bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the RASCAN holographic radar to cultural heritage inspections
Authors: Capineri L. , Falorni P. , Borgioli G. , Bulletti A. , Valentini S. , Ivashov S. , Zhuravlev A. , Razevig V. , Vasiliev I. , Paradiso M. , Inagaki M. , Windsor C. , Bechtel T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the application of the RASCAN holographic radar for non‐destructive subsurface imaging of works of art and architecture. This radar provides high‐resolution plan‐view images of the shallow subsurface in dielectric materials. The radar is particularly sensitive to small metallic targets, but also to variations in moisture content. Originally developed for detection of hidden bugging devices, sounding of building construction details, and detection of landmines, here the utility of the RASCAN radar for art and architectural preservation studies is demonstrated by several bench‐top experiments on stone and wood items with different subsurface defects and features, as well as actual field tests on a decorative marble medallion in the floor of the Temple of San Biagio in Montepulciano, Italy, and Frescoes in the Church of San Rocco in Cornaredo, Italy. Historical research indicates that the medallion in San Biagio was laid circa 1590 during the funeral ceremony of a Prelatio of the family Casata Cervini. The actual burial place of the Prelatio is not recorded, but a radar scan of the medallion, and follow‐up scans of a bench‐top model suggest the possibility of a cavity that could contain remains or relics. In San Rocco, small delaminations were detected behind the frescos. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zu den Akten. Verlags‐ und Wissenschaftsstrategien der frühen Wiener Psychoanalyse
Authors: Windgätter Christof 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTowards the Files. Psychoanalysis and Its Publishing House Strategies. The following case study deals with the Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, founded 1919 in Vienna by a group around Sigmund Freud and shut down in 1938 by the Gestapo. During that time the Verlag published the titles of the contemporary psychoanalytic movement, including the first psychoanalytic dictionary, the Almanach as a yearbook, the four authoritative journals, as well as the first complete edition of Freud's writings. A single publishing house became thus responsible for the appearance of an entire theory – a unique situation without historical comparison. My thesis here is that the Verlag initiated certain strategies of publicising (e.g. centralising the movement, enforcing the company's name, labelling its activities) that were, prior to arguments and contents, constitutive for the development of psychoanalysis as well as its implementation within the field of science. Consequently, these strategies cannot be found through interpretations of psychoanalytical texts, but in the genuine files and in view of the material products (books, journals, blurbs, advertisements etc.) that were passed down from the Verlag. As an opening step, this essay explores several of those Viennese files, showing that the Verlag not only struggled with monetary and personal problems but rather and foremost launched branding, marketing and public relation campaigns as key concepts to make sciences and its particular knowledge acceptable. As a result the Verlag changed from a commercial and distributive institution to an epistemic medium.
Design and facile solid‐phase synthesis of peptide‐based LPS‐inhibitors containing PEG‐like functionalities
Authors: Mas‐Moruno Carlos , Cascales Laura , Mora Puig , Cruz Luis J. , Pérez‐Payá Enrique , Albericio Fernando 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLPS release from Gram‐negative bacteria can result in sepsis, a serious systemic inflammatory response to infection that can lead to septic shock and multiple organ failure. Thus, easy‐to‐synthesize, effective, and safe LPS‐inhibitors are required to develop new agents for the treatment of sepsis. On the basis of the chemical features of the toxic part of LPS, lipid A, here we present peptide‐based LPS‐neutralizers that can be readily obtained using solid‐phase methodologies. The presence of PEG‐like moieties yielded the most active compounds, thereby indicating that these functionalities may be of great value in the design of new inhibitors. In this regard, the substitution of several amino acids by PEG‐like chains in a previously reported cyclic anti‐LPS peptide (the peptide RLKWc) rendered a new derivative that retained the activity of the original peptide. We foresee that this strategy could be successfully applied to other LPS‐neutralizing peptides. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 508–517, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The lateral calcaneal artery: Anatomic basis for planning safe surgical approaches
