bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide transcriptome dissection of the rice root system: implications for developmental and physiological functions
Authors: Takehisa Hinako , Sato Yutaka , Igarashi Motoko , Abiko Tomomi , Antonio Baltazar A. , Kamatsuki Kaori , Minami Hiroshi , Namiki Nobukazu , Inukai Yoshiaki , Nakazono Mikio , Nagamura Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe root system is a crucial determinant of plant growth potential because of its important functions, e.g. uptake of water and nutrients, structural support and interaction with symbiotic organisms. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of root development and functions is therefore necessary for improving plant productivity, particularly for crop plants, including rice (Oryza sativa). As an initial step towards developing a comprehensive understanding of the root system, we performed a large‐scale transcriptome analysis of the rice root via a combined laser microdissection and microarray approach. The crown root was divided into eight developmental stages along the longitudinal axis and three radial tissue types at two different developmental stages, namely: epidermis, exodermis and sclerenchyma; cortex; and endodermis, pericycle and stele. We analyzed a total of 38 microarray data and identified 22 297 genes corresponding to 17 010 loci that showed sufficient signal intensity as well as developmental‐ and tissue type‐specific transcriptome signatures. Moreover, we clarified gene networks associated with root cap function and lateral root formation, and further revealed antagonistic and synergistic interactions of phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids and ethylene, based on the expression pattern of genes related to phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling. Expression profiling of transporter genes defined not only major sites for uptake and transport of water and nutrients, but also distinct signatures of the radial transport system from the rhizosphere to the xylem vessel for each nutrient. All data can be accessed from our gene expression profile database, RiceXPro (http://ricexpro.dna.affrc.go.jp), thereby providing useful information for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in root system development of crop plants.
Media coverage of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine: implications for geographic health inequities
Authors: Krieger Janice L. , Katz Mira L. , Eisenberg Dana , Heaner Sarah , Sarge Melanie , Jain Parul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective  To describe the content of newspaper articles about cervical cancer and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine published in Appalachia and identify potential differences in coverage as compared to the content of newspaper articles published in non‐Appalachia Ohio.Background  Individuals rely on media as an important source of health information. Inadequate coverage of health issues may reinforce health inequities such as the elevated cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in Appalachia Ohio.Methods  A content analysis was conducted of all newspaper articles about cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine published in Appalachia and non‐Appalachia Ohio during 2006.Findings  A total of 121 published newspaper articles (42 in Appalachia and 79 in non‐Appalachia) about cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine were identified. Articles published in Appalachia Ohio were significantly less likely than articles published in non‐Appalachia Ohio to provide information about the threat of cervical cancer and the efficacy of the HPV vaccine. Specifically, few articles published in Appalachia included information about the ability of the vaccine to prevent cervical cancer, the cost of the vaccine and the availability of assistance programmes for the un‐ and underinsured.Conclusions  Newspaper articles printed in the Appalachia region lacked vital information that could help promote uptake of the HPV vaccine. Health educators and healthcare providers should be aware that women from underserved geographic regions like Appalachia may have greater information needs regarding their risk of cervical cancer and the potential benefits of the HPV vaccine as compared to the general patient population.
Concentrations of retinol, 3,4‐didehydroretinol, and retinyl esters in plasma of free‐ranging birds of prey
Authors: Müller K. , Raila J. , Altenkamp R. , Schmidt D. , Dietrich R. , Hurtienne A. , Wink M. , Krone O. , Brunnberg L. , Schweigert F. J. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThis study investigated vitamin A compounds in the plasma of healthy free‐ranging Central European raptors with different feeding strategies. Plasma samples of nestlings of white‐tailed sea eagle [white‐tailed sea eagle (WTSE), Haliaeetus albicilla) (n = 32), osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (n = 39), northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) (n = 25), common buzzard (Buteo buteo) (n = 31), and honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus) (n = 18) and adults of WTSE (n = 10), osprey (n = 31), and northern goshawk (n = 45) were investigated with reversed‐phase‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). In WTSE, northern goshawks and common buzzards retinol were the main plasma component of vitamin A, whilst in ospreys and honey buzzards, 3,4‐didehydroretinol predominated. The median of the retinol plasma concentration in the nestlings group ranged from 0.12 to 3.80 μm and in the adult group from 0.15 to 6.13 μm. Median plasma concentrations of 3,4‐didehydroretinol in nestlings ranged from 0.06 to 3.55 μm. In adults, northern goshawks had the lowest plasma concentration of 3,4‐didehydroretinol followed by WTSE and ospreys. The plasma of all investigated species contained retinyl esters (palmitate, oleate, and stearate). The results show considerable species‐specific differences in the vitamin A plasma concentrations that might be caused by different nutrition strategies.
