bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dirichlet Harmonic Shape Compression with Feature Preservation for Parameterized Surfaces
Authors: Liu Yang , Prabhakaran Balakrishnan , Guo Xiaohu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWith the rapid advancement of 3D scanning devices, large and complicated 3D shapes are becoming ubiquitous, and require large amount of resources to store and transmit them efficiently. This makes shape compression a demanding technique in order for the user to reduce the data transmission latency. Existing shape compression methods could achieve very low bit‐rates by sacrificing shape quality. But none of them guarantees the preservation of salient feature lines that users care. In addition, many 3D shapes come with parametric information for texture mapping purposes. In this paper we describe a spectral method to compress the geometric shapes equipped with arbitrary valid parametric information. It guarantees to preserve user‐specified feature lines while achieving a high compression ratio. By applying the spectral shape analysis – Dirichlet Manifold Harmonics, in the 2D parametric domain, this method provides a progressive compression mechanism to trade‐off between bit‐rate and shape quality. Experiments show that this method provides very low bit‐rate with high shape‐quality and still guarantees the preservation of user‐specified feature lines.
Instant Propagation of Sparse Edits on Images and Videos
Authors: Li Yong , Ju Tao , Hu Shi‐Min 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe ability to quickly and intuitively edit digital contents has become increasingly important in our everyday life. We propose a novel method for propagating a sparse set of user edits (e.g., changes in color, brightness, contrast, etc.) expressed as casual strokes to nearby regions in an image or video with similar appearances. Existing methods for edit propagation are typically based on optimization, whose computational cost can be prohibitive for large inputs. We re‐formulate propagation as a function interpolation problem in a high‐dimensional space, which we solve very efficiently using radial basis functions. While simple to implement, our method significantly improves the speed and space cost of existing methods, and provides instant feedback of propagation results even on large images and videos.
Modeling of Clouds from a Single Photograph
Authors: Dobashi Yoshinori , Shinzo Yusuke , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a simple method for modeling clouds from a single photograph. Our method can synthesize three types of clouds: cirrus, altocumulus, and cumulus. We use three different representations for each type of cloud: two‐dimensional texture for cirrus, implicit functions (metaballs) for altocumulus, and volume data for cumulus. Our method initially computes the intensity and the opacity of clouds for each pixel from an input photograph, stored as a cloud image. For cirrus, the cloud image is the output two‐dimensional texture. For each of the other two types of cloud, three‐dimensional density distributions are generated by referring to the cloud image. Since the method is very simple, the computational cost is low. Our method can generate, within several seconds, realistic clouds that are similar to those in the photograph.
Real‐time Depth of Field Rendering via Dynamic Light Field Generation and Filtering
Authors: Yu Xuan , Wang Rui , Yu Jingyi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a new algorithm for efficient rendering of high‐quality depth‐of‐field (DoF) effects. We start with a single rasterized view (reference view) of the scene, and sample the light field by warping the reference view to nearby views. We implement the algorithm using NVIDIA's CUDA to achieve parallel processing, and exploit the atomic operations to resolve visibility when multiple pixels warp to the same image location. We then directly synthesize DoF effects from the sampled light field. To reduce aliasing artifacts, we propose an image‐space filtering technique that compensates for spatial undersampling using MIP mapping. The main advantages of our algorithm are its simplicity and generality. We demonstrate interactive rendering of DoF effects in several complex scenes. Compared to existing methods, ours does not require ray tracing and hence scales well with scene complexity.
