bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residents’ Adjusting Behaviour to Enhance Indoor Environmental Comfort in Apartments
Authors: Lee Tae Kyung , Cho Sung Heui , Kim Jeong Tai 
Published: September 2011

A comfortable indoor environment is an essential condition for establishing a healthy housing environment. The indoor comfort is influenced by not only architectural conditions, but also residents’ psychological adaptation and behavioural adjustments. Moreover, specific information about adjusting behaviours, such as opening windows, closing blinds and adjusting clothing, is important to enhance indoor comfort effectively and reduce energy consumption at home. The purpose of this study is to explore residents’ evaluation and adjusting behaviour related to the indoor comfort of apartments in Korea. This study collected residents’ evaluations of thermo, sound, light and air conditions through surveys on their satisfaction, and the study identified factors affecting residents’ evaluations. In addition, this study investigated adjusting behaviours that would improve levels of indoor comfort based on the unique attributes of apartments and residents’ living culture, and it analysed the relationship between such behaviour and their satisfaction. The questionnaire survey was collected from apartment residents. Frequency analyses, t-test and multiple linear regression analysis were employed. The results of this study would contribute to developing plans and management guidelines for enhancing indoor comfort and satisfaction as specific and practical data.
An exploratory study of young women adjusting to developmental dysplasia of the hip and deciding on treatment choices
Authors: Gambling Tina , Long Andrew F 
Published: September 2011

Objective: To explore the experiences of young women adjusting to living with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and deciding on treatment choices. Methods: Exploratory study of a set of online postings from one message board aimed at women with DDH. Postings of five, purposively selected users were explored from first posting to the time of their peri-acetabular osteotomy surgery. Data analysis was performed through the approach of interpretive phenomenological analysis. Results: Two major concepts were prominent across participants’ accounts; first, ‘challenging the life course and identity as a young woman’ and second, ‘saving my joints’. Central was the women’s description of how the diagnosis of DDH challenged the way they viewed themselves as young women. Once the women began to understand the long-term implications of having DDH they all began a quest to save their ‘native joint’, delaying the need for an artificial joint for as long as possible. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the personal nature and diversity of the journeys the women followed. DDH potentially provides a critical case for exploration of the process of adjustment, as its treatment pathway and rehabilitation are lengthy and both physically and emotionally demanding.
Treatment failure in pneumonia: impact of antibiotic treatment and cost analysis
Authors: Ott S.R. , Hauptmeier B.M. , Ernen C. , Lepper P.M. , Nüesch E. , Pletz M.W. , Hecht J. , Welte T. , Bauer T.T. 
Published: September 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate treatment failure (TF) in hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with regard to initial antibiotic treatment and economic impact.CAP patients were included in two open, prospective multicentre studies assessing the direct costs for in-patient treatment. Patients received treatment either with moxifloxacin (MFX) or a nonstandardised antibiotic therapy. Any change in antibiotic therapy after >72h of treatment to a broadened antibiotic spectrum was considered as TF.Overall, 1,236 patients (mean±sdage 69.6±16.8 yrs, 691 (55.9%) male) were included. TF occurred in 197 (15.9%) subjects and led to longer hospital stay (15.4±7.3 daysversus9.8±4.2 days; p<0.001) and increased median treatment costs (€2,206versus€1,284; p<0.001). 596 (48.2%) patients received MFX and witnessed less TF (10.9%versus20.6%; p<0.001). After controlling for confounders in multivariate analysis, adjusted risk of TF was clearly reduced in MFX as compared with β-lactam monotherapy (adjusted OR for MFX 0.43, 95% CI 0.27–0.68) and was more comparable with a β-lactam plus macrolide combination (BLM) (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.38–1.21).In hospitalised CAP, TF is frequent and leads to prolonged hospital stay and increased treatment costs. Initial treatment with MFX or BLM is a possible strategy to prevent TF, and may thus reduce treatment costs.
Association of genetic variants in the promoter region of genes encoding p22phox (CYBA) and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and renal disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vieira Suzana M , Monteiro Maria B , Marques Tatiana , Luna Ana M , Fortes Maria A , Nery Márcia , Queiroz Márcia , Dib Sérgio A , Vendramini Márcio F , Azevedo Mirela J , Canani Luis H , Parisi Maria C , Pavin Elizabeth J , Giannella-Neto Daniel , Corrêa-Giannella Maria L 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Oxidative stress is recognized as a major pathogenic factor of cellular damage caused by hyperglycemia. NOX/NADPH oxidases generate reactive oxygen species and NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4 isoforms are expressed in kidney and require association with subunit p22phox (encoded by the CYBA gene). Increased expression of p22phox was described in animal models of diabetic nephropathy. In the opposite direction, glutathione is one of the main endogenous antioxidants whose plasmatic concentrations were reported to be reduced in diabetes patients. The aim of the present investigation was to test whether functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the generation of NADPH-dependent O2
•- (-675 T → A in CYBA, unregistered) and in glutathione metabolism (-129 C → T in GCLC [rs17883901] and -65 T → C in GPX3 [rs8177412]) confer susceptibility to renal disease in type 1 diabetes patients.

