bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fresh‐Frozen Bone Blocks for Horizontal Ridge Augmentation in the Upper Maxilla: 6‐Month Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lumetti Simone , Consolo Ugo , Galli Carlo , Multinu Alessandra , Piersanti Luigi , Bellini Pierantonio , Manfredi Edoardo , Corinaldesi Giuseppe , Zaffe Davide , Macaluso Guido Maria , Marchetti Claudio 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: This randomized controlled trial compared fresh‐frozen versus autologous bone blocks for maxillary horizontal ridge augmentation in patients with Cawood and Howell class IV atrophies.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐four patients were allocated to the autologous and fresh‐frozen groups in a 1:1 ratio. Patients underwent computed tomography scans 1 week and 6 months after surgery for graft volume and density analysis. Doxycycline was administered at day 120 and day 150 to label new bone formation. Biopsy for histologic and histomorphometric analyses was performed at reentry for implant insertion, 6 months after grafting.Results: Fresh‐frozen grafts had lower density than autologous bone. Autologous and fresh‐frozen grafts lost, respectively, 25% and 52% of their initial volume (p = .0041). Histology revealed the presence of newly formed bone within both graft types, but clear signs of inflammation were present in fresh‐frozen blocks.Conclusions: According to these 6‐month results, autologous bone blocks are preferable to fresh‐frozen bone grafts.
Incisal Translucency of Vital Natural Unrestored Teeth: A Clinical Study
Authors: BAYINDIR FUNDA , GOZALO‐DIAZ DAVID , KIM‐PUSATERI SEUNGYEE , WEE ALVIN G. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIntroduction:  Understanding the distribution of incisal translucency will provide clinicians a guide to use this knowledge to improve the esthetic replication of anterior restorations. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of incisal translucency of unrestored vital natural maxillary central, lateral, and canine vital teeth from a stratified population in different age, gender, and race.Materials and Methods:  A total of 120 subjects were recruited for this study. Six subjects with equal gender balance from four racial/ethnic groups (White, Black, Asian, and others) were recruited from each of the following age groups: 18 to 29 years, 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, and 60 to 85 years. Potential subjects were clinically screened to determine if three specific anterior teeth (maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine) were non‐restored, natural permanent teeth free from external staining or bleaching. A digital imaging and shade analysis device was used to measure tooth translucency.Results:  Statistically significant interaction (p < 0.001) was found for the groups. The interaction between race and gender was not statistically significant (p = 0.485). However, the interaction between race and age (p = 0.03), age and gender (p = 0.015), and among age, race, and gender (p < 0.001) was found statistically significant according to the analysis of variance test results. The interaction between race and gender was not statistically significant (p = 0.485).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEUnderstanding the distribution and types of incisal translucency will provide clinicians a guide to use this knowledge to improve the esthetic replication of anterior restorations.(J Esthet Restor Dent ••:••–••, 2012)
EFFECT OF THE AMOUNT AND PARTICLE SIZE OF WHEAT FIBER ON TEXTURAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RAW, DRIED AND COOKED NOODLES
Authors: SHIAU SY‐YU , WU TIEN‐TSO , LIU YAO‐LING 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTTextural and rheological properties of raw, dried and cooked noodles enriched with wheat fibers were simultaneously evaluated by a texture analyzer. Increasing wheat fiber level led to an increase in the cutting force of raw and cooked noodles and a decrease in the breaking force of dried noodle as well as extensibility of raw and cooked noodles. Generally, raw, dried and cooked fiber‐enriched noodles with small fiber size had higher breaking force and extensibility and lower cutting force than that with large fiber size. The textural properties of raw noodle are good indicators to predict the strength and elasticity of dried and cooked noodles. Both three‐term Maxwell and Peleg–Normand models were found to fit well to the stress relaxation data of cooked fiber‐enriched noodle. Significant correlations were found between empirical textural properties and fundamental mechanical stress relaxation parameters.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTexture is one of the important factors affecting the quality of noodles. The increased consumption of noodles enriched with wheat bran or purified wheat fiber is proposed for health reasons. The textural properties of fiber‐enriched noodles are affected by the type, amount and size of wheat fiber. The cutting force, tensile strength and extensibility of raw noodle are good indicators to predict the strength and elasticity of dried and cooked noodles. Results of this study suggest that raw, dried and cooked fiber‐enriched noodles with good quality can be prepared by adding 4–8% fine wheat bran or 4% fine purified wheat fiber.
