bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-diameter graft-stent (Advanta V12) implantation in various locations: early results
Authors: Schranz Dietmar , Jux Christian , Vogel Melanie , Bauer Jürgen , Akintürk Hakan , Valeske Klaus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectivesTranscatheter stent placement carries the risk of cardiovascular aneurysm or rupture. Covered stent implantation reduces these risks. The recently marketed Advanta V12 large-diameter-covered stent is pre-mounted and requires 9 (8)-11 Fr delivery systems. The aim was to report on the early results of the treatment of various cardiovascular obstructions by the implantation of a new polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent (V12).MethodsGraft stents on balloons with a diameter (12, 14, 16 millimetres) sufficient to anchor the stent in various obstructions (congenital aortic coarctation, n = 5; obstruction after ascending aorta repair, n = 2; pulmonary arteries, n = 5; inferior caval vein, n = 1; atretic superior caval vein, n = 1; pulmonary vein obstruction, n = 1; and right ventricular outflow tract, n = 1) were implanted using the smallest available delivery system. Secondary dilation with larger-diameter balloons was performed when the residual pressure was gradient, the stent-vessel wall relationship or stent re-coiling due to different reasons needed a re-intervention by pure ballooning or second stent placement.ResultsAll 16 patients aged 5–46 years underwent V12 implantation. The variability of the treated lesions and the need for additional interventions were responsible for large ranges in fluoroscopy time between 7.3 to 48.2 minutes (median 17.3). Considering the additional procedures, the V12 stent achieved the desired result in all cases. There were no major complications. At short-term median follow-up of 2 months, all patients are alive and well with no evidence of stent failing.ConclusionThese initial results show that the covered Advanta V12 large-diameter stent is safe and effective in the immediate treatment of various cardiovascular obstructions. Long-term follow-up is required.
The Three Great Sultans of al-Dawla al–Ismā‘īliyya al-Naṣriyya who Built the Fourteenth-Century Alhambra: Isma‘īl I, Yūsuf I, Muḥammad V (713–793/1314–1391).
Authors: Fernández-Puertas Antonio 
Published: October 2010

Muḥammad I, the founder of the Naṣrid Sultanate in 629/1232, originated the first dynasty,al–dawla al–ghālibiyya al-nasriyya, as it has been called in modern times from hislaqab, al-ghālib bi-llāh(= “the victor through Allāh”). He was succeeded by his son Muḥammad II al-Faqīh and grandsons Muḥammad III al-Makhlū‘ (= “the Dethroned”) and Abū I-Juyūsh Naṣr, with whom the direct masculine line of the al-Aḥmares (= “the Reds”) ended. Naṣr was dethroned by his nephew Ismā‘īl I, the son of their paternal sister Fāṭima and her husband thera‘īsof Málaga, Abū Sa‘īd Faraj, who was also a member of the royal family.I shall deal here with the sultans of the second dynasty up to the death of Muḥammad V, and will concentrate on its three main figures: Ismā‘īl I, his second son YūsufI and grandson Muḥammad V, and deal only briefly with Muḥammad IV - the firstborn son of Ismā‘īl I – and Muḥammad VI el Bermejo (the Redhead), a relative and brother-in-law of Ismā‘īl II. However, we should first establish the identity and origins of Ismā‘īl I‘s father, to understand why he did not become the first sultan of the new dynasty.
An Historical Review of the Arabic Rendering of Swahili Together with Proposals for the Development of a Swahili Writing System in Arabic Script (Based on the Swahili of Mombasa)
Authors: Omar Yahya Ali , Frankl P. J. L. 
