bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Henry Lakenham, Marbler of London, and a Tomb Contract of 1376
Authors: Blair John 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe marblers Richard and Henry Lakenham, perhaps father and son, worked in London during the period c. 1355–87. In 1376 Henry contracted to supply a tomb comprising a freestone effigy resting on a plain marble chest with a moulded ledger and brass shields and inscription. This monument (now lost) seems to have resembled the standard tomb-chests of London ‘series B’ brasses. Henry Lakenham's suggested association with this workshop tradition is strengthened by the fact that William West, a known major producer of ‘B’ brasses in the early fifteenth century, was his apprentice.
Incunabula in the Library of the Society of Antiquaries of London: a Handlist
Authors: Clayton Janet F. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe Society's library has grown considerably in size and stature during the 270 or so years of its existence. Reflecting as it does the tastes of the Fellows, many of whom have been bibliophiles both as collectors and writers, it has inevitably acquired by various means a large number of early printed books. Exactly how many was revealed when a shelf list of those published before 1700 was prepared in 1967. Of those fifty-one are incunabula, and they were thought to be of sufficient interest to be published in this extended list for the benefit of Fellows in general and bibliophiles in particular.
A Bronze Cult-Wagon from Lezoux (Puy-de-Dôme) in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
Authors: Freidin Nicholas 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe three bronze fragments from Lezoux belong to a particular type of cult-wagon manufactured in central Italy in the seventh century B.C. Their presence in Lower Auvergne, together with other largely contemporary Italo-Etruscan bronzes, suggest that they are a result of a commercial exchange in return for tin ores. Such trade links between France and central and northern Italy were close and continuous in the centuries preceding the foundation of Massalia by the Phocaeans in c. 600 B.C. The cult-wagon from Lezoux is a particular central Italian creation drawing on a variety of Urnfield decorative techniques and symbolic motifs from eastern and central Europe. Whether or not the wagon was used at its ultimate destination for the cult practices intended by its creators remains open to debate.
The Excavation of A Red Hill at Peldon, Essex, With Notes on Some Other Sites
Authors: de Brisay Kay 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis description of the structure and function of the salt-making site at Peldon, together with comparable evidence from other sites, demonstrates a degree of specialization within Iron Age society with interesting consequences for any view of social structure. The possibility of trade in salt, over and above production for local needs, must also affect our view of the extent to which economic factors could over-ride the basically tribal organization of Britain at this time.
The Monkton Brooch
Authors: Hawkes Sonia Chadwick 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe Monkton brooch was found in 1971 when mechanical trench digging disturbed a large Anglo-Saxon cemetery north of Monkton village on Thanet, east Kent. It is a large composite disc brooch made of electrum, silver, and gilded bronze, set with garnets, blue glass, and shell Consideration of its design, construction, and very pale, silver-debased, gold suggests that it was made no earlier than c. A.D. 640–50 and is amongst the latest of Kentish composite brooches.
A Roman Barrow at Knob's Crook, Woodlands, Dorset
Authors: Fowler P. J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA small round barrow near Knob's Crook, Woodlands, Dorset, covered three pits, the largest containing a cremation burial accompanied by samian ware dated to C. A.D. 70–85, broken metal and steatite objects, and an unburnt trepanned roundel. A section was cut through the bank and ditch around one of the supposedly Roman barrows at Badbury Rings, Dorset (Appendix I), in re-examining the evidence for Roman barrows in Wessex (Appendix II). For comparison, details of three of the most recently excavated Roman barrows in England have been summarized (Appendix III).
The Excavation of an Iron Age Round Barrow near Handley, Dorset, 1969
Authors: White D. A. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe Handley barrow (no. 19 on Grinsell's list) had a small, low, round mound and a surrounding ditch that was almost square in plan. The mound covered a cremation pyre, among the ashes of which were found potsherds of probable Iron Age date.
July 1878: Lukis and Dryden in Drente
Authors: Bakker J. A. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn 1878 the Society of Antiquaries, acknowledging the need for the protection of prehistoric monuments, delegated the Revd. W. C. Lukis and Sir Henry Dryden to the Netherlands to document the megalithic chamber tombs, or hunebedden, of Drente. In the face of well-meaning but erratic local ‘restoration’, Lukis and Dryden produced plans, descriptions and drawings of forty tombs and pottery from them. Although these remained unpublished, the copies sent to Assen helped to establish the high standard of A. E. van Giffen's Atlas and description of The Hunebeds in the Netherlands (1925, 1927).
Preliminary Report on the Excavation of a Cotswold-Severn Tomb at Hazleton, Gloucestershire
Authors: Saville Alan 
Published: November 2011

SummaryHazleton North Cotswold-Severn tomb was totally excavated between 1979 and 1982. It was shown to be a laterally chambered cairn of complex cellular construction with a blank dry-stone forecourt wall. The two chambered areas, located centrally within the cairn, contained well-preserved burial deposits. Below the cairn the buried soil contained evidence for previous Mesolithic and Neolithic occupation.
