bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose‐dependent pharmacokinetics and first‐pass effects of mirodenafil, a new erectogenic, in rats
Authors: Choi Young H. , Lee Young S. , Bae Soo H. , Kim Tae K. , Lee Bong‐Y. , Lee Myung G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of mirodenafil and its two metabolites, SK3541 and SK3544, after intravenous (5, 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg) and oral (10, 20 and 50 mg/kg) administration of mirodenafil, and the first‐pass effect of mirodenafil after intravenous, oral, intraportal, intragastric and intraduodenal (20 mg/kg) administration of mirodenafil were evaluated in rats. The pharmacokinetics of mirodenafil and SK3541 were dose‐dependent after both intravenous and oral administration of mirodenafil due to the saturable hepatic metabolism of mirodenafil. After oral administration of mirodenafil, approximately 2.59% of the oral dose was not absorbed, theFvalue was approximately 29.4%, and the hepatic and gastrointestinal first‐pass effects of mirodenafil were approximately 21.4% and 54.3% of the oral dose, respectively. The lowFvalue of mirodenafil in rats was mainly due to considerable hepatic and gastrointestinal first‐pass effects in rats. The equilibrium plasma‐to‐blood cell partition ratios of mirodenafil were independent of the initial blood mirodenafil concentrations of 1–10 µg/ml; the mean values were 1.08–1.21. The plasma binding values of mirodenafil to rat plasma was 87.8%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomimetic potential of some methacrylate‐based copolymers: A comparative study
Authors: Zecheru Teodora , Filmon Robert , Rusen Edina , Mărculescu Bogdan , Zerroukhi Amar , Cincu Corneliu , Chappard Daniel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPreparation of new biocompatible materials for bone recovery has consistently gained interest in the last few decades. Special attention was given to polymers that contain negatively charged groups, such as phosphate, carboxyl, and sulfonic groups toward calcification. This present paper work demonstrates that other functional groups present also potential application in bone pathology. New copolymers of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate with diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), glycidyl methacrylate (GlyMA), methacrylic acid (MAA), 2‐methacryloyloxymethyl acetoacetate (MOEAA), 2‐methacryloyloxyethyltriethylammonium chloride (MOETAC), and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA) were obtained. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR, swelling potential, and they were submitted to in vitro tests for calcification and cytotoxicity evaluation. GlyMA and MOETAC‐containing copolymers show promising results for further in vivo mineralization tests, as a potential alternative to the classical bone grafts, in bone tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 966–973, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
From gene to protein
Authors: Nadeau Jay L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article describes a 3‐week intensive molecular biology methods course based upon fluorescent proteins, which is successfully taught at the McGill University to advanced undergraduates and graduates in physics, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, and medicine. No previous knowledge of biological terminology or methods is expected, so the material could readily be adapted to earlier undergraduates or students in other fields. The course emphasizes hands‐on experience with one half‐hour of lecture and 3 and a half hours of laboratory 4 days per week, for a total of 39 hours. The materials are simple and low in cost and all software used is free, making the budget accessible to small universities and community colleges that possess basic teaching wet labs. Conceptual understanding is reinforced with lab reports and an independent final paper on a subject of the student's choice. The final paper describes a possible thesis project, not necessarily the student's own, with assessment based upon grasping of key concepts and methods of molecular biology.
A methods‐based biotechnology course for undergraduates
Authors: Chakrabarti Debopam 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis new course in biotechnology for upper division undergraduates provides a comprehensive overview of the process of drug discovery that is relevant to biopharmaceutical industry. The laboratory exercises train students in both cell‐free and cell‐based assays. Oral presentations by the students delve into recent progress in drug discovery. Combination of lectures, hands‐on experiments, oral presentations, and accurate recording of laboratory data provides students a thorough training in biotechnology that better prepares them for the job market.
Problem‐solving test: Real‐time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Szeberényi József 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTerms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: polymerase chain reaction, DNA amplification, electrophoresis, breast cancer, HER2 gene, genomic DNA, in vitro DNA synthesis, template, primer, Taq polymerase, 5′→3′ elongation activity, 5′→3′ exonuclease activity, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, DNA structure, proofreading, thermocycler, fluorescence.
