bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Size-controlled Copper-nanoparticle-supported Catalyst Using Rapid and Uniform Heating under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Fuku Kojirou , Takakura Shuhei , Kamegawa Takashi , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The size-controlled Cu nanoparticles having average particle size of 4.5, 6.3, and 7.3 nm were prepared on ZnO/SBA-15 mesoporous silica by microwave-assisted alcohol reduction in the presence of surface-modifying ligands possessing different carbon chain length such as sodium laurate (C, 12) and sodium stearate (C, 18), and the efficient hydrogenation reaction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol was achieved by the Cu/ZnO/SBA-15 having Cu nanoparticles with appropriate size.
Preparation of TiO2–Carbon Nanotube Composite Catalysts for Improvement of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2
Authors: Takenaka Sakae , Arike Takafumi , Miyazaki Takahiro , Matsune Hideki , Kishida Masahiro 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles were deposited on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for improvement of their photocatalytic activity. CNTs could be uniformly covered with TiO2 nanoparticles by the hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide in the presence of urea. Urea worked as linker molecules between the CNT surface and the TiO2 nanoparticles. The resultant TiO2–CNT composites showed a high catalytic activity for photodegradation of organic molecules.
Molecular Structure and Magnetic Properties of Pentapyridyl-based Iron(II) and Cobalt(II) Complexes
Authors: Lee Young Hoon , Kato Kazuya , Kubota Emi , Kawata Satoshi , Hayami Shinya 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Two metal complexes, [Fe(tppda)2](ClO4)2·acetone (1) and [Co(tppda)2](PF6)2·MeOH (2) were synthesized, and their molecular structures and magnetic properties were also characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and magnetic susceptibility. Both compounds showed that six pyridyl groups of two tppda ligands were coordinated to the central metal ion while the remaining four pyridyl and four tertiary-amine substituents existed without coordination. Additionally, the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility of both complexes revealed a gradual spin transition for 1 and high-spin state for 2, respectively.
Necklace-shaped Dimethylsiloxane Polymers Bearing a Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Cage Prepared by Polycondensation and Ring-opening Polymerization
Authors: Yoshimatsu Marie , Komori Kunihiro , Ohnagamitsu Yusuke , Sueyoshi Naoto , Kawashima Noriko , Chinen Sumire , Murakami Yuko , Izumi Jin , Inoki Daisuke , Sakai Kiyoshi , Matsuo Takashi , Watanabe Kenichi , Kunitake Masashi 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A series of necklace-shaped dimethylsiloxane (DMS) polymers bearing a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cage were synthesized from bifunctional POSS by two different synthetic routes. One-step or two-step polycondensation between POSS and dimethyloligosiloxane dichloride led to necklace polymers with constant chain lengths (n = 2–8). The ring-opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) with POSS was also found to provide similar necklace-shaped polymers with dispersed chain lengths of DMS. The thermal properties, decomposition temperature (Td5%), and glass-transition temperatures (Tg) of the polymers were strongly dependent on DMS chain length. The polymers with dispersed chain lengths gave higher Tg’s than the polymers with corresponding constant chain lengths. The highest Td5% reached 478 °C.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel i- and g-Line Sensitive Photoacid Generators Based on 9-Fluorenone Derivatives with Aryl–Ethynyl Units
Authors: Kodama Shintaro , Okamura Haruyuki , Shirai Masamitsu 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Imino sulfonate photoacid generators (PAGs) sensitive to i- and g-line were synthesized using 9-fluorenone derivatives with aryl–ethynyl units as starting materials. The PAGs exhibited good thermal stability and photoreactivity at 365 (i-line) and 436 nm (g-line) compared with that of an imino sulfonate PAG synthesized from unfunctionalized 9-fluorenone.
