bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coeval formation and exhumation of metamorphic sole and ophiolite in the Saga ophiolitic mélange: Insights into subduction initiation of the Neo‐Tethys
Authors: Shen Jie , Dai Jingen , Yang Kai , Zhao Lingling , Zhang Wencang , Malaspina's Nadia , Sternai's Pietro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSubduction initiation is recorded by upper plate magmatism and lower plate metamorphism, that is, supra‐subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolite–metamorphic sole pair. Here, we report geochemical and geochronological data as well as P–T calculations of amphibolites (metamorphic sole) and hornblende gabbros (SSZ ophiolite) from the Saga ophiolitic mélange in Tibetan Plateau. Amphibolites show trace element contents compatible with normal‐mid‐ocean ridge basalt (N‐MORB), indicating that the protolith of amphibolite formed in a MOR setting. Instead, hornblende gabbros show significant high field strength elements (HFSEs) negative anomalies, enriched large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and high zircon εHf(t) values, suggesting they formed by fluid‐induced partial melting of a depleted mantle. Thermobarometry and phase equilibrium modelling suggest two stages of metamorphism for garnet–clinopyroxene amphibolites: (I) a peak metamorphic stage (~1.9 GPa and 1000°C) and (II) a retrograde metamorphic stage (1.1–1.6 GPa and 800–1000°C). Zircon U–Pb ages of amphibolite and hornblende gabbro are 128.8 ± 5.1 Ma and 128.1 ± 1.5 Ma, respectively, suggesting subduction initiation within the eastern Neo‐Tethys occurred no later than 128 Ma and SSZ ophiolite formed at ~128 Ma. Apatite U–Pb ages of amphibolite and hornblende gabbro are 121.8 ± 2.1 Ma and 117.5 ± 4.5 Ma, respectively. Titanite U–Pb age of amphibolite is 122.2 ± 1.5 Ma. Overall, our data suggest that the metamorphic sole and SSZ ophiolite were exhumed since 128–118 Ma, and finally exhumed into the ophiolitic mélange.
Navigating the contradictory dynamics of production and social reproduction in collectively owned agricultural enterprises in South Africa's land reform
Authors: Bunce Brittany , Hornby Donna , Cousins Ben 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe paper explores how beneficiaries of South Africa's land reform programme attempt to navigate the contradictory dynamics of production and social reproduction in collectively owned agricultural enterprises. The Mphuzanyoni Communal Property Association in KwaZulu‐Natal province farms with commercial beef herds and the Mayime Cooperative in the Eastern Cape province is engaged in a joint venture dairy farming scheme in partnership with an agribusiness firm. Severe tensions are evident between the social reproduction of households and the requirements of simple or expanded reproduction of agricultural enterprises. Bernstein's concept of competing ‘funds’ is used to examine struggles over production and reproduction on the farms, in which members of socially differentiated households contest divergent visions for the collective enterprises. Conflicts centre on how labour and capital should be mobilised, how income and other benefits in kind should be distributed to households and whether or not income should be invested for purposes of simple or expanded reproduction of the enterprise. Challenges of governance are rooted in these conflicts rather than in group ownership as a form of property right.
Dispelling Educational Neuromyths: A Review of In‐Service Teacher Professional Development Interventions
Authors: Rousseau Luc 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTDespite considerable progress made in educational neuroscience, neuromyths persist in the teaching profession, hampering translational endeavors. The initial wave of interventions designed to dispel educational neuromyths was predominantly directed at preservice teachers. More recent work in the field, reviewed here, has shifted its focus primarily to in‐service teacher professional development interventions. We discuss various interventional approaches, including refutation texts embedded into a brief training in foundational neuroscience, personalized refutation texts, insightful reflections upon science of learning key concepts (e.g., brain plasticity), and immersive experiences within research groups, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The evolving nature of scientific knowledge, the imperative to respect educators' personal and professional sensitivities, as well as challenges posed by conceptual change, are also addressed. This narrative review underscores the need to bring neuromyth investigations into the classroom environment.
Factors associated with the consumption of voluntarily fortified foods with micronutrients by the Portuguese population
