bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF DEFATTED SOY FLOUR AND WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE ON DOUGH RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF INSTANT VERMICELLI
Authors: SUDHA M.L. , RAJESWARI G. , RAO G. VENKATESWARA 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTDefatted soy flour (DSF) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) having protein content of 54.1 and 61.9%, respectively, were blended with wheat flour at 0–15%. Incorporation of DSF increased the farinograph water absorption from 59.3 to 63.8%, whereas addition of WPC decreased the water absorption to 53.5%. The dough stability increased from 4.5 to 8.5 min with DSF. The increase in maximum pressure value was greater on addition of DSF. The peak viscosity value decreased from 818 to 657 and 587 BU on addition of DSF & WPC, respectively. Instant vermicelli prepared by extruding, steaming and frying made the strands tough on addition of DSF or WPC. The moisture content and oil uptake decreased. Combination of DSF and WPC resulted in acceptable quality instant vermicelli having protein content in the range of 15–17% and the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) in the range of 70–80%.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMarket for the instant vermicelli is increasing with the increase in consumer demand. Instant vermicelli available is just prepared from either refined wheat flour (maida) or semolina (soji). There is a need to have products enriched with protein. Defatted soy flour and whey protein concentrate having protein content in the range of 50–55% can function as the sources of protein. Both have been used in the preparation of high‐protein vermicelli, which not only reduced the fat content in the product, but also had a better in vitro protein digestibility.
Playing games of governance: How and why Fair Trade pioneers evade corporate capture
Authors: Hutchens Anna 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe concept of power in political governance has traditionally focused on domination and the preservation of the status quo. In an economic context, institutional and organizational studies have expressed growing interest in the dynamics of agency and institutional change, captured in the concept of “institutional entrepreneurship.” In the context of global free trade, the Fair Trade movement's experience shows that ongoing institutional entrepreneurship is important for entrepreneurs to transcend absorption by corporate hegemony. In this article I examine the capacity for agency in market institutions through the lens of “defiance” to illuminate the imaginative “game players” who evade institutional capture in the evolution of market governance.
“The Incarceration Revolution”: The Abandonment of the Seriously Mentally Ill to Our Jails and Prisons
Authors: Bloom Joseph D. 
Published: November 2010

In 1848 Dorothea Dix, the famous 19th century advocate for the indigent mentally ill, appealed to the United States Congress to support the setaside of a very large tract of land that was to be used for the “Relief and Support of the Indigent Curable and Incurable Insane.” She stated:It will be said by a few, perhaps that each State should establish and sustain its own institutions; that it is not obligatory upon the general government to legislate for maintenance of State charities…. But may it not be demonstrated as the soundest policy of the federal government to assist in the accomplishment of great moral obligations, by diminishing and arresting wide-spread miseries which mar the face of society; and weaken the strength of communities?
Currents in Contemporary Bioethics
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. 
Published: November 2010

The seemingly interminable debates about health care reform in the last few years have focused mainly on health care access, quality, and cost. Debates on the medical malpractice component of the issue have focused almost entirely on cost. The familiar arguments in favor of limiting liability include the financial and health costs of defensive medicine; decreased physician supply in certain specialties and geographic areas; excessive awards; and high transaction costs, including attorney and expert witness fees. The equally familiar arguments in favor of maintaining tort liability include the need to promote civil justice, deter substandard care, identify incompetent practitioners, and encourage systemic quality improvement.Numerous studies have explored the possible effects of damage caps and other measures on malpractice premiums, health care costs, and other financial endpoints. One relatively under-examined aspect of the issue is how federal legislation expanding access to health care might alter the number of medical malpractice claims. With the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA), it is especially appropriate to consider what effect, if any, the new law will have on the rate of medical malpractice claims.
12 minute consultation: an evidence‐based management of referred otalgia
Authors: Visvanathan V. , Kelly G. 
