bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do New Zealand children with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis show disease progression?
Authors: Munro Karen A. , Reed Peter W. , Joyce Helen , Perry David , Twiss Jacob , Byrnes Catherine A. , Edwards Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere is minimal literature available on the long‐term outcome of pediatric non‐cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis.AimTo document 5‐year outcomes of children with chest computerized tomography (CT) scan diagnosed bronchiectasis from a tertiary New Zealand (NZ) respiratory clinic.MethodsReview of a clinical database identified 91 children. Demographics, clinical data, lung function, chest X‐ray (CXR), sputum, presumed etiology, admission data, and the NZ deprivation index (NZDep) were collected. Univariate and multivariate regression were used to correlate clinical findings with lung function data and CXR scores using the Brasfield Scoring System.ResultsOf the 91 children, 53 (59%) were Pacific Island, 22 (24%) Maori, 14 (15%) European, and 2 (2%) Other. The median follow‐up period was 6.7 years (range 5.0–15.3 years) and median age at diagnosis was 7.3 years (range 11 months–16 years). Lung function data (n = 64) showed a mean decline of −1.6% predicted/year. In 30 children lung function declined (mean FEV1 −4.4% predicted/year, range 1–17%), remained stable in 13 and improved in 21 children (mean FEV1 of +3% predicted/year, range 1–15%). Reduced lung function was associated with male gender, chronic Haemophilus influenzae infection, longevity of disease, and Maori and Pacific Island ethnicity. There was a significant correlation with FEV1 and CXR score at beginning (n = 47, r = 0.45, P = 0.001) and end (n = 26, r = 0.59, P = 0.002) of the follow‐up period. The only variable consistently related to CXR score was chronic Haemophilus influenzae infection occurring in 27 (30%) (r2 = 0.52, P = <0.0001). Only four children were chronically infected with Pseudomonas species. Six children died.ConclusionIn our experience despite management in a tertiary multidisciplinary bronchiectasis clinic, progression of lung disease continues in a group of children and young adults. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:131–138. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of high‐affinity fully human anti‐interleukin‐8 antibodies from its cDNA by two‐hybrid screening and affinity maturation in yeast
Authors: Ding Ling , Azam Mark , Lin Yu‐Huei , Sheridan James , Wei Shuanghong , Gupta Gigi , Singh Rakesh K. , Pauling Michelle H. , Chu Waihei , Tran Antares , Yu Nai‐Xuan , Hu Jiefeng , Wang Wei , Long Hao , Xiang Dong , Zhu Li , Hua Shao‐Bing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have developed a technology for rapidly generating novel and fully human antibodies by simply using the antigen DNA. A human single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody library was constructed in a yeast two‐hybrid vector with high complexity. After cloning cDNA encoding the mature sequence of human interleukin‐8 (hIL8) into the yeast two‐hybrid system vector, we have screened the human scFv antibody library and obtained three distinct scFv clones that could specifically bind to hIL8. One clone was chosen for further improvement by a novel affinity maturation process using the error‐prone PCR of the scFv sequence followed by additional rounds of yeast two‐hybrid screening. The scFv antibodies of both primary and affinity‐matured scFv clones were expressed in E. coli. All purified scFvs showed specific binding to hIL8 in reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation and ELISA assays. All scFvs, as well as a fully human IgG antibody converted from one of the scFv clones and expressed in the mammalian cells, were able to effectively inhibit hIL8 in neutrophil chemotaxis assays. The technology described can generate fully human antibodies with high efficiency and low cost.
