bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A THEOREM ON DERIVATIONS ON PRIME RINGS
Authors: LIU KUN-SHAN 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLet R be a prime ring, let I be a nonzero ideal of R and let n be a fixed positive integer. We prove that if the characteristic of R is either 0 or a prime p that is greater than 2n, then an additive map d that satisfies d(xn+1)=∑ nj=0xn−jd(x)xj for all x∈I must be a derivation.
A FLAT LAGUERRE PLANE OF KLEINEWILLINGHÖFER TYPE V
Authors: SCHILLEWAERT JEROEN , STEINKE GÜNTER F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Kleinewillinghöfer types of Laguerre planes reflect the transitivity properties of certain groups of central automorphisms. Polster and Steinke have shown that some of the conceivable types for flat Laguerre planes cannot exist and given models for most of the other types. The existence of only a few types is still in doubt. One of these is type V.A.1, whose existence we prove here. In order to construct our model, we make systematic use of the restrictions imposed by the group. We conjecture that our example belongs to a one-parameter family of planes all of type V.A.1.
THE GENERALIZED WITT MODULAR LIE SUPERALGEBRA OF CARTAN TYPE
Authors: DONG YAN-QIN , ZHANG YONG-ZHENG , EBONZO ANGELO 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe construct the generalized Witt modular Lie superalgebra $\tilde {W}$ of Cartan type. We give a set of generators for $\tilde {W}$ and show that $\tilde {W}$ is an extension of a subalgebra of $\tilde {W}$ by an ideal $\overline {J} $. Finally, we describe the homogeneous derivations of Z-degree of $\tilde {W}$ and we determine the derivation superalgebra of $\tilde {W}$.
Dopamine D3 receptor gene variation: impact on electroconvulsive therapy response and ventral striatum responsiveness in depression
Authors: Dannlowski Udo , Domschke Katharina , Birosova Eva , Lawford Bruce , Young Ross , Voisey Joanne , Morris C. Phillip , Suslow Thomas , Konrad Carsten , Kugel Harald , Ohrmann Patricia , Bauer Jochen , Schöning Sonja , Zavorotnyy Maxim , Diemer Julia , Arolt Volker , Baune Bernhard T. , Zwanzger Peter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDysfunction of dopamine D3 receptors, particularly in the mesocorticolimbic system, has been linked to the pathogenesis of major depression. Preclinical data show enhanced D3 receptor binding in the striatum upon antidepressant medication and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Thus, the potential impact of dopamine D3 receptor gene (DRD3) variation on ECT outcome in treatment-resistant major depression was evaluated by applying a combined molecular and imaging genetic approach. Altogether, 10 representative variants covering 95.4% of DRD3 gene variation were investigated for association with response to ECT in a sample of 104 (71 female, 33 male) Caucasian patients with pharmacorefractory major depression. Additionally, ventral striatum responsiveness to happy faces was assessed in two independent samples of depressed patients (total N=54) by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Significant association of DRD3 rs3732790, rs3773679 and rs9817063 variants with response (uncorrected p=0.02–0.03) and remission (uncorrected p=0.01) after ECT was discerned. Logistic regression analyses revealed association of rs3732790 (uncorrected p=0.009; corrected p=0.045) and rs3773679 (uncorrected p=0.009; corrected p=0.045) with remission when applying a recessive model of inheritance. The rs3732790T allele conferring a more favourable treatment response was furthermore found to be associated with stronger striatal responsiveness to happy facial expressions (sample 1: cluster-corrected p=0.002; sample 2: p=0.023). In summary, the present study suggests some impact of DRD3 gene variation on ECT response, potentially mediated by alteration of striatal engagement during the processing of emotionally rewarding stimuli.
Funding coastal impact assistance plans
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

Six U.S. states have received a combined $127 million to assist them in mitigating impacts of oil and gas development and production on the Outer Continental Shelf, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced on 20 December.The funds, which are congressionally appropriated grants from the Coastal Impact Assistance Program, will help with coastal research and monitoring, controlling erosion, and restoring habitat.
A better lunar yardstick
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

