bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Sol‐Gel Approach for Visible Light‐Responsive Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Efficient Diazinon Removal
Authors: Mohamad Idris Nurul Hidayah , Abdul Mu'minin Aina Hanin , Yoon Tiem Leong , Ohno Teruhisa , Lee Hooi Ling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study addresses water pollution challenges by employing photocatalysis as an effective solution. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with unique characteristics is widely utilized in this approach. However, the design of nanosized TiO2 particles is crucial for enhancing photocatalytic performance during diazinon's photodegradation. As such, the TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the green sol‐gel method in this study, exhibit a mixed anatase‐brookite phase, a small particle size of 11.17 nm, and lower bandgap energy (3.00 eV) than pure anatase TiO2 of 3.20 eV, rendering them active under visible light. DFTB calculation was deployed to investigate the role of oxygen vacancies in reducing the bandgap energy. Experimentally measured (3.00 eV) and computationally (2.812 eV) determined bandgap energies align well. The TiO2 NPs demonstrate significant photocatalytic efficacy, degrading 73.3 % of diazinon within 210 min under sunlight, with a mineralization degree of 43.50 %, and 2‐isopropyl‐6‐methylpyrimidin‐4‐ol (IMP) was detected as the intermediate product. The photodegradation follows first‐order kinetics, and adsorption isotherm analysis fits the Langmuir model. ⋅O2− is identified as the predominant reactive oxygen species in the diazinon's photodegradation. Hence, the synthesized TiO2 NPs offer good reusability, maintaining a degradation efficiency of 67.4 % even after five cycles, showing good potential for wastewater treatment applications.
Judd–Ofelt Intensity Parameters and Optical Properties of Eu/Li Co‐Doped CeO2 Phosphor
Authors: Hai Nguyen Van , Van Hoang Nhu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, the intense orange‐red emission of Eu3+ singly and Eu3+/Li+ co‐doped CeO2 phosphors synthesized by solution combustion using urea as fuel was investigated experimentally and theoretycally. X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope analysis confirmed the formation of a single‐phase CeO2 cubic with high crystallinity. Under 360 nm excitation, the phosphors emitted an intense orange–red region of Eu3+ as a function of Li+ doping content. Significantly, it was enhanced 12/10 times by Li+ co‐doping due to the increased crystallinity of the host lattice. The energy transfer proccesse associated with cross‐relaxation is responsible for decreasing the experimental lifetime of Eu3+. The influence of Li+ doping content on the characterization properties of CeO2:Eu, Li phosphors was further explained using Judd‐Ofelt (J−O) theory, from which branching ratios (βr), transition probability (A), radiative lifetime (τcal), and stimulated cross‐section (σe) emission of the phosphors were estimated. The results indicate that an effectively improved crystallinity by Li+ co‐doped CeO2:Eu can significantly enhance its luminescence intensity, making it suitable for optoelectronic and display applications.
Setting the tone to get their way: An attention‐based approach to how narcissistic CEOs influence the board of directors to take more risk
Authors: Tuggle Christopher S. , Borgholthaus Cameron J. , Harms Peter D. , O'Brien Jonathan P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryUpper echelons research has generated insights into the organizational consequences of CEO narcissism. However, fewer studies have empirically attended to the mechanisms through which these consequences occur. Using the attention‐based view, we introduce a process model examining how CEO narcissism is linked to corporate risk‐taking through the board of director discussion tone of risk‐taking during board meetings. We further note that narcissistic CEOs have an increased ability to do so when they are appointed to be board chair. We find strong support for each of our hypotheses by utilizing a unique data set of corporate board meeting transcripts encompassing 88 public firms and 197 CEOs over 20 years. Our results suggest that narcissistic CEOs are adept at controlling the attentional foci of boards of directors to get their way.Managerial SummaryOur study offers an explanation as to how CEO narcissism influences firm risk‐taking behavior. Specifically, we demonstrate that narcissistic CEOs are prone to drive board discussions about risk‐taking to hold a positive tone—especially when they also serve as board chair—thereby enabling them to allocate increased resources toward risk‐taking strategies. Through an extensive analysis of board meeting transcripts spanning two decades across 88 companies, we illustrate how narcissistic CEOs wield substantial influence in molding board conversations to mirror their own pro‐risk inclinations. This insight further considers the importance of understanding CEO behavior in guiding risk management strategies in the future.
