bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATIONS OF SOIL MECHANICS IN THE DESIGN OF STABILIZING WORKS FOR EMBANKMENTS, CUTTINGS AND TRACK FORMATIONS
Authors: TOMS A H , BARTLETT D L 
Published: November 2010

Since railways were built problems have arisen rectifying slips of earthworks and the breakdown of track formations. This Paper reviews the impact of soil mechanics on the solution of these problems and on works practice. It is based primarily on work done on the Southern and Western Regions of British Railways and deals mainly with the behaviour of clays, silts, sands and gravels and chalk. Methods are described for investigating slips and designing appropriate remedial works, while alternative theories used in the design of cutting slopes, retaining walls, etc., are discussed. Reference is made to the importance of drainage and the establishment of suitable vegetation on slopes. Since 1940, when the first attempt was made, on British Railways, to apply soil mechanics methods to investigate the breakdown of a clay track formation, much research effort has been directed by British Railways to this problem. The Paper reviews this research and its influence on remedial works to bad track formations and also the design of new roadbeds and drainage.
THE PRIMARY SLUDGE DIGESTION PLANT AT THE MINWORTH WORKS OF THE BIRMINGHAM TAME AND REA DISTRICT DRAINAGE BOARD.
Authors: GARDNER R E F , WATKINS D M 
Published: November 2010

The Paper describes the design and construction of the primary sludge digestion plant at the Minworth works of the Birmingham Tame and Rea District Drainage Board. The introduction reviews briefly the place of the primary sludge digestion plant in the development of the major programme now in progress for the reorganization of the Lower Tame Valley works at an estimated cost of �15 million. There follow sections on the functional and structural design of the plant and its construction. Because of their comparative novelty the prestressed concrete tanks are dealt with in greater detailt han other sections of the plant. Pending the completion of a considerable part of the major scheme the plant will at first be very much over-capacitya, nd the Authors consider that no useful purpose is served by giving detailed operational results at this stage. Tabulated design data and statements of cost are appended.
CATHODIC PROTECTION.
Authors: WRIGHT H J 
Published: November 2010

A short history of cathodic protection, from the discovery of its operating principle about 1800 and its use by Sir Humphry Davy a few years later, is followed by a description of where and how corrosion of metal occurs, the use of wrapping and of a sand bed around a pipeline, cathodic protection of pipelines, and of steel-piled jetties, appropriate levels of impressed current, and the prevention of sparking between a berthing ship and a cathodically protected petroleum jetty. Periodic verification of the effectiveness of both impressed-current and sacrificial-anode systems of cathodic protection is necessary, and worn-out anodes have to be replaced. The Author describes the half-cells of copper/ copper sulphate and silver/silver chloride which are used for testing protection systems in soil and sea water respectively, and states appropriate voltage levels for each. The Paper also describes a typical cathodic protection installation with impressed current.
The Impact of Climate Change Information: New Evidence from the Stock Market
Authors: Beatty Timothy , Shimshack Jay P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
On June 19, 2007, a non-profit organization released ratings of companies plans for measuring, reporting, and reducing their greenhouse gas emissions. We explore the capital market impacts of this information event. In contrast to much of the related literature, our study examines climate change information and a plausibly exogenous event. We find that the information had an economically important and statistically significant impact on capital market returns. Poorly rated firms suffered market penalties. In contrast, we find limited benefits for firms receiving good ratings. We also uncover suggestive evidence that the economic mechanism driving our results is not a direct consumer demand effect.
Advance Agreements for Mental Health Care: An Examination of Process and Outcomes
Authors: Wauchope Bronwyn , O'Kearney Richard , Bone Linette , Urbanc Amanda 
Published: November 2010