APPLICATION OF SENSORY, NUTRACEUTICAL AND GENETIC TECHNIQUES TO CREATE A QUALITY PROFILE OF ANCIENT APPLE CULTIVARS
Authors: DONNO D. , BECCARO G.L. , MELLANO M.G. , TORELLO MARINONI D. , CERUTTI A.K. , CANTERINO S. , BOUNOUS G. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWith the diffusion of commercial apple varieties since the second half of the last century, hundreds of different local cultivars rapidly disappeared from orchards in Italy, and the particular quality attributes of these fruits are still at risk of being lost today. The aim of this research was to use sensory, nutritional and genetic techniques in order to define the overall quality of fruits from ancient apple cultivars grown in Northern Italy. Cluster analysis arranged the 10 genotypes into five groups; in most cases, the analyzed cultivars demonstrated higher sensory and nutritional qualities than the control (Golden Delicious cv). The cultivars showed higher values of total polyphenolic compounds and a stronger antioxidant activity. The vitamin C content also differed from the control. The sensory analysis, performed by the Fruit Tasters Italian Organization, was an effective characterization tool and genetic analysis further helped to characterize the identity of these interesting cultivars.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe characterization and valorization of old apple cultivars are essential to avoid loss of potentially useful germplasm. The reduction of biodiversity of cultivars found in agriculture could lead to problems such as higher susceptibility to widespread outbreaks of plant diseases and pests, and at the same time, the loss of precious source of nutrients. The conservation of apple biodiversity is valuable in order to maintain the gene pool of the species and to introduce superior quality traits into apple‐breeding programs.
K+–Cl− cotransport mediates the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by regulating NADPH oxidase activation
Authors: Sun Yuan‐Ting , Shieh Chi‐Chang , Delpire Eric , Shen Meng‐Ru 
Published: April 2012

Key points
Neutrophilic phagocytosis is essential for innate immunity against the bacterial infection.
During phagocytosis, the generation of bactericidal hypochlorous acid requires superoxide produced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase to kill the internalized pathogens.
We show that NADPH oxidase complexes are associated with K+–Cl− cotransporter (KCC) at the plasma membrane of activated neutrophils and are internalized to form phagosomes, where KCC activity and expression level affect the production of oxidants.
This study supports the notion that KCC, in particular KCC3, is involved in the early stages of the host's defence against microorganisms.
Abstract  Neutrophilic phagocytosis is an essential component of innate immunity. During phagocytosis, the generation of bactericidal hypochlorous acid (HOCl) requires the substrates, Cl− and superoxide produced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase to kill the internalized pathogens. Here we show that the neutrophilic K+–Cl− cotransporter (KCC) constitutes a Cl− permeation pathway and mediates the bactericidal activity by regulating NADPH oxidase activation. Dihydroindenyloxy alkanoic acid (DIOA), a KCC inhibitor, suppressed the toxin‐ or chemical‐induced efflux of 36Cl− or 86Rb+, and diminished the production of superoxide in human and murine neutrophils. Inhibition of KCC activity or knockdown of KCC expression, in particular KCC3, reduced the phosphorylation as well as the membrane recruitment of oxidase components. Activated neutrophils displayed a significant colocalization of KCC3 and early endosomal marker, indicating that KCC3 could be localized on the phagosomes once neutrophils are activated. The NADPH oxidase activity and the phosphorylation level of oxidase component were 50% lower in the neutrophils isolated from KCC3−/− mice than in the neutrophils isolated from KCC3+/+ mice. Mortality rate after intraperitoneal challenge with Staphylococcus aureus was higher in KCC3−/− mice, and the bacterial clearance was impaired in the survivors. We conclude that, in activated neutrophil, NADPH oxidase complexes are associated with KCC3 at the plasma membrane and are internalized to form phagosomes, where KCC activity and expression level affect the production of oxidants.