Authors: Pimenta‐Martins Ana , Correia Daniela , Carvalho Catarina , Lopes Carla , Gomes Ana Maria , Torres Duarte 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the sociodemographic and health‐related factors associated with the consumption of voluntarily fortified foods with micronutrients (Mn‐FF) by the Portuguese population, using data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN‐AF 2015–2016). Food consumption, sociodemographic and other health‐related factors, and physical activity data were computerised using the You Eat & Move e‐platform. Foods consumed by participants and labelled foods reported as consumed were included in the database. Mn‐FF were considered all foods containing added micronutrients legally authorised, and MN‐FF users were those who consumed at least one Mn‐FF on at least one of the dietary recall days.Approximately 57% of the population consumed at least one Mn‐FF. Children and adolescents consumed significantly more Mn‐FF than older age groups. The primary contributors to Mn‐FF consumption were breakfast cereals and fat spreads. Being a child (female OR 2.07 [95% CI: 1.52, 2.83]; male OR 4.80 [95% CI: 3.23, 7.14]) or adolescent (female OR 1.62 [95% CI: 1.78, 2.22]; male OR 4.59 [95% CI: 3.26, 6.47]), having a higher level of education (female OR 1.52 [95% CI: 1.17, 1.99]; male OR 1.85 [95% CI: 1.42, 2.42]) and engaging in regular physical activity (female OR 1.31 [95% CI: 1.09, 1.58]; male OR 1.36 [95% CI: 1.11, 1.68]) were factors positively associated with Mn‐FF consumption. Conversely, obesity (female OR 0.76 [95% CI: 0.60, 0.96]), living in predominantly rural areas (male OR 0.70 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.91]) and eating fewer mid‐meals per day (female OR 0.60 [95% CI: 0.48, 0.76]; male OR 0.64 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.84]) were associated with lower Mn‐FF consumption.Younger age, higher education and physical activity practice were positively associated with Mn‐FF consumption. These findings provide important insights on priority factors to be considered when deciding on nutrient fortification policies from both public health and food industry perspectives.
Mindfulness networks: Analyzing associations with self‐compassion, other‐compassion, need fulfillment, and satisfaction in midlife married Canadians
Authors: Quinn‐Nilas Christopher , Milhausen Robin R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterest in mindfulness in the field of romantic relationships is growing. Drawing from a Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) perspective—which proposes that the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are foundational for well‐being—we attempted to map out the complex associations between mindfulness, self‐compassion, other‐compassion, basic need fulfillment in relationships, and increased relationship and sexual satisfaction. A sample of 640 midlife (40–59‐year‐old) married Canadians was recruited from a national panel. To test the associations at a systems‐level, we utilized psychological network analysis based on the premise that the relational and sexual effects of mindfulness are understood as part of a dynamic and multivariate network of associations with other variables. Need fulfillment in relationships (particularly relatedness needs) occupied a central position in the model, connecting mindfulness and self‐compassion with relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. The findings underscored the major importance of SDT in relationships, and the overall structure of the network was consistent with growing theories of mindfulness in relationships. Future research employing longitudinal network models will aid in elucidating this system's operation over time.
Stacking pattern transition caused by submarine channel inception and internal levée development
Authors: Kaempfe‐Droguett Sebastian A. , Romans Brian W. , Hubbard Stephen M. , Daniels Benjamin G. , Stright Lisa 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe shift from highly amalgamated and laterally offset to aggradational and vertically stacked submarine channels is a pattern that has been widely recognized in seismic reflection datasets as well as in outcropping successions worldwide. However, the sedimentary and stratigraphic details of such an important part of channel evolution and its implications have not been discussed extensively. That gap is addressed here by characterizing a previously undocumented, seismic‐scale outcrop of the Tres Pasos Formation (Magallanes Basin, Chile) that records the transition from a laterally offset/low‐aggradational channel complex to a vertically stacked aggradational complex associated with the development of an internal levée that enhanced channel aggradation. The boundary between the two complexes is defined by a composite erosional surface (up to ca 35 m relief) with two adjacent