bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome as a major contributor to death in patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection
Authors: Beutel Gernot , Wiesner Olaf , Eder Matthias , Hafer Carsten , Schneider Andrea S , Kielstein Jan T , Kühn Christian , Heim Albert , Ganzenmüller Tina , Kreipe Hans-Heinrich , Haverich Axel , Tecklenburg Andreas , Ganser Arnold , Welte Tobias , Hoeper Marius M 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) is a severe complication of various viral infections often resulting in multiorgan failure and death. The purpose of this study was to describe baseline characteristics, development of VAHS, related treatments and associated mortality rate of consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection and respiratory failure.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study of 25 critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection at a single-center intensive care unit in Germany between 5 October 2009 and 4 January 2010. Demographic data, comorbidities, diagnosis of VAHS, illness progression, treatments and survival data were collected. The primary outcome measure was the development of VAHS and related mortality. Secondary outcome variables included duration of mechanical ventilation, support of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and duration of viral shedding.

Results
VAHS developed in 9 (36%) of 25 critically ill patients with confirmed 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection, and 8 (89%) of them died. In contrast, the mortality rate in the remaining 16 patients without VAHS was 25% (P = 0.004 for the survival difference in patients with or without VAHS by log-rank analysis). The patients were relatively young (median age, 45 years; interquartile range (IQR), 35 to 56 years of age); however, 18 patients (72%) presented with one or more risk factors for a severe course of illness. All 25 patients received mechanical ventilation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and refractory hypoxemia, with a median duration of mechanical ventilation of 19 days (IQR, 13 to 26 days). An additional 17 patients (68%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for a median of 10 days (IQR, 6 to 19 days).

Conclusions
The findings of this study raise the possibility that VAHS may be a frequent complication of severe 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection and represents an important contributor to multiorgan failure and death.
Postnatal depression in women after unsuccessful attempted
abortion
Authors: Ludermir Ana Bernarda , Araya Ricardo , de Araújo Thália Velho Barreto , Valongueiro Sandra Alves , Lewis Glyn 
Published: March 2011

SummaryA population-based cohort study investigated postnatal depression in
Brazilian women who attempted an abortion. Participants' views and actions
on abortion were assessed during pregnancy and postnatal depression was
evaluated with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. An unsuccessful
abortion attempt was associated with postnatal depression (adjusted OR =
1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.5). In Brazil abortion is illegal under most
circumstances.
Pharmacological interventions for people with depression and chronic physical health problems: systematic review and meta-analyses of safety and efficacy
Authors: Taylor David , Meader Nicholas , Bird Victoria , Pilling Steve , Creed Francis , Goldberg David 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAntidepressant drugs are widely used in the treatment of depression in people with chronic physical health problems.AimsTo examine evidence related to efficacy, tolerability and safety of antidepressants for people with depression and with chronic physical health problems.MethodMeta-analyses of randomised controlled efficacy trials of antidepressants in depression in chronic physical health conditions. Systematic review of safety studies.ResultsSixty-three studies met inclusion criteria (5794 participants). In placebo-controlled studies, antidepressants showed a significant advantage in respect to remission and/or response: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) risk ratio (RR) = 0.81 (95% CI 0.73–0.91) for remission, RR = 0.83 (95% CI 0.71–0.97) for response; tricyclics RR = 0.70 (95% CI 0.40–1.25 (not significant)) for remission, RR = 0.55 (95% 0.43–0.70) for response. Both groups of drugs were less well tolerated than placebo (leaving study early due to adverse effects) for SSRIs RR = 1.80 (95% CI 1.16–2.78), for tricyclics RR = 2.00 (95% CI 0.99–3.57). Only SSRIs were shown to improve quality of life. Direct comparisons of SSRIs and tricyclics revealed no advantage for either group for remission, response, effect size or tolerability. Effectiveness studies suggest a neutral or beneficial effect on mortality for antidepressants in participants with recent myocardial infarction.ConclusionsAntidepressants are efficacious and safe in the treatment of depression occurring in the context of chronic physical health problems. The SSRIs are probably the antidepressants of first choice given their demonstrable effect on quality of life and their apparent safety in cardiovascular disease.
