bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fat4 intracellular domain controls turnover of Fat4/Dchs1 planar polarity membrane complexes
Authors: Easa Yathreb , Loza Olga , cohen Roie , Sprinzak David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Fat/Dachsous (Ft/Ds) pathway is a highly conserved pathway regulating planar cell polarity (PCP) across different animal species. Proteins from the Ft and Ds family are large transmembrane protocadherins that form heterophilic complexes on the boundaries between cells. Fat4 and Dchs1, the main mammalian homologues of this pathway, have been implicated in PCP in various epithelial tissues and were shown to form extremely stable complexes at the boundaries between cells. It is unclear however, what are the dynamics controlling such stable boundary complexes, and how the formation and turnover of these complexes is regulated. Here, we use quantitative live imaging to elucidate the role of the intracellular domains (ICD) of Fat4 and Dchs1 in regulating Fat4/Dchs1 complex dynamics. We show that removing the ICD of Fat4 results in a reduction of both Trans-endocytosis (TEC) of Dchs1 into the Fat4 cells and boundary accumulation, but does not affect the diffusion of the complexes at the boundary. We further show that the ICD of Fat4 controls the turnover rate of Fat4/Dchs1 complexes. Finally, we find that while actin polymerization is required for maintaining the boundary accumulation of Fat4/Dchs1 complexes, we do not identify correlations between Fat4/Dchs1 complexes and local actin accumulation. Overall, we suggest that the Fat4 ICD is important for the turnover and plasticity of the highly stable Fat4/Dchs1 complexes associated with PCP.Statement of SignificanceThe purpose of this study is to elucidate the dynamics leading to the formation and maintenance of Fat4/Dchs1 complexes at the cell boundary and how it is affected by the ICD of Fat4 in mammals. The insights from this work are important for obtaining a mechanistic molecular framework for understanding formation of planar cell polarity as well as for highlighting how cell boundary membrane complexes are regulated.
Pioneer factor ETV2 safeguards endothelial cell specification by recruiting the repressor REST to restrict alternative lineage commitment
Authors: Chen Danyang , Fan Xiaonuo , Wang Kai , Gong Liyan , Melero-Martin Juan M. , Pu William T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMechanisms of cell fate specification remain a central question for developmental biology and regenerative medicine. The pioneer factor ETV2 is a master regulator for the endothelial cell (EC) lineage specification. Here, we studied mechanisms of ETV2-driven fate specification using a highly efficient system in which ETV2 directs human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesodermal progenitors to form ECs over two days. By applying CUT&RUN, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) analyses, we characterized the transcriptomic profiles, chromatin landscapes, dynamic cis-regulatory elements (CREs), and molecular features of EC cell differentiation mediated by ETV2. This defined the scope of ETV2 pioneering activity and identified its direct downstream target genes. Induced ETV2 expression both directed specification of endothelial progenitors and suppressed acquisition of alternative fates. Functional screening and candidate validation revealed cofactors essential for efficient EC specification, including the transcriptional activator GABPA. Surprisingly, the transcriptional repressor REST was also necessary for efficient EC specification. ETV2 recruited REST to occupy and repress non-EC lineage genes. Collectively, our study provides an unparalleled molecular analysis of EC specification at single-cell resolution and identifies the important role of pioneer factors to recruit repressors that suppress commitment to alternative lineages.
Gene knockout studies of Dps protein reveals a novel role for DNA-binding protein in maintaining outer membrane permeability
Authors: Pant Indu , Potnis Akhilesh A. , Shashidhar Ravindranath 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTDNA-binding proteins like Dps are crucial for bacterial stress physiology. This study investigated the unexpected role of Dps protein in maintaining outer membrane integrity ofSalmonellaTyphimurium. We observed that aΔdpsmutant displayed increased sensitivity to glycopeptide antibiotics (vancomycin, nisin), which are ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria due to their thick outer membrane (OM). Furthermore, theΔdpsmutant exhibited susceptibility to membrane-disrupting agents like detergents (deoxycholate, SDS) and phages. The perforation was observed in OM after the treatment of vancomycin using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Notably, this sensitivity was rescued by supplementing the media with calcium and magnesium cations. These findings suggest a novel function for Dps in maintaining outer membrane permeability. We propose two potential mechanisms: 1) Dps might directly localize to the outer membrane, or 2) Dps might regulate genes responsible for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis or outer membrane proteins, key components of outer membrane. This study highlights a previously unknown role for Dps beyond DNA binding and warrants further investigation into the precise mechanism by which it influences outer membrane integrity inSalmonella.IMPORTANCELarge, hydrophilic glycopeptides like vancomycin are ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria due to their inability to penetrate thick outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria. This study investigates the role of the DNA-binding protein, Dps, in maintaining outer membrane integrity. We demonstrate that Dps loss renders bacteria susceptible to vancomycin. These findings suggest Dps as a potential target for developing novel therapeutic strategies, potentially involving combinations with glycopeptide antibiotics, to combat resistant against Gram-negative pathogens.
Dynamic Modeling of Antibody Repertoire Reshaping in Response to Viral Infections
Authors: Xu Zhaobin , Xu Junxiao , Zhang Hongmei , Song Jian , Wei Dongqing , Zeng Qiangcheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor many years, researchers have emphasized the production of high-affinity specific antibodies by hosts during viral infections. However, this has made it challenging for immunologists to systematically evaluate the initiation mechanisms of humoral immunity in specific immune responses. Employing mathematical modeling, we have systematically investigated the dynamic changes of the entire antibody atlas in response to exogenous antigenic stimuli, including viral infections. Our study reveals that the host’s antibody atlas is reshaped during viral infection, not through the proliferation of individual antibody types, but rather through the proliferation of antibody pools with strong binding activity. Moreover, we observe a contraction in pools of antibodies with low binding activity. We have identified the crucial role of self-antigens in maintaining antibody persistence, which can effectively explain the organism’s lifelong protection against pathogens that are less prone to mutation. Using this model, we further explore the mechanisms underlying original antigenic sin and elucidate the specific practical applications of this model. This research transcends the limitations of mere mathematical parameter fitting, as we endeavor to elucidate the complex humoral immune processes using physical mechanisms as a foundation. Our work contributes to a renewed understanding of the antibody elicitation process in specific immune responses.
Race and gender disparity of dietary lycopene intake and periodontitis severity in older adults
Authors: Kwong Katherine , Lu You , Li ZhuoHuan , Luo Ting , Huang Zhaoyu , Zhao Na , Tseng Tung-Sung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposePeriodontitis in older adults is a public health issue. There is a growing population of older adults in the United States; furthermore, the proportion of the population of older adults who identify as a racial minority are growing at a faster rate than non-minority identifying older adults. Sufficient lycopene intake is one potential solution for individuals who express reluctance and/or an inability to access preventative oral care particularly by older adults who self-identify as a racial minority, leading to lower levels of periodontitis if they consume a sufficient amount of lycopene. The objective of this paper is to explore the association between insufficient lycopene intake and risk of periodontitis among older adults.MethodsData analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2009-2014. Overall, 1227 adults aged 65-to 79-years-old were investigated. The total lycopene intake from daily diet, age, race/ethnicity, living condition, smoking status, body mass index, diabetes, gender, and education level were studied as independent variables. The combination of probing depth and number of interproximal sites was used as criteria for evaluating the risk of periodontitis. Weighted multinominal logistic regression was used.ResultsOverall, 48.7% of older adults in this study were classified with different levels of periodontitis and 49.1% of individuals with a form of periodontitis had insufficient dietary lycopene intake.Sufficient lycopene intake was found to be associated with a lower likelihood of severe periodontitis (OR: .33; 95% CI: 0.17-.65; p=0.002). Non-Hispanic Black older adults were more likely to develop severe forms of periodontal disease in comparison to Non-Hispanic White older adults (OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.46-5.45, p=0.003). Gender was also found to play a role in periodontitis status, with women being less likely to have severe periodontitis status, compared to men (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.14-0.55; p= 0.0007,). However, only Non-Hispanic White females were less likely to have severe periodontitis compared to Non-Hispanic White males (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.12-0.56; p= 0.001).ConclusionDietary intake of lycopene associated with periodontitis disease for individuals over the age of 65; those who consume a sufficient amount of lycopene are less likely to develop severe periodontitis. In general, more men suffered from periodontitis in comparison to women. Such association also has been found between Non-Hispanic Blacks with severe periodontitis. In addition, reduced risk of severe periodontitis is associated with sufficient lycopene intake is explored in Non-Hispanic Whites, future targeted interventions using lycopene in dietary intake as a preventative measure to delay or prevent the onset of periodontal disease needs to be race and gender specific.
Soybean PHR1-regulated low phosphorus-responsiveGmRALF22increases uptake of phosphate via stimulatingGmPTs expression
Authors: Li Fangjian , Mai Cuishan , Liu Yan , Deng Yaru , Wu Lixia , Zheng Xinni , He Huijing , Huang Yilin , Luo Zhenxi , Wang Jinxiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is one of essential macronutrients for plant growth and development. Rapid Alkalization Factors (RALFs) play crucial roles in plant responses to nutrient stresses, however, the functions ofGlycine maxRALFs (GmRALFs) under low P (LP) stress remain elusive. In this study, we first identified 27GmRALFs in soybean, then we revealed thatGmRALF10, GmRALF11, andGmRALF22are induced in both roots and leaves, while onlyGmRALF5,GmRALF6, andGmRALF25are up-regulated in leaves in LP conditions. Furthermore,GmRALF22was found to be the target gene of transcription factorGmPHR1,which binds the P1BScis-element in the promoter ofGmRALF22via electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and DUAL-LUC experiment. Colonization ofBacillus subtilisthat deliver GmRALF22 increases the expression of high affinity phosphate (Pi) transporter geneGmPT2, GmPT11, GmPT13andGmPT14, thus increases the total amount of dry matter and soluble Pi in soybean. RNA-sequencing uncovered that GmRALF22 alleviates LP stress by regulating the expression of JA-, SA- and immune-related genes. Finally, we verified that GmRALF22 is dependent on FERONIA to promote Arabidopsis primary root growth under LP conditions. In summary,GmPHR1-GmRALF22module positively regulates soybean’s tolerance to LP.HighlightsSoybean genome has 27GmRALFs.GmRALF5,GmRALF6, GmRALF10,GmRALF11,GmRALF22andGmRALF25are induced in low phosphorus (LP).GmPHR1 directly regulate the transcription ofGmRALF22 viabinding the promoter P1BScis-element.Secretion of GmRALF22 protein byBacillus subtilispromoted soybean growth under LP conditions by improving soybean P nutrition through increased expression of high affinity phosphate (Pi) transporter gene.GmRALF22 regulates soybean P nutrition by JA-, SA- and immune-related genes expression at transcriptome level. That application of GmRALF22 promoted primary root growth in Arabidopsis in LP is dependent on FER receptor.
Extended interaction length laser-driven acceleration in a tunable dielectric structure
Authors: Crisp Sophie , Ody Alexander , England Joel , Musumeci Pietro 
Published: May 2024

