bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the Language–Power Assumption of Critical Discourse Analysis: The Case of Israel's Legislative Discourse
Authors: Shenhav Shaul R. , Rahat Gideon , Sheafer Tamir 
Published: May 2012

Abstract.The growing interest in the relation between language and politics brings new assumptions and theoretical frameworks to the study of politics. This study presents a simple empirical test of a major assumption of the critical discourse analysis school: that power is a major factor in political discourse. It examines whether the discourse of Israeli members of parliament (Knesset) represents a view of the world through the prism of power or whether parliament members refer to the experience of similar democracies. We demonstrate that power is a strong and significant factor in Israeli legislative discourse through time and across issues while relevance plays no role.Résumé.L'intérêt grandissant que suscite le lien entre langage et politique, génère de nouvelles hypothèses et de nouvelles théories de l'étude du politique. Cette étude propose de tester l'une des principales hypothèses de l'analyse critique de discours, à savoir que le pouvoir serait un facteur essentiel du discours politique. Le discours des membres du parlement israélien (la Knesset) est analysé afin de déterminer s'il reflète une vision du monde à travers le prisme du pouvoir, ou si au contraire les membres du parlements se réfèrent plutôt à l'expérience d'autres démocraties sous différents angles, en particulier celui de la similaritê de leur travail parlementaire. Cette étude démontre que le pouvoir constitue un facteur important et significatif du discours législatif israélien, à la fois sur la longue durée et concernant une variété de sujets, alors que le facteur de la pertinence ne joue aucun rôle.
Climate and vegetation history of western Portugal inferred from Albian near-shore deposits (Galé Formation, Lusitanian Basin)
Authors: HEIMHOFER ULRICH , HOCHULI PETER-A. , BURLA STEFAN , OBERLI FELIX , ADATTE THIERRY , DINIS JORGE L. , WEISSERT HELMUT 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe late Early Cretaceous greenhouse climate has been studied intensively based on proxy data derived essentially from open marine archives. In contrast, information on continental climatic conditions and on the accompanying response of vegetation is relatively scarce, most notably owing to the stratigraphic uncertainties associated with many Lower Cretaceous terrestrial deposits. Here, we present a palynological record from Albian near-shore deposits of the Lusitanian Basin of W Portugal, which have been independently dated using Sr-isotope signals derived from low-Mg oyster shell calcite.87Sr/86Sr values fluctuate between 0.707373 ± 0.00002 and 0.707456 ± 0.00003; absolute values and the overall stratigraphic trend match well with the global open marine seawater signature during Albian times. Based on the new Sr-isotope data, existing biostratigraphic assignments of the succession are corroborated and partly revised. Spore-pollen data provide information on the vegetation community structure and are flanked by sedimentological and clay mineralogical data used to infer the overall climatic conditions prevailing on the adjacent continent. Variations in the distribution of climate-sensitive pollen and spores indicate distinct changes in moisture availability across the studied succession with a pronounced increase in hygrophilous spores in late Early Albian times. Comparison with time-equivalent palynofloras from the Algarve Basin of southern Portugal shows pronounced differences in the xerophyte/hygrophyte ratio, interpreted to reflect the effect of a broad arid climate belt covering southern and southeastern Iberia during Early Albian times.
Primary peak and chronic malaria infection levels are correlated in experimentally infected great reed warblers
Authors: ASGHAR MUHAMMAD , WESTERDAHL HELENA , ZEHTINDJIEV PAVEL , ILIEVA MIHAELA , HASSELQUIST DENNIS , BENSCH STAFFAN 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYMalaria parasites often manage to maintain an infection for several months or years in their vertebrate hosts. In humans, rodents and birds, most of the fitness costs associated with malaria infections are in the short initial primary (high parasitaemia) phase of the infection, whereas the chronic phase (low parasitaemia) is more benign to the host. In wild birds, malaria parasites have mainly been studied during the chronic phase of the infection. This is because the initial primary phase of infection is short in duration and infected birds with severe disease symptoms tend to hide in sheltered places and are thus rarely caught and sampled. We therefore wanted to investigate the relationship between the parasitaemia during the primary and chronic phases of the infection using an experimental infection approach. We found a significant positive correlation between parasitaemia in the primary peak and the subsequent chronic phase of infection when we experimentally infected great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) withPlasmodium ashfordi. The reason for this association remains to be understood, but might arise from individual variation in exoerythrocytic parasite reservoirs in hosts, parasite antigenic diversity and/or host genetics. Our results suggest that the chronic phase parasitaemia can be used to qualitatively infer the parasitaemia of the preceding and more severe primary phase, which is a very important finding for studies of avian malaria in wild populations.
Mixed life-history strategies in a local population of the ectoparasitic flyCarnus hemapterus
Authors: AMAT-VALERO M. , VÁCLAV R. , MARTÍNEZ T. , VALERA F. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYA major issue for the proper understanding of the evolution of life-cycle histories is the regulation of voltinism and its variation. Diapause characteristics are known to regulate voltinism, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This paper studies diapause duration and voltinism variation in a haematophagous diptera parasitizing 2 sympatric hosts with very different breeding phenologies. We hypothesize that bivoltinism will be more frequent in carnid flies parasitizing an early breeding, multi-brooded species than in flies parasitizing a late breeder, single-brooded species. We obtained evidence of the co-occurrence of uni- and bivoltinism in both clutches of the multi-brooded Spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) as well as in clutches of the single-brooded European roller (Coracias garrulus). Unexpectedly, the proportion of bivoltine flies was similar in both host species. A remarkable degree of host-parasite synchronization at the population level was found for bivoltine flies. Our findings reveal the facultative nature of diapause inCarnus. We discuss the influence of abiotic conditions and host availability on polymorphism in life-history cycles and the consequences both for the parasite and the host.
Life cycles, molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the ‘pygmaeus’ microphallids (Digenea: Microphallidae): widespread parasites of marine and coastal birds in the Holarctic
Authors: GALAKTIONOV KIRILL V. , BLASCO-COSTA ISABEL , OLSON PETER D. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThe ‘pygmaeus’ microphallids (MPG) are a closely related group of 6 digenean (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) Microphallus species that share a derived 2-host life cycle in which metacercariae develop inside daughter sporocysts in the intermediate host (intertidal and subtidal gastropods, mostly of the genus Littorina) and are infective to marine birds (ducks, gulls and waders). Here we investigate MPG transmission patterns in coastal ecosystems and their diversification with respect to historical events, host switching and host-parasite co-evolution. Species phylogenies and phylogeographical reconstructions are estimated on the basis of 28S, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA data and we use a combination of analyses to test the robustness and stability of the results, and the likelihood of alternative biogeographical scenarios. Results demonstrate that speciation within the MPG was not associated with co-speciation with either the first intermediate or final hosts, but rather by host-switching events coincident with glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere during the late Pliocene/Pleistocene. These resulted in the expansion of Pacific biota into the Arctic-North Atlantic and periodic isolation of Atlantic and Pacific populations. Thus we hypothesize that contemporary species of MPG and their host associations resulted from fragmentation of populations in regional refugia during stadials, and their subsequent range expansion from refugial centres during interstadials.
Shifting Domestic and International Perceptions of Japan's Economy
Authors: NOGUCHI ASAHI 
Published: May 2012

