bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Temperature Measurements of the Rate Constants for Reactions of OH with a Series of Large Normal Alkanes: n-Pentane, n-Heptane, and n-Nonane
Authors: Pang Genny A. , Hanson Ronald K. , Golden David M. , Bowman Craig T. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Rate constants for the overall reactions of OH with n-pentane, n-heptane, and n-nonane were measured in shock tube experiments behind reflected shock waves. Narrow-linewidth laser absorption by OH at 306.7 nm was used in pseudo first-order experiments with temperatures between 869 to 1364 K. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was used as the OH precursor. Experiments were also performed to study the kinetics of the TBHP decomposition and resulting product chemistry, and an accurate mechanism describing OH precursor chemistry effects was developed to model OH concentration time-history in the n-alkane + OH experiments. The experimental results for the n-alkane + OH rate constant measurements can be expressed as rate constants in Arrhenius form as

k

n-pentane + OH = 2.10 × 10-10 exp(-2038/T[K]) (869–1364 K),

k

n-heptane + OH = 2.43 × 10-10 exp(-1804/T[K]) (869–1364 K),

k

n-nonane + OH = 3.17 × 10-10 exp(-1801/T[K]) (884–1352 K),
each in units of cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The present rate constants measured for OH with n-pentane and n-heptane show agreement within 20% with recent work by Sivaramakrishnan and Michael [J. Phys. Chem. A, 113 (2009) 5047]. The measurements of the rate constant for n-nonane + OH presented here represent the first in the literature to depict the temperature dependence of the rate constant above 800 K. The measurements of each n-alkane + OH rate constant studied were compared with two models in the literature used to estimate the rate constants of n-alkane + OH reactions. The Structure-Activity Relationship of Kwok and Atkinson [Atmos. Environ., 29 (1995) 1685] shows the best agreement with the current data for all three n-alkanes over the entire temperature range studied, demonstrating that this model is capable of predicting the overall rate constants for reactions of OH with n-pentane, n-heptane, and n-nonane for temperatures up to 1364 K.
Competing Channels in the Propene + OH Reaction: Experiment and Validated Modeling over a Broad Temperature and Pressure Range
Authors: Kappler Claudia , Zádor Judit , Welz Oliver , Fernandez Ravi X. , Olzmann Matthias , Taatjes Craig A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough the propene + OH reaction has been in the center of interest of numerous experimental and theoretical studies, rate coefficients have never been determined experimentally between∼600 and∼750 K, where the reaction is governed by the complex interaction of addition, back-dissociation and abstraction. In this work OH time-profiles are measured in two independent laboratories over a wide temperature region (200–950 K) and are analyzed incorporating recent theoretical results. The datasets are consistent both with each other and with the calculated rate coefficients. We present a simplified set of reactions validated over a broad temperature and pressure range, that can be used in smaller combustion models for propene + OH. In addition, the experimentally observed kinetic isotope effect for the abstraction is rationalized using ab initio calculations and variational transition-state theory. We recommend the following approximate description of the OH + C3H6reactionC3H6+ OH ⇆ C3H6OH (R1a,R-1a)C3H6+ OH → C3H5+ H2O (R1b)k1a(200 K ≤T≤ 950 K; 1 bar ≤P) = 1.45 × 10-11(T/K)-0.18e460 K/Tcm3molecule-1s-1k-1a(200 K ≤T≤ 950 K; 1 bar ≤P) = 5.74 × 1012e-12690 K/Ts-1k1b(200 K ≤T≤ 950 K) = 1.63 × 10-18(T/K)2.36e-725 K/Tcm3molecule-1s-1
Global Alcohol Producers, Science, and Policy: The Case of the International Center for Alcohol Policies
Authors: Jernigan David H. 
Published: November 2011

