bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating Order out of Chaos: A Leadership Approach
Authors: Chadwick Maureen Melia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCommunication is of the utmost importance for effective teamwork, yet promoting effective communication and overcoming the cultural belief that conflict is “bad” are key challenges for leaders. To provide optimal patient care, perioperative nurse leaders should assess the culture in which they work and develop strategies to build solid credible relationships within their teams.This article introduces the Complex Adaptive Leadership Model, which has underpinnings in complexity science, as a means to promote culture change and promote productive conflict. The concepts and relationships presented in this model reflect real‐world situations and provide strategies for leadership and team development.This model was implemented at one Pennsylvania facility and led to improved outcomes in the perioperative arena related to the Surgical Care Improvement Project indicators during a one‐year period.
Care of the Patient Undergoing Surgical Excision of a Carotid Body Chemodectoma
Authors: Tinkham Michelle Rovena 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe carotid body is a small mass of tissue inside the carotid bifurcation that reacts to the body's level of oxygen. In rare cases, the carotid body may develop a tumor known as a chemodectoma or paraganglioma. These tumors can vary in size and, typically, they are benign. Although carotid body tumors usually are painless and slow growing, they may cause a compression syndrome that results in symptoms such as dysphagia.The treatment of choice for many carotid body tumors is surgical removal, but there are risks involved with resecting these tumors because of their close location to the carotid vessels and cranial nerves. The use of newer imaging modalities to allow earlier detection of carotid body tumors and careful surgical technique can decrease the complications associated with this challenging surgical procedure.
Clinical Issues—January 2010
Authors: Blanchard Joan , Denholm Bonnie 
Published: January 2010

This MonthIdentifying wound infections and classifying surgical site infectionsKey words: surgical site infection (SSI), wound classifications, superficial incisional SSI, deep incisional SSI, organ space SSI.Establishing an ASC infection prevention and control programKey words: infection prevention and control program, health care‐associated infection, ambulatory surgery center, infection surveillance.Guidelines for design and construction of health care facilitiesKey words: construction guidelines, American Institute of Architects, Facility Guidelines Institute.
Vocal function following discharge from intensive care
Authors: Nixon I , Ramsay S , MacKenzie K 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntroduction:There is growing interest in the long term outcomes of critical care. The degree of vocal morbidity suffered by patients surviving intensive care admission has not previously been reported.Objective:To determine the degree of subjective, patient-reported vocal morbidity following discharge from intensive care.Materials and methods:A prospective study was undertaken of patients admitted to intensive care. A total of 273 consecutive admissions were assessed; 181 patients were suitable for inclusion.Main outcome measure:The Voice Symptom Scale questionnaire.Results:Eighty-three patients responded. Twenty-seven patients (33 per cent) reported a degree of vocal morbidity greater than that suffered by patients treated for early laryngeal cancer. Thirteen patients (16 per cent) reported a degree of morbidity greater than that suffered by patients attending voice clinics.Conclusion:Up to one-third of patients who survived admission to an intensive care unit reported suffering significant vocal morbidity. The Voice Symptom Scale could be used in an intensive care follow-up setting to identify and ensure the referral of such patients.
Case report of Zenker's diverticulum in identical twins: further evidence for genetic predisposition
Authors: Klockars T , Mäkitie A 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective:We report identical twins with Zenker's diverticulum.Methods:Case report and literature review.Conclusions:Geographical and racial variation in occurrence, and rare familial cases, suggest that inherited factors play a role in the pathogenesis of Zenker's diverticulum. The identical twins reported here provide further evidence supporting a genetic predisposition.
Deinstitutionalization revisited: a 5-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial of hospital-based rehabilitation versus specialized assertive intervention (OPUS) versus standard treatment for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Nordentoft M. , Øhlenschlæger J. , Thorup A. , Petersen L. , Jeppesen Pia , Bertelsen M. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundThe effects of hospital-based rehabilitation including weekly supportive psychodynamic therapy compared with specialized assertive intervention and standard treatment has not previously been investigated in first-episode psychosis. The aim of the study was to examine long-term effect on use of institutional care of different intensive interventions for patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder on use of psychiatric bed days and days in supported housing.MethodA total of 94 severely ill patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders were included in a special part of the Copenhagen OPUS trial and randomized to either the specialized assertive intervention program (OPUS), standard treatment or hospital-based rehabilitation.ResultsIt was a stable pattern that patients randomized to hospital-based rehabilitation spent more days in psychiatric wards and in supported housing throughout the 5-year follow-up period compared with the two other groups. Patients in OPUS treatment spent significantly fewer days in psychiatric wards and supported housing in the first 3 years compared with patients in hospital-based rehabilitation. Due to attrition and small sample size, differences in level of psychotic and negative symptoms at 5-year follow-up could not be evaluated.ConclusionsThe study indicates that hospital-based rehabilitation together with weekly supportive psychodynamic therapy was associated with a continued increased use of psychiatric bed days and days in supported housing. The data cannot justify using hospital-based rehabilitation in first-episode psychosis.
