bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous lateral rotation therapy – a review
Authors: Wanless Stephen , Aldridge Matthew 
Published: July 2011

Aims: This article reviews the current evidence, benefits and drawbacks for the use of continuous lateral replacement therapy in the treatment and prevention of nosocomial infections in the ventilated patient.Relevant to Practice: The acquisition of nosocomial infections and the development of pressure sores continue to be major issues in the care of the critically ill, ventilated patient. The use of continuous lateral rotation therapy (CLRT) as an adjunct in the prevention and treatment of pneumonia has increased in popularity in recent years. A number of institutions routinely advocate the use of CLRT in critically ill patients.Conclusion: While there is some data to suggest that CLRT may have an impact on prevention of and treatment for nosocomial infections acquired by ventilated patients, there still remains insufficient evidence to its inclusion as a fully validated treatment. Clearly, there is a requirement for more robust, in‐depth research into the efficacy of this proposed treatment.
Healthcare Utilization and Expenditures in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Catheter Ablation
Authors: LADAPO JOSEPH A. , DAVID GUY , GUNNARSSON CANDACE L. , HAO STEVEN C. , WHITE SARAH A. , MARCH JAMIE L. , REYNOLDS MATTHEW R. 
Published: July 2011

Catheter Ablation in AF Patients, Including Age 65+, Reduces Utilization. Aim: The aim was to estimate the impact of catheter ablation on short‐ and long‐term healthcare utilization and expenditures among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in general and Medicare populations.
Methods:
Data were analyzed from The MarketScan® Databases. MarketScan data contain deidentified patient‐level records from employer‐sponsored and public health insurance plans. Multivariable regression models for utilization and expenditures were built for all patients, with subanalyses performed for patients ≥65 years. Results were compared to preablation figures and reported for 5 time groups, based on duration of available postablation follow‐up: 6–12 months; 12–18 months; 18–24 months; 24–30 months; and 30–36 months.
Results:
A total of 3,194 patients were identified who had undergone catheter ablation for treatment of AF, had continuous enrollment in the database 6 months prior to first ablation, and had at least 1‐year follow‐up postablation. Compared to the 6 months prior to ablation, there were significant reductions in the number of outpatient appointments, inpatient days, and emergency room visits in the total study population and in the subset ≥65 years. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) decrease in total healthcare expenditures across 4 of the 5 6‐month time periods, with annual savings ranging from $3,300 to $9,200. For patients ≥65 years, annual savings ranged from $3,200 to $9,200. Drug utilization also significantly declined (P < 0.01), with average annual medication savings ranging from $670 to $890, and from $740 to $880 for patients ≥65 years.
Conclusion:
Catheter ablation for AF reduced healthcare utilization and expenditures up to 3 years postablation. This reduction was consistent, significant, and had implications for general and Medicare populations. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 1‐8, January 2012)
Additional Diagnostic Value of Very Prolonged Observation by Implantable Loop Recorder in Patients with Unexplained Syncope
Authors: FURUKAWA TOSHIYUKI , MAGGI ROBERTO , BERTOLONE CRISTINA , FONTANA DANIELE , BRIGNOLE MICHELE 
Published: July 2011

Long‐Term Observation with ILR. Introduction: In the literature, the average diagnostic yield of the implantable loop recorder (ILR) is reported to be 35% over an observation period generally less than 18 months. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of ILR during very prolonged observation.
Methods and Results:
Consecutive patients who had received one or more (in the case of battery exhaustion before diagnosis) ILR (Reveal/plus/DX, Medtronic Inc.) from 2001 to 2010 were included. The diagnostic ECG was classified according to the ISSUE classification. We analyzed 157 patients (87 males, 69 ± 14 years): 70 of these were followed up for ≥18 months. The estimated cumulative diagnostic rates were 30%, 43%, 52%, and 80% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively; 26% of diagnoses were made after 18 months. The diagnostic yield was independent of structural heart disease, bundle branch block, number of syncopes, age, and gender; the median time to diagnosis of ISSUE type 1 patients was shorter than that of the others (4 [2;10] vs. 16 [6;23] months; P = 0.003). During the observation period, 3 patients (1.9%) died and none suffered arrhythmic death.
Conclusions:
Prolonging observation up to 4 years increased the diagnostic value of ILR in syncopal patients and was safe. A quarter of patients diagnosed needed more than 18 months of follow‐up. As consequence, when a strategy of prolonging monitoring is chosen, monitoring should be maintained even for several years until diagnosis is established. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 67‐71, January 2012)
Phase Relations in Si–C–N–O–R (R = La,Gd,Y) Systems
Authors: Wu Laner , Sun Wenzhou , Chen Yuhong , Lu Youjun , Jiang Yong , Huang Zhenkun 
Published: July 2011

