bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered growth patterns of a mountain Ok population of Papua New Guinea over 25 years of change
Authors: Adhikari Amita , Sen Ananda , Brumbaugh Robert C. , Schwartz Jessica 
Published: December 2010

AbstractContextThe Mountain Ok (Mt Ok) people of Telefomin, who live at the interior of Papua New Guinea (PNG), were documented over 25 years ago to be one of the shortest populations on record, with average adult height below the fifth percentile (US). Serum Growth Hormone was detectable, Insulin‐like Growth Factor‐1 and serum indicators of protein nutritional status fell within the normal range, suggesting that these were not primary factors for their relative short stature.ObjectiveSince the Telefolmin people have experienced recent socioeconomic changes, they were re‐evaluated in 2008, to examine height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), for insight into relative contributions of environment and other factors that modulate stature in children and adults.Study Design and SettingCross‐sectional anthropometric data were collected from 474 individuals at Telefomin in 2008, and compared with anthropometric data from 342 individuals measured in 1983.ResultsThe height of Telefolmin subjects, below the fifth percentile in 1983, remained below the fifth percentile in 2008. Weight and BMI of peripubertal and adult age groups increased from 1983 to 2008. Male and female heights at peripubertal ages were significantly greater in 2008. Nevertheless, final adult height did not change significantly over the 25 years.ConclusionsRecent socioeconomic changes appear to contribute to increased weight, BMI, and stature at younger ages in the Mt Ok at Telefomin. In contrast, unchanging adult stature may reflect a delay in the impact of socioeconomic changes, or genetic influences that modulate responsiveness to other growth regulators. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of specific metabolic rates of major organs and tissues: Comparison between men and women
Authors: Wang ZiMian , Ying Zhiliang , Bosy‐Westphal Anja , Zhang Junyi , Heller Martin , Later Wiebke , Heymsfield Steven B. , Müller Manfred J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe specific resting metabolic rates (Ki, in kcal/kg per day) of major organs and tissues in the Reference Man were suggested in 1992 by Elia: 200 for liver, 240 for brain, 440 for heart and kidneys, 13 for skeletal muscle, 4.5 for adipose tissue and 12 for the residual mass. However, it is unknown whether gender influences the Ki values. The aim of the present study was to compare the Ki values observed in nonelderly nonobese men to the corresponding values in women.MethodsElia's Ki values were evaluated based on a mechanistic model: REE = Σ(Ki × Ti), where REE is whole‐body resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry and Ti is the mass of major organs and tissues measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Marginal 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the model‐estimated Ki values were calculated by stepwise univariate regression analysis. Subjects were nonelderly (age 20–49 years) nonobese (BMI 18.5–29.9 kg/m2) men (n = 49) and women (n = 57).ResultsThe measured REE (REEm) and the mass of major organs and skeletal muscle were all greater in the men than in women. The predicted REE by Elia's Ki values were correlated with REEm in men (r = 0.87) and women (r = 0.86, both P < 0.001). Elia's Ki values were within the range of 95% CIs for both men and women groups, revealing that gender adjustment is not necessary.ConclusionsElia's proposed adult Ki values are valid in both nonelderly nonobese men and women. Further studies are needed to explore the potential influences of age and obesity on Ki values in humans. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational asthma in the aluminum smelters of Australia and New Zealand: 1991–2006
Authors: Donoghue A. Michael , Frisch Neale , Ison Michael , Walpole Gerry , Capil Ron , Curl Clive , Di Corleto Ross , Hanna Bill , Robson Raewyn , Viljoen Deon 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the incidence of occupational asthma in the seven aluminum smelters of Australia and New Zealand from 1991 to 2006.MethodsIncidence and exposure data were collected by survey from the smelters prospectively during the study period.ResultsThe incidence of occupational asthma across all smelters combined was highest in 1992 at 9.46/1,000/year, declining to 0.36/1,000/year in 2006; a 96.2% reduction. The incidence of occupational asthma was correlated with geometric mean total fluoride concentration, measured as personal samples from employees undertaking anode changing (rs = 0.497, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe control of exposures, respiratory protection and pre‐placement medical assessments undertaken during the study period seem to have contributed to the substantial decline in occupational asthma incidence. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:224–231, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An epidermis‐specific chitin synthase CDNA in Choristoneura fumiferana: cloning, characterization, developmental and hormonal‐regulated expression
