bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence‐based knowledge on the biology and treatment of extraction sockets
Authors: Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Araújo Mauricio G. , Simion Massimo ,   On Behalf of the Osteology Consensus Group 2011
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe fresh extraction socket in the alveolar ridge represents a special challenge in everyday clinical practice. Maintenance of the hard and soft tissue envelope and a stable ridge volume were considered important aims to allow simplifying subsequent treatments and optimizing their outcomes in particular, when implants are planned to be placed.Material and Methods:Prior to the consensus meeting four comprehensive systematic reviews were written on two topics regarding ridge alteration and ridge preservation following tooth extraction and implant placement following tooth extraction. During the conference these manuscripts were discussed and accepted thereafter. Finally, consensus statements and recommendations were formulated.Results:The systematic reviews demonstrated that the alveolar ridge undergoes a mean horizontal reduction in width of 3.8 mm and a mean vertical reduction in height of 1.24 mm within 6 months after tooth extraction. The techniques aimed at ridge preservation encompassed two different approaches: i) maintaining the ridge profile, ii) enlarging the ridge profile. Regarding timing of implant placement the literature showed that immediate implant placement leads to high implant survival rates. This procedure is primarily recommended in premolar sites with low esthetic importance and favorable anatomy. In the esthetic zone, however, a high risk for mucosal recession was reported. Hence, it should only be used in stringently selected situations with lower risks and only by experienced clinicians. In molar sites a high need for soft and hard tissue augmentation was identified.Conclusions:Future research should clearly identify the clinical and patient benefits resulting from ridge preservation compared with traditional procedures. In addition, future research should also aim at better identifying parameters critical for positive treatment outcomes with immediate implants. The result of this procedure should be compared to early and late implant placement.
Human herpesvirus 8‐associated lymphoma mimicking cutaneous anaplastic large T‐cell lymphoma in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Li Meng‐Fang , Hsiao Cheng‐Hsiang , Chen Yi‐Lin , Huang Wen‐Ya , Lee Yi‐Hsuan , Huang Hsien‐Neng , Lien Huang‐Chun 
Published: December 2011

Primary effusion lymphoma, a human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)‐associated lymphoma, is uncommon, and it is usually seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients. It presents as a body cavity‐based lymphomatous effusion, but several cases of the so‐called solid primary effusion lymphoma presenting as solid tumors without associated lymphomatous effusion have been reported. They have similar clinical, histopathological and immunophenotypical features. Most of them have a B‐cell genotype. This suggests the solid variant may represent a clinicopathological spectrum of primary effusion lymphoma. We report a case of HHV8‐associated lymphoma histopathologically and immunophenotypically mimicking cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The patient was a 31‐year‐old HIV‐seropositive man presenting with skin nodules over his right thigh. Biopsy of the nodules showed anaplastic large cells infiltrating the dermis. These malignant cells strongly expressed CD3, CD30 and CD43. Cutaneous anaplastic large T‐cell lymphoma was initially diagnosed, but further tests, including immunoreactivity for HHV8 protein and clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes, confirmed the diagnosis of HHV8‐associated B‐cell lymphoma with aberrant T‐cell marker expression. This case provides an example of solid primary effusion lymphoma mimicking cutaneous anaplastic large T‐cell lymphoma and highlights the importance of HHV8 immunohistochemistry and molecular tests in the diagnosis of HHV8‐associated lymphoma with a cutaneous presentation.Li M‐F, Hsiao C‐H, Chen Y‐L, Huang W‐Y, Lee Y‐H, Huang H‐N, Lien H‐C. Human herpesvirus 8‐associated lymphoma mimicking cutaneous anaplastic large T‐cell lymphoma in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Actinobaculum schaalii, a cause of urinary tract infections in children?
Authors: Andersen Lise Bols , Bank Steffen , Hertz Birgitte , Søby Karen Marie , Prag Jørgen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:  To inform that Actinobaculum schaalii can colonize the urine and cause urinary tract infection in children.Methods:  Urine samples were examined by wet smear microscopy, incubated in 5% CO2 for 1–2 days, and species‐specific real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for A. schaalii was performed.Results:  In 5 of the 29 screened urines, A. schaalii was found only by real‐time PCR in quantities equivalent to ≥104–105 CFU/mL. In addition, A. schaalii was found in quantities equivalent to ≥106 CFU/mL by both culture and PCR in two children with a urinary tract infection and large numbers of leucocytes in the urine.Conclusion:  Actinobaculum schaalii is CO2‐dependent. Therefore, if there are clinical symptoms and/or a negative culture despite the presence of leucocytes in the urine, Gram staining and incubation in 5% CO2 or species‐specific real‐time PCR should be performed to identify A. schaalii.
Quantifying seed dispersal kernels from truncated seed‐tracking data
Authors: Hirsch Ben T. , Visser Marco D. , Kays Roland , Jansen Patrick A. 
Published: December 2011

