bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐evaluation of stomach position as a simple prognostic factor in fetal left congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a multicenter survey in Japan
Authors: Kitano Y. , Okuyama H. , Saito M. , Usui N. , Morikawa N. , Masumoto K. , Takayasu H. , Nakamura T. , Ishikawa H. , Kawataki M. , Hayashi S. , Inamura N. , Nose K. , Sago H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo document outcome and to explore prognostic factors in fetal left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study of 109 patients with prenatally diagnosed isolated left CDH born between 2002 and 2007. The primary outcome was intact discharge, defined as discharge from hospital without major morbidities, such as a need for respiratory support including oxygen supplementation, tube feeding, parenteral nutrition or vasodilators. All patients were managed at perinatal centers with immediate resuscitation, gentle ventilation (mostly with high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation) and surgery after stabilization. Prenatal data collected included liver and stomach position, lung‐to‐head ratio, gestational age at diagnosis and presence or absence of polyhydramnios. Stomach position was classified into four grades: Grade 0, abdominal; Grade 1, left thoracic; Grade 2, less than half of the stomach herniated into the right chest; and Grade 3, more than half of the stomach herniated into the right chest.ResultsOverall intact discharge and 90‐day survival rates were 65.1% and 79.8%, respectively. Stomach herniation was classified as Grade 0 in 19.3% of cases, Grade 1 in 45.9%, Grade 2 in 13.8% and Grade 3 in 21.1%. Multivariate analysis revealed that liver position was the strongest prognostic variable for intact discharge, followed by stomach position. Based on our results, we divided patients into three groups according to liver (up vs. down) and stomach (Grade 0–2 vs. Grade 3) position. Intact discharge rates declined significantly from liver‐down (Group I), to liver‐up with stomach Grade 0–2 (Group II), to liver‐up with stomach Grade 3 (Group III) (87.0%, 47.4% and 9.5% of cases, respectively).ConclusionCurrent status and outcomes of prenatally diagnosed left CDH in Japan were surveyed. Stomach herniation into the right chest was not uncommon and its grade correlated with outcome. The combination of liver and stomach positions was useful to stratify patients into three groups (Group I–III) with different prognoses. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate standard‐based quantification of X‐ray fluorescence data using metal‐contaminated plant tissue
Authors: Camarillo‐Ravelo Dante , Kaftandjian Valérie , Duvauchelle Philippe 
Published: November 2010

AbstractQuantitative X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements have been conducted on naturally lead‐contaminated samples. The calibration procedure using the ratio of fluorescence to Compton scattered radiation was investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. Experimental results with low‐energy photons (14 keV) and simulations show a very good linearity of the fluorescence to Compton ratio as a function of metal concentration. Lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are measured in samples of Phaseolus vulgaris (bean seeds) that have been grown using a nutritive solution with different Pb dopings. Naturally contaminated samples are thus obtained. The calibration must be done for fixed conditions of X‐ray energy and scattering angle, while X‐ray beam intensity and detector to sample distance can change from one sample to another. Simulation allows to evaluate the matrix effect on the calibration curve, and shows that linearity is preserved even in the presence of other heavy elements in the fluorescence spectrum. However, calibration must be done using samples with similar matrix as it affects the slope of the curve. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Living Donor Right Liver Lobe Transplantation With or Without Inclusion of the Middle Hepatic Vein: Analysis of Complications
Authors: Mancero Jorge Marcelo Padilla , Gonzalez Adriano Miziara , Ribeiro Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle , Peron Gilberto , Wahle Raul Carlos , Dazzi Francisco Leôncio , de Oliveira e Silva Adávio , D’Albuquerque Luiz Augusto Carneiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundFor living‐related liver transplantation, harvesting a right hepatic graft that includes the middle hepatic vein (MHV) has been recommended to improve venous drainage of the graft. However, it may result in congestion of the donor’s remaining segment IV, increasing the potential risk to the donor. This study aimed to compare safety levels for liver donors during procedures with or without removal of the MHV.MethodsA total of 68 living donor liver transplantations were performed from March 2001 to May 2007. In 39 procedures, the MHV was not included in the graft (group A), and in 29 the MHV was included in the graft (group B). The analyzed data included surgical time, use of blood derivatives, length of hospital stay, laboratory analyses, weight of the graft, and clinical complications.ResultsNo differences were observed regarding the need for blood derivatives or laboratory parameters. The frequency of postoperative complications was similar in the two groups, with 10 cases (25.6%) in group A and 7 cases (24.1%) in group B (P = 0.887). No deaths were seen. The rate of observed complications was 25% among living donors, most of them being managed without surgical intervention.ConclusionsThe inclusion of the MHV does not add morbidity in living donors in selected cases.
