bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Biological Response of Selenium in Individual Erythrocytes and GSH‐Px in Lambs Fed Sodium Selenite or Selenium Yeast
Authors: Johansson E. , Jacobsson S. ‐O. , Luthman J. , Lindh U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwenty Swedish Landrace lambs were divided randomly into two equal groups, group I and group O. Group I received approximately 0. 1 mg selenium as sodium selenite per day and group O 0. 1 mg selenium as selenium in yeast per day. The animals were fed per day 1. 2–1. 5 kg of hay and 0. 3 kg of a commercial concentrate supplemented with vitamins and minerals. The trial lasted 3. 5 months. As monitored by micro particle induced X‐ray emission (μ‐PIXE), the number of selenium bearing erythrocytes increased faster in group O than in group I indicating some difference in the metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium. During the trial the concentration of sulphur decreased in the erythrocytes in group O. The reason for this is not known. The zinc and copper concentrations of individual erythrocytes were unaltered. The blood GSH‐Px activity increased at the same rate in the two groups indicating that selenium as sodium selenite and selenium in yeast was about equally available.The rate of growth in the two groups was almost the same and a significant difference in the final weight was not observed.
Effect of Organochlorine Pesticides on the Phagocytic Activity of Bovine Milk Cells*
Authors: Sitarska E. , Winnicka A. , Kluciński W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of a complex of organochlorine compounds on the phagocytic activity of macrophages and neutrophils in milk was assessed in vitro using a mixture of DDT, DDE, DDD, alpha, beta and gamma‐HCH and HCB and PCBs in concentrations occurring in milk and in concentrations being multiples of the concentrations in milk.Standard strains 305 and Smith of S. aureus were used for phagocytosis assessment. A suppressing effect of these compounds was observed on the per cent of cells phagocytizing both these strains, with a significant decrease in the number of bacteria of both strains phagocytized by macrophages, and the number of S. aureus strain 305 bacteria phagocytized by neutrophils. The concentrations of the mixture of organochlorine compounds used in the experiment had no significant effect on the number of Smith strain bacteria phagocytized by neutrophils.
Failure of l,25‐(OH)2‐Vitamin D3 to Affect Calcium Flux across Sheep Rumen Wall Mucosa in vitro*
Authors: Bödeker D. , Mahler Monika , Höller H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIsolated pieces of mucosa from the sheep rumen wall mounted between half‐chambers were used in conventional incubation studies (1 h, 39°C) with buffer solutions resembling rumen fluid (= mucosal fluid) and extracellular fluid (= serosal fluid), respectively. The mucosal‐to‐serosal (ms) flux of calcium was studied by use of 45CaCl2 with and without 1,25‐(OH)2‐vitamin D3 in the serosal incubation fluid. Different concentrations of the vitamin had no effect on Ca ms‐flux.Zusammenfassungl,25‐(OH)2‐Vitamin D3 ist ohne Einfluß auf den Calcium‐Flux durch die Schleimhaut des Schafpansens in vitroIsolierte Schleimhautscheiben aus der Pansenwand von Schafen wurden in üblichen Inkubationsversuchen (1 h, 39°C) mit Pufferlösungen verwendet, die der Zusammensetzung der Pansenflüs‐sigkeit und der extrazellulären Flüssigkeit angeglichen waren. Mit Hilfe von 45CaCl2 wurde der mucosal‐serosale (ms) Flux von Calcium ohne und mit l,25‐(OH)2‐Vitamin D3 in unterschiedlicher Konzentration bestimmt. Das Vitamin hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf den Ca‐ms‐Flux.
Time‐Related Responses to a Constant‐Dose Halothane Anaesthesia in Dorsally Recumbent Ventilated Ponies
Authors: Gasthuys F. , de Moor A. , Parmentier D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHaemodynamic and respiratory responses to halothane were investigated in dorsally recumbent, ventilated ponies during 2 hours.Normocapnea was maintained using intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Compared to the base line values at 30 minutes of constant dose halothane, no significant changes in heart rate, systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume and left ventricle work were observed during a 2 hours anaesthesia. Arterial oxygenation increased initially (>300mm Hg) but tended to decrease non‐significantly during the rest of the anaesthesia. Blood temperature decreased significantly during anaesthesia (p<0. 05 after 30 minutes), probably due to the cold thermodilution injections but also to peripheral losses of body heath.Time‐related increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure (p<0. 05 after 90 minutes), total peripheral and pulmonary resistance (p < 0. 05 after respectively 60 and 90 minutes) were observed. Increases in peripheral and pulmonary resistance probably reflected vasoconstriction of respectively the peripheral and pulmonary vasculature. These changes might be caused by an increase in circulating catecholamines during prolonged anaesthesia.To avoid possible erroneous conclusions the observed time‐dependent responses in anaesthetized dorsally recumbent ponies have to be taken in consideration when other influences (e. a. drugs) are investigated during anaesthesia.
