bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies in the Genus Digitalis: Part VI. Variations in Glycosidal Content of British Clones ofDigitalis purpurea
Authors: Rowson J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Seeds of wild Digitalis purpurea from 150 different areas in 20 counties of Great Britain have been collected; weight of 100 seeds was 3.5–8.6–11.6 mg. Each batch of seed, regarded as a clone, was grown under uniform conditions and leaf collected from both first year and second year plants. Glycosidal content of each leaf sample, drawn from 8 plants within the clone, was estimated using 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and results expressed as u./g. by comparison with the Standard Preparation of Prepared Digitalis. Values for clones were: first year 9.8–13.7–18.9 u./g.; second year 3.1–7.6–11.4 u./g. Clone values for dried leaf yielded per plant were: first year 38–79–137 g.; second year 12–23–47 g. The weight of parent seed does not affect the yield of leaf or its activity (first year); nor is leaf activity affected by leaf yield (first year). A positive relation existed for first and second year leaf activity values for each clone and suggested genetical control of activity.
The Strength of Compressed Tablets: Part I. The Measurement of Tablet Strength and its Relation to Compression Forces
Authors: Shotton E , Ganderton D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A motorised single-punch eccentric tablet machine has been fitted with instruments to measure the forces operating during the compression cycle. Apparatus has also been designed to measure the resistance to crushing of the final compact. Sodium chloride was compressed at varying pressures and the relationship between compaction forces, ejection force, strength and voidage investigated.
The Emulsifying Properties of Gum Acacia
Authors: Shotton E , Wibberley K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The quantity of potassium arabate required to stabilise as an emulsion a known volume of a hydrocarbon oil has been determined and an estimate of the dimensions of the interfacial film made. The gum acacia remaining in the washed emulsion is held strongly at the oil: water interface and is not yielded to the bulk of the aqueous phase.
Rheology of Acacia-Stabelised Emulsions
Authors: Shotton E , White R F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The flow behaviour of emulsions of benzene and two paraffin oils in acacia solutions has been examined. The concentration of acacia had little effect on the relative viscosity, and the viscosity of the oil none. Emulsion viscosity increased with the volume fraction of oil which also led to an increased deviation from Newtonian flow. Evidence of thixotropy was not found in these emulsions. The chemical nature of the oil has a great influence on the viscosity and the differences are explained in terms of the characteristics of the interfacial film.
Mould Spore Suspensions and Powders for use in Fungicidal Kinetic Studies: Part I. Preliminary Experiments withRhizopus nigricansandPenicillium digitatum
Authors: Brown M R W , Bullock Kenneth 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Reproducible colony counts of spore suspensions of Rhizopus nigricans and Penicillium digitatum have been obtained on a malt medium containing 0.02 per cent rose bengal. Spores of these organisms suspended in different strengths of Ringer's solution and stored at 1.4° lost viability after a lag of up to 2 days. A spray-dried peptone powder containing evenly distributed R. nigricans spores has been prepared without loss of viability of the spores.
Mould Spore Suspensions and Powders for use in Fungicidal Kinetic Studies: Part II. Preparations usingPenicillium spinuloswn
Authors: Gerrard H N , Harkiss Ann V , Bullock Kenneth 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Spore suspensions of Penicillium spinuloswn have been prepared containing over 99.0 per cent single spores in an even distribution. About 80 per cent of the spores were able both to produce germ tubes and to form colonies in a roll-tube. A peptone powder containing an even distribution of spores has been prepared. The viable count of the powder did not show a significant fall during 5 months storage. The suspension has been successfully used to study the sporicidal and fungistatic activities of chlorocresol solutions.
A Shorter Sterilising Cycle for Solutions Heated in an Autoclave
Authors: Wilkinson G R , Peacock F G , Robins E L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The rapid cooling of bottles in an autoclave after steam sterilisation has been investigated. A coarse cold water spray caused breakage by thermal shock, whereas a fine spray prevented this. The time of cooling using this method has been compared with the usual cooling cycle and with that achieved when air was circulated in the chamber. Experimental data for a steriliser containing a charge of 200 × 1 litre bottles is given.
