bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration: a project involving young children with severe learning difficulties and first school children
Authors: Carpenter Barry , Lewis Ann , Moore Julie 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY10 children with severe learning difficulties were involved in an integration project with 10 6 – 7‐year‐old children from a local first school. The project entailed fortnightly afternoon sessions, generally held at the first school. Each session encompassed some whole group singing and language games, plus art and craft activities. The latter were highly structured and involved pairs of special and mainstream children working on cooperative tasks. The results of the project from the points of view of special and mainstream children, staff, and parents are considered. Implications, particularly those relating to organisation of integration experiences, are discussed.
Musical theatre:
Authors: Chance Arthur F. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe article briefly describes the staging of a highly successful musical, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, performed by a group of people with mental handicaps, with a professional lead and the support of local school orchestras. The show, which was repeated in several towns in the North of England, highlighted the talent and skill of the performers. It demonstrated clearly that theatre is an activity in which people with mental handicaps can participate to the full, providing them with an interesting and stimulating pastime and audiences with competent and enjoyable entertainment.
APPLICABILITY OF THE WAIS‐R: its use with people with mental handicaps
Authors: Jones Robert 
Published: August 2010

Ever since the introduction of the Binet Simon Scale in 1905, psychologists have been involved in the quantitative assessment of intellectual handicaps through psychometric means. Although more recently decreasing emphasis has been placed on psychometric measurement of intelligence quotient (IQ) as the major variable in the assessment of mental handicap (Clark, 1974; Mittler, 1970), intelligence scales are still widely used as an assessment aid. Since introduction of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) in 1955 it has been used by psychologists in addition to the Stanford‐Binet Scale. Recent surveys attest to the continuing popularity of both (Porteaus, 1983).In 1981, the WAIS was revised, restandardised, and published as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Revised (WAIS‐R). This paper considers the usefulness of the WAIS‐R to psychologists working with people who are mentally handicapped.
Prescribing practice in a mental handicap hospital: 1—ANTICONVULSANTS FROM 1978–87
Authors: Lynch S.R.J. 
Published: August 2010

This is the first of two articles which consider the use of medication in a mental handicap hospital over a ten‐year period. The present article reviews the use of medication to control epilepsy. The second will look at the use of psychotropic medication, that is, medication intended to alter mood, conciousness, or awareness.Prescription sheets and case notes of people resident in the hospital on 31st March 1978 and 31st March 1987 were studied to see trends in anticonvulsant usage during that period. There was a decline in the use of phenobarbitone and primidone, and an increase in the use of carbamazepine. The number of people on more than one drug did not alter greatly, but fewer were on more than two drugs by 1987. These results, and the continuing problem of people being prescribed more than one anticonvulsant at a time, are discussed.
REVIEWS
Authors: McCONKEY ROY , TOOGOOD RICHARD , ROWTHORN JOYCE , JOYCE THERESA , SWAIN JOHN , RAE MAUREEN , SEBBA JUDY 
Published: August 2010

Book reviewed in this article:The young person with Down's syndrome. Transition from adolescence to adulthood: Edited by Siegfried M. PueschelA sensory curriculum for very special people. A practical approach to curriculum planning Flo LonghornActivity programmes for body awareness, contact and communication Marianne and Christopher KnillDay services for people with severe handicaps. (Case studies for practice 2.) Material by Margaret Thomson and Fiona Pilkington and compiled by Philip SeedCaring together. Guidelines for carers' self‐help and support groups Judy WilsonPhysiotherapy in the community Edited by Ann GibsonSexuality and mental handicap. An educator's handbook Hilary Dixon
Maintaining staff morale: the value of a staff training and support network
Authors: Crawford Judith V. 
Published: August 2010

This article describes the setting up and maintenance of a pyramid support network for service staff working with people with mental handicaps. The scheme ran for nearly four years on the Isle of Wight.The network consisted of 12 groups of staff. Each group met, within work time, several times a year to discuss personal or work issues in a non‐threatening and supportive atmosphere. The rationale behind the scheme was that if staff felt valued, by having good personal support at work, this was likely to maintain high staff morale. This, in turn, should have a good outcome for service users.The scheme was successful while it ran, but it finished because of a number of reasons. These included financial restraints on travel and difficulty in releasing staff from work with service users.