In this article, I document strategies used by alcohol producers to influence national and global science and policy.Their strategies include producing scholarly publications with incomplete, distorted views of the science underlying alcohol policies; pressuring national and international governmental institutions; and encouraging collaboration of public health researchers with alcohol industry–funded organizations and researchers.I conclude with a call for an enhanced research agenda drawing on sources seldom used by public health research, more focused resourcing of global public health bodies such as the World Health Organization to counterbalance industry initiatives, development of technical assistance and other materials to assist countries with effective alcohol-control strategies, and further development of an ethical stance regarding collaboration with industries that profit from unhealthy consumption of their products.
Changes in Fluoroquinolone Use for Gonorrhea Following Publication of Revised Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Dowell Deborah , Tian Lin H. , Stover Jeffrey A. , Donnelly Jennifer A. , Martins Summer , Erbelding Emily J. , Pino Raul , Weinstock Hillard , Newman Lori M. 
Published: November 2011

Objectives. We evaluated the impact of revised national treatment recommendations on fluoroquinolone use for gonorrhea in selected states. Methods. We evaluated gonorrhea cases reported through the Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Network as treated between July 1, 2006 and May 31, 2008, using interrupted time series analysis. Outcomes were fluoroquinolone treatment overall, by area, and by practice setting. Results. Of 16 126 cases with treatment dates in this period, 15 669 noted the medication used. After revised recommendations were released, fluoroquinolone use decreased abruptly overall (21.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.9%, 27.2%), in most geographic areas evaluated, and in sexually transmitted disease clinics (28.5%; 95% CI = 19.0%, 37.9%). More gradual decreases were seen in primary care (8.6%; 95% CI = 2.6%, 14.6%), and in emergency departments, urgent care, and hospitals (2.7%; 95% CI = 1.7%, 3.7%). Conclusions. Fluoroquinolone use decreased after the publication of revised national guidelines, particularly in sexually transmitted disease clinics. Additional mechanisms are needed to increase the speed and magnitude of changes in prescribing in primary care, emergency departments, urgent care, and hospitals.
The Effects of Arkansas Master Settlement Spending on Disparities in Smoking
Authors: Yu Hao , Scharf Deborah , Engberg John , Schultz Dana 
Published: November 2011

Objectives. We assessed the effect of Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) spending on smoking disparities in Arkansas, which distinguished itself from other states by investing all of its MSA funds in health-related programs. Methods. In 1996–2009 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we specified multivariate logistic models to examine gender and racial/ethnic disparities in smoking rates within Arkansas (a pre–post analysis) and between Arkansas and its 6 neighboring states. Results. Before the MSA programs started in 2001, male Arkansans smoked more than did female Arkansans (P < .05). After the programs, smoking declined significantly among men (but not women), eliminating the gender disparity by 2009. Smoking among men in Arkansas also declined more than it did in neighboring states (P < .05). Hispanics showed a greater decline in smoking than did non-Hispanic Whites in Arkansas (but not in neighboring states). In 2001, Hispanic Arkansans smoked more than did non-Hispanic Whites (P < .05); by 2009, Hispanic Arkansans smoked significantly less than did non-Hispanic Whites (P < .05). Conclusions. MSA-funded programs were more effective in some segments of the Arkansas population than in others. Policymakers should consider targeting future MSA tobacco control programs to populations most resistant to change.
Operationalization of Community-Based Participatory Research Principles: Assessment of the National Cancer Institute's Community Network Programs
Authors: Braun Kathryn L. , Nguyen Tung T. , Tanjasiri Sora Park , Campbell Janis , Heiney Sue P. , Brandt Heather M. , Smith Selina A. , Blumenthal Daniel S. , Hargreaves Margaret , Coe Kathryn , Ma Grace X. , Kenerson Donna , Patel Kushal , Tsark JoAnn , Hébert James R. 
Published: November 2011

Objectives. We examined how National Cancer Institute–funded Community Network Programs (CNPs) operationalized principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR). Methods. We reviewed the literature and extant CBPR measurement tools. On the basis of that review, we developed a 27-item questionnaire for CNPs to self-assess their operationalization of 9 CBPR principles. Our team comprised representatives of 9 of the National Cancer Institute's 25 CNPs. Results. Of the 25 CNPs, 22 (88%) completed the questionnaire. Most scored well on CBPR principles of recognizing community as a unit of identity, building on community strengths, facilitating colearning, embracing iterative processes in developing community capacity, and achieving a balance between data generation and intervention. CNPs varied in the extent to which they employed CBPR principles of addressing determinants of health, sharing power among partners, engaging the community in research dissemination, and striving for sustainability. Conclusions. Although the development of assessment tools in this field is in its infancy, our findings suggest that fidelity to CBPR processes can be assessed in a variety of settings.
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes in Brazil
Authors: Claro Rafael M. , Levy Renata B. , Popkin Barry M. , Monteiro Carlos A. 
Published: November 2011

