bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying sharks with DNA barcodes: assessing the utility of a nucleotide diagnostic approach
Authors: WONG EUGENE H.‐K. , SHIVJI MAHMOOD S. , HANNER ROBERT H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractShark fisheries worldwide are mostly unmanaged, but the burgeoning shark fin industry in the last few decades has made monitoring catch and trade of these animals critical. As a tool for molecular species identification, DNA barcoding offers significant potential. However, the genetic distance‐based approach towards species identification employed by the Barcode of Life Data Systems may oftentimes lack the specificity needed for regulatory or legal applications that require unambiguous identification results. This is because such specificity is not typically realized by anything less than a 100% match of the query sequence to an entry in the reference database using genetic distance. Although various divergence thresholds have been proposed to define acceptable levels of intraspecific variation, enough exceptions exist to cast reasonable doubt on many less than exact matches using a distance‐based approach for the identification of unknowns. An alternative approach relies on the identification of discrete molecular characters that can be used to unambiguously diagnose species. The objective of this study was to assess the performance differences between these competing approaches by examining more than 1000 DNA barcodes representing nearly 20% of all known elasmobranch species. Our results demonstrate that a character‐based, nucleotide diagnostic (ND) approach to barcode identification is feasible and also provides novel insights into the structure of haplotype diversity among closely related species of sharks. Considerations for the use of NDs in applied fields are also explored.
Retinal artery occlusion following intravitreal anti‐VEGF therapy
Authors: Von Hanno Therese , Kinge Bettina , Fossen Kristian 
Published: April 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy effectively inhibits angiogenesis and is now enjoying widespread use in the treatment of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). It may also have a role in the treatment of macular oedema secondary to other conditions. VEGF is a signalling molecule that has a variety of roles, including vasoregulation and effects on the coagulation homeostasis. Anti‐VEGF therapy may therefore have adverse effects on ocular blood flow.Methods:  Two cases of retinal artery occlusion after intravitreal injection of anti‐VEGF are presented. Both patients were given the treatment to reduce macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. Possible mechanisms are discussed.Results:  Patient 1 developed a central retinal artery occlusion within 1 month of an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (Lucentis®). The macular oedema was totally resolved at 1 month; final visual acuity (VA) was light perception. Patient 2 developed a branch retinal artery occlusion in the macula 2 days after an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin®). The macular oedema was almost resolved within 1 week and did not recur; final VA was 0.6.Conclusions:  Anti‐VEGF therapy may have a role in the treatment of macular oedema caused by central retinal vein occlusions. However, our report indicates that the therapeutic principle may be associated with an increased risk of retinal arterial occlusions.
New Fossils of Eoptychopteridae (Diptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Northeastern China
Authors: HAO Jianying , REN Dong , SHIH Chungkun 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:Three new species of the extinct genus of Eoptychopterina from the Eoptychopteridae family, Eoptychopterina antica sp. nov., Eoptychopterina adnexa sp. nov., and Eoptychopterina mediata sp. nov., are described and illustrated. These three new species are established based on fossil specimens with bodies and complete wings. All were collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou in eastern Inner Mongolia, China. Based on the new materials, the name of two species in Eoptychopterina from China—Eoptychopterina elenae Ren and Krzeminski and Eoptychopterina gigantea Zhang—is sysnonymum Junius.
A New Basal Neoceratopsian Dinosaur from the Middle Cretaceous of Jilin Province, China
Authors: JIN Liyong , CHEN Jun , ZAN Shuqin , GODEFROIT Pascal 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:A new basal neoceratopsian dinosaur, Helioceratops brachygnathus gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Quantou Formation (late Early Cretaceous or early Late Cretaceous) in the Liufangzi locality (Jilin province, China). Helioceratops differs from other basal neoceratopsians with its deep dentary ramus, its steeply‐inclined ventral predentary facet, its heterogeneous dentary crowns, and by the denticles and secondary ridges asymmetrically distributed on either side of the primary ridge on its dentary teeth. Along with Auroraceratops and Yamaceratops, Helioceratops represents one of the most derived non‐coronosaurian neoceratopsians. The palaeogeographical distribution of basal neoceratopsians appears limited to northern China and southern Mongolia in the current state of our knowledge. It is therefore probable that this region constituted the birthplace for more advanced, Late Cretaceous Coronosauria.
Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Surface‐Sediment Carbonate in Bosten Lake (Xinjiang, China) and its Controlling Factors
Authors: ZHANG Chengjun , MISCHKE Steffen , ZHENG Mianping , PROKOPENKO Alexander , GUO Fangqin , FENG Zhaodong 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:Bosten Lake is a mid‐latitude lake with water mainly supplied by melting ice and snow in the Tianshan Mountains. The depositional environment of the lake is spatially not uniform due to the proximity of the major inlet and the single outlet in the western part of the lake. The analytical results show that the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of recent lake sediments is related to this specific lacustrine depositional environment and to the resulting carbonate mineralogy. In the southwestern lake region between the Kaidu River inlet and the Kongqi River outlet, carbon isotope composition (δ13C) values of the carbonate sediment (−1‰ to −2‰) have no relation to the oxygen isotope composition of the carbonate (δ18O) values (−7‰ to –8‰), with both isotopes showing a low variability. The carbonate content is low (<20%). Carbonate minerals analyzed by X‐ray diffraction are mainly composed of calcite, while aragonite was not recorded. The salinity of the lake water is low in the estuary region as a result of the Kaidu River inflow. In comparison, the carbon and oxygen isotope values are higher in the middle and eastern parts of the lake, with δ13C values between approximately +0.5‰ and +3‰, and δ18O values between −1‰ and −5‰. There is a moderate correlation between the stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, with a coefficient of correlation r of approximately 0.63. This implies that the lake water has a relatively short residence time. Carbonate minerals constitute calcite and aragonite in the middle and eastern region of the lake. Aragonite and Mg–calcite are formed at higher lake water salinity and temperatures, and larger evaporation effects. More saline lake water in the middle and eastern region of the lake and the enhanced isotopic equilibrium between water and atmospheric CO2 cause the correlating carbon and oxygen isotope values determined for aragonite and Mg–calcite. Evaporation and biological processes are the main reasons for the salinity and carbonate mineralogy influence of the surface‐sediment carbonate in Bosten Lake. The lake water residence time and the CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the water body control the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of the carbonate sediment. In addition, organic matter pollution and decomposition result in the abnormally low carbon isotope values of the lake surface‐sediment carbonate.
Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Plutonism in the Northern Part of the Precambrian North China Craton: SHRIMP Zircon U–Pb Dating of Diorites and Granites from the Yunmengshan Geopark, Beijing
Authors: SHI Yuruo , ZHAO Xitao , MA Yinsheng , HU Daogong , LIU Qisheng , WU Zhenhan , ZHAO Yuanyi , LIU Dunyi 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:The Yunmengshan Geopark in northern Beijing is located within the Yanshan range. It contains the Yunmengshan batholith, which is dominated by two plutons: the Yunmengshan gneissic granite and the Shicheng gneissic diorite. Four samples of the Yunmengshan gneissic granite give SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages from 145 to 141 Ma, whereas four samples of the Shicheng gneissic diorite have ages from 159 Ma to 151 Ma. Dikes that cut the Yunmengshan diorite record SHRIMP zircon U–Pb age of 162±2 and 156±4 Ma. The cumulative plots of zircons from the diorites show a peak age of 155 Ma, without inherited zircon cores, and the peak age of 142 Ma for granite is interpreted as the emplacement age of the Yunmengshan granitic pluton, whose igneous zircons contain inherited zircon cores. The data presented here show that there were two pulses of magmatism: early diorites, followed c13 Ma later by true granites, which incorporated material from an older continental crust.
A New Species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from Western Liaoning, China and its Implication for the Dental Formula of Gobiconodon
Authors: YUAN Chongxi , XU Li , ZHANG Xingliao , XI Yunhong , WU Yanhua , JI Qiang 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:A new species of Gobiconodon from the Early Cretaceous in the Lujiatun locality of western Liaoning is erected based on an almost complete skull and lower jaw. It has a flatten skull roof, the lambdoidal crest is strongly curved forward, and the sagittal crest is short and low. There is a protuberance near the anterior base of the zygoma. The preservation of the upper teeth is very rare in all known Gobiconodon, and this provides important information for the study on the formula of Gobiconodon. The new species is the fifth primitive mammal unearthed from the Lujiatun locality, and is of great value for the study of the geological age of the stratigraphy at Lujiatun by primitive mammal material.
