bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-Principles Study on the Optoelectronic and Mechanical Properties of Lead-Free Semiconductor Silicon Perovskites ASiBr3 (A = K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Abdullah Danish , Gupta Dinesh C. 
Published: June 2024

We deployed density functional theory to assess the structural, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of ASiBr3 (A = K, Rb, and Cs). KSiBr3, RbSiBr3, and CsSiBr3 band structure profiles suggest they are semiconductors with direct band gaps of 0.34, 0.36, and 0.39 eV, respectively. The material’s dynamic stability is evidenced by the formation energies acquired negative values (−2.35, −2.18, and −2.08 for K, Rb, and Cs respectively). Mechanical characteristics and elastic constants measured suggest the compound’s mechanical stability and ductile character, which was assessed by calculating the Poissons ratio (>0.25) and Pugh’s ratio (>1.75). The research also explores optical properties, including the dielectric function, refractive index, reflectivity, optical conductivity, absorption coefficient, and extinction coefficient for the optical spectrum. The findings highlight possible applications for these materials in the semiconductor industry and modern electronic gadgets. The optical properties assessment reveals that these materials have strong optical absorption and conductivity, making these compounds the best prospects for usage in solar cells. CsSiBr3’s lower band gap renders it the superior choice for light-emitting diode (LED) and solar cell applications. Our findings may provide a complete understanding for experimentalists to pursue additional research leveraging applications in LEDs, photodetectors, or solar cells.
Influence of Low-Level Shear Orientation and Magnitude on the Evolution and Rotation of Idealized Squall Lines. Part I: Storm Morphology and Bulk Updraft/Mesovortex Attributes
Authors: Brown Matthew C. , Marion Geoffrey R. , Coniglio Michael C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Observational and modeling efforts have explored the formation and maintenance of mesovortices, which contribute to severe hazards in quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs). There exists an important interplay between environmental shear and cold-pool-induced circulations which, when balanced, allow for upright QLCS updrafts with maximized lift along storm outflow boundaries. Numerical simulations have primarily tested the sensitivity of squall lines to zonally varying low-level (LL) shear profiles (i.e., purely line-normal, assuming a north–south-oriented system), but observed near-storm environments of mesovortex-producing QLCSs exhibit substantial LL hodograph curvature (i.e., line-parallel shear). Therefore, previous QLCS simulations may fail to capture the full impacts of LL shear variability on mesovortex characteristics. To this end, this study employs an ensemble of idealized QLCS simulations with systematic variations in the orientation and magnitude of the ambient LL shear vector, all while holding 0–3-km line-normal shear constant. This allows for a nuanced examination of how line-parallel shear modulates system structure, as well as mesovortex strength, size, and longevity. Results indicate that hodographs with LL curvature support squall lines with prominent bowing segments and wider, more intense rotating updrafts. Shear orientation also impacts mesovortex characteristics, with curved hodographs favoring cyclonic vortices that are stronger, wider, deeper, and longer-lived than those produced with straight-line wind profiles. These results provide a more complete physical understanding of how LL shear variability influences the generation of rotation in squall lines.

Significance Statement
Research related to linear storms has largely focused on vertical changes in winds (i.e., shear) oriented perpendicular to squall lines given its ability to balance storm cold pools and keep updrafts upright, thus promoting long-lived storms that presumably can go on to produce rotation. However, squall lines that produce a great deal of rotation often have a component of low-level shear oriented parallel to storms. This study gauges the sensitivity of simulated squall lines to changes in the direction and strength of shear close to the surface. We find that shear oriented parallel to linear storms creates stronger and larger updrafts that in turn support the development of intense and persistent rotation with characteristics supportive of tornadoes. These insights have impacts on both our physical understanding and prediction of the rotation and associated hazards of linear storms.
Low ppm NO2 detection through advanced ultrasensitive copper oxide gas sensor
Authors: Sihag Smriti , Dahiya Rita , Rani Suman , Berwal Priyanka , Jatrana Anushree , Sisodiya Avnish Kumar , Sharma Ashutosh , Kumar Vinay 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe imperative development of a cutting-edge environmental gas sensor is essential to proficiently monitor and detect hazardous gases, ensuring comprehensive safety and awareness. Nanostructures developed from metal oxides are emerging as promising candidates for achieving superior performance in gas sensors. NO2 is one of the toxic gases that affects people as well as the environment so its detection is crucial. The present study investigates the gas sensing capability of copper oxide-based sensor for 5 ppm of NO2 gas at 100 °C. The sensing material was synthesized using a facile precipitation method and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, UV–visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, XPS and BET techniques. The developed material shows a response equal to 67.1% at optimal temperature towards 5 ppm NO2 gas. The sensor demonstrated an impressive detection limit of 300 ppb, along with a commendable percentage response of 5.2%. Under optimized conditions, the synthesized material demonstrated its high selectivity, as evidenced by the highest percentage response recorded for NO2 gas among NO2, NH3, CO, CO2 and H2S.
Association between negative life events through mental health and non-suicidal self-injury with young adults: evidence for sex moderate correlation
Authors: Zhang Yi , Gong Li , Feng Qing , Hu Keyan , Liu Chao , Jiang Tian , Zhang Qiu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has exhibited an increasing trend in recent years and is now globally recognized as a major public health problem among adolescents and young adults. Negative life events (NLEs) are positively associated with NSSI. We sought to explore (1) whether sex plays a role in the risk of NLEs leading to NSSI and (2) the role played by mental health (MH).

