bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE HABITAT SUITABILITY CRITERIA ON PHABSIM HABITAT INDEX RESULTS
Authors: Ayllón D. , Almodóvar A. , Nicola G.G. , Elvira B. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) still probably remains as the most widespread habitat method used to establish inflow standards or to link habitat temporal variations with fish population dynamics. However, statistical uncertainties around the PHABSIM main output, the weighted usable area (WUA) over discharge curves, are usually ignored. Here, we assess the uncertainty in WUA curves and derived habitat duration curves induced by the variability around the PHABSIM biological model, the habitat suitability criteria, using brown trout Salmo trutta as the model species. Bootstrap analyses showed that the uncertainty around the WUA curves was rather high when bootstrap sample (BS) size was low and differed among age classes, being generally lower for young‐of‐the‐year (YOY). Width of 95% confidence intervals for maximum WUA magnitude increased with decreasing BS size, ranging from 19.3% for YOY trout at the largest BS size (40 transects, 270 habitat use observations) to 146% for juveniles at the smallest BS size (nine transects, 60 habitat use observations). The uncertainty arose primarily from the construction of the channel index variable. Nevertheless, results showed that the uncertainty in WUA values could be reduced down to acceptable levels by using general functional channel index categories. Likewise, the shape of WUA curves was also highly variable when BS was small. These patterns resulted in habitat duration curves being highly uncertain, much more in their amplitude than in their shape. Uncertainty about the flows corresponding to different habitat exceedance values increased with decreasing probability of exceedance. Width of peak flow confidence intervals ranged from 3.3% for YOY trout at the largest BS size to 226% for adults at the smallest BS size. Yet such levels of uncertainty do not necessarily entail critical errors in the decision‐making process because large variability in flow peak does not necessarily lead to large variability in WUA magnitude.
Brief overview of symbolic data and analytic issues
Authors: Billard L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWith the advent of contemporary computers, datasets can be massively huge, too large for direct analysis. One of the many approaches to this problem of size is to aggregate the data according to some appropriate scientific question of interest, with the resulting dataset perforce being one with symbolic‐valued observations such as lists, intervals, histograms, and the like. Other datasets, small or large, are naturally symbolic in nature. One aim here is to provide a brief nontechnical overview of symbolic data and discuss how they arise. We also provide brief insights into some of the issues that arise in their analyses. These include the need to take into account the internal variations inherent in symbolic data but not present in classical data. Another issue is that, by the nature of the aggregation, resulting datasets can contain “holes” or regions that are not possible; thus, accommodation for these need to be taken into account, when, e.g. seemingly interval data are actually some other form of symbolic data (such as histogram data). Also, we show how other forms of complex data differ from symbolic data; so, e.g. fuzzy data are a different domain than that for symbolic data. Finally, we look at further research needs for the subject. A more technical introduction to symbolic data and available analytic methodology is given by Noirhomme and Brito. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 149–156, 2011
p,p'‐DDE induces apoptosis and mRNA expression of apoptosis‐associated genes in testes of pubertal rats
Authors: Shi Yu‐Qin , Li Hao‐Wen , Wang Yu‐Ping , Liu Chang‐Jiang , Yang Ke‐Di 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOne,1‐dichloro‐2,2 bis(p‐chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'‐DDE), the major metabolite of 2,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1,1,1‐trichloroethane (DDT), is a known persistent organic pollutant and male reproductive toxicant. It has antiandrogenic effect. However, the mechanism by which p,p'‐DDE exposure causes male reproductive toxicity remains unknown. To elucidate the mechanism underpinning the testicular effects of p,p'‐DDE, we sought to investigate apoptotic effects and mRNA expression of apoptosis‐associated genes in the testis of pubertal rats, including Fas, FasL, calpain‐1, cytochrome c, Bax, Bcl‐w, Bak, and caspase‐3, ‐8, ‐9, ‐12. Animals were administered with different doses of p,p'‐DDE (0, 20, 60, 100 mg/kg body weight) every other day by intraperitoneal injection for 10 days. The results indicated that p,p'‐DDE exposure at over 20 mg/kg body weight showed the induction of apoptotic cell death. p,p'‐DDE could induce decrease in SOD and GSH‐Px activity of serum in 60 mg/kg body weight group. Significant elevations in the mRNA levels of Fas, FasL, calpain‐1, cytochrome c, Bax, Bak, and caspase‐3, ‐8, ‐9, ‐12 were observed in testis of rat treated with p,p'‐DDE. Taken together, these results lead us to speculate that in vivo exposure to p,p'‐DDE might induce testicular apoptosis in pubertal rats through the involvement of Fas/FasL, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum‐mediated pathways. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2013.
