bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic response of circular bridge decks
Authors: Kunukkasseril V. X. , Ramakrishnan R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA method has been developed for the study of the dynamic response of curved bridge decks on the basis of plate equations in polar co‐ordinates. A general solution for the forced motion of annular sector plates has been obtained by the method of spectral representation. The specific problem of a moving force on the bridge deck is discussed in detail. A method for obtaining the static response from dynamic analysis is suggested. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the influence of the speed of travel of the force and of the physical parameters of the bridge decks on the deformation. A detailed discussion on the numerical results is also included.
Multiple tectonometamorphic imprints in the lower crust: first evidence ofca. 950 Ma (zircon U‐Pb SHRIMP) compressional reworking of UHT aluminous granulites from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India
Authors: Das Kaushik , Bose Sankar , Karmakar Subrata , Dunkley Daniel J. , Dasgupta Somnath 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntegrated structural, petrological and geochronological study on a suite of granulites from the central part of the Eastern Ghats Belt (EGB), India unveils polyphase tectonothermal evolution. We document (a) M1ultrahigh temperature (UHT) metamorphism (∼1000°C at 6.5–8.5 kbar) on an anticlockwiseP–Ttrajectory simultaneously with early deformations D1–D2involving partial melting, (b) cooling down to ∼ 800°C, 6 kbar that produced a variety of coronae/symplectites (M1R), (c) an unrelated compressional orogeny (D3) that produced deep crustal shears and mylonitic foliation (S3m) at low angles to D1–D2structures and was associated with slight loading, and possible partial melt extraction under granulite facies condition (M2∼7 kbar, 850°C), and (d) localized retrogression (M3) in the presence of melt accompanying D4deformation. This is the first record of the progradeP–Tpath of the superimposed granulite facies metamorphism in the EGB. U‐Pb SHRIMP data of zircon preserves an inherited grain domain ofca. 1700 Ma (207Pb‐206Pb age) that traces back the history of EGB with a lineage of the Mesoproterozoic supercontinent, Columbia. The UHT metamorphosed (peak M1atca. 1000 Ma) and subsequently cooled crustal segment (M1R) was subjected to strong tectonothermal reworking (M2) along a clockwiseP–Tpath at 953 + 6 Ma (concordia age) that partially exhumed the rocks to mid‐crustal levels. A later fluid‐induced retrogressive eventvis‐à‐vismelt crystallization occurred atca. 900 Ma (207Pb‐206Pb age). The post‐peak evolution reveals striking similarities with those recorded in the rocks of the Rayner Complex of east Antarctica, thereby strengthening the notion of Indo‐Antarctic correlation as part of Rodinia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlations of striatal dopamine synthesis with default network deactivations during working memory in younger adults
Authors: Braskie Meredith N. , Landau Susan M. , Wilcox Claire E. , Taylor Stephanie D. , O'Neil James P. , Baker Suzanne L. , Madison Cindee M. , Jagust William J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAge‐related deficits have been demonstrated in working memory performance and in the dopamine system thought to support it. We performed positron emission tomography (PET) scans on 12 younger (mean 22.7 years) and 19 older (mean 65.8 years) adults using the radiotracer 6‐[18F]‐fluoro‐L‐m‐tyrosine (FMT), which measures dopamine synthesis capacity. Subjects also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a delayed recognition working memory task. We evaluated age‐related fMRI activity differences and examined how they related to FMT signal variations in dorsal caudate within each age group. In posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus (PCC/Pc), older adults showed diminished fMRI deactivations during memory recognition compared with younger adults. Greater task‐induced deactivation (in younger adults only) was associated both with higher FMT signal and with worse memory performance. Our results suggest that dopamine synthesis helps modulate default network activity in younger adults and that alterations to the dopamine system may contribute to age‐related changes in working memory function. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The efficiency frontier approach to economic evaluation of health‐care interventions
