bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive Visual Analysis of Temporal Cluster Structures
Authors: Turkay C. , Parulek J. , Reuter N. , Hauser H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCluster analysis is a useful method which reveals underlying structures and relations of items after grouping them into clusters. In the case of temporal data, clusters are defined over time intervals where they usually exhibit structural changes. Conventional cluster analysis does not provide sufficient methods to analyze these structural changes, which are, however, crucial in the interpretation and evaluation of temporal clusters. In this paper, we present two novel and interactive visualization techniques that enable users to explore and interpret the structural changes of temporal clusters. We introduce the temporal cluster view, which visualizes the structural quality of a number of temporal clusters, and temporal signatures, which represents the structure of clusters over time. We discuss how these views are utilized to understand the temporal evolution of clusters. We evaluate the proposed techniques in the cluster analysis of mixed lipid bilayers.
Lagrangian Coherent Structures with Guaranteed Material Separation
Authors: Germer T. , Otto M. , Peikert R. , Theisel H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGiven an unsteady flow field, one common way to compute Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) is to extract extremal structures of the Finite Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE). Experience has shown that the resulting structures are often close to material structures (i.e., material lines or material surfaces). Moreover, it has been proven that for an integration time converging to infinity, they converge to exact material structures. However, due to the finite integration time in FTLE, they are generally not exact material structures.In this paper we introduce a modification of the FTLE method which is guaranteed to produce separating material structures as features of a scalar field. We achieve this by incorporating the complete available integration time both in forward and backward direction, and by choosing an appropriate definition for separating structures. We apply our method to two test data sets and show the differences to classical FTLE.
Energy‐scale Aware Feature Extraction for Flow Visualization
Authors: Pobitzer A. , Tutkun M. , Andreassen Ø. , Fuchs R. , Peikert R. , Hauser H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the visualization of flow simulation data, feature detectors often tend to result in overly rich response, making some sort of filtering or simplification necessary to convey meaningful images. In this paper we present an approach that builds upon a decomposition of the flow field according to dynamical importance of different scales of motion energy. Focusing on the high‐energy scales leads to a reduction of the flow field while retaining the underlying physical process. The presented method acknowledges the intrinsic structures of the flow according to its energy and therefore allows to focus on the energetically most interesting aspects of the flow. Our analysis shows that this approach can be used for methods based on both local feature extraction and particle integration and we provide a discussion of the error caused by the approximation. Finally, we illustrate the use of the proposed approach for both a local and a global feature detector and in the context of numerical flow simulations.
Visual Reconstructability as a Quality Metric for Flow Visualization
Authors: Jänicke Heike , Weidner Thomas , Chung David , Laramee Robert S. , Townsend Peter , Chen Min 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present a novel approach for the evaluation of 2D flow visualizations based on the visual reconstructability of the input vector fields. According to this metric, a visualization has high quality if the underlying data can be reliably reconstructed from the image. This approach provides visualization creators with a cost‐effective means to assess the quality of visualization results objectively. We present a vision‐based reconstruction system for the three most commonly‐used visual representations of vector fields, namely streamlines, arrow glyphs, and line integral convolution. To demonstrate the use of visual reconstructability as a quality metric, we consider a selection of vector fields obtained from numerical simulations, containing typical flow features. We apply the three types of visualization to each dataset, and compare the visualization results based on their visual reconstructability of the original vector field.
Depth of Field Effects for Interactive Direct Volume Rendering
Authors: Schott Mathias , Pascal Grosset A.V. , Martin Tobias , Pegoraro Vincent , Smith Sean T. , Hansen Charles D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a method for interactive direct volume rendering is proposed for computing depth of field effects, which previously were shown to aid observers in depth and size perception of synthetically generated images. The presented technique extends those benefits to volume rendering visualizations of 3D scalar fields from CT/MRI scanners or numerical simulations. It is based on incremental filtering and as such does not depend on any pre‐computation, thus allowing interactive explorations of volumetric data sets via on‐the‐fly editing of the shading model parameters or (multi‐dimensional) transfer functions.
