bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased cyclooxygenase activity impairs apoptosis of inflammatory neutrophils in mice lacking gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase‐9
Authors: Kolaczkowska Elzbieta , Plytycz Barbara , Arnold Bernd , Piccard Helene , Opdenakker Ghislain 
Published: August 2009

SummaryMatrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9)/gelatinase B plays an important role in neutrophil infiltration during inflammation and cyclooxygenases (COX‐1 and COX‐2) and their products are important regulators of inflammation. Recently, we reported that a genetic lack of MMP‐9 impairs neutrophil infiltration during early zymosan‐induced peritonitis but at later stages (> 24 hr) neutrophils persist in the peritoneal cavity. Here we show that this is the result of impaired apoptosis of MMP‐9−/−‐derived leucocytes. As enhanced COX‐1 expression was reported in MMP‐9−/−mice, we evaluated the hypothesis that altered COX expression induced the above phenomenon as COX‐dependent prostaglandins can act either anti‐apoptotically (PGE2) or pro‐apoptotically (PGD2). The current data demonstrate that messenger RNA and protein expression of both COX isoforms and their activities are increased in MMP‐9−/−mice during late peritonitis. Application of selective COX inhibitors revealed enhanced COX‐1‐dependent PGE2production and impaired COX‐2‐dependent PGD2synthesis in MMP‐9−/−mice. Most importantly, inhibition of COX‐1 abolished prolonged neutrophil accumulation in the peritoneal cavity of MMP‐9−/−mice and increased apoptosis of inflammatory leucocytes. Similarly, weaker apoptosis of MMP‐9−/−bone marrow neutrophils treatedin vitrowith zymosan was reversed by COX‐1 inhibition. In conclusion, enhanced COX‐1 expression is responsible for persistent neutrophil presence in the peritoneum of MMP‐9−/−mice because of increased synthesis of anti‐apoptotic PGE2. In non‐transgenic mice, however, inflammatory leucocytes die apoptotically in the late stages of peritonitis as a result of COX‐2‐dependent PGD2activity. Overall, we show a dependence of COX expression on the presence of MMP‐9.
Natural killer cells in infection and inflammation of the lung
Authors: Culley Fiona J. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryThe lungs are a major site of entry of pathogens into the body and thus require rapid and effective innate responses to prevent pathogens establishing infection and to limit their spread. Additionally, the immune response in the lung must be tightly regulated such that pathogens are cleared, but immunopathology and chronic inflammation are prevented. In this review, I consider the role of natural killer (NK) cells in pulmonary infection and inflammation, specifically their contributions to influenza, tuberculosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which are major causes of morbidity and mortality world‐wide. Despite evidence of the importance of NK cells in these diseases, there are still major gaps in our understanding of how their function is regulated in this unique tissue environment. Understanding how different beneficial and detrimental effector functions of NK cells are triggered will be crucial if NK cells are to be exploited therapeutically in respiratory disease.
Increased number and function of natural killer cells in human immunodeficiency virus 1‐positive subjects co‐infected with herpes simplex virus 2
Authors: Long Brian R. , Erickson Ann E. , Chapman Joan M. , Barbour Jason D. , Vu Bien‐Aimee N. , Ho Emily L. , Lanier Lewis L. , Sauer Mariana M. , Carvalho Karina I. , Nixon Douglas F. , Kallas Esper G. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells bridge the interface between innate and adaptive immunity and are implicated in the control of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV‐2) infection. In subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1), the critical impact of the innate immune response on disease progression has recently come into focus. Higher numbers of NK cells are associated with lower HIV‐1 plasma viraemia. Individuals with the compound genotype of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) 3DS1 and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐Bw4‐80I, or who have alleles of KIR3DL1 that encode proteins highly expressed on the NK cell surface, have a significant delay in disease progression. We studied the effect of HSV‐2 co‐infection in HIV‐1‐infected subjects, and show that HSV‐2 co‐infection results in a pan‐lymphocytosis, with elevated absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and NK cells. The NK cells in HSV‐2 co‐infected subjects functioned more efficiently, with an increase in degranulation after in vitro stimulation. The number of NK cells expressing the activating receptors NKp30 and NKp46, and expressing KIR3DL1 or KIR3DS1, was inversely correlated with HIV‐1 plasma viral load in subjects mono‐infected with HIV‐1, but not in subjects co‐infected with HSV‐2. This suggests that HSV‐2 infection mediates changes within the NK cell population that may affect immunity in HIV‐1 infection.
