bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Subtidal Macrobenthic Community Structures and Influencing Factors Between Jindo and Jeju Islands in South Korea
Authors: Liang Jian , Ma Chae‐Woo , Kim Kwang‐Bae 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough islands in South Korea have been significantly impacted by human activities, marine ecological studies focusing on island coasts have been limited. Due to their distinct characteristics, macrobenthos is extensively utilized to assess the impact of anthropogenic influences on the marine environment. In August 2010, August 2011, and September 2012, samples of macrobenthic communities, bottom water, and sediment were collected from the subtidal zones around southern Jindo and northern Jeju islands in South Korea. Macrobenthos was identified to the species level using a stereomicroscope. Bottom seawater quality was evaluated, with a focus on dissolved heavy metal concentrations (As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). Additionally, we measured the organic matter content and mean grain size of the sediment. There were marked differences in macrobenthic community structures between the two islands, including the number of species, species abundance, species richness index, and Pielou's evenness index (p < 0.05). Cluster analysis, non‐metric analysis, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and permutational analysis of multivariate dispersion (PERMDISP) revealed variations in macrobenthic communities between the two islands and over the years 2010, 2011, and 2012. According to the Biota‐Environment Matching (BIO‐ENV), distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA), and distance‐based linear model analyses (DistLM), the principal environmental variables influencing the distribution of macrobenthic communities are Cd and As. These variations likely result from different levels of human activity on each island. Moreover, interannual variations in macrobenthic communities, especially in 2012, were predominantly influenced by Pb and Cr, likely due to alterations in the influence of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) diluted water.
Production of an Innovative, Surface Area‐Enhanced and Biodegradable Biofilm‐Generating Device by 3D Printing
Authors: Datta Atulona , Saha Rituparna , Sahoo Sovan , Roy Arup Ratan , Basu Shayontani , Mahajan Girish , Panja Subhash Chandra , Mukherjee Joydeep 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe enhanced surface cylindrical flask (ESCF) consists of an eight‐striped inner arrangement holding 16 standard microscopic slides placed inside a cylindrical vessel. The specially designed spatula‐accessible slides can be withdrawn from the vessel during cultivation without disturbing biofilm formation through an innovative window‐flap accessibility mechanism. The vessel and its accessories were three‐dimensional (3D) printed by applying a fused deposition modeling technique utilizing biodegradable polylactic acid. Biofilms of clinically relevant bacteria namely Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were successfully grown in the ESCF and observed through confocal laser scanning microscopy. Advantages of the device include an enhanced surface area for biofilm formation, ease of insertion and removal of microscopic slides, convenient fitting into standard rotary shaker platforms, creation of anoxic/microaerophilic environment inside the vessel as well as the feasibility of pH, dissolved gases, and metabolite measurements in the liquid surrounding the biofilm. The ESCF will find widespread application in medical, industrial, and environmental disciplines.
Zircon U–Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotope, Whole‐Rock Geochemistry and Sr–Nd Isotopes of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Intrusive Rocks From North Shanxi Province: Insight on Petrogenesis and Magmatic Process in the Central North China Craton
Authors: Qi Kai , Ren ZhanLi , Cui Junping , Ma Qian , Xing Guangyuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous was a critical transformative period for the North China Craton (NCC), marked by a tectonic shift from compression to extension and the formation of numerous Yanshanian magmatic intrusions across Shanxi Province. This article presents zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotope, whole‐rock geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks from the Hunyuan area in northern Shanxi Province. The Chakou, Liulengshan and Zhongzhuangpu intrusions yield zircon U–Pb ages of 150.9 ± 1.7 Ma, 137.9 ± 2.0 Ma and 115.4 ± 0.6 Ma, respectively. The Chakou monzogranites exhibit typical features of high‐K calc‐alkaline I‐type granites, and they are enriched in Rb, Ba, K and U, and depleted in Nb and Ta. The Sr and Nd isotopes of these samples show (87Sr/86Sr)i values ranging from 0.7062 to 0.7103 and εNd(t) values between −8.8 and −8.7. Additionally, zircon rims show highly variable εHf(t) values, spanning from −12.7 to −8.1. Geochemistry and isotopes suggest that the Chakou monzogranites originated primarily from the partial melting of the lower crust. The Liulengshan quartz syenites exhibit low SiO2 and high K2O contents, classifying them as shoshonitic I‐type quartz syenites. They are enriched in LREE and LILE, depleted in HFSE with a weak negative Eu anomaly, and display moderate εNd(t) values between −17.1 and −17.0. Zircon Hf isotope composition is relatively uniform, with εHf(t) values ranging from −22.6 to −20.4. We propose that the quartz syenites from Liulengshan were formed by mixed products of mantle‐derived and crust‐derived magmas, with the latter being dominant. The Zhongzhuangpu biotite monzogranites are petrologically and geochemically uniform, showing enrichment in Pb and Ta, and strong depletion in Sr, Ba and Eu. We consider that they originated from the partial melting of crustal materials. Collectively, our data indicate that continuous crustal extension, thinning and asthenospheric upwelling facilitated partial melting of both lithospheric mantle and crustal materials. These processes were the primary drivers behind the formation of intrusions in the NCC during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.
