bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of educator perspectives toward teaching harm reduction cannabis education
Authors: Downey Molly K. , Bishop Lisa D. , Donnan Jennifer R. , Rowe Emily C. , Harris Nick 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Substance use is common among youth which can adversely affect youth health. Despite the legalization of cannabis in Canada and much of the United States, there is a lack of harm reduction cannabis education in schools. In addition, educators may not feel prepared to teach students about cannabis.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey explored educator perceptions toward teaching harm reduction substance use education to students in grades 4–12. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to evaluate demographic variables, ANOVAs to identify subgroup differences, and inductive thematic analysis to establish themes from open-ended responses. From the sample of 170 educators, the majority were female (77%) and worked as classroom teachers (59%).

Results
Ninety-two percent of educators felt harm reduction was an effective approach to substance use education, and 84% stated that they would feel comfortable teaching cannabis harm reduction education to students. While 68% of educators believed they would be able to recognize if a student was under the influence of cannabis, only 39% felt certain about how to respond to student cannabis use, and just 8% felt that their current teacher training allowed them to intervene and prevent cannabis-related harms. Most educators (89%) expressed interest in harm reduction training, particularly interactive training (70%) and instructor-led lessons (51%). Online curriculum resources were preferred by 57%. Responses differed by gender and age group, with females of any age and educators under 40 reporting greater support of harm reduction approaches and more interest in training.

Conclusion
Educators expressed considerable support for harm reduction substance use education, but many felt unprepared to address this topic with students. The findings identified a need for educator training on harm reduction substance use education, so that educators can help students make informed choices around substance use, thereby promoting youth health and safety.
Diagnostic accuracy of digital technologies compared with 12-lead ECG in the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in adults: A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Sheron Vethanayagam Antony , Surenthirakumaran Rajendra , Gooden Tiffany E. , Y. H. Lip Gregory , Thomas G. Neil , J. Moore David , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Kumarendran Balachandran , Subaschandran Kumaran , Kanesamoorthy Shribavan , Uruthirakumar Powsiga , Guruparan Mahesan ,   on behalf of the NIHR Global Health Research Group on Atrial Fibrillation Management
Published: May 2024

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia in the world. AF increases the risk of stroke 5-fold, though the risk can be reduced with appropriate treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is imperative but remains a global challenge. In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), a lack of diagnostic equipment and under-resourced healthcare systems generate further barriers. The rapid development of digital technologies that are capable of diagnosing AF remotely and cost-effectively could prove beneficial for LMICs. However, evidence is lacking on what digital technologies exist and how they compare in regards to diagnostic accuracy. We aim to systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of all digital technologies capable of AF diagnosis.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science will be searched for eligible studies. Free text terms will be combined with corresponding index terms where available and searches will not be limited by language nor time of publication. Cohort or cross-sectional studies comprising adult (≥18 years) participants will be included. Only studies that use a 12-lead ECG as the reference test (comparator) and report outcomes of sensitivity, specificity, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) or the positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) will be included (or if they provide sufficient data to calculate these outcomes). Two reviewers will independently assess articles for inclusion, extract data using a piloted tool and assess risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 tool. The feasibility of a meta-analysis will be determined by assessing heterogeneity across the studies, grouped by index device, diagnostic threshold and setting. If a meta-analysis is feasible for any index device, pooled sensitivity and specificity will be calculated using a random effect model and presented in forest plots.

Discussion
The findings of our review will provide a comprehensive synthesis of the diagnostic accuracy of available digital technologies capable for diagnosing AF. Thus, this review will aid in the identification of which devices could be further trialed and implemented, particularly in a LMIC setting, to improve the early diagnosis of AF.

Trial registration
Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO registration number is CRD42021290542. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021290542.
Effect of an eight-week high-intensity interval training programme on circulating sphingolipid levels in middle-aged adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk (SphingoFIT)—Protocol for a randomised controlled exercise trial
Authors: Carrard Justin , Hofer Manuel , Prechtl Luisa , Fleischlin Eva , Huber Manuel , Gallart-Ayala Hector , Teav Tony , Infanger Denis , Höchsmann Christoph , Koehler Karsten , Hinrichs Timo , Hanssen Henner , Ivanisevic Julijana , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Evidence indicates that sphingolipid accumulation drives complex molecular alterations promoting cardiometabolic diseases. Clinically, it was shown that sphingolipids predict cardiometabolic risk independently of and beyond traditional biomarkers such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. To date, little is known about therapeutic modalities to lower sphingolipid levels. Exercise, a powerful means to prevent and treat cardiometabolic diseases, is a promising modality to mitigate sphingolipid levels in a cost-effective, safe, and patient-empowering manner.

