bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Many faces of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: An İsa , Doni Nebiye Yentur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Our objective in this study is to determine the atypical clinical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients diagnosed in Şanlıurfa province.

Methods
This retrospective study included 213 patients with atypical clinical presentations among 1751 patients diagnosed with CL between October 2019 and August 2022 in Şanlıurfa Oriental Boil Diagnosis and Treatment Center located in an endemic region for CL.

Results
We found the prevalence of atypical CL to be 12.1%. The most common atypical lesions were lupoid 21 (9.8%), erysipeloid 16 (7.5%), impetiginous 16 (7.5%), recidivan 15 (7%), eczematous 15 (7%), ecthyma-like 13 (6.1%), pyoderma gangrenous-like 12 (5.6%), and sporotrichoid 12 (5.6%). Other lesions with atypical clinical presentations: chalazion-like, verrucous, dental sinus-like, psoriasiform, zosteriform, lymphoma-like, juvenile xanthogranuloma-like, volcano-like, paronychial, basal cell carcinoma-like, squamous cell carcinoma-like, herpes labialis-like, keratoacanthoma-like, chancriform, annular, lichenoid, mastocitoma-like, keloidal, epidermoid cyst-like, kaposi sarcoma-like, scar leishmaniasis, granulomatous cheilitis-like, mycetoma-like, molluscum contagiosum-like, discoid lupus erythematosus-like, and dermatofibroma-like.

Conclusions
In addition to the atypical clinical presentations previously reported, we also defined dermatofibroma-like, Kaposi sarcoma-like, dental sinus-like, juvenile xanthogranuloma-like, mastocytoma-like, and epidermoid cyst-like. It should be kept in mind that CL can clinically mimic many infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of long-term non-healing lesions, especially in endemic areas.
Key message What is already known on this subject: CL is known as the great imitator disease in dermatology. What this study adds: In addition to the atypical clinical presentations previously reported, we also defined dermatofibroma-like, Kaposi sarcoma-like, dental sinus-like, juvenile xanthogranuloma-like, mastocytoma-like, and epidermoid cyst-like. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy: CL can clinically mimic many infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of long-term non-healing lesions, especially in endemic areas.
‘Immune from the germ-laden things’: Immunity and Irish Newspaper Advertising, 1890–1940
Authors: Long Maebh 
Published: June 2024

Summary
From 1890, as advertising in Irish newspapers grew in quantity and sophistication, a discourse of immunity began to circulate. Advertisers drew on advancements in bacteriology and immunology to present their goods as defensive strategies against a range of threats, from major infectious diseases to everyday coughs and colds. Consumers were urged to supplement their bodies’ vulnerabilities by purchasing pills and tonics, with medical products joined by immunity-assuring underwear, coats, cosmetics and cars. From a dataset of every immunity-focused advertisement in the Irish Newspaper Archives and The Irish Times archives between 1890 and 1940, I unpack the ways immunity was presented to the Irish public outside of medical institutions. I show how discourses of immunity intersected with influenza outbreaks, consider the implication of the non-national origins of many advertisements, and trace their rhetoric of protection and resistance across a range of product types.
Impact of inflammasomes on the ocular surface
Authors: Stinnett Gwen S. , Kuo Chuan-Hui , Ono Santa J. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
The ocular surface is prone to inflammation due to exposure to environmental irritants and pathogens. Inflammasomes are intracellular, multiprotein complexes that communicate potentially dangerous signals to the immune system. The identification of inflammasomes in various inflammatory ocular surface conditions can aid in the development of therapeutics to treat these chronic inflammatory conditions.

Recent findings
Several inflammasomes have been associated with ocular surface disorders including dry eye disease, keratitis, and allergies. Mechanisms for activation of these inflammasomes with regards to specific disorders have been explored in models to aid in the development of targeted treatments.

Summary
Research efforts continue to characterize the types of inflammasomes and activators of these in inflammatory ocular surface conditions. Various therapies targeting specific inflammasome types or pyroptosis are being tested preclinically to assess effects on decreasing the associated chronic inflammation.
T'aakik le mak a chi'ek: Empowering Indigenous Mexican Women in Pelvic Health Advocacy
Authors: Zapata-Caballero Carlos Agustín , Flores-Fernández Mariana , Rivera-Medina Ernesto Rodolfo , Granados-Martínez Verónica , Gorbea-Chávez Viridiana 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE:
“T'aakik le mak a chi'ek” in Yucatec Maya translates to “Breaking the silence.” This project aims to create and distribute a trifold educational pamphlet in Spanish and Maya languages in the Yucatan Peninsula, targeting indigenous Mexican women. The objective is to raise awareness about pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence in this population, dispelling the misconception that these conditions are a normal part of aging, providing accurate information, highlighting available treatment options, and empowering women to seek timely medical care.

