bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mevalonate Metabolism Regulates Basal Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Is a Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Ginestier Christophe , Monville Florence , Wicinski Julien , Cabaud Olivier , Cervera Nathalie , Josselin Emmanuelle , Finetti Pascal , Guille Arnaud , Larderet Gaelle , Viens Patrice , Sebti Said , Bertucci François , Birnbaum Daniel , Charafe-Jauffret Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that breast tumors are organized in a hierarchy, with a subpopulation of tumorigenic cancer cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs), which sustain tumor growth. The characterization of protein networks that govern CSC behavior is paramount to design new therapeutic strategies targeting this subpopulation of cells. We have sought to identify specific molecular pathways of CSCs isolated from 13 different breast cancer cell lines of luminal or basal/mesenchymal subtypes. We compared the gene expression profiling of cancer cells grown in adherent conditions to those of matched tumorsphere cultures. No specific pathway was identified to be commonly regulated in luminal tumorspheres, resulting from a minor CSC enrichment in tumorsphere passages from luminal cell lines. However, in basal/mesenchymal tumorspheres, the enzymes of the mevalonate metabolic pathway were overexpressed compared to those in cognate adherent cells. Inhibition of this pathway with hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase blockers resulted in a reduction of breast CSC independent of inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis and of protein farnesylation. Further modulation of this metabolic pathway demonstrated that protein geranylgeranylation (GG) is critical to breast CSC maintenance. A small molecule inhibitor of the geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTI) enzyme reduced the breast CSC subpopulation both in vitro and in primary breast cancer xenografts. We found that the GGTI effect on the CSC subpopulation is mediated by inactivation of Ras homolog family member A (RHOA) and increased accumulation of P27kip1 in the nucleus. The identification of protein GG as a major contributor to CSC maintenance opens promising perspectives for CSC targeted therapy in basal breast cancer.
Interpreting “systems architecting”
Authors: Emes M. R. , Bryant P. A. , Wilkinson M. K. , King P. , James A. M. , Arnold S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe UK Chapter of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE UK) commissioned research to illustrate the variety of usage of the terms architecture and architecting in the systems engineering community. These terms, though widely used, are rarely strictly defined, and the meaning attributed to the terms is not consistent even in formal publications. Using soft systems methodology, this research has analyzed three published sources (MODAF [http://www.modaf.org.uk, 2008], The Art of Systems Architecting by Maier and Rechtin [CRC Press, 2009], and ISO/IEC 42010 [2011]), and conducted a series of interviews with systems architecting practitioners. This research was set in context by a historical review of the use of the term systems architecting. Twelve contentious questions in systems architecting are discussed, and six perspectives on systems architecting presented, including three basic worldviews of the relationship between systems engineering and systems architecting. One model sees systems architecting as simply a rebranding of systems engineering to broaden its appeal with no change in content. Another model sees systems engineering restricted to its traditional processes, with systems architecting adding to systems engineering through external processes. The final model, and the most popular among the systems engineering community surveyed, sees systems architecting addressing shortcomings in traditional sequential lifecycle models by stretching the content of systems engineering to include new elements under the banner of systems architecting. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 15.
Do pocket‐sized ultrasound machines have the potential to be used as a tool to triage patients in obstetrics and gynecology?
