bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the insulin‐like growth factor‐1 signaling pathway in localized Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Borinstein Scott C. , Barkauskas Donald A. , Krailo Mark , Scher Daniel , Scher Lauren , Schlottmann Silke , Kallakury Bhaskar , Dickman Paul S. , Pawel Bruce R. , West Daniel C. , Womer Richard B. , Toretsky Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathology of Ewing sarcoma (ES). Retrospective studies have suggested that levels of IGF‐1 and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3) are correlated with the outcome of patients with ES.METHODS:The IGF‐1 signaling pathway was investigated prospectively in 269 patients who had localized, previously untreated ES. Serum samples were obtained at diagnosis, and concentrations of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to assay for phosphorylated p70S6 kinase, protein kinase B (Akt), and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and to determine the presence of protein tyrosine phosphatase‐L1 (PTPL1). IHC findings along with IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 concentrations were correlated with age, tumor location, sex, event‐free survival, and overall survival.RESULTS:Patients aged >18 years tended to have higher levels of IGF‐1 (P = .10), lower levels of IGFBP‐3 (P = .16), and decreased IGFBP‐3:IGF‐1 ratios (P = .01). No correlations were observed between sex, tumor location, or outcomes and concentrations of IGF‐1 or IGFBP‐3. Phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase, Akt, and FOXO1 was detected in the majority of patient tissues but was not associated with age, sex, or tumor location. PTPL1 was present in >80% of tumors and also was not correlated with age, sex, or tumor location. There was no difference in survival with respect to the presence of phosphorylated p70S6 kinase, phosphorylated FOXO1, phosphorylated Akt, or PTPL1.CONCLUSIONS:The baseline IGFBP‐3:IGF‐1 ratio was correlated with age but did not affect the outcomes of patients with ES. The authors concluded that additional investigation of the IGF‐1 pathway is warranted in patients with ES, and especially in those who have received treatment with IGF‐1 receptor antibody inhibitors. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Towards Mixed Fuels: The Electrochemistry of Hydrazine in the Presence of Methanol and Formic Acid
Authors: Aldous Leigh , Compton Richard G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe electrochemistry of formic acid, carbon monoxide and methanol have been investigated and evaluated in combination with hydrazine. Hydrazine was observed to display the anticipated steady‐state oxidation waves at platinum (Pt) microelectrodes by cyclic voltammetry, and upon introduction of carbon monoxide (CO) gas, the Pt surface was fully passivated (prior to CO oxidation). However, the two individual responses of hydrazine and formic acid (HCOOH) are to be additive when combined in solution. No detrimental effects were observed upon the hydrazine voltammetry, even in the presence of excess formic acid, despite formic acid clearly displaying characteristic self‐poisoning tendencies (primarily due to the formation of CO) in its own voltammetry. Effects intermediate to those of CO and formic acid were observed when methanol was present. Currents were essentially additive at low methanol content, but hydrazine oxidation current decreased by about 40 % when an 100‐fold excess of methanol was present, corresponding to poisoning by methanol dehydrogenation intermediates. These results are discussed with relevance to mixed fuels for more flexible or powerful fuel cells, and the possible formation of a random microelectrode array (templated by strongly adsorbed poison) on the microelectrode surface.
