bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buried AGNs and Starbursts in Luminous and Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies
Authors: Leão João Rodrigo S. , Hepp Patrícia , Leitherer Claus 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe present the first results of a Spitzer Space Telescope survey of 28 LIRGs and ULIRGs. We used infrared emission lines to separeate AGN and starburst powered systems. We find strong evidence that the incidence of nuclear activity increases with infrared luminosity.
The Power of Deconvolution for Study of QSO Host Galaxies
Authors: Letawe Géraldine , Letawe Yannick , Magain Pierre 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe major challenge in studying QSO host galaxies is to remove the QSO contribution, which often outshines the whole system. Our group has acquired the technical ability to handle such data, for images and slit spectroscopy, as well as integral field spectroscopy. We review here the major techniques developed by our team, and their latest applications. We are open for collaboration with other teams to spread the use of these powerful techniques.
PRONGS: Powerful Radio Objects Nested in Galaxies with Star Formation
Authors: Mao Minnie Y. , Norris Ray P. , Sharp Rob , Lovell Jim E. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have identified a new class of object that we term PRONGS (powerful radio objects nested in galaxies with star formation). These are powerful radio sources whose optical properties are that of spiral/star-forming galaxies, unlike classic powerful radio sources which are typically hosted by elliptical galaxies in the local Universe. Here we present a first look at these enigmatic sources.
Extended Near-IR Spectra of NGC 1068
Authors: Martins Lucimara , Ardila Alberto , Gruenwald Ruth , de Souza Ronaldo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNGC 1068 is a well-studied Seyfert type 2 AGN. Because of its proximity, it is one of the brightest Seyferts observed. Its nuclear region harbors a variety of astrophysical phenomena connected to physical conditions in the NLR and its emission lines. The relative importance of photoionization from the nucleus and shocks produced by jets has been long debated. To help resolve this controversy, we have carried out long-slit spectroscopy in the near-IR and present here for the first time spectroscopy of the whole range from 0.8 to 2.4 μm for this galaxy over 15″ in the nuclear region.
The Structure of the BLR in 3C 390.3
Authors: Nazarova L. S. , Bochkarev N. G. , Gaskell C. M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractVelocity-dependent flux ratios of the broad Lyα, Civ, Hβ, and Hα lines are used to investigate conditions in the archetypical displaced BLR peak emitter 3C 390.3. Our results suggest that gas producing the the UV emission lines has a lower density than the higher-velocity gas producing broad disk-like profile and is less flattened.
The OPTX Project: Comparing the Optical and X-Ray Spectral Properties of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Trouille Laura , Barger Amy 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUsing a uniformly selected and highly spectroscopically complete sample of Chandra X-ray sources, we show that one cannot use X-ray spectral classifications and optical spectral classifications equivalently. Until a better understanding is reached for how the X-ray and optical classifications relate to the obscuration of the central engine, the use of a mixed classification scheme can only complicate the interpretation of X-ray AGN samples.
On the Relation Between Black Hole Mass and Velocity Dispersion in Type 1 and Type 2 AGN
Authors: Dasyra Kalliopi M. , Peterson Bradley M. , Tacconi Linda J. , Netzer Hagai , Ho Luis C. , Helou George , Armus Lee , Lutz Dieter , Davies Richard , Watson Linda 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe present results from infrared spectroscopic projects that aim to test the relation between the mass of a black hole MBH and the velocity dispersion of the stars in its host-galaxy bulge. We demonstrate that near-infrared, high-resolution spectroscopy assisted by adaptive optics is key in populating the high-luminosity end of the relation. We show that the velocity dispersions of mid-infrared, high-ionization lines originating from gas in the narrow-line region of the active galactic nucleus follow the same relation. This result provides a way of inferring MBH estimates for the cosmologically significant population of obscured, type 2 AGN that can be applicable to data from spectrographs on next-generation infrared telescopes.
Black Hole Masses and Accretion Rates in Nearby AGN
Authors: Lumsden Stuart , Digby-North Jonathan , Jones Olivia , Rogers Hazel , Rushforth Sam , Whittaker Mark 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe present results from a survey of the properties of the central black holes in nearby AGN. This shows that AGN radiating near Eddington are on average less massive now than at z ~ 1.
