bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and fracture risk in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Xiaojuan , Li Wenhui , Yan Yonglong , Su Zhaojie , Huang Xuelin 
Published: May 2024

Objective We explored correlations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and fracture risk in older adults. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and CNKI for all relevant epidemiological studies published through October 16, 2023. Because observational studies were included in the meta-analysis, we used a random-effects model to pool the study-specific effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed study quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO. Results Eight studies with 462,986 participants were included, with five cohort studies, two cross-sectional studies, and one case–control study. An analysis of heterogeneity among the eight included studies resulted in I2 = 87.1%, indicating significant between-study heterogeneity; hence, the random-effects model was adopted to generate the combined effect size. We found that the DII was positively associated with fracture (relative risk: 1.188, 95% CI: 1.043–1.354). This result was further confirmed in leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Our study provides evidence suggesting that diets high in pro-inflammatory components might increase the fracture risk among older people. Decreased consumption of pro-inflammatory foods and increased consumption of anti-inflammatory foods are suggested to prevent adverse fracture outcomes. More prospective studies involving both sexes are warranted to verify the results.
The Iberian Administrative Legacy
Authors: Felker Lon S. 
Published: May 2024

The Iberian tradition-values introduced into many nations by Spain and Portugal-has endured. The values of patrimonialism, scholasticism, corporatism, orthodoxy, and mercantilism have had an influence on the public administrative systems of many lands in Latin America, parts of Africa, and Asian countries wherever Spain and Portugal had colonies. The two empires were motivated by many and conflicting objectives. Differences between the two systems are explainable in terms of timing, focus, and resources. The legacy is assessed in terms of several recent theories about the nature of political development
Millennials and Volunteering: Sector Differences and Implications for Public Service Motivation Theory
Authors: Ertas Nevbahar 
Published: May 2024

One of the most contested topics concerning the Millennial generation is the nature of their social-service orientation. While some experts characterize these young individuals as the most civically involved generation to date, others portray them as narcissistic and materialistic. Research from the field of public administration has shown that individuals with greater public service motivation (PSM) are more likely to work for government, and that individuals in this sector are also more likely to engage in other pro-social behaviors outside of work. Does this mean that Millennial workers currently in the public and nonprofit workforce resemble older workers in terms of their volunteering, or are they different along the lines identified in the broader literature on Millennials? Are there differences with respect to their participation in formal or informal settings or in certain domains of volunteering activity? In this paper, relying on PSM theory and using a nationally representative sample of US citizens, the formal and informal participation activities of Millennial and older individuals working in different sectors are compared. Results from this research showed that government employees, as well as those working in the non-profit sector, have higher participation in most formal and informal activities. Millennials in public service have higher participation in most venues compared to their peers in the private sector, but not as much as their older counterparts. The domain of formal volunteering activity partly matters, in that, compared to older respondents, Millennials in the private sector have a higher likelihood of volunteering in a civic and health institution, and all Millennials have a lower likelihood of volunteering through or for a religious organization. The limitations of the study, as well as the implications of its findings, are discussed in the concluding section.
Structural Racism as a Contributor to Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Among Black Populations in the United States
Authors: Robinson-Oghogho Joelle N. , Alcaraz Kassandra I. , Thorpe Roland J. 
Published: May 2024

Background Although racial disparities in lung cancer incidence and mortality have diminished in recent years, lung cancer remains the second most diagnosed cancer among US Black populations. Many factors contributing to disparities in lung cancer are rooted in structural racism. To quantify this relationship, we examined associations between a multidimensional measure of county-level structural racism and county lung cancer incidence and mortality rates among Black populations, while accounting for county levels of environmental quality. Methods We merged 2016-2020 data from the United States Cancer Statistics Data Visualization Tool, a pre-existing county-level structural racism index, the Environmental Protection Agency’s 2006-2010 Environmental Quality Index (EQI), 2023 County Health Rankings, and the 2021 United States Census American Community Survey. We conducted multivariable linear regressions to examine associations between county-level structural racism and county-level lung cancer incidence and mortality rates. Results Among Black males and females, each standard deviation increase in county-level structural racism score was associated with an increase in county-level lung cancer incidence of 6.4 (95% CI: 4.4, 8.5) cases per 100,000 and an increase of 3.3 (95% CI: 2.0, 4.6) lung cancer deaths per 100,000. When examining these associations stratified by sex, larger associations between structural racism and lung cancer rates were observed among Black male populations than among Black females. Conclusion Structural racism contributes to both the number of new lung cancer cases and the number of deaths caused by lung cancer among Black populations. Those aiming to reduce lung cancer cases and deaths should consider addressing racism as a root-cause.
Home Health Care Services: Management and Effectiveness in Changing Times
Authors: Shick Robert , Balinsky Warren 
Published: May 2024

