bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of human skin tissue by millimeter‐wave reflectometry
Authors: Smulders P.F.M. 
Published: June 2012

Background/purposeMillimeter‐wave reflectometry is a potentially interesting technique to analyze the human skin in vivo in order to determine the water content locally in the skin. Purpose of this work is to investigate the possibility of skin‐tissue differentiation. In addition, it addresses the influence of the pressure of the probe on the skin, the influence of an air gap between probe and skin as well as the influence of a bandage between probe and skin.MethodologyReflection coefficients at various positions on the skin are measured in the 40–60 GHz range and the examined effects are quantified in terms of magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient. Also, the possibility to perform tissue differentiation is quantified.ResultsIt is indicated that differentiation of skin tissue can be performed on the basis of the magnitude of the reflection coefficient provided that no air gap exists between probe and skin. The influence of probe pressure can be substantial, in particular for phase measurements. The presence of an air gap between probe and skin reduces the differentiation capability of the considered measurement technique, whereas a bandage between probe and skin did not significantly affect the differentiation power.ConclusionThe results of this work confirm the potential of millimeter‐wave reflectometry for determination of the water content in skin tissue which may lead to interesting applications as early detection of skin cancer and through‐bandage monitoring of wounds.
Infrared observations of the recurrent nova T Pyxidis: ancient dust basks in the warm glow of the 2011 outburst
Authors: Evans A. , Gehrz R. D. , Helton L. A. , Starrfield S. , Bode M. F. , Osborne J. P. , Banerjee D. P. K. , Ness J.-U. , Walter F. M. , Woodward C. E. , Kuulkers E. , Eyres S. P. S. , Oliveira J. M. , Ashok N. M. , Krautter J. , O'Brien T. J. , Page K. L. , Rushton M. T. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We present Spitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Observatory infrared observations of the recurrent nova T Pyx during its 2011 eruption, complemented by ground-base optical-infrared photometry. We find that the eruption has heated dust in the pre-existing nebulosity associated with T Pyx. This is most likely interstellar dust swept up by T Pyx — either during previous eruptions or by a wind — rather than the accumulation of dust produced during eruptions.
Use and success of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies for sleep problems
Authors: Homsey Marianne , O’Connell Kathleen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this web‐based, quantitative, descriptive, correlational study was to identify frequency of use and success of strategies to alleviate sleep problems, to determine whether there is any relationship between use and success (perceived effectiveness) of strategies, on the one hand, and adults’ gender, age, income, or education, on the other.Data sources: Data were collected from a web‐based survey that examined strategy use and success to alleviate insomnia.Conclusions: The most frequently used strategies and those perceived as successful in alleviating sleep problems included medications and sleep hygiene strategies. Users of some strategies differed from nonusers on gender, age, income, and education.Implications for practice: Results from this study can be used to advise patients with sleep problems about choosing strategies to help alleviate those problems to reduce insomnia and to lower the risks of comorbid illness and healthcare costs. This study contributes to the current available findings that focus on determining which strategies are being used to alleviate sleep problems, those perceived as the most successful, and identifying strategy use and success based on demographics.
Timing is everything: When to consult palliative care
Authors: Callaway Carlin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose: Consults promote additional perspectives and help with complex patient management. As the population ages and healthcare demands increase, providers are consulting palliative care (PC). Nurse practitioners (NPs) should understand when to consult PC.Data sources: Information was obtained from an extensive search of the scientific literature to include Pallimed (http://www.pallimed.org/) and the author's clinical experience.Conclusions: Based on the 2009 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality PC developed from the Hospice and PC Coalition, PC should be consulted at diagnosis. These findings have also been validated in a landmark randomized controlled trial by Temel et al. (2010). The goals of PC are to alleviate suffering and promote quality of life for people with illnesses. PC accepts and incorporates hospice philosophies, but is distinct.Implications for practice: Many professional organizations are incorporating PC into their specialties and guidelines. In addition to incorporating PC at diagnosis, PC access needs to be improved. New and experienced NPs may appreciate collaborating with PC specialists. Such conversations and relationships will likely offer practical and supportive guidance to both patients and NPs. Overall, the future for PC is promising.
