bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embracing the long view: A funder's perspective on Strategic Frame Analysis
Authors: Feinberg Jane , McPhail Curt 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis interview between a member of the FrameWorks staff and a long‐time funder of FrameWorks research and field building highlights the critical role that communications can play in maximizing philanthropy's long‐term impact in the social sector, even—or perhaps especially—in times of economic scarcity and retrenchment. The interview captures the evolution of one foundation's communications strategy, from traditional public relations to an approach based in the tenets of Strategic Framing Analysis, and underscores the challenge of sustaining a framing practice among its grantees.
Video‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) Lobectomy: Focus on Technique
Authors: Flores Raja M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundA clear definition of video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy is lacking in the current peer‐reviewed literature. Reported cases vary from four to six incisions in number, 4.0 to 10.0 cm in length, and with and without rib spreading; in addition, they include direct visualization through a utility incision. Described is a complete standardized three‐incision thoracoscopic technique that maximizes the benefits of minimally invasive surgery without compromising oncologic principles.MethodsPatients with clinically suspected stage I non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were selected for VATS lobectomy on the basis of thoracic computed tomography. VATS lobectomies were performed using a standardized three‐incision technique: a 2‐cm camera port, a 2‐cm posterior port, and a 4 cm utility incision without rib spreading. Hilar structures were individually ligated, fissures were completed, and lymph node dissection was performed entirely under thoracoscopic visualization.ResultsFrom May 2002 to December 2009, VATS lobectomy was performed successfully in more than 600 patients at our institution. There were no operative deaths, and the median length of stay was 4 days.ConclusionsStandardized VATS lobectomy is feasible, expeditious, and safe. This standardized three‐incision technique utilizing a 4‐cm utility incision without rib spreading may allow valid comparisons of conventional procedures in clinical trials.
Gait in children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Authors: Eriksson Marie , Gutierrez-Farewik Elena M. , Broström Eva , Bartonek Åsa 
Published: January 2010

Purpose Lower limb contractures and muscle weakness are common in children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC). To enhance or facilitate ambulation, orthoses may be used. The aim of this study was to describe gait pattern among individuals wearing their habitual orthotic devices. Methods Fifteen children with AMC, mean age 12.4 (4.3) years, with some lower limb involvement underwent 3-D gait analysis. Three groups were defined based on orthosis use; Group 1 used knee–ankle–foot orthoses with locked knee joints, Group 2 used ankle–foot orthoses or knee–ankle–foot orthoses with open knee joints and Group 3 used no orthoses. Results The greatest trunk and pelvis movements in all planes and the greatest hip abduction were observed in Group 1, compared to Groups 2 and 3, as well as to the gait laboratory control group. Maximum hip extension was similar in Groups 1 and 2, but in Group 3, there was less hip extension and large deviations from the control data. Lower cadence and walking speed were observed in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3. The step length was similar in all groups and also with respect to the gait laboratory reference values. Conclusions Children with AMC were subdivided according to orthoses use. Kinematic data as recorded with 3-D gait analysis showed differences among the groups in trunk, pelvis and knee kinematics, and in cadence and walking speed. The step length was similar in all groups and to the gait laboratory reference values, which may be attributable to good hip extension strength in all participants.
ESR position paper on ultrasound
Authors:   ESR Executive Council 2009,   European Society of Radiology
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This paper re-emphasises the important role of diagnostic ultrasound. It underlines the importance of ultrasound as a non-invasive imaging procedure which does not use ionising radiation. The paper also illustrates how ultrasound is often the cornerstone of the work up of the patient and the need for radiology departments to be able to offer expert ultrasound on a 24/7 basis. Some aspects related to turf battles and education are discussed. Finally the way in which these issues will be addressed by the European Society of Radiology is outlined.
