bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “day after” Basel 2: do regulators comply with banking culture?
Authors: Carretta Alessandro , Farina Vincenzo , Schwizer Paola 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the cultural fit between supervisory authorities and banks, considering cultural gaps as possible stumbling blocks for effective supervision.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a text‐analysis approach. The methodological assumption is that the analysis of culture is closely connected to the analysis of the type of language used by the members of an organization. To this aim, a cultural survey was developed in order to compare cultures of Bank of Italy, Italian banks, and Basel Committee during the years 1999 and 2004.FindingsThe results highlight several significant, but decreasing, cultural gaps relating to important issues for banks, such as risk, disclosure, change, and innovation.Practical implicationsThe evidence and the measurement of cultural gaps are useful elements for the identification of change actions by supervisors and banks. In fact, identified gaps could be detrimental for an effective supervision and could be a source of regulatory risk for regulated banks.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on an evolutionary aspect of text analysis, concerning standardization in the treatment of data, combined with the use of standard vocabularies. This allows a greater comparability of the output of the various studies, enabling us to further refine the methodology. The analysis model includes the definition of several concepts – such as “risk” and “disclosure” – at the base of the development of banking culture and representing basic goals of prudential regulation.
Corporate governance law effect in Greece
Authors: Lazarides Themistokles 
Published: November 2010

PurposeLegislators legislate, but how feasible and effective the implementation and enforcement of these laws are and how congruent with the countries characteristics, is under doubt. The paper seeks to argue that the Greek law on corporate governance (CG) had no effect on the fundamental elements of the corporate environment.Design/methodology/approachSeven hypotheses are tested using three different econometric methodologies (panel data, probit, and ordinal probit regression).FindingsThe paper pinpoints the legal disarrays and their impact on the firm and argues that there is a need for a new set of principles and laws that focus on the real issues of CG rather than the size, structure and leadership of the administrating bodies or the disclosure mechanisms.Research limitations/implicationsThe data used have been collected from the annual reports and not from questionnaires. Furthermore, there is no methodology to integrate all seven models to a structured or nested model.Practical implicationsThe study provides evidence that there is a need for a different set of provisions than the ones in the Anglo‐Saxon countries.Originality/valueThe paper uses a variety of methodologies and tests seven hypotheses. It takes a more holistic approach.
Reputation and stakeholder engagement: an Italian case study
Authors: Romenti Stefania 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to argue that corporate communication reaches its full potential in building corporate reputation, when it moves beyond the influencing of public opinion's perceptions, towards the shaping of organizational reality by engaging stakeholders as the main reputation drivers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the case study of a leading dairy company in Italy, Granarolo, where stakeholder engagement activities have been put at the centre of the corporate reputation development.FindingsIt is argued that corporate reputation of Granarolo has been built on a network of stakeholder partnerships through which the company continuously improves organizational learning and develops new business solutions. In particular, the activation of co‐decisional processes involving stakeholders, the building of partnerships, and the stimulation of supporting behaviours, enabled the company to recover from a severe loss of confidence by investors in the second half of the 1990s.Originality/valueThe paper proposes the case of a company where the corporate communication function effectively contributed to reputation development, because it moved beyond the mere activity of listening to stakeholders, towards a deeper engagement with stakeholders which looked for shared business solutions.
Option pricing for jump diffussion model with random volatility
Authors: Thavaneswaran A. , Singh Jagbir 
Published: November 2010

PurposeOption pricing based on Black‐Scholes model is typically obtained under the assumption that the volatility of the return is a constant. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new method for pricing derivatives under the jump diffusion model with random volatility by viewing the call price as an expected value of a truncated lognormal distribution.Design/methodology/approachUsing Taylor series expansion the call price under random volatility is expressed as a function of kurtosis of the observed volatility process and applied to various class of GARCH models.FindingsA modified option pricing formula is developed for jump diffusion process model with random volatility.Originality/valueThe main contribution of the paper is the development of a kurtosis‐dependent option pricing formula for a jump diffusion model with random volatility.