Vacancy‐Defect Ternary Topological Insulators Bi2Se2Te Encapsulated in Mesoporous Carbon Spheres for High Performance Sodium Ion Batteries and Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Hu Lijuan , Liu Changyu , Zhang Fan , Wang Hui , Wang Beibei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTernary topological insulators have attracted worldwide attention because of their broad application prospects in fields such as magnetism, optics, electronics, and quantum computing. However, their potential and electrochemical mechanisms in sodium ion batteries (SIBs) and hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) have not been fully studied. Herein, a composite material comprising vacancy‐defects ternary topological insulator Bi2Se2Te encapsulated in mesoporous carbon spheres (Bi2Se2Te@C) is designed. Bi2Se2Te with ample vacancy‐defects has a wide interlayer spacing to enable frequent insertion/extraction of Na+ and boost reaction kinetics within the electrode. Meanwhile, the Bi2Se2Te@C with optimized yolk–shell structure can buffer the volume variation without breaking the outer protective carbon shell, ensuring structural stability and integrity. As expected, the Bi2Se2Te@C electrode delivers high reversible capacity and excellent rate capability in half SIB cells. Various electrochemical analyses and theoretical calculations manifest that Bi2Se2Te@C anode confirms the synergistic effect of ternary chalcogenide systems and suitable void space yolk‐shell structure. Consequently, the full cells of SIB and SIHC coupled with Bi2Se2Te@C anode exhibit good performance and high energy/power density, indicating its widespread practical applications. This design is expected to offer a reliable strategy for further exploring advanced topological insulators in Na+‐based storage systems.
Elucidating Structural Disorder in Ultra‐Thin Bi‐Rich Bismuth Oxyhalide Photocatalysts
Authors: Marks Melissa , Jeppesen Henrik , Nielsen Mads Lund Nygaard , Kong Jintao , Ceccato Marcel , van der Veen Monique A. , Bøjesen Espen Drath , Lock Nina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdvancing the field of photocatalysis requires the elucidation of structural properties that underpin the photocatalytic properties of promising materials. The focus of the present study is layered, Bi‐rich bismuth oxyhalides, which are widely studied for photocatalytic applications yet poorly structurally understood, due to high levels of disorder, nano‐sized domains, and the large number of structurally similar compounds. By connecting insights from multiple scattering techniques, utilizing electron‐, X‐ray‐ and neutron probes, the crystal phase of the synthesized materials is allocated as layered Bi24O31X10 (X = Cl, Br), albeit with significant deviation from the reported 3D crystalline model. The materials comprise anisotropic platelet‐shaped crystalline domains, exhibiting significant in‐plane ordering in two dimensions but disorder and an ultra‐thin morphology in the layer stacking direction. Increased synthesis pH tailored larger, more ordered crystalline domains, leading to longer excited state lifetimes determined via femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs‐TAS). Although this likely contributes to improved photocatalytic properties, assessed via the photooxidation of benzylamine, increasing the overall surface area facilitated the most significant improvement in photocatalytic performance. This study, therefore, enabled both phase allocation and a nuanced discussion of the structure‐property relationship for complicated, ultra‐thin photocatalysts.
Traglastversuche an Großprüfkörpern für modulare Polygonturmsektionen von Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Keindorf Christian , Bülow Tim , Kaschner Hartmut 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBei der Bemessung von Stahltürmen für Onshore‐Windenergieanlagen führen oftmals Stabilitäts‐ und Ermüdungsnachweise infolge der hohen statischen und dynamischen Beanspruchungen zu großen Turmabmessungen. Aufgrund der Steigerung von Nennleistung und Nabenhöhe für Windturbinen müssen auch die Dimensionen bei den Tragstrukturen erhöht werden. Einige Anlagentypen erfordern mittlerweile einen Turmfußdurchmesser von > 4,5 m. In diesen Durchmessern lassen sich Turmsektionen auf der Straße nicht mehr (wirtschaftlich) transportieren. Daher sind vermehrt modulare Bauweisen entwickelt worden, wobei die Stahlsektionen aus längsgeteilten Segmenten bestehen, die auf der Baustelle endmontiert werden. Des Weiteren stellt die Verbindungstechnik für turmartige Bauwerke immer wieder eine neue Herausforderung dar, wenn größere Windenergieanlagen geplant werden. Als technische Alternative zu den bisherigen Turmkonfigurationen wird ein Konzept für einen modularen Polygonturm vorgestellt, dessen Plattensegmente entlang der Längskanten über Strangpressprofile verbunden werden sollen, sodass am Standort keine weiteren Schraub‐ oder Schweißverbindungen erforderlich sind. Durch diese innovative Verbindungstechnik und die längsorientierte Fertigung von ebenen Turmsegmenten sollen Umformprozesse und teilweise auch Schweißprozesse während der Fertigungsphase eingespart werden, die bislang bei den rohrförmigen Stahltürmen erforderlich sind. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wurde die technische Machbarkeit eines modularen Polygonturms für eine Anlagenklasse mit 10 MW Nennleistung und 200 m Nabenhöhe analysiert, um Lösungsansätze für die nächste Generation von Onshore‐Windenergieanlagen anbieten zu können. Für eine fiktive Referenz‐Windenergieanlage wurden Lastfälle generiert, um Bemessungen für die Turmsektionen durchführen zu können. Auf Basis der berechneten Turmabmessungen wurde ein Versuchsprogramm erstellt und es wurden Traglastversuche an Großprüfkörpern im Maßstab 1 : 10 durchgeführt. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Untersuchungen vorgestellt, wobei die Traglasten der einzelnen Turmkonfigurationen miteinander verglichen und die Versagensmechanismen erläutert werden.
