bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Seo Bo Mi , Choi Jiin , Chang Boksoon , Kim Bo-Guen , Park Tai Sun , Lee Hyun , Moon Ji-Yong , Kim Sang-Heon , Kim Tae-Hyung , Yoo Seung-Jin , Park Hae Jin , Yoon Ho Joo , Sohn Jang Won , Lee Seung Hyeun , Park Dong Won 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) undergoing definite chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). We included 87 patients with LS-SCLC from South Korea, treated between 2005 and 2019 with definite CRT. ALI was calculated using body mass index, serum albumin, and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio. We categorized 38 patients into the high ALI group (ALI ≥ 44.3) and 48 into the low ALI group (ALI < 44.3). Patients in the high ALI group exhibited longer overall survival (OS) than patients in the low ALI group. In multivariate analysis, prophylactic cranial irradiation (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.366, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20–0.66, P = 0.0008), and high ALI (HR = 0.475, 95% CI 0.27–0.84, P = 0.0103) were identified as independent prognostic factors for predicting better OS. Notably, a high ALI score was particularly indicative of longer survival in patients treated with the combination of etoposide and cisplatin. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that a high pretreatment ALI was significantly associated with better OS in patients with LS-SCLC undergoing definite CRT. This suggests that ALI could be a useful tool for predicting prognosis and guiding chemotherapy regimen selections in clinical practice for LS-SCLC.
Design of an integrable double-sided optoplasmonic gyroscope via a bent hybrid structure
Authors: Gholinejad Jalal , Abedi Kambiz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an optoplasmonic gyroscope that employs a novel bent-hybrid structure, and works double-sided. The proposed device is integrable without moving parts, and simply has a robust configuration. The detection mechanism is based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), and the sensor consists of a laser, a bent-metal layer, and a photo-detector (PD). Based on the simulations, the proposed gyroscope provides significant characteristics of a measurement range of ± 45000°/s, an optical sensitivity of 6.025 µ/(°/s), a total sensitivity of 2.41 µA/W(°/s), an ultra-high resolution ability of 16.598 µ°/s, and an accuracy of 99.999%. The dimensions are 5 × 5 × 5 µm3, and the measurement time is 1 ms. The operational wavelength is at visible range of λ = 630 nm. Additionally, the effects of various parameters, including metal material, metal thickness, and laser wavelength, on the gyroscope performance are comprehensively studied.
An investigation of methods to enhance adhesion of conductive layer and dielectric substrate for additive manufacturing of electronics
Authors: Xu Zhiguang , Hui Jizhuang , Lv Jingxiang , Wei Dongjie , Yan Zhiqiang , Zhang Hao , Wang Junjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of conductive layers on a dielectric substrate has garnered significant interest due to its promise to produce printed electronics efficiently and its capability to print on curved substrates. A considerable challenge encountered is the conductive layer’s potential peeling due to inadequate adhesion with the dielectric substrate, which compromises the durability and functionality of the electronics. This study strives to facilitate the binding force through dielectric substrate surface modification using concentrated sulfuric acid and ultraviolet (UV) laser treatment. First, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and nanoparticle silver ink were employed as the studied material. Second, the surface treatment of PEEK substrates was conducted across six levels of sulfuric acid exposure time and eight levels of UV laser scanning velocity. Then, responses such as surface morphology, roughness, elemental composition, chemical bonding characteristics, water contact angle, and surface free energy (SFE) were assessed to understand the effects of these treatments. Finally, the nanoparticle silver ink layer was deposited on the PEEK surface, and the adhesion force measured using a pull-off adhesion tester. Results unveiled a binding force of 0.37 MPa on unmodified surface, which escalated to 1.99 MPa with sulfuric acid treatment and 2.21 MPa with UV laser treatment. Additionally, cross-approach treatment investigations revealed that application sequence significantly impacts results, increasing binding force to 2.77 MPa. The analysis further delves into the influence mechanism of the surface modification on the binding force, elucidating that UV laser and sulfuric acid surface treatment methods hold substantial promise for enhancing the binding force between heterogeneous materials in the additive manufacturing of electronics.
Exploring cognitive reserve’s influence: unveiling the dynamics of digital telerehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease Resilience
Authors: Isernia Sara , Di Tella Sonia , Rossetto Federica , Borgnis Francesca , Realdon Olivia , Cabinio Monia , Pagliari Chiara , Torchio Alessandro , Castagna Anna , Blasi Valeria , Silveri Maria Caterina , Baglio Francesca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTelerehabilitation is emerging as a promising digital method for delivering rehabilitation to Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, especially in the early stages to promote brain resilience. This study explores how cognitive reserve (CR), the brain’s ability to withstand aging and disease, impacts the effectiveness of telerehabilitation. It specifically examines the influence of lifelong cognitive activities on the relationship between neural reserve and improved functional abilities following rehabilitation. In the study, 42 PD patients underwent a 4-month neuromotor telerehabilitation program. CR proxies were assessed using the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq), brain changes via 3T-MRI, and functional response through changes in the 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD). Participants were divided into responders (n = 23) and non-responders (n = 19) based on their 6MWD improvement. A multiple regression model was run to test significant predictors of 6MWD after treatment in each group. The results revealed a significant correlation between 6MWD and CRIq scores, but only among responders. Notably, the CRIq Leisure-Time sub-index, along with baseline 6MWD, were predictors of post-treatment 6MWD. These findings highlight CR’s role in enhancing the benefits of telerehabilitation on PD patients’ neuromotor functions. Clinically, these results suggest that neurologists and clinicians should consider patients’ lifestyles and cognitive engagement as important factors in predicting and enhancing the outcomes of telerehabilitation. The study underscores the potential of CR as both a predictor and booster of telerehabilitation’s effects, advocating for a personalized approach to PD treatment that takes into account individual CR levels.
Enhanced reliability in hazardous event detection: A resilient multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Üveges Bálint Áron , Oláh András 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the advance of climate change and the local effects of human activity, it has become of utmost importance to sense spatially extended natural and artificial physical phenomena to predict, monitor, and mitigate hazardous events. Wireless sensor networks are suitable for observing such phenomena, for example, wildfires, floods or landslides, without human supervision. This is due to affordable devices, independent power sources, wireless communication, and a broad range of sensors. During normal operation a few, while during the occurrence of an event a multitude of devices can fail. This leads to further disconnected devices, degrading the network's sensing capabilities. The communication requirements of such applications are difficult to fulfil with general routing protocols. The monitored event is rare compared to the network's lifetime, while its occurrence results in multiple, gradual node failures, still demanding the network to perform reliably. Available routing protocols fail to address every aspect of such application, thus the authors propose the Reliable Resilient Multipath Routing Protocol, designed to construct multiple disjoint paths from each device to a distinguished one, called the sink. The protocol employs proactive and reactive network management techniques to increase connection redundancy and maintain connectivity during failures. To verify the proposed protocol end‐to‐end, we evaluated the supported parameters, performed comparative simulations with routing algorithms known from the literature, and provided estimates of a realistic deployment.
Variations of light curves and broad emission lines for periodic QSOs from co-rotating supermassive binary black holes in elliptical orbits
Authors: Ge Junqiang , Lu Youjun , Yan Changshuo , Liu Jifeng 
Published: May 2024

