bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density-dependent reductions in grasshopper fecundity in response to nematode parasitism
Authors: Laws Angela Nardoni 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGrasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are hosts to many internal parasites, including nematodes. However, the effects of nematode parasitism on grasshopper fecundity and how these effects vary with population density are unclear. I report on the fecundity of Melanoplus dawsoni (Scudder) infected and uninfected with mermithid nematodes in northern Wisconsin from 2002 to 2005. Each year grasshoppers were stocked over a range of five densities into field enclosures. Fecundity, body size, and nematode prevalence were measured for female grasshoppers. Nematode prevalence was moderately high, ranging from 15% in 2003 to 37% in 2004. Fecundity was measured by examining grasshopper reproductive tracts. On average, past reproductive activity (number of eggs laid) and current reproductive activity (number of eggs forming) of parasitized grasshoppers were reduced by 40% and 48%, respectively. Interestingly, the reduction in fecundity was less for parasitized females in the low-density treatments (25%-50% of field density) than for those in the moderate- and high-density treatments, suggesting that grasshoppers can compensate somewhat for negative effects of parasites on fecundity when per-capita resources are high. No difference in hind-femur length between parasitized and unparasitized females was observed, indicating that nematode infection did not affect grasshopper body size.
Non-destructive tree-trunk funnel trap for capturing Hylobius warreni (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ascending stems of trees
Authors: Björklund Niklas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple and inexpensive non-destructive trap to catch insects as they ascend tree boles is described. The trap was tested in a capture–mark–recapture experiment on the Warren root collar weevil, Hylobius warreni Wood. A high percentage (77%) of marked H. warreni were recaptured at least once during a 12-day period and 54% were recaptured more than once, with one weevil recaptured eight times.
Convex Bodies of Minimal Volume, Surface Area and Mean Width with Respect to Thin Shells
Authors: Böröczky Károly , Böröczky Károly J. , Schütt Carsten , Wintsche Gergely 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGiven r > 1, we consider convex bodies in En which contain a fixed unit ball, and whose extreme points are of distance at least r from the centre of the unit ball, and we investigate how well these convex bodies approximate the unit ball in terms of volume, surface area and mean width. As r tends to one, we prove asymptotic formulae for the error of the approximation, and provide good estimates on the involved constants depending on the dimension.
Higher Order Tangents to Analytic Varieties along Curves. II
Authors: Braun Rüdiger W. , Meise Reinhold , Taylor B. A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLet V be an analytic variety in some open set in ℂn. For a real analytic curve γ with γ(0) = 0 and d ≥ 1, define Vt = t−d(V − γ(t)). It was shown in a previous paper that the currents of integration over Vt converge to a limit current whose support Tγ,δV is an algebraic variety as t tends to zero. Here, it is shown that the canonical defining function of the limit current is the suitably normalized limit of the canonical defining functions of the Vt. As a corollary, it is shown that Tγ,δV is either inhomogeneous or coincides with Tγ,δV for all δ in some neighborhood of d. As another application it is shown that for surfaces only a finite number of curves lead to limit varieties that are interesting for the investigation of Phragmén-Lindelöf conditions. Corresponding results for limit varieties Tσ,δW of algebraic varieties W along real analytic curves tending to infinity are derived by a reduction to the local case.
Constructing Galois Representations with Very Large Image
Authors: Ramakrishna Ravi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStarting with a 2-dimensional mod p Galois representation, we construct a deformation to a power series ring in infinitely many variables over the p-adics. The image of this representation is full in the sense that it contains SL2 of this power series ring. Furthermore, all Zp specializations of this deformation are potentially semistable at p.
Periodicity in Rank 2 Graph Algebras
Authors: Davidson Kenneth R. , Yang Dilian 
Published: November 2009

Abstract Kumjian and Pask introduced an aperiodicity condition for higher rank graphs. We present a detailed analysis of when this occurs in certain rank 2 graphs. When the algebra is aperiodic, we give another proof of the simplicity of C*(𝔽+θ). The periodic C*-algebras are characterized, and it is shown that C*(𝔽+θ) ≃ C(𝕋) ⊗ 𝒰 where 𝒰 is a simple C*-algebra.
