bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a future for investigative hypnosis?
Authors: Wagstaff Graham F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSince its heyday in the 1970s and 1980s, hypnosis as an investigative procedure has declined in popularity such that many experts now consider it to be more a liability than a useful forensic tool. Indeed, in the US, a majority of the states follow a per se exclusion rule, prohibiting any memories retrieved during or after hypnosis from being introduced into evidence. In this paper, factors contributing to the demise of investigative hypnosis are re‐examined. It is concluded that a per se exclusion rule is overly inclusive, but it is advisable for investigators to avoid using hypnosis when other, less contentious alternatives, such as the cognitive interview, are available. Nevertheless, it often goes unrecognised that a more positive legacy of investigative hypnosis is very present in modern investigative interviewing best practice; moreover, there may still be procedures employed in hypnotic interviewing that have yet to be exploited. For example, recent research indicates that, when divorced from the context of hypnosis, brief techniques such as focused breathing, and eye closure, can enhance memory. As memory enhancement with these techniques is achieved without the increase in false positive errors familiar to more traditional hypnosis techniques, evidence from such procedures should be acceptable to the courts. The potential role of hypnosis as a tool to reverse the effects of misinformation is also considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative solvents for electrophilic synthesis of 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐DOPA
Authors: Forsback Sarita , Eskola Olli , Bergman Jörgen , Haaparanta Merja , Solin Olof 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOwing to the ozone layer‐depleting properties of chlorofluorocarbon compounds, alternative solvents for electrophilic fluorination reactions are desirable. Chloroform, dichloromethane, acetone or their deuterated analogues were examined as substitutes for Freon‐11 in the electrophilic synthesis of 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐DOPA ([18F]FDOPA). CDCl3, CD2Cl2 and C3D6O were found to be suitable solvents in this reaction, with the deuterated solvents providing significantly higher yields than Freon‐11. There were no differences among the solvents in the specific radioactivity, the radiochemical purity, the chemical purity or the microbiological quality of the final product. However, the radiochemical yield of [18F]FDOPA was increased when acetic acid was added to the precursor solution prior to the fluorination reaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between scapular position and structural strength of rib cage in quadruped animals
Authors: Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Kuwazuru Osamu , Inuzuka Norihisa , Yoshikawa Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDetermining scapular position is a major issue in reconstructing the skeletal systems of extinct quadruped archosaurs and mammals, because the proximal portion of the scapulae has no direct skeletal joint with the vertebrae or ribs. When quadrupeds stand or walk, their trunk is suspended between the forelimbs by the serratus muscles, which arises from the lateral sides of the “thoracic” ribs and inserts into the proximal portion of the costal surface of the scapula. Therefore, the “thoracic” ribs are subjected to a static or dynamic vertical compression between the lifting force from the muscle and the gravitational force from the vertebral column. To investigate the body support function of the ribs, we analyzed the mechanical strength of the ribs of extant tetrapods by the two‐dimensional finite element method, and compared the degree of strength through their craniocaudal scapular positions. The result of this simulation showed that the “thoracic” ribs of quadrupeds, to which the serratus muscles attach, have a relatively higher strength against compaction than the other ribs. In bipeds, however, we did not find a similar correlation between the strength of ribs and the serratus muscle. This implies that the location of robust ribs is associated with the arrangement of the serratus muscle, and provides a probable candidate for determination of the scapular position for extinct quadruped archosaurs and mammals. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional morphology of digestion in the stomachless, piscivorous needlefishes Tylosurus gavialoides and Strongylura leiura ferox (Teleostei: Beloniformes)
Authors: Manjakasy Jennifer M. , Day Ryan D. , Kemp Anne , Tibbetts Ian R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBelonidae are unusual in that they are carnivorous but lack a stomach and have a straight, short gut. To develop a functional morphological model for this unusual system the gut contents and alimentary tract morphology of Tylosurus gavialoides and Strongylura leiura ferox were investigated. The posterior orientation of the majority of the pharyngeal teeth supports the swallowing of whole large prey, but not their mastication. Mucogenic cells are abundant in the mucosa lining, particularly the esophagus, and their secretions are likely to protect the gut lining from damage while lubricating passage of the prey. Esophagus, anterior intestine, posterior intestine, and rectum all have highly reticulate mucosae. The anterior three gut sections are distensible to accommodate the passage of prey. However, following ingestion large prey are passed to the highly distensible posterior intestine where they rest head first against the ileorectal valve. Alimentary pH ranges from neutral to weakly acidic. Fish prey is digested head first with the head being largely digested while the remainder of the body is still intact. The nondistensibility of the rectum and the small aperture provided by the ileorectal valve suggest the products of intestinal digestion are either small particulates or fluids that pass into rectum where they are absorbed. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olecranon orientation as an indicator of elbow joint angle in the stance phase, and estimation of forelimb posture in extinct quadruped animals