Energy intake for maintenance in a mammal with a low basal metabolism, the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
Authors: Stahl M. , Osmann C. , Ortmann S. , Kreuzer M. , Hatt J.‐M. , Clauss M. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryGiant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) are among those mammals for which a particularly low metabolism has been reported. In order to verify presumably low requirements for energy, we used eight anteaters (two males, six females; aged 1–14 years; body mass between 46 and 64 kg) in a total of 64 individual trials, in which a variety of intake levels was achieved on various diets. Digestible energy (DE) intake was quantified by measuring food intake and faecal excretion and analysing representative samples for gross energy, and animals were weighed regularly. Maintenance DE requirements were calculated by regression analysis for the DE intake that corresponded to zero weight change. Differences between individuals were significant. Older anteaters (n = 3 animals aged 12–15 years in 29 trials) had lower relative requirements than younger ones (n = 5 animals aged 1–7 years in 35 trials); thus, giant anteaters resemble other mammals in which similar age‐specific differences in energy requirements are known. However, estimated maintenance requirements were 347 kJ DE/kg0.75/day in the anteaters, which is low compared to the 460–580 kJ DE/kg0.75/day maintenance requirements of domestic dogs. The lack of knowledge that metabolic requirements are below the mammalian average could make species particularly susceptible to overfeeding, if amounts considered adequate for average mammals were provided. Non‐scientific reports on comparatively fast growth rates and high body masses in captive giant anteaters as compared to free‐ranging animals suggest that body mass development and feeding regimes in captivity should be further assessed.
GAPDH: A common enzyme with uncommon functions
Authors: Nicholls Craig , Li He , Liu Jun‐Ping 
Published: September 2011

Summary1. Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has long been recognized as an important enzyme for energy metabolism and the production of ATP and pyruvate through anaerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm.2. Recent studies have shown that GAPDH has multiple functions independent of its role in energy metabolism. Although increased GAPDH gene expression and enzymatic function is associated with cell proliferation and tumourigenesis, conditions such as oxidative stress impair GAPDH catalytic activity and lead to cellular aging and apoptosis.3. The mechanism(s) underlying the effects of GAPDH on cellular proliferation remains unclear, yet much evidence has been accrued that demonstrates a variety of interacting partners for GAPDH, including proteins, various RNA species and telomeric DNA.4. The present mini review summarizes recent findings relating to the extraglycolytic functions of GAPDH and highlights the significant role this enzyme plays in regulating both cell survival and apoptotic death.
Examination of the anterior uveoscleral pathway in domestic species
Authors: Sedacca Kara , Samuelson Don , Lewis Patricia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective  To investigate the uveoscleral (US) pathway in the normal eyes of four domestic spp.: the cat, pig, cow and horse by examining the comparative anatomical structure of anterior US pathway.Animals studied  Four cats, ten pigs, four cows, eight horses.Procedures  Formalin‐preserved specimens from anterior uveas of the cat, pig, cow and horse were embedded and serially sectioned sagittally and tangentially and stained with H&E, Masson’s trichrome, smooth muscle actin immunolabel, or elastin stain.Results  Spaces between the endings of the outer anterior ciliary body musculature (CBM) formed avenues for the beginning of the US pathway and varied in the amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) material being most developed in the pig. In the cow, other anterior muscle bundles attached the CBM to the sclera concomitant with the presence of an anterior elastic sheath. In the horse, these muscle bundles were connected to branching connective tissue trabeculae within the US pathway that were attached radially to the sclera. In the cat, muscle bundles were more abundant and formed a fine meshwork of trabecular associations with the posterior ICA. Supraciliary development was most pronounced in the horse and least in the pig.Conclusion  All species possessed clearly developed and unique US pathways. The outermost muscle bundles of the CBM appeared to have close interaction with the US pathway and the degree of these muscle associations differed with species. The species specific anatomical variations within the US pathway could play a pivotal role in the variability of aqueous outflow along this pathway.
