bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Power‐Efficient, Electrically Programmable, Multi‐State Photonic Flash Memory on a Heterogeneous III‐V/Si Platform
Authors: Cheung Stanley , Liang Di , Yuan Yuan , Peng Yiwei , Tossoun Bassem , Hu Yingtao , Xiao Xian , Sorin Wayne V. , Kurczveil Geza , Beausoleil Raymond G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNon‐volatile charge‐trap flash memory (CTM) co‐located with heterogeneous III‐V/Si photonics is demonstrated. The wafer‐bonded III‐V/Si CTM cell facilitates non‐volatile optical functionality for a variety of devices such as Mach–Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs), asymmetric MZI lattice filters, and ring resonator filters. The MZI CTM exhibits full write/erase operation (100 cycles with 500 states) with wavelength shifts of Δλnon‐volatile = 1.16 nm (Δneff,non‐volatile ≈ 2.5 × 10−4) and a dynamic power consumption <20 pW (limited by measurement). Multi‐bit write operation (2 bits) is also demonstrated and verified over a time duration of 24 h and most likely beyond. The cascaded second order ring resonator CTM filter exhibited an improved ER of ≈7.11 dB compared to the MZI and wavelength shifts of Δλnon‐volatile = 0.041 nm (Δneff, non‐volatile = 1.5 × 10−4) with similar pW‐level dynamic power consumption as the MZI CTM. The ability to co‐locate photonic computing elements and non‐volatile memory provides an attractive path toward eliminating the von‐Neumann bottleneck.
Effect of Layered Double Hydroxide and Its Localization on the Structure and Properties of PBAT/PPC Composites
Authors: Jiang Guo , Wang Shengying , Ren Yihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe blends of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), chain extender (ADR) and layered double hydroxides (LDH) are prepared by different extrusion methods. Effects of LDH and its distribution on rheology, phase morphology, mechanical properties, water vapor barrier properties and food preservation properties are investigated. Results show that when PBAT, PPC, and LDH are mixed directly, LDH is preferentially distributed in the PBAT phase. When LDH are mixed with PPC firstly and then further with PBAT, LDH mostly migrates to the interface of PBAT and PPC. The epoxy groups of ADR react with the terminal groups of the polymers to improve the interfacial compatibility. Adding LDH, the mechanical properties and barrier properties of the materials are improved and by premixing of PPC and LDH, properties of composites are further improved. Compared with PBAT/PPC blends, the tensile strength and elongation at break of PBAT/PPC(LDH‐0.5)/ADR increased by 25.2% and 15.3%, respectively. The banana packaged in PBAT/PPC/LDH films maintains good freshness. It illustrates that PBAT/PPC(LDH)/ADR composites have a good application prospect in the field of barrier and food packaging based on their excellent mechanical, barrier, and preservation properties.
Performance of artificial intelligence versus clinicians on the detection of contact between mandibular third molar and inferior alveolar nerve
Authors: Yari Amir , Fasih Paniz , Nouralishahi Atieh , Mohammadikhah Meysam , Nikeghbal Dorsa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess the performance of the ResNet‐50 deep learning algorithm in classifying panoramic images to determine contact between mandibular third molars and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), comparing its performance with newly graduated dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgery specialists.MethodsPanoramic radiographs of mandibular third molars were retrieved from the Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences. The images were independently classified as “contact” or “none‐contact” by the ResNet‐50 model, three newly graduated dentists, and three oral and maxillofacial surgery specialists. A maxillofacial radiologist sets the gold standard using cone beam‐CT. The accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and dice coefficient were calculated for each group, with inter‐rater reliability assessed using Cohen's kappa value.ResultsOf the 548 images retrieved, 15% were allocated as the testing dataset, amounting to 82 images. The deep learning model showed the highest performance metrics, with an accuracy of 87.80%, precision of 78.57%, recall of 84.61%, specificity of 89.28%, and dice coefficient of 81.48%. Conversely, novice dentists had the lowest performance metrics (accuracy: 74.39% ± 2.99%, precision: 57.75% ± 4.33%, recall: 74.36% ± 1.81%, specificity: 74.4% ± 4.46%, and dice coefficient: 64.87% ± 2.69%). Specialists demonstrated accuracy of 84.96% ± 1.52%, precision of 72.65% ± 2.78%, recall of 84.61% ± 3.14%, specificity of 85.12% ± 2.23%, and dice coefficient of 78.11% ± 1.99%.ConclusionDeep learning algorithms can achieve comparable outcomes with oral and maxillofacial specialists and may outperform novice clinicians in diagnosing contact between third molars and IAN.