Density‐based Outlier Rejection in Monte Carlo Rendering
Authors: DeCoro Christopher , Weyrich Tim , Rusinkiewicz Szymon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe problem of noise in Monte‐Carlo rendering arising from estimator variance is well‐known and well‐studied. In this work, we concentrate on identifying individual light paths as outliers that lead to significant spikes of noise and represent a challenge for existing filtering methods. Most noise‐reduction methods, such as importance sampling and stratification, attempt to generate samples that are expected a priori to have lower variance, but do not take into account actual sample values. While these methods are essential to decrease overall noise, we show that filtering samples a posteriori allows for greater reduction of spiked noise. In particular, given evaluated sample values, outliers can be identified and removed. Conforming with conventions in statistics, we emphasize that the term “outlier” should not be taken as synonymous with “incorrect”, but as referring to samples that distort the empirically‐observed distribution of energy relative to the true underlying distribution. By expressing a path distribution in joint image and color space, we show how outliers can be characterized by their density across the set of all nearby paths in this space. We show that removing these outliers leads to significant improvements in rendering quality.
An Example‐based Approach to Synthesize Artistic Strokes using Graphs
Authors: Kim Mikyung , Shin Hyun Joon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a technique to produce artistic strokes in a variety of drawing material based on example images. Our approach is to divide example strokes scanned from images into small pieces along their stroke directions and synthesize a novel stroke by rearranging them along a user specified curve. The visible quality of a synthesized stroke can be maintained by utilizing the connectivity information stored in a directed graph constructed in the preprocessing step. At run‐time, the graph is traversed to find a path best matching the user specification given as a curve and additional information. The results of our experiments shows that visually convincing strokes of various materials can be generated efficiently.
Manifold‐Based 3D Face Caricature Generation with Individualized Facial Feature Extraction
Authors: Wang S.F. , Lai S.H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCaricature is an interesting art to express exaggerated views of different persons and things through drawing. The face caricature is popular and widely used for different applications. To do this, we have to properly extract unique/specialized features of a person's face. A person's facial feature not only depends on his/her natural appearance, but also the associated expression style. Therefore, we would like to extract the neutural facial features and personal expression style for different applicaions. In this paper, we represent the 3D neutral face models in BU–3DFE database by sparse signal decomposition in the training phase. With this decomposition, the sparse training data can be used for robust linear subspace modeling of public faces. For an input 3D face model, we fit the model and decompose the 3D model geometry into a neutral face and the expression deformation separately. The neutral geomertry can be further decomposed into public face and individualized facial feature. We exaggerate the facial features and the expressions by estimating the probability on the corresponding manifold. The public face, the exaggerated facial features and the exaggerated expression are combined to synthesize a 3D caricature for a 3D face model. The proposed algorithm is automatic and can effectively extract the individualized facial features from an input 3D face model to create 3D face caricature.
Feature based terrain generation using diffusion equation
Authors: Hnaidi Houssam , Guérin Eric , Akkouche Samir , Peytavie Adrien , Galin Eric 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a diffusion method for generating terrains from a set of parameterized curves that characterize the landform features such as ridge lines, riverbeds or cliffs. Our approach provides the user with an intuitive vector‐based feature‐oriented control over the terrain. Different types of constraints (such as elevation, slope angle and roughness) can be attached to the curves so as to define the shape of the terrain. The terrain is generated from the curve representation by using an efficient multigrid diffusion algorithm. The algorithm can be efficiently implemented on the GPU, which allows the user to interactively create a vast variety of landscapes.
Context‐Dependent Crowd Evaluation
Authors: Lerner Alon , Chrysanthou Yiorgos , Shamir Ariel , Cohen‐Or Daniel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMany times, even if a crowd simulation looks good in general, there could be some specific individual behaviors which do not seem correct. Spotting such problems manually can become tedious, but ignoring them may harm the simulation's credibility. In this paper we present a data‐driven approach for evaluating the behaviors of individuals within a simulated crowd. Based on video‐footage of a real crowd, a database of behavior examples is generated. Given a simulation of a crowd, an analog analysis is performed on it, defining a set of queries, which are matched by a similarity function to the database examples. The results offer a possible objective answer to the question of how similar are the simulated individual behaviors to real observed behaviors. Moreover, by changing the video input one can change the context of evaluation. We show several examples of evaluating simulated crowds produced using different techniques and comprising of dense crowds, sparse crowds and flocks.
