bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunophenotyping with (phospho)protein profiling and fluorescent cell barcoding for single-cell signaling analysis and biomarker discovery
Authors: Hermansen Johanne U. , Yin Yanping , Rein Idun Dale , Skånland Sigrid S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe microenvironment of hematologic cancers contributes to tumor cell survival and proliferation, as well as treatment resistance. Understanding tumor- and drug-induced changes to the immune cell composition and functionality is therefore critical for implementing optimal treatment strategies and for the development of novel cancer therapies. The liquid nature of peripheral blood makes this organ uniquely suited for single-cell studies by flow cytometry. (Phospho)protein profiles detected by flow cytometry analyses have been shown to correlate with ex vivo drug sensitivity and to predict treatment outcomes in hematologic cancers, demonstrating that this method is suitable for pre-clinical studies. Here, we present a flow cytometry protocol that combines multi-parameter immunophenotyping with single-cell (phospho)protein profiling. The protocol makes use of fluorescent cell barcoding, which means that multiple cell samples, either collected from different donors or exposed to different treatment conditions, can be combined and analyzed as one experiment. This reduces variability between samples, increases the throughput of the experiment, and lowers experimental costs. This protocol may serve as a guide for the use and further development of assays to study immunophenotype and cell signaling at single-cell resolution in normal and malignant cells. The read-outs may provide biological insight into cancer pathogenesis, identify novel drug targets, and ultimately serve as a biomarker to guide clinical decision-making.
Detecting the effect of genetic diversity on brain composition in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Gurdon Brianna , Yates Sharon C. , Csucs Gergely , Groeneboom Nicolaas E. , Hadad Niran , Telpoukhovskaia Maria , Ouellette Andrew , Ouellette Tionna , O’Connell Kristen M. S. , Singh Surjeet , Murdy Thomas J. , Merchant Erin , Bjerke Ingvild , Kleven Heidi , Schlegel Ulrike , Leergaard Trygve B. , Puchades Maja A. , Bjaalie Jan G. , Kaczorowski Catherine C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is broadly characterized by neurodegeneration, pathology accumulation, and cognitive decline. There is considerable variation in the progression of clinical symptoms and pathology in humans, highlighting the importance of genetic diversity in the study of AD. To address this, we analyze cell composition and amyloid-beta deposition of 6- and 14-month-old AD-BXD mouse brains. We utilize the analytical QUINT workflow- a suite of software designed to support atlas-based quantification, which we expand to deliver a highly effective method for registering and quantifying cell and pathology changes in diverse disease models. In applying the expanded QUINT workflow, we quantify near-global age-related increases in microglia, astrocytes, and amyloid-beta, and we identify strain-specific regional variation in neuron load. To understand how individual differences in cell composition affect the interpretation of bulk gene expression in AD, we combine hippocampal immunohistochemistry analyses with bulk RNA-sequencing data. This approach allows us to categorize genes whose expression changes in response to AD in a cell and/or pathology load-dependent manner. Ultimately, our study demonstrates the use of the QUINT workflow to standardize the quantification of immunohistochemistry data in diverse mice, - providing valuable insights into regional variation in cellular load and amyloid deposition in the AD-BXD model.
MDM2 amplification in rod-shaped chromosomes provides clues to early stages of circularized gene amplification in liposarcoma
Authors: Sydow Saskia , Piccinelli Paul , Mitra Shamik , Tsagkozis Panagiotis , Hesla Asle , B. R. De Mattos Camila , Köster Jan , Magnusson Linda , Nilsson Jenny , Ameur Adam , Wardenaar René , Foijer Floris , Spierings Diana , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWell-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) displays amplification of genes on chromosome 12 (Chr12) in supernumerary ring or giant marker chromosomes. These structures have been suggested to develop through chromothripsis, followed by circularization and breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles. To test this hypothesis, we compared WDLSs with Chr12 amplification in rod-shaped chromosomes with WDLSs with rings. Both types of amplicons share the same spectrum of structural variants (SVs), show higher SV frequencies in Chr12 than in co-amplified segments, have SVs that fuse the telomeric ends of co-amplified chromosomes, and lack interspersed deletions. Combined with the finding of cells with transient rod-shaped structures in tumors with ring chromosomes, this suggests a stepwise process starting with the gain of Chr12 material that, after remodeling which does not fit with classical chromothripsis, forms a dicentric structure with other chromosomes. Depending on if and when telomeres from other chromosomes are captured, circularized or linear gain of 12q sequences will predominate.
Massive crustal carbon mobilization and emission driven by India underthrusting Asia
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Maoliang , Liu Yi , Cui Lifeng , Sano Yuji , Zhou Xiaocheng , Li Ying , Zhang Lihong , Lang Yun-Chao , Liu Cong-Qiang , Xu Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe active Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, where India underthrusts into Asia, is an important geological source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission into Earth’s atmosphere. However, the extent to which Indian underthrusting could stimulate the mobilization of deeply-sourced carbon and its subsequent emission remains unknown. Here, we use a combination of field observations coupled with in-situ CO2 flux measurements and helium and carbon isotopic data, to study the controls on CO2 origins and fluxes in a 400-kilometre-long rift transecting northern Himalaya and southern Tibet. High diffuse CO2 fluxes sustained by pure crustal fluids are confined to rift segments in the northern Himalaya, while toward southern Tibet, CO2 fluxes become lower but mantle fluid inputs are identified. Such rift-related CO2 degassing profile suggests metamorphic decarbonation and release of carbon-bearing fluids enhanced by the underthrusting Indian lower crust, agreeing well with Himalayan metamorphism and orogen-parallel lithospheric extension. Deep CO2 fluxes from extensional tectonics in northern Himalaya and southern Tibet, primarily of crustal origins, are comparable to mantle CO2 fluxes from global mid-ocean ridges. Our findings demonstrate that geophysical and geo-tectonic responses to continental underthrusting could facilitate massive crustal carbon mobilization and emission, making active collisional orogens globally important carbon sources.
Consumer Perspectives on Improving Hearing Aids: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Desai Nabeelah , Beukes Eldré W. , Manchaiah Vinaya , Mahomed-Asmail Faheema , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
Hearing aids play a pivotal role in mitigating the impact of hearing loss, yet their adoption and consistent usage remains suboptimal. Understanding the hearing aid needs of individuals with hearing loss is important to support uptake, use, and outcomes. The current study describes users' perspectives on how hearing aids can be improved.

