bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAST AND PREDICTED FUTURE CHANGES IN THE LAND COVER OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODPLAIN, USA
Authors: De Jager N. R. , Rohweder J. J. , Nelson J. C. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study provides one historical and two alternative future contexts for evaluating land cover modifications within the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) floodplain. Given previously documented changes in land use, river engineering, restoration efforts and hydro‐climatic changes within the UMR basin and floodplain, we wanted to know which of these changes are the most important determinants of current and projected future floodplain land cover. We used Geographic Information System data covering approximately 37% of the UMR floodplain (3232 km2) for ca 1890 (pre‐lock and dam) and three contemporary periods (1975, 1989 and 2000) across which river restoration actions have increased and hydro‐climatic changes have occurred. We further developed two 50‐year future scenarios from the spatially dependent land cover transitions that occurred from 1975 to 1989 (scenario A) and from 1989 to 2000 (scenario B) using Markov models.Land cover composition of the UMR did not change significantly from 1975 to 2000, indicating that current land cover continues to reflect historical modifications that support agricultural production and commercial navigation despite some floodplain restoration efforts and variation in river discharge. Projected future land cover composition based on scenario A was not significantly different from the land cover for 1975, 1989 or 2000 but was different from the land cover of scenario B, which was also different from all other periods. Scenario B forecasts transition of some forest and marsh habitat to open water by the year 2050 for some portions of the northern river and projects that some agricultural lands will transition to open water in the southern portion of the river. Future floodplain management and restoration planning efforts in the UMR should consider the potential consequences of continued shifts in hydro‐climatic conditions that may occur as a result of climate change and the potential effects on floodplain land cover. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Talking In Class: Remembering What Is Important About Classroom Talk
Authors: Johnston Peter H. , Ivey Gay , Faulkner Amy 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe writers describe how apparently ordinary decisions about what to say when talking with children can have substantial effects on their learning and development. The language we use with children influences, among other things, who they think they are, what they think they're doing, the relationships they have with others, the strategic information available to them in the classroom, and the possibilities available to them for thinking about literacy and their own lives. The writers offer some principles for the kind of talk that helps build learning communities, engagement, a sense of agency, social relations, self‐regulation and even moral development.
When Bad Things Happen to Good Books
Authors: Serafini Frank 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this column, readers are asked to reconsider several traditional instructional strategies, in particular predicting and picture walks, and the role these practices play in the elementary reading curriculum. In addition, what happens after a book has been read must be reconsidered in light of the activities in which life long readers engage. To further this discussion, a set of criteria are offered for evaluating reading response activities.
Studies on the Chemistry of [Cd(NH3)4](MnO4)2. A Low Temperature Synthesis Route of the CdMn2O4+x Type NOx and CH3SH Sensor Precursors
Authors: Kótai László , Sajó István E. , Jakab Emma , Keresztury Gábor , Németh Csaba , Gács István , Menyhárd Alfréd , Kristóf János , Hajba László , Petrusevski Vladimir M. , Ivanovski Vladimir , Timpu Daniel , Sharma Pradeep K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAbstract. [Tetraamminecadmium(II)] bis(permanganate) (1) was prepared and its crystal structure was elucidated with XRD‐Rietveld refinement and vibrational spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 has a cubic lattice consisting of a 3D hydrogen‐bonded network built as four by four distorted tetrahedral blocks of [Cd(NH3)4]2+ cations and MnO4– anions, respectively. The other four permanganate ions are located in a crystallographically different environment, placed in the cavities formed by the attachment of the building blocks. A low‐temperature (≈100 °C) solid phase quasi‐intramolecular redox reaction producing ammonium nitrate and amorphous CdMn2O4 could be established. Neither solid phase nor aqueous solution phase thermal deammoniation of compound 1 can be used to prepare Cd(MnO4)2 and [Cd(NH3)2(MnO4)2]. During deammoniation of compound 1 in aqueous solution a precipitate consisting of Cd(OH)2 forms. Additionally, solid MnO2 and ammonium permanganate (NH4MnO4) forms. The solid phase deammoniation reaction (toluene used as heat convecting medium) with subsequent aqueous leaching of the ammonium nitrate formed has proved to be an easy and convenient technique for the synthesis of amorphous CdMn2O4+x type NOx and MeSH sensor precursors. The 1‐D perdeuterated complex was also synthesized to distinguish the N–H(D) and O–H(D) fragment signals in the TG‐MS spectra and to elucidate the vibrational characteristics of the overlapping Mn–O and Cd–N frequencies.
