bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automatic diagnosis method of power consumption anomaly of station users based on the k-medoids clustering algorithm
Authors: Liu Ningtao , Du Jie , Chang Shiliang , Zheng Ke , Xiao Ji , Zhang Jiaming , Zhou Feng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Obtaining reliable data on electricity consumption can be difficult due to faulty or inaccurate data acquisition equipment. Therefore, a k-medoids clustering algorithm is used to design an automatic diagnosis method of power consumption anomaly. The K-Medoids algorithm was used to cluster the power consumption data of users in the Taiwan area. The data dimensions suitable for automatic diagnosis are screened by the ADF method. Based on this, the power consumption anomaly of the distribution network station area is automatically diagnosed, and the marked power consumption behavior data characteristics are checked step by step to realize the automatic power consumption anomaly diagnosis of station area users. The experimental results show that the K-medoids clustering algorithm can reasonably avoid the influence of transient abnormal data caused by isolated points on the automatic anomaly diagnosis results. For different types of abnormal automatic diagnosis rate of more than 98.6%, can accurately diagnose the abnormal power consumption of users in the station area.
How much methane removal is required to avoid overshooting 1.5 ∘C?
Authors: Smith Chris , Mathison Camilla 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Methane is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. With an atmospheric lifetime of around a decade, methane mitigation starting immediately has the potential to avoid substantial levels of additional warming by mid-century. In addition to the methane emissions reductions that are necessary to limit warming, we address the question of whether technological methane removal can provide additional benefits by avoiding global mean surface temperatures exceeding 1.5 ∘C above pre-industrial—the high-ambition Paris Agreement climate goal. Using an adaptive emissions methane removal routine in a simple climate model, we successfully limit peak warming to 1.5 ∘C for overshoots of up to around 0.3 ∘C. For substantially higher overshoots, methane removal alone is unable to limit warming to 1.5 ∘C, but in an extreme scenario could limit peak warming by an ensemble median 0.7 ∘C if all atmospheric methane was removed, requiring huge levels of net removal on the order of tens of petagrams cumulatively. The efficacy of methane removal depends on many emergent properties of the climate system, including climate sensitivity, aerosol forcing, and the committed warming after net zero CO2 (zero emissions commitment). To avoid overshooting 1.5 ∘C in the low-overshoot, strong-mitigation SSP1-1.9 scenario, a median cumulative methane removal of 1.2 PgCH4 is required, though this may be much higher if climate sensitivity is high or the zero emissions commitment is positive, and in these cases may require ongoing methane removal long after peak warming in order to stabilise warming below 1.5 ∘C.
The role of hydrogen as long-duration energy storage and as an international energy carrier for electricity sector decarbonization
Authors: Shiraishi Kenji , Park Won Young , Kammen Daniel M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With countries and economies around the globe increasingly relying on non-dispatchable variable renewable energy (VRE), the need for effective energy storage and international carriers of low-carbon energy has intensified. This study delves into hydrogen’s prospective, multifaceted contribution to decarbonizing the electricity sector, with emphasis on its utilization as a scalable technology for long-duration energy storage and as an international energy carrier. Using Japan as a case study, based on its ambitious national hydrogen strategy and plans to import liquefied hydrogen as a low-carbon fuel source, we employ advanced models encompassing capacity expansion and hourly dispatch. We explore diverse policy scenarios to unravel the timing, quantity, and operational intricacies of hydrogen deployment within a power system. Our findings highlight the essential role of hydrogen in providing a reliable power supply by balancing mismatches in VRE generation and load over several weeks and months and reducing the costs of achieving a zero-emission power system. The study recommends prioritizing domestically produced hydrogen, leveraging renewables for cost reduction, and strategically employing imported hydrogen as a risk hedge against potential spikes in battery storage and renewable energy costs. Furthermore, the strategic incorporation of hydrogen mitigates system costs and enhances energy self-sufficiency, informing policy design and investment strategies aligned with the dynamic global energy landscape.
Investigation of the effects of polarisation and alignment method of retarders in isoSTED microscopy
Authors: Park Ilkyu , Lee Dong-Ryoung 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a powerful tool for observing subcellular structures beyond the diffraction-limited resolution. To achieve improved isotropic three-dimensional (3D) resolution in STED microscopy, 4Pi-geometry, which is equipped with two opposing objectives, is adopted; this approach is known as isoSTED microscopy. In isoSTED microscopy, constructive and destructive interference occur at the shared focal plane for lateral and axial depletion, respectively. The performance of isoSTED microscopy depends critically on the polarisation status and optical power differences of the two beams of the 4Pi cavity, which are adjusted using retarders. Misalignment of the retarders creates a nonzero core of the depletion focus owing to partial destructive interference. We analytically investigated the effects of retarder misalignments and proposed a simple and accurate alignment method for retarders. We also demonstrate that the proposed method can generate a completely destructive interference pattern and consequently achieve a sub-40-nm 3D resolution.
Hetero-core fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor with ionic liquid gel coating for CO2 sensing
Authors: Kosugi Yoshimi , Suzuki Mitsuhiro , Nishiyama Michiko , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Ida Junichi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fiber-optic CO2 sensors are free of electromagnetic interference and highly resistant to corrosion but often require expensive measurement systems or sophisticated preparation procedures. To address this challenge, we developed a CO2 sensor comprising a hetero-core fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor coated with an ionic liquid (IL) gel as a cost-effective CO2 sensing system. Among the various sensors tested, the sensor using ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]) as the IL, prepared at a pull-up speed of 4.5 mm s−1, showed the best CO2 sensing performance. A hybrid membrane of [EMIM][BF4] and a CO2-absorbing polymer (monoethanolamine) demonstrated higher sensitivity for CO2 concentrations ranging from 0 to 100%. The highlight of the proposed system is its low-cost configuration comprising an 850 nm-wavelength LED and a photodiode as the light source and signal detection device, respectively. Along with facile preparation and low-cost system configuration, the proposed system exhibited significant potential for CO2 sensing in various fields.
Cloud-based serverless computing enables accelerated monte carlo simulations for nuclear medicine imaging
Authors: Bayerlein Reimund , Swarnakar Vivek , Selfridge Aaron , Spencer Benjamin A , Nardo Lorenzo , Badawi Ramsey D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study investigates the potential of cloud-based serverless computing to accelerate Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for nuclear medicine imaging tasks. MC simulations can pose a high computational burden—even when executed on modern multi-core computing servers. Cloud computing allows simulation tasks to be highly parallelized and considerably accelerated. Approach. We investigate the computational performance of a cloud-based serverless MC simulation of radioactive decays for positron emission tomography imaging using Amazon Web Service (AWS) Lambda serverless computing platform for the first time in scientific literature. We provide a comparison of the computational performance of AWS to a modern on-premises multi-thread reconstruction server by measuring the execution times of the processes using between

