bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha- and Beta-Prodine Type Compounds: Configurational Studies
Authors: Beckett A H , Casy A F , Kirk G , Walker J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The addition of various lithium aryl compounds to 1:3-dimethyl-4-piperidone is investigated. Those stereoisomers present as the major proportion of the respective stereoisomeric mixtures are shown to have similar infra-red absorption characteristics which are different from those exhibited by those isomers formed in minor amount. The stereochemistry of addition to 6-membered alicyclic and heterocyclic ketones is discussed; on the basis of these discussions, and the rates of hydrolysis of appropriate esters, the above isomers formed in major amount are allocated the trans (Me/Ar) configuration. The analgesic activities in mice of various stereoisomeric amino-alcohols and esters are given.
The Inactivation of Pyrogens by Gamma Radiation
Authors: Whittet T D , Hutchinson W P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Gamma irradiation in a dose of 5·0 times 106 rad reduced the pyrogenicity of London tap water but 10·0 times 106 rad was required for it to pass the B.P. test, 20 times 106 rad reduced the pyrogenicity of a pyrogen from S. abortus equi but 25 times 106 rad was required before it passed the B.P. test.
The Oxidation of Solubilised and Emulsified Oils
Authors: Carless J E , Nixon J R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The solubility of benzaldehyde in solutions of potassium laurate and cetomacrogol, has been measured at 20°. Oxidation rates of emulsified and solubilised benzaldehyde have been observed manometrically at 25°. The effect of concentration of surface-active agent on the oxidation rate of benzaldehyde has been studied. Emulsified benzaldehyde oxidised at a greater rate than solubilised benzaldehyde. Emulsified benzaldehyde was more susceptible to the action of copper catalysts than was solubilised benzaldehyde. Possible reaction mechanisms and loci of reaction are discussed.
The Non-Aqueous Titration of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Allen J , Geddes E T 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The published methods for the titration of very weak acids are reviewed and the choice of a suitable solvent, electrode system and titrant discussed. Ethylenediamine as a solvent is rejected for routine purposes because it is toxic and unpleasant in use. Dimethylformamide is a suitable solvent for phenolic substances and gives a titration curve with a step at the end point of at least 75 mV. This is nearly the bottom limit of practicability, using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in benzene and methanol as titrant. The electrode system preferred for its reliability is a glass indicator electrode and a saturated calomel half cell, slightly modified, as reference electrode.
A Comparative Examination of Some Samples of Digitoxin
Authors: Sellwood E H B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Twelve samples of digitoxin have been examined. Little difference was found between them by physical constants or by colorimetric assays using sodium picrate or xanthydrol. Three samples were more potent biologically than the others but the difference is not a simple function of the gitoxin content which ranged from a few per cent to more than 20 per cent.
THE MECHANISM OF HISTAMINE LIBERATION
Authors: Uvnäs Börje 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Theories have to be modified from time to time as fresh experimental data emerge. Recent years have brought new observations as to the localisation and the chemical binding of histamine in the tissues. Synthetic and biologically occurring histamine liberators constitute a new group of more or less specific substances and compounds, the histamine releasing properties of which were, until only a few years ago, completely unknown. The data available today necessitate reconsideration of the validity of existing theories on the mechanism of histamine liberation.
MORPHINE AND HISTAMINE RELEASE
Authors: Gershon S , Shaw F H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A wide range of drugs exert analeptic action in dogs treated with morphine; cyclizine, diphenhydramine, chlorcyclizine, Avil, tripelennamine and succinic acid. Benactyzine and Pacatal are without effect. Histamine and an antihistaminase (isoniazid) exert some alerting action in a morphine-treated dog. Morphine induces the signs of histamine release in some dogs. Histamine itself reproduces some of the side effects of morphine. Histamine-treated dogs appear to be analgesic. Rabbits and dogs, behaved similary but cats were different and variable when given antihistamine drugs after morphine. Some of the side actions of morphine are mediated by histamine release.