PROJECT SUMMARY:
The trifold pamphlet, designed specifically for indigenous Mexican women, addresses pelvic organ prolapse and incontinence. It acknowledges the unique experiences and perspectives of this population. The pamphlet covers the causes, risk factors, and available treatments for these conditions. It also includes testimonials from women who have successfully sought treatment, improving their quality of life.

OUTCOME:
The desired outcome of the project is to increase awareness among indigenous Mexican women that pelvic organ prolapse and incontinence can be treated. By distributing the pamphlet in rural centers in the Yucatan peninsula, the project aims to educate women about available treatment options, empowering them to take proactive steps toward better health.

RELEVANCE TO WOMEN’S HEALTH:
Pelvic organ prolapse and incontinence significantly affect the well-being of women. Research shows that indigenous women in Mexico face a higher prevalence of these disorders, primarily secondary to high parity in this population, sometimes with as many as 10 vaginal births, as well as a high rate of obesity, both of which are known risk factors for these conditions. Additionally, indigenous women experience limited access to health care, language barriers, and patriarchal cultural beliefs that influence seeking treatment. By addressing these specific risk factors and providing culturally sensitive information in the pamphlet, the project ensures its relevance and effects on the target population. By promoting awareness and education in Spanish and Maya languages, the project aims to improve the quality of life for indigenous Mexican women by empowering them with knowledge and encouraging them to seek appropriate medical care.
Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Presenting with Digital Ulcerations: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Zhao Feng , Kovitwanichkanont Tom 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is a rare subtype of dermatomyositis that presents with cutaneous features and no muscle involvement. This case report describes a 26-year-old woman with recurrent and multiple digital ulcerations coinciding with the start of winter each year. There was no evidence of myopathy, and antibody testing yielded negative results. A diagnosis of CADM was ultimately made based on clinicopathologic correlation. The patient’s ulcers demonstrated excellent response to a combination therapy of hydroxychloroquine and potent topical and systemic steroids. Herein, the authors discuss the pathologic and immunologic characteristics of CADM.
Preventive Effect of Hydrocolloid Dressings on Hypertrophic Scarring of Post-Cesarean Section Wounds: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Tsubouchi Hiroaki , Awaji Takuya , Hirose Rikuto , Kishida Kenji , Yamashita Saya , Furuya Kiichiro , Chang Yangshil , Shikado Kayoko , Kohta Masushi , Ogita Kazuhide 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo determine the prophylactic effect of hydrocolloid dressings on hypertrophic scarring in post-cesarean section wounds.METHODSPatients who underwent cesarean section (C/S) at the authors’ hospital and provided informed consent to participate were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group commenced applying hydrocolloid dressings to the wound on postoperative day 7 or 8 and continued with weekly dressing changes for 6 months. The control group refrained from any dressing application but was followed up. In each group, the condition of the wound was evaluated 6 and 12 months postoperatively using the Japan Scar Workshop Scar Scale 2015, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale version 2.0, the modified Vancouver Scar Scale, and patient-reported outcomes.RESULTSDuring this period, 135 patients underwent C/S at the authors’ institution, and 47 (23 in the intervention group and 24 in the control group) were included in the analysis. In all assessment methods, the intervention group scored lower than the control group at 6 and 12 months after C/S. Twelve months after C/S, hypertrophic scarring (Japan Scar Workshop Scar Scale 2015 score of 6-15) was found in 14 of the 47 (29.8%) patients: 11 of 24 (45.8%) in the control group and 3 of 23 (13.0%) in the intervention group. The intervention’s relative risk was 0.623 (95% CI, 0.417–0.930). The risk factor for hypertrophic scarring was midline vertical incision, with an odds ratio of 20.53 (95% CI, 4.18–100.92).CONCLUSIONSThe study reveals that the application of hydrocolloid dressings to wounds reduces the risk of hypertrophic scarring after C/S.
The Effect of Tub Bathing on the Skin and Bilirubin Levels of Babies Receiving Tunnel and Light-Emitting Diode Phototherapies: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Özdemir Serap , Balci Serap 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of tub bathing on the skin and bilirubin levels of newborns receiving tunnel and light-emitting diode phototherapy.

METHODS
In this randomized controlled trial, hospitalized newborns diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia treated with a tunnel or light-emitting diode device were randomly assigned to either the experimental (bath) or control (no bath) groups using a computer program. The skin integrity moisture balance of all groups was recorded using the Newborn Skin Condition Score at 6, 12, and 24 hours after phototherapy, and their total serum bilirubin measurements were evaluated.