Authors: Elsaidy Mohamed A. , El‐Shafey Khaled 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe proximity of the lateral calcaneal artery (LCA) to surgical incisions applied to the lateral hindfoot makes it vulnerable to iatrogenic injury and subsequent postoperative skin necrosis. This study aimed to investigate the course of the LCA and to define anatomical points that can be used by surgeons during lateral approaches to the calcaneus. Thirteen leg‐ankle‐foot specimens were dissected and the superficial course of the LCA was outlined by three anatomic points: (a) tip of lateral malleolus, (b) the point where it pierces the deep fascia, and (c) the point where it crosses the line connecting the lateral malleoluswith the insertion of Achilles tendon. Fifteen healthy volunteers were investigated by color Doppler ultrasound where the diameter and depth of LCA were measured. The LCA pierced the deep fascia at a maximum height of 4.5 cm (mean 3.78) above the midpoint of a line extending from the lateral malleolus to the insertion of Achilles tendon. It crossed the previous line at a maximum distance of 3 cm (mean 2.6) posterior to lateral malleolus. At this point, its mean diameter was 1.75 mm on the right and 1.73 mm on the left sides, while its mean depth was 7.73 mm on the right and 8.0 mm on the left sides. A dangerous triangle that contained the superficial course of the artery was mapped out in the lower lateral part of the leg. This triangle should be considered during surgical approaches applied to the lateral hindfoot to avoid damage of the LCA. Clin. Anat. 22:834–839, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automatic confidence adjustment of visual cues in model‐based camera tracking
Authors: Park Hanhoon , Oh Jihyun , Seo Byung‐Kuk , Park Jong‐Il 
Published: July 2009

AbstractModel‐based camera tracking is a technology that estimates a precise camera pose based on visual cues (e.g., feature points, edges) extracted from camera images given a 3D scene model and a rough camera pose. This paper proposes an automatic method for flexibly adjusting the confidence of visual cues in model‐based camera tracking. The adjustment is based on the conditions of the target object/scene and the reliability of the initial or previous camera pose. Under uncontrolled or less‐controlled working environments, the proposed object‐adaptive tracking method works flexibly at 20 frames per second on an ultra mobile personal computer (UMPC) with an average tracking error within 3 pixels when the camera image resolution is 320 by 240 pixels. This capability enabled the proposed method to be successfully applied to a mobile augmented reality (AR) guidance system for a museum. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitamin C and E combination modulates oxidative stress induced by X‐ray in blood of smoker and nonsmoker radiology technicians
Authors: Kayan Mustafa , Nazıroğlu Mustafa , Çelik Ömer , Yalman Kadir , Köylü Halis 
Published: July 2009

AbstractX‐ray radiation is detrimental to human cells and may lead to development of life‐threatening diseases. Cigarette smoke contains about 500 chemicals that include organic and oxidant compounds whereas vitamin C and E (VCE) have scavenger effects on the compounds. We investigated effects of VCE administration on X‐ray‐induced oxidative toxicity in blood of smoker and nonsmoker X‐ray technicians.Twenty technicians and 30 healthy age‐matched subjects control were used in the study. Ten of the X‐ray technicians and 15 of the control were smokers. Blood samples were taken from the control. Oral vitamin C (500 mg) and vitamin E (150 mg) were daily supplemented to the smoker and nonsmoker X‐ray technicians for 5 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the X‐ray technicians after and before 5 weeks. Plasma and erythrocytes lipid peroxidation (LP), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, erythrocytes glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and plasma antioxidant vitamin concentrations were investigated in control and X‐ray technicians with smoker and nonsmoker.Plasma and erythrocytes LP levels were higher in the total X‐ray group and smoker X‐ray group than in control and nonsmoker X‐ray group, respectively although the LP level was decreased by the VCE treatment. The plasma vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, and β‐carotene concentrations were lower in the X‐ray group than in control although their concentrations were increased by the treatment. The erythrocytes GSH level and GSH‐Px activity were found to be higher in the treatment group than in the X‐ray group. Plasma GSH level was not found to be different in all group.Reactive oxygen species may play role in the mechanism that has been proposed to explain the biological side effect of X‐ray radiation and smoke. VCE prevents the smoke and X‐ray‐induced oxidative stress to strengthen antioxidant vitamin concentrations in the blood of the technicians. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propionate Analogues of Zearalenone Bind to Hsp90
Authors: Ugele Markus , Sasse Florenz , Knapp Stefan , Fedorov Oleg , Zubriene Asta , Matulis Daumantas , Maier Martin E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBy replacement of an acetate with propionate through organic synthesis a range of zearalenone analogues were prepared. As key steps in the synthesis of the analogues we used the Noyori hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate followed by Frater alkylation of the enantiomeric 3‐hydroxybutyrates. This converted the second acetate to a propionate. Through the derived alkyne, chain extension led to 3‐methylundec‐10‐en‐2‐ol derivatives. These were condensed with 2,4‐dimethoxy‐6‐vinylbenzoic acid. Ring‐closing metathesis of the obtained esters led to macrolactones, which were deproteced to give the zearalenone analogues. Several of the analogues showed cytotoxicity against the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line comparable to zearalenone (9 μM) itself. In the thermal‐shift assay, two analogues 35 and ent‐35 displayed stronger binding than the natural product geldanamycin to the chaperone Hsp90.
