bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the FeO2+ and FeS2+ complexes in the cyanide and isocyanide ligand environment for methane hydroxylation
Authors: Tang Hao , Li Zhuo , Yang Yu‐Hong , Zhao Ying , Wan Su‐Qin , Liu Hui‐Ling , Huang Xu‐Ri 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA general comparison of fundamental distinctions between the FeO2+ and FeS2+ complexes in an identical cyanide or isocyanide ligand environment for methane hydroxylation has been probed computationally in this work in a series of hypothetical [FeIV(X)(CN)5]3−, [FeIV(X)(NC)5]3−, (X = O, S) complexes. We have detailed an analysis of the geometric and electronic structures using density functional theory calculations. In addition, their σ‐ and π‐mechanisms in CH bond activation process have been described with the aid of the schematic molecular orbital diagram. From our theoretical results, it is shown that (a) the iron(IV)‐sulfido complex apparently is able to hydroxylate CH bond of methane as good as the iron(IV)‐oxo species, (b) the OCN, SCN complexes have an inherent preference for the low‐spin state, while for the case of ONC and SNC in which S = 1 and S = 2 states are relatively close in energy, (c) each of the d block electron orbital plays an important role, which is not just spectator electron, and (d) in comparison to the cyanide and isocyanide ligand environment, we can see that the FeS2+ species prefer the cyanide ligand environment, while the FeO2+ species favor the isocyanide ligand environment. In addition, a remarkably good correlation of the σ‐/π‐mechanism for hydrogen abstraction from methane with the gap between the Fe‐dz2 (α) and CH (α) pair as well as the Fe‐dxz/yz (β) and CH (β) pair has been found. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cooperative action of JNK and AKT/mTOR in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium‐induced autophagy of neuronal PC12 cells
Authors: Rodríguez‐Blanco Jezabel , Martín Vanesa , García‐Santos Guillermo , Herrera Federico , Casado‐Zapico Sara , Antolín Isaac , Rodriguez Carmen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractParkinson's disease has been widely related to both apoptosis and oxidative stress. Many publications relate the loss of mitochondrial potential to an apoptosis‐mediated cell death in different in vivo and in vitro models of this pathology. The present study used the dopaminegic specific neurotoxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) on neuron‐like PC12 cells, which is a well‐accepted model of Parkinson's disease. Results showed an early increase in oxidants, which drives the modulation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, mimicking peroxide treatment. However, the cell death found in neuronal PC12 cells treated with MPP+ was not a caspase‐associated apoptosis. Electron microscopic images illustrated autophagic cell death, which was confirmed by a Beclin‐1 and ATG expression increase, accumulation of acidic vesicles, and rescue by an autophagy inhibitor. In conclusion, the boost in oxidants from MPP+ treatment in neuronal PC12 is modulating both survival (AKT/mTOR) and death (JNK) pathways, which are the perpetrators of an autophagic cell death. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of Trichoderma harzianum SQR‐T037 bio‐organic fertiliser significantly controls Fusarium wilt and affects the microbial communities of continuously cropped soil of cucumber
Authors: Chen Li‐Hua , Huang Xin‐Qi , Zhang Feng‐Ge , Zhao Di‐Kun , Yang Xing‐Ming , Shen Qi‐Rong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The reduction in diversity of the soil microbial community causes the disorder of continuous cropping. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of applying Trichoderma harzianum SQR‐T037 bio‐organic fertiliser (BIO) on the microbial community in continuously cropped cucumber soil. Four treatments were set: (1) control, where neither seedling nursery soil (N) nor transplanted soil (T) was amended with BIO; (2) N treatment, where nursery soil was amended with BIO (1% w/w) but transplanted soil was not; (3) N + T treatment, where BIO was added to both nursery soil (1% w/w) and transplanted soil (0.5% w/w); (4) uncropped soil, where soil was left uncropped consistently.RESULTS: A disease index of 72.2% was found for the control treatment, while the N and N + T treatments had disease indices of only 25 and 15% respectively. Analysis of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles showed that the bacterial communities of the N and N + T treatments were similar to those of the uncropped soil but distinct from those of the control soil. The fungal communities of the N and N + T treatments differed from those of both the uncropped soil and the control.CONCLUSION: Addition of BIO to both the nursery soil and the transplanted soil can diversify the microbial community in continuously cropped cucumber soil and thus effectively control Fusarium wilt of cucumber plants. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Phenylboronic‐Acid‐Modified Amphiphilic Polyether as a Neutral Gene Vector
