bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Effects of Bilirubin on the Proliferation of Rat Renal NRK52E Cells and its Association with Gap Junctions
Authors: Wang Yanling , Zhu Qiongfang , Luo Chenfang , Zhang Ailan , Hei Ziqing , Su Guangjie , Xia Zhengyuan , Irwin Michael G. 
Published: July 2012

Objective The effect of bilirubin on renal pathophysiology is controversial. This study aimed to observe the effects of bilirubin on the proliferation of normal rat renal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK52E) and its potential interplay with gap junction function. Methods Cultured NRK52E cells, seeded respectively at high- or low- densities, were treated with varying concentrations of bilirubin for 24 hours. Cell injury was assessed by measuring cell viability and proliferation, and gap junction function was assessed by Parachute dye-coupling assay. Connexin 43 protein was assessed by Western blotting. Results At doses from 17.1 to 513μmol/L, bilirubin dose-dependently enhanced cell viability and colony-formation rates when cells were seeded at either high- or low- densities (all p<0.05 vs. solvent group) accompanied with enhanced intercellular fluorescence transmission and increased Cx43 protein expression in high-density cells. However, the above effects of BR were gradually reversed when its concentration increased from 684 to 1026μmol/L. In high-density cells, gap junction inhibitor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate attenuated bilirubin-induced enhancement of colony-formation and fluorescence transmission. However, in the presence of high concentration bilirubin (1026μmol/L), activation of gap junction with retinoid acid decreased colony-formation rates. Conclusion Bilirubin can confer biphasic effects on renal NRK52E cell proliferation potentially by differentially affecting gap junction functions.
Pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of a single dose of tramadol hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Souza Marcy J. , Sanchez-Migallon Guzman David , Paul-Murphy Joanne R. , Cox Sherry K. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine pharmacokinetics after IV and oral administration of a single dose of tramadol hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).
Animals—9 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (3 males, 5 females, and 1 of unknown sex).
Procedures—Tramadol (5 mg/kg, IV) was administered to the parrots. Blood samples were collected from −5 to 720 minutes after administration. After a 3-week washout period, tramadol (10 and 30 mg/kg) was orally administered to parrots. Blood samples were collected from −5 to 1,440 minutes after administration. Three formulations of oral suspension (crushed tablets in a commercially available suspension agent, crushed tablets in sterile water, and chemical-grade powder in sterile water) were evaluated. Plasma concentrations of tramadol and its major metabolites were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results—Mean plasma tramadol concentrations were > 100 ng/mL for approximately 2 to 4 hours after IV administration of tramadol. Plasma concentrations after oral administration of tramadol at a dose of 10 mg/kg were < 40 ng/mL for the entire time period, but oral administration at a dose of 30 mg/kg resulted in mean plasma concentrations > 100 ng/mL for approximately 6 hours after administration. Oral administration of the suspension consisting of the chemical-grade powder resulted in higher plasma tramadol concentrations than concentrations obtained after oral administration of the other 2 formulations; however, concentrations differed significantly only at 120 and 240 minutes after administration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Oral administration of tramadol at a dose of 30 mg/kg resulted in plasma concentrations (> 100 ng/mL) that have been associated with analgesia in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.
Gene expression in intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens obtained from dogs with chronic enteropathy
Authors: Wilke Vicki L. , Nettleton Dan , Wymore Meghan J. , Gallup Jack M. , Demirkale Cumhur Yusuf , Ackermann Mark R. , Tuggle Chris K. , Ramer-Tait Amanda E. , Wannemuehler Michael J. , Jergens Albert E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To characterize mucosal gene expression in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE).
Animals—18 dogs with CE and 6 healthy control dogs.
Procedures—Small intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens were endoscopically obtained from dogs. Disease severity in dogs with CE was determined via inflammatory bowel index scores and histologic grading of biopsy specimens. Total RNA was extracted from biopsy specimens and microchip array analysis (approx 43,000 probe sets) and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assays were performed.
Results—1,875 genes were differentially expressed between dogs with CE and healthy control dogs; 1,582 (85%) genes were downregulated in dogs with CE, including neurotensin, fatty acid–binding protein 6, fatty acid synthase, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member B1, metallothionein, and claudin 8, whereas few genes were upregulated in dogs with CE, including genes encoding products involved in extracellular matrix degradation (matrix metallopeptidases 1, 3, and 13), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-8, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ, and S100 calcium-binding protein G), iron transport (solute carrier family 40 member 1), and immunity (CD96 and carcinoembryonic antigen–related cell adhesion molecule [CEACAM] 18). Dogs with CE and protein-losing enteropathy had the greatest number of differentially expressed genes. Results of quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assay for select genes were similar to those for microchip array analysis.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Expression of genes encoding products regulating mucosal inflammation was altered in dogs with CE and varied with disease severity.
Impact for Human Medicine—Molecular pathogenesis of CE in dogs may be similar to that in humans with inflammatory bowel disease.
Developmental regulation of the activation of translation initiation factors of skeletal muscle in response to feeding in horses
Authors: Wagner Ashley L. , Urschel Kristine L. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether feeding-induced activation of translation initiation factors, specifically protein kinase B, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1), ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, in horses is affected by age.
Animals—6 yearlings, six 2-year-old horses, and 6 mature horses.
Procedures—After an 18-hour period of feed withholding, horses consumed a high-protein meal (2 g/kg) at time 0 and 30 minutes (postprandial state) or continued to have feed withheld (postabsorptive state). Blood samples were collected for the duration of the experimental procedures and used to determine plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and amino acids. At 90 minutes, biopsy specimens were collected from a gluteal muscle and used to measure phosphorylation of translation initiation factors.
Results—Plasma glucose, insulin, and amino acid concentrations were elevated for the postprandial state, compared with results for the postabsorptive state, regardless of age. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B, S6K1, rpS6, and eukaryotic initation factor 4E binding protein 1 was increased for the postprandial state. There was an effect of age with increased phosphorylation of S6K1 at Thr389 and rpS6 at Ser235/236 in the yearlings and mature horses, compared with results for the 2-year-old horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Food consumption resulted in an increase in the activation of translation initiation factors, with the highest degree of responsiveness in the yearlings. This indicated that increased muscle accretion seen during growth could be a result of increased rates of muscle protein synthesis in response to a meal stimulus.
Evaluation of anxiolytic effect of elaeocarpus ganitrus in mice
Authors: Rauniar G P , Sharma M 
Published: July 2012

