bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sickness behaviors in response to unusual external events in healthy cats and cats with feline interstitial cystitis
Authors: Stella Judi L. , Lord Linda K. , Buffington C. A. Tony 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare sickness behaviors (SB) in response to unusual external events (UEE) in healthy cats with those of cats with feline interstitial cystitis (FIC).
Design—Prospective observational study.
Animals—12 healthy cats and 20 donated cats with FIC.
Procedures—Cats were housed in a vivarium. Sickness behaviors referable to the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, the skin, and behavior problems were recorded by a single observer for 77 weeks. Instances of UEE (eg, changes in caretakers, vivarium routine, and lack of interaction with the investigator) were identified during 11 of the 77 weeks. No instances of UEE were identified during the remaining 66 weeks, which were considered control weeks.
Results—An increase in age and exposure to UEE, but not disease status, significantly increased total number of SB when results were controlled for other factors. Evaluation of individual SB revealed a protective effect of food intake for healthy males. An increase in age conferred a small increase in relative risk (RR) for upper gastrointestinal tract signs (RR, 1.2) and avoidance behavior (1.7). Exposure to UEE significantly increased the RR for decreases in food intake (RR, 9.3) and for no eliminations in 24 hours (6.4). Exposure to UEE significantly increased the RR for defecation (RR, 9.8) and urination (1.6) outside the litter box.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—SB, including some of the most commonly observed abnormalities in client-owned cats, were observed after exposure to UEE in both groups. Because healthy cats and cats with FIC were comparably affected by UEE, clinicians should consider the possibility of exposure to UEE in cats evaluated for these signs.
Rated Power Determination for Medium/Low Voltage Transformers
Authors: Survilo J. 
Published: January 2011

Rated Power Determination for Medium/Low Voltage TransformersThe power estimation is performed for the medium/low voltage transformer of a low voltage network. The factors to be accounted for in the estimation are the load density and the fed zone shape. From variously shaped fed zones that of hexagonal shape compactly covers a greater territory and has better indices as compared with rectangles and triangles. The study is framed on an apt canonical model - a circular fed zone with constant continuous load density. The model can be used for comparison of indices at the discrete load dislocation in hexagonal or squared fed zones, extending the results obtained for a circular zone using relative ratios. The transformer power is determined by the fed zone radius, which has a natural limit, since the voltage deviation for the farthest consumer should not exceed the allowable value. Under these conditions, optimization can be performed by a given load density, changing the radius of the fed zone and the density of current in phase conductors.
Evaluation of Atmospheric Lucidity and Diffused Radiation
Authors: Pelece I. , Vanags M. , Migla L. 
Published: January 2011

Evaluation of Atmospheric Lucidity and Diffused RadiationBased on measurements of the diffused and direct solar radiation intensity, the authors investigate the atmospheric lucidity and its variations that are characteristic of the Latvian conditions. They also consider the dependence of diffused radiation on the nebulosity. In the work it was established that the atmospheric lucidity in Latvia is usually in the range of 0.77±0.05, with only minor changes, so in the calculations it was assumed constant. The diffused solar radiation intensity was found to increase under medium nebulosity and to decrease at high its level. Since this dependence is also influenced by the type of clouds, for more precise calculations further research is needed.
A contemporary perspective of geoid structure
Authors: Moritz H. 
Published: January 2011

A contemporary perspective of geoid structureThe present paper reviews the contemporary state of definition and theory of the geoid. Key features are:quasigeoid, external gravitational field from satellites and its analytical downward continuation to the Earth's interior, data combination by least-squares collocation, and a new view of gravity reduction. This is done under the modern systematic perspective provided by the possibility of a purely geometric satellite determination of the Earth' surface by GPS combined with satellite altimetry.
Simple Helices on Fano Threefolds
Authors: Polishchuk A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBuilding on the work of Nogin, we prove that the braid groupB4acts transitively on full exceptional collections of vector bundles on Fano threefolds withb2= 1 andb3= 0. Equivalently, this group acts transitively on the set of simple helices (considered up to a shift in the derived category) on such a Fano threefold. We also prove that on threefolds withb2= 1 and very ample anticanonical class, every exceptional coherent sheaf is locally free.