Bladder cancer: utility of MRI in detection of occult muscle-invasive disease
Authors: Rosenkrantz Andrew B , Mussi Thais C , Melamed Jonathan , Taneja Samir S , Huang William C 
Published: May 2012

Background The presence of muscularis propria invasion by bladder cancer is a key factor in prognosis and treatment decisions, although may be missed by biopsy due to sampling error. MRI has shown potential for detection of muscle invasion but has not specifically been evaluated for this purpose in the setting of bladder cancer patients without evidence of muscle invasion on initial biopsy. Purpose To evaluate the role of MRI in detection of muscularis propria invasion by bladder cancer following a pathologic diagnosis of non-invasive tumor. Material and Methods This retrospective study included 23 patients who underwent pelvic MRI following a pathologic diagnosis of bladder cancer without muscularis propria invasion and in whom additional histologic evaluation was performed following MRI. Two radiologists in consensus reviewed T2-weighted images to identify those cases suspicious for muscle invasion on MRI. The radiologists identified whether cases suspicious for invasion demonstrated disruption of the T2-hypointense muscularis layer of the bladder wall, peri-vesical fat stranding, and peri-vesical soft tissue nodularity. Findings were compared with pathologic results obtained after MRI. Results Suspicion was raised for muscle invasion in eight of 23 cases, four of which exhibited invasion on follow-up pathology. No case without suspicion on MRI exhibited invasion on follow-up pathology. Therefore, sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 79%, respectively. Among individual findings, muscularis disruption on T2WI exhibited sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 79%, peri-vesical fat stranding exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 50% and 84%, and peri-vesical soft tissue nodularity exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 25% and 100%. Conclusion MRI demonstrated high sensitivity for detection of muscle invasion in cases of bladder cancer without invasion on initial histologic assessment. Muscularis disruption on T2WI appeared to exhibit a better combination of sensitivity and specificity than did peri-vesical changes.
Treatment of Maladaptive Aggression in Youth: CERT Guidelines I. Engagement, Assessment, and Management
Authors: Knapp Penelope , Chait Alanna , Pappadopulos Elizabeth , Crystal Stephen , Jensen Peter S. ,   on behalf of the T-MAY Steering Group
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To develop guidelines for management and treatment of maladaptive aggression in the areas of family engagement, assessment and diagnosis, and initial management, appropriate for use by primary care clinicians and mental health providers. Maladaptive aggression in youth is increasingly treated with psychotropic medications, particularly second-generation antipsychotic agents. Multiple treatment modalities are available, but guidance for clinicians’ assessment and treatment strategies has been inadequately developed. To address this need, the Center for Education and Research on Mental Health Therapeutics and the REACH Institute convened a steering group of national experts to develop evidence-based treatment recommendations for maladaptive aggression in youth.

METHODS:
Evidence was assembled and evaluated in a multistep process that included a systematic review of published literature; a survey of experts on recommended treatment practices; a consensus conference that brought together clinical experts along with researchers, policy makers, and family advocates; and subsequent review and discussion by the steering committee of successive drafts of the recommendations. The Center for Education and Research on Mental Health Therapeutics Treatment of Maladaptive Aggression in Youth (T-MAY) guidelines reflect a synthesis of the available evidence, based on this multistep process.

RESULTS:
The current article describes 9 recommendations for family engagement, assessment, and diagnosis as key prerequisites for treatment selection and initiation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Recognizing the family and social context in which aggressive symptoms arise, and understanding the underlying psychiatric conditions that may be associated with aggression, are essential to treatment planning.
Off-Label Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa in Pediatric Patients
Authors: McQuilten Zoe K. , Barnes Chris , Zatta Amanda , Phillips Louise E. ,   on behalf of the Haemostasis Registry Steering Committee
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To examine off-label recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) use in pediatric patients including clinical indications, dose, adverse events, and outcomes.

