bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum and CSF soluble CD26 and CD30 concentrations in healthy pediatric surgical outpatients
Authors: Delezuch W. , Marttinen P. , Kokki H. , Heikkinen M. , Vanamo K. , Pulkki K. , Matinlauri I. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractActivated T‐helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes induce a cellular type immune response, and Th2 lymphocytes, a humoral or antibody‐mediated type immune response. Soluble CD26 (sCD26) and soluble CD30 (sCD30) are regarded as markers of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte activation, respectively. Serum from 112 generally healthy pediatric surgical patients and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 39, aged 1–17 years were measured for sCD26 and sCD30 using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. The detection limit for sCD26 was 6.8 ng/ml and for sCD30, 1.9 IU/ml. For serum sCD26 and sCD30, 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles constituted the reference limits, and the 95% credible intervals for the percentiles were calculated using regression models with a Bayesian approach. A significant between‐gender difference was observed (P = 0.015) in serum sCD26 concentration, of which the lower limits ranged between 273 and 716 ng/ml for girls and 235 and 797 ng/ml for boys. The upper limits ranged between 1456 and 1898 ng/ml for girls and between 1419 and 1981 ng/ml for boys. Moreover, the concentrations of sCD26 increased in infants and children up to 10 years in girls and 12 years in boys. After this however, the values decreased. The serum sCD30 concentration was highest among the youngest infants aged 1 year (80–193 IU/ml), after which a consistent age‐related decrease was found. The lowest values were found at the age of 17 years (10–89 IU/ml). A significant between‐gender difference in sCD30 concentration was observed (P = 0.019). sCD26 and sCD30 concentrations were low in the CSF samples analyzed: 13.3 ng/ml (median); range 8.3–51.5 ng/ml and 7.6 IU/ml; 2.1–18.5 IU/ml, respectively. Reference limits for serum sCD26 in children aged 1–17 years were established as being 235–1800 ng/ml in toddlers and 400–1800 ng/ml in female adolescents and 700–2000 ng/ml in male adolescents. For sCD30; reference limits of 80–190 IU/ml were established in the youngest age group and 10–90 IU/ml in adolescents.
Bartonella henselae‐mediated disease in solid organ transplant recipients: two pediatric cases and a literature review
Authors: Rostad C.A. , McElroy A.K. , Hilinski J.A. , Thompson M.P. , Drew C.P. , Denison A.M. , Zaki S.R. , Mahle W.T. , Rogers J. , Abramowsky C.R. , Shehata B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBartonella henselae, the etiologic agent of cat‐scratch disease, causes a well‐defined, self‐limited syndrome of fever and regional lymphadenopathy in immunocompetent hosts. In immunocompromised hosts, however, B. henselae can cause severe disseminated disease and pathologic vasoproliferation known as bacillary angiomatosis (BA) or bacillary peliosis. BA was first recognized in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. It has become more frequently recognized in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, but reports of pediatric cases remain rare. Our review of the literature revealed only one previously reported case of BA in a pediatric SOT recipient. We herein present 2 pediatric cases, one of which is the first reported case of BA in a pediatric cardiac transplant recipient, to our knowledge. In addition, we review and summarize the literature pertaining to all cases of B. henselae‐mediated disease in SOT recipients.
Multiple viral infections after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ernst J. , Sauerbrei A. , Krumbholz A. , Egerer R. , Mentzel H.‐J. , Kurzai M. , Häfer R. , Beck J.F. , Gruhn B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAfter allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), viral infections/reactivations are a frequent complication, sometimes with fatal outcome. Thus, early diagnosis is recommended by screening of whole blood or plasma preparations using highly sensitive molecular techniques that test for the most common viral pathogens, such as Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and adenoviruses (ADVs). Despite this approach, not every reactivation/infection can be adequately detected or excluded, even with highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction. Particularly after toxic treatment, uncommon infections or infections resistant to first‐line treatment can occur, even in unusual locations. Herein, we present the case of a child with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic HSCT who suffered from 5 different viral reactivations/infections, including acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 esophagitis, human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis, rotavirus gastroenteritis, respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia, and ADV esophagitis, despite routinely performed blood examinations for viral pathogens remaining unrevealing at all times.