Does Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across Minority Groups? Evidence from a Field Experiment*
Authors: Booth Alison L. , Leigh Andrew , Varganova Elena 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe conduct a large‐scale field experiment to measure labour market discrimination in Australia, one quarter of whose population was born overseas. To denote ethnicity, we use distinctively Anglo‐Saxon, Indigenous, Italian, Chinese and Middle Eastern names. We compare multiple ethnic groups, rather than a single minority as in most other studies. In all cases we applied for entry‐level jobs and submitted a CV indicating that the candidate attended high school in Australia. We find significant differences in callback rates: ethnic minority candidates would need to apply for more jobs in order to receive the same number of interviews. These differences vary systematically across ethnic groups.
MRI‐based intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients with unknown time of symptom onset
Authors: Ebinger M. , Scheitz J. F. , Kufner A. , Endres M. , Fiebach J. B. , Nolte C. H. 
Published: September 2011

Background:  Currently, stroke patients with unknown time of symptom onset (UTOS) are excluded from therapy with intravenous tissue Plasminogen Activator. We hypothesized that MRI‐based intravenous thrombolysis is safe in UTOS.Methods:  We analyzed radiological and clinical data as well as outcomes of stroke patients (including UTOS) who received intravenous thrombolytic therapy after MRI.Results:  Compared to patients with known time of symptom onset (n = 131), UTOS (n = 17) were older (81, 71–88 vs. 75 years, 66–82, P = 0.03), had a longer median time between last‐seen‐well and thrombolysis (12.3 h, IQR 11.5–15.2 h vs. 2.1 h, 1.8–2.8 h, P < 0.01), had a longer median door‐to‐needle time (86 min, 49–112 vs. 60 min, 49–76, P = 0.02), and a higher rate of arterial obstruction on MR‐angiography (82.4% vs. 56.5%, P = 0.04). No symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in UTOS. After 3 months, there was no significant difference between groups concerning good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–2; 35.3% vs. 49.6%, P = 0.26) or mortality (0% vs. 15.3%, P = 0.08). In multivariate analyses including age, gender, baseline NIHSS, and atrial fibrillation UTOS did not have an independent effect on good functional outcome after 3 months (OR 1.16; 0.32–4.12, P = 0.81).Conclusions:  Thrombolysis after MRI seems safe and effective in UTOS. This observation may encourage those who plan prospective placebo‐controlled trials of thrombolytics in this subgroup of stroke patients.
Apathy in acute stroke patients
Authors: Caeiro L. , Ferro J. M. , Figueira M. L. 
Published: September 2011

Background and purpose:  Apathy is a frequent disturbance in stroke patients. The aim of this case–control study was to elucidate whether apathy: (i) was secondary to stroke or related to hospitalization, (ii) was related to thalamic and striatocapsular stroke lesions, (iii) was independent from cognitive impairment and depression in the acute phase of stroke, (iv) was associated with clinical and demographical variables and (v) was associated with a worse functional outcome at discharge.Methods:  We assessed a sample of 94 consecutive patients with an acute (≤4 days) stroke (22 intracerebral haemorrhages, 72 cerebral infarcts), and a control group of 50 patients with acute coronary syndrome, with the 10‐item Apathy Evaluation Scale‐Clinical. We related apathy with cognition (MMSE), depression (Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) and with outcome (modified Rankin Scale).Results:  Apathy was present in 36 (38.3%) acute stroke patients but was also frequent in patients with acute coronary syndrome (24%). Stroke patients were more inaccurate in understanding their problems than patients with acute coronary syndrome (P = 0.005). Logistic regression identified cerebral haemorrhage (OR = 3.5), low educational level (OR = 4.7) and a trend of right hemispherical lesion (OR = 3.0) as independent predictors for apathy (R2 = 32.3%). Cognitive impairment and depression were not associated to apathy. Apathy was associated with a worse outcome (P = 0.03).Conclusion:  Apathy was frequent in acute stroke patients, and it was predicted by acute intracerebral haemorrhage and right hemispherical acute stroke lesion.
