bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal and Antigen-Induced Exposure of the Proline-Rich Sequence in CD3ε
Authors: de la Cruz Javier , Kruger Travis , Parks Christopher A. , Silge Robert L. , van Oers Nicolai S. C. , Luescher Immanuel F. , Schrum Adam G. , Gil Diana 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The CD3ε cytoplasmic tail contains a conserved proline-rich sequence (PRS) that influences TCR–CD3 expression and signaling. Although the PRS can bind the SH3.1 domain of the cytosolic adapter Nck, whether the PRS is constitutively available for Nck binding or instead represents a cryptic motif that is exposed via conformational change upon TCR–CD3 engagement (CD3Δc) is currently unresolved. Furthermore, the extent to which a cis-acting CD3ε basic amino acid-rich stretch (BRS), with its unique phosphoinositide-binding capability, might impact PRS accessibility is not clear. In this study, we found that freshly harvested primary thymocytes expressed low to moderate basal levels of Nck-accessible PRS (“open-CD3”), although most TCR–CD3 complexes were inaccessible to Nck (“closed-CD3”). Ag presentation in vivo induced open-CD3, accounting for half of the basal level found in thymocytes from MHC+ mice. Additional stimulation with either anti-CD3 Abs or peptide–MHC ligands further elevated open-CD3 above basal levels, consistent with a model wherein antigenic engagement induces maximum PRS exposure. We also found that the open-CD3 conformation induced by APCs outlasted the time of ligand occupancy, marking receptors that had been engaged. Finally, CD3ε BRS–phosphoinositide interactions played no role in either adoption of the initial closed-CD3 conformation or induction of open-CD3 by Ab stimulation. Thus, a basal level of open-CD3 is succeeded by a higher, induced level upon TCR–CD3 engagement, involving CD3Δc and prolonged accessibility of the CD3ε PRS to Nck.
Commentary on "Experimental determination of distance and orientation of metallic nanodimers by polarization dependent plasmon coupling"
Authors: Roy Sukhdev 
Published: January 2011

A Commentary on the paper by H. E. Grecco and O. E. Martinez [Pap. Phys. 2, 020010 (2010)].Received: 13 July 2010, Accepted: 10 January 2011; Edited by: V. Lakshminarayanan; DOI: 10.4279/PIP.020011
Quality Control Procedures for Genome‐Wide Association Studies
Authors: Turner Stephen , Armstrong Loren L. , Bradford Yuki , Carlson Christopher S. , Crawford Dana C. , Crenshaw Andrew T. , de Andrade Mariza , Doheny Kimberly F. , Haines Jonathan L. , Hayes Geoffrey , Jarvik Gail , Jiang Lan , Kullo Iftikhar J. , Li Rongling , Ling Hua , Manolio Teri A. , Matsumoto Martha , McCarty Catherine A. , McDavid Andrew N. , Mirel Daniel B. , Paschall Justin E. , Pugh Elizabeth W. , Rasmussen Luke V. , Wilke Russell A. , Zuvich Rebecca L. , Ritchie Marylyn D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) are being conducted at an unprecedented rate in population‐based cohorts and have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of complex disease. Regardless of context, the practical utility of this information will ultimately depend upon the quality of the original data. Quality control (QC) procedures for GWAS are computationally intensive, operationally challenging, and constantly evolving. Here we enumerate some of the challenges in QC of GWAS data and describe the approaches that the electronic MEdical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) network is using for quality assurance in GWAS data, thereby minimizing potential bias and error in GWAS results. We discuss common issues associated with QC of GWAS data, including data file formats, software packages for data manipulation and analysis, sex chromosome anomalies, sample identity, sample relatedness, population substructure, batch effects, and marker quality. We propose best practices and discuss areas of ongoing and future research. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 68:1.19.1‐1.19.18 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessment of Exposure to Respirable Dusts
Authors: Ratney Ronald S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractParticulates of many substances which can cause pulmonary fibrosis and other ill effects when they are deposited in the alveoli are identified as the respirable fraction of inhaled airborne particulate. This work reviews the research which led to the determination of the particle sizes of respirable particulate and of the standard definitions of those sizes which were used to guide the development of size‐specific air sampling instruments. The historical development of such instruments from the period before the First World War when samplers used the human lung as air‐movers through the late 20th century which saw the introduction of real‐time instruments which continuously measured full‐shift airborne respirable dust concentrations in the breathing zones of workers. The dimensional definitions of respirable fibrous particulates such as asbestos are discussed as well as the instrumentation and measurement procedures. Proposals are made for personal dust measurements using the remote sensing of airborne dust concentrations coupled with wireless devices to locate workers within a dust cloud.
