bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection and intracellular transport of white spot syndrome virus require the ESCRT machinery in shrimp
Authors: Lv Li-Xia , Gao Jie , Wang Hao , Zhao Xiao-Fan , Wang Jin-Xing 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system comprises five distinct components and is involved in many different physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that different viruses rely upon the host ESCRT system for viral infection. However, whether this system is involved in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection remains unclear. Here, we identified 24 homologs of ESCRT subunits in kuruma shrimp,
Marsupenaeus japonicus
, and found that some key components were strongly upregulated in shrimp after WSSV infection. Knockdown of key components of the ESCRT system using RNA interference inhibited virus replication, suggesting that the ESCRT system is beneficial for WSSV infection. We further focused on TSG101, a crucial member of the ESCRT-I family that plays a central role in recognizing cargo and activating the ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III complexes. TSG101 colocalized with WSSV in hemocytes. The addition of N16 (a TSG101 inhibitor) markedly decreased WSSV replication. TSG101 and ALIX of the ESCRT system interact with WSSV envelope proteins. The host proteins TSG101, RAB5, and RAB7, the viral protein VP28, and DNA were detected in endosomes isolated from hemocytes of WSSV-infected shrimp. Knockdown of
Rab5
and
Rab7
expression reduced viral replication. Taken together, these results suggest that the ESCRT system is hijacked by WSSV for transport through the early to late endosome pathway. Our work identified a novel requirement for the intracellular trafficking and infection of WSSV, and provided novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and control of WSSV in shrimp aquaculture.

IMPORTANCE

Viruses utilize the ESCRT machinery in a variety of strategies for their replication and infection. This study revealed that the interaction of ESCRT complexes with WSSV envelope proteins plays a crucial role in WSSV infection in shrimp. The ESCRT system is conserved in the shrimp
Marsupenaeus japonicus
, and 24 homologs of the ESCRT system were identified in the shrimp. WSSV exploits the ESCRT system for transport and propagation via the interaction of envelope proteins with host TSG101 and ALIX in an endosome pathway-dependent manner. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of WSSV infection is important for disease control and breeding in shrimp aquaculture.
Complete genome sequences of six S19 poliovirus reference strains
Authors: Castro Christina J. , Wiese Nicholas , Bullows James E. , Poston Katherine D. , Meade Caeden , Jorba Jaume , Mainou Bernardo A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequences of six S19 poliovirus reference strains for all three poliovirus serotypes, including three Sabin vaccine-derived and three wild-type-derived strains. The S19 strains are extensively attenuated and genetically stable when compared to the reference poliovirus strains, while maintaining the same antigenicity and immunogenicity.
Whole-genome sequence of
Pseudomonas benzopyrenica
MLY92: isolation from diseased leaves of tobacco in China
Authors: Gao Juntao , Jing Yongfeng , Cheng Zhijun , Huang Ke , Zhang Huilin , Liu Yong , Yang Lei , Liu Shiwang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Here we present a sketch of the whole-genome sequence of
Pseudomonas benzopyrenica
. The strain comes from the leaf veins of a diseased tobacco plant. This study has significant research implications for gaining insights into the characteristics of microorganisms belonging to the genus
Pseudomonas
.
Carbon cycling during the India-Asia collision revealed by δ26Mg–δ66Zn–δ98Mo evidence from ultrapotassic volcanoes in NW Tibet
Authors: Wang Jian , Tappe Sebastian , Wang Qiang , Li Jie , Zou Zongqi , Tang Gong-Jian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
India-Asia continental collision–induced volcanic gas emissions are thought to have played an important role in driving Cenozoic atmospheric CO2 variations, yet the details of how the deep carbon cycle may influence volcanic CO2 degassing are not understood. We present a novel study employing Mg-Zn-Mo isotopic compositions of Cenozoic ultrapotassic lavas from NW Tibet. The negative Mg-Zn isotope correlation (δ26Mg = −0.39‰ to −0.19‰; δ66Zn = +0.27‰ to +0.36‰), bolstered by petrographic analysis of mantle-derived xenoliths from these lavas, demonstrates that the ultrapotassic magmas originated from a lithospheric mantle source that had been enriched by recycled carbonate-bearing sediments rich in calcite and dolomite. Very low δ98Mo values (−0.78‰ to 0‰) relative to the average continental crust (δ98Mo = +0.10‰ to +0.35‰) further indicate that the sedimentary components were derived from the subducted Indian continental crust after its dehydration. Monte Carlo modeling estimates that the input flux of carbon (elemental C) from such sediments into the lithospheric mantle is ~5.6 Mt/yr, with a predicted CO2 emission rate of ~15.5 Mt/yr. We suggest that the still ongoing subduction of the Indian tectonic plate has played a crucial role in introducing substantial quantities of carbonate-rich sediments into the Tibetan lithospheric mantle, leading to the sequestration of large amounts of CO2 via carbonatite metasomatism. Hence, partial melting of such a carbon-rich mantle reservoir in an orogenic setting provides the positive feedback mechanism that can explain the high flux of volcanic CO2 during India-Asia collision. These findings not only highlight the importance of continental subduction, sediment recycling, and mantle metasomatism by carbon-rich melts/fluids in the generation of Tibetan ultrapotassic volcanism, but they also show how the deep carbon cycle influences volcanic CO2 degassing.
