bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Methods to Communicate Treatment Preferences in Nursing Facilities: Traditional Practices Versus the Physician Orders for Life‐Sustaining Treatment Program
Authors: Hickman Susan E. , Nelson Christine A. , Perrin Nancy A. , Moss Alvin H. , Hammes Bernard J. , Tolle Susan W. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between two methods to communicate treatment preferences (Physician Orders for Life‐Sustaining Treatment (POLST) program vs traditional practices) and documentation of life‐sustaining treatment orders, symptom assessment and management, and use of life‐sustaining treatments.DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort study conducted between June 2006 and April 2007.SETTING: A stratified, random sample of 90 Medicaid‐eligible nursing facilities in Oregon, Wisconsin, and West Virginia.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand seven hundred eleven living and deceased nursing facility residents aged 65 and older with a minimum 60‐day stay.MEASUREMENTS: Life‐sustaining treatment orders; pain, shortness of breath, and related treatments over a 7‐day period; and use of life‐sustaining treatments over a 60‐day period.RESULTS: Residents with POLST forms were more likely to have orders about life‐sustaining treatment preferences beyond cardiopulmonary resuscitation than residents without (98.0% vs 16.1%, P<.001). There were no differences between residents with and without POLST forms in symptom assessment or management. Residents with POLST forms indicating orders for comfort measures only were less likely to receive medical interventions (e.g., hospitalization) than residents with POLST full treatment orders (P=.004), residents with traditional do‐not‐resuscitate orders (P<.001), or residents with traditional full code orders (P<.001).CONCLUSION: Residents with POLST forms were more likely to have treatment preferences documented as medical orders than those who did not, but there were no differences in symptom management or assessment. POLST orders restricting medical interventions were associated with less use of life‐sustaining treatments. Findings suggest that the POLST program offers significant advantages over traditional methods to communicate preferences about life‐sustaining treatments.
A Comparative, Retrospective, Observational Study of the Prevalence, Availability, and Specificity of Advance Care Plans in a County that Implemented an Advance Care Planning Microsystem
Authors: Hammes Bernard J. , Rooney Brenda L. , Gundrum Jacob D. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVES:To determine whether outcomes have changed over time for a managed, systematic approach to advance care planning (ACP).DESIGN:Retrospective comparison of medical record and death certificate data of adults who died over a 7‐month period in 2007/08 with those of adults who died over an 11‐month period in 1995/96.SETTING:All healthcare organizations in La Crosse County, Wisconsin.PARTICIPANTS:Five hundred forty adults who died in 1995/96 and 400 adults who died in 2007/08.INTERVENTION:A systematic ACP approach, Respecting Choices, collaboratively implemented in 1993 and continuously improved in subsequent years.MEASUREMENTS:Demographic and cause‐of‐death data were collected from death certificates. Type and content of any advance directive (AD), existence and content of Physician Orders for Life‐Sustaining Treatment, and medical treatment provided at the location of death in the last 30 days of life were abstracted from the medical record.RESULTS:The recent data show a significantly greater prevalence of ADs (90% vs 85%,P=.02) and of availability of these directives in the medical record at the time of death (99.4% vs 95.2%,P<.001) than the data collected over 10 years ago. The new data suggest that quality efforts have improved the prevalence, clarity, and specificity of ADs.CONCLUSION:A system for ACP can be managed in a geographic region so that, at the time of death, almost all adults have an advance care plan that is specific and available and treatment is consistent with their plan.
Design of a donor‐driven data collection strategy for operational improvement of blood donation process
Authors: Padman R. , Heuston M. , Ashley S. , Bhortake A. , Carey R. , Dua S. , Mihelic M. , Rajderkar S. , Saini V. 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have noted that donor retention may be negatively impacted by the total time it takes to complete the blood donation process.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To gain a comprehensive understanding of the blood donation process and examine opportunities for operational improvements, an educational partnership established between a blood bank and a university designed and implemented a donor‐driven data collection strategy.RESULTS: A large amount of real‐time, comprehensive, donor‐reported data was collected as donors navigated the process, which has enabled a thorough analysis of the process and its potential improvements.CONCLUSION: In this paper, we describe the design and implementation efforts, examine the challenges in operationalizing a donor‐driven data collection approach, and present insights and recommendations for its application in similar settings.