Seasonal difference in the effects of fragmentation on seed dispersal by birds in Japanese temperate forests
Authors: Naoe Shoji , Sakai Shoko , Sawa Ayako , Masaki Takashi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMany studies have demonstrated that forest fragmentation reduces populations of animal species and causes local extinction, triggering many cascading effects. The effect of fragmentation on animals can be exerted through various processes, but such effects have been understudied. In this study, we posed the possibility of differences in the seasonal effects of fragmentation on frugivorous birds and their dispersal of seeds belonging to five tree species. We hypothesized that these effects may be caused by birds and their habitat selection for suitable breeding forests. We compared the abundance and species richness of frugivorous birds and the number of bird‐removed fruits between a well‐preserved and a fragmented temperate forest for two consecutive years. The abundance of birds was lower in the fragmented compared to the well‐preserved forest during the breeding season, although no clear differences in species richness were observed. In contrast, similar decreases in bird abundance were not observed during the migratory season. After controlling for variation in crop size, the number of bird‐removed fruits was lower in the fragmented forest compared to the well‐preserved forest during the breeding season, but there was no such tendency during the migratory season. These results indicate that evaluations regarding the effects of fragmentation on seed dispersal that do not consider seasonal factors may lead to erroneous conclusions. This study suggests that the effects of fragmentation can be exerted though various processes, many of which remain poorly studied and warrant further examination.
Association between hMLH1 hypermethylation and JC virus (JCV) infection in human colorectal cancer (CRC)
Authors: Vilkin Alex , Niv Yaron 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Incorporation of viral DNA may interfere with the normal sequence of human DNA bases on the genetic level or cause secondary epigenetic changes such as gene promoter methylation or histone acetylation. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the USA. Chromosomal instability (CIN) was established as the key mechanism in cancer development. Later, it was found that CRC results not only from the progressive accumulation of genetic alterations but also from epigenetic changes. JC virus (JCV) is a candidate etiologic factor in sporadic CRC. It may act by stabilizing β-catenin, facilitating its entrance to the cell nucleus, initialing proliferation and cancer development. Diploid CRC cell lines transfected with JCV-containing plasmids developed CIN. This result provides direct experimental evidence for the ability of JCV T-Ag to induce CIN in the genome of colonic epithelial cells. The association of CRC hMLH1 methylation and tumor positivity for JCV was recently documented. JC virus T-Ag DNA sequences were found in 77% of CRCs and are associated with promoter methylation of multiple genes. hMLH1 was methylated in 25 out of 80 CRC patients positive for T-Ag (31%) in comparison with only one out of 11 T-Ag negative cases (9%). Thus, JCV can mediate both CIN and aberrant methylation in CRC. Like other viruses, chronic infection with JCV may induce CRC by different mechanisms which should be further investigated. Thus, gene promoter methylation induced by JCV may be an important process in CRC and the polyp-carcinoma sequence.
