bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erroneous augmentation of multiplex assay measurements in patients with rheumatoid arthritis due to heterophilic binding by serum rheumatoid factor
Authors: Todd Derrick J. , Knowlton Nicholas , Amato Michael , Frank Mark Barton , Schur Peter H. , Izmailova Elena S. , Roubenoff Ronenn , Shadick Nancy A. , Weinblatt Michael E. , Centola Michael , Lee David M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveSerum rheumatoid factor (RF) and other heterophilic antibodies potentially interfere with antibody‐based immunoassays by nonspecifically binding detection reagents. The purpose of this study was to assess whether these factors confound multiplex‐based immunoassays, which are used with increasing frequency to measure cytokine and chemokine analytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe performed multiplex immunoassays using different platforms to measure analyte concentrations in RA patient samples. Samples were depleted of RF by column‐based affinity absorption or were exposed to agents that block heterophilic binding activity.ResultsIn RA patients with high‐titer RF, 69% of analytes demonstrated at least a 2‐fold stronger multiplex signal in non–RF‐depleted samples as compared to RF‐depleted samples. This degree of erroneous signal amplification was less frequent in low‐titer RF samples (17% of analytes; P < 0.0000001). Signal amplification by heterophilic antibodies was blocked effectively by HeteroBlock (≥150 μg/ml). In 35 RA patients, multiplex signals for 14 of 22 analytes were amplified erroneously in unblocked samples as compared to blocked samples (some >100‐fold), but only in patients with high‐titer RF (P < 0.002). Two other blocking agents, heterophilic blocking reagent and immunoglobulin‐inhibiting reagent, also blocked heterophilic activity.ConclusionAll multiplex protein detection platforms we tested exhibited significant confounding by RF or other heterophilic antibodies. These findings have broad‐reaching implications in the acquisition and interpretation of data derived from multiplex immunoassay testing of RA patient serum and possibly also in other conditions in which RF or other heterophilic antibodies may be present. Several available blocking agents effectively suppressed this erroneous signal amplification in the multiplex platforms tested.
PALM and STORM: Unlocking live‐cell super‐resolution
Authors: Henriques Ricardo , Griffiths Caron , Hesper Rego E. , Mhlanga Musa M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLive‐cell fluorescence light microscopy has emerged as an important tool in the study of cellular biology. The development of fluorescent markers in parallel with super‐resolution imaging systems has pushed light microscopy into the realm of molecular visualization at the nanometer scale. Resolutions previously only attained with electron microscopes are now within the grasp of light microscopes. However, until recently, live‐cell imaging approaches have eluded super‐resolution microscopy, hampering it from reaching its full potential for revealing the dynamic interactions in biology occurring at the single molecule level. Here we examine recent advances in the super‐resolution imaging of living cells by reviewing recent breakthroughs in single molecule localization microscopy methods such as PALM and STORM to achieve this important goal. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 322–331, 2011.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of γ‐Substituted Vinyl Sulfones
Authors: López Rosa , Zalacain Maitane , Palomo Claudio 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA fast new entry for the stereoselective construction of γ‐substituted vinyl sulfones is presented. The key for success is the use of a readily available chiral secondary amine catalyst that allows the use of base‐sensitive β‐nitroethyl sulfones as masked β‐sulfonyl vinyl anions in conjugate additions. The method performed in a three‐step one‐pot operation gives access to a great variety of vinyl sulfones in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. The method has also been extended to other relatively base‐sensitive β‐electron‐withdrawing‐substituted nitroalkanes to afford products with manifold functionality, providing a quick entry to very attractive synthetic intermediates for organic synthesis.
