bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patellar taping affects vastus medialis obliquus activation in subjects with patellofemoral pain before and after quadriceps muscle fatigue
Authors: Ng Gabriel YF , Wong Pamela YK 
Published: May 2009

Objective: To investigate the effects of patellar taping on the electromyographic onset of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis, and their magnitudes of reflex contraction before and after quadriceps muscle fatigue in subjects with patellofemoral pain. Methods: Sixteen adults (5 males) diagnosed with patellofemoral pain were studied. The timing of surface electromyography onset and magnitude of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis contractions were measured during a postero-anterior knee perturbation test. The tests were conducted in random order under three conditions of real taping, placebo taping and no taping. Afterwards, the subjects performed knee extension exercises until fatigue and the above tests were repeated, so as to examine the effects of patellar taping in a muscle fatigued condition. Results: There was no significant difference in electromyographic onset timing of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis or in the amplitude of vastus lateralis contraction among the different testing conditions. For vastus medialis obliquus amplitude, however, it was significantly higher in the no taping than the real taping condition regardless of the state of fatigue (P = 0.013). Conclusions: The present study suggests that patellar taping might not enhance the temporal activation of vastus medialis obliquus in subjects with patellofemoral pain before and after muscle fatigue. Furthermore, vastus medialis obliquus contraction might be inhibited by patellar taping.
Open Reconstruction of Large Bony Glenoid Erosion with Allogeneic Bone Graft for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Weng Pei-Wei , Shen Hsain-Chung , Lee Hsieh-Hsing , Wu Shing-Sheng , Lee Chian-Her 
Published: May 2009

Background Severe glenoid bone loss in recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability is rare and difficult to treat. Purpose The authors present a surgical technique using allogeneic bone grafting for open anatomic glenoid reconstruction in addition to the capsular shift procedure. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Nine consecutive patients with a history of recurrent anterior shoulder instability underwent reconstruction of large bony glenoid erosion with a femoral head allograft combined with an anteroinferior capsular shift procedure. Preoperative computed tomographic and arthroscopic evaluation was performed to confirm a ≥120° osseous defect of the anteroinferior quadrant of the glenoid cavity, which had an “inverted-pear” appearance. Patients were followed for at least 4.5 years (range, 4.5-14). Serial postoperative radiographs were evaluated. Functional outcomes were assessed using Rowe scores. Results All grafts showed bony union within 6 months after surgery. The mean Rowe score improved to 84 from a preoperative score of 24. The mean loss of external rotation was 7° compared with the normal shoulder. One subluxation and 1 dislocation occurred after grand mal seizures during follow-up. These 2 patients regained shoulder stability after closed reduction. The remaining patients did not report recurrent instability. All patients resumed daily activities without restricted motion. Conclusion This technique for open reconstruction is viable for the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability with large bony glenoid erosion.
Histological evaluation of internally-fixed osteochondral lesions of the knee
Authors: Adachi N. , Motoyama M. , Deie M. , Ishikawa M. , Arihiro K. , Ochi M. 
Published: May 2009

We evaluated the histological changes before and after fixation in ten knees of ten patients with osteochondritis dissecans who had undergone fixation of the unstable lesions. There were seven males and three females with a mean age of 15 years (11 to 22). The procedure was performed either using bio-absorbable pins only or in combination with an autologous osteochondral plug. A needle biopsy was done at the time of fixation and at the time of a second-look arthroscopy at a mean of 7.8 months (6 to 9) after surgery. The biopsy specimens at the second-look arthroscopy showed significant improvement in the histological grading score compared with the pre-fixation scores (p < 0.01). In the specimens at the second-look arthroscopy, the extracellular matrix was stained more densely than at the time of fixation, especially in the middle to deep layers of the articular cartilage. Our findings show that articular cartilage regenerates after fixation of an unstable lesion in osteochondritis dissecans.
Bilateral total hip replacement in osteogenesis imperfecta with hyperplastic callus
Authors: Ramaswamy R. , Kosashvili Y. , Cameron H. 
Published: May 2009

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare inherited disorder of connective tissue which may present with recurrent fractures which are prone to nonunion and malunion resulting in deformity. Some patients develop osteoarthritis of the hip. Formation of hyperplastic callus after recurrent fractures may deform the shape of the femur and preclude the use of standard implants at joint replacement. Replacement can thus be technically demanding. We present a case of bilateral hip replacement in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta and hyperplastic callus which was treated by the use of long femoral allografts and cemented femoral stems.
The Medial Rotation total knee replacement
Authors: Mannan K. , Scott G. 
Published: May 2009