Fast Extraction of High‐quality Crease Surfaces for Visual Analysis
Authors: Barakat S. , Andrysco N. , Tricoche X. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present a novel algorithm for the efficient extraction and visualization of high‐quality ridge and valley surfaces from numerical datasets. Despite their rapidly increasing popularity in visualization, these so‐called crease surfaces remain challenging to compute owing to their strongly nonlinear and non‐orientable nature, and their complex boundaries. In this context, existing meshing techniques require an extremely dense sampling that is computationally prohibitive. Our proposed solution intertwines sampling and meshing steps to yield an accurate approximation of the underlying surfaces while ensuring the geometric quality of the resulting mesh. Using the computation power of the GPU, we propose a fast, parallel method for sampling. Additionally, we present a new front propagation meshing strategy that leverages CPU multiprocessing. Results are shown for synthetic, medical and fluid dynamics datasets.
Temporal Visualization of Boundary‐based Geo‐information Using Radial Projection
Authors: Drocourt Y. , Borgo R. , Scharrer K. , Murray T. , Bevan S. I. , Chen M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis work is concerned with a design study by an interdisciplinary team on visualizing a 10‐year record of seasonal and inter‐annual changes in frontal position (advance/retreat) of nearly 200 marine terminating glaciers in Greenland. Whilst the spatiotemporal nature of the raw data presents a challenge to develop a compact and intuitive visual design, the focus on coastal boundaries provides an opportunity for dimensional reduction. In this paper, we report the user‐centered design process carried out by the team, and present several visual encoding schemes that have met the requirements including compactness, intuitiveness, and ability to depict temporal changes and spatial relations. In particular, we designed a family of radial visualization, where radial lines correspond to different coastal locations, and nested rings represent the evolution of the temporal dimension from inner to outer circles. We developed an algorithm for mapping glacier terminus positions from Cartesian coordinates to angular coordinates. Instead of a naive uniform mapping, the algorithm maintains consistent spatial perception of the visually‐sensitive geographical references between their Cartesian and angular coordinates, and distributes other termini positions between primary locations based on coastal distance. This work has provided a useful solution to address the problem of inaccuracy in change evaluation based on pixel‐based visualization [BPC*10].
Anatomy‐Guided Multi‐Level Exploration of Blood Flow in Cerebral Aneurysms
Authors: Neugebauer Mathias , Janiga Gabor , Beuing Oliver , Skalej Martin , Preim Bernhard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFor cerebral aneurysms, the ostium, the area of inflow, is an important anatomic landmark, since it separates the pathological vessel deformation from the healthy parent vessel. A better understanding of the inflow characteristics, the flow inside the aneurysm and the overall change of pre‐ and post‐aneurysm flow in the parent vessel provide insights for medical research and the development of new risk‐reduced treatment options. We present an approach for a qualitative, visual flow exploration that incorporates the ostium and derived anatomical landmarks. It is divided into three scopes: a global scope for exploration of the in‐ and outflow, an ostium scope that provides characteristics of the flow profile close to the ostium and a local scope for a detailed exploration of the flow in the parent vessel and the aneurysm. The approach was applied to five representative datasets, including measured and simulated blood flow. Informal interviews with two board‐certified radiologists confirmed the usefulness of the provided exploration tools and delivered input for the integration of the ostium‐based flow analysis into the overall exploration workflow.