Simulations of Recoiling Massive Black Holes
Authors: Guedes Javiera , Madau Piero , Mayer Lucio , Kuhlen Michael , Diemand Jürg , Zemp Marcel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe coalescence of black hole binaries is a significant source of gravitational wave radiation. The typically asymmetric nature of this emission, which carries linear momentum, can result in the recoil of the black hole remnant with velocities in the range 100 < Vrecoil < 3750 km s−1. The detectability of recoiling massive black holes (MBH) as off-nuclear QSOs is tightly connected with the properties of the host galaxy, which determine the MBH's orbit and fuel reservoir. We present the results of N-body simulations of recoiling MBHs in high-resolution, non-axisymmetric potentials. We find that if the recoil velocities are high enough to reach regions of the galaxy dominated by the generally triaxial dark matter distribution, the return time is significantly extended when compared to a spherical distribution. We also perform simulations of recoiling MBHs traveling in gas merger remnants, where large amounts of gas have been funneled to the central regions, In this case, the MBHs remain within R<1 kpc from the center of the host even for high recoil velocities (Vrecoil = 1200 km s−1) due to the compactness of the remnant galaxy's nuclear disk. We discuss the implications of both scenarios for detectability.
The Structure of AGNs from X-Ray Absorption Variability
Authors: Risaliti Guido 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe present new evidence of X-ray absorption variability on time scales from a few hours to a few days for several nearby bright AGNs. The observed NH variations imply that the X-ray absorber is made of clouds eclipsing the X-ray source with velocities in excess of 103 km s−1, and densities, sizes and distances from the central black hole typical of BLR clouds. We conclude that the variable X-ray absorption is due to the same clouds emitting the broad emission lines in the optical/UV. We then concentrate on the two highest signal-to-noise spectra of eclipses, discovered in two long observations of NGC 1365 and Mrk 766, and we show that the obscuring clouds have a cometary shape, with a high density head followed by a tail with decreasing NH. Our results show that X-ray time resolved spectroscopy can be a powerful way to directly measure the physical and geometrical properties of BLR clouds.
Gravitating Disks Around Black Holes
Authors: Karas Vladimír , Šubr Ladislav 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFluid disks and tori around black holes are discussed within different approaches and with the emphasis on the role of disk gravity. We first review the prospects for investigating the gravitational field of a black hole–disk system by analytical solutions of stationary, axially symmetric Einstein equations. More detailed considerations are focused on the middle and outer parts of extended disk-like configurations where relativistic effects are small and the Newtonian description is adequate. As an example, we investigate the case of a torus near a massive black hole that is a member of the black-hole binary system.
Low-Mass AGN at High Accretion Rates
Authors: Xu Dawei , Komossa S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGalaxies with low-mass black holes and high accretion rates, i.e., narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies, are important objects when addressing the issues of black hole growth and evolution, and of feeding and feedback. We have studied a sample of such objects, and find (1) that the locus of NLS1 galaxies on the MBH–σ plane appears to follow the relation of non-active galaxies after removing objects obviously dominated by outflows, (2) the presence of “blue outliers” that hint at extreme outflows as predicted by recent merger models, and (3) more subtle evidence for winds/outflows across the whole NLS1 population.
Cosmic Feedback from AGN
Authors: Fabian A. C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAccretion onto the massive black hole at the centre of a galaxy can feed energy and momentum into its surroundings via radiation, winds, and jets. Feedback due to radiation pressure can lock the mass of the black hole onto the MBH–σ relation, and shape the final stellar bulge of the galaxy. Feedback due to the kinetic power of jets can prevent massive galaxies greatly increasing their stellar mass by heating gas, which would otherwise cool radiatively. The mechanisms involved in cosmic feedback are discussed and illustrated with observations.
The Impact of BAL Outflows on Cosmological Structure Formation
Authors: Arav Nahum 
Published: June 2010

AbstractQuasar feedback has been invoked as a major mechanism for influencing large-scale cosmological structure. To quantify to what extent they affect the real universe, one needs to measure the mechanical energy output of quasars and assess the ability of this energy to produce the feedback. We have developed an observational/modeling program that has yielded the first reliable kinetic luminosity determinations of quasar broad absorption line (BAL) outflows, and have demonstrated that energetically they are indeed a major contributor to AGN feedback.
Velocity Offsets Due to Mass Outflows in Active Galaxies
Authors: Crenshaw D. M. , Kraemer S. B. , Schmitt H. R. , Mushotzky R. F. , Dunn J. P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe present a study of the radial velocity offsets between AGN-related narrow emission lines and host-galaxy emission and absorption lines in Seyfert galaxies with observed redshifts less than 0.043. We find that 35% of the Seyferts in the sample show [O iii] emission lines with blueshifts with respect to their host galaxies exceeding 50 km s−1, whereas only 6% show redshifts this large, in qualitative agreement with most previous studies. We also find that a greater percentage of Seyfert 1 galaxies show blueshifts than Seyfert 2 galaxies. Using HST/STIS spatially-resolved spectra of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 and the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, we generate geometric models of their narrow-line regions (NLRs) and inner galactic disks and show how these models can explain the blueshifted [O iii] emission lines in collapsed STIS spectra of these two Seyferts. We conclude that the combination of mass outflow of ionized gas in the NLR and extinction by dust in the inner disk (primarily in the form of dust spirals) is primarily responsible for the velocity offsets in Seyfert galaxies.
