bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure enhances the anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors in rats during cocaine withdrawal
Authors: Méndez Susana Barbosa , Salazar‐Juárez Alberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrenatal drug exposure is a public health problem, which results in profound behavioral problems during childhood and adolescence, mainly represented by an increase in the risk of cocaine abuse at an early age. In rodents, prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure enhanced locomotor activity and cocaine‐ or nicotine‐induced locomotor sensitization. Various authors consider that the adverse emotional states (anxiety and depression) that occur during cocaine withdrawal are the main factors that precipitate, relapse, and increase chronic cocaine abuse, which could increase the risk of relapse of cocaine abuse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors at different times (30, 60, 90, and 120 days) of cocaine withdrawal in rats born to females exposed prenatally and postnatally to cocaine. A group of pregnant female Wistar rats were administered daily from day GD0 to GD21 with cocaine (cocaine preexposure group), and another group of pregnant female rats was administered daily with saline (saline preexposure group). Of the litters resulting from the cocaine‐pre‐exposed and saline‐pre‐exposed pregnant female groups, only the male rats were used for the recording of the anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors at different times (30, 60, 90, and 120 days) of cocaine withdrawal The study found that prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure dose‐dependent enhanced anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors. This suggests that prenatal and postnatal cocaine exposure can result in enhanced vulnerability to cocaine abuse in young and adult humans.
Cenicriviroc, a CCR2/CCR5 antagonist, promotes the generation of type 1 regulatory T cells
Authors: Madan Upasna , Verma Bhawna , Awasthi Amit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCenicriviroc, a dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist, initially developed as an anti‐HIV drug, has shown promising results in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis phase 2 clinical trials. It inhibits the infiltration and activation of CCR2+/CCR5+ monocytes and macrophages to the site of liver injury, preventing liver fibrosis. However, the role of Cenicriviroc in the modulation of helper T cell differentiation and functions remains to be explored. In inflamed colons of Crohn's disease patients, CCR2+ and CCR5+ CD4+ T cells are enriched. Considering the role of CCR2+ and CCR5+ T cells in IBD pathogenesis, we investigated the potential role of Cenicriviroc in colitis. Our in vitro studies revealed that Cenicriviroc inhibits Th1‐, Th2‐, and Th17‐cell differentiation while promoting the generation of type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1), known for preventing inflammation through induction of IL‐10. This study is the first to report that Cenicriviroc promotes Tr1 cell generation by up‐regulating the signature of Tr1 cell transcription factors such as c‐Maf, Prdm1, Irf‐1, Batf, and EGR‐2. Cenicriviroc displayed a protective effect in experimental colitis models by preventing body weight loss and intestinal inflammation and preserving epithelial barrier integrity. We show that Cenicriviroc induced IL‐10 and inhibited the generation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IFN‐γ, IL‐17, IL‐6, and IL‐1β during colitis. Based on our data, we propose Cenicriviroc as a potential therapeutic in controlling tissue inflammation by inhibiting the generation and functions of effector T cells and promoting the induction of anti‐inflammatory Tr1 cells.
Onshore versus offshore capacity factor and reliability for wind energy production in Germany: 2010–2022
Authors: Vogel E. E. , Saravia G. , Kobe S. , Schuster R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSimilarities and differences between the features related to the productivity of onshore and offshore wind energy are developed with the aid of information theory techniques complemented by normal statistics. The data comes from the 13‐year period between 2010 and 2022 for the registered turbines in Germany (practically all). The information content of the generated power is dynamically measured by the mutability of the files storing the information. Monthly statistics show that in spite of the Summer months being relatively unproductive, the corresponding mutability shows the possibility of making use of short periods of intermediate productivity in the case of offshore plants. Favorable conditions for wind energy generation in Wintertime are reached for both onshore and offshore production, although the latter is favored. More homogeneity and stability in the data are still necessary to generalize algorithms, protocols, and criteria. This general study shows the success of the information theory techniques in describing wind ramps. Applications to specific zones could improve the efficiency and capacity factor of particular wind turbines depending on their exposure to wind streams or the blocking of nearby mountains and forestry. The information theory techniques presented here allow for a different and novel viewpoint to detect favorable and unfavorable wind energy periods.
