bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the contribution of low‐frequency internal variability modes to global mean sea surface temperature variability based on large ensembles
Authors: Yang Lu , Lin Pengfei , Liu Hailong , Zhao Bowen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBased on three large ensemble (LE) historical simulations, this study explored the contribution of low‐frequency internal variability (IV) modes to global mean sea surface temperature anomaly (GmSST) during 1920–2010. The dominant contributions of low‐frequency IV modes to GmSST in the three large ensembles are quite different. The low‐frequency IV modes in the Indo‐Pacific Ocean (i.e., IPO and IOBW) dominate the low‐frequency GmSST signal for the CESM2 and MPI LEs (the ensemble median contribution value reaches 70%–80%), while the low‐frequency IV modes in the North Atlantic dominate for the FGOALS‐g3 LE (contribute more than 50%). CESM2 LE and MPI LE can reasonably reproduce the impact of low‐frequency modes in the Indo‐Pacific ocean as observed, but FGOALS‐g3 LE underestimates this impact and overestimates the extratropical impact (on GmSST) of the North Atlantic. After removing the external forcing, it still retains the excessive signs in low‐frequency IV modes in FGOALS‐g3 LE over the North Atlantic. Furthermore, we used a pattern adjustment approach to revise the surplus effect in the North Atlantic. After revision, the contribution of decadal IVs in the North Atlantic to GmSST is reduced by 30%. Meanwhile, the tropical contribution in the Indo‐Pacific Ocean is increased and that is closer to the observed one. This approach can be employed to revise the weak or strong IV signals in other regions or LEs, which is meaningful for reducing the uncertainty of IV signals.
Climate change impacts on Central Asia: Trends, extremes and future projections
Authors: Fallah Bijan , Didovets Iulii , Rostami Masoud , Hamidi Mehdi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCentral Asia (CA) is among the world's most vulnerable regions to climate change. Increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations (GHGs) are the primary forcing of the current and future climate system for the time scale of a century. By analysing observation datasets, we show that a warming of 1.2°C led to a decrease of 20% in snow‐depth CA during the last 70 years, especially over the mountains. In recent decades, longer summer times and fewer icing days (more than 20 days·year−1) have exposed unprecedented shock to CA's climate system's components. Furthermore, we analyse 442 model simulations from Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5 and 6 (CMIP5, CMIP6) and show that CMIP6 simulations are generally warmer and wetter than the CMIP5 ones in CA. For instance, under the highest emission scenarios (RCP8.5 and SSP5‐8.5), CMIP6 projects a 6.1°C increase, while CMIP5 projects a 5.3°C increase, suggesting CMIP6 anticipates greater warming with high emissions. In contrast to CMIP6, the CMIP5 precipitation trends suggest a potential nonlinear relationship between increased greenhouse gas emissions and changes in precipitation, though the impact is much less pronounced than the temperature changes. Our analysis shows that CMIP6 models are more sensitive to temperature rise than CMIP5 ones. Both simulation sets' ensemble means capture well the observed warming trend. The imposed snow‐melting leads to an increase in the run‐off in the vicinity of glaciers. Such climatic shifts lead to more flooding events in CA. Given the projected warming range of 2–6°C in CA at the end of the century in various scenarios and models, such warming trends might be catastrophic in this region. The seasonal cycle of the temperature change indicates an extension of the glacier's melting period under future scenarios with fossil‐fueled development. The models' uncertainty increases for the far‐future time‐slice, and warming larger than 4°C in CA is very likely among all the models and during all the seasons if no sustainable action is taken. This study also incorporates a detailed Köppen climate classification analysis, revealing significant shifts towards warmer climate categories in Central Asia, which may have profound implications for regional hydrological cycles and water resource management, particularly in the Amu Darya and Syr Darya river basins under warmer scenario by the end of the century. The Tundra and ice cap climate categories will lose more than 60% of their coverage at the end of the century compared to the historical period in the Amu Darya and Syr Darya river basins.
