bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopical evaluation of extracellular matrix and its relation to the palatopharyngeal muscle in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Molina Fernando D. , Santos Fernanda C.A. , Falleiros Luis R. , Goloni‐Bertollo Eny M. , Felisbino Sérgio L. , Justulin Luis A. , Maniglia José V. , Taboga Sebastião R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a complex disease of the upper respiratory airways. SAHS physiopathology is multifactorial in which airway compliance is a very important component. To evaluate the tissue changes in the palatopharyngeal muscle by morphometric, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and stereological quantification, with special attention to extracellular matrix associated with this muscle at the structural and ultrastructural levels. Thirty patients with SAHS were divided into groups of 10 according to disease severity: mild, moderate, and severe SAHS. In addition, the control group consisted of 10 patients. Fragments of palatopharyngeal muscle removed from patients with SAHS and tonsillectomies from patients in the control group were histopathologically submitted to light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Histopathological evaluations by light and transmission electron microscopes showed differences in analyzed groups, such as reduction of the muscle fiber diameter in patients with SAHS, taking disease severity into consideration. In contrast, stereological analysis showed a gradual increase of the collagen and elastic system fibers relative frequencies, proportionally to SAHS seriousness. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 immunostaining also showed an increased reaction in the muscle fiber cytoplasm and endomisium during SAHS progression. The ultrastructural analysis showed that palatopharyngeal muscle fibers presented cytoplasmic residual corpuscles, a sign of early cell aging. In conclusion, the increase of tissue compliance in individuals with SAHS can be, in addition to other factors, consequence of diminished contractile activity of the muscle fibers, which exhibited clear signs of early senescence. Moreover, extracellular matrix components changes may contribute to muscle myopathy during SAHS progression. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human odontoblasts express transient receptor protein and acid‐sensing ion channel mechanosensor proteins
Authors: Solé‐Magdalena Antonio , Revuelta Enrique G. , Menénez‐Díaz Ivan , Calavia Marta G. , Cobo Teresa , García‐Suárez Olivia , Pérez‐Piñera Pablo , De Carlos Felix , Cobo Juan , Vega Jose A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDiverse proteins of the denegerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENa+C) superfamily, in particular those belonging to the acid‐sensing ion channel (ASIC) family, as well as some members of the transient receptor protein (TRP) channel, function as mechanosensors or may be required for mechanosensation in a diverse range of species and cell types. Therefore, we investigated the putative mechanosensitive function of human odontoblasts using immunohistochemistry to detect ENa+C subunits (α, β, and γ) and ASIC (1, 2, 3, and 4) proteins, as well as TRPV4, in these cells. Positive and specific immunoreactivity in the odontoblast soma and/or processes was detected for all proteins studied except α‐ENa+C. The intensity of immunostaining was high for β‐ENa+C and ASIC2, whereas it was low for ASIC1, ASIC3, γ‐ENa+C, and TRPV4, being absent for α‐ENa+C and ASIC4. These results suggest that human odontoblasts in situ express proteins related to mechanosensitive channels that probably participate in the mechanisms involved in teeth sensory transmission. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Convergence in dental histology between the late Triassic semionotiformSargodon tomicus(Neopterygii) and a late cretaceous (Turonian) pycnodontid (Neopterygii: Pycnodontiformes) species
Authors: Andreev Plamen Stanislavov 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMicrostructural scanning electron microscope investigation was performed on sectioned and surface‐etched isolated, prehensile teeth of the Late Triassic semionotiform speciesSargodon tomicusand Pycnodontidaeincertae sedisfrom the Late Cretaceous. The teeth of both taxa display a system of vascular canals penetrating the dentine and the overlying hypermineralized acrodin cap; small tubules are radiating at an angle to the long axis of the canals, interpreted as residual spaces left by odontoblast cell processes. This is the first detailed account of vascular acrodin encountered in a pycnodont species. New information is revealed also aboutSargodondental histology in the shape of mineralized remnants of the basal lamina at the acrodin–dentine junction. This implies that deposition of the acrodin organic matrix proceeded centrifugally by the cells of the inner dental epithelium, probably with minor collagen contribution from odontoblasts. This is contrary to the more typical centripetal formation (beneath the basal lamina) of the acrodin layer implied for the studied pycnodontid teeth. The rare occurrences of vascular acrodin within Actinopterygii, and the demonstrated differences in its histogenesis, do not suggest the usefulness of the tissue as systematic character but rather point to its adaptive significance. The superficial increase in the order of acrodin bundle orientation, observed in both species, is similarly regarded as convergently acquired mechanical adaptation. The observed uneven shape of crystallite rows and lesser degree of mineralization of the inner collariform ganoin, compared to its outer portion, is indicative of epithelial‐ectomesenchymal interaction and qualifies the tissue as enameloid. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virtual communication, transformational leadership, and implicit leadership
Authors: Salter Charles , Green Mark , Duncan Phyllis , Berre Anne , Torti Charles 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis research was designed to test the theoretical relationship among personality, implicit leadership, and transformational leadership in a setting devoid of face‐to‐face communication, which we entitled virtual communication. Specifically, the study was designed to link, by using the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), traits from the 5‐factor model of personality (the Big 5) to followers' perception of the leadership style of a virtual leader on the basis of Bass and Avolio's MLQ‐5X (1994). A voluntary sample consisted of undergraduate and graduate students from two universities in the south Texas area (N = 306). Respondents to the virtual communication rated Leader 1's communication, which used previously identified transformational language (Salter, Carmody‐Bubb, Duncan, & Green, 2007), as significantly more transformational than Leader 2's communication, using words not associated with transformational leaders. Participants who scored high in the Big 5 personality traits of agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and extraversion rated the leader as more transformational while those high in neuroticism rated the leader as less transformational.
