bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AS-OCT as a Tool for Flap Thickness Measurement After Femtosecond-Assisted LASIK
Authors: Kucumen Raciha Beril , Yenerel Nursal Melda , Gorgun Ebru , Oral Deniz , Altunsoy Muhsin , Utine Canan Asli , Ciftci Ferda 
Published: November 2010

Background and Objective:
To investigate the efficacy of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for calculating flap thickness in femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis.

Patients and Methods:
Fifty-one eyes of 26 patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism were included in this prospective study. High-resolution corneal images were evaluated at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. Images along the horizontal meridian were measured with the flap tool at seven points.

Result:

Measurements at vertex and at 1 mm nasally and temporally from the vertex were indistinct but easily defined. Although statistically not significant, flaps were found to be thinner in the central cornea and thicker in the periphery (
P
> .05).

Conclusion:
AS-OCT provides detailed high-resolution images for quantitative evaluation of the flap–stroma relationship, but it may not be precise in the central 2-mm area of the cornea. Despite this, AS-OCT is an imaging tool with significant utility.
The Efficacy of Low-Energy Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Tang Min , Fu Yang , Fu Ming-shui , Fan Ying , Zou Hai-dong , Sun Xiao-dong , Xu Xun 
Published: November 2010

Background and Objective:
To analyze the efficacy of low-energy selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients.

Patients and Methods:
In 74 patients (74 eyes) with ocular hypertension, suspected glaucoma, or primary open-angle glaucoma, SLT was the first-choice treatment. Thirty-nine patients in the low-energy group received treatment using half of conventional laser energy over 360° of the trabecular meshwork (at 100 points). Thirty-five patients in the control group received conventional laser energy. Patients were observed for 1 year. Complications and intraocular pressure (IOP) were observed.

Results:

Postoperative transient IOP spike (≥ 3 mm Hg) occurred in three eyes on the day of treatment and partial peripheral anterior synechiae occurred in one eye 1 month after treatment only in the control group. Effective rates of treatment (≥ 20% IOP reduction) at week 2 and month 1, 3, 6, and 12 after treatment were 69.23%, 64.10%, 61.54%, 53.85%, and 48.72% in the low-energy group and 71.43%, 71.43%, 60%, 51.43%, and 48.57% in the control group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at various time points (
P
= .836, .501, .892, .835, .990).

Conclusion:
Compared with SLT using conventional laser energy, low-energy SLT lowers IOP with fewer complications, making it a safe and effective option.
Macular Disease Affects the Outcome of ZyWave™ Aberrometry
Authors: Zarei-Ghanavati Siamak , Banaee Touka , Abrishami Mojtaba , Dehghani Ali 
Published: November 2010

Background and Objective:
Wavefront analysis aims to measure aberrations in the eye, often before and after surgeries. The Hartmann–Shack instrument is an outgoing reflective aberrometer that uses a laser light source. The authors aimed to evaluate changes in aberrations of the eyes with macular irregularity by comparing with the fellow normal eyes.

Patients and Methods:
In a prospective study, the authors evaluated both eyes of patients with unilateral acquired foveal lesion by ZyWave (ZyWave; Milwaukee, WI) aberrometer. Eighteen eyes of 9 patients with a mean age of 32 years were examined.

Results:

After exclusion of two cases with central serous chorioretinopathy (due to smooth macular surface), a statistically significant increase in higher-order aberration in the involved eyes compared with the normal fellow eyes (
P
= .043) was found. There was also a statistically significant increase in horizontal trefoil in the involved eyes compared with normal eyes (
P
= .04).

Conclusion:
This fellow eye study shows that macular irregularity might increase high-order aberrations measured by the Hartmann–Shack aberrometer.
Comparison of N-Terminal Pro B-Natriuretic Peptide and Echocardiographic Indices in Patients with Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Hajsadeghi Shokoufeh , Samiei Niloufar , Moradi Masoud , Majid Maleki , Kashani Ladan , Amani Afsaneh , Salami Arezoo , Asefi Melika , Farsi Negin 
Published: December 2010

Introduction Echocardiographic indices can form the basis of the diagnosis of systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with Mitral regurgitation (MR). However, using echocardiography alone may bring us to a diagnostic dead-end. The aim of this study was to compare N-Terminal pro B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) and echocardiographic indices in patients with mitral regurgitation. Methods 2D and Doppler echocardiography and BNP serum level were obtained from 54 patients with organic mild, moderate and severe MR. Results BNP levels were increased with symptoms in patients with mitral regurgitation (NYHAI: 5.7 ± 1.1, NYHAII: 6.9 ± 1.5, NYHAIII: 8.3 ± 2 pg/ml, P < 0.001). BNP plasma level were significantly correlated with MPI (myocardial performance index) (r = 0.399, P = 0.004), and following echocardiographic indices: LVEDV (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), LVESV (r = 0.54, P < 0.001), LVEDD (r = 0.48, P < 0.001), LVESD (r = 0.54, P < 0.001), dp/dt (r = −0.32, P = 0.019) and SPAP (r = 0.4, P = 0.006). Conclusion The present study showed that BNP may be useful in patients with MR and may confirm echocardiographic indices.
Polyphenols in chosen species of legume - a review
Authors: Timoracká Mária , Vollmannová Alena , Bystrická Judita 
Published: December 2010

