bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent negative symptoms in young people at clinical high risk of psychosis treated with an Italian early intervention program: a longitudinal study
Authors: Ricci Camilla , Leuci Emanuela , Quattrone Emanuela , Palmisano Derna , Pellegrini Pietro , Menchetti Marco , Pupo Simona , Pelizza Lorenzo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNegative symptoms in CHR-P people are generally not responsive to treatments and commonly related to poorer functional outcome. However, less research attention has been dedicated to Persistent Negative Symptoms (PNS), defined as clinically stable negative symptoms of moderate severity evident for at least 6 months. This study aims to (a) determine the prevalence of PNS in a sample of young people at CHR-P; (b) investigate any association of PNS with functioning and clinical features; (c) examine longitudinal course of PNS across 2 years of follow-up and changes in PNS severity levels with specialized treatments. One Hundred Eighty CHR-P participants were recruited and were divided into CHR-P/PNS + and CHR-P/PNS− subgroups. The clinical assessments were based on the PANSS and the GAF and were conducted at baseline and every 12 months during the follow-up. Twenty four participants showed PNS at entry. Of them, 21 concluded the 2-year follow-up period. At baseline, the CHR-P/PNS + participants showed more educational and employment deficits, and more social and functioning impairment. During the follow-up, the CHR-P/PNS + subgroup had a significant longitudinal decrease in negative symptoms, which was specifically related to antidepressant treatment. CHR-P/PNS + subjects also showed a higher incidence of new hospitalization and a lower functional recovery over time. Our findings support that the persistence of negative symptoms in CHR-P people is longitudinally related to worse daily functioning and more severe clinical conditions that are at higher risk of hospitalization and are less responsive to specialized treatments.
Measuring critical force in sport climbers: a validation study of the 4 min all-out test on finger flexors
Authors: Baláš Jiří , Gajdošík Jan , Javorský Tomáš , Berta Patrik , Feldmann Andri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The critical force (CF) concept, differentiating steady and non-steady state conditions, extends the critical power paradigm for sport climbing. This study aimed to validate CF for finger flexors derived from the 4 min all-out test as a boundary for the highest sustainable work intensity in sport climbers.

Methods
Twelve participants underwent multiple laboratory visits. Initially, they performed the 4 min intermittent contraction all-out test for CF determination. Subsequent verification visits involved finger-flexor contractions at various intensities, including CF, CF −2 kg, CF −4 kg, and CF −6 kg, lasting for 720 s or until failure, while monitoring muscle-oxygen dynamics of forearm muscles.

Results
CF, determined from the mean force of last three contractions, was measured at 20.1 ± 5.7 kg, while the end-force at 16.8 ± 5.2 kg. In the verification trials, the mean time to failure at CF was 440 ± 140 s, with only one participant completing the 720 s task. When the load was continuously lowered (−2 kg, −4 kg, and −6 kg), a greater number of participants (38%, 69%, and 92%, respectively) successfully completed the 720 s task. Changes of muscle-oxygen dynamics showed a high variability and could not clearly distinguish between exhaustive and non-exhaustive trials.

Conclusions
CF, based on the mean force of the last three contractions, failed to reliably predict the highest sustainable work rate. In contrast, determining CF as the end-force of the last three contractions exhibited a stronger link to sustainable work. Caution is advised in interpreting forearm muscle-oxygen dynamics, lacking sensitivity for nuanced metabolic responses during climbing-related tasks.
The role of social support among caregivers of people with cancer from Chinese and Arabic communities: a qualitative study
Authors: Yuen Eva Y. N. , Hale Megan , Wilson Carlene 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer caregivers from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities have reported significant unmet emotional support needs. This study aimed explore the role of social support to manage emotional wellbeing among cancer caregivers from Arabic and Chinese communities in Australia.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Chinese (n = 12) and Arabic (n = 12) speaking cancer caregivers. Participants’ mean age was 40.6 years; majority were female (83%) and providing care to a parent (41.67%).

Results
Using thematic analysis to analyse interview data, five overarching themes emerged describing caregivers’ perspectives on social support. Themes were related to the following: (1) receiving emotional support from social networks, (2) barriers to accessing emotional support from social networks, (3) isolation and loss of connection following the cancer diagnosis, (4) faith as a source of support, and (5) utility of support groups and caregiver advocates. Several caregivers relied on social networks for emotional support; however, caregivers identified key cultural and generational barriers to seeking support from their social networks which prevented caregivers from disclosing their emotions and caregiving situation. Caregivers also reported being isolated from their support system.

