bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Early Intervention with Florfenicol on a Streptococcus iniae Infection in Blue Tilapia
Authors: Darwish Ahmed M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A study was performed to assess the efficacy of feeding a florfenicol (FFC)-medicated diet to control experimental Streptococcus iniae infection in blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus. Tested doses of FFC were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 mg of active ingredient per kilogram of fish body weight (BW) per day. Fish were subjected to waterborne S. iniae exposure after skin scraping, and administration of medicated feed started at 6 h postchallenge and continued for 10 consecutive days, followed by a 12-d posttreatment observation period. Administration of FFC-medicated feed for 10 d significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the survival of S. iniae-infected blue tilapia from 19% in the challenged, nonmedicated positive control group to 94, 96, 99, and 98% in the 5-, 10-, 15-, and 30-mg/kg FFC treatment groups, respectively. The survival rates of the different FFC-medicated treatment groups were not significantly different. At the conclusion of the experiment, no S. iniae carriers were detected in any challenged group receiving the FFC-medicated diet, while the bacterium was recovered from the S. iniae-challenged, nonmedicated survivors of the infection. This study suggests that using FFC at 10 mg/kg BW daily for 10 d is an effective treatment against S. iniae infection in blue tilapia.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Agent AquaFrin as a Bactericide and Selective Algicide for Use in Channel Catfish Aquaculture
Authors: Schrader Kevin K , Bommer Jerry C , Jori Giulio 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Producers of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in the southeastern United States can experience huge economic losses due to enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris disease and to the presence of certain odor-producing cyanobacteria in production ponds that result in “off-flavor” channel catfish. AquaFrin (lauryl methyl pyrifrin), a product currently being evaluated for commercial use, belongs to a class of porphyrins that have been shown to be very effective as antibacterial agents. As a preliminary step to assess the potential use of AquaFrin as a therapeutant against ESC and columnaris, we used a rapid bioassay to evaluate AquaFrin for antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri (etiological agent of ESC), two genotypes of the Gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium columnare (etiological agent of columnaris disease), and the representative Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (American Type Culture Collection 29213) for comparison. In addition, we performed a bioassay-directed evaluation of AquaFrin for selective toxicity toward the musty cyanobacterium Planktothrix perornata. AquaFrin was found to possess antibacterial activity toward all tested bacteria and yielded the following minimal inhibitory concentration results: 0.5 mg/L for F. columnare isolate ALM-00-173, 1.0 mg/L for F. columnare isolate BioMed, 0.1 mg/L for S. aureus, and 9.8 mg/L for E. ictaluri. The range of 96-h 50% inhibition concentrations (0.07–0.2 mg/L) for AquaFrin toward P. perornata and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum indicates strong potential for its use as a broad-spectrum algicide.
Morphology, Phylogeny, Evolution, and Dispersal of Pelecinid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) Over 165 Million Years
Authors: Shih Chungkun , Feng Hua , Liu Chenxi , Zhao Yunyun , Ren Dong 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Large female pelecinid wasps, elegant and beautiful with uniquely elongated metasoma, are found only in North, Central, and South America. These distinctive wasps are “living fossils” in a relict family of Pelecinidae. Recent discoveries of well preserved pelecinid fossils from the Middle Jurassic (165 Mya) to the Early Cretaceous (125 Mya) of northeastern China, of which Megapelecinus changi gen. et sp. nov. and Megapelecinus nashi, sp. nov. are described herein, provide strong evidence for morphological changes and evolution of pelecinids, such as body size, antennae and wing venation, over the past ≈165 million years. A phylogenetic analysis using 22 morphological characters, 12 extinct pelecinid taxa and one extant pelecinid taxon at the generic level suggests that Megapelecinus gen. nov. is the most basal pelecinid, whereas CathaypelecinusShih, Liu et Ren 2009, ArchaeopelecinusShih, Liu et Ren 2009, and IscopinusKozlov, 1974 forming a basal clade. Natural selection is demonstrated in pelecinids by the preference of larger female body size offering potentially better ovipositing capability and more efficient forewing venation with an X pattern providing potentially stronger wing structure and better flight performance for large-sized pelecinids. Furthermore, temporal and spatial analyses indicate that the most parsimonious hypothesis is that pelecinid might have originated from Northeastern China, spread to Central and Eastern Asia, and then dispersed to Americas.