AbstractJapan's remarkable economic success especially from the 1960s to the 1980s has attracted extensive worldwide attention. However, the world's admiration has plummeted since the 1990s, when the Bubble Economy burst, bringing on chronic stagnation. Since then, the world has regarded the Japanese economy less as a desirable model and more as an evident failure with many lessons for other economies. These external judgments, positive and negative, have also affected how the Japanese perceive their own economy. This article reviews how these domestic and international perceptions of Japan's economy have varied. It situates the companion articles by Hwang (2012) and Harada (2012) in the historical context of studies of the Japanese economy. This article especially discusses one recurring fixation that muddles comprehension of factors underpinning Japan's economic success and failure: the tendency to overestimate characteristics that supposedly are specific to Japan and different from other market-oriented economies. From the 1960s through the 1980s, scholars, commentators, policy-makers, and the public insisted these characteristics were singular and significant contributors to Japan's remarkable economic development. Since the 1990s, they have considered them the root causes of Japan's remarkable stagnation. Both are exaggerations. Although some singularly Japanese attributes perhaps contributed to Japan's economic ascent and decline, it is equally plausible they did not. It is more likely that poorly conceived and executed macroeconomic policies, especially monetary policy, had greater influence on Japan's post-1990s stagnation.
Shallow creep on the Haiyuan Fault (Gansu, China) revealed by SAR Interferometry
Authors: Jolivet R. , Lasserre C. , Doin M.‐P. , Guillaso S. , Peltzer G. , Dailu R. , Sun J. , Shen Z.‐K. , Xu X. 
Published: May 2012