Impulse buying and cognitive dissonance: a study conducted among the spring break student shoppers
Authors: George Babu P. , Yaoyuneyong Gallayanee 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine certain aspects of the relationship between impulse buying and resulting cognitive dissonance in the context of spring break student shopping.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs exploratory analysis utilizing a quantitative approach. The sample population was drawn from college students who went on shopping trips during their spring break. The survey instrument measures the cognitive dissonance construct and the impulsive trait, among other things. Because spring break shopping by students differs from typical adult shopping, some context specific nuances are also explored.FindingsThe first hypothesis tested was that the level of cognitive dissonance resulting from impulsive buying would be significantly greater than that which occurred after a planned purchase. Additionally, informed by prior theory, it was expected that more impulsive individuals would experience a higher level of cognitive dissonance after an unplanned purchase than less impulsive individuals. However, the empirical data were found to directly contradict these hypotheses. Impulsive buyers seem to experience rather lower levels of cognitive dissonance than planned buyers. Likewise, when a typically non‐impulsive buyer makes an impulsive purchase, the cognitive dissonance experienced by him is seen to be significantly higher than when a typically impulsive buyer makes such a purchase. These findings lead to a new theory, according to which, impulse buying behavior may be a coping strategy used to avoid discomfort associated with the possible disconfirmation of expectations.Originality/valueUnderstanding present generation college students' consumption‐related behavior may give vital clues about the changing nature of consumption, as well as offering predictors for the consumption behavior of the adult population in the near future. In addition, by testing certain so far unexplored aspects of the relationship between impulse buying and cognitive dissonance, the paper enriches consumer research literature.
The social economy of trust: social entrepreneurship experiences in Poland
Authors: Curtis Timothy , Herbst Jan , Gumkovska Marta 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the notion, and dynamics, of trust between social enterprises and the public sector in two different cultural contexts. The strategy was to ask very simple and broad questions of a number of people in the social enterprise/public sector nexus, and allow them to talk. This talk was recorded and analysed for patterns and insights. This paper looks in detail at one of the insights derived from this wealth of data and makes a startling claim, one that needs further investigation and thought, that in social enterprises, trust precedes performance.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on grounded theory and comprises a series of semi‐structured interviews based on a common framework undertaken in two countries – the UK and Poland. The interviews were transcribed and then coded by the two teams independently and key insights recorded.FindingsThe research indicated an unsolicited pre‐occupation with trust relationships between the social enterprises and the public sector organisations. The research suggests that trust precedes performance, in that the public sector partner extended a trust relationship before the organisation was able to demonstrate their track record. This challenges EU public procurement rules which require that an organisation demonstrates competency and track record before a contract is let.Research limitations/implicationsGrounded theory by necessity provides insights on which to build theory rather than to prove theory. This research project did not have the resources to develop a questionnaire that could indicate whether the findings are wide spread and therefore robust.Practical implicationsTrust is an under‐theorised resource in the literature on social capital. This research begins to conceptualise trust as an essential resource for social enterprises in the startup, and may prompt social enterprise practitioners to consider trust as a non‐financial resource in their business planning. The insights derived from this field provide some notes of guidance to public sector agents working with social entrepreneurs to understand the trust resources required, and the limits to that trust, and the impact of bureaucratisation on the socially entrepreneurial startup.Originality/valueThis paper builds on existing literature on social capital and inter‐organisational trust but extends it in a unique manner to the body of social entrepreneurship literature.
Developments in gender and leadership: introducing a new “inclusive” model
Authors: Alimo‐Metcalfe Beverly 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess developments in gender and leadership since 1995.Design/methodology/approachThe author reflects on how she developed her work as an organisational psychologist during this time and introduces an “inclusive” model of leadership.FindingsStatistics regarding the intransigence in progress in the representation of women means there is little to celebrate.Originality/valueThe paper offers suggestions as to how gender bias in leadership can be eliminated or reduced.
Alfred P. Sloan's 1921 repositioning strategy
Authors: Powers Thomas L. , Steward Jocelyn L. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeIn 1921, Alfred P. Sloan developed an extensive repositioning strategy that was instrumental to General Motors' success over the decades that followed. This paper aims to provide a review of the development and evolution of this strategy and how the later deviation from this strategy was responsible for the company's marketplace decline and eventual bankruptcy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the historical 1921 repositioning strategy developed by Sloan and the specific models and price levels that were a part of this strategy. These price levels are then examined over the following decades to determine when and how this strategy was modified over time.FindingsThe findings indicate that although Sloan developed a brilliant strategy at the time of its inception, General Motors has over time deviated from its own historic and successful repositioning strategy. It is demonstrated that the deviation from the 1921 strategy has contributed to the decline in General Motors' market share and their bankruptcy in 2009. In addition, the 1921 strategy is compared to those of successful 21st century competition.Originality/valueThe research provides the reader with a historical review and analysis of the Sloan strategy and provides evidence that a historically successful marketing strategy can be applicable in other time periods for the company that developed it and for other competitors that make use of a similar strategy.
