bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A safety study of a B‐class CpG ODN in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Liu Li , Shen Lianzhong , Liu Xiaomeng , Yu Yongli , Li Yinzeng , Wang Liying , He Chunyan , Sun Jianning , Li Bo 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTOligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) are potent immune activators and are being tested as anti‐tumor, antimicrobial agents and as adjuvants in vaccines. Little has been reported, however, about the systematic and comprehensive safety evaluation on repeated CpG ODN administration. To investigate the safety profile of a newly developed CpG ODN, CpG 684, we conducted a 28‐day repeated dose toxicity study in rats, at dose levels of 5, 20 and 150 µg CpG 684 per rat. No abnormalities in clinical observations, growth, urinalysis and bone marrow cell counts were found in CpG 684 treated rats. CpG 684 was proved biologically active, capable of up‐regulating the expressions of CD40 and CD86 molecules. The monocyte numbers were increased at the dose levels of 20 and 150 µg per rat. The spleen weights were increased in female rats at the dose level of 150 µg per rat. Microscopically, 5, 20 and 150 µg per rat CpG 684 caused local inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperplasia of fibrous tissue at injection sites; the treatment of 5 and 150 µg per rat CpG 684 induced enhanced inflammatory reaction in inguinal lymphoid tissue, and the dose of 150 µg per rat induced cell hyperplasia in white pulp of spleen and white pulp expansion. CpG 684 at 150 µg per rat led to decreases in peripheral lymphocyte, serum globulin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase and K+ levels in female rats, and induced the decrease in serum albumin and total protein in rats of both sexes. The data from this study will provide an important reference for developing CpG 684 as an adjuvant for vaccines of human use. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Juvenile rats do not exhibit elevated sensitivity to acrylamide toxicity after oral administration for 12 weeks
Authors: Takami Shigeaki , Imai Toshio , Cho Young‐Man , Ogawa Kumiko , Hirose Masao , Nishikawa Akiyoshi 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAcrylamide (AA), a neurotoxic, testicular toxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic chemical, has been reported to be formed in processed food, and sensitivity to AA intoxication in childhood is a concern. In the present study, to clarify the general toxicological profile of AA in juvenile rats, subchronic toxicity was evaluated in F344 rats administered AA in the drinking water at 0 (control), 10, 20 and 40 ppm, presented to the dams (three per group) immediately after the birth of their litters, through lactation (3 weeks), and directly to the offspring in their drinking water after weaning for a further 9 weeks (12 weeks total). Treatment with AA caused a decrease in body weights in 20 and 40 ppm F1 females, compared with the controls. Average AA intake throughout the treatment period for the 10, 20 and 40 ppm groups after weaning was equivalent to 1.0, 2.1 and 4.4 mg kg−1 body weight per day, respectively, in males and 1.2, 2.5 and 4.9 mg kg−1 body weight per day, respectively, in females. No toxicologically significant organ weight changes were observed. AA‐induced histopathological changes were limited to focal degeneration and necrosis of the seminiferous epithelium in the testes and desquamated epithelium in the ducts of epididymides, noted only in 40 ppm males. Taken together with previous reports, juvenile rats are not necessarily more susceptible to AA‐induced toxicity as compared with young adults. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron localization and delocalization indices for solids
Authors: Baranov Alexey I. , Kohout Miroslav 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe electron localization and delocalization indices obtained by the integration of exchange‐correlation part of pair density over chemically meaningful regions of space, e.g., QTAIM atoms are valuable tools for the bonding analysis in molecular systems. However, among periodic systems only few simplest models were analyzed with this approach until now. This contribution reports implementation and evaluation of the localization and delocalization indices on the basis of solid state DFT calculations. A comparison with the results of simple analytical model of Ponec was made. In addition, a small set of compounds with ionic (NaCl), covalent (diamond, graphite), and metallic (Na, Cu) bonding interactions was characterized using this method. Typical features of different types of bonding were discussed using the delocalization indices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Characterizing the magnitude of the relation between self‐reported childhood parentification and adult psychopathology: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Hooper Lisa M. , DeCoster Jamie , White Nyshetia , Voltz Mukesha L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSeveral decades of research have shown that people who experience parentification in childhood are at an increased risk of experiencing psychopathology in adulthood. A meta‐analysis was conducted to examine the magnitude of the relation between self‐reported parentification experienced in childhood and psychopathology evidenced in adulthood. Results from 12 nonoverlapping studies (N = 2,472), which were conducted between 1984 and 2010, revealed a small significant but reliable effect (r = .14; 95% confidence interval = .10 to .18). Moderator analyses were performed to explore possible explanations for the variance evidenced between parentification and psychopathology. Moderators that were examined include population factors, methodological factors, and type of psychopathology. The present findings indicate that four factors—types of psychopathology, type of sample, race, and parentification measure used—moderated the relation between parentification and psychopathology. The meta‐analytic findings that emerged highlight the need for additional empirical research. Possible explanations and clinical implications of the findings and directions for future research are considered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–16, 2011.
