bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial variations in spectral reflectance and characteristics of surface dust on Gulkana Glacier, Alaska Range
Authors: Takeuchi Nozomu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSpectral reflectances in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range (350–1050 nm) were measured on the surface of Gulkana Glacier, Alaska Range, Alaska, USA, at six different elevations from May to September 2001. The measurements showed variable spectral reflectances on the glacier surface, and the spectra changed over time and elevation. The spectra in May were those of a typical wet snow surface: the reflectance ranged approximately from 0.4 to 0.8, and generally decreased as the wavelength increased. As snowmelt proceeded, the reflectance gradually fell, and specific absorptions appeared in the spectrum at wavelength ranges of 400–600 and 670–680 nm, corresponding to a red snow surface due to snow algal bloom. As the ice surface was exposed, the spectrum finally shifted to a lower (0.1–0.4) and flat reflectance curve, typical of an ice surface contaminated with dust. Analyses of the dust on the glacier surface showed that its quantity and characteristics changed spatially and seasonally and were correlated with spectral albedo. The results showed that the temporal and spatial variations in spectral reflectance on this glacier are due not only to physical properties of the glacier surface, but also to biogenic materials on the surface (e.g red-colored snow algal cells and cryoconite).
The impact of accumulation rate on anisotropy and air permeability of polar firn at a high-accumulation site
Authors: Hörhold Maria W. , Albert Mary R. , Freitag Johannes 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe first three-dimensional properties of polar firn obtained by X-ray microtomography are used to study the microstructure of snow on a 15 m deep firn core from West Antarctica. The snow is found to undergo coarsening down to approximately 2.5 m depth before grain growth and densification become the prevalent mechanisms of microstructure change. In contrast to previous assumptions, distinct anisotropy of the ice and pore geometry is observed throughout the profile, with a maximum at 2.5 m depth. The air permeability and the degree of anisotropy vary with depth and can be linked to short-term changes in accumulation rate via the residence time for which a certain snow layer stays in the uppermost 2.5 m. Patterns of the degree of anisotropy and air permeability of buried polar firn are relative indicators of past accumulation rates.
Medical Home 2009: What It Is, Where We Were, and Where We Are Today
Authors: Homer Charles J. , Cooley W. Carl , Strickland Bonnie 
Published: September 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Delineate the changing epidemiology of disease states in children and describe model systems for chronic illness care and prevention.

2.
Identify some of the controversies surrounding the medical home model and the critical components necessary for successful transformation to the medical home model.

3.
Explain how state and federal policy must change in order for the medical home model to flourish and succeed in the near future.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of a Sputnik-Like Intraocular Lens 28 Years After Implantation
Authors: Ferrer Consuelo , Abu-Mustafa Sabat K. , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
To report a pupil-supported, iris-clip intraocular lens (IOL) that was explanted more than 28 years after implantation.

Methods:
A pupil-supported, iris-clip, Sputnik-like IOL was implanted in the left eye of a 33-year-old man to correct aphakia after extracapsular cataract extraction due to trauma.

Results:
Twenty-eight years after implantation, the patient was referred to our center with loss of vision. Clinical examination showed dislocation of the IOL, which was subsequently explanted. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed a transparent, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), pupil-supported, iris-clip IOL with melanosomes and cell deposits (foreign-body reaction) on its surface.

Conclusions:

This case demonstrates the inertness of PMMA material and reports that a foreign body reaction can be induced following IOL dislocation 28 years after implantation. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:788–791.]
Traumatic Corneal Flap Dehiscence 6 Years After LASIK
Authors: Iskeleli Güzin , Ozkok Ahmet , Cicik Erdogan 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
To report a case of LASIK flap dehiscence caused by blunt trauma 6 years after uneventful refractive surgery.

Methods:
A 32-year-old man presented 3 hours after being struck by a carton edge in his left cornea, causing dehiscence of the LASIK flap.