Historical contingency and behavioural divergence in territorial Anolis lizards
Authors: Ord T. J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe extent that evolution – including adaptation – is historically contingent (dependent on past events) has often been hotly debated, but is still poorly understood. In particular, there are little data on the degree that behaviour, an aspect of the phenotype that is strongly linked to contemporary environments (social or physical), retains the imprint of evolutionary history. In this study, I examined whether differences in the design of the territorial displays among species of Caribbean Anolis lizards reflect island‐specific selection regimes, or historically contingent predispositions associated with different clade histories. Adult males advertise territory ownership using a series of headbobs and dewlap extensions, bouts of which vary in duration among species. When display durations were mapped onto the Anolis phylogeny, prominent differences between species belonging to the Western and Eastern Caribbean radiations were apparent. Statistical analyses confirmed that species differences in the duration of headbob displays, and to some extent the duration of dewlap extensions, were historically contingent. The unique evolutionary histories of each clade have seemingly had a profound effect on the subsequent direction of display evolution among descendent taxa. These results combined with those from previous studies on these lizards show that past history can have an important impact on the type of behaviour exhibited by species today, to the point that adaptive evolution can proceed quite differently in lineages originating from different evolutionary starting points.
Asymmetric time‐dependent activation of right central amygdala neurones in rats with peripheral neuropathy and pregabalin modulation
Authors: Gonçalves Leonor , Dickenson Anthony H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNeuropathic pain (NP) often presents with comorbidities, including depression and anxiety. The amygdala is involved in the processing of mood disorders, fear, and the emotional‐affective components of pain. Hemispheric lateralization of pain processing in the amygdala has recently been brought to light because, independently of the side of the peripheral injury, the right central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) showed higher neuronal activity than the left in models of inflammatory pain. Although the CeA has been called the ‘nociceptive amygdala’, because of its high content of nociceptive neurones, little is known about changes in its neuronal function in vivo, under NP conditions. Herein, we quantified CeA spontaneous and evoked activity in rats subjected to spinal nerve ligation (SNL), under isoflurane anaesthesia, following application of mechanical and thermal stimuli to widespread body areas. We found that spontaneous and stimulus‐evoked neuronal activity was higher in the left CeA at 2 and 6 days after SNL induction and declined afterwards, whereas activity in the right CeA became dominant at 14 days after surgery, independently of the side of surgery. We also observed that systemic injection of pregabalin, which is widely used in patients with NP, reduced CeA spontaneous and stimulus‐evoked neuronal activity. Overall, we observed that peripheral nerve injury produced asymmetric plasticity in ongoing and evoked activity in the left and right CeA. Remarkably, at 14 days after SNL induction, enhanced evoked activity in the right CeA persisted compared to short‐term increases in activity in the left CeA. The plasticity found in ongoing and evoked activity was inhibited by pregabalin.
