bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
التجارة الخارجية للعراق وأثرها على قوة الدولة الاقتصادية
Authors: محيميد خطاب سعد 
Published: June 2024

باتت القوة الاقتصادية اليوم احد اهم اشكال قوة الدولة ومؤشرات قياسها وفق منهج قياس قوة الدولة وتعد التجارة الخارجية بجميع مؤشراتها معيارا مهما للقياس من منظور الجيوبوليتيك ويهدف هذا البحث الى اظهار دور الميزان التجاري للعراق في رفد الناتج المحلي الإجمالي وامكانية تنويع الصادرات دون الاعتماد على سلعة واحدة او عدد قليل من السلع والتخلص من اشكالية الاقتصاد الريعي احادي الجانب وهي احدى المشاكل التي تواجه هيكل الاقتصاد العراقي وتؤثر في سماته الجيوبوليتيكية بالمقارنة مع الدول غير النفطية التي تمتاز بتنوع صادراتها الخارجية ..اوضح البحث اعتماد الاقتصاد العراقي والناتج المحلي وميزان المدفوعات والانفاق العام على صادرات النفط الخام العراقي وبنسبة عالية جدا تصل الى 95% من اجمالي الناتج المحلي الاجمالي وهذا يمثل نقطة ضعف في مجال قياس قوة الدولة
أولويات الاهتمام بموضوعات الابتزاز الالكتروني في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي – دراسة تحليلية لصفحة (معاً ضد الابتزاز الالكتروني)
Authors: خضير ياسمين خالد 
Published: June 2024

جاء البحث بعنوان (أولويات الاهتمام بموضوعات الابتزاز الالكتروني في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي – دراسة تحليلية لصفحة معاً ضد الابتزاز الالكتروني)، وكان الهدف من البحث هو الكشف عن أولويات الاهتمام بموضوعات الابتزاز الالكتروني في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي ، ويعد هذا البحث من حيث النوع بحثاً وصفياً ، فقد اعتمدت الباحثة على أسلوب تحليل المضمون لجمع وتصنيف وتحليل البيانات ، وكانت عينة البحث (المسح الشامل) لمنشورات صفحة معاً ضد الابتزاز الالكتروني على الفيس بوك، وبلغ عدد المنشورات ( 185) منشوراً، وللمدة من 1/1/2023 ولغاية 1/12/2023، واهم من النتائج التي ظهرت هي :

احتلت الدوافع المادية والحصول على منافع مالية واقتصادية المرتبة الاولى من بين انواع واهداف ودوافع الابتزاز الالكتروني كونه الموضوع الاكثر تداول بين المنشورات .
كان الفيس بك من اكثر الادوات استخداماً لأغراض الابتزاز الالكتروني من بين التطبيقات والبرامج الاخرى.
من اهم طرق الابتزاز الالكتروني هو انتحال الشخصيات على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
من اكثر انواع المبتزين والمجرمين خطورة واكثرهم انتشاراً هم الهاكرز لما يتمتعون به من خبرة في استخدام البرامج والتقنيات الحديثة واستغلال للثغرات في التطبيقات والبرامج الالكترونية.
Direct ophthalmoscopy as a screening tool to study retinal vascular changes in acute mountain sickness in response to recent ascent to high altitude: A pilot study
Authors: GUPTA ATUL , RANA VIPIN , SASIDHARAN SHIBU 
Published: June 2024

Background
Advanced diagnostics are not easily accessible in austere topographical locations. We documented retinal changes in patients with acute mountain sickness (AMS+) and compared these with asymptomatic individuals (AMS–) with recent induction into high altitude using direct ophthalmoscopy as a screening tool.

Methods
We evaluated 97 individuals (43 AMS– and 54 AMS+) who were inducted to an altitude 3800 m above sea level by direct ophthalmoscopy after pupillary dilatation, on day 2 of arrival.

Results
Retinal vein dilatation was seen in 36 (66.7%) AMS+ v. 14 (32.6%) AMS– (p<0.01), hyperaemia of the optic disc in 30 (55.6%) AMS+ v. 14 (32.6%) AMS– (p<0.05), hyperaemia of the optic disc along with retinal vein dilatation in 27 (50%) AMS+ v. 9 (20.9%) AMS– (p<0.01), retinal vein tortuosity in 12 (22.2%) AMS+ v. 3 (7%) AMS– (p<0.02). In AMS+ with retinal vein dilatation 17 (50%) had SpO2 >91% and 19 (79.2%) had SpO2 <91% (p<0.01). An AMS score of >5 was recorded in 25 (69.4%; p<0.001) with venular dilatation and in 19 (52.8%; p<0.001) who were AMS+ with an induction number ≥3 had retinal dilatation.