Multi‐Resolution Cloth Simulation
Authors: Lee Yongjoon , Yoon Sung‐eui , Oh Seungwoo , Kim Duksu , Choi Sunghee 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe propose a novel, multi‐resolution method to efficiently perform large‐scale cloth simulation. Our cloth simulation method is based on a triangle‐based energy model constructed from a cloth mesh. We identify that solutions of the linear system of cloth simulation are smooth in certain regions of the cloth mesh and solve the linear system on those regions in a reduced solution space. Then we reconstruct the original solutions by performing a simple interpolation from solutions computed in the reduced space. In order to identify regions where solutions are smooth, we propose simplification metrics that consider stretching, shear, and bending forces, as well as geometric collisions. Our multi‐resolution method can be applied to many existing cloth simulation methods, since our method works on a general linear system. In order to demonstrate benefits of our method, we apply our method into four large‐scale cloth benchmarks that consist of tens or hundreds of thousands of triangles. Because of the reduced computations, we achieve a performance improvement by a factor of up to one order of magnitude, with a little loss of simulation quality.
Fast Updating of Delaunay Triangulation of Moving Points by Bi‐cell Filtering
Authors: Zhou Yuanfeng , Sun Feng , Wang Wenping , Wang Jiaye , Zhang Caiming 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUpdating a Delaunay triangulation when data points are slightly moved is the bottleneck of computation time in variational methods for mesh generation and remeshing. Utilizing the connectivity coherence between two consecutive Delaunay triangulations for computation speedup is the key to solving this problem. Our contribution is an effective filtering technique that confirms most bi‐cells whose Delaunay connectivities remain unchanged after the points are perturbed. Based on bi‐cell flipping, we present an efficient algorithm for updating two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional Delaunay triangulations of dynamic point sets. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms previous methods.
Polygonal Surface Advection applied to Strange Attractors
Authors: Yan S. , Max N. , Ma K.‐L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStrange attractors of 3D vector field flows sometimes have a fractal geometric structure in one dimension, and smooth surface behavior in the other two. General flow visualization methods show the flow dynamics well, but not the fractal structure. Here we approximate the attractor by polygonal surfaces, which reveal the fractal geometry. We start with a polygonal approximation which neglects the fractal dimension, and then deform it by the flow to create multiple sheets of the fractal structure. We use adaptive subdivision, mesh decimation, and retiling methods to preserve the quality of the polygonal surface in the face of extreme stretching, bending, and creasing caused by the flow. A GPU implementation provides efficient visualization, which we also apply to other turbulent flows.
From north Indian vernaculars to a new world philology Introduction
Authors: ARAC JONATHAN 
Published: October 2010

Jonathan Arac, ‘From north Indian vernaculars to a new world philology’ Aamir R. Mufti, ‘Orientalism and the language of Hindustan’ Rashmi Dube Bhatnagar, ‘What's Braj got to do with the Hindi–Urdu divide?’ Mehr Afshan Farooqi, ‘Āb‐e gum, or “Disappeared Water” as a metaphor for language, location, and loss This cluster of papers carries forward Critical Quarterly's emphasis on language in society and history. They offer incisive, innovative perspectives on several major debates concerning vernacular languages of northern South Asia. Hindi and Urdu have been the languages of Indian‐Hindu and Pakistani‐Muslim nationalism, extending over the arc from British colonialism to Independence and Partition (1947), and continuing in the seven decades since. Both languages arise from the north Indian everyday speech called, in its own terms, Kharī bōlī and known in the nineteenth century as Hindustani (unsuccessfully revived by Gandhi as a unifying term and concept). The only definitive distinction between them is the alphabet: Hindi is rendered in Devanagari; Urdu in a right‐to‐left script derived from Persian and Arabic.
