bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe hyperbilirubinemia: Complete re‐epithelialization after bilirubin reduction therapies
Authors: KAMADA Noriaki , YONEYAMA Kei , TOGAWA Yaei , SUEHIRO Keisuke , SHINKAI Hiroshi , YOKOTA Masaya , MATSUDA Kenichi , ODA Shigeto , HIRASAWA Hiroyuki , MATSUE Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractToxic epidermal necrolysis is a life‐threatening skin disorder, and its mortality rate is estimated to be approximately 20–30%. It is characterized that more than 30% of the skin surface is eroded, however, skin lesions are usually re‐epithelialized within 2–3 weeks. Previously, we reported a fatal case of toxic epidermal necrolysis with hyperbilirubinemia, and more than 60% of body surface areas had been eroded for 9 weeks. For the reason of delayed re‐epithelialization, we hypothesized that hyperbilirubinemia was the culprit because bilirubin damaged cultured keratinocytes in vitro. In this case, we had an opportunity to treat another case of toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe hyperbilirubinemia. In order to reduce serum bilirubin levels, we performed bilirubin adsorption therapies, and skin lesions were successfully re‐epithelialized within 4 weeks. Though further studies are required, we considered that bilirubin adsorption therapies are worth trying for toxic epidermal necrolysis with hyperbilirubinemia, especially for the cases suffering from delayed re‐epithelialization.
The composition and abundance of phytoplankton in Lake Bukoni, western Uganda
Authors: Nyakoojo Clement 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLake Bukoni is one of the crater lakes in western Uganda. Investigations into this lake is limited compared to other African lakes. Data on phytoplankton ecology in the lake are lacking. Phytoplankton consists of a community of photosynthetic, microscopic plants adapted to suspension in water. They constitute ‘hidden flora’ which make an important contribution to the primary productivity of a water mass. Some phytoplankton taxa, among them species belonging to Cyanophyta, are known to influence ecological transformations and to cause health hazards in water bodies that are used by humans. From July 2004 to December 2005, phytoplankton was collected from two sites (inshore and offshore) in Lake Bukoni. An inverted microscope, Sedgwick counting chamber and multiple tally denominator were used to quantify the phytoplankton. Phytoplankton was dominated by nonheterocystous cyanoprokaryotes especially Lyllgbya limnetica followed by the diatoms Synedra ulna and Fragillaria mutabilis. The inshore site had more phytoplankton species. Differences in phytoplankton diversity and density were mainly attributed to mixing and presence of macrophytes. The occurrence of large numbers of cyanoprokaryotes poses a potential health hazard to the local people who utilize the water from Lake Bukoni. The dominance of cyanoprokaryotes might result in ecological transformations like loss of biodiversity.
Joint 3D processing of active and passive seismic data
Authors: Vesnaver Aldo , Lovisa Lara , Böhm Gualtiero 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTPassive seismic provides additional illumination sources in producing reservoirs, improving the Earth's imaging obtained by standard 3D seismic surveys. The joint tomographic inversion of surface and borehole data, both active and passive, even allows the delineation of thin reservoirs that cannot be resolved by reflection tomography. As an application example, we present a feasibility study for a real case of CO2geological storage, showing that this operation may benefit both environment and reservoir monitoring.The origin time of micro‐earthquakes due to production operations is critical for merging active and passive data. We show here that the Wadati's method is not accurate for borehole data in a layered earth model, when the ratio between P and S velocities is not constant, as occurs in most hydrocarbon reservoirs. This drawback can be solved by deploying a few receivers at the surface close to the well.
