bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The age of carbonatites and mafic rocks (SHRIMP II and Rb-Sr dating) from the Oshurkovo apatite-bearing pluton (western Transbaikalia)
Authors: Ripp G.S. , Doroshkevich A.G. , Posokhov V.F. , Izbrodin I.A. , Konopel’ko D.L. , Sergeev S.A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The paper presents geochronological data on silicate and endogenic carbonate rocks from the Oshurkovo apatite-bearing pluton, namely, the U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochron ages of gabbros and carbonatites.
The U-Pb age of the carbonatites from this pluton (126.55 ± 0.85 Ma) is close to that of the other carbonatite occurrences in southwestern Transbaikalia. Also, its similarity to the age of the gabbro (125.4 ± 2 Ma), which makes up the bulk of the pluton, suggests that these rocks are comagmatic.
VII. Ightham Mote: Politics and Architecture in Early Tudor England
Authors: Starkey David 
Published: April 2011

Ightham Mote in Kent is one of the most beautiful of English country houses; it is also one of the most important. It stands at the foot of a steep hill, four-square and surrounded by the moat that gives it its name. Directly from the water rises the picturesquely irregular exterior. Most of the lower courses and the whole west or gatehouse front are of Kentish ragstone; much of the upper storey, however, is half-timbered. This mixture reveals the chief fact in the history of the house. It is a late medieval building, extensively remodelled in the early sixteenth century (pl. LII).The works were carried out by Sir Richard Clement, a minor Tudor courtier (pl. LIII a), and they embody his political and social ambitions with remarkable faithfulness. At the same time, the clarity of Clement's statement reflects back on his own society and raises important questions about the nature of both early Tudor art and politics and the relationship between them. I begin by tracing Clement's career to the time of his purchase of Ightham Mote; then the rebuilding of the house is described and its decorations placed within the context of the early Tudor court style; finally, the possible political significance of the style is explored, partly in terms of its origins and partly through an account of Clement's later career as a Kentish gentleman.
Image analysis of expanding laser-produced lithium plasma plume in variable transverse magnetic field
Authors: Kumar Ajai , George Sony , Singh R.K. , Joshi Hem , Nampoori V.P.N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractUsing fast imaging technique, the effect of transverse magnetic field on the shape and dynamics of the lithium plasma plume has been studied. Enhancement in the overall emission intensity as well as appearance of distinct structures (lobes) in the plasma plume in the presence of magnetic field has been observed. By introducing a variable magnetic field, the influence of J × B force in expanding plasma plume across the transverse magnetic field has been explored. It appears that J × B force does not has a substantial role in the observed structures in the present case rather different atomic processes, which get affected due to change in plasma parameters, are responsible for appearance of these structures.
Enhanced Manual and Oral Motor Reaction Time in Young Adult Female Fragile X Premutation Carriers
Authors: Goodrich-Hunsaker Naomi J. , Wong Ling M. , McLennan Yingratana , Tassone Flora , Harvey Danielle , Rivera Susan M. , Simon Tony J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA previous study reported preliminary results of enhanced processing of simple visual information in the form of faster reaction times, in female fragile X premutation carriers (fXPCs). In this study, we assessed manual and oral motor reaction times in 30 female fXPCs and 20 neurotypical (NT) controls. Participants completed two versions of the reaction time task; one version required a manual motor response and the other version required an oral motor response. Results revealed that the female fXPCs displayed faster reaction times for both manual and oral motor responses relative to NT controls. Molecular measures including CGG repeat length, FMR1 mRNA levels, and age were not associated with performance in either group. Given previously reported age and CGG repeat modulated performance on a magnitude comparison task in this same group of premutation carriers, results from the current study seem to suggest that female fXPCs may have spared basic psychomotor functionality. (JINS, 2011, 17, 746–750)
Still not digging, much
Authors: Cherry John F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe impulse to keep excavating, set against widespread failures to publish in a timely manner, has created a crisis of confidence for archaeology. This is especially so in Europe and North America, where contract archaeology has witnessed dramatic growth in recent decades, but it is not universally the case. Far from being the defining practice of the discipline, excavation is not the only technique for generating data relevant to archaeological problems and, ideally, should be deployed as one element in multi-stage, multi-scalar fieldwork strategies. In any given situation in different parts of the world, many locally specific factors affect the role and relative importance of excavation. Examples are given from the author's recent fieldwork in Greece, southern Armenia and the eastern Caribbean.
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza in Hospitalized Children in Manitoba: Nosocomial Transmission and Lessons Learned from the First Wave
Authors: Fanella Sergio T. , Pinto Michelle A. , Bridger Natalie A. , Bullard Jared M. P. , Coombs Jennifer M. L. , Crockett Maryanne E. , Olekson Karen L. , Poliquin Philippe G. , Caeseele Paul G. Van , Embree Joanne E. 
