bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Etch Times of Fossil Fission Tracks in Geological Apatite Samples and Impact on Temperature-Time Modeling
Authors: Trilsch Florian , Fu Hongyang , Jonckheere Raymond , Ratschbacher Lothar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Apatite fission-track modeling reconstructs the low-temperature histories of geological samples based on measurements of the lengths of etched confined fission tracks and counted surface tracks. The duration for which each confined track was etched can be calculated from its width given the apatite etch-rate νR. We measured νR as a function of crystallographic orientation for fourteen samples from the igneous and metasedimentary basement of Tian Shan, Central Asia, to optimize the track-length distribution for modeling the thermal histories of apatites with varying chemical compositions. To first order, νR scales with the size of the track intersections with the mineral surface in the range of Dpar = 1.4–2.6 µm. We use νR for calculating the effective etch time tE of confined tracks measured after 20–60 seconds of immersion in 5.5 M HNO3 at 21°C. Considering only tracks within a predetermined etch-time window improves the reproducibility of the track-length distributions. Because an etch-time window allows excluding under- and over-etched tracks, sample immersion times can be optimized to increase the number of confined tracks suitable for modeling. Longer immersion times also allow the longest-etched tracks to develop a clear geometrical outline from which the orientation of the apatite c-axis can be inferred. We finish by comparing thermal histories obtained with a conventional 20-second immersion protocol, without tE selection, with those using the length of tracks within the range of tE = 15–30 seconds. Overall, the alternative models fit better to independent AHe data than the conventional ones.
Tectonic–Hydrothermal Processes and their Relationship with the Petroleum Potential of the Bazhenov-Abalak Complex of Western Siberia
Authors: Zubkov M.Yu. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
—The main types of reservoir rocks have been identified within the Bazhenov-Abalak complex. To assess the geological resources of hydrocarbons, it is proposed to formally divide the entire set of lithological rock types comprising the Bazhenov-Abalak complex into two main varieties: fluid seals and reservoirs. We argue that it is possibile to distinguish between potentially productive and productive rocks, represented by siliceous and carbonate varieties, according to logging data. A possible mechanism for the formation of reservoir rocks within the Bazhenov-Abalak complex as a result of the tectonic-hydrothermal impact on these deposits has been reconstructed. An original methodology for identifying perspective zones of various categories of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Bazhenov-Abalak complex through integrating seismic data and tectonophysical modeling carried out on their basis has been proposed. For example, an assessment of the predicted geological resources of hydrocarbons contained in the Bazhenov-Abalak complex within the limits of 3D seismic exploration of the Yem-Yegovskaya area has been carried out. The necessity of assessing the prospects for oil content and calculating the predicted geological resources of hydrocarbons in the whole Bazhenov-Abalak complex, and not only in the Bazhenov Formation, is substantiated, based on a single mechanism of formation of reservoir rocks of tectonic-hydrothermal origin in them.
Evolution of Intrusive Magmatism in West Sayan
Authors: Rudnev S.N. , Babin G.A. , Semenova D.V. , Travin A.V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
—We summarize the results of geological, geochronological and petrochemical studies of the intrusive complexes of West Sayan, and on their basis analyze the scales, formation sequence, petrochemical characteristics and geodynamic environments of the formation of granitoid and gabbroid complexes. Geochronological data indicate that the formation of intrusive complexes (granitoids and gabbroids) of West Sayan ranged within 580–370 Ma at several age levels and in various geodynamic environments: island-arc – 580–570, 550–520 Ma, accretion-collision – 505–450 Ma, transform-shear of continental margins – 440–430 Ma, and active continental margin – 425–370 Ma. According to petrochemical characteristics, we distinguish the rocks of tholeiitic, calc-alkali and subalkaline series among the studied granitoid complexes. The study of xenogenic zircons from granitoid and gabbroid complexes indicate the age range of 650–440 Ma. Several age clusters are distinguished (~ 645, ~ 570, 555–520, 505–475, 455–440 Ma); this indicates heterogeneous composition of the West Sayan crust and participation of the Late Riphean, Vendian – Early Cambrian and Ordovician crust sources in granite formation.
Reconfiguration of four-degree limited Laman graphs
Authors: Trinh Hoang Minh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This paper considers the problem of expanding and reducingLamangraphs, of which each vertex has at most four neighbors. To this end, several simple algorithms which can be repeatedly applied to construct or degenerate a given four-degree limitedLamangraph are proposed. The correctness of the proposed algorithms is asserted based onLaman’scriterion. The applicability and impacts of these algorithms are also discussed.
