bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic report on burnout among Japanese nurses
Authors: Kitaoka Kazuyo , Masuda Shinya 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim:  Japanese nurses have increasingly experienced “burnout” in the past several years. Studies on Japanese nurses are required in order to explore how to prevent nursing burnout. The objectives of this report were to: (i) introduce the concept, definition, and measurement of burnout; (ii) look at an overview of the prevalence, possible causes, and consequences of burnout among Japanese nurses; and (iii) explore how to prevent burnout among nurses.Methods:  The authors and co‐researchers have been studying burnout among Japanese workers for more than 15 years. Therefore, previously performed studies were reviewed and summarized.Results:  In Japan, approximately 36% of human services professionals, such as nurses, were burned out compared to 18% of civil servants, and 12% of company employees. It was quite obvious that nurses are prone to burnout. The possible causes and consequences of burnout among Japanese nurses were reviewed. Excessive workloads and interpersonal conflict in the workplace were possible causes of burnout among Japanese nurses. The consequences of nurse burnout are potentially very serious, including medical accidents/errors. Issues to prevent nursing burnout were then reviewed. Enhancement of cognitive coping skills for female nurses and problem‐solving skills for male nurses could contribute to prevention of burnout in nurses.Conclusion:  The authors' previous study revealed that the new model of the organizational context of burnout developed by Leiter and Maslach could be applied to Japanese. Further examination is needed. This report supports the call to scale up burnout prevention strategy for Japanese nurses.
Clinical Scoring System for Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Günthert Andreas R. , Duclos Kathleen , Jahns Boriana G. , Krause Elke , Amann Esther , Limacher Andreas , Mueller Michael D. , Jüni Peter 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory and mutilating disease, which goes often undetected for years. Advanced disease severely affects quality of life like sexual disorders and is also associated with an increased risk of vulvar cancer.

Aim
To develop and validate a patient-administered symptom score and a physician-administered clinical score for the diagnosis and evaluation of vulvar LS.

Methods
We included 24 patients with established LS diagnosis and 49 with other vulvar disease. The physician-administered score was based on six clinical features and the patient-administered score was a symptom-based four-item composite score. We determined inter-item correlations and internal consistency of both scores, and estimated sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratios, and posttest probabilities for different cutoffs of the physician-administered score.

Main Outcome Measures
Characteristics of patients with and without LS were compared using χ2 and unpaired t-test as required. We then determined Cronbach’s alpha as a measure of the overall consistency of scores and calculated positive and negative likelihoods.

Results
Lack of redundancy of items (correlation coefficients &lt; 0.90) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α≥ 0.70) suggested that final composite scores were valid and yielded excellent power to rule in LS.

Conclusion
Scores may be useful for assessing symptoms of vulvar disorders, to ease diagnosis of LS and to evaluate treatment response over time.
Prospective Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction, and Surgeon and Patient Trainer Assessment of the Coloplast Titan One Touch Release Three-Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis
Authors: Ohl Dana A. , Brock Gerald , Ralph David , Bogache William , Jones LeRoy , Munarriz Ricardo , Levine Laurence , Ritenour Chad 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A single-armed, prospective, multicenter international study evaluated the redesigned Coloplast Titan One Touch Release (OTR) pump inflatable penile prosthesis. The OTR pump has a unique release valve that permits deflation of the implant with one squeeze of opposing touch pads.

Aims
To assess the impact of a new penile prosthesis design, the Titan OTR, on patient ease of operation. Furthermore, to assess patient satisfaction, surgeon acceptance, and the ease with which patients were trained in device operation in the clinic setting.

Methods
A total of 113 eligible patients from eight centers were recruited from men presenting with erectile dysfunction without prior prosthetic implantation. The subjects had a mean age of 61 years, and had a number of comorbidities, including diabetes (31.9%), hypertension (34.5%), and Peyronie’s disease (23.9%). All underwent implantation of the study device.

