bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of Ag in Co9S8‐Ni3S2 for Predominantly Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activities for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Tadesse Tsega Tsegaye , Zhang Yuchi , Zai Jiantao , Lai Chin Wei , Qian Xuefeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrodeposition of abundant metals to fabricate efficient and durable electrodes indicate a viable role in advancing renewable electrochemical energy tools. Herein, we deposit Co9S8‐Ag‐Ni3S2@NF on nickel foam (NF) to produce Co9S8‐Ag‐Ni3S2@NF as a exceedingly proficient electrode for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The electrochemical investigation verifies that the Co9S8‐Ag‐Ni3S2@NF electrode reveals better electrocatalytic activity to OER because of its nanoflowers′ open‐pore morphology, reduced overpotential (η10=125 mV), smaller charge transfer resistance, long‐term stability, and a synergistic effect between various components, which allows the reactants to be more easily absorbed and subsequently converted into gaseous products during the water electrolysis route. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation as well reveals the introduction of Ag (222) surface into the Co9S8 (440)‐Ni3S2 (120) structure increases the electronic density of states (DOS) per unit cell of a system and increases the electrocatalytic activity of OER by considerably lowering the energy barriers of its intermediates. This study provides the innovation of employing trimetallic nanomaterials immobilized on a conductive, continuous porous three‐dimensional network formed on a nickel foam (NF) substrate as a highly proficient catalyst for OER.
DNA‐PKcs/AKT1 inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition during radiation‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by inducing ubiquitination and degradation of Twist1
Authors: Yan Ziyan , Zhu Jiaojiao , Liu Yuhao , Li Zhongqiu , Liang Xinxin , Zhou Shenghui , Hou Yifan , Chen Huixi , Zhou Lin , Wang Ping , Ao Xingkun , Gao Shanshan , Huang Xin , Zhou Ping‐Kun , Gu Yongqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionRadiation‐induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible lung interstitial disease that develops after radiotherapy. Although several previous studies have focused on the mechanism of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung epithelial cells, the essential factors involved in this process remain poorly understood. The DNA‐dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA‐PKcs) exhibits strong repair capacity when cells undergo radiation‐induced damage; whether DNA‐PKcs regulates EMT during RIPF remains unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the role and molecular mechanism of DNA‐PKcs in RIPF and provide an important theoretical basis for utilising DNA‐PKcs‐targeted drugs for preventing RIPF.MethodsDNA‐PKcs knockout (DPK−/−) mice were generated via the Cas9/sgRNA technique and subjected to whole chest ionizing radiation (IR) at a 20 Gy dose. Before whole chest IR, the mice were intragastrically administered the DNA‐PKcs‐targeted drug VND3207. Lung tissues were collected at 1 and 5 months after IR.ResultsThe expression of DNA‐PKcs is low in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) patients. DNA‐PKcs deficiency significantly exacerbated RIPF by promoting EMT in lung epithelial cells. Mechanistically, DNA‐PKcs deletion by shRNA or inhibitor NU7441 maintained the protein stability of Twist1. Furthermore, AKT1 mediated the interaction between DNA‐PKcs and Twist1. High Twist1 expression and EMT‐associated changes caused by DNA‐PKcs deletion were blocked by insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), an AKT1 agonist. The radioprotective drug VND3207 prevented IR‐induced EMT and alleviated RIPF in mice by stimulating the kinase activity of DNA‐PKcs.ConclusionOur study clarified the critical role and mechanism of DNA‐PKcs in RIPF and showed that it could be a potential target for preventing RIPF.
Education and diversity in cytopathology: Past, present, and future
Authors: Fitzhugh Valerie A. , Reynolds Jordan P. , Flanagan Melina , Balassanian Ronald 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiversity, equity, and inclusion is a powerful goal which many of us strive toward in medicine, both in patient care and administrative leadership. As the world evolves, the practice of medicine must evolve with it. We are cognizant of the importance of the history of our medical specialties. If we do not acknowledge all parts of our history, we are doomed to repeat it. This special issue is unique and unlike anything that has previously been published in Diagnostic Cytopathology. This issue looks at some of the history of cytopathology. This historical review is followed by some of the present state of cytopathology. There are insights into global cytopathology. The final portion of this issue examines the critical need for cytotechnology schools in the United States. All of these areas are critical to the past, present, and future of cytopathology.