Legumes belongs to the most important grain for human consumption. They have been cultivated for thousands of years, and have played an important role in the traditional diets of many regions throughout the world. The most legumes are widely consumed in fresh and processed forms. The traditional way of legume preparation includes soaking in water following by cooking and are usually consumed boiled as soup, occasionally as roasted grains too. Legume are widely known for their nutraceutical value, but there is relatively little information about their polyphenols content (with the exception of soya). Inspite of the fact that phenolics in general are not the substances with nutritious value, the interest in them is still persisting for their positive effects on human health. For these reasons this short review is focused on summary of legume polyphenols – identification and quantification of phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins in raw or processed legumes and their role in these crops. Monitoring and surveying of the changes of polyphenolic compounds contents thus complete knowledge about bioactive substances content in legumes species. And seeing that legumes are considered an ideal complement to cereals in diets, they gain increasing attention as functional food items.
Psychopathic personality traits in relational aggression among young adults
Authors: Czar Katherine A. , Dahlen Eric R. , Bullock Emily E. , Nicholson Bonnie C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPsychopathy is a robust predictor of overt physical aggression that may also be relevant to relational aggression (RA). This study was conducted to investigate the utility of psychopathic personality traits in the prediction of RA in a sample of 291 college students. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that both primary and secondary psychopathic traits explained additional variance in general/peer and romantic RA beyond physical aggressiveness. Consistent with previous research, no gender differences were found on either form of RA, challenging the popular stereotype of RA as a female behavior. Moreover, psychopathic traits were not differentially predictive of RA by gender or level of physical aggressiveness. Implications of these findings for research and clinical practice are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 37:207–214, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost‐of‐illness studies in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review
Authors: Zhu Tracy Y. , Tam Lai Shan , Li Edmund K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the state of knowledge regarding the economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to evaluate the quality of cost‐of‐illness (COI) studies conducted to date.MethodsRelevant literature was retrieved from the PubMed database in April 2010. The evaluation of identified articles was based on 7 key elements of COI studies derived from previous literature on health economics. Costs derived from each study were converted into 2008 US dollars using the Consumer Price Index and the purchasing power parity conversion rate.ResultsA total of 11 articles were included in the evaluation. The average direct costs per patient‐year ranged from $3,735–$14,410. Costs of inpatient care were found to be the largest component of direct costs in most of the studies. The employment rate varied from 35.8–55%. The average duration of annual short‐term sick leave ranged from 7.0–64.8 days. The mean annual indirect costs per patient ranged from $1,093–$14,614, depending on the valuation method.ConclusionThere is a substantial economic burden, in terms of health care resource utilization, associated with SLE, as well as losses of productivity due to work capacity impairment. The cost estimates in this review should be used with caution due to significant discrepancies in methodologies across studies. Future studies should address several methodologic considerations in order to measure the true costs related to SLE. Incidence‐based COI studies are needed to evaluate the lifetime costs of SLE.
Switching of Electrically Responsive, Light‐Sensitive Colloidal Suspensions of Anisotropic Pigment Particles
Authors: Eremin Alexey , Stannarius Ralf , Klein Susanne , Heuer Jana , Richardson Robert M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn unusual electro‐optical behavior of colloidal suspensions of dichroic, elongated (rod‐shaped) pigment particles is reported. These suspensions exhibit nematic liquid crystal order at low volume fraction of the suspended particles (<15 wt%) and show a strong electric and optical response to an external electric field. Additionally, the characteristics of the optical response can be reversibly manipulated by illuminating the sample with light in its absorption band. The suspensions show a number of interesting phenomena like homeotropic‐planar orientational transitions and light‐induced pattern formation.
All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Microbatteries: A Review of Various Three‐Dimensional Concepts
Authors: Oudenhoven Jos F. M. , Baggetto Loïc. , Notten Peter H. L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWith the increasing importance of wireless microelectronic devices the need for on‐board power supplies is evidently also increasing. Possible candidates for microenergy storage devices are planar all‐solid‐state Li‐ion microbatteries, which are currently under development by several start‐up companies. However, to increase the energy density of these microbatteries further and to ensure a high power delivery, three‐dimensional (3D) designs are essential. Therefore, several concepts have been proposed for the design of 3D microbatteries and these are reviewed. In addition, an overview is given of the various electrode and electrolyte materials that are suitable for 3D all‐solid‐state microbatteries. Furthermore, methods are presented to produce films of these materials on a nano‐ and microscale.
