bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and morphology development of isotactic polypropylene nanofibers from isotactic polypropylene/polylactide blends
Authors: Liu Peng , Ouyang Yang , Xiao Ru 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe excellent characteristics of polymeric nanofibers with diameters less than 1 μm such as the enormous specific surface result in a dramatic increase in a variety of functional applications. In this article, polymer blends of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and polylactide (PLA) were fabricated through a twin‐screw extruder. The extrudates were prepared at various processing conditions and the iPP nanofibers were obtained by removal of the PLA matrix from the drawn samples. The influences of drawing ratio, the processing temperature, and the blend ratio of iPP/PLA on the morphology development of iPP phase were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the uniformed iPP nanofibers with averaged diameters less than 500 nm were fabricated by the suitable processing parameters. Otherwise, the processing immiscibility and rheological behavior of iPP/PLA blends were studied by means of dynamic mechanical analysis and capillary rheometer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Imaging the Reaction Dynamics of O(3P)+CH4→OH+CH3
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Liu Kopin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe title reaction was studied in a crossed‐beam experiment, in which the ground‐state methyl products were probed using a time‐sliced velocity‐imaging technique. By taking images over the energy range of chemical significance, from the threshold to about 15 kcal mol−1, the reactive excitation function as well as the dependences of product angular distributions and of the energy disposal on initial collision energies were determined. All experimental data are consistent with the picture that the ground‐state reaction of O(3P)+CH4 proceeds via a direct abstraction rebound‐type mechanism with a narrow cone of acceptance. Deeper insights into the underlying mechanism and the key feature of the potential‐energy surface are elucidated by comparing the results with the corresponding observables in the analogous Cl+CH4 reaction.
Extended surgery for advanced pancreatic endocrine tumours
Authors: Kleine M , Schrem H , Vondran F W R , Krech T , Klempnauer J , Bektas H 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic endocrine tumours are often diagnosed at an advanced stage with hepatic metastasis. This study investigated whether extended resections for advanced malignant pancreatic endocrine tumours influenced disease-free and disease-specific survival.

Methods
Patients who had curative resection of pancreatic endocrine tumours were analysed retrospectively for disease-free and disease-specific survival, with a focus on the role of extended surgical resection.

Results
Forty-one patients were included in the analysis, 13 of whom underwent extended surgical resection in addition to pancreatic resection. This included partial liver resection in nine patients, portal vein resection in three, partial gastric resection in five and liver transplantation in three patients. There were no deaths in hospital or within 30 days. Median follow-up was 40 (range 2–239) months. Thirty-five, 24 and 13 patients survived more than 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. Patients who underwent extended resection had similar disease-specific survival to those who had pancreatic resection alone (hazard ratio (HR) 1·50, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·35 to 6·35; P = 0·581) but with a higher frequency of complications (odds ratio (OR) 4·28, 95 per cent c.i. 1·04 to 17·62; P = 0·044). Among patients with liver metastases, the mortality rate was higher in those in whom liver resection was not possible than in patients who had liver resection (HR 9·24, 1·00 to 85·18; P = 0·049). Patients who had liver resection had similar disease-specific survival to those without liver metastases (HR 0·84, 0·09 to 7·57; P = 0·877).

