bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix element corrections in top quark decays for the $$t\overline{t}W^{\pm }$$ process
Authors: Frederix Rikkert , Gellersen Leif , Nasufi Jasmina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present a method that allows enabling matrix element corrections (MECs) in Pythia8 with MC@NLO matching, without incurring double counting. MECs are an interesting feature that may contribute to the accuracy of theoretical predictions, alongside matching and merging. We directly compare our method to a specific choice of settings in Pythia8, which can remove double-counting for MECs in certain processes. We show results by taking the $$t\overline{t}W$$

t

t
¯

W

process as an example. This choice allows us to study the impact of decay MECs in the $$2\textrm{SS}\ell $$

2
SS
ℓ

and $$3\ell $$

3
ℓ

final states. We find that jet-related observables receive these corrections unevenly throughout the phase space. They can contribute up to $$\pm 6\%$$

±
6
%

in certain regions.
A comparative study of wormhole geometries under two different modified gravity formalism
Authors: Kiroriwal Sweeti , Kumar Jitendra , Maurya S. K. , Chaudhary Sourav 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the current article, we discuss the wormhole geometries in two different gravity theories, namely $$\texttt{F}(\texttt{Q, T})$$

F
(
Q
,
T
)

gravity and $$\texttt{F}(\texttt{R, T})$$

F
(
R
,
T
)

gravity. In these theories, $$\texttt{Q}$$
Q
is called a non-metricity scalar, $$\texttt{R}$$
R
stands for the Ricci scalar, and $$\texttt{T}$$
T
denotes the trace of the energy–momentum tensor (EMT). The main goal of this study is to comprehensively compare the properties of wormhole solutions within these two modified gravity frameworks by taking a particular shape function. The conducted analysis shows that the energy density is consistently positive for wormhole models in both gravity theories, while the radial pressure is positive for $$\texttt{F}(\texttt{Q, T})$$

F
(
Q
,
T
)

gravity and negative in $$\texttt{F}(\texttt{R, T})$$

F
(
R
,
T
)

gravity. Furthermore, the tangential pressure shows reverse behavior in comparison to the radial pressure. By using the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equation, the equilibrium aspect is also described, which indicates that hydrostatic force dominates anisotropic force in the case of $$\texttt{F}(\texttt{Q, T})$$

F
(
Q
,
T
)

gravity theory, while the reverse situation occurs in $$\texttt{F}(\texttt{R, T})$$

F
(
R
,
T
)

gravity, i.e., anisotropic force dominates hydrostatic force. Moreover, using the concept of the exoticity parameter, we observed the presence of exotic matter at or near the throat in the case of $$\texttt{F}(\texttt{Q, T})$$

F
(
Q
,
T
)

gravity while matter distribution is exotic near the throat but normal matter far from the throat in $$\texttt{F}(\texttt{R, T})$$

F
(
R
,
T
)

gravity case. In conclusion, precise wormhole models can be created with a potential NEC and DEC violation at the throat of both wormholes while having a positive energy density, i.e., $$\rho >0$$

ρ
>
0

.
Unitary (semi)causal quantum-circuit representation of black hole evaporation
Authors: Broda Bogusław 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA general structure of unitary evolution (evaporation) of the black hole, respecting causality imposed by the event horizon (semicausality), has been derived and presented in the language of quantum circuits. The resulting consequences for the evolution of the corresponding entanglement entropy and the entropy curve have been determined. As an illustration of the general scheme, two families of qubit toy models have been discussed: tensor product models and controlled non-product models.
F(R) gravity dark energy model of an interaction between dark radiation and dark matter
Authors: Qi Yannan , Yang Weiqiang , Wang Yitao , Han Tianyi , Wu Yabo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, we will study the late-time dynamic evolution of the F(R) gravity dark energy model of an interaction between dark radiation and dark matter. We explore the possibility of the apparent extra dark radiation being linked directly to the physics of cold dark matter (CDM). In particular, we consider a generic scenario where dark radiation, as a result of an interaction, is produced directly by a fraction of the dark matter density effectively decaying into dark radiation. The decay process is controlled by its rate $$Q=\alpha H\rho _{dm}$$

