bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects And Optimization Of Selected Operating Variables On Laccase Production From Pycnoporus Sanguineus In Stirred Tank Reactor.
Authors: Saat M. Naziz , M Annuar M. Suffian , Alias Zazali , Bakar Baki 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The effects of selected variables in the production of laccase by Pycnoporus sanguineus using 2 L stirred tank reactor were investigated. Three operating variables namely agitation rate, aeration rate and pH were studied and optimized for maximum enzyme production. Screening experiments of the three variables were done using 2 level full factorial design (FFD). Analysis on factorial screening indicated laccase production was significantly influenced by agitation rate and pH and not aeration rate. The effect of agitation and pH were further optimized using face centered central composite (FCCCD) with fixed aeration rate. The initial factorial screening was augmented with new experiments in order to produce face-centered design for the optimization. Statistical analysis indicated the experimental data fitted well a quadratic model. Model validation was done through residual analysis. Maximum laccase production of 67.1 U L-1 was predicted and experimentally validated under the proposed optimum conditions.
Effect of whey pretreatments on lactose recovery
Authors: Akbari Zahra , Zokaee Ashtiani Farzin , Ghomashchi Talat 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The removal of cheese whey proteins and lactose recovery represent an important task both in environmental and in food sciences. Lactose has a number of unique properties which can be used in a variety of food and pharmaceutical products. The recovery of lactose from whey is accomplished by the simple process of concentration and crystallization. Preparation of various grades of lactose generally includes methods removing whey protein and ash component prior to crystallization. The most important pretreatments which are considered in this study, have been done by using lime, Al2O3, FeCl3 and AlCl3 along with heating and also acidic-alkaline method. Whey after pretreatments and lactose crystals were analyzed for lactose, ash, protein and mineral composition. Results show that the best way for removal of protein is accomplished with adding HCl to decrease pH from 6 to 4, boiling for 20 min, and filtering protein aggregates. Also partial demineralization in whey solution for reducing ash is accomplished by adding NaOH to increase pH to 7.2 and heating solution for 20 min. Whey concentration was carried out in evaporator under vacuum at 62Â°C. For lactose crystallization, a crystallizer which equipped with temperature controller and stirrer is used. Results show that removal of protein along with partial demineralization would improve lactose purity up to 99%.
Rheological behaviour of dextran sulfate solutions
Authors: Farahnaky Asgar , Allahdad Zahra , Aminlari Mahmoud , Majzoobi Mahsa , Askari Hamed , Ramezani Roghayieh 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the rheological behaviour of dextran sulfate solutions under different conditions. A PC controlled rotational viscometer with a cone and plate geometry equipped with a temperature controlled unit was used to measure apparent viscosity of dextran solutions at different temperatures (25, 40 and 60 oC) and concentrations (2, 5, 10 and 20%). Viscosity tests of dextran sulfate solutions were performed at a range of shear rates (8-230 1/s) and the rheological data were fitted using the Power Law equation to get consistency and flow behaviour indices. The results indicated that all dextran sulfate solutions showed Newtonian flow behaviour. The viscosity of dextran sulfate solutions was significantly affected by temperature, e.g. the viscosity of a 5% solution at 25, 40 and 60 oC was 16.7, 12.7 and 10.7 mPa.s, respectively.
The effect of NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) and AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) on physical, chemical, colour and mechanical properties of Braeburn apple
Authors: Ozkan Yakup , Altuntas Ebubekir , Ozturk Burhan , Yildiz Kenan , Saracoglu Onur 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Recently, plant growth regulators have been used for multiple purposes in tree fruits. NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) and AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) have been widely used in apple fruit. NAA and AVG have been used to control preharvest fruit drop and improve the quality of fruit. In this study, the effects NAA (20 mgL–1), AVG (500 mgL–1) and control (non treatment) treatments on physical, chemical, colour characteristics and mechanical properties of apple (cv. Braeburn) were investigated. The higher length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, fruit mass, surface area, projected area, volume, fruit and bulk densities were obtained in AVG treatment. Total acidity, total soluble solid content and starch starch index were higher in control as compared to NAA and AVG treatments. Total phenolic content of the flesh apple was higher than the other treatments. While total antioxidant activities of skin and flesh fruit were higher in AVG according to FRAP method, total monomeric anthocyanin was lower in AVG as compared to the other treatments. AVG treatment generally had positive impacts on fruit removal force, skin and flesh firmnesses because retarding the fruit ripening.
Impact of Oleifera Powder on Nutritional and Function Properties of Wheat Flour Product
Authors: Liu Xue , Liu Shaowei , Lu Yanhua 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Wheat flours was substituted with 0, 10, 20, and 30% Moringa leaf in order to study physicochemical, Rheological and textural properties of tortillas. All mixed samples, as % Moringa leaf increased, RVA peak viscosity, mixograph peak time, and peak height decreased. At all Moringa leaf levels, peak viscosity and peak height were significantly lower for processed tortillas as compared uncooked. Phase transition properties exhibited consistent decreasing trends with respect to moisture content, and were reduced by as much as 67.7 and 48.8%, respectively. As the percent Moringa leaf and storage time increased, the quality of tortillas (specific volume, rollability, and extensibility) deteriorated for all levels of Moringa leaf substitution tortillas.
Calculating acid-base and oxygenation status during COPD exacerbation using mathematically arterialised venous blood
Authors: Rees Stephen E. , Rychwicka-Kielek Beate A. , Andersen Bjarne F. , Bibi Rana , Pedersen Jan F. , Weinreich Ulla M. , Birket-Smith Lene B. , Kristensen Søren R. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background: Repeated arterial puncture is painful. A mathematical method exists for transforming peripheral venous pH, PCO2 and PO2 to arterial eliminating the need for arterial sampling. This study evaluates this method to monitor acid-base and oxygenation during admission for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: Simultaneous arterial and peripheral venous blood was analysed. Venous values were used to calculate arterial pH, PCO2 and PO2, with these compared to measured values using Bland-Altman analysis and scatter plots. Calculated values of PO2 were assessed with previously defined rules. Differences between maximal changes of calculated and measured values were compared using a t-test, with trends analysed by inspection of plots.

