bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enclosure Study on Phytoplankton Response to Stocking of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in a Eutrophic Tropical Reservoir in South China
Authors: Xiao Lijuan , Ouyang Hao , Li Huiming , Chen Mianrun , Lin Qiuqi , Han Bo‐Ping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA 10‐week enclosure experiment was conducted in the dry season (October to December) to assess the impact of fish stocking on water quality and phytoplankton community at three stocking levels of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) (0, 16 and 50 g m–3) in a shallow, eutrophic tropical reservoir (Guangdong, South China). The nanophytoplankton (< 20 μm) accounted for 60 ± 5% of total biomass and Scenedesmus quadricauda was the predominant species (size: 16.5 ± 5 µm, relative biomass 27 ± 10%). Phytoplankton biomass was markedly suppressed in high fish stocking level and the grazing effect of silver carp on the nanoplankton was significant from the sixth week to the end of the experiment. The high fish density treatment significantly increased water transparency and somewhat reduced total phosphorus. Indirect effects of silver carp on the phytoplankton community involved excretion of nitrogen that favored small species of Chlorophyta. Colonial Cyanobacteria were reduced in the high fish treatment, but enhanced in the low fish treatment.Our results suggest that the widespread practice of harvesting fish from October to December in reservoirs of South China releases phytoplankton from consumption by filter‐feeding fish, and consequently prompts algal blooms. Conversely, harvesting fish just before monsoon, around the time of restocking with small fish, would make more sense since no interruption in grazing pressure would occur. This would help to control excessive phytoplankton biomass just before monsoon. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Three‐dimensional T1 mapping of the mouse heart using variable flip angle steady‐state MR imaging
Authors: Coolen Bram F. , Geelen Tessa , Paulis Leonie E. M. , Nauerth Arno , Nicolay Klaas , Strijkers Gustav J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCardiac MR T1 mapping is a promising quantitative imaging tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of cardiomyopathy. Here, we present a new preclinical cardiac MRI method enabling three‐dimensional T1 mapping of the mouse heart. The method is based on a variable flip angle analysis of steady‐state MR imaging data. A retrospectively triggered three‐dimensional FLASH (fast low‐angle shot) sequence (3D IntraGate) enables a constant repetition time and maintains steady‐state conditions. 3D T1 mapping of the complete mouse heart could be achieved in 20 min. High‐quality, bright‐blood T1 maps were obtained with homogeneous T1 values (1764 ± 172 ms) throughout the myocardium. The repeatability coefficient of R1 (1/T1) in a specific region of the mouse heart was between 0.14 and 0.20 s−1, depending on the number of flip angles. The feasibility for detecting regional differences in ΔR1 was shown with pre‐ and post‐contrast T1 mapping in mice with surgically induced myocardial infarction, for which ΔR1 values up to 0.83 s−1 were found in the infarct zone. The sequence was also investigated in black‐blood mode, which, interestingly, showed a strong decrease in the apparent mean T1 of healthy myocardium (905 ± 110 ms). This study shows that 3D T1 mapping in the mouse heart is feasible and can be used to monitor regional changes in myocardial T1, particularly in relation to pathology and in contrast‐enhanced experiments to estimate local concentrations of (targeted) contrast agent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delineation of substrate selection and anaplerosis in tricarboxylic acid cycle of the heart by 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Wei , Bian Fang , Chaudhuri Priyanjana , Mao Xian , Brunengraber Henri , Yu Xin 
Published: October 2010

Abstract13C NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) provide complementary information regarding the 13C labeling of intermediary metabolites. Currently, these two techniques are rarely used together because of the complexity of modeling the distribution of both positional and mass isotopomers. In this study, we developed a matrix‐based model for the assessment of 13C label distribution in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and related metabolites. The model was applied to the analysis of NMR‐ and MS‐measured 13C isotopomers for quantification of substrate utilization and anaplerotic fluxes in isolated perfused rat hearts. NMR and MS data were acquired from two groups of rat hearts perfused with substrates in complementary labeling patterns, i.e. the 13C‐PAL + GLC group (0.6 mM [13C16]palmitate + 5.5 mM glucose) and the PAL + 13C‐GLC group (0.6 mM palmitate + 5.5 mM [13C6]glucose). Relative