bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive grid resilient based protection method for multi fault scenarios in medium voltage quintuple DC microgrid system
Authors: Fathima S. Faazila , Premalatha L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Multi-microgrid systems offer a versatile solution to many of the challenges including issues on power glitches, grid flow optimization, stability and protection system malfunction faced by traditional centralized power grids. By enhancing resilience, integrating renewable energy, improving efficiency, and supporting economic and environmental goals, they represent a forward-looking approach to modern energy management. Despite of technological progress in fault current detection, significant challenges oriented to false tripping and protection blinding in multi- microgrid structures compared to single microgrid topology still remain unresolved. The primary aspects that require focus while multigrid resilience includes fast fault detection and interruption, nuisance tripping and blinding of protection. This paper enhances the fault isolation speed by proposing adaptive grid resilient scheme (AGRS) with fault identification method using level order tree traversal (LOTT) and Bidirectional Dial’s algorithm, which functions with the assistance of MGMFDS (Microgrid Monitoring Fault Detection System). The presented work analyses the implementation of the proposed adaptive algorithm and tested for various types of faults in a 35-bus quintuple system, where its efficacy in interrupting the fault takes 2.64 ms. The experiments for the proposed work are conducted using a real time simulator for model in loop (MIL) and control hardware in loop (CHIL) testing.
Observation of Kelvin–Helmholtz billows in the marine atmospheric boundary layer by a ship-borne Doppler wind lidar
Authors: Malekmohammadi Shokoufeh , Cheynet Etienne , Reuder Joachim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Kelvin–Helmholtz billows (KHB) and the associated turbulence characteristics in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) are mainly investigated through simulations and limited observations. Traditional methods using in-situ wind sensors are constrained by mast height, resulting in a limited understanding of KHBs at higher altitudes. Lidar remote sensing provides a promising approach for studying KHBs at altitudes above 100 m. This study presents observations of KHBs in the marine ABL above 600 m, through ship-borne lidar observations. Two Doppler wind lidars, one scanning lidar, and one wind profiler, were installed for several months on a crew transfer vessel, operating in the Rødsand 2 wind farm off the coast of Denmark. On 2023-02-22, KHBs were detected between 600 and 800 m altitude over 10 min. The standard deviation of vertical turbulence was found to increase by a factor of two during KHB occurrence. The power spectral density of vertical fluctuations showed a greater increase in the frequency range below 0.1 Hz, with a peak indicating a periodic pattern with a period of 55 s. The kurtosis of the vertical component also showed a large increase near the edge of the billows, as documented in the scientific literature for billows occurring near the surface. The billows triggered a downward mixing of aerosols and momentum to around 550 m. Although no interaction between the wind farm and the KHBs was observed, we hypothesise that KHB may reduce wind farm wake losses in shallower stable layers above the farm by enhancing vertical mixing and downward momentum transport.
Somatostatin triggers local cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in primary cilia to modulate pancreatic β-cell function
Authors: Nilsson Ceren Incedal , Dumral Özge , Sanchez Gonzalo , Xie Beichen , Müller Andreas , Solimena Michele , Ren Huixia , Idevall-Hagren Olof 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Somatostatin, released from δ-cells within pancreatic islets of Langerhans, is one of the most important negative regulators of islet hormone secretion. We find that islet δ-cells are positioned near, and release somatostatin onto, primary cilia of the other islet cell types, including insulin-secreting β-cells. Somatostatin activates ciliary somatostatin receptors, resulting in rapid lowering of the ciliary cAMP concentration which in turn promotes more sustained nuclear translocation of the cilia-dependent transcription factor GLI2 through a mechanism that operates in parallel with the canonical Hedgehog pathway and depends on ciliary Ca2+ signaling. We also find that primary cilia length is reduced in islets from human donors with type-2 diabetes, which is associated with a reduction in interactions between δ-cells and cilia. Our findings show that islet cell primary cilia constitute an important target of somatostatin action, which endows somatostatin with the ability to regulate islet cell function beyond acute suppression of hormone release.
Unleashing the antibacterial potential of ZIFs and their derivatives: mechanistic insights
Authors: Jain Geetika , Chaurasia Radhika , Kaur Bani Preet , Chowdhury Ontar Paul , Roy Hiranmay , Gupta Richa Rani , Biswas Bhaskar , Chakrabarti Sandip , Mukherjee Monalisa 
Published: February 2025

Exploring the mechanisms underlying the antibacterial activity of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) and their derivatives.
Is Knowing Words Enough? Assessing Vocabulary in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Evans Leo , Lund Emily A. , Werfel Krystal L. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Vocabulary skills in children are typically measured with norm-referenced assessments of receptive and expressive vocabulary. Language sample analysis is an alternative method of examining vocabulary actually produced in communicative events and may be better suited to exposing subtle vocabulary weaknesses. Here, we examine the relationship between norm-referenced vocabulary testing and language sample analysis in preschool children, both children with typical hearing (CTH) and children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH).