Association between TyG index and long-term prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zeng Deli , Wang Kai , Chen Zijun , Yao Caoyuan 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the association between the serum triglyceride-glucose product index (TyG index) and the risk for all-cause mortality in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI).DesignRetrospective.Setting and participantsThis retrospective study included 896 patients with STEMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a comprehensive university-affiliated hospital between January 2016 and January 2019.MethodsPatients were equally divided into quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 group) according to TyG index values.Primary endpointAll-cause mortality.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 3 years, 108 (17.1%) patients died. TyG index was independently associated with increased all-cause mortality (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.58) after adjusting for age, sex, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), cardiac troponin I, B-type natriuretic peptide, delayed PCI, post-PCI complications, medication and left ventricular ejection fraction. The adjusted OR was 1.31 (95% CI, 0.62 to 2.77) for Q2, 2.12 (95% CI, 1.01 to 4.53) for Q3 and 4.02 (95% CI, 1.90 to 8.78) for Q4 compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) (p for trend<0.001). In the restricted cubic spline regression model, the relationship between the TyG index and the risk of all-cause mortality was linear (p for non-linear=0.575). Each unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 68% increase in the multivariate risk for all-cause mortality (OR 1.68; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.38). In the subgroup analysis, there was an interaction between LDL-c and the TyG index on the risk of all-cause mortality (p for interaction=0.007).ConclusionThe TyG index was significantly associated with the long-term all-cause mortality among patients with STEMI who underwent PCI.
Development and validation of a model to predict the need for artificial airways for acute trauma patients in the emergency department: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Zhuo , Yu Hai Fang , Yao Rong , Wei Wei , Nie Hu 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo develop scores for predicting the need for artificial airway procedures for acute trauma patients in the emergency department (ED).DesignRetrospective case–control.SettingA tertiary comprehensive hospital in China.Participants8288 trauma patients admitted to the ED within 24 hours of injury and who were admitted from 1 August 2012 to 31 July 2020.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe study outcome was the establishment of an artificial airway within 24 hours of admission to the ED. Based on the different feature compositions, two scores were developed in the development cohort by multivariable logistic regression. The predictive performance was assessed in the validation cohort.ResultsThe O-SPACER (Oxygen saturation, Systolic blood pressure, Pulse rate, Age, Coma Scale, Eye response, Respiratory rate) score was developed based on the patient’s basic information with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.89) in the validation group. Based on the basic information and trauma scores, the IO-SPACER (Injury Severity Score, Oxygen saturation, Systolic blood pressure, Pulse rate, Age, Coma Scale, Eye response, Respiratory rate) score was developed, with an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.92). According to the O-SPACER and IO-SPACER scores, the patients were stratified into low, medium and high-risk groups. According to these two scores, the high-risk patients were associated with an increased demand for artificial airways, with an OR of 40.16–40.67 compared with the low-risk patients.ConclusionsThe O-SPACER score provides risk stratification for injured patients requiring urgent airway intervention in the ED and may be useful in guiding initial management. The IO-SPACER score may assist in further determining whether the patient needs planned intubation or tracheotomy early after trauma.