Published: October 2010

This article provides an historical review of the Arabic rendering of Swahili, while Appendix A (Parts I and II) contains proposals for the development of Arabic script to yield a phonologically adequate writing system for a variety of Swahili spoken on the East African coast – the variety known as kiMvita (central Swahili), and spoken from just north of T’akaungu to Mombasa, and thence as far south as Gasi. Parallel possibilities for the refinement of romanised script are not considered in any detail.It should be stressed that kiMvita, the variety of Swahili here described, is not the standardised language. For a number of reasons, the Swahili speech of Zanzibar town, together with the Swahili spoken by Africans from the interior of the continent but resident in Zanzibar, were the varieties of Swahili with which the pioneering standardises of Swahili were familiar.
Raising revenue in the British empire, 1870–1940: how ‘extractive’ were colonial taxes?
Authors: Frankema Ewout 
Published: October 2010

AbstractColonial tax systems have shaped state–economy relationships in the formative stages of many present-day nation-states. This article surveys the variety in colonial tax systems across thirty-four dominions, colonies, and protectorates during the heyday of British imperialism (1870–1940), focusing on a comparison of colonial tax levels. The results are assessed on the basis of different views in the literature regarding the function and impact of colonial fiscal regimes: are there clear differences between ‘settler’ and ‘non-settler’ colonies? I show that there is little evidence for the view that ‘excessive taxation’ has been a crucial characteristic of ‘extractive institutions’ in non-settler colonies because local conditions (geographic or institutional) often prevented the establishment of revenue-maximizing tax machineries. This nuances the ‘extractive institutions’ hypothesis and calls for a decomposition of the term ‘extractive institutions’ as such.
Studies on riverine flora of Pamba river basin, Kerala
Authors: Paul Joby , K. V. George 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRiparian forests are ecotonal assemblage of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The composition of riparian forests of Pamba River is an amalgamation of riverine, evergreen, deciduous and wetland flora. The floristic investigation of the riparian forests of Pamba river basin revealed taxonomically 433 species which include 410 angiosperms, 3 gymnosperms and 20 pteridophytes. The dominant families based on the number of species are Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Cyperaceae and Fabaceae. The flora consists of a diverse blend of 99 evergreen, 36 deciduous, 50 wetland, 15 shola-grassland, 46 cultivated and 44 riverine components. The river basin holds 17.5 % endemism and 17 RET species. The riparian tree species identified in the present investigation are Barringtonia racemosa, Calophyllum inophyllum, Crateva magna, Dillenia indica, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus, Garcinia gummi-gutta, Humboldtia vahliana, Largestromea speciosa, Neolamarkia kadamba, Ochrenauclea missionis, Syzigium salicifolium, Talipatri tiliaceaum and Trewia nudiflora. It is assumed that these potential tree species might have a crucial role to maintain the ecological integrity of the riparian zones and floodplain for the restoration of Pamba river.
NamesforLife Semantic Resolution Services for the Life Sciences
Authors: Parker Charles , Taylor Dorothea , Mannor Kara , Wigley Sarah , Osier Nicole , Lyons Catherine , Garrity George 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA major challenge in bioinformatics, life sciences, and medicine is using correct and informative names. While this sounds simple enough, many different naming conventions exist in the life sciences and medicine that may be either complementary or competitive with other naming conventions. For a variety of reasons, proper names are not always used, leading to an accumulated semantic ambiguity that readers of the literature and end users of databases are left to resolve on their own. This ambiguity is a growing problem and the biocuration community is aware of its consequences.To assist those confronted with ambiguous names (which not only includes researchers but clinicians, manufacturers, patent attorneys, and others who use biological data in their routine work), we developed a generalizable semantic model that represents names, concepts, and exemplars (representations of biological entities) as distinct objects. By identifying each object with a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) it becomes possible to place forward-pointing links in the published literature, in databases, and vector graphics that can be used as part of a mechanism for resolving ambiguities, thereby “future proofing” a nomenclature or terminology. A full implementation of the N4L model for the _Bacteria_ and Archaea was released in April, 2010. The system is professionally curated and represents a Tier III resource in Parkhill’s view of bioinformatic services. A variety of tools and web services have been developed for readers, publishers, and others (N4L Guide, N4L Autotagger, N4L Semantic Search, N4L Taxonomic Abstracts) and we are incorporating other taxonomies into the N4L data model, as well as adding additional phenotypic, genotypic, and genomic information to the existing exemplars to add greater value to end users.