Authors: Ampasala Dinakar R. , Zheng Sichun , Zhang Dayu , Ladd, Tim , Doucet Daniel , Krell Peter J. , Retnakaran Arthur , Feng Qili 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChitin synthase catalyzes chitin synthesis in the exoskeleton, tracheal system and gut during insect development. A chitin synthase 1 (CfCHS1) cDNA was identified and cloned from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. The CfCHS1 cDNA is 5,300 bp in length and codes a 1,564‐amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 178 kDa. The deduced protein contains 16 transmembrane helixes in its domains A and C. The single copy CfCHS1 gene expressed during each of the larval molts from the 3rd to the 6th instar. The gene expressed highly and periodically in the epidermis during each of molts, whereas no transcripts were detected in the midgut and fat body. 20‐hydroxyecdysone and the ecdysone agonist RH5992 suppressed CfCHS1 expression, whereas the juvenile hormone analog methoprene induced CfCHS1 expression. These results implicate that CfCHS1 is involved in the chitin synthase and new chitin formation during molting in the insect. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
5‐Nitroimidazole‐based 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles: Heterocyclic Analogs of Metronidazole as Anti‐Helicobacter pylori Agents
Authors: Moshafi Mohammad Hassan , Sorkhi Maedeh , Emami Saeed , Nakhjiri Maryam , Yahya‐Meymandi Azadeh , Negahbani Amir Soheil , Siavoshi Farideh , Omrani Maryam , Alipour Eskandar , Vosooghi Mohsen , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA series of 5‐nitroimidazole‐based 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles were prepared and tested for antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori. The anti‐H. pylori activity of target compounds along with the commercially available antimicrobial metronidazole was evaluated by comparing the inhibition‐zone diameters determined by the paper disc diffusion bioassay. From our bioassay results against 20 clinical isolates it is evident that piperazinyl, 4‐methylpiperazinyl, 3‐methylpiperazinyl, and 3,5‐dimethylpiperazinyl analogs (6a, 6b, 6e, and 6f, respectively) and pyrrolidine derivative 7 had strong activity at 0.5 µg/disc (average of inhibition zone >20 mm) while metronidazole had no activity at this dose. Compound 6f containing the 3,5‐dimethylpiperazinyl moiety at the 2‐position of the 5‐(1‐methyl‐5‐nitro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole skeleton was the most potent compound tested at low concentrations.
Synthesis and in‐vitro Anti‐hepatitis B Virus Activity of Ethyl 6‐Bromo‐8‐hydroxyimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine‐3‐carboxylates
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu Yajing , Zhang Shulan , Guo Dexiang , Liu Chunhong , Li Sai , Gong Ping 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA series of ethyl 6‐bromo‐8‐hydroxyimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine‐3‐carboxylate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity and cytotoxicity in HepG2.2.15 cells. Nearly half of the tested compounds were proved to be highly effective in inhibiting the replication of HBV DNA with IC50 values ranging from 1.3 to 9.1 µM. Among them, 10o and 10s were identified as the most promising compounds.
Gold(III) Complexes of Asymmetrically Aryl‐Substituted 1,2‐Dithiolene Ligands Featuring Potential‐Controlled Spectroscopic Properties: An Insight into the Electronic Properties of bis(Pyren‐1‐yl‐ethylene‐1,2‐dithiolato)Gold(III)
Authors: Aragoni M. Carla , Arca Massimiliano , Devillanova Francesco A. , Isaia Francesco , Lippolis Vito , Pintus Anna 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical, UV/Vis–NIR absorption, and emission‐spectroscopic features of (TBA+)(1−) and the corresponding neutral complex 1 were investigated (TBA+=tetrabutylammonium; 1−=[AuIII(Pyr,H‐edt)2]−; Pyr,H‐edt2−=pyren‐1‐yl‐ethylene‐1,2‐dithiolato). The intense electrochromic NIR absorption (λmax=1432 nm; ε=13000 M−1 cm−1 in CH2Cl2) and the potential‐controlled visible emission in the range 400–500 nm, the energy of which depends on the charge of the complex, were interpreted on the grounds of time‐dependent DFT calculations carried out on the cis and trans isomers of 1, 1−, and 12−. In addition, to evaluate the nonlinear optical properties of 1x− (x=0, 1), first static hyperpolarizability values βtot were calculated (βtot=78×10−30 and 212×10−30 esu for the cis isomer of 1− and 1, respectively) and compared to those of differently substituted [Au(Ar,H‐edt)2]x− gold dithiolenes [Ar=naphth‐2‐yl (2), phenyl (3); x=0, 1].
