bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To use or not to use: Expanding the view on non-addictive psychoactive drug consumption and its implications
Authors: Müller Christian P. , Schumann Gunter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractProposing a change to the view on psychoactive drug use in non-addicts touches a sensitive issue because of its potential implications to addiction prevention, therapeutic practice, and drug policy. Commentators raised nine questions that ranged from clarifications, suggested extensions of the model to supporting data previously not regarded, to assumptions on the implications of the model. Here, we take up the suggestions of the commentators to expand the model to behavioral addictions, discuss additional instrumentalization goals, and review the evidence from laboratory animal studies on drug instrumentalization. We consider further the role of sociocultural factors and individual development in the establishment in drug instrumentalization and addiction. Finally, we clarify which implications we think this model may have. We conclude that drug instrumentalization theory can be further applied to other behaviors but will require a sensitive debate when used for drug and addiction policy that directly affects prevention and treatment.
Precise characterisation of exoplanet-host stars parameters
Authors: Vauclair Sylvie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStudying the internal structure of exoplanet-host stars compared to that of similar stars without detected planets is particularly important for the understanding of planetary formation. In this framework, asteroseismic studies represent an excellent tool for a better characterization of stars and for a precise determination of the stellar parameters like mass, radius, gravity, effective temperature. The detection of stellar oscillations is obtained with the same instruments as used for the discovery of exoplanets, both from the ground and from space, although the time scales are very different. Here I discuss some details about the characterization of exoplanethost stars from seismology and the importance of the helium and heavy element abundances in this respect.
A NIR spectrum of a hot Jupiter from the ground: Preliminary results
Authors: Mandell Avi M. , Deming L. Drake , Blake Geoffrey A. , Knutson Heather A. , Mumma Michael J. , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Salyk Colette 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHigh resolution NIR spectroscopy offers an excellent complement to the expanding dataset of transit and secondary eclipse observations of exo-planets with Spitzer that have provided the bulk of our understanding of the atmospheres and internal structure of these objects. High-resolution data can quantify the vertical temperature structure by isolating specific spectral lines formed at various depths. The presence of an opaque absorbing layer can also be inferred - and its pressure level determined quantitatively - via its effect on spectral line intensities.We have analyzed data for a single secondary eclipse of the bright transiting exo-planet host star HD189733 at L-band wavelengths (3–4 μm) using the NIRSPEC instrument on Keck-II. We utilize a sophisticated first-order telluric absorption modeling technique that, combined with a calibration star, has already been proven to remove the effects of varying atmospheric transmittance and allow us to reach unprecedented S/N. We are conducting validation of the final data reduction products and developing high-resolution atmospheric models for comparison, but we have already been able to rule out emission from methane as reported by Swainet al. (2010). We present preliminary results and discuss future plans for analysis and observations.
Exoplanet atmospheres at high spectral resolution: A CRIRES survey of hot-Jupiters
Authors: Snellen Ignas , de Kok Remco , de Mooij Ernst , Brogi Matteo , Nefs Bas , Albrecht Simon 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecently, we presented the detection of carbon monoxide in the transmission spectrum of extrasolar planet HD209458b, using CRIRES, the Cryogenic high-resolution Infrared Echelle Spectrograph at ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT). The high spectral resolution observations (R=100,000) provide a wealth of information on the planet's orbit, mass, composition, and even on its atmospheric dynamics. The new observational strategy and data analysis techniques open up a whole world of opportunities. We therefore started an ESO large program using CRIRES to explore these, targeting both transiting and non-transiting planets in carbon monoxide, water vapour, and methane. Observations of the latter molecule will also serve as a test-bed for METIS, the proposed mid-infrared imager and spectrograph for the European Extremely Large Telescope.
Revisiting the eccentricities of hot Jupiters
Authors: Husnoo Nawal , Pont Frédéric , Mazeh Tsevi , Fabrycky Daniel , Hébrard Guillaume , Moutou Claire 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMost short period transiting exoplanets have circular orbits, as expected from an estimation of the circularisation timescale using classical tidal theory. Interestingly, a small number of short period transiting exoplanets seem to have orbits with a small eccentricity. Such systems are valuable as they may indicate that some key physics is missing from formation and evolution models. We have analysed the results of a campaign of radial velocity measurements of known transiting planets with the SOPHIE and HARPS spectrographs using Bayesian methods and obtained new constraints on the orbital elements of 12 known transiting exoplanets. We also reanalysed the radial velocity data for another 42 transiting systems and show that some of the eccentric orbits reported in the Literature are compatible with a circular orbit. As a result, we show that the systems with circular and eccentric orbits are clearly separated on a plot of the planetary mass versus orbital period. We also show that planets following the trend where heavier hot Jupiters have shorter orbital periods (the “mass-period relation” of hot Jupiters), also tend to have circular orbits, with no confirmed exception to this rule so far.
