bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of the extracellular matrix gene periostin is increased in chronic rhinosinusitis and decreases following successful endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hubin Gregory , Endam Leandra Mfuna , Al‐Mot Sawsan , Filali‐Mouhim Abdelali , Desrosiers Martin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a potentially important component of mucosal immunity. ECM dysregulation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is suggested by genomewide association studies identifying ECM genes as top candidates. Further support is afforded by the demonstration of increased expression of periostin (POSTN) in CRS biopsy samples compared to controls, and by reported roles in eosinophilic inflammation and steroid responsiveness. We wished to evaluate the potential utility of POSTN as a biomarker for disease activity by determining whether POSTN levels were modified in disease and whether they were modulated by endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).Methods:Twelve patients undergoing ESS for CRS and 10 controls undergoing ESS for skull‐base access were recruited. An epithelial sample from the frontal recess was collected using a cytology brush at time of and 3 months after surgery. Microarray analysis of gene expression was performed using the Illumina HumanHT‐12 Beadchip v3. POSTN protein level in biopsy samples taken from the same place of brushings at surgery was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.Results:All patients resolved CRS with ESS. At surgery, a higher expression of POSTN was seen in the CRS group compared to controls (fold change [FC] = 4.89, positive false discovery rate (pFDR) = 0.0006), which was also verified by IHC. After ESS, POSTN expression in CRS group decreased (FC = −3.074, pFDR = 0.0044), and was no longer different from controls (FC = 1.56, pFDR = 0.3).Conclusion:Demonstration of reduced levels in the expression of POSTN, an ECM gene, following resolution of disease, implicates POSTN, a potential pathogenesis indicator or biomarker of CRS disease activity and responsiveness to treatment. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Quality‐of‐life outcomes following multiple revision endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Clinger John D. , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:Although overall success rates of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) range from 76.0% to 97.5%, ongoing or recurrent symptoms may require revision surgery. Previous studies have shown that revision status is not a predictor of outcomes following ESS, but no distinction has been made between patients undergoing a single or multiple revision procedure. The purpose of this study was to compare quality‐of‐life (QOL) outcomes and associated risk factors of patients undergoing primary ESS, first‐revision ESS, and multiple‐revision ESS (second, third, fourth, and fifth or more).Methods:Demographic and risk factor data were collected from a multi‐institutional prospective cohort of 552 patients undergoing primary (n = 221) and revision (n = 331) ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis. Mean preoperative Lund‐Mackay computed tomography (CT) scan scores, pre‐/postoperative Lund‐Kennedy endoscopy scores, Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI), and Chronic Sinusitis Survey (CSS) outcomes were analyzed using chi‐square testing and 1‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:Mean preoperative RSDI and CSS measurements were similar between primary ESS and all revision groups. Significantly more primary ESS patients met rigorous criteria for a minimally important difference in QOL improvement than revision ESS patients (73.8% vs 61.6%; p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in mean QOL improvement between revision groups (all p ≥ 0.174) even when comparing patients with and without nasal polyposis (all p ≥ 0.312).Conclusion:Generally, patients undergoing primary, first‐revision, and multiple‐revision ESS showed postoperative improvement in QOL scores. More primary ESS patients had significant QOL improvement compared to revision ESS patients. There were no significant differences in mean QOL improvement between any of the individual revision groups. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Die Chemie und Biologie des Ubiquitin‐Signals
Authors: Spasser Liat , Brik Ashraf 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDie Ubiquitinierung ist eine der häufigsten posttranslationalen Modifikationen in Eukaryoten und spielt bei einer Vielzahl zellulärer Prozesse eine Rolle, die zumeist als Signal für den proteasomalen Abbau bekannt sind. Vor kurzem stellte sich heraus, dass das Ubiquitin‐Signal wesentlich komplexer ist und durch die Ubiquitin‐Komponente und das Substrat bestimmt wird. Die bemerkenswerte Mannigfaltigkeit des Ubiquitin‐Signalprozesses hat enorme Bemühungen zur Erforschung der Rolle der Ubiqitinierung in biologischen Prozessen ausgelöst. Trotz der seit mehr als drei Jahrzehnten andauernden Untersuchungen sind aber noch mehrere wichtige Fragestellungen offen. Eine große Hürde ist das Unvermögen, homogene Ubiquitin‐Biokonjugate durch Isolierung aus Zellen oder durch enzymatische Mechanismen zugänglich zu machen. Jüngste Erfolge bei chemischen und semisynthetischen Strategien bieten zunehmend Lösungen für diese Herausforderungen, indem sie die Produktion großer Mengen homogener Ubiquitinkonjugate ermöglichen. In diesem Aufsatz diskutierten wir die fundamentalen biologischen Aspekte des Ubiquitin‐Signals und stellen neuartige nichtenzymatische Ansätze vor, die diese Hindernisse umgehen.
