bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seventeen Years’ Experience of Penile Fracture: Conservative vs. Surgical Treatment
Authors: Yapanoglu Turgut , Aksoy Yilmaz , Adanur Senol , Kabadayi Barış , Ozturk Gurkan , Ozbey Isa 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile fracture is the rupture of the tunica of one or both corpora cavernosa due to direct blunt trauma to the erected penis. Partial or complete rupture of the urethra or injury to the deep dorsal vein may accompany penile fracture.

Aim
To compare conservative and surgical treatment modalities in terms of duration of hospitalization, early and late complications such as penile nodule and curvature, erectile dysfunction, and painful erection.

Main Outcome Measures
Treatment results and complications in two groups were evaluated with history and physical examination, and International Index of Erectile Function-5 Questionnaire was used for erectile function assessement.

Methods
The charts of 42 men diagnosed with penile fracture were retrospectively reviewed, and two treatment modalities were compared: conservative (Group I) and surgical (Group II).

Results
Between 1991 and 2008, a total of 42 patients with penile fracture were followed in our clinic for a mean of 18 months (range: 6–30 months). Five men who refused surgical treatment were treated conservatively, and the other 37 patients underwent surgical treatment. In Group II, the most common complication was painful erection (in 4 of 37 patients, 10.8 %), whereas in Group I, 80 % (4/5 patients) suffered complications such as wound infection, painful erection, penile nodule and curvature, and erectile dysfunction.

Conclusion
Diagnosis of penile fracture can be based on history and physical examination; diagnostic tests such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are generally not required. Fractures must be repaired either immediately or delayed. Because management with emergency surgical repair is the most effective approach, with the lowest complication rate, surgical treatment should be preferred compared to a conservative approach.
Emotional Intelligence and its Association with Orgasmic Frequency in Women
Authors: Burri Andrea V. , Cherkas Lynn M. , Spector Tim D. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Up to 30% of women suffer from female orgasmic disorder (FOD)—the second most common type of female sexual dysfunction. FOD has been acknowledged to be multifactorial and recent research has implicated the importance of psychosocial risk factors.

Aim
The aim of this study is to investigate whether normal variations in emotional intelligence—the ability to identify and manage emotions of one’s self and others—are associated with orgasmic frequency during intercourse and masturbation. To our knowledge, this is the first such study in a large unselected population.

Methods
A total of 2035 women from the TwinsUK registry completed questionnaires relating to emotional intelligence and sexual behavior. Global emotional intelligence was measured using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire—Short Form (TEIQue-SF). Orgasmic frequency was assessed using two self-constructed questions.

Main Outcome Measures
Using Spearman’s rank correlation and quartile logistic regression, we investigated whether variations in emotional intelligence are associated with female orgasmic frequency during intercourse and masturbation.

Results
Emotional intelligence was not associated with the potential confounders of age and years of education, nor did we find a significant association between emotional intelligence and potential risk factors for FOD such as age, body mass index, physical or sexual abuse, or menopause. We found emotional intelligence to be positively correlated with both frequency of orgasm during intercourse (r = 0.13, P &lt; 0.001) and masturbation (r = 0.23, P &lt; 0.001). Women in the lowest quartile of emotional intelligence had an approximate twofold increased risk of infrequent orgasm (Intercourse = odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–3.9; Masturbation = [OR] 1.8, [CI] 1.3–2.5).

Conclusion
Low emotional intelligence seems to be a significant risk factor for low orgasmic frequency. Consideration of this behavioral risk factor may need to be incorporated into research into FOD and possible treatment approaches.
Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetic Overview of Low-Dose Daily Administration of Tadalafil
Authors: Wrishko Rebecca , Sorsaburu Sebastian , Wong David , Strawbridge Andrew , McGill James 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Several phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are commercially available for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Development of the first once-daily alternative dosing regimen with a PDE5 inhibitor was motivated by the behavioral complexities associated with sexual intimacy.

Aim
To provide an alternative dosing option for certain men who may benefit from the removal of the temporal linkage between administration of an ED therapy and sexual intimacy or for men and their partners who anticipate at least twice-weekly sexual activity.