The James Webb Space Telescope and its capabilities for exoplanet science
Authors: Clampin Mark 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe James Webb Space Telescope is a large aperture (6.5 meter), cryogenic space telescope with a suite of near and mid-infrared instruments covering the wavelength range of 0.6 ?m to 28 ?m. JWSTs primary science goal is to detect and characterize the first galaxies. It will also study the assembly of galaxies, star formation, and the formation of evolution of planetary systems. JWSTs instrument complement offers numerous capabilities to study the formation and evolution of exoplanets via direct imaging, high contrast coronagraphic imaging and photometric and spectroscopic observations of transiting exoplanets.
Porosity models for pre-planetesimals: modified P-α like models and the effect of dissipated energy
Authors: Arena Serena E. , Speith Roland 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe outcome of collisions between pre-planetesimals is important in the theory of planetesimal formation by collisional growth and strongly depends on their internal structure. Since pre-planetesimals are highly porous, reaching 90% porosity, they could show the so called anomalous behaviour (decrease of density during shock compression, e.g. Bolkhovitinov & Khvostov 1978). Due to involved sizes (>dm), laboratory experiments are unfeasible therefore numerical simulations equipped with adequate porosity models are necessary.Here we focus on the P-α model and its variations. We found that they are suitable for applications in the high porosity range only after a modification of the basic equations, that avoids an inconsistency and takes into account the effect of dissipated energy, is performed.
Planetesimal dynamics in hydromagnetic turbulence
Authors: Gressel Oliver , Nelson Richard P. , Turner Neal J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPlanet formation theory is founded on the concept of dust coagulation and subsequent growth into planetesimals. This process is by no means an isolated one, but possibly happens in a turbulent nebula. It is therefore crucial to understand how particles of different sizes are affected by their gaseous environment via stochastic forcing and aerodynamic damping. We here report on the effects of magneto-rotational (MRI) turbulence in the presence of non-uniform ionisation leading to the formation of a magnetically inactive dead-zone. While we find that collisional growth is impeded by fully-active MRI, it may be possible within a dead-zone.
The Pennsylvania-Toruń search for planets around evolved stars with HET
Authors: Niedzielski Andrzej , Wolszczan Alex , Nowak Grzegorz , Zieliński Paweł , Adamów Monika , Gettel Sara 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSearches for planets around giants represent an essential complement to ’traditional’ surveys, because they furnish information about properties of planetary systems around stars that are the descendants of the A-F main sequence (MS) stars with masses as high as ~5 M⊙. As the stars evolve off the MS, their effective temperatures and rotation rates decrease to the point that their radial velocity variations can be measured with a few ms−1 precision. This offers an excellent opportunity to improve our understanding of the population of planets around stars that are significantly more massive than the Sun, without which it would be difficult to produce abroad, integrated picture of planet formation and evolution. Since 2001, about 30 such objects have been identified, including our five published HET detections (Niedzielski et al. 2007; Niedzielski et al. 2009a; Niedzielski et al. 2009b). Our work has produced the tightest orbit of a planet orbiting a K-giant identified so far (0.6 AU), and the first convincing evidence for a multiplanet system around such as star (Niedzielski et al. 2009a). Our most recent discoveries (Niedzielski et al. 2009b) have identified new multiplanet systems, including a very intriguing one of two brown dwarf-mass bodies orbiting a 2.8M⊙, K2 giant. This particular detection challenges the standard interpretation of the so-called brown dwarf desert known to exist in the case of solar-mass stars. Along with discoveries supplied by other groups, our work has substantially added to the emerging evidence that stellar mass positively correlates with masses of substellar companions, all the way from red dwarfs to intermediate-mass stars. We present current status and forthcoming results from the Pennsylvania-Toruń Search for Planets performed with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) since 2004.