Chromium(III) oxide nanoparticles induced remarkable oxidative stress and apoptosis on culture cells
Authors: Horie Masanori , Nishio Keiko , Endoh Shigehisa , Kato Haruhisa , Fujita Katsuhide , Miyauchi Arisa , Nakamura Ayako , Kinugasa Shinichi , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Niki Etsuo , Yoshida Yasukazu , Iwahashi Hitoshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3) is used for industrial applications such as catalysts and pigments. In the classical form, namely the fine particle, Cr2O3 is insoluble and chemically stable. It is classified as a low‐toxicity chromium compound. Recently, industrial application of nanoparticles (a new form composed of small particles with a diameter of ≤100 nm, in at least one dimension) has been increasing. Cellular effects induced by Cr2O3 nanoparticles are not known. To shed light upon this, the release of soluble chromium from Cr2O3 nano‐ and fine‐particles in culture medium was compared. Fine Cr2O3 particles were insoluble in the culture medium; on the contrary, Cr2O3 nanoparticles released soluble hexavalent chromium into the culture medium. Cr2O3 nanoparticles showed severe cytotoxicity. The effect of Cr2O3 nanoparticles on cell viability was higher than that of fine particles. Cr2O3 nanoparticles showed cytotoxicity equal to that of hexavalent chromium (K2Cr2O7). Human lung carcinoma A549 cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells showed an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and activation of antioxidant defense systems on exposure to Cr2O3 nanoparticles. Exposure of Cr2O3 nanoparticles led to caspase‐3 activation, showing that the decrease in cell viability by exposure to Cr2O3 nanoparticles was caused by apoptosis. Cellular responses were stronger in the Cr2O3 nanoparticles‐exposed cells than in fine Cr2O3‐ and CrCl3‐exposed cells. Cellular uptake of Cr2O3 particles were observed in nano‐ and fine‐particles. The cellular influence of the extracellular soluble trivalent chromium was lower than that of Cr2O3 nanoparticles. Cr2O3 nanoparticles showed cytotoxicity by hexavalent chromium released at outside and inside of cells. The cellular influences of Cr2O3 nanoparticles matched those of hexavalent chromium. In conclusion, Cr2O3 nanoparticles have a high cytotoxic potential. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2013.
Clinical Outcome and Management of Ureteral Obstruction Secondary to Gastric Cancer
Authors: Migita Kazuhiro , Watanabe Akihiko , Samma Shoji , Ohyama Takao , Ishikawa Hirofumi , Kagebayashi Yoriaki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical outcome of ureteral obstruction secondary to gastric cancer remains unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome and predictive factors of survival in patients with ureteral obstruction secondary to gastric cancer.MethodsTwenty‐five consecutive patients with ureteral obstruction secondary to gastric cancer between January 1998 and December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had hydronephrosis; 13 patients had bilateral hydronephrosis, and 12 patients had unilateral hydronephrosis.ResultsTen patients presented with pain, 3 patients with urinary tract infection, and 2 patients with acute renal failure. Seven (58%) of 12 patients with unilateral ureteral obstruction experienced progression to bilateral ureteral obstruction during the follow‐up period. Eighteen patients (61%) were eventually managed with urinary diversion. In total, 5 patients were managed with percutaneous nephrostomy, and 15 patients with retrograde ureteral stenting. All symptomatic patients responded to urinary diversion. The overall median survival was 5.8 months, and the 6‐month and 1‐year survival rates were 48 and 32%, respectively. Chemotherapy was found to be the only independent predictor of survival (p = 0.0498). Median survival in patients who received chemotherapy was 11.2 months, in comparison to 3.1 months in patients who did not receive chemotherapy (p = 0.0002).ConclusionsThe prognosis of ureteral obstruction secondary to gastric cancer was extremely poor, particularly when chemotherapy was not administered. The indications for palliative urinary diversion should be determined after considering the patient’s symptoms, the expected survival time, the possibility of further chemotherapeutic options, and the current quality of life.