Authors: Chen Fujie , Zhang Zhenguo , Cai Mengmeng , Zhang Xiaojin , Zhong Zhenlin , Zhuo Renxi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA phenylboronic‐acid‐modified amphiphilic block polyether is prepared via reaction of polyglycidol‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(propylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐polyglycidol (Pluronic‐PG) with 2‐(N,N‐dimethylaminomethyl)‐5‐aminomethyl phenylboronic acid using phosgene as a coupling reagent. The boronic‐acid‐modified non‐cationic polymer binds plasmid pGL3 effectively, forms sub‐µm polymer/DNA complex particles, and greatly facilitates the cell uptake of the plasmid. The efficiency of the polymer as a gene vector is evaluated in vitro by transfection of pGL3 to HeLa, COS‐7 and HepG2 cells. Pluronic‐PG‐BA enhances the transfection efficiency by 100 to 1000 times compared with Pluronic‐PG. The presence of serum does not significantly affect the transfection efficiency.magnified image
Bladder inhibition by intermittent pudendal nerve stimulation in cat using transdermal amplitude‐modulated signal (TAMS)
Authors: Tai Changfeng , Shen Bing , Wang Jicheng , Subbaroyan Jeyakumar , Roppolo James R. , de Groat William C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimsTo determine if intermittent stimulation of the pudendal nerve using a transcutaneous stimulation method can inhibit reflex bladder activity. Intermittent stimulation consumes less electrical power than continuous stimulation, requiring a smaller battery and reducing the size of the stimulator for neuromodulation therapy.MethodsA non‐invasive stimulation method employing a transdermal amplitude‐modulated signal (TAMS) was used in 18 α‐chloralose anesthetized cats to stimulate the pudendal nerve via electrodes attached to the skin surface. Intermittent stimulation of different duty cycles was applied during repeated cystometrograms (CMGs) to inhibit reflex bladder activity. The bladder capacity measured during each CMG was used to indicate the inhibitory effect induced by the stimulation.ResultsContinuous stimulation maximally increased bladder capacity to 172.6 ± 15% of the control capacity, while intermittent stimulation at the duty cycles of 30/30, 5/5, and 1/1 (“on/off” in seconds) significantly (P < 0.05) increased bladder capacity to 132 ± 7.5%, 154.2 ± 20%, and 165.5 ± 28%, respectively. The inhibitory effect was gradually reduced as the “on/off” ratio was decreased.ConclusionsThis pre‐clinical study indicated that intermittent stimulation of the pudendal nerve could be as effective as continuous stimulation to inhibit reflex bladder activity. These results are useful for the design and development of new stimulator technology to treat overactive bladder, and are also important for understanding pudendal neuromodulation therapy. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1181–1184, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal varicella – diagnosis, management, and outcome
Authors: Mandelbrot Laurent 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTFetal varicella syndrome (FVS) is due to transplacental infection by the Varicella zoster virus following maternal infection. The risks for the fetus and neonate depend on the timing. When varicella occurs around delivery, it often leads to disseminated neonatal varicella. When varicella occurs during pregnancy, transmission can occur, but is usually asymptomatic; some infants develop zoster postnatally and a few have FVS. Before 20 weeks' gestation, FVS can occur, with an incidence of about 1%. The lesions can affect the skin, limbs, central and autonomous nervous systems, eyes, cause calcifications, and growth retardation; mortality is high. Lesions typically follow one or several nerve territories, suggesting that damage results from in utero zoster following primary fetal infection. There has been little study of prenatal diagnosis of FVS. Serial ultrasound examination can detect various anomalies, magnetic resonance imaging can be of use to investigate for microphthamia and cerebral lesions, and amniocentesis can diagnose viral transmission. Prevention strategies include vaccination and post‐exposure prophylaxis with immune globulin and/or antivirals. Perspectives for treating infected fetuses in utero require further research. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lightning occurrence characteristics in Japan for 17 years: observation results with lightning location systems of electric power utilities from 1992 to 2008
