bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural history and complications of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hoong Caroline Wei Shan , Broski Stephen M , Sfeir Jad G , Clarke Bart Lyman 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism (NHPT) is variably defined, and information regarding complications and natural history are scarce. We aimed to describe the phenotype of NHPT in relation to hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and controls, to determine risk of progression, and to develop a predictive model for progression to PHPT. This is a retrospective chart review of 232 patients at a tertiary medical center, comparing 75 controls, 73 patients with NHPT, and 84 with PHPT. NHPT was intermediate in biochemical profile between controls and PHPT with respect to cCa, iPTH, intraindividual coefficient of variant of cCa, phosphorus, and 25(OH)D. NHPT patients had an increased adjusted risk of urolithiasis (OR 5.34, 95%CI, 2.41-12.71, P &lt; .001) and fragility fractures (OR 4.53, 95%CI, 1.63-14.84, P = .006) versus controls, after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. Fewer NHPT compared with PHPTH patients achieved cure with parathyroidectomy (P = .001). NHPT more often had nonlocalizing imaging or polyglandular disease (P = .005). Parathyroidectomy improved biochemical but not BMD parameters in NHPT. Over a median follow-up of 4.23 (IQR 1.76-5.31) years, NHPT patients managed expectantly experienced no change in iPTH, and progression to PHPT occurred in 9%. An XGBoost model combining 6 factors for progression (mean index 2 iPTH, mean index 2 cCa, 24-h urinary calcium, age, 25(OH)D, and presence of urolithiasis) had an area under the curve 1.00 (95%CI, 1.00-1.00, P &lt; .001) for predicting combined progression. NHPT is a mild variant of PHPT at intermediate risk of urolithiasis and fragility fractures. Cure was less often achieved with parathyroidectomy, which did not improve BMD parameters. Progression was infrequent with conservative management. Because only a minority progressed to PHPT, in addition to lower surgical success rates, we suggest conservative management for the majority of NHPT unless risk factors for progression are identified.
Real-time inverse kinematics for robotic manipulation under remote center-of-motion constraint using memetic evolution
Authors: Davila Ana , Colan Jacinto , Hasegawa Yasuhisa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRobotic manipulation in surgical applications often demands the surgical instrument to pivot around a fixed point, known as remote center of motion (RCM). The RCM constraint ensures that the pivot point of the surgical tool remains stationary at the incision port, preventing tissue damage and bleeding. Precisely and efficiently controlling tool positioning and orientation under this constraint poses a complex Inverse Kinematics (IK) problem that must be solved in real-time to ensure patient safety and minimize complications. To address this problem, we propose PivotIK, an efficient IK solver that combines efficient evolutionary exploration with multi-objective Jacobian-based optimization. PivotIK can track desired tool poses accurately while satisfying the RCM constraint in real-time. We evaluated PivotIK through simulations and real-world experiments using redundant robotic manipulators with multi-degree-of-freedom surgical instruments. We compare PivotIK with other IK solvers in terms of solve rates, computation times, tracking errors, and RCM errors under various scenarios, including unconstrained and RCM-constrained trajectories. Our results show that PivotIK achieves superior performance, solving the IK problem in less than 1 ms with errors below 0.01 and 0.1 mm for tracking and RCM, respectively. Our real-world experiments confirm the effectiveness of PivotIK in ensuring smooth trajectory tracking and RCM compliance. PivotIK offers a promising solution for real-time IK for robotic manipulation under RCM constraints in surgical applications.
Environmental Constitutionalism in China: A Constitution without Constitutionalism?
Authors: Wang Evelyn Li 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There is a long tradition of constitutionalising environmental protection in the People's Republic of China ('China'). This is illustrated, for example, by the constitutionalisation of the need to construct ‘ecological civilisation’ – a set of values and development concepts included in 2018 as part of constitutional amendments. Yet, the Constitution of China is often described as a constitution without constitutionalism. This article examines the constitutional environmental provisions in China, as well as the underpinning constitutional theories, to demonstrate how China enjoys environmental constitutionalism. This version of constitutionalism, however, is absent of rights and overwhelmingly enforced through state-based approaches, which means that it is distinct from the rights-based and courts-centred versions of liberal constitutionalism. This study thus exemplifies how constitutional practices may adopt different formulations and environmental constitutionalism exists without being committed to liberal principles.
Effects of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and Nutritional Rehabilitation on Growth in Children Aged 6–36 Months with Severe Acute Malnutrition in IMPAACT Protocol P1092
Authors: Mmbaga Blandina Theophil , Ngocho James Samwel , Tierney Camlin , Ziemba Lauren , Reding Christina , Bone Frederic , Bradford Sarah , Costello Diane , Browning Renee , Moye John , Vhembo Tichaona , Mambiya Sharon , Msowoya Esnath , Owor Maxensia , Musoke Philippa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is known to improve child survival and growth in children living with HIV (CLHIV). We investigated growth outcomes in children with severe nonedematous acute malnutrition (SAM) and without SAM (mild malnutrition and normal nutrition) after initiation of ART in both groups and nutritional support.

