bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hilar cholangioplasty using omentum for ductal defect in biliobiliary fistula
Authors: Ebata Tomoki , Takagi Kenji , Nagino Masato 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground/purposeA non‐circumferential defect of the biliary system is occasionally faced at surgery for biliobiliary fistula. The condition represents an uncommon but important complication of gallstone disease. Although direct closure and patch repair using the gallbladder cuff are recommended as first‐line treatments, these procedures are sometimes technically difficult in the presence of severe inflammation. The authors, herein, present a novel procedure denoted as hilar cholangioplasty, which utilizes the pedicled omentum.MethodsAn 80‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital because of cholangitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography demonstrated a large gallstone astride the common hepatic duct with upstream biliary dilation, indicating biliobiliary fistula. Upon laparotomy, a 2 × 3 cm ductal defect was found just under the hepatic bifurcation, after removal of the gallstones and the gallbladder. The surrounding tissue, as well as the bile duct, was extensively inflamed with dense fibrosis, such that first‐line repair methods could not be performed. As an alternative method, the pedicled omentum was used for cholangioplasty.ResultsPostoperative cholangioscopy showed a yellow polypoid mass without constriction. Histologically, ordinary biliary epithelium overlaid the surface of the grafted omentum. The patient has remained well at 3‐year follow‐up.ConclusionThe present method is simple and could be a promising option when standard repair methods cannot be applied.
Submandibular gland ectopia associated with atrophy of floor of mouth muscles
Authors: Hansmann A , Lingam R K 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:We describe a rare case of an ectopic submandibular gland associated with atrophy of the ipsilateral floor of the mouth muscles.Method:Case report and review of the world literature regarding ectopic submandibular glands.Results:The reported patient had an ectopic submandibular gland associated with atrophy of the ipsilateral anterior digastric and mylohyoid muscles. This implies maldevelopment of these muscles in the floor of the mouth and arrest of the normal migration of the submandibular gland. The condition was diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging and conventional submandibular gland sialography.Conclusion:Submandibular gland ectopia in the floor of the mouth is a rare phenomenon. The described case represents the first report of an ectopic submandibular gland associated with atrophy of the ipsilateral floor of the mouth muscles. Radiologists and clinicians should familiarise themselves with this entity and its imaging findings, in order to prevent unnecessary biopsy of this benign condition.
Speech perception in individuals with auditory dys-synchrony
Authors: Kumar U A , Jayaram M 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lengthening the transition duration of selected speech segments upon the perception of those segments in individuals with auditory dys-synchrony.Methods:Thirty individuals with auditory dys-synchrony participated in the study, along with 30 age-matched normal hearing listeners. Eight consonant–vowel syllables were used as auditory stimuli. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment one measured the ‘just noticeable difference’ time: the smallest prolongation of the speech sound transition duration which was noticeable by the subject. In experiment two, speech sounds were modified by lengthening the transition duration by multiples of the just noticeable difference time, and subjects' speech identification scores for the modified speech sounds were assessed.Results:Subjects with auditory dys-synchrony demonstrated poor processing of temporal auditory information. Lengthening of speech sound transition duration improved these subjects' perception of both the placement and voicing features of the speech syllables used.Conclusion:These results suggest that innovative speech processing strategies which enhance temporal cues may benefit individuals with auditory dys-synchrony.
Fixation of nasal bone grafts with interosseous wire: our technique
Authors: Sathe N , Gaikwad N , Wadkar G , Thakare S 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:The use of interosseous wire to fix bone grafts is well known. Herein, we describe a technique for fixation of an iliac crest bone graft for nasal augmentation, using a stainless steel wire.Method:A hole in the cancellous part of the graft guides the wire exactly into a groove in the cortical part, preventing slippage and ensuring rigid fixation. The wire is then threaded through a hollow spinal needle passed underneath the skin envelope; this avoids a dorsal incision and thus minimises scarring, reduces the risk of graft exposure and improves the aesthetic result.Results:This technique has two distinct advantages: prevention of wire slippage and avoidance of a dorsal nasal incision.Conclusion:The described method uses an interosseous wire for rigid bone graft fixation, without a dorsal incision. This prevents wire slippage; it also achieves a good cosmetic result by improving the nasal contour via a cantilever effect which raises the nasal tip.
