bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What dietary modification best improves insulin sensitivity and why?
Authors: Weickert Martin O. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryInsulin resistance (IR) has been proposed as the strongest single predictor for incident type 2 diabetes and is mainly caused by adiposity as a result of chronic excessive energy intake. Loss of body weight and fat mass improve insulin sensitivity. However, independent of energy intake and changes in body weight/composition, dietary content and specific metabolic effects of certain nutrients may play significant additional roles in influencing IR. These effects are mainly relatively modest, with modulation of IR and diabetes risk within the range of 10–30%, but could be of major relevance on a population level. Examples include dietary concepts and patterns such as the traditional Mediterranean diet; the isoenergetic modulation of the composition of types of fatty acids in the diet; low‐carbohydrate–high‐protein diets; the quality of carbohydrate‐rich foods, which includes the concepts of glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load; and, not necessarily related to the GI concept, specific metabolic effects of high‐fibre diets, with relevant differences between the type of fibre consumed. Effects of further selected foods (e.g. coffee, tea and nuts) and micronutrients (e.g. magnesium, selenium and zinc) on the modulation of IR have been reviewed elsewhere. This study focuses on changes in IR by isoenergetic modulation of the main macronutrients (fat, carbohydrates including dietary fibre, and dietary protein), with discussion of novel concepts and the potential interplay of food components in the current dietary concepts.
Food‐web‐mediated effects of climate warming: consequences for the seasonal Daphnia dynamics
Authors: WAGNER ANNEKATRIN , HÜLSMANN STEPHAN , HORN WOLFGANG , SCHILLER THOMAS , SCHULZE TORSTEN , VOLKMANN SVEN , BENNDORF JÜRGEN 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. In an extensive field study, we tested the hypothesis that warming during a sensitive period alters trophic interactions in pelagic food webs of dimictic lakes: Matching of predation on the key herbivore Daphnia by vertebrate (Perca fluviatilis) and invertebrate (Leptodora kindtii) predators would destabilise Daphnia populations during summer. To predict food‐web‐mediated effects of climate warming, we relied on phase‐specific warming trends (during winter, early thermal stratification, summer stagnation) of an 11‐year (1999–2009) period to study instantaneous or time‐delayed ecological responses.2. Warming during the period of early thermal stratification (here corresponding to May) rather than during winter or summer was found to generate complex, time‐delayed cascading effects on Daphnia via timing and rates of predation. In contrast to our hypothesis, warming exceeding a critical mean temperature (14 °C) during May increased the stability of the Daphnia population during summer.3. The termination of predation on Daphnia by older perch and L. kindtii was advanced even stronger (14 days per degree Celsius warming during May) than the start of predation. Warming during May thus shortened the period of synchronised predation on Daphnia by older perch, young‐of‐the‐year perch and L. kindtii (match index) by up to 4 weeks, thereby decreasing total rates of predation on Daphnia during July by up to 40%.4. The timing of the top‐down control of Leptodora dynamics by perch proved to be a key process for population stability of Daphnia during summer compared to the less important direct cascading effect of fish on Daphnia and temperature effects on Leptodora growth and consumption or on Daphnia reproduction.5. We conclude that predicting the consequences of climate warming for plankton dynamics requires a mechanistic understanding of lake‐specific temperature‐driven changes in trophic cascades, especially when an invertebrate predator is dynamically coupled both to the key herbivore and to their predators.
