bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ulnar osteotomy for treatment of cubital subluxation, following locking compression plate osteosynthesis of a radius fracture in a foal
Authors: Klopfenstein Bregger M. D. , Jackson M. A. , Kummer M. , Kircher P. R. , Auer J. A. , Fürst A. E. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryA closed mid‐diaphyseal fracture in a one‐day‐old foal was treated using a 3.5 mm locking compression plate on the cranial aspect of the radius. The foal showed good fracture healing, but a radio‐ulnar synostosis developed despite the absence of transfixation by any implant into the ulna. Four months after surgery the radiographs revealed a cubital subluxation, which was managed by an osteotomy of the ulna at the time of plate removal, allowing the ulna to adjust into a normal position. One year after surgery the foal was clinically sound; the radiographs showed good healing of the osteotomy gap as well as good remodelling of the radius; however, a slight elbow subluxation was present.
Autoserum preparation in the treatment of equine summer eczema: Findings over 12 years
Authors: Hallamaa R. E. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryEquine summer eczema, the most common allergic skin disease of the horse, is notoriously difficult to treat with available methods. In the present study, 343 horses were treated with an autogenous serum preparation made from their highly diluted sera. This work was a continuation of the earlier, randomised and placebo controlled study on the autoserum therapy that showed a significant, positive clinical effect and was carried out on a series of horses in 1997–98. The main aim of the present study was to collect long‐term information from the owners on this therapy. In the period from 1997–2008, 70% of the horses benefited from the treatment and 16% did not, while 14% of owners could give no clear opinion. After a 5 year follow‐up, horses treated with autoserum had significantly milder clinical signs of summer eczema than before this treatment. No harmful side effects were found. An autoserum preparation was shown to be a feasible alternative in the treatment of equine summer eczema.
Examining Sport Concussion Assessment Tool ratings for male and female youth hockey players with and without a history of concussion
Authors: Schneider Kathryn J , Emery Carolyn A , Kang Jian , Schneider Geoff M , Meeuwisse Willem H 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundConcussion is one of the most commonly occurring injuries in sport today. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) is a commonly used paper neurocognitive tool. To date, little is known about SCAT baseline normative values in youth athletes.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine normative values on the SCAT for male and female youth hockey players.MethodsThis is a secondary data analysis of pooled data from three prospective cohort studies examining the risk of injury in paediatric ice hockey players aged 9–17 years. A preseason baseline demographic and injury history questionnaire was completed by each player.ResultsA total of 4193 players completed SCATs at baseline and were included in the analysis. 781 players (18.6%) reported a previous history of concussion. Fatigue and low energy followed by headache were the most commonly reported symptoms in all players. The majority of youth players could recite all five words immediately but only three words when delayed. A smaller proportion of the males were able to report the months of the year in reverse order compared with females of a similar age. The median number of digits recited in reverse order was 4.ConclusionsYouth ratings varied between age groups, gender and from previously reported ratings of varsity athletes, possibly reflecting developmental and gender differences. An understanding of these differences in youth athletes is important to ensure appropriate performance expectations on the SCAT and when making clinical decisions following a concussion.
Smoking prevalence in the European Union: a comparison of national and transnational prevalence survey methods and results
Authors: Bogdanovica Ilze , Godfrey Fiona , McNeill Ann , Britton John 
Published: October 2010

