bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Acetate in Pyrrolidinium Ionic Liquid as a Robust and Efficient Catalytic System for Epoxidation of Aliphatic Terminal Alkenes.
Authors: Ho Kam‐Piu , Wong Wing‐Leung , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk , Lam Kin‐Ming , Chan Tak Hang , Wong Kwok‐Yin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn efficient, reusable and scalable protocol for the rapid and selective oxidation of aliphatic, terminal alkenes to epoxides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Protected Allylic Amines.
Authors: Steinhuebel Dietrich P. , Krska Shane W. , Alorati Anthony , Baxter Jenny M. , Belyk Kevin , Bishop Brian , Palucki Michael , Sun Yongkui , Davies Ian W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA variety of protected allylic amines is hydrogenated using the axially chiral ligand in combination with the ruthenium complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Small Molecules with High Scaffold Diversity: Exploitation of Metathesis Cascades in Combination with Inter‐ and Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: O'Leary‐Steele Catherine , Pedersen Palle J. , James Thomas , Lanyon‐Hogg Thomas , Leach Stuart , Hayes Jerome , Nelson Adam 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA metathesis cascade reaction generates dienes, which are suitable substrates for inter‐ [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Organoaluminum Reagents from Propargylic Bromides and Aluminum Activated by PbCl2 and Their Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Addition to Carbonyl Derivatives.
Authors: Guo Li‐Na , Gao Hongjun , Mayer Peter , Knochel Paul 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTreatment of propargylic bromides with Al and PdCl2 allows mild and efficient access to propargylic and/or allenic aluminum reagents depending on the substitution pattern.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Preparation of N‐Methylpentan‐1‐amine: A Key Intermediate for Ibandronate Sodium.
Authors: Reddy V. V. R. M. Krishna , Chintamani U. S. , Udaykiran D. , Madhusudhan G. , Mukkanti K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn improved access to N‐methylpentan‐1‐amine (IV), key intermediate in the synthesis of the anti‐osteoclast agent ibandronate sodium (V), is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel/Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Cyanoesterification and Cyanocarbamoylation of Alkynes.
Authors: Hirata Yasuhiro , Yada Akira , Morita Eiji , Nakao Yoshiaki , Hiyama Tamejiro , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reactions of cyanoformates and cyanoformamides with alkynes are proceeding with high stereo‐ and regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 2,3‐Allenoates by Organocatalytic Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Yu Jie , Chen Wei‐Jie , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction is catalyzed by the chiral bisphosphoric acid and affords the (R)‐2,3‐allenoates [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Per‐6‐amino‐β‐cyclodextrin as a Reusable Promoter and Chiral Host for Enantioselective Henry Reaction.
Authors: Kanagaraj Kuppusamy , Suresh Palaniswamy , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA wide range of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes is reacted with nitromethane and nitroethane to afford the products with high yields, enantio‐ and in the case of nitroethane with high syn‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthesis of Trisubstituted Z‐Allylic Esters by Wittig—Schlosser Reaction.
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Arif Tanzeel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA new, experimentally straightforward method for the stereocontrolled formation of allylic esters by in situ trapping of β‐lithiooxyphosphonium ylides with readily available halomethyl esters is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Pyran Derivatives Obtained from Vinyl Malononitriles and Aldehydes via Vinylogous Aldol Reaction: A Novel Facile Method for the Synthesis of Dienamides.
Authors: Babu Thelagathoti Hari , Pawar Sujeet , Muralidharan D. , Perumal Paramasivan T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe simple one‐pot procedure proceeds via vinylogous aldol reaction of vinyl malononitriles with aldehydes followed by electrocyclic cleavage of the resulting pyran intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild, Efficient, and Robust Method for Stereocomplementary Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Using (E)‐ and (Z)‐Enol Tosylates.
