bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Varying Environmental Conditions on the Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Orographic Precipitation over the Pacific Northwest near Portland, Oregon
Authors: Yuter Sandra E. , Stark David A. , Crouch Justin A. , Payne M. Jordan , Colle Brian A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Operational radar data from three winter seasons (2003–06) in Portland, Oregon, in the U.S. Pacific Northwest are used to describe how orographic precipitation varies with cross-barrier wind speed, 0°C level height, and stability over the moderately wide (~50-km half-width) Cascade Mountain Range. Orographic enhancement is specified in terms of location, frequency, and relative intensity of the reflectivity (precipitation field). The typical storm for the region, as defined by the 25th to 75th percentile characteristics, is compared to storms with &lt;25th and &gt;75th percentile characteristics for a given variable. About half of Portland-region storms have a low-level wind direction within a relatively narrow azimuth range. This subset of storms is used to examine the sensitivity of orographic enhancement relative to other environmental variables. Cross-barrier wind speed has a stronger role in determining the magnitude of precipitation frequency than either 0°C level or stability. Cross-barrier wind speed and 0°C level height have separate but comparable roles in determining the frequency of relatively heavier precipitation. The increase in precipitation frequency with stronger cross-barrier wind speed is partially attributed to the higher occurrence of intermittent convective cells intersecting the slope. The area where inferred riming growth occurs over local peaks on the windward slope broadens upslope as the 0°C level height increases. In the Portland region, variations in the squared moist Brunt–Väisälä frequency yield smaller differences in the pattern and intensity of precipitation enhancement than either cross-barrier wind speed or 0°C level height.
Climatology of Winter Orographic Precipitation over the Subtropical Central Andes and Associated Synoptic and Regional Characteristics
Authors: Viale Maximiliano , Nuñez Mario N. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Winter orographic precipitation over the Andes between 30° and 37°S is examined using precipitation gauges in the mountains and adjacent lowlands. Because of the limited number of precipitation gauges, this paper focuses on the large-scale variation in cross-barrier precipitation and does not take into account the fine ridge–valley scale. The maximum amount of precipitation was observed on the windward slope of the mountain range below the crest, which was twice that observed on the low-windward side between 32.5° and 34°S. Toward the east of the crest, precipitation amounts drop sharply, generating a strong cross-barrier gradient. The rain shadow effect is greater in the north (32°–34.5°S) than in the south (35°–36.5°S) of the low-lee side, which is probably due to more baroclinic activity in southernmost latitudes and a southward decrease in the height of the Andes enabling more spillover precipitation. The effect of the Andes on winter precipitation is so marked that it modifies the precipitation regimes in the adjacent windward and leeward lowlands north of 35°S. Based on the fact that ~75% of the wintertime precipitation accumulated in the fourth quartile, through four or five heavy events on average, the synoptic-scale patterns of the heavy (into fourth quartile) orographic precipitation events were identified. Heavy events are strongly related to strong water vapor transport from the Pacific Ocean in the pre-cold-front environment of extratropical cyclones, which would have the form of atmospheric rivers as depicted in the reanalysis and rawinsonde data. The composite fields revealed a marked difference between two subgroups of heavy precipitation events. The extreme (100th–95th percentiles) events are associated with deeper cyclones than those for intense (95th–75th percentiles) events. These deeper cyclones lead to much stronger plumes of water vapor content and cross-barrier moisture flux against the high Andes, resulting in heavier orographic precipitation for extreme events. In addition, regional airflow characteristics suggest that the low-level flow is typically blocked and diverted poleward in the form of an along-barrier jet. On the lee side, downslope flow dominates during heavy events, producing prominent rain shadow effects as denoted by the domain of downslope winds extending to low-leeward side (i.e., zonda wind).
Comparison of In Situ Forces and Knee Kinematics in Anteromedial and High Anteromedial Bundle Augmentation for Partially Ruptured Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Xu Yan , Liu Jianyu , Kramer Scott , Martins Cesar , Kato Yuki , Linde-Rosen Monica , Smolinski Patrick , Fu Freddie H. 
