bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Wild Emmer Wheat Accessions to Fusarium Head Blight
Authors: Oliver R. E. , Stack R. W. , Miller J. D. , Cai X. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTFusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is a serious disease of wheat (Triticum spp.) worldwide. Host resistance has proven the most effective method of controlling FHB in common wheat (T. aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, genomes AABBDD). Progress in breeding for FHB resistance in durum wheat (T. turgidum L. ssp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28, genomes AABB), however, has been limited by a lack of resistance sources. Fortunately, durum wheat has a large number of tetraploid relatives, which represent a gene pool for improvement of FHB resistance in durum. The objective of this study was to search for sources of FHB resistance in wild emmer wheat [T. turgidum L. ssp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebner) Thell., 2n = 4x = 28, genomes AABB] (TDIC). We evaluated 416 accessions of wild emmer wheat for reaction to FHB using the point inoculation method in a greenhouse environment. Accessions exhibiting a low FHB disease rating in preliminary evaluations were retested in fully replicated experiments. Among the 416 accessions tested, there was wide variation in response to FHB, ranging from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Several accessions showed minimal disease development across two or more seasons and represent potential new sources to enhance resistance of durum wheat to FHB.
Hunting impact on the population dynamics of Pyrenean grey partridgePerdix perdix hispaniensis
Authors: Besnard Aurélien , Novoa Claude , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe grey partridge Perdix perdix used to be a common and widespread species throughout the temperate zone of western Eurasia, but its populations have markedly declined in most parts of its native range since the 1950s. The Pyrenean subspeciesP. p. hispaniensisis threatened by alteration of its habitat, and despite ecological and hunting interest in this subspecies, the impact of harvest on population sustainability remains largely unknown. We assessed mortality of Pyrenean grey partridge and its influence on the population growth rate during 1992‐2001 in the French Pyrenees. Cause‐specific mortality rates were estimated using multistate capture‐recapture models based on fates of 67 radio‐equipped birds. Annual recruitment was estimated as the ratio of juvenile birds to adult birds in harvested samples. Mammalian predators and raptors were each responsible for a 5% monthly mortality rate. At the peak of hunting activity (i.e. October), hunting was responsible for a 30% mortality rate in some years. Modeled population growth rates appeared stable without hunting but negative with hunting. The estimated difference in population growth rates under the two regimes was 0.46. Our estimates of population growth suggest that the population was decreasing during our study, whereas it appeared stable based on ground counts. We discuss this discrepancy and proposed management actions.
Spatial patterns of accumulated browsing and its relevance for management of red deer Cervus elaphus
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Askilsrud Harald , Loe Leif Egil , Veiberg Vebj⊘rn 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe substantial increase of deer populations in Europe and North America in recent decades has led to concerns regarding the long‐term sustainability of current management from an ecosystem perspective. Key questions to be answered are how herbivore density relates to available resource levels, e.g. food availability and browsing pressure, and how this relation should be monitored and included in management. In Norway, the harvest of red deer Cervus elaphus has increased from 1,479 to 35,700 during 1960‐2008. Current monitoring programmes focus on deer body mass and number of seen deer rather than on the state of the vegetation communities. In our study, we quantify browsing frequency on common shrubs and trees in two municipalities, Gloppen and Flora, in the county of Sogn and Fjordane, Norway, to document current browsing pressure levels and to evaluate the potential of using browsing frequency of indicator species as a tool in the monitoring of red deer populations. We found that several species were heavily browsed (median browsing frequency > 60%). Due to their wide availability, we analysed the spatial patterns of accumulated browsing of the highly selected rowan Sorbus aucuparia compared to the less selected bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and birch Betula sp. We predicted less spatial variation in browsing frequency of the highly selected rowan. However, we found that the best model predicting browsing on rowan (forest type, habitat productivity, canopy cover, aspect, slope and distance to arable land) based on habitat variables was more complicated than for birch (habitat productivity and altitude) and bilberry (forest type, habitat productivity, altitude and distance from the coast). This suggests large spatial variation in browsing frequency of rowan even though the average browsing frequency of rowan was higher than for bilberry and birch. Browsing frequency for all species was positively correlated with faeces counts, but only bilberry showed additional correlation with red deer (harvest) density at the local management unit scale. Due to its wide distribution and promising link to local red deer density, bilberry stands out as the most promising species to monitor among winter browse species. However, browsing frequency on different species was not always correlated. It remains to be determined to which extent browsing on bilberry can be used as an indicator for the browsing pressure on the whole vegetation community. The documentation of high browsing frequencies clearly suggests that further focus on these issues is warranted.
