bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocrates, eysenck and the sasang typology
Authors: Chae H. , Lee S.J. , Park S.H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionA systematic review of studies related to the psychological characteristics of Sasang typology, a traditional Korean personalized medicine utilizing acupuncture and medical herbs, was conducted with the goal of delineating generalizable psychological profiles of each types using western academic traditions.MethodsJournal articles were collected using 5 electronic database systems in the United States and Korea, and 21 peer reviewed research articles with psychometric inventories were included. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, the present study sought to report the mutual relevance of the studies based on research results pertaining to the correlation between psychological assessment instruments.ResultsResults of the review indicate that two super-factors of Eysenck, Extraversion and Neuroticism, serve as the foundation in regards to delineating personality constructs, such that the So-Yang type scored high on the Extraversion dimension and low on the Neuroticism dimension compared to the So-Eum type. Current studies with Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory also showed that the Novelty Seeking and the Harm Avoidance can be related to the So-Yang and the So-Eum type, respectively.ConclusionsThe present systematic review indicates that Neo-Confucianism-based Sasang typology shares similarities with the western psychological tradition. There is an urgent need to study similarities and differences between both of them in multiple perspectives including mechanism of action beneath the medical intervention. The Bio-psycho-social basis of the Sasang typology can guide us to the temperament-based personalized integrative medicine covering western orthodox and traditional oriental medicine.
Ambiguity tolerance in students entering medical school (SHIRAZ-2006)
Authors: Firoozabadi A. , Bahredar M.J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe ability to tolerate uncertainty or ambiguity was first identified as a stable personality variable by Budner (1962) who defined it as an individual's propensity to view ambiguous situation as either threatening or desirable.ObjectivesWe tried to measure ambiguity tolerance of medical students and compare the scale according to age, major and medical speciality preference.MethodBy a questionnaire designed by Budner(Budner Ambiguity Scale), we measured the ambiguity tolerance of 240students entering medical school.ResultsAnalysis of data showed significant difference between men and women (60.81, 63.24). We found no difference of ambiguity tolerance according to the other variables. Conclusion: These data show the higher degree of ambiguity intolerance among Iranian students compared to the levels reported by Budner (44–48). Proper education could lead to better understanding of own potentiality in the students. Ambiguity tolerance may be an important variable to assess and train so that students are better prepared for unstructured situations that promote thinking and parallel the complexities of the applied world.
Non-suicidal self-injury via intravenous nicotine application
Authors: Gahr M. , Freudenmann R. , Schoenfeldt-Lecuona C. 
Published: May 2011

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common among patients with borderline personality disorder(BPD) and is predominatly performed by cutting, scratching, burning and head banging. Here we present a case of an unusual form of NSSI.The patient, a 23-year old woman with BPD, presented in our clinic with a four month history of intravenous application of a liquid dosage form of nicotine that is generally used for nasal application. Based on the obsessive idea to die from nicotine the current intravenous nicotine abuse had originally developed within a suicide plan, where the patient had failed in inducing a lethal intoxication through ingestion of tobacco saturated water. Within first probatory intravenous applications of nicotine the patient observed the possibility to easily induce euphoria, immediate stress relaxation and reduction of inner tensions. Subsequently she abandoned other NSSI forms in favour of nicotine injections. Within four weeks she developed nicotine dependence according to ICD-10 F17.25. On time of admission she reported to inject herself up to thirty doses per day resulting in an approximate daily intravenous nicotine application of about 33 mg. We performed an in-patient detoxification whereat the patient did not develop a markedly withdrawal syndrome.To our knowledge, this is the first report on NSSI by intravenous application of nicotine in BPD resulting in nicotine dependence. Besides the singularity of the described NSSI method another major issue of the present case is the large amount of rapidly injected nicotine that has been tolerated without life threatening consequences.
Related type of personality a and mental health
Authors: Ghorbani Amir H. , Ahmadi Gatab T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionConstitutional factors in mental health can be effective is the concept of personality types. Because the major segments of the population of students form community activist, according to mental health in this group of people is very important and vital.ObjectivesThis study investigated the relationship between type A personality and mental health is.MethodsDescriptive research method is correlation. The study sample included 50 students of psychology Noor University city of Babol is the daughter of 25 people and 25 people will Psrtshkyl and randomly selected and two personality questionnaires and mental health a. Gold Leaf (GHQ) have responded.ResultsResults using Pearson correlation and t test using T spss 18 software were analyzed.Findings indicate that:1.Between personality types and mental health A significant relationship exists.2.Mean mental health of girls and boys there is no significant difference.3.Between type A personality and physical symptoms there is a significant relationship.4.Between type A personality and symptoms of anxiety and sleep disturbance is a significant correlation.5.Between type A personality and social function there is a significant relationship.6.Between type A personality and depressive symptoms are significantly related.7.Gender (boys and girls) and Type A Shkhsty are related.ConclusionsAccording to research results between type A personality and mental health of a significant relationship exists. Number of participants who had type A mental health are lower than the number of participants who had personality and B are.
