bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural insights into the enzyme catalysis from comparison of three forms of dissimilatory sulphite reductase from Desulfovibrio gigas
Authors: Hsieh Yin‐Cheng , Liu Ming‐Yih , Wang Vincent C.‐C. , Chiang Yen‐Lung , Liu En‐Huang , Wu Wen‐guey , Chan Sunney I. , Chen Chun‐Jung 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe crystal structures of two active forms of dissimilatory sulphite reductase (Dsr) from Desulfovibrio gigas, Dsr‐I and Dsr‐II, are compared at 1.76 and 2.05 Å resolution respectively. The dimeric α2β2γ2 structure of Dsr‐I contains eight [4Fe–4S] clusters, two saddle‐shaped sirohaems and two flat sirohydrochlorins. In Dsr‐II, the [4Fe–4S] cluster associated with the sirohaem in Dsr‐I is replaced by a [3Fe–4S] cluster. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of the active Dsr‐I and Dsr‐II confirm the co‐factor structures, whereas EPR of a third but inactive form, Dsr‐III, suggests that the sirohaem has been demetallated in addition to its associated [4Fe–4S] cluster replaced by a [3Fe–4S] centre. In Dsr‐I and Dsr‐II, the sirohydrochlorin is located in a putative substrate channel connected to the sirohaem. The γ‐subunit C‐terminus is inserted into a positively charged channel formed between the α‐ and β‐subunits, with its conserved terminal Cysγ104 side‐chain covalently linked to the CHA atom of the sirohaem in Dsr‐I. In Dsr‐II, the thioether bond is broken, and the Cysγ104 side‐chain moves closer to the bound sulphite at the sirohaem pocket. These different forms of Dsr offer structural insights into a mechanism of sulphite reduction that can lead to S3O62−, S2O32− and S2−.
Charged residues in the cytoplasmic loop of MotA are required for stator assembly into the bacterial flagellar motor
Authors: Morimoto Yusuke V. , Nakamura Shuichi , Kami‐ike Nobunori , Namba Keiichi , Minamino Tohru 
Published: September 2010

SummaryMotA and MotB form a transmembrane proton channel that acts as the stator of the bacterial flagellar motor to couple proton flow with torque generation. The C‐terminal periplasmic domain of MotB plays a role in anchoring the stators to the motor. However, it remains unclear where their initial binding sites are. Here, we constructed Salmonella strains expressing GFP‐MotB and MotA‐mCherry and investigated their subcellular localization by fluorescence microscopy. Neither the D33N and D33A mutations in MotB, which abolish the proton flow, nor depletion of proton motive force affected the assembly of GFP‐MotB into the motor, indicating that the proton translocation activity is not required for stator assembly. Overexpression of MotA markedly inhibited wild‐type motility, and it was due to the reduction in the number of functional stators. Consistently, MotA‐mCherry was observed to colocalize with GFP‐FliG even in the absence of MotB. These results suggest that MotA alone can be installed into the motor. The R90E and E98K mutations in the cytoplasmic loop of MotA (MotAC), which has been shown to abolish the interaction with FliG, significantly affected stator assembly, suggesting that the electrostatic interaction of MotAC with FliG is required for the efficient assembly of the stators around the rotor.
Conserved components, but distinct mechanisms for the placement and assembly of the cell division machinery in unicellular and filamentous ascomycetes
Authors: Seiler Stephan , Justa‐Schuch Daniela 
Published: September 2010

SummaryCytokinesis is essential for cell proliferation, yet its molecular description is challenging, because > 100 conserved proteins must be spatially and temporally co‐ordinated. Despite the high importance of a tight co‐ordination of cytokinesis with chromosome and organelle segregation, the mechanism for determining the cell division plane is one of the least conserved aspects of cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells. Budding and fission yeast have developed fundamentally distinct mechanisms to ensure proper nuclear segregation. The extent to which these pathways are conserved in multicellular fungi remains unknown. Recent progress indicates common components, but different mechanisms that are required for proper selection of the septation site in the different groups of Ascomycota. Cortical cues are used in yeast‐ and filament‐forming species of the Saccharomycotina clade that are established at the incipient bud site or the hyphal tip respectively. In contrast, septum formation in the filament‐forming Pezizomycotina species Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa seems more closely related to the fission yeast programme in that they may combine mitotic signals with a cell end‐based marker system and Rho GTPase signalling. Thus, significant differences in the use and connection of conserved signalling modules become apparent that reflect the phylogenetic relationship of the analysed models.
