bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and genetic structure of the red‐legged partridge (Alectoris rufa): more evidence for refugia within the Iberian glacial refugium
Authors: FERRERO M. ESTER , BLANCO‐AGUIAR JOSE A. , LOUGHEED STEPHEN C. , SÁNCHEZ‐BARBUDO INÉS , De NOVA PEDRO J. G. , VILLAFUERTE RAFAEL , DÁVILA JOSÉ A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe Pleistocene climatic oscillations promoted the diversification in avian species during the last glacial period. The red‐legged partridge (Alectoris rufa, Family Phasianidae) has a large natural distribution extending from the Mediterranean to humid temperate zones. However, the genetic structure for this species is unknown. The present study investigates the phylogeography, genetic structure and demographic history of A. rufa across its distribution, employing both mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci. Our results propose that this species was greatly affected by Pleistocene glaciations. The mismatch analyses suggest that the current populations resulted from post‐glacial expansion and subsequent differentiation resulting in five diagnosable genetic clusters: Southwestern, Central‐eastern, Northwestern, Balearic and French and Italian. Further, we found evidence of three glacial refugia within the currently recognized Iberian glacial refugium. The intraspecific structure revealed by both maternal and biparental phylogeographic analyses was not resolved in the phylogenetic analyses. Based on all considerations, we recommended that five management units be recognized.
More than meets the eye: detecting cryptic microgeographic population structure in a parasite with a complex life cycle
Authors: CRISCIONE CHARLES D. , VILAS ROMÁN , PANIAGUA ESPERANZA , BLOUIN MICHAEL S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNonrandom recruitment of parasites among hosts can lead to genetic differentiation among hosts and mating dynamics that promote inbreeding. It has been hypothesized that strictly aquatic parasites with intermediate hosts will behave as panmictic populations among hosts because ample opportunity exists for random mixing of unrelated individuals during transmission to the definitive host. A previous allozyme study on the marine trematode Lecithochirium fusiforme did not support this hypothesis; in that, there was genetic differentiation among, and significant heterozygote deficiencies within, definitive hosts. We revisit this system and use microsatellites to obtain multilocus genotypes. Our goal was to determine whether cryptic subgroups and/or the presence of clones could account for the apparent deviation from ‘panmixia’. We find strong evidence for cryptic subdivision (three genetic clusters) that causes the Wahlund effect and differentiation among definitive hosts. After accounting for these cryptic groups, we see panmictic genetic structure among definitive hosts that is consistent with the ‘high mixing in aquatic habitats’ hypothesis. We see evidence for cotransmission of clones in all three clusters, but this level of clonal structure did not have a major impact in causing deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and only affected genetic differentiation among hosts in one cluster. A cursory examination of the data may have led to incorrect conclusions about nonrandom transmission. However, it is obvious in this system that there is more than meets the eye in relation to the actual make‐up of parasite populations. In general, the methods we employ will be useful for elucidating hidden patterns in other organisms where cryptic structure may be common (e.g. those with limited morphology or complex life histories).