Main Outcome Measures
Questionnaires were used to capture patient satisfaction as well as physician feedback on ease of implantation and patient education. A paired analysis was completed for patient satisfaction at 6 (N = 96) and 12 (N = 90) months.

Results
Overall satisfaction with the device was 90.6% and 90.0% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The primary end point, ease of deflation, was seen in 70.8% and 73.3% at these two time points, with the 12-month value statistically better than historical controls. Physicians overwhelmingly reported straightforward/simple intraoperative product preparation (97.3%) and equivalent or easier training compared with their previous pump of choice (96.4%). Adverse events for all subjects (N = 113) included removal of the device in four cases (3.5%) for infection and one case for chronic pain (0.8%).

Conclusions
The Titan OTR represents an advance in penile prosthetic technology that is well accepted by patients and physicians. The study design allowed for realistic evaluation of the new technology aimed at enhancing clinical outcomes.
Long-Term Revision Rate Due to Infection in Hydrophilic-Coated Inflatable Penile Prostheses: 11-Year Follow-up
Authors: Serefoglu Ege Can , Mandava Sree Harsha , Gokce Ahmet , Chouhan Jyoti D. , Wilson Steve K. , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile implant surgery continues to be an important option for men with erectile dysfunction. Advancements in technology of implants have contributed to improved survival from mechanical breakdown. Prosthesis infection remains a serious adverse event. For the last 8 years, the Titan implant (Coloplast Corporation, Minneapolis, MN, USA) has been available with an infection-retardant polyvinylpyrrolidone coating.

Aim
To compare the infection rates between coated three-piece inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs) with the previous non-coated model.

Main Outcome Measures
Infection-related revisions reported in the physician-generated, manufacturer-tabulated patient information forms (PIFs).

Methods
PIFs reported into the voluntary, post-market registry of Coloplast Corporation from July 14, 2000 to September 30, 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Infection-related revisions entered into the product evaluation database for coated and non-coated IPPs were compared. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-squared test.

Results
The database included 36,391 PIFs related to primary IPP implantation. At 11 years of follow-up, 4.6% (7,031) of non-coated IPPs were removed or replaced due to infections, whereas 1.4% (29,360) of hydrophilic-coated implants reported replacements due to device infections. The hydrophilic coating of the IPP components makes the device slippery and prevents bacterial attachment. The hydrophilic coating allows rapid absorption of antibiotics in an aqueous solution and allows these water-soluble antibiotics to elute off the device into the implant spaces. Unfortunately, information pertaining to what agents were used in the studies patients was not tabulated. The rate of revision due to device infection was reduced 69.56% in patients with hydrophilic-coated IPPs (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest post-marketing registry report related to IPP infections. At 8 years of follow-up, the hydrophilic-coated IPPs demonstrated a significant reduction in revision rates due to infection when compared with the 11-year follow-up of non-coated implants. Since there was no information or uniformity of antibiotics used in the soaking solution, it is uncertain which antibiotic selection provided the best results. In vitro testing against known infectious agents may further benefit IPP patients by reducing the prosthesis infection rate.
Divergent Molecular Mechanisms Underlay CO- and CORM-2-Induced Relaxation of Corpora Cavernosa
Authors: Decaluwé Kelly , Pauwels Bart , Boydens Charlotte , Van de Voorde Johan 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Similar to nitric oxide (NO), the principal mediator of penile erection, carbon monoxide (CO) possesses vasodilator capacities. However, whether CO could be a therapeutic target for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) is unexplored. The danger associated with systemic administration of CO has led to the development of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs), releasing CO in a local, safe and controlled way. These CORMs have shown positive outcomes in cardiovascular studies. More knowledge on the (patho)physiological functions of CO in erectile function and the potential therapeutic role of CORMs is required.

Aim
The present study aims the assessment of the effect of CO and CO donor CORM-2 on the corporal tension and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods
Organ bath studies were performed measuring isometric tension on isolated mice corpora cavernosa (CC) strips. Responses to CO (10–300 µmol/L) and CORM-2 (10–100 µmol/L) were measured in the presence/absence of activators/inhibitors of different molecular pathways.