Material and Methods
IMPAACT P1092 enrolled CLHIV aged 6 to &lt;36 months with World Health Organization (WHO)-defined SAM or without SAM across 5 sites in Sub-Saharan Africa and followed them for 48 weeks. The enrollment was conducted in four countries: Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe between October 2015 and September 2017. Weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured at baseline through 48 weeks. WHO weight-for-length/height Z-scores (WFL/H Z-score) were calculated. SAM children received readily available therapeutic food per WHO guidelines. All participants were initiated on a triple-ART regimen. SAM children entered the study after initial nutritional rehabilitation.

Results
Fifty-two CLHIV, 25 in the SAM cohort and 27 in the without SAM cohort, were enrolled. WFL/H Z-scores and MUAC in the SAM cohort increased significantly at weeks 24 and 48 [WFL/H Z-scores: mean change (95% CI) 2.34 (1.77, 2.91) and 2.73 (2.09, 3.37), both P &lt; .001; MUAC: mean change (95% CI) 2.63 (1.98, 3.28) and 3.53 (2.83, 4.24) cm, P &lt; .001]. At week 48, mean SAM height was 4 cm shorter and mean weight 1 kg lighter than without SAM [post hoc mean differences −4.11 (95% CI −8.60, 0.38) cm and −0.92 (95% CI −2.22, 0.39) kg].

Conclusions
CLHIV with SAM who undergo WHO nutritional rehabilitation can achieve significant growth and WFL/H Z-score improvements but continued intensive anthropometric monitoring is needed as SAM may still be behind those without SAM.
A stable fixed-dose combination of benzalkonium chloride-free latanoprost and once-a-day timolol
Authors: Khopade Ajay J , Halder Arindam , Patel Vivek , Pateliya Bharat , Burade Vinod 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study outlines the development of a stable fixed dose combination solution formulation of Benzalkonium chloride-free latanoprost with once-a-day timolol in a gel-free reservoir vehicle.

Methods
A fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulation of latanoprost and timolol maleate was prepared by mixing polymers, buffers, and ionic preservatives followed by parylene coating of plastic bottles that were used for stability studies.

Key findings
The FDC formulation was a clear, colorless, slightly viscous solution. The adsorption of latanoprost on the parylene-coated plastic bottle surface was reduced. Promoting stability for 36 months. The assay and impurities and other physicochemical quality attributes, such as color, clarity, osmolality, and pH met the required standards of both latanoprost and timolol. The sterility and antimicrobial effectiveness testing also complied with the United States Pharmacopeia requirements. Stability was proven for 30 days in simulated in-use conditions. It showed clinically relevant (&gt;2 mm Hg) intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in a normotensive dog model. It also showed a higher IOP reduction (efficacy) over individual or concomitantly administered drug components and numerically better IOP reduction than the marketed FDC formulation in a conventional vehicle. Faster action was seen within 2-h on the first day and recovery took 5 days post-treatment cessation.

