bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving Near‐Ideal Subthreshold Swing in P‐Type WSe2 Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Ali Fida , Choi Hyungyu , Ali Nasir , Hassan Yasir , Ngo Tien Dat , Ahmed Faisal , Park Won‐Kyu , Sun Zhipei , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of near‐ideal subthreshold swing (SS) ≈ 60 mV dec−1 is a primary driving force to realize the power‐efficient field‐effect transistors (FETs). This challenge is particularly pronounced in 2D material‐based FETs, where the presence of a large interface trap density (Dit) imposes limitations on electrostatic control, consequently escalating power consumption. In this study, the gate controllability of 2D FETs is systematically analyzed by fabricating pre‐patterned van der Waals (vdW)‐contacted p‐FETs, varying the WSe2 channel thickness from monolayer to ten‐layer. As a result, the channel thickness is optimized to achieve efficient gate controllability while minimizing Dit. The findings demonstrate negligible hysteresis and excellent subthreshold swing (SSmin) close to the thermal limit (≈60 mV dec−1), with a corresponding Dit of ≈1010 cm−2 eV−1, comparable to Dit values observed in state‐of‐the‐art Si transistors, when utilizing WSe2 channel thicknesses ≥ five‐layer. However, reducing the WSe2 channel thickness below the trilayer, SSmin (≈91 mV dec−1) deviates from the thermal limit, attributed to a comparatively higher Dit (≈1011 cm−2 eV−1), despite the still lower than values reported for surface‐contacted 2D transistors. Furthermore, all devices exhibit consistent p‐type characteristics, featuring a high ION/IOFF ratio, high mobility, and excellent electrical stability confirmed over several months.
Long‐term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise and incidence of dementia in the Danish Nurse Cohort
Authors: Tuffier Stéphane , Zhang Jiawei , Bergmann Marie , So Rina , Napolitano George Maria , Cole‐Hunter Thomas , Maric Matija , Antic Sonja , Brandt Jørgen , Ketzel Matthias , Loft Steffen , Lim Youn‐Hee , Andersen Zorana Jovanovic 
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe examined the association of long‐term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with dementia incidence in the Danish Nurse Cohort.METHODSFemale nurses were followed for dementia incidence (hospital contact or medication prescription) from 1993/1999 to 2020. Air pollution and road traffic noise levels were estimated at nurses’ residences, and their associations with dementia were examined using Cox regression models.RESULTSOf 25,233 nurses 1409 developed dementia. Particulate matter with a diameter of ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) was associated with dementia incidence, after adjusting for lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and road traffic noise (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.35 [1.15–1.59] per interquartile range of 2.6 µg/m3). There was no association of PM2.5 with dementia in physically active nurses. Association with road traffic noise diminished after adjusting for PM₂.₅ (1.02 [0.93–1.11] per 7.6 dB).DISCUSSIONLong‐term exposure to air pollution increases risk of dementia, and physical activity may moderate this risk.Highlights
Long‐term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased risk of dementia among female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort.
Association of air pollution with dementia was independent of road traffic noise.
Association of road traffic noise with dementia diminished after adjusting for air pollution.
Physical activity moderated adverse effects of air pollution on dementia.
Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in the community: Variation by chronic diseases and inflammatory status
Authors: Valletta Martina , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Rizzuto Debora , Winblad Bengt , Canevelli Marco , Andersson Sarah , Dale Matilda , Fredolini Claudia , Fratiglioni Laura , Grande Giulia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe explored the variations of blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by chronic diseases and systemic inflammation.METHODSWe explored the association of AD blood biomarkers with chronic diseases and systemic inflammation (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6]), in 2366 dementia‐free participants of the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care‐in Kungsholmen, using quantile regression models.RESULTSA greater number of co‐occurring chronic diseases was associated with higher concentrations of phosphorylated‐tau 181 (p‐tau181), total‐tau (t‐tau), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (p < 0.01). Anemia, kidney, cerebrovascular, and heart diseases were associated with variations in the levels of AD blood biomarkers. Participants in the highest (vs. lowest) interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) tertile had higher NfL concentration. Systemic inflammation amplified the associations between several chronic diseases and p‐tau181, t‐tau, NfL, and GFAP.DISCUSSIONIn the community, the concentration of AD blood biomarkers varies in relation to medical conditions and systemic inflammation. Recognizing these influences is crucial for the accurate interpretation and clinical implementation of blood biomarkers.Highlights
Participants with a complex clinical profile (i.e., multiple co‐occurring diseases or specific disease combinations) display elevated levels of AD blood‐biomarkers.
