bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterodyne detected nonlinear optical imaging in a lock‐in free manner
Authors: Slipchenko Mikhail N. , Oglesbee Robert A. , Zhang Delong , Wu Wei , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report a compact, cost‐effective tuned amplifier for frequency‐selective amplification of the modulated signal in heterodyne detected nonlinear optical microscopy. Our method improved the signal to noise ratio by an order of magnitude compared to conventional lock‐in detection, as demonstrated through stimulated Raman scattering imaging of live cells and tissues at the speed of 2 μsec/pixel. Application of the tuned amplifier to transient absorption microscopy is also demonstrated. The increased signal to noise ratio allowed epi‐detected in vivo imaging of myelin and blood in rat spinal cord with high spatial resolution. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Subcellular dynamics of multifunctional protein regulation: Mechanisms of GAPDH intracellular translocation
Authors: Sirover Michael A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMultidimensional proteins such as glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) exhibit distinct activities unrelated to their originally identified functions. Apart from glycolysis, GAPDH participates in iron metabolism, membrane trafficking, histone biosynthesis, the maintenance of DNA integrity and receptor mediated cell signaling. Further, multifunctional proteins exhibit distinct changes in their subcellular localization reflecting their new activities. As such, GAPDH is not only a cytosolic protein but is localized in the membrane, the nucleus, polysomes, the ER and the Golgi. In addition, although the initial subcellular localizations of multifunctional proteins may be of significance, dynamic changes in intracellular distribution may occur as a consequence of those new activities. As such, regulatory mechanisms may exist through which cells control multifunctional protein expression as a function of their subcellular localization. The temporal sequence through which subcellular translocation and the acquisition of new GAPDH functions is considered as well as post‐translational modification as a basis for its intracellular transport. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2193–2200, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recruitment of coregulator G9a by Runx2 for selective enhancement or suppression of transcription
Authors: Purcell Daniel J. , Khalid Omar , Ou Chen‐Yin , Little Gillian H. , Frenkel Baruch , Baniwal Sanjeev K. , Stallcup Michael R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRunx2, best known for its role in regulating osteoblast‐specific gene expression, also plays an increasingly recognized role in prostate and breast cancer metastasis. Using the C4‐2B/Rx2dox prostate cancer cell line that conditionally expressed Runx2 in response to doxycycline treatment, we identified and characterized G9a, a histone methyltransferase, as a novel regulator for Runx2 activity. G9a function was locus‐dependent. Whereas depletion of G9a reduced expression of many Runx2 target genes, including MMP9, CSF2, SDF1, and CST7, expression of others, such as MMP13 and PIP, was enhanced. Physical association between G9a and Runx2 was indicated by co‐immunoprecipitation, GST‐pulldown, immunofluorescence, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assays. Since G9a makes repressive histone methylation marks and is primarily known as a corepressor, we further investigated the mechanism by which G9a functioned as a positive regulator for Runx2 target genes. Transient reporter assays indicated that the histone methyltransferase activity of G9a was not required for transcriptional activation by Runx2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays for Runx2 and G9a showed that G9a was recruited to endogenous Runx2 binding sites. We conclude that a subset of cancer‐related Runx2 target genes require recruitment of G9a for their expression, but do not depend on its histone methyltransferase activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2406–2414, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone cells from patients with quiescent Crohn's disease show a reduced growth potential and an impeded maturation
Authors: Oostlander Angela E. , Bravenboer Nathalie , van Essen Huib W. , Klein‐Nulend Jenneke , Lems Willem F. , Schulten Bert A.J.M. , Dijkstra Gerard , van der Woude C. Janneke , van Bodegraven Ad A. , Lips Paul ,   on behalf of the Dutch Initiative on Crohn and Colitis (ICC)
Published: March 2012

AbstractPatients with Crohn's disease (CD) are at increased risk of developing osteoporosis. The mechanism underlying bone loss in CD patients is only partly understood. Inflammation is thought to contribute by causing a disturbed bone remodeling. In this study, we aimed to compare functional characteristics of osteoblasts from CD patients and controls, as osteoblasts are one of the effector cells in bone remodeling. The study included 18 patients with quiescent CD and 18 healthy controls. Bone cells obtained from iliac crest biopsies were cultured in the absence and presence of the inflammatory cytokines IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐10, and TGF‐β. At various time points, cell proliferation and differentiation were analyzed. Bone cells from CD patients showed a prolonged culture period to reach confluence and a decreased cell number at confluence. CD patient‐derived bone cell cultures produced higher alkaline phosphatase levels, whereas osteocalcin levels were considerably reduced compared to control cultures. At the proliferation level, the responsiveness to inflammatory cytokines was similar in bone cells from CD patients and controls. At the differentiation level, CD cultures showed an increased responsiveness to IL‐6 and a decreased responsiveness to TGF‐β. Responsiveness to the other cytokines tested was unaffected. In summary, we show a reduced growth potential and impeded maturation of bone cells from quiescent CD patients in vitro. These disease‐related alterations combined with an unchanged sensitivity of CD patient‐derived bone cells to inflammatory cytokines, provide a new insight in the understanding of CD‐associated bone loss. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2424–2431, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrospinning of Prolamin Proteins in Acetic Acid: The Effects of Protein Conformation and Aggregation in Solution