Preliminary evidence that estradiol moderates genetic influences on disordered eating attitudes and behaviors during puberty
Authors: Klump K. L. , Keel P. K. , Sisk C. , Burt S. A. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundPuberty moderates genetic influences on disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, with little genetic influence before puberty but large (⩾50%) genetic effects during and after puberty. To date, however, nothing is known about the mechanisms that underlie these effects. Estradiol is a particularly promising candidate, as estrogens become elevated at puberty and regulate gene transcription within neurotransmitter systems important for eating-related phenotypes. The aim of this pilot study was to examine whether estradiol levels moderate genetic influences on disordered eating during puberty.MethodParticipants included 198 female twins (ages 10–15 years) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Disordered eating attitudes and behaviors were assessed with the total score, weight preoccupation, body dissatisfaction and binge eating/compensatory behavior subscales of the Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS). Afternoon saliva samples were assayed for estradiol levels. Moderation of genetic effects was examined by comparing twin correlations in low versus high estradiol groups.ResultsIn the low estradiol group, monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin correlations for all MEBS scales were similar, suggesting little genetic influence. In the high estradiol group, the MZ twin correlation was more than double the DZ twin correlation, indicating the presence of genetic effects. Findings could not be accounted for by age, body mass index or the physical changes of puberty.ConclusionsEstradiol may be one important moderator of genetic effects on disordered eating during puberty. Larger twin studies are needed to replicate this pilot work and quantify the extent of genetic moderation.
A new population of the Cone-billed Tanager Conothraupis mesoleuca, with information on the biology, behaviour and type locality of the species
Authors: CANDIA-GALLARDO CARLOS ERNESTO , SILVEIRA LUÍS FÁBIO , AKEMI KUNIY ADRIANA 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe ‘Critically Endangered’ Cone-billed Tanager Conothraupis mesoleuca was described in 1939, based on a single specimen collected in the state of Mato Grosso, western Brazil. Not seen again in the wild until 2003, this poorly-known species was rediscovered in Emas National Park, in the Brazilian state of Goiás. We describe here the discovery of a new population of Cone-billed Tanager in Chapada dos Parecis, along the upper Juruena River basin, in the state of Mato Grosso. The birds were always detected in (or near) flooded habitats along rivers. At least 40 individuals were found, but the population may be larger, since areas of potential habitat are available in the upper Juruena basin and these have not yet been surveyed. We also provide here the first information on the biology and behaviour of the species based on observations in Juruena and Emas, as well as a first description of the female. Historical documents and our records support our suggestion that “Juruena”, i.e. the type locality of the Cone-billed Tanager, refers to the Juruena telegraph station (12°50’S, 58°55’W). Considering that the range of the species is being settled, research on different aspects of its biology are urgent.
Flavonoid intake and disability-adjusted life years due to Alzheimer’s and related dementias: a population-based study involving twenty-three developed countries
Authors: Beking Kristopher , Vieira Amandio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveDietary flavonoids and their metabolites may have neuroprotective effects against age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and related dementias (dementia). There is a lack of population studies, however, on correlations between flavonoid intake and dementia. The main objective of the present study was to analyse such a relationship at a large-scale population level.DesignBased on global data (FAO, WHO), databases were generated for: (i) flavonoid content of foods; (ii) per capita national dietary intakes of flavonoids and other dietary factors; and (iii) disability-adjusted life years – a measure of burden and death – due to dementia. Five major flavonoid subclasses were examined. To minimize influences due to accuracy and reliability of the disease source data, twenty-three developed countries were selected after statistical evaluation.ResultsFlavonols and combined flavonoids (all five combined) intakes were the only two parameters with significant (P < 0·05) negative dementia correlations. Multiple linear regression models confirmed this relationship, and excluded confounding from some other dietary and non-dietary factors. Similar analyses with non-dementia, neurological/psychiatric diseases did not yield significant correlations.ConclusionsAt a global level, and in the context of different genetic backgrounds, our results suggest that higher consumption of dietary flavonoids, especially flavonols, is associated with lower population rates of dementia in these countries.