Effects of Cyproterone Acetate and Testosterone Treatments on Some Physical Parameters, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity and Fertilizing Ability of Spermatozoa of Domestic Cocks (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Mohan J. , Moudgal R. P. , Singh N. B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHealthy adult cocks were administered through the intramuscular route with 1 or 15mg cyproterone acetate (CyA)/kg b. wt. or testosterone at the rate of 1. 5 mg/kg b. wt. daily for a period of 25 days. High doses of CyA and testosterone caused severe suppression (P < 0. 01) of semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility and angiotensin converting enzyme activity (ACE EC 3. 4. 15. 1). Fertilizing ability of spermatozoa was also reduced drastically at the end of treatment period. No loss of sexual behaviour was observed in treated birds as compared to controls. Recovery in all parameters from deleterious effects of these drugs was rapid after cessation of treatment. Lower doses of CyA did not affect the parameters of semen. The results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanism of action of CyA and testosterone.
The Influence of Calving and Puerperium on Clinical and Histopathologic Changes Associated with Laminitis and Sole Ulceration in a Group of First‐Carving Cows
Authors: Boosman R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe left hind and front claws of 43 heifers having recently calved were studied for signs of laminitis and sole ulceration. The left hind and front claws of 8 non‐pregnant heifers served as controls. Thirty claws were selected for histologic examination. No influence of parturition and puerperium was found on signs of laminitis in both clinical and histologic investigations. A remarkable histologic finding was the occurrence of numerous vascular buds in die solar corium. It is suggested that the vascular buds may give rise to the glomus‐like vascular clusters, which are commonly found in older cattle.
Levels of 15‐Ketodihydroprostaglandin F2α During Experimental Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Non‐Pregnant Ewe Lambs
Authors: Fredriksson G. , Aiumlamai Suneerat , Lunden Anna , Amare Desta , Uggla Arvid 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn order to study the relation between prostaglandin F2α levels and fever during Toxoplasma gondii infection, six non‐pregnant ewe lambs were exposed orally to T. gondii oocysts and an additional four animals were used as non‐inoculated controls. Rectal temperature was measured daily during four weeks and plasma samples were analysed for the content of 15‐ketodihydroprostaglandin F2α. As compared to controls, the inoculated animals had significantly elevated rectal temperature on days 4–16 after infection, but no concomitant changes in prostaglandin F2α metabolite levels were recorded.
Follow‐up Studies by Peroral Small Intestinal Biopsies and Necropsy in Dogs with Chronic Diarrhea
Authors: van der Gaag Ingrid , Happe R. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe results of follow‐up studies in 82 dogs with clinical signs of chronic diarrhea are presented. Follow‐up studies were performed by small intestinal biopsies only in 19 dogs, combined with necropsy in six dogs and follow‐up necropsy only in 57 dogs. The times between the first and the last series of biopsies varied from 18 to 561 days, and from one to 656 days between the first series of biopsies and necropsy.From the 11 dogs with villous atrophy in the first series of biopsies, three also showed villous atrophy in the following biopsies or at necropsy, two had enteritis, one intestinal lymphangiectasia, one lymphosarcoma and four had no small intestinal lesions. Villous atrophy and enteritis found in 20 dogs in the initial biopsies were still present in 12 dogs in the following biopsies, in one only the villous atrophy remained in the following biopsies, in four lymphosarcoma was diagnosed, in one a colitis and in two changes outside the gastrointestinal tract were found at necropsy. In six of the seven dogs with enteritis in the initial biopsies this was diagnosed again, once with VA; in the seventh dog a hypertrophic gastritis was found. In five of the eight dogs with a diagnosis of lymphosarcoma in the initial biopsies a lymphosarcoma was found at necropsy, two had a villous atrophy with enteritis and in one only a differential diagnosis lymphosarcoma and/or enteritis could be made. In two of the three dogs with the differential diagnosis lymphosarcoma and/or enteritis this diagnosis was also made at necropsy, while one dog only had enteritis at necropsy. The biopsy diagnosis carcinoma in one dog was confirmed at necropsy. In 31 dogs the first series of small intestinal biopsies showed no pathological changes, but in four of them villous atrophy was diagnosed in necropsy follow‐up studies (one of them had no diagnosis in earlier follow‐up biopsies), in four other dogs villous atrophy with enteritis, in seven dogs enteritis, in one dog lymphosarcoma, in five dogs gastric lesions and in four dogs extragastrointestinal lesions were found. In five dogs the follow‐up studies by biopsies did not show lesions and in one the follow‐up biopsies were not suitable for examination. Another dog with initial biopsies not suitable for examination showed colitis at necropsy.
