bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-Mining in klinischen Datensätzen – Bericht der Arbeitsgruppe Bioinformatik der DGKL
Authors: Hoffmann Georg , Zapatka Marc , Findeisen Peter , Wörner Stefan , Martus Peter , Neumaier Michael 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
Data-Mining-Programme helfen, Erkenntnisse aus großen Datenmengen zu extrahieren. In der Laboratoriumsmedizin gewinnt das Thema trotz jahrzehntelanger Erfahrung mit Profildiagnostik erst jetzt im Zuge hoch-paralleler Analysentechniken (Genomik, Proteomik u.a.) praktische Bedeutung. Entscheidend für den Erfolg von Data-Mining-Projekten ist die fachgerechte Datenaufbereitung, insbesondere die Normalisierung der Messwerte. Am Beispiel von Routineaufnahmedaten eines Krankenhauses wird demonstriert, wie man mit einer explorativen Clusteranalyse klinisch bedeutsame Wertemuster identifizieren kann. Aufbauend auf dieser Machbarkeitsstudie fördert die DGKL ein Forschungs- und Softwareentwicklungsprojekt.
Shear Wave Measurements Using Bender Elements in Argillaceous Rocks
Authors: Arroyo Marcos , Pineda Jubert A. , Romero Enrique 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The bender element technique for the measurement of the small strain shear stiffness of soils is here extended to measurements in very stiff argillaceous rocks that will be subject to artificially induced weathering. Moduli between 3 and 17 GPa are thus determined in natural samples of two different intact materials: Lilla claystone and Opalinus clay. It is explained how practical difficulties related to bender insertion and high frequency testing were overcome. Theoretical difficulties, particularly those related with possible near field noise, are examined in detail. Travel time is established by the first break technique by jointly examining the output from several input signals of different characteristics. The error associated with the technique is bounded by making similar measurements in several dummy samples of materials (aluminum and Lucite) whose well-known elastic properties lie in a similar range to that of the tested geomaterials. The effect of suction on the small strain stiffness of the homogenous Lilla clay samples is shown to be similar to that previously observed—at a lower suction range—in unsaturated compacted soils.
Volunteered Geographic Information and Crowdsourcing Disaster Relief: A Case Study of the Haitian Earthquake
Authors: Zook Matthew , Graham Mark , Shelton Taylor , Gorman Sean 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper outlines the ways in which information technologies (ITs) were used in the Haiti relief effort, especially with respect to web‐based mapping services. Although there were numerous ways in which this took place, this paper focuses on four in particular: CrisisCamp Haiti, OpenStreetMap, Ushahidi, and GeoCommons. This analysis demonstrates that ITs were a key means through which individuals could make a tangible difference in the work of relief and aid agencies without actually being physically present in Haiti. While not without problems, this effort nevertheless represents a remarkable example of the power and crowdsourced online mapping and the potential for new avenues of interaction between physically distant places that vary tremendously.
Living‐Unrelated Kidney Selling in Pakistan: Can Organ Transplantation Law and Social Action Create a New Model for Developing Countries?
Authors: Akhtar Faheem , Bari Omar H 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPakistan made its name as one of the leading kidney markets during the last 15 years because of the availability of willing organ donors. A major motivating factor is poverty, which induces the underprivileged to proffer their organs to the marketplace. Vendors (i.e., people selling their kidneys) hope that compensated kidney donation will lead to a better life that is debt‐free and without despair. By engaging kidney brokers, private hospitals have commercialized the milieu and set aside misgivings about abusing the poor for profit. Contributing factors to this practice are analyzed in this article. The administration in Pakistan must assuage the predicament of the deprived, and in addition must strengthen and stringently enforce both the organ transplant law and compensated organ donations to curtail a recalcitrant and unethical kidney trade.
