bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aldehyde Cruciforms: Dosimeters for Primary and Secondary Amines
Authors: Patze Christian , Broedner Kerstin , Rominger Frank , Trapp Oliver , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate that aldehyde‐substituted donor–acceptor cruciforms [1,4‐bis(arylethynyl)‐2,5‐distyrylbenzenes] are useful dosimeters for primary amines, primary diamines, and secondary amines. The 1,n‐diamines are particularly reactive towards this dosimeter and can be detected in less than 100 ppm concentration. Using a single aldehyde‐functionalized cruciform in seven different solvents allowed us to discern fourteen different amines by digital photography and statistical evaluation of the response patterns extracted as red, green, blue (RGB) values.
Density Functional Theory Study on (Cl2GaN3)n(n=1–4) Clusters
Authors: Xia Qiying , Ma Dengxue , Zhao Wenwei , Xiao Heming 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe molecular geometries, vibrational properties, and thermodynamic properties of the clusters (Cl2GaN3)n(n=1–4) have been predicted at the B3LYP/6‐311+G* level. The optimized clusters (Cl2GaN3)n (n=2–4) all possess cyclic structures containing GaNαGa linkages. The relationships between geometrical parameters and oligomerization degree n are discussed. The gas‐phase structures of the trimers prefer to exist in boat‐twisting conformation. As for the tetramer, the S4 symmetry structure is the most stable. The infrared spectra are obtained and assigned by vibrational analysis. Thermodynamic properties derived from the infrared spectra on the basis of statistical thermodynamic principles are linearly correlated with the oligomerization degree n as well as the temperature. Meanwhile, thermodynamic analysis of the gas‐phase reaction suggests that the oligomerization is exothermic and favorable under high temperature.
Low‐temperature Synthesis of Peony‐like Spinel Li4Ti5O12 as a High‐performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Guanchao , Xia Jian , Jiao Jiqing , Chen Liuping , Shen Peikang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPeony‐like spinel Li4Ti5O12 was synthesized via calcination of precursor at the temperature of 400°C, and the precursor was prepared through a hydrothermal process in which the reaction of hydrous titanium oxide with lithium hydroxide was conducted at 180°C. The as‐prepared product was investigated by SEM, TEM and XRD, respectively. As anode material for lithium ion battery, the Li4Ti5O12 obtained was also characterized by galvanostatic tests and cyclic voltammetry measurements. It is found that the peony‐like Li4Ti5O12 exhibited high rate capability of 119.7 mAh·g−1 at 10 C and good capacity retention of 113.8 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles at 5 C, and these results indicate the peony‐like Li4Ti5O12 has promising applications for lithium ion batteries with high performance.
p‐Nitrophenyl Picolinate Cleavage by Unsymmetrical Bis‐Schiff Base Manganese(III) and Cobalt(II) Complexes with Aza‐Crown Ether or Morpholino Pendants
Authors: Li Jianzhang , He Xiyang , Wang Ying , Zhang Jin , Hu Wei , Qin Shengying 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe unsymmetrical bis‐Schiff base manganese(III) and cobalt(II) complexes with either benzo‐10‐aza‐crown ether pendants (MnL1Cl, MnL2Cl) or morpholino pendant (MnL3Cl, CoL3) have been employed as models for hydrolase by studying the kinetics of their hydrolysis reactions with p‐nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP). A kinetic model of PNPP cleavage catalyzed by these complexes is proposed. The effects of complex structures and reaction temperature on the rate of PNPP hydrolysis have been examined. All four complexes exhibit high catalytic activity and the rate increases with pH under 25°C. The complexes of ligands containing a crown ether group exhibit higher catalytic activities than the non‐crown analogues. The catalytic activity of the complexes follows the order Mn(III)>Co(II) under the same ligands.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Studies on a Cyclooligopeptide from Marine Bacteria
Authors: Rajiv Dahiya , Hemendra Gautam 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA natural proline‐rich tetrapeptide cyclo‐prolyl‐leucyl‐prolyl‐phenylalanyl was prepared employing solution‐phase method of peptide synthesis through coupling of dipeptide fragments Boc‐l‐Pro‐l‐Leu‐OH and l‐Pro‐l‐Phe‐OMe which utilizes diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIPC) as coupling agent and N‐methylmorpholine (NMM) as the base. Deprotection of linear tetrapeptide unit followed by its cyclization provided a cyclopeptide, identical in all aspects to the natural molecule. Pharmacological evaluation showed cytotoxic, antifungal and antihelmintic potential of synthesized peptide against Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell lines, pathogenic dermatophytes and earthworms.