Published: April 2011

Objective.To review the experiences at Winnipeg Children's Hospital (WCH) during the 2009 influenza season, with an emphasis on nosocomial transmission and infection prevention and control responses.Design.A case series of patients admitted to WCH who had laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza between January 1 and July 31, 2009, with a comparison of patients with seasonal influenza and those with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza; a review of the impact of infection prevention and control modifications on nosocomial transmission.Patients and Setting.A total of 104 inpatients with influenza, 81 of whom had pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza, were reviewed at a large Canadian pediatric tertiary care center.Results.There were no differences in risk factors, presentation, or outcome between patients with seasonal influenza and those with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. There were 8 nosocomial cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Excluding patients with nosocomial cases, mean length of hospital stay was significantly shortened to 3.7 days for individuals who had pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza and who received empiric oseltamivir on admission to the hospital, compared with 12.0 days for patients for whom treatment was delayed (P = .02). Treatment with oseltamivir of all patients with suspected cases of influenza and prompt modifications to infection control practices, including playroom closures and enhanced education of visitors and staff, terminated nosocomial transmission.Conclusions.Infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus resulted in a substantial number of hospitalizations of pediatric patients in Manitoba, including those with nosocomial cases, thereby stressing the capacity of WCH. Immediate therapy with oseltamivir on admission to the hospital resulted in a significantly reduced length of hospitalization. This, coupled with intensified infection prevention and control practices, halted nosocomial transmission. These strategies should be considered in future pandemic influenza or other respiratory viral outbreaks.
Systematic Review of Measurement and Adjustment for Colonization Pressure in Studies of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci, andClostridium difficileAcquisition
Authors: Ajao Adebola O. , Harris Anthony D. , Roghmann Mary-Claire , Johnson J. Kristie , Zhan Min , McGregor Jessina C. , Furuno Jon P. 
Published: April 2011

Objective.Colonization pressure is an important infection control metric. The aim of this study was to describe the definition and measurement of and adjustment for colonization pressure in nosocomial-acquisition risk factor studies of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), andClostridium difficile.Methods.We performed a computerized search of studies of nosocomial MRSA, VRE, andC. difficileacquisition published before July 1, 2009, through MEDLINE. Studies were included if a study outcome was MRSA, VRE, orC. difficileacquisition; the authors identified risk factors associated with MRSA, VRE, orC. difficileacquisition; and the study measured colonization pressure.Results.The initial MEDLINE search yielded 505 articles. Sixty-six of these were identified as studies of nosocomial MRSA, VRE, orC. difficileacquisition; of these, 18 (27%) measured colonization pressure and were included in the final review. The definition of colonization pressure varied considerably between studies: the proportion of MRSA- or VRE-positive patients (5 studies), the proportion of MRSA- or VRE-positive patient-days (6 studies), or the total or mean number of MRSA-, VRE-, orC. difficile-positive patients or patient-days (7 studies) in the unit over periods of varying length. In 10 of 13 studies, colonization pressure was independently associated with MRSA, VRE, orC. difficileacquisition.Conclusion.There is a need for a simple and consistent method to quantify colonization pressure in both research and routine clinical care to accurately assess the effect of colonization pressure on cross-transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Current Strategies for Managing Providers Infected with Bloodborne Pathogens
Authors: Turkel Sarah , Henderson David K. 
Published: April 2011

Background.In 1991 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued guidelines to reduce risks for provider-to-patient transmission of bloodborne pathogens. These guidelines, unchanged since 1991, recommend management strategies for hepatitis B e antigen-positive providers and for providers infected with human immunodeficiency virus; they do not address hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected providers.Objective.We summarized current state practices and surveyed state health departments to determine (1) whether state policies have been modified since 1991; (2) whether state laws require prospective notification of patients and/or expert review panels to manage infected providers; (3) the frequency with which infected-providers issues come to the attention of state health departments; and (4) how state health departments intervene.Methods.We reviewed the 50 states' laws and guidelines to determine current practices and conducted a structured telephone survey of all state health departments.Results.Whereas only 19 states require infected providers to notify patients of the providers’ bloodborne pathogen infection, these 19 states require notification under highly varied circumstances. Only 10 of 50 state health department officials identified these issues as requiring significant departmental effort. No state law or guideline incorporates information about providers’ viral burdens as part of the risk assessment. Only 3 of 50 states have modified policies or laws since initial passage, and only 1 of 50 discusses the management of HCV-infected providers.Conclusions.These results identify a need for incorporating contemporary scientific information into guidelines and also suggest that infected-provider issues are not occurring commonly, are not being detected, or are being managed at levels below the state health department.
Perceptions and Influence of a Hospital Influenza Vaccination Policy
Authors: Daugherty Elizabeth L. , Speck Kathleen A. , Rand Cynthia S. , Perl Trish M. 