Results: Fifty-four patients, median age 67 years (range 62–75), were studied on average 3 days. Mean values of pH, PCO2 and PO2 were 7.432±0.047, 6.8±1.7 kPa and 9.2±1.5 kPa, respectively. Calculated and measured arterial pH and PCO2 agreed well, differences having small bias and SD (0.000±0.022 pH, –0.06±0.50 kPa PCO2), significantly better than venous blood alone. Calculated PO2 obeyed the clinical rules. Calculated values could track patients, with no significant differences in maximal changes in measured and calculated values (pH p=0.96, PCO2 p=0.62, PO2 p=0.33), and time-course plots matching quantity and pattern of change in measurements.

Conclusions: This study shows that arterial pH, PCO2 and PO2 can be calculated from peripheral venous values so as to characterise changes seen during exacerbation. Application of the method has potential to reduce arterial sampling, decrease discomfort and enable venous sampling as routine practice.
Interspecies scaling of biliary excreted drugs: prediction of human clearance and volume of distribution
Authors: Mahmood Iftekhar 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background: Interspecies differences in biliary excretion and the differences in bile flow rates make scaling across species difficult for drugs that are excreted in the bile. The objective of this study is to predict clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) for humans from animals for drugs that are excreted in the bile.

Methods: Clearance values of 10 drugs known to be excreted in the bile were selected from the literature. Scaling of CL was performed using at least three animal species. Using simple allometry and the rule of exponents (ROE), clearances of studied drugs were predicted in humans. Besides using the ROE, a ‘correction factor’ was applied adjusting bile flow rate based on the species body weight (bile flow mL/day/kg body weight) or liver weight (bile flow mL/day/kg liver weight). Using the ROE and combining it with the ‘correction factor’, the clearances of biliary excreted drugs were predicted for humans. V for 15 drugs (without any correction factor) that are excreted in the bile was also predicted for humans.