Tail Bounds for the Stable Marriage of Poisson and Lebesgue
Authors: Hoffman Christopher , Holroyd Alexander E. , Peres Yuval 
Published: November 2009

Abstract Let 𝚵 be a discrete set in ℝd. Call the elements of 𝚵 centers. The well-known Voronoi tessellation partitions ℝd into polyhedral regions (of varying volumes) by allocating each site of ℝd to the closest center. Here we study allocations of ℝd to 𝚵 in which each center attempts to claima region of equal volume α.We focus on the case where 𝚵 arises from a Poisson process of unit intensity. In an earlier paper by the authors it was proved that there is a unique allocation which is stable in the sense of the Gale–Shapley marriage problem. We study the distance X from a typical site to its allocated center in the stable allocation.The model exhibits a phase transition in the appetite α. In the critical case α = 1 we prove a power law upper bound on X in dimension d = 1. (Power law lower bounds were proved earlier for all d). In the non-critical cases α < 1 and α > 1 we prove exponential upper bounds on X.
Traces, Cross-Ratios and 2-Generator Subgroups of SU(2, 1)
Authors: Will Pierre 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this work, we investigate how to decompose a pair (A,B) of loxodromic isometries of the complex hyperbolic planeH2𝕔under the formA=I1I2andB=I3I2, where theIk's are involutions. The main result is a decomposability criterion, which is expressed in terms of traces of elements of the group ‹A,B›.
Psychopathy and Axis I psychiatric disorders among criminal offenders: relationships to impulsive and proactive aggression
Authors: Swogger Marc T. , Walsh Zach , Houston Rebecca J. , Cashman‐Brown Sarah , Conner Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBoth psychopathology and aggression are heterogeneous constructs. Determining which forms of psychopathology relate to risk for different classes of aggressive behavior has implications for risk recognition and management. This study examined the relationships of impulsive aggression (IA) and proactive aggression (PA) to psychopathy and symptoms of several Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Axis I disorders in a sample of criminal offenders. Results replicated prior findings from community samples of a broad relationship between psychopathology and IA. PA was related only to psychopathy. An interaction was found whereby IA was associated with impulsive–antisocial traits of psychopathy only for individuals with moderate to high levels of generalized anxiety. Results indicate that assessing and treating several Axis I disorders in offenders may decrease risk for IA. Moreover, current findings raise the possibility that generalized anxiety is a key, modifiable component of the relationship between IA and impulsive–antisocial traits. Aggr. Behav. 36:45–53, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐Performance Multifunctional TiO2 Nanowire Ultrafiltration Membrane with a Hierarchical Layer Structure for Water Treatment
Authors: Zhang Xiwang , Zhang Tong , Ng Jiawei , Sun Darren Delai 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA novel, multifunctional TiO2 nanowire ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with a layered hierarchical structure is made via alkaline hydrothermal synthesis, followed by a filtration and hot‐press process. The TiO2 UF membrane has high surface porosity (21.3%) and pore size values around 20 nm. The membrane possesses multifunctional capabilities under UV irradiation, such as anti‐fouling, anti‐bacterial, concurrent separation, and photocatalytic oxidation. The unique properties of the membrane indicate its potential in applications for environmental purification.
The Intermediate Band Solar Cell: Progress Toward the Realization of an Attractive Concept
Authors: Luque Antonio , Martí Antonio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe intermediate band (IB) solar cell has been proposed to increase the current of solar cells while at the same time preserving the output voltage in order to produce an efficiency that ideally is above the limit established by Shockley and Queisser in 1961. The concept is described and the present realizations and acquired understanding are explained. Quantum dots are used to make the cells but the efficiencies that have been achieved so far are not yet satisfactory. Possible ways to overcome the issues involved are depicted. Alternatively, and against early predictions, IB alloys have been prepared and cells that undoubtedly display the IB behavior have been fabricated, although their efficiency is still low. Full development of this concept is not trivial but it is expected that once the development of IB solar cells is fully mastered, IB solar cells should be able to operate in tandem in concentrators with very high efficiencies or as thin cells at low cost with efficiencies above the present ones.