New York City has the largest Medicaid personal care program (a form of home health care which includes many of the activities of daily living) in the country with approximately 45,000 clients and an annual budget of $1.5 billion. During the late 1980s and into the 1990s, New York State was experiencing budget difficulties, and established savings targets for local governments providing personal care services. In response, New York City, through its Home Attendant Program, began using different means of assessing clients’ service needs to produce these savings. This article examines Task Based Assessment (a new service assessment methodology), and determines the degree to which it was successful, organizational issues that were faced by New York City and the 60 nonprofit and profit making companies contracted to deliver the service, legal challenges that were raised by advocacy groups and another alternative to the delivery of personal care services, a capitated long term care program. Task Based Assessment did not achieve its goals and the authors suggest, based on the positive experience from the capitated long term care program in controlling personal care hours, that it is more effective to expand these capitated programs than to seek to achieve further cost savings through the Home Attendant Program.
What Can Community Organizations do for Tobacco Control?
Authors: Ransom Pamela , Shelley Donna 
Published: May 2024

Community based organizations can play a vital role in widespread involvement on health promotion through a range of activities. Little research to date has focused on the process of government agencies accessing the readiness of these organizations for engaging in tobacco control activities. Because tobacco is the number one cause of preventable death in the United States and impacts on African American communities are particularly severe, opinions of leaders and key management personnel in a variety of CBO's in minority communities may be seen as an important starting point for receptivity to future tobacco control activity by the organization. The purpose of this analysis is a pilot examination of these issues among a small group of organizations in two minority neighborhoods in New York City. The paper develops a methodology utilizing a “rapid appraisal” technique of key informant interviews for assessing these organizations receptivity to partnerships with government on tobacco control. Attitudes and beliefs about smoking including views about tobacco policies, government role and interest in working with government on tobacco control are assessed.
Using Community-Based Needs Assessments to Strengthen Nonprofit-Government Collaboration and Service Delivery
Authors: Eschenfelder Beth E. 
Published: May 2024

Human service needs assessments are a valuable research tool for prioritizing services to address unmet and undermet needs, and they are essential to organizational and community planning efforts. This article looks at the role of nonprofits in conducting human service needs assessments, a responsibility often left to government health and human service administrators. Exploring the role of private nonprofits in community-based research is especially relevant due to current economic challenges that have caused increasing need for human services, dwindling resources available to meet those needs, and even greater pressures on nonprofit and public organization administrators to prioritize limited resources and services. This article provides an overview of human service needs assessments—their purpose, benefits, problems, and strategies—and it reviews one exemplar human service needs assessment that may serve as a model for nonprofit and government administrators who are responsible for monitoring and responding to the health and human services needs of local communities and regions.
Health Disparity: Time Delay in the Treatment of Breast Cancer in Louisiana
Authors: Ferdaus Riaz , Kim Min Su , Larson James S. 
Published: May 2024

Previous studies have suggested that breast cancer patients with a delay of three months or more in initiating radiotherapy after breast conservative surgery, have increased recurrence and lower survival than those without treatment delay. In this study, the inequalities in receiving radiation on time after surgery were identified in five areas—patient's age at diagnosis, race, size of the facility where the patient received treatment, teaching status of the facilities and geographical location where the patient received treatment. All patients studied were female patients. Women younger than 50 years of age, of the black race, receiving treatment in a teaching hospital, and who were treated by surgeons in southeast and central Louisiana were more likely to experience delay in receiving radiotherapy after breast conservative surgery than their counterparts. Patient's insurance status, marital status and SES did not have any influence on treatment delay. Also, the surgeon's practice age at diagnosis, the surgeon's medical school, facility ownership status and Commission on Cancer approval status did not show significant effect.
A Call to Action: Increasing Health Providers in Underrepresented Populations through the Military
Authors: Harris G.L.A. , Lewis Evelyn L. , Calloway Margaret 
Published: May 2024

