bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airspace Structure Study with Capacity Compensation for Increasing Diverse Operations (IDO)
Authors: Welsch Tobias , Temme Marco-Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The future implementation of Increasing Diverse Operations (IDO) will result in a reduction in capacity at hub airports due to the necessity of inserting larger gaps between aircraft with very different speed profiles. This is due to the large range of different approach speeds that IDO encompasses. Such a development will present a challenge for airports, which are already operating at or near their capacity limit. An alternative routing towards an intercept point at a late stage of the final approach can provide two approach options with relatively low interference for subsequent traffic. With the help of recorded traffic data from London Heathrow, this study evaluates the performance in terms of capacity for different constellations of this procedure. Moreover, the biphasic evaluation, conducted through theoretical calculations for a constant separation distance and a fast-time simulation for a constant separation time, yielded key findings that facilitated the development of an optimized procedure for a traffic mix with significant speed differences to compensate IDO-related capacity losses as far as possible.
Identification and comprehensive analysis of the Senescence-Related Diagnostic Biomarkers in Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Tu Dao-yuan , Zhang Jie , Wang Ming-kao , Li Heng , Dou Jin , Zhang Xiao-yu , Zhao Hai-jian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Recent research indicates that senescence plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the clinical significance and predictive capabilities of senescence-related genes (SRGs) in gastric carcinoma (GC). This study employs machine learning techniques to discern the diagnostic biomarker associated with senescence in GC. Moreover, it delves into an extensive evaluation of its immunological infiltration, biological function, and clinical relevance. Our analysis identified four SRGs (FEN1, HIF1A, PDGFRB, and PEX5) using a combination of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, support vector machine recursive feature elimination, and the area under the curve metrics. Subsequently, these four SRGs were incorporated into a senescence-based prognostic signature termed “riskScore.” Notably, the riskScore demonstrated reliability and accuracy as an independent prognostic marker. We observed a robust association between the riskScore and tumor mutation burden, clinicopathological features, tumor immune microenvironment, and overall prognosis. Single-cell sequencing revealed heightened immune cell infiltration in the high-risk group. Furthermore, the riskScore emerged as a pivotal determinant guiding therapeutic decisions for GC, including immunotherapy and chemotherapy. The results strongly suggest the riskScore as the signature diagnostic biomarker for GC. These findings lay a robust foundation for GC treatments and hold promise for developing a rapid, non-invasive technique for disease monitoring and prognostic prediction.
Investigation of the Influence of Rain on Pitot-Static Measuring Systems of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Tilmans Jan , Jackisch Sven , Moormann Dieter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

For unmanned aerial systems with a maximum take-off mass of up to 25 kg, simple pitot-static tubes are predominantly used to measure the aerodynamic speed. In this work, the influence of rain on this measurement is investigated using representative pitot-tubes of different diameters. In wind tunnel tests, water droplets with a diameter of about 3 mm are generated at a flow velocity of 10 m/s, which hit the pitot-tubes at the total pressure bore. The observed disturbances sometimes last several hours and are equivalent to a total failure of the measuring system during flight operations. Phenomena are identified that influence the measurement of dynamic pressure in rain. It can be shown that both capillarity and the momentum of the raindrops play a decisive role in the type, severity and duration of the disturbance due to their relative movement to the tube. The further course of the disturbance is also influenced by the evaporation of liquid, both on and in the tube. In flight tests under rain conditions, the findings of the wind tunnel tests were qualitatively confirmed and additional disturbance patterns were observed.
