bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twice wind onsets of monsoon over the western North Pacific and their simulations in AMIP models
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Jianping 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe absolute angle between wind vectors is used to investigate and describe the seasonal evolutions of wind direction, which is able to indicate the abrupt seasonal shift and stable seasonal state of winds. The results show that the wind directions over the western North Pacific (WNP, 10° –22.5°N, 125° –145°E) undergo two abrupt changes and three stable states from winter to summer. Here we name the phenomenon as twice wind onsets of monsoon. The first wind onset occurs near mid‐May at 15°N, and the second one happens with the wind direction shifting southwesterly in mid‐July and ends in late September. The variations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and rainfall in the northward 5° latitudes of the neighbouring region show similar abrupt features as those of the twice wind onsets. The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) retreats eastward in the second stable state (pentad 29 to 37), which differs from the first stable state (pentad 1 to 24). As the strong cross‐equator flows from the Southern Hemisphere reach the WNP, the eastward retreat of WPSH consequently triggers the first wind onset. Then the WPSH ridge suddenly jumps to 30°N and results in the second wind onset. Meanwhile, the propagation of the second wind onset is consistent with the migration of the WNP monsoon trough.Seven atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) of Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) are validated against the observations mentioned earlier. The results show that there are still notable shortcomings for the models to simulate the WNP summer monsoon, especially the twice onsets. There is no significant improvement for the simulation of multi‐models ensemble mean. Only MPI‐ECHAM5 captures partial characteristics of similar pattern. The poor simulation of the migration of the WPSH ridge and monsoon trough may be important factors for the shortcomings. Moreover, none of the models reproduces corresponding rainfall patterns over the WNP. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Raman spectroscopic study of synthetic reevesite and cobalt substituted reevesite (Ni,Co)6Fe2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Bakon Kathleen H. , Palmer Sara J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRaman spectroscopy, complemented with infrared spectroscopy of compounds equivalent to reevesite, formula (Ni,Co)6Fe2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O, with the ratio of Ni/Co ranging from 0 to 1, have been synthesised and characterised based on the molecular structure of the synthesised mineral. The combination of Raman spectroscopy with infrared spectroscopy enables an assessment of bands attributable to water stretching and brucite‐like surface hydroxyl units to be obtained. Raman spectroscopy shows a reduction in the symmetry of the carbonate anion, leading to the conclusion that the carbonate anion is bonded to the brucite‐like hydroxyl surface and to the water in the interlayer. Variation in the position of the carbonate anion stretching vibrations occurs and is dependent on the Ni/Co ratio. Water bending modes are identified in both the Raman and infrared spectra at positions greater than 1620 cm−1, indicating that water is strongly hydrogen bonded to both the interlayer anions and the hydrotalcite surface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of 4‐mercaptopyridine on sub‐monolayers of α‐Fe2O3 nanocrystals (sphere, spindle, cube)
Authors: Fu Xiaoqi , Bei Fengli , Wang Xin , Yang Xujie , Lu Lude 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra from 4‐mercaptopyridine (4‐Mpy) adsorbed on sub‐monolayers of α‐Fe2O3 nanocrystals (sphere, spindle, cube). The maximum enhancement factor has been estimated to be about 104 compared to that of 4‐Mpy in solution. A possible mechanism has been proposed that the charge transfer between the α‐Fe2O3 nanocrystals and the 4‐Mpy molecules is most likely responsible for the observed enhancement of Raman intensity of adsorbed 4‐Mpy molecules as surface plasmon resonances have not occurred. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of newborn hearing screening
Authors: Philips Birgit , Corthals Paul , De Raeve Leo , D'haenens Wendy , Maes Leen , Bockstael Annelies , Keppler Hannah , Swinnen Freya , De Vel Eddy , Vinck Bart , Dhooge Ingeborg 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the impact of a newborn hearing screening program on the management and outcome of deaf children and to identify underlying factors that may be responsible for the differences between high and low performing implanted children.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study of 391 implanted children in Flanders (Belgium).Methods:First, implanted children were sorted into two groups on account of screening age (early screened, n = 195 vs. late screened, n = 196). Both groups were compared with respect to several variables. Second, outcome of cochlear implantation was measured in terms of the child's speech perception and production skills (n = 355). A subgroup of high performing cochlear implant (CI) users was compared with low performing CI users with regard to several variables.Results:Early screened children differ significantly from late screened children with respect to age of hearing loss detection and age at cochlear implantation. Furthermore, early screening and implantation is associated with better auditory receptive skills and speech intelligibility. Additional impairments negatively influence both receptive and productive skills. In addition, children who communicate orally and wear bilateral cochlear implants perform better on speech production, whereas a better speech perception was found in children who became progressively deaf as opposed to congenitally deaf children.Conclusions:The results of this extensive study of profoundly deaf children with CIs in Flanders indicate that a newborn hearing screening program results in earlier intervention in deaf children, which beneficially influences the auditory receptive skills and speech intelligibility. Laryngoscope, 2009