Cirencester, 1969–1972: Ninth Interim Report
Authors: McWhirr Alan D. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe 1969–72 excavations have concentrated on two main areas to be affected by the proposed relief road around Cirencester. In insula XII two houses, apparently constructed in the second half of the third century A.D., have been uncovered and planned. A total of twelve mosaics were found in varying states of preservation. Building XII, I was rectangular with a bath suite to the west, whilst the latest phase of XII, 2 resembled the plan of a winged corridor villa. From this building came evidence of iron working. Both buildings continued to be used in the fourth century and there is slight structural evidence suggesting fifth century occupation.To the west of Cirencester excavation of a late Roman cemetery has produced 268 burials, not all of which were complete, and a small number of associated finds. All but one were inhumations and two were in stone coffins. The skeletons have been studied by Dr. C. Wells and a short report on his work is included. Work has also been carried out on a road leading towards the amphitheatre. To the north of this road was a boundary(?) wall. Other excavated sites are mentioned in this report. Several interesting pieces of Roman sculpture were found.Two appendices are included which discuss the mosaics and inscriptions found during the period under review.
The Late Twelfth-Century Rebuilding at Dundrennan Abbey
Authors: Fergusson Peter 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA study of the surviving remains of the Cistercian abbey church of Dundrennan, Kirkcudbright, reveals that the monks undertook a massive remodelling of the eastern portions in the late twelfth century. It was largely confined to the east walls of the transepts, the transept chapels, and the crossing, and was intended to give greater height and space by the addition of a third storey. The inspiration for the new ideas was evidently derived from Cistercian houses in the north of England such as Kirkstead, Roche and Byland.
The Topography of Altars, Chantries and Shrines in York Minster
Authors: Gee Eric 
Published: November 2011

SummaryYork cathedral shows virtually no signs of the existence of chantry chapels or shrines, although there is documentary evidence for as many as sixty altars, dedicated to a bewildering variety of saints and often serving as multiple chantries. There are the remains of a shrine of St. William and possibly also of shrines at the tombs of Archbishops Richard le Scrope and Henry Bowet, but there are no stone chantry chapels like those found at St. Albar's Abbey or Winchester Cathedral, while any wooden parclose screens have long since vanished. This paper is an attempt, based on documentary and physical evidence, to show the location of altars within the cathedral church. Many of these altars were originally founded in the great Romanesque choir which was rebuilt after 1360, and they were suspended in 1364 until repositioned in the new building.
The Kelmscott Manor Volume of Italian Writing-Books
Authors: Osley A. S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryWilliam Morris owned a volume, bound in red morocco and now preserved at Kelmscott Manor, which contains copies of four early printed Italian writing-manuals of the sixteenth century, i.e. La Operina and Il modo de temperare le Penne by Vicentino (Arrighi), Lo presente libro by G. A. Tagliente, and Thesauro de Scrittori by Ugo da Carpi. The article depicts the technical and social environment in which Italian writing-manuals originated, traces the complex printing history of the works mentioned above, and identifies the editions and dates to which they belong. It then shows how the ‘Kelmscott volume’ influenced the contributions of Morris, Emery Walker, Edward Johnston and, more recently, Alfred Fairbank in the fields of manuscript copying, type-design and italic handwriting.
Transitional Justice and Protracted Accountability in Re-democratised Uruguay, 1985–2011
Authors: RONIGER LUIS 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article analyses the protracted process by which democratised Uruguay has come to terms with its legacy of human rights violations. Central to this process has been the nature of Uruguayan transitional policies and their more recent partial unravelling. Due to the negotiated transition to electoral democracy, civilian political elites approached the transitional dilemma of balancing normative expectations and political contingency by promulgating legal immunity, for years avoiding initiatives to pursue trials or launch an official truth commission, unlike neighbouring Argentina. A constellation of national and transnational factors (including recurrent initiatives by social and political forces) eventually opened up new institutional ground for belated truth-telling and accountability for some historical wrongs – and yet, attempts to challenge the blanket legal impunity failed twice through popular consultation and in a recent parliamentary vote. Each time, the government officially projected a narrative that sacralised national consensus and reconciliation, now enshrined in two sovereign popular votes, and the adoption of a forward-looking democratic perspective.
