bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A generic sampling framework for improving anomaly detection in the next generation network
Authors: Hashim Fazirulhisyam , Jamalipour Abbas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe heterogeneous nature of network traffic in next generation networks (NGNs) may impose scalability issue to traffic monitoring applications. While this issue can be well addressed by existing sampling approaches, owing to their inherent ‘lossy’ characteristic and data reduction principle, traditional sampling techniques suffer from incomplete traffic statistics, which can lead to inaccurate inferences of the network traffic. By focusing on two distinct traffic monitoring applications, namely, anomaly detection and traffic measurement, we highlight the possibility of addressing the accuracy of both applications without having to sacrifice one for the sake of the other. In light of this, we propose a generic sampling framework, which is capable of providing creditable network traffic statistics for accurate anomaly detection in the NGN, while at the same time preserves the principal purpose of sampling (i.e., to sample dominant traffic flows for accurate traffic measurement), and thus addressing the accuracy of both applications concurrently. With the emphasize on the accuracy of anomaly detection and the scalability of monitoring devices, the performance evaluation over real network traces demonstrates the superiority of the proposed framework over traditional sampling techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualizing Resonance Energy Transfer in Supramolecular Surface Patterns of β‐CD‐Functionalized Quantum Dot Hosts and Organic Dye Guests by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Authors: Dorokhin Denis , Hsu Shu‐Han , Tomczak Nikodem , Blum Christian , Subramaniam Vinod , Huskens Jurriaan , Reinhoudt David N. , Velders Aldrik H. , Vancso G. Julius 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDetection of an analyte via supramolecular host–guest binding and quantum dot (QD)‐based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal transduction mechanism is demonstrated. Surface patterns consisting of CdSe/ZnS QDs functionalized at their periphery with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) were obtained by immobilization of the QDs from solution onto glass substrates patterned with adamantyl‐terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimeric “glue.” Subsequent formation of host–guest complexes between vacant β‐CD on the QD surface and an adamantyl‐functionalized lissamine rhodamine resulting in FRET was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, spectroscopy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
Compositional noninterference from first principles
Authors: Morgan Carroll 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

The recently formulated
Shadow Semantics
for noninterference-style security of sequential programs avoids the Refinement Paradox by preserving demonic nondeterminism in those cases where reducing it would compromise security. The construction (originally) of the semantic domain for
The Shadow
, and the interpretation of programs in it, relied heavily on intuition, guesswork and the advice of others. That being so, it is natural after the fact to try to reconstruct an idealised “inevitable” path from first principles to where we actually ended up: not only does one learn (more) about semantic principles by doing so, but the “rational reconstruction” helps to expose the choices made, along the way, and to legitimise the decisions that resolved them. Unlike our other papers on noninterference, this one does not contain a significant case study: instead its aim is to provide the most accessible account we can of the methods we use and why our model, in its details, has turned out the way it has. In passing, it might give some insight into the general role and significance of compositionality and testing-with-context for program semantics. Finally, a technical contribution here is a new “Transfer Principle” that captures uniformly a large class of classical refinements that remain valid when noninterference is taken into account in our style.
Hepatocyte growth factor promotes liver regeneration induced by transfusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells in a murine acute liver failure model
Authors: Jin Shi‐Zhu , Meng Xiang‐Wei , Sun Xun , Han Ming‐Zi , Liu Bing‐Rong , Wang Xin‐Hong , Pei Feng‐Hua 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground/PurposeBone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) transplantation has been shown to facilitate tissue and organ regeneration and repair. BMMC transplantation may be a potential therapy for acute liver failure, and its effect might be further improved. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays an important role in liver cell development, and may ameliorate hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis in animal models. We therefore explored a potential synergistic effect of the co‐application of HGF and BMMCs in liver regeneration following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced acute hepatic injury.MethodsWe established a murine acute liver failure model induced by CCl4 administration, and studied the effect of BMMC transplantation in combination with HGF. We used 4 groups of animals, one group was transfused with PKH26‐labeled BMMCs (5 × 106) and HGF [50 ng/(kg days) × 7 days] (BMMCs + HGF group), one group received BMMCs only, one group received HGF only, and one group received saline solution (0.9% NaCl) alone. The effects were examined by biochemical measurements of liver enzymes and quantitative image analysis for PKH26 labeling, and by determining proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and albumin expression 4 weeks after the BMMC transplantation.ResultsPKH26‐labeled BMMCs were detected in transplanted mouse livers, most of which expressed PCNA. PCNA and albumin expressions were increased significantly in the BMMCs + HGF group compared with the expressions of these parameters in the other 3 groups. Liver function, reflected by serum aminotransferase activity, was also improved in the BMMCs + HGF group relative to that in the other groups.ConclusionsData from the present study appear to suggest that BMMC transplantation combined with HGF administration exhibits a synergistic beneficial effect on improving both functional and histological liver recovery in a mouse model of acute liver failure.
