bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated fault detection system design for linear discrete time‐varying systems with bounded power disturbances
Authors: Wan Yiming , Dong Wei , Wu Hao , Ye Hao 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the problem of an integrated fault detection system design for linear discrete time‐varying systems with bounded power disturbances. In the integrated design of residual generator and evaluator, an approximated energy constraint is first imposed on the bounded power disturbances, and then selected by solving a min–max problem to achieve minimal‐size set of undetectable faults under the condition of zero false alarms. To tackle the problem that the computational burden involved in solving the min–max optimization grows with time, the moving horizon method is proposed. The proposed approach in this paper has two advantages: (i) the approximated energy constraint on bounded power disturbances is explicitly selected as a min–max solution in the integrated design to improve fault detection rate; by contrast, when directly applying any existing fault detection method to the case of bounded power disturbances, a predefined approximated energy constraint is implicitly introduced without considering fault detection performance; (ii) the design objective of the proposed approach can choose to consider faults only in the recent time horizon rather than faults in the complete time horizon; this strategy enhances detection performance of recent faults and benefits early fault detection, but has not been considered by existing fault detection methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust stability and stabilization of uncertain linear positive systems via integral linear constraints: L1‐gain and L∞‐gain characterization
Authors: Briat Corentin 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYCopositive linear Lyapunov functions are used along with dissipativity theory for stability analysis and control of uncertain linear positive systems. Unlike usual results on linear systems, linear supply rates are employed here for robustness and performance analysis using L1‐gain and L∞‐gain. Robust stability analysis is performed using integral linear constraints for which several classes of uncertainties are discussed. The approach is then extended to robust stabilization and performance optimization. The obtained results are expressed in terms of robust linear programming problems that are equivalently turned into finite dimensional ones using Handelman's theorem. Several examples are provided for illustration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presenilin conditional double knockout mice exhibit decreases in drebrin a at hippocampal CA1 synapses
Authors: Lee David , Aoki Chiye 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPresenilin conditional double knockout (PScDKO) mice have been used as animal models to study the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) phenotypes. Studies to date indicate that these animals exhibit memory dysfunction and decreased synaptic plasticity before the onset of neurodegeneration. Therefore, the current study sought to examine how the loss of presenilin expression leads to these defects. Drebrin A, a neuron‐specific actin‐binding protein, has been shown to play an important role in the activity‐dependent redistribution of the NMDA type of glutamate receptors at the synapse which, in turn, is a critical step for enabling synaptic plasticity. It is hypothesized that defects in the activity dependent redistribution of NMDA receptors in PScDKO mice may be due to loss of drebrin A. In this study, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry (EM‐ICC) was used to quantify and locate drebrin A in the CA1 field of the hippocampus of PScDKO mice. The high resolution of EM‐ICC allowed for differentiation between drebrin A at the synapse and at nonsynaptic sites, the latter of which would reflect the protein's role in regulating the reserve or degradative pool of NMDA receptors. The results here demonstrate that loss of function of presenilin in mice leads to a decrease in immunoreactivity for drebrin A at both synaptic (54% decrease, P < 0.01) and nonsynaptic areas (40% decrease, P < 0.01) and overall (44% decrease, P < 0.01). The reduction of drebrin A in both synaptic and nonsynaptic locations of the spine may implicate impairment in glutamate receptor trafficking to and from the postsynaptic plasma membrane. In addition, because of reduced drebrin A at nonsynaptic sites, the regulation of the reserve and degradative pools of glutamate receptors may also be impaired, leading to further synaptic dysfunction. Therefore, this study provides evidence to the theory that drebrin A has a causal role in compromising activity‐dependent glutamate receptor trafficking in PScDKO mice. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Full Report ‐ World of Work Report 2010: From one crisis to the next?
Authors:   International Institute for Labour Studies
Published: June 2012

AbstractEconomic recovery from the crisis triggered by the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008 remains both weak and uneven across countries. The result is persistently high unemployment in some countries, and growing job precariousness almost everywhere. In the countries where the crisis originated, the financial system remains dysfunctional, thereby affecting enterprise investment and further delaying a job recovery.This report shows that a sustainable, job‐rich recovery is possible – provided that the factors that led to the crisis are tackled.