A middle‐class global mobility? The working lives of Indian men in a west London hotel
Authors: BATNITZKY ADINA , MCDOWELL LINDA , DYER SARAH 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this article we examine the working lives of young, single, middle‐class Indian men employed in the increasingly global hospitality sector in London, UK. Using a case study of a single hotel, we investigate a particular form of Indian middle‐class global mobility that differs from both the well‐documented ‘low status’, unskilled migrant as well as the highly‐skilled, science oriented migrants. We explore how their jobs both reinforce and challenge middle‐class Indian notions of masculinity, as well as how the recruitment process is both gendered and economically selective. We suggest that the transnational formation of Indian middle‐class identity is drawn from four main categories: a middle‐class lifestyle in India, class‐based motivations, the gendered and class based recruitment process of the UK hospitality industry, and the performance of class‐based gender identities.
Septate‐tubular textures in 2.0‐Ga pillow lavas from the Pechenga Greenstone Belt: a nano‐spectroscopic approach to investigate their biogenicity
Authors: FLIEGEL D. , WIRTH R. , SIMONETTI A. , FURNES H. , STAUDIGEL H. , HANSKI E. , MUEHLENBACHS K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPillow lava rims and interpillow hyaloclastites from the upper part of the Pechenga Greenstone Belt, Kola Peninsula, N‐Russia contain rare tubular textures 15–20 μm in diameter and up to several hundred μm long in prehnite–pumpellyite to lower greenschist facies meta‐volcanic glass. The textures are septate with regular compartments 5–20 μm across and exhibit branching, stopping and no intersecting features. Synchrotron micro‐energy dispersive X‐ray was used to image elemental distributions; scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy, Fe L‐edge and C K‐edge were used to identify iron and carbon speciation at interfaces between the tubular textures and the host rock. In situ U–Pb radiometric dating by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS (laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) of titanite from pillow lavas yielded a metamorphic age of 1790 ± 89 Ma. Focused ion‐beam milling combined with transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the textures in three dimensions. Electron diffraction showed that the textures are mineralized by orientated pumpellyite. On the margins of the tubes, an interface between mica or chlorite and the pumpellyite shows evidence of dissolution reactions where the pumpellyite is replaced by mica/chlorite. A thin poorly crystalline Fe‐phase, probably precipitated out of solution, occurs at the interface between pumpellyite and mica/chlorite. This sequence of phases leads to the hypothesis that the tubes were initially hollow, compartmentalized structures in volcanic glass that were mineralized by pumpellyite during low‐grade metamorphism. Later, a Fe‐bearing fluid mineralized the compartments between the pumpellyite and lastly the pumpellyite was partially dissolved and replaced by chlorite during greenschist metamorphism. The most plausible origin for a septate‐tubular texture is a progressive etching of the host matrix by several generations of microbes and subsequently these tubes were filled by authigenic mineral precipitates. This preserves the textures in the rock record over geological time. The micro textures reported here thus represent a pumpellyite‐mineralized trace fossil that records a Paleoproterozoic sub‐seafloor biosphere.
Influence of age on the multifocal electroretinography
Authors: Mohidin N. , Yap M. K. H. , Jacobs R. J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe influence of age on the amplitude density (nV/sq deg) of the multifocal electroretinogram (ERG) was studied in 90 healthy subjects aged 18–52 years. Subjects were divided into three separate age groups; (i) 18–22 years (ii) 33‐37 years and (iii) 48–52 years. Amplitude density of first order kernel of the multifocal ERG was measured for the three different age groups. When the whole response of the retina is considered, analysis of variance showed no significant differences in amplitude density between the three age groups. (ANOVA, df: 2, 87 F=2.29, p=0.11. However if the responses were segregated into a central area and concentric rings around the central area, analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in responses between rings at different eccentricities and between different age groups (Anova F=76.19, df: 17, 522, p=0.00001). Post hoc analysis showed that the responses from the centre and the second ring around the centre of fixation for 48–52 year olds were significantly lower than those responses from the 33–37 year old and the 18–22 year old age groups. The decline in the multifocal ERG in the central retina of the 48–52 year olds could be associated with the decline of the number of photoreceptors as the eye ages. Student t test revealed no significant differences in amplitude density between males and females.