Factors predicting older adults’ use of exercise and acetaminophen for osteoarthritis pain
Authors: McDonald Deborah Dillon , Molloy Bonnie 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose: To identify predictors of older adults’ use of exercise and/or acetaminophen, and avoidance of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat their osteoarthritis pain.Data sources: Data were analyzed from 457 adults aged 60 and older with moderate or greater osteoarthritis pain intensity who responded to the Brief Pain Inventory between 2006 and 2007. The following predictors were entered into a logistic regression to predict use of exercise and/or acetaminophen and nonuse of NSAIDs: age, gender, ethnicity, race, education, arthritis treatment by a practitioner, pain treatment by a practitioner, pain intensity, functional interference from the pain, and percent of pain relief from current treatments.Conclusions: A total of 213 (46.6%) reported using exercise and/or acetaminophen and did not report using NSAIDs. Older adults reporting arthritis treatment by a practitioner were 2.2 (confidence interval 1.08–4.59) more likely to use recommended arthritis pain treatment, p < .03. Only 3–4% of the variance for use of recommended pain management treatment was explained by the predictors.Implications for practice: Results underscore the importance of guidance by practitioners who are knowledgeable about safe osteoarthritis pain management for older adults.
Should trans fats be regulated?
Authors: SHRAPNEL Bill 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of this paper is to critically assess recent calls for increased regulation to lower the level of trans fats in the Australian diet.Methods:  Key milestones in the elucidation of the effects on trans fats on health were identified and reviewed. Trends in intakes of trans fats in Australia and factors affecting those trends were described and compared with those in Denmark, which has regulated to lower population intake of trans fats.Results:  The scientific evidence demonstrating adverse effects of trans fats on human health is consistent and strong. Australian health authorities were quick to identify the potential risk of trans fats and communicate it to health professionals and the food industry. The response from the margarine industry resulted in large falls in the trans fat content of the Australian diet in the mid‐1990s. A second wave of trans fat reduction across many foods categories has occurred subsequently. Total intake of trans fats in Australia is now low, half the upper limit recommended by the World Health Organization and lower than the intake in Denmark. Trans fats of industrial origin comprise just one‐eighth of 1% of dietary energy. These falls in trans fat intake mirror the large falls that occurred in Denmark prior to regulation.Conclusions:  The case for increased regulation to lower intake of trans fats in Australia cannot be sustained. The trans fat issue stands as a good example of self‐regulation through collaboration between Australian health agencies, the food industry and the government.
A review of the indices and references used to assess overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents
Authors: RALSTON Robin A. , WALKER Karen Z. , TRUBY Helen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  The study aims to undertake a narrative review examining the indices and references used for the assessment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Australia. This review also summarises current international opinion on choice of indices and reference values.Methods:  A systematic search for articles was conducted to examine indices and references used to define overweight and obesity in recent research studies carried out in Australia and published between January 2002 and January 2010.Results:  Three hundred ninety papers were retrieved, of which 86 were reviewed. Body mass index (BMI) is the most common method used to measure overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in Australia. The International Obesity Task Force reference charts defining overweight and obesity for gender and age‐specific BMI are the most widely used. Waist circumference and the waist‐to‐height ratio are indices used to determine central adiposity, but these are not yet in widespread use.Conclusions:  Body mass index‐for‐age and ‐gender is the most common method used in Australia to measure overweight or obesity in children and adolescents and should be used for most future studies. As recommended by the National Health and Medical Research Council, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference charts should be used for children aged 2–18 years. For children aged <2 years, there is a choice between an idealized standard (World Health Organization chart, based on breastfed infants) or a national standard (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention chart, more suitable for formula‐fed infants).
