bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why a New Journal?
Authors: ROSS ARTHUR M. 
Published: January 2012

Speaking both personally and officially, I am delighted to salute the appearance of this first issue of Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society.Since my service as the first Director of the Institute of Industrial Relations at Berkeley, I have retained a close personal attachment to the Institute and a sense of pride in its growing record of accomplishment. And because I am a student in the industrial relations field, I can speak with some personal conviction of the great need for this type of publication.As President of the University of California, I am pleased to see this new venture undertaken by the Institute of Industrial Relations, one of the University’s many important research and service organizations. The publication of new knowledge, insight, and scholarly speculation is an essential part of the advancement of learning. The free marketplace of ideas cannot operate effectively without the avenues of communication provided by the scholarly journals which serve every field of research. I am sure that Industrial Relations will prove a stimulating vehicle for the exchange and development of ideas about a highly significant segment of modern industrial society.
The vincamine derivative vindeburnol provides benefit in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis: effects on the Locus coeruleus
Authors: Polak Paul E. , Kalinin Sergey , Braun David , Sharp Anthony , Lin Shao X. , Feinstein Douglas L. 
Published: January 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 206–216.AbstractThe endogenous neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) plays several roles in maintaining brain homeostasis, including exerting anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. The primary source of NA in the CNS are tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive neurons located in the Locus coeruleus (LC) which send projections throughout the brain and spinal cord. We recently demonstrated that dysregulation of the LC:Noradrenergic system occurs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as well as in MS patients, associated with damage occurring to LC neurons. Vindeburnol, a structural analog of the cerebral vasodilator vincamine, was previously reported to increase TH expression and activity in LC neurons. Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35‐55 peptide, and treated with vindeburnol at the first appearance of clinical signs. Clinical signs continued to increase for about 1 week, at which point mice in the vehicle group continued to worsen while vindeburnol‐treated mice showed improvement. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine production from splenic T cells was not reduced by vindeburnol suggesting primarily central actions of treatment. In the cerebellum, vindeburnol decreased astrocyte activation and reduced the number of demyelinated regions. Vindeburnol reduced astrocyte activation in the LC, reduced TH+ neuronal hypertrophy, increased expression of several genes involved in LC survival and maturation, and increased NA levels in the spinal cord. These results suggest that treatments with drugs such as vindeburnol which target LC survival or function could be of benefit in MS patients.
How to solve the problem of spontaneous bacterial clearance when testing new antibiotic treatment: results on experimental pneumonia due to a derepressed cephalosporinase‐producing Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Jacolot Anne , Judel Claire , Louchahi Kamel , Tod Michel , Marchand Sandrine , Petitjean Olivier , Mimoz Olivier 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBecause the magnitude of spontaneous bacterial clearance can be similar or even higher than treatment effect, depending upon experimental model and bacterial strain used, this work investigated the value of rendering rats immunosuppressed to facilitate bacterial implantation and reduce spontaneous bacterial clearance. In a first step, rats received a single intravenous cyclophosphamide dose 4 days before infection. Three different doses were tested: 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. After modeling with NONMEM V, the cyclophosphamide dose required to maintain white blood cell count <1.0 × 103/μL from day 4 to day 5 was 30 mg/kg. In a second step, influence of immunosuppression on lung bacterial titers was characterized. Rats were given one of the three intravenous cyclophosphamide doses (0, 10, 30 mg/kg), and after 4 days, they were infected by tracheal injection of 8.9 ± 0.1 log10 cfu Enterobacter cloacae before being sacrificed at different times. Bacteria in homogenized lungs were quantitatively cultured on Drigalski agar. Bacterial lung count was closely influenced by the grade of induced leukopenia. A single intravenous 30 mg/kg cyclophosphamide dose 4 days before infection suppressed the spontaneous clearance of E. cloacae for at least 30 h without significantly increasing animal mortality; this result seems to be linked to a white blood cell count maintained lower than 1.0 × 103/μL for all the time. This modified animal model could be contributive in the evaluation of antibacterial agents, especially to simulate the behavior of intensive care unit immunocompromised patients.