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar data are used to map the interseismic velocity field along the Haiyuan fault system (HFS), at the north‐eastern boundary of the Tibetan plateau. Two M ∼ 8 earthquakes ruptured the HFS in 1920 and 1927, but its 260 km‐long central section, known as the Tianzhu seismic gap, remains unbroken since ∼1000 years. The Envisat SAR data, spanning the 2003–2009 period, cover about 200 × 300 km2 along three descending and two ascending tracks. Interferograms are processed using an adapted version of ROI_PAC. The signal due to stratified atmospheric phase delay is empirically corrected together with orbital residuals. Mean line‐of‐sight velocity maps are computed using a constrained time series analysis after selection of interferograms with low atmospheric noise. These maps show a dominant left‐lateral motion across the HFS, and reveal a narrow, 35 km‐long zone of high velocity gradient across the fault in between the Tianzhu gap and the 1920 rupture. We model the observed velocity field using a discretized fault creeping at shallow depth and a least squares inversion. The inferred shallow slip rate distribution reveals aseismic slip in between two fully locked segments. The average creep rate is ∼5 mm yr−1, comparable in magnitude with the estimated loading rate at depth, suggesting no strain accumulation on this segment. The modeled creep rate locally exceeds the long term rate, reaching 8 mm yr−1, suggesting transient creep episodes. The present study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of the surface velocity in the vicinity of major seismic gaps in terms of seismic hazard assessment.
Reconciling Cretaceous paleomagnetic and marine magnetic data for Iberia: New Iberian paleomagnetic poles
Authors: Neres M. , Font E. , Miranda J. M. , Camps P. , Terrinha P. , Mirão J. 
Published: May 2012

The Cretaceous paleogeography and the kinematic evolution of the Iberian plate are poorly constrained. Especially problematic is to reconcile Iberian paleomagnetic data with paleomagnetic data of the neighboring plates and with Euler poles derived from seafloor magnetic anomalies. The first limitation arises from the Cretaceous Normal Polarity Superchron where paleogeographic reconstruction using marine magnetic anomalies is handicapped. The second arises from the paucity of reliable paleomagnetic poles with satisfactory statistical criteria and age. In order to address these shortcomings and provide new high quality paleomagnetic poles for Iberia, we conducted a detailed rock magnetic and paleomagnetic study of two Cretaceous magmatic sills, the Paço de Ilhas (PI) and Foz da Fonte (FF) sills, from the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, recently dated at about 88 and 94 Ma, respectively. Our results show that the magnetic mineralogy of the sills is primary, i.e., acquired during magma cooling, and essentially represented by titanomagnetite. The corresponding paleomagnetic poles match the synthetic APWP from the African plate at 80 and 100 Ma. On the basis of a rigorous selection of Iberian Cretaceous poles, we then calculated mean paleomagnetic poles for different time intervals and found that Iberian paleomagnetic data fit well the global APWP between 70 and 120 Ma, but move far away from the APWP at pre‐rift times. Our approach shows that new and better constrained paleomagnetic poles can aide in solving part of the contradiction between Iberian and African APWPs.
An innovative physical scheme to retrieve simultaneously surface temperature and emissivities using high spectral infrared observations from IASI
Authors: Paul M. , Aires F. , Prigent C. , Trigo I. F. , Bernardo F. 
Published: May 2012