Context. Periodic quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) are considered as candidates of supermassive binary black hole (BBH) systems in galactic centers. The periodicity of their light curves can be interpreted as being due to the Doppler boosting caused by the rotation of the two black holes (BHs). Further confirmation of these candidates may require different lines of observational evidence.
Aims. Assuming the Doopler boosting scenario, in this paper we investigate the (coherent) variations of broad emission lines (BELs) and continuum light curves for active BBH systems surrounded by a circumbinary broad-line region (cBLR) and focus on their dependence on the eccentric orbital configuration.
Methods. We calculated the variation of continuum light according to the motion of BBHs on elliptical orbits, with simplified orbital orientation for demonstration, the Doppler enhanced or weakened photoionization of each BLR cloud by the central BBH sources and its variation by assuming a shifted Γ-distribution of BLR clouds for a simple BLR geometry, and finally obtain the coherent variation of the continuum and the BELs.
Results. We find that the amplitude and variation pattern of the continuum light curves and the evolution of the BEL profiles both sensitively depend on the eccentric orbital configuration of BBH systems, especially when the eccentricity is high. If only the secondary BH is active, the variation amplitudes of continuum light curves and BELs both increase with increasing BBH inclination angles and orbital eccentricities, but decrease with increasing BBH mass ratio. If both BHs are active, the asymmetry in the ionization of BLR clouds at different areas caused by the Doppler boosting effect of the secondary BH is weakened due to that of the primary BH at the opposite direction, which leads to systematically smaller variation amplitudes of both continuum light curves and BELs compared with those in the cases where only secondary the BH is activated.
Conclusions. The coherent variations of the BEL profiles with the continuum light for those periodic QSOs provide an important way to confirm the existence of BBHs in their center. Future joint analysis of the light curves and multi-epoch observed BEL profiles for periodic QSOs may lead to the identification of a number of BBH systems.
A Blueprint for a Contemporary Storage Element, building a new WLCG storage system with widely available hardware and software components: Ceph, XRootD, and Prometheus
Authors: Jones Roger , Doidge Matt , Hand Gerard , Love Peter , Simpson Steven 
Published: May 2024

