bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high dietary concentration of inulin is necessary to reduce the incidence of swine dysentery in pigs experimentally challenged withBrachyspira hyodysenteriae
Authors: Hansen Christian F. , Hernández Aracely , Mansfield Josie , Hidalgo Álvaro , La Tom , Phillips Nyree D. , Hampson David J. , Pluske John R. 
Published: June 2011

A total of sixty surgically castrated male pigs (Large White × Landrace) weighing 31·2 (sd4·3) kg were used in a randomised block experiment to examine the effect of added dietary inulin (0, 20, 40 and 80 g/kg) on the occurrence of swine dysentery (SD) and on fermentation characteristics in the large intestine after experimental challenge with the causative spirochaeteBrachyspira hyodysenteriae. The pigs were allowed to adapt to the diets for 2 weeks before each pig was challenged orally four times with a broth culture containingB. hyodysenteriaeon consecutive days. Increasing dietary levels of inulin linearly (P = 0·001) reduced the risk of pigs developing SD; however, eight out of fifteen pigs fed the diet with 80 g/kg inulin still developed the disease. The pH values in the caecum (P = 0·072) tended to decrease, and in the upper colon, the pH values did decrease (P = 0·047) linearly with increasing inulin levels in the diets, most probably due to a linear increase in the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the caecum (P = 0·018), upper colon (P = 0·001) and lower colon (P = 0·013). In addition, there was a linear reduction in the proportion of the branched-chain fatty acids isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the caecum (P = 0·015 and 0·026) and upper colon (P = 0·011 and 0·013) with increasing levels of dietary inulin. In conclusion, the present study showed that a diet supplemented with a high level of inulin (80 g/kg) but not lower levels reduced the risk of pigs developing SD, possibly acting through a modification of the microbial fermentation patterns in the large intestine.
Effect of the fat composition of a single high-fat meal on inflammatory markers in healthy young women
Authors: Myhrstad Mari C. W. , Narverud Ingunn , Telle-Hansen Vibeke H. , Karhu Toni , Bødtker Lund Daniel , Herzig Karl-Heinz , Makinen Markus , Halvorsen Bente , Retterstøl Kjetil , Kirkhus Bente , Granlund Linda , Holven Kirsten B. , Ulven Stine M. 
Published: June 2011

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a single high-fat meal with different fat quality on circulating inflammatory markers and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to elucidate the role of fat quality on postprandial inflammation. A postprandial study with fourteen healthy females consuming three test meals with different fat quality was performed. Test days were separated by 2 weeks. Fasting and postprandial blood samples at 3 and 6 h after intake were analysed. The test meal consisted of three cakes enriched with coconut fat (43 % energy as saturated fat and 1 % energy as α-linolenic acid (ALA)), linseed oil (14 % energy as ALA and 30 % energy as saturated fat) and cod liver oil (5 % energy as EPA and DHA and 5 % energy as ALA in addition to 31 % energy as saturated fat). In addition, ex vivo PBMC experiments were performed in eight healthy subjects investigating the effects of EPA and ALA on release and gene expression of inflammatory markers. The IL-8 mRNA level was significantly increased after intake of the cod liver oil cake at 6 h compared with fasting level, which was significantly different from the effect observed after the intake of linseed cake. In contrast, no effect was seen on circulating level of IL-8. In addition, ALA and EPA were shown to elicit different effects on the release and mRNA expression levels of inflammatory markers in PBMC cultured ex vivo, with EPA having the most prominent pro-inflammatory potential.