Patterns of Genetic Variation and Host Adaptation in an Invasive Population of Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Valenzuela Isabel , Ridland Peter M , Weeks Andrew R , Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Adaptive changes to local conditions are often thought to be required for successful invasions. However, there are also successful invasive asexual species that may have limited potential for evolutionary change. The bird cherry-oat aphid, Bhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is thought to have been introduced in Australia 100 yr ago and is now an established pest of cereal crops. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and nuclear microsatellites to characterize the genetic diversity in invasive R. padi. Asexual reproduction was detected and clonal diversity was low; with two multilocus genotypes, Rp1 and Rp2, dominating all populations. No geographic or host association was detected between the dominant genotypes on cereals but Rp2 was not found on sweet corn, Zea mays L., crops. The fitness of the predominant multilocus genotypes, Rp1 and Rp2, and an uncommon genotype, Rp26, were investigated on different host types (wheat | Triticum aestivum L. |, barley |Hordeum vulgare L. |, triticale | × Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus. |, and sweet corn | Zea mays L. var. rugosa|) at two temperatures. Rp1 and Rp2 performed similarly on cereals and Rp26 performed poorly on all hosts, patterns that might explain field distributions and abundance of these clones. The results suggest that a high level of clonal diversity is not required for successful invasion and that host associations may develop despite low diversity.
Fitness of Diabrotica barberi, Diabrotica longicornis, and Their Hybrids (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Campbell Laura A , Meinke Lance J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, the northern corn rootworm, and Diabrotica longicornis (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), are currently recognized as closely related chrysomelid species. Hybridization has been proposed to occur between them, although the viability of hybrids has never been tested. The objective of this study was to assess life-history parameters of D. barberi, D. longicornis, and their hybrids under laboratory conditions to examine the potential for field hybridization. D. barberi and D. longicornis were collected in allopatry and were used to create lab colonies. Parental species were crossed to obtain F1 hybrids, F2 hybrids, and backcrosses to either parental species. Various life-history traits, which may contribute to overall fitness, were measured, and population growth rates were calculated for all crosses. D. barberi had greater reproductive potential than D. longicornis, but D. longicornis individuals lived longer than D. barberi individuals. In other traits, the two parental species were similar. The fitness of hybrids of a D. longicornis female and D. barberi male, as estimated by reproduction, survival, developmental time, longevity, and head capsule width, was similar to that of the parental species. Hybrids of a D. barberi female and D. longicornis male demonstrated consistently poor egg viability, low survival, and shortened adult life span. The cause of the hybrid unidirectionality is unknown, but these data collectively suggest that hybrids of a D. longicornis female and D. barberi male and F2 backcrosses with parentals could potentially be as viable as either parental species and contribute to population growth under field conditions.
Cryptic Diversity in the Aspidiotus nerii Complex in Australia
Authors: Andersen Jeremy C , Gruwell Matthew E , Morse Geoffrey E , Normark Benjamin B 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), oleander scale, is a cosmopolitan pest that feeds on &gt;100 families of plants. A previous study of mitochondrial DNA variation in A. nerii suggested a possible Australian origin for the species. Here, we expand upon that study to include four gene regions and multiple Australian samples. We sequenced fragments of three nuclear genes (CAD, elongation factor 1α, and 28S rDNA) and one mitochondrial region (spanning parts of cytochrome oxidase I and II), for a total aligned sequence length of 2448 bp, from 22 individuals identified as A. nerii. We infer an allele genealogy for each gene region, and we interpret branches that are congruent across gene regions as indicative of species boundaries. Using this criterion, we recognize three species within our sample of A. nerii. One of these corresponds to the cosmopolitan pest species and the other two are found only in Australia. The two putative Australian species have overlapping ranges and both are found on multiple hosts. Contrary to previous suggestions, the cosmopolitan sexual and parthenogenetic lineages of A. nerii are not recognized as distinct species by both of our methods of phylogenetic reconstruction. Cryptic diversity within what seem to be single cosmopolitan armored scale insect species is a potential serious problem for plant quarantine.