Six Sigma project selection methodology
Authors: Ray Sanjit , Das Prasun 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe selection of right projects in a Six Sigma program is a major concern for early success and long‐term acceptance within any organization. One of the ever‐increasing challenges is to define and select right measure for improvement and appropriate problem definition. Many projects encounter the problem of no linkage with business objectives or customer needs, too large or high‐level project scope along with unclear problem and goal statement. Improperly, chosen metrics lead to sub‐optimal behavior and can lead people away from the organization's goal instead of joining them. This paper aims to propose a project selection methodology for different situations.Design/methodology/approachThis research develops a model for project identification; ensuring well‐defined projects are selected having large impact on customer satisfaction or bottom line. The model is described for the situations: availability of performance data, balanced business score card implemented and no data is available.FindingsA “top‐down approach” model is developed for project selection, since top management support for Six Sigma initiatives is absolutely critical to see tangible, significant results. The authors suggest establishing the linkage with data (either reactive or survey), otherwise through prioritization tool for project selection. Finally, factors influencing successful Six Sigma projects include management commitment; project selection and control skill, irrespective of whether this is a define, measure, analyze, improve and control or define, measure, analyze, design and validate/verify project.Originality/valueThis approach will help the organizations to select the specific project from multivariate organizational and customer needs. Three different methods for project selection are explained with examples and reasons for selection. Merits and demerits of each method are also highlighted.
The course of substance use disorders in patients with borderline personality disorder and Axis II comparison subjects: a 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Zanarini Mary C. , Frankenbur Frances R. , Weingeroff Jolie L. , Reich D. Bradford , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Weiss Roger D. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAim  The purpose of this study is to detail the course of substance use disorders (SUDs) over 10 years of prospective follow‐up among patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and Axis II comparison subjects.Design  This study uses data from the McLean Study of Adult Development (MSAD), a multi‐faceted study of the longitudinal course of BPD using reliable repeated measures administered every 2 years over a decade of prospective follow‐up.Setting  All subjects were initially in‐patients at McLean Hospital in Belmont Massachusetts.Participants  A total of 290 patients with BPD and 72 Axis II comparison subjects were assessed at baseline and five waves of follow‐up.Measurements  The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R Axis I Disorders (SCID‐I), the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB‐R) and the Diagnostic Interview for DSM‐III‐R Personality Disorders (DIPD‐R) were administered six times. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess longitudinal prevalence of SUDs. Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to assess time‐to‐remission, recurrence and new onsets of SUDs.Results  The prevalence of SUDs among borderline patients and Axis II comparison subjects declined significantly over time, while remaining significantly more common among those with BPD. More than 90% of borderline patients meeting criteria for a SUD at baseline experienced a remission by 10‐year follow‐up. Recurrences and new onsets of SUDs were less common (35–40% and 21–23%).Conclusions  Remissions of alcohol and drug abuse/dependence among borderline patients are both common and relatively stable. Results also suggest that new onsets of these disorders are less common than might be expected.
Guidelines on travel‐related venous thrombosis
Authors: Watson Henry G. , Baglin Trevor P. 
Published: November 2010

Summary

Long duration travel is a weak risk factor for the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The incidence of VTE after flights of >4 h is 1 in 4656 and for flights of more than 8 h in low and intermediate risk flyers is around 0·5%.
Severe symptomatic pulmonary embolism in the period immediately after travel is extremely rare after flights of <8 h. In flights over 12 h the rate is 5 per million.
VTE may be attributable to travel if it occurs up to 8 weeks following the journey.
The risk of travel‐related thrombosis is higher in individuals with pre‐existing risk factors for the development of VTE.
There is no evidence for an association between dehydration and travel‐associated VTE and so whilst maintaining good hydration is unlikely to be harmful it cannot be strongly recommended for prevention of thrombosis (recommendation grade 2, level of evidence, B).