Authors: Shindo Takatoshi , Motoyama Hideki , Sakai Akira , Honma Noriyasu , Takami Jun , Shimizu Masahito , Tamura Kiyoshi , Shinjo Kazuo , Ishikawa Fumio , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Ikuta Masateru , Takahashi Daisuke 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe summarize the lightning data for 17 years from 1992 to 2008 obtained with lightning location systems of nine electric power utilities in Japan and analyze them. The observed annual number of lightning flashes of which the current is more than 10 kA is 400 000–800 000 and the 50% value of the cumulative distribution of lightning peak currents is about 23 kA in recent times. The variation of lightning occurrence characteristics by areas, seasons, and so on, is clarified. Comparison of the obtained data with those obtained by another lightning location system is also made. The relationship between lightning occurrence and climate is discussed. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Advanced error concealment for 1Seg video communication considering error propagation inside a frame
Authors: Wang Jun , Goto Satoshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTransmission of compressed video over error‐prone channels may result in packet losses or errors, which can significantly degrade the image quality. Such degradation becomes even worse in 1Seg video broadcasting, which is widely used in Japan and Brazil for mobile phone TV services recently, where errors are drastically increased and the lost areas are contiguous. Therefore, the errors in the earlier concealed MBs (macro blocks) may propagate to the MBs later to be concealed inside the same frame (spatial domain). The error concealment (EC) is used to recover the lost data by the redundancy in videos. Aiming at spatial error propagation (SEP) reduction, this paper proposes an SEP‐reduction‐based EC (SEPEC). In SEPEC, besides the mismatch distortion in the current MB, the potential propagated mismatch distortion in the following to be concealed MBs is also minimized. Also, two extensions of SEPEC, i.e. SEPEC with refined search and SEPEC with multiple layer match, are discussed. Compared with previous work, the experiments show SEPEC achieves much better performance of video recovery and excellent trade‐off between quality and computation in 1Seg broadcasting. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A learning Fuzzy Petri net model
Authors: Feng Liangbing , Obayashi Masanao , Kuremoto Takashi , Kobayashi Kunikazu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFuzzy Petri net (FPN) is a powerful modeling tool for the construction of knowledge systems. In this paper, we propose a new learning model tool—learning fuzzy Petri net (LFPN). In contrast with the existing FPN, there are three extensions in the new model: (i) the place can possess different tokens which represent different propositions; (ii) these propositions have different degrees of truth toward different transitions; and (iii) the truth degree of the proposition can be learned by adjusting the arc's weight function. The LFPN model obtains the capability of learning fuzzy production rules through truth degree updating. The LFPN learning algorithm which introduces network learning method into Petri net update is proposed and the convergence of algorithm is analyzed. Finally, for the purpose of certification of the effectiveness of the proposed model, LFPN is used to model the Web service discovery. The result of the simulation shows that the proposed LFPN is useful and effective. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A constant DC voltage control‐based strategy for an active power quality compensator in electrified railways with improved response
Authors: Ishikura Norio , Ishibashi Keisuke , Hiraki Eiji , Tanaka Toshihiko 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper proposes a constant DC voltage control‐based strategy for an active power quality compensator (APQC) used in electrified railways. The proposed strategy consists of only an I‐PD‐based constant DC capacitor voltage control with an added moving‐average type low‐pass filter (LPF). The added LPF improves the response of the constant DC capacitor voltage control for the APQC. Thus we offer the simplest control method for the APQC used in electrified railways with improved response. The basic principle of the proposed control strategy is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation using the PSIM software. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that balanced source currents with unity power factor are obtained on the primary side of the Scott transformer in the traction substation systems, improving the response by one‐fourth as compared to that of the previously proposed control method. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transformation of China's sovereign wealth fund since the 2008‐2009 global crisis
