bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effet à long terme d'apports d'engrais minéraux et de fumier sur les teneurs en C et en N des fractions densimétriques et des agrégats du loam limoneux Le Bras
Authors: N'Dayegamiye A. , Goulet M. , Laverdière M. R. 
Published: April 2011

Long-term mineral fertilizer applications could reduce organic matter (OM) levels in soil if coupled with crop rotations with low organic residues inputs. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the C and N contents in whole soil, in densimetric OM fractions and in different aggregate size fractions of a Le Bras silt loam (Humic Gleysol). The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design, with dairy cattle manure applied at 0 and 20 Mgha−1 as the main factor. The subplots consisted of six fertilizer treatments (NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKMg and the unfertilized check). The four year rotation included silage corn, (Zea mays L.) silage corn, wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.). Contrary to mineral fertilizer, long-term manure applications significantly increased the C content in whole soil and also in the light and heavy fractions of OM (Fl and Fd). Mineral fertilizer significantly increased the C and N contents only in Fl. Moreover, manure application also increased the weight of the 5–8 mm aggregate size fraction and the C and N content in the 5–8 mm, 2–5 mm, 1–2 mm and 0,25–1 mm aggregate size fractions, compared to mineral fertilizer alone. In manured plots, soil C biomass, microbial respiration (CO2) and N mineralization (NO3) levels increased by 30% compared with mineral fertilizer treatments. Results of this study demonstrate the important effect of manure applications on C and N enrichment in soil and also on soil macroaggregation and biological activity. To maintain optimal C and N levels in soil and to favour soil macroaggregation, long-term mineral fertilizer application should be combined with crops in rotations which ensure high organic residues returns to soils. Key words: Macroaggregation, microbial biomass, N mineralization, long-term, light fraction, heavy fraction
Cadmium and lead concentrations of commercially grown vegetables and of soils in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia
Authors: Pieri L. A. De , Buckley W. T. , Kowalenko C. G. 
Published: April 2011

The cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in various tissues of economically important crops (potato, cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, turnip, corn and lettuce) grown in three regions within the Lower Fraser Valley were examined in a survey study. The objective of the study was to determine the current concentrations of Cd and Pb in Fraser Valley vegetables and vegetable-producing soils as background data for pollution evaluation and reference purposes. Concentrations of both metals in the vegetable tissues and the soils (based on total metal analysis) were similar to those reported for uncontaminated soils of the world. Cadmium in edible parts of vegetables had site means that varied from 0.03 to 1.74 µg g–1 DM, while mean soil Cd in these sites varied from 0.17 to 1.02 µg g−1. Mean Pb in edible parts of vegetables at these sites varied from 0.03 to 0.16 µg g−1 DM, while soils varied from 4.9 to 26.4 µg Pb g–1. Potatoes grown on Spetifore soil series exhibited a high concentration of Cd in the tubers (site mean of 1.74 µg g−1 DM), and coincided with high extractable soil sulphur and sodium contents, which showed the influence of a marine environment on that soil. A comparison between a cultivated and uncultivated adjacent site showed that the soil at the former had almost double the Cd concentration of the latter. The Pb concentration at the two sites did not differ. The increased Cd in the cultivated site coincided with a greater amount of extractable phosphorus and potassium, which may indicate a history of excessive fertilizer application. No clear relationship was observed between total soil and plant tissue concentration for Cd or Pb. Cadmium was more variable in the plant tissues than Pb, particularly in the leaves. Key words: Cadmium, lead, survey
Overseeding rye into corn reduces NO3 leaching and increases yields
Authors: Ball-Coelho B. R. , Roy R. C. 
Published: April 2011