Tracheal resection with end-to-end anastomosis for post-intubation cervical tracheal stenosis: study of 14 cases
Authors: Nandakumar R , Jagdish C , Prathibha C B , Shilpa C , Sreenivas V , Balasubramanya A M , Nayar R C 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and objectives:The incidence of acquired laryngeal stenosis is increasing. This retrospective study aimed to assess the long term results of circumferential resection with end-to-end tracheal anastomosis for isolated post-intubation stenosis of the cervical trachea, and to review the relevant literature.Methods:Twelve male and two female patients (aged 16–30 years, mean age 24 years) treated between February 2003 and December 2008 were included. Hospital and office records were reviewed and relevant surgical details recorded.Results:Indications for tracheal resection anastomosis were post-intubation stenosis (78.57 per cent) and trauma (21.42 per cent). One to five tracheal rings were resected (i.e. 1–2.5 cm of cervical trachea). Tracheal anastomosis was considered successful if the patient remained asymptomatic for 24 months of close follow up (involving regular flexible bronchoscopy and neck X-ray). The anastomotic success rate was 92.85 per cent.Conclusion:Tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis is relatively safe and reliable for definitive treatment of benign tracheal stenosis in appropriate patients. Local application of mitomycin C prevents granulation and aids long term airway patency.
Apuleius
Authors: Harrison Stephen 
Published: June 2011

Apuleius (no other names certain, c. 125–after 170 ce) is one of the key Latin writers of the 2nd century ce, a period that marks the transition from the end of traditional classical culture (Tacitus and Juvenal were probably still alive when Apuleius was born) to the new world of the high empire (Tertullian was certainly born before his death). He can be seen as representing in the Latin West some key aspects of the so-called Greek Second Sophistic, such as a focus on rhetorical performance and an interest in archaic language. He practiced as rhetorician and teacher in Carthage, and his writings were clearly well known in Late Antiquity in Roman North Africa (he is often mentioned by Augustine) and in Gaul (he is cited by Sidonius Apollinaris). He is best known for his novel Metamorphoses or The Golden Ass, and for its remarkable style: it is the apex of Asianism in Latin, full of poetic and archaic words and apparent coinages, rhythmical and rhyming cola, and colored with colloquialism and Graecisms. His Apologia (self-defense from 158 to 159 ce) is an immensely learned speech that combines Ciceronian forensic fireworks with sophistic epideixis, while the Florida, twenty-odd excerpts from Apuleius’s showy declamations delivered at Carthage in the 160s, show considerable rhetorical and stylistic talent, and the De deo Socratis (probably from the same period) is a declamation on the personal deity of Socrates as seen in Plato. Three extant works ascribed to Apuleius are of debated authenticity: De dogmate Platonis or De Platone, two books of mediocre exposition of the philosophy of Plato; De Interpretatione, a treatise on formal logic; and De mundo, a translation of the pseudo-Aristotelian treatise. Lost Apuleian works known from later citations include further speeches, poems, another novel, and a wide range of scientific and other didactic works. Little known in the medieval period, Apuleius was enthusiastically rediscovered in the Renaissance, and much read and studied, forming the center of debates about Latin prose style (Apuleius versus Cicero); his novel influenced important writers such as Shakespeare and Sidney, and the story of Cupid and Psyche from the Metamorphoses has provided consistent inspiration for further works of art and literature over the last five centuries. Little favored by classicists until the second half of the 20th century, he is now a much-researched author.
Genetic variability and individual assignment of Chinese indigenous sheep populations (Ovis aries) using microsatellites
Authors: Niu L. L. , Li H. B. , Ma Y. H. , Du L. X. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to assess the genetic characteristics of six breeds of Chinese local sheep using 19 microsatellite loci and to effectively validate statistical methods for individual assignment based on informative microsatellites. All the six breeds deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations, while the majority of markers complied. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of overall loci for the six populations ranged from 0.283 (SRCRSP5) to 0.852 (OarVH72). Tibetan sheep were the most diverse population with the highest mean allelic richness (6.895), while Ujmuqin (UQ) harboured the lowest allelic richness (6.000). The F‐statistics for the six populations were FIS = −0.172, FIT = −0.082 and FST = 0.077, respectively. Furthermore, the pair‐wise FIS revealed a moderate genetic differentiation among populations (P < 0.01), indicating that all breeds can be considered genetically independent entities. The lowest genetic differentiation was between Tengchong (TC) and UQ (FST = 0.041), and the highest one was between TC and Fat‐tailed Han (FST = 0.111). In comparing the three statistical models, we note that the seven microsatellite loci (MAF65, OarJMP58, SRCRSP9, MCM140, OarAE129, BM8125 and SRCRSP5) commonly used for individual assignment will ensure a powerful detection of individual origin, with accuracy up to 91.87%, when the likelihood‐based method is used. Overall, these findings shed light onto the genetic characteristics of Chinese indigenous sheep and offer a set of microsatellite loci that is simple, economic and highly informative for individual assignment of Chinese sheep.
