bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection from RNA and DNA Viruses by IL-32
Authors: Zepp Jarod A. , Nold-Petry Claudia A. , Dinarello Charles A. , Nold Marcel F. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Several studies have documented a proinflammatory role for IL-32, which induces IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, and chemokines via NF-κB, p38MAPK, and AP-1. However, IL-32 also participates in the responses to infection with viruses such as HIV-1 and influenza. In this study, we explored these antiviral properties of IL-32. Vital staining assays demonstrated that low concentrations (5–10 ng/ml) of rIL-32γ protected epithelial WISH cells from vesicular stomatitis virus-induced cell death. By lactate dehydrogenase assays, treatment with IL-32γ resulted in a 3- to 4-fold decrease in viral load. Specific silencing of IL-32 revealed that the antiviral responses triggered by the synthetic analogs of ssRNA viruses (polyuridine) and dsRNA viruses (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) were significantly weaker (2- to 3-fold more virus) in WISH cells in the absence of IL-32. Importantly, we discovered that the polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced increase in production of IFN-α in human PBMC was nearly completely abolished when IL-32 was silenced. Moreover, we observed that IL-32 antagonizes the DNA virus HSV-2 in epithelial Vero cells as well as in human umbilical cord endothelial cells, as production of HSV-2 increased 8-fold upon silencing of IL-32 (p &lt; 0.001). Mechanistically, we found that IL-32 used the PKR-eIF-2α as well as the MxA antiviral pathways. Unexpectedly, a considerable part of the antiviral properties of IL-32 was not dependent on IFNs; specific blockade of IFN activity reduced the antiviral properties of IL-32 only moderately. In conclusion, these data suggest a central role for IL-32 in the immune response to RNA and DNA viruses, which may be exploitable for clinical use in the future.
Nondominant CD8 T Cells Are Active Players in the Vaccine-Induced Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Uram Jennifer N. , Black Chelsea M. , Flynn Emilee , Huang Lanqing , Armstrong Todd D. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
We previously reported that CD8+ T cells are directed predominantly toward the immunodominant Her-2/neu (neu) epitope RNEU420–429 in nontolerized FVB/N but not tolerized HER-2/neu (neu-N) mice. In this study, we screened overlapping peptides of the entire neu protein and identified six new epitopes recognized by vaccine-induced neu-N–derived T cells. Evaluation of individual nondominant responses by tetramer staining and IFN-γ secretion demonstrate that this repertoire is peripherally tolerized. To address the role that the complete CD8+ T cell repertoire plays in vaccine-induced antitumor immunity, we created a whole-cell vaccine-expressing neu cDNA that has been mutated at the RNEU420–429 anchor residue, thereby abrogating activation of immunodominant epitope responses. Studies comparing the mutated and nonmutated vaccines indicate that nondominant CD8+ T cells can induce antitumor immunity when combined with regulatory T cell-depleting agents in both neu-N and FVB/N mice. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the neu-directed T cell repertoire is not intrinsically incapable of eradicating tumors. Rather, they are suppressed by mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Thus, these studies provide new insights into the function of the complete T cell repertoire directed toward a clinically relevant tumor Ag in tumor-bearing hosts.
Serum micronutrient concentrations in beef cows before and after the summer grazing season
Authors: Van De Weyer L.M. , Hendrick S. , Waldner C.L. 
Published: February 2011

Serum concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, vitamin A, and vitamin E were measured at the start and at the end of the summer grazing season in an observational field study of 791 commercial beef cows from 40 cow-calf herds from five community pastures. Copper and vitamin A were higher in the fall (P < 0.001), and Mo (P < 0.001) and selenium (P < 0.001) were lower in the fall compared with the spring. Cows aged 10-14 yr had lower concentrations of vitamin A (P < 0.001) and vitamin E (spring: P = 0.010; fall: P < 0.001) than cows aged 4-9 yr. Cows with thin pre-breeding body condition scores were more likely to have lower pre-breeding Cu concentrations than cows that were not thin (P = 0.044). Cows that were thin at the end of the grazing season were more likely to have lower vitamin A concentrations at this time than cows that were not thin (P = 0.033). Trace mineral supplementation given before calving was associated with higher spring concentrations of Cu (P = 0.007). Season of sample collection and the physiological status of the animals should be considered when interpreting the serum micronutrient status of beef cows and developing supplementation programs.