How do mothers juggle the special dietary needs of one child while feeding the family? A qualitative exploration
Authors: CROWLEY Elesa T. , WILLIAMS Lauren T. , BROWN Leanne J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  The study aims to examine the lived experiences of mothers implementing a special diet (cow's milk protein free) for a child under 12 while also continuing to feed their family. The second aim was to examine how these experiences impacted on their decision of whether or not to continue the diet.Methods:  A phenomenological qualitative approach was taken. Semi‐structured telephone interviews were held with mothers of children participating in a six‐week dietary trial. Questions focused on their experiences of administering a special diet and influences on diet continuation after the trial. Interviews were voice recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted using a constant comparative inductive approach with the aid of NVivo7 (QSR International Pty Ltd., Doncaster, Victoria, Australia).Results:  Twenty‐two parents were interviewed. Children participants were aged between 2 and 12 years (mean 6 years). Key themes arising about feasibility of the diet included maternal concern to please the entire family with food, sharing responsibility with the child and development of existing skills in food provision. Specialist medical advice impacted on continuation of the diet beyond the trial.Conclusion:  This is one of only a few studies investigating how the extra burden of meeting the special dietary needs of one child, while feeding the family, is experienced by women. A more complete understanding of the barriers to implementing and sustaining dietary modification may eventually improve nutrition outcomes.
Using formative work to enhance a workplace weight loss maintenance intervention: Balancing what employees want and what they need
Authors: ZINN Caryn , SCHOFIELD Grant 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  This study investigates employees' prior experiences of losing and maintaining weight and their proposed ideas for a workplace‐based weight loss maintenance intervention. Findings were used to inform such an intervention.Methods:  Twenty‐five adults (11 male; 14 female) from two workplaces in Auckland, New Zealand, with attempted weight loss history, participated in focus groups. Data were transcribed and analysed using thematic induction analysis and examined for emergent themes. An existing draft intervention was refined and the concept returned to the same focus group participants from one workplace for informal feedback.Results:  A key common‐gender theme identified was weight regain, with fad/restrictive type diets being cited as usual weight loss methods. Successful female experiences encompassed good social support, while dietary restriction, boredom and personal crises hindered sustainability. Males identified tiredness and a lack of motivation as exercise barriers, plus weekends as challenging times. For an ideal initiative, females favoured flexibility and variety, while males favoured a more prescriptive approach, but were open to any type of regime as long as it resulted in weight loss. Common desires included combining nutrition and exercise, sustainability, and including a support group and weight tracking component.Conclusions:  Males and females had some opposing expectations of the type of regime they needed to achieve sustained weight loss. However they were able to use both positive and negative elements from their prior weight loss experiences to put forward ideas for an intervention which aligned with evidence‐based guidelines for sustained weight loss.
Historical specimens reveal past relationships and current conservation status of populations in a declining species: the regal fritillary butterfly
Authors: KEYGHOBADI NUSHA , KOSCINSKI DARIA , WEINTRAUB JASON D. , FONSECA DINA M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract.  1. The regal fritillary butterfly, Speyeria idalia Drury 1773, was once widespread across eastern North America, but has declined significantly and rapidly over the past half‐century. Although more stable in the western portion of its range, only two populations survive east of the Great Lakes, one in eastern Pennsylvania and the other in Virginia.2. Previous studies have found that the remnant Pennsylvania population is genetically differentiated from populations in the west, and have suggested the designation of separate eastern and western subspecies. However, the historical pattern of genetic variation from which the current distinctness of the Pennsylvania population has arisen was not known, nor was the relationship with the remnant Virginia population.3. We amplified and sequenced two mitochondrial loci (COI/II and ND4) from preserved specimens to infer historical patterns of genetic variation in this species, and we used non‐lethally obtained tissue samples to assess the relationship of the two eastern remnant populations.4. We found very consistent patterns between the two loci. Both had a very shallow haplotype network with few mutations separating most haplotypes. At both loci, we observed distinct groups of haplotypes in the western and far eastern (i.e. New England) portions of the range; a region of transition was centred on Ohio, western Pennsylvania, and the Virginias, where both groups, and intermediate haplotypes, were represented.5. Importantly, the extant Virginia population shared haplotypes with western populations of S. idalia and not with the extant Pennsylvania population. We discuss the implications of this result for the taxonomy and translocations/introductions of the species.