Impact of Clinical Reminder Redesign on Physicians’ Priority Decisions
Authors: Wu Sze-jung , Lehto Mark , Saleem Jason , Doebbeling B.N. , Yih Yuehwern 
Published: January 2011

Summary
Objective: Computerized clinical reminder (CCR) systems can improve preventive service delivery by providing patient-specific reminders at the point of care. However, adherence varies between individual CCRs and is correlated to resolution time amongst other factors. This study aimed to evaluate how a proposed CCR redesign providing information explaining why the CCRs occurred would impact providers’ prioritization of individual CCRs.
Design: Two CCR designs were prototyped to represent the original and the new design, respectively. The new CCR design incorporated a knowledge-based risk factor repository, a prioritization mechanism, and a role-based filter. Sixteen physicians participated in a controlled experiment to compare the use of the original and the new CCR systems. The subjects individually simulated a scenario-based patient encounter, followed by a semi-structured interview and survey.
Measurements: We collected and analyzed the order in which the CCRs were prioritized, the perceived usefulness of each design feature, and semi-structured interview data.
Results: We elicited the prioritization heuristics used by the physicians, and found a CCR system needed to be relevant, easy to resolve, and integrated with workflow. The redesign impacted 80% of physicians and 44% of prioritization decisions. Decisions were no longer correlated to resolution time given the new design. The proposed design features were rated useful or very useful.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the redesign of a CCR system using a knowledge-based risk factor repository, a prioritization mechanism, and a role-based filter can impact clinicians’ decision making. These features are expected to ultimately improve the quality of care and patient safety.
Anterior Segment Imaging for Iris Melanocytic Tumors
Authors: Razzaq Lubna , Der Spek Katinka Emmanouilidisvan , Luyten Gregohus P.M. , De Keizer Rob J.W. 
Published: January 2011

Purpose To determine the role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and other anterior segment imaging techniques (Pentacam, slit-lamp optical coherence tomography [SL-OCT]) for analysis of iris melanocytic tumors and to compare results with clinical features and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Methods Between 2006 and 2009, 61 patients with melanocytic iris tumors were examined using different anterior segment imaging techniques: Pentacam, SL-OCT, AS-OCT, and UBM (50 MHz). Pentacam was performed in 17 patients, SL-OCT in 12, AS-OCT in 46, and UBM in 49. Results The Pentacam images identified the tumor in 3 of 17 patients (18%), SL-OCT in 8 of 12 (67%), and AS-OCT in 44 of 46 (96%). Anterior segment optical coherence tomography results were compared with UBM in 42 patients: in 86% the results were comparable, although AS-OCT visualized a ciliary body extension of iris tumors only in 1 out of 3 cases analyzed. Conclusions Iris melanocytic tumors were located by AS-OCT in 96% of cases and results were comparable to UBM imaging, while both SL-OCT and Pentacam are less reliable for detecting and measuring anterior segment lesions. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography gives precise anterior eye segment diameters, which are useful for the brachytherapy dosage calculation module developed at the Leiden University Medical Center. Therefore, AS-OCT is a reliable, convenient, and noncontact method for detecting and measuring pure iris tumors, but UBM is superior in detecting a ciliary body extension of these tumors.