Neural Correlates of Borderline Personality Disorder - A Review
Authors: Oliveira S. , Barbosa I. , Borges A. , Lopes E. , Lima C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe Borderline Personality (BP) disorder is defined as a limit state between neurosis and psychosis. The symptomatology observed in such disorder seems to be correlated with the dysfunction of specific areas of the human brain, such as cortical and sub-cortical ones.ObjectivesThis report aims to review the state of the art in order to better understand the correlation between the functional anatomy of the brain and the BP disorder, and its relevance to the symptomatic manifestation of this psychopathology.BackgroundThe stress response of patients with BP disorder seems to be associated with a low-responsive pituitary gland. The frontolimbic abnormalities observed in recent studies seems associated with the difficulty in the emotional management and impulsivity. The findings suggest a reduction of parietal cortex metabolism which appears to be associated to lack of insight and easy hypnotic induction. The disfunction of the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was found to be lateralized on the left hemisphere, whether the structures with increased activation on the right hemisphere were the temporal lobe, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal lobe. Finally, the aggressive and impulsive behavior of such patients seems to be related with low levels of cortical serotonin.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, some of the neurofunctional findings didn’t match the symptomatic pattern of the BP disorder. From all the relations found, the fronto-limbic deficit is the one with a more relevant influence for the consequent emotional disturbance, a major symptom of this disorder.
Sense-formation within the future's image distortion as a dialectical relations’ of mutual exclusion dissociation specific for the individuals who suffer from the schizophrenic spectrum disorders
Authors: Bagrationy K. 
Published: May 2011

Nowadays schizophrenic spectrum disorders are widely spread. Future's image of the people, whose lives have been impacted by schizophrenia, vastly differs (in comparison with conditionally healthy). Their temporal notions’ formation is based on different laws of thought. Methodological premises for the appearance of this problem could be found in the papers of Aristotle, Kant, Hegel etc.ObjectiveSense-formation within the temporal notions’ formation specific for the individuals who suffer from schizophrenic spectrum disorders.SampleSchizophrenia and schizotypal disorder (ICD-10, F20-21) (40 individuals) and conditionally healthy (40).AimSense-formation within the temporal notions’ formation peculiarities specific for the individuals who suffer from schizophrenic spectrum disorders description.MethodsTemporal Semantic Differential; Autobiographical Method's modification; projective and reflexive techniques.ResultsSense-formation within future's image distortion in a “schisis-typical” way (dialectical relations of mutual exclusion was broken) caused ambivalence in judgments and feelings about their own future (Figure).ConclusionsSense-formation within the future's image distortion in a “schisis-typical” way may cause impossibility of the future's image formation. As a result individuals who suffer from schizophrenic spectrum disorders couldn’t concentrate their attention on their future. This may be the cause of ego centrality specific for the individuals who suffer from schizophrenic spectrum disorders.
Changes of mineralocorticoid receptors and receptors- glucocorticoid in locus ceruleus neurons of ptsd-like rats
Authors: Yan N.S. , Han F. , Shi X.Y. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo invest the expression of nuclear receptors-mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and receptors-glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the locus ceruleus neurons of PTSD-like rats.MethodsSingle prolonged stress (SPS) was used to produce the PTSD model and rats were randomly divided into 24h, 4d, 7d, 14d and 28d groups after SPS and a normal control group.Immunohistochemical and Western blot techniques were used to observe and detect the changes in the expression of MR and GR in the locus ceruleus neurons, and image analysis and statistical analysis were performed.ResultsThe expression of MR was sharply decreased at 24h, but recovered at 4d, 7d, 14d and 28d. GR was distributed in the nucleus of coeruleus neurons, GR expression was showed after 24h, 4d, 7d treament and gradually increased, restorative downregulation was seen after 14d and 28d, but still high(P < 0.05).ConclusionThese results suggest that the changes in the expression of MR and GR in the locus ceruleus neurons of PTSD-like rats may play an important role in the long-term persistent neu-ropsychological sequelae of PTSD. *National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Posttraumatic stress disorder checklist military version in latvian language
Authors: Voicehovskis V. , Ancane G. , Voicehovska J. , Umnova L. , Skesters A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist (PCL) is a 17-item self-report measure of the 17 DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD. The PCL has a variety of purposes, including screening individuals for PTSD, diagnosing PTSD, monitoring symptom change during and after treatment. There are three versions of the PCL: PCL-C (civilian), PCL-M (military) and PCL-S (specific). PCL-M asks about symptoms in response to “stressful military experiences” and used for active service members and veterans. The PCL-M can be completed by participants of a research study in approximately 5–10 minutes. Interpretation of the PCL-M should be completed by a clinician. There is no valid PCL-M Latvian language version.AimsThe goal of the study is to assess the evaluative and discriminative properties of the Latvian language version of the PCL-M in PTSD risk group patients (PTSD-RGP).MethodsTotally 30 participants (males, Europeans, of average age 26.2, PTSD-RGP - Latvian Contingent of International Operations) were examined. Standart validation protocol was applied for PCL-M Latvian language version's reliability and validity testing: reliability consequence, construct validity, test-retest, Cronbach alpha criterion.ResultsCronbach alpha criterion was more than 0,70 (means reliable response sets), the reliability-consequence scale is from 0.6 to 0.9 (means precise definition). Test-retest by Spearman showed r ≥ 0.75 (means reliable stability).ConclusionsIt was concluded that the PLC-M Latvian language version has sufficiently acceptable evaluative and discriminatory properties and is therefore a valid instrument for PTSD measurements in clinical and research studies in Latvian military active service members and veterans.