Results:
At initial examination, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/200 in the left eye. Minimal flap dehiscence was seen on the inferior corneal quadrant. A therapeutic bandage soft contact lens was placed and topical medical therapy was administered. Ten days after trauma, UCVA was 20/50 and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in the left eye. At 7-month follow-up, the patient's clinical status did not change.

Conclusions:

Blunt corneal trauma occurring several years after uneventful LASIK may cause corneal flap dehiscence. Appropriate and prompt treatment usually is successful. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:787–788.]
Artisan Phakic Intraocular Lens in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Venter Jan 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
To assess the safety, efficacy, predictability, and refractive outcome of implanting Ophtec Artisan phakic intraocular lenses (pIOLs) in eyes with keratoconus.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, 18 eyes of 11 patients diagnosed with keratoconus who underwent toric or myopic pIOL implantation were followed for 1 year postoperatively. Mean patient age was 41±10.97 years (range: 23 to 64 years). Preoperative manifest refractive sphere was −4.64±2.74 diopters (D) (range: −9.75 to 0.00 D) and cylinder was −3.07±2.04 D (range: −7.75 to −0.50 D). Inclusion criteria were preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) of 0.30 or better and stable refraction (⩽0.50-D change in manifest refraction spherical equivalent [MRSE] yearly). Refractive outcomes and endothelial cell counts were analyzed primarily for 6-month follow-up and when available for 1-year follow-up.

Results:

The mean postoperative MRSE was −0.46±0.60 D (range: −1.88 to 0.13 D). Twenty-two percent (4/18) of eyes had an uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 1.0 or better and 94% (17/18) of eyes had a UCVA of 0.63 or better. Sixty-one percent (11/18) of eyes had an MRSE within ±0.50 D of the intended correction and 72% (13/18) of eyes gained one or more lines of BSCVA and no eyes lost lines of BSCVA. Mean endothelial cell counts decreased by 23 cells/mm
2
at 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:

The implantation of Artisan iris-fixated pIOLs in patients with stable keratoconus for correction of astigmatism and myopia is safe, predictable, and effective with minimal complications. Due to the progressive nature of keratoconus, proper patient counseling is necessary. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:759–764.]
Comparison of the Visian ICL and Verisyse Phakic Intraocular Lenses for Myopia From 6.00 to 20.00 Diopters
Authors: Boxer Wachler Brian S. , Scruggs Ryan T. , Yuen Leonard H. , Jalali Shahrokh 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
To compare visual and refractive outcomes between the Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) and Verisyse phakic intraocular lens.

Methods:

Comparative interventional case series for myopia between 6.00 and 20.00 diopters (D). Thirty consecutive eyes of 16 patients had a Visian ICL implanted and 31 consecutive eyes of 19 patients had the Verisyse lens implanted. Outcomes measured at 3 months postoperatively included uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and refractive predictability as well as adverse events. Preoperatively, the groups were no different in regard to age (
P
=.72) and spherical equivalent refraction (
P
=.38).

Results:

Postoperative UCVA of 20/20 or better and 20/25 or better in the Visian ICL group was 67% and 96%, respectively, compared to 63% and 79%, respectively, in the Verisyse lens group (
P
=.10). Binocular UCVA of 20/20 or better and 20/25 or better in the Visian ICL group was 92% and 100%, respectively, and in the Verisyse group, 70% and 80%, respectively (
P
=.007). One and two lines gain of postoperative BSCVA in the Visian ICL group was 40% and 10%, respectively, which was statistically significantly better than the Verisyse group of 16% and 6%, respectively (
P
=.025). Postoperative deviation from target refraction was 0.038±0.39 D in the Visian ICL group and −0.38±0.89 D in the Verisyse lens group (
P
=.018).

