bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Stress on Paramedic Performance During Simulated Critical Events
Authors: LeBlanc Vicki R , Regehr Cheryl , Tavares Walter , Scott Aristathemos K. , MacDonald Russell , King Kevin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivesSubstantial research demonstrates that the stressors accompanying the profession of paramedicine can lead to mental health concerns. In contrast, little is known about the effects of stress on paramedics’ ability to care for patients during stressful events. In this study, we examined paramedics’ acute stress responses and performance during simulated high-stress scenarios.MethodsTwenty-two advanced care paramedics participated in simulated low-stress and high-stress clinical scenarios. The paramedics provided salivary cortisol samples and completed an anxiety questionnaire at baseline and following each scenario. Clinical performance was videotaped and scored on a checklist of specific actions and a global rating of performance. The paramedics also completed patient care documentation following each scenario.ResultsThe paramedics demonstrated greater increases in anxiety (P < .05) and salivary cortisol levels (P < .05) in response to the high-stress scenario compared to the low-stress scenario. Global rating scores were significantly lower in the high-stress scenario than in the low-stress scenario (P < .05). Checklist scores were not significantly different between the two scenarios (P = .12). There were more errors of commission (reporting information not present in the scenario) in the patient care documentation following the high-stress scenario than following the low-stress scenario (P < .05). In contrast, there were no differences in omission errors (failing to recall information present in the scenario) between the two scenarios (P = .34).ConclusionClinical performance and documentation appear vulnerable to the impact of acute stress. This highlights the importance of developing systems and training interventions aimed at supporting and preparing emergency workers who face acute stressors as part of their every day work responsibilities.LeBlanc VR, Regehr C, Tavares W, Scott AK, MacDonald R, King K. The impact of stress on paramedic performance during simulated critical events. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(4):1-6.
Modification of cocaine self-administration by buspirone (buspar®): potential involvement of D3 and D4 dopamine receptors
Authors: Bergman Jack , Roof Rebecca A. , Furman Cheryse A. , Conroy Jennie L. , Mello Nancy K. , Sibley David R. , Skolnick Phil 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Converging lines of evidence indicate that elevations in synaptic dopamine levels play a pivotal role in the reinforcing effects of cocaine, which are associated with its abuse liability. This evidence has led to the exploration of dopamine receptor blockers as pharmacotherapy for cocaine addiction. While neither D1 nor D2 receptor antagonists have proven effective, medications acting at two other potential targets, D3 and D4 receptors, have yet to be explored for this indication in the clinic. Buspirone, a 5-HT1A partial agonist approved for the treatment of anxiety, has been reported to also bind with high affinity to D3 and D4 receptors. In view of this biochemical profile, the present research was conducted to examine both the functional effects of buspirone on these receptors and, in non-human primates, its ability to modify the reinforcing effects of i.v. cocaine in a behaviourally selective manner. Radioligand binding studies confirmed that buspirone binds with high affinity to recombinant human D3 and D4 receptors (∼98 and ∼29 nm respectively). Live cell functional assays also revealed that buspirone, and its metabolites, function as antagonists at both D3 and D4 receptors. In behavioural studies, doses of buspirone that had inconsistent effects on food-maintained responding (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg i.m.) produced a marked downward shift in the dose–effect function for cocaine-maintained behaviour, reflecting substantial decreases in self-administration of one or more unit doses of i.v. cocaine in each subject. These results support the further evaluation of buspirone as a candidate medication for the management of cocaine addiction.