Authors: Fujiwara Shin‐ichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractReconstruction of limb posture is a challenging task in assessing functional morphology and biomechanics of extinct tetrapods, mainly because of the wide range of motions possible at each limb joint and because of our poor knowledge of the relationship between posture and musculoskeletal structure, even in the extant taxa. This is especially true for extinct mammals such as the desmostylian taxa Desmostylus and Paleoparadoxia. This study presents a procedure that how the elbow joint angles of extinct quadruped mammals can be inferred from osteological characteristics. A survey of 67 dried skeletons and 113 step cycles of 32 extant genera, representing 25 families and 13 orders, showed that the olecranon of the ulna and the shaft of the humerus were oriented approximately perpendicular to each other during the stance phase. At this angle, the major extensor muscles maximize their torque at the elbow joint. Based on this survey, I suggest that olecranon orientation can be used for inferring the elbow joint angles of quadruped mammals with prominent olecranons, regardless of taxon, body size, and locomotor guild. By estimating the elbow joint angle, it is inferred that Desmostylus would have had more upright forelimbs than Paleoparadoxia, because their elbow joint angles during the stance phase were approximately 165° and 130°, respectively. Difference in elbow joint angles between these two genera suggests possible differences in stance and gait of these two mammals. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and embryonic pattern of body wall musculature in the crassiclitellate Eisenia andrei (Annelida, Clitellata)
Authors: Hunnekuhl Vera S. , Bergter Annette , Purschke Günter , Paululat Achim 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDuring early development of Eisenia andrei (Crassiclitellata), a loose arrangement of primary circular and longitudinal muscles encloses the whole embryo. Circular muscles differentiate in an anterior–posterior progression creating a segmental pattern. Primary circular muscles emerge at the segmental borders while later in development the central part of each segment is filled with circular strands. Longitudinal muscles develop in an anterio‐posterior manner as well, but by continuous lengthening. Muscle growth is not restricted by segmental boundaries. The development begins with one pair of prominent longitudinal muscles differentiating ventrally along the right and the left germ band. These first muscles provide a guiding structure for the parallel organization of the afterwards differentiating longitudinal musculature. Additional primary longitudinal muscles emerge and form, together with the initial circular muscles, the primary muscle grid of the embryo. During the following development, secondary longitudinal muscle strands develop and integrate themselves into the primary grid. Meanwhile the primary circular muscles split into thin strands in a ventral to dorsal progression. Thus, a fine structured mesh of circular and longitudinal muscles is generated. Compared to other “Oligochaeta”, embryonic muscle patterns in E. andrei are adapted to the development of a lecithotrophic embryo. Nevertheless, two general characteristics of annelid muscle development become evident. The first is the segmental development of the circular muscles from a set of initial muscles situated at the segment borders. Second, there is a continuous development of primary longitudinal muscles starting at the anterior pole. At least one pair of main primary longitudinal strands is characteristic in Annelida. The space between all primary strands is filled with secondary longitudinal strands during further development. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization of multidirectional regional left ventricular dynamics by high‐temporal‐resolution tissue phase mapping
Authors: Föll Daniela , Jung Bernd , Staehle Felix , Schilli Elfriede , Bode Christoph , Hennig Jürgen , Markl Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo apply high‐temporal‐resolution tissue phase mapping (TPM) to derive a detailed representation of normal regional myocardial motion in a large cohort of 58 normal subjects (three age groups) and one patient with dilated cardiomyopathy.Materials and MethodsAnalysis included transformation of the acquired myocardial velocities into radial, circumferential, and long‐axis motion components representing left ventricular (LV) function with a spatiotemporal resolution of 1.3 × 2.6 × 8 mm3 and 13.8 msec, respectively. To compare multidirectional regional myocardial velocities between groups of subjects, a multisegment and multislice visualization model was employed. Regional myocardial motion was mapped onto the visualization model to display the current status of myocardial motion from base to apex as in‐plane velocity vector fields in conjunction with color‐coded long‐axis plane motion. Moreover, correlation analysis was used to investigate regional differences in myocardial dynamics.ResultsAge‐related changes in LV myocardial velocities resulted in significant differences of peak and time‐to‐peak velocities in the radial and long‐axis directions. Correlation analysis revealed clearly visible regional differences in the temporal evolution of long‐axis and circumferential velocities, particularly between the youngest and oldest age groups. Comparison of pathological LV motion with age‐matched volunteers indicated marked regional alterations in myocardial velocities and dynamics.ConclusionHigh‐temporal‐resolution TPM in combination with a schematic visualization model and correlation analysis permits the identification of local changes in myocardial velocities associated with different age groups and a common LV pathology. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1043–1052. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR imaging findings of small bowel hemorrhage: Two cases of mural involvement and one of perimural