Conclusion
Acute hypobaric hypoxia causes retinal venous dilatation, tortuosity and hyperaemia of the optic disc in those with AMS and correlates directly with SpO2 levels. The incidence of retinal vein dilatation increases with frequent re-entry into high altitude and more severe symptoms of AMS. Hence, all those being inducted to high altitude should be screened for retinal vascular changes.
Burden of malaria during pregnancy in perennial transmission settings of two densely forested and remote blocks (Baihar and Birsa) of district Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh, central India
Authors: JAIN VIDHAN , SHARMA RAVENDRA KUMAR , SHUKLA MAN MOHAN , KHOSLA KULDEEP K. , SINGH NEERU , SHANMUGAM RAJASUBRAMANIAM 
Published: June 2024

Background
Malaria in pregnancy (MIP) is a major public health problem due to the vulnerability of pregnant women to infections, resulting in adverse maternal/foetal outcomes in endemic areas.

Methods
We did a field-based study to assess the burden of MIP (prevalence at the time of enrolment and follow-up) and to identify risk factors for MIP in the Birsa and Baihar blocks of district Balaghat in Madhya Pradesh, which have perennial malaria transmission. Malaria screening (during 2015–2017) was done by microscopy and bivalent rapid diagnostic test (SD Bioline RDT, malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum/Plasmodium vivax Pf/Pv). Dried blood spots were used for haemoglobin estimation. Sociodemographic details with past and present pregnancy status were obtained. A subset of pregnant women were followed up for malaria during pregnancy. Women were also screened for malaria post delivery. Malaria treatment was given as per the National Guidelines of 2013. Multivariate analysis was done to assess independent risk factors for malaria.

Results
A total of 1728 pregnant women were screened, of which 1651 were included in the final analysis. Malaria prevalence at first screening was 23.4% (Pf 88%). Prevalence and Pf parasitaemia both were significantly higher among primigravid (G1) compared to multigravid (G>2; p value 0.012 and 0.019, respectively). Pregnant women of the Baiga ethnic group were more likely to have malaria compared to those belonging to the Gond group (OR [95% CI]; 2.4 [1.7–3.4]; p<0.00001) and non-indigenous group (OR [95% CI]; 8.3 [3.9–19.7]; p<0.00001). Primigravid status of women, first and second trimester of pregnancy, women belonging to indigenous ethnic tribal group and cash crop insufficiency for whole year (a socioeconomic indicator) in the family were the independent risk factors for malaria.

Conclusion
MIP is a major public health problem in forested tribal settlements of Birsa and Baihar blocks of Balaghat district in Madhya Pradesh and requires immediate intervention.
Pengaruh Kompos Ampas Tebu terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Panjang pada Tanah Alluvial
Authors: Ismawan Eko , Anggorowati Dini , Huda Saiful 
Published: June 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of bagasse compost on growth and yield of beans on alluvial soil. This study uses a randomized block designconsisting of 5 treatment, and repeated 5 times, each replication consisted of 5 samples. Those treatments include, k0 without bagasse compost, k1 = 10 tonnes/ha, equivalent to 4.2 kg/plot, k2 = 20 tonnes/ha, equivalent to 8.4 kg/plot, k3 30 tons/ha, equivalent to 12.6 kg/plot, k4 = 40 tonnes/ha, equivalent to 16.8 kg/plot. Variables observed include green level of leaf (SPAD unit), leaf area (cm2), dry weight of the upper part of the plant (g), root volume (cm3), root dry weight (cm3), The number of pods per plant (fruit), length of pods ( cm) and weight of pods per plant (g). Results showed significant effect on the variable observation pod length and pod weight plant however not real effect on the variable observation root volume, root dryweight, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll, and plant dry weightand number of pods.
A simulator for the study of phase behaviour based on the SOAVE equation of state and material balance calculations.
Authors: PELAEZ C. V. , M. ESCOBAR J. C. 
Published: June 2024

