bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Then I Met This Lovely Police Woman’ Young People's Experiences of Engagement with the Criminal Justice System
Authors: McElvaney Rosaleen , Collin‐Vezina Delphine , Alaggia Ramona , Simpson Megan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractYoung people's voices detailing how they experienced engagement with the criminal justice system following child sexual abuse, what was helpful or unhelpful and how services can be improved to minimise secondary victimisation and maximise the potential for healing are largely absent from the research literature. This paper draws on semi‐structured interviews with a culturally diverse sample (n = 47) of young people aged 14 to 25 across Ireland and Canada about their experiences of disclosure and engagement with systems. Data were collected pertaining to experiences engaging with law enforcement personnel using thematic analysis with a trauma‐informed lens. The research identified three key themes: the importance of feeling safe through kindness, transparency and being believed; the importance of having a say; and the importance of timely court processes. The study builds on the small body of qualitative research illustrating young people's lived experiences of engaging with the criminal justice system and provides empirical support for promoting a trauma‐informed approach in how police engage with young people. Guidance is offered for police professionals on how to engage with adolescents following sexual abuse.
An analysis of long‐term clinical outcome following the use of excimer laser coronary atherectomy in a large UK PCI center
Authors: Hinton Jonathan , Tuffs Conor , Varma Rajesh , Hurwitz‐Bremner Robert , Hein Aung , Kwok Chun Shing , Din Jehangir , Kodoth Vivek , Levy Terry , Swallow Rosie , Talwar Suneel , O'Kane Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundExcimer laser atherectomy (ELCA) is an established adjunctive technique to facilitate acute success in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite this there are a lack of contemporary outcome data, particulary longer‐term, forpatients treated with ELCA PCI.AimsTo evaluate the contemporary use ofELCA in PCI, the frequency of periprocedural complications and the longer‐term outcomes associated with ELCA PCI.MethodsThis was a retrospective study that included all patients undergoing PCI (with or without ELCA) between April 2005 and May 2021. Relevant features from all cases were downloaded from the patient record and matched to hospital data on mortality on November 22, 2022. Kaplan Meier curves were used to compare mortality between the ELCA PCI and non‐ELCA PCI cohorts with a landmark at 1 year. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to assess whether ELCA PCI was independently associated with long‐term mortality.ResultThere were 21,256 patients in this analysis, of which 448 (2.1%) were treated with ELCA PCI. ELCA PCI was associated with a higher frequency of any periprocedural complication. Median follow‐up was 2812 days (IQR, 1577–4245 days) with higher mortality in ELCA PCI (38.2% vs. 29.0%,p < 0.001). However, on multivariable analysis, ELCA PCI was not independently associated with long‐term mortality. The TVR frequency in ELCA PCI was 16.7% but TVR was significantly higher for cases of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) (29.5%).ConclusionDespite ELCA PCI being used in higher risk populations with complex coronary artery disease there was no long‐term increased mortality associated with the use of this device. ELCA PCI for ISR is highly effective and safe although TVR in this cohort remains high in long‐term follow‐up.
Helicene Appended Benzothiadiazoles as Chiral Emitters
Authors: Martin Kévin , Aharon Tal , Mastropasqua Talamo Maurizio , Hauser Andreas , Bürgi Thomas , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Caricato Marco , Avarvari Narcis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA homologous series of 4,7‐bis(aryl) substituted benzothiadiazole (BTD) compounds, containing the helicenic derivatives bis([4]helicene), bis([5]helicene) and bis([6]helicene), have been prepared upon a double Suzuki coupling between 3,6‐bis(pinacolyl‐borane)‐BTD and the corresponding bromo‐aryl precursors. The single crystal X‐ray structure of the bis([4]helicene) compound shows the existence of both helicities (M) and (P) on the same molecule. All the compounds of the series are highly emissive in solution, with quantum yields of the emission ranging from 50 to 91 %. The enantiopure compounds (M,M) and (P,P) for the BTD‐bis([6]helicene) have been prepared from the corresponding enantiopure 2‐bromo‐[6]helicene precursors. Their chiroptical properties have been investigated in correlation with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which allowed to confidently assign the absolute configuration of the helicene arms and to characterize the different electronic transitions, including the low energy charge transfer excitation from helicenes to BTD. The enantiomerically pure fluorophores (M,M)‐ and (P,P)‐BTD‐bis([6]helicene), which exist in solution as two main conformers, according to the DFT calculations, show CPL activity in solution, with glum factors of ≈1.7×10−3 at λem=525 nm, and also in the solid state, with glum factors of ≈1.2×10−3 in spite of the strong decrease of the quantum efficiency.