Q
=
α
H

ρ

dm

, where $$\alpha $$
α
is the (constant) dimensionless parameter quantifying the strength of the decay mechanism, for the weak coupling between dark matter and dark radiation $$\alpha \ll 1$$

α
≪
1

. We will solve the field equations numerically by using the statefinder function $$y_{H}$$

y
H

to appropriately represent the field equation. The F(R) gravity model we consider is described by a nearly $$R^{2}$$

R
2

-model at early epochs and at late-time the model mimic the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
-Cold-Dark-Matter model ($$\Lambda CDM$$

Λ
C
D
M

), and we fine tune the parameters to achieve viability and compatibility with the latest Planck constraints at late-time. Furthermore, we consider the behavior of several well-known statefinder quantities, we find that statefinder diagnostic and Om diagnostic can not only break the degeneracy of different parameter values in the F(R) gravity dark energy model, but also effectively distinguish the difference between the F(R) gravity model and the $$\Lambda CDM$$

Λ
C
D
M

model. At last, we compared the theoretical results with the SNIa data.
Propagation and fluxes of ultra-high energy cosmic rays in $$\varvec{f(R)}$$ gravity theory
Authors: Sarmah Swaraj Pratim , Goswami Umananda Dev 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, we study the effect of diffusion of ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) protons in the presence of turbulent magnetic fields (TMFs) in the light of the f(R) theory of gravity. The f(R) theory of gravity is a successful modified theory of gravity in explaining the various aspects of the observable Universe including its current state of expansion. For this work, we consider two most studied f(R) gravity models, viz., the power-law model and the Starobinsky model. With these two models, we study the diffusive character of the propagation of UHECR protons in terms of their density enhancement. The density enhancement is a measure of how the density of CRs changes due to their diffusion in the intergalactic medium and interaction with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Ankle, instep and Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff are all spectrum characteristics that extragalactic UHECRs acquire when they propagate through the CMB. We analyse all these characteristics through the diffusive flux as well as its modification factor. Model dependence of the modification factor is minimal compared to the diffusive flux. We compare the UHECR proton spectra calculated for the considered f(R) gravity models with the available data of the Telescope Array (TA) and Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO). We see that both models of f(R) gravity predict energy spectra of UHECRs with all experimentally observed features, which lay well within the range of combined data of both experiments throughout the energy range of concern. It is to be noted that our present work is only to investigate the possible effects of f(R) gravity theory on the UHECRs propagation, using pure proton composition as a simplified case study since protons are least affected by magnetic fields. Hence, at this stage, our results cannot be used to favor or disfavor f(R) cosmology over $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM cosmology as more work is needed in this regard.
Interactions of the pseudoscalar meson octet and the baryon decuplet in the continuum and a finite volume
Authors: Ji Teng , Dong Xiang-Kun , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the interaction of the pseudoscalar meson octet and the baryon decuplet. In the continuum, it is observed that several$$J^{P}=\frac{3}{2}^-$$JP=32-baryon resonances can be produced by the Weinberg-Tomozawa interaction in unitarized chiral perturbation theory, including theN(1875),$$\Sigma (1670)$$Σ(1670),$$\Sigma (1910)$$Σ(1910),$$\Xi (1820)$$Ξ(1820)and$$\Omega (2012)$$Ω(2012). Among them, the$$\Xi (1820)$$Ξ(1820)and$$\Sigma (1670)$$Σ(1670)may exhibit a potential two-pole structures. The unitarized chiral perturbation approach is then applied as the underlying theory to predict the energy levels of these systems in a finite volume. These energy levels are well described by theK-matrix parameterization constrained by flavor SU(3) symmetry. With the parameters from the best fits, the poles extracted from theK-matrix parameterization closely correspond to those derived from the underlying chiral effective field theory, as long as they are close to physical region and not significantly higher than the lowest relevant threshold.
Segmentation using large language models: A new typology of American neighborhoods
Authors: Singleton Alex D. , Spielman Seth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the United States, recent changes to the National Statistical System have amplified the geographic-demographic resolution trade-off. That is, when working with demographic and economic data from the American Community Survey, as one zooms in geographically one loses resolution demographically due to very large margins of error. In this paper, we present a solution to this problem in the form of an AI based open and reproducible geodemographic classification system for the United States using small area estimates from the American Community Survey (ACS). We employ a partitioning clustering algorithm to a range of socio-economic, demographic, and built environment variables. Our approach utilizes an open source software pipeline that ensures adaptability to future data updates. A key innovation is the integration of GPT4, a state-of-the-art large language model, to generate intuitive cluster descriptions and names. This represents a novel application of natural language processing in geodemographic research and showcases the potential for human-AI collaboration within the geospatial domain.
Verifiable Quantum Advantage without Structure
Authors: Yamakawa Takashi , Zhandry Mark 
Published: April 2024