The state of the nation's health and healthcare disparities looms large and is currently at crisis proportions, so much so, that these issues have been advanced as a national priority. These disparities are known to disproportionately afflict minorities and disadvantaged groups who become predisposed to certain risks. However, in light of the ever increasing racial and ethnic diversity of the American population, the visible absence of underrepresented minorities (URMs) in the health professions needed to meet these growing needs continues to fuel these crises. The purpose of this paper is thus fourfold. First, to examine the reason (s) for the persistent shortage of underrepresented minorities in the health professions and the associated barriers they encounter in pursuing opportunities in these professions. Second, to determine the degree to which the shortage of URMs contributes to the current state of health and healthcare disparities among certain groups. Third, to identify nontraditional mechanisms like the military as a medium to help increase the number of URMs in the health professions pipeline. Finally, the authors discuss the role of cultural competence as an essential skill set in rendering quality healthcare to minority patients; the strengths and limitations of their findings; and the implications of these findings for future research.
Classifying and Comparing Fundraising Performance for Nonprofit Hospitals
Authors: Erwin Cathleen O. 
Published: May 2024

Charitable contributions are becoming increasingly important to nonprofit hospitals, yet fundraising can sometimes be one of the more troublesome aspects of management for nonprofit organizations. This study utilizes an organizational effectiveness and performance framework to identify groups of nonprofit organizations as a method of classifying organizations for performance evaluation and benchmarking that may be more informative than commonly used characteristics such as organizational age and size. Cluster analysis, ANOVA and chi-square analysis are used to study 401 organizations, which includes hospital foundations as well as nonprofit hospitals directly engaged in fundraising. Three distinct clusters of organizations are identified based on performance measures of productivity, efficiency, and complexity. a general profile is developed for each cluster based upon the cluster analysis variables and subsequent analysis of variance on measures of structure, maturity, and legitimacy as well as selected institutional characteristics. This is one of only a few studies to examine fundraising performance in hospitals and hospital foundations, and is the first to utilize data from an industry survey conducted by the leading general professional association for healthcare philanthropy. It has methodological implications for the study of fundraising as well as practical implications for the strategic management of fundraising for nonprofit hospital and hospital foundations.
Wait, Won't! Want: Barriers to Health Care as Perceived by Medically and Socially Disenfranchised Communities
Authors: Clochesy John M. , Gittner Lisaann S. , Hickman Ronald L. , Floersch Jerry E. , Carten Carla L. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives We explored barriers to healthcare as perceived by members of medically and socially disenfranchised communities. Methods. We conducted focus groups with 28 women and 32 men from Northeast Ohio who identified themselves as African-American, Hispanic/Latino, lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgendered, and/or Russian immigrant. Results Participants described their experiences of waiting, things they won't tolerate, when they won't participate, and what they want from providers. They described behaviors, actions and relationship characteristics that they want from their providers and characteristics that they prefer in health systems. Conclusions The themes of Wait, Won't, and Want have healthcare practice and policy implications. Patient-provider interactions are known to be significant determinants of healthcare outcomes and these exploratory findings suggest that they might also affect patient self-management strategies. Future efforts should focus on developing and testing patient-centered strategies that address the themes identified to increase engagement to increase self-management of health.
Venetoclax: a new player in the treatment of children with high-risk myeloid malignancies?
Authors: Masetti Riccardo , Baccelli Francesco , Leardini Davide , Locatelli Franco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Venetoclax selectively inhibits B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and restores apoptotic signaling of hematologic malignant cells. Venetoclax, in combination with hypomethylating and low-dose cytotoxic agents, has revolutionized the management of older patients affected by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and that of patients unfit to receive intensive chemotherapy. In a single phase 1 pediatric trial conducted on relapsed or refractory AML, the combination of venetoclax and intensive chemotherapy was shown to be safe and yielded promising response rates. In addition, several retrospective studies in children with AML reported that venetoclax, when combined with hypomethylating agents and cytotoxic drugs, seems to be a safe and efficacious bridge to transplant. The promising results on the use of venetoclax combinations in advanced myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and therapy-related MDS/AML have also been reported in small case series. This review summarizes the available current knowledge about venetoclax use in childhood high-risk myeloid neoplasms and discusses the possible integration of BCL-2 inhibition in the current treatment algorithm of these children. It also focuses on specific genetic subgroups potentially associated with response in preclinical and clinical studies.
Extracellular release of damaged mitochondria induced by prehematopoietic stem cell transplant conditioning exacerbates GVHD