Longitudinal neuroimaging correlates of subjective memory impairment: 4-year prospective community study
Authors: Stewart Robert , Godin Ophélia , Crivello Fabrice , Maillard Pauline , Mazoyer Bernard , Tzourio Christophe , Dufouil Carole 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundComplaints about memory are common in older people but their relationship with underlying brain changes is controversial.AimsTo investigate the relationship between subjective memory impairment and previous or subsequent changes in white matter lesions and brain volumes.MethodIn a community cohort study of 1336 people without dementia, 4-year changes in brain magnetic resonance imaging measures were investigated as correlates of subjective memory impairment at baseline and follow-up.ResultsSubjective memory impairment at baseline was associated with subsequent change in hippocampal volume and at follow-up impairment was associated with previous change in hippocampal, cerebrospinal fluid and grey matter volume and with subcortical white matter lesion increases. All associations with volume changes were U-shaped with significant quadratic terms – associations between least decline and subjective memory impairment were potentially explained by lower baseline hippocampal volumes in the groups with least volume change. Associations between hippocampal volume change and subjective memory impairment at follow-up were independent of cognitive decline and depressive symptoms, they were stronger in participants with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ∊4 allele and in those without baseline subjective memory impairment.ConclusionsComplaints of poor memory by older people, particularly when new, may be a realistic subjective appraisal of recent brain changes independent of observed cognitive decline.
Prevalence of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents with
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Hassan Amani , Agha Sharifah Shameem , Langley Kate , Thapar Anita 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundSome research suggests that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) have a higher than expected risk of bipolar affective
disorder. No study has examined the prevalence of bipolar disorder in a
UK sample of children with ADHD.AimsTo examine the prevalence of bipolar disorder in children diagnosed with
ADHD or hyperkinetic disorder.MethodPsychopathology symptoms and diagnoses of bipolar disorder were assessed
in 200 young people with ADHD (170 male, 30 female; age 6–18 years, mean
11.15, s.d. = 2.95). Rates of current bipolar disorder symptoms and
diagnoses are reported. A family history of bipolar disorder in parents
and siblings was also recorded.ResultsOnly one child, a 9-year-old boy, met diagnostic criteria for both ICD–10
hypomania and DSM–IV bipolar disorder not otherwise specified.ConclusionsIn a UK sample of children with ADHD a current diagnosis of bipolar
disorder was uncommon.
Psychiatric history and subthreshold symptoms as predictors of the occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorder within 2 years
Authors: Karsten Julie , Hartman Catharina A. , Smit Johannes H. , Zitman Frans G. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Cuijpers Pim , van der Does A. J. Willem , Ormel Johan , Nolen Willem A. , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundPast episodes of depressive or anxiety disorders and subthreshold symptoms have both been reported to predict the occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorders. It is unclear to what extent the two factors interact or predict these disorders independently.AimsTo examine the extent to which history, subthreshold symptoms and their combination predict the occurrence of depressive (major depressive disorder, dysthymia) or anxiety disorders (social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder) over a 2-year period.MethodThis was a prospective cohort study with 1167 participants: the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Anxiety and depressive disorders were determined with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, subthreshold symptoms were determined with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self Report and the Beck Anxiety Inventory.ResultsOccurrence of depressive disorder was best predicted by a combination of a history of depression and subthreshold symptoms, followed by either one alone. Occurrence of anxiety disorder was best predicted by both a combination of a history of anxiety disorder and subthreshold symptoms and a combination of a history of depression and subthreshold symptoms, followed by any subthreshold symptoms or a history of any disorder alone.ConclusionsA history and subthreshold symptoms independently predicted the subsequent occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorder. Together these two characteristics provide reasonable discriminative value. Whereas anxiety predicted the occurrence of an anxiety disorder only, depression predicted the occurrence of both depressive and anxiety disorders.
