bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the concordance of health and child protection data for ‘maltreated’ and ‘unintentionally injured’ children
Authors: McKenzie Kirsten , Scott Debbie , Fraser Jennifer A , Dunne Michael P 
Published: June 2011

ObjectivesTo quantify the concordance of hospital child maltreatment data with child protection service (CPS) records, and identify factors associated with linkage.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted following retrospective medical record review and database linkage of 884 child records from 20 hospitals and the CPS in Queensland, Australia.ResultsNearly all children with hospital assigned maltreatment codes (93.1%) had a CPS record. Of these, 85.1% had a recent notification. 29% of the linked maltreatment group (n=113) were not known to the CPS prior to the hospital presentation. Almost one third of children with unintentional injury hospital codes were known to the CPS. Just over 24% of the linked unintentional injury group (n=34) were not known to the CPS prior to the hospital presentation but became known during or after discharge from hospital. These estimates are higher than the 2006/2007 annual rate of 2.39% of children being notified to the CPS. Rural children were more likely to link to the CPS, and children were over three times more likely to link if the index injury documentation included additional diagnoses or factors affecting their health.ConclusionsThe system for referring maltreatment cases to the CPS is generally efficient, although up to 1 in 15 children had codes for maltreatment but could not be linked to CPS data. The high proportion of children with unintentional injury codes who linked to CPS suggests that clinicians and hospital-based child protection staff should be supported by further education and training to ensure children at risk are being detected by the child protection system.
SEMANTIC DESCRIPTION OF WEB 3D WORLDS THROUGH SOCIAL TAGGING
Authors: PITTARELLO FABIO 
Published: June 2011

Free-tagging is one of the leading mechanisms characterizing the so-called web 2.0, enabling users to define collaboratively the meaning of web data for improving their findability. Tagging is applied in several forms to hypermedia data, that represent the largest part of the information on the web. In spite of that, there is a growing part of web data made of 3D vectors representing real objects such as trees, houses and people that lacks any semantic definition. Such situation prevents any advanced use of the data contained inside these 3D worlds, including seeking, filtering and manipulation of the objects represented by vectors. This work proposes a bottom-up approach for adding semantics to such data, based on the collaborative effort of users navigating the web. This paper, after describing the similarities and the differences that characterize tagging for hypermedia and interactive 3D worlds, discusses the design choices that have guided the definition of a specification for associating tags to 3D objects. The proposed specification is based on X3D — the ISO standard for describing 3D interactive worlds for the net — and permits to tag a large part of the existing 3D worlds compliant with this standard. A client-software web architecture for tagging and navigating 3D worlds compliant with the specification presented is illustrated. Finally, a web-based user interface for tagging and browsing the result of the cooperative activity of users is presented and applied to a complex 3D world related to the cultural heritage domain.
RISK ASSESSMENT IN MULTI-DISCIPLINARY (SOFTWARE+) ENGINEERING PROJECTS
Authors: BIFFL STEFAN , MOSER THOMAS , WINKLER DIETMAR 
Published: June 2011

Software systems in safety-critical industrial automation systems, such as power plants and steel mills, become increasingly large, complex, and distributed. For assessing risks, like low product quality and project cost and duration overruns, to trustworthy services provided by software as part of automation systems there are established risk analysis approaches based on data collection from project participants and data models. However, in multi-disciplinary engineering projects there are often semantic gaps between the software tools and data models of the participating engineering disciplines, e.g., mechanic, electrical, and software engineering. In this paper we discuss current limitations to risk assessment in (software+) engineering projects and introduce the SEMRISK approach for risk assessment in projects with semantically heterogeneous software tools and data models. The SEMRISK approach provides the knowledge engineering foundation to allow an end-to-end view for service-relevant data elements such as signals, by providing a project domain ontology and mappings to the tool data models of the involved engineering disciplines. We empirically evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach based on a real-world industrial use case from the safety-critical power plant domain. Major results are that the approach was effective and considerably more efficient than the current approach at the industry partner.
