bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subdivision of Mouse Brain [3H]Imipramine Binding Based on Ion Dependence and Serotonin Sensitivity
Authors: Severson James A. , Woodward John J. , Wilcox Richard E. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract:The specific binding of [3H]imipramine to mouse brain membranes in an assay containing 120 mMNaCl and 5 mMKCl was similar in regional distribution and pharmacological specificity to that reported previously in rat and human brain. However, the absence of ions decreased the density of the specific binding of [3H]imipramine and did not affect the equilibrium dissociation constant. Sodium was the only cation, and halides were the only anions tested that enhanced the specific binding of [3H]imipramine. Chloride did not increase the density of binding in the absence of sodium. The ion‐sensitive binding of [3H]imipramine was regionally dependent and was highly correlated with the uptake of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT, serotonin) into synaptosomes from brain regions. 5‐HT did not inhibit the binding of [3H]imipramine in the absence of ions. Antidepressants inhibited binding in the absence and presence of ions, but in the presence of ions inhibition curves were shifted to the left and the apparent complexity of inhibition was increased. Quantitative analysis of the inhibition of [3H]imipramine binding by antidepressants conducted in the presence of ions was consistent with two binding sites. Lesion of the serotonergic input to the cerebral cortex by 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine suggested that both the 5‐HT‐sensitive and ion‐sensitive binding of [3H]imipramine were associated with serotonergic nerve terminals. [3H]Imipramine binding displaced by desipramine, but insensitive to 5‐HT and ions, was not affected by the lesion. Thus, the binding of [2H]imipramine that is displaced by desipramine, the most common assay for [3H]imipramine binding, includes a component that is not associated with brain serotonergic nerve terminals and 5‐HT uptake, and, in addition, a separable component that is highly correlated with serotonergic function. These data have important implications for studies of serotonergic neurons and for the interpretation of imipramine binding data.
GABABReceptor‐Mediated Enhancement of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide‐Stimulated Cyclic AMP Production in Slices of Rat Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Watling Keith J. , Bristow David R. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract:Basal and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)‐stimulated accumulations of cyclic AMP were measured in slices of rat cerebral cortex. Neither γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) nor the selective GABABreceptor agonist (–)‐baclofen stimulated basal cyclic AMP accumulation, whereas VIP caused a large dose‐dependent increase in cyclic AMP levels. However, in the presence of 100 μM(–)‐baclofen, the effects of VIP on cyclic AMP accumulation were significantly enhanced, with the responses to 1 μMand 10 μMVIP being approximately doubled. The enhancing effects of (–)‐baclofen was dose related (1–1,000 μM), but an enhancing effect was not observed with 100 μM(+)‐baclofen. In the presence of the GABA uptake inhibitor nipecotic acid (1 mM), GABA caused a similar dose‐related enhancement of the VIP response. The ability of either GABA or (–)‐baclofen to augment VIP‐stimulated production of cyclic AMP was not mimicked by the GABAAagonists isoguvacine and 4,5,6,7‐ tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]pyridin‐3‐ol (THIP) and was not antagonized by the GABAAantagonist bicuculline. The putative GABABantagonist 5‐aminovaleric acid (1 mM) significantly reduced the effect of (–)‐baclofen. The ability of (–)‐baclofen to enhance VIP‐stimulated accumulation of cyclic AMP was observed in slices of rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. These results indicate that GABA and (–)‐baclofen can enhance VIP‐stimulated accumulation of cyclic AMP in rat brain slices via an interaction with specific GABABreceptors.