Authors: Nishikado Hiroshi , Nakatsuji Hidefumi , Ueno Kanako , Nagase Ryohei , Tanabe Yoo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe simple procedure uses different iron(III) catalysts to prepare (E)‐ and (Z)‐disubstituted α,β‐unsaturated esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides by Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C—S Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Ranjit Sadananda , Duan Zhongyu , Zhang Pengfei , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction of the arylpropiolic acids with a wide range of thiols proceeds mostly with high or complete (Z)‐selectivity tolerating functionalized aromatic, benzylic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic thiols.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Reaction of Sterically Hindered Hydrazones with Aryl Halides: Synthesis of Tetra‐Substituted Olefins Related to iso‐Combretastatin A4.
Authors: Brachet Etienne , Hamze Abdallah , Peyrat Jean‐Francois , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction is catalyzed by PdCl2/(MeCN)2/dppp and provides an easy synthetic method for the preparation of tetrasubstituted alkenes, including those with the cycloalkylidene unit.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Alkynes with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Lin Che‐Hung , Wang Yu‐Jen , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe combination of Cu2O with Xantphos serves as powerful catalytic system for coupling of terminal alkynes with aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Iron(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Dimerization of 1,1,3‐Trisubstituted‐prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols as an Expedient Route to Highly Conjugated Indenes.
Authors: Rao Weidong , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe iron‐catalyzed route to the conjugated indenes is based on dimerization of trisubstituted propargylic alcohols such as (I) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spiroazoles Using Multicomponent Domino Transformations.
Authors: Altieri Elisa , Cordaro Massimiliano , Grassi Giovanni , Risitano Francesco , Scala Angela 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn improved synthetic protocol is developed for the highly regio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of spiroisoxazoles (IV) via a domino double nucleophilic addition—cyclization—alcoholic sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Catalysis in Ionic Liquids: A Recyclable Catalytic Synthesis of Benzofuran Derivatives.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Lupinacci Elvira , Salerno Giuseppe , Veltri Lucia 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction proceeds via sequential dealyllation/carbonylative heterocyclization of a variety of substituted 1‐(2‐allyloxyphenyl)‐2‐yn‐1‐ols [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroatom‐Directed Alkylcyanation of Alkynes.
Authors: Nakao Yoshiaki , Yada Akira , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRegio‐ and stereoselective alkylcyanation of alkynes is achieved by introducing a coordinating heteroatom in alkanenitriles and using nickel/Lewis acid catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric One‐Pot Sequential Organo‐ and Gold‐Catalysis for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Monge David , Jensen Kim L. , Franke Patrick T. , Lykke Lennart , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn asymmetric one‐pot two‐step synthesis of dihydropyrrole derivatives (III) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Biologically Interesting 3,4‐Diaryl‐Substituted Succinimides and Maleimides: Application of Iron‐Catalyzed Carbonylations.
Authors: Prateeptongkum Saisuree , Driller Katrin Marie , Jackstell Ralf , Spannenberg Anke , Beller Matthias 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSonogashira coupling of (het)aryl bromides with terminal arylacetylenes provides access towards aryl (het)aryl acetylenes (III) which smoothly undergo Fe(III)‐catalyzed double carbonylation in the presence of simple amines or ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Highly Stereoselective Domino‐Ring‐Opening Cyclization of Activated Aziridines with Enolates: Synthesis of Functionalized Chiral γ‐Lactams.
Authors: Ghorai Manas K. , Tiwari Deo Prakash 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStarting from alkyl‐substituted aziridines such as (VI) only moderate diastereoselectivity is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangements of the [2 + 2]‐Cycloadducts of DDQ and 2‐Ethynylpyrroles.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Sobenina Lyubov N. , Stepanova Zinaida V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Mikhaleva Albina I. , Tomilin Denis N. , Kazheva Olga N. , Alexandrov Grigorii G. , Chekhlov Anatolii N. , Dyachenko Oleg A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEthanolysis of cycloadducts (I) results in formation of bicycloheptadienones (III) and dihydrofuranones as minor products in case of (IVa‐d).
ChemInform Abstract: Ag/ThioClickFerrophos Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Alkenes.
