bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model-based approach to fault-tolerant control
Authors: Niemann Hans 
Published: March 2012

A model-based approach to fault-tolerant controlA model-based controller architecture for Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) is presented in this paper. The controller architecture is based on a general controller parameterization. The FTC architecture consists of two main parts, a Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) part and a controller reconfiguration part. The theoretical basis for the architecture is given followed by an investigation of the single parts in the architecture. It is shown that the general controller parameterization is central in connection with both fault diagnosis as well as controller reconfiguration. Especially in relation to the controller reconfiguration part, the application of controller parameterization results in a systematic technique for switching between different controllers. This also allows controller switching using different sets of actuators and sensors.
New fault tolerant control strategies for nonlinear Takagi-Sugeno systems
Authors: Ichalal Dalil , Marx Benoît , Ragot José , Maquin Didier 
Published: March 2012

New fault tolerant control strategies for nonlinear Takagi-Sugeno systemsNew methodologies for Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) are proposed in order to compensate actuator faults in nonlinear systems. These approaches are based on the representation of the nonlinear system by a Takagi-Sugeno model. Two control laws are proposed requiring simultaneous estimation of the system states and of the occurring actuator faults. The first approach concerns the stabilization problem in the presence of actuator faults. In the second, the system state is forced to track a reference trajectory even in faulty situation. The control performance depends on the estimation quality; indeed, it is important to accurately and rapidly estimate the states and the faults. This task is then performed with an Adaptive Fast State and Fault Observer (AFSFO) for the first case, and a Proportional-Integral Observer (PIO) in the second. Stability conditions are established with Lyapunov theory and expressed in a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) formulation to ease the design of FTC. Furthermore, relaxed stability conditions are given with the use of Polya's theorem. Some simulation examples are given in order to illustrate the proposed approaches.
Widespread rifting and retreat of ice-shelf margins in the eastern Amundsen Sea Embayment between 1972 and 2011
Authors: MacGregor Joseph A. , Catania Ginny A. , Markowski Michael S. , Andrews Alan G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe major outlet glaciers that drain the eastern sector of the Amundsen Sea Embayment (Smith, Haynes, Thwaites and Pine Island) are among the largest, fastest-flowing and fastest-thinning glaciers in West Antarctica. Their recent ice-flow acceleration is linked to ocean-induced ice-shelf thinning, but may also arise from additional losses of ice-shelf buttressing that are not well understood. Here we present a comprehensive history of coastal change in the eastern Amundsen Sea Embayment between 1972 and 2011 derived mostly from Landsat imagery. The termini of all four major outlet glaciers have retreated, but retreat is most rapid along the ice-shelf margins, where progressive rifting has occurred. This pattern of retreat coincides with the recent acceleration of grounded ice and contributed to loss of ice-shelf buttressing. The observed pattern of margin-led gradual ice-shelf disintegration appears to be common in accelerating ocean-terminating outlet glaciers. We hypothesize that this pattern is part of a positive feedback between glacier acceleration and rift growth that could drive further buttressing loss in the eastern Amundsen Sea Embayment.
Inflammatory Spleen Monocytes Can Upregulate CD11c Expression Without Converting into Dendritic Cells
Authors: Drutman Scott B. , Kendall Julia C. , Trombetta E. Sergio 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Monocytes can differentiate into various cell types with unique specializations depending on their environment. Under certain inflammatory conditions, monocytes upregulate expression of the dendritic cell marker CD11c together with MHC and costimulatory molecules. These phenotypic changes indicate monocyte differentiation into a specialized subset of dendritic cells (DCs), often referred to as monocyte-derived DCs or inflammatory DCs (iDCs), considered important mediators of immune responses under inflammatory conditions triggered by infection or vaccination. To characterize the relative contribution of cDCs and iDCs under conditions that induce strong immunity to coadministered Ags, we analyzed the behavior of spleen monocytes in response to anti-CD40 treatment. We found that under sterile inflammation in mice triggered by CD40 ligation, spleen monocytes can rapidly and uniformly exhibit signs of activation, including a surface phenotype typically associated with their conversion into DCs. These inflammatory monocytes remain closely related to their monocytic lineage, preserving expression of CD115, scavenging function, tissue distribution and poor capacity for Ag presentation characteristic of their monocyte precursors. In addition, 3–4 d after delivery of the inflammatory stimuli, these cells reverted to a monocyte-associated phenotype typical of the steady state. These findings indicate that, in response to anti-CD40 treatment, spleen monocytes are activated and express certain DC surface markers without acquiring functional characteristics associated with DCs.