Biochemical markers for the assessment of aquatic environment contamination
Authors: Havelková Marcela , Randák Tomáš , Blahová Jana , Slatinská Iveta , Svobodová Zdeňka 
Published: November 2010

Biochemical markers for the assessment of aquatic environment contaminationThe need for assessment of aquatic ecosystem contamination and of its impact on water dwelling organisms was developed in response to rising aquatic environmental pollution. In this field study, liver enzymes of phase I and phase II of xenobiotic transformation, namely cytochrome P450, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, glutathione-S-transferase and tripeptide glutathione were used to assess the contamination of the aquatic environment at different rivers in the Czech Republic. The indicator species selected was the male chub (Leuciscus cephalusL.) and male brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Chemical analyses included also the assessment of the most important inductors of previously mentioned biochemical markers. The major inductors of monitored biomarkers are industrial contaminants which belong to a large group of organic pollutants (PCB, PAH, PCDD/F, DDT, HCH, HCB and OCS), persistent in the environment. Four different groups of river basins were assessed: the River Tichá Orlice and its tributary the Kralický brook; important tributaries of the River Elbe (the rivers Orlice, Chrudimka, Cidlina, Jizera, Vltava, Ohře and Bílina); major rivers in the Czech Republic (the rivers Lužnice, Otava, Sázava, Berounka, Vltava, Labe, Ohře, Svratka, Dyje, Morava and Odra) and the River Vltava. The use of the biochemical markers together with chemical analyses seems to be an effective way to monitor the quality of aquatic environment.
Digital System for Detection and Location of Miners Trapped in Hard Coalmines - GLOP2
Authors: Burnos Piotr , Gajda Janusz , Maj Piotr 
Published: November 2010

Digital System for Detection and Location of Miners Trapped in Hard Coalmines - GLOP2
Paper deals with the new localizer GLOP2 designed for detection of the miners trapped in underground hard coal mines. The results of a field test conducted in coal mine BOBREK show that the presented localizer allows for efficient measurement of the distance between a trapped miner and the rescuer in the range of up to 15 m.
Linear Dynamic System Identification in the Frequency Domain Using Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Janiczek Tomasz , Janiczek Janusz 
Published: November 2010

Linear Dynamic System Identification in the Frequency Domain Using Fractional DerivativesThis paper presents a study of the Fourier transform method for parameter identification of a linear dynamic system in the frequency domain using fractional differential equations. Fundamental definitions of fractional differential equations are briefly outlined. The Fourier transform method of identification and their algorithms are generalized so that they include fractional derivatives and integrals.
Pharmacists’ Beliefs About Treatments and Outcomes of Mental Disorders: A Mental Health Literacy Survey
Authors: O'Reilly Claire L. , Simon Bell J. , Chen Timothy F. 
Published: November 2010

Objectives: To assess the beliefs of pharmacists about the helpfulness of interventions for schizophrenia and depression. Methods: A survey instrument containing a measure of mental health literacy was mailed to a random sample of 2000 pharmacists registered with the Pharmacy Board of New South Wales in November 2009. Vignettes of a person with either depression or psychosis were presented, followed by questions related to the recognition of the disorder, the helpfulness of various interventions, prognosis with and without professional help, the person's long-term functioning in various social roles and the likelihood of the person being discriminated against. Results: A total of 391 responses were received (response rate 19.5%). The majority of pharmacists correctly identified depression (92%) with fewer recognizing schizophrenia (79%). Pharmacists rated medicine use highly for both schizophrenia and depression but were also positive about the use of psychological therapies and lifestyle interventions. Pharmacists had negative views about admission to a psychiatric ward and the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). However, younger pharmacists had significantly more positive views on the use of ECT (p = 0.001). The majority of pharmacists (74%) thought discrimination by the community was highly likely and rated long-term prognosis as poor without appropriate professional help. Their views on the likelihood of specific negative outcomes were mixed, with many pharmacists not recognizing the risk of suicide in schizophrenia and depression. However, both female (p = 0.002) and younger pharmacists (p < 0.001) were significantly more inclined to rate the likelihood of suicide as more likely in a person with schizophrenia or depression. Conclusions: The majority of pharmacists had a high degree of mental health literacy as indicated by the correct identification of, and support for evidence-based interventions for mental illnesses. Pharmacists should be aware that their attitudes and stigma towards mental illness may impact on the patient care they provide.