Pure and Saturated Red Electroluminescent Polyfluorenes with Dopant/Host System and PLED Efficiency/Color Purity Trade‐Offs
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Baohua , Cheng Yanxiang , Xie Zhiyuan , Wang Lixiang , Jing Xiabin , Wang Fosong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree kinds of red electroluminescent (EL) polymers based on polyfluorene as blue host and 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole derivatives with different emission wavelengths as red dopant units on the side chain are designed and synthesized. The influence of the photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies and emission wavelengths of red dopants on the EL efficiencies and color purities of the resulting polyfluorene copolymers of dopant/host system is investigated by adjusting the electron donating ability of the donor units in D‐π‐A‐D typed 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole derivatives. The devices of these red‐emitting polymers realize remarkable EL efficiency/color purity trade‐offs. The single‐layer devices with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Polymer/Ca/Al show pure red emission at 624 nm with a luminous efficiency of 3.83 cd A−1 and CIE of (0.63, 0.35) for PFR1, saturated red emission at 636 nm with a luminous efficiency of 2.29 cd A−1 and CIE of (0.64, 0.33) for PFR2, respectively. By introduction of an additional electron injection layer PF‐EP(Ethanol soluble phosphonate‐functionalized polyfluorene), high performance pure and saturated red emission two‐layer devices (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Polymer/PF‐EP/LiF/Al) were achieved with maximum luminous efficiencies of 5.50 cd A−1 and CIE of (0.62, 0.35) for PFR1, 3.10 cd A−1 and CIE of (0.63, 0.33) for PFR2, respectively, which are the best results for pure and saturated fluorescent red EL polymers reported so far.
Controlled Synthesis of One‐Dimensional Inorganic Nanostructures Using Pre‐Existing One‐Dimensional Nanostructures as Templates
Authors: Liang Hai‐Wei , Liu Shuo , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTemplate‐directed strategy has become one of the most popular methods for the fabrication of one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures with uniform size and controllable physical dimensions in recent years. This Review article describes the recent progress in the synthesis of 1D inorganic nanostructures by using suitable templates. A brief survey on the templating method based on the organic templates and porous membrane is firstly given. Then, the article is focused on recent emerging synthetic strategies by templating against the pre‐existing 1D nanostructures using different physical and chemical transformation techniques, including epitaxial growth, nonepitaxial growth, direct chemical transformation, solid‐state interfacial diffusion reaction, and so on. The important reactivity role of the 1D nanostructures will be emphasized in such transformation process. Finally, we conclude this paper with some perspectives and outlook on this research topic.
Patterning of soft polydimethylsiloxane elastomers using plasma etching
Authors: Bjørnsen Geir , Roots Jaan , Henriksen Lars 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers spin coated on silicon wafers are patterned using plasma etching. The elastomers are formed by mixing vinyl‐terminated PDMS (prepolymer) and crosslinker containing hydride sites. The elastomers are made softer by adding either excess prepolymer, excess crosslinker, or swelling agent. The different elastomers were etched using reactive ion etching, an old and well established processing technology in the microelectronic and MEMS industry. The etch rate and profiles of the etched surfaces were dependent on the process pressure. The dependence was different for the different elastomers. It was found that at low pressure, the etch rate was dependent on the shear modulus. At high pressures, the etch rate was dependent on the chemical composition of the elastomer. The results for the swollen elastomers were different from those for the nonswollen elastomers. The etch rate was lower and the profiles of the etched cavities were different. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Thermal stability, aging properties, and flame resistance of NR‐based nanocomposite
Authors: Khanlari Samaneh , Kokabi Mehrdad 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolymer/clay nanocomposites have some unique properties due to combination of flame resistance and improved mechanical and thermal stability properties which are important to enhance the material quality and performance. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of organically modified montmorillonite (org‐MMT) on the thermal and flame retardant as well as hardness and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites based on the natural rubber (NR). It was shown that by the addition of 3 wt % of org‐MMT to NR, its aging hardness rise was decreased more than 55% and the ignition time was delayed about 150%. The reduction in heat release rate peak value was equal to 54% compared to the pristine NR. Addition of org‐MMT improved the thermal stability of the NR. Furthermore, nanocomposites which were calendared before curing showed much more thermal stability and fire resistance than those which contained similar amount of organoclay. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of microwave irradiation on the physical properties and structures of wool fabric