Objective: Despite high demand for anticipatory planning tools in mental health there is little Australian research about their implementation. This study examines the processes and outcomes of the introduction of structured mental health advanced agreements in the Australian Capital Territory. Method: Thirty-three patients with serious mental illness collaborated with a key clinician to develop an advanced agreement. Patients and clinicians were provided with appropriate education, workbooks and materials. The process and outcomes associated with developing and completing an agreement were evaluated with patient and clinician interviews and self-report measures. Results: The process was strongly accepted by the patients with only 16% discontinuing for reasons related to the advanced agreement. Participants strongly endorsed benefits both to themselves and to the management of patients’ illnesses. Service level impediments, particularly clinician acceptance, limited treatment options, and the lack of legal force of the agreement were identified. Conclusions: When supported, mental health patients can work collaboratively with clinicians to produce anticipatory treatment requests which are beneficial, feasible and consistent with good care. Implementation of anticipatory planning in mental health will require service-level changes to promote clinician acceptance and to embed practices which facilitate these tools as part of routine care.
Identification of socio-demographic factors and the causes of poor adherances of urban DOTS in Biratnagar
Authors: Kattel V , Rizal R , Katwal D , Subedi S , Kattel G , Ghimire A , Yadav BK , Niraula SR , Jha N 
Published: November 2010

