bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Lactation‐Associated Body Weight Loss, Levels of Metabolic and Reproductive Hormones and Weaning‐to‐Oestrous Interval in Primiparous Sows
Authors: Rojkittikhun T. , Einarsson S. , Edqvist L.‐E. , Uvnäs‐Moberg K. , Lundeheim N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwelve conventionally fed primiparous sows with a similar number of piglets were divided into 3 groups (n = 4) according to their body weight loss after a 5‐week lactation as follows: H‐gr (loss > 25 kg), M‐gr (loss 11–25 kg) and L‐gr (loss ≤ 10 kg). Blood samples were collected at 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 h, from 4 days before weaning until 3 days afterwards, and every 15 min for 6 h on the day before and the day after weaning. The group of sows with higher weight loss during lactation tended to have a higher farrowing weight and higher pre‐weaning plasma prolactin levels. At weaning, the L‐gr sows had higher plasma insulin and lower plasma cortisol concentrations, especially when compared with H‐gr sows. Among the ten sows that showed oestrus within 10 days of weaning, no between‐group differences were found in the length of the interval from weaning to oestrus. No significant differences between groups were observed in levels of oestradiol‐17β and LH. The higher level of insulin in L‐gr sows might relate to the higher number of corpora lutea observed in this group.
Bovine Vectocardiography: A Comparative Study Relative to the Validity of four Tridimensional Lead Systems
Authors: Amory H. , Rollin F. , Genicot B. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFor spatial vectocardiography to become applicable for cardiac investigation in cattle, it was necessary to develop a reliable standardized electrocardiographic lead system in this species. In this study, four tridimensional lead systems, initially developed in horses, were compared when applied in calves. Fifty seven electrocardiograms were collected. The between‐subject variability of the magnitude and angles of the tridimensional P, QRS and T modal vectors obtained by use of each lead system was compared. Reproducibility of vectocardiographic measurements was analyzed by comparing results obtained in 10 calves within a one day interval.The Holmes semi‐orthogonal lead system, giving the lowest between‐subject variability and the highest between‐day reproducibility, appeared to be the most reliable lead system in order to apply vectocardiography in the bovine species.
Endothelins
Authors: Vollmar Angelika M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe endothelins (ET) represent a novel family of at least three isopeptides (ET‐1, ET‐2, ET‐3), each consisting of 21 amino acids and two disulfide bridges. ET has originally been isolated from the supernatant of porcine aortic endothelial cells and has been found to be the most potent and long lasting vasoconstrictor agent yet discovered. ET is synthesized as a preprohormone and cleaved by unusual proteolytic processing. The different isoforms of ET seem to differ in their biological activity which may be due to interaction with different ET‐receptor subtypes (ETa, ETb, ETc) and their tissue distribution. Besides its vasoactive properties, ET evokes a variety of other effects, such as positive inotropic and chronotropic actions on the heart, the release of other regulatory substances (EDRF, prostanoids, ANP), as well as cellular mitogenesis. Therefore, the endothelins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a variety of cardiovascular disorders, however their precise role remains to be elucidated. Such research might have potential application on veterinary medicine learning about factors responsible for vascular damage and consecutely being able to treat or prevent various vascular diseases more specifically.
Blood Levels of Prostaglandin Metabolites (PGFM, PGEM) after Parturition in Cows with and without Retained Placenta Considering Spontaneous Calving and Dystocia
Authors: Heuwieser W. , Hoppen H.‐O. , Grunert E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBlood samples were taken from 71 Holstein Friesian cows at 0, 3, 24 and 48 hours after parturition. Peripheral plasma concentrations of prostaglandin F2α and E2 metabolites (PGFM, PGEM) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The cows were divided into 4 groups, according to type of calving (spontaneous, dystocia) and discharge of placenta. Group 1: spontaneous calving, shedding of placenta within 12 hours (SC, NRP, n = 19); group 2: spontaneous calving, retained placenta (SC, RP, n = 7); group 3: Dystocia, shedding of placenta within 12 hours (Dys, NRP, n = 32); group 4: Dystocia, retained placenta (Dys, RP, n = 13). The PGFM concentrations decreased within 3 hours after parturition only in NRP cows (groups 1 and 3, p < 0.05). Three hours after calving the animals of group 3 had considerably higher PGFM levels than those in group 4 (0.46 ± 0.26 vs 0.26 ± 0.11 ng/ml). Significant decreases (p < 0.05) in PGEM concentrations occurred in cows that shed the placenta within 24 hours after parturition. Cows that retained the placenta showed a significant slower decrease of the PGEM levels. It is concluded that postpartum prostaglandin levels are influenced by stress during parturition (dystocia, transportation) as well as by retained placenta.