flux parameters were obtained by fitting the model to the NMR data, MS data and their combination, respectively. Our results suggest that, although both NMR and MS can provide accurate quantification of substrate selection in oxidative metabolism, the accuracy of estimation of anaplerotic fluxes relies on the combination of these two experimental methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐field MRI of single histological slices using an inductively coupled, self‐resonant microcoil: application to ex vivo samples of patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nabuurs Rob J. A. , Hegeman Ingrid , Natté Remco , van Duinen Sjoerd G. , van Buchem Mark A. , van der Weerd Louise , Webb Andrew G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA simple inductively coupled microcoil has been designed to image tissue samples placed on a microscope slide, samples which can subsequently be stained histologically. As the exact same tissue is used for MRI and histology, the two data sets can be compared without the need for complicated image registration techniques. The design can be integrated into any MRI system using existing commercial hardware. Compared with a commercial 25‐mm‐diameter birdcage, the signal‐to‐noise ratio was increased by a factor of 3.8, corresponding to an approximate 15‐fold reduction in the data acquisition time. An example is shown of ex vivo samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease, in which the coregistration of highly sensitive iron staining and amyloid‐β deposits is confirmed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a quantitative blood oxygenation level‐dependent (qBOLD) approach to map local blood oxygen saturation
Authors: Christen Thomas , Lemasson Benjamin , Pannetier Nicolas , Farion Régine , Segebarth Christoph , Rémy Chantal , Barbier Emmanuel L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBlood oxygen saturation (SO2) is a promising parameter for the assessment of brain tissue viability in numerous pathologies. Quantitative blood oxygenation level‐dependent (qBOLD)‐like approaches allow the estimation of SO2 by modelling the contribution of deoxyhaemoglobin to the MR signal decay. These methods require a high signal‐to‐noise ratio to obtain accurate maps through fitting procedures. In this article, we present a version of the qBOLD method at long TE taking into account separate estimates of T2, total blood volume fraction (BVf) and magnetic field inhomogeneities. Our approach was applied to the brains of 13 healthy rats under normoxia, hyperoxia and hypoxia. MR estimates of local SO2 (MR_LSO2) were compared with measurements obtained from blood gas analysis. A very good correlation (R2 = 0.89) was found between brain MR_LSO2 and sagittal sinus SO2. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative determination of energy production rates and mitochondrial function using different 31P MRS quantitative methods in sedentary and trained subjects
Authors: Layec Gwenael , Bringard Aurélien , Le Fur Yann , Vilmen Christophe , Micallef Jean‐Paul , Perrey Stéphane , Cozzone Patrick J. , Bendahan David 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMuscle energetics has been largely and quantitatively investigated using 31P MRS. Various methods have been used to estimate the corresponding rate of oxidative ATP synthesis (ATPox); however, potential differences among methods have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to compare the rates of ATP production and energy cost in two groups of subjects with different training status using four different methods: indirect method (method 1), ADP control model (method 2) and phosphate potential control model (method 3). Method 4 was a modified version of method 3 with the introduction of a correction factor allowing for similar values to be obtained for the end‐exercise oxidative ATP synthesis rate inferred from exercise measurements and the initial recovery phosphocreatine resynthesis rate. Seven sedentary and seven endurance‐trained subjects performed a dynamic standardised rest–exercise–recovery protocol. We quantified the rates of ATPox and anaerobic ATP synthesis (ATPana) using 31P MRS data recorded at 1.5 T. The rates of ATPox over the entire exercise session were independent of the method used, except for method 4 which provided significantly higher values in both groups (p < 0.01). In addition, methods 1–3 were cross‐correlated, thereby confirming their statistical agreement. The rate of ATPana was significantly higher with method 1 (p < 0.01) and lower with method 4 (p < 0.01). As a result of the higher rate of ATPox, EC (method 4) calculated over the entire exercise session was higher and initial EC (method 1) was lower in both groups compared with the other methods. We showed in this study that the rate of ATPox was independent of the calculation method, as long as no corrections (method 4) were performed. In contrast, results related to the rates of ATPana were strongly affected by the calculation method and, more exactly, by the estimation of protons generated by ATPox. Although the absolute EC values differed between the methods, within‐ or between‐subject comparisons are still valid given the tight relationships between them. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary observations of increased diffusional kurtosis in human brain following recent cerebral infarction