The development of long, tunable structures is critical to increasing energy gain in laser-driven dielectric accelerators (DLAs). Here we combine pulse-front-tilt illumination with slab-geometry structures assembled by precisely aligning off-the-shelf 4 mm long transmission gratings to achieve up to 200 keV energy modulation for 6 MeV injected electrons. The effective interaction length is longer than 1 mm, limited by the dephasing of the accelerated particles in the structure. The piezo-based independent mounting system for the gratings allows tuning of the gap and field distribution inside the structure.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Evaluating the effectiveness of blended learning in learning business courses in low-income economies
Authors: Nyathi Musa 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis paper evaluated the effectiveness of blended learning of business courses in higher learning institutions (HEIs) in developing economies.Design/methodology/approachA survey, involving 215 learners, was used to collect data. A stratified sampling technique was used in this study. The data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS.FindingsIn the blended learning approach, student attitudes, social presence, IT infrastructure and flexible learning are all favorable predictors of learner satisfaction. The impact of blended learning on learner satisfaction is further mediated by IT infrastructure, social presence and learner attitude.Practical implicationsHEIs need to invest in planning and resource mobilization in order to realize several benefits derived from the use of blended learning. For optimal learning outcomes, this should be combined with training on IT infrastructure usage for both facilitators and learners. In order to assist learners in developing competencies through consistent use, institutions should also invest in tailored blended learning technologies. In addition, emphasis should be placed on training all actors in order to better manage change.Originality/valueThis paper presents and ranks several dimensions for blended learning success in low-budget universities. In addition, the study contributes to the understanding of intervening variables necessary for enhancing the potential of pedagogy in maximizing learner satisfaction.
The effect of social servicescape on price fairness and customer trust: a study in coffee shops
Authors: Artuğer Savaş , Sayın Kursad , Kilinç Şahi̇n Songül 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe aim of this research is to determine the price fairness of the social servicescape and the effect of price fairness on customer trust. In this context, first of all, the effect of the social servicescape on price fairness and then the effect of price fairness on customer trust were tested.Design/methodology/approachThe universe of the research consists of people who visit Starbucks coffee stores. In the study, data were collected from 338 people who visited Starbucks coffee stores. The relationships between the variables were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Technique.FindingsAs a result of the research, it was concluded that employees, other customers and social crowds, which are from the dimensions of the social servicescape, do not have a significant effect on price fairness, the interaction between employee and customer, which is from the sub-dimensions of the social servicescape, has an effect on customers' perception of price fairness, and price fairness also has an effect on customer trust.Originality/valueThe important point in this research is to determine the effect of the social servicescape on price fairness, which has not been studied in the literature before. Although the effect of physical servicescape on price justice has been investigated, the effect of social servicescape on price justice has not been investigated. When evaluated from this point of view, it is thought that the research will have an important contribution to the literature.
Transforming milk supply chains with blockchain: enhancing visibility and cost reduction
Authors: Vasanthraj Vasanthraj , Potdar Vidyasagar , Agrawal Himanshu , Kaur Arshinder 
Published: May 2024