Authors: Caro J. Jaime , Nord Erik , Siebert Uwe , McGuire Alistair , McGregor Maurice , Henry David , de Pouvourville Gérard , Atella Vincenzo , Kolominsky‐Rabas Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground: IQWiG commissioned an international panel of experts to develop methods for the assessment of the relation of benefits to costs in the German statutory health‐care system.Proposed methods: The panel recommended that IQWiG inform German decision makers of the net costs and value of additional benefits of an intervention in the context of relevant other interventions in that indication. To facilitate guidance regarding maximum reimbursement, this information is presented in an efficiency plot with costs on the horizontal axis and value of benefits on the vertical. The efficiency frontier links the interventions that are not dominated and provides guidance. A technology that places on the frontier or to the left is reasonably efficient, while one falling to the right requires further justification for reimbursement at that price. This information does not automatically give the maximum reimbursement, as other considerations may be relevant. Given that the estimates are for a specific indication, they do not address priority setting across the health‐care system.Conclusion: This approach informs decision makers about efficiency of interventions, conforms to the mandate and is consistent with basic economic principles. Empirical testing of its feasibility and usefulness is required. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Special populations with hepatitis B virus infection #
Authors: Peters Marion G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who have advanced disease or comorbidities can be challenging, and recommendations may differ from standard guidelines. Among the special populations that merit specific consideration are patients with compensated or decompensated cirrhosis, organ transplantation, acute hepatitis B, pregnancy, coinfection with hepatitis C and/or D virus, chronic renal failure, and children. Major advances have been made in management of many of these special populations because of recent increasing availability of oral nucleosides, which are generally well tolerated and highly effective despite presence of other morbidities or viral infections. Also important have been changes in the management of hepatitis B during the peri-liver transplantation period that allows for prevention of reinfection in the majority of cases. However, much remains to be done to determine which patients should be treated and which should be monitored on no specific therapy. Outcomes of chronic HBV infection in persons with coinfection and in children have varied from different areas of the world, but it is not clear whether these differences are due to host and racial differences or to viral genotypic differences. Further studies are particularly needed in assessing the safety and efficacy of therapy in pregnant women, in children, and in patients with hepatitis D and C virus coinfection. (Hepatology 2009;49:S146–S155.)
Overexpression of the cell adhesion protein neuroligin‐1 induces learning deficits and impairs synaptic plasticity by altering the ratio of excitation to inhibition in the hippocampus
Authors: Dahlhaus Regina , Hines Rochelle M. , Eadie Brennan D. , Kannangara Timal S. , Hines Dustin J. , Brown Craig E. , Christie Brian R. , El‐Husseini Alaa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTrans‐synaptic cell‐adhesion molecules have been implicated in regulating CNS synaptogenesis. Among these, the Neuroligin (NL) family (NLs 1–4) of postsynaptic adhesion proteins has been shown to promote the development and specification of excitatory versus inhibitory synapses. NLs form a heterophilic complex with the presynaptic transmembrane protein Neurexin (NRX). A differential association of NLs with postsynaptic scaffolding proteins and NRX isoforms has been suggested to regulate the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses (E/I ratio). Using transgenic mice, we have tested this hypothesis by overexpressing NL1 in vivo to determine whether the relative levels of these cell adhesion molecules may influence synapse maturation, long‐term potentiation (LTP), and/or learning. We found that NL1‐overexpressing mice show significant deficits in memory acquisition, but not in memory retrieval. Golgi and electron microscopy analysis revealed changes in synapse morphology indicative of increased maturation of excitatory synapses. In parallel, electrophysiological examination indicated a shift in the synaptic activity toward increased excitation as well as impairment in LTP induction. Our results demonstrate that altered balance in the expression of molecules necessary for synapse specification and development (such as NL1) can lead to defects in memory formation and synaptic plasticity and outline the importance of rigidly controlled synaptic maturation processes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capital accumulation and growth: a new look at the empirical evidence