Helicobacter pylori HP0518 affects flagellin glycosylation to alter bacterial motility
Authors: Asakura Hiroshi , Churin Yuri , Bauer Bianca , Boettcher Jan Peter , Bartfeld Sina , Hashii Noritaka , Kawasaki Nana , Mollenkopf Hans J. , Jungblut Peter R. , Brinkmann Volker , Meyer Thomas F. 
Published: September 2010

Summary Helicobacter pylori is a human gastric pathogen associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as gastric cancer. Mounting evidence suggests this pathogen's motility is prerequisite for successful colonization of human gastric tissues. Here, we isolated an H. pylori G27 HP0518 mutant exhibiting altered motility in comparison to its parental strain. We show that the mutant's modulated motility is linked to increased levels of O‐linked glycosylation on flagellin A (FlaA) protein. Recombinant HP0518 protein decreased glycosylation levels of H. pylori flagellin in vitro, indicating that HP0518 functions in deglycosylation of FlaA protein. Furthermore, mass spectrometric analysis revealed increased glycosylation of HP0518 FlaA was due to a change in pseudaminic acid (Pse) levels on FlaA; HP0518 mutant‐derived flagellin contained approximately threefold more Pse than the parental strain. Further phenotypic and molecular characterization demonstrated that the hyper‐motile HP0518 mutant exhibits superior colonization capabilities and subsequently triggers enhanced CagA phosphorylation and NF‐κB activation in AGS cells. Our study shows that HP0518 is involved in the deglycosylation of flagellin, thereby regulating pathogen motility. These findings corroborate the prominent function of H. pylori flagella in pathogen–host cell interactions and modulation of host cell responses, likely influencing the pathogenesis process.
Bacillus subtilis MreB paralogues have different filament architectures and lead to shape remodelling of a heterologous cell system
Authors: Defeu Soufo Hervé Joël , Graumann Peter L. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryLike many bacteria, Bacillus subtilis cells contain three actin‐like MreB proteins. We show that the three paralogues, MreB, Mbl and MreBH, have different filament architectures in a heterologous cell system, and form straight filaments, helices or ring structures, different from the regular helical arrangement in B. subtilis cells. However, when coexpressed, they colocalize into a single filamentous helical structure, showing that the paralogues influence each other's filament architecture. Ring‐like MreBH structures can be converted into MreB‐like helical filaments by a single point mutation affecting subunit contacts, showing that MreB paralogues feature flexible filament arrangements. Time‐lapse and FRAP experiments show that filaments can extend as well as shrink at both ends, and also show internal rearrangement, suggesting that filaments consist of overlapping bundles of shorter filaments that continuously turn over. Upon induction in Escherichia coli cells, B. subtilis MreB (BsMreB) filaments push the cells into strikingly altered cell morphology, showing that MreB filaments can change cell shape. E. coli cells with a weakened cell wall were ruptured upon induction of BsMreB filaments, suggesting that the bacterial actin orthologue may exert force against the cell membrane and envelope, and thus possibly plays an additional mechanical role in bacteria.
