bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular composite of lignin: Miscibility and complex formation of organosolv lignin and its acetates with synthetic polymers containing vinyl pyrrolidone and/or vinyl acetate units
Authors: Teramoto Yoshikuni , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Endo Takashi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBinary blends and pseudo‐complexes of organosolv lignin (OSL) or its acetate (OSL‐Ac) with synthetic polymers including poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), and poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐vinyl acetate) (P(VP‐co‐VAc)) were prepared by casting from mixed polymer solutions in N,N‐dimethylformamide as good solvent and by spontaneous coprecipitation from solutions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) as comparatively poor solvent. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry showed that OSL was not miscible with PVAc; however, OSL(‐Ac) was miscible with PVP to form homogeneous blends irrespective of the degree of acetylation of OSL. OSL formed homogeneous blends with P(VP‐co‐VAc) with ≥30 mol % of VP contents. Fourier transform infrared spectra measurements for the miscible blends of OSL/PVP revealed the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions between hydroxyls of OSL and carbonyls of VP units. However, there was no evidence for the development of the hydrogen bonding in miscible blends of fully acetylated OSL with PVP. For complexes via THF solutions, its formation was found to be primarily due to a higher frequency of hydrogen bonding interactions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Systematic review and meta-analysis of follow-up after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases2
Authors: Jones R P , Jackson R , Dunne D F J , Malik H Z , Fenwick S W , Poston G J , Ghaneh P 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
The evidence surrounding optimal follow-up after liver resection for colorectal metastases remains unclear. A significant proportion of recurrences occur in the early postoperative period, and some groups advocate more intensive review at this time.

Methods
A systematic review of literature published between January 2003 and May 2010 was performed. Studies that described potentially curative primary resection of colorectal liver metastases that involved a defined follow-up protocol and long-term survival data were included. For meta-analysis, studies were grouped into intensive (more frequent review in the first 5 years after resection) and uniform (same throughout) follow-up.

Results
Thirty-five studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria, involving 7330 patients. Only five specifically addressed follow-up. Patients undergoing intensive early follow-up had a median survival of 39·8 (95 per cent confidence interval 34·3 to 45·3) months with a 5-year overall survival rate of 41·9 (34·4 to 49·4) per cent. Patients undergoing routine follow-up had a median survival of 40·2 (33·4 to 47·0) months, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 38·4 (32·6 to 44·3) months.

Conclusion
Evidence regarding follow-up after liver resection is poor. Meta-analysis failed to identify a survival advantage for intensive early follow-up.
“Clicking” on the Lights To Reveal Bacterial Social Networking
Authors: Clevenger Kenneth D. , Fast Walter 
Published: January 2012

Abstract“No man is an island.”1 With apologies to John Donne, the same could be said for a bacterium. The discovery of bacterial quorum sensing and its relevance to microbial ecology and pathogenesis have fueled the increasing scrutiny of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the apparent group behavior of microbes.2 A number of chemically diverse small molecules act as diffusible signaling molecules that regulate gene expression in a population‐dependent manner. Some of these signals, such as the N‐acyl‐L‐homoserine lactones, are produced and sensed by others in the same or closely related species, and other chemical classes of signals are used more broadly for interspecies and even interkingdom communication.3 As a field, the study of these microbial social networks has been termed “sociomicrobiology.”4
Metallopolymer–Peptide Hybrid Materials: Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Functional, Polyferrocenylsilane–Tetrapeptide Conjugates
Authors: Tangbunsuk Siree , Whittell George R. , Ryadnov Maxim G. , Vandermeulen Guido W. M. , Woolfson Derek N. , Manners Ian 
Published: January 2012

AbstractConjugates of poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFDMS) with Ac‐(GA)2‐OH, Ac‐A4‐OH, Ac‐G4‐OH and Ac‐V4‐OH have been prepared by reaction of the tetrapeptide units with the amino‐terminated metallopolymer. The number average degree of polymerisation (DPn) of the PFDMS was approximately 20 and comparable materials with shorter (DPn≈10) and/or amorphous chains have been prepared by the same procedure. Poly(ferrocenylethylmethylsilane) (PFEMS) was employed for the latter purpose. All conjugates were characterised by GPC, MALDI‐TOF MS, NMR and IR spectroscopy. With the exception of Ac‐V4‐PFDMS20, all materials exhibited some anti‐parallel β‐sheet structure in the solid state. The self‐assembly of the conjugates was studied in toluene by DLS. The vast majority of the materials, irrespective of peptide sequence or chain crystallinity, afforded fibres consisting of a peptidic core surrounded by a PFS corona. These fibres were found in the form of cross‐linked networks by TEM and AFM. The accessibility of the chemically reducing PFS corona has been demonstrated by the localised formation of silver nanoparticles on the surface of the fibres.