Langerhans Cells Require MyD88-Dependent Signals for Candida albicans Response but Not for Contact Hypersensitivity or Migration
Authors: Haley Krystal , Igyártó Botond Z. , Ortner Daniela , Bobr Aleh , Kashem Sakeen , Schenten Dominik , Kaplan Daniel H. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC) are a subset of skin-resident dendritic cells (DC) that reside in the epidermis as immature DC, where they acquire Ag. A key step in the life cycle of LC is their activation into mature DC in response to various stimuli, including epicutaneous sensitization with hapten and skin infection with Candida albicans. Mature LC migrate to the skin-draining LN, where they present Ag to CD4 T cells and modulate the adaptive immune response. LC migration is thought to require the direct action of IL-1β and IL-18 on LC. In addition, TLR ligands are present in C. albicans, and hapten sensitization produces endogenous TLR ligands. Both could contribute to LC activation. We generated Langerin-Cre MyD88fl mice in which LC are insensitive to IL-1 family members and most TLR ligands. LC migration in the steady state, after hapten sensitization and postinfection with C. albicans, was unaffected. Contact hypersensitivity in Langerin-Cre MyD88fl mice was similarly unaffected. Interestingly, in response to C. albicans infection, these mice displayed reduced proliferation of Ag-specific CD4 T cells and defective Th17 subset differentiation. Surface expression of costimulatory molecules was intact on LC, but expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23 was reduced. Thus, sensitivity to MyD88-dependent signals is not required for LC migration, but is required for the full activation and function of LC in the setting of fungal infection.
Biomimetic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Kim Taek Gyoung , Shin Heungsoo , Lim Dong Woo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBiomimetic scaffolds mimic important features of the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and can be finely controlled at the nano‐ or microscale for tissue engineering. Rational design of biomimetic scaffolds is based on consideration of the ECM as a natural scaffold; the ECM provides cells with a variety of physical, chemical, and biological cues that affect cell growth and function. There are a number of approaches available to create 3D biomimetic scaffolds with control over their physical and mechanical properties, cell adhesion, and the temporal and spatial release of growth factors. Here, an overview of some biological features of the natural ECM is presented and a variety of original engineering methods that are currently used to produce synthetic polymer‐based scaffolds in pre‐fabricated form before implantation, to modify their surfaces with biochemical ligands, to incorporate growth factors, and to control their nano‐ and microscale geometry to create biomimetic scaffolds are discussed. Finally, in contrast to pre‐fabricated scaffolds composed of synthetic polymers, injectable biomimetic scaffolds based on either genetically engineered‐ or chemically synthesized‐peptides of which sequences are derived from the natural ECM are discussed. The presence of defined peptide sequences can trigger in situ hydrogelation via molecular self‐assembly and chemical crosslinking. A basic understanding of the entire spectrum of biomimetic scaffolds provides insight into how they can potentially be used in diverse tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery applications.
A Spider's Fang: How to Design an Injection Needle Using Chitin‐Based Composite Material
Authors: Politi Yael , Priewasser Matthias , Pippel Eckhard , Zaslansky Paul , Hartmann Jürgen , Siegel Stefan , Li Chenghao , Barth Friedrich G. , Fratzl Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSpiders mainly feed on insects. This means that their fangs, which are used to inject venom into the prey, have to puncture the insect cuticle that is essentially made of the same material, a chitin‐protein composite, as the fangs themselves. Here a series of structural modifications in the fangs of the wandering spider Cupiennius salei are reported, including texture variation in chitin orientation and arrangement, gradients in protein composition, and selective incorporation of metal ions (Zn and Ca) and halogens (Cl). These modifications influence the mechanical properties of the fang in a graded manner from tip to base, allowing it to perform as a multi‐use injection needle that can break through insect cuticle, which is made of a chitin composite as well.