Synergistic interaction of diclofenac, benfotiamine, and resveratrol in experimental acute pain
Authors: Montiel‐Ruiz Rosa Mariana , Granados‐Soto Vinicio , García‐Jiménez Sara , Reyes‐García Gerardo , Flores‐Murrieta Francisco J. , Déciga‐Campos Myrna 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the possible synergistic antinociceptive interactions between diclofenac, benfotiamine, and resveratrol on acetic acid‐induced nociception in mice. Isobolographic analyses were used to define the nature of the interactions between drugs. Diclofenac, benfotiamine, or resveratrol, as well as their combinations, produced a dose‐dependent antinociceptive effect. ED30 values were estimated for the individual drugs and isobolograms were constructed. Theoretical ED30 values for the combinations estimated from the isobolograms were 170.9±23.4, 4.9±1.0, and 173.3±11.8 mg/kg for the diclofenac+benfotiamine, diclofenac+resveratrol, or benfotiamine+resveratrol combination, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the actually observed ED30 values, which were 10.2±1.9, 0.3±0.1, and 5.3±0.8 mg/kg, respectively, indicating a synergistic interaction in the three combinations. Data indicate that low doses of the diclofenac+benfotiamine, diclofenac+resveratrol, or benfotiamine+resveratrol combination can interact synergistically to reverse acetic acid‐induced nociception and they may represent a therapeutic advantage for clinical treatment of inflammatory pain. Drug Dev Res 72: 397–404, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Metallocorrole with Orthogonal Pyrrole Rings (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 12/2011)
Authors: Thomas Kolle E. , Conradie Jeanet , Hansen Lars K. , Ghosh Abhik 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows a variety of nonplanar aromatics, including corannulene, fullerenes, helicenes and nonplanar porphyrins against a background of the midnight sun near Tromsø, Norway. The molecule at the center is a new member of this intriguing family of compounds – an exceedingly strongly saddled, chiral copper corrole. These have been synthesized by Prof. A. Ghosh and co‐workers at the University of Tromsø; details are discussed in the Short Communication on p. 1865 ff.
A comparison of the effects of PCR inhibition in quantitative PCR and forensic STR analysis
Authors: Funes‐Huacca Maribel E. , Opel Kerry , Thompson Robyn , McCord Bruce R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper we compare the effects of three representative PCR inhibitors using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and multiplex STR amplification in order to determine the effect of inhibitor concentration on allele dropout and to develop better ways to interpret forensic DNA data. We have used humic acid, collagen and calcium phosphate at different concentrations to evaluate the profiles of alleles inhibited in these amplifications. These data were correlated with previously obtained results from quantitative PCR including melt curve effects, efficiency changes and cycle threshold (Ct) values. Overall, the data show that there are two competing processes that result from PCR inhibition. The first process is a general loss of larger alleles. This appears to occur with all inhibitors. The second process is more sequence specific and occurs when the inhibitor binds DNA, altering the cycle threshold and the melt curve. This sequence‐specific inhibition results in patterns of allele loss that occur in addition to the overall loss of larger alleles. The data demonstrate the applicability of utilizing real‐time PCR results to predict the presence of certain types of PCR inhibition in STR analysis.
Role of brittle fracture in swelling behaviour: evidence from tunnelling case histories / Sprödbruch in wenig festem Fels als Auslöser von Quellvorgängen: Erkenntnisse aus Fallstudien
Authors: Steiner Walter , Kaiser Peter K. , Spaun Georg 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe evaluation of several case histories of tunnels in swelling rock with sulfate bearing minerals shows that brittle fracture plays an important role in the development of swelling processes. Brittle failure by spalling has been directly observed in several tunnels, as early as the 19th century and more recently. Numerical analyses applied to different case histories with observed heave and development of strong swelling pressure, considering different construction processes; agree with the observed swelling zones. The effect of construction procedures on swelling in particular the development of pressures and swelling zones becomes evident from these analyses. For a better understanding of swelling processes brittle failure processes have to be considered in the analyses.Die Auswertungen von Beobachtungen aus ausgeführten Tunneln im Sulfat führenden Gebirge zeigen, dass Sprödbruchvorgänge eine entscheidende Rolle spielen im Aufbau von Quelldrücken und Quellhebungen. Einerseits wurden in verschiedenen Tunneln, teilweise im 19. Jahrhundert, Sprödbruchvorgänge direkt beobachtet, wenn Abschalungen auftraten. Andererseits konnte mit numerischen Analysen gezeigt werden, dass je nach Bauvorgang unterschiedlich große, zerbrochene Zonen auftreten, die mit beobachteten Quellzonen und Hebungen an ausgeführten Bauwerken gut übereinstimmen. Die Auswirkung unterschiedlicher Bauvorgänge auf Größe der Quelldrücke und der quellenden Bereiche kann zumindest qualitativ nachgewiesen werden. Bei Tunnelbauten in quellendem Gebirge ist die Ausbildung von Sprödbrüchen zu berücksichtigen.