Immunocytochemical Demonstration of Intermediate Filament Proteins, S‐100 Protein and CEA in Apocrine Sweat Glands and Apocrine Gland Derived Lesions of the Dog
Authors: Ferrer L. , Rabanal R. M. , Fondevila D. , Prats N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), intermediate filament proteins and S‐100 protein in normal and pathological canine apocrine sweat glands was investigated, using a standard immunoperoxidase technique. The normal apocrine sweat glands showed a constant immunoreactivity in all the cases studied. The cells of the acini and of the ducts only reacted with the antikeratin antibody. The myoepithelial cells reacted positively with the antisera antikeratin and anti protein S‐100. Epithelial cells of apocrine cysts, sweat gland adenomas and sweat gland carcinomas showed the same immunoreaction than normal apocrine cells. Proliferating myoepithelial cells were also positive for vimentin. In two out of three adenocarcinomas a positive reaction with the anti CEA could be detected in the glandular cells. This can be due to the presence in glandular cells of CEA or of Nonspecific Crossreacting Antigen (NCA). These findings indicate that demonstration of keratin is a useful aid in the detection of apocrine gland derived lesions in the dog. Similarly, S‐100 preotein is a marker for myoepithelial cells. Further research is necessary to investigate the expression of CEA in canine tumours.
Central and Peripheral α‐Adrenergic Control of Ileal, Caecal and Proximal Colonic Myoelectrical Activity in Sheep
Authors: Brikas P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe role of central and peripheral a‐adrenoceptors in regulation of ileal, caecal and proximal colonic myoelectrical activity was studied in five conscious ewes chronically fitted with intraparietal electrodes and a cannula in a lateral ventricle of the brain. About 5 min after the end of a regular spiking activity (RSA) phase of a migrating motor complex (MMC) in the distal ileum, selective a2‐and aj‐agonists and antagonists were administered intravenously (i. v.) or intracerebroventricularly (i. c. v.). The α‐antagonist yohimbine (600 μg/kg i. v. or 60 μg/kg i. c. v.) induced an RSA phase in the ileum. The α‐agonist naphazoline (30μ/kg i. v. or 3μ/kg i. e. v.) stopped or greatly reduced the frequency of caecal and proximal colonic contractions, respectively, and prevented any MMC in the ileum, effects which were abolished when the animals were either i. v. or i. e. v. pretreated with yohimbine. The α‐antagonist prazosin (600μ/kg i. v., but not 60 μ/kg i‐ c. v.) selectively reduced the frequency of contractions in the cranial caecum and proximal colon. The aj‐agonist phenylephrine (40 μ/kg i. v., but not 4μ/kg i. c. v.) provoked an RSA phase in the ileum, decreased the frequency of contractions in the blind pole and the middle of the caecum and increased that in the cranial caecum and the proximal colon. These effects of phenylephrine were blocked by i. v., but not i. c. v., prazosin. The present results suggest that a‐adrenoceptors are involved in the control of the intestinal motility as follows: I) central α2‐inhibitory and peripheral ctrexcitatory receptors for the ileum, II) central and peripheral α2‐ and peripheral α1‐inhibitory receptors for the blind pole and the middle of caecum and III) central and peripheral α2‐inhibitory and peripheral di‐excitatory receptors for the cranial caecum and the proximal colon.