METHODS:
All pediatric patients entered into the Haemostasis Registry from 75 participating hospitals were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Three hundred and eighty-eight pediatric patients received off-label rFVIIa from 2003 to 2009. Median age was 12 months (interquartile range 1 month to 11 years). Clinical context included cardiac surgery (52.1%), medical (11.6%), other surgery (10.8%), hematology/oncology (10.3%), trauma (9.3%), intracranial hemorrhage (3.1%), and liver disease (2.8%). Twenty-six patients received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the time of rFVIIa administration. Median first dose was 114 μg/kg (interquartile range 90–181; range 7–2250). Thirty-four percent received &gt;1 dose. There was a reduction in usage of red blood cells, platelets, fresh-frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate in the 24 hours after the first dose for all patients (all P values &lt; .001). Thromboembolic adverse events (TEAs) were reported in 5.4%. No association between TEA and size of first dose was found. Where data were available, 82% of patients were subjectively classified as responding to rFVIIa. Overall 28-day mortality was 27%. In multivariate analysis, pH values before administration and clinical context were independently associated with response to first dose and 28-day mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
There was a significant reduction in blood product administration after rFVIIa and a subjective response rate of 82%. Both pH and clinical context were associated with response to rFVIIa and mortality. Overall, 5.4% had a TEA reported.
Sensory Integration Therapies for Children With Developmental and Behavioral Disorders
Authors:   SECTION ON COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE,   COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, Zimmer Michelle , Desch Larry , Rosen Lawrence D. , Bailey Michelle L. , Becker David , Culbert Timothy P. , McClafferty Hilary , Sahler Olle Jane Z. , Vohra Sunita , Liptak Gregory S. , Adams Richard C. , Burke Robert T. , Friedman Sandra L. , Houtrow Amy J. , Kalichman Miriam A. , Kuo Dennis Z. , Levy Susan Ellen , Norwood Kenneth W. , Turchi Renee M. , Wiley Susan E. 
Published: May 2012

Sensory-based therapies are increasingly used by occupational therapists and sometimes by other types of therapists in treatment of children with developmental and behavioral disorders. Sensory-based therapies involve activities that are believed to organize the sensory system by providing vestibular, proprioceptive, auditory, and tactile inputs. Brushes, swings, balls, and other specially designed therapeutic or recreational equipment are used to provide these inputs. However, it is unclear whether children who present with sensory-based problems have an actual “disorder” of the sensory pathways of the brain or whether these deficits are characteristics associated with other developmental and behavioral disorders. Because there is no universally accepted framework for diagnosis, sensory processing disorder generally should not be diagnosed. Other developmental and behavioral disorders must always be considered, and a thorough evaluation should be completed. Difficulty tolerating or processing sensory information is a characteristic that may be seen in many developmental behavioral disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, developmental coordination disorders, and childhood anxiety disorders.
Occupational therapy with the use of sensory-based therapies may be acceptable as one of the components of a comprehensive treatment plan. However, parents should be informed that the amount of research regarding the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy is limited and inconclusive. Important roles for pediatricians and other clinicians may include discussing these limitations with parents, talking with families about a trial period of sensory integration therapy, and teaching families how to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapy.
Synthesis of Crystalline ZnO Nanosheets on Graphene and Other Substrates at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Vabbina Phani Kiran , Das Santanu , Pala Nezih , Choi Wonbong 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe report on the fabrication of ZnO nanosheets on Graphene and other substrates at ambient conditions. The growth mechanism and the effect of the substrate are also discussed. Our synthesis method is based on sonochemical reaction of Zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine in aqueous solutions. Extensive analysis by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed crystalline ZnO composition of the ZnO nanosheets. The proposed method is a rapid, inexpensive, low-temperature, catalystfree, CMOS compatible and environmentally benign alternative to existing growth techniques.
Low-voltage graphene transistors based on self-assembled monolayer nanodielectrics
Authors: Mattevi Cecilia , Colléaux Florian , Kim Hokwon , Chhowalla Manish , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate low operating voltage (<|1.5| V) chemical vapour deposited (CVD) graphene transistors using solution processable organic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as nanodielectrics. The transistors show weak extrinsic doping, hysteresis-free operation, low gate-leakage current and good operating stability with bias-stress free characteristics. Most importantly we demonstrate that the Dirac potential can be finely tuned by modifying the molecular end-group of the SAMs without compromising the electrical characteristics of the transistors.