Effective approach to assess higher heating value of biomass from ultimate and proximate analysis
Authors: Ghiasi Mohammad M. , Mohammadzadeh Omid , Zendehboudi Sohrab , Fgaier Hedia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor proper design and operation of biomass‐based energy systems, it is important to determine the higher heating value (HHV) of biomass. In this paper, two machine learning (ML) approaches, namely extra trees (ET) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), are used to predict the value of HHV associated with biofuels. The data required for HHV calculation, including proximate and ultimate analyses datasets, were collected from the literature. The performances of these two ML approaches for predicting biomass HHV were then compared with other smart models available in the literature. Even though the available empirical models can predict the biomass HHV with acceptable precision, it was found that our proposed ML techniques have a superior performance based on the error analysis; the proposed approaches also consider all key biomass characteristics in the developed models. In addition, the ET model proved to be slightly more accurate compared to the LSSVM model. Additionally, the developed proximate‐based ET model showed better performance compared to the ultimate‐based ET model. The most influential parameters in the developed ET models for the proximate and ultimate approaches were determined to be ash fraction and carbon fraction, respectively. Finally, it was concluded that the smart modelling techniques can be utilized as a robust and reliable alternative predictive methodology to replace direct laboratory measurement of the biomass HHV.
First‐Principles Study of High‐Entropy Sulfides and their Alkali Metal‐Doped Modification as Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Shun , Tong Likai , Zhang Bo , Fu Xiuli 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy materials (HEMs) have been explored as high‐capacity cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their excellent structural stability and abundant metal redox sites. Among them, high‐entropy sulfides (HESs) have greater potential and more extensive research than high‐entropy oxides, as they exhibit higher charging voltage and theoretical capacity as cathodes. Furthermore, alkali metal doping of HESs can further enhance their performance and broaden their application fields. Inspired by the cocktail effect of HEMs, we performed the first theoretical calculation of the properties of Na(MnFeCoNi)1/2S and its Li‐doped derivative, Na7/8Li1/8(MnFeCoNi)1/2S, to understand their potential as SIB cathode materials. Using density functional theory based on first principles, we investigated the structure and electronic characteristics of Na(MnFeCoNi)1/2S and Na7/8Li1/8(MnFeCoNi)1/2S, and calculated their theoretical voltage and capacity, respectively. Compared with Na(MnFeCoNi)1/2S, Na7/8Li1/8(MnFeCoNi)1/2S showed better electronic performance in reducing the band gap and increasing the density of states, ultimately providing a specific capacity of 160.3 mAh ⋅ g−1 and a charging voltage of 4.85 V in sodium‐ion storage. Moreover, Na7/8Li1/8(MnFeCoNi)1/2S exhibited remarkable structural stability throughout the sodium‐ion deintercalation process, thus it can be reasonably concluded that Na7/8Li1/8(MnFeCoNi)1/2S can serve as an excellent cathode material for future SIB applications.
Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology for Predicting and Maximizing Biodiesel Production from Waste Oil with KI/CaO/Al2O3 Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Loryuenyong Vorrada , Rohing Sitifatimah , Singhanam Papatsara , Kamkang Hatsatorn , Buasri Achanai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiodiesel from waste oil is produced using heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification in a fixed bed reactor (FBR). Potassium iodide/calcium oxide/alumina (KI/CaO/Al2O3) catalyst was prepared through the processes of calcination and impregnation. The novel catalyst was analyzed with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDX). The design of experiment (DoE) method resulted in a total of 20 experimental runs. The significance of 3 reaction parameters, namely catalyst bed height, methanol to waste oil molar ratio, and residence time, and their combined impact on biodiesel yield is investigated. Both the artificial neural network (ANN) based on artificial intelligence (AI) and the Box‐Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized in order to optimize the process conditions and maximize the biodiesel production. A quadratic regression model was developed to predict biodiesel yield, with a correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.9994 for ANN model and a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9986 for BBD model. The maximum amount of biodiesel that can be produced is 98.88 % when catalyst bed height is 7.87 cm, molar ratio of methanol to waste oil is 17.47 : 1, and residence time is 3.12 h. The results of this study indicate that ANN and BBD models can effectively be used to optimize and synthesize the highest %yield of biodiesel in a FBR.
Aqueous Redox Flow Cells Utilizing Verdazyl Cations enabled by Polybenzimidazole Membranes
Authors: Kunz Simon , Bui Trung Tuyen , Emmel Dominik , Janek Jürgen , Henkensmeier Dirk , Schröder Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNon‐aqueous organic redox flow batteries (RFB) utilizing verdazyl radicals are increasingly explored as energy storage technology. Verdazyl cations in RFBs with acidic aqueous electrolytes, however, have not been investigated yet. To advance the application in aqueous RFBs it is crucial to examine the interaction with the utilized membranes. Herein, the interactions between the 1,3,5‐triphenylverdazyl cation and commercial Nafion 211 and self‐casted polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes are systematically investigated to improve the performance in RFBs. The impact of polymer backbones is studied by using mPBI and OPBI as well as different pre‐treatments with KOH and H3PO4. Nafion 211 shows substantial absorption of the 1,3,5‐triphenylverdazylium cation resulting in loss of conductivity. In contrast, mPBI and OPBI are chemically stable against the verdazylium cation without noticeable absorption. Pre‐treatment with KOH leads to a significant increase in ionic conductivity as well as low absorption and permeation of the verdazylium cation. Symmetrical RFB cell tests on lab‐scale highlight the beneficial impact of PBI membranes in terms of capacity retention and I‐V curves over Nafion 211. With only 2 % d−1 capacity fading 1,3,5‐triphenylverdazyl cations in acidic electrolytes with low‐cost PBI based membranes exhibit a higher cycling stability compared to state‐of‐the‐art batteries using verdazyl derivatives in non‐aqueous electrolytes.
A novel speed sensor‐less stator flux‐oriented vector control of dual‐stator induction generator for grid‐tied wind energy conversion system
Authors: Das Abhijit , Chatterjee Shantanu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe paper proposes a novel speed sensor‐less stator flux‐oriented vector control of dual‐stator induction generator suitable for high‐power applications in grid‐tied wind energy conversion system. In this control strategy, the magnitude and angle of the flux are directly estimated by the measured stator voltages and currents. As the voltage and current sensors are placed on the stationery stator part, therefore, the proposed control strategy does not affect the robustness of the machine compared to the conventional rotor flux‐oriented vector control where the sensors need to be mounted on the rotating part of the machine. Moreover, the proposed speed encoder‐less stator flux‐oriented vector control eliminates the use of speed encoder, thereby reducing the cost and eliminating the error caused due to faulty speed measurement by the speed encoder of the overall system. The performance of the novel speed sensor‐less stator flux‐oriented vector control scheme has been verified by simulation and then experimentally on a 2 hp, 415 V, 50 Hz, three‐phase dual‐stator induction generator drive. The control strategy was implemented through dSPACE 1104 DAC card. From the simulated and the experimental results, it is evident that the proposed control strategy reflects improved performance w.r.t. conventional rotor flux‐oriented vector control.