Conclusions:

Monocular UCVA was similar for both groups, whereas binocular UCVA was better in the Visian ICL group. The Visian ICL group had more accurate refractive outcomes than the Verisyse lens group. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:765–770.]
Riboflavin-UVA Treatment in the Management of Edema and Nonhealing Ulcers of the Cornea
Authors: Ehlers Niels , Hjortdal Jesper , Nielsen Kim , Søndergaard Anders 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:Riboflavin-ultraviolet A (UVA) treatment induces cross-linking and stiffens the corneal stroma. A parallel reduction in stromal swelling and increased resistance to microbial and enzymatic degradation has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of riboflavin-UVA treatment in the management of corneal disorders, in particular edema due to endothelial decompensation and non-healing ulcers.Methods:Two clinical series are reported, 11 eyes with endothelial decompensation and 14 eyes with non-healing ulcers. Treatment comprised a) abrasion of epithelium (if present), b) instillation of 0.1% riboflavin in saline, and c) irradiation at 365 nm UVA light over approximately 30 minutes (3 mW/cm2). Four eyes in the first group were treated twice. Postoperatively, all eyes were followed for at least 3 months.Results:Reduction in corneal thickness was observed in 10 of 11 eyes with stromal edema and the majority also experienced improvement in vision. The effect occurred over weeks and lasted for months. Fourteen patients with non-healing ulceration were similarly treated; 6 healed, 8 showed no clear effect.Conclusions:In addition to the stiffening of keratoconic and ectatic cornea, riboflavin-UVA treatment is effective in reducing corneal edema and has the potential to heal corneal ulcers. [J Refract Surg. 2009;25: S803–S806.]
Simultaneous Topography-guided PRK Followed by Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Kontadakis Georgios A. , Kounis George A. , Portaliou Dimitra M. , Karavitaki Alexandra E. , Magarakis Michael , Yoo Sonia , Pallikaris Ioannis G. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
To present the results after simultaneous photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) followed by corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus.

Methods:
Twelve patients (14 eyes) with progressive keratoconus were prospectively treated with customized topography-guided PRK with the Pulzar Z1 (wavelength 213 nm, CustomVis) immediately followed by corneal collagen CXL with the use of riboflavin and ultraviolet A irradiation.

Results:

Mean follow-up was 10.69±5.95 months (range: 3 to 16 months). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was −3.03±3.23 diopters (D) and defocus was 4.67±3.29 D; at last follow-up SE and defocus were statistically significantly reduced to −1.29±2.05 D and 3.04±2.53 D, respectively (
P
<.01). Preoperative mean (logMAR) uncorrected visual acuity was 0.99±0.81 and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 0.21±0.19, which improved postoperatively to 0.16±0.15 and 0.11±0.15, respectively. The mean steepest keratometry was reduced from 48.20±3.40 D preoperatively to 45.13±1.80 D at last follow-up.

Conclusions:

Simultaneous PRK followed by CXL seems to be a promising treatment capable of offering functional vision in patients with keratoconus. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S807–S811.]
Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Ectasia After Excimer Laser Refractive Surgery: 1-Year Results
Authors: Vinciguerra Paolo , Camesasca Fabrizio I. , Albè Elena , Trazza Silvia 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:To evaluate the 1-year results of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in eyes with postoperative excimer laser refractive surgery corneal ectasia.Methods:Thirteen eyes of 9 consecutive patients who had undergone excimer laser refractive surgery (photorefractive keratectomy [n=3], LASIK [n=10]) with resultant unstable corneal ectasia underwent CXL with photosensitizing riboflavin 0.1% solution and subsequent exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Study eyes underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, endothelial specular microscopy, corneal topography, and aberrometry as well as central pachymetry and Scheimpflug-based topo/tomography preoperatively and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals.Results:Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) improvement was statistically significant (P<.05) beyond 6 months after surgery (improvement of 0.1 logMAR at 1 year). Mean spherical equivalent refraction and mean refractive sphere reduction (improvement of 1.40 and 1.44 diopters [D], respectively) were statistically significant (P<.05) at 6 months postoperatively. At 1 year after CXL, mean endothelial cell count and keratometry (average SimK decrease of 2.02 D) as well as Klyce and Ambrósio indices did not deteriorate. Coma and spherical aberration did not change significantly. Mean pupil center pachymetry and corneal thickness at 0 and 2 mm from the thinnest corneal point decreased significantly.Conclusions:One year after surgery, CXL appears to stabilize eyes with ectasia consequent to excimer laser refractive surgery and improve BSCVA.
Analysis of Actual Corneal Flap Thickness and Confounding Factors Between First and Second Operated Eyes
Authors: Hsu Sheng-Yao , Chen Hsin-Yi , Chung Chin-Pin 
Published: September 2009

Background and Objective:
To calculate the actual corneal flap thickness during laser in-situ keratomileusis.