Thermoelastic Dissipation in Composite Silicon MEMS Resonators with Thin Film Silicon Dioxide Coating
Authors: Ghaffari Shirin , Kenny Thomas W. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe analyze thermoelastic dissipation in composite silicon MEMS resonators that exhibit multiple mechanical and thermal modes with complex dynamics. Silicon resonators that are coated with thin films of silicon dioxide can have near-zero temperature coefficients of frequency, making them attractive for use as precision time references. The quality factor of MEMS resonators can be dominated by thermoelastic dissipation (TED), which is triggered by the relaxation of mechanically induced temperature gradients. Recently, Chandorkar et al. (2009) have shown an expression of TED based on entropy generation as a weighted sum of the modal solutions of the three-dimensional heat transfer equation. This expression was obtained for weak coupling between mechanical and thermal dynamics. Applying this same technique to a fully coupled solution to the dynamics, we show that the TED contribution of the dominant thermal modes can be inhibited in the presence of a thin silicon dioxide film. Reduction of the contribution from the dominant thermal mode is shown with increasing oxide. We studied the effects of varying oxide film thickness and beam length. The quality factor was simulated for each unique case and compared to multimode energy dissipation. Our results suggest with some variability, thin film oxide coating affects the thermal relaxation of the composite resonator in the direction of lower TED and increased quality factor.
High-Quality, Smooth Fe3O4 Thin Films on Si By Controlled Oxidation of Fe in CO/CO2
Authors: Shi Fengyuan , Xiang Hua , Rzchowski M. S. , Chang Y. A. , Voyles P.M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe fabricated Fe3O4 thin films on TiN buffered Si by CO/CO2 oxidation at 160 °C. The easy saturation of the magnetization at high magnetic field and high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM) images show low defect density, smooth Fe3O4 thin films. Oxidation at 400 °C resulted in an undesirable second phase in between the TiN and the un-oxidized Fe, but changes in total gas pressure did not lead to a second phase. The crystal structure of this second phase is similar to Fe2TiO4 (ulvöspinel) from HRSTEM and STEM electron energy loss spectroscopy. Fe3O4 thin films grown at 160 °C follow a power law growth model with an exponent of 0.23±0.03.
Electronic Transport in Organic Ferroelectric Gate Field-Effect Transistors with ZnO Channel
Authors: Yamada Hiroaki , Yoshimura Takeshi , Fujimura Norifumi 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe electronic transport properties of the organic ferroelectric gate field-effect transistors (FeFETs) with the ZnO channel were investigated. The FeFETs with the channel thickness below 100 nm show nonvolatile operation and the on/off ratio of 105. The field-effect mobility decreased with decreasing the channel thickness. From the Hall-effect measurement, it was found that the Hall mobility increases and the carrier concentration decreases after the deposition of the organic ferroelectric gate. From these results, the effect of the ferroelectric polarization on the electronic transport in the FeFETs was discussed.
Impacts of Temperature and Moisture on the Resistive Switching Characteristics of a Cu-Ta2O5-Based Atomic Switch
Authors: Tsuruoka Tohru , Hasegawa Tsuyoshi , Terabe Kazuya , Aono Masakazu 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe effects of temperature and moisture on the resistive switching characteristics of oxide-based atomic switches were investigated to reveal their switching mechanism. The observed temperature variations of the SET voltages can be qualitatively explained by the classical nucleation theory. The moisture absorption in oxides results in the formation of a hydrogen-bond network at grain boundaries, and metal ions are likely to migrate along the grain boundaries. Depending on the strength of hydrogen bonds in oxides, the atomic switches exhibit a different switching behavior to ambient conditions.
