bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary Stenting with the Sirolimus‐Eluting Stent in Clinical Practice: Final Results from the Prospective Multicenter German Cypher Stent Registry
Authors: ZAHN RALF , HAMM CHRISTIAN W. , SCHNEIDER STEFFEN , RICHARDT GERT , KELM MALTE , LEVENSON BENNY , BONZEL TASSILO , TEBBE ULRICH , SABIN GEORG , NIENABER CHRISTOPH A. ,   for the German Cypher Stent Registry
Published: November 2009

Aims: Drug‐eluting coronary stents (DES) have gained widespread use for the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, because of safety concerns and frequent “off‐label” use data from “real life,” registries are necessary to monitor indications and outcome of DES in daily clinical practice.
Methods and Results: We evaluated data from the German Cypher Stent Registry. A total of 10,894 patients treated with at least one sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) at 152 hospitals were included. Follow‐up at a median of 6.4 months was available in 10,006 patients (92%). Median age was 64.8 years and 75.5% were male. Per lesion a mean of 1.09 ± 0.41 SES were implanted with a mean length of 21.1 ± 11.5mm. During follow‐up, death rate was 1.8% and the rates of myocardial infarction or stroke were 2.1% and 0.5%. Any target vessel revascularization (TVR) was performed in 8.0% of patients. Independent predictors for death, myocardial infarction, or stroke were: cardiogenic shock, acute coronary syndromes, reduced left ventricular function, renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, advanced age, three‐vessel disease, degree of stenosis, and prior myocardial infarction. Predictors for a TVR were: two‐ or three‐vessel disease, target vessel = coronary bypass, advanced age, stent diameter, ostial lesions, indication in‐stent restenosis, renal failure, and target vessel = left anterior descended artery.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that SES use in clinical practice is safe and effective. The main predictors of clinical events during follow‐up are clinical parameters whereas as predictors of TVR mainly are angiographic parameters. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:18–25)
Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire in assessing dietary intakes of low‐income Caucasian postpartum women living in Sheffield, United Kingdom
Authors: Mouratidou Theodora , Ford Fiona A. , Fraser Robert B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the reproducibility and validity of a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing dietary intakes of low‐income, Caucasian, English‐speaking, postpartum women living in Sheffield, United Kingdom. Data was obtained from a cross‐sectional sample of the ‘Healthy Start’ study; a population‐based survey of mothers and infants. Participants completed two FFQs at 4 and 8 weeks postpartum. Measures from 24‐hour dietary recalls (24HDRs) were collected at 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks postpartum. In the reproducibility study, crude Pearson's correlation coefficients ranged from 0.40 (riboflavin) to 0.73 (thiamine), mean value 0.54. In the validation study, crude Pearson correlation coefficients between the FFQ and the measures from the 24HDRs ranged from 0.10 (B12) to 0.55 (manganese), mean value 0.34. Energy‐adjustments and corrections for attenuation had no significant effect on the strength of the correlation both observed in the reproducibility and validity study. On average, 68% of the participants were classified correctly, and 3% were misclassified into the extreme opposite quintile of the distribution. The authors conclude that the questionnaire performed well for the majority of nutrients examined and that is a valid tool for ranking individuals according to nutrient distribution.
Pregnancy and radiotherapy: Management options for minimising risk, case series and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Luis SA , Christie DRH , Kaminski A , Kenny L , Peres MH 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis article reviews the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy in patients with cancer who are pregnant. Our review provided extended follow‐up results in nine cases, presents a technical discussion on measures taken to minimise foetal radiation exposure and provides a comprehensive summary of the literature. Nine patients who received radiotherapy while pregnant are described. The clinical presentation and outcomes of these and 100 additional cases identified on a systematic literature review are presented. Comparisons of scattered radiation doses from three linear accelerators are presented. The average maternal follow‐up in our series was 8.9 years with one patient having a recurrence of their astrocytoma. In terms of foetal outcome, there were one death in utero, one elective termination of pregnancy and one on which no data were available. Six children, on whom long‐term follow‐up (average 10.3 years) was obtainable, were in good health. Overall, there had been 109 cases of radiotherapy in pregnancy that met our search criteria with 13 adverse outcomes and a median follow‐up of 37 months. Comparisons of three linear accelerators demonstrated significant differences in the amount of scattered radiation to the abdominal surface. In summary radiotherapy during pregnancy can be associated with a significant number of adverse outcomes. While it may be difficult for a patient not to attribute these effects to radiotherapy, it is also difficult to define the mechanisms by which radiotherapy would have caused them, if that were the case.