The present work determined the phase relations in the Si–C–N–O–R systems, involving SiC–Si3N4–R2O3, Si3N4–SiO2–R2O3, and SiC–Si3N4–SiO2–R2O3 (R = La,Gd,Y) systems by XRD phase analyses of the solid‐state reacted samples from powder mixtures of SiC, Si3N4, and R2O3. Subsolidus phase diagrams of these systems were presented and summarized. Within these systems in‐situ SiO2 impurity in the powder mixtures often cause the formation of some oxygen‐richer rare‐earth siliconoxynitrides, J‐, K‐, H‐phases and extends the ternary systems SiC–Si3N4–R2O3 into the quaternary systems SiC–Si3N4–SiO2–R2O3 (Si–C–N–O–R). In these systems, the reaction of partial SiC participation and the formation mechanism of rare‐earth siliconoxynitrides are discussed.
Effect of Various Additives on Luminescence Properties of Mn2+‐Doped Ga2O3–ZnO Powders
Authors: Wada Noriyuki , Okuno Teruhisa , Nishimura Yusuke , Kojima Kazuo 
Published: July 2011

The (100‐x)Ga2O3–xZnO–0.1MnO and 51Ga2O3–49ZnO–1MmOn–0.1MnO powders (MmOn: additives, Li2O, Na2O, K2O, MgO, CaO, ZnO, SrO, BaO, B2O3, Al2O3, Ga2O3, Y2O3, La2O3, In2O3, SiO2, TiO2, GeO2, P2O5, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, MoO3, and WO3) were prepared by a solid‐state reaction at 1000°C for 5 h in the air. In (100‐x)Ga2O3–xZnO–0.1MnO powders, a green luminescence band due to the 4T1(4G)→6A1(6S) transition of Mn2+ ions appeared at 505 nm under excitation at 245 nm. It has the maximum intensity in the chemical composition (x = 48.5) with the largest number of distorted and octahedrally coordinated Ga3+ ions with an oxygen vacancy (distorted GaO57− groups). It was found that the Mn2+ green luminescence occurred mainly because of the excitation of the distorted GaO57− groups and the energy transfer from distorted GaO57− groups to Mn2+ ions. In 51Ga2O3–49ZnO–1MmOn–0.1MnO powders, the lower the basicity of MmOn, the stronger was the integrated intensity of the Mn2+ green luminescence. It was revealed that the MmOn with lower basicity had the ability to form the distorted GaO57− groups. The integrated intensity of the Mn2+ green luminescence was most enhanced by the addition of B2O3 with low basicity.
Crystal Structures and Optical Properties of Transparent Ceramics Based on LaAlO3–Sr(Al,Ta)O3 Solid Solution
Authors: Kintaka Yuji , Kuretake Satoshi , Hayashi Takeshi , Tanaka Nobuhiko , Ando Akira , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2011

We fabricated a new series of transparent ceramics based on (1–x)LaAlO3–xSr(Al0.5Ta0.5)O3 solid solution. These transparent ceramics were obtained by a conventional solid‐state reaction, and the crystal structure and its optical properties were investigated. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the ceramics revealed a cubic perovskite structure with a higher Sr(Al0.5Ta0.5)O3 content (Pm‐3m for x = 0.4–0.6 and Fm‐3m for x = 0.7–1.0), whereas the ceramics contained rhombohedral perovskite phase at x = 0.0–0.3. However, the Raman scattering study revealed that an Fm‐3m ordered structure was contained above x = 0.2. High transmittance was obtained at the cubic composition (x = 0.4–1.0), and was particularly high at x = 0.5–0.7. It was demonstrated that these transparent ceramics had both a high refractive index and a high Abbe number (low dispersion). The Abbe number of the x = 0.5 composition, 37.8, was higher than that of Ba(Mg,Ta)O3 system transparent ceramics (~30).
Synthesis of Co‐Doped ZnO Nanofibers and Their Magnetic Properties
Authors: Li Heping , Qin Xiaolu , Zhang Wei , Pan Wei 
Published: July 2011