RESULTS
A statistically significant difference was observed in the babies’ total serum bilirubin levels; this decrease was the highest in the experimental groups. Further, the skin integrity-moisture balance was higher in the experimental groups than in the control groups; it was highest in the tunnel-experimental group and lowest in the tunnel control group.

CONCLUSIONS
These results show that bathing is effective in reducing total bilirubin levels. This study adds to the evidence on skin integrity and moisture balance in newborns who were bathed during phototherapy.
Movement and Pressure Injury Prevention Care for Nursing Home Residents: Addressing the Nescience
Authors: Yap Tracey L. , Alderden Jenny , Gadhoumi Kais , Horn Susan D. , Sonenblum Sharon Eve , Hays Judith C. , Kennerly Susan M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To compare movement associated with position changes among nursing home residents who remain in lying versus upright positions for more than 2 hours and among residents living with obesity, dementia, or neither condition.

METHODS
The authors conducted a descriptive exploratory study using secondary data (N = 934) from the Turn Everyone And Move for Ulcer Prevention (TEAM-UP) clinical trial to examine transient movements (<60 seconds) within prolonged periods of 2 to 5 hours without repositioning.

RESULTS
Nursing home residents exhibit significantly more episodic transient movements when upright than lying. Residents with obesity or dementia exhibited similar frequencies of episodic transient movements compared with residents with neither obesity nor dementia. Upright or lying movements were more frequent among residents with obesity than among those with neither obesity nor dementia selectively when prolonged events ranged from 2 to 4 hours. Pairwise comparisons of movement rates among resident subgroups (living with obesity, living with dementia, or neither group) across repositioning intervals showed episodic transient movements were significantly higher across all subgroups for repositioning intervals up to 3 hours when compared with repositioning intervals of greater than 3 hours.

CONCLUSIONS
Findings challenge assumptions that nursing home residents are inactive and at risk for prolonged sitting. These preliminary findings, along with TEAM-UP findings where no pressure injuries occurred in up to 5 hours in prolonged positions, support establishing a standard 3-hour repositioning interval with use of high-density mattresses without a negative impact on pressure injury occurrence. There should be caution when considering repositioning intervals greater than 3 hours. Further research is indicated to explore protective effect of episodic transient movements of other subgroups.
Barriers to Meeting National Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Guidelines in a Diverse Patient Cohort
Authors: Jaradeh Katrin , Liao Elizabeth N. , Lindeborg Michael , Chan Dylan K. , Weinstein Jacqueline E. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
To determine our audiology clinics status in meeting the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing recommended 1-3-6 benchmarks for identification and intervention for congenital sensorineural hearing loss and identify those factors contributing to delay in identification and intervention.

Design:
This is a retrospective case series. Children with sensorineural hearing loss who underwent auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, hearing aid evaluation, or cochlear implant mapping at our tertiary pediatric medical center between January 2018 and December 2021 were included. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify social, demographic, and health factors associated with primary outcomes, defined as age at hearing loss identification, age at intervention (here defined as amplification start), and interval between identification and intervention.

Results:
Of 132 patients included, mean age was 2.4 years, 48% were male, and 51% were Hispanic. There was significant association between each Hispanic ethnicity (p = 0.005, p = 0.04, respectively), insurance type (p = 0.02, p = 0.001, respectively), and later age at identification and intervention. In multivariable analyses, Hispanic ethnicity was significantly associated with both delays in identification and intervention (p = 0.03 and p = 0.03, respectively), and public insurance was associated with delays in intervention (p = 0.01). In addition, the total number of ABRs was significantly associated with both older age of identification and intervention (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Mediator analysis demonstrated that the effect of ethnicity on age at identification is mediated by the total number of ABRs performed.

Conclusions:
A significant association between total number of ABRs and age at identification and intervention for children with hearing loss exists. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with delays in meeting milestones, further mediated by the number of ABRs, providing a potential avenue for intervention in addressing this disparity.
Co-occurring Epilepsy and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a 6-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Jerskey Beth A. , Reid Alexis A. , Spencer Karen , Diekroger Elizabeth , Fogler Jason 
Published: June 2024