Method:
Expressive and receptive vocabulary and spontaneous language samples were collected. Language samples were analyzed for complexity (mean length of utterance in words [MLUw]) and variability (number of different noun and verb types produced).

Results:
CTH had significantly higher scores on both expressive and receptive norm-referenced tests and produced sentences with greater syntactic complexity and semantic variability. Relationships between expressive test scores and MLUw were seen in both groups; the number of noun/verb types produced was related for children who are DHH only. Receptive vocabulary was not related to spontaneous spoken language for CTH. Receptive vocabulary was significantly related to MLUw and noun/verb types for children who are DHH. However, when the DHH group was subdivided into performance above and performance below the 50th percentile, relationships held only for the group with below-average performance.

Conclusions:
Results suggest that single-word vocabulary, norm-referenced measures indicating performance above the 50th percentile may not be sufficient to capture nuanced difficulties with vocabulary in children who are DHH. For children who are DHH, performance in the “range of normal” on a norm-referenced test may not capture ways in which their language performance differs from that of peers with typical hearing.
Hardware implementation of fast polar decoders based on a simplified control unit
Authors: Lee Useok , Sunwoo Myung Hoon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper proposes a simplified control unit for fast simplified successive cancellation (FSSC)‐based decoders. Specifically, this paper presents detailed hardware architectures for the simplified stage and operation decision modules based on the one‐hot encoding of control signals. In addition, the proposed simplified control unit is applied to an FSSC decoder and it is compared with state‐of‐the‐art polar decoders. The proposed control unit requires approximately 71% less normalized area than the existing finite‐state machine‐based control unit. Furthermore, the proposed FSSC decoder for the control unit improves the normalized area efficiency by up to 63% compared to conventional FSSC‐based decoders.
Regulation of parallel converters based AC microgrid considering non‐ideal grid conditions
Authors: Tiwari Kripa , Singh Bhim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study proposes an alternating current microgrid that integrates renewable energy sources to enhance energy sustainability. In this system, wind and solar power are initially converted to DC using DC–DC converters; subsequently, they are integrated into a common AC bus through parallel voltage source converters. The goal is to provide uninterrupted power to local loads while addressing power quality issues and efficiently managing power flow within the system. The main contribution of this study is the development of a unified power flow strategy that ensures reliable power delivery by considering peak and off‐peak electricity pricing, as well as the battery state of charge for optimised grid and storage utilisation. Moreover, when the power electronics circuitry is integrated with renewable energy sources, the grid encounters power quality issues at the point of common coupling. Therefore, to mitigate power quality issues at the point of common coupling, particularly with power electronics integration, a frequency‐locked loop based on an amplitude integrator, coupled with a harmonic decoupling network, is used to extract the fundamental components of the grid voltage and reduce harmonic distortion. The proposed topology and control strategies are validated through laboratory testing using a hardware prototype, with the test results demonstrating their effectiveness.
GSA‐Net: Global Spatial Structure‐Aware Attention Network for Liver Segmentation in MR Images With Respiratory Artifacts
Authors: Jiang Jiahuan , Zhou Dongsheng , He Muzhen , Yue Xiaohan , Zhang Shu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAutomatic liver segmentation is of great significance for computer‐aided treatment and surgery of liver diseases. However, respiratory motion often affects the liver, leading to image artifacts in liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and increasing segmentation difficulty. To overcome this issue, we propose a global spatial structure‐aware attention model (GSA‐Net), a robust segmentation network developed to overcome the difficulties caused by respiratory motion. The GSA‐Net is an encoder‐decoder architecture, which extracts spatial structure information from images and identifies different objects using the minimum spanning tree algorithm. The network's encoder extracts multi‐scale image features with the help of an effective and lightweight channel attention module. The decoder then transforms these features bottom‐up using tree filter modules. Combined with the boundary detection module, the segmentation performance can be further improved. We evaluate the effectiveness of our method on two liver MRI benchmarks: one with respiratory artifacts and the other without. Numerical evaluations on different benchmarks demonstrate that GSA‐Net consistently outperforms previous state‐of‐the‐art models in terms of segmentation precision on our respiratory artifact dataset, and also achieves notable results on high‐quality datasets.
Fileira da Resina de Pinheiro
Authors: Soares Andreia , Costa Hilário , Ribeiro Marco , Pestana Miguel 
Published: February 2025