Analysis of horse movements and events during the 2007 outbreak of equine influenza in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Bell IG , Drury‐Klein C 
Published: June 2011

Objective  To analyse horse event and horse movement registration data collected between September 2007 and December 2008 during the outbreak of equine influenza in New South Wales, Australia.Results  A total of 9356 events were registered, involving 504,382 horses and 242,952 riders. Registered horse movements totalled 224,084, involving 349,327 horses (excluding mobs) travelling 34.4 million km with an average of 154 km per journey. The number of recorded events and movements were low while movement controls were most stringent, then increased from December 2007 as restrictions were eased, to peak in April 2008 with up to 290 events and 15,730 movements weekly, after which registrations declined as the disease was eradicated. The main types of events registered were pony clubs (38%), race meetings and trials (17%), competition (13%), and clinics and lessons (11%).Conclusions  Registration of horse events and movements allowed movement controls to be progressively eased while retaining the ability to trace the movements of large numbers of horses if needed. The number of recorded events, movements and distances travelled confirms the highly mobile nature of the recreational horse industries, helps to explain the rapid and widespread dispersal of the disease before movement restrictions were imposed, and also demonstrates the value of those restrictions as a control measure. The data provide a quantitative snap‐shot of horse events and movements, albeit distorted by the prevailing movement restrictions as well as by limitations in the data recording that should be addressed when developing traceability systems for horses in future.
Risk factors associated with relapse of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in Japan
Authors: Yokokawa Junko , Kanno Yukiko , Saito Hironobu , Abe Kazumichi , Takahashi Atsushi , Yokokawa Hirohide , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  Patients receiving corticosteroid therapy on a tapered schedule occasionally suffer autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) relapses. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and features of relapses, explore risk factors associated with relapses, and evaluate the effectiveness of azathioprine (AZP) therapy against relapses in Japanese patients with type 1 AIH.Methods:  We assessed clinical characteristics and therapeutic processes in 67 patients diagnosed with AIH.Results:  Twenty patients (29.9%) suffered from relapses during tapering of corticosteroid therapy. The remaining 47 patients sustained their remission. At the onset of disease, risk factors associated with relapse were: age of 50 years or older; total bilirubin of 1.5 mg/dL or more; aspartate aminotransferase levels of 250 IU/L or more; alanine aminotransferase levels of 250 IU/L or more; prothrombin activity of 80% or more; γ‐globulin levels of 3.4 g/dL or more; and International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) score of 17 or more in univariate analysis. Grading of histological interface hepatitis is not significantly associated with relapse. Multivariate analysis revealed that IAIHG scores of 17 or more were significantly associated with relapse (odds ratio = 6.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.19–36.33). Seven patients who relapsed were treated with AZP and prednisolone (PSL), and all sustained remission (100%). Of the remaining 13 relapse patients who received only PSL, eight (61.5%) suffered additional relapses.Conclusion:  Our results demonstrate the risk factors associated with relapse of AIH. We also show that early administration of AZP after the first relapse may help to prevent additional relapses.
Endovascular treatment of extracranial atherosclerotic disease involving the vertebral artery origins: a comparison of drug-eluting and bare-metal stents
Authors: Raghuram Karthikram , Seynnaeve Carl , Rai Ansaar T 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveTo determine whether drug-eluting (DE) stents offer any advantage over bare-metal (BM) stents in terms of restenosis rates and to identify indications for vertebral artery stenting (VAS) based on the current literature.MethodologyA retrospective analysis was performed for patients who underwent extracranial VAS for symptomatic stenosis. Patients were divided into two groups based on stent use (DE and BM).ResultsA total of 28 stents were implanted in 24 patients. Of these, 13 were DE and 15 BM. Technical success was achieved in all patients. There were procedure-related complications of retroperitoneal hematoma in some patients (3.6%). The median clinical and imaging follow-up times were 26 and 21 months, respectively, for the BM arm and 13 and 12 months, respectively, for the DE group. The mean stenosis percentage was 80.7±10.9 for the BM group and 87.0±9.5 for the DE group. The mean stent diameter was 4.7±0.5 for the BM group and 3.3±0.4 for the DE group (p<0.0001). There was no statistical difference in the restenosis rates among the two groups, 4/15 (26.7%) for BM and 4/13 (30.8%) for DE stents.ConclusionsExtracranial VAS is a relatively safe procedure. No differences could be elicited in the restenosis rates between BM and DE stents. While VAS has been reported for symptomatic and asymptomatic disease, a benefit of VAS has only been demonstrated for patients with symptoms clearly attributable to the diseased artery. The benefit of stenting in asymptomatic disease or stenting to improve perfusion to the anterior circulation is speculative.