Modeling Approach To Characterize Intraocular Doripenem Pharmacokinetics after Intravenous Administration to Rabbits, with Tentative Extrapolation to Humans
Authors: Semoun Oudy , Marchand Sandrine , Grégoire Nicolas , Lamarche Isabelle , Adier Christophe , Laroche Laurent , Goldschmidt Pablo , Couet William 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the penetration of doripenem administered intravenously into the rabbit aqueous and vitreous humors. Nineteen New Zealand White rabbits received a 20-mg dose of doripenem intravenously over 60 min. Specimens of aqueous humor, vitreous humor, and blood were obtained 30 min (
n
= 5), 1 h (
n
= 5), 2 h (
n
= 5), and 3 h (
n
= 4) after the beginning of the infusion and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed to fit the experimental data. Doripenem concentrations in aqueous humor were lower than those in plasma ultrafiltrates at all sampling times, with an average aqueous humor-to-plasma ultrafiltrate area under the concentration-time curve ratio estimated as 8.3%. A pharmacokinetic model with peripheral elimination described the data adequately and was tentatively used to predict concentration-versus-time profiles and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) target attainment in patients under various dosing regimens. In conclusion, systematically administered doripenem does not seem to be a promising approach for the treatment of intraocular infections, especially since it could not be detected in the vitreous humor. However, this study has provided an opportunity to develop a new PK modeling approach to characterize the intraocular distribution of doripenem administered intravenously to rabbits, with tentative extrapolation to humans.
Hierarchies of Host Factor Dynamics at the Entry Site of Shigella flexneri during Host Cell Invasion
Authors: Ehsani Soudeh , Santos José Carlos , Rodrigues Cristina D. , Henriques Ricardo , Audry Laurent , Zimmer Christophe , Sansonetti Philippe , Tran Van Nhieu Guy , Enninga Jost 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Shigella flexneri
, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, induces massive cytoskeletal rearrangement, resulting in its entry into nonphagocytic epithelial cells. The bacterium-engulfing membrane ruffles are formed by polymerizing actin, a process activated through injected bacterial effectors that target host small GTPases and tyrosine kinases. Once inside the host cell,
S. flexneri
escapes from the endocytic vacuole within minutes to move intra- and intercellularly. We quantified the fluorescence signals from fluorescently tagged host factors that are recruited to the site of pathogen entry and vacuolar escape. Quantitative time lapse fluorescence imaging revealed simultaneous recruitment of polymerizing actin, small GTPases of the Rho family, and tyrosine kinases. In contrast, we found that actin surrounding the vacuole containing bacteria dispersed first from the disassembling membranes, whereas other host factors remained colocalized with the membrane remnants. Furthermore, we found that the disassembly of the membrane remnants took place rapidly, within minutes after bacterial release into the cytoplasm. Superresolution visualization of galectin 3 through photoactivated localization microscopy characterized these remnants as small, specular, patchy structures between 30 and 300 nm in diameter. Using our experimental setup to track the time course of infection, we identified the
S. flexneri
effector IpgB1 as an accelerator of the infection pace, specifically targeting the entry step, but not vacuolar progression or escape. Together, our studies show that bacterial entry into host cells follows precise kinetics and that this time course can be targeted by the pathogen.
The Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Type 2 from India: Evidence for Reassortment between Eastern and Western Topotype Field Strains
Authors: Maan Narender S. , Maan Sushila , Nomikou Kyriaki , Guimera Marc , Pullinger Gillian , Singh Karam Pal , Belaganahalli Manjunatha N. , Mertens Peter P. C. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Bluetongue virus type 2, isolated in India in 1982 (IND1982/01), was obtained from the Orbivirus Reference Collection at IAH Pirbright (
http://www.reoviridae.org/dsRNA_virus_proteins/ReoID/btv-2.htm#IND1982/01
). Full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses show that IND1982/01 is a reassortant virus containing genome segments derived from both eastern and western topotypes. These data will help to identify further reassortment events involving this or other virus lineages in the subcontinent.