Transesterification for biodiesel production catalyzed by combined lipases: Optimization and kinetics
Authors: Liu Yun , Yan Yunjun , Hu Fang , Yao An'na , Wang Zhicheng , Wei Fuxiang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPreparation of biodiesel from waste cooking oil catalyzed by combined lipases in tert‐butanol medium was investigated. Several crucial parameters affecting biodiesel yield were optimized by response surface methodology, such as dosage of combined lipases of Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TLIM, weight ratio of Novozym 435 to Lipozyme TLIM, amount of tert‐butanol, reaction temperature, and molar ratio of oil to methanol. Under the optimized conditions, the highest biodiesel yield was up to 83.5% The proposed model on biodiesel yield had a satisfactory coefficient of R2 (= 94.02%), and was experimentally verified. The combined lipases exhibited high‐operational stability. After 30 cycles (300 h) successively, the activity of combined lipases maintained 85% of its original activity. A reaction kinetic model was proposed to describe the system and deduced to be a pseudo‐first‐order reaction, and the calculated activation energy was 51.71 kJ/mol. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Separation of fullerenes C60 and C70 using a crystallization‐based process
Authors: Kwok Kui S. , Chan Yik C. , Ng Ka M. , Wibowo Christianto 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA crystallization‐based process that separates pure fullerenes C60 and C70 from their mixture using o‐xylene as the solvent has been developed. Isothermal solid–liquid equilibrium phase diagrams of the C60‐C70‐o‐xylene ternary system for a number of temperatures were first determined at 1 atm. Taking advantage of the shift in solvent‐free composition of the C60‐C70 double saturation point with temperature and based on the solid solution‐forming phase behavior between C60 and C70, the flowsheet of a general crystallization process was then synthesized. It involved the fractionation of a C60‐C70 fullerene mixture into C60‐rich and C70‐rich solid solutions using temperature‐swing crystallization, followed by purification of the solid solutions with multistage crystallization into pure C60 and C70 solids. To demonstrate process feasibility, bench‐scale batch experiments were performed using a commercially available fullerene mixture that was pretreated by adsorption to remove higher fullerenes. C60 and C70 solids of purity higher than 99 wt % were obtained. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Brief communication: Forelimb compliance in arboreal and terrestrial opossums
Authors: Schmitt Daniel , Gruss Laura T. , Lemelin Pierre 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrimates display high forelimb compliance (increased elbow joint yield) compared to most other mammals. Forelimb compliance, which is especially marked among arboreal primates, moderates vertical oscillations of the body and peak vertical forces and may represent a basal adaptation of primates for locomotion on thin, flexible branches. However, Larney and Larson (Am J Phys Anthropol 125 [2004] 42–50) reported that marsupials have forelimb compliance comparable to or greater than that of most primates, but did not distinguish between arboreal and terrestrial marsupials. If forelimb compliance is functionally linked to locomotion on thin branches, then elbow yield should be highest in marsupials relying on arboreal substrates more often. To test this hypothesis, we compared forelimb compliance between two didelphid marsupials, Caluromys philander (an arboreal opossum relying heavily on thin branches) and Monodelphis domestica (an opossum that spends most of its time on the ground). Animals were videorecorded while walking on a runway or a horizontal 7‐mm pole. Caluromys showed higher elbow yield (greater changes in degrees of elbow flexion) on both substrates, similar to that reported for arboreal primates. Monodelphis was characterized by lower elbow yield that was intermediate between the values reported by Larney and Larson (Am J Phys Anthropol 125 [2004] 42–50) for more terrestrial primates and rodents. This finding adds evidence to a model suggesting a functional link between arboreality—particularly locomotion on thin, flexible branches—and forelimb compliance. These data add another convergent trait between arboreal primates, Caluromys, and other arboreal marsupials and support the argument that all primates evolved from a common ancestor that was a fine‐branch arborealist. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The harsh life on the 15th century Croatia‐Ottoman Empire military border: Analyzing and identifying the reasons for the massacre in Čepin