Analysis of partial load loss of the PCS and internal storage battery loss in residential PV power generation and storage battery systems
Authors: Yamada Manaka , Nishio Ken‐Ichiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to quantify the amount of loss due to partial load of power conditioning system (PCS) and internal loss of storage battery in residential photovoltaic (PV) power generation and storage battery system by using home energy management system (HEMS) data. After identifying the configuration of the PV power generation and storage battery system, HEMS data on PV power generation, household demand, storage battery charging, storage battery discharging, purchased power and sold power were extracted and analyzed according to the research purpose. As a result, the loss due to partial load of the PCS and the average internal loss of the storage battery were quantified. In addition, it was confirmed that a more realistic system simulation could be performed by considering the impact of the partial load of the PCS and the average internal loss of the storage battery.
Development of a Cobalt Catalyst from ZIF‐67 and Application in the Hydrogenation of N‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Yuan Xinya , Zhou Guangbin , Zhou Tianyi , Gao Pan , Zhang Xuehua , Zhang Guodong , Chen Feng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydrogenation of N‐heteroarenes to saturated N‐heterocycles is an important reaction in organic synthesis. Hydrogen is a green reducing reagent and has been widely applied in industrial production. The development of an appropriate catalyst to realize hydrogenation at low pressure and temperature is desired. In this study, we developed a cobalt‐based catalyst derived from ZIF‐67 that exhibits high activity for N‐heteroarene hydrogenation under 5–20 bar hydrogen, which is a relatively low pressure as compared to reported catalytic systems. This nano‐cobalt catalyst shows broad substrate scope and can be reused without obvious activity loss.
Impacts of pine oil and hydrogen induction with hemp oil methyl ester on dual fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion in diesel engine
Authors: Murugan Senthamil Selvan , Ramasamy Prakash , Rajkumar Sundararajan , Nallusamy Nallusamy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current research focuses on the impacts of pine oil injection and hydrogen induction separately with hemp oil methyl ester (HOME) in the single cylinder diesel engine in dual fuel‐reactivity controlled compression ignition (DF‐RCCI) combustion mode. The engine was tested under a DF‐RCCI mode for the different energy shares of 10% pine oil with HOME (10P‐HOME), 30% pine oil with HOME (30P‐HOME), 3‐lpm hydrogen with HOME (3‐lpmH2‐HOME), and 6‐lpm hydrogen with HOME (6‐lpmH2‐HOME) separately at 345 °CA bTDC of low reactivity fuel (pine oil and hydrogen) and 23°C bTDC injection timing of high reactivity fuel (HOME). The results showed a higher Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of 7.44%, 5.32%, 5.72%, and 2.46% for 6‐lpmH2‐HOME, 3‐lpmH2‐HOME, 30P‐HOME, and 10P‐HOME fuel shares, respectively, over the conventional diesel combustion (CDC) at full load. 30P‐HOME, 3‐lpmH2‐HOME, and 6‐lpmH2‐HOME fuel combinations recorded 4.08% 4.42%, and 5.69% lower brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), respectively, at full load. When comparing DF‐RCCI combustion to CDC, an increase in the heat release rate (HRR) of 2.89%–26.50% and a rise in peak cylinder pressure of 0.77%–12.99% were observed. The 30P‐HOME, 3‐lpmH2‐HOME, and 6‐lpmH2‐HOME emit less smoke in DF‐RCCI combustion mode by 13.06%, 4.84%, and 7.26%, respectively at full load condition. When using 30P‐HOME the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) decreased by 3.50% at full load condition. At part and full load conditions, the 30P‐HOME fuel share reduced oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emissions by 3.93% and 5.26%, respectively.