Enantioselective Zinc/BINOL‐Catalysed Alkynylation of Aldimines Generated in Situ from α‐Amido Sulfones
Authors: Blay Gonzalo , Brines Ana , Monleón Alicia , Pedro José R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChiral nonracemic N‐Cbz‐protected propargylic amines have been prepared by the addition of terminal alkynes to imines generated in situ from α‐amido sulfones in the presence of diethylzinc and BINOL‐type ligands as catalysts. The reactions give good yields and high enantioselectivities (ee values up to 95 %) for a good number of aromatic and heteroaromatic α‐amido sulfones and alkynes.
Electrosynthesis of Chirality Conducting Poly[N‐(9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)‐L‐phenylalanine] with Good Blue Light‐Emitting Properties
Authors: Lai Cunyuan , Guo Wenjuan , Tang Xinde , Pei Meishan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPoly[N‐(9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)‐L‐phenylalanine] (PN9FPA) films with good fluorescence properties and chirality were prepared electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of N‐(9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)‐L‐phenylalanine (N9FPA) in boron trifluoride diethyletherate (BFEE). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement showed that the polymerization of N9FPA occurred mainly at the C(2) and C(7) positions. The fluorescence spectra indicated that PN9FPA films were blue‐light emitters. In addition, the structures and properties of the monomer and the polymers were characterized and evaluated with CV, UV, TGA and SEM.
Kinetic Determination of Uric Acid in Human Serum by Using the Uncatalyzed BZ Reaction in Non‐equilibrium Steady State
Authors: Ren Jie , Yang Wu , Niu Xiuli , Gao Jinzhang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel kinetic method for determination of uric acid in human serum by means of an uncatalyzed BZ system consisting of potassium bromate and p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (p‐HBA) in sulfuric acid medium was proposed, in which the analyte perturbation to the system was recorded close to the bifurcation point. The potential change was directly proportional to the logarithm of concentration of uric acid in the range of 3.73×10−8–7.48×10−4 mol·L−1 (r=0.9983) with a detection limit of 7.45×10−9 mol·L−1 and a recovery from 98.9% to 101.1%. A comparison between the proposed technique and other methods indicated that results obtained were in agreement with those in clinical detection. In addition, the possible mechanism of action of uric acid on the uncatalyzed BZ reaction was also discussed briefly.
Green Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate Uniform Microspheres Using Vegetables
Authors: Chen Long , Bao Zuben , Pan Jian , Xu Weibing , Zhang Heping , Hu Hongbo , Hu Jichao , Zhou Lili 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe report a novel strategy for the green synthesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microspheres by using four vegetables: potato, cucumber, aubergine, and carrot. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffractometry and/or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the spherical calcite crystals are obtained in the presence of potato, cucumber and aubergine extracts, while uniform vaterite and calcite mixed microspheres are produced with the extracts of carrot. The possible formation mechanism of the CaCO3 microspheres by using vegetables is also discussed, suggesting that the biomolecules especially proteins may induce and control the nucleation and growth of CaCO3 crystals. CaCO3 is an important biomineral and inorganic material. Uniform particles have numerous important applications in many areas. Therefore, this study is very significant not only for expanding the scope of crystal engineering, but also for biomineralization research and green synthesis of functional inorganic materials.
A Novel One Pot Synthesis of o‐Nitrophenylacetic Acid and Unexpected p‐Nitrobenzoic Acid by HNO3‐Mediated CH2 Extrusion Reaction of Phenylacetic Acid
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Raza Abdul Rauf 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe HNO3‐mediated CH2 extrusion reactions of phenylacetic acid lead to one pot synthesis of unexpected commercially important product 4‐nitrobenzoic acid through the formation of 4‐nitrophenylacetic acid and 2‐nitrophenylacetic acid.
