bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Role for Histone H2B Ubiquitylation in Noncoding RNA 3′-End Formation Through Mutational Analysis of Rtf1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Tomson Brett N , Davis Christopher P , Warner Marcie H , Arndt Karen M 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The conserved eukaryotic Paf1 complex regulates RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase II at multiple levels, including transcript elongation, transcript termination, and chromatin modifications. To better understand the contributions of the Paf1 complex to transcriptional regulation, we generated mutations that alter conserved residues within the Rtf1 subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Paf1 complex. Importantly, single amino acid substitutions within a region of Rtf1 that is conserved from yeast to humans, which we termed the histone modification domain, resulted in the loss of histone H2B ubiquitylation and impaired histone H3 methylation. Phenotypic analysis of these mutations revealed additional defects in telomeric silencing, transcription elongation, and prevention of cryptic initiation. We also demonstrated that amino acid substitutions within the Rtf1 histone modification domain disrupt 3′-end formation of snoRNA transcripts and identify a previously uncharacterized regulatory role for the histone H2B K123 ubiquitylation mark in this process. Cumulatively, our results reveal functionally important residues in Rtf1, better define the roles of Rtf1 in transcription and histone modification, and provide strong genetic support for the participation of histone modification marks in the termination of noncoding RNAs.
Bone Loss in Adolescents After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Kaulfers Anne-Marie D. , Bean Judy A. , Inge Thomas H. , Dolan Lawrence M. , Kalkwarf Heidi J. 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate bone loss in adolescents after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and to determine the extent to which bone loss was related to weight loss. We hypothesized that adolescents would lose bone mass after surgery and that it would be associated with weight loss.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective case review of 61 adolescents after bariatric surgery. Whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were measured by dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry, and age- and gender-specific BMD z scores were calculated. Measurements were obtained when possible before surgery and then every 3 to months after surgery for up to 2 years. Data were analyzed by using a mixed-models approach, and regression models were adjusted for age, gender, and height.

RESULTS:
Whole-body BMC, BMD z score, and weight decreased significantly over time after surgery (P &lt; .0001 for all). In the first 2 years after surgery, predicted values on the basis of regression modeling for BMC decreased by 7.4%, and BMD z score decreased from 1.5 to 0.1. During the first 12 months after surgery, change in weight was correlated with change in BMC (r = 0.31; P = .02). Weight loss accounted for 14% of the decrease in BMC in the first year after surgery.