Practitioner Perceptions of Skills for Psychological Recovery: A Training Programme for Health Practitioners in the Aftermath of the Victorian Bushfires
Authors: Forbes David , Fletcher Susan , Wolfgang Bronwyn , Varker Tracey , Creamer Mark , Brymer Melissa J. , Ruzek Josef I. , Watson Patricia , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: November 2010

Objective: Following the February 2009 Victorian bushfires, Australia's worst natural disaster, the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, in collaboration with key trauma experts, developed a three-tiered approach to psychological recovery initiatives for survivors with training specifically designed for each level. The middle level intervention, designed for delivery by allied health and primary care practitioners for survivors with ongoing mild-moderate distress, involved a protocol still in draft form called Skills for Psychological Recovery (SPR). SPR was developed by the US National Center for PTSD and US National Child Traumatic Stress Network. This study examined health practitioner perceptions of the training in, and usefulness of, SPR. Methods: From a range of disciplines 342 health practitioners attended one of 25 one-day workshops on the delivery of SPR. Perceptions of evidence-based care and attitudes to manualized interventions were assessed at the commencement of the workshop. Following the workshop, participants’ perceptions of their confidence in applying, and perceived usefulness of, each module were assessed. A subset of 20 participants recorded their ongoing use of SPR recording 61 cases. Results: The vast majority of participants rated the SPR modules as useful for survivors of disasters and expressed confidence in implementing the intervention following the training. Participants’ pre-workshop attitudes towards evidence-based care and manualized interventions affected their perceptions of the usefulness of the protocol. The ‘Promoting positive activities’ and ‘Rebuilding healthy social connections’ modules were least influenced by variations in these perceptions. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that SPR is perceived by health providers from varying disciplines and paradigms as an acceptable and useful intervention for disaster survivors with moderate levels of mental health difficulties. Future SPR dissemination efforts may benefit from focusing on modules with the strongest evidence base and which are most amenable to practitioner acceptance and uptake.
Mental Health First Aid Training by e-Learning: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jorm Anthony F. , Kitchener Betty A. , Fischer Julie-Anne , Cvetkovski Stefan 
Published: November 2010

Objective: Mental Health First Aid training is a course for the public that teaches how to give initial help to a person developing a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis. The present study evaluated the effects of Mental Health First Aid training delivered by e-learning on knowledge about mental disorders, stigmatizing attitudes and helping behaviour. Method: A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 262 members of the Australian public. Participants were randomly assigned to complete an e-learning CD, read a Mental Health First Aid manual or be in a waiting list control group. The effects of the interventions were evaluated using online questionnaires pre- and post-training and at 6-months follow up. The questionnaires covered mental health knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes, confidence in providing help to others, actions taken to implement mental health first aid and participant mental health. Results: Both e-learning and the printed manual increased aspects of knowledge, reduced stigma and increased confidence compared to waiting list. E-learning also improved first aid actions taken more than waiting list, and was superior to the printed manual in reducing stigma and disability due to mental ill health. Conclusions: Mental Health First Aid information received by either e-learning or printed manual had positive effects, but e-learning was better at reducing stigma.