Enacting a Global Englishes and Critical Pedagogy Integrated Curriculum in Korean High School English as a Foreign Language Classrooms
Authors: Jung Hyeyoung , Crookes Graham V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the enactment of Global Englishes (GE) curriculum in public high school English as a foreign language classrooms in South Korea. Data collection involved pre‐ and post‐course surveys (N = 217, nine classrooms), students' written responses, and their oral presentations. The findings highlight the necessity of adopting a critical perspective as the initial step to incorporate GE in these classrooms. They also recommend integrating GE curriculum within the existing assessment framework. After curriculum enactment based on critical pedagogy and GE took place over the course of a year, the results from the post‐course survey indicated positive changes in students' receptiveness to GE, their perceptions of Outer Circle varieties, and their confidence in engaging in intercultural communication. Students' written responses also demonstrated an enhanced critical awareness of GE‐related issues. However, there was no significant change in their perceptions regarding the exclusion of GE in listening tests, their low preference for Expanding Circle varieties, and their limited multicultural communication skills. The pedagogical implications of this study are relevant not only for GE educators but also for those who enact locally driven curriculum innovations within test‐oriented contexts.
Sustainability‐driven optimization of microwave‐assisted extraction for enhanced corilagin and total phenolic compound yield from Dimocarpus longan
Authors: Fuangchoom Varunya , Narkprasom Nukrob , Jaturonglumlert Somkiat , Varith Jaturapatr , Unpaprom Yuwalee , Narkprasom Kanjana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe longan fruit, widely grown and consumed in Southeast Asia, contains an abundance of essential natural chemicals present in its flesh and seeds. The microwave‐assisted approach is used to extract these components, which include total phenolic compound and corilagin. The optimization of the extraction process included factors such as the sample ratio (0.5–1.5 g/30 mL), time (10–20 min), and microwave power (600–700 W). These variables were examined using the response surface approach. The statistical analysis revealed that the data was most accurately represented by a quadratic polynomial equation. The decision coefficients for total phenolic compounds and corilagin were found to be 0.9956 and 0.9485, respectively, indicating a high level of accuracy. The result was that the optimal conditions to obtain the highest total phenolic compound and corilagin from longan extract are 22.214 mgGAE/gDW and 55.137 mg/gDW, respectively. The sample was extracted under a ratio of 0.97 g/30 mL set at microwave power at 695.74 W, with an extraction time of 15 min. This study suggests that microwave‐assisted, water‐based extraction can produce healthful, eco‐friendly concentrated longan extracts, yielding high levels of corilagin and phenolic compounds.
Impact of Bisphenol‐A in the environment and its removal through biological agents: A review
Authors: Gupta Akanksha , Singh Anubhuti , Mishra Virendra Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEndocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are synthetic compounds that can cause abnormalities in the functioning of the endocrine system of the human being, resulting in various health problems. Bisphenol‐A (BPA) is one of the important EDCs that is used in the manufacturing of plastics, food packaging canisters, and other day‐to‐day necessities. Since BPA is estrogenic in nature; its presence can affect the living component at a very low concentration. BPA and other EDCs are released from various sources like the plastic manufacturing industry, sewage treatment plants, and solid waste disposal points. Due to its global use, BPA has permeated different matrices, including our food sources. As a result, many adverse health effects have been reported, considering which, their treatment is necessary. Under the present investigation, we have reviewed various studies dealing with the sources, concentrations, and impact of BPA on the environment. In addition, we have also incorporated different treatment technologies including phytoremediation and bioremediation which can remove BPA effectively. Regardless of significant developments in our understanding of EDCs, uncertainties and knowledge gaps still occur and more studies are required to eradicate the problems of BPA contamination from our environment.
Dominant stricture in paediatric‐onset primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with impaired prognosis in a long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Tenca Andrea , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Consonni Dario , Jokelainen Kalle , Färkkilä Martti 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe impact of dominant stricture (DS) on the outcomes of paediatric‐onset primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is unknown. This study was aimed at investigating the impact of DS on the clinical course and prognosis of patients with paediatric‐onset PSC.MethodsPatients with paediatric‐onset PSC diagnosed between January 1993 and May 2017 were identified from hospital records or our PSC registry. Data including clinical, laboratory, cholangiography, and cytology at diagnosis and during