UEFA injury study: a prospective study of hip and groin injuries in professional football over seven consecutive seasons
Authors: Werner J , Hägglund M , Waldén M , Ekstrand J 
Published: November 2009

Background:Groin injury is a common injury in football and a complicated area when it comes to diagnosis and therapy. There is a lack of comprehensive epidemiological data on groin injuries in professional football.Objective:To investigate the incidence, pattern and severity of hip and groin injuries in professional footballers over seven consecutive seasons.Study design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:European professional football.Methods:During the 2001/2 to 2007/8 seasons, between nine and 17 clubs per season (23 clubs in total) were investigated, accounting for 88 club seasons in total. Time loss injuries and individual exposure during club and national team training sessions and matches were recorded.Main outcome measure:Injury incidence.Results:A total of 628 hip/groin injuries were recorded, accounting for 12–16% of all injuries per season. The total injury incidence was 1.1/1000 h (3.5/1000 match hours vs 0.6/1000 training hours, p<0.001) and was consistent over the seasons studied. Eighteen different diagnostic entities were registered, adductor (n = 399) and iliopsoas (n = 52) related injuries being the most common. More than half of the injuries (53%) were classified as moderate or severe (absence of more than a week), the mean absence per injury being 15 days. Reinjuries accounted for 15% of all registered injuries. In the 2005/6 to 2007/8 seasons, 41% of all diagnoses relied solely on clinical examination.Conclusions:Hip/groin injuries are common in professional football, and the incidence over consecutive seasons is consistent. Hip/groin injuries are associated with long absences. Many hip/groin diagnoses are based only on clinical examination.
Correlation of needle core biopsy with excision histology in screen-detected B3 lesions: the Merrion Breast Screening Unit experience
Authors: Hayes B D , O’Doherty A , Quinn C M 
Published: November 2009

Aims:Needle core biopsy (NCB) is a widely-used technique for non-operative evaluation of screen-detected breast lesions. Although most NCBs are B2 (benign) or B5 (malignant), some fall into the B3 category of “uncertain malignant potential”. This study aims to categorise the lesions prompting a B3 NCB in the Merrion Breast Screening Unit, and establish the incidence of malignancy on subsequent excision biopsy.Methods:Patients attending the Merrion Breast Screening Unit in Dublin between 2000 and 2008 who had a B3 NCB were identified. The NCB pathology reports were reviewed and the diagnosis correlated with excision histology; the latter was classified as benign, atypical or malignant. Lesion-specific positive predictive values (PPVs) for malignancy were derived.Results:141 patients with a B3 NCB were identified. The most frequent lesions on NCB were radial scar (RS; n = 57), atypical intraductal epithelial proliferation (AIDEP; n = 25) and papillary lesion (n = 24). The final diagnosis was malignant in 22 patients (16%), atypical in 40 (28%) and benign in 79 (56%). Two of the patients with a malignant diagnosis had invasive carcinoma. The lesion-specific PPVs were: lobular neoplasia 50%, AIDEP 32%, columnar cell lesion with atypia 12.5%, RS 12.3%, papillary lesion 8.3%, suspected phyllodes tumour 7.7%, and spindle cell lesion 0%. Atypia on RS NCB predicted an atypical or malignant excision diagnosis, but atypia on papillary lesion NCB did not.Conclusions:One-sixth of B3 NCBs in this series proved to be malignant on excision. The PPV for malignancy varied according to lesion type.