Low CD38 expression in lymphoblastoid cells and haplotypes are both associated with autism in a family‐based study
Authors: Lerer Elad , Levi Shlomit , Israel Salomon , Yaari Maya , Nemanov Lubov , Mankuta David , Nurit Yirmiya , Ebstein Richard P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground: Impairments in social processes characterize one of the core deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and accumulating evidence suggests that oxytocin neurotransmission is implicated in mediating social adaptation in ASD. Using a mouse model, CD38, a transmembrane protein expressed in immune cells but also in brain, was found to be critical for social behavior via regulation of oxytocin secretion. This prompted us to both examine CD38 expression in human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LBC) as well as to test association between SNPs across the CD38 gene and ASD. Methods: LBC's were derived from 44 ASD lines and 40 “unaffected” parents. Family‐based association (UNPHASED) was examined by genotyping 11 tagging SNPs spanning the CD38 gene identified using HapMap data in 170 trios. An additional SNP (rs3796863) associated in a study by Munesue et al. with ASD was also genotyped. Results: A highly significant reduction in CD38 expression was observed in immortalized lymphocytes derived from ASD subjects compared to their “unaffected” parents (F = 17.2, P = 0.00024, df = 1). Haplotype analysis showed significant association (permutation corrected) between three and seven locus haplotypes and DSM IV ASD in low functioning (IQ<70) subjects. Conclusions: The current report supports a role for CD38 in conferring risk for ASD. Notably, our study shows that this gene is not only associated with low functioning ASD but that CD38 expression is markedly reduced in LBC derived from ASD subjects compared to “unaffected” parents, strengthening the connection between oxytocin and ASD.
High intake of folic acid disrupts embryonic development in mice
Authors: Pickell Laura , Brown Katharine , Li Deqiang , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Deng Liyuan , Wu Qing , Selhub Jacob , Luo Li , Jerome‐Majewska Loydie , Rozen Rima 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDFolic acid fortification and supplementation has increased folate intake and blood folate concentrations and successfully reduced the incidence of neural tube defects. However, the developmental consequences of high folate intake are unknown. This study investigated the impact of high folate intake, alone or with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency, on embryonic and placental development in mice.METHODSMthfr +/+ or +/− pregnant mice on a control diet (CD; recommended intake of folic acid for rodents) or folic acid‐supplemented diet (FASD; 20‐fold higher than the recommended intake) were examined for embryonic loss, delay, and defects at 10.5 and 14.5 days post coitum (dpc); 10.5‐dpc placenta, and 14.5‐dpc embryo hearts were studied histologically.RESULTSTotal plasma folate was 10‐fold higher in FASD compared to CD mice; plasma homocysteine levels were not affected by diet. At 10.5 dpc, the FASD was associated with embryonic delay and growth retardation, and may confer susceptibility to embryonic defects. The FASD did not adversely affect 10.5‐dpc placental development. At 14.5 dpc, embryos from the FASD Mthfr +/+ group were delayed and the FASD was associated with thinner ventricular walls in embryonic hearts. There was a significant interaction between maternal MTHFR deficiency and a high folate diet for several developmental outcomes.CONCLUSIONSOur study suggests that high folate intake may have adverse effects on fetal mouse development and that maternal MTHFR deficiency may improve or rescue some of the adverse outcomes. These findings underscore the need for additional studies on the potential negative impact of high folate intake during pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stem Leydig cells: From fetal to aged animals