Published: November 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 409–414Background:  Otalgia is a common presenting symptom to the ENT clinic. The aetiology of otalgia can be divided into otological and referred depending on its underlying pathology. This article aims to provide a systematic and evidence‐based method of managing a patient with referred otalgia.Methods:  The data in this article are based on a literature review performed on MEDLINE and EMBASE in January 2010. The keywords used included otalgia in combination with diagnosis, management, investigations and treatment. Articles in the English language were selected and reviewed. Suitable references from these articles were also reviewed.Results:  The majority of published literature on the management of diseases causing referred otalgia is level III/IV evidence.Conclusions:  An understanding of the different causes of referred otalgia is essential as it can be multifactorial in origin. The main concern in a patient with referred otalgia is overlooking a malignant lesion in the upper aerodigestive tract or base of skull/infratemporal fossae. A thorough history followed by a systematic examination usually helps to arrive at a diagnosis. Treatment should be directed towards the underlying pathology.
Bevölkerungsdynamik: Soziale Sicherheit, Märkte und Familien
Authors: Mason Andrew , Lee Ronald , Lee Sang‐Hyop 
Published: November 2010

AuszugIntergenerationale Ressourcenströme nach oben — von Erwerbstätigen an Ältere — nehmen in den fortschrittlichen Industrieländern ständig zu und sind wesentlich größer als in den Entwicklungsländern. Die Alterung der Bevölkerung ist der wichtigste Faktor für diese Veränderung. Da es keine wesentliche demografische Verschiebung gibt (z.B. Rückkehr zu hohen Geburtenraten), ist ein Anwachsen dieser Ressourcenströme nach oben unvermeidlich. Drei weitere wichtige Faktoren werden das Volumen der von unten nach oben verlaufenden Bewegung ebenso beeinflussen. Erstens schwanken die Arbeitseinkommen im höheren Alter wegen Unterschieden beim durchschnittlichen Renteneintrittsalter, bei der Produktivität, der Arbeitslosigkeit und bei den geleisteten Arbeitsstunden. Zweitens sind die Konsummuster im Alter sehr unterschiedlich, vor allem wegen Unterschieden bei den Gesundheitsausgaben. Drittens ändern sich die Ausgaben für Humankapital (d.h. Ausgaben für Gesundheit und Bildung von Kindern). Ausgaben für Humankapital stehen in Konkurrenz zu Ausgaben für Ältere, aber sie erhöhen auch die Produktivität der nachfolgenden Arbeitnehmergenerationen und die verfügbaren Ressourcen für die Unterstützung von Konsum im Alter.Jede moderne Gesellschaft hängt von einer Reihe von Institutionen und Wirtschaftsmechanismen ab, um Wirtschaftsressourcen aus dem Erwerbsalter in die Altersstufen der Abhängigkeit — an Junge und Alte — zu übertragen. Drei Institutionen sind bei den intergenerationalen Transferbewegungen vorherrschend: der Staat, der Programme der sozialen Sicherheit, Bildung und andere staatliche Transfers umsetzt; die Märkte, die wesentlich sind für die Anhäufung von Vermögen (z.B. kapitalgedeckte Renten und Immobilien); und die Familien, die in allen Gesellschaften den Kindern und in vielen Gesellschaften den Alten wirtschaftliche Unterstützung gewähren. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, erstens zu beschreiben, wie die alternde Bevölkerung und andere Veränderungen Richtung und Umfang der intergenerationalen Ströme beeinflussen; und zweitens, die institutionellen Ansätze für intergenerationale Ströme, die in der Welt zur Anwendung kommen, zu vergleichen. Der Artikel beruht weitgehend auf National Transfer Accounts (NTA), einem System zur Messung von wirtschaftlichen Strömen zwischen den Generationen, das mit dem System der volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung der Vereinten Nationen im Einklang steht. Diese Gesamtrechnung wird derzeit von Forscherteams in 33 Ländern auf sechs Kontinenten konstruiert und spiegelt ein breites Variationenspektrum bei Entwicklungsniveaus, Bevölkerung und Maßnahmen in Bezug auf intergenerationale Transfers.