Synthesis of novel photochromic spiropyran dyes containing quaternary ammonium salt or cinnamoyl moiety and their properties as photoinitiators
Authors: Han Jianguo , Wang Jiwei , Shen Kaihua , Wang Guangyu , Li Yang , Zhao Defeng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThree novel spiropyran (SP) dyes containing quaternary ammonium salt or cinnamoyl moiety were synthesized and their photosensitive properties as photoinitiator were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy. The intramolecular electron transfer of SP dyes containing quaternary ammonium salt was much faster and can initiate the photopolymerization under UV irradiation though the photochromic properties than those of SPs containing cinnamoyl group. A photoinitiation system containing SPs and the hexaarylbisimidazoles was studies, and the initiation properties were tested by monitoring the conversion rate of double‐bond at 810 and 1640 cm−1 with ‐time infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the system containing our SP derivatives exhibited much higher initiating efficiency than ever reported SP dyes in the photopolymerization of 2‐phenoxyethylacrylate/N‐vinylcarbazole. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of novel organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles containing an organotin core and a polystyrene shell
Authors: Jia Yong‐Guang , Jiang Jian , Liu Ling‐Yan , Chang Wei‐Xing , Li Jing 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA series of new well‐defined nanoparticles containing an organotin core and a polystyrene shell were obtained by crosslinking of n‐Bu2SnO with various chain‐length amphiphilic polystyrene‐b‐poly‐(6‐(4‐vinylphenoxy) hexanoic acid. The amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and hydrolysis. The structures of the nanoparticles were studied by the transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Notably, the morphology of the crosslinked copolymer showed individual nanoparticles with regularly spherical shape. And the nanoparticle diameters decreased with increasing number of organotin carboxylate units. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Structure of CsAgGa2Se4.
Authors: Mei Dajiang , Yin Wenlong , Feng Kai , Bai Lei , Lin Zheshuai , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe new title compound is prepared from a mixture of AgGaSe2 (obtained from the elements at 900 °C, 2 d) and CsI in the molar ratio 1:2 (silica tube, Ar, 800 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Four Polyanionic Compounds in the K—Au—Ga System: A Case Study in Exploratory Synthesis and of the Art of Structural Analysis.
Authors: Smetana Volodymyr , Corbett John D. , Miller Gordon J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe new compounds K0.55Au2Ga2 (I), KAu3Ga2 (II), KAu2Ga4 (III), and KAu0.33Ga2.67 (IV) are synthesized by solid state reactions of the elements (500 °C for 24—48 h and 350 °C for 5—7 d) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, and ASA‐TB‐LMTO electronic structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Counterion Influence on the Vibrational Wavenumbers in Ternary and Quaternary Metal Hydride Salts, A2MH6 (A: Alkali Metal, Alkaline Earth, and Lanthanides; M: Ir, Fe, Ru, Os, Pt, Mn).
Authors: Gilson Denis F. R. , Moyer Ralph O. Jr. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe wavenumbers of the ν3 metal—hydrogen stretching mode in the IR spectra of [MnH6]5‐, [FeH6]4‐, [RuH6]4‐, [OsH6]4‐, [IrH6]3‐, and [PtH6]2‐ linearly depend on the ionization energies of the counterions (alkali metal, alkaline earth, lanthanoid) with a separate line for each metal.
ChemInform Abstract: White Light Emission from γ‐Irradiated Ag/Eu Co‐Doped Phosphate Glass under NUV Light Excitation.
Authors: Fan Sijun , Yu Chunlei , He Dongbing , Li Kefeng , Hu Lili 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTunable white light emission is obtained from γ‐irradiated Ag/Eu co‐doped 65NaPO3—30Al(PO3)3—5SiO2 phosphate glass under 320—394 nm excitation.
ChemInform Abstract: Roles of Bi, M and VO4 Tetrahedron in Photocatalytic Properties of Novel Bi0.5M0.5VO4 (M: La, Eu, Sm and Y) Solid Solutions for Overall Water Splitting.
Authors: Liu Hui , Yuan Jian , Jiang Zhi , Shangguan Wenfeng , Einaga Hisahiro , Teraoka Yasutake 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe new phases of title are prepared by solid state reaction of V2O5, M2O3 (M: La, Eu, Sm, Y), and Bi2O3 ( air, 1073 K, 24 h, ceramic crucible).
ChemInform Abstract: Monoammoniate of Calcium Amidoborane: Synthesis, Structure, and Hydrogen‐Storage Properties.