Uma análise do desenvolvimento dos estudos de estratégia no ramo imobiliário a partir das influências mais recentes dos stakeholders
Authors: Giglio Ernesto Michelangelo , Ryngelblum Arnaldo Luiz 
Published: February 2011

O negócio imobiliário é o segundo em importância econômica e social no Brasil, mas não figura como tema relevante de pesquisa acadêmica. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho é avaliar a evolução dos estudos de estratégia no negócio, considerando que existem exemplos de desenvolvimentos empíricos cujas características podem propiciar contribuições teóricas em estratégia. Com base na teoria dos stakeholders foi realizado um trabalho de construção de oito categorias que estruturam o negócio. Em seguida, utilizando uma metodologia de análise de conteúdo, foram analisados 48 artigos apresentados nos congressos EnAnpad nos últimos 13 anos. Os resultados apontam uma tendência de foco nos processos operacionais, deixando de considerar a complexidade da cadeia do negócio, as relações entre os atores e as mudanças do campo organizacional. As contribuições a partir dos resultados consistem em identificar inovações e mudanças de stakeholders desse campo organizacional e sua influência sobre as empresas da rede de negócios do ra mo imobiliário, o que leva à proposta de um ponto de partida de desenvolvimento de estratégias e um leque de pesquisas para o tema imobiliário.
Psychometric Validation of the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire
Authors: Little Lauren M. , Freuler Ashley C. , Houser Marisa B. , Guckian Lisa , Carbine Kristin , David Fabian J. , Baranek Grace T. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
INTRODUCTION. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (Version 1; Baranek, David, Poe, Stone, & Watson 2006), a brief caregiver questionnaire for young children with autism and developmental delays used to identify sensory processing patterns in the context of daily activities.
METHOD. Caregiver questionnaires (N = 358) were analyzed to determine internal consistency. The test–retest subsample (n = 24) completed two assessments within 2–4 wk. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were analyzed using Cronbach’s coefficient α and intraclass correlation coefficients, respectively.
RESULTS. Internal consistency for the SEQ was α = .80. Test–retest reliability for the total score was excellent, with ICC = .92.
DISCUSSION. The SEQ is an internally consistent and reliable caregiver report measure of young children’s sensory processing patterns of hypo- and hyperresponsiveness. The SEQ can be used as an early tool for identifying sensory patterns in young children with autism and other developmental disabilities.
Preparation and Application of Multiple‐Component‐Doped Keggin Polyoxometalate Microtubes—Towards a Component‐Tunable Hollow Structure
Authors: Shen Yan , Peng Jun , Pang Haijun , Zhang Pengpeng , Chen Dan , Chen Changyun , Zhang Huanqiu , Meng Cuili , Su Zhongmin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the preparation of ascorbic acid (AA)‐doped polyoxometalate (SiW12‐AA) microtubes is described. The SiW12‐AA microtubes convert to heteropoly blue microtubes upon exposure to ammonia gas, which is an ammonia‐triggered solid–solid redox reaction between AA molecules and polyoxometalates, and can possibly be applied to a chemical sensor for detecting ammonia and volatile organic amines. Furthermore, the SiW12‐AA microtubes have been applied to the in situ synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) through the redox reaction between the AA component and Ag+ ions occurring on the surfaces of the SiW12‐AA microtubes to give silver NPs immobilized on polyoxometalate microtubes (Ag@SiW12).