Technicity of the Body as Part of the Socio‐technical System: the Contributions of Mauss and Bourdieu
Authors: WOLFF ERNST 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aim of this article is to contribute to a philosophy of technics by proposing an answer to the following question: what is the nature of the human body as an element of technical systems? The argument focuses on an examination of the phenomenon of bodily technics. This examination is guided by the conviction that Pierre Bourdieu's social theory can be read as contributing significantly to an answer to the above question. However, since Bourdieu's project is not directly aimed at enhancing our understanding of the technicity of the human body, a reading of Marcel Mauss's seminal essay on bodily technics is also discussed to set the stage for an examination of the technicity of the body and to justify the manner in which Bourdieu's theory is read here. Through a careful study of the key notions of habitus, field, practice, time and rule, Bourdieu's social theory is systematically presented and explored for its contribution to an understanding of the question raised in this article. In conclusion, a number of remarks are made on how the relation between Mauss and Bourdieu is to be understood and on the argumentative strength of Bourdieu's work.
Immunophenotype Predicts Survival Time in Dogs with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Comazzi S. , Gelain M.E. , Martini V. , Riondato F. , Miniscalco B. , Marconato L. , Stefanello D. , Mortarino M. 
Published: November 2010

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a hematologic disorder in dogs, but studies on prognostic factors and clinical outcome are lacking. In people, several prognostic factors have been identified and currently are used to manage patients and determine therapy.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine if the immunophenotype of neoplastic cells predicts survival in canine CLL.Design: Retrospective study.Animals: Forty‐three dogs with CLL.Procedures: Records of dogs with a final diagnosis of CLL were reviewed. For each included dog, a CBC, blood smear for microscopic reevaluation, and immunophenotyping data had to be available. Data on signalment, history, clinical findings, therapy, follow‐up, as well as date and cause of death were retrieved.Results: Seventeen dogs had B‐CLL (CD21+), 19 had T‐CLL (CD3+ CD8+), and 7 had atypical CLL (3 CD3− CD8+, 2 CD3+ CD4− CD8−, 1 CD3+ CD4+ CD8+, and 1 CD3+ CD21+). Among the variables considered, only immunophenotype was associated with survival. Dogs with T‐CLL had approximately 3‐fold and 19‐fold higher probability of surviving than dogs with B‐CLL and atypical CLL, respectively. Old dogs with B‐CLL survived significantly longer than did young dogs, and anemic dogs with T‐CLL survived a significantly shorter time than dogs without anemia.Conclusions: Although preliminary, results suggested that immunophenotype is useful to predict survival in dogs with CLL. Young age and anemia are associated with shorter survival in dogs with B‐CLL and T‐CLL, respectively.
The Effects of Hypohydration on Central Venous Pressure and Splenic Volume in Adult Horses
Authors: Nolen‐Walston R.D. , Norton J.L. , Navas de Solis C. , Underwood C. , Boston R. , Slack J. , Dallap B.L. 
Published: November 2010

Background:Central venous pressure (CVP) is used in many species to monitor right‐sided intravascular volume status, especially in critical care medicine.Hypothesis:That hypohydration in adult horses is associated with a proportional reduction in CVP.Animals:Ten healthy adult horses from the university teaching herd.Methods:In this experimental study, horses underwent central venous catheter placement and CVP readings were obtained by water manometry. The horses were then deprived of water and administered furosemide (1 mg/kg IV q6h) for up to 36 hours. Weight, CVP, vital signs, PCV, total protein (TP), and serum lactate were monitored at baseline and every 6 hours until a target of 5% decrease in body weight loss was achieved. The spleen volume was estimated sonographically at baseline and peak volume depletion. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association of CVP and other clinical parameters with degree of body weight loss over time.Results:There was a significant association between CVP and decline in body weight (P< .001), with a decrease in CVP of 2.2 cmH2O for every percentage point decrease in body weight. Other significant associations between volume depletion and parameters measured included increased TP (P= .007), increased serum lactate concentration (P= .048), and decreased splenic volume (P= .046). There was no significant association between CVP and vital signs or PCV.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:These findings suggest that CVP monitoring might be a useful addition to the clinical evaluation of hydration status in adult horses.
