bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel regulation of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 24‐hydroxylase (24(OH)ase) transcription by glucocorticoids: Cooperative effects of the glucocorticoid receptor, C/EBPβ, and the Vitamin D receptor in 24(OH)ase transcription
Authors: Dhawan Puneet , Christakos Sylvia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGlucocorticoid‐induced bone loss has been proposed to involve direct effects on bone cells as well as alterations in calcium absorption and excretion. Since vitamin D is important for the maintenance of calcium homeostasis, in the present study the effects of glucocorticoids on vitamin D metabolism through the expression of 24(OH)ase, an enzyme involved in the catabolism of 1,25(OH)2D3, were examined. Injection of vitamin D replete mice with dexamethasone (dex) resulted in a significant induction in 24(OH)ase mRNA in kidney, indicating a regulatory effect of glucocorticoids on vitamin D metabolism. Whether glucocorticoids can affect 24(OH)ase transcription is not known. Here we demonstrate for the first time a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) dependent enhancement of 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced 24(OH)ase transcription. Dex treatment of GR and vitamin D receptor (VDR) transfected COS‐7 cells and dex treatment of osteoblastic cells (in which VDR and GR are present endogenously) potentiated 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced 24(OH)ase transcription. In addition, GR was found to cooperate with C/EBPβ to enhance VDR‐mediated 24(OH)ase transcription. Using the rat 24(OH)ase promoter with the C/EBP site mutated, GR‐mediated potentiation of 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced 24(OH)ase transcription was inhibited. Immunoprecipitation indicated that that GR can interact with C/EBPβ and ChIP/re‐ChIP analysis showed that C/EBPβ and GR bind simultaneously to the 24(OH)ase promoter. These findings indicate a novel mechanism whereby glucocorticoids can alter VDR‐mediated 24(OH)ase transcription through functional cooperation between C/EBPβ and GR that results in an enhanced ability of C/EBPβ to cooperate with VDR in the regulation of 24(OH)ase. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1314–1323, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long chain‐polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate membrane phospholipid composition and protein localization in lipid rafts of neural stem cell cultures
Authors: Langelier Bénédicte , Linard Alain , Bordat Christian , Lavialle Monique , Heberden Christine 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRat neural stem cells/neural progenitors (NSC/NP) are generally grown in serum‐free medium. In this study, NSC/NP were supplemented with the main long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in the brain, arachidonic acid (AA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and were monitored for their growth. Lipid and fatty acid contents of the cells were also determined. Under standard conditions, the cells were characterized by phospholipids displaying a highly saturated profile, and very low levels of PUFAs. When cultured in the presence of PUFAs, the cells easily incorporated them into the phospholipid fraction. We also compared the presence of three membrane proteins in the lipid raft fractions: GFR and connexin 43 contents in the rafts were increased by DHA supplementation, whereas Gβ subunit content was not significantly modified. The restoration of DHA levels in the phospholipids could profoundly affect protein localization and, consequently, their functionalities. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1356–1364, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐muscle myosin IIB helps mediate TNF cell death signaling independent of actomyosin contractility (AMC)
Authors: Flynn Patrick G. , Helfman David M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNon‐muscle myosin II (NM II) helps mediate survival and apoptosis in response to TNF‐alpha (TNF), however, NM II's mechanism of action in these processes is not fully understood. NM II isoforms are involved in a variety of cellular processes and differences in their enzyme kinetics, localization, and activation allow NM II isoforms to have distinct functions within the same cell. The present study focused on isoform specific functions of NM IIA and IIB in mediating TNF induced apoptosis. Results show that siRNA knockdown of NM IIB, but not NM IIA, impaired caspase cleavage and nuclear condensation in response to TNF. NM II's function in promoting cell death signaling appears to be independent of actomyosin contractility (AMC) since treatment of cells with blebbistatin or cytochalasin D failed to inhibit TNF induced caspase cleavage. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed associations of NM IIB with clathrin, FADD, and caspase 8 in response to TNF suggesting a role for NM IIB in TNFR1 endocytosis and the formation of the death inducing signaling complex (DISC). These findings suggest that NM IIB promotes TNF cell death signaling in a manner independent of its force generating property. J. Cell. Biochem. 9999: 1365–1375, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of β‐catenin/Tcf signaling by flavonoids
Authors: Park Seyeon , Choi Jaemin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFunctional activation of β‐catenin/T‐cell factor (Tcf) signaling has been implicated in human carcinogenesis. We identified the inhibitory effect of various polyphenolic flavonoid compounds against β‐catenin/Tcf signaling in β‐catenin‐activated cells. Genistein, kaempferol, isorhamnentin, and baicalein inhibited the transcriptional activity of β‐catenin/Tcf in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with a constitutively active mutant β‐catenin gene. To investigate the inhibitory mechanism, electrophoresis mobility shift assay, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot experiments were performed. The shift assay showed that the binding of Tcf complexes with its specific DNA‐binding sites was suppressed by four kinds of flavonoids. Immunoprecipitation analysis also showed that the binding of β‐catenin to Tcf‐4 was also disrupted by these flavonoids. Western blot analysis showed a decreased level of β‐catenin in nucleus caused by genistein. Genistein also decreased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β. Taken together, these results suggest that the polyphenolic flavonoids genistein, kaempferol, isorhamnentin, and baicalein are negative regulators of β‐catenin/Tcf signaling and their inhibitory mechanism is related to the decreased binding of β‐catenin/Tcf complexes to consensus DNA. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1376–1385, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of dihydrofolate reductase downregulation in melanoma by 3‐O‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzoyl)‐(−)‐epicatechin