The B‐Lynch uterine brace suture, and a bit of this and a bit of that…
Authors: Karoshi Mahantesh 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe widespread application of the B‐Lynch brace suture to control postpartum hemorrhage has sparked interest in a variety of adjunctive methods, used alone or in combination, to control uterine bleeding. Although the B‐Lynch brace suture has been used with good results throughout the world, failures can and do occur in rare instances, especially when the suture is incorrectly placed for use for an inappropriate indication. Four reports of additional methods to control postpartum hemorrhage are published in this issue of IJGO. Three use the B‐Lynch brace suture combined with other techniques. The need for additional techniques reminds the reader of the importance of proper suture application for proper indication. Potential reasons for failure of the B‐Lynch suture are provided.
Acoustic tumor observation and failure to follow‐up
Authors: Hillman Todd A. , Chen Douglas A. , Quigley Matthew , Arriaga Moises A. 
Published: January 2010

ObjectiveTo review the clinical course of patients undergoing observation for their acoustic tumor with evaluation of the incidence and contributing variables to failure to follow‐up.Study DesignCase series with chart review and telephone interview.SettingSingle subspecialty practice.Subjects and MethodsOne hundred twenty‐two patients underwent an observation period after their unilateral acoustic tumor was diagnosed. Follow‐up patterns were noted and multiple patient variables were analyzed to determine risk factors that contributed to risk of failing to keep prescribed follow‐up. Telephone interviews and/or public record reviews were conducted to determine the reasons for failing to follow‐up.ResultsFifty‐two (42.6%) patients failed to keep prescribed follow‐up. No preoperative patient or tumor variables were correlated with the risk of failure to follow‐up. The investigators were able to contact and interview 20 patients to determine reasons for not keeping follow‐up. Of these patients, nine (45%) electively chose not to follow‐up, six (30%) did not appear to have a clear understanding of their diagnosis or treatment options despite adequate counseling, and five (25%) had medical problems that took precedence over the acoustic tumor. Very few patients elected to reschedule follow‐up even after contact was made.ConclusionFailure to follow‐up is a serious problem with acoustic tumor observation protocols. It is difficult to detect which patients are at risk for noncompliance. Patient noncompliance with observation protocols should be considered when determining the most appropriate treatment for each acoustic tumor patient.
Diabetes mellitus in Deutschland
Authors: Icks Andrea , Roden Michael 
Published: January 2010

Einleitung
Der Diabetes mellitus ist von großer Public Health-Relevanz. Dies ergibt sich aus seiner zunehmenden Häufigkeit, dem Risiko für frühzeitige Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und anderen Folgen sowie die dadurch erhöhte Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen und Kosten im Gesundheitswesen. Die Entstehung von Diabetes und auch schwerere Verläufe sind verzögerbar oder vermeidbar. Prävention und Therapie erfordern interdisziplinäre Ansätze mit aktiver Einbindung der Betroffenen in integrierte Versorgungskonzepte.
La mise en gage des personnes. Sociologie comparative d'une institution
Authors: Testart Alain 
Published: January 2010

La mise en gage: état des données pour l'Afrique et l'Asie du Sud-Est ; objet et problématique de cet articleOn appelle dans la littérature africaniste (I) «mise en gage» (angl.pawning) le fait de placer quelqu'un auprès d'un créancier en garantie d'une dette (ou comme sécurité d'un emprunt). Le «gagé» (quelquefois appelé «otage»; angl.pawnou plus rarementpledge) est au service du créancier et lui doit tout son temps de travail ou presque. C'est là une forme de dépendance, sinon d'asservissement, qui a souvent été confondue avec l'esclavage pour dette, d'autant plus facilement que le gagé risquait à terme d'être réduit en esclavage (et l'était effectivement dans la plupart des cas) si la dette n'était pas remboursée. Or ce sont là deux institutions tout à fait différentes.
