bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A centronuclear myopathy-dynamin 2 mutation impairs skeletal muscle structure and function in mice
Authors: Durieux Anne-Cécile , Vignaud Alban , Prudhon Bernard , Viou Mai Thao , Beuvin Maud , Vassilopoulos Stéphane , Fraysse Bodvaël , Ferry Arnaud , Lainé Jeanne , Romero Norma B. , Guicheney Pascale , Bitoun Marc 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (AD-CNM) is due to mutations in the gene encoding dynamin 2 (DNM2) involved in endocytosis and intracellular membrane trafficking. To understand the pathomechanisms resulting from a DNM2 mutation, we generated a knock-in mouse model expressing the most frequent AD-CNM mutation (KI-Dnm2R465W). Heterozygous (HTZ) mice developed a myopathy showing a specific spatial and temporal muscle involvement. In the primarily and prominently affected tibialis anterior muscle, impairment of the contractile properties was evidenced at weaning and was progressively associated with atrophy and histopathological abnormalities mainly affecting mitochondria and reticular network. Expression of genes involved in ubiquitin–proteosome and autophagy pathways was up-regulated during DNM2-induced atrophy. In isolated muscle fibers from wild-type and HTZ mice, Dnm2 localized in regions of intense membrane trafficking (I-band and perinuclear region), emphasizing the pathophysiological hypothesis in which DNM2-dependent trafficking would be altered. In addition, HTZ fibers showed an increased calcium concentration as well as an intracellular Dnm2 and dysferlin accumulation. A similar dysferlin retention, never reported so far in congenital myopathies, was also demonstrated in biopsies from DNM2-CNM patients and can be considered as a new marker to orientate direct genetic testing. Homozygous (HMZ) mice died during the first hours of life. Impairment of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, demonstrated in HMZ embryonic fibroblasts, could be the cause of lethality. Overall, this first mouse model of DNM2-related myopathy shows the crucial role of DNM2 in muscle homeostasis and will be a precious tool to study DNM2 functions in muscle, pathomechanisms of DNM2-CNM and developing therapeutic strategies.
Self‐Pity: Exploring the Links to Personality, Control Beliefs, and Anger
Authors: Stöber Joachim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSelf‐pity is a frequent response to stressful events. So far, however, empirical research has paid only scant attention to this subject. The present article aims at exploring personality characteristics associated with individual differences in feeling sorry for oneself. Two studies with N=141 and N=161 university students were conducted, employing multidimensional measures of personality, control beliefs, anger, loneliness, and adult attachment. With respect to personality, results showed strong associations of self‐pity with neuroticism, particularly with the depression facet. With respect to control beliefs, individuals high in self‐pity showed generalized externality beliefs, seeing themselves as controlled by both chance and powerful others. With respect to anger expression, self‐pity was primarily related to anger‐in. Strong connections with anger rumination were also found. Furthermore, individuals high in self‐pity reported emotional loneliness and ambivalent‐worrisome attachments. Finally, in both studies, a strong correlation with gender was found, with women reporting more self‐pity reactions to stress than men. Findings are discussed with respect to how they support, extend, and qualify the previous literature on self‐pity, and directions for future empirical research are pointed out.
There are a hundred ways to overcome an obstacle and one sure way not to—self‐pity.  Dale Dauten, columnist
A Motivational Analysis of Defensive Pessimism and Self‐Handicapping
Authors: Elliot Andrew J. , Church Marcy A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo studies examined motivational influences on and correlates of defensive pessimism and self‐handicapping and investigated the relationship between these two cognitive strategies and performance attainment. The findings indicated that defensive pessimism and self‐handicapping have similar motivational profiles, with the primary difference being that self‐handicapping represents the absence of approach motivation in the achievement domain, as well as the presence of avoidance motivation. Self‐handicapping, but not defensive pessimism, was shown to undermine performance‐attainment, and performance‐avoidance goals were validated as mediators of this negative relationship. Issues regarding the functional nature of the two cognitive strategies are discussed.