Background : TB is a major public health problem. Though Investigation and chemotherapy is free of cost we are still facing poor compliance and severe degree of disease among the poorly treated ones. We have tried to explore into reasons behind it. Methodology : It was a retrospective cross- sectional study done at Biratnagar Sub-metro Politian City. Result : People accept DOTS. They visit as early as they are referred but are diagnosed lately. They have multiple reasons to quit the treatment before completion. Conclusion : We found that early diagnosis and proper counselling about the need of prolonged regime of treatment and its side effects are important factors in preventing transmission and poor compliance. Keywords: TB; DOTS; HIV; BPKIHS; cases; defaulters DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i1.3957SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(1) 13-18
Ongoing margin migration of Ice Stream B, Antarctica
Authors: Echelmeyer K. A. , Harrison W. D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe rate of margin migration of an ice stream can be determined using repeat
measurements of the surface velocity profile within the marginal shear zone. The
method relies on the assumption that the velocity profile is a characteristic
feature of the margin, and that this profile is shifted laterally as the margin
migrates. Application of the method to Ice Stream B, Antarctica, indicates that
the southern margin is moving outward into the inland ice at a rate of at least
9.7 ± 1.1 m a−1.
A three-dimensional numerical model of the confluence area of
Unteraargletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland
Authors: Gudmundsson G. Hilmar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWith the use of a numerical three-dimensional (3-D) model the flow dynamics of
the confluence area of Unteraargletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland, are
studied. Previous predictions, based on conceptual two-dimensional models, about
flow characteristics at confluence areas are tested against results from the
fully 3-D model. Measured winter velocities are used for model verification.
Despite some consistent systematic differences, good overall agreement between
measured and calculated surface velocities is obtained. The calculated vertical
strain-rate variation with depth is in good agreement with available
measurements from boreholes. The ice is found to be almost three times stiffer
than standard estimates of rheological parameters for glacier ice would predict.
The model predicts a complicated yet realistic pattern of vertical velocity
variation along the surface. The most noticeable features of the vertical
velocity distribution across the surface are listed, and their relation to
topographic surface undulations and the overall dynamics of the confluence
discussed. In accordance with previous results from analytical models, a
strongly localized surface trough and a concomitant negative (downward
orientation) vertical velocity anomaly develop at the junction point. Although
depth-integrated strain rates are positive (extension), the basal layer is
compressed vertically. The ice-cored medial moraine is formed by differential
ablation. The flow mechanics of the confluence area play only an indirect role,
by enabling transfer of debris-covered marginal ice towards the confluence
center. In the absence of differential ablation, an elongated surface depression
would be formed in the down-glacier direction from the junction point instead of
an elevated ice-cored medial moraine.
Estimating late-winter heat flow to the atmosphere from the lake-dominated Alaskan North Slope
Authors: Jeffries Martin O. , Zhang Tingjun , Frey Karoline , Kozlenko Nick 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe conductive heat flux through the snow cover (Fa) is used as a proxy to examine the hypothesis that there is a significant heat flow from the Alaskan North Slope to the atmosphere because of the large number of lakes in the region. Fa is estimated from measurements of snow depth, temperature and density on tundra, grounded ice and floating ice in mid-April 1997 at six lakes near Barrow, northwestern Alaska. The mean Fa values from tundra, grounded ice and floating ice are 1.5, 5.4 and 18.6 W m2, respectively. A numerical model of the coupled snow/ice/water/soil system is used to simulate Fa and there is good agreement between the simulated and measured fluxes. The flux from the tundra is low because the soils have a relatively low thermal conductivity and the active layer cools significantly after freezing completely the previous autumn. The flux from the floating ice is high because the ice has a relatively high thermal conductivity, and a body of relatively warm water remains below the growing ice at the end of winter. The flux from the grounded ice is intermediate between that from the tundra and that from the floating ice, and depends on the timing of the contact between the growing ice and the lake sediments, and whether or not those sediments freeze completely. Using the estimated Fa values combined with the areal fractions of tundra, grounded ice and floating ice derived from synthetic aperture radar images, area-weighted Fa values are calculated for six areas. Fa values for the ice vary between 9.8 and 13.8 W m−2, and those from the ice plus tundra vary between 3.9 and 5.3 W m−2. The Fa values are similar to those observed in the sea-ice-covered regions of the south and north polar oceans in winter. The North Slope of Alaska may thus make a significant contribution to the regional energy budget in winter.
Strain-rate enhancement at Dye 3, Greenland
Authors: Thorsteinsson Throstur , Waddington E. D. , Taylor K. C. , Alley R. B. , Blankenship D. D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIce at depth in ice sheets can be softer in bed-parallel shear than Glen’s
flow law predicts. For example, at Dye 3, Greenland, enhancement factors of 3 4
are needed in order to explain the rate of borehole tilting Previous authors
have identified crystal fabric as the dominant contributor, but the role of
impurities and crystal size is still incompletely resolved. Here we use two
formulations of anisotropic flow laws for ice (Azuma’s and Sachs’
models) to account for the effects of anisotropy, and show that the measured
anisotropy of the ice at Dye 3 cannot explain all the detailed variations in the
measured strain rates, the jump in enhancement across the
Holocene–Wisconsin boundary is larger than expected from the measured
fabrics alone. Dust and soluble-ion concentration divided by crystal size
correlates well with the residual enhancement, indicating that most of the
“excess deformation” may be due to impurities or crystal size.
While the major features of the deformation at Dye 3 are explained by anisotropy
and temperature, results also suggest that further research into the role of
impurities and crystal size is warranted.
Climate variables along a traverse line in Dronning Maud Land, East
Antarctica
Authors: van den Broeke Michiel R. , Winther Jan-Gunnar , Isaksson Elisabeth , Pinglot Jean Francis , Karlöf Lars , Eiken Trond , Conrads Louk 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTemperature, density and accumulation data were obtained from shallow firn cores,
drilled during an overland traverse through a previously unknown part of
Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. The traverse area is characterised by high
mountains that obstruct the ice flow, resulting in a sudden transition from the
polar plateau to the coastal region. The spatial variations of potential
temperature, near-surface firn density and accumulation suggest that katabatic
winds are active in this region. Proxy wind data derived from firn-density
profiles confirm that annual mean wind speed is strongly related to the
magnitude of the surface slope. The high elevation of the ice sheet south of the
mountains makes for a dry, cold climate, in which mass loss owing to sublimation
is small and erosion of snow by the wind has a potentially large impact on the
surface mass balance. A simple katabatic-wind model is used to explain the
variations of accumulation along the traverse line in terms of
divergence/convergence of the local transport of drifting snow. The resulting
wind- and snowdrift patterns are closely connected to the topography of the ice
sheet: ridges are especially sensitive to erosion, while ice streams and other
depressions act as collectors of drifting snow.
An investigation of the thermal conductivity of snow
Authors: Singh A. K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThermal conductivity of snow has been investigated experimentally using the
thermal-probe method, which is a transient method of measurement. The
measurements have been made over a wide range of snow density (for fresh and
dense snow), for varying temperatures and for different conditions of water
content, snow-grain type, etc., both in the field and in the laboratory. The
results are presented along with detailed sample descriptions. Thermal
conductivity of snow increases with density and water content. It also increases
with temperature, and the effect is more pronounced for temperatures between
–15° and 0°C.
From Clinical Practice Guidelines to Computer-interpretable Guidelines
Authors: Tange H. , van den Herik H. J. , Hasman A. , Latoszek-Berendsen A. 
Published: November 2010