Patients and Methods:
Fifty-four women and 26 men with refractive error were enrolled in the study. Flaps were created using a MK-2000 microkeratome (Nidek, Gamagori, Japan) with a 130-µm head. The comparisons between both operated eyes of a patient and the correlations between flap thickness and confounding factors were analyzed.

Results:

The average flap thicknesses were 134.0 ± 16.5 and 112.3 ± 14.4 µm in the first and second operated eye groups, respectively, and the data showed a significant difference between the two groups (
P
< .001). There were positive correlations between central corneal thickness and flap thickness (first group,
P
= .017; second group,
P
= .041).

Conclusion:
The flap thicknesses of the first operated eye group were thicker than those of the second operated eye group and there was a positive correlation between the flap thickness and central corneal thickness. The coefficient of variation of the flap thickness was greater in the second group than in the first group.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:448–452.]
The mating system of the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
Authors: Guo Songtao , Ji Weihong , Li Ming , Chang Hongli , Li Baoguo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article reports the first genetic study of the mating system of the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana), an endemic and endangered species in China. The investigation was carried out in a population (WRT) in the Qinling Mountains using data from both field observation and paternity analysis through microsatellite DNA profiling. During a mating season, a male on an average copulated with 5.7 females. Approximately 18% of the females were observed to copulate with more than one male over the study period. The majority of copulations (94.5%) were initiated by females. Twenty‐eight of 430 observed matings were extra‐unit copulations. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were used for paternity analysis. The number of alleles at each locus ranged from 3 to 7 (mean=4.3). Observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.32 and 0.79. None of the loci showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Results from paternity exclusion showed that 12 of 21 (57.1%) immature individuals were sired by extra‐unit males. Although the basic social unit of snub‐nosed monkeys is consistent with a polygynous mating system, both field observation and genetic data suggests that their mating system is polygamous. Infanticide and inbreeding avoidance are the most likely explanations for the promiscuity of female snub‐nosed monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 72:25–32, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poly(2‐oxazoline): eine Polymerklasse mit vielfältigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDie lebende kationische Ringöffnungspolymerisation von 2‐Oxazolinen ist seit ihrer Entdeckung 1966 eingehend untersucht worden. Die Vielseitigkeit der lebenden Polymerisation ermöglicht die Copolymerisation verschiedener 2‐Oxazolin‐Monomere zu Polymeren mit einstellbaren Eigenschaften; so lassen sich z. B. hydrophile, hydrophobe, fluorophile sowie harte und weiche Materialien erhalten. Allerdings geriet diese Polymerklasse wegen der langen Reaktionszeiten und ihrer beschränkten Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren fast in Vergessenheit. Im neuen Jahrtausend erlebten die Poly(2‐oxazoline) jedoch einen neuen Aufschwung wegen ihrer möglichen Verwendung als Biomaterialien oder thermoresponsive Stoffe sowie dank der Tatsache, dass sie einen leichten Zugang zu definierten amphiphilen Strukturen für die (hierarchische) Selbstorganisation eröffnen. In diesem Aufsatz werden neue Entwicklungen beschrieben, die das Potenzial der Poly(2‐oxazoline) demonstrieren. Außerdem wird die vielversprechende Kombination von Poly(2‐oxazolinen) mit der Klickchemie diskutiert.
Construction of emergency management system for fatal environmental pollution accidents in China
Authors: Zeng Weihua , Chai Ying , Wei Jing 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCurrently, China's rapidly developing economy as well as increasingly expanding urbanization and industrialization gives birth to not only prosperity but also many hidden troubles, among which are fatal environmental pollution accidents (FEPAs) caused during the manufacturing process. Frequent FEPAs have seriously threatened the economic development and personal security and restricted the sustainable development in China. To respond to frequent FEPAs in China, the authors analyzed the inducements to FEPAs and identified the responsibilities of environmental protection departments. Furthermore, the authors put forward a basic framework for emergency management system (EMS) by reference to the successful experiences overseas and proposed some suggestions. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bilirubin removal from albumin‐containing solutions: dynamic adsorption on anionic resin
