bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive data mining in clinical medicine: a focus on selected methods and applications
Authors: Bellazzi Riccardo , Ferrazzi Fulvia , Sacchi Lucia 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPredictive data mining in clinical medicine deals with learning models to predict patients' health. The models can be devoted to support clinicians in diagnostic, therapeutic, or monitoring tasks. Data mining methods are usually applied in clinical contexts to analyze retrospective data, thus giving healthcare professionals the opportunity to exploit large amounts of data routinely collected during their day‐by‐day activity. Moreover, clinicians can nowadays take advantage of data mining techniques to deal with the huge amount of research results obtained by molecular medicine, such as genetic or genomic signatures, which may allow transition from population‐based to personalized medicine. The current challenge is to exploit data mining to build models able to take into account the dynamic and temporal nature of clinical care and to exploit the variety of information available at the bedside. This review describes the main features of predictive clinical data mining and focus on two specific aspects of particular interest: the methods able to deal with temporal data and the efforts performed to translate molecular medicine results into clinically useful data mining models. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 416–430 DOI: 10.1002/widm.23This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Health Care
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining
Technologies > Prediction
Mining proteomic data for biomedical research
Authors: Elo Laura L. , Schwikowski Benno 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe popularity of proteomics in biomedical research has grown with the development of advanced measurement technologies. This has enabled high‐throughput protein expression profiling, modification‐specific proteomics, and global protein–protein interaction maps. Although proteomics has great potential in providing deeper understanding of the role of individual proteins and protein networks in disease and in unveiling the underlying disease mechanisms, challenges arise in transforming the large‐scale experimental data into biomedical knowledge for clinical practice and drug development. In particular, sophisticated computational tools are required to interpret the high‐dimensional proteomic datasets that typically reflect not only biological information, but also technical biases and limitations. This review gives an overview of the role of data mining in biomedical applications of proteomics, with a focus on data from mass spectrometry‐based expression profiling studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Relating computer systems to sequence diagrams: the impact of underspecification and inherent nondeterminism
Authors: Runde Ragnhild Kobro , Refsdal Atle , Stølen Ketil 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Having a sequence diagram specification and a computer system, we need to answer the question: Is the system compliant with the sequence diagram specification in the desired way? We present a procedure for answering this question for sequence diagrams with underspecification and inherent nondeterminism. The procedure is independent of any concrete technology, and relies only on the execution traces that may be produced by the system. If all traces are known, the procedure results in either “compliant” or “not compliant”. If only a subset of the traces is known, the conclusion may also be “likely compliant” or “likely not compliant”.
Long‐Term Results of Laparoscopic Hepatectomy Versus Open Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case‐Matched Analysis
Authors: Lee Kit Fai , Chong Ching Ning , Wong Jeff , Cheung Yue Sun , Wong John , Lai Paul 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) is established as a safe and feasible treatment option for liver tumors. However, whether the adoption of laparoscopic approach for malignant tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), will compromise the long‐term result is still unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the long‐term results of LH compared with a cohort of case‐matched open hepatectomy (OH).MethodsThirty‐three patients who underwent LH for HCC in our institution between June 2004 and March 2010 were recruited. A group of 50 patients who underwent OH for HCC during the same period was identified by matching to magnitude of operation, size of tumor, site of tumor, and the absence of concomitant local ablation or major procedure. The perioperative outcomes, disease recurrence, and survival of the two groups of patients were determined and compared.ResultsLH resulted in less operative complications (6.1% vs. 24%, P = 0.033) and shorter median hospital stay (5 vs. 7 days, P < 0.0005) but required longer operative time compared with OH (225 vs. 195 min, P = 0.019). There was no difference between LH and OH in recurrence rate (45.5% vs. 38%, P = 0.499). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival were 86.9%, 81.8%, and 76% for LH and 98%, 80.6%, and 76.1% for OH respectively (P = 0.646). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year disease‐free survival were 78.8%, 51%, and 45.3% for LH and 69.2%, 55.9%, and 55.9% for OH, respectively (P = 0.849).ConclusionsCompared with OH, LH for HCC has similar long‐term outcomes, but it has short‐term advantages of less operative complications and shorter hospital stay.
