bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Au and NiO nanoparticles dispersed inside porous SiO2 sol-gel film: correlation between localized surface plasmon resonance and structure upon thermal annealing
Authors: Della Gaspera Enrico , Mattei Giovanni , Martucci Alessandro 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe favorable lattice matching between Au and NiO crystals made possible the growth of unique cookie-like nanoparticles (25 nm mean diameter) inside a porous SiO2 film after annealing at 700 °C. The unusual aggregates result from the coupling of well distinguishable Au and NiO hemispheres, which respectively face each other through the (100) and (200) lattice planes. The thermal evolution of the Au and NiO nanoparticles structure has been studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and correlated with the evolution of the Au surface plasmon resonance peak.
Trastuzumab for Small HER-2+ Breast Cancer: Small Tumor, Big Decision
Authors: Connolly Roisin M. , Bardia Aditya 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Presentation of the Case
A 53-year-old postmenopausal woman was found to have a new area of microcalcification at the 10 o'clock position of her right breast during a routine screening mammogram. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy revealed a grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma, estrogen receptor (ER)+ (90%), progesterone receptor positive (20%), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2+ (3+ by immunohistochemistry). A right breast lumpectomy and sentinel node biopsy were performed. The invasive tumor measured 0.7 cm, no lymphovascular space invasion was identified, surgical margins were uninvolved, and the sentinel lymph nodes were negative for tumor. She was evaluated postoperatively in the medical oncology clinic to discuss an adjuvant treatment strategy.
The question for our colleagues is: should she be offered adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab prior to adjuvant radiation and 5 years of hormonal therapy?
CPOE in Non-Surgical Versus Surgical Specialties: A Qualitative Comparison of Clinical Contexts in the Medication Process
Authors: Niazkhani Zahra , Pirnejad Habibollah , Bont Antoinette de , Aarts Jos 
Published: April 2012

Background:
Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems are implemented in various clinical contexts of a hospital. To identify the role of the clinical context in CPOE use, we compared the impact of a CPOE system on the medication process in both non-surgical and surgical specialties.

Methods:
We conducted a qualitative study of surgical and non-surgical specialties in a 1237-bed, academic hospital in the Netherlands. We interviewed the clinical end users of a computerized medication order entry system in both specialty types and analyzed the interview transcripts to elicit qualitative differences between the clinical contexts, clinicians’ attitudes, and specialty-specific requirements.

Results:
Our study showed that the differences in clinical contexts between non-surgical and surgical specialties resulted in a disparity between clinicians’ requirements when using CPOE. Non-surgical specialties had a greater medication workload, greater and more diverse information needs to be supported in a timely manner by the system, and thus more intensive interaction with the CPOE system. In turn these factors collectively influenced the perceived impact of the CPOE system on the clinicians’ practice. The non-surgical clinicians expressed less positive attitudes compared to the surgical clinicians, who perceived their interaction with the system to be less intensive and less problematic.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that clinicians’ different attitudes towards the system and the perceived impact of the system were largely grounded in the clinical context of the units. The study suggests that not merely the CPOE system, the technology itself, influences the perceptions of its users and workflow-related outcomes. The interplay between technology and clinical context of the implementation environment also matters. System design and redesigning efforts should take account of different units’ specific requirements in their particular clinical contexts.
Extrusion of AlCuMg Alloys with Simultaneous Solution Heat Treatment
Authors: Leśniak D. , Woźnicki A. 
Published: April 2012