Proprietary Costs and the Disclosure of Information About Customers
Authors: ELLIS JESSE A. , FEE C. EDWARD , THOMAS SHAWN E. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT In deciding how much information about their firms’ customers to disclose, managers face a trade off between the benefits of reducing information asymmetry with capital market participants and the costs of aiding competitors by revealing proprietary information. This paper investigates the determinants of managers’ choices to disclose information about their firms’ customers using a comprehensive data set of customer‐information disclosures over the period 1976–2006. We find robust evidence in support of the hypothesis that proprietary costs are an important factor in firms’ disclosure choices regarding information about large customers.
Transparency, Liquidity, and Valuation: International Evidence on When Transparency Matters Most
Authors: LANG MARK , LINS KARL V. , MAFFETT MARK 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT We examine the relation between firm‐level transparency, stock market liquidity, and valuation across countries, focusing on whether the relation varies with a firm's characteristics and economic environment. We document lower transaction costs and greater liquidity (as measured by lower bid‐ask spreads and fewer zero‐return days) for firms with greater transparency (as measured by less evidence of earnings management, better accounting standards, higher quality auditors, more analyst following, and more accurate analyst forecasts). The relation between transparency and liquidity is more pronounced in periods of high volatility, when investor protection, disclosure requirements, and media penetration are poor, and when ownership is more concentrated, suggesting that firm‐level transparency matters more when overall investor uncertainty is greater. Increased liquidity is associated with lower implied cost of capital and with higher valuation as measured by Tobin's Q. Finally, a mediation analysis suggests that liquidity is a significant channel through which transparency affects firm valuation and equity cost of capital.
Effects of Intervention Using a Community‐Based Walking Program for Prevention of Mental Decline: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Maki Yohko , Ura Chiaki , Yamaguchi Tomoharu , Murai Tatsuhiko , Isahai Mikie , Kaiho Ayumi , Yamagami Tetsuya , Tanaka Satoshi , Miyamae Fumiko , Sugiyama Mika , Awata Shuichi , Takahashi Ryutaro , Yamaguchi Haruyasu 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of a municipality‐led walking program under the Japanese public Long‐Term Care Insurance Act to prevent mental decline.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingThe city of Takasaki.ParticipantsOne hundred fifty community members aged 72.0 ± 4.0 were randomly divided into intervention (n = 75) and control (n = 75) groups.InterventionA walking program was conducted once a week for 90 minutes for 3 months. The program encouraged participants to walk on a regular basis and to increase their steps per day gradually. The intervention was conducted in small groups of approximately six, so combined benefits of exercise and social interaction were expected.MeasurementsCognitive function was evaluated focusing on nine tests in five domains: memory, executive function, word fluency, visuospatial abilities, and sustained attention. Quality of life (QOL), depressive state, functional capacity, range of activities, and social network were assessed using questionnaires, and motor function was evaluated.ResultsSignificant differences between the intervention and control groups were shown in word fluency related to frontal lobe function (F(1, 128) = 6.833, P = .01), QOL (F(1,128) = 9.751, P = .002), functional capacity including social interaction (F(1,128) = 13.055, P < .001), and motor function (Timed Up and Go Test: F(1,127) = 10.117, P = .002). No significant differences were observed in other cognitive tests.ConclusionWalking programs may provide benefits in some aspects of cognition, QOL, and functional capacity including social interaction in elderly community members. This study could serve as the basis for implementation of a community‐based intervention to prevent mental decline.