Controlling the Morphology and Efficiency of Hybrid ZnO:Polythiophene Solar Cells Via Side Chain Functionalization
Authors: Oosterhout Stefan D. , Koster L. Jan Anton , van Bavel Svetlana S. , Loos Joachim , Stenzel Ole , Thiedmann Ralf , Schmidt Volker , Campo Bert , Cleij Thomas J. , Lutzen Laurence , Vanderzande Dirk , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe efficiency of polymer – metal oxide hybrid solar cells depends critically on the intimacy of mixing of the two semiconductors. The effect of side chain functionalization on the morphology and performance of conjugated polymer:ZnO solar cells is investigated. Using an ester‐functionalized side chain poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) derivative (P3HT‐E), the nanoscale morphology of ZnO:polymer solar cells is significantly more intimately mixed compared to ZnO:poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (ZnO:P3HT), as evidenced experimentally from a 3D reconstruction of the phase separation using electron tomography. Photoinduced absorption reveals nearly quantitative charge generation for the ZnO:P3HT‐E blend but not for ZnO:P3HT, consistent with the results obtained from solving the 3D diffusion equation for excitons formed in the polymer within the two experimental ZnO morphologies. For thin ZnO:P3HT‐E active layers (∼50 nm) this yields a significant improvement of the solar cell performance. For thicker cells, however, the reduced hole mobility and a reduced percolation of ZnO pathways hinders charge carrier collection, limiting the power conversion efficiency.
Interdiffusion of PCBM and P3HT Reveals Miscibility in a Photovoltaically Active Blend
Authors: Treat Neil D. , Brady Michael A. , Smith Gordon , Toney Michael F. , Kramer Edward J. , Hawker Craig J. , Chabinyc Michael L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDeveloping a better understanding of the evolution of morphology in plastic solar cells is the key to designing new materials and structures that achieve photoconversion efficiencies greater than 10%. In the most extensively characterized system, the poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric‐acid‐methyl‐ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction, the origins and evolution of the blend morphology during processes such as thermal annealing are not well understood. In this work, we use a model system, a bilayer of P3HT and PCBM, to develop a more complete understanding of the miscibility and diffusion of PCBM within P3HT during thermal annealing. We find that PCBM aggregates and/or molecular species are miscible and mobile in disordered P3HT, without disrupting the ordered lamellar stacking of P3HT chains. The fast diffusion of PCBM into the amorphous regions of P3HT suggests the favorability of mixing in this system, opposing the belief that phase‐pure domains form in BHJs due to immiscibility of these two components.
Gene–environment interactions in panic disorder and CO2 sensitivity: Effects of events occurring early in life
Authors: Spatola Chiara A. M. , Scaini Simona , Pesenti‐Gritti Paola , Medland Sarah E. , Moruzzi Sara , Ogliari Anna , Tambs Kristian , Battaglia Marco 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHeterogeneous life events (LE) precede the onset of—and potentially increase the susceptibility to—panic disorder (PD). It remains unknown whether LE can act as moderators in the context of gene‐by‐environment interactions (G×E) that alter the susceptibility to PD and the related trait of CO2 sensitivity, nor it is known whether such moderation may depend on occurrence of events at different epochs in life. In 712 general population twins we analyzed by Maximum Likelihood analyses of ordinal data whether life (major‐ and stressful) events moderate the genetic risk for PD and CO2 sensitivity, as indexed by the 35% CO2/65% O2 challenge. For CO2 sensitivity, best‐fitting models encompassed both additive and interactional effects that increased linearly with the cumulative number and severity (SEV) of events in lifetime. By analyzing the moderation effect of cumulative SEV separately for events that had occurred in adulthood (between age 18 and 37) or during childhood–adolescence (before the 18th birthday), we found evidence of G×E only within the childhood–adolescence window of risk, although twins had rated the childhood–adolescence events as significantly (P = 0.001) less severe than those having occurred during adulthood. For PD, all interactional terms could be dropped without significant worsening of the models' fit. Consistently with a diathesis‐stress model, LE appear to act as moderators of the genetic variance for CO2 sensitivity. Childhood–adolescence appears to constitute a sensitive period to the action of events that concur to alter the susceptibility to this panic‐related trait. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resource partitioning in sympatric langurs and macaques in tropical rainforests of the central Western Ghats, south India
Authors: Singh Mewa , Roy Kuladeep , Singh Mridula 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn a competitive sympatric association, coexisting species may try to reduce interspecific interactions as well as competition for similar resources by several ecological and behavioral practices. We studied resource utilization of three sympatric primate species namely, lion‐tailed macaques (Macaca silenus), bonnet macaques (M. radiata) and Hanuman langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) in a tropical rainforest of the central Western Ghats, south India. We studied resource use, tree‐height use, foraging height, substrate use when consuming animal prey and interspecific interactions. The results revealed that across the year, there was very limited niche overlap in diet between each species‐pair. Each primate species largely depended on different plant species or different plant parts and phenophases from shared plant species. Primate species used different heights for foraging, and the two macaque species searched different substrates when foraging on animal prey. We also recorded season‐wise resource abundance for the resources shared by these three primate species. While there was low dietary overlap during the dry season (a period of relatively low resource abundance), there was high dietary overlap between the two macaque species during the wet season (a period of high resource abundance for the shared resources). We observed only a few interspecific interactions. None of these were agonistic, even during the period of high niche overlap. This suggests that the sympatric primate species in this region are characterized by little or no contest competition. Unlike in some other regions of the Western Ghats, the lack of interspecific feeding competition appears to allow these primates, especially the macaques, to remain sympatric year‐round. Am. J. Primatol. 