bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New study on methane increase
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A recent study that examined the annual globally averaged increase in atmospheric methane reveals a 0.78% increase, somewhat less than the 1–2% annual increase reported by other investigators in earlier studies. According to a report in the June issue of the Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, it is too soon to say if the difference between the measurements is significant.Although earlier studies were based on longer periods of measurements, they covered a smaller geographic area. In the new study, methane concentrations were measured in air samples that were collected weekly at 23 sites around the globe during a 2‐year period that began in May 1983. These sites constitute the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change sampling network.
International Scientific Cooperation: Past and future
Authors: Roederer Juan G. 
Published: October 2011

On April 6–9, 1987, a special symposium was held in Brussels in honor of Marcel Nicolet on his 75th birthday. The symposium was entitled “On the Diversity and Similarity of Comets” and was cosponsored by the Institut d'Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique and the European Space Agency (ESA). Nearly 200 scientists participated; the proceedings will be published by ESA.Nicolet is a world‐renowned scientist who has made far‐reaching contributions to the understanding of the chemistry and dynamics of the upper atmosphere. In his first years as a scientist, he carried out important research on comets. He was one of the initial planners of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) and served as the Scientific Secretary of the Comité Spéciale de l'Année Géophysique Internationale (CSAGI). Nicolet deserves much of the credit for the success of the IGY. He has been a member of AGU since 1959 and was awarded the Bowie Medal in 1984.
Hydrology Section Bylaws
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

American Geophysical Union Bylaws of the Hydrology Section (Approved by AGU Council, May 19, 1987) Article 1. Name The name of this organization shall be the Hydrology Section of the American Geophysical Union.Article 2. Objectives To promote the aims and activities of the American Geophysical Union within the field of hydrology and water resources, including:

To promote th e scientific study of hydrology and water resources and to make the results of such studies available to the public by (1) scientific discussion, publication, and other dissemination of information, and (2) by sponsorship of scientific and technical symposia, colloquia, and meetings.
To initiate and participate in hydrologic and water resource research programs, including those that depend upon international cooperation.
To promote cooperation among those scientific organizations whose objectives include furtherance of knowledge in the hydrologic and water resource disciplines.
NASA selects new space research centers
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced the selection of seven new Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS) on July 28, 1987. The centers will be eligible for NASA grants of as much as $1 million annually for the next 5 years to carry on scientific and technical research related to the commercial development of space. The locations and concentrations of the new centers are as follows:

The University of Tennessee Space Institute‐Center for Advanced Space Propulsion, Tullahoma, Tenn.
Auburn University‐Center for the Commercial Development of Space Power, Auburn, Ala.
Environmental Research Institute of Michigan—Center for the Commercial Development of Autonomous and Man‐Controlled Robotic Sensing Systems in Space, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Pennsylvania State University‐Center for Secretion Research, University Park, Penn.
University of Colorado‐Center for Bioserve Space Technologies, Boulder, Colo.
Case Western Reserve University‐Center on Materials for Space Structures, Cleveland, Ohio.
Texas A&M Research Foundation‐Center for Commercial Development of Space Power, College Station, Tex.
Wind turbine on line in Hawaii
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2011

The largest wind machine in the United States started generating electricity in late July in Hawaii. The Mod‐5B wind‐powered turbine, located on the northern tip of the island of Oahu, is rated at 3.2 megawatts and is expected to generate enough clean electricity to supply the needs of 1300 homes. The machine was developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, and paid for by the Department of Energy.The turbine is based on new technology that allows its 320‐ft (∼100‐m) rotor to operate at variable speeds to suit changing wind conditions. It is the result of 15 years of federally sponsored research at NASA‐Lewis. Conventional turbines operate at a fixed speed. After 6 months of tests, Mod‐5B will be taken over and operated by the Hawaiian Electric Company, under a sales agreement with NASA. The turbine was located at the northend of Oahu primarily because of the high incidence of steady trade winds in that part of the Hawaiian chain. Renewable energy sources like the turbine are also desirable in Hawaii because of the high cost of electricity on the islands, which is principally the result of the need to import all diesel fuel and a prohibition on nuclear power plants in the state.
Neptune predictions wanted
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2011

