bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimale Steuerung eines dynamischen Schmelzcarbonat-Brennstoffzellen-ModellsOptimal Control of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Model
Authors: Chudej Kurt , Pesch Hans Josef , Sternberg Kati 
Published: May 2009

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel werden Ergebnisse der optimalen Steuerung eines Schmelzcarbonat- Brennstoffzellensystems unter Lastwechseln präsentiert. Den umfangreichen Berechnungen liegt ein detailliertes, validiertes mathematisches Modell zugrunde, das die zeitliche und örtliche Dynamik der Gasströme, deren elektro-chemische Reaktionen und die in der Zelle herrschenden Temperaturen und elektrischen Spannungen beschreibt. Das mathematische Modell besteht aus einem hochdimensionalen, nichtlinearen partiell differential-algebraischen Gleichungssystem mit einer parabolischen Gleichung für die Wärmeleitung im Elektrolyten der Zelle sowie hyperbolischen Transportgleichungen für den reaktiven Gastransport. Die Potentialfelder werden in jedem Ortspunkt durch ein differential-algebraisches Gleichungssystem beschrieben. Darüber hinaus gehen in die rechten Seiten der Differentialgleichungen Integralterme ein. Der Gasstrom zwischen Anode und Kathode wird über einen katalytischen Nachbrenner und eine Mischkammer geführt, sodass die Verknüpfung von Anode zu Kathode durch ein differential- algebraisches Gleichungssystem beschrieben wird. Die Einlassbedingungen am Anodeneingang und am Lufteinlass bieten die Möglichkeit der Steuerung der Brennstoffzelle. Damit sind numerische Simulationen und extrem zeitaufwändige optimale Steuerungen, z. B. eines Lastwechsels möglich, die den Brennstoffzellenstapel optimal von einem stationären Zustand in einen anderen überführen. Die numerischen Resultate belegen die Leistungsfähigkeit moderner Methoden der Optimalen Steuerung. Hier kommt eine Methode zum Tragen, bei der alle Gleichungen erst diskretisiert, dann optimiert werden.
Effects of Hawthorn on the Progression of Heart Failure in a Rat Model of Aortic Constriction
Authors: Hwang Hyun Seok , Boluyt Marvin O. , Converso Kimber , Russell Mark W. , Bleske Barry E. 
Published: May 2009

Study Objective. To determine the effects of hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha) on left ventricular remodeling and function in pressure overload‐induced heart failure in an animal model.Design. Randomized, parallel, dose‐ranging animal study.Setting. University research facility.Animals. Seventy‐four male Sprague‐Dawley rats; 44 were included in the final analysis.Intervention. Rats underwent a sham operation or aortic constriction. Rats subjected to the sham operation were treated with vehicle (10% agar‐agar), and those subjected to aortic constriction were treated with vehicle or hawthorn (C. oxycantha special extract WS 1442) 1.3, 13, or 130 mg/kg for 5 months.Measurements and Main Results. Rats and their hearts were weighed, and echocardiographic measurements were performed at baseline and at 2, 3, 4, and 5 months after aortic constriction. Protein expression for markers of fibrosis and for atrial natriuretic factor was also measured. Aortic constriction increased the left ventricular:body weight ratio by 53% in vehicle‐treated rats; Hawthorn treatment did not significantly affect the aortic constriction‐induced increase in this ratio. Left ventricular volumes and dimensions at systole and diastole significantly increased 5 months after aortic constriction compared with baseline in rats given vehicle (> 20% increase, p<0.05) but not in those given hawthorn 130 mg/kg (< 10% increase). After aortic constriction, the velocity of circumferential shortening significantly decreased in the vehicle group but not in the medium‐ or high‐dose groups. In the aortic constriction‐vehicle group, the induced increases in messenger RNA expression for atrial natriuretic factor (∼1000%) and fibronectin (∼80%) were significantly attenuated by highdose hawthorn treatment by approximately 80% and 50%, respectively.Conclusion. Hawthorn treatment exhibited modest beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling and function during long‐term, pressure overload‐induced heart failure in rats.
Comparison of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Cockcroft‐Gault Equations for Dosing Antimicrobials
Authors: Hermsen Elizabeth D. , Maiefski Ms. Melissa , Florescu Marius C. , Qiu Fang , Rupp Mark E. 
Published: May 2009

