bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triglycerides and Amputation Risk in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Callaghan Brian C. , Feldman Eva , Liu Jennifer , Kerber Kevin , Pop-Busui Rodica , Moffet Howard , Karter Andrew J. 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between triglyceride levels and lower-extremity amputation (LEA) risk in a large diabetic cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This is a 10-year survey follow-up study (from 1995–2006) of 28,701 diabetic patients with a baseline triglyceride measure. All patients were fully insured members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program and responded to a survey at baseline that included information on ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, behavioral factors, and information required to determine type of diabetes. The relationship between triglycerides and time to incident nontraumatic LEA, defined by primary hospitalization discharge or procedures, was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS
Triglyceride level was an independent, stepwise risk factor for nontraumatic LEAs within this large diabetic cohort: triglycerides 150–199 mg/dL, hazard ratio (HR) 1.10 (95% CI 0.92–1.32); 200–499 mg/dL, 1.27 (1.10–1.47); &gt;500 mg/dL, 1.65 (1.30–2.10) (reference &lt;150 mg/dL).

CONCLUSIONS
Hypertriglyceridemia is a significant risk factor for LEA in diabetic patients even after controlling for known socioeconomic, health behavioral, and clinical factors. This previously unrecognized clinical risk needs to be further investigated to determine if treatment of triglycerides can reduce amputation risk.
Exenatide Twice Daily Versus Premixed Insulin Aspart 70/30 in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gallwitz Baptist , Böhmer Michael , Segiet Thomas , Mölle Andrea , Milek Karsten , Becker Bernd , Helsberg Karin , Petto Helmut , Peters Natalie , Bachmann Oliver 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE
Hypoglycemia causes recurrent morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study evaluated if exenatide twice daily (BID) was noninferior to premixed insulin aspart 70/30 BID (PIA) for glycemic control and associated with less hypoglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this open-label study, metformin-treated adults with type 2 diabetes were randomized to 26-week treatment with exenatide BID (4 weeks 5 μg, then 10 μg) or PIA.

RESULTS
Exenatide BID (n = 181) was noninferior to PIA (n = 173) for A1C control (least squares [LS] mean change −1.0 vs. −1.14%; difference [95% CI] 0.14 [−0.003 to 0.291]) and associated with a lower risk for hypoglycemia (8.0 vs. 20.5%, P &lt; 0.05). LS mean weight decreased by 4.1 kg and increased by 1.0 kg with PIA (P &lt; 0.001). A total of 39.2 vs. 20.8% of patients reached the composite end point of A1C &lt;7.0%, no weight gain, and no hypoglycemia (P &lt; 0.001; post hoc analysis).

CONCLUSIONS
In metformin-treated patients, exenatide BID was noninferior to PIA for glycemic control but superior for hypoglycemia and weight control.
High-Definition Imaging in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Conrad Jens , Philipps Mark , Oertel Joachim 
Published: January 2011

Background The transsphenoidal approach to sellar lesions has evolved enormously since its first description in the early 20th century. Endoscopic surgical strategies have become an integral part of the surgical armamentarium. More recently, high-definition (HD) digital cameras with better image resolution were introduced, although their value for the surgical procedure remains equivocal. The purpose of this study was to compare the image quality of a standard-definition (SD) camera with a new HD camera. Methods A transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy was recorded simultaneously in HD and SD resolution. Eight experienced neurosurgeons were asked to identify predefined as well as not predefined anatomic structures in HD and SD. Additionally, the video quality of three complementary surgical sequences was rated with grades from 1 (“very good”) to 6 (“poor”). Results An average of 23.6 ± 2.7 predefined structures (84.38%) were identified in HD versus 17.6 ± 4.4 predefined structures (62.95%) identified in SD. This profound difference in the recognition of anatomic structures reached statistical significance (p = 0.012). Subjective impression of video quality was rated 1.9, 1.9, and 1.4 for the videos in HD and 3.5, 3.3, and 3.5 for the complementary videos in SD. These differences also reached statistical significance (p ≤ 0.005). Conclusion HD imaging in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery accounts for significantly better identification of anatomic structures in comparison with SD images. Additionally, the subjective impression of video quality is significantly better in HD. This improved intraoperative orientation by better digital image quality might contribute to reduce the gap in intraoperative visual accuracy between microsurgery and endoscopy in pituitary surgery.
Detection of Bacteria in Normal Adult Nasal Cavity Based on Polymerase Chain Reaction–denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Cho Jae Hoon , Jung Min Young , Kim Jin Kook , Chang Young-Hyo 
Published: January 2011