Hiccups, a rare complication arising from use of a central venous catheter
Authors: SAV Tansu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCentral venous cannulation is a common procedure for acute hemodialysis. Hiccups are a rare complication of internal jugular venous catheterization. In this case, hiccups appeared after the vena jugularis interna catheterization for acute hemodialysis in a patient with acute renal failure and was treated with the reposition of the catheter.
Impacts of belowground herbivory on oviposition decisions in two congeneric butterfly species
Authors: Soler Roxina , Harvey Jeffrey A. , Rouchet Romain , Schaper Sonja V. , Martijn Bezemer T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRoot‐feeding insects can affect the performance of aboveground insect herbivores when they are forced to feed on the same host plant. Here we explored whether the oviposition behaviour of two closely related herbivorous species (cabbage butterflies; Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is influenced by root‐feeding insects, when they are given the chance to choose between host plants with and without root herbivores. Considering that egg load is an important physiological factor influencing the foraging behaviour of insects, we also examined whether root‐feeding insects differentially influence oviposition preference in butterflies with low and high egg loads. Oviposition preference in both butterfly species with low and high egg loads was monitored using host plants with and without root herbivores. To ascertain the status of butterfly age with low and high egg loads, the oviducts of a separate group of butterflies was dissected to record the number of immature and mature eggs in butterflies of various ages.Pieris brassicaeL. butterflies with low egg loads preferred plants without root herbivores over plants with root herbivores, and laid more egg clutches on the leaves of plants that were not attacked by root herbivores. Butterflies with comparatively high egg loads also selected a larger proportion of plants without root herbivores, but laid a similar number of egg clutches on the plant shoots independent of the presence or absence of root herbivores belowground. Independent of the age and egg load,Pieris rapaeL. butterflies selected a larger proportion of plants not attacked by root herbivores to lay eggs, but the number of eggs laid was similar in plants with and without root herbivores. This study shows that belowground insects can influence behavioural decisions of aboveground insect herbivores. Interestingly, the strength of these interactions depends on the physiological state of the insects which is probably correlated with their perception of environmental quality.
Mapping of balanced chromosome translocation breakpoints to the basepair level from microdissected chromosomes
Authors: Obenauf Anna C. , Schwarzbraun Thomas , Auer Martina , Hoffmann Eva M. , Waldispuehl‐Geigl Julie , Ulz Peter , Günther Barbara , Duba Hans‐Christoph , Speicher Michael R. , Geigl Jochen B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe analysis of structural variants associated with specific phenotypic features is promising for the elucidation of the function of involved genes. There is, however, at present no approach allowing the rapid mapping of chromosomal translocation breakpoints to the basepair level from a single chromosome. Here we demonstrate that we have advanced both the microdissection and the subsequent unbiased amplification to an extent that breakpoint mapping to the basepair level has become possible. As a case in point we analysed the two breakpoints of a t(7;13) translocation observed in a patient with split hand/foot malformation (SHFM1). The amplification products of the der(7) and of the der(13) were hybridized to custom‐made arrays, enabling us to define primers at flanking breakpoint regions and thus to fine‐map the breakpoints to the basepair level. Consequently, our results will also contribute to a further delineation of causative mechanisms underlying SHFM1 which are currently unknown.
