bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine Fish Cages—The Physical Environment
Authors: Edwards A. , Edelsten D. J. 
Published: December 2011

SYNOPSISThe distributions of the four variables—temperature, salinity, currents and dissolved oxygen—are discussed with particular reference to the Scottish west coast. In fjords, the distributions are related to the sources of change—tides, freshwater runoff, winds and, in the case of currents, to friction, which makes currents very variable over small areas. Current speed in floating cages has been found less than that outside. A model of the oxygen concentration in such a cage has been used to examine the conditions of current and fish stocking density under which the cage can be operated without reaching dangerously low oxygen concentrations.
‘The Sacred Conspiracy’: Religion, Nationalism, and the Crisis of Internationalism
Authors: BERMAN NATHANIEL 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe goal of this article is to initiate an interdisciplinary and historical reflection on one of the central preoccupations of our time: the relationship of religion to international order. This current project grows out of my long-standing work on the genealogy of modern internationalism. In my past work, I have argued that internationalists constructed their own disciplines in tandem with their construction of nationalism, to such an extent that modern ‘internationalism’ and modern ‘nationalism’ must be understood in relation to each other; in the present essay, I contend that ‘internationalism’ and ‘religion’ have an equally mutually constitutive relationship. This article seeks to retell the story of international law over the past century through the lens of its relationship to religion – a lens that both overlaps with and differs from that of nationalism. Its historical narrative is rooted in the early twentieth century – a period to which so many of our ‘modern’ cultural conceptions may be traced. Its methodology is broadly interdisciplinary, setting changing international legal conceptions of religion in relation to contemporaneous developments in domains such as sociology, religious studies, and historiography. This is the first piece of a series of projected studies on the construction and contestation of ‘religion’, ‘the secular’, and ‘the international’ over the past century. It is also my first publication associated with the interdisciplinary Religion and Internationalism Project, which I co-direct at Brown University.
Parliamentary Report
Authors: Cranmer Frank 
Published: December 2011

The period under review began with a speech by Communities Secretary Eric Pickles to the Cinnamon Network, a faith-based charities group, in which he emphasised the Government's continued financial support and commitment to faith groups, while acknowledging with more than a touch of frustration that they can face barriers in terms of securing funding from local authorities:
In the eyes of some, being religious is seen as being ‘weird’. They don't want public discussion about faith and don't want faith to have a role in our communities. Everyone – whether religious or secular – loses out from that kind of attitude.
The Arabic Inscriptions of Dayr Dubbān
Authors: Sharon Moshe 
Published: December 2011

Dayr Dubbān was a small village, now in ruins, near the modern village of Luzit, situated to the north of the main road about half way from Jerusalem to Ascalon.On May 21 1863, Victor Guérin the famous French explorer of the Holy Land visited a small village (“seven or eight poor peasant families living in half dilapidated huts”) called Dayr Dubbān (a Monastery of the Flies). On the rugged plateau on which this little village was built, Guérin found many round openings in the rocks which looked like openings of wells. In spite of the fact that the local inhabitants called them al-biyār, these were not wells but round apertures giving access to, and lighting huge underground cavities dug into the white limestone.
Rotating wall vessel exposure alters protein secretion and global gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rosado Helena , O'Neill Alex J. , Blake Katy L. , Walther Meik , Long Paul F. , Hinds Jason , Taylor Peter W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is routinely recovered from air and surface samples taken aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and poses a health threat to crew. As bacteria respond to the low shear forces engendered by continuous rotation conditions in a Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) and the reduced gravitational field of near-Earth flight by altering gene expression, we examined the effect of low-shear RWV growth on protein secretion and gene expression by three S. aureus isolates. When cultured under 1 g, the total amount of protein secreted by these strains varied up to fourfold; under continuous rotation conditions, protein secretion by all three strains was significantly reduced. Concentrations of individual proteins were differentially reduced and no evidence was found for increased lysis. These data suggest that growth under continuous rotation conditions reduces synthesis or secretion of proteins. A limited number of changes in gene expression under continuous rotation conditions were noted: in all isolates vraX, a gene encoding a polypeptide associated with cell wall stress, was down-regulated. A vraX deletion mutant of S. aureus SH1000 was constructed: no differences were found between SH1000 and ΔvraX with respect to colony phenotype, viability, protein export, antibiotic susceptibility, vancomycin kill kinetics, susceptibility to cold or heat and gene modulation. An ab initio protein–ligand docking simulation suggests a major binding site for β-lactam drugs such as imipenem. If such changes to the bacterial phenotype occur during spaceflight, they will compromise the capacity of staphylococci to cause systemic infection and to circumvent antibacterial chemotherapy.