Authors: Bond Steve , Leblebicioǧlu Asli , Schiantarelli Fabio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUsing annual data for 75 countries in the period 1960–2000, we present evidence of a positive relationship between investment as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) and the long‐run growth rate of GDP per worker. This result is robust for our full sample and for the subsample of non‐OECD countries, but not for the subsample of OECD countries. Our analysis controls for time‐invariant country‐specific heterogeneity in growth rates, and for a range of time‐varying control variables. We also address endogeneity issues, and allow for heterogeneity across countries in model parameters and for cross‐section dependence. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Materials characterization of explanted polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene composites: Spectral and thermal analysis
Authors: Cozad Matthew J. , Grant David A. , Bachman Sharon L. , Grant Daniel N. , Ramshaw Bruce J. , Grant Sheila A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study utilized spectral and thermal analysis of explanted hernia mesh materials to determine material inertness and elucidate reasons for hernia mesh explantation. Composite mesh materials, comprised of polypropylene (PP) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) mesh surrounded by a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ring, were explanted from humans. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to visually observe material defects while attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) was used to find chemical signs of surface degradation. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) gave thermal stability profiles that showed changes in heat of fusion and rate of percent weight loss, respectively. ATR‐FTIR scans showed higher carbonyl peak areas as compared to pristine for 91% and 55% of ePTFE and PP explants, respectively. Ninety‐one percent of ePTFE explants also exhibited higher CH stretch peak areas. Seventy‐three percent of ePTFE explants had higher heats of fusion while 64% of PP explants had lower heats of fusion with respect to their corresponding pristines. Only 9% of PET explants exhibited a lower heat of fusion than pristine. Seventy‐three percent of ePTFE explants, 73% of PP explants, and only 18% of PET explants showed a decreased rate of percent weight loss as compared to pristine. The majority of the PP and ePTFE mesh explants demonstrated oxidation and crosslinking, respectively, while the PET ring exhibited breakdown at the sites of high stress. The results showed that all three materials exhibited varied degrees of chemical degradation suggesting that a lack of inertness in vivo contributes to hernia mesh failure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Cloud computing: Retro revival or the new paradigm?
Authors: Bean LuAnn 
Published: June 2010

Abstract“Cloud computing” is one of the most recently hyped concepts in information technology (IT). While some argue that it is just the old “time‐sharing” mainframe model transformed, others contend that it is a dramatic change in how we will expand computing possibilities. Which is correct? Is it something that your company should consider? The author explains what cloud computing is and examines its advantages and disadvantages. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IT: What's the impact of IFRS?
Authors: Burnett Royce D. , Friedman Mark , Murthy Uday 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEveryone is anticipating the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in the United States. But companies are slowly beginning to realize that conversion to IFRSs will require some complicated, far‐reaching changes for firms' information technology (IT) systems. In fact, this may be more costly and disruptive than Y2K and the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act combined! Senior managers will need a solid understanding of IFRSs and a workable plan to deal with the conversion process for IT. This article provides guidance for both those challenges. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toeholds as an M&A strategy?