Methods
Pharmacokinetic predictions of tadalafil plasma concentrations were generated based upon empirical data following 20-mg, single-dose administration coupled with tadalafil usage patterns from as-needed clinical trials. To support the pharmacokinetic simulations and pharmacodynamic assumptions, clinical trials were conducted to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of once-daily, low-dose tadalafil 2.5 and 5 mg.

Main Outcome Measures
Simulated tadalafil plasma concentrations and comparison with safety and efficacy measures from clinical trials.

Results
Based upon pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data, once-daily doses of tadalafil 5 mg were predicted to provide therapeutic concentrations that would be maintained throughout the 24-hour dosing interval. Additionally, for a subgroup of men who anticipate at least twice-weekly sexual activity and are currently taking tadalafil 20 mg, a reduction in daily tadalafil exposure was predicted. To support the hypothesis that low-dose, once-daily tadalafil may be a safe and effective treatment alternative, clinical trials were conducted to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of once-daily tadalafil 2.5 and 5 mg. These results were similar to those of historical as-needed studies evaluating tadalafil 10 and 20 mg.

Conclusions
Consistent with pharmacokinetic predictions, data from clinical trials indicate that once-daily use of low-dose tadalafil is a safe and effective treatment for men with ED.
Abdominal Obesity and Physical Inactivity Are Associated with Erectile Dysfunction Independent of Body Mass Index
Authors: Janiszewski Peter M. , Janssen Ian , Ross Robert 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common among men with an elevated body mass index (BMI). However, a high waist circumference (WC) and low levels of physical activity may predict ED independently of BMI.

Aim
We investigated the independent relationships between BMI, WC, and physical activity with ED.

Methods
Subjects consisted of 3,941 adult men (age ≥ 20 years) with no history of prostate cancer from the 2001–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relative odds of ED association with categories of BMI, WC, and physical activity.

Main Outcome Measures
Established thresholds were used to divide subjects into three WC and BMI categories. Physical activity level was divided into active (≥150 min/week), moderately active (30–149 min/week), and inactive (&lt;30 min/week) categories. A single survey question was used to assess the presence of ED.

Results
After control for potential confounders, men with either a high WC or an obese BMI had an approximately 50% higher odds of having ED compared with men with a low WC or a normal BMI, respectively. Further, moderately active or inactive men had an approximately 40–60% greater odds of ED compared with active men. When all three predictors (WC, BMI, and physical activity level) were entered into the same logistic regression model, both a high WC and low physical activity level (moderately active and inactive) were independently associated with a greater odds of ED, whereas BMI level was not.

Conclusion
Maintaining a WC level below 102 cm and achieving the recommended amount of moderate-intensity physical activity (≥150 min/week) is associated with the maintenance of proper erectile function, regardless of BMI level. These findings suggest that the clinical screening for ED risk should include the assessment of WC and physical activity level in addition to BMI.
The Sociolinguistics of Ethnicity in New York City
Authors: Becker Kara , Coggshall Elizabeth L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews the vast literature from sociolinguistics on ethnicity in New York City. Prior work falls into two camps: first, early work in dialectology on New York City English that often erased ethnic distinctions and presented a homogenous, white city; and second, later work investigating minority ethnic groups, often speakers of Languages Other than English. Here we summarize both threads of work, and suggest that the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, which significantly changed the composition of immigrants in New York City, marks a turning point from work concerned with whites to that concerned with other ethnic groups. We also promote newer conceptions of ethnicity that view it as a fluid category concerned with the construction and/or destruction of boundaries. New York City's tremendous ethnolinguistic diversity makes it a unique site for explorations into ethnic identity practices.
Rich Sensitivities: An Analysis of Conflict Among Women in Feminist Memoir*
Authors: TAYLOR JUDITH 
Published: April 2009