Decision support systems based on the Life Cycle Inventory for Municipal Solid Waste management under uncertainty
Authors: Bieda Boguslaw , Tadeusiewicz Ryszard 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLife Cycle Inventory (LCI) – part of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method – was used to evaluate two scenarios for waste to energy gasification plants based on the American (design at 200 T/D) and Australian (design at 240 T/D) gasification technologies including a 15‐year income statement projection. The paper uses stochastic modeling based on the internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) values of the new and actual equipment. The Monte Carlo simulation with the Excel spreadsheet and Crystal Ball® software was used to develop scenarios for uncertainty inputs. The sensitivity analysis and frequency charts represent the Crystal Ball® output and simulation results.
Managerial Ownership and Accounting Conservatism
Authors: LAFOND RYAN , ROYCHOWDHURY SUGATA 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper we examine the effect of managerial ownership on financial reporting conservatism. Separation of ownership and control gives rise to agency problems between managers and shareholders. Financial reporting conservatism is one potential mechanism to address these agency problems. We hypothesize that, as managerial ownership declines, the severity of agency problem increases, increasing the demand for conservatism. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that conservatism as measured by the asymmetric timeliness of earnings declines with managerial ownership. The negative association between managerial ownership and asymmetric timeliness of earnings is robust to various controls, in particular, for the investment opportunity set. We thus provide evidence of a demand for conservatism from the firm's shareholders.
KINETICS OF CHLOROPHYLL a AND PLASTOQUINONE A: CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO LIGHT INTENSITY1
Authors: Sheridan R. P. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe thermophilic blue‐green Synechococcus lividus Y52 was grown at several light intensities between 200 and 2400 ft‐c. A 3.4‐fold change of cellular chlorophyll (Chl) a content was found. The concentration of Plastoquinone A (PQA) per Chl a varied by a factor of 7, whereas PQA per cell varied by 1.4. Adaptation to light intensity appeared to occur through changes in size of the light‐gathering antenna of chlorophyll and phycocyanin while the concentration of PQA remained nearly constant.
OSCILLATORIA (TRICHODESMIUM) THIEBAUTII (CYANOPHYTA) IN THE CENTRAL NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN12
Authors: McCarthy James J. , Carpenter Edward J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPhysiological rate measurements were made with Oscillatoria thiebautii (Gom.) Geitler in the subtropical north Atlantic Ocean between Spain and Bermuda during May and June of 1975. The near surface C:N fixation ratios averaged 6.5, and the cellular composition ratio was 6.2, suggesting that N2 fixation is the major path of nitrogenous nutrition for this alga. Compared to other oceanic phytoplankters, it has a low affinity for orthophosphate at oceanic concentrations (ks= 9.0); however, it has a high potential for utilizing phosphomonoesters (170–300 ng atoms P ·μg chl a−1· h−1). Maximal photosynthesis occurred at 450–700 μ Einstein · m−2· s−1, and was inhibited by full sunlight. Calculated cell division rates (ca. 180 days) suggest that relative to other phytoplankters in this oceanic region, O. thiebautii must be subjected to negligible grazing pressure. No major differences in C, N, chl a or ATP were observed between the tuft (fusiform) and puff (spherical) colonies. ATP concentrations relative to other cellular constituents varied greatly between colonies, suggesting a general inter‐colony physiological variability in the open Atlantic. With increasing depth in the euphotic zone, there was no evidence for chromatic adaption. The observations that O. thiebautii represents only a small fraction of total phytoplankton biomass and that its growth rate is 10–100 times slower than that of the other indigenous phytoplankton, strongly suggest that N2 fixation by this alga is a virtually insignificant component of the nitrogenous nutrition for the phytoplankton of the North Atlantic central gyre in late Spring.