An EMD and PCA hybrid approach for separating noise from signal, and signal in climate change detection
Authors: Lee Taesam , Ouarda T. B. M. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOne of the important issues in climate change detection is the selection of climate models for the background noise. The background noise is generally chosen in a somewhat subjective manner. In the current study, we propose an approach of detecting climate change signal in order to mitigate the effects of background noise and to improve climate change detection ability. At first, the high‐frequency components of three climate datasets (climate signal, observation, background noise) induced from the random noise process are extracted from empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis. Then, statistical detection techniques are applied to the datasets from which the high‐frequency random components are excluded. The proposed approach is tested with synthetically generated data and with a real‐world case study represented by global surface temperature anomaly (GSTA) data. The case study reveals that each component of the observed GSTA data from EMD contains the information related to external and internal forcings such as solar activity and oceanic circulation. Among these components, the statistically significant low‐frequency components are employed in climate change detection. Compared to one of the existing approaches, some improvements in the slope coefficient estimates and the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) are observed in the synthetic application of the proposed model. The application to the GSTA data shows higher SNR in the proposed approach than in the existing approach. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Four‐dimensional structures and physical process of the decadal abrupt changes of the northern extratropical ocean–atmosphere system in the 1980s
Authors: Xiao Dong , Li Jianping , Zhao Ping 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe four‐dimensional structures and possible physical process of the decadal abrupt changes (DACs) of the northern extratropical ocean–atmosphere system in 1983–1988 are investigated by using ERSST.v2 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The DACs of sea surface temperature (SST) appeared over the southern tropical Atlantic, middle Pacific, and northern midlatitude oceans in 1983–1988. The atmospheric DACs in 1983–1988 were characterized with lower and higher geopotential height and air temperature anomalies over the Arctic and northern midlatitude, respectively. The above atmospheric distributions are attributed by the mass removal between the Arctic and middle latitudes. The decadal anomalies of the Ferrel cells and meridional atmospheric mass exchanges between the northern midlatitude and Arctic were suggestive of the DAC of the Northern Hemisphere annular mode (NAM).Basing on the disclosed facts above, the possible physical process of the DACs in the 1980s is proposed as follows. The DACs of the northern midlatitude SST heated the lower tropospheric atmosphere and it made the meridional gradient of air temperature anomalies increase between the middle and high latitudes. Decadal anomalous Ferrel cell was triggered, which presented a meridional vertical current over the northern extratropics. The results of the meridional mass exchanges induced the lower geopotential height and air temperature over the Arctic, and higher ones over the northern midlatitude. In conclusion, the warming of the northern midlatitude SST may be responsible for the northern extratropical atmospheric DACs and associated climate change events in the 1980s. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Understanding the effect of climatology on monthly rainfall amounts in Australia using Tweedie GLMs
Authors: Hasan Md. Masud , Dunn Peter K 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRainfall models are used to understand the effect of various climatological variables on rainfall amounts. The models also have potential uses in predicting and simulating rainfall. We use Tweedie generalized linear models to model monthly rainfall amounts and occurrence simultaneously with a set of predictors (sine term, cosine term, NINO 3.4, SOI and SOI phase). Models are fitted to the monthly rainfall data of 220 Australian stations with 4 stations as case studies. First, models with only sine and cosine terms (the base model) are fitted to model the cyclic pattern of rainfall data, and then one of the climatological variables is added each time in addition to the base model. On the basis of the BIC, the model with NINO 3.4 is preferred for most of the studied stations. Stations for which the model using the SOI is preferred appear in small clusters. Adding the climatological variables to the base model improves the fit of the model and makes substantial changes in the predicted mean monthly rainfall amount and probability of getting a dry month. The climatological variables have significant impacts on the amount of rainfall in most stations located on the eastern and northeastern regions of Australia. The models used lags one of the climatological covariates (i.e. value of the covariates of previous month with rainfall amount of a month) and are useful for one month lead rainfall prediction. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Molecular mechanisms of metastasis