Emulsifying Properties of Different Modified Sunflower Lecithins
Authors: Cabezas D. M. , Madoery R. , Diehl B. W. K. , Tomás M. C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLecithins are a mixture of acetone‐insoluble phospholipids and other minor substances (triglycerides, carbohydrates, etc.). The most commonly processes used for lecithin modification are: fractionation by deoiling to separate oil from phospholipids, fractionation with solvents to produce fractions enriched in specific phospholipids, and introduction of enzymatic and chemical changes in phospholipid molecules. The aim of this work was to evaluate the emulsifying properties of different modified sunflower lecithins in oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. In this study, five modified sunflower lecithins were assessed, which were obtained by deoiling (deoiled lecithin), fractionation with absolute ethanol (PC and PI enriched fractions), and enzymatic hydrolysis with phospholipase A2 from pancreatic porcine and microbial sources (hydrolyzed lecithins). Modified lecithins were applied as an emulsifying agent in O/W emulsions (30:70 wt/wt), ranging 0.1–2.0% (wt/wt). Stability of different emulsions was evaluated through the evolution of backscattering profiles (%BS), particle size distribution, and mean particle diameters (D [3, 4], D [3, 2]). PC enriched fraction and both hydrolyzed lecithins presented the best emulsifying properties against the main destabilization processes (creaming and coalescence) for the analyzed emulsions. These modified lecithins represent a good alternative for the production of new bioactive agents.
Quality Characteristics and Antioxidants of Mavrolia cv. Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Anastasopoulos Efstathios , Kalogeropoulos Nick , Kaliora Andriana C. , Falirea Ageliki , Kamvissis Vassilis N. , Andrikopoulos Nikolaos K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe quality characteristics and bioactive microconstituents of virgin olive oil produced by Mavrolia cv, an Olea europaea variety grown in Southern Peloponnesus, Greece, are reported for the first time. The oil samples of Mavrolia cv. studied fell within the limits established for the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) category and were characterized by higher levels of campesterol (88.7 ± 14.8 vs. 56.1 ± 6.1 mg kg−1 oil) and β‐sitosterol (1692.6 ± 100.3 vs. 1356.2 ± 85 mg kg−1 oil) and relatively lower oxidative stability (19.35 ± 2.62 vs. 37.44 ± 1.97 h) compared to Koroneiki cv. The lower oxidative stability was positively correlated to significantly lower polyphenols (88.95 ± 2.33 vs. 233.75 ± 34.29) and α‐tocopherol (517.2 ± 6.50 vs. 655.37 ± 17.78) and to higher polyunsaturated fatty acids content (9.27 ± 0.35 vs. 6.41 ± 0.38). Tyrosol, ferulic acid and protocatechuic acid contents were significantly higher in Mavrolia cv. samples compared to Koroneiki cv. (218.80 ± 44.8 vs. 83.7 ± 23.1, 1.82 ± 0.11 vs. 0.97 ± 0.31, and 1.55 ± 0.39 vs. 0.35 ± 0.60 mg kg−1, respectively). Also, the bitter and pungent attributes were found in lower intensities compared to Koroneiki cv. EVOO for the same period (1.9 vs. 2.5 and 2.3 vs. 3.9, respectively). The ripe fruity intensity with walnut olfactory attribute of the Mavrolia cv., was also light to medium.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Saccharide‐Fatty Acid Esters Utilizing Solvent‐Free Suspensions: Effect of Acyl Donors and Acceptors, and Enzyme Activity Retention
Authors: Ye Ran , Hayes Douglas G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe effect of acyl donor (oleic, caprylic, lauric and myristic acids) and acceptor (fructose, sucrose, glucose and xylose) for synthesis of saccharide‐fatty acid esters was conducted using solvent‐free (50–200 μm sized) suspensions of saccharide crystals in a mixture of fatty acid/fructose oleate (90 wt% monoester and 10 wt% diester) at a ratio of 75/25 w/w initially, and a bioreactor system containing a packed bed bioreactor filled with immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase (Lipozyme®IM, Novozymes, Franklinton, NC, USA) at 53 °C or a stirred tank bioreactor (STBR) at 65 °C. A nearly linear relationship between initial saccharide concentration and initial rate of reaction and final ester concentration was achieved which was independent of acyl donor or acceptor type. Slightly lower reaction rate and yield were obtained for operation in STBRs. Suspensions containing the highest saccharide concentration coincided with saccharide crystals of the smallest average size, since large‐sized crystals sedimented out during the workup for formation of the suspensions. The best performance was achieved using fructose and oleic acid as substrates (92.3 wt% ester, consisting of 92 wt% monoester) in a packed‐bed bioreactor (PBBR). The activity of RML did not decrease appreciably after four successive runs for solvent‐free fructose‐oleate esterification, or equivalently, a 22 day reaction period.
