bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Events From Cough and Cold Medications After a Market Withdrawal of Products Labeled for Infants
Authors: Shehab Nadine , Schaefer Melissa K. , Kegler Scott R. , Budnitz Daniel S. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:
A voluntary market withdrawal of orally administered, over-the-counter, infant cough and cold medications (CCMs) was announced in October 2007. The goal of this study was to assess CCM-related adverse events (AEs) among children after the withdrawal.

METHODS:
Emergency department (ED) visits for CCM-related AEs among children &lt;12 years of age were identified from a nationally representative, stratified, probability sample of 63 US EDs, for the 14 months before and after announcement of withdrawal.

RESULTS:
After withdrawal, the number and proportion of estimated ED visits for CCM-related AEs involving children &lt;2 years of age were less than one-half of those in the prewithdrawal period (1248 visits [13.3%] vs 2790 visits [28.7%]; difference: −15.4% [95% confidence interval [CI]: −25.9% to −5.0%]), whereas the overall number of estimated ED visits for CCM-related AEs for children &lt;12 years of age remained unchanged (9408 visits [95% CI: 6874–11 941 visits] vs 9727 visits [95% CI: 6649–12 805 visits]). During both periods, two-thirds of estimated ED visits involved unsupervised ingestions (ie, children finding and ingesting medications).

CONCLUSIONS:
ED visits for CCM-related AEs among children &lt;2 years of age were substantially reduced after withdrawal of over-the-counter infant CCMs. Further reductions likely will require packaging improvements to reduce harm from unsupervised ingestions and continued education about avoiding CCM use for young children. Monitoring of CCM-related harm should continue because recommendations were updated in October 2008 to avoid the use of CCMs for children &lt;4 years of age.
Chlorhexidine Controlled‐Release Profile After EDTA Root Surface Etching: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Gamal Ahmed Y. , Kumper Radi M. , Sadek Hesham S. , El Destawy Mahmoud T. 
Published: November 2010

Background: The main objective of the present study was to quantify chlorhexidine (CHX) release after the use of CHX‐EDTA root surface treatment as a local‐delivery antimicrobial vehicle.Methods: Twenty non‐smoking patients clinically diagnosed as having moderate‐to‐severe chronic periodontitis were selected to participate in this study. After cause‐related therapy, one site in every patient received defect overfill with CHX gel 2% (20 sites). In addition, twenty contralateral sites received defect fill of CHX gel after 3 minutes of 24% EDTA gel root surface etching (20 sites). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days post‐therapy.Results: The CHX‐EDTA group showed statistically significantly higher levels of CHX than those of the control group at 1, 3, and 7 days. At 14 days, the CHX‐EDTA group showed 0.8 mg/mL values.Conclusion: The use of CHX‐EDTA root surface treatment as a local‐delivery antimicrobial improves CHX substantivity.
Sinus Floor Elevation Via the Maxillary Premolar Extraction Socket With Immediate Implant Placement: A Case Series
Authors: Kolhatkar Shilpa , Bhola Monish , Thompson‐Sloan Tamika N. 
Published: November 2010

Background: When immediate implant placement is considered for teeth with close proximity to the sinus floor, apical extension of the osteotomy is significantly limited, and often a staged approach is used. Implant placement into fresh extraction sockets and sinus floor manipulation using bone‐added osteotome sinus floor elevation with implant placement are techniques most often used independently or sequentially. Very few reports have described the combined use of immediate implant placement in fresh sockets and the bone‐added osteotome sinus floor elevation technique.Methods: We present five cases in which a maxillary premolar was extracted and an implant placed into the extraction site with simultaneous abfracture of the sinus floor using osteotomes. All teeth were extracted atraumatically, and sockets carefully debrided and checked for integrity of the walls. After ideal osteotomy preparation, particulate bone graft was placed in the osteotomy and appropriately sized osteotomes were used for sinus floor elevation. After sufficient elevation, implant placement was completed and particulate bone was packed in the bone–implant gap when indicated.Results: All implants were restored after a minimum healing period of 6 months. At the time of final restoration, bone was seen surrounding the implants from the apical portion to the most coronal thread. All five implants healed without complications and were in function for periods ranging from 6 to 12 months.Conclusions: Immediate implant placement with simultaneous osteotome sinus floor elevation is an advantageous combination of two successfully used techniques. This combined approach can significantly reduce the treatment time for implant therapy in teeth with close sinus proximity and provide the operator with the ability to place implants of desired length.
„Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland?
Authors: Heller Krzysztof 
Published: November 2010

„Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland?
The results of a research on segetal weed communities in fibre flax in Poland are presented, with respect to different regions of cultivation, and changes in the level of infestation during the past forty years. Observations on composition and abundance of weed infestations were made in fields in six experimental farms at the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants. The observations conducted in the period 1967-2008 did not show the occurrence of weed species from the group of so-called "flax specialists": Lolium remotum Schrank, Spergula arvensis L. subsp. maxima (Weiche) O. Schwarz, Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. and Cuscuta epilinum Weihe Ex Boenn. In Poland, weed populations in fibre flax consist of species typical for cereals and root crops: Chenopodium album L., Polygonum convolvulus L., Viola arvensis Murr., Stellaria media Vill., Lamium amplexicaule L., Thlaspi arvense L., Elymus repens (L.) Gould, and Polygonum nodosum Pers.
Chemical diversity of silverweed (Potentilla anserinal L.) growing at the edges of arable fields
Authors: Angielczyk Mirosław , Bączek Katarzyna , Geszprych Anna , Przybył Jarosław , Węglarz Zenon 
Published: November 2010

Chemical diversity of silverweed (Potentilla anserinal L.) growing at the edges of arable fields
The medicinal usage of silverweed herb (Anserinae herba) is primarily related to the presence of phenolic compounds. Three populations of silverweed (Potentilla anserina L.) occurring at the edges of arable fields in Podlasie area (north-eastern Poland) were compared in respect of the content and composition of phenolics. Herb collected from the investigated populations differed in the content of determined compounds. The tannin content was very low (0.81-0.91%). The total flavonoid content ranged from 0.48 to 0.60%. Phenolic acid content was much higher (1.38-2.26%). Three flavan-3-ols: (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and (-)-epigallocatechin, four flavonol glycosides: rutoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, as well as one phenolic acid (ellagic acid) were identified as a result of HPLC analysis of methan-olic extracts from the investigated raw materials. The most considerable differences between populations concerned the content of (+)-catechin (87.0-199.3 mg x 100 g-1), (-)-epigallocatechin (141.9-290.6 mg x 100 g-1), and rutoside (192.3-386.0 mg x 100 g-4) in herb.
Therapeutic plants found in agrocenoses of the middle Vistula River Valley mesoregion
Authors: Ługowska Maria , Skrzyczyńska Janina , Skrajna Teresa 
Published: November 2010

Therapeutic plants found in agrocenoses of the middle Vistula River Valley mesoregion
Studies on the segetal flora of the Middle Vistula River Valley mesoregion were carried out between 2003 and 2006 in cereal and potato crops and in stubble fields (117 localities). A total of 184 medicinal vascular plant species were noted in the studied agrocenoses. Native plants (68%) dominated over species brought to Poland (32%). Hemicryptophytes (83 spp.), therophytes (74 spp.) and geophytes (26 spp.) were the most numerous groups of life forms. Perennials (55%) prevailed over short-lived plants (45%). Very rare and rare species (61%) built up the most numerous group of species. Their populations usually consisted of single specimens. Only a few of the medicinal plant species occured as larger populations. They were Aphanes arvensis, Stellaria media and Galium aparine in cereals, Equisetum arvense, Stellaria media, Chenopodium album, Elymus repens, Plantago major, Polygonum amphibium, Mentha arvensis, Plantago intermedia, Polygonum hydropiper and Gypsophila muralis in stubble fields, as well as Stellaria media in potato cultivations.
Nonlinear response of a harmonically driven oscillator in magnetic field
Authors: Przybyłowicz Piotr , Szmidt Tomasz 
Published: November 2010