Morpho‐functional response of the elbow extensor muscles to twelve‐week self‐perceived maximal resistance training
Authors: Gacesa Jelena Z. Popadic , Jakovljevic Djordje G. , Kozic Dusko B. , Dragnic Natasa R. , Brodie David A. , Grujic Nikola G. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine morphological and functional changes of the elbow extensor muscles in response to a 12‐week self‐perceived maximal resistance training (MRT). Twenty‐one healthy sedentary young men were engaged in elbow extensor training using isoacceleration dynamometry for 12 weeks with a frequency of five sessions per week (five sets of ten maximal voluntarily contractions, 1‐min rest period between each set). Prior to, at 6 weeks and after the training, a series of cross‐sectional magnetic resonance images of the upper arm were obtained and muscle volumes were calculated. Maximal and endurance strength increased (P<0·01) by 15% and 45% at 6 weeks, and by 29% and 70% after 12 weeks compared with baseline values, while fatigue rate of the elbow extensors decreased by 67%. The volume of triceps brachii increased in both arms (P<0·01) by 4% at 6 weeks, and by 8% after 12 weeks compared with baseline values (right arm – from 487·4 ± 72·8 cm3 to 505·8 ± 72·3 cm3 after 6 weeks and 525·3 ± 73·7 cm3 after 12 weeks; left arm – from 475·3 ± 79·1 cm3 to 493·2 ± 72·7 cm3 after 6 weeks and 511·3 ± 77·0 cm3 after 12 weeks). A high correlation was found between maximal muscle strength and muscle volume prior (r2 = 0·62) and after (r2 = 0·69) the training (P≤0·05). A self‐perceived MRT resulted in an increase in maximal and endurance strength. Morphological adaptation changes of triceps brachii as a result of 12‐week specific strength training can explain only up to 26% of strength gain.
The Relation between the Rate of Formation of the Chromium Complexes of a Dye and its Value in the Metachrome Process
Authors: RACE E. 
Published: July 2010

A study has been made of the rates of formation and the nature of the chromium complexes of selected dyes in order to ascertain whether or not a relationship exists between the rate of complex formation and the suitability of a dye for application by the metachrome process. The results indicate that, in the case of azosalicylic acid compounds containing a sulpho group, the dyes are unsuitable for use in the metachrome process probably because of co–ordination of chromium with the sulpho group instead of, or as well as, chelation of chromium with the salicylic acid group. The examination of the rates of formation of the chromium complexes of a series of 00′‐dihydroxyazo compounds of diminishing value as metachrome dyes has revealed that the greater the rate of chromium‐dye complex formation the more suitable is the dye for application by the metachrome process. The results suggest that both substantivity and rate of complex formation play important rdles in the determination of the value of a metachrome dye, and that both of these factors should be as high as possible, consistent with solubility.The experimental data demonstrate that, in the case of the series of 00′‐dihydroxyazo dyes employed, the final product of reaction of dye and chromium salt is the primary complex, in which one molecule of dye is associated with one atom of chromium. This product is formed via the chromium salt of the dye and a complex in which three molecules of the dye are associated with one atom of chromium. The analyses have not disclosed whether conversion of the 3: 1 complex occurs directly to the 1: 1 complex or whether the 2: 1 acidic complex is formed as an intermediate product.
Developments in the Application of Dyes to Cellulose Acetate Rayon
Authors: Mellor A. , Olpin H. C. 
Published: July 2010

The disperse dyes are likely to remain the principal dyes for acetate rayon, particularly for piece dyeing. The “duosol” dyes are unlikely to supersede them for general purposes, but are likely to increase in importance with expanding use of acetate staple fibre. The azoic dyes, applied by the “concurrent” method, supplement the above groups for specific shade requirements such as fiery scarlets and deep rich wines, and in addition are fast to wet processing. Solvent dyeing as an economic step has achieved some measure of success, chiefly in America, but the application of vat dyes by such techniques still remains a problem which is very much for the expert.For printing acetate rayon goods the disperse dyes, though much used, suffer from inherent processing and fastness defects, and it is desirable to replace them by the “duosol” and acid dyes for normal requirements. Selected vat dyes may also be applied very satisfactorily. The use of swelling agents, e.g. the thiocyanates and water‐soluble polar solvents such as ethyl lactate, offers great scope for prints of improved beauty and fastness, and in certain cases permits elimination of the steaming operation.
Beam Dyeing with Particular Reference to the Dyeing of Man–made Fibres
Authors: PRESTON D. T. , SKELLY J. K. , WILSON P. 
