bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of orange juice for total cysteine and glutathione content by CZE with UV‐absorption detection
Authors: Kubalczyk Paweł , Bald Edward 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFor total content of cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) a sample (500 μL) of neat orange juice or commercially available soft drinks is treated according to the procedure consisted of four essential steps: reduction of disulfide forms of the analytes to their thiol counterparts with Tris 2‐carboxyethylphosphine, derivatization of thiols to their S‐quinolinium derivatives with 2‐chloro‐1‐methylquinolinium tetrafluroborate, separation of so‐formed derivatives by capillary zone electrophoresis with ACN stacking, and detection and quantitation with the use of ultraviolet detector at 355 nm. Commercially available bare fused‐silica capillary served as the CE column. The method is linear in a wide range of concentrations covering practical application. The coefficient of correlation between analyte concentrations within the range from 2.5 to 30.0 μmol/L and the detector response was for Cys and GSH 0.998 and 0.997, respectively. The imprecision for above‐mentioned range was between 6.7 and 3.8, and 3.6 and 1.1% RSD for Cys and GSH, respectively. The method was applied to several samples of fresh juices and commercial orange beverages.
Analysis of the interplay among charge, hydration and shape of proteins through the modeling of their CZE mobility data
Authors: Piaggio Maria V. , Peirotti Marta B. , Deiber Julio A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractElectrophorectic mobility data of four proteins are analyzed and interpreted through a physicochemical CZE model, which provides estimates of quantities like equivalent hydrodynamic radius (size), effective charge number, shape orientation factor, hydration, actual pK values of ionizing groups, and pH near molecule, among others. Protein friction coefficients are simulated through the creeping flow theory of prolate spheroidal particles. The modeling of the effective electrophoretic mobility of proteins requires consideration of hydrodynamic size and shape coupled to hydration and effective charge. The model proposed predicts native protein hydrations within the range of values obtained experimentally from other techniques. Therefore, this model provides consistently other physicochemical properties such as average friction and diffusion coefficients and packing fractal dimension. As the pH varies from native conditions to those that are denaturing the protein, hydration and packing fractal dimension change substantially. Needs for further research are also discussed and proposed.
Chip‐based immunoaffinity CE: Application to the measurement of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in skin biopsies
Authors: Phillips Terry M. , Wellner Edward F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA chip‐based immunoaffinity CE system has been employed to measure the concentrations of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in human skin biopsies, taken during atopic inflammatory events. The device employs a replaceable immunoaffinity disk to which capture antibodies have been chemically immobilized. Homogenates obtained from micro‐dissected human skin samples were injected into the system, where the analyte of interest was captured in the immunoextraction port, thus allowing non‐reactive materials to be removed prior to analysis. The captured analyte was labeled in situ with a red‐emitting laser dye before being released from the capture antibody, separated by electrophoresis, and the resolved peaks detected by online LIF. Comparison of this chip‐based system with conventional immunoassay demonstrated good correlation when analyzing both standards and patient samples. The system was semi‐automated resulting in a CE analysis within 1.5 min and a total of circa 5 min. Intra‐ and inter‐assay CV's of 3.85 and 4.19 were achieved with circa 98.8% recovery of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor at a concentration of 100 pg/mL. The assay demonstrated clear differences between clinical stages of atopic dermatitis in human patients and could run 10–15 samples per hour. This system holds the potential for being modified to be a portable unit that could be used in clinics and other biomedical screening studies.