Silver and Gold Icosahedra: One‐Pot Water‐Based Synthesis and Their Superior Performance in the Electrocatalysis for Oxygen Reduction Reactions in Alkaline Media
Authors: Kuai Long , Geng Baoyou , Wang Shaozhen , Zhao Yanyan , Luo Yinchan , Jiang Han 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMuch effort has gone into generating polyhedral noble metal nanostructures because of their superior electrocatalytic activities for fuel cells. Herein, we report uniform, high‐yield icosahedral silver and gold nanoparticles by using a facile one‐pot, seedless, water‐based approach that incorporates polyvinyl pyrrolidone and ammonia. Electrocatalysis of the oxygen‐reduction reaction was carried out in alkaline media to evaluate the performance of the icosahedral nanoparticles. They showed excellent stability and much higher electrocatalytic activity than the spherelike nanoparticles; they display a positive shift in reduction peak potential for O2 of 0.14 and 0.05 V, while the reduction peak currents of the silver and gold icosahedra are 1.5‐ and 1.6‐fold, respectively, better than the spherelike nanoparticles. More importantly, the icosahedral nanoparticles display electrocatalytic activities comparable with commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. The facile preparation of icosahedral silver and gold nanoparticles and their superior performance in the oxygen reduction reaction render them attractive replacements for Pt as cathode electrocatalysts in alkaline fuel cells.
Variable‐Temperature IR Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on CO2 Adsorbed in Zeolite K‐FER
Authors: Otero Areán Carlos , Rodríguez Delgado Montserrat , Fiol Bibiloni Gabriel , Bludský Ota , Nachtigall Petr 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAdsorption of CO2 in K‐FER zeolite is investigated by a combination of variable‐temperature IR spectroscopy and periodic DFT calculations augmented for description of dispersion interactions. Calculated adsorption enthalpies for CO2 adsorption complexes on single extra‐framework K+ sites and on dual‐cation sites where CO2 interacts simultaneously with two extra‐framework K+ cations (−40 and −44 kJ mol−1, respectively) are in excellent agreement with experimental values. The analysis of effects on the frequency of the asymmetric CO2 stretching mode ν3 shows that polarization of CO2 by the K+ cation leads to an increase in ν3, while the interaction of CO2 with the zeolite framework leads to a decrease in ν3. In the case of K‐FER, the latter effect is slightly larger than the former, and thus a small redshift in ν3 results (−3 cm−1 with respect to free CO2). For adsorption complexes on dual K+ sites, where CO2 interacts with one K+ cation on each end of the molecule, the polarization of CO2 molecules on both sides results in a blueshift of ν3. The origin of the redshift in ν3 when CO2 is adsorbed in purely siliceous FER is also investigated computationally. Calculations show that the dispersion interaction does not affect the vibrational frequency of adsorbed CO2.
Determination of Benzocaine Using HPLC and FIA with Amperometric Detection on a Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Dejmkova Hana , Vokalova Veronika , Zima Jiri , Barek Jiri 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new method for benzocaine determination employing FIA and HPLC with electrochemical detection on a carbon paste electrode was developed. The optimum conditions for the determination were found. Carrier solution for FIA consisted of B–R buffer pH 4 (80 % methanol, v/v) and used flow rate was 1.0 mL min−1. Mobile phase for HPLC consisted of B–R buffer pH 4 (75 % methanol, v/v) with flow rate 0.4 mL min−1. Working potential of +1.2 V was employed. Practical applicability of the methods was tested on the determination of benzocaine in selected pharmaceuticals. The results were in agreement with results obtained using spectrophotometric detection and with one exception also with the content declared by the manufacturer.
Toxicological assessment of 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol and glycidol fatty acid esters in food
Authors: Bakhiya Nadiya , Abraham Klaus , Gürtler Rainer , Appel Klaus Erich , Lampen Alfonso 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFatty acid esters of 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) and glycidol are a newly identified class of food process contaminants. They are widespread in refined vegetable oils and fats and have been detected in vegetable fat‐containing products, including infant formulas. There are no toxicological data available yet on the 3‐MCPD and glycidol esters, and the primary toxicological concern is based on the potential release of 3‐MCPD or glycidol from the parent esters by lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. Although 3‐MCPD is assessed as a nongenotoxic carcinogen with a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 μg/kg body weight (bw), glycidol is a known genotoxic carcinogen, which induces tumors in numerous organs of rodents. The initial exposure estimates, conducted by Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) under the assumption that 100% of the 3‐MPCD and glycidol are released from their esters, revealed especially that infants being fed commercial infant formula could ingest harmful amounts of 3‐MCPD and glycidol. However, the real oral bioavailability may be lower. As this gives rise for toxicological concern, the currently available toxicological data of 3‐MCPD and glycidol and their esters are summarized in this review and discussed with regard to data gaps and further research needs.