A Naturally Occurring, Soluble Antagonist of Human IL-23 Inhibits the Development and In Vitro Function of Human Th17 Cells
Authors: Yu Raymond Y. , Gallagher Grant 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Th17 CD4 cells are critical to inflammation. Their secretion of IL-17 drives inflammation in human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Differentiation of mature Th17 cells depends on stimulation with IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-21 and the induction of RORγt, but IL-23 is essential to Th17 phenotype, stability, and function. Induction of Th17 cells can be antagonized by IL-4 or IFN-γ, but mechanisms through which terminal differentiation can be inhibited have not been identified. Human IL-23Rα (HuIL23Rα)-chain mRNA transcripts exist that lack exon 9 (“Δ9”); these are translated to a truncated receptor containing the entire external domain. This soluble variant of the HuIL23Rα-chain antagonizes Th17 maturation. It is secreted and present at low levels in the blood. It represents 10% of HuIL23Rα-chain mRNA, binds IL-23 in solution, and inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 caused by IL-23. In in vitro Th17 cell differentiation experiments, Δ9 inhibits the production of the Th17-associated cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F. Δ9 does not bind IL-12; thus, it is a specific inhibitor of IL-23 and a modulator of Th17 cells. Our results indicate that this soluble form of HuIL23Rα likely functions to regulate Th17 activity.
Anti‐Estrogen‐Loaded Superparamagnetic Liposomes for Intracellular Magnetic Targeting and Treatment of Breast Cancer Tumors
Authors: Plassat Vincent , Wilhelm Claire , Marsaud Véronique , Ménager Christine , Gazeau Florence , Renoir Jack‐Michel , Lesieur Sylviane 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe selective delivery of the steroid anti‐estrogen RU 58668 (RU) to human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells by using nanoscaled hybrid liposomes, labelled with rhodamine, coated by poly(ethylene glycol) and entrapping superparamagnetic nanocrystals of maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) was investigated. Stable drug incorporation within the vesicle bilayer was ascertained by differential scanning calorimetry and small‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The study of the interactions with living tumor cells of the magnetic‐fluid‐loaded liposomes containing RU molecules (RU‐MFLs) showed a significant improvement in RU‐MLF uptake through their guidance by a magnetic field gradient of 155 T m−1 produced by a 0.44 T external magnet placed in the near vicinity of the cells. RU‐MFLs enter the cells by endocytosis, as revealed by electron microscopy, and greatly accumulate therein as intact structures, as supported by confocal fluorescence microscopy images, which revealed a lipid vesicle pathway, as well as by independent iron oxide quantification by magnetophoresis or electron spin resonance. Inhibition assay of estradiol‐induced transcription of the luciferase reporter gene in MELN cells confirmed that RU anti‐estrogenic activity was entirely preserved upon its liposome‐mediated intracellular uptake. This work provides a proof of concept of intracellular magnetic targeting of a therapeutic substance by means of superparamagnetic liposomes, which is especially promising as a tool for cancer therapy.
Nano‐fibers produced by viral infection of amoeba visualized by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Kuznetsov Yurii G. , McPherson Alexander 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the course of an atomic force microscopy investigation of mimivirus, we observed that disrupted virions released masses of fibers that were several hundreds of nanometers in length and that could not be explained as nucleic acid or polysaccharide. The fibers exhibited a strong 7 nm periodicity along their lengths. They existed singly, and also as ribbons, cables, and in multi stranded coils. In the aggregate structures, the periodic bands of the individual fibers aligned laterally to produce ribbons and other superstructures having a corresponding pattern of 7 nm periodic transverse bands. We have not observed such fibers in studies of other virus and cellular systems. The fibers are mechanically flexible and resistant to breakage. Occasionally fibers were associated with toroidal protein complexes, assumed to be processive enzyme complexes, apparently in the act of modifying the fibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 234–239, 2011.
ChemInform Abstract: SrAu0.5Pt0.5 and CaAu0.5Pt0.5, Analogues to the Respective Ba Compound, but Featuring Purely Intermetallic Behavior.
Authors: Saltykov Vyacheslav , Nuss Juergen , Konuma Mitsuharu , Jansen Martin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe title compounds are obtained from mixtures of the corresponding elements (Ta tube, Ar, 1223 K, 2 d) and characterized by single crystal XRD, ESCA, electrical resistivity, and magnetic measurements.