CONCLUSION:
Bariatric surgery is associated with significant bone loss in adolescents. Although the predicted bone density was appropriate for age 2 years after surgery, longer follow-up is warranted to determine whether bone mass continues to change or stabilizes.
Carbon Dioxide and Glucose Affect Electrocortical Background in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Wikström Sverre , Lundin Fredrik , Ley David , Pupp Ingrid Hansen , Fellman Vineta , Rosén Ingmar , Hellström-Westas Lena 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVES:To investigate if Paco2 and plasma glucose levels affect electrocortical activity.METHODS:Ours was an observational study of 32 infants with a gestational age of 22 to 27 weeks. We performed simultaneous single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) and repeated blood gas/plasma glucose analyses during the first 3 days (n = 247 blood samples with corresponding EEG). Interburst intervals (IBIs) and EEG power were averaged at the time of each blood sample.RESULTS:There was a linear relationship between Paco2 and IBI; increasing Paco2 was associated with longer IBIs. One day after birth, a 1-kPa increase in Paco2 was associated with a 16% increase in IBI in infants who survived the first week without severe brain injury. EEG power was highest at a Paco2 value of 5.1 kPa and was attenuated both at higher and lower Paco2 values. Corrected for carbon dioxide effects, plasma glucose was also associated with IBI. Lowest IBI appeared at a plasma glucose level of 4.0 mmol/L, and there was a U-shaped relationship between plasma glucose level and EEG with increasing discontinuity at glucose concentrations above and below 4.0 mmol/L.CONCLUSIONS:Both carbon dioxide and plasma glucose level influenced EEG activity in extremely preterm infants, and values considered to be within normal physiologic ranges were associated with the best EEG background. Increasing EEG discontinuity occurred at carbon dioxide levels frequently applied in lung-protection strategies; in addition, moderate hyperglycemia was associated with measurable EEG changes. The long-term effects of changes in carbon dioxide and glucose on brain function are not known.
Castleman's Disease: From Basic Mechanisms to Molecular Therapeutics
Authors: El-Osta Hazem E. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder in which there has been recent progress in elucidating underlying mechanisms with potential therapeutic implications. Unicentric Castleman's disease is an indolent condition that is often treated with local approaches. In contrast, patients with multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) have a less favorable prognosis and require systemic treatment. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, with its attendant risk for toxicity, has been widely used to treat MCD, with variable efficacy. The discovery of putative etiologic factors and targets in MCD, particularly human herpes virus 8, CD20, and interleukin (IL)-6, has been translated into the use of rituximab and anti–IL-6-based therapy, as well as antiviral agents. In this article, we review the current state of the art of our understanding of Castleman's disease and its treatment and we provide insight into future treatment strategies based on disease biology.
Noncardiac Vascular Toxicities of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors in Advanced Cancer: A Review
Authors: Keefe Dorothy , Bowen Joanne , Gibson Rachel , Tan Thean , Okera Meena , Stringer Andrea 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSummary.The introduction of molecularly targeted anticancer therapies has brought the promise of longer survival times for select patients with cancers previously considered untreatable. However, it has also brought new toxicities that require understanding and management, sometimes for long periods of time. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors are associated with a broad range of adverse effects, with vascular toxicity being particularly serious. This review focuses on the current understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms of macrovascular toxicities (hypertension, hemorrhage, and thromboembolism), their incidence and severity, the current clinical management, and implications in the advanced cancer setting. Movement of these agents into the early disease setting will alter the impact of these toxicities.Search Strategy and Selection Criteria.Information for this review was collected by searching PubMed/Medline and American Society of Clinical Oncology abstract databases. The medical subject heading terms used included toxicity, hypertension, thromboembolism, hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, risk factors, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism, combined with free text search terms including, but not limited to, VEGF inhibitor*, bevacizumab, sunitinib, and sorafenib. Articles published in English before March 2010 were included, in addition to information from case reports and pharmaceutical agent package inserts.
Bevacizumab Treatment to Progression After Chemotherapy: Outcomes from a U.S. Community Practice Network
Authors: Nadler Eric , Yu Elaine , Ravelo Arliene , Sing Amy , Forsyth Michael , Gruschkus Stephen 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Bevacizumab significantly extends progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times when combined with initial chemotherapy and continued as monotherapy until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in patients with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In clinical practice, bevacizumab is sometimes discontinued after completion of chemotherapy. This retrospective analysis of the US Oncology network's electronic medical records evaluated the association between PFS and OS times and bevacizumab monotherapy to progression (BTP) among patients with advanced NSCLC.
Patients treated from July 2006 through June 2008 were analyzed as two cohorts based on whether or not they received BTP after completion of first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. Hazard ratios for PFS and OS were estimated using Cox proportional hazards, adjusting for relevant treatment and patient characteristics. To account for survivorship bias, landmark analyses were conducted at 18, 21, and 26 weeks from initial therapy to examine residual PFS and OS times, defined as the time from the landmark to disease progression or death.
From the total 498 nonsquamous NSCLC patients, 403 received first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab: 154 received BTP, 249 did not. Longer PFS and OS times were observed in patients who received BTP than in those who received no BTP (median OS, 20.9 months versus 10.2 months; median PFS, 10.3 months versus 6.5 months). BTP was associated with a longer residual OS time at all specified landmarks and longer residual PFS time at week 18 than with no BTP.
In conclusion, this retrospective analysis provides supportive evidence that continued vascular endothelial growth factor suppression in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC patients is associated with favorable clinical outcomes.
Serum Placental Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor‐1 and ‐2 Levels in Periodontal Disease, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Sert Tuba , Kırzıoğlu F. Yeşim , Fentoğlu Özlem , Aylak Firdevs , Mungan Tamer 
Published: March 2011