Mechanical properties of pea starch films associated with xanthan gum and glycerol
Authors: da Matta Manoel Divino , Sarmento Silene Bruder Silveira , de Oliveira Léa Mariza , Zocchi Silvio Sandoval 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of xanthan gum and glycerol to the starch of green pea with high content of AM (cv. Utrillo) in the preparation of films and their physical characteristics. Filmogenic solution (FS) with different levels of pea starch (3, 4, and 5%), xanthan gum (0, 0.05, and 0.1%), and glycerol (glycerol–starch ratio of 1:5 w/w) were studied. The FS was obtained by boiling (5 min), followed by autoclaving for 1 h at 120°C. The films were prepared by casting. Films prepared only with pea starch were mechanically resistant when compared to other films, prepared with corn, cassava, rice, and even other pea cultivars (yellow, commercial). The tensile strength of these films is comparable to synthetic films prepared with high‐density polyethylene and linear low‐density polyethylene. However, they are films of low elasticity when compared to other films, such as rice starch films, and especially when compared to polyethylene films. The increased concentration of starch in the solution increased the puncture force. The increased concentration of glycerol slightly decreased the film crystallinity and interfered in the mechanical properties of the films, causing reduction of the maximum values of tensile strength, strain at break, and puncture force. The plasticizer also caused an increase of elongation at break. Xanthan gum was important to formation of films; however, it did not affect their mechanical properties.
The ambiguous life ofDientamoeba fragilis: the need to investigate current hypotheses on transmission
Authors: BARRATT JOEL L. N. , HARKNESS JOHN , MARRIOTT DEBORAH , ELLIS JOHN T. , STARK DAMIEN 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYDientamoeba fragilisis an inhabitant of the human bowel and is associated with gastrointestinal illness. Despite its discovery over a century ago, the details ofDientamoeba'slife cycle are unclear and its mode of transmission is unknown. Several theories exist which attempt to explain howDientamoebamay be transmitted. One theory suggests that animals are responsible for the transmission ofDientamoeba. However, reports ofDientamoebain animals are sporadic and most are not supported by molecular evidence. Another theory suggests thatDientamoebamay be transmitted via the ova of a helminth. Given that the closest relative ofDientamoebais transmitted via the ova of a helminth, this theory seems plausible. It has also been suggested thatDientamoebacould be transmitted directly between humans. This theory also seems plausible given that other relatives ofDientamoebaare transmitted in this way. Despite numerous investigations,Dientamoeba's mode of transmission remains unknown. This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of theories relating toDientamoeba's mode of transmission and, by doing so, indicates where gaps in current knowledge exist. Where information is lacking, suggestions are made as to how future research could improve our knowledge on the life cycle ofDientamoeba.
Waves in Poynting-flux dominated jets
Authors: Kirk John G. , Mochol Iwona 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHigh-energy emission from blazars is thought to arise in a relativistic jet launched by a supermassive black hole. The rapid variability of the emission suggests that structure of length scale smaller than the gravitational radius of the central black hole is imprinted on the jet as it is launched, and modulates the radiation released after it has been accelerated to high Lorentz factor. We describe a mechanism which can account for the acceleration of the jet, and for the rapid variability of the radiation, based on the propagation characteristics of nonlinear waves in charge-starved, polar jets. These exhibit a delayed acceleration phase, that kicks-in when the inertia associated with the wave currents becomes important. The time structure imprinted on the jet at launch modulates the photons produced by the accelerating jet provided that the electromagnetic cascade in the black-hole magnetosphere is not prolific.
Broad emission lines for a negatively spinning black hole
Authors: Dauser T. , Wilms J. , Reynolds C. S. , Brenneman L. W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present an extended scheme for the calculation of the profiles of emission lines from accretion disks around rotating black holes. The scheme includes disks with angular momenta which are parallel and antiparallel with respect to the black hole's angular momentum, as both configurations are assumed to be stable (King et al. 2005). Based on a Green's function approach, an arbitrary radius dependence of the disk emissivity and arbitrary limb darkening laws can be easily taken into account, while the amount of precomputed data is significantly reduced with respect to other available models. We discuss line shapes for such disks and present a code for modelling observational data with this scheme in X-ray data analysis programs. A detailed discussion will soon be presented in a forthcoming paper (Dauser et al. 2010).