Calibration shifts in Scintrex CG‐3M gravimeters with an application to detection of microgravity changes at Iwo‐tou caldera, Japan
Authors: Ukawa Motoo , Nozaki Kyozo , Ueda Hideki , Fujita Eisuke 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTCalibration shift seriously influences gravity values measured using Scintrex CG‐3M gravimeters. We calibrated three Scintrex CG‐3M gravimeters three times (1999, 2003 and 2006) over eight years, using a calibration line with a gravity difference of 1.38 Gal. The scale factor correction coefficients (calibration factors) obtained here range from 0.9998–1.0005. The calibration factors vary with time by 89 ppm, −102 ppm and −126 ppm between the 1999–2003 surveys. The calibration shifts of two of the three gravimeters decreased to about 20 ppm or less in the second interval, the other remained about the same (142 ppm). The results indicate that they shifted at rates on the order of 10 ppm/year even several years after manufacturing. The large shift in calibration factors indicates that they must be corrected using calibrations done before and after the measurements to perform microgravity measurements when gravity differences between a reference gravity site and survey sites are on the order of a hundred milligals (mGal) or more. The results also indicate that the calibration factors change gradually with time, so their interpolation provides a good practical approximation for a specific survey time. We applied the time‐dependent calibration factors to microgravity monitoring at the Iwo‐tou caldera, Japan, where the gravity difference between the base site on the island and the reference site on Honshu (the mainland of Japan) is about 870 mGal mainly due to the 11° latitude difference. Gravity surveys were conducted every two years from 1998–2006. The correction of scale factors estimated from the repeated calibration surveys leads to satisfactory measurements, in which the average of the absolute differences between two Scintrex CG‐3M instruments in five surveys is reduced from 207μGal to 19μGal; for three of those surveys, it is less than 10 μGal. This result demonstrates the importance of repeated calibration surveys.
Test of rock physics models for prediction of seismic velocities in shallow unconsolidated sands: a well log data case‡
Authors: Andersen Charlotte Faust , Johansen Tor Arne 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper tests the ability of various rock physics models to predict seismic velocities in shallow unconsolidated sands by comparing the estimates to P and S sonic logs collected in a shallow sand layer and ultrasonic laboratory data of an unconsolidated sand sample. The model fits are also evaluated with respect to the conventional model for unconsolidated sand. Our main approach is to use Hertz‐Mindlin and Walton contact theories, assuming different weight fractions of smooth and rough contact behaviours, to predict the elastic properties of the high porosity point.Using either the Hertz‐Mindlin or Walton theories with rough contact behaviour to define the high porosity endpoint gives an over‐prediction of the velocities. The P‐velocity is overpredicted by a factor of ∼1.5 and the S‐velocity by a factor of ∼1.8 for highly porous gas‐sand. The degree of misprediction decreases with increasing water saturation and porosity.Using the Hertz‐Mindlin theory with smooth contact behaviour or weighted Walton models gives a better fit to the data, although the data are best described using the Walton smooth model. To predict the properties at the lower porosities, the choice of bounding model attached to the Walton Smooth model controls the degree of fit to the data, where the Reuss bound best captures the porosity variations of dry and wet sands in this case since they are caused by depositional differences.The empirical models based on lab experiments on unconsolidated sand also fit the velocity data measured by sonic logs in situ, which gives improved confidence in using lab‐derived results.
Fast and accurate three‐dimensional controlled source electromagnetic modelling†
Authors: Tehrani Ali Moradi , Slob Evert 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTWe present a fast approximate method for three‐dimensional low frequency controlled source electro‐magnetic modeling. We apply the method to a synthetic model in a typical marine controlled source electromagnetic scenario, where conductivity and permittivity are different from the known background medium. For 3D configurations, fast computational methods are relevant for both forward and inverse modelling studies. Since this problem involves a large number of unknowns, it has to be solved efficiently to obtain results in a timely manner, without compromising accuracy. For this reason, the Born approximation, extended Born approximation and iterative extended Born approximation are implemented and compared with the full solution of the conjugate gradient fast Fourier transformation method. These methods are based on an electric field domain integral equation formulation. It is shown here how well the iterative extended Born approximation method performs in terms of both accuracy and speed with different configurations and different source positions. The improved accuracy comes at virtually no additional computational cost. With the help of this method, it is now possible to perform sensitivity analysis using 3D modelling in a timely manner, which is vital for controlled source electromagnetic applications. For forward modeling the solution at the sea‐bottom is of interest, because that is where the receivers are usually located. For inverse modeling, the accuracy of the solution in the target zone is important to obtain reasonably accurate conductivity values from the inversion using this approximate solution method. Our modelling studies show that the iterative extended Born approximation method is fast and accurate for both forward and inverse modelling. Sensitivity analysis as a function of the source position and different reservoir sizes validate the accuracy of the iterative extended Born approximation.