Methods
This randomised controlled trial will explore whether and to what extent an 8-week fitness-enhancing training programme can lower serum sphingolipid levels of middle-aged adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk (n = 98, 50% females). The exercise intervention will consist of supervised high-intensity interval training (three sessions weekly), while the control group will receive physical activity counselling based on current guidelines. Blood will be sampled early in the morning in a fasted state before and after the 8-week programme. Participants will be provided with individualised, pre-packaged meals for the two days preceding blood sampling to minimise potential confounding. An ’omic-scale sphingolipid profiling, using high-coverage reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, will be applied to capture the circulating sphingolipidome. Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests will be performed before and after the 8-week programme to assess patient fitness changes. Cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, static retinal vessel analysis, flow-mediated dilatation, and strain analysis of the heart cavities will also be assessed pre- and post-intervention. This study shall inform whether and to what extent exercise can be used as an evidence-based treatment to lower circulating sphingolipid levels.

Trial registration
The trial was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06024291) on August 28, 2023.
E-PROOF: E-intervention for protein intake and resistance training to optimize function: A study protocol
Authors: Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Chaplow Zachary L. , Chase Cara , Spees Colleen , Rosko Ashley , Naughton Michelle J. , Smith Jade , Soufi Sam , Beck Mike , Focht Brian C. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundAccounting for more than 60% of cancer survivors, older (≥65 years) cancer survivors have a 2- to 5-fold risk of physical function impairment, compared to cancer-free peers. One strategy to improve physical function is dietary and resistance training interventions, which improve muscle strength and mass by stimulating muscle protein synthesis. The E-PROOF (E-intervention forProtein Intake andResistance Training to OptimizeFunction) study will examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a 12-week randomized controlled trial of an online, tailored nutritional and resistance training education and counseling intervention to improve physical function and associated health outcomes (muscle strength, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), self-efficacy, and weight management).MethodsIn this study, 70 older cancer survivors will be randomized to one of two groups: experimental (receiving remote behavioral counseling and evidence-based education and resources), and control (general survivorship education). We will examine the intervention effects on physical function, muscle strength, HRQoL, self-efficacy, weight, and waist circumference during a 12-week period between the experimental and control groups. Three months following the end of the intervention, we will conduct a follow-up assessment to measure physical function, muscle strength, and HRQoL.Significance and impactThis study is the first synchronous, online protein-focused diet and resistance training intervention among older cancer survivors. This novel study advances science by promoting independent health behaviors among older cancer survivors to improve health outcomes, and provide foundational knowledge to further address this growing problem on a wider scale through online platforms.
E-cigarette use among university students in Palestine: Prevalence, knowledge, and determinant factors
Authors: Ghanim Mustafa , Rabayaa Maha , Abuawad Mohammad , Saeedi Munther , Amer Johnny 
Published: May 2024

Background
Recent reports indicated accelerated rates of e-cigarette use, especially among youth in various Middle Eastern countries, including Palestine. Nevertheless, little is known about knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding this topic in Palestine. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of e-cigarette use among Palestinian university students, along with their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about e-cigarette use.

Methods
An observational cross-sectional study, utilizing an online self-administered questionnaire, was conducted on Palestinian students from five universities between 17/04/2023 and 04/11/2023.

Results
A total of 1002 Palestinian university students completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of e-cigarette use among students was 18.1%. The mean knowledge score about e-cigarettes was significantly lower among the users of e-cigarettes compared to non-users. E-cigarette use was significantly associated with the participants’ smoking status. Among e-cigarette users, 43.6% were also current traditional cigarette users, and 66.9% were current waterpipe users. E-cigarette use was significantly associated with having a friend who is a smoker and/ or a smoking mother. Binary logistic regression revealed a significant positive effect between the participant’s smoking status, the mother’s smoking status, knowledge about e-cigarettes, and the use of e-cigarettes (p-value < 0.05). Among e-cigarette users, 18.8% used them in indoor places at the university, and 25% reported using them daily in the past month. Affordability of e-cigarettes was the most reported reason for their use (47.5%).

