bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of teaching life skills programs for avoiding of drug taking on university student
Authors: Gatab T. Ahmadi , Amiri M. Shafiei 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionLife’s skill because of great theory and researching background is very important in avoiding of getting further into drug. “Teaching life skill’s s” collection by Dr.Botvin is the same and tries by contrasting sense of person to increase great self-independency and self-confidence.AimsIt is an important key on taking drug. Because there is no influence avoiding program on universities, we verified this program on this research.MethodsAll university student of Payam noor, Babol branch on the years of 88-89 are of research collection. Research sample of about 100 girl and boys student were chosen and divided on two 50 persons groups. (Control and testing) testing group students passed life skills course but the other did not passed. The two groups were compared by health and good behavior of Dr.Botvin’s Questionnaires and on the base of dependent and independent group of T-teaching statistic.ResultsThe mean score of university student have had differences to the scores on pre-testing phase. Because after- testing we had increasing information about materials, changing attitude to material and increasing skills.ConclusionsTeaching life skills increased testing group’s skills level. In this case, this program is an avoiding factor and decrease drug taking on future. Teaching life skills collection is an avoiding factor on drug taking.We propos to teach this as an optional course on all universities. To do research on all other factor on life skills and noticing to time of teaching (long term, short term) is very interesting.
Risky behaviors of HIV infection among drug dependents in Egypt
Authors: Elsawy H.F. , Al-Kabash I.M. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundThe objective was to study risky behaviors for HIV infection by drug dependents and assess their needs for prevention.MethodologyThis study was conducted on 188 drug addicts using a pre tested and pre designed qustionnaire sheet.ResultsThe majority of studied addicts were ageing 20–40 years (81.4%), males (88.8%), of urban residence(69.7%) and of single marital status (69.7%). Illiteracy represented 10.6% and 22.3% were unemployed. Practicing drug injection was found among 44.7% out of them 42.9% shared needles. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS was found among the majority of studied addicts but deeper knowledge about modes of transmission was defective. Only 11.2% were ever screened for HIV compared with 43.6% for viral hepatitis. Risk perception for HIV infection was found among 28.6% of injecting drug users and 22% of addicts with unsafe sexual relations. Nearly two thirds had extramarital sex with multiple partners while 66.9% reported never use condoms. Hepatitis B and C and sexually transmitted infections were significanlty higher among dependents with unsafe sexual behaviros and drug injection.ConclusionRisky behaviors for HIV infection are common among studied addicts. Their risk perception and knowledge about HIV/AIDS was, however, found defective. There is urgent need for outreach programs to increase their awarness about harm reduction meaures.
The effect of methadone maintenance therapy on harm minimization between opiate dependents in socio behavioral consulting centers
Authors: Kheradmand A. , Parvaresh N. , Darijani M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSocio behavioral consulting centers offer Methadone maintenance therapy which is a very useful method for drug dependents. These centers offer a wide range of services like education, consulting, prevention, take care of patient, and treatment for high risk groups like patients infected with AIDS. MMT is helpful in harm minimization and increases quality of drug dependent’s life, so as a result reduces infection in HIV patients.AimsThis study intends to investigate importance of MMT on harm minimization between opioid dependents in Kerman.MethodsThe study was cross sectional and descriptive and it was done on 110 patients referred to sociobehavioral consulting centers no.1 and no.2 in Kerman city in 2005 and 2006. Data was gathered by questionnaires once on the beginning of the treatment and once 6 months after. Then data was analyzed by SPSS13 and chi square test.FindingsMMT results in a reduction of 97.3% of common injections and 96.4% of police arresting to imprisonment and 80% in family problems and 68.2% drug abuse and negative morphine test in these centers. Also after 6 months of treatment, drug consumption expenses were lowered.ConclusionThis study showed that the treatment with MMT in social behavioral consulting centers reduced dangerous behaviors and increased quality of life and controlled the transmission of Dangerous Diseases such as AIDS, Hepatitis and etc in the community.
Considerations on classification of alcohol induced mental disorders
Authors: Pajević I. , Hasanović M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCurrent valid classification systems (ICD-10 and DSM-IV) of the alcohol-induced disorders include: acute intoxication, pathological intoxication, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, psychotic disorder with delusions or hallucinations, delirium tremens, amnesic syndrome, mood disorders and anxiety disorders caused by alcohol consumption (only in DSM-IV) and sexual dysfunction.AimTo consider adequacy of existing classifications of alcohol dependency and to offer more adequate suggestion for ICD-11 and DSM-V.MethodologyAuthors compared and analyzed the diagnostic criteria that are offered in the current classifications for these disorders.ResultsThere are many similarities and many differences between existing diagnostic criteria's. The former name of the DSM-IV (Substance related disorders, which include Alcohol related disorders) is inappropriate since it excludes other related disorders. Another important issue that is currently a subject of extensive discussions in the process of finalizing the DSM-V refers to the current distinction terms abuse and alcohol dependence. Scientific documents about the criteria of abuse and dependence in clinical samples and samples from the general population suggest that the DSM-IV criteria for abuse and dependence can be considered as part of a one-dimensional structure, thus for DSM-V it could be combined into a single disorder, with two criteria to make a diagnosis.ConclusionIt is expected that the principles adopted by the WHO during the preparation for ICD-11, which includes bridging the differences between ICD and DSM and the introduction of the person centered integrative diagnosis (PID) will be an important step forward in understanding and distinction among alcohol induced mental disorders.