Comparison of the Typical Metallogenic Systems in the North Slope of the Tongbai‐East Qinling Mountains and its Geologic Implications
Authors: ZHANG Jing , CHEN Yanjing , QI Jinping , GE Jun 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:The Tongbai‐East Qinling Mountains, an important part of the Central orogenic belt, is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China and contains lots of orogenic‐type and VMS‐type (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide type) metallogenic systems. The Dahe and Shuidongling VMS‐type Cu‐Zn deposits, located in the Erlangping Group in Tongbai and East Qinling Mountains, respectively, show similar geological and geochemical features. The Huoshenmiao Formation in the East Qinling region and the Liushanyan Formation in the Tongbai region are spilite‐keratophyre sequences occurring in the western and eastern sides of the Nanyang Basin, respectively, and are interpreted to be equivalent to each other. The orogenic‐type Au‐Ag deposits can be subdivided into two styles; namely, fault‐ or structure‐controlled (e.g. Yindonggou) and stratabound (e.g. Poshan). The Poshan and Yindongpo orogenic‐type Au‐Ag deposits, whose ore bodies are strictly hosted in carbonaceous strata in the Tongbai Mountains, show obvious stratabound characteristics. Their ore‐fluids are enriched in K+ and SO2−4 and are regarded as K+‐SO2−4 types. The Pb‐isotope ratios of sulfides of the ores are extremely uniform and significantly different from those of the tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Qinling orogens except for the ore‐hosting strata of the Waitoushan Formation. The Yindonggou and Xuyaogou orogenic Au‐Ag deposits in the East Qinling Mountains, whose ore bodies are hosted in the faults cutting the hosting strata or granite body, show fault‐controlled characteristics. Their ore‐fluids belong to the Na+‐Cl− type. The Pb‐isotope ratios of sulfides of ores are similar to those of the northern Qinling orogenic belt. The Waitoushan Formation, dominated by carbonaceous sericite‐rich schists and only occurring in Tongbai region, should be detached from the Erlangping Group, which occurs both in the western and eastern sides of the Nanyang Basin. Future ore exploration in the Tongbai‐East Qinling Mountains should focus on fault‐controlled Au‐Ag lodes.
Chronology and Geochemistry of Mesozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Linjiang Area, Jilin Province and their Tectonic Implications
Authors: YU Yang , XU Wenliang , PEI Fuping , YANG Debin , ZHAO Quanguo 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:Zircon U‐Pb ages and geochemical analytical results are presented for the volcanic rocks of the Naozhigou, Ergulazi, and Sidaogou Formations in the Linjiang area, southeastern Jilin Province to constrain the nature of magma source and their tectonic settings. The Naozhigou Formation is composed mainly of andesite and rhyolite and its weighted mean 206Pb/238U age for 13 zircon grains is 222±1 Ma. The Ergulazi Formation consists of basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and andesite, and six grains give a weighted mean 206Pb/Z38U age of 131±4 Ma. The Sidaogou Formation consists mainly of trachyandesite and rhyolite, and six zircon grains yield a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 113±4 Ma. The volcanic rocks have SiO2= 60.24%–77.46%, MgO = 0.36%–1.29% (Mg#= 0.32–0.40) for the Naozhigou Formation, SiO2= 51.60%–59.32%, MgO = 3.70%–5.54% (Mg#= 0.50–0.60) for the Ergulazi Formation, and SiO2= 58.28%–76.32%, MgO = 0.07%–1.20% (Mg#= 0.14–0.46) for the Sidaogou Formation. The trace element analytical results indicate that these volcanic rocks are characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), relative depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs, Nb, Ta, and Ti), and negative Eu anomalies. Compared with the primitive mantle, the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Linjiang area have relatively high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7053–0.7083) and low ɛNd(t) values (−8.38 to –2.43), and display an EMU trend. The late Triassic magma for the Naozhigou Formation could be derived from partial melting of a newly accretional crust with the minor involvement of the North China Craton basement and formed under an extensional environment after the collision of the Yangtze Craton and the North China Craton. The Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks for the Ergulazi and Sidaogou Formations could be formed under the tectonic setting of an active continental margin related to the westward subduction of the Izanagi plate.