Chemistry and Biology of the Ubiquitin Signal
Authors: Spasser Liat , Brik Ashraf 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUbiquitination is one of the most utilized posttranslational modifications in eukaryotes and is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, but is mostly known as a signal for proteasomal degradation. Recently, it has become clear that the ubiquitin signal is far more complex and is dictated by the ubiquitin component and the substrate. The remarkable diversity of the ubiquitin signaling process has triggered an incredible amount of effort to investigate the role of ubiquitination on biological processes. However, despite more than three decades of studies, several important questions remain unanswered. A major hurdle is the inability to obtain homogeneous ubiquitin bioconjugates in sufficient amounts from cells or by application of the enzymatic machinery. Recent breakthroughs in chemical and semisynthetic strategies, however, offer solutions to these challenges. In this Review, we survey the fundamental biological aspects of the ubiquitin signal and present the emerging non‐enzymatic approaches for overcoming these obstacles.
The Incidence of Invasion and Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma at Different Anatomic Sites in the Skull Base
Authors: Han Jun , Zhang Qiuhang , Kong Feng , Gao Yongan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the incidence of direct invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at different anatomic sites in the skull base using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI data from 101 NPC patients with skull base invasion were collected and we analyzed the incidence and anatomic sites of invasion of NPC in the skull base. Of the 101 NPC patients, 84 had direct invasion at the skull base (83.2%), and 17 had skull base metastasis (16.8%). Affected sites with direct invasion in the skull base included sphenoid sinus and sella base, cavernous sinus, internal carotid canal, and clivus blumenbachii. Skull base metastasis sites included the internal carotid canal and jugular foramen area. Because of early lymphatic metastasis of NPC to the skull base, MRI examination can be helpful in increasing the accuracy of diagnostic imaging for skull base invasion of NPC and selecting appropriate target sites, radiotherapy techniques, and operative approaches. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impaired social decision making in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Zhang Hui‐jun , Sun Delin , Lee Tatia M. C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractResearch on how depression influences social decision making has been scarce. This study investigated how people with depression make decisions in an interpersonal trust‐reciprocity game. Fifty female patients diagnosed with major depressive disorders (MDDs) and 49 healthy women participated in this study. The experiment was conducted on a one‐to‐one basis. Participants were asked to play the role of a trustee responsible for investing money given to them by an anonymous female investor playing on another computer station. In each trial, the investor would send to a participant (the trustee) a request for a certain percentage of the appreciated investment (repayment proportion). Since only the participant knew the exact amount of the appreciated investment, she could decide to pay more (altruistic act), the same, or less (deceptive act) than the requested amount. The participant's money acquired in the trial would be confiscated if her deceptive act was caught. The frequency of deceptive or altruistic decisions and relative monetary gain in each decision choice were examined. People with depression made fewer deceptive and fewer altruistic responses than healthy controls in all conditions. Moreover, the specific behavioral pattern presented by people with depression was modulated by the task factors, including the risk of deception detection and others’ intentions (benevolence vs. malevolence). Findings of this study contribute to furthering our understanding of the specific pattern of social behavioral changes associated with depression.