Authors: Sánchez‐del‐Campo Luís , Chazarra Soledad , Montenegro María F. , Cabezas‐Herrera Juan , Rodríguez‐López José Neptuno 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn our search to improve the stability and cellular absorption of tea polyphenols, we synthesized 3‐O‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzoyl)‐(−)‐epicatechin (TMECG), which showed high antiproliferative activity against melanoma. TMECG downregulates dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) expression in melanoma cells and we detail the sequential mechanisms that result from this even. TMECG is specifically activated in melanoma cells to form a stable quinone methide (TMECG‐QM). TMECG‐QM has a dual action on these cells. First, it acts as a potent antifolate compound, disrupting folate metabolism and increasing intracellular oxidized folate coenzymes, such as dihydrofolate, which is a non‐competitive inhibitor of dihydropterine reductase, an enzyme essential for tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) recycling. Such inhibition results in H4B deficiency, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and superoxide production. Second, TMECG‐QM acts as an efficient superoxide scavenger and promotes intra‐cellular H2O2 accumulation. Here, we present evidence that TMECG markedly reduces melanoma H4B and NO bioavailability and that TMECG action is abolished by the eNOS inhibitor Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester or the H2O2 scavenger catalase, which strongly suggests H2O2‐dependent DHFR downregulation. In addition, the data presented here indicate that the simultaneous targeting of important pathways for melanoma survival, such as the folate cycle, H4B recycling, and the eNOS reaction, could represent an attractive strategy for fighting this malignant skin pathology. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1399–1409, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Odontoblast‐targeted Bcl‐2 overexpression impairs dentin formation
Authors: Zhang Wenjian , Ju Jun , Gronowicz Gloria 
Published: June 2010

AbstractApoptosis has been described extensively in tooth development, which is under tight control of multiple apoptosis regulators, including anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2. However, it is totally unclear how Bcl‐2 is related to odontogenesis, especially dentinogenesis. Using a transgenic mouse Col2.3Bcl‐2 in which human Bcl‐2 was overexpressed in odontoblasts, the effect of Bcl‐2 on dentinogenesis was investigated. Overexpression of Bcl‐2 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Odontoblast apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL and Western blot detection of cleaved caspase‐3. Odontoblast differentiation was assessed by real‐time PCR detection of dentin matrix expression. Dentin mineralization was evaluated by micro‐CT in vivo, and alizarin red S staining and calcium content analysis in vitro. Bcl‐2 was found to be overexpressed in odontoblasts and prevent their apoptosis. Odontoblast differentiation and mineralization was inhibited by Bcl‐2, as evidenced by lower expressions of DMP‐1, OC, and DSPP, and decreased odontoblast mineralization in vitro, as well as decreased dentin thickness and mineral density in vivo when compared to the wild‐type animals. Inhibition of odontoblast differentiation by Bcl‐2 occurs, at least partially, via a suppression of MEK‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, Bcl‐2 overexpression prevents odontoblast apoptosis and impairs dentin formation, partially via an inhibition of odontoblast differentiation. This study revealed some novel functions of Bcl‐2 in dentinogenesis in addition to its anti‐apoptotic effect, which shed some light on the genetic complexity of tooth development. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 425–432, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A multilevel investigation of neighborhood effects on parental warmth
Authors: Tendulkar Shalini A. , Buka Stephen , Dunn Erin C. , Subramanian S.V. , Koenen Karestan C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough researchers recognize that social contexts shape parenting behaviors, the relationship between neighborhood environment and parenting remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the associations between compositional and contextual (structural, social, and safety) characteristics of neighborhoods and parental warmth. Data came from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) Study and the 1990 Census. Results of multilevel linear regression analyses suggested that most of the unexplained variation in warmth resulted from compositional differences between caregivers within neighborhoods. We also found significant unexplained neighborhood variation in warmth after adjusting for numerous compositional variables, though our neighborhood variables did not explain this remaining variation. Other compositional or contextual variables may account for this neighborhood level variation. Findings suggest that although differences between caregivers explain most of the between‐neighborhood variation in parental warmth, neighborhood environment is important. These findings highlight the importance of the neighborhood in studies of parenting. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Violence exposure and depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults disconnected from school and work