Methods
401 patients were sorted into two groups according to the presence (n = 104) or absence (n = 196) of overt diabetic nephropathy or according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation: ≥ 60 mL (n = 265) or < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 136) and were genotyped.

Results
No differences were found in the frequency of genotypes between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. The frequency of GFR < 60 mL/min was significantly lower in the group of patients carrying CYBA genotypes T/A+A/A (18.7%) than in the group carrying the T/T genotype (35.3%) (P = 0.0143) and the frequency of GFR < 60 mL/min was significantly higher in the group of patients carrying GCLC genotypes C/T+T/T (47.1%) than in the group carrying the C/C genotype (31.1%) (p = 0.0082). Logistic regression analysis identified the presence of at least one A allele of the CYBA SNP as an independent protection factor against decreased GFR (OR = 0.38, CI95% 0.14-0.88, p = 0.0354) and the presence of at least one T allele of the GCLC rs17883901 SNP as an independent risk factor for decreased GFR (OR = 2.40, CI95% 1.27-4.56, p = 0.0068).

Conclusions
The functional SNPs CYBA -675 T → A and GCLC rs17883901, probably associated with cellular redox imbalances, modulate the risk for renal disease in the studied population of type 1 diabetes patients and require validation in additional cohorts.
Upregulation of CYP 450s expression of immortalized hepatocyte-like cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells by enzyme inducers
Authors: Sa-ngiamsuntorn Khanit , Wongkajornsilp Adisak , Kasetsinsombat Kanda , Duangsa-ard Sunisa , Nuntakarn Lalana , Borwornpinyo Suparerk , Akarasereenont Pravit , Limsrichamrern Somchai , Hongeng Suradej 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
The strenuous procurement of cultured human hepatocytes and their short lives have constrained the cell culture model of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) induction, xenobiotic biotransformation, and hepatotoxicity. The development of continuous non-tumorous cell line steadily containing hepatocyte phenotypes would substitute the primary hepatocytes for these studies.

Results
The hepatocyte-like cells have been developed from hTERT plus Bmi-1-immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells to substitute the primary hepatocytes. The hepatocyte-like cells had polygonal morphology and steadily produced albumin, glycogen, urea and UGT1A1 beyond 6 months while maintaining proliferative capacity. Although these hepatocyte-like cells had low basal expression of CYP450 isotypes, their expressions could be extensively up regulated to 80 folds upon the exposure to enzyme inducers. Their inducibility outperformed the classical HepG2 cells.