Published: July 2010

Presented at a Symposium on ‘Processing Textiles on Perforated Beams in the Dyehouse’ held by the Manchester Region at the Manchester College of Science and Technology, on 26 th March 1965, Mr M. R. Fox in the chair. Also presented at meetings of the Midlands Region, held in the King's Head Hotel, Loughborough, on 18th November 1964, Mr G. Whitehead in the chair; of the West Riding Region, held in the Victoria Hotel, Bradford, on 26th November 1964, Dr F. F. Elsworth in the chair; of the London Region, held at the Royal Society, Burlington House, London Wl, on 4th December 1964, Mr C. Barnett in the chair; of the Scottish Region, held in the St Enoch Hotel, Glasgow, on 15th December 1964, Mr B. W. Mills in the chair; and of the Bradford Junior Section, held at the Bradford Institute of Technology, on 18th January 1965, Mr V. L. Elsworth in the chairLaboratory methods are described for simulating high–temperature and atmospheric beam–dyeing conditions by means of the high–temperature dyeometer and a modified package–dyeing machine. Details are given of the rate–of–dyeing and migration behaviour of disperse dyes on polyester, cellulose triacetate, acrylic and polyamide fibres, of basic dyes on acrylic fibres, and of acid dyes on poly–amide fibres. Particular attention is drawn to the necessity for accurate temperature control during dyeing. A thorough knowledge of rate–of–dyeing and migration behaviour can be used to select dyes for three–colour mixtures and to determine their optimum application conditions.
Education and Training in the Future
Authors: BURDETT BRIAN C. 
Published: July 2010

Based on a lecture given at the Manchester Region Management Forum on 1 April 1977.The present uncertain position of many courses in textile coloration, particularly part‐time courses, is reviewed and conclusions drawn on possible future developments to sustain educational opportunities. The Technician Education Council and its Scottish counterpart, the courses of which are to replace the present part‐time courses, is discussed, together with the position of industry and of the Associateship of the Society. A future development in professional recognition of qualifications is mentioned. The continuing education of all levels of personnel in industry is discussed.
Automation and Cost Effectiveness in the Dyehouse
Authors: Svenson Rolf 
Published: July 2010

This paper was presented at the Nordic Dyers' Association Conference held in Boras, from 11–13 September 1980.As a result of the economic development we are rapidly approaching a society of limited resources. Fortunately, developments in microelectronics has given us new means to meet the new challenges. By applied microelectronics, we can in the true meaning of the word, optimize the use of the resources. With its help, we can now realize technical solutions which previously were not economically feasable. One does not have to be much of a fortuneteller to claim that the microcomputer technology, coupled with the economic pressures, will stimulate the development of completely new solutions to technical as well as economical problems.
Uniform Chromaticity Scales — New Experimental Data
Authors: Alder C. , Chaing K. P. , Chong T. F. , Coates E. , Khalili A. A. , Rigg B. 
Published: July 2010

Sets of coloured paint and textile samples have been prepared, each set consisting of pairs of samples giving small chromaticity differences with a good coverage of the possible directions. For most sets the lightness differences were negligible, but for a few sets extra samples showing significant lightness differences were included. For each set one difference was taken to be standard and the other differences were assessed as a ratio of the standard difference by panels of 19 to 24 observers.Chromaticity discrimination ellipses were calculated for each set. Experiments in which pairs from different sets were inter‐compared enabled the sizes of the ellipses to be correctly adjusted relative to each other. In total 42 sets (536 sample pairs) were investigated under Illuminant D65 and 39 sets (531 sample pairs) were investigated under Illuminant A.When plotted on a chromaticity diagram the ellipses formed a fairly regular pattern, but marked differences compared to other sets of ellipses were noted. The ellipses increased in size as Y decreased, particularly at very low values of Y. The agreement between ΔE values from various colour‐ difference equations and the experimental results was poor, although newer equations (JPC and FCM) appeared to be somewhat better than the 1976 CIELAB equation. Various checks on the repeatability and consistency of the experimental results gave confidence in the latter and suggest that the equations are seriously in error.