follow‐up (until July 2023) were reviewed. We graphed the Kaplan‐Meier failure function and fitted crude and multivariable Cox model to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for selected variables. In these analyses, DS was treated as a time‐varying variable.ResultsWe identified 68 patients (42 males) with paediatric‐onset PSC (median age at diagnosis 15 years). The median follow‐up was 13 years and the median age at the last follow‐up was 27 years. In total, 35 (51%) had concomitant autoimmune hepatitis. DS was diagnosed in 33 patients (48%): in eight at the time of PSC diagnosis (12%) and in 25 (37%) by the end of follow‐up. In patients with DS, two developed cirrhosis, seven were transplanted and one patient was operated for a biliary mass with low‐grade dysplasia. In patients without a DS, two developed cirrhosis, and four were transplanted; one female was excluded from survival analysis because she already had cirrhosis at the time of PSC diagnosis. Cirrhosis or biliary dysplasia or needing liver transplantation for these indications were more frequent after the development of DS (10/33, adjusted HR 4.26, 95%CI: 1.26–14.4). No cholangiocarcinomas or deaths occurred during the follow‐up.ConclusionsDS was present at diagnosis or developed during follow‐up in about half of the patients with paediatric‐onset PSC and was associated with impaired outcome.
The use of C‐reactive protein to predict uncomplicated appendicitis and increase uptake of laparoscopy in low resource hospitals—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Brombacher Michael , Moolla Haroon , Nair Vimal , Clarke Damian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute appendicitis remains the most common surgical emergency worldwide. There has been a low uptake of laparoscopic appendicectomy in the South African public sector. Preoperative identification of cases of uncomplicated appendicitis that are amenable to a laparoscopic approach may facilitate the implementation of laparoscopic appendicectomy programs in training hospitals. With limited access to preoperative imaging, alternative strategies for this preoperative prediction are needed.MethodsA retrospective audit of patients over the age of 12 years with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of acute appendicitis over a 5‐year period was performed. Patients were categorized as uncomplicated or complicated appendicitis and C‐reactive protein (CRP) and white cell count (WCC) reviewed. Receiver operating characteristics curves were constructed for these blood tests and acute appendicitis severity. Youden's J statistic was used to determine optimal cut off values for diagnosing complicated appendicitis.Results358 patients had confirmed appendicitis and complete blood results. Of these, 189 (52.79%) had complicated appendicitis with a 40.22% perforation rate. Median CRP in uncomplicated and complicated groups were 68 mg/L (IQR 19–142) and 216 mg/L (IQR 103–313) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70–0.80). The median WCC in the two groups were 12.6 × 109 cells/L (IQR 9.9–15.6) and 14.4 × 109 cells/L (IQR 11.5–18.28) with an AUC of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.56–0.67). The optimal cut off value for CRP was found to be 110 mg/L with a sensitivity of 74.74% and specificity of 69.23%.ConclusionA cutoff value of 110 mg/dl CRP can distinguish patients with early appendicitis from those with complicated disease and when used in conjunction with clinical assessment may help identify patients in whom laparoscopic appendicectomy is appropriate.
Recent Advances in Machine Learning Assisted Hydrogel Flexible Sensing
Authors: Zhou Song , Song Dengke , Pu Lisha , Xu Wenlong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydrogel flexible sensors are widely used in wearable devices, health care, intelligent robots and other fields due to their excellent flexibility, biocompatibility and high sensitivity. With the development of single sensor to multi‐channel and multi‐mode sensor network, the sensor data also presents the characteristics of multi‐dimension, complex and massive. Traditional data analysis methods can no longer meet the data analysis requirements of hydrogel flexible sensor networks. The introduction of machine learning (ML) technology optimizes the process of data analysis. With the continuous development of multi‐layer neural network technology and the improvement of computer performance, deep learning (DL) algorithm is increasingly used to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy, provides a powerful tool for data analysis of hydrogel flexible sensor, and accelerates the intelligent process of hydrogel flexible sensor equipment. This paper introduces the classification of hydrogel flexible sensors and the working mechanism and common algorithms of ML, and summarizes the application of ML technology to assist hydrogel flexible sensors in data analysis in the fields of health care and information recognition. This review will provide inspiration and reference for integrating ML technology into the field of hydrogel flexible sensors.
Species scale in diverse dimensions
Authors: van de Heisteeg Damian , Vafa Cumrun , Wiesner Max , Wu David H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In a quantum theory of gravity, the species scale Λs can be defined as the scale at which corrections to the Einstein action become important or alternatively as codifying the “number of light degrees of freedom”, due to the fact that $$ {\Lambda}_s^{-1} $$