Results: The results of the study indicated that the ROE in association with the correction factors developed for the biliary excreted drugs substantially improved the prediction of human clearance for drugs that are excreted in the bile. In this study, there was no indication (unlike clearance) that the prediction of volume of drug distribution was affected (systematically under- or over-prediction) because of biliary excretion.

Conclusions: The clearance of drugs that are excreted in the bile can be predicted with reasonable accuracy using ROE and a correction factor.
Some 𝐇1𝔉-groups with unbounded torsion and a conjecture of Kropholler and Mislin
Authors: Gandini Giovanni , Nucinkis Brita E. A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Kropholler and Mislin conjectured that groups acting admissibly on a finite-dimensional G-CW-complex with finite stabilisers admit a finite-dimensional model for E
𝔉
G, the classifying space for proper actions. This conjecture is known to hold for groups with bounded torsion. In this note we consider a large class of groups 𝔘 containing the above and many known examples with unbounded torsion. We show that the conjecture holds for a large subclass of 𝔘.
The lifespan for 3-dimensional quasilinear wave equations in exterior domains
Authors: Helms John , Metcalfe Jason 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
This article focuses on long-time existence for quasilinear wave
equations with small initial data in exterior domains. The
nonlinearity is permitted to fully depend on the solution at the
quadratic level, rather than just the first and second derivatives of
the solution. The corresponding lifespan bound in the boundaryless
case is due to Lindblad, and Du and Zhou first proved such long-time
existence exterior to star-shaped obstacles. Here we relax the
hypothesis on the geometry and only require that there is a
sufficiently rapid decay of local energy for the linear homogeneous
wave equation, which permits some domains that contain trapped rays.
The key step is to prove useful energy estimates involving the scaling
vector field for which the approach of the second author and Sogge
provides guidance.
Detection of iron-chelating and iron-reducing compounds in four brown rot fungi
Authors: Steenkjær Hastrup Anne Christine , Jensen Trine Østergaard , Jensen Bo 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The presence of iron-chelating and iron-reducing compounds has been evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in the four brown rot fungi Meruliporia incrassata (M. incrassata), Gloeophyllum trabeum (G. trabeum), Coniophora puteana (C. puteana) and Serpula lacrymans (S. lacrymans). Samples of actively growing mycelium from liquid growth media, decayed wood, and agar plate cultures were in focus. Iron-chelating compounds were found in all four species, with the highest reactivity in G. trabeum and S. lacrymans, and the lowest in M. incrassata. Iron-reducing activity, measured in the liquid medium, was found in all four fungi. However, in wood extractions, S. lacrymans was not effective in this regard, although the agar grown mycelium of this fungus showed the highest iron-reducing capacity of the four. The presence of both catecholate and hydroxamate chelators was detected in all four species. G. trabeum showed the highest concentration overall of extracellular chelators, including both catecholate and hydroxamate derivatives.
What about ST waveform analysis signal quality in the second stage of labor? A case-control study
Authors: Berakdar Isabelle , Gaucherand Pascal , Doret Muriel 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate ST waveform analysis (STAN) signal quality during the second stage of labor by comparing signal quality in the first and second stages of labor.

Methods: Fifty women who delivered vaginally were randomly selected in a large prospective database including all women with STAN monitoring during labor. Quality signal was analyzed during the second stage of labor (Period B) and during the same period of the first stage of labor (Period A), just preceding active pushing. STAN signal quality was evaluated using seven variables. Main outcome was the presence of at least one signal loss >4 min.

Results: At least one signal loss >4 min was present for, respectively, 4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–9.43) of patients in Period A and 28% (95% CI 15.5–40.5) of patients in Period B (P<0.05). A significant difference was detected for all variables analyzed between the two periods (P<0.05).