ObjectivesTo determine whether the European Commission Eurobarometer survey of 27 European Union (EU) member states produces reliable smoking prevalence estimates when compared to national prevalence survey data, and to identify approaches to standardising the measurement of smoking prevalence in the EU.MethodsThis was a direct comparison of questions, sampling methods and smoking prevalence estimates, between the 2006 Eurobarometer study and contemporaneous national surveys. All 27 EU member states were included. Participants were people surveyed in the 2006 Eurobarometer study and in various national surveys in the closest year to 2006 for which data were available. The main outcome measures were the mean and range of differences in prevalence estimates between the Eurobarometer and national surveys.ResultsMost national surveys used similar multistage sampling methods and involved sample sizes of 3000 or more, but the phrasing of the questions used to define smoking, the inclusion or exclusion of occasional smokers, the age ranges of participants and the frequency of national surveys varied substantially between countries. The Eurobarometer study used the same questions in all countries but in sample sizes of 1000, or in 3 countries, 500. Eurobarometer 2006 smoking prevalence estimates were on average 0.37 percentage points higher than those in national surveys, but with a 95% range from −10.49 to +11.23 percentage points. At the extremes, the equivalent national prevalence estimate for Slovakia was 13.0% higher and for the UK 10.0% lower than the Eurobarometer figure.ConclusionsMeasurements of the prevalence of smoking, the biggest avoidable public health threat in the European Union, are highly discrepant within countries between national and European Commission survey estimates. Monitoring national smoking prevalence on a regular basis, using standardised methods in representative population samples, is an urgent priority for the EU.
Efficacy, safety and palatability of a new broad‐spectrum anthelmintic formulation in dogs
Authors: Schmid K. , Rohdich N. , Zschiesche E. , Kok D. J. , Allan M. J. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy, safety and palatability of a new flavoured chewable anthelmintic tablet were investigated in dogs. The efficacy, based on worm counts, of a single recommended therapeutic dose (RTD) of 5 mg pyrantel + 20 mg oxantel + 5 mg praziquantel/kg bodyweight was assessed in experimental infections (EI) and natural infections (NI) withTrichuris vulpis,Echinococcus granulosusandToxocara canis. ForT vulpis, the efficacy of the treatment was 99.3 per cent in EI (comparing groups of six treated and six control dogs) and 100 per cent in NI (nine treated and nine control dogs). ForE granulosus, the efficacy was more than 99.9 per cent in EI (11 treated and 11 control dogs). ForT canis, the efficacy was 94.3 per cent in EI (10 treated and 10 control dogs) and 100 per cent in NI (12 treated and 13 control dogs). In a field study,Ancylostoma caninum(11 dogs) andT canis(11 dogs) faecal egg counts were reduced by more than 99 per cent, and in eight dogs withDipylidium caninumproglotides in the faeces the efficacy was 100 per cent. The tablets were readily consumed by 56 of 64 (87.5 per cent) privately owned dogs. Safety was assessed in groups of six dogs treated either once with twice the RTD, once with six times the RTD, with twice the RTD on three consecutive days, or untreated. There were no significant differences in blood parameters between the groups, and no abnormal clinical findings. Two dogs treated with six times the RTD vomited, but no vomiting was observed when administration was repeated two days later.
Clinical assessment and outcome of a single‐layer technique for anastomosis of the small intestine in horses
Authors: Mendez‐Angulo J. L. , Ernst N. S. , Mudge M. C. 
Published: October 2010

In order to assess postoperative outcome in horses undergoing end‐to‐end anastomosis of the small intestine, performed using a one‐layer technique, 15 horses that underwent exploratory coeliotomy, resection of the small intestine and end‐to‐end anastomosis using a continuous Lembert pattern were studied. Information on the age, breed, sex, diagnosis, treatment, complications and outcome of each case were obtained from medical records. Follow‐up information was obtained via telephone conversations with clients and trainers. Five of the horses had short‐term postoperative complications: one had postoperative ileus (POI), colic and peritonitis, one had POI and colic, two had POI only and one had diarrhoea only. A second exploratory coeliotomy was recommended in two of the 15 horses (13 per cent). The short‐term survival rate, defined as survival up to the time of discharge from the hospital, was 93.3 per cent (14 of 15 horses). The long‐term survival rate, defined as survival for at least 12 months after the surgery, was 84.6 per cent (11 of 13 horses followed up).
Estimating past and future dinosaur skeletal abundances in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Henderson Donald M. , Tanke Darren H. 
Published: October 2010

Some 353 isolated skulls and partial to complete skeletons with known locations have been collected in ∼100 years from the 80 km2 of badlands in Dinosaur Provincial Park (DPP), Alberta, Canada. We wanted to estimate how many skeletons were lost to erosion before collection began and how many await discovery. Within the boundaries of DPP, a volume of rock 145 m thick between the surface of the down-cutting Red Deer River and the capping prairie was subdivided into 5 m thick slabs using digital elevation data with an average horizontal spatial resolution of 19 m and a vertical resolution of 1 m. The exposed surface area of each slab was calculated. Dinosaur fossil localities were determined with high-precision GPS surveys. The number of dinosaurs collected from the surface of a 5 m slab was divided by the product of the exposed area and an estimated erosional thickness of 80 cm to give a volume density of dinosaur fossils. Multiplying the volumes of rock lost from each layer by the dinosaur densities for each layer, the numbers of skeletons lost was determined. Estimates of the numbers of raisins in two loaves of raisin bread were made using a limited number of slices as a test of the method. Of the original volume of DPP, 6.58 km3 (60%) has eroded away, taking with it a mean number of 6310 hadrosaurs, 1640 ceratopsians, 1030 ankylosaurs, and 1600 theropods. The 5.02 km3 (40%) of rock remaining in the park can be expected to produce more dinosaur fossils of similar quality, with mean values of 6700 hadrosaurs, 1700 ceratopsians, 1010 ankylosaurs, and 1720 theropods. These estimates are minima as the estimation process excluded bone beds, the plethora of isolated bones littering the land surface of DPP, and the 100+ skulls and skeletons from the region that lack locality information.
Short-term passive smoking causes endothelial dysfunction via oxidative stress in nonsmokers
Authors: Kato Toru , Inoue Teruo , Morooka Toshifumi , Yoshimoto Nobuo , Node Koichi 
Published: October 2010