Λ
s

−
1

is the smallest size black hole described by the EFT involving only the Einstein term. In this paper, we check the validity of this picture in diverse dimensions and with different amounts of supersymmetry and verify the expected behavior of the species scale at the boundary of moduli space. This also leads to the evaluation of the species scale in the interior of the moduli space as well as to the computation of the diameter of the moduli space. We also find evidence that the species scale satisfies the bound $$ {\frac{\left|\nabla {\Lambda}_s\right|}{\Lambda_s}}^2\le \frac{1}{d-2} $$

∇

Λ
s

Λ
s

2

≤

1

d
−
2

all over moduli space including the interior.
The classical double copy in curved spacetimes: perturbative Yang-Mills from the bi-adjoint scalar
Authors: Prabhu Siddharth G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We formulate a version of the double copy for classical fields in curved spacetimes. We provide a correspondence between perturbative solutions to the bi-adjoint scalar equations and those of the Yang-Mills equations in position space. At the linear level, we show that there exists a map between these solutions for maximally symmetric spacetime backgrounds, that provides every Yang-Mills solution by the action of an appropriate differential operator on a bi-adjoint scalar solution. Given the existence of a linearized map, we show that it is possible to cast the solutions of the Yang-Mills equations at arbitrary perturbation order in terms of the corresponding bi-adjoint scalar solutions. This all-order map is reminiscent of the flat space BCJ double copy, and works for any curved spacetime where the perturbative expansion holds. We show that these results have the right flat space limit, and that the correspondence is agnostic to the choice of gauge.