The novel GLP‐1‐gastrin dual agonist, ZP3022, increases β‐cell mass and prevents diabetes in db/db mice
Authors: Fosgerau K. , Jessen L. , Lind Tolborg J. , Østerlund T. , Schæffer Larsen K. , Rolsted K. , Brorson M. , Jelsing J. , Skovlund Ryge Neerup T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimDiabetes is characterized by β‐cell deficiency, and therefore restoration of β‐cell function has been suggested as a potential therapy. We hypothesized that a novel glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)‐gastrin dual agonist, ZP3022, improves glycaemic control via improvement of β‐cell status in db/db mice.MethodsDiabetic mice were studied following short‐ or long‐term treatment with either the GLP‐1‐gastrin dual agonist or the commercially available GLP‐1 agonists (exendin‐4 and liraglutide). The effects on glycaemic control were addressed by repeated glucose tolerance tests and/or measurements of HbA1c levels, and pancreatic islet and β‐cell masses were determined by stereology.ResultsZP3022 and the pure GLP‐1 agonists improved glycaemic control after both short‐ and long‐term treatment compared with vehicle. Interestingly, the effect was sustainable only in mice treated with ZP3022. Stereology data displayed a dose‐dependent increase of β‐cell mass (p < 0.05) following treatment with ZP3022, whereas no significant effect of liraglutide was observed (β‐cell mass: vehicle 3.7 ± 0.2 mg; liraglutide (30 nmol/kg) 3.4 ± 0.5 mg; ZP3022 (30 nmol/kg) 4.3 ± 0.4 mg and ZP3022 (100 nmol/kg) 5.2 ± 0.4 mg).ConclusionThe novel GLP‐1‐gastrin dual agonist, ZP3022, improved glycaemic control in db/db mice, and pancreatic islet and β‐cell mass increased significantly following treatment with ZP3022 compared with vehicle.
Preputial/penile skin flap, as a dorsal onlay or tubularized flap: a versatile substitute for complex anterior urethral stricture
Authors: Srivastava Alok , Vashishtha Saurabh , Singh Uday Pratap , Srivastava Aneesh , Ansari Mohd S. , Kapoor Rohit , Pradhan Manas R. , Kapoor Rakesh 
Published: August 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?For long complex anterior urethral stricture augmentation urethroplasty is considered the standard procedure but the best substitute material is still to be ascertained.Preputial/penile skin is a very good substitute especially when used as a dorsal onlay. It demonstrates exceptional functional and cosmetic results even in patients with unsuitable oral mucosa.OBJECTIVE
To present our experience of single‐stage reconstruction of urethral stricture with preputial/penile skin flap, as a dorsal onlay flap (DOF) where there is an adequate urethral plate and as a tubularized flap (TF) where there is a compromised urethral plate, in cases of complex anterior urethral strictures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 144 patients, who underwent single‐stage repair of pendular /bulbar urethral strictures with preputial/penile flap as either a DOF or a TF, between January 2001 and December 2008.
Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of patients who underwent transverse preputial DOF; Group 2 consisted of those who underwent tube urethroplasty; and Group 3 consisted of those patients who were circumcised and for whom the penile skin was used as a DOF (circumpenile flap).
Patients were followed up by physical examination, retrograde urethrography, uroflowmetry and post‐void residual urine measurement.
RESULTS
The mean follow‐up was 40.1 months (range 36–84 months).
The primary success rates at 1 year follow‐up were 90, 85 and 93.3% for Groups1, 2 and 3, respectively, and at 3‐years follow‐up they were 85, 75 and 86.7%, respectively.
Half of the recurrences were successfully managed with a single visual internal urethrotomy or dilatation.
The secondary success rate was defined as recurrent stricture managed by a single endoscopic procedure and was 5, 10 and 6.8% in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The overall success rate was 90.85 and 93.3%, respectively.
A total of 75% of the patients in the study completed 60 months of follow‐up with no additional recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS
A preputial/penile flap for complex anterior urethral stricture is a good treatment option, with results similar to other techniques, has acceptable donor site morbidity and is effective even in circumcised patients and for those patients with unsuitable oral mucosa.
A DOF is less likely to lead to diverticula formation and post‐void dribbling. TFs have a higher failure rate than DOFs but, when combined judiciously with secondary endoscopic procedures, can provide good results.