THE DIETHYLAMINOETHOXYETHYL ESTER OF DIETHYL-PHENYLACETIC ACID. A NEW ANTITUSSIVE AGENT
Authors: Petrow V , Stephenson O , Wild A M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The preparation is described of some dialkylaminoethoxyethyl esters (X) of diethylphenylacetic acid and of some corresponding esters of l-phenylcycfopentane-l-carboxylic acid and 4-phenyltetrahydropyran-4-carboxylic acid. These were required for biological study which revealed that the diethylaminoethoxyethyl ester (X; R = R' = Et) of diethylphenylacetic acid (Oxeladin) was the most potent antitussive agent of the present series.
ANALGESIC AND OTHER PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 1-Δ3-PIPERIDEINO-3-O-TOLOXY PROPAN-2-OL HYDROCHLORIDE (TOLPRONINE)
Authors: David A , Leith-Ross Fiona , Vallance D K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
1-Δ3-Piperideino-3-o-toloxypropan-2-ol hydrochloride, Tolpronine, possesses marked analgesic activity, being approximately 20 times as active as metamizolum subcutaneously and approximately 11 times as active orally. The induction time after subcutaneous injection is shorter than with metamizolum and the duration similar. Excessively large amounts constipate normal mice; a weak spasmolytic effect is seen in the isolated guinea pig ileum and rabbit duodenum. The jejunum of the anaesthetised cat shows a spasmogenic effect. Chronic administration to rats and rabbits caused a reduction in the growth rate of rats.
ANALGESICS. PART III. SALICYLAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Petrow V , Stephenson O 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The synthesis of some derivatives of 3-(o-aminocarbonylphenoxy)-propan-1:2-diol, 1-aryloxy-3-(o-aminocarbonylphenoxy)-propan-2-ol and NN'- bis - (3-o-aminocarbonylphenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-piperazine is described.
ANALGESICS. PART IV. SOME 3-ARYLOXY-1-Δ3-PIPERIDEINOPROPAN-2-OL DERIVATIVES
Authors: Beasley Y M , Petrow V , Stephenson O 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The synthesis of some 3-aryloxy-1-Δ3-piperideinopropan-2-ol derivatives and related types is described. Their biological study has led to the selection of 1-Δ3-piperideino-3-o-toloxypropan-2-ol hydrochloride, Tolpronine, for fuller evaluation as an analgesic agent.
THE PHARMACOGNOSY OF THE ASPIDOSPERMA BARKS OF BRITISH GUIANA: Part VI. The Microscopy of the Bark ofAspidosperma oblongum A.DC. and Summary of Parts I-VI
Authors: Kulkarni J D , Rowson J M , Trease G E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In Parts I to V of this series of papers the barks of five species of Aspidosperma have been described and illustrated. The present paper deals with the anatomy of a sixth bark, Aspidosperma oblongum A.DC, summarises the results of all six papers and provides keys for the identification of the six barks either in the whole state or in powder.
A COMPARATIVE IN VITRO EVALUATION OF A NEW BISMUTH SALT BISMUTH ALUMINATE
Authors: Bateson Peter R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Antacids commonly used to treat peptic ulcer are compared for their ability to neutralise acid and inactivate pepsin. On this basis a new bismuth salt, bismuth aluminate is compared with ten other commonly employed substances and found to be the most effective agent. All preparations are grouped according to their antacid and antipeptic properties.
ESTIMATION OF DIGOXIN AND DIGITOXIN IN DIGITALIS LANATA
Authors: Tantivatana P , Wright S E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Digoxin and digitoxin present in extracts of dried leaves of Digitalis lanata have been estimated colorimetrically with xanthydrol after paper chromatographic separation on formamide-impregnated paper, using methyl isobutyl ketone-isopropyl ether-formamide as developing solvent. The method is reasonably rapid, both glycosides may be estimated on the same Chromatograph, and it may be used for the analysis of crystalline glycosides.
THE INFLUENCE OF β-TETRAHYDRONAPHTHYLAMINE AND A DERIVATIVE ON THE CENTRAL EFFECTS OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, RESERPINE AND IPRONIAZID
Authors: Pennefather Jocelyn N , Thorp R H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
N-Methyl-N-propyl-β-tetrahydromphthylamine, a specific antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the isolated rat uterus preparation, fails to inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine potentiation of the hypnotic action of hexobarbitone in mice. The potentiating actions of reserpine and iproniazid are likewise unaffected. The action of β-tetrahydronaphthylamine as an antagonist of the potentiating action of 5-hydroxytryptamine on hexobarbitone sleeping time in mice has been confirmed, and it has also been shown to be an effective antagonist of the sleep prolonging effects of reserpine. β-Tetrahydronaphthylamine also shows a partial antagonism to iproniazid potentiation of hexobarbitone hypnosis. These results provide an example of the lack of parallelism between the central and smooth muscle actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists.