Particle‐based drop animation on meshes in real time
Authors: Djado Khalid , Egli Richard , Granger Fabrice 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a method for simulating the motion of water drops on a surface in real time. We describe the dynamics of a drop moving on the surface, and then we present our simulation model. We use a geometry‐based representation of a drop. Each drop is modeled by a deformable 3D mesh. This geometrical representation allows drops to be on the surface or in the air. We also propose a simple method to handle drop merging and separation. For the rendering, we simulate reflection and refraction. The drop trace is also taken into account. Our method is fast and robust and yields realistic results when applied to treat condensation on a surface or human sweating in real time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Ortho Arylation of sp2 CH Bonds of N‐Aryl‐2‐amino Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Koley Moumita , Dastbaravardeh Navid , Schnürch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe direct arylation of N‐(2‐pyridyl) substituted anilines is described. Arylation takes place in ortho position to the amine functionality and is directed by the pyridine N‐substituent. Remarkably, N‐arylation was never observed as a competing process even though conditions also suitable for Buchwald–Hartwig reactions were applied. The scope of the reaction was investigated in terms of aryl donors as well as the electronic nature of the substrate. Good yields were obtained for most examples through an operationally simple procedure, which did not require inert conditions or even glove box techniques. Pd(OAc)2 was applied as a cheap catalyst and boronic acids as readily available aryl donors. To obtain full conversion, 1,4‐benzoquinone and a silver salt (e.g., Ag2O) were required as additives and reacted at relatively mild temperatures (e.g., 80 °C). Additionally, the pyridine‐directing group was cleaved after the reaction to give ortho‐arylated aniline derivatives.
Phosphorus(III) Cations Supported by a PNP Pincer Ligand and Sub‐Stoichiometric Generation of P4 from Thermolysis of a Nickel Insertion Product
Authors: Herbert David E. , Miller Adam D. , Ozerov Oleg V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNeutral, mono‐, and dicationic phosphorus(III) compounds are accessible with a supporting PNP pincer ligand (PNP=[4‐Me‐2‐iPr2P‐C6H3)2N]). Reaction of (PNP)H with PCl3 and nBu3N furnished (PNP)PCl2 (1), which displays a highly temperature‐dependent structure in solution. Synthesis and characterization by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography of Cl/Br‐scrambled derivatives, a monocationic derivative [(PNP)PCl][HCB11H11] (4), and the dicationic derivatives [(PNP)P][OTf]2 (5), [(PNP)P][B(C6F5)4]2 (6), [(PNP)P][B12Cl12] (7) established that 1 not only undergoes several fluxional processes in solution but also possesses a temperature‐dependent ground state structure. Reaction of 1 with a Ni0 source initially leads to a phosphine–phosphinidene complex, followed by thermal generation of P4.
Merging Organocatalysis and Gold Catalysis—A Critical Evaluation of the Underlying Concepts
Authors: Loh Charles C. J. , Enders Dieter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWhile both organocatalysis and gold catalysis have their roots deeply entrenched in the landscape of modern organic chemistry, an exciting trend in the complementary merging of organocatalysis and especially AuI catalysis has emerged in the last four years. This niche area has been developing rapidly and this minireview serves to pin‐point the fundamental concepts guiding reaction design in these binary catalytic systems. Moreover, the proven synthetic utility of organo/AuI multicatalytic systems in accessing molecular frameworks, previously a challenge to single catalytic systems, has resulted in this new concept permeating numerous areas of organocatalysis, such as primary/secondary amine, Brønsted acid, hydrogen‐bonding as well as N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. The first detailed account of these recent developments is systematically presented.
Chirality Effects on the IRMPD Spectra of Basket Resorcinarene/Nucleoside Complexes
Authors: Filippi Antonello , Fraschetti Caterina , Piccirillo Susanna , Rondino Flaminia , Botta Bruno , D'Acquarica Ilaria , Calcaterra Andrea , Speranza Maurizio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe IRMPD spectra of the ESI‐formed proton‐bound complexes of the R,R,R,R‐ and S,S,S,S‐enantiomers of a bis(diamido)‐bridged basket resorcin[4]arene (R and S) with cytosine (1), cytidine (2), and cytarabine (3) were measured in the region 2800–3600 cm−1. Comparison of the IRMPD spectra with the corresponding ONIOM (B3LYP/6‐31(d):UFF)‐calculated absorption frequencies allowed the assessment of the vibrational modes that are responsible for the observed spectroscopic features. All of the complexes investigated, apart from [R⋅H⋅3]+, showed similar IRMPD spectra, which points to similar structural and conformational landscapes. Their IRMPD spectra agree with the formation of several isomeric structures in the ESI source, wherein the N(3)‐protonated guest establishes noncovalent interactions with the host amidocarbonyl groups that are either oriented inside the host cavity or outside it between one of the bridged side‐chains and the upper aromatic nucleus. The IRMPD spectrum of the [R⋅H⋅3]+ complex was clearly different from the others. This difference is attributed to the effect of intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the C(2′)OH group and the aglycone oxygen atom of the nucleosidic guest upon repulsive interactions between the same oxygen atom and the aromatic rings of the host.