Treatment of relapsed/refractory severe aplastic anemia in children: Evidence‐based recommendations
Authors: Shimano Kristin A. , Sasa Ghadir , Broglie Larisa , Gloude Nicholas J. , Myers Kasiani , Nakano Taizo A. , Sharathkumar Anjali , Rothman Jennifer A. , Pereda Maria A. , Overholt Kathleen , Narla Anupama , McGuinn Catherine , Lau Bonnie W. , Geddis Amy E. , Dror Yigal , de Jong Jill L. O. , Castillo Paul , Allen Steven W. , Boklan Jessica 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSevere aplastic anemia (SAA) is a rare potentially fatal hematologic disorder. Although overall outcomes with treatment are excellent, there are variations in management approach, including differences in treatment between adult and pediatric patients. Certain aspects of treatment are under active investigation in clinical trials. Because of the rarity of the disease, some pediatric hematologists may have relatively limited experience with the complex management of SAA. The following recommendations reflect an up‐to‐date evidence‐based approach to the treatment of children with relapsed or refractory SAA.
Biosynthesis, characterization, and anticoagulant properties of copper nanoparticles from red seaweed of Acanthophora sp.
Authors: Krishnaswamy Jayaharini , Christupaul Roseline Pauline , Kannan Kamala , Dhanraj Ganapathy , Sivaperumal Pitchiah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn the last few decades, nanoparticles have found extensive use in a variety of biological applications. Traditional medicine widely uses Acanthophora sp., a marine macroalgae, to cure and prevent diabetes, skin disorders, and blood clotting.ObjectiveThe present study aims to investigate whether green‐synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) might work as an anticoagulant.MethodologyThe CuNPs were made using an environmentally friendly method that uses Acanthophora extract. We used UV‐vis spectroscopy to assess the surface plasmon resonance of the material, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze its form, and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy to identify the material's constituent elements. Furthermore, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) determined the functional groups of the CuNPs.ResultsThe biosynthesis of CuNPs was confirmed by UV‐vis spectroscopy, which showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 570 nm. The FT‐IR analysis showed that certain functional groups are involved in the formation of CuNPs. These groups include OH stretching, C=O stretching, C‐H bonding, C‐N bonding, and Cu vibration. SEM analysis demonstrated the morphology of CuNPs synthesized, with a size of 0.5 μm, while EDS analysis confirmed their purity. The anticoagulant activity of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assays showed that the clotting time got longer depending on the concentration. The CuNPs synthesized from Acanthophora had strong anticoagulant effects at 100 μg/mL, further suggesting that they might be useful as a natural blood thinner.ConclusionThe interesting thing we observed is that the green‐synthesized CuNPs made from Acanthophora extract could be used in anticoagulation therapy.
Truncating variants in PAPSS2 gene: A cause of early prenatal onset brachyolmia?
Authors: Biancotto Giulia , Rosti Giulia , Madia Francesca , Capra Valeria , Scala Marcello , Aleo Elena , Paladini Dario 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBrachyolmia is a rare form of skeletal dysplasia characterized by a wide genetic and clinical heterogeneity. This condition is usually diagnosed postnatally, and very few cases of prenatal diagnosis have been described so far. Here, we report a case of a pregnant woman at 20 weeks' gestation referred to our center because of fetal short long bones. On targeted ultrasound, mild bowing of the femurs and fibulae and mild micrognathia were also observed. Exome sequencing analysis showed the presence in compound heterozygosity of two pathogenic variants—both truncating variants—in the 3‐prime‐phosphoadenosine 5‐prime‐phosphosulfate synthase 2 (PAPSS2) gene, known to cause brachyolmia type 4 (OMIM #612847). Of note, all of the few cases reported prenatally have indeed truncating variants. Hence, we speculate this kind of variant is likely responsible for a complete loss of function of the protein leading to an earlier and more severe phenotype.