Association analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms in bovine stearoyl‐CoA desaturase and fatty acid synthase genes with fatty acid composition in commercial cross‐bred beef steers
Authors: Li C. , Aldai N. , Vinsky M. , Dugan M. E. R. , McAllister T. A. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryTwo previously reported non‐synonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of bovine stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (delta‐9‐desaturase) (SCD) (c.878C>T) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) (g:17924A>G) were assessed for their associations with 72 individual and 12 groups of fatty acids in brisket adipose tissue of 223 Canadian commercial cross‐bred beef steers. It was found that the ‘CC’ genotype of the SCD SNP was significantly associated with lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFA) including 10:0, 14:0 and 20:0, higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids including 9c‐14:1, 12c‐16:1 and 13c‐18:1, higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including 9c,15c‐18:2, 10c,12c‐18:2, 11c,13t‐18:2 and 12c,14t‐18:2, but lower concentrations of other PUFA of 9c,13t/8t,12c and 20:2n‐6 (P < 0.05). The ‘AA’ genotype of the FASN SNP was significantly associated with higher concentrations of SFAs of 10:0, 12:0, 13:0, 14:0 and 15:0, lower concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids of 9c‐18:1 and 20:3n‐6, and higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids of 9c‐14:1 and 12c‐16:1 (P < 0.05). Significant epistatic effects between the SCD and FASN SNP genotypes were also found for several fatty acids including 10:0, 23:0, 6t/7t/8t‐18:1, 12t‐18:1, 13t/14t‐18:1, 16t‐18:1, total trans18:1 and 9c,13t/8t,12c‐18:2 (P < 0.05). These results further suggest that SCD and FASN are strong candidate genes influencing fatty acid composition in beef cattle.
Genome‐wide mapping for fatty acid composition and melting point of fat in a purebred Duroc pig population
Authors: Uemoto Y. , Soma Y. , Sato S. , Ishida M. , Shibata T. , Kadowaki H. , Kobayashi E. , Suzuki K. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe fatty acid composition and melting point of fatty tissue are among the most important economic traits in pig breeding because of their influence on the eating quality of meat. Identifying the quantitative trait locus (QTL) of these traits may help reveal the genetic structure of fatty acid composition and the melting point of fatty tissue and improve meat‐quality traits by marker‐assisted selection. We conducted whole‐genome QTL analysis for fatty acid composition and melting point of inner and outer subcutaneous fat and inter‐ and intramuscular fat in a purebred Duroc population. A total of 129 markers were genotyped and used for QTL analysis. For fatty acid compositions of inner and outer subcutaneous fat, three significant QTL and 17 suggestive QTL were detected on SSC2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 and 18. For the melting point of inner and outer subcutaneous fat, two significant QTL were detected on the same region of SSC14. For fatty acid compositions of inter‐ and intramuscular fat, five significant QTL and 13 suggestive QTL were detected on SSC2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14 and 15. On SSC14, significant QTL for C18:0 and C18:1 of outer subcutaneous fat and intramuscular fat, and melting point of subcutaneous fat, which had high likelihood of odds (LOD) scores (2.67–5.78), were detected in the same region. This study determined QTL affecting fatty acid composition and melting point of different fat tissues in purebred Duroc pigs.