We show the following hold, unconditionally unless otherwise stated, relative to a random oracle:

—

There are NP
search
problems solvable by quantum polynomial-time (QPT) machines but not classical probabilistic polynomial-time (PPT) machines.

—
There exist functions that are one-way, and even collision resistant, against classical adversaries but are easily inverted quantumly. Similar counterexamples exist for digital signatures and CPA-secure public key encryption (the latter requiring the assumption of a classically CPA-secure encryption scheme). Interestingly, the counterexample does not necessarily extend to the case of other cryptographic objects such as PRGs.

—
There are unconditional publicly verifiable proofs of quantumness with the minimal rounds of interaction: for uniform adversaries, the proofs are non-interactive, whereas for non-uniform adversaries the proofs are two message public coin.

—
Our results do not appear to contradict the Aaronson-Ambanis conjecture. Assuming this conjecture, there exist publicly verifiable certifiable randomness, again with the minimal rounds of interaction.

By replacing the random oracle with a concrete cryptographic hash function such as SHA2, we obtain plausible Minicrypt instantiations of the above results. Previous analogous results all required substantial structure, either in terms of highly structured oracles and/or algebraic assumptions in Cryptomania and beyond.
Nfe2l2/NRF2 Deletion Attenuates Tumorigenesis and Increases Bacterial Diversity in a Mouse Model of Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Haller Felix , Jimenez Kristine , Baumgartner Maximilian , Lang Michaela , Klotz Anton , Jambrich Manuela , Busslinger Georg , Müllauer Leonhard , Khare Vineeta , Gasche Christoph 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most prevalent heritable form of colorectal cancer. Its early onset and high lifetime risk for colorectal cancer emphasize the necessity for effective chemoprevention. NFE2L2 (NRF2) is often considered a potential druggable target, and many chemopreventive compounds induce NRF2. However, although NRF2 counteracts oxidative stress, it is also overexpressed in colorectal cancer and may promote tumorigenesis. In this study, we evaluated the role of NRF2 in the prevention of LS-associated neoplasia. We found increased levels of NRF2 in intestinal epithelia of mice with intestinal epithelium–specific Msh2 deletion (MSH2ΔIEC) compared with C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice, as well as an increase in downstream NRF2 targets NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone 1) and glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. Likewise, NRF2 levels were increased in human MSH2-deficient LS tumors compared with healthy human controls. In silico analysis of a publicly accessible RNA sequencing LS dataset also found an increase in downstream NRF2 targets. Upon crossing MSH2ΔIEC with Nrf2null (MSH2ΔIECNrf2null) mice, we unexpectedly found reduced tumorigenesis in MSH2ΔIECNrf2null mice compared with MSH2ΔIEC mice after 40 weeks, which occurred despite an increase in oxidative damage in MSH2ΔIECNrf2null mice. The loss of NRF2 impaired proliferation as seen by Ki67 intestinal staining and in organoid cultures. This was accompanied by diminished WNT/β-catenin signaling, but apoptosis was unaffected. Microbial α-diversity increased over time with the loss of NRF2 based upon 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of murine fecal samples. Altogether, we show that NRF2 protein levels are increased in MSH2 deficiency and associated neoplasia, but the loss of NRF2 attenuates tumorigenesis. Activation of NRF2 may not be a feasible strategy for chemoprevention in LS.
Prevention Relevance: Patients with LS have an early onset and high lifetime risk for colorectal cancer. In this study, we show that NRF2 protein levels are increased in MSH2 deficiency and associated neoplasia, but the loss of NRF2 attenuates tumorigenesis. This suggests that NRF2 may not be a tumor suppressor in this specific context.