An evaluation of the critical care assistant role within an acute NHS Trust Critical Care Unit
Authors: McGloin Sarah , Knowles Judie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study provides an evaluation of a training programme designed for developing six critical care assistants to work alongside registered nurses to care for patients within the critical care environment. The programme was run as a pilot funded from the Department of Health's ‘critical care bid’. At 18 months long, the programme incorporated a foundation programme, and National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) level 3 in care and adapted Operating Department Practitioner (ODP) NVQ units. Six critical care assistants successfully completed the programme; however, they all then left the unit to undertake further study for pre‐registration nursing qualifications. Upon evaluation, a number of key issues were identified. Clear definition of the critical care assistants's role is essential as are dedicated practice development staff, who focus purely on developing the critical care assistant role. More importantly, however, with such key changes in the staffing structure within critical care units, appropriate change management techniques should be employed, ensuring that all staff contributing to the training and development are fully involved from the start.
Implementing a protocol for weaning patients off mechanical ventilation
Authors: Goodman Sheila 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWeaning patients from ventilation can be a costly and time‐consuming intervention. This article describes how a protocol was designed and introduced into the critical care unit of a district general hospital in 2003. A step‐by‐step approach was used based on that outlined by the Modernisation Agency and The National Institute for Clinical Excellence. The purpose of the project was to improve the weaning process in the unit by devising a protocol, which would give structure to weaning and help maintain continuity. It was hoped that the changes in practice would also reduce ventilator time and improve patient outcomes. A multi‐professional group interested in weaning worked together to formulate a protocol, which was duly implemented into the unit. After implementation, the protocol was audited and subsequently adopted by the unit. Although it was agreed that the structure and the continuity of weaning had improved, reducing weaning times and patient outcomes was difficult to measure. This article explains how the protocol came to be written and how it was implemented into the unit.
A new valve for draw‐over anaesthesia*
Authors: Payne S. , Tully R. , Eltringham R. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe Diamedica non‐rebreathing valve has been developed for use in draw‐over anaesthesia and can be positioned at the common gas outlet. Its performance was evaluated against the Laerdal, Ruben and Ambu® valves under laboratory conditions. Valve resistance during inspiration and expiration was simulated over a range of constant flow conditions. During flows ranging from 5 to 45 l.min−1, the Diamedica and Ruben valves exhibited a negligible resistance of < 150 Pa, with the Laerdal and Ambu valves achieving resistance of < 200 Pa. To assess the effects of sterilisation, this procedure was repeated following autoclaving, after which the Diamedica valve exhibited resistance to flow of < 150 Pa at 25 l.min−1 for inlet resistance and 35 l.min−1 for outlet resistance. The Diamedica, Ambu and Laerdal valves demonstrated resistance of < 100 Pa when saturated with water, while the Ruben valve exhibited resistance > 500 Pa.
Alterations of 9p21 analysed by FISH and MLPA distinguish atypical spitzoid melanocytic tumours from conventional Spitz’s nevi but do not predict their biological behaviour
Authors: Cesinaro Anna Maria , Schirosi Laura , Bettelli Stefania , Migaldi Mario , Maiorana Antonio 
Published: September 2010

Cesinaro A M, Schirosi L, Bettelli S, Migaldi M & Maiorana A (2010) Histopathology 57, 515–527 Alterations of 9p21 analysed by FISH and MLPA distinguish atypical spitzoid melanocytic tumours from conventional Spitz’s nevi but do not predict their biological behaviourAim:  The aim of this study was to investigate whether 9p21 status influence the prognosis of the spitzoid melanocytic tumours, peculiar lesions whose biological behaviour cannot be predicted by histopathological criteria alone.Methods and results:  Twenty‐eight atypical spitzoid tumours, 12 conventional Spitz’s nevi and one congenital Spitz’s nevus were studied by fluorescent in‐situ hybridization (FISH) and multiple ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for the presence of 9p21 deletion. The 28 patients were aged 3–56 years (mean 32, median 35), and follow‐up ranged between 4 and 156 months (mean 51, median 48). Eight patients (28.5%) experienced lymph node metastasis (three cases with macrometastasis and five with micrometastasis). Of those with macrometastasis, two are alive after 159 and 26 months, whereas a third developed widespread metastases and died after 26 months. All of the other patients are alive. Statistically, the thickness (P = 0.01) and the diameter (P = 0.009) of the lesions significantly correlated with metastasis. Deletion of 9p21 by FISH analysis was observed in eight spitzoid tumours (28.5%), and MLPA demonstrated alterations of 9p21, particularly deletion of CDKN2A, in the same lesions, whereas all Spitz’s nevi, except the congenital one, were of unaltered 9p21 status (P < 0.0001). Deletion of 9p21/CDKN2A did not correlate with the presence of metastasis.Conclusion:  Alterations at 9p21 locus are significantly more frequent in spitzoid tumours than in Spitz’s nevi, but do not predict their biological behaviour.