Objectives. We investigated whether taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) would improve the diets of households in Brazil. Methods. We used household food consumption data that the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics collected in 2002–2003 from a nationally representative sample of 48 470 Brazilian households. The consumption of SSBs is expressed as the total SSB calories consumed and as the SSB percentage of the total calories purchased. We investigated price elasticity with regression models, controlling for demographic variables, income, and prices of all other foods and drinks. Results. Increases in the price of SSBs led to reductions in consumption. A 1.00% increase in the price of SSBs led to a 0.85% reduction of SSB calories consumed (1.03% reduction for the poor and 0.63% for the nonpoor). Increased income had a positive effect on SSB consumption, but the effect was less than half the size of the price elasticity (0.41% increase in SSB calories consumed for every 1.00% increase in income). Conclusions. High SSB price elasticity in Brazil indicates that a tax on purchased weight or volume would lead to reductions in SSB consumption.
Core Competencies for Doctoral Education in Public Health
Authors: Calhoun Judith G. , McElligott John E. , Weist Elizabeth M. , Raczynski James M. 
Published: November 2011

The Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH) released the Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) Core Competency Model in 2009. Between 2007 and 2009, a national expert panel with members of the academic and practice communities guided by the ASPH Education Committee developed its 7 performance domains, including 54 competencies. We provide an overview and analysis of the challenges and issues associated with the variability in DrPH degree offerings, reflect on the model development process and related outcomes, and discuss the significance of the model, future applications, and challenges for integration across educational settings. With the model, ASPH aims to stimulate national discussion on the competencies needed by DrPH graduates with the new challenges of 21st-century public health practice and to better define the DrPH degree.
Seasonal Variations in Mortality, Clinical, and Laboratory Parameters in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Usvyat Len A. , Carter Mary , Thijssen Stephan , Kooman Jeroen P. , van der Sande Frank M. , Zabetakis Paul , Balter Paul , Levin Nathan W. , Kotanko Peter 
Published: November 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Mortality varies seasonally in the general population, but it is unknown whether this phenomenon is also present in hemodialysis patients with known higher background mortality and emphasis on cardiovascular causes of death. This study aimed to assess seasonal variations in mortality, in relation to clinical and laboratory variables in a large cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients over a 5-year period.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study included 15,056 patients of 51 Renal Research Institute clinics from six states of varying climates in the United States. Seasonal differences were assessed by chi-squared tests and univariate and multivariate cosinor analyses.

Results
Mortality, both all-cause and cardiovascular, was significantly higher during winter compared with other seasons (14.2 deaths per 100 patient-years in winter, 13.1 in spring, 12.3 in autumn, and 11.9 in summer). The increase in mortality in winter was more pronounced in younger patients, as well as in whites and in men. Seasonal variations were similar across climatologically different regions. Seasonal variations were also observed in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and serum calcium, potassium, and platelet values. Differences in mortality disappeared when adjusted for seasonally variable clinical parameters.

Conclusions
In a large cohort of dialysis patients, significant seasonal variations in overall and cardiovascular mortality were observed, which were consistent over different climatic regions. Other physiologic and laboratory parameters were also seasonally different. Results showed that mortality differences were related to seasonality of physiologic and laboratory parameters. Seasonal variations should be taken into account when designing and interpreting longitudinal studies in dialysis patients.
Morphometric Variations of Discophrya Elongata (Ciliophora, Suctorea) Attached to Two Different Species of Aquatic True Bugs (Hemiptera, Prosorrhyncha, Nepomorpha)
Authors: Marico-Pérez R. , Mayén-Estrada R. , Macip-Ríos R. , Dovgal I. 
Published: November 2011