Integrating Human and Natural Systems in Community Psychology: An Ecological Model of Stewardship Behavior
Authors: Moskell Christine , Allred Shorna Broussard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCommunity psychology (CP) research on the natural environment lacks a theoretical framework for analyzing the complex relationship between human systems and the natural world. We introduce other academic fields concerned with the interactions between humans and the natural environment, including environmental sociology and coupled human and natural systems. To demonstrate how the natural environment can be included within CP's ecological framework, we propose an ecological model of urban forest stewardship action. Although ecological models of behavior in CP have previously modeled health behaviors, we argue that these frameworks are also applicable to actions that positively influence the natural environment. We chose the environmental action of urban forest stewardship because cities across the United States are planting millions of trees and increased citizen participation in urban tree planting and stewardship will be needed to sustain the benefits provided by urban trees. We used the framework of an ecological model of behavior to illustrate multiple levels of factors that may promote or hinder involvement in urban forest stewardship actions. The implications of our model for the development of multi‐level ecological interventions to foster stewardship actions are discussed, as well as directions for future research to further test and refine the model.
Geothermal Reservoirs – A Brief Review
Authors: Ganguly Sayantan , Kumar M. S. Mohan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A brief discussion and review of the geothermal reservoir systems, geothermal energy and modeling and simulation of the geothermal reservoirs has been presented here. Different types of geothermal reservoirs and their governing equations have been discussed first. The conceptual and numerical modeling along with the representation of flow though fractured media, some issues related to non isothermal flow through fractured media, the efficiency of the geothermal reservoir, structure of the numerical models, boundary conditions and calibration procedures have been illustrated. A brief picture of the Indian scenario and some barriers related with geothermal power are discussed and presented thereafter. Finally some gaps of the existing knowledge and recent focuses of research are discussed.
A Review of the Seismicity and Seismotectonics of Delhi and Adjoining Areas
Authors: Prakash Rajesh , Shrivastava J. P. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Understanding of seismicity and seismotectonics of Delhi and adjoining areas is essential as these areas lie in the seismic zone IV and are geologically confined to the Delhi Fold Belt (DFB), juxtaposed to the Himalayan Frontal Thrust Fold Belt. Owing to the set-up, seismicity in this area is ascribed to the Himalayan Thrust System and activation of DFB Fault Systems. Considerably improved instrumental seismic monitoring in this area and data analysis had resolved three regions of pronounced seismicity that lie close to Sonepat, Rohtak and western part of the NCT Delhi, attributed to activation of various portions of the fault systems of the DFB. Based on seismic telemetry network data, the seismicity pattern analysis revealed that the Mahendragarh Dehradun Sub-Surface Fault (MDSSF) and Delhi Sargodha Ridge (DSR) are the two major zones of structural importance for the nucleation of seismicity in this region. These revelations were corroborated with the fault plane solution of the earthquakes. The dominant mechanism in nucleation of seismicity in DFB is the thrust with minor strike slip. The seismicity and seismotectonics of Delhi and adjoining areas endemic to activation of DFB is reviewed and presented in this paper.
On Vertebraria Royle from Triassic of Nidpur, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Bhowmik Nupur , Parveen Shabnam 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The present paper embodies a description of a new species of the vertebrarian axis Vertebraria Royle (1834) from the Triassic Nidpur beds, M.P., India. Structurally preserved axes of the new species Vertebraria nidpurensis occur as horizontal or longitudinal compressions exhibiting excellent features of secondary xylem tissue. The description is based on a single hand specimen, displaying four axes lying in different positions but all exposed in their lateral views. Total length of axes is unknown but the largest specimen is about 7.2 cm long. Width of axes ranges between 0.2 cm – 2.8 cm depending on the number of vertical series of elongated rectangular areas present in the axis. Each vertical file of rectangles is separated from adjacent series by a narrow longitudinal groove. The rectangular area of longitudinal file is separated from the rectangle above and below by a thick or thin transverse bar that extends from one longitudinal groove to the other. Three axes out of four exhibit well preserved secondary tissues that showed features which were quite different from species of Vertebraria reported upto date. The new species differs from all other previously described structurally preserved species in having tracheids that bear pits on both tangential and radial walls and in having wood rays that are 2-35 celled high. Vertebrarian axes of above type are being reported for the first time from Triassic of Nidpur, Madhya Pradesh.
Financial crisis and extreme market risks: Evidence from Europe
Authors: Orlowski Lucjan T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study draws attention to the proliferation of extreme risks in financial markets prior to and during the course of the recent global financial crisis. It examines the level of such “tail” risks in selected equity, interbank lending and foreign exchange markets in selected EU Member States in relation to the United States. The extent of tail risks is assessed by applying general error distribution (GED) parameterization in GARCH volatility tests of the examined variables. The empirical tests prove that extreme market risks were pronounced across all of the examined European financial markets throughout the crisis. They were also significant prior to the crisis outbreak. The analyzed interbank lending markets exhibited more extreme volatility outbursts than the equity and foreign exchange markets did.
