bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributions of recorded pain in mental health records: a natural language processing based study
Authors: Chaturvedi Jaya , Stewart Robert , Ashworth Mark , Roberts Angus 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine demographic and diagnostic distributions of physical pain recorded in clinical notes of a mental health electronic health records database by using natural language processing and examine the overlap in recorded physical pain between primary and secondary care.Design, setting and participantsThe data were extracted from an anonymised version of the electronic health records of a large secondary mental healthcare provider serving a catchment of 1.3 million residents in south London. These included patients under active referral, aged 18+ at the index date of 1 July 2018 and having at least one clinical document (≥30 characters) between 1 July 2017 and 1 July 2019. This cohort was compared with linked primary care records from one of the four local government areas.OutcomeThe primary outcome of interest was the presence of recorded physical pain within the clinical notes of the patients, not including psychological or metaphorical pain.ResultsA total of 27 211 patients were retrieved. Of these, 52% (14,202) had narrative text containing relevant mentions of physical pain. Older patients (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.19), females (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.49), Asians (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.45) or black (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.59) ethnicities, living in deprived neighbourhoods (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.55 to 1.73) showed higher odds of recorded pain. Patients with severe mental illnesses were found to be less likely to report pain (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.46, p<0.001). 17% of the cohort from secondary care also had records from primary care.ConclusionThe findings of this study show sociodemographic and diagnostic differences in recorded pain. Specifically, lower documentation across certain groups indicates the need for better screening protocols and training on recognising varied pain presentations. Additionally, targeting improved detection of pain for minority and disadvantaged groups by care providers can promote health equity.
Sleep and circadian biomarkers of postoperative delirium (SLEEP-POD): protocol for a prospective and observational cohort study
Authors: Sugg Elizabeth , Gleeson Elizabeth , Baker Sarah N , Li Peng , Gao Chenlu , Mueller Ariel , Deng Hao , Shen Shiqian , Franco-Garcia Esteban , Saxena Richa , Musiek Erik S , Akeju Oluwaseun , Xie Zhongcong , Hu Kun , Gao Lei 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionSurgical patients over 70 experience postoperative delirium (POD) complications in up to 50% of procedures. Sleep/circadian disruption has emerged as a potential risk factor for POD in epidemiological studies. This protocol presents a single-site, prospective observational study designed to examine the relationship between sleep/circadian regulation and POD and how this association could be moderated or mediated by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and genetic risk for AD.Methods and analysisStudy staff members will screen for eligible patients (age ≥70) seeking joint replacement or spinal surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). At the inclusion visit, patients will be asked a series of questionnaires related to sleep and cognition, conduct a four-lead ECG recording and be fitted for an actigraphy watch to wear for 7 days before surgery. Blood samples will be collected preoperatively and postoperatively and will be used to gather information about AD variant genes (APOE-ε4) and AD-related pathology (total and phosphorylated tau). Confusion Assessment Method-Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment will be completed twice daily for 3 days after surgery. Seven-day actigraphy assessments and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System questionnaires will be performed 1, 3 and 12 months after surgery. Relevant patient clinical data will be monitored and recorded throughout the study.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the IRB at MGH, Boston, and it is registered with the US National Institutes of Health on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06052397). Plans for dissemination include conference presentations at a variety of scientific institutions. Results from this study are intended to be published in peer-reviewed journals. Relevant updates will be made available on ClinicalTrials.gov.Trial registration numberNCT06052397.
Feasibility of a screening and prevention procedure for risks associated with dysphagia in older patients in geriatric units: the DYSPHAGING pilot study protocol
Authors: Durlach Olivier , Tripoz-dit-Masson Stéphanie , Massé-Deragon Nicolas , Subtil Fabien , Niasse-Sy Zeinabou , Herledan Chloé , Guittard Laure , Goldet Karine , Merazga Salima , Chabert Margaux , Suel Anne , Dayde David , Merdinian Marion , Falandry Claire 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundDysphagia, particularly sarcopenic dysphagia, is frequent in frail older patients. Sarcopenic dysphagia is a swallowing disorder caused by sarcopenia, corresponding to a loss of muscle mass and strength. It frequently leads to inhalation and to the decrease of food intake, leading the patient to enter a vicious circle of chronic malnutrition and frailty. The awareness of the major health impacts of sarcopenic dysphagia is recent, explaining a low rate of screening in the population at risk. In this context, methods of prevention, evaluation and intervention of sarcopenic dysphagia adapted to the most at-risk population are necessary.MethodsThe DYSPHAGING (dysphagia & aging) pilot study is a prospective, multicentre, non-comparative study aiming to estimate the feasibility of an intervention on allied health professionals using the DYSPHAGING educational sheet designed to implement a two-step procedure ‘screen–prevent’ to mitigate swallowing disorders related to sarcopenic dysphagia. After obtaining oral consent, patients are screened using Eating Assessment Tool-10 Score. In case of a score≥2, procedures including positional manoeuvres during mealtimes, food and texture adaptation should be implemented. The primary endpoint of the study is the feasibility of this two-step procedure (screening–prevention measures) in the first 3 days after patient’s consent.The study will include 102 patients, with an expected 10% rate of non-analysable patients. Participants will be recruited from acute geriatric wards, rehabilitation centres and long-term care units, with the hypothesis to reach a feasibility rate of 50% and reject a rate lower than 35%.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved according to French legislation (CPP Ile-de-France VII) on 15 February 2023. The results of the primary and secondary objectives will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05734586.