Crustal growth and intracrustal recycling in the middle segment of the Trans-North China Orogen, North China Craton: a case study of the Fuping Complex
Authors: HAN BAO-FU , XU ZHAO , REN RONG , LI LIN-LIN , YANG JIN-HUI , YANG YUE-HENG 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe most important crustal growth on Earth occurred at ~2.7 Ga, but the North China Craton (NCC) is characterized by prevalent development of ~2.5 Ga juvenile crust, with relatively rare records of ~2.7 Ga crustal growth. The Fuping Complex in the middle segment of the Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO) between the Eastern and Western blocks of the NCC is composed mainly of ~2.5 Ga Fuping tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic (TTG) gneisses and Longquanguan augen gneisses, ~2.1 Ga Nanying granitic gneisses and the Wanzi supracrustal rocks. Previous studies have suggested one major phase of crustal growth at ~2.5 Ga, possible intracrustal recycling at ~2.1 Ga and the presence of older rocks in the Fuping Complex, but there has been no record of ~2.7 Ga crustal growth. The Fuping TTG gneisses are dominated by stromatic migmatite, and new U–Pb dating of magmatic zircons from two stromatic migmatite samples yielded three different ages: (1) 2.75 Ga, which is the oldest age obtained from the Fuping TTG gneisses, (2) 2.54 Ga, which just falls in the published zircon U–Pb age range of 2.53 to 2.47 Ga for the Fuping TTG gneisses, and (3) 2.11 Ga, which is almost the same as the age of the Nanying granitic gneisses. Therefore, there are two generations of TTG gneisses in the Fuping Complex. Importantly, both of the 2.75 and 2.54 Ga zircons have the highest εHf(t) values, almost equal to the contemporaneous depleted mantle. This indicates high contributions of juvenile material to the two generations of TTG gneisses. In contrast, the 2.11 Ga zircons have apparently low εHf(t) values of −0.47 to +2.04, just falling in between 2.55 and 2.75 Ga continental crust values. This strongly suggests the reworking of the two generations of TTG gneisses at 2.1 Ga. Zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopes convincingly reveal two major phases of crustal growth in the Fuping Complex at ~2.7 and ~2.5 Ga, the same as in the northern and southern segments of the TNCO, and also confirm one major phase of intracrustal recycling at ~2.1 Ga, which may be responsible for the Nanying granitic gneisses.
Co-occurrence of small mammals in a tropical dry deciduous forest: comparisons of communities and individual species in Colima, Mexico
Authors: Poindexter Cassie J. , Schnell Gary D. , Sánchez-Hernández Cornelio , Romero-Almaraz María de Lourdes , Kennedy Michael L. , Best Troy L. , Wooten Michael C. , Owen Robert D. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract:Species co-occurrence is an important ecological research area. Mark-and-recapture studies of mammals allow identification of coexisting species, a necessary step in determining mechanisms enabling habitat sharing. Using data from five 1-ha grids in January 2004 in tropical dry deciduous forest of coastal Colima, Mexico, we detected significantly more interspecific overlap than expected between seven species pairs.Oryzomys couesishared more stations than expected withSigmodon mascotensis,Baiomys musculusandPeromyscus perfulvus.Baiomys musculuswas associated positively withS. mascotensisandReithrodontomys fulvescens.Heteromys pictusshared fewer stations than expected withO. couesiandS. mascotensis. For species collectively, there was non-random community structuring, with two grids displaying more species aggregation than expected. While two grids had non-random co-occurrence patterns, three grids did not differ from random, which differs from that reported for mammalian taxa on average. Other small-mammal studies have documented species segregation, while this study detected more positive than negative associations. Similarities in preference and habitat use (or diet) are likely explanations for interspecific overlap patterns at stations and co-occurrence patterns among grids. Simultaneously evaluating associations of species pairs and all species on a grid collectively is novel methodology as applied to mammals, adding to understanding of species co-occurrence.