Electrospinning, a general synthetic method, has been adopted to fabricate and assemble room‐temperature ferromagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductor nanofibers. Employing electrospinning technique followed by calcination and annealing process, we have successfully prepared uniform Co‐doped ZnO nanofibers with concentrations of Co between 0 and 15.0 at.%. And the solubility limit of Co dopant in ZnO nanofibers has been determined. The Zn1−xCoxO nanofibers annealed in hydrogen atmosphere exhibit ferromagnetism at 300 K, deviating from paramagnetism in the ones that were without annealing. Hence, the ferromagnetism in these fibers depends on not only Co addition but also the annealing process. Moreover, both coercive field and saturation magnetization increase along with the Co content. The ultimate coercive field and saturation magnetization are 610 Oe and 0.336 μB/Co of Zn0.85Co0.15O nanofibers, respectively. Origin of the observed enhanced room‐temperature ferromagnetism in Zn1−xCoxO nanofibers is analyzed according to the detailed micro‐structural characterization.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoplates by Two‐Step Route
Authors: Zhao Zhengyan , Yang Zhigang , Wen Yan , Wang Yuhua 
Published: July 2011

Large quantities of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanoplates with hexagonal morphologies have been successfully synthesized by a simple two‐step route without using any template or catalyst, including combustion synthesis and then annealing processes. The phase content, morphology, and optical properties of the products have been characterized. It reveals that the obtained products are pure and of high crystallinity. The UV–vis absorption spectrum indicates that the h‐BN nanoplates have an optical band gap of ~6.07 eV. Strong violet–blue photoluminescence (PL) emission with a broad band ranging from 400 nm to 475 nm has been observed, indicating that the nanoplates as‐grown by this simple route are promising for application in nanosize optical devices (LEDs, blue‐light source, UV detector, etc.). The phonon lines features are obviously found in the PL spectra, the phonon frequency involved in these transitions is consistent with the B–N E2g vibrational mode, which has been measured by the Raman spectroscopy.
Overexpression of the human ZNF300 gene enhances growth and metastasis of cancer cells through activating NF‐kB pathway
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Xian‐guo , Xu Jun‐hua , Wu Xiang‐Peng , Qiu Hong‐ling , Yi Hong , Li Wen‐Xin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractZinc finger proteins (ZNF) play important roles in various physiological processes. Here we report that ZNF300, a novel zinc finger protein, identified specifically in humans, promotes tumour development by modulating the NF‐κB pathway. Inflammatory factors were found to induce ZNF300 expression in HeLa cell line, and ZNF300 expression further enhanced NF‐κB signalling by activating TRAF2 and physically interacting with IKKβ. Furthermore, ZNF300 overexpression increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the expression of c‐myc, IL‐6, and IL‐8 but decreased the expression of p21waf‐1 and p27Kip1; whose down‐regulation led to the opposite effect. Most importantly, ZNF300 overexpression stimulated cancer cell proliferation in vitro and significantly enhanced tumour development and metastasis in mouse xenograft model, while knocking down ZNF300 led to the opposite effects. We have identified a novel function for ZNF300 in tumour development that may uniquely link inflammation and NF‐κB to tumourigenesis in humans but not in mice.
Components of tree resilience: effects of successive low‐growth episodes in old ponderosa pine forests
Authors: Lloret Francisco , Keeling Eric G. , Sala Anna 
Published: July 2011

