bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsteady electroosmosis in a microchannel with Poisson–Boltzmann charge distribution
Authors: Chang Chien C. , Kuo Chih‐Yu , Wang Chang‐Yi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe present study is concerned with unsteady electroosmotic flow (EOF) in a microchannel with the electric charge distribution described by the Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) equation. The nonlinear PB equation is solved by a systematic perturbation with respect to the parameter λ which measures the strength of the wall zeta potential relative to the thermal potential. In the small λ limits (λ≪1), we recover the linearized PB equation – the Debye–Hückel approximation. The solutions obtained by using only three terms in the perturbation series are shown to be accurate with errors <1% for λ up to 2. The accurate solution to the PB equation is then used to solve the electrokinetic fluid transport equation for two types of unsteady flow: transient flow driven by a suddenly applied voltage and oscillatory flow driven by a time‐harmonic voltage. The solution for the transient flow has important implications on EOF as an effective means for transporting electrolytes in microchannels with various electrokinetic widths. On the other hand, the solution for the oscillatory flow is shown to have important physical implications on EOF in mixing electrolytes in terms of the amplitude and phase of the resulting time‐harmonic EOF rate, which depends on the applied frequency and the electrokinetic width of the microchannel as well as on the parameter λ.
Solvent bonding of poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic chip using phase‐changing agar hydrogel as a sacrificial layer
Authors: Gan Zhibin , Zhang Luyan , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this report, a solvent bonding method based on phase‐changing agar hydrogel has been developed for the fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic chips. Prior to bonding, the channels and the reservoir ports on PMMA channel plates were filled with molten agar hydrogel that could gelate to form solid sacrificial layers at room temperature. Subsequently, PMMA cover sheets were covered on the channeled plates and 1,2‐dichlororethane was applied to the interspaces between them. The agar hydrogel in the channels could prevent the bonding solvent and the softened surface of the PMMA cover sheets from filling in the channels. After solvent bonding, the agar hydrogel in the channels and the reservoir ports was melted and removed under pressure. The sealed channels in the complete microchips had been examined by an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that high‐quality bonding was achieved at room temperature. The prepared microfluidic microchips have been successfully employed in the electrophoresis separation and detection of three cations in combination with contactless conductivity detection.
Genome‐wide expression and copy number analysis identifies driver genes in gingivobuccal cancers
Authors: Ambatipudi Srikant , Gerstung Moritz , Pandey Manishkumar , Samant Tanuja , Patil Asawari , Kane Shubhada , Desai Rajiv S. , Schäffer Alejandro A. , Beerenwinkel Niko , Mahimkar Manoj B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of gingivobuccal complex (GBC) cancers—a sub‐site of oral cancer, comprising the buccal mucosa, the gingivobuccal sulcus, the lower gingival region, and the retromolar trigone–remain poorly understood. Identifying the GBC cancer‐related gene expression signature and the driver genes residing on the altered chromosomal regions is critical for understanding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. Genome‐wide expression profiling of 27 GBC cancers with known chromosomal alterations was performed to reveal differentially expressed genes. Putative driver genes were identified by integrating copy number and gene expression data. A total of 315 genes were found differentially expressed (P ≤ 0.05, logFC > 2.0) of which 11 genes were validated by real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) in tumors (n = 57) and normal GBC tissues (n = 18). Overexpression of LY6K, in chromosome band 8q24.3, was validated by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. We found that 78.5% (2,417/3,079) of the genes located in regions of recurrent chromosomal alterations show copy number dependent expression indicating that copy number alteration has a direct effect on global gene expression. The integrative analysis revealed BIRC3 in 11q22.2 as a candidate driver gene associated with poor clinical outcome. Our study identified previously unreported differentially expressed genes in a homogeneous subtype of oral cancer and the candidate driver genes that may contribute to the development and progression of the disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene expression of BAALC, CDKN1B, ERG, and MN1 adds independent prognostic information to cytogenetics and molecular mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Haferlach Claudia , Kern Wolfgang , Schindela Sonja , Kohlmann Alexander , Alpermann Tamara , Schnittger Susanne , Haferlach Torsten 