The Determination of N-Values for Some Amino-Acridines by Controlled Potential Coulometric Reduction
Authors: Wilson F P , Butler C G , Ingle P H B , Taylor H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The reduction of some aminoacridines has been investigated by controlled potential coulometry. The number of electrons involved in the first reduction stage has been determined by a graphical treatment of the current-time values obtained using a divided electrolysis cell. With the exception of 5-aminoacridine the results confirm the values obtained indirectly by Kaye5.
Preparation of a 35S Labelled Trimeprazine Tartrate Sustained Action Product for its Evaluation in Man
Authors: Rosen Earl , Swintosky Joseph V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Multi-pellet sustained action capsules containing radiochemically labelled drug were prepared by a pan coating procedure. Pellets of varying lipid thickness were prepared, and mixed in different proportions to obtain products having variable in vitro release characteristics. Capsules were prepared from these pellets for administration to man. Oral doses of 5 mg. of labelled trimeprazine were given in a non-sustained release form at 0, 4, and 8 hours. Other subjects received single 15 mg. oral doses of labelled trimeprazine in sustained action capsules. The 35S activity was determined in blood and urine at selected times. Sustained action capsules were prepared which when evaluated in man gave data for 35S activity in blood and urine which were comparable to that observed for three divided doses of non-sustained release drug administered at 0, 4, and 8 hours.
The Assimilation and Elimination of Iron Administered Orally to the Dog as Ferrous Isoascorbate and Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate
Authors: Rapson H D C , Lewis A A G , Coops Jean M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Radioisotopically labelled iron as ferrous ammonium sulphate or ferrous isoascorbate has been orally administered to dogs. The movement and excretion of the iron has been followed by examination of plasma, faeces and urine samples. There is a maximum in the plasma iron at approximately 1 hour after dosing. Between 2 and 15 per cent of the iron is not recovered in the faeces and no trace is found in the urine. The maximum plasma iron level attained appears, from the limited data obtained, to be linearly related to the amount administered. There is no significant difference between the two forms used. A feature of the work is the use of a simple method to assay the faecal activity, which is described.
The Size, Shape and Hydration of Cetomacrogol 1000 Micelles
Authors: Elworthy P H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Cetomacrogol solutions have been studied by three techniques. The micellar weight in water has been found from light-scattering experiments to be 101,000; the micelles appear to be spherical. Viscosity measurements can be interpreted in terms of micellar hydration, and 1.96 g. water appear to hydrate 1 g. of cetomacrogol. A similar amount of hydration (1.92 g. water per g. cetomacrogol) can be calculated from the diffusion coefficient. A check on the micellar weight was obtained from the diffusion and viscosity results, giving 96,000, in good agreement with the result from light-scattering.
Potential Reserpine Analogues: Part II. 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Karim M A , Linnell W H , Sharp L K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Seven derivatives of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid have been prepared and tested for their ability to potentiate barbiturate hypnosis in mice, to deplete the 5-hydroxytryptamine content of rat brain, and to exert a hypotensive action on the cat blood pressure. The only derivative to exert all three actions is the simple anilide, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzanilide, which is about 8 times less active than reserpine. The anilide, N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzamide, is also about 8 times less active than reserpine in the first two tests but it raises the blood pressure.
Observations on the Mechanism of Action of Tranquillisers—A Study of their Effect on Monoamine Oxidase, d- AND l-AMINO ACID OXIDASES AND CATALASE
Authors: Bose B C , Vijayvargiya R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of eight tranquillisers, widely differing chemically, on monoamine and l-amino acid oxidases of liver, d-amino acid oxidase of kidney and the catalase of liver, have been investigated. Reserpine was found to stimulate d- and l-amino acid oxidases and to inhibit monoamine oxidase. Rescinnamine was much less effective in this respect. Phenothiazine derivatives showed significant inhibitory action on the catalase activity. Benactyzine and diphenhydramine had a mild inhibitory action on monoamine oxidase while meprobamate and mephenesin did not show any effect.