Non-irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) produced on coarse-textured soils during droughty years can result in excess NO3 available for leaching. To evaluate the effect of overseeding cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) into corn on yields, NO3 leaching and a pre-sidedress nitrate test (PSNT), we broadcast rye seed (Aug. 1993, 1994 and 1995) into conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) corn receiving six fertilizer N rates. There was no corn yield penalty with the cover crop. Corn grain yields and the extent to which NO3 leaching was reduced by the rye cover depended on rainfall. With the rye (compared with no rye) subsoil solution NO3 concentrations were: unchanged (fall 1994) following above normal rainfall and corn yields; reduced by 8 mg NO3N L−1 (fall 1995) following intermediate rainfall and yields; and reduced by 28 mg NO3-N L−1 (fall 1993) and 11 mg NO3-N L−1 (spring 1994) following the driest growing season (average of CT and NT). Improved N availability with the rye was detected by a PSNT under CT, but not under NT. Therefore sidedress N rates can be adjusted for release of rye residue-N under CT, and potential NO3 contamination of groundwater can be reduced by overseeding winter rye into both CT and NT corn systems. Key words:Zea mays, Secale cereale, pre-sidedress nitrate test, tillage, nitrogen fertilization
Snow management and deep tillage for increasing crop yields on a rolling landscape
Authors: McConkey B. G. , Ulrich D. J. , Dyck F. B. 
Published: April 2011

Snow management (tall vs. conventional height stubble) and one-time deep tillage were investigated for increasing water conservation and annual crop production on a rolling soil landscape developed on glacial till in the semiarid Brown soil zone of the Canadian prairies. Tillage depths were 0, 13, 25, and 45 cm. Gleysolic soils had more soil water at time of seeding and greater 3-yr mean durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) grain yields than the Chernozemic soils. On the Chernozemic soils, tall (25 cm) stubble increased over-winter soil water at seeding by 15 mm compared with conventional short (14 cm) stubble. Mean 3-yr durum grain yields were 165 kg ha−1 higher with tall than short stubble although yield increases were only significant (P < 0.05) in one year. Extended rotations with tall cereal stubble are particularly attractive for cropland with a rolling topography when a significant part of the landscape is occupied by Gleysolic soils. Water conservation and grain yields for fall chiselling to 13 cm were not different than those for no fall tillage. Fall chiselling to 25 cm or subsoiling to 45 cm increased grain yields by 300 kg ha−1 in the year following tillage compared with no fall tillage. This yield increase was not related to soil water and may be due to physical disruption of an apparent tillage pan that existed between 10 and 20 cm depths. Key words: Wheat, water conservation, snow, subsoiling, rolling landscape
Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suppresses JAK2/STAT3 signaling via inducing the promoter‐associated histone acetylation of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Xiong Hua , Du Wan , Zhang Yan‐Jie , Hong Jie , Su Wen‐Yu , Tang Jie‐Ting , Wang Ying‐Chao , Lu Rong , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAberrant janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling is involved in the oncogenesis of several cancers. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) genes and SH2‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1) proteins, which are negative regulators of JAK/STAT signaling, have been reported to have tumor suppressor functions. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, the mechanisms that regulate SOCS and SHP1 genes, and the cause of abnormalities in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, remain largely unknown. The present study shows that trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, leads to the hyperacetylation of histones associated with the SOCS1 and SOCS3 promoters, but not the SHP1 promoter in CRC cells. This indicates that histone modifications are involved in the regulation of SOCS1 and SOCS3. Moreover, upregulation of SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression was achieved using TSA, which also significantly downregulated JAK2/STAT3 signaling in CRC cells. We also demonstrate that TSA suppresses the growth of CRC cells, and induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the regulation of downstream targets of JAK2/STAT3 signaling, including Bcl‐2, survivin and p16ink4a. Therefore, our data demonstrate that TSA may induce SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression by inducing histone modifications and consequently inhibits JAK2/STAT3 signaling in CRC cells. These results also establish a mechanistic link between the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling and the anticancer action of TSA in CRC cells. Mol. Carcinog. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Both the Hydrophobicity and a Positively Charged Region Flanking the C-Terminal Region of the Transmembrane Domain of Signal-Anchored Proteins Play Critical Roles in Determining Their Targeting Specificity to the Endoplasmic Reticulum or Endosymbiotic Organelles inArabidopsisCells
Authors: Lee Junho , Lee Hyunkyung , Kim Jinho , Lee Sumin , Kim Dae Heon , Kim Sanguk , Hwang Inhwan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractProteins localized to various cellular and subcellular membranes play pivotal roles in numerous cellular activities. Accordingly, in eukaryotic cells, the biogenesis of organellar proteins is an essential process requiring their correct localization among various cellular and subcellular membranes. Localization of these proteins is determined by either cotranslational or posttranslational mechanisms, depending on the final destination. However, it is not fully understood how the targeting specificity of membrane proteins is determined in plant cells. Here, we investigate the mechanism by which signal-anchored (SA) proteins are differentially targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or endosymbiotic organelles using in vivo targeting, subcellular fractionation, and bioinformatics approaches. For targeting SA proteins to endosymbiotic organelles, the C-terminal positively charged region (CPR) flanking the transmembrane domain (TMD) is necessary but not sufficient. The hydrophobicity of the TMD in CPR-containing proteins also plays a critical role in determining targeting specificity; TMDs with a hydrophobicity value &gt;0.4 on the Wimley and White scale are targeted primarily to the ER, whereas TMDs with lower values are targeted to endosymbiotic organelles. Based on these data, we propose that the CPR and the hydrophobicity of the TMD play a critical role in determining the targeting specificity between the ER and endosymbiotic organelles.
Employing Site-Specific Recombination for Conditional Genetic Analysis in Sinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: Harrison Clarice L. , Crook Matthew B. , Peco Gledi , Long Sharon R. , Griffitts Joel S. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