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation modulates the relationship between North Pacific Oscillation and winter precipitation in North China Plain
Authors: Zheng Fei , Li Yuxun , Chen Jianhui , Huang Wei , Sun Cheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe North China Plain, a crucial region for winter wheat cultivation, exhibits yield deeply affected by the variability of winter precipitation. This study examines the interdecadal variation in the relationship between the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and winter precipitation in the North China Plain (WPNC). Utilizing the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) as an intermediary, we have observed an interdecadal variation in the relationship between WPNC and NPO after the late‐1990s. Before 1994, the relationship between NPO and EAWM/WPNC both exhibited a significant positive correlation, while after 1998, their correlation decreased and became insignificant. This interdecadal variation can be attributed to the eastward shift of the winter NPO's location after the late‐1990s. Our investigation found that the eastward shift of the NPO's location is closely linked to the phase transition of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phase after the late‐1990s. The warm sea surface temperatures (SST) over the North Atlantic cause ascending motion, and the outflows induce a compensatory anticyclonic circulation over the North Pacific. The easterlies anomaly on the south side of the anticyclone weakens climatological westerlies, increasing SST and upper‐level air temperatures in the North Pacific through the wind–evaporation–SST–longwave radiation effect. The resulting warmer air strengthens the atmospheric temperature gradient, enhancing the vertical integration of baroclinic energy conversion and shifting the NPO eastward, reducing its correlation with WPNC.
Carboxyl‐functionalized covalent organic frameworks for the extraction of malachite green and crystal violet in environmental water samples prior to quantification by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Lai Bingmei , Hu Haoyun , Tang Ningli , Huang Yipeng , Ruan Guihua 
Published: May 2024

In this study, monodisperse, uniform, and spherical covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were synthesized using 1,3,5‐tris (4‐aminophenyl) benzene and 1,3,5‐tricarboxaldehyde benzene at room temperature. Post‐modification of 6‐aminocaproic acid on the COFs yielded carboxyl‐modified COFs (COFs‐COOH). The modification enhanced the hydrophilicity and adsorption efficiencies of COFs‐COOH for malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV). A COFs‐COOH‐based dispersive solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for the analysis of MG and CV. The method showed a linear range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL with detection limits of 1.82 and 0.70 ng/mL for MG and CV detection, respectively. The recoveries of MG and CV from water samples collected from fish farms and markets ranged from 91.63% to 107.10% with relative standard deviations below 5%. Reproducibility tests demonstrated that the adsorption efficiencies of COFs‐COOH were maintained at above 85.86% over 15 cycles. The study verified the potential of COFs‐COOH as sorbents for the enrichment and separation of triphenylmethane dyes from complex samples.
Efficient Fabrication of Bioinspired Flexible Pressure Sensors via Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing Method
Authors: Shi Shiwei , Abbas Zeshan , Hu Xiaoguang , Zheng Xiaohu , Zhao Xiangyu , Ren Tongqun , Wang Dazhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBioinspired microdevices have made significant strides in various applications including human motion and health detection. However, facile and highly efficient fabrication approach of flexible pressure sensors remains a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the gecko's foot structure, a flexible pressure sensor with microdomes structure is fabricated by tip‐assisted on‐demand electrohydrodynamic jet (EHD‐jet) printing method. Ascribed to the interlocking electrodes with microdome structure, 3D deformation rates are substantially enlarged. When the microdromes structure is under pressure, the resistivity of carbon nanotubes film coated on the surface of microdomes structure will change remarkably. By using the combined effect of assisted tip and ring focusing electrode, the influence and constraints on microstructure fabrication caused by substrate material and morphology are minimized. The desired uniform structures can be adjusted rapidly by changing the printing parameters and liquid properties. High length‐height ratio (0.64) of microdomes enhances sensitivity, with minimum detection limit is 2 Pa and response time is 40 ms. Finally, the bionic flexible sensor indicated excellent performance in capable of detecting pressure, sound vibrations and human motion. This work presents a new method for high‐efficiency fabrication micro‐nano patterns for flexible sensors inspired, which could be used in wearable tech and health monitoring.