Alternative strategies to in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment for aged infertile women
Authors: Isono Wataru , Wada‐Hiraike Osamu , Shirane Akira , Fujimoto Akihisa , Osuga Yutaka , Yano Tetsu , Taketani Yuji 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to maximize the chance of pregnancy and provide an optimal protocol for infertile female patients of advanced reproductive age as an alternative to in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed medical records of 432 infertile women aged ≥38 at the beginning of the treatment. Stepwise non‐IVF/ICSI treatments using timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination, with or without controlled ovarian stimulation, were adopted for all patients. In this population, we extracted 8 representative infertility factors and examined these effects on fertility rate by calculating clinical pregnancy rate.ResultsThe prognosis for infertile women possessing at least one of the three factors, ‘advanced female age (≥42 years)’, ‘endometriosis/adenomyosis’, and ‘tubal infertility’ was apparently poor because only 5 out of 155 women were able to conceive (1.02% per cycle). In contrast, 95 patients without the four factors, ‘advanced female age’, ‘endometriosis/adenomyosis’, ‘tubal infertility’, and ‘male infertility’, were more likely to conceive (9.14% per cycle).ConclusionsFertility centers can offer appropriate protocols for non‐IVF/ICSI treatment and establish guidelines for aged infertile patients by examining infertility factors and considering their combinations.
Does More Schooling Reduce Hospitalization and Delay Mortality? New Evidence Based on Danish Twins
Authors: Behrman Jere R. , Kohler Hans-Peter , Jensen Vibeke Myrup , Pedersen Dorthe , Petersen Inge , Bingley Paul , Christensen Kaare 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSchooling generally is positively associated with better health-related outcomes—for example, less hospitalization and later mortality—but these associations do not measure whether schooling causes better health-related outcomes. Schooling may in part be a proxy for unobserved endowments—including family background and genetics—that both are correlated with schooling and have direct causal effects on these outcomes. This study addresses the schooling-health-gradient issue with twins methodology, using rich data from the Danish Twin Registry linked to population-based registries to minimize random and systematic measurement error biases. We find strong, significantly negative associations between schooling and hospitalization and mortality, but generally no causal effects of schooling.
Fertility Following an Unintended First Birth
Authors: Guzzo Karen Benjamin , Hayford Sarah 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Research on unintended fertility tends to focus on births as isolated events. This article expands previous research by examining the relationship between early unintended childbearing and subsequent fertility dynamics in the United States. Data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth show that 27.5% of mothers report an unintended first birth. We use event history methods to show that these women are significantly more likely than women with an intended first birth to have an unintended second birth than to have either no second birth or an intended second birth, net of sociodemographic characteristics. An unintended first birth also increases the risk of having an unintended third birth relative to no birth or an intended birth, independent of the intendedness of the second birth. We conclude that early unintended fertility is a strong signal of high risk for subsequent unintended fertility.