On the Interfacial Tension Between Gelatin and Sodium Alginate Solutions and Benzene: Part I. Effect of Time and Concentration on Interfacial Tension
Authors: Shotton E , Kalyan K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A cell is described for determining both surface and interfacial tensions by the sessile drop method. The interfacial tension between gelatin solution or sodium alginate solution and benzene has been determined. Both substances lowered the interfacial tension, the gelatin attained equilibrium quickly. Both tension-concentration curves were similar in shape. It is suggested that a condensed multilayer having the physical properties required to stabilise emulsions, is built up immediately below the surface.
A Study of Bacteriological Media the Examination of Proteose-Peptone
Authors: Habeeb A F S A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The free and total amino acid content of three batches of Proteose-Peptone is presented. The presence of hydroxyproline and the high content of glycine and alanine suggest that a part of the protein used in the manufacture belongs to collagen. The three batches have shown similar strepogenin activity.
A Note on the Colorimetric Assay of Cortisone and Hydrocortisone
Authors: Ansari Sultana , Khan Riaz Ahmed 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A colorimetric method of estimation of cortisone and hydrocortisone in pharmaceutical preparations using 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol has been simplified in its details of procedure and compared with the tetrazolium method. Preparations of cortisone and hydrocortisone containing penicillin, streptomycin and neomycin have also been examined.
On the Pharmacology of Petaline Chloride, A Convulsant Alkaloid from Leontice Leontopetalum Linn
Authors: Ahmad K , Lewis J J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The alkaloid petaline chloride, obtained from extracts of Leontice leontopetalum Linn. is a more potent convulsant poison than leptazol. At lower dose levels it appears to reduce the convulsant activity of leptazol and apparently gives some protection from electrically induced seizures. Petaline chloride depresses both the patellar tendon reflex and the crossed extension reflex; it also has muscle relaxant activity and increases the rate, force and amplitude of the beat of the isolated auricle depressed in a low calcium medium. These properties are discussed in relation to its use in folk medicine.
The Stability of Oily Cream B.P
Authors: Clark E W , Kitchen G F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Oxidation of Wool Alcohols B.P. in stored Oily Cream B.P. is insignificant and does not affect the stability of the cream, but the method of preparation, and the amount of autoxidation in the wool alcohols used in making the cream, do affect stability. Storage of wool alcohols before use, as a mixture with Liquid Paraffin B.P. or Liquid Lanolin “60” (a solvent segregation product of Anydrous Lanolin) greatly reduces autoxidation. Liquid Lanolin “60” also acts as an auxiliary emulsifier and imparts stability. Modifications to the official method of preparation are suggested.
The Critical Micelle Concentration of Cetomacrogol 1000
Authors: Elworthy P H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The critical micelle concentration of cetomacrogol has been determined by the iodine and solubilisation methods, and also from surface tension measurements. Results from the three methods were 0.0070, 0.006 to 0.008, and 0.0063 per cent respectively. The presence of sodium chloride in the solutions decreased the critical micelle concentration. From surface tension data, an area per molecule at the air: water interface of approximately 120Å2was calculated.
The Contribution of Surface Characters to the Wettability of Leaves
Authors: Challen S B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method of preparing carnauba wax positive replicas of leaf surfaces is described and these have been used with other techniques to study some of the factors which govern the wetting of leaves by water. Leaves from four species of plants were used. It was found that macroscopic surface roughness was the chief factor preventing the wetting of Festuca pratensis. The contribution of surface chemistry and surface roughness is discussed also for results obtained with leaves of Agropyron repens and two species of Papaver.