Authors: Mendelson Tamar , K. Turner Alezandria , Tandon S. Darius 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe psychological effects of exposure to different types of violence among urban adolescents and young adults are not yet well understood. This study investigated exposure to neighborhood violence, relationship violence, and forced sex among 677 urban African Americans aged 16–23 enrolled at an employment and training center. We assessed prevalence of each violence exposure type, the relation of each exposure type to depressive symptoms, and the extent to which exposure to multiple violence types is additively associated with depressive symptoms. Potential gender differences were also explored. Nearly 60% of our sample reported violence exposure, with males reporting more neighborhood violence and females reporting more forced sex. For both genders, each violence exposure domain was independently associated with depressive symptoms, and exposures in multiple domains had an additive effect on depressive symptom levels. These findings have implications for developing strategies to improve mental health outcomes among urban adolescents and young adults. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coping with the personal loss of having a parent with mental illness: young adults' narrative accounts of spiritual struggle and strength
Authors: Maunu Aleisha , Stein Catherine H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe present study examines the personal accounts of nine young adults who have parents living with mental illness. Adults' experience of personal loss due to their parents' mental illness and perceptions of their religious faith journey and spiritual struggles are described. Overall, young adults who reported experiencing more personal loss due to their parents' mental illness also reported feeling more confused on their faith journey, and reported experiencing more spiritual struggle relative to participants who reported experiencing less personal loss. Regardless of level of personal loss, all participants identified positive personal attributes that resulted from coping with their parents' illness, including a greater sense of independence, personal strength, and compassion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disclosure in 3D of slit‐membrane as well as ‐strands, and en‐face basal lamina in situ of renal glomerulus of normal rats in embedment‐free section transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Kondo Hisatake 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWith higher contrast and transparency due to the absence of epon and stereo‐viewing effect due to thicker sections than conventional electron microscopy as methodological advantages, the renal glomerular slits were re‐examined in embedment‐free section electron microscopy. In addition to clear demonstration of strands bridging the slits in forms of ladders with highly irregular intervals and various extension‐directions and length, this study disclosed clearly for the first time in the “section” TEM thin sheets which partially spanned the slit together with the strand‐ladders. No strands were found to align in forms of typical zippers in normal kidney. Furthermore, en‐face ultrastructure of the basal lamina in situ was clearly demonstrated in superimposed sites of the endothelial fenestrae with the slits. Microsc. Res. Tech. 74:142–147, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silk‐elastinlike protein polymers improve the efficacy of adenovirus thymidine kinase enzyme prodrug therapy of head and neck tumors
Authors: Greish Khaled , Frandsen Jordan , Scharff Stephanie , Gustafson Joshua , Cappello Joseph , Li Daqing , O'Malley Bert W. , Ghandehari Hamidreza 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundAdenoviral‐directed enzyme prodrug therapy is a promising approach for head and neck cancer gene therapy. The challenges faced by this approach, however, comprise transient gene expression and dissemination of viruses to distant organs.MethodsWe used recombinant silk‐elastinlike protein polymer (SELP) matrices for intratumoral delivery of adenoviruses containing both thymidine kinase‐1 and luciferase genes in a nude mouse model of JHU‐022 head and neck tumor. Hydrogels made from two SELP analogues (47K and 815K), with similar silk to elastinlike block ratios but different block lengths, were studied for intratumoral viral delivery. Tumor‐bearing mice were followed up for tumor progression and luciferase gene expression concomitantly for 5 weeks. Polymer safety was evaluated through body weight change, blood count, and liver and kidney functions, in addition to gross and microscopic histological examination.ResultsSELP‐815K analogues efficiently controlled the duration and extent of transfection in tumors for up to 5 weeks with no detectable spread to the liver. An approximately five‐fold greater reduction in tumor volume was obtained with matrix‐mediated delivery compared to intra‐tumoral injection of adenoviruses in saline. SELP matrix proved safe in all injected mice compared to the control group.ConclusionsThe SELP‐controlled gene delivery approach could potentially improve the anticancer activity of virus‐mediated gene therapy at the same time as limiting viral spread to normal organs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds – poster presentations Session 19, Sunday, June 14 to Thursday, June 18, 2009
Authors: Wheeler William 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe poster session is a series of papers dealing with a conglomeration of all of the previous sessions. Cristian Postolache, the fourth of the Wiley Young Scientist Award winners gave a Poster in this session. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of topographical and geographical effects on some climatic parameters in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey
Authors: Apaydin Halit , Anli Alper S. , Ozturk Fazli 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA two‐phase research was implemented to determine the effect of topography on climate parameters by using spatial interpolation and conventional statistical procedures in non‐homogeneous topography. The primary set of climate data for the Central Anatolia Region includes monthly mean global solar radiation, sunshine duration, surface air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall, recorded from 1976 to 2005.In the first phase, the effect of elevation on climate parameters was evaluated. For this purpose, kriging and co‐kriging geostatistical interpolation techniques were compared to determine which one of the two techniques was more successful in determining the spatial distribution of climate parameters in variable topography. The inclusion of elevation as a covariate resulted in reduction of errors on sunshine duration, temperature and wind speed. On the basis of these error values, there is a relationship between elevation and sunshine duration, temperature and wind speed.In the second phase, multiple regression equations were developed to determine the effect of topography on annual mean values of climate factors. The highest correlation (−0.76) was found between solar radiation and latitude. The most effective factors were latitude and elevation. They alone explain 57% of the variability for sunshine duration and 56% for temperature, respectively. The multiple regression results were more significant than were the individual, pairwise correlation relationships. The mostly explained factor was temperature. Its variability was explained by latitude, elevation, aspect and slope as a ratio of 81.7%. Separate regression models for each data set and both response variables varied in their ability to explain variability in the response, withR2values between 0.125 and 0.817. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Variability of regional snow cover in spring over western Canada and its relationship to temperature and circulation anomalies
Authors: Bao Zhenhao , Kelly Richard , Wu Renguang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study documents the variability of spring snow cover over the western Canadian Prairies and Northern Boreal Forest and its relationship to sea surface temperature (SST) over the North Pacific and atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific–North America. The work is based on monthly snow cover extent (SCE) estimates derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data during 1972–2008. Results show that the SCE along eastern parts of the Canadian Rocky Mountains has the largest variance during March and April. Two regional SCE indices are defined using area mean SCE anomalies over the region of 47–53°N, 104–111°W (SCE‐A) and 55–60°N, 111–120°W (SCE‐B) based on the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) patterns of SCE in March and April, respectively. These two SCE indices are not only significantly correlated with simultaneous and preceding winter 500 hPa heights over mid‐latitude northwestern North America and central North Pacific but also with SST in mid‐latitude eastern North Pacific in preceding autumn and winter. Furthermore, it is found that the SST anomalies in the mid‐latitudes along the western coast of North America in the preceding autumn–winter influence the 500 hPa height over northwestern North America in April and cause the variations of SCE‐B. Finally, it is shown that the SCE‐B can be used as a climatic index to characterize the connection of SCE with the regional skin temperature in late spring and early summer. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Regionality of monsoon onset in South America: a three‐stage conceptual model
Authors: Nieto‐Ferreira Rosana , Rickenbach Thomas M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe evolution of monsoon onset across South America has complex temporal and regional variability that are controlled by local and remote land–ocean–atmosphere processes. In this study, a three‐stage conceptual model for the onset of the South American monsoon season is proposed based on a rain threshold analysis and a rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project version 2 (GPCP‐v2) dataset. This two‐pronged approach allowed the identification of regions of South America that share a common seasonal cycle of rainfall variability and likely have a common mechanism for monsoon onset.According to this model, the first stage of onset starts around pentad 59 (October 18–22) when precipitation begins in the northwestern part of the continent and gradually progresses towards the south and southeast. The second stage is marked by the abrupt establishment of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ). This stage occurs on average around pentad 61 (October 28–November 1). The third stage of monsoon onset involves the late arrival of the monsoon to the mouth of the Amazon River, associated with the slow migration of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). This final stage of onset occurs on average by pentad 73 (December 27–31). This three‐stage model of onset provides a useful framework for the study of regional differences in monsoon onset mechanisms, a subject that is further explored in two companion studies. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Trends in temperature, diurnal temperature range and sunshine duration in Northeast India
Authors: Jhajharia Deepak , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTrends in maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin) and mean (Tmean) temperatures; diurnal temperature range (DTR = Tmax − Tmin); and sunshine duration at eight sites in Northeast (NE) India were investigated. Three sites observed decreasing trends in DTR corresponding to annual, seasonal (pre‐monsoon and monsoon) and monthly (September) time scales. On the other hand, DTR increases were also observed at other three sites in monsoon and post‐monsoon seasons as well as in the months of June, October and December. The sites showing DTR decreases (increases) witnessed either increasing trends in Tmin (Tmax) or decreasing trends in Tmax (Tmin), with Tmax (Tmin) showing either no trend or increasing at a smaller rate than Tmin (Tmax). Temperature remained practically trendless in winter and pre‐monsoon seasons over NE India. However, temperature increases were observed in monsoon and post‐monsoon seasons. Decreasing trends in sunshine duration were observed mainly on annual, seasonal (winter and pre‐monsoon) and monthly (January, February and March) time scales. Concomitant decreases in sunshine duration may be one of the potential causes of the observed DTR decreases over NE India. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society