Fine tuning of the multiplexing facilities of Java's Remote Method Invocation
Authors: Basanta‐Val Pablo , García‐Valls Marisol , Estévez‐Ayres Iria , Fernández‐González Jorge 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe proliferation of a new generation of distributed real‐time embedded systems (DRE) characterized by special restrictions on its storage capacities, its available computation time, and the messages they can send through the network suggests a comprehensive redesign of the current distribution infrastructure in order to tune its performance. In this changing panorama, the paper concerns one of the protocols, Java's Remote Method Protocol (JRMP), used nowadays to interconnect different nodes of a distributed Java system, and explores the cost of integrating an improved protocol‐level multiplexing strategy in the context of an end‐to‐end remote invocation. The new multiplexing strategy helps middleware manage more efficiently unscheduled invocations that appear at runtime generated from a certain client node, especially in cases where preallocation of resources or dimensioning for the worst‐case are techniques not plausible. To this end, the paper examines an alternative based on the definition of a new subprotocol, called ConnectionLess, which offers built‐in multiplexing facilities for distributed Java applications. The performance of the new subprotocol is compared against the three already defined by JRMP (namely SingleOp, Stream, and Multiplex), taking into consideration parameters such as memory consumed in the Java's virtual machine and end‐to‐end response times. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of Interpersonal Motivation in Transcripts (AIMIT): an Inter‐ and Intra‐rater Reliability Study of a New Method of Detection of Interpersonal Motivational Systems in Psychotherapy
Authors: Fassone G. , Valcella F. , Pallini S. , Scarcella F. , Tombolini L. , Ivaldi A. , Prunetti E. , Manaresi F. , Liotti G. , the Italian Group for the Study of Interpersonal Motivation  
Published: January 2011

Assessing Interpersonal Motivations in Transcripts (AIMIT) is a coding system aiming to systematically detect the activity of interpersonal motivational systems (IMS) in the therapeutic dialogue. An inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability study has been conducted. Sixteen video‐recorded psychotherapy sessions were selected and transcribed according to the AIMIT criteria. Sessions relate to 16 patients with an Axis II diagnosis, with a mean Global Assessment of Functioning of 51. For the intra‐rater reliability evaluation, five sessions have been selected and assigned to five independent coders who where asked to make a first evaluation, and then a second independent one 14 days later. For the inter‐rater reliability study, the sessions coded by the therapist‐coder were jointly revised with another coder and finally classified as gold standard. The 16 standard sessions were sent to other evaluators for the independent coding. The agreement (κ) was estimated according to the following parameters for each coding unit: evaluation units supported by the ‘codable’ activation of one or more IMS; motivational interaction with reference to the ongoing relation between patient and therapist; an interaction between the patient and another person reported/narrated by the patient; detection of specific IMS: attachment (At), caregiving (CG), rank (Ra), sexuality (Se), peer cooperation (PC); and transitions from one IMS to another were also scored. The intra‐rater agreement was evaluated through the parameters ‘cod’, ‘At’, ‘CG’, ‘Ra’, ‘Se’ and ‘PC’ described above. A total of 2443 coding units were analysed. For the nine parameters on which the agreement was calculated, eight [‘coded (Cod)’, ‘ongoing relation (Rel)’, ‘narrated relation (Nar)’, ‘At’, ‘CG’, ‘Ra’, ‘Se’ and ‘PC’] have κ values comprised between 0.62 (CG) and 0.81 (Cod) and were therefore satisfactory. The scoring of ‘transitions’ showed agreement values slightly below desired cut‐off (0.56). Intra‐rater reliability was very good (κ values for Cod = 0.90; κ?for all IMS = 0.78). Data seem to support the validity of the AIMIT method in terms of reliability, and encourage to further implementation of the AIMIT approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Systematic assessment of transcripts in psychotherapy.
Multimotivational interpersonal theory.
Reliability study.