Effect of drying biomass protocols on bioactive compounds, antioxidant and enzymatic activities of the red macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii
Authors: Nunes Aline , Dutra Felipe de Souza , Brito Sinara de Nazaré Santana , Pereira Milene Stefani , Azevedo Gadiel Zilto , Schneider Alex Ricardo , Oliveira Eva Regina , Santos Alex Alves dos , Maraschin Marcelo , Vianello Fábio , Lima Giuseppina Pace Pereira 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Kappaphycus alvarezii is a red seaweed widely used throughout the world, with applications in various biotechnological processes. In this sense, the contents and stability of bioactive compounds of interest synthesized by this seaweed species must be guaranteed in post-harvest, by adopting suitable drying protocols of biomass (e.g.) that allow furnishing high-quality raw material for industrial usage. This study aimed to analyze the influence of commonly used drying methods, i.e., freeze-drying and oven-drying, on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays), total carotenoid content (TC), and lipase (LA) and protease activities (PA) of K. alvarezii samples collected over the seasons in sea farms in southern Brazil. The freeze-drying technique showed to be more effective regarding superior contents of TPC and TC, besides antioxidant activity (DPPH assay). In its turn, oven-drying proved to be the best method regarding the TFC and PA, with better performance in the FRAP assay. In this way, it appears that the drying process of the algal biomass can be selected depending on the required traits of the biomass for the intended industrial application.
Detection and characterization of H5N1 HPAIV in environmental samples from a dairy farm
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Trujillo Jessie D. , McDowell Chester D. , Matias-Ferreyra Franco , Kafle Sujan , Kwon Taeyong , Gaudreault Natasha N. , Fitz Isaac , Noll Lance , Retallick Jamie , Richt Juergen A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The recent expansion of HPAIV H5N1 infections in terrestrial mammals in the Americas, most recently including the outbreak in dairy cattle, emphasizes the critical need for better epidemiological monitoring of zoonotic diseases. In this work, we detected, isolated and characterized the HPAIV H5N1 from environmental swab samples collected from a dairy farm in the state of Kansas (USA). Genomic sequencing of these samples uncovered two distinctive mutations in the PB2 (E249G) and NS1 (R21Q) genes which are rare and absent in recent 2024 isolates of H5N1 circulating in the mammalian avian species. Additionally, approximately 1.7% of the sequence reads indicated a PB2 (E627K) mutation, commonly associated with the virus's adaptation to mammalian hosts. Phylogenetic analyses of the PB2 and NS genes demonstrated more genetic identity between this environmental isolate and the 2024 human isolate (A/Texas/37/2024) of H5N1. Conversely, HA and NA gene analyses revealed a closer relationship between our isolates and those found in other dairy cattle with almost 100% identity, sharing a common phylogenetic subtree. These findings underscore the rapid evolutionary progression of HPAIV H5N1 among dairy cattle and reinforces the need for more epidemiological monitoring which can easily be done using environmental sampling.
Study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of micro grooved ultra-thin plate heat pipe
Authors: Su Huashan , CHEN Hong , Chen Kui , Wang Gang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Ultra-thin flat heat pipe is an effective means to solve the heat dissipation problem of thin electronic equipment due to its strong thermal conductivity and high stability in narrow space. In this paper, the VOF gas-liquid two-phase flow model of CFD software is used to numerically simulate the flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the micro-grooved ultra-thin flat heat pipe. The heat transfer performance test platform of the heat pipe is built, and the performance of the heat pipe is tested by considering different filling rates and different heating powers. The results show that the phase transition first occurs on the side of the heating surface of the evaporation section. The vapor on the wall of the condensation section condenses and forms a liquid film. The non-channel liquid will gather in the channel under the capillary force of the micro-groove and flow to the evaporation section. The 35% filling rate is the best filling rate of the micro-grooved ultra-thin flat heat pipe. At this time, the heat transfer efficiency is higher, which is consistent with the simulation results, and provides a valuable reference for the development and design of the ultra-thin flat heat pipe.
Genome wide comprehensive characterization and expression analysis of RBOH genes revealed drought stress response in mung bean (Vigna radiate L.)