Mechanisms of dynamic mechanical allodynia and dysesthesia in patients with peripheral and central neuropathic pain
Authors: Landerholml Åsa H. , Hansson Per T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEighteen patients with peripheral neuropathic pain (PNeP) and seven patients with central post‐stroke pain (CPSP) all suffering from dynamic mechanical allodynia (DMA) in a limb were studied. From recent research it is reasonable to suggest that A‐beta fibres constitute the peripheral substrate for DMA in patients with PNeP. The pathophysiological basis for DMA in patients with CPSP is unknown. It is clinically observed that some patients with neuropathic pain report variable intensity of DMA and volunteer that the phenomenon at times is only an unpleasant, i.e., dysesthetic sensation. The pathophysiological basis for dynamic mechanical dysesthesia (DMD) has never been addressed. Based on the aforementioned clinical observations we aimed at investigating if DMA is the hyperbole of DMD both mediated by A‐beta fibres in the periphery. A compression/ischemia‐induced (differential) nerve block in conjunction with repeated quantitative sensory testing of A‐delta and C‐fibre function using cold and warm stimuli was used to assess which nerve fibre population that contributes to DMA and DMD, respectively. During the nerve block there was a transition of DMA to DMD in all patients with PNeP and in 3/7 patients with CPSP. The rest of the patients lost DMA without transition to DMD. The transition or loss of DMA without transition occurred early and concurrently in time during the block and was paralleled by a continuous impairment of mainly A‐beta fibre function. We therefore suggest DMA to be the hyperbole of DMD, the difference being the number of mechanoreceptive fibres having access to the nociceptive system.
Modulation of rat hepatic and kidney phase II enzymes by cabbage juices: comparison with the effects of indole-3-carbinol and phenethyl isothiocyanate
Authors: Krajka-Kuźniak Violetta , Szaefer Hanna , Bartoszek Agnieszka , Baer-Dubowska Wanda 
Published: November 2010

The effect of raw cabbage and sauerkraut juices on the expression and activity of phase II enzymes, glutathioneS-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), in the rat liver and kidney was compared with that of two commercially available products of glucosinolate degradation: indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). Male Wistar rats were treated by oral administration with cabbage juices, I3C or PEITC for 4, 10 and 30 d. The results showed that juices, particularly sauerkraut juice as with I3C and PEITC, significantly increased GST and NQO1 activities in the rat liver. The only exception was the 30 d time point of feeding with raw cabbage juice. Cabbage juices, I3C and PEITC affected the hepatic GST μ to the greatest extent and GST α to a lesser extent. The results of the present study also showed that the treatment of rats with juices and compounds tested caused the translocation of the NF-E2-related transcription factor (Nrf2) active subunit from the cytosol to the nucleus, providing an argument for the involvement of this transcription factor in the induction of GST and NQO1. In contrast to the liver, cabbage juices affected only the renal GST θ, while treatment with I3C and PEITC significantly increased the activity of NQO1. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that induction of the key detoxifying enzymes by cabbage juices, particularly sauerkraut, may be responsible for their chemopreventive activity demonstrated by epidemiological studies and in animal models. However, the final effects might be organ or tissue dependent.
The Canadian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service
Authors: Gluns Richard H. 
Published: November 2010

This year the Canadian Red Cross Society commemorates the twentieth anniversary of the birth of its national blood transfusion service.It was in February, 1947 when the first Red Cross Depot was opened in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was the prototype of 16 similar depots that would be established throughout Canada in the next 15 years. The Canadian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service became truly national in scope with the opening of a depot in Quebec City in 1961.
The International Committee of the Red Cross
Authors: Durand André 
Published: November 2010

In this issue International Review of the Red Cross commences the publication of a recent work, entitled “The International Committee of the Red Cross”, by André Durand, former ICRC delegate-general and author of a history of the ICRC.The original version, in French, was first published by the Centre de Recherches européennes, attached to Lausanne University, under the direction of Professor Henri Rieben.The full version of the book will be printed in the International Review and we extend our warmest thanks to the author and the director of the Centre de Recherches européennes for having kindly given permission to reproduce the book in the Review.In the English and Spanish editions of International Review the text has been translated by the staff of the ICRC translation service.