Methods
We adopted a multi-stage cluster sampling method to select college students across four grades from May to June 2022. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the relationships between NLEs, sex, MH and NSSI, presented as incidence-rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We examined the complex relationship between these variables using the PROCESS method for moderation analysis.

Results
Following the exclusion of data that did not meet the study requirements, data from 3,578 students (mean age: 20.53 [± 1.65] years) were included. Poisson regression results indicate that high-level NLEs (RR = 0.110, 95%CI: 0.047–0.173) are associated with increased NSSI. Furthermore, interaction effects were observed among sex, NLEs and NSSI. MH and sex moderated the relationship between NLEs and NSSI.

Conclusion
Identifying risk factors for NSSI is also important when exploring the interaction between NLEs and MH given the potential for NSSI to significantly increase the risk of later psychopathological symptoms and substance abuse problems. In addition, the significance of sex differences in risk factors for NSSI should be determined. This study evaluated how the impact of NLEs on NSSI can be reduced among adolescents from multiple perspectives.
Parenting stress, anxiety, and sources of acquiring knowledge in Taiwanese caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Liu Tai-Ling , Hsiao Ray C. , Chou Wen-Jiun , Yen Cheng-Fang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This survey study investigated the types of sources other than medical professionals (e.g., social media) that the caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) use to acquire knowledge about ADHD and investigated the association between the use of such information sources and caregiver parenting stress and anxiety in Taiwan.

Methods
A total of 213 caregivers of children with ADHD participated in this study. The sources that the caregivers used to acquire knowledge about ADHD other than medical professionals were investigated. Caregiver parenting stress was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index, and caregiver anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The associations of the types of sources used and total number of source use with caregiver parenting stress and anxiety were investigated using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results
The most common source of knowledge other than medical professionals was teachers (55.4%), followed by social media (52.6%), traditional media (50.7%), friends (33.8%), caregivers of other children (21.1%), and family members (18.3%). The caregivers’ mean total number of using sources of knowledge about ADHD other than medical professionals was 2.32. Acquiring knowledge about ADHD from social media was significantly associated with caregiver parenting stress. Additionally, acquiring knowledge about ADHD from caregivers of other children was significantly associated with caregiver parenting stress and anxiety, as was the frequency of using sources of knowledge about ADHD other than medical professionals.

