the direct costs incurred by patients treated at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) for firearm injuries. This was a 10 year hospital based descriptive retrospective study conducted at the largest Teaching and Referral Hospital in the region.ResultsA total of 1804 patients were recorded to have been admitted and treated for firearm injuries. Most patients among the survivors were shot in the lower limbs and pelvis 726 (43%) followed by upper limbs 342 (20%), then chest and abdomen 276 (16%) and 243 (14%), respectively. Sixty eight per cent of the patients were managed under general anaesthesia, 20% under local while 7% were conservatively managed. The total number of days spent by firearm injury patients in hospital was 31 772 days, these hospital bed days translates to about Ksh. 158 860 000 (USD 2.2 million) On average FAI victims spent 17.6 days in hospital, those who died from firearm injuries on average lived for 11 days before succumbing to their injuries. The average total cost of managing a single firearm injury at KNH was calculated to be about Ksh. 759 000 this equivalent to USD 10 000 ( USD 1 = Ksh. 75 ).NoteThis study was conducted by the authors on behalf of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS).
Prevention of severe injuries in preschool children: what are the priorities?
Authors: Cyr C 
Published: March 2011

Injury is the leading cause of death in childhood. Most of these injuries are preventable events. With limited resources, strategies for prevention should target severe injuries and be based on developmental stage. The aim of this study was to characterise mechanisms of severe injuries in children aged 1 to 4 years old.MethodsRetrospective review of trauma registry of two paediatric trauma centres in Quebec between January 1999 and April 2006. The Injury Prevention Priority Score (IPPS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) assigned a priority rank to mechanisms of severe injuries based on frequency and on severity.ResultsA total of 640 children 1 to 4 years old with severe injury were identified. Glasgow coma score (GCS) was 7 or less in 33 patients (5%) and mean length of stay was 6.4 days. There were 15 deaths (2.3%). IPPS identified respectively Fall from height, Motor vehicle injuries, Child abuses, Pedestrians struck by motor vehicle and Cycle injuries as the most important mechanisms. The majority of falls occurred at home, mostly in stairs. Less than 30% of victims of motor vehicle accident were adequately restrained. There were 11 all-terrain vehicle-related injuries as a driver or a passenger even in children less than 4 years of age.ConclusionThis study highlights mechanisms that can be targeted by community prevention programs to fight injuries with the highest mortality and morbidity in 1 to 4 years old children.
Road safety for Xe-Om riders in Hoa An Bus Station, Da Nang City, Vietnam
Authors: Phuong N Nguyen , Xuyen K , Nguyen T , Passmore J 
Published: March 2011

Xe-om (motorbike-taxi) is a very popular form of passengers transportation in Vietnam. However, xe-om riders have little knowledge about quality helmet, ways of correct use and the risks of drink driving. This initiative provided education on helmet use and drink-driving prevention for them at Hoa An Bus Station, Da Nang City, aiming at improving their own and passengers' safety. Pre and post evaluations were conducted to assess the changes in KAP of xe-om riders after interventions.Activities120 xe-om riders were targeted for interventions from February to October 2009. Xe-om riders were given trainings and practice on selecting quality helmets and its correct use. Risks of drink driving were also provided through talks, and visual education materials. Hoa An bus station management and health staff provided random monitoring & day-to-day enforcement of helmet use.ResultsHelmet wearing was maintained at 100% among xe-om riders. Rate of drink driving reduced to 6.7% (2009) from 67.8% (2008). Knowledge on selection of quality helmet has also increased sharply. Important quality criteria such as EPS liner or the shell have increased from 26.27% to 97.45% and 13.56% to 100%, respectively. Knowledge of correct helmet use such as wearing upright on head with straps fitted below the chin has increased from 36% to over 95%.ConclusionsSelected education and communication activities for target group coupled with close monitoring and enforcement can bring positive changes to the practice of xe-om riders.
Occupational health and safety: its effect on working postures and musculoskeletal symptoms on female factory workers
Authors: Shukor A 
Published: March 2011

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are one of the occupational safety and health problems reported at the Plant 1 & Plant 2 of a semiconductor manufacturer. During the study session, about 48 female operators located at eight departments were interviewed with more than 200 operators were observed in Plant 1. For Plant 2, more than 36 operators were interviewed, and around 95 female operators were observed and measured. Detailed observational methods were used to quantify the task distribution, repetitiveness of hand and upper waistline exertions respectively, work postures and existence of stressors. Risk assessment code and the Rapid entire body assessment method were used to estimate the hazards and risks levels respectively.Awkward posture includes repeated reaching, prolonged standing, twisting and bending posture are major risk factors found on these operators. Three approaches are needed to address the existence of ergonomics risks. First, there needs to improved workstation designs (examples include four tiers oven, diffusion station and CBSM) to reduce high body pains symptoms. Second, improved techniques and training methods for existing and newer operators. Third, needs to improve the awareness regarding safety and health for an improved working environment.WMSD syndromes are highly found at Plant 1 and Plant 2 respectively. This in turn, has made the operators to suffer from several bodily pains including back pain, hips pain, legs, arms and shoulder pains, respectively. Various ergonomics counter-measures are proposed to minimise the impact of WMSD at the plants.
Population-based survey of infant bed sharing
Authors: Nie C , Bailey A M , Istre G R , Anderson R 
Published: March 2011