Engineered Nanomaterials
Authors: Peters Thomas M. , Grassian Vicki H. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology offer new opportunities for making novel engineered nanomaterials that have a wide‐range of applications and influence our everyday lives in positive ways. It has been reported that workers are increasingly come in contact with engineered nanomaterials and each step in the life cycle of a nanomaterial represents a potential exposure hazard either for workers or consumers. Toxicity data are available for engineered nanomaterials are also growing every day. The environmental health and safety (EHS) professionals are responsible for protecting workers that encounter nanomaterials in occupational settings. Numerous resources have been presented, which aim to centralize health, safety, and toxicity pertinent on nanomaterials. The present study focuses a general overview to help the EHS professional as well as occupational health researchers new to nanotechnology address the many challenges posed by the presence of engineered nanomaterials in the workplace.
Sampling and Analysis of Gases and Vapors
Authors: Harper Martin 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Only a few exposure limits for chemicals are framed in terms of a maximum allowable concentration for any given instant, because most chemical illnesses are a response to a cumulative dose rather than a response to peak exposures. Today, variations in this work pattern are commonly encountered, and various alternative models have been put forward to account for extended exposures and shorter periods without exposure. Many sampling methods available to the industrial hygienist have become standardized and majority of samples are analyzed by chemical methods. Methods with a high degree of accuracy are found to get preference because of the legal significance of occupational health standards. The work environment often houses many chemicals, which may be in use simultaneously, e.g. in solvent mixtures, or sequentially. In many case these chemicals may have additive effects, especially where they affect the same target organ. Limit values with similar basis of time intervals are easily combined for different chemicals in an additive formula. The present study mainly addresses the sampling and analysis of gases and vapors.
Real‐Time Assessment of Air Contaminants Using Video Exposure Monitoring Methods and Techniques
Authors: McGlothlin James D. , Xu Fan , Cole Sandra S. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Occupational exposure assessment is one branch of exposure assessment and addresses the exposure problems that occur in the workplace. Through exposure assessment, we generally describe and identify the nature and size of the various populations exposed to hazards, the magnitude and duration of the exposures, and the causal factors of exposure. The present study explores the strategy for occupational video exposure monitoring includes video data in the assessment process and aims to establish an association between exposure levels and workplace events and to identify the causal factors. The case studies represent the progression in the development of real‐time monitoring of exposure to different types of hazardous materials. Further the current application and development of each part of the assessment system and new ideas for improvement of the VEM system are suggested.
Mathematical Modeling of Indoor Air Contaminant Concentrations
Authors: Nicas Mark 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSeveral physical‐chemical mathematical models have been popularized as an exposure estimation method for occupational indoor air contaminants. Although direct air sampling is preferred traditionally, there are situations in which monitoring is not feasible. In such cases, mathematical modeling has been developed to estimate exposure intensity. Because modeling is theoretical and based on explicit assumptions, many occupational hygienists believe that modeling exposure estimates are too uncertain. The present study finds that the air sampling needs a statistical approach that eliminates investigator bias.The three elements of a physical‐chemical model have also been addressed.
Human Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Laszcz‐Davis Chris , Boelter Fred W. , Hearl Frank , Jayjock Michael , Logan Perry , McLaughlin Cristina Ford , O'Reilly Mary , Radcliffe R. Thomas , Esquire  , Stenzel Mark 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe practice of assessing chemical exposure risks is now essential because this supports regulatory decisions in human history. The present study focuses the history and evolution of human health risk assessment, tracing the development of tools and models that made it possible, as well as the factors in society that made it indispensable. Various aspects of the risk management have been addressed, such as reaction to risk, consequence levels, hazard and exposure analysis, measurement for effectiveness, etc.
Engineering Control of Airborne Contaminants: History, Philosophy, and Primary Approaches
Authors: Burgess William A. , Burton D. Jeff 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
There are many approaches available for the control of air contaminant emissions and worker exposures. The engineering control of airborne contaminant is one of them.
Many of the control principles are also applicable to biological and physical hazards.
One model of the three critical zones of (I) contaminant generation, (II) release, emission and dispersion, and (III) employee exposure has been discussed. Various engineering control approaches have been discussed to eliminate air contaminant generation and emissions. Besides this, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provides standards and guidelines and also considers engineering controls as any modification of plant, equipment, processes or materials to reduce employees' exposure to toxic materials and harmful physical agents.
Industrial Ventilation
Authors: Soule Robert D. , Burton D. Jeff 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The industrial ventilation is the most widely used engineering control method, which follows various ventilation regulations and standards. At its most fundamental level, industrial ventilation provides control of an environment by strategic use of airflow. The industrial ventilation also has the objectives of preventing fires and explosions, and most important to the industrial hygienist, preserving employee health, safety, comfort and productivity. The present study focuses about the designs components and the proper usage of the local exhaust ventilation (LEV).
