bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mercury's “hot poles” mapped
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Using the first radio frequency images of Mercury, astronomers detected and mapped the two “hot poles” of the planet that have been previously predicted by theory but never observed. The team, Jack O. Burns of New Mexico State University, Las Cruces; Michael J. Ledlow of the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; and their colleagues used the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope near Socorro, N. Mex., to observe Mercury.Existing data on Mercury is from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Mariner 10 interplanetary space probe, which flew past the planet three times in 1975. The radio observations are the first to map the temperature structure across the entire disk of the planet, sampling regions of the planet as small as 57 km.
Luzon earthquake strongest in 90 years
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The magnitude 7.7 Philippine earthquake that took place 2 weeks ago was the strongest recorded on the island of Luzon in nearly 90 years and the strongest in all of the Philippines in nearly 14 years, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.The earthquake occurred 60 miles north of Manila and was the third strongest recorded on Luzon, exceeded only by an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.8, on December 14, 1901, near Lucena, about 80 miles southeast of Manila, and an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.9 on August 15, 1897, off the northwest coast of Luzon.
Advances in water resources technology
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The presentation of technological advances in the field of water resources will be the focus of Advances in Water Resources Technology, a conference to be held in Athens, Greece, March 20–23, 1991. Organized by the European Committee for Water Resources Management, in cooperation with the National Technical University of Athens, the conference will feature state‐of‐the art papers, contributed original research papers, and poster papers. Session subjects will include surface water, groundwater, water resources conservation, water quality and reuse, computer modeling and simulation, real‐time control of water resources systems, and institutions and methods for technology.The official language of the conference will be English. Special meetings and discussions will be held for investigating methods of effective technology transfer among European countries. For this purpose, a wide representation of research institutions, universities and companies involved in water resources technology will be attempted.
Saturn's 18th Moon located
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The discovery of a new moon orbiting Saturn brings to 18 the number of the planet's moons. Temporarily designated 1981 S13, the moon has a diameter of only 20 km and apparently creates the 320‐km‐wide “Encke's gap” in the planet's “A” ring, its outermost major ring.The small, bright object was found by Mark Showalter of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., while analyzing images taken by the Voyager 2 spacecraft during its 1981 flyby of Saturn. Showalter used a computer program he wrote to sort through 30,000 images.
CEDAR proposal deadline
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The deadline for submitting a proposal for the National Science Foundation's Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) initiative is November 1, 1990. This year, according to the CEDAR steering committee, the deadline is firm!The CEDAR program is a broad‐based community‐initiated program to link the various regions of the upper atmosphere (above about 70 km) in terms of coupling, energetics, and dynamics on regional and global scales.
Minutes of the Hydrology Section Executive Committee Meeting
Authors: Prestegaard Karen L. 
Published: October 2011

Meeting called to order on May 29, 1990, at 3:10 P.M.; attending were George Pinder, Don Nielson, Wilfred Brusaert, David Brookshire, Jim Smith, Eric Wood, Karen Prestegaard, and Marshall Moss.Jim Smith reported that AGU and AMS will cosponsor a joint meeting on Mesoscale Modeling to be held at Texas A&M University, College Station, February 5–9, 1991. The organizing committee consists of three AGU and three AMS members. For more information, contact Jim Smith, Water Resources Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
U.S./U.S.S.R. Hydrology Conference
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The first U.S./U.S.S.R. Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology was held in Leningrad, U.S.S.R., June 18–21, 1990. The conference was a significant event in the hydrological sciences because it opened communications between the Soviet and American scientific communities.The meeting brought together 188 American and 200 Soviet scientists, engineers, government officials and policymakers, who exchanged information and discussed major issues in hydrology and hydrogeology. Topics included emerging issues in hydrology and hydrogeology, the human impact on the global hydroenvironment, regional and global groundwater issues, flow and transport modeling, groundwater protection and monitoring, hazardous and radioactive waste disposal, rural and urban contamination, and techniques of investigation and remediation.
Outstanding student papers at the 1990 Spring Meeting
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Three students received awards for outstanding presentations at this year's Spring Meeting. Several AGU sections award such certificates to recognize excellence in content and presentation, and to encourage student participation in AGU's national meetings.John Stamatakos was selected by the Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Section for his poster presentation, “Strained Remanence in the Mauch Chunk Formation.” Stamatakos received his B.A. from Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, (1981), and his M.S. (1988) and Ph.D. (September, 1990) from Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He currently has a 1‐year postdoctoral position at the Swiss Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich with William Lowrie and Ann Hirt.
In Memoriam
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