Earth and planetary scientists will have the opportunity to speculate in print about Neptune, before the Voyager 2 spacecraft's flyby of the planet in August 1989. The AGU journal Geophysical Research Letters (GRL) will be publishing scientific predictions about the most distant of the four giant gaseous planets in the Solar System.A statement published in GRL in September 1987 by editor Alex Dessler calls for the hypotheses because “the classic test of a theory is its ability to predict.” Although much has been learned from Voyager's visits to Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus, “the Neptune encounter challenges our present understanding,” Dessler said.
Antarctic ozone hole deepest yet
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Preliminary data from an airborne mission to the yearly ozone hole over Antarctica show the lowest ozone levels yet recorded over that continent, it was announced at a news conference September 30, 1987. Measurements made by two NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) aircraft flying through the zone of ozone depletion, as well as satellite a n d balloon‐based data, indicate a 15% mid‐September decrease in ozone between 14 and 23 km altitude over the mid‐ September levels of 1985, the lowest previous measurements. Chemical and meteorological mechanisms appear to play an interactive role in the hole's development.In situ sampling and remote sensing of chlorine from NASA's ER‐2 and DC‐8 aircraft showed concentrations of u p to 100 times the amount found at mid‐latitudes at the same altitudes. The documentation of this perturbed chlorine chemistry provides further support for theories linking the hole to the destruction of ozone by chlorine species like the CIO radical.
Aging of geophysicists reconsidered
Authors: Gillmor C. Stewart 
Published: October 2011

Are scientists as a group getting older? Between 1960 and April 1986 the median age of the U.S. population increased by 1 year to 30.5 years [Bureau of the Census, 1982, 1986]. But active, publishing U.S. geophysicists are aging much faster. Three years ago, I reported in Eos [Gillmor, 1984] that a sample of about 300 active American Geophysical Union (AGU) members with U.S. addresses who had published in the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) in 1983 was almost 4 years older than a similar sample drawn from 1978.The reason that I chose U.S. authors who were publishing in JGR and who were members of AGU for my study was that JGR is the world's leading geophysics journal and AGU is one of a few scientific organizations with relatively good birth year information for its members going back for many years. With the kind assistance of AGU staff, I examined AGU records to determine which authors giving U.S. or Canadian addresses in my samples were AGU members in 1986, which then allowed me to locate birth years for nearly all of those members.
Advocacy and AGU
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In May 1982, the AGU Council approved the following policy on the Union's role in advocacy on public issues.The American Geophysical Union is an association of scientists, scholars, and interested lay public for the purpose of advancing geophysical science. The Union shares a collateral sense of responsibility to assure that the results of geophysical research are made available to benefit all mankind. The Union encourages its members to exercise their individual sense of responsibility in addressing political and social issues. Should they choose to act collectively on such issues, other organizations exist for such purposes. The American Geophysical Union, as a society, should preserve its unique position as an objective source of analysis and commentary for the full spectrum of geophysical science.
The large plumes of Novaya Zemlya
Authors: Parmenter‐Holt Frances C. 
Published: October 2011

A news article by M. Matson (“Large Plume Events in the Soviet Arctic,” Eos, December 9, 1986, pp. 1372–1373) described large plume events that were observed emanating from Novaya Zemlya Island (U.S.S.R.). Various geomorphic and anthropogenic activities were postulated as sources of this plume. An examination of the imagery presented, and the additional examples provided by Matson, suggest that this cold plume is a naturally occurring, orographically induced event.Novaya Zemlya (NZ) Island is a northeast‐to‐southwest oriented island. The topography of the northern portion of the island, where the plumes were observed, is characterized by a continuous glacial ridge located at the center of the land mass. This glacier rises quickly from sea level to more than 2500 ft or ∼760 m (Figure 1). Ridges on the southern portion are oriented east‐west and are below 2500 ft. In addition, the northern portion of the island arcs to the northeast, generally perpendicular to the movements of prevailing winds and weather systems.
CSDP at the crossroads
Authors: Eichelberger John C. 
Published: October 2011

The Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP) has entered a critical period. After decades of committee meetings, research drilling on the continents is actually being done. What is being done, however, is far less grand than projects envisioned by the early committees because as yet there has been no increment in research funding in agency budgets earmarked for CSDP. Nevertheless, results of early projects are coming into view, and it is proper to ask whether those results justify the expense. The answer is becoming the subject of a debate that will determine the future of CSDP.This is a concern to disciplines comprising the VGP section above most others. For example, without research drilling, fluid samples from depth will be largely limited to commercially drilled hydrocarbon reservoirs and a handful of geothermal systems, and we will not move beyond a cartoonlike understanding of intrusive structures and processes beneath modern volcanos. Therefore, I view CSDP as essential to our progress in understanding fluids and melts in the crust. Perhaps consideration of some observations made in the trenches during critical battles will improve the outcome o f the current debate.
Space Remote Sensing Systems: An Introduction
Authors: Carbary J. F. , Meng C.‐I. 
Published: October 2011