Changing patterns of routine laboratory testing over time at children's hospitals
Authors: Tchou Michael J. , Hall Matt , Markham Jessica L. , Stephens John R. , Steiner Michael J. , McCoy Elisha , Aronson Paul L. , Shah Samir S. , Molloy Matthew J. , Cotter Jillian M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundResearch into low‐value routine testing at children's hospitals has not consistently evaluated changing patterns of testing over time.ObjectivesTo identify changes in routine laboratory testing rates at children's hospitals over ten years and the association with patient outcomes.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsWe performed a multi‐center, retrospective cohort study of children aged 0–18 hospitalized with common, lower‐severity diagnoses at 28 children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information Systems database.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWe calculated average annual testing rates for complete blood counts, electrolytes, and inflammatory markers between 2010 and 2019 for each hospital. A >2% average testing rate change per year was defined as clinically meaningful and used to separate hospitals into groups: increasing, decreasing, and unchanged testing rates. Groups were compared for differences in length of stay, cost, and 30‐day readmission or ED revisit, adjusted for demographics and case mix index.ResultsOur study included 576,572 encounters for common, low‐severity diagnoses. Individual hospital testing rates in each year of the study varied from 0.3 to 1.4 tests per patient day. The average yearly change in hospital‐specific testing rates ranged from –6% to +7%. Four hospitals remained in the lowest quartile of testing and two in the highest quartile throughout all 10 years of the study. We grouped hospitals with increasing (8), decreasing (n = 5), and unchanged (n = 15) testing rates. No difference was found across subgroups in costs, length of stay, 30‐day ED revisit, or readmission rates. Comparing resource utilization trends over time provides important insights into achievable rates of testing reduction.
Modern management of the axilla
Authors: Boland Michael R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurgical management of the axilla has evolved considerably in recent years, with a strong focus on de‐escalation to minimise morbidity whilst maintaining oncological outcomes. Current trials will focus on the omission of Sentinel node biopsy in select groups of patients, while axillary lymph node dissection will be reserved for those with more aggressive disease.
CPAK classification cannot be used to determine segmental coronal extra‐articular knee deformity
Authors: Loddo Glauco , An Jae‐Sung , Claes Steven , Jacquet Christophe , Kley Kristian , Argenson Jean‐Noël , Sharma Akash , Ollivier Matthieu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeWhile the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classification serves as a useful guide in personalising total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the extent of its correlation with segmental coronal extra‐articular knee deformities remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the potential correlation between CPAK matrix groups and segmental coronal extra‐articular deformities in prearthritic knees, shedding light on the relationship between these two factors that seems to be both essential to perform personalised TKA.Materials and MethodsA radiological assessment of 1240 nonarthritic knees was performed by evaluating lower limb measurements following the protocol established by Paley et al. Subsequently, all knees were classified into their respective CPAK matrix groups. In our quest to discern any correlation between the CPAK matrix groups and the presence of segmental coronal extra‐articular knee deformities, nine potential coronal extra‐articular deformity phenotype (CEDP) groupswere identified based on medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA). Neutral values for MPTA and mLDFA were set at 90.0° ± 3.0° and then at 87.0° ± 2.0°. Each CPAK matrix group underwent detailed coronal morphology analysis and then, segmental coronal extra‐articular deformities were assessed by comparing them with the CEDP groups.ResultsThe study revealed a mean hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA) of 178.6° ± 4.4°, mLDFA of 86.9° ± 2.5°, MPTA of 85.4° ± 2.4°, arithmetic HKA of −1.4° ± 3.2° and joint line obliquity of 172.5° ± 3.7°. The varus CPAK groups (I/IV/VII) included 435 patients, the neutral groups (II/V/VIII) comprised 630 patients and the valgus groups (III/VI/IX) had 175 patients. Notably, CPAK matrix groups were not distinctly associated with specific coronal extra‐articular deformity phenotype (CEDP) groups. Particularly among the most common CPAK matrix groups (I/II/III/IV/V), there was a significant variation in segmental coronal extra‐articular deformity patterns. Moreover, when neutral MPTA/mLDFA values were set at 87.0° ± 2.0°, the CPAK matrix groups exhibited even greater variability in coronal extra‐articular deformities.ConclusionThe CPAK matrix groups do not exhibit a direct correlation with a specific extra‐articular deformity pattern (CEDP), thus rendering them unsuitable for determining segmental coronal extra‐articular knee deformities.Level of EvidenceLevel III, retrospective diagnostic study.