AGU Fellow Brian O'Brien died last year at age 95. He had been a member of AGU (Space Physics and Aeronomy) since 1937.James F. Rychel died recently at age 37. He joined AGU (Geodesy) in 1984. Woody L. Cowan, 90, died on June 29. He had been a member of AGU (Hydrology) since 1940.
Using the ASCII version of the global paleomagnetic database
Authors: Florindo F. , Sagnotti L. , Scalera G. 
Published: October 2011

In August 1991, through the World Data Center A in Boulder, Colo., the first version of the Global Paleomagnetic Database (GPMDB) developed by Lock and McElhinny [1991] was released for general use. Two versions of the GPMDB were developed, the first for the ORACLE Database Management System and the second in ASCII form.A program that allows remote users to search the “ABASE” version of GPMDB via Internet, selecting data on the basis of geographical coordinates of sampling sites and magnetization ages, was recently presented in Eos [Harbert, 1993].
Old man and the sea
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

An 82‐year‐old man who was unconscious and adrift in the Pacific Ocean recently turned up in an unusual location: the satellite readouts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).After getting smacked by the swinging boom of his sailboat and falling overboard, the man swam back to his boat, climbed aboard, and fell unconscious in the cabin. But his electronic equipment was wide awake. After an extended period with no activity onboard the ship, the emergency position indicating radio beacon (EPIRB) activated itself and radioed a distress signal which was picked up by the COSPAS‐SARSAT system. The man was located and retrieved from the Pacific by the U.S. Air Force, 1650 km southwest of San Diego.
Maps on the Web
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has used the latest technology and findings to produce new maps of seismic hazards for the United States. The agency will also rely on the latest technology to improve the maps by making them available for review and comment via the World Wide Web at http://gldage.cr.usgs.gov.USGS has produced three sets of updated maps—national, California/Nevada, and Central/Eastern U.S.—depicting likely ground, motions and the probability that they will be exceeded in the next 50 years. Now the agency is seeking criticism and comment on the map sets, as well as additional data on fault slip rates and recurrence times.
Holes in the Sun
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

When Mariner 2 kept watch over the Sun from 1962 to 1974, holes developed occasionally in the Sun's corona for just a matter of months. But new data from Ulysses and confirmed by ground and satellite instruments suggests that the solar‐wind producing holes can persist for years.While making its solar polar pass, Ulysses detected a recurring 26‐day pattern in the flux of energetic particles, a pattern which lasted two years. The spacecraft also detected a corresponding variation in solar wind speed that lasted for a full year.
Hot stepper
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Earth's molten hot spots are hop‐scotching around the interior of the planet, researchers from the University of Rochester and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography believe they have confirmed. Defying the notion that the giant plumes of molten rock beneath the surface are static, the scientists have found that hot spots have moved substantially over the course of history.John Tarduno of Rochester and Jeff Gee of Scripps studied rocks gathered through the Ocean Drilling Project from l mile beneath the Pacific Ocean floor near Polynesia and the Mid‐Pacific Mountains. They analyzed the magnetization of the rocks and found that during the mid‐Cretaceous period, one hot spot moved at the speedy rate of 30 mm per year.
Proposed amendment to Bylaw 13a
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

According to AGU statutes any change to the bylaws must be considered by the Committee on Statutes and Bylaws and presented to the Council for approval. Proposals that are approved once by Council must be published for the full membership. After publication and an opportunity for members to comment, a proposed amendment must again be acted upon by Council. A second positive vote of Council is required for adoption.At the December 14, 1995, meeting Council considered and gave first approval to amending bylaw 13a. Members may submit comments on this proposed amendment to the Committee on Statutes and Bylaws care of AGU headquarters.
Finding their way
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The road to tomorrow lies before us, but planetary scientists must decide which way to go. With an eye on planetary exploration for the next two decades, NASA's Office of Space Science is convening a meeting and dedicating an Internet web site to mapping out its “Mission to the Solar System.”In an recent letter to space scientists, Charles Elachi, director of the Space and Earth Science Programs Directorate, announced that NASA is seeking “ideas and concepts for themes and missions” in our solar system that would be carried out between 2000 and 2012. Scientists, engineers, technologists, and educators are being asked to help define “visionary but affordable” missions—and the technologies needed to achieve them—including a survey of the solar system and planetary mobility, in situ studies, and sample return.
Blast from the past
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

Forget dynamite or hydraulic and mechanical drills. Industrial and federal researchers have started boring holes with rocket fuel.In a cooperative arrangement between Sandia National Laboratory, Global Environmental Solutions, and Universal Tech Corp., scientists and engineers extracted fuel from 200 rocket motors and used it as a mining explosive. In a demonstration completed last fall, researchers used 4950 kg of solid rocket propellant to move more than 22,500 metric tons of rock from the Lone Star Quarry in Prairie, Oklahoma. They found that the fuel improved blast energy and detonation velocity over traditional explosives, and it required fewer drill holes.
Storm
Authors: Kennedy Guinevere 
Published: October 2011