AQUIL: A CHEMICALLY DEFINED PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURE MEDIUM FOR TRACE METAL STUDIES12
Authors: Morel F. M. M. , Rueter J. G. , Anderson Donald M. , Guillard R. R. L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe medium Aquil and its variations have been successfully used for trace metal studies of marine phytoplankton (diatoms and dinoflagellates) over the past three years. Here, the recipes, the methods of preparation and the chemical composition of Aquil are presented in detail. To permit complete definition of chemical speciation of the various components as calculated from thermodynamic equilibria, trace element contamination is controlled and the formation of precipitates and adsorbates is avoided. It is established that Aquil is suitable for physiological experiments with a variety of marine phytoplankters representing all major phyla. Modifications of the basic recipe and design of chemically defined media in general are discussed.
TAXONOMY AND FRUSTULAR STRUCTURE OF THE MARINE CENTRIC DIATOM PARALIA SULCATA1
Authors: Crawford Richard M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTLight and electron microscopy were used to investigate the complex structure of the frustule of Paralia sulcata (Ehrenb.) Cleve. Rimoportulae are reported for the first time in this diatom and two types of linking processes are described. The ease with which the cingulum is lost is explained with regard to its attachment to the valve. Two kinds of heterovalvy were observed and the taxonomic significance of one of these is discussed. The validity of Heiberg's genus Paralia is confirmed and a type slide of the species is designated.
FACTORS REGULATING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE FILAMENTOUS ALGA PITHOPHORA OEDOGONIA (CHLOROPHYCEAE) IN AN INDIANA LAKE1
Authors: Spencer David F. , Lembi Carole A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittr. biomass in Surrey Lake, Indiana was greater in the littoral than in the pelagial region. Although mean soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations did not differ between the two areas, nitrate concentrations were almost six times higher in the cove than in the open water. Using laboratory cultures of Pithophora, the half saturation constant (Ks at 20° C relating filament growth to external concentrations of nitrate‐nitrogen was determined to be 1.23 mg L−1 (=88 μM)and for phosphate‐phosphorus, 0.1 mg L−1 (=3.22 μM). These values were used to calculate a NO3‐N/PO4‐P atomic ratio of 27.6. Comparison of this value with NO3‐N/PO4‐P ratios in Surrey Lake showed that nitrogen limiting conditions were prevalent in the open water section of the lake. Alkaline phosphatase and dark ammonia uptake analyses on field collected filaments from the shallow and deep water sections confirmed the hypothesis that nitrate is the major factor limiting growth of Pithophora in Surrey Lake.
PHYTOPLANKTON LIPIDS: INTERSPECIFIC DIFFERENCES AND EFFECTS OF NITRATE, SILICATE AND LIGHT‐DARK CYCLES1
Authors: Shifrin Neil S. , Chisholm Sallie W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe lipid content of various phytoplankton species was measured in response to nitrogen and silicon limitation and over the cell cycle in synchronized cultures. In a survey of 30 species it was found that during log‐phase growth, green algae contained an average of 17.1% total lipids (% of total dry weight), whereas diatoms contained an average of 24.5%. Nitrogen deprivation for 4 to 9 days resulted in 2‐ to 3‐fold increases in the lipid content of green algae, whereas both increases and decreases were noted in diatoms, depending on the species. The greatest lipid content measured in the study was 72% in Monallantus salina (strain GSB Sticho) which had been deprived of nitrogen for 9 days. Nitrate replenishment in a nitrogen starved culture of Oocystis polymorpha Groover & Bold showed that the excess cellular lipids do not rapidly disappear during recovery, until cell division occurs.A silicate deprivation experiment with Cyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin & Guillard (strain 7c) showed an increase in the total cellular lipid fraction from. 30 to 42% of dry weight within 6 h of the onset of silicon limitation, while the mass of lipid material per cell doubled within 12 h. The total lipid fraction in O. polymorpha was found to remain constant over the cell cycle in synchronized cultures regardless of the light regime. The data presented provided the first internally consistent study of phytoplankton lipids for a wide range of species and several growth conditions.