Economic Shocks and Infant Health: The Intergenerational Effects of Import Competition in the U.S.
Authors: Ukil Patralekha 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the intergenerational health impacts of a persistent negative economic shock faced by individuals residing in the United States. Specifically, the paper examines the impact of economic shocks in local labor markets on infant health by exploiting the increasing import competition from China between 2005 and 2015 on U.S. commuting zones as a plausibly exogenous source of variation in household economic conditions. Using yearly restricted‐access data from the Natality Vital Statistics and yearly measures of the U.S local labor markets' exposure to import competition at the per capita level, this paper provides evidence that negative shocks in the form of worsening local labor market conditions are associated with a negative impact on infant health outcomes. Results indicate that increased import penetration from China in U.S commuting zones led to a reduction in the average birthweight and an increase in the incidence of low birthweight. Analyses of transmission mechanisms suggest worsening household economic circumstances as a result of negative labor market outcomes in the form of reduced wages, reduced household income per capita and increased reliance on food stamps, reduced access to healthcare and an increase in mental health declines among women of childbearing age.
Tissue‐Plug Modification of Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap for Intractable Pharyngocutaneous Fistula Repair
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Kai , Hsu Fang‐Yu , Chen Hung‐Chi , Ji Jian‐you , Liu En‐Wei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel tissue‐plug modification of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for repairing intractable pharyngocutaneous fistulas, especially in difficult‐to‐access defects.Materials and MethodsThe novel technique involved designing a tissue‐plug modification of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and suspension sutures. Cadaver studies were performed to refine the surgical method before clinical application. This method was applied to five patients. Postoperative outcomes, complications, and follow‐up data were analyzed.ResultsAll five patients underwent successful fistula repair using the tissue‐plug method. Healing was achieved without recurrent leakage in four patients, while one required permanent enteral feeding due to preexisting tongue dysfunction. Two patients experienced tracheal strictures, which were resolved with additional interventions. Swallowing function improved, and imaging confirmed fistula resolution.ConclusionThe tissue‐plug modification of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap is a viable and effective approach for managing intractable pharyngocutaneous fistulas, particularly in cases with posterior oropharyngeal defects or prior radiation exposure. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate its long‐term efficacy and outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.
Determining the Groundwater Level in Hilly and Plain Areas From Multisource Observation Data Combined With a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Li Jiahao , Lu Chengpeng , Hu Jingya , Chen Yufeng , Ma Jialiang , Chen Jing , Wu Chengcheng , Liu Bo , Shu Longcang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDeveloping an accurate model that can effectively simulate groundwater levels is of immense significance for water resource management and aquifer protection. To achieve this, it is crucial to identify key factors in remote sensing, topography, and meteorology, and to improve hydrological models to enhance prediction accuracy. This study proposes a multistep modelling framework, the RF‐PSO‐GRNN algorithm model, to improve the accuracy of groundwater level simulations in data‐scarce hilly regions. The framework combines the random forest (RF) model with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the generalised regression neural network (GRNN). First, the study area was divided into hilly and plain regions, decreasing mean absolute error (MAE) by 0.2 m in plain areas and 0.1 m in hilly areas. The RF‐Gini index combination was then used to calculate the contributing factors for each region, facilitating the determination of an optimal balancing strategy, which reduced RMSE by 4.35 m in hilly areas and 3.82 m in plain areas. Subsequently, the PSO algorithm was employed to compute the optimal smoothing factor for GRNN, further reducing RMSE by approximately 10 m. Additionally, MAE decreased by 11 m in hilly areas and 7.5 m in plain areas. Finally, the RF‐PSO‐GRNN model was applied to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of groundwater levels in three counties within the Fu River Basin of Jiangxi Province, China. The findings confirm the effectiveness of GRNN in simulating groundwater levels with limited data samples. This study provides a practical solution for hydrological modelling and groundwater management under data‐scarce conditions, contributing to the understanding and predicting groundwater dynamics.