Effect of aquatic exercise versus aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea and quality of life in adolescent females: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abdelrahman Asmaa Y. , El‐Kosery Soheir M. , Abbassy Amr H. , Botla Afaf M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary dysmenorrhea leads to significant gynecological consultations, school absenteeism, disrupted daily activities, and adversely affects overall quality of life (QOL).PurposeThis study compared the effects of aquatic exercise versus aerobic exercise on primary dysmenorrhea and QOL in adolescent females.Subjects and MethodsSixty adolescent females suffering from primary dysmenorrhea with moderate to severe intensity were distributed randomly and equally into two groups was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06129708) the Registration Date, November 13, 2023; group A was treated by aquatic exercise for 12 weeks, while group B was treated by aerobic exercise for 12 weeks. Assessment of both groups before and after treatment involved evaluating dysmenorrhea severity using the WaLIDD Score, measuring pain intensity with the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), determining pressure pain threshold (PPT) with an algometry, and evaluating the QOL using EuroQol—5 Dimension—3 Level (EQ‐5D‐3L) and EuroQol‐visual analog scale (EQ‐VAS).ResultsBoth groups, A and B, experienced significant reductions in the WaLIDD score, NPRS, and all domains of EQ‐5D‐3L (p < 0.05), coupled with significant increases in PPT and EQ‐VAS (p < 0.05). Posttreatment comparisons between the groups showed insignificant differences in WaLIDD score, NPRS, and PPT (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in EQ‐5D‐3L and a significant increase in EQ‐VAS, favoring group A (p < 0.05).ConclusionBoth aquatic and aerobic exercises are effective methods in primary dysmenorrhea management and QOL improvement in adolescent females, with a better effect of aquatic exercise in enhancing QOL.
A mechanistic insight into the anticancer potentials of resveratrol: Current perspectives
Authors: Bhuia Md. Shimul , Chowdhury Raihan , Akter Mst. Asma , Ali Md. Arman , Afroz Meher , Akbor Md. Showkot , Sonia Fatema Akter , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Islam Muhammad Torequl 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResveratrol is a widely recognized polyphenolic phytochemical found in various plants and their fruits, such as peanuts, grapes, and berry fruits. It is renowned for its several health advantages. The phytochemical is well known for its anticancer properties, and a substantial amount of clinical evidence has also established its promise as a chemotherapeutic agent. This study focuses on assessing the anticancer properties of resveratrol and gaining insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms. It also evaluates the biopharmaceutical, toxicological characteristics, and clinical utilization of resveratrol to determine its suitability for further development as a reliable anticancer agent. Therefore, the information about preclinical and clinical studies was collected from different electronic databases up‐to‐date (2018–2023). Findings from this study revealed that resveratrol has potent therapeutic benefits against various cancers involving different molecular mechanisms, such as induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell migration and invasion, autophagy, arresting of the S phase of the cell cycle, apoptotic, anti‐angiogenic, and antiproliferative effects by regulating different molecular pathways including PI3K/AKT, p38/MAPK/ERK, NGFR‐AMPK‐mTOR, and so on. However, the compound has poor oral bioavailability due to reduced absorption; this limitation is overcome by applying nanotechnology (nanoformulation of resveratrol). Clinical application also showed therapeutic benefits in several types of cancer with no serious adverse effects. We suggest additional extensive studies to further check the efficacy, safety, and long‐term hazards. This could involve a larger number of clinical samples to establish the compound as a reliable drug in the treatment of cancer.
Evidence‐based fault tree analysis of the hydraulic system in CNC machine tools
Authors: Chen Hong‐Xia , Xie Sui‐Xin , Zhang Jun‐Feng , Chen Wang‐Hao , Niu Bo , Zhang Jiao‐Teng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe hydraulic system is an integral part of CNC machine tools. In analyzing the reliability of machine tool hydraulic systems, their failures are influenced by both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. This paper utilizes the fault tree analysis method to address failure modes subject to epistemic uncertainty, using the interval rough number scoring method to evaluate the probability of such failures occurring. The resulting reliability calculation is termed as “subjective reliability”. For failure modes influenced by aleatory uncertainty, objective data combined with the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory is used to determine their failure probability, with the corresponding reliability calculation referred to as “objective reliability”. Finally, a comprehensive calculation of both subjective and objective reliability is conducted to determine the overall reliability of the hydraulic system, along with the ranking of the importance of basic events of fault tree. This methodology covers scenarios with small samples, sufficient data, and their combinations, offering extensive application prospects.