Authors: Xue Zhao , Jin‐Xin He 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMicrowaves are high frequency radio waves which are capable of penetrating many materials and causing heat to be generated in the process. To investigate the effect of microwave irradiation on the physical property, chemical structure, surface morphological structure, and fine structure of wool fabric, wool fabric was treated with microwave irradiation under variety of conditions in terms of the power and the time of microwave treatment. The breaking strength, breaking elongation, and whiteness of the treated wool fabric in different humid state were investigated. The structures of the untreated and treated wool were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS). The results show that the physical properties of the treated wool fabrics were changed with microwave irradiation time and power. The chemical structure had not significant change. The surface morphological structure, the concentration of cystine SS bonds and crystallinity of the treated wool were changed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and application of a series of novel anionic acrylamide polymers with cyclodextrin sides
Authors: Zou Changjun , Wu Haomin , Ma Lan , Lei Ying 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, the synthesis and characterization of a new class of macromolecule water‐soluble polymers with cyclodextrin sides were presented, which possess molecular recognition function. The polymer composed with three functional monomers was investigated through an infrared spectrometry and a scanning electron microscope. Then, the rheological properties and the interaction with surfactant of this series of polymer samples were evaluated and compared with polyacrylamide to prove that they have superior rheology performance. Also, through the adsorption experiment it can be seen that the polymer has excellent performance in polymer flooding, and it can effectively reduce over 20% of the surfactant loss caused by stratum absorption in the process of polymer/surfactant flooding. These have laid a theoretical foundation for its application to enhance oil recovery. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Crystallinity, conductivity, and magnetic properties of PVDF‐Fe3O4 composite films
Authors: Bhatt Aarti S. , Bhat D. Krishna , Santosh M. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by hydrothermal process has been studied. X‐ray Diffraction measurements were carried out to distinguish between the phases formed during the synthesis. Using the synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles, poly(vinyledene fluoride)‐Fe3O4 composite films were prepared by spin coating method. Scanning electron microscopy of the composite films showed the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the form of aggregates on the surface and inside of the porous polymer matrix. Differential Scanning calorimetry revealed that the crystallinity of PVDF decreased with the addition of Fe3O4. The conductitivity of the composite films was strongly influenced by the Fe3O4 content; conductivity increased with increase in Fe3O4 content. Vibration sample magnetometry results revealed the ferromagnetic behavior of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles with a Ms value of 74.50 emu/g. Also the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles rendered the composite films magnetic. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Association of familial Mediterranean fever–related MEFV variations with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Cosan Fulya , Üstek Duran , Oku Basar , Duymaz‐Tozkir Julide , Cakiris Aris , Abaci Neslihan , Ocal Lale , Aral Orhan , Gül Ahmet 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has a strong genetic contribution. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessively inherited autoinflammatory disorder caused by MEFV gene missense variations, and a clinical association between FMF and AS has been reported previously. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of common MEFV variations (M694V, M680I, V726A, and E148Q) with AS in a group of Turkish patients.MethodsThe study group comprised 193 patients with AS and 103 matched healthy control subjects. All individuals were genotyped for 4 MEFV variations and HLA–B27 using genomic DNA, and association of the variations with the clinical and laboratory features of the patients was analyzed.ResultsThe MEFV missense variations were significantly more frequent in patients with AS (22.3%) compared with healthy control subjects (9.7%; odds ratio [OR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.28–5.56). This difference was more prominent for exon 10 variations (M694V, V726A, M680I) (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.41–9.97), especially for the most‐penetrant variation M694V (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.39–16.12). MEFV variations were more frequent in HLA–B27–negative patients with AS, and the difference was statistically significant in patients carrying exon 10 variants.ConclusionFMF‐related MEFV variations are associated with AS, and these variations may contribute to the pathogenesis of AS, especially in populations in which the prevalence of FMF is high.