Since the mid‐1980s, scientists have measured the approximately 384,140 kilometers distance from the center of the Moon to the center of Earth to a margin of about 2 centimeters. But Tom Murphy, a University of Washington (UW) postdoctoral researcher in physics and astronomy wants an even more precise measurement.In acquiring the improved distance measure, Murphy and his UW team—astronomy professor Christopher Stubbs, physics professor Eric Adelberger, and physics graduate student Jana Strasburg—will perform one of the most sensitive tests ever done on several features of gravity. They will test Einstein's equivalence principal which concerns the acceleration of bodies of different composition and the variability of the strength of gravitational interaction. The team also will be undertaking a feasibility study for performing laser‐ranging experiments from space.
Catching lightning
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

Before 1995, researchers working with ground‐based lightning detectors had an approximate understanding of global lightning patterns. But with two recent satellite‐based optical sensors, NASA scientists are learning more about exactly where lightning strikes.“For the first time, we have been able to map the global distribution of lightning, noting its variation as a function of latitude, longitude, and time of year,” said Hugh Christian, a scientist with NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, and project leader for the lightning team at the National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC) in Huntsville.
Mountain regions in peril
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

The United Nations has declared 2002 the International Year of Mountains (IYM) to bring attention to a number of threats that affect ecosystems and human populations in mountainous and highland regions around the world.“More than half of humanity—3 billion people—relies on mountains for safe, fresh water, water to grow food, to produce electricity to sustain industries and, most important, water to drink,“ said Jacques Diouf, director‐general of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, the primary IYM sponsor. “Yet, mountain glaciers, the source of water for many of the world's river systems and people, are melting at unprecedented rates.”
U.S. storm season off to slow start
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

Just 11 tornadoes touched down in the United States through 15 March of this year, 6% of the average 178 tornadoes that have usually touched down by that time.An official with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said that the position of the jet stream and resulting storm track suppressed tornado development this winter, but that the most active season for tornadoes has just started. The United States normally averages 1,200 tornadoes a year.
Proposed Clean Air Act reform draws fire
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

A Congressional hearing on the accomplishments of the U.S. Clean Air Act and subsequent amendments turned into a squabble about whether Bush administration efforts to reform the act would improve or undermine air quality regulations.At the 1 May hearing of the House of Representatives' Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality, a key sticking point concerned whether an emissions “cap‐and‐trade” program, which was proposed as part of President George W. Bush's 14 February Clear Skies initiative, would effectively meet air quality standards. The program would provide market‐based incentives to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mercury. Another point of contention was whether such a program would make some current regulations, including new source review of upgraded utility plants, redundant and unnecessary.
Encouraging students during Science and Tech Week
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

On 30 April, Robert Ballard, head of the Jason Project science education program, delivered a pep talk to students and teachers about environmental stewardship, ocean exploration, and science education, as part of Global Science and Technology Week.Addressing students in a Congressional hearing room, Ballard urged them to investigate the vast, undiscovered regions of the Earth.
USGS releases Alaska oil assessment
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

With the U.S. Congress gearing up for a House‐Senate conference committee battle about whether to open the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) for oil drilling, a new assessment of the amount of oil in the federal portion of the U.S. National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NRPA) is influencing the debate.The U.S. Geological Survey has found that the NPRA holds “significantly greater” petroleum resources than had been estimated previously This finding was disclosed in a 16 May report. The assessment estimated that technically recoverable oil on NPRA federal lands are between 5.9 and 13.2 billion barrels of oil; a 1980 assessment estimated between 0.3 and 5.4 billion barrels.
Glacial changes
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