Selective effect of paternal age on age-of-onset in bipolar i disorder
Authors: Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M. , Wickramaratne P.J. , Elston R.C. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThe study investigated the effect of the parental age on the age-of-onset (AO) in bipolar I disorder (BPI) in connection with proband gender and family history for major psychoses in a directly interviewed sample of 530 BPI probands.MethodAll 530 probands, 73.0% of their first-degree and 22.62% of their second-degree relatives were administered the DIGS and FIGS interviews. The family history (FH) method was used for unavailable relatives. The impact of parental age on proband early/late AO was evaluted through logistic regressions. The commingling analysis (SAGEv6.1-software) was used to determine the cut-off age separating the early/late AO.ResultsWe evidenced a significant influence of the paternal age ≥ 35 years on AO in BPI disorder in the total sample (p = 0.023) and in some subgroups defined by positive/negative FH for major psychoses: the sporadic group (p = 0.035) and the group with FH of recurrent unipolar major depression (Mdd-RUP) (p = 0.041). No effect of the paternal/maternal age on disease AO was found in patients with FH of bipolar/schizoaffective disorders/schizoprenia (BP/SA/SCZ). The global significant effect of the advancing paternal age on the decreasing proband AO was generated by female patients (p = 0.022). No effect of the paternal/maternal age on disease AO was found in male patients. Paternal age was older in fathers of sporadic cases and of cases with FH of Mdd-RUP than in cases with FH of BP/SA/SCZ (p = 0.011).ConclusionWe evidenced a selective effect of the advancing paternal age on bipolar onset depending on offspring gender and type of FH for major psychoses.
An indian study of health related quality of life in bipolar disorder patients and their caregivers
Authors: Kumar P. , Bhatia M.S. , Mittal S. , Tomar B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThere are major health care implications of quality of life (QOL) in longstanding disorders such as Bipolar affective disorder (BD) for the patients and their caregivers.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to compare quality of life among bipolar disorder patients, their caregivers and to assess whether the level of depression correlates with the scores of quality of life in Bipolar Disorder patients.MethodWe compared bipolar disorder (N = 40), their caregivers (N = 40) and no psychiatric illnesses (N = 150) on health related quality of life (HRQOL) which was assessed using the 26-item World Health Organization QOL instrument (WHOQOL-BREF Hindi version). All patients were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV. Within the group with bipolar disorder, we examined the relationship between HRQOL using WHOQOL BREF Hindi version and depression assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).ResultsPatients in bipolar disorder group had lower QOL on all the four domains compared to healthy controls, caregivers. The four domains of the WHOQOL scale correlated negatively with the HDRS.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that bipolar depression and residual symptoms of depression are negatively correlated with QOL in BD patients.
A survey of the demographic, personality and psychopatology characteristics of the runaway girls
Authors: Dehbozorgi G.R. 
Published: May 2011

The problem of runaway girls is one of the social problems having become more prevalent and common subject for families, welfare centres and government in Iran.Escaped girls from their home, which have been prevalent, recently have been the problematic social subject for family, aid agencies and government.ObjectiveThis study aimed at determining the demographic, personality and psychopathology characteristic of runaway girls from home in Shiraz.MethodFifty girls who escaped from home and referred to the Women's Social Emergency and Rehabilitant Centre were compared with fifty girls who lived with their parents. They were assessed by semi-structured interview based on DSMIV-TR criteria, demographic questionnaire, GHQ-28 and EPQ-R-106.ResultsThe results showed that %86 of the runaway girls were resident in cities, and %40 of them was the first child of the family. Considering the familial stability, addicted parents, death and divorce of parents; the runaway girls did not have significant differences with control group, although they had significant differences in psychiatric disorders and physical abuse. Also they had more problems in social function and extroversion, lying, addiction and crime seeking.ConclusionThe high prevalence of psychopathology and social victims of the runaway girls demands serious attention by the non-governmental and governmental organizations for increasing their mental health and social supports.