Use of Serum Concentrations of Interleukin‐18 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 as Prognostic Indicators in Primary Immune‐Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs
Authors: Kjelgaard‐Hansen M. , Goggs R. , Wiinberg B. , Chan D.L. 
Published: November 2010

Background:The cytokine response in immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is poorly characterized and correlation with outcome is unknown.Hypothesis/Objectives:To determine if cytokine activity is correlated with outcome in dogs with IMHA.Animals:Twenty dogs with primary IMHA and 6 control dogs.Methods:Prospective study on dogs with IMHA with blood sampling at admission. Serum activity of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐7, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐15, IL‐18, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), interferon‐inducible protein‐10, interferon‐gamma, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) was assessed.Results:Thirty‐day case fatality rate was 25% (5/20 dogs). Increased concentrations (median [range]) of IL‐2 (45.5 ng/L [0;830] versus 0 ng/L [0;46.8]), IL‐10 (8.2 ng/L [0;60.6] versus 0 ng/L [0;88.2]), KC (1.7 μg/L [0.3;4.7] versus 0.5 μg/L [0.2;1.1]), and MCP‐1 (162 ng/L [97.6;438] versus 124 ng/L [90.2;168]) were observed in dogs with IMHA compared with controls. The cytokine profile was indicative of a mixture of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines of various cellular origins. Cytokines/chemokines strongly associated with macrophage/monocyte activation and recruitment were significantly increased in nonsurvivors compared with survivors; IL‐15 (179 ng/L [48.0;570] versus 21.3 ng/L [0;193]), IL‐18 (199 ng/L [58.7;915] versus 37.4 ng/L [0;128]), GM‐CSF (134 ng/L [70.0;863] versus 57.6 ng/L [0;164]), and MCP‐1 (219 ng/L [135;438] versus 159 ng/L [97.6;274]), respectively. Logistic regression suggested increased IL‐18 and MCP‐1 concentrations were independently associated with mortality in this population (P<.05, Wald's type 3).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:A mixed cytokine response is present in dogs with IMHA and mediators of macrophage activation and recruitment might serve as prognostic indicators.
Multi‐level Governance and Security: The Security Sector Reform Process in the Central African Republic
Authors: Bagayoko Niagalé 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThis paper analyses how the security sector reform (SSR) process in the Central African Republic has been defined and then implemented, putting emphasis on the interactions between national and international actors. Therefore, it advocates an approach which consists of expanding the agenda of the traditional multi‐level governance approach and which seeks to seize both the top‐down and the bottom‐up dynamics of decision‐making processes. The first objective is to capture the sets of actors and procedures which drive the reform process, and to map out the various levels of government at which decisions are made. Secondly – and more fundamentally – is to capture the intermingling of domestic and international decision‐making processes which increasingly overlap and interfere with each other in Southern countries.
Security systems in Francophone Africa
Authors: Bagayoko Niagalé 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThis research report is a broad‐based study that seeks to understand the structural and developmental processes that characterise the security sector in Francophone Africa.Although each country has a distinct political history and tradition, similarities in the security apparatus, rooted in its inheritance from the colonial and post‐colonial periods, can be found between Francophone countries in Africa. In the former French colonies, there are similarities to the French security system which are very strong on the normative side, such as the legal and institutional framework or the defence and security actors. However, even if these Francophone African countries borrow a lot from an originally French security system in terms of the institutional design of their security apparatus, they deviate considerably from it in terms of daily practice.The issue at stake in this paper is to highlight the kind of institutional framework prevailing in this set of countries and the specific considerations that international assistance will have to take into account. The paper also analyses briefly the difference between Anglophone and Francophone security systems.Finally, it makes some recommendations that might assist the security sector reform policy agenda and donor and recipient responses to the security challenges faced in Francophone Africa.