Summary1. Seed dispersal is a key biological process that remains poorly documented because dispersing seeds are notoriously hard to track. While long‐distance dispersal is thought to be particularly important, seed‐tracking studies typically yield incomplete data sets that are biased against long‐distance movements.2. We evaluate an analytical procedure developed by Jansen, Bongers & Hemerik (2004) to infer the tail of a seed dispersal kernel from incomplete frequency distributions of dispersal distances obtained by tracking seeds. This ‘censored tail reconstruction’ (CTR) method treats dispersal distances as waiting times in a survival analysis and censors nonretrieved seeds according to how far they can reliably be tracked. We tested whether CTR can provide unbiased estimates of long‐distance movements which typically cannot be tracked with traditional field methods.3. We used a complete frequency distribution of primary seed dispersal distances of the palm Astrocaryum standleyanum, obtained with telemetric thread tags that allow tracking seeds regardless of the distance moved. We truncated and resampled the data set at various distances, fitted kernel functions on CTR estimates of dispersal distance and determined how well this function approximated the true dispersal kernel.4. Censored tail reconstruction with truncated data approximated the true dispersal kernel remarkably well but only when the best‐fitting function (lognormal) was used. We were able to select the correct function and derive an accurate estimate of the seed dispersal kernel even after censoring 50–60% of the dispersal events. However, CTR results were substantially biased if 5% or more of seeds within the search radius were overlooked by field observers and erroneously censored. Similar results were obtained using additional simulated dispersal kernels.5. Our study suggests that the CTR method can accurately estimate the dispersal kernel from truncated seed‐tracking data if the kernel is a simple decay function. This method will improve our understanding of the spatial patterns of seed movement and should replace the usual practice of omitting nonretrieved seeds from analyses in seed‐tracking studies.
The Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitor Clorgyline Is a Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Fungal ABC and MFS Transporter Efflux Pump Activities Which Reverses the Azole Resistance of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata Clinical Isolates
Authors: Holmes Ann R. , Keniya Mikhail V. , Ivnitski-Steele Irena , Monk Brian C. , Lamping Erwin , Sklar Larry A. , Cannon Richard D. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Resistance to the commonly used azole antifungal fluconazole (FLC) can develop due to overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) plasma membrane transporters. An approach to overcoming this resistance is to identify inhibitors of these efflux pumps. We have developed a pump assay suitable for high-throughput screening (HTS) that uses recombinant
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
strains hyperexpressing individual transporters from the opportunistic fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
. The recombinant strains possess greater resistance to azoles and other pump substrates than the parental host strain. A flow cytometry-based HTS, which measured increased intracellular retention of the fluorescent pump substrate rhodamine 6G (R6G) within yeast cells, was used to screen the Prestwick Chemical Library (PCL) of 1,200 marketed drugs. Nine compounds were identified as hits, and the monoamine oxidase A inhibitor (MAOI) clorgyline was identified as an inhibitor of two
C. albicans
ABC efflux pumps, CaCdr1p and CaCdr2p. Secondary
in vitro
assays confirmed inhibition of pump-mediated efflux by clorgyline. Clorgyline also reversed the FLC resistance of
S. cerevisiae
strains expressing other individual fungal ABC transporters (
Candida glabrata
Cdr1p or
Candida krusei
Abc1p) or the
C. albicans
MFS transporter Mdr1p. Recombinant strains were also chemosensitized by clorgyline to other azoles (itraconazole and miconazole). Importantly, clorgyline showed synergy with FLC against FLC-resistant
C. albicans
clinical isolates and a
C. glabrata
strain and inhibited R6G efflux from a FLC-resistant
C. albicans
clinical isolate. Clorgyline is a novel broad-spectrum inhibitor of two classes of fungal efflux pumps that acts synergistically with azoles against azole-resistant
C. albicans
and
C. glabrata
strains.
Comparative Pharmacodynamics and Antimutant Potentials of Doripenem and Imipenem with Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an
In Vitro
Model
Authors: Firsov Alexander A. , Gilbert Deborah , Greer Kenneth , Portnoy Yury A. , Zinner Stephen H. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