Systematic literature review of the use of lay support models in postnatal depression
Authors: Potter C.L. 
Published: May 2011

AimsGrowing interest has been shown in the use of peers as lay health workers in maternal healthcare. This review aimed to examine published evidence on the effectiveness of lay support models for the management of postnatal depression (PND).MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions conducted by lay health workers in postnatal women, published between 1980 and August 2010. The search revealed seven studies, totaling 16,095 participants, which reported outcomes in PND and mothers’ mental health/self-esteem.ResultsThe value of lay support models depends on the intervention type and the population targeted. Telephone based peer support, for women identified as high-risk for PND, showed a statistically significant reduction in Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores at 12 weeks. Universal provision of peer mentoring has been shown to significantly improve self-esteem at one year postpartum, but no studies have shown statistical significance on PND or mental health outcomes (measured by EPDS/SF-36). In poor populations, women's groups led by peer facilitators have been shown to reduce moderate depression by 57%, compared to controls. However, another study, which evaluated community group support showed a low uptake (19%) resulting in no statistical significance. Similarly there was no significant improvement in PND with self-help manuals, despite one study reporting favorable feedback.ConclusionsThere is some evidence from RCTs that high-risk groups and specific demographics can benefit from targeted peer support. However, no particular model can be strongly recommended, and further research is required.
Methodological limitations in research on late psychoses
Authors: Gómez-Arnau J. , Serrano M. , Martínez de Velasco R. , Artieda P. , Riaza C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionLate psychoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders whose nosology has been controversial throughout history. The concept of dementia praecox introduced by Kraepelin, and based on the progressive deterioration and early onset, has been so dominant in the last decades that few issues have created as much controversy as that schizophrenia can begin in late age. Our purpose is to identify the different obstacles in the research in late psychoses to be able to overcome these limitations and improve the study in this area.MethodsA literature review was achieved using the National Library of Medicine and PubMed search system.ResultsWe found historical limitations, because over the last century, different schools of psychiatry have used different nomenclatures and age limits to define late-onset psychotic disorders. Prevailing beliefs in the low frequency of these diseases or in the association of the onset of psychotic symptoms in the elderly with cognitive impairment have interfered with epidemiological research in this area. Moreover, older psychotic patients are often excluded from epidemiological and pharmacological research. Lack of insight and social isolation determine sampling bias and reliability problems.ConclusionsSeemengly strong knowledge on late-onset schizophrenia is based, in fact, in samples from patients with late paraphrenia or mixed samples. It becomes mandatory to define concepts and establish diagnostic criteria, and to conduct multicenter studies to increase the size of our samples.
The quality of life and anxiety after acute infections of the CNS -efficacy of paroxetine
Authors: Miljatovic A. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThe effects of acute infections of the CNS can be complete recovery or partial recovery with consequences.The aim of this study is to establish differences in the assessment of the components of life quality in relation to the outcome of the illness,separately for each of the three groups of the examinees -1CR-completely recovered,-2 RC-recovered with consequences and 3-C control group., as well as to establish the differences between groups in relation to the assessment of life quality.We also wanted to point out the differences in the level of anxiety between these 3 groups.MethodsThe study includes 130 examinees that were treated at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases from 2003 to 2009. All of the examinees were diagnosed as suffering from acute CNS infection.Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-SF36 questionnaire was used as a source of information, while Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was used as a measuring instrument.Results77%of the examines from the CR group had no symptoms of anxiety, 89%preserved social functioning skills and 69% felt calm and happy.There is a significant degree of differences in the level of anxiety between the examinees of these three groups.ConclusionThe analysis of the differences between groups in relation to the assessment of mental components showed that there is a moderate distance between the control group and the group of completly recovered.In patients from RC group the use of Paroxetine, shows significant improvement in the reduction of symptoms of anxiety.
