bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Concise, Metal‐Free Approach to the Synthesis of Oxime Ethers from Cross‐Dehydrogenative‐Coupling of sp3 C–H Bonds with Oximes
Authors: Jin Jun , Li Yan , Wang Zhi‐jing , Qian Wei‐xing , Bao Wei‐liang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA concise oxime ether synthesis by a metal‐free dehydrogenative cross‐coupling reaction between allylic sp3 C–H bonds and oximes promoted by 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanoquinone (DDQ) is reported. The corresponding oxime ethers are obtained in good yields.
Three‐dimensional transient Navier–Stokes solvers in cylindrical coordinate system based on a spectral collocation method using explicit treatment of the pressure
Authors: Li Ben‐Wen , Zhao Yu‐Rong , Yu Yang , Qian Zhong‐Dong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA spectral collocation method is developed for solving the three‐dimensional transient Navier–Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinate system. The Chebyshev–Fourier spectral collocation method is used for spatial approximation. A second‐order semi‐implicit scheme with explicit treatment of the pressure and implicit treatment of the viscous term is used for the time discretization. The pressure Poisson equation enforces the incompressibility constraint for the velocity field, and the pressure is solved through the pressure Poisson equation with a Neumann boundary condition. We demonstrate by numerical results that this scheme is stable under the standard Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition, and is second‐order accurate in time for the velocity, pressure, and divergence. Further, we develop three accurate, stable, and efficient solvers based on this algorithm by selecting different collocation points in r‐, ϕ ‐, and z‐directions. Additionally, we compare two sets of collocation points used to avoid the axis, and the numerical results indicate that using the Chebyshev Gauss–Radau points in radial direction to avoid the axis is more practical for solving our problem, and its main advantage is to save the CPU time compared with using the Chebyshev Gauss–Lobatto points in radial direction to avoid the axis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type IV collagen induces expression of thrombospondin‐1 that is mediated by integrin α1β1 in astrocytes
Authors: Yonezawa Tomoko , Hattori Shunji , Inagaki Junko , Kurosaki Masae , Takigawa Tomoyuki , Hirohata Satoshi , Miyoshi Toru , Ninomiya Yoshifumi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFollowing brain injury, thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) is involved in angiogenesis and synaptic recovery. In this study, we used a cold injury‐model and found that TSP‐1 mRNA was markedly upregulated after brain injury. Immunohistochemistry showed that TSP‐1 was upregulated in both the core of the lesion and in the perilesional area of injured brain tissue. Numerous astrocytes immunopositive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were found in the perilesional area, and TSP‐1 was also expressed in almost all astrocytes surrounding blood vessels at 4 days after injury. Next, we examined the influence of vascular basement membrane components on TSP‐1 expression. When astrocytes were cultured on type IV collagen, TSP‐1 was significantly upregulated compared with the expression when cells were grown on laminin, fibronectin, or poly‐L‐lysine. This increase occurred exclusively when astrocytes were grown on the native form of type IV collagen but not on the heat‐denatured form or the non‐collagenous 1 domain. Further, integrin α1 and β1 mRNAs were upregulated concomitantly with GFAP mRNA, and integrin α1 protein was localized to the endfeet of astrocytes that surrounded blood vessels in the injured brain. Using function‐blocking antibodies, we found that the effectof type IV collagen was attributed to integrin α1β1 in primary astrocytes. Collectively, our results suggest that vascular basement membrane components substantially impact gene expression in astrocytes during brain tissue repair. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glaucomatous optic nerve injury involves early astrocyte reactivity and late oligodendrocyte loss
Authors: Son Janice L. , Soto Ileana , Oglesby Ericka , Lopez‐Roca Teresa , Pease Mary E. , Quigley Harry A. , Marsh‐Armstrong Nicholas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGlaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease affecting retinal ganglion cells (RGC), is a leading cause of blindness. Since gliosis is common in neurodegenerative disorders, it is important to describe the changes occurring in various glial populations in glaucoma animal models in relation to axon loss, as only changes that occur early are likely to be useful therapeutic targets. Here, we describe changes occurring in glia within the myelinated portion of the optic nerve (ON) in both DBA/2J mice and in a rat ocular hypertension model. In both glaucoma animal models, we found only a modest loss of oligodendrocytes that occurred after axons had already degenerated. In DBA/2J mice there was proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and new oligodendrocyte generation. Activation of microglia was detected only in highly degenerated DBA/2J ONs. In contrast, a large increase in astrocyte reactivity occurred early in both animal models. These results are consistent with astrocytes playing a prominent role in regulating axon loss in glaucoma. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New aluminum‐based ionic liquids: Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical study