Extrusion of AlCuMg Alloys with Simultaneous Solution Heat Treatment
In the work, the experiments on extrusion of high-strength aluminium alloys (2014 and 2024) with solution heat treatment on the press were performed. The experimental study describes extrudates microstructure and mechanical properties in dependence on alloy chemical composition, mode of homogenization treatment and temperature-speed extrusion conditions. The optical microscopy and SEM/EDS characterization were supported by DSC analysis, enabling to determine the solidus temperatures of the alloys. The investigations revealed that minimal contents of the main alloy additions (Cu, Mg), high-temperature homogenization and increased extrusion temperatures contributed to achieving high solutioning ratio of the alloys, guarantying improved mechanical properties of the extrudates. The high-temperature homogenization allowed achieving uniform microstructure of ingots with fine particles of intermetallic phases. The significant increase in solidus temperatures of the homogenized alloys enabled more effective solutioning on the run-out table. The maximal permissible metal exit speed was increased and the extrusion force was reduced in comparison to the conventional extrusion technology. The proposed solutions will allow for industrial producing AlCuMg extrudates of improved mechanical properties in the shortened technological cycle with heat treatment on the press.
The Influence of Soldering Conditions on Conductivity, Structure and Strength of Cu/Sn96Ag4 Solders
Authors: Boczkal G. , Marecki P. , Perek-Nowak M. 
Published: April 2012

The Influence of Soldering Conditions on Conductivity, Structure and Strength of Cu/Sn96Ag4 Solders
In the paper the electrical properties of the Cu/Sn96Ag4 solders were studied. The studied solders were produced at 200, 220 and 250°C and within time range 3 to 90 s. Soldering temperatures were chosen to assure the best soldering conditions for the Cu/Sn96Ag4 alloy. The most appropriate temperature of 200°C is the one just above the melting point. The temperature of 250°C is the maximal one recommended by producers, which can be applied for the electronic elements during soldering. The studies have shown that the best electrical properties and tensile strength Rm have samples soldered at times 3 and 30 s, while the highest specific resistance together with the lowest Rm value are observed for samples soldered at the time of 10 s. The soldering temperature have small influence on the strength of the connection/bond however it shows significant affect on the electrical properties.
Influence of Slenderness Ratios of a Multi-Hole Ceramic Filters at the Effectiveness of Process of Filtration of Non-Metallic Inclusions from Liquid Steel
Authors: Janiszewski K. 
Published: April 2012

Influence of Slenderness Ratios of a Multi-Hole Ceramic Filters at the Effectiveness of Process of Filtration of Non-Metallic Inclusions from Liquid SteelThe paper presents the results of investigations of the process of filtration of solid non-metallic inclusions from liquid steel with use of multi-hole ceramic filters (filtrating surfaces) characterised by a varying slenderness ratios. In order to eliminate the negative influence of the ambient air atmosphere the investigations have been carried out under a protective argon atmosphere. The experimental results obtained have proved earlier suggestions of papers [9-12] about the negative influence of ambient air atmosphere, as well as the essential influence of slenderness ratio of the used multi-hole ceramic filter at the increase of effectiveness of the liquid steel refining processes carried out through steel filtration.
Secondary Steel Refining for Continuous Sequence Bloom Casting for High Oxide Cleanness Final Products
Authors: Zdonek B. , Szypuła I. , Kozłowski J. , Szczęch S. 
Published: April 2012

Secondary Steel Refining for Continuous Sequence Bloom Casting for High Oxide Cleanness Final ProductsSteelmaking and secondary refining process technology of resulphurized liquid steel with low content of total oxygen, assigned for continuous casting of strands for rolled and forged products for automotive industry was developed. The influence of secondary steel refining parameters on total oxygen content as well as amount and morphology of non-metallic inclusions was examined. It was found, that content of total oxygen and amount of non-metallic inclusions in steel decrease as steel refining time in the ladle becomes longer, and the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions in steel changes from modified calcium aluminates to spinel inclusion of CaO·Al2O3·MgO type. The total oxygen content in steel from continuous casting in four cast sequence ranged from 6 to 25 ppm, with percentage share of non-metallic inclusions from 0.09 to 0.30 per cent and equivalent diameter 0.78 to 1.59 μm.
Identification of the Boundary Conditions in the Continuous Casting of Steel
Authors: Rywotycki M. , Miłkowska-Piszczek K. , Trębacz L. 
Published: April 2012