Authors: Šlaus Mario , Novak Mario , Vyroubal Vlasta , Bedić Željka 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExcavation of the historic period cemetery in Čepin, Croatia revealed the presence of a large number of perimortem injuries distributed among males, females, and subadults. Archaeological and historical data suggest these individuals were victims of a raid carried out by Turkish akinji light cavalry in 1441. Comparisons with the frequencies of perimortem trauma in 12 other, temporally congruent skeletal series from the Balkans (n= 2,123 skeletons) support this assumption. The role of the akinji in the Ottoman army was twofold: to supply war captives, and to terrorize and disperse local populations before the advance of regular troops. This article tests the hypothesis that the purpose of the 1441 raid was the latter. To accomplish this, perimortem trauma in the series were analyzed by sex, age, location, and depth of the injury. A total of 82 perimortem injuries were recorded in 12 males, 7 females, and 3 subadults. The demographic profile of the victims suggests that young adults were specifically targeted in the attack. Significant sex differences are noted in the number, distribution, and pattern of perimortem trauma. Females exhibit significantly more perimortem injuries per individual, and per bone affected, than males. The morphology and pattern of perimortem trauma in females is suggestive of gratuitous violence. Cumulatively, analysis of the osteological data suggest that the objective of the 1441 akinji raid was to spread terror and panic in the Čepin area, either as revenge for recent military setbacks, or as part of a long‐term strategy intended to depopulate the area around Osijek. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secular change in heights of indigenous adults from a Zapotec‐speaking community in Oaxaca, southern Mexico
Authors: Malina Robert M. , Peña Reyes Maria Eugenia , Little Bertis B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSecular change in adult height of residents in a rural indigenous community in the Valley of Oaxaca was evaluated. Subjects were measured in 1971 (49 males, 26 females 19–70 years), 1978 (128 males, 124 females 19–82 years) and 2000 (155 males, 255 females 19–89 years). Heights were adjusted for estimated loss with age using two protocols; height at 21 years of age was also estimated. The effects of age and secular factors on measured and adjusted heights were evaluated through segmented linear regressions for three birth periods, <1930, 1930 through 1959 and ≥1960 which approximate significant periods in Mexican history. Secular increase in height occurred but estimated rates varied over time and between sexes. Males born before 1930 showed a secular increase in height but females did not. Adults of both sexes born 1930–1959 showed secular gains and estimated rates did not differ. The secular gain in height continued among those born 1960 and later and estimated rates were similar in both sexes. Estimated height at 21 years of age increased in males (not significant) but not in females born before 1930, showed little or no change in those born between 1930‐1959, and increased (not significant) in those born 1960 and later. Combining observations on adults with those for youth in the community indicated several phases of secular change in height that varied with years of birth. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Context‐based term frequency assessment for text classification
Authors: Liu Rey‐Long 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAutomatic text classification (TC) is essential for the management of information. To properly classify a document d, it is essential to identify the semantics of each term t in d, while the semantics heavily depend on context (neighboring terms) of t in d. Therefore, we present a technique CTFA (Context‐based Term Frequency Assessment) that improves text classifiers by considering term contexts in test documents. The results of the term context recognition are used to assess term frequencies of terms, and hence CTFA may easily work with various kinds of text classifiers that base their TC decisions on term frequencies, without needing to modify the classifiers. Moreover, CTFA is efficient, and neither huge memory nor domain‐specific knowledge is required. Empirical results show that CTFA successfully enhances performance of several kinds of text classifiers on different experimental data.
Current status of mucins in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer
Authors: Rachagani Satyanarayana , Torres Maria P. , Moniaux Nicolas , Batra Surinder K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMucins are the most abundant high molecular weight glycoproteins in mucus. Their nature and glycosylation content dictates the biochemical and biophysical properties of viscoelastic secretions, pointing out an important role in diverse biological functions, such as differentiation, cell adhesions, immune responses, and cell signaling. Mucins are expressed in tubular organs by specialized epithelial cells in the body. Their aberrant expression is well documented in a variety of inflammatory or malignant diseases. From a prognosis point of view, their expression and alterations in glycosylation are associated with the development and progression of malignant diseases. Therefore, mucins can be used as valuable markers to distinguish between normal and disease conditions. Indeed, this alteration in glycosylation patterns generates several epitopes in the oligosaccharide side chains that can be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. Furthermore, these characteristic tumor‐associated epitopes are extensively used as appropriate immunotargets of malignant epithelial cells. Therefore, in an effort to detect and treat cancer at the earliest stage possible, mucins are analyzed as potential markers of disease for diagnosis, progression, and for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we focused on the current status of the distribution of mucins in normal and pathologic conditions and their clinical use both in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics treatments.