A fileira da resina foi, no passado, importante para Portugal, pela sua escala como produtor e transformador de resina de pinheiro. Atualmente há ressurgimento deste setor económico, uma vez que a resina é uma fonte alternativa bio, em muitas das áreas da química, aos produtos provenientes do petróleo.
Por este motivo, efetuamos uma breve análise à fileira focada na produção e transformação de resina, em que destacamos os aspetos da gestão florestal, produção e valorização da resina, assim como os aspetos relativos à transformação da resina, indústria e mercado, onde se realça a transformação de resina em Portugal, e finaliza-se dando enfase ao contexto internacional desta fileira.
Por fim, dá-se relevância às oportunidades desta fileira, tanto pela gestão florestal, produção e valorização da resina, como pela transformação da resina, indústria e mercado.
A preservação de madeira: Estado atual do conhecimento
Authors: Soares Andreia , Palminha Miguel , Pestana Miguel 
Published: February 2025

A madeira sofre deterioração, já que é um material natural. Esta deterioração dependerá do tempo e ao tipo de condições a que está exposta e, ainda, da espécie de madeira. Assim, a sua modificação - química, térmica, superficial ou impregnação - pode aumentar a durabilidade natural da madeira e, deste modo, melhorar as suas propriedades durante o seu ciclo de vida. Este novo material deverá, no final do ciclo de vida, não apresentar um perigo ambiental superior ao da madeira não tratada.
A maioria destas modificações baseiam-se na limitação ao acesso dos grupos hidroxilo (existentes sobretudo na celulose e hemiceluloses) e que são os principais responsáveis pela higroscopicidade da madeira, criando uma melhoria nas propriedades da madeira tratada.
Muito embora haja uma grande diversidade de agentes de degradação da madeira, o ataque por origem biológica assume grande importância, uma vez que este não depende apenas da sua presença, pois é necessária a existência de certas condições hidrotérmicas ambientais esta degradação, muito rebora a sua conservação esteja também associada à resistência natural da madeira ao ataque por agentes biológicos, e à sua impregnabilidade ou capacidade de receber tratamentos preservadores.
De entre os seres vivos, os fungos - fungos cromogéneos e fungos que originam diversos tipos de podridão - desempenham um papel importante na degradação da madeira, quando as condições temperatura e de oxigénio sejam propícias para o seu desenvolvimento.
Do mesmo modo, as térmitas subterrâneas - insetos xilófagos – são também agentes biológicos que causam estragos, não só pelo volume de material lenhoso deteriorado, mas também por atuarem no interior das peças de madeira.
Para além destas questões associadas á degradação da madeira, faz-se ainda uma resenha da evolução da preservação de madeira, ao longo dos tempos, particularizando-se também esta evolução em Portugal.
Die Delegation und Erweiterung der Aufgaben im Rahmen der Fachpflege
Endoskopie – Aufwertung oder Notwendigkeit?
Authors: Jacobsen Michaela 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Delegation ärztlicher Tätigkeiten an das Assistenzpersonal in der Endoskopie
ist eine gängige Methode der Arbeitsteilung im Klinikalltag. Definierte
rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen gibt es dafür nicht, auch die strukturellen
Voraussetzungen sind dürftig. Eine gut organisierte, rechtlich abgesicherte
Übernahme ärztlicher Tätigkeiten durch qualifiziertes Pflegefachpersonal hätte
weitreichende Veränderungen im Klinikalltag zur Folge. Beispiele hierfür sind
das Freiwerden ärztlicher Kapazitäten, das Binden wichtiger pflegerischer
Kompetenzen in den Endoskopie-Abteilungen und die Reduktion von Wartezeiten für
Patienten.
Hashimoto: Drei Mittel für alle Fälle
Authors: Welsch Katja 
Published: February 2025

