bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive quantification of hepatic steatosis inrats using 3.0 T 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Marsman H.A. , van Werven J.R. , Nederveen A.J. , ten Kate F.J. , Heger M. , Stoker J. , van Gulik T.M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To assess the accuracy of noninvasive 3.0 T 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) in an experimental steatosis model for the discrimination of clinically relevant macrovesicular steatosis degrees and to evaluate three different 1H‐MR spectrum‐based fat quantification methods.Materials and Methods:Steatosis was induced in rats by a methionine/choline‐deficient diet for 0–5 weeks. 1H‐MRS measurements of hepatic fat content were compared with histopathological and biochemical steatosis degree. In 1H‐MR spectra, areas under the curve (AUC) of fat (1.3 ppm), water (4.7 ppm), total fat (0.5–5.3 ppm), and total spectrum peaks (0.5–5.3 ppm) were determined and hepatic fat content calculated as follows: [AUCtotal fat peaks/AUCtotal peaks], [AUCfat/AUCfat + (AUCwater/0.7)], and [AUCfat/AUCwater].Results:A significant correlation was found between 1H‐MRS and macrovesicular steatosis (r = 0.932, P < 0.0001) and between 1H‐MRS and total fatty acids (r = 0.935, P < 0.0001). 1H‐MRS accurately distinguished mild from moderate and moderate from severe steatosis. Calculations using [AUCfat/AUCwater] ratio in severe steatotic livers resulted in higher hepatic fat percentages as compared to the other methods due to a decrease in hepatic water content.Conclusion:1H‐MRS quantification of hepatic fat content showed high correlations with histological and biochemical steatosis determination in an experimental steatosis rat model and accurately discriminated between clinically relevant steatosis degrees. These results encourage further application of 1H‐MRS in patients for accurate steatosis assessment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:148–154. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced field‐of‐view single‐shot fast spin echo imaging using two‐dimensional spatially selective radiofrequency pulses
Authors: Yuan Jing , Zhao Tzu‐Cheng , Tang Yi , Panych Lawrence P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To demonstrate reduced field‐of‐view (RFOV) single‐shot fast spin echo (SS‐FSE) imaging based on the use of two‐dimensional spatially selective radiofrequency (2DRF) pulses.Materials and Methods:The 2DRF pulses were incorporated into an SS‐FSE sequence for RFOV imaging in both phantoms and the human brain on a 1.5 Tesla (T) whole‐body MR system with the aim of demonstrating improvements in terms of shorter scan time, reduced blurring, and higher spatial resolution compared with full FOV imaging.Results:For phantom studies, scan time gains of up to 4.2‐fold were achieved as compared to the full FOV imaging. For human studies, the spatial resolution was increased by a factor of 2.5 (from 1.7 mm/pixel to 0.69 mm/pixel) for RFOV imaging within a scan time (0.7 s) similar to full FOV imaging. A 2.2‐fold shorter scan time along with a significant reduction of blurring was demonstrated in RFOV images compared with full FOV images for a target spatial resolution of 0.69 mm/pixel.Conclusion:RFOV SS‐FSE imaging using a 2DRF pulse shows advantages in scan time, blurring, and specific absorption rate reduction along with true spatial resolution increase compared with full FOV imaging. This approach is promising to benefit fast imaging applications such as image guided therapy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:242–248. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of k‐t SENSE/k‐t BLAST with conventional SENSE applied to BOLD fMRI
Authors: Utting Jane F. , Kozerke Sebastian , Schnitker Ralph , Niendorf Thoralf 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To compare k‐t BLAST (broad‐use linear‐acquisition speedup technique)/k‐t SENSE (sensitivity encoding) with conventional SENSE applied to a simple fMRI paradigm.Materials and Methods:Blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed at 3 T using a displaced ultra‐fast low‐angle refocused echo (UFLARE) pulse sequence with a visual stimulus in a block paradigm. Conventional SENSE and k‐t BLAST/k‐t SENSE data were acquired. Also, k‐t BLAST/k‐t SENSE was simulated at different undersampling factors from fully sampled data after removal of lines of k‐space data. Analysis was performed using SPM5.Results:Sensitivity to the BOLD response in k‐t BLAST/k‐t SENSE was comparable with that of SENSE in images acquired at an undersampling factor of 2.3. Simulated k‐t BLAST/k‐t SENSE yielded reliable detection of activation‐induced BOLD contrast at undersampling factors of 5 or less. Sensitivity increased significantly when training data were included in k‐space before Fourier transformation (known as “plug‐in”).Conclusion:k‐t BLAST/k‐t SENSE performs at least as well as conventional SENSE for BOLD fMRI at a modest undersampling factor. Results suggest that sufficient sensitivity to BOLD contrast may be achievable at higher undersampling factors with k‐t BLAST/k‐t SENSE than with conventional parallel imaging approaches, offering particular advantages at the highest magnetic field strengths. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:235–241. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pretreatment and early intratreatment prediction of clinicopathologic response of head and neck cancer to chemoradiotherapy using 1H‐MRS