Experimental Design in the Analysis of Interferential Effects for the Determination of Rubidium in Chloride‐type Brine by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Technique
Authors: Gao Dandan , Dong Yaping , Li Wu , Xu Bin , Li Yahong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractExperimental design (DOE) was employed to precisely determine the content of rubidium in chloride type brine of Qionglai (A city in Sichuan province, southwest of China) using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) technique. From the statistical analysis of six factors, it was found that K+ and Cl− were the significant interfering elements for the determination of rubidium. A model was established to eliminate the interference effects of K+ and Cl−. The experimental results indicate that, under the optimal conditions, the developed method for the rubidium determination possesses the advantages of low detection limit (0.019 µg·mL−1 at a significant level of 0.05) and higher recovery (97.2%–103.4%).
Distribution and Transition of Native and Completely Unfolded Conformations in the Unfolding of Bovine Heart Cytochrome c Induced by Urea and Guanidine Hydrochloride
Authors: Yang Jianting , Zhang Tan , Lu Cuizhu , Bian Liujiao 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe unfolding of bovine heart cytochrome c induced by urea and guanidine hydrochloride was first studied through intrinsic fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescence phase diagram and the results showed that both of them separately followed a two‐state model. As the simplest sample of the unfolding of protein molecules induced by denaturants, an equation was presented to show the effect of the denaturant concentrations in denaturation solution on the residual activity ratios of bovine heart cytochrome c in their two‐state unfolding. There are two characteristic unfolding parameters K and m in this equation. The former is the thermodynamic equilibrium constant of the unfolding of bovine heart cytochrome c induced by denaturants, the latter is the number of denaturant molecules associated with a bovine heart cytochrome c molecule during the unfolding procedure, and through them the distribution and transition of native and completely unfolded bovine heart cytochrome c conformations under different concentrations of urea or guanidine hydrochloride in denaturation solution can be accurately described.
Efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy with trastuzumab concurrent with anthracycline‐ and nonanthracycline‐based regimens for HER2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Bayraktar Soley , Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana M. , Lei Xiudong , Buzdar Aman U. , Valero Vicente , Melhem‐Bertrandt Amal , Kuerer Henry M. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Sahin Aysegul A. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathologic complete response (pCR) rates and relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) with trastuzumab in combination with an anthracycline‐ or nonanthracycline‐based regimen.METHODS:In this retrospective nonrandomized study, the authors reviewed records of 300 patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer treated with either sequential paclitaxel and trastuzumab and FEC75 in combination with trastuzumab (PH‐FECH) or docetaxel, carboplatin, and trastuzumab (TCH). The Kaplan‐Meier product‐limit method was used to estimate RFS and OS rates. Logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards models were fit to determine the associations between NST, pCR, and survival.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the decline in cardiac ejection fraction; however, patients who received PH‐FECH had fewer cardiac comorbidities at baseline (P = .002). pCR rates were 60.6% and 43.3% for patients who received PH‐FECH (n = 235) and TCH (n = 65), respectively (P = .016). Patients who received PH‐FECH were 1.45 times more likely to have a pCR (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06‐1.98; P = .02). Three‐year RFS rates were 93% and 71% (P < .001), and 3‐year OS rates were 96% and 86% (P = .008) for patients who received PH‐FECH and TCH, respectively. Patients who received PH‐FECH had a lower risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12‐0.60; P = .001) and death (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.12‐1.13; P = .08) than those treated with TCH.CONCLUSIONS:The type of NST in HER2‐positive breast cancer is predictive of pCR rate independent of disease and patient characteristics. Although TCH is active, PH‐FECH shows a higher pCR rate and RFS advantage. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Heterogeneity in dendritic morphology of moth antennal lobe projection neurons