Authors: Strickland Deon , Martin Dale R. , Cotter James F. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract“Toeholds” are a merger‐and‐acquisition (M&A) strategy, where a company buys a limited number of shares in a target firm prior to initiating M&A discussions with the target firm. Toeholds can lower the risk and cost of an acquisition. But this strategy carries risks of its own. The authors examine potential positive and negative consequences of using toeholds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Four steps to simplify multimeasure performance evaluations using the balanced scorecard
Authors: Albright Thomas L. , Burgess Christopher M. , Hibbets Aleecia R. , Roberts Michael L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractProcessing complex, unstructured information can be difficult. Since balanced scorecards can include as many as 24 or more measures, this article presents a methodology to help managers manage the complexity. The four‐step process explained here can lead to accurate and consistent evaluations using both quantitative and qualitative performance measures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A one‐pot synthesis of the 1‐benzopyrano[2,3‐b]pyridine moiety from 2‐(alkyl/arylamino)‐4‐oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carbaldehyde
Authors: Maiti Sourav , Panja Suman Kalyan , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
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2‐(Alkyl/arylamino)chromone‐3‐carbaldehyde reacts with Meldrum's acid, hippuric acid, 4‐hydroxycoumarin, diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate, or ethyl benzoylacetate to produce 1‐benzopyrano[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2,5‐dione moiety, but ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile react differently. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis and X‐ray crystal structures of chiral, nonracemic 5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,3,4‐oxadiazines
Authors: Hitchcock Shawn R. , Dean Melissa A. , Kelley Christopher J. , Edler Kate L. , Ferrence Gregory M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
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A series of chiral, nonracemic oxadiazines have been prepared from (1R,2S)‐ephedrine, (1R,2S)‐norephedrine, and L‐phenylalaninol. The synthesis of the Ephedra‐based oxadiazines was accomplished by a process of N‐nitrosation, reduction, acylation, and acid‐catalyzed cyclization. The trans‐ and cis‐diastereomeric oxadiazines derived from (1R,2S)‐ephedrine were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by single crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The stereochemistry of the (1R,2S)‐norephedrine–derived oxadiazines was assigned based on 1H NMR spectroscopy and by analogy with the X‐ray crystal structure of the (1R,2S)‐ephedrine–based oxadiazines. In addition, L‐phenylalaninol was used as a template to prepare a series of oxadiazines substituted at the N4‐nitrogen with an isopropyl group. This was accomplished by a reductive alkylation of L‐phenylalaninol with acetone and subsequent hydrazide formation. These hydrazides were reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to yield the corresponding oxadiazines by a base‐mediated cyclization. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Characterizing iron deposition in multiple sclerosis lesions using susceptibility weighted imaging
Authors: Haacke E. Mark , Makki Malek , Ge Yulin , Maheshwari Megha , Sehgal Vivek , Hu Jiani , Selvan Madeswaran , Wu Zhen , Latif Zahid , Xuan Yang , Khan Omar , Garbern James , Grossman Robert I. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether the variable forms of putative iron deposition seen with susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) will lead to a set of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion characteristics different than that seen in conventional MR imaging.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐seven clinically definite MS patients underwent brain scans using magnetic resonance imaging including: pre‐ and postcontrast T1‐weighted imaging, T2‐weighted imaging, FLAIR, and SWI at 1.5 T, 3 T, and 4 T. MS lesions were identified separately in each imaging sequence. Lesions identified in SWI were reevaluated for their iron content using the SWI filtered phase images.ResultsThere were a variety of new lesion characteristics identified by SWI, and these were classified into six types. A total of 75 lesions were seen only with conventional imaging, 143 only with SWI, and 204 by both. From the iron quantification measurements, a moderate linear correlation between signal intensity and iron content (phase) was established.ConclusionThe amount of iron deposition in the brain may serve as a surrogate biomarker for different MS lesion characteristics. SWI showed many lesions missed by conventional methods and six different lesion characteristics. SWI was particularly effective at recognizing the presence of iron in MS lesions and in the basal ganglia and pulvinar thalamus. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:537–544. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust segmentation of mass‐lesions in contrast‐enhanced dynamic breast MR images