Press Representation of Social Movements: Brazilian Resistance to the Candonga Hydroelectric Dam
Authors: DA SILVA PATRÍCIA PEREIRA , ROTHMAN FRANKLIN DANIEL 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article analyses how the Brazilian Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (Movement of Dam-Affected People, MAB) has been represented in the press, in the context of networks of resistance to large hydroelectric dams in Latin America. We analyse how the press deploys linguistic-discursive resources in producing and constructing meaning and focus in its presentation of news about anti-dam protests. The study analyses print media reporting on anti-dam protests in Minas Gerais between 1998 and 2005, and shows how, at different moments and in different political contexts, representations of social protest have changed and newspaper reports have either ignored, criminalised or provided visibility to MAB in this region.
Predictors and mediators of differences in soft drinks consumption according to gender and plans of further education among Norwegian secondary-school children
Authors: Hilsen Marit , te Velde Saskia J , Bere Elling , Brug Johannes 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo explore mediators of gender and educational differences in sugar-sweetened soft drinks consumption (SDC) and whether gender and level of future education moderate the associations of accessibility, modelling, attitudes and preferences with SDC.DesignA cross-sectional school-based survey within the Fruits and Vegetables Makes the Marks (FVMM) project from 2005.SettingThe questionnaires were completed by the pupils in the classroom guided by a trained project worker during one class session. The questionnaire included questions on SDC (times/week), the potential mediators and moderators. Multilevel linear regression models were used to calculate the mediating and moderating effects.SubjectsA total of 2870 children in 9th and 10th grade (mean age 15·5 years) at thirty-three Norwegian secondary schools were included in the present study.ResultsGirls (B = −1·06) and pupils planning higher education (B = −0·69) reported lower frequency of SDC. The strongest mediators were accessibility and modelling for future educational plans differences (explaining alone respectively 69 % and 44 %) and attitudes and preferences for gender differences (explaining alone respectively 57 % and 51 %). Significant but small moderating effects were found, and all associations between the mediators and SDC were in the same direction for both genders and for those with and without plans of higher future education.ConclusionsPreferences and modelling may contribute to gender and educational differences in SDC. The small moderating effects indicate that interventions aiming to reduce SDC can target the same mediators for boys and girls and children planning different levels of future education.
Assessment of evaluations made to healthy eating policies in Europe: a review within the EATWELL Project
Authors: Pérez-Cueto Federico JA , Aschemann-Witzel Jessica , Shankar Bhavani , Brambila-Macias José , Bech-Larsen Tino , Mazzocchi Mario , Capacci Sara , Saba Anna , Turrini Aida , Niedzwiedzka Barbara , Piorecka Beata , Kozioł-Kozakowska Agniezska , Wills Josephine , Traill W Bruce , Verbeke Wim 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and assess healthy eating policies at national level which have been evaluated in terms of their impact on awareness of healthy eating, food consumption, health outcome or cost/benefit.DesignReview of policy documents and their evaluations when available.SettingEuropean Member States.SubjectsOne hundred and twenty-one policy documents revised, 107 retained.ResultsOf the 107 selected interventions, twenty-two had been evaluated for their impact on awareness or knowledge and twenty-seven for their impact on consumption. Furthermore sixteen interventions provided an evaluation of health impact, while three actions specifically measured any cost/benefit ratio. The indicators used in these evaluations were in most cases not comparable. Evaluation was more often found for public information campaigns, regulation of meals at schools/canteens and nutrition education programmes.ConclusionsThe study highlights the need not only to develop harmonized and verifiable procedures but also indicators for measuring effectiveness and success and for comparing between interventions and countries. EU policies are recommended to provide a set of indicators that may be measured consistently and regularly in all countries. Furthermore, public information campaigns should be accompanied by other interventions, as evaluations may show an impact on awareness and intention, but rarely on consumption patterns and health outcome.
A case for landing on the moon's farside to test nitrogen abundances
Authors: Chela-Flores J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA high research priority in astrobiology is the search and eventual identification of biomarkers in the Solar System. In spite of numerous steps forward, lunar science remains largely disjoint from the main stream of astrobiology, but in recent years the Moon has begun to emerge as a novel target for astrobiologists. We discuss an overlap between lunar geology and terrestrial geomicrobiology that arises from analysis of lunar soils and some uncertainties in chemical evolution and the origin of life scenarios. Unexpected isotopic heterogeneity of nitrogen (N) was found to be remarkable in samples from Apollo and the Luna programme. Both the stable isotope geochemical data of the biogenic elements, as well as the noble gases trapped in lunar soils added valuable new and relevant data. These discoveries are potential sources of information on early Earth evolution. The elusive ratio of N's two stable isotopes15N/14N has played a fundamental role in this research. The analysis of individual grains of ilmenite suggests that 90% of all the trapped N does not originate from solar wind (SW). We discuss the significance of these stable isotopes from the point of view of astrobiology in the light of the next generation of lunar exploration. We underline the high priority of testing the origin of non-solar N source trapped in the regolith of the lunar farside. In the proposals of new lunar missions, the characterization of the geochemistry at several lunar sites is a major objective. Some arguments are presented in favour of using novel space technologies in a search for biomarkers in geographical distinct lunar landing sites. We restrict our attention to one aspect of the science requirements for the forthcoming missions by focusing on a very limited objective: to take a closer look at the geochemical characterization of the chemical element N on the soils of the lunar farside.