‘Under a Petticoat’: Excess Femininity and Lesbian Desire on the Restoration and Early Eighteenth‐Century British Stage
Authors: GOODE DAWN M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the breeches comedy of the Restoration and early eighteenth century, the cross‐dressed woman's gender transgression and sexual play are happily forgiven, but the femme who desires her comes to signify the deviant nature of women as a whole. Through deploying the traditional anti‐woman triptych of excess femininity – mercenary whore, amoral widow and rebellious wife – the breeches comedy identifies the femme's desire as lesbian. In its effort to control such desire, the Restoration and early eighteenth‐century breeches comedy instead invested all women with its frightening potential, engendering even more restrictive recuperation projects for female sexuality as the century progressed.
Inducible myocardial ischaemia diagnosed using computed tomography dipyridamole stress myocardial perfusion technique
Authors: Jabbour Andrew , Boshell David , Sesel Kenneth , Silverstone Elizabeth , Muller David , Stirrup James , Rubens Michael , Hayward Christopher S , Wright Susan P 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYImproved multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) temporal and spatial resolution allows for the assessment of coronary artery disease, left ventricular systolic function and resting myocardial perfusion defects with high sensitivity and specificity. Here we present a case using a novel combination technique of cardiac computed tomography scanning with dipyridamole stress for the detection of functionally significant coronary disease, and demonstrate that dipyridamole‐induced myocardial ischaemia is both detectable and quantifiable by cardiac MDCT.
The Monahans, Texas, Meteorite
Authors: Nininger H. H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Monahans, Texas, meteorite seems to form a connecting link between the group of the nickel‐rich ataxites and that of the finest octahedrites. It has developed an unusually heavy crust of oxides in which zaratite has been identified. It is thought also to contain diamonds. A chemical analysis, showing 88.30% Fe and 10.88% Ni, by F. G. Hawley, is included.
The Washougal, Washington, Aërolite
Authors: Pruett J. Hugh 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper contains a detailed account of the finding, identification, etc., of the meteorite discovered by Mr. Jerry E. Best on his farm about a mile north of the town of Washougal, Clark County, Washington, on July 3, 1939, the day after the audible Portland, Oregon, meteor appeared. The meteorite, which is about as large as a tennis ball, is covered by a thin, black, glazed crust and is an aërolite of the comparatively rare Howardite variety. This is the first meteorite on record for the State of Washington.
Criteria for Estimating the Population of Meteoritic Showers*
Authors: La Paz Lincoln 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTOne of the unsettled questions in meteoritics relates to the determination of the total number, N, of meteorites falling in such showers as those of Pultusk (Poland), Estherville (Iowa), and Holbrook (Arizona). The value of N has, for obvious reasons, not been determined by counting. Partial and unsystematic counts either have been accepted as giving the true value of N or else have been corrected by arbitrarily assuming that some specified fraction of N escaped enumeration. In the present paper, several simple criteria for estimating the population of a meteoritic shower are derived by use of the theory of probability. The formulas deduced for the determination of N have been tested with satisfactory results on man‐made meteoritic showers. By the use of one of the criteria, it is shown that, for the Holbrook shower, N was almost certainly of the order of 100,000, and hence that the population of the Pultusk shower, which seems to have been a larger one even than Holbrook, probably considerably exceeded this figure. The criteria developed may be employed in many other connections.