Perturbation of the natural killer cell compartment during primary human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection primarily involving the CD56bright subset
Authors: Mantegani Paola , Tambussi Giuseppe , Galli Laura , Din Chiara Tassan , Lazzarin Adriano , Fortis Claudio 
Published: August 2009

SummaryWe investigated the distribution of natural killer (NK) cell subsets, their activating and inhibitory receptors, and their cytolytic potential, in primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected (PHI) individuals at baseline and during 1 year of follow‐up with or without antiretroviral therapy, and compared the results with those obtained in treatment‐naïve, chronically HIV‐infected (CHI) individuals, and HIV‐seronegative (HN) healthy individuals. The proportion of the CD56dim and CD56bright subsets decreased with disease progression, whereas that of the CD56− CD16+ subset increased. In the CD56dim subset, the proportion of cells with natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) decreased with disease progression, and their cytolytic potential was reduced. Conversely, the CD56bright subset was characterized by a high proportion of NCR‐positive, killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR)‐positive NKG2A+ cells in both CHI and PHI individuals, which was associated with an increase in their cytolytic potential. During the 1 year of follow‐up, the PHI individuals with high viraemia levels and low CD4+ T‐cell counts who received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had a similar proportion of NK subsets to CHI individuals, while patients with low viraemia levels and high CD4+ T‐cell counts who remained untreated had values similar to those of the HN individuals. Our results indicate a marked perturbation of the NK cell compartment during HIV‐1 infection that is multifaceted, starts early and is progressive, primarily involves the CD56bright subset, and is partially corrected by effective HAART.
Nurse‐led peer support group: experiences of women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Percy Carol A. , Gibbs Tineke , Potter Lj , Boardman Shirine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  Nurse‐led peer support group: experiences of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore the experiences of women with polycystic ovary syndrome attending a nurse‐led support group.Background.  Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common chronic endocrine disorder associated with high levels of psychological distress. It has been argued that healthcare providers should regularly review the psychological health of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and that nurses can help women to adjust to the condition by providing education and support. Little is known about the means of providing social support for women with the syndrome, or of any benefits for patients.Method.  Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 female patients in 2006. The patients attended a support group at a public hospital in the United Kingdom. The data were analysed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis.Findings.  The group provided both socio‐emotional and informational social support. Participants reported that attending the group helped to reduce isolation, and provided an opportunity for social comparison and accessible and personally relevant information. Participants described the group as having had a major personal impact for them. They reported feeling empowered and direct positive effects on their self‐management behaviours.Conclusion.  Social support appears to be a key factor mediating the psychosocial impact in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Healthcare providers should consider running such support groups or referring patients to them. Providing social support may alleviate distress and improve self‐management.
Community health: an evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Baisch Mary Jo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle. Community health: an evolutionary concept analysis.Aim. This paper is a report of a concept analysis of community health.Background. Community health is a term that has been broadly used in both research and practice. Although local communities are invested in community health improvement, this process often occurs without a clear definition of the concept of community health.Data sources. Data sources included a sample of 537 papers covering the period 1990 to 2004 and representing the disciplines of nursing, public health, medicine and sociology and landmark works concerning community health, six community health assessment instruments and interviews with seven key community health informants.Review methods. Rodgers’ Evolutionary Method of Concept Analysis was used to design the study and analyse the data. The professional literature was analysed and compared with the use of the concept of community health in community health assessment instruments and by key informants.Results. Dynamic and contextual, community health is achieved through participatory, community development processes based upon ecological models that address broad determinants of health. The primary focus of this collaborative work is population‐based health promotion and disease prevention.Conclusion. The definition derived from the concept analysis of community health makes explicit the importance of community‐based participatory action in local health improvement processes. Identification of the attributes of community health will enhance communication across disciplines involved in community health practice, research and education.