Type‐1 polarized dendritic cells loaded with apoptotic prostate cancer cells are potent inducers of CD8+ T cells against prostate cancer cells and defined prostate cancer‐specific epitopes
Authors: Wieckowski Eva , Chatta Gurkamal S. , Mailliard Robbie M. , Gooding William , Palucka Karolina , Banchereau Jacques , Kalinski Pawel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to develop improved vaccines for patients with recurrent prostate cancer (PCa), we tested the feasibility of using type‐1 polarized dendritic cells (αDC1s) to cross‐present antigens from allogeneic PCa cells and to induce functional CD8+ T cell responses against PCa cells and against defined MHC class I‐restricted PCa‐relevant epitopes.METHODSMonocyte‐derived DCs from PCa patients were matured using the “standard” cytokine cocktail (IL‐1β/TNFα/IL‐6/PGE2) or using the αDC1‐polarizing cocktail (IL‐1β/TNFα/IFNα/IFNγ/poly‐I:C), loaded with UV‐irradiated LNCaP cells, and used to sensitize autologous CD8+ T cells.RESULTSαDC1s from PCa patients secreted 10–30 times higher levels of IL‐12p70 than sDCs. Importantly this elevated capacity for IL‐12p70 secretion was not inhibited by loading with apoptotic tumor cells. Compared to standard DCs, αDC1s induced higher numbers of CD8+ T cells capable of recognizing both the original PCa cells as well as another PCa cell line, DU145, in MHC class I‐restricted fashion. Furthermore, αDC1s induced higher numbers of CD8+ T cells recognizing defined PCa‐specific class I‐restricted peptide epitopes of prostate‐specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase: PAP135–143 (average 49‐fold higher), PAP112–120 (average 24‐fold), PSA141–150 (average 5.5‐fold), and PSA146–154 (average 11‐fold).CONCLUSIONType‐1 polarization of GM‐CSF/IL‐4‐generated DCs enhances their ability to present allogeneic tumor cells and to induce CD8+ T cells recognizing different PCa cells and multiple defined PCa‐specific epitopes. These observations help to develop improved immunotherapies of PCa for patients with different HLA types and lacking autologous tumor material. Prostate 71: 125–133, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computational modeling of laminin N‐terminal domains using sparse distance constraints from disulfide bonds and chemical cross‐linking
Authors: Kalkhof Stefan , Haehn Sebastian , Paulsson Mats , Smyth Neil , Meiler Jens , Sinz Andrea 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBasement membranes are thin extracellular protein layers, which separate endothelial and epithelial cells from the underlying connecting tissue. The main noncollagenous components of basement membranes are laminins, trimeric glycoproteins, which form polymeric networks by interactions of their N‐terminal (LN) domains; however, no high‐resolution structure of laminin LN domains exists so far. To construct models for laminin β1 and γ1 LN domains, 14 potentially suited template structures were determined using fold recognition methods. For each target/template‐combination comparative models were created with Rosetta. Final models were selected based on their agreement with experimentally obtained distance constraints from natural cross‐links, that is, disulfide bonds as well as chemical cross‐links obtained from reactions with two amine‐reactive cross‐linkers. We predict that laminin β1 and γ1 LN domains share the galactose‐binding domain‐like fold.Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A density functional investigation of the reaction mechanism of H2O + HCNO
Authors: Mu Dan , Kong Wei‐Xin , Wang Song 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA theoretical investigation of the H2O + HCNO reaction, which is carried out by means of CCSD(T)/6‐311G(d,p)//B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p)+ZPVE computational method to determine a set of reasonable pathways, there are seven product pathways, Pi with i = 1, 2, …, 7 are involved. It is shown that P1(H2O + NCOH), P2(CO + NH2 + OH), P4(HCN + HO2 + H), and P6(CO + NH2OH) are the major product channels; and P7(HOC + H2 + NO) is the minor product channels, whereas the other channels for P3(HNO + HCOH) and P5(HNO + H2CO) are very minor, the minor product channels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Stress‐induced nanostructures through laser‐assisted scanning probe nanolithography