Proteomics analysis of perilymph and cerebrospinal fluid in mouse
Authors: Leary Swan Erin E. , Peppi Marcello , Chen Zhiqiang , Green Karin M. , Evans James E. , McKenna Michael J. , Mescher Mark J. , Kujawa Sharon G. , Sewell William F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:Proteins in perilymph may alter the delivery profile of implantable intracochlear drug delivery systems through biofouling. Knowledge of protein composition will help anticipate interactions with delivered agents.Study Design:Analysis of mouse perilymph.Methods:Protein composition of perilymph and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analyzed using a capillary liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based iTRAQ quantitative proteomics approach. We searched against a mouse subset of the Uniprot FASTA protein database. We sampled perilymph from the apex of the mouse cochlea to minimize CSF contamination.Results:More than 50 explicit protein isoforms were identified with very high confidence. iTRAQ reporter ions allowed determination of relative molar amounts of proteins between perilymph and CSF. Protein in perilymph was almost three times more concentrated than in CSF. More than one‐third of the proteins in perilymph comprised protease inhibitors, with serpins being the predominant group. Apolipoproteins constituted 16%. Fifteen percent of the proteins were enzymes. Albumin was the most abundant single protein (14%). Proteins with relatively high perilymph/CSF ratios included broad‐spectrum protease inhibitors and apolipoproteins.Discussion:Some proteins found in perilymph, such as albumin and HMW kininogen, have been implicated in biofouling through adsorption to device materials. The relatively large quantities of apolipoprotein and albumin may serve as a reservoir for acidic and lipophillic drugs. Alpha‐2‐glycoprotein can bind basic drugs.Conclusions:Perilymph is similar in protein composition to CSF, though amounts are 2.8 times higher. Protease inhibitors comprise the largest category of proteins. Laryngoscope, 2009
A systematic review of outcomes following surgical decompression for dysthyroid orbitopathy
Authors: Leong Samuel C. , Karkos Peter D. , MacEwen Caroline J. , White Paul S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:To systematically review and compare the surgical outcomes of orbital decompression for dysthyroid orbitopathy.Methods:Data sources used were PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane search for English‐language literature from January 1990 to April 2008, combined with manual review of citations within article bibliographies. Citations acquired from the targeted search were filtered independently by two researchers. Relevant articles were reviewed to obtain information including interventions and outcome measures. Articles were then assigned level‐of‐evidence grades as defined by the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine.Results:A total of 516 citations were generated from which 135 abstracts were regarded as potentially relevant. After other relevant articles identified from the bibliography and duplicate articles excluded, 56 studies were available for analysis. Fifty studies were identified as level 4 and six as level 3 evidence. A total of 2,315 patients were pooled, from which 4,176 orbits were decompressed. Fifteen different surgical techniques were broadly identified. The most common surgical indication was cosmesis. Decompression by combined transpalpebral‐endoscopic technique resulted in the highest average reduction in postoperative proptosis. The largest improvement in visual acuity was after coronal approach orbital decompression. The overall complication rate was 9.3%. The most significant complications were vision loss and cerebral vascular accident. The highest complication rate was associated with combined endoscopic and transpalpebral decompression.Conclusions:There are myriad techniques in practice for decompressing the orbit, but no one technique has yet to achieve consistently good outcome and low complication rates. The reporting of outcomes should conform to a minimum dataset. Laryngoscope, 2009
Investigation on the corrosion inhibitive effect of 2H‐pyrazole‐triazole derivatives in acidic solution
Authors: Li Weihua , Zhao Xia , Liu Faqian , Deng Junying , Hou Baorong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFour research methods, such as weight loss test, electrochemical techniques, adsorption isotherm, and quantum chemical calculation, were employed in this paper to study the inhibition efficiency (IE) and inhibition mechanism of three 2H‐pyrazole‐triazole derivatives, BHOT, FHOT, and CHOT in 1 M HCl solution for mild steel. Using the electrochemical technique, three inhibitors were proved to show a mixed‐type character for mild steel by suppressing both anodic and cathodic reactions on the steel surface. The adsorption models of three compounds were established at different temperatures according to their adsorption isotherms. The results of the quantum chemical calculation method indicated that the adsorption sites of 2H‐pyrazole‐triazole derivatives were strongly centralized on benzene ring, triazole ring, or other substituents. All the results showed that the three derivatives were excellent inhibitors in 1 M HCl solution for mild steel.