Clinical and molecular genetic factors affecting postoperative seizure control of 183 Chinese adult patients with low‐grade gliomas
Authors: You G. , Huang L. , Yang P. , Zhang W. , Yan W. , Wang Y. , Bao Z. , Li S. , Li S. , Li G. , Jiang T. 
Published: September 2011

Background and purpose:  Seizures are a common symptom of patients with primary brain tumors, particularly low‐grade gliomas (LGGs). Poor seizure control after surgery has a great adverse impact on quality of life in these patients. The present study aimed to identify clinical and molecular genetic factors that influence postoperative seizure control.Methods:  A series of 183 LGGs were analyzed by denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) for 1p and 19q status and by immunohistochemical staining for expression of several molecular markers (P53, Ki‐67, MMP‐9 and MGMT), with particular emphasis on correlations with postoperative seizure control. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for statistic analysis.Results:  Of the 183 patients, 134 (73.2%) patients presented with seizures. Most of oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas had LOH 1p and LOH 19q, which were rarely seen in combination in astrocytomas (P < 0.001). Oligodendroglial tumors were more likely to locate in frontal lobe (P = 0.011) and present calcification on MRI (P = 0.024). Temporal location (P = 0.014), and high expression of mutated P53 (P = 0.011) were associated with astrocytomas. Patients achieved much better seizure control after gross‐total resection (P < 0.001) than after subtotal resection. Patients without LOH 19q were more likely to have poor seizure control (P = 0.004) than those with this alteration. Ki‐67 was an independent molecular marker predicting poor seizure control (P = 0.016) if over expressed.Conclusions:  Gross total resection of the tumor, LOH 19q and low Ki‐67 expression were associated with favorable seizure control after surgery for the patients with LGGs. The possible involvement of other factors should be investigated further.
Continuous monitoring versus HOLTER ECG for detection of atrial fibrillation in patients with stroke
Authors: Gumbinger C. , Krumsdorf U. , Veltkamp R. , Hacke W. , Ringleb P. 
Published: September 2011

Background and purpose:  Detection of atrial fibrillation is of vital importance because oral anticoagulation decreases the risk of a stroke by 64%. Current standards for stroke unit treatment require continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring for at least 24 h. Additionally, a 24‐h HOLTER ECG (HOLTER) should be performed in selected patients. It remains unclear whether continuous monitoring at the bedside is equivalent to HOLTER for the detection of atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, we investigate how many additional patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation can be identified as a result of a longer duration of continuous monitoring.Methods:  In this study, we prospectively compared the detection rates of HOLTER and 24‐h monitoring at the Stroke Unit at the University of Heidelberg over a period of 9 months. Continuous monitoring was analyzed by trained nurses, HOLTER by cardiologists.Results:  We included 370 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in our study. Of these, 192 patients underwent HOLTER. Previously unknown atrial fibrillation was detected in 44 patients, 13 patients had no atrial fibrillation in baseline ECG, but atrial fibrillation was detected by continuous monitoring. In two patients, the HOLTER showed atrial fibrillation; both patients had also been detected by continuous monitoring. Median time to detection of the atrial fibrillation during continuous monitoring was 43 h after hospitalization.Conclusion:  In this study, use of HOLTER does not give any additional benefit in comparison with continuous monitoring with intermittent analysis by trained staff alone. The median detection time of 43 h emphasizes the importance of longer continuous monitoring.