Conclusion
The hepatocyte-like cells contained the markers of hepatocytes including CYP450 isotypes. The high inducibility of CYP450 transcripts could serve as a sensitive model for profiling xenobiotic-induced expression of CYP450.
Evaluating complex interventions and health technologies using normalization process theory: development of a simplified approach and web-enabled toolkit
Authors: May Carl R , Finch Tracy , Ballini Luciana , MacFarlane Anne , Mair Frances , Murray Elizabeth , Treweek Shaun , Rapley Tim 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundNormalization Process Theory (NPT) can be used to explain implementation processes in health care relating to new technologies and complex interventions. This paper describes the processes by which we developed a simplified version of NPT for use by clinicians, managers, and policy makers, and which could be embedded in a web-enabled toolkit and on-line users manual.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2010 we undertook four tasks. (i) We presented NPT to potential and actual users in multiple workshops, seminars, and presentations. (ii) Using what we discovered from these meetings, we decided to create a simplified set of statements and explanations expressing core constructs of the theory (iii) We circulated these statements to a criterion sample of 60 researchers, clinicians and others, using SurveyMonkey to collect qualitative textual data about their criticisms of the statements. (iv) We then reconstructed the statements and explanations to meet users' criticisms, embedded them in a web-enabled toolkit, and beta tested this 'in the wild'.ResultsOn-line data collection was effective: over a four week period 50/60 participants responded using SurveyMonkey (40/60) or direct phone and email contact (10/60). An additional nine responses were received from people who had been sent the SurveyMonkey form by other respondents. Beta testing of the web enabled toolkit produced 13 responses, from 327 visits tohttp://www.normalizationprocess.org. Qualitative analysis of both sets of responses showed a high level of support for the statements but also showed that some statements poorly expressed their underlying constructs or overlapped with others. These were rewritten to take account of users' criticisms and then embedded in a web-enabled toolkit. As a result we were able translate the core constructs into a simplified set of statements that could be utilized by non-experts.ConclusionNormalization Process Theory has been developed through transparent procedures at each stage of its life. The theory has been shown to be sufficiently robust to merit formal testing. This project has provided a user friendly version of NPT that can be embedded in a web-enabled toolkit and used as a heuristic device to think through implementation and integration problems.
A novel gas ionization sensor using Pd nanoparticle-capped ZnO
Authors: Wang Hongjun , Zou Changwei , Tian Canxin , Zhou Lin , Wang Zesong , Fu Dejun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA novel gas ionization sensor using Pd nanoparticle-capped ZnO (Pd/ZnO) nanorods as the anode is proposed. The Pd/ZnO nanorod-based sensors, compared with the bare ZnO nanorod, show lower breakdown voltage for the detected gases with good sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the sensors exhibit stable performance after more than 200 tests for both inert and active gases. The simple, low-cost, Pd/ZnO nanorod-based field-ionization gas sensors presented in this study have potential applications in the field of gas sensor devices.
Radiation induced temporal lobe necrosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a review of new avenues in its management
Authors: Chen Jing , Dassarath Meera , Yin Zhongyuan , Liu Hongli , Yang Kunyu , Wu Gang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTemporal lobe necrosis (TLN) is the most debilitating late-stage complication after radiation therapy in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). The bilateral temporal lobes are inevitably encompassed in the radiation field and are thus prone to radiation induced necrosis. The wide use of 3D conformal and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of NPC has led to a dwindling incidence of TLN. Yet, it still holds great significance due to its incapacitating feature and the difficulties faced clinically and radiologically in distinguishing it from a malignancy. In this review, we highlight the evolution of different imaging modalities and therapeutic options. FDG PET, SPECT and Magnetic Spectroscopy are among the latest imaging tools that have been considered. In terms of treatment, Bevacizumab remains the latest promising breakthrough due to its ability to reverse the pathogenesis unlike conventional treatment options including large doses of steroids, anticoagulants, vitamins, hyperbaric oxygen and surgery.
Chinese herbal extracts of Rubia cordifolia and Dianthus superbus suppress IgE production and prevent peanut-induced anaphylaxis
Authors: López-Expósito Iván , Castillo Alexandra , Yang Nan , Liang Banghao , Li Xiu-Min 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Peanut allergy is characterized by increased levels of peanut-specific IgE in the serum of most patients. Thus, the most logical therapy would be to inhibit the IgE production by committed B-cells. This study aims to investigate the unreported anti-IgE effects of Chinese herbal extracts of Rubia cordifolia (Qiancao) and Dianthus superbus (Qumai).