Conclusion
Extended surgical resection for locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic endocrine tumours is feasible with encouraging disease-specific survival. Copyright © 2011 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HDL‐C Levels and Revascularization Procedures in Coronary Heart Disease Patients Treated With Statins to Target LDL‐C Levels
Authors: Elis Avishay , Pereg David , Froom Paul , Lishner Michael , Segev David , Hermoni Doron 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:A low level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) is a strong predictor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality at all low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations.Hypothesis:We evaluated this association in routine clinical practice among statin‐treated coronary heart disease patients who achieved LDL‐C target levels. This association also exists in routine clinical practice.Methods:A retrospective dynamic cohort included all male coronary heart disease patients of the Sharon‐Shomron district, Clalit Health Services, Israel, with LDL‐C levels <100 mg/dL and who were receiving statins (≥6 purchases/y) from January 1998 to June 2008. Data were collected on demographic variables; coexistence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral vascular diseases; details of revascularization procedures; and lipid levels. The outcome variable was revascularization procedure, by either percutaneous intervention or coronary artery bypass graft.Results:The study group of 909 male patients was stratified into quintiles, based on mean HDL‐C levels: Q1 (n = 179): ≤26.4 mg/dL; Q2 (n = 190): 26.4–≤30.0 mg/dL; Q3 (n = 191): >30.0–≤34.0 mg/dL; Q4 (n = 186): >34.0–≤41.0 mg/dL; Q5 (n = 163): >41.0 mg/dL. During the study period, 307 (33.8%) of the cohort required ≥1 revascularization procedure. Those in the highest quintile underwent significantly fewer procedures (40.8% for Q1 vs 16.6% for Q5, P<0.001). This significant effect of the highest HDL‐C quintile was not influenced by any variable.Conclusions:The protective effect of high HDL‐C levels, regardless of other risk factors, in preventing revascularization procedures was confirmed in the routine clinical practice among statin‐treated CHD patients who reached LDL‐C level <100 mg/dL. Possible additional benefits of using agents to raise HDL‐C levels should be investigated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Adjuvant trastuzumab reduces locoregional recurrence in women who receive breast‐conservation therapy for lymph node‐negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Kiess Ana P. , McArthur Heather L. , Mahoney Kathleen , Patil Sujata , Morris Patrick G. , Ho Alice , Hudis Clifford A. , McCormick Beryl 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer have a higher risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR), even in the setting of early stage, lymph node‐negative disease. In this sequential, retrospective study, the authors evaluated whether adjuvant trastuzumab was associated with reduced LRR in women with lymph node‐negative, HER2‐positive disease who received breast‐conservation therapy (BCT).METHODS:By using an institutional database, 197 women were identified who had lymph node‐negative, HER2‐positive breast cancer measuring ≤5 cm diagnosed between 2002 and 2008 and who received BCT, including whole‐breast irradiation. Two cohorts were compared: 70 women who did not receive trastuzumab (the no‐trastuzumab cohort) and 102 women who did receive trastuzumab (the trastuzumab cohort). Kaplan‐Meier methods were used to estimate LRR‐free survival.RESULTS:The 2 cohorts were similar in age, tumor size, histology, and hormone receptor status. Chemotherapy was received by 73% of the no‐trastuzumab cohort and by 100% of the trastuzumab cohort. In both groups, 99% of patients completed radiotherapy with a median dose of 60 Gray. The median recurrence‐free follow‐up was 86 months for the no‐trastuzumab cohort and 47 months for the trastuzumab cohort. The 3‐year LRR‐free survival rate was 90% (95% confidence interval, 83%‐97%) for the no‐trastuzumab cohort and 99% (95% confidence interval, 97%‐100%) for the trastuzumab cohort. In the no‐trastuzumab cohort, LRR occurred in 7 patients (median time to LRR, 14 months). In the trastuzumab cohort, there was 1 LRR at 14 months.CONCLUSIONS:Even among women with lower risk breast cancer, the relatively high locoregional failure rates associated with positive HER2 status could be reduced markedly with adjuvant trastuzumab chemotherapy. Within 3 years, a 10% LRR rate without trastuzumab and a 1% LRR rate with trastuzumab were observed in women with lymph node‐negative disease who received BCT. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Structure and Photoelectron Spectral Properties of I−⋅nCO2 Clusters: An ab Initio Study
Authors: Pathak Arup K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStructures and photoelectron spectral properties of I−⋅nCO2 (n=1–7) clusters are presented at the level of second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory with relativistic corrections. Triple split‐valence 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set functions are employed herein. It is observed that the CO2 molecules approach the I− anion from one side in all the clusters and that I−⋅nCO2 clusters prefer the surface structure. The calculated vertical detachment energy of these clusters is in excellent agreement with the reported experimentally measured values (within 4 %). Efforts are also made to extract vertical detachment energy of large size of clusters, including the bulk. The extracted vertical detachment energy values for larger clusters (n=8–13) by employing the microscopic theory‐based expression are also close (within 4 %) to that of the experimentally measured values.