Isolation of Human and Porcine Monocytes and Lymphocytes by three Parameter Flow Sorting*
Authors: Gruijter Marijke de , van Rijn Marion A. , Verkerk A. , Jongkind J. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMonocytes and lymphocytes were separated from total human blood cells by Ficoll‐paque gradient centrifugation (at 600 g) followed by two parameter fluorescence activated cell sorting (forward [FLS] and perpendicular light scatter [PLS]). For human blood cells this technique gives good separation and high purity of the monocytes (more than 85%). For porcine blood cells we modified the Ficoll‐paque gradient centrifugation‐step by centrifuging at a lower speed (250 g). Since two parameter flow cytometry of porcine leukocytes (FLS and PLS) gave poor resolution we added endogenous non‐specific esterase activity as a third parameter using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) as a fluorogenic substrate. The sorted fractions were cytocentrifuged and purity was checked with hematoxylin and/or peroxidase staining. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies against monocyte cell surface antigens were used to evaluate the purity of the sorted fractions. Three parameter sorting (PLS, FLS and fluorescence) yields good purification of porcine monocytes (86 ± 1% pure) and lymphocytes (81 ± 2% pure). There was a substantial adhesion of porcine monocytes (326 ± 25/mm2) and lymphocytes (146 ± 21/mm2) to monolayers of porcine aorta endothelial cells (PAEC).
Effect of Feeding on Vitamin A Concentrations in Blood Plasma of Dogs
Authors: Schweigert F. J. , Uehlein‐Harrell Stephanie , Zucker H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of different concentrations of vitamin A in food as well as different food compositions on serum vitamin A levels in dogs were investigated. Contrary to current knowledge for all other species, vitamin A levels in dogs were clearly affected by the daily vitamin A supply as well as the type of food. This behavior, similar to that of vitamin E, can be explained by the fact that dogs and other carnivores transport most of their vitamin A in blood as retinyl esters (mainly retinyl stearate) bound to lipoproteins. The differences in the retinyl ester pattern between vitamin A in liver and in blood indicates that the mobilization of vitamin A from the liver involves selective mechanism. The possible importance of nonspecific, lipoprotein‐bound vitamin A esters in the blood of dogs is discussed.
Adrenocortical Function in Cows with the Downer Cow Syndrome A Preliminary Report
Authors: Nakao T. , Grunert E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo find out if cows with the downer cow syndrome have enhanced or exhausted adrenocortical function, fifteen downer cows were examined for adrenocortical response to 25 IU of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) between 1 and 9 days postpartum. Of the 15 cows, only two cows recovered following treatment, 10 cows were slaughtered due to poor prognosis and 3 cows were found dead. Four cows with milk fever also were investigated for adrenocortical function. Both the downer cows and cows with milk fever had significantly higher basal and ACTH‐stimulated plasma glucocorticoid concentrations than cows without any postpartum complications on day 1 to 2 postpartum (P < 0. 05). There was a tendency that the downer cows which recovered later did not show enhanced adrenocortical function on day 4 to 5 and day 7 to 9 postpartum, while the downer cows with poor prognosis had significantly enhanced adrenocortical activity on the same days postpartum. The enhanced adrenocortical function shown in the milk fever cows on day 1 to 2 postpartum returned to a nearly normal state after their recovery. The results indicate the downer cows with poor prognosis had greatly enhanced adrenocortical function.
Pharmacokinetic Data of Bromofenofos in Calves
Authors: Yoshimura H. , Endoh Y. S. , Hamamoto K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBromofenofos (BF) was administered orally to six calves at a dose of 12mg/kg and the concentrations of BF and its metabolite dephosphate bromofenofos (DBF) in plasma were determined using a high‐performance liquid chromatographic method. DBF reached maximum concentration of 45. 9 ± 16. 3μg/ml, which occurred at 1. 3 ± 0. 4 days. The elimination half life was calculated to be 1. 8 ± 0. 3 days and the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve was 185. 1 ± 49. 4 μg ± day/ml. The ultrafiltrate of plasma samples revealed no free metabolite, indicating a binding of >99% to plasma protein. DBF disappeared from plasma in all calves 21 days after administration. No BF was detected in plasma at any time.