Estimating the burden of common mental disorders attributable to lifestyle factors: Protocol for the Global burden of disease Lifestyle And mental Disorder (GLAD) Project
Authors: Ashtree Deborah N , Orr Rebecca , Lane Melissa M , Akbaraly Tasnime , Bonaccio Marialaura , Costanzo Simona , Gialluisi Alessandro , Grosso Giuseppe , Lassale Camille , Martini Daniela , Monasta Lorenzo , Santomauro Damian F , Stanaway Jeffrey , Jacka Felice N , O’Neil Adrienne 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides critical evidence that guides local, regional, and global public health decisions. A key feature of the GBD is the collection and calculation of risk-outcome data for modifiable lifestyle exposures (e.g. dietary intake) and physical health outcomes (e.g. cancers). Despite evidence showing the contributions of these same lifestyle exposures to common mental disorders (CMDs), such as depression and anxiety, the GBD does not currently generate these lifestyle exposure-CMD outcome pairings. This gap is due to a lack of uniformly collected and analysed data about these exposures as they relate to CMDs. Such data are required to quantify whether, and to what degree, the global burden of CMDs could be reduced by targeting lifestyle factors at regional and global levels. We have established the Global burden of disease Lifestyle And mental Disorder (GLAD) Taskforce to address this gap. Our primary aim is to generate the necessary estimates to afford inclusion of lifestyle exposures as risk factors for CMDs in future GBD studies, initially focusing on the relationship between dietary intake and CMDs.Methods The GLAD Project is a multi-centre, collaborative effort to integrate lifestyle exposures as risk factors for CMDs in the GBD study. To achieve this aim, global epidemiological studies will be recruited to conduct harmonised data analyses estimating the risk, odds or hazards of lifestyle exposures with CMD outcomes. Initially, these models will focus on the relationship between dietary intake, as defined by the GBD and anxiety and depression. Results from individual member studies will then be meta-analysed and used to inform the GBD study.Discussion Our comprehensive, collaborative approach allows for concurrent execution of a harmonized statistical analysis protocol across multiple, internationally-renowned epidemiolgical cohorts. Consequently, given the worldwide influence of the GBD study, findings from the GLAD Project can offer valuable insights to policymakers around the globe around lifestyle-based mental health care.Registraton The GLAD Project and the following methods have been prospectively registered on Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZBG6X)
Hand disinfection in inpatient geriatric care: Superiority study in a parallel group design of cold plasma aerosol versus alcohol-based disinfection methods
Authors: Tischendorf Tim , Schaal Tom , Schmelz Ulrich 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
In the 19th century, basic hygiene measures were introduced in the healthcare sector, which reduced mortality rates. Modern advances such as alcohol-based sanitizers have improved hand hygiene, although it often becomes neglected in nursing facilities. Studies show low staff compliance rates, leading to high cross-infection rates. New approaches such as cold plasma hand disinfection could offer promising alternatives by minimizing skin damage and offering economic benefits. The current investigation aims to comparatively assess the disinfectant efficacy of the cold plasma aerosol under practical application conditions, in comparison with an alcoholic hand disinfectant listed in the Association for Applied Hygiene list.
Methods
The microbial density on the participants' hands was measured, and the spontaneous occurrence of fecal indicators and the presence of potentially infectious bacteria were also investigated. A t-test for independent samples was performed to test whether the two cohorts differed significantly from each other regarding the research question.
Results
Statistical analysis showed that the mean log colony forming unit values were significantly lower in the test cohort using only the cold plasma method for hand disinfection than in the cohort using only conventional alcohol-based hand disinfection. Furthermore, it could be shown that, in contrast to alcohol-based hand disinfection, cold plasma application ensures effective elimination of Staphylococcus aureus.
Discussion
The results show that staff using plasma disinfection have an average bacterial density that is 0.65 log units lower than the bacterial density on hands with regular use of alcohol-based hand disinfection. In addition to the effectiveness of cold plasma disinfection, superiority over alcohol-based hand disinfection was also demonstrated. In addition to economic and logistical benefits, cold plasma disinfection also offers added health benefits as, unlike alcohol-based hand disinfection, it does not cause any damage to the skin.
Integrating climate-resilient agricultural practices along national interprovincial road: Case study from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen-Anh Tuan , Nguyen-Thi-Lan Huong , Dang-Trung Tuyen , Nguyen-Thi-Thuy Linh , Pham-Thi Linh , Dao-Viet Anh , To-The Nguyen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study attempted to explore farmers’ adaptation decisions and assess the determinants of these adaptation strategies by using the multivariate probit model. A survey of 350 Vietnamese agricultural households was carried out covering districts with and without national interprovincial road traversing in Northwest and North Central Coast region. Five adaptation practices (new technology application, cropping calendar adjustment, implementation of soil preservation, crops and livestock diversification, and households’ income management) were deemed as outcome variables, and fifteen variables were deployed as explanatory variables. The results indicate a significant difference in the application of agricultural adaptation methods related to the geographical location of provinces in connection with inter-provincial highways. Additionally, perceived risks about existence of climate change, accessibility of microcredit, and temperature, were found to be more influential compared to other factors. All five adaptation options were found to be complimentary to each other. Importantly, the intensity of the impact of dependent variables in different practices, and for the available adaptation options, were found to be unequal. This study, therefore, suggested that policies on adaptation strategies should be taken into consideration while credit for households should be supported and encouraged by the governments and relevant governmental agencies.