Anemia, heart, cerebrovascular, and kidney diseases are associated with variations is the levels of AD blood biomarkers in cognitively intact older adults.
Systemic inflammation amplifies the association between several chronic diseases and AD blood biomarkers.
A Bioorthogonal Dual Fluorogenic Probe for the Live‐Cell Monitoring of Nutrient Uptake by Mammalian Cells
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Torres‐García Diana , Mostert Thijmen P. , Reinalda Luuk , Van Kasteren Sander I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCells rely heavily on the uptake of exogenous nutrients for survival, growth, and differentiation. Yet quantifying the uptake of small molecule nutrients at the single cell level is difficult. Here we present a new approach to studying the nutrient uptake in live single cells using Inverse Electron‐Demand Diels Alder (IEDDA) chemistry. We have modified carboxyfluorescein‐diacetate‐succinimidyl esters (CFSE)—a quenched fluorophore that can covalently react with proteins and is only turned on in the cytosol of a cell following esterase activity—with a tetrazine. This tetrazine serves as a second quencher for the pendant fluorophore. Upon reaction with nutrients modified with an electron‐rich or strained dienophile in an IEDDA reaction, this quenching group is destroyed, thereby enabling the probe to fluoresce. This has allowed us to monitor the uptake of a variety of dienophile‐containing nutrients in live primary immune cell populations using flow cytometry and live‐cell microscopy.
Functionalization of Supramolecular Polymers by Dynamic Covalent Boroxine Chemistry
Authors: Preuss Marco D. , Schnitzer Tobias , Jansen Stef A. H. , Meskers Stefan C. J. , Kuster Tom H. R. , Lou Xianwen , Meijer E. W. , Vantomme Ghislaine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMolecular scaffolds that enable the combinatorial synthesis of new supramolecular building blocks are promising targets for the construction of functional molecular systems. Here, we report a supramolecular scaffold based on boroxine that enables the formation of chiral and ordered 1D supramolecular polymers, which can be easily functionalized for circularly polarized luminescence. The boroxine monomers are quantitatively synthesized in situ, both in bulk and in solution, from boronic acid precursors and cooperatively polymerize into 1D helical aggregates stabilized by threefold hydrogen‐bonding and π–π stacking. We then demonstrate amplification of asymmetry in the co‐assembly of chiral/achiral monomers and the co‐condensation of chiral/achiral precursors in classical and in situ sergeant‐and‐soldiers experiments, respectively, showing fast boronic acid exchange reactions occurring in the system. Remarkably, co‐condensation of pyrene boronic acid with a hydrogen‐bonding chiral boronic acid results in chiral pyrene aggregation with circularly polarized excimer emission and g‐values in the order of 10−3. Yet, the electron deficiency of boron in boroxine makes them chemically addressable by nucleophiles, but also sensitive to hydrolysis. With this sensitivity in mind, we provide first insights into the prospects offered by boroxine‐based supramolecular polymers to make chemically addressable, functional, and adaptive systems.
Circularly Polarized Room Temperature Phosphorescence through Twisting‐Induced Helical Structures from Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Based Fibers Containing Hydrogen‐Bonded Dyes
Authors: Liu Qin , Liu Xiaoqing , Yu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xinhai , Zhu Meifang , Cheng Yanhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRoom temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have garnered significant attention owing to its distinctive optical characteristics and broad range of potential applications. However, the challenge remains in producing RTP materials with more simplicity, versatility, and practicality on a large scale, particularly in achieving chiral signals within a single system. Herein, we show that a straightforward and effective combination of wet spinning and twisting technique enables continuously fabricating RTP fibers with twisting‐induced helical chirality. By leveraging the hydrogen bonding interactions between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and quinoline derivatives, along with the rigid microenvironment provided by PVA chains, typically, Q‐NH2@PVA fiber demonstrates outstanding phosphorescent characteristics with RTP lifetime of 1.08 s and phosphorescence quantum yield of 24.6 %, and the improved tensile strength being 1.7 times than pure PVA fiber (172±5.82 vs 100±5.65 MPa). Impressively, the transformation from RTP to circularly polarized room temperature phosphorescence (CP‐RTP) is readily achieved by imparting left‐ or right‐hand helical structure through simply twisting, enabling large‐scale production of chiral Q‐NH2@PVA fiber with dissymmetry factor of 10−2. Besides, an array of displays and encryption patterns are crafted by weaving or seaming to exemplify the promising applications of these PVA‐based fibers with outstanding adaptivity in cutting‐edge anti‐counterfeiting technology.