Conclusion
The caregivers of children with ADHD acquired knowledge about ADHD from multiple sources. Acquiring knowledge about ADHD from social media was significantly associated with caregiver parenting stress. The number of sources of knowledge about ADHD was significantly associated with caregiver parenting stress and anxiety.
Feeling unwell of passenger travel by small vehicles and associated risk factors in the North Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia
Authors: Tadese Zelalem , Nesibu Bayu , Sitotaw Mesfin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current study investigated how and why sociocultural structures, situational conditions, and personal behavioural factors cause passengers to feel ill when travelling by minibuses, drawing on ideas from the social construction theory of illness. A significant objective was to investigate associated risk variables that influence passengers’ feelings of illness related to the social environment, addressing their beliefs, meanings, practices, and behaviours. A survey method was used to obtain data from 384 passengers for the study. The results of logistic regression indicated that feeling ill when travelling by minibuses differed from passenger to passenger; then, they had their own set of practical and emotional challenges that had no known medical reason. Compared with male and older passengers, female and younger passengers were more likely to feel ill. Furthermore, stress and role-set effects increased passengers’ experiences of feeling ill more than did passengers who had no stress prior to the trip and who had only one role. Additionally, passengers who travelled intermittently, utilized suppression techniques to lessen travel discomfort, and fastened seat belts were less likely to experience symptoms of illness. Passengers who travelled on unsafe roads and used alcohol before travel, on the other hand, were more likely to feel ill than those who travelled on safer roads and did not use alcohol before the trip. The findings suggest that passengers should be aware of predisposing conditions that result in illness, be able to rest before travelling, and use all suppressive methods to reduce or prevent illness while travelling by small buses.
Global prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shafiee Arman , Nakhaee Zahra , Bahri Razman Arabzadeh , Amini Mohammad Javad , Salehi Amirhossein , Jafarabady Kyana , Seighali Niloofar , Rashidian Pegah , Fathi Hanieh , Esmaeilpur Abianeh Fatemeh , Omran Samira Parvizi , Bakhtiyari Mahmood , Alirezaei Amirhesam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a global health concern, and understanding its prevalence among medical students is crucial for shaping targeted interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively assess the prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in order to identify relevant studies that evaluated obesity and overweight among medical students. Inclusion criteria encompassed published and peer-reviewed studies reporting the prevalence of obesity among medical students.

Results
A total of 1245 studies were screened based on their titles and abstracts, and 99 studies comprised a total sample size of 47,455 medical students across diverse geographical regions were included in this study. The overall pooled prevalence of overweight among medical students was estimated at 18% (95% CI: 17%—20%), with obesity at 9% (95% CI: 7%—11%). The combined prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) was calculated to be 24% (95% CI: 22%—27%). Meta-regression results indicated a significant correlation between study year and overweight/obesity prevalence (p < 0.05), with a trend towards increasing prevalence over time. Male medical students exhibited a higher pooled prevalence, increasing with the percentage of male participants.

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of obesity among medical students globally. In summary, obesity and overweight present a substantial worldwide health concern, especially among susceptible groups such as medical students, whose prevalence is on the rise. It is crucial to grasp the extent and contributing factors of obesity among medical students to formulate precise interventions aimed at fostering healthier habits and alleviating the adverse impacts of obesity on both physical and mental health.
The effect of mentoplate application on the condyle
Authors: Tekin Gorkem , Kocak Ayşe Tugce Ozturk , Kuleli Batuhan , Ozturk Taner , Dereci Omur , Kose Nesrin Saruhan , Ugurlu Mehmet , Kosar Yasin Caglar , Caliskan Gizem 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to investigate the changes occurring in the mandibular condyle by using mentoplate together with rapid maxillary expansion (MP-RME) treatment in the correction of skeletal class III relationship, using fractal analysis (FA).

Methods
The sample consisted of 30 individuals (8–11 years) diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent MP-RME treatment. Archival records provided cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images taken at two intervals: before MP-RME treatment (T0) and after treatment (T1). The CBCT images were obtained using standardized settings to ensure consistency in image quality and resolution. The trabecular structures in the bilateral condyles at both T0 and T1 were analyzed using FA. The FA was performed on these condylar images using the Image J software. The region of interest (ROI) was carefully selected in the condyle to avoid overlapping with cortical bone, and the box-counting method was employed to calculate the fractal dimension (FD). Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the FD values between T0 and T1 and to evaluate gender differences. The statistical significance was determined using paired t-tests for intra-group comparisons and independent t-tests for inter-group comparisons, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

Results
The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the trabecular structures of the condyles between T0 and T1 (p > 0.05). However, a significant gender difference was observed in FA values, with males exhibiting higher FA values in the left condyle compared to females at both T0 and T1 (p < 0.05). Specifically, the FA values in the left condyle increased from a mean of 1.09 ± 0.09 at T0 to 1.13 ± 0.08 at T1 in males, whereas in females, the FA values remained relatively stable with a mean of 1 ± 0.09 at T0 and 1.03 ± 0.11 at T1.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that MP-RME therapy does not induce significant alterations in the trabecular structure of the mandibular condyle. These results suggest the treatment’s safety concerning the structural integrity of the condyle, although the observed gender differences in FA values warrant further investigation.
Prevalence and determinant factors of premenstrual syndrome among secondary and preparatory school students in Dessie city administration, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Wochekaw Demissie Teshome , Melak Dagnachew , Adem Yonas Fissha , Yemane Tesfalem Tilahun , Tsegaw Shambel Ayichew , Mihiretu Mengistu Mera 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
In Ethiopia, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was predominantly studied among university students who were in their early 20s; as a result, little is known about the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girls. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and identify factors associated with premenstrual syndrome among secondary school female students in the Dessie city administration, 2023.

Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving a sample of 630 participants. A structured self-administered data collection tool was used to gather the necessary information. To ensure data quality, the pretesting and training of the data collectors and supervisors were conducted. The collected data were entered into Epi-data software and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Frequency tables, graphs, means, and medians were used to describe the characteristics of the study participants. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify significant factors. Variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) in the final multivariable logistic regression were reported as statistically significant factors associated with PMS. Model fitness was evaluated using the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.

Results
In the present study, the prevalence of PMS was 22%, 95% CI = 19-26%. Factors: Age ≥ 18 years (AOR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.86), duration of menstruation ≥ 7 days (AOR = 3.61; 95% CI: 1.25, 10.37), presence of chronic illness (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI:1.04, 4.16), coffee intake (AOR = 6.05; 95% CI: 2.05, 17.87), alcohol intake (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.86), use of pain medication (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI:1.10, 3.86), use of hormonal contraceptives (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI:1.58, 9.62), sleep disturbance (AOR = 3.82; 95% CI: 2.29, 6.42) and physical exercise (AOR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.87) were significantly associated with PMS.

Conclusion
A significant number of students in this study were affected by premenstrual syndrome. Age, duration of menstruation, presence of chronic illness, coffee intake, use of pain medication, use of hormonal contraceptives, and sleep disturbance were significantly associated with PMS. Students should avoid excessive use of alcohol, coffee intake and use of pain medication without prescription.
Association of race, ethnicity and insurance status with outcomes for patients with acute pulmonary embolism treated by PERT: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Singh Avinash , Sridhar Priyanka , Wang Hong Yu , Velo Agostina , Nguyen Destiny , Ehrlich Madeline , Lookstein Robert , Steiger David J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Management of PE has become streamlined with the implementation of PE Response Teams (PERT). Race, ethnicity and insurance status are known to influence the outcomes of patients with acute PE. However, whether the implementation of PERT-based care mitigates these racial and ethnic disparities remains unknown. Our aim was to assess the association of race, ethnicity and insurance with outcomes for patients with acute PE managed by PERT.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of 290 patients with acute PE, who were admitted to one of three urban teaching hospitals in the Mount Sinai Health System (New York, NY) from January 2021 to October 2023. A propensity score-weighted analysis was performed to explore the association of race, ethnicity and insurance status with overall outcomes.

Results
Median age of included patients was 65.5 years and 149 (51.4%) were female. White, Black and Asian patients constituted 56.2% (163), 39.6% (115) and 3.5% [10] of the cohort respectively. Patients of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity accounted for 8.3% [24] of the sample. The 30-day rates of mortality, major bleeding and 30-day re-admission were 10.3%, 2.1% and 12.8% respectively. Black patients had higher odds of major bleeding (odds ratio [OR]: 1.445; p < 0.0001) when compared to White patients. Patients of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity had lower odds of receiving catheter-directed thrombolysis (OR: 0.966; p = 0.0003) and catheter-directed or surgical embolectomy (OR: 0.906; p < 0.0001) when compared to non-Hispanic/Latino patients. Uninsured patients had higher odds of receiving systemic thrombolysis (OR: 1.034; p = 0.0008) and catheter-directed thrombolysis (OR: 1.059; p < 0.0001), and lower odds of receiving catheter-directed or surgical embolectomy (OR: 0.956; p = 0.015) when compared to insured patients, although the odds of 30-day mortality and 30-day major bleeding were not significantly different.

Conclusion
Within a cohort of PE patients managed by PERT, there were significant associations between race, ethnicity and overall outcomes. Hispanic or Latino ethnicity and uninsured status were associated with lower odds of receiving catheter-directed or surgical embolectomy. These results suggest that disparities related to ethnicity and insurance status persist despite PERT-based care of patients with acute PE.