As geophysicists, we study the Earth and its environment to understand, quantify, explain, predict. We live intimately with the power of nature. Knowing that we cannot master nature physically, we nevertheless seek to master it intellectually. And we know that the destruction caused by the forces we study is neither directed nor purposeful.But, occasionally, we may benefit from another outlook. Asked to write about a storm as part of an atmospheric education class, 14‐year‐old Guinevere Kennedy saw it quite differently. Here is her perspective.
Back to basics
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

In an effort to educate the public about the long road from obscure experiment to life‐changing discovery, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has been enlisting prominent researchers, science writers, and scientific organizations such as the AGU. More than two years in development, the NAS basic science initiative “Beyond Discovery: The Path From Research to Human Benefits” is an attempt to translate peer‐review‐quality science papers into general‐interest science articles and booklets.As conceived by NAS vice‐president Jack Halpern and a host of representatives from the scientific community, the Beyond Discovery initiative will “develop case studies that identify and trace the origins of important technological and medical advances.” These case studies will be written by scientists in a style publishable in a journal such as the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. The articles are intended to be understandable to educators, college students, and the scientifically literate public. The case studies then will be further distilled by science writers into articles for a wider audience of policy makers and the general public.
Genesis of a bad idea
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

According to an article in Business Week (June 10), Macmillan/McGraw‐Hill Inc. has agreed to custom‐publish a version of its fourth‐grade textbook Changing Earth in order to omit a chapter entitled “Birth of Earth.” Parents in the Cobb County, Georgia, school district complained that since the chapter does not include creationism as a theory for the origin of the universe and of Earth, the entire discussion ought to be left out.According to McGraw‐Hill, customizing its textbooks is good business. Changing Earth and other such books are designed to allow teachers to build their own programs; the company is willing to customize texts because it does not want to dictate curricula, and it tries to meet demands of school districts. Business Week noted that the theory of evolution still is taught in the sixth and eighth grades, as well as high school, in Cobb County. Changing Earth also contains references to evolution in other chapters besides the one being deleted.
The next wave
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

Rather than anticipating geomagnetic storms just minutes to hours ahead of time, a team of researchers hopes to soon provide predictions of storms as much as three days in advance.Researchers from the University of California‐San Diego, Phillips Laboratory at Hanscom Air Force Base (Massachusetts), and the University of Birmingham (U.K.) are designing a new instrument, known as the solar mass ejection imager (SMEI) that might give communications and electric power managers more time to prepare for incoming space storms.
Dollar squeeze
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

According to Science & Engineering Indicators 1996, concerns about funding for research are well founded. Data gathered by the National Science Board indicate that total spending on research in the United States has been in steady decline during the 1990s.Industry has held the research and development line item steady at about $97 billion since 1987, but the value has dropped about 1.5$ per year in real dollars (adjusted for inflation). In that same period, the government contribution to R&D has dropped 20% from its peak in 1987. Overall R&D has dropped from 2.8% of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 1991 to 2.4% in 1995, and spending on nondefense research has dropped below 2% of the GDP. Japan now invests 2.7% in nondefense R&D; Germany, 2.4%.
Journey's end
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

Nineteen years and five broken gyroscopes after its launch, the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) was finally decommissioned on September 30. The shutdown of IUE marked the end of what NASA officials called one of “the longest and most productive missions in the history of space science.” IUE was a joint project of NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (United Kingdom).Designed to last just 3 years, IUE operated for about 24 hours a day from a geosynchronous orbit for nearly two decades. The observatory and spectrographic instruments enabled studies of phenomena that emit ultraviolet radiation, and the results were prodigious.
Virtual classroom
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

After four decades of perfecting techniques for communication with spacecraft on the way to other worlds, space scientists are now working on new ways to reach students in this one. In a partnership between NASA and the University of North Dakota (UND), scientists and engineers from both institutions will soon lead an experiment in Internet learning.Starting January 22, UND will offer a threemonth computerized course in telerobotics. Using RealAudio and CU‐SeeMe channels of the Internet to allow real‐time transmission of video and audio, instructors will teach college‐and graduate‐level students the fundamentals of the remote operation and control of a robot.
No indian summer
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