Methods
Seventy herbal extracts were tested for their ability to reduce IgE secretion by a human B-cell line. Those with the lowest inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values were tested in a mouse model of peanut-anaphylaxis. Anaphylactic scores, body temperature, plasma histamine and peanut-specific-immunoglobulins were determined.

Results

Rubia cordifolia and Dianthus superbus inhibited the in vitro IgE production by a human B-cell line in a dose-dependent manner and the in vivo IgE production in a murine model of peanut allergy without affecting peanut-specific-IgG1 levels. After challenge, all mice in the sham groups developed anaphylactic reactions and increased plasma histamine levels. The extract-treated mice demonstrated significantly reduced peanut-triggered anaphylactic reactions and plasma histamine levels.

Conclusion
The extracts of Rubia cordifolia and Dianthus superbus inhibited the IgE production in vivo and in vitro as well as reduced anaphylactic reactions in peanut-allergic mice, suggesting potentials for allergy treatments.
Are all antipsychotic drugs the same?
Authors: Leucht Stefan , Davis John M. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe classification system of atypical and typical antipsychotics has created a lot of confusion and might be abandoned. Nevertheless, to say that all drugs are the same and that therefore it does not matter which drug is given is wrong. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics differ in side-effects, mechanisms of action, cost and efficacy. The available choice of antipsychotics should be adapted to individual patients in a shared decision-making process.
How do we know when research from one setting can be useful in another? A review of external validity, applicability and transferability frameworks
Authors: Burchett Helen , Umoquit Muriah , Dobrow Mark 
Published: September 2011