Authors: Sayasneh A. , Preisler J. , Smith A. , Saso S. , Naji O. , Abdallah Y. , Stalder C. , Daemen A. , Timmerman D. , Bourne T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the performance and potential impact on patient management of a pocket‐sized ultrasound machine (PUM) in comparison to high‐specification ultrasound machines (HSUM).MethodsThis was an observational cohort study with 204 unselected patients in three categories: 1) women with pain and bleeding in early pregnancy (101 patients); 2) women presenting for routine obstetric ultrasound assessment (53 patients); 3) women with possible gynecological pathology (50 patients). Scans were carried out transabdominally using a PUM. A second operator repeated the examination transvaginally and/or transabdominally, depending on the clinical indication, using an HSUM. The operators were blind to each other's findings.ResultsIn the early pregnancy group, there was good to very good agreement between the PUM and HSUM for identifying the presence or absence of an embryo, gestational sac, fetal heart motion, pregnancy location and final diagnostic outcome (kappa coefficients, 0.844, 0.843, 0.729, 0.785 and 0.812, respectively; P < 0.0001). In the obstetric ultrasound group there was good to very good agreement for fetal presentation, placental location and placental position (kappa coefficients, 0.924, 0.924 and 0.647, respectively; P < 0.0001). In the gynecological pathology group, there was very good agreement for final diagnosis and type of ovarian mass (low risk or complex) (kappa coefficients, 0.846 and 0.930, respectively; P < 0.0001). For the measured continuous variables, there was close agreement for crown–rump length, mean sac diameter, femur length and mean diameter of an ovarian mass, but not for endometrial thickness. Neither patient demographics (age, body mass index, ethnicity) nor operator experience and familiarity with a PUM had an impact on agreement between the two machines. If a PUM had been the only equipment available for an initial assessment, only two cases would have led to a suboptimal patient management plan.ConclusionThe findings and final diagnosis in the three study groups were similar for both a PUM used transabdominally and an HSUM used transvaginally and/or transabdominally. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of absent pulmonary valve syndrome: contemporary single‐center experience and review of the literature
Authors: Wertaschnigg D. , Jaeggi M. , Chitayat D. , Shannon P. , Ryan G. , Thompson M. , Yoo S. J. , Jaeggi E. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo review the anomaly spectrum of prenatally detected absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) and the outcome after diagnosis. Previous fetal studies reported survival rates of ≤ 25% for patients with intended postnatal care.MethodsClinical data and echocardiograms of 12 cases with a fetal diagnosis of APVS between 2000 and 2010 were analyzed in this retrospective single‐center study. Collected parameters included: gestational age at referral, associated fetal abnormalities, cardiothoracic ratio, maximum diameters of pulmonary annulus and main and branch pulmonary arteries, ventricular dimensions and function as well as ventricular Doppler flows. Karyotyping included fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for microdeletion 22q11.2.ResultsMedian gestational age at diagnosis was 24 weeks. Three subtypes of APVS were observed: (1) with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and no arterial duct (n = 10; 83%); (2) isolated, with a large arterial duct (n = 1; 8%); and (3) with tricuspid atresia, right ventricular dysplasia and a restricted duct (n = 1; 8%). The cardiothoracic ratio and pulmonary artery dimensions were increased in all cases. The karyotype was abnormal in 70% of fetuses with TOF and their mortality rate was significantly higher due to pregnancy termination (n = 3) or perinatal demise (n = 2) (hazard ratio, 5; 95% CI, 0.87−28.9; P = 0.015). Of seven live births with active postnatal care, six children (86%) were alive without residual respiratory symptoms at a median follow‐up of 4.7 (range, 2.1−10.6) years.ConclusionOutcome after fetal diagnosis of APVS was significantly better in this study compared with those of previous fetal series, with a low mortality rate for actively managed patients.