Published: November 2011

AbstractExpression of BAALC, ERG, and MN1 is associated with outcome in normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, the expression of these markers and of EVI1 and CDKN1B was determined using oligonucleotide microarrays in 286 AML comprising all cytogenetic groups. Higher expression of each gene was associated with an inferior outcome: CDKN1B, median overall survival (mOS): 14.9 months vs. not reached (nr), P = 0.005, median event‐free survival (mEFS): 9.7 vs. 31.0 months, P = 0.013; BAALC, no impact on OS, mEFS: 6.2 vs. 13.0 months, P = 0.03; ERG: mOS: 12.5 months vs. nr, P = 0.002, mEFS: 8.1 vs. 15.7 months, P = 0.001; MN1: mOS: 12.3 months vs. nr, P = 0.004, mEFS: 8.1 vs. 16.7 months, P = 0.001. A multivariate analysis revealed an independent impact on OS for CDKN1B, ERG, and MN1 expression. A novel score based on BAALC, CDKN1B, ERG, and MN1 expression had an impact on OS and EFS independent of cytogenetics and age. A score taking into account gene expression and karyotype allowed the separation of four prognostic groups with significant differences in OS and EFS (OS at 2 years: 90.4%, 56.4%, 34.0%, 12.6%; mEFS: n.r., 18.1 months, 8.7 months, 2.5 months). The impact on outcome of this score was independent of NPM1mut/FLT3‐ITD− status, MLL‐PTD, and age. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Four component one‐pot synthesis of novel 7,8‐dihydroquinolin‐5(1H,4H,6H)‐one derivatives containing an ionone unit and in vitro antioxidant activity
Authors: Fındık Esra , Ceylan Mustafa , Elmastaş Mahfuz 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new class of novel 7,8‐dihydroquinolin‐5‐(1H,4H,6H)‐one derivatives (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k) were synthesized by the one‐pot four‐component condensation of dimedon, α‐ionone, ammonium acetate, and benzaldehyde derivatives. The structures were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C NMR spectral studies. All the title compounds were screened for antioxidant properties and some of them found to exhibit potent in vitro antioxidant activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Solvent‐free one‐pot synthesis of pyrane derivatives
Authors: Rostami‐Charati Faramarz , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Khalilzadeh Mohammad A. , Moghaddam Mahboube Islami , Babaei Vahid 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA straightforward and an efficient method for the synthesis of 2H‐pyrans via the one‐pot, reaction of alkyl bromides, carbon disulfide, secondary amines, activated acetylenes and isocyanides under solvent‐free conditions without using any catalyst at room temperature is reported. The method offers several advantages including high yields of products and an easy work‐up procedure. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
A COMMUNITY‐LEVEL ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING LIVELIHOODS IN NAWALPARASI DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Biggs Eloise M. , Watmough Gary R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis field research investigated the livelihoods of rural communities in Nawalparasi District, Nepal. An adapted form of the Delphi technique was used to assess community perceptions regarding factors which affected their livelihoods. The six most significant factors were selected by participants and ranked in order of importance. Research findings indicated that important factors across communities included those related to water resources, education, health and roads. Climate and environmental change were found to be impacting on livelihoods, and results indicated that education and environmental awareness were two key factors affecting a community's ability to adapt to change. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
15‐Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase associates with poor prognosis in breast cancer, induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and promotes cell migration in cultured breast cancer cells
Authors: Lehtinen Laura , Vainio Paula , Wikman Harriet , Reemts Johannes , Hilvo Mika , Issa Rana , Pollari Sirkku , Brandt Burkhard , Oresic Matej , Pantel Klaus , Kallioniemi Olli , Iljin Kristiina 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in women worldwide. The prognosis of breast cancer is tightly correlated with the degree of spread beyond the primary tumour. Arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are known to regulate tumour metastasis enabling epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the detailed role of 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD), the key enzyme degrading prostaglandin E2, remains unclear in breast cancer. Here, we show that HPGD mRNA is overexpressed in a subset of clinical breast cancers compared to normal breast tissue samples and that high HPGD mRNA expression associates with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical staining of primary