Manipulation of Intracellular Auxin in a Single Cell by Light with Esterase‐Resistant Caged Auxins
Authors: Kusaka Naoyuki , Maisch Jan , Nick Peter , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro , Nozaki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAuxin, a plant hormone, is polar transported from its site of production. This auxin polar transport system establishes an auxin gradient in plant tissue that is necessary for proper plant development. Therefore, the spatial effect of the auxin gradient on plant development is highly important for the understanding of plant auxin responses. Herein we report the design, syntheses and biological properties of esterase‐resistant caged auxins. The conventional caging group, 2‐nitrobenzyl ester, was found to be enzymatically hydrolyzed in plant cells and released original auxin without photolysis. The esterase‐resistant caging group, (2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)(2‐nitrobenzyl) ester, (DMPNB) was designed to improve the stability of caged auxins. Three auxins, indole 3‐acetic acid, naphthalene 1‐acetic acid and 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid were caged with the DMPNB caging group. DMPNB‐caged auxins were inactive within a plant cell until photolysis, but they release auxins with photoirradiation to activate auxin‐responsive gene expression. We demonstrated spatial and temporal control of intracellular auxin levels with photoirradiation by using this caged auxin system and were able to photocontrol the physiological auxin response in Arabidopsis plants. Additionally, the photoirradiation of DMPNB‐caged auxin within a single cell can manipulate the intracellular auxin level and triggers auxin response.
Microwaves in Heterogeneous Gas‐Phase Catalysis: Experimental and Numerical Approaches
Authors: Durka T. , Van Gerven T. , Stankiewicz A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis review paper focuses on the effects of microwave irradiation on heterogeneous gas phase catalytic reaction systems. Both experimental and modeling approaches are discussed. The currently available methods for temperature measurements in the microwave heating of solid particles are critically examined. The existence of microwave‐created temperature gradients in beds of solid particles is discussed. The not fully established mechanism of catalyst (nano)particle heating and imperfect temperature measurement techniques implicate that different effects are often observed and contradictory conclusions are drawn. For further progress here, the development of accurate and possibly non‐invasive techniques for local temperature measurements under microwave irradiation is needed.
Electroactive Linear–Hyperbranched Block Copolymers Based on Linear Poly(ferrocenylsilane)s and Hyperbranched Poly(carbosilane)s
Authors: Wurm Frederik , Hilf Stefan , Frey Holger 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA convenient two‐step protocol is presented for synthesis of linear‐hyperbranched diblock copolymers consisting of a linear, organometallic poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) block and hyperbranched poly(carbosilane) (hbPCS) segments. Linear PFS diblock copolymers were synthesized through photolytic ring‐opening polymerization of dimethyl[1]silaferrocenophane as the first block and methylvinyl[1]silaferrocenophane as the second. These block copolymers served as polyfunctional cores in a subsequent hydrosilylation polyaddition of different silane‐based AB2 monomers. Three AB2 monomers (methyldiallylsilane; methyldiundecenylsilane, and ferrocenyldiallylsilane) were investigated; they introduced structural diversity to the hyperbranched block and showed variable reactivity for the hydrosilylation reaction. In the case with the additional ferrocene moiety in the ferrocenyldiallylsilane monomer, an electroactive hyperbranched block was generated. No slow monomer addition was necessary for molecular‐weight control of the hyperbranching polyaddition, as the core had much higher functionality and reactivity than the carbosilane monomers. Different block ratios were targeted and hybrid block copolymers with narrow polydispersity (<1.2) were obtained. All the resulting polymers were investigated and characterized by size exclusion chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and TEM, and exhibited strongly anisotropic aggregation.