Āb‐e gum, or ‘Disappeared Water’, as a metaphor for language, location, and loss
Authors: FAROOQI MEHR AFSHAN 
Published: October 2010

Jonathan Arac, ‘From north Indian vernaculars to a new world philology’ Aamir R. Mufti, ‘Orientalism and the language of Hindustan’ Rashmi Dube Bhatnagar, ‘What's Braj got to do with the Hindi–Urdu divide?’ Mehr Afshan Farooqi, ‘Āb‐e gum, or “Disappeared Water” as a metaphor for language, location, and loss This cluster of papers carries forward Critical Quarterly's emphasis on language in society and history. They offer incisive, innovative perspectives on several major debates concerning vernacular languages of northern South Asia. Hindi and Urdu have been the languages of Indian‐Hindu and Pakistani‐Muslim nationalism, extending over the arc from British colonialism to Independence and Partition (1947), and continuing in the seven decades since. Both languages arise from the north Indian everyday speech called, in its own terms, Kharī bōlī and known in the nineteenth century as Hindustani (unsuccessfully revived by Gandhi as a unifying term and concept). The only definitive distinction between them is the alphabet: Hindi is rendered in Devanagari; Urdu in a right‐to‐left script derived from Persian and Arabic.
Modelling Long-Term Human Immunodeficiency Virus Dynamic Models with Application to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Clinical Study
Authors: Chen Jianwei 
Published: October 2010

SummaryMathematical modelling of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dynamics has played an important role in acquired immune deficiency syndrome research. Deterministic dynamic models have been developed to study the viral dynamic process for understanding the pathogenesis of HIV type 1 infection and antiviral treatment strategies. We propose a new multistage estimation procedure which uses data, HIV viral load and CD4+ T-cell counts, from an acquired immune deficiency syndrome clinical study, to estimate the parameters in a long-term HIV dynamic model containing both constant and time varying parameters. Simulation studies and a real data application show that the methods proposed are efficient and appropriate to estimate both constant and time varying parameters in long-term HIV dynamic models.
Who uses nursing theory? A univariate descriptive analysis of five years’ research articles
Authors: Bond A. Elaine , Eshah Nidal Farid , Bani‐Khaled Mohammed , Hamad Atef Omar , Habashneh Samira , Kataua’ Hussein , al‐Jarrah Imad , Kamal Andaleeb Abu , Hamdan Falastine Rafic , Maabreh Roqia 
Published: October 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 404–409

Who uses nursing theory? A univariate descriptive analysis of five years’ research articles Background:  Since the early 1950s, nursing leaders have worked diligently to build the Scientific Discipline of Nursing, integrating Theory, Research and Practice. Recently, the role of theory has again come into question, with some scientists claiming nurses are not using theory to guide their research, with which to improve practice.Aims:  The purposes of this descriptive study were to determine: (i) Were nursing scientists’ research articles in leading nursing journals based on theory? (ii) If so, were the theories nursing theories or borrowed theories? (iii) Were the theories integrated into the studies, or were they used as organizing frameworks?Methods:  Research articles from seven top ISI journals were analysed, excluding regularly featured columns, meta‐analyses, secondary analysis, case studies and literature reviews. The authors used King’s dynamic Interacting system and Goal Attainment Theory as an organizing framework. They developed consensus on how to identify the integration of theory, searching the Title, Abstract, Aims, Methods, Discussion and Conclusion sections of each research article, whether quantitative or qualitative.Results:  Of 2857 articles published in the seven journals from 2002 to, and including, 2006, 2184 (76%) were research articles. Of the 837 (38%) authors who used theories, 460 (55%) used nursing theories, 377 (45%) used other theories: 776 (93%) of those who used theory integrated it into their studies, including qualitative studies, while 51 (7%) reported they used theory as an organizing framework for their studies. Closer analysis revealed theory principles were implicitly implied, even in research reports that did not explicitly report theory usage.Conclusions:  Increasing numbers of nursing research articles (though not percentagewise) continue to be guided by theory, and not always by nursing theory. Newer nursing research methods may not explicitly state the use of nursing theory, though it is implicitly implied.