Recent studies have shown that passive smoking impairs vascular endothelial function and induces oxidative stress in humans. However, in most of the previous human data regarding tobacco-induced pathophysiology, vascular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been separately assessed. This study was designed to determine the association between the acute effect of passive smoking on vascular endothelial function and in-vivo oxidative stress status. We studied 30 healthy male Japanese volunteers (32 ± 7 years) including 15 habitual smokers and 15 nonsmokers. After baseline echocardiographic, hemodynamic recording, and blood sampling, subjects were exposed to passive smoking for 30 min. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was measured by using % flow-mediated vasodilation (%FMD) of the brachial artery and plasma levels of 8-isoprostane was measured by enzyme immunoassay before and after the passive smoking exposure. Baseline %FMD was lower (4.3% ± 1.2% vs. 10.9% ± 3.1%, p < 0.001) and baseline plasma 8-isoprostane level was higher (41.5 ± 5.8 pg/mL vs. 26.9 ± 5.4 pg/mL, p < 0.001) in smokers than those in nonsmokers. The %FMD and 8-isoprostane level did not change after passive smoking in smokers. In nonsmokers, however, the %FMD decreased (to 5.0% ± 1.9%, p < 0.001) and the 8-isoprostane level increased (to 37.8 ± 9.6 pg/mL, p < 0.001) significantly after 30 min passive smoking exposure, equivalently to the levels of smokers. Sixty corrected samples before and after passive smoking exposure in all patients showed a significant negative correlation between the % FMD and the plasma 8-isoprostane levels (n = 60, r = –0.69, p < 0.001). Even 30 min of passive smoking rapidly impairs vascular endothelial function, which is associated with oxidative stress. Our data provide the pathophysiological insight for the recent epidemiological evidence about the increased risk of coronary heart disease among nonsmokers exposed to passive smoking.
Periodicity determination of lacustrine cycles from the Devonian of Northern Scotland
Authors: Andrews Steven D. , Trewin Nigel H. 
Published: October 2010

Synopsis
The Middle Old Red Sandstone (mid Devonian) of the Orcadian Basin in northern Scotland is composed predominantly of cyclic lacustrine deposits. The cyclicity recorded reflects regular fluctuations in lake levels that have been attributed to climatic variability resulting from regular variations in the Earth's orbital parameters (Milankovitch cycles). However, previous estimates and calculations of the periodicities of these events have produced highly variable results, and no consistent approach has emerged. Variability in the estimated thicknesses of the sequences and regular revisions of the Devonian timescale, combined with poorly defined absolute dating of stratigraphic boundaries, have hindered accurate calculations of cycle periodicities.
This study reviews the factors involved in the calculation of published periodicities for the lacustrine cycles of the Orcadian Basin and considers the effect of recent revisions to the Devonian timescale and stratigraphic thicknesses. When considered alongside detailed examination of well exposed sections from Easter Ross, Caithness and Orkney, the calculation of cycle periodicities provides consistent results reflecting the dominance of Precessional (19 886 years) and modulating Eccentricity (100 000 years) cycles calculated for the Devonian.
The Highland Boundary Fault and the Highland Border Complex
Authors: Bluck B. J. 
Published: October 2010

Synopsis

Stratigraphic evidence, petrography and way up criteria are presented to show that the bulk of the Highland Border Complex in Scotland gets younger to the NW, towards the largely Neoproterozoic, Dalradian block. An early ophiolite has fed younger sediments with detritus, which, in the absence of reliable fossils, has provided a control on the stratigraphical order, placing the ‘Margie Series’ younger than the dated Dounans limestone.
Tanner & Sutherland (2007)
see the complex as divided into two groups one of which overlies, and is a continuation of the Dalradian sequence, and therefore took part in its folding. This view is false.