Identification of the Boundary Conditions in the Continuous Casting of SteelThe results of investigations relating the determination of thermal boundary conditions for continuous casting of steel were presented in the paper. The slab of dimensions 1100 mm x 220 mm was analyzed. In numerical calculations two models were compared. The first was the simple one and it used average heat transfer coefficient in both cooling zones. The second one used complex models in primary and secondary cooling zones. The presented models were verified on basing on an industrial data base. The problem was solved by the finite element method and the commercial numerical packet ProCAST.
Relative contribution of surface mass-balance and ice-flux changes to the accelerated thinning of Mer de Glace, French Alps, over1979-2008
Authors: Berthier Etienne , Vincent Christian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBy subtracting surface topographies from 1979, 1994, 2000 and 2008, we measured icethinning rates increasing from 1 ma-1 (1979-94) to >4 ma-1 (2000-08) on the tongue of Mer de Glace, French Alps. The relative contributions of changes in surface mass balance and ice fluxes to this acceleration in the thinning are estimated using field and remote-sensing measurements. Between 1979-94 and 2000-08, surface mass balance diminished by 1.2mw.e.a-1, mainly because of atmospheric warming. Mass-balance changes induced by the growing debris-covered area and the evolving glacier hypsometry compensated each other. Meanwhile, Mer de Glace slowed down and the ice fluxes through two cross sections at 2200 and 2050ma.s.l. decreased by 60%. Between 1979-94 and 2000-08, two-thirds of the increase in the thinning rates was caused by reduced ice fluxes and one- third by rising surface ablation. However, these numbers need to be interpreted cautiously given our inability to respect mass conservation below our upper cross section. An important implication is that large errors would occur if one term of the continuity equation (e.g. surface mass balance) were deduced from the two others (e.g. elevation and ice-flux changes).
Treatment of Medically Refractory Hypercalcemic Crisis
Authors: Au Selena , Dunham Michael , Godinez Tomas 
Published: April 2012

Introduction: A 58-year-old patient was admitted to the intensive care unit for severe hypercalcemia (total Ca 5.30 mmol/L) complicated with status epilepticus, hypertensive crisis and acute renal failure. Renal replacement therapy was explored as a method for treating medically refractory hypercalcemia. Methods: Because of hemodynamic instability during intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) with high rates of calcium-free replacement fluids was instituted. Epoprostenol rather than citrate was used as anticoagulation to ensure adequate extracorporeal anticoagulation. Results: CVVH was continued for 40 hours total during which ionized calcium decreased from 2.19 to 1.07 mmol/L. The etiology of the hypercalcemia was from autoinfarction of a parathyroid adenoma. Conclusions: This is the first case of hypercalcemia treated with CVVH with epoprostenol anticoagulation. This method avoids some of the pitfalls of using intermittent hemodialysis. It is also a rare example of hypercalcemia induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).
Artificial Liver Support System Reduces Intracranial Pressure More Effectively than Bioartificial System: An Experimental Study
Authors: Ryska Ondrej , Pantoflicek Tomas , Laszikova Eva , Prazak Josef , Koblihova Eva , Ryska Miroslav 
Published: April 2012