The Oxidation of Solubilised and Emulsified Oils
Authors: Carless J E , Nixon J R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Oxidation rates of aqueous dispersions of methyl linoleate emulsified and solubilised by potassium laurate and cetomacrogol, have been measured manometrically at 40°. Emulsions of methyl linoleate oxidised at a greater rate than solutions. The relation between concentration of surface-active agent and oxidation rate of emulsions is complex, and appears to depend on the relative amounts of emulsified and solubilised oil present. Poor agreement was obtained between oxidation rates calculated from peroxide values, chemical and polarographic, and those calculated from oxygen uptake. The results are discussed. An increase in light absorption at 234 mμ in the early stages of oxidation was observed. An uptake of 2.5 mol. oxygen per mol. of methyl linoleate was estimated to occur during the primary oxidation reaction in the presence of cetomacrogol, and 1.5 mol. oxygen per mol. of methyl linoleate in potassium laurate dispersions. The possible mechanism of the reaction and the nature of the oxidation by-products are discussed.
A Note on the Presence of Noradrenaline and 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Plantain (Musa Sapientum, Var. Paradisiaca)
Authors: Foy J M , Parratt J R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine are present in the fruit of Musa sapientum, var. paradisiaca (Plantain), which forms a staple food of many inhabitants of West Africa. The amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline are highest when the fruit is ripe. An estimated daily intake of 10 mg. of 5-hydroxytryptamine by West Africans has little apparent effect on the normal functioning of the intestinal tract.
The Effect of Corticosteroid Analogues on the Thymus Gland of the Immature Rat
Authors: Stephenson N R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The thymolytic activity of hydrocortisone (cortisol) was increased approximately 9-fold by the introduction of a fluorine atom at either the 6α- or the 9α-position. The substitution of a methyl group in the α-position at carbons 2, 6 or 16, with one exception, enhanced the ability of the corticosteroid to involute the thymus gland 3- to 4-fold. The only exception was noted when a methyl group at carbon 2 failed to increase the potency of fludrocortisone (9α-fluorohydrocortisone acetate). The formation of a double bond at the 5,6-position of the steroid molecule consistently decreased the thymolytic activity. Although the addition of an hydroxyl group in the α-position at carbon 16 decreased the relative potency of the corticosteroids, the formation of the 16α, 17α-acetonide derivative markedly enhanced it.
Studies in the Field of Diuretics
Authors: Boggiano B G , Petrow V , Stephenson O , Wild A M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The symmetrical benzene-1,3-disulphonalkylamides described herein are found to be virtually devoid of carbonic anhydrase inhibiting activity. Certain dialkylamides nevertheless retain significant diuretic activity, which is consequently regarded as an intrinsic property of the 1,3-disulphamylbenzene ring system and not as solely an expression of carbonic anhydrase inhibiting activity.
An Investigation of the Alkaloids of Some British Species of Equisetum
Authors: Phillipson J D , Melville C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The alkaloids nicotine and palustrine have been separated from authentic mixtures by paper partition chromatography, paper electrophoresis and the use of buffered cellulose columns. These techniques were applied to extracts of E. arvense, E. telmateia and E. sylvaticum from the last two of which no alkaloids have previously been isolated. Nicotine was found in all three species but palustrine was not detected.
Intermediates for the Synthesis of Analogues of Adrenal Cortical Hormones
Authors: Coles L E , Gandhi V S , Mathieson D W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Previous assignments on mechanistic grounds of the stereochemistry of trans-6-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4,5-benzindane have been confirmed by degradation of a precursor to the known trans-2-carboxycyclopentane acetic acid. 1,6-dioxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4,5-benzindane has been shown to suffer autoöxidation in alkaline solution to yield 6-hydroxy-1-oxo-4,5-benzindane.
A Technique for the Evaluation of Emulsion Stability
Authors: Saski Witold , Malone Marvin H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An economical sampling and statistical treatment has been developed for screening the stability of experimental fat emulsion formulations. Coalescence or progressive increase in mean globule diameter with passage of time was interpreted to indicate physical instability. The test technique attempts to efficiently extract reliable data from a relative minimum of man hours and materials per test formulation. The counting and measuring of 100–200 globules per determination was considered to be adequate.