Surface treatment of glass fiber and carbon fiber posts: SEM characterization
Authors: Naves Lucas Zago , Santana Fernanda Ribeiro , Castro Carolina Guimarães , Valdivia Andréa Dolores Correia Miranda , Da Mota Adérito Soares , Estrela Carlos , Correr‐Sobrinho Lourenço , Soares Carlos José 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMorphology, etching patterns, surface modification, and characterization of 2 different fiber posts: Gfp, Glass fiber post; and Cfp, carbon fiber were investigated by SEM analysis, after different surface treatments. Thirty fiber posts, being 15 Gfp and 15 Cfp were divided into a 5 surface treatments (n = 3): C‐alcohol 70% (control); HF 4%‐immersion in 4% hydrofluoric acid for 1min; H3PO4 37%‐immersion in 37% phosphoric acid for 30s; H2O2 10%‐immersion in 10% hydrogen peroxide for 20 min; H2O2 24%‐immersion in 24% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min. Morphology, etching patterns, surface modification and surface characterization were acessed by SEM analysis. SEM evaluation revealed that the post surface morphology was modified following all treatment when compared with a control group, for both type of reinforced posts. HF seems to penetrate around the fibers of Gfp and promoted surface alterations. The Cfp surface seems to be inert to treatment with HF 4%. Dissolution of epoxy resin and exposure of the superficial fiber was observed in both post groups, regardless the type of reinforcing fiber, H2O2 in both concentrations. Relative smooth surface area was produced by H3PO4 37% treatment, but with similar features to untreated group. Surface treatment of fiber post is a determinant factor on micromechanical entanglement to resin composite core. Post treatment with hydrogen peroxide resulted strength of carbon and glass/epoxy resin fiber posts to resin composite core. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship between hospital volume and outcome of gastrointestinal cancer surgery in Korea
Authors: Kim Chul‐Gyu , Kwak Eun Kyung , Lee Sang‐il 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the relationship between hospital volume and in‐hospital mortality of patients undergoing four surgical procedures for gastrointestinal cancers in Korea.MethodsUsing the database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, we identified 66,201 patients who underwent the four types of gastrointestinal resection during the period 2005–2006. Participating hospitals were divided into five groups according to their surgical volume. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, defined as death from any cause before discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of hospital volume on risk‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality.ResultsWe observed a significant relationship between hospital volume and in‐hospital mortality rate for patients undergoing the four types of cancer‐related gastrointestinal surgeries. The in‐hospital mortality rate was lower for high‐volume than for low‐volume hospitals after adjusting for patient characteristics. The differences between very‐high‐volume and very‐low‐volume hospitals ranged from 0.94% to 2.77% for the four procedures, with the largest difference observed for pancreatic resection (3.75% vs. 0.98%).ConclusionHigh‐volume hospitals had better short‐term surgical outcome than low‐volume hospitals. We confirmed the volume–outcome relationship for four cancer‐related gastrointestinal resections in Korea. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:116–123. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic impact of CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gebauer Florian , Tachezy Michael , Effenberger Katharina , von Loga Katharina , Zander Hilke , Marx Alexander , Kaifi Jussuf T. , Sauter Guido , Izbicki Jakob R , Bockhorn Maximilian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundChemokines and their receptors are known to play important roles in the tumorigenesis of many malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of the expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC).MethodsExpression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in specimens from 249 patients with PAC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray and matched with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival.ResultsExpression of CXCR4 was detected in 215 patients (86.4%) and CXCR7 in 47 patients (18.9%). No association between CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression was evident, although all the CXCR7 positive tumors were also CXCR4 positive. pT1/2 tumors showed a higher frequency of CXCR7 expression than pT3/4 tumors (P = 0.018), while more dedifferentiated tumors had elevated CXCR7 expression (P = 0.036). Overall and disease‐free survival revealed no association with either CXCR4 or CXCR7 expression.ConclusionCXCR7 is associated with tumor grade and inversely associated with tumor size and may play a potential role in tumor progression and differentiation. In contrast to previously reported data our results revealed no significant association between CXCR4 expression and clinical or pathological data. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:140–145. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do biofilms contribute to the initiation and recalcitrance of chronic rhinosinusitis?