Theperception of a new orally dispersible escitalopram tablet - in a bioequivalence study
Authors: Nilausen D. , Linde R. , van Gerven J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionRapidly dissolving oral dispersible tablets (ODT) have been developed to overcome problems related to swallowing.ObjectivesEstablish bioequivalence between ODT and the immediate release (IR) escitalopram tablet and determine its perception by healthy subjects.MethodsIn a randomized, open-label, cross-over design, 30 healthy men received 20 mg escitalopram as ODT tablets (2 × 10 mg or 1 × 20 mg) or conventional tablets. Twenty blood samples were collected after each dose administration and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental methods. Safety was assessed by self-reported adverse events (AE) and vital signs. Subjects completed a questionnaire relating to their perception of the ODT.ResultsStatistical analysis of systemic exposure to escitalopram showed that ODT was bioequivalent to IR escitalopram for the primary (log-transformed AUC0-inf and Cmax) and secondary parameters (Table 1). AE incidence was similar for both dosage forms and all AEs considered related to escitalopram were mild. There were no serious AEs. Subjects found the ODT to have a pleasant texture (98%), size (95%), a pleasant mint/peppermint taste (86%), and suitable for long-term treatment (96%).ConclusionODT escitalopram was bioequivalent to the conventional tablet. Based on the subjects’ perception of taste, texture and size ODT escitalopram is a convenient and pleasant alternative to the conventional tablet.[Table 1]
Influence of original anticonvulsant on pharmacometabolizing function of liver in patients with alcoholism
Authors: Shushpanova T. , Semke V. , Novozheyeva T.P. , Lebedeva V. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveWe investigated effect of long-term dosing of original anticonvulsant Galodif® (derivative of meta-chlor-benzhydrilourea). On activity of liver cytochrome P-450 system of alcoholics.Methods68 patients with alcoholism were examined. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with method of statistical moments of K. Yamaoka.ResultsIn chronic alcoholism elimination of antipirine becomes slower. Examined by us patients had enough long term of alcoholization and we may suppose that acceleration of elimination of antipirine, occurring at the onset of disease was replaced by some suppression of activity of microsomal monooxigenases; accordingly, elimination of model connection has become slower. This supposition corresponds to data about decrease of consumption of oxygen and suppression of oxidative processes in chronic alcoholization both in experimental animals and people. Hypermetabolic state is observed at the onset of disease conditioning probably increase of tolerance toward alcohol, xenobiotics resistance and high resistance of organism. Subsequently exhaustion of adaptive mechanisms occurs and possibly hypermetabolic state disappears. This is confirmed by decrease of tolerance toward alcohol during long course of illness. In addition, it should be taken into account that liver hypermetabolism is mostly expressed in alcohol withdrawal syndrome.ConclusionThe higher background of activity of monooxigenases system of liver is at baseline, the major degree of manifestation of inducer is and vice versa. It is possible that reinforcement of reactivity of microsomal monooxigenases of liver of alcoholics toward Galodif is associated with synergetic action of preparation-inducer and ethanol.
Aripiprazole in children with multiple-complex developmental disorder (McDD): a case series
Authors: Siracusano R. , Germanò E. , Calarese T. , Magazù A. , Cigala V. , Lamberti M. , Spina E. , Gagliano A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMultiple-complex Developmental Disorder (McDD) is a developmental disorder characterized by peculiar clinical features: affective dysregulation (anxiety, panic and aggressivity), impairment of social behaviour and hypersensitivity, impaired cognitive processing. McDD is usually included within the Pervasive Developmental Disorders not otherwise specified (PDD NOS) (Cohen et al. 1986; Towbin et al. 1993). Aripiprazole is a new atypical antipsychotic drug. Efficacy of aripiprazole in children and adolescents is supported by some studies (Findling et al. 2007, Wink at al 2010; Kim et al 2010).AimsThe aim of our study is to describe the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in 4 children with Multiple-complex Developmental Disorder.MethodsMean dosage of aripiprazole was 5 mg/day. Response was evaluated by clinical assessment and by Clinical Global Impressions Scale-Severity, Clinical Global Impressions Scale- Improvement, Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. This assessment was administered at baseline, and at weeks 4, 12 and 24.ResultsA significant reduction of social impairments, thought disorders and affective dysregulation was observed. Drug therapy was well tolerated, even though children complained of mild and transient nausea and somnolence.ConclusionTo date there are only a few reports on the use of aripiprazole in McDD patients. The present case series suggest that aripiprazole may be effective and well tolerated in McDD patients.