Overcoming Hypoxia-Induced Apoptotic Resistance through Combinatorial Inhibition of GSK-3β and CDK1
Authors: Mayes Patrick A. , Dolloff Nathan G. , Daniel Colin J. , Liu J. Judy , Hart Lori S. , Kuribayashi Kageaki , Allen Joshua E. , Jee David I.H. , Dorsey Jay F. , Liu Yingqiu Y. , Dicker David T. , Brown J. Martin , Furth Emma E. , Klein Peter S. , Sears Rosalie C. , El-Deiry Wafik S. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is an inherent impediment to cancer treatment that is both clinically significant and problematic. In this study, we conducted a cell-based screen to identify small molecules that could reverse the apoptotic resistance of hypoxic cancer cells. Among the compounds, we identified were a structurally related group that sensitized hypoxic cancer cells to apoptosis by inhibiting the kinases GSK-3β and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1. Combinatorial inhibition of these proteins in hypoxic cancer cells and tumors increased levels of c-Myc and decreased expression of c-IAP2 and the central hypoxia response regulator hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α. In mice, these compounds augmented the hypoxic tumor cell death induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, blocking angiogenesis and tumor growth. Taken together, our findings suggest that combinatorial inhibition of GSK-3β and CDK1 augment the apoptotic sensitivity of hypoxic tumors, and they offer preclinical validation of a novel and readily translatable strategy to improve cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5265–75. ©2011 AACR.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Premenopausal Sex Hormone Levels: Results of the WISER Study, a Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy, Sedentary, Eumenorrheic Women
Authors: Smith Alma J. , Phipps William R. , Arikawa Andrea Y. , O'Dougherty Maureen , Kaufman Beth , Thomas William , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Kurzer Mindy S. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Background: It is hypothesized that exercise can lead to a decrease in breast cancer risk through several hormonal and nonhormonal mechanisms. The WISER (Women In Steady Exercise Research) study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise on premenopausal sex hormone levels.
Methods: Three hundred ninety-one sedentary, healthy, young eumenorrheic women were randomized either into an exercise intervention of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise 5 times a week for approximately 16 weeks (n = 212) or into a control group (n = 179). Serum levels of estradiol, estrone sulfate, testosterone, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), all in the midfollicular phase, and of progesterone, in the midluteal phase, were measured at baseline and at the end of the 16-week period.
Results: Compared with the controls (n = 153), exercisers (n = 166) experienced significant increases in aerobic fitness, lean body mass, and decreases in percent body fat. There were no significant changes in body weight and menstrual cycle length between or within groups. Progesterone decreased significantly in exercisers; however, this reduction was similar to that of the control group. No significant changes between or within groups were found for any of the other sex hormones or SHBG.
Conclusions: In premenopausal women, 16 weeks of 150 minutes per week of moderate aerobic exercise in young women did not significantly alter sex hormone or SHBG levels.
Impact: Any favorable effects that moderate aerobic exercise without an associated weight change may have on breast cancer risk in premenopausal women are unlikely to be a consequence of changes in levels of sex hormones or SHBG. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(6); 1098–106. ©2011 AACR.
Inherited Variants in Mitochondrial Biogenesis Genes May Influence Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk
Authors: Permuth-Wey Jennifer , Chen Y. Ann , Tsai Ya-Yu , Chen Zhihua , Qu Xiaotao , Lancaster Johnathan M. , Stockwell Heather , Dagne Getachew , Iversen Edwin , Risch Harvey , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill , Cunningham Julie M. , Vierkant Robert A. , Fridley Brooke L. , Sutphen Rebecca , McLaughlin John , Narod Steven A. , Goode Ellen L. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Fenstermacher David , Phelan Catherine M. , Sellers Thomas A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Background: Mitochondria contribute to oxidative stress, a phenomenon implicated in ovarian carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that inherited variants in mitochondrial-related genes influence epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) susceptibility.