Authors: Peng Luohan , Zhang Huiliang , Yang Bao , Tang Liqun , Hemmer Philip , Liang Hong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate a methodology using a laser‐assisted scanning probe nanolithography (LASPN) technique to generate organized nanostructures. Experimental approach combined with finite element analysis was utilized to study the interfacial interactions between a gold‐coated probe of an atomic force microscope and a single crystal silicon substrate. Research results proved that the tip temperature had been raised via LASPN to 900 K at a laser power of 12 mW. Nanolines were formed during sliding while the silicon substrate was heated at a laser power of 5 mW. We propose an energy model to explain the phenomenon. SCANNING 32: 327–335, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ascorbate Promotes Epigenetic Activation of CD30 in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Chung Tung-Liang , Turner Jennifer P. , Thaker Nilay Y. , Kolle Gabriel , Cooper-White Justin J. , Grimmond Sean M. , Pera Martin F. , Wolvetang Ernst J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to adapt to various culture conditions. Phenotypic and epigenetic changes brought about by the culture conditions can, however, have significant impacts on their use in research and in clinical applications. Here, we show that diploid hESCs start to express CD30, a biomarker for malignant cells in Hodgkin's disease and embryonal carcinoma cells, when cultured in knockout serum replacement (KOSR)-based medium, but not in fetal calf serum containing medium. We identify the commonly used medium additive, ascorbate, as the sole medium component in KOSR responsible for CD30 induction. Our data show that this epigenetic activation of CD30 expression in hESCs by ascorbate occurs through a dramatic loss of DNA methylation of a CpG island in the CD30 promoter. Analysis of the phenotype and transcriptome of hESCs that overexpress the CD30 signaling domain reveals that CD30 signaling leads to inhibition of apoptosis, enhanced single-cell growth, and transcriptome changes that are associated with cell signaling, lipid metabolism, and tissue development. Collectively, our data show that hESC culture media that contain ascorbate trigger CD30 expression through an epigenetic mechanism and that this provides a survival advantage and transcriptome changes that may help adapt hESCs to in vitro culture conditions.
Novel Hyperactive Transposons for Genetic Modification of Induced Pluripotent and Adult Stem Cells: A Nonviral Paradigm for Coaxed Differentiation
Authors: Belay Eyayu , Mátrai Janka , Acosta-Sanchez Abel , Ma Ling , Quattrocelli Mattia , Mátés Lajos , Sancho-Bru Pau , Geraerts Martine , Yan Bing , Vermeesch Joris , Rincón Melvin Yesid , Samara-Kuko Ermira , Ivics Zoltán , Verfaillie Catherine , Sampaolesi Maurilio , Izsvák Zsuzsanna , VandenDriessche Thierry , Chuah Marinee K. L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) hold great promise for regenerative medicine. The development of robust nonviral approaches for stem cell gene transfer would facilitate functional studies and potential clinical applications. We have previously generated hyperactive transposases derived from Sleeping Beauty, using an in vitro molecular evolution and selection paradigm. We now demonstrate that these hyperactive transposases resulted in superior gene transfer efficiencies and expression in mesenchymal and muscle stem/progenitor cells, consistent with higher expression levels of therapeutically relevant proteins including coagulation factor IX. Their differentiation potential and karyotype was not affected. Moreover, stable transposition could also be achieved in iPS, which retained their ability to differentiate along neuronal, cardiac, and hepatic lineages without causing cytogenetic abnormalities. Most importantly, transposon-mediated delivery of the myogenic PAX3 transcription factor into iPS coaxed their differentiation into MYOD+ myogenic progenitors and multinucleated myofibers, suggesting that PAX3 may serve as a myogenic “molecular switch” in iPS. Hence, this hyperactive transposon system represents an attractive nonviral gene transfer platform with broad implications for regenerative medicine, cell and gene therapy.
Hand‐raising a spectral tarsier (Tarsius tarsier) at the Ueno Zoological Gardens
Authors: Hirota Atsushi , Hara Tatsuko , Hosoda Takahisa , Hashizaki Fumitaka 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOn February 10, 2008, a newborn male spectral tarsier (Tarsius tarsier) was found on the floor of the indoor exhibit room in the Small Mammal House of the Ueno Zoological Gardens. The dam showed no signs of providing maternal care and therefore we decided to hand‐raise the infant. Its birth weight was 18.7 g. We placed the dam and infant in an incubator and gave 12.5–25% formula (for kittens), until the 145th day after birth. We limited the volume of formula intake to avoid excessive intake and to prevent diarrhea. For nutrition enrichment, we added a chicken liver homogenate to the formula 1–3 times per day. The infant was given a sunbath for 10 min on the 28th day. He showed no serious decline in health, except for diarrhea that occurred during the first few days after birth. He ate a small cricket for the first time on the 50th day and easily caught mealworms on his own on the 105th day. Gradual changes in feeding times, formula concentration, and the nutritionally enriched formula were essential for successfully hand‐raising the tarsier. Zoo Biol 30:218–224, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DOES CROP-LIVESTOCK INTEGRATION LEAD TO IMPROVED CROP PRODUCTION IN THE SAVANNA OF WEST AFRICA?