Patient preferences in genetic newborn screening for rare diseases: study protocol
Authors: MARTIN Sylvia , Angolini Emanuele , Audi Jennifer , Bertini Enrico , Bruno Lucia Pia , Coulter Joshua , Ferlini Alessandra , Fortunato Fernanda , Frankova Vera , Garnier Nicolas , Grauman Åsa , Gross Edith , Hauber Brett , Hansson Mats , Kirschner Janbernd , Knieling Ferdinand , Kyosovksa Gergana , Ottombrino Silvia , Novelli Antonio , Raming Roman , Sansen Stefaan , Saier Christina , Veldwijk Jorien 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionRare diseases (RDs) collectively impact over 30 million people in Europe. Most individual conditions have a low prevalence which has resulted in a lack of research and expertise in this field, especially regarding genetic newborn screening (gNBS). There is increasing recognition of the importance of incorporating patients’ needs and general public perspectives into the shared decision-making process regarding gNBS. This study is part of the Innovative Medicine Initiative project Screen4Care which aims at shortening the diagnostic journey for RDs by accelerating diagnosis for patients living with RDs through gNBS and the use of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning. Our objective will be to assess expecting parent’s perspectives, attitudes and preferences regarding gNBS for RDs in Italy and Germany.Methods and analysisA mixed method approach will assess perspectives, attitudes and preferences of (1) expecting parents seeking genetic consultation and (2) ‘healthy’ expecting parents from the general population in two countries (Germany and Italy). Focus groups and interviews using the nominal group technique and ranking exercises will be performed (qualitative phase). The results will inform the treatment of attributes to be assessed via a survey and a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The total recruitment sample will be 2084 participants (approximatively 1000 participants in each country for the online survey). A combination of thematic qualitative and logit-based quantitative approaches will be used to analyse the results of the study.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Erlangen University Ethics Committee (22–246_1-B), the Freiburg University Ethics Committee (23–1005 S1-AV) and clinical centres in Italy (University of FerraraCE: 357/2023/Oss/AOUFe and Hospedale Bambino Gesu: No.2997 of 2 November 2023, Prot. No. _902) and approved for data storage and handling at the Uppsala University (2022-05806-01). The dissemination of the results will be ensured via scientific journal publication (open access).
Effects of combined cognitive and resistance training on physical and cognitive performance and psychosocial well-being of older adults ≥65: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Aminirakan Deniz , Losekamm Björn , Wollesen Bettina 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionWith increasing life expectancy of older adult population, maintaining independence and well-being in later years is of paramount importance. This study aims to investigate the impact of three distinct interventions: cognitive training, resistance training and a combination of both, compared with an inactive control group, on cognitive performance, mobility and quality of life in adults aged ≥65 years.Methods and analysisThis trial will investigate healthy older adults aged ≥65 years living independently without cognitive impairments. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) cognitive training, (2) resistance training, (3) combined cognitive and resistance training, and (4) control group (n=136 participants with 34 participants per group). The interventions will be conducted over 12 weeks. The cognitive training group will receive group-based activities for 45–60 min two times a week. The resistance training group exercises will target six muscle groups and the combined group will integrate cognitive tasks into the resistance training sessions. Primary outcomes are: Short Physical Performance Battery, Sit-to-Stand Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Trail Making Test and Stroop Test combined with gait on a treadmill (dual task). Life satisfaction will be measured by the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Secondary outcomes encompass hand grip strength and the Functional Independence Measure.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was provided by the local Ethics Committee at the University of Hamburg (no. 2023_009). Informed consent will be obtained from all study participants. The results of the study will be distributed for review and discussion in academic journals and conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00032587.