Conclusion
This study concluded that e-cigarette use is prevalent and rapidly rising among university students in Palestine. This is worrisome as it is significantly associated with insufficient knowledge about the adverse health effects of E-cigarette use, and its addictive nature. These findings focus on the importance of improving the students’ knowledge about e-cigarette use by implementing educational campaigns and considering age regulations on e-cigarette availability and use.
Função e Forma no Ordenamento Territorial: o Caso de Lens na Bacia Mineira de Nord e Pas-De-Calais – França
Authors: Policarpo Mauricio Aquilante , Souza Rita de Cassia Martins de 
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão a respeito das transformações e reestruturação da cidade de Lens, localizada no departamento de Pas-de-Calais, na região administrativa de Hauts-de-France, no norte da França. Essa discussão compete às transformações espaciais das categorias forma e função durante a evolução do capitalismo industrial e, posteriormente, à globalização. O processo de “Reconversão Territorial” implementado na área, via planejamento estatal, desde os anos de 1960 até 1990 (ano do fechamento da última mina de carvão) teve como objetivo alterar a especialização da região, em vista do grave problema de desemprego e de recessão econômica. Assim, por meio da instalação de infraestruturas e da remodelação urbana, o Estado francês, em associação com políticas próprias da União Europeia, com a participação de empresas privadas e de organizações civis da região em questão, organizou-se no sentido de transformar a região alterando o perfil econômico ligado às atividades da mineração e da produção têxtil para atividades mais dinâmicas e produtivas. Essas estratégias influenciaram as transformações do espaço urbano da cidade de Lens, remodelando-a segundo atividades culturais (ateliês de música e de cinema, sobretudo) e atividades turísticas. Entre estas últimas destaca-se a instalação de uma unidade do Museu do Louvre. Este artigo tem como propósito fazer uma reflexão acerca dessas transformações de Lens, baseando-se na análise da introdução de novas formas e funções, bem como na ressignificação de velhas formas envoltas por novas funções.
n-3 fatty acids and the risk of atrial fibrillation, review
Authors: Herrmann Wolfgang , Herrmann Markus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent type of cardiac arrhythmia that affects over six million individuals in Europe. The incidence and prevalence of AF rises with age, and often occurs after cardiac surgery. Other risk factors correlated with AF comprise high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, left atrial enlargement, ischemic heart disease, and congestive heart failure. Considering the high prevalence of AF in aging societies, strategies to prevent serious complications, such as stroke or heart failure, are important because they are correlated with high morbidity and mortality. The supplementation of sea-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is widely discussed in this context, but the results of experimental and observational studies are in contrast to randomized placebo-controlled intervention trials (RCTs). Specifically, larger placebo-controlled n-3 PUFA supplementation studies with long follow-up showed a dose-dependent rise in incident AF. Daily n-3 PUFA doses of ≥1 g/d are correlated with a 50 % increase in AF risk, whereas a daily intake of <1 g/d causes AF in only 12 %. Individuals with a high cardiovascular risk (CVD) risk and high plasma-triglycerides seem particularly prone to develop AF upon n-3 PUFA supplementation. Therefore, we should exercise caution with n-3 PUFA supplementation especially in patients with higher age, CVD, hypertriglyceridemia or diabetes. In summary, existing data argue against the additive intake of n-3 PUFA for preventative purposes because of an incremental AF risk and lacking CVD benefits. However, more clinical studies are required to disentangle the discrepancy between n-3 PUFA RCTs and observational studies showing a lower CVD risk in individuals who regularly consume n-3 PUFA-rich fish.
Preparation and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution of bimetallic phosphates (NiFe)2P/NF
Authors: Yu Bo , Li Yan , Fu Xiang-Nan , Yu Lei , Fu Hu-Dai , Cao Yan-Xin , Chen Zhi-Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The energy and environmental crisis pose a great challenge to human development in the 21st century. The design and development of clean and renewable energy and the solution for environmental pollution have become a hotspot in the current research. Based on the preparation of transition metal phosphates, transition metals were used as raw materials, Prussian blue-like NiFe(CN)6 as a precursor, which was in situ grown on nickel foam (NF) substrate. After low temperature phosphating treatment, a bimetallic phosphide electrocatalyst (NiFe)2P/NF was prepared on NF substrate. Using 1 mol·L−1 KOH solution as a basic electrolyte, based on the electrochemical workstation of a three-electrode system, the electrochemical catalytic oxygen evolution performance of the material was tested and evaluated. Experiments show that (NiFe)2P/NF catalyst has excellent oxygen evolution performance. In an alkaline medium, the overpotential required to obtain the catalytic current density of 10 mA·cm−2 is only 220 mV, and the Tafel slope is 67 mV·dec−1. This is largely due to: (1) (NiFe)2p/NF nanocatalysts were well dispersed on NF substrates, which increased the number of active sites exposed; (2) the hollow heterostructure of bimetallic phosphates promotes the electron interaction between (NiFe)2P and NF, increased the rate of charge transfer, and the electrical conductivity of the material is improved; and (3) theoretical calculations show that (NiFe)2P/NF hollow heterostructure can effectively reduce the dissociation barrier of water, promote the dissociation of water; furthermore, the kinetic reaction rate of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution is accelerated. Meanwhile, the catalyst still has high activity and high stability in 30 wt% concentrated alkali solution. Therefore, the construction of (NiFe)2P/NF electrocatalysts enriches the application of non-noble metal nanomaterials in the field of oxygen production from electrolytic water.