Authors: Foreman Andrew , Jervis‐Bardy Joshua , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: April 2011

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis is a common disease whose underlying aetiopathogenesis has not been completely understood. Amongst a range of other potential environmental triggers in this disease, a role has recently been proposed for bacterial biofilms. Adopting the biofilm paradigm to explain the initiation and maintenance of this disease may help to clarify previous inconsistencies in this disease that have resulted in the role of bacteria being questioned. Of particular interest is the association of bacterial biofilms with recalcitrant disease states. Over the last five years, research has progressed rapidly since biofilms were first identified on the surface of diseased sinonasal mucosa. Their presence there has now been associated with more severe disease that is often recalcitrant to current management paradigms. Technological advances are allowing accurate characterization of the bacterial and fungal species within these biofilms, which would appear to be an important step in improving our understanding of how these bacterial communities might interact with the host to cause disease. This is an unanswered, yet highly important, question in this field of research that will undoubtedly be an area of investigation in the near future. As the body of evidence suggesting biofilms may be involved in this disease grows, research interest has switched to the development of antibiofilm therapies. Given the unique properties of bacteria existing in this form, biofilm eradication strategies will need to incorporate novel medical therapies into established surgical practices as we attempt to improve the outcomes of our most difficult patients.
Clinical significance of preoperative squamous cell carcinoma antigen in oral‐cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Wei‐Hung , Chen I‐How , Wei Fu‐Chan , Huang Jung‐Ju , Kang Chung‐Jan , Hsieh Ling‐Ling , Wang Hung‐Ming , Huang Shiang‐Fu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between elevated serum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen (SCC‐Ag) levels and shorter survival in cancer patients. Few studies, however, have investigated the role of serum SCC‐Ag levels in oral SCC (OSCC). This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between preoperative SCC‐Ag levels, clinicopathologic factors, and prognosis in OSCC patients.Study Design:Retrospective case‐control study.Methods:Seventy‐nine OSCC patients from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were retrospectively recruited between April 2008 and March 2010. Serum SCC‐Ag levels were measured preoperatively.Results:An SCC‐Ag level of ≥2.0 ng/mL was significantly associated with the pathologic tumor status (P < .001), pathologic nodal status (P = .037), lymph node extracapsular spread (P = .016), and tumor depth (>10 mm vs. ≤10 mm, P < .001). It was not significantly associated with histologic differentiation (P = 1.000). A univariate analysis revealed that positivity for SCC‐Ag was associated with disease‐free survival (DFS) (P = .034) and overall survival (OS) (P < .001). In SCC‐Ag‐positive patients, the distant metastatic rate was higher than in the SCC‐Ag‐negative patients (P = .053).Conclusions:This study demonstrated that preoperative SCC‐Ag is a good marker of pathologic lymph node metastasis, an advanced tumor stage, and a higher rate of distant metastasis. The preoperative SCC‐Ag level is a potential prognostic indicator in DFS and OS, but studies with a longer follow‐up period are needed to confirm these results.