Mantle dynamics beneath the Pacific Northwest and the generation of voluminous back‐arc volcanism
Authors: Long Maureen D. , Till Christy B. , Druken Kelsey A. , Carlson Richard W. , Wagner Lara S. , Fouch Matthew J. , James David E. , Grove Timothy L. , Schmerr Nicholas , Kincaid Chris 
Published: July 2012

The Pacific Northwest (PNW) has a complex tectonic history and over the past ∼17 Ma has played host to several major episodes of intraplate volcanism. These events include the Steens/Columbia River flood basalts (CRB) and the striking spatiotemporal trends of the Yellowstone/Snake River Plain (Y/SRP) and High Lava Plains (HLP) regions. Several different models have been proposed to explain these features, which variously invoke the putative Yellowstone plume, rollback and steepening of the Cascadia slab, extensional processes in the lithosphere, or a combination of these. Here we integrate seismologic, geodynamic, geochemical, and petrologic results from the multidisciplinary HLP project and associated analyses of EarthScope USArray seismic data to propose a conceptual model for post‐20 Ma mantle dynamics beneath the PNW and the relationships between mantle flow and surface tectonomagmatic activity. This model invokes rollback subduction as the main driver for mantle flow beneath the PNW beginning at ∼20 Ma. A major pulse of upwelling due to slab rollback and upper plate extension and consequent melting produced the Steens/CRB volcanism, and continuing trench migration enabled mantle upwelling and hot, shallow melting beneath the HLP. An additional buoyant mantle upwelling is required to explain the Y/SRP volcanism, but subduction‐related processes may well have played a primary role in controlling its timing and location, and this upwelling likely continues today in some form. This conceptual model makes predictions that are broadly consistent with seismic observations, geodynamic modeling experiments, and petrologic and geochemical constraints.
About turbulence statistics in the outer part of a boundary layer developing over two-dimensional surface roughness
Authors: Krogstad Per-Åge , Efros Vladislav 
Published: July 2012

The influence of surface roughness on a high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer is investigated in the light of Townsend's wall similarity hypothesis. There is conflicting information in the literature about the effect of surface roughness on the flow structure in the outer layer. Flows over roughness consisting of spanwise rods appear to show unusually strong interaction between the wall and the wake region. It has been suggested that flows which show strong modifications in the outer layer suffer from lack of scale separation between the roughness scale and the largest scale given by the boundary layer thickness. One of the flows which have documented significant roughness effects across the entire layer is the boundary layer developing over roughness made up of spanwise aligned square bars. Here we compare one such flow taken at relatively low Reynolds number with measurements for a boundary layer which develops at much higher Reynolds number. The high Reynolds number (Reθ = 32 600) assures that the range of scale is wide, while at the same time the size of the roughness elements is sufficiently large for the flow to be fully rough. Both sets of data are compared to a smooth wall reference boundary layer and from probability distributions, the quadrant contributions to the shear stress and triple correlation profiles, we show that the outer layer changes are significantly reduced when increasing the Reynolds number and thereby the range of scales. In this case the wall perturbation of the flow is shown to be much smaller than reported in other experiments using the same geometry. Here we find that the modifications in the turbulent structure are limited to about five times the roughness scale. This is in accordance with the wall similarity hypothesis.
INTRA-EU MIGRATION FROM SLOVAKIA
Authors: Bahna Miloslav 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on migration from Slovakia in the context of migration from the 10 countries which became European Union members in May 2004. While on the aggregate level these migration flows confirm the basic assumptions of the neoclassic migration theory, this study tests if insights from the new economics of labour migration (NELM) and migrant network theory are confirmed by those movements. Contrary to Mexico–US migration, such theory evaluation is rather rare in European migration research which is probably caused by the requirement of detailed and reliable datasets. We try to overcome this inconvenience by using Labour Force Survey data. Those data include the necessary information about the households of migrants that can be used to test for predicted interactions. We show on post 2004 labour migration from Slovakia that foreign employment of a household member creates remittance flows and, as expected by the NELM theory, improves the income situation of the household. However, remittances are produced only if the migrating household members are in the position of parents. This finding has consequences for remittance estimations as most of the post accession migration are single young migrants. The existence of intra- and trans-generational migrant networks is also confirmed by our multivariate analysis. While both types of network effects are gender specific, the gender factor seems to be stronger in the case of trans-generational networks. Besides the strong and significant influence of networks that increase the odds of migration to a destination where migrant family members are present, we found preliminary evidence of a ‘culture of migration’ in the households of migrants.