Mortality among infants with birth defects: Joint effects of size at birth, gestational age, and maternal race/ethnicity
Authors: Nembhard Wendy N. , Salemi Jason L. , Ethen Mary K. , Fixler David E. , Canfield Mark A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe examined the separate and joint effects of gestational age, size at birth and maternal race/ethnicity on early childhood survival among 48,391 singleton infants with major birth defects.METHODSTexas Birth Defects Registry data were linked to death records and the National Death Index to ascertain deaths. Gestational age categories were preterm or term birth; size at birth included small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates were calculated, and Cox‐proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to determine risk of death after adjusting for covariates.RESULTSOverall, relative to non‐Hispanic (NH) ‐whites, NH‐blacks, and Hispanics had a 51 and 10% greater risk of death during early childhood, respectively. Compared to NH‐whites born term and AGA (survival = 97%), Hispanic children born SGA and preterm had the greatest risk of death (HRa = 6.1; 95% CI, 5.2, 7.2) and the lowest early childhood survival (76%), followed by SGA preterm NH‐blacks (HRa = 4.8; 95% CI, 3.6, 6.5; survival = 81%) and SGA preterm NH‐whites (HRa = 4.5; 95% CI, 3.7, 5.6; survival = 83%). Children born LGA at term had no increased risk of mortality regardless of maternal race/ethnicity.CONCLUSIONSThe joint effect of gestational age and size at birth had greatest impact on childhood mortality. Additional population based studies are needed to better understand causes of racial/ethnic disparities in mortality among children with birth defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for linkage of the bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex on chromosome 4q31.21‐22 and 19q13.31‐41 from a consanguineous iranian family
Authors: Reutter Heiko , Rüschendorf Franz , Mattheisen Manuel , Draaken Markus , Bartels Enrika , Hübner Norbert , Hoffmann Per , Payabvash Seyedmedhi , Saar Kathrin , Nöthen Markus M. , Kajbafzadeh Abdol‐Mohammad , Ludwig Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex (BEEC) is a spectrum of anomalies involving the abdominal wall, pelvis, urinary tract, genitalia, and, occasionally, the spine and anus. Although BEEC typically occurs sporadically, families with two or more affected members have been reported. The present authors previously conducted a genome‐wide linkage analysis in two multiply affected (multiplex) families (one of German and one of Spanish origin), which revealed several chromosomal regions compatible with linkage. In the present study, genome‐wide linkage analysis was performed in a recently reported consanguineous Iranian multiplex family with an affected sibling pair: a female with epispadias and a male with classic exstrophy of the bladder.METHODS:The Affymetrix 250K Sty chip (238,304 single nucleotide polymorphisms) was used to genotype the parents and four children, including the two affected siblings. Parametric and nonparametric linkage analyses were performed.RESULTS:Parametric linkage analysis under a recessive model with complete penetrance identified seven loci with LOD scores >1.6 (1p33, 4q31.21‐22, 9q22.33, 12q13.13‐2, 13q12.12‐13, 18q23, and 19q13.31‐41). These results were supported by nonparametric linkage analysis. Haplotype analysis showed that the affected individuals were homozygous identical by descent for all seven regions. Two of these regions overlapped with regions observed previously in the Spanish family —one on chromosome 4q31.21‐22, and the other on chromosome 19q13.31‐41.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that chromosomal regions 4q31.21‐22 and 19q13.31‐41 are likely to harbor genes for an autosomal recessive form of BEEC. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rectal washout and local recurrence of cancer after anterior resection
Authors: Kodeda K , Holmberg E , Jörgren F , Nordgren S , Lindmark G 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Adenocarcinomas of the rectum shed viable cells, which have the ability to implant. Intraoperative rectal washout decreases the amount and viability of these cells, but there is no conclusive evidence of the effect of rectal washout on local recurrence after rectal cancer surgery.

Methods
Data were analysed from a population-based registry of patients who had anterior resection from 1995 to 2002 and were followed for 5 years. Rectal washout was performed at the discretion of the surgeon. National inclusion of patients with rectal cancer and follow-up was near complete (approximately 97 and 98 per cent respectively).

Results
A total of 4677 patients were analysed (3749 who had washout, 851 no washout and 77 with information missing); 52·0 per cent of patients in the washout group and 41·4 per cent in the no-washout group had preoperative radiotherapy (P &lt; 0·001). Local recurrence rates were 6·0 and 10·2 per cent respectively (P &lt; 0·001). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses produced odds ratios that favoured washout: 0·56 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·43 to 0·72) and 0·61 (0·46 to 0·80) respectively (both P &lt; 0·001). In multivariable analysis restricted to patients who had curative surgery, the odds ratio was 0·59 (95 per cent c.i. 0·44 to 0·78; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
There was a more favourable outcome in patients after rectal washout than without.
Emotional display rules and emotion self‐regulation: Associations with bullying and victimization in community‐based after school programs
Authors: Garner Pamela W. , Hinton Tiffany Stowe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe explored linkages among different components of emotional competence and bullying and victimization in children enrolled in community after school programs. Seventy‐seven children were recruited from after school programs and their display rule knowledge for sadness and anger was evaluated. Their emotion self‐regulation skills and bullying experiences were also assessed. Knowledge of display rules for sadness was a negative predictor of physical victimization whereas emotional lability/negativity was positively related to bullying. Boys bullied more than girls and family income was negatively related to bullying and emotional lability/negativity and positively associated with emotion self‐regulation. Emotion self‐regulation mediated the relation between family income and bullying. Analyses also suggested that bullies and bully‐victims had poorer emotion self‐regulation skills than non‐bullies/victims or victims. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.