Authors: Chen Haolin , Stanley Erin , Jin Shiying , Zirkin Barry R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLeydig cells are the testosterone‐producing cells of the testis. The adult Leydig cell (ALC) population ultimately develops from undifferentiated mesenchymal‐like stem cells present in the interstitial compartment of the neonatal testis. Distinct stages of ALC development have been identified and characterized. These include stem Leydig cells (SLCs), progenitor Leydig cells, immature Leydig cells, and ALCs. This review describes our current understanding of the SLCs in the fetal, prenatal, peripubertal, adult, and aged rat testis, as well as recent studies of the differentiation of steroidogenic cells from the stem cells of other organs. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 90:272–283, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Varela‐Nallar Lorena , Aranguiz Florencia C. , Abbott Ana C. , Slater Paula G. , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAdult neurogenesis occurs in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. This process is highly regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which may control the proliferation and/or maturation of neural progenitor cells. Adult‐born neurons are integrated in preexisting networks and may have functional implications for adult brain. Here we attempt to summarize relevant findings concerning the physiological role of adult neurogenesis mainly focused on the subgranular zone, and to discuss the reduced neurogenesis observed during aging and the factors that have been involved in this phenomenon. Finally, we focus on hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease, reviewing animal models of the disease used for the study of this process and the conclusions that have been drawn in this context. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 90:284–296, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties of SnO2 Nanocrystals with Decreased Size for ppb‐level Acetaldehyde Decomposition
Authors: Chu Deren , Mo Jinhan , Peng Qing , Zhang Yinping , Wei Yongge , Zhuang Zhongbin , Li Yadong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUltrafine SnO2 nanocrystals are synthesized through a surfactant‐assisted solvothermal route in water–ethanol mixed media. SnO2 photocatalysts with sizes of about 4, 8, and 12 nm are prepared through controllable annealing of the as‐synthesized nanocrystals. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface areas of calcined SnO2 samples increase dramatically as their sizes decrease. Photocatalytic performances of the as‐obtained catalysts for decomposing ppb‐level (parts per billion) acetaldehyde are tested in a continuous glass‐plate reactor. Result shows that SnO2 photocatalysts of about 4 nm with a large BET surface area of 130 m2 g−1 exhibit the best photocatalytic oxidation properties, which is comparable to that of Degussa P25 TiO2. Analysis by using the unimolecular Langmuir–Hinshelwood reaction model indicates that the abilities of adsorption have well synergized with the photocatalytic reaction activities in the as‐obtained SnO2 samples. This synergism finally enhances the photocatalytic performance of the as‐prepared SnO2 photocatalysts.
The Normal and Tangential Coefficient of Restitution of Different Types of Granules
Authors: Müller Peter , Antonyuk Sergiy , Tomas Jürgen , Heinrich Stefan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie normale und tangentiale Stoßzahl von dominant elastischen γ‐Al2O3‐, elastisch‐plastischen Zeolith 4A‐ und dominant plastischen Natriumbenzoatgranulaten wurden mit einer elektromagnetischen Schussapparatur und einer Fallapparatur experimentell ermittelt. Der Einfluss der Feuchtebeladung auf das Stoßverhalten wurde ebenfalls bestimmt. Die normale Stoßzahl zeigte sich im untersuchten Geschwindigkeitsbereich als annähernd unabhängig von der Aufprallgeschwindigkeit während mit zunehmender Feuchtebeladung der Granulate die Stoßzahl abnahm.
Die Veränderung fachbezogener Vorstellungen angehender Chemielehrkräfte über Unterricht während der Ausbildung – eine Cross‐Level Studie
Authors: Markic Silvija , Eilks Ingo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn einer Cross‐Level Studie wurden Vorstellungen angehender Lehrkräfte der Chemie über das Lehren und Lernen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten ihrer Ausbildung erhoben. Genutzt wurden Zeichnungen von Studierenden und Referendaren einer für sie typischen Unterrichtssituation. Ausgewertet wurden diese mit einem Kodierschema, das über Grounded Theory entwickelt und inzwischen in verschiedenen Studien verwendet worden ist. Auswertungskategorien waren: Vorstellungen über die Organisation im Klassenraum, Vorstellungen über die Lernziele und epistemologische Vorstellungen. Verglichen wurden drei Stichproben von zukünftigen Lehrkräften am Anfang ihres Studiums, in der Mitte des Studiums nach einem Praxissemester und während des Referendariats. Der Vergleich legt die Möglichkeit eines grundlegenden Wandels der Vorstellungen über Unterricht während der Ausbildung nahe. Von sehr traditionellen und lehrerzentrierten Sichtweisen können sich die Vorstellungen hin zu stärker theoriekonformen Vorstellungen wandeln, angelehnt an Schülerorientierung und konstruktivistisches Lernen.