Abnormal proteolysis (DIC)—successful treatment with antithrombin III concentrate and a concentrate containing F XIII and native von Willebrand factor
Authors: DELSHAMMAR M. , LASSON Å. , NILSSON I.‐M. , OHLSSON K. , WALLMARK A. , VERNERSSON E. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Two patients with life‐threatening disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome, one caused by Gram‐negative bacteria and one by premature separation of the placenta, are described.Specific substitution was given by antithrombin III concentrate and AHF‐Kabi, a low purity factor VIII concentrate containing native von Willebrand factor and factor XIII. The treatment quickly returned the extremely low levels of antithrombin III, factor VIII; C, fibrinogen and factor XIII, initially found, to normal, and also returned the multimeric pattern of von Willebrand factor to normal. This resulted in diminished bleeding, enabling surgical treatment of the underlying disease.
Radiological heart enlargement in treated hypertensive men: a comparative study of chest X‐ray examination and M‐mode echocardiography
Authors: SAMUELSSON O. , HARTFORD M. , WILHELMSEN L. , BERGLUND G. , WIKSTRAND J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Twenty‐five hypertensives with no history of myocardial infarction and with a radiologically determined heart enlargement were examined with M‐mode echocardiography and compared with a normotensive control group (n = 41). All except two of the hypertensive patients were on a β‐blocker based antihypertensive treatment regime.The relative heart volume on X‐ray was significantly larger in the hypertensives, 562 ml m−2 body surface area (BSA), compared to the normotensives, 408 ml m−2 BSA (P < 0.001). Both left ventricular diameter (LVD) in end‐diastole and end‐systole and left arterial (LA) diameter were significantly larger in the hypertensives (56 vs. 51 mm, P < 0.01; 35 vs. 31mm, P < 0.01; 46 vs. 42 mm, P < 0.01. respectively) as was the LV mass (296 vs. 203 g, P < 0.001). The end‐systolic wall stress (ESWS) was significantly greater in the hypertensives. Despite these findings resting left ventricular fractional shortening was the same and showed a similar correlation with ESWS (r = 0.79 and r = 0.77, respectively) in both groups. Hence, left ventricular systolic performance was not impaired in the hypertensives compared to the normotensives.These results show that an enlarged cardiac silhouette on the chest X‐ray in hypertensive subjects with β‐blocker based drug therapy must be interpreted with caution and must not, a priori, be judged as a sign of an impaired systolic cardiac function.
Complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery: clinical and angiographic observations in five cases
Authors: SLUNGA L. , ERIKSSON P. , OSTERMAN G. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Involvement of the left main coronary artery is observed in approximately 5 to 8% of patients with coronary artery lesions detected by coronary angiography, but occlusion of the left main artery is a very infrequent finding. Out of approximately 4000 patients undergoing coronary angiography, four men and one woman, 37 to 60 years old, showed total occlusion of this vessel. Four of them had angina pectoris and three had had a myocardial infarction. All five showed deep ST depression in V2(or 3)‐6 during bicycle exercise testing. Apart from the left main artery occlusion, all had significant obstructive lesions in other coronary vessels, including the right coronary artery or its major branches. There was collateral circulation from the right coronary artery in all patients. Left ventricular function was well preserved in three patients and markedly impaired in two. Four patients underwent bypass surgery and they have been followed for 10 to 28 months. Three are free of angina and one has only minimal angina. One patient refused surgery and he continued to have severe angina despite intense medical treatment. He died suddenly after 30 months follow‐up.In patients with complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery, development of adequate collateral flow seems important in preserving left ventricular function, but collaterals are usually insufficient to prevent angina. Moreover, associated obstructive lesions in other coronary arteries constitute a potential threat to the collateral circulation. Effective symptomatic relief is obtained by coronary bypass grafting, and revascularization may also improve prognosis in this subset of patients with coronary heart disease.