73:335–346, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Space to choose: network analysis of social preferences in a captive chimpanzee community, and implications for management
Authors: Clark Fay E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSocial network analysis (SNA) is rapidly gaining popularity in primatology, but its application to the management of zoo‐housed primates has been largely overlooked. Here I use SNA techniques to explore the social structure of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) housed in the new “Budongo Trail” exhibit at Edinburgh Zoo, UK. Given that individuals have extensive space (2332 m2), and access to several interconnected exhibit sections, I test the hypothesis that individuals are able to choose to interact with specific social partners. Spatial association and social interaction data were recorded from 400 focal watches on 11 individuals, and association, affiliative, and agonistic networks were constructed. Matrix correlations showed that individuals who spent time in close proximity were likely to affiliate with one another, but spatial association did not predict the frequency of agonistic encounters. Cluster analysis revealed significantly distinct sub‐groups in the affiliative network (but not association or agonistic networks) in line with maternal kinship. Overall my findings support the hypothesis that the Budongo Trail exhibit facilitates the expression of social preferences, and suggests that SNA can be a useful tool to study zoo primates when proximity between individuals is not forced (i.e. in large, modern exhibits). Now that I have validated a set of SNA methods for this community, they can be used to trace changes in social dynamics over a longer time period, and ultimately assist zoo staff in their management decisions. Am. J. Primatol. 73:748–757, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of natal male alliances on aggression and power dynamics in rhesus macaques
Authors: Beisner B.A. , Jackson M.E. , Cameron A. , McCowan B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the wild, male rhesus macaques disperse at sexual maturity. In captivity, however, males cannot disperse from their natal groups. Thus, the presence of natal males in captive rhesus social groups is unnatural and has the potential to negatively influence group dynamics and stability. A primary difference between natal males and non‐natal (immigrant) males is that natal males have the opportunity to form long‐term alliances with their maternal kin as well as nonkin. We investigated the factors associated with natal males' kin alliances and the impact of these alliances on measures of natal male behavior, group dynamics, and group stability. We found that natal males more frequently formed alliances with maternal kin when they were from high‐ranking matrilines, had more siblings, and were younger. More frequent kin alliances were associated with more frequent use of intense aggression, higher individual rank, and higher degree of integration within the male displacement network. Thus, it seems that natal males use their alliances to be more active and influential in the social group, which may affect group stability. It appears that juvenile natal males from high‐ranking matrilines, in particular, have the largest impact on group stability. Younger natal males from high‐ranking matrilines formed alliances with kin more frequently and used intense aggression more frequently than older or lower ranking males. Furthermore, groups with a higher proportion of juvenile males from high‐ranking matrilines also had higher rates of wounding. We suggest that the presence of natal males in rhesus groups may act in opposition to group stability. Am. J. Primatol. 73:790–801, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
γ‐radiation‐induced preparation of polyamidoxime resins and their adsorption of methyl violet
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz H. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPoly(acrylic acid–amidoxime) [P(AA–AO)] and poly(maleic acid–amidoxime) [P(MA–AO)] resins were prepared by the γ‐radiation‐induced copolymerization of acrylonitrile with acrylic acid and maleic acid, respectively. The obtained resins were amidoximated by reaction with hydroxylamine. The prepared resins were used for the removal of methyl violet (MV) dye from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were made by the measurement of the effects of pH, the amount of adsorbent, the contact time, and the adsorbate concentration. The adsorption isotherm of MV onto P(AA–AO) and P(MA–AO) was determined at 25°C with initial MV dye concentrations of 10–70 mg/L. The equilibrium data were analyzed with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacities of 398.4 and 396.8 mg/L for P(AA–AO) and P(MA–AO), respectively. The kinetics of adsorption of MV onto P(AA–AO) and P(MA–AO) are discussed. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model described the adsorption of MV onto P(AA–AO) and P(MA–AO) very well. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011