Indicators of leadership development in undergraduate military education
Authors: Shepherd Rebecca S. , Horner Donald H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDespite the reputation of service academies and military colleges for producing leaders of character who serve as commissioned officers in America's armed forces, little is known about the actual effects these institutions have on the leadership development of their students. A two‐step process, this cross‐sectional study sought to investigate leadership development through the lens of the leadership identity development model as measured by the aptitude for commission grade. From a review of the military leadership curriculum at American service academies and military colleges, the initial phase of research established that leadership development occurred. The second phase used quantitative methods and a cross‐sectional design to investigate the effects of peer ranking, cumulative grade point average, leadership grades, and varsity athletic participation on leadership development throughout four years of undergraduate education. Findings indicated that company ranking by peers was significant regardless of gender or ethnicity. Mixed significant findings resulted for grade point average, leadership grades, and varsity athletic participation when based on gender and self‐identified minority status.
Initial assessment and validation of an instrument to measure student perceptions of leadership skills
Authors: Zula Ken , Yarrish Karen , Christensen Stephen D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article reports on development and validation of an instrument for use in measuring student perceptions of leadership skills. The article describes the development process of an instrument through use of subject matter experts for measuring leadership skill perception among students and use of an exploratory factor analysis technique to validate the resulting instrument. These data were obtained from a survey of 214 students in a small liberal arts college of business. The article presents an instrument for assistance with measuring leadership skill perception, development, and importance as well as further reports on the initial validity and reliability measures resulting from the analysis. In addition, the usefulness of the instrument for educators and workplace trainers is explored.
Undermanaged and not yet led: Reconciling management gap and leadership challenge for the new nature of the Chinese firm
Authors: Jelen Jonatan , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe People's Republic of China is already the world's largest social system. It is now well on its way to becoming the world's largest national economy. This rapid economic development of the last 30 years is a result of the economic reforms carefully architected since 1978 by the former Paramount Leader Deng Xiaoping. There are several remarkable characteristics of this uniquely Chinese experience. First, it was not conceived as a paradigmatic shift. The Chinese transition to market‐economic models is closely controlled, incremental, selective, seemingly harmonious, and yet sustainable. Second, it was conceived as a paradox. The scope of these reforms deliberately did not extend to institutional reform. The famous characterization “One Country, Two Systems” captures this almost un‐Western idea of disassociating the evolution of the two spheres and allowing the co‐existence of two competing ideologies. Third, it was conceived as a pragmatic transformation, without proper ontological grounding as to how this dissonance will eventually be reconciled. At this point, the main actors caught between the two fronts (markets and institutions), the firms, will have to rise to the occasion and provide change leadership autonomously. The purpose of this conceptual article is to identify the required changes in nature of the Chinese firms navigating this dualist system, in particular with respect to their leadership component by exploring the presence of antecedents that will allow leadership to emerge. In the alternative we tentatively suggest carefully transferring some of our Western leadership wisdom, but we have to carefully evaluate to what extent existing conditions may also prevent us from doing so.