The straight truth: Measuring observer attention to the crooked nose
Authors: Godoy Andres , Ishii Masaru , Byrne Patrick J. , Boahene Kofi D. O. , Encarnacion Carlos O. , Ishii Lisa E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Quantify attentional distraction to crooked noses pre‐ and postoperatively as compared with normal noses by using an established metric of attention in a pilot study.Study Design:Prospective, randomized, controlled experiment with crossover.Methods:An eye‐tracker system was used to record the eye‐movement patterns, called scanpaths, of 40 naive observers gazing at pictures of faces with crooked noses preoperatively or postoperatively and pictures of faces without a crooked nose included as “normals.” The fixation durations within the nasal area for each group of faces presented were compared.Results:A mixed‐design univariate analysis of variance was performed to test the hypothesis that mean fixation times in the nasal region varied by face group. The results were highly statistically significant, F(2,116) = 20.28, P = .000, η2 = 0.029. Marginal means were calculated for each nasal area of interest group with confidence intervals (normal, 2.32 [2.26‐2.38]; preoperative, 2.66 [2.58‐2.75]; postoperative, 2.43 [2.35‐2.51]). Post hoc testing with Bonferroni correction for three comparisons showed differences between the normal and preoperative groups (χ2 41.38, P = .000) and between the preoperative and postoperative groups (χ2 14.41, P = .000) but not between the normal and postoperative groups (χ24.19, P = .12).Conclusions:There were highly statistically significant differences in attention paid to the nasal area of crooked noses preoperatively and postoperatively, and there were no differences in attention to the nasal area between the postoperative noses and the normal noses. This represents a novel method for objectively evaluating attention and success of surgical procedures to minimize the appearance of deformities.
Green tea and prevention of esophageal and lung cancers
Authors: Yuan Jian‐Min 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGreen tea contains high concentrations of tea polyphenols that have shown inhibitory effects against the development, progress, and growth of carcinogen‐induced tumors in animal models at different organ sites, including the esophagus and lung. Green tea polyphenols also have shown to suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Besides antioxidative property, green tea polyphenols have pro‐oxidative activities under certain conditions and modulate phase II metabolic enzymes that can enhance the detoxification pathway of environmental toxicants and carcinogens. Although epidemiological studies have provided inconclusive results on the effect of green tea consumption against the development of esophageal and lung cancers in humans overall, the inverse association between green tea intake and risk of esophageal cancer risk is more consistently observed in studies with adequate control for potential confounders. Epidemiological studies also have demonstrated an inverse, albeit moderate, association between green tea consumption and lung cancer, especially in non‐smokers. This article reviews data on the cancer‐preventive activities of green tea extract and green tea polyphenols and possible mechanisms against the esophageal and lung carcinogenesis in experimental animals, and summarizes the current knowledge from epidemiological studies on the relationship between green tea consumption and esophageal and lung cancer risk in humans.
Modeling of Phase Inversion and Particle Stability in the Dispersion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in a Non‐polar Hydrocarbon Solvent
Authors: Luciani Carla Vanesa , Emdadi Laleh , Lee Sang Yool , Baick In Hak , Choi Kyu Yong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA detailed model is presented to analyze the phase inversion in the dispersion polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in non‐polar solvents. The reaction conditions under which the polymer particles lose stability and the reaction system phase inverts are investigated. At high solvent/monomer ratios, well‐defined micron‐sized polymer particles are produced even in the absence of stabilizer. However, low solvent/monomer ratios or stabilizer concentrations yield porous structures after a massive agglomeration of the precipitating particles. To quantify the phase inversion, a population balance equation (PBE) is derived and combined with a kinetic/thermodynamic model to develop a procedure capable of predicting the system phase inversion curve. The model predictions agree well with the experimental results. magnified image
MERRF and Kearns–Sayre overlap syndrome due to the mitochondrial DNA m.3291T>C mutation
Authors: Emmanuele Valentina , Silvers David S. , Sotiriou Evangelia , Tanji Kurenai , DiMAURO Salvatore , Hirano Michio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA 48‐year‐old man presented with a complex phenotype of myoclonus epilepsy with ragged‐red fibers (MERRF) syndrome and Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS), which included progressive myoclonus epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, hearing loss, myopathic weakness, ophthalmoparesis, pigmentary retinopathy, bifascicular heart block, and ragged‐red fibers. The m.3291T>C mutation in the tRNALeu(UUR) gene was found with 92% heteroplasmy in muscle. This mutation has been reported with MELAS, myopathy, and deafness with cognitive impairment. This is the first description with a MERRF/KSS syndrome. Muscle Nerve 44: 448–451, 2011
Nephroblastoma: does the decrease in tumor volume under preoperative chemotherapy predict the lymph nodes status at surgery?
