bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photopolymerization and properties of fluorene‐based dimethacrylate monomer used as a root canal sealer
Authors: He Jingwei , Luo Yuanfang , Liu Fang , Lin Zhengmei , Ling Junqi , Jia Demin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe methacrylate resin‐based sealers have attracted wide attention with easy handling, superior aesthetic qualities, good mechanical properties, and excellent adhesive ability with dentin. 2,2‐bis[4‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methacryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]‐propane (Bis‐GMA) is the main component of a new developing commercial root canal sealer “Epiphany,” which is one of the methacrylate resin‐based sealers. To further reduce polymerization volume shrinkage of bis‐GMA, 9,9′‐bis[4‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methacryloyloxypropoxy)‐phenyl]fluorene (HMPF) with higher molecular weight and larger molecular volume was selected to replace bis‐GMA as one of the components of the root canal sealer in this study. Photopolymerization behavior of a mixture of HMPF and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Degree of conversion, volume shrinkage, and water sorption of various HMPF/TEGDMA formulations were measured and compared with a 50:50 bis‐GMA/TEGDMA formulation. The results illustrated that, with increasing content of HMPF in HMPF/TEGDMA system, the double bond conversion of the cured resin increased and volume shrinkage decreased. Its water sorption increased with increasing content of HMPF when the content was less than 50% and decreased with an increase in HMPF when the content was more than 50%. Compared with bis‐GMA/TEGDMA system, HMPF/TEGDMA had lower double bond conversion, lower polymerization shrinkage, and higher water sorption. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 27:108–116, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20125
Thermoplastic matrix towpreg production
Authors: Silva J. F. , Nunes J. P. , Velosa J. C. , Bernardo C. A. , Marques A. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis work was carried out to establish the processing window for the cost‐efficient production of thermoplastic matrix towpregs with a recently developed powder‐coating equipment. Three different fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic matrix systems were studied: one for highly demanding markets (carbon fiber/Primospire™) and other two for commercial applications (glass/polypropylene and glass/polyvinyl chloride). The mechanical properties determined on compression‐molded composite components obtained from the produced towpregs were also evaluated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:80–85, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20174
Ultrasonic welding of advanced thermoplastic composites: An investigation on energy‐directing surfaces
Authors: Villegas Irene Fernandez , Bersee Harald E. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUltrasonic welding is considered as one of the most promising welding techniques for continuous fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites. Intermolecular friction within the bulk, resulting from the application of ultrasonic waves applied on the surfaces, generates the heat required for welding to take place at the interface of the joining members via the so‐called “energy directors” (EDs). Energy directors consist of resin protrusions or artificially produced asperities on the composite surfaces and play an important role both in the welding process and in the quality of the resulting welds. This paper presents the results of a study on the effects of configuration of different EDs on the ultrasonic welding of carbon fiber/polyetherimide advanced thermoplastic composites in a near‐field setup. Triangular EDs were molded on the surface of consolidated composite laminates with a hot platen press. Single lap‐shear‐welded samples were produced to investigate the influence of the orientation of the EDs with respect to the load direction, as well as the configuration of multiple EDs. The results indicate that the configuration of multiple transverse EDs was more effective in covering the overlap area, once the resin has melted, causing only a minimum fiber disruption at the welding interface. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:112–121, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20178
Polyamide–imide membranes with surface immobilized cyclodextrin for butanol isomer separation via pervaporation
Authors: Wang Yan , Chung Tai Shung , Wang Huan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel cyclodextrin (CD) derivative, m‐xylenediamine‐β‐cyclodextrin (m‐XDA‐β‐CD), has been synthesized and used to graft β‐CD on membrane surface for the pervaporation separation of butanol isomers. The reaction mechanisms for the m‐XDA‐β‐CD synthesis and the membrane surface grafting are confirmed by FTIR and TGA. The as‐fabricated novel CD‐grafted polyamide‐imide (PAI) membranes show homogeneous morphology and significant improved separation performance as compared to the unmodified PAI membranes and PAI/CD mixed matrix membranes made of physical blends. The effects of chemical modification time and dope concentration on the asymmetric membrane have been studied. The optimal separation performance can be found with the CD‐grafted PAI membrane cast from a 22 wt % dope concentration, which exhibits a total butanol flux of 15 g/m2/h and a separation factor of 2.03. This newly developed membrane with surface‐immobilized CD may open new perspective for the development of next‐generation high‐performance pervaporation membranes for liquid separations. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Modeling infinite dilution and Fickian diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in water