The impact of corporate social responsibility associations on trust in organic products marketed by mainstream retailers: a study of Italian consumers
Authors: Perrini Francesco , Castaldo Sandro , Misani Nicola , Tencati Antonio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates the determinants of consumer attitudes toward organic products marketed by mainstream retailers under a private label. Since organic products are credence goods, consumers cannot directly verify whether these products comply with official standards. Organic labels are the primary source of consumer trust in organics, but these labels must be noticed and understood before consumers will actively seek them out. In that some consumers may not prioritize product labels when they shop, it is sometimes up to retailers to strengthen consumer trust. Within the antecedents of this trust, we isolated the contribution of the corporate social responsibility associations held by consumers about retailers. We surveyed Italian customers interested in organics and found that they are more likely to trust the private‐label organic products sold by a retailer when it is considered socially responsible. Our results also show that consumer trust translates into brand loyalty and a willingness to pay a premium price for organic products. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Selective extraction of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols using a novel ionic liquid precursor immobilized on a mesoporous complexing adsorbent
Authors: Pham Patrisha J. , Pittman Charles U. , Li Tingyu , Li Min 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMesoporous silica (SBA‐15) synthesized by using Pluronic123 as the structure‐directing template was functionalized by imidazolium‐based ionic liquid precursors. Silver salts were then immobilized onto the supported ionic liquids using the incipient wetness impregnation technique. The separation of unsaturated species was achieved through the reversible and specific interaction between silver ions and carbon–carbon double bonds. This adsorbent was examined for the selective separation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols (PUTAG) using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD) as the quantification methodology. AgBF4/SBA15·HPSiOEtIM·PF6 showed an adsorption capacity for linolenin of about 217 mg adsorbed/gram of sorbent. This adsorbent had good selectivity and a high capacity for the most highly unsaturated triacylglycerol when applied to a mixture of triacylglycerols with varying degrees of unsaturation. Consequently, a stepwise methodology was also developed to increase the recovery of the adsorbed components. This adsorbent retained its selectivity and capacity when recycled up to five times. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Enhancing the secretion of recombinant proteins by engineering N‐glycosylation sites
Authors: Liu Yan , Nguyen Anton , Wolfert Robert L. , Zhuo Shaoqiu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractN‐glycosylation is important for the folding and quality control of membrane and secretory proteins. We used mutagenesis to introduce N‐glycosylation sequons in recombinant proteins to improve their secretion in HEK293 cells. Seven recombinant proteins, with or without endogenous N‐glycosylation sequons, were tested by this method. Our results indicate that N‐glycosylation sequons located at the N‐ or C‐terminal are glycosylated at high rates and thus the N‐ and C‐terminal may be convenient sites for effectively attaching oligosaccharide chains. More importantly, introduction of oligosaccharide chains at such positions has been found to improve the secretion levels for the majority of the recombinant proteins in our studies, regardless of endogenous N‐glycosylation, presumably by improving their folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Electrospun starch acetate nanofibers: Development, properties, and potential application in drug delivery
Authors: Xu Weijie , Yang Wen , Yang Yiqi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractElectrospun starch acetate (SA) nanofibers with different degrees of substitution (DS) have been developed using formic acid/water as solvents, and their properties and potential applications in drug delivery have been studied. Although SA is biodegradable, biocompatible, and inexpensive, the mechanical properties and potential applications of SA nanofibers have not been studied. This research studied the effect of the solvent system, SA concentration, annealing time, and DS on the morphology and tenacity of SA nanofibers. The water stability of SA nanofibers and drug release profiles using diclofenac as a model drug with the sorption and the dissolution methods have also been investigated. It has been found that annealing not only increased the mechanical properties of SA nanofibers but also led to a low initial burst and a constant release rate. The results also showed that 90% (v/v) formic acid/water solvent system gave even and fine SA nanofibers and the highest tenacity obtained in this study was 17.9 MPa. The SA nanofibers with DS 2.3 retained about 78.0% and 48.0% of its tenacity after 16 and 32 days exposing to 50°C and 90% relative humidity comparing to 77.0% and 40.2% for SA nanofibers with DS 1.1, respectively. In addition, SA nanofibers with DS 2.3 had a lower initial burst and a more constant drug release rate than those with DS 1.1. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Purification and characterization of a transgenic corn grain‐derived recombinant collagen type I alpha 1