Genome size and organization in the ixodid tick Amblyomma americanum (L.)
Authors: Palmer M. J. , Bantle J. A. , Guo Xiaoping , Fargoxy1 W. Scott 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe used DNA reassociation kinetics to determine genome size and organization in the ixodid tick Amblyomma americanum. We calculated the genome size of A. americanum to be approximately 1.08 pg or 1.04 × 109 base pairs and to consist of 35.8% unique DNA, 4.2% foldback sequences, 17.9% highly repetitive sequences, and 42.1% moderately repetitive sequences. Comparison of the reassociation kinetics of long and short fragments revealed repetitive sequences to be distributed in a pattern of long period interspersion, a feature that, to date, has been associated with arthropod genomes that lack a high percentage of repetitive DNA.
The influence of objective measurement tools on communication and clinical decision making in neurological rehabilitation
Authors: Tyson Sarah F. , Greenhalgh Joanne , Long Andrew F. , Flynn Robert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRationale  Routine collection of outcome measures is advocated to improve quality of care. However, there has been scant investigation of how measurement tools are used in clinical practice and what impact they may have. This paper compares two neuro‐rehabilitation teams, one which routinely used standardized measurement tools and the other which did not. We explore differences in communication and clinical decision making within multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings to illuminate the influence measurement tools could have on clinical practice.Method  Non‐participant observation of MDT meetings in two neurological rehabilitation units in England. Semi‐structured interviews were also carried out with at least one member of each profession in each team. Grounded theory techniques were used to analyse the data.Results  Differences in team members' communication within MDT meetings underscored differences in the process of clinical decision making within the teams. Using measurement tools provided a shared understanding to facilitate communication by focusing discussion on the patient's abilities rather than individual professionals' contributions. This led to differences in the way team members identified the nature and cause of patients' problems, monitored their progress and planned for discharge. They provided a ‘neutral ground’ to reach a shared perspective between professionals, thereby avoiding conflict. Externally, use of the tools enabled objective discussion with patients and their families about their progress and was a vehicle to facilitate giving bad news.Conclusion  Using standardized measurement tools can promote a patient‐focused approach to care, thus facilitating treatment planning and clinical decision making.
Thickness estimation of fluorescent sections using a CSLM
Authors: BRISMAR H. , PATWARDHAN A. , JAREMKO G. , NYENGAARD J. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryA novel method for the measurement of the section thickness of LM‐plastic embedded specimen has been developed. This method makes use of the fluorescence that comes from standard routine stainings such as haematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid‐Schiff. An x‐z profile of the specimen is first scanned using a confocal scanning laser microscope. The full‐width half‐maximum, FWHM, of the profile is computed and used as a measure of the specimen thickness. This method has proven to be simple and quick: a slide with five sections takes less than 1 min to measure. A theoretical treatment is presented which shows that the FWHM of the axial fluorescent profile is a good estimate of the actual thickness when the sample thickness is greater than 20 (when thickness is expressed in generalized longitudinal optical coordinates). This corresponds to a thickness of about 1μm when using an NA=1.3 oil‐immersion objective and 488‐nm excitation. The relative error in thickness is then less than 10%. Simulations and experiments have been carried out to examine how problems such as bleaching, sample tilt and curvature of field influence the FWHM. The results show that the method is robust and insensitive to such problems.