Source attribution of human salmonellosis using a meta-analysis of case-control studies of sporadic infections
Authors: DOMINGUES A. R. , PIRES S. M. , HALASA T. , HALD T. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYSalmonella is an important cause of human illness. Disease is frequently associated with foodborne transmission, but other routes of exposure are recognized. Identifying sources of disease is essential for prioritizing public health interventions. Numerous case-control studies of sporadic salmonellosis have been published, often using different methodologies and settings. Systematic reviews consist of a formal process for literature review focused on a research question. With the objective of identifying the most important risk factors for salmonellosis, we performed a systematic review of case-control studies and a meta-analysis of obtained results. Thirty-five Salmonella case-control studies were identified. In the meta-analysis, heterogeneity between studies and possible sources of bias were investigated, and pooled odds ratios estimated. Results suggested that travel, predisposing factors, eating raw eggs, and eating in restaurants were the most important risk factors for salmonellosis. Sub-analyses by serotype were performed when enough studies were available.
Seasonality ofClostridium difficileinfections in Southern Germany
Authors: REIL M. , HENSGENS M. P. M. , KUIJPER E. J. , JAKOBIAK T. , GRUBER H. , KIST M. , BORGMANN S. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYBetween 2000 and 2009, the total number of patients withClostridium difficileinfections increased considerably in Southeastern Germany. A clear seasonality was observed with a higher number of affected patients occurring in the winter months (January–March). Moxifloxacin and erythromycin-resistantC. difficilePCR ribotypes 001 (72%) and 027 (4·6%) were the most commonly isolated strains.
Theory and Practice in Marx and Marxism
Authors: Kilminster Richard 
Published: December 2011

The identification of theory and practice is a critical act, through
which practice is demonstrated rational and necessary, and theory realistic
and rational (Antonio Gramsci).
In contemporary sociological and political theory the opposition of
theory and practice refers to a number of aspects of the relationship
between theories of various kinds and social life. It can refer, for
example, to the relationships between the various sciences (particularly the
social sciences) and their ‘objects’, between scientific knowledge and its
necessary practical applications and broadly between social science and
politics. Many Marxist writings since Lenin attempt to unite those three
levels in a theory of the total society with a practical intent. This theory
is intended to inform practical political activity in order radically to
change the complex of social institutions which make the theory itself
possible, in this way abolishing the theory in practice. That theory and
practice in this sense can inseparably inform each other in this way within
the politics of the labour movement, is one meaning in Soviet Marxism of the
phrase ‘the unity of theory and practice’.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-28 Deletion Amplifies Inflammatory and Extracellular Matrix Responses to Cardiac Aging
Authors: Ma Yonggang , Chiao Ying Ann , Zhang Jianhua , Manicone Anne M. , Jin Yu-Fang , Lindsey Merry L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTo determine if matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-28 mediates cardiac aging, wild-type (WT) and MMP-28−/− young (7 ± 1 months, n = 9 each) and old (20 ± 2 months, n = 7 each) female mice were evaluated. MMP-28 expression in the left ventricle (LV) increased 42% in old WT mice compared to young controls (p < 0.05). By Doppler echocardiography, LV function declined at 20 ± 2 months of age for both groups. However, dobutamine stress responses were similar, indicating that cardiac reserve was maintained. Plasma proteomic profiling revealed that macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 α, MIP-1β and MMP-9 plasma levels did not change in WT old mice but were significantly elevated in MMP-28−/− old mice (all p < 0.05), suggestive of a higher inflammatory status when MMP-28 is deleted. RT2-PCR gene array and immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that MIP-1α and MMP-9 gene and protein levels in the LV were also higher in MMP-28−/− old mice (all p < 0.05). Macrophage numbers in the LV increased similarly in WT and MMP-28−/− old mice, compared to respective young controls (both p < 0.05). Collagen content was not different among the WT and MMP-28−/− young and old mice. In conclusion, LV inflammation increases with age, and MMP-28 deletion further elevates inflammation and extracellular matrix responses, without altering macrophage numbers or collagen content.