breast cancer and lymph node metastasis tissue samples confirmed high HPGD protein expression in 20% of the samples, as well as associated HPGD expression with aggressive characteristics, such as increased risk of disease relapse and shorter disease‐free survival. Results from cultured cells indicated abundant HPGD expression in highly metastatic breast cancer cells, and impairment of HPGD expression using RNA interference led to a significant decrease in transforming growth factor‐β signalling, in cellular arachidonic acid levels as well as in cell migration. Furthermore, gene expression microarray analysis followed by quantitative RT‐PCR validation showed that HPGD silencing decreased aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling and induced mesenchymal‐epithelial transition. In conclusion, our results indicate that HPGD is highly expressed in metastatic and aggressive breast cancer and promotes EMT and migration in breast cancer cells. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Endocannabinoid System: Role in Energy Regulation
Authors: Gamage Thomas F. , Lichtman Aron H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCannabis sativa has been used since antiquity to treat many ailments, including eating disorders. The primary psychoactive constituent of this plant, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is an FDA approved medication to treat nausea and emesis caused by cancer chemotherapeutic agents as well as to stimulate appetite in AIDS patients suffering from cachexia. The effects of THC are mediated through the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which promotes a positive energy balance through stimulation of appetite as well as shifting homeostatic mechanisms toward energy storage. Here we discuss the physiological function of the ECS in energy balance and the therapeutic potential of targeting this system. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 144–148. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of the open circuit voltage by modifying the transparent indium–tin oxide front electrode in amorphous n–i–p solar cells
Authors: Haug Franz‐Josef , Biron Remi , Kratzer Gilles , Leresche Frank , Besuchet Jonathan , Ballif Christophe , Dissel Marcel , Kretschmer Sebastian , Soppe Wim , Lippens Paul , Leitner Klaus 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAt the front contact of thin film silicon solar cells, the junction between the p‐doped window layer and the n‐type transparent electrode results in a barrier that must be surmounted by the charge carriers. The barrier height is governed by the work‐function difference of these two materials. For different compositions of the well known In2O3–SnO2 (ITO) system, we find that higher oxygen partial pressure during sputter deposition increases the work function of the deposited films. Over the same range of oxygen partial pressures, ITO electrodes with low tin content applied to n–i–p type thin film silicon solar yield a gain in VOC by up to 40 mV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characterization of boscalid‐ and penthiopyrad‐resistant isolates of Didymella bryoniae and assessment of their sensitivity to fluopyram
Authors: Avenot Hervé F , Thomas Anna , Gitaitis Ronald D , Langston Jr David B , Stevenson Katherine L 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Didymella bryoniae has a history of developing resistance to single‐site fungicides. A recent example is with the succinate‐dehydrogenase‐inhibiting fungicide (SDHI) boscalid. In laboratory assays, out of 103 isolates of this fungus, 82 and seven were found to be very highly resistant (BVHR) and highly resistant (BHR) to boscalid respectively. Cross‐resistance studies with the new SDHI penthiopyrad showed that the BVHR isolates were only highly resistant to penthiopyrad (BVHR‐PHR), while the BHR isolates appeared sensitive to penthiopyrad (BHR‐PS). In this study, the molecular mechanism of resistance in these two phenotypes (BVHR‐PHR and BHR‐PS) was elucidated, and their sensitivity to the new SDHI fluopyram was assessed.RESULTS: A 456 bp cDNA amplified fragment of the succinate dehydrogenase iron sulfur gene (DbSDHB) was initially cloned and sequenced from two sensitive (BS‐PS), two BVHR‐PHR and one BHR‐PS isolate of D. bryoniae. Comparative analysis of the DbSDHB protein revealed that a highly conserved histidine residue involved in the binding of SDHIs and present in wild‐type isolates was replaced by tyrosine (H277Y) or arginine (H277R) in the BVHR‐PHR and BHR‐PS variants respectively. Further examination of the role and extent of these alterations showed that the H/Y and H/R substitutions were present in the remaining BVHR‐PHR and BHR‐PS variants respectively. Analysis of the sensitivity to fluopyram of representative isolates showed that both SDHB mutants were sensitive to this fungicide as the wild‐type isolates.CONCLUSION: The genotype‐specific cross‐resistance relationships between the SDHIs boscalid and penthiopyrad and the lack of cross‐resistance between these fungicides and fluopyram should be taken into account when selecting SDHIs for gummy stem blight management. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Living on the Move: Mobility, Religion and Exclusion of Eastern European Migrants in Rural Scotland