Nonlinear response of a harmonically driven oscillator in magnetic fieldThe paper presents analysis of nonlinear response of a classical mechanical oscillator placed within a magnetic field and driven by a harmonic force. With an appropriate choice of control parameters, the system vibrates chaotically between different equilibrium positions. To prove this result, Lyapunov exponents have been calculated using the algorithm proposed by Rangarajan G., Habib S. and Ryne R. [18]. Moreover, the appropriate time series, phase portrait, Poincaré cross-section and power spectrum are given to support the conclusion.
Evaluation of the Shunt Active Power Filter apparent power ratio using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Kouzou A. , Mahmoudi M. , Boucherit M. 
Published: November 2010

Evaluation of the Shunt Active Power Filter apparent power ratio using particle swarm optimizationThe main objective of this present paper is the study of the Shunt Active Power Filter (APF) compensations capability for different perturbations in AC power system such as current unbalance, phase shift current and undesired harmonics generated by nonlinear load and/or by the power system voltage. This capability is determined by the maximum rate of the apparent power that can be delivered. This study is based on the definition of the effective apparent power as defined in IEEE 1459-2000 which was proved to be the suitable amount to be concerned in the design process of different devices.
Reachability of linear hybrid systems described by the general model
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz , Rogowski Krzysztof 
Published: November 2010

Reachability of linear hybrid systems described by the general modelThe reachability of standard and positive hybrid linear systems described by the general model is addressed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the reachability of the standard general model are established. Sufficient condition is given for the reachability of positive hybrid system described by the general model. The considerations are illustrated by numerical examples.
Backstepping/DTC control of a double star synchronous machine drive
Authors: Boudana D. , Nezli L. , Tlemçani A. , Mahmoudi M. , Djemai M. , Tadjine M. 
Published: November 2010

Backstepping/DTC control of a double star synchronous machine driveDirect torque control (DTC) allows for very high quality torque control without a need for current controllers tuning or using coordinate transformation. However, barge torque ripples arise as well as inconstant inverter switching frequency due to the hysteresis of comparators. This paper present a backstepping/DTC control based on the space vector modulation (SVPWM) for double star synchronous machine (DSSM) to reduce the torque, flux, current and speed pulsations during steady state. By the coordinate transformation the DSSM models are presented in view of control. Then a conventional DTC is developed to get a decoupled system and a PI controller is designed to control the speed. To improve the static and dynamic control performance of the DSSM, the speed controller is designed using a backstepping/DTC procedure in conjunction with SVPWM. Simulation results with the conventional DTC and proposed backstepping/DTC are presented and compared. Results show the effectiveness and the robustness of the approach proposed.
Phospholipase C Beta 1 Expression in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex from Patients with Schizophrenia at Different Stages of Illness
Authors: Udawela Madhara , Scarr Elizabeth , Hannan Anthony J. , Thomas Elizabeth A. , Dean Brian 
Published: November 2010

Objective: Our recent microarray study detected decreases in the expression of phospholipase C beta 1 mRNA in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from subjects with schizophrenia at different stages of illness. Thus we aimed to validate and extend these findings.Method: We measured levels of mRNA and protein for phospholipase C beta 1 variant a and b using real-time PCR and western blot analysis, respectively, in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from subjects with schizophrenia, who had a short (< 7 years) or long (> 22 years) duration of illness.Results: Compared to age/sex matched controls, levels of phospholipase C beta 1 variant a and b mRNAs were decreased (−33% and −50%, respectively) in short duration schizophrenia. By contrast, only variant a mRNA was decreased (−24%) in long duration schizophrenia. There was no significant difference in the protein levels of either phospholipase C beta 1 variant in schizophrenia, irrespective of duration of illness (variant a; P = 0.84, variant b; P = 0.73).Conclusion: Our data confirm that phospholipase C beta 1 transcript levels are decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from subjects with schizophrenia. However, the changes in levels of mRNA do not translate into a change at the level of protein. It is possible protein expression is regulated independently of mRNA and it remains to be determined whether there is a functional consequence of this change in mRNA relating to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Syntactic differences in oral and written scientific discourse: the role of information structure
Authors: Carter-Thomas Shirley , Rowley-Jolivet Elizabeth 
Published: November 2010