Transthoracic Versus Transhiatal Esophagectomy for Esophageal Carcinoma: Experience from a Single Tertiary Care Institution
Authors: Kawoosa Nadeem UlNazeer , Dar Abdul Majeed , Sharma Mukand Lal , Ahangar Abdul Gani , Lone Ghulam Nabi , Bhat Mohammad Akbar , Singh Shyam 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lot of controversy about the best surgical treatment for esophageal carcinoma.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 382 patients with carcinoma of the mid‐to‐distal esophagus underwent transthoracic or transhiatal esophagectomy. Early morbidity and mortality were compared. Principal endpoints were disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 177 patients underwent transthoracic esophagectomy, and 205 patients underwent transhiatal esophagectomy. Demographic characteristics and characteristics of the tumor were similar in the two groups. Perioperative and postoperative morbidity was higher after transhiatal esophagectomy. In‐hospital mortality was also higher after transhiatal esophagectomy. The median follow‐up was 4.3 years. Estimated 3‐year DFS rates were 44.63 and 31.21%, whereas the 3‐year OS rates were 57.06 and 41.46% for the transthoracic and transhiatal groups, respectively (statistically significant). Also, the estimated 5‐year DFS rates were 26.55 and 21.46%, whereas the 5‐year OS rates were 32.76 and 30.24% for the transthoracic and transhiatal groups, respectively (statistically not significant).ConclusionsTranshiatal esophagectomy was associated with higher perioperative and postoperative morbidity and in‐hospital mortality than transthoracic esophagectomy. The DFS and OS were higher in the transthoracic group and were statistically significant at 3 years but statistically insignificant at 5 years.
Laparoscopic Treatment of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Fichera Alessandro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe surgical and medical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has significantly evolved over the course of the last two decades. On the medical side, the introduction of biologic therapy has significantly changed the characteristics of the patients undergoing surgery for Crohn’s disease (CD), while its impact on the need for surgical intervention and the surgical outcomes of these patients is still debated. On the surgical side, the introduction of and the growing experience with minimally invasive approaches to IBD have had a significant impact on outcomes and quality of life in this patient population. During the past three decades the evidence has been accumulating in favor of a minimally invasive approach to CD. Clearly, this is probably one of the most challenging diseases to treat laparoscopically for the colorectal surgeon, especially when the disease is located in the colon and involves multiple segments.
From glycosylation disorders to dolichol biosynthesis defects: a new class of metabolic diseases
Authors: Cantagrel Vincent , Lefeber Dirk J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPolyisoprenoid alcohols are membrane lipids that are present in every cell, conserved from archaea to higher eukaryotes. The most common form, alpha‐saturated polyprenol or dolichol is present in all tissues and most organelle membranes of eukaryotic cells. Dolichol has a well defined role as a lipid carrier for the glycan precursor in the early stages of N‐linked protein glycosylation, which is assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum of all eukaryotic cells. Other glycosylation processes including C‐ and O‐mannosylation, GPI‐anchor biosynthesis and O‐glucosylation also depend on dolichol biosynthesis via the availability of dolichol‐P‐mannose and dolichol‐P‐glucose in the ER. The ubiquity of dolichol in cellular compartments that are not involved in glycosylation raises the possibility of additional functions independent of these protein post‐translational modifications. The molecular basis of several steps involved in the synthesis and the recycling of dolichol and its derivatives is still unknown, which hampers further research into this direction. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on structural and functional aspects of dolichol metabolites. We will describe the metabolic disorders with a defect in known steps of dolichol biosynthesis and recycling in human and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms. Exploration of the developmental, cellular and biochemical defects associated with these disorders will provide a better understanding of the functions of this lipid class in human.