Sense of coherence and emotional health in adolescents
Authors: Moksnes Unni K. , Espnes Geir A. , Lillefjell Monica 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe present paper investigates possible gender and age differences on emotional states (state depression and state anxiety) and sense of coherence (SOC) as well as the association between SOC and emotional states. The cross‐sectional sectional sample consists of 1209 adolescents 13–18 years from public elementary and secondary schools in Mid‐Norway. The results showed that girls reported higher scores on state anxiety and state depression, whereas boys consistently scored higher on SOC in all age groups. SOC was inversely associated with both state depression and state anxiety. An interaction effect of gender by SOC was found on both state depression and state anxiety, where the association was stronger for girls than for boys. Conclusions: The associations found give support for the implications of salutogenic factors in relation to emotional health in adolescents.
10Be data from meltwater channels suggest that Jameson Land, east Greenland, was ice-covered during the last glacial maximum
Authors: Håkansson Lena , Briner Jason P. , Aldahan Ala , Possnert Göran 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlong the northeast Greenland continental margin, bedrock on interfjord plateaus is highly weathered, whereas rock surfaces in fjord troughs are characterized by glacial scour. Based on the intense bedrock weathering and lack of glacial deposits from the last glaciation, interfjord plateaus have long been thought to be ice-free throughout the last glacial maximum (LGM). In recent years there is growing evidence from shelf and fjord settings that the northeast Greenland continental margin was more extensively glaciated during the LGM than previously thought. However, little is still known from interfjord settings. We present cosmogenic10Be data from meltwater channels and weathered sandstone outcrops on Jameson Land, an interfjord highland north of Scoresby Sund. The mean exposure age of samples from channel beds (n = 3) constrains on the onset of deglaciation on interior Jameson Land to 18.5 ± 1.3–21.4 ± 1.9 ka (for erosion conditions of 0–10 mm/ka, respectively). This finding adds to growing evidence that the northeast Greenland continental margin was more heavily glaciated during the LGM than previously thought.
School meals in French secondary state schools: do national recommendations lead to healthier nutrition on offer?
Authors: Bertin Mélanie , Lafay Lionel , Calamassi-Tran Gloria , Volatier Jean-Luc , Dubuisson Carine 
Published: August 2011

To improve the dietary offering in schools, the French authorities published recommendations on nutrition in 1999, which were then revised in 2007. The aim of the present study was to assess the nutritional offering in secondary school meals and the extent to which the recommendations promote balanced nutritional offerings. In 2005, a national survey was conducted on a representative sample of secondary schools, either administrated by the Ministry of Education (ES) or the Ministry of Agriculture (AS). Information on school-catering organisation and twenty consecutive meals was collected from each of the 707 secondary schools surveyed. Nutritional composition was estimated according to the French food composition database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the impact of food-group frequency guidelines (FFG) on nutritional offering. It was found that 15 and 26 % of ES and AS schools, respectively, had high compliance with the FFG, at lunch. Macronutrient content was unbalanced in ES school lunches in which 42·8 % lipids, 21·5 % proteins and 35·7 % carbohydrates contributed to the energy. Nevertheless, proper offerings in Fe, Ca and vitamin C content were observed. In addition, a lower offering in lipids and a higher offering in proteins, Ca, vitamin C and Fe were found when the FFG were applied (P < 0·001). Similar results were found for AS schools. This paper confirms the effectiveness of FFG in providing nutritionally balanced school meals. However, others measures such as nutrition promotion and actions to improve children's food habits have to be introduced to make the recommendations more effective and easier to understand.
PAST AND PRESENTISM: THE ‘PRECOLONIAL’ AND THE FORESHORTENING OF AFRICAN HISTORY
Authors: REID RICHARD 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThis article considers the marginalization of precolonial history from mainstream Africanist scholarship in recent decades, and argues that this can be understood in the context of a scholarly culture that attributes an exaggerated significance to the history of the twentieth century. The article highlights some of the work that continues to be done on Africa's deeper past, with a view to demonstrating the enormous value of such research in elucidating present-day issues. It also argues, however, that work on the modern period is preponderant, and that there is a clear tendency toward historical foreshortening, evidenced in recent scholarship on such topics as conflict and ethnicity.