Active electron cooling of graphene
Authors: Paolucci Federico , Bianco Federica , Giazotto Francesco , Roddaro Stefano 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In the emergent field of quantum technology, the ability to manage heat at the nanoscale and in cryogenic conditions is crucial for enhancing device performance in terms of noise, coherence, and sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate the active cooling and refrigeration of the electron gas in graphene, by taking advantage of nanoscale superconductive tunnel contacts able to pump or extract heat directly from the electrons in the device. Our structures achieved a top cooling of electrons in graphene of ∼15mK at a bath temperature of ∼450 mK, demonstrating the viability of the proposed device architecture. Our experimental findings are backed by a detailed thermal model that accurately replicated the observed behavior. Alternative cooling schemes and perspectives are discussed in light of the reported results. Finally, graphene electron cooling could find application in superconducting hybrid quantum technologies, such as radiation detectors, logic gates and qubits.
Aspergillus flavus as an Entomopathogen Infecting Diaphania indica and Control Efficacy Across Different Developmental Stages
Authors: Askar mofeed Abdelhamed Aboelhassan , Chen Chen , Borham Ali , Chen Xijun , Ling Huangui , SU Honghua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most important pests infesting many cucurbitaceous vegetables. During the rearing of insect eggs, we observed a fungal infection of these insect eggs. The fungus produces aflatoxins which are considered secondary polyketide metabolites, which cause the death of pests. Therefore, this work aimed to isolate and identify this fungus by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA, as well as evaluating the efficiency of this fungus in control. Aspergillus flavus, 'PP125556,' showcased robust pathogenicity against a range of D. indica pests. The results showed that colonies of 'PP125556' cultivated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) exhibited distinctive morphological characteristics, transitioning from pristine white to verdant green. Bioassays demonstrated concentration-dependent mortality rates of D. indica larvae and adults when exposed to varying concentrations of 'PP125556' conidia, with the highest concentration (1x109 conidia/ml) inducing significant death with the highest mortality (53.06% for eggs, 70.57% for larvae, and 86.65% for adults). Furthermore, examination under a stereomicroscope revealed conspicuous external symptoms in infected larvae, including reduced mobility, darkened body pigmentation, and the emergence of white hyphae, indicative of mortality. Additionally, infected eggs exhibited inhibited hatching and the emergence of green hyphae, while infected adults displayed mortality and white hyphae colonization, underscoring the potent biocontrol efficacy of A. flavus 'PP125556' against D. indica across diverse developmental stages.
Selective engagement of prefrontal VIP neurons in reversal learning
Authors: Jung Min Whan , Yi Jee , Yoon Young Ju , Jeong Huijeong , Choe Seo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

To gain insights into neural mechanisms enabling behavioral adaptations to complex and multidimensional environmental dynamics, we examined roles of VIP neurons in mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in probabilistic reversal learning. Behaviorally, manipulating VIP neuronal activity left probabilistic classical conditioning unaffected but severely impaired reversal learning. Physiologically, conditioned cue-associated VIP neuronal responses changed abruptly after encountering an unexpected reward. They also conveyed strong reward prediction error signals during behavioral reversal, but not before or after, unlike pyramidal neurons which consistently conveyed error signals throughout all phases. Furthermore, the signal’s persistence across trials correlated with reversal learning duration. These results suggest that mPFC VIP neurons play crucial roles in rapid reversal learning, but not in incremental cue-outcome association learning, by monitoring significant deviations from ongoing environmental contingency and imposing error-correction signals during behavioral adjustments. These findings shed light on the intricate cortical circuit dynamics underpinning behavioral flexibility in complex, multifaceted environments.
Pedicled Gracilis Flap for Scrotal Reconstruction Following Fournier’s Gangrene. Literature Review and Technical Notes.