Background This study investigated the bacterial diversity in a normal adult nasal cavity using polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene fragments and compared the results with those of a culture-based method. Methods We swabbed the inferior turbinate from 19 normal volunteers. The transport media was divided by two, one for bacterial culture and another direct extraction for bacterial DNA. PCR-DGGE was performed from the bacterial DNA and all of the sequences were compared with the reference organism by using the BLAST program (a genome database of GenBank in the National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD). Results All 224 colonies were obtained from 19 samples by using a culture-based method; however, only 9 kinds of bacteria were detected. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently detected bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus was the second most. The detection rates of other bacteria were very low. On the other hand, the PCR-DGGE from direct DNA extraction revealed 34 different bands that corresponded to 23 different kinds of bacteria. There were nine genera, viz., Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium, Actinobacterium, Hafnia, Moraxella, Dolosigranulum, and Clostridium. Among them, unspecific Staphylococcus species and Enterobacter aerogenes were detected most frequently. Conclusion Compared with the previous culture-based method, PCR-DGGE can detect much more diversity of bacteria in the nasal cavity.
Enhancement factors for grounded ice and ice shelves inferred from an anisotropic ice-flow model
Authors: Ma Ying , Gagliardini Olivier , Ritz Catherine , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Durand Gaël , Montagnat Maurine 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPolar ice is known to be one of the most anisotropic natural materials. For a given fabric the polycrystal viscous response is strongly dependent on the actual state of stress and strain rate. Within an ice sheet, grounded-ice parts and ice shelves have completely different stress regimes, so one should expect completely different impacts of ice anisotropy on the flow. The aim of this work is to quantify, through the concept of enhancement factors, the influence of ice anisotropy on the flow of grounded ice and ice shelves. For this purpose, a full-Stokes anisotropic marine ice-sheet flowline model is used to compare isotropic and anisotropic diagnostic velocity fields on a fixed geometry. From these full-Stokes results, we propose a definition of enhancement factors for grounded ice and ice shelves, coherent with the asymptotic models used for these regions. We then estimate realistic values for the enhancement factors induced by ice anisotropy for grounded ice and ice shelves.
Sediment plumes as a proxy for local ice-sheet runoff in Kangerlussuaq Fjord, West Greenland
Authors: McGrath Daniel , Steffen Konrad , Overeem Irina , Mernild Sebastian H. , Hasholt Bent , Van Den Broeke Michiel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMeltwater runoff is an important component of the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) and contributes to eustatic sea-level rise. In situ measurements of river runoff at the ˜325 outlets are nonexistent due to logistical difficulties. We develop a novel methodology using satellite observations of sediment plumes as a proxy for the onset, duration and volume of meltwater runoff from a basin of the GrIS. Sediment plumes integrate numerous poorly constrained processes, including meltwater refreezing and supra- and englacial water storage, and are formed by meltwater that exits the GrIS and enters the ocean. Plume characteristics are measured in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, band 1, 250 m) satellite imagery during the 2001-08 melt seasons. Plume formation and cessation in Kangerlussuaq Fjord, West Greenland, are positively correlated (r2 = 0.88, n = 5, p < 0.05; r2 = 0.93, n = 5, p < 0.05) with ablation onset and cessation at the Kangerlussuaq Transect automatic weather station S5 (490 ma.s.l., 6 km from the ice margin). Plume length is positively correlated (r2 = 0.52, n = 35, p < 0.05) with observed 4 day mean Watson River discharge throughout the 2007 and 2008 melt seasons. Plume length is used to infer instantaneous and annual cumulative Watson River discharge between 2001 and 2008. Reconstructed cumulative discharge values overestimate observed cumulative discharge values for 2007 and 2008 by 15% and 29%, respectively.
Les conditions climatiques du tourisme littoral
Authors: Besancenot Jean-Pierre , Mounier J. , de Lavenne F. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARY
In order to study the climatic conditions of summer tourism in the coastal areas of temperate latitudes, we suggest to adopt the « comprehensive climatology » method. Its principles have been worked out by the Russian authors. Thus, the decades the months of the summer season are expressed in numbers of days w ilh fine, pleasant weather, which are defined according to bioclimalic levels delimiting thermic and hydric comfort...
The knowledge of the frequency of these types of weather enables us to grasp the « atmospheric quality » over a region and to estimate the climat in which man lives. A practical application of the method stresses its value to analyse the data of regional touristic planning.
L'élevage bovin et les transformations récentes des systèmes de productions agricoles en Deux-Sèvres
Authors: Vergneau G. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARY
In his study of cattle-breeding in the Deux-Sèvres area, the author has drawn from new sources and submitted his findings to data-processing. This approach brings high precision to his spatial analyses which are occasionally of a relatively new type ; the economic concentration of livestock being a case in point.
Moreover, in order to improve his review of the present situation and of the recent evolution of cattle-breeding, the author constantly places his survey within a much broader perspective, thus bringing into bearing a whole range of factors capable of boosting to a certain degree the development of the agricultural systems in practice in the area considered.
Le cirque, l'argent et le peuple. À propos d'une inscription du Bas-Empire
Authors: Zuckerman Constantin 
Published: February 2011