Authors: Dogra Ishani , Ram Chet , Kesawat Mahipal Singh , Kour Ramandeep , Meena Manoj Kumar , Sudarsan Yemmanur , Sharma Anil Kumar , Sharma Vikas , Kumar Pawan , Berwal Mukesh K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) play a pivotal role as key producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during broad range of biological processes including plant growth, development, hormonal signalling and environmental stress responses in plants. Since, the availability of mung bean (Vigna radiata) genome sequences, the identification and characterization of the RBOH gene family in mung bean remain unknown. Therefore, the current study focuses on identifying and characterizing nine RBOH genes, designated as VraRBOH, in mung bean. The VraRBOH genes were characterized using all sort of bioinformatics analysis for distribution, structural and phylogenic organization in mung bean genome. Further, their expression level was assessed during drought stress in mung bean. The chromosomal distribution analysis showed the presence of VraRBOH genes on six chromosomes only rather than scattering in whole genome. All VraRBOH genes exhibited conserved domain including those for binding of FAD, NADPH ribose and NADPH region in C-terminal region during multiple sequence alignment analysis. The VraRBOH genes harboured the introns ranged from 0 (VraRBOH1) to 23 (VraRBOH4). The phylogenetic tree consisted of five major groups with subgroups. The presence of the cis-regulatory elements in the VraRBOH gene promoter regions suggested the biologically active nature of these genes in mung bean. Semi quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis revealed that VraRBOH4 exhibited exponential expression at the transcript level in the time-course experiment of drought stress in mung bean. Conversely, the remaining VraRBOH genes displayed either up- or down-regulation at specific time points of the drought stress treatment. The identified and characterized VraRBOH gene family offers a valuable resource for both fundamental and applied research aimed at comprehending mung bean's tolerance to abiotic stress.
Ultrathin transition metal oxychalcogenides
Authors: Chhowalla Manish , Xu Wenshuo , Wu Yao , Xi Shibo , Wang Yan , Wang Ye , Ke Yuxuan , Ding Lingtong , Wang Xiao , Yang Jieun , Zhang Wenjing , Loh Kian Ping , Ding Feng , Liu Zheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exfoliated from bulk layered materials possess interesting properties. Most transition metal oxides (TMOs) are not layered and therefore cannot be exfoliated. Here we report the synthesis of a new family of ultrathin materials – transition metal oxychalcogenides (TMOCs) and demonstrate their unique properties. Specifically, 2D TMOCs such as HfSxOy, ZrSxOy, TiSxOy, TaSxOy, NbSxOy, VSexOy, HfSexOy, ZrSexOy, TaTexOy (x, y ~ 0–2) from bulk TMDs (HfS2, ZrS2, TiS2, TaS2, NbS2, VSe2, HfSe2, ZrSe2, TaTe2) have been fabricated using tetrabutylammonium intercalation. The stoichiometry of TMOCs can be adjusted, which enables control of their optical band gaps and tunability of electrical conductivity by more than 8 orders of magnitude. Our results show that by tuning the chalcogen to oxygen ratio along with local atomic structure in TMOCs, it is possible to impart unexpected properties. For example, in contrast to conventional TMDs, the hybrid structure renders TMOCs surprisingly stable and electrochemically active in strong acids, which allows them to be used as proof-of-concept catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at pH ≈ 0. The HfS0.52O1.09 catalysts show high mass activity (10,3000 A g–1 at an overpotential of 0.5 V) and exhibit durability in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysers.
Neural Correlates of Perceiving Animacy in Robotic Objects
Authors: Yizhar Or , Maimon Amber , Tal Zohar , Wald Iddo Yehoshua , Erel Hadas , Friedman Doron , Zuckerman Oren , Amedi Amir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The prevalence of robots in modern society calls for gaining a fundamental understanding of the underlying principles of human-robot interaction. In particular, we need to understand how people perceive robots and how different physical and social characteristics affect this perception. Here, we examined the neural correlates of observing simple gestures performed by a non-humanoid social robot, focusing on the role of the Ventral Occipitotemporal (VOT) cortex in processing perceived animacy. Our results reveal that a broad bilateral cortical network is activated, comprising areas related to action observation, the social brain, and the visual cortex, including the VOT. We also found a correlation between the level of neural responses in the VOT, especially in the left hemisphere, and individual animacy ratings of the robotic object. This correlation provides a physical basis for such subjective ratings. These results suggest a complex representation of perceived animacy across the lateral-medial axis of the VOT, explained by spatial cortical location and the amplitude of neural responses. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how people perceive robots, their behaviors and intentions, which are crucial for developing social robots that can interact with humans more naturally.