Temperature prediction based on long short‐term memory convolutional neural network Bragg grating sensing
Authors: Shao Xiangxin , Chang Shige , Zhao Yihan , Jiang Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo address the constraints associated with conventional fitting techniques for temperature demodulation in the context of subway tunnel fires, a new method of demodulation grating sensing spectrum using long short‐term memory convolutional neural network (LSTM‐CNN) is proposed in this paper. Build the monitoring platform based on LSTM‐CNN ultra‐weak fiber grating temperature measurement system, predict its sensing signals by LSTM‐CNN algorithm, select 18000 spectra as sample data for training, use AdamW stochastic optimization algorithm for training, and carry out the temperature calibration and demodulation error analysis of the Fiber Bragg Grating within the temperature range of 25–75°C. Compared with GRU algorithm, LSTM algorithm and traditional maximum peak method, the algorithm of this paper is good and can effectively improve the measurement accuracy, the experimental results show that: the demodulation accuracy of temperature wavelength prediction in this paper can be up to 99.27%, and the root mean square deviation is 0.08528°C, through the experiments, it is verified that the method proposed in this paper has a certain reference and support in terms of theories and technology significance. It is suitable for the identification and monitoring of fire hazards in underground tunnels, and also has application value in the signal processing of grating array sensing demodulation system.
Enhanced and robust contrast in CEST MRI: Saturation pulse shape design via optimal control
Authors: Stilianu Clemens , Graf Christina , Huemer Markus , Diwoky Clemens , Soellradl Martin , Rund Armin , Zaiss Moritz , Stollberger Rudolf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo employ optimal control for the numerical design of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) saturation pulses to maximize contrast and stability against inhomogeneities.Theory and MethodsWe applied an optimal control framework for the design pulse shapes for CEST saturation pulse trains. The cost functional minimized both the pulse energy and the discrepancy between the corresponding CEST spectrum and the target spectrum based on a continuous radiofrequency (RF) pulse. The optimization is subject to hardware limitations. In measurements on a 7 T preclinical scanner, the optimal control pulses were compared to continuous‐wave and Gaussian saturation methods. We conducted a comparison of the optimal control pulses with Gaussian, block pulse trains, and adiabatic spin‐lock pulses.ResultsThe optimal control pulse train demonstrated saturation levels comparable to continuous‐wave saturation and surpassed Gaussian saturation by up to 50 % in phantom measurements. In phantom measurements at 3 T the optimized pulses not only showcased the highest CEST contrast, but also the highest stability against field inhomogeneities. In contrast, block pulse saturation resulted in severe artifacts. Dynamic Bloch‐McConnell simulations were employed to identify the source of these artifacts, and underscore the robustness of the optimized pulses.ConclusionIn this work, it was shown that a substantial improvement in pulsed saturation CEST imaging can be achieved by using Optimal Control design principles. It is possible to overcome the sensitivity of saturation to B0 inhomogeneities while achieving CEST contrast close to continuous wave saturation.
Trendbericht: Technische Chemie 2024
Authors: Bremer Jens , Ränger Lena‐Marie , Friedland Jens 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDie Zirkularität von Stoffströmen, die Nachhaltigkeit, vor allem die Nutzung biogener Rohstoffe, sowie die Ressourcen‐ und Energiesicherheit sind seit Jahren wichtige Ziele. Ob in der Reaktions‐ oder der Trenntechnik, alle Bereiche der technischen Chemie profitieren von grundlegenden Stützpfeilern. Mit den darin enthaltenen methodischen Ansätzen lassen sich maßgeschneiderte Lösungen auf allen Größenskalen erstellen, Szenarien für die Energiewende entwerfen oder mit virtuellen Visualisierungen Vorstellungen von der Zukunft bekommen.
Wenn der scheinbare Irrweg die Zielgerade ist
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractZunächst klingt alles nach einer klassischen Erfolgsgeschichte: Ein Chemiker findet direkt nach der Promotion eine Anstellung in der Industrie. Schnell steigt er im Unternehmen auf. Dann stellt er fest: Sein Job macht ihn unglücklich. Und jetzt?