Population structure of an endemic vulnerable species, the Jamaican boa (Epicrates subflavus)
Authors: TZIKA ATHANASIA C. , KOENIG SUSAN , MILLER RICARDO , GARCIA GERARDO , REMY CHRISTOPHE , MILINKOVITCH MICHEL C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Jamaican boa (Epicrates subflavus; also called Yellow boa) is an endemic species whose natural populations greatly and constantly declined since the late 19th century, mainly because of predation by introduced species, human persecution, and habitat destruction. In‐situ conservation of the Jamaican boa is seriously hindered by the lack of information on demographic and ecological parameters as well as by a poor understanding of the population structure and species distribution in the wild. Here, using nine nuclear microsatellite loci and a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 87 wild‐born individuals, we present the first molecular genetic analyses focusing on the diversity and structure of the natural populations of the Jamaican boa. A model‐based clustering analysis of multilocus microsatellite genotypes identifies three groups that are also significantly differentiated on the basis of F‐statistics. Similarly, haplotypic network reconstruction methods applied on the cytochrome b haplotypes isolated here identify two well‐differentiated haplogroups separated by four to six fixed mutations. Bayesian and metaGA analyses of the mitochondrial data set combined with sequences from other Boidae species indicate that rooting of the haplotypic network occurs most likely between the two defined haplogroups. Both analyses (based on nuclear and mitochondrial markers) underline an Eastern vs. (Western + Central) pattern of differentiation in agreement with geological data and patterns of differentiation uncovered in other vertebrate and invertebrate Jamaican species. Our results provide important insights for improving management of ex‐situ captive populations and for guiding the development of proper in‐situ species survival and habitat management plans for this spectacular, yet poorly known and vulnerable, snake.
Comparative phylogeography and demographic history of the wood lemming (Myopus schisticolor): implications for late Quaternary history of the taiga species in Eurasia
Authors: FEDOROV V. B. , GOROPASHNAYA A. V. , BOESKOROV G. G. , COOK J. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe association between demographic history, genealogy and geographical distribution of mitochondrial DNA cytochromebhaplotypes was studied in the wood lemming (Myopus schisticolor), a species that is closely associated with the boreal forest of the Eurasian taiga zone from Scandinavia to the Pacific coast. Except for a major phylogeographic discontinuity (0.9% nucleotide divergence) in southeastern Siberia, only shallow regional genetic structure was detected across northern Eurasia. Genetic signs of demographic expansions imply that successive range contractions and expansions on different spatial scales represented the primary historical events that shaped geographical patterns of genetic variation. Comparison of phylogeographic structure across a taxonomically diverse array of other species that are ecologically associated with the taiga forest revealed similar patterns and identified two general aspects. First, the major south–north phylogeographic discontinuity observed in five out of six species studied in southeastern Siberia and the Far East implies vicariant separation in two different refugial areas. The limited distribution range of the southeastern lineages provides no evidence of the importance of the putative southeastern refugial area for postglacial colonization of northern Eurasia by boreal forest species. Second, the lack of phylogeographic structure associated with significant reciprocal monophyly and genetic signatures of demographic expansion in all nine boreal forest animal species studied to date across most of northern Eurasia imply contraction of each species to a single refugial area during the late Pleistocene followed by range expansion on a continental scale. Similar phylogeographic patterns observed in this taxonomically diverse set of organisms with different life histories and dispersal potentials reflect the historical dynamics of their shared environment, the taiga forest in northern Eurasia.