Study Objectives. To determine the concordance between the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Cockcroft‐Gault equations for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation, the impact of using each equation on antimicrobial dosing, the difference in estimated GFR in patients with acute kidney disease (AKD) versus chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the correlation between the MDRD, Cockcroft‐Gault equation, and expert medical opinion for estimating GFR in patients with AKD.Design. Retrospective cohort study.Setting. A 689‐bed academic medical center.Patients. A total of 372 adults hospitalized with either AKD or CKD between January 1, 2007, and May 31, 2007, and who received at least one antimicrobial drug; patients with stage 1 or 2 CKD or those receiving dialysis were excluded.Measurements and Main Results. Data were collected from electronic medical records on patient characteristics, laboratory values, antimicrobial drugs requiring dosage adjustment due to renal dysfunction, and estimated GFRs provided by the laboratory (MDRD estimation). In addition, estimated GFRs were calculated using the Cockcroft‐Gault equation. For patients with AKD, a third GFR was estimated by a nephrologist. For all patients, the MDRD GFR was significantly higher than the Cockcroft‐Gault GFR (p<0.001). Level of concordance for the need for dosage adjustment based on the two equations was moderate (κ coefficient 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.5‐0.63); 99.1% of patients with discordant dose recommendations would receive a higher dose if the MDRD GFR was used. In the AKD versus CKD groups, mean MDRD GFR was significantly higher than the Cockcroft‐Gault GFR in both groups (p<0.0001), but the difference was significantly greater in the CKD group (p<0.0001). In patients with AKD, the GFR estimated by expert opinion was greater than that estimated by the Cockcroft‐Gault equation (p=0.04), but was similar to the MDRD equation (p=0.07).Conclusion. The estimated GFR obtained with the MDRD equation was consistently higher than that from the Cockcroft‐Gault equation in patients with AKD or CKD. In patients with AKD, the MDRD GFR more closely correlated with expert opinion than the Cockcroft‐Gault, suggesting that the MDRD method may be applicable to this patient population. Moderate concordance between the two equations for the need for antimicrobial dosage adjustment due to renal dysfunction was found, but the specific dosage change was different for approximately 40% of patients, with 99% receiving higher doses when the MDRD GFR is used. These dosing differences may be significant, depending on drug safety profile, type of infection, and causative pathogen.
Clinical and Histological Comparison of Extraction Socket Healing Following the Use of Autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix (PRFM) to Ridge Preservation Procedures Employing Demineralized Freeze Dried Bone Allograft Material and Membrane
Authors: Simon B.I , Zatcoff A.L , Kong J.J.W , O’Connell S.M 
Published: May 2009

Background:
The healing potential of platelet growth factors has generated interest in using Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in ridge preservation procedures. A canine study was performed to determine if extraction sites treated with platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) exhibit enhanced healing compared to sites treated with non-viable materials.

Methods:
Four dog’s extraction sockets were treated individually with PRFM, PRFM and membrane, Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft (DFDBA) and membrane, PRFM and DFDBA, and untreated control. Treatment sequencing permitted clinical and histologic evaluation of healing at 10 days, 2, 3, 6 and 12 weeks.

Results:
Healing was more rapid in the PRFM and PRFM and membrane sites. By 3 weeks those sockets had osseous fill. Sites containing DFDBA had little new bone at 6 weeks. By 12 weeks those sockets had osseous fill but DFDBA particles were still noted in coronal areas.