Cryopreservation of Boar Semen in Mini‐ and Maxi‐Straws
Authors: Bwanga C. O. , de Braganca M. M. , Einarsson S. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySplit ejaculates from four boars were frozen with a programmable freezing machine, in mini‐ (0. 25 ml) and maxi‐ (5 ml) plastic straws with an extender at either acidic (6. 3) or alkaline (7. 4) pH. Glycerol (3%) was used as cryoprotectant. The freezing of the semen was monitored by way of thermocouples placed in the straws. Post‐thaw motility and acrosome integrity were evaluated; the latter using phase contrast microscopy, eosin‐nigrosin stain and electron microscopy. Post‐thaw sperm motility was significantly higher when semen was frozen in mini‐straws than in maxi‐straws. For the mini‐straws, the motility was better when semen was exposed to an acidic environment during freezing, but this beneficial effect of the low extracellular pH was not evident when maxi‐straws were thawed. The motility of the spermatozoa diminished significantly during the thermoresistance test (0 h and 2 h time) at 37 °C in a similar way for both straws and extracellular pH's. The freezing procedure, no matter the extracellular pH, did not cause major acrosomal damages, but significantly more normal apical ridges were present in the mini‐straws than in the maxi‐straws. This in vitro evaluation indicated that the freezing method employed was better for mini‐ than for maxi‐straws since the freezing of the 5 ml volumes was not homogeneous, due to the large section area between the surface and the core of the straw.
Associated Multiple Congenital Malformations in Domestic Animals. Contribution of Four Cases
Authors: Camón J. , Sabaté D. , Franch J. , López‐Béjar M. A. , Pastor J. , Rutllant J. , Ordeig J. , Degollada E. , Verdu J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe incidence and significance of the appearance of various associated congenital malformations in a single individual have received poor attention in veterinary medicine. In this article, the malformations exhibited by four animals pertaining to three different animal species are described, and the possible reasons for the association of these anomalies are discussed from the viewpoint of the comparative medicine. All four animals showed two or three malformations constituting unrecognized teratological syndromes, so‐called one‐of‐a‐kind syndromes, which have not previously been described, at least in these particular animal species. A pig was affected by a series of craniofacial anomalies consisting in a first arch syndrome together with an occipito‐parietal meningocele. Another member of the porcine species showed holoprosencephaly with cyclopia, various defects in the left forelimb and an extensive omphalocele. A dicephalic cat with cervical rachischisis and myeloschisis and a dog exhibiting spina bifida, curled tail and atresia ani are also described.
Alpha‐Chloralose Anesthesia Inhibits the Somato‐Sympathetic Reflex Response in Cats More Effectively than Halothan
Authors: Gaumann D. M. , Yaksh T. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of halothane anesthesia (H; 0. 8 Vol%) or alpha‐chloralose anesthesia (AC; 60mg/kg i. v.) on the somato‐sympatho‐adrenal reflex response evoked by supramaximal bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation, were examined in two groups of cats (H: n = 6; AC: n = 4). Blood samples were collected simultaneously from the adrenal vein and femoral artery at baseline (SI) and during bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation (S2) for the measurement of norepinephrine, epinephrine, neuropeptide Y, and Metenkephalin, while mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. There were no differences between groups at baseline. In halothane anesthetized cats, sciatic nerve stimulation caused significant increases in MABP (SI: 113 ± 8 mm Hg, S2: 178 ± 10mm Hg; mean ± SE), HR (SI: 223 ± 15bpm, S2: 278 ± 22bpm), and adrenal vein plasma levels of norepinephrine (SI: 3. 1 ± 0. 98 ng/ml, S2: 19. 53 ± 11. 5ng/ml), epinephrine (SI: 15. 5 ± 4. 76ng/ml, S2: 67. 31 ± 14. 9ng/ml), neuropeptide Y (SI: 1. 3 ± 0. 12ng/ml, S2: 2. 16 ± 0. 42 ng/ml), and Met‐enkephalin (SI: 107 ± 35. 7pg/ ml, S2: 200 ± 76. 5pg/ml). In contrast, sciatic nerve stimulation in alpha‐chloralose anesthetized cats, caused a significant increase only in MABP during sciatic nerve stimulation (SI: 115 ± 10mm Hg, S2: 171 ± 7 mm Hg), while HR and adrenal vein plasma levels of catecholamines, neuropeptide Y and Metenkephalin remained unchanged from baseline. Adrenal vein epinephrine levels measured during stimulation in the alpha‐chloralose group (S2: 6. 17 ± .86 ng/ml), were significantly lower as compared to values observed during halothane anesthesia. These data clearly demonstrate inhibitory effects of alpha‐chloralose on the somato‐sympathetic reflex response, which may reflect a central analgesic effect of this drug. A light level of halothane anesthesia seems to be more appropriate than alpha‐chloralose for cat experiments examining sympatho‐adrenal responses.