Methods: Through a multicenter study of 1,815 Caucasian EOC cases and 1,900 controls, we investigated associations between EOC risk and 128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 22 genes/regions within the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and 2,839 nuclear-encoded SNPs localized to 138 genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (BIO, n = 35), steroid hormone metabolism (HOR, n = 13), and oxidative phosphorylation (OXP, n = 90) pathways. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95% CI between genotype and case status. Overall significance of each gene and pathway was evaluated by using Fisher's method to combine SNP-level evidence. At the SNP level, we investigated whether lifetime ovulation, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and cigarette smoking were confounders or modifiers of associations.
Results: Interindividual variation involving BIO was most strongly associated with EOC risk (empirical P = 0.050), especially for NRF1, MTERF, PPARGC1A, ESRRA, and CAMK2D. Several SNP-level associations strengthened after adjustment for nongenetic factors, particularly for MTERF. Statistical interactions with cigarette smoking and HRT use were observed with MTERF and CAMK2D SNPs, respectively. Overall variation within mtDNA, HOR, and OXP was not statistically significant (empirical P &gt; 0.10).
Conclusion: We provide novel evidence to suggest that variants in mitochondrial biogenesis genes may influence EOC susceptibility.
Impact: A deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress may aid in developing strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality from EOC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(6); 1131–45. ©2011 AACR.
Relationship between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Status, p16INK4A, and Outcome in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Young Richard J. , Rischin Danny , Fisher Richard , McArthur Grant A. , Fox Stephen B. , Peters Lester J. , Corry June , Lim Annette , Waldeck Kelly , Solomon Benjamin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is a powerful prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene copy number and protein expression have been reported to be negative predictors of outcome. This study examined the relationship between HPV status, EGFR gene copy number, EGFR protein expression, and clinical outcome in HNSCC patients treated with chemoradiation.Methods: HPV status was determined using p16INK4A immunohistochemistry (IHC), EGFR gene copy number was evaluated with FISH, and EGFR protein expression by IHC in 212 subjects.Results: EGFR FISH was positive in 41 of 204 (20%) patients and was negatively correlated with failure-free survival (FFS; HR = 1.84, P = 0.027) and overall survival (OS; HR = 1.78, P = 0.082). For p16INK4A, 85 of 200 (42.5%) patients were found to be p16 positive, including 75 of 131 (57%) with oropharyngeal cancer. Patients with p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer had significantly improved FFS (HR = 0.28, P &lt; 0.001) and OS (HR = 0.31, P = 0.002). Only 2 of 126 (1.6%) oropharyngeal cancer patients were found to be p16+/EGFR FISH+. EGFR IHC was positive in 81 of 93 (87%) of patients and was associated with poorer FFS (HR = 1.98, P = 0.35) and OS (HR = 2.52, P = 0.22).Conclusions: Increased EGFR gene copy number is largely restricted to p16INK4A-negative oropharyngeal cancer. Although p16INK4A and EGFR FISH are both predictive of outcome in univariate analyses, only p16INK4A remains independently predictive.Impact: Knowledge of HPV and EGFR status can have implications for treatment options and prognosis in HNSCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(6); 1230–7. ©2011 AACR.
The Association of Telomere Length and Cancer: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Wentzensen Ingrid M. , Mirabello Lisa , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Savage Sharon A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Background: Telomeres shorten with each cell division and are essential for chromosomal stability. Short telomeres in surrogate tissues (e.g., blood cells) are associated with increased cancer risk in several case–control studies, but findings are inconsistent in prospective studies.
Methods: We systematically reviewed studies published prior to August 30, 2010, on the association between telomere length (TL) in surrogate tissues and cancer. There were 27 reports on 13 cancers and/or incident cancer investigating this association. The majority, 16, were retrospective case–control studies, 11 were prospective studies. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine ORs and 95% CIs for these studies.