Red Cross Solidarity
Authors: Beer Henrik 
Published: November 2010

It comes natural these days to associate the concept of solidarity with the universality of the work of the Red Cross. Serving the same ideal, respecting the same principles, carrying out similar activities, Red Cross Societies are linked to each other and belong, as it were, to a single body, the International Red Cross.The solidarity, born of the very structure of the Red Cross movement, is also a powerful incentive, for it manifests itself in the active co-operation of all Red Cross members for the benefit of the whole. The urge which Red Cross men and Societies have to help each other beyond national boundaries has become so strong over the years that it is not too presumptuous to adopt it as a Red Cross principle. By giving the concept of charity a universal dimension for the benefit of suffering mankind, solidarity is akin to the principles of humanity and universality of which it is both the emanation and the moving force.
The Central Tracing Agency of the ICRC
Authors: Katz Monique 
Published: November 2010

The Central Tracing Agency is a permanent and integral part of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Yet it retains an autonomous character during conflicts, as laid down in the four Geneva Conventions.It is the duty of the Central Tracing Agency to carry out the mandate entrusted in time of war to the two central information agencies mentioned in Article 123 of the Third Convention and Article 140 of the Fourth Convention, namely: the central information agency for prisoners of war, and the central information agency for civilian internees and other protected persons. The Geneva Conventions contain about twenty–five articles relating to the role of these agencies, their relations with the Detaining Power, with the “Power of origin”, with the captives and with their families.
A few thoughts on the relationship between humanitarian agencies and the media
Authors: Boegli Urs 
Published: November 2010

Modern conflict often takes place in a communication vacuum, and it is time that something were done to fill it.Those engaged in war today appear to have ever less desire to make their voices heard, in most cases for good reason. In this post-Cold War era, the belligerents do not care as much as they once did about what the rest of the world thinks. They no longer live in fear of annoying or embarrassing their sponsors; indeed in most cases they no longer have sponsors at all, nor do they need them. It is no longer their dream to make speeches at the United Nations in New York, as it was for so many national liberation movements a few decades ago. Many simply care nothing about their international image, or about the outside world.
Is there a ‘droit d'ingérence’ in the sphere of information? The right to information from the standpoint of international humanitarian law
Authors: Sandoz Yves 
Published: November 2010

International humanitarian law does not deal directly with the right to information, but it is useful to highlight some of the law's features in considering people's right to information in wartime.The right to indispensable itemsInternational law stipulates that civilians have a right to items indispensable to their survival. This entails an obligation for the parties to the conflict, both in enemy territory occupied by them and in their own territory, to allow international action to provide these items if they themselves are unable to do so.
Diffeomorphisms with infinitely many irrational invariant curves
Authors: MORA LEONARDO , RUIZ BLADISMIR 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFor a surface diffeomorphism f∈Diff l(M), with l≥8, we prove that if f exhibits a non-transversal heteroclinic cycle composed of two fixed saddle points Q1 and Q2, one dissipative and the other expansive, then there exists an open set 𝒱⊂Diff l(M) such that $ f \in \overline {\mathcal {V}}$ and there exists a dense set 𝒟⊂𝒱 such that for all g∈𝒟, g exhibits infinitely many invariant periodic curves with irrational rotation numbers. Moreover, these curves are C1 conjugated to an irrational rotation on 𝕊1.
DIRECT SUMS OF INFINITELY MANY KERNELS
Authors: ECEVIT ŞULE , FACCHINI ALBERTO , TAMER KOŞAN M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLet 𝒦 be the class of all rightR-modules that are kernels of nonzero homomorphisms φ:E1→E2for some pair of indecomposable injective rightR-modulesE1,E2. In a previous paper, we completely characterized when two direct sumsA1⊕⋯⊕AnandB1⊕⋯⊕Bmof finitely many modulesAiand Bjin 𝒦 are isomorphic. Here we consider the case in which there are arbitrarily, possibly infinitely, manyAiandBjin 𝒦. In both the finite and the infinite case, the behaviour is very similar to that which occurs if we substitute the class 𝒦 with the class 𝒰 of all uniserial rightR-modules (a module is uniserial when its lattice of submodules is linearly ordered).