Objective: To review published frameworks that included criteria for the assessment of external validity, applicability and transferability in their assessment of health research. Methods: Five databases were searched for articles relating to the assessment of external validity or applicability and transferability in health research. A coding framework was developed inductively and used to assess which types of criteria were included in the frameworks. Results: Thirty-eight articles describing 25 frameworks were identified. Eleven focused solely on the assessment of applicability and transferability; 14 presented more general decision-making or evidence appraisal frameworks. The criteria were synthesized into four main categories: setting, intervention, outcomes and evidence. None of the frameworks covered all the criteria identified. A major limitation was the lack of empirical data used to develop many frameworks and the apparent lack of assessment of their perceived utility. Conclusion: A validated framework of applicability and transferability would help those aiming to encourage research use, as well as those conducting research. Greater understanding of applicability and transferability could help to encourage the appropriate use of research and the development of research that is more useful.
Crystal structures of hydrazones, 2-(1,3-benzothiazolyl)-NH—N=CH—Ar, prepared from arenealdehydes and 2-hydrazinyl-1,3-benzothiazole
Authors: Nogueira Antônio , Vasconcelos Tatyana R. A. , Wardell James L. , Wardell Solange M. S. V. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Structures of hydrazones, [1: 2-(1,3-benzothiazolyl)-NH—N=CH—C6H3—XY], prepared from arenecarbäaldehydes and 2-hydrazinyl-1,3-benzothiazole, are reported. Compounds include unsolvated species, (1: X = 4-Cl, 4-Br, 4-NMe2; Y = H), [1: X,Y = 2,4-Me2, 2,4-(OMe)2], and solvated ones, [(1: X = 4-OH; Y = H) · H2O], [(1: X = 3-OMe; Y = 4-OH) · H2O], and [(1: X = 2-OH; Y = 5-NO2) · DMSO]. The solvated compound, [(1: X = 2-OH; Y = 5-NO2) · DMSO], exists in the imino form in contrast to the (E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazolyl)-NH—N=CH—Ar form exhibited by the other compounds. Common intermolecular interactions in the non-solvated compounds, (1: X = 4-Cl, 4-Br, 4-NMe2; Y = H) and [1: X,Y = 2,4-Me2, 2,4-(OMe)2], are strong dimer forming N—H · · · N hyädrogen bonds and weaker π · · · π interactions. The latter involve the benzothazole rings, except in [1: X,Y = 2,4-(OMe)2], where the π · · · π interactions involve thiazole and C6H3(OMe)2 rings. The dimer forming N—H · · · N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π · · · π stacking interactions persist in the hydrate, [(1: X = 3-OMe; Y = 4-OH) · H2O], but not in the other solvates, [(1: X = 4-OH; Y = H) · H2O] and [(1: X = 2-OH; Y = 5-NO2) · DMSO]. For [(1: X = 4-OH; Y = H) · H2O], the important direct links between [(1: X = 4-OH; Y = H) are chain forming O—H · · · N hydrogen bonds, supplemented by π · · · π interactions. For all solvated compounds, the solvate molecules are involved in indirect links between the hydrazone molecules. In the case of [(1: X = 2-OH; Y = 5-NO2) · DMSO], present in the imino form, a network of rings is generated from the hydrogen bonding interactions of the DMSO solvate with the N—H and N—O(nitro) moieties of (1: X = 2-OH; Y = 5-NO2).
The Evolution of the Locoregional Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Ho Alice , Morrow Monica 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the influence of tumor biology when selecting options for local treatment of breast cancer.Identify key areas of controversy relating to localized treatment of breast cancer.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy have equal survival outcomes. Rates of local recurrence after BCT have declined steadily, largely as a result of the widespread use of systemic therapy. Sentinel node biopsy has replaced axillary dissection for staging the axilla, and in women undergoing BCT with whole-breast irradiation (WBI), axillary dissection is not needed for local control or survival in those with fewer than three involved sentinel nodes. Alternatives to 6 weeks of WBI have been shown to be safe and effective for subsets of breast cancer patients, and the use of preoperative chemotherapy allows BCT in some women who require mastectomy if surgery is the initial step in treatment. The combination of the smaller cancers detected with screening and the routine use of multimodality therapy has resulted in a decrease in the morbidity of local therapy and improved cancer treatment outcomes.
The Effects of Consumer-Directed Health Plans on Episodes of Health Care
Authors: Haviland Amelia M. , Sood Neeraj , McDevitt Roland D. , Marquis M. Susan 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Past research has shown that high deductible and consumer-directed health plans (HD/CDHPs) can significantly reduce health care costs. In this paper we investigate how these cost savings are realized. We use panel data from many large employers and difference in difference models to examine how HD/CDHPs affect the number of health care episodes and the cost per episode. Our results show that about two-thirds of the cost savings from HD/CDHP enrollment are from reductions in number of episodes and the remaining one-third of the savings are from reductions in costs per episode. The presence of a Health Reimbursement Arrangement (HRA) or Health Savings Account (HSA) does not temper the effects of high deductibles on number of episodes. However, enrollees in plans with generous employer contributions to HSAs have more episodes of care than enrollees in plans where employers make smaller account contributions. The reductions in costs per episode and in visits to specialists, inpatient care, and use of non-generic pharmaceuticals suggest that higher deductibles are effective at making patients more cost conscious even after care is initiated.
Racial Disparities in Credit Constraints in the Great Recession: Evidence from the UK
Authors: Gathergood John 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper investigates racial disparities in household credit constraints using UK survey data. We find a widening disparity in the proportion of racial minority households reporting they face credit constraints compared with non-minority households over the period 2006-2009. By 2009 three times as many racial minority households faced credit constraints compared with non-minority households. The difference in credit constraints across racial minority and non-minority households is not explained by a broad set of covariates. While cross-section variation in reported credit constraints might most likely reflect unobservables, we argue this time series variation is very unlikely to arise due to unobservables and is evidence of growing perceived disparity in credit access between racial groups over the period.
Country at a Crossroads: An Insight into How an Economic Crisis Led to Dramatic Policy Change
Authors: Hogan John W. , Hara Ana 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we try to understand the nature of the changes to Mexican macroeconomic policy in the early 1980s using a critical juncture framework. The framework argues that three elements—crisis, ideational change, and radical policy change—must be identified in order for us to be able to declare, with some certainty, whether an event constitutes a critical juncture. Utilizing this framework, we will ascertain whether the changes to Mexican macroeconomic policy constituted a clean break with the past or were a continuation of previously established policy pathways.