bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fairness in service choice: an important yet underdeveloped path to universal coverage
Authors: Baltussen R. , Norheim O. F. , Johri M. 
Published: April 2011

Editorial: L’équité dans le choix de services: un chemin important mais sous‐développé vers la couverture universelleLes efforts pour aboutir à une couverture universelle des services de santé ont mis l’accent sur la façon d’atteindre une plus grande partie de la population et sur la protection contre les conséquences financières de la mauvaise santé, par le biais de prépaiement et de mise en commun des ressources. Mais, les facteurs liés à la couverture des services tels que: ‘quels services sont couverts’ et ‘pour quels services la couverture devraient être améliorée’, devraient également jouer un rôle essentiel.
Genetic diversity of the newly invasive weed Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) reveals consequences of its rapid range expansion in northern China
Authors: MA J W , GENG S L , WANG S B , ZHANG G L , FU W D , SHU B 
Published: April 2011

Ma JW, Geng SL, Wang SB, Zhang GL, Fu WD & Shu B (2011). Genetic diversity of the newly invasive weed Flaveria bidentis (Asteraceae) reveals consequences of its rapid range expansion in northern China. Weed Research51, 363–372.SummaryThe South American weed Flaveria bidentis has spread rapidly across northern China since its introduction to the Tianjin area in 2001. To explore its introduction dynamics and mechanism of rapid range expansion in northern China, we examined genetic diversity in 26 populations across the invaded range, using inter‐simple sequence repeat markers. We found relatively high intraspecies genetic diversity (He = 0.279; I = 0.415) and wide‐ranging genetic variation within populations (He = 0.095–0.263; I = 0.160–0.383), with relatively high genetic diversity in both older established populations and some newly established populations. Approximately 78% of genetic variation resides within populations, according to analysis of molecular variance. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustered populations into two groups, composed of most populations distributed along the G106 or G107 National Roads. Moreover, a Mantel test showed no significant correlation between geographical and genetic distances. The findings indicate that during F. bidentis invasion, sexual reproduction and multiple introductions have maintained high genetic diversity, while secondary introductions or admixtures of populations have mitigated losses of genetic variation caused by founder events and promoted local adaptation and colonisation. In addition, human‐mediated long‐distance seed dispersal, via National Roads, may have contributed to its weak geographical genetic structure and rapid range expansion in northern China. To prevent further introductions, imports should be monitored at Tianjin (the likely first arrival point). To control established populations, efforts should focus on populations with high genetic diversity, populations along the G106 and G107 National Roads and regions that are climatically similar to its native range.
Fabry disease in children and response to enzyme replacement therapy: results from the Fabry Outcome Survey
Authors: Ramaswami U , Parini R , Pintos‐Morell G , Kalkum G , Kampmann C , Beck M ,   on behalf of the FOS Investigators
Published: April 2011

Ramaswami U, Parini R, Pintos‐Morell G, Kalkum G, Kampmann C, Beck M, on behalf of the FOS Investigators. Fabry disease in children and response to enzyme replacement therapy: results from the Fabry Outcome Survey.The Fabry Outcome Survey (FOS) was established to extend the knowledge of the natural history of Fabry disease and to assess the effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with agalsidase alfa. As of March 2009, 64 boys and 34 girls with Fabry disease had enrolled in the FOS and been treated with agalsidase alfa for at least 6 months. The prevalence of symptoms tended to be reduced after 12 and 24 months of ERT in patients who experienced symptoms at baseline. In the entire population, non‐significant decreases in the prevalence of gastrointestinal problems in boys and pain crises in girls were observed after 12–24 months. Kidney function and left ventricular mass indexed to height remained stable. Fifty‐eight treatment‐related adverse events were reported in 23 patients (21 boys and 2 girls), including 55 infusion reactions. Anti‐agalsidase alfa IgG antibodies were found in two boys. No IgE antibodies were reported. This study represents the largest observational study of paediatric Fabry disease patients treated with ERT and indicates continued safety of long‐term ERT in children. Continued long‐term follow‐up is recommended to determine early initiation of ERT, which could potentially slow or prevent the progression of serious morbidities of Fabry disease.