Classification of anaphylaxis and utility of the EAACI Taskforce position paper on Anaphylaxis in Children
Authors: Vetander Mirja , Helander Daiva , Lindquist Charlotta , Hedlin Gunilla , Alfvén Tobias , Östblom Eva , Nilsson Caroline , Lilja Gunnar , Wickman Magnus 
Published: May 2011

To cite this article: Vetander M, Helander D, Lindquist C, Hedlin G, Alfvén T, Östblom E, Nilsson C, Lilja G, Wickman M. Classification of anaphylaxis and utility of the EAACI Taskforce position paper on Anaphylaxis in Children.Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2011;: 369–373.AbstractCorrect management and classification of anaphylaxis is mandatory. Records of emergency department (ED) visits to any of the three pediatric hospitals in Stockholm, because of reactions to foods during 2007, were identified. A retrospective analysis of clinical ED records of 371 children with 381 unique occasions of reactions to foods was performed. Symptoms/signs of reactions to foods recorded for classification of anaphylaxis were related to those presented in the EAACI Taskforce position paper on Anaphylaxis in Children (Allergy 2007; 62: 857). Forty‐six different symptoms/signs of reactions to foods were retrieved. Several severe signs or symptoms from the respiratory tract and signs indicating reduced brain perfusion were not described in detail in the EAACI paper, hampering correct classification of anaphylaxis including grading of severity in our material. After modification of the EAACI classification including such signs and symptoms, we were able to classify 128 (35%) children with anaphylaxis. Seventy children (19%) did not fulfill our modified EAACI’s criteria for anaphylaxis. They had been given adrenaline before or at arrival to hospital, possibly preventing anaphylaxis. Another 173 (47%) children/adolescents had neither been given adrenalin, nor fulfilled the criteria for anaphylaxis. Classification of food‐induced anaphylaxis and severity grading should be built on signs and symptoms to facilitate diagnosis. The existing EAACI tool is helpful, but for Swedish children it is not quite applicable, in particular because of the lack of description of some respiratory, neurological or possible cardiovascular signs and symptoms.
IL‐22 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic rhinitic and asthmatic pediatric patients
Authors: Farfariello Valerio , Amantini Consuelo , Nabissi Massimo , Morelli Maria Beatrice , Aperio Cristiana , Caprodossi Sara , Carlucci Antonio , Bianchi Anna Maria , Santoni Giorgio 
Published: May 2011

To cite this article: Farfariello V, Amantini C, Nabissi M, Morelli MB, Aperio C, Caprodossi S, Carlucci A, Bianchi AM, Santoni G. IL‐22 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic rhinitic and asthmatic pediatric patients. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011;: 419–423.AbstractT helper (TH)‐17 lymphocytes are characterized by the expression of many regulatory cytokines, including IL‐17A and IL‐22, but at present no clinical data are available on the expression of these cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from allergic asthmatic and rhinitic (AR) children. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between IL‐22 and IL‐17A mRNAs and clinical parameters in seroatopic, AR, and asthmatic children. The study, conduced during the pollen season, included 18 healthy and 18 allergic (n = 9 asthmatic and n = 9 rhinitic) children. Serum total and specific IgE, eosinophil count, and skin prick test were performed; in addition, IL‐22 and IL‐17A mRNA levels were detected in PBMC from healthy and allergic subjects by quantitative real‐time PCR. Despite the absence of the mRNA for the IL‐17A cytokine, IL‐22 expression was found in PBMC from asthmatic patients, with increased IL‐22 mRNA levels in patients with chronic severe respect to those with moderate asthma. A positive correlation between IL‐22 mRNA and serum total IgE levels was found in asthmatic children. In addition, higher IL‐22 and IL‐17A mRNA levels were detected in both AR and asymptomatic seroatopic children, compared to healthy individuals, and a correlation between IL‐22 and IL17A mRNA and serum total IgE levels was demonstrated. Moreover, the mRNA level of retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor C, the TH17 transcription factor, was found to be increased in AR but not in asthmatic patients. This study provides the first evidence that IL‐22 mRNA might be expressed in chronic severe asthmatic and AR children. The expression of IL‐22 and IL‐17A mRNAs in asymptomatic monosensitized seroatopic children suggests a role of these cytokines in the early events involved in the development of these allergic diseases.