Pulmonary outflow tract obstruction in fetuses with complex congenital heart disease: predicting the need for neonatal intervention
Authors: Quartermain M. D. , Glatz A. C. , Goldberg D. J. , Cohen M. S. , Elias M. D. , Tian Z. , Rychik J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify prenatal echocardiographic markers that could predict the need for neonatal intervention in fetuses with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 52 fetuses with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Echocardiograms were evaluated for fetuses with either two‐ventricle anatomy with a large ventricular septal defect or single‐ventricle anatomy. Fetuses with pulmonary atresia were excluded. Parameters were compared between groups that did and did not require an intervention at age < 30 days.ResultsFifty‐two fetuses were studied; 20 (38%) underwent neonatal intervention and 32 (62%) did not. The most common diagnosis was tetralogy of Fallot (n = 32). Fetuses with two ventricles that required an intervention had lower pulmonary valve diameter Z‐score (PV‐Z‐score) (−4.8 ± 2.1 vs −2.6 ± 1.1; P = 0.0002) and lower pulmonary valve to aortic valve annular diameter ratio (PV/AoV) (0.53 ± 0.15 vs 0.66 ± 0.1; P = 0.003). Using a PV/AoV ratio of < 0.6 or a PV‐Z‐score of < −3 at final echocardiographic examination was highly sensitive (92%) but poorly specific (50%), whereas classifying direction of flow in the ductus arteriosus as either normal (all pulmonary‐to‐aorta) or abnormal (aorta‐to‐pulmonary or bidirectional) was both highly sensitive (100%) and specific (95%) for predicting the need for a neonatal intervention. Parameters for the single‐ventricle cohort did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsAnalysis of the pulmonary outflow tract and ductus arteriosus flow in the fetus with complex congenital heart disease can aid in identifying those that will require a neonatal intervention to augment pulmonary blood flow. This has important implications for the planning of delivery strategies.
Synthesis and Characterization of the New Mixed Valent Compound Mn5VO8
Authors: Clemens Oliver , Haberkorn Robert , Kohlmann Holger , Springborg Michael , Beck Horst Philipp 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis and characterization of the new compound Mn5VO8. This phase is the only known ternary mixed valent compound in the system MnO‐Mn2O3‐V2O5 and crystallizes in a so far unknown crystal structure, which leads to coordination for the Jahn‐Teller cation Mn3+ in distorted octahedra (elongated and compressed, respectively). The material can be prepared by solid state reaction at 900 °C in a monoclinic [a = 19.5605(10) Å, b = 6.2184(3) Å, c = 5.4276(3) Å, β = 100.078(4)°, C2/m, Z = 4] as well as in a triclinic [a = 5.4320(2) Å, b = 6.2066(2) Å, c = 10.2443(4) Å, α = 107.035(3)°, β = 99.469(3)°, γ = 90.422(4)°, P$\bar{1}$, Z = 2] modification, depending on the composition of the starting material mixture (7MnO + V2O5 versus 0.5Mn2O3 + 4MnO + 0.5V2O5). Quantum mechanical calculations were carried out in order to get more detailed information on the material. Thereby, ionic charges could be assigned to the manganese atoms at the different crystallographic sites.
Stabilization of an Intramolecularly Coordinated Stannylidenium Cation
Authors: Martincová Jana , Dostál Libor , Růžička Aleš , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Jambor Roman 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe treatment of trans‐{[2, 6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3]SnI}2PtI2 with Na(pyt) (pyt = 2‐mercaptopyridine) yielded the unprecedented complex {{[2, 6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3]Sn}Pt(μ‐pyt)2I} (1), where a Sn←N coordinated stannylidenium (LSnII)+ fragment donates a to a [PtII(pyt)2I]– anion. Compound 1 was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and molecular structure was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The bonding situation in 1 was analyzed by DFT studies.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Mixed Organoboron/Organomercury Compounds
Authors: Melaimi Mohand , Gabbaï François P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAs part of our ongoing interest in the synthesis and reduction chemistry of organoboron species, we have investigated the synthesis of mixed organoboron/organomercury complexes by reaction of the Li(THF)4 salt of dimesityl‐1, 8‐naphthalenediylborate with 1, 2‐(HgCl)2C6F4 and 1, 3‐(HgCl)2C6F4, respectively. The resulting tetranuclear B2Hg2 complexes (2 and 3, respectively) were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The cyclic voltammogram of complex 2, which features a B–Hg–Hg‐B core connected by an ortho‐phenylene (Hg–Hg connection) and two peri‐naphthalenediyl linkers (B–Hg connection), shows significant coupling of the two electroactive boryl units, presumably via a direct σ interaction of the vacant p orbitals of the four neighboring Lewis acids. This conclusion is supported by DFT calculations, which show that the LUMO of 2 spans the four Lewis acids, with a major in phase contribution from the boron 2p orbitals and the mercury 6p orbitals.