An Economic Toolkit for Identifying the Cost of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems: Detailed Methodology of the EMS Cost Analysis Project (EMSCAP)
Authors: Brooke Lerner E. , Garrison Herbert G. , Nichol Graham , Maio Ronald F. , Lookman Hunaid A. , Sheahan William D. , Franz Timothy R. , Austad James D. , Ginster Aaron M. , Spaite Daniel W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCalculating the cost of an emergency medical services (EMS) system using a standardized method is important for determining the value of EMS. This article describes the development of a methodology for calculating the cost of an EMS system to its community. This includes a tool for calculating the cost of EMS (the “cost workbook”) and detailed directions for determining cost (the “cost guide”). The 12‐step process that was developed is consistent with current theories of health economics, applicable to prehospital care, flexible enough to be used in varying sizes and types of EMS systems, and comprehensive enough to provide meaningful conclusions. It was developed by an expert panel (the EMS Cost Analysis Project [EMSCAP] investigator team) in an iterative process that included pilot testing the process in three diverse communities. The iterative process allowed ongoing modification of the toolkit during the development phase, based upon direct, practical, ongoing interaction with the EMS systems that were using the toolkit. The resulting methodology estimates EMS system costs within a user‐defined community, allowing either the number of patients treated or the estimated number of lives saved by EMS to be assessed in light of the cost of those efforts. Much controversy exists about the cost of EMS and whether the resources spent for this purpose are justified. However, the existence of a validated toolkit that provides a standardized process will allow meaningful assessments and comparisons to be made and will supply objective information to inform EMS and community officials who are tasked with determining the utilization of scarce societal resources.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:1–7 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Point‐of‐care Focused Cardiac Ultrasound for the Assessment of Thoracic Aortic Dimensions, Dilation, and Aneurysmal Disease
Authors: Andrew Taylor R. , Oliva Isabel , Van Tonder Reinier , Elefteriades John , Dziura James , Moore Christopher L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives:  Thoracic aortic aneurysm and thoracic aortic dissection are related and potentially deadly diseases that present with nonspecific symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) may detect thoracic aortic pathology and is being increasingly performed by the emergency physician at the bedside; however, the accuracy of point‐of‐care (POC) focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) for thoracic aortic aneurysm and thoracic aortic dissection has not been studied. The objective of this pilot study was to explore the agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of FOCUS for thoracic aortic dimensions, dilation, and aneurysm compared with CT angiography (CTA) as the reference standard.Methods:  This study was a retrospective pilot analysis of image and chart data on consecutive patients presenting to an urban, academic emergency department (ED) between January 2008 and June 2010, who had both a FOCUS and a CTA for suspicion of thoracic aorta pathology. Thoracic aorta dimensions were measured from recordings by three ultrasound‐trained emergency physicians blinded to any initial FOCUS and CTA results. CTA measurements were obtained by a radiologist blinded to the FOCUS results. Using cutoffs of 40 and 45 mm, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity of FOCUS for aortic dilation and aneurysm with the largest measurement on CT as the reference standard. Bland‐Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement were used to demonstrate agreement for aortic measurements, kappa statistics to assess the degree of agreement between tests for aortic dilation, and intraclass correlation for interobserver and intraobserver variability.Results:  Ninety‐two patients underwent both FOCUS and CTA during the study period. Ten FOCUS studies had inadequate visualization for all measurements areas. Eighty‐two patients were included in the final analysis. Mean (±SD) age was 58.1 (±16.6) years and 58.5% were male. Sensitivity, specificity, and the observed kappa value (95% confidence interval [CI]) between FOCUS and CTA for the presence of aortic dilation at the 40‐mm cutoff were 0.77 (95% CI = 0.58 to 0.98), 0.95 (95% CI = 0.84 to 0.99), and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.58 to 0.90), respectively. The mean difference (95% limits of agreement) for the Bland‐Altman plots was 0.6 mm (−5.3 to 6.5) for the sinuses of Valsalva, 4 mm (−2.7 to 10.7) for the sinotubular junction, 1.5 mm (−5.8 to 8.8) for the ascending aorta, and 2.2 mm (−5.9 to 10.3) for the descending aorta.Conclusions:  In this retrospective pilot study, FOCUS demonstrated good agreement with CTA measurements of maximal thoracic aortic diameter. FOCUS appears to be specific for aortic dilation and aneurysm when compared to CTA, but requires further prospective study.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:1–4 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Melatonin‐induced autophagy protects against human prion protein‐mediated neurotoxicity