A NOTE ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIUM ON THE TOXICITY OF ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Nir-Grosfeld I , Peczenik O , Weissenberg A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The strain of mice used has been found to affect the results when testing antibiotics for freedom for undue toxicity. The results confirm those of Maffii and colleagues in some instances, but not in others, being related to the strain of mice used. No protective action was seen with cortisone.
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS CHOLINE ESTERS ON THE ADRENAL GLAND OF THE CAT
Authors: Butterworth K R , Mann Monica 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A comparison has been made between the abilities of various choline esters to cause a release of catechol amines from the adrenal gland of the atropinised cat, anaesthetised with chloralose. It was found that repeated intravenous doses of acetylcholine, carbamylcholine or benzoylcholine, but not acetyl- β-methylcholine, caused the liberation of similar proportions of adrenaline and of noradrenaline. This was irrespective of the overall degree of depletion of the glands, which ranged from 7&#x006d;̇1 per cent to 86&#x006d;̇5 per cent. Acetylcholine and benzoyl-choline were more effective than carbamylcholine in causing a release of amines.
FUNGAL GROWTH IN SYRUP OF TOLU
Authors: Wills B A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A sample of Syrup of Tolu showing fungal growth had a distinct odour resembling toluene and yielded colonies of a species of Penicillium on subculture. The isolated organisms were grown on media containing sub-inhibitory concentrations of either benzoic or cinnamic acids as sole carbon source, and in the presence of cinnamic acid the toluenelike odour was apparent. Cultures of P. nigricans and of five recently isolated species or strains within species of Penicillium behaved similarly. Attempts to characterise the product with the toluene-like odour failed because of the presence of interfering substances. Samples of tolu syrups prepared with different sucrose contents, and adjusted to different pH values, were inoculated with the isolated fungus: preparations adjusted to pH 4&#x006d;̇0–4&#x006d;̇2 appeared to support growth irrespective of sucrose concentrations within limits of 50–67 per cent w/w, provided the inoculum was large.
ANTAGONISM TO THE ACTIONS OF HYDRALLAZINE, RESERPINE, POTASSIUM CYANIDE, SODIUM AZIDE AND ANOXIA ON ARTERIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE
Authors: Kirpekar S M , Lewis J J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Many intermediates of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism give protection against the hydrallazine depression of acetylcholine, (-)-adrenaline, (-)-noradrenaline, histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions of spirally cut strips of horse carotid arteries. Strips made anoxic behave in a manner similar to hydrallazine-treated strips. Inhibition of drug-induced contractions by potassium cyanide, iodoacetate and azide was of a different character from that caused by hydrallazine and anoxia. Few intermediates gave significant protection. Hydrallazine probably exerts its effect by a non-specific depression of metabolism rather than upon specific receptors. Reserpine depression of drug-induced contractions in artery strips was so persistent that experiments using intermediary metabolites could not be made.
THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF MALARIA
Authors: Crowther A F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Man is concerned with only four well-authenticated species, Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale, of some 140 known species, of the protozoon Plasmodium which, transmitted by the female anopheline mosquito, are the cause of malaria. There is a high degree of specificity in host-parasite relationships for, with the exception of Plasmodium vivax which can produce a mild parasitaemia in chimpanzees1, none of the human parasites has yet been transmitted to other animals.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF ALKALOIDS IN RAUWOLFIA CAFFRA SOND. AND RELATED SPECIES
Authors: Court W E , Evans W C , Trease G E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In its content of reserpine, Rauwolfia caffra root-bark compares favourably with other species. The highest proportion of reserpine is found in the inner phloem whereas the ajmaline group of alkaloids, except for their absence in the cork, are more evenly distributed. The alkaloid content of thin bark exceeds that of thick bark and is very low in the wood of stem and root.