Complex X-Ray Spectral Variability in Mini-BAL QSOs
Authors: Giustini Margherita , Cappi Massimo , Chartas George , Eracleous Michael , Palumbo Giorgio G. C. , Vignali Cristian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMultiple XMM–Newton observations of the mini-BAL QSOs PG 1351+640 and PG 1126–041 revealed dramatic and complex spectral variability on different timescales, providing clues about the physical mechanism responsible for outflows in quasars.
New Results on Quasar Outflows
Authors: Hamann Fred , Kanekar Nissem , Prochaska Jason X. , Murphy Michael T. , Milutinovic Nikola , Ellison Sara , Ubachs Wim , Ferland Gary 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAccretion disk outflows are an important part of the quasar phenomenon. They might play a major role in distributing metals to the galactic surroundings, halting growth of the central black hole and providing kinetic energy “feedback” to regulate star formation in the host galaxies. Some models of galaxy evolution indicate that feedback requires kinetic energy luminosities, LK, that are ~5% of the quasar bolometric; LK/L = Ṁwν2/2η:Ṁaccc2 ~ 5% is possible if Ṁw ~ Ṁacc (with ν~ 0.1c, and η ~ 0.1). Here we describe results from two studies designed to test the theoretical energetics of radiatively driven outflows and derive observational constraints on the outflow geometry and physical properties emphasizing weaker outflow features like NALs and mini-BALs.
Black Hole Feeding and Feedback in the Context of Galaxy Formation
Authors: Somerville Rachel S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractI describe ways in which state-of-the-art cosmological simulations are modeling the growth and evolution of supermassive black holes (feeding), and the impact of the energy that they release on galaxies and their surroundings (feedback). I then discuss how this new picture of interconnected co-evolution of galaxies and black holes provides plausible explanations for several of the mysteries that have long vexed theorists studying galaxy formation within the hierarchical cold dark matter paradigm.
Electromagnetic Signatures of Recoiling Black Holes
Authors: Komossa S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRecent numerical relativity simulations predict that coalescing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can receive kick velocities up to several thousands of kilometers per second due to anisotropic emission of gravitational waves, leading to long-lived oscillations of the SMBHs in galaxy cores and even SMBH ejections from their host galaxies. Observationally, accreting recoiling SMBHs would appear as quasars spatially and/or kinematically offset from their host galaxies. The presence of these “kicks” and “superkicks” has a wide range of exciting astrophysical implications which only now are beginning to be explored, including consequences for black hole and galaxy growth at the epoch of structure formation, modes of feedback, unified models of AGN, and the number of obscured AGN. SMBH recoil oscillations beyond the torus scale can be on the order of a quasar lifetime, thus potentially affecting a large fraction of the quasar population. We discuss how this might explain the long-standing puzzle of a deficiency of obscured type 2 quasars at high luminosities. Observational signatures of recoiling SMBHs are discussed and results from follow-up studies of the candidate recoiling SMBH SDSSJ0927+2943 are presented.
Development of the Red Sequence in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Jiménez Noelia , Cora Sofía A. , Smith Castelli Analía , Bassino Lilia P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe investigate the origin of the color-magnitude relation (CMR) observed in cluster galaxies by using a combination of a cosmological N-body simulation of a cluster of galaxies and a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. The departure of galaxies in the bright end of the CMR with respect to the trend defined by less luminous galaxies could be explained by the influence of minor mergers.
Study on reaction mechanism of dehydrogenation of magnesium hydride by in situ transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Isobe Shigehito , Ono Akifumi , Yao Hao , Wang Yongming , Hashimoto Naoyuki , Ohnuki Somei 
Published: June 2010

In situ observation on dehydrogenation of MgH2 was performed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The dehydrogenation of MgH2 with 1 mol % Nb2O5 and formation of nanosized Mg particles were observed at 150 °C. Nb2O5 was not confirmed in diffraction patterns and TEM images probably due to wide dispersion. On MgH2 with 10 mol % Nb2O5, the high resolution TEM could recognize the dehydrogenation at the interface between MgH2 and Nb2O5, proceeding with increasing temperature. This suggests that hydrogen atoms could diffuse from MgH2 phase to the interface between Mg and Nb2O5, resulting in formation of hydrogen molecules at the interface.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 27 June 2017.