Morphometric Variations ofDiscophrya Elongata(Ciliophora, Suctorea) Attached to Two Different Species of Aquatic True Bugs (Hemiptera, Prosorrhyncha, Nepomorpha)Morphometric variation inDiscophrya elongataliving as epibionts of two species of aquatic true bugs,Corisella edulisandNotonecta unifasciata, collected from the same pond in Mexico are discussed. Factors that may be responsible for observed variability, especially hydrodynamic loads and long-term modifications, also are identified and discussed.
Geometric Morphometric Study on Geographic Dimorphism of Coding Moth Cydia Pomonella (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from North West of Iran
Authors: Khaghaninia S. , Mohammadi S. , Srafrazi A. , Nejad K. , Zahiri R. 
Published: November 2011

Geometric Morphometric Study on Geographic Dimorphism of Coding MothCydia Pomonella(Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from North West of IranDuring years 2003-2004, nine geographical populations of codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) from 4 north western provinces of Iran were collected. By preparing 575 images from fore wings and 564 from hind wings, a total of 15 and 11 landmarks were determined for fore and hind wings, respectively. With transforming of landmark's geometrical data into partial warp scores, 26 and 18 scores were obtained for fore and hind wings, respectively. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) revealed significant correlation between environmental parameters and wing shape variables. Among environmental parameters, wind speed showed the highest correlation with wing shape variables whereas, the correlation between latitude, relative humidity as well as amount of precipitation and wing shape variables was low. Considering the effect of various environmental parameters on wing shape, wind speed was determined as important parameter affecting geographic dimorphism. Among the populations collected from different regions, two geographic population pairs; Meshkinshahr-Mahneshan and Zandjan-Khoramdareh were selected as representative of low and high windy regions, respectively. Relative warp analysis (RWA) of fore and hind wings shape variables in the areas with high and low wind showed shorter and wider fore wings as well as slender and narrower hind wings in populations from high windy regions compared with populations from low wind regions. Centroid size of fore and hind wings in high windy area populations were smaller compared with those from low windy ones as revealed by t-test. The results showed aerodynamic shape and small size of wings are as adapted traits for powerful flight and its control in high windy regions.
Sentence Recognition in the Presence of Competing Speech Messages Presented in Audiometric Booths with Reverberation Times of 0.4 and 0.6 Seconds
Authors: Abouchacra Kim , Koehnke Janet , Besing Joan , Letowski Tomasz 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study examined whether differences in reverberation time (RT) between typical sound field test rooms used in audiology clinics have an effect on speech recognition in multi-talker environments. Separate groups of participants listened to target speech sentences presented simultaneously with 0-to-3 competing sentences through four spatially-separated loudspeakers in two sound field test rooms having RT = 0:6 sec (Site 1:N= 16) and RT = 0:4 sec (Site 2:N= 12). Speech recognition scores (SRSs) for the Synchronized Sentence Set (S3) test and subjective estimates of perceived task difficulty were recorded. Obtained results indicate that the change in room RT from 0.4 to 0.6 sec did not significantly influence SRSs in quiet or in the presence of one competing sentence. However, this small change in RT affected SRSs when 2 and 3 competing sentences were present, resulting in mean SRSs that were about 8-10% better in the room with RT = 0:4 sec. Perceived task difficulty ratings increased as the complexity of the task increased, with average ratings similar across test sites for each level of sentence competition. These results suggest that site-specific normative data must be collected for sound field rooms if clinicians would like to use two or more directional speech maskers during routine sound field testing.
39th Winter School on Vibroacoustical Hazards Suppressions Szczyrk, Poland, February 28 - March 4, 2011
Authors: Bukowski Roman 
Published: November 2011