Conclusions:
PRFM alone may be the best graft for ridge preservation procedures. Advantages: faster healing, and elimination of disadvantages involved in using barrier membranes.
Long-term Follow-up of Craniofacial Alterations in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Twilt Marinka , Schulten Alcuin J. M. , Prahl-Andersen Birte , van Suijlekom-Smit Lisette W. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective: To investigate changes in the craniofacial skeleton in relation to the changes in condylar alterations that occur during long-term follow-up in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.Materials and Methods: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement is defined as a condylar alteration that is observed on the orthopantomogram. Lateral cephalograms were used to determine linear and angular measurements.Results: Seventy of 97 patients from the initial study cohort were included, with a mean follow-up of 68 months. The overall prevalence of condylar alterations and posterior rotation of the mandible decreased; however, the prevalence of retrognathia remained the same. Patients showed improvement in the degree of retrognathia and posterior rotation (40% ANB, 51% OP-SN, and 44% GO-GN-SN). Improvement in the degree of retrognathia was seen more often in patients with improved condylar alterations than in patients with persistent alterations and in those without alterations (50%, 33%, and 28%, respectively). The degree of posterior rotation improved almost equally in patients without TMJ involvement and in patients with improved condylar alterations (57% and 50% by OP-SN, and 67% and 38% GO-GN-SN, respectively) and did not improve in patients with stable persistent alterations.Conclusion: Both condylar and craniofacial alterations can improve in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Changes of Caspase-1 after the Application of Orthodontic Forces in the Periodontal Tissues of Rats
Authors: Yan Xiulin , Chen Jiang , Hao Yuquan , Wang Yan , Zhu Li 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective: To investigate the changes of caspase-1 in orthodontic tooth movement and to determine whether the changes are phase-specific.Materials and Methods: Eighty Wistar rats were included in this study. Sentalloy closed-coil springs were placed to induce a mesial traction force on the lower right first molar. The animals were killed after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days (n = 20 at each time point). The mandibles of 10 rats were sampled for histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemical assay, and the periodontal tissues of 10 other rats were sampled for detecting caspase-1 mRNA and protein by real-time RT-PCR and by Western blotting, respectively.Results: The inflammatory reaction was evident in paraffin sections with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The immunohistochemical assay showed that orthodontic forces significantly increased the number of caspase-1-positive cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL). Mechanical force triggered an increase of caspase-1 mRNA in periodontal tissues. The expression of caspase-1 mRNA increased from day 1, reached the peak on day 3, and then decreased. The results of Western blotting indicated that the levels of both procaspase-1 and P20 subunit significantly increased after the application of orthodontic forces, compared with those in controls (P &lt; .05).Conclusion: Caspase-1 level increases during orthodontic tooth movement and changes with different phases, which might play a significant role in orthodontic tooth movement.
Optimal Loading Conditions for Controlled Movement of Anterior Teeth in Sliding Mechanics
Authors: Tominaga Jun-ya , Tanaka Motohiro , Koga Yoshiyuki , Gonzales Carmen , Kobayashi Masaru , Yoshida Noriaki 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objective: To determine optimal loading conditions such as height of retraction force on the power arm and its position on the archwire in sliding mechanics.
Materials and Methods: A 3D finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate en masse anterior teeth retraction in sliding mechanics. The degree of labiolingual tipping of the maxillary central incisor was calculated when the retraction force was applied to different heights of a power arm set mesial or distal to the canine.
Results: When the power arm was placed mesial to the canine, at the level of 0 mm (bracket slot level), uncontrolled lingual crown tipping of the incisor was observed and the anterior segment of the archwire was deformed downward. At a power arm height of 5.5 mm, bodily movement was produced and the archwire was less deformed. When the power arm height exceeded 5.5 mm, the anterior segment of the archwire was raised upward and lingual root tipping occurred. When the power arm was placed distal to the canine, lingual crown tipping was observed up to a level of 11.2 mm.
Conclusions: Placement of the power arm of an archwire between the lateral incisor and canine enables orthodontists to maintain better control of the anterior teeth in sliding mechanics. Both the biomechanical principles associated with the tooth's center of resistance and the deformation of the archwire should be taken into consideration for predicting and planning orthodontic tooth movement.
Relationship between Occlusal Force and Mandibular Condyle Morphology
Authors: Kurusu Aya , Horiuchi Mariko , Soma Kunimichi 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objective: To clarify the relationship between occlusal force and mandibular condyle morphology using clinical data.
Materials and Methods: The subjects were 40 female patients with malocclusion. The mandibular condyle morphology was assessed by using limited cone-beam CT imaging. The maximum occlusal force was calculated by using pressure-sensitive films. Maxillofacial morphologies were analyzed by using data from lateral cephalograms.
Results: Correlation analysis showed that the occlusal force was correlated with the lateral and posterior radii of the condyles, and with the mandibular plane angle to the Frankfort horizontal plane (FH). Moreover, condylar length was significantly correlated with the occlusal plane angle to the FH, the mandibular plane angle to the FH, the ramus inclination, and the posterior facial height (S-Go). Low-occlusal-force patients tended to have smaller mandibular condyles. This size-related difference was more remarkable on the lateral and posterior side.
Conclusions: Occlusal force influences not only maxillofacial morphology but also mandibular condyle morphology.
Effect of Celecoxib on Emotional Stress and Pain-Related Behaviors Evoked by Experimental Tooth Movement in the Rat
Authors: Shibazaki Tatsunori , Yozgatian Joseph H. , Zeredo Jorge L. , Gonzales Carmen , Hotokezaka Hitoshi , Koga Yoshiyuki , Yoshida Noriaki 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the efficacy of an animal model of pain and stress and evaluate the effects of celecoxib administered when orthodontic force is applied.
Materials and Methods: A 20-g reciprocal force was applied via an orthodontic appliance to the maxillary left first and second molars of 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rat behavior was evaluated at 5, 24, and 48 hours after the appliance was set. Behavior was assessed in a test field by the number of lines crossed in the first 30 seconds and 5 minutes following force application; number of lines crossed to the center; rearing time; and facial grooming time. Experimental group 1 received intraperitoneal administration of 30 mg/kg celecoxib before every behavioral test. Experimental group 2 received 90 mg/kg before the first behavioral test, and physiologic saline was administered before the remaining behavioral tests. Control groups received saline before every behavioral test and were given passive (passive control group) and active (active control group) appliances, respectively.
Results: Parameters related to pain increased in the active controls, whereas the parameters in the experimental groups decreased to the level seen in the passive controls. Statistically significant differences in pain-related behavior between control and experimental groups were found at 5 and 24 hours after placing the appliance. Stress-related behavior was significantly less in the experimental groups compared to the active control group during experimental periods.
Conclusions: The administration of celecoxib relieves pain- and stress-related behavior evoked by orthodontic tooth movement in the rat. This model might be a useful tool for the evaluation of pain and stress.
Chronology of Islet Differentiation Revealed By Temporal Cell Labeling
Authors: Miyatsuka Takeshi , Li Zhongmei , German Michael S. 
Published: May 2009