Pervasive refusal syndrome: comparing and contrasting clinical cases
Authors: Grahame V. , Reid C. , Rao S. , Guirguis S. , Kaplan C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPervasive Refusal Syndrome (PRS) is a relatively new diagnostic concept, that describes a rare and potentially life threatening condition, in which children refuse to walk.talk, eat, drink, engage in self care, and take part in day to day activities (Lask et al, 1991).PRS is not included in any of the psychiatric classification systems (ICD 10, DSM IV), although consensus exists within the literature as to its existence. Lask comments in his paper on Pervasive Refusal Syndrome that he has consulted on only 50 cases worldwide (Lask, 2004).ObjectivesThe authors will share their clinical experience of treating seven new cases of PRS in a Regional CAMHS inpatient hospital. Patients with PRS often require hospital admission for assessment and exclusion of other medical, neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, because of the rarity many medical and psychiatric professionals have little experience of the treatment and rehabilitation required.MethodsThe specific MDT management approach necessary to meet the complex needs of patients with PRS will be discussed, as treatment is often counterintuitive, and some approaches can result in deterioration rather than improvement.ResultsIn terms of improvement and recovery from the disorder, less is known about long term follow-up, as only a few studies have reported on immediate outcome. The authors have undertaken a long term follow-up (in press) and will discuss issues relating to prognosis.ConclusionA specific MDT treatment approach for PRS will be discussed, alongside the clinical decisions and dilemmas involved in following this approach.
P01-300-Assessment of level anxiety and depression for parents of children with chronic disease
Authors: Jafary Manesh H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAnxiety and depression are psychological disorders, which are according to the World Health Organization in terms of disease on top of other diseases in recent decades. Parents have children with chronic disease, which are faced with psychological pressure. In these Conditions, they are susceptible to Anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression of Parental is associated with decreased sense of responsibility toward care, education and nutrition for their children. Children of depressed parents than healthy parents have more hospitalization time and higher mortality. addition, parents are considered as the most important people in the support system of sick children and their mental disorder affect on their children's mental and emotional health. Therefore assessment of parents’ the two disorders are essential.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine of parent's anxiety and depression of children with chronic disease in Tehran Mofid pediatric hospital in 1389.MethodThis is cross-sectional descriptive study. 440 parents of hospitalized children with chronic diseases were selected with random sampling. Study's tool was anxiety and depression hospital scale. Tools validated with content and convergent validity method and test-retest method was used to its reliability.FindingsAssessment of anxiety level showed 49/1% of samples were moderate to severe and 24/5% with mild anxiety. Level analyses of depression showed that 31/8% of samples were with moderate to severe depression and 27/3 with mild depression.ConclusionOverall result showed that more than half of parents of children with chronic diseases suffer from moderate to severe anxiety and depression.
The psychological profile of young people and tattoo changes
Authors: Krasic D.B. , Mitic M.L. , Kostic J.S. , Ilic N.M. , Rankovic M.Z. 
Published: May 2011

Adolescence is a developing period on the way of forming the final identity. The core of it is the physical identity, which is the starting point and whose expression is the mirror of its internal being. Tattoos, offered as a part of fashion trend, are accepted by a great number of young people, but on the other side, many people remain distant in relation to them.The aim of workResearch carried out for determining the specificities of the psycho-social profile of adolescents with tattoos.Materials and methodsResearch carried out on 80 adolescents of the age between 16 and 25 years, both sexes…A questionnaire with demographical data was used for the research, PIE (profile index of emotions Plucik), battery of the tests CON4.ResultsAdolescents with a greater number of tattoos (2 or more) manifest a higher aggression, low frustration tolerance and impulsiveness, social disinhibition and they are emotionally without social fears, unpleasantness and shame. Young people with one tattoo don’t have a different profile, but a need of satisfying fashion trends and solving their developing uncertainties and depressiveness.ConclusionYoung people with tattoos have a specific psycho-social profile, and a great number of tattoos is a screening for indicating behavioral disorders.
Antipsychotic medication for childhood-onset schizophrenia
Authors: Kumar A. , Kennedy E. , Datta S. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundChildhood-onset schizophrenia is onset prior to the age of 13 years. Although rare, people who suffer from schizophrenia at an early age appear to have a severe form of the illness with poor long-term prognosis. Antipsychotic medication is one way of managing this serious mental illness.Aims/objectivesTo examine the effects of antipsychotics for childhood-onset schizophrenia.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register, inspected references and contacted pharmaceutical companies and authors of trials. We included all randomised clinical trials.ResultsFrom a total of 2062 citations, we identified six relevant trials. Three comparisons: atypical versus typical, atypical versus atypical and typical versus typical antipsychotic drugs. The only comparison to find any differences was atypical versus typical antipsychotic drugs. A few results from one study favoured the atypical antipsychotic clozapine over haloperidol in treating treatment resistant childhood-onset schizophrenia (n = 21, WMD CGAS 17.00 CI 7.74 to 26.26). Participants on clozapine, however, were three times more likely to have drowsiness (1 RCT, n = 21, RR 3.30 CI 1.23 to 8.85, NNH 2 CI 2 to 17) and half of the children receiving clozapine had neutropenia (1 RCT, n = 21, RR 12, CI 0.75 to192.86).ConclusionsThere are few relevant trials and, presently, there is little conclusive evidence regarding the effects of antipsychotic medication for those with early onset schizophrenia. Some benefits were identified in using the atypical antipsychotic clozapine compared with haloperidol but the benefits were offset by an increased risk of serious adverse effects. Larger, more robust, trials are required.