Nutritional status of vegetarians on maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: WU TAI‐TE , CHANG CHIEH‐YING , HSU WEI‐MIN , WANG I‐KWAN , HSU CHIH‐HAO , CHENG SHU‐HWA , LIANG CHIH‐CHIA , CHANG CHIZ‐TZUNG , HUANG CHIU‐CHING 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Vegetarian diets have long been thought of as beneficial to health. However, vegetarian diets are often low in protein, which is contradictory to the high protein diet guideline for uraemia patients. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of a vegetarian diet on the nutritional status of haemodialysis (HD) patients.Methods:  Patients on chronic HD for over 6 months were included in the study. The normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) was used to reflect daily protein intake. Biochemical markers of nutrition, anthropometric parameters, subjective global assessment (SGA) and functional activity of daily living were assessed to evaluate the nutritional status of vegetarians on chronic HD.Results:  Nineteen out of 318 HD patients were vegetarians. The nPCR was lower in the vegetarian group (1.20 ± 0.24 vs 1.10 ± 0.29 g/kg per day, non‐Veg vs Veg, P < 0.05). The serum albumin and prealbumin were similar in vegetarian and non‐vegetarian HD patients. The body mass index (BMI) and mid‐arm muscular circumference (MAMC) were lower in vegetarian patients (P < 0.05). The haematocrit of vegetarians can be maintained at a level similar to that of non‐vegetarian patients but erythropoietin doses needed were higher in vegetarian patients (P < 0.05). The muscle strength evaluated by the hand‐grip test, SGA and activities of daily living were similar in vegetarians and non‐vegetarians.Conclusion:  The present study revealed that HD patients on vegetarian diets might have a smaller BMI, but SGA and function of daily activities were similar to those of the non‐vegetarians. The haematocrit of vegetarians can be maintained with a higher erythropoietin dose.
Single‐incision sling system as primary treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: prospective 12 months data from a single institution
Authors: Oliveira Rui , Botelho Francisco , Silva Pedro , Resende Alexandre , Silva Carlos , Dinis Paulo , Cruz Francisco 
Published: April 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Single‐incision slings (SIS), requiring very limited intracorporeal dissection, have been recently introduced on the premise that they might increase safety of female stress urinary incontinence treatment. However, their success rate has been insufficiently evaluated.This is a large prospective series on Mini‐Arc SIS, with data on 105 patients available at a mean follow‐up of 12 months. Success rates are comparable while morbidity was lower and milder than that associated retropubic or transobturator slings. This study warrants a large‐scale randomized comparative study between Mini‐Arc and standard mid‐urethral tapes, matured at longer follow‐up time.OBJECTIVE• To investigate the success and complication rates for Mini‐ArcTM single incision sling in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MATERIALS AND METHODS• A total of 119 female patients with pure SUI were enrolled in a prospective study. From these, 105 were available with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months and a mean follow‐up of 12 months.• Success, as determined by patient‐ reported outcomes, and complication rates, as well as impact of learning curve, body mass index (BMI), intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), incontinence severity and age were investigated.RESULTS• Cure rate was 80% and improvement rate was 11%. Pain intensity was minimal on a visual analogue scale and transient urinary retention occurred in three patients, one requiring sling section.• De novo urgency was reported by 6% of women. Severe incontinence was less likely to be cured: 70% if >5 pads per day (ppd); 94% if <2 ppd; 94% if 2–4 ppd, P  <  0.05).• There was no difference in success rates between the first 50 and the last 50 patients. BMI, ISD and age also did not influence success rate.CONCLUSION• Mini‐ArcTM attained high success rates at 1 year follow‐up. The procedure was easy to learn and was associated with very low and mild morbidity. Severe incontinence was identified as a risk factor for failure.