Plant Cystoliths: A Complex Functional Biocomposite of Four Distinct Silica and Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Phases
Authors: Gal Assaf , Hirsch Anna , Siegel Stefan , Li Chenghao , Aichmayer Barbara , Politi Yael , Fratzl Peter , Weiner Steve , Addadi Lia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPlant cystoliths are mineralized objects that are formed by specialized cells in the leaves of certain plants. The main mineral component of cystoliths by volume is amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and the minor component is silica. We show that the silica stalk is formed first and is essential for ACC formation. Furthermore, the cystolith is shown to be composed of four distinct mineral phases with different chemical properties: an almost pure silica phase grades into a Mg‐rich silica phase. This Mg‐rich silica is overlaid by a relatively stable ACC phase. A bulky and less stable ACC phase encapsulates the first ACC phase. This architecture poses interesting questions about the role of Mg in the silica phase and suggests a strategy for ACC stabilization that takes advantage of a precise regulation of the mineral‐growth microenvironment.
Eurocode 6 Teil 3 – Bemessung von Mauerwerkswänden nach dem vereinfachten Verfahren
Authors: Hauer Markus 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAuch nach der Umstellung auf den Eurocode 6 steht mit dessen Teil 3 eine vereinfachte Berechnungsmethode zur Verfügung. Wesentliche Teile aus dem Eurocode 6 wurden bereits im Jahr 2004 in DIN 1053‐100 für die Berechnung von Mauerwerk mit semiprobabilistischem Sicherheitskonzept aufgenommen. Die aus dieser Norm bekannten Gleichungen werden nun für teilweise aufliegende Deckenplatten ergänzt. Zusätzlich wird für Mauerwerksbauten bis drei Geschosse ein stark vereinfachtes Bemessungskonzept angeboten.Eurocode 6 Part 3 – Design of masonry walls according to the simplified calculation method. Eurocode 6 provides simplified calculation methods for masonry structures.The main basics from Eurocode 6 are well known in Germany from DIN 1053‐100, which already introduced semiprobalistic considerations for masonry structures.The equations from DIN 1053‐100 had been completed for partially supported wall‐floor junctions. Furthermore an even more simplified calculation method was introduced for building structures up to three storeys.
Harvest selection on Atlantic cod behavioral traits: implications for spatial management
Authors: Olsen Esben Moland , Heupel Michelle R. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Moland Even 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHarvesting wild populations may contrast or reinforce natural agents of selection and potentially cause evolutionary changes in life‐history traits such as growth and maturation. Harvest selection may also act on behavioral traits, although this field of research has so far received less attention. We used acoustic tags and a network of receivers to monitor the behavior and fate of individual Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, N= 60) in their natural habitat on the Norwegian Skagerrak coast. Fish with a strong diel vertical migration, alternating between shallow‐ and deep‐water habitats, had a higher risk of being captured in the fishery (traps, gillnet, hand line) as compared to fish that stayed in deeper water. There was also a significant negative correlation between fish size (30–66 cm) and the magnitude of diel vertical migration. Natural selection on behavior was less clear, but tended to favor fish with a large activity space. On a monthly time scale we found significant repeatabilities for cod behavior, meaning that individual characteristics tended to persist and therefore may be termed personality traits. We argue that an evolutionary approach to fisheries management should consider fish behavior. This would be of particular relevance for spatial management actions such as marine reserve design.