Authors: Vijayan Vijith , Yan Hao , Lohmeyer Juliane K. , Prentiss Kaylin A. , Patil Rachna V. , Barbarito Giulia , Lopez Ivan , Elezaby Aly , Peterson Kolten , Baker Jeanette , Ostberg Nicolai P. , Bertaina Alice , Negrin Robert S. , Mochly-Rosen Daria , Weinberg Kenneth , Haileselassie Bereketeab 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite therapeutic advancements, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In current models of GVHD, tissue injury induced by cytotoxic conditioning regimens, along with translocation of microbes expressing pathogen-associated molecular patterns, result in activation of host antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to stimulate alloreactive donor T lymphocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that in many pathologic states, tissue injury results in the release of mitochondria from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space. We hypothesized that extracellular mitochondria, which are related to archaebacteria, could also trigger GVHD by stimulation of host APCs. We found that clinically relevant doses of radiation or busulfan induced extracellular release of mitochondria by various cell types, including cultured intestinal epithelial cells. Conditioning-mediated mitochondrial release was associated with mitochondrial damage and impaired quality control but did not affect the viability of the cells. Extracellular mitochondria directly stimulated host APCs to express higher levels of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II), costimulatory CD86, and proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in increased donor T-cell activation, and proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Analyses of plasma from both experimental mice and a cohort of children undergoing HSCT demonstrated that conditioning induced extracellular mitochondrial release in vivo. In mice undergoing MHC-mismatched HSCT, administration of purified syngeneic extracellular mitochondria increased host APC activation and exacerbated GVHD. Our data suggest that pre-HSCT conditioning results in extracellular release of damaged mitochondria, which increase alloreactivity and exacerbate GVHD. Therefore, decreasing the extracellular release of damaged mitochondria after conditioning could serve as a novel strategy for GVHD prevention.
Substance specific EEG patterns in mice undergoing slow anesthesia induction
Authors: Obert David P. , Killing David , Happe Tom , Tamas Philipp , Altunkaya Alp , Dragovic Srdjan Z. , Kreuzer Matthias , Schneider Gerhard , Fenzl Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe exact mechanisms and the neural circuits involved in anesthesia induced unconsciousness are still not fully understood. To elucidate them valid animal models are necessary. Since the most commonly used species in neuroscience are mice, we established a murine model for commonly used anesthetics/sedatives and evaluated the epidural electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns during slow anesthesia induction and emergence. Forty-four mice underwent surgery in which we inserted a central venous catheter and implanted nine intracranial electrodes above the prefrontal, motor, sensory, and visual cortex. After at least one week of recovery, mice were anesthetized either by inhalational sevoflurane or intravenous propofol, ketamine, or dexmedetomidine. We evaluated the loss and return of righting reflex (LORR/RORR) and recorded the electrocorticogram. For spectral analysis we focused on the prefrontal and visual cortex. In addition to analyzing the power spectral density at specific time points we evaluated the changes in the spectral power distribution longitudinally. The median time to LORR after start anesthesia ranged from 1080 [1st quartile: 960; 3rd quartile: 1080]s under sevoflurane anesthesia to 1541 [1455; 1890]s with ketamine. Around LORR sevoflurane as well as propofol induced a decrease in the theta/alpha band and an increase in the beta/gamma band. Dexmedetomidine infusion resulted in a shift towards lower frequencies with an increase in the delta range. Ketamine induced stronger activity in the higher frequencies. Our results showed substance-specific changes in EEG patterns during slow anesthesia induction. These patterns were partially identical to previous observations in humans, but also included significant differences, especially in the low frequencies. Our study emphasizes strengths and limitations of murine models in neuroscience and provides an important basis for future studies investigating complex neurophysiological mechanisms.
Predicting Alzheimer’s progression in MCI: a DTI-based white matter network model
Authors: Song Qiaowei , Peng Jiaxuan , Shu Zhenyu , Xu Yuyun , Shao Yuan , Yu Wen , Yu Liang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to identify features of white matter network attributes based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that might lead to progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and construct a comprehensive model based on these features for predicting the population at high risk of progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in MCI patients.

Methods
This study enrolled 121 MCI patients from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Among them, 36 progressed to AD after four years of follow-up. A brain network was constructed for each patient based on white matter fiber tracts, and network attribute features were extracted. White matter network features were downscaled, and white matter markers were constructed using an integrated downscaling approach, followed by forming an integrated model with clinical features and performance evaluation.

Results
APOE4 and ADAS scores were used as independent predictors and combined with white matter network markers to construct a comprehensive model. The diagnostic efficacy of the comprehensive model was 0.924 and 0.919, sensitivity was 0.864 and 0.900, and specificity was 0.871 and 0.815 in the training and test groups, respectively. The Delong test showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the diagnostic efficacy of the combined model and APOE4 and ADAS scores, while there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the combined model and white matter network biomarkers.

Conclusions
A comprehensive model constructed based on white matter network markers can identify MCI patients at high risk of progression to AD and provide an adjunct biomarker helpful in early AD detection.