Nous examinerons dans cet article certaines différences syntaxiques qui se profilent à partir d’une comparaison entre une série de communications scientifiques orales faites par des chercheurs scientifiques anglophones lors d’un congrès de physique et les articles de recherche correspondant à ces communications, publiés dans les Actes du même congrès. Notre objectif n’est pas seulement de fournir un inventaire de ces différences mais également d’en proposer quelques explications. À notre avis, une analyse des différences syntaxiques relevées dans ces deux genres de discours scientifiques peut bénéficier d’une réflexion sur la notion linguistique de structuration informationnelle. Une telle approche permet en effet de cerner de plus près l’influence du contexte énonciatif sur les formes syntaxiques employées. Nous examinerons en particulier l’utilisation de quatre structures syntaxiques : l’extra-position, les énoncés existentiels, les inversions et les pseudo-clivées
Communication in the void and communication avoided: a case study of on-line language teaching
Authors: Boulton Alex , Booth Paul 
Published: November 2010

De plus en plus de cours traditionnels sont complétés par un enseignement en ligne. Ceci concerne tout particulièrement l’enseignement des langues qui a une longue histoire de recherches en didactique. Toutefois, les techniques requises dans la salle de classe ne ressemblent guère à celles nécessitées par un enseignement à distance ; par conséquent, l’adoption des nouvelles technologies n’est pas sans risque. Cet article portera surtout sur la communication par Internet et sur les différentes causes des malentendus. Quelle médiation est possible entre l’apprenant et l’enseignant dans l’abîme de l’Internet ? Quels sont les problèmes de communication les plus fréquents ? Et comment les éviter ? Ce sont quelques-unes des questions auxquelles nous nous adressons, en nous référant à une étude sur les pannes de communication en cours au Centre de Télé-enseignement - Université Nancy 2.
Aspects de la mise en œuvre d’un projet de langue mené par l’apprenant : la place de la sensibilisation
Authors: Boulon Joline 
Published: November 2010

Nous décrivons dans cette étude divers aspects de la mise en œuvre d’un projet de langue mené par l’apprenant, dans le cadre d’un enseignement intégré d’anglais pour spécialistes d’autres disciplines à l’université Lyon 1. Pour mener à bien son projet, l’apprenant doit être conduit à découvrir et analyser par lui-même les différentes formes et structures. Ceci est rendu possible par la sensibilisation construite par un dispositif de fiches guides décrivant des tâches et activités précisément adaptées à l’objectif.
Encadrer la médiation : le cas de la prononciation
Authors: Péchou Anne , Stenton Anthony 
Published: November 2010

La mémoire visuelle est la plus efficace des mémoires sensorielles, mais peut-elle aider les étudiants à améliorer leur prononciation de l’anglais ? Nous avons cherché à répondre à la question en utilisant un ensemble d’innovations typographiques à l’écran couplées à des enregistrements sonores numériques de qualité. Convaincre le public de l’étendue du problème à travers des vidéos de francophones parlant anglais, en affichant les fautes, n’était que la première étape. Le système auteur développé pour générer des exercices de classification est le fruit de plusieurs années de recherches sur la langue des sciences sociales, rassemblant dans un corpus deux types d'erreurs : discrimination voyelles/diphtongues, et place de l’accent tonique dans le mot. La validation précoce du prototype conçu pour l’auto-apprentissage et l’apprentissage à distance suggère des possibilités intéressantes pour aider à la remédiation et au diagnostic.
From whistle-blowing to high-powered rhetoric: the language of mediation in the 2000 U.S. presidential debates
Authors: Andréolle Donna 
Published: November 2010

Lors de chaque campagne électorale aux États-Unis, les débats télévisés des candidats à la Présidence et à la Vice-Présidence constituent des moments médiatiques importants. À l’opposé de la publicité électorale dans laquelle « tous les coups sont permis », le débat télévisuel répond à des critères très stricts : chaque format de débat impose aux participants des règles particulières allant de la position physique de chaque intervenant (assis, debout, etc.) au temps de parole et au droit (ou pas) de réponse. Dans cette communication, nous proposons d’étudier les différentes formes que prend la langue de la médiation, que ce soit celle du médiateur/journaliste à qui revient la tâche de gérer le déroulement des échanges, ou celle des candidats eux-mêmes qui participent activement à l’arbitrage et à la médiation du débat dans la lutte pour la meilleure image médiatique possible.
De la criminologie comme science appliquée et des discours mythiques sur la « multidisciplinarité » et « l’exception française »
Authors: Mucchielli Laurent 
Published: November 2010