Published: December 2010

Background: High tunnel placement is common in single- and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. Similar nonanatomic tunnel placement may also occur in ACL augmentation surgery. Purpose: In this study, in situ forces and knee kinematics were compared between nonanatomic high anteromedial (AM) and anatomic AM augmentation in a knee with isolated AM bundle injury. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seven fresh-frozen cadaver knees were used (age, 48 ± 12.5 years). First, intact knee kinematics was tested with a robotic–universal force sensor testing system under 2 loading conditions. An 89-N anterior load was applied, and an anterior tibial translation was measured at knee flexion angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. Then, combined rotatory loads of 7-N·m valgus and 5-N·m internal tibial rotation were applied at 15° and 30° of knee flexion angles, which mimic the pivot shift. Afterward, only the AM bundle of the ACL was cut arthroscopically, keeping the posterolateral bundle intact. The knee was again tested using the intact knee kinematics to measure the in situ force of the AM bundle. Then, arthroscopic anatomic AM bundle reconstruction was performed with an allograft, and the knee was tested to give the in situ force of the reconstructed AM bundle. Knee kinematics under the 3 conditions (intact, anatomic AM augmentation, and nonanatomic high AM augmentation) and the in situ force were compared and analyzed. Result: The high AM graft had significantly lower in situ force than the intact and anatomic reconstructed AM bundle at 0° of knee flexion ( P < .05) and the intact AM bundle at 30° of knee flexion under anterior tibial loading. There were no differences between anatomic graft and intact AM bundle. The high AM graft also had a significantly lower in situ force than the intact and anatomic reconstructed AM with simulated pivot-shift loading at 15° and 30° of flexion ( P < .05). Under anterior tibial and rotatory loading, there was a difference in tibial displacement between anatomic and high AM reconstructions and between the high AM graft and intact ACL under rotational loading with the knee at 15° of flexion. Clinical Relevance: Anatomic AM augmentation can lead to biomechanical advantages at time zero when compared with the nonanatomic (high AM) augmentation. Anatomic AM augmentation better restores the knee kinematics to the intact ACL state.
Biomechanical Effectiveness of an Arthroscopic Posterior Bankart Repair Versus an Open Bone Block Procedure for Posterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Wellmann Mathias , Bobrowitsch Evgenij , Khan Nicklas , Patzer Thilo , Windhagen Henning , Petersen Wolf , Bohnsack Michael 
Published: December 2010

Background: The most effective surgical treatment for traumatic posterior shoulder instability remains unclear. Hypothesis: An arthroscopic posterior Bankart repair is as effective as an open posterior bone block–capsulorrhaphy procedure regarding the restoration of humeral displacement with posterior and inferior forces. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Biomechanical testing of 16 human shoulders was performed in 3 testing conditions: after ventilation (intact joint), after creation of a posteroinferior Bankart lesion with an additional cut of the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament, and after surgical shoulder stabilization. The shoulder stabilization was performed either by an open posterior bone block procedure and glenoid-based T-capsulorrhaphy or by an arthroscopic Bankart repair. Testing was performed in 2 positions—the sulcus test position and the jerk test position—with a passive humerus load of 50 N applied in the posterior, posteroinferior, and inferior directions. Results: After the arthroscopic repair, there was no significant difference between the translation and the intact state for all tested directions. The bone block repair–capsulorrhaphy caused a significant decrease of posterior translation (sulcus test and jerk test positions) and posteroinferior translation (jerk test position). But the resulting posterior and posteroinferior translation was even significantly lower than the translation measured for the intact joints. However, the reduction of inferior translation, compared with that of the defect condition, was not significant after the bone block repair (sulcus test and jerk test positions). Compared with that of the intact joint, inferior translation after the bone block repair was significantly higher. Conclusion: The posterior bone block repair–capsulorrhaphy overcorrects posterior translation and does not effectively restore inferior stability, whereas the arthroscopic posterior Bankart repair restores posterior and inferior laxity of the intact joint. Clinical Relevance: An arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair more precisely restores posterior and inferior glenohumeral joint laxity and is therefore recommended as the first choice of treatment.