SEM-EDX at the Service of Archaeology to Unravel Historical Technology
Authors: Cardell Carolina , Guerra Isabel , Sánchez-Navas Antonio 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
It is well known that there is a profitable cooperation between archaeology and the scientific disciplines of chemistry, geology, biology, and physics with the aim of producing better interpretations of archaeological materials. This field of science is known as archaeometry. Two main goals of archaeometry are to analyze and characterize historic objects to preserve them and to investigate the knowledge and skills required to fabricate them. This latter information is essential in the evaluation of cultural and technological aspects of past societies and to further understand the transference of technological knowledge through time periods and geographical contexts.
Improving SEM Imaging Performance Using Beam Deceleration
Authors: Phifer D , Tuma L , Vystavel T , Wandrol P , Young RJ 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Beam Deceleration is a relatively simple method to reduce electron beam energy and improve imaging parameters such as resolution and contrast. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a sharply focused electron beam to probe the specimen surface. The energy of the electrons forming such a probe is determined by the electrical potential of the electron source, referred to as accelerating voltage or high voltage (HV). No matter how many times the electrons are accelerated or decelerated inside the column, they leave the column with an energy corresponding to the high voltage. The high voltage is usually controllable within a range of 200 V to 30 kV for most commercially available SEMs, allowing the operator to select the electron beam energy suitable for the application. Imaging with very low electron beam energy has great importance, which is illustrated by SEM instrumentation development over the last few decades [1–2]. Low voltage microscopy is a topic discussed at most microscopy-related conferences these days, but generally, it is approached with an immersion lens and field emission gun (FEG) SEM system because of the better beam current densities. However, beam deceleration is also a means to bring low kV improvement to SEMs with thermionic electron sources.
Innovative Instrumentation for Analysis of Nanoparticles: The π Steradian Detector
Authors: Zaluzec Nestor J 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The analysis was finally completed, the data graphed, and I had to admit to myself, it was looking like an auspicious moment. Only a few weeks earlier, Charlie Lyman and I had been discussing a project that I had been working on for some time, one in which I was admittedly being deliberately vague concerning the details. However, I had promised to keep him updated when it succeeded. Given the date (April 1st) and the data in hand, I couldn't resist sharing with him (and a few colleagues) the first results from that experiment—and my thinly veiled attempt at a quasi-April Fools Day joke. After we exchanged a number of emails that day, Charlie concluded his last message with the line that many of us have heard from both him and Ron Anderson: “A little more text and you can have an article in the July issue of MT.” Have I gotten you curious? Well then read on!
New Method to Quantify Angiogenesis in vivo Using Multi-photon Imaging
Authors: Herron B J , Smith J S , Cole R W 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Efforts to understand the basic mechanisms of angiogenesis, that is, the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, have been limited by the methods that are currently used to measure vessel growth. Although in vivo assays provide the best environment in which to track angiogenesis, inherent difficulties in obtaining reproducible data limit the power of this approach. Limitations include: environmental variations between experimental animals, induction of inflammatory responses by surgical methods, and labor-intensive blood vessel quantification procedures. A better assay would measure vessel growth in one animal at multiple time points and would focus on minimization of artifacts induced by experimental manipulation.
Low-Energy Focused Ion Beam Milling Provides Reduced Damage During TEM Sample Preparation
Authors: Roussel Laurent 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The combined focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), known as the DualBeam, is well-known for its unique ability to produce site-specific thin samples starting from bulk and then attaching the section to a transmission electron microscope (TEM) grid, all in-situ. It has been reported that producing a thin sample using a 30 kV gallium FIB creates surface damage several tens of nanometers deep. However, recent DualBeam technology improvements now enable the FIB to produce thin samples with a thickness well below 50 nanometers and deliver a tightly focused ion beam at an energy of 2 kV and below, which dramatically reduces the damage depth to as low as 1 to 2 nanometers in typical materials, such as silicon.
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy
Authors: Proksch Roger , Kalinin Sergei 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Coupling between electrical and mechanical phenomena is an important feature of functional inorganic materials and biological systems alike. The applications of electromechanically active materials include sonar, ultrasonic and medical imaging, sensors, actuators, and energy-harvesting technologies, as well as non-volatile computer memories. Electromechanical coupling in electromotor proteins and cellular membranes is the universal basis for biological functionalities from hearing to cardiac activity. The future will undoubtedly see the emergence of broad arrays of piezoelectric, biological, and molecular-based electromechanical systems to allow mankind the capability not only to “think” but also “act” on the nanoscale. The need for probing electromechanical functionalities has led to the development of Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) as a tool for local nanoscale imaging (Figures 1 and 2), spectroscopy, and manipulation of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials.