Portuguese adults' physical activity during different periods of the year
Authors: Bento Teresa Cunha , Romero Félix , Leitão José Carlos , Mota Maria Paula 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study aims to describe the daily physical activity (PA) of a sample of adults over the course of 1 year and to examine if there are any changes in achieving PA recommendations when assessed at different periods of the year. Participants, 257 women (age: 58.99±18.93 years, BMI: 26.75±4.57 kg m−2) and 178 men (age: 49.22±20.39 years, BMI: 26.81±3.51 kg m−2), wore an accelerometer 4–7 days. Periods of data collection were defined as T1 (September to December), T2 (January to April) and T3 (May to July). From T1 and T2, men from 20 to 39 years significantly increased values of daily average ct.min−1 (U=506, p=0.012), due to an increase in moderate‐to‐vigorous PA by 15.96 min (U=455, p=0.003). Achievement of the two PA recommendations varied throughout the year and among the gender/age groups. Results from this study showed that women generally maintain their level of PA throughout the year, whereas men show some variation, and that there are periods of the year when individuals are more likely to be involved in PA, or perform lower‐intensity activities, especially older age groups. Also, recommendations of minimum PA are not accomplished in a constant way throughout the year. PA interventions should be conducted while being mindful of the time of year in which they will take place in order to help maintain a consistent PA level throughout the year to ensure health benefits from PA.
Bacterial GRAS domain proteins throw new light on gibberellic acid response mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Iyer Lakshminarayan M. , Aravind L. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Summary: Gibberellic acids (GAs) are key plant hormones, regulating various aspects of growth and development, which have been at the center of the ‘green revolution’. GRAS family proteins, the primary players in GA signaling pathways, remain poorly understood. Using sequence-profile searches, structural comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, we establish that the GRAS family first emerged in bacteria and belongs to the Rossmann fold methyltransferase superfamily. All bacterial and a subset of plant GRAS proteins are likely to function as small-molecule methylases. The remaining plant versions have lost one or more AdoMet (SAM)-binding residues while preserving their substrate-binding residues. We predict that GRAS proteins might either modify or bind small molecules such as GAs or their derivatives.
Contact: aravind@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Supplementary Information: Supplementary Material for this article is available at Bioinformatics online.
A quantitative comparison of the diets of sympatric pelagic sharks in gulf and shelf ecosystems off southern Australia
Authors: Rogers Paul J. , Huveneers Charlie , Page Brad , Hamer Derek J. , Goldsworthy Simon D. , Mitchell James G. , Seuront Laurent 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Rogers, P. J., Huveneers, C., Page, B., Hamer, D. J., Goldsworthy, S. D., Mitchell, J. G., and Seuront, L. 2012. A quantitative comparison of the diets of sympatric pelagic sharks in gulf and shelf ecosystems off southern Australia. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . Predator–prey dynamics represent an important determinant in the functioning of marine ecosystems. This study provides the first quantitative investigation of the diets of sympatric pelagic shark species in gulf and shelf waters off southern Australia. Stomachs of 417 sharks collected from fishery catches between 2007 and 2011 were examined, including 250 bronze whalers, 52 shortfin makos, 49 dusky sharks, 39 smooth hammerheads, and 27 common threshers. Dusky sharks had the highest dietary diversity of the five species examined. We found overlap in the consumption of cephalopods, small pelagic teleosts, crustaceans, and benthic teleosts in bronze whalers, dusky sharks, and smooth hammerheads, and preliminary evidence of specialization in the highly migratory species, the common thresher and the shortfin mako. Findings were discussed and compared with previous studies in other temperate marine ecosystems. This study will significantly improve the understanding of the ecological roles of these top predators in the gulf and shelf habitats off southern Australia, and enhance the ecosystem models being developed for this unique bioregion.