We describe the survivorship of the Medial Rotation total knee replacement (TKR) at ten years in 228 cemented primary replacements implanted between October 1994 and October 2006, with their clinical and radiological outcome. This implant has a highly congruent medial compartment, with the femoral component represented by a portion of a sphere which articulates with a matched concave surface on the medial side of the tibial insert. There were 78 men (17 bilateral TKRs) and 111 women (22 bilateral TKRs) with a mean age of 67.9 years (28 to 90). All the patients were assessed clinically and radiologically using the American Knee Society scoring systems. The mean follow-up was for six years (1 to 13) with only two patients lost to follow-up and 34 dying during the period of study, one of whom had required revision for infection. There were 11 revisions performed in total, three for aseptic loosening, six for infection, one for a periprosthetic fracture and one for a painful but well-fixed replacement performed at another centre. With revision for any cause as the endpoint, the survival at ten years was 94.5% (95% CI 85.1 to 100), and with aseptic loosening as the endpoint 98.4% (95% CI 93 to 100). The mean American Knee Society score improved from 47.6 (0 to 88) to 72.2 (26 to 100) and for function from 45.1 (0 to 100) to 93.1 (45 to 100). Radiological review failed to detect migration in any of the surviving knees. The clinical and radiological results of the Medial Rotation TKR are satisfactory at ten years. The increased congruence of the medial compartment has not led to an increased rate of loosening and continued use can be supported.
Traumatic separation of the distal epiphysis of the humerus sustained at birth
Authors: Jacobsen S. , Hansson G. , Nathorst-Westfelt J. 
Published: May 2009

We reviewed the clinical and radiological results of six patients who had sustained traumatic separation of the distal epiphysis of the humerus at birth. The correct diagnosis was made from plain radiographs and often supplemented with ultrasonography, MRI and arthrography. An orthopaedic surgeon saw two patients within two days of birth, and the other four were seen at between nine and 30 days. The two neonates underwent unsuccessful attempts at closed reduction. In the remaining patients, seen after the age of eight days, no attempt at reduction was made. All six displaced fractures were immobilised in a cast with the elbow at 90° of flexion and the forearm pronated. When seen at a mean of 58 months (16 to 120) after injury, the clinical and radiological results were excellent in five patients, with complete realignment of the injury. In one patient the forearm lay in slightly reduced valgus with the elbow in full extension. Traumatic separation of the distal epiphysis of the humerus may be missed on the maternity wards and not diagnosed until after discharge from hospital. However, even when no attempt is made to reduce the displaced epiphysis, a good clinical result can be expected.
The knee in full flexion
Authors: Pinskerova V. , Samuelson K. M. , Stammers J. , Maruthainar K. , Sosna A. , Freeman M. A. R. 
Published: May 2009