Detecting signatures of inter‐regional and inter‐specific hybridization among the Chinese rhesus macaque specific pathogen‐free (SPF) population using single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers
Authors: Kanthaswamy Sree , Satkoski Jessica , Kou Alex , Malladi Venkat , Glenn Smith David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground While rates of gene flow between rhesus and longtail macaque populations near their hybrid zone in Indochina have been quantified elsewhere, this study demonstrates that the inter‐specific introgression is not limited to the Indochinese hybrid zone but is more geographically widespread.Methods Twelve rhesus and longtail macaque populations were analyzed using single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci.Results There is evidence for inter‐specific admixture between Chinese rhesus and mainland longtails, with implications for genetic diversity both in the Chinese super‐SPF population at the California National Primate Research Center and in other primate facilities. Eastern Chinese rhesus appeared more highly derived than western Chinese rhesus, and allele sharing between longtails and Chinese rhesus was not random with regard to geographic distance, but no significant nuclear genetic differences between eastern and western Chinese rhesus were detected among the 245 genic SNPs assayed.Conclusion The implications of this inter‐specific admixture for the use of Chinese rhesus and mainland longtail in biomedical research should be considered.
Toll‐like Receptor‐2 and Toll‐like Receptor‐4 Expression on Maternal Neutrophils During Pregnancy
Authors: Nitsche Joshua F. , Jiang Shi‐Wen , Brost Brian C. 
Published: July 2010

Nitsche JF, Jiang S‐W, Brost BC. Toll‐like receptor‐2 and toll‐like receptor‐4 expression on maternal neutrophils during pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 427–434Problem  Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are an important part of the innate immune system and are present in a variety of human tissues. Work investigating the role of the TLR in pregnancy has thus far focused on placental tissue; however, minimal data is currently available concerning TLR expression in other tissues. Unlike placental tissue, neutrophils are easily retrievable during pregnancy and thus allow assessment of TLR’s prior to delivery.Method of study  Using real time quantitative PCR this study investigated whether TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression on maternal neutrophils is altered throughout gestation or at the time of labor. A group of 12 non‐pregnant women and two groups of ten pregnant patients were enrolled and followed longitudinally, one group throughout gestation and one group throughout the third trimester.Results  Although increased in the placenta, TLR2 and TLR4 expression on maternal neutrophils changes minimally throughout gestation.Conclusion  There appears to be very little regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 at the mRNA level during normal pregnancy and labor. However, now that the normal values of TLR expression on maternal neutrophils have been determined it will be possible to compare them to those from pregnancies complicated by such conditions as preeclampsia, preterm labor, or preterm premature rupture of membranes.
The effect of different attachment systems with implant‐retained overdentures on maximum bite force and EMG
Authors: Uçankale Mert , Akoğlu Burçin , Özkan Yaşar , Ozkan Yasemin Kulak 
Published: July 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00389.xThe effect of different attachment systems with implant‐retained overdentures on maximum bite force and EMGObjective:  To compare the effect of different attachment systems with implant‐retained overdentures on maximum bite force and muscle activity using electromyography (EMG).Background:  Denture retention and stability is of considerable interest in prosthetic dentistry.Materials and methods:  Thirty‐five patients were examined: 15 edentulous patients treated with mandibular implant‐retained overdentures (MIRO) and maxillary dentures (MCD) (two implant‐ball attachment) (BC); 10 edentulous patients treated with MIRO and MCD (four implants‐bar attachments) (BRC); 10 patients with edentulous mandibular treated with MIRO and maxillary fixed partial dentures (MFPD) (two implant‐ball attachments) (BF). Before implant placement all patients received new dentures. After using these dentures for 3 months the maximum bite force and electrical activity of masseter muscle were measured. Two or four implants were then inserted into the intraforaminal region. After osseointegration periods, patients were treated with MIRO which duplicated their dentures and after three months the measurements were repeated. The data were collected and statistically analysed.Results:  Muscle activity and chewing ability increased in the second period of measurements. Also chewing time was significantly decreased at the first measurements. The highest muscle activity was observed in the group of patients treated with group BF.Conclusion:  The EMG values of the masseter muscle significantly increased when an implant attachments was used in the overdenture.
Recent Work on Pygmalion in Nineteenth‐Century Literature
Authors: Yeates Amelia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPygmalion, Ovid’s story of the sculptor who falls in love with his own statue, later brought to life by Venus, is a popular subject in English literature. In this essay I review recent work on Pygmalion in 19th‐century literature, focusing on the key themes of gender, class and metamorphosis. The literature reviewed includes analyses of specific Pygmalion poems and plays, as well as the use of Pygmalion as a trope for a range of concerns relating to male control, fashioning and the female subject. In the essay I consider Romantic and Victorian versions, as well as early 20th‐century texts such as George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion (1912) which I suggest has shaped modern ways of understanding Pygmalionism and transformation.
