bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular flexibility and strength in first‐episode schizophrenia patients: use of a standardized fitness assessment
Authors: Gretchen‐Doorly Denise , Kite Robin E. , Subotnik Kenneth L. , Detore Nicole R. , Ventura Joseph , Kurtz Andrew S. , Nuechterlein Keith H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim: This study determined the fitness status and examined potential correlates of fitness in first‐episode schizophrenia patients using a standardized fitness test protocol.Methods: A certified fitness instructor administered the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) fitness test to 70 recent‐onset schizophrenia participants within 3 months of entry into the study.Results: Percentile ranks of scores on muscular strength and endurance, muscular flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness in our sample were all below the 50th percentile when compared with national norms in the United States. As expected, patients with a higher body mass index and those who smoked had poorer cardiorespiratory fitness. A non‐significant trend indicated that patients with a longer duration of illness had worse cardiorespiratory fitness. Exposure to antipsychotic medication was unrelated to cardiorespiratory fitness.Conclusion: Results suggest that physical fitness is impaired and might decline over time in first‐episode schizophrenia patients, but this needs to be confirmed in a longitudinal study.
Metabolic Acidosis in Neonatal Calf Diarrhea—Clinical Findings and Theoretical Assessment of a Simple Treatment Protocol
Authors: Trefz F.M. , Lorch A. , Feist M. , Sauter‐Louis C. , Lorenz I. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundClinical assessment of metabolic acidosis in calves with neonatal diarrhea can be difficult because increased blood concentrations ofd‐lactate and not acidemia per se are responsible for most of the clinical signs exhibited by these animals.ObjectivesTo describe the correlation between clinical and laboratory findings andd‐lactate concentrations. Furthermore, the theoretical outcome of a simplified treatment protocol based on posture/ability to stand and degree of dehydration was evaluated.AnimalsA total of 121 calves with diagnosis of neonatal diarrhea admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital during an 8‐month study period.MethodsProspective blinded cohort study. Physical examinations were carried out following a standardized protocol. Theoretical outcome of treatment was calculated.ResultsType and degree of metabolic acidosis were age dependent. The clinical parameters posture, behavior, and palpebral reflex were closely correlated to base excess (r = 0.74, 0.78, 0.68;P < .001) andd‐lactate concentrations (r = 0.59, 0.59, 0.71;P < .001), respectively. Thus, determining the degree of loss of the palpebral reflex was identified as the best clinical tool for diagnosing increase in serumd‐lactate concentrations. Theoretical outcome of treatment revealed that the tested dosages of sodium bicarbonate are more likely to overdose than to underdose calves with diarrhea and metabolic acidosis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe degree of metabolic acidosis in diarrheic calves can be predicted based on clinical findings. The assessed protocol provides a useful tool to determine bicarbonate requirements, but a revision is necessary for calves with ability to stand and marked metabolic acidosis.
“Lights on at the end of the party”: Are lads’ mags mainstreaming dangerous sexism?
Authors: Horvath Miranda A. H. , Hegarty Peter , Tyler Suzannah , Mansfield Sophie 
Published: December 2011

Research has suggested that some magazines targeted at young men –lads’ mags– are normalizing extreme sexist views by presenting those views in a mainstream context. Consistent with this view, young men in Study 1 (n = 90) identified more with derogatory quotes about women drawn from recent lads’ mags, and from interviews with convicted rapists, when those quotes were attributed to lads’ mags, than when they were attributed to convicted rapists. In Study 2, 40 young women and men could not reliably judge the source of those same quotes. While these participants sometimes voiced the belief that the content of lads’ mags was ‘normal’ while rapists’ talk was ‘extreme’, they categorized quotes from both sources as derogatory with equal frequency. Jointly, the two studies show an overlap in the content of convicted rapists’ talk and the contents of contemporary lads’ mags, and suggest that the framing of such content within lads’ mags may normalize it for young men.