Conclusion: STAN quality signal deteriorates in the second stage of labor compared to that in the first stage. As guidelines clearly indicate that signal quality influences the decision process, it should be carefully and systematically checked before including STAN analysis in the decision-making.
Störer gesellschaftlicher Ordnung
Authors: Wustmann Claudia , Neef Katharina 
Published: August 2012

Zusammenfassung
Religionsgemeinschaften – besonders solche, die innerhalbeiner Gesellschaft eine gewisse Majorität beanspruchen können – sehen sichzumeist gezwungen, sich von anderen, konkurrierenden Gemeinschaften, insbesonderedivergierenden Strömungen der eigenen Tradition, abzugrenzen. In Beschreibungendevianter Gruppierungen, sogenannter Sekten, sind es vor allemsoziale Stigmata, mit denen die „Sektierer“ immer wieder belegt werden: Sektenseien unmoralisch in vielerlei Hinsicht; ihre Anhänger sexuell deviant und seltsamen,nicht den ständischen Gegebenheiten entsprechenden Umgang miteinanderpflegend. Der religiöse Habitus sei ohnehin lediglich Tarnung für Personenoder Gruppen, die nur an das Geld der Einfältigen wollten. Diese und ähnlicheVorwürfe finden sich durch die Jahrhunderte in Häresiographien, Sektenratgebernund letztlich in der öffentlichen Diskussion. Denn ebenso wie diese Topoinicht unbedingt religiöse Bezüge aufweisen, finden sie sich nicht nur in religiösenDiskursen, sondern nehmen auch in der Literatur über dezidiert areligiöse Gruppen,etwa den Deutschen Monistenbund, einen festen Platz ein. Durch dieseKontinuität der Motive sowie sprachlichen Muster eignen sich Sektendebattenbzw. die Literatur über Sekten, um historische Toleranzgrenzen und Konstruktionendes Anderen auszuloten. Damit potentiell raum- und zeitübergreifend amQuellenmaterial deklinierbar, beschränken sich die im Folgenden gewählten Beispieleaus Gründen einer stringenten Argumentationslinie weitgehend auf dieFrühe Neuzeit und Moderne im deutschsprachigen Raum; dadurch platzieren sichdie Belege sowohl in einem kulturellen Kontinuum als auch in einem Rahmengesellschaftlichen Wandels, der die Gleichartigkeit wie auch die Anpassung unddamit scheinbare Veränderung dieser Konstruktionen aufzeigbar macht.
Der Erlebniskosmos des II. Ökumenischen Kirchentags
Authors: Binder Stefan 
Published: August 2012