Authors: Shubin Sergei 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe paper explores theoretical and practical issues related to spiritual mobility and engagement with Eastern European migrants in rural Scotland. Emerging mobile lifestyles create different patterns of living ‘on the move’, but the church and other rural institutions in Scotland often fail to attend to migrants' affective relationships with existing immigrant communities, unpredictable travelling behaviour, and cross‐border spiritual links. For this gap to be addressed, the paper develops a complex understanding of migrants living on the move. It suggests adding a spiritual element to the analysis of transnational mobilities and explores the ways in which constellations of mobility and religion generate more‐than‐corporeal dislocations (faith‐based sensations), generate virtual movement (beyond rationality to the outside of knowing), and create new imaginations of the migrants' place in the world. It argues that the spiritual can be seen as an important factor in producing new social worlds and overcoming the separations and division created by migrations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The North Atlantic jet stream: a look at preferred positions, paths and transitions
Authors: Hannachi A. , Woollings T. , Fraedrich K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPreferred jet stream positions and their link to regional circulation patterns over the winter North Atlantic/European sector are investigated to corroborate findings of multimodal behaviour of the jet positions and to analyse patterns of preferred paths and transition probabilities between jet regimes using ERA‐40 data. Besides the multivariate Gaussian mixture model, hierarchical clustering and data image techniques are used for this purpose. The different approaches all yield circulation patterns that correspond to the preferred jet regimes, namely the southern, central and the northern positions associated respectively with the Greenland anticyclone or blocking, and two opposite phases of an East Atlantic‐like flow pattern. Growth and decay patterns as well as preferred paths of the system trajectory are studied using the mixture model within the delay space. The analysis shows that the most preferred paths are associated with central to north and north to south jet stream transitions with a typical time‐scale of about 5 days, and with life cycles of 1–2 weeks. The transition paths are found to be consistent with transition probabilities. The analysis also shows that wave breaking seems to be the dominant mechanism behind Greenland blocking. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Using XQuery for problem solving
Authors: Kilpeläinen Pekka 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYXQuery is a recommendation by the World Wide Web Consortium as a standard XML query language. In addition to being a special‐purpose query language, XQuery has also features that support unexpected applications such as problem solving. We demonstrate and discuss these features by presenting several XQuery programs for solving recreational problems and puzzles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Important technical remarks on distal pancreatectomy with en‐bloc celiac axis resection for locally advanced pancreatic body cancer (with video)
Authors: Tanaka Eiichi , Hirano Satoshi , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Kato Kentaro , Matsumoto Joe , Shichinohe Toshiaki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe have already reported the feasibility, safety, and excellent long‐term results of distal pancreatectomy with en‐bloc celiac axis resection (DP‐CAR) for locally advanced pancreatic body cancer. An international standard for the surgical technique of DP‐CAR has yet to be established.MethodsDP‐CAR was carefully performed in 42 patients in Hokkaido University Hospital from 1998 to July 2007. Arterial blood flow alteration and collateral flow development toward the liver and stomach was obtained following preoperative routine transcatheter arterial embolization of the common hepatic artery. The right‐sided approach to the superior mesenteric artery and celiac artery, and the preservation of the inferior pancreatoduodenal artery during the dissection of the plexus around the pancreatic head, are the key techniques in DP‐CAR.ResultsThe operative morbidity and mortality were 43 and 4.8%, respectively. R0 resection could be done in 39 (93%) patients. Median operation time and intraoperative blood loss were 478 min and 1030 ml, respectively. Ischemic gastropathy was complicated in 5 (12%) patients, but liver abscess was found in only one patient and no liver failure was encountered.ConclusionsWe emphasize again the feasibility and safety of DP‐CAR; it should be a treatment of choice for locally advanced pancreatic body cancer.