Combining Gray Relation and Analytical Hierarchy Process Concepts to Develop a Decision Support System of Supply Chain Project Management
Authors: Lin Chin-Tsai , Wu Cheng-Ru , Chen Huang-Chu 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Supplier selection is an important decision for effective supply chain project management (SCPM) of Notebook PC. Due to global business competition, suppliers are required to supply raw materials with the right quality and quantity. Suppliers are responsible for reducing the inventory costs and improving product quality. This paper deals with the development of a decision support system based on the integration of analytical hierarchy process and gray relational analysis for supplier selection. The additive normalization method is used as the prioritization method to calculate the priority vector. The analysis results indicate that the proposed selection model enables the manager to select the SCPM of Notebook PC more objectively by allowing them to deploy effectively. The proposed model can also be applied to other high technology factories, thus enhancing Taiwanese competitive advantage.
Efficient greyscale image compression technique based on vector quantization
Authors: Hu Y. , Chuang J. , Lo C. , Li C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a novel greyscale image coding technique based on vector quantization (VQ) is proposed. In VQ, the reconstructed image quality is restricted by the codebook used in the image encoding/decoding procedures. To provide a better image quality using a fixed-sized codebook, the codebook expansion technique is introduced in the proposed technique. In addition, the block prediction technique and the relatively address technique are employed to cut down the required storage cost of the compressed codes. From the results, it is shown that the proposed technique adaptively provides better image quality at low bit rates than VQ.
Investigations of twist elastic constant K22 of new nematic liquid crystal materials using threshold IPS method
Authors: Parka J. , Dąbrowski M. , Kowerdziej R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe liquid crystal technology is one of the most popular at the present time. To the most important parameters of liquid crystals belong optical anisotropy, viscosity, and twist elastic constants. One of the most difficult and problematic to measure parameters is a twist elastic constant K22. For new liquid crystalline materials, we have to characterize their physical properties, also a twist elastic constant K22.As a final result of this work, a twist elastic constant of new nematic liquid crystal materials was investigated. In this paper, a transmission-voltage characteristic of the in-plane switching cell was observed to find Freedericksz threshold, and then twist elastic constants could have been calculated. The method was checked on well-characterized materials E7 and 6-CHBT and its accuracy was better than 20%. In addition, the temperature dependence of K22 was determined for all materials.
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Examining Healthcare Professionals’ Assessments of Risk Factors
Authors: Bath P. A. , Pendleton N. , Bracale M. , Pecchia L. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryBackground: A gap exists between evidence-based medicine and clinical-practice. Every day, healthcare professionals (HCPs) combine empirical evidence and subjective experience in order to maximize the effectiveness of interventions. Consequently, it is important to understand how HCPs interpret the research evidence and apply it in everyday practice. We focused on the prevention of falls, a common cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality in later life, for which there is a wide range of known risk factors.Objectives: To use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to investigate the opinions of HCPs in prioritizing risk factors for preventing falls.Methods: We used the AHP to develop a hierarchy of risk factors for falls based on the knowledge and experience of experts. We submitted electronic questionnaires via the web, in order to reach a wider number of respondents. With a web service, we pooled the results and weighted the coherence and the experience of respondents.Results: Overall, 232 respondents participated in the study: 32 in the technical pilot study, nine in the scientific pilot study and 191 respondents in the main study. We identified a hierarchy of 35 risk factors, organized in two categories and six sub-categories.Conclusions: The hierarchy of risk factors provides further insights into clinicians’ perceptions of risk factors for falls. This hierarchy helps understand the relative importance that clinicians place on risk factors for falls in older people and why evidence-based guidelines are not always followed. This information may be helpful in improving intervention programs and in understanding how clinicians prioritize multiple risk factors in individual patients. The AHP method allows the opinions of HCPs to be investigated, giving appropriate weight to their coherence, background and experience.