L’objet de cet article est de montrer que la pluridisciplinarité est un discours mythique (irréel) qui se trouve démenti empiriquement à la fois par l’histoire des sciences en France et par l’observation un peu attentive des « modèles » étrangers généralement désignés, en particulier l’École de criminologie de Montréal. On comprend mieux dès lors pourquoi la criminologie ne peut exister qu’en tant que science appliquée et ne saurait être une science fondamentale. On contribue aussi, au fil de la démonstration, à une réflexion sur les conditions et les limites du dialogue interdisciplinaire au sein des sciences humaines et sociales.
A Novel Mechanism of Rapid Nuclear Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Response to Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pilsczek Florian H. , Salina Davide , Poon Karen K. H. , Fahey Candace , Yipp Bryan G. , Sibley Christopher D. , Robbins Stephen M. , Green Francis H. Y. , Surette Mike G. , Sugai Motoyuki , Bowden M. Gabriela , Hussain Muzaffar , Zhang Kunyan , Kubes Paul 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are webs of DNA covered with antimicrobial molecules that constitute a newly described killing mechanism in innate immune defense. Previous publications reported that NETs take up to 3–4 h to form via an oxidant-dependent event that requires lytic death of neutrophils. In this study, we describe neutrophils responding uniquely to Staphylococcus aureus via a novel process of NET formation that did not require neutrophil lysis or even breach of the plasma membrane. The multilobular nucleus rapidly became rounded and condensed. During this process, we observed the separation of the inner and outer nuclear membranes and budding of vesicles, and the separated membranes and vesicles were filled with nuclear DNA. The vesicles were extruded intact into the extracellular space where they ruptured, and the chromatin was released. This entire process occurred via a unique, very rapid (5–60 min), oxidant-independent mechanism. Mitochondrial DNA constituted very little if any of these NETs. They did have a limited amount of proteolytic activity and were able to kill S. aureus. With time, the nuclear envelope ruptured, and DNA filled the cytoplasm presumably for later lytic NET production, but this was distinct from the vesicular release mechanism. Panton–Valentine leukocidin, autolysin, and a lipase were identified in supernatants with NET-inducing activity, but Panton–Valentine leukocidin was the dominant NET inducer. We describe a new mechanism of NET release that is very rapid and contributes to trapping and killing of S. aureus.
CD8+CD122+ Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) and CD4+ Tregs Cooperatively Prevent and Cure CD4+ Cell-Induced Colitis
Authors: Endharti Agustina Tri , Okuno Yusuke , Shi Zhe , Misawa Nobuaki , Toyokuni Shinya , Ito Masafumi , Isobe Ken-ichi , Suzuki Haruhiko 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
We identified CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and demonstrated their importance in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and in the recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In this paper, we show that CD8+CD122+ Tregs effectively prevent and cure colitis in a mouse model. In our experiments, colitis was induced in lymphocyte-deficient RAG-2−/− mice by transferring CD4+CD45RBhigh cells that were excluded with CD4+ Tregs. Cotransfer of CD8+CD122+ cells clearly suppressed the development of colitis, and this suppressive effect was similar to that of CD4+CD45RBlow cells that were mostly CD4+ Tregs. CD8+CD122+ cells obtained from IL-10−/− mice were unable to suppress colitis, indicating that IL-10 is an important effect-transmitting factor in the suppression of colitis. CD8+CD122+ cells showed a suppressive effect when they were transferred 4 wk after CD4+CD45RBhigh cells, indicating the therapeutic potential of CD8+CD122+ cells. A mixture of CD8+CD122+ cells and CD4+CD45RBlow cells was far more effective than single Tregs, indicating the synergistic effect of these Tregs. These overall findings demonstrate the potential role of CD8+ Tregs, and possibly together with CD4+ Tregs, in the medical care of inflammatory bowel disease patients.