Anderes Wasser, anderer Anspruch
Authors: Hupach Sascha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDer TOC‐Wert sagt aus, wie viel organische Verbindungen eine Probe enthält. Um ihn zu bestimmen, ist ein Katalysator nötig. Salzhaltige Proben machen diesen allerdings irgendwann unbrauchbar und verkürzen so den Zeitraum, in dem sich der Analysator nutzen lässt. Das lässt sich verhindern.
So entsteht eine Schauvorlesung
Authors: Böhme Hanna , Burkmann Konrad , Braun Sara , Hadwich Wiebke , Hansel Bastian , Herbig Marcus , Knerr Steven , Neubert Richard , Schneider Selina , Weiß Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWie lassen sich Studienwerbung, Wissenschaftskommunikation, Freude an Schauspiel und Interesse an Naturwissenschaften verbinden? Im Jahr 2019 haben sich an der Fakultät für Chemie, Physik und Biowissenschaften der TU Bergakademie Freiberg naturwissenschaftsbegeisterte Menschen zusammengetan, um das herauszufinden. Das jährliche Highlight: die Schauvorlesung.
Europäische Phosphortagung in Würzburg
Authors: Glock Julian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDer 20. European Workshop on Phosphorus Chemistry (EWPC) fand erstmals am Hubland‐Campus in Würzburg statt. Anfang März versammelten sich 137 Chemikerinnen und Chemiker, davon 8 aus der Industrie, und 44 Arbeitsgruppen aus 10 Ländern. Die dreitägige Konferenz umfasste 2 Plenarvorträge und 30 weitere Vorträge. Geplant, organisiert und durchgeführt wurde die Veranstaltung von der Würzburger Arbeitsgruppe um Holger Helten, Professor für Anorganische Chemie.
A mixed nonlocal finite element model for thermo‐poro‐elasto‐plastic simulation of porous media with multiphase fluid flow
Authors: Komijani M. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryA new mixed nonlocal finite element framework is developed for nonlinear thermo‐poro‐elasto‐plastic simulation of porous media with multiphase pore fluid flow and thermal coupling. The solid‐fluid interaction is accounted for using the mixture theory of Biot based on the volume fractions concept. Different sources of nolinearities arising from the multiphase fluid flow effects, advective‐diffusive heat transfer, inelastic deformation, fluid flux injection induced mechanical tractions, solid skeleton deformation permeability dependence, and temperature dependent viscosity are included in developing a robust numerical solver for the targeted coupled multiphysics problem. To address the effect of microstructure in inelastic localized deformation behaviour with dilational softening, a nonlocal plasticity model is proposed based on a characteristic length scale which rectifies the non‐physical pathological mesh dependence problem encountered in conventional plasticity. The accuracy and strength of the developed model is shown with comparing the obtained numerical results of a benchmark bilateral compression test with existing published data in the literature. To show the versatility and robustness of the developed computational framework in modelling the geomechanics of real‐case engineering practices, large scale thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) subsurface stimulation processes with applications in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are effectively simulated and the targeted enhanced recovery and performances are demonstrated. The current formulation does not include phase transformation modelling capability, and therefore, the developed models may not be applicable for simulation of the engineering processes that involve phase change behaviour (e.g., steam injection).
Caveats of three direct linear solvers for finite element analyses
Authors: Pedroso Dorival M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe solution of large linear systems of equations with sparse matrices is a critical component of finite element analyses. Three linear solvers are investigated here: MUMPS, UMFPACK, and Intel DSS (PARDISO). Often, these solvers are employed as “black boxes.” However, some caveats in their implementation must be observed. For instance, the solvers may yield incorrect results or perform extremely poorly in a multithread environment. These issues are demonstrated, and suggestions to fix them are provided. Some performance benchmarks are also presented with a focus on the multithreaded behavior.
Greenspaces of psychiatric clinics and patient perceptions: A mixed‐methods exploration
Authors: Schmid Hannah‐Lea , Nowak Anna , Oeljeklaus Lydia , McCall Timothy , Hornberg Claudia , Caspers Barbara A. , Zerbe Stefan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Nature and natural elements have been proven to promote mental health and well‐being but there is a research gap regarding psychiatric environments, despite the importance of psychiatric hospitals for mental health. It is essential to understand the particular characteristics relevant for patients in these settings.