Geographical Disparity in Access to Organ Transplant in the United States and Other Western Countries: A Prolegomenon to A Solution
Authors: Koizumi Naoru 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground: Disparities in access to and in outcome of organ transplantation are widely discussed topics among transplant researchers in many Western countries. Among various types of disparities examined in existing studies, “geographic disparity,” i.e., disparity due to a recipient's location, is most common. Despite a number of articles that acknowledge the existence of geographic disparities, the literature has been relatively silent about the historical and international efforts to address these issues. Literature discussing remedies or proposing analytical tools to identify remedies is even rarer. This paper investigates potential causes of geographic disparity and advocates possible methodological approaches to analyze and address the disparity. Methods: The paper conducts an in‐depth review of geographic disparity and the policy efforts to reduce the disparity in the United States, Canada, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The current organ allocation systems in these countries are also reviewed and compared. Possible causes of the disparity and future analytical approaches are discussed based on the findings of these reviews. Findings: Geographic disparity in organ transplant service is ubiquitous in all countries studied. Many Western countries have a similar organ allocation system with some difference in the degree of interregional and national‐level sharing enforced by the government. The organ allocation system in these countries tends to have some inherent mechanism to favor a “home region” where organs are harvested, implying that the locations of candidates matter in accessing a transplant. Geographic allocation boundaries prevalent in the United States were found to be another potential source of geographic disparity. Conclusions: Developing an equitable organ allocation system is a multifaceted problem. The allocation procedure needs to reflect priorities of urgent cases and some geographic areas, patient's severity level, waiting time, cold ischemia time (CIT) and associated travel distance, condition of and compatibility between organ and recipient, etc. Failing to reflect these factors adequately results in disparity of some sort. The implications of geographic boundaries in organ allocation need to be studied further. Utilization of relatively new methodological approaches, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and system dynamic modeling, would help develop a system that allocates organs more equitably.
Visible or Invisible Games? A Critique on the Future of the World Games
Authors: Hsu Li-Hong 
Published: July 2010

Visible or Invisible Games? A Critique on the Future of the World GamesAs the crowded calendar of world sport and the increasing competition between sporting festivals is likely to affect more second-tier global sporting festivals than the Olympic Games (Cashman 2004, p. 134), this paper attempts to answer a few questions concerning the future of the World Games, i.e. a multi-sport mega event. The first and primary question is whether it is worthwhile to host the World Games. In this paper reasoned justification will be provided with a critical eye. Furthermore, questions will be raised about the when and particularly about the where. The content of the World Games' programs will be briefly discussed and critically evaluated as well. As an example the author will use the 2009 World Games in Kaohsiung, Taiwan for discussion.
Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective study and systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Sekula Raymond F. , Frederickson Andrew M. , Jannetta Peter J. , Quigley Matthew R. , Aziz Khaled M. , Arnone Gregory D. 
Published: July 2010

Object
Because the incidence of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) increases with age, neurosurgeons frequently encounter elderly patients with this disorder. Although microvascular decompression (MVD) is the only etiological therapy for TN with the highest initial efficacy and durability of all treatments, it is nonetheless associated with special risks (cerebellar hematoma, cranial nerve injury, stroke, and death) not seen with the commonly performed ablative procedures. Thus, the safety of MVD in the elderly remains a concern. This prospective study and systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether MVD is a safe and effective treatment in elderly patients with TN.

Methods
In this prospectively conducted analysis, 36 elderly patients (mean age 73.0 ± 5.9 years) and 53 nonelderly patients (mean age 52.9 ± 8.8 years) underwent MVD over the study period. Outcome and complication data were recorded.
The authors also conducted a systematic review of the English literature published before December 2009 and providing outcomes and complications of MVD in patients with TN above the age of 60 years. Pooled complication rates of stroke, death, cerebellar hematoma, and permanent cranial nerve deficits were analyzed.

Results
Thirty-one elderly patients (86.1%) reported an excellent outcome after MVD (mean follow-up 20.0 ± 7.0 months). Twenty-five elderly patients with Type 1 TN were compared with 26 nonelderly patients with Type 1 TN, and no significant difference in outcomes was found (p = 0.046). Three elderly patients with Type 2a TN were compared with 12 nonelderly patients with Type 2a TN, and no significant difference in outcomes was noted (p = 1.0). Eight elderly patients with Type 2b TN were compared with 15 nonelderly patients with Type 2b TN, and no significant difference in outcomes was noted (p = 0.086). The median length of stay between cohorts was compared, and no significant difference was noted (2 days for each cohort, p = 0.33). There were no CSF leaks, no cerebellar hematomas, no strokes, and no deaths.