Non‐invasive visualization of basilar artery perforators with 7T MR angiography
Authors: Kang Chang‐Ki , Park Chan‐A , Kim Kyoung‐Nam , Hong Suk‐Min , Park Cheol‐Wan , Kim Young‐Bo , Cho Zang‐Hee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To visualize the perforating arteries originating from basilar artery (BA) by using ultra‐high resolution 7T MR angiography (MRA) and optimizing MR parameters as well as radio frequency (RF) coils, which may provide important information for neurosurgery and understanding diseases of the pons, but was unable to clearly visualize with conventional MRA techniques.Materials and Methods:Seven healthy volunteers (five males and two females, age [mean ± SD] = 28.71 ± 7.54 years) were scanned using optimized MR parameters to obtain images of pontine arteries (PAs) originating from the main trunk of BA. Two different volume coils and a phased array coil were designed and compared for this study. The images obtained at 7T MRA were compared with those at 1.5T and 3T MRA.Results:The results showed that PA imaging at 7T MRI consistently provided clearly identifiable vessels, which were difficult to visualize in MR angiograms obtained at 1.5T and 3T MRIs. Volume RF coils had higher sensitivity for the center of the brain, which enhanced PA imaging compared to phased array coil. The average number of PA branches in all seven subjects observable by 7T MRA was 7.14 ± 2.79, and the visualized PA branches were found to mainly propagating on the surface of the pons.Conclusion:We have demonstrated that ultra‐high resolution 7T MRA could delineate the PAs using optimized imaging parameters and volume RF coils compared to commercially available 1.5T and 3T MRIs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:544–550. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Common data elements in radiologic imaging of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Haacke E. Mark , Duhaime Ann Christine , Gean Alisa D. , Riedy Gerard , Wintermark Max , Mukherjee Pratik , Brody David L. , DeGraba Thomas , Duncan Timothy D. , Elovic Elie , Hurley Robin , Latour Lawrence , Smirniotopoulos James G. , Smith Douglas H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) has a poorly understood pathology. Patients suffer from a variety of physical and cognitive effects that worsen as the type of trauma worsens. Some noninvasive insights into the pathophysiology of TBI are possible using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and many other forms of imaging as well. A recent workshop was convened to evaluate the common data elements (CDEs) that cut across the imaging field and given the charge to review the contributions of the various imaging modalities to TBI and to prepare an overview of the various clinical manifestations of TBI and their interpretation. Technical details regarding state‐of‐the‐art protocols for both MRI and CT are also presented with the hope of guiding current and future research efforts as to what is possible in the field. Stress was also placed on the potential to create a database of CDEs as a means to best record information from a given patient from the reading of the images. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:516–543. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sealed‐off spontaneous perforation of a pyometra diagnosed preoperatively by magnetic resonance imaging: A case report
Authors: Kim Jonghyun , Cho Dong‐Hyu , Kim Young‐Kon , Lee Jeong‐Heon , Jeong Young‐Ju 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:Spontaneous perforation is a very rare complication of pyometra. The clinical findings of perforated pyometra usually mimic perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. In most cases a correct diagnosis can be made only by laparotomy. In our case, the patient's pyometra was sealed and she complained only of mild abdominal pain and showed no signs of peritonitis. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) findings were not suggestive of uterine rupture. However, T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a full thickness defect of the myometrium. We discuss the CT and MRI findings that confirmed a correct diagnosis of perforated pyometra. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:697–699. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversed laminar appearance of articular cartilage by T1‐weighting in 3D fat‐suppressed spoiled gradient recalled echo (SPGR) imaging
Authors: Xia Yang , Zheng Shaokuan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the reversed intensity pattern in the laminar appearance of articular cartilage by 3D fat‐suppressed spoiled gradient recalled echo (FS‐SPGR) imaging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and Methods:The 3D SPGR experiments were carried out on canine articular cartilage with an echo time (TE) of 2.12 msec, a repetition time (TR) of 60 msec, and various flip angles (5° to 80°). In addition, T1, T2, and T2* in cartilage were imaged and used to explain the laminar appearance in SPGR imaging.Results:The profiles of T2 and T2* in cartilage were similar in shape. However, the T2 values from the multigradient‐echo imaging sequence were about 1/3 of those from single spin‐echo sequences at a pixel resolution of 26 μm. While the laminar appearance of cartilage in spin‐echo imaging is caused mostly by T2‐weighting, the laminar appearance of cartilage in fast imaging (ie, short TR) at the magic angle can have a reversed intensity pattern, which is caused mostly by T1‐weighting.Conclusion:The laminar appearance of articular cartilage can have opposite intensity patterns in the deep part of the tissue, depending on whether the image is T1‐weighted or T2‐weighted. The underlying molecular structure and experimental protocols should both be considered when one examines cartilage images in MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:733–737. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple‐bolus dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in the pancreas during a glucose challenge