Retrieving atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles from infrared satellite observations over continental surfaces is a complex problem because of the heterogeneity of land surfaces and the difficulty of modeling their interaction with the radiation. This results in the surface‐sensitive observations from sounding instruments over land usually not being assimilated into numerical prediction systems at meteorological operational centers. Correct characterization of the interaction between the atmosphere and the surface would allow considering the information contained in those channels. This requires accurate estimates of the surface emissivities at the spectral resolution of recent instruments such as Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) or Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). An emissivity interpolator is developed in this study to estimate the land surface emissivities at a high spectral resolution compatible with IASI or AIRS instrument channels. It is based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrieved emissivities. This surface emissivity is used as a first guess in an innovative surface parameter inversion scheme that simultaneously retrieves the surface emissivity and temperature. Radiative transfer calculations with the resulting surface information show a significantly better agreement with the observations (root mean square error of 1.7 K on average over bands 1 and 2 of the IASI spectrum), as compared to calculations using the first guess information (root mean square error of 3.5 K). The retrieved surface skin temperatures are compared to the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) estimates derived from Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) measurements, and the root mean square difference is below 2 K.
On the effect of dust aerosols on AIRS and IASI operational level 2 products
Authors: Maddy E. S. , DeSouza‐Machado S. G. , Nalli N. R. , Barnet C. D. , L Strow L. , Wolf W. W. , Xie H. , Gambacorta A. , King T. S. , Joseph E. , Morris V. , Hannon S. E. , Schou P. 
Published: May 2012

Satellite retrievals of environmental parameters can enable a global scale understanding of various atmospheric phenomena. Validation of these retrievals using in situ and other correlative measurements is critical to the success of our accurate interpretation of such phenomena. In this paper, we analyze the effect of dust on AIRS and IASI operational level 2 profiles using data obtained from the 2009–2011 AEROSE campaigns. We find that the presence of dust in the AIRS and IASI measurements biases the cloud‐cleared radiances by as much as 4 K. In addition, we find that the temperature and surface temperature retrievals resultant from these cloud‐cleared radiances show 2 to 3 K spurious oscillations throughout the troposphere.
Lack of CC chemokine ligand 2 differentially affects inflammation and fibrosis according to the genetic background in a murine model of steatohepatitis
Authors: Galastri Sara , Zamara Elena , Milani Stefano , Novo Erica , Provenzano Angela , Delogu Wanda , Vizzutti Francesco , Sutti Salvatore , Locatelli Irene , Navari Nadia , Vivoli Elisa , Caligiuri Alessandra , Pinzani Massimo , Albano Emanuele , Parola Maurizio , Marra Fabio 
Published: May 2012