Transient and elusive intermediate states in self‐assembly processes: An overview
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Hu Ze , Xing Junfei , Li Quan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe transient and elusive intermediate states are the keys in self‐assembly processes, which are common phenomena shaping the structure, properties, and functionalities of assembled materials across many scientific domains. However, the understanding about the intermediate states of self‐assembly process is always challenging and limited. In this review, we focus on these states by combining theoretical and experimental approaches. By examining a wide variety of self‐assembly systems that span from biological to metal–organic nanostructures, this review uncovers the wealth of intermediate states of self‐assembled materials. In addition to combining the current knowledge, it will identify challenges and provide a new insight into the opportunities for future research.
High‐Performance Hard X‐Ray Imaging Detector Using Facet‐Dependent Bismuth Vanadate
Authors: Fan Zhenghui , Lei Lin , Tie Shujie , Dong Siyin , Yuan Ruihan , Zhou Bin , Zheng Xiaojia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBismuth vanadate (BiVO4) exhibits large absorption efficiency for hard X‐rays, which endows it with a robust capacity to attenuate X‐ray radiation across a broad energy range. The anisotropic properties of BiVO4 allow for the manipulation of their physical and chemical characteristics through crystallographic orientation and exposed facets. In this study, the issue of heavy recombination caused by sluggish electron transport in BiVO4 is successfully addressed by enhancing the abundance of the (040) crystal face ratio using a Co2+ crystal face exposure agent. The facet‐dependent modifications exhibit excellent and balanced intrinsic charge transport properties, and finely optimize both the sensitivity and detection limit of BiVO4 X‐ray detectors. As a result, ultra‐stable BiVO4 metal oxide X‐ray detectors demonstrate a high sensitivity of 3164 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 20.76 nGyair s−1 under 110 kVp hard X‐rays, establishing a new benchmark for X‐ray detectors based on polycrystalline Bi‐halides and metal oxides. These findings highlight the significance of crystal orientation in optimizing materials for X‐ray detection, setting a new sensitivity record for X‐ray detectors based on polycrystalline Bi‐halides and metal oxides, which paves the way for the development of advanced, low‐dose, and highly stable imaging systems specifically for hard X‐rays.
Cu‐N Synergism Regulation to Enhance Anionic Redox Reversibility and Activity of Li‐ and Mn‐Rich Layered Oxides Cathode
Authors: Wu Zhijun , Yan Chenhui , Gao Panyu , She Liaona , Zhang Xin , Lin Yue , Yu Xuebin , Liu Yongfeng , Sun Wenping , Jiang Yinzhu , Yang Yaxiong , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnionic redox chemistry enables extraordinary capacity for Li‐ and Mn‐rich layered oxides (LMROs) cathodes. Unfortunately, irreversible surface oxygen evolution evokes the pernicious phase transition, structural deterioration, and severe electrode‐electrolyte interface side reaction with element dissolution, resulting in fast capacity and voltage fading of LMROs during cycling and hindering its commercialization. Herein, a redox couple strategy is proposed by utilizing copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) to address the irreversibility of anionic redox. The Cu‐N synergistic effect of CuPc could not only inhibit surface oxygen evolution by reducing the peroxide ion O22− back to lattice oxygen O2−, but also enhance the reaction activity and reversibility of anionic redox in bulk to achieve a higher capacity and cycling stability. Moreover, the CuPc strategy suppresses the interface side reaction and induces the forming of a uniform and robust LiF‐rich cathode electrolyte, interphase (CEI) to significantly eliminate transition metal dissolution. As a result, the CuPc‐enhanced LMRO cathode shows superb cycling performance with a capacity retention of 95.0% after 500 long‐term cycles. This study sheds light on the great effect of N‐based redox couple to regulate anionic redox behavior and promote the development of high energy density and high stability LMROs cathode.