This paper shows the predictive features, speed and accuracy of a phase behavior simulator which calculates and analyzes the vapor-liquid equilibrium of volatile oils and gas condensates. The simulator calculates the PVT properties (gas volumetric factor (Bg), oil volumetric factor (Bo), gas/ oil ratios (Rso, Rsg) required by reservoir simulators and used in two-phase flow equations and reservoir material balances.The model uses the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state (SRK-EOS) to predict phase behavior without any parameter adjustment. lt only utilizes the concept of volume translation and a simple C7+ characterization. A rigorous material balance checks the consistency of the measured PVT data and· calculates properties such as: liquid composition at different pressures, K values, molecular weight, liquid densities and PVT properties, among others. The C7+ characterization method used by the simulator was compared to that presented by Pedersen et al. (1984). The CPU time in the constant volume depletion test (CVD) was significantly reduced (up to 80%) by using the simple C1+ characterization method.
Pengenceran Cairan Fermentasi Bonggol Pisang (Musa paradisiaca) Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii
Authors: Rahman Samsu Adi , Safir Muhammad , Tahya Akbar Marzuki 
Published: June 2024

Cairan fermentasi bonggol pisang adalah produk fermentasi yang melibatkan bonggol pisang dan mikroorganisme yang berasal dari bonggol pisang itu sendiri. Cairan fermentasi ini mengandung unsur hara dan senyawa lain yang memiliki potensi untuk merangsang pertumbuhan serta mengendalikan penyakit pada rumput laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan efektivitas pemberian cairan fermentasi bonggol pisang terhadap pertumbuhan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Perairan Desa Jayabakti, Kecamatan Pagimana, Kabupaten Banggai. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu A (kontrol), B (1 L cairan fermentasi/50 L air laut), C (1 L cairan fermentasi/100 L air laut), dan D (1 L cairan fermentasi/150 L air laut). Rumput laut uji direndam selama satu jam sesuai dengan pengenceran masing-masing perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan mutlak, pertumbuhan spesifik harian, dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis cairan fermentasi bonggol pisang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rumput laut secara signifikan. Nilai pertumbuhan rata-rata tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan B (1 L cairan fermentasi/50 L air laut) dengan laju pertumbuhan harian sebesar 3,07±0,04% dan pertumbuhan mutlak sebesar 90,48±1,51 g. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perendaman dalam cairan fermentasi selama satu jam dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan rumput laut, dengan hasil terbaik pada pengenceran 1 L cairan fermentasi/50 L air laut.
Pendampingan Duta Bulying Terhadap Pencegahan Bulying Pada Siswa/i di SMKN Kesehatan Sarolangun
Authors: Widiawati Susi , Saswati Nofrida , Marisdayana Rara 
Published: June 2024

Remaja usia 12-18 tahun mengalami perkembangan secara fisik dan karakteristik. Perkembangan secara karakteristik berkaitan dengan prilaku anak yang berisiko kearah positif maupun kearah negatif. Perlunya pendekatan pada anak remaja dengan kesejahteraan psikologis dalam menghadapi masa yang penuh gejolak pada usia remaja. Banyak masalah yang dihadapi remaja salah satunya adalah masalah bulliying. Tahun 2023 kejadian bulliying di tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas/sederajat 10%. Hal ini diharapkan tidak terjadi lagi bulliying, mengingat mereka berada pada umur 16-18 tahun. Salah satu upaya pencegahan bulliying pada anak remaja dengan dibetuknya duta bulliying di Sekolah. Duta Bulliying ini sudah terbentuk di SMKS Kesehatan Sarolangun. Untuk terlaksananya kegiatan Duta Bulliying maka perlunya pendampingan terhadap duta tersebut. Kegiatan pendamping yang dilakukan pada duta bulliying adalah memberikan materi peran dan fungsi duta bulliying, program kerja yang dilakukan, materi bulliying, form pelaporan bullying dan rencana tindak lanjut bulliying. Kegiatan ini dilakukan beberapa tahap yaitu dengan menguji pengetahuan duta bulliying dengan pretest, memberikan materi dengan metode ceramah dan postest. Kegiatan ini dilakukan selama 14-16 Oktober 2022. Duta bulliying yang ikut serta sebanyak 20 siswa. Hasil kegiatan ini didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan duta bulliying sebesar 85% setelah dilakukan pendampingan. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan duta bulliying terhadap pencegahan Bulliying di SMKN Kesehatan Sarolangun. Diharapakan pihak pimpinan sekolah untuk selalu memberdayakan duta bulliying dalam pencegahan bulliying di SMKN Kesehtan Sarolangun.
Bilder als (Nicht-)Repräsentationen am Beispiel der Fertigbilder [Obrazy jako (nie)reprezentacje na przykładzie obrazów gotowych]
Authors: Kapuścińska Anna 
Published: June 2024