Anthony Vidler (1941-2023)
Authors: Foster Hal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
On October 19, 2023, we lost Anthony Violer, a longtime friend of this magazine. A brilliant historian of architecture whose deep scholarship and intellectual curiosity ranged from Ledoux to his own contemporaries, Tony was also an astute reader of art and theory, and he was always alert not only to the historical conditions of a given practice but also to its conceptual implications and political ramifications. In manifold ways Tony instructed us, inspired us, committed us, and delighted us with his theatrical imagination and subversive wit.
Von … bis, from… to: The Arc of Anthony Vidler's Architecture
Authors: Papapetros Spyros 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Architectural historians often manifest a strong design impulse in their writing. This essay traces the theoretical arc traversing Anthony Vidler's individual essays and book projects as the parabolic imprint of his historiographic design. Based on unpublished manuscripts of the architectural historian's preliminary book outlines, drafts, and reading notes on authors such as Émile Zola, Sigmund Freud, and Georges Bataille, the article follows the route from Vidler's early research on utopia, Claude Nicholas Ledoux, and ideas of the French Enlightenment to his later books on “the architectural uncanny” and modern spatial psychopathologies in “warped space,” foregrounding the continuity of Vidler's “historical project” from the Enlightenment to the histories of twentieth-century architectural modernism. The article closes with an overview of Vidler's two latest book projects (currently unpublished), “Architecture After the Rain,” an autobiographically driven reevaluation of architectural modernism in Britain after World War II, and “Second Best Utopia,” a compilation of essays on “Utopics” from Plato to Fredric Jameson that argues for the abiding relevance of utopian ideas in the present.
The Impact of the Islamic Theories of Revelation on Humanist Qurʾanic Hermeneutics
Authors: Alak Alina Isac 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the present article, I illustrate the impact that the Islamic theories of revelation have on the construction of different types of Qurʾanic hermeneutics, with a special focus on what I define “humanist hermeneutics”. The article is divided in three parts. In the first part I expose the two main theoretical frameworks exploited here in order to analyze different classical and modern theories of revelation and their corresponding hermeneutics, namely Shahab Ahmed’s understanding of Revelation and my own definition of humanist hermeneutics and its main characteristics. In the second part of the article, I succinctly present some pre-modern theories of revelation, emphasizing a few examples from the large variety of philosophical Peripatetic Muslim and Ṣūfī conceptualizations that are relevant from a humanist hermeneutics perspective. Contemporary, contextualist approaches of revelation will end the article. My general focus is on the acknowledgement of the agency of the prophet Muhammad in the construction of the Qurʾanic text and its expression, and on the interaction between the formulation of the Qurʾanic text and its social context.
The Tornado Archive: Compiling and Visualizing a Worldwide, Digitized Tornado Database
Authors: Maas Malcolm , Supinie Timothy , Berrington Andrew , Emmerson Samuel , Aidala Ava , Gavan Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Given inconsistencies in reporting methods and general lack of documentation, the creation of a unified tornado database across the world has been an elusive target for severe weather climatology purposes and historical interest. Previous online tornado documentation has also often been inconsistent or is now defunct. Many individual countries or continents maintain tornado information through either government-sponsored or independent organizations. The Tornado