Authors: Shimizu Kenta , Ogata Kenichi , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOptimized reaction conditions afford polysubstituted pyrrolidines with high endo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicatalytic One‐Pot Reaction of 1‐(2‐Alkynylphenyl)ketoximes for Generation of Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Qiu Guanyinsheng , Ding Qiuping , Ren Hui , Peng Yiyuan , Wu Jie 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction proceeds via one‐pot Beckmann rearrangement/intramolecular cyclization with two catalytic systems involved to afford the target indole derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Functionalized‐1H‐indoles from 2,3‐Dihalophenols.
Authors: Sanz Roberto , Guilarte Veronica , Garcia Nuria 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe route to haloindoles (V) and (VIII) from 3‐halo‐2‐iodophenol derivatives (I) involves the Smiles rearrangement and a NaOH‐mediated cyclization as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: The Acid‐Promoted Reactions of Phenyliodonium Ylides with Substituted Anilines and Their Applications to the Synthesis of Indoles.
Authors: Wang Xianpei , Han Bing , Wang Junyan , Yu Wei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAnilines (I) react with phenyliodonium ylides (II) in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid to provide the C—N coupling products (III), which are precursors for the construction of indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Asymmetric Organocatalytic Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Jin Shangbin , Li Chenguang , Ma Yuanhui , Kan Yuhe , Zhang Yong Jian , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn improved organocatalyst is developed and applied to the asymmetric Friedel—Crafts alkylation of indoles (I) with aldehydes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Selected Transformations of 3‐Oxido‐1H‐imidazole‐4‐carboxamides.
Authors: Mloston Grzegorz , Jasinski Marcin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA series of novel 3‐oxido‐1H‐imidazoles such as (V) and (XIII) is readily prepared by reaction of corresponding hydroxyiminoketones with triazines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active, Unnatural α‐Substituted Glutamic Acid Derivatives by a Chiral Calcium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition Reaction.
Authors: Tsubogo Tetsu , Kano Yuichiro , Ikemoto Koki , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe first catalytic enantioselective 1,4‐addition reaction of azlactones to acrylic esters is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Process for the Synthesis of 5‐Aryl‐2‐oxazolidinones via Cycloaddition Reaction of Aziridines and Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Dou Xiao‐Yong , He Liang‐Nian , Yang Zhen‐Zhen , Wang Jing‐Lun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction proceeds highly regioselectively under compressed CO2 in the absence of any catalyst and solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzothiazoles Through Intramolecular Coupling—Cyclization of N‐(2‐Chlorophenyl)benzothioamides.
Authors: Jaseer E. A. , Prasad D. J. C. , Dandapat Arpan , Sekar Govindasamy 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSubstrates bearing either a chloro or bromo substituent can be successfully used for the preparation of various biologically interesting benzothiazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine Salt‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles from Nitriles.
Authors: Zhou Yi , Yao Cheng , Ni Renjie , Yang Gaowen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between NaN3 and various organic nitriles proceeds smoothly in the presence of Py·HCl as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfamidates by Using Chiral Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Kang Soyeong , Han Juae , Lee Eun Sil , Choi Eun Bok , Lee Hyeon‐Kyu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction applies a HCOOH/NEt3 mixture as a hydrogen source and a chiral Rh‐complex as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 6‐Trifluoromethyl‐5,6‐dihydropyrans via Phosphine‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation of α‐Benzylallenoates with Ketones.
Authors: Wang Tong , Ye Song 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction is catalyzed by PPh3 and affords the desired dihydropyran derivatives with good yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Tetrahydrothiochromenoisoxazole‐1‐carboxamides as Selective Antagonists of Cloned Human 5‐HT2B.
Authors: Kwon Yoon Jin , Saubern Simon , Macdonald James M. , Huang Xi‐Ping , Setola Vincent , Roth Bryan L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA variety of the title chromenoisoxazole derivatives (VI) is synthesized via intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of a nitrone derived from thioether (III) as the key reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of Arylated Pyridin‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives via Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Processes.
Authors: Siddle Jamie S. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Caldwell Stuart T. , Cooke Graeme , Bryce Martin R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe method includes three steps: Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura reaction, hydrolysis under basic conditions and Cu‐catalyzed N‐arylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of trans‐1,3‐Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines via a Reductive Amination/Aza‐Michael Sequence.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Liebich Jens X. , Raabe Gerhard 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAzacarboline derivatives are also available.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Aromatization of Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines by 2‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid: Utility in a Total Synthesis of Eudistomin U.