A review on radiotherapy hypofractionation schedules for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Armpilia Christina , Antypas Christos , Zygogianni Anna , Balafouta Myrsini , Sandilos Panagiotis , Kouvaris John 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRadiation therapy is an integral part of management in breast carcinoma treatment. Standard curative schedules of radiotherapy to the breast deliver 25 fractions of 2.0 Gy per day over 5–6 weeks. Considerable recent literature suggests that hypo-fractionation may be advisory in breast cancer. The use of fewer fractions of more than 2 Gy per day (hypo-fractionation) is based on data suggesting that breast carcinoma is more sensitive to fraction size than squamous carcinomas and therefore could have similar fractionation sensitivity to the dose-limiting healthy tissues, including skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscle and ribs. In this article, a review of published studies and currently ongoing trials, which may provide evidence for the use of hypo-fractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer patients, is presented. Also, for all these different hypo-fractionation regimens found in literature, biologically effective dose (BED) values are calculated and compared. Data from studies and randomised trials seem to support the concept that modest hypo-fractionation can be used to treat the whole breast after breast-conserving surgery with similar rates of local control and radiation morbidity as seen with conventional fractionation.
Abducting both arms improves stability during breast radiotherapy: The Bi Arm study in radiotherapy
Authors: Goldsworthy SG Simon , Sinclair NS Noreen , Tremlett JT Jean , Chalmers AC Anthony , Francis MF Michael , Simcock RS Richard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground: A randomised study to investigate whether bilateral arm abduction is superior to unilateral abduction with respect to stability using shifts on treatment as the main outcome measure.Material and Methods: 50 consecutive female patients were randomised to ipsilateral or bilateral arm abduction. Central lung depth (CLD) and cranial caudal depth (CCD) on the simulator image was compared with that featured on three Electronic Portal Images (EPI) captured during treatment for each patient. Systematic and random errors were analysed with respect to the average translational displacement and standard deviation per patient and per population between the planning image and the EPI.Results: The CLD average translational displacement in the test group was −1.7 mm (95% CI = −5 to 1.6 mm) Σ pop = 2.3 mm, σ pop = 1.6 mm, and in the control group −1.9 mm (95% CI = −6 to 3 mm) Σ pop = 4 mm, σ pop = 2.1 mm. The average translational displacement of CCD in test group was 0 mm (95% CI = − 5.3 to 5.1 mm) Σ pop = 2.2 mm, σ pop = 2.6 mm. CCD translational displacement was greater in the unilateral arm abduction group at − 1.6 mm (95% CI = −6.7 to 3.4 mm) Σ pop = 3.6 mm, σ pop = 2.4mm.Conclusion: The reduction in systematic error and inter-patient variability observed in the test group is evidence that bilateral arm abduction is a more stable and reproducible position than unilateral arm abduction. The CCD translational data indicates that patients treated with unilateral arm abduction were moving inferiorly on the breast board. These results support the adoption of bilateral arm abduction as a standard technique.
Minimum funding ratios for defined-benefit pension funds
Authors: SIEGMANN ARJEN 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe compute minimum nominal funding ratios for defined-benefit (DB) plans based on the expected utility that can be achieved in a defined-contribution (DC) pension scheme. Using Monte Carlo simulation, expected utility is computed for three different specifications of utility: power utility, mean-shortfall, and mean-downside deviation. Depending on risk aversion and the level of sophistication assumed for the DC scheme, minimum acceptable funding ratios are between 0.87 and 1.20 in nominal terms. For relative risk aversion of 5 and a DC scheme with a fixed-contribution setup, the minimum nominal funding ratio is between 0.87 and 0.98. The attractiveness of the DB plan increases with the expected equity premium and the fraction invested in stocks. We conclude that the expected value of intergenerational solidarity, providing time-diversification to its participants, can be large. Minimum funding ratios in real (inflation-adjusted) terms lie between 0.56 and 0.79. Given a DB pension fund with a funding ratio of 1.30, a participant in a DC plan has to pay a 2.7 to 6.1% point higher contribution on average to achieve equal expected utility.