Debris‐flow entrainment modelling under climate change: Considering antecedent moisture conditions along the flow path
Authors: Könz Anna Lena , Hirschberg Jacob , McArdell Brian W. , Mirus Benjamin B. , de Haas Tjalling , Bartelt Perry , Molnar Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDebris‐flow volumes can increase along their flow path by entraining sediment stored in the channel bed and banks, thus also increasing hazard potential. Theoretical considerations, laboratory experiments and field investigations all indicate that the saturation conditions of the sediment along the flow path can greatly influence the amount of sediment entrained. However, this process is usually not considered for practical applications. This study aims to close this gap by combining runout and hydrological models into a predictive framework that is calibrated and tested using unique observations of sediment erosion and debris‐flow properties available at a Swiss debris‐flow observation station (Illgraben). To this end, hourly water input to the erodible channel is predicted using a simple, process‐based hydrological model, and the resulting water saturation level in the upper sediment layer of the channel is modelled based on a Hortonian infiltration concept. Debris‐flow entrainment is then predicted using the RAMMS debris‐flow runout model. We find a strong correlation between the modelled saturation level of the sediment on the flow path and the channel‐bed erodibility for single‐surge debris‐flow events with distinct fronts, indicating that the modelled water content is a good predictor for erosion simulated in RAMMS. Debris‐flow properties with more complex flow behaviour (e.g., multiple surges or roll waves) are not as well predicted using this procedure, indicating that more physically complete models are necessary. Finally, we demonstrate how this modelling framework can be used for climate change impact assessment and show that earlier snowmelt may shift the peak of the debris‐flow season to earlier in the year. Our novel modelling framework provides a plausible approach to reproduce saturation‐dependent entrainment and thus better constrain event volumes for current and future hazard assessment.
Hybrid machine learning models for groundwater level prediction in a snow‐dominated region: An evaluation of EEMD, VMD and EWT decomposition techniques
Authors: Gezici Kadir , Katipoğlu Okan Mert , Şengül Selim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWater scarcity is a pressing issue, intensified by factors such as population growth and industrialization. Hence, it is crucial to monitor, conserve and analyse groundwater resources, which are essential sources of clean and usable water. This study examines changes in groundwater levels (GWLs) in northeastern Turkey's mountainous and snow‐covered area. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of integrated machine learning models, specifically, the extreme learning machine (ELM) technique combined with signal decomposition techniques such as ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and empirical wavelet transform (EWT) for monthly GWL prediction models. Seventy percent of the accessible data is allocated for training, while 30% is designated for testing. A correlation matrix involving precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and GWL parameters is generated with inputs that possess significant correlations being selected, such as GWLt−1, GWLt−2, RHt, RHt−1 and RHt−2. To evaluate model results, various metrics, including mean squared error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, mean bias error, bias factor, determination coefficient, Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency, as well as tools such as box plots, Taylor diagrams and radar charts, are utilized to compare outcomes during the interpretation phase. The results of the analyses show that applying data decomposition methods such as EEMD, VMD and EWT significantly improves the performance of the ELM algorithm in predicting GWLs. VMD‐ELM is the most accurate for GWL forecasting among the approaches examined. The R2 values of the most successful models established in the two wells are 0.993 and 0.905. The outcomes of this research hold significance for decision‐makers and policymakers as it offers informative insights into aquifer surveillance, irrigation strategizing and efficient administration of water resources.
Is valacyclovir being used for cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy?
Authors: Rincón‐Guevara Oscar , Leung Jessica , Sugerman David E. , Lanzieri Tatiana M. 
Published: May 2024

SynopsisValacyclovir use in 10% of pregnancies with cytomegalovirus infection in this US cohort was likely for genital herpes treatment.