Main Outcome Measures
CO and CORM-2 relax corporal strips concentration dependently, although the molecular mechanisms behind the corporal relaxation seem to differ completely.

Results
CO induces corporal relaxation by activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations. The molecular mechanism involved in CORM-2-induced corporal relaxation is not related to sGC activation and remains obscure.

Conclusions
Both CO and CORM-2 induce corporal relaxation, although the underlying molecular mechanisms show no resemblance. That CO induces corporal relaxation through a mechanism similar to that of NO could be of importance as it indirectly offers the possibility that endogenous CO might serve as a backup system for insufficient NO availability in cases of ED. Whether CORM-2 possesses the same capacity remains questionable and requires further research.
Assessing the Educational Needs of Mental Health Nurses Working in an Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Ward in Japan
Authors: Inoue Masue , Del Fabbro Letitia , Mitchell Marion 
Published: July 2012

PROBLEM:  In Japan, preregistration education is not sufficient to prepare nurses to work as child adolescent mental health nurses.METHODS:  Nominal group technique (NGT) using focus group discussions, and Knowles' Adult Learning Theory, were used to examine the continuing educational needs of nurses in a Japanese adolescent mental health unit.FINDINGS:  Nurses caring for adolescent patients with mental health issues need continuing education. This research demonstrates the utility of nominal group technique in needs analysis in this context.CONCLUSIONS:  Educational priorities include instruction on patients' developmental stage, promoting patient self‐sufficiency, and strategies for meeting the needs of families. A family‐centered care approach is recommended.
Ambiguity and Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships
Authors: Draucker Claire Burke , Martsolf Donna , Stephenson Pam Shockey 
Published: July 2012

PROBLEM:  Little is known about dyadic processes that lead to adolescent dating violence. The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of relationship ambiguity in adolescent dating relationships to better understand how ambiguity contributes to violence and aggression between dating partners.METHODS:  Data were drawn from 88 narratives of young adults who had participated in a study on adolescent dating violence. Interpretive phenomenology was used to produce an in‐depth description of the phenomenon of relationship ambiguity.FINDINGS:  Relationship ambiguity results in differing expectations between partners regarding closeness and intimacy, fidelity, and obligation. These differences lead to conflicts that set the stage for violence and aggression in adolescent dating relationships.CONCLUSIONS:  A series of recommendations for clinicians working with adolescents are presented.
Sources of Stress and Coping in American College Students Who Have Been Diagnosed With Depression
Authors: Aselton Pamela 
Published: July 2012