Synthesis of Organoplatinum Poly(dendrimer)s: Pronounced Effect of Size and Geometry of Small Organoplatinum Linkers on the Copolymerization Efficiency with Bifunctional Dendritic Macromonomers
Authors: Cheung Siu‐Yin , Chow Hak‐Fun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe copolymerizations of two series of surface functionalized bis(acetylene) G1–G3 dendrimers, one (S‐Gn) having a structural rigid skeleton and the other (L‐Gn) a relatively more flexible architecture, with two platinum linkers, cis‐[(Et2PCH2CH2PEt2)PtCl2] (2) and [Cl(Et3P)2Pt‐CC‐p‐C6H4‐]2 (3) were investigated. For both series of dendrimers, only linear and/or cyclic oligomers were formed when the cis‐platinum linker 2 was used. However, high molecular weight (100–200 kD) organoplatinum poly(dendrimer)s were obtained from both series when the elongated linear rod‐liked platinum linker 3 was employed and the formation of cyclic oligomers was greatly suppressed for both the structural rigid S‐Gn and the structural flexible L‐Gn series. These results are in sharp contrast to our earlier findings (S.‐Y. Cheung, H.‐F. Chow, T. Ngai, X. Wei, Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15, 2278–2288) obtained by using a shorter linear platinum linker trans‐[Pt(PEt3)2Cl2] (1), where a larger amount of cyclic oligomers was formed from the structural flexible L‐Gn dendrimers. A model was proposed to rationalize how the geometry and size of the platinum linker could control the copolymerization behaviours of these dendritic macromonomers.
Rational Design, Synthesis, and Optical Properties of Film‐Forming, Near‐Infrared Absorbing, and Fluorescent Chromophores with Multidonors and Large Heterocyclic Acceptors
Authors: Luo Min , Shadnia Hooman , Qian Gang , Du Xiaobo , Yu Dengbin , Ma Dongge , Wright James S. , Wang Zhi Yuan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new series of film‐forming, low‐bandgap chromophores (1 a,b and 2 a,b) were rationally designed with aid of a computational study, and then synthesized and characterized. To realize absorption and emission above the 1000 nm wavelength, the molecular design focuses on lowering the LUMO level by fusing common heterocyclic units into a large conjugated core that acts an electron acceptor and increasing the charge transfer by attaching the multiple electron‐donating groups at the appropriate positions of the acceptor core. The chromophores have bandgap levels of 1.27–0.71 eV, and accordingly absorb at 746–1003 nm and emit at 1035–1290 nm in solution. By design, the relatively high molecular weight (up to 2400 g mol−1) and non‐coplanar structure allow these near‐infrared (NIR) chromophores to be readily spin‐coated as uniform thin films and doped with other organic semiconductors for potential device applications. Doping with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester leads to a red shift in the absorption only for 1 a and 2 a. An interesting NIR electrochromism was found for 2 a, with absorption being turned on at 1034 nm when electrochemically switched (at 1000 mV) from its neutral state to a radical cation state. Furthermore, a large Stokes shift (256–318 nm) is also unique for this multidonor–acceptor type of chromophore, indicating a significant structural difference between the ground state and the excited state. Photoluminescence of the film of 2 a was further probed at variable temperatures and the results strongly suggest that the restriction of bond rotations certainly helps to diminish non‐radiative decay and thus enhance the luminescence of these large chromophores.