Summary
Background: Guidelines are among us for over 30 years. Initially they were used as algorithmic protocols by nurses and other ancillary personnel. Many physicians regarded the use of guidelines as cookbook medicine. However, quality and patient safety issues have changed the attitude towards guidelines. Implementing formalized guidelines in a decision support system with an interface to an electronic patient record (EPR) makes the application of guidelines more personal and therefore acceptable at the moment of care.
Objective: To obtain, via a literature review, an insight into factors that influence the design and implementation of guidelines.
Methods: An extensive search of the scientific literature in PubMed was carried out with a focus on guideline characteristics, guideline development and implementation, and guideline dissemination.
Results: We present studies that enable us to explain the characteristics of high-quality guidelines, and new advanced methods for guideline formalization, computerization, and implementation. We show how the guidelines affect processes of care and the patient outcome. We discuss the reasons of low guideline adherence as presented in the literature and comment upon them.
Conclusions: Developing high-quality guidelines requires a skilled team of people and sufficient budget. The guidelines should give personalized advice. Computer-interpretable guidelines (CIGs) that have access to the patient’s EPR are able to give personal advice. Because of the costs, sharing of CIGs is a critical requirement for guideline development, dissemination, and implementation. Until now this is hardly possible, because of the many models in use. However, some solutions have been proposed. For instance, a standardized terminology should be imposed so that the terms in guidelines can be matched with terms in an EPR. Also, a dissemination model for easy updating of guidelines should be established. The recommendations should be based on evidence instead of on consensus. To test the quality of the guideline, appraisal instruments should be used to assess the guideline as a whole, as well as checking the quality of the recommendations individually. Only in this way optimal guideline advice can be given on an individual basis at a reasonable cost.
International Efforts in Nanoinformatics Research Applied to Nanomedicine
Authors: Maojo V. , Chiesa S. , Martin-Sanchez F. , Kern J. , Potamias G. , Crespo J. , Garcia-Remesal M. , Keuchkerian S. , Kulikowski C. , Mitchell J. A. , de la Iglesia D. 
Published: November 2010

Summary
Background: Nanomedicine and nanoinformatics are novel disciplines facing substantial challenges. Since nanomedicine involves complex and massive data analysis and management, a new discipline named nanoinformatics is now emerging to provide the vision and the informatics methods and tools needed forsuch purposes. Methods from biomedical informatics may prove applicable with some adaptation despite nanomedicine involving different biophysical and biochemical characteristics of nanomaterials and corresponding differences in information complexity.
Objectives: We analyze recent initiatives and opportunities for research in nanomedicine and nanoinformatics as well as the previous experience of the authors, particularly in the context of a European project named ACTION-Grid. In this project the authors aimed to create a collaborative environment in biomedical and nanomedical research among countries in Europe, Western Balkans, Latin America, North Africa and the USA.
Methods: We review and analyze the rationale and scientific issues behind the new fields of nanomedicine and nanoinformatics. Such a review is linked to actual research projects and achievements of the authors within their groups.
Results: The work of the authors at the intersection between these two areas is presented. We also analyze several research initiatives that have recently emerged in the EU and USA context and highlight some ideas for future action at the international level.
Conclusions: Nanoinformatics aims to build new bridges between medicine, nanotechnology and informatics, allowing the application of computational methods in the nano-related areas. Opportunities for world-wide collaboration are already emerging and will be influential in advancing the field.
Le chevalier Ferrán Mexía et son Nobiliario vero (1492) : de l’imaginaire chevaleresque à la logique de l’exclusion
Authors: Heusch Carlos 
Published: November 2010