Authors: Wang Yixiang , Chen Lingyun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe electrospinnability of hordein and gliadin from acetic acid solutions is demonstrated and compared to that of zein. The relation between protein conformations in solution and the properties of post‐spun fibers are studied by means of CD, FTIR, TEM, DLS, viscosity measurements, SEM, and mechanical testing. The results show that both electrospinnability of the proteins and mechanical properties of post‐spun fibers are significantly influenced by solution protein conformations. Ultrafine fibers are fabricated at optimized concentrations, while large compact aggregates caused by hydrophobic interactions have a negative effect on the formation of continuous protein fibers. Moreover, hordein fibers show a lower cytotoxicity than gliadin and zein fibers. magnified image
Lung ventilation‐ and perfusion‐weighted Fourier decomposition magnetic resonance imaging: In vivo validation with hyperpolarized 3He and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Bauman Grzegorz , Scholz Alexander , Rivoire Julien , Terekhov Maxim , Friedrich Janet , de Oliveira Andre , Semmler Wolfhard , Schreiber Laura Maria , Puderbach Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to validate ventilation‐weighted (VW) and perfusion‐weighted (QW) Fourier decomposition (FD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized 3He MRI and dynamic contrast‐enhanced perfusion (DCE) MRI in a controlled animal experiment. Three healthy pigs were studied on 1.5‐T MR scanner. For FD MRI, the VW and QW images were obtained by postprocessing of time‐resolved lung image sets. DCE acquisitions were performed immediately after contrast agent injection. 3He MRI data were acquired following the administration of hyperpolarized helium and nitrogen mixture. After baseline MR scans, pulmonary embolism was artificially produced. FD MRI and DCE MRI perfusion measurements were repeated. Subsequently, atelectasis and air trapping were induced, which followed with FD MRI and 3He MRI ventilation measurements. Distributions of signal intensities in healthy and pathologic lung tissue were compared by statistical analysis. Images acquired using FD, 3He, and DCE MRI in all animals before the interventional procedure showed homogeneous ventilation and perfusion. Functional defects were detected by all MRI techniques at identical anatomical locations. Signal intensity in VW and QW images was significantly lower in pathological than in healthy lung parenchyma. The study has shown usefulness of FD MRI as an alternative, noninvasive, and easily implementable technique for the assessment of acute changes in lung function. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An exploratory case‐only analysis of gene‐hazardous air pollutant interactions and the risk of childhood medulloblastoma
Authors: Lupo Philip J. , Lee Laura J. , Okcu M. Fatih , Bondy Melissa L. , Scheurer Michael E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence that exposure to chlorinated solvents may be associated with childhood medulloblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (M/PNET) risk. Animal models suggest genes related to detoxification and DNA repair are important in the carcinogenicity of these pollutants; however, there have been no human studies assessing the modifying effects of these genotypes on the association between chlorinated solvents and childhood M/PNET risk.ProcedureWe conducted a case‐only study to evaluate census tract‐level exposure to chlorinated solvents and the risk of childhood M/PNET in the context of detoxification and DNA repair genotypes. Cases (n = 98) were obtained from Texas Children's Hospital and MD Anderson Cancer Center. Key genotypes (n = 22) were selected from the Illumina Human 1M Quad SNP Chip. Exposure to chlorinated solvents (methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride) was estimated from the US EPA's 1999 Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide (ASPEN). Logistic regression was used to estimate the case‐only odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThere were 11 significant gene–environment interactions associated with childhood M/PNET risk. However, after correcting for multiple comparisons, only the interaction between high trichloroethylene levels and OGG1 rs293795 significantly increased the risk of childhood M/PNET risk (OR = 9.24, 95% CI: 2.24, 38.24, Q = 0.04).ConclusionsThis study provides an initial assessment of the interaction between ambient levels of chlorinated solvents and potentially relevant genotypes on childhood M/PNET risk. Our results are exploratory and must be validated in animal models, as well as additional human studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:605–610. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Illness perception clusters at diagnosis predict psychological distress among women with breast cancer at 6 months post diagnosis