Roles of Four Arabidopsis U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Negative Regulation of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress Responses
Authors: Seo Dong Hye , Ryu Moon Young , Jammes Fabien , Hwang Jae Hwan , Turek Michelle , Kang Bin Goo , Kwak June M. , Kim Woo Taek 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
AtPUB18 and AtPUB19 are homologous U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). AtPUB19 is a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated drought responses, whereas the role of AtPUB18 in drought responses is unknown. Here, loss-of-function and overexpression tests identified AtPUB18 as a negative regulator in ABA-mediated stomatal closure and water stress responses. The atpub18-2atpub19-3 double mutant line displayed more sensitivity to ABA and enhanced drought tolerance than each single mutant plant; therefore, AtPUB18 and AtPUB19 are agonistic. Stomatal closure of the atpub18-2atpub19-3 mutant was hypersensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but not to calcium, suggesting that AtPUB18 and AtPUB19 exert negative effects on the ABA signaling pathway downstream of H2O2 and upstream of calcium. AtPUB22 and AtPUB23 are other U-box E3 negative regulators of drought responses. Although atpub22atpub23 was more tolerant to drought stress relative to wild-type plants, its ABA-mediated stomatal movements were highly similar to those of wild-type plants. The atpub18-2atpub19-3atpub22atpub23 quadruple mutant exhibited enhanced tolerance to drought stress as compared with each atpub18-2atpub19-3 and atpub22atpub23 double mutant progeny; however, its stomatal behavior was almost identical to the atpub18-2atpub19-3 double mutant in the presence of ABA, H2O2, and calcium. Overexpression of AtPUB18 and AtPUB19 in atpub22atpub23 effectively hindered ABA-dependent stomatal closure, but overexpression of AtPUB22 and AtPUB23 in atpub18-2atpub19-3 did not inhibit ABA-enhanced stomatal closure, highlighting their ABA-independent roles. Overall, these results suggest that AtPUB18 has a linked function with AtPUB19, but is independent from AtPUB22 and AtPUB23, in negative regulation of ABA-mediated drought stress responses.
High‐throughput sequence analysis of small RNAs in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) affected by grapevine leafroll disease
Authors: Alabi Olufemi J. , Zheng Yun , Jagadeeswaran Guru , Sunkar Ramanjulu , Naidu Rayapati A. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryGrapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) is one of the most economically important virus diseases of grapevine (Vitis spp.) worldwide. In this study, we used high‐throughput sequencing of cDNA libraries made from small RNAs (sRNAs) to compare profiles of sRNA populations recovered from own‐rooted Merlot grapevines with and without GLRD symptoms. The data revealed the presence of sRNAs specific to Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3, Hop stunt viroid (HpSVd), Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd‐1) and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 (GYSVd‐2) in symptomatic grapevines and sRNAs specific only to HpSVd, GYSVd‐1 and GYSVd‐2 in nonsymptomatic grapevines. In addition to 135 previously identified conserved microRNAs in grapevine (Vvi‐miRs), we identified 10 novel and several candidate Vvi‐miRs in both symptomatic and nonsymptomatic grapevine leaves based on the cloning of miRNA star sequences. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of selected conserved Vvi‐miRs indicated that individual members of an miRNA family are differentially expressed in symptomatic and nonsymptomatic leaves. The high‐resolution mapping of sRNAs specific to an ampelovirus and three viroids in mixed infections, the identification of novel Vvi‐miRs and the modulation of certain conserved Vvi‐miRs offers resources for the further elucidation of compatible host–pathogen interactions and for the provision of ecologically relevant information to better understand host–pathogen–environment interactions in a perennial fruit crop.