To compare the antipseudomonal efficacy of doripenem and imipenem as well as their abilities to restrict the enrichment of resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, multiple-dosing regimens of each drug were simulated at comparable values of the cumulative percentages of a 24-h period that the drug concentration exceeds the MIC under steady-state pharmacokinetic conditions (
T
>MIC
) and ratios of the 24-hour area under the curve (AUC
24
) to the MIC. Three clinical isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant
P. aeruginosa
(MIC of doripenem, 1 μg/ml; MICs of imipenem, 1, 2, and 2 μg/ml) were exposed to thrice-daily doripenem or imipenem for 3 days at AUC
24
/MIC ratios of from 50 to 170 h (doripenem) and from 30 to 140 h (imipenem). The antimicrobial effects for susceptible and resistant subpopulations of bacteria were expressed by the areas between control growth and time-kill curves (
I
E
s) and areas under the bacterial mutant concentration curves (AUBC
M
s), respectively. With each antibiotic, the
I
E
and AUBC
M
versus log AUC
24
/MIC relationships were bacterial strain independent. At similar AUC
24
/MIC ratios, doripenem was slightly less efficient than imipenem against susceptible and resistant subpopulations of bacteria. However, doripenem appeared to be somewhat more efficient than imipenem at clinically achievable AUC
24
s related to the means of the MICs for the three studied strains and had higher antimutant potentials for two of the three strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Species of Porcine Bocavirus, PBoV5
Authors: Li Bin , Ma Junjie , Xiao Shaobo , Fang Liurong , Zeng Songlin , Wen Libin , Zhang Xuehan , Ni Yanxiu , Guo Rongli , Yu Zhengyu , Zhou Junming , Mao Aihua , Lv Lixin , Wang Xiaoming , He Kongwang 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Porcine bocavirus 5 is a novel porcine bocavirus species found in a pig with clinical diarrhea from a farm in China. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain PBoV5/JS677, which will help toward understanding the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of the porcine bocavirus.
N-Myc Regulates Expression of the Detoxifying Enzyme Glutathione Transferase GSTP1, a Marker of Poor Outcome in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Fletcher Jamie I. , Gherardi Samuele , Murray Jayne , Burkhart Catherine A. , Russell Amanda , Valli Emanuele , Smith Janice , Oberthuer André , Ashton Lesley J. , London Wendy B. , Marshall Glenn M. , Norris Murray D. , Perini Giovanni , Haber Michelle 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Amplification of the transcription factor MYCN is associated with poor outcome and a multidrug-resistant phenotype in neuroblastoma. N-Myc regulates the expression of several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes, thus affecting global drug efflux. Because these transporters do not confer resistance to several important cytotoxic agents used to treat neuroblastoma, we explored the prognostic significance and transcriptional regulation of the phase II detoxifying enzyme, glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1). Using quantitative real-time PCR, GSTP1 gene expression was assessed in a retrospective cohort of 51 patients and subsequently in a cohort of 207 prospectively accrued primary neuroblastomas. These data along with GSTP1 expression data from an independent microarray study of 251 neuroblastoma samples were correlated with established prognostic indicators and disease outcome. High levels of GSTP1 were associated with decreased event-free and overall survival in all three cohorts. Multivariable analyses, including age at diagnosis, tumor stage, and MYCN amplification status, were conducted on the two larger cohorts, independently showing the prognostic significance of GSTP1 expression levels in this setting. Mechanistic investigations revealed that GSTP1 is a direct transcriptional target of N-Myc in neuroblastoma cells. Together, our findings reveal that N-Myc regulates GSTP1 along with ABC transporters that act to control drug metabolism and efflux. Furthermore, they imply that strategies to jointly alter these key multidrug resistance mechanisms may have therapeutic implications to manage neuroblastomas and other malignancies driven by amplified Myc family genes. Cancer Res; 72(4); 845–53. ©2011 AACR.
Evolutionary history of barley cultivation in Europe revealed by genetic analysis of extant landraces
Authors: Jones Huw , Civáň Peter , Cockram James , Leigh Fiona J , Smith Lydia MJ , Jones Martin K , Charles Michael P , Molina-Cano José-Luis , Powell Wayne , Jones Glynis , Brown Terence A 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Understanding the evolution of cultivated barley is important for two reasons. First, the evolutionary relationships between different landraces might provide information on the spread and subsequent development of barley cultivation, including the adaptation of the crop to new environments and its response to human selection. Second, evolutionary information would enable landraces with similar traits but different genetic backgrounds to be identified, providing alternative strategies for the introduction of these traits into modern germplasm.