Authors: McCorry Noleen K. , Dempster Martin , Quinn Joanne , Hogg Alex , Newell Janet , Moore Margaret , Kelly Sheila , Kirk Stephen J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the extent to which illness perceptions and coping strategies among women diagnosed with breast cancer explain psychological distress at diagnosis and at 6 months post diagnosis relative to demographic and illness‐related variables.MethodsWomen were recruited to the study shortly after diagnosis. A total of 90 women completed study materials (Illness Perception Questionnaire‐Revised, the Cancer Coping Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) at time 1. The same questionnaires were sent approximately 6 months later to those who had consented at time 1, and completed questionnaires were returned by 72 women.ResultsCluster analysis was used to identify groups of respondents who reported a similar profile of illness perception scores. Regression analysis demonstrated that one of these clusters was more likely to experience psychological distress than the other both at diagnosis and at 6 months post diagnosis. Illness perception cluster membership and positive focus type coping were the most important and consistent predictors of lower psychological distress at diagnosis and at 6 months post diagnosis.ConclusionsIllness perceptions remained relatively stable over the study period, and therefore we are unable to clarify whether changes in illness cognitions are associated with a corresponding change in psychological symptoms. Future research should evaluate the impact on psychological distress of interventions specifically designed to modify illness cognitions among women with breast cancer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dust explosion incidents in China
Authors: Yan Xing‐Qing , Yu Jian‐Liang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDust explosions occur frequently in process industries leading to serious financial losses and injuries to personnel. Case histories during the past 30 years in China are reviewed in this article. The results indicate that 39% of the accidents occurred in flour and feed industry followed by plastic industry (15%), chemical industry (14%), metal industry (10%), and other industries (22%). Static electricity, welding and cutting, friction spark, electrical spark, and high temperature are the common ignition sources. Poor operating procedures and safety management are the root cause of accidents in China. The approaches to prevent dust explosions are: (a) train workers concerning the hazards of handling dusts, (b) specify guidelines and standards for operations, and (c) improve safety management practices to verify the utilization of training, guidelines, and standards. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Characteristics and simulation analysis of GaN‐based vertical light emitting diodes via wafer‐level additional surface roughening process
Authors: Bae Seong‐Ju , Choi JeHyuk , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Ju In‐Chan , Shin Chan‐Soo , Ko Chul‐Gi , Yu Jae Su 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report the device characteristics of InGaN/GaN blue vertical light emitting diodes (VLEDs) by additional KOH surface roughening process through the wafer‐level fabrication/test, and their simulation analysis in terms of electrical and optical properties. The influence of additional KOH etching time on the evolution of the rough surface and the device performance of VLEDs was investigated. With applying the additional surface roughening, the average operating voltage was gradually increased. In contrast, the average optical output power was increased upto a certain roughening time, but then it decreased again. As a whole, by applying an adequate additional roughening process, the optical power was improved without noticeable increase in the operation voltage. From the simulated current density and light extraction efficiency results, these device behaviours were well explained by the current crowding and bulk absorption effects.
Sharp contrast of the density and size of Ga metal droplets on photolithographically patterned GaAs (100) by droplet epitaxy under an identical growth environment
Authors: Li Ming‐Yu , Lee Jihoon , Wang Zhiming , Hirono Yusuke , Wu Jiang , Song Sangmin , Koo Sang‐Mo , Kim Eun‐Soo , Salamo Gregory J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA sharp contrast of the density and size of Ga metal droplets (MDs) on strip patterned GaAs (100) is demonstrated through droplet epitaxy (DE) and photolithography technique. As clearly evidenced by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), MD density between etched (patterned) and un‐etched (un‐patterned) surfaces can be sharply different up to one order of magnitude under an identical growth condition. Etched surface exhibits much higher density and smaller diameter and height of MDs.
Teaching for Writing Expository Responses to Narrative Texts
Authors: Cummins Sunday , Quiroa Ruth E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this “teaching tips” article is to describe practical classroom instruction that helps elementary students write expository responses to narrative texts. It focuses on the importance of scaffolded, interactive discussions comprised of a combination of teacher think alouds and similar student responses before, during, and after writing. Embedded within such instruction is the use of inquiry listening as a form of formative assessment. The article opens by highlighting a problem posed by a local literacy assessment and standardized test preparation measure for the focal children, namely, inconsistencies between the text structure analyzed (narrative) and the required product (expository textual analysis). Next, it outlines specific instruction involving interactive discussions that lead to comprehension of text structure(s) and clear conceptualizations of expected formats for written products. These include a) frontloading with photographs, and b) thinking aloud about writing samples.