Will the child with mania please stand up?
Authors: Carlson Gabrielle A. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryRates of bipolar disorder in any sample will depend on the sample studied,
the interview used, with whom, how the information is integrated, the
criteria applied, and the conceptualisation of a manic episode and its
symptoms. A cross-national diagnostic study is needed to determine the
implications of different approaches and definitions.
Contribution and legacy of John Wing, 1923–2010
Authors: Brugha Traolach S. , Wing Lorna , Cooper John , Sartorius Norman 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe death of Professor John Wing, one of the giants of 20th-century British
and world psychiatry, rightly deserves to be marked by a tribute in the
British Journal of Psychiatry. This article has been
prepared by four people who knew John personally and through his work, his
partner in private and work life, a colleague in Great Britain and one
abroad and a pupil, which are set out as four separate contributions. John
was born on 22 October 1923. He died on 18 April 2010, aged 87.
Internet-based cognitive–behavioural therapy for severe health anxiety: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hedman Erik , Andersson Gerhard , Andersson Erik , Ljótsson Brjánn , Rück Christian , Asmundson Gordon J. G. , Lindefors Nils 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundHypochondriasis, characterised by severe health anxiety, is a common condition associated with functional disability. Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective but not widely disseminated treatment for hypochondriasis. Internet-based CBT, including guidance in the form of minimal therapist contact via email, could be a more accessible treatment, but no study has investigated internet-based CBT for hypochondriasis.AimsTo investigate the efficacy of internet-based CBT for hypochondriasis.MethodA randomised controlled superiority trial with masked assessment comparing internet-based CBT (n= 40) over 12 weeks with an attention control condition (n= 41) for people with hypochondriasis. The primary outcome measure was the Health Anxiety Inventory. This trial is registrated with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00828152).ResultsParticipants receiving internet-based CBT made large and superior improvements compared with the control group on measures of health anxiety (between-group Cohen'sdrange 1.52–1.62).ConclusionsInternet-based CBT is an efficacious treatment for hypochondriasis that has the potential to increase accessibility and availability of CBT for hypochodriasis.
From home treatment to crisis resolution: the impact of national targets
Authors: Harrison Judy , Rajashankar Sheethal , Davidson Simon 
Published: March 2011

Aims and methodThe home treatment service in central Manchester was established in 1997 to provide an alternative to in-patient care: referrals were only taken from secondary care services. In order to meet national crisis resolution and home treatment (CRHT) activity targets, referral routes were extended to primary care from 2008. To examine the impact of these changes, details of all referrals to the service were collected for a 6-month period in 2008/2009. Referral sources, demographic details and diagnosis were compared with similar data from 2005.ResultsThere was a marked increase in the number of individuals accepted by the service in 2008/2009 with a corresponding reduction in duration of contact. Primary care referrals were not accepted in 2005 but accounted for 20% of people treated in 2008/2009. This was mirrored by a change in diagnostic profile, with the proportion of individuals with mild to moderate illness increasing from 25 to 50%. In 2005, 70% of individuals treated had complex care needs compared with 39% in 2008/2009.Clinical implicationsThe strict imposition of numerical activity targets can have a significant impact on service delivery. Although more individuals have been treated under the new arrangements, the emphasis has shifted away from the intensive care of those with severe mental illness.
‘Gentlemen, we have no money therefore we must think’ – mental health services in hard times
Authors: Holloway Frank 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIn common with all elements of public services, mental healthcare in England faces a troubling and uncertain future. Two things, however, are certain: demographic trends ensure that demand will rise and harsh economic realities dictate that resources will in real terms shrink. In order to cope with these challenges, commissioners and providers will have to review very critically all aspects of the mental health system, including those that are currently fashionable. There is a need to identify and promote activities that are evidence-based and effective and to jettison practices and services that lack an evidence base.