Alors que le mouvement nord‐américain des femmes est surtout connu pour ses efforts en vue de transformer les relations sociales entre les femmes et les hommes, ses partisanes ont également mis l'accent sur la reformulation des relations entre les femmes. Utilisant une source de données novatrice, les mémoires du mouvement social, l'auteure souligne la profondeur de la déception que les féministes s'infligent les unes aux autres. Les mémorialistes débattent des notions provenant du mouvement et du courant principal voulant que les femmes soient compétentes socialement. Cet article présente le concept d'«idéation relationnelle» pour décrire la façon dont les mémorialistes féministes analysent d'une manière critique la compréhension de la socialité des femmes tenue pour acquise et aiguisent leurs désirs d'une nouvelle éthique sociale entre elles.While the North American women's movement is most known for its efforts to transform social relations between women and men, its adherents have also focused on remaking relations among women. Using an innovative data source, social movement memoir, this paper indicates the depth of disappointment feminists cause one another. Memoirists dispute notions found in the movement and mainstream that women are socially capable. The paper offers the concept “relational ideation” to describe the way feminist memoirists critically examine taken for granted understandings of women's sociality and amplify their desires for a new social ethic among them.
Canadian Family Physicians and Complementary/Alternative Medicine: The Role of Practice Setting, Medical Training, and Province of Practice*
Authors: HIRSCHKORN KRISTINE A. , ANDERSEN ROBERT , BOURGEAULT IVY L. 
Published: April 2009