A radar transparent layer in a temperate valley glacier: Bench Glacier, Alaska
Authors: Brown Joel , Harper Joel , Bradford John 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRadar surveys of Bench Glacier, Alaska, collected over five field seasons between 2002 and 2006 reveal a surface layer of radar transparent ice in this temperate valley glacier. The transparent layer covers the up‐glacier half of the ablation zone and is defined by a distinct lack of the radar scattering events considered typical of temperate ice. Radar scattering ice underlies the transparent zone, and extends to the surface elsewhere on the glacier. We observed the layering in constant offset radar surveys conducted with characteristic frequencies ranging from 5 MHz to 100 MHz. The radar transparent layer extends from the surface to 20 m depth on average, but up to 50 m in some places. Bench Glacier's transparent layer appears similar to the cold surface layer of polythermal glaciers, however, observations in over 50 boreholes on Bench Glacier suggest there is no cold ice corresponding to the radar transparent layer. We conclude that spatially extensive radar‐transparent layers normally used to identify cold ice in polythermal glaciers are present in some temperate glaciers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimentation at the interface of fluvial geomorphology, stream ecology and hydraulic engineering and the development of an effective, interdisciplinary river science
Authors: Rice Stephen P. , Lancaster Jill , Kemp Paul 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOne ‘2020 vision’ for fluvial geomorphology is that it sits alongside stream ecology and hydraulic engineering as a key element of an integrated, interdisciplinary river science. A challenge to this vision is that scientists from these three communities may approach problems from different perspectives with different questions and have different methodological outlooks. Refining interdisciplinary methodology is important in this context, but raises a number of issues for geomorphologists, ecologists and engineers alike. In particular, we believe that it is important that there is greater dialogue about the nature of mutually‐valued questions and the adoption of mutually‐acceptable methods. As a contribution to this dialogue we examine the benefits and challenges of using physical experimentation in flume laboratories to ask interdisciplinary questions. Working in this arena presents the same challenges that experimental geomorphologists and engineers are familiar with (scaling up results, technical difficulties, realism) and some new ones including recognizing the importance of biological processes, identifying hydraulically meaningful biological groups, accommodating the singular behaviour of individuals and species, understanding biological as well as physical stimuli, and the husbandry and welfare of live organisms. These issues are illustrated using two examples from flume experiments designed (1) to understand how the movement behaviours of aquatic insects through the near‐bed flow field of gravelly river beds may allow them to survive flood events, and (2) how an understanding of the way in which fish behaviours and swimming capability are affected by flow conditions around artificial structures can lead to the design of effective fish passages. In each case, an interdisciplinary approach has been of substantial mutual benefit and led to greater insights than discipline‐specific work would have produced. Looking forward to 2020, several key challenges for experimentalists working on the interface of fluvial geomorphology, stream ecology and hydraulic engineering are identified. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A beetle's eye view of London from the Mesolithic to Late Bronze Age
Authors: Elias Scott A. , Webster Lucy , Amer Marc 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to reconstruct the environmental history of the London region, based on changes in beetle faunal assemblages from the Mesolithic to Late Bronze Age. Eight sites were studied, all but one of which are within 2 km of the modern course of the Thames. The sites produced 128 faunal assemblages that yielded 218 identified species in 41 families of Coleoptera (beetles). Beetle faunas of Mesolithic age indicate extensive wetlands near the Thames, bordered by rich deciduous woodlands. The proportion of woodland species declined in the Neolithic, apparently because of the expansion of wetlands, rather than because of human activities. The Early Bronze Age faunas contained a greater proportion of coniferous woodland and aquatic (standing water) species. An increase in the dung beetle fauna indicates the presence of sheep, cattle and horses, and various beetles associated with crop lands demonstrate the local rise of agriculture, albeit several centuries after the beginnings of farming in other regions of Britain. Late Bronze Age faunas show the continued development of agriculture and animal husbandry along the lower Thames. About 33% of the total identified beetle fauna from the London area sites have limited modern distributions or are extinct in the U.K. Some of these species are associated with the dead wood found in primeval forests; others are wetland species whose habitat has been severely reduced in recent centuries. The third group is stream‐dwelling beetles that require clean, clear waters and river bottoms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anandamide enhances IL‐10 production in activated microglia by targeting CB2receptors: Roles of ERK1/2, JNK, and NF‐κB