Authors: Wu Friedrich , Goh Christine , Hajela Ruchi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractChina Investment Corporation (CIC) transformed its initial investment strategy of focusing mainly on the US financial sector during 2007‐2008 into a new strategy of diversified investments across geography and sectors since 2009. Massive financial losses and domestic political backlash during the global financial crisis of 2008 gave impetus to CIC's rethinking of strategy. In the midst of the crisis, CIC engineered a capacity‐building and reorganization exercise to reposition itself for a new strategy that has since allowed for more diversification of investments. A more receptive global investment climate for sovereign wealth funds has also aided CIC's efforts to present itself as a responsible global investor and facilitated its investments. Postcrisis, CIC's new strategy of diversification is characterized by continued investments in the financial sector, but with new investments increasingly directed to real sectors of energy, natural resources, and real estate in both developed and emerging economies. Notwithstanding a global recovery that is fraught with uncertainties, CIC's judicious timing in making diversified investments, and its attention to reducing risks and enhancing returns, have been rewarded by an impressive turnaround in performance since 2009. Going forward, the success and sustainability of the new strategy will be contingent on how well CIC can navigate domestic bureaucratic rivalry and the shifting climate of the international investment environment in the medium to long term. Ultimately, CIC's shareholder, the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC), holds the key to its future direction and goals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Esophagogastric Trauma in Scotland
Authors: Skipworth Richard J. E. , McBride Olivia M. B. , Kerssens Jan J. , Paterson‐Brown Simon 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to investigate the incidence of esophageal (ET) and gastric trauma (GT) in Scotland and to identify factors associated with adverse outcome.MethodsPopulation‐based study of a prospective multicenter database of 52,887 trauma patients, admitted to 25 hospitals from 1992 to 2002.ResultsThirty patients [0.06 %; median age, 32 year (range, 15–79); 86.7 % male] sustained ET [17 (56.7 %) blunt vs. 13 (43.3 %) penetrating]. The most common causes of injury were road traffic accidents (RTAs; n = 11; 36.7 %) and assaults (n = 10; 33.3 %). Most patients (n = 25; 83.3 %) had injury severity scores (ISS) >15, consistent with severe trauma. Fifteen patients (50 %) underwent surgery, of whom 8 (53.3 %) died. Another 13 patients died, yielding an overall mortality rate of 70 %. In contrast, 149 patients [0.29 %; median age, 28 year (range, 13–74); 90.6 % male] sustained GT [124 (83.2 %) penetrating vs. 25 (16.8 %) blunt]. The predominant cause was assault (n = 119; 79.9 %). Most patients (n = 134; 89.9 %) underwent surgery, of which 23 (17.2 %) died. Another 12 patients died, yielding an overall mortality rate of 23.5 %. Factors associated independently with GT mortality included higher ISS, lower Glasgow coma scale (GCS), and hemodynamic compromise.ConclusionsEsophagogastric trauma occurs predominantly in young males. The incidence of GT, although low, is five times that of ET. Predominant mechanisms of GT are penetrating compared with blunt for ET. Both ET and GT are commonly found in the presence of other multiple injuries, and are associated with high mortality. Operative management of GT is associated with reduced mortality, but outcome is worse for patients with hemodynamic compromise, low GCS, and high ISS.
Genetic Implications of Rare Uraninite and Pyrite in Quartz-Pebble Conglomerates from Sundargarh District of Orissa, Eastern India
Authors: Kumar Ajay , S.Venkatesh A. , Babu P. V. Ramesh , Nayak S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Petrographic and EPMA studies reveal the presence of discrete grains of uraninite and pyrite are being reported for the first time in quartz-pebble conglomerates from western margin of Bonai granite pluton, Sundargarh district, Orissa. Uraninite grains (2-3 μ in size) are subrounded to muffin shaped which show variation in UO2 (63.86 to 71.73 wt %), ThO2 (5.48 to 6.42 wt %) and RE2O3 (1.57 to 2.23 wt %). Pegmatitic source of uraninite is revealed by comparing UO2, ThO2, PbO, CaO content and ratios of UO2/ThO2 and CaO/ThO2 in uraninites from pegmatite and other environments and areas. Subrounded to muffin shape of uraninite, their association with subrounded pyrite and heavies like zircon, tourmaline, chromite, monazite, magnetite and their comparable chemistry with well established quartz-pebble conglomerates of India and world are indicative of their detrital origin. Pyrite, minor chalcopyrite and rare galena are observed as sulphide phases in conglomerate. Variable shapes of pyrite, their low Co (up to 0.16 wt %) and Ni contents (up to 0.09 wt %) and Co/Ni ratio less than 1.0 (mean= 0.63) favours sedimentary/diagenetic origin.