Wind-shearing in gaseous protoplanetary disks
Authors: Perets Hagai B. , Murray-Clay Ruth 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOne of the first stages of planet formation is the growth of small planetesimals and their accumulation into large planetesimals and planetary embryos. This early stage occurs much before the dispersal of most of the gas from the protoplanetary disk. Due to their different aerodynamic properties, planetesimals of different sizes/shapes experience different drag forces from the gas at these stage. Such differential forces produce a wind-shearing effect between close by, different size planetesimals. For any two planetesimals, a wind-shearing radius can be considered, at which the differential acceleration due to the wind becomes greater than the mutual gravitational pull between the planetesimals. We find that the wind-shearing radius could be much smaller than the gravitational shearing radius by the Sun (the Hill radius), i.e. during the gas-phase of the disk wind-shearing could play a more important role than tidal perturbations by the Sun. Here we study the wind-shearing radii for planetesimal pairs of different sizes and compare it with gravitational shearing (drag force vs. gravitational tidal forces). We then discuss the role of wind-shearing for the stability and survival of binary planetesimals, and provide stability criteria for binary planetesimals embedded in a gaseous disk.
A visual guide to planetary microlensing
Authors: Rogers Leslie A. , Schechter Paul L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe microlensing technique has found 10 exoplanets to date and promises to discover more in the near future. While planetary transit light curves all show a familiar shape, planetary perturbations to microlensing light curves can manifest a wide variety of morphologies. We present a graphical guide that may be useful when understanding microlensing events showing planetary caustic perturbations.
Formation of massive gas giants on wide orbits
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Basu Shantanu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe present a mechanism for the formation of massive gas giants on wide orbits via disk fragmentation in the embedded phase of star formation. In this phase, protostellar disks undergo radial pulsations which lead to periodic disk compressions and formation of massive fragments on radial distances of the order of 50–300 AU. The fragments that form during the last episode of disk compression near the end of the embedded phase, when torque from spiral arms become weaker, may survive and mature into massive gas giants. This phenomenon can explain the existence of massive exoplanets on wide orbits is such systems as Fomalhaut and HR 8799.
Polarization of the transiting planetary system of the K dwarf HD 189733
Authors: Kostogryz Nadia M. , Yakobchuk Taras M. , Morozhenko Olexandr V. , Vidmachenko Anatolij P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe model the polarization in the system HD 189733 resulting from the planetary transit. This system has a short-period (2.2d) Jupiter-like planet with the radii ratio Rp/R* = 0.148, orbiting at the distance of 0.031 AU around the star.We calculated the polarization of the system HD189733 to be 0.022% at the limb, which is consistent with the recent observational data. We suggest the shapes of the polarization parameters curves to be used for deriving the planet orbit inclination at the near limb transits as an alternative to standard transit method.
Direct imaging of bridged twin protoplanetary disks in a young multiple star
Authors: Mayama Satoshi , Tamura Motohide , Hanawa Tomoyuki , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Ishii Miki , Pyo Tae-Soo , Suto Hiroshi , Naoi Takahiro , Kudo Tomoyuki , Hashimoto Jun , Nishiyama Shogo , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Hayashi Masahiko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStudies of the structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks are important for understanding star and planet formation. Here, we present the direct image of an interacting binary protoplanetary system. Both circumprimary and circumsecondary disks are resolved in the near-infrared. There is a bridge of infrared emission connecting the two disks and a long spiral arm extending from the circumprimary disk. Numerical simulations show that the bridge corresponds to gas flow and a shock wave caused by the collision of gas rotating around the primary and secondary stars. Fresh material streams along the spiral arm, consistent with the theoretical scenarios where gas is replenished from a circummultiple reservoir.
Influence plots and metrics: tools for better understanding fisheries catch-per-unit-effort standardizations
Authors: Bentley Nokome , Kendrick Terese H. , Starr Paul J. , Breen Paul A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Bentley, N., Kendrick, T. H., Starr, P. J., and Breen, P. A. 2012. Influence plots and metrics: tools for better understanding fisheries catch-per-unit-effort standardizations. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 84–88. Standardization of catch per unit effort using generalized linear models (GLMs) is a common procedure that attempts to remove the confounding effects of variables other than abundance. Simple plots and metrics are described to assist understanding the standardization effects of explanatory variables included in GLMs, illustrated with an example based on New Zealand trevally (Caranx lutescens) data.