Red wine polyphenols prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by endothelin-1 in rat aorta: role of NADPH oxidase
Authors: López-Sepúlveda Rocío , Gómez-Guzmán Manuel , Zarzuelo Maria José , Romero Miguel , Sánchez Manuel , Quintela Ana María , Galindo Pilar , O'Valle Francisco , Tamargo Juan , Pérez-Vizcaíno Francisco , Duarte Juan , Jiménez Rosario 
Published: October 2010

RWPs (red wine polyphenols) exert antihypertensive effects and improve endothelial function by reducing the plasma levels of ET-1 (endothelin-1) and the subsequent vascular production of O2•− (superoxide anion). Our present study was designed to evaluate whether RWPs act directly in the vascular wall improving endothelial dysfunction and O2•− production induced by ET-1 and to analyse the compounds responsible for these protective effects. We incubated rat isolated aortic rings in the presence or absence of ET-1 (10 nM) and RWPs (10−4 to 10−2 g/l) or catechin (0.2 μM), epicatechin (10 μM) and resveratrol (0.1 μM). ET-1 reduced the relaxant responses to acetylcholine, increased intracellular O2•− production, NADPH oxidase activity and protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox. All these changes were prevented by RWPs. The preventive effects of RWPs were unaffected by co-incubation with either ICI-182780, an ER (oestrogen receptor) antagonist, or GW9662, a PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) antagonist. RWPs inhibited the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2), a key regulator of p47phox expression in response to ET-1. When the isolated polyphenols were tested, at the concentrations found in 10−2 g/l RWPs, only epicatechin prevented endothelial dysfunction and all biochemical changes induced by ET-1 in the vascular wall. Taken together, these results indicate that RWPs prevent ET-1-induced vascular O2•− production by reducing overexpression of p47phox and the subsequent increased NADPH oxidase activity, leading to improvement in endothelial function. The effects of RWPs appear to be independent of ER and PPARγ activation and are related to ERK1/2 inhibition.
Tropical mid-tropospheric CO
2
variability driven by the Madden–Julian oscillation
Authors: Li King-Fai , Tian Baijun , Waliser Duane E. , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: October 2010

Carbon dioxide (CO
2
) is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas in the present-day climate. Most of the community focuses on its long-term (decadal to centennial) behaviors that are relevant to climate change, but there are relatively few discussions of its higher-frequency forms of variability, and none regarding its subseasonal distribution. In this work, we report a large-scale intraseasonal variation in the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder CO
2
data in the global tropical region associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The peak-to-peak amplitude of the composite MJO modulation is ∼1 ppmv, with a standard error of the composite mean < 0.1 ppmv. The correlation structure between CO
2
and rainfall and vertical velocity indicate positive (negative) anomalies in CO
2
arise due to upward (downward) large-scale vertical motions in the lower troposphere associated with the MJO. These findings can help elucidate how faster processes can organize, transport, and mix CO
2
and provide a robustness test for coupled carbon–climate models.