Cette étude jette une certaine lumière sur la façon selon laquelle les médecins de famille canadiens offrent des services de médecine douce et complémentaire (MDC) à leurs patients, et pourquoi ils le font. Les résultats des recherches des auteurs démontrent que les environnements organisationnels découragent les médecins d'offrir des services de MDC alors que les cliniques indépendantes y sont plus favorables. Les médecins formés dans les facultés de médecine francophones sont moins susceptibles que leurs collègues formés en anglais d'offrir de tels services, et ceux de Colombie‐Britannique sont les plus portés à le faire. Les différences interprovinciales ne semblent pas liées à la présence ou à l'absence de législation de « preuve négative », qui est considérée faciliter la fourniture de ces services par les médecins.The present study sheds some light on how and why Canadian family physicians offer complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) services to their patients. Our results suggest that organizational settings discourage physicians from offering CAM, while solo clinics are most conducive. Physicians trained in French‐language medical schools are less likely than their English‐language trained colleagues to offer CAM services, and those in British Columbia are the most likely to do so. Provincial differences do not appear to be related to the presence or absence of “negative proof” legislation that is considered to facilitate CAM provision by physicians.
In vivo role of FdhD and FdmE in formate metabolism in Pseudomonas putida: Redundancy and expression in the stationary phase
Authors: Roca Amalia , Ramos Juan L. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryIn Pseudomonas putida two open reading frames (ORFs) PP0257 and PP0492 were originally annotated as accessory formate dehydrogenase proteins. The ORF PP0492 (fdmD) is at the 3′ end of the ORF PP0489 through PP0491 operon that encodes one of the formate dehydrogenases of P. putida and it is transcribed with this operon preferentially at the stationary phase. The ORF PP0257 (fdhD) is unlinked to formate dehydrogenase clusters and, as to multi‐component formate dehydrogenases, PP0257 is also preferentially expressed in the stationary phase, although transcription can be mediated by either RpoD or RpoS. The transcriptional level of expression of fdhD increased in response to formaldehyde/formate or chemicals that yield these cited C1 compounds through their metabolism. In spite of these correlations, inactivation of PP0257 does not produce a significant effect on in vivo formate dehydrogenase activity, while inactivation of PP0492 leads to a 60% decrease in in vivo activity. These results suggest that redundancy in formaldehyde/formate metabolism in P. putida extends to the proteins involved in maturation/location of formate dehydrogenase complexes.
Modeling Forced
Convection in Finned Metal Foam Heat Sinks
Authors: DeGroot Christopher
T. , Straatman Anthony
G. , Betchen Lee
J. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A numerical study has been undertaken to explore the details of forced convection heat transfer in finned aluminum foam heat sinks. Calculations are made using a finite-volume computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code that solves for the flow and heat transfer in conjugate fluid/porous/solid domains. The results indicate that using unfinned blocks of porous aluminum results in low convective heat transfer due to the relatively low effective thermal conductivity of the porous aluminum. The addition of aluminum fins to the heat sink significantly enhances the heat transfer with only a moderate pressure drop penalty. The convective enhancement is maximized when thermal boundary layers between adjacent fins merge together and become nearly developed for much of the length of the heat sink. It is found that the heat transfer enhancement is due to increased heat entrainment into the aluminum foam by conduction. A model for the equivalent conductivity of the finned/foam heat sinks is developed using extended surface theory. This model is used to explain the heat transfer enhancement as an increase in equivalent conductivity of the device. The model is also shown to predict the heat transfer for various heat sink geometries based on a single CFD calculation to find the equivalent conductivity of the device. This model will find utility in characterizing heat sinks and in allowing for quick assessments of the effect of varying heat sink properties.
In- and Out-of-Plane
Vibrations of a Rotating Plate With Frictional Contact: Investigations on Squeal
Phenomena
Authors: Spelsberg-Korspeter Gottfried , Hochlenert Daniel , Kirillov Oleg
N. , Hagedorn Peter 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Rotating plates are used as a main component in various applications. Their vibrations are mainly unwanted and interfere with the functioning of the complete system. The present paper investigates the coupling of disk (in-plane) and plate (out-of-plane) vibrations of a rotating annular Kirchhoff plate in the presence of a distributed frictional loading on its surface. The boundary value problem is derived from the basics of the theory of elasticity using Kirchhoff’s assumptions. This results in precise information about the coupling between the disk and the plate vibrations under the action of frictional forces. At the same time we obtain a new model, which is efficient for analytical treatment. Approximations to the stability boundaries of the system are calculated using a perturbation approach. In the last part of the paper nonlinearities are introduced leading to limit cycles due to self-excited vibrations.
Nine-Hospital Study Comparing Broth Microdilution and Etest Method Results for Vancomycin and Daptomycin against Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sader Helio S. , Rhomberg Paul R. , Jones Ronald N. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Vancomycin and daptomycin MIC results for 1,800 randomly selected oxacillin (methicillin [meticillin])-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) bloodstream isolates from nine U.S. hospitals (collected from 2002 to 2006) were determined by a reference broth microdilution (BMD) method using frozen-form panels with precise incremental dilutions and by the Etest technique. The Etest provided vancomycin and daptomycin MIC results that were consistently higher (0.5 to 1.5 log
2
dilution steps) than those provided by the reference BMD method. The dominant MRSA population (91.2% of MRSA isolates) would be categorized as vancomycin nonsusceptible by the MIC results from the Etest method if the susceptibility breakpoint was adjusted downward to ≤1 μg/ml, as suggested by clinical outcome studies.
GS-9191 Is a Novel Topical Prodrug of the Nucleotide Analog 9-(2-Phosphonylmethoxyethyl)Guanine with Antiproliferative Activity and Possible Utility in the Treatment of Human Papillomavirus Lesions
Authors: Wolfgang Grushenka H. I. , Shibata Riri , Wang Jianying , Ray Adrian S. , Wu Sylvia , Doerrfler Edward , Reiser Hans , Lee William A. , Birkus Gabriel , Christensen Neil D. , Andrei Graciela , Snoeck Robert 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTGS-9191 is a novel double prodrug of the nucleotide analog 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)guanine (PMEG) designed as a topical agent to permeate skin and be metabolized to the active nucleoside triphosphate analog in the epithelial layer. The prodrug was shown to be metabolized intracellularly to 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-N6-cyclopropyl-2,6,diaminopurine (cPrPMEDAP) and subsequently deaminated to PMEG. The active form, PMEG diphosphate, was shown to be a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase α and ß while showing weaker activity against mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (50% enzyme inhibition observed at 2.5, 1.6, and 59.4 μM, respectively). GS-9191 was markedly more potent than PMEG or cPrPMEDAP in a series of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cell lines, with effective concentrations to inhibit 50% cell growth (EC50) as low as 0.03, 207, and 284 nM, respectively. In contrast, GS-9191 was generally less potent in non-HPV-infected cells and primary cells (EC50s between 1 and 15 nM). DNA synthesis was inhibited by GS-9191 within 24 h of treatment; cells were observed to be arrested in S phase by 48 h and to subsequently undergo apoptosis (between 3 and 7 days). In an animal model (cottontail rabbit papillomavirus), topical GS-9191 was shown to decrease the size of papillomas in a dose-related manner. At the highest dose (0.1%), cures were evident at the end of 5 weeks, and lesions did not recur in a 30-day follow-up period. These data suggest that GS-9191 may have utility in the treatment of HPV-induced lesions.
Epidemic Clonal Groups of
Escherichia coli
as a Cause of Antimicrobial-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections in Canada, 2002 to 2004
Authors: Johnson James R. , Menard Megan , Johnston Brian , Kuskowski Michael A. , Nichol Kim , Zhanel George G. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