Authors: Namiki Shigehiro , Kanzaki Ryohei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA population of projection neurons (PNs) in the antennal lobe (AL) integrates sensory information from the antenna and is essential for processing odor information in the insect brain. We examined the anatomy of this neuronal population in the brain of the silkmoth Bombyx mori. Using intracellular dye injection, we labeled a total of 246 PNs and systematically analyzed their morphological features, including the soma position, antennocerebral tract, and number of innervating glomeruli. For example, we analyzed PNs that had somata in the different cell clusters, innervated overlapping but different groups of glomeruli, and ran through different pathways. We also identified glomeruli innervated by PNs using a previously established procedure that first classifies glomeruli into regional groups and then identifies individual glomeruli. We analyzed uniglomerular PNs (75.6% of the total) and found heterogeneity in the dendritic morphology of the PNs that was dependent on the regions and/or the innervating glomeruli. For example, most PNs innervating the macroglomerular complex did not have extraglomerular processes, whereas most PNs innervating ordinary glomeruli did. Moreover, PNs innervating the toroid glomerulus showed heterogeneity in their dendritic morphology. These PNs had dendritic arborization in different areas within the glomerulus. We found that, in some cases, the innervation pattern of the PN dendrite correlated with individual variation in the glomerular organization. These results indicate that PNs are not homogeneous populations, and in some cases morphological heterogeneity in PNs correlated with change in glomerular organization in the silkmoth AL. J. Comp. Neurol. , 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic features of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A case report
Authors: Iwa Nobuzo , Ito Shuji , Takegaki Yoshinori , Ikura Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Yasukawa Satoru , Kobayashi Yasushi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare entity, whose histogenesis and biological behavior remain controversial. The cytological literature on sarcomatoid carcinoma in voided urine is very scarce. Clinically, the diagnosis of this tumor can be made by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cytology, and biopsy material. In this study, cytology, histopathology, and radiological imaging were employed in order to reach a diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma. CT imaging showed increased thickness of the bladder wall associated to a polypoid mass. MRI showed a 4‐cm sized, broadly necked polypoid mass with calcification and ulceration at the right side of the bladder wall. T2W1 imaging showed low signal. Voided urinary cytology showed a scattered cellular presentation. The tumor cells had a high nucleo‐ cytoplasmic ratio, with elongated cytoplasm with faint with indistinct cytoplasm border. The nucleus was oval to round, with large and irregular nucleoli and irregular nuclear membrane. These tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin (CKAE1/AE3), vimentin, p53, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), α1‐smooth muscle actin (SMA) by the immunoperoxidase staining. Histopathology showed spindle‐shaped and clumped large tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were frequently seen and varied from area to area (50% of the tumor cells were positive for MIB1). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal stability and developmental properties of salivary cortisol levels and circadian rhythms from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Allison Amber L. , Armstrong Jeffrey M. , Slattery Marcia J. , Kalin Ned H. , Essex Marilyn J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study aimed to (1) identify a stable, trait‐like component to cortisol and its circadian rhythm, and (2) investigate individual differences in developmental trajectories of HPA‐axis maturation. Multiple salivary cortisol samples were collected longitudinally across four assessments from age 9 (3rd grade) through age 15 (9th grade) in a community sample of children (N = 357). Sophisticated statistical models examined cortisol levels and its rhythm over time; effects of age, puberty and gender were primarily considered. In addition to situation‐specific and stable short‐term or epoch‐specific cortisol components, there is a stable, trait‐like component of cortisol levels and circadian rhythm across multiple years covering the transition from childhood into adolescence. Youth had higher cortisol and flatter circadian rhythms as they got older and more physically developed. Girls had higher cortisol, stronger circadian rhythms, and greater developmental influences across adolescence. Distinguishing a stable, trait‐like component of cortisol level and its circadian rhythm provides the empirical foundation for investigating putative mechanisms underlying individual differences in HPA functioning. The findings also provide important descriptive information about maturational processes influencing HPA‐axis development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 493–502, 2012.