Evaluation of North American isolates of Soybean mosaic virus for gain of virulence on Rsv‐genotype soybeans with special emphasis on resistance‐breaking determinants on Rsv4
Authors: Khatabi B. , Fajolu O. L. , Wen R.‐H. , Hajimorad M. R. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryResistance to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in soybean is conferred by three dominant genes: Rsv1, Rsv3 and Rsv4. Over the years, scientists in the USA have utilized a set of standard pathotypes, SMV‐G1 to SMV‐G7, to study interaction with Rsv‐genotype soybeans. However, these pathotypes were isolated from a collection of imported soybean germplasm over 30 years ago. In this study, 35 SMV field isolates collected in recent years from 11 states were evaluated for gain of virulence on soybean genotypes containing individual Rsv genes. All isolates were avirulent on L78‐379 (Rsv1), whereas 19 were virulent on L29 (Rsv3). On PI88788 (Rsv4), 14 of 15 isolates tested were virulent; however, only one was capable of systemically infecting all of the inoculated V94‐5152 (Rsv4). Nevertheless, virulent variants from 11 other field isolates were rapidly selected on initial inoculation onto V94‐5152 (Rsv4). The P3 cistrons of the original isolates and their variants on Rsv4‐genotype soybeans were sequenced. Analysis showed that virulence on PI88788 (Rsv4) was not associated, in general, with selection of any new amino acid, whereas Q1033K and G1054R substitutions were consistently selected on V94‐5152 (Rsv4). The role of Q1033K and G1054R substitutions, individually or in combination, in virulence on V94‐5152 (Rsv4) was confirmed on reconstruction in the P3 cistron of avirulent SMV‐N, followed by biolistic inoculation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that SMV has evolved virulence towards Rsv3 and Rsv4, but not Rsv1, in the USA. Furthermore, they confirm that SMV virulence determinants on V94‐5152 (Rsv4) reside on P3.
Tai Chi exercise and auricular acupressure for people with rheumatoid arthritis: an evaluation study
Authors: Lee Hea‐Young , Hale Claire A , Hemingway Beverley , Woolridge Michael W 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  (i) To assess the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (ii) To ascertain if Tai Chi and auricular acupressure have a potentiation effect in controlling pain. (iii) To evaluate the acceptability and enjoyment of the classes.Background.  Tai Chi has been suggested as a suitable exercise for people with arthritis and specific programmes have been developed. Auricular acupressure is a therapeutic method by which points on the ear are stimulated to treat various disorders.Design.  A pragmatic non‐randomised before/after study to compare the effects of the interventions.Methods.  People with RA (n = 21) were recruited and allocated into two groups. Both groups followed a Tai Chi exercise programme, twice a week for 12 weeks, but one group (n = 14) had, in addition, the auricular acupressure. Physical symptoms and function, pain, quality of life and self‐efficacy were measured in both groups before and after the programme. Acceptability and enjoyment were assessed at the end.Results.  At 12 weeks, both groups had achieved statistically significant improvements in balance, grip strength, pinch strength, 50 foot walk time self reported joint pain, swollen joint count, tender joint count and in self efficacy in relation to pain control. All participants stated that they enjoyed the classes. There was no evidence to suggest that the auricular acupressure enhanced the effects of the Tai Chi intervention.Conclusion.  The classes appeared to be mentally as well as physically helpful to participants.Relevance to clinical practice.  People with a chronic debilitating disease such as RA should be encouraged to undertake gentle strengthening exercise such as Tai Chi because of its potential for physical and psychological improvements.
Knowledge of blood transfusion among nurses
Authors: Hijji Belal , Parahoo Kader , Hussein Mohammad Moshaddeque , Barr Owen 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To measure nurses’ knowledge of blood transfusion in the United Arab Emirates.Background.  Blood transfusion is a fundamental aspect of nursing practice and nurses’ knowledge of it is essential for safe practice. Yet little is known about their blood transfusion practice and the knowledge that underpins it. The few studies that have investigated this topic previously have shown deficiencies in both knowledge and practice. To date, no such study has been carried out in the Middle East.Designs.  A descriptive, cross‐sectional study.Methods.  A random sample of 248 nurses from two general hospitals in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The response rate was 94AE3%. A knowledge questionnaire comprising six sections and 49 items was developed for this study. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results.  The overall knowledge scores of nurses were generally low ranging from 27–56 of a possible score of 70. Data analysis revealed knowledge deficits in several key aspects of blood transfusion. There were statistically significant relationship between nurses’ knowledge and the work setting, the country where they trained and type of qualifications.Conclusion.  This survey highlighted knowledge deficits which could be detrimental to patient safety. These results have implications for nursing education, policy and practice.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses have the responsibility to update their knowledge of and skills in carrying out blood transfusion. The tool developed in this study may be useful for educators and managers to identify gaps in knowledge and inform decisions to address them.