Authors: Tavakol Hossein , Hatami Saeed , Ghammamy Shahryar , Bebahani Gholamreza Rezaei , Shabani Fahmideh 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSynthesis, characterization, spectral and molecular parameters of some new room‐temperature ionic liquids (tetraalkylammonium bromotrichloro aluminum [R4N]+[AlCl3Br]−) have been studied in the present study. All synthesized ionic liquids were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C, and 81Br‐NMR. In addition, synthesized structures were optimized at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory and then the structures, molecular specifications, and infrared spectra of these were extracted using Gaussian 03 program. Theoretical data show good agreement with the experimental results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:398–404, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20564
Addition of di‐(trimethylsilyl)phosphite to N,N′‐dialkyl terephthalic schiff bases: Synthesis of 1,4‐phenylene‐bis‐ (aminomethyl)‐phosphonic acids
Authors: Lewkowski Jarosław , Dziȩgielewski Marek 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe addition of di‐(trimethylsilyl)phosphite to N,N′‐terephthalylidene‐alkyl‐(or aryl‐)amines resulted in 1,4‐phenylene‐bis‐(N‐alkylamino‐ methyl)‐phosphonic acids in moderate yields. The stereochemical behavior of such reactions was studied, and NMR studies demonstrated that, for several examples, this reaction led to the exclusive formation of only one diastereomeric form. The investigation of the chiral salt of the acid identified the pair of enantiomers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:431–435, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20569
Ophthalmoplegia secondary to raised intracranial pressure after unilateral neck dissection with internal jugular vein sacrifice
Authors: Ward Matthew J. A. , Faris Callum , Upile Tahwinder , Patel Nimesh N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundNeck dissection is commonly performed in the management of head and neck malignancy and may involve internal jugular vein (IJV) sacrifice. Potential complications include intracranial hypertension. This is well documented after bilateral neck dissection, although only scattered reports exist after unilateral IJV sacrifice.MethodsA 54‐year‐old man underwent unilateral left modified radical neck dissection for T1N2b squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base. He presented 13 days postoperatively with symptoms of headache and diplopia.ResultsInvestigations revealed intracranial hypertension and bilateral abducens nerve palsies. He was treated with serial lumbar puncture, and his symptoms improved over the course of 2 weeks.ConclusionsIntracranial hypertension sufficient to cause visual disturbance is a serious complication of unilateral neck dissection. Head and neck surgeons must be aware of this and have a low threshold for investigation of the signs and symptoms of intracranial hypertension in the postoperative period. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Investigation of optimal intensity and safety of electrical nerve stimulation during intraoperative neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: A prospective porcine model
Authors: Wu Che‐Wei , Lu I‐Cheng , Randolph Gregory W. , Kuo Wen‐Rei , Lee Ka‐Wo , Chen Chang‐Lin , Chiang Feng‐Yu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has recently been more frequently applied in thyroid surgery. However, concerns have been raised regarding the safety and optimal intensity of electrical nerve stimulation.MethodsEight piglets were enrolled, and electrically evoked electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the vocalis muscles via endotracheal surface electrodes. The baseline EMG was measured and continuous pulsatile stimulations were performed on the vagus nerve and RLN for 10 minutes. Changes of EMG waveform and cardiopulmonary status were analyzed.ResultsA dose–response curve existed with increasing EMG amplitude as stimulating current was increased, with maximum amplitude elicited on vagal and RLN stimulation at <1 mA. No obvious EMG changes and untoward cardiopulmonary effects were observed after the stimulation.ConclusionsElectrical stimulation is safe during IONM in this porcine model. Minimal current that required generating the maximal evoked EMG, approximately 1 mA in this study, can be selected to minimize the risk of nerve damage and cardiopulmonary effects. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
The Sonogashira Coupling of Polymer‐Supported Propargylamine with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Leikoski Tuomo , Kallonen Sirkku , Yli‐Kauhaluoma Jari 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Sonogashira coupling reaction of polymer‐supported propargylamine (=prop‐2‐yn‐1‐amine) with aryl iodides in the presence of the [Pd(PPh3)2]Cl2/CuI catalyst system produces 3‐arylprop‐1‐yn‐1‐amines smoothly at room temperature (Scheme). When propargylamine is attached on Wang resin through a carbamate linker, the common problems with amino functionality in palladium‐catalyzed couplings are overcome. The arylpropynamines are cleaved from the polymer with CF3COOH and converted into chromatographically easily separable acetamides. Our solid‐phase method opens a new pathway toward precursors of pharmacologically interesting arylpropynamines and arylpropanamines.
Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on L‐Phenylalanine Derivatives with a Positively Charged Terminal Group
Authors: Fu Xin‐Jian , Zhang Hua , Zhou Si‐Kai , Liu Shao‐Bing , Guo Fu‐Quan , Wang Hong , Yang Ya‐Jiang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new hydrogelator based on L‐phenylalanine with a long hydrophobic chain and positively charged terminus was synthesized, and its gelation behavior in H2O was investigated. Polarized optical microscopy (POM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the hydrogelator self‐assembles into fibres‐like aggregates which then lead to the formation of a hydrogel. 1H‐NMR and CD spectra of hydrogels and aqueous solution revealed that intermolecular H‐bonding between the amide groups was the driving force for gelation. A luminescence study, in which ANS (8‐anilinonaphthalene‐1‐sulfonic acid) was used as a probe, indicated that the hydrophobic interactions between long chains were the driving force for gelation. Consequently, it was proved that the hydrogelator self‐assembles into fibre‐like aggregates and then forms supramolecular hydrogels through the H‐bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
Cascade Synthesis of Functionalized 2H‐Imidazo[5,1‐a]isoquinolinium Chlorides from Isoquinoline, Chloro­formamidines (=Carbamimidoyl Chlorides), and Isocyanides
Authors: Yavari Issa , Khalili Gholamhossein , Mirzaei Anvar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStable derivatives of 2H‐imidazo[5,1‐a]isoquinolinium chloride are obtained in good yields from the cascade reaction between isoquinoline, chloroformamidines (=carbamimidoyl chlorides), and isocyanides in dry MeCN (Scheme 1).
The psychiatrist confronted with a fibromyalgia patient
Authors: Kasper Siegfried 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFibromyalgia is usually treated by rheumatologists but since co‐morbid depression and anxiety are frequent, psychiatrists are likely to be confronted with patients suffering from the syndrome. The symptoms associated with fibromyalgia vary from patient to patient but there is one common symptom—they ache all over. In addition to pain, patients report headaches, poor sleep, fatigue, depressed mood and irregular bowel habits, which are also all symptoms of depression. For a formal diagnosis of fibromyalgia, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria require the patient to have widespread pain for at least 3 months together with tenderness at 11 or more of 18 specific tender points.Treatment of fibromyalgia requires a comprehensive approach involving education, aerobic exercise and cognitive behavioural therapy in addition to pharmacotherapy. The most effective drugs available for the treatment for fibromyalgia, the serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, milnacipran and duloxetine and the anti‐epileptic, pregabalin, are well known to psychiatrists. Thus the psychiatrist is well placed to initiate treatment in these patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) in fibromyalgia and the response to milnacipran
Authors: Mainguy Yves 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFunctional imaging has been used to study response to pain in fibromyalgia patients. Functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) which tracks local changes in blood flow has a higher spatial and temporal resolution than other techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single‐photon emission tomography (SPECT). fMRI studies in fibromyalgia patients suggest that similar levels of subjective pain result in similar central nervous system (CNS) activation in both fibromyalgia patients and controls. For a similar stimulus, however, fibromyalgia patients have a greater subjective sensation of pain. This increased sensitivity is accompanied with a decreased activity in brain regions implicated in the descending pain inhibitory pathways. The hypothesis that increased sensitivity to pain is due to decreased activity of the descending inhibitory pathways is supported by results with milnacipran. Fibromyalgia patients treated with the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, milnacipran, exhibited a reduction in pain sensitivity and a parallel increase in activity in brain regions implicated in the descending pain inhibitory pathways compared to placebo‐treated patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic polymorphisms ofMPO,GSTT1,GSTM1,GSTP1,EPHX1andNQO1as risk factors of early‐onset lung cancer
Authors: Timofeeva Maria , Kropp Silke , Sauter Wiebke , Beckmann Lars , Rosenberger Albert , Illig Thomas , Jäger Birgit , Mittelstrass Kirstin , Dienemann Hendrik ,   The LUCY‐Consortium, Bartsch Helmut , Bickeböller Heike , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Risch Angela , Wichmann Heinz‐Erich 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEarly‐onset lung cancer diagnosed up to the age of 50 is a very rare disease, with an increasing incidence rate. Differences in aetiology, characteristics and epidemiology of early and older onset lung cancer have been described previously, suggesting the importance of genetic factors in early‐onset lung cancer aetiology. A case‐control study was conducted to investigate the effects of genetic polymorphisms in theMPO,EPHX1,GSTT1,GSTM1,GSTP1andNQO1genes on the risk of early‐onset lung cancer development. Six hundred thirty‐eight Caucasian patients under the age of 51 with confirmed primary lung cancer and 1,300 cancer free control individuals, matched by age and sex, were included in this analysis. Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms and two deletion polymorphisms were genotyped. No significant association was found for any of the analyzed polymorphisms and overall lung cancer risk. Nonsignificantly decreased risk of lung cancer was observed for carriers of 1 or 2 copies ofGSTM1. Subgroup analysis revealed gender‐ and/or smoking‐specific effects ofEPHX1rs2854455 (IV‐1464C > T) and rs2234922 (His139Arg),GSTT1deletion,GSTP1rs1695 (Ile105Val), rs947895 (+991C > A) and rs4891 (Ser185Ser) andNQO1rs1800566 (Pro187Ser) polymorphisms. However, none of the observed effects were confirmed by interaction tests nor were they significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. In summary, our study suggested a modifying effect of polymorphisms inEPHX1,GSTP1,GSTT1,GSTM1andNQO1genes on the risk of early‐onset lung cancer. To confirm these observations and to eliminate possible bias in our analyses, larger studies are warranted.