element‐scale channelized incisions with contrasting sedimentary infills that provide unprecedented insight into this key phase of submarine channel evolution. Observations indicate that, in between these two depositional architecture styles, there is a significant phase of deep incision and bypass. The relief achieved via this deep incision of one or multiple simultaneously active conduits is interpreted to be necessary to set up the conditions for flow stripping and, subsequently, overbank deposition. Finally, the siltstone‐rich intra‐channel lithofacies association observed directly overlying part of the incision is interpreted to represent the stratigraphic expression of the earliest deposits of an active submarine channel preserved due to the abrupt abandonment of this pathway and the development of an adjacent conduit, which resulted in the former being covered with fine‐grained overbank deposits.
Using modified Fenn diagrams to assess ventilatory acclimatization during ascent to high altitude: Effect of acetazolamide
Authors: Isakovich Rodion , Cates Valerie C. , Pentz Brandon A. , Bird Jordan D. , Vanden Berg Emily R. , de Freitas Emily M. , Nysten Cassandra E. , Leacy Jack K. , O'Halloran Ken D. , Brutsaert Thomas D. , Sherpa Mingma T. , Day Trevor A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh altitude (HA) ascent imposes systemic hypoxia and associated risk of acute mountain sickness. Acute hypoxia elicits a hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), which is augmented with chronic HA exposure (i.e., ventilatory acclimatization; VA). However, laboratory‐based HVR tests lack portability and feasibility in field studies. As an alternative, we aimed to characterize area under the curve (AUC) calculations on Fenn diagrams, modified by plotting portable measurements of end‐tidal carbon dioxide () against peripheral oxygen saturation () to characterize and quantify VA during incremental ascent to HA (n = 46). Secondarily, these participants were compared with a separate group following the identical ascent profile whilst self‐administering a prophylactic oral dose of acetazolamide (Az; 125 mg BID; n = 20) during ascent. First, morning and measurements were collected on 46 acetazolamide‐free (NAz) lowland participants during an incremental ascent over 10 days to 5160 m in the Nepal Himalaya. AUC was calculated from individually constructed Fenn diagrams, with a trichotomized split on ranked values characterizing the smallest, medium, and largest magnitudes of AUC, representing high (n = 15), moderate (n = 16), and low (n = 15) degrees of acclimatization. After characterizing the range of response magnitudes, we further demonstrated that AUC magnitudes were significantly smaller in the Az group compared to the NAz group (P = 0.0021), suggesting improved VA. These results suggest that calculating AUC on modified Fenn diagrams has utility in assessing VA in large groups of trekkers during incremental ascent to HA, due to the associated portability and congruency with known physiology, although this novel analytical method requires further validation in controlled experiments.Highlights
What is the central question of this study?What are the characteristics of a novel methodological approach to assess ventilatory acclimatization (VA) with incremental ascent to high altitude (HA)?
What is the main finding and its importance?Area under the curve (AUC) magnitudes calculated from modified Fenn diagrams were significantly smaller in trekkers taking an oral prophylactic dose of acetazolamide compared to an acetazolamide‐free group, suggesting improved VA. During incremental HA ascent, quantifying AUC using modified Fenn diagrams is feasible to assess VA in large groups of trekkers with ascent, although this novel analytical method requires further validation in controlled experiments.
Single‐cell ionic current phenotyping elucidates non‐canonical features and predictive potential of cardiomyocytes during automated drug experiments
Authors: Clark Alexander P. , Wei Siyu , Christini David J. , Krogh‐Madsen Trine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAll new drugs must go through preclinical screening tests to determine their proarrhythmic potential. While these assays effectively filter out dangerous drugs, they are too conservative, often misclassifying safe compounds as proarrhythmic. In this study, we attempt to address this shortcoming with a novel, medium‐throughput drug‐screening approach: we use an automated patch‐clamp system to acquire optimized voltage clamp (VC) and action potential (AP) data from human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs) at several drug concentrations (baseline, 3×, 10× and 20× the effective free plasma concentrations). With our novel method, we show correlations between INa block and upstroke slowing after treatment with flecainide or quinine. Additionally, after quinine treatment, we identify significant reductions in current during voltage steps designed to isolate If and IKs. However, we do not detect any IKr block by either drug, and upon further investigation, do not see any IKr present in the iPSC‐CMs when prepared for automated patch experiments (i.e. in suspension) – this is in contrast to similar experiments we have conducted with these cells using the manual patch setup. In this study, we: (1) present a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of a single‐cell medium‐throughput drug study, and (2) characterize the non‐canonical electrophysiology of iPSC‐CMs when prepared for experiments in a medium‐throughput setting.