Population genetics in the homothallic lichen-forming ascomyceteXanthoria parietina
Authors: ITTEN Beatriz , HONEGGER Rosmarie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe genetic diversity within and among populations ofXanthoria parietinawas studied at the subspecific level with a fingerprinting technique (RAPD-PCR) applied to sterile cultured multispore isolates, each being derived from a single apothecium. Populations from coastal, rural and urban sites from NW, SW and central France and from NE Switzerland were investigated. Between 1 and 8 microsites of a few decimetres square, each comprising 13 to 27 thalli ofX. parietina, were analysed per population. A total of 132 isolates from epiphytic and 3 isolates from epilithic specimens were investigated. Phenotypic variation was recorded among some of the thalli in the field and among sterile cultured isolates in the laboratory. A high diversity of genotypes was observed, even among thalli growing side by side in phenotypically homogenous populations. An average of 73·5 % polymorphism was found in all samples. As shown with Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO), most of the genetic variation (90%) resided within, not among, populations. AsX. parietinahad previously been shown with molecular and fingerprinting techniques to be homothallic, the potential genetic background of this diversity is discussed. Intense genotype rather than gene (allele) flow seems to be an important element inX. parietinapopulations.
Buellia rhizocarpica, a new corticolous species from Mexico
Authors: ETAYO Javier , GIRALT Mireia , ELIX John A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBuellia rhizocarpica is described from Mexico. This corticolous species is characterized by a yellowish, granulose thallus, the presence of rhizocarpic acid and an unknown pulvinic acid derivative, apothecia containing large amounts of micromera-green together with yellow crystals which react K+ pinkish and by the presence of very small, Buellia-type ascospores. It grows in a well-preserved Pinus hartwegii forest at c. 4000 m altitude at the base of the volcano Popocatepetl.
Caloplaca phlogina, a lichen with two facies; an example of infraspecific variability resulting in the description of a redundant species
Authors: VONDRÁK Jan , ŠOUN Jaroslav , SØGAARD Majbrit Zeuthen , SØCHTING Ulrik , ARUP Ulf 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCaloplaca phlogina is shown here to have two kinds of soralia, yellow soralia with anthraquinones versus whitish or white-green soralia lacking pigments. Both kinds are present, growing side by side, in some localities in Scandinavia, but yellow soralia appear to be more common. In contrast, the populations from halophilous shrubs on the Black Sea coast have predominantly white soralia, and they were described as a separate species, C. scythica. A single collection from Chile also has white soralia. Molecular data and phenotype examinations convinced us that Scandinavian and Black Sea populations are conspecific. We consider the North European, phenotypically variable population as a source for the Black Sea population which is ecologically and phenotypically more uniform.
Parmeliella borbonica, a new lichen species from Réunion
Authors: JØRGENSEN Per M. , SCHUMM Felix 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe new species Parmeliella borbonica is described. It belongs in a small group of species, which, unlike all other Parmeliella species except those of the Parmeliella mariana group, have thalline squamulose margins of the apothecia, and are thus superficially reminiscent of Pannaria. The group is mainly Indo-pacific. A key to the species is given. Parmeliella borbonica appears to be an addition to the many remarkable endemic members of the Pannariaceae found in Réunion which has retained old Gondwana elements, as its lowland forests have not been destroyed as much as those in the neighbouring region. The very rare Coccocarpia imbricascens Nyl. was found as new to the island, and the rare endemic Pannaria multifida P. M. Jørg close to its type locality.
Semi-classical limit for Schrödinger equations with magnetic field and Hartree-type nonlinearities
Authors: Cingolani Silvia , Secchi Simone , Squassina Marco 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe semi-classical regime of standing wave solutions of a Schrödinger equation in the presence of non-constant electric and magnetic potentials is studied in the case of non-local nonlinearities of Hartree type. It is shown that there exists a family of solutions having multiple concentration regions which are located around the minimum points of the electric potential.
Monotone convergence theorems for semi-bounded operators and forms with applications
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Hassi Seppo , de Snoo Henk , Wietsma Rudi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLet Hn be a monotone sequence of non-negative self-adjoint operators or relations in a Hilbert space. Then there exists a self-adjoint relation H∞ such that Hn converges to H∞ in the strong resolvent sense. This result and related limit results are explored in detail and new simple proofs are presented. The corresponding statements for monotone sequences of semi-bounded closed forms are established as immediate consequences. Applications and examples, illustrating the general results, include sequences of multiplication operators, Sturm–Liouville operators with increasing potentials, forms associated with Kreĭn–Feller differential operators, singular perturbations of non-negative self-adjoint operators and the characterization of the Friedrichs and Kreĭn–von Neumann extensions of a non-negative operator or relation.
A Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook approximation to scalar conservation laws with discontinuous flux
Authors: Berthelin F. , Vovelle J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe study the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) approximation to first-order scalar conservation laws with a flux which is discontinuous in the space variable. We show that the Cauchy problem for the BGK approximation is well posed and that, as the relaxation parameter tends to 0, it converges to the (entropy) solution of the limit problem.