Natural Resistance to HIV Infection: Role of Immune Activation
Authors: Naranjo‐Covo María M. , Rincón‐Tabares Daniel S. , Flórez‐Álvarez Lizdany , Hernandez Juan C. , Zapata‐Builes Wildeman 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough repeated exposure to HIV‐1 can result in infection, some individuals remain seronegative without clinical or serologic evidence of infection; these individuals are known as HIV‐1‐exposed seronegative individuals. This population has been extensively studied to understand the mechanisms associated with natural resistance to HIV infection. Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain this resistance: some researchers associated resistance with a low activation phenotype characterized by a decrease in the activation and proliferation of immune system cells linked with infection control and decreased production of cytokines and pro‐inflammatory molecules, whereas others suggest that resistance is related to immune system activation and the expression of high levels of chemokines, pro‐inflammatory cytokines and antiviral molecules.AimsOur study aims to review and analyze the most relevant evidence supporting the role of the activation level of the immune system during natural resistance to HIV‐1 infection.MethodsA search was conducted via the PubMed, SciELO and ScienceDirect databases. The literature search was performed in a nonsystematic manner. Articles published in the last five decades addressing immune activation mechanisms in natural resistance to HIV were reviewed.ResultsA low‐activation phenotype, characterized by a high frequency of Treg cells; reduced expression of CD25, CD38, and HLA‐DR; and lower production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in peripheral and mucosal tissues, plays a key role in reducing the number of activated cells susceptible to infection, but it minimizes chronic inflammation, facilitating viral entry and spread. In contrast, the activation phenotype is associated with high expression of markers such as CD25, CD38, and HLA‐DR, along with elevated high levels of interferon‐stimulated genes and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. This profile could promote infection control while increasing the number of virus‐susceptible cells.ConclusionThe complexity of the immune response during HIV exposure, reflected in the conflicting evidence concerning whether low or high immune activation offers protection against infection, suggests that there may be multiple pathways to HIV‐1 resistance, influenced by factors such as the type of viral exposure, the immune environment, and individual genetics. Further research is needed to determine which immune states are protective and how these responses can be modulated to prevent infection.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory medication use and endometrial cancer survival: A population‐based Norwegian cohort study
Authors: Haug Ala Jabri , Støer Nathalie , Langseth Hilde , Siafarikas Franziska , Botteri Edoardo , Fortner Renée Turzanski , Lindemann Kristina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhile nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to improve survival in certain cancers, data in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) is conflicting. This study investigated use of aspirin and nonaspirin NSAIDs (NA‐NSAIDs) and EC‐specific—and all‐cause death. This nationwide cohort study linked data from the Cancer Registry of Norway with The Norwegian Prescription database. Patients diagnosed with EC from 2004 to 2018 were included. Post‐diagnosis exposure to aspirin and NA‐NSAIDs was defined as ≥3 consecutive prescriptions ≥30 days after EC diagnosis, with pre‐diagnosis use as ≥2 filled prescriptions <6 months prior to diagnosis. Follow‐up started 10 months after diagnosis. Hazard ratios for the risk of death were calculated with multivariable Cox‐regression models. Our study population included 7751 individuals with EC, 685 (9%) were aspirin users and 620 (8%) were NA‐NSAIDs users. The median follow‐up time was 5.0 years, with 1518 (20%) deaths observed (n = 728 (9%) EC‐specific). In multivariable analysis, aspirin use was significantly associated with a 19% higher risk of all‐cause death compared to non‐users (HR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.01–1.41]). The association was stronger among combined pre‐ and postdiagnosis use (HR = 1.35 [1.12–1.64]). NA‐NSAIDs use increased risk of cancer‐related death (HR = 1.25 [0.99–1.58]) and there was a dose–response association with significantly higher risk of cancer‐specific death with higher cumulative doses (HR = 1.33 [1.02–1.75]). We found a higher risk of cancer‐specific—and all‐cause death among patients that used aspirin and NA‐NSAIDs after a diagnosis of EC. Further studies on the biological mechanisms underlying these associations are needed.
Accuracy of ultrasound estimation of fetal weight in twin pregnancy
Authors: Dicker Patrick , Conroy Ronan , McAuliffe Fionnuala , Geary Michael , Daly Sean , Morrison John J. , Carroll Stephen , Malone Fergal D. , Breathnach Fionnuala M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of formulas for estimation of fetal weight in twin pregnancy.MethodsInclusion criteria from the ESPRiT twin cohort were twin pregnancies that resulted in live‐born twins without congenital anomalies or twin‐twin transfusion syndrome, ultrasound examination within 3 days of delivery, birth weight (BW) > 500 g and gestational age > 24 weeks. A total of 63 formulas using various combinations of abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD) and head circumference (HC) for the estimation of fetal weight (EFW), were compared to BW for accuracy in 226 twin pregnancies/452 fetuses.ResultsUsing median percentage error (MPE), the most accurate formulas were the Hadlock formulas (1984, 1985 with MPE < 1%) incorporating AC, HC, and FL. The INTERGROWTH‐21st formula, which incorporates AC and HC, marginally underestimated BW (MPE −3.7%). The Hadlock formulas were more likely to overestimate BW than underestimate it. Using small‐for‐gestational (SGA, EFW < 5th centile), the sensitivity for detection of low BW (BW < 5th centile) was 92%, 81% and 89% for the Hadlock 1984, Hadlock 1985 and INTERGROWTH‐21st formulas, respectively. SGA prevalence was noted to be higher for the INTERGROWTH‐21st formula for fetal factors.ConclusionAmong 63 proposed formulas for EFW, the Hadlock formulas incorporating HC, AC and FL were the most accurate in twins. However, the INTERGROWTH‐21st standard, which incorporates AC and HC, did not show lower detection rates for LBW. The frequency and intensity of twin ultrasound surveillance is such that restriction of ultrasound examination to two parameters in ultrasound could be recommended without diminution of accuracy.