When a new long-term storage facility was needed at the Lancaster WLCG Tier-2 Site, an architecture was chosen involving CephFS as a failure-tolerant back-end volume, and load-balanced XRootD as an endpoint exposing the volume via the HTTPS/DAVS protocols increasingly favoured by the WLCG and other users. This allows operations to continue in the face of disc/node failures with minimal management, and enables good utilization of network connectivity for remote access.
We deployed a Prometheus/Loki/Grafana monitoring/alerting stack for timely detection and resolution of failures in such a production environment. Some custom scripts were required to adapt the off-the-shelf functional components with monitoring. With such a monitoring system in place, failures such as disc defects, data corruption and resource exhaustion in long-running processes can be anticipated, and their management planned.
We describe the hardware platform and our requirements on it, and detail the software architecture from initial design, through adaptations to face challenges encountered during production, to present condition. Developments and contributions to related projects that help to fully exploit our design decisions are described. We include performance metrics of the system, the lessons learned during production, and our future plans.
Calibration and Conditions Database of the ALICE experiment in Run 3
Authors: Dosaru Daniel-Florin , Grigoraş Costin , Mucha Rafał , Trzebuniak Michał 
Published: May 2024

The ALICE experiment at CERN has undergone a substantial detector, readout and software upgrade for the LHC Run 3. A signature part of the upgrade is the triggerless detector readout, which necessitates a real time lossy data compression from 1.1 TB/s to 100 GB/s performed on a GPU/CPU cluster of 250 nodes. To perform this compression, a significant part of the software, which traditionally is considered off-line, was moved to the front-end of the experiment data acquisition system, for example the detector tracking. This is the case also for the various configuration and conditions databases of the experiment, which are now replaced with a single homogeneous service, serving both the real-time compression, online data quality checks and the subsequent secondary data passes, Monte-Carlo simulation and data analysis.
The new service is called CCDB (for Calibration and Conditions Database). It receives, stores and distributes objects and their metadata, created from online detector calibration tasks and control systems, from offline (Grid) workflows or by users. CCDB propagates the new objects in real time to the Online cluster and asynchronously replicates all content to Grid storage elements for later access by Grid jobs or by collaboration members. The access to the metadata and objects is done via a REST API and a ROOT-based C++ client interface which streamlines the interaction with this service from compiled code while plain curl command line calls are a simple access alternative.
In this paper we will present the architecture and implementation details of the components that manage frequent updates of objects with millisecond-resolution intervals of validity and how we have achieved an independent operation of the Online cluster while also making all objects available to Grid computing nodes.
CERNBox: Storage gateway for CERN and beyond
Authors: Gonzalez Labrador Hugo , Del Monte Gianmaria , Ferrer Javier , Keeble Oliver 
Published: May 2024