Factors Associated With Intrapartum Detectable Viral Load Among Hiv Positive Parturients at Riley Mother and Baby Hospital, Eldoret-Kenya.
Authors: Matetai Susan Jepchirchir , Mutakha Godfrey Shichenje , Muyala Liko , Were Edwin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Vertical transmission of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) can occur during pregnancy, labour, and delivery, or in breastfeeding. Detectable viral load among pregnant women is the strongest predictor. Knowledge of factors associated with DVL could inform integrated prevention services both in prenatal and postnatal care. Objective To describe the patient characteristics, determine the prevalence of detectable viral load and assess factors associated with it among HIV infected women delivering at Riley Mother and Baby Hospital (RMBH), Eldoret Kenya. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study conducted among 140 HIV infected expectant women attending RMBH. Maternal sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire and viral load assay was done by the AMPATH Reference Laboratory with a detection threshold of 40 copies/ml. Descriptive statistics of means and proportions as well as bivariate tests of associations (p ≤ 0.05) were conducted, followed by logistic regression for statistically significant variable. Results 99 (70.9%) of the participants knew their HIV status prior to the pregnancy under review, 34 (24.3%) sero-discordant and 77 (55.0%) presented late (> 16weeks) for their first antenatal visit. TDF/3TC/EFV was the most common antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen with an overall median ART duration of 20 (IQR: 6.0, 60.0) months. 25 (17.9%) had DVL, of whom 5/25 (20%) had Low level viremia (50-1000 copies/ ml) while 17/25 (68%), had > 1000 copies/ml. 16/17 (94%) of those with viral load of > 1000copies/ml delivered by spontaneous Vertex Delivery (SVD). Those with moderate or severe ART side effects were significantly more likely to have a detectable viral load at delivery (AOR = 6.189; 95% CI: 1.330, 28.797; p = 0.020). Conclusion The prevalence of DVL was 17.9% with moderate or severe ART related side effects being significant predictors. Adherence counselling in integrated PMTCT and antenatal care should focus on the recognition of ART-related side effects and their management.
A computational framework for processing time-series of Earth Observation data based on discrete convolution: global-scale historical Landsat cloud-free aggregates at 30 m spatial resolution
Authors: Consoli Davide , Parente Leandro , Simoes Rolf , Şahin Murat , Tian Xuemeng , Witjes Martijn , Sloat Lindsey , Hengl Tomislav 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Processing extremely large collections of Earth Observation (EO) time-series, often petabyte-sized, such as NASA's Landsat and ESA's Sentinel missions, can be computationally prohibitive and costly. Despite their name, even the Analysis Ready Data (ARD) versions of such collections can rarely be used as direct input for modeling and require additional time-series processing. Existing solutions for readily using these data are not openly available, are poor in performance, or lack flexibility. Addressing this issue, we developed SIRCLE (Signal Imputation and Refinement with Convolution Leaded Engine), a computational framework that can be used to apply diverse time-series processing techniques by simply adjusting the convolution kernel. Together with SIRCLE, this paper presents SWAG (Seasonally Weighted Average Generalization), a method for EO time-series reconstruction integrated in the framework. SWAG can be used as an imputation method to reconstruct EO images affected by the presence of clouds. Compared to a benchmark dataset, SWAG consistently outperformed the reference methods, reducing reconstruction errors by at least 15%. As the first large-scale application, SIRCLE and SWAG were employed to process the entire Global Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD) ARD-2 Landsat archive, producing a cloud-free bi-monthly aggregated product. This process, covering seven Landsat bands globally from 1997 to 2022, with more than two trillion pixels and for each one a time-series of 156 samples in the aggregated product, required approximately 28 hours of computation using 1248 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6248R CPUs. The resulting reconstructed images can be used for machine learning models or to map biophysical indices. With the hosting of about 20 TB per band/index for an entire 30 m resolution, bi-monthly historical time-series, stored as Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs (COG) and distributed as open data, the product enables seamless, fast, and affordable access to the Landsat archive for environmental monitoring and analysis applications.