There has been only one limited report dating from 1941 using dissection which has described the tibiofemoral joint between 120° and 160° of flexion despite the relevance of this arc to total knee replacement. We now provide a full description having examined one living and eight cadaver knees using MRI, dissection and previously published cryosections in one knee. In the range of flexion from 120° to 160° the flexion facet centre of the medial femoral condyle moves back 5 mm and rises up on to the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. At 160° the posterior horn is compressed in a synovial recess between the femoral cortex and the tibia. This limits flexion. The lateral femoral condyle also rolls back with the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus moving with the condyle. Both move down over the posterior tibia at 160° of flexion. Neither the events between 120° and 160° nor the anatomy at 160° could result from a continuation of the kinematics up to 120°. Therefore hyperflexion is a separate arc. The anatomical and functional features of this arc suggest that it would be difficult to design an implant for total knee replacement giving physiological movement from 0° to 160°.
Commentary: Colonoscopic Findings and Tumor Site Do Not Predict Bowel Obstruction During Medical Treatment of Stage IV Colon Cancer
Authors: Damjanov Nevena 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This commentary discusses the accompanying Ballian et al. analysis of a study of whether colonoscopic findings can provide indications for prophylactic primary tumor resection or colonic diversion in the treatment of stage IV colon cancer.
Simulation model of the fractal patterns in ionic conducting polymer films
Authors: Amir Shahizat , Mohamed Nor , Hashim Ali Siti 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Normally polymer electrolyte membranes are prepared and studied for applications in electrochemical devices. In this work, polymer electrolyte membranes have been used as the media to culture fractals. In order to simulate the growth patterns and stages of the fractals, a model has been identified based on the Brownian motion theory. A computer coding has been developed for the model to simulate and visualize the fractal growth. This computer program has been successful in simulating the growth of the fractal and in calculating the fractal dimension of each of the simulated fractal patterns. The fractal dimensions of the simulated fractals are comparable with the values obtained in the original fractals observed in the polymer electrolyte membrane. This indicates that the model developed in the present work is within acceptable conformity with the original fractal.
Magnetic and structural anomalies of NanC60 (n = 2, 3)
Authors: Kulbachinskii Vladimir , Bulychev Boris , Kytin Vladimir , Krechetov Alexey , Tarasov Valeriy , Konstantinova Elizaveta , Velikodnyi Yuriy , Muravlev Yuriy , Zoteev Andrey 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Sodium fullerides NanC60 (n = 2, 3) have been synthesized by a liquid phase reaction and investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance, and differential thermal analysis. XRD data indicate that the crystal structure of Na2C60 at 300 K is face centered cubic (FCC). A phase transition from primitive cubic to FCC crystal structure has been observed in this work in Na2C60 fulleride at 290 K. The transition is accompanied by the step-like change of paramagnetic susceptibility. The crystal structure of Na3C60 is more complicated than, and different from, what has been reported in the literature. A nearly seven-fold increase of paramagnetic susceptibility with increasing temperature has been observed in the Na3C60 fulleride at 240–260 K. In the same temperature range, a new line at about 255 ppm appears in the 23Na NMR spectrum, indicating a significant increase of electron density near the Na nucleus. The observed effect can be explained by a metal-insulator transition caused by a structural transition.
Semiclassical bosonic D-brane boundary states in curved spacetime
Authors: Vancea Ion 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
In this paper we discuss the existence of quantum D-brane states in the strong gravitational field and in the presence of a constant Kalb-Ramond field. A semiclassical string quantization method in which the spacetime metric g
AB and the constant antisymmetric Kalb-Ramond field b
AB are treated exactly is employed. In this framework, the semiclassical D-branes are defined at the first order perturbation around the trajectory of the center-of-mass of a string. The set of equations the semiclassical D-branes must satisfy in a general strong gravitational field are given. These equations are solved in the AdS background where it is shown that a D-brane coherent state exists if the operators that project the string fields onto the corresponding Neumann and Dirichlet directions satisfy a set of algebraic constraints. A second set of equations that should be satisfied by the projectors in order that the semiclassical state be compatible with the global structure of the D-brane are derived in the particle limit of a string in the torsionless AdS background.
The anti-apoptotic activity of albumin for endothelium is inhibited by advanced glycation end products restricting intramolecular movement
Authors: Zoellner Hans , Siddiqui Salman , Kelly Elizabeth , Medbury Heather 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) inhibits endothelial apoptosis in a highly specific manner. CNBr fragmentation greatly increases the effectiveness of this activity, suggesting that this type of protection is mediated by a partially cryptic albumin domain which is transiently exposed by intramolecular movement. Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation in HSA greatly reduces its intra-molecular movement. This study aimed to determine if this inhibits the anti-apoptotic activity of HSA, and if such inactivation could be reversed by CNBr fragmentation. HSA-AGE was prepared by incubating HSA with glucose, and assessed using the fructosamine assay, mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE and fluorometry. Low levels of AGE in the HSA had little effect upon its anti-apoptotic activity, but when the levels of AGE were high and the intra-molecular movement was reduced, endothelial cell survival was also found to be reduced to levels equivalent to those in cultures without HSA or serum (p > 0.001). Survival was restored by the inclusion of native HSA, despite the presence of HSA with high levels of AGE. Also, CNBr fragmentation of otherwise inactive HSA-AGE restored the anti-apoptotic activity for endothelium. Apoptosis was confirmed by DNA gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and there was no evidence for direct toxicity in the HSA-AGE preparations. The results are consistent with the proposed role of intra-molecular movement in exposing the anti-apoptotic domain in HSA for endothelium. The levels of AGE formation required to inhibit the anti-apoptotic activity of HSA exceeded those reported for diabetes. Nonetheless, the data from this study seems to be the first example of reduced protein function due to AGE-restricted intra-molecular movement.
Short-term Effects of High-Intensity Laser Therapy Versus Ultrasound Therapy in the Treatment of People With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Santamato Andrea , Solfrizzi Vincenzo , Panza Francesco , Tondi Giovanna , Frisardi Vincenza , Leggin Brian G. , Ranieri Maurizio , Fiore Pietro 
Published: May 2009

BackgroundSubacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) is a painful condition resulting from the entrapment of anatomical structures between the anteroinferior corner of the acromion and the greater tuberosity of the humerus.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) versus ultrasound (US) therapy in the treatment of SAIS.DesignThe study was designed as a randomized clinical trial.SettingThe study was conducted in a university hospital.PatientsSeventy patients with SAIS were randomly assigned to a HILT group or a US therapy group.InterventionStudy participants received 10 treatment sessions of HILT or US therapy over a period of 2 consecutive weeks.MeasurementsOutcome measures were the Constant-Murley Scale (CMS), a visual analog scale (VAS), and the Simple Shoulder Test (SST).ResultsFor the 70 study participants (42 women and 28 men; mean [SD] age=54.1 years [9.0]; mean [SD] VAS score at baseline=6.4 [1.7]), there were no between-group differences at baseline in VAS, CMS, and SST scores. At the end of the 2-week intervention, participants in the HILT group showed a significantly greater decrease in pain than participants in the US therapy group. Statistically significant differences in change in pain, articular movement, functionality, and muscle strength (force-generating capacity) (VAS, CMS, and SST scores) were observed after 10 treatment sessions from the baseline for participants in the HILT group compared with participants in the US therapy group. In particular, only the difference in change of VAS score between groups (1.65 points) surpassed the accepted minimal clinically important difference for this tool.LimitationsThis study was limited by sample size, lack of a control or placebo group, and follow-up period.ConclusionsParticipants diagnosed with SAIS showed greater reduction in pain and improvement in articular movement functionality and muscle strength of the affected shoulder after 10 treatment sessions of HILT than did participants receiving US therapy over a period of 2 consecutive weeks.
Course of the hepatic inferior vena cava in a Kenyan population
Authors: Bundi Karau Paul , Ogeng'o Julius A. , Hassanali Jameela , Odula Paul O. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe course of the hepatic inferior vena cava (HIVC) has a wide range of variations which are relevant in hepato‐vascular surgery and liver transplantation. Eighty livers were studied for hepatic course and axial orientation of the HIVC. The HIVC was found to run in an incomplete tunnel in 43.8% of the cases (n = 35), complete tunnel in 32.5% of the cases (n = 26) while in the rest, it was contained in a shallow groove on the retrohepatic surface. It assumed an oblique course in relation to the longitudinal axis of the liver in 60% of the cases (n = 48). The findings of this study vary to a wide range from those reported previously, and call for extra caution during surgical operations involving the HIVC region. Clin. Anat. 22:610–613, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural changes in the acromioclavicular joint measured by ultrasonography during provocative tests
Authors: Park Gi‐Young , Park Jung Hyun , Bae Jung‐Ho 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is a common source of pain and disability. Several provocative tests are used to diagnose ACJ lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate anatomic changes of the ACJ using dynamic ultrasonography during provocative tests. Eighty ACJs of 40 healthy volunteers were subjected to dynamic ultrasonographic examinations. Examinations were performed in a resting position and during passive external rotation, cross body adduction, and active compression testing. Deep joint space distance and capsule displacement were measured ultrasonographically. Mean deep joint space distances during cross body adduction (6.4 ± 1.6 mm) and active compression (6.6 ± 1.8 mm) testing were significantly smaller than during passive external rotation testing (7.7 ± 1.7 mm, P < 0.01) or rest (8.1 ± 1.8 mm, P < 0.01). Mean capsule displacements during active compression (3.5 ± 0.8 mm) and cross body adduction (3.4 ± 0.7 mm) testing were significantly greater than those during passive external rotation testing (2.9 ± 0.7 mm, P < 0.01) or rest (2.5 ± 0.7 mm, P < 0.01). Dynamic ultrasonography revealed that the cross body adduction and active compression tests applied more stress to the ACJ than the passive external rotation test, which suggests that these two tests are likely to be more useful provocative tests for the diagnosis of ACJ lesions. Furthermore, the dynamic properties of ultrasonography could be used to estimate the suitability and validity of provocative tests in other musculoskeletal diseases. Clin. Anat. 22:580–585, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Historical review of breast lymphatic studies
Authors: Suami Hiroo , Pan Wei‐Ren , Taylor G. Ian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe gross anatomy of the lymphatic system is one of the least studied areas of anatomy, primarily because of the technical difficulties encountered in demonstrating this almost invisible yet vast system. Similarly, there have been very few studies of the gross lymphatic anatomy of the adult human breast. Previous studies used young pregnant female cadavers. When mercury was injected into the lactiferous ducts or breast lymphatic channels, these cadavers enabled early anatomists to see the breast lymphatics. Both Cruikshank (1786) and Cooper (1840) located the axillary lymph pathway as well as accessory pathways directly from the breast. Sappey (1874) concluded that all lymphatics arising from the breast drained into the axilla via the subareolar plexus. Current descriptions of the breast lymphatics may be traced back to the diagram made by Poirier and Cuneo (1902). However, it is apparent that this diagram is a composite of adult breast studies by Sappey, their fetal studies and even clinical feedback. This study provides an historical perspective of the methods that have been previously used to study the lymphatics of the breast and introduces an update on current investigative approaches. Clin. Anat. 22:531–536, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.