bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressivity and participation: children's management of parental assistance in paediatric chronic pain encounters
Authors: Clemente Ignasi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article examines how older paediatric patients (10–18 years) initiate different actions, including the solicitation of parental assistance, to accomplish the task of answering clinicians’ symptom questions in three paediatric tertiary care clinics. Using the qualitative method of conversation analysis to examine children's symptom accounts in 69 video‐recorded outpatient intake visits, I describe four child‐initiated strategies that preclude, solicit and limit parental assistance in the interactional environment of having difficulties in providing an answer. These strategies are: children's own answer searches, children's solicitations of corroboration, children's solicitations of an answer, and children's answer completions. Supported by the clinicians’ strong commitment to child‐centredness, children manage to solicit parental assistance without losing the opportunity to present their own symptom accounts.
‘I’ve put weight on cos I’ve bin inactive, cos I’ve ’ad me knee done’: moral work in the obesity clinic
Authors: Webb Helena 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAs governments and healthcare systems grow increasingly concerned with the current obesity ‘epidemic’, sociological interest in the condition has also increased. Despite the emergence of work discussing obesity as a social phenomenon, the sociological dimensions of medical weight‐loss treatments for obesity remain underexplored. This paper reports on a conversation analytic (CA) study and describes how moral issues surrounding weight and patienthood become visible when doctors and patients discuss obesity. Consultations in two UK National Health Service clinics were video‐recorded and analysed to identify recurring patterns of interaction. This paper describes how patients answer opening questions: questions which begin the consultation, enabling patients to report their medical status. Analysis reveals that when producing their answers, patients typically imply either ‘success’ or ‘lack of success’ in their weight‐loss progress. Whilst doing so, they construct their personal agency in different ways, crediting themselves for implied successes and resisting responsibility for lack of success. Through interaction the doctor and patient collaboratively construct obesity as a moral issue. The moral obligations invoked share similarities with certain perceived normative dynamics surrounding obesity and the responsibilities of patienthood. These findings have relevance to healthcare practice and add to sociological understanding of the modern obesity ‘crisis’.
Dialling for donations: practices and actions in the telephone solicitation of human tissues
Authors: Elizabeth Weathersbee T. , Maynard Douglas W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAltruistic actions such as the donation of public goods have long been the subject of social scientific debate. While scholars have recognised the importance of analysing the solicitation of donated goods such as human organs and tissues, to date none has examined actual interaction for this fateful event as it unfolds in real time. In this paper, we use data from 186 audio‐recorded telephone interactions between donation centre personnel and family members of the recently deceased along with in‐depth interviews and observations conducted in the call centre, to examine this particular donation solicitation interaction. Using conversation analysis, we demonstrate the step‐by‐step sequencing of the interaction that begins with the ringing phone generated by the call centre personnel which eventually leads to the formulation of the reason for the call, the tacit donation solicitation. Our close analysis of the sequential organisation of this interaction shows how solicitation is done cautiously, incrementally, and tacitly rather than overtly, reflecting its status as a dispreferred action. This analysis suggests that configurations in the wording of solicitations may operate interactionally but inadvertently to discourage the act of donation that call centre personnel are attempting to elicit.
Embedding instruction in practice: contingency and collaboration during surgical training
Authors: Svensson Marcus Sanchez , Luff Paul , Heath Christian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper we address the ways in which surgeons, in collaboration with other members of the surgical team, create occasions for demonstration and instruction within the highly complex and demanding tasks of a surgical operation. Drawing on video recordings of surgical operations, augmented by field studies, we examine how particular phenomena and procedures are made accessible and intelligible to trainees and the ways in which brief episodes of insight and instruction enable complex procedures to be followed and understood. We consider the ways in which demonstration and instruction are achieved, whilst preserving the integrity of medical practice, and explore how trainees are provided with the opportunity to witness, and learn from, the contingent deployment of formal procedures in particular cases. We conclude by considering our observations in the light of recent discussions of practice and situated learning in healthcare training.
Early vocabulary development in deaf native signers: a British Sign Language adaptation of the communicative development inventories
Authors: Woolfe Tyron , Herman Rosalind , Roy Penny , Woll Bencie 
Published: October 2009