Authors: Correa Fernando , Hernangómez Miriam , Mestre Leyre , Loría Frida , Spagnolo Alessandra , Docagne Fabian , Di Marzo Vicenzo , Guaza Carmen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties by regulating cytokine production. Anandamide (AEA) down‐regulates proinflammatory cytokines in a viral model of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the mechanisms by which AEA exerts these effects. Microglial cells are the main source of cytokines within the brain and the first barrier of defense against pathogens by acting as antigen presenting cells. IL‐10 is a key physiological negative regulator of microglial activation. In this study we show that AEA enhances LPS/IFNγ‐induced IL‐10 production in microglia by targeting CB2receptors through the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPKs. AEA also inhibits NF‐κB activation by interfering with the phosphorylation of IκBα, which may result in an increase of IL‐10 production. Moreover, endogenously produced IL‐10 negatively regulates IL‐12 and IL‐23 cytokines, which in its turn modify the pattern of expression of transcription factorsinvolved in Th commitment of splenocytes. This suggeststhat by altering the cytokine network, AEA could indirectly modify the type of immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS). Accordingly, pharmacological modulation of AEA uptake and degradation might be a useful tool for treating neuroinflammatory diseases. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sciatic nerve injury induces apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion satellite glial cells and selectively modifies neurosteroidogenesis in sensory neurons
Authors: Schaeffer Véronique , Meyer Laurence , Patte‐mensah Christine , Eckert Anne , Mensah‐nyagan Ayikoe G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNeurosteroids are synthesized either by glial cells, by neurons, or within the context of neuron‐glia cross‐talk. Various studies suggested neurosteroid involvement in the control of neurodegeneration but there is no evidence showing that the natural protection of nerve cells against apoptosis directly depends on their own capacity to produce neuroprotective neurosteroids. Here, we investigated the interactions between neurosteroidogenesis and apoptosis occurring in sensory structures of rats subjected to neuropathic pain generated by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI). Using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), we observed no apoptotic cells in the spinal cord up to 30 days after CCI although pain symptoms such as mechano‐allodynia, thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia were evidenced with the Hargreaves's behavioral and von Frey filament tests. In contrast, double‐labeling experiments combining TUNEL and immunostaining with antibodies against glutamine synthetase or neuronal nuclei protein revealed apoptosis occurrence in satellite glial cells (SGC) (not in neurons) of CCI rat ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at day 30 after injury. Pulse‐chase experiments coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and flow scintillation detection showed that, among numerous biosynthetic pathways converting [3H]pregnenolone into various [3H]neurosteroids, only [3H]estradiol formation was selectively modified and upregulated in DRG of CCI rats. Consistently, immunohistochemical investigations localized aromatase (estradiol‐synthesizing enzyme) in DRG neurons but not in SGC. Pharmacological inhibition of aromatase caused apoptosis of CCI rat DRG neurons. Altogether, our results suggest that endogenously produced neurosteroids such as estradiol may be pivotal for the protection of DRG sensory neurons against sciatic nerve CCI‐induced apoptosis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Setting of care modifies risk of nursing home placement for older adults with dementia
Authors: Temple April , Andel Ross , Dobbs Debra 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine risk of nursing home (NH) placement among older adults receiving publicly funded home and community‐based services (HCBS) or assisted living (AL) and to explore whether these settings of care modify the relationship between dementia and risk of NH placement.MethodsThe sample consisted of dually eligible Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries age 65 and older who received HCBS (n = 1630) or resided in AL (n = 836) in Florida between July 1999 and June 2000. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate risk of NH placement over a 5‐year study period and to test the interaction of setting of care by dementia status.ResultsIn all, 15% of HCBS participants were placed in a NH compared to 26% of AL participants. As indicated by a significant interaction term in the regression model, setting of care modified the relationship between dementia and NH placement (HR = 0.45, CI = 0.31–0.66). In post hoc analyses stratified by setting of care, dementia was associated with a 50% increased risk of NH placement from HCBS (HR = 1.50, CI = 1.12–2.02) but was not associated with placement from AL (HR = 0.86, CI = 0.63–1.16).ConclusionThe findings suggest that differences in care provided in HCBS and AL may influence subsequent NH placement for older adults with dementia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis and staging of mild cognitive impairment, using a modification of the clinical dementia rating scale: the mCDR