Conclusion
Empirical testing of culturally appropriate strategies that improve social support seeking among caregivers from CALD communities is recommended.
Nodal cluster solutions for the Brezis–Nirenberg problem in dimensions $$N\ge 7$$
Authors: Musso Monica , Rocci Serena , Vaira Giusi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe show that the classical Brezis–Nirenberg problem $$\begin{aligned} \Delta u + |u|^{4 \over N-2} u + \varepsilon u = 0,\quad {\text{ in }} \quad \Omega , \quad u= 0, \quad {\text{ on }} \quad \partial \Omega \end{aligned}$$

Δ
u
+

|
u
|

4

N
-
2

u
+
ε
u
=
0
,

in

Ω
,

u
=
0
,

on

∂
Ω

admits nodal solutions clustering around a point on the boundary of $$\Omega $$
Ω
as $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ε
→
0

, for smooth bounded domains $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}^N}$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

in dimensions $$N\ge 7$$

N
≥
7

.
Does pain intensity after total knee arthroplasty depend on somatosensory functioning in knee osteoarthritis patients? A prospective cohort study
Authors: Vervullens Sophie , Meert Lotte , Smeets Rob J. E. M. , Verbrugghe Jonas , Verdonk Peter , Meeus Mira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to determine whether the change in pain intensity over time differs between somatosensory functioning evolution profiles in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This longitudinal prospective cohort study, conducted between March 2018 and July 2023, included KOA patients undergoing TKA in four hospitals in Belgium and the Netherlands. The evolution of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscale pain over time (baseline, 3 months, and 1 year post-TKA scores) was the outcome variable. The evolution scores of quantitative sensory testing (QST) and Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) over time (baseline and 1 year post-TKA scores) were used to make subgroups. Participants were divided into separate normal, recovered, and persistent disturbed somatosensory subgroups based on the CSI, local and widespread pressure pain threshold [PPT] and heat allodynia, temporal summation [TS], and conditioned pain modulation [CPM]. Linear mixed model analyses were performed. Two hundred twenty-three participants were included. The persistent disturbed somatosensory functioning group had less pronounced pain improvement (based on CSI and local heat allodynia) and worse pain scores 1 year post-TKA (based on CSI, local PPT and heat allodynia, and TS) compared to the normal somatosensory functioning group. This persistent group also had worse pain scores 1 year post-TKA compared to the recovered group (based on CSI). The study suggests the presence of a “centrally driven central sensitization” subgroup in KOA patients awaiting TKA in four of seven grouping variables, comprising their less pain improvement or worse pain score after TKA. Future research should validate these findings further. The protocol is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05380648).
Risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection and the impact of COVID-19 infection on disease progression among patients with AAV
Authors: Wang Chen , Li Zhi-Ying , Jiang Gui-Ping , Zhao Ming-Hui , Chen Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo identify risk factors for COVID-19 infection and investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and vasculitis flare in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). This cohort study retrospectively analyzed the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 infection in 276 patients with AAV who were followed up. Logistic regression was employed to estimate the risk of COVID-19 infection as well as CKD progression and vasculitis flare upon COVID-19 infection. During the 6-month observation period, 213 (77.2%) of 276 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Of these 213 patients, 49 (23.0%) had a COVID-19-related inpatient admission, including 17 patients who died of COVID-19 infection. AAV patients with severe COVID-19 infection were more likely to be male (OR 1.921 [95% CI 1.020–3.619], P = 0.043), suffered from worse kidney function (serum creatinine [Scr], OR 1.901 [95% CI 1.345–2.687], P < 0.001), had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.054 [95% CI 1.010–1.101], P = 0.017) and less likely to have evidence of initial vaccination (OR 0.469 [95% CI 0.231–0.951], P = 0.036), and Scr and COVID-19 vaccination were proven to be significantly associated with severe COVID-19 infection even after multivariable adjustment. Severe COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with subsequent CKD progression (OR 7.929 [95% CI 2.030–30.961], P = 0.003) and vasculitis flare (OR 11.842 [95% CI 1.048–133.835], P = 0.046) among patients with AAV. AAV patients who were male, and with worse kidney function were more susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection, which subsequently increased the risk of CKD progression and vasculitis flare.
Multisolitons for the cubic NLS in 1-d and their stability
Authors: Koch Herbert , Tataru Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor both the cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLS) as well as the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation in one space dimension we consider the set $\mathbf {M}_{N}$

M
N

of pure $N$
N
-soliton states, and their associated multisoliton solutions. We prove that (i) the set $\mathbf {M}_{N}$