Optimal commodity asset allocation with a coherent market risk modeling
Authors: Al Janabi Mazin A.M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper fills a fundamental gap in commodity price risk management and optimal portfolio selection literatures by contributing a thorough reflection on trading risk modeling with a dynamic asset allocation process and under the supposition of illiquid and adverse market settings. This paper analyzes, from a portfolio managers' perspective, the performance of liquidity adjusted risk modeling in obtaining efficient and coherent investable commodity portfolios under normal and adverse market conditions. As such, the author argues that liquidity risk associated with the uncertainty of liquidating multiple commodity assets over given holding periods is a key factor in formalizing and measuring overall trading risk and is thus an important component to model, particularly in the wake of the repercussions of the recent 2008 financial crisis. To this end, this article proposes a practical technique for the quantification of liquidity trading risk for large portfolios that consist of multiple commodity assets and whereby the holding periods are adjusted according to the specific needs of each trading portfolio. Specifically, the paper proposes a robust technique to commodity optimal portfolio selection, in a liquidity‐adjusted value‐at‐risk (L‐VaR) framework, and particularly from the perspective of large portfolios that have both long and short positions or portfolios that consist of merely pure long trading positions. Moreover, in this paper, the author develops a portfolio selection model and an optimization‐algorithm which allocates commodity assets by minimizing the L‐VaR subject to applying credible operational and financial constraints based on fundamental asset management considerations. The empirical optimization results indicate that this alternate L‐VaR technique can be regarded as a robust portfolio management tool and can have many uses and applications in real‐world asset management practices and predominantly for fund managers with large commodity portfolios.
Comparison of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in Picea glauca tree rings and Sphagnum fuscum moss remains from subarctic Canada
Authors: Holzkämper Steffen , Tillman Päivi Kaislahti , Kuhry Peter , Esper Jan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractStable isotope ratios from tree rings and peatland mosses have become important proxies of past climate variations. We here compare recent stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in cellulose of tree rings from white spruce (Picea glauca), growing near the arctic tree line; and cellulose of Sphagnum fuscum stems, growing in a hummock of a subarctic peatland, in west-central Canada. Results show that carbon isotopes in S. fuscum correlate significantly with July temperatures over the past ~20 yr. The oxygen isotopes correlate with both summer temperature and precipitation. Analyses of the tree-ring isotopes revealed summer temperatures to be the main controlling factor for carbon isotope variations, whereas tree-ring oxygen isotope ratios are controlled by a combination of spring temperatures and precipitation totals. We also explore the potential of combining high-frequency (annual) climate signals derived from long tree-ring series with low-frequency (decadal to centennial) climate signals derived from the moss remains in peat deposits. This cross-archive comparison revealed no association between the oxygen isotopes, which likely results from the varying sensitivity of the archives to different seasons. For the carbon isotopes, common variance could be achieved through adjustments of the Sphagnum age model within dating error.
A feasibility study of the radio occultation electron density retrieval aided by a global ionospheric data assimilation model
Authors: Yue Xinan , Schreiner William S. , Kuo Ying‐Hwa 
Published: June 2012

Radio Occultation (RO) has been proven a powerful technique on profiling ionospheric electron density profile. The currently used Abel inversion in RO electron density profile retrieval has degraded performance in regions with large horizontal gradients because of an assumption of spherical symmetry as indicated by many studies. Due to the success of COSMIC/FORMOSAT‐3, the Joint U.S.‐Taiwan Executive Steering Committee has decided to move forward with a follow‐on RO mission (called COSMIC‐2/FORMOSAT‐7), which implies that the number of RO observations will increase rapidly in the near future. It is thus worthwhile continuing retrieval method improvements. In this study, a global ionospheric data assimilation model is constructed. A series of simulation tasks are conducted to study the feasibility of RO electron density profile retrieval aided by a global ionospheric data assimilation model based on the planned COSMIC‐2/FORMOSAT‐7 orbits and existing GPS, GLONASS and ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations configuration. We find that the data assimilation aided retrieval can significantly improve upon the Abel inversion and offers an optimal electron density profile retrieval approach if sufficient RO and ground GNSS observations are available. The retrieval error is affected by the data quantity, ionospheric variability, and accuracy of the data assimilation background. It is found that ∼700 globally distributed occultations per hour are sufficient to get better performance than the Abel inversion with the resolution of 2.5° in latitude, 5° in longitude, and 20 km in altitude in the data assimilation model.