SummaryDie Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis zeigt sich klinisch vor allem durch Zeichen einer Hypothyreose wie Müdigkeit, Frösteln, Hauttrockenheit, Gewichtszunahme, Obstipation und depressive Verstimmungen sowie im Labor durch erniedrigte T3- und T4-Werte, erhöhtes TSH und erhöhte TPO-Antikörper. In vielen Fällen bestehen Symptome trotz optimal eingestellter Schilddrüsenwerte fort, was eine begleitende Behandlung auf den Plan ruft. Für die homöopathische Begleittherapie bieten sich als Kardinalmittel Natrium chloratum, Calcium carbonicum und Kalium jodatum in hohen Potenzen an, die nach Symptomen und Konstitution meist über einen längeren Zeitraum verordnet werden und die Lebensqualität deutlich verbessern können. Im vorgestellten Fall konnte mit Calcium carbonicum C1000 bei normalen Schilddrüsenwerten eine hypothyreote Klinik mit Energielosigkeit, Verdauungsstörungen und Gelenkschmerzen erfolgreich ausgeglichen werden.
Nierenstein mit APGAR 6 – prähospitale Analgesie mit Nalbuphin bei nicht bekannter Schwangerschaft im dritten Trimenon
Authors: Herbort Lucas , Deslandes Marvin , Jansen Gerrit , Strickmann Bernd , Grannemann Julia Johanna 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungEs wird über eine 36-jährige Patientin berichtet, die den Rettungsdienst aufgrund abdomineller Schmerzen verständigte. Die Frage nach Vorliegen einer Schwangerschaft wurde verneint, klinisch zeigte sich die Untersuchung des Abdomens unauffällig. Unter der Arbeitsdiagnose Nierenkolik wurde entsprechend lokaler Standards vom Notfallsanitäter Nalbuphin i. v. dosiskonform und indikationsgerecht verabreicht. Im weiteren kurzfristigen Verlauf wurde die Patientin, die sich retrospektiv in der 32. Schwangerschaftswoche befand, von einem gesunden Kind entbunden. Im dargestellten Fall kam es nicht zu kardiorespiratorischen Nebenwirkungen des Nalbuphin beim Neugeborenen. Ob Nalbuphin sicher in der Schwangerschaft angewendet kann, muss Gegenstand weiterer Studien sein. Die prähospitale Anamnese bei Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter sollte die Frage nach der letzten Regelblutung umfassen.
Sterbealter und Liegezeit: Zwei unterschiedliche Herausforderungen
der Forensischen Osteologie
Authors: Ramsthaler Frank , Federspiel Jan M. , Feix-Berscheid Marie-Christine , Verhoff Marcel A. 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDas Alter zum Todeszeitpunkt und das postmortale Intervall (PMI) sind zwei
zentrale Bestandteile des anthropologischen Profils mit besonderem Anspruch
an die jeweilige Schätzung, insbesondere in der forensischen Fallarbeit. In
Lehrbüchern und wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen werden diese beiden
Themen typischerweise separat bearbeitet. Dennoch können sie als logisch
zusammenhängend betrachtet werden, wodurch Gemeinsamkeiten beider Themen
auffallen. Das primäre Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die methodische
Vielfalt anwendbarer Methoden an einer ausgewählten Stichprobe darzulegen
und die Methoden aufzuzeigen, die eine möglichst präzise und objektive
Beurteilung des Alters zum Todeszeitpunkt und des PMI erlauben.Narrativer und erfahrungsbasierter selektiver Review. Zudem wurden
Möglichkeiten und Limitationen verschiedener Methoden (Lamendin, Demirjian,
Nemeskéri und Acsádi) an einer eigenen Stichprobe untersucht.In der großen Anzahl an Publikationen zu den behandelten Themen zeigen sich
signifikante wissenschaftliche Bemühungen, das verfügbare Methodenspektrum
zu erweitern. Die in dieser Arbeit diskutierten Methoden reflektierten die
Ausbildungsinhalte der Forensic Anthropology Society of Europe (FASE) und
eigene Erfahrungen. Basierend auf statistischen Beispielen wurden die
Stärken und Schwächen der zuvor genannten Methoden diskutiert.Das biologische Alter (Alter zum Zeitpunkt des Todes) sowie physikochemische
und mikrobielle Abbauprozesse (PMI) können mit zurzeit verfügbaren Methoden
abgeschätzt werden. Durch Einflussfaktoren bedingt sind die Methoden jedoch
in ihrer Präzision und Schätzsicherheit limitiert. Dies muss bei
gutachterlichen Stellungnahmen klar kommuniziert werden.
Ötzis Knochen: Was das Skelett der Gletschermumie über sein Leben und
Sterben verrät
Authors: Zink Albert 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Gletschermumie Ötzi, entdeckt 1991 in den Ötztaler Alpen, zählt zu den am
besten untersuchten Mumien weltweit. Sein außergewöhnlich guter
Erhaltungszustand ermöglicht tiefgehende Einblicke in die Kupferzeit,
insbesondere in Bezug auf Lebensstil, Ernährung, Krankheiten und Todesursache.
Multidisziplinäre Studien – darunter anthropologische, paläopathologische,
molekulare und radiologische Analysen – lieferten detaillierte Erkenntnisse über
Ötzis Lebensweise und die Umstände seines gewaltsamen Todes. Der vorliegende
Artikel widmet sich den Untersuchungen, die an Ötzis Skelett durchgeführt
wurden, und beleuchtet deren bedeutenden Beitrag zu seiner Erforschung. Das
Skelett zeigt deutliche Spuren intensiver körperlicher Belastung und hoher
Mobilität, erkennbar insbesondere am stark ausgeprägten Schienbein, ein
typisches Merkmal für Bewegungen in alpinem Gelände. Gleichzeitig wiesen
degenerative Gelenkerkrankungen, vor allem an der Wirbelsäule und den unteren
Extremitäten, auf die Beanspruchungen seines Körpers hin. Interessanterweise
zeigten die Gelenke der Arme und Hände kaum Abnutzung. Die Umstände seines Todes
konnten durch detaillierte Analysen rekonstruiert werden: Eine Pfeilverletzung
an der linken Schulter durchtrennte das Schulterblatt und die Arteria subclavia,
was höchstwahrscheinlich tödlich war. Zusätzlich weist ein Schädel-Hirn-Trauma
auf einen möglichen Sturz oder einen weiteren Angriff hin. Die Ergebnisse der
Ötzi-Forschung bieten einzigartige Einblicke in die Lebensbedingungen der
Kupferzeit und die frühen medizinischen Praktiken dieser Epoche. Sie
verdeutlichen, wie sich Ötzi und seine Gemeinschaft an die Herausforderungen
eines harten, alpinen Lebens anpassten.
Improved dynamic model of small stand-alone diesel generators to assess the stability of autonomous microgrids
Authors: Martinez-Bolanos Julio Romel , Manito Alex R. A. , Almeida Marcelo Pinho , Almeida José Cesar , Torres Pedro Ferreira , Pinho João T. , Zilles Roberto 
Published: February 2025