A New Non‐Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from Qinglong County, Hebei Province of China
Authors: LÜ Junchang 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:A new basal non‐pterodactyloid pterosaur,Changchengopterus panigen. et sp. nov., is erected, on the basis of a nearly complete postcranial skeleton. The new taxon is distinguished by relatively short extensions of the prezygapophyses, postzygapophyses and haemal arches of the caudal vertebrae; a humerus that has a subtriangular deltopectoral crest; limb elements that decrease in length in the following order: ulna> wing‐phalange 2 > wing‐phalange 3 = wing‐phalange 1>humerus >tibia>femur>wing‐metacarpal. Phylogenetic analysis suggests thatChangchengopterusis a basal member of rhamphorhynchoids, and more closely related toDorygnathusthan to other rhamphorhychoids. The geological age of theChangchengopterus‐bearing sediments is no latter than the end of the Late Jurassic and it is possible Middle Jurassic.
Special Xenoliths in an Aegirine‐Augite Syenite Porphyry in Liuhe, Yunnan, China: Discovery and Implications
Authors: LIU Xianfan , SONG Xiangfeng , LU Qiuxia , TAO Zhuan , LONG Xunrong , ZHAO Fufeng 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:Three special types of xenoliths have recently been found in an aegirine‐augite syenite porphyry in Liuhe, Yunnan, China. Petrographical, petrochemical, electron microprobe, and scanning electron microscopy studies indicate that pure calcite xenocrysts and quartz‐bearing topaz pegmatite xenoliths result from the degassing of mantle fluids during their migration, and that black microcrystalline iron‐rich silicate‐melt xenoliths are the product of the extraction of mantle fluids accompanying degassing and are composed dominantly of quartz, chlorite, and iron‐rich columnar and sheet silicate minerals with characteristic minerals, such as native iron, apatite, and zircon. According to the bulk‐rock chemical and mineral compositions and crystallization states, the microcrystalline melt xenoliths are not the product of conventional magmatism, and especially the existence of native iron further proves that the xenoliths were mantle fluid materials under reduction or anoxic conditions. The study of the special xenoliths furnishes an important deep‐process geochemical background of polymetallic mineralization in different rocks and strata in the study area.
Transitions in Taste in Vietnam and the Diaspora
Authors: Thomas Mandy 
Published: April 2009

This paper argues that food and styles of eating have become the predominant markers of social change for the Vietnamese in both Vietnam and in the diaspora. In post‐socialist Vietnam the transition to a market economy has allowed for a huge growth in the number of restaurants and cafés, and in the north, a return to an earlier style of cooking. The intense interest and emphasis on food as embodied pleasure has meant that it has come to stand for the transition away from a heavily state‐controlled economy. The new configurations of family and friendship are being framed by newly available ways of ‘eating out’, which are both a means of social display and distinction as well as an indicator of the tensions between reform and festivity within an authoritarian nation‐state struggling to define itself in a globalising world.At the same time as food in Vietnam is undergoing rapid transformation so too has the Vietnamese diaspora generationally changed its eating patterns. Although there has been a focus in the literature on food in the diaspora that emphasises the nostalgic and recuperative elements of ‘migrant food’, I argue that food is the prime mechanism of intercultural engagement for each diasporic generation. For older Vietnamese, Vietnamese restaurants and barbecues have been the sites of interplay between cultural ‘tradition’ and innovation, and between Australianness and Vietnameseness, and these interstitial places continue to be important for younger Vietnamese. Within this established framework of cross‐cultural interaction, for Vietnamese youth, the social settings of ‘ethnic food’, eaten at home and shared with family, have been grafted onto a sociality of eating fast food. This melding together of both invention and convention, of transgression and ordinariness provides the background against which young people from migrant backgrounds are reinvigorating the social spaces of food consumption and in the process both re‐enchanting and destabilising the notion of migrant food.