Authors: Jeong Jae‐Kyo , Moon Myung‐Hee , Lee You‐Jin , Seol Jae‐Won , Park Sang‐Youel 
Published: January 2012

Abstract: Melatonin has neuroprotective effects in the models of neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Several studies have shown that melatonin prevents neurodegeneration by regulation of mitochondrial function. However, the protective action of melatonin has not been reported in prion disease. We investigated the influence of melatonin on prion‐mediated neurotoxicity. Melatonin rescued neuronal cells from PrP(106–126)‐induced neurotoxicity by prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the protective effect of melatonin against mitochondrial dysfunction was related with autophagy activation. Melatonin‐treated cells were dose‐dependently increased in LC3‐II, an autophagy marker. Melatonin‐induced autophagy prevented a PrP(106–126)‐induced reduction in mitochondrial potential and translocation of Bax to the mitochondria and cytochrome c release. On the other hand, downregulation of autophagy protein 5 with Atg5 siRNA or the autophagy blocker 3‐methyladenine prevented the melatonin‐mediated neuroprotective effects. This is the first report demonstrating that treatment with melatonin appears to protect against prion‐mediated neurotoxicity and that the neuroprotection is induced by melatonin‐mediated autophagy signals. The results of this study suggest that regulation of melatonin is a therapeutic strategy for prion peptide‐induced apoptosis.
Apicoplast Targeting of a Toxoplasma gondii Transmembrane Protein Requires a Cytosolic Tyrosine‐Based Motif
Authors: DeRocher Amy E. , Karnataki Anuradha , Vaney Pashmi , Parsons Marilyn 
Published: January 2012

Toxoplasma gondii, like most apicomplexan parasites, possesses an essential relict chloroplast, the apicoplast. Several apicoplast membrane proteins lack the bipartite targeting sequences of luminal proteins. Vesicles bearing these membrane proteins are detected during apicoplast enlargement, but the means of cargo selection remains obscure. We used a combination of deletion mutagenesis, point mutations and protein chimeras to identify a short motif prior to the first transmembrane domain of the T. gondii apicoplast phosphate transporter 1 (APT1) that is necessary for apicoplast trafficking. Tyrosine 16 was essential for proper localization; any substitution resulted in misdirection of APT1 to the Golgi body. Glycine 17 was also important, with significant Golgi body accumulation in the alanine mutant. Separation of at least eight amino acids from the transmembrane domain was required for full motif function. Similarly placed YG motifs are present in apicomplexan APT1 orthologs and the corresponding N‐terminal domain from Plasmodium vivax was able to route T. gondii APT1 to the apicoplast. Differential permeabilization showed that both the N‐ and C‐termini of APT1 are exposed to the cytosol. We propose that this YG motif facilitates APT1 trafficking via interactions that occur on the cytosolic face of nascent vesicles destined for the apicoplast.
Comparison of mandibular bone mineral density in osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal elderly edentulous subjects measured by the dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry technique
Authors: Buyukkaplan Ulviye Sebnem , Guldag Musa Ustun , Yildiz Mustafa , Gumus Burcin Askim 
Published: January 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00625.xComparison of mandibular bone mineral density in osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal elderly edentulous subjects measured by the dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry techniqueObjective:  The aim of this study was to compare the mandibular body bone mineral density according to bone mineral density status of spine and femur measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique in elderly edentulous individuals.Background:  One of the factors that affect the survival rate of implants is bone mineral density (BMD) of the jaws.Materials and methods:  Fifty edentulous elderly patients’ (27 women and 23 men) spine, femur and the mandibular body BMDs were measured using DXA technique. BMD scans of the AP lumbar spine (L2–L3) and femur were classified using World Health Organisation criteria for bone mass.Results:  There was a statistically significant difference between the normal femur group’s–osteoporosis group’s mandibular body BMD (p = 0.001) and femoral osteopaenia group’s–osteoporosis group’s mandibular body BMD (p < 0.001). The femoral osteoporosis group’s mandibular body BMDs were lower than those of both the normal femoral and the femoral osteopaenia group subjects’.Conclusion:  Classification of edentulous mandibles according to low and high bone mineral densities is a problem in implant dentistry. The results of this study demonstrated that femoral bone mineral density status may be used to provide preliminary information about the bone mineral density of the mandibular body region in elderly edentulous subjects.