Disparities by race/ethnicity exist in sudden infant death. Bed sharing has been shown to increase risk of sleep-related infant deaths.ObjectiveTo quantify infant bed sharing in Dallas, Texas from 214 pilot surveys. We anticipate additional surveys to analyse for the final presentation.MethodsParents completed a self administered survey regarding their infant's (<1 year) sleep pattern. Surveys were conducted in waiting rooms at a sample of public and private paediatric practices. Surveys asked for demographics, hours of bed sharing in the previous 24 h, and prevalence of other sleep practices.ResultsOver half (56.6%) of infants were Hispanic. Mean age: Infant=4.1 months; Mother=28 years. Bed sharing occurred among 44% of infants, for an average of 4.5 h. The majority of bed sharing was with a parent. Other findings: prone placement (4.7%), pacifier use (33%), crib in home (81.2%) and fan presence (60%). Bed sharing was more common among breastfed infants (OR=2.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.4) and premature infants (OR=2.38; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.8). Families without a crib were more likely to bed share (OR=2.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 5.2) and bed share for more hours (6.6 h vs 3.8 h).ConclusionsInfant bed sharing is common in Dallas. Families without a crib had a higher prevalence of bed sharing. Local data offers the potential to quantify bed sharing risk and measure efficacy of community interventions.
Prevention of violence against women in Russia
Authors: Kachaeva M 
Published: March 2011

Violence against women is a troubling phenomenon in Russia. Recent sociological studies suggested that violence against women takes place in one out of the four Russian families. Unfortunately there are no laws on domestic violence in Russian legislation. Meanwhile there is a noticeable growth of interest to this problem from researchers and scientists. Much good work is also being done by non-governmental organisations that render help and support to the victims of domestic cruelty. The research has revealed that intimate partner abuse against women often results in psychological and mental health problems. Clinical assessment of women who were victims of violent behaviour of husbands or partners has revealed different depressive symptoms, anxiety, low self-esteem, stress and somatic disorders, suicidal tendencies. The most serious consequences of violence against women are the cases when victim becomes perpetrator. Women of this clinical group underwent forensic psychiatric assessment as they had committed homicides of their husbands and partners whose violence escalated in frequency and severity.The research shows the necessity of domestic violence prevention either by civilised legal provisions or by multidisciplinary research with the participation of public health specialists, psychologists, sociologists. This research will help to address the problem to politicians and policy makers in order to create national plan of actions to combat violence against women.
When all is at stake: understanding advocacy
Authors: Chambers J 
Published: March 2011

This presentation uses a Buzz Lightyear approach to child injury prevention advocacy. One of the stars of the Pixar animated movie Toy Story, Buzz Lightyear does not realise he is just a toy, he believes he is a real spaceman and can fly. The unfolding of his understanding of his true status does not, however, inhibit his ability to become a hero.Child injury prevention advocacy is the constructive, truthful and compelling use of evidence to inform experts, decision makers, media, community organisations and individuals about effective ways to reduce the numbers of New Zealand children who experience unintentional injury.This presentation explores the ways we understand and use advocacy, scopes some of the real hurdles for child injury prevention advocates, considers the usefulness of tools such as stakeholder analysis and economics and then looks into ‘the Beyond’ of what we are try to do, as advocates, every day.
Process evaluation of Emergency Department use of an Electronic Data Collection Tool that incorporates the International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI) into the US National Burn Repository
Authors: Villaveces A , Peck M , Price G 
Published: March 2011

ContextThe specific aim of our research was to evaluate the process of implementation of the International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI) as an Emergency Department-based electronic surveillance tool for burn injuries for use in prevention activities and to reduce burn-related morbidity and mortality.MethodsWe measured the ease, efficiency and accuracy of this tool when used by burn centres that are already engaged in gathering data for the National Burn Repository (NBR) of the American Burn Association. This version records data fields for all ICECI modules, and connects to NBR to pull data elements that will help select the correct ICECI codes, and produces reports on injury data. We measured quality variables including descriptions of registrar training, data entry dates, time required to complete each record and recorded problems experienced by registrars with data entry. Quality control was also maintained by having approximately one-in-ten charts reviewed by our prevention outreach clinician.ResultsOur results indicate that over time data entry was conducted in less than 12 min for each record. We present results of this process evaluation based on data from six enrolled institutions.ConclusionWe have accomplished several goals including training of the registrar in the use of the tool, establishing a quality control mechanism for ensuring accuracy and reliability and incorporated ICECI data entry into the weekly routine of the burn registrar. Use of this tool is likely to improve data quality on burns and potentially other injuries.