Background: Antianxiety drugs are prescribed frequently and associated with several limitations factors that led to interest in the alternative remedies. Herbal drugs are used in developing and developed countries but there is lack of scientific evidence. Ayurvedic physician were used Elaeocarpus ganitrus for the treatment of mental calmness.Objectives: Evaluate the anxiolytic effect of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in mice.Methods: The experimental study was conducted with the extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in comparison with Diazepam 1mg/kg in 60 mice using open field test and passive avoidance apparatus in six experimental groups. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There was a significant increase in number of square crossed, time spent in central square and rearing behavior of animal. There was also decreased significantly time prolongation in Step down latency and increase of attempts in step down errors as well as time spent in the shock zone. Conclusion: Elaeocarpus ganitrus showed anxiolytic effect but there is need to find out safety, efficacy and the exact mechanism of action of this herbal remedies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6575 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 108-112
Knowledge and practices regarding tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Yadav D K , Jhal N , Pokhara P K , Nagesh S , Yadav S , Niraula S R 
Published: July 2012

Background: Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem in many developing countries. More than 2 billion people are infected with TB bacilli and annually around 9 million become infected, 1.7 million die due to this disease. TB is the most common opportunistic infection, leading to the mortality of people living with HIV.Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS.Method: This study was carried out in Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa district of Eastern Nepal. Face to face interview was performed using convenience sampling technique. Data was collected from people living with HIV/AIDS, related to information on socio-demographic profile, knowledge, practices and risk taking behavior with the help of pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The generated data were entered into Microsoft Excel and SPSS 15.0 and Chi-square was applied for test of significance.Results- The total of 242 subjects were enrolled in the study. Out of them, 75.2% were males and 24.8% females, the age of the respondents varied from 14-65 years. Among them 53.3% were Intra Venus drug users, followed by 17.4% clients of commercial sex workers and housewives (17.4%). Around half (48.8%) of the study population were in the 30-39 yrs age group. The knowledge of tuberculosis disease was satisfactory but in depth knowledge of symptoms was not adequate. Regarding symptoms of TB, it was found that 85% were aware that cough for more than 2 weeks was suggestive of TB, 54% knew of chest pain and 84% knew of haemoptysis. Over the years, perception about tuberculosis has changed, which was shown by our finding, 93% of the respondents knew that TB is curable and 75% knew that anti-tuberculosis drugs provided free of cost under directly observed treatment short course (DOTS). Regarding knowledge of consequences of incomplete treatment, it was found that 17% answered the disease may attack again, and very few (2%) knew that incomplete or discontinued treatment would develop Multi drug resistantance.Conclusion- Our study revealed that knowledge and practices of people living with HIV/AIDS is not adequate. Their knowledge regarding consequences of treatment, and multi drug resisistance was very poor. Thus there is a need for an awareness program regarding tuberculosis - its signs and symptoms, treatment regimen and drug compliance through advocacy, communication and social mobilization.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6578 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 118-125
Electronic health records and products recall management for patient safety in health care
Authors: Devkota B , Buerck J 
Published: July 2012