Hybrid Conjugated Organic Oligomers Consisting of Oligodiacetylene and Thiophene Units: Synthesis and Optical Properties
Authors: Pilzak Gregor S. , van Gruijthuijsen Kitty , van Doorn Reindert H. , van Lagen Barend , Sudhölter Ernst J. R. , Zuilhof Han 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNovel and highly soluble hybrid conjugated organic oligomers consisting of oligodiacetylene and thiophene units have been synthesized in high purity through iterative and divergent approaches based on a sequence of Sonogashira reactions. The series of thiophene‐containing oligodiacetylenes (ThODAs) and homocoupled ThODAs (HThODAs) show—both in solution and in the solid state—a strong optical absorption, which is progressively red shifted with increasing chain length. The linear correlation of the absorption maximum (λAmax) with the inverse of conjugation length (CL=number of double and triple bonds) shows that the effective conjugation length of this system is extended up to at least CL=20. Furthermore, absorption measurements of dropcast thin films display not only a bathochromic shift of the absorption maxima but also a higher wavelength absorption, which is attributed to increased π–π interactions. The wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission (λEmax) also increases with CL, and emission is maximal for oligomers with CL=7–12 (fluorescence quantum yield ΦF=∼0.2). Both longer and shorter oligomers display marginal emission. The calculated Stokes shifts of these planar materials are relatively large (0.4 eV) for all oligomers, and likely due to excitation to the S2 state, thus suggesting that the presence of enyne moieties dominates the ordering of the lowest excited states. The fluorescence lifetimes (τF) are short (τF,max=≪1 ns) and closely follow the tendency obtained for the fluorescence quantum yield. The anisotropy lifetimes show a near‐linear increase with CL, in line with highly rigid oligomers.
Metal‐Catalyzed Cyclization of β‐ and γ‐Allenols Derived from D‐Glyceraldehyde—Synthesis of Enantiopure Dihydropyrans and Tetrahydrooxepines: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , del Campo Teresa Martínez , Soriano Elena , Marco‐Contelles José L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRegiocontrolled metal‐catalyzed preparations of enantiopure dihydropyrans and tetrahydrooxepines have been synthesized starting from β‐ and γ‐allenols derived from D‐glyceraldehyde. The PdII‐catalyzed cyclizative coupling reactions of β‐allenols 1 a and 1 b with allyl bromide effectively afforded enantiopure tetrafunctionalized dihydropyrans through a 6‐endo oxycyclization protocol, whereas the gold‐, platinum‐, and palladium‐mediated heterocyclization of γ‐allenol 2 furnished tetrahydrooxepines 13–16 through regioselective 7‐endo‐trig oxycyclization reactions. Moreover, density functional calculations were performed to predict the regioselectivity of the γ‐allenol cycloetherification to tetrahydrooxepines on the basis of both the tether nature and characteristics of the metals, and to gain an insight into the mechanism of the oxycyclization reactions.
Fullerene Derivatives Functionalized with Diethylamino‐Substituted Conjugated Oligomers: Synthesis and Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Gégout Aline , Nierengarten Jean‐François , Delavaux‐Nicot Béatrice , Duhayon Carine , Saquet Alix , Listorti Andrea , Belbakra Abdelhalim , Chiorboli Claudio , Armaroli Nicola 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDiethylamino‐substituted oligophenylenevinylene (OPV) building blocks have been prepared and used for the synthesis of two [60]fullerene–OPV dyads, F‐D1 and F‐D2, which exhibit different conjugation length of the OPV fragments. The electrochemical properties of these acceptor–donor dyads have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. The first reduction is always assigned to the fullerene moiety and the first oxidation centered on the diethylaniline groups of the OPV rods, thus making these systems suitable candidates for photoinduced electron transfer. Both the OPV and the fullerene‐centered fluorescence bands are quenched in toluene and benzonitrile, which suggests the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer from the amino‐substituted OPVs to the carbon sphere in the dyads in both solvents. By means of bimolecular quenching experiments, transient absorption spectral fingerprints of the radical cationic species are detected in the visible (670 nm) and near‐IR (1300–1500 nm) regions, along with the much weaker fullerene anion band at λmax=1030 nm. Definitive evidence for photoinduced electron transfer in F‐D1 and F‐D2 comes from transient absorption measurements. A charge‐separated state is formed within 100 ps and decays in less than 5 ns.