Results
The evolutionary relationships between 651 barley landraces were inferred from the genotypes for 24 microsatellites. The landraces could be divided into nine populations, each with a different geographical distribution. Comparisons with ear row number, caryopsis structure, seasonal growth habit and flowering time revealed a degree of association between population structure and phenotype, and analysis of climate variables indicated that the landraces are adapted, at least to some extent, to their environment. Human selection and/or environmental adaptation may therefore have played a role in the origin and/or maintenance of one or more of the barley landrace populations. There was also evidence that at least some of the population structure derived from geographical partitioning set up during the initial spread of barley cultivation into Europe, or reflected the later introduction of novel varieties. In particular, three closely-related populations were made up almost entirely of plants with the daylength nonresponsive version of the photoperiod response gene PPD-H1, conferring adaptation to the long annual growth season of northern Europe. These three populations probably originated in the eastern Fertile Crescent and entered Europe after the initial spread of agriculture.

Conclusions
The discovery of population structure, combined with knowledge of associated phenotypes and environmental adaptations, enables a rational approach to identification of landraces that might be used as sources of germplasm for breeding programs. The population structure also enables hypotheses concerning the prehistoric spread and development of agriculture to be addressed.
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer conjugate specifically activates the A3 adenosine receptor to improve post-ischemic/reperfusion function in isolated mouse hearts
Authors: Wan Tina C , Tosh Dilip K , Du Lili , Gizewski Elizabeth T , Jacobson Kenneth A , Auchampach John A 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
When stimulated by small molecular agonists, the A3 adenosine receptor (AR) mediates cardioprotective effects without inducing detrimental hemodynamic side effects. We have examined pharmacologically the protective properties of a multivalent dendrimeric conjugate of a nucleoside as a selective multivalent agonist for the mouse A3AR.

Results
A PAMAM dendrimer fully substituted by click chemistry on its peripheral groups with 64 moieties of a nucleoside agonist was shown to be potent and selective in binding to the mouse A3AR and effective in cardioprotection in an isolated mouse heart model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This conjugate MRS5246 and a structurally related model compound MRS5233 displayed binding Ki values of 0.04 and 3.94 nM, respectively, and were potent in in vitro functional assays to inhibit cAMP production. A methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) ring system in place of ribose maintained a North conformation that is preferred at the A3AR. These analogues also contained a triazole linker along with 5'-N-methyl-carboxamido and 2-alkynyl substitution, previously shown to be associated with species-independent A3AR selectivity. Both MRS5233 and MRS5246 (1 and 10 nM) were effective at increasing functional recovery of isolated mouse hearts after 20 min ischemia followed by 45 min reperfusion. A statistically significant greater improvement in the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) by MRS5246 compared to MRS5233 occurred when the hearts were observed throughout reperfusion. Unliganded PAMAM dendrimer alone did not have any effect on functional recovery of isolated perfused mouse hearts. 10 nM MRS5246 did not improve functional recovery after I/R in hearts from A3AR gene "knock-out" (A3KO) mice compared to control, indicating the effects of MRS5246 were A3AR-specific.