Receding glaciers in the Himalayas and other parts of the world likely will have an impact on the fresh water available from these sources, and also on their historic role as a natural barrier between land areas, according to geologist Jeff Kargel. Kargel is international coordinator of the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project, which involves scientific collaborators in 23 countries analyzing and comparing NASA satellite imagery with other glaciological records.“Glaciers in most areas of the world are known to be receding,” said Kargel, adding that accelerating average global termperatures could directly impact glacial retreat. “But glaciers in the Himalaya are wasting at alarming and accelerating rates, as indicated by comparisons of satellite and historic data, and as shown by widespread, rapid growth of lakes on the glacier surfaces.”
Smoke in the wind
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

To counter Asian haze episodes, the countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed an Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution on 10 June.The agreement, whose signatories include Indonesia,The Philippines, and Vietnam, provides a legal basis for policy and technical cooperation to deal with haze arising from land and forest fires in the region.
Groups prepare for next phase in Ocean Drilling Program
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2011

With the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) slated to begin in October 2003—the month following the conclusion of the current Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)—a number of groups are preparing for this next stage in scientific ocean drilling.The Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), which has managed the Ocean Drilling Program for the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) since 1985, announced on 25 September that it has selected the two incumbent ODP science operators for its upcoming proposal to manage U.S. aspects of the IODP.
IL‐6 and soluble IL‐6 receptor stimulate the production of MMPs and their inhibitors via JAK—STAT and ERK—MAPK signalling in human chondrocytes
Authors: Aida Yukiko , Honda Kazuhiro , Tanigawa Shihoko , Nakayama Go , Matsumura Hideo , Suzuki Naoto , Shimizu Osamu , Takeichi Osamu , Makimura Masaharu , Maeno Masao 
Published: November 2011

AbstractElevated concentrations of IL‐6 (interleukin‐6) and sIL‐6r (soluble IL‐6 receptor) in the synovial fluid and serum of patients with arthritis have been implicated in joint cartilage destruction. This study examined the effects of IL‐6 and sIL‐6r on the expression of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases), TIMPs (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases), the plasminogen activation system including tPA (tissue‐type PA), uPA (urokinase‐type PA) and PAI‐1 (PA inhibitor type 1) using chondrocytes derived from normal human femur cartilage. The cells were cultured with or without 50 ng/ml IL‐6 and/or 30 ng/ml sIL‐6r in the presence or absence of the JAK3 (Janus kinase 3) inhibitor WHI‐P131 or the MEK [MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal protein kinase) kinase] inhibitor PD98059 for up to 28 days. The expression of MMPs, TIMPs, uPA, tPA and PAI‐1 was investigated at the mRNA and protein levels. MMP protein expression and pSTAT3 (phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and pERK (phosphorylation of ERK) were also measured. Treatment with both IL‐6 and sIL‐6r markedly increased the expression of MMP‐1, MMP‐13, TIMP‐1 and PAI‐1, while significantly decreasing the expression of tPA and uPA and stimulating pSTAT3 and pERK. Adding WHI‐P131 or PD98059 decreased IL‐6 and sIL‐6r enhancement of MMP‐1, −3 and −13. The results suggest that IL‐6 and sIL‐6r stimulate the production of MMPs and their inhibitor via JAK—STAT and ERK—MAPK signalling in chondrocytes.
Impact of an anticyclonic eddy on the summer nutrient and chlorophyll a distributions in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Japan Sea)
Authors: Kim Dongseon , Yang Eun Jin , Kim Kyung Hee , Shin Chang-Woong , Park Jisoo , Yoo Sinjae , Hyun Jung-Ho 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Kim, D., Yang, E. J., Kim, K. H., Shin, C-W., Park, J., Yoo, S., and Hyun, J-H. 2012. Impact of an anticyclonic eddy on the summer nutrient and chlorophyll a distributions in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Japan Sea). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 23–29. The impact of the anticyclonic Ulleung Warm Eddy (UWE) on the vertical distributions of nutrient and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in the Ulleung Basin (UB) was investigated during the contrasting summers of 2005 and 2007. The physical structure of the water column was characterized by an intrathermocline eddy (ITE) in 2005, whereas the UWE remained distant from the sampling transect in 2007. Water column structures appeared to be highly stratified, and nutrients in the surface waters were totally depleted at all stations. In 2005, an exceptionally high concentration of Chl a (5.5 mg m−3) was measured below the surface mixed layer in the eddy core (station D3), and values of ∼2.5 mg m–3 were observed at the eddy edge (stations D2 and D4). Formation of an ITE efficiently mixed surface and deep-ocean waters, the latter supplying sufficient nutrients to generate an extremely high concentration of Chl a at the base of the subsurface layer. Overall, the results indicated that the anticyclonic UWE plays a key ecological role in supporting substantial phytoplankton biomass in the nutrient-depleted surface waters in summer and maintaining high benthic mineralization in the deep-sea sediments of the UB.
Determination of the Optimal Mean Arterial Pressure for Postbleeding Resuscitation after Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats
Authors: Li Tao , Zhu Yu , Fang Yuqiang , Liu Liangming 
Published: November 2011