Rapid and In‐Field Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide in Plant by Hydrogel Microneedle Patch
Authors: Wu Xinyue , Pan Yuxiang , Li Xunjia , Shao Yuzhou , Peng Bo , Zhang Chao , Zhang Chi , Yao Shiyun , Ping Jianfeng , Ying Yibin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapidly changing climate is exacerbating the environmental stress that negatively impacts crop health and yield. Timely sensing of plant response to stress is beneficial to timely adjust planting conditions, promoting the healthy growth of plants, and improving plant productivity. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important molecule of signal transduction in plants. However, the common methods for detecting H2O2 in plants are associated with certain drawbacks, such as long extraction time, cumbersome steps, dependence on large instruments, and difficulty in realizing in‐field sensing. Therefore, it is urgent to establish more efficient detection methods to realize the rapid detection of H2O2 content in plants. In this research, poly (methyl vinyl ether‐alt‐maleic acid) (PMVE/MA) hydrogel microneedle (MN) patch for rapid extraction of leaf sap are prepared, and the extraction mechanism of PEG‐crosslinked PMVE/MA hydrogel MN patch is studied. A method of rapid detection of H2O2 content in plants based on MN patch with optical detection technology is constructed. The hydrogel MN patch can be used for timely H2O2 analysis. This application enables new opportunities in plant engineering, and can be extended to the safety and health monitoring of other plants and animals.
Unlocking the Potential of CO2 Capture: A Synergistic Hybridization Strategy for Polymeric Hydrogels with Tunable Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Gu Yucong , Wang Gaopeng , Chen Xuanzhou , Xu Xiaohan , Liu Yanghe , Yang Jintao , Zhang Dong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnlocking CO2 capture potential remains a complex and challenging endeavor. Here, a blueprint is crafted for optimizing materials through CO2 capture and developing a synergistic hybridization strategy that involves synthesizing CO2‐responsive hydrogels by integrating polymeric networks interpenetrated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) chains and inorganic CaCl2. Diverging from conventional CO2 absorbents, which typically serve a singular function in CO2 capture, these hybrid PEAC hydrogels additionally harness its presence to tune their optical and mechanical properties once interacting with CO2. Such synergistic functions entail two significant steps: (i) rapid CO2‐fixing through PEI chains to generate abundant carbamic acid and carbamate species and (ii) mineralization via CaCl2 to induce the formation of CaCO3 micro‐crystals within the hydrogel matrix. Due to the reversible bonding, the PEAC hydrogels enable the decoupling of CO2 through an acid fumigation treatment or a heating process, achieving dynamic CO2 capture‐release cycles up to 8 times. Furthermore, the polyethyleneimine‐acrylamide‐calcium chloride (PEAC) hydrogel exhibits varying antibacterial attributes and high interfacial adhesive strength, which can be modulated by fine‐tuning the compositions of PEI and CaCl2. This versatility underscores the promising potential of PEAC hydrogels, which not only unlocks CO2 capture capabilities but also offers opportunities in diverse biological and biomedical applications.
Dual‐Interface Solar Evaporator with Highly‐Efficient Thermal Regulation via Suspended Multilayer Design
Authors: He Nan , Sun Xisheng , Wang Haonan , Wang Bingsen , Tang Dawei , Li Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFacing the increasing global shortage of freshwater resources, this study presents a suspended multilayer evaporator (SMLE), designed to tackle the principal issues plaguing current solar‐driven interfacial evaporation technologies, specifically, substantial thermal losses and limited water production. This approach, through the implementation of a multilayer structural design, enables superior thermal regulation throughout the evaporation process. This evaporator consists of a radiation damping layer, a photothermal conversion layer, and a bottom layer that leverages radiation, wherein the bottom layer exhibits a notable infrared emissivity. The distinctive feature of the design effectively reduces radiative heat loss and facilitates dual‐interface evaporation by heating the water surface through mid‐infrared radiation. The refined design leads to a notable evaporation rate of 2.83 kg m−2 h−1. Numerical simulations and practical performance evaluations validate the effectiveness of the multilayer evaporator in actual use scenarios. This energy‐recycling and dual‐interface evaporation multilayered approach propels the design of high‐efficiency solar‐driven interfacial evaporators forward, presenting new insights into developing effective water‐energy transformation systems.