10

5

and

2
·

10

10

simulated decays. We deployed two popular MC simulation frameworks—SimSET and GATE—within the AWS computing environment. Containerized application images were used as a basis for an AWS Lambda function, and local (non-cloud) scripts were used to orchestrate the deployment of simulations. The task was broken down into smaller parallel runs, and launched on concurrently running AWS Lambda instances, and the results were postprocessed and downloaded via the Simple Storage Service. Main results. Our implementation of cloud-based MC simulations with SimSET outperforms local server-based computations by more than an order of magnitude. However, the GATE implementation creates more and larger output file sizes and reveals that the internet connection speed can become the primary bottleneck for data transfers. Simulating 109 decays using SimSET is possible within 5 min and accrues computation costs of about $10 on AWS, whereas GATE would have to run in batches for more than 100 min at considerably higher costs. Significance. Adopting cloud-based serverless computing architecture in medical imaging research facilities can considerably improve processing times and overall workflow efficiency, with future research exploring additional enhancements through optimized configurations and computational methods.
Analysis of failure mechanism of concrete pole based on finite element extended method
Authors: Lian Li-Ming , Zhang Runfeng , Ma Haishu , Shen Peng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Concrete poles play an important role in distribution networks and are prone to degradation due to environmental influences. Fracture failures primarily result from structural deterioration, including both damage to the concrete structure under stress overload conditions and the deterioration of the concrete material itself. Due to the lower tensile strength compared to compressive strength, concrete structures often exhibit cracking and fractures. This study initially analyzes the structural deterioration process of concrete electric poles and subsequently develops a damaged model using the finite element method. The results reveal that the maximum tensile strength of concrete electric poles occurs at 2.4 m, while the compression is maximum within the 2–6 m range. Furthermore, an analysis of the main factors contributing to fracture failures and structural deteriorations of these poles is conducted using the finite element extension method. It is determined that shallower crack depths and higher concrete strength enhance fracture resistance and the bearing capacity of concrete poles. Notably, annular cracks at the 2.4 m height are more prone to spreading.
NO2 sensing characteristics by α-Fe2O3 nanorod arrays with atomic layer deposited amorphous Al2O3 overlayer
Authors: Dhua Swati , Singh Ashish K , Rani Sanju , Rath Jatin K , Roy Somnath C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We have grown α-Fe2O3 nanorods by solution processing followed by the deposition of Al2O3 overlayer using atomic layer deposition. Al2O3 layer was deposited for two different thicknesses 4 nm and 8 nm and a post-deposition annealing at 550 °C for 2 h in air atmosphere was performed. Crystallinity analysis through x-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that the α-Fe2O3 nanorods crystallized into rhombohedral structure, whereas the outer Al2O3 layers remained largely amorphous. Interestingly, the interface showed signs of AlFexOy formation as observed through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. Gas sensing characteristics were studied using NO2 with 10, 50, and 100 ppm concentrations at operating temperatures of 30 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C and 190 °C. The room temperature sensitivity values obtained in response to 10 ppm NO2 were 31%, which surpassed the previously reported values. A higher concentration of surface adsorbed oxygen on the Al2O3 overlayer, as revealed by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, led to enhanced NO2 sensing at room temperature. A lower activation energy (0.29 eV) of barrier to charge transport for Al2O3 coated α-Fe2O3 nanorods compared to that of bare nanorods (0.45 eV), as calculated from the temperature dependent I-V measurements, supported observation of higher sensitivity at room temperature.
Managing cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease: pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in the Copenhagen CKD Cohort
Authors: Freese Ballegaard Ellen Linnea , Carlson Nicholas , Buus Jørgensen Morten , Sørensen Ida Maria Hjelm , Trankjær Helene , Almarsdóttir Anna Birna , Bro Susanne , Feldt-Rasmussen Bo , Kamper Anne-Lise ,   for The Copenhagen CKD Cohort Study Group
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are substantial in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), guideline-directed treatment of cardiovascular risk factors remains a challenge.