Retrieving lateral variations from surface wave dispersion curves‡
Authors: Boiero Daniele , Socco Laura Valentina 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTSurface wave analysis is usually applied as a 1D tool to estimate VS profiles. Here we evaluate the potential of surface wave analysis for the case of lateral variations. Lateral variations can be characterized by exploiting the data redundancy of the ground roll contained in multifold seismic data. First, an automatic processing procedure is applied that allows stacking dispersion curves obtained from different records and which retrieves experimental uncertainties. This is carried out by sliding a window along a seismic line to obtain an ensemble of dispersion curves associated to a series of spatial coordinates. Then, a laterally constrained inversion algorithm is adopted to handle 2D effects, although a 1D model has been assumed for the forward problem solution. We have conducted different tests on three synthetic data sets to evaluate the effects of the processing parameters and of the constraints on the inversion results. The same procedure, applied to the synthetic data, was then tested on a field case. Both the synthetic and field data show that the proposed approach allows smooth lateral variations to be properly retrieved and that the introduction of lateral constraints improves the final result compared to individual inversions.
Clonality of nodular lesions in liver cirrhosis and chromosomal abnormalities in monoclonal nodules of altered hepatocytes
Authors: Gong Li , Li Yan‐Hong , Su Qin , Chu Xia , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2010

Gong L, Li Y‐H, Su Q, Chu X & Zhang W  (2010) Histopathology56, 589–599 Clonality of nodular lesions in liver cirrhosis and chromosomal abnormalities in monoclonal nodules of altered hepatocytes Aims:  To investigate the clonality and chromosome abnormalities of nodules of altered hepatocytes (NAH) in liver cirrhosis and determine whether there is a genetic link between monoclonal NAH and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods and results:  First, 93 nodules from nine hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related liver cirrhosis patients were dissected by laser microdissection. Next, genomic DNA was extracted, pretreated with Hpa II or Hha I, and amplified via nested polymerase chain reaction for the phosphoglycerate kinase and androgen receptor genes. Finally, the chromosomal aberrations of 12 monoclonal NAH were studied using array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH). Loss of X chromosomal inactivation mosaicism was demonstrated in three large regenerative nodules and 12 NAH with small cell change (SCC), indicating their neoplastic nature. Among the 60 NAH without SCC, 29 (48.33%) were shown to be monoclonal, whereas four glycogen‐storing foci and 14 regenerative nodules were found to be polyclonal. Array‐CGH analysis revealed chromosomal abnormalities in one NAH with SCC. Moreover, a part of chromosomal abnormalities in the NAH with SCC coincided with those in HCC.Conclusions:  Some (48.33%) NAH in HBV‐associated cirrhosis, particularly all those with SCC, are already neoplastic lesions. Occurrence of SCC is a late event during NAH progression, suggesting a premalignant phenotype.
The expression of Bcl‐2 by proliferating cells varies in different categories of B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Masir Noraidah , Jones Margaret , Lee Abigail M , Goff Lindsey K , Clear Andrew J , Lister Andrew , Marafioti Teresa , Mason David Y 
Published: March 2010

Masir N, Jones M, Lee A M, Goff L K, Clear A J, Lister A, Marafioti T & Mason D Y (2010) Histopathology56, 617–626 The expression of Bcl‐2 by proliferating cells varies in different categories of B‐cell lymphoma Aims:  To investigate the relationship between Bcl‐2 protein expression and cell proliferation at single‐cell level in B‐cell lymphomas using double‐labelling techniques.Methods and results:  The relationship between Bcl‐2 protein expression and cell proliferation was explored in 124 cases of B‐cell lymphoma using double immunofluorescence labelling for Bcl‐2 and Ki67. In follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma and a subset of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), neoplastic cells tended to lose Bcl‐2 when they are in cell cycle. This pattern is usually maintained in both follicular lymphoma and CLL/SLL when they undergo high‐grade transformation. In mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and a subset of CLL/SLL, the inverse relationship (between Bcl‐2 and Ki67) was not observed, i.e. the proliferating cells tended to show co‐expression of Bcl‐2.Conclusions:  In low‐grade lymphomas, including those that are transformed, Bcl‐2 expression is lost when cell proliferate. However, in more aggressive tumours (i.e. mantle cell and de novo diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas) the inverse Bcl‐2/Ki67 relationship was not observed. It would be of interest to explore the clinical implications in lymphoma of the presence and absence of the inverse Bcl‐2/Ki67 pattern.