The ability to remove a genetic function from an organism with good temporal resolution is crucial for characterizing essential genes or genes that act in complex developmental programs. The rhizobium-legume symbiosis involves an elaborate two-organism interaction requiring multiple levels of signal exchange. As an important step toward probing rhizobium genetic functions with temporal resolution, we present the development of a conditional gene deletion system in
Sinorhizobium meliloti
that employs Cre/
loxP
site-specific recombination. This system enables chemically inducible and irreversible gene deletion or gene upregulation. Recombinase-mediated excision events can be positively or negatively selected or monitored by a colorimetric assay. The system may be adaptable to various bacterial species, in which recombinase activity may be placed under the control of diverse user-defined promoters. This system also shows promise for uses in promoter trapping and biosensing applications.
Genotypic Diversity of Escherichia coli in the Water and Soil of Tropical Watersheds in Hawaii
Authors: Goto Dustin K. , Yan Tao 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

High levels of
Escherichia coli
were frequently detected in tropical soils in Hawaii, which present important environmental sources of
E. coli
to water bodies. This study systematically examined
E. coli
isolates from water and soil of several watersheds in Hawaii and observed high overall genotypic diversity (35.5% unique genotypes). In the Manoa watershed, fewer than 9.3% of the observed
E. coli
genotypes in water and 6.6% in soil were shared between different sampling sites, suggesting the lack of dominant fecal sources in the watershed. High temporal variability of
E. coli
genotypes in soil was also observed, which suggests a dynamic
E. coli
population corresponding with the frequently observed high concentrations in tropical soils. When
E. coli
genotypes detected from the same sampling events were compared, limited sharing between the soil and water samples was observed in the majority of comparisons (73.5%). However, several comparisons reported up to 33.3% overlap of
E. coli
genotypes between soil and water, illustrating the potential for soil-water interactions under favorable environmental conditions. In addition, genotype accumulation curves for
E. coli
from water and soil indicated that the sampling efforts in the Manoa watershed could not exhaust the overall genotypic diversity. Comparisons of
E. coli
genotypes from other watersheds on Oahu, Hawaii, identified no apparent grouping according to sampling locations. The results of the present study demonstrate the complexity of using
E. coli
as a fecal indicator bacterium in tropical watersheds and highlight the need to differentiate environmental sources of
E. coli
from fecal sources in water quality monitoring.
First Evidence of Genotypes Ad3a16 and Ad3a18 in North America, Obtained by Genetic Analysis of Infectious Human Adenovirus from Wastewaters of Two Urban Communities in Canada
Authors: Vidovic Sinisa , Aly Mahmoud , Flemming Cecily , Springthorpe Susan , Sattar Syed A. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
A 1-year study found seven infectious human adenovirus serotypes, including Ad3, Ad31, Ad46, Ad27, Ad22, Ad51, and clinical clone PB3, in wastewaters of two major cities in Canada. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the existence of the reportedly highly contagious Ad3a16/18 genotypes. This is the first report of Ad3a16/18 genotypes in North America.
Ammonia Disinfection of Hatchery Waste for Elimination of Single-Stranded RNA Viruses
Authors: Emmoth Eva , Ottoson Jakob , Albihn Ann , Belák Sándor , Vinnerås Björn 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Hatchery waste, an animal by-product of the poultry industry, needs sanitation treatment before further use as fertilizer or as a substrate in biogas or composting plants, owing to the potential presence of opportunistic pathogens, including zoonotic viruses. Effective sanitation is also important in viral epizootic outbreaks and as a routine, ensuring high hygiene standards on farms. This study examined the use of ammonia at different concentrations and temperatures to disinfect hatchery waste. Inactivation kinetics of high-pathogenic avian influenza virus H7N1 and low-pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N3, as representatives of notifiable avian viral diseases, were determined in spiked hatchery waste. Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3, feline coronavirus, and feline calicivirus were used as models for other important avian pathogens, such as Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and avian hepatitis E virus. Bacteriophage MS2 was also monitored as a stable indicator. Coronavirus was the most sensitive virus, with decimal reduction (
D
) values of 1.2 and 0.63 h after addition of 0.5% (wt/wt) ammonia at 14 and 25°C, respectively. Under similar conditions, high-pathogenic avian influenza H7N1 was the most resistant, with
D
values of 3.0 and 1.4 h. MS2 was more resistant than the viruses to all treatments and proved to be a suitable indicator of viral inactivation. The results indicate that ammonia treatment of hatchery waste is efficient in inactivating enveloped and naked single-stranded RNA viruses. Based on the
D
values and confidence intervals obtained, guidelines for treatment were proposed, and one was successfully validated at full scale at a hatchery, with MS2 added to hatchery waste.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Beneficial Plant Root-Associated Bacterium, Pseudomonas brassicacearum
Authors: Ortet Philippe , Barakat Mohamed , Lalaouna David , Fochesato Sylvain , Barbe Valérie , Vacherie Benoit , Santaella Catherine , Heulin Thierry , Achouak Wafa 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