Development of tissue engineered vascular grafts and application of nanomedicine
Authors: Rathore Animesh , Cleary Muriel , Naito Yuji , Rocco Kevin , Breuer Christopher 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVascular Tissue Engineering belongs to a rapidly expanding discipline. Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) have a broad range of clinical application extending from use as small diameter vascular grafts in adult peripheral vasculature to serving as large vessel conduits in pediatric cardiovascular surgery. Several approaches have been utilized by different groups to design these grafts. Preliminary outcomes are exceedingly promising. These grafts have demonstrated the ability to transform into living blood vessels with growth potential and while the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, it has been shown that inflammatory pathways may play an important role. Small animal experiments, development of cell seeding techniques and the application of nanotechnology have all contributed vastly to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in TEVG remodeling. The application of nanomedicine in TEVG design continues to expand at a rapid rate and has provided some clues as to how vascular graft design can be pursued in the future. In this review we discuss the current state of the field of tissue engineered vascular grafts and how the principles of nanomedicine are being applied to aid in the design of second‐generation grafts. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:257–272. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1166This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
A non Standard Model Higgs at the LHC as a sign of naturalness
Authors: Arvanitaki Asimina , Villadoro Giovanni 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Light states associated with the hierarchy problem affect the Higgs LHC production and decays. We illustrate this within the MSSM and two simple extensions applying the latest bounds from LHC Higgs searches. Large deviations in the Higgs properties are expected in a natural SUSY spectrum. The discovery of a non-Standard-Model Higgs may signal the presence of light stops accessible at the LHC. Conversely, the more the Higgs is Standard-Model-like, the more tuned the theory becomes. Taking the ratio of different Higgs decay channels at the LHC cancels the leading QCD uncertainties and potentially improves the accuracy in Higgs coupling measurements to the percent level. This may lead to the possibility of doing precision Higgs physics at the LHC. Finally, we entertain the possibility that the ATLAS excess around 125 GeV persists with a Higgs production cross-section that is enhanced compared to the SM. This increase can only be accommodated in extensions of the MSSM and it may suggest that stops lie below 400 GeV, likely within reach of next year’s LHC run.
Holographic models for QCD in the Veneziano limit
Authors: Järvinen Matti , Kiritsis Elias 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe construct a class of bottom-up holographic models with physics comparable to the one expected from QCD in the Veneziano limit of largeNfandNcwith fixed$ x = \frac{{{N_f}}}{{{N_c}}} $The models capture the holographic dynamics of the dilaton (dual to the YM coupling) and a tachyon (dual to the chiral condensate), and are parametrized by the real parameterx, which can take values within the range$ 0 \leqslant x < \frac{{{11}}}{{2}} $. We analyze the saddle point solutions, and draw the phase diagram at zero temperature and density. The back-reaction of flavor on the glue is fully included. We find the conformal window forx ≥ xc, and the QCD-like phase with chiral symmetry breaking atx < xc, where the critical valuexclies close to four. We also find Miransky scaling asx → xcas well as Efimov-like saddle points. By calculating the holographicβ-functions, we demonstrate the “walking” behavior of the coupling in the region near and belowxc.
Proportionality underJus ad BellumandJus in Bello: Clarifying their Relationship
Authors: van Steenberghe Raphaël 
Published: March 2012

Proportionality is a condition provided under bothjus ad bellumandjus in bello. Based on a particular interpretation of state practice and international case law, recent legal literature argues that the two notions of proportionality are interrelated in that proportionality underjus in bellois included in the assessment of proportionality underjus ad bellum. This article seeks to refute such a position and, more generally, to clarify the relationship between the two notions of proportionality.The main argument of the article is in line with the traditional position regarding the relationship betweenjus ad bellumandjus in bello. It is argued that, although sharing common features and being somewhat interconnected, the notions of proportionality provided under these two separate branches of international law remain independent of each other, mainly because of what is referred to in this article as the ‘general versus particular’ dichotomy, which characterises their relations. Proportionality underjus ad bellumis to be measured against the military operation as a whole, whereas proportionality underjus in bellois to be assessed against individual military attacks launched in the framework of this operation.This article nonetheless emphasises the risk of overlap between the assessments of the two notions of proportionality when the use of force involves only one or a few military operations. Indeed, in such situations, the ‘general versus particular’ dichotomy, which normally enables one to make a distinct assessment between the two notions of proportionality, is no longer applicable since it becomes impossible to distinguish between the military operation as a whole and the individual military attacks undertaken during this operation.