Authors: Meinel Lina A. , Buelow Thomas , Huo Dezheng , Shimauchi Akiko , Kose Ursula , Buurman Johannes , Newstead Gillian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To develop and evaluate a computerized segmentation method for breast MRI (BMRI) mass‐lesions.Materials and Methods:A computerized segmentation algorithm was developed to segment mass‐like‐lesions on breast MRI. The segmentation algorithm involved: (i) interactive lesion selection, (ii) automatic intensity threshold estimation, (iii) connected component analysis, and (iv) a postprocessing procedure for hole‐filling and leakage removal. Seven observers manually traced the borders of all slices of 30 mass‐lesions using the same tools. To initiate the computerized segmentation, each user selected a seed‐point for each lesion interactively using two methods: direct seed‐point and robust region of interest (ROI) selections. The manual and computerized segmentations were compared pair‐wise using the measured size and overlap to evaluate similarity, and the reproducibility of the computerized segmentation was compared with the interobserver variability of the manual delineations.Results:The observed inter‐ and intraobserver variations were similar (P > 0.05). Computerized segmentation using the robust ROI selection method was significantly (P < 0.001) more reproducible in measuring lesion size (stDev 1.8%) than either manual contouring (11.7%) or computerized segmentation using directly placed seed‐point method (13.7%).Conclusion:The computerized segmentation method using robust ROI selection is more reproducible than manual delineation in terms of measuring the size of a mass‐lesion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:110–119. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo vascular hallmarks of diffuse leukoaraiosis
Authors: Uh Jinsoo , Yezhuvath Uma , Cheng Yamei , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To characterize multiple patterns of vascular changes in leukoaraiosis using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.Materials and Methods:We measured cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and blood–brain‐barrier (BBB) leakage in a group of 33 elderly subjects (age: 72.3 ± 6.8 years, 17 males, 16 females). Leukoaraiosis brain regions were identified in each subject using fluid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery (FLAIR) MRI. Vascular parameters in the leukoaraiosis regions were compared to those in the normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) regions. Vascular changes in leukoaraiosis were also compared to structural damage as assessed by diffusion tensor imaging.Results:CBF and CVR in leukoaraiosis regions were found to be 39.7 ± 5.2% (P < 0.001) and 52.5 ± 11.6% (P = 0.005), respectively, of those in NAWM. In subjects who did not have significant leukoaraiosis, CBF and CVR in regions with high risk for leukoaraiosis showed a slight reduction compared to the other white matter regions. Significant BBB leakage was also detected (P = 0.003) in leukoaraiosis and the extent of BBB leakage was positively correlated with mean diffusivity. In addition, CVR in NAWM was lower than that in white matter of subjects without significant leukoaraiosis.Conclusion:Leukoaraiosis was characterized by reduced CBF, CVR, and a leakage in the BBB. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:184–190. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproducibility and correlation between quantitative and semiquantitative dynamic and intrinsic susceptibility‐weighted MRI parameters in the benign and malignant human prostate
Authors: Alonzi Roberto , Taylor N. Jane , Stirling J. James , d'Arcy James A. , Collins David J. , Saunders Michele I. , Hoskin Peter J. , Padhani Anwar R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To assess the reproducibility of relaxivity‐ and susceptibility‐based dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the benign and malignant prostate gland and to correlate the kinetic parameters obtained.Materials and Methods:Twenty patients with prostate cancer underwent paired scans before and after androgen deprivation therapy. Quantitative parametric maps for T1‐ and T2*‐weighted parameters were calculated (Ktrans, kep,ve, IAUC60, rBV, rBF, and R2*). The reproducibility of and correlation between each parameter were determined using standard methods at both timepoints.Results:T1‐derived parameters are more reproducible than T2*‐weighted measures, both becoming more variable following androgen deprivation (variance coefficients for prostate Ktrans and rBF increased from 13.9%–15.8% and 42.5%–90.8%, respectively). Tumor R2* reproducibility improved after androgen ablation (23.3%–11.8%). IAUC60 correlated strongly with Ktrans, ve, and kep (all P < 0.001). R2* did not correlate with other parameters.Conclusion:This study is the first to document the variability and repeatability of T1‐ and T2*‐weighted dynamic MRI and intrinsic susceptibility‐weighted MRI for the various regions of the human prostate gland before and after androgen deprivation. These data provide a valuable source of reference for groups that plan to use dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI or intrinsic susceptibility‐weighted MRI for the assessment of treatment response in the benign or malignant prostate. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:155–164. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.