In the general textbook sense, this book is not an introduction to space remote sensing systems. Rather, it is a review of a subset of modern Earth‐sensing instruments. The author intends this book to be more for scientists and engineers rather than students, although the content is more suitable for program managers who are not intimately connected with the technical aspects of remote sensing and for those who want quick information on Earth‐observing systems.The book's 257 pages contain 10 chapters, two appendices, and an index. The first chapter briefly covers the interaction of Earth's atmosphere and surface with solar radiation. The second chapter attempts to discuss fundamentals of space remote sensing such as satellite scanning techniques, types of telescopes, and optical materials. The third chapter takes up specific radiometric and imaging devices, such as photomultiplier tubes, CCDs, and cooling systems. The next four chapters for the most part cover specific flight hardware, including radiometers, spectrometers, imagers, microwave systems, lidar systems, and synthetic aperture radars (SAR). The final two chapters discuss launch vehicles and current or planned Earth observation missions.
NSF wants GOFS proposals
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation (NSF), with the National Aeronautics and Space, Administration (NASA), continues to support the planning and implementation of the U.S. Global Ocean Flux Study (GOFS). GOFS is expected to be fully implemented during the 1990s.The purpose of GOFS is to identify and quantify the physical, chemical, and biological processes controlling biogeochemical cycling in the ocean, and their interactions with the global atmosphere. The goal is to understand the processes governing the production and fate of biogenic materials in the sea well enough to predict their influences on and responses to perturbations on a global scale. The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), the planned international initiative under the auspices of the Scientific Committee on Ocean Research (SCOR), is a key element of the International Geosphere‐Biosphere Program (IGBP).
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman:

the dissertation title,
author's name,
name of the degree‐granting department and institution,
faculty advisor,
month and year degree was awarded,
category of dissertation subject (Atmospheric Sciences, Hydrology, Ocean Sciences, Solid Earth, or Space Sciences).
If possible, include the current address and telephone number of the degree recipient (this information will not be published).
House authorizes billion for SSC
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2011

On October 15, 1987, the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space, and Technology voted favorably on H.R. 3228, a bill authorizing $1.079 billion over the next 3 fiscal years (FY) for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) proposed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The bill authorizes $10 million to be spent in FY 1988 on siting and construction. Site proposals from 26 states are currently under review by DOE and the National Academy of Sciences.Before the committee approved the authorization, Don Ritter (R‐Pa.) introduced numerous amendments to the bill. The intent of the measures was to delay complete funding for the project until careful and objective site selection and partial funding of the SSC from other countries could be assured. All of the amendments were voted down.
U.S.‐Soviet climate research: More, better
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2011

The draft of an agreement for cooperative U.S.‐Soviet climate research contains a number of proposed projects that should lead to unprecedented knowledge of the worldwide atmospheric distribution of trace gases and their effect on climate change. Activities named in the document include the shared measurement of Antarctica's ozone hole, a joint experiment to investigate the relationship between aerosols and ozone in the Arctic stratosphere, and a program to measure biogenic methane produced in permafrost areas of the United States and the Soviet Union.The protocol, signed in preliminary form November 2, 1987, by representatives of both countries, is the latest update of a bilateral agreement in place since 1972. Ultimate approval of the protocol should come in the next few months, in the form of a final signing by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Lee Thomas and the head of the equivalent ministry in the Soviet Union, Yuri Izrael.
Atmospheric methane: Formation and fluxes from the biosphere and the geosphere
Authors: Oremland Ronald S. 
Published: October 2011

The reported doubling of atmospheric methane over the past century and its impact on global climate change prompted this symposium, which was hosted by the Division of Geochemistry of the American Chemical Society during its meeting in Denver, Colo. (April 5–10, 1987). The goal was to establish an interdisciplinary forum for current research related to aspects of

the chemistry of methane in Earth's atmosphere;
the identification of its sources;
its microbiological mechanisms of formation and oxidation; and
measurements of its outward flux from various sources.
Southeast U.S. burns
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2011

Human beings were responsible for most of 12,000 forest fires in the southeastern United States that burned for 10 days in late October and early November 1987. 910 km2, mostly hardwood forest, were destroyed in the fires, with arson and carelessness as the primary causes, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.Measured in monetary terms, the toll was more than $40 million in resource and property damage. While the amount of forest burned did not rival the 3390 km2 lost to fires in the western United States last summer, the human impact was severe in the southeast and all along the East Coast. Favorable winds blew smoke from the southern and central Appalachians as far north as New England and as far east as Delaware, and cool fall air close to the ground prevented the smoke from rising, thickening the air in many northeastern cities on November 8 and 9.
Trans‐Pacific Hydrographic Section along 10°N
Authors: Brady Esther C. 
Published: October 2011