Report of a Session at the CALL/ACBD Conference, Calgary 2011: The Effects of Interdisciplinary Research on Law Libraries
Authors: Facey Martha 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMartha Facey summarises the answers given by three panellists during the seminar “Thinking beyond the Law: Effects of Interdisciplinary Research on Law Libraries” delivered at the conference of the Canadian Association of Law Libraries/Association Canadienne des Bibliotheques de Droit (CALL/ACBD) which took place in May 2011 in Calgary, Alberta.
Evidence of a robust resident bacteriophage population revealed through analysis of the human salivary virome
Authors: Pride David T , Salzman Julia , Haynes Matthew , Rohwer Forest , Davis-Long Clara , White Richard A , Loomer Peter , Armitage Gary C , Relman David A 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Viruses are the most abundant known infectious agents on the planet and are significant drivers of diversity in a variety of ecosystems. Although there have been numerous studies of viral communities, few have focused on viruses within the indigenous human microbiota. We analyzed 2 267 695 virome reads from viral particles and compared them with 263 516 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the saliva of five healthy human subjects over a 2- to 3-month period, in order to improve our understanding of the role viruses have in the complex oral ecosystem. Our data reveal viral communities in human saliva dominated by bacteriophages whose constituents are temporally distinct. The preponderance of shared homologs between the salivary viral communities in two unrelated subjects in the same household suggests that environmental factors are determinants of community membership. When comparing salivary viromes to those from human stool and the respiratory tract, each group was distinct, further indicating that habitat is of substantial importance in shaping human viromes. Compared with coexisting bacteria, there was concordance among certain predicted host–virus pairings such as Veillonella and Streptococcus, whereas there was discordance among others such as Actinomyces. We identified 122 728 virulence factor homologs, suggesting that salivary viruses may serve as reservoirs for pathogenic gene function in the oral environment. That the vast majority of human oral viruses are bacteriophages whose putative gene function signifies some have a prominent role in lysogeny, suggests these viruses may have an important role in helping shape the microbial diversity in the human oral cavity.
Temporal variation of β-diversity and assembly mechanisms in a bacterial metacommunity
Authors: Langenheder Silke , Berga Mercè , Östman Örjan , Székely Anna J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The turnover of community composition across space, β-diversity, is influenced by different assembly mechanisms, which place varying weight on local habitat factors, such as environmental conditions and species interactions, and regional factors such as dispersal and history. Several assembly mechanisms may function simultaneously; however, little is known about how their importance changes over time and why. Here, we implemented a field survey where we sampled a bacterial metacommunity consisting of 17 rock pools located at the Swedish Baltic Sea coast at 11 occasions during 1 year. We determined to which extent communities were structured by different assembly mechanisms using variation partitioning and studied changes in β-diversity across environmental gradients over time. β-Diversity was highest at times of high overall productivity and environmental heterogeneity in the metacommunity, at least partly due to species sorting, that is, selection of taxa by the prevailing environmental conditions. In contrast, dispersal-driven assembly mechanisms were primarily detected at times when β-diversity was relatively low. There were no indications for strong and persistent differences in community composition or β-diversity between permanent and temporary pools, indicating that the physical disturbance regime is of relatively minor importance. In summary, our study clearly suggests that there are temporal differences in the relative importance of different assembly mechanisms related to abiotic factors and shows that the temporal variability of those factors is important for a more complete understanding of bacterial metacommunity dynamics.