Moral distress measurement in animal care workers: a systematic review
Authors: Baysal Yigit , Goy Nastassja , Hartnack Sonja , Guseva Canu Irina 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe mental health of veterinary and other animal health professionals is significantly impacted by the psychological stressors they encounter, such as euthanasia, witnessing animal suffering and moral distress. Moral distress, initially identified in nursing, arises when individuals are aware of the right action but are hindered by institutional constraints. We aimed to review existing research on moral distress scales among animal care workers by focusing on the identification and psychometric validity of its measurement.DesignTwo-step systematic review. First, we identified all moral distress scales used in animal care research in the eligible original studies. Second, we evaluated their psychometric validity, emphasising content validity, which is a critical aspect of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). This evaluation adhered to the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). The results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to search for eligible studies published between January 1984 and April 2023.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included original (primary) studies that (1) were conducted in animal care workers; (2) describing either the development of a moral distress scale, or validation of a moral distress scale in its original or modified version, to assess at least one of the psychometric properties mentioned in COSMIN guidelines.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers used standardised methods to search, screen and code included studies. We considered the following information relevant for extraction: study reference, name and reference of the moral distress scale used, psychometric properties assessed and methods and results of their assessments. The collected information was then summarised in a narrative synthesis.ResultsThe review identified only one PROM specifically adapted for veterinary contexts: the Measure of Moral Distress for Animal Professionals (MMD-AP), derived from the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP). Both MMD-HP and MMD-AP were evaluated for the quality of development and content validity. The development quality of both measures was deemed doubtful. According to COSMIN, MMD-HP’s content validity was rated as sufficient, whereas MMD-AP’s was inconsistent. However, the evidence quality for both PROMs was rated low.ConclusionThis is the first systematic review focused on moral distress measurement in animal care workers. It shows that moral distress is rarely measured using standardised and evidence-based methods and that such methods should be developed and validated in the context of animal care.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023422259.
Anesthesia start time documentation accuracy where peripheral nerve block is the primary anesthetic
Authors: Stone Alexander B , Zorrilla Vaca Andrés , Lirk Philipp , Gerner Philipp , Vlassakov Kamen 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionWhen used as the primary anesthetic, nerve blocks are not billed as separate procedures. In this scenario, the anesthesia start (AStart) time should include the block procedural time. We measured how often AStarttime was documented before the nerve block was placed in the preoperative area, and compared cases where a block team performed the nerve block and cases where the intraoperative anesthesia attending supervised the nerve block. We hypothesized that the involvement of a regional anesthesia team would lead to more accurate documentation of AStart. We also estimated the lost revenue due to inaccurate start time documentation.MethodsThe study population were patients undergoing surgery with a peripheral nerve block as the primary anesthetic. For this analysis, AStartoccurring less than 10 min before the in-operating room time was defined as potentially inaccurate. Lost potential revenue was estimated by taking the difference between the documented time of local anesthetic administration and the documented AStarttime.ResultsA total of 745 cases were analyzed. Overall, 439 cases (58%) cases were identified as having potentially inaccurate start times. There were higher rates of inaccurate AStartdocumentation by the block team (316/482, 65.5%) compared with blocks supervised by the in-room anesthesia attendings (123/263, 46.7%, p<0.001). Overall, the estimated loss in billable revenue during the study period was a total of $70 265.ConclusionsThe performance of primary regional anesthesia procedure by a block team increased the incidence of inaccurate documentation and uncaptured potential revenue. There is need for education about accurate nerve block documentation for anesthesiologists, especially when separate teams are used.
Real-time Neural Appearance Models
Authors: Zeltner Tizian , Rousselle Fabrice , Weidlich Andrea , Clarberg Petrik , Novák Jan , Bitterli Benedikt , Evans Alex , Davidovič Tomáš , Kallweit Simon , Lefohn Aaron 
Published: April 2024

We present a complete system for real-time rendering of scenes with complex appearance previously reserved for offline use. This is achieved with a combination of algorithmic and system level innovations.

Our appearance model utilizes learned hierarchical textures that are interpreted using neural decoders, which produce reflectance values and importance-sampled directions. To best utilize the modeling capacity of the decoders, we equip the decoders with two graphics priors. The first prior—transformation of directions into learned shading frames—facilitates accurate reconstruction of mesoscale effects. The second prior—a microfacet sampling distribution—allows the neural decoder to perform importance sampling efficiently. The resulting appearance model supports anisotropic sampling and level-of-detail rendering, and allows baking deeply layered material graphs into a compact unified neural representation.
By exposing hardware accelerated tensor operations to ray tracing shaders, we show that it is possible to inline and execute the neural decoders efficiently inside a real-time path tracer. We analyze scalability with increasing number of neural materials and propose to improve performance using code optimized for coherent and divergent execution. Our neural material shaders can be over an order of magnitude faster than non-neural layered materials. This opens up the door for using film-quality visuals in real-time applications such as games and live previews.