The impact of mass spectrometry in the diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Sturiale Luisa , Barone Rita , Garozzo Domenico 
Published: March 2011

AbstractContribution of mass spectrometry (MS) in the diagnosis and characterization of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) has long been known. CDG type I diseases are characterized by the under‐occupancy of protein N‐glycosylation sites. Electrospray (ESI) MS and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) MS are effective for underglycosylation analyses of intact serum Transferrin (Tf) in CDG‐I patients by mass determination of individual component glycoforms. Thus, high‐throughput methods developed to speed‐up analytical times found increasing application in clinical testing for CDG detection. ESI MS recognizable glycoform profiles of serum Tf have been reported in CDG‐I different from PMM2‐CDG and in individual CDG‐II defects. MALDI MS analysis of acidic and neutral N‐linked glycans released from total plasma or targeted glycoproteins, is the mainstream tool to explore abnormal oligosaccharide structure and changes in the relative amount of individual oligosaccharides in CDG‐II patients. Here we briefly review state‐of‐the‐art and updates of MS‐based applications for the diagnosis of CDG with special emphasis to detectable glycosylation profiles reported in different CDG types.
A Functional Outcomes Survey of Elderly Patients who Sustained Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Amorosa Louis F. , Vitale Mark A. , Brown Shervondalonn , Kaufmann Robert A. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose This study aims to examine the subjective functional outcomes of patients 70 years or older who sustained distal radius fractures through the use of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and Short Form-8 Health (SF-8) surveys. Methods Patients at least 70 years old with a distal radius fracture between 2000 and 2004 were identified and their charts reviewed. They were contacted to answer the DASH and SF-8 surveys. The radiographic injury parameters examined were articular stepoff greater than 2 mm, dorsal tilt on the lateral radiograph, ulnar variance, and presence of an ulnar styloid fracture. Results Fifty-eight patients answered the DASH and SF-8 surveys. The mean age at the time of injury in the survey group was 78 years old (range 70-94 years). Mean follow-up period was 33 months (range 13-65 months). Average DASH and SF-8 scores were 22.3 (SD 22.4) and 31.5 (SD 6.9), respectively. DASH scores were inversely correlated with SF-8 scores ( R=-0.65, p<0.01). Patients who sustained an associated ulnar styloid fracture demonstrated worse DASH scores than those without an ulnar styloid fracture (presence of ulnar styloid fracture: mean DASH 26.2, no ulnar styloid fracture: mean DASH 12.9, p=0.04). There were no significant differences in functional outcome for any other radiographic parameters assessed. Males had statistically better DASH scores than the females (males: mean DASH 6.9, females: mean DASH 24.4, p= 0.003). No difference was found in functional outcome scores among different treatment groups. Conclusion In elderly patients with distal radius fractures, the only radiographic parameter we found that affects functional outcome is an associated ulnar styloid fracture. Additionally, females had worse functional outcomes than males.
Spatial and temporal patterns of oxidative stress in the brain of gerbils submitted to different duration of global cerebral ischemia
Authors: Selakovic Vesna , Korenic Andrej , Radenovic Lidija 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to examine spatial and temporal patterns of oxidative stress rate in the brain of Mongolian gerbils submitted to different duration of global ischemia/reperfusion. The common carotid arteries of gerbils were occluded for 5, 10, or 15 min. We followed the temporal ischemia‐induced oxidative stress rate, the most important factor that exacerbates brain damage by reperfusion, starting from 24 h up to 28 days after reperfusion. The spatial ischemia‐induced oxidative stress distribution was measured parallely in different brain regions: forebrain cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum. Post‐ischemic effects were followed in vivo by monitoring the neurological status of whole animals and at the intracellular level by standard biochemical assays in different brain regions. We measured superoxide production, superoxide dismutase activity, nitric oxide production, index of lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione. Our results revealed a pattern of dynamic changes in each oxidative stress parameter that corresponded with ischemia duration in all tested brain structures. The highest levels were obtained in the first 24 h after the insult. After that, they slowly returned to nearly control values 28 days after reperfusion (with the exception of SOD activity that returned to control values at fourth day after reperfusion). The most sensitive oxidative stress parameter was index of lipid peroxidation. Our study confirmed spatial distribution of ischemia‐induced oxidative stress. Tested brain structures showed different sensitivity to each oxidative stress parameter, although their basal levels were similar. These new findings could be valuable for creation and strategy of post‐ischemic therapy.