Atypical sclerosing adenosis of the prostate: a rare mimic of adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cheng Liang , Bostwick David G 
Published: March 2010

Cheng L & Bostwick D G (2010) Histopathology56, 627–631 Atypical sclerosing adenosis of the prostate: a rare mimic of adenocarcinoma Aims:  Sclerosing adenosis of the prostate is a benign, small, acinar proliferation in dense spindle cell stroma, with a distinct immunohistochemical profiles. It is incidentally found in about 2% of transurethral resection specimens. The aim was to describe cases with significant cytological atypia mimicking cancer, which have not been previously reported.Methods and results:  We describe five cases of sclerosing adenosis with significant cytological atypia, referred to as atypical sclerosing adenosis (ASA), which were initially considered suspicious or diagnostic of adenocarcinoma. Seven other cases of typical sclerosing adenosis were used as controls. All cases of typical and atypical sclerosing adenosis displayed an intact basal cell layer, which was immunoreactive for high‐molecular‐weight keratin, S100 protein, smooth muscle actin, and prostate‐specific antigen, with no differences between ASA and the control group. Alpha‐methylacyl‐coenzyme A racemase was negative. Three of four cases of ASA had aneuploid DNA content by digital image analysis. All cases of typical sclerosing adenosis were diploid. During a mean follow‐up of 33 months (range 5–73 months), none developed recurrence or prostatic cancer.Conclusions:  ASA is an unusual small, acinar proliferation of the prostate that may be mistaken for adenocarcinoma, and should be distinguished from other mimics, including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, mesonephric remnant hyperplasia, and post‐atrophic hyperplasia. ASA is a benign lesion and aggressive treatment is unwarranted.
Expression of the extracellular matrix protein periostin in liver tumours and bile duct carcinomas
Authors: Riener Marc‐Oliver , Fritzsche Florian R , Soll Christopher , Pestalozzi Bernhard C , Probst‐Hensch Nicole , Clavien Pierre‐Alain , Jochum Wolfram , Soltermann Alex , Moch Holger , Kristiansen Glen 
Published: March 2010

Riener M‐O, Fritzsche F R, Soll C, Pestalozzi B C, Probst‐Hensch N, Clavien P‐Alain, Jochum W, Soltermann A, Moch H & Kristiansen G (2010) Histopathology56, 600–606 Expression of the extracellular matrix protein periostin in liver tumours and bile duct carcinomas Aims:  To study the relevance of periostin, known to be involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), in hepatocellular and bile duct cancer.Methods and results:  Immunohistochemical periostin expression was semiquantitatively analysed in normal liver tissue (n = 20), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n = 91), liver‐cell adenoma (n = 9), focal nodular hyperplasia (n = 13) and bile duct carcinomas (BDC; n = 116) using tissue microarrays. Normal bile ducts, gallbladder epithelium and hepatocytes showed weak cytoplasmic periostin expression. In HCC, there was strong epithelial periostin expression in 19/91 (20.9%) and strong stromal periostin expression in 10/91 cases (11%). Epithelial expression in tumour cells was significantly associated with a higher tumour grade (P < 0.05) and hepatitis B virus infection (P = 0.007). Importantly, there was no strong periostin expression in benign liver tumours. Strong stromal periostin expression was detected in 78/116 (67.2%) BDC and strong epithelial expression in 39/116 (33.6%) BDC. pT stage, differentiation grade and proliferation rate in primary BDC were independent of periostin expression. Epithelial periostin expression was associated with reduced overall survival on univariate and multivariate analysis.Conclusions:  The EMT protein periostin is expressed in the stroma and epithelium of a subset of BDC and HCC. Epithelial periostin expression is a marker for malignant transformation of hepatocytes and a novel prognostic marker in BDC.