Statistical Studies of the Meteoritic Falls of the World: 2. Their Areal Concentration
Authors: Leonard Frederick C. , Slanin Boris 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper is a continuation of the related article in C.S.R.M. for March, 1941. It consists mainly of 3 tables exhibiting the areal concentration of the meteoritic falls of (1) the United States, (2) countries other than the United States, and (3) the continents and the world (1388 falls in all) and a short discussion of the material in each table. Many of the conclusions reached in the present study are in striking contrast to, though they are of course quite in harmony with, those set forth in the earlier paper. Density of population is seen clearly to be a reason for the concentration of known meteoritic falls, while a sixteenth point favoring the recovery of meteorites is recognized and stated.
Contraterrene Meteorites
Authors: La Paz Lincoln 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis note is in reply to the unfounded objections of H. H. Nininger (C.S.R.M., P.A., 49, 215–16, April, 1941) to the writer's paper on contraterrene meteorites (ibid., 99–102, February, 1941; C.S.R.M., 2, No. 4, 244–7, 1941).
Statistical Studies of the Meteorltic Falls of the World: 5. The Observed Sideritic and Siderolitic Falls1
Authors: Leonard Frederick C. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper consists essentially of 3 tables: Table 1, 38 sideritic and siderolitic falls, of which the observation appears to be authentic; Table 2, 18 such falls, whose observation is doubtful or improbable; and Table 3, 7 such falls, so recently reported to have been witnessed as to call for further information, either to confirm or to disprove their reputed observation. The falls, especially those of Table 1, are briefly discussed, and the article ends with a recital of the criteria that may be used to determine whether or not a meteorite—iron or stone—was seen to fall.
On the Classification of Meteorites
Authors: Leonard Frederick C. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe classification of meteorites as a whole is briefly presented and discussed; in particular, it is pointed out that the intermediate or transitional group, now universally known as the siderolites (symbol, So), consists of 2 main subdivisions, namely the “irony stones,” hereinafter termed sideraerolites (Sa), and the “stony irons” or so‐called lithosiderites (Li).
On the Assignment of Co‐ordinate Numbers to Meteoritlc Falls
Authors: Leonard Frederick C. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT AND INTRODUCTIONThe preceding paper by Dr. Lincoln La Paz on “Meteoritical Position Problems raises some interesting questions concerning the assignment of coordinate numbers1 to meteoritic falls. These matters are briefly discussed in the following paragraphs. There is an addendum on the observational determination of the coordinates of a place.
On the Place of Meteorites in the Cosmos
Authors: Leonard Frederick C. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe place of meteorites in the cosmos is exhibited by means of what is called the Inventory of the Universe (Table 1). A Classification of Fallen Meteorites (Mi) (Table 2) is included in the article for convenience of reference. Several fundamental terms are defined and the subject of the paper is commented on briefly.
The Co‐ordinate Numbers and Classification of the Quartz Mountain and Quinn Canyon, Nevada, Siderites
Authors: Leonard Frederick C. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe coördinate numbers and classification of the Quartz Mountain and Quinn Canyon, Nye County, Nevada, siderites are given. Quartz Mountain, which closely resembles a typical Canyon Diablo, Arizona, iron, is apparently a very old fall, while Quinn Canyon is doubtless a much later arrival on the planet.
Some Meteoritic Iron Sulfides
Authors: Buddhue John Davis 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTTwo varieties of iron sulfide from one of the Gibeon (Bethany), Great Namaqualand, South Africa, irons are described and analyses are given. One variety is dark in color, soft, nonmagnetic, and nickel‐free, while the other is lighter‐colored, hard, polishable, strongly magnetic, and exceedingly rich in nickel. An analysis of a mixture of iron sulfide and daubréelite from another of the same group of meteorites also is given. Sulfides from Canyon Diablo, Arizona, and Xiquipilco (Toluca), Mexico State, Mexico, also are described and analyses for these too are given.