Method:
A cross-sectional, qualitative, content analysis design was used for an open-ended question from an online survey, exploring user perspectives on hearing aid improvements. Participants were adult hearing aid users in the United States, surveyed from the HearingTracker and Lexie Hearing user database.

Results:

A total of 628 participants (
M
age
= 66 years) were surveyed. The majority of participants used bilateral, behind-the-ear hearing aids that were obtained either through a hearing health care professional or online. Three domains, highlighting areas for hearing aid improvement, were identified. (a) The hearing aid features domain described user issues surrounding physical appearance and fit, general features, streaming, battery functionality, adjustments, smartphone applications, and hearing aid–related accessories. There was dissatisfaction with aesthetics and functionality, with a notable desire for improvements in physical appearance and fit (
n
= 161), and features to improve self-efficacy. (b) The sound quality domain described user issues surrounding sound perception and difficult situations. Participants highlighted unmet needs for clarity, especially in noisy environments (
n
= 143). (c) The service-delivery domain described user issues surrounding audiology services and general satisfaction, with criticisms centered on the high cost of hearing aids (
n
= 193) and the credibility of hearing health care professionals.

Conclusions:
Hearing aid users appreciated current technological advances but expressed a need for improvements, to better align devices with their requirements. Key areas included physical aesthetics, user control over device adjustments, sound clarity, cost accessibility, and trust between the user and hearing health care professional. Future designs should focus on features enhancing user autonomy and self-efficacy.
Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Maas Edwin 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The purposes of this review article were to provide an introduction to and “bird's-eye” overview of the current evidence base for treatment of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), identify some gaps and trends in this rapidly growing literature, and formulate some future research directions, in order to advance the evidence base and clinical practice for children with CAS.

Method:
Following a brief introduction outlining important concepts, a narrative review of the CAS treatment literature is provided, and trends and future directions are identified based on this review. The review is organized around four fundamental treatment research questions: (a) “Does Treatment X work?”, (b) “Does Treatment X work better than Treatment Y?”, (c) “For whom does Treatment X work?”, and (d) “What does ‘work’ mean, anyway?”

Results:
A wide range of CAS treatments with varying degrees of evidence for efficacy exists. Research is beginning to emerge that compares different treatments and seeks to determine optimal treatment parameters. Few studies to date have explored child-level predictors of treatment response, and the evidence base currently is limited in scope with respect to populations and outcomes studied.