Authors: Duara Ranjan , Loewenstein David A. , Greig‐Custo Maria T. , Raj Ashok , Barker Warren , Potter Elizabeth , Schofield Elizabeth , Small Brent , Schinka John , Wu Yougui , Potter Huntington 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the reliability and validity of the mCDR, a modified version of the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale.MethodsThe mCDR is an informant‐based, technician‐administered, structured interview with multiple choice responses, which does not include objective cognitive testing. Subjects (n = 556) with no cognitive impairment (NCI), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and dementia were assessed with mCDR, CDR, and neuropsychological evaluation, while medial temporal atrophy (MTA) was measured on MRI scans. The mCDR and CDR were compared with respect to inter‐rater reliability, validity, and ability to predict progression in cognitive diagnosis at 12 month follow‐up.ResultsThe mCDR can be administered in less than one third of the time required to administer the CDR (30 min). Inter‐rater reliability (Cohen's weighted κ) was 0.86 for the mCDR and 0.56 for the CDR. Ability to distinguish between NCI, aMCI, and Dementia subjects, and correlations to memory and non‐memory measures were marginally better for the CDR, in comparison to the mCDR. Correlations of mCDR and CDR scores to MTA scores did not differ. Baseline mCDR scores predicted transition from NCI to aMCI, whereas baseline CDR scores predicted transition from aMCI to Dementia.ConclusionsThe mCDR, as compared to the CDR, is briefer and more reliable, and is a valid measure of functional ability among subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and mild dementia. The mCDR should be particularly useful as a reliable and economical instrument for assessing change in functional abilities, especially in multi‐center clinical trials and population studies of MCI and mild dementia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Somatosensory working memory performance in humans depends on both engagement and disengagement of regions in a distributed network
Authors: Haegens Saskia , Osipova Daria , Oostenveld Robert , Jensen Ole 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSuccessful working memory (WM) requires the engagement of relevant brain areas but possibly also the disengagement of irrelevant areas. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to elucidate the temporal dynamics of areas involved in a somatosensory WM task. We found an increase in gamma band activity in the primary and secondary somatosensory areas during encoding and retention, respectively. This was accompanied by an increase of alpha band activity over task‐irrelevant regions including posterior and ipsilateral somatosensory cortex. Importantly, the alpha band increase was strongest during successful WM performance. Furthermore, we found frontal gamma band activity that correlated both with behavioral performance and the alpha band increase. We suggest that somatosensory gamma band activity reflects maintenance and attention‐related components of WM operations, whereas alpha band activity reflects frontally controlled disengagement of task‐irrelevant regions. Our results demonstrate that resource allocation involving the engagement of task‐relevant and disengagement of task‐irrelevant regions is needed for optimal task execution. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Triptolide functions as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor
Authors: He Ming‐Fang , Huang Yi‐Hsien , Wu Li‐Wha , Ge Wei , Shaw Pang‐Chui , But Paul Pui‐Hay 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTriptolide is a key anti‐inflammatory compound of the Chinese herbal medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (Celastraceae). It also possesses potent antitumor activity. In this study, we show that triptolide is an angiogenesis inhibitor based on various angiogenesis assays. The IC50 in in vitro assays was 45 nM, which was much lower than the plasma concentrations of triptolide in the rat or human administered with T. wilfordii extracts for treating inflammation. When dosed in vivo, triptolide potently inhibited angiogenesis at 100 nM in Matrigel plug assay. Triptolide at 0.75 mg/kg/day significantly blocked tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression in murine tumorigenesis assay. The underlying mechanism of triptolide correlated with downregulation of proangiogenic Tie2 and VEGFR‐2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cell by semiquantitative RT‐PCR and western blot analysis. Although Tie2 inhibition appeared to be a later event as compared with VEGFR‐2, Tie2 overexpression significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of triptolide on endothelial proliferation and network formation. By contrast, Tie2 knockdown mimicked the inhibitory effect of triptolide on endothelial network formation. Our findings suggest that antitumor action of triptolide is partly via inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by blocking 2 endothelial receptor‐mediated signaling pathways, and triptolide can be a promising antiangiogenic agent.