Efficient Mannich Reaction Using Iminium Salts Generated from Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Kusunoki Toshiki , Yoshida Mari , Kondo Koichi , Mizota Isao 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Iminium salts generated by the oxidation of amino ketene silyl acetals underwent a facile Mannich reaction with another ketene silyl acetal to give aspartic acid derivatives in good yields. The diastereoselectivities were controlled to some extent by using an appropriate isomer of ketene silyl (thio)acetals.
Photocatalytic Mineralization of Acetic Acid in Aqueous Suspension of Metal-loaded Cerium(IV) Oxide under Irradiation of Visible Light
Authors: Tanaka Atsuhiro , Hashimoto Keiji , Kominami Hiroshi 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Photocatalytic activity of cerium(IV) oxide (CeO2) particles in decomposition of acetic acid in aqueous suspension was examined under irradiation of visible light. Acetic acid was decomposed to carbon dioxide (CO2) and the rate of CO2 formation was increased by loading of 0.1 wt % cocatalysts (Pt, Au, Rh, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cu, and Ir) on CeO2 by photodeposition. Cocatalysts showed almost the same levels of enhancement of CO2 evolution, i.e., Ag/CeO2 and Cu/CeO2 exhibited rates similar to that of Pt/CeO2. The action spectrum revealed that decomposition of acetic acid was induced by photoabsorption of CeO2.
Bismuthtriflate-catalyzed Reaction of N-Alkylisatins with Allyltrimethylsilane
Authors: Meshram Harhadas M , Ramesh Palakuri , Reddy B Chennakesava , Kumar G Santosh 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
An efficient and general method has been described for the synthesis of 3-allyl-3-hydroxyoxindole by the reaction of isatins with allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of Bi(OTf)3·4H2O. The method is catalytic and suitable for the preparation of functionalized 3-allyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles.
Effective Depolymerization of Nylon-6 in Wet Supercritical Hydrocarbons
Authors: Kaiso Kouji , Sugimoto Tsunemi , Kashiwagi Kohichi , Kamimura Akio 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Treatment of nylon-6 with supercritical toluene in the presence of small amounts of water resulted in an effective conversion of polyamide to give ε-caprolactam in quantitative yield. The presence of a small amount of water is critical for the progress of the reaction; completely anhydrous conditions failed to achieve depolymerization. ε-Caprolactam was readily isolated after the removal of toluene under reduced pressure. The present method can serve as a useful treatment for the effective chemical recycling of waste plastics. The combined use of hydrocarbon and water is a new technique to control the reactivity of high-temperature water.
Impact of multilayered compression bandages on sub-bandage interface pressure: a model
Authors: Al Khaburi J , Nelson E A , Hutchinson J , Dehghani-Sanij A A 
Published: March 2011

Background Multi-component medical compression bandages are widely used to treat venous leg ulcers. The sub-bandage interface pressures induced by individual components of the multi-component compression bandage systems are not always simply additive. Current models to explain compression bandage performance do not take account of the increase in leg circumference when each bandage is applied, and this may account for the difference between predicted and actual pressures. Objective To calculate the interface pressure when a multi-component compression bandage system is applied to a leg. Method Use thick wall cylinder theory to estimate the sub-bandage pressure over the leg when a multi-component compression bandage is applied to a leg. Results A mathematical model was developed based on thick cylinder theory to include bandage thickness in the calculation of the interface pressure in multi-component compression systems. In multi-component compression systems, the interface pressure corresponds to the sum of the pressures applied by individual bandage layers. However, the change in the limb diameter caused by additional bandage layers should be considered in the calculation. Adding the interface pressure produced by single components without considering the bandage thickness will result in an overestimate of the overall interface pressure produced by the multi-component compression systems. At the ankle (circumference 25 cm) this error can be 19.2% or even more in the case of four components bandaging systems. Conclusion Bandage thickness should be considered when calculating the pressure applied using multi-component compression systems.