Background:  There is a dearth of assessments of sign language development in young deaf children. This study gathered age‐related scores from a sample of deaf native signing children using an adapted version of the MacArthur‐Bates CDI (Fenson et al., 1994).Method:  Parental reports on children’s receptive and expressive signing were collected longitudinally on 29 deaf native British Sign Language (BSL) users, aged 8–36 months, yielding 146 datasets.Results:  A smooth upward growth curve was obtained for early vocabulary development and percentile scores were derived. In the main, receptive scores were in advance of expressive scores. No gender bias was observed. Correlational analysis identified factors associated with vocabulary development, including parental education and mothers’ training in BSL. Individual children’s profiles showed a range of development and some evidence of a growth spurt. Clinical and research issues relating to the measure are discussed.Conclusions:  The study has developed a valid, reliable measure of vocabulary development in BSL. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between vocabulary acquisition in native and non‐native signers.
A 3‐year longitudinal analysis of changes in fitness, physical activity, fatness and screen time
Authors: Aires L , Andersen LB , Mendonça D , Martins C , Silva G , Mota J 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  To analyse whether changes in physical activity index (PAI), screen time (ST: television, computer) and body mass index (BMI) made a contribution to longitudinal changes in fitness of children and adolescents. Additionally, we analysed the interaction between baseline fitness level and changes in fitness.Methods:  This is a 3‐year longitudinal study of 345 high school students aged 11–19 years. Students performed curl‐ups, push‐ups and 20‐m shuttle run tests from Fitnessgram. PA and ST were evaluated using a standard questionnaire. Standardized scores of fitness tests were summed. Changes over time were calculated as Δ1 (2007 minus 2006), Δ2 (2008 minus 2007) and Δ3 (2008 minus 2006).Results:  Changes in PAI were positively and independently associated with changes in fitness in Δ1, Δ2 and Δ3. Changes in BMI were negatively associated with changes in fitness in Δ3. Participants highly fit at baseline were those who showed positive changes in PAI over Δ3, decreased changes in ST and had the lowest increase in BMI over 3 years compared with those low‐fit at baseline.Conclusions:  Changes in BMI were associated with changes in fitness over 3 years. However, changes in PAI were the best predictor for changes in fitness in each year and over the 3 years of evaluation in youth.
Treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome with clonidine and chloral hydrate
Authors: Esmaeili A , Keinhorst AK , Schuster T , Beske F , Schlösser R , Bastanier C 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  The objective of this retrospective study is to compare the medical treatment of neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome with clonidine and chloral hydrate with the commonly used combination therapy of morphine and phenobarbital.Methods:  From 1998 to 2008, a total of 133 newborns suffering from neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome were treated at our clinic. All of these patients were born to mothers who had received methadone substitution for drug addiction during the course of pregnancy.Results:  Twenty‐nine patients received clonidine and chloral hydrate, and 64 patients were treated with morphine and phenobarbital for abstinence syndrome. The duration of treatment was significantly shorter in the clonidine/chloral hydrate group (median: 14 days vs. 35 days). Correspondingly, the period of hospitalization was also considerably shorter in the clonidine/chloral hydrate group (median: 32 days vs. 44 days). In addition, patients in the clonidine/chloral hydrate group exhibited markedly reduced withdrawal symptoms.Conclusion:  This study suggests that a treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome with clonidine in omission of opiates is possible without causing short‐term adverse cardiovascular effects. Considering the retrospective design of the study, controlled and prospective trials are needed.
Novel Water-soluble Curcumin Derivative Mediating Erectile Signaling
Authors: Abdel Aziz Mohamed Talaat , El Asmer Mohammed F. , Rezq Ameen , Kumosani Taha Abdullah , Mostafa Samya , Mostafa Taymour , Atta Hazem , Abdel Aziz Wassef Mohamed , Fouad Hanan H. , Rashed Laila , Sabry Dina , Hassouna Amira A. , Senbel Amira , Abdel Aziz Ahmed 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Curcumin is an inducer of heme oxygenase enzyme-1 (HO-1) that is involved in erectile signaling via elevating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)levels.