Eight studies (1334 patients) met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. For none of the complications was the incidence significantly more frequent in elderly patients than in the nonelderly.

Conclusions
Although patient selection remains important, the authors' experience and the results of this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that the majority of elderly patients with TN can safely undergo MVD.
A Clinical Study on PCOS Patients in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Anwary Shaheen Ara , Alfazzaman Md , Begum Nurjahan 
Published: July 2010

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition characterized by menstrual abnormalities and clinical or biochemical features of hyperandrogenism and may manifest at any age. The present study was carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2008 to March 2009, on 50 women with PCOS which was diagnosed by three criteria: (1) oligo and/or anovulation, (2) hyperandrogenism and (3) polycystic ovaries, to evaluate their characteristics and laboratory investigation findings. Most common age was 2125 years (44%), mean BMI 27.10 kg/m2, menstrual cycle irregularity 80%, oligomenorrhoea 28%, dysmenorrhoea 18%, nulliparity 90%, history of abortion 10%, acne in 52%, hirsutism in 50%, and per vaginal findings were anteverted uterus 100%, free fornices 98% and healthy cervix 94%. Laboratory findings were low (2.8 mIU/ml) serum FSH 2%, raised (>14.7 mIU/ml) serum LH 56%, raised (7.8 mmol/L) blood sugar (2hr after 75 g glucose load) 30%, raised (>25 ng/ml) serum prolactin 14%, raised (>4 ?IU/ml) serum TSH 2%, low <3.5 ng/dl), ultrasound of lower abdomen showed evidence of PCOS in 100% cases. Infertility in women with PCOS can be treated successfully in most women by diet and exercise, clomiphene citrate with or without metformin, laparoscopic ovarian diarthermy, or ovulation induction with gonadotrophins. Key words: PCOS; Infertility DOI: 10.3329/medtoday.v22i1.5604 Medicine Today Vol.22(1) 2010. 34-37
Distinct Cell Death Programs in Monocytes Regulate Innate Responses Following Challenge with Common Causes of Invasive Bacterial Disease
Authors: Webster Steve J. , Daigneault Marc , Bewley Martin A. , Preston Julie A. , Marriott Helen. M. , Walmsley Sarah R. , Read Robert C. , Whyte Moira K. B. , Dockrell David H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPeripheral blood monocytes represent the rapid response component of mononuclear phagocyte host defense, generating vigorous but finite antibacterial responses. We investigated the fate of highly purified primary human monocytes following phagocytosis of different bacteria. Exposure to high bacterial loads resulted in rapid loss of cell viability and decreased functional competence. Cell death typically involved classical apoptosis. Exposure to high numbers of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae induced nonapoptotic death with loss of cell membrane integrity, marked disruption of phagolysosomes, and caspase-1 activation, while a subset of cells also released caspase-1–regulated extracellular traps. Classical apoptosis increased if extracellular bacterial replication was reduced and decreased if intracellular ATP levels were reduced during these infections. Both classical apoptosis and the alternative forms of cell death allowed monocytes, whose functional competence was exhausted, to downregulate reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokine responses. In contrast, sustained stimulation of glycolytic metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, with associated hypoxia inducible factor-1α upregulation, maintained intracellular ATP levels and prolonged monocyte functional longevity, as assessed by maintenance of phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, and proinflammatory cytokine generation. Monocyte innate responses to bacteria are short-lived and are limited by an intrinsic program of apoptosis, a response that is subverted by overwhelming infection with E. coli and K. pneumoniae or bacterial stimulation of cell metabolism. In this regard, the fate of monocytes following bacterial challenge more closely resembles neutrophils than macrophages.