The snowball effect: Friendship moderates escalations in depressed affect among avoidant and excluded children
Authors: Bukowski William M. , Laursen Brett , Hoza Betsy 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA three-wave longitudinal study conducted with preadolescent boys and girls (N= 231 at Time 1 [T1]) was used to assess the hypotheses that aspects of social withdrawal would be predictors of a “snowball” cascade of depressed affect, and that friendship experiences would moderate these effects. Consistent with these hypotheses, multilevel modeling showed that measures of avoidance and exclusion at T1 were associated with concurrent levels of depressed affect and were antecedent to escalating trajectories of depressed affect over time. These accelerating growth curves fit a snowball cascade model. The analyses also showed the protective effects of friendship. Specifically, the snowball effect was limited to avoidant and excluded children who were friendless. Depressed affect did not increase among avoidant and excluded children who were friended.
Developmental cascade effects of the New Beginnings Program on adolescent adaptation outcomes
Authors: McClain Darya Bonds , Wolchik Sharlene A. , Winslow Emily , Tein Jenn-Yun , Sandler Irwin N. , Millsap Roger E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUsing data from a 6-year longitudinal follow-up sample of 240 youth who participated in a randomized experimental trial of a preventive intervention for divorced families with children ages 9–12, the current study tested alternative cascading pathways by which the intervention decreased symptoms of internalizing disorders, symptoms of externalizing disorders, substance use, and risky sexual behavior and increased self-esteem and academic performance in mid- to late adolescence (15–19 years old). It was hypothesized that the impact of the program on adolescent adaptation outcomes would be explained by progressive associations between program-induced changes in parenting and youth adaptation outcomes. The results supported a cascading model of program effects in which the program was related to increased mother–child relationship quality that was related to subsequent decreases in child internalizing problems, which then was related to subsequent increases in self-esteem and decreases in symptoms of internalizing disorders in adolescence. The results were also consistent with a model in which the program increased maternal effective discipline that was related to decreased child externalizing problems, which was related to subsequent decreases in symptoms of externalizing disorders, less substance use, and better academic performance in adolescence. There were no significant differences in the model based on level of baseline risk or adolescent gender. These results provide support for a cascading pathways model of child and adolescent development.
Developmental processes in peer problems of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD: Developmental cascades and vicious cycles
Authors: Murray-Close Dianna , Hoza Betsy , Hinshaw Stephen P. , Arnold L. Eugene , Swanson James , Jensen Peter S. , Hechtman Lily , Wells Karen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe examined the developmental processes involved in peer problems among children (Mage = 10.41 years) previously diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at study entry (N= 536) and a comparison group (N= 284). Participants were followed over a 6-year period ranging from middle childhood to adolescence. At four assessment periods, measures of aggression, social skills, positive illusory biases (in the social and behavioral domains), and peer rejection were assessed. Results indicated that children from the ADHD group exhibited difficulties in each of these areas at the first assessment. Moreover, there were vicious cycles among problems over time. For example, peer rejection was related to impaired social skills, which in turn predicted later peer rejection. Problems also tended to spill over into other areas, which in turn compromised functioning in additional areas across development, leading to cascading effects over time. The findings held even when controlling for age and were similar for males and females, the ADHD and comparison groups, and among ADHD treatment groups. The results suggest that the peer problems among children with and without ADHD may reflect similar processes; however, children with ADHD exhibit greater difficulties negotiating important developmental tasks. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Influence of parental depressive symptoms on adopted toddler behaviors: An emerging developmental cascade of genetic and environmental effects
Authors: Pemberton Caroline K. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Leve Leslie D. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Shaw Daniel S. , Reiss David , Ge Xiaojia 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study examined the developmental cascade of both genetic and environmental influences on toddlers' behavior problems through the longitudinal and multigenerational assessment of psychosocial risk. We used data from the Early Growth and Development Study, a prospective adoption study, to test the intergenerational transmission of risk through the assessment of adoptive mother, adoptive father, and biological parent depressive symptoms on toddler behavior problems. Given that depression is often chronic, we control for across-time continuity and find that in addition to associations between adoptive mother depressive symptoms and toddler externalizing problems, adoptive father depressive symptoms when the child is 9 months of age were associated with toddler problems and associated with maternal depressive symptoms. Findings also indicated that a genetic effect may indirectly influence toddler problems through prenatal pregnancy risk. These findings help to describe how multiple generations are linked through genetic (biological parent), timing (developmental age of the child), and contextual (marital partner) pathways.