Multidimensional CAT Item Selection Methods for Domain Scores and Composite Scores: Theory and Applications
Authors: Yao Lihua 
Published: May 2012

Multidimensional computer adaptive testing (MCAT) can provide higher precision and reliability or reduce test length when compared with unidimensional CAT or with the paper-and-pencil test. This study compared five item selection procedures in the MCAT framework for both domain scores and overall scores through simulation by varying the structure of item pools, the population distribution of the simulees, the number of items selected, and the content area. The existing procedures such as Volume (Segall in Psychometrika, 61:331–354, 1996), Kullback–Leibler information (Veldkamp & van der Linden in Psychometrika 67:575–588, 2002), Minimize the error variance of the linear combination (van der Linden in J. Educ. Behav. Stat. 24:398–412, 1999), and Minimum Angle (Reckase in Multidimensional item response theory, Springer, New York, 2009) are compared to a new procedure, Minimize the error variance of the composite score with the optimized weight, proposed for the first time in this study. The intent is to find an item selection procedure that yields higher precisions for both the domain and composite abilities and a higher percentage of selected items from the item pool. The comparison is performed by examining the absolute bias, correlation, test reliability, time used, and item usage. Three sets of item pools are used with the item parameters estimated from real live CAT data. Results show that Volume and Minimum Angle performed similarly, balancing information for all content areas, while the other three procedures performed similarly, with a high precision for both domain and overall scores when selecting items with the required number of items for each domain. The new item selection procedure has the highest percentage of item usage. Moreover, for the overall score, it produces similar or even better results compared to those from the method that selects items favoring the general dimension using the general model (Segall in Psychometrika 66:79–97, 2001); the general dimension method has low precision for the domain scores. In addition to the simulation study, the mathematical theories for certain procedures are derived. The theories are confirmed by the simulation applications.
Magnified Endoscopy Combined with Narrow Band Imaging of Minimal Superficial Esophageal Neoplasia—Indicators to Differentiate Intraepithelial Neoplasias
Authors: Mochizuki Yosuke , Saito Yasuharu , Kobori Ayako , Ban Hiromitsu , Shioya Makoto , Nishimura Takashi , Inatomi Osamu , Bamba Shigeki , Tsujikawa Tomoyuki , Ishida Mitsuaki , Andoh Akira , Fujiyama Yoshihide 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Purpose
Clinical application of narrow band imaging facilitates diagnosis of esophageal neoplasia. However, no previous investigation has been conducted on magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow band imaging in detection of minimal superficial esophageal neoplasia, which is defined as neoplasia <10 mm in diameter. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the usefulness of this combined technique in the differential diagnosis of minimal superficial esophageal neoplasia.

Methods
Between January 2005 and November 2011, 53 minimal superficial esophageal neoplasias in 40 patients were diagnosed by screening upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with narrow band imaging at our hospital. We investigated findings including brownish dots, brownish epithelium, and demarcation line of minimal superficial esophageal neoplasia diagnosed histopathologically as low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma.

Results
Significantly more brownish dots (P < 0.05) and brownish epithelium (P < 0.005) were observed in intraepithelial papillary capillary loops in high-grade neoplasia compared with low-grade neoplasia. When minimal superficial esophageal neoplasia was diagnosed as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or squamous cell carcinoma, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 88.9, 42.9, 44.4, and 88.2 %, respectively, for brownish dots; 94.4, 51.4, 50.0, and 94.7 %, respectively, for brownish epithelium; and 66.7, 62.9, 48.0, and 78.6 %, respectively, for demarcation line.

Conclusions
The combined technique was useful in the differential diagnosis of minimal superficial esophageal neoplasia.