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LYSOLECITHIN AND ITS SOLS: Part I.—Solubilities, Surface and Interfacial Tensions
Authors: Robinson N , Saunders L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The solubilities of lysolecithin in water and some organic solvents have been determined and the effect of lysolecithin at air-water and chloroform-water interfaces examined. The results indicate that lysolecithin has marked surface-active properties and that a critical micelle concentration occurs in the aqueous sols in the range 1 to 2 times 10−3 per cent weight/volume. The effects of acid, alkali and mono- and di-valent cations on the lowering of the interfacial tensions was found to be small. Lysolecithin had little or no lowering effect on the surface tensions of ethanol and chloroform.
THE QUANTITATIVE SEPARATION OF PAPAVERINE FROM NARCOTINE IN MIXTURES
Authors: Kum-Tatt Lee , Farmilo C G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method for the quantitative separation of papaverine from narcotine in mixtures by using ammonium reinckate is described, and also its application to the determination of these alkaloids in opium. The identity and purity of these alkaloids isolated from opium is shown by means of ultra-violet, visible and infra-red spectrophotometry. The complete extraction of these alkaloids from the triturate of opium by chloroform was demonstrated by paper chromatography. The regeneration of pure papaverine from the reineckate complex is also described.
THE MODE OF ACTION OF CHLORINATED BISPHENOL ANTIBACTERIALS: Part I. Metal Chelates of Hexachlorophene and Thiobisdichlorphenol
Authors: Adams J B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
2:2′-Thiobis(4:6-dichlorphenol) has been found to chelate with Fe++, Fe+++, Cu++, Mn++ and Co++ as shown by colorimetric, Potentiometrie and analytical data. Crystalline copper, iron and cobalt chelates of thiobisdichlorphenol have been isolated and their structures determined. Hexachlorophene chelates with Fe++, Fe+++ and Cu++ as demonstrated by Potentiometrie titrations in the presence and absence of metals. But stable crystalline chelates could not be isolated. The suggestion is made that the structure activity relationship in the bisphenol group of antibacterials is connected with the ability of the molecule to chelate with certain metals.
A STEREOTYPED RESPONSE INDUCED BY MESCALINE IN MICE AS A MEANS OF INVESTIGATING THE PROPERTIES OF DRUGS ACTING ON THE CNS
Authors: Maffii G , Soncin E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effects of mescaline on spontaneous activity of mice placed in special cages have been studied. The typical response (stereotyped response) has been recorded and assessed in terms of percentage of animals showing the effect. Among drugs affecting the response chloropromazine shows the highest specificity. Promazine, hexobarbitone and pentobarbitone also show a definite but minor effect in doses that do not impair motor function. The response is little affected by phenobarbitone. Meprobamate, mephenesin and a thiadiazole derivative (L 1458) at non-paralyzing doses, and also azacyclonol, do not produce specific antagonistic effects. Nor is the effect significantly influenced by atropine, but it is enhanced by morphine.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION
Authors: Gemmell D H O , Morrison J C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The percutaneous absorption of salicylic acid, sulphanilamide, copper acetyl-acetonate, and copper sulphate through the intact skin of rabbits and the efficiency of lard, emulsifying ointment B.P., and water in the form of a five per cent carboxymethyl cellulose gel, as carriers, is compared. Blood levels were accepted as a measure of absorption. The physico-chemical properties of the drugs seemed to dictate the amount absorbed; the influence of the base was also significant, although less so. Best absorbed was salicylic acid, next sulphanilamide, then copper acetyl-acetonate, and finally copper sulphate, although the differences were slight between the last two; lard was the best base, then emulsifying ointment, and finally water.
TETRAHYDROAMINACRIN AS A DECURARISING AGENT
Authors: Gershon S , Shaw F H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Tetrahydroaminacrin has marked anticholinesterase activity. It is a mild antagonist of tubocurarine, and this may be shown on the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. This antagonism is more marked in rats and dogs. Other pharmacological properties are described. THA has been used successfully to decurarise patients who have received tubocurarine or gallamine. Usually the administration of atropine is not necessary and recurarisation does not occur.