Chemical Protective Clothing
Authors: Forsberg Krister 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The hazardous chemicals contact to skin and enter in internal organs through blood. These chemicals cause damage to internal organs and also responsible for skin irritation, burns or sensitization. The main function of chemical protective clothing is the prevention of chemicals potentially hazardous to skin and lowering the risk of injury or illness. The present study focuses the importance of determining the risks and the resistance of protective clothing material for each chemical of interest. Besides this, important considerations for the selection, standards, and usage of chemical protective clothing have also been addressed.
Cold Stress
Authors: Holmér Ingvar 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDue to the steep temperature gradient between the warm human body and a cold environment, a potential for high heat losses prevail that may endanger heat balance and represent a threat to human health, function and performance. Our physiological adaptive power is quite small in the cold. Modern man relies on technique, organization and protection to mitigate the effects of cold and create conditions for work that can be coped with, at least for some time. This chapter describes the physics of heat exchange between man and the cold environment. In particular, clothing is dealt with in some detail as it is one of the most powerful and simple means of controlling body heat exchange and preserve an optimal heat balance. When heat cannot be preserved the body cools, starting with fingers, hands, toes and feet. With more profound cooling arms and legs get cold and function less well. Work ability is compromized. Eventually, longer exposures develops into a deep tissue temperture and hypothermia. International standards (e.g ISO 11079) are available for assessment of the risk for various types of tissue cooling. The chapter ends with a suggestion for a simplified risk assessment procedure and tables with numerous examples of preventive measures for alleviation cold stress.
Occupational Ergonomics: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Kotowski Susan , Davis Kermit , Bhattacharya Amit 
Published: January 2011

AbstractErgonomics is the science of properly balancing job demands with worker capabilities to prevent a mismatch in demands and capabilities which will lead to cumulative trauma of the body. Using the traditional industrial hygiene methodology of “anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control” discussions will cover each area of the methodology as it applies to the field of occupational ergonomics. Reflections of occupational ergonomics in the past, the current state of the field, and considerations for the future of the field will also be presented.
Airborne Infectious Diseases
Authors: Palmore Tara N. , Sepkowitz Kent A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAirborne transmission of infections pathogens can occur in a wide range of occupational settings. Tuberculosis is a particular concern for personnel in health care and allied fields. The risk from exposure to infectious aerosols or droplet nuclei depends in part on characteristics of the source, the pathogen, and the aerosol droplets, as well as host susceptibility. The movement of infectious droplets is determined by their size and the flow of air. Many pathogens that are not classically airborne can be aerosolized and transmitted via the airborne route under certain circumstances. Special consideration should be given to workers with immune impairment, who may be at higher risk of infection.
Management Of International
EH
&
S
Programs
Authors: Mansdorf S. Zack 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the effective management and implementation of EH&S. The global nature of the World economy is well established. The World's major corporations and organizations have global operations and working for one of these multinational companies requires a management approach to some unique challenges. Cultural, societal and language differences can present a range of challenges. The U.S. is highly regulated in EH&S with sometimes draconian enforcement measures, unlike most of the other countries of the World. Good governance in EH&S is viewed by most NGOs as requiring a management systems approach with ISO 14000 and BSI 18000 accreditation as the minimum. Effective management of EH&S in the less developed world requires consideration of technical support issues and identification, collection and publishing key performance indicators (KPI). Most international companies develop internal standards, safety and industrial hygiene indicators and environmental indicators to carry out this approach most effectively.
Emergency and Disaster: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Authors: Laszcz‐Davis Chris , Akers Diane , J. Nardi, Esquire Karen , Buckalew Margaret D. , Gibbs Lawrence M. , Jabara Jim , Lebourgeois Fabrice , McHaney Ron R. , Pereira Steven P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEmergency preparedness, response and recovery is an ongoing process of planning and responding effectively to the occurrence of an event (planned or unplanned), as well as addressing the issue of recovery and restoration of operations and lives following an event. Industrial Hygienists' technical expertise as part of a team on occupational and environmental health and safety issues, is applicable to a variety of natural disasters, hazardous chemical, biological or radiological releases, and terrorism events. The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) is the premier association of occupational and environmental health and safety professionals and plays a crucial role on the front line of worker health and safety every day. In emergency planning/disaster preparedness, specific local, state, and federal roles and activities are defined, with laws outlining each governmental level's responsibilities. The “all hazards” Integrated Contingency Plan (ICP) provides a mechanism to consolidate existing concepts into a single functional plan structure.