Social Intermediation in Base‐of‐the‐Pyramid Markets
Authors: Kistruck Geoffrey M. , Beamish Paul W. , Qureshi Israr , Sutter Christopher J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOur study explores the structuring decisions made by intermediaries seeking to alleviate poverty by connecting base‐of‐the‐pyramid markets with more developed markets. Using intermediation theory to ground our study, we collected qualitative data on 29 social intermediation projects located within Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Our findings suggest that ‘socializing’ intermediation theory to more accurately explain and predict structural outcomes across more diverse contexts requires three key modifications: (1) the attenuation of opportunism, which creates an internalizing social force; (2) the accommodation of non‐monetary objectives, which creates an externalizing social force; and (3) the perception of transaction capabilities as tractable, which serves as a guidepost for reconciling these two opposing social forces.
Transient Nod factor‐dependent gene expression in the nodulation‐competent zone of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) roots
Authors: Hayashi Satomi , Reid Dugald E. , Lorenc Michał T. , Stiller Jiri , Edwards David , Gresshoff Peter M. , Ferguson Brett J. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryAll lateral organ development in plants, such as nodulation in legumes, requires the temporal and spatial regulation of genes and gene networks. A total mRNA profiling approach using RNA‐seq to target the specific soybean (Glycine max) root tissues responding to compatible rhizobia [i.e. the Zone Of Nodulation (ZON)] revealed a large number of novel, often transient, mRNA changes occurring during the early stages of nodulation. Focusing on the ZON enabled us to discard the majority of root tissues and their developmentally diverse gene transcripts, thereby highlighting the lowly and transiently expressed nodulation‐specific genes. It also enabled us to concentrate on a precise moment in early nodule development at each sampling time. We focused on discovering genes regulated specifically by the Bradyrhizobium‐produced Nod factor signal, by inoculating roots with either a competent wild‐type or incompetent mutant (nodC−) strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Collectively, 2915 genes were identified as being differentially expressed, including many known soybean nodulation genes. A number of unknown nodulation gene candidates and soybean orthologues of nodulation genes previously reported in other legume species were also identified. The differential expression of several candidates was confirmed and further characterized via inoculation time‐course studies and qRT‐PCR. The expression of many genes, including an endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanase, a cytochrome P450 and a TIR‐LRR‐NBS receptor kinase, was transient, peaking quickly during the initiation of nodule ontogeny. Additional genes were found to be down‐regulated. Significantly, a set of differentially regulated genes acting in the gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis pathway was discovered, suggesting a novel role of GAs in nodulation.
Evolving concepts on adjusting human resting energy expenditure measurements for body size
Authors: Heymsfield S. B. , Thomas D. , Bosy‐Westphal A. , Shen W. , Peterson C. M. , Müller M. J. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryEstablishing if an adult's resting energy expenditure (REE) is high or low for their body size is a pervasive question in nutrition research. Early workers applied body mass and height as size measures and formulated the Surface Law and Kleiber's Law, although each has limitations when adjusting REE. Body composition methods introduced during the mid‐20th century provided a new opportunity to identify metabolically homogeneous ‘active’ compartments. These compartments all show improved correlations with REE estimates over body mass–height approaches, but collectively share a common limitation: REE‐body composition ratios are not ‘constant’ but vary across men and women and with race, age and body size. The now‐accepted alternative to ratio‐based norms is to adjust for predictors by applying regression models to calculate ‘residuals’ that establish if an REE is relatively high or low. The distinguishing feature of statistical REE‐body composition models is a ‘non‐zero’ intercept of unknown origin. The recent introduction of imaging methods has allowed development of physiological tissue–organ‐based REE prediction models. Herein, we apply these imaging methods to provide a mechanistic explanation, supported by experimental data, for the non‐zero intercept phenomenon and, in that context, propose future research directions for establishing between‐subject differences in relative energy metabolism.
Dworkin and Phenomenology of the “Pre‐Legal”?
Authors: GOORDEN DEAN 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRonald Dworkin states in his preface to “Law's Empire” (1986) that he is doing a phenomenology of law. In regards to a phenomenology of law, I wish to investigate Dworkin's theory of law, and subsequently, what is left out in order for it to be considered a phenomenological account. In doing so, I will compare Dworkin's phenomenology of law to Schütz's phenomenology of the social world. The comparison between the two will illuminate what I believe is necessary for law, and that is a Phenomenology of the Pre‐Legal.