Cross‐layer and cognitive QoS management system for next‐generation networking
Authors: Chen Jiann‐Liang , Liu Shih‐Wei , Wu Szu‐Lin , Chen Ming‐Chiao 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOwing to limited wireless network resources, network applications must provide an adaptive quality‐guaranteed service to satisfy user requirements. Different applications are associated with different quality of service (QoS) concerns, as well as different QoS control parameters. This work presents an adaptive QoS algorithm by discussing the QoS specifications of three wireless access technologies, i.e. 3G, WiMAX and WiFi. Based on cross‐layer and cognition concepts, these environmental parameters are integrated with the sensing of spectral and received signal strength from a cognitive radio paradigm. An adaptive QoS algorithm is then proposed to select the optimal access network for services. Simulation results indicate that the proposed adaptive QoS algorithm outperforms available ones in real‐time applications. Compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed algorithm reduces not only the average delay time and jitter for VoIP services to 0.16 s and 0.09 ms, respectively, but also the packet loss ratio for high‐definition video streaming by 3.4%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic prefix reduction for 20.48 Gb/s direct‐detection optical OFDM transmission over 2560 km of SSMF
Authors: Ghanbarisabagh Mohammad , Alias M. Y. , Abdul‐Rashid H. A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOptical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (O‐OFDM) provides major advantages in mitigating Group‐Velocity Dispersion (GVD) in Single Mode Fiber (SMF). Unfortunately, when the uncompensated long‐haul transmission ranges become very large, substantial dispersion is accumulated. Owing to the large accumulated dispersion, the Cyclic Prefix (CP) duration will occupy a substantial fraction of the OFDM frame. This effect sets some limitations on the overall throughput and the spectral efficiency. Moreover, the transmission is inefficient because of the energy wastage contained within the CP. In the case where the CP length is shorter than the Channel Impulse Response (CIR), energy wastage is reduced but the system performance is limited by the Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI). To overcome this problem, a Time Domain Equalizer (TEQ) immediately after the channel is proposed. It can cancel the residual ISI and ICI caused by both the GVD and the CP length being shorter than the CIR. The simulation results show that, using BER of 10−3 as a reference, the system performance improves by 2.69thinspacedB while considering 6‐feedforward/5‐feedback‐weight Decision Feedback TEQ (DF‐TEQ) and 2.03 dB while considering 10‐tap Least Mean Square TEQ (LMS‐TEQ) even though the CP length is shorter than the CIR. This method reduces size of the CP, and consequently the performance of the system will be improved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptual frameworks in peatland ecohydrology: looking beyond the two‐layered (acrotelm–catotelm) model
Authors: Morris Paul J. , Waddington J. Michael , Benscoter Brian W. , Turetsky Merritt R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNorthern peatlands are important shallow freshwater aquifers and globally significant terrestrial carbon stores. Peatlands are complex, ecohydrological systems, commonly conceptualized as consisting of two layers, the acrotelm (upper layer) and the catotelm (lower layer). This diplotelmic model, originally posited as a hypothesis, is yet to be tested in a comprehensive manner. Despite this, the diplotelmic model is highly prevalent in the peatland literature, suggesting a general acceptance of the concept. We examine the diplotelmic model with respect to what we believe are three important research criteria: complexity, generality and flexibility. The diplotelmic model assumes that all ecological, hydrological and biogeochemical processes and structures can be explained by a single discrete boundary—depth in relation to a drought water table. This assumption makes the diplotelmic scheme inherently inflexible, in turn hindering its representation of a range of ecohydrological phenomena. We explore various alternative conceptual approaches that might offer greater flexibility, including the representation of horizontal spatial heterogeneity and transfers. We propose that the concept of hot spots, prevalent in terrestrial biogeochemistry literature, might be extended to peatland ecohydrology, providing a more flexible conceptual framework. Hot spots are areas of a peatland which exhibit fast processing rates in a number of mechanistically linked hydrological, ecological and biogeochemical processes. The complementary concept of cold spots may also be useful in peatland ecohydrology, particularly with regards to understanding the vulnerability of peatlands to disturbance. The flexibility of our suggested scheme may allow the future incorporation of ecohydrological phenomena yet to be identified as important in peatlands. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity and bioaccumulation of phenanthrene inEnchytraeus albidus(Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae)