N‐Glycosylation is important for the correct intracellular localization of HFE and its ability to decrease cell surface transferrin binding
Authors: Bhatt Lavinia , Murphy Claire , O’Driscoll Liam S. , Carmo‐Fonseca Maria , McCaffrey Mary W. , Fleming John V. 
Published: July 2010

HFE is a type 1 transmembrane protein that becomes N‐glycosylated during transport to the cell membrane. It influences cellular iron concentrations through multiple mechanisms, including regulation of transferrin binding to transferrin receptors. The importance of glycosylation in HFE localization and function has not yet been studied. Here we employed bioinformatics to identify putative N‐glycosylation sites at residues N110, N130 and N234 of the human HFE protein, and used site‐directed mutagenesis to create combinations of single, double or triple mutants. Compared with the wild‐type protein, which co‐localizes with the type 1 transferrin receptor in the endosomal recycling compartment and on distributed punctae, the triple mutant co‐localized with BiP in the endoplasmic reticulum. This was similar to the localization pattern described previously for the misfolding HFE‐C282Y mutant that causes type 1 hereditary haemachromatosis. We also observed that the triple mutant was functionally deficient in β2‐microglobulin interactions and incapable of regulating transferrin binding, once again, reminiscent of the HFE‐C282Y variant. Single and double mutants that undergo limited glycosylation appeared to have a mixed phenotype, with characteristics primarily of the wild‐type, but also some from the glycosylation‐deficient protein. Therefore, although they displayed an endosomal recycling compartment/punctate localization like the wild‐type protein, many cells simultaneously displayed additional reticular localization. Furthermore, although the majority of cells expressing these single and double mutants showed decreased surface binding of transferrin, a number appeared to have lost this ability. We conclude that glycosylation is important for the normal intracellular trafficking and functional activity of HFE.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7896236, MINT‐7896218: beta2M (uniprotkb:P61769) physically interacts (MI:0915) with HFE (uniprotkb:Q30201) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐7896162: TfR1 (uniprotkb:P02786) and HFE (uniprotkb:Q30201) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
MINT‐7896258, MINT‐7896317, MINT‐7896330, MINT‐7896348, MINT‐7896366: HFE (uniprotkb:Q30201) and transferrin (uniprotkb:P02787) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
MINT‐7896149: HFE (uniprotkb:Q30201) and BiP (uniprotkb:P11021) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
The dark flow induced small-scale kinetic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect
Authors: Zhang Pengjie 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Recently, Kashlinsky et al. reported a discovery of a ∼103 km s−1 bulk flow of the Universe out to z≃ 0.3, through the dark flow induced cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole in directions of clusters. We point out that, if this dark flow exists, it will also induce observable CMB temperature fluctuations at multipole ℓ∼ 103, through modulation of the inhomogeneous electron distribution on the uniform dark flow. The induced small-scale kinetic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect will reach ∼ 1 μ K2 at multipole 103≲ℓ≲ 104, only a factor of ∼ 2 smaller than the conventional kinetic SZ effect. Furthermore, it will be correlated with the large-scale structure (LSS) and its correlation with Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) galaxy distribution reaches 0.3 μK at ℓ= 103, under a directional dependent optimal weighting scheme. We estimate that, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe plus 2MASS should already be able to detect this dark flow induced small-scale kinetic SZ effect with ∼ 6σ confidence. Deeper galaxy surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey can further improve the measurement. Planck plus existing galaxy surveys can reach &gt;rsim 14σ detection. Existing CMB–LSS cross-correlation measurements shall be reanalysed to test the existence of the dark flow and, if it exists, shall be used to eliminate possible bias on the integrated Sachs–Wolfe effect measurement through the CMB–LSS cross-correlation.