A Comparative Study of Arterial and Venous Blood Acetate Concentration in Cows Fed Different Diets Close to Parturition
Authors: Björkman C. , Forslund K. , Holtenius P. , Olsson G. , Wiktorsson H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBlood samples were collected from the coccygeal artery and a jugular vein two weeks before expected calving, one to five days after calving and three weeks after calving of cows which were fed either a high roughage or a low roughage diet from four weeks before to 14 weeks after calving. The mean venous acetate concentration ranged from about half to three‐quarters of the arterial concentration. No differences were observed at any time between concentrations of acetate in either the arterial or venous blood of the cows on the different diets.
Influence of Substance P on Gastrointestinal Myoelectrical Activity in the Conscious Piglet
Authors: Wechsung E. , Houvenaghel A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn conscious piglets with electrodes implanted in the wall of the antrum pylori, the small intestine and the caecum, the influence of intravenous infusion of substance P (SP) (0.1 and 1 μg/kg/min for 2 hours) on gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity and arterial pressure was studied. SP was without significant influence on electrical activity of the antrum. However, intestinal myoelectrical activities were significantly stimulated. In the small intestine SP infusion resulted in an increase in frequency of migrating myoelectrical complexes and in irregular spiking activity, resulting in an augmentation of the integrated total activity. In the caecum SP provoked a prolongation of complexes of long spike bursts (LSB) as well as an increase in number of LSB/complex. In the studied doses SP had no significant effect on arterial pressure.
Untersuchungen zum Einfluß einer unterschiedlichen Energieversorgung auf die Wachstumsintensität und Skelettentwicklung bei wachsenden Doggen. 2. Mitteilung: Einfluß auf den insulinähnlichen Wachstumsfaktor I und auf Schilddrüsenhormone
Authors: Blum J.W. , Zentek J. , Meyer H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigations on the Influence of Different Energy Supply on Growth Performance and Skeletal Development of Growing Great Danes: Effects on the Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I and on Thyroid HormonesIn an experiment with 13 growing Great Danes (littermates) fed ad libitum (4 dogs) or restrictively (70% of ad libitum energy intake; 9 dogs), concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured in blood samples until the age of 6 months. In the ad libitum fed group, levels of T3 and T4 were partially and of IGF‐I were significantly (p < 0.01) elevated as compared with the control dogs. Postprandial changes of IGF‐I were absent in growing Great Danes as well as in a reference group of 3 adult beagles. Increased concentrations of IGF‐I, T3 and T4 could be causally related to osteochondrosis, which frequently occurs in intensively fed dogs.ZusammenfassungIn einem Versuch mit 13 wachsenden Doggen aus einem Wurf, die ad libitum (4 Tiere) bzw. restriktiv gefüttert wurden (70% der Energieaufnahme der ad libitum gefütterten 9 Tiere), wurden in verschiedenen Altersabschnitten Blutproben auf die Gehalte an insulinähnlichem Wachstumsfaktor I (IGF‐I), 3,5,3′‐Trijodthyronin (T3) sowie Thyroxin (T4) bis zu einem Alter von 6 Monaten untersucht. Während der gesamten Meßperiode lagen bei freier Verfügbarkeit des Futters die Gehalte an T3 und T4 teils signifikant und diejenigen des IGF‐I stets deutlich (p < 0,01) höher als bei der Kontrollgruppe. Postprandiale Veränderungen des IGF‐I waren weder bei den wachsenden noch bei den zu Vergleichszwecken herangezogenen adulten Beagles festzustellen. Erhöhte Konzentrationen von zirkulierenden IGF‐I, T4 und T3 könnten in kausalem Zusammenhang mit Osteochondrose stehen, die bei intensiv gefütterten Hunden häufig auftritt.