REB 58 2000 France p. 69-96
Constantin Zuckerman, Le cirque, l'argent et le peuple. À propos d'une inscription du Bas-Empire. — La révision d'une inscription problématique, provenant de la ville de Bostra en Arabie et datée de 539/40, nous conduit à poser deux questions majeures. La première concerne les finances du théâtre et du cirque, et surtout les personnes responsables de leur gestion, les aurarii, dont le rôle est éclairé et précisé grâce aux données nouvelles. La seconde question porte sur le sens du mot δημόται qui figure dans l'inscription. Notre analyse vise à effacer la distinction entre les deux significations couramment admises, citadins/citoyens et passionnés du cirque, et à restituer aux mots δήμος et δημόται leur unité de sens : ils désignent dans tous les contextes le peuple de la cité et les citoyens qui le composent. Cette démonstration nous oblige à aborder le problème épineux des «partis du cirque» et elle aboutit à une définition structurelle du peuple de la cité, tant à Constantinople que dans d'autres grandes villes de l'Empire..
Nouvelles découvertes sinaïtiques. À propos de la parution de l'inventaire des manuscrits grecs
Authors: Géhin Paul , Frøyshov Stig 
Published: February 2011

REB 58 2000 France p. 167-184
PauL Géhin et Stig Frøysen, Nouvelles découvertes sinaïtiques. A propos de la parution de l'inventaire des manuscrits grecs. — Cet article rend compte de l'Inventaire des manuscrits grecs découvert au Mont Sinaï en 1975. Il met en valeur l'importance de ces découvertes pour l'histoire de la liturgie, notamment palestinienne, et apporte des compléments substantiels concernant le regroupement des fragments et l'identification des textes.
Une relecture du Moyen Âge arménien
Authors: Martin-Hisard Bernadette 
Published: February 2011

REB 58 2000 France p. 199-213
Bernadette Martin-Hisard, Une relecture du Moyen Âge arménien. — L'analyse des deux derniers ouvrages de Nina Garsoïan, un recueil d'articles parus entre 1984 et 1988 et une magistrale étude de la période de formation de l'Église nationale d'Arménie, met en évidence l'ampleur des problèmes doctrinaux qui durent être peu à peu résolus, entre l'Église théodorienne d'Orient et l'Église chalcédonienne de Constantinople, et dans le cadre de la Transcaucasie, en suivant des voies qui ne furent ni rapides ni droites.
Constantinopoli vista da P. Giulo Mancinelli S. J. (1583-1585)
Authors: Ruggieri Vincenzo 
Published: February 2011