Shattering by turbulence as a production source of very small grains
Authors: Hirashita Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The origin of grain size distribution in the interstellar medium is one of the most fundamental problems in the interstellar physics. In the Milky Way, smaller grains are more abundant in number, but their origins are not necessarily specified and quantified. One of the most efficient drivers of small grain production is interstellar turbulence, in which dust grains can acquire relative velocities large enough to be shattered. Applying the framework of shattering developed in previous papers, we show that small (a ≲ 0.01 μm) grains reach the abundance level observed in the Milky Way in ∼108 yr (i.e. within the grain lifetime) by shattering in warm neutral medium. We also show that if part of grains experiences additional shattering in warm ionized medium, carbonaceous grains with a ∼ 0.01 μm are redistributed into smaller sizes. This could explain the relative enhancement of very small carbonaceous grains with a ∼ 3–100 Å. Our theory also explains the ubiquitous association between large grains and very small grains naturally. Some tests for our theory are proposed in terms of the metallicity dependence.
Body Mass Index Measurement in Schools*
Authors: Nihiser Allison J. , Lee Sarah M. , Wechsler Howell , McKenna Mary , Odom Erica , Reinold Chris , Thompson Diane , Grummer‐Strawn Larry 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTBackground:  School‐based body mass index (BMI) measurement has attracted much attention across the nation from researchers, school officials, legislators, and the media as a potential approach to address obesity among youth.Methods:  An expert panel, convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2005, reviewed and provided expertise on an earlier version of this article. The panel comprised experts in public health, education, school counseling, school medical care, and a parent organization. This article describes the purposes of BMI measurement programs, examines current practices, reviews existing research, summarizes the recommendations of experts, identifies concerns, and provides guidance including a list of safeguards and ideas for future research.Results:  The implementation of school‐based BMI measurement for surveillance purposes, that is, to identify the percentage of students in a population who are at risk for weight‐related problems, is widely accepted; however, considerable controversy exists over BMI measurement for screening purposes, that is, to assess the weight status of individual students and provide this information to parents with guidance for action. Although some promising results have been reported, more evaluation is needed to determine whether BMI screening programs are a promising practice for addressing obesity.Conclusions:  Based on the available information, BMI screening meets some but not all of the criteria established by the American Academy of Pediatrics for determining whether screening for specific health conditions should be implemented in schools. Schools that initiate BMI measurement programs should evaluate the effects of the program on BMI results and on weight‐related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of youth and their families; they also should adhere to safeguards to reduce the risk of harming students, have in place a safe and supportive environment for students of all body sizes, and implement science‐based strategies to promote physical activity and healthy eating.
Mortality and morbidity due to gastric dilatation‐volvulus syndrome in pedigree dogs in the UK
Authors: Evans Katy M. , Adams Vicki J. 
Published: July 2010

Objectives: To estimate breed‐specific risk of death due to, and prevalence of, gastric dilatation‐volvulus (GDV) in UK pedigree dogs.Methods: Data were available on the reported cause of and age at death and occurrence of and age at diagnosis of disease from the 2004 purebred dog health survey. A total of 15,881 dogs of 165 breeds had died in the previous 10 years; GDV was the cause of death in 65 breeds. There were 36,006 live dogs of 169 breeds of which 48 breeds had experienced ≥1 episodes of GDV. Prevalence ratios were used to estimate breed‐specific GDV mortality and morbidity risks.Results: Gastric dilatation‐volvulus was the cause of death for 389 dogs, representing 2.5% (95% CI: 2.2‐2.7) of all deaths reported and the median age at death was 7.92 years. There were 253 episodes in 238 live dogs. The median age at first diagnosis was five years. Breeds at greatest risk of GDV mortality were the bloodhound, Grand Bleu de Gascogne, German longhaired pointer and Neapolitan mastiff. Breeds at greatest risk of GDV morbidity were the Grand Bleu de Gascogne, bloodhound, otterhound, Irish setter and Weimaraner.ClinicalSignificance: These results suggest that 16 breeds, mainly large/giant, are at increased risk of morbidity/mortality due to GDV.