Femoral vein duplication: incidence and potential significance
Authors: Paraskevas P 
Published: March 2011

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of femoral vein duplication and the incidence of bilateral anomalies in a normal cohort of patients presenting with varicose veins. Methods Two hundred and forty patients underwent bilateral lower limb deep venous ultrasound examination with particular attention to the femoropopliteal segment. Results The incidence of femoral vein duplication was 41%. Of the 140 people with femoral vein duplications, 60 (42%) were bilateral and 80 (57%) were unilateral. Conclusion Femoral vein duplication is a common anatomical variant of the lower limb deep venous system. Ultrasound in skilled and experienced hands with the latest ultrasound units can readily demonstrate this venous anomaly on a consistent basis.
Warfarin-Cranberry Juice Interaction
Authors: Hamann Gale L , Campbell Jennifer D , George Christa M 
Published: March 2011

Objective: To report a case of warfarin-cranberry juice interaction, which resulted in an international normalized ratio (INR) elevation on 2 separate occasions. Case Summary: A 46-year-old female was receiving a total weekly dose of 56 mg of warfarin. During the 4 months prior to the incident INR. her average INR was 2.0. with a range of 1.6-2.2, while taking the same weekly dose of warfarin. Her INR increased to 4.6 after drinking approximately 1.5 quarts (1420 mL) of cranberry juice cocktail daily for 2 days. Her INR 14 days later without cranberry juice cocktail consumption was 2.3. For the next 3 months, while taking warfarin 56 mg per week, her average INR was 2.1, with a range of 1.4-2.5. At a subsequent visit, after drinking approximately 2 quarts (1S93 mL) of cranberry juice cocktail daily for 3-4 days, her INR had increased to 6.5. Her INR after holding warfarin for 3 days was 1.86. Her INR 7 days after resuming the weekly dose of warfarin 56 mg was 3.2. During both of the elevated INR episodes, no other factors were identified that would have resulted in an elevated INR, such as drug, herbal, disease, or other food interactions. An objective causality assessment revealed the interaction was highly probable. Discussion: Warfarin is the most commonly used anticoagulant for chronic therapy. There have been several case reports of cranberry juice or cranberry sauce potentiating the effects of warfarin by elevating the INR; however, clinical trials evaluating this interaction have failed to demonstrate a significant effect on an INR. Conclusions: Our case report describes INR elevations in a patient previously stable on warfarin after ingestion of cranberry juice cocktail daily for several days. This elevation occurred on 2 separate occasions, which distinguishes our case from other published literature.
Linear Combination Test for Hierarchical Gene Set Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Dinu Irina , Liu Wei , Yasui Yutaka 
Published: March 2011

Gene-set analysis (GSA) aims to identify sets of differentially expressed genes by a phenotype in DNA microarray studies. Challenges occur due to the salient characteristics of the data: (1) the number of genes is far larger than the number of observations; (2) gene expression measurements, especially within each gene set, can be highly correlated; and (3) the number of gene sets that can be examined is large and increasing rapidly. These challenges call for gene-set testing procedures that have both efficiency in computation for large GSAs and high power in the presence of the high correlation.We propose a new GSA approach called Linear Combination Test (LCT), incorporating the covariance matrix estimator of gene expression into the test statistic. The proposed LCT and two other GSA methods, a mod-ification of Hotelling’s T2 using a shrinkage covariance matrix and our SAM-GS (Dinu et. al. 2007), the two methods that have been reported by Tsai and Chen (2009) to perform best in terms of power, are evaluated in simulation studies and a real microarray study. The LCT method is more computationally efficient than the modified Hotelling’s T2 and approximates the superb power of the modified Hotelling’s T2. LCT is slightly faster than SAM-GS, but more powerful, due to incorporating the covariance matrix estimator. An extra step to enhance the interpretation of GSA results is also proposed in the form of a hierarchical LC (HLC) testing procedure, providing scientists useful hierarchical information on gene sets that LCT identified as differentially expressed.Availability: A free R-code to perform LCT-GSA and HLC test is available at http://www.ualberta.ca/~yyasui/homepage.html.