Tracking climate impacts on the migratory monarch butterfly
Authors: Zipkin Elise F. , Ries Leslie , Reeves Rick , Regetz James , Oberhauser Karen S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the impacts of climate on migratory species is complicated by the fact that these species travel through several climates that may be changing in diverse ways throughout their complete migratory cycle. Most studies are not designed to tease out the direct and indirect effects of climate at various stages along the migration route. We assess the impacts of spring and summer climate conditions on breeding monarch butterflies, a species that completes its annual migration cycle over several generations. No single, broad‐scale climate metric can explain summer breeding phenology or the substantial year‐to‐year fluctuations observed in population abundances. As such, we built aPoisson regression model to help explain annual arrival times and abundances in theMidwesternUnitedStates. We incorporated the climate conditions experienced both during a spring migration/breeding phase in Texas as well as during subsequent arrival and breeding during the main recruitment period inOhio. Using data from a state‐wide butterfly monitoring network inOhio, our results suggest that climate acts in conflicting ways during the spring and summer seasons. High spring precipitation inTexas is associated with the largest annual population growth inOhio and the earliest arrival to the summer breeding ground, as are intermediate spring temperatures inTexas. On the other hand, the timing of monarch arrivals to the summer breeding grounds is not affected by climate conditions withinOhio. Once inOhio for summer breeding, precipitation has minimal impacts on overall abundances, whereas warmer summer temperatures are generally associated with the highest expected abundances, yet this effect is mitigated by the average seasonal temperature of each location in that the warmest sites receive no benefit of above average summer temperatures. Our results highlight the complex relationship between climate and performance for a migrating species and suggest that attempts to understand how monarchs will be affected by future climate conditions will be challenging.
Effects of climate warming on polar bears: a review of the evidence
Authors: Stirling Ian , Derocher Andrew E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractClimate warming is causing unidirectional changes to annual patterns of sea ice distribution, structure, and freeze‐up. We summarize evidence that documents how loss of sea ice, the primary habitat of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), negatively affects their long‐term survival. To maintain viable subpopulations, polar bears depend on sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals for long enough each year to accumulate sufficient energy (fat) to survive periods when seals are unavailable. Less time to access to prey, because of progressively earlier breakup in spring, when newly weaned ringed seal (Pusa hispida) young are available, results in longer periods of fasting, lower body condition, decreased access to denning areas, fewer and smaller cubs, lower survival of cubs as well as bears of other age classes and, finally, subpopulation decline toward eventual extirpation. The chronology of climate‐driven changes will vary between subpopulations, with quantifiable negative effects being documented first in the more southerly subpopulations, such as those inHudsonBay or the southernBeaufortSea. As the bears' body condition declines, more seek alternate food resources so the frequency of conflicts between bears and humans increases. In the most northerly areas, thick multiyear ice, through which little light penetrates to stimulate biological growth on the underside, will be replaced by annual ice, which facilitates greater productivity and may create habitat more favorable to polar bears over continental shelf areas in the short term. If the climate continues to warm and eliminate sea ice as predicted, polar bears will largely disappear from the southern portions of their range by mid‐century. They may persist in the northernCanadianArcticIslands and northernGreenland for the foreseeable future, but their long‐term viability, with a much reduced global population size in a remnant of their former range, is uncertain.
SOX11 is useful in differentiating cyclin D1‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma from mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Hsiao Shih‐Chuan , Cortada Inmaculada Ribera , Colomo Luis , Ye Hongtao , Liu Hongxiang , Kuo Szu‐Yin , Lin Shu‐Hui , Chang Sheng‐Tsung , Kuo Ted U , Campo Elias , Chuang Shih‐Sung 
Published: May 2012

Hsiao S‐C, Cortada I R, Colomo L, Ye H, Liu H, Kuo S‐Y, Lin S‐H, Chang S‐T, Kuo T U, Campo E & Chuang S‐S  (2012) Histopathology 61, 685–693SOX11 is useful in differentiating cyclin D1‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma from mantle cell lymphomaAims:  To characterize the frequency and clinicopathological features of cyclin D1‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the usefulness of SOX11 in the differential diagnosis from mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).Methods and results:  We retrospectively stained 206 consecutive DLBCLs for cyclin D1, and identified three (1.5%) positive cases, comprising two in the elderly with necrosis, and a third with a starry‐sky pattern. All three cases shared the same non‐germinal centre B‐cell (non‐GCB) phenotype [CD5−/CD10−/bcl‐6+/MUM1+/SOX11−], Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) negativity, and absence of CCND1 aberrations by fluorescence in‐situ hybridization. The third case showed both BCL6 and MYC rearrangements: a double‐hit lymphoma. In the same period there were 22 MCLs, all expressing cyclin D1, with 89% cases expressing SOX11, a frequency that is statistically different from cyclin D1‐positive DLBCL. Notably, we identified a pleomorphic MCL initially misdiagnosed as DLBCL. A separate cohort of 98 DLBCL cases was negative for SOX11, with only one case expressing cyclin D1 with a GCB phenotype (CD10+/bcl‐6+/MUM1−). The two patients with tumour necrosis rapidly died of disease. The other two were in complete remission after immunochemotherapy.Conclusions:  Cyclin D1‐positive DLBCLs are rare, and they are negative for SOX11 or CCND1 aberration. SOX11 is useful in differentiating cyclin D1‐positive DLBCL from MCL.