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Baez Julio , Pappu Kameshwari M. , Glatz Charles E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCorn offers advantages as a transgenic host for producing recombinant proteins required at large volumes (1,000's of tons per year) and low cost (less than US$50/kg) by generating them as co‐products of biorefining. We describe the purification and characterization of a corn grain‐derived mammalian structural protein having such market characteristics: a full length recombinant collagen type I alpha 1 (rCIα1) chain. Material properties of interest are gelation behavior, which would depend on as yet unverified ability of corn to carry out post‐translational prolyl hydroxylation and formation of triple helical conformation. The starting material was grain where the expression of rCIα1 had been directed by an embryo‐specific promoter. Purification consisted of extraction at low pH followed by membrane and chromatographic steps to isolate rCIα1 for characterization. The amino acid composition and immunoreactivity of CIα1 was similar to that of an analogous native human CIα1 and to rCIα1 produced by the yeastPichia pastoris. Tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the primary sequence of the corn‐derived rCIα1 with 46% coverage. Fragments of the rCIα1chains were also observed, possibly caused by endogenous plant proteases. The corn‐derived rCIα1 had a low level of prolyl hydroxylation (∼1% versus 11%) relative to animal‐derived CIα1 and folded into its characteristic triple‐helical structure as indicated by its resistance to pepsin digestion below its melting temperature of 26oC. The 29 amino acid foldon fused to the C‐terminus to initiate triple helix formation was not cleaved from the rCIα1chains, but could be removed by pepsin treatment. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. 2009
VIRS: A visual tool for identifying restriction sites in multiple DNA sequences
Authors: Chen Xiang , Luo Cong , Ma Xiaoxia , Chen Ming 
Published: July 2009

AbstractVIRS (A visual tool for identifying restriction sites in multiple DNA sequences) is an interactive web‐based program designed for restriction endonuclease cut sites prediction and visualization. It can afford to analyze multiple DNA sequences simultaneously and produce visual restriction maps with several useful options intended for users' customization. These options also perform in‐depth analysis of the restriction maps, such as providing virtual electrophoretic result for digested fragments. Different from other analytical tools, VIRS not only displays visual outputs but also provides the detailed properties of restriction endonucleases that are commercially available. All the information of these enzymes is stored in our internal database, which is updated monthly from the manufacturers' web pages. It is freely available online at http://bis.zju.edu.cn/virs/index.html. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Classifying musculocutaneous nerve variations
Authors: Guerri‐Guttenberg Roberto A. , Ingolotti Mariana 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA total of 56 upper limbs from fetuses and adult cadavers were dissected to record anatomical variations in the musculocutaneous nerve (MC). A systematic literature review was performed to identify current classifications of MC variations. Communications were seen between the MC and median nerves in 53.6% of the dissections from which 84.6% were proximal, 7.7% distal, and 7.7% had one proximal and one distal communication to the point of entry of the MC into coracobrachialis muscle. In six out of 54 dissections where the MC was present, the nerve did not pierce the coracobrachialis muscle. In two cases, the MC was absent and in one case the MC and the median nerve had a distal origin. This article describes current classifications of MC variations and their problems. A new classification is proposed combining preexisting ones into an integrated and more detailed overview. Clinical manifestations of isolated MC injury with and without the presence of anatomical variations are thoroughly discussed. The knowledge of these variations will allow physicians to correctly interpret anomalous innervation patters of the upper limb. Clin. Anat. 22:671–683, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomic relationship of the radial nerve to the elbow joint: Clinical implications of safe pin placement
Authors: Kamineni S. , Ankem H. , Patten D.K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe percutaneous placement of lateral distal humeral pins risks injury to the radial nerve. We aimed to provide a reliable and safe parameter for the insertion of lateral distal humeral pins. A secondary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pin/screw placement in the intended zone of fixation at the lateral distal humerus. We dissected 70 fresh cadaveric upper limbs and the radial nerve was identified and its course followed into the anterior compartment. The point where the radial nerve crosses humerus in mid lateral plane was identified and the distance between this point and lateral epicondyle was measured, as was the maximum trans‐epicondylar distance, along with the olecranon fossa height. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The average trans‐epicondylar distance was measured at 62 ± 6 mm (range 52–78 mm), and the average lateral radial nerve height was 102 ± 10 mm (range 75–129 mm). The ratio of the lateral nerve height to the trans‐epicondylar distance was an average of 1.7 ± 0.2 (range 1.4–2.0). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the lateral nerve height and the trans‐epicondylar distance was r = 0.95. A relative dimension, the trans‐epicondylar distance is both reliable and easily accessible to the operating surgeon. The absolute safe zone for pin entry into the lateral distal humerus is that area lying within the caudad 70% of a line, equivalent in length to the patient's own trans‐epicondylar distance, when projected proximally from the lateral epicondyle. Clin. Anat. 22:684–688, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomic consideration of caudal epidural space: A cadaver study