Authors: Panarese Joseph D. , Waters Stephen P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction requires the use of Bu4NBr in addition to IBX to afford the synthetically and biologically important target products in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: The Design of Efficient and Selective Routes to Pyridyl Analogues of 3‐Oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐(benzothiazine or benzoxazine)‐6‐carbaldehydes.
Authors: Brooks Gerald , Dabbs Steven , Davies David T. , Hennessy Alan J. , Jones Graham E. , Markwell Roger E. , Miles Timothy J. , Owston Nathan A. , Pearson Neil D. , Peng Tony W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn connection with a programme concerning the antibacterial medicinal chemistry, different routes are presented for the synthesis of aldehydes (V), (VIII), (XI), and (XV) which allow the preparation of multi‐gram quantities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Indolizinophthalazine‐5,12‐dione Derivatives, DNA Topoisomerase IB Inhibitors.
Authors: Shen De‐Qing , Wu Zu‐Ping , Wu Xi‐Wei , An Zeng‐Yun , Bu Xiang‐Zhang , Gu Lian‐Quan , Huang Zhi‐Shu , An Lin‐Kun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA series of title compounds are prepared by the reaction of (IV) with active methylene compounds and pyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pyrrole and Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives of Potential Antioxidant Activity.
Authors: El‐Bayouki Khairy Abdelhameed Mohsen , Basyouni Wahid Mohmoud , Mostafa Eslam Attya 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile (I) is used as a convenient starting compound for the synthesis of a variety of new pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of a Domino Heck Reaction for the Rapid Synthesis of Bicyclic Natural Products.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , O'Boyle Brendan M. , Hund Daniel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTreatment of the iodide (I) with Pd(O‐Ac)2/PPh3 results in unexpected formation of the bridged amine (II) via domino Heck reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Boron‐Substituted Quaternary Carbons by NHC—Cu‐Catalyzed Boronate Conjugate Additions to Unsaturated Carboxylic Esters, Ketones, or Thioesters.
Authors: O'Brien Jeannette M. , Lee Kang‐sang , Hoveyda Amir H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA Cu‐catalyzed method for enantioselective boronate conjugate additions to trisubstituted alkenes of acyclic α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic esters, ketones, and thioesters is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)—Secondary Diamine Complex‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Boration of Linear β,β‐Disubstituted Enones.
Authors: Chen I‐Hon , Kanai Motomu , Shibasahi Masakatsu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBoth enantiomers of the products can be obtained using (E)‐ or (Z)‐isomers of the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acylphosphine Sulfides by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Acid Fluorides and Diphosphine Disulfides.
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Yamada Toru , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe optimized conditions render possible the preparation of various target compounds as synthetic analogues of carboxylic amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐ and β‐Amino Acids by Diastereoselective Addition of Triorganozincates to N‐(tert‐Butanesulfinyl)imines.
Authors: Almansa Raquel , Collados Juan F. , Guijarro David , Yus Miguel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA broad spectrum of optically active amine components is available in a first step with good to excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Benzotriazole Methodology for Construction of Pharmacologically Important Heterocyclic Skeletons
Authors: Kale Raju R. , Prasad Virendra , Mohapatra Prabhu P. , Tiwari Vinod K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReview: e.g. fused pyridmines, dioxanes, benzoazepines, etc.;136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Pt(II) and Ir(III) Triplet Emitters for OLED Applications and the Role of Spin‐Orbit Coupling: A Study Based on High‐Resolution Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Rausch Andreas F. , Homeier Herbert H. H. , Yersin Hartmut 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReview: 141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmental Solid‐State Cultivation Processes and Bioreactors
Authors: Mitchell David Alexander , Krieger Nadia , von Meien Oscar Felippe , Luz Luiz Fernando de Lima Jr. , Fontana Jose Domingos , Tavares Lorena Benathar Ballod , Palma Marcia Brandao , Sant'Anna Geraldo Lippel Jr. , Castilho Leda dos Reis , Freire Denise Maria Guimaraes , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReview: 103 refs.