Silica Nanoparticles for Bimodal MRI–Optical Imaging by Grafting Gd3+ and Eu3+/Tb3+ Complexes
Authors: Pinho Sonia L. C. , Faneca Henrique , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Rocha João , Carlos Luís D. , Delville Marie‐Hélène 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/optical probes for bioimaging were obtained by grafting two types of lanthanide metal ions, Gd3+ and Eu3+/Tb3+, on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles. The resulting systems were endowed with relaxometry and photoluminescent properties, respectively. Grafting a pyridine‐based aromatic backbone on to the silica surface enhances the emission quantum yield of the Eu3+‐containing nanoparticles fivefold compared to similar systems that bear no aromatic antennae. The emission properties of the mixed Ln3+/Gd3+‐based nanoparticles are not influenced by the presence of Gd3+. The relaxometric properties of these samples are slightly better than the properties of commercial [Gd(DTPA)]2 (DTPA = diethylenetriaminepentaacetate). When taken up by RAW 264.7 cells (mouse macrophage cell line), such bimodal probes exhibit both T1‐weighted MRI increased contrast and fluorescence tracking.
Effects of cold‐pressed and vitamin E‐enriched flaxseed oils on lipid profile and antioxidant status in high‐fat fed rats
Authors: Xiao Yu , Qianchun Deng , Jiqu Xu , Fenghong Huang , Qingde Huang , Zhihua Yin , Jine Yang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this study we evaluate whether cold‐pressed flaxseed oil (CFO), vitamin E‐enriched hot pressed and totally refined flaxseed oils (HRFOs) characterized by different qualities of micronutrients have beneficial effects on lipid profile and antioxidant status in high‐fat fed rats. Male Wistar rats were fed synthetic diets containing 10% of HRFO, CFO, low‐dose (100 mg/100 g oil) vitamin E‐enriched HRFO (L‐HRFO) or high‐dose (200 mg/100 g oil) vitamin E‐enriched HRFO (H‐HRFO), respectively for 4 wk. The results showed that plasma triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in CFO group decreased by 12, 21, and 18% compared with HRFO group (p < 0.05), the total hepatic lipids, TC and TG levels in CFO group were also lower significantly than those in HRFO group, but no significant differences were observed in plasma and hepatic lipid profiles among HRFO, L‐HRFO, and H‐HRFO groups. T‐AOC levels significantly increased by 11, 12, and 22% in CFO, L‐HRFO and H‐HRFO groups compared with HRFO group, which was negatively correlated with the MDA levels and similar changes were observed for GSH and vitamin E levels in plasma. The CFO had a significantly higher cholesterol secretion than HRFO, L‐HRFO, and H‐HRFO. These results indicated that CFO had a more beneficial effect on improving lipid status and preventing oxidative stress than HRFO, and vitamin E‐enriched HRFO decreased the lipid peroxidation concentration though there was no significant effect on lipid profiles.Practical applications: The cold‐pressed and vitamin E‐enriched HRFOs characterized by different qualities of micronutrients reduced the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. This could provide a theoretical basis for the development of high value‐added functional food ingredients based on flaxseed oil or α‐linolenic acid.
Voltammetric Detection of a Specific DNA Sequence of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Using HS‐ssDNA Probe Deposited onto Gold Electrode
Authors: Malecka Kamila , Grabowska Iwona , Radecki Jerzy , Stachyra Anna , Góra‐Sochacka Anna , Sirko Agnieszka , Radecka Hanna 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe working principle of a genosensor is based on the mechanism of ion‐channel mimetic sensors. The analytical signals generated upon hybridization processes were recorded by a redox active marker [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−present in the sample solution using voltammetric techniques. The developed genosensor was suitable for determination of 20‐mer complementary oligonucleotide sequence, and also of the PCR products containing the complementary 20‐mer sequence in various positions, with detection limits in the 10 pM range. The noncomplementary 20‐mer oligonucleotide sequence as well as the PCR product without complementary region generated very weak response. The good discrimination of the position of the complementary part in the PCR products was observed.