The genuine etymological story of phon(e)y1
Authors: Cohen Paul S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe etymological source and history of English phon(e)y‘fake, sham, counterfeit’ have been the subject of speculation and disagreement for over 100 years, and are still problematic. In the present paper, I outline the treatment of phon(e)y in the three editions of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) as well as in more specialised dictionaries, and in the relevant scholarly and popular literature; where appropriate, I make a careful examination of cited documents in the original. I go on to make a critical analysis of all these, adduce new evidence, and advance a coherent theory to account for the data, including heretofore unexplained phonological aspects.
Pronominal affixes, the best of both worlds: the case of Yurakaré1
Authors: Van Gijn Rik 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPronominal affixes in polysynthetic languages have an ambiguous status in the sense that they have characteristics normally associated with free pronouns as well as characteristics associated with agreement markers. This situation arises because pronominal affixes represent intermediate stages in a diachronic development from independent pronouns to agreement markers. Because this diachronic change is not abrupt, pronominal affixes can show different characteristics from language to language. By presenting an in‐depth discussion of the pronominal affixes of Yurakaré, an unclassified language from Bolivia, I argue that these so‐called intermediate stages as typically attested in polysynthetic languages actually represent economical systems that combine advantages of agreement markers and of free pronouns. In terms of diachronic development, such ‘intermediate’ systems, being functionally well‐adapted, appear to be rather stable, and it can even be reinforced by subsequent diachronic developments.
Oro‐buccal symptoms (dysphagia, dysarthria, and sialorrhea) in patients with Parkinson’s disease: preliminary analysis from the French COPARK cohort
Authors: Perez‐Lloret S. , Nègre‐Pagès L. , Ojero‐Senard A. , Damier P. , Destée A. , Tison F. , Merello M. , Rascol O. ,   for the COPARK Study Group
Published: April 2011

Introduction:  Abnormal oro‐buccal functions including dysarthria, sialorrhea and dysphagia commonly affect patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Objectives:  To estimate the prevalence of such oro‐buccal symptoms at baseline in the first 419 patients with PD included in the COPARK cohort and to analyze their correlations with patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics, and drugs consumption.Methods:  Patients were assessed using the Unified PD Rating Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the PDQ‐39. Dysarthria, sialorrhea, and dysphagia were defined as UPDRS items 5, 6, or 7 ≥ 1.Results:  Dysarthria, sialorrhea, or dysphagia were present in 51%, 37%, or 18% out of the 419 patients, respectively. At least one of these symptom was present in 267/419 patients (65%), whilst a combination of symptoms was present in 136/419 (33%). Logistic regression showed that the presence of each of the three oro‐buccal symptoms was significantly correlated with that of the two others. Other correlations included male gender, hallucinations, disease severity, levodopa use and lack of opiates consumption for dysarthria; disease severity, orthostatic hypotension and absence of antidepressants consumption for sialorrhea; female gender, motor fluctuations, and depressive symptoms for dysphagia. None of the three oro‐buccal symptoms were associated with a reduced PDQ‐39 score.Conclusion:  Oro‐buccal symptoms were present in two of three patients with moderate PD, the presence of each symptoms being significantly correlated with that of the two others.
Acute exercise improves endothelial function despite increasing vascular resistance during stress in smokers and nonsmokers
Authors: Rooks Cherie R. , McCully Kevin K. , Dishman Rod K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe present study examined the effect of acute exercise on flow mediated dilation (FMD) and reactivity to neurovascular challenges among female smokers and nonsmokers. FMD was determined by arterial diameter, velocity, and blood flow measured by Doppler ultrasonography after forearm occlusion. Those measures and blood pressure and heart rate were also assessed in response to forehead cold and the Stroop Color‐Word Conflict Test (CWT) before and after 30 min of rest or an acute bout of cycling exercise (∼50% VO2peak). Baseline FMD and stress responses were not different between smokers and nonsmokers. Compared to passive rest, exercise increased FMD and decreased arterial velocity and blood flow responses during the Stroop CWT and forehead cold in both groups. Overall, acute exercise improved endothelial function among smokers and nonsmokers despite increasing vascular resistance and reducing limb blood flow during neurovascular stress.