Objectives: Extracorporeal liver support (ELS) may play a role in bridging therapy in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). The aim of this study was to compare the influence of nonbiological and biological methods on intracranial pressure (ICP) in an animal model of ALF. Methods: A surgical devascularization model of ALF in pigs (35–40 kg) was used. Elimination therapy started after the onset of hypoglycemia. Biochemical parameters (bilirubin, ammonia, lactate, etc.) as well as ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were monitored for 12 hours. Of the total 31 pigs with ALF, 14 animals were treated by fractionated plasma separation and absorption (FPSA), 10 were treated with a bioartificial liver (BAL), and 7 animals were used as a control group. Results: FPSA and BAL treatment started on average 3 hours 17 minutes and 2 hours 21 minutes, after devascularization and lasted for 5 hours 54 minutes and 5 hours 43 minutes, respectively. Ammonia levels were lower in the FPSA group, and bilirubin levels differed significantly in both the FPSA and BAL groups compared with controls. However, ICP values were reduced more effectively in pigs treated by FPSA: 19.1 vs. 27.0 mm Hg at 9 hours, 22.5 vs. 28.7 mm Hg at 11 hours, and 24.0 vs. 33.0 mm Hg at 12 hours (p<0.05). Conclusions: The artificial liver support system FPSA reduced ICP values more effectively than the Performer O. Liver RanD BAL system. Compared with this BAL system, the nonbiological elimination method of FPSA is a simpler application with the advantage that it can be applied in a more continuous way.
World of Similitude: The Metamorphosis of Iranian Architecture
Authors: Farahi Farshad 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHow can an ancient architectural heritage become a rich resource for inspiration rather than a burden or a limitation? Moving away from a conventional formal analysis of historic architecture, which identifies particular periods with specific styles or characteristics, Farshad Farahi suggests an approach that unites the contemporary philosophically and spiritually with its past ‐ by seeking out an imaginary dimension or ‘World of Similitude’.
Assimilating the Authentic with the Contemporary: The Work of Hadi Mirmiran 1945–2006
Authors: Sayar Saman 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHadi Mirmiran formulated a third way for Iranian architecture. During the 1980s he created an influential shift in thinking and practice by developing an alternative approach, which neither directly imitated Western Modernism nor copied traditional building forms. As Saman Sayar explains, Mirmiran developed a uniquely Iranian treatment that owed as much to the geometrical purity and simplicity of the 17th‐century Bridge of 33 Arches in Isfahan as to Mies van der Rohe.
Functionalized Poly(γ‐Glutamic Acid) Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Gentilini Cristina , Dong Yixiang , May Jessica R. , Goldoni Silvia , Clarke David E. , Lee Boon‐Heng , Pashuck E. Thomas , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPoly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) is a biocompatible, enzymatically‐degradable, natural polymer with a higher resistance to hydrolysis than polyesters commonly used for tissue engineering scaffolds such as poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA). Notably, γ‐PGA's free carboxyl side groups allow for simple chemical functionalization, making it a versatile candidate for producing scaffolds. Here, a series of water‐resistant fibrous scaffolds were engineered from ethyl (Et), propyl (Pr) and benzyl (Bn) esterifications of γ‐PGA. All scaffolds were non‐cytotoxic and γ‐PGA‐Bn showed an increase in cell adhesion of hMSCs compared to γ‐PGA‐Et and γ‐PGA‐Pr. Moreover, cells on γ‐PGA‐Bn showed three‐fold higher viability at day 14 and significantly higher adhesion when compared with PLLA scaffolds, despite having a similar hydrophobicity. Cell attachment decreased by 40% when the polymer was only partially modified with benzyl groups (γ‐PGA‐Bn‐77%), but was restored when integrin‐binding RGD peptide was conjugated to the remaining free carboxylic groups, indicating the peptide was accessible and able to bind integrins. The mechanism behind the cell‐material interactions on γ‐PGA‐Bn scaffolds was further investigated through protein adsorption and fibronectin conformation experiments. These results, in addition to the cell‐adhesion studies, suggest an inherent effect of the benzyl modification in the mechanism of cell attachment to γ‐PGA‐Bn scaffolds. Finally, γ‐PGA‐Bn scaffolds cultured in osteogenic media were also efficient in supporting hMSCs differentiation towards an osteogenic lineage as determined by alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 gene expression. Taken together these data suggest that esterified γ‐PGA polymer scaffolds are new and versatile candidates for tissue engineering applications and that, intriguingly, aromatic functionality plays a key role in the cell‐scaffold interaction.
Materials for Diabetes Therapeutics