Aim
To assess the effect of oral administration of a water-soluble long-acting curcumin derivative on erectile signaling.

Methods
Two hundred and thirty six male white albino rats were divided into four groups; group 1 (N=20) includes control. Group 2 (N=72) was equally divided into four subgroups; subgroup 1 received pure curcumin (10 mg/kg), subgroup 2 received the long-acting curcumin derivative (2 mg/kg), subgroup 3 received the long-acting curcumin derivative (10 mg/kg), and subgroup 4 received sildenafil (4 mg/kg). Subgroups were sacrificed after the first, second, and third hour. Group 3 (N=72) was equally divided into the same four subgroups already mentioned and were sacrificed after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 1 week. Group 4 (N=72) was subjected to intracavernosal pressure (ICP) measurements 1 hour following oral administration of the same previous doses in the same rat subgroups.

Main Outcome Measure
Cavernous tissue HO enzyme activity, cGMP, and ICP.

Results
In group 2, there was a significant progressive maintained elevation of HO activity and cGMP tissue levels starting from the first hour in subgroups 3 and 4, whereas, the rise in HO activity and cGMP started from second hour regarding the other rat subgroups. Sildenafil effect decreased after 3 hours. In group 3, there was a significant maintained elevation of HO activity and cGMP tissue levels extended to 1 week as compared to controls for all rat subgroups that received both forms of curcumin. In group 4, long-acting curcumin derivative exhibited more significant potentiation of intracavernosal pressure as compared to control and to the pure curcumin.

Conclusion
Water-soluble long-acting curcumin derivative could mediate erectile function via upregulating cavernous tissue cGMP.
Penile Enhancement Using Autologous Tissue Engineering with Biodegradable Scaffold: A Clinical and Histomorphometric Study
Authors: Perovic Sava V. , Sansalone Salvatore , Djinovic Rados , Ferlosio Amedeo , Vespasiani Giuseppe , Orlandi Augusto 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Autologous tissue engineering with biodegradable scaffolds is a new treatment option for real penile girth enhancement.

Aim
The aim of this article is to evaluate tissue remodeling after penile girth enhancement using this technique.

Methods
Between June 2005 and May 2007, a group of 12 patients underwent repeated penile widening using biodegradable scaffolds enriched with expanded autologous scrotal dartos cells. Clinical monitoring was parallel to histological investigation of tissue remodeling. During second surgical procedure, biopsies were obtained 10–14 months after first surgery (mean 12 months, N=6) and compared with those obtained after 22–24 months (mean 23 months, N=6), and control biopsies from patients who underwent circumcision (N=5). Blind evaluation of histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical finding was performed in paraffin sections.

Main Outcome Measurements
Penile girth gain in a flaccid state ranged between 1.5 and 3.8 cm (mean 2.1 ± 0.28 cm) and in full erection between 1.2 and 4 cm (mean 1.9 ± 0.28 cm). Patients’ satisfaction, defined by a questionnaire, was good (25%) and very good (75%).

Results
In biopsies obtained 10–14 months after first surgery, highly vascularized loose tissue with collagen deposition associated with small foci of mild chronic and granulomatous inflammation surrounding residual amorphous material was observed. Fibroblast-like hyperplasia and small vessel neoangiogenesis occurred intimately associated with the progressive growth of vascular-like structures from accumulation of CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells surrounding residual scaffold-like amorphous material. Capillary neoangiogenesis occurred inside residual amorphous material. In biopsies obtained after 22–24 months, inflammation almost disappeared and tissue closely resembled that of the dartos fascia of control group.