Dynamic radiostereometry can objectively quantify the kinematic laxity patterns and rotation instability of the knee during a pivot‐shift test
Authors: Vind Tobias Dahl , Petersen Emil Toft , Sørensen Ole Gade , Lindgren Lars , Stilling Maiken 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe pivot‐shift test is used to clinically assess knee instability in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesions; however, it has low interobserver reliability. Dynamic radiostereometry (dRSA) is a highly precise and noninvasive method for the objective evaluation of joint kinematics. The purpose of this study was to quantify precise knee kinematics during a pivot‐shift test using dRSA imaging.MethodEight human donor legs, including hemipelvises, were evaluated. Arthroscopic intervention was performed inducing ligament lesions in the ACL, and anterolateral ligament (ALL) section was performed as a capsular incision. The pivot‐shift test was recorded with dRSA on knees with intact ligaments, ACL‐deficient and ACL + ALL‐deficient knees.ResultsA pivot‐shift pattern was identifiable after ligament lesion, as a change in tibial posterior drawer velocity from 7.8 mm/s (95% CI: 3.7; 11.9) in ligament intact knees to 30.4 mm/s (95% CI 23.0; 38.8) after ACL lesion to 35.1 mm/s (95% CI 23.4; 46.7) after combined ACL‐ALL lesion. The anterior‐posterior drawer excursion increased from 2.8 mm (95% CI 2.1; 3.4) in ligament intact knees to 7.2 mm (95% CI 5.5; 8.9) after ACL lesion to 7.6 mm (95% CI 5.5; 9.8) after combined lesion. A statistically significant increase in tibial external rotation towards the end of the pivot‐shift motion was observed when progressing from intact to ACL + ALL‐deficient knees (p < 0.023).ConclusionThis experimental study demonstrates the feasibility of dRSA to objectively quantify the kinematic laxity patterns of the knee during the pivot‐shift test. The dynamic parameters obtained through dRSA revealed the kinematic changes from ACL to combined ACL‐ALL ligament lesion.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
Shoulder dislocations in professional male football (soccer): A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the German Bundesliga from season 2012/2013 until 2022/2023
Authors: Schneider Kristian Nikolaus , Zafeiris Theodoros , Gosheger Georg , Klingebiel Sebastian , Rickert Carolin , Schachtrup Tim , Theil Christoph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeInjuries exert a detrimental impact on the team performance in professional football. Shoulder dislocations are known for their severity and often cause substantial lay‐off times. However, there is a notable gap in the general understanding regarding the frequency and convalescence of these events in professional football. Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to determine the incidence, (2) to evaluate return to competition (RTC) and redislocation events (RDEs) and (3) to identify relevant player‐, match‐ and injury‐related parameters.MethodsAll shoulder dislocations within the highest three German football leagues (1.–3. Bundesliga) during the seasons 2012/2013 until 2022/2023 were identified. Player‐, injury‐ and match‐related data were obtained by performing a media analysis. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. p Value was set at 0.05.ResultsA total of 90 first‐time shoulder dislocations in 89 players with a median age of 25 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 23–28) were available for analysis. The incidence was 9.1 per 1000 Bundesliga matches played and increased over time. Forty‐four (49%) shoulder dislocations were treated conservatively and 46 (51%) operatively. Median RTC was 24 days (IQR: 12–43) following conservative and 103 days (IQR: 85–135) following surgical treatment (p < 0.001). Twenty‐two (24%) players suffered a redislocation, of whom 13 (59%) underwent initial conservative and nine (41%) initial surgical treatment (not significant [n.s.]). RDE following conservative treatment was after a median of 4 months (IQR: 2–22) and 7 months (IQR: 3–23) following surgical treatment (n.s.).ConclusionThe incidence of shoulder dislocation within professional football is increasing and currently amounts to 9.1 per 1000 matches played. A conservative treatment leads to a quicker RTC, while frequency and time to RDE were similar regardless of treatment. The increasing incidence of shoulder dislocations in professional football necessitates an analysis of relevant injury mechanisms and the implementation of specific preventive measures.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Direct Optical Convolution Computing Based on Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router