Reflection anisotropy spectra of polydimethylsiloxane under a range of mechanically applied stress
Authors: Farrell T , Smith C I , Schofield A L , Williams R L , Weightman P 
Published: June 2010

Reflection anisotropy spectra of transparent elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have been determined over the spectral range 1.5 to 5.0 eV for a range of tensile loads. Using a slight wedge shaped sample the spectra from the incident air/PDMS surface are shown to be weak and largely featureless at all loads. By contrast the spectra from the light transmitted through the sample and reflected at the other interface are large in magnitude and exhibit features which arise from the small stress birefringence of PDMS.
The birefringent dominated spectra can readily be simulated using expressions derived from a Stokes–Mueller treatment of the optical system and this enabled the stress-optical coefficient to be determined at any energy within the spectral range covered. It is shown that there is a small angle between the optical axes and the mechanical axes in the sample and that this is consistent with the model of an elastomer which comprises a network of soft linear chains cross linked with stiff bridges.
Heart failure and COPD: Partners in crime?
Authors: HANNINK Jorien D.C. , Van HELVOORT Hanneke A.C. , DEKHUIJZEN P.N. Richard , HEIJDRA Yvonne F. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) are both common diseases with major impact and seem to coexist more frequently than expected from their separate population prevalences. However, estimates of combined prevalence must be interpreted carefully because of imperfections and difficulties in assessment of both diseases. This review aims to highlight HF prevalence in patients with COPD and vice versa, with a critical analysis of studies performed. First, definition, diagnosis, and prevalence of COPD and of HF will be discussed. Subsequently, an overview of important studies concerning combined prevalence with their limitations will be presented. Finally, pathogenic mechanisms and diagnostic considerations in clinical practice will be discussed.
Spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of high‐elevation forest stands in southern Siberia
Authors: Kharuk Vyacheslav I. , Ranson Kenneth J. , Im Sergey T. , Vdovin Alexander S. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAim  To evaluate the hypothesis that topographic features of high‐elevation mountain environments govern spatial distribution and climate‐driven dynamics of the forest.Location  Upper mountain forest stands (elevation range 1800–2600 m) in the mountains of southern Siberia.Methods  Archive maps, satellite and on‐ground data from1960 to 2002 were used. Data were normalized to avoid bias caused by uneven distribution of topographic features (elevation, azimuth and slope steepness) within the analysed area. Spatial distribution of forest stands was analysed with respect to topography based on a digital elevation model (DEM).Results  Spatial patterns in mountain forests are anisotropic with respect to azimuth, slope steepness and elevation. At a given elevation, the majority of forests occupied slopes with greater than mean slope values. As the elevation increased, forests shifted to steeper slopes. The orientation of forest azimuth distribution changed clockwise with increase in elevation (the total shift was 120°), indicating a combined effect of wind and water stress on the observed forest patterns. Warming caused changes in the forest distribution patterns during the last four decades. The area of closed forests increased 1.5 times, which was attributed to increased stand density and tree migration. The migration rate was 1.5 ± 0.9 m year–1, causing a mean forest line shift of 63 ± 37 m. Along with upward migration, downward tree migration onto hill slopes was observed. Changes in tree morphology were also noted as widespread transformation of the prostrate forms of Siberian pine and larch into erect forms.Main conclusions  The spatial pattern of upper mountain forests as well as the response of forests to warming strongly depends on topographic relief features (elevation, azimuth and slope steepness). With elevation increase (and thus a harsher environment) forests shifted to steep wind‐protected slopes. A considerable increase in the stand area and increased elevation of the upper forest line was observed coincident with the climate warming that was observed. Warming promotes migration of trees to areas that are less protected from winter desiccation and snow abrasion (i.e. areas with lower values of slope steepness). Climate‐induced forest response has significantly modified the spatial patterns of high‐elevation forests in southern Siberia during the last four decades, as well as tree morphology.
Up to D[eb]ate on Raising and Control Part 2: The Empirical Range of the Constructions and Research on their Acquisition
Authors: Kirby Susannah , Davies William D. , Dubinsky Stanley 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis is the second part of a two‐part article that reviews a number of the current debates regarding raising and control constructions. The issues addressed in this part include the spectrum of related raising (e.g. possessor raising, further raising) and control (partial, split, generic, super‐equi) phenomena; cross‐linguistic typology, including backward and copy constructions; and their acquisition in child language.
Sociolinguistics and Perception
Authors: Campbell‐Kibler Kathryn 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe social perception and evaluation of language are key elements in sociolinguistic phenomena. While perceptual studies have long played a role in the study of linguistic variation, they have not enjoyed central status, in contrast to their widespread use in the field of language attitudes. Recently, however, interest in the perceptual study of variation has grown. Three threads of research on sociolinguistic perception are discussed: the social and affective evaluation of language, the identification of social information from speech and the influence of social information on linguistic comprehension. Finally, methodological and theoretical developments within the field of variation are explored that place perceptual studies at the heart of the variationist enterprise.