A Field‐based Bioenergetics Model for Estimating Time‐Varying Food Consumption and Growth
Authors: van Poorten Brett T. , Walters Carl J. , Taylor Nathan G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBioenergetics models are often used to describe the implications of changes in growth and consumption of specific wild populations, and yet most parameters are derived from a variety of laboratory studies on other populations or species, leading to questions regarding the validity of predictions. A novel bioenergetics approach was recently developed where many parameters are estimated from the population being modeled, but growth and consumption are assumed invariant over time, which would not hold true when manipulations to the system are known or suspected. In the present paper, a bioenergetics model with many key parameters estimated from field data are presented where temporal deviations in growth rates were directly estimated. A series of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis populations, which have undergone various population manipulations, were used to evaluate the model. Further, the model was fit to a series of rainbow trout size‐classes stocked into each of the study lakes to compare with their wild counterparts and evaluate intercohort differences in growth and consumption. We found the model with time‐varying consumption was more parsimonious compared with models where growth and consumption were assumed to be constant over time. Our field data demonstrated how the model can detect different patterns in growth and consumption across populations and species. The model detected highly variable growth and consumption in rainbow trout over time and between populations but did not seem to be particularly influenced by past population manipulations. By contrast, northern pikeminnow demonstrated differences between lakes, but showed little temporal variation in growth and consumption. Stocked rainbow trout demonstrated similar growth rates to their wild counterparts, helping to validate growth estimates. Our bioenergetics model moves beyond existing ones by allowing measurement and process errors to be explicitly represented, while also permitting growth and consumption to vary over time.
Geology as a Structuring Mechanism of Stream Fish Communities
Authors: Neff Margaret R. , Jackson Donald A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe examined the influence of the Precambrian Shield, a broad‐scale geological feature of North America, on stream abiotic conditions and on the associated fish communities relative to an adjacent series of sites located on sedimentary geology (i.e., “off‐Shield” streams) in south‐central Ontario, Canada. Constrained and unconstrained multivariate analyses were used to quantify relationships in fish species composition, abiotic variables, and fish species’ functional traits. The results showed that for low‐order lotic systems, streams located on the Precambrian Shield had fish communities that were distinctly different from those of off‐Shield streams. Lotic fish communities on the Shield were associated with higher velocity, increased amounts of instream woody debris, higher dissolved oxygen, and shrub–marsh landscapes. In contrast, off‐Shield communities were characterized by higher conductivity, alkalinity, water temperature, and turbidity and were frequently surrounded by meadow and cultivated or pastured land. In general, off‐Shield sites were more species rich and were associated with species preferring a wide variety of habitats, whereas Shield sites were associated with a subset of the regional species pool that had more specific habitat associations. Overall, our results show that these sharp geological discontinuities result in distinct abiotic environments and fish communities between Shield and off‐Shield low‐order lotic systems within a small geographic range.
Aversive and Reinforcing Opioid Effects
Authors: Angst Martin S. , Lazzeroni Laura C. , Phillips Nicholas G. , Drover David R. , Tingle Martha , Ray Amrita , Swan Gary E. , Clark J. David 
Published: June 2012

Background
The clinical utility of opioids is limited by adverse drug effects including respiratory depression, sedation, nausea, and pruritus. In addition, abuse of prescription opioids is problematic. Gaining a better understanding of the genetic and environmental mechanisms contributing to an individual's susceptibility to adverse opioid effects is essential to identify patients at risk.

Methods
A classic twin study paradigm provided estimates for the genetic and familial (genetic and/or shared environment) contribution to acute adverse and affective opioid responses, all secondary outcomes of a larger dataset. One hundred twenty-one twin pairs were recruited in a single occasion, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. The μ-opioid receptor agonist alfentanil and saline placebo were administered as target-controlled infusions under carefully monitored laboratory conditions. Measured outcomes included respiratory depression, sedation, nausea, pruritus, drug liking, and drug disliking. Demographic information was collected, and aspects of mood and sleep were evaluated.

Results
Significant heritability was detected for respiratory depression (30%), nausea (59%), and drug disliking (36%). Significant familial effects were detected for sedation (29%), pruritus (38%), dizziness (32%), and drug liking (26%). Significant covariates included age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, mood, and depression. Covariates affected sedation, pruritus, drug liking and disliking, and dizziness.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that large-scale efforts to collect quantitative and well-defined opioid response data are not only feasible but also produce data that are suitable for genetic analysis. Genetic, environmental, and demographic factors work together to control adverse and reinforcing opioid responses, but contribute differently to specific responses.