Monofrequency Oscillation Technique in Healthy and Pneumonic Calves Younger than 2 Months–Physiological Values and Methodological Aspects
Authors: Reinhold P. , Steinbach G. , Födisch G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryUsing the monofrequency oscillation technique, the oscillatory measured resistance of the respiratory system (Ros) was determined in healthy and pneumonic calves younger than 2 months. Using a face mask, measurements were done in unsedated animals directly in the calfhouse.106 clinically healthy calves were examined to determine the physiological range of Ros. Calves suffering from pneumonia showed significantly higher values of Roswhich were positively correlated with the severity of pneumonic lesions as established by pathological investigations. In healthy calves, the variability of Rosdue to biological aspects was found to be much higher than methodologically caused variability.It is concluded that the monofrequency oscillation technique is useful especially in individual investigations, e. g. control of therapy.ZusammenfassungMonofrequente Oszilloresistometrie bei gesunden und an Pneumonie erkrankten Kälbern im Alter bis zu 2 Monaten–physiologische Normwerte und methodische AspekteMit einem auf Basis der festfrequenten Oszilloresistometrie arbeitenden Atemwiderstandsmeßgerät erfolgte die Ermittlung der respiratorischen Impedanz, gemessen als oszillatorische Resistance (Ros), an gesunden und an klinisch spontan an Pneumonie erkrankten Kälbern im Alter bis zu zwei Monaten. Unter Verwendung einer Atemmaske wurden die Messungen an stehenden unsedierten Tieren direkt im Stall durchgeführt.An 106 klinisch gesunden Kälbern wurde der Normbereich für Rosermittelt. Im Zusammenhang mit klinisch manifesten pneumonischen Erkrankungen wurden signifikant erhöhte Atemwiderstandswerte registriert, die mit dem Schweregrad der entzündlichen Veränderungen am Respirationstrakt positiv korrelierten. Die an klinisch gesunden Tieren ermittelte biologisch bedingte Streuung der Meßwerte war deutlich größer als die methodisch bedingte.Aufgrund der Ergebnisse wird die monofrequente Oszilloresistometrie insbesondere für individuelle Verlaufsuntersuchungen (z. B. Therapiekontrollen an Einzeltieren) als geeignet angesehen.
Diabetes Mellitus in Cattle Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Mucosal Disease Virus
Authors: Tajima M. , Yazawa T. , Hagiwara K. , Kurosawa T. , Takahashi K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFour Japanese black cattle and four Holstein‐Friesian cows were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Based on intravenous glucose tolerance tests, all these animals were believed to be insulin‐dependent diabetics. Moreover, bovine viral diarrhea‐mucosal disease (BVD‐MD) virus was isolated and mucosal lesions and diarrhea were recognized in all cases. There was no genetic relation among the affected cattle. The breeding places of these cattle were different to each other. Therefore, it is suggested that BVD‐MD virus induced the diabetes mellitus.
Diurnal Changes in Cortisol Level, Neutrophil Number and Lyzozyme Activity in Foals during the First 13 Weeks of Life and in their Lactating Mothers
Authors: Flisińska‐Bojanowska A. , Gill J. , Grzelkowska K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn the blood of 11 foals and their lactating mothers (Standardbred) diurnal changes in the cortisol level, neutrophil number and lyzozyme activity were studied during the first 13 weeks of life. The investigations began when a foal reached 7 days of age and were repeated every two weeks till 13 weeks of age. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein every 4 hours for one day. Experiments were repeated in two following years. In the first year 6 mares and 6 foals born by these mares were examined, and in the second year — 5 of the mares from the first year and the 5 new foals borne by them. All horses were kept and fed under the same conditions.Diurnal rhythm in neutrophil number and lyzozyme activity was found neither in foals nor in mares. In the cortisol level a diurnal rhythm was found as early as in the first week of life of a foal as well as in the first week of lactation in mares. The mean diurnal values of cortisol level and lyzozyme activity in foal blood were lower by 58% and 22%, respectively, in comparison with mares.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests Using Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves and the Differential Positive Rate. An Example Using the Total Serum Bile Acid Concentration and the Alanine Aminotransferase Activity in the Diagnosis of Canine Hepatobiliary Diseases
Authors: Jensen A.L. , Poulsen J.S.D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe value of a diagnostic test depends in most cases on its ability to discriminate between patients with and without a certain disease. One way of evaluating a diagnostic test is to use the relative operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and the differential positive rate (DPR). The ROC curve displays the relationship between the true positive ratio and the false positive ratio for a range of cutoff values and it can be used to compare various diagnostic tests under equivalent conditions (equal true positive ratios or false positive ratios) and over the entire range of cutoff values. The DPR is the difference between the true positive ratio and the false positive ratio at various cutoff values and it can be used to obtain the cutoff value associated with the highest sensitivity and specificity.The purpose of this study was to describe the evaluation and comparison of diagnostic tests using ROC curves and DPR. Eventually, the positive and negative predictive values were used to assess the differences between the sensitivity and specificity obtained when the upper limit of the reference interval, or the optimal cutoff value indicated by the DPR, was used as cutoff value. To illustrate the methods, the 2 h post‐prandial total serum bile acid concentration (PSBA) and the alanine aminotransferase activity (ALAT) in the diagnosis of primary or secondary hepatobiliary diseases in dogs were used. The ROC curves showed, as expected from previous studies, that PSBA was superior to ALAT in diagnosing dogs with hepatobiliary diseases. Using DPR, the optimal cutoff value for PSBA was suggested to be 15.48 μmol/l. Compared to the traditionally used cutoff value of 22.24 μmol/l, no decisive difference in the positive predictive values were observed. However, the cutoff value of 15.48 μmol/l appeared to produce higher negative predictive values compared to a cutoff value of 22.24 μmol/l. Seemingly, ROC curves and DPR are simple methods useful to the evaluation of diagnostic tests and due to the simplicity, there seems to be a great potential for these methods in the evaluation of diagnostic tests in veterinary medicine.