Colonization of the Philippines from Taiwan: a multi‐locus test of the biogeographic and phylogenetic relationships of isolated populations of shrews
Authors: Esselstyn Jacob A. , Oliveros Carl H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim  Colonization of the Philippines from Taiwan or neighbouring areas of the Asian mainland has been proposed as an important source of diversity for some plant and animal groups in the northern Philippines. Previous inferences, however, were based on taxonomic groupings, which sometimes fail to reflect phylogenetic history. Here, we test for colonization of the Philippines from the north in a group of shrews (Soricomorpha: Crocidura) using explicit inferences of evolutionary history.Location  Southeast Asia.Methods  We estimate the phylogenetic relationships of populations of shrews from Batan and Sabtang islands in the northern Philippines using DNA sequences from two mitochondrial genes and three nuclear loci. We employ topology tests to evaluate the possible relationships of these shrews to species from throughout Southeast Asia.Results  We find conclusive evidence that shrews from Batan and Sabtang are closely related to Crocidura tanakae from Taiwan and additional specimens from the Asian mainland. Bayesian and frequentist topology tests using alignments of individual loci strongly reject any notion that shrews from Batan and Sabtang are part of the main Philippine radiation of Crocidura, indicating that the northernmost Philippine islands were almost certainly colonized by shrews from Taiwan or mainland Asia.Main conclusions  Our results provide the first compelling evidence for colonization of the Philippine archipelago by a terrestrial vertebrate via a northern route. Invasion of the northern Philippines by shrews, however, did not lead to further range expansion to more southerly parts of the Philippines. This study, combined with previous results, documents that Crocidura colonized the Philippines at least three times. However, only one of these invasions led to in situ speciation and ubiquity across the archipelago. Our findings are part of a growing body of literature suggesting that oceanic archipelagos are often colonized multiple times by groups of closely related species, and occasionally from multiple sources.
Should it be legal to assist suicide?
Authors: Lesser Harry 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper argues that because it is a matter of dispute whether to assist suicide is ever morally right, the question whether assisted suicide should be legal should be decided independently of the moral issue and with reference to whether to assist suicide is genuinely to carry out the wishes of the person requesting it. It is then argued that it is possible to devise a set of criteria, based on those used in the Netherlands with regard to euthanasia, which would allow assisted suicide when the request is reasonable and genuine, but keep it illegal under other circumstances. It is further argued that there is no evidence that legalizing assisted suicide will lead us down the slippery slope to involuntary euthanasia. Finally, the question is raised to whether these assisted suicides should be legalized or, as at the moment in the UK, simply not prosecuted, but, as is about to happen, with the criteria for non‐prosecution made explicit. It is suggested that, although it is in some ways both irrational and unjust, non‐prosecution is politically easier to achieve and also more cautious as a first move.
Evidence: philosophy of science meets medicine
Authors: Worrall John 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObviously medicine should be evidence‐based. The issues lie in the details: what exactly counts as evidence? Do certain kinds of evidence carry more weight than others? (And if so why?) And how exactly should medicine be based on evidence? When it comes to these details, the evidence‐based medicine (EBM) movement has got itself into a mess – or so it will be argued. In order to start to resolve this mess, we need to go ‘back to basics’; and that means turning to the philosophy of science. The theory of evidence, or rather the logic of the interrelations between theory and evidence, has always been central to the philosophy of science – sometimes under the alias of the ‘theory of confirmation’. When taken together with a little philosophical commonsense, this logic can help us move towards a position on evidence in medicine that is more sophisticated and defensible than anything that EBM has been able so far to supply.