Authors: Cheng Jialin , Li Chong , Dai Jun , Chu Yayan , Niu Xinxiang , Dong Xiaowen , He Jian‐Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptical convolution computing is gaining traction owing to its inherent parallelism, multi‐dimensional processing, and energy efficiency. To handle input dimensions of N, conventional implementations necessitate N2 optical elements, such as Mach–Zehnder interferometers or micro‐ring resonators, to process multiply‐accumulate (MAC) operations, limiting scalability and resulting in elevated power consumption. Here, a direct convolution computing method based on wavelength routing, utilizing the unique sliding property of an arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR) to perform the sliding window operation of the convolution in the wavelength–space domains is proposed. With two input vectors directly loaded onto two modulator arrays, the convolution result is instantaneously produced at a photodetector array. The entire convolution computation is executed within a single clock cycle without the need for preprocessing or decomposition into elementary MAC operations. The number of active elements is minimal, only needed for input/output. The proposed optical convolution unit has striking advantages of high scalability, high speed, and processing simplicity compared to those based on optical matrix‐vector multipliers. In the first experimental demonstration, a remarkable classification accuracy of up to 98.2% in handwritten digit recognition tasks using a LeNet‐5 neural network is achieved.
Screening Thermochromic Luminescent Materials in Cs‐Cd‐Br Ternary Phase Diagram for Temperature Visualization Applications
Authors: Liao Wei , Zhou Xinquan , Jin Jiance , Wang Yuzhen , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThermochromic luminescent materials (TLMs) with spectral responsiveness to thermal stimuli have received broad attention due to the forefront applications in temperature visualization and sensing technologies. Herein, a phase diagram‐driven strategy for designing TLMs in Cs–Cd–Br ternary system is presented. The room temperature stable Cs7Cd3Br13 crystal is first obtained by utilizing a facile hydrothermal method, and the self‐trapped exciton (STE) luminescence is improved by breaking local symmetry via Mg2+ doping. Then thermochromic luminescence is further realized in Mn2+ co‐doped Cs7Cd3Br13 on the basis of reversible structural transition to metastable Cs2CdBr4 under thermal stimuli. The emission color change from bright yellow to green benefits from the variation of crystal fields around Mn2+, which can be switched by heating and cooling circulations. Finally, the resulting material is used as a demo to visualize the temperature of a homemade high‐frequency induction heating sintering platform.
Mechanism of Musashi2 affecting radiosensitivity of lung cancer by modulating DNA damage repair
Authors: Qu Hongjin , Shi Xiong , Xu Ying , Qin Hongran , Li Junshi , Cai Shanlin , Zhao Jianpeng , Wan Bingbing , Yang Yanyong , Li Bailong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIdentifying new targets for overcoming radioresistance is crucial for improving the efficacy of lung cancer radiotherapy, given that tumor cell resistance is a leading cause of treatment failure. Recent research has spotlighted the significance of Musashi2 (MSI2) in cancer biology. In this study, we first demonstrated that MSI2 plays a key function in regulating the radiosensitivity of lung cancer. The expression of MSI2 is negatively correlated with overall survival in cancer patients, and the knockdown of MSI2 inhibits tumorigenesis and increases radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells. Cellular radiosensitivity, which is closely linked to DNA damage, is influenced by MSI2 interaction with ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3‐related kinase (ATR) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) post‐irradiation; moreover, knockdown of MSI2 inhibits the ATR‐mediated DNA damage response pathway. RNA‐binding motif protein 17 (RBM17), which is implicated in DNA damage repair, exhibits increased interaction with MSI2 post‐irradiation. We found that knockdown of RBM17 disrupted the interaction between MSI2 and ATR post‐irradiation and increased the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we revealed the potential mechanism of MSI2 recruitment into the nucleus with the assistance of RBM17 to activate ATR to promote radioresistance. This study provides novel insights into the potential application of MSI2 as a new target in lung cancer radiotherapy.