Conclusions:
A growing evidence base supports the efficacy of a number of treatments for CAS. However, many important gaps in the literature were identified that warrant redoubled and sustained research attention. Research is beginning to emerge that addresses treatment optimization, comparison, candidacy, and outcomes. Suggestions for future research are offered, and the concept of a hypothesized pathway was applied to CAS to illustrate how components of an intervention can effect change in a clinical goal and can help guide development and refinement of treatments for children with CAS.
Waveform design of radar coincidence imaging radiation field based on image entropy
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Gong , Chen Ningwei , Xiong Qing , Xie Jun , He Yansen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRadar coincidence imaging (RCI) is a high‐resolution radar imaging mode which constructs a temporal spatial stochastic radiation field (TSSRF) and uses the correlation between reference signal and echoes for imaging. The correlation between the reference matrix and the echoes is the main factor affecting the imaging performance. In fact, radar target characteristics cause fluctuations in the radar cross section and variations in the scattering intensity of each resolution element. The latter degrades the correlation between the reference matrix and the echoes, seriously affecting the image reconstruction. This paper designs the waveform based on image entropy under fixed transmitting and receiving arrays. The targets with fluctuating scattering intensity at each resolution element are statistically modelled. Simulation results show this approach can improve the imaging performance and reduce the energy dissipation degree of the target grid.
Factors Associated with Refractory Severe Hypertension in Patients with Preeclampsia
Authors: Flicker Kari , Long Danielle , Vishnia Maya , Wright Madeleine , Francis Matilda , King Kenyone S. , Gilgannon Lauren , Gupta Neha , Rastegar Aref , Siva Rohini Kousalya , Nehme Lea , Saade George , Sibai Baha M. , Kawakita Tetsuya 
Published: May 2024

Objective This study aimed to identify factors associated with refractory severe hypertension that does not resolve after an initial dose of antihypertensive medication in patients with preeclampsia.
Study Design This was a retrospective study of all pregnant and postpartum individuals with a diagnosis of preeclampsia, superimposed preeclampsia, HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet) syndrome, or eclampsia who delivered at 22 weeks or greater at a single academic institution from 2010 to 2020. Inclusion criteria were patients with preeclampsia who developed severe hypertension (systolic pressure ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic pressure ≥110 mm Hg) and received antihypertensive medications for acute severe hypertension. We defined refractory severe hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of ≥160 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure of ≥110 mm Hg that did not improve after receiving the initial treatment. To evaluate for factors associated with refractory severe hypertension, we developed multivariable modified Poisson regression using all variables with p-value <0.1 on bivariable analysis and calculated adjusted relative risks (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Results Of 850, 386 (45.4%) had refractory severe hypertension and 464 (54.6%) responded to the initial antihypertensive medications. Factors associated with refractory severe hypertension included higher body mass index (BMI), chronic hypertension, and higher systolic pressure. Every 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a 7% increased risk of refractory severe hypertension (aRR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02–1.12). Every 10 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure was associated with a 10% increased risk of refractory severe hypertension (aRR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04–1.17). Chronic hypertension was associated with a 25% increased risk of refractory severe hypertension (aRR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.01–1.56) in the diastolic pressure model.
Conclusion Refractory severe hypertension was associated with elevated BMI, chronic hypertension, and higher systolic blood pressure.
Key Points
Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Bone Lesions of the Knee
Authors: Expósito Diana , Martel José , Alvarez de Sierra Beatriz , Bueno Angel , Vilanova Cristina , Vilanova Joan C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNumerous anatomical variants are described around the knee, many of which look like bony lesions, so it is important to know them to avoid unnecessary complementary tests and inadequate management. Likewise, several alterations in relation to normal development can also simulate bone lesions.However, numerous pathologic processes frequently affect the knee, including traumatic, inflammatory, infectious, and tumor pathology. Many of these entities show typical radiologic features that facilitate their diagnosis. In other cases, a correct differential diagnosis is necessary for proper clinical management.Despite the availability of increasingly advanced imaging techniques, plain radiography is still the technique of choice in the initial study of many of these pathologies. This article reviews the radiologic characteristics of tumor and nontumor lesions that may appear around the knee to make a correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessary complementary radiologic examinations and inadequate clinical management.
Beyond the board: a thematic analysis of political actions from 4chan’s /pol/ board
Authors: Bovan Kosta , Mikašinović-Komšo Matej 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article aims to understand the organisational practices of digital political actions on 4chan’s /pol/ (Politically Incorrect) board, as well as the underlying worldview within which those actions were nested. By using a qualitative thematic analysis of 21 threads, several themes were identified regarding preferred goals, methods, content, dissemination strategies, and worldview of intentional, orchestrated political actions with supposed real-world effects. Results show that the observed political actions were bottom-up, non-hierarchical, and collective actions, through which collective identity was established despite the almost complete anonymity of the /pol/ board. Additionally, the political actions were marked by the negative perception of Western liberal democracy, extremely negative attitudes toward the Left, minorities, and progressive liberals, antisemitism, and racism - values closely related to the far-right. Although the goals of /pol/ political actions differ, the dominant broader goal is to “redpill the normies” - indoctrinate the general population into denouncing liberal democratic ideology and accepting the far-right worldview.
Self-aligned formation of superconducting sub-5 nm PtSi films
Authors: Yao Yao , Fernandes Daniel F. , Košutová Tereza , Kubart Tomas , Zhang Zhen , Lefloch François , Gustavo Frédéric , Leblanc Axel , Lábár János L. , Pécz Béla , Zhang Shi-Li 
Published: May 2024