Recent world‐wide episodes of tree dieback have been attributed to increasing temperatures and associated drought. Because these events are likely to become more common, improved knowledge of their cumulative effects on resilience and the ability to recover pre‐disturbance conditions is important for forest management. Here we propose several indices to examine components of individual tree resilience based on tree ring growth: resistance (inverse of growth reduction during the episode), recovery (growth increase relative to the minimum growth during the episode), resilience (capacity to reach pre‐episode growth levels) and relative resilience (resilience weighted by the damage incurred during the episode).Based on tree ring analyses, we analyzed historical patterns of tree resilience to successive drought‐induced low growth periods in ponderosa pine trees growing in unmanaged, remote forests of the Rocky Mountains. Low‐growth periods registered in tree rings were related to anomalies in the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and were attributed to drought.Independently of the impact of a specific event, subsequent growth after a single low‐growth episode was related to the growth prior to the event. Growth performance differed with tree age: young trees were overall more resistant to low‐growth periods, but older trees recovered better from more recent events. Regardless of tree age, recently burned sites exhibited lower post‐episode growth and lower resistance and resilience than unburned ones. We found mixed evidence for the cumulative effect of past low‐growth episodes: overall, greater impacts of a prior event and greater cumulative effects of past low‐growth periods caused a decrease in resistance. However, we did not find a progressive decrease in resilience over time in old trees.Our results highlight the value of using a combination of estimators to evaluate the different components of resilience. Specifically, while tree responses to disturbance depend on past disturbance episodes, the response is context‐specific and depends on the impact the capacity to recover after disturbance. This suggests that recent increases in forest mortality under current climate trends could relate to thresholds on specific components of resilience (resistance, recovery, resilience itself) rather than to an overall loss of resilience over time. Identifying such thresholds and their underlying mechanisms is a promising area of research with important implications for forest management.
Why Iranian adolescents do not brush their teeth: a qualitative study
Authors: Pakpour AH , Hidarnia A , Hajizadeh E , Kumar S , Fridlund B 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 10, 2012; 86–90  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2011.00513.xPakpour AH, Hidarnia A, Hajizadeh E, Kumar S, Fridlund B. Why Iranian adolescents do not brush their teeth: a qualitative study.Abstract:Objectives:  To explore and describe attitudes towards tooth‐brushing among Iranian adolescents.Methods:  A series of focus‐group sessions were held with 37 Iranian adolescents in schools. The groups comprised five to eight adolescents. All focus‐group discussions were tape‐recorded and then transcribed verbatim. All transcripts, codes and categories were read several times to extract a theme. Data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis approach.Results:  Four major categories emerged from the analysis: brushing teeth is a necessary evil, parental influence on not brushing teeth, brushing teeth is insignificant, and brushing teeth is a health hazard. The theme identified in the latent content described that tooth‐brushing is not part of the adolescents’ activities of daily living.Conclusions:  Health educators should stress on the engagement of parents, awareness of the adolescents on brushing techniques and causes of toothache, and address any misconceptions regarding tooth‐brushing.
Effect of the N‐terminal sequence on the binding affinity of transthyretin for human retinol‐binding protein
Authors: Leelawatwattana Ladda , Praphanphoj Verayuth , Prapunpoj Porntip 
Published: July 2011

During vertebrate evolution, the N‐terminal region of transthyretin (TTR) subunit has undergone a change in both length and hydropathy. This was previously shown to change the binding affinity for thyroid hormones (THs). However, it was not known whether this change affects other functions of TTR. In the present study, the effect of these changes on the binding of TTR to retinol‐binding protein (RBP) was determined. Two wild‐type TTRs from human and Crocodylus porosus, and three chimeric TTRs, including a human chimeric TTR in which its N‐terminal sequence was changed to that of C. porosus TTR (croc/huTTR) and two C. porosus chimeric TTRs (hu/crocTTR in which its N‐terminal sequence was changed to that of human TTR and xeno/crocTTR in which its N‐terminal sequence was changed to that of Xenopus laevis TTR), were analyzed for their binding to human RBP by native‐PAGE followed by immunoblotting and a chemilluminescence assay. The Kd of human TTR was 30.41 ± 2.03 μm, and was similar to that reported for the second binding site, whereas that of crocodile TTR was 2.19 ± 0.24 μm. The binding affinities increased in croc/huTTR (Kd = 23.57 ± 3.54 μm) and xeno/crocTTR (Kd = 0.61 ± 0.16 μm) in which their N‐termini were longer and more hydrophobic, but decreased in hu/crocTTR (Kd = 5.03 ± 0.68 μm) in which its N‐terminal region was shorter and less hydrophobic. These results suggest an influence of the N‐terminal primary structure of TTR on its function as a co‐carrier for retinol with RBP.Structured digital abstract
RBP and TTR bind by blue native page (View interaction)
RBP
and TTR bind by blue native page (View interaction)
RBP
binds to TTR by surface plasmon resonance (View interaction)
TTR
binds to TTR by blue native page (View interaction)
TTR
binds to TTR by blue native page (View interaction)
Calcium‐regulated conformational change in the C‐terminal end segment of troponin I and its binding to tropomyosin
Authors: Zhang Zhiling , Akhter Shirin , Mottl Steven , Jin Jian‐Ping 
Published: July 2011