The Industrial Hygienist in Litigation
Authors: L. Hobson, Herschel , Martin Kirk 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The article summarizes about some facts regarding the industrial hygienist in litigation. The industrial hygienists some time finds themselves dealing with attorneys and explain all relevant information as a defendant in connection with their work. Health professionals mostly view themselves as fair seekers of truth through scientific methodologies and the ABIH professional Code of Ethics states that safety and health professionals are ethically bound to protect people. Industrial hygienists are made a party to lawsuits from time to time. The study emphasizes for opinion testimony to be admissible, it must be scientific or technical in nature and the underlying science and methodology must be sufficiently sound for the jury to rely on the conclusion or opinion stated. The study focuses various roles of industrial hygienists during any litigation and dealing with the attorneys, and limitation imposed by courts.
Multi‐model unfalsified adaptive switching control: Test functionals for stability and performance
Authors: Baldi S. , Battistelli G. , Mosca E. , Tesi P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe paper studies how to infer behavioral features of a potential loop, consisting of an uncertain plant interconnected in feedback with a candidate controller, on the grounds of experimental data taken from the same plant possibly driven by a different controller. In such a context, convenient tools to work with are test functionals, computed via a virtual experiment, which quantify the discrepancy between the potential loop and the so‐called ‘tuned‐loop’ or ‘reference‐loop’ related to the same candidate controller. Several test functionals are considered and analyzed so as to unveil conditions under which their adoption can accomplish the desired goals. These results are shown to be of practical relevance for on‐line performance inference of feedback control systems and implementation of highly performing adaptive switching control systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Folding of 2D Au–Polymer Brush Composites into 3D Microstructures
Authors: Kelby Tim S. , Wang Ming , Huck Wilhelm T.S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMicroscale, quasi‐2D Au–polymer brush composite objects are fabricated by a versatile, controllable process based on microcontact printing followed by brush growth and etching of the substrate. These objects fold into 3D microstructures in response to a stimulus: crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) brushes fold on immersion in MeOH, and poly(methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC) brushes fold on addition of salt. Microcages and microcontainers are fabricated. A multistep microcontact printing process is also used to create sheets of Au–PGMA bilayer lines linked by a PGMA film, which fold into cylindrical tubes. The bending of these objects can be predicted, and hence predefined during the synthesis process by controlling the parameters of the gold layer, and of the polymer brush.
Pure and complete 12p trisomy due to a maternal centric fission of chromosome 12
Authors: Cetin Zafer , Mihci Ercan , Yakut Sezin , Keser Ibrahim , Karauzum Sibel Berker , Luleci Guven 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPure and complete 12p trisomy are rare. Here, we report on a unique patient with trisomy 12p syndrome due to centric fission of maternal chromosome 12. Conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques revealed the proposita's karyotype to be 47,XX,+fis(12)(p10)mat whereas the maternal one was 47,XX,‐12,+fis(12)(p10),+fis(12) (q10). This is the first report on centric fission of chromosome 12 leading to stable telocentrics, each with a fully functional centromere. Our observation shows that the centric fission of chromosome 12 can be a new mechanism for generation of a partial centromere and trisomy 12p syndrome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of a genetic variant of the neuronal growth associated protein Stathmin 1 on cognitive and affective control processes: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Ehlis Ann‐Christine , Bauernschmitt Katharina , Dresler Thomas , Hahn Tim , Herrmann Martin J. , Röser Christoph , Romanos Marcel , Warnke Andreas , Gerlach Manfred , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Renner Tobias J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStathmin 1 (STMN1) is a neuronal growth associated protein (NGAP) that is involved in microtubule dynamics and plays an important role in neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. It is highly expressed in the amygdala, but also in different areas of the neocortex including the frontal lobe. Based on previous findings regarding an impact ofSTMN1on fear processing, the present study aimed at extending the evidence concerning its functional role to include the domain of executive (frontal lobe) functions. To this end, a group of 59 healthy volunteers stratified for the single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs182455 of the STMN1 gene was examined by means of three experimental paradigms probing different aspects of cognitive–affective functioning. Event‐related potential measures of cognitive response control, emotional interference processing, and action monitoring were analyzed.STMN1genotype significantly affected the NoGo‐anteriorization (NGA)—a neurophysiological marker of cognitive response control associated with medial prefrontal cortex activation—as well as the modulation of the P300 by the valence of emotional Stroop stimuli. In both cases, carriers of the rs182455 C‐allele showed altered cognitive–affective processing; effects appeared to be more pronounced in females. Our findings indicate a functional impact ofSTMN1on cognitive and affective control processes, thereby complementing previous evidence on its role in fear processing. Based on these results, an influence ofSTMN1should be considered in studies aiming at the etiopathogenesis of a broad range of neuropsychiatric disorders with dysfunctional networking, including neurodegenerative disorders as well as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, and ADHD. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.