Authors: Chua Yong Shen , Wu Hui , Zhou Wei , Udovic Terrence J. , Wu Guotao , Xiong Zhitao , Wong Ming Wah , Chen Ping 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCa(NH2BH3)2·NH3 is synthesized by ball milling of a 1:2 mixture of CaNH and NH3BH3 (10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: K2M2III(MIVO4) (PO4)2 (MIII: Fe, Sc; MVI: Mo, W), Novel Members of the Langbeinite‐Related Family: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Slobodyanik Nikolay S. , Terebilenko Kateryna V. , Ogorodnyk Ivan V. , Zatovsky Igor V. , Seredyuk Maksym , Baumer Vyacheslav N. , Guetlich Philipp 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCrystals of K2Fe(MoO4)(PO4)2, K2Sc(MoO4)(PO4)2, and K2Sc(WO4)(PO4)2 are prepared from molten salt mixtures containing M2O3 (M: Fe, Sc), K2MoO4, MoO3 or WO3, and KPO3 (Pt crucibles, 1270 K, 2—3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Uranyl Chromate Sheet Compounds Containing Edge‐Sharing Dimers of Uranyl Pentagonal Bipyramids.
Authors: Unruh Daniel K. , Baranay Michelle , Pressprich Laura , Stoffer Megan , Burns Peter C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEight uranyl chromate compounds are synthesized and characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Quaternary Uranium Lanthanide Oxyselenides UYb2O2Se3 and U2Ln2O4Se3 (Ln: Pr, Sm, Gd).
Authors: Raw Adam D. , Ibers James A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSingle crystals of (IV), (VII), (XI), and (XIII) are grown in a Sb2Se3 flux and their structures are determined at 100 K.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Chlorotetrafluoroethanesulfinamide Induced Diastereoselective Three‐Component Aminoallylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Liu Jintao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe reaction between sulfinamide (S)‐(I), aldehydes (II) and allyl bromide (III) is accomplished as a one‐pot reaction to afford sulfinyl‐4‐arylbut‐1‐en‐4‐amines (IV) which can be easily deprotected to form the corresponding amines.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) Catalyzed Regiospecific and Diastereoselective Reaction of Chiral N‐(tert‐Butanesulfinyl)ketimines and α,β‐Unsaturated Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Zhang Fan , Liu Zhenjiang , Liu Jintao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe reaction leads to 1,2‐addition products (III) and (IV), which can serve as precursors of chiral trifluoromethylated 1,3‐amino alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Strategy for the General Synthesis of 3‐Aryl Substituted Pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,4]benzoxazines and Pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,4]benzodiazepin‐6(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Brahma Kaushik , Sasmal Anup Kumar , Chowdhury Chinmay 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA wide variety of title compounds is synthesized through a two‐step reaction, carried out in one pot.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene‐promoted Regioselective Elimination of Vicinal Dibromides Having an Adjacent O‐ and/or‐ N‐Functional Group.
Authors: Kutsumura Noriki , Iijima Masatoshi , Toguchi Shohei , Saito Takao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe mild elimination reaction shows poor regioselectivity and high stereoselectivity for the compound (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Ketones via a Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by Cellulose Sulfuric Acid as a Biodegradable, Efficient, and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst.
Authors: Nemati Firouzeh , Fakhaei Amir Soheyl , Amoozadeh Ali , Hayeniaz Yaser Saeidi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDiastereoselective Mannich reactions catalyzed by cellulose sulfuric acid are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Formation of Angular Tricyclic Compounds by Ruthenium‐Mediated Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis.
Authors: Gao Fuye , Stamp Craig T. M. , Thornton Paul D. , Cameron T. Stanley , Doyle Lauren E. , Miller David O. , Burnell D. Jean 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUnsaturated spirocyclic substrates bearing two alkenyl chains afford angularly fused tricyclic products via relaying cyclohexene and cycloheptene moieties.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrous Methanesulfonate as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols and Phenols under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Min , Song Zhiguo , Wan Xin , Zhao Shuang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFerrous methanesulfonate catalyzes tetrahydropyranylation of benzylic, primary, secondary, tertiary, cyclic, allyl, and furyl alcohols as well as phenols under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Regioselective Dimerization of Aliphatic Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Sun Sheng , Kroll Julien , Luo Yingdong , Zhang Liming 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn the presence of a XPhos gold(I) complex catalyst, the synthetically interesting branched head‐to‐tail isomers (II) are obtained as main products.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic Approach to Enantiomerically Enriched α‐Arylcyclohexenones and Cyclohexanones.