Psychoactive drug use: Expand the scope of outcome assessment
Authors: Troisi Alfonso 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe “hijacking” and “drug instrumentalization” models of psychoactive drug use predict opposite outcomes in terms of adaptive behavior and fitness benefits. Which is the range of applicability of each model? To answer this question, we need more data than those reported by studies focusing on medical, psychiatric, and legal problems in addicted users. An evolutionary analysis requires a much wider focus.
Governing drug use through neurobiological subject construction: The sad loss of the sociocultural
Authors: Wu Kevin Chien-Chang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBased on their “drugs as instruments” framework, Müller & Schumann (M&S) propose a staged drug policy that matches well the neoliberal governance scheme. To mend the sad loss of the sociocultural dimension in their model, I propose three such considerations: first, sociocultural interactions with the brain; second, sociocultural context and justice of drug use; and third, sociocultural preparedness for implementing their drug policy.
Kepler mission highlights
Authors: Borucki William J. , Koch David G. ,   the Kepler Team
Published: November 2011

AbstractDuring the first 33.5 days of science-mode operation of the Kepler Mission, the stellar flux of 156,000 stars were observed continuously. The data show the presence of more than 1800 eclipsing binary stars, over 700 stars with planetary candidates, and variable stars of amazing variety. Analyses of the commissioning data also show transits, occultations and light emitted from the known exoplanet HAT-P7b. The depth of the occultation is similar in amplitude to that expected from a transiting Earth-size planet and demonstrates that the Mission has the precision necessary to detect such planets. On 15 June 2010, the Kepler Mission released most of the data from the first quarter of observations. At the time of this data release, 706 stars from this first data set have exoplanet candidates with sizes from as small as that of the Earth to larger than that of Jupiter. More than half the candidates on the released list have radii less than half that of Jupiter. Five candidates are present in and near the habitable zone; two near super-Earth size, one similar in size to Neptune, and two bracketing the size of Jupiter. The released data also include five possible multi-planet systems. One of these has two Neptune-size (2.3 and 2.5 Earth-radius) candidates with near-resonant periods as well as a super-Earth-size planet in a very short period orbit.
The debris disk – terrestrial planet connection
Authors: Raymond Sean N. , Armitage Philip J. , Moro-Martín Amaya , Booth Mark , Wyatt Mark C. , Armstrong John C. , Mandell Avi M. , Selsis Franck 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe eccentric orbits of the known extrasolar giant planets provide evidence that most planet-forming environments undergo violent dynamical instabilities. Here, we numerically simulate the impact of giant planet instabilities on planetary systems as a whole. We find that populations of inner rocky and outer icy bodies are both shaped by the giant planet dynamics and are naturally correlated. Strong instabilities – those with very eccentric surviving giant planets – completely clear out their inner and outer regions. In contrast, systems with stable or low-mass giant planets form terrestrial planets in their inner regions and outer icy bodies produce dust that is observable as debris disks at mid-infrared wavelengths. Fifteen to twenty percent of old stars are observed to have bright debris disks (at λ ~ 70μm) and we predict that these signpost dynamically calm environments that should contain terrestrial planets.