Developmental cascades: Linking adolescent substance use, affiliation with substance use promoting peers, and academic achievement to adult substance use disorders
Authors: Haller Moira , Handley Elizabeth , Chassin Laurie , Bountress Kaitlin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUsing a high-risk community sample (N = 405), the current study examined developmental cascades among substance use, affiliation with substance use promoting peers, and academic achievement over an 18-year period and tested whether these pathways mediated the influence of parental alcoholism on adult alcohol and drug use disorders. Results showed that the influence of parental alcoholism on adult drug disorders was mediated by developmental cascades across all three domains, whereas the influence of parental alcoholism on adult alcohol disorders was mediated through affiliation with substance use promoting peers and persistence in binge drinking. Adolescent drug use had more implications for adult outcomes than did adolescent alcohol use, which was less likely to spill over into other domains of functioning. Findings indicated that adolescent risk factors had indirect rather than unique effects on adult substance use disorders, suggesting that adolescent risk is not immutable and is largely mediated by later influences.
The relationship between children’s home food environment and dietary patterns in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Vereecken Carine , Haerens Leen , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Maes Lea 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the correlates of the home food environment (parents’ intake, availability and food-related parenting practices) at the age of 10 years with dietary patterns during childhood and in adolescence.SettingPrimary-school children of fifty-nine Flemish elementary schools completed a questionnaire at school in 2002. Four years later they completed a questionnaire by e-mail or mail at home. Their parents completed a questionnaire on food-related parenting practices at baseline.DesignLongitudinal study.SubjectsThe analyses included 609 matched questionnaires.StatisticsMulti-level regression analyses were used to identify baseline parenting practices (pressure, reward, negotiation, catering on demand, permissiveness, verbal praise, avoiding negative modelling, availability of healthy/unhealthy food items and mothers’ fruit and vegetable (F&V) and excess scores) associated with children’s dietary patterns (F&V and excess scores).ResultsMother’s F&V score was a significant positive independent predictor for children’s F&V score at baseline and follow-up, whereas availability of unhealthy foods was significantly negatively associated with both scores. Negotiation was positively associated with children’s follow-up score of F&V, while permissiveness was positively associated with children’s follow-up excess score. Availability of unhealthy foods and mother’s excess score were positively related to children’s excess score at baseline and follow-up.ConclusionsParental intake and restricting the availability of unhealthy foods not only appeared to have a consistent impact on children’s and adolescents’ diets, but also negotiating and less permissive food-related parenting practices may improve adolescents’ diets.
Direct and indirect association between environmental factors and fruit intake, mediation by psychosocial factors: the Pro Children study
Authors: Wind Marianne , te Velde Saskia J , Brug Johannes , Sandvik Camilla , Klepp Knut-Inge 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo explore direct associations between home and school availability of fruit and fruit intake, and the mediating role of attitude towards fruit, liking, perceived barriers and self-efficacy.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary schools in nine European countries.SubjectsWithin the Pro Children study, data were collected on perceived home and school availability of fruit, psychosocial factors related to fruit intake and its frequency among 13 305 11-year-old schoolchildren.ResultsSignificant overall associations were found between child-reported home availability of fruit and fruit intake in all countries and in the total sample. School availability of fruit was associated with fruit intake in the pooled sample and in country-specific analyses in Sweden and the Netherlands. Liking (13·2–49·4 %) and self-efficacy (14·0–25·1 %) were the strongest mediators in the home availability–fruit intake relationship, but there was also a direct association between home availability and fruit intake, except in Spain and the Netherlands. Mediating pathways of the school availability–fruit intake relationship could only be assessed for Norway, Sweden and the total sample. Attitude was a significant mediator in Norway (80·4 %) and in Sweden (25·3 %), while in the total sample also liking (38·7 %) and self-efficacy (23·0 %) were identified as significant mediators.ConclusionsThe association between home availability of fruit and fruit intake is at least partly mediated by personal factors such as liking and self-efficacy indicates that fruit intake is not a complete automatic or unconscious behaviour.
TEM Characterization of As-Deposited and Annealed Ni/Al Multilayer Thin Film
Authors: Simões S. , Viana F. , Ramos A.S. , Vieira M.T. , Vieira M.F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReactive multilayer thin films that undergo highly exothermic reactions are attractive choices for applications in ignition, propulsion, and joining systems. Ni/Al reactive multilayer thin films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering with a period of 14 nm. The microstructure of the as-deposited and heat-treated Ni/Al multilayers was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in plan view and in cross section. The cross-section samples for TEM and STEM were prepared by focused ion beam lift-out technique. TEM analysis indicates that the as-deposited samples were composed of Ni and Al. High-resolution TEM images reveal the presence of NiAl in small localized regions. Microstructural characterization shows that heat treating at 450 and 700°C transforms the Ni/Al multilayered structure into equiaxed NiAl fine grains.