Trpm4 Differentially Regulates Th1 and Th2 Function by Altering Calcium Signaling and NFAT Localization
Authors: Weber K. Scott , Hildner Kai , Murphy Kenneth M. , Allen Paul M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTh cell subsets have unique calcium (Ca2+) signals when activated with identical stimuli. The regulation of these Ca2+ signals and their correlation to the biological function of each T cell subset remains unclear. Trpm4 is a Ca2+-activated cation channel that we found is expressed at higher levels in Th2 cells compared with Th1 cells. Inhibition of Trpm4 expression increased Ca2+ influx and oscillatory levels in Th2 cells and decreased influx and oscillations in Th1 cells. This inhibition of Trpm4 expression also significantly altered T cell cytokine production and motility. Our experiments revealed that decreasing Trpm4 levels divergently regulates nuclear localization of NFATc1. Consistent with this, gene profiling did not show Trpm4-dependent transcriptional regulation, and T-bet and GATA-3 levels remain identical. Thus, Trpm4 is expressed at different levels in Th cells and plays a distinctive role in T cell function by differentially regulating Ca2+ signaling and NFATc1 localization.
Tailoring Materials Properties by Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: Hausöl Tina , Maier Verena , Schmidt Christian W. , Winkler Michael , Höppel Heinz Werner , Göken Mathias 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAccumulative roll bonding (ARB) as a method of severe plastic deformation (SPD) is an interesting established process to produce ultrafine‐grained (UFG) sheet materials with high potential for light weight constructions. The ARB process offers a high flexibility for tailored material design. Al2O3 particles, carbon fibers and titanium foils are used as reinforcement of aluminum sheets introduced during accumulative roll bonding. Furthermore multicomponent materials are produced by cladding of different aluminum alloys. These sandwich‐like structures allow to combine desired properties of the materials involved. Post‐ARB heat treatment offers another possibility for tailoring materials properties of graded structures as shown by formation of TiAl3 in Al/Ti laminates. The tailored materials are investigated by means of SEM, EDX, nanoindentation experiments and tensile testing.
Triplet Exciton and Polaron Dynamics in Phosphorescent Dye Blended Polymer Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Lee Chang‐Lyoul , Hwang In‐Wook , Byeon Clare Chisu , Kim Bok Hyeon , Greenham Neil C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe triplet exciton and polaron dynamics in phosphorescent dye (PtOEP) blended polymer (MEH‐PPV) photovoltaic devices are investigated by quasi‐steady‐state photo‐induced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy. According to the low‐temperature PIA and photoluminescence (PL) results, the increase in strength of the triplet‐triplet (T1‐Tn) absorption of MEH‐PPV in the blend system originates from the triplet‐triplet energy transfer from PtOEP to MEH‐PPV. The PtOEP blended MEH‐PPV/C60 bilayer photovoltaic device shows a roughly 30%–40% enhancement in photocurrent and power‐conversion efficiency compared to the device without PtOEP. However, in contrast to the bilayer device results, the bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices do not show a noticeable change in photocurrent and power‐conversion efficiency in the presence of PtOEP. The PIA intensity, originating from the polaron state, is only slightly higher (within the experimental error), indicating that carrier generation in the bulk heterojunction is not enhanced in the presence of PtOEP. The rate and probability of the exciton dissociation between PtOEP and PCBM is much faster and higher than that of the triplet‐triplet energy transfer between PtOEP and MEH‐PPV.