The Environments of Luminous IR Galaxies
Authors: Tekola Abiy G. , Väisänen Petri , Berlind Andreas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe have studied the star formation vs. environment connection of local LIRGs by characterising their environment using number densities of galaxies as well as halo masses. It is found that LIRGs preferentially live in group environments and that they also exhibit a relation where their star formation rate increases with their environmental density.
Super Star Cluster Luminosity Functions in Interacting Luminous Infrared Galaxies
Authors: Randriamanakoto Zara , Väisänen Petri 
Published: December 2011

AbstractYoung and massive super star clusters (SSCs) are found whenever very active star formation is going on, such as that in interacting Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs). From a deep NIR adaptive optics imaging survey, we present thus far the first K-band SSC luminosity functions (LFs) in these types of galaxies, and also a relation between the brightest SSC and the global SFR of the galaxy. Based on the derived LFs, one can constrain the cluster initial mass function (CIMF) and study the formation and evolution of SSCs. Our preliminary results are in disagreement with theoretical expectations which suggest that the SSC LF should be well fitted by a single power-law with an index of −2. We find power-law indexes of ~−1.5, shallower than the expected ones. Taken at face value, our results appear to support the concept that the CIMF is mass-dependent, not universal, which will be studied in more detail by mass-modelling of the SSCs. The data-set will also allow us to estimate the fraction of total star formation originating in the SSCs over a range of galaxy types.
Large High Redshift Spectroscopic Surveys
Authors: Le Fèvre Olivier 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDeep spectroscopic redshift surveys have become an important tool for observational cosmology, supported by a new generation of wide field multi-object spectrographs. They bring high redshift accuracy and a wealth of spectral features necessary for precision astrophysics and have led to the outstanding progress in our understanding of the different phases of galaxy evolution. The measurement of the evolution of volume quantities like the luminosity and mass functions or the correlation function, has enabled a deep insight into galaxy evolution since redshifts z ≃ 7. The redshift distribution N(z,m) is a basic property but is still difficult to be reproduced by models. We have now a global perspective on the history of star formation with a peak at z = 1−2 but the decline in SFRD at higher redshifts is still to be confirmed. The evolution of the stellar mass density with a fast growth in red passive galaxies between z = 2 and z = 1 is well established. The contribution to galaxy mass assembly of key physical processes like merging or cold accretion is now well documented. However, the pioneer measurements at the high redshift end z > > 1 remain to be consolidated with robust sample selection and statistical accuracy from large spectroscopic redshift surveys, a challenge for the years to come.
Probing the Mass Assembly and Chemical Evolution of high-z Galaxies with MASSIV
Authors: Contini T. , Epinat B. , Queyrel J. , Vergani D. , Tasca L. , Amram P. , Garilli B. , Kissler-Patig M. , Le Fèvre O. , Moultaka J. , Paioro L. , Tresse L. , Bournaud F. , Perez-Montero E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUnderstanding the different mechanisms of galaxy assembly at various cosmic epochs is a key issue for galaxy evolution and formation models. We present MASSIV (Mass Assembly Survey with SINFONI in VVDS) in this context, an on-going survey with VLT/SINFONI aiming to probe the kinematics and chemical abundances of a unique sample of 84 star-forming galaxies selected in the redshift range z ~ 1−2. This large sample, spanning a wide range of stellar masses, is unique at these high redshifts and statistically representative of the overall galaxy population. In this paper, we give an overview of the MASSIV survey and then focus on the spatially-resolved chemical properties of high-z galaxies and their implication on the process of galaxy assembly.
Modelling Stellar Populations at High Redshift
Authors: Maraston Claudia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractStellar populations carry information about the formation of galaxies and their evolution up to the present epoch. A wealth of observational data are available nowadays, which are analysed with stellar population models in order to obtain key properties such as ages, star formation histories, stellar masses. Differences in the models and/or in the assumptions regarding the star formation history affect the derived properties as much as differences in the data. I shall review the interpretation of high-redshift galaxy data from a model perspective. While data quality dominates galaxy analysis at the highest possible redshifts (z > 5), population modelling effects play the major part at lower redshifts. In particular, I discuss the cases of both star-forming galaxies at the peak of the cosmic star formation history as well as passive galaxies at redshift below 1 that are often used as cosmological probes. Remarks on the bridge between low and high-z massive galaxies conclude the contribution.
The Chemical Enrichment Histories of SDSS Galaxies
Authors: Johansson Jonas , Thomas Daniel , Maraston Claudia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe derive the full chemical enrichment histories for 3800 early-type galaxies, including both star forming and passively evolving systems. For this purpose we have developed a method to simultaneously derive the element abundance ratios [C/Fe], [N/Fe], [Mg/Fe], [Ca/Fe] and [Ti/Fe] for unresolved stellar populations. The method is based on up-to-date stellar population models with varying element abundance ratios. A novelty of the models is that they are flux-calibrated, removing the dependence on the Lick/IDS system. Trends with velocity dispersion are investigated where [Mg/Fe] and [C/Fe] are found to show very similar trends, while [N/Fe] show overall lower abundances ratios. [Ca/Fe] ratios are close to solar values over the velocity dispersion range covered. Tentative, due to large scatter, result for [Ti/Fe] implies that Ti follow the trends of Ca.