Results: Studies on bladder, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, ovarian, renal, and overall incident cancer found associations between short telomeres and these cancers. Non–Hodgkin lymphoma, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer reports were inconsistent. Single studies on endometrial, prostate, and skin cancers were null. In a random-effects meta-analysis, short TL was significantly associated with cancer in retrospective studies (pooled OR for the shortest TL quartile compared with the longest: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.75–4.8, P &lt; 0.0001). The pooled OR for prospective studies was 1.16 (95% CI: 0.87–1.54, P = 0.32). All studies combined yielded a pooled OR of 1.96 (95% CI: 1.37–2.81, P = 0.0001) for the association of short TL and cancer.
Conclusion and Impact: There is suggestive evidence that short surrogate tissue TL is associated with cancer; the strongest evidence exists for bladder, esophageal, gastric, and renal cancers. Additional prospective studies with consistent methodology are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(6); 1238–50. ©2011 AACR.
TGF-β Signaling Pathway and Breast Cancer Susceptibility
Authors: Scollen Serena , Luccarini Craig , Baynes Caroline , Driver Kristy , Humphreys Manjeet K. , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Figueroa Jonine , Lissowska Jolanta , Pharoah Paul D. , Easton Douglas F. , Hesketh Robin , Metcalfe James C. , Dunning Alison M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Background: TGF-β acts as a suppressor of primary tumor initiation but has been implicated as a promoter of the later malignant stages. Here associations with risk of invasive breast cancer are assessed for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) tagging 17 genes in the canonical TGF-β ALK5/SMADs 2&3 and ALK1/SMADs 1&5 signaling pathways: LTBP1, LTBP2, LTBP4, TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1(ALK5), ALK1, TGFBR2, Endoglin, SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, SMAD5, SMAD6, and SMAD7 [Approved Human Gene Nomenclature Committee gene names: ACVRL1 (for ALK1) and ENG (for Endoglin)].
Methods: Three-hundred-fifty-four tag SNPs (minor allele frequency &gt; 0.05) were selected for genotyping in a staged study design using 6,703 cases and 6,840 controls from the Studies of Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Cancer Heredity (SEARCH) study. Significant associations were meta-analyzed with data from the NCI Polish Breast Cancer Study (PBCS; 1,966 cases and 2,347 controls) and published data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC).
Results: Associations of three SNPs, tagging TGFB1 (rs1982073), TGFBR1 (rs10512263), and TGFBR2 (rs4522809), were detected in SEARCH; however, associations became weaker in meta-analyses including data from PBCS and BCAC. Tumor subtype analyses indicated that the TGFB1 rs1982073 association may be confined to increased risk of developing progesterone receptor negative (PR−) tumors [1.18 (95% CI: 1.09–1.28), 4.1 × 10−5 (P value for heterogeneity of ORs by PR status = 2.3 × 10−4)]. There was no evidence for breast cancer risk associations with SNPs in the endothelial-specific pathway utilizing ALK1/SMADs 1&5 that promotes angiogenesis.
Conclusion: Common variation in the TGF-β ALK5/SMADs 2&3 signaling pathway, which initiates signaling at the cell surface to inhibit cell proliferation, might be related to risk of specific tumor subtypes.
Impact: The subtype specific associations require very large studies to be confirmed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(6); 1112–9. ©2011 AACR.