Mitochondrial lineages reveal intense gene flow between Iberian wild boars and South Iberian pig breeds
Authors: van Asch B. , Pereira F. , Santos L. S. , Carneiro J. , Santos N. , Amorim A. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe phylogeography of wild boars (WB) and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) has contributed important insights into where and when domestication occurred. The geographic distribution of two core haplotypes (E1a and E1c) of the main European phylogenetic clade suggests that Central Europe was an early domestication centre, although the complexity of the pattern does not exclude the possibility that multiple domestication events occurred in different regions. To investigate the relationships among WB and domestic pig breeds in Iberia, a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region from a large sample (n = 409) of WB and local pig breeds was co‐analysed with published sequences from other European populations. The Iberian sample revealed a high frequency of a sub‐cluster (E1c) of the European haplogroup E1 in 77% of total Iberian samples, 96% of WB, 90% of Alentejano (Portugal) and 87% of Iberian breed pigs (Spain; Black Hairy, Black Hairless and Red varieties). Low genetic distance (F’ST = 0.105) was observed between Alentejano (Portugal) and Iberian breed pigs (Spain). Alentejano and Iberian breed pigs showed low genetic distances to both Iberian and Central European WB (average F’ST = 0.345 and 0.215, respectively). This pattern suggests that early pig husbandry in the Iberian Peninsula did not solely rely on imported Central European stock, but also included the recruitment of local WB.
Cold storage of Pacific oysters out of water: biometry, intervalval water and sensory assessment
Authors: Buzin Florence , Baudon Violaine , Cardinal Mireille , Barillé Laurent , Haure Joël 
Published: June 2011

SummaryDue to the important economic activity of oyster production in France, microalgal toxic events represent a significant constraint for shellfish farmers who face closures of bivalve production‐sites. The frequency of closures of 3 weeks or less represents half of the total closures along the French coasts. Cold storage could be a simple and affordable solution for temporary and short‐term storage before commercialisation. A stock of marketable Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was therefore stored during 22 days in non‐immersed conditions at 3 °C with 100% humidity. At the end of the experiment, the oyster mortality rate remained at a low level of less than 3.5%. The sensory attributes, odour, appearance, texture and flavour, did not show significant variations. However, the oyster total weight and fresh flesh weight exhibited losses of 10.5% and a 16.6% after 15 days of storage. At the same time, intervalval water showed a decrease in quality with 20% of the samples characterized by an absence of intervalval water with a flesh more or less moist. These results suggested that the cold storage represents a partial solution to sustain the commercialisation of bivalves during closures of 15 days.
The impact of psychological capital on job embeddedness and job performance among nurses: a structural equation approach
Authors: Sun Tao , Zhao Xiao Wen , Yang Li Bin , Fan Li Hua 
Published: June 2011

sun t., zhao x.w., yang l.b. & fan l.h. (2012) The impact of psychological capital on job embeddedness and job performance among nurses: a structural equation approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 69–79.AbstractAims.  The objective of this study was to provide empirical evidence on the relationships between psychological capital, job embeddedness and performance. This paper also seeks to present the theoretical development of psychological capital and job embeddedness in nursing research and their application to nursing practices.Background.  Psychological capital was recently identified as a core construct in the literature of positive psychology. However, there is considerably less evidence on its positive effects on job embeddedness and performance among nursing personnel.Methods.  Questionnaires were distributed to approximately 1000 nurses employed in five university hospitals in Heilongjiang province in China. Data were collected in November 2009. The response rate was 73·3%. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the proposed relationships.Findings.  The results support the hypothesized model. This research outlined a strong relationship between the self‐reported psychological capital, job embeddedness and performance of the nurses. The study findings suggest that improving the individual‐accumulated psychological state of nurses will have a positive impact on their retention intention and job performance.Conclusions.  These findings suggest that higher psychological capital increases the self‐reported job embeddedness and performance of these nurses.