Conclusion
A stable FDC formulation in parylene-coated plastic bottles was successfully developed meeting the clinically relevant IOP reduction criteria. Comparable efficacy insptto existing treatment, this FDC is a preferable option for patients with conditions such as dry eye and ocular surface disease.
UCP1‐dependent brown adipose activation accelerates cardiac metabolic remodeling and reduces initial hypertrophic and fibrotic responses to pathological stress
Authors: Challa Azariyas A. , Vidal Pablo , Maurya Santosh K. , Maurya Chandan K. , Baer Lisa A. , Wang Yang , James Natasha Maria , Pardeshi Parth J. , Fasano Matthew , Carley Andrew N. , Stanford Kristin I. , Lewandowski E. Douglas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is correlated to cardiovascular health in rodents and humans, but the physiological role of BAT in the initial cardiac remodeling at the onset of stress is unknown. Activation of BAT via 48 h cold (16°C) in mice following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) reduced cardiac gene expression for LCFA uptake and oxidation in male mice and accelerated the onset of cardiac metabolic remodeling, with an early isoform shift of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) toward increased CPT1a, reduced entry of long chain fatty acid (LCFA) into oxidative metabolism (0.59 ± 0.02 vs. 0.72 ± 0.02 in RT TAC hearts, p < .05) and increased carbohydrate oxidation with altered glucose transporter content. BAT activation with TAC reduced early hypertrophic expression of β‐MHC by 61% versus RT‐TAC and reduced pro‐fibrotic TGF‐β1 and COL3α1 expression. While cardiac natriuretic peptide expression was yet to increase at only 3 days TAC, Nppa and Nppb expression were elevated in Cold TAC versus RT TAC hearts 2.7‐ and 2.4‐fold, respectively. Eliminating BAT thermogenic activation with UCP1 KO mice eliminated differences between Cold TAC and RT TAC hearts, confirming effects of BAT activation rather than autonomous cardiac responses to cold. Female responses to BAT activation were blunted, with limited UCP1 changes with cold, partly due to already activated BAT in females at RT compared to thermoneutrality. These data reveal a previously unknown physiological mechanism of UCP1‐dependent BAT activation in attenuating early cardiac hypertrophic and profibrotic signaling and accelerating remodeled metabolic activity in the heart at the onset of cardiac stress.
How Do Learners Receive Feedback on Note Writing? A Scoping Review
Authors: Hansen Allison , Klute Ryan M. , Yadav Manajyoti , Bansal Saurabh , Bond William F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The literature assessing the process of note-writing based on gathered information is scant. This scoping review investigates methods of providing feedback on learners’ note-writing abilities.

Method
Scopus and Web of Science were searched for studies that investigated feedback on student notes or reviewed notes written on an information or data-gathering activity in health care and other fields in August 2022. Of 426 articles screened, 23 met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on the article title, publication year, study location, study aim, study design, number of participants, participant demographics, level of education, type of note written, field of study, form of feedback given, source of the feedback, and student or participant rating of feedback method from the included articles. Then possible themes were identified and a final consensus-based thematic analysis was performed.

Results
Themes identified in the 23 included articles were as follows: (1) learners found faculty and peer feedback beneficial; (2) direct written comments and evaluation tools, such as rubrics or checklists, were the most common feedback methods; (3) reports on notes in real clinical settings were limited (simulated clinical scenarios in preclinical curriculum were the most studied); (4) feedback providers and recipients benefit from having prior training on providing and receiving feedback; (5) sequential or iterative feedback was beneficial for learners but can be time intensive for faculty and confounded by maturation effects; and (6) use of technology and validated assessment tools facilitate the feedback process through ease of communication and improved organization.

Conclusions
The various factors influencing impact and perception of feedback include the source, structure, setting, use of technology, and amount of feedback provided. As the utility of note-writing in health care expands, studies are needed to clarify the value of note feedback in learning and the role of innovative technologies in facilitating note feedback.
Lower Hounsfield Units at the Planned Lowest Instrumented Vertebra Is an Independent Risk Factor for Complications Following Adult Cervical Deformity Surgery
Authors: Williamson Tyler K. , Koslosky Ezekial J. , Lebovic Jordan , Owusu-Sarpong Stephane , Tretiakov Peter , Mir Jamshaid , Dave Pooja , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Diebo Bassel G. , Koller Heiko , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie , Passias Peter G. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The association of Hounsfield units (HU) and junctional pathologies in adult cervical deformity (ACD) surgery has not been elucidated.

Objective:
Assess if the bone mineral density of the LIV, as assessed by HUs, is prognostic for the risk of complications after ACD surgery.

Study Design/Setting:
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
HUs were measured on preoperative CT scans. Means comparison test assessed differences in HUs based on the occurrence of complications, linear regression assessed the correlation of HUs with risk factors, and multivariable logistic regression followed by a conditional inference tree derived a threshold for HUs based on the increased likelihood of developing a complication.