Authors: Godzinski Jan , van Tinteren Harm , de Kraker Jan , Graf Norbert , Bergeron Christophe , Heij Hugo , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Fuchs Joerg , Cecchetto Giovanni , Audry George , Gauthier Frederic , Sandstedt Bengt ,   on behalf of the SIOP Nephroblastoma Trial & Study Committee
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundPartial nephrectomy (NSS) for unilateral nephroblastoma may be beneficial, although in case of regional lymph node (LN) involvement, radiotherapy counteracts the functional benefit of NSS. The aim is to verify whether decrease of tumor volume under preoperative chemotherapy implies clearance of regional LN.ProcedureSIOP 9301 (1993–2001) collected 1,450 localized nephroblastoma patients of whom 1,360 (93%) had sufficiently available data and were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsHistologic subtypes were classically distributed. Patients were divided in those with tumor positive LN (76, 5.5%) and those with tumor negative LN (1,284, 94.5%) at surgery. In the LN(+) group, the tumor volume changed from a median of 554 (318–772) to 192 (63–458) ml = 67% (27–88%) during preoperative ChT. In the LN(−) group—377 (200–612) to 130 (44–294) ml = 62% (28–83%) (NS). Increase of tumor volume was observed in 16% of patients with LN(+), and 11% of those with LN(−) (NS); ranges are interquartile. Initial tumor volume was significantly larger in the LN(+) patients (P = 0.00091) but not different (NS) at surgery; patients with initial tumor volume under 318 ml had the regional LN involved significantly less frequently (P = 0.00751).ConclusionsChange in tumor volume under preoperative chemotherapy is not a predictor for LN status at surgery, although larger initial volume is associated with a higher risk of LN invasion. The decrease of tumor volume is not a good criterion for the safety of NSS. The low rate of LN(+) (5.5%) indicates that this risk is low. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1266–1269. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential expression of intermediate filaments in the process of developing hepatic steatosis
Authors: Park Jung‐Eun , Kim Hyun Tae , Lee Sujin , Lee Ye‐Suk , Choi Ung‐Kyu , Kang Jeong Han , Choi Soo Young , Kang Tae‐Cheon , Choi Myung‐Sook , Kwon Oh‐Shin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObesity causes changes in fatty acid metabolism that consequently leads to fatty liver. To identify the possible proteins involved in the processes of obesity, we performed a proteomic analysis of obesity‐induced mouse liver. Male C57BL/6J mice that were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 24 wk, developed hepatic steatosis characterized by considerable increase in free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels. Body weights were measured weekly and other measurements at weeks 2, 6, 12, 16, and 24. 2‐D‐based proteomic analysis revealed that, compared with the normal diet (ND) (n=50), high‐fat diet (n=50) changed the expression of 12 protein (8 up and 4 downregulated, by a 1.5× fold change and more, p<0.05). The most pronounced difference was observed in intermediate microfilament (IF) cytoskeleton proteins. In particular, vimentin (vim) as well as cytokeratins (CK‐8 and CK‐18) were significantly upregulated in obese animals. Moreover, the level of caspase‐generated IF fragment was also positively correlated with the degree of steatosis. The results suggest a significant alteration in IF organization during the development of hepatic steatosis leading to inflammation. The expression profile of selected proteins including vim was validated by Western blot, microarray analysis, and hepatocyte morphology by immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that vim, like CK‐18, may be a useful marker for predicting obesity and liver disease.