PurposeMilk is a perishable food product, one of the primary sources of nutrition. Reports worldwide indicate numerous food frauds and foodborne diseases associated with adulterated milk products. These safety concerns highlight the importance of a visible milk supply chain, which can be achieved by cutting-edge technologies. However, these technologies come with high costs. So, this study aims to propose a framework that integrates blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud to enhance visibility with reduced cost in an Australian milk supply chain (AMSC).Design/methodology/approachA design science research methodology is used, where a proof of concept is also developed at the retailer end to show how blockchain, IoT and cloud can improve visibility with reduced cost in an AMSC.FindingsAccording to cost and visibility analysis, blockchain implementation in AMSC would generate a high return on investment (ROI). For the given case, ROI becomes positive for all stakeholders after 750 cycles. Integrating IoT, cloud and blockchain is more profitable than just using blockchain. Additionally, technology implementation may not benefit all stakeholders equally. For example, the retailer needs 10 cycles to benefit, but the transporter needs 50 in the given case.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study assist milk industries in decision-making regarding technology implementation in their supply chain and motivate them to implement these technologies, resulting in improved trust and coordination among entities and consumers.Originality/valueA cost and visibility analysis are performed to evaluate the impact of technology implementation on cost and visibility in an AMSC. A SOAR (Strength Opportunities Aspiration Results) analysis is also performed for the strategic planning framework.
On strategic communication during mergers & acquisitions: a pragmatic perspective to improve outcomes
Authors: Rosendale Joseph , Wilkie LeAnn , Lowry William 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Mergers are an increasingly popular method to grow a business despite the fact that many fail to meet their pre-deal expectations. This paper outlines the benefits, and argues in favor, of managerial commitment to a well-defined, strategic communications plan from inception through completion of an organizational merger. The authors propose training leaders in areas such as cultural communication, crisis communication, and shared governance prior to developing an M&A-specific communication plan.