imageKey points
Human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs) offer potential as an in vitro model to study the proarrhythmic potential of drugs, but insights from these cells are often limited by the low throughput of manual patch‐clamp.
In this study, we use a medium‐throughput automated patch‐clamp system to acquire action potential (AP) and complex voltage clamp (VC) data from single iPSC‐CMs at multiple drug concentrations.
A correlation between AP upstroke and INa transients was identified and drug‐induced changes in ionic currents found.
We also characterize the substantially altered physiology of iPSC‐CMs when patched in an automated system, suggesting the need to investigate differences between manual and automated patch experiments.
Optimized Design of a Soft Actuator Considering Force/Torque, Bendability, and Controllability via an Approximated Structure
Authors: Yang Wu-Te , Kurkcu Burak , Tomizuka Masayoshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel design method that enhances the force/torque, bendability, and controllability of soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs). The complex structure of the soft actuator is simplified by approximating it as a cantilever beam. This allows us to derive approximated nonlinear kinematic models and a dynamical model, which is explored to understand the correlation between natural frequency and dimensional parameters of SPA. The design problem is then transformed into an optimization problem, using kinematic equations as the objective function and the dynamical equation as a constraint. By solving this optimization problem, the optimal dimensional parameters are determined. Six prototypes are manufactured to validate the proposed approach. The optimal actuator successfully generates the desired force/torque and bending angle, while its natural frequency remains within the constrained range. This work highlights the potential of using optimization formulation and approximated nonlinear models to boost the performance and dynamical properties of soft pneumatic actuators.
mSphere of Influence: Retreading old ground—the beauty in multi-omic data sets
Authors: Morgan Ethan L. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Ethan L. Morgan works on human papillomaviruses (HPVs), with a specific interest in identifying how HPV induces tumor formation. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how three papers influenced him. “Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas” (The Cancer Genome Atlas Network, Nature 517:576–582, 2015,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14129
) and “Integrated genomic and molecular characterization of cervical cancer” (The Cancer Genome Atlas Network, Nature 543: 378–384, 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21386
) showed him the power behind comprehensive multi-omic analyses to understand disease biology, while “Human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein targets RNF168 to hijack the host DNA damage response” (J. Sitz et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116:19552–19562, 2019,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906102116
) reinforced how this can be used to undercover potential new drug targets in HPV-associated disease.
Impact of a private sector living wage intervention on depressive symptoms among apparel workers in the Dominican Republic: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Burmaster Katharine B , Landefeld John C , Rehkopf David H , Lahiff Maureen , Sokal-Gutierrez Karen , Adler-Milstein Sarah , Fernald Lia C H 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesPoverty reduction interventions through cash transfers and microcredit have had mixed effects on mental health. In this quasi-experimental study, we evaluate the effect of a living wage intervention on depressive symptoms of apparel factory workers in the Dominican Republic.SettingTwo apparel factories in the Dominican Republic.ParticipantsThe final sample consisted of 204 hourly wage workers from the intervention (99) and comparison (105) factories.InterventionsIn 2010, an apparel