Equipment and strategies for emergency tracheal access in the adult patient
Authors: Hamaekers A. E. , Henderson J. J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe inability to maintain oxygenation by non‐invasive means is one of the most pressing emergencies in anaesthesia and emergency care. To prevent hypoxic brain damage and death in a ‘cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate’ situation, emergency percutaneous airway access must be performed immediately. Even though this emergency is rare, every anaesthetist should be capable of performing an emergency percutaneous airway as the situation may arise unexpectedly. Clear knowledge of the anatomy and the insertion technique, and repeated skill training are essential to ensure completion of this procedure rapidly and successfully. Various techniques have been described for emergency oxygenation and several commercial emergency cricothyroidotomy sets are available. There is, however, no consensus on the best technique or device. As each has its limitations, it is recommended that all anaesthetists are skilled in more than one technique of emergency percutaneous airway. Avoiding delay in initiating rescue techniques is at least as important as choice of device in determining outcome.
Comparison of interferon-γ-, interleukin (IL)-17- and IL-22-expressing CD4 T cells, IL-22-expressing granulocytes and proinflammatory cytokines during latent and active tuberculosis infection
Authors: Cowan J , Pandey S , Filion L G , Angel J B , Kumar A , Cameron D W 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn this study, we investigated the role and expression of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells and Th17 cytokines in human tuberculosis. We show that the basal proportion of interferon (IFN)-γ-, interleukin (IL)-17- and IL-22-expressing CD4+ T cells and IL-22-expressing granulocytes in peripheral blood were significantly lower in latently infected healthy individuals and active tuberculosis patients compared to healthy controls. In contrast, CD4+ T cells expressing IL-17, IL-22 and IFN-γ were increased significantly following mycobacterial antigens stimulation in both latent and actively infected patients. Interestingly, proinflammatory IFN-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were increased following antigen stimulation in latent infection. Similarly, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-22 and TNF-α were increased in the serum of latently infected individuals, whereas IL-6 and TNF-α were increased significantly in actively infected patients. Overall, we observed differential induction of IL-17-, IL-22- and IFN-γ-expressing CD4+ T cells, IL-22-expressing granulocytes and proinflammatory cytokines in circulation and following antigenic stimulation in latent and active tuberculosis.
Surfactant protein D inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in human renal tubular epithelial cells: implication for tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Authors: Hu F , Liang W , Ren Z , Wang G , Ding G 
Published: November 2011

SummarySurfactant protein D (SP-D), a member of the C-type lectin (collectin) protein family, plays a critical role in innate host defence against various microbial pathogens and in the modulation of inflammatory responses in the lung. However, little is known about its expression and biological function in the kidney. In this work, we studied SP-D expression in human kidney and cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2), and examined the effect of SP-D on proinflammatory cytokine production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulus. We observed the expression of both SP-D mRNA and protein in human kidney and in-vitro HK-2 cells by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and real-time PCR. To explore the potential role of SP-D in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in kidney infection, we examined the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in HK-2 cells after LPS treatment. Results showed that the level of MCP-1 in the conditioned medium increased significantly when HK-2 cells were cultured with LPS (&gt;0·1 µg/ml) for 8 h. Of interest, LPS treatment inhibited SP-D expression in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, over-expression of SP-D reduced significantly the LPS-induced expression of MCP-1 in transfected cells. These findings suggest that SP-D in the kidney functions as an anti-inflammatory factor in renal tubular epithelial cells and may modulate tubulointerstitial fibrosis in kidney.
Purified Timothy grass pollen major allergen Phl p 1 may contribute to the modulation of allergic responses through a pleiotropic induction of cytokines and chemokines from airway epithelial cells
Authors: Röschmann K I L , van Kuijen A-M , Luiten S , Jonker M J , Breit T M , Fokkens W J , Petersen A , van Drunen C M 
Published: November 2011

Summary
By definition, allergens are proteins with the ability to elicit powerful T helper lymphocyte type 2 (Th2) responses, culminating in immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibody production. Why specific proteins cause aberrant immune responses has remained largely unanswered. Recent data suggest that there may be several molecular paths that may affect allergenicity of proteins. The focus of this study is the response of airway epithelium to a major allergen from Phleum pratense Phl p 1. Instead of focusing on a few genes and proteins that might be affected by the major allergen, our aim was to obtain a broader view on the immune stimulatory capacity of Phl p 1. We therefore performed detailed analysis on mRNA and protein level by using a microarray approach to define Phl p 1-induced gene expression. We found that this allergen induces modulation and release of a broad range of mediators, indicating it to be a powerful trigger of the immune system. We were able to show that genes belonging to the GO cluster ‘cell communication’ were among the most prominent functional groups, which is also reflected in cytokines and chemokines building centres in a computational model of direct gene interaction. Further detailed comparison of grass pollen extract (GPE)- and Phl p 1-induced gene expression might be beneficial with regard to the application of single components within diagnosis and immunotherapy.