Authors: Leonardou Polytimi , Kierans Andrea S. , Elazazzi Mohamed , Shaikh Faiq , Semelka Richard C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the MR appearance of small bowel wall hemorrhage.Materials and MethodsA search was performed of the clinical information system (CIS) and the abdominal MRI databases of our institution for patients diagnosed with bowel hemorrhage on MRI between January 1, 2000, and July 31, 2008. All patients were imaged using a protocol that included noncontrast T1‐ and T2‐weighted images and postgadolinium gradient echo images.ResultsTwo male patients, 44 and 55 years of age, were identified with small bowel mural hemorrhage, one in the duodenum and one in the jejunum. A third patient, a 66‐year‐old man, was identified with perimural hematoma. The following imaging features were observed: for mural hemorrhage, mural‐based increased signal intensity (SI) in the bowel wall on fat suppressed T1‐weighted images, variable increased SI on T2‐weighted images and no appreciable enhancement on the postcontrast T1‐weighted image; perimural hemorrhage exhibited normal thickness low SI wall on T2‐weighted single shot images, with ill‐defined material surrounding the bowel. SI features of this material, was similar to mural‐based abnormality.ConclusionIn two patients with small bowel wall hemorrhage, the wall showed increased thickness with increased SI on noncontrast T1‐weighted images and lack of enhancement on postgadolinium images. Perimural hematoma showed an intact normal thickness wall that was low SI on T2 with surrounding material that was high SI on noncontrast T1‐weighted images and did not enhance. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1185–1189. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repeatability of quantitative parameters derived from diffusion tensor imaging in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Paldino Michael J. , Barboriak Daniel , Desjardins Annick , Friedman Henry S. , Vredenburgh James J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo quantify the repeatability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.Materials and MethodsIRB approval and informed consent were obtained for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant study. Sixteen patients with glioblastoma multiforme underwent MR imaging at two time points without interval intervention. ADC and FA maps were registered to the contrast‐enhanced and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image volumes. Volumes of tumor‐related enhancement (TRE) and FLAIR signal abnormality (FSA) were defined using a semiautomated segmentation technique.ResultsRepeated observations of mean ADC and mean FA were highly consistent within both TRE (ADC: r = 0.947,P < 0.0001; FA: r = 0.947, P < 0.0001) and FSA (ADC: r = 0.979, P < 0.0001; FA: r = 0.972, P < 0.0001). Within TRE, repeatability coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for change measured 0.104 × 10−3 mm2S−1 and 7.4% (ADC) and 0.0196 and 13.9% (FA), respectively. Within FSA, repeatability coefficients and 95% CI for change measured 0.071 × 10−3 mm2S−1 and 5.2% (ADC) and 0.0159 and 8.7% (FA), respectively. To detect 10% changes in mean ADC, sample sizes of nine (TRE) and six (FSA) patients would be required. The same change in mean FA would require sample sizes of 21 (TRE) and 10 (FSA) patients, respectively.ConclusionChanges after therapy greater than the repeatability coefficient or 95% CI for change are unlikely to be related to variability in the measurement of ADC and FA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1199–1205. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accuracy of MRI for predicting the circumferential resection margin, mesorectal fascia invasion, and tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Kim Seung Ho , Lee Jeong Min , Park Hee Sun , Eun Hyo Won , Han Joon Koo , Choi Byung Ihn 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for predicting the circumferential resection margin (CRM), mesorectal fascia (MRF) invasion, and the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer.Materials and MethodsSixty‐five consecutive patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (≥T3 or lymph node‐positive) who underwent neoadjuvant CRT and subsequent surgery were enrolled in this retrospective study. Two blinded radiologists independently reviewed both the pre‐ and post‐CRT rectal MR images and measured the post‐CRT CRM; they recorded their confidence level with respect to the MRF invasion and tumor response using a 5‐point scale. The diagnostic accuracy of each reviewer was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.ResultsThe measured CRM was not significantly different from the reference standard (mean difference, −1.4 mm; 95% limits of agreement, −8.3–5.4 mm; interclass correlation coefficient, 0.82). The diagnostic accuracy (Az) for determining MRF invasion was 0.890 for reviewer 1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.788–0.954) and 0.829 for reviewer 2 (95% CI, 0.715–0.911). The Az for predicting complete or near‐complete regression was 0.791 for reviewer 1 (95% CI, 0.672–0.882) and 0.735 for reviewer 2 (95% CI, 0.611–0.837).ConclusionMRI provides accurate information regarding the CRM of locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant CRT; it also shows relatively high accuracy for predicting MRF invasion and moderate accuracy for assessing tumor response. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1093–1101. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Halting the effects of flow enhancement with effective intermittent zeugmatographic encoding (HEFEWEIZEN) in SSFP