Use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and prostate cancer risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mahmud Salaheddin M. , Franco Eduardo L. , Aprikian Armen G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe association between use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the risk of prostate cancer remains controversial despite many observational epidemiological studies. We conducted a systematic meta‐analysis of these studies to examine both the strength and the consistency of the association, and to explore sources of variability between studies. We searched 12 computerized literature databases for reports published before June 2008 and included any epidemiologic studies where the outcome was prostate cancer incidence or mortality, and the exposure was use of NSAIDs. Studies that met the inclusion criteria comprised 10 case–control and 14 cohort studies with a total of 24,230 prostate cancer cases. Studies that assessed the effect of aspirin use on total prostate cancer had a pooled odds ratio (POR) of 0.83 (95%CI: 0.77–0.89), whereas those that assessed the effect of aspirin on advanced prostate cancer had a POR of 0.81 (0.72–0.92). Studies that examined the effects of non‐aspirin NSAIDs or all NSAIDs were less consistent but still suggestive of reduced risks. However, most reviewed studies were limited by exposure and disease misclassification, by inadequate information on dose and duration of use and by the possibility of screening and other biases. In conclusion, the epidemiologic evidence for a protective effect of aspirin and other NSAID use against prostate cancer is suggestive but not conclusive. There is a need for well‐designed observational studies with adequate exposure measurements, accurate case definition, attention to latency effects, and careful adjustment for screening and other biases.
Poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)/titania composite microsphere‐sintered scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Wang Yingjun , Shi Xuetao , Ren Li , Yao Yongchang , Zhang Feng , Wang Dong‐An 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize novel three‐dimensional porous scaffolds made of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)/nano‐TiO2‐particle composite microspheres for potential bone repair applications. The introduction of TiO2 component has been proven capable of largely enhancing mechanical properties of PLGA/TiO2 microsphere‐sintered scaffold (“PLGA/TiO2‐SMS”). In addition, composite nano‐TiO2 additives are capable of inducing an increased arrest of adhesive proteins from the environment, which benefits cell attachment onto the scaffolds. Osteoblast proliferation and maturation were evaluated by MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bony calcification assay. The results indicate that osteoblasts cultured on the composite scaffolds with different TiO2 content (0, 0.1, and 0.3 g/1 g PLGA) display increased cell proliferation compared with pure PLGA scaffold. When cultured on composite scaffolds, osteoblasts also exhibit significantly enhanced ALP activity and higher calcium secretion, with respect to those on the pure PLGA scaffolds. Taken together, PLGA/TiO2‐SMSs deserve attention utilizing for potential bone‐repairing therapeutics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Effects of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) degradability on the apatite‐forming capacity of electrospun PLGA/SiO2–CaO nonwoven composite fabrics
Authors: Kim In Ae , Rhee Sang‐Hoon 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe investigated the effects of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) degradability on the apatite‐forming ability of electrospun PLGA/SiO2–CaO gel composite fabric. Two PLGA copolymer compositions with low and high degradability were used in experiments. A nonwoven polymer/ceramic composite fabric composed of randomly mixed microsized biodegradable PLGA fibers and nanosized bioactive SiO2–CaO gel fibers was prepared using a simultaneous electrospinning method. A 17 wt.% PLGA solution was prepared using 1,1,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol as a solvent, while the SiO2–CaO gel solution was prepared via a condensation reaction following hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate under acidic conditions. PLGA and SiO2–CaO gel solutions were spun simultaneously with two separate nozzles under electric fields of 1 and 2 kV/cm using two syringe pumps with flow rates of 7.5 and 5 mL/h, respectively. As controls, low and high degradable PLGA and SiO2–CaO gel nonwoven fabrics were also made by the same methods. The five nonwoven fabrics that were produced were exposed to simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 week. SBF exposure resulted in the deposition of a layer of apatite crystals on the surfaces of both the SiO2–CaO gel and the low degradable PLGA/SiO2–CaO gel composite fabrics, but not on the low and high degradable PLGA or the high degradable PLGA/SiO2–CaO gel composite fabrics. The results are explained in terms of the acidity of the PLGA degradation products, which could have a direct influence on apatite dissolution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010