A new species ofDiplocynodon(Crocodylia, Alligatoroidea) from the Late Eocene of the Massif Central, France, and the evolution of the genus in the climatic context of the Late Palaeogene
Authors: MARTIN JEREMY E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe genusDiplocynodonis widely recorded in Europe from Early Eocene up to Middle Miocene times. A fragmented but almost complete skull of a new species ofDiplocynodonis reported from the Late Eocene locality of Domérat, northern border of the Massif Central (Allier), France. The present skull provides an important basis for comparison with other members of the genus and complements a fossil record full of gaps despite the large number of vertebrate localities spanning the Cenozoic. The new taxon occurs at a key period for climate evolution with conditions marking the transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse world. The response of crocodylian assemblages to this climatic shift is discussed in light of evidence for their decline in diversity from the Eocene period onward.
The effects of host size and temperature on the emergence ofEchinoparyphium recurvatumcercariae fromLymnaea peregraunder natural light conditions
Authors: Morley N.J. , Adam M.E. , Lewis J.W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe production of cercariae from their snail host is a fundamental component of transmission success in trematodes. The emergence ofEchinoparyphium recurvatum(Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) cercariae fromLymnaea peregrawas studied under natural sunlight conditions, using naturally infected snails of different sizes (10–17 mm) within a temperature range of 10–29°C. There was a single photoperiodic circadian cycle of emergence with one peak, which correlated with the maximum diffuse sunlight irradiation. At 21°C the daily number of emerging cercariae increased with increasing host snail size, but variations in cercarial emergence did occur between both individual snails and different days. There was only limited evidence of cyclic emergence patterns over a 3-week period, probably due to extensive snail mortality, particularly those in the larger size classes. Very few cercariae emerged in all snail size classes at the lowest temperature studied (10°C), but at increasingly higher temperatures elevated numbers of cercariae emerged, reaching an optimum between 17 and 25°C. Above this range emergence was reduced. At all temperatures more cercariae emerged from larger snails. Analysis of emergence using theQ10value, a measure of physiological processes over temperature ranges, showed that between 10 and 21°C ( ≈ 15°C)Q10values exceeded 100 for all snail size classes, indicating a substantially greater emergence than would be expected for normal physiological rates. From 14 to 25°C ( ≈ 20°C) cercarial emergence in most snail size classes showed little change inQ10, although in the smallest size class emergence was still substantially greater than the typicalQ10increase expected over this temperature range. At the highest range of 21–29°C ( ≈ 25°C),Q10was much reduced. The importance of these results for cercarial emergence under global climate change is discussed.
Some surprising manifestations of charged particle dynamics in a magnetic field
Authors: VARMA RAM K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe present here some very unusual experimental results on the dynamics of charged particle in a magnetic field which cannot be comprehended in terms of the Lorentz dynamics regarded, as per the current conceptual framework, as the appropriate one for the macro-scale description. Astonishingly, these results have been shown to be manifestations of a novel macro-scale quantum structure, designated as ‘transition amplitude wave’ (TAW), riding with the guiding centre trajectory, which is generated in the latter trajectory in consequence of the scattering of the particle with a fixed scattering centre. One set of observed results is thus identified as matter wave interference effects on the macro-scale attributable to this entity. The other enigmatic observation demonstrates the detection of a curl-free magnetic vector potential on the macro-scale, which is also shown to be a consequence of the TAW embedded in the Lorentz trajectory. These enigmatic results thus point to the unravelling of a new concept of a ‘dressed’ Lorentz trajectory—dressed with the TAW—accountable for these results, as against the ‘bare’ trajectory. These results and the formalism which enables one to comprehend them have led to the emergence of a new class of phenomena which display quantum properties on the macro-scale.
Stable localized electromagnetic pulses in asymmetric pair plasmas
Authors: BEREZHIANI V. I. , MAHAJAN S. M. , SHATASHVILI N. L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIt is shown that pair plasmas, through the new focusing–defocusing nonlinearity generated by an ‘asymmetry’ in initial temperatures of constituent species, can support multidimensional, stable, large-amplitude light bullets as well as bullets carrying vortices, i.e. spinning bullets.