Expression of CCL2 (CC chemokine ligand 2) (or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) regulates inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and adipose tissue, favouring steatosis. However, its role in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis is still uncertain. In the present study, we investigated the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by an MCD diet (methionine/choline-deficient diet) in mice lacking the CCL2 gene on two different genetic backgrounds, namely Balb/C and C57/Bl6J. WT (wild-type) and CCL2-KO (knockout) mice were fed on a lipid-enriched MCD diet or a control diet for 8 weeks. In Balb/C mice fed on the MCD diet, a lack of CCL2 was associated with lower ALT (alanine transaminase) levels and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, together with a lower generation of oxidative-stress-related products. Sirius Red staining demonstrated pericellular fibrosis in zone 3, and image analysis showed a significantly lower matrix accumulation in CCL2-KO mice. This was associated with reduced hepatic expression of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β), type I procollagen, TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1) and α-smooth muscle actin. In contrast, in mice on a C57Bl/6 background, neither ALT levels nor inflammation or fibrosis were significantly different comparing WT and CCL2-KO animals fed on an MCD diet. In agreement, genes related to fibrogenesis were expressed to comparable levels in the two groups of animals. Comparison of the expression of several genes involved in inflammation and repair demonstrated that IL (interleukin)-4 and the M2 marker MGL-1 (macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin 1) were differentially expressed in Balb/C and C57Bl/6 mice. No significant differences in the degree of steatosis were observed in all groups of mice fed on the MCD diet. We conclude that, in experimental murine steatohepatitis, the effects of CCL2 deficiency are markedly dependent on the genetic background.
The Future of the Information Systems Discipline: A Response to Walsham
Authors: March Salvatore T. , Niederman Fred 
Published: May 2012

We must look ahead at today's radical changes in technology, not just as forecasters but as actors charged with designing and bringing about a sustainable and acceptable world. New knowledge gives us power for change: for good or ill, for knowledge is neutral. The problems we face go well beyond technology: problems of living in harmony with nature, and most important, living in harmony with each other. Information technology, so closely tied to the properties of the human mind, can give us, if we ask the right questions, the special insights we need to advance these goals. Herbert A. Simon (2000)
Theoretical investigation of rare gas hydride cations: HRgN2+ (Rg=He, Ar, Kr, and Xe)
Authors: Jayasekharan T. , Ghanty T. K. 
Published: May 2012

Rare gas containing protonated nitrogen cations, HRgN2+ (Rg=He, Ar, Kr, and Xe), have been predicted using quantum computational methods. HRgN2+ ions exhibit linear structure (C∞v symmetry) at the minima and show planar structure (Cs symmetry) at the transition state. The stability is determined by computing the energy differences between the predicted ions and its various unimolecular dissociation products. Analysis of energy diagram indicates that HXeN2+ is thermodynamically stable with respect to dissociated products while HHeN2+, HArN2+, and HKrN2+ ions are metastable with small barrier heights. Moreover, the computed intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis also confirms that the minima and the 2-body global dissociation products are connected through transition states for the metastable ions. The coupled-cluster theory computed dissociation energies corresponding to the 2-body dissociation (HN2+ + Rg) is −288.4, −98.3, −21.5, and 41.4 kJ mol−1 for HHeN2+, HArN2+, HKrN2+, and HXeN2+ ions, respectively. The dissociation energies are positive for all the other channels implying that the predicted ions are stable with respect to other 2- and 3-body dissociation channels. Atoms-in-molecules analysis indicates that predicted ions may be best described as HRg+N2. It should be noted that the energetic of HXeN2+ ion is comparable to that of the experimentally observed stable mixed cations, viz. (RgHRg′)+. Therefore, it may be possible to prepare and characterize HXeN2+ ions in an electron bombardment matrix isolation technique.
Irregular topography at the Earth’s inner core boundary
Authors: Dai Zhiyang , Wang Wei , Wen Lianxing 
Published: May 2012

Compressional seismic wave reflected off the Earth’s inner core boundary (ICB) from earthquakes occurring in the Banda Sea and recorded at the Hi-net stations in Japan exhibits significant variations in travel time (from -2 to 2.5 s) and amplitude (with a factor of more than 4) across the seismic array. Such variations indicate that Earth’s ICB is irregular, with a combination of at least two scales of topography: a height variation of 14 km changing within a lateral distance of no more than 6 km, and a height variation of 4–8 km with a lateral length scale of 2–4 km. The characteristics of the ICB topography indicate that small-scale variations of temperature and/or core composition exist near the ICB, and/or the ICB topographic surface is being deformed by small-scale forces out of its thermocompositional equilibrium position and is metastable.