Authors: Amorim Mónica J.B , Oliveira Eva , Teixeira Aline S , Gravato Carlos S , Loureiro Susana , Guilhermino Lúcia C , Van Gestel Cornelis A.M , Soares Amadeu M.V.M 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic compounds, such as phenanthrene (PHE), tend to accumulate in the soil compartment, where they may be retained for many years because of their persistency and hydrophobicity. The toxicity and bioaccumulation of these chemicals in soil biota and potential biomagnification along the food chain is an issue of concern. The main goal of this study was to determine the toxicity and bioaccumulation of PHE in Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) in a natural standard soil (LUFA 2.2) following standard test guidelines. Phenanthrene dose-relatedly affected the survival and reproduction of E. albidus with median lethal concentration and median effective concentration (EC50) values of 135 and 33 mg/kg dry soil, respectively. A toxicokinetics study, performed at a nontoxic soil concentration of 8 mg/kg, showed uptake and elimination rate constants of 4.91 kg soil per kilogram fresh weight animal per day and 0.236 per day, respectively and a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of 20.8 kg soil per kilogram fresh weight animal. These results show that the three-week exposure in the toxicity test with E. albidus is sufficiently long to reach equilibrium, but also that PHE may accumulate to considerable levels, possibly causing a risk for predators. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:967–972. © 2010 SETAC
Marked aneuploidy and loss of multiple chromosomes are common in autosomal mutants isolated from normal mouse kidney epithelium
Authors: Dan Cristian , Grygoryev Dmytro , Sandfort Kelly , Connolly Marissa , Cross Brittany , Lasarev Michael , Kronenberg Amy , Turker Mitchell S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMarked aneuploidy and loss of multiple chromosomes are hallmarks of cancer, but whether these events are only present in malignant cells is not known. In prior work, we showed that approximately half of spontaneous autosomal mutants isolated directly from normal kidney epithelium arose from loss of a marker chromosome 8 containing the wild type Aprt gene. Chromosome loss was detected by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for all chromosome 8 polymorphic loci examined. To determine whether loss of chromosome 8 reflected a larger mitotic event, LOH was examined for polymorphic loci on 11 nonselected chromosomes in Aprt mutants that lost the selected chromosome 8 homologue. LOH events were detected for one or more nonselected chromosomes in 38% of these mutants. The additional LOH events also reflected apparent chromosome loss based on the molecular analysis. Metaphase spreads from mutants that lost chromosome 8 were markedly aneuploid, and chromosome painting revealed reduced levels for any chromosome shown to be lost with the LOH analysis. In contrast, LOH on nonselected chromosomes was infrequent in Aprt mutants exhibiting intragenic events or mitotic recombination for chromosome 8, and marked aneuploidy was absent. These observations suggest that the mechanism leading to chromosome loss in somatic mammalian cells is often not a simple nondisjunction event and instead could result from a single catastrophic event. They also suggest that cells with characteristics of malignancy are present in normal appearing tissue. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Array comparative genomic hybridization reveals frequent alterations of G1/S checkpoint genes in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of bone
Authors: Niini Tarja , Lahti Leo , Michelacci Francesca , Ninomiya Shinsuke , Hattinger Claudia Maria , Guled Mohamed , Böhling Tom , Picci Piero , Serra Massimo , Knuutila Sakari 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUndifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of bone (UPSb) is a rare tumor often difficult to differentiate from fibrosarcoma of bone (FSb), diagnostically. We applied array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) to screen for genes with potential importance in the tumor and compared the results with alterations seen in FSb. Twenty‐two fresh frozen tissue specimens from 20 patients (18 primary tumors and 4 local recurrences) with UPSb were studied. DNA was isolated and hybridized onto Agilent 244K CGH oligoarrays. The hybridization data were analyzed using Agilent DNA Analytics Software. The number of changes ranged from 2 to 168 (average = 66). Losses were most frequently seen at 8p, 9p, 10, 13q, and 18q, and gains at 4q, 5p, 6p, 7p, 8q, 12p, 14q, 17q, 19p, 20q, 22q, and X. Homozygous deletions ofCDKN2A,RB1,TP53, andING1were seen in 8/20, 7/20, 3/20, and 2/20 cases, respectively. Hypermethylation of bothp16INK4aandp14ARFwas found in two cases with loss atCDKN2A. Inactivation either ofCDKN2A,RB1, orTP53was detected in 18/20 cases. One case showed high level gains ofCDK4andMDM2. Frequent gains were seen atMYC,PDGFRA,KIT, andKDR. Immunohistochemical positivity of KIT, PDGFRA, KDR, and PDGFRB was found in 8/14, 5/14, 4/14, and 4/14 cases, respectively. The regions most significantly discriminating between UPSb and FSb includedRB1andMYC. No homozygous deletions ofRB1were found in FSb. In conclusion, our analysis showed the disruption of G1/S checkpoint regulation to be crucial for the oncogenesis of UPSb. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating persistence in the volatility of asset returns with signal plus noise models