The effects of provisioning and crop‐raiding on the diet and foraging activities of human‐commensal white‐faced Capuchins (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: McKinney Tracie 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNon‐human primates are coming into increasingly frequent contact with humans and with human‐modified environments. The potential for monkeys to survive in such modified landscapes is questionable, and is likely related to a species' behavioral plasticity, particularly as it relates to diet. In this study, I explore the ways in which white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) adjust their diet and foraging behaviors in response to anthropogenic impact. I compare a troop of human‐commensal monkeys and a similar troop of wild‐feeding monkeys living within the Curú Wildlife Refuge in western Costa Rica for differences in overall diet composition and activity budgets to evaluate the impact of habitat change in this context. The commensal‐living white‐faced capuchins rely on raided coconut (Cocos nucifera) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) crops and provisioned or stolen human foods for over one‐half of their total diet. Regardless of this highly anthropogenic diet, the two study troops do not significantly differ in their activity budgets, and the human‐commensal troop maintains wild‐foraging activities consistent with those of the wild‐feeding troop. These data suggest that the white‐faced capuchins at this site are responding to anthropogenic disturbance primarily through the exploitation of human food resources, but they do not yet appear to have lost the foraging skills required to survive in this modified landscape on their own. This study adds to our growing body of knowledge on primate survival in matrix habitats, and will hopefully inform primate management plans throughout the Neotropics. Am. J. Primatol. 73:439–448, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological and physiological aspects of digestive processes in the graminivorous primate Theropithecus gelada—a preliminary study
Authors: Mau Marcus , Johann Achim , Sliwa Alexander , Hummel Jürgen , Südekum Karl‐Heinz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHindgut fermentation has been suggested to contribute significantly to the digestive process in the gelada (Theropithecus gelada). We therefore hypothesized that in an in vitro fermentation test (Hohenheim gas test, using gas production as measure of microbial digestion) inoculum based on fresh gelada feces would degrade grass to a similar degree as zebra (Equus burchelli chapmani) feces and to a higher degree than that of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas). Additionally, morphology of gelada tongue, salivary glands, stomach, and intestine were examined in this study. Gas production was measured between 4 and 96 hr using animal feces incubated with 200 mg of air‐dry hay or mixed concentrate sample. For grass hay, 12‐hr gas production was as follows: T. gelada (19.9 ml)>Papio (18.4 ml)>Equus (15.7 ml). After 24 hr, gas production changed: Papio (35.1 ml)>T. gelada (31.9 ml)>Equus (27.9 ml). At 96 hr, Papio was unexpectedly the most effective species with the highest gas production (53.1 ml)>zebra (51.2 ml)>gelada (49.4 ml). With a concentrate standard, 12‐hr gas production was as follows: T. gelada (38.5 ml)>Equus (36.8 ml) = Papio (36.4 ml). At 24 hr, gas production differed: Papio (51.7 ml)>Equus (47.0 ml) = T. gelada (46.8 ml). At 96 hr, zebra was the most effective species with the highest gas production (63.9 ml)>Papio (60 ml) = T. gelada (59.9 ml). In conclusion, the results show that the microbial population present in gelada feces is able to ferment forage and concentrate substrates in vitro, although this fermentation did not occur with the expected effectiveness. Future studies should therefore focus also on the bacteria species involved. Am. J. Primatol. 73:449–457, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ATX–LPA Axis Induces Expression of OPN in Hepatic Cancer Cell SMMC7721
Authors: Zhang Rihua , Zhang Zhihong , Pan Xiaolin , Huang Xiayue , Huang Zuhu , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN) and autotaxin (ATX) are important chemokines involved in the survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of many cancer cells. The focus of the study was to investigate the relationship between OPN and ATX–lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) axis. The expression of OPN and its cellular cascades were determined by western blot and real‐time quantitative transcription polymerase chain reaction (real‐time PCR) analyses. Cell migration activity was determined by a Transwell‐migration assay. In comparison with nontreated cells, we found that the ATX–LPA axis upregulated OPN expression by 2.91‐fold in protein levels and 2.52‐fold in mRNA levels. The ATX–LPA axis activates Akt and ATX/LPC‐induced OPN expression in SMMC7721 cells was largely reduced by the inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt or LPA receptor. This study provides the first evidence that the induction of the OPN expression by ATX–LPA axis was mediated by the activation of Akt through LPA receptors and OPN was required for migration of SMMC7721 cells induced by ATX–LPA axis. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship Between Cusp Size and Occlusal Wear Pattern in Neanderthal and Homo sapiens First Maxillary Molars