Report: Cutaneous disorders in uremic patients on hemodialysis: an Egyptian case‐controlled study
Authors: Attia Enas A. S. , Hassan Samah I. , Youssef Nagwa M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBackground  We studied the prevalence of mucocutaneous disorders in uremic adults and children on hemodialysis (HD) vs. controls, in Egypt.Methods  A total of 206 Egyptians with uremia (163 adults and 43 children) undergoing HD, and 199 healthy controls (161 adults and 38 children), were examined for mucocutaneous abnormalities.Results  Specific cutaneous diseases associated with renal insufficiency were found in five adults, including acquired perforating dermatosis and pseudo‐porphyria. Non‐specific abnormalities included xerosis (54%), pallor (42.2%), nail changes (34.9%), hair changes (34%), pruritus (32%), hyper‐pigmentation (22.2%), coated tongue (14.1%), ecchymosis (1.5%), and gingival hypertrophy (1.5%). Disorders found significantly more often in uremics than controls included pallor, nail changes, hair changes, pruritus, hyper‐pigmentation and coated tongue in adults (P < 0.05), and nail changes, hair changes, and hyper‐pigmentation in children (P < 0.05). The prevalence of each mucocutaneous abnormality was similar in uremic adults and children except for pallor [more common in adults (P = 0.001)], and hyper‐pigmentation [more common in children (P = 0.003)]. A greater number of hepatitis C virus‐positive than ‐negative adult uremics had hyper‐pigmentation (P < 0.05), and more diabetic uremics had pruritus than did non‐diabetics (P < 0.05).Conclusion  Mucocutaneous disorders occur in adults and children with uremia, some of which are specific associations with the underlying renal disease. Occurrence of some of the non‐specific abnormalities, such as xerosis, ecchymosis, and gingival hypertrophy, may be coincidental or associated with factors other than renal insufficiency.
Review: Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer
Authors: Narayanan Deevya L. , Saladi Rao N. , Fox Joshua L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSkin cancer is the most common type of cancer in fair‐skinned populations in many parts of the world. The incidence, morbidity and mortality rates of skin cancers are increasing and, therefore, pose a significant public health concern. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the major etiologic agent in the development of skin cancers. UVR causes DNA damage and genetic mutations, which subsequently lead to skin cancer. A clearer understanding of UVR is crucial in the prevention of skin cancer. This article reviews UVR, its damaging effects on the skin and its relationship to UV immunosuppression and skin cancer. Several factors influence the amount of UVR reaching the earth’s surface, including ozone depletion, UV light elevation, latitude, altitude, and weather conditions. The current treatment modalities utilizing UVR (i.e. phototherapy) can also predispose to skin cancers. Unnecessary exposure to the sun and artificial UVR (tanning lamps) are important personal attributable risks. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of skin cancer with an emphasis on carefully evaluated statistics, the epidemiology of UVR‐induced skin cancers, incidence rates, risk factors, and preventative behaviors & strategies, including personal behavioral modifications and public educational initiatives.
Review: Aquatic Sports Dematoses. Part 2 – In the Water: Saltwater Dermatoses
Authors: Tlougan Brook E. , Podjasek Joshua O. , Adams Brian B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe second part of this three‐part series on water‐related dermatoses will discuss dermatologic conditions seen in athletes exposed to saltwater. The vast majority of the following dermatoses result from contact with organisms that inhabit saltwater, including bacteria, cnidarians, and echinoderms. This review also will include other dermatoses affecting saltwater athletes and should serve as a guide for dermatologists, sports medicine physicians, and other medical practitioners in recognition and treatment of these dermatoses.
Pharmacology and therapeutics: Neutrophil elastase promotes proliferation of HaCaT cell line and transwell psoriasis organ culture model
Authors: Yang Xichuan , Yan Heng , Zhai Zhifang , Hao Fei , Ye Qingyi , Zhong Baiyu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  Neutrophil elastase (NE) plays an important role in psoriasis. In this study we observed the effect of NE on the proliferation of HaCaT cells and transwell psoriasis organ culture model and investigated the mechanism.Methods  HaCaT cells were treated with various concentrations NE (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 IU/l). In addition, the cells were co‐stimulated with 10 IU/l NE and 1 g/l sivelestat. Then, HaCaT cells proliferation and DNA synthesis were determined using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and tritiated thymidine (3H‐TdR) assay respectively. Cell cycle distribution was measured using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Subsequently, we established cultured transwell psoriasis organ model in vitro. Then, the cultured transwell psoriasis organ model was treated with 10 IU/l NE. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression levels of Ki67 and p53 in the cultured transwell psoriasis organ model.Results  MTT and 3H‐TdR incorporation assay suggested NE could remarkably promote the proliferation and DNA synthesis of HaCaT cell in a dose‐dependent manner. After NE treatment (10 IU/l) for 24 h, the cell fraction of HaCaT cell in G2 + S phase was increased significantly, whereas the cell fraction in G1 phase was reduced remarkably. Immunohistochemistry results revealed enhanced expression of both Ki67 and p53 genes in cultured transwell psoriasis organ model after NE treatment.Conclusions  NE significantly promotes the proliferation of HaCaT cell. Meanwhile, it also up‐regulates the expression levels of Ki67 and p53 in psoriasis lesion tissue, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis lesion.