Celem artykułu jest omówienie zagadnienia funkcji reprezentatywnej obrazów w kontekście współczesnych mediów. Powszechna teza, że obrazy wyrażają więcej niż tysiąc słów, wydaje się wątpliwa w odniesieniu do tzw. gotowych obrazów (niem. „Fertigbilder”). Są to fotografie, które nie reprezentują konkretnych wydarzeń, lecz są dostępne w internetowych bankach fotografii z możliwością dowolnego wykorzystania jako pozorne reprezentacje treści tekstów. Zjawisko to można postrzegać jako przykład manipulacji kontekstem, ponieważ choć sam obraz nie jest w żaden sposób sfałszowany, to jego użycie poza pierwotnym kontekstem może w znaczącym stopniu wpływać na jego interpretację. Takie gotowe fotografie są często wykorzystywane jako fotografie tytułowe na portalach informacyjnych w Internecie. Ich relacje względem tekstów tytułowych w oparciu o klasyfikację relacji tekstowo-obrazowych wg Winfrieda Nötha (2000) zostały omówione w poniższym artykule na podstawie wybranych przykładów publikacji w niemieckiej wersji międzynarodowego portalu informacyjnego msn.com. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, iż takie fotografie tytułowe w kontekście ich funkcji reprezentatywnej rzadko są dominujące względem tekstów tytułowych. Na ogół stoją one względem tekstów w relacji podrzędnej lub kontradyktoryjnej, co w znaczącym stopniu ogranicza ich rolę jako nośników informacji.
Osteoporosis Management in Patients with Hip Fracture post Fall
Authors: Guo Yang , Xu Ying Hua , O'Rourke Fintan , Zhang Evan 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Osteoporosis increases the risk of fragility fracture. Hip fractures are associated with poor outcomes. Men are under-screened and under-treated for osteoporosis, which tends to be secondary, and men have higher mortality and worse outcomes after hip fracture than do women. This study aimed to describe patients admitted with hip fracture following minimal trauma and to explore any gender differences in calcium and vitamin D deficiency and use of osteoporosis medication before admission. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study included all patients admitted to Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital with a fracture of the hip post fall, with or without surgery, from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. Each patient's electronic medical record was reviewed to collect data. The data were extracted and analysed using GraphPad Prism 9.5.1. Unpaired Student's t-tests and Fisher's exact test were used in the analysis. Results: A total of 203 patients were included with a mean age of 83.5 ± 8.8 years and a range of 40 to 103 years, with over half (51.2%) aged 81 to 90 years. Fifty-nine (29.1%) were male. Of 196 patients with vitamin D levels available, 78 (39.8%) had a deficiency, including 30 of 57 (52.6%) males and 48 of 139 (34.5%) females. Males were twice as likely to be vitamin D deficient as were females on admission (OR 2.106; 95% CI 1.143 to 3.939; p = 0.0243). Of 203 patients, 39 (19.2%) were on osteoporosis treatment before admission, including 6 of 59 (10.2%) male and 33 of 144 (22.9%) female patients. Males were 2.6 times more likely to have had no osteoporosis treatment before admission than were females (OR 2.626; 95% CI 1.059 to 6.340; p = 0.0486). Conclusions: Males were more likely to have vitamin D deficiency and not be prescribed osteoporosis medication before admission in a cohort of patients admitted to the hospital with hip fracture post minimal trauma. To prevent hip fracture and resultant hospitalization, increased awareness is needed in diagnosing and managing osteoporosis in men, ideally occurring in the community.
Effectiveness of Tailored Self-Management Interventions for People with Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ellen , Rodrigues Isabel B. , Li Linda C. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of tailored self-management interventions to improve health and behavioural outcomes for individuals living with chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Methods: We searched relevant databases and grey literature on January 27, 2022 (CRD42022297624). We included English language randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental trials that assessed the effect of tailored self-management on health and behavioural outcomes for individuals living with chronic MSK conditions. Eligible studies included: Individually prescribed components based on subjective and/or objective assessments; usual care or non-tailored controls; ≥1 health and behavioural outcome(s). Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2) tool and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Results: Our search yielded 1558 articles, and 21 studies were included in the review. Compared with usual care/non-tailored controls, positive effects were detected in favour of tailored interventions for pain (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.50; moderate certainty) and quality of life, SF-12/36, (SMD = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.37; high certainty) in people with inflammatory arthritis (IA) and chronic pain conditions. Similar effects were detected for pain self-efficacy (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.62; moderate certainty) and quality of life, index score (SMD = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.38; moderate certainty) across chronic MSK conditions. Conclusion: Tailored self-management interventions offer modest benefits for select health outcomes; however, clinical significance remains unclear.
Evaluation of cutout factors with small and narrow fields using various dosimetry detectors in electron beam keloid radiotherapy
Authors: Lin Yu-Fang , Hsieh Chen-Hsi , Tien Hui-Ju , Lee Yi-Huan , Chen Yi-Chun , Lai Lu-Han , Hsu Shih-Ming , Shueng Pei-Wei 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: The inherent problems in the existence of electron equilibrium and steep dose fall-off pose difficulties for small- and narrow-field dosimetry. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cutout factors for keloid electron radiotherapy using various dosimetry detectors for small and narrow fields. METHOD: The measurements were performed in a solid water phantom with nine different cutout shapes. Five dosimetry detectors were used in the study: pinpoint 3D ionization chamber, Farmer chamber, semiflex chamber, Classic Markus parallel plate chamber, and EBT3 film. RESULTS: The results demonstrated good agreement between the semiflex and pinpoint chambers. Furthermore, there was no difference between the Farmer and pinpoint chambers for large cutouts. For the EBT3 film, half of the cases had differences greater than 1%, and the maximum discrepancy compared with the reference chamber was greater than 2% for the narrow field. CONCLUSION: The parallel plate, semiflex chamber and EBT3 film are suitable dosimeters that are comparable with pinpoint 3D chambers in small and narrow electron fields. Notably, a semiflex chamber could be an alternative option to a pinpoint 3D chamber for cutout widths≥3 cm. It is very important to perform patient-specific cutout factor calibration with an appropriate dosimeter for keloid radiotherapy.
The Influence of Perceived Peer Norms on Transgender University Students' Alcohol Use
Authors: Uhrig Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