Patient safety should be at the core of health care delivery. The main motto of the health care industry is to help the people in fighting illness using safe products. We have seen news headlines about recalls because of faulty products that result in harm to the user; these have occurred not only in the pharmaceutical industry but also in the device industry. Harm may be accrued from mislabeling, defective parts and/or defective ingredients. The question is how to remedy the situation once the product has been in wide circulation perhaps not just in one country but across the globe. Many times we have experienced hardships due to the recall of consumer goods such as cars, refrigerators, toys, etc. Recalls due to safety concerns should be implemented immediately, otherwise potential harm from product use will result in the injury or death of the users. Electronic health records (EHR) will help immediately track down the patients using defective products (in this case, medical devices or drugs). It will thus help save lives by early notification to the users of these potentially harmful products.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6581 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 132-133
Blood ordering and transfusion practice in routine operation theatres of BPKIHS: a pilot study
Authors: Chaudhary R K , Singh R K , Pokharel K , Bhattarai B 
Published: July 2012

Background: The practice of blood ordering before surgery is usually excessive. Hazards of over ordering include burden to blood banking, outdating of blood, unnecessary wastage of hospital resources, mental and physical stress to patient party. A study on blood ordering practice provides important feedback for improvement of blood ordering service system and developing Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule (MSBOS). Objectives: To find out the ratio between cross-matched and transfused blood units (C:T ratio) in routine operation theatres (OT) of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) and the time lag between blood demand and arrival in the OTs. Methods: Data of 94 patients undergoing elective surgery with potential need for blood transfusion over the period of one month were collected and analyzed prospectively. The variables noted include age, gender, body weight, blood group, hemoglobin level, diagnosis, type of surgery, maximum allowable blood loss, actual blood loss; number of blood units cross-matched and actually transfused. Results: Altogether, 161 blood units were cross matched and only 24 of them were transfused making the C:T ratio of 6.7:1. Fourteen out of 24 units were transfused only in gynecological & obstetrical patients. The mean time interval between the demand and the arrival of blood units was 10 ± 7.6 minutes. Conclusion: The overall C:T ratio in the routine OT of BPKIHS is comparatively high. Further study with larger sample size is needed for recommending MSBOS.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6583 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 137-138
Actinomycosis of the ileocaecal junction
Authors: Agrawal R K , Kumar B , Agarwal M , Regmi R , Khania S , Adhikary S , Agrawal C S 
Published: July 2012

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6590 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 157-159
A Subjective and Objective Analysis of Pain in Female Brick Kiln Workers of West Bengal, India
Authors: Ray Chaudhuri Subhanu Sekhar , Biswas Chaitalee , Roy Krishna 
Published: July 2012