Archive was developed to create a first-of-its-kind digitized synthesis of worldwide tornado documentation, using the most complete sources of information available for regions known to be tornadically active. Spatial and temporal trends in tornado occurrence and reporting can be visualized through an interactive user interface with a variety of filtering methods and environmental reanalysis datasets, such as the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF (ERA5). The additional data introduced using Thomas Grazulis’ Significant Tornadoes may be beneficial for tornado climatology studies over the United States. The Tornado Archive is also intended to be a collaborative exercise, with clear data attribution and open avenues for augmentation, and the creation of a common data model to store the tornado information will assist in maintaining and updating the database. In this work, we document the methods necessary for creating the Tornado Archive database, provide broader climatological analysis of spatiotemporal patterns in tornado occurrence, and outline potential use cases for the data. We also highlight its key limitations and emphasize the need for further international standardization of tornado documentation.
Predicting September Arctic Sea Ice: A Multimodel Seasonal Skill Comparison
Authors: Bushuk Mitchell , Ali Sahara , Bailey David A. , Bao Qing , Batté Lauriane , Bhatt Uma S. , Blanchard-Wrigglesworth Edward , Blockley Ed , Cawley Gavin , Chi Junhwa , Counillon François , Coulombe Philippe Goulet , Cullather Richard I. , Diebold Francis X. , Dirkson Arlan , Exarchou Eleftheria , Göbel Maximilian , Gregory William , Guemas Virginie , Hamilton Lawrence , He Bian , Horvath Sean , Ionita Monica , Kay Jennifer E. , Kim Eliot , Kimura Noriaki , Kondrashov Dmitri , Labe Zachary M. , Lee WooSung , Lee Younjoo J. , Li Cuihua , Li Xuewei , Lin Yongcheng , Liu Yanyun , Maslowski Wieslaw , Massonnet François , Meier Walter N. , Merryfield William J. , Myint Hannah , Navarro Juan C. Acosta , Petty Alek , Qiao Fangli , Schröder David , Schweiger Axel , Shu Qi , Sigmond Michael , Steele Michael , Stroeve Julienne , Sun Nico , Tietsche Steffen , Tsamados Michel , Wang Keguang , Wang Jianwu , Wang Wanqiu , Wang Yiguo , Wang Yun , Williams James , Yang Qinghua , Yuan Xiaojun , Zhang Jinlun , Zhang Yongfei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study quantifies the state of the art in the rapidly growing field of seasonal Arctic sea ice prediction. A novel multimodel dataset of retrospective seasonal predictions of September Arctic sea ice is created and analyzed, consisting of community contributions from 17 statistical models and 17 dynamical models. Prediction skill is compared over the period 2001–20 for predictions of pan-Arctic sea ice extent (SIE), regional SIE, and local sea ice concentration (SIC) initialized on 1 June, 1 July, 1 August, and 1 September. This diverse set of statistical and dynamical models can individually predict linearly detrended pan-Arctic SIE anomalies with skill, and a multimodel median prediction has correlation coefficients of 0.79, 0.86, 0.92, and 0.99 at these respective initialization times. Regional SIE predictions have similar skill to pan-Arctic predictions in the Alaskan and Siberian regions, whereas regional skill is lower in the Canadian, Atlantic, and central Arctic sectors. The skill of dynamical and statistical models is generally comparable for pan-Arctic SIE, whereas dynamical models outperform their statistical counterparts for regional and local predictions. The prediction systems are found to provide the most value added relative to basic reference forecasts in the extreme SIE years of 1996, 2007, and 2012. SIE prediction errors do not show clear trends over time, suggesting that there has been minimal change in inherent sea ice predictability over the satellite era. Overall, this study demonstrates that there are bright prospects for skillful operational predictions of September sea ice at least 3 months in advance.