Synaptic changes in the brain of subjects with schizophrenia
Authors: Faludi Gábor , Mirnics Károly 
Published: March 2011

AbstractClinical, epidemiological, neuroimaging and postmortem data all suggest schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, and that synaptic disturbances might play a critical role in developing the disease. In 1982, Feinberg proposed that the schizophrenia might arise as a result of abnormal synaptic pruning. His hypothesis has survived 40 years of accumulated data, and we review the critical findings related to synaptic dysfunction of schizophrenia. While it is clear that synaptic disturbances are integral and important for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, it has also become obvious that synaptic disturbances cannot be studied and understood as an independent disease hallmark, but only as a part of a complex network of homeostatic events. Development, glial–neural interaction, changes in energy homeostasis, diverse genetic predisposition, neuroimmune processes and environmental influences all can tip the delicate homeostatic balance of the synaptic morphology and connectivity in a uniquely individual fashion, thus contributing to the emergence of the various symptoms of this devastating disorder. Finally, we argue that based on a predominant change in gene expression pattern we can broadly sub‐stratify schizophrenia into “synaptic” “oligodendroglial”, “metabolic” and “inflammatory” subclasses.
Vegetation history along the eastern, desert escarpment of the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Holmgren Camille A. , Betancourt Julio L. , Rylander Kate A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPlant macrofossils from 38 packrat middens spanning the last ~ 33,000 cal yr BP record vegetation between ~ 650 and 900 m elevation along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, northern Baja California. The middens span most of the Holocene, with a gap between ~ 4600 and 1800 cal yr BP, but coverage in the Pleistocene is uneven with a larger hiatus between 23,100 and 14,400 cal yr BP. The midden flora is relatively stable from the Pleistocene to Holocene. Exceptions includePinus californiarum,Juniperus californicaand other chaparral elements that were most abundant > 23,100 cal yr BP and declined after 14,400 cal yr BP. Despite being near the chaparral/woodland-desertscrub ecotone during glacial times, the midden assemblages reflect none of the climatic reversals evident in the glacial or marine record, and this is corroborated by a nearby semi-continuous pollen stratigraphy from lake sediments. Regular appearance of C4grasses and summer-flowering annuals since 13,600 cal yr BP indicates occurrence of summer rainfall equivalent to modern (JAS average of ~ 80–90 mm). This casts doubt on the claim, based on temperature proxies from marine sediments in the Guaymas Basin, that monsoonal development in the northern Gulf and Arizona was delayed until after 6200 cal yr BP.
Mississippi Valley regional source of loess on the southern Green Bay Lobe land surface, Wisconsin
Authors: Jacobs Peter M. , Mason Joseph A. , Hanson Paul R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLoess has been recognized on the glacial land surface of the Green Bay Lobe for over 100 yr, but no systematic explanation of the source of the loess has been advanced. Intriguingly, the loess on the Green Bay Lobe land surface is thicker than predicted by regional thinning trends from the Mississippi Valley and is geographically separated from much loess of southwest Wisconsin by a sandy region devoid of loess. Mapping based on soil survey interpretation indicates that the loess occurs above an escarpment marking the eastern end of the sandy loess-free region. Particle size fining trends demonstrate that the loess was transported by northwesterly winds. Clay mineralogy of the Green Bay Lobe loess is distinctly different than glaciogenic sediments and matches loess of the Mississippi Valley, indicating a regional source and long distance transport of the loess. We propose the loess was transported from the regional source along a surface of transport produced by migration of eolian sand through low-relief landscapes including the glacial Lake Wisconsin basin. Eolian sand migration caused repeated entrainment of dust leading to east-southeastward transport. The loess accumulated above an escarpment that limited sand mobility and re-entrainment of loess beyond this topographic barrier.