Network Mobility in satellite networks: architecture and the protocol
Authors: Shahriar Abu Zafar M. , Atiquzzaman Mohammed , Ivancic William 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYMobility management is required to ensure the session continuity for multiple Internet Protocol‐enabled devices onboard a satellite that hands off between ground stations. Network Mobility (NEMO) can efficiently manage the mobility of multiple Internet Protocol‐enabled devices that are connected as a mobile network. However, existing mobility management solutions for satellite networks are unable to route through intermediate satellites links when a direct connection with a ground station is lost. We proposed an architecture of NEMO in satellite networks with routing through multiple satellite links using nesting, where a mobile network connects to another mobile network. However, NEMO Basic Support Protocol can be inefficient in satellite networks because of poor nesting formation leading to the routing loop, inefficient routes, and overloaded links. We extended NEMO Basic Support Protocol for the efficient use in satellite networks by augmenting it with a decision criteria for the nesting. Results verify that the extended protocol ensures loop‐free and continuous connection despite the loss of direct connection to the ground and provides an insight on how to form the nested NEMO to avoid overloading. The architecture and the extended NEMO protocol can be used for the efficient and continuous transfer of data from satellite networks to the ground. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel TaulacZ allele reveals a requirement for Pitx2 in formation of the mammillothalamic tract
Authors: Skidmore Jennifer M. , Waite Mindy R. , Alvarez‐Bolado Gonzalo , Puelles Luis , Martin Donna M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe hypothalamic mammillary region is critical for spatial memory and vestibular processing. Pitx2 encodes a paired‐like transcription factor that is highly expressed in the developing mammillary region and is required for subthalamic nucleus formation. Here we analyzed a loss of function Pitx2‐TaulacZ knock‐in allele to study the effects of Pitx2 deficiency on neuronal projections in the embryonic mammillary region. Pitx2‐expressing neurons contribute axons to principal mammillary, mammillotegmental and mammillotectal tracts. Embryos with Pitx2 deficiency exhibit axonal fibers in the principal mammillary tract that are improperly bundled and disorganized, yet project caudally toward the tectum and tegmentum. Embryos with Nestin‐Cre mediated conditional Pitx2 deficiency exhibit truncated mammillothalamic tracts (mtt) that fail to elongate, and reduced Pax6‐positive cells at the branching point of the principal mammillary and mtt. These data suggest that Pitx2 mediates cell‐autonomous and nonautonomous guidance cues necessary for mammillary collaterals destined to project to the anterior thalamus. genesis 50:67–73, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Room‐Temperature Long‐Lived 3IL Excited State of Rhodamine in an NN PtII Bis(acetylide) Complex with Intense Visible‐Light Absorption
Authors: Huang Ling , Zeng Le , Guo Huimin , Wu Wanhua , Wu Wenting , Ji Shaomin , Zhao Jianzhang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn NN PtII bis(acetylide) complex was prepared with the rhodamine fluorophore [Pt–Rho, in which NN is dbbpy = 4,4′‐bis(tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)]. Complex Pt–Rho shows intense absorption in the visible region (ϵ = 185800 M–1 cm–1 at 556 nm) and a fluorescence emission of the ligand (λem = 580 nm, ΦL = 41.1 %, τL = 2.50 ns). The long‐lived rhodamine‐localised intraligand triplet excited state (3IL, τT = 83.0 μs) was proposed to be populated upon excitation of the rhodamine ligand, proved by nanosecond time‐resolved transient absorption and spin density analysis; the triplet excited state was studied by time‐dependent DFT calculations. In comparison, the model complex (dbbpy)PtII bis(phenylacetylide) (Pt–Ph) shows weak absorption in the visible region (ϵ = 14700 M–1 cm–1 at 424 nm) and a short‐lived metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer excited state (3MLCT) (τT = 1.36 μs). Complex Pt–Rho was used as triplet sensitiser for upconversion based on triplet–triplet annihilation. An upconversion quantum yield of 11.2 % was observed. Our strategy to access the long‐lived 3IL excited state of the organic chromophore by metallation with PtII will be useful for the preparation of transition metal complexes that show intense absorption of visible light and long‐lived triplet excited states.
Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Thiophene‐Based 2‐Arylpyridines
Authors: Coluccini Carmine , Manfredi Norberto , Calderon Erika Herrera , Salamone Matteo M. , Ruffo Riccardo , Roberto Dominique , Lobello Maria Grazia , De Angelis Filippo , Abbotto Alessandro 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo families of thiophene‐based 2‐arylpyridines, in which aryl is phenyl and 2,4‐difluorophenyl, have been developed. The pyridine ring of the new compounds is substituted at the 4‐position with π‐conjugated electron‐rich and electron‐poor thiophene‐based fragments to tune the optical and energetic properties. The high‐yielding synthetic access, which consists of two sequential Suzuki coupling reactions, the first of which is completely regioselective, is of wide applicability and allows access to a large variety of derivatives. The absorption/emission and redox features, as well as the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, have been investigated; the results show that the optical and electronic properties can be tuned over a broad range. The diversity of the characteristics may be effectively exploited by using the thiophene‐substituted 2‐arylpyridines as ligands in cyclometalated sensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells and other optoelectronic applications.
Quantification of perchloroethylene residues in dry-cleaned fabrics
Authors: Sherlach Katy S , Gorka Alexander P , Dantzler Alexa , Roepe Paul D 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
We have used a novel gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based approach to quantify perchloroethylene (PCE) residues in dry-cleaned fabrics. Residual PCE was extracted from fabric samples with methanol and concentration was calculated by the gas chromatographic peak area, standardized using PCE calibration data. Extracts examined were from samples of 100% wool, polyester, cotton, or silk, which were dry cleaned from one to six times in seven different Northern Virginia dry-cleaning establishments. Additional experiments were conducted to investigate the kinetics of PCE release in the extraction solvent and to the open air. We found that polyester, cotton, and wool retained ≥ µM levels of PCE, that these levels increased in successive dry-cleaning cycles, and that PCE is slowly volatilized from these fabrics under ambient room air conditions. We found that silk does not retain appreciable PCE. Measured differences across dry-cleaning establishments and fabric type suggest more vigorous monitoring of PCE residues may be warranted. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2481–2487. © 2011 SETAC
Biodegradation of triclosan in biosolids-amended soils
Authors: Waria Manmeet , O'Connor George A , Toor Gurpal S 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Land application of biosolids can constitute an important source of triclosan (TCS) input to soils, with uncertain effects. Several studies have investigated the degradation potential of TCS in biosolids-amended soils, but the results vary widely. We conducted a laboratory degradation study by mixing biosolids spiked with [14C]-TCS (final concentration = 40 mg/kg) with Immokalee fine sand and Ashkum silty clay loam soils at an agronomic application rate (22 Mg/ha). Biosolids-amended soils were aerobically incubated in biotic and inhibited conditions for 18 weeks. Subsamples removed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 weeks were sequentially extracted with an operationally defined extraction scheme to determine labile and nonlabile TCS fractions. Over the 18-week incubation, the proportion of [14C] in the nonlabile fraction increased and the labile fraction decreased, suggesting decreasing availability to biota. Partitioning of TCS into labile and nonlabile fractions depended on soil characteristics. Less than 0.5% of [14C]-TCS was mineralized to carbon dioxide (14CO2) in both soils and all treatments. A degradation metabolite, methyl triclosan (Me-TCS), was identified in both soils only in the biotic treatment, and increased in concentration over time. Even under biotic conditions, biosolids-borne TCS is persistent, with a primary degradation (TCS to Me-TCS) half-life of 78 d in the silty clay loam and 421 d in the fine sand. A half-life of approximately 100 d would be a conservative first approximation of TCS half-life in biosolids-amended soils for risk estimation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2488–2496. © 2011 SETAC
Feasible operation region for dynamic economic dispatch and reserve monitoring