Corrective eccentricities for assessment by the nonlinear static method of 3D structures subjected to bidirectional ground motions
Authors: Bosco Melina , Ghersi Aurelio , Marino Edoardo M. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYNonlinear static methods are reliable in the evaluation of the seismic response of planar structural schemes, but they are not very effective in the assessment of three‐dimensional building structures. The authors of this paper have recently proposed a nonlinear static approach for asymmetric structures, which is an improvement on that stipulated by seismic codes. This method is based on the observation that the distribution of the maximum dynamic displacements of the deck can be enveloped by two pushover analyses performed by applying the lateral force with two eccentricities with respect to the center of mass of the deck. These eccentricities, named “corrective eccentricities”, are defined so that the two corresponding pushover analyses provide displacements that are equal to those evaluated by nonlinear dynamic analysis at the two sides of the deck. In this paper, the corrective eccentricities are determined for a wide set of single‐story systems. The equations for their analytical evaluation are determined and their reliability is demonstrated. Finally, the analysis of a multi‐story structure is conducted to show how the method can be applied to real buildings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hessian‐based model reduction: large‐scale inversion and prediction
Authors: Lieberman C. , Fidkowski K. , Willcox K. , van Bloemen Waanders B. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYHessian‐based model reduction was previously proposed as an approach in deriving reduced models for the solution of large‐scale linear inverse problems by targeting accuracy in observation outputs. A control‐theoretic view of Hessian‐based model reduction that hinges on the equality between the Hessian and the transient observability gramian of the underlying linear system is presented. The model reduction strategy is applied to a large‐scale ( degrees of freedom) three‐dimensional contaminant transport problem in an urban environment, an application that requires real‐time computation. In addition to the inversion accuracy, the ability of reduced models of varying dimension to make predictions of the contaminant evolution beyond the time horizon of observations is studied. Results indicate that the reduced models have a factor speedup in computing time for the same level of accuracy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formate generated by cellular oxidation of formaldehyde accelerates the glycolytic flux in cultured astrocytes
Authors: Tulpule Ketki , Dringen Ralf 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFormaldehyde is a neurotoxic compound that can be endogenously generated in the brain. Because astrocytes play a key role in metabolism and detoxification processes in brain, we have investigated the capacity of these cells to metabolize formaldehyde using primary astrocyte‐rich cultures as a model system. Application of formaldehyde to these cultures resulted in the appearance of formate in cells and in a time‐, concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent disappearance of formaldehyde from the medium that was accompanied by a matching extracellular accumulation of formate. This formaldehyde‐oxidizing capacity of astrocyte cultures is likely to be catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase 3 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, because the cells of the cultures contain the mRNAs of these formaldehyde‐oxidizing enzymes. In addition, exposure to formaldehyde increased both glucose consumption and lactate production by the cells. Both the strong increase in the cellular formate content and the increase in glycolytic flux were only observed after application of formaldehyde to the cells, but not after treatment with exogenous methanol or formate. The accelerated lactate production was not additive to that obtained for azide, a known inhibitor of complex IV of the respiratory chain, and persisted after removal of formaldehyde after a formaldehyde exposure for 1.5 h. These data demonstrate that cultured astrocytes efficiently oxidize formaldehyde to formate, which subsequently enhances glycolytic flux, most likely by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective inhibition of NF‐κB suppresses bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivo
Authors: Furuta Hiroyuki , Osawa Kenji , Shin Masashi , Ishikawa Ayataka , Matsuo Kou , Khan Masud , Aoki Kazuhiro , Ohya Keiichi , Okamoto Masato , Tominaga Kazuhiro , Takahashi Tetsu , Nakanishi Osamu , Jimi Eijiro 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is constitutively activated in many cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and is involved in the invasive characteristics of OSCC, such as growth, antiapoptotic activity and protease production. However, the cellular mechanism underlying NF‐κB's promotion of bone invasion by OSCC is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of NF‐κB in bone invasion by OSCC in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining of OSCC invading bone in 10 patients indicated that the expression and nuclear translocation of p65, a main subunit of NF‐κB, was increased in OSCC compared with normal squamous epithelial cells. An active form of p65 phosphorylated at serine 536 was present mainly in the nucleus in not only differentiated tumor cells but also tumor‐associated stromal cells and bone‐resorbing osteoclasts. We next injected mouse OSCC SCCVII cells into the masseter region of C3H/HeN mice. Mice were treated for 3 weeks with a selective NF‐κB inhibitor, NBD peptide, which disrupts the association of NF‐κB essential modulator (NEMO) with IκB kinases. NBD peptide treatment inhibited TNFα‐induced and constitutive NF‐κB activation in SCCVII cells in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Treatment with NBD peptide decreased zygoma and mandible destruction by SCCVII cells, reduced number of osteoclasts by inhibiting RANKL expression in osteoblastic cells and SCCVII cells, increased apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation of SCCVII cells. Taken together, our data clearly indicate that inhibition of NF‐κB is useful for inhibiting bone invasion by OSCC.