Pediatric allergy and immunology in Turkey
Authors: Celik Gülfem , Bakirtas Arzu , Sackesen Cansin , Reisli İsmail , Tuncer Ayfer 
Published: May 2011

To cite this article: Celik G, Bakirtas A, Sackesen C, Reisli İ, Tuncer A. Pediatric allergy and immunology in Turkey. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 440–448.AbstractAllergic diseases constitute a significant health problem in Turkey. According to a recent multicenter study, which used the ISAAC questionnaire, the mean prevalence of wheezing, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in 10‐yr‐old school children during the past year was 15.8%, 23.5%, and 8.1%, respectively. A healthcare level system, regulated by Ministry of Health, is available in Turkey. Pediatric allergists and pediatric immunologists provide patient care at the tertiary level. Currently, 48 centers deliver care for allergic and immunologic diseases in children. There are 136 pediatric and 61 adult allergists/immunologists. Although the number of allergy/clinical immunology specialists is limited, these centers are capable of delivering many of the procedures required for the proper management and diagnosis of allergy/immunology.Pediatric allergy and/or immunology is a subspecialty lasting 3 yr and follows a 4‐yr pediatric specialist training. Fellow training involves gaining knowledge in basic and clinical allergy and immunology as well as the performance and interpretation of laboratory procedures in the field of allergy and clinical immunology.The Turkish National Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (TNSACI) was officially established in 1989 and currently has 356 members. The society organizes a national congress annually and winter schools for fellowship training as well as training courses for patients and their relatives. TNSACI also has a strong representation in European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) through its participation in the executive committee, consensus reports, and initiatives in the diagnosis of allergic and immunologic diseases of children. The 30th Congress of the EAACI is also due to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, between June 11 and 15, 2011.
Efficacy of tiotropium in COPD patients from Asia: A subgroup analysis from the UPLIFT trial
Authors: FUKUCHI YOSHINOSUKE , FERNANDEZ LENORA , KUO HAN‐PIN , MAHAYIDDIN AZIAH , CELLI BARTOLOME , DECRAMER MARC , KESTEN STEVEN , LIU DACHENG , TASHKIN DONALD 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Studies in respiratory diseases other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease suggest potentially differing responses to medications among patients from different regions. We report a subgroup analysis of patients recruited to Asian centres from a previously reported 4‐year COPD trial.Methods:  Subgroup analysis from a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial of tiotropium 18 µg daily in COPD. Primary end‐point was rate of decline in FEV1. Secondary end‐points included spirometry at individual time points, health‐related quality of life (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire), exacerbations and mortality.Results:  Of 5992 patients, 362 were from Asian centres (100 from Japan). Mean age 66 years, 95% men, 13% current smokers, BMI: 21 kg/m2; post‐bronchodilator FEV1: 44% predicted; St George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score: 44 units. No treatment effect was observed for rate of decline in FEV1 although annual decline was less in Asian patients. Morning pre‐bronchodilator FEV1 and forced vital capacity improved in Asian patients (P < 0.05). Tiotropium reduced number of exacerbations (rate ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.73 (0.57–0.94)). Hazard ratios (95%CI) for exacerbations and hospitalized exacerbations (tiotropium/control) were 0.81 (0.62–1.05) and 0.85 (0.61–1.19), respectively. St George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score improved by 1.5–6.1 units (P < 0.05 for months 18, 24, 30 and 36) with tiotropium. Fatal events occurred in 34 tiotropium (18.5%) and 42 control (23.6%) patients.Conclusions:  In COPD patients from Asia, tiotropium improves lung function, improves health‐related quality of life and reduces exacerbations over 4 years of treatment.
Vesicovaginal fistula following large‐loop excision of the transformation zone in a chronic systemic glucocorticoid user
Authors: Park Kyung Eui , Ku Seung‐Yup , Kim Hee Seung , Kwak Cheol , Kim Seok Hyun , Choi Young Min , Kim Jung Gu , Moon Shin Yong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA 42‐year‐old woman with a history of a large‐loop excision of transformation zone for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III four years previously visited our outpatient department for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I that newly detected by colposcopy‐directed punch biopsy. Her other medical conditions include systemic lupus erythematosus on daily prednisolone 15 mg during 19 years. After second large‐loop excision of transformation zone, delayed vesicovaginal fistula was confirmed by indigo carmine leakage test, computed tomography scan, and cystoscopy. Fistula was primarily repaired with indwelling double‐J catheters with anchoring omentum on suture site.
Prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome in adolescent Indian girls with polycystic ovary syndrome using the 2009 ‘joint interim criteria’
Authors: Bhattacharya Sudhindra M. , Jha Ayan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  Our objective was to study the prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adolescent Indian girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), compared to those without, as per the recent ‘joint interim statement’ criteria. We also aimed to compare the selected study parameters across PCOS adolescents with and without MS.Material & Methods:  Cross‐sectional data of 96 adolescent girls were retrospectively analyzed applying the 2009 ‘joint interim criteria’ for MS. Fifty‐one of them were diagnosed with PCOS as per the Androgen excess society criteria 2006. The remaining 45 adolescent girls (no androgen excess manifestations and regular cycles) formed the comparison group.Results:  The prevalence of MS among adolescents with PCOS (60.78%; 95% CI = 50.78%, 70.78%) was significantly more compared to those without (P = 0.002). The odds ratio of MS among PCOS adolescents was 4.26 (95% CI = 1.79, 10.15). Only the mean waist circumference differed significantly between the PCOS and non‐PCOS groups (P = 0.046). Interestingly, the contrast between the MS and non‐MS subgroups of the PCOS adolescent sample produced significant differences in body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure and biochemical parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and triglyceride levels.Conclusion:  Adolescent Indian girls with PCOS were reported to have 4.26 times more chances of developing MS compared to those without. Waist circumference was found to be the cheapest and simplest significant marker of MS. The study underlines the need for routine screening of MS among adolescent girls suffering from PCOS to reduce future co‐morbidities.
Distribution of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 gene variants in the progression of cervical dysplasia in Korean women
Authors: Lee Chung‐Won , Bae Jeong‐Hoon , Lee Sung‐Jong , Ho Eun‐Mi , Lee Il‐Han , Park Yong‐Gyu , Park Jong‐Sup 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  This cross‐sectional, hospital‐based study examined the distribution of human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 gene variants in Korean women with cervical lesions of varying degrees.Material & Methods:  One hundred and forty‐one Korean women (median age 43 years; range 22–65 years) with human papillomavirus 16 single infections were included. The human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7 sequences were amplified from cytology specimens. The distribution of human papillomavirus 16 variations with respect to cervical lesion was examined by the exact Mantel–Haenszel linear trend test (Ptrend) and Fisher's exact test (P).Results:  Human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 gene variants were identified in a total of 100 women (70.9%). The most prevalent human papillomavirus 16 variants were E6 Thymine178Guanine (number = 70, 49.6%) and E7 Adenine647Guanine (number = 75, 53.2%). Human papillomavirus 16 E6 Thymine178Guanine and E7 Adenine647Guanine were significantly related to the degree of cervical neoplasia (Ptrend = 0.0002, P < 0.0001; Ptrend < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). The odds ratio of human papillomavirus 16 E6 Thymine178Guanine to predict progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2‐3 and invasive cancer was 2.37 (95% confidence interval 1.03–5.45) and 9.07 (95% confidence interval 2.86–28.72), respectively. The odds ratio of E7 Adenine647Guanine to predict progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2‐3 and invasive cancer was 3.65 (95% confidence interval 1.16–8.51) and 9.07 (95% confidence interval 2.86–28.72), respectively.Conclusion:  The distribution of HPV variants appears to be related to geographic difference. Human papillomavirus 16 E6 Thymine178Guanine and E7 Adenine647Guanine can be used as the candidate marker for the progression of the cervical neoplasia.