Magnetic and Sorption Properties of Supramolecular Systems Based on Pentanuclear Copper(II) 12‐Metallacrown‐4 Complexes and Isomeric Phthalates: Structural Modeling of the Different Stages of Alcohol Sorption
Authors: Pavlishchuk Anna V. , Kolotilov Sergey V. , Zeller Matthias , Shvets Oleksiy V. , Fritsky Igor O. , Lofland Samuel E. , Addison Anthony W. , Hunter Allen D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMetathesis of the perchlorate anions in [Cu5(ahpha)4](ClO4)2·4H2O, where ahpha2– is the dianion of 3‐amino‐3‐hydroximinopropane hydroxamic acid, with m‐ and p‐phthalates resulted in formation of [Cu5(ahpha)4(m‐C8H4O4)(H2O)]·9H2O (1), [Cu5(ahpha)4(m‐C8H4O4)(H2O)]·2MeOH·DMF (1a) and [Cu5(ahpha)4(p‐C8H4O4)(H2O)2]2·14H2O (2). Molecules in the structures of 1, 1a and 2 are held together by noncovalent interactions, and the lattices contain voids filled with water molecules. Compounds 1 and 1a differ in the mode of m‐phthalate coordination, solvent type, and crystal lattice content. Desolvated 1 and 2 sorb gaseous MeOH and EtOH. Whereas the MeOH sorption capacity was very similar for 1 and 2 (about 0.14 cm3/g at PPS–1 = 0.9, where P is the current methanol pressure and PS the saturation vapor pressure of methanol at 293 K), the capacity of 2 to sorb EtOH was about 1.5 times as high as that of 1. To a certain extent, the structures of 1 and 1a can be considered as models of compounds that can form at different stages during alcohol sorption by desolvated 1. The χMT vs. T data for 1 and 2 could be fitted with a model based on the Hamiltonian H(CuII5) = –2J1(S1·S2 + S1·S3 + S1·S4 + S1·S5) – 2J2(S2·S5 + S2·S3 + S3·S4 + S4·S5), where S1 represents the spins of the central CuII ions and S2–S4 correspond to the spins of the peripheral CuII ions. The best fits corresponded to J1 = –129(3) cm–1, J2 = –66(1) cm–1 and zJ′ = –2.5(2) cm–1 at gCu = 2.12(1) for 1, and J1 = –163(3) cm–1, J2 = –78(1) cm–1 and zJ′ = –1.5(1) cm–1 at gCu = 2.05(1) for 2.
Multiple Reaction Pathways between the Carbanions of α‐Alkoxy‐α‐phenylacetonitrile and o‐Chloronitrobenzene
Authors: Mąkosza Mieczysław , Sulikowski Daniel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCarbanions of α‐methoxy‐ and α‐phenoxy‐α‐phenylacetonitriles undergo a variety of reactions with o‐chloronitrobenzene by initial formation of σH adducts and slower formation of σCl adducts. Reversible formation of σH adducts followed by their fast transformation results in the formation of four different products with high selectivity. Slower addition in a position occupied by a chlorine atom to form σCl adducts results in a conventional SNAr reaction. These five reaction pathways are efficiently controlled by the conditions and additional reagents.
Synthesis of New Dopamine D1 Antagonist SCH 23390 Analogues by the Stereoselective Stevens Rearrangement
Authors: Ariza Manuela , Díaz Amelia , Suau Rafael , Valpuesta María 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA convenient synthesis for new SCH 23390 analogues bearing different substituents at the C‐1 position has been developed by using the diastereoselective Stevens rearrangement. This procedure has provided a good number of new 1,2‐disubstituted 1H‐3‐benzazepines, either through isolation of the isoquinolinium salts or directly by using a new one‐pot N‐alkylation–Stevens rearrangement reaction.