The Highland Border Complex is a sequence of rocks, disposed in phacoids, beginning with an ophiolite in the early Ordovician followed by younger rocks which include shales, pillow lavas and sandstones. This sequence was deposited whilst the Dalradian highlands rose and shed large volumes of sediment, which have yet to be identified south of the Highland Boundary Fault. The boundary between the Dalradian and the Highland Border Complex, the Highland Boundary Fault, is therefore a major fracture bringing unrelated (but not exotic) Highland Border Complex rocks adjacent to the Dalradian block.
In terms of its structural control, the terrestrial Old Red Sandstone is a continuation of the Highland Border Complex, being progressively less deformed as time went on. It was probably laid down in transcurrent fault-generated basins which were gradually converged upon by the Dalradian block and in so doing, uplifted some of the more northerly basins, possibly resting on Dalradian sediments, to yield sediment to the younger basins further to the south.
The Highland Border Complex forms the basement to the Old Red Sandstone and, in places, forms a plane of detachment upon which the overlying basins formed. This may account for the extreme heterogeneous nature of its deformation from extensively sheared to totally unsheared rocks.
ASNA-1 Activity Modulates Sensitivity to Cisplatin
Authors: Hemmingsson Oskar , Kao Gautam , Still Maria , Naredi Peter 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Cancer can be cured by platinum-based chemotherapy, but resistance is a major cause of treatment failure. Here we present the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to study interactions between the platinum drug cisplatin and signaling pathways in vivo. Null mutation in a single gene, asna-1, makes worms hypersensitive to cisplatin. The metalloregulated ATPase ASNA-1 promotes insulin secretion and membrane insertion of tail-anchored proteins. Using structural data from ASNA-1 homologues, we identify specific ASNA-1 mutants that are sensitive to cisplatin while still able to promote insulin signaling. Mutational analysis reveals that hypersensitivity of ASNA-1 mutants to cisplatin remains in absence of CEP-1/p53 or apoptosis. Human ASNA1 can substitute for the worm gene, indicating a conserved function. Cisplatin sensitivity is not affected by decreased insulin signaling in wild-type nematodes or restored insulin signaling in asna-1 mutants. These findings provide a functional insight into ASNA-1, demonstrate that C. elegans can be used to characterize cisplatin resistance mechanisms, and suggest that rationally designed drugs against ASNA-1 can sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10321–8. ©2010 AACR.
XMRV: A New Virus in Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Aloia Amanda L. , Sfanos Karen S. , Isaacs William B. , Zheng Qizhi , Maldarelli Frank , De Marzo Angelo M. , Rein Alan 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Several recent articles have reported the presence of a gammaretrovirus, termed “XMRV” (xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus) in prostate cancers (PCa). If confirmed, this could have enormous implications for the detection, prevention, and treatment of PCa. However, other articles report failure to detect XMRV in PCa. We tested nearly 800 PCa samples, using a combination of real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The PCR reactions were simultaneously monitored for amplification of a single-copy human gene, to confirm the quality of the sample DNA and its suitability for PCR. Controls showed that the PCR assay could detect the XMRV in a single infected cell, even in the presence of a 10,000-fold excess of uninfected human cells. The IHC used 2 rabbit polyclonal antisera, each prepared against a purified murine leukemia virus (MLV) protein. Both antisera always stained XMRV-infected or -transfected cells, but never stained control cells. No evidence for XMRV in PCa was obtained in these experiments. We discuss possible explanations for the discrepancies in the results from different laboratories. It is possible that XMRV is not actually circulating in the human population; even if it is, the data do not seem to support a causal role for this virus in PCa. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10028–33. ©2010 AACR.
Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 Is Associated With Fat Mass and Dyslipidemia in Two Independent Cohorts of Elderly Individuals
Authors: Mirza Majd A.I. , Alsiö Johan , Hammarstedt Ann , Erben Reinhold G. , Michaëlsson Karl , Tivesten Åsa , Marsell Richard , Orwoll Eric , Karlsson Magnus K. , Ljunggren Östen , Mellström Dan , Lind Lars , Ohlsson Claes , Larsson Tobias E. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—
Disturbances in mineral metabolism define an increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a circulating regulator of phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and has recently been implicated as a putative pathogenic factor in cardiovascular disease. Because other members of the FGF family play a role in lipid and glucose metabolism, we hypothesized that FGF23 would associate with metabolic factors that predispose to an increased cardiovascular risk. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between FGF23 and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in the community.

Methods and Results—

Relationships between serum FGF23 and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, serum lipids, and fat mass were examined in 2 community-based, cross-sectional cohorts of elderly whites (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study: 964 men aged 75±3.2; Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study: 946 men and women aged 70). In both cohorts, FGF23 associated negatively with high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A1 (7% to 21% decrease per 1-SD increase in log FGF23;
P
<0.01) and positively with triglycerides (11% to 14% per 1-SD increase in log FGF23;
P
<0.01). A 1-SD increase in log FGF23 was associated with a 7% to 20% increase in BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio and a 7% to 18% increase in trunk and total body fat mass (
P
<0.01) as determined by whole-body dual x-ray absorptiometry. FGF23 levels were higher in subjects with the metabolic syndrome compared with those without (46.4 versus 41.2 pg/mL;
P
<0.05) and associated with an increased risk of having the metabolic syndrome (OR per 1-SD increase in log FGF23, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.40;
P
<0.05).

Conclusion—
We report for the first time on associations between circulating FGF23, fat mass, and adverse lipid metabolism resembling the metabolic syndrome, potentially representing a novel pathway(s) linking high FGF23 to an increased cardiovascular risk.