There is indirect evidence that maintaining mobility may prevent VTE and, in view of the likely pathogenesis of travel‐related VTE, maintaining mobility is a reasonable precaution for all travellers on journeys over 3 h (2B).
Global use of compression stockings and anticoagulants for long distance travel is not indicated (1C).
Assessment of risk should be made on an individual basis but it is likely that recent major surgery (within 1 month), active malignancy, previous unprovoked VTE, previous travel‐related VTE with no associated temporary risk factor or presence of more than one risk factor identifies those travellers at highest thrombosis risk (1C).
Travellers at the highest risk of travel‐related thrombosis undertaking journeys of >3 h should wear well fitted below knee compression hosiery (2B).
Where pharmacological prophylaxis is considered appropriate, anticoagulants as opposed to anti‐platelet drugs are recommended based on the observation that, in other clinical scenarios, they provide more effective thromboprophylaxis. Usual contraindications to any form of thromboprophylaxis need to be borne in mind (2C).
Pathophysiology and management of chronic immune thrombocytopenia: focusing on what matters
Authors: Toltl Lisa J. , Arnold Donald M. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by low platelet counts and an increased risk of bleeding. Antibody‐mediated platelet destruction has been the prevailing hypothesis to explain ITP pathogenesis, supported by the efficacy of B‐cell depletion therapy; however, the recent success of thrombopoietin receptor agonists lends support to the notion that platelet production is also insufficient. Best practice for the management of chronic ITP has not yet been established because data from comparative trials are lacking. Despite renewed interest in novel drugs capable of increasing platelet counts, ultimate treatment goals for ITP patients must be kept in mind: to improve patients’ health and well‐being. In this article, the pathophysiology of ITP is reviewed and key remaining questions about mechanism are explored. A rational approach to the management of ITP in adults is outlined, acknowledging evidence and evidence gaps, and highlighting the need for clinically important endpoints in future clinical trials.
The role of BCL6 in lymphomas and routes to therapy
Authors: Wagner Simon D. , Ahearne Matthew , Ferrigno Paul Ko 
Published: November 2010

SummaryBCL6 is a transcription factor that has essential B‐cell and T‐cell roles in normal antibody responses. It is involved in chromosomal translocations in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DBCL; including primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma) and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, and is expressed in follicular lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. The neoplastic T‐cells of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma also express BCL6. BCL6 prevents terminal B‐cell differentiation largely through repression of PRDM1. In the “cell of origin” classification of DLBCL BCL6 is associated with the germinal centre subtype, which carries a good response to modern treatments. More recently, specific BCL6 antagonists, including small molecule inhibitors, have been developed. These antagonists have demonstrated that DLBCL cells, in which BCL6 is transcriptionally active, are dependent on this gene for survival. BCL6 antagonists are active against primary DLBCL and may find future application in the treatment of lymphomas.
Primary ocular adnexal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT): single institution experience in a large cohort of patients
Authors: Bayraktar Soley , Bayraktar Ulas D. , Stefanovic Alexandra , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryExtranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma is the most common orbital tumour. We conducted a retrospective analysis to examine: (i) the impact of initial presentation and staging on outcome and (ii) response to various treatment modalities and the effect of the latter on recurrence. Ninety patients with primary ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphoma (POAML) diagnosed at our institution between 1984 and 2009 were studied. POAML was associated with monoclonal gammopathy (13%) at presentation. Most POAML patients (86%) presented with Ann‐Arbor stage I disease. Radiotherapy led to excellent local control, but relapses occurred in 18% of Ann‐Arbor stage I patients during a median follow‐up of 5 years. Local relapses, including secondary central nervous system (CNS) involvement, were observed in patients receiving radiation doses <30·6 Gy. No differences in relapse rate and survival were observed between patients who did or did not undergo staging bone marrow biopsy. Ann‐Arbor stage II–IV disease and high lactate dehydrogenase levels were associated with shorter freedom from progression. In conclusion, POAML is an indolent lymphoma with continuous risk for relapse. Radiation doses of at least 30·6 Gy should be given in Ann‐Arbor stage I disease, since lower doses may be more frequently associated with relapses, including CNS relapses.