Simulated Short-Term Impacts of the Atlantic Menhaden Reduction Fishery on Chesapeake Bay Water Quality
Authors: Lynch Patrick D. , Brush Mark J. , Latour Robert J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus support an intense fishery in Chesapeake Bay, an estuary that is impaired by eutrophication and excess phytoplankton biomass. Since Atlantic menhaden are filter-feeding fish that consume plankton, including phytoplankton, fishery removals may negatively affect water quality and may therefore hinder bay restoration efforts. We performed a simulation to estimate the short-term (monthly and annual) water quality impacts caused by the reduction fishery harvesting its current total allowable catch of Atlantic menhaden in Chesapeake Bay (109,020 metric tons/year). A theoretical loss in net nitrogen removal (Nt) due to the fishery was estimated for each month, and the simulation was repeated for several scenarios to account for uncertainties associated with Atlantic menhaden feeding behavior. The largest potential impact of the fishery (i.e., absolute value of Nt) occurred in August for all scenarios, but depending on the value assumed for average feeding rate the fishery was estimated to have either a positive impact or a negative impact on water quality. The sum of Nt across months ranged from −5.78 × 105 to 1.85 × 107 kg of N/year, indicating that the harvested Atlantic menhaden could have contributed up to 0.38% or removed up to 12.19% of the estimated total nitrogen load for Chesapeake Bay. This large range probably captures all possible scenarios of Atlantic menhaden feeding intensity; however, the current understanding of their feeding rates as related to phytoplankton composition in Chesapeake Bay suggests that average feeding rates are relatively low and that the probable impact of the fishery on water quality is negligible.
Received July 13, 2010; accepted December 24, 2010
An Evaluation of Underwater Epoxies to Permanently Install Temperature Sensors in Mountain Streams
Authors: Isaak Daniel J. , Horan Dona L. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Stream temperature regimes are of fundamental importance in understanding the patterns and processes in aquatic ecosystems, and inexpensive digital sensors provide accurate and repeated measurements of temperature. Most temperature measurements in mountain streams are made only during summer months because of logistical constraints associated with stream access and concerns that large annual floods will destroy sensor installations. We assessed six underwater epoxies to determine whether sensors could be attached to large rocks already in streams to provide durable installations and whether temperature measurements would be biased by heat conduction through the rocks. Only one of the six test epoxies bonded the sensors firmly to rock surfaces in laboratory trials. In subsequent field trials, 9 of 11 sensors attached to rocks with this epoxy successfully weathered above-average floods in four Idaho and Nevada streams in 2010. Comparisons of daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures between rock-mounted sensors and control sensors at 10 rocks suggested temperature measurements were not biased by attachment to rocks. We also assessed the effect of direct sunlight on sensors by removing solar shields from some sensors and noted rapid and statistically significant increases in daily means (+0.21°C) and maxima (+0.54°C), but not minima (−0.01°C). Use of underwater epoxy for permanent installation of temperature sensors in mountain streams is a viable technique if an appropriate epoxy is chosen, sensors are shielded from direct sunlight, and rocks large enough to withstand floods are used. Moreover, installations using epoxy are rapid (approximately 20 min), and firm attachments to rock surfaces over a range of stream temperatures (5–20°C) are possible.
Received September 16, 2010; accepted November 12, 2010
Spatiotemporal Distribution and Population Characteristics of a Nonnative Lake Trout Population, with Implications for Suppression
Authors: Dux Andrew M. , Guy Christopher S. , Fredenberg Wade A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We evaluated the distribution and population characteristics of nonnative lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake McDonald, Glacier National Park, Montana, to provide biological data in support of a potential suppression program. Using ultrasonic telemetry, we identified spatial and temporal distribution patterns by tracking 36 adult lake trout (1,137 relocations). Lake trout rarely occupied depths greater than 30 m and were commonly located in the upper hypolimnion directly below the metalimnion during thermal stratification. After breakdown of the metalimnion in the fall, lake trout primarily aggregated at two spawning sites. Lake trout population characteristics were similar to those of populations within the species’ native range. However, lake trout in Lake McDonald exhibited lower total annual mortality (13.2%), later maturity (age 12 for males, age 15 for females), lower body condition, and slower growth than are typically observed in the southern extent of their range. These results will be useful in determining where to target suppression activities (e.g., gillnetting, trap-netting, or electrofishing) and in evaluating responses to suppression efforts. Similar evaluations of lake trout distribution patterns and population characteristics are recommended to increase the likelihood that suppression programs will succeed.
Received March 24, 2009; accepted November 23, 2010