Giant intrathoracic mycotic aneurysm of left subclavian artery
Authors: Bansal R P , Gupta Prerna , Sharma Lalit M 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFungal infections are serious and important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Angioinvasive aspergillosis causing mycotic aneurysm of major blood vessels is very rare and only a few cases are reported in literature. We hereby report one case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with this fatal complication.
Primary plasma cell leukemia with light chain secretion and multiple chromosomal abnormalities: How successfully treated? - A case report with review of literature
Authors: Goyal Manu , Mohammad Noorjahan , Palanki Satya Dattatreya , Vaniawala Salil N 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPrimary plasma cell leukemia is a rare form of plasma cell dyscrasia. We present a case which had leukocytosis with numerous circulating plasma cells in the peripheral blood. Flow cytometry revealed an unusual CD117 expression. Free light chain analysis in the serum showed a markedly elevated level of free lambda light chains. Radiography did not reveal any lytic lesions. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization analysis revealed deletion of 13q14.3 and t(4;14)/t(11;14), while the cytogenetic analysis was normal. The patient was given chemotherapy and was subjected to autologous stem cell transplant, after which she is in complete remission till date.
Pulsed and Tissue Doppler Echocardiographic Changes in Patients with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Garadah Taysir S. , Kassab Salah , Mahdi Najat , Abu-Taleb Ahmed , Jamsheer Anwer 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundDoppler echocardiographic studies of left ventricle (LV) systolic and diastolic function in patients with β-Thalassemia Major (β-TM) had shown different patterns of systolic and diastolic dysfunction.AimThis cross-sectional study was designed to study the LV systolic and diastolic function in patients with β-TM using Pulsed Doppler (PD) and Tissue Doppler (TD) echocardiography.MethodsAll patients were evaluated clinically and by echocardiography, The study included patients with β-TM (n = 38, age 15.7 ± 8.9 years) compared with an age-matched control group (n = 38, age 15.9 ± 8.9 years). The pulse Doppler indices were normalized for age and heart rate.ResultsCompared with control patients, M-Mode showed that patients with β-TM have thicker LV septal wall index (0.659 ± 0.23 vs. 0.446 ± 0.219 cm, P ≤ 0.001), posterior wall index (0.659 ± 0.235 vs. 0.437 ± 0.214 cm, P ≤ 0.01), and larger LVEDD index is (3.99 ± 0.48 vs. 2.170 ± 0.57 mm. P = 0.035). Pulsed Doppler showed high LV trans-mitral E wave velocity (70.818 ± 10.139 vs. 57.532 ± 10.139, p = 0.027) and E/A ratio (1.54 vs. 1.23, P ≤ 0.01). The duration of Deceleration time (DT) and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) were significantly shorter in patients with β-TM (150.234 ± 20.0.23 vs. 167.123 ± 19.143 msec, P ≤ 0.01) and (60.647 ± 6.77 vs. 75.474 ± 5.83 msec, P ≤ 0.001), respectively. The ratio of transmitral E wave velocity to the tissue Doppler E wave at the basal septal mitral annulus E/Em–was significantly higher in β-TM group (14.024 ± 2.29 vs. 12.132 ± 1.82, P ≤ 0.01). The Tissue Doppler systolic velocity (Sm) and the early diastolic velocity (Em) were significantly lower in β-TM group compared to control (4.31 ± 1.2 cm/s vs. 6.95 ± 2.1, P ≤ 0.01 and 4.31 ± 2.7 cm/s vs. 5.82 ± 2.5, P ≤ 0.01) respectively. The tricuspid valve velocity was significantly higher than controls (2.993 ± 0.569 vs. 1.93 ± 0.471 m/sec, respectively, P ≤ 0.01). However, the LVEF% and fractional shortening were normal with no significant difference in both groups.ConclusionIn this study, patients with β-thalassemia major compared with controls, have significantly thicker LV wall, and larger LV cavity and LV diastolic filling indices suggestive of restrictive pattern with a higher tricuspid valve velocity. These data showed that left ventricle diastolic indices are compromised initially in patients with β-thalassemia major.