The SOS1 Inhibitor MRTX0902 Blocks KRAS Activation and Demonstrates Antitumor Activity in Cancers Dependent on KRAS Nucleotide Loading
Authors: Sudhakar Niranjan , Yan Larry , Qiryaqos Fadia , Engstrom Lars D. , Laguer Jade , Calinisan Andrew , Hebbert Allan , Waters Laura , Moya Krystal , Bowcut Vickie , Vegar Laura , Ketcham John M. , Ivetac Anthony , Smith Christopher R. , Lawson J. David , Rahbaek Lisa , Clarine Jeffrey , Nguyen Natalie , Saechao Barbara , Parker Cody , Elliott Adam J. , Vanderpool Darin , He Leo , Hover Laura D. , Fernandez-Banet Julio , Coma Silvia , Pachter Jonathan A. , Hallin Jill , Marx Matthew A. , Briere David M. , Christensen James G. , Olson Peter , Haling Jacob , Khare Shilpi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer and facilitates uncontrolled growth through hyperactivation of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The Son of Sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) protein functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the RAS subfamily of small GTPases and represents a druggable target in the pathway. Using a structure-based drug discovery approach, MRTX0902 was identified as a selective and potent SOS1 inhibitor that disrupts the KRAS:SOS1 protein–protein interaction to prevent SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange on KRAS and translates into an anti-proliferative effect in cancer cell lines with genetic alterations of the KRAS–MAPK pathway. MRTX0902 augmented the antitumor activity of the KRAS G12C inhibitor adagrasib when dosed in combination in eight out of 12 KRAS G12C–mutant human non–small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer xenograft models. Pharmacogenomic profiling in preclinical models identified cell cycle genes and the SOS2 homolog as genetic co-dependencies and implicated tumor suppressor genes (NF1 and PTEN) in resistance following combination treatment. Lastly, combined vertical inhibition of RTK/MAPK pathway signaling by MRTX0902 with inhibitors of EGFR or RAF/MEK led to greater downregulation of pathway signaling and improved antitumor responses in KRAS–MAPK pathway–mutant models. These studies demonstrate the potential clinical application of dual inhibition of SOS1 and KRAS G12C and additional SOS1 combination strategies that will aide in the understanding of SOS1 and RTK/MAPK biology in targeted cancer therapy.
On Nonhuman Agency
Authors: Robles Whitney Barlow 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The concept of nonhuman agency is a contentious issue in historical discourse, provoking disagreement due to its loose definition. The lack of a consistent definition for the term has led to varied and contradictory interpretations, sometimes rendering it counterproductive. Diverse theoretical models across disciplines engage questions of nonhuman agency, spanning Indigenous methodologies, actor-network theory, and new materialisms. Exploration of early modern scientific study of animals reveals the importance of rooting theories of nonhuman influence in concrete historical processes rather than abstractions and within the context of period actors’ categories. Challenging the centrality of nonhuman agency in historical discussions prompts a deliberate consideration of its role for historians, suggesting alternative ways of valuing and analyzing past human entanglements with nonhumans, and questioning whether agency must remain so central to discussions of the more-than-human.
Stalking Wild Maize: Taxonomy, Plant Exploration, and the Search for Corn’s Origins in South America
Authors: Curry Helen Anne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the twentieth century, plant explorers in many countries were enlisted in the assembly of seed and plant collections that brought together hundreds and sometimes thousands of varieties of the same crop species. These collections were, and are, understood chiefly as the foundations for effective plant breeding. Crop seed collections, like other biological collections, were also essential tools of taxonomy; their study was both conditioned by and productive of evolutionary narratives about plant cultures and human natures. A search for Zea mays (maize or corn) and its wild relatives in South America in the 1940s revealed that developing taxonomies of cultivated plant species, especially accounting for distinct local forms of these crop plants, was a profoundly interdisciplinary enterprise. It was also a project conditioned by researchers’ expectations of the places, peoples, and plants that they would encounter. The taxonomy of maize, like other taxonomic enterprises, emerged as a mirror of those who taxonomized.
The Lumumba Legacy and the Enduring Tragedy of the Congo
Authors: Rotberg Robert I. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Had the first prime minister of what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo lived, he might have led the Congolese people to a unified and prosperous nation post-independence. But Patrice Lumumba’s aspirations were cut short by his brutal assassination in late 1960, just months after Congo gained independence from Belgian rule. His death and the enduring impact of it on the Congo’s trajectory are the focus of Reid’s compelling The Lumumba Plot, which exposesthe many egregious errors and sinister efforts of the cia to eliminate Lumumba.