Fixing the Stellar M/L Ratio by Chemospectrophotometric Evolution Models
Authors: de Denus-Baillargeon Marie-Maude , Boissier Samuel , Carignan Claude , Hernandez Olivier , Amram Philippe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe exact contribution of the stellar disk to the overall kinematics of a galaxy remains in most studies a free parameter of the mass models. With the help of chemospectrophotometric evolution models, it is now possible to have a coherent picture of the stellar population of a galaxy including its mass-to-luminosity ratio at every radius spanning a wide range of observable wavelengths. We will focus on discussing the consistency of the mass thus inferred in photometric bands ranging from the FUV to the NIR for individual galaxies and compare this to the maximum-disc hypothesis.
A Method to Resolve the Nuclear Activity in Galaxies, as Applied to NGC 1358
Authors: Lindblad Per-Olof , Fathi Kambiz 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNuclear regions of galaxies generally host a mixture of components with different exitation, composition, and kinematics. Derivation of emission line ratios and kinematics could then be misleading, if due correction is not made for the limited spatial and spectral resolutions of the observations. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, with application to a long slit spectrum of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1358, how line intensities and velocities, together with modelling and knowledge of the point spread function, may be used to resolve the differing structures. In the situation outlined, the observed kinematics differs for different spectral lines. From the observed intensity and velocity distributions of a number of spectral lines and with some reasonable assumptions to diminish the number of free parameters, the true line ratios and velocity structures may be deduced. A preliminary solution for the nuclear structure of NGC 1358 is obtained, involving a nuclear point source and an emerging outflow of high excitation with a post shock cloud, as well as a nuclear emission line disk rotating in the potential of a stellar bulge and expressing a radial exitation gradient. The method results in a likely scenario for the nuclear structure of NGC 1358. For definitive results an extrapolation of the method to two dimensions combined with the use of integral field spectroscopy will generally be necessary.
Astrophysics in Burkina Faso
Authors: Carignan Claude , Turbide Luc , Koulidiati Jean 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOn the African continent, most of the activities in Astronomy are found in South Africa where full training in Astrophysics is given in a few Universities and where most of the professional astronomers and of the research instruments (from small telescopes to the 11m SALT, in the optical) can be found. In 2007, we started a full program (undergraduate and graduate) in Astrophysics at the Université de Ouagadougou and an Observatory (ODAUO), for teaching purposes, was also built. In October 2009, we put in crates the 1m Marly telescope in La Silla, Chile which will be rebuilt in 2011-12, as a full research telescope, on mount Djaogari in Burkina Faso.
A pseudopotential-based composite method: The relativistic pseudopotential correlation consistent composite approach for molecules containing 4d transition metals (Y–Cd)
Authors: Laury Marie L. , DeYonker Nathan J. , Jiang Wanyi , Wilson Angela K. 
Published: December 2011

The correlation consistent composite approach (ccCA) has proven to be an effective first-principles-based composite approach for main group and first-row transition metal species. By combining relativistic pseudopotentials and ccCA, accurate energetic and thermodynamic data for heavier elements, including transition metals, is obtainable. Relativistic pseudopotential ccCA (rp-ccCA) was formulated and tested on 25 molecules from the G3/05 set that contain 4p elements (Ga-Kr). A 32.5% time savings was obtained using rp-ccCA, relative to ccCA employing all-electron basis sets. When implementing rp-ccCA to compute dissociation energies and enthalpies of formation for molecules from the 4p block, rp-ccCA results in a mean absolute deviation of 0.89 kcal mol−1 from experimental data. rp-ccCA was also applied to a set of 30 4d transition metal-containing molecules, ranging from diatomics to Mo(CO)6, and enthalpies of formation for these species were obtained with a mean absolute deviation of 2.89 kcal mol−1 in comparison to experimental data. Based on quality of the experimentally available enthalpies of formation, where the average value of reported experimental error bars is 3.43 kcal mol−1, rp-ccCA is within transition metal chemical accuracy for the 4d molecule set. rp-ccCA is a pseudopotential-based composite method for transition metals and is shown to yield accurate thermodynamic results for molecules containing heavy elements Ga–Kr and Y–Cd.
Vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants from quartic force fields for cis-HOCO: The radical and the anion
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C. , Huang Xinchuan , Francisco Joseph S. , Crawford T. Daniel , Lee Timothy J. 