factory began a living wage intervention including a 350% wage increase and significant workplace improvements. The wage increase was plausibly exogenous because workers were not aware of the living wage when applying for jobs and expected to be paid the usual minimum wage. These individuals were compared with workers at a similar local factory paying minimum wage, 15–16 months postintervention.Primary outcome measuresWorkers’ depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Ordinary least squares and Poisson regressions were used to evaluate treatment effect of the intervention, adjusted for covariates.ResultsIntervention factory workers had fewer depressive symptoms than comparison factory workers (unadjusted mean CES-D scores: 10.6±9.3 vs 14.7±11.6, p=0.007). These results were sustained when controlling for covariates (β=−5.4, 95% CI −8.5 to −2.3, p=0.001). In adjusted analyses using the standard CES-D clinical cut-off of 16, workers at the intervention factory had a 47% reduced risk of clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms compared with workers at the comparison factory (23% vs 40%).ConclusionsPolicymakers have long grappled with how best to improve mental health among populations in low-income and middle-income countries. We find that providing a living wage and workplace improvements to improve income and well-being in a disadvantaged population is associated with reduced depressive symptoms.
The design of a multicentre Canadian surveillance study of sedation safety in the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Bhatt Maala , Roback Mark G , Joubert Gary , Farion Ken J , Ali Samina , Beno Suzanne , McTimoney C Michelle , Dixon Andrew , Dubrovsky Alexander Sasha , Barrowman Nick , Johnson David W 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionProcedural sedation and analgesia have become standard practice in paediatric emergency departments worldwide. Although generally regarded as safe, serious adverse events such as bradycardia, asystole, pulmonary aspiration, permanent neurological injury and death have been reported, but their incidence is unknown due to the infrequency of their occurrence and lack of surveillance of sedation safety. To improve our understanding of the safety, comparative effectiveness and variation in care in paediatric procedural sedation, we are establishing a multicentre patient registry with the goal of conducting regular and ongoing surveillance for adverse events in procedural sedation.MethodsThis multicentre, prospective cohort study is enrolling patients under 18 years of age from six paediatric emergency departments across Canada. Data collection is fully integrated into clinical care and is performed electronically in real time by the healthcare professionals caring for the patient. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients who experience a serious adverse event as a result of their sedation. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients who experience an adverse event that could lead to a serious adverse event, proportion of patients who receive a significant intervention in response to an adverse event, proportion of patients who experience a successful sedation, and proportion of patients who experience a paradoxical reaction to sedation. There is no predetermined end date for data collection.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from participating sites. Results will be disseminated using a multifaceted knowledge translation strategy by presenting at international conferences, publication in peer-reviewed journals, and through established networks.
Calculations of positron scattering from small molecules
Authors: Mori N. A. , Bray I. , Fursa D. V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recently, convergent close-coupling calculations have been completed for positron scattering from the carbon and oxygen atomic targets. These, together with previously completed calculations for atomic hydrogen, are utilized to perform positron scattering calculations for molecular hydrogen ($$\hbox {H}_2$$

H
2

), molecular oxygen ($$\hbox {O}_2$$

O
2

), diatomic carbon ($$\hbox {C}_2$$

C
2

), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide ($$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

), ozone ($$\hbox {O}_3$$

O
3

), water ($$\hbox {H}_2\hbox {O}$$

H
2

O

), and methane ($$\hbox {CH}_4$$

CH
4

) through a modified independent atom approach. For these molecules, positronium-formation, direct ionization, electron-loss, elastic, total electronic excitation, total inelastic, and total cross sections are obtained for energies between 0.1 and 5000 eV. There is, in general, good agreement between the current results and past experiments for most transitions, particularly at high energies where this approach is expected to be most accurate.

Graphic Abstract