Theoretical study on the mechanism of alcohol photooxidation on Nb2O5 surface
Authors: Wang Wei‐Wei , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Ehara Masahiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTheoretical modeling of the solid‐state photocatalysis is one of the important issues as various useful photocatalysts have been developed to date. In this work, we investigated the mechanism of the alcohol photooxidation on niobium oxide (Nb2O5) which was experimentally developed, using the density functional theory (DFT)/time‐dependent (TD)DFT calculations based on the cluster model. The alcohol adsorption and the first hydrogen transfer from hydroxy group to surface occur in the ground state, while the second hydrogen transfer from CH proceeds in the excited states during the photoirradiation of UV or visible light. The spin crossing was identified and the low‐lying triplet states were solved for the reaction pathway. The photoabsorption in the visible light region was characterized as the charge transfer transition from O 2p of alcohol to Nb 4d of the Nb2O5 surface. The spin density and the natural population analysis indicated the generation of spin density in the moiety of carbonyl compound and its dissipation to the interface of the surface, which partly explains the electron paramagnetic resonance measurement. It was confirmed that the rate determining step is the desorption of carbonyl compound and water molecule in agreement with the experimental rate equation analysis. The present findings with the theoretical modeling will provide useful information for the further studies of the solid‐state photocatalysis.
Risk rates and profiles at intake in child and adolescent mental health services: A cohort and latent class analyses of 21,688 young people in South London
Authors: Coughlan Barry , Woolgar Matt , Hood Rick , Hutchinson Dustin , Denford Ella , Hillier Amy , Clements Keith , Geraghty Teresa , Berry Ava , Bywaters Paul , Bilson Andy , Smith Jack , Drayak Taliah , Graham David , Crozier‐Roche Francesca , Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren and young people (CYP) seen by child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) often experience safeguarding issues. Yet little is known about the volume and nature of these risks, including how different adversities or risks relate to one another. This exploratory study aims to bridge this gap, examining rates at entry to services and profiles of risk using a latent class analysis.MethodsData were extracted for CYP who received at least one risk assessment at CAMHs in South London between January 2007 and December 2017. In total, there were 21,688 risk assessments. Latent class analysis was used to identify profiles of risk from the risk assessments.ResultsConcerns about parent mental health (n = 5274; 24%), emotional abuse (n = 4487; 21%), violence towards others (n = 4210; 19%), destructive behaviour (n = 4005; 18%), and not attending school (n = 3762; 17%) were the most commonly identified risks. Six distinct profiles of risk were identified from the latent class analyses: (1) maltreatment and externalising behaviours, (2) maltreatment but low risk to self and others, (3) antisocial behaviour, (4) inadequate caregiver supervision and risk to self and others, (5) risk to self but not others, and (6) mental health needs but low risk.ConclusionsThese findings provide fresh insights into adverse experiences and risks identified by CAMHS. For professionals, the profiles identified in this study might provide insights into profiles of identified risks, in contrast to traditional cumulative approaches to risk. For researchers, these profiles may be fertile ground for hypothesis‐driven work on the association between adversity and later outcomes.
Design, synthesis, biological evolution and in silico studies of a novel 1,2,3,4‐tetrazole fused with 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐amine derivatives
Authors: Rajeswari Muthirevula , Nagaraju Begari , Yasmintaj Shaik , Muralidhar Pamerla , Rao Chunduri Venkata , Karunakar Prashantha , Maddila Suresh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new series of tetrazole fused with 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐amine (4a–j) moiety have been synthesized. A thorough characterization of each compound was carried out using mass spectrum data, FT‐IR, 1H, and 13C NMR studies. The antibacterial effectiveness of these prepared substances was assessed in vitro against Gram‐(−) strains of P. aeruginosa and E. coli, as well as Gram‐(+) strains of B. subtilis and S. aureus. Molecules 4f and 4h showed exceptional effectiveness against both types of strains when compared to the reference antibiotic Streptomycin. Moreover the evolution of the molecular docking (in silico) studies also helpful for all the synthesized compounds and reference amoxicillin. The investigation included a look at protein stability, APO‐protein dynamics, and interactions. Using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations with Desmond Maestro version 11.3 for this inquiry, a potential lead molecule was found.