Methods
Observational, cross-sectional study including patients aged 30–75 years with CKD stage 1–5 without kidney replacement therapy from a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic. Data were obtained through patient interview, clinical examination, biochemical work-up, and evaluation of medical records and prescription redemptions. Guideline-directed treatment was evaluated as pharmacological interventions: antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy including adverse effects and adherence estimated as medication possession ratio (MPR); and non-pharmacological interventions: smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity.

Results
The cohort comprised 741 patients, mean age 58 years, 61.4% male, 50.6% CKD stage 3, 61.0% office blood pressure ≤140/90 mmHg. Antihypertensives were prescribed to 87.0%, median number of medications 2 (IQR 1;3), 70.1% received renin–angiotensin system inhibition, 25.9% reported adverse effects. Non-adherence (MPR &lt; 80%) was present in 23.4% and associated with elevated blood pressure (OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.03;2.27)) and increased urinary albumin excretion, P &lt; 0.001. Lipid-lowering treatment was prescribed to 54.0% of eligible patients, 11.1% reported adverse effects, and 28.5% were non-adherent, which was associated with higher LDL cholesterol, P = 0.036. Overall, 19.2% were current smokers, 16.7% overconsumed alcohol according to Danish health authority recommendations 69.3% had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and 38.3% were physically active &lt;4 hours/week. Among patients prescribed antihypertensives, 51.9% reported having received advice on non-pharmacological interventions.

Conclusions
Improved management of cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD entails intensified medical treatment and increased focus on patient adherence and non-pharmacological interventions.
Use of lung ultrasound to assess volume status and its association with physical examination in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Raz Michal Ariela , Grupper Ayelet , Soetendorp Hila , Feder Omri , Amsterdam Dana , Schwartz Doron , Kliuk-Ben Bassat Orit 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Defining the optimal hydration status in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is challenging, and the quest for an objective accurate method continues. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a well-validated technique to estimate volume status. Previous studies examining the relationship between LUS and physical examination demonstrated conflicting results. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between LUS results and physical examination for assessing volume status in patients with CKD, and to compare different LUS protocols.

Methods
A prospective, single-center trial correlating physical examination findings to LUS results in different CKD groups, including non-dialysis and dialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients were tested twice, before and after dialysis, to compare results with ultrafiltration volume. Different LUS protocols were performed and compared, including 16-, 12-, and 8-zone measurements.