Background: The aim of this study is the evaluation of levels of serum interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PIGF), and soluble VEGF receptor (sVEGFR)‐1 and ‐2 in the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods: One hundred and nine mothers, who recently gave birth, and 51 women who were not recently pregnant, aged 18 to 35 years, were included in this study. The mothers were classified as term birth, preterm birth (PTB), and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) in respect to their gestational age and baby's birth weight. The birth mothers were grouped as having gingivitis or periodontitis. The non‐pregnant group also included periodontally healthy patients. Venous blood samples were collected to evaluate serum IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, VEGF, PIGF, and sVEGFR‐1 and ‐2 levels.Results: Mother's weight, education, and income level were significantly associated with pregnancy outcomes. Serum levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6, VEGF, and sVEGFR‐1 and ‐2 showed an increase in significance when related to pregnancy. Whereas in the PLBW group IL‐1β, VEGF, and sVEGFR‐2 levels were increased, in the PTB group sVEGFR‐1 levels were increased. Additionally, the patients in the PLBW group with periodontitis had higher serum levels of IL‐1β, VEGF, sVEGFR‐2, and IL‐1β/IL‐10.Conclusion: The serum levels of IL‐1β, VEGF, and sVEGFR‐1 and ‐2 may have a potential effect on the mechanism of the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
A Review of Screen Selection for Standalone Applications and a New Methodology
Authors: Chanpura Rajesh A. , Hodge Richard M. , Andrews Jamie S. , Toffanin Ezio P. , Moen Terje , Parlar Mehmet 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Standalone screens (SASs) in open hole can provide highly reliable sand-control completions at a lower cost and with less operational complexity than other openhole sand-control completions and can provide long-term productivity performance comparable to other openhole completions when applied in the "right environment with the right procedures." Although many in the industry would agree with the preceding statement, there is no consensus on what the right environment is and what the right procedures are. Even when there is agreement on the applicability of SASs for a particular sand-size distribution, there are considerable differences in the recommended screen type and screen opening between various laboratories.
In this paper, we critically review the various laboratory testing procedures used in the industry and the interpretations made to evaluate screen performance and screen selection for SAS applications. We demonstrate that the way some of the laboratory tests are performed makes them biased toward one type of screen (wire wrap) and that some are interpreted without sufficient information such that they almost always favor another type of screen (premium mesh). We show that severe screen plugging with clean formation sand is almost never an issue and that the probability of screen plugging because of other factors can be minimized when proper precautions are taken. We propose that candidates for SAS applications be initially selected on the basis of sand-retention performance, with the final selection confirmed on the basis of screen/sand pack permeability measurements. In addition, on the basis of approximately 185 laboratory tests performed on various types of wire-wrap (6 to 16 gauge) and premium mesh (60 to 600 μm) screens for unconsolidated sands and using a set criterion for sand retention, we conclude that many of the currently used criteria in the industry for selection between gravel packing and SAS are highly conservative and unduly limit the possible application of SASs.
Di Bao Receipt and Its Importance for Combating Poverty in Urban China
Authors: Gustafsson Bjorn A , Quheng Deng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSince the second half of the 1990s, economic restructuring in urban China has led to widespread joblessness and income insecurity. The rapid expansion of the system of social assistance, Di Bao, can be understood from this perspective. Using a survey covering large parts of urban China in 2002, we investigate factors affecting receipt and how receipt affects urban poverty. Results from estimating probability models indicate that social assistance receipt is strongly linked to joblessness among household members, the household's expenditure burden, as well as the lack of financial assets. Furthermore, a long education of the household head and membership in the Communist Party reduces the probability of receiving social assistance while having been sent to rural China during the Cultural Revolution increases it. For some types of households, receipt of Di Bao differs greatly across cities in China. The social assistance payments appear strongly targeted to the poor. However, as the Di Bao payments typically are small and many of the urban poor are not receivers, much urban poverty remains.
Supplemental Security Income for the Second Decade
Authors: Wiseman Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSupplemental Security Income (SSI) is an odd combination of income support for families with disabled children, disabled working‐age adults, and elderly persons with inadequate retirement incomes. Less than three percent of Americans receive SSI payments. The program faces challenges on all three fronts: Payments for children with disabilities bear little relationship to family need or costs associated with caring for disabled children. State efforts to promote transition of children and adults from general assistance and TANF to SSI appear driven by fiscal considerations with little attention to health, functioning, and social integration objectives. Measuring the impact of poverty among the elderly is hampered by severe underreporting of benefits in survey data, most notably the Current Population Survey. This paper argues that SSI serves important purposes, but that all three target populations, especially children, might be served best by gradual decoupling or at least improved integration with other programs targeted to each of the three groups.
Herbst treatment with mandibular cast splints—revisited
Authors: El-Fateh Tarek , Ruf Sabine 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of this study was to reassess the dento-skeletal treatment effects and the amount of anchorage loss during reduced mandibular splint (RMS) Herbst treatment.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred consecutive Class II patients treated with a RMS-Herbst appliance were analyzed. The mean pretreatment age of the patients was 14.5 years, and the mean treatment time with the Herbst appliance was 8.1 months. Both before (T1) and after (T2) Herbst treatment a cephalometric measurement of lower incisor inclination, a sagittal occlusion analysis, and a dental cast analysis were performed. A comparison was performed with a historic Herbst control group treated with total mandibular cast splints (TMS).