Adaptive Reaktion bei der Lösung von flexiblen Molekülen: Oligohydrate von 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐butanon
Authors: Li Meng , Li Wenqin , Pérez Cristóbal , Lesarri Alberto , Grabow Jens‐Uwe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDurch Wasser hervorgerufene Strukturveränderungen spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der Chemie und Biologie, sind aber auf molekularer Ebene nach wie vor schwer vorherzusagen, zu messen und zu kontrollieren. Hier untersuchen wir in der Gasphase die größenabhängige Wasseraggregation am flexiblen Molekül 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐butanon und modellieren die Konformationsanpassungsfähigkeit flexibler Substrate an Wirtswassergerüste, sowie die Präferenzen für sequentielles Tröpfchenwachstum. Das Experiment wurde mittels breitbandiger Rotationsspektroskopie durchgeführt und mit quantenchemischen Berechnungen nachvollzogen. Experimentell wurden vom Di‐ bis zum Pentahydrat (4‐Hydroxy‐2‐butanon‐(H2O)n=2–5) zwei verschiedene Isomere beobachtet, einschließlich der 18O‐Isotopologen für die Di‐ und Trihydrate. Um Wassermoleküle effektiv unterzubringen, verändert sich interessanterweise das schwere Atomgerüst von 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐butanon in jedem beobachteten Isomer und entspricht nicht der stabilen Konformation des freien Monomers. Alle Solvate gehen von der Alkoholgruppe (Protonendonor) aus, behalten aber die Carbonylgruppe als sekundären Bindungspunkt bei. Die Wassergerüste ähneln stark denen in reinen Wasserclustern und balancieren zwischen der Fähigkeit von 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐butanon, die Orientierung und Position der Wassermoleküle zu steuern, und der Fähigkeit von Wasser, die Konformation des Monomers zu modulieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert somit eine genaue molekulare Beschreibung, wie sich torsionsflexible Moleküle im Verlauf der fortschreitenden Solvatation dynamisch an Wasser anpassen.
Cascaded *CO−*COH Intermediates on a Nonmetallic Plasmonic Photocatalyst for CO2‐to‐C2H6 with 90.6 % Selectivity
Authors: Ren Liteng , Yang Xiaonan , Sun Xin , Wang Yuling , Li Huiquan , Yuan Yupeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOxygen vacancies (OV) in nonmetallic plasmonic photocatalysts can decrease the energy barrier for CO2 reduction, boosting C1 intermediate production for potential C2 formation. However, their susceptibility to oxidation weakens C1 intermediate adsorption. Herein we proposed a “photoelectron injection” strategy to safeguard OV in W18O49 by creating a W18O49/ZIS (W/Z) plasmonic photocatalyst. Moreover, photoelectrons contribute to the local multi‐electron environment of W18O49, enhancing the intrinsic excitation of its hot electrons with extended lifetimes, as confirmed by in situ XPS and femtosecond transient absorption analysis. Density functional theory calculations revealed that W/Z with OV enhances CO2 adsorption, activating *CO production, while reducing the energy barrier for *COH production (0.054 eV) and subsequent *CO−*COH coupling (0.574 eV). Successive hydrogenation revealed that the free energy for *CH2CH2 hydrogenation (0.108 eV) was lower than that for *CH2CH2 desorption for C2H4 production (0.277 eV), favouring C2H6 production. Consequently, W/Z achieves an efficient C2H6 activity of 653.6 μmol g−1 h−1 under visible light, with an exceptionally high selectivity of 90.6 %. This work offers a new strategy for the rational design of plasmonic photocatalysts with high selectivity for C2+ products.