Cardiac Function, Morphology and Chromosomal Aberrations in a Calf with Ectopia Cordis Cervicalis
Authors: Windberger Ursula , Forstenpointner G. , Grabenwöger F. , Kopp E. , Künzel W. , Mayr B. , Pernthaner A. , Simon P. , Losert U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA male calf with ectopia cordis cervicalis inferior was investigated clinically, hemodynamically, and morphologically from the 3rd day of age until slaughter at the age of 22 months. Arterial hypertension (mean AOP 140 mm Hg), concentric myocardial hypertrophy and good ventricular contractility with normal valve function were found. Normal clinical condition at rest (cardiac output 48 l/min in the 600 kg bullock), but cyanosis and dyspnoe during physical exercise were observed. Variations in the large vessels, such as persistence of the right cranial caval vein and one common pulmonary vein emptying into the left atrium, were found. Abrupt caliber differences of large arterial vessels together with a right angled aortic arch were observed, presumably contributing to increased afterload. The cytogenetic analysis showed the presence of a small marker chromosome leading to a chromosome number of 61 in a fraction of metaphases (mosaicism). Moreover, chromosome breakages were observed in many cells. From the 5 cows which were inseminated, 3 became pregnant. Ectopia cordis was not observed in any offspring. We conclude that in this animal compensated cardiac insufficiency with peripheral hypertension was established.
Der Gehalt an DNA, RNA und Protein sowie das Frischmasse: DNA‐, das Protein: DNA‐ und das RNA: DNA‐Verhältnis in Geweben von männlichen Kälbern, von Bullen, von Muchsen und von Ochsen während der Wachstumsperiode
Authors: Kolb E. , Büchner A. , Dittrich H. , Siebert P. , Vallentin G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Content of DNA, RNA and Protein as well as the Fresh Weight: DNA‐, the Protein: DNA‐ and the RNA: DNA‐Ratio in Tissues of Male Calves, of Bulls, of Short Scrotum Bulls and of Oxen during the Growth PeriodIn male calves, in bulls, in short scrotum bulls and in oxen of different age the content of DNA, RNA and protein in various tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, ventricles, lung, liver, cortex of the kidney, spleen, testicles, M. semimembranosus) was analysed. The fresh weight: DNA‐, the protein: DNA‐ and the RNA: DNA‐ratios were calculated. In the age of 78 weeks the short scrotum bulls had a body weight of 577 ± 44, the bulls of 550 ± 21 and the oxen of 462 ± 41 kg. The testicles of the short scrotum bulls were smaller than that of the bulls. The differences in the content of DNA, RNA and protein per g tissue between male calves, bulls, short scrotum bulls and oxen of the same age were in part significant. The total content of DNA, of RNA and of protein for the 78 weeks old as well as the number of nuclei of the lung, the liver, the spleen and the testicles for the 6 and 78 weeks old animals were calculated. The biochemical parameters can be used for the characterization of the inhibition of growth of the different organs of calves and cattle by malnutrition and diseases.ZusammenfassungBei männlichen Kälbern, bei Bullen, bei Muchsen und bei Ochsen unterschiedlichen Alters wurde der Gehalt an DNA, RNA und Protein in verschiedenen Geweben (Großhirn, Kleinhirn, Rückenmark, Herzkammern, Lunge, Leber, Nierenrinde, Milz, Hoden, M. semimembranosus) bestimmt. Der FM: DNA‐, der Protein: DNA‐ und der RNA: DNA‐Quotient in den Geweben wurde berechnet. Im Alter von 78 Wochen wiesen die Muchsen eine KM von 577 ± 44, die Bullen von 550 ± 21 und die Ochsen von 462 ± 41 kg auf. Die Hoden der Muchsen waren kleiner als die der Bullen. Die Unterschiede im Gehalt an DNA, RNA und Protein je g Gewebe zwischen den männlichen Kälbern, den Bullen, den Muchsen und den Ochsen gleichen Alters waren teilweise signifikant. Der Gesamtgehalt an DNA, RNA und Protein für die 78 Wochen alten sowie die Zahl der Zellkerne der Lunge, der Leber, der Milz und der Hoden bei den 6 und 78 Wochen alten Tieren wurden berechnet. Die biochemischen Kennwerte können zur Charakterisierung des Wachstums der verschiedenen Organe von Kälbern und Rindern bei Mängeln in der Fütterung und bei Erkrankungen verwendet werden.