Plans are underway for a hydrographic section along ˜10°N in the Pacific Ocean. This work, tentatively scheduled for late 1988 to early 1989, is to be supported by the National Science Foundation's Ocean Sciences Division.Measurements will consist of approximately 240 full‐depth casts with a conductivity, temperature, depth, and dissolved oxygen (CTD/;O2) profiler. A rosette sampler with 24 ten‐liter bottles will be lowered with the CTD/O2 profiler to provide water samples for additional salinity, oxygen, and nutrient analyses. Stations will be separated nominally by 75 km, with closer spacing planned over major topographic features and near the eastern and western boundaries. In addition, vertical profiles of upper ocean velocity will be measured continuously by an acoustic Doppler current profiler.
Short‐term variability of physical oceanographic features in the Indian waters
Authors: Burt Wayne V. 
Published: October 2011

A symposium with the title given above took place at the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory in Cochin, India, on February 19–20, 1987. Scientists from 18 different universities, colleges, and governmental laboratories presented papers. This is indicative of the widespread interest in the subject matter in India.Because of the length of the meeting, it will be impossible to discuss all of the papers that were presented. Only a few of the papers that seemed most cogent to me will be discussed.
Cretaceous rocks may hold keys to global process
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2011

A new international research project will focus on the Cretaceous Period and its sedimentary rocks as a detailed record of global chemical and physical processes. The initiative has been proposed by a committee of the Global Sedimentary Geology Program (GSGP), which the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) adopted in February 1987.Impetus for the new program, called Cretaceous Resources, Events, and Rhythms (CRER), grew out of a recognition of the unique climatic history of the Cretaceous Period (65–135 m.y. B.P.), a time when several marine trangressions left marine sediments covering much of the planet. The relatively complete stratigraphy of the period in many parts of the world offers the opportunity to examine 70 million years of climate change on a global scale.
John P. Tully 1906”1987
Authors: Tabata Sus 
Published: October 2011

John Patrick Tully, known as the “Father of West Coast Oceanography” in Canada, died in Nanaimo, British Columbia (BC), Canada, on Tuesday, May 19, 1987. Memorial services were held at Brechin United Church on Saturday, May 23. He is survived by his wife, Lorraine, and two daughters, Jean (Prout) and Anne (Gill), and one son, Jim.“Jack” Tully was born in Brandon (Manitoba, Canada) on November 29, 1906. After completing his early education at public schools in Winnipeg, he entered the University of Manitoba, where he graduated with B.Sc. Honors in biology and chemistry in 1931.
1900‐Ma ocean crust in Canada
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2011

The oldest known occurrence in North America of an ophiolite, considered to be a piece of ancient ocean crust, has been reported in the Cape Smith Belt in northern Quebec, Canada.The recognition last summer of a key structural component of the characteristic ophiolite suite has buttressed confidence in the theory that the 1900‐Ma fragments of an ocean basin were accreted to an early Proterozoic Canadian continent. The tectonic mixing of oceanic and continental crust is strong evidence for the operation of plate tectonics early in Earth's history.
October streamflow
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Record lows were set for streamflow in the Pacific northwest and in the southwestern Appalachians in October 1987. The Spokane River at Spokane, Wash., the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oreg., and the Yellowstone River at Corwin Springs, Mont., were among the rivers breaking low‐flow records that had stood for nearly 100 years. Fifty‐year lows were reported for the Tombigbee River near Coatopa, Ala., and the Green River at Munfordville, Ky.The U.S. Geological Survey reported that the combined flow of the Mississippi, St. Lawrence, and Columbia Rivers was 14% below median at 551,400 cubic feet per second (cfs). Mean October elevations of the Great Lakes (provisional National Ocean Service data) was lower in October than it was in September and was lower than it had been in October 1986. The Great Salt Lake fell 0.15 ft (0.04 m) during October, reaching 4209.25 ft (1282.97 m) above National Geodetic Vertical Datum.
Science teachers to hear Van Allen
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

James Van Allen, discoverer of Earth's radiation belts, is a featured speaker at the National Science Teachers Association National 1988 convention in St. Louis, Mo. AGU is sponsoring his illustrated lecture “Exploring the Planets,” on April 8, 1988. Van Allen will describe some of the most significant results of planetary missions and discuss plans for future missions.Van Allen has been a principal investigator for scientific experiments on 24 Earth‐orbiting, Moon‐orbiting, and planetary missions. He served as AGU president from 1982 to 1984. In 1985, he retired from the University of Iowa, Iowa City, where he taught physics for 34 years. President Reagan awarded him the National Medal of Science in 1987.