Dividend Yields and Stock Returns: Evidence from the Korean Stock Market*
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Kim Moojoon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the relation between dividend yields and stock returns in the Korean market, and provides some valuable implications in light of certain institutional features of the Korean market that differ from those in the USA and other countries. For five portfolios ranked by the long‐term dividend yield we find that stocks with higher dividend yield earn higher risk‐adjusted returns. Because after‐dividend‐tax returns are used in the present paper, this evidence suggests that the tax‐effect hypothesis proposed by Brennan (1970) is not supported in the Korean stock market and non‐tax reasons for the yield effect exist. Interestingly, the positive relation between yields and returns is common in all months except January in the Korean market, and is observed in both large‐firm and small‐firm stocks. In contrast with Keim (1985), this evidence suggests that the dividend yield effect is not another manifestation of the size effect. In addition, we find that the yield effect is not affected by excess returns around the ex‐dividend day, which coincides with the year end.
Assessing Sovereign Debt Strategies Under Alternative Term Structure Models*
Authors: Choi Geon‐Ho , Kim Myung‐Jig , Lee Hangyong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the theoretical restrictions on alternative term structure models in assessing sovereign borrowing strategies. Our approach draws upon Hahm & Kim’s (2003) cost–risk analytic model of sovereign debt management within a mean–variance framework. To explore the effects of different interest rate modeling strategies on government debt portfolio selection, two models are considered; namely, the time series‐based dynamic Nelson–Siegel (DNS) model proposed by Diebold & Li (2006) and the DNS model with arbitrage‐free restrictions proposed by Christensen et al. (2008a). Using monthly spot rates for 12 maturities of nominal Korea Treasury Bonds (KTB) from September 2000 to November 2008, the present paper finds that a more generic term structure model, such as the DNS model, performs better in terms of smaller out‐of‐sample root mean squared errors at different forecast horizons. However, looking at the goodness‐of‐fit, the size of pricing errors and the magnitude of the root mean squared errors suggests that both models are reasonable representations of KTB spot curves. For the actual KTB position as of December 2007, the present paper shows that the 95% cost‐at‐risk level might be able to trim as much as 5–6% by rebalancing the portfolio. Furthermore, DNS models, both with and without no‐arbitrage restrictions, produce a consistent assessment of different strategies. This paper also shows that introducing new short‐term domestic debt instruments, such as 1‐year zero coupon KTB, would benefit government in terms of lowering both the average debt‐service cost and the 95% cost‐at‐risk. However, it is found that such benefits might dissipate if the issuance weights for such instruments exceed a certain level, which is approximately 4% of the position in the case of Korea.
Relationships between occupational history and serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds in exocrine pancreatic cancer
Authors: Bosch de Basea Magda , Porta Miquel , Alguacil Joan , Puigdomènech Elisa , Gasull Magda , Garrido José A , López Tomàs ,   for the PANKRAS II Study Group
Published: November 2010

BackgroundPrevious studies investigating associations between occupational history and risk of exocrine pancreatic cancer (EPC) did not use biomarkers of exposure. The only two studies that measured internal concentrations of organochlorine compounds (OCs) in EPC did not analyse their relationship with occupation.ObjectiveTo analyse the relationship between occupational history and blood concentrations of seven OCs in patients with EPC.MethodsIncident cases of EPC were prospectively identified, and during hospital admission were interviewed face-to-face on occupational history and life-style factors (n=135). Occupations were coded according to the International Standard of Occupations 1988. Some occupational exposures were also assessed with the Finnish job-exposure matrix (Finjem). Serum concentrations of OCs were analysed by high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.ResultsCraftsmen and related trades workers had significantly higher concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners 138, 153 and 180. Years worked in agriculture did not influence concentrations of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, hexachlorobenzene or β-hexachlorocyclohexane. Subjects who ever worked in agriculture had lower concentrations of PCBs (all p<0.05). Occupational exposure to lead, nickel and low frequency magnetic fields was significantly associated with higher concentrations of PCBs.ConclusionsCertain occupations were associated with higher concentrations of PCBs, suggesting that these compounds may account for some increased risks found in previous studies. The lack of association between work in agriculture and concentrations of OC pesticides is consistent with occupation playing a lesser role than diet in influencing OC concentrations. Occupational studies on the relationships among exposure to industrial agents and EPC risk may need to consider adjusting for exposure to PCBs.