Authors: ANDRESEN-LORCA BELÉN , SÁNCHEZ-GARCÍA ALBERTO , HEREDIA-ALCALDE IVÁN , TRAPERO ANA , ALVEDRO-RUIZ PEDRO , PÉREZ-DEL-CAZ MARÍA DOLORES 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Scrotal reconstruction is needed in response to multiple conditions, such as Fournier’s Gangrene. In this scenario, thorough debridement is necessary in order to achieve definite healing, the next step being scrotal reconstruction, for which a search for optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes should be the norm. In the authors’ experience, the bilateral pedicled gracilis flap allows for the meeting of these standards.Objective: To revise the published literature on scrotal reconstruction using pedicled gracilis flaps after Fournier’s Gangrene, collecting data on defect size, reconstructive method and complication rates, followed by a detailed description of the technique, in which the authors share some technical notes and present a one-year follow-up case.Design, setting and participants: We conducted a systematic review on the published literature following PRISMA2020 recommendations, which yielded 9 studies. We analyse them for collection of previously defined variables and share the case of one patient, in order to compare our experience with the published literature.Results: Nine studies including 30 patients were analysed in our review. The mean age was 45.99 and mean defect size 12.25 cm x 11.5 cm. For 16 of these patients, a musculo-cutaneous flap was used, whereas in the other 14 muscle flaps were elevated and then grafted. There were no reports of flap failure or major complications in any of the studies.Conclusions: The pedicled gracilis flap is an excellent option for scrotal reconstruction following Fournier’s Gangrene. It provides optimal coverage and allows for a functional and aesthetic reconstruction.
Three-year cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular adverse events in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small cell lymphocytic lymphoma treated with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors acalabrutinib or ibrutinib: a real-world analysis
Authors: Nunes Rafael Amorim Belo , Avezum Álvaro , Marques Mariana de Oliveira , Baiocchi Otavio Cesar Carvalho Guimarães , Bachour Philip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors play an important role in targeted treatment of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. However, adverse events may limit the proper course of treatment in many patients. The purpose of this study is to compare the risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular adverse events in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small cell lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) treated with the first-generation BTK inhibitor ibrutinib versus second-generation acalabrutinib, using real-world data from a collaborative multinational network.
Methods
We used data from the network (TriNetX), which encompasses more than 100 healthcare organizations worldwide. We queried the database for patients aged ≥ 18 years with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small-cell lymphomas treated with ibrutinib or acalabrutinib in the past 10 years before the analysis. We used propensity score matching to balance the cohorts. The 3-year cumulative incidences and hazard ratios for the following outcomes were calculated: atrial flutter or fibrillation, other arrhythmias, heart failure, ischemic stroke or peripheral embolism, acute coronary syndrome, bleeding, and sepsis.
Results
We compared 2,107 patients in each group. The 3-year incidences of atrial fibrillation or flutter in the acalabrutinib and ibrutinib groups were 7.11% and 14.78%, respectively, with a lower ratio in patients treated with acalabrutinib than in those treated with ibrutinib (hazard ratio, HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55–0.84). New-onset hypertension occurred during 3-year follow-up in 16.29% of patients in the acalabrutinib group versus 27.8% in the ibrutinib group (HR 0,81, 95% CI 0.66–0.98). The incidence of sepsis was 6.49% in patients treated with acalabrutinib versus 11.37% of those treated with the ibrutinib group (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60–0.98). The two groups had no significant differences concerning the other adverse events.
Conclusions
In a large retrospective cohort using real-world data from electronic medical registers, patients with CLL or SLL treated with acalabrutinib had a better cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular safety profile than those treated with ibrutinib, with lower risks of atrial flutter or fibrillation, new-onset arterial hypertension, and sepsis.
Practice and Outcomes of Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department : a retrospective observational study at a single institution in Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Ugyen , Wangdi Sherab , Levine Shankar , Tenzin Karma , Choeda Tshering , Yeshi Sonam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Airway management is a critical skill required in the Emergency Department (ED). We conducted an observational airway registry-based study to report the practice and outcome of endotracheal intubations in the ED at a national hospital in Thimphu.
Methods: All patients who were intubated in the ED and recorded on the registry data form between May 2020 to November 2022 were studied. Variables such as indications, type of physician performing intubations, success rate, complications, medications, and disposition were captured. Descriptive analysis was presented in frequency and proportions.
Results: There were a total of 336 intubations during the study period.
First pass success rate was 87.80% and complication rate was 19.64%. 40 patients (11.90%) needed a second attempt and only 1 patient required a third attempt. Most intubations were performed by emergency medicine (EM) residents (54.17%), followed by medical officers (37.8%). Emergency Physician (EP) performed the least number of intubations, 27 (8.04%). 64.5% (n=217) patients received positive pressure ventilations during preoxygenation and 119 (35.42%) did not.
Conclusion: Physicians working in the ED are the primary airway provider. First pass success rate was 87.80%. 40 patients (11.90%) needed a second attempt and only 1 patient required a third attempt.