Fosfomycin Suppresses Chemokine Induction in Airway Epithelial Cells Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Okabayashi Tamaki , Yokota Shin-ichi , Yoto Yuko , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Fujii Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects airway epithelial cells, causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Inflammation is mediated by various cytokines secreted from RSV-infected airway epithelial cells, and it promotes the pathogenesis of RSV-related diseases. Fosfomycin (FOF) is approved as a treatment for various bacterial infectious diseases, including respiratory infectious diseases, in Japan. FOF is suggested to exhibit immunomodulatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes and T lymphocytes, in addition to its antimicrobial activity. We investigated the effect of FOF on the cytokine production of an airway epithelial cell line, A549, infected with RSV. RSV-induced cytokines, such as regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and IL-6, in infected A549 cells. We found that FOF decreased the levels of RSV-induced RANTES and IL-8 but not the level of RSV-induced IL-6. The RANTES promoter was activated by RSV infection. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis of the RANTES promoter showed that NF-κB-binding motifs had a critical role in RSV-induced RANTES promoter activity. A luciferase reporter gene assay and a DNA-binding assay indicated that FOF suppressed the NF-κB activity induced by RSV infection. These results demonstrate that FOF treatment suppresses the RSV-induced transcription of the chemokines RANTES and IL-8 in airway epithelial cells.
Expression of Interleukin-5 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Dae Woo , Kim Young Tae , Kim Sang Wun , Kim SungHoon , Kim Jae Hoon , Kang Myung Hwa , Hwang Jeong Hye , Lim Jong baeck 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT
Interleukin-5 (IL-5) levels were significantly higher in vaginal washing fluids from patients with cervical carcinoma than in those from patients with carcinoma in situ and controls. Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels did not differ among the three groups. Detection of IL-5 in cervical secretions may be a useful marker for evaluating aggressive local immune response in cervical carcinoma.
Antibodies to
Staphylococcus aureus
Bone Sialoprotein-Binding Protein Indicate Infectious Osteomyelitis
Authors: Persson Lena , Johansson Christian , Rydén Cecilia 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Discrimination of soft tissue infection from osteomyelitis in diabetic foot infections is a common clinical problem.
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates from patients with osteomyelitis express bone sialoprotein-binding protein (Bbp) that binds the bone matrix protein bone sialoprotein. The serological assay with Bbp discriminated cases of osteomyelitis from soft tissue infections in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
Development and Evaluation of a Sensitive and Specific Assay for Diagnosis of Human Toxocariasis by Use of Three Recombinant Antigens (TES-26, TES-30USM, and TES-120)
Authors: Mohamad Suharni , Azmi Norhaida Che , Noordin Rahmah 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTDiagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serologic tests that useToxocaraexcretory-secretory (TES) antigen to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the larvae. In general, however, these assays do not have adequate specificity for use in countries in which other soil-transmitted helminths are endemic. The use of recombinant antigens in these assays, however, is promising for improving the specificity of the diagnosis of toxocariasis. Toward this goal, we developed an IgG4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) involving three recombinant antigens: rTES-30USM (previously produced), rTES-26, and rTES-120. The latter two antigens were produced by reverse transcription-PCR cloning; subcloned into glutathioneS-transferase (GST)-tagged and His-tagged prokaryotic expression vectors, respectively; and expressed inEscherichia coli. The recombinant proteins were subsequently purified by affinity chromatography using GST and His-Trap resins. The diagnostic potential of each purified recombinant antigen was tested with various immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM, and IgE) and IgG subclasses. The IgG4 ELISA was determined to have the highest specificity and was further evaluated using a panel of serum samples. The rTES-26 IgG4 ELISA showed 80.0% (24/30 samples positive) sensitivity, and both the rTES-30USM IgG4 ELISA and rTES-120 IgG4 ELISA had 93.0% (28/30) sensitivity. Combined use of rTES-120 and rTES-30 IgG4 ELISA for the diagnosis of toxocariasis provided 100% sensitivity. The specificities of rTES-26, rTES-30USM, and rTES-120 antigens were 96.2%, 93.9%, and 92.0%, respectively. These results indicate that the development of a diagnostic test using the three recombinant antigens will allow for more-accurate detection of toxocariasis.