Authors: Naish J.H. , Hutchinson C.E. , Caunce A. , Roberts C. , Waterton J.C. , Hockings P.D. , Taylor C.J. , Parker G.J.M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To assess the feasibility of multiple‐bolus dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the pancreas; to optimize the analysis; and to investigate application of the method to a glucose challenge in type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods:A 4‐bolus DCE‐MRI protocol was performed on five patients with type 2 diabetes and 11 healthy volunteers during free‐breathing. Motion during the dynamic time series was corrected for using a model‐driven nonlinear registration. A glucose challenge was administered intravenously between the first and second DCE‐MRI acquisition in all patients and in seven of the healthy controls.Results:Image registration improved the reproducibility of the DCE‐MRI model parameters across the repeated bolus‐acquisitions in the healthy controls with no glucose challenge (eg, coefficient of variation for Ktrans improved from 38% to 28%). Native tissue T1 was significantly lower in patients (374 ± 68 msec) compared with volunteers (519 ± 41 msec) but there was no significant difference in any of the baseline DCE‐MRI parameters. No effect of glucose challenge was observed in either the patients or healthy volunteers.Conclusion:Multiple bolus DCE‐MRI is feasible in the pancreas and is improved by nonlinear image registration but is not sensitive to the effects of an intravenous glucose challenge. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:622–628. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time noise cancellation for speech acquired in interactive functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Zvyagintsev Mikhail , Klasen Martin , Mathiak Krystyna A. , Weber René , Edgar J. Christopher , Mathiak Klaus 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To present online scanner noise cancellation for speech acquired in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies.Materials and Methods:An online active noise cancellation method for speech acquired in fMRI studies was developed. The approach consists of two automated steps: 1) creation of an MR noise template in a short “test” fMRI scan; 2) application of the template for automatic recognition and subtraction of the MR noise from the acquired microphone signal during an fMRI study. The method was applied in an experimental paradigm where a subject and an investigator communicated in an interactive verbal generation task during fMRI.Results:By applying online active noise cancellation, the quality of the subject's speech was substantially improved. The present approach was found to be flexible, reliable, and easy to implement, providing a method for fMRI studies that investigate the neural correlates of interactive speech communication.Conclusion:Using online noise cancellation it is possible to improve the quality of acquired speech in fMRI. This approach may be recommended for interactive fMRI studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:705–713. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of time resolved magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of pelvic congestion syndrome
Authors: Pandey Tarun , Shaikh Raja , Viswamitra Sanjaya , Jambhekar Kedar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe describe the efficacy of time‐resolved MR angiography in diagnosing a case of pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). MR angiography, using four‐dimensional (4D) TRAK (Time‐Resolved Angiography using Keyhole) technique was used in an 81‐year‐old woman presenting with low backache, pelvic pain, and left pelvic fullness. Dynamic images were obtained in multiple vascular phases including arterial, arteriovenous, and venous phases. The high temporal resolution of 4D TRAK could demonstrate early retrograde left ovarian vein filling as well as multiple dilated pelvic varices, allowing the prospective diagnosis of PCS to be made. Although uncommon in this age group, the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed on conventional catheter venography with symptomatic relief after successful embolization of the incompetent left ovarian vein. The MRA and correlative catheter venography images are presented in this case report. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:700–704. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Negative predictive value of normal adenosine‐stress cardiac MRI in the assessment of coronary artery disease and correlation with semiquantitative perfusion analysis
Authors: Pilz Guenter , Eierle Susanne , Heer Tobias , Klos Markus , Ali Eman , Scheck Roland , Wild Michael , Bernhardt Peter , Hoefling Berthold 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To prospectively determine the negative predictive value of normal adenosine stress cardiac MR (CMR) in routine patients referred for evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD), predominantly with intermediate to high pretest risk.Materials and Methods:Consecutive patients referred for coronary angiography were examined in a 1.5 Tesla whole‐body scanner before catheterization. A total of 158 patients with normal CMR on qualitative assessment were included, and semiquantitative perfusion analysis was performed. Significant CAD was regarded as luminal narrowing of ≥70% in coronary angiography.Results:In the 158 study patients, negative predictive value of normal adenosine‐stress CMR for significant CAD was 96.2% (for stenosis ≥90%: 98.1%). True‐negative and false‐negative patients were comparable regarding clinical presentation, risk factors, and CMR findings. Semiquantitative perfusion analysis gave significantly prolonged arrival time index and peak time index in the false‐negative group. Using cutoff values >1.8 for arrival time index or >1.2 for peak time index, the CMR negative predictive value increased to 98.7% (for stenosis ≥90%: to 100%).Conclusion:The very high negative predictive value for CAD supports CMR‐based decision making for the indication to coronary angiography. Semiquantitative perfusion analysis seems promising to identify the small group of CAD patients not detectable by qualitative CMR assessment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:615–621. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.