PURPOSE:  The study aims to explore the sources of stress in American college students who had been treated for depression and to discern their coping mechanisms.ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK:  A phenomenological approach using Seidman's guide to in‐depth qualitative interviews using a three‐part approach was used in the study.METHOD:  Online in‐depth interviews utilizing e‐mail with asynchronous communication were used.FINDINGS:  Sources of stress included roommate issues, academic problems, financial and career concerns, and pressure from family. Exercise, talking to friends, self‐talk, deep breathing, journaling, marijuana use, and listening to music were common coping mechanisms.CONCLUSIONS:  College students who have been treated for depression are under increasing stress today from a variety of sources. Nonmedical methods of coping were often cited as more effective than medication therapy.
Do Species Sorting and Mass Effects Drive Assembly in Tropical Agroecological Landscape Mosaics?
Authors: Livingston George , Philpott Stacy M. , de la Mora Rodriguez Aldo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRecent assessments of biodiversity in tropical agroecosystems have revealed surprisingly high functional and taxonomic diversity in systems with low management intensity. This biodiversity is the product of community assembly. Because agroecosystems are novel ecosystems and occur in landscape mosaics, the assembly processes generating communities in agroecosystems are poorly resolved. Broadly, two models have been proposed to explain landscape assembly: trade‐offs in species performance across habitats (species sorting) and source‐sink dynamics between habitats of differential quality (mass effects). These models are largely untested in tropical agroecosystems. We utilize an extensive data set on a tropical twig‐nesting ant community from five microhabitat types in a shaded coffee agroecosystem to test for species sorting, mass effects, or a mixed model. To test among these models, we used community similarity and a variance decomposition on a focal microhabitat (a moderate‐shade coffee farm) to partition community variance into spatial and environmental components. To identify the source habitat for mass effects and assess their strength, we measured dispersing alates (winged reproductives), artificial nests, and colony and nest size in shade trees and coffee. We found significant environmental and spatial signal and evidence for both species sorting and mass effects. We find sorting occurs among common species, but that mass effects are prevalent among rare species and likely originate in the shade trees. Our results indicate that both metacommunity models occur in tropical landscape mosaics, but they may not apply equally to all species in communities, habitat gradients, or timescales.
Invertébrés Sans Frontières: Large Scales of Connectivity of Selected Freshwater Species among Caribbean Islands
Authors: Page Timothy J. , Torati Lucas S. , Cook Benjamin D. , Binderup Andrew , Pringle Catherine M. , Reuschel Silke , Schubart Christoph D. , Hughes Jane M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe freshwater fauna (crustaceans, molluscs, fish) of many tropical islands in the Caribbean and Pacific share an amphidromous life‐cycle, meaning their larvae need to develop in saline conditions before returning to freshwater as juveniles. This community dominates the freshwaters of much of the tropics, but is poorly known and at risk from development, in particular dam construction. Amphidromy can theoretically lead to dispersal between different freshwater areas, even to distant oceanic islands, via the sea. The extent and scale of this presumed dispersal, however, is largely unknown in the Caribbean. Recent genetic work in Puerto Rico has shown that many freshwater species have little or no population structure among different river catchments, implying high levels of connectivity within an island, whereas between‐island structure is unknown. We used genetic techniques to infer the geographic scales of population structure of amphidromous invertebrates (a gastropod and a number of crustacean species) between distant parts of the Caribbean, in particular Puerto Rico, Panama and Trinidad. We found virtually no geographic population structure across over 2000 km of open sea for these freshwater species. This implies that they are indeed moving between islands in sea currents as larvae, meaning that continued recruitment requires a continuum of healthy habitat from the freshwater to marine environment. We further discuss the role of amphidromy and suggest its ecological and biogeographic role may be more important than previously presumed.
The NGC 7771+NGC 7770 minor merger: harassing the little one?
Authors: Alonso-Herrero Almudena , Rosales-Ortega F. Fabián , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Kennicutt Robert C. , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Díaz Ángeles I. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Numerical simulations of minor mergers, typically having mass ratios greater than 3:1, predict little enhancement in the global star formation activity. However, these models also predict that the satellite galaxy is more susceptible to the effects of the interaction than the primary. We use optical integral field spectroscopy and deep optical imaging to study the NGC 7771+NGC 7770 interacting system (∼10:1 stellar mass ratio) to test these predictions. We find that the satellite galaxy NGC 7770 is currently experiencing a galaxy-wide starburst with most of the optical light being from young and post-starburst stellar populations (&lt;1 Gyr). This galaxy lies off the local star-forming sequence for composite galaxies with an enhanced integrated specific star formation rate. We also detect in the outskirts of NGC 7770 Hα emitting gas filaments. This gas appears to have been stripped from one of the two galaxies and is being excited by shocks. All these results are consistent with a minor-merger-induced episode(s) of star formation in NGC 7770 after the first close passage. Such effects are not observed on the primary galaxy NGC 7771.