ALIGNMENT OF CARBON NANOTUBES USING MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES
Authors: ALDAJAH S. , CHATTERJEE J. , ALRAWADEH M. , KOSURI A. , HAIK Y. 
Published: November 2009

Carbon nanotubes are driving scientific research nowadays. This field has several important directions in basic research, including chemistry, electronic transport, mechanical, and field emission properties. The most eye-catching features of carbon nanotubes are their electronic, mechanical, optical, and chemical characteristics, which open a way to future applications. One of the most important applications of nanotubes based on their properties will be as reinforcements in composite materials. One of the biggest concerns to nanotube industry is the alignment problem which has limited the usage and utilizations of carbon nanotubes in composites. The ability to impose a preferred alignment of carbon nanotubes in a composite will increase the effectiveness of utilizing nanotubes in composite applications. The alignment of nanotubes will maximize the interfacial bonding across the nanotube matrix interface. In this research, we developed a methodology and a process to align nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites by means of a magnetic field. By doing so, we will get a very strong nanocomposite that can be used in the composites industry. The proposed mechanism aims at aligning the carbon nanotubes by means of nanomagnetic particles that are adsorbed on the nanotube surfaces and by applying an external magnetic field. SEM analysis have shown that nanomagnetic particles with the assistance of the magnetic field were able to align the carbon nanotubes in the desired direction.
SYNTHESIS OF Cu–Al2O3 METAL MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITE POWDER FROM CuO AND Al POWDERS BY USING HIGH ENERGY PLANETARY FAST MILLING
Authors: MOTAMAN ASHKAN , SALAHI ESMAEIL 
Published: November 2009

Cu–Al2O3 metal matrix nanocomposite powder has been synthesized from CuO and Al powders using high energy planetary fast milling. Mechanical alloying was used to produce 20% Vol. Alumina as a reinforcement phase in copper matrix. Reactive milling between Cu ( Al ) solid solution and CuO powders lead to formation of Cu–Al2O3 metal matrix composite. To obtain Cu ( Al ) solid solution, Cu and Al powders with Cu:Al atomic ratio of six were mechanically alloyed for 50 h. XRD analysis showed that during the reaction of Cu ( Al ) solid solution and CuO , Al solute is extracted from Cu ( Al ) solid solution and reacted with oxygen of CuO to form alumina particles while copper turning back to pure Cu . Presence of alumina particles with sizes smaller than 50 nm was observed in TEM micrographs.
Prognostic Significance of Growth Kinetics in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastomas Revealed by Combining Serial Imaging with a Novel Biomathematical Model
Authors: Wang Christina H. , Rockhill Jason K. , Mrugala Maciej , Peacock Danielle L. , Lai Albert , Jusenius Katy , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Cloughesy Timothy , Spence Alexander M. , Rockne Russ , Alvord Ellsworth C. , Swanson Kristin R. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive primary brain tumors, characterized by their rapid proliferation and diffuse infiltration of the brain tissue. Survival patterns in patients with glioblastoma have been associated with a number of clinicopathologic factors including age and neurologic status, yet a significant quantitative link to in vivo growth kinetics of each glioma has remained elusive. Exploiting a recently developed tool for quantifying glioma net proliferation and invasion rates in individual patients using routinely available magnetic resonance images (MRI), we propose to link these patient-specific kinetic rates of biological aggressiveness to prognostic significance. Using our biologically based mathematical model for glioma growth and invasion, examination of serial pretreatment MRIs of 32 glioblastoma patients allowed quantification of these rates for each patient's tumor. Survival analyses revealed that even when controlling for standard clinical parameters (e.g., age and Karnofsky performance status), these model-defined parameters quantifying biological aggressiveness (net proliferation and invasion rates) were significantly associated with prognosis. One hypothesis generated was that the ratio of the actual survival time after whatever therapies were used to the duration of survival predicted (by the model) without any therapy would provide a therapeutic response index (TRI) of the overall effectiveness of the therapies. The TRI may provide important information, not otherwise available, about the effectiveness of the treatments in individual patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that dynamic insight from routinely obtained pretreatment imaging may be quantitatively useful in characterizing the survival of individual patients with glioblastoma. Such a hybrid tool bridging mathematical modeling and clinical imaging may allow for stratifying patients for clinical studies relative to their pretreatment biological aggressiveness. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):9133–40]