CASE:
“Andrew” is a 6-year-old, right-handed, cisgender boy who presents for neuropsychological testing to determine whether he meets criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Andrew's parents report that he is easily distracted, has poor concentration, and is unable to sustain attention for discrete periods of time. Andrew is the product of an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery, and there were no reported concerns in the postnatal period. Andrew met all of his language and motor milestones on time. He was described as having an “easy” temperament in his infancy and toddler years. Difficulties with attention started in preschool in that Andrew was described as frequently “getting lost” in his play or the task he was working on. He was easy to redirect and responded to cues and reminders. Socially, Andrew was described as friendly but not always “picking up on social cues.” Andrew's kindergarten teachers first noted that sometimes Andrew would “blank out” and appear to stare off, which was attributed to inattention. His teachers brought their concerns to Andrew’s parents, and his parents began to observe Andrew more carefully and noted that these episodes also occurred at home daily. When queried, his parents reported that these episodes would last 4 to 5 seconds and Andrew would not respond to his name being called or to being physically touched. Andrew's medical history, and that of his immediate and extended family, is unremarkable. Routine hearing and vision screenings are also unremarkable. There are no reports of head injuries or concussions. Andrew's gait is stable, and there are no signs of motor weakness. There are no reports of sensory seeking or avoiding behaviors. There are no reports of witnessing or experiencing trauma; motor or vocal tics; or compulsions, ritualized behaviors, or restricted interests.
Testing revealed high average verbal comprehension skills, average perceptual and fluid reasoning, and lower end of average working memory and processing speed. During testing, the examiner noted a rapid eye flutter, which Andrew did not see to recognize himself but did ask the examiner to repeat the previous question. Parent and teacher rating scales of emotional and behavioral functioning showed elevations in the areas of inattention and adaptability and 1 scale of executive functioning noted elevations in task monitoring but no other difficulties. Socially, Andrew is well liked by his peers, although he can present as “silly.” He has many same-aged friends and enjoys group activities. His parents have been hesitant to get him involved in sports because he has been known to have these staring episodes right after competing in sporting events. He also tends to have them more often during the school week when he has less sleep, which his parents attribute to having a difficult time falling asleep at night. What would you do next?
Oral health in Behçet’s disease and its association with disease severity: a case-control study
Authors: Khalayli Naram , Haidar Ghina , Ataya Jawdat , Al Darwish Lama , Rabah Nour , Rabah Karam , Ataya Jamal , Kudsi Maysoun 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Behçet’s disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects various organs, including oral aphthae, genital ulceration, cutaneous manifestation, ocular involvement, and positive pathergy test according to the International Study Group for Behçet’s Disease criteria. This study aimed to investigate the oral health condition of patients with Behçet’s disease and to assess how it correlates with the patient’s gender, clinical symptoms, and severity of the disease.

Methods:
A total of 92 participants, including 42 patients with Behçet’s disease and 50 healthy controls, were enrolled in this case-control study. The periodontal indices were measured and compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for disease severity. The P value must be (P<0.05) to be considered as significant.

Results:
This study assessed the periodontal health of patients with Behçet’s disease and found that they had significantly higher plaque, gingival, bleeding, and probing depth scores compared to healthy controls (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that plaque accumulation was a significant risk factor for higher severity scores in Behçet’s disease. Gender-specific approaches may be necessary in the management and treatment of periodontal disease in Behçet’s disease patients.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest that patients with Behçet’s disease are at increased risk for periodontal disease and its associated symptoms. Specifically, plaque accumulation is a significant risk factor for more severe periodontal health issues in these patients. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be aware of this increased risk and to develop tailored treatment plans that address both the underlying Behçet’s disease and the associated periodontal disease.
Spatial proteomic landscape of primary and relapsed hepatocellular carcinoma reveals immune escape characteristics in early relapse
Authors: Yang Meilin , Song Xiaoyi , Zhang Fan , Li Mingan , Chang Wuguang , Wang Zheyan , Li Man , Shan Hong , Li Dan 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:
Surgical resection serves as the principal curative strategy for HCC, yet the incidence of postoperative recurrence remains alarmingly high. However, the spatial molecular structural alterations contributing to postoperative recurrence in HCC are still poorly understood.

Approach and Results:
We employed imaging mass cytometry to profile the in situ expression of 33 proteins within 358,729 single cells of 92 clinically annotated surgical specimens from 46 patients who were treated with surgical resections for primary and relapsed tumors. We revealed the recurrence progression of HCC was governed by the dynamic spatial distribution and functional interplay of diverse cell types across adjacent normal, tumor margin, and intratumor regions. Our exhaustive analyses revealed an aggressive, immunosuppression-related spatial ecosystem in relapsed HCC. Additionally, we illustrated the prominent implications of the tumor microenvironment of tumor margins in association with relapse HCC. Moreover, we identified a novel subpopulation of dendritic cells (PDL1+CD103+ DCs) enriched in the peritumoral area that correlated with early postoperative recurrence, which was further validated in an external cohort. Through the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data, we found the interaction of PDL1+CD103+ DCs with regulatory T cells and exhausted T cells enhanced immunosuppression and immune escape through multiple ligand-receptor pathways.

Conclusions:
We comprehensively depicted the spatial landscape of single-cell dynamics and multicellular architecture within primary and relapsed HCC. Our findings highlight spatial organization as a prominent determinant of HCC recurrence and provide valuable insight into the immune evasion mechanisms driving recurrence.