Background: Work related musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of pain in female workers in brick manufacturing industries involved in sorting and stacking process. Objective: This study aims to categorize the component of neuropathic and/or nociceptive pain with reference to chronic low back pain, its probable causes and its impact on functional variables like hand grip strength, number of man days lost etc. Methods: Female subjects [n=220] in the age range of 28-45 years from different brick fields of Hooghly and Birbhum district of West Bengal ,India with a work experience of more than 10 years participated in this study. Pain categorization was done by PAIN DETECT TOOL .Hand Grip dynamometry done to evaluate grip strength. NIOSH equation was used to standardize RWL. Results: It showed that pain/discomfort was mainly at the low back(90%),neck(72%) and wrist(62%).72% of workers had a pain of >20 in the pain scale of the pain detect tool & 80% of workers were not satisfied with treatments with analgesics/antipyretics which indicate the involvement of neuropathic component of pain in them. The impact of pain was revealed on functional and productivity endpoints like reduced grip strength which also lead to absenteeism, loss of average man days[4.5/month] , injuries[in 33% of workers] and monotony[85% workers] Conclusion: The probable cause of the chronic low back pain may be due to radiculopathy from repetitive lifting of bricks over and above the Recommended Weight Limit [Lifting Index 1.8].DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i2.6597 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 2. No 2 (2012) 38-43
Reporter Gene Expression Patterns Regulated by an Ara h 2 Promoter Differ in Homologous Versus Heterologous Systems1
Authors: Bhattacharya A , Ramos M. L. , Faustinelli P. , Ozias-Akins P. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally important crop whose seeds are widely used in food products. Peanut seeds contain proteins that serve a nutrient reservoir function and that also are major allergens. As part of an investigation to determine the effect of reducing/eliminating the peanut allergen Ara h 2 from seeds, gene sequence including upstream regulatory regions was characterized. The ability of regions upstream of the translation initiation site to regulate seed-specific expression of reporter genes was tested in peanut and Arabidopsis. Two independent transgenic peanut lines biolistically transformed with 1kb of DNA upstream of the Ara h 2.02 (B-genome) coding sequence controlling a Green Fluorescent Protein – β-glucuronidase (Gfp-Gus) fusion were obtained. All T1, T2 and T3 generations of transgenic plants showed the expression of GFP and GUS restricted to seeds and near background levels in vegetative tissues. However, constitutive GUS expression was observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines, a heterologous system. It is possible that trans-acting factors regulating seed specificity in peanut are too divergent in Arabidopsis to enable the seed specific response. Thus, the promoter described in this paper may have potential use for expression of transgenes in peanut where seed-specificity is desired, but expression patterns should be tested in heterologous systems prior to off-the-shelf adoption.
Comparing the USDA/AMS Subsampling Mill to a Vertical Cutter Mixer Type Mill Used to Comminute Shelled Peanut Samples for Aflatoxin Analysis1
Authors: Whitaker Thomas B. , Slate Andrew B. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The US peanut industry can use up to three 21.8 kg samples per lot to determine if shelled peanut lots are acceptable or unacceptable due to aflatoxin content. If a lot is accepted by the first 21.8 kg sample (1AB≤8 ng/g) prepared with the USDA/AMS Subsampling mill (DM), then some peanut buyers request that the sheller prepare the second sample (2AB) and in some cases the 3AB sample (called special samples in the trade) with a vertical cutter mixer (VCM) type mill. These requests to specifically use the VCM instead of the DM to prepare official (1AB) and special (2AB or 3AB) samples is based in part on a perception that analytical results associated with a test portion taken from the 21.8 kg sample comminuted with a DM does not detect the full magnitude of aflatoxin in the 21.8 kg sample and that negative aflatoxin certificates (lot acceptance) are more likely to occur when samples are prepared with a DM than a VCM. Analysis of aflatoxin test results from two shellers along with Monte Carlo simulation indicate that differences between the 1AB and special sample test results are due to the use of a cut-off limit (≤ 8 ng/g associated with the 1AB) requested by the buyer as part of the acceptance criteria and not due to any bias associated with the DM. Operating characteristic curves were used to demonstrate that the performance of the USDA/AMS aflatoxin sampling plan is about the same regardless of the use of a DM or a VCM for sample preparation. The performances are similar because the DM, with an 1100 g test portion, account for only 8% of the total variability of the aflatoxin test procedure (sampling and analysis account for about 92%). A sampling plan that requires two 21.8 kg samples to test less than a limit, regardless of mill used to prepare the two samples, has a very low risk of accepting bad lots above the FDA limit of 20 ng/g, but has a very high risk of rejecting good lots, which makes for an extremely high economic burden on the sheller.
Peanut Cultivar Response to S-metolachlor and Paraquat Alone and in Combination
Authors: Grichar W. James , Dotray Peter A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at Yoakum in south Texas and at Lamesa in the Texas High Plains area in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate peanut variety tolerance to S-metolachlor or paraquat alone or in combination applied postemergence 7 to 28 d after peanut emergence. Runner market-type peanut were evaluated at Yoakum (Tamrun OL02, York, and Florida 07) while runner (Flavorrunner 458) and Virginia market-types (NC-7 and Gregory) were evaluated at Lamesa. Peanut stunting with paraquat alone or S-metolachlor + pararquat combinations varied from 0 to 15% and increased as application timing was delayed. Runner market type yields were variable while Virginia market type yields were not affected by paraquat or any combinations. Peanut grade (% SMK + SS) of runner or Virgina market types were not affected by paraquat applications.
Association of dietary fiber with high sensitivity C-reactive proteinin type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Begum Ismat Ara , Sen Moushuni , Afrin Syeda Fahmida , Moutoshi Shafia Sharmin , Islam Md Ashraful , Rahman Md Hasanur 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Hs-CRP is a nonspecific marker of the inflammatory response has been associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular disease is a major consequence of diabetes. DM confers a 2-4 fold rise in cardiovascular risk compared with general population. One of the many modifiable risk factors for both cardiovascular disease and diabetes is diet. Fiber is an important dietary factor that may modify the risk of both diseases. Material & methods: The current study is an attempt to explore the association of dietary fiber on inflammatory marker, hs-CRP in type2 diabetic subjects. Total 80 diabetic subjects were included in this study of which 40 were taking more dietary fiber and 40 were taking relatively low dietary fiber. Serum hs-CRP was measured by chemiluminescent immunometric assay (DPC Biermann Gmbh., Germany). Nutrient information was calculated using a pretested food recall questionnaire prepared by nutritionists for usual Bangladeshi food articles. Results: Hs-CRP was significantly higher in subjects taking low dietary fiber. There was significant negative correlation between CRP of subjects taking high and low intake of dietary fiber. Conclusion: So, low dietary fiber consumption maybe a possible causal factor of raised CRP. Type 2 diabetic patients who took less dietary fiber in their diets had elevated blood CRP levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i2.11434 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 02 April 2012: 117-120