The image jets modeling of gravitationally lensed sources
Authors: Larchenkova Tatiana , Lutovinov Alexander , Lyskova Natalya 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe jets image modelling of gravitationally lensed sources have been performed. Several basic models of the lens mass distribution were considered, in particular, a singular isothermal ellipsoid, an isothermal ellipsoid with the core, different multi-components models with the galactic disk, halo and bulge. The obtained jet images were compared as with each other as with results of observations. A significant dependence of the Hubble constant on the model parameters was revealed for B0218+357, when the circular structure was took into account.
A lepto-hadronic model for the high energy emission from the jets of FR I radiogalaxies
Authors: Reynoso Matías M. , Medina María C. , Romero Gustavo E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present a lepto-hadronic model for the VHE emission from the relativistic jets of FR I radiogalaxies. We assume that protons and electrons are accelerated in a compact region near the base of the jet, and they cool emitting multiwavelength radiation as they propagate along the jet. The particle distributions are obtained using an inhomogeneous steady-state transport equation that accounts for the cooling processes as well as the convection of particles in the jet. The dominant processes that contribute to the photon SED are electron and proton synchrotron radiation, inverse Compton interactions, and the inelastic collisions pp and pγ. The accompanying neutrino output is obtained and the possibility of detection with Km3Net and IceCube is discussed for the cases of Cen A and M87.
Analysing VLBI images of astrophysical jets via cross-entropy global optimisation method
Authors: Caproni Anderson , Monteiro Hektor , Abraham Zulema 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMost of jets detected in AGN blazar sources exhibit a morphological structure usually composed by a spatially unresolved core and jet knots receding from it at relativistic velocities. In some cases, the trajectories of the jet components on the plane of the sky seem to be bent, indicating the existence of some kind of acceleration in the respective motion. However, such claims depend strongly on the correct determination of the structural parameters of the jet components, usually obtained from model fitting procedures performed either in the (u,v) or in the image planes. In this work we introduce a new model fitting technique to obtain structural parameters of knots present in VLBI jet images. Our method that is based on the cross-entropy technique minimises an performance function that depends on the sum of the squared residuals obtained from the comparison of an VLBI image and a model image, constructed by summing Ns elliptical Gaussian synthetic sources. We present in this work the cross-entropy model fittings of benchmark images that were built to simulate most of the conditions encountered in typical VLBI images of active galactic nuclei. Besides recovering the parameters of the jet components in all validation tests, our method is able to point out quantitatively the number of the sources present in the image.
Testing the blazar sequence and black hole mass scaling with BL Lac objects
Authors: Plotkin Richard M. , Markoff Sera , Anderson Scott F. , Kelly Brandon C. , Körding Elmar , Trager Scott C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractJets from accreting black holes appear remarkably similar over eight orders of magnitude in black hole mass, with more massive black holes generally launching more powerful jets. For example, there is an observed correlation, termed the fundamental plane of black hole accretion, between black hole mass, radio luminosity, and X-ray luminosity. Here, we probe the high-mass tail (108–109M⊙) of the accreting black hole distribution with BL Lac objects. We build SEDs for hundreds of SDSS BL Lacs, and we use these SEDs to test the blazar sequence, a proposed anti-correlation between jet power and peak frequency. We then show our BL Lacs fit on the fundamental plane, supporting the non-linear scaling of jet radiation with black hole mass. The subset of BL Lacs considered here compose the largest sample yet used in the above types of studies, reducing potential selection effects and biases.
Nonthermal processes in microquasars
Authors: Bosch-Ramon Valentí 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMicroquasars are X-ray binaries that show extended radio jets. These jets can accelerate particles up to relativistic energies that produce non-thermal emission from radio to TeV, and could also make a non-negligible contribution to the galactic CRs in some energy ranges. The orbital motion and compactness of these sources allow the study of high-energy astrophysical phenomena in extreme conditions that change in accessible timescales. In this work, I briefly discuss the production of broadband non-thermal emission in microquasars, putting special emphasis on the high- and the very high-energy bands.