The Colorimetric Determination of Santonin in Artemisia
Authors: Khan Riaz Ahmed , Mohiuddin Hasan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A new colorimetric method for the estimation of santonin in artemisia using hydroxylamine and ferric chloride has been evolved and compared with a gravimetric and a volumetric method. Improvements in the method of extraction of santonin have also been proposed.
Mevalonic Acid as A Precursor in the Biogenesis of Digitoxigenin
Authors: Ramstad Egil , Beal Jack L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
(±)-Mevalonic acid-2-14C has been injected into a growing plant of Digitalis lanata L. to test if this acid serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of cardenolides. After nine days a portion of the leaves was extracted and the constituents submitted to paper chromatography followed by autoradiography. The carbon 14 was detected in the lipid fraction and in the cardiac glycoside spots, but mostly in an area containing an as yet unidentified compound. Of the two glycosides forming the major glycoside area, one was predominant and, as after Mannich hydrolysis and chromatography, glucose, digitoxose and digitoxigenin were identified, this corresponds to lanatoside A. The aglycone fraction contained the radioactivity.
The Biological Assay of Rauwolfia Schueli
Authors: Cabut Martha , Saiger George L , Fasciolo Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The biological effects of Rauwolfia schueli are essentially the same as those of the pure alkaloid reserpine and the crude compound R. serpentina in the rat. No difference in relative potency between the small and large roots of large trees of the R. schueli species was apparent when either reserpine or R. serpentina was employed as the standard. R. schueli was estimated to be about 1/630 as active as reserpine. In terms of reserpine-like activity, this species appeared to be more potent than R. serpentina and by comparison with the results of others about as potent as R. canescens but more potent than R. heterophylla. Within the range of doses selected, blood pressure did not appear to be an adequate index for measuring reserpine-like activity in the rat.
Isotonicity of Fructose, Galactose and Mannose Solutions
Authors: Menczel E , Rabinovitz M , Goldberg Y 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A haemolytic method has been used for the determination of the isotonic concentrations of dextrose, fructose, galactose and mannose. Fructose, galactose and mannose produce haemolytic effects deviating from those of dextrose. The isotonic concentration in mM per cent of fructose was found to be 20.3; of galactose, 38.9; of mannose, 33.3; whereas that of dextrose is 26 mM per cent.
A Diffusion Cell for the Production of Very Sharp Boundaries
Authors: Elworthy P H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A diffusion cell for the production of very sharp boundaries between aqueous liquids is described, and the Δt correction can be eliminated in most instances. The cell has been tested with substances whose diffusion coefficients are known. Some results for the diffusion of cetomacrogol 1,000 in water are reported.
The Importance of Extinction Ratios in the Spectrophotometric Analysis of Mixtures of Two Known Absorbing Substances
Authors: Glenn A L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The accuracy obtainable from Vierordt's method largely depends upon the establishment of numerical coefficients, which apply to the analyst's own instrument at the time of analysis. For the special case of a two component mixture, the method has been formulated in terms of extinction ratios, which can be determined from solutions of unknown concentration—so facilitating the task of obtaining up-to-date numerical coefficients. A further development of the same formulation has led to a simple theoretical criterion, which enables the analyst to avoid pairs of wavelengths and concentration ratios that are unsatisfactory for precision. This criterion has been tested in an unfavourable application of the method. A procedure for choosing the best pair of wavelengths is described in detail.
The value of this new formulation and criterion of precision is discussed with special reference to a general procedure for the assay of injections which contain absorbing bacteriostatics. Any assay for a two component mixture depends upon some difference between the two components and in this respect Vierordt's method appears to be less exacting than the average quantitative separation process. For this reason, it seems to have greater scope than the latter.