Provision of service and training for small bowel endoscopy in the UK
Authors: McAlindon Mark E , Parker Clare E , Hendy Philip , Mosea Haider , Panter Simon , Davison Carolyn , Fraser Chris , Despott Edward J , Sidhu Reena , Sanders David S , Makins Richard 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveTo determine the location and use of small bowel endoscopy services in the UK and to analyse training uptake to assess future demand and shape discussions about training and service delivery.DesignSurveys of British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) members by web-based and personal contact were conducted to ascertain capsule endoscopy practice and numbers of procedures performed. This was compared with expected numbers of procedures calculated using BSG guidelines, hospital episode statistics and published data of capsule endoscopy in routine practice. Analysis of data from two national training courses provided information about training.Results45% of UK gastroenterology services offered in-house capsule endoscopy. 91.3% of survey responders referred patients for capsule endoscopy; 67.7% felt that local availability would increase referrals. Suspected small bowel bleeding and Crohn's disease were considered appropriate indications by the majority. Demand is increasing in spite of restricted use in 21.6% of centres. Only two regions performed more than the minimum estimate of need of 45 procedures per 250 000 population. Eight centres perform regular device-assisted enteroscopy; 14 services are in development. 74% of trainees were interested in training and of those training in image interpretation, 67% are doctors and 28% are nurses.ConclusionsCapsule endoscopy is used by the majority of UK gastroenterologists but appears to be underused. Current demand for device-assisted enteroscopy seems likely to be matched if new services become established. Future demand is likely to increase, however, suggesting the need to formalise training and accreditation for both doctors and nurses.
Comparison of dacron and nylon-flocked self-collected vaginal swabs and urine for the detection ofTrichomonas vaginalisusing analyte-specific reagents in a transcription-mediated amplification assay: Table 1
Authors: Jang Dan , Gilchrist Jodi , Portillo Eder , Smieja Marek , Toor Ramandeep , Chernesky Max 
Published: December 2011

ObjectivesTo compare self-collected vaginal swab (SCVS) types and first-catch urine (FCU) to diagnoseTrichomonas vaginalisusing analyte-specific reagents designed to be used in a transcription-mediated amplification assay.MethodsA total of 241 women (group A) collected a FCU and a SCVS using a dacron swab (APTIMA collection kit). A second group of 289 women (group B) collected two SCVS using one dacron swab and one nylon-flocked swab.ResultsOf 75 young women (street youth) determined to be infected withT vaginalisonly seven reported symptoms of vaginal discharge or irritation. Using a cutoff of 50 000 relative light units, the sensitivity and specificity was 97.2% and 97.6%, respectively for dacron SCVS compared with 41.7% and 100% for FCU in group A; 92.3% and 98.8% for dacron SCVS and 92.3% and 99.2% for flocked-nylon SCVS in group B. The assay tested 96 samples in 6 h.ConclusionsDacron and nylon-flocked SCVS performed equally well and significantly better than FCU using analyte-specific reagents in the APTIMA transcription-mediated amplification assay. Either swab type could be used for self-collection.
Omental Adipose Tissue–Derived Stromal Cells Promote Vascularization and Growth of Endometrial Tumors
Authors: Klopp Ann H. , Zhang Yan , Solley Travis , Amaya-Manzanares Felipe , Marini Frank , Andreeff Michael , Debeb Bisrat , Woodward Wendy , Schmandt Rosemarie , Broaddus Russell , Lu Karen , Kolonin Mikhail G. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Adipose tissue contains a population of tumor-tropic mesenchymal progenitors, termed adipose stromal cells (ASC), which engraft in neighboring tumors to form supportive tumor stroma. We hypothesized that intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue may contain a uniquely tumor-promoting population of ASC to account for the relationship between excess visceral adipose tissue and mortality of intra-abdominal cancers.
Experimental Design: To investigate this, we isolated and characterized ASC from intra-abdominal omental adipose tissue (O-ASC) and characterized their effects on endometrial cancer progression as compared with subcutaneous adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (SC-ASC), bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC), and lung fibroblasts. To model chronic recruitment of ASC by tumors, cells were injected metronomically into mice bearing Hec1a xenografts.