Dynamic changing process of hope in early adolescence: Analysis of individual differences during the transition from elementary school to junior high school1
Authors: TSUZUKI MANABU 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the individual difference in trajectories of hope during the transition from elementary school to junior high school using seven waves of longitudinal data. The findings using 157 students from fifth to eighth grade showed there was a clear decrease in hope for the future for boys and girls, and also six different trajectories of hope for the future were found by cluster analyses. In contrast, a comparison between before and after transition using 755 students suggested hope for the future didn't change, but cluster analyses yielded six different fluctuations of hope for the future, which was similar to the results of the first analysis. In addition, the types with increment in hope showed an increase in self‐esteem and peer support, whereas the types with decrement in hope showed a decrease in self‐esteem and there was no difference in academic achievement between those types. Finally, the findings were discussed in terms of the importance of considering individual differences in hope to gain a better understanding of the developmental meaning of the transition from elementary school to junior high school.
Time orientation and identity formation: Long‐term longitudinal dynamics in emerging adulthood1
Authors: SHIRAI TOSHIAKI , NAKAMURA TOMOYASU , KATSUMA KUMIKO 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study explores how time orientation causes identity formation in emerging adulthood. We assume identity formation can be led by a balanced time orientation, which is defined as a time orientation with which individuals not only pursue a future goal but also combine it with living fully in the present. We used a long‐term longitudinal design. The participants (N = 181), who were college students at the beginning of this investigation, were followed from age 20–31 years. They were asked to answer a questionnaire that was composed of the Time Orientation Questionnaire (TOQ) and the Identity Status Scale (ISS). A bivariate latent growth curve model using the data at age 24, 27, and 30 years revealed that, as predicted, a balanced time orientation contributed to identity development. We mainly discuss the results of the analyses in terms of the role of a balanced time orientation in revising identity as they accommodate a wider range of life experiences during the transition to adulthood.
Time perspective and motivation in interpersonal contexts
Authors: KASHIO MATSUKO 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the relations between motivation and time perspective in interpersonal contexts. The participants were 327 university and nursing school students, who completed a questionnaire regarding achievement motivation, social support, responsibility toward others, and time perspective. This study found the following: First, motivation toward self‐fulfilling achievements was positively related to hope, goal pursuit, and fulfillment in the present. In contrast, motivation toward competing achievement was negatively related to goal pursuit and fulfillment in the present. Second, emotional support was positively related to hope, goal pursuit, fulfillment in the present, and acceptance of the past. Third, a sense of responsibility toward others was negatively related to hope, but positively related to goal pursuit. These findings demonstrate the importance of motivation in an interpersonal context that determines all dimensions of time perspectives, namely the future, the present, and the past.
European national poetry,Islam and the defeat of the medievalChurch
Authors: Aberbach David 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTheMuslim conquest of theHolyLand fromChristendom, the invasion of southwesternEurope in the eighth century, and theChristian struggle, ultimately unsuccessful, to regain theHolyLand fromIslam in theCrusades dominatedEuropean culture, particularly its poetry, for centuries. From theOldFrench epic,TheSong ofRoland(c. 1100) to theAlbanian epic,TheHighlandLute(early twentieth century), a vast popular culture grew inEuropean vernacular languages in response toMuslim invasions and conquests. This article attempts to elucidate in panoramic form a neglected area of nationalism. It argues that from the medieval period until the fall of theOttoman empire, poetry was instrumental in the rise ofEuropean national identities, partly in reaction to centuries of ascendancy of Islam, which undermined the authority of thePope, the universalChurch, theGospel andLatin. The defeat of the medievalChurch opened the way to narrower, more national and cultural concerns, reflected in a cluster of vernacularEuropean poetic traditions.