Authors: Bratlie Kaitlin M. , York Roger L. , Invernale Michael A. , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis review is focused on the materials and methods used to fabricate closed‐loop systems for type 1 diabetes therapy. Herein, we give a brief overview of current methods used for patient care and discuss two types of possible treatments and the materials used for these therapies–(i) artificial pancreases, comprised of insulin producing cells embedded in a polymeric biomaterial, and (ii) totally synthetic pancreases formulated by integrating continuous glucose monitors with controlled insulin release through degradable polymers and glucose‐responsive polymer systems. Both the artificial and the completely synthetic pancreas have two major design requirements: the device must be both biocompatible and be permeable to small molecules and proteins, such as insulin. Several polymers and fabrication methods of artificial pancreases are discussed: microencapsulation, conformal coatings, and planar sheets. We also review the two components of a completely synthetic pancreas. Several types of glucose sensing systems (including materials used for electrochemical, optical, and chemical sensing platforms) are discussed, in addition to various polymer‐based release systems (including ethylene‐vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, and phenylboronic acid containing hydrogels).
Endoscopic neural blockade for rhinogenic headache and facial pain: 2011 update
Authors: Rodman Regina , Dutton Jay 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:Over 45 million Americans suffer from recurrent headaches, and an estimated $11.9 million was spent on doctor's visits for rhinogenic pain last year. Sphenopalatine blocks have been described for various facial pain syndromes, but their use and the type of blockade agents remain controversial. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that endoscopic nerve blocks, using a mixture of bupivicaine and triamcinolone‐40, injected into the anterior ethmoid or sphenopalatine regions, can be a relative safe and effective option for refractory pain.Methods:The charts of all patients undergoing endoscopic neural blockade, in a private practice setting from 1998 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. A 1:1 mixture of 0.5% bupivicaine and triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension was injected into the patients' anterior ethmoid or sphenopalatine neural distribution, or both, depending on the pain distribution. Charts were reviewed to assess outcomes and any adverse events from nerve blocks.Results:A total of 882 nerve blocks were administered to 147 patients, over the course of 431 office visits. Four mild complications, 2 moderate complications, and no severe or permanent complications were noted. No permanent visual complications were observed. Of all the charts, 85% had documented effects of the nerve block at follow‐up. Of those, 81.3% claimed improvement, 17.9% reported feeling the same, and 0.79% stated they had worse pain.Conclusion:Endoscopic neural blockade appears to be a relatively safe and viable option in the treatment of refractory headache and facial pain with a rhinogenic component. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Association between bone mineral density and C‐reactive protein in a large population‐based sample
Authors: de Pablo Paola , Cooper Mark S. , Buckley Christopher D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies suggest that bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced in chronic inflammatory diseases. Higher serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with lower BMD in women and older adults. However, it is not clear whether this association holds in a representative sample of the general population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between BMD and CRP level in a large representative US population‐based sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsWe included participants age ≥20 years with BMD (total and subregions) measured by dual x‐ray absorptiometry scans and complete information on covariates from NHANES. The association between CRP level and BMD was evaluated using multivariate linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders and further adjusting for comorbid diseases, medications, and serum vitamin D levels.ResultsThe study sample included 10,475 participants (53% Caucasian, 22% Mexican American, 18% African American, and 7% other races). Men had higher BMD and lower CRP concentrations than women. BMD (total body BMD as well as subtotal BMD and BMD of the extremities, ribs, and trunk subregions) was inversely associated with quintiles of CRP concentration both in men and in women in a dose‐dependent manner (for total BMD, P for trend < 0.0001 for men, P for trend = 0.0005 for women). The associations were independent of medications, comorbidities, and other potential confounders. The results remained largely unchanged with further adjustment for serum vitamin D levels.ConclusionAmong men and women in a large representative population‐based sample, the CRP level was inversely and independently associated with total BMD in a dose‐dependent manner.