Results: O-ASC expressed cell surface markers characteristic of BM-MSC and differentiated into mesenchymal lineages. Coculture with O-ASC increased endometrial cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Tumor tropism of O-ASC and SC-ASC for human Hec1a endometrial tumor xenografts was comparable, but O-ASC more potently promoted tumor growth. Compared with tumors in SC-ASC–injected mice, tumors in O-ASC–injected mice contained higher numbers of large tortuous desmin-positive blood vessels, which correlated with decreased central tumor necrosis and increased tumor cell proliferation. O-ASC exhibited enhanced motility as compared with SC-ASC in response to Hec1a-secreted factors.
Conclusions: Visceral adipose tissue contains a population of multipotent MSCs that promote endometrial tumor growth more potently than MSCs from subcutaneous adipose tissue. We propose that O-ASCs recruited to tumors express specific factors that enhance tumor vascularization, promoting survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Clin Cancer Res; 18(3); 771–82. ©2011 AACR.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastatic to the Brain
Authors: Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Spicer James 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Brain metastases are a common and devastating consequence of disease progression in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib have shown efficacy in patients with NSCLC and brain metastases. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exposure to these drugs is a small fraction of the plasma levels achieved with standard doses, but disruption of the blood–brain barrier in the presence of central nervous system metastases is likely to lead to locally increased drug concentration, and dose escalation to boost CSF exposure has documented clinical efficacy. The use of gefitinib and erlotinib in this setting is reviewed here, including evidence from case reports, case series, and single-arm phase II trials. High response rates in the brain are seen in patients with EGFR mutation, or in populations in which this genotype is expected. By contrast, activity in the context of documented wild-type EGFR in disease metastatic to the brain is not common. These drugs may potentiate the effectiveness of radiotherapy to the brain, and their use may also delay development of disease within the brain. Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 938–44. ©2011 AACR.
Urinary Prostaglandin E2 Metabolite and Risk for Colorectal Adenoma
Authors: Shrubsole Martha J. , Cai Qiuyin , Wen Wanqing , Milne Ginger , Smalley Walter E. , Chen Zhi , Ness Reid M. , Zheng Wei 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
COX-2 is upregulated in most colorectal cancers. Most of the COX-2 tumor–inducing effects are believed to be mediated through overproduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which can be measured using a urinary metabolite of PGE2, PGE-M. Urinary PGE-M was assessed in a case–control study of colorectal adenoma. Included in the analysis were 224 cases with at least one advanced adenoma, 152 cases with multiple small tubular adenomas, 300 cases with only a single small tubular adenoma, and 364 polyp-free controls. There were no statistical differences in PGE-M levels between controls and cases with a single small tubular adenoma. However, cases with either an advanced adenoma or multiple small tubular adenomas had more than 25% higher levels of PGE-M than controls. Participants with the highest quartile level of PGE-M were approximately 2.5-fold more likely to have advanced or multiple small tubular adenoma in comparison with those with the lowest level of PGE-M [OR = 2.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.54–4.14; Ptrend &lt; 0.001]. The association was strongest among women. PGE-M level was associated with increased risk for multiple or advanced adenoma but not single small adenoma. Our study suggests that PGE-M may be a useful risk marker for assessing the risk of harboring clinically more important versus less important colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res; 5(2); 336–42. ©2011 AACR.
Genomic Investigation of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Suggests a Role for Therapeutic Targeting of the Tumor Epigenome
Authors: Meltzer Paul S. , Helman Lee J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A comprehensive genetic analysis of dedifferentiated liposarcomas suggests that epigenetic modifications are common and may alter the differentiation capacity in these tumors. Furthermore, these data suggest that treatment strategies aimed at altering histone acetylation and/or DNA methylation are worthy of further study. Cancer Discovery; 1(7); 555–6. ©2011 AACR.
Commentary on Taylor et al., p. 587.
CRKL as a Lung Cancer Oncogene and Mediator of Acquired Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors: Is It All That It Is Cracked Up to Be?