The contribution of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) to a modern synthesis of evolutionary ecology
Authors: Johnson Marc T. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this review, I consider the contribution that common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) has made towards integrating the ecology, evolution and genetics of species interactions.Oenothera bienniswas among the earliest plant models in genetics and cytogenetics and it played an important role in the modern synthesis of evolutionary biology. More recently, population and ecological genetics approaches have provided insight into the patterns of genetic variation within and between populations, and how a combination of abiotic and biotic factors maintain and select on heritable variation withinO. biennispopulations. From an ecological perspective, field experiments show that genetic variation and evolution within populations can have cascading effects throughout communities. Plant genotype affects the preference and performance of individual arthropod populations, as well as the composition, biomass, total abundance and diversity of arthropod species on plants. A combination of experiments and simulation models show that natural selection on specific plant traits can drive rapid ecological changes in these same community variables. At the patch level, increasing genotypic diversity leads to a greater abundance and diversity of omnivorous and predaceous arthropods, which is also associated with increased biomass and fecundity of plants in genetically diverse patches. Finally, in questioning whether a community genetics perspective is needed in biology, I review several multifactorial experiments which show that plant genotype often explains as much variation in community variables as other ecological factors typically identified as most important in ecology. As a whole, research in theO. biennissystem has contributed to a more complete understanding of the dynamic interplay between ecology, evolution and genetics.
Prevalence, Incidence, and Treatments of Dupuytren's Disease in the United States: Results from a Population-Based Study
Authors: DiBenedetti Dana Britt , Nguyen Dat , Zografos Laurie , Ziemiecki Ryan , Zhou Xiaolei 
Published: November 2010

Background This large population-based study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Dupuytren's disease in US adults and describe associated treatment patterns. Methods A total of 23,103 individuals from an Internet-based research panel representative of the US population completed a brief online survey designed to identify individuals with symptoms, diagnoses, and/or treatment experience indicative of Dupuytren's disease (mean age = 50 years). Results The prevalence of Dupuytren's disease defined as a self-reported physician diagnosis and/or surgical treatment was estimated as 1% (95% CI = 0.8–1.2), but the estimated prevalence is much higher (7.3%) when including self-reported symptoms of ropelike growth or hard bumps on the hand. The annual incidence proportion was estimated at about 3 cases per 10,000 adults. A total of 326 participants who reported relevant Dupuytren's symptoms, treatment, and/or diagnosis completed a more in-depth survey focusing on timing of medical treatments after first symptom noticed, description of functional impairment, treatment patterns, and family history. From the second survey, most patients who reported seeking treatment for hand symptoms initially saw a primary care physician, and the mean time from noticing the first hand symptom to seeing a doctor was 23.1 months. At their first doctor visit for hand symptoms, only 9% of patients received a diagnosis of Dupuytren's disease and 48% were advised to “wait and see” or received no treatment. Conclusions Results from the current study indicate a number of unmet medical needs, so strategies to raise physician awareness of disease symptoms and effective treatment options may be helpful.
Two New Eicosanoids with a Unique Isovalerianic Acid Ester Moiety from the South China Sea Gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea
Authors: Wang Chang‐Yun , Zhao Jie , Liu Hai‐Yan , Shao Chang‐Lun , Liu Qing‐Ai , Liu Yang , Gu Yu‐Cheng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo new eicosanoids with a unique isovalerianic acid ester group at C‐12, named dichotellates A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea collected from the South China Sea using bioassay‐guided fractionation. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) NMR as well as high‐resolution ESI‐MS experiments. These two compounds were evaluated for their lethal activity toward brine shrimp Artemia salina and both showed weak activity.
Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Oil and Protein Hydrolysates from Roasted Peanut Seeds
Authors: Zhang Shao Bing , Lu Qi Yu , Yang Hongshun , Li Yu , Wang Shuai 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of the roasting process on the extraction yield and oil quality, peanut seeds were roasted at different temperatures (130–220 °C) for 20 min prior to the aqueous extraction of both oil and protein hydrolysates with Alcalase 2.4 L. Roasting temperatures did not significantly affect the yields of free oil, whereas the temperature of 220 °C led to a reduced recovery of protein hydrolysates. The color and acid values of peanut oils did not change significantly with roasting temperatures. The enzyme‐extracted oil with roasting at 190 °C had a relatively low peroxide value, a strong oxidative stability, and the best flavor score. Using the same seed‐roasting temperature (190 °C), quality attributes such as color, acid and peroxide values, phosphorus content and oxidative stability of the enzyme‐extracted oil were better than those of the oil obtained by an expeller. After the peanut seeds were roasted at 190 °C for 20 min, with a seeds‐to‐water ratio of 1:5, an enzyme concentration of 2%, and an incubation time of 3 h, the yields of free oil and protein hydrolysates were 78.6 and 80.1%, respectively. After demulsification of the residual emulsion by a freezing and thawing method, the total free oil yield increased to 86–90%.