To shed light on the genetic equipment of the beneficial plant-associated bacterium
Pseudomonas brassicacearum
, we sequenced the whole genome of the strain NFM421. Its genome consists of one chromosome equipped with a repertoire of factors beneficial for plant growth. In addition, a complete type III secretion system and two complete type VI secretion systems were identified. We report here the first genome sequence of this species.
Distinct Physiological Roles of the Three [NiFe]-Hydrogenase Orthologs in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis
Authors: Kanai Tamotsu , Matsuoka Ryoji , Beppu Haruki , Nakajima Akihito , Okada Yoshihiro , Atomi Haruyuki , Imanaka Tadayuki 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Hydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen (H
2
) and play a key role in the energy metabolism of microorganisms in anaerobic environments. The hyperthermophilic archaeon
Thermococcus kodakarensis
KOD1, which assimilates organic carbon coupled with the reduction of elemental sulfur (S
0
) or H
2
generation, harbors three gene operons encoding [NiFe]-hydrogenase orthologs, namely, Hyh, Mbh, and Mbx. In order to elucidate their functions
in vivo
, a gene disruption mutant for each [NiFe]-hydrogenase ortholog was constructed. The Hyh-deficient mutant (PHY1) grew well under both H
2
S- and H
2
-evolving conditions. H
2
S generation in PHY1 was equivalent to that of the host strain, and H
2
generation was higher in PHY1, suggesting that Hyh functions in the direction of H
2
uptake in
T. kodakarensis
under these conditions. Analyses of culture metabolites suggested that significant amounts of NADPH produced by Hyh are used for alanine production through glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase. On the other hand, the Mbh-deficient mutant (MHD1) showed no growth under H
2
-evolving conditions. This fact, as well as the impaired H
2
generation activity in MHD1, indicated that Mbh is mainly responsible for H
2
evolution. The copresence of Hyh and Mbh raised the possibility of intraspecies H
2
transfer (i.e., H
2
evolved by Mbh is reoxidized by Hyh) in this archaeon. In contrast, the Mbx-deficient mutant (MXD1) showed a decreased growth rate only under H
2
S-evolving conditions and exhibited a lower H
2
S generation activity, indicating the involvement of Mbx in the S
0
reduction process. This study provides important genetic evidence for understanding the physiological roles of hydrogenase orthologs in the
Thermococcales
.
Rapid Divergence of Two Classes of Haemophilus ducreyi
Authors: Ricotta Emily E. , Wang Nan , Cutler Robin , Lawrence Jeffrey G. , Humphreys Tricia L. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Haemophilus ducreyi
, the etiologic agent of chancroid, expresses variants of several key virulence factors. While previous reports suggested that
H. ducreyi
strains formed two clonal populations, the differences between, and diversity within, these populations were unclear. To assess their variability, we examined sequence diversity at 11
H. ducreyi
loci, including virulence and housekeeping genes, augmenting published data sets with PCR-amplified genes to acquire data for at least 10 strains at each locus. While sequences from all 11 loci place strains into two distinct groups, there was very little variation within each group. The difference between alleles of the two groups was variable and large at 3 loci encoding surface-exposed proteins (0.4 <

K
S

< 1.3, where

K
S

is divergence at synonymous sites) but consistently small at genes encoding cytoplasmic or periplasmic proteins (

K
S

< 0.09). The data suggest that the two classes have recently diverged, that recombination has introduced variant alleles into at least 3 distinct loci, and that these alleles have been confined to one of the two classes. In addition, recombination is evident among alleles within, but not between, classes. Rather than clones of the same species, these properties indicate that the two classes may form distinct species.
INR derivation with the PT/INR Line simplified using a spreadsheet from the world wide web
Authors: Poller Leon , Ibrahim Saied , Pattison Albert , Jespersen Jørgen ,   European Action on Anticoagulation (EAA), formerly European Concerted Action on Anticoagulation (ECAA)
Published: April 2011

BackgroundThe prothrombin time/international normalised ratio (PT/INR) Line method to derive INR, based on only five European Concerted Action on Anticoagulation (ECAA) certified plasmas, is shown to be reliable in previous ECAA studies. A simpler method not requiring linear regression calculation would be an advantage.MethodAfter determining the local PT/INR Line, local INRs have been obtained using a readily available spreadsheet on the internet which laboratories can use without performing any additional calculations.ResultsExamples of INR derivation have been obtained from results at 16 centres using a range of local coagulometers with human thromboplastin international reference preparations (IRPs). The procedure does not require manual PT testing, local international sensitivity index calibration, availability of thromboplastin IRPs or local mean normal prothrombin time.ConclusionsFrom the PT/INR Line, INR values for local PT results are easily obtained using an Excel spreadsheet from our website (http://www.anticoagulants.co.uk/) which does not require the complex linear regression analysis to derive INR.