Changes in serum phosphate during β‐blockade in healthy men are not due to changes in the renal handling of phosphate
Authors: KAYSER L. , PERRILD H. , JØRGENSEN B. , FOGH‐ANDERSEN N. , HANSEN J. E. MØLHOLM 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphate, ionized calcium, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine and the urinary excretion of phosphate and creatinine were studied after 1 and 3 weeks β‐blockade in 32 young healthy men given either atenolol at 50 mg. metoprolol at 100 mg, propranolol at 80 mg or placebo twice a day.After 1 week treatment serum phosphate (mean (range)) increased in the propranolol‐treated subjects (1.17 (0.99–1.30) to 1.32 (1.08–1.71) mmol l−1 (P = 0.03), minor changes were found in the atenolol and the metoprolol‐treated subjects but not in the placebo group. Serum phosphate was unchanged compared to pretreatment values after 3 weeks. Renal clearance and urinary excretion of phosphate and creatinine was unchanged after both 1 and 3‐weeks treatment.Serum PTH, ionized calcium, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase were unchanged in all groups, whereas serum urate and creatinine increased in the metoprolol‐treated subjects after both 1 and 3 weeks.
Serum levels of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) I, II and IGF binding protein in diabetic adolescents treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
Authors: HALL K. , JOHANSSON B. L. , PÓVOA G. , THALME B. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. IGF‐I and IGF‐II as well as the low molecular type of IGF binding protein (IGFPB) were determined in serum from 11 adolescents with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) during a cross‐over study with conventional and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CIT and CSII) therapy. At the onset of the study the mean IGF‐I level, 127 ± 15 ng ml−1, was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in comparison with age‐matched controls, whereas the mean IGF‐II level, 1024 ± 48 ng ml−1. was increased. A significant correlation (r = 0.70, P < 0.05) was found between IGF‐II and HbA1c levels. The mean morning level of IGFBP, 75 ± 17 ng ml−1, at the onset of the study, was increased threefold above that in age‐matched controls (P < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between IGFBP and blood glucose values (r = 0.66, P < 0.05). During CSII therapy a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of the IGFBP levels was seen in subjects with a decrease in glucose levels, whereas no change was observed in IGF levels.The findings of elevated IGF‐II and IGFBP levels and correlations between IGFBP and blood glucose concentration as well as IGF‐II and HbA1c levels in adolescents with IDDM indicate that both IGF‐II and IGFBP reflect a deranged metabolism caused by inadequate insulin administration.
Prevalence of femoral atherosclerosis in asymptomatic men with hyperlipoproteinaemia
Authors: RUHN G. , ERIKSON U. , OLSSON A. G. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Sixty‐two male subjects with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia of type IIA (n = 18), type IIB (n = 18) or type IV (n = 24) underwent femoral arteriography to investigate the degree of atherosclerosis. All except two were free from symptoms of peripheral arterial disease. The presence of atheroma was determined according to a standardized consensus procedure based on visual interpretation. Atherosclerosis were graded by means of a scoring system, whereby an overall atherosclerosis score (OAS) was calculated for each patient, based on four consecutive segments of the femoral artery. Thirteen type IIA (72%), 14 type IIB (78%) and 18 type IV (75%) patients had femoral atherosclerosis, and the mean OAS in the patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia of these types were 0.58, 0.75 and 0.49, respectively, all with a standard error of the mean about 0.05. The atherosclerosis score increased the more distal the arterial segment, being most prevalent in the lower inferior segment. The OAS was higher in patients of above median age, in those with systolic or diastolic blood pressure above the median and in smokers. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that low density lipoproteins cholesterol was highly significantly related to OAS among smokers.In conclusion, femoral atherosclerosis is a prevalent finding in asymptomatic subjects with hyperlipoproteinaemia and could serve as a basis for intervention studies.