Oxidative Addition of E−H (E=C, N) Bonds to Transient Uranium(II) Centers
Authors: Fang Wei , Li Yafei , Zhang Tianze , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , del Rosal Iker , Zhao Yue , Wang Tianwei , Wang Shuao , Maron Laurent , Zhu Congqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo‐electron oxidative addition is one of the most important elementary reactions for d‐block transition metals but it is uncommon for f‐block elements. Here, we report the first examples of intermolecular oxidative addition of E−H (E=C, N) bonds to uranium(II) centers. The transient U(II) species was formed in‐situ by reducing a heterometallic cluster featuring U(IV)‐Pd(0) bonds with potassium‐graphite (KC8). Oxidative addition of C−H or N−H bonds to the U(II) centers was observed when this transient U(II) species was treated with benzene, carbazole or 1‐adamantylamine, respectively. The U(II) centers could also react with tetracene, biphenylene or N2O, leading to the formation of arene reduced U(IV) products and uranyl(VI) species via two‐ or four‐electron processes. This study demonstrates that the intermolecular two‐electron oxidative addition reactions are viable for actinide elements.
Unlocking the NIR‐II AIEgen for High Brightness through Intramolecular Electrostatic Locking
Authors: Wang Xinyuan , Yang Xueqin , Jiang Guanyu , Hu Zhubin , Liao Tao , Wang Guoxin , Zhang Xun , He Xinyuan , Zhang Jianyu , Zhang Jianquan , Cao Wuke , Zhang Kaizhen , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sun Jianwei , Sun Haitao , Liang Yongye , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFluorescent imaging and biosensing in the near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) window holds great promise for non‐invasive, radiation‐free, and rapid‐response clinical diagnosis. However, it's still challenging to develop bright NIR‐II fluorophores. In this study, we report a new strategy to enhance the brightness of NIR‐II aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorophores through intramolecular electrostatic locking. By introducing sulfur atoms into the side chains of the thiophene bridge in TSEH molecule, the molecular motion of the conjugated backbone can be locked through intramolecular interactions between the sulfur and nitrogen atoms. This leads to enhanced NIR‐II fluorescent emission of TSEH in both solution and aggregation states. Notably, the encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) of TSEH show enhanced brightness, which is 2.6‐fold higher than TEH NPs with alkyl side chains. The in vivo experiments reveal the feasibility of TSEH NPs in vascular and tumor imaging with a high signal‐to‐background ratio and precise resection for tiny tumors. In addition, polystyrene nanospheres encapsulated with TSEH are utilized for antigen detection in lateral flow assays, showing a signal‐to‐noise ratio 1.9‐fold higher than the TEH counterpart in detecting low‐concentration antigens. This work highlights the potential for developing bright NIR‐II fluorophores through intramolecular electrostatic locking and their potential applications in clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.
Photocatalytic activity of polyaniline‐potassium doped nickel oxide nanocomposites: A comprehensive investigation on multifaceted properties
Authors: Bhankhar Anupama , Saini Monika , Sehrawat Swati , Shukla Rajni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolyaniline‐potassium doped nickel oxide nanocomposites (PANI/KNO) were efficiently synthesized via an in situ chemical oxidation method, meticulously confirmed by comprehensive x‐ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The crystallite size and strain exhibited distinct behaviors, while field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a blend of irregular spherical shapes and nanofibers, further confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. These composites exhibited significantly enhanced thermal stability, surpassing PANI by 1.39 times, and showcased a band gap exceeding 3 eV, along with multiple photoluminescence peaks at room temperature (RT). Moreover, their RT AC conductivity experienced a remarkable surge by 4.91 times compared to pure polyaniline. Jonscher's Power Law model and the Havriliak–Negami relaxation model are employed to elucidate the electrical properties of composite materials. The composites displayed nonDebye relaxation behavior with increased conductivity, as observed through impedance analysis, electrical modulus evaluation, and dielectric constant assessment. Additionally, evident superparamagnetic properties and multiple magnetic domains further contributed to their effectiveness. The PANI/KNO composite demonstrated photocatalytic efficiency, achieving over 90% degradation of methylene blue dye across four cycles, thus highlighting its superior photostability. Furthermore, investigations into its response to pH variations and scavenger activity underscored its immense potential for highly effective photocatalytic applications.