Prospective links between social anxiety and adolescent peer relations
Authors: Tillfors Maria , Persson Stefan , Willén Maria , Burk William J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examines bi‐directional links between social anxiety and multiple aspects of peer relations (peer acceptance, peer victimization, and relationship quality) in a longitudinal sample of 1528 adolescents assessed twice with one year between (754 females and 774 males; M = 14.7 years of age). Lower levels of peer acceptance predicted increases in social anxiety. Social anxiety predicted decreases in relationship support for males and increases in peer victimization for females. Collectively our findings suggest that peers seem to play a significant role for adolescent mental health and social anxiety seems to interfere with healthy peer relations. Importantly, developmental pathways for social anxiety seem to differ for adolescent females and males.
Harm reduction, human rights, and access to information on safer abortion
Authors: Erdman Joanna N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA harm reduction and human rights approach, grounded in the principles of neutrality, humanism, and pragmatism, supports women's access to information on the safer self‐ use of misoprostol in diverse legal settings. Neutrality refers to a focus on the risks and harms of abortion rather than its legal or moral status. Humanism refers to the entitlement of all women to care and concern for their lives and health, to be treated with respect, worth, and dignity, and to the empowerment of women to participate in decision‐making and political action. Pragmatism accepts the historical reality that women will engage in unsafe abortion, including self‐induction, while addressing factors that render them vulnerable to this reality, and requires assessment of interventions to reduce abortion‐related harms on evidence of their real rather than intended effect. Criminal law reform is a necessary conclusion to a harm reduction and human rights approach.
Frozen mounds in Gorny Altai: geophysical and geochemical studies
Authors: Epov M.I. , Balkov E.V. , Chemyakina M.A. , Manshtein A.K. , Manshtein Yu.A. , Napreev D.V. , Kovbasov K.V. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The importance of pre-excavation permafrost detection within ancient burial mounds in the Altai by geophysical methods is hard to overestimate. There was no way of detecting small quantities of frozen ground or ice under stone mounds, and this is a topical issue in Russian archeology. Frozen mounds, which retain organic matter owing to natural processes, are an exceptional source of information about historical and cultural processes in the Early Iron Age. Pre-excavation geophysical prospecting is especially important in the context of global warming, which might destroy a whole layer of cultural and historical information.
The integrated geophysical studies conducted in recent years focused on a group of archeological sites of the Pazyryk culture whose burial constructions are very likely to contain frozen artifacts. As a rule, such burial mounds are located at a considerable altitude and contain permafrost, which creates unique conditions for the preservation of artifacts. Such localities include the Ukok high plateau (southern Altai) and the northwestern part of Mongolian Altay. Systematic field studies were conducted on the Ukok Plateau in 2003 and 2007 and in the adjacent territory of Mongolian Altay in 2005 and 2006. The following geophysical methods were used: vertical electrical sounding (VES), electrical tomography (ET), shallow frequency scanning, georadiolocation, magnetic susceptibility measurements, gamma-ray spectrometry, and chromatography. The field works were planned with a heavy reliance on the 3D mathematical simulation of electric and EM fields, which is meant for a realistic estimate of the possibilities of geoelectrics and the best ways of its application to burial-mound studies and data interpretation.
The excavations conducted in 2006 in northwestern Mongolia within the Altai Mts. confirmed the geophysical prediction of permafrost at all the sites identified by the geophysical studies in 2005. In one of the mounds, they yielded a unique intact tomb of a Scythian warrior.
Forward and inverse self-potential modeling: a new approach1
Authors: Dmitriev A.N. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Software has been designed for forward and inverse modeling of natural self-potential (SP) fields which allows simulating the geoelectric patterns simultaneously for up to 29 sheet-like and prismatic electrostatically polarized conductors. The cross sections for a number of ore fields obtained by inversion with the new SPI-SV code (self-potential inversion, Siberian version) have been corroborated by later drilling and are consistent with reference geologic sections used in algorithm testing. SPI-SV simulation can provide high-quality assessment of mineral deposits and, furthermore, allows approaching global-scale investigation into the natural self potential of crust and mantle.