In Silico Characterization of Tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus (ToLCJV) DNA-A Proteins
Authors: Prajapat Rajneesh , Marwal Avinash , Sahu Anurag , Gaur Rajarshi Kumar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe retrieved six protein sequences of Tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus (ToLCJV) DNA-A [FJ345402] from GenBank-NCBI (ACJ03821, ACJ03822, ACJ03823, ACJ03824, ACJ03825 and ACJ03826) which were used for computational modeling structure prediction. Ramachandran plot of ACJ03826-AC4 had maximum 73.3% and ACJ03822-AV1 had 71% residues in core region therefore these models cannot be placed in a good quality category. ACJ03824-AC2 had only 18.6% residues in core and 13.6% residues in disallowed regions and therefore it was the least stable protein. Verify-3D graph profile scores for selected ToLCJV proteins were greater than zero. Therefore all the verify-3D graph corresponds to an acceptable environment for the model. Findings of the present study provide a base for docking and In-Silico anti-Begomoviral compound designing.
Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated With Vitamin K–deficiency Bleeding in Patients With Biliary Atresia
Authors: Alatas Fatima S. , Hayashida Makoto , Matsuura Toshiharu , Saeki Isamu , Yanagi Yusuke , Taguchi Tomoaki 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim:The prophylactic oral administration of vitamin K to newborns has markedly reduced the incidence of vitamin K deficiency (VKD); however, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is still one of the complications found in biliary atresia (BA) patients and is associated with VKD bleeding. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incidence and long‐term outcome of ICH in patients with BA who previously received prophylactic vitamin K during the neonatal period.Methods:Eighty‐eight consecutive infants with BA were treated and followed up at Kyushu University Hospital from 1979 to 2009. The clinical records and imaging study results were retrospectively reviewed in the infants with BA who presented with ICH.Results:ICH occurred in 7.95% of patients with BA. The onset of ICH occurred at 47 to 76 days after birth, before the patients underwent surgery for BA (9–37 days after the onset of ICH). Coagulopathy was found upon admission in all of the cases with available data and improved after intravenous administration of vitamin K. A craniotomy was required in 2 cases before the surgery for BA. During the 22 to 278 months of follow‐up, some neurologic sequelae persisted in 5 of 7 cases. Follow‐up head computed tomography scans showed a low‐density area in the left hemisphere in 5 cases.Conclusions:Although vitamin K prophylaxis had been given during the neonatal period, ICH‐associated VKD bleeding was still found in 7.95% of patients with BA. Persistent neurologic sequelae were found in 5 of 7 cases, with low‐density area in the left hemisphere.
Cell Walls of Developing Wheat Starchy Endosperm: Comparison of Composition and RNA-Seq Transcriptome
Authors: Pellny Till K. , Lovegrove Alison , Freeman Jackie , Tosi Paola , Love Christopher G. , Knox J. Paul , Shewry Peter R. , Mitchell Rowan A.C. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The transcriptome of the developing starchy endosperm of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) was determined using RNA-Seq isolated at five stages during grain fill. This resource represents an excellent way to identify candidate genes responsible for the starchy endosperm cell wall, which is dominated by arabinoxylan (AX), accounting for 70% of the cell wall polysaccharides, with 20% (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan, 7% glucomannan, and 4% cellulose. A complete inventory of transcripts of 124 glycosyltransferase (GT) and 72 glycosylhydrolase (GH) genes associated with cell walls is presented. The most highly expressed GT transcript (excluding those known to be involved in starch synthesis) was a GT47 family transcript similar to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) IRX10 involved in xylan extension, and the second most abundant was a GT61. Profiles for GT43 IRX9 and IRX14 putative orthologs were consistent with roles in AX synthesis. Low abundances were found for transcripts from genes in the acyl-coA transferase BAHD family, for which a role in AX feruloylation has been postulated. The relative expression of these was much greater in whole grain compared with starchy endosperm, correlating with the levels of bound ferulate. Transcripts associated with callose (GSL), cellulose (CESA), pectin (GAUT), and glucomannan (CSLA) synthesis were also abundant in starchy endosperm, while the corresponding cell wall polysaccharides were confirmed as low abundance (glucomannan and callose) or undetectable (pectin) in these samples. Abundant transcripts from GH families associated with the hydrolysis of these polysaccharides were also present, suggesting that they may be rapidly turned over. Abundant transcripts in the GT31 family may be responsible for the addition of Gal residues to arabinogalactan peptide.