European disparities in malignant digestive endocrine tumours survival
Authors: Lepage C. , Ciccolallo L. , De Angelis R. , Bouvier A.M. , Faivre J. , Gatta G. ,   The EUROCARE working group
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to report on malignant digestive endocrine tumours (MDET) prognosis in several European countries. We analysed survival data from 19 cancer registries in 12 European countries on 3,715 MDET diagnosed between 1985 and 1994. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 47.5%. It was 58.1% for differentiated MDET and 8.1% for small‐cell MDET (p < 0.001), 55.9% for patients under 65 and 37.0% for older patients. Survival rates for small intestinal and colorectal were higher than for the other sites. The 5‐year relative survival rates were 60.3% in Northern Europe, 53.6% in Western Continental Europe, 42.5% in the UK, 37.6% in Eastern Europe (p < 0.001). Among well‐differentiated pancreatic tumours, 5‐year relative survival was 55.6% for insulinoma, 48.4% for gastrinoma, 33.4% for glucagonoma, 28.8% for carcinoïd tumours and 49.9% for non‐functioning tumours. The relative excess risk of death was significantly lower in Western Continental Europe and Northern Europe and significantly higher in Easter European compared to the UK. MDET differentiation, site, geographic area, age and sex, were independent prognostic factors. Overall, in Europe approximately half of the patients with MDET survive 5 years after the initial diagnosis. Prognosis varies with tumour differentiation, anatomic site and histological type. There are significant differences in survival from MDET among European countries, independently of other prognostic factors.
Identification of novel hub genes associated with liver metastasis of gastric cancer
Authors: Chang Wenjun , Ma Liye , Lin Liping , Gu Liqiang , Liu Xiaokang , Cai Hui , Yu Yongwei , Tan Xiaojie , Zhai Yujia , Xu Xingxing , Zhang Minfeng , Wu Lingling , Zhang Hongwei , Hou Jianguo , Wang Hongyang , Cao Guangwen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUnderstanding hub genes involved in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis could lead to effective approaches to diagnose and treat cancer metastasis. In this study, 272 differentially expressed genes between synchronous liver metastasis and the paired GC were selected from microarray assays. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that of 13 enriched pathways, 8 were involved in cancer metastasis. Literature‐based annotations showed that the differentially expressed genes significantly enriched known metastasis‐related genes. With the use of protein–protein interaction network, we found a subnetwork significantly enriching the metastasis‐related genes and hubs. Unannotated hubs in this subnetwork were predicted to be novel metastasis‐associated genes. Nine hubs in this subnetwork were validated by using quantitative RT‐PCR, and 4 hubs were further validated by immunohistochemistry. NR4A2 was significantly down‐regulated in synchronous liver metastasis compared with the paired GC at both transcriptional and translational levels. NR4A2 immunostaining was apparent in the mesenchymal cells of pathologically normal gastric mucosa and in the epithelial cells of primary GC. HSP90AA1 was not only up‐regulated in the metastatic GC compared with primary GC at both transcriptional and translational levels, but also up‐regulated in primary GC compared with the normal mucosa at the translational level. NR4A2, NR3C1, ARF3, XAB2, and alternatively spliced variants of NR4A2, SP8 and SP‐novel, were significantly down‐regulated, whereas CCNE1 significantly up‐regulated, in primary GC compared with the normal gastric mucosa. Conclusively, NR4A2 and HSP90AA1 stand out as promising diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for liver metastasis of GC. CCNE1 and NR3C1 indicate primary GC, rather than distant metastasis. © 2009 UICC