The Cytoskeleton and the Peroxisomal-Targeted SNOWY COTYLEDON3 Protein Are Required for Chloroplast Development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Albrecht Verónica , Šimková Klára , Carrie Chris , Delannoy Etienne , Giraud Estelle , Whelan Jim , Small Ian David , Apel Klaus , Badger Murray R. , Pogson Barry James 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Here, we describe the snowy cotyledon3 (sco3-1) mutation, which impairs chloroplast and etioplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. SCO3 is a member of a largely uncharacterized protein family unique to the plant kingdom. The sco3-1 mutation alters chloroplast morphology and development, reduces chlorophyll accumulation, impairs thylakoid formation and photosynthesis in seedlings, and results in photoinhibition under extreme CO2 concentrations in mature leaves. There are no readily apparent changes to chloroplast biology, such as transcription or assembly that explain the disruption to chloroplast biogenesis. Indeed, SCO3 is actually targeted to another organelle, specifically to the periphery of peroxisomes. However, impaired chloroplast development cannot be attributed to perturbed peroxisomal metabolic processes involving germination, fatty acid β-oxidation or photorespiration, though there are so far undescribed changes in low and high CO2 sensitivity in seedlings and young true leaves. Many of the chloroplasts are bilobed, and some have persistent membranous extensions that encircle other cellular components. Significantly, there are changes to the cytoskeleton in sco3-1, and microtubule inhibitors have similar effects on chloroplast biogenesis as sco3-1 does. The localization of SCO3 to the periphery of the peroxisomes was shown to be dependent on a functional microtubule cytoskeleton. Therefore, the microtubule and peroxisome-associated SCO3 protein is required for chloroplast development, and sco3-1, along with microtubule inhibitors, demonstrates an unexpected role for the cytoskeleton and peroxisomes in chloroplast biogenesis.
‘Keeping families and children in mind’: an evaluation of a web‐based workforce resource
Authors: Reupert Andrea , Foster Kim , Maybery Darryl , Eddy Kylie , Fudge Elizabeth 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis study outlines pilot evaluation data of the web‐based training resource ‘Keeping Families and Children in Mind’, designed for clinicians who work with families where a parent has a mental illness. The resource was developed from scoping existing workforce packages and in consultation with consumers, carers, researchers and mental‐health clinicians. Preliminary evaluation data were collected from an urban and a rural site in Australia via focus group interviews and pre‐ and post‐training questionnaires to ascertain the experiences of those who participated in the training. Additionally, training facilitators were invited to maintain journals in order to identify planning and implementation issues when using the resource. Post‐training, participants emphasized the need to work collaboratively with others, as well as the importance of acknowledging and working with the family members of consumers, especially children. Also, participants reported positive changes in knowledge, skill and confidence when working with families affected by parental mental illness. Facilitators highlighted technology issues and the need to work interactively with participants when using the resource. Recommendations regarding policy and future research conclude this paper.
Intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer: comparison of frozen sections, imprint cytology and immunocytochemistry
Authors: Francz M. , Egervari K. , Szollosi Z. 
Published: October 2010

M. Francz, K. Egervari and Z. Szollosi Intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer: comparison of frozen sections, imprint cytology and immunocytochemistryObjective:  We analysed the utility of imprint cytology with rapid immunocytochemistry and frozen section analysis for the evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients.Methods:  The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values have been calculated for each method individually, each pair and all three together. We compared these results with those of routinely processed paraffin sections.Results:  The sensitivity and specificity of each of the three methods for detection of metastatic carcinoma were as follows: 69.4% and 97.8% for touch imprint cytology; 58.3% and 100% for frozen sections; 68.5% and 98.9% for rapid immunocytochemistry. When the methods were combined, the highest accuracy was achieved by touch imprint cytology, frozen sections, touch imprint cytology plus rapid immunocytochemistry, or touch imprint cytology frozen section analysis and rapid immunocytochemistry, each of these having identical sensitivity and specificity of 72.2% and 97.8%, respectively.Conclusions:  In our study the combined accuracy of the three methods was the same as combining touch imprint cytology and frozen sections or touch imprint cytology plus rapid immunocytochemistry. Rapid immunocytochemistry provides an additional parameter and preserves tissue for permanent sections.