Synthesis of Resistive Memory Oxides by Ion Implantation
Authors: Bishop S.M. , Rice Z.P. , Briggs B.D. , Bakhru H. , Cady N.C. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report on the use ion of implantation to synthesize resistive memory oxides. The surface of copper thin films was converted to copper oxide using oxygen implantation. Devices fabricated from the copper oxide (CuxO) layers exhibited unipolar switching behavior without the need for a forming voltage. Technology scaling was demonstrated by oxygen implanting copper damascene vias. Unipolar switching was observed in via-based devices down to 48 nm. The current-voltage data of devices scaled from 100 μm to 48 nm suggests that the RESET transition is related to localized Joule heating. Tantalum oxide (TaxOy) was also created by oxygen implantation but exhibited bipolar resistive switching. Analysis of the conduction suggests that the difference between the two resistance states in these devices is largely due to a lowering of the Pt-TaxOy Schottky barrier.
Firing of a Pulse and its Control Using a Novel Floating Electrode Bi-Resistive Device
Authors: Kang Y. , Verma M. , Liu T. , Orlowski M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTA novel resistive device with a floating electrode (RFED) has been manufactured as a stack of layers Cu/TaOx/Pt/TaOx/Cu in a crossbar array comprising two single resistive switches merged antiserially at the common inert Pt floating electrode. The device exhibits four states HRS/HRS, HRS/LRS, LRS/HRS and LRS/LRS, where HRS and LRS are the high and low resistance states, respectively, with only LRS/LRS being fully conductive. When the voltage on one Cu electrode is increased to a value Vth-on(A), a conductive nanofilament (CF) in switch A is formed, while suppressing CF formation in switch B. When the voltage is then extended to negative bias, a sudden jump in the I-V characteristics is observed at Vth-on(B), when the 2nd CF in switch B is formed rendering the RFED device fully conductive. If the current surge just after the formation of CF in 2nd switch exceeds the reset current of the 1st CF, the 1st CF ruptures shortly thereafter, i.e. the conductive state is destroyed as soon as it has been created. This property proves valuable for applications in neural networks where a generation of a current pulse at a critical threshold is required. The height and the time width of the firing pulse is an inherent property of the device and can be controlled by the parameters of the individual switches and their set/reset operations.
Time Voltage Dependency in Resistance Switching TiO2
Authors: Nauenheim Christian , Drouin Dominique , Waser Rainer , Ruediger Andreas 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTResistively switching TiO2 thin films show a multitude of resistance states, which are achieved during the programming and erasing of a memory cell. These resistance states depend on the applied voltage and the allowed current. Additionally, the operation time has a relevant influence on the adjusted resistance. This parameterization points out a potential application in future multi-level cell memory systems, but also determines the persistence of the non-volatile nature and provides an additional insight into the physics of the resistance switching. Our devices consist of metal-insulator-metal stacks made of Pt/TiO2/Ti/Pt, which are built up in crosspoint junctions. The maximum programming current and the maximum erase voltage amplitude were used to tune in the low resistance and high resistance state, respectively, in combination with the operation time. The corresponding dependencies were determined by quasi-static voltage sweeps, pulse bursts and single pulses of up to 4 V and down to 10 ns.
Electric-Field-Induced Al2O3/3C-SiC Resistance Memory
Authors: Yamaguchi Nobuo , Suda Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe propose a new nonvolatile resistance device having a metal/Al2O3/3C-SiC/n-Si/metal metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure. It is explained that the electron trapping states are generated in the Al2O3/3C-SiC interface region of the 3C-SiC layer due to partial oxidation of the 3C-SiC near the interface, and that the on and off states of the device are caused by trapping and detrapping of electrons in the defect states through the Al2O3 layer. The electron capture in the defect states causes high electric-field in the oxide layer which results in high-rate electron tunneling through the oxide layer and lowering the device resistance. We have previously reported the similar memory behavior with a metal/SiO2/SiOx/3C-SiC/n-Si/metal MIS structure, however the new memory exhibits more enhanced endurance characteristics than those of the previous memory, where the trapped electrons are injected and ejected through the 3C-SiC layer.