Amyloid substance within stenotic aortic valves promotes mineralization
Authors: Audet Audrey , Côté Nancy , Couture Christian , Bossé Yohan , Després Jean‐Pierre , Pibarot Philippe , Mathieu Patrick 
Published: May 2012

Audet A, Côté N, Couture C, Bossé Y, Després J‐P, Pibarot P & Mathieu P  (2012) Histopathology 61, 610–619Amyloid substance within stenotic aortic valves promotes mineralizationAims:  Accumulation of apolipoproteins may play an important role in the pathobiology of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). We aimed to explore the hypothesis that apolipoprotein‐derived amyloid could play a role in the development of CAVD.Methods and results:  In 70 explanted CAVD valves and 15 control non‐calcified aortic valves, we assessed the presence of amyloid by using Congo red staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to document the presence of apolipoprotein AI (Apo‐AI). Apoptosis was documented by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) studies performed in control and CAVD valves. Control valves were free of amyloid. Deposition of amyloid was detected in all CAVD valves, and the amount was positively correlated with plasma high‐density lipoprotein and Apo‐AI levels. Apo‐AI within CAVD valves co‐localized with intense staining of fibrillar amyloid. In turn, deposition of amyloid co‐localized with apoptosis near mineralized areas. Isolation of amyloid fibrils confirmed that Apo‐AI is a major component of amyloid deposits in CAVD. In vitro, CAVD‐derived amyloid extracts increased apoptosis and mineralization of isolated aortic valvular interstitial cells.Conclusions:  Apo‐AI is a major component of amyloid substance present within CAVD valves. Furthermore, amyloid deposits participate in mineralization in CAVD by promoting apoptosis of valvular interstitial cells.
Comparison of the effect of different techniques for measurement of Ki67 proliferation on reproducibility and prognosis prediction accuracy in breast cancer
Authors: Gudlaugsson Einar , Skaland Ivar , Janssen Emiel A M , Smaaland Rune , Shao Zhiming , Malpica Anais , Voorhorst Feja , Baak Jan P A 
Published: May 2012

Gudlaugsson E, Skaland I, Janssen E A M, Smaaland R, Shao Z, Malpica A, Voorhorst F & Baak J P A  (2012) Histopathology Comparison of the effect of different techniques for measurement of Ki67 proliferation on reproducibility and prognosis prediction accuracy in breast cancerAims:  The proliferation factor Ki67 is prognostic in breast cancer and included in international therapy guidelines, but measurement procedures differ between laboratories. We compared the reproducibility and prognostic value of different Ki67 sampling and measurement methods.Methods and results:  In 237 T1,2N0M0 breast cancers without adjuvant systemic treatment, strictly standardized section thickness, automated antigen retrieval and immunohistochemistry were used. The percentages of Ki67‐positive nuclei were assessed using (i) a ‘quick‐scan rapid estimate’, (ii) ocular‐square‐guided counts by independent pathologists, (iii) computerized point‐grid‐sampling interactive morphometry (CIM) and (iv) automated digital image analysis (DIA). Quick‐scan rapid estimates were poorly reproducible. The optimal prognostic thresholds of Ki67 counts by two pathologists differed greatly (4%, 14%; kappa: 0.36), with many therapeutic differences. CIM‐Ki67 and DIA‐Ki67 were strongly prognostic (P < 0.0001) and reproducible. DIA‐Ki67 (threshold: 6.5%) was the strongest and most robust prognosticator (the threshold could vary from 4 to 15% without significant prognostic loss). Ki67 was prognostically strongest in the periphery of the tumour.Conclusion:   In node‐negative breast cancer without adjuvant systemic treatment, Ki67% by DIA, but not subjective counts, is reproducible and prognostically strong. This casts serious doubt on therapeutic guidelines using subjective counts of Ki67.