New aspects on plasma wave and instability phenomena in basic-plasma experiments
Authors: HATAKEYAMA R. , KANEKO T. , OOHARA W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOur basic-plasma experiments relating to fusion-oriented and space plasmas have yielded deep and unique insight into wave and instability physics in ordinary electron-ion and unusual pair-particle plasmas. Here recent results on flow shears, polarization reversal and pair-ions are presented in the way that light is shed on the underlying physics.
“She thinks you’rekawaii”: Socializing affect, gender, and relationships in a Japanese preschool
Authors: BURDELSKI MATTHEW , MITSUHASHI KOJI 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTKawaii, an adjective meaning ‘cute’, ‘adorable’, and ‘lovable’, is an important aspect of Japanese material culture and a key affect word used to describe things that are small, delicate, and immature. While “cuteness” has been widely discussed in relation to Japanese society and psychology and the globalization of Japanese culture, there has been little analysis of the wordkawaiiin interaction. This article explores the use ofkawaiiin interaction in a Japanese preschool. In particular, it analyzes ways teachers use multimodal resources, including talk, embodied actions, material objects, and participation frameworks, in making assessments of things in the social world and in “glossing” children’s actions as thoughts and feelings, and it examines children’s emerging use ofkawaiiwith teachers and peers. The findings shed light on ways everyday communicative practices shape children’s understandings and use of language in relation to affect, gender, and relationships in preschool.*
On the convergence of greedy algorithms for initial segments of the Haar basis
Authors: DILWORTH S. J. , ODELL E. , SCHLUMPRECHT TH. , ZSÁK ANDRÁS 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe consider the X-Greedy Algorithm and the Dual Greedy Algorithm in a finite-dimensional Banach space with a strictly monotone basis as the dictionary. We show that when the dictionary is an initial segment of the Haar basis in Lp[0, 1] (1 < p < ∞) then the algorithms terminate after finitely many iterations and that the number of iterations is bounded by a function of the length of the initial segment. We also prove a more general result for a class of strictly monotone bases.
Ultrastructure of bovine in vitro-produced blastocysts cryopreserved by vitrification
Authors: Ohboshi Shigeki , Fujihara Noboru , Yoshida Tatsuyuki , Tomagane Hiroshi 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe objective of this study was to examine ultrastructural aspects of bovine in vitro-produced blastocysts associated with cryopreservation by vitrification. Morphologically good embryos were used and treated with ethylene-glycol-based vitrification solution (VS). The untreated embryos had conventional fine structure. The post-warming embryos treated with direct exposure to VS (one-step procedure) showed cellular damage structurally by cryopreservation, which included loss of microvilli, disruption of the plasma membrane, mitochondrial changes and swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum. However, nuclei and junctional regions seemed to be resistant to cryoinjury. In contrast, the post-warming embryos pre-equilibra ted with 10% ethylene glycol for 5 min and subsequent exposure to VS (two-step procedure) showed less damage than those treated by the one-step procedure. Post-warming embryos treated by the two-step procedure were cultured in vitro for 18 h. Some embryos survived and their structures re-formed to the former state, while other embryos showed serious injuries and could not reconstitute the blastocoele. Three post-warming embryos treated by the two-step procedure that survived after in vitro culture were transferred to three recipients and one of these resulted in pregnancy. These results indicate that cryopreservation by vitrification can damage membranous structures of the cells of bovine embryos, the extent and nature of this damage being dependent on the vitrification procedure.