Modelling and simulation of plasmid DNA adsorption on ion‐exchange membrane columns
Authors: Guerrero‐Germán Patricia , Montesinos‐Cisneros Rosa Ma. , Guzmán Roberto , Tejeda‐Mansir Armando 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA transport model that considers convection, diffusion, and finite kinetic rate on the membrane column as well as the influence of extra column dispersion and lag times, was used in this study to mathematically describe the frontal adsorption behaviour of plasmid DNA in an ion‐exchange membrane chromatography system. The corresponding partial differential equations system was solved using the numerical method of lines (MOL) on a MATLAB platform. Experimental data from literature describing the frontal adsorption of pCI DNA in an ion‐exchange membrane column was used as a model system for validation of MOL solution of the transport model. This approach results in a unique way to predict frontal performance and it is a valuable tool to assess the use of membrane adsorbers in large scale processes for plasmid purification.Un modèle de transport qui considère la convection, la diffusion et la cinétique finie sur la colonne de membrane ainsi que l'influence de la dispersion supplémentaire de colonne et les délais de réponse, a été utilisé dans cette étude pour décrire mathématiquement le comportememt d'adsorption frontale de l'ADN plasmidique dans un système de chromatographie à membrane échangeuse d'ions. Le système correspondant d'équations différentielles partielles a été résolu en utilisant la méthode numérique des lignes sur une plate‐forme MATLAB. Des données expérimentales de la littérature décrivant l'adsorption frontale de l'ADN pCI dans une colonne à membrane échangeuse d'ions ont été utilisées comme système modèle pour la validation d'une solution MOL pour le système de transport. Cette approche aboutit à un moyen unique de prévoir la performance frontale et c'est un outil de valeur pour évaluer l'utilisation des adsorbants à membrane dans des procédés à grande échelle pour la purification des plasmides. © 2010 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Simultaneous Analysis of Natural Free Estrogens and Their Sulfate Conjugates in Wastewater
Authors: Liu Ze‐hua , Kanjo Yoshinori , Mizutani Satoshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNatural estrogens from humans increasingly attract attention because of their strong endocrine disrupting potency. The discharge of sewage water is considered as the most important source of these endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment. Therefore, a GC‐MS method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of six natural free estrogens and their sulfate conjugates in municipal wastewater, in which natural free estrogens and sulfate conjugates were successfully separated from an Oasis HLB solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge with two different eluents, and the sulfate conjugates were then transformed to their corresponding free estrogens by acid solvolysis. Before the analysis with GC‐MS, samples were derivatized by N,O‐bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) plus 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) at 80°C for 40 min. Satisfactory recoveries ranging from 64 to 112.3% were obtained by spiking ultra‐purified water, raw, and treated municipal wastewater with the six estrogens at 50, 100, and 50 ng/L, respectively. The method was successfully applied to wastewater samples from one WWTP, which suggested that E1 was the dominant natural estrogens in effluent and E3‐3S was one of the conjugates possibly occurring in the effluent.
Dissolved Nutrient Distributions in Groundwater in the Mediterranean Coastal Plains – the Case of Silifke, Turkey
Authors: Seckin Galip , Yilmaz Turan , Sari Bulent , Ersu Cagatayhan B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTotal carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate parameters were studied for the first time in the groundwater in the Silifke coastal plain, which is a RAMSAR site in Turkey. Seasonal variations of these parameters in the plain were examined based on groundwater data collected from 21 wells during the winter, spring, summer, and fall seasons. Total dissolved organic carbon (DOC), inorganic carbon (DIC), inorganic phosphate (DIP), inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and total alkalinity (TAlk) average values in the groundwater were low in all seasons (<2.2 mg/L for DOC; <54 mg/L for DIC; <0.06 mg/L for DIP; <1.5 mg/L for DIN; <232 mg/L for TAlk). The results showed a strong relationship between DIC and ${\rm HCO}_{3}^{{-} } $ as expected. The results indicate that the content of these parameters in the groundwater of Silifke coastal plain pose no or little risk at present. However, computed Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) values indicated that the groundwater has a tendency to form scale and CaCO3 precipitation may occur.