Conclusions
Covalent conjugation to a versatile drug carrier enhanced the functional potency and selectivity at the mouse A3AR and maintained the cardioprotective properties. Thus, this large molecular weight conjugate is not prevented from extravasation through the coronary microvasculature.
The cannabinoid receptors agonist WIN55212-2 inhibits macrophageal differentiation and alters expression and phosphorylation of cell cycle control proteins
Authors: Paulsen Katrin , Tauber Svantje , Timm Johanna , Goelz Nadine , Dumrese Claudia , Stolzing Alexandra , Hass Ralf , Ullrich Oliver 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study we investigated if and how cannabinoid receptor stimulation regulates macrophageal differentiation, which is one of the key steps in the immune effector reaction. For that reason, we used a well established differentiation model system of human U937 myelocytic leukemia cells that differentiate along the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon stimulation with the phorbol ester PMA. Constant cannabinoid receptor (CB) stimulation was performed using WIN55212-2, a potent synthetic CB agonist. We found that WIN55212-2 inhibited CB1/2-receptor-dependent PMA-induced differentiation of human myelocytic U937 cells into the macrophageal phenotype, which was associated with impaired vimentin, ICAM-1 and CD11b expression. In the presence of WIN55212-2, cdc2 protein and mRNA expression was progressively enhanced and Tyr-15-phosporylation of cdc2 was reduced in differentiating U937 cells. Additionally, p21Waf1/Cip1expression was up-regulated. PMA-induced apoptosis was not enhanced by WIN55212-2 and differentiation-associated c-jun expression was not altered. In conclusion, we suppose that WIN55212-2-induced signals interferes with cell-cycle-arrest-signaling in differentiating myelocytic cells and thus inhibits macrophageal differentiation. Thus, it is possible that the cannabinoid system is able to influence one of the key steps in the immune effector function, the monocytic-macrophageal differentiation by alteration of cell cycle control proteins cdc2 and p21, and is therefore representing a promising option for therapeutic intervention in exacerbated immune reactions.
Antiviral activity of four types of bioflavonoid against dengue virus type-2
Authors: Zandi Keivan , Teoh Boon-Teong , Sam Sing-Sin , Wong Pooi-Fong , Mustafa Mohd Rais , AbuBakar Sazaly 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Dengue is a major mosquito-borne disease currently with no effective antiviral or vaccine available. Effort to find antivirals for it has focused on bioflavonoids, a plant-derived polyphenolic compounds with many potential health benefits. In the present study, antiviral activity of four types of bioflavonoid against dengue virus type -2 (DENV-2) in Vero cell was evaluated. Anti-dengue activity of these compounds was determined at different stages of DENV-2 infection and replication cycle. DENV replication was measured by Foci Forming Unit Reduction Assay (FFURA) and quantitative RT-PCR. Selectivity Index value (SI) was determined as the ratio of cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) to inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) for each compound.

Results
The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of quercetin against dengue virus was 35.7 μg mL-1 when it was used after virus adsorption to the cells. The IC50 decreased to 28.9 μg mL-1 when the cells were treated continuously for 5 h before virus infection and up to 4 days post-infection. The SI values for quercetin were 7.07 and 8.74 μg mL-1, respectively, the highest compared to all bioflavonoids studied. Naringin only exhibited anti-adsorption effects against DENV-2 with IC50 = 168.2 μg mL-1 and its related SI was 1.3. Daidzein showed a weak anti-dengue activity with IC50 = 142.6 μg mL-1 when the DENV-2 infected cells were treated after virus adsorption. The SI value for this compound was 1.03. Hesperetin did not exhibit any antiviral activity against DENV-2. The findings obtained from Foci Forming Unit Reduction Assay (FFURA) were corroborated by findings of the qRT-PCR assays. Quercetin and daidzein (50 μg mL-1) reduced DENV-2 RNA levels by 67% and 25%, respectively. There was no significant inhibition of DENV-2 RNA levels with naringin and hesperetin.

Conclusion
Results from the study suggest that only quercetin demonstrated significant anti-DENV-2 inhibitory activities. Other bioflavonoids, including daidzein, naringin and hesperetin showed minimal to no significant inhibition of DENV-2 virus replication. These findings, together with those previously reported suggest that select group of bioflavonoids including quercetin and fisetin, exhibited significant inhibitory activities against dengue virus. This group of flavonoids, flavonol, could be investigated further to discover the common mechanisms of inhibition of dengue virus replication.