A Molecule with Dual Functionality 4‐Aminophenylmethylphosphonic Acid: A Comparison Between Layers Formed on Indium Tin Oxide by In Situ Generation of an Aryl Diazonium Salt or by Self‐Assembly of the Phosphonic Acid
Authors: Chen Xin , Chockalingam Muthukumar , Liu Guozhen , Luais Erwann , Gui Alicia L. , Gooding J. Justin 
Published: September 2011

Abstract4‐Aminophenylmethylphosphonic acid was grafted on ITO surfaces by 1) electrochemical reductive adsorption of the corresponding aryl diazonium salt and 2) by self‐assembly via the phosphonic acid moiety. The aryl diazonium salt derived surfaces are reasonably stable within a wide potential range from −600 mV to 600 mV compared to a very narrow stable range between −40 mV and 40 mV for the self‐assembled layers. The different surface stabilities were assessed with a view to forming ITO‐organic layer‐gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) constructs. As expected the ITO‐organic layer‐AuNPs construct formed by electrochemical adsorption (ITO‐Ph‐AuNP) was significantly more stable than the construct formed by self‐assembly of phosphonates (ITO‐PO3Ph‐AuNPs).
Simulation study of a modular multilevel high‐voltage direct current based on voltage source converter system for an offshore wind farm
Authors: Guoqiang Wang , Zhixin Wang , Shuang Li 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYSome new technologies of modular multilevel converter (MMC) for high‐voltage direct current based on voltage source converter transmission applications were presented in this article. It focused on the triggering method of MMC and the strategy of capacitor voltage balancing. First, MMC topology and its characteristics were introduced. The method of comparing multiple triangular carriers with the reference wave for generating the trigger pulse was proposed. Then, the submodules in each arm were sorted according to their capacitor voltages, and the trigger pulses were assigned to them according to ranking result. This method ensured that the instantaneous values of capacitor voltages within the same arm were equal to each other. On the basis of the equivalent circuit of the converter, it was proved that the circulating current can make capacitor voltages unbalance between arms. Some component must be added to control the signals of the converter for reducing the capacitor voltages fluctuation and for improving the quality of output waveforms. Finally, the simulation study of the proposed trigger method and capacitor voltages balancing strategy for MMC‐based high‐voltage direct current based on voltage source converter system was implemented using “MATLAB/Simulink” software. The results show that the designed method is correct and effective. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultural clashes in a “merger of equals”: The case of high‐tech start‐ups
Authors: Drori Israel , Wrzesniewski Amy , Ellis Shmuel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMergers of equals are often considered simply symbolic. Whereas existing literature on the topic views equality as underscoring the importance of distributive justice, power, or identity, the role of culture remains relatively obscure. In this study, the authors explore equality as a dynamic construct associated with two major processes in mergers of equals: cultural clash and cultural construction. The authors employ a qualitative case study with interviews and analysis of company materials from BroadBand, a wireless Internet access provider, to address the role of culture and equality in mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The results shed light on how and why social actors entering into mergers may enact a culture of equality. First, firms may develop new aspirations and patterns of appreciation and initiate practices and strategies that construct equality as an integral part of the merger. Second, when distributive equality becomes a liability, it incites change. In the context of equality, this change results in strategic action that transforms the meaning of “a merger of equals” to a more practical, pragmatic, and integrative equality, which takes into account the interests and the needs of the merged firm. Third, contrary to the common skeptical and cynical portrayal of mergers of equals, this study found equality to be a crucial factor during postmerger integration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postacquisition cultural integration in mergers & acquisitions: A knowledge‐based approach
Authors: Lakshman C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe author proposes a knowledge‐based theoretical approach to cultural integration in mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The model proposed in this article examines the nature and features of the integration process using a knowledge lens to view the cultural and organizational integration mechanism leading to integration effectiveness. Drawing from advances in the acquisition, strategic HRM, knowledge management, and leadership literatures, the model identifies knowledge leadership, cultural knowledge integration, early involvement in integration process design, and variables related to causal ambiguity as key components of an effective set of practices for integration in these contexts. It does so under the rubric of a relational HR archetype for managing knowledge flows. The model explains the processes through which these constructs impact integration effectiveness. The contributions of this approach, limitations, and directions for future theoretical and empirical research are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.