Authors: King Ann D. , Yeung David K.W. , Yu Kwok‐hung , Mo Frankie K.F. , Bhatia Kunwar S. , Tse Gary M.K. , Vlantis Alexander C. , Wong Jeffrey K.T. , Hu Chen‐wen , Ahuja Anil T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To determine if choline (cho) identified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) performed pretreatment and early in the course of treatment predicts clinicopathologic response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Materials and Methods:In all, 60 patients with HNSCC scheduled to undergo concurrent chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone were recruited. 1H‐MRS was performed pretreatment and early intratreatment (2 weeks after start of treatment). Cho:creatine and cho:water ratios at each timepoint and change in the ratios between the two timepoints were correlated with locoregional failure, distant metastases, overall survival, and cancer‐related death. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression and chi‐square and a P‐value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Cho was identified in 47/49 successful pretreatment spectra and 42 of these 47 underwent successful 1H‐MRS early intratreatment, of which 21 showed persistent cho. Locoregional failure occurred in 15, distant metastases in 6, and death in 15 patients; the follow‐up period in survivors ranged from 13–64 months (mean, 39 months). No statistically significant correlation was found between 1H‐MRS parameters and clinical endpoints.Conclusion:The pretreatment cho and change in cho early during a course of treatment did not predict clinical outcome. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:199–203. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of herpes viruses in respiratory secretions of patients undergoing artificial ventilation
Authors: Smith C.A. , Conroy L.T. , Pollock M. , Ruddy J. , Binning A. , McCruden E.A.B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe significance of detection of herpes viruses in respiratory secretions of critically ill patients is controversial. The study aim was to determine the prevalence of herpes virus DNA in respiratory secretions in patients on artificial ventilation. Respiratory secretions taken thrice weekly from 174 patients in a tertiary center intensive therapy unit (ITU) were tested for herpes simplex virus (HSV) by nested PCR. Samples from 61 patients in ITU for 4 days or more were also tested for Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) using real‐time PCR. HSV positivity increased with ITU stay with 18.6% admission samples positive, 32.5% day 2–5 samples, and 65.9% day 6–39 samples. Being HSV positive on admission did not influence mortality (9/27, 33.3% vs. 38/118, 32.2%) however, subsequently, mortality of those negative but becoming positive was higher than in those remaining negative (10/35, 29% vs. 5/24 21%). At least one sample was EBV positive in 61% and CMV positive in 19% of patients tested. Of 63 patients tested for all three viruses, 4 were positive for three viruses, 23 patients for two viruses, 24 for one virus and 12 were negative for all the above viruses. Detection of HSV, EBV and CMV is common in ITU patients. Becoming HSV positive while in ITU may increase mortality. J. Med. Virol. 82:1406–1409, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of HIV‐1 non‐B subtype infections in Northwest Poland
Authors: Parczewski Miłosz , Leszczyszyn‐Pynka Magdalena , Bander Dorota , Urbańska Anna , Stańczak Grzegorz , Boroń‐Kaczmarska Anna 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe number of non‐B subtype HIV‐1 infections in Europe has been increasing even though major regional differences have been observed. This trend was investigated in northwestern Poland using sequence and epidemiological data from a cohort of 102 HIV‐1‐infected patients from Szczecin, Poland. HIV‐1 subtypes were defined by phylogenetic analysis of viral reverse transcriptase‐ and protease‐partial coding regions, and results were compared with online subtyping by Standford and REGA tools. Subtype analysis using on‐line subtyping methods produced varying results if compared to phylogenesis, with concordant variant assignment obtained for 98% (100/102) of sequences by Stanford and 85% (87/102) by REGA. In the population studied, non‐B subtype infections comprised 21% of the infections and consisted of subtype D (57%, n = 12), CRF01_AE (19%, n = 4), A and C clades (9.5%, n = 2), and the CRF13_cpx recombinant isolate (4.8%, n = 1). Patients carrying non‐B subtypes were predominantly heterosexuals with high percentage (57%) of women observed in the group. All HIV‐1 non‐B women were Caucasian with majority (83%) of infections acquired in Poland; however, among 12 travelers included in the study a higher proportion of non‐B infections was noted (50%, P = 0.01). Moreover, lower baseline lymphocyte CD4 counts (P = 0.01), higher baseline HIV‐1 viremia (P = 0.08), and a more advanced stage of the disease (P = 0.03) were observed among individuals infected with non‐B subtypes. The data indicated that the proportion of HIV‐1 non‐B subtype infections was higher than previously reported in Poland consisting of a high subtype D prevalence. Furthermore, subtype D transmission occurred primarily between heterosexual Caucasian individuals from this region. J. Med. Virol. 82:1306–1313, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling seasonal variation in rotavirus hospitalizations for use in evaluating the effect of rotavirus vaccine
Authors: Sato Takanori , Nakagomi Toyoko , Naghipour Mohammadreza , Nakagomi Osamu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEvery year rotavirus epidemic repeats in cooler months of the year in temperate countries, but the size of the epidemic may often vary. Such seasonal variation needs to be considered when the effect of rotavirus vaccine is predicted before vaccine introduction or it is evaluated after vaccine introduction. A computer program based on a stochastic decision tree model was developed to produce stochastic variation, which was used as a proxy for seasonal variation, in the number of rotavirus hospitalizations. When the model was applied to a hypothetical community with a birth cohort of 1,000 children in Japan, it predicted the occurrence of up to 29% of stochastic variation from the average number of rotavirus hospitalizations. Then, the model was applied for use in evaluating the effect of rotavirus vaccine in two different scenarios regarding vaccine use in the community: a scenario where rotavirus vaccine was introduced only into the private sector, and another where it was incorporated into the universal immunization program. In the former scenario, an average of 23% reduction in the number of rotavirus hospitalizations was predicted, but this level of reduction would be obscured due to seasonal variation. In the latter scenario, an average of 74% reduction was predicted, which would be beyond seasonal variation. This model will be useful to inform stakeholders and policymakers how vaccine introduction will change the burden of rotavirus disease under different scenarios of vaccine implementation. J. Med. Virol. 82:1468–1474, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secondary structure of the amino‐terminal region of HCV NS3 and virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Sanjo Mai , Saito Takafumi , Ishii Rika , Nishise Yuko , Haga Hiroaki , Okumoto Kazuo , Ito Junitsu , Watanabe Hisayoshi , Saito Koji , Togashi Hitoshi , Fukuda Kazuto , Imai Yasuharu , El‐Shamy Ahmed , Deng Lin , Shoji Ikuo , Hotta Hak , Kawata Sumio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify a predictive marker for the virological response in hepatitis C virus 1b (HCV‐1b)‐infected patients treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy. A total of 139 patients with chronic hepatitis C who received therapy for 48 weeks were enrolled. The secondary structure of the 120 residues of the amino‐terminal HCV‐1b non‐structural region 3 (NS3) deduced from the amino acid sequence was classified into two major groups: A and B. The association between HCV NS3 protein polymorphism and virological response was analyzed in patients infected with group A (n = 28) and B (n = 40) isolates who had good adherence to both pegylated interferon and ribavirin administration (>95% of the scheduled dosage) for 48 weeks. A sustained virological response (SVR) representing successful HCV eradication occurred in 33 (49%) in the 68 patients. Of the 28 patients infected with the group A isolate, 18 (64%) were SVR, whereas of the 40 patients infected with the group B isolate only 15 (38%) were SVR. The proportion of virological responses differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05). These results suggest that polymorphism in the secondary structure of the HCV‐1b NS3 amino‐terminal region influences the virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy, and that virus grouping based on this polymorphism can contribute to prediction of the outcome of this therapy. J. Med. Virol. 82:1364–1370, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenovirus genome in the placenta: association with histological chorioamnionitis and preterm birth