Right ventricular volume and function by three‐dimensional echocardiography: results of the echocardiographic measurements in normal Chinese adults (EMINCA) II
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Ying‐Bin , Yao Gui‐Hua , Tang Hong , Chen Li‐Xin , Yin Li‐Xue , Zhu Tian‐Gang , Yuan Jian‐Jun , Han Wei , Yang Jun , Shu Xian‐Hong , Yang Ya , Wei Yu‐Lin , Guo Yan‐Li , Ren Wei‐Dong , Gao Dong‐Mei , Lu Gui‐Lin , Wu Ji , Yin Hong‐Ning , Mu Yu‐Ming , Tian Jia‐Wei , Yuan Li‐Jun , Ma Xiao‐Jing , Dai Hong‐Yan , Ding Yun‐Chuan , Ding Ming‐Yan , Zhou Qing , Wang Hao , Xu Di , Zhang Mei , Zhang Yun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography is an emerging technique for assessing right ventricular (RV) volume and function, but 3D‐RV normal values from a large Chinese population are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to establish normal values of 3D‐RV volume and function in healthy Chinese volunteers. A total of 1117 Han Chinese volunteers from 28 laboratories in 20 provinces of China were enrolled, and 3D‐RV images of 747 volunteers with optimal image quality were ultimately analyzed by a core laboratory. Both vendor‐dependent and vendor‐independent software platforms were used to analyze the 3D‐RV images. We found that men had larger RV volumes than women did in the whole population, even after indexing to body surface area, and older individuals had smaller RV volumes. The normal RV volume was significantly smaller than that recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines in both sexes. There were significant differences in 3D‐RV measurements between the two vendor ultrasound systems and the different software platforms. The echocardiographic measurements in normal Chinese adults II study revealed normal 3D‐RV volume and function in a large Chinese population, and there were significant differences between the sexes, ages, races, and vendor groups. Thus, normal 3D‐RV values should be stratified by sex, age, race, and vendor.
Reduced resource competition based on mCAP and FD‐OZCZ code for VLCP system
Authors: Jin Jianli , Wang Shouwei , Wang Jianping , Shang Qianlong , Song Yuqi , Chen Danyang , Lu Huimin , Feng Lifang , Chen Hongyao , Zou Yulong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe advancement of smart cities and intelligent industries has accentuated the necessity for reliable indoor communication and precise indoor positioning. In response, this paper presents an innovative integrated system for indoor visible light communication and positioning, designed to facilitate robust communication and pinpoint accuracy in positioning for indoor applications. We incorporate multiband carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation to mitigate interference between communication and positioning subcarriers. Unlike the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing‐based subcarrier modulation (OFDM‐SCM), CAP demonstrates reduced out‐of‐band interference and a diminished peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). Moreover, we introduce the frequency domain optical zero correlation zone (FD‐OZCZ) code, integrated within the CAP signal to optimize the distribution of positioning subcarriers. Simulation outcomes substantiate that our proposed CAP, augmented with FD‐OZCZ, outperforms OFDM‐SCM systems in delivering reliable communication and exceptional positioning accuracy.
SPICE‐based modeling of a polarization‐independent active frequency selective surface based tunable absorber with high angular stability
Authors: Bajaj Priyanka , Kundu Debidas , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNowadays, demand for active frequency‐selective surfaces (FSSs) is increasing due to their reconfigurable characteristics. Numerical simulations of reactive elements require a model that can replicate their physical realization. Traditionally, reactive elements are modeled as approximated lumped circuits during electromagnetic simulations. However, such lumped circuits might fail to replicate device characteristics at high frequencies, leading to approximate results. This paper presents an alternative method to model reactive elements using their simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis models (SPICE) in circuit co‐simulations. The proposed modeling method is investigated by realizing a varactor‐loaded active FSS‐based tunable absorber. Simulated results indicate that the proposed absorber provides tunability in a wide frequency range from 0.54 to 2.09 GHz under normal incidence when electrostatic bias varies from 0 to 28 V. Moreover, polarization‐independent and exhibits stable frequency response for oblique incidences up to 80° for dual‐polarizations. These characteristics make it a potential candidate for stealth applications.