Reliability-based load and resistance factors for soil-nail walls
Authors: Sivakumar Babu G.L. , Singh Vikas Pratap 
Published: June 2011

Existing soil nailing design methodologies are essentially based on limit equilibrium principles that together with a lumped factor of safety or a set of partial factors on the material parameters and loads account for uncertainties in design input parameter values. Recent trends in the development of design procedures for earth retaining structures are towards load and resistance factor design (LRFD). In the present study, a methodology for the use of LRFD in the context of soil-nail walls is proposed and a procedure to determine reliability-based load and resistance factors is illustrated for important strength limit states with reference to a 10 m high soil-nail wall. The need for separate partial factors for each limit state is highlighted, and the proposed factors are compared with those existing in the literature.
Tumor Immunology: Basic and Clinical Advances
Authors: Beatty Pamela L. , Cascio Sandra , Lutz Eric 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The third in a series of AACR conferences, entitled “Tumor Immunology: Basic and Clinical Advances,” was held in Miami Beach, Florida from November 30 to December 3, 2010. The overall objective of this meeting was to discuss rapid developments in the understanding of basic principles of antitumor immunity and strategies for increasing the success rate of cancer immunotherapy. The key findings that emerged from the meeting included (i) that integrated approaches are required for the development of effective cancer immunotherapies and (ii) attention should be on multiple cellular and molecular components and their broader networks rather than on a single pathway or cell type. Cancer Res; 71(13); 4338–43. ©2011 AACR.
Gastric Cancer Growth Control by BEZ235In VivoDoes Not Correlate with PI3K/mTOR Target Inhibition but with [18F]FLT Uptake
Authors: Fuereder Thorsten , Wanek Thomas , Pflegerl Pamina , Jaeger-Lansky Agnes , Hoeflmayer Doris , Strommer Sabine , Kuntner Claudia , Wrba Friedrich , Werzowa Johannes , Hejna Michael , Müller Markus , Langer Oliver , Wacheck Volker 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose: In this study, we tested the antitumor activity of the dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 against gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo.Experimental Design: Gastric cancer cell lines (N87, MKN45, and MKN28) were incubated with BEZ235 and assessed for cell viability, cell cycle, and PI3K/mTOR target inhibition. In vivo, athymic nude mice were inoculated with N87, MKN28, or MKN45 cells and treated daily with BEZ235. 3′-Deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) uptake was measured via small animal positron emission tomography (PET).Results: In vitro, BEZ235 dose dependently decreased the cell viability of gastric cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative activity of BEZ235 was linked to a G1 cell-cycle arrest. In vivo, BEZ235 treatment resulted in PI3K/mTOR target inhibition as shown by dephosphorylation of AKT and S6 protein in all xenograft models. However, BEZ235 treatment only inhibited tumor growth of N87 xenografts, whereas no antitumor effect was observed in the MKN28 and MKN45 xenograft models. Sensitivity to BEZ235 in vivo correlated with downregulation of the proliferation marker thymidine kinase 1. Accordingly, [18F]FLT uptake was only significantly reduced in the BEZ235-sensitive N87 xenograft model as measured by PET.Conclusion: In conclusion, in vivo sensitivity of gastric cancer xenografts to BEZ235 did not correlate with in vitro antiproliferative activity or in vivo PI3K/mTOR target inhibition by BEZ235. In contrast, [18F]FLT uptake was linked to BEZ235 in vivo sensitivity. Noninvasive [18F]FLT PET imaging might qualify as a novel marker for optimizing future clinical testing of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 17(16); 5322–32. ©2011 AACR.