Towards a community centred approach to corporate community involvement in the sporting events agenda
Authors: Misener Laura , Mason Daniel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to examine ways that corporations can make a greater contribution to civic and community development through strategic ties to a city's development agenda surrounding the hosting of sporting events. Using the perspective of Corporate Community Involvement (CCI), we draw upon data collected as part of a larger study on sporting events and community development to explore how cities and corporations can make socially responsible contributions to communities. The guiding principles of community involvement in decision-making, full public disclosure and transparency, and grassroots legacy planning underscore the importance of community-based strategies for CCI. We offer three related strategies: comprehensive social and community impact assessments, facilitation of local knowledge capital and providers, and cross-sectoral management event programming as ways for corporations to begin to engage in CCI activities related to events. These strategies offer opportunities for organisation to use sport to make a valuable contribution to communities and community development activities.
The impact of cause-related marketing (CRM) in spectator sport
Authors: Kim Ki Tak , Kwak Dae Hee , Kim Yu Kyoum 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCause-related marketing (CRM) refers to the marketing strategy an organization uses to associate itself with a good cause. Even though CRM decisions may be partly charitable, they may also serve corporate self-interest. Although this area of inquiry is growing, CRM's strategic potential as an effective management tool for connecting sport organizations (i.e., teams) with consumers has not been thoroughly examined in a sport management context. In order to provide an improved picture of spectator sport consumers' perceptions toward a sport team's CRM initiatives, we developed a structural model that incorporates perceived CRM, attitudes toward the team, and re-attendance intention. Using LISREL analysis, the findings showed that CRM's effect on re-attendance intention was completely mediated through the attitude toward the team. In addition, perceptions toward the team's motive for CRM did not vary CRM's effect on attitude and behavioral intention. The lack of interaction effect might provide evidence that there may be universal appeal and effectiveness of CRM in a spectator sport context. Consequently, the findings provide a useful rationale for making managerial decisions about implementing and maintaining CRM efforts in sport organization.
Cause-related sport marketing: Can this marketing strategy affect company decision-makers?
Authors: Irwin Richard L , Lachowetz Tony , Clark John 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn an effort to sustain social responsibility initiatives, cause related marketing (CRM) has become more prevalent in the corporate marketing toolbox, due to the benefits realized by the sponsoring company, such as switching behavior by a desired consumer segment. The utilization of cause related sport marketing (CRSM) has also increased, as corporate entities position firms with high profile sport entities to obtain certain objectives. Little research has examined the impact of such programs on key business stakeholders, which this survey study attempts to address. Analysis of Variance results indicate respondents possessed positive opinions about the corporation's CRSM efforts, with significant differences existing between respondents with direct decision-making authority and those with limited or no decision-making authority on key items. Additionally, respondents expressed a more positive opinion toward continuing their business relationship with the corporation, or, for those respondents who were prospective clients, beginning a business relationship with the corporation.
Addressing ecology and sustainability in mega-sporting events: The 2006 football World Cup in Germany
Authors: Dolles Harald , Söderman Sten 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFor the first time in the history of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association), the football (soccer) World Cup held in Germany 2006 specifically addressed environmental concerns. By doing so, the German Organizing Committee did not have the objective of creating a short-term vision, but rather of making a long-term and lasting contribution to the improvement of environmental protection in hosting a mega-sporting event. By taking the football world cup in Germany as a case study, we will provide insights into the so-called ‘Green Goal’ programme and its four main areas: water, waste, energy, and transportation. From a global point of view, climate protection was added by the Organizing Committee as the fifth area of action and was recognised as a cross-sectorial task. Finally, questions are addressed on how to apply those measurements in the planning and organisation of other mega (-sporting) events.