Authors: Jensen Jens H. , Falangola Maria F. , Hu Caixia , Tabesh Ali , Rapalino Otto , Lo Calvin , Helpern Joseph A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBy application of the MRI method of diffusional kurtosis imaging, a substantially increased diffusional kurtosis was observed within the cerebral ischemic lesions of three stroke subjects, 13–26 h following the onset of symptoms. This increase is interpreted as probably reflecting a higher degree of diffusional heterogeneity in the lesions when compared with normal‐appearing contralateral tissue. In addition, for two of the subjects with white matter infarcts, the increase had a strong fiber tract orientational dependence. It is proposed that this effect is consistent with a large drop in the intra‐axonal diffusivity, possibly related to either axonal varicosities or alterations associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder: a review of current empirical findings
Authors: de Reus Rob J.M. , Emmelkamp Paul M.G. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to review the literature on aetiology, epidemiology and course, assessment and treatment of the obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). OCPD is a rather prevalent personality disorder, being one of the most prevalent personality disorders in the general population. OCPD is associated with moderate Axis I and Axis II co‐occurrence and functional impairment is stable over time but generally mild. There is some evidence that the economic burden of OCPD may be considerable. Psychological treatment studies on patients with OCPD are rare, consisting of a few case studies and two open studies. Only one randomized controlled study on pharmacotherapy and no controlled study on psychological treatment directly focusing on OCPD as primary complaint have been reported. Finally, future areas of research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global strategy for the diagnosis and management of asthma in children 5 years and younger
Authors: Pedersen Soren Erik , Hurd Suzanne S. , Lemanske Robert F. , Becker Allan , Zar Heather J. , Sly Peter D. , Soto‐Quiroz Manuel , Wong Gary , Bateman Eric D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAsthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood and the leading cause of childhood morbidity from chronic disease as measured by school absences, emergency department visits, and hospitalions1. During the past two decades, many scientific advances have improved our understanding of asthma and our ability to manage and control it effectively. However, in children 5 years and younger, the clinical symptoms of asthma are variable and non‐specific. Furthermore, neither airflow limitation nor airway inflammation, the main pathologic hallmarks of the condition, can be assessed routinely in this age group. For this reason, to aid in the diagnosis of asthma in young children, a symptoms‐only descriptive approach that includes the definition of various wheezing phenotypes has been recommended2. In 1993, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) was implemented to develop a network of individuals, organizations, and public health officials to disseminate information about the care of patients with asthma while at the same time assuring a mechanism to incorporate the results of scientific investigations into asthma care. Since then, GINA has developed and regularly revised a Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Publications based on the Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention have been translated into many different languages to promote international collaboration and dissemination of information.In this report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention in Children 5 Years and Younger, an effort has been made to present the special challenges that must be taken into account in managing asthma in children during the first 5 years of life, including difficulties with diagnosis, the efficacy and safety of drugs and drug delivery systems, and the lack of data on new therapies. Approaches to these issues will vary among populations in the world based on socioeconomic conditions, genetic diversity, cultural beliefs, and differences in healthcare access and delivery. Patients in this age group are often managed by pediatricians and general practitioners routinely faced with a wide variety of issues related to childhood diseases. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1–17. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iron and CF‐related anemia: Expanding clinical and biochemical relationships