Emergency ultrasound identification of a lung mass
Authors: Chilstrom Mikaela , Stone Michael B. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Introduction
A 49-year-old woman with HIV and remote tobacco use presented with fever and 2 months of progressive dyspnea. A chest radiograph showed a right upper lobe pneumonia and treatment for community-acquired pneumonia was initiated.

Materials and methods
The emergency physician performed a bedside lung ultrasound that suggested a more complicated process and prompted computed tomography of the chest. This revealed a right upper lobe mass and lymphadenopathy consistent with neoplasm which was subsequently confirmed on bronchoscopy.

Conclusions
The role of lung ultrasound in the Emergency Department is reviewed and a new potential application of identifying patients in whom further diagnostic testing may be indicated is described.
α-Lipoic acid has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties: an experimental study in rats with carrageenan-induced acute and cotton pellet-induced chronic inflammations
Authors: Odabasoglu Fehmi , Halici Zekai , Aygun Hayati , Halici Mesut , Atalay Fadime , Cakir Ahmet , Cadirci Elif , Bayir Yasin , Suleyman Halis 
Published: November 2010

α-Lipoic acid (ALA) has been termed the ‘ideal’ antioxidant, a readily absorbed and bioavailable compound capable of scavenging a number of free radicals, and it has been used for treating diseases in which oxidative stress plays a major role. The present study was designed to gain a better understanding for the positive effects of ALA on the models of acute and chronic inflammation in rats, and also determine its anti-oxidative potency. In an acute model, three doses of ALA (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and one dose of indomethacin (25 mg/kg) or diclofenac (25 mg/kg) were administered to rats by oral administration. The paw volumes of the animals were calculated plethysmometrically, and 0·1 ml of 1 % carrageenan (CAR) was injected into the hind paw of each animal 1 h after oral drug administration. The change in paw volume was detected as five replicates every 60 min by plethysmometry. In particular, we investigated the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathioneS-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPx), and the amounts of lipid peroxidation (LPO) or total GSH in the paw tissues of CAR-injected rats. We showed that ALA exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on both acute and chronic inflammations, and a strongly anti-oxidative potency on linoleic acid oxidation. Moreover, the administration of CAR induced oedema in the paws. ALA significantly inhibited the ability of CAR to induce: (1) the degree of acute inflammation, (2) the rise in MPx activity, (3) the increases of GST and iNOS activities and the amount of LPO and (4) the decreases of GPx, GR and SOD activities and the amount of GSH. In conclusion, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of ALA, which has a strong anti-oxidative potency, could be related to its positive effects on the antioxidant system in a variety of tissues in rats.
Is the effect of prior exercise on postprandial lipaemia the same for a moderate-fat meal as it is for a high-fat meal?
Authors: Hurren Nicholas M. , Eves Frank F. , Blannin Andrew K. 
Published: November 2010

Moderate-intensity exercise can lower the TAG response to a high-fat meal; however, the British diet is moderate in fat, and no study to date has compared the effect of such exercise on responses to high-fat and moderate-fat meals. The present work investigated the effect of brisk walking performed 13 h before intake of both high-fat and moderate-fat meals on postprandial plasma TAG concentrations. Eight inactive, overweight men completed four separate 2 d trials, i.e. rest (Con) or a 90-min treadmill walk (Ex) on the evening of day 1, followed by the ingestion of a moderate-fat (Mod) or high-fat (High) meal on the morning of day 2. High-fat meals contained 66 % of total energy as fat, while the percentage was 35 % for moderate-fat meals; both the meals were, however, isoenergetic. On day 2, venous blood was sampled in the fasted state, 30 and 60 min after ingesting the test meal and then hourly until 6 h post-meal. Exercise reduced plasma TAG concentrations significantly (P < 0·001), with no exercise × meal interaction (P = 0·459). Walking reduced the total TAG response to a high-fat meal by 29 % (relative to High Con); the same bout of exercise performed before ingesting a moderate-fat meal lowered total TAG by 26 % (compared with Mod Con). The ability of a single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise bout to lower postprandial TAG concentrations is just as great, in percentage terms, when the test meal ingested is of a moderate rather than a high fat content.