Fetal nuchal translucency thickness in different cut‐off points for aneuploidy screening in the south of Vietnam
Authors: Tomai Xuan‐Hong , Schaaps Jean‐Pierre , Foidart Jean‐Michel 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAims:  The purpose of this study was to define the most suitable cut‐off point for fetal nuchal translucency thickness in a screening program for aneuploidy and trisomy 21 in the south of Vietnam.Material & Methods:  Two thousand and five hundred cases of singleton pregnancies were followed prospectively from the first trimester to the delivery. The rate of aneuploidy was calculated by seeking a relationship to increased fetal nuchal translucency thickness then calculating the sensitivity and specificity of different cut‐off points in thickness measurement to find the most suitable point for screening.Results:  The prevalence of fetal abnormality was 1.5% (95% CI 1.1–2.1), and 1.2% (95% CI 0.8–1.7) of aneuploidy cases found and the commonest was trisomy 21. A cut‐off point at 2.4 mm showed the highest level of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of aneuploidy (65.5 and 95.7%) and trisomy 21 (75.0 and 95.1%), with a false‐positive rate of 4.3 and 4.9%, respectively.Conclusion:  Using a cut‐off point of nuchal translucency at 2.4 mm has potential for aneuploidy and trisomy 21 screening in the south of Vietnam.
Design and implementation of a near‐miss reporting system at a large, academic pediatric anesthesia department
Authors: Guffey Patrick , Szolnoki Judit , Caldwell James , Polaner David 
Published: May 2011

SummaryBackground:  Current incident reporting systems encourage retrospective reporting of morbidity and mortality and have low participation rates. A near miss is an event that did not cause patient harm, but had the potential to. By tracking and analyzing near misses, systems improvements can be targeted appropriately, and future errors may be prevented.Methods:  An electronic, web based, secure, anonymous reporting system for anesthesiologists was designed and instituted at The Children’s Hospital, Denver. This portal was compared to an existing hospital incident reporting system.Results:  A total of 150 incidents were reported in the first 3 months of operation, compared to four entered in the same time period 1 year ago.Conclusion:  An anesthesia‐specific anonymous near‐miss reporting system, which eases and facilitates data entry and can prospectively identify processes and practices that place patients at risk, was implemented at a large, academic, freestanding children’s hospital. This resulted in a dramatic increase in reported events and provided data to target and drive quality and process improvement.
Unraveling the structure of squids’ spermatophores: a combined approach based on Doryteuthis plei (Blainville, 1823) (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)
Authors: Marian José E. A. R. , Domaneschi Osmar 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMarian, J.E.A.R. and Domaneschi, O. 2012. Unraveling the structure of squids’ spermatophores: a combined approach based on Doryteuthis plei (Blainville, 1823) (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93: 281–307.Male coleoid cephalopods produce elaborate spermatophores, which function autonomously outside the male body during copulation, undergoing a complicated process of evagination. In order to contribute to the understanding of this unique structure, this study investigated the morphology of the spermatophore of Doryteuthis plei applying several microscopy techniques. A hitherto unreported, much more complex structural arrangement was revealed for the loliginid spermatophore, the most striking findings being: (1) the complex, layered structure of the middle membrane, which bears an additional, chemically distinct segment surrounding part of the cement body; (2) the presence of a space between the inner tunic and middle membrane filled with a fine reticulated material; (3) the presence of stellate particles not only embedded in the spiral filament, but also closely applied to the inner membrane at the level of the cement body; (4) the presence of a pre‐oral chamber in the cap region; and (5) the complex organization of the cement body, formed by two distinct layers encompassing contents of different chemical and textural properties. Careful literature reassessment suggests several of these features are common to loliginids, and to some extent to other squids. Their possible functional implications are discussed in light of our knowledge of the spermatophoric reaction mechanics.
LIQUIDITY RISK AND CORPORATE HEDGING WITH FUTURES
Authors: TSE MAURICE K. S. , WONG KIT PONG 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the hedging behaviour of a value‐maximizing firm that exists for two periods. The firm faces uncertain income and is subject to tax asymmetries with no loss‐offset provisions. The firm has access to unbiased futures contracts in each period for hedging purposes. We impose a liquidity constraint on the firm. Specifically, whenever the net interim loss due to its first‐period futures position exceeds a predetermined threshold level, the firm is forced to terminate its risk management program and, therefore, is prohibited from trading the futures contracts in the second period. We show that the liquidity‐constrained firm optimally adopts a full‐hedge via its second‐period futures position to minimize the extent of the income risk and an under‐hedge via its first‐period futures position to limit the degree of the liquidity risk.