Recent Updates on Blood Purification: Use of Smart Polymer Materials
Authors: Ergun Can , Eskizengin Hakan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBlood purification is indispensable in addressing various conditions such as liver dysfunction, autoimmune diseases, and renal failure whereby toxins have to be cleared from the bloodstream effectively. Conventional methods that involve hemoperfusion, hemodialysis, and hemofiltration possess several weaknesses, including loss of plasma components and inefficient clearance of high molecular weight solutes. This review explores current developments in blood purification techniques particularly stimuli‐responsive polymers for use in extracorporeal therapy among other applications. Many aspects of engineering stimuli‐responsive polymers are described in terms of their role in the removal of small soluble molecules and toxins in blood purification techniques. The development of stimuli‐responsive systems has introduced a new paradigm in blood purification by enabling selective, on‐demand control of polymer parameters in response to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, electrolytes, and light. Such advanced materials have been demonstrated potential for toxin clearance, minimizing thrombosis, and improving blood compatibility and antifouling, which are far much better than traditional approaches. Furthermore, the review presents a perspective on stimuli‐responsive polymers that could be used in developing novel extracorporeal systems for future medical purposes.
“The future”: Interpretative phenomenological analysis of general practitioners' experiences of co‐employed clinical psychologists
Authors: Monnickendam Katie , Keohane Peter , Magill Rebecca 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundGeneral practice is overwhelmed and understaffed. New models and modalities must be considered from the front door of healthcare. Like general practitioners (GPs), clinical psychologists are qualified to work across the age range and transdiagnostically.AimTo explore GPs' understanding of the role of a clinical psychologist and to examine what is helpful and unhelpful for GPs about working alongside a clinical psychologist within general practice.Design and SettingThis research took place within a primary care general practice in the United Kingdom.MethodSeven qualified GPs were recruited as participants using a purposive sampling method. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze participant's experiences of working alongside clinical psychologists.ResultsThree superordinate themes and 12 subordinate themes were identified. First, GP clinical psychologists support patients directly by providing preventative care, reducing stigma, and offering a different perspective. Second, they support GP well‐being and contribute to emotional and behavioral changes in staff. Third, they help to alleviate pressures on wider systems, ease navigation of external services, challenge dominant systems within healthcare, and support community interventions.ConclusionGP clinical psychologists impact general practice in multiple ways: indirectly through patient care, by GPs themselves, and by addressing wider systems. Future research is encouraged to explore the perspectives of other staff members and patient's experiences.
HERV Modulation in Colorectal Carcinoma Patients: A Snapshot of Endogenous Retroviral Transcriptome
Authors: Grandi Nicole , Liu Ching‐Hsuan , Chabukswar Saili , Carta Daniele , Yen Yun , Lin Liang‐Tzung , Tramontano Enzo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are proviral relics of infections that affected primates' germ line. Many HERV elements retain a residual capacity to encode transcripts and proteins that have been occasionally domesticated for the host physiology. In addition, HERV transcriptional modulation is of great interest to clarify the etiology of complex disorders such as cancer, even if a few studies assessed the specific HERV loci modulated in tumor tissues. In the present work, we used a transcriptomic approach to investigate the specific expression of ~3300 HERV loci in paired tumor and normal tissues of 7 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. A total of 102 HERVs were significantly modulated in CRC, with a general tendency towards downregulation. Of note, among the 42 upregulated HERVs 23 belonged to the HERV‐H group, that is the most investigated in CRC. De novo transcriptome reconstruction and qPCR validation allowed to identify a transcript from a HERV‐H locus on chromosome Xp22.3 with high specific expression in CRC samples, potentially encoding for a partial Pol protein. These results provide a detailed description of HERV transcriptional variations in CRC and its interindividual variability, identifying a HERV‐H transcript that deserves further investigation for its possible impact on tumor progression.