Recommendations on follow-up strategies for idiopathic vocal fold paralysis: evidence-based review
Authors: Tsikoudas A , Paleri V , El-Badawey M Reda , Zammit-Maempel I 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Vocal fold paralysis can be an early warning sign of serious extra-laryngeal pathology. Even if imaging investigations show no pathology, there is always concern about the emergence of new pathology in the future. There is currently no consensus on the best follow-up protocol for vocal fold paralysis patients with no abnormalities on investigation.Methods:Systematic review, using an Ovid and Medline database search of papers written in the English language and published in the last 20 years.Results:Eight relevant studies were identified. Not all of them were directly comparable. A narrative review of the studies is presented and conclusions are drawn.Conclusion:Current diagnostic modalities are sufficiently reliable and sensitive to diagnose any significant existing extra-laryngeal pathology. Thus, once initial investigation (including computed tomography) has concluded, no further follow up is necessary.
The mechanical properties of kinesin-1: a holistic approach
Authors: Jeppesen George M. , Hoerber J.K. Heinrich 
Published: April 2012

During the last 25 years, a vast amount of research has gone into understanding the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin-1 and similar processive motor proteins. An experimental method that has been widely used to this effect is the in vitro study of kinesin-1 molecules moving along microtubules while pulling a bead, the position of which is monitored optically while trapped in a laser focus. Analysing results from such experiments, in which thermally excited water molecules are violently buffeting the system components, can be quite difficult. At low loads, the effect of the mechanical properties of the entire molecule must be taken into account, as stalk compliance means the bead position recorded is only weakly coupled to the movement of the motor domains, the sites of ATP hydrolysis and microtubule binding. In the present review, findings on the mechanical and functional properties of the various domains of full-length kinesin-1 molecules are summarized and a computer model is presented that uses this information to simulate the motion of a bead carried by a kinesin molecule along a microtubule, with and without a weak optical trap present. A video sequence made from individual steps of the simulation gives a three-dimensional visual insight into these types of experiment at the molecular level.
Automated gene-model curation using global discriminative learning
Authors: Bernal Axel , Crammer Koby , Pereira Fernando 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMotivation: Gene-model curation creates consensus gene models by combining multiple sources of protein-coding evidence that may be incomplete or inconsistent. To date, manual curation still produces the highest quality models. However, manual curation is too slow and costly to be completed even for the most important organisms. In recent years, machine-learned ensemble gene predictors have become a viable alternative to manual curation. Current approaches make use of signal and genomic region consistency among sources and some voting scheme to resolve conflicts in the evidence. As a further step in that direction, we have developed eCRAIG (ensemble CRAIG), an automated curation tool that combines multiple sources of evidence using global discriminative training. This allows efficient integration of different types of genomic evidence with complex statistical dependencies to maximize directly annotation accuracy. Our method goes beyond previous work in integrating novel non-linear annotation agreement features, as well as combinations of intrinsic features of the target sequence and extrinsic annotation features.Results: We achieved significant improvements over the best ensemble predictors available for Homo sapiens, Caenorhabditis elegans and Arabidopsis thaliana. In particular, eCRAIG achieved a relative mean improvement of 5.1% over Jigsaw, the best published ensemble predictor in all our experiments.Availability: The source code and datasets are both available at http://www.seas.upenn.edu/abernal/ecraig.tgzContact: abernal@seas.upenn.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.