Authors: FRANKE A. C. , BERKHOUT E. D. , IWUAFOR E. N. O. , NZIGUHEBA G. , DERCON G. , VANDEPLAS I. , DIELS J. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIntegrated crop-livestock farming in the Guinea savanna of West Africa is often assumed to lead to synergies between crop and livestock production, thereby improving the overall productivity and resilience of agricultural production. Whether these synergies actually occur remains poorly studied. On-farm trials were conducted in northern Nigeria over a period of four years to assess the agronomic and economic performance of maize-legume systems with and without the integration of livestock (goats). Groundnut-maize rotations with livestock achieved the highest carry-over of nutrients as manure from one season to the next, covering approximately one-third of the expected N, P and K uptake by maize and reducing the demand for synthetic fertilizers. However, the advantage of lower fertilizer costs in rotations with livestock was offset by higher labour costs for manure application and slightly lower values of maize grain. Overall, no clear agronomic or economic benefits for crop production were observed from the combined application of manure and synthetic fertilizer over the application of synthetic fertilizer only, probably because the amounts of manure applied were relatively small. Legume-maize rotations achieved higher cereal yields, a better response to labour and fertilizer inputs, and a higher profitability than maize-based systems with no or only a small legume component, irrespective of the presence of livestock. Livestock at or near the farm could nevertheless make legume cultivation economically more attractive by increasing the value of legume haulms. The results suggested that factors other than crop benefits, e.g. livestock providing tangible and non-tangible benefits and opportunities for animal traction, could be important drivers for the ongoing integration of crop and livestock production in the savanna.
WILLIAM A. WILLIAMS'S TRAGEDY FIFTY YEARS ON
Authors: KAMPMARK BINOY 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTFifty years have passed since the publication of The tragedy of American Diplomacy, the seminal work by New Left scholar William Appleman Williams. The work fired off one of the most important salvos of historical revisionism, heralding the arrival of the ‘Wisconsin School’ of American historiography. In examining the expansionist and consuming tendencies of American power and capital, Williams ushered in a movement which has left an enduring mark. Despite attacks on its credibility and an assortment of drawbacks, Tragedy remains a strong antidote to triumphalist narratives of American history, and pressingly important in the current political climate.
PRINTED QUESTIONNAIRES, RESEARCH NETWORKS, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE BRITISH ISLES, 1650–1800
Authors: FOX ADAM 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis article examines the circulation of printed questionnaires as a research strategy among those investigating the constituent parts of the British Isles between the mid-seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries. It traces the origins and development of published ‘heads’ or ‘articles of enquiry’ as a means of acquiring information on antiquities, geography, and natural history and pieces together the research networks through which this methodology was shared and elaborated. The learned societies, ecclesiastical infrastructure, and periodical publications of the day are shown to have been instrumental in promoting this practice and in forging links between scholars and the ‘learned and ingenious’ in the parishes to whom such ‘queries’ were addressed. It is argued that these questionnaires were an important and insufficiently appreciated aspect of regional studies during the period. Though the responses to them are shown to have been highly variable, both in quantity and quality, it is suggested that they helped to establish what has become an important technique of data collection in modern academic inquiry.