Présentation de Ferrán Mexía, à travers sa biographie, ses poèmes et son œuvre majeure, le Nobiliario vero (1492) qui est étudiée sous l’angle du débat entre les défenseurs et les opposants des conceptions lignagères de la noblesse. Au moment où les Rois Catholiques lancent une vaste réflexion sur le droit, Mexía veut en finir avec les idées bartolistes sur la noblesse. Aussi va-t-il aller plus loin que ses prédécesseurs en axant la noblesse non seulement sur le lignage mais encore sur le sang. L’anoblissement d’un roturier ne peut donc être effectif qu’au bout de la quatrième génération, un délai nécessaire pour que le sang de son lignage plébéien puisse être « purifié ». Mais une fois ces taches originelles lavées la noblesse devient définitive, à jamais.
Archive of oral tradition of the Centre for Asia Minor Studies: its formation and its contribution to research
Authors: Kapoli Evi 
Published: November 2010

L’archive d’histoire orale du Centre d’Études d’Asie Mineure. Création et rôle dans l’encadrement de la recherche. En 1930, quelques années après l’échange de populations entre la Turquie et la Grèce, Melpo Logotheti-Merlier (1890-1979) a créé le Centre d’études d’Asie Mineure dans le but d’assurer la sauvegarde de l’histoire et de la culture des populations grecques réfugiées d’Asie Mineure. Le projet consista à demander aux réfugiés de décrire les lieux où ils avaient vécu, et de donner le maximum d’informations sur leur mode de vie, leurs pratiques religieuses ainsi que sur les relations qu’ils entretenaient avec leurs voisins turcs. Enfin, des questions leur étaient également posées sur leur installation en Grèce. Les archives réunies au Centre d’études d’Asie Mineure comprennent les témoignages oraux de 5 000 réfugiés soit environ 300 000 pages manuscrites reprenant les interviews menés depuis le début des années 1930 jusqu’aux années 1970. Ces archives de la tradition orale sont porteuses d’une triple empreintes, celle de Melpo Merlier, elle-même, celles des chercheurs qui ont travaillé au centre mais également celle des informateurs, les réfugiés eux-mêmes. Cet article se propose d’examiner comment ces archives témoignent de la manière dont les réfugiés – et, avec eux, une partie de la société grecque - ont vécu ce bouleversement qui a complètement transformé leur vie et comment ils ont réussi à sauvegarder la mémoire de leur passé.
Contextualiser les archives missionnaires : quelques remarques méthodologiques
Authors: Naepels Michel 
Published: November 2010

Contextualiser les archives missionaires : quelques remarques méthodologiques. Les interactions engagées par les missionnaires, marquées par leur volonté de convertir, peuvent également avoir produit des matériaux ethnographiques sous forme d’écrits de différente nature : journaux, correspondances, articles publiés dans divers cadres. À la question du pourquoi ces écrits, et pour qui, vient en écho la question du pourquoi les interlocuteurs du missionnaire ont-ils répondu à ses questions. Il est important de retrouver derrière l’archive la situation qui l’a produite, et de connaître l’histoire de sa conservation, pour réfléchir ensuite à l’utilisation qu’on peut en faire.
Ethnographie des archives officielles de l’État civil : une société en filigrane
Authors: Mercier Claude 
Published: November 2010

Ethnographie des archives officielles de l’État civil : une société en filigrane. Les registres des actes d’État civil, classiquement consultés par les ethnologues du domaine français pour établir un système de parenté d’une localité, portent en eux des indications allant bien au-delà de cette seule opération. Au cours de la lecture d’un texte pourtant formaté par une loi, c’est toute une société qui s’y perçoit en filigrane. Apparaissent alors un mode d’organisation sociale particulier à une région et le fonctionnement qui lui est associé.