Results
We recruited 175 participants. A strong positive correlation was demonstrated between 16- and 12-zone protocols [r = .91 (P &lt; .001)] and between 12- and 8-zone protocols (r = .951, P &lt; .001). Correlation was significant in various CKD groups. While blood pressure did not correlate with LUS score, there was a significant correlation between LUS and other components of the physical examination including lung crackles (OR = 1.15 (95%CI 1.096–1.22), P &lt; .01), pleural effusion (OR = 1.15 (95%CI 1.09–2.13), P &lt; .01) and peripheral edema (r = .24, P &lt; .001). Ultrafiltration volume did not correlate significantly with change in LUS scores pre- and post-dialysis (r = .169, P = .065).

Conclusion
Most components of physical examination findings correlated with extravascular lung water assessment on LUS in CKD patients. The use of a simplified pragmatic LUS protocol may facilitate LUS use in clinical practice.
Individual heterogeneity promotes the evolution of cooperation on temporary networks
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Tu Lilan , Wang Yichao , Yu Xinyi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Social dilemmas are a common issue in human society, which is solved by seeking appropriate mechanisms to achieve cooperative consensus among populations. The rapid development of modern interpersonal engagements has led to shorter durations of social interactions. How to enhance intra-group cooperation in short-time interactions is a crucial evolutionary game problem. In this article, we present a novel tuning function to modulate individuals’ imitation behaviour, which is based on Fermi updating rule. To reflect the individual heterogeneity, a new strategy-updating rule involving individual historical game information, population environment and personality factors is designed. Using temporal networks, Prisoner’s Dilemma game and the strategy-updating rule newly proposed, an example, whose data are derived from face-to-face interactions during the 2009 SFHH conference in Nice, France, is conducted to explore the cooperative evolution characteristics of social groups. Compared to the classical Fermi updating rules, the novel strategy-updating rule significantly increases the frequency of cooperators in a shorter time, performs more stable and is insensitive to temptation parameters in the payoff matrix. The cooperators eventually dominate the entire population. In addition, when the intensity of individual personality inclination is influenced by internal psychology and external environment, it is more conducive to the diffusion of cooperation. Further, external environment is more significant than internal psychology.
Staged hybrid ablation in left atrial appendage aneurysm a rare cause of refractory atrial tachyarrhythmia—a case report
Authors: Mittal Ashish , Navaratnarajah Manoraj , Harden Stephen , Velissaris Theodore , Roberts Paul R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Left atrial appendage aneurysm (LAAA) is a rare cardiac anomaly, which can be congenital or acquired in origin. Because most cases are asymptomatic, it is typically diagnosed incidentally in the second to third decades of life. We present a case of a 28-year-old male with refractory atrial tachyarrhythmias and significantly reduced exercise tolerance. The informed consent was given by patient for this manuscript.

Case summary
We present a case of a 28-year-old male with refractory atrial tachyarrhythmias and significantly reduced exercise tolerance after an episode of COVID respiratory infection. He was referred by primary care physician for management of atrial fibrillation (AF) with CHA2DS2Vasc score zero. He had documented AF and atrial flutter (AFL) resistant to both chemical and electrical cardioversions. Initial portable focused transthoracic echocardiography documented borderline reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in context of AFL. Electrophysiological study confirmed the diagnosis of typical AFL. Successful radiofrequency ablation of cavo-tricuspid isthmus resulted in bidirectional isthmus conduction block. However, patient developed AF, which was electrically cardioverted at the end of procedure. Patient was discharged on bisoprolol, ramipril, and apixaban, and outpatient cardiac MRI was organized to look for post-COVID myocardial scarring. Patient had recurrence of symptoms, and this time it was due to AF. Multimodal imaging led to discovery of LAAA, in which after discussion in multidisciplinary meeting, he was accepted for and managed with surgical resection of LAAA with concomitant Cox-Maze IV procedure. On 9 months post-operative follow up, patient is maintaining sinus rhythm and has completely returned to baseline activities.

Discussion
A young patient with refractory atrial arrhythmia should be referred for multimodal cardiovascular imaging to rule out any structural heart disease. Left atrial appendage aneurysm is rare and can be managed conservatively, but surgical excision is most reported and appears to favour arrhythmia-free survival.
Ten things to remember about propensity scores
Authors: Groenwold Rolf H H , Dekkers Olaf M , le Cessie Saskia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Propensity score methods are popular to control for confounding in observational biomedical studies of risk factors or medical treatments. This paper focused on aspects of propensity score methods that often remain undiscussed, including unmeasured confounding, missing data, variable selection, statistical efficiency, estimands, the positivity assumption, and predictive performance of the propensity score model.