Elemental diet: a therapeutic approach in chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: LARSEN P. MUNKHOLM , RASMUSSEN D. , RØNN B. , MUNCK O. , ELMGREEN J. , BINDER V. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. The therapeutic effect of an elemental diet (Pepti 2000®) and blended normal diet (placebo) was investigated in 43 out‐patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); 24 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 19 with Crohn's disease (CD), in a mild to moderate state of disease activity. A pilot study on healthy volunteers was executed to investigate palatability of the two diets.The patients were randomized in a double‐blind study to the two diet regimes for 14 d. A simultaneous determination of laboratory data including plasma C3c split product and urinary excretion of 51Cr‐EDTA was carried out together with a careful registration of the clinical symptoms and signs. No significant effect on the stage of clinical activity was seen in CD. A significant effect on clinical activity was obtained in both UC groups. The clinical improvement was primarily due to a decrease in number of bowel movements both in the elemental diet group and in the group of patients on the blended normal diet. The gross appearance of rectal mucosa did not improve during the study period in the Pepti 2000 or in the placebo group. The concentration of complement split products in plasma remained unchanged. 51Cr‐EDTA excretion, as an expression of a leaky bowel mucosa, also remained unchanged. It was concluded that an effect on inflammation could not be demonstrated even if both diets seem to have a beneficial effect on the stage of clinical activity, especially diarrhoea, in patients with UC.
Fatty acid composition of serum lipids in patients with a coronary bypass operation
Authors: MARNIEMI J. , LEHTONEN A. , INBERG M. , NIITTYMÄKI K. , MAATELA J. , ALANEN E. , SEPPÄNEN A. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters was analysed in 71 male patients with angiographically defined three‐vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) selected for a coronary bypass operation. Their 71 control subjects were matched according to age, sex, smoking, relative weight, and absence of CAD.The concentrations of fatty acids, 14:0, 16:0 and 16:1 of the serum phospholipids, were significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) higher in CAD patients than in the controls. On the other hand, linoleic (18:2Ω6), linolenic (18:3Ω3) and arachidonic (20:4Ω6) acids were at a significantly lower level in the patients when compared to the controls. The polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (P/S) ratio in serum phospholipids was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the patients than in the controls. In the cholesteryl ester fraction the results paralleled those of the phospholipids. Significant correlations were obtained between the polyunsaturated fatty acids and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol or apolipoprotein A‐I in the control subjects but most of these correlations were absent in the patients.Our present results further support the importance of linoleic acid in the protection against atherosclerosis. However, no unequivocal evidence on the possible beneficial effect of long‐chain Ω3‐fatty acids in comparison with Ω6‐acids was obtained.
Prevalence of benign oesophageal disease in the Danish population with special reference to pulmonary disease
Authors: ANDERSEN L. I. , JENSEN G. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract.A population sample, selected at random after stratification for the presence of pulmonary disease, was examined for benign oesophageal disease by means of a mailed questionnaire, which has been described in a previous report.Eight hundred and nine subjects without pulmonary disease, 264 with chronic bronchitis, and 248 with bronchial asthma answered the questionnaire. Subjects answering affirmatively to a discriminating combination of questions, as well as some of the participants with single symptoms and randomly selected controls without oesophageal symptoms, were invited to a clinical examination (n= 346). One hundred and seventy‐five subjects accepted an invasive investigation, 86 without pulmonary disease and 89 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was performed in 169 subjects, while 168 underwent pressure measurements of the oesophagus, and 113 had oesophageal 12‐h pH measurements taken.On the basis of accepted definitions we found 114 subjects with benign oesophageal disease. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the discriminating combination in the non‐COPD and COPD groups were 73.9%/42.9% and 89.5%/47.1% respectively. The predictive accuracy of the questionnaire in the non‐COPD and COPD group was 0.41 and 0.56, respectively. Prevalence rates of benign oesophageal disease in the non‐COPD and the COPD groups were 34.5% (20–49%) and 44.5% (34–55%) respectively (P< 0.001). We estimated the prevalence rate in the general population to be about 30%.