Authors: Ladanyi Marc 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Cheung and colleagues demonstrate that amplified CRKL can function as a driver oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma, activating both RAS and RAP1 to induce mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In addition, they show that CRKL amplification may be another mechanism for primary or acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors. Cancer Discovery; 1(7); 560–1. ©2011 AACR.
Commentary on Cheung et al., p. 608.
Is Worsening Renal Function an Ominous Prognostic Sign in Patients With Acute Heart Failure?
Authors: Metra Marco , Davison Beth , Bettari Luca , Sun Hengrui , Edwards Christopher , Lazzarini Valentina , Piovanelli Barbara , Carubelli Valentina , Bugatti Silvia , Lombardi Carlo , Cotter Gad , Dei Cas Livio 
Published: December 2011

Background—
Worsening renal function (WRF), traditionally defined as an increase in serum creatinine levels ≥0.3 mg/dL, is a frequent finding in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and has been associated with poorer outcomes in some but not all studies. We hypothesized that these discrepancies may be caused by the interaction between WRF and congestion in AHF patients.

Methods and Results—
We measured serum creatinine levels on a daily basis during the hospitalization and assessed the persistence of signs of congestion at discharge in 599 consecutive patients admitted at our institute for AHF. They had a postdischarge mortality and mortality or AHF readmission rates of 13% and 43%, respectively, after 1 year. Patients were subdivided into 4 groups according to the development or not of WRF and the persistence of ≥1 sign of congestion at discharge. Patients with WRF and no congestion had similar outcomes compared with those with no WRF and no congestion, whereas the risk of death or of death or AHF readmission was increased in the patients with persistent congestion alone and in those with both WRF and congestion (hazard ratio, 5.35; 95% confidence interval, 3.0–9.55 at univariable analysis; hazard ratio, 2.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–4.18 at multivariable analysis for mortality; hazard ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–3.3 at univariable analysis; and hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.88–2.2 at multivariable analysis for mortality and rehospitalizations).

Conclusions—
WRF alone, when detected using serial serum creatinine measurements, is not an independent determinant of outcomes in patients with AHF. It has an additive prognostic value when it occurs in patients with persistent signs of congestion.
Pharyngeal Stasis of Secretions in Patients with Zenker Diverticulum
Authors: Ongkasuwan Julina , Yung Katherine C. , Courey Mark S. 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveTo determine whether patients with Zenker diverticulum are more likely to have stasis of secretions in the left piriform sinus, on in‐office endoscopy, than patients with nonspecific dysphagia.Study DesignA case–control study.SettingA subspecialty swallowing clinic.Subjects and MethodsAll patients with radiographically confirmed Zenker diverticulum who were evaluated over a 5‐year period were selected. A control group with dysphagia due to radiographically confirmed esophageal dysmotility, prominent cricopharyngeal bar, or stricture was identified. Two blinded laryngologists reviewed the recorded laryngopharyngoscopies.ResultsThirty‐four patients with Zenker diverticulum were identified; 11 were excluded because of previous surgery or other neurological conditions. Twelve (52.17%) of the remaining 23 Zenker diverticulum patients and 2 of the 73 (2.74%) control patients had greater pooling in the left versus right piriform sinus (2‐tailed t test, P <. 0001). The sensitivity of this physical examination finding in identifying patients with Zenker diverticulum was 52.17% (95% confidence interval, 31.08%‐72.58%) and specificity was 97.26% (95% confidence interval, 89.56‐99.52%). Patients with Zenker diverticulum less than 4 cm in size had increased pooling in the left versus right piriform compared with larger diverticulums. After surgical intervention, there was a statistically significant decrease in the asymmetrical pooling (2‐tailed t test, P =. 0067).ConclusionIncreased pooling in the left compared with the right piriform, on in‐office endoscopy, is predictive of the presence of a Zenker diverticulum. This information can sharpen clinical acumen in evaluating patients with dysphagia. In turn, it will help the clinician counsel the patient regarding diagnosis and radiographic imaging.