The CERN IT Storage group ensures the coherent design, development, operation and evolution of storage and data management services at CERN for all aspects of physics, user and project data and general needs of the Laboratory. CERNBox is one of the services that actively contributes to this objective.
CERNBox is a cloud collaboration platform providing storage space (18PB) to users (37K accounts), projects (1.1K) and to LHC experiments (ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, ALICE) and other smaller experiments (33). We present the evolution of the platform from its humble origins 10 years ago and how the HEP landscape has influenced the expansion of the service to continue satisfying the ever growing demand of our users. We describe the challenges and opportunities presented by integrating a sync and share solution (ownCloud) with CERN’s custodial storage solution (EOS) and how this stack boosted a coherent integration with analysis farms (LXBATCH), Linux (LXPLUS) and Windows (TS) interactive clusters and Web analysis facilities (SWAN). We then turn to the part CERNBox has played in consolidation efforts in the IT department (DFS, AFS) and in providing end-users with a portfolio of applications (ROOT, CAD, MS365) while guaranteeing a maximum level of privacy.
We conclude by presenting the future of the service with its heterogeneous storage federation capabilities (EOSHOMEs, EOSPROJECTs, EOSATLAS, CEPHFS) and WLCG transfer mechanisms (WebDAV TPC).
Data Popularity for Cache Eviction Algorithms using Random Forests
Authors: Chuchuk Olga , Schulz Markus 
Published: May 2024

In the HEP community the prediction of Data Popularity is a topic that has been approached for many years. Nonetheless, while facing increasing data storage challenges, especially in the upcoming HL-LHC era, there is still the need for better predictive models to answer the questions of whether particular data should be kept, replicated, or deleted.
Caches have proven to be a convenient technique for partially automating storage management, potentially eliminating some of these questions. On the one hand, one can benefit even from simple cache eviction policies like LRU, on the other hand, we show that incorporation of knowledge about future access patterns has the potential to greatly improve cache performance.
In this paper, we study data popularity on the file level, where the special relation between files belonging to the same dataset could be used in addition to the standard attributes. We turn to Machine Learning algorithms, such as Random Forest, which is well suited to work with Big Data: it can be parallelized, is more lightweight and easier to interpret than Deep Neural Networks. Finally, we compare the results with standard cache eviction algorithms and the theoretical optimum.
Efficient interface to the GridKa tape storage system
Authors: Musheghyan Haykuhi , Petzold Andreas , Ressmann Doris , Konstantinov Preslav , Lobontu Dorin-Daniel , Gottmann Artur , Ambroj Pérez Samuel , Mol Xavier 
Published: May 2024

Providing high performance and reliable tape storage system is GridKa’s top priority. The GridKa tape storage system was recently migrated from IBM SP to High Performance Storage System (HPSS) for LHC and non-LHC HEP experiments. These are two different tape backends and each has its own design and specifics that need to be studied thoroughly. Taking into account the features and characteristics of HPSS, a new approach has been developed for flushing and staging files to and from tape storage system. This new approach allows better optimized and efficient flush and stage operations and leads to a substantial improvement in the overall performance of the GridKa tape storage system. The efficient interface that was developed to use IBM SP is now adapted to the HPSS use-case to connect the access point from experiments to the tape storage system.
This contribution provides details on these changes and the results of the Tape Challenge 2022 within the new HPSS tape storage configuration.
Enabling Storage Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery with Ceph distributed storage
Authors: Bocchi Enrico , Lekshmanan Abhishek , Valverde Roberto , Goggin Zachary 
Published: May 2024