Use of a low‐profile, compliant balloon for percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty
Authors: Yamen Eric , Daniels David V. , Van HoHai , Yeung Alan C. , Fearon William F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives: To determine the safety and immediate efficacy after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) with a new, low‐profile balloon. Background: BAV has a continuing role in the management of high‐risk patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). BAV with traditional noncompliant balloons requires a large femoral arteriotomy and is associated with high rates of access site complications. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 20 consecutive patients undergoing BAV for severe AS. Retrograde transfemoral BAV was performed with a low‐profile, compliant valvuloplasty balloon. Before and after BAV, transaortic gradients were measured invasively and by echocardiography, and aortic valve area (AVA) calculated. Access site complications, functional class and survival were recorded. Results: Patients were 79 ± 12 years old and had an estimated mortality from open aortic valve replacement of (12.5 ± 9.6)%. By catheterization, mean aortic gradient fell from 44 ± 15 to 29 ± 10 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and AVA increased from 0.63 ± 0.22 to 0.89 ± 0.33 cm2 (P < 0.001). New York Heart Association functional class improved from 3.5 ± 0.7 to 2.7 ± 0.8. Procedural mortality was 0%. There were no vascular complications or significant worsening of aortic regurgitation. Conclusion: Transfemoral BAV using a low‐profile compliant balloon is feasible with acceptable immediate results and safety. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionic Liquid‐Based Routes to Conversion or Reuse of Recycled Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Cordes David B. , Smiglak Marcin , Hines C. Corey , Bridges Nicholas J. , Dilip Meghna , Srinivasan Geetha , Metlen Andreas , Rogers Robin D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNew, potentially green, and efficient synthetic routes for the remediation and/or re‐use of perchlorate‐based energetic materials have been developed. Four simple organic imidazolium‐ and phosphonium‐based perchlorate salts/ionic liquids have been synthesized by simple, inexpensive, and nonhazardous methods, using ammonium perchlorate as the perchlorate source. By appropriate choice of the cation, perchlorate can be incorporated into an ionic liquid which serves as its own electrolyte for the electrochemical reduction of the perchlorate anion, allowing for the regeneration of the chloride‐based parent ionic liquid. The electrochemical degradation of the hazardous perchlorate ion and its conversion to harmless chloride during electrolysis was studied using IR and 35Cl NMR spectroscopies.
A Bifunctional Pd/MgO Solid Catalyst for the One‐Pot Selective N‐Monoalkylation of Amines with Alcohols
Authors: Corma Avelino , Ródenas Tania , Sabater María J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt has been found that a bifunctional metal Pd/base (MgO) catalyst performs the selective monoalkylation of amines with alcohols. The reaction goes through a series of consecutive steps in a cascade mode that involves: 1) the abstraction of hydrogen from the alcohol that produces the metal hydride and the carbonyl compound; 2) condensation of the carbonyl with the amine to give an imine, and 3) hydrogenation of the imine with the surface hydrogen atoms from the metal hydride. Based on isotopic and spectroscopic studies and on the rate of each elementary step, a global reaction mechanism has been proposed. The controlling step of the process is the hydride transfer from the metal to the imine. By changing the crystallite size of the Pd, it is demonstrated that this is a structure‐sensitive reaction, whereas the competing processes that lead to subproducts are not. On these bases, a highly selective catalyst has been obtained with Pd crystallite size below 2.5 nm in diameter. The high efficiency of the catalytic system has allowed us to extend the process to the one‐pot synthesis of piperazines.