Authors: Mutoru J. Wambui , Leahy‐Dios Alana , Firoozabadi Abbas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe propose a new model for calculating infinite dilution diffusion coefficients for carbon dioxide and water mixtures. The model takes into account temperature dependence of the dipole moment of water and polarizability of CO2, and fits experimental CO2H2O data at low and high pressures with an accuracy of 4.9%. Remarkably, the proposed model also accurately predicts infinite dilution diffusion coefficients for other binary water mixtures where solute polarizability is close to that of CO2, such as CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and H2S. Moreover, we present—to the best of our knowledge—the first predictions of composition‐based Fickian diffusion coefficients for CO2H2O mixtures over the temperature range 298.15–413.15 K, and pressures up to 50 MPa. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Monodisperse droplet formation through a continuous jet break‐up using glass nozzles operated with piezoelectric pulsation
Authors: Wu Winston Duo , Lin Sean Xuqi , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, a glass nozzle driven by piezoceramics is used to experimentally study the continuous generation of a stream of monodisperse droplets from the breakup of a liquid jet. The approach is demonstrated by examining the breakup dynamics of three distinct liquids. The droplet formation process has been found to be highly controllable and reproducible. The dependence of nozzle performance on liquid properties, flow rate, and disturbance frequency has been investigated. The ratio between the actual disturbance frequency and Reynolds number, ω, is employed at first to represent the operating range that facilitates monodisperse droplet formation. Then, the dimensionless quantity ω*, obtained by multiplying ω by the viscous characteristic time, r/(μ/ρ), has been shown to collapse the data for the lower and higher bounds of the actual disturbance frequency ranges that secure monodispersity of the droplets of all the samples tested. The impacts of liquid flow rate and disturbance frequency on the monodisperse droplet size and spacing between two neighboring droplets have been investigated and discussed. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Continuous production of miniemulsions using in‐line SMX elements
Authors: El‐Jaby Ula , Cunningham Michael , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe preparation and stabilization of miniemulsion systems using SMX static mixers (in line with a pump and reservoir tank) and in situ generated surfactants is presented. Neutralization of a water‐soluble base with an oil‐soluble long chain acid, generating a in situ surfactant at the interface, results in rapid stabilization and emulsification compared to preformed surfactant that must diffuse to, then adsorb on the droplets. As the flow rates (50–75 g/s) and number of mixing elements (7–21 SMX mixers) in series increase, the emulsification time reduces by ∼30‐folds (14 vs. 0.5 min). The reduction in the emulsification time required to produce a stable emulsion at 75 g/s and 21 mixing elements more than compensated for the higher pressure in the emulsification loop, consuming five times less energy than what would be consumed when working at 50 g/s and 7 SMX elements. Subsequently, with the rapid emulsification step, it was possible to test the feasibility of a continuous process for direct emulsification followed by polymerization. Comparing this process with a batch process, similar results for the number of particles/number of droplets ratio and conversion were obtained, but the continuous process was accomplished in a single step. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Developing an effective community conservation program for cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) in Colombia
Authors: Savage A. , Guillen R. , Lamilla I. , Soto L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDeveloping effective conservation programs that positively impact the survival of a species while considering the needs of local communities is challenging. Here we present an overview of the conservation program developed by Proyecto Tití to integrate local communities in the conservation of Colombia's critically endangered primate, the cotton‐top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). Our comprehensive assessment of the threats effecting the long‐term survival of the cotton‐top tamarin allowed us to establish the primary components of our program. Proyecto Tití has three areas of emphasis: (1) scientific studies detailing the biology and long‐term survival of the cotton‐top tamarin, (2) conservation education programs to increase public awareness and conservation knowledge, and (3) community empowerment programs that demonstrate a valuable economic incentive to protecting wildlife and forested areas in Colombia. This integrated approach to conservation that involves local communities in activities that benefit individuals, as well as wildlife, has proven to be remarkably effective in protecting cotton‐top tamarins and their forested habitat. Our bindes program, which uses small cook stoves made from clay, has demonstrated a marked reduction in the number of trees that have been harvested for firewood. Developing environmental entrepreneurs, who create products made from recycled plastic for sale in national and international markets, has had a significant impact in reducing the amount of plastic that has been littering the environment and threatening the health of wildlife, while creating a stable economic income for rural communities. Proyecto Tití has provided economic alternatives to local communities that have dramatically reduced the illegal capture of cotton‐top tamarins and forest destruction in the region that has positively impacted the long‐term survival of this critically endangered primate. Am. J. Primatol. 72:379–390, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wechselwirkungen zwischen amyloidogenen Proteinen und Membranen: Modellsysteme liefern mechanistische Einblicke
Authors: Butterfield Sara M. , Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Toxizität amyloidbildender Proteine ist mit ihrer Wechselwirkung mit Membranen korreliert. Bemerkenswerterweise führen Bindungsereignisse zwischen amyloidogenen Proteinen und Membranen beiderseits zu Strukturstörungen, die mit Toxizität assoziiert sind. Membranoberflächen vermitteln die Umwandlung amyloidbildender Proteine in toxische Aggregate, amyloidbildende Proteine wiederum beeinträchtigen die strukturelle Integrität der Zellmembran. Neuere Untersuchungen an künstlichen Modellmembranen haben eine bemerkenswerte Ähnlichkeit im Mechanismus der Membranpermeabilisierung von amyloidbildenden Proteinen, porenbildenden Toxinen und antimikrobiellen Peptiden aufgezeigt.