Activation of lytic cycle of Epstein‐Barr virus by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid leads to apoptosis and tumor growth suppression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hui K.F. , Ho Dona N. , Tsang C.M. , Middeldorp Jaap M. , Tsao George S.W. , Chiang Alan K.S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is strongly associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). We reported that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) induced EBV lytic cycle in EBV‐positive gastric carcinoma cells and mediated enhanced cell death. However, expression of EBV lytic proteins was thought to exert antiapoptotic effect in EBV‐infected cells. Here, we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of SAHA on EBV lytic cycle induction in NPC cells and investigated the cellular consequences. Micromolar concentrations of SAHA significantly induced EBV lytic cycle in EBV‐positive NPC cells. Increased apoptosis and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase and caspase‐3, ‐7 and ‐9 in EBV‐positive versus EBV‐negative NPC cells were observed. More than 85% of NPC cells expressing immediate‐early (Zta), early (BMRF1) or late (gp350/220) lytic proteins coexpressed cleaved caspase‐3. Tracking of expression of EBV lytic proteins and cleaved caspase‐3 over time demonstrated that NPC cells proceeded to apoptosis following EBV lytic cycle induction. Inhibition of EBV DNA replication and late lytic protein expression by phosphonoformic acid did not impact on SAHA's induced cell death in NPC, indicating that early rather than late phase of EBV lytic cycle contributed to the apoptotic effect. In vivo effects of SAHA on EBV lytic cycle induction and tumor growth suppression were also observed in NPC xenografts in nude mice. Taken together, our data indicated that activation of lytic cycle from latent cycle of EBV by SAHA leads to apoptosis and tumor growth suppression of NPC thereby providing experimental evidence for virus‐targeted therapy against EBV‐positive cancer.
[2.2]Paracyclophane as a Target of the Organic Solid State: Emergent Properties via Supramolecular Construction
Authors: Elacqua Elizabeth , Friščić Tomislav , MacGillivray Leonard R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this account, we review the synthesis of [2.2]paracyclophanes in the organic solid state. Reactions in crystalline solids provide a means to obtain molecules with high degrees of stereocontrol that can also be unattainable in solution. We show that [2.2]paracyclophanes form in the solid state stereospecifically and in quantitative yield via intermolecular [2+2] double photodimerization reactions. The double cycloaddition that affords a paracyclophane in the solid state does not readily occur in solution. Small molecules in the form of hydrogen‐bond‐donor templates can provide access to [2.2]paracyclophanes in a solid by design. A [2.2]paracyclophane obtained using a hydrogen‐bond template is shown to exhibit attractive optical properties and has been employed as a building block of a metal‐organic framework (MOF).
Comparative Study of Fatty Acid Components in Oils of Different Olive Varieties Grown in Different Regions of Pakistan by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: ur Rahman Inayat , Qureshi Muhammad Nasimullah , Ahmad Shakeel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOlive oils were extracted from two consecutive crops (2008 and 2009) of three different varieties of olive cultivated at different geographical regions of Pakistan. The profiles of the fatty acid compositions were developed employing GC‐MS techniques and then compared. The purpose of this research paper is to evaluate the olive oil constituents in Olive cultivated in different regions in order to determine the quality of olive oil and to ascertain the suitability of area for best quality products.