A versatile ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe for the determination of clonazepam in patients' plasma samples
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad , Jouyban Abolghasem , Ranjbar Fatemeh , Soleymani Jafar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the necessity of the study of therapeutic drug monitoring of clonazepam (CLZ), there are only a few fast detection methods available for determining CLZ in biological media. This study aims to develop a cost‐effective and ratiometric probe for the quantification of CLZ in plasma samples. Fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles were produced through a self‐polymerization process at a pH of 8.5. Rhodamine B molecules were employed as a fluorescent reference material, emitting stable fluorescence in the visible range. The fabricated probe exhibited a specific detection capability for CLZ. The fluorescence emission of the probe was enhanced in two concentration ranges: from 50 ng/mL to 1.0 μg/mL and from 1.0 to 15.0 μg/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 50 ng/mL, indicating the sensitivity of the probe for detecting CLZ plasma levels. The accuracy of the probe is favorable which could be recommended for CLZ monitoring in the biological media. Furthermore, this probe is highly specific towards CLZ in the presence of various interfering agents which is mainly caused by its ratiometric nature. The developed platform showed high reliability in quantifying CLZ concentrations in patients' plasma samples. Hence, the fabricated probe could be recommended as a reliable method for the routine detection of CLZ in clinical settings.
Clearing the Air: Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Hematologic Cancer Patients
Authors: Pak‐Harvey Ezra , Lubin Daniel , Chen Amy , Willingham Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesAir quality has been shown to impact the rates of fungal infection of the airway, causing diseases such as acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS), particularly in immunocompromised patients. We theorize that patients with hematologic malignancies in units with aging air handling units (AHUs) have a higher attack rate of AIFRS.MethodsRetrospective chart review identified patients with hematologic malignancy and AIFRS in two distinct and equal time periods between 2013 and 2022, representing the presence of aging AHUs and new AHUs, respectively. Cubic feet per minute (CFM) air flows, AIFRS attack rates, and clinical data were compared between the two groups and statistical analyses performed.ResultsThe older AHUs produce air flow of 27,610 CFM and the newer AHUs produce air flow of 80,000 CFM. There were 18 patients with air supplied by older AHUs and 7 patients with air supplied by new AHUs who developed AIFRS. There was a significantly higher AIFRS attack rate for patients supplied by the older AHUs compared with patients supplied by newer AHUs (p = 0.033). The patients supplied by the older AHUs tended to be younger. The white blood cell counts, absolute neutrophil counts, and the mean time to diagnosis did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to examine AIFRS in immunocompromised patients' inpatient environment. Further research should explore whether higher CFM AHUs can decrease this disease among our most vulnerable patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:4466–4470, 2024
Diagnosis and Treatment of Radioactive Iodine‐Induced Sialadenitis: A 10‐Year Endoscopic Experience
Authors: Li Xiao , Yang Jing , Qu Liu‐Yang , Zheng Dan‐Ni , Xie Xiao‐Yan , Liu Deng‐Gao , Yu Guang‐Yan 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the endoscopic characteristics of radioactive iodine‐induced sialadenitis (RAIS), and to evaluate the treatment outcomes of endoscopic intervention for RAIS.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsEighty‐two consecutive patients (11 males and 71 females) diagnosed as RAIS from Nov. 2012 to Sep. 2023 were retrospectively included. All patients underwent endoscopic exploration and intervention of the affected glands. The endoscopic features were collected, and treatment outcomes were followed‐up and evaluated through post to pre‐operative comparisons of gland status.ResultsOverall, endoscopic procedures were undertaken for 162 parotid glands (PGs) and 62 submandibular glands (SMGs). Endoscopy showed severe lumen stricture (49.3%) and ductal atresia (23.5%) in PGs, as well as severe stenosis of the anterior duct and ectasia of the proximal duct (59.7%) in SMGs. During a median six months' follow‐up, the treatment outcomes of PGs were evaluated as “improvement” in 23.4%，“lesion maintenance” in 45.1% and “lesion aggravation” in 31.5% of the glands. As for SMGs, the treatment outcomes were scored as “improvement”in 29.0%，“lesion maintenance”in 54.8%, and“lesion aggravation”in 16.1% of the glands. No significant differences of treatment outcomes were found relative to RAI treatment sessions and cumulative dosage.ConclusionRAIS is characteristic of severe lumen stricture and ductal atresia in PGs, and stenosis of the distal duct and ectasia of the proximal duct in SMGs. Endoscopy can alleviate clinical symptoms of RAIS and help to preserve the gland function.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4506–4513, 2024