A new‐high efficiency non‐isolated DC‐DC converter with combination of step‐up techniques
Authors: Mizani Amirreza , Gao Hang , Amraei Amin , Khaburi Davood Arab 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn this paper, a new high‐step‐up DC‐DC converter without any coupled inductors or transformers is introduced. The structure of the introduced converter consists of two boost techniques, namely, switched inductor and switched capacitor, used simultaneously. The drawbacks of each technique are mitigated according to the proposed structure and the introduced control method. Therefore, the main contribution of the introduced converter is its ability to use boost techniques while avoiding high input current ripples and inrush currents in the path of semiconductor devices. Thus, there is no need for an auxiliary inductor. Additionally, the number of required components is low, and it benefits from a common ground, which are advantages of this converter in terms of economy and reliability. Another advantage is the high efficiency of the proposed converter in comparison with recent topologies, making it suitable for renewable energy applications such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and fuel cell applications. The proposed converter has been implemented in a laboratory to verify its performance. It operates at 94.51% efficiency with a 200 W output power, a 40 kHz switching frequency, a 40 V input voltage, and a 240 V output voltage.
A novel dual‐band forward/inverse Doherty power amplifier
Authors: Jiang Shuren , Liu Guohua , You Minghui , Wu Yuezhi 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn this paper, a dual‐band forward/inverse Doherty power amplifier (F/I‐DPA) based on hybrid load modulation network is proposed. The amplifier replaces the λ/4 transmission line in a conventional Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with a coupler‐based load modulation network (LMN) that incorporates a post matching network (PMN) for load modulation at the isolated ports. The LMN can realize both conventional DPA and inverse DPA load modulation methods in the operating band. In order to verify this theory, a prototype with 6 dB output power back‐off (OBO) at 3.3–3.6 GHz and 4.8–5.0 GHz was designed. The measured results indicate that the output power of the F/I‐DPA is 42–42.8 dBm and 41.4–43.4 dBm, and its saturation efficiencies are 68.1%–74.2% and 61%–72.6%, respectively. The corresponding 6‐dB OBO efficiencies is 37.4%–54.5% and 38%–49.3%, respectively.
Targeting c‐Myc transactivation by LMNA inhibits tRNA processing essential for malate‐aspartate shuttle and tumour progression
Authors: Wang Jianqun , Hong Mei , Cheng Yang , Wang Xiaojing , Li Dan , Chen Guo , Bao Banghe , Song Jiyu , Du Xinyi , Yang Chunhui , Zheng Liduan , Tong Qiangsong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundA series of studies have demonstrated the emerging involvement of transfer RNA (tRNA) processing during the progression of tumours. Nevertheless, the roles and regulating mechanisms of tRNA processing genes in neuroblastoma (NB), the prevalent malignant tumour outside the brain in children, are yet unknown.MethodsAnalysis of multi‐omics results was conducted to identify crucial regulators of downstream tRNA processing genes. Co‐immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry methods were utilised to measure interaction between proteins. The impact of transcriptional regulators on expression of downstream genes was measured by dual‐luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation, western blotting and real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) methods. Studies have been conducted to reveal impact and mechanisms of transcriptional regulators on biological processes of NB. Survival differences were analysed using the log‐rank test.Resultsc‐Myc was identified as a transcription factor driving tRNA processing gene expression and subsequent malate‐aspartate shuttle (MAS) in NB cells. Mechanistically, c‐Myc directly promoted the expression of glutamyl‐prolyl‐tRNA synthetase (EPRS) and leucyl‐tRNA synthetase (LARS), resulting in translational up‐regulation of glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) as well as malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) via inhibiting general control nonrepressed 2 or activating mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling. Meanwhile, lamin A (LMNA) inhibited c‐Myc transactivation via physical interaction, leading to suppression of MAS, aerobic glycolysis, tumourigenesis and aggressiveness. Pre‐clinically, lobeline was discovered as a LMNA‐binding compound to facilitate its interaction with c‐Myc, which inhibited aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase expression, MAS and tumour progression of NB, as well as growth of organoid derived from c‐Myc knock‐in mice. Low levels of LMNA or elevated expression of c‐Myc, EPRS, LARS, GOT1 or MDH1 were linked to a worse outcome and a shorter survival time of clinical NB patients.ConclusionsThese results suggest that targeting c‐Myc transactivation by LMNA inhibits tRNA processing essential for MAS and tumour progression.