Lucid dreaming: an age‐dependent brain dissociation
Authors: VOSS URSULA , FRENZEL CLEMENS , KOPPEHELE‐GOSSEL JUDITH , HOBSON ALLAN 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe current study focused on the distribution of lucid dreams in school children and young adults. The survey was conducted on a large sample of students aged 6–19 years. Questions distinguished between past and current experience with lucid dreams. Results suggest that lucid dreaming is quite pronounced in young children, its incidence rate drops at about age 16 years. Increased lucidity was found in those attending higher level compared with lower level schools. Taking methodological issues into account, we feel confident to propose a link between the natural occurrence of lucid dreaming and brain maturation.
Early characterization of maize plants in selection cycles under soil flooding*
Authors: De Souza Thiago C. , De Castro Evaristo M. , Magalhães Paulo C. , Alves Elícia T. , Pereira Fabrício J. 
Published: May 2012

With 2 figures and 3 tablesAbstractTo insert maize crop in the lowlands, the National Maize and Sorghum Research Center has developed, through the recurrent phenotypical selection, a maize variety called Saracura‐BRS‐4154, which has the capability to survive in periods of flooding. This study was carried out with the purpose of characterizing young plants of successive selection cycles of the variety ‘Saracura’, under flooding, concerning the morpho‐physiology. The assay was carried out in greenhouse by sowing 10 alternate selection cycles and a BR 107 variety known for its susceptibility to flooding. It was found that the last selection cycles resulted in a greater development of thin roots, greater volume and root length. The selection cycles decreased the exodermis and increased aerenchyma formation in the roots over time. There was also leaf plasticity throughout the cycles, and it was noted an increase in the gas exchange parameters and also in the stomata number and size. Our results showed that there was a genetic gain in the morpho‐physiological changes related to flooding throughout the selection cycles of ‘Saracura’ maize young plants.
Ultraviolet reflectance mediates pollinator visitation in Mimulus guttatus
Authors: RAE JASON M. , VAMOSI JANA C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFloral colors are widely believed to be an adaptation to attract pollinators. Recently, our understanding of floral reflectance has broadened to include colors that are beyond the spectrum that human eyes can perceive (such as ultraviolet (UV) reflectance), yet we still know relatively little about which plant species reflect UV light or its effectiveness in attracting pollinators. We investigated the effect of UV reflectance in Mimulus guttatus in a number of different populations in British Columbia, Canada. We found that M. guttatus had distinct regions of the corolla where UV light was reflected and absorbed. When we manipulated the degree of contrast between the reflection and absorption area, we found that pollinator visitation was severely disrupted, in terms of frequency and foraging patterns observed. Despite the bright yellow (bee‐green) coloration and visible nectar guides in M. guttatus, we conclude that UV reflectance is critical in pollinator attraction.
Neoadjuvant therapy of renal cell carcinoma: A novel treatment option in the era of targeted therapy?