Many remote, isolated communities rely on diesel generators to meet their electrical demands because connecting to conventional electrical grids is either too expensive or technically impractical. In such situations, microgrids made up of diesel gensets and renewable energy sources are most appropriate. However, when diesel generators operate with reduced operating reserve margins, these isolated systems do not have sufficient capacity to withstand large electrical transients, which can lead to instability. As a result, a more detailed evaluation of acceptable levels of renewable energy penetration is required. Hence, the focus of this work is to develop a high-fidelity model for small three-phase diesel generators (SDG), incorporating adaptations to the traditional IEEE Exciter and the Woodward Diesel Engine-Governor Model, with the goal of enhancing the accuracy of dynamic frequency and voltage responses. The effectiveness of the proposed SDG model is validated using field test data of a three-phase genset of 40 kVA–220 V that is part of an operational microgrid. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed model is satisfactory, presenting Normalized Mean Squared Error (NMSE) values around 16% and 10% for speed and voltage responses, respectively.
Development of a stick-slip piezoelectric actuator using bending deformation based on hammer-type driving foot
Authors: Qi Ji , Wang Liang 
Published: February 2025

A new stick-slip piezoelectric actuator using bending deformation based on a hammer-type driving foot is proposed. Ten pieces of piezoelectric ceramic plates instead of a piezoelectric stack are clamped as a sandwich configuration to be served as an actuation unit in this work. The actuator can generate bending deformation by exciting the piezoelectric ceramic plates. Then the bending deformation is converted into the pressing and lateral displacements to press and drive the slider simultaneously due to the special structure of the hammer-type driving foot. The proposed piezoelectric actuator is introduced, and its working principle is clarified. The actuator is designed, and its main sizes are determined by means of the simulation method. A prototype is fabricated, and its output characteristics are measured. The measured results show that the proposed actuator obtained the output speed of 4.44 mm/s when the voltage and frequency are 200Vp-p and 1940 Hz. These results verify the feasibility of the proposed piezoelectric actuator based on a hammer-type driving foot in this work.