Authors: Hafiz Habibuddin M. , Yorino Naoto , Sasaki Yutaka , Zoka Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYA large amount of renewable energy penetration will cause serious problem in load dispatch in the future power system, where the percentage of controllable generators will decrease, while disturbances will become large, rapid and uncertain. The role of economic dispatch is changing in order to make best use of the ramp‐rate capability of generating units. This paper proposes a concept of feasible operation region (FOR) for dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problem. FOR is defined as the region within that the committed generating units are able to operate while matching the predicted load profile. The computation of FOR can detect possible power imbalance and also can provide accurately the spinning reserves with respect to time. Therefore, the monitoring of FOR with the reserve management on line is quite effective. Then, the paper suggests two step computation method as a new approach for DED. The first step is the computation of FOR for each generator using the most recent real‐time prediction for load as well as renewable energy generation, while preserving adequate reserves. The second step is to determine generation schedule inside FOR, where any conventional real‐time load dispatch method is useful. The method can specify the amount of reserve required to be called into operation to guarantee reliable load dispatch under restricted circumstances in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interferon regulatory factor 3 inhibits astrocyte inflammatory gene expression through suppression of the proinflammatory miR‐155 and miR‐155*
Authors: Tarassishin Leonid , Loudig Olivier , Bauman Avital , Shafit‐Zagardo Bridget , Suh Hyeon‐Sook , Lee Sunhee C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAstrocytes, together with microglia and macrophages, participate in innate inflammatory responses in the CNS. Although inflammatory mediators such as interferons generated by astrocytes may be critical in the defense of the CNS, sustained unopposed cytokine signaling could result in harmful consequences. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription factor required for IFNβ production and antiviral immunity. Most cells express low levels of IRF3 protein, and the transcriptional mechanism that upregulates IRF3 expression is not known. In this study, we explored the consequence of adenovirus‐mediated IRF3 gene transfer (Ad‐IRF3) in primary human astrocytes. We show that IRF3 transgene expression suppresses proinflammatory cytokine gene expression upon challenge with IL‐1/IFNγ and alters astrocyte activation phenotype from a proinflammatory to an anti‐inflammatory one, akin to an M1–M2 switch in macrophages. This was accompanied by the rescue of neurons from cytokine‐induced death in glial‐neuronal co‐cultures. Furthermore, Ad‐IRF3 suppressed the expression of microRNA‐155 and its star‐form partner miR‐155*, immunoregulatory miRNAs highly expressed in multiple sclerosis lesions. Astrocyte miR‐155/miR155* were induced by cytokines and TLR ligands with a distinct hierarchy and involved in proinflammatory cytokine gene induction by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, a negative regulator of cytokine signaling and potentially other factors. Our results demonstrate a novel proinflammatory role for miR‐155/miR‐155* in human astrocytes and suggest that IRF3 can suppress neuroinflammation through regulating immunomodulatory miRNA expression. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed convective flow of two immiscible viscous fluids in a vertical wavy channel with traveling thermal waves
Authors: Umavathi J.C. , Shekar M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe problem of fully developed laminar mixed convection flow in a vertical wavy channel filled with two immiscible viscous fluids is studied analytically. Non‐linear equations governing the motion have been solved by linearization technique, wherein the flow is assumed to be in two parts; a mean part and a perturbed part. Exact solutions are obtained for the mean part and a perturbed part is solved using long wave approximation. Separate solutions are matched at the interface using suitable matching conditions. Numerical results are presented graphically for the distribution of velocity and temperature fields for varying physical parameters such as Grashof number, viscosity ratio, width ratio, and conductivity ratio. The effect of these parameters on the physical characteristics such as Nusselt number and skin friction at the walls is studied. It is found that Grashof number, viscosity ratio, width ratio, and conductivity ratio enhance the velocity parallel to the flow direction. Reversal effect is observed on the velocity which is perpendicular to the flow direction. The Nusselt number remains invariant on Grashof number. As the width ratio decreases, the Nusselt number decreases at the right wall and increases at the left wall and reversal effect is observed for variations of conductivity ratio. The skin friction increases at the left wavy wall and decreases at the right wavy wall as the Grashof number increases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20379