Qualitative studies using in‐depth interviews with older people from multiple language groups: methodological systematic review
Authors: Fryer Caroline , Mackintosh Shylie , Stanley Mandy , Crichton Jonathan 
Published: June 2011

fryer c., mackintosh s., stanley m. & crichton j. (2012) Qualitative studies using in‐depth interviews with older people from multiple language groups: methodological systematic review.Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 22–35.AbstractAim. This paper is a report of a methodological review of language appropriate practice in qualitative research, when language groups were not determined prior to participant recruitment.Background. When older people from multiple language groups participate in research using in‐depth interviews, additional challenges are posed for the trustworthiness of findings. This raises the question of how such challenges are addressed.Data sources. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Ageline, PsycINFO, Sociological abstracts, Google Scholar and Allied and Complementary Medicine databases were systematically searched for the period 1840 to September 2009. The combined search terms of ‘ethnic’, ‘cultural’, ‘aged’, ‘health’ and ‘qualitative’ were used.Review methods. In this methodological review, studies were independently appraised by two authors using a quality appraisal tool developed for the review, based on a protocol from the McMaster University Occupational Therapy Evidence‐Based Practice Research Group.Results. Nine studies were included. Consideration of language diversity within research process was poor for all studies. The role of language assistants was largely absent from study methods. Only one study reported using participants’ preferred languages for informed consent.Conclusion. More examples are needed of how to conduct rigorous in‐depth interviews with older people from multiple language groups, when languages are not determined before recruitment. This will require both researchers and funding bodies to recognize the importance to contemporary healthcare of including linguistically diverse people in participant samples.
Fine‐scale population structure, inbreeding risk and avoidance in a wild insect population
Authors: BRETMAN AMANDA , RODRÍGUEZ‐MUÑOZ ROLANDO , WALLING CRAIG , SLATE JON , TREGENZA TOM 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe ecological and evolutionary importance of fine‐scale genetic structure within populations is increasingly appreciated. However, available data are largely restricted to wild vertebrates and eusocial insects. In addition, there is the expectation that most insects tend to have such large‐ and high‐density populations and are so mobile that they are unlikely to face inbreeding risks through fine‐scale population structuring. This has made the growing body of evidence for inbreeding avoidance in insects and its implication in mating systems evolution somewhat enigmatic. We present a 4‐year study of a natural population of field crickets. Using detailed video monitoring combined with genotyping, we track the movement of all adults within the population and investigate genetic structure at a fine scale. We find some evidence for relatives being found in closer proximity, both across generations and within a single breeding season. Whilst incestuous matings are not avoided, population inbreeding is low, suggesting that mating is close to random and the limited fine‐scale structure does not create significant inbreeding risk. Hence, there is little evidence for selective pressures associated with the evolution of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms in a closely related species.
Frequent somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA in traditional serrated adenomas but not in sessile serrated adenomas of the colorectum
Authors: Shimomura Takako , Hiyama Toru , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji , Yoshihara Masaharu , Shimamoto Fumio , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Serrated adenomas (SAs), recently subdivided into traditional SAs (TSAs) and sessile SAs (SSAs), are recognized as a distinct form of neoplasia of the colorectum. One of the characteristics of SAs is hypermaturation of the gland epithelium due to the low extent of cell loss by apoptosis. Mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are closely associated with abnormality in apoptosis. We therefore examined mtDNA mutations in colorectal lesions including hyperplastic polyps (HPs), SSAs, TSAs, and carcinomas.Methods:  Examined were 25 HPs, 32 SSAs, 19 TSAs, and 138 carcinomas. The D310 region of the mtDNAs was examined by microsatellite assay.Results:  mtDNA mutations were detected in none of 25 (0%) HPs, one of 32 (3%) SSAs, six of 19 (32%) TSAs, and eleven of 133 (8%) carcinomas (five of the 138 carcinomas were not informative). The frequency of mtDNA mutations in the TSAs was significantly higher than that in the HPs, SSAs, and carcinomas (P = 0.004, P = 0.008, and P = 0.009, respectively). The frequency of mtDNA mutations in carcinomas was not significantly higher than that in HPs and SSAs (P = 0.14 and P = 0.28, respectively).Conclusion:  Our data suggest that mtDNA mutations may play an important role in the development of TSAs and could be used as a genetic marker to aid in the diagnosis of colorectal lesions.