Depressive symptoms in older female carers of adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Chou Y. C. , Pu C‐Y. , Fu L‐Y. , Kröger T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground  This survey study aims to examine the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among primary older female family carers of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID).Method  In total, 350 female family carers aged 55 and older took part and completed the interview in their homes. The survey package contained standardised scales to assess carer self‐reported depressive symptoms, social support, caregiving burden and disease and health, as well as adult and carer sociodemographic information. Multiple linear regressions were used to identify the factors associated with high depressive symptoms in carers.Results  Between 64% and 72% of these carers were classified as having high depressive symptoms. The factors associated with carer self‐reported depressive symptoms were carer physical health, social support and caregiving burden; overall, the carer self‐reported physical health was a stronger factor associated with depressive symptoms than their physical disease status. The level of the adult with ID's behavioural functioning and the carer age, marital status, employment status, education level and the family income level were not significantly associated with carer depressive symptoms.Conclusions  The factors identified in this study as correlating with self‐reported depressive symptoms suggest that researchers and mental health professionals should collaborate to help improve the physical health and social support networks of the most vulnerable older female family carers. This should reduce depressive symptoms directly among this high‐risk group.
Visual perception and frontal lobe in intellectual disabilities: a study with evoked potentials and neuropsychology
Authors: Muñoz‐Ruata J. , Caro‐Martínez E. , Martínez Pérez L. , Borja M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground  Perception disorders are frequently observed in persons with intellectual disability (ID) and their influence on cognition has been discussed. The objective of this study is to clarify the mechanisms behind these alterations by analysing the visual event related potentials early component, the N1 wave, which is related to perception alterations in several pathologies. Additionally, the relationship between N1 and neuropsychological visual tests was studied with the aim to understand its functional significance in ID persons.Method  A group of 69 subjects, with etiologically heterogeneous mild ID, performed an odd‐ball task of active discrimination of geometric figures. N1a (frontal) and N1b (post‐occipital) waves were obtained from the evoked potentials. They also performed several neuropsychological tests.Results  Only component N1a, produced by the target stimulus, showed significant correlations with the visual integration, visual semantic association, visual analogical reasoning tests, Perceptual Reasoning Index (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition) and intelligence quotient.Conclusions  The systematic correlations, produced by the target stimulus in perceptual abilities tasks, with the N1a (frontal) and not with N1b (posterior), suggest that the visual perception process involves frontal participation. These correlations support the idea that the N1a and N1b are not equivalent.The relationship between frontal functions and early stages of visual perception is revised and discussed, as well as the frontal contribution with the neuropsychological tests used. A possible relationship between the frontal activity dysfunction in ID and perceptive problems is suggested. Perceptive alteration observed in persons with ID could indeed be because of altered sensory areas, but also to a failure in the frontal participation of perceptive processes conceived as elaborations inside reverberant circuits of perception–action.
Polymorphism in 3′‐untranslated region of toll‐like receptor 4 gene is associated with protection from hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Zhou L. , Wei B. , Xing C. , Xie H. , Yu X. , Wu L. , Zheng S. 
Published: October 2010

L. Zhou, B. Wei, C. Xing, H. Xie, X. Yu, L. Wu, S. Zheng. Polymorphism in 3′‐untranslated region of toll‐like receptor 4 gene is associated with protection from hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 250–258. All rights reservedBackground
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence is one of the more severe complications following liver transplantation. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in human immunity by recognizing various bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLRs are thought to have an impact on the susceptibility to some pathogens. This study focused on the association between polymorphisms in the TLRs and HBV recurrence after liver transplantation in Han Chinese patients.Methods. A total of 41 tag SNPs in TLRs were detected by the snapshot technique in 125 patients with primary HBV‐related diseases receiving liver transplantation in our center from 2004 to 2008.Results. By comparing the genetic variations and clinical data between the HBV recurrence patients and nonrecurrence patients, we found that the variant genotype of rs11536889 (TLR4) was significantly associated with HBV recurrence after liver transplantation (P=0.040, odds ratio was 0.390, 95% confidence interval 0.159–0.957).Conclusion. Our findings indicate that polymorphism in 3′‐untranslated regions of the TLR4 gene may be related to protection from HBV recurrence after liver transplantation in Han Chinese patients.