Li‐doped nanosized TiO2 powder with enhanced photocalatylic acivity under sunlight irradiation
Authors: Bouattour Soraa , Kallel Wannes , Botelho do Rego Ana Maria , Vieira Ferreira L.F. , Machado I. Ferreira , Boufi Sami 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis work reports on the synthesis of Li‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles using the sol–gel process and solid‐state sintering, and investigates their potential use as a photocatalyst for degradation under sunlight excitation of different organic model compounds in aqueous solution. The structure of the nanocrystals was examined by X‐ray diffraction, UV‐vis ground state diffuse reflectance absorption spectra and X‐ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy. Results showed that samples prepared by sol–gel process and calcined at 400 °C are composed of a mixture of anatase and rutile phases, in contrast to the one prepared by solid‐state sintering, which exhibits an anatase phase with Li being involved in a spinel phase. The photocatalytic degradation of aqueous solutions of different aromatic compounds was successfully achieved under sunlight excitation in presence of Li‐doped TiO2 prepared via sol–gel process. It was shown that the calcination temperature and the preparation mode greatly affect the photocatalytic efficiency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of atractylone liposomes by rapid expansion from supercritical to surfactant solution
Authors: Wen Zhen , You Xinkui , Liu Bo , Zheng Zongkun , Pu Yitao , Jiang Lingzhi , Li Qiong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAtractylone is a sesquiterpene oxide‐derivative in volatile oil extracted from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., a famous Chinese traditional medicine (suppressing tumour growth). However, the low solubility and poor stability of atractylone lead to poor pharmacokinetic performance in the body. As a biocompatible carrier system, liposomes protect encapsulated atractylone molecules from degradation and improve the solubility of atractylone. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of incorporation of atractylone into liposomes by the process of rapid expansion from supercritical to surfactant solution (RESSS). In this process, the solution of liposomal materials and atractylone solvated in the mixture of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2)/ethanol was sprayed into a surfactant solution. The surfactant stabilized the liposomes by preventing bubbles overflowing and liposomes agglomeration during the spraying process. The encapsulating performance and particle size distribution of liposomes could be controlled by changing the pre‐expansion and expansion conditions. When the solution pre‐expanded in 15% (mole percent, mol/mol) SC‐CO2/ethanol at 30 MPa and 65 °C was sprayed into 5.0% (w/w) Poloxamer l88 solution at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the entrapment efficiency and average particle size of liposomes were 87.25% and 124 nm, respectively, which achieved the standards of Chinese pharmacopoeia. Compared with the liposomes prepared by thin film dispersion, the liposomes formed by the RESSS process had smaller particle sizes with a uniform and narrow distribution. The results show that the RESSS process provides an innovative method for improvement of encapsulation efficiency and minimization of liposomes particle agglomeration. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of air dispersion modelling for exposure assessment from particulate matter pollution in mega city Delhi
Authors: Mohan Manju , Bhati Shweta , Rao Archana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe severe health hazards of respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM or PM10) are well known, and control of RSPM is an integral part of any effective air quality management plan. The proposed study addresses the implementation of an air quality model for exposure assessment subsequent to its validation for the particulate matter in a megacity in India, namely Delhi, where RSPM concentrations most often exceed the ambient air quality standards. The model validation has been accomplished here for the total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) for which an extensive source inventory is available along with the requisite air quality data. A regulatory air dispersion model of US Environmental Protection Agency, AERMOD (Aermic Dispersion Model version 07026), which is a steady‐state Gaussian Plume Model with improved atmospheric boundary layer physics, has been utilized for this purpose. Model validation shows a satisfactory model performance based on various statistical indicators. Subsequently, RSPM values are obtained from TSPM estimates and applied for exposure assessment for predefined emission control scenarios. The results from the model have been used to analyse mortality change associated with two hypothetical scenarios, namely, (1) reduction of vehicular traffic emissions by a fixed amount due to introduction of metro rail and compressed natural gas based buses in the city and (2) shift to a cleaner fuel in all the thermal power plants. The results from the exposure assessment study showed the importance of control of vehicular emission in improving the air quality and accrued health benefits. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of heat and chemical reactions on peristaltic flow of Newtonian fluid in a diverging tube with inclined MHD