Is the first seizure truly epileptic?
Authors: Perrig Stephen , Jallon Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Summary Transient loss of consciousness (T‐LOC) with abnormal posture or movements reflects a temporary dysfunction of the brain, either primary or secondary. In a period of high technological medical access, patients with T‐LOC constitute a challenge to improve the medical “art of listening.” The difficulty in dealing with isolated paroxysmal phenomena is associated with the probability of the occurrence of a second event and therefore the entrance of the patient into a chronic disorder. We present a detailed analysis of symptoms that should help the general practitioner in the differential diagnosis among three main entities in the adult populations: syncope, epileptic seizure, and psychogenic seizure (dissociative convulsion).
Neovascularization in an arterio‐venous loop‐containing tissue engineering chamber: role of NADPH oxidase
Authors: Jiang F. , Zhang G. , Hashimoto I. , Kumar B. S. , Bortolotto S. , Morrison W. A. , Dusting G. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUsing an in vivo arterio‐venous loop‐containing tissue‐engineering chamber, we have created a variety of vascularized tissue blocks, including functional myocardium. The viability of the transplanted cells is limited by the rate of neovascularization in the chamber. A Nox2‐containing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is thought to have a critical role in ischaemic angiogenesis. In this study we investigated whether NADPH oxidase is involved in the neovascularization process in the tissue‐engineering chamber. New blood vessels originating from the venous and the arterial ends of the loop could be identified after 3 days, and the vessel density (by lectin staining) peaked after 7 days and was maintained for at least 14 days. This was accompanied by granulation tissue formation and concomitant increase in the mRNA level of Nox4 NADPH oxidase. Although the total level of Nox2 mRNA in the chamber tissue decreased from day 3 to day 7, immunohistochemistry identified a strong expression of Nox2 in the endothelial cells of the new vessels. In human microvascular endothelial cells, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin reduced NADPH oxidase activity and inhibited the angiogenic responses in vitro. Local treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin or gp91ds‐tat peptide significantly suppressed the vessel growth in the chamber. In conclusion, NADPH oxidase‐dependent redox signalling is important for neovascularization in this novel tissue‐engineering chamber in vivo, and boosting this signalling might be a new approach to extending vascularization and tissue growth.
The therapeutic use of rituximab in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Marcus Robert , Hagenbeek Anton 
Published: July 2010

Abstract:  The non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) comprise a heterogeneous collection of lymphoproliferative malignancies, which are most common in people aged over 55 years. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of NHL, accounting for approximately 30% of all new patients. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common NHL sub‐type, and accounts for a further 22% of cases. While the incidence of most other cancers is decreasing, that of NHL is increasing steadily. During the 1970’s and 1980’s, worldwide NHL incidence rose by 3–4% per year. This rise has slowed in the 1990’s, but an annual increase of 1–2% is still being recorded. Over the last five years, the introduction of monoclonal antibodies, and specifically the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, has radically changed treatment of B‐cell NHL. Rituximab is a genetically engineered chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody which binds to the transmembrane antigen, CD20, a non‐glycosylated phosphoprotein, located on pre‐B and mature B lymphocytes. This antigen is expressed on over 95% of all B cell NHLs, and on normal B cells, but not on haematopoietic stem cells, normal or malignant plasma cells. The Fc domain of rituximab recruits immune effector functions to mediate B cell lysis. Possible mechanisms of cytotoxicity include complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) resulting from C1q binding, and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by one or more of the Fcγ receptors on the surface of granulocytes, macrophages and NK cells. It is also possible that the binding of rituximab to the CD20 antigen on the cell surface may directly induce apoptosis. For patients with both follicular and diffuse large B‐cell NHL, several large scale prospective randomised trials have demonstrated prolongation of remission when rituximab is incorporated into first line treatment, and, in follicular lymphoma, as a component of salvage therapy. As a result of these studies, current European indications for rituximab include:•  the treatment of previously untreated patients with stage III‐IV follicular lymphoma in combination with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (CVP) chemotherapy•  as maintenance therapy in patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma responding to induction therapy with chemotherapy or immuno‐chemotherapy•  the treatment of patients with diffuse large B cell NHL in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy.This paper examines the evidence supporting the use of rituximab in these settings, and places its use into the context of standard clinical practice.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of 2,6‐cis‐Diphenylhexamethylcyclotetrasiloxane*
Authors: Carlström D. , Falkenberg G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract: The crystal structure of 2,6‐cis‐diphenylhexamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, C18H28O4Si4, has been determined and refined using three‐dimensional X‐ray diffractometer data. The unit cell is monoclinic, space group C2/c with the constants a=15.155, b=8.829, c=18.020 Å, β=93.44°. There is half a formula unit in the asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least‐squares procedures. The final R‐value was 0.048 for 2144 symmetry independent observed reflexions.The eight‐membered siloxane ring has a “boat form” and differs thereby from configurations earlier reported for cyclotetrasiloxanes. The intra‐ and intermolecular distances are discussed.