Authors: Derakhshan Jamal J. , Griswold Mark A. , Sunshine Jeffrey L. , Duerk Jeffrey L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo describe a new method for performing dark blood (DB) magnetization preparation in TrueFISP (bSSFP) and apply the technique to high‐resolution carotid artery imaging.Materials and MethodsThe developed method (HEFEWEIZEN) provides directional flow suppression, while preserving bSSFP contrast, by periodically applying spatial saturation in short repetition time (TR) TrueFISP. Steady‐state free precession (SSFP) conditions are maintained throughout the acquisition for the imaging slice magnetization. HEFEWEIZEN was implemented on a 1.5 T scanner with standard receiver coils. Studies were performed in phantoms, eight asymptomatic volunteers, and two patients with low‐ and high‐grade carotid artery stenosis.ResultsAverage flow suppression was 88% ± 4% (arterial) and 85% ± 3% (venous) in a multislice study. Stationary signal, contrast, and fine details were maintained with only slight signal suppression (11% ± 11%). Comparison to diffusion‐prepared SSFP in the common carotid artery demonstrated significant improvement in wall‐lumen contrast‐to‐noise ratio efficiency (P = 0.024). DB contrast was achieved with only 13% increased acquisition time (14.3 sec). Further acceleration was possible by confining the DB preparation to the central 60% of k‐space.ConclusionA fast, short TR, DB TrueFISP pulse sequence was developed and tested in the carotid arteries of asymptomatic volunteers and patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1163–1174. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility and reproducibility of biventricular volumetric assessment of cardiac function during exercise using real‐time radial k‐t SENSE magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lurz Philipp , Muthurangu Vivek , Schievano Silvia , Nordmeyer Johannes , Bonhoeffer Philipp , Taylor Andrew M. , Hansen Michael S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo assess the feasibility and reproducibility of real‐time radial k‐t sensitivity encoding (SENSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for biventricular volumetric assessment during exercise.Materials and MethodsIn all, 12 healthy young adults underwent MRI at rest and during supine exercise at three different workload intensities. Biventricular volumes and function were assessed with 1) a radial k‐t SENSE real‐time sequence and 2) a scanner vendor supplied (standard) real‐time sequence. Global image quality, motion fidelity, and agreement in right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) stroke volume (SV) as a surrogate measure for accuracy were assessed. Exercise MR was repeated within 1 month for assessment of reproducibility.ResultsImaging scores were superior for radial real‐time k‐t SENSE images (P < 0.001). Agreement in RV and LV SV during exercise was better with radial k‐t real‐time (SD of difference ±3.43 vs. ±8.97 mL; P < 0.001). Agreement in cardiac output (CO) in the same subject at two different imaging sessions was better for radial k‐t SENSE. This was significant for the CO calculated for the RV (SD of difference ±0.6 vs. ±0.95 L/min; P = 0.01) and LV (±0.45 vs. ±0.92 L/min; P < 0.001).ConclusionRadial k‐t SENSE real‐time imaging represents a feasible and reproducible imaging technique for biventricular assessment during exercise. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1062–1070. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of intraportal venous flow distribution by unenhanced MR angiography using three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo with a selective tagging pulse: Efficacy of subtraction of tag‐on and tag‐off images acquired during a single breath‐hold
Authors: Ito Katsuyoshi , Shimizu Ayame , Tsukuda Toshinobu , Sasaki Katsumi , Tanabe Masahiro , Matsunaga Naofumi , Jo Chisaki , Kanazawa Hitoshi , Miyazaki Mitsue 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of subtracted MR images from two sets of unenhanced three‐dimensional (3D) MR angiography data (tag‐on and tag‐off images) acquired simultaneously during a single breath‐hold in assessing the intraportal venous flow distribution to the distal branches from the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and the splenic vein (SpV).Materials and MethodsTag‐on and tag‐off MR images during a single breath‐hold were obtained in 25 normal subjects. Tagging pulse was placed on the SMV or SpV separately to study inflow correlation of tagged blood into the portal vein.ResultsOn the MR images tagged on the SMV, the mean ratings of visibility of tagged blood flow on the subtracted images were significantly higher (P = 0.016–0.0001) than those on the source images in almost all branches except second‐ordered left portal vein (P = 0.096). On the subtracted MR images tagged on SMV, the tramline (16 of the 25 subjects) was the most common distribution pattern of the tagged blood inflow in the main portal vein.ConclusionSubtracted MR images from two sets of unenhanced 3D MR angiography data (tag‐on and tag‐off images) acquired simultaneously would be effective to show the blood flow distribution of tagged blood into the portal vein and distal branches from SMV and SpV under the physiological condition without contrast injections. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1224–1229. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.