Phosphorus efficiency in a long-term wheat–rice cropping system in China
Authors: TANG X. , SHI X. , MA Y. , HAO X. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYLong-term (over 14 years) experiments on winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)–rice (Oryza sativaL.) crop rotations were conducted in Southwest China to investigate phosphorus (P) fertilizer utilization efficiency, including the partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), internal efficiency (IE), partial P balance (PPB), recovery efficiency (RE) and the mass (input–output) balance. The seven treatments were Control, N, NP, NK, NPK, NPKM and NPKSt, representing various combinations of inorganic fertilizers (N, P and K), manure (M) and the application of rice straw (St). Without P application, the soil could supplyc. 14·7–22·5 kg P/ha annually and produce, on average,c. 1·8 t/ha wheat and 6·0 t/ha rice. Phosphorus fertilization increased crop yields by 65·5 and 11·4% for wheat and rice, respectively, over the 14 years. The PFP values ranged from 80·2 to 177 kg grain/kg P fertilizer for wheat and from 222 to 255 kg/kg for rice in the NPK treatments. However, the mean AE over the 14-year period was 31·9 and 21·3 kg grain/kg inorganic P fertilizer for wheat and rice, respectively. The mean IE was 214 and 318 kg grain/kg P uptake for wheat and rice, respectively, during the cultivation period. The PPB for the whole rotation system over the 14 years ranged from 0·58 to 0·64. However, the mean RE of P fertilizer was 0·26 (varying from 0·22 to 0·29) in the wheat–rice cropping system over the 14-year period. For every 100 kg surplus P/ha per year, the concentration of soil P extracted by 0·5mNaHCO3at pH 8·5 (Olsen-P) would increase by, on average, 4·12 mg/kg in soil. For the wheat–rice cropping system, the current P application rate of 55–65 kg P/ha per year is able to sustain annual yields of about 3 t/ha for wheat and 7 t/ha for rice. This study suggests that, in order to achieve higher crop yields, the P fertilizer utilization efficiency should be considered when making P fertilizer recommendations in wheat–rice cropping systems.
Integrated soil management – moving towards globally sustainable agriculture
Authors: KILLHAM K. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThis review introduces the main concepts behind integrated soil management (ISM) and examines the ways in which it currently operates. It suggests the scope for future technological development. The review also highlights the potential of ISM to address the challenge of meeting the demands of the increasing world population, while maintaining sustainable agro-ecosystems, as judged from long-term soil fertility, environmental and socio-economic perspectives. Changes to policy, governance and funding worldwide will be needed to conserve and manage the soil resource, and to restore already degraded systems. Research should be prioritized to ensure continued delivery of new soil technologies. Such changes must engage all land-use stakeholders, must involve educational, training and extension programmes and must embrace the multidisciplinarity required for effective soil conservation and management.
Family Policy and the Governance of Anti-Social Behaviour in the UK: Women's Experiences of Intensive Family Support
Authors: PARR SADIE 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn seeking to make sense of the role of intensive family support in the governance of anti-social behaviour, this paper focuses analytical attention on one case study project, the Family Support Service. It draws on interview material from five women whose experiences were tracked in repeat interviews over an 18-month period. The Family Support Service entailed intense surveillance and supervision of marginalised populations in domestic private spaces and did, therefore, have controlling and disciplinary qualities, particularly with regard to the families living in ‘core’ residential accommodation. Yet, in spite of this, the Family Support Service also contained a significant social welfare ethos based on finding long-term sustainable solutions to individuals’ problems, not least security of housing and income. This paper argues that while we must confront the worrying and disconcerting aspects of intensive family support, the intervention might be conducive to helping disadvantaged and troubled families access better lives. There is a need for further research, however, about how to achieve less punitive types of family intervention and, therefore, how progressive change for vulnerable families might be generated.
Researching the end-of-life in old age: cultural, ethical and methodological issues
Authors: LLOYD LIZ , WHITE KATE , SUTTON EILEEN 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIncreased life expectancy has strengthened the association between old age and death, with significant implications for gerontology and for the generation of knowledge through research. The global rise in chronic disease has had a significant impact on the duration and shape of dying trajectories in old age and their variations. This development poses ethical and methodological challenges for researchers, not least because it is often difficult to establish whether an older person is ‘dying from’ as opposed to ‘living with’ one or more diseases. This paper reports a comprehensive literature review of empirical research on the end-of-life in old age, and has two inter-related themes. It explores the social and cultural contexts of death and critically analyses the methods and ethical approaches adopted by researchers. Cross-cultural studies and studies in which cultural factors were of prime interest were selected with a view to examining the concept of a ‘good death’ in old age. The paper discusses the evidence of cultural similarities and differences and the impact of social and cultural change on ideas concerning a good death. It identifies contemporary influences and pressures on end-of-life care for older people and discusses the significance of communication and the roles of families and service providers. The paper concludes by identifying substantive and methodological lessons for researchers in gerontology and suggests ways in which the impact of research might be enhanced.