Background
The authors previously found that 50-60 mmHg mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was an optimal target resuscitation pressure for hemorrhagic shock before bleeding was controlled in rats. However, the optimal target resuscitation pressure for hemorrhagic shock after bleeding has been controlled has not been determined.

Methods
A model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock was initiated in anesthetized Wistar rats. After 1-h hypotensive resuscitation and bleeding was stopped, rats received fluid resuscitation to different target MAPs (50, 70, or 90 mmHg) with lactated Ringer's solution (LR), 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES), LR+HES (2:1) or LR+whole blood (2:1) for 2 h. Animal survival, hemodynamic parameters, and vital organ functions were observed.

Results
After bleeding had been controlled, mildly hypotensive resuscitation at a target MAP of 70 mmHg increased the survival time and survival rate compared with a target MAP of 50 mmHg and 90 mmHg (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Hemodynamic parameters, cardiac output, oxygen delivery, and vital organ function (including mitochondrial function) in 70 mmHg target MAP groups were better than in other two-target pressure groups (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Among the fluids tested, LR+whole blood (2:1) or LR+HES130 (2:1) had better effects than LR or HES alone at each level of target blood pressure.

Conclusion
Mildly hypotensive resuscitation is also needed for hemorrhagic shock after bleeding has been controlled, irrespective of whether crystalloids or colloids are used. The optimal target pressure was 70 mmHg in our rat model. A resuscitation pressure that is too low or too high cannot produce a good resuscitative effect.
Genetic Prevalence and Characteristics in Children With Recurrent Pancreatitis
Authors: Sultan Mutaz , Werlin Steven , Venkatasubramani Narayanan 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAims:The causes of chronic (CP) and recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) in children include anatomic abnormalities and hereditary, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders, with a significant proportion of cases being labeled as idiopathic. Genetic pancreatitis (GP) is associated with mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor regulator gene (CFTR), cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene, and serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1). There literature is sparse regarding the clinical profile of GP in children. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence and describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of genetic pancreatitis.Methods:We reviewed the charts of children ages 18 years or younger with RAP or CP diagnosed from 2000 to 2009 at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Twenty‐nine patients with RAP or CP were identified, of whom 23 (79%) were positive for mutations in ≥1 of the above‐mentioned genes, and were included for review.Results:The median age of symptom onset was 5 years (range 9 months–15 years) with diagnosis at 6.5 years (range 1–16 years). Twenty‐one were white; 14 were girls. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain and vomiting. Patients with RAP had 2 to 8 episodes of pancreatitis during 3.6‐year average follow‐up. Family history was positive in 5 of 29 of gene‐tested patients. CFTR, SPINK1, or PRSS1 mutations were seen in 14 (48%), 8 (27%), and 7 (24%) patients, respectively. Two patients were homozygous for CFTR mutations, 6 heterozygote and 4 patients had 5 T variants. Two other patients had double heterozygous mutations in F508 del/2789 + 5G > A and F508 del/5T variant. Six patients with CP had a combination of CFTR and SPINK1 or PRSS1 mutations. Eleven of 29 (38%) patients met radiological criteria for CP. All of the heterozygote patients with a combination of CFTR and SPINK1 or PRSS1 mutations had CP. Eight patients developed a chronic pain syndrome and 2 developed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency during follow‐up.Conclusions:We found a high prevalence of genetic mutations in patients without anatomic or metabolic abnormalities known to be associated with pancreatitis. Studies are needed to ascertain the genetic causes of RAP and CP and examine the relation between single CFTR mutations and single mutations in the PRSS1 and SPINK1 genes.