Satisfaction with Behavior Trajectory Security Protection in Social Media Intelligent Recommendations
Authors: Zha Xianjin , Lu Zeyu , Yan Yalan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Intelligent recommender systems provide personalized recommendation for users based on their behavior trajectories. Intelligent recommendation is a double-edged sword with increasing impacts. This study investigates the influencing mechanism of social media users’ satisfaction with behavior trajectory security protection in the context of intelligent recommendation, with the aim of promoting healthy development of mobile social media. This study applied the grounded theory method to identify relations among concepts and categories in terms of three-level coding. During open coding, 271 initial concepts and 26 subcategories were elicited; during axial coding, 10 categories were elicited; and during selective coding, relations among categories were identified and a theoretical model was developed. The results indicate that satisfaction with behavior trajectory security protection is directly influenced by security protection information quality, security protection system quality, security protection service quality, net benefits, external support, privacy concerns, and privacy cognitive biases. Privacy literacy has direct impacts on privacy concerns and privacy cognitive biases. Meanwhile, herd behavior directly impacts privacy concerns. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
A refinement of the analysis of the resultative V-de construction in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Hu Yehao , Cheng Gong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes two major modifications to previous analyses of the resultative V-de construction in Mandarin Chinese. First, while -de is argued to be prepositional in nature, it is shown at the same time that -de is different from other regular prepositions in that the former, but not the latter, undergoes head movement in a resultative. To reconcile these apparently conflicting observations, we propose to treat -de as the exponent of a prepositional categorizer. Second, we argue that a small clause analysis of the resultative V-de construction is not only conceptually motivated by the Direct Object Restriction but also empirically supported by the fact that it can participate in the bǎ alternation, as with constructions that are canonically assumed to contain a small clause.
Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activities, total phenolic and elemental contents of common herbs and spices (Moringa oleifera leaves, Allium sativum (Garlic) and Momordica charantia (ejinrin) leaves) in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Adegbesan Bukunola Oluyemisi , Ezima Esther Nkechi , Hassan Basit Opeyemi , Kehinde Jeremiah Oluwasegun , Adewale Aderinsola Ayoyemi , Osonuga Ifabunmi Oduyemi , Olalekan Samuel Oluwadare 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Natural remedies are being widely utilized in some disease’s conditions including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. The therapeutic intervention of medicinal plants and spices cannot be overemphasized in the management and control of diseases but the exact modes of action of these herbs and plants have not been fully elucidated. This research work was designed to study the expression of selected elements, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd); the phytochemical and the in vitro antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves, Allium sativum (Garlic) and Momordica charantia (ejinrin) leaves for their potential involvement in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases and cancer through different chemical methods. In vitro antioxidant properties were assayed by investigating 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging potentials and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP); total phenolic content was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the elemental contents of these extracts was investigated through the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). All tests were run in triplicates and analysed. Our results revealed that the ethanolic extracts of M. oleifera leaves, A. sativum (Garlic) and M. charantia (ejinrin) leaves possess significant antioxidant activities and express important and beneficial elements (in marginal and trace amounts) and phytochemicals. These results suggest that the medicinal attributes of these plants may be linked to the radical scavenging abilities, beneficial elements and phytochemicals expression of their ethanolic extracts which may likely be a good direction in the area of drug discovery and development.