Authors: Aggarwal Anjali , Kaur Harjeet , Batra Yatindra K. , Aggarwal Aditya K. , Rajeev Subramanyam , Sahni Daisy 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe knowledge of sacral hiatus anatomy is imperative in clinical situations requiring caudal epidural block for various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of the lumbosacral spine to avoid failure and dural injury. In this study, a detailed anatomic study of the sacral region was carried out on 49 male adult Indian cadavers. Dorsal surface of sacral region was dissected to study sacral cornua, sacral hiatus, and the dimensions of triangle formed by the right and left posterosuperior iliac spines with apex of the hiatus. Midsagittal sections were subjected for various anatomical measurements. The angle of needle insertion and the depth of caudal space were noted. Cornu was not palpable bilaterally in 7 (14.3%) and palpable unilaterally in 12 (24.5%) specimens. Mean (standard deviation) distance between apex of hiatus and coccyx tip was 57.5 (8.7) mm and length of sacrococcygeal ligament was 34.2 (7.4) mm. The dimensions of the triangle were found to be interchangeable in 25 cadavers. Once the needle is introduced into the canal after penetrating the sacrococcygeal ligament, it should not be advanced >5 mm to prevent dural puncture. The level of maximum curvature of sacrum was S3 in 34 (69.4%) of cases. The dural sac was found to terminate at S2 in 41 (83.6%). The mean (SD) angle of depression of the needle was 65.7 (5.5) (range 58–78). The measurements described for the identification of the sacral hiatus, optimal angle of depression, and depth of the needle may improve the safety and reliability of a caudal epidural block. Clin. Anat. 22:730–737, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A survey of medical students on the impact of a new digital imaging library in the dissection room
Authors: Turmezei T.D. , Tam M.D.B.S. , Loughna S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRadiology has a recognised role in undergraduate anatomy education. The recent digitalisation of radiology has created new learning opportunities involving techniques such as image labelling, 3D reconstruction, and multiplanar reformatting. An opportunity was identified at the University of Nottingham to create a digital library of normal radiology images as a learner‐driven adjunct in anatomy dissection sessions. We describe the process of creating a de novo digital library by sourcing images for presentation at computer workstations. Students' attitudes towards this new resource were assessed using a questionnaire which used a 5 point Likert scale and also offered free text responses. One hundred and forty‐one out of 260 students (54%) completed the questionnaire. The most notable findings were: a positive response to the relevance of imaging to the session topics (median score 4), strong agreement that images should be available on the university website (median score 5), and disagreement that enough workstations were available (median score 2). About 24% of respondents suggested independently that images needed more labeling to help with orientation and identification. This first phase of supplying a comprehensive imaging library can be regarded as a success. Increasing availability and incorporating dynamic labeling are well recognized as important design concepts for electronic learning resources and these will be improved in the second phase of delivery as a direct result of studentfeedback. Hopefully other centers can benefit from this experience and will consider such a venture to be worthwhile. Clin. Anat. 22:761–769, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variations of pulmonary vessels: Some practical implications for lung resections
Authors: Subotich Dragan , Mandarich Dragan , Milisavljevich Milan , Filipovich Branislav , Nikolich Valentina 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAnatomical variations of the bronchi and lung vessels may be important obstacles during lung resection if overlooked. We designed this study to determine the frequency and types of variations of lung vessels during lung resections. In a 3[1/2]‐year‐period, anatomical variations were recorded and registered by digital photography at the hilar and/or interlobar areas during lung resection surgery on 140 patients. Variations of the pulmonary blood vessels were observed in 23 patients. Of these, 12 patients had variations of the middle lobe vessels. Middle lobe veins emptying into the right inferior pulmonary vein, and middle lobe arteries originating from the artery for the basal segments, were observed in four patients each; two separate middle lobe arteries and a low origin of the middle lobe artery existed in three and one patient, respectively. Among seven patients with variations of the lingular vessels, the lingular artery originating from the artery for the basal segments was found in three patients; the remaining variations referred to absent or low origin of the lingular artery (in one patient each), and to an aberrant lingular vein, separate from the upper lobe vein (two patients). A single unilateral pulmonary vein and a left‐sided bronchial tree completely behind the pulmonary artery existed in three and one patient, respectively. Potential problems related to these variations during resectional lung surgery are discussed. Awareness of the most frequent variations is of utmost importance for safe lung resections. Clin. Anat. 22:698–705, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digital subtraction angiography of the superior mesenteric artery: Identifying arterial branches
Authors: Turmezei T.D. , Cockburn J.F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis “problem in diagnostic imaging” provides an overview of the technique of digital subtraction angiography. The possibility of artefacts arising from movement subsequent to the taking of the masking image is discussed. It is also important that contrast medium is allowed to backflow into the parent vessel (in this case the aorta) to ensure that there has been filling of the proximal branches of the vessel of interest (in this case the superior mesenteric artery). An accessory middle colic artery is demonstrated. Detection of such variant vessels is important not only to surgeons but also to specialist radiologists carrying out therapeutic embolization. Clin. Anat. 22:777–779, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.