The extent to which clonal spread contributes to emerging antimicrobial resistance in
Escherichia coli
is incompletely defined. To address this question within a recent, nationally representative strain collection, three established drug-resistant
E. coli
clonal groups (i.e., clonal group A,
E. coli
O15:K52:H1, and sequence type 131 [ST131]) were sought among 199
E. coli
urine isolates recovered from across Canada from 2002 to 2004, with stratification by resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TS) and fluoroquinolones (FQs). The isolates' clonal backgrounds, virulence genotypes, and macrorestriction profiles were assessed. The three clonal groups were found to account for 37.2% of isolates overall, but accounted for 0% of TS-susceptible (TS-S) and FQ-susceptible (FQ-S) isolates, 20% of TS-resistant (TS-R) and FQ-S isolates, 60% of TS-S and FQ-R isolates, and 68% of TS-R and FQ-R isolates (
P
< 0.001).
E. coli
ST131, the most prevalent clonal group, accounted for 23.1% of isolates overall and for 44% of the FQ-R isolates. Nearly all ST131 isolates were FQ-R (96%) but, notably, cephalosporin susceptible (98%). Although the distinctive virulence profiles of the FQ-R clonal group isolates were less extensive than those of the susceptible isolates, they were significantly more extensive than those of the other FQ-R isolates. These findings indicate that among the
E. coli
urine isolates studied, resistance to TS and FQs has a prominent clonal component, with the O15:K52:H1 clonal group and especially
E. coli
ST131 being the major contributors. These clonal groups appear to be more virulent than comparably resistant isolates, possibly contributing to their success as emerging multi-drug-resistant pathogens.
Integration of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Indices of Orbifloxacin in Beagle Dogs after a Single Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration
Authors: Gebru Elias , Lee Joong-Su , Chang Zhi-Qiang , Hwang Mi-Hyun , Cheng Henrique , Park Seung-Chun 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of orbifloxacin were studied in beagle dogs after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. An absolute bioavailability of 100.1% ± 4.76%, a terminal half-life of 4.23 ± 0.2 h and 3.95 ± 0.15 h after i.v. and i.m. administration, a steady-state volume of distribution of 1.61 ± 0.13 liters/kg, and clearance of 0.31 ± 0.03 liters/h/kg were observed. Orbifloxacin showed rapid, concentration-dependent killing against theEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus intermedius, andProteus mirabilisclinical isolates. Computations based on PK-PD analysis indicated that the recommended dose is unlikely to be clinically effective against some strains likeS. intermedius. Therefore, a higher dose of orbifloxacin would be worthy of consideration for treatment of certain bacterial infections in dogs.
Characterization of Cefoxitin-Resistant
Escherichia coli
Isolates from Recreational Beaches and Private Drinking Water in Canada between 2004 and 2006
Authors: Mataseje L. F. , Neumann N. , Crago B. , Baudry P. , Zhanel G. G. , Louie M. , Mulvey M. R. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

A total of 142 cefoxitin-resistant
Escherichia coli
isolates from water sources were collected across Canada. Multidrug resistance was observed in 65/142 (45.8%) isolates. The
bla
CMY-2
gene was identified in 110/142 (77.5%) isolates. Sequencing of the chromosomal
ampC
promoter region showed mutations from the wild type, previously shown to hyperproduce AmpC. CMY-2-producing plasmids predominantly belonged to replicon groups I1-Iγ, A/C, and K/B. The majority of the
E. coli
isolates belonged to the nonvirulent phylogenetic groups A and B1.