M
N

is a uniformly smooth manifold, and (ii) the $\mathbf {M}_{N}$

M
N

states are uniformly stable in $H^{s}$

H
s

, for each $s>-\frac{1}{2}$
s
>
−

1

2

.One main tool in our analysis is an iterated Bäcklund transform, which allows us to nonlinearly add a multisoliton to an existing soliton free state (the soliton addition map) or alternatively to remove a multisoliton from a multisoliton state (the soliton removal map). The properties and the regularity of these maps are extensively studied.
Recent advances in research on phosphate starvation signaling in plants
Authors: Puga María Isabel , Poza-Carrión César , Martinez-Hevia Iris , Perez-Liens Laura , Paz-Ares Javier 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhosphorus is indispensable for plant growth and development, with its status crucial for determining crop productivity. Plants have evolved various biochemical, morphological, and developmental responses to thrive under conditions of low P availability, as inorganic phosphate (Pi), the primary form of P uptake, is often insoluble in soils. Over the past 25 years, extensive research has focused on understanding these responses, collectively forming the Pi starvation response system. This effort has not only expanded our knowledge of strategies to cope with Pi starvation (PS) but also confirmed their adaptive significance. Moreover, it has identified and characterized numerous components of the intricate regulatory network governing P homeostasis. This review emphasizes recent advances in PS signaling, particularly highlighting the physiological importance of local PS signaling in inhibiting primary root growth and uncovering the role of TORC1 signaling in this process. Additionally, advancements in understanding shoot-root Pi allocation and a novel technique for studying Pi distribution in plants are discussed. Furthermore, emerging data on the regulation of plant-microorganism interactions by the PS regulatory system, crosstalk between the signaling pathways of phosphate starvation, phytohormones and immunity, and recent studies on natural variation in Pi homeostasis are addressed.
A scoping review of the questionnaires used for the assessment of the perception of undergraduate students of the learning environment in healthcare professions education programs
Authors: Mukhalalati Banan , Yakti Ola , Elshami Sara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe learning environment (LE) includes social interactions, organizational culture, structures, and physical and virtual spaces that influence the learning experiences of students. Despite numerous studies exploring the perception of healthcare professional students (HCPS) of their LE, the validity evidence of the utilized questionnaires remains unclear. This scoping review aimed to identify questionnaires used to examine the perception of undergraduate HCPS of their LE and to assess their validity evidence. Five key concepts were used: (1) higher education; (2) questionnaire; (3) LE; (4) perception; and (5) health professions (HP). PubMed, ERIC, ProQuest, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies developing or adapting questionnaires to examine LE. This review employed the APERA standards of validity evidence and Beckman et al. (J Gen Intern Med 20:1159–1164, 2005) interpretation of these standards according to 5 categories: content, internal structure, response process, relation to other variables, and consequences. Out of 41 questionnaires included in this review, the analysis revealed a predominant emphasis on content and internal structure categories. However, less than 10% of the included questionnaires provided information in relation to other variables, consequences, and response process categories. Most of the identified questionnaires received extensive coverage in the fields of medicine and nursing, followed by dentistry. This review identified diverse questionnaires utilized for examining the perception of students of their LE across different HPs. Given the limited validity evidence for existing questionnaires, future research should prioritize the development and validation of psychometric measures. This will ultimately ensure sound and evidence-based quality improvement measures of the LE in HP education programs.
How do coffee farmers engage with digital technologies? A capabilities perspective
Authors: Hidalgo Francisco , Birkenberg Athena , Daum Thomas , Bosch Christine , Quiñones-Ruiz Xiomara F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA reality-design gap in the conceptualization and practice of digital agriculture has been systematically reported in the literature. This condition is favored by the lack of understanding and inclusion of local worldviews around digital technologies. Informed by Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach, this study looks to bring stories of local appropriation to the spotlight. Based on a qualitative approach that included data collected through interviews with 73 households, the authors explored the way in which two selected communities of Colombian coffee growers are engaged in the use of digital technologies in material and symbolic ways. Three emergent themes—a relational way of farming, (dis)connected machines, and nurtured families and communities – articulate multiple interactions between farmers, farms, institutional programs, and technologies, that originate local forms of digitalization (and non-digitalization). This study points out the relevant role of situated ideas of development in positioning technologies in or out of the farm, and broader digitalization agendas in or out of farmers’ life projects. At the same time, it presents a critique of notions of universality that drive unquestioned quests for technification. In contrast, building on a relational perspective, this study calls for embracing a perspective of multiplicity within notions of development and innovation.
The complexity of Machiavellian leaders: how and when leader Machiavellianism impacts abusive supervision
Authors: Li Hu , Huang Sihong , Feng Zhiyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough prior research has documented a divergent relationship between leader Machiavellianism and abusive supervision, it fails to uncover the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. Drawing from trait activation theory as the overarching theory, we develop and test a dual-path model to examine how and when leader Machiavellianism leads to abusive supervision. Specifically, we theorize leader perceived threat to hierarchy (power-threatening process) and perceived power dependence on subordinations (power-sustaining process) as two parallel mechanisms through which leader Machiavellianism affects abusive supervision. We further identify leader position power as a boundary factor that influences the power-threatening and power-sustaining processes. Using multi-wave, multi-source data collected from 175 supervisors and their 763 subordinates, we found that Machiavellian leaders were more likely to perceive high threats from subordinates to the existing hierarchy, though this threat perception was not significantly associated with abusive supervision. Additionally, Machiavellian leaders were also more likely to perceive high power dependence on subordinates, which in turn reduced their abusive supervision. We further found that leader position power strengthened the positive effect of leader Machiavellianism on leader perceived threat to hierarchy, but did not weaken the positive effect of leader Machiavellianism on leader perceived power dependence on subordinates. The implications of our findings are discussed.
Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts from Aluminium-Containing Waste
Authors: Yunusov M. P. , Gulomov Sh. , Nasullayev K. A. , Turdiyeva D. P. k. , Isayeva N. F. , Abdurakhmanova I. S. k. , Mustafayev B. D. , Murzin D. Yu. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA possibility of using aluminum hydroxide, a product of processing of the adsorbent that lost its sorption activity in purification of a polyethylene solution cyclohexane, was demonstrated in the synthesis of aluminum kaolin borate supports for hydrodesulfurization catalysis in oil refining. The influence of typical impurities V, Ti and Na in the composition of the spent adsorbent on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of supports and catalysts was determined. Alumina-kaolin-borate catalyst carriers with the Ti content of approx. 0.2% have been prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiCl4 onto the granules. A positive effect of molecular layering with TiO2 has been revealed by temperature programmed reduction and oxidation in combination with hydrodesulphurization activity testing.
Graphical Abstract
A force field for the solubility of cellulose in DMSO/Ionic liquids
Authors: Roos Eliane , Gradaus Cora , Sebastiani Daniel , Brehm Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present the extension of our all-atom force field BILFF (Bio-polymers in Ionic Liquids Force Field) to the co-solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). BILFF already includes force field parameters for several imidazolium- and triazolium-based ionic liquids, water, and the bio-molecule cellulose. DMSO is known to increase the cellulose solubility of [EMIm][OAc] when applied as an additive. Our focus is on a correct reproduction of the hydrogen bonds in the ternary system of [EMIm]$$^+$$