FIB Sample Preparation of Polymer Thin Films on Hard Substrates Using the Shadow-FIB Method
Authors: Kim Suhan , Liu Gao , Minor Andrew M 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Focused ion beam (FIB) instrumentation has proven to be extremely useful for preparing cross-sectional samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. The two most widely used methods involve milling a trench on either side of an electron-transparent window: the “H-bar” and the “lift-out” methods [1]. Although these two methods are very powerful in their versatility and ability to make site-specific TEM samples, they rely on using a sacrificial layer to protect the surface of the sample as well as the removal of a relatively large amount of material, depending on the size of the initial sample. In this article we describe a technique for making thin film cross-sections with the FIB, known as Shadow FIBing, that does not require the use of a sacrificial layer or long milling times [2].
Allocation of CaC03 Polymorphs in Biological Systems: A Confocal Raman-AFM Study
Authors: Schmidt U , Hild S , Ziegler A 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Biological composites have attracted increasing interest because of their outstanding properties and versatility. Crustaceans are interesting models for the study of these materials. They have a mineralized exoskeleton (cuticle) that provides support and protection. The structural organization of the cuticle is ubiquitous in arthropods: a hierarchically structured organic matrix composed of planes of parallel chitin-protein fibers that are stacked in a twisted plywood organization [1] associated with various amounts of minerals. The land-dwelling crustacean Porcellioscaber (P. scaber) is a well-established model organism for the study of the bio-mineralization processes [2, 3].
Using the Virtual Cell Simulation Environment for Extracting Quantitative Parameters from Live Cell Fluorescence Imaging Data
Authors: Cowan A E , Li Y , Morgan F R , Koppel D E , Slepchenko B M , Loew L M , Schaff J 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Rapid advances in fluorescence probe and imaging technologies now provide easily accessible tools for biologists to perform highly detailed analysis of molecular interactions in living cells. However it can be difficult to extract accurate parameters from these experiments because of the complex interplay of diffusion-reaction events with the morphology of the cell. As a result, only a small fraction of the available spatiotemporal information is utilized, and in many cases analysis remains at a qualitative level. The Virtual Cell (VCell, http://vcell.org) simulation environment is uniquely suited to analyzing these types of fluorescence imaging experiments because it is designed to solve reaction-diffusion equations within any given geometry [1]
Seismic Survey of the Locked and Unlocked Sumatra Subduction Zone
Authors: Singh Satish C. , Midenet Stephan , Djajadihardja Yusuf 
Published: January 2010

The Sumatra subduction zone is the most seismically active region on Earth. In the past 5 years, it has been the site of three great earthquakes, including the 26 December 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman earthquake. That event produced a devastating tsunami around the Indian Ocean that claimed approximately 230,000 lives and caused terrible damage and destruction.Part of the subduction zone still is locked and is likely to break in the next decade or so. To study the seismic and tsunami risk in this locked region, a deep seismic reflection survey, the Tsunami Investigation—Deep Evaluation Seismic (TIDES) project, was carried out in May 2009 using a CGGVeritas vessel towing a 15‐kilometer‐long streamer, the longest ever used during a seismic survey. The survey should provide the first ever seismic images of the locked zone from the seafloor down to a depth of 50 kilometers.
Investigating attractiveness in the hiring process of female athletes
Authors: Henderson Angela C. , Grappendorf Heidi , Burton Laura J. 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of attractiveness on perceptions of female athletes' potential success in managerial positions using role congruity as the theoretical framework.Design/methodology/approachUsing a simulated employment evaluation, participants (n=68 male,n=121 female) were asked to evaluate the résumé of either an attractive female athlete or an unattractive female athlete for an entry‐level management position in a sport organization. Participants evaluated the athlete on hiring recommendations, competence, and anticipated liking for the applicant.FindingsAnalysis of the data indicated that attractive‐looking athletes had a significant advantage over unattractive‐looking athletes on all dependent measures. Athletes perceived to be unattractive were more harshly evaluated for entry‐level managerial positions.Research limitations/implicationsThe unattractive‐looking female athletes in this study may have been perceived as having both the masculine characteristics of athlete in addition to appearing to be less feminine. This combination of the masculine role of athlete, heightened by a less‐feminine appearance (i.e. unattractive‐looking), may have negatively impacted the unattractive‐looking female athletes in this study, providing further support that when women demonstrate characteristics considered to violate appropriate gender roles, they will be punished for such violations. These findings are a potential addition to role congruity theory in that backlash was occurring as a result of violating two roles; being both athletic and less attractive.Originality/valueThis study was the first to explore if the influence of perceived attractiveness on hiring preferences for female athletes applying for management positions was similar to the influence of attractiveness as reported in research that has examined this influence for women in social and managerial settings. The results of the current study indicated female athletes that are perceived as unattractive must walk the tightrope of being masculine, but not too masculine.