Incidence of myelodysplastic syndromes within a nonprofit healthcare system in western Washington state, 2005–2006
Authors: De Roos Anneclaire J. , Deeg H. Joachim , Onstad Lynn , Kopecky Kenneth J. , Bowles Erin J. Aiello , Yong Mellissa , Fryzek Jon , Davis Scott 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) incidence is unclear because of historical lack of population‐based registration and possibly because of underdiagnosis. We conducted a study to evaluate completeness of MDS registration in the Seattle‐Puget Sound region of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program—which has reported the highest rates among the SEER registries since mandatory reporting of MDS began in 2001. We identified incident MDS cases of any age that occurred within a nonprofit healthcare system in western Washington State in 2005 or 2006 through the local SEER registry or by relevant diagnostic code followed by medical chart review to classify these patients as unlikely, possible, or definite/probable MDS. We calculated age‐standardized incidence rates for all identified MDS cases and for case groups based on identification method, and we summarized medical histories of the MDS patients. MDS incidence in our study population was estimated as 7.0 per 100,000 person‐years in 2005–2006 when combining MDS cases identified by SEER and definite/probable cases identified by chart review, which was similar to the rate of 6.9 reported by our local SEER registry. The addition of possible MDS cases identified from chart review increased the rate to 10.2 per 100,000. MDS patients frequently had previous cancer diagnoses (25%) and comorbidities such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Our investigation suggests that although reporting of confirmed MDS diagnoses in our region appears complete, MDS incidence is likely underestimated because of omission of cases who are symptomatic but do not receive definitive diagnoses. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Orbitofacial Glands of Bats: An Investigation of the Potential Correlation of Gland Structure with Social Organization
Authors: Rehorek Susan J. , Smith Timothy D. , Bhatnagar Kunwar P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe facial glands of bats are modified skin glands, whereas there are up to three different orbital glands: Harderian, lacrimal, and Meibomian glands. Scattered studies have described the lacrimal and Meibomian glands in a handful of bat species, but there is as yet no description of a Harderian gland in bats. In this study we examined serial sections of orbitofacial glands in eight families of bats. Much variation amongst species was observed, with few phylogenetic patterns emerging. Enlarged facial glands, either sudoriparous (five genera) or sebaceous (vespertilionids only) were observed. Meibomian and lacrimal glands were present in most species examined (exceptAntrozous), though the relative level of development varied. Two types of anterior orbital glands were distinguished: the Harderian gland (tubulo‐acinar: observed inRousettus,Atribeus,DesmodusandMiniopterus) and caruncular (sebaceous: observed inEptesicusandDieamus). The relative development of the nasolacrimal duct and the vomeronasal organ did not appear to be correlated with the development of any of the exocrine glands examined. There does, however, appear to be a correlation between the presence of at least one well developed exocrine gland and the level of communality and known olfactory acuity, best documented inArtibeus,Desmodus, andMiniopterus. Anat Rec 293:1433–1448, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is It or Isn't It? A Reexamination of the Anterior Orbital Glands of the Fat‐Tailed Dunnart Sminthopsis Crassicaudata (Dasyuridae: Marsupiala) and a Reevaluation of Definitions for the Harderian Gland
Authors: Rehorek S.J. , Hillenius W.J. , Leigh C. , Firth B.T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe anterior orbital glands of tetrapods, which include the Harderian and nictitans glands, can usually be differentiated either anatomically (nictitans gland is more anterior) or histochemically (Harderian gland secretes lipids). However, conflicting statements exist in the literature about the presence and identity of these glands. Two previous studies on Sminthopsis crassicaudata (Dasyuridae: Marsupiala) either failed to note any anterior ocular glands or used no histochemical analyses. This study reexamined the structure of the anterior orbital glands of S. crassicaudata. Histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural examination revealed three glandular units: two of which are located superficially in the nictitating membrane, the third lying deeper in the connective tissue. The ducts of these three glandular units all open onto the corneal aspect of the nictitating membrane. These cells contain mainly serous granules with sparse intracellular lipid droplets. The nomenclature of these structures depends upon the definition used. According to the anatomical definition, S. crassicaudata has two glands: anteriorly the nictitans and posteriorly the Harderian gland. In contrast, if the histochemical definition is used, there is only one gland, but its precise identity cannot be confirmed until the role of the lipid droplets is established. Moreover, the histochemical definition poses additional problems with respect to the mechanism of secretion, multiple secretions, and glandular plasticity. Finally, the unitary definition identifies one deeply subdivided gland with an anterior and a posterior lobe in S. crassicaudata. This last definition is broad enough to accommodate a wide level of anatomical variation in the anterior ocular glands of tetrapods. Anat Rec 293:1449–1454, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.