Clinical trial: Reliability and validity of the Arabic version of “dermatitis family impact” questionnaire in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Al Robaee Ahmad A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an Arabic version of the original English version of Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) questionnaire and to evaluate its reliability and validity among Saudi families having children with atopic dermatitis (AD). Participants were 379 families of affected pediatric patients with AD diagnosed by consultant dermatologists in addition to a control group of 124 parents, who denied the presence of any dermatologic disorders in their children. To develop an Arabic version of the DFI, rigorous international guidelines for translation‐back‐translation were followed. In addition, reliability and validity were evaluated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha and correlation coefficients. Construct validity was assessed by comparing individual items and total scores among various case severity groups and controls. Cronbach’s alpha (=0.90) was acceptable. The inter‐item, item‐total score and item‐severity correlations ranged from moderate to high and were statistically significant (∼0.60, P‐values <0.001). The distribution of item responses evaluated by the ceiling and floor effects showed appropriate proportions and a good discrimination between cases and controls and between severity groups. The DFI scale scores (Mean ± SD) were 3.0 ± 1.50 for control, 9.6 ± 2.88 for mild, 14.67 ± 2.27 for moderate and 18.14 ± 2.0 for severe cases (P < 0.001). The results of this study showed that our translated Arabic version of the DFI is an efficient tool in terms of its reliability and validity for the measurement of the disease impact in families with AD.
Report: Clear cell acanthoma: a rare clinical diagnosis prior to biopsy
Authors: Morrison L. Katie , Duffey Michael , Janik Matthew , Shamma H. Nicholas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  Clear cell acanthoma is a rare, benign epidermal tumor with a clinical hybrid appearance and a distinct histological one. It is frequently mistaken for other clinical lesions.Objective  To evaluate the frequency that clear cell acanthoma was listed in the clinical differential diagnosis of histologically confirmed specimens.Methods  A regional dermatopathology lab database was evaluated from January 1998 through March 2008 for histologically diagnosed cases of clear cell acanthoma. Clinical data that was submitted with these cases including differential diagnoses was analyzed.Results  During this time period of review, 411 histologically confirmed cases of clear cell acanthoma were identified. This entity was listed as a diagnostic possibility in 11 (2.7%) of the cases.Conclusion  Clear cell acanthoma was rarely listed amongst the differential diagnosis of biopsy proven specimens. This may be due to a variable clinical appearance with overlapping features of several other lesions making it difficult to distinguish, or an entity that is rare and not frequently suspected. Additional studies with dermatoscopy may help to further delineate the reasons for the low diagnostic sensitivity.
Tropical medicine rounds: Acrodermatitis enteropathica: a review of 29 Tunisian cases
Authors: Kharfi Monia , El Fékih Nadia , Aounallah‐Skhiri Hajer , Schmitt Sébastien , Fazaa Bécima , Küry Sébastien , Kamoun Mohamed Ridha 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction  Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare autosomal recessive disease due to an abnormality in a zinc transporting molecule.Methods  We conducted a retrospective monocentric study on 29 Tunisian cases of Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) treated in our Department of Dermatology in Tunisia, between January 1981 and June 2008.Results  The age of onset of disorders was between 15 d and 12 months (mean 6.86 ± 3.25 months). The delay of consultation ranged between 15 d and 8 months (mean of 2.8 ± 2.17 months) after onset. Onset of gastrointestinal and psychiatric signs depended significantly on consulting times. Plasma zinc levels ranged between 14 and 88 lg/100 ml (mean 44.86 ± 18.4 lg/100 ml). There was not a significant relation between zincemia and clinical features. Genetic analyses in 13 of our patients showed three different mutations in the SLC39A4 gene: c.1223_1227del (p.Trp411ArgfsX7) in exon 7,c.143T>G (p.Leu48X) in exon 1 and c.1784T>C (p.Gly595Val) in exon 11. No significant genotype‐phenotype correlations could be established.Conclusion  Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare disease which diagnosis is easy. Its biological confirmation is made on a simple dosage of zincemia. However, the diagnosis is not always suggested, and is unfortunately made late. At present, there is a molecular test to detect SLC39A4 mutations.