Results:
In all, 107 ACD patients were included. Thirty-one patients (29.0%) developed a complication (18.7% perioperative), with 20.6% developing DJK and 11.2% developing DJF. There was a significant correlation between lower LIVs and lower HUs (r=0.351, P=0.01), as well as age and HUs at the LIV. Age did not correlate with change in the DJK angle (P>0.2). HUs were lower at the LIV for patients who developed a complication and an LIV threshold of 190 HUs was predictive of complications (OR: 4.2, [1.2–7.6]; P=0.009).

Conclusions:
Low bone mineral density at the lowest instrumented vertebra, as assessed by a threshold lower than 190 Hounsfield units, may be a crucial risk factor for the development of complications after cervical deformity surgery. Preoperative CT scans should be routinely considered in at-risk patients to mitigate this modifiable risk factor during surgical planning.

Level of Evidence:
Level—III
Clinician Prediction of Survival vs Calculated Prediction Scores in Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Martin Laura Ann , Bojorquez Genesis R. , Yi Cassia , Ignatyev Alex , Pollema Travis , Davidson Judy E. , Odish Mazen 
Published: May 2024

Background
Determining appropriate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) candidacy ensures appropriate utilization of this costly resource. The current ECMO survival prediction scores do not consider clinician assessment of patient viability. This study compared clinician prediction of survival to hospital discharge versus prediction scores.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare clinician prediction of patients' survival to hospital discharge versus prognostic prediction scores (Respiratory ECMO Survival Prediction [RESP] or Survival After Veno-Arterial ECMO [SAVE] score) to actual survival.

Methods
This was an observational descriptive study from January 2020 to November 2021 conducted with interviews of nurses, perfusionists, and physicians who were involved during the initiation of ECMO within the first 24 hours of cannulation. Data were retrieved from the medical record to determine prediction scores and survival outcomes at hospital discharge. Accuracy of clinician prediction of survival was compared to the RESP or SAVE prediction scores and actual survival to hospital discharge.

Results
Accurate prediction of survival to hospital discharge for veno-venous ECMO by nurses was 47%, 64% by perfusionists, 45% by physicians, and 45% by the RESP score. Accurate predictions of patients on veno-arterial ECMO were correct in 54% of nurses, 77% of physicians, and 14% by the SAVE score. Physicians were more accurate than the SAVE score, P = .021, and perfusionists were significantly more accurate than the RESP score, P = .044. There was no relationship between ECMO specialists' years of experience and accuracy of predications.

Conclusion
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation clinicians may have better predictions of survival to hospital discharge than the prediction scores. Further research is needed to develop accurate prediction tools to help determine ECMO eligibility.
Effect of phospholipid curcumin Meriva on liver histology and kidney disease in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Musso Giovanni , Pinach Silvia , Mariano Filippo , Saba Francesca , De Michieli Franco , Framarin Luciana , Berrutti Mara , Paschetta Elena , Parente Renato , Lizet Castillo Yanina , Leone Nicola , Castellino Francesca , Cassader Maurizio , Gambino Roberto 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims:
NASH confers an increased liver-related and kidney morbidity. Phospholipid curcumin (Meriva) is a phospholipid formulation with ameliorated systemic curcumin absorption and delivery. We assessed the safety and efficacy of Meriva in NASH.