The troponin complex plays an essential role in the thin filament regulation of striated muscle contraction. Of the three subunits of troponin, troponin I (TnI) is the actomyosin ATPase inhibitory subunit and its effect is released upon Ca2+ binding to troponin C. The exon‐8‐encoded C‐terminal end segment represented by the last 24 amino acids of cardiac TnI is highly conserved and is critical to the inhibitory function of troponin. Here, we investigated the function and calcium regulation of the C‐terminal end segment of TnI. A TnI model molecule was labeled with Alexa Fluor 532 at a Cys engineered at the C‐terminal end and used to reconstitute the tertiary troponin complex. A Ca2+‐regulated conformational change in the C‐terminus of TnI was shown by a sigmoid‐shape fluorescence intensity titration curve similar to that of the CD calcium titration curve of troponin C. Such corresponding Ca2+ responses are consistent with the function of troponin as a coordinated molecular switch. Reconstituted troponin complex containing a mini‐troponin T lacking its two tropomyosin‐binding sites showed a saturable binding to tropomyosin at pCa 9 but not at pCa 4. This Ca2+‐regulated binding was diminished when the C‐terminal 19 amino acids of cardiac TnI were removed. These results provided novel evidence for suggesting that the C‐terminal end segment of TnI participates in the Ca2+ regulation of muscle thin filament through interaction with tropomyosin.Structured digital abstract
McTnT binds to Tropomyosin by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (View interaction)
McTnI binds to TnC by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (View interaction)
Tropomyosin physically interacts with McTnT and McTnI by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (View interaction)
McTnI binds to TnT by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (View interaction)
Older Adult Who Falls: A Case Study
Authors: McLean Patricia A. 
Published: July 2011

PURPOSE.  The purpose of this case study is to illustrate the nursing process by incorporating the standardized nursing languages of NANDA International, the Nursing Interventions Classification, and the Nursing Outcomes Classification to assist an older adult with a history of falls.DATA SOURCES.  The data sources were the author's clinical nursing practice and research‐based evidence related to falls of older adults.DATA SYNTHESIS.  The data were synthesized by using clinical reasoning to select the best possible nursing diagnoses, interventions, and patient outcomes.CONCLUSIONS.  To provide a framework for nurses to achieve positive patient outcomes, standardized nursing languages should be incorporated into patients' clinical nursing databases.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING.  In determining factors that relate to falls, nurses need to obtain baseline data, set goals with patients, and identify milestones, while encouraging patients to be active participants in plans of care.
How neutral is the intergalactic medium surrounding the redshift z = 7.085 quasar ULAS J1120+0641?
Authors: Bolton J. S. , Haehnelt M. G. , Warren S. J. , Hewett P. C. , Mortlock D. J. , Venemans B. P. , McMahon R. G. , Simpson C. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The quasar ULAS J1120+0641 at redshift z = 7.085 has a highly ionized near zone which is smaller than those around quasars of similar luminosity at z ≃ 6. The spectrum also exhibits evidence for a damping wing extending redward of the systemic Lyα redshift. We use radiative transfer simulations in a cosmological context to investigate the implications for the ionization state of the inhomogeneous intergalactic medium (IGM) surrounding this quasar. Our simulations show that the transmission profile is consistent with an IGM in the vicinity of the quasar with a volume averaged H i fraction of and that ULAS J1120+0641 has been bright for 106–107 yr. The observed spectrum is also consistent with smaller IGM neutral fractions, , if a damped Lyα system in an otherwise highly ionized IGM lies within 5 proper Mpc of the quasar. This is, however, predicted to occur in only ∼5 per cent of our simulated sightlines for a bright phase of 106–107 yr. Unless ULAS J1120+0641 grows during a previous optically obscured phase, the low age inferred for the quasar adds to the theoretical challenge of forming a 2 × 109 M⊙ black hole at this high redshift.
New exact solutions of magnetic ellipsoidal figures of equilibrium
Authors: Kawamura Takumu , Taniguchi Keisuke , Yoshida Shin’ichirou , Eriguchi Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In this Letter we report brand new analytic stationary solutions of constant density stars with magnetic field and self-gravity. These solutions include prolate configurations even for purely poloidal magnetic fields as well as oblate configurations. These new analytic solutions are expressed in very simple forms and can be considered as generalized configurations of uniformly rotating constant density spheroids, i.e. Maclaurin spheroids, and of constant density ellipsoids with constant vorticity, i.e. Dedekind ellipsoids. As the axisymmetric Maclaurin spheroids and the triaxial Dedekind ellipsoids have been widely used for the estimation of the effect of rotations and/or internal motions on the self-gravitating bodies, our new analytic solutions may be used widely to estimate the effect of the magnetic fields semi-quantitatively in various contexts hereafter.