Opportunities and challenges in antimicrobial resistance policy including animal production systems and humans across stakeholders in Argentina: a context and qualitative analysis
Authors: Allel Kasim , Fernandez-Miyakawa Mariano , Gaze William , Petroni Alejandro , Corso Alejandra , Luna Federico , Barcelona Laura , Boden Lisa , Pitchforth Emma 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionGaps in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and control, including implementation of national action plans (NAPs), are evident internationally. Countries’ capacity to translate political commitment into action is crucial to cope with AMR at the human–animal–environment interface.MethodsWe employed a two-stage process to understand opportunities and challenges related to AMR surveillance and control at the human–animal interface in Argentina. First, we compiled the central AMR policies locally and mapped vital stakeholders around the NAP and the national commission against bacterial resistance. Second, we conducted qualitative interviews using a semistructured questionnaire covering stakeholders’ understanding and progress towards AMR and NAP. We employed a mixed deductive–inductive approach and used the constant comparative analysis method. We created categories and themes to cluster subthemes and determined crucial relationships among thematic groups.ResultsCrucial AMR policy developments have been made since 1969, including gradually banning colistin in food-producing animals. In 2023, a new government decree prioritised AMR following the 2015 NAP launch. Our qualitative analyses identified seven major themes for tackling AMR: (I) Cultural factors and sociopolitical country context hampering AMR progress, (II) Fragmented governance, (III) Antibiotic access and use, (IV) AMR knowledge and awareness throughout stakeholders, (V) AMR surveillance, (VI) NAP efforts and (VII) External drivers. We identified a fragmented structure of the food production chain, poor cross-coordination between stakeholders, limited surveillance and regulation among food-producing animals and geographical disparities over access, diagnosis and treatment. The country is moving to integrate animal and food production into its surveillance system, with most hospitals experienced in monitoring AMR through antimicrobial stewardship programmes.ConclusionAMR accountability should involve underpinning collaboration at different NAP implementation levels and providing adequate resources to safeguard long-term sustainability. Incorporating a multisectoral context-specific approach relying on different One Health domains is crucial to strengthening local AMR surveillance.
Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy among diverse patients withBRCAmutations at an urban public hospital: a mixed methods study
Authors: Lamacki Alexandra J , Spychalska Sandra , Maga Tara , Balay Lara , Lugo Santiago Nicole , Hoskins Kent , Richardson Kimberly , Class Quetzal A , MacLaughlan David Shannon 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the association of socioeconomic demographics with recommendation for and uptake of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (rrBSO) in patients withBRCA1andBRCA2(BRCA1/2) mutations.DesignRetrospective cohort, semistructured qualitative interviews.Setting and participantsBRCA1/2 mutation carriers at an urban, public hospital with a racially and socioeconomically diverse population.InterventionNone.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcomes were rate of rrBSO recommendation and completion. Secondary outcomes were sociodemographic variables associated with rrBSO completion.ResultsThe cohort included 167 patients withBRCA1/2mutations of whom 39% identified as black (n=65), 35% white (n=59) and 19% Hispanic (n=32). Over 95% (n=159) received the recommendation for age-appropriate rrBSO, and 52% (n=87) underwent rrBSO. Women who completed rrBSO were older in univariable analysis (p=0.05), but not in multivariable analysis. Completion of rrBSO was associated with residence in zip codes with lower unemployment and documented recommendation for rrBSO (p<0.05). All subjects who still received care in the health system (n=79) were invited to complete interviews regarding rrBSO decision-making, but only four completed surveys for a response rate of 5.1%. Themes that emerged included menopause, emotional impact and familial support.ConclusionsIn this understudied population, genetic counselling and surrogates of financial health were associated with rrBSO uptake, highlighting genetics referrals and addressing social determinants of health as opportunities to improve cancer prevention and reduce health inequities. Our study demonstrates a need for more culturally centred recruiting methods for qualitative research in marginalised communities to ensure adequate representation in the literature regarding rrBSO.
Cognitive therapy for depression in tuberculosis treatment: protocol for multicentre pragmatic parallel arm randomised control trial with an internal pilot
Authors: Fonseka Nishani , Khan Zohaib , Lewis Martyn , Kibria Zeeshan , Ahmad Fayaz , Khan Muhammad Firaz , Ul-Haq Mian , Ul-Haq Zia , Sanauddin Noor , Majid Mahnoor , Rahim Maryiam , Naeem Farooq , Butt Mirrat , Ashraf Saadia , Komproe Ivan , Mallen Christian , Kellar Ian , Yadegarfar Ghasem , Milner Abbie , Sheikh Saima , Farooq Saeed 
Published: June 2024

Introduction and objectivesThere is an unmet need to develop high-quality evidence addressing tuberculosis (TB)-related mental health comorbidity, particularly in the context of lower-middle-income countries. This study aims to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) versus enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU) in improving depressive symptoms in people with TB and comorbid depression, enhancing adherence with anti-TB treatment (ATT) and its implementation in the real-world setting of Pakistan.MethodsWe will conduct a pragmatic parallel arm randomised control trial with an internal pilot. A brief psychological intervention based on CBT has been developed using a combination of qualitative and ethnographic studies. The inbuilt pilot trial will have a sample size of 80, while we plan to recruit 560 (280 per arm) participants in the definitive trial. Participants who started on ATT within 1 month of diagnosis for pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB or multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and meeting the criteria for depression on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) will be randomised with 1:1 allocation to receive six sessions of CBT (delivered by TB healthcare workers) or ETAU. Data on the feasibility outcomes of the pilot will be considered to proceed with the definitive trial. Participants will be assessed (by a blinded assessor) for the following main trial primary outcomes: (1) severity of depression using PHQ-9 scale (interviewer-administered questionnaire) at baseline, weeks 8, 24 and 32 postrandomisation and (2) ATT at baseline and week 24 at the end of ATT therapy.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from Keele University Research Ethics Committee (ref: 2023-0599-792), Khyber Medical University Ethical Review Board (ref: DIR/KMU-EB/CT/000990) and National Bioethics Committee Pakistan (ref: No.4–87/NBC-998/23/587). The results of this study will be reported in peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences and disseminated to stakeholders and policymakers.Trial registration numberISRCTN10761003.