Results:
During treatment the lower incisors proclined markedly (12.9° ± 4.6°). The amount of incisor proclination in the RMS group was, on average, 3.6° larger (P &lt; .001) than in the TMS group. The lower incisor proclination increased from 11.9° (prepeak) to 14.3° (young adult). The level of professional experience of the practitioners performing the treatment did not influence the amount of incisor proclination significantly. The total available space in the lower arch increased by an average of 1.8 mm, and a space opened between the lower second premolars and lower permanent first molars in 62% of the present RMS-Herbst (average of 0.4 mm per side).

Conclusions:
Treatment with RMS-Herbst appliances leads to higher proclination of the lower incisors than does treatment with TMS-Herbst appliances; it also leads to an overall larger amount of anchorage loss.
Multimodality Imaging of β-Cells in Mouse Models of Type 1 and 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yong Jing , Rasooly Julia , Dang Hoa , Lu Yuxin , Middleton Blake , Zhang Zesong , Hon Larry , Namavari Mohammad , Stout David B. , Atkinson Mark A. , Tian Jide , Gambhir Sanjiv Sam , Kaufman Daniel L. 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
β-Cells that express an imaging reporter have provided powerful tools for studying β-cell development, islet transplantation, and β-cell autoimmunity. To further expedite diabetes research, we generated transgenic C57BL/6 “MIP-TF” mice that have a mouse insulin promoter (MIP) driving the expression of a trifusion (TF) protein of three imaging reporters (luciferase/enhanced green fluorescent protein/HSV1-sr39 thymidine kinase) in their β-cells. This should enable the noninvasive imaging of β-cells by charge-coupled device (CCD) and micro-positron emission tomography (PET), as well as the identification of β-cells at the cellular level by fluorescent microscopy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
MIP-TF mouse β-cells were multimodality imaged in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS
MIP-TF mouse β-cells were readily identified in pancreatic tissue sections using fluorescent microscopy. We show that MIP-TF β-cells can be noninvasively imaged using microPET. There was a correlation between CCD and microPET signals from the pancreas region of individual mice. After low-dose streptozotocin administration to induce type 1 diabetes, we observed a progressive reduction in bioluminescence from the pancreas region before the appearance of hyperglycemia. Although there have been reports of hyperglycemia inducing proinsulin expression in extrapancreatic tissues, we did not observe bioluminescent signals from extrapancreatic tissues of diabetic MIP-TF mice. Because MIP-TF mouse β-cells express a viral thymidine kinase, ganciclovir treatment induced hyperglycemia, providing a new experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Mice fed a high-fat diet to model early type 2 diabetes displayed a progressive increase in their pancreatic bioluminescent signals, which were positively correlated with area under the curve–intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (AUC-IPGTT).

CONCLUSIONS
MIP-TF mice provide a new tool for monitoring β-cells from the single cell level to noninvasive assessments of β-cells in models of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Central Leptin Signaling Is Required to Normalize Myocardial Fatty Acid Oxidation Rates in Caloric-Restricted ob/ob Mice
Authors: Sloan Crystal , Tuinei Joseph , Nemetz Katherine , Frandsen Jonathan , Soto Jamie , Wride Noah , Sempokuya Tomoki , Alegria Luis , Bugger Heiko , Abel E. Dale 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
ob/ob and db/db mice manifest myocardial hypertrophy, insulin resistance, altered substrate utilization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipid accumulation. This study was designed to determine the contribution of central and peripheral leptin signaling to myocardial metabolism and function in ob/ob and db/db mice in the absence of diabetes and morbid obesity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Male ob/ob mice (aged 4 weeks) were caloric restricted by pairfeeding to a leptin-treated ob/ob group. In addition to determining glucose tolerance and circulating lipid concentrations, myocardial substrate metabolism and mitochondrial function were determined in saponin-permeabilized cardiac fibers. Second, experiments were performed to determine whether leptin treatment by intraperitoneal injection or intracerebroventricular infusion could normalize myocardial palmitate oxidation in caloric-restricted ob/ob mouse hearts.

RESULTS
Despite normalizing body weight and glucose tolerance, fat mass and circulating lipid levels remained increased in caloric-restricted ob/ob animals. Palmitate oxidation remained elevated in caloric-restricted ob/ob hearts and was normalized by intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular leptin. Intraperitoneal and intracerebroventricular treatment also normalized circulating free fatty acid levels, myocardial fatty acid oxidation gene expression, and myocardial insulin sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that impaired hypothalamic leptin signaling is sufficient to increase myocardial fatty acid oxidation by increasing delivery of free fatty acid substrates and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α ligands to the heart.