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Gil‐Alana Luis A. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the degree of persistence in the volatility of financial time series using a Long Memory Stochastic Volatility (LMSV) model. Specifically, it employs a Gaussian semiparametric (or local Whittle) estimator of the memory parameter, based on the frequency domain, proposed by Robinson (Annals of Statistics23: 1630–1661), and shown by Arteche (Journal of Econometrics119: 131–154) to be consistent and asymptotically normal in the context of signal plus noise models. Daily data on the NASDAQ index are analysed. The results suggest that volatility has a component of long‐memory behaviour, the order of integration ranging between 0.3 and 0.5, the series being therefore stationary and mean‐reverting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the impact of industrial effluents on the quality of irrigation water and changes in soil characteristics: The case of Kombolcha town
Authors: ZINABU ESKINDER 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe town of Kombolcha is found in the northern part of Ethiopia. It contains several large industries that drain their liquid waste to the nearby rivers. To assess the impact of the wastes on irrigation water quality water samples were just taken randomly to be used only as indicators. The samples of water were collected three times from three rivers that are locally called the Leyole Worka and Borkena. These rivers are used as sources of irrigation water for the nearby farmlands. Parameters of pH EC Ca+2 Mg+2 Na+ Cl− CO HCO BO and SAR were monitored in the irrigation water and the soils of the respective irrigated farmlands. Significant concentration differences (at P ≤ 0.05) in these parameters were detected in the two rivers receiving industrial effluents (Leyole and Worka) and they are compared against the control river water (Borkena). The mean values of the parameters in each irrigation water source samples were also compared with FAO guidelines for irrigation water quality. The Leyole and Worka are found to be polluted as compared to the control river (Borkena). Significant quality difference was observed in pH value and Na+ concentrations between the Borkena River and effluent‐contaminated irrigation water of the Leyole River. Moreover Na+ HCO and SAR were found to be beyond the safe limits to use in irrigation. Irrigation water from the Worka River was found to be significantly different from the control irrigation water in Na+ Mg+2 and SAR and the Na+ concentration and the values of pH and SAR have been identified to exceed the normal conditions for use in agriculture. The chemical parameters in the irrigation water were also found to have accumulated and changed the soil characteristics of the farmlands. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Glacier fluctuations in the southern Peruvian Andes during the late‐glacial period, constrained with cosmogenic 3He
Authors: Bromley Gordon R.M. , Hall Brenda L. , Schaefer Joerg M. , Winckler Gisela , Todd Claire E. , Rademaker Kurt M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe occurrence of pronounced climate reversals during the last glacial termination has long been recognised in palaeoclimate records from both hemispheres and from high to low latitudes. Accurate constraint of both the timing and magnitude of events, such as the Younger Dryas and Antarctic Cold Reversal, is vital in order to test different hypotheses for the causes and propagation of abrupt climate change. However, in contrast to higher‐latitude regions, well‐dated records from the Tropics are rare and the structure of late‐glacial tropical climate remains uncertain. As a step toward addressing this problem, we present an in situ cosmogenic 3He surface exposure chronology from Nevado Coropuna, southern Peru, documenting a significant fluctuation of the ice margin during the late‐glacial period. Ten tightly clustered ages from a pair of moraines located halfway between the modern glacier and the Last Glacial Maximum terminus range from 11.9 to 13.9 ka and give an arithmetic mean age of 12.8 ± 0.7 ka (1σ). These data constitute direct evidence for a readvance, or prolonged stillstand, of glaciers in the arid Andes of southwestern Peru. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.