MASS PRODUCTION OR PRODUCTION BY THE MASSES? TRACTORS, COOPERATIVES, AND THE POLITICS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN POST-INDEPENDENCE ZAMBIA
Authors: BOWMAN ANDREW 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe fall of colonial regimes across Africa was accompanied by the rise in expectations for rapid and inclusive rural economic progress. In Zambia, the cooperative production unit was one of two key initiatives at the centre of the United National Independence Party's ambitious development efforts. The other was the tractor. By following these two interlinked initiatives in the years immediately following independence, this article contributes to the under-explored history of early postcolonial development. It argues that both the power of expert groups and the level of continuity between late colonial and postcolonial development was not always as great as has recently been suggested. Cooperative mechanization policies emerged from a confluence of competing claims over knowledge, power and resources. However, as is demonstrated, they also reflected more fundamental tensions in the development endeavour between the prioritization of economically efficient mass production, and inclusive development for the masses.
BRITISH COLONIAL POLICY, LOCAL POLITICS, AND THE ORIGINS OF THE MAURITIAN WELFARE STATE, 1936–50
Authors: SEEKINGS JEREMY 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTMauritius's unusual welfare state dates back to the introduction of non-contributory old-age pensions in 1950. This article examines the origins of this reform, focusing on the interactions between political actors in both Mauritius (local planters, political activists, and the colonial government) and London (the Colonial Office and Labour Party). Faced with riots among unorganised sugar estate workers in 1937, the colonial administration considered welfare reforms as part of a package intended to substitute for political change. The nascent Mauritian Labour Party used its links to the British Labour Party to apply additional pressure on the Colonial Office and, hence, the Governor in Mauritius. Welfare reform was stalled, however, by resistance from, initially, the governor and, later, the Colonial Office. It took partial democratisation in 1948 to push the local administration towards reluctant reform. The choice of tax-financed old-age pensions reflected the combination of a small and open economy, the absence of surplus land, poorly organised workers, and an effective state.
MOVING THE ORBS: ASTRONOMY, PHYSICS, AND METAPHYSICS, AND THE PROBLEM OF CELESTIAL MOTION ACCORDING TO IBN SĪNĀ
Authors: Janos Damien 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIbn Sīnā's celestial kinematics represents an important aspect of his cosmology but has up to now received little attention in the secondary literature. After a short overview of some key features of his cosmology, this article attempts to clarify the role played by the separate intellects, the celestial souls, and the celestial bodies in causing celestial motion. It challenges the common view that Ibn Sīnā adhered to the theory of ten separate intellects developed by al-Fārābī and attempts to reconstruct his astronomical-metaphysical model on the basis of his main philosophical works. In addition, the article addresses the thorny question of how motion is transmitted from the intellectual to the physical plane, and it sheds light on the place of physics, metaphysics, and astronomy in Ibn Sīnā's cosmological method.
Stellar hydrodynamics caught in the act: Asteroseismology with CoRoT and Kepler
Authors: Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen , Thompson Michael J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAsteroseismic investigations, particularly based on data on stellar oscillations from the CoRoT andKeplerspace missions, are providing unique possibilities for investigating the properties of stellar interiors. This constitutes entirely new ways to study the effects of dynamic phenomena on stellar structure and evolution. Important examples are the extent of convection zones and the associated mixing and the direct and indirect effects of stellar rotation. In addition, the stellar oscillations themselves show very interesting dynamic behaviour. Here we discuss examples of the results obtained from such investigations, across the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Toroidal Field Reversals
Authors: Rogers T. M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractI present axisymmetric numerical simulations of the solar interior, with differential rotation imposed in the convection zone and tachocline and a dipolar poloidal field confined to the radiative interior. In these simulations toroidal field reversals which are equator-ward propagating are driven in the absence of a dynamo. These reversals are driven in the tachocline and are seen at the top of the convection zone. While not solar-like in many ways, these reversals do show some solar-like properties not previously seen in full MHD simulations.