OBJECTIVE
Neurogenin 3 plays a pivotal role in pancreatic endocrine differentiation. Whereas mouse models expressing reporters such as eGFP or LacZ under the control of the Neurog3 gene enable us to label cells in the pancreatic endocrine lineage, the long half-life of most reporter proteins makes it difficult to distinguish cells actively expressing neurogenin 3 from differentiated cells that have stopped transcribing the gene.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In order to separate the transient neurogenin 3 –expressing endocrine progenitor cells from the differentiating endocrine cells, we developed a mouse model (Ngn3-Timer) in which DsRed-E5, a fluorescent protein that shifts its emission spectrum from green to red over time, was expressed transgenically from the NEUROG3 locus.

RESULTS
In the Ngn3-Timer embryos, green-dominant cells could be readily detected by microscopy or flow cytometry and distinguished from green/red double-positive cells. When fluorescent cells were sorted into three different populations by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, placed in culture, and then reanalyzed by flow cytometry, green-dominant cells converted to green/red double-positive cells within 6 h. The sorted cell populations were then used to determine the temporal patterns of expression for 145 transcriptional regulators in the developing pancreas.

CONCLUSIONS
The precise temporal resolution of this model defines the narrow window of neurogenin 3 expression in islet progenitor cells and permits sequential analyses of sorted cells as well as the testing of gene regulatory models for the differentiation of pancreatic islet cells.
A steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence, circular dichroism study on the binding of myricetin to bovine serum albumin
Authors: Tian Jianniao , Zhao Yanchun , Liu Xiuhong , Zhao Shulin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe binding mechanism of myricetin (Myr) to bovine serum albumin was investigated by using steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence and circular dichroism. The results of the steady‐state fluorescence quenching experiment indicate that it is a static quenching process (CMyr/CBSA ≤ 3) at low quencher concentration and the binding site is located near the Trp212 residue. The association constants at the different temperatures were calculated. From the thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔH0), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0) and entropy change (ΔS0) obtained in the experiment, it was found that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions play important roles in binding Myr to BSA. According to the Föster energy transfer theory, the separation distance, r, the energy transfer efficiency, E, and Föster radius, R0, were calculated. The results obtained from the above experiments indicate that Myr can be tightly bound to BSA. Then, the effects of ionic strength, metal ion, pH and surfactants on the binding Myr and BSA were investigated, which also showed that electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions play a major role in the association process. On the other hand, the conformation and secondary structure of BSA were further studied through circular dichroism and fluorescence synchronous spectra. It was found that the conformation and secondary structure of BSA had also changed after interaction with Myr. The time‐resolved fluorescence study showed that the short lifetime of BSA decreased after the addition of Myr, which implies that the buried Trp 212 is the main binding site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of CdSe quantum dots with luminescence in the violet region of the solar spectrum
Authors: Shukla Nisha , Nigra Michael M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe have designed a simple, one‐step synthesis of CdSe quantum dots with photoluminescence frequencies ranging from the red through to the violet region of the solar spectrum. The photoluminescence peaks have FWHM of 30 nm indicating absorption over a narrow range of wavelengths. The effect of solvent type and solvent boiling point on the physical and photoluminescence properties of the quantum dots has been studied. High boiling point, non‐polar solvents shift the photoluminescence peak to longer wavelengths and low boiling point, polar solvents shift the photoluminescence peak to shorter wavelengths. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plant wide simulation using the free chemical process simulator Sim42: Natural gas separation and reforming
Authors: Dias Rafael Silva , Silva Leandro Cardoso , de Assis Adilson Jose 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article addresses the use of Sim42, a steady‐state free process simulator, as a powerful tool to teach heat integration and parametric optimization in a complete plant. It was considered a natural gas plant as a case study. The thermodynamic package used in the simulations was validated using experimental data published in the literature. The results were compared with the commercial simulator HYSYS and plant information. Good agreement was achieved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 476–484, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com; DOI 10.1002/cae.20200