Cortical granule exocytosis is triggered by different thresholds of calcium during fertilisation in sea urchin eggs
Authors: Matese John C. , McClay David R. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryIn sea urchin eggs, fertilisation is followed by a calcium wave, cortical granule exocytosis and fertilisation envelope elevation. Both the calcium wave and cortical granule exocytosis sweep across the egg in a wave initiated at the point of sperm entry. Using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy combined with laser scanning confocal microscopy, populations of cortical granules undergoing calcium-induced exocytosis were observed in living urchin eggs. Calcium imaging using the indicator Calcium Green-dextran was combined with an image subtraction technique for visual isolation of individual exocytotic events. Relative fluorescence levels of the calcium indicator during the fertilisation wave were compared with cortical fusion events. In localised regions of the egg, there is a 6s delay between the detection of calcium release and fusion of cortical granules. The rate of calcium accumulation was altered experimentally to ask whether this delay was necessary to achieve a threshold concentration of calcium to trigger fusion, or was a time-dependent activation of the cortical granule fusion apparatus after the ‘triggering’ event. Calcium release rate was attenuated by blocking inositol 1,4,5-triphospate (InsP3)-gated channels with heparin. Heparin extended the time necessary to achieve a minimum concentration of calcium at the sites of cortical granule exocytosis. The data are consistent with the conclusion that much of the delay observed normally is necessary to reach threshold concentration of calcium. Cortical granules then fuse with the plasma membrane. Further, once the minimum threshold calcium concentration is reached, cortical granule fusion with the plasma membrane occurs in a pattern suggesting that cortical granules are non-uniform in their calcium sensitivity threshold.
Nuclear envelope removal/maintenance determines the structural and functional remodelling of embryonic red blood cell nuclei in activated mouse oocytes
Authors: Szöllösi Daniel , Czołowska Renata , Borsuk Ewa , Szöllösi Maria S. , Debey Pascale 
Published: January 2010

SummaryNuclei of embryonic red blood cells (e-RBC) from 12-day mouse fetuses are arrested in Gophase of the cell cycle and have low transcriptional activity. These nuclei were transferred with help of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated fusion to parthenogenetically activated mouse oocytes and heterokaryons were analysed for nuclear structure and transcriptional activity. If fusion proceeded 25–45 min after oocyte activation, e-RBC nuclei were induced to nuclear envelope breakdown and partial chromatin condensation, followed by formation of nuclei structurally identical with pronuclei. These ‘pronuclei’, similar to egg (female) pronuclei, remained transcriptionally silent over several hours ofin vitroculture. If fusion was performed 1 h or later (up to 7 h) after activation, the nuclear envelope of e-RBC nuclei remained intact and nuclear remodelling was less spectacular (slight chromatin decondensation, formation of nucleolus precursor bodies). These nuclei, however, reinforced polymerase-II-dependent transcription within a few hours ofin vitroculture. Our present experiments, together with our previous work, demonstrate that nuclear envelope breakdown/maintenance are critical events for nuclear remodelling in activated mouse oocytes and that somatic dormant nuclei can be stimulated to renew transcription at a time when the female pronucleus remains transcriptionally silent.
Obama's Missed Landslide: A Racial Cost?
Authors: Lewis-Beck Michael S. , Tien Charles , Nadeau Richard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBarack Obama was denied a landslide victory in the 2008 presidential election. In the face of economic and political woe without precedent in the post-World War II period, the expectation of an overwhelming win was not unreasonable. He did win, but with just a 52.9 percentage point share of the total popular vote. We argue a landslide was taken from Obama because of race prejudice. In our article, we first quantify the extent of the actual Obama margin. Then we make a case for why it should have been larger. After reviewing evidence of racial bias in voter attitudes and behavior, we conclude that, in a racially blind society, Obama would likely have achieved a landslide.
Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, and the Transgendered in Political Science: Report on a Discipline-Wide Survey
Authors: Novkov Julie , Barclay Scott 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article reviews the results of a discipline-wide survey concerning lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and the transgendered in the discipline. We find that both research and teaching on LGBT topics have made some headway into the discipline, and that political scientists largely accept that LGBT issues can be fundamentally political and are worth studying and teaching for that reason. Nonetheless, troubling questions about discrimination both against those who conduct research concerning LBGT issues and LGBT individuals themselves remain.
There Was a Crooked Man(uscript): A Not-So-Serious Look at the Serious Subject of Plagiarism
Authors: McGuire Kevin T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe problem of plagiarism by political scientists has not received much attention. The incidence of plagiarism, however, may be greater than one would think. In this article, I offer a humorous look at what happened when a manuscript of mine was plagiarized. Based on my experience, I offer some suggestions on how scholars might detect and prevent plagiarism.