Regional differences in wound oxygenation during normal healing in an equine model of cutaneous fibroproliferative disorder
Authors: Celeste Christophe J. , Deschene Karine , Riley Christopher B. , Theoret Christine L. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTWound repair in horse limbs is often complicated by the development of exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) and excessive scarring while body wounds tend to repair uneventfully. EGT resembles the human keloid. While the events leading to keloid formation are not fully elucidated, tissue hypoxia has been proposed as a major contributing factor. The objective of this study was to investigate tissue oxygen saturation in healing full‐thickness wounds created on the horse limb and body, using near‐infrared spectroscopy. Spectroscopic reflectance data were collected from both anatomic sites at specific times following wounding. The oxygen saturation values of limb wounds were significantly inferior to those of body wounds during the early period of healing, indicating a temporary, relative state of hypoxia in the former during the inflammatory phase of repair. Horses present a weak, persistent inflammatory response to wounding, especially at the limb level. The relative hypoxia present acutely in limb wounds of horses may promote a feeble yet prolonged inflammatory response, which could interfere with and retard the subsequent phases of healing. Ongoing low‐grade inflammation in horse wounds is accompanied by up‐regulation of various inflammatory and profibrotic mediators, which might ultimately promote the development of fibroproliferative disorders such as EGT.
Interactive Model of Client Health Behavior and Cervical Cancer Screening of African‐American Women
Authors: Ackerson Kelly 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
Objective: Explore inductively African American women's use of Pap smear screening services and consider how well the data did or did not affirm the usefulness of the interaction model of client health behavior (IMCHB).Design and Sample: The IMCHB guided this qualitative study designed to explore women's social influence and previous health care experience and their influence on the women's cognitive appraisal associated with Pap smears and cervical cancer. Interviews were conducted with 24 women, resulting in 2 groups: routine‐use (n=11) (Pap smears every 1–3 years) and non‐routine‐use (n=13).Measures: Content analysis approach to data analysis was used, where interview data were considered in relation to elements of IMCHB.Results: Analysis revealed that the IMCHB was useful for framing cervical cancer screening health behavior research. Both groups' data fit well onto the framework. The routine‐use group fit the entire model, with iterative (repeat) behavior in cervical cancer screening. The non‐routine‐use group also fit the model, but their iterative behavior in cervical cancer screening was intermittent due to negative personal influences.Conclusions: This model can provide a focus to the delivery of gynecological care based on a client's unique characteristics that can be addressed with individualized nursing interventions designed to promote positive health outcomes.
Do Blind People See Race? Social, Legal, and Theoretical Considerations
Authors: Obasogie Osagie K. 
Published: October 2010

Although the meaning, significance, and definition of race have been debated for centuries, one thread of thought unifies almost all of the many diverging perspectives: a largely unquestioned belief that race is self-evident and visually obvious, defined largely by skin color, facial features, and other visual cues. This suggests that “seeing race” is an experience largely unmediated by broader social forces; we simply know it when we see it. It also suggests that those who cannot see are likely to have a diminished understanding of race. But is this empirically accurate?I examine these questions by interviewing people who have been totally blind since birth about race and compare their responses to sighted individuals. I not only find that blind people have as significant an understanding of race as anyone else and that they understand race visually, but that this visual understanding of race stems from interpersonal and institutional socializations that profoundly shape their racial perceptions. These findings highlight how race and racial thinking are encoded into individuals through iterative social practices that train people to think a certain way about the world around them. In short, these practices are so strong that even blind people, in a conceptual sense, “see” race. Rather than being self-evident, these interviews draw attention to how race becomes visually salient through constitutive social practices that give rise to visual understandings of racial difference for blind and sighted people alike. This article concludes with a discussion of these findings' significance for understanding the role of race in law and society.