Review: Identifying potential pitfalls in conventional herpes simplex virus management
Authors: Nguyen Nicholas , Burkhart Craig N. , Burkhart Craig G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn recent years, it has become increasingly clear that genital ulcers from herpes simplex virus (HSV) are associated with HIV acquisition. In light of this evolving synergy in transmission and the availability of effective antiviral therapy, proper diagnosis and management of HSV becomes increasingly important. Unfortunately, conventional HSV management is founded on several popular misconceptions. Herein, we hope to dispel these common misconceptions and expand the current model of herpetic reactivation. By doing so, we aimed to unveil potential pitfalls in current herpetic management.
Diagnostic sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma imaging and its application to non‐cirrhotic patients
Authors: Lin Ming‐Tzung , Chen Chao‐Long , Wang Chih‐Chi , Cheng Yu‐Fan , Eng Hock‐Liew , Wang Jing‐Houng , Chiu King‐Wah , Lee Chuan‐Mo , Hu Tsung‐Hui 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The American Association for the Study of Liver Disease issued guidelines that proposed that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed if a mass is larger than 2 cm in a cirrhotic liver and shows typical features of HCC at triphasic liver computed tomography (CT) or dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In non‐cirrhotic livers, the criteria were not applicable. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively analyze the sensitivity of imaging by samples of definite HCC postoperatively and test their application to diagnose HCC in non‐cirrhotic livers.Methods:  From January 2006 to November 2008, a total of 343 pathologically‐diagnosed HCC patients via surgical resection were reviewed. Among the 343 patients, 204 patients had undergone liver CT examination, and 80 patients underwent MRI examination; serum α‐fetoprotein had been checked for all 343 patients prior to operation. The diagnostic sensitivity of HCC by imaging was evaluated and compared in patients with/without cirrhosis by ultrasound and histology.Results:  The diagnostic sensitivity of HCC by single imaging was approximately 65–80% (liver CT or MRI). A higher sensitivity of HCC diagnosis was found in patients with ultrasound‐diagnosed cirrhosis than non‐cirrhosis, but the difference in sensitivity disappeared after histologically‐cirrhotic validation. The results indicated that regardless of the presence or absence of cirrhosis (histology), a typical vascular pattern could diagnose HCC with equally high sensitivity.Conclusions:  We provide evidence that the sensitivity of HCC diagnosis by imaging is not influenced by the cirrhotic background. Further study is needed to validate the specificity and accuracy.
Systematic review of hepatocellular adenoma in China and other regions
Authors: Lin Haoming , van den Esschert Jacomina , Liu Chao , van Gulik Thomas M 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a benign liver neoplasm with a risk of spontaneous bleeding and malignant transformation. The aim of this review article is to review all the case reports and case series of patients with HCA from 1998 to 2008 in China and other parts of the world in order to compare clinical presentation, surgical management and outcomes. A search for all reports of HCA in the world literature from 1998 to 2008 was performed. A total of 356 patients were identified, including 191 patients from China, 104 from Europe, 46 from North America, and 15 from South–East Asia. A female predominance was not observed in Chinese patients in contrast to the other regions. Acute/chronic abdominal pain was the main clinical presentation in all regions. Twenty patients were diagnosed with coexistent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) was found among six of them. The management of HCA consisted of resection in most cases. The clinical presentation of HCA in China differed from other parts of the world regarding male predominance and a higher incidence of coexistent HCC in China. This might be the result of the birth control policy in China, limited oral contraceptive use, and the higher incidence of HBV.