Temperatures in Earth's lower stratosphere (from 14 to 22 km in altitude) were lower in September 1996 than at any other time since such temperatures were first systematically measured in 1979. Using microwave sensors aboard the TIROS‐N series of polar‐orbiting weather satellites, researchers from the Global Hydrology and Climate Center (GHCC) in Huntsville, Alabama, found that air in the stratosphere was 0.7°C cooler than the baseline temperature of the past 17 years.The cool month fits into what the researchers see as a 15‐year cooling trend and is thought to be consistent with the depletion of ozone in the lower stratosphere.
Kids in space
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

The 81st mission in NASA's space shuttle program was the 2nd for KidSat, a program to bring space exploration down to Earth for middle and high school students. A joint program of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the University of California at San Diego (UCSD), and the Johns Hopkins University Institute for the Academic Advancement of Youth, the KidSat program allows students to direct the operation of a camera mounted on space shuttle Atlantis.After the launch of Atlantis on January 12, a KidSat operations center (modeled after Mission Control at Johnson Space Center) went on‐line at UCSD, staffed by undergraduate and high school students. Those students receive telemetry directly from the shuttle and are able to listen to communication between NASA's flight controllers and astronauts. The KidSat operations center processes and delivers up‐to‐the‐minute information about the shuttle to 15 middle schools in the United States.
Reply [to “The debate on protons and electrons in solar flares”]
Authors: Horwitz J. L. 
Published: October 2011

Although I explained the revision/review process for these “Great Debates” privately to Dr. Zurbuchen, this letter provides an opportunity to clarify such issues for other Eos readers.In each of these debates, the participating authors for the introductory “pro” and “con” articles submit their typescripts to the AGU/Eos office in Washington. The Eos editorial staff sends editorial comments and the initial typescripts to me for review. I then send the typescripts as a set to four or more discipline scientists. When all of the reviews are in, I send the typescripts and these (anonymous) reviews to all of the authors. They revise their typescripts as they see fit in response to both the reviewers' comments and in view of the other articles in the set. When these are returned, I ordinarily accept them and forward them to Eos for fine‐tuning and publication.
Right forecast, wrong day
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

Exactly three months after they tracked a solar storm from Sun to Earth, space physicists got a better view of a storm developing on the solar surface. And this time, they took their predictions of an incoming storm directly to the public, only to be thwarted by an uncooperative space environment.Scientists using the imaging equipment on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) detected a solar flare at 1400 UT on April 7, followed by a shock wave that propagated into a coronal mass ejection an hour later. “The flare triggered a supersonic wave that swept through the corona like a tsunami on the surface of the ocean,” said Arthur Poland, project scientist for SOHO.
Predicting El Niño
Authors: Friebele Elaine 
Published: October 2011

In 1982, scientists neither predicted nor recognized the beginning of the most intense El Niño of the century, which caused thousands of deaths and more than $13 billion in damage. But warned that 1986 and 1987 would be wet years, Peruvian farmers avoided costly crop losses by planting rice instead of cotton.With the establishment of the new International Research Institute last month, more potential climate‐related disasters will likely be averted. The new institute combines the scientists and resources of Columbia University's Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory and the University of California's Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will provide $18 million over 3 years in a cooperative agreement to establish the institute. Advances in ocean observation systems and new capabilities in computer models for predicting the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prompted the idea for the new institute. ENSO, a natural global climate cycle occurring irregularly over several years, causes a shift in ocean currents in the tropical Pacific and alters global wind and rainfall patterns.
A bridge between cultures
Authors: Friebele Elaine 
Published: October 2011

Journalists who report on scientific discoveries and the scientists who make them are, in many cases, separated by a Grand Canyon‐sized gap. A recent U.S. survey revealed that journalists believe that scientists' jargon prevents effective communication. Scientists polled in the same survey, conducted by Today Show host Jim Hartz and NASA scientist Rick Chappell, said that journalists need to do a better job of verifying facts and interpreting scientific results.Panelists representing the scientific and media communities will discuss ways to bridge that gap during the “Science and the Media” episode of Freedom Speaks, to be aired by Public Broadcasting Stations in May and June (check your local listings).
Bottom of the iceberg
Authors: Friebele Elaine 
Published: October 2011

Hundreds of thousands of years ago, the paths of icebergs adrift in the Arctic Ocean were more direct than they are today. Recent evidence suggests that ice in the Arctic now takes a more circuitous route, due to a change in ocean surface currents.In the July 4 issue of Science, Jens F. Bischof and Dennis A. Darby of the Applied Marine Research Laboratory of Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Va., report their analysis of Arctic ice core samples that represent a longterm sediment record of 560,000 to 780,000 years. They traced bits of debris now embedded in the cores that floated there on ice rafts to their likely sources.