Authors: Gifford A.H. , Miller S.D. , Jackson B.P. , Hampton T.H. , O'Toole G.A. , Stanton B.A. , Parker H.W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntroductionThis cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess the relationship between iron levels in the plasma and sputum of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.MethodsDemographic, clinical, and iron‐related laboratory data were prospectively obtained from 25 patients with stable clinical features and 14 patients with worsened clinical features since their most recent evaluations.ResultsCompared to patients with stable clinical features, those who experienced clinical deterioration demonstrated significantly worse lung function and were more frequently malnourished and diabetic. Members of the latter group were also significantly more hypoferremic and had higher sputum iron content than patients with stable clinical features. No significant correlation was found between plasma and sputum iron levels when the groups were analyzed together and separately.ConclusionsSputum iron content does not correlate with iron‐related hematologic tests. Hypoferremia is common in CF and correlates with poor lung function and overall health. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:160–165. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in 7‐year‐old children: sensitivity and specificity for pediatric allergist‐diagnosed asthma
Authors: Carlsten Chris , Dimich‐Ward Helen , Ferguson Alexander , Becker Allan , DyBuncio Anne , Chan‐Yeung Moira 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:The operating characteristics of PC20 values used as cut‐offs to define airway hyperresponsiveness, as it informs the diagnosis of asthma in children, are poorly understood. We examine data from a unique cohort to inform this concern.Objective:Determine the sensitivity and specificity of incremental PC20 cut‐offs for allergist‐diagnosed asthma.Methods:Airway reactivity at age 7 was assessed in children within a birth cohort at high risk for asthma; PC20 for methacholine was determined by standard technique including interpolation. The diagnosis of asthma was considered by the pediatric allergist without knowledge of the methacholine challenge results. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a cross‐tabulation of asthma diagnosis with incremental PC20 cut‐off values, from 1.0 to 8.0 mg/ml, and plotted as receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The “optimal” cut‐off was defined as that PC20 conferring maximal value for sensitivity plus specificity while the “balanced” cut‐off was defined as that PC20 at which sensitivity and specificity were most equal.Results:70/348 children (20.1%) were diagnosed with asthma. The optimal and balanced PC20 cut‐offs, both for all children and for females alone, were respectively 3 mg/ml (sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 49.1%) and 2 mg/ml (sensitivity 63.1%, specificity 64.7%). For males alone, the “optimal” and “balanced” PC20 cut‐offs were both 2 mg/ml.Conclusion:For this cohort of 7‐year olds at high risk for asthma, methacholine challenge testing using a cut‐off value of PC20 3 mg/ml conferred the maximal sum of specificity plus sensitivity. For contexts in which higher sensitivity or specificity is desired, other cut‐offs may be preferred. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:175–178. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of a lung model to assess mechanical in‐exsufflator therapy in infants with tracheostomy
Authors: Striegl Amanda M. , Redding Gregory J. , DiBlasi Robert , Crotwell Dave , Salyer John , Carter Edward R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanical in‐exsufflator (MIE) is commonly used to augment cough in patients with neuromuscular disease from infancy to adulthood. Little is known about the alveolar pressures, lung volumes, and expiratory flow rates generated by the MIE when used via tracheostomy tube in infants and children.MethodsA high‐fidelity mechanical lung model was programmed to simulate infants with tracheostomy tubes. Generated pressures, volumes, and expiratory flows using the MIE device at variable insufflation/exsufflation pressures and times were recorded. The primary measure of interest was maximal expiratory flow (MEF).ResultsPressure equilibration across the tracheostomy tube did not occur with insufflation time <1 sec. Longer insufflation time significantly increased measured alveolar pressures, lung volume, and MEF until TLC was reached. Longer exsufflation time did not significantly increase MEF. Higher insufflation pressures resulted in greater lung volumes, with >70% vital capacity attained at insufflation pressures as low as 20 cmH2O. Though higher insufflation pressures resulted in increased expiratory flow rates, more negative exsufflation pressure had a greater absolute impact on MEF.ConclusionsUsing the MIE via tracheostomy tube in an infant lung model, we found that an insufflation time of >1 sec is required for equilibration of insufflation pressure and alveolar pressure. Longer exsufflation time does not significantly alter MEF. Higher insufflation and exsufflation pressures both increased MEF, but greater exsufflation pressure had more substantial impact. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:211–217. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hospitalized children with 2009 influenza a (H1N1) infection in Shenzhen, China, november–december 2009
Authors: Zheng Yuejie , He Yanxia , Deng Jikui , Lu Zhiwei , Wei Jurong , Yang Weiguo , Tang Zhengzhen , Li Boning , Zhang Jaosheng , Wang Li , Zhao Hui , Li Xiaonan , Yu Zhenzhu , Song Ping , Ma Yijiao , Li Yingfei , Li Chengrong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectivesDuring the winter outbreak of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in China, the number of confirmed cases and the fatal cases has grown rapidly. We describe the clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in Shenzhen, China, November–December 2009.MethodsUsing a standardized form, we collected data on 148 hospitalized children. 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection was confirmed in nasopharyngeal swab specimens with the use of a real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assay.ResultsOf the 148 hospitalized children with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection, 81 (55%) were 5 years of age or older and 85% of the patients were previously healthy. The common presenting symptoms were fever (94%), cough (89%), runny nose (36.5%), vomiting (24%), sore throat (19.6%), wheezing (18%), abdominal pain (16%), mental status changes (9%), seizures (6%), diarrhea (6%), myalgia (6%), and chest pain (4%). Twenty‐nine (20%) patients were admitted to an ICU, 10 (7%) patients required mechanical ventilation. The overall complication rate was 65.5%, they were pneumonia in 94 (64%), neurologic complications in 18 (12%), parapneumonic effusion in 12 (8%) and myocarditis in 7 (5%). One hundred seven (72%) patients received oseltamivir treatment, 34 (23%) received within 48 hr after the onset of symptoms. All patients received antibiotics before admission or on admission. One hundred forty‐four (97%) patients were discharged; four (3%) previously healthy patients died, three died from severe encephalopathy, one died from secondary fungal meningitis.ConclusionHospitalized children with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection can have a wide range of presentation and clinical complications including neurologic complications. The severe cases and deaths concentrate in previously healthy older children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:246–252. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gap‐state related photoluminescence in boron carbide
Authors: Werheit Helmut , Rotter Heinz W. , Shalamberidze Sulkhan , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas , Tanaka Takaho 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe luminescence spectra of B4.3C, B6.5C and B10C boron carbide with different isotope enrichments (10B, 11B, 12C, 13C) yield electron transition energies from gap states into the valence band and between localized levels in the gap with 0.25 meV resolution. The results well agree with the actual band scheme derived from optical absorption, electrical properties and interband luminescence. Within the whole homogeneity range, the transition energies are independent of chemical composition and isotopes.
When is a molecule three dimensional? A task‐specific role for imagistic reasoning in advanced chemistry
Authors: Stieff Mike 
Published: October 2010

AbstractImagistic reasoning appears to be a critical strategy for learning and problem solving in the sciences, particularly chemistry; however, little is known about how students use imagistic reasoning on genuine assessment tasks in chemistry. The present study employed a think‐aloud protocol to explore when and how students use imagistic reasoning for problem solving in organic chemistry. The analysis suggests that students employ imagistic reasoning preferentially for translating between various molecular representations. On more complex tasks typical of classroom assessments, the students' problem solving appears mostly dependent on the accuracy of self‐generated inscriptions rather than the use of imagistic reasoning. The results indicate a variable interplay between imagistic reasoning and diagrammatic reasoning that suggests several pedagogical implications for teaching college chemistry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:310–336, 2011