Authors: Nadeem S. , Akbar Noreen Sher 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe problem of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in connection with peristaltic transport has attracted significant attention due to its wide range of engineering applications. In this paper, we have investigated the peristaltic flow of an incompressible MHD Newtonian fluid in an inclined non‐uniform tube in the presence of an inclined magnetic field and heat and mass transfer effects. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with the velocity of the wave. The governing equations of a two‐dimensional fluid have been simplified under long wave length and low Reynolds number approximations. Exact solutions have been obtained for the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The expression for pressure gradient is calculated using numerical integration. The graphical results are presented in order to interpret the various physical parameter of interest for five different wave forms. Trapping phenomena have been also discussed. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of bivalve shell particles of hyriopsis cumingii on the performances of epoxy resin studied by positron annihilation
Authors: Sun Xudong , Zeng Minfeng , Wang Yun , Ji Genzhong , Yao Xiandong , Shen Yongmiao , Chen Ning , Yan Fengyuan , Wang Baoyi , Qi3 Chenze 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMussel shell particles sized in micrometer level have been prepared with a ball mill. The X‐ray powder diffractrometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results proved that the shell particles contained mainly CaCO3 in the form of aragonite, together with small amount of organic phase. EP modified with shell particles showed a much rougher fracture surface than unfilled EP. The mechanical properties have been improved obviously by adding the shell particles in EP from 1% to 5%. The particle would occupy a number of free volume holes of the EP matrix. This would lead to a decrease in the total free volume concentration of the composites. The particles acted as a bridge to make more molecules interconnected for the good interfacial adhesion, resulting in a reduction of the free volume hole size in the interfacial layers. I2 reached its highest value when 3% shell particles were added and then decreased as the shellparticles content increased. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Structure and mechanical properties of soy protein materials plasticized by Thiodiglycol
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Wang Linxiang , Zhang Lina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThiodiglycol (TDG) is a relatively nontoxic compound from organic wastes. By using TDG as a plasticizer with weights from 2.5 to 40%, we prepared soy protein isolate (SPI) films by a compression‐molding technique at 140°C and 15 MPa. The TDG‐plasticized films (SPI–TDG films) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, optical transmittance, and water uptake experiments. The SPI–TDG film plasticized with 25% TDG exhibited good mechanical properties, such as a tensile strength and modulus of 20.3 and 582 MPa, respectively, whereas the SPI–glycerol film with 25% glycerol had a tensile strength and modulus of 16.2 and 436 MPa, respectively. The results from the thermogravimetric analysis and water uptake experiments indicated that the thermal stability and water resistance of the TDG‐plasticized SPI materials were higher than that of the glycerol‐plasticized one. The improvements in the mechanical properties, water resistance, and thermal stability of the SPI–TDG films could be attributed to the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding between soy protein and TDG and the presence of fewer hydroxyl groups in TDG, as compared structurally with glycerol. This study provided a new plasticizer for the preparation of soy protein materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and rheological behavior of hydrophobically modified block copolymers
Authors: Rodrigues Jorge de A. , Nascimento Regina Sandra V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHydrophobically modified polymers were synthesized via esterification reactions between a commercial triblock copolymer composed of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) segments (EO20PO70EO20) and lauric and oleic acids. Rheological studies of aqueous systems containing the original copolymer and the synthesized products were performed to evaluate the effects of chemical modification, the presence of salt, and temperature on the rheology of the systems due to changes in the micellar structures. It was verified that the systems containing the synthesized products presented shear‐thinning behavior even in the absence of salt. In addition, increasing the temperature and salt concentration enhanced the hydrophobic character of the poly(propylene oxide) segment and reduced the hydration of the poly(ethylene oxide) segment; this favored the adequate packing needed to form long, wormlike micelles and resulted in pronounced shear thinning. The formation of a complex micelle structure probably occurred in the systems above the critical micellar temperature of the original copolymer because under this condition the molecules presented three alternate hydrophobic segments that had to dive into the micelle structure. The formation of long, wormlike micelles was also evidenced by the Maxwellian behavior observed in rheological oscillatory measurements. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010