Authors: Duce Sara , Jorge Maria , Alonso Ines , Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Cid M. Belen 
Published: March 2012

Abstractα,β‐Disubstituted cyclohexenones are easily obtained by simple organocatalytic Michael addition of commercially available ketone (I) to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, followed by aldol reaction and a dehydration sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: The Palladium‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylaiton of Vinyl Sulfonates.
Authors: Cho Eun Jin , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe process can be carried out with either triflates or nonaflates and silanes (II) or (V) in combination with tBu‐XPhos and a Pd source.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral 1,3‐Diamines Derived from cis‐2‐Benzamidocyclohexanecarboxylic Acid and Their Application in the Cu‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Henry Reaction.
Authors: Kodama Koichi , Sugawara Kazuyuki , Hirose Takuji 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe reaction of a wide range of aldehydes with nitromethane is highly enantioselective with DAC.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Catechols from Phenols via Pd‐Catalyzed Silanol‐Directed C—H Oxygenation.
Authors: Huang Chunhui , Ghavtadze Nugzar , Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe method proceeds via a silanol‐directed acetoxylation using PhI(OAc)2, followed by a subsequent acid‐catalyzed cyclization reaction to give a cyclic silicon‐protected catechol.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement of Allenyl Vinyl Ethers; Synthesis of Substituted 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Krafft Marie E. , Hallal Kassem M. , Vidhani Dinesh V. , Cran John W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFor the title reaction an N‐heterocyclic carbene gold complex is found to be superior in terms of activity and selectivity and affords the 3,3‐products (II) and (IV) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Michael Additions of Isobutyraldehyde to Nitroalkenes Promoted by Amphiphilic Bifunctional Primary Amine‐Thioureas in Organic or Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Ma Zhi‐Wei , Liu Yu‐Xia , Zhang Wen‐Jing , Tao Yan , Zhu Yu , Tao Jing‐Chao , Tang Ming‐Sheng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe novel organocatalyst (I) is effective in the reaction of isobutyraldehyde (III) with nitroalkenes to afford the (S)‐products (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrocatalytic Carboxylation of Arylic Bromides at Silver Cathode in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Zhang Jingbo , Niu Dongfang , Lan Yangchun , Wang Huan , Zhang Guirong , Lu Jiaxing 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA simple and efficient electrocatalytic carboxylation of aryl bromides is developed using silver as cathode and magnesium as anode.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl‐2‐propen‐1‐one Oxime in the Presence of Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate.
Authors: Xu Xiaoya , Li Jitai , Du Chao , Song Yali 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe significant advancements of the synthesis compared to reported methods are the reduced amount of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, shorter reaction period and higher product yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Methyl (2‐Hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)(aryl)methyl/benzylcarbamate Derivatives Using Magnesium(II) 2,2,2‐Trifluoroacetate as an Efficient Catalyst.
Authors: Shafiee Mohammad Reza Mohammad , Moloudi Raheleh , Ghashang Majid 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of title compounds (IV) and (VII) (16 examples) via a Mg(II)‐catalyzed three‐component reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of Some Novel N‐Heterocycle Methyl‐O‐oxime Ethers.
Authors: Soltani Rad Mohammad Navid , Behrouz Somayeh , Nekoei Abdo Reza , Faghih Zeinab , Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA convenient method is developed for the coupling of ketoximes, nitrogen heterocycles, and methylene iodide.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Functionalized 3‐Methylazetidines.
Authors: Stankovic Sonja , D'hooghe Matthias , Tehrani Kourosch Abbaspour , De Kimpe Norbert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDibromoaldimines (I) and (VI) are converted into target compounds (II) and (VI), which undergo nucleophilic substitution at the 3‐position to allow access to a variety of functionalized derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heterocycles of 2,3‐Diaryl‐Substituted Maleic Hydrazides.
Authors: Shih Hsiencheng , Shih Renshuay J. , Carson Dennis A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA variety of 2,3‐diaryl‐substituted maleic anhydrides (III) (20 examples) is synthesized via a modified Perkin condensation and transformed into corresponding maleimides [cf.