Computer Generation of Hardware for Linear Digital Signal Processing Transforms
Authors: Milder Peter , Franchetti Franz , Hoe James C. , Püschel Markus 
Published: April 2012

Linear signal transforms such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) are very widely used in digital signal processing and other domains. Due to high performance or efficiency requirements, these transforms are often implemented in hardware. This implementation is challenging due to the large number of algorithmic options (e.g., fast Fourier transform algorithms or FFTs), the variety of ways that a fixed algorithm can be mapped to a sequential datapath, and the design of the components of this datapath. The best choices depend heavily on the resource budget and the performance goals of the target application. Thus, it is difficult for a designer to determine which set of options will best meet a given set of requirements.
In this article we introduce the Spiral hardware generation framework and system for linear transforms. The system takes a problem specification as input as well as directives that define characteristics of the desired datapath. Using a mathematical language to represent and explore transform algorithms and datapath characteristics, the system automatically generates an algorithm, maps it to a datapath, and outputs a synthesizable register transfer level Verilog description suitable for FPGA or ASIC implementation. The quality of the generated designs rivals the best available handwritten IP cores.
PocketWeb
Authors: Lymberopoulos Dimitrios , Riva Oriana , Strauss Karin , Mittal Akshay , Ntoulas Alexandros 
Published: April 2012

The high network latencies and limited battery life of mobile phones can make mobile web browsing a frustrating experience. In prior work, we proposed trading memory capacity for lower web access latency and a more convenient data transfer schedule from an energy perspective by prefetching slowly-changing data (search queries and results) nightly, when the phone is charging. However, most web content is intrinsically much more dynamic and may be updated multiple times a day, thus eliminating the effectiveness of periodic updates.
This paper addresses the challenge of prefetching dynamic web content in a timely fashion, giving the user an instant web browsing experience but without aggravating the battery lifetime issue. We start by analyzing the web access traces of 8,000 users, and observe that mobile web browsing exhibits a strong spatiotemporal signature, which is different for every user. We propose to use a machine learning approach based on stochastic gradient boosting techniques to efficiently model this signature on a per user basis. The machine learning model is capable of accurately predicting future web accesses and prefetching the content in a timely manner. Our experimental evaluation with 48,000 models trained on real user datasets shows that we can accurately prefetch 60% of the URLs for about 80-90% of the users within 2 minutes before the request. The system prototype we built not only provides more than 80% lower web access time for more than 80% of the users, but it also achieves the same or lower radio energy dissipation by more than 50% for the majority of mobile users.
Effect of Long-term Propranolol Treatment on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in Patients with HCV-Associated Cirrhosis
Authors: Nkontchou Gisèle , Aout Mounir , Mahmoudi Amel , Roulot Dominique , Bourcier Valérie , Grando-Lemaire Véronique , Ganne-Carrie Nathalie , Trinchet Jean-Claude , Vicaut Eric , Beaugrand Michel 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Propranolol bears antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties and antitumoral effects and therefore is potentially active in the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We retrospectively assessed the impact of propranolol treatment on HCC occurrence in a cohort of 291 patients with compensated viral C (HCV) cirrhosis, prospectively followed and screened for HCC detection.
Of the 291 patients included in the cohort, 93 patients [50 males: mean age, 59.5 ± 12 years; body mass index (BMI), 25.7 ± 4.4 kg/m2; and platelet count, 111 ± 53 Giga/L] developed esophageal varices (OV) or had OV at inclusion and 198 patients (111 males: mean age, 55.8 ± 13 years; BMI, 25.7 ± 5 kg/m2; platelet count, 137 ± 59 Giga/L) did not. Among patients with OV, 50 received treatment by propranolol. During a median follow-up of 54 months interquartile range (32–82), 61 patients developed an HCC. The 3- and 5-year HCC incidence was 4% and 4%, and 10% and 20% for patients treated and not treated by propranolol, respectively (Gray test, P = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, propranolol treatment was associated with a decrease risk of HCC occurrence [HR, 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09–0.65; P = 0.004], and was the only independent predictive factor of HCC occurrence in patients with OV (HR, 0.16; CI, 0.06–0.45; P = 0.0005). The benefit of propranolol was further supported by propensity scores analyses.