Independent origins of self‐compatibility in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: SHIMIZU KENTARO K. , SHIMIZU‐INATSUGI RIE , TSUCHIMATSU TAKASHI , PURUGGANAN MICHAEL D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe evolution from outcrossing based on self‐incompatibility (SI) to a selfing system is one of the most prevalent transitions in flowering plants. It has been suggested that the loss of SI in Arabidopsis thaliana is associated with pseudogene formation at the SCR male component of the S locus. Recent work, however, suggests that alternative alleles with large deletions at the S locus are also present and may be responsible for the evolution of self‐compatibility in this species. We demonstrate that most of these deletion alleles are evolutionarily derived from an S haplotype (haplogroups A) that already possessed the SCR pseudogene. This haplotype and its deletion variants are nearly fixed in Europe. Together with previous transgenic data, these results suggest that the pseudogenization of ΨSCR1 gene changed the SI phenotype in the majority of A. thaliana accessions, and was a critical step in the evolution of selfing in this species. Two other haplogroups (B and C) were also identified, the former of which contains a novel and possibly functional SCR allele. In contrast to haplogroups A, these two haplogroups are found primarily in Africa and Asia. These results suggest that self‐compatibility, which appears to be fixed in this species, arose multiple times with different genetic bases, and indicates that a species‐specific trait is associated with parallel evolution at the molecular level.
Native range genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana is strongly geographically structured and reflects Pleistocene glacial dynamics
Authors: BECK JAMES B. , SCHMUTHS HEIKE , SCHAAL BARBARA A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDespite Arabidopsis thaliana's pre‐eminence as a model organism, major questions remain regarding the geographic structure of its genetic variation due to the geographically incomplete sample set available for previous studies. Many of these questions are addressed here with an analysis of genome‐wide variation at 10 loci in 475 individuals from 167 globally distributed populations, including many from critical but previously un‐sampled regions. Rooted haplotype networks at three loci suggest that A. thaliana arose in the Caucasus region. Identification of large‐scale metapopulations indicates clear east–west genetic structure, both within proposed Pleistocene refugia and post‐Pleistocene colonized regions. The refugia themselves are genetically differentiated from one another and display elevated levels of within‐population genetic diversity relative to recolonized areas. The timing of an inferred demographic expansion coincides with the Eemian interglacial (approximately 120 000 years ago). Taken together, these patterns are strongly suggestive of Pleistocene range dynamics. Spatial autocorrelation analyses indicate that isolation by distance is pervasive at all hierarchical levels, but that it is reduced in portions of Europe.
Replaying the tape: recurring biogeographical patterns in Cape Verde Conus after 12 million years
Authors: CUNHA REGINA L. , TENORIO MANUEL J. , AFONSO CARLOS , CASTILHO RITA , ZARDOYA RAFAEL 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIsolated oceanic islands are excellent natural laboratories to test the relative role of historical contingency and determinism in evolutionary diversification. Endemics of the marine venomous snail Conus in the Cape Verde archipelago were originated from at least two independent colonizations of ‘small’ and ‘large’ shelled species separated by 12 million years. In this study, we have reconstructed phylogenetic relationships within large‐shelled Conus (C. ateralbus, C. pseudonivifer, C. trochulus, and C. venulatus) based on mitochondrial cox1 and nad4 haplotype sequences. The reconstructed molecular phylogeny revealed three well‐supported and relatively divergent clades (A, B, and C) that do not correspond to current species classification based on shell colour and banding patterns. Clade A grouped specimens assigned either to C. pseudonivifer or C. trochulus, clade B is composed of specimens assigned to C. venulatus, and clade C comprises specimens assigned either to C. venulatus or C. ateralbus. Geometric morphometric analyses found significant differences between the radular teeth shape of C. pseudonivifer/C. trochulus and C. venulatus/C. ateralbus. In clades A and B, northwestern Boavista and Maio specimens cluster together to the exclusion of eastern Boavista samples. In Sal, populations form a monophyletic island assemblage (clade C). The large‐shelled Conus have remarkably replicated biogeographical patterns of diversification of small‐shelled Conus. Similar selective forces (i.e. nonplanktonic lecithotrophy with limited larval dispersal and allopatric diversification) together with repeated instances of low sea level stands during glacial maxima that allowed connection between islands, have overcome the effect of historical contingency, and explain the observed recurring biogeographical patterns.