Authors: Fiorenza Luca , Benazzi Stefano , Viola Bence , Kullmer Ottmar , Schrenk Friedemann 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTooth wear studies in mammals have highlighted the relationship between wear facets (attritional areas produced during occlusion by the contact between opposing teeth) and physical properties of the ingested food. However, little is known about the influence of tooth morphology on the formation of occlusal wear facets. We analyzed the occlusal wear patterns of first maxillary molars (M1s) in Neanderthals, early Homo sapiens, and contemporary modern humans. We applied a virtual method to analyze wear facets on the crown surface of three‐dimensional digital models. Absolute and relative wear facet areas are compared with cusp area and cusp height. Although the development of wear facets partially follows the cusp pattern, the results obtained from the between‐group comparisons do not reflect the cusp size differences characterizing these groups. In particular, the wear facets developed along the slopes of the most discriminate cusp between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens (hypocone) do not display any significant difference. Moreover, no correlations have been found between cusp size and wear facet areas (with the exception of the modern sample) and between cusp height and wear facet areas. Our results suggest that cusp size is only weakly related to the formation of the occlusal wear facets. Other factors, such as, diet, food processing, environmental abrasiveness, and nondietary habits are probably more important for the development and enlargement of wear facets, corroborating the hypotheses suggested from previous dental wear studies. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bacteremia Does Not Affect Cellular Uptake of Ultrafine Particles in the Lungs of Rats
Authors: Conhaim Robert L. , Dovi William F. , Watson Kal E. , Spiegel Carol A. , Harms Bruce A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo assess the effects of intra‐abdominal bacteremia on lung cellular function in vivo, we used electron microscopy to quantify the uptake of 6 nm diameter, albumin‐coated colloidal gold particles (overall diam. 20.8 nm) by cells in the lungs of rats made septic by the introduction of live bacteria (E.coli and B. fragilis) into their abdomens. Gold particles were instilled into the trachea 24 hr after bacteremia induction, and lungs were harvested and prepared for electron microscopy 24 hr later. Because bacteremia produces an increase in metabolism, we hypothesized that this might be associated with increased cellular uptake of these particles and also with increased permeability of the alveolar epithelial barrier to them, as bacteremia is also associated with lung injury. We quantified particle uptake by counting particle densities (particles/μm2) within type I and type II epithelial cells, capillary endothelial cells, erythrocytes and neutrophils in the lungs of five septic rats and five sham‐sepsis controls. We also counted particle densities within organelles of these cells (nuclei, mitochondria, type II cell lamellar bodies) and within the alveolar interstitium. We found particles to be present within all of these compartments, although we found no differences in particle densities between bacteremic rats and sham‐sepsis controls. Our results suggest that these 6 nm particles were able to freely cross cell and organelle membranes, and further suggest that this ability was not altered by bacteremia. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the thyroid gland: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Ning Shanglei , Song Xie , Xiang Lei , Chen Yuxin , Cheng Yu , Chen Hongqiang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumors of the thyroid gland (T‐SFT) are rarely described, with only 21 cases being reported in the English literatures, all showing benign clinical characteristics. We herein present a 76‐year‐old woman presenting with a 3‐month history of rapidly enlarging neck masses and the CT showed masses with partial calcification in the right thyroid lobe. We performed right hemithyroidectomy and isthmectomy with negative margin under general anesthesia. Histologically, the masses consisted of pleomorphic spindle cells with high mitoses and collagen bands. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed positive reactions for CD34, vimentin and bcl‐2, then a diagnosis of malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the right thyroid was made. Six months postoperatively, the CT showed the recurrence of the thyroid tumor and the presence of many nodules of varying sizes throughout bilateral pulmonary lobes. To our knowledge, this is the first case of malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the thyroid gland (T‐SFT) with local recurrence and pulmonary metastasis and T‐SFT must be considered in the differential diagnosis of spindle cells lesions in the thyroid gland. Correct diagnosis of the malignant T‐SFT plays an important role in choosing appropriate therapeutic strategies and long‐term follow‐up is also extremely essential for these patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of telecytology for the immediate assessment of CT guided and endoscopic FNA cytology: Diagnostic accuracy, advantages, and pitfalls