Glycoproteomics in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Hwang Hyejin , Zhang Jianpeng , Chung Kathryn A. , Leverenz James B. , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Peskind Elaine R. , Jankovic Joseph , Su Zhen , Hancock Aneeka M. , Pan Catherine , Montine Thomas J. , Pan Sheng , Nutt John , Albin Roger , Gearing Marla , Beyer Richard P. , Shi Min , Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProtein glycosylation regulates protein function and cellular distribution. Additionally, aberrant protein glycosylations have been recognized to play major roles in human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Glycoproteomics, a branch of proteomics that catalogs and quantifies glycoproteins, provides a powerful means to systematically profile the glycopeptides or glycoproteins of a complex mixture that are highly enriched in body fluids, and therefore, carry great potential to be diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. Application of this mass spectrometry‐based technology to the study of neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) is relatively new, and is expected to provide insight into the biochemical pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, as well as biomarker discovery. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding of glycoproteins in biology and neurodegenerative disease, and have discussed existing proteomic technologies that are utilized to characterize glycoproteins. Some of the ongoing studies, where glycoproteins isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and human brain are being characterized in Parkinson's disease at different stages versus controls, are presented, along with future applications of targeted validation of brain specific glycoproteins in body fluids. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:79–125, 2010
Pronation–supination torque and associated electromyographic activity varies during a sustained elbow flexor contraction but does not influence the time to task failure
Authors: Staudenmann Didier , Rudroff Thorsten , Enoka Roger M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this study we measured the pronation–supination torque, flexion force, and electromyographic activity in elbow flexor muscles during an isometric contraction in which a submaximal elbow flexion force was kept constant for as long as possible. Ten subjects performed the contraction at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque until failure. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the long and short heads of biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, and triceps brachii was recorded with surface and intramuscular electrodes. The mean time to failure was 8.2 ± 6.2 min. The fluctuations in flexion force and pronation–supination torque were correlated (r range = 0.68–0.92), and subjects exhibited a range of pronation–torque profiles that were not associated with the time to failure. Knowing the influence of concurrent actions about the pronation–supination axis during a submaximal fatiguing contraction with the elbow flexor muscles has implications for the design of workstations in ergonomic settings and in the prescription of activities for rehabilitation programs. Muscle Nerve 40: 231–239, 2009
Two types of urgency
Authors: Blaivas Jerry G. , Panagopoulos Georgia , Weiss Jeffrey P. , Somaroo Chandra 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAimsTo determine whether urinary urgency, as defined by the International Continence Society, is an intensification of the normal sensation that occurs when micturition must be delayed once the urge to void is felt (Type 1 urgency) or a discrete, pathologic symptom different from the normal urge (Type 2 urgency).MethodsForty‐eight consecutive patients who complained of urinary urgency completed two different questionnaires designed to answer the question posed above. The patients were divided into two groups of 24. For the test–retest, group 1 completed questionnaire 1 twice within 3–10 days and group 2 did the same with questionnaire 2. On the second administration of the questionnaire, each subject crossed over and answered the other questionnaire. For the test–retest, since the data set is dichotomous (yes/no), the degree of agreement between the two sets of data was assessed by calculating the kappa coefficient.ResultsThere were 37 women and 11 men ranging in age from 54 to 87 years. There was no difference in age and sex between the two groups (P = 0.19). There was excellent agreement in the test–retest responses for both questionnaires (kappa = 1.0, P < 0.001). For questionnaire 1, the urge sensation was an intensification of the normal sensation in 33 (68.8%) and it was a different sensation in 15 (31.3%). Similarly, for questionnaire 2, it was an intensification of the normal urge in 34 (70.8%) and different in 14 (29.2%). The differences in patient responses between the two groups were not significant. In the crossover section, only 1 of 48 subjects changed their response, resulting in a very high degree of agreement (kappa = .95, p < .001). Combining the two groups, urgency was perceived as an intensification of the normal urge to void in 33/48 patients (69%), a different sensation in 14/48 (29%) and 1/48 (2%) was not sure.ConclusionsUrgency is comprised of at least two different sensations. One is an intensification of the normal urge to void and the other is a different sensation. The implications of this distinction are important insofar as they may have different etiologies and respond differently to treatment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:188–190, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attachment of a sling rescue suture to Midurethral tape for management of potential postoperative voiding dysfunction