Published: April 2011

Objective.Seasonal influenza is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States each year. Healthcare worker (HCW) influenza vaccination is associated with both decreased absenteeism among employees and improved outcomes among patients. However, HCW influenza vaccine uptake remains suboptimal. The objective of this study was to characterize HCWs' understanding of and response to a stringent vaccination policy.Design, Setting, and Participants.A survey of 928 hospital staff at a tertiary academic medical center in Baltimore during the 2008-2009 influenza season.Results.Of those surveyed, 75% (n = 695) completed the survey; 623 respondents reported regular patient contact, and 91% of those reported vaccination in the current influenza season. However, only 60% reported consistently receiving the vaccine every year. Of those who were vaccinated, 8% (n = 48) reported being vaccinated for the first time during that influenza season. A significant proportion (42%) of respondents were unaware of the major change in hospital policy regarding vaccination. Influences on the decision to be vaccinated varied significantly between those who are regularly vaccinated and those with inconsistent vaccination habits. Attitudes toward hospital policy varied significantly by race and clinical role.Conclusions.Although 91% of respondents with regular patient contact reported being vaccinated for influenza in the 2008–2009 season, only 60% reported consistent annual vaccination. Misinformation regarding hospital policies is widespread. Improvements in vaccination rates will likely require multifaceted, targeted efforts focused on specific influences on less adherent groups. The identified variability in influences on the decision to be vaccinated suggests possible targets for future interventions.
Seasonal Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Employees: Results of a 4-Year Campaign
Authors: Hirsch Pamela , Hodgson Michael , Davey Victoria 
Published: April 2011

Objective.To document successful substantial increases in healthcare worker influenza vaccination rates and to identify reasons for success and failure.Design.(1) Four-year longitudinal characterization of facility vaccination rates, (2) Web-based facility-level questionnaire for influenza coordinators to identify success factors in year 3, and (3) semistructured telephone interviews of influenza coordinators at facilities with substantial increases or declines in year 4.Setting.National single-payer hospital (healthcare) system with 153 hospitals in 5 levels of complexity.Patients.Facility leadership staff.Methods.(1) Vaccination data collected from management sources (doses from pharmacies, denominator data from payrolls); (2) a Web-based survey aligned with a previously administered instrument (Wisconsin Health Department), piloted in-house, modified to reflect national strategies and improvements; and (3) semistructured telephone interviews with influenza coordinators at facilities that improved or worsened by more than 20% between the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 influenza seasons.Results.Vaccination acceptance rates improved from 45% of healthcare workers in 2005–2006 to 66.5% in 2008–2009. Facilities with lower complexity had higher vaccination rates. No individual factors were associated with improved performance.Conclusions.Sustained management attention can lead to improvements in healthcare worker influenza vaccination rates. Wavering of attention, though, may lead to rapid loss of effectiveness. Declination statements in this system did not contribute to vaccine acceptance.
Temperature-dependent photoluminescence study of InP/ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Pham Thi Thuy , Chi Tran Thi Kim , Nguyen Quang Liem 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This paper reports on the temperature-dependent photoluminescence of InP/ZnS quantum dots under 532 nm excitation, which is above the InP transition energy but well below that of ZnS. The overall photoluminescence spectra show two spectral components. The higher-energy one (named X) is assigned to originate from the excitonic transition; while the low-energy spectral component (named I) is normally interpreted as resulting from lattice imperfections in the crystalline structure of InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). Peak positions of both the X and I emissions vary similarly with increasing temperature and the same as the InP bandgap narrowing with temperature. In the temperature range from 15 to 80 K, the ratio of the integrated intensity from the X and the I emissions decreases gradually and then this ratio increases fast at temperatures higher than 80 K. This could result from a population of charge carriers in the lattice imperfection states at a temperature below 80 K to increase the I emission but then with these charge carriers being released to contribute to the X emission.
The influence of solvents and surfactants on the preparation of copper nanoparticles by a chemical reduction method
Authors: Dung Dang Thi My , Tuyet Le Thi Thu , Fribourg-Blanc Eric , Chien Dang Mau 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A chemical reduction method for preparing colloidal copper nanoparticles in water and ethylene glycol (EG) is reported. The obtained copper nanoparticles were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis). Surface plasmon resonance peaks immediately after the synthesis appeared at 579 and 551 nm for the colloidal copper in water and EG, respectively. The stability of colloidal copper in EG was longer than that in water. The color of solution in water changed from light-red to black and the nanoparticles mostly precipitated after 22 days, which is attributed to the oxidation of copper nanoparticles in copper oxide (I), as was confirmed by optical absorption measurements. In EG, copper nanoparticles were red and stable even after 2 months. Ascorbic acid plays a role as antioxidant for colloidal copper, due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen molecules. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone works both as size controller and polymeric capping agent because it hinders the nuclei from aggregation through the polar groups, which strongly absorb the copper particles on the surface with coordination bonds.