Effects of Watershed Land Use and Lake Morphometry on the Trophic State of Chinese Lakes: Implications for Eutrophication Control
Authors: Liu Wenzhi , Zhang Quanfa , Liu Guihua 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWater quality in lakes is influenced by a large number of watershed and lake characteristics. In this study, we examined the relative effects of watershed land use and lake morphology on the trophic state of 19 lakes in the Yunnan plateau and lower Yangtze floodplain, the two most eutrophic regions in China. Trophic state parameters consisted of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll‐a, Secchi depth, and trophic state index, while lake morphometric variables included area, maximum depth, mean depth, water residence time (WRT), volume, and length to width ratio. Percentages of forest, grassland, cropland, unused land, built‐up land, and water body in each lake's watershed were extracted from a land use map interpreted from Landsat TM images. At‐test indicated that lower Yangtze floodplain lakes were shallower and had higher percentages of cropland and built‐up land in watersheds than Yunnan plateau lakes. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that both watershed land use and lake morphometric variables were significantly related to most of the trophic state parameters. However, stepwise regression analyses demonstrated that the trophic state of the lower Yangtze floodplain lakes was mainly controlled by the percentages of cropland and built‐up land in watersheds, while that of Yunnan plateau lakes was mostly determined by the lake depth and WRT. These results suggest that the relative effects of watershed land use and lake morphology on lake trophic state are dependent on the lake's location. This study can provide some useful information in watershed land use management for controlling eutrophication in Chinese lakes.
Role of Hydrogen in the CVD of Wide Bandgap Nitride Semiconductors
Authors: Pearton Stephen J. , Polyakov Alexander Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHydrogen is an important component of the gas‐phase growth chemistry for GaN, which is typically based on NH3 and (CH3)3Ga, and also the processing environment for subsequent device fabrication (e.g., SiH4 for dielectric deposition, NH3 or H2 annealing ambients), and is found to readily permeate heteroepitaxial material at temperatures ≤200 °C. Its main effect has been the passivation of Mg acceptors in p‐GaN through the formation of neutral Mg‐H complexes, which can be dissociated through minority‐carrier (electron) injection or simple thermal annealing. Atomic hydrogen is also found to passivate a variety of other species in GaN, as detected by a change in the electrical or optical properties of the material. The injection of hydrogen during a large variety of device fabrication steps has been detected by secondary ion mass sprectrometry (SIMS) profiling using 2H isotopic labeling. Basically all of the acceptor species in GaN, i.e., Mg, C, Ca, and Cd, are found to form complexes with hydrogen.
One‐to‐one recommendation system in apparel online shopping
Authors: Sekozawa Teruji , Mitsuhashi Hiroyuki , Ozawa Yukio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe propose an apparel online shopping site with a fashion adviser existing on the Internet. The fashion adviser, who has detailed knowledge about the fashions in the real shop, selects and coordinates the clothes of the customer's preference. Because customers without a detailed knowledge of fashion were not able to choose clothes suitable for their preferences from among the large selection on conventional apparel shopping sites, we created a system that analyzes the customer's preferences by the AHP technique, forms a cluster by correlation of clothes, and analyzes the market basket. As a result, this system can coordinate clothes appropriate to the taste of an individual customer. It can also make recommendations of other clothes based on past sales data. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(1): 51–60, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10261
3D head pose tracking using a particle filter with nose template matching
Authors: Kubota Hitoshi , Takeshi Masami , Saito Hideo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method for real‐time tracking of the driver's head pose in a real vehicle environment by using multiple NIR cameras. In order to achieve real‐time performance and high accuracy, the head pose is estimated with six degrees of freedom by a particle filter with a restricted state space. First, the 3D position of the nostrils is measured by template matching of stereo images. Because the nostrils are the darkest area in the captured NTR images, we can detect the position of the nose robustly and very precisely. From the 3D position of the nose, we can make an initial estimate of the head pose. Then, each hypothesis is updated by prior probability with the constraint of the nose position. Thus, it is possible to reduce the number of particles while maintaining accuracy. Experimental results indicate that this method is effective for head pose tracking. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(1): 34–42, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10268