Approach and Results:
In this double-blind trial, 52 patients with biopsy-proven NASH (71% with stage ≥F2 fibrosis, 58% with stage A2-G2/A2-G3a chronic kidney disease) were randomized 1:1 to receive Meriva 2 g/d or placebo for 72 weeks. The primary endpoint was NASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis. The secondary endpoints included a ≥1 stage liver fibrosis improvement with no NASH worsening; regression of significant (ie, stage ≥F2) fibrosis and CKD; and improvement in renal, glucose, lipid, and inflammatory parameters. We also explored the treatment effect on hepatic activation of NF-kB, a key proinflammatory transcription factor and a major target of curcumin. Fifty-one patients (26 on Meriva and 25 on placebo) completed the trial. Sixteen (62%) patients on Meriva versus 3 (12%) patients on placebo had NASH resolution (RR = 5.33 [95% CI = 1.76–12.13]; p = 0.003). Thirteen (50%) patients on Meriva versus 2 (8%) patients on placebo had ≥1 stage fibrosis improvement (RR = 6.50 [1.63–21.20]; p = 0.008). Eleven (42%) patients on Meriva versus 0 (0%) on placebo had regression of significant liver fibrosis (RR = 18.01 [1.43–36.07]; p = 0.02). Hepatic NF-kB inhibition predicted NASH resolution (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84–0.95) and fibrosis improvement (AUC = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.82–0.96). Thirteen (50%) patients on Meriva versus 0 (0%) on placebo had chronic kidney disease regression (RR = 10.71 [1.94–17.99)]; p = 0.004). Compared with placebo, Meriva improved eGFR (difference in adjusted eGFR change: +3.59 [2.96–4.11] mL/min/1.73 m2/y, p = 0.009), fasting glucose(−17 mg/dL; 95% CI = −22, −12), HbA1c (−0.62%; 95% CI = −0.87%, −0.37%), LDL-C (−39 mg/dL; 95% CI = −45, −33), triglycerides (−36 mg/dL, 95% CI = −46, −26), HDL-C (+10 mg/dL; 95% CI = +8, +11), and inflammatory markers. Adverse events were rare, mild, and evenly distributed.

Conclusions:
In patients with NASH, Meriva administration for 72 weeks was safe, well-tolerated, and improved liver histology, possibly through NF-kB inhibition, kidney disease, and metabolic profile.
Moxifloxacin-associated acute pigment dispersion and iris transillumination after phakic lens surgery
Authors: Jones Marlee , Reynhout Julia , Schirber Scott , Khachikian Stephen 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:Acute pigment dispersion and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) were found after phakic intraocular lens surgery where 0.5% moxifloxacin was used. While scattered reports can be found in the literature, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first time it has been linked to intracameral 0.5% moxifloxacin.Patient and Clinical Findings:A 23-year-old man experienced symptoms of unilateral eye pain, increased IOP, diffuse pigment dispersion, transillumination defects, and mydriasis after successful bilateral Starr Visian EVO implantable collamer lens implantation.Diagnosis, Intervention and Outcomes:Intracameral moxifloxacin (0.5%) was given at the time of the procedure and was suspected to be the cause of this patient's postoperative findings. These findings are consistent with iris toxicity associated with systemic moxifloxacin. Supportive care was given, however, the resulting pigment dispersion and mydriasis are permanent.Conclusions:Although generally safe for intracameral use, moxifloxacin has the potential to be toxic to the iris. Patients with phakia may be at higher risk of this toxicity, and lower concentrations of intracameral moxifloxacin should be considered in these patients.
Influence of chronotype on pain incidence during early adolescence
Authors: Li Rui , Groenewald Cornelius , Tham See Wan , Rabbitts Jennifer A. , Ward Teresa M. , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
During adolescence major shifts in sleep and circadian systems occur with a notable circadian phase delay. Yet, the circadian influence on pain during early adolescence is largely unknown. Using 2 years of data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, we investigated the impact of chronotype on pain incidence, moderate-to-severe pain, and multiregion pain 1 year later in U.S. adolescents. Based on the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, chronotype was calculated as the midpoint between sleep onset and offset on free days, corrected for sleep debt over the week. Adolescents reported pain presence over the past month, and if present, rated pain intensity (0-10 numerical rating scale; ≥ 4 defined as moderate-to-severe pain) and body site locations (Collaborative Health Outcomes Information Registry Body Map; ≥2 regions defined as multiregion pain). Three-level random intercept logistic regression models were specified for each pain outcome, adjusting for baseline sociodemographic and developmental characteristics. Among 5991 initially pain-free adolescents (mean age 12.0 years, SD 0.7), the mean chronotype was 3:59 am (SD 97 minutes), and the 1-year incidence of pain, moderate-to-severe pain, and multiregion pain was 24.4%, 15.2%, and 13.5%, respectively. Each hour later chronotype at baseline was associated with higher odds of developing any pain (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 1.11), moderate-to-severe pain (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.05-1.17), and multiregion pain (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02-1.14) during 1-year follow-up. In this diverse U.S. adolescent sample, later chronotype predicted higher incidence of new-onset pain.