Enhancing the strength and toughness of polylactic acid through fused deposition modeling‐induced orientation and nucleation effects of attapulgite
Authors: Ni Yinxu , Gao Qingqing , Hao Zhilei , Liu Pei , Xu Kai , Fu Yan , Xu Gaojie , Zhu Liangzhu , Liu Fenghua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSimultaneously enhancing strength and toughness through simple and low‐cost methods has always been a challenge for polylactic acid (PLA) materials. In this context, natural attapulgite (ATT) nanorods were used as fillers combined with fused deposition modeling (FDM) to improve the strength and toughness of PLA. The printable PLA nanocomposite filaments filled with ATT nanorods were prepared by melting compounding and smoothly printed via a commercial FDM three‐dimensional (3D) printer. The influences of FDM process and ATT filling on the properties of PLA/ATT composite parts were evaluated through microstructure analysis, rheological, and mechanical tests. The results suggest that PLA/ATT composite parts manufactured by FDM exhibit superior mechanical properties, which can be attributed to the FDM induced orientation and nucleation effect of ATT nanorods. The tensile strength can reach 56 MPa with the addition of 2 wt% ATT at a nozzle temperature of 205°C, increasing by 24% compared to pure PLA. In addition, the fracture elongation of PLA/ATT parts printed by FDM has significantly increased to 26%, which is 924% higher than pure PLA. Furthermore, the filling of ATT significantly improves the storage modulus of composite parts. This work provides a new high‐strength, ultra tough, low‐cost, and printing stable PLA/ATT composite material and forming method, offering a promising avenue for the wider application of PLA and ATT in the future.
A systematic comparative description of extant turtle humeri, with comments on humerus disparity and evolution based on fossil comparisons
Authors: Hermanson Guilherme , Arnal Fernando A. M. , Szczygielski Tomasz , Evers Serjoscha W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe humerus is central for locomotion in turtles as quadrupedal animals. Osteological variation across testudine clades remains poorly documented. Here, we systematically describe the humerus anatomy for all major extant turtle clades based on 38 species representing the phylogenetic and ecological diversity of crown turtles. Three Late Triassic species of shelled stem turtles (Testudindata) are included to establish the plesiomorphic humerus morphology. Our work is based on 3D models, establishing a publicly available digital database. Previously defined terms for anatomical sides of the humerus (e.g., dorsal, ventral) are often not aligned with the respective body sides in turtles and other quadrupedal animals with sprawling gait. We propose alternative anatomical directional terms to simplify communication: radial and ulnar (the sides articulating with the radius/ulna), capitular (the side bearing the humeral head), and intertubercular (opposite to capitular surface). Turtle humeri show low morphological variation with exceptions concentrated in locomotory specialists. We propose 15 discrete characters to summarize osteological variation for future phylogenetic studies. Disparity analyses comparing non‐shelled and shelled turtles indicate that the presence of the shell constrains humerus variation. Flippered aquatic turtles are released from this constraint and significantly increase overall disparity. Ontogenetic changes of turtle humeri are related to increased ossification and pronunciation of the proximal processes, the distal articulation areas, and the closure of the ectepicondylar groove to a foramen. Some turtle species retain juvenile features into adulthood and provide evidence for paedomorphic evolution. We review major changes of turtle humerus morphology throughout the evolution of its stem group.
Sustainable Synthesis through Catalyst‐Free Photoinduced Cascaded Bond Formation
Authors: Bhanja Rosalin , Kanti Bera Shyamal , Mal Prasenjit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe beginning of photochemical reactions revolutionized synthetic chemistry through sustainable practices. This review explores cutting‐edge developments in leveraging light‐induced processes for generating cascaded C−C and C‐hetero bonds without catalysts. Significantly, catalyst‐free photoinduced methodologies have garnered considerable attention, especially in the creation of varied heterocyclic frameworks for drug design and the synthesis of natural products. The article delves into underlying mechanisms, addresses limitations, and evaluates various methodologies, emphasizing the potential of photocatalyst and transition metal‐free photochemical reactions to enhance sustainability. Divided into two sections, it covers recent strides in C−C and C‐heteroatom and multiple C‐heteroatom bond formation reactions.