Age‐related differences in corticospinal excitability during a Go/NoGo task
Authors: Fujiyama Hakuei , Tandonnet Christophe , Summers Jeffery J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAge‐related slowing of reaction times (RTs) is well documented but whether the phenomenon reflects deficits in movement preparation and/or response generation processes is unclear. To gain further insight into this issue, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to investigate motor cortex (M1) excitability and short‐interval intracortical inhibitory (SICI) processes during a Go/NoGo RT task in younger and older adults. Single‐ and paired‐pulse TMS was delivered over the left M1 during preparation and response generation periods in a right‐hand muscle. Younger adults had shorter RTs and a larger increase in corticospinal excitability at response generation period than older adults. SICI modulation for both groups showed a large reduction in inhibition immediately prior to EMG onset. These findings indicate age‐related differences in corticospinal excitability during the response generation stage of sensorimotor information processing.
Behavioral and ERP indices of response conflict in Stroop and flanker tasks
Authors: Tillman Carin M. , Wiens Stefan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe investigated effects of different proportions of incongruent trials on behavioral and event‐related potential (ERP) interference measures associated with response conflict in the Stroop and flanker task. From the literature, we hypothesized that response conflict is greater when incongruent trials are rare compared to when incongruent trials are frequent. In support, the behavioral results on both tasks and the ERP results on the Stroop task (N450) showed that interference effects were significantly larger when incongruent trials were rare than frequent. In contrast, the ERP results on the flanker task N200 showed a larger interference effect when incongruent trials were frequent than rare. Because results for the flanker N200 were opposite to behavioral effects and theoretical predictions, our findings challenge the notion of the flanker N200 as a valid index of response conflict.
Pharmacological properties of the rhesus macaque monkey P2X7 receptor
Authors: Bradley Helen J , Browne Liam E , Yang Wei , Jiang Lin‐Hua 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The human P2X7 (hP2X7) receptor exhibits striking pharmacological differences from its rodent counterparts, particularly in terms of its antagonist profile. Here, we characterized the functional and pharmacological properties of the rhesus macaque monkey P2X7 (rmP2X7) receptor in comparison with the hP2X7 receptor.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The rmP2X7 and hP2X7 receptors were heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells. The receptor surface and total expression levels were examined by biotin‐labelling and Western blotting. The functional and pharmacological properties were characterized using patch‐clamp recording and single‐cell imaging.KEY RESULTS The rmP2X7 receptor showed strong cell surface expression. Both ATP and 2′(3′)‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (BzATP) were full agonists in activating the rmP2X7 receptor; the EC50 values were 802 µM for ATP and 58 µM for BzATP, respectively, in extracellular low divalent cation solution. Prolonged activation of the rmP2X7 receptors induced detectable but low level YO‐PRO‐1 uptake. KN‐62, AZ11645373 and A‐438079, three hP2X7 selective antagonists, all potently inhibited the rmP2X7 receptor‐mediated currents; the IC50 values were 86, 23 and 297 nM respectively.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The rmP2X7 receptor exhibits similar pharmacological properties to the hP2X7 receptor. The rhesus macaque monkey thus may represent a valuable model species in elucidating the mechanisms and pharmacological interventions of hP2X7 receptor‐related diseases.