Authors: Piemonte V. , Turchetti L. , Annesini M. C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this paper, kinetics of unconjugated bilirubin adsorption in fixed‐bed anionic resin columns was investigated. Experimental breakthrough curves were determined at different feed flow rates and using inlet solutions with different bilirubin and albumin concentrations. A mathematical model is provided to describe the effect of albumin on bilirubin adsorption equilibrium and kinetics in a fixed‐bed column.Breakthrough curves show that a significant bilirubin concentration is present in the column outlet stream even in the early operating time. This result shows that, with the flowrates used in this work, adsorption is slow with respect to the axial convection in the column and, as a consequence, bilirubin is never completely removed from the liquid phase.The results obtained in this paper may be useful for the design of liver support devices such as Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS), which implement anion‐exchange columns to remove albumin‐bound toxins from concentrated albumin solutions. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonisothermal crystallization, melting behavior, and morphology of PP/EPPE blends
Authors: Qin Jianglei , Li Zhiting 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNonisothermal crystallization, melting behavior, and morphology of polypropylene (PP)/Easy processing polyethylene (EPPE) blends were studied by differential scanning alorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that PP and EPPE are miscible, and there is no obvious phase separation in microphotographs of the blends. The modified Avrami analysis, Ozawa equation, and also Mo Z.S. method were used to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of the blends. Values of Avrami exponent indicated the crystallization nucleation of the blends is homogeneous, the growth of spherulites is tridimensional, and crystallization mechanism of PP is not affected much by EPPE. The crystallization activation energy was estimated by Kissinger method. The result obtained from modified Avrami analysis, Mo Z.S. method, and Kissinger methods were well agreed. The addition of minor EPPE phase favored to decrease the overall crystallization rate of PP, showing some dilution effect of EPPE on PP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Neuroanatomy and Volumes of Brain Structures of a Live California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) From Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Montie Eric W. , Pussini Nicola , Schneider Gerald E. , Battey Thomas W.K. , Dennison Sophie , Barakos Jerome , Gulland Frances 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) has been a focal point for sensory, communication, cognition, and neurological disease studies in marine mammals. However, as a scientific community, we lack a noninvasive approach to investigate the anatomy and size of brain structures in this species and other free‐ranging, live marine mammals. In this article, we provide the first anatomically labeled, magnetic resonance imaging‐based atlas derived from a live marine mammal, the California sea lion. The brain of the California seal lion contained more secondary gyri and sulci than the brains of terrestrial carnivores. The olfactory bulb was present but small. The hippocampus of the California sea lion was found mostly in the ventral position with very little extension dorsally, quite unlike the canids and the mustelids, in which the hippocampus is present in the ventral position but extends dorsally above the thalamus. In contrast to the canids and the mustelids, the pineal gland of the California sea lion was strikingly large. In addition, we report three‐dimensional reconstructions and volumes of cerebrospinal fluid, cerebral ventricles, total white matter (WM), total gray matter (GM), cerebral hemispheres (WM and GM), cerebellum and brainstem combined (WM and GM), and hippocampal structures all derived from magnetic resonance images. These measurements are the first to be determined for any pinniped species. In California sea lions, this approach can be used not only to relate cognitive and sensory capabilities to brain size but also to investigate the neurological effects of exposure to neurotoxins such as domoic acid. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.