In vivo Administration of Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells Activates Low-Avidity T Cells for Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Ugel Stefano , Zoso Alessia , De Santo Carmela , Li Yu , Marigo Ilaria , Zanovello Paola , Scarselli Elisa , Cipriani Barbara , Oelke Mathias , Schneck Jonathan P. , Bronte Vincenzo 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The development of effective antitumor immune responses is normally constrained by low-avidity, tumor-specific CTLs that are unable to eradicate the tumor. Strategies to rescue antitumor activity of low-avidity melanoma-specific CTLs in vivo may improve immunotherapy efficacy. To boost the in vivo effectiveness of low-avidity CTLs, we immunized mice bearing lung melanoma metastases with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC), made by covalently coupling pepMHC-Ig dimers and B7.1-Ig molecules to magnetic beads. aAPC treatment induced significant tumor reduction in a mouse telomerase antigen system, and complete tumor eradication in a mouse TRP-2 antigen system, when low-avidity CTLs specific for these antigens were adoptively transferred. In addition, in an in vivo treatment model of subcutaneous melanoma, aAPC injection also augmented the activity of adoptively transferred CTLs and significantly delayed tumor growth. In vivo tumor clearance due to aAPC administration correlated with in situ proliferation of the transferred CTL. In vitro studies showed that aAPC effectively stimulated cytokine release, enhanced CTL-mediated lysis, and TCR downregulation in low-avidity CTLs. Therefore, in vivo aAPC administration represents a potentially novel approach to improve cancer immunotherapy. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9376–84]
Circulating Carotenoids, Mammographic Density, and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Tamimi Rulla M. , Colditz Graham A. , Hankinson Susan E. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Mammographic density is one of the strongest predictors of breast cancer risk. Recently, it has been suggested that reactive oxygen species may influence breast cancer risk through its influence on mammographic density. In the current study, we addressed this hypothesis and also assessed if the association between carotenoids and breast cancer risk varies by mammographic density. We conducted a nested case-control study consisting of 604 breast cancer cases and 626 controls with prospectively measured circulating carotenoid levels and mammographic density in the Nurses' Health Study. Circulating levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin were measured. We used a computer-assisted thresholding method to measure percent mammographic density. We found no evidence that circulating carotenoids are inversely associated with mammographic density. However, mammographic density significantly modified the association between total circulating carotenoids and breast cancer (P heterogeneity = 0.008). Overall, circulating total carotenoids were inversely associated with breast cancer risk (P trend = 0.01). Among women in the highest tertile of mammographic density, total carotenoids were associated with a 50% reduction in breast cancer risk (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3–0.8). In contrast, there was no inverse association between carotenoids and breast cancer risk among women with low mammographic density. Similarly, among women in the highest tertile of mammographic density, high levels of circulating α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin were associated with a significant 40% to 50% reduction in breast cancer risk (P trend &lt; 0.05). Our results suggest that plasma levels of carotenoids may play a role in reducing breast cancer risk, particularly among women with high mammographic density. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9323–9]
Heat Shock Factor 1–Mediated Aneuploidy Requires a Defective Function of p53