PHARMACOLOGY OF TREMOR-PRODUCING AMINO ALCOHOLS
Authors: Ahmed A , Marshall P B , Shepherd D M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The pharmacological properties of a series of amino alcohols of the general formula RCH(NH2)&#x006d;̇(CH2)n&#x006d;̇C(OH)R2 have been studied The most striking action of these compounds is their ability to produce a sustained tremor, which is compared with those produced by other tremorogenic agents. The activities of various drugs as antagonists of the amino alcohol tremor are described.
A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TRACES OF PHENOLIC STEROIDS IN 3-KETOSTEROIDS
Authors: Legrand Maurice , Delaroff Vladimir , Smolik René 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
As little as 0&#x006d;̇02 per cent of phenolic steroid may be determined in the presence of an excess of 3-ketosteroid. The interfering ketonic absorption is eliminated by selective reduction of ketone by potassium borohydride. The slight absorption of the reduction products may be corrected graphically.
THE PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID-A NEW ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG
Authors: Finney R S H , Somers G F , Wilkinson J H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A study of the pharmacological properties of glycyrrhetinic acid, or glycyrrhetic acid, a new anti-inflammatory drug from liquorice, shows it has an extremely low toxicity and is non-irritant to the skin. It has no adverse effects on the heart, circulation or respiration and shows no glucocorticoid-like activity. In large doses in animals it produces water retention, slight sodium retention and an increased excretion of potassium. These effects are not seen with smaller doses used in man.
THE ACTIONS OF DIGITALIS LEAF PREPARATIONS AND OF CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES ON THE ISOLATED RIGHT VENTRICLE OF THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: Stewart G A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method is described for recording kymographically the systolic contraction and the resting length of the electrically stimulated, isolated right ventricle of the guinea pig. Two samples of Digitalis purpurea leaf and a sample of Digitalis lanata have been assayed in terms of the Third International Standard of D. purpurea using metameters dependent on changes in the systolic contractions and resting length of the muscle and the time elapsing before the changes occur. In a similar manner digitoxin and ouabain have been assayed in terms of digoxin. The results are compared with those obtained by slow intravenous infusion of the preparations into guinea pigs. The potencies derived from the two methods are in close agreement in the case of the digitalis leaf preparations. Digitoxin, however, is more active than digoxin on the ventricle preparation irrespective of the metameter used and less active by the slow infusion method, while ouabain has the same activity as digoxin on the ventricle and twice the activity by the infusion method. The results for ouabain on the ventricle using the different metameters, are homogenous, those for digitoxin are not. There is little difference between the general actions of the three glycosides on the ventricle but each glycoside is capable of producing different effects on systolic contraction and resting length depending on the dose employed. The possible mechanisms responsible for these effects are discussed.
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LYSOLECITHIN AND ITS SOLS: Part II. Refractive Indices and Densities of Sols. Micelle Formation
Authors: Robinson N , Saunders L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The refractive index difference (nsol- nwater) and density difference (ρsol - ρwater) of lysolecithin sols indicate a change in the properties of the sols in the region of 0&#x006d;̇02 per cent w/v, above this concentration the refractive index difference:concentration relation and the density difference:concentration relation are linear. Values for the partial specific volumes of lysolecithin in water, calculated from density measurements, are given. Surface tension:concentration measurements at four different temperatures indicate that the critical micelle concentration increases with an increase in temperature. Values for the change in heat content in the molecular aggregation process, calculated from the temperature coefficient of the critical micelle concentration are small and negative, increasing numerically from 3432 calories at 20° to 6100 calories at 40°. The associated entropy changes in this process are small and show a slight increase negatively with an increase in temperature.
Vegetable Purgatives Containing Anthracene Derivatives: Part XI. Further Work on the Aloin-like Substance ofRhamnus purshiana DC
Authors: Fairbairn J W , Simic S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The aloin-like substance formerly referred to as Compound A1, has been resolved into four closely allied anthraquinone derivatives by paper chromatographic and countercurrent techniques. Two of these substances have been isolated in pure form and their general properties, melting point, optical rotation, RF values and ultra-violet light absorption curves are recorded. Treatment with ferric chloride yields aloe-emodin from both, and each on mild hydrolysis, produces barbaloin. The names Cascaroside A and Cascaroside B are proposed. Preliminary work on the other two components has shown that they are based on a compound similar to barbaloin but a derivative of chrysophanol instead of aloe-emodin; the name chrysaloin is suggested for this substance.