Human Milk Adiponectin Affects Infant Weight Trajectory During the Second Year of Life
Authors: Woo Jessica G. , Guerrero M. Lourdes , Guo Fukun , Martin Lisa J. , Davidson Barbara S. , Ortega Hilda , Ruiz‐Palacios Guillermo M. , Morrow Ardythe L. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTObjective:Serum adiponectin (APN) is associated with lower childhood obesity, and APN concentration in human milk is associated with slower growth during active breast‐feeding. We examined infant weight gain in the second year of life after exposure to high or low levels of mother's milk APN.Methods:Breast‐feeding mother–infant pairs were recruited in Mexico City and studied for 2 years; 192 infants with at least 12 months' follow‐up were analyzed. Monthly milk samples were assayed for APN; mothers were classified as producing high or low levels of milk APN. Infant and maternal serum APN were assessed during year 1. Infant anthropometry was measured monthly (year 1) or bimonthly (year 2), and World Health Organization z scores were calculated. Longitudinal adjusted models assessed weight‐for‐age and weight‐for‐length z score trajectories from 1 to 2 years.Results:Maternal serum APN modestly correlated with milk APN (r = 0.37, P < 0.0001) and infant serum APN (r = 0.29, P = 0.01). Infants exposed to high milk APN experienced increasing weight‐for‐age and weight‐for‐length z scores between age 1 and 2 years in contrast to low milk APN exposure (P for group × time = 0.02 and 0.054, respectively), adjusting for growth in the first 6 months and other covariates. In contrast, infant serum APN in year 1 was not associated with the rate of weight gain in year 2.Conclusions:High human milk APN exposure was associated with accelerated weight trajectory during the second year of life, suggesting its role in catch‐up growth after slower weight gain during the first year of life.
Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance of an Arabidopsis Glutathione S-Transferase U17 Knockout Mutant Are Attributed to the Combined Effect of Glutathione and Abscisic Acid
Authors: Chen Jui-Hung , Jiang Han-Wei , Hsieh En-Jung , Chen Hsing-Yu , Chien Ching-Te , Hsieh Hsu-Liang , Lin Tsan-Piao 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Although glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are thought to play major roles in oxidative stress metabolism, little is known about the regulatory functions of GSTs. We have reported that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE U17 (AtGSTU17; At1g10370) participates in light signaling and might modulate various aspects of development by affecting glutathione (GSH) pools via a coordinated regulation with phytochrome A. Here, we provide further evidence to support a negative role of AtGSTU17 in drought and salt stress tolerance. When AtGSTU17 was mutated, plants were more tolerant to drought and salt stresses compared with wild-type plants. In addition, atgstu17 accumulated higher levels of GSH and abscisic acid (ABA) and exhibited hyposensitivity to ABA during seed germination, smaller stomatal apertures, a lower transpiration rate, better development of primary and lateral root systems, and longer vegetative growth. To explore how atgstu17 accumulated higher ABA content, we grew wild-type plants in the solution containing GSH and found that they accumulated ABA to a higher extent than plants grown in the absence of GSH, and they also exhibited the atgstu17 phenotypes. Wild-type plants treated with GSH also demonstrated more tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Furthermore, the effect of GSH on root patterning and drought tolerance was confirmed by growing the atgstu17 in solution containing l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis. In conclusion, the atgstu17 phenotype can be explained by the combined effect of GSH and ABA. We propose a role of AtGSTU17 in adaptive responses to drought and salt stresses by functioning as a negative component of stress-mediated signal transduction pathways.