Authors: Shobeiri S. Abbas , Nihira Mikio A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAimsTo investigate the utility of a polypropylene sling rescue suture (SRS) attached to mid‐portion of the mid‐urethral sling tape procedure for in office sling loosening/release using a defined algorithm.MethodsA surgical database search was performed for slings performed by the authors. During the course of the procedure a polypropylene suture was passed through the mid‐portion of the sling tape and allowed to exit through the vaginal mucosa closure such that the tail of the suture loop rested in the vagina. Patients were managed by a predetermined algorithm to make decisions about (1) in office polypropylene suture removal, (2) manipulation of polypropylene suture in attempt to loosen the sling, and (3) localization and incision of the sling tape in the office using polypropylene suture.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐four cases were identified, 70/184 of which were outpatient slings, and 114/184 of which had reconstructive surgery and a sling procedure. In the outpatient sling group 2/70 (3%) had resolution of voiding dysfunction with sling manipulation using polypropylene suture, 2/70 (3%) required sling excision in office. In the group with concomitant pelvic reconstruction, 4/114 had elevated postvoid residuals and ultimately required sling excision. 6/184 (3%) in the entire group required sling excision in the office. 178/184 (97%) had normal voiding.ConclusionsThe polypropylene suture facilitated easy release of obstructive slings. It was successful in normalizing the voiding function in patients with disrupted voiding pattern, but not in those with high post‐void residuals who had failed a trial of intermittent catherization. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:990–994, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of structure–properties relationship in nitrile‐butadiene rubber/phenolic resin/organoclay ternary nanocomposites using simple model system
Authors: Shojaei A. , Faghihi M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe present study deals with the structure–property relationship of organoclay (OC) filled nanocomposites based on rubber blend comprising of nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) and phenolic resin (PH). To obtain a better insight into the characteristics of the NBR/PH/OC hybrid system, a simple model system consisting of NBR/OC nanocomposites is also taken into consideration. A series of NBR/OC and NBR/PH/OC nanocomposites containing a wide range of OC concentrations (2.5–30 phr) are prepared by using traditional open two‐roll mill. Structural analysis performed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) exhibits mixed exfoliated and intercalated morphology at low OC content, below 7.5 phr, and a well‐ordered intercalated morphology at higher OC loading. It is shown that the dispersion of OC is also influenced by mixing time and order of mixing of components. Analysis of the cure characteristics, mechanical, and thermal properties of both the NBR/OC and NBR/PH/OC nanocomposites reveals that the OC is dispersed mainly in the NBR continuous phase, even though some is likely localized in the rubber–resin interface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological alterations to neurons of the amygdala and impaired fear conditioning in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Knafo Shira , Venero Cesar , Merino‐Serrais Paula , Fernaud‐Espinosa Isabel , Gonzalez‐Soriano Juncal , Ferrer Isidro , Santpere Gabriel , DeFelipe Javier 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffer from impaired memory and emotional disturbances, the pathogenesis of which is not entirely clear. In APP/PS1 transgenic mice, a model of AD in which amyloid β (Aβ) accumulates in the brain, we have examined neurons in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA), a brain region crucial to establish cued fear conditioning. We found that although there was no neuronal loss in this region and Aβ plaques only occupy less than 1% of its volume, these mice froze for shorter times after auditory fear conditioning when compared to their non‐transgenic littermates. We performed a three‐dimensional analysis of projection neurons and of thousands of dendritic spines in the LA. We found changes in dendritic tree morphology and a substantial decrease in the frequency of large spines in plaque‐free neurons of APP/PS1 mice. We suggest that these morphological changes in the neurons of the LA may contribute to the impaired auditory fear conditioning seen in this AD model. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GenMolTM Supramolecular Descriptors Predicting Reliable Sensitivity of Energetic Compounds
Authors: Bénazet Stéphane , Jacob Guy , Pèpe Gérard 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStructure/activity relationship methodology has been applied to the problem of the prediction of the energetic molecule's sensitivity. This parameter knowledge is of great importance to increase the safety of operations in the field of synthesis and manipulation of such compounds. It has been shown that descriptors of the solid state interactions and surface topology issued from GenMol software calculations greatly enhanced the correlation between measured and predicted sensitivity. As the structural parameters used to establish the descriptors are experimental ones, their physical significance is particularly preserved which allows to give a good prediction for impact or friction sensitivity by the so defined descriptors.
4f hybridization and band dispersion in gadolinium thin films and compounds
Authors: Komesu Takashi , Jeong H.K. , Wooton David , Losovyj Ya. B. , Crain J.N. , Bissen M. , Himpse F.J. , Petrosky J. , Tang Jinke , Wang Wendong , Yakovkin I.N. , Dowben P.A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThere is interplay between intra‐atomic orbital hybridization and extra‐atomic hybridization in various gadolinium systems, which affects magnetic coupling and electron itinerancy (localization). The results do not always follow expectation. The experimental band structure of thin Gd(0001) films, grown on the Mo(112) surface, along the $ \bar \Gamma $ – $ \bar M $ does not agree with expectations even qualitatively. In particular, the dispersion of the gadolinium band, with strong 5d weight near 2 eV binding energy provides considerable evidence to support the case for 4f‐5d hybridization, with increasing 5d localization. On the other hand, there is also evidence of extra‐atomic Gd 4f hybridization leading band dispersion in the occupied 4f levels in Gd2O3 (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)