Authors: Hoon Dave S.B. , Ferris Robert , Tanaka Ryo , Chong Kelly K. , Alix‐Panabières Catherine , Pantel Klaus 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe mechanism of metastasis is a complex set of events that build upon each other to achieve successful growth in organ sites beyond the primary tumor. The cumulative events for metastasis of different cancers have both common and specific cancer specific events. This review discusses several key factors in different cancers that are responsible in metastasis, which includes epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor genes, functional activity of tumor‐related chemokine receptors, and circulating tumor cells. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:508–517. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting the growth factors and angiogenesis pathways: Small molecules in solid tumors
Authors: Berz David , Wanebo Harold 
Published: April 2011

AbstractResearch over the last decades has provided us with a better understanding of the biology of solid tumors. In some solid tumor malignancies single molecular events leading to malignant transformation have been identified, whilst in others multiple pathways seem to play a role simultaneously. The delineation of such pathways has led to the identification of therapeutic targets. Multiple compounds are available now to treat those molecular aberrations. With the wider use of newer biologic therapies, the understanding of biologic characteristics predicting a clinical response has broadened. This review focuses on the clinical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors as well as hepatocellular, non small cell lung, renal cell and breast cancer with small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, integrating some of the clinical advances with monoclonal antibody therapies in solid tumor malignancies. It highlights recent advances in relevant biomarkers to predict efficacy of biologic therapies and elaborates on their relevance in the clinical management of patients with solid tumor malignancies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:574–586. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of stem and circulating cells in cancer metastasis
Authors: Ghadially Ruby 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWhile many solid tumors have been reported to contain stem cell‐like cells termed cancer stem cells, the case for a melanoma stem cell has been debated over the last few years. Herein, we summarize current knowledge of melanoma‐initiating cells and provide an update on recently gained knowledge regarding cancer stem cells and melanoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:555–557. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hybrid Nanoparticle Design Based on Cationized Gelatin and the Polyanions Dextran Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate for Ocular Gene Therapy
Authors: Zorzi Giovanni Konat , Párraga Jenny Evelin , Seijo Begoña , Sánchez Alejandro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe describe the development of hybrid nanoparticles composed of cationized gelatin and the polyanions CS and DS for gene therapy in the ocular surface. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles that impact their bioperformance, such as average size and zeta potential, can be conveniently modulated by changing the ratio of polymers and the crosslinker. These systems associate plasmid DNA and are able to protect it from DNase I degradation. We corroborate that the introduction of CS or DS in the formulation decreases the in vitro toxicity of the nanoparticles to human corneal cells without compromising the transfection efficiency. These nanoparticles are potential candidates for the development of safer and more effective nanomedicines for ocular therapy. magnified image
Effect of different sequential and two‐step culture systems on the development, quality, and RNA expression profile of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro
Authors: Felmer R.N. , Arias M.E. , Muñoz G.A. , Rio J.H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the effect of two‐step and sequential culture systems on the development, quality, and gene expression profile of bovine embryos generated by in vitro fertilization. Presumptive zygotes were randomly allocated to four culture treatments: (1) KSOM + 0.4% BSA for 3 days, and then KSOM + 5% FBS to day 7 (K‐K/FBS); (2) KSOM + 0.1% BSA for 3 days, and then SOF + 5% FBS to day 7 (K‐S/FBS); (3) KSOM + 0.1% BSA for 3 days, and then SOF + 0.8% BSA to day 7 (K‐S/BSA); and (4) KSOM + 0.4% BSA for 3 days, and then KSOM + 0.8% BSA to day 7 (K‐K/BSA). Culture medium had no effect on cleavage rate. However, a significant difference (P < 0.01) was observed with the two‐step culture systems, yielding