Free Flap Reconstruction of Lateral Mandibular Defects
Authors: Dean Nichole R. , Wax Mark K. , Virgin Frank W. , Magnuson J. Scott , Carroll William R. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveTo compare outcomes following osteocutaneous radial forearm and fibula free flap reconstruction of lateral mandibular defects.Study DesignRetrospective case‐controlled study.SettingHistorical cohort study.Subjects and MethodsAll patients who underwent free flap reconstruction of lateral mandibular defects from 1999 to 2010 were included in this study. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on type of reconstruction: (1) osteocutaneous radial forearm (n = 73) and (2) fibula free flap reconstruction (n = 51). Patient characteristics, length of hospital stay, recipient and donor site complications, and long‐term outcomes including postoperative diet were evaluated.ResultsMost patients were male (68%) and presented with advanced T‐stage (71%) squamous cell carcinoma (94%) involving the alveolus (21%), retromolar trigone (23%), or oral tongue (21%). Median length of hospital stay was 8 days (range, 4‐22 days). The recipient site complication rate approached 27% and included infection (n = 11), mandibular malunion (n = 9), exposed bone or mandibular plates (n = 9), and flap failure (n = 5). Most patients demonstrated little to no trismus following reconstruction (94%) and were able to resume a regular or edentulous diet (73%). No difference in complication rates or postoperative outcomes was seen between osteocutaneous radial forearm and fibula free flap groups (P >. 05). One patient underwent dental implantation following osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap reconstruction. No patients from the fibula free flap group underwent dental implantation.ConclusionThe osteocutaneous radial forearm and fibula free flap provide equivalent wound healing and functional outcomes in patients undergoing lateral mandibular defect reconstruction.
Demographic Influences on Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Sidell Douglas , Shapiro Nina L. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiologic antibiotic treatment patterns and the potential impact of race and insurance status on the medical management of acute otitis media (AOM).Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a national database.SettingNational ambulatory care setting.MethodsCases of isolated AOM in children ≤16.0 years were extracted from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2006‐2008). The frequency and type of antibiotic prescribed were extracted. A multivariate logistic regression model incorporating age, sex, race, ethnicity, and insurance type was used to determine the influence of these demographic variables on antibiotic prescribing patterns.ResultsA total of 15.8 ± 1.5 million cases of AOM were studied (mean age, 3.6 ± 0.3 years; 55.1% ± 2.9% male). Of the children, 15.0% ± 2.8% were Hispanic and 10.4% ± 3.1% were black. Medicaid/State Children’s Health Insurance Program and private insurance covered 30.6% ± 4.4% and 69.4% ± 4.4% of children, respectively. Overall, 83.1% ± 2.2% of children received an antibiotic prescription. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin (6.5 ± 0.9 million), beta‐lactamase inhibitors (2.6 ± 0.4 million), and third‐generation cephalosporins (2.3 ± 0.4 million prescriptions). On multivariate analysis, insurance status, ethnicity, race, age, and sex did not influence the likelihood of an antibiotic being prescribed during the visit (P =. 884,. 909,. 849,. 102, and. 931 respectively).ConclusionsMost children receiving medical treatment for AOM receive an antibiotic prescription during their visit. Ethnicity, race, and insurance type do not significantly influence antibiotic prescribing rates for AOM, and nearly all patients have medical insurance.
ASJSA Honors William O. Douglas
Authors: Douglas William O. 
Published: December 2011

As the individual “who has contributed most during the past decade to the defense of the freedom of information,” former U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas was selected as recipient of the 1979 Citation of Merit of the American Society of Journalism School Administrators. Because of poor health, Justice Douglas could not attend the presentation ceremonies during the ASJSA Awards Luncheon Aug. 7 at the 1979 AEJ Convention in Houston. Accepting the award in his behalf was Professor Dagmar S. Hamilton, one of his close friends and associates both now and during the latter years of his 1939–75 tenure on the Court. Professor Hamilton is on the faculty of the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin. On the following pages is the main text of her speech after the presentation.