Pulsatile Culture of a Poly(DL‐Lactic‐Co‐Glycolic Acid) Sandwiched Cell/Hydrogel Construct Fabricated Using a Step‐by‐Step Mold/Extraction Method
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Sui Shaochun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTo overcome the weak mechanical properties of cell/hydrogel composites, a poly(DL‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) sandwiched adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSC)/fibrin construct was fabricated using a step‐by‐step mold/extraction method to generate the middle smooth muscle layer of natural blood vessels. A pulse bioreactor with an adjustable 0–0.2 MPa pressure, 0–7% pulse amplitude, and 0–80 times/min pulse frequency was developed to mimic the liquid movement in the natural blood vessels. This new type of pulse bioreactor is sterilizable and dismantles easily. A comparative study was conducted with static and dynamic in vitro cultures. Exogenous growth factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor, platelet‐derived growth factor BB, transforming growth factor β1, and basic fibroblast growth factor were used as additives in the culture medium for inducing the ADSCs into smooth muscle cells. The dynamic training, integrated with the growth factor, induced the transformation of ADSCs into smooth muscle‐like cells with regular arrangement. This strategy shows promise of being widely used in tissue engineering and complex organ manufacturing.
Temperature Effect on the Shear‐Induced Cell Damage in Biofabrication
Authors: Li Ming G. , Tian Xiao Y. , Chen Xiongbiao 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBiofabrication that incorporates living cells to manufacture various bioproducts is often carried out at different temperatures as the process demands. In the process, cells are subjected to mechanical forces, which may damage cells if the forces reach a certain level. Previous studies have shown that the cell damage is mainly caused by shear stress; however, none of them looked at the temperature effect on cell damage. In the present work, the influence of temperature on shear‐induced cell damage was investigated experimentally by using a cone‐and‐plate rheometer, and based on the experimental results, a cell damage law was established to quantitatively describe the relationship between the cell damage percent and temperature. The so‐established cell damage law was then applied to the modeling of the cell damage percent that occurs in the biofabrication process in which pressurized air was applied to dispense Schwann cells suspended in the alginate solution at different temperatures. The agreement between the model predictions and the experimental results suggests that the method presented in this article is effective for use in the investigation of the temperature effect, thereby providing a cue to preserve cell viability in the biofabrication processes.
Headaches Secondary to Psychiatric Disorders (HSPD): A Retrospective Study of 87 Patients
Authors: Radat Françoise , Milowska Dorota , Valade Dominique 
Published: April 2011

(Headache 2011;51:789‐795)Objective.— We describe a sample of patients receiving a diagnosis of headache attributed to psychiatric disorder (HSPD).Background.— The international literature to date provides only a few case reports of patients presenting with HSPD.Method.— A retrospective study of the medical records of all patients having received HSPD when consulting at a headache emergency center during 2009.Results.— Out of a total of 8479 patients seen during one year, 25 men and 62 women received an HSPD diagnosis (1.02%), mean age 40.3 ± 14 years. The psychiatric disorders concerned were: depressive disorder (n = 37), generalized anxiety (n = 25), panic disorder (n = 5), psychotic disorder (n = 5) undifferentiated somatoform disorder (n = 4), somatization disorder (n = 1), and posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 1). Data were missing for 10 patients. Whether the headache had occurred only during the evolution of a psychiatric disorder was not recorded for any of the patients. Headache description was tension type (n = 45), atypical (n = 23), and migraine (n = 19). Half of the sample were chronic daily headaches (n = 44), but only 14.8% (n = 13) presented with medication overuse. One‐fourth of the patients suffered from pain in other parts of the body (n = 21), 40% had already had complementary investigations and consultations for their headache.Conclusion.— This study shows that in practice HSPD diagnosis is rarely used. When used, International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition criteria are not strictly applied. The criterion “headache occurring only during the evolution of the psychiatric disorder” is not checked. Not only are atypical headaches considered but, in the majority of cases, HSPD diagnosis is given with tension‐type or migraine‐type headache. Even though psychotic disorder and somatization disorder are the only psychiatric disorders accepted for HSPD in the classification itself (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition code 12), in clinical practice they are not frequently involved whereas depression and generalized anxiety are. It may call for the removal of those appendix diagnoses in the classification itself.