<p>Heavy drinking is prevalent in university students and is associated with concerning health consequences, but alcohol use has not been examined closely for transgender students in Canada. This study is a secondary data analysis using cross-sectional data from 64,650 Canadian university students. The study's aims included describing patterns of alcohol use and alcohol-related harms for students with different gender identities and determining if gender identity moderated associations between alcohol use and alcohol-related harms and between descriptive norms and alcohol outcomes. Differences in alcohol outcomes were observed between cisgender men and cisgender women, between cisgender and transgender participants, and between three transgender subgroups. A moderating effect of gender identity was observed for binary versus nonbinary students' alcohol use and for cisgender women versus cisgender men. Directions for future research include considering the effect of gender minority stress and clinical implications include addressing suicidal ideation and sexual violence in transgender students. </p>
Relation between interleukin-13 and annexin-V levels and carotid intima-media thickness in nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Elsehmawy Asmaa , Gouda Rasha Mahmoud , Diab Fatma Elzhraa Ahmed , Saleh Ola Ismail , Galal Heba Mohamed , Al Anany Mona Gamal El Din , Abd Elgwad Salwa Samir , Hassan Marwa Mohsen , Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa Kamal , Elamir Ahmed Yousri 
Published: June 2024

Background and aim: The aim of the current study is to assess the relation between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements, renal Doppler resistive index (RI) and serum levels of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and annexin-V (An-V) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS).
Materials and methods: The present case-control study was conducted on 60 children with INS and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy children. All participants were subjected to evaluation of serum levels of IL-13 and An-V and ultrasound Doppler measurement of CIMT and renal RI.
Results: Patients expressed significantly higher An-V (5.9 ± 2.6 vs. 2.1 ± 0.8 ng/mL, p<0.001) and IL-13 (19.2 ± 7.6 vs. 3.4 ± 1.4 ng/L) levels when compared with healthy counterparts. Moreover, it was shown that patients had significantly higher CIMT (0.49 ± 0.06 vs. 0.35 ± 0.03, p<0.001) as compared to controls. No significant differences were noted between the studied groups regarding right or left RIs. Correlation analysis identified significant direct correlation between serum An-V levels and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) (r = 0.55), cholesterol (r = 0.48), triglycerides (r = 0.36), IL-13 (r = 0.92) and CIMT (r = 0.53). Similar correlations could be found between serum IL-13 levels and CIMT measurements and the corresponding parameters.
Conclusions: The present study suggests an association between higher early atherosclerosis expressed as elevated CIMT measurements in children with INS and elevated serum levels of An-V and IL-13.