The Storage Group in the CERN IT Department operates several Ceph storage clusters with an overall capacity exceeding 100 PB. Ceph is a crucial component of the infrastructure delivering IT services to all the users of the Organization as it provides: i) Block storage for OpenStack, ii) CephFS, used as persistent storage by containers (OpenShift and Kubernetes) and as shared filesystems by HPC clusters and iii) S3 object storage for cloud-native applications, monitoring and software distribution across the WLCG.
The Ceph infrastructure at CERN is being rationalized and restructured to allow for the implementation of a Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery plan. In this paper, we give an overview of how we transitioned from a single cluster providing block storage to multiple ones, enabling Storage Availability zones, and how block storage backups can be achieved. We also illustrate future plans for file systems backups through cback,a restic-based scalable orchestrator, and how S3 implements data immutability and provides a highly available, Multi-Data Centre object storage service.
Exploring Future Storage Options for ATLAS at the BNL/SDCC facility
Authors: Huang Qiulan , Garonne Vincent , Hancock Robert , Gamboa Carlos , Misawa Shigeki , Liu Zhenping 
Published: May 2024

The ATLAS experiment is expected to deliver an unprecedented amount of scientific data in the High Luminosity(HL-LHC) era. As the demand for disk storage capacity in ATLAS continues to rise steadily, the BNL Scientific Data and Computing Center (SDCC) faces challenges in terms of cost implications for maintaining multiple disk copies and adapting to the coming ATLAS storage requirements. To address these challenges, the SDCC Storage team has undertaken a thorough analysis of the ATLAS experiment’s requirements, matching them to suitable storage options and strategies, and has explored alternatives to enhance or replace the current storage solution.
This paper aims to present the main challenges encountered while supporting big data experiments such as ATLAS. We describe the experiment’s specific requirements and priorities, particularly focusing on the critical storage system characteristics of the high-luminosity run and how the key storage components provided by the Storage team work together: the dCache disk storage system; its archival back-end, HPSS; and its OS-level backend Storage. Specifically, we investigate a novel approach to integrate Lustre and XRootD. In this setup, Lustre serves as backend storage and XRootD acts as an access layer frontend, supporting various grid access protocols. Additionally, we also describe the validation and commissioning tests, including the performance comparison between dCache and XRootd. Furthermore, we provide a performance and cost analysis comparing OpenZFS and LINUX MD RAID, evaluate different storage software stacks, and showcase stress tests conducted to validate Third Party Copy (TPC) functionality.
Flexible, robust and minimal-overhead Event Data Model for track reconstruction in ACTS
Authors: Gessinger Paul 
Published: May 2024

ACTS (A Common Tracking Software) is an experiment independent toolkit for track reconstruction, which is designed from the ground up for thread-safety and high performance. It is built to accommodate different experiment deployment scenarios, and also serves as community platform for research and development of new approaches and algorithms.
The Event Data Model (EDM) is a critical piece of the tracking library that is visible to clients. Until this point, ACTS was mostly focused on an internal EDM, targeting data interchange various components in the toolkit. This contribution reports on a new and improved client EDM for ACTS. For an experiment-agnostic toolkit like ACTS, this requires strong abstractions of potentially experiment-specific details, including event context data like sensor alignments, and tracking inputs like measurements. By applying similar abstraction strategies, the presented EDM can be an expressive, low-overhead abstraction over experiment-specific backends, and seamlessly integrates into an experiment framework and IO model.
The presented EDM includes the ACTS track class, the main data type which tracking clients interact with. It is designed to be interfaced with different IO backends, and also flexible enough to support dynamic information required by various track fitters. At the same time, careful design ensures it can seamlessly serve as a key data object in experiment reconstruction data flows.
In this contribution, the interaction of this centerpiece of the example workflows in ACTS with the standalone ROOT IO, as well as the integration with the EDM4hep package will be shown, and key performance characteristics discussed.