Design/methodology/approach
This article is primarily an integrative theoretical piece, drawing on prior literature and secondary research sources while also integrating the authors’ academic and industry experience to offer best-practices for enhancing organizational communication efforts pre- and during mergers and acquisitions.

Findings
There are many financial and structural issues that can result in a failed merger. However, even when a deal makes sense financially M&A’s still have a relatively low success rate. These failures are often people related. Two significant issues are presented; culture conflicts related to communication, and uncertainty of a changing environment. Communication is the key to a successful M&A. If effective communication is deployed pre-M&A and during integration, it can greatly reduce the chance of failure.

Originality/value
This report offers a novel approach to decreasing the likelihood of M&A failure, focusing specifically on people-specific causes of hindrance. It outlines two of the significant human-related issues; culture conflicts and uncertainty reduction, both as related to organizational communication.
Public procurement of smart city services: an exploration of data protection related ex ante transaction costs
Authors: Vandercruysse Laurens , Dooms Michaël , Buts Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This paper examines data protection related ex ante transaction costs borne by the private sector in the context of smart city service (SCS) public tendering in the European Union after the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation. This study aims to establish the determinants of ex ante transaction costs related to data protection as well as to determine their relevance toward (tender) competition.

Design/methodology/approach
A statistical analysis of a survey sample of 72 SCS tender bids.

Findings
The potential of relationship management to foster more private sector investment in data protection for SCSs is established, i.e. stronger ties between parties lead to higher private sector investment. Furthermore, it is found that investing more in data protection can further boost both internal capabilities and the organizational reputation of tendering organizations. Finally, the analysis exposes a potential problem concerning the market for data protection originating from the dominant approach concerning SCS tender bid evaluation.

Research limitations/implications
SCS tender bid evaluation is not perceived by the evaluated companies as having data protection as a (core) component. As a consequence, there is no strong competition in that specific area. To induce the private sector to structurally develop SCSs that can be expected to safeguard the fundamental rights of citizens, a more thorough evaluation of data protection aspects of bids imposes itself. Such an overhaul is likely to demand additional public sector resources and expertise.

Originality/value
This paper constitutes an early investigation into data protection related ex ante transaction costs borne by private sector actors. Incentives for data protection investment in the context of public procurement procedures are discussed.