REB 60 2002 France p. 113-131
Vincenzo Ruggieri, Constantinopoli vista da P. Giulo Mancinelli S. J. (1583-1585). — The chief of the first Jesuit mission to Constantinople in the 1580's, P. Giulio Mancinelli, is the author of a report of the mission. Preserved in the General Archives of the Jesuit Order (Rome), this document also contains a contemporary description of Constantinople. The article presents an edition and commentary on this topographical part of Mancinelli' s report.
High resolution BrainPET combined with simultaneous MRI
Authors: Langen K.-J. , Weirich C. , Rota Kops E. , Kaffanke J. , Tellmann L. , Scheins J. , Neuner I. , Stoffels G. , Fischer K. , Caldeira L. , Coenen H. H. , Shah N. J. , Herzog H. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryAfter the successful clinical introduction of PET/CT, a novel hybrid imaging technology combining PET with the versatile attributes of MRI is emerging. At the Forschungszentrum Jülich, one of four prototypes available worldwide combining a commercial 3T MRI with a newly developed BrainPET insert has been installed, allowing simultaneous data acquisition with PET and MRI. The BrainPET is equipped with LSO crystals of 2.5 mm width and Avalanche photodiodes (APD) as readout electronics. Here we report on some performance characteristics obtained by phantom studies and also on the initial BrainPET studies on various patients as compared with a conventional HR+ PET-only scanner. Material, methods: The radiotracers [18F]-fluoroethyl- tyrosine (FET), [11C]-flumazenil and [18F]-FP-CIT were applied. Results: Comparing komthe PET data obtained with the BrainPET to those of the HR+ scanner demonstrated the high image quality and the superior resolution capability of the BrainPET. Furthermore, it is shown that various MR images of excellent quality could be acquired simultaneously with BrainPET scans without any relevant artefacts. Discussion, conclusion: Initial experiences with the hybrid MRI/BrainPET indicate a promising basis for further developments of this unique technique allowing simultaneous PET imaging combined with both anatomical and functional MRI.
Median sternotomy and ventral stabilisation using pins and polymethylmethacrylate for a comminuted T5 vertebral fracture in a Miniature Schnauzer
Authors: Allman D. A. , Guiot L. P. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryA 2.9 kg Miniature Schnauzer was referred to our clinic, the Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Service at the Michigan State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, following a dog fight. Physical examination findings upon admission included multiple thoracic wounds, absence of hindlimb deep pain, and marked Schiff-Sherrington syndrome. Computed tomography imaging revealed thoracic wall penetration and a comminuted T5 vertebral fracture. Thoracic exploration and thoracic wall repair were performed through a median sternotomy. The vertebral fracture was exposed and stabilised intra-thoracically through the same approach using pins and polymethylmethacrylate. The pins were placed percutaneously into the vertebral bodies of the adjacent vertebrae. Recovery was uncomplicated and fracture healing was documented eight weeks postoperatively. Spinal trauma secondary to dog fights is relatively common. The presence of concurrent penetrating thoracic injury negatively affects prognosis and necessitates thoracic exploration as soon as feasible. The approach should allow complete thoracic exploration to repair parietal and visceral damage, thus indicating the need for median sternotomy rather than an intercostal approach. The present case report suggested that median sternotomy can be used to safely apply stabilisation devices for the treatment of concurrent spinal trauma. Direct visualisation of the vertebral bodies permited optimal implant anchorage as compared to potentially more hazardous techniques such as dorsal pinning.
Structural Basis for a New Mechanism of Inhibition of H I V-1 Integrase Identified by Fragment Screening and Structure-Based Design
Authors: Rhodes David I , Peat Thomas S , Vandegraaff Nick , Jeevarajah Dharshini , Le Giang , Jones Eric D , Smith Jessica A , Coates Jonathan AV , Winfeld Lisa J , Thienthong Neeranat , Newman Janet , Lucent Del , Ryan John H , Savage G Paul , Francis Craig L , Deadman John J 
Published: February 2011