higher rate of blastocysts (37 and 32% for K‐K/FBS and K‐K/BSA, respectively) compared to sequential culture systems (26 and 28% for K‐S/FBS and K‐S/BSA, respectively). Embryos cultured in sequential K‐S/FBS developed slowly, had a lower hatching rate, fewer cells, and a higher apoptosis rate compared to other treatments. Gene expression analysis showed alterations of DNMT1, OCT‐4, and SOD2 in embryos cultured in sequential K‐S/FBS and SOD1 in embryos cultured in two‐step K‐K/BSA. In conclusion, in vitro culture systems may have an impact not just in the developmental potential and quality of the generated embryos but also in the gene expression profile, which suggests that changes in the culture medium composition can modulate global gene expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:403–414, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression profiles of gonadotropins and their receptors during 17α‐methyltestosterone implantation‐induced sex change in the orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Authors: Hu Xuesong , Liu Xiaochun , Zhang Haifa , Zhang Yong , Li Shuisheng , Sang Qing , Wang Qian , Luo Wenna , Liu Qizhi , Lu Danqi , Meng Zining , Lin Haoran 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt is known that the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis participates in the sex change of hermaphrodite teleosts, and gonadal steroid hormones mediate this physiological process. The secretion of gonadal steroids is directly regulated by signaling pathways involving gonadotropins (GtHs) and gonadotropin receptors (GtHRs) in teleosts. To gain insight into the involvement of GtH/GtHR systems in the sex change process, cDNAs encoding follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) were firstly isolated from gonads of orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), a protogynous hermaphrodite fish. Reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) analysis demonstrated that the expression of the FSHR was confined to the brain, pituitary gland, ovary, and testis, while the LHR was expressed only in the brain, ovary, and testis. Furthermore, the expression profiles of GtH subunits (FSHβ and LHβ) and their receptors were analyzed in parallel with the serum levels of estradiol‐17β (E2), testosterone (T), and 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT) during 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT)‐induced sex change. Quantitative real‐time PCR determined that the abundances of FSHβ and FSHR were significantly inhibited after MT treatment for 2 and 4 weeks, but subsequently returned to the control level after 6 weeks. In contrast, the mRNA levels of LHβ and LHR were significantly elevated throughout the sex change process. During MT‐induced sex change, serum concentrations of E2 remained constant while T and 11‐KT levels were significantly increased. Taken together, our results suggest that GtH/GtHR systems are involved in MT‐induced sex change, and two signaling pathways may have distinct roles in modulating the variations of the corresponding steroid hormones in the orange‐spotted grouper. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:376–390, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone mineral density is normal in children with Fanconi anemia
Authors: Rose Susan R. , Rutter Meilan M. , Mueller Robin , Harris Michelle , Hamon Beth , Bulluck Arin Fletcher , Smith Franklin O. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundConflicting data exist regarding whether low bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with Fanconi anemia (FA). The current study identified the frequency of low BMD in FA, expecting low BMD even in childhood and before HCT.ProcedureThirty‐seven FA patients (18 prior HCT, 19 no prior HCT), participating in an IRB‐approved database, had clinical assessment of DXA of lumbar spine BMD. Four had used androgens, one later underwent HCT. Most had used glucocorticoids after HCT (prolonged in five), and one more with no HCT. BMD [in standard deviation units from mean for age (SD), gender, and ethnicity (BMD Z‐score)] was then adjusted for height age, and separately for bone maturation (BA). Data were collected for height SD, pubertal stage, and duration since HCT.ResultsBMD Z‐score (without adjustment) was <−1 SD in half of FA children. BA‐adjusted BMD Z‐score was similar. (BA was not usually delayed, although most patients were short.) In contrast, height age‐adjusted BMD Z‐score was normal in most with FA (only below −2.0 in one child after prolonged glucocorticoids). Mean duration after HCT until DXA test was 6.2 years (median 4.2 years, range 1–18 years).ConclusionsChildren and adolescents with FA have normal BMD prior to and after HCT, when DXA results are adjusted for bone size/height age. In contrast, BA‐adjustment of BMD was not useful in this population. Individual BMD results may be influenced by gonadal function, transplantation status, and prolonged glucocorticoid therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1034–1038. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.