Zusammenfassung
Vor dem Hintergrund der gegenwärtigen soziologischen Theoriebildungzum Event zeigt der Artikel am Beispiel des II. Ökumenischen Kirchentagsin München, wie nicht nur ein einheitliches Erleben des konkretenEvents selbst (Erlebniskosmos), sondern darüber hinaus auch eine holistischeErlebnisqualität hergestellt wird. Die Erzeugung dieses auch als entgrenzend zubeschreibenden Erlebens wird durch die Konzepte (1) Mediatisierung/Hybridisierung,(2) Gleichzeitigkeit/Verdichtung und (3) Sukzession analysiert und nachgezeichnet.Das holistische Erlebnis – und damit gleichzeitig das Gesamtevent ÖKT– wird dann im Sinne einer Praxis der Konstitution einer spezifisch postmodernenSubjektivität zur Debatte um die Moderne und den Ort der Religion inderselben in Beziehung gesetzt. Dabei wird vor allem das überkommene Paradigmader funktionalen Ausdifferenzierung als Bestimmungsmerkmal einer prekärenModerne hinterfragt und stattdessen die Alternative eines in der alltagsweltlich-populären Kultur verankerten, holistischen Modells aufgezeigt.
Bilingual ‘Tagging’ of Financial Accounts in Demotic and Greek
Authors: Mairs Rachel 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
‘Bilingual’ documents, with text in both Demotic and Greek, can be of several sorts, ranging from complete translations of the same information (e.g. Ptolemaic decrees) to those where the information presented in the two languages is complementary (e.g. mummy labels). The texts discussed in this paper consist of a number of examples of financial records where a full account in one language (L1) is annotated with brief pieces of information in a second language (L2). These L2 ‘tags’ are designed to facilitate extraction of summary data at another level of the administration, functioning in a different language, and probably also to make the document accessible to those who are not literate in the L1.
Der Name des Kronprinzen Taharqas
Authors: Meyrat Pierre 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
New interpretation of the name of Taharqa’s heir apparent Ušanahuru, only known from two monuments of Esarhaddon. The usually accepted hypothesis is discussed and rejected as unlikely, according to the rules of transcription of Egyptian into Neo-Assyrian cuneiform. A new name seems more convincing, but it never occurs in hieroglyphic sources. Another option is then considered, namely that of a Meroitic origin.
Serum and urinary concentrations of calprotectin as markers of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ortega Francisco J , Sabater Mónica , Moreno-Navarrete José M , Pueyo Neus , Botas Patricia , Delgado Elias , Ricart Wifredo , Frühbeck Gema , Fernández-Real José Manuel 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveIncreased circulating calprotectin has been reported in obese subjects but not in association with measures of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The main aim of this study was to determine whether calprotectins in plasma and urine are associated with insulin resistance.DesignWe performed both cross-sectional and longitudinal (diet-induced weight loss) studies.MethodsCirculating calprotectin concentrations (ELISA), other inflammatory markers, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism were evaluated in 298 subjects (185 with normal (NGT) and 62 with impaired (IGT) glucose tolerance and 51 T2D subjects). Calprotectin was also evaluated in urine samples from 71 participants (50 NGT and 21 subjects with IGT). Insulin sensitivity (SI, Minimal Model) was determined in a subset of 156 subjects, and the effects of weight loss were investigated in an independent cohort of obese subjects (n=19).ResultsCirculating calprotectin was significantly increased in IGT–T2D (independently of BMI) and positively associated with HOMA-IR, obesity measures, inflammatory markers, and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Similar findings were reported for calprotectin concentrations in urine. In the subset of subjects, the association of calprotectin withSIwas independent of BMI and age. In fact,SItogether with C-reactive protein contributed to 27.4% of calprotectin variance after controlling for age and blood neutrophils count. Otherwise, weight loss led to decreased circulating calprotectin in parallel to fasting glucose and HOMA-IR.ConclusionThese findings suggest that circulating and urinary concentrations of calprotectin are linked to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance beyond obesity.
Indirect Genetic Effects for Survival in Domestic Chickens (Gallus gallus) Are Magnified in Crossbred Genotypes and Show a Parent-of-Origin Effect
Authors: Peeters K , Eppink T T , Ellen E D , Visscher J , Bijma P 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThrough social interactions, individuals can affect one another’s phenotype. The heritable effect of an individual on the phenotype of a conspecific is known as an indirect genetic effect (IGE). Although IGEs can have a substantial impact on heritable variation and response to selection, little is known about the genetic architecture of traits affected by IGEs. We studied IGEs for survival in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus), using data on two purebred lines and their reciprocal cross. Birds were kept in groups of four. Feather pecking and cannibalism caused mortality, as beaks were kept intact. Survival time was shorter in crossbreds than in purebreds, indicating outbreeding depression and the presence of nonadditive genetic effects. IGEs contributed the majority of heritable variation in crossbreds (87 and 72%) and around half of heritable variation in purebreds (65 and 44%). There was no evidence of dominance variance, neither direct nor indirect. Absence of dominance variance in combination with considerable outbreeding depression suggests that survival is affected by many loci. Direct–indirect genetic correlations were moderately to highly negative in crossbreds (−0.37 ± 0.17 and −0.83 ± 0.10), but low and not significantly different from zero in purebreds (0.20 ± 0.21 and −0.28 ± 0.18). Consequently, unlike purebreds, crossbreds would fail to respond positively to mass selection. The direct genetic correlation between both crosses was high (0.95 ± 0.23), whereas the indirect genetic correlation was moderate (0.41 ± 0.26). Thus, for IGEs, it mattered which parental line provided the sire and which provided the dam. This indirect parent-of-origin effect appeared to be paternally transmitted and is probably Z chromosome linked.