Simplification of Superovulation Induction in Rabbits by Means of Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin Dissolved in Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Kanayama K. , Endo T. , Sakuma Y. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySuperovulation induction methods in rabbits were simplified by a single subcutaneous (sc) injection of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) dissolved in a 25% solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Superovulatory response was considered satisfactory at sc dose of 60 IU hMG‐PVP. Fertilization rates were considered acceptable at doses ranging from 15–90 IU hMG but not at the 120 IU dose. The findings suggest that a single sc injection of 60 IU hMG in 25% PVP will induce a satisfactory superovulatory response in rabbits.
Ultrasonographic Examination of the Left Kidney, the Urinary Bladder, and the Urethra in Cows
Authors: BRAUN U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to determine the position, dimensions and structure of the left kidney, the urinary bladder and the urethra in cattle by use of ultrasonography. The left kidney, the urinary bladder and the urethra of 12 healthy, Swiss Braunvieh cows were examined transrectally using a 5.0 MHz linear transducer 10 times within two weeks. The lobulation of the kidney in cattle could be visualized ultrasonographically. The echogenicity of various renal structures differed. The renal cortex was hyperechoic in comparison to the relative hypoechoic renal medullary pyramids. The urinary bladder was always visible but its diameter varied greatly.The vertical diameter of the left kidney was 6.2 ± 1.0 cm in the region of the renal hilus. In 7 cows the thickness of renal cortex and medulla was between 2.0 and 2.3 cm. The diameter of the renal sinus varied from 1.1 to 2.5 cm. The interassay coefficients of variation of the variables measured varied between 8.5 and 16.5%. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic values determined in this study can be used as references for the diagnosis of morphologic changes in the bovine left kidney.
Der Gehalt an DNA, RNA und Protein sowie der Frischmasse: DNA‐, der Protein: DNA‐ und der RNA: DNA‐Quotient in 19 verschiedenen Geweben von Rinderfeten unterschiedlicher Körpermasse
Authors: KOLB E. , LEO M. , SIEBERT P. , VALLENTIN G. 
Published: May 2010

The Content of DNA, RNA, and Protein as well as the Wet Weight: DNA‐, the Protein: DNA‐ and the RNA: DNA‐Ratio in 19 Different Tissues of Cattle‐Fetuses with a Different Body WeightIn 3 groups of fetuses (n = 6 each) of cattle with a body mass of 4.18 ± 2.1 (about 160 days old), of 9.72 ± 0.97 (about 200 days old) and of 17.12 ± 2.61 kg (about 230 days old) the content of DNA, RNA and protein in 19 different tissues was analysed. The wet weight: DNA‐, the protein: DNA‐ and the RNA: DNA‐ratios were calculated. The growth of the different tissues in the mentioned period of the development of the fetuses by hyperplasia and hypertrophy is discussed.ZusammenfassungBei je 6 Rinderfeten mit einer Körpermasse von 4,18 ± 2,01 (etwa 160 Tage alt), von 9,72 ± 0,97 (etwa 200 Tage alt) und von 17,12 ± 2,61 kg (etwa 230 Tage alt) wurde der Gehalt an DNA, RNA und Protein in 19 verschiedenen Geweben analysiert. Die Frischmasse: DNA‐, die Protein: DNA‐ und die RNA: DNA‐Quotienten wurden berechnet. Das Wachstum der verschiedenen Gewebe im genannten Zeitraum der Entwicklung der Feten durch Zellvermehrung und Zellvergrößerung wird diskutiert.