LEISURE AND THE USE OF DOMESTIC SPACE IN GEORGIAN LONDON
Authors: HELLER BENJAMIN 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis article examines leisure in eighteenth-century London and argues that historians have exaggerated the importance of public, commercial leisure at the expense of leisure in the home. The domestic sphere was the primary scene of leisure for men and women of propertied society. In tandem with this examination of leisure I argue that our frameworks for understanding the use of domestic space fail to capture both the significance of particular rooms and the variety of uses for individual rooms. The failings of the public/private framework are well known, but scholars have thus far failed to develop successful alternatives. From diaries, letters, and inventories conclusions may be drawn about the habitual uses of space, but letters and diaries also provide evidence of how room use varied depending on time of day, activities pursued or people undertaking those activities. I present several variables that residents used to determine where and with whom different activities were taken. Meanings of spaces were contingent upon a mix of qualities constantly re-assessed by residents and guests.
HANNAH LAWRANCE AND THE CLAIMS OF WOMEN'S HISTORY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND
Authors: DABBY BENJAMIN 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe historian, Hannah Lawrance (1795–1875), played an important role in nineteenth-century public debate about women's education. Like Catharine Macaulay and Mary Wollstonecraft, she argued that virtue had no sex and she promoted the broad education of women in order to increase their opportunities for employment. But unlike her bluestocking predecessors, she derived her argument from a scholarly reappraisal of women's history. Whereas the Strickland sisters' Tory Romantic histories celebrated the Tudor and Stuart eras in particular, Lawrance's ‘olden time’ celebrated the medieval period. This is when she located England's civilizational progress, driven by the education of queens and the wider state of women's education, allowing her to evade the potential conflict of a feminine creature in a manly role. Using the condition of women to measure the peaks and troughs of civilization was a familiar approach to historical writing, but Lawrance's radical argument was that women were often responsible for England's progress, rather than passive bystanders. Her emphasis on women's contribution to public life complemented the Whig-nationalist narrative and secured her a high reputation across a range of political periodicals. Above all, it appealed to other liberal reformers such as Thomas Hood, Charles Wentworth Dilke, and Robert Vaughan, who shared Lawrance's commitment to social reform and helped to secure a wide audience for her historical perspective.
Magnetic electron-drift vortex modes in an inhomogeneous quantum plasma
Authors: NAEEM ISMAT , MIRZA ARSHAD M. , MASOOD W. , FARID T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDispersion relation for the low-frequency magnetic electron-drift vortex (MEDV) mode in an inhomogeneous dense quantum plasma has been derived. New class of purely growing instabilities are found to exist on a time scale of the order of ion plasma period. We found that the MEDV mode become unstable when the propagation direction is perpendicular to the equilibrium density gradients. We believe that the present investigation would be useful to understand the wave phenomena and in the study of magnetic field generation in laser-produced plasmas as well as in dense space plasmas, where quantum effects are expected to play a dominant role.
On the quantum space–time structure of light
Authors: GUERREIRO A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe extend the quantum theory of Time Refraction for a generic spatial and temporal modulation of the optical properties of a medium, such as a dielectric or a gravitational field. The derivation of the local Bogoliubov transformations relating the global electromagnetic modes (valid over the entire span of space and time) with the local modes (valid for the vicinity of each spatial and temporal position) is presented and used in the evaluation of vacuum photon creation by the optical modulations of the medium. We use this approach to relate and review the results of different quantum effects such as the dynamical Casimir effect, space and Time Refraction, the Unruh effect and radiation from superluminal non-accelerated optical boundaries.
Instability of plasma waves caused by incoherent photons in dense plasmas
Authors: SHUKLA P. K. , STENFLO L. , BINGHAM R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe consider the nonlinear instability of modified Langmuir and ion–sound waves caused by partially coherent photons in dense quantum plasmas. In our model, the dynamics of the photons is governed by a wave kinetic equation. The evolution equations for the Langmuir and ion–sound waves are deduced from the quantum hydrodynamic equations accounting for the incoherent photon pressure, the quantum statistical electron pressure, and the quantum Bohm force acting on the degenerate electrons. The governing equations are Fourier analyzed to obtain nonlinear dispersion relations. The latter are analyzed to predict instability of the modified Langmuir and ion–sound waves in the presence of partially coherent photons. Possible applications of our investigation to the next generation of intense laser–solid dense plasma experiments and compact dense astrophysical bodies are mentioned.