Authors: Tsekoura Effrossine A. , Konstantinidou Anastasia , Papadopoulou Sofia , Athanasiou Stavros , Spanakis Nicholas , Kafetzis Dimitrios , Antsaklis Aris , Tsakris Athanassios 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAdenovirus is isolated frequently from the amniotic fluid and has been implicated in severe neonatal infections. A case control study was carried out to examine the association of detection of adenovirus in placentas with preterm birth and histological chorioamnionitis. Placentas from preterm and full term deliveries were collected prospectively. Preterm cases were divided into three subgroups according to the gestational age. PCR was carried out on placental tissues for the detection of adenovirus genome. Placentas were evaluated histologically for the presence of chorioamnionitis. Chi‐square and odds ratios (OR) were used to determine if detection of adenovirus is associated with preterm birth and histological evidence of inflammation. Seventy‐one preterm and 122 full term placentas were studied. Adenovirus genome was detected in 29 (40.8%) of preterm cases and in 25 (20.5%) of the full term controls (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4–5.1; P = 0.002). Detection of adenovirus in preterm placentas was significantly higher compared to full term particularly in the lower gestational age. Detection of adenovirus in placenta followed the seasonal variation of adenovirus infections. Thirty‐seven preterm and 21 full term placentas were also selected for paraffin inclusion and histological examination. Chorioamnionitis was present more frequently in preterm adenovirus‐positive placentas compared to preterm adenovirus‐negative placentas (75% vs. 36%; P = 0.026) as well as compared to term adenovirus‐positive placentas (75% vs. 19%; P = 0.003). This study demonstrates that adenovirus infection of the placenta is associated strongly with histological chorioamnionitis and preterm birth. J. Med. Virol. 82:1379–1383, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical manifestations of hepatitis A infection: A prospective, multicenter study in Korea
Authors: Jung Youn Mu , Park Sang Jong , Kim Jeong Sim , Jang Je‐Hyuck , Lee Sang Hyub , Kim Jin‐Wook , Park Young Min , Hwang Seong Gyu , Rim Kyu Sung , Kang Sook‐Kyoung , Lee Hyun Seok , Yun Hae Sun , Jee Young Mee , Jeong Sook‐Hyang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe clinical outcome of symptomatic hepatitis A and the incidence and clinical characteristics of atypical presentation of hepatitis A were studied using prospective, multicenter design. The atypical presentation included delayed anti‐hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) seroconversion defined as positive anti‐HAV IgM on the repeated test within 7 days of hospital admission after the initially negative result, prolonged cholestasis, and acute kidney injury (AKI). A total of 595 patients with symptomatic hepatitis A requiring hospital admission were enrolled prospectively from September 2006 to August 2008 in four major hospitals in a Korean city with a population of ∼1 million. Clinical outcomes of symptomatic hepatitis A showed a case fatality rate of 0.2%, and fulminant hepatitis in 0.5%. Delayed anti‐HAV IgM seroconversion was found in 6.4%, and was significantly associated with shorter intervals from symptom onset to hospital admission, higher body mass index, and lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level at admission. Prolonged cholestasis was found in 4.7% of patients, and could be predicted by preexisting chronic hepatitis B viral infection, prolonged prothrombin time, and higher total bilirubin level. AKI was complicated in 1.5%, which could be predicted by lower albumin level, higher ALT level, and higher white blood cell (WBC) count. More than half of the patients required hemodialysis. Substantial occurrence of delayed anti‐HAV IgM seroconversion, prolonged cholestasis, and AKI was confirmed with various predictable factors, which could be helpful for accurate diagnosis and management of hepatitis A patients. J. Med. Virol. 82:1318–1326, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinoviruses are the major causes of severe lower respiratory tract infections in Kuwait
Authors: Khadadah M. , Essa S. , Higazi Z. , Behbehani N. , Al‐Nakib W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRespiratory infections are very common in Kuwait, yet little is known about the cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections. This study was designed to investigate the viral cause of lower respiratory tract infections using sensitive molecular methods. PCR was applied to investigate 10 respiratory viruses in respiratory samples from 1,014 patients aged between 3 days to 76 years with acute lower respiratory tract infections. Of the 1,014 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 288 (28.4%) had a viral infection. One hundred fifty‐five (53.8%) presented with bronchiolitis, 100 (43.7%) with pneumonia, and 33 (11.5%) with croup. One hundred six (36.8%) and 99 (34.4%) patients had evidence of respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinoviruses infections, respectively. Adenoviruses were detected in 44 (15.2%) patients, while influenza A virus in 21 (7.3%) patients. The majority of respiratory syncytial virus infections (84%) were among patients aged <1 year. Similarly, of the 99 patients infected by human rhinoviruses, 50 (50.5%) were also among this age group. In contrast, most of influenza A virus infections, 12 of 21 (57.1%), were among patients aged over 16 years. Parainfluenza virus‐2 and human coronaviruses were not detected in any of the patients' samples. Over the 3‐year period, most of the hospitalized patients were seen during the autumn and winter months from October through March. These data show that respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinoviruses may be the major causes of lower respiratory tract infections in children admitted to hospital in Kuwait. J. Med. Virol. 82:1462–1467, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiological study of hepatitis B virus among migrant workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar to Thailand
Authors: Sa‐nguanmoo Pattaratida , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Thawornsuk Nutchanart , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Prianantathavorn Kesmanee , Theamboonlers Apiradee , Tanaka Yasuhito , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in Southeast Asia, molecular epidemiological data on HBV circulating in some countries are limited. The aims of this study were to evaluate the seroprevalence of HBV and its genetic variability among migrant workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar in Thailand. Sera collected from 1,119 Cambodian, 787 Laotian, and 1,103 Myanmarese workers were tested for HBsAg. HBV DNA was amplified and the pre‐S/S region was sequenced for genotyping and genetic mutation analysis. HBsAg was detected in 282 (9.4%). The prevalence of HBsAg among migrant workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar was 10.8%, 6.9%, and 9.7%, respectively. Of 224 subjects positive for HBV DNA, 86% were classified as genotype C (99% were sub‐genotype C1) and 11.6% were genotype B (30.8%, 34.6%, and 30.8% were sub‐genotypes B2, B3, and B4, respectively). Various point mutations in the “a” determinant region were detected in approximately 18% of these samples, of which Ile126Ser/Asn was the most frequent variant. Sequencing analysis showed that 19.1% of samples had pre‐S mutations, with pre‐S2 deletion as the most common mutant (7.7%) followed by pre‐S2 start codon mutation (3.8%) and both pre‐S2 deletion and start codon mutation (3.3%). High prevalence of HBV infection (approximately 7–11%) was found among migrant workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar, which may reflect the current seroprevalence in their respective countries. The data also demonstrated that HBV sub‐genotype C1 was the predominant strain and various mutations of HBV occurring naturally were not uncommon among these populations. J. Med. Virol. 82:1341–1349, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical use of liver biopsy for the diagnosis and management of inactive and asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers in Bangladesh
Authors: Al‐Mahtab Mamun , Rahman Salimur , Akbar Sheikh Mohammad Fazle , Kamal Mohammad , Khan Mohammad Sakirul Islam 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPatients with inactive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are assumed to be free from liver disease. Accordingly, antiviral drug treatment is not recommended for these patients. However, the extent of liver damage in these patients has not been evaluated fully. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of liver damage in patients with inactive HBV. Liver biopsy was conducted in 141 inactive HBV carriers [HBeAg‐negative, low levels of HBV DNA (≤10,000 copies/ml) and normal levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)]. The extent of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis was evaluated in these patients by examining liver biopsy specimens. Although the patients were inactive HBV carriers, mild to moderate levels of necroinflammation (HAI necroinflammation score HAI‐N1 ≥ 7) were detected in 36 of 141 (26%) patients. Seventeen patients had a severe degree of hepatic fibrosis (HAI fibrosis score HAI‐F ≥ 3). A total of 10 patients had both considerable necroinflammation (HAI‐N1≥7) and severe fibrosis (HAI‐F ≥3). All 10 patients with significant hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were male and older than 25 years. However, all were HBeAg‐negative and expressed low levels of HBV DNA and normal ALT levels. The study demonstrates that features of liver damage were present in a considerable number of the patients. Assessment of liver biopsy specimens in a larger cohort of inactive HBV carriers is necessary to establish management guidelines for such patients. J. Med. Virol. 82:1350–1354, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.