Association between rural exposure/experience and practice location 10 years postgraduation, stratified by specialty: evidence from a cohort study of graduates from nine Australian universities
Authors: Seal Alexa , McGrail Matthew R , Bain-Donohue Suzanne , Fuller Lara , Kirke Andrew , Garne David , Luscombe Georgina , Allen Penny , Wright Julian , Burrows Julie M 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the associations between specialty type and practice location at postgraduate year 10 (PGY10), matched with PGY5 and PGY8 work locations, and earlier rural exposure/experience.Design and settingA cohort study of medicine graduates from nine Australian universities.Participants1220 domestic medicine graduates from the class of 2011.Outcome measuresPractice location recorded by the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency in PGY10; matched graduate movement between PGYs 5, 8 and 10 as classified by the Modified Monash Model, stratified by specialty type (predominantly grouped as general practitioner (GP) or non-GP).ResultsAt PGY10, two-thirds (820/1220) had achieved fellowship. GPs were 2.8 times more likely to be in non-metropolitan practice (28% vs 12%; 95% CI 2.0 to 4.0, p<0.001) than graduates with non-GP (all other) specialist qualifications. More than 70% (71.4%) of GPs who were in non-metropolitan practice in PGY5 remained there in both PGY8 and PGY10 versus 29.0% of non-GP specialists and 36.4% of non-fellowed graduates (p<0.001). The proportion of fellowed graduates observed in non-metropolitan practice was 14.9% at PGY5, 16.1% at PGY8 and 19.0% at PGY10, with this growth predominantly from non-GP specialists moving into non-metropolitan locations, following completion of metropolitan-based vocational training.ConclusionsThere are strong differences in practice location patterns between specialty types, with few non-GP specialists remaining in non-metropolitan practice between PGY5 and PGY10. Our study reinforces the importance of rural training pathways to longer-term work location outcomes and the need to expand specialist vocational training which supports more rural training opportunities for trainees outside general practice.
Conservative management versus invasive management of significant traumatic pneumothoraces in the emergency department (the CoMiTED trial): a study protocol for a randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: Blythe Nicola M , Coates Katherine , Benger Jonathan R , Annaw Ammar , Banks Jonathan , Clement Clare , Clout Madeleine , Edwards Antoinette , Gaunt Daisy , Kandiyali Rebecca , Lane J Athene , Lecky Fiona , Maskell Nick A , Metcalfe Chris , Platt Marie , Rees Sophie , Taylor Jodi , Thompson Julian , Walker Steven , West Douglas , Carlton Edward 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionTraumatic pneumothoraces are present in one of five victims of severe trauma. Current guidelines advise chest drain insertion for most traumatic pneumothoraces, although very small pneumothoraces can be managed with observation at the treating clinician’s discretion. There remains a large proportion of patients in whom there is clinical uncertainty as to whether an immediate chest drain is required, with no robust evidence to inform practice. Chest drains carry a high risk of complications such as bleeding and infection. The default to invasive treatment may be causing potentially avoidable pain, distress and complications. We are evaluating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an initial conservative approach to the management of patients with traumatic pneumothoraces.Methods and analysisThe CoMiTED (Conservative Management in Traumatic Pneumothoraces in the Emergency Department) trial is a multicentre, pragmatic parallel group, individually randomised controlled non-inferiority trial to establish whether initial conservative management of significant traumatic pneumothoraces is non-inferior to invasive management in terms of subsequent emergency pleural interventions, complications, pain, breathlessness and quality of life. We aim to recruit 750 patients from at least 40 UK National Health Service hospitals. Patients allocated to the control (invasive management) group will have a chest drain inserted in the emergency department. For those in the intervention (initial conservative management) group, the treating clinician will be advised to manage the participant without chest drain insertion and undertake observation. The primary outcome is a binary measure of the need for one or more subsequent emergency pleural interventions within 30 days of randomisation. Secondary outcomes include complications, cost-effectiveness, patient-reported quality of life and patient and clinician views of the two treatment options; participants are followed up for 6 months.Ethics and disseminationThis trial received approval from the Wales Research Ethics Committee 4 (reference: 22/WA/0118) and the Health Research Authority. Results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberISRCTN35574247.