Platinum silicide (PtSi) presents a promising superconductor for achieving silicon-based Josephson field-effect transistors (JoFETs). In a viable process flow to realize self-aligned PtSi formation, thermal oxidation at 600 °C is required to form a protective oxide layer on the surface of the as-formed PtSi selectively against Pt to facilitate subsequent selective etch in aqua regia. However, sub-10 nm PtSi films tend to agglomerate and even break into discrete PtSi islands upon thermal treatments above 500 °C. To achieve nanoscale JoFETs, we have developed a simple alternative with chemical oxidation at room temperature leading to the formation of homogeneous sub-5 nm PtSi films. The critical temperature of the resultant superconducting PtSi films is found to increase from 0.66 to 0.90 K when the PtSi thickness is raised from 3.1 to 12.7 nm, while, concurrently, the PtSi grains grow larger in thicker films. The critical temperature also increases from 0.53 to 0.66 K for the 3.1 nm PtSi film when the formation temperature is raised from 400 to 500 °C.
Examination of undergraduate students’ physics expectations
Authors: Körhasan Nilüfer Didiş , Çıtak Ceylan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A body of beliefs based on previous knowledge, attitudes, and experiences creates physics expectations of students about what they will learn and which skills they will use in physics lessons. Previous research indicated these views about knowledge and learning influenced physics learning by affecting their learning approaches. This research aims to investigate the physics expectations of undergraduate engineering and education students, who take various and different numbers of physics courses in Türkiye. The physics expectations of students were examined due to certain variables and they were compared with experts' ideas. In the study, the Turkish version of the Maryland Physics Expectations Survey II (MPEX II) was given to 831 engineering and education students in different universities. The results indicated the statistical differences in the physics expectations scores according to the department that was registered, the number of physics courses taken, and the reading of popular physics books. However, no significant difference was observed in the physics expectations scores according to gender, being an engineering student or education student, the year of the program, and the instructional approach of physics courses. The mean of the percentages of students who thought like experts in item by item was around 2/5; however, when expert-like thinking was considered for the overall scores, almost 12% of students answered at least half of the items like experts.
Corrosion characterization of engine connecting rods using fringe projection profilometry and unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Lakshman S Anush , Delzendehrooy Fatemeh , Balasubramaniam Badrinath , E Kremer Gül , Liao Yiliang , Li Beiwen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The consequences associated with corrosion, a global industrial peril, cost an estimated $ 2.5 trillion annually to inspect, rectify, and prevent. In addition to significant economic losses, corrosion-induced failure of critical components in transport systems, like automobiles, may also lead to loss of human life. Hence, it is essential to eradicate corrosion in its early stages. The most vital automobile component is its engine, whose failure can cause fatal accidents. Regular quality inspection and maintenance by skilled personnel is essential to prevent this. Automating this task will address this domain’s personnel shortage while mitigating the risk of human error. To enable the performance of this task without the need for human intervention, we determine the morphological parameters affected by corrosion in automotive engine components, namely connecting rods, using fringe projection profilometry, a high-speed 3D profiling technique capable of achieving sub-millimeter accuracy. We then perform classification using k-means clustering into low, medium, and high corrosion bands, based on the parameters obtained from 3D imaging. The model was able to achieve a high accuracy of 88.57%. The accuracy was determined by considering the visual classification performed by a Material Science Expert as the ground truth.
Camera-IMU extrinsic calibration method based on intermittent sampling and RANSAC optimization
Authors: Liang Xinfeng , Cheng Xiaoqi , Tan Haishu , Huang Yinrui , Li Xiaosong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Accurately calibrate the extrinsic parameters between a camera and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is a prerequisite for achieving sensor data fusion in visual-inertial navigation systems. Due to delays introduced by triggering, transmission, and other factors, the sampled times of the camera and IMU do not align with the system timestamps, leading to a decrease in the accuracy of extrinsic calibration. Existing calibration methods are unable to avoid the temporal misalignment between the camera and IMU. This paper introduces a novel intermittent calibration sampling method to address temporal misalignment challenges. The approach entails detecting motion-stillness transition points in the IMU data as keyframe segmentation criteria, thereby decoupling data acquisition from system timestamps and aligning it with the sensor’s motion process. Subsequently, the robot hand-eye calibration method is applied to the extrinsic calibration of the Camera-IMU, combining the Random Sample Consensus algorithm to filter the poses of the camera and IMU. This process achieves precise calibration of extrinsic parameters. Experimental validation shows that the algorithm proposed in this paper enhances calibration accuracy when compared to the widely used Kalibr Camera-IMU calibration toolbox. The rotational extrinsic parameter accuracy increased by 181.25%, and the translational extrinsic parameter accuracy improved by 168.33%. These findings provide effective technical means for precise measurement of Camera-IMU extrinsic parameters.