THE MECHANISMS OF FLUORIDE TOXICITY AND FLUORIDE RESISTANCE IN SYNECHOCOCCUS LEOPOLIENSIS (CYANOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Nichol Brian E. , Budd Kenneth , Palmer Gerald R. , MacArthur J. Duncan 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTFluoride was supplied as dissolved NaF at concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 7.9 mM (5–150 ppm) to three freshwater microalgae: Synechococcus leopoliensis (Racib.) Komarek (Cyanophyta), Oscillatoria limnetica Lemmermann (Cyanophyta) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (Chlorophyta). Growth of C. pyrenoidosa was unaffected by fluoride, and uptake of fluoride by this organism was not detectable. Growth of the cyanophytes was temporarily inhibited by NaF. The duration of this growth lag increased markedly as the pH was lowered at constant external fluoride concentration. In S. leopoliensis, fluoride uptake and inhibition of photosynthesis by NaF increased in the same way as did the growth lag in response to pH. Growth‐inhibitory NaF treatments decreased the ATP level in cells of S. leopoliensis by 75% and also abolished phosphate uptake. Cells of S. leopoliensis in which fluoride‐resistance was induced by prior growth in non‐growth‐inhibitory levels of NaF accumulated much less fluoride than did normal (“sensitive”) cells, and also did not respond to fluride by reduction of the ATP pool. It is suggested (1) that fluoride enters sensitive cells of S. leopoliensis principally as undissociated HF; (2) that its major inhibitory effect in these cells is the reduction in cellular ATP; (3)that fluoride‐resistant cells accumulate less fluoride by developing incresed permeability to the fluoride anion.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON METABOLISM IN ENTEROMORPHA COMPRESSA (CHLOROPHYTA)1
Authors: Beer Sven , Shragge Bryan 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe intertidal macroalga Enteromorpha compressa showed the ability to use HCO3− as an exogenous inorganic carbon (Ci) source for photosynthesis. However, although the natural seawater concentration of this carbon form was saturating, additional CO2 above ambient Ci levels doubled net photosynthetic rates. Therefore, the productivity of this alga, when submerged, is likely to be limited by Ci. When plants were exposed to air, photosynthetic rates saturated at air‐levels of CO2 during mild desiccation.Based on carbon fixing enzyme activities and Ci pulsechase incorporation patterns, it was found that Enteromorpha is a C3 plant. However, this alga did not show O2 inhibited photosynthetic rates at natural seawater Ci conditions. It is suggested that such a C4‐ like gas exchange response is due to the HCO3− utilization system concentrating CO2 intracellularly, thus alleviating apparent photorespiration.
MEDIA FOR THE CULTURE OF OCEANIC ULTRAPHYTOPLANKTON1,2
Authors: Keller Maureen D. , Selvin Rhonda C. , Claus Wolfgang , Guillard Robert R. L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA medium (K) developed for culturing fastidious oceanic phytoplankton has been tested using recently isolated ultraphytoplankton clones representing at least seven different algal classes. The medium was designed to satisfy as completely as possible the nutritional requirements of this diverse group of phytoplankters. Important aspects are the addition of selenium, the inclusion of both nitrate and ammonium, an increased level of chelation and a moderate level of pH buffering. The seawater‐based version of this medium has been tested on 200 clones of which 186 grew reliably. A synthetic counterpart (AK) was tested on 40 of the more difficult clones and 27 grew well; 13 grew not all. While neither medium meets the exacting nutritional needs of all the ultraphytoplankton forms tested, they are excellent for most oceanic clones and are very successful for the isolation and establishment in culture of new oceanic phytoplankton clones.