Residue iteration decomposition (RIDE): A new method to separate ERP components on the basis of latency variability in single trials
Authors: Ouyang Guang , Herzmann Grit , Zhou Changsong , Sommer Werner 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEvent‐related brain potentials (ERPs) are important research tools because they provide insights into mental processing at high temporal resolution. Their usefulness, however, is limited by the need to average over a large number of trials, sacrificing information about the trial‐by‐trial variability of latencies or amplitudes of specific ERP components. Here we propose a novel method based on an iteration strategy of the residues of averaged ERPs (RIDE) to separate latency‐variable component clusters. The separated component clusters can then serve as templates to estimate latencies in single trials with high precision. By applying RIDE to data from a face‐priming experiment, we separate priming effects and show that they are robust against latency shifts and within‐condition variability. RIDE is useful for a variety of data sets that show different degrees of variability and temporal overlap between ERP components.
Mass univariate analysis of event‐related brain potentials/fields II: Simulation studies
Authors: Groppe David M. , Urbach Thomas P. , Kutas Marta 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMass univariate analysis is a relatively new approach for the study of ERPs/ERFs. It consists of many statistical tests and one of several powerful corrections for multiple comparisons. Multiple comparison corrections differ in their power and permissiveness. Moreover, some methods are not guaranteed to work or may be overly sensitive to uninteresting deviations from the null hypothesis. Here we report the results of simulations assessing the accuracy, permissiveness, and power of six popular multiple comparison corrections (permutation‐based control of the familywise error rate [FWER], weak control of FWER via cluster‐based permutation tests, permutation‐based control of the generalized FWER, and three false discovery rate control procedures) using realistic ERP data. In addition, we look at the sensitivity of permutation tests to differences in population variance. These results will help researchers apply and interpret these procedures.
Salivary cortisol and soluble tumor necrosis factor‐α receptor II responses to multiple experimental modalities of acute pain
Authors: Goodin Burel R. , Quinn Noel B. , King Christopher D. , Page Gayle G. , Haythornthwaite Jennifer A. , Edwards Robert R. , Stapleton Laura , McGuire Lynanne 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe present study compared cortisol and soluble tumor necrosis factor‐α receptor II (sTNFαRII) responses provoked by cold pressor, hot water, ischemic, and neutral water (i.e., room temperature) modalities. Oral fluid samples were collected before, immediately after, and during recovery to assess physiological responses. From baseline, the cold pressor, but not hot water or ischemic modalities, produced a significant time‐dependent elevation in cortisol, whereas cortisol significantly decreased for the neutral water task. When compared to baseline, the cold pressor, hot water, and ischemic modalities were associated with decreased sTNFαRII responses over time. The sTNFαRII response to neutral water initially decreased but returned to approximate baseline levels. Pain ratings were positively associated with cortisol increase from baseline and the overall cortisol response was negatively associated with the overall sTNFαRII response.
Pretransplant severe hepatic encephalopathy, peritransplant sodium and post‐liver transplantation morbidity and mortality
Authors: Brandman Danielle , Biggins Scott W. , Hameed Bilal , Roberts John P. , Terrault Norah A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundHepatic encephalopathy (HE) does not enhance the prediction of model of end‐stage liver disease (MELD) wait‐list mortality, but its influence on post‐liver transplantation (LT) morbidity and mortality is largely unknown.AimsTo examine the association between severe pre‐LT HE and peri‐LT serum sodium levels as well as post‐LT length of stay (LOS) and survival.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 393 adult patients undergoing first LT for end‐stage liver disease and followed for a median of 4 years post‐LT was performed to evaluate the association between severe HE within the 30 days prior to LT and selected in‐hospital post‐LT outcomes.ResultsThirty‐nine (10%) of the cohort had severe HE pre‐LT. Patients with severe HE more frequently had Na changes of ≥15 mmol/L in the peri‐LT period (P = 0.002). LOS was significantly longer for severe HE than non‐severe HE patients (16 vs. 8 days, P < 0.0001) and this association was independent of MELD, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, pre‐LT nadir serum sodium and pre‐ to post‐LT change in serum sodium. The 1‐year mortality was 15% in the severe HE vs. 7% in the non‐severe HE groups (HR = 2.19, P = 0.08), and this difference was attenuated by adjusting for pre‐LT severe hypernatremia, but increased by adjusting for donor risk index.ConclusionSevere HE mainly affects LOS, and this association is independent of MELD. Whether the large changes in peri‐LT serum Na, more frequently seen in the severe HE group, contribute to post‐LT morbidity requires further study.