Effects of Nifedipine on the Smooth Muscle of the Human Urinary Tract in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Forman A. , Andersson K.‐E. , Henriksson L. , Rud T. , Ulmsten U. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Smooth muscle preparations of the urethra, bladder, and ureter were obtained from patients undergoing operations for various urological disorders. The urethral preparations were contracted by noradrenaline (0.1–3 μg · ml‐1), prostaglandin F2α (1–10 μg · ml‐1), and potassium (127 mM), the bladder preparations by carbacholine (0.004–1 μg · ml‐1), prostaglandin F2α (1–10 μg · ml‐1), potassium (127 mM), and barium chloride (3 mM), and the ureter preparations by potassium (127 mM), and barium chloride (3 mM). Irrespective of the mode of activation, pretreatment with nifedipine (0.1 μg · ml‐1) for 10 min. reduced the responses. Nifedipine also relaxed preparations contracted by the contractile agents used.In 19 female patients, aged 20 to 73 years, undergoing investigation because of urgency and/or urge incontinence, simultaneous urethrocystometry at rest was performed before and after oral administration of 20 to 40 mg nifedipine. Bladder capacity and residual urine were also determined. Nifedipine did not affect the pressures within the bladder and urethra, nor did it increase the bladder capacity. However, after nifedipine intake there was a statistically significant increase in residual urine. The results suggest that nifedipine can inhibit contractile activity induced by drugs with different modes of action; the drug does not affect the tone in bladder and urethra.
Interaction of Vitamin E and Selenium with the Hepatotoxic Agent Dimethylnitrosamine
Authors: Skaare Janneche Utne , Nafstad Inger 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Pretreatment of rats with vitamin E, 0.02% w/w of the diet and a sc dose, 200 mg/kg, given 48 hrs. before dimethylnitrosamine, DMNA, was found to ameliorate the acute hepatotoxicity of DMNA (30 mg/kg) as reflected in reduced plasma asparagine‐amino‐transferase (AspAT) activity. This effect was confirmed by histological evaluation. No significant effect of DMNA on plasma levels of vitamin E was observed, however, DMNA significantly increased the hepatic level of vitamin E supplemented rats. Pretreatment with selenium, 0.5 mg/kg given intraperitoneally 48 hrs. before DMNA, was found to enhance the acute hepatotoxicity of DMNA as reflected in increased elevation of plasma AspAT activity. This effect was not confirmed morphologically. DMNA did not have any effect on the hepatic selenium state in selenium pretreated rats; however, selenium pretreatment tended to decrease hepatic and plasma tocopherol levels. To explain the effects observed in the present investigation, various mechanisms were discussed.If the compounds were acting as antioxidants, then the difference in intracellular localization had to be important. More likely a specific biochemical function involving drug metabolizing enzymes could be involved. Finally vitamin E could protect membranes from damage during the necrotizing action of DMNA.