Identification of N‐pyrrolidino protonitazene in powders sold as heroin and associated with overdose clusters in Dublin and Cork, Ireland
Authors: Killoran Sarah , McNamara Sinéad , Kavanagh Pierce , O'Brien John , Lakes Rodney 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSynthetic opioids have been associated globally with adverse effects in drug users. The nitazene group of drugs is a relatively new addition to the synthetic opioid class emerging in Europe in 2019. Some nitazenes have been shown to be more potent than fentanyl. Overdose clusters in heroin users in Dublin (57 cases) and Cork (20 cases), Ireland, in November and December 2023, respectively, prompted a rapid response from a number of Irish laboratories to identify the substance(s) of concern. Light brown (tan) powders were obtained from cases associated with overdoses, and the results from these analyses by collaboration of four laboratories are reported here. The samples were found to contain N‐pyrrolidino protonitazene (protonitazepyne), caffeine, paracetamol, benzoic acid and mannitol.
Divvying up the pie: Tissue nutrient content is related to its parasite load
Authors: Stanley Adrienne , Valentine Shaley , Narr Charlotte F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe nutrient content of host resources can influence the abundance of parasites within an ecosystem, but linking specific nutrients in a host to the abundance of different parasite taxa remains a challenge. Here, we work to forge this link by quantifying the relationship between the nutrient content of specific infection sites and the abundance of multiple parasite taxa within the digestive tract of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) collected from the Mississippi River. To generate a mechanistic understanding of these relationships, we tested four basic predictions: (1) the nutrient content of different host tissues (infection sites) varies within and across hosts, (2) the nutrient content of parasite genera differs from that of their host tissue(s), (3) the nutrient content of parasite genera differ from one another and (4) the nutrient content of host tissues is related to the nutrient content and abundance of parasite genera. We found support for each of these predictions. We found stoichiometric differences between the digestive tissues we examined. We also found that across hosts, intestine and pyloric caeca C:N ratios increased and %N decreased with fish condition factor. Both of the actively feeding parasitic genera we measured had lower C:N ratios compared to both their host tissue and other encysted/non‐reproductive genera, suggesting the potential for N limitation of these parasites in the intestines or pyloric caeca of hosts. Consistent with this possibility, we found that the total number of actively feeding parasitic worms in the pyloric caeca increased with that tissue's N:P ratio (but was not related to host condition factor). Our results suggest that parasites encounter significant variation in nutrient content within and across hosts and that this variation may influence the abundance of actively feeding parasites. This work highlights the need for additional empirical comparisons of parasite stoichiometry across tissues and individual hosts.
Large‐scale assessment of genetic structure to assess risk of populations of a large herbivore to disease
Authors: Walter W. David , Fameli Alberto , Russo‐Petrick Kelly , Edson Jessie E. , Rosenberry Christopher S. , Schuler Krysten L. , Tonkovich Michael J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic wasting disease (CWD) can spread among cervids by direct and indirect transmission, the former being more likely in emerging areas. Identifying subpopulations allows the delineation of focal areas to target for intervention. We aimed to assess the population structure of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern United States at a regional scale to inform managers regarding gene flow throughout the region. We genotyped 10 microsatellites in 5701 wild deer samples from Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. We evaluated the distribution of genetic variability through spatial principal component analysis and inferred genetic structure using non‐spatial and spatial Bayesian clustering algorithms (BCAs). We simulated populations representing each inferred wild cluster, wild deer in each state and each physiographic province, total wild population, and a captive population. We conducted genetic assignment tests using these potential sources, calculating the probability of samples being correctly assigned to their origin. Non‐spatial BCA identified two clusters across the region, while spatial BCA suggested a maximum of nine clusters. Assignment tests correctly placed deer into captive or wild origin in most cases (94%), as previously reported, but performance varied when assigning wild deer to more specific origins. Assignments to clusters inferred via non‐spatial BCA performed well, but efficiency was greatly reduced when assigning samples to clusters inferred via spatial BCA. Differences between spatial BCA clusters are not strong enough to make assignment tests a reliable method for inferring the geographic origin of deer using 10 microsatellites. However, the genetic distinction between clusters may indicate natural and anthropogenic barriers of interest for management.