Soil properties affect pinyon pine – juniper response to drought
Authors: Peterman Wendy , Waring Richard H. , Seager Trent , Pollock William L. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTSince the late 1990s, drought‐driven dieback has affected more than a million hectares of pinyon pine‐juniper woodlands in the southwestern USA. Analysis of annual aerial surveys by the US Forest Service and soil survey data shows that most of the mortality occurred between 2003 and 2004 and that 70% was restricted to soils mapped as having available water storage capacities (Ac) <100 mm. We conducted a more refined analysis and found that asAcincreased in increments of 50 mm up to 300 mm, the distribution of areas with observed mortality decreased exponentially from 42% to 3% (n = 6 classes,r2 = 0.93). We used this information in a process‐based stand growth model, physiological principles predicting growth, to assess year to year variation in gross photosynthesis between 1985 and 2005 with climatic data at monthly intervals from four weather stations where pinyon‐juniper woodlands were confirmed by satellite imagery. A sensitivity analysis identified sustained periods of drought and supported field observations that once canopy leaf area approaches a maximum value, the majority of mortality should be restricted to soils withAcvalues <100 mm. Additional analyses indicated that differences in soil texture played a small part (<10%) in the variation of gross photosynthesis and that consecutive years of drought may have a cumulative effect on pinyon pine vulnerability to bark beetle attack. Disturbances reducing canopy leaf area index should result in less pine mortality in the future, although conversion to shrub and grassland may occur if climate conditions continue to become less favorable. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioinspired Ion Recognition in Hexanuclear Copper Pyrazolate Metallacycles
Authors: Galassi Rossana , Burini Alfredo , Mohamed Ahmed A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe chemistry of anion‐encapsulation assemblies in copper pyrazolates is reminiscent of the work on the halide‐ and chalcogenide‐centered cubic copper(I) dithiolates. Great efforts have been made to determine the relationship between the design of the ligands, reaction conditions, and the structure of the metallacycles. Fine‐tuning the substituent on the pyrazole ligand and controlling the reaction stoichiometry has led to the synthesis of cages, crowns, and anticrowns. These metallacycles are composed of six copper atoms interlinked by the same number of pyrazolate ligands and encapsulate an anion in the cavity.
Preparation of Carboxylato‐Coordinated Titanium Alkoxides from Carboxylic Anhydrides: Alkoxido Group Transfer from Metal Atom to Carbonyl Group
Authors: Czakler Matthias , Artner Christine , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: June 2012

AbstractReaction of titanium(IV) isopropoxide, Ti(OiPr)4, with an equimolar amount of phthalic anhydride resulted in the transfer of an isopropoxido group from the metal atom to one carbonyl group of the anhydride and coordination of the thus formed monoester to the titanium atom. One monoester ligand in Ti2(OiPr)6(μ2‐OOC‐C6H4‐COOiPr)(η1‐OOC‐C6H4‐COOiPr)(iPrOH) is bridging and the other is η1‐coordinated. When the reaction is performed in the presence of 1 mol‐equiv. of acetic acid, the oxido cluster Ti6(μ3‐O)6(OiPr)6(μ2‐OOC‐C6H4‐COOiPr)6 was instead obtained. The μ3‐oxygen groups in the latter compound are due to esterification of acetic acid by the cleaved isopropyl alcohol.
Practical Oxidative Homo‐ and Heterocoupling of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Immobilized Copper in MCM‐41
Authors: Xiao Ruian , Yao Ruiya , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA practical oxidative homo‐ and heterocoupling of terminal alkynes was achieved in CH2Cl2 at 25 °C by using a 3‐(2‐aminoethylamino)propyl‐functionalized MCM‐41‐immobilized copper(I) complex (MCM‐41–2N‐CuI, 1 mol‐%) as the catalyst, piperidine (0.1 or 3 equiv.) as the base, and air as the environmentally friendly co‐oxidant, yielding a variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,4‐disubstituted 1,3‐diynes in good to excellent yields. This heterogeneous copper catalyst showed a higher catalytic activity than CuI and can be recovered and recycled by a simple filtration of the reaction mixture and used for at least 10 consecutive runs without any decrease in activity.
Mechanistic Insight into the Nickel‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [3+2+2] Cocyclization of Ethyl Cyclopropylideneacetate with Alkynes: DFT Calculations
Authors: An Yanhong , Cheng Caihong , Pan Ben , Wang Zhihong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDFT investigations were employed to explore the complete reaction mechanism of the nickel‐catalyzed [3+2+2] cocyclization of ethyl cyclopropylideneacetate and alkynes. The lowest‐energy pathway involves the formation of a π complex between the methylenecyclopropane moiety and the nickel atom and occurs through a sequence of ring‐opening and ring‐closing reactions with C–C bond formation as the rate‐determining step. The crucial conversion of nickelacycloheptadiene to an eight‐membered nickelacycle was suggested to happen in a stepwise mechanism instead of the previously proposed cyclopropenyl–butenyl rearrangement.