Genetic and Viral Etiology of Glioblastoma—a Unifying Hypothesis
Authors: Pandey Janardan P. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Growing body of evidence implicates human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the etiology of glioblastoma (GBM). Although HCMV is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, only a minority of those infected develop GBM, suggesting the involvement of host genetic factors in susceptibility to HCMV-induced/spurred GBM. HCMV has evolved a large repertoire of strategies for decreasing the efficacy of the host immune response and interfering with viral clearance. One strategy involves the generation of proteins that have functional properties of the Fcgamma receptor (FcγR), which may enable the virus to evade host immunosurveillance by avoiding the effector consequences of antibody binding, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Results of binding studies involving HCMV-encoded FcγR and genetically different immunoglobulin G proteins suggest that GM genes—genetic determinants of immunoglobulin γ chains—could modulate this viral strategy and thus serve as functional risk factors for the development of GBM, potentially unifying its seemingly disparate infectious, immune, and genetic etiologies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(6); 1061–3. ©2011 AACR.
Optical Coherence Tomographic Analysis of In-Stent Neoatherosclerosis After Drug–Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Kang Soo-Jin , Mintz Gary S. , Akasaka Takashi , Park Duk-Woo , Lee Jong-Young , Kim Won-Jang , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Whan Lee Cheol , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung 
Published: June 2011

Background—
We report findings from optical coherence tomography (OCT) of in-stent neoatherosclerosis as a cause of drug-eluting stent (DES) failure.

Methods and Results—

Optical coherence tomography and grayscale and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound were performed in 50 patients (30 stable, 20 unstable angina) with 50 DES in-stent restenosis lesions and intimal hyperplasia >50% of stent area. Median follow-up time was 32.2 months. Overall, 26 lesions (52%) had at least 1 OCT-defined in-stent thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA)–containing neointima and 29 (58%) had at least 1 in-stent neointimal rupture. Patients presenting with unstable angina showed a thinner fibrous cap (55 μm [interquartile range 42 to 105 μm] versus 100 μm [interquartile range 60 to 205 μm],
P
=0.006) and higher incidence of OCT-defined TCFA-containing neointima (75% versus 37%,
P
=0.008), intimal rupture (75% versus 47%,
P
=0.044), thrombi (80% versus 43%,
P
=0.010), and red thrombi (30% versus 3%,
P
=0.012) than stable patients. Fibrous cap thickness negatively correlated with follow-up time (
r
=−0.318,
P
=0.024). Compared with DES <20 months after implantation (the best cut-off to predict TCFA-containing neointima), DES ≥20 months after implantation had a higher incidence of TCFA-containing neointima (69% versus 33%,
P
=0.012) and red thrombi (27% versus 0%,
P
=0.007). Patients with unstable (versus stable) angina had an increasing number of unstable OCT findings including TCFA-containing neointima, neointima rupture, and thrombus (
P
=0.027). The rate of agreement between grayscale intravascular ultrasound and OCT for detecting intimal rupture was 50% and for detecting thrombus was 44%. The agreement between virtual histology intravascular ultrasound and OCT for identifying TCFA-containing neointima was 78%.

Conclusions—
In-stent neoatherosclerosis may be an important mechanism of DES failure, especially late after implantation.
High-Resolution Simulations of Wintertime Precipitation in the Colorado Headwaters Region: Sensitivity to Physics Parameterizations
Authors: Liu Changhai , Ikeda Kyoko , Thompson Gregory , Rasmussen Roy , Dudhia Jimy 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
An investigation was conducted on the effects of various physics parameterizations on wintertime precipitation predictions using a high-resolution regional climate model. The objective was to evaluate the sensitivity of cold-season mountainous snowfall to cloud microphysics schemes, planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, land surface schemes, and radiative transfer schemes at a 4-km grid spacing applicable to the next generation of regional climate models.
The results indicated that orographically enhanced precipitation was highly sensitive to cloud microphysics parameterizations. Of the tested 7 parameterizations, 2 schemes clearly outperformed the others that overpredicted the snowfall amount by as much as ~30%–60% on the basis of snow telemetry observations. Significant differences among these schemes were apparent in domain averages, spatial distributions of hydrometeors, latent heating profiles, and cloud fields. In comparison, model results showed relatively weak dependency on the land surface, PBL, and radiation schemes, roughly in the order of decreasing level of sensitivity.