Background: HIV-1 integrase is a clinically validated therapeutic target for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, with one approved therapeutic currently on the market. This enzyme represents an attractive target for the development of new inhibitors to HIV-1 that are effective against the current resistance mutations. Methods: A fragment-based screening method employing surface plasmon resonance and NMR was initially used to detect interactions between integrase and fragments. The binding sites of the fragments were elucidated by crystallography and the structural information used to design and synthesize improved ligands. Results: The location of binding of fragments to the catalytic core of integrase was found to be in a previously undescribed binding site, adjacent to the mobile loop. Enzyme assays confirmed that formation of enzyme–fragment complexes inhibits the catalytic activity of integrase and the structural data was utilized to further develop these fragments into more potent novel enzyme inhibitors. Conclusions: We have defined a new site in integrase as a valid region for the structure-based design of allosteric integrase inhibitors. Using a structure-based design process we have improved the activity of the initial fragments 45-fold.
A 24-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy of Oral SCIO-469, a p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: GENOVESE MARK C. , COHEN STANLEY B. , WOFSY DAVID , WEINBLATT MICHAEL E. , FIRESTEIN GARY S. , BRAHN ERNEST , STRAND VIBEKE , BAKER DANIEL G. , TONG SANDRA E. 
Published: February 2011

Objective.To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral SCIO-469, a p38 MAPK inhibitor that blocks tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, and cyclooxygenase-2 synthesis in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Patients were randomized to receive SCIO-469 at either 30 or 60 mg three times daily in an immediate-release (IR) formulation or at 100 mg once daily in an extended-release (ER) formulation, or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was American College of Rheumatology (ACR)20 response at Week 12. Safety was monitored through Week 26.Results.Overall, 302 patients were randomized: 76 to placebo, 75 to 30 mg IR, 73 to 60 mg IR, and 78 to 100 mg ER. There were no significant differences in ACR20 responses at Week 12 between SCIO-469 and placebo. Declines in C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate during early treatment did not persist to Week 12 and were not a consequence of decreased SCIO-469 plasma levels. The 60 mg IR regimen showed a dose-limiting toxicity manifested by elevations in alanine aminotransferase. Adverse events were common in all groups (79.7% and 86.7% through 13 and 26 weeks, respectively). Twenty-one patients reported 28 serious adverse events (SAE). SAE were more common with IR SCIO-469 than with placebo (7% vs 4%) but were not reported with ER SCIO-469.Conclusion.In all regimens tested, SCIO-469 showed no greater efficacy compared to placebo in patients with RA. The transient effect of SCIO-469 on acute-phase reactants suggests a complex role of p38 MAPK in inflammation.
Proteinase-activated Receptor-2 Gene Disruption Limits the Effect of Osteoarthritis on Cartilage in Mice: A Novel Target in Joint Degradation
Authors: AMIABLE NATHALIE , MARTEL-PELLETIER JOHANNE , LUSSIER BERTRAND , KWAN TAT STEEVE , PELLETIER JEAN-PIERRE , BOILEAU CHRISTELLE 
Published: February 2011

Objective.Evidence indicates that proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-2 participates in the degradative processes of human osteoarthritis (OA). We evaluated thein vivoeffect of PAR-2 on articular lesions in a PAR-2-knockout (KO) mouse model of OA.Methods.OA was surgically induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus of the right knee in C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) and PAR-2 KO mice. Knee swelling was measured throughout the duration of the study (8 weeks postsurgery) and histologic evaluation of cartilage was done to assess structure, cellularity, matrix staining, and remodeling in the deep zone. Morphometric analysis of subchondral bone was also performed.Results.Data showed significant knee swelling in the operated WT mice immediately following surgery, which increased with time (8 weeks post-surgery). Knee swelling was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.0001) in PAR-2 KO mice than in WT mice at both 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery. Cartilage damage was found in both operated WT and PAR-2 KO mice; however, lesions were significantly less severe (global score; p ≤ 0.05) in the PAR-2 KO mice at 4 weeks postsurgery. Operated WT mice showed reduced subchondral bone surface and trabecular thickness with significance reached at 4 weeks (p ≤ 0.03 and p ≤ 0.05, respectively), while PAR-2 KO mice demonstrated a gradual increase in subchondral bone surface with significance reached at 8 weeks (p ≤ 0.007).Conclusion.We demonstrated thein vivoimplication of PAR-2 in the development of experimental OA, thus confirming its involvement in OA joint structural changes and reinforcing the therapeutic potential of a PAR-2 antagonist for treatment of OA.