ASSESSING DANGER: WHAT JUDGES NEED TO KNOW
Authors: Nichols‐Hadeed Corey , Cerulli Catherine , Kaukeinen Kimberly , Rhodes Karin V. , Campbell Jacquelyn 
Published: January 2012

Every day, judges are faced with decisions regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) victims' requests for protection orders, custody arrangements, and visitation schedules. To make informed decisions, judges must understand victims' risk for future violence. This mixed method study explores the extent to which protection order petitions (n = 169) communicate victims' current danger and future risk of violence. Methods included interviews coupled with an archival review of court petitions. Findings suggest judges are inadequately prepared to render decisions to improve victim safety in the absence of standardized risk assessments. The Danger Assessment provides an evidence‐based solution to routinize intake interviews with victims petitioning the court.Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Court personnel should ask petitioners specific questions regarding risk factors when drafting protection orders.
The Danger Assessment is an evidenced based tool that could be used to standardize intake interviews with individuals petitioning the court for protection orders.
Information regarding risk factors will help judges issue more informed protection orders and increase petitioner safety.
Influence of HLA alleles in response to treatment with pegylated interferon‐alpha and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Marangon A. V. , Moliterno R. A. , Sell A. M. , de Moraes C. F. V. , Grotto R. M. T. , Pardini M. C. , De Pauli D. S. , Visentainer J. E. L. , Silva G. F. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe objective of this study was to analyse the possible role of HLA polymorphism of chronically infected hepatitis C virus patients in the response outcome to treatment with pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin. To that end, 144 Brazilian patients infected only with genotype 1 of the virus were treated with pegylated interferon‐alpha at 1.5 μg kg−1 in conjunction with ribavirin (1000 mg if patient weight was <75 kg and 1250 mg if >75 kg) for 48 weeks. The patients did not have concomitant HBV or HIV infections or liver disease, did not undergo previous antiviral treatment, and were followed up for 24 weeks after the end of treatment to assure they presented a sustained virological response. Patients were classified according to response to treatment in responsive (SVR), nonresponsive (NRS) and relapsers (REL). HLA class I and class II typing were carried out through PCR‐SSO using Luminex technology. A statistically higher frequency of DRB1*11 patients was observed in the SVR group (39.6% vs. 14.3%P = 0.0012; Pc = 0.0156; OR = 3.94; 95% CI = 1.8–8.8). HLA‐DQB1*03 patients were also more frequent in the SVR group, but the P value lost significance after Bonferroni correction (62.3% vs. 41.7%P = 0.024; Pc = 0.14, OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.14–4.60). HLA class II antigens can positively influence the response to treatment with pegylated interferon‐alpha and ribavirin.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 polymorphisms and the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Arrieta‐Bolaños E. , Alejandro Madrigal J. , Shaw B. E. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure used to treat malignant and nonmalignant haematological diseases, congenital immunodeficiency syndromes, solid tumours and metabolic diseases. Despite its usefulness, several major complications, such as graft‐versus‐host disease, can negatively affect patients treated with HSCT. Apart from clinical factors well known to affect the outcome of HSCT, patient and donor genetics have been shown to play an important role in the susceptibility to post‐transplant complications. Histocompatibility as determined by the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system has been a major genetic determinant of the success of HSCT. Non‐HLA immunogenetics are increasingly recognized to play a part in the events related to transplantation. Cytokine genes, and their receptors, bear a considerable amount of polymorphism. One of the genes that may play an important role on the outcome of allogeneic HSCT is TGFB1, which encodes transforming growth factor, βeta 1 (TGF‐β1). TGF‐β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine, which plays a central role in the development, homeostasis and responses of the immune system. Several functional polymorphisms in TGFB1 have been identified, and these are known to cause alterations in cytokine secretion in several settings. The present review will focus on the current knowledge surrounding the effect of polymorphisms within TGFB1 on the outcome of HSCT.