Conclusion: This retrospective long-term observational study suggests that propranolol treatment may decrease HCC occurrence in patients with HCV cirrhosis. These findings need to be verified by prospective clinical trial. Cancer Prev Res; 5(8); 1007–14. ©2012 AACR.
Short and Precise Patient Self-Assessment of Heart Failure Symptoms Using a Computerized Adaptive Test
Authors: Rose Matthias , Anatchkova Milena , Fletcher Jason , Blank Arthur E. , Bjørner Jakob , Löwe Bernd , Rector Thomas S. , Ware John E. 
Published: April 2012

Background—
Assessment of dyspnea, fatigue, and physical disability is fundamental to the monitoring of patients with heart failure (HF). A plethora of patient-reported measures exist, but most are too burdensome or imprecise to be useful in clinical practice. New techniques used for computer adaptive tests (CATs) may be able to address these problems. The purpose of this study was to build a CAT for patients with HF.

Methods and Results—

Item banks of 74 queries (“items”) were developed to assess self-reported physical disability, fatigue, and dyspnea. All queries were administered to 658 adults with HF to build 3 item banks. The resulting HF-CAT was administered to 100 patients with ancillary HF (New York Heart Association I, 11%; II, 53%; III and IV, 36%). In addition, the physical function and vitality domains of the SF-36 Health Survey questionnaire, an established shortness-of-breath scale, and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire were applied. The HF-CAT assessment took 3:09±1:52 minutes to complete and score. All HF-CAT scales demonstrated good construct validity through high correlations with the corresponding SF-36 Health Survey physical function (
r
=−0.87), vitality (
r
=−0.85), and shortness-of-breath (
r
=0.84) scales. Simulation studies showed a more precise measurement of all HF-CAT scales over a larger range than comparable static tools. The HF-CAT scales identified significant differences between patients classified by the New York Heart Association symptom criteria, similar to the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire.

Conclusions—
A new CAT for patients with HF was built using modern psychometric methods. Initial results demonstrate its potential to increase the feasibility and precision of patient self-assessments of symptoms of HF with minimized respondent burden.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.projectreporter.nih.gov
. Unique identifier: 1R43HL083622-01.
Mind and heart: Heart rate variability in major depressive disorder and coronary heart disease - a review and recommendations
Authors: Stapelberg Nicolas J , Hamilton-Craig Ian , Neumann David L , Shum David HK , McConnell Harry 
Published: April 2012

Objective: There is a reciprocal association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). These conditions are linked by a causal network of mechanisms. This causal network should be quantitatively studied and it is hypothesised that the investigation of vagal function represents a promising starting point. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to investigate cardiac vagal control in the context of MDD and CHD. This review aims to examine the relationship of HRV to both MDD and CHD in the context of vagal function and to make recommendations for clinical practice and research. Methods: The search terms ‘heart rate variability’, ‘depression’ and ‘heart disease’ were entered into an electronic multiple database search engine. Abstracts were screened for their relevance and articles were individually selected and collated. Results: Decreased HRV is found in both MDD and CHD. Both diseases are theorised to disrupt autonomic control feedback loops on the heart and are linked to vagal function. Existing theories link vagal function to both mood and emotion as well as cardiac function. However, several factors can potentially confound HRV measures and would thus impact on a complete understanding of vagal mechanisms in the link between MDD and CHD. Conclusions: The quantitative investigation of vagal function using HRV represents a reasonable starting point in the study of the relationship between MDD and CHD. Many psychotropic and cardiac medications have effects on HRV, which may have clinical importance. Future studies of HRV in MDD and CHD should consider antidepressant medication, as well as anxiety, as potential confounders.