Conclusions
Autologous tissue engineering using expanded scrotal dartos cells with biodegradable scaffolds is a new and promising method for penile widening that generates progressive accumulation of stable collagen-rich, highly vascularized tissue matrix that closely resemble deep dartos fascia.
Alterations in Skin Immune Response Throughout Chronic UVB Irradiation—Skin Cancer Development and Prevention by Naproxen
Authors: González Maglio Daniel H. , Paz Mariela L. , Ferrari Alejandro , Weill Federico S. , Nieto Jorge , Leoni Juliana 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSkin exposure to UVB radiation has been reported to produce both a significant inflammatory response and marked immunosuppression. This work was aimed to evaluate whether the response of murine skin to an acute UVB dose was modified by pre‐exposure to chronic UVB irradiation and by topical treatment with naproxen, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. Moreover, the effect of naproxen on the incidence of UV‐induced skin tumors was studied. Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) levels were increased 96 h post‐UVB in acutely irradiated animals and both mediators were modified by topical naproxen application—PGE2was decreased while TNF‐α was increased. Such inflammatory response was suppressed when mice were chronically irradiated. Naproxen application on chronically irradiated mice reduced the incidence of tumor lesions. Taken together, our data suggest that chronic UVB irradiation generates an immunosuppressive state that prevents skin cells from responding normally to an acute irradiation challenge, thus impairing the protective effect of TNF‐α against skin tumor development. Furthermore, reduction in the incidence of tumor lesions by naproxen may be due to its ability to increase TNF‐α levels as well as to decrease PGE2.
BASIC PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF GONDWANALAND DURING THE LATE PALAEOZOIC AND MESOZOIC ERAS
Authors: KING PROFESSOR LESTER C. 
Published: October 2009

The mighty sequences of late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic continental sediments characteristic of Gondwanaland are reviewed and interpreted palaeoclimatically. The glacial and succeeding beds are not susceptible of explanation on the simple hypothesis of a “Permo-Carboniferous” refrigeration—actually the glacial episode had passed in western Argentina before it began in Australia and. climates in western Gondwana were warming up
after
glaciation while those in the east were cooling
towards
refrigeration.

From the Carboniferous period until the Jurassic, facies divisions within the continental rock sequences cross the time divisions progressively from weat to east.
The palaeoclimatic data are plotted on a series of restorations of Gondwanaland that had been independently derived several years before from a study of the pattern of major sub-oceanic ridges which had suggested successive positions for the reassembly on the globe. The data so plotted are found to fall into climatic girdles consonant with latitude that are precisely similar to the major girdles—frigid, cold, temperate and tropical—of the present day.
This agreement of the palaeoclimatic data with modern conditions is of such an order as to verify both the accuracy of the reassembly and the positions for it deduced previously from the pattern of mid-oceanic ridges.
MAGMATIC DIFFERENTIATION AND ALTERATION IN THE ST. AUSTELL GRANITE
Authors: EXLEY COLIN STEWART 
Published: October 2009

Mineralogical and chemical evidence enables the St. Austell granite to be divided into four main varieties, of which the earliest probably constitutes a separate intrusion. The distribution of minerals and chemical components makes it clear that variation is due to magmatic differentiation. Suggestions as to the causes of albite enrichment and fine grain in the later varieties are offered.
Further evidence shows that the granite has been altered by both late magmatic and post-magmatic processes. The latter are related to the joint system, which forms part of a regional pattern. Greisening, a late magmatic process, was initiated by aqueous residual solutions containing small amounts of boron and fluorine and was controlled by pressure, temperature, acidity and the concentration of various elements. Kaolinization, the important post-magmatic process, resulted from the attack on the solid rock of solutions, doubtless from unconsolidated magma below, escaping through the joints. These solutions, also aqueous, did not apparently contain any of the agents of alteration usually attributed to them. Reaction was controlled by pressure, temperature, acidity, concentration and also by ionic potential of the elements involved and the ion-exchange capacity of the newly formed clay minerals.
GEOLOGY OF THE REYDARFJÖRDUR AREA, EASTERN ICELAND
Authors: WALKER GEORGE P. L. 
Published: October 2009