39th Winter School on Vibroacoustical Hazards Suppressions Szczyrk, Poland, February 28 - March 4, 2011
Traditionally I invite you to acquaint with the preliminary list of lectures and some abstracts of lectures submitted for presentation in the 39th Winter School on Vibroacoustical Hazards Suppressions. This national School, organized by Upper Silesian Division of the Polish Acoustical Society and Institute of Physics at the Silesian University of Technology, is planned this year at the turn of February and March 2011. This conference is organized in different places of Silesian Beskidy Mountains, but this year will be again organized in Szczyrk.
Loudness Assessment of Musical Tones Equalized in A-weighted Level
Authors: Klonari Despina , Pastiadis Konstantinos , Papadelis Georgios , Papanikolaou George 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe present study was carried out to determine whether recorded musical tones played at various pitches on a clarinet, a flute, an oboe, and a trumpet are perceived as being equal in loudness when presented to listeners at the sameA-weighted level. This psychophysical investigation showed systematic effects of both instrument type and pitch that could be related to spectral properties of the sounds under consideration. Level adjustments that were needed to equalize loudness well exceeded typical values of JNDs for signal level, thus confirming the insufficiency ofA-weighting as a loudness predictor for musical sounds. Consequently, the use of elaborate computational prediction is stressed, in view of the necessity for thorough investigation of factors affecting the perception of loudness of musical sounds.
Automatic Music Summarization. A "Thumbnail" Approach
Authors: Głaczyński Jakub , Łukasik Ewa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the paper, various approaches to automatic music audio summarization are discussed. The project described in detail, is the realization of a method for extracting a music thumbnail - a fragment of continuous music of a given duration time that is most similar to the entire music piece. The results of subjective assessment of the thumbnail choice are presented, where four parameters have been taken into account: clarity (representation of the essence of the piece of music), conciseness (the motifs are not repeated in the summary), coherence of music structure, and overall quality of summary usefulness.
Comparison of Sound Attributes of Multichannel and Mixed-Down Stereo Recordings
Authors: Kin Maurycy , Plaskota Przemysław 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe work presents a comparison of some sound attributes perceived at a multichannel and stereo playback of musical recordings. The width of the virtual source, coherence impression, total size of sound scene, general quality and balance were the subjects of interest after the format reduction in accordance with the ITU recommendation. The results showed that evaluation of these attributes depends on the way the original audiosphere has been created in the surround system, for example, for a narrow virtual source the mix-down process causes only a small change in its size but for a broad source the observed degradation is significant. In addition, different ways of conversion from the multichannel to stereo format have been tested for compatibility.
Advances in Digitization of Microphones and Loudspeakers
Authors: Kulka Zbigniew 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe development of digital microphones and loudspeakers adds new and interesting possibilities of their applications in different fields, extended from industrial, medical to consumer audio markets. One of the rapidly growing field of applications is mobile multimedia, such as mobile phones, digital cameras, laptop and desktop PCs, etc. The advances have also been made in digital audio, particularly in direct digital transduction, so it is now possible to create the all-digital audio recording and reproduction chains potentially having several advantages over existing analog systems.
Speech Enhancement Based on the Multi-Scales and Multi-Thresholds of the Auditory Perception Wavelet Transform
Authors: Tao Zhi , Zhao He-Ming , Zhang Xiao-Jun , Wu Di 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This paper proposes a speech enhancement method using the multi-scales and multi-thresholds of the auditory perception wavelet transform, which is suitable for a low SNR (signal to noise ratio) environment. This method achieves the goal of noise reduction according to the threshold processing of the human ear's auditory masking effect on the auditory perception wavelet transform parameters of a speech signal. At the same time, in order to prevent high frequency loss during the process of noise suppression, we first make a voicing decision based on the speech signals. Afterwards, we process the unvoiced sound segment and the voiced sound segment according to the different thresholds and different judgments. Lastly, we perform objective and subjective tests on the enhanced speech. The results show that, compared to other spectral subtractions, our method keeps the components of unvoiced sound intact, while it suppresses the residual noise and the background noise. Thus, the enhanced speech has better clarity and intelligibility.
Anisopodidae and Dixidae (Diptera) of the Gemer region, with a new record for Slovaki
Authors: Ševčík Jan 
Published: November 2011

Anisopodidae and Dixidae (Diptera) of the Gemer region, with a new record for Slovaki
Four species of Anisopodidae and two species of Dixidae are recorded from the Gemer region in central Slovakia. The material was obtained mainly in the years 2008-2011 by means of Malaise traps and by individual collecting by the author. One species, Sylvicola stackelbergi Krivosheina & Menzel, 1998, is recorded from Slovakia for the first time.