Mesoscopic ring element growth and deformation induced biofilm streamer evolution in microfluidic channels
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Tang Yangyang , Tao Cong , Zhang Jinchang , Dong Fulin , Liu Song , Zhang Duohuai , Wang Xiaoling 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

In a fluid environment, biofilms usually form and grow into streamers attached to solid surfaces. Existing research on single streamers studied their formation and failure modes. In the experiment on biofilm growth in a microfluidic channel, we found that rings composed of bacteria and an extracellular matrix are important elements on a mesoscopic scale. In the fluid environment, the failure of these ring elements causes damage to streamers. We simulated the growth and deformation of the ring structure in the micro-channel using multi-agent simulation and fluid–structure coupling of a porous elastic body. Based on this, we simulated the biofilm evolution involving multi-ring deformation, which provides a new length scale to study the biofilm streamer dynamics in fluid environments.
Urban flood modeling with a novel coupling method of surface and sewer hydrodynamic processes
Authors: Wang Siyi , Wang Jiaying , Xin Kunlun , Yan Hexiang , Li Shuping , Tao Tao 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Drainage modeling that accurately captures urban storm inundation serves as the foundation for flood warning and drainage scheduling. In this paper, we proposed a novel coupling ideology that, by integrating 2D-1D and 1D-2D unidirectional processes, overcomes the drawback of the conventional unidirectional coupling approach that fails to properly represent the rainfall surface catchment dynamics, and provides more coherent hydrological implications compared to the bidirectional coupling concept. This paper first referred to a laboratory experimental case from the literature, applied and analyzed the coupling scheme proposed in this paper and the bidirectional coupling scheme that has been widely studied in recent years, compared the two coupling solutions in terms of the resulting accuracy and applicability, and discussed their respective strengths and weaknesses to validate the reliability of the proposed method. The verified proposed coupling scheme was then applied to the modeling of a real drainage system in a region of Nanjing, China, and the results proved that the coupling mechanism proposed in this study is of practical application value.
Estimasi Tinggi Curah Hujan dari Data Klimatologi Menggunakan Model Artificial Neural Network (ANN) di Jakarta Pusat, Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Authors: Diando Azamulail , Limantara Lily Montarcih , Wahyuni Sri 
Published: May 2024

Banyaknya data yang hilang maupun kurang akibat kerusakan alat pencatat, proses perbaikan, maupun kesalahan manusia, berpengaruh besar terhadap proses Analisa sumber daya air. Kebutuhan akan data curah hujan yang lengkap dan akurat, pada proses perencanaan suatu wilayah sangatlah penting. Studi ini diharapkan dapat mengatasi kemungkinan adanya kekurangan informasi mengenai data yang dibutuhkan dalam sebuah analisis sumber daya air. Dengan menggunakan data curah hujan dan klimatologi berupa suhu udara, kelembapan, lama penyinaran matahari, dan kecepatan angin, dapat diperkirakan estimasi tinggi curah hujan yang turun di daerah dalam kurun waktu tertentu dengan menggunakan metode permodelan jaringan syaraf tiruan. Pada studi ini ditemukan nilai validasi terbaik pada proses kalibrasi dengan rentang 29 tahun, dengan epoch 1500, didapatkan nilai Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0,81, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 66,12, dan Koefisien Korelasi (R) = 0,9, sedangkan nilai validasi terbaik pada proses verifikasi dengan rentang 1 tahun, epoch 1000, didapatkan nilai Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0,83, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 57,81, dan Koefisien Korelasi (R) = 0.98.