Exploiting prior knowledge and gene distances in the analysis of tumor expression profiles with extended Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Seifert Michael , Strickert Marc , Schliep Alexander , Grosse Ivo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Changes in gene expression levels play a central role in tumors. Additional information about the distribution of gene expression levels and distances between adjacent genes on chromosomes should be integrated into the analysis of tumor expression profiles.
Results: We use a Hidden Markov Model with distance-scaled transition matrices (DSHMM) to incorporate chromosomal distances of adjacent genes on chromosomes into the identification of differentially expressed genes in breast cancer. We train the DSHMM by integrating prior knowledge about potential distributions of expression levels of differentially expressed and unchanged genes in tumor. We find that especially the combination of these data and to a lesser extent the modeling of distances between adjacent genes contribute to a substantial improvement of the identification of differentially expressed genes in comparison to other existing methods. This performance benefit is also supported by the identification of genes well known to be associated with breast cancer. That suggests applications of DSHMMs for screening of other tumor expression profiles.
Availability: The DSHMM is available as part of the open-source Java library Jstacs (www.jstacs.de/index.php/DSHMM).
Contact: seifert@ipk-gatersleben.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Supplementary data files are available at the Jstacs's web site.
Risk Factors for Intestinal Gangrene in Children With Small‐bowel Volvulus
Authors: Lin Yu‐Pi , Lee Jung , Chao Hsun‐Chin , Kong Man‐Shan , Lai Ming‐Wei , Chen Chien‐Chang , Chen Shih‐Yen , Luo Chih‐Cheng 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:Pediatric small‐bowel volvulus (SBV) is a surgical emergency, and early diagnosis is difficult. We analyzed the clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and laboratory parameters in children with SBV and attempted to determine the risk factors for bowel gangrene.Patients and Methods:Forty‐nine children (35 boys and 14 girls) with SBV who were admitted to the hospital for a period of 13 years were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory parameters and evaluation measures included fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stool, peritoneal signs, severe dehydration, disease duration, white blood cell counts, sugar, C‐reactive protein (CRP), sodium, potassium, metabolic acidosis, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. These parameters were statistically compared between patients with and without bowel gangrene.Results:Thirty‐six patients (73.5%) were 5 years old or younger, and nearly half were younger than 1 year old. Abdominal pain and vomiting were 2 major symptoms. Malrotation was the most common cause of SBV. In univariate analysis, nonbilious vomiting, peritoneal signs, severe dehydration, leukocytosis (WBC count >18,000 cells/mm3), elevated CRP (>50 mg/dL), and hyponatremia (<130 mmol/L) were significantly associated with bowel gangrene (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, nonbilious vomiting, leukocytosis, and elevated CRP were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with bowel gangrene. The resection rate for bowel gangrene was 44.9%, and no mortality was found. Seven (14.3%) patients had postoperative complications, including short‐bowel syndrome (n = 2), adhesion ileus (n = 3), and intraabdominal abscess (n = 3). Seven experienced failure to thrive in later follow‐up.Conclusions:Specific clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters are helpful in the identification of bowel gangrene in children with SBV.
Individually Tailored Treatment of Medication Nonadherence
Authors: Hommel Kevin A. , Herzer Michele , Ingerski Lisa M. , Hente Elizabeth , Denson Lee A. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTObjective:Nonadherence is a significant health care issue in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that requires intervention to improve outcomes. This pilot randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an individually tailored behavioral treatment for nonadherence in adolescents with IBD.Patients and Methods:Fourteen adolescents ages 14.89 ± 2.01 years were randomly assigned to immediate care or wait list control conditions and received a manualized individually tailored behavioral intervention for nonadherence. Medication adherence, measured by pill count, served as the primary endpoint. Parents provided demographic data and ratings of intervention acceptability and patients provided disease‐severity data.Results:Feasibility of the treatment was demonstrated by 100% treatment session attendance for all of the patients enrolled in the trial. Both parent and patient acceptability ratings were favorable. Comparison of baseline with posttreatment percent adherence across both conditions demonstrated that treatment resulted in a 4% gain in 6‐mercaptopurine/azathioprine adherence (52% at baseline; 56% at posttreatment; δ = 0.07) and a 25% gain in mesalamine adherence (43% at baseline; 68% at posttreatment; δ = 0.57).Conclusions:Individually tailored treatment of nonadherence in adolescents with IBD is feasible and may result in substantial improvement in medication adherence. Differential effect of the intervention on medications requires further investigation, but it may reflect differences in regimen complexity, concerns about medication adverse effects, and/or patient/parent preference to target more complex regimens. Large‐scale testing of this intervention is needed to demonstrate effect on clinical outcomes.