Authors: Heimann Alan , Maini Gary , Hwang Sonya , Shroyer Kenneth R. , Singh Meenakshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTelecytology (TC) can assist cytopathologists in efficiently providing immediate evaluation for fine needle aspirations (FNAs) performed at remote locations. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of TC for immediate assessments of FNAs. Phase I: Diff‐Quik and Pap stained smears from two retrospective sets of 20 pilot cases each (n = 40) were included for TC assessments. For the first set, diagnoses were rendered by four pathologists and for the second set, in addition, four cytotechnologists also participated. Diagnostic concordance with the final diagnosis was assessed. Phase IIA: These were followed by real time assessments (RTA) of 56 TC FNAs and diagnostic concordance was compared to that of 100 conventional in‐person immediate assessments (Phase IIB).Phase I: 79/80 (98.8%) diagnoses (20 cases × 4 pathologists) from the first set were accurate. On the second set, 160 diagnoses were rendered on Pap stained slides and 160 on Diff‐Quik stained slides. The accuracy rate was 95% (76/80) for malignant diagnoses and 96.2% (77/80) for benign diagnoses on Pap stain. Diff‐Quik stains were more difficult to interpret than Pap stains and accuracy rates for them were lower. Endoscopic bronchial ultrasound guided (EBUS) FNAs of paratracheal nodes were more difficult to interpret. Phase IIA and B: 95% (53/56) RTAs by TC were concordant with the final diagnoses compared with 97% (97/100) for in‐person assessments.TC is a useful aid and yields concordance rates comparable to in‐person assessments. Individual practices should perform pilot studies to understand the pitfalls and limitations before employing telecytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micronucleus assay in buccal smears of breast carcinoma patients
Authors: Dey Pranab , Samanta Swapan , Susheilia Shaily 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare micronucleus assay in buccal smear of breast carcinoma patients versus normal benign cases as control group.In this prospective study, we selected a total 32 patients of carcinoma of breast and 49 patients of benign breast lesions diagnosed in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Acridine orange stain was done on buccal smears of these cases and micronucleus (MN) scoring was performed in 40× 0bjective in a fluorescent microscope. The MN score was expressed as positivity per 1,000 cells. The MN scoring in buccal smear was compared in malignant and benign breast cases.In fluorescence microscope, the micronucleus was detected as round orange shaped small intracytoplasmic structure around the nucleus. The mean MN scores in buccal smears of benign and carcinoma cases were 0.5014 ± 0.45768 and 2.1938 ± 1.08656 cases respectively. Independent sample Student's t test showed significantly high MN score in buccal smear of the cancer patients (P < 0.001).Micronucleated cells are significantly increased in buccal cells of the breast carcinoma cases. The increased number of MN in buccal smears raises the possibility that the genetic damage in breast cancer patients is generalized. In future, MN scoring could be used as biomonitoring of DNA damage and in early detection of high risk cases of carcinoma of breast. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor: Analysis of cytomorphologic features in CSF, focused on the differential diagnosis from mimickers
Authors: Choi Junjeong , Kim Hoguen , Kim Se Hoon 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAtypical teratoid and rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare tumor with fatal clinical consequences, usually affecting young children. A significant portion of patients present with dissemination to cerebrobspinal fluid (CSF). However, a limited number of studies are available regarding the cytomorphologic findings of AT/RT in CSF. We collected eight cases of CSF cytology of AT/RT and describe the cytomorphologic features of AT/RT in CSF. Typical rhabdoid cells are found in most cases and they are characterized by eccentric nuclei, abundant cytoplasm, and clustering of the tumor cells. The presence of these cells in CSF indicates disseminated diseases and aggressive therapeutic consideration for patient management is required. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.