Authors: Schrader Andres J , Steffens Sandra , Schnoeller Thomas J , Schrader Mark , Kuczyk Markus A 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness, toxicity and optimal duration of neoadjuvant therapy for patients with organ‐confined or locally advanced renal cell carcinoma in the era of targeted agents. A literature review was carried out using Medline/Pubmed articles, as well as congress reports from the last five American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Urological Association and European Association of Urology Annual Meetings. Neoadjuvant targeted therapy is feasible and shows toxicity similar to that seen in a palliative setting. Most studies recommend an application for 2–4 months. The current data situation is best for sunitinib. Surgery can apparently be carried out the day right after discontinuing the drug. However, even sunitinib leads to only a mean 10% decrease in primary tumor size, and one‐quarter to one‐fifth of all patients show local tumor progression during treatment. Few patients (approximately 12%) with a vena cava tumor thrombus achieve a significant decrease in its level under neoadjuvant therapy; here too, progression is observed in a significant number of cases. Even the new targeted agents show limited effectiveness in achieving relevant remissions of the primary tumor. Furthermore, tumor progression is seen in a significant percentage of patients during neoadjuvant therapy. Thus, even today in the era of targeted agents, a neoadjuvant approach should only be made in patients with localized or locally advanced renal cell carcinoma, which primarily seem to be absolutely inaccessible by (partial) nephrectomy.
Safety and efficacy of substituting nedaplatin after carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions in gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Michikami Hiroo , Minaguchi Takeo , Ochi Hiroyuki , Onuki Mamiko , Okada Satoshi , Matsumoto Koji , Satoh Toyomi , Oki Akinori , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  Repeated treatment with carboplatin increases the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions. Current managements for carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions involve premedication, desensitization, and replacing agents. However, preventive effects for recurrent reactions by the former two methods are still limited, and substituting non‐platinum agent can attenuate efficacy against platinum‐sensitive diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of substituting nedaplatin, another platinum compound, as a strategy to deal with carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions in gynecologic cancers.Material and Methods:  Patients who experienced carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions and subsequently switched to nedaplatin between 2001 and 2009 were identified through our database. The incidence and severity of nedaplatin hypersensitivity were examined. Response to nedaplatin therapy was evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and serum CA‐125 levels.Results:  Forty‐six of 570 patients (8.1%) experienced carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions, and the increased cycle numbers of carboplatin‐based regimens correlated with the high incidence of hypersensitivity (≤6, 0.9% vs ≥7, 19.2%). Of these 46 patients, 38 subsequently switched to nedaplatin‐based regimens (ovarian, tubal or peritoneal carcinoma, 30; endometrial carcinoma, 6; cervical carcinoma, 2). Three of the 38 patients (7.9%) eventually developed hypersensitivity against nedaplatin, and all their reactions were grade 2. The response rate to nedaplatin therapy among 32 evaluable patients was 31.3%.Conclusion:  Replacing carboplatin with nedaplatin provided a safe and efficacious approach to manage carboplatin hypersensitivity. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to indicate the usefulness of nedaplatin after carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions. Further evaluations are warranted to confirm our finding.
Linking visual response properties in the superior colliculus to saccade behavior
Authors: Marino Robert A. , Levy Ron , Boehnke Susan , White Brian J. , Itti Laurent , Munoz Douglas P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHere we examined the influence of the visual response in the superior colliculus (SC) (an oculomotor control structure integrating sensory, motor and cognitive signals) on the development of the motor command that drives saccadic eye movements in monkeys. We varied stimulus luminance to alter the timing and magnitude of visual responses in the SC and examined how these changes correlated with resulting saccade behavior. Increasing target luminance resulted in multiple modulations of the visual response, including increased magnitude and decreased response onset latency. These signal modulations correlated strongly with changes in saccade latency and metrics, indicating that these signal properties carry through to the neural computations that determine when, where and how fast the eyes will move. Thus, components of the earliest part of the visual response in the SC provide important building blocks for the neural basis of the sensory–motor transformation, highlighting a critical link between the properties of the visual response and saccade behavior.