+

, [OAc]$$^-$$

-

, water and DMSO compared to ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. For this purpose, the results from force field MD simulations such as radial and distance–angle distribution functions are compared with the reference AIMD simulation. Based on this, the force field parameters (starting from OPLS–AA) are iteratively adjusted. Four systems, pure and aqueous DMSO as well as DMSO in pure and aqueous [EMIm][OAc], are considered and additionally compared to DMSO-free [EMIm][OAc] systems. A very good agreement with respect to the microstructure of the quantum chemical reference simulations as well as to experimental data such as density, diffusion coefficients, enthalpy of vaporization, compressibility and thermal expansion coefficients can be observed over a wide temperature range. BILFF thus enables accurate simulations of larger systems of solvated cellulose in (aqueous) [EMIm][OAc] and the co-solvent DMSO.
Enhanced Spine Stability and Survival Lead to Increases in Dendritic Spine Density as an Early Response to Local Alpha-Synuclein Overexpression in Mouse Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Bosch Peter J. , Kerr Gemma , Cole Rachel , Warwick Charles A. , Wendt Linder H. , Pradeep Akash , Bagnall Emma , Aldridge Georgina M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLewy Body Dementias (LBD), including Parkinson’s disease dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies, are characterized by widespread accumulation of intracellular alpha-Synuclein protein deposits in regions beyond the brainstem, including in the cortex. However, the impact of local pathology in the cortex is unknown. To investigate this, we employed viral overexpression of human alpha-Synuclein protein targeting the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC). We then used in vivo 2-photon microscopy to image awake head-fixed mice via an implanted chronic cranial window to assess the early consequences of alpha-Synuclein overexpression in the weeks following overexpression. We imaged apical tufts of Layer V pyramidal neurons in the PFC of Thy1-YFP transgenic mice at 1-week intervals from 1 to 2 weeks before and 9 weeks following viral overexpression, allowing analysis of dynamic changes in dendritic spines. We found an increase in the relative dendritic spine density following local overexpression of alpha-Synuclein, beginning at 5 weeks post-injection, and persisting for the remainder of the study. We found that alpha-Synuclein overexpression led to an increased percentage and longevity of newly-persistent spines, without significant changes in the total density of newly formed or eliminated spines. A follow-up study utilizing confocal microscopy revealed that the increased spine density is found in cortical cells within the alpha-Synuclein injection site, but negative for alpha-Synuclein phosphorylation at Serine-129, highlighting the potential for effects of dose and local circuits on spine survival. These findings have important implications for the physiological role and early pathological stages of alpha-Synuclein in the cortex.
Graphical Abstract