Published: December 2011

The use of accurate quartic force fields together with vibrational configuration interaction recently predicted gas phase fundamental vibrational frequencies of the trans-HOCO radical to within 4 cm−1 of experimental results for the two highest frequency modes. Utilizing the same approach, we are providing a full list of fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants for the cis-HOCO system in both radical and anionic forms. Our predicted geometrical parameters of the cis-HOCO radical match experiment and previous computation to better than 1% deviation, and previous theoretical work agrees equally well for the anion. Correspondence between vibrational perturbation theory and variational vibrational configuration interaction for prediction of the frequencies of each mode is strong, better than 5 cm−1, except for the torsional motion, similar to what has been previously identified in the trans-HOCO radical. Among other considerations, our results are immediately applicable to dissociative photodetachment experiments which initially draw on the cis-HOCO anion since it is the most stable conformer of the anion and is used to gain insight into the portion of the OH + CO potential surface where the HOCO radical is believed to form, and we are also providing highly accurate electron binding energies relevant to these experiments.
The Swimming and Jumping Ability of Three Small Great Plains Fishes: Implications for Fishway Design
Authors: Ficke A. D. , Myrick C. A. , Jud N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThere is a distinct need for fishway designs that are passable by small‐bodied fishes. Like many lotic systems worldwide, the streams of the North American Great Plains are frequently fragmented by instream structures and other potential migration barriers. This makes small‐bodied fishes of the North American Great Plains appropriate species to use for fishway development. The swimming and jumping abilities of brassy minnow Hybognathus hankinsoni, Arkansas darters Etheostoma cragini, and common shiners Luxilus cornutus, acclimated to water temperatures of 10, 17.5, and 25°C, were quantified in the laboratory. Endurance increased with temperature for brassy minnow but not for the other two species. Based on swimming trial results, current velocities in fishways should not exceed 64 cm/s for brassy minnow or common shiners and 32 cm/s for Arkansas darters. Jumping experiments showed that the presence of a low vertical barrier (5 cm high) dramatically reduced the probability of upstream movement of all three species. Brassy minnow jumped a maximum of 15 cm at 25°C, and common shiners jumped a maximum of 10 cm at 17.5°C. Neither species jumped at 10°C. Arkansas darters did not jump at any temperature. Behavioral observations also indicated that a submerged weir may inhibit the upstream movement of Arkansas darters. Based on the results of this laboratory study, water velocities of less than 0.75 m/s and avoidance of fishways with vertical drops or weir‐type structures will increase the probability of successful passage of small‐bodied fishes.
Population physical activity behaviour change: A review for the European College of Sport Science
Authors: Biddle Stuart J.H. , Brehm Walter , Verheijden Marieke , Hopman‐Rock Marijke 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe academic study of sport and exercise science has expanded greatly into the arena of public health over the past 20 years or more and Europe has played a significant role in this. It is opportune to review evidence concerning ways to change population levels of physical activity for health. This paper summarises such evidence by using a lifespan approach with physical activity behaviour change for children and adolescents, adults and older adults. Correlates of physical activity are identified and the outcome of interventions is discussed. Intervention success has been variable often due to weak fidelity and short‐term implementation, and process evaluation is missing from many such studies. Nevertheless, evidence points to possible behaviour change across all age groups and through multiple settings, including schools, worksites and the community.
The nitrate‐nitrite‐nitric oxide pathway: Its role in human exercise physiology
Authors: Bailey Stephen J. , Vanhatalo Anni , Winyard Paul G. , Jones Andrew M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a potent signalling molecule that influences an array of physiological responses. It was traditionally assumed that NO was derived exclusively via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family of enzymes. This complex reaction requires a five electron oxidation of L‐arginine and is contingent on the presence of numerous essential substrates (including O2) and co‐factors. Recently an additional, O2‐independent, NO generating pathway has been identified, where nitrite (NO2 −) can undergo a simple one electron reduction to yield NO. NO2 − is produced endogenously from the oxidation of NO and also from the reduction of dietary nitrate (NO3 −) by facultative bacteria residing on the tongue. Recent data show that dietary NO3 − supplementation, which increases the circulating plasma [NO2 −], reduces the O2 cost of submaximal exercise in healthy humans. This finding is striking given that efficiency during moderate‐intensity exercise has been considered to be immutable. There is evidence that the muscle ATP turnover at a fixed work rate is reduced and the mitochondrial P/O ratio is increased following NO3 − supplementation, which offers important insights into the physiological bases for the reduced during exercise. NO3 − supplementation has also been shown to improve exercise performance in both healthy and patient populations. Therefore, dietary NO3 − supplementation may represent a practical and cost‐effective method to improve exercise efficiency and exercise tolerance in humans. Given that a NO3 −‐rich diet may have numerous cardiovascular and other health benefits, dietary NO3 − intake may have important implications for human lifelong health and performance.