Authors: Kim Eun-Ho , Lee Yoon-Jin , Bae Sangwoo , Lee Jae Seon , Kim Joon , Lee Yun-Sil 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Because heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) phosphorylation by Plk1 has been previously reported to be involved in mitotic regulation and p53 function may be involved in this mitotic regulation, we have further examined HSF1 functions in mitotic regulation according to p53 status. Nocodazole-mediated aneuploidy was increased in p53-defective (p53Mut) cells; however, it was not increased in p53 wild-type (p53WT) cells. Phosphorylation of HSF1 at Ser216 was increased in p53Mut cells with increased stability of securin and cyclin B1 in mitosis compared with p53WT cells. The interaction of p53 with Plk1 that was shown in p53WT cells and that induced normal mitotic checkpoint function was not observed in p53Mut cells; instead, the binding of HSF1 with Plk1 and HSF1 phosphorylation at Ser216 were seen in p53Mut cells, which resulted in increased aneuploidy production. Moreover, the interaction affinity of Cdc20 with Mad2 was inhibited in p53Mut cells, whereas the interaction between Cdc20 and HSF1 was increased. From the data, it was suggested that HSF1-mediated aneuploidy was more facilitated in p53-defective cells, indicating the importance of novel mechanisms for p53 function in HSF1-mediated mitotic regulation and genomic instability. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9404–12]
Hypoxia-Regulated Delta-like 1 Homologue Enhances Cancer Cell Stemness and Tumorigenicity
Authors: Kim Yuri , Lin Qun , Zelterman Daniel , Yun Zhong 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Reduced oxygenation, or hypoxia, inhibits differentiation and facilitates stem cell maintenance. Hypoxia commonly occurs in solid tumors and promotes malignant progression. Hypoxic tumors are aggressive and exhibit stem cell–like characteristics. It remains unclear, however, whether and how hypoxia regulates cancer cell differentiation and maintains cancer cell stemness. Here, we show that hypoxia increases the expression of the stem cell gene DLK1, or delta-like 1 homologue (Drosophila), in neuronal tumor cells. Inhibition of DLK1 enhances spontaneous differentiation, decreases clonogenicity, and reduces in vivo tumor growth. Overexpression of DLK1 inhibits differentiation and enhances tumorigenic potentials. We further show that the DLK1 cytoplasmic domain, especially Tyrosine339 and Serine355, is required for maintaining both clonogenicity and tumorigenicity. Because elevated DLK1 expression is found in many tumor types, our observations suggest that hypoxia and DLK1 may constitute an important stem cell pathway for the regulation of cancer stem cell–like functionality and tumorigenicity. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9271–80]
EZH2 Is Essential for Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance
Authors: Suvà Mario-Luca , Riggi Nicolò , Janiszewska Michalina , Radovanovic Ivan , Provero Paolo , Stehle Jean-Christophe , Baumer Karine , Le Bitoux Marie-Aude , Marino Denis , Cironi Luisa , Marquez Victor E. , Clément Virginie , Stamenkovic Ivan 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Overexpression of the polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) occurs in diverse malignancies, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Based on its ability to modulate transcription of key genes implicated in cell cycle control, DNA repair, and cell differentiation, EZH2 is believed to play a crucial role in tissue-specific stem cell maintenance and tumor development. Here, we show that targeted pharmacologic disruption of EZH2 by the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), or its specific downregulation by short hairpin RNA (shRNA), strongly impairs GBM cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal in vitro and tumor-initiating capacity in vivo. Using genome-wide expression analysis of DZNep-treated GBM CSCs, we found the expression of c-myc, recently reported to be essential for GBM CSCs, to be strongly repressed upon EZH2 depletion. Specific shRNA-mediated downregulation of EZH2 in combination with chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that c-myc is a direct target of EZH2 in GBM CSCs. Taken together, our observations provide evidence that direct transcriptional regulation of c-myc by EZH2 may constitute a novel mechanism underlying GBM CSC maintenance and suggest that EZH2 may be a valuable new therapeutic target for GBM management. [Cancer Res 2009;69(24):9211–8]