Lupeol, a Novel Androgen Receptor Inhibitor: Implications in Prostate Cancer Therapy
Authors: Siddique Hifzur Rahman , Mishra Shrawan Kumar , Karnes R. Jeffery , Saleem Mohammad 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Conventional therapies to treat prostate cancer (CaP) of androgen-dependent phenotype (ADPC) and castration-resistant phenotype (CRPC) are deficient in outcome which has necessitated a need to identify those agents that could target AR for both disease types. We provide mechanism-based evidence that lupeol (Lup-20(29)-en-3b-ol) is a potent inhibitor of androgen receptor (AR) in vitro and in vivo.
Experimental Design: Normal prostate epithelial cell (RWPE-1), LAPC4 (wild functional AR/ADPC), LNCaP (mutant functional/AR/ADPC), and C4-2b (mutant functional/AR/CRPC) cells were used to test the anti-AR activity of lupeol. Cells grown under androgen-rich environment and treated with lupeol were tested for proliferation, AR transcriptional activity, AR competitive ligand binding, AR–DNA binding, and AR–ARE/target gene binding. Furthermore, in silico molecular modeling for lupeol–AR binding was done. Athymic mice bearing C4-2b and LNCaP cell–originated tumors were treated intraperitoneally with lupeol (40 mg/kg; 3 times/wk) and tumor growth and surrogate biomarkers were evaluated. To assess bioavailability, lupeol serum levels were measured.
Results: Lupeol significantly inhibited R1881 (androgen analogue) induced (i) transcriptional activity of AR and (ii) expression of PSA. Lupeol (i) competed antagonistically with androgen for AR, (ii) blocked the binding of AR to AR-responsive genes including PSA, TIPARP, SGK, and IL-6, and (iii) inhibited the recruitment of RNA Pol II to target genes. Lupeol sensitized CRPC cells to antihormone therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that lupeol is bioavailable to mice. Lupeol inhibited the tumorigenicity of both ADPC and CRPC cells in animals. Serum and tumor tissues exhibited reduced PSA levels.
Conclusion: Lupeol, an effective AR inhibitor, could be developed as a potential agent to treat human CaP. Clin Cancer Res; 17(16); 5379–91. ©2011 AACR.
Clopidogrel response variability and the advent of personalised antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Gurbe Paul A. , Tantry Udaya S. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryPlatelet-mediated thrombosis is a dreaded clinical event and is the primary cause of acute coronary syndromes and post-percutaneous intervention (PCI) ischaemic events. There has been a long standing interest in the ex vivo quantification of platelet reactivity to assess the risk of thrombosis. Early studies demonstrated platelet activation and heightened platelet reactivity in acute coronary syndromes and after PCI. However, a demonstration that heightened reactivity actually precipitated the ischaemic event was lacking. Our knowledge of platelet receptor physiology and the advent of novel inhibitors have significantly advanced the field. The P2Y12 receptor has been shown to play a pivotal role in the amplification of platelet activation by multiple agonists and its inhibition has resulted in improved clinical outcomes. The most widely used drug to block P2Y12 receptor, clopidogrel is associated with resistance in selected patients and these patients have been shown to be at increased risk for post-PCI ischaemic event occurrence in multiple studies. Importantly, a threshold of high platelet reactivity has been demonstrated, and beyond this threshold ischaemic events occur precipitously. Based on the current evidence, it is rational to quantify the intensity of the ADP-P2Y12 interaction in the patient at the greatest risk for thrombosis-the PCI patient. However, there is only evidence from small clinical trials demonstrating the clinical efficacy of changing an antiplatelet regimen based on an ex vivo platelet function measurement. Moreover, there are numerous patients with vulnerable coronary anatomy that have not yet experienced plaque rupture; the prognostic role of a measurement of platelet reactivity in the latter group has never been studied. Large-scale trials are ongoing that will investigate the role of personalised antiplatelet therapy in the PCI patient.