A succession of nearly 15,000 feet of volcanic rocks, mostly plateau-basalt lavas, is described from the Reydarfjördur area. This area is in the middle of the large Tertiary outcrop of eastern Iceland, and the rocks described constitute the lower parts of the exposed succession there. They dip uniformly west-south-west at 3–7 degrees.
Tholeiites, olivine-basalts, and porphyritic basalts rich in phenocrysts of basic plagioclase make up the bulk of the lava pile, and there is little sign of any systematic distribution of these types. Lavas of a particular type tend to form groups of flows, and these can be readily mapped in the field and clearly have a wide horizontal extension.
Two long periods of acid volcanism are distinguished, both having given rise to a considerable bulk of acid and intermediate lavas and pyroclastic rocks. Two more acid volcanic episodes are represented in the mapped ground by acid tuffs, and a fifth is represented by the copious outpourings of acid and intermediate lavas and pyroclasts of the Thingmuli central volcano which was later built on the platform of plateau lavas described in this paper.
The bulk of the lavas are regarded as the product of fissure eruption, and two examples have been found of a lava connected to its dyke feeder. The dyke swarm in the area is estimated to contain over 500 dykes, mostly basic, with a general northerly trend.
THE SUCCESSION AND STRUCTURE OF THE BORROWDALE VOLCANIC ROCKS SOUTH-EAST OF ULLSWATER
Authors: MOSELEY F. 
Published: October 2009

The lower 8500 feet of the Borrowdale Volcanic succession is exposed in the Ullswater region and is divided in this paper into four groups. The lowest, the Ullswater Group, faulted against the underlying Skiddaw Slates, consists of about 2700 feet of basalt and basic andesite, followed by 1500 feet of flow-brecciated andesite. Above this, the variable Birk Fell Group (approximately 1300 feet thick) consists of rhyolite, felsitic tuff (including streaky welded tuff), and andesitic tuff. The succeeding Place Fell Group (2500 + feet) is formed of andesitic and felsitic tuff with flows of basic andesite and basalt. There is some evidence that the andesitie and basic rocks were derived from the south-west and the felsitic rocks from the east. The highest beds mapped are the Angle Tarn Andesites, probably to be correlated with the Wrengill Andesites of other parts of the Lake District.
The principal structural feature is a broad north-easterly trending asymmetrical syncline, which is continuous with that of Scafell and Helvellyn. Cleavage is moderately developed and also has a north-easterly trend (average 054°), with a near-vertical dip. Of several well-developed fault systems, the most important has a north-westerly trend (average 305° and consists of dextral wrench-faults with large strike and dip-slip components. It is suggested that there was an early phase of wrench-faulting and a later phase of normal faulting along the same lines. Another important group of faults are northerly (354°) high-angle dip-slip faults, terminated by the north-westerly faults and possibly contemporaneous with the suggested later phase of movement of these faults. There are joint systems with the same trends as these two groups of faults, and also a strong north-north-westerly (324°) group of joints interpreted as tension structures of the main folding. Most of the mineral veins seem to be related to the later normal faulting and may be post-Carboniferous. The Skiddaw Slate–Borrowdale Volcanic junction is everywhere faulted. This is interpreted as a thrust and probably reflects the disharmonic relations between the two groups.
THE HELL’S MOUTH GRITS: CAMBRIAN GREYWACKES IN ST. TUDWAL’S PENINSULA, NORTH WALES
Authors: BASSETT DOUGLAS ANTHONY , WALTON EWART KENDALL 
Published: October 2009

The paper is an attempt to reconstruct the nature and position of the source, the mode of transportation and the envi ronment of deposition of the alternating grits and mudstones of the Hell’s Mouth Grits of the St. Tudwal’s Peninsula.
The grit beds are very uniform in lithology and in thickness when traced along the outcrops, with a gradual thinning southwards. They exhibit the characteristic textures and structures of greywackes but differ from the normal type in being relatively well sorted and commonly laminated. They are dominantly lithic (low-rank) greywackes with a small percentage of feldspathic greywackes. The directional structures––current-markings and cross-lamination–indicate a northerly source, the composition suggests a source like the Pre-Cambrian of Anglesey and the texture implies transportation by turbidity currents and deposition below wave-base.
The intercalated mudstones are more variable both in thickness and in lithology. They contain laminated mudstones rich in sponge remains, white-weathering pyriteless mudstones, small lenses of a peculiar mud-pellet rock and thin intercalations of lenticular siltstone and grits. The lenticular nature of the bedding and the variable nature of the cross-lamination suggest deposition above wave-base.
The contradictory nature of the evidence is not fully understood but a somewhat similar association of features can be inferred from the results of recent work on deep-sea sediments.