The Hypoglycemic Effects of American Red Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on a Diabetic Mouse Model
Authors: Yoo Kyung Mi , Lee Cy , Lo Y. Martin , Moon BoKyung 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:  American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) root health benefits include treatment of type 2 diabetes and this study evaluated the hypoglycemic effects of American red ginseng (ARG). ARG roots have increased bioactive phenolic contents, such as cinnamic acid and ferulic acid during the steaming process. The antihyperglycemic effects of methanol fraction extract of ARG, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid were examined using a type 2 diabetic mouse model. The ARG treated group presented relatively lower blood glucose levels than the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the glycogen and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents were significantly increased while levels of plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration were significantly decreased in the ARG treated group. The groups treated with ferulic and cinnamic acids showed similar effects as those found in the ARG treated group. Thus, it is suggested that ARG roots, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid have hypoglycemic effects in an animal model.Practical Application:  This study was conducted to elucidate the hypoglycemic effects of American red ginseng (ARG) using a type 2 diabetic mouse model. ARG showed an enhanced antioxidant capacity and higher antihyperglycemia effect. The glycogen and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents were significantly increased while levels of plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration were significantly decreased in the ARG treated group. It is suggested that ARG has a potential to be used for human diabetic treatment.
Shrimp Waste Extract and Astaxanthin: Rat Alveolar Macrophage, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Authors: Santos Suzan D. , Cahú Thiago B. , Firmino Guilherme O. , de Castro Célia C.M.M.B. , Carvalho Jr. Luiz B. , Bezerra Ranilson S. , Filho José L. Lima 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:  Astaxanthin is a carotenoid known to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. This study examined if shrimp astaxanthin modulates the production of superoxide (O−2), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in rat alveolar macrophages. The oxidative effect was induced by phorbol myristate acetate and lipopolysacharide. The treatment was compared with superoxide dismutase, butylated hydroxytoluene, commercial astaxanthin, N‐nitric‐L‐arginine methyl ester and L‐ canavanine, all administered as a 43.5‐μg/mL dose in the presence of 1% EtOH/0.5% DMSO. All treatments maintained cell viability, as observed in the MTT assay, and shrimp extract increased the viable alveolar macrophages to 168%. Shrimp extract and commercial astaxanthin showed a suppressive effect on the generation of both free radicals O−2 and NO, while purified shrimp astaxanthin was specific to NO. TNF‐α secretion was correlated with NO production. However, in this correlation, the shrimp extract completely inhibited TNF‐α. In the light of these findings, the antioxidant action demonstrated in this study suggests that the shrimp extract could be considered as a promising source of bioactive substances with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity.Practical Application:  The hydrolysis process of shrimp waste generates bioactive products that add economic value to shrimp processing, mainly because they may have applications in nutraceutical and animal feed industry.
Characterization of Lecithin Isolated from Anchovy (Engraulis japonica) Residues Deoiled by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Organic Solvent Extraction
Authors: Lee Seung‐Mi , Asaduzzaman A.K.M. , Chun Byung‐Soo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:  Lecithin was isolated and characterized from anchovy (Engraulis japonica) deoiled residues using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) at a semibatch flow extraction process and an organic solvent (hexane) extraction. SC‐CO2 extraction was carried out to extract oil from anchovy at different temperatures (35 to 45 °C) and pressures (15 to 25 MPa). Extraction yield of oil was influenced by physical properties of SC‐CO2 with temperature and pressure changes. The major phospholipids of anchovy lecithin were quantitatively analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) (68%± 1.00%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (29%± 0.50%) were the main phospholipids. Thin layer chromatography was performed to purify the individual phospholipids. The fatty acid compositions of lecithin, PC, and PE were analyzed by gas chromatography. A significant amount of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were present in both phospholipids of PC and PE. Emulsions of lecithin in water were prepared through the use of a homogenizer. Oxidative stability of anchovy lecithin was high in spite of its high concentration of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.Practical Application:  Lecithin can be totally metabolized by humans, so is well tolerated by humans and nontoxic when ingested. Lecithin from anchovy contain higher amounts of ω‐3 fatty acids especially EPA and DHA, it may have positive outcome to use in food and pharmaceutical industries.