We conducted semi‐structured in‐situ interviews with patients on greenspaces around two psychiatric hospitals in Germany to identify positive and negative perceptions of natural elements and amenities. The perceptions are embedded into the perceived sensory dimensions (PSD) concept and combined with mapping data to achieve in‐depth descriptions of the psychiatric greenspaces.

The results show the importance of greenspaces for psychiatric patients and their positive sentiments towards those spaces. The greenspaces have to provide for diverse needs and support different uses of patients at various stages of recovery. User‐sensitive and multifunctional greenspace design can reconcile conflicts of interest and contribute to a therapeutic landscape.

We propose that the PSD can complement the concept of Therapeutic Landscapes, especially when the focus is on natural environments.

‘Policy implications’: Multifunctional greenspaces around psychiatric clinics can help patients to relax, enjoy the connection to nature and other people, and further their well‐being. The spaces have to be carefully designed and can potentially have a therapeutic effect on people with mental‐health problems and simultaneously enhance nature conservation and biodiversity.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Selenium‐chitosan engineered nanocomposite as efficient formulated fish diet evaluated for sustainable aquaculture practice of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) fishes
Authors: Srinivasan Latha , Gayathri Abinaya , Kaliaperumal Kumaravel , Thirunavukkarasu Rajasekar , Suresh Arumugam , Subramanian Kumaran , Devanesan Sandhanasamy , AlSalhi Mohamad S. , Shobana Sampath 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOreochromis niloticus a Nile tilapia fish is widely used for fish culture practice in many countries for its easy acclimatization and high yield at a short pace of time. Selenium‐chitosan (SeCh) nanoparticles are efficiently used in agriculture, medicine, and aquaculture practices in several studies. The significant approach of Selenium‐Chitosan incorporated fish feed will be evaluated in the present study to achieve the better aquaculture practice in future. In the present study, SeCh nanoparticle was chemically synthesized and incorporated with formulated fish feed. Selenium formulated fish feed contains 31.49 g of carbohydrates and 41.52 g of proteins. SeCh‐fed O. niloticus fingerlings exhibited significantly increased specific growth rates in terms of weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Chemical characterization of SeChNPs through FTIR spectroscopy indicates the presence of an adjuvant combination of selenium and chitosan presence through functional groups of COO stretch, CH, CC, and CN stretch representing at 3226, 2878, and 1734 cm−1, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX analysis revealed the structural properties of SeChNPs as a fibrous pattern that contains Carbon, Oxygen, and Selenium elements as predominant peak values. SeChNPs incorporated fish feed has higher protein content which is a standard hallmark for a fish feed and an essential prerequisite for fish growth. The formulated SeCh fish feed in the present study is an innovative approach which can be taken further for higher level testing and processing for developing as a better fish feed in terms of feasible and efficient fish growth enhancer.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of MPDZ gene variants: A case report with prenatally detected Dandy–Walker malformation and single ventricle heart
Authors: Stanković Anđela , Toljić Mina , Orlić Nataša Karadžov , Miković Željko , Joksić Ivana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 19‐year‐old gravida underwent genetic counseling at the 26th week of gestation due to sonographically detected fetal anomalies, including Dandy–Walker malformation, characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and an enlarged cisterna magna, and single ventricle heart. Following amniocentesis at the 27th week, after the normal quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction and chromosomal microarray results, trio clinical exome sequencing was performed, revealing a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in the MPDZ gene, c.4576G>T (NM_001378778.1). So far, homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in MPDZ have been strongly linked to congenital hydrocephalus type 2 with or without accompanying brain or eye anomalies. The reported variant, absent in control databases, resulted in premature termination of protein synthesis, consistent with pathogenicity predictions. Both parents were identified as heterozygous carriers. Pregnancy termination was chosen post‐diagnosis. Postmortem findings correlated with prenatal ultrasound. Our case broadens the prenatal phenotypic spectrum associated with MPDZ variants, necessitating further studies for comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms beneath the clinical manifestations.