Liaison psychiatry in a spinal cord injury unit: characteristics of patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (ATSCI)
Authors: Lusilla Palacios P. , Torrent Bertrand L. , Montesinos Magraner L. , Rodríguez A. , González Viejo M.A. , Parramon G. , Casas Brugué M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDespite of the evidence of high psychopathological disorders in patients with ATSCI, few data are available on their psychiatric morbidity prior to the injury.ObjectivesIdentify psychiatric morbidity pre-post ATSCI in a sample of patients admitted in the Spinal Injuries Unit of the Vall d’ Hebron University Hospital in Barcelona (Spain).Material and methods54 patients with ATSCI patients were admitted between 1st. October 2009 and 1st. October 2010. SPSS (version 16.1) was used to analyze the data.ResultsSeventy-six percent of the inpatients with ATSCI (41 cases) were evaluated by the psychiatrist and constitute the study sample. Twenty-seven (66%) were male and 14 (33%) female. The average age of the sample was 41 years with younger males (p < 0.05).Reasons for ATSCI in males were traffic accident (26%), accidental falls and sports accidents (both 18.5%). In women were suicidal attempt by precipitation, fall accident (28.6% both) and traffic accident (21.4%).41% of men versus 14% of women had a history of substance misuse (p < 0.01) while 64% of women versus the 14.8% of males had a prior psychiatric disorder (p < 0.01). 72.5% of men with ATSCI caused by traffic accident had used substances prior to the accident, those association was not found for women.91% of patients underwent psychopharmacological intervention.ConclusionsATSCI patients exhibit high psychiatric morbidity and require specialized assessment. The high incidence of substance use associated with road traffic injuries suggests the need to identify risk groups in order to establish effective preventive measures.
Hospitalized psychoses after liver transplantation
Authors: Rojas-Estapé M. , Iglesias Rodriguez C. , Garcia Murillo L. 
Published: May 2011

Calcineurin inhibitors can cause neurological and psychiatric side effects. Mild symptoms to severe complications can be found.Case presentationWe report a 49 year old man who received an orthotopic liver transplantation in May 2010. He received tacrolimus. Ten days later, while he was still in Hospital, he suffered behavioural disorders, being psychotic with delusions of persecution; he called the police thinking that he was being poisened by the staff of the Hospital. Although his Tacrolimus blood concentration had been kept in the normal range, his symptoms improved dramatically when the Tacrolimus was changed into Cyclosporine and Haloperidol was introduced at high doses (7 mg/day) for 10 days when the dose was reduced to 4 mg/day.Medical historyChronic hepatitis VHC 1a in 1994. Received treatment with Interferon alfa in 1997 with no antiviral answer. In 2001 new treatment with pegylated Interferon and Ribavirine with positive virological answer but had to be stopped because of psychoses secondary to treatment. New treatment in March 2006 to March 2007 with Pegasys+Ribavirine with rapid virologycal answer with prophylactic Olanzapine 5 mg during a year with no psychotic symptons. In May 2009, Child Pugh C10, in list for liver transplantation.We discuss the implications of these findings and the relevance for future clinical care in these patients.
Empathic inclination and job satisfaction in the nurses working with the individuals with chronic diseases
Authors: Tel H. , Mollaoğlu M. , Polatkan R. , Günaltay H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe chronic diseases are increasing in all around the world. As the members of the health team, nurses are in an important position in protection from chronic diseases and maintenance of those diseases.ObjectiveThe present study was carried out in order to determine the empathic inclination and the job satisfaction in the nurses working with patients with chronic diseases.MethodIn the study, 259 nurses working with patients having chronic diseases were included. Data for the study were gathered by using questionnaire form, empathic inclination scale and job satisfaction scale. In the assessment of the research data, percentage distribution, Pearson correlation analysis, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskall Wallis tests were used.FindingsIt was found that there are positive correlation between empathic inclination and job satisfaction; the ages of nurses and empathic inclination; and working years of the nurses and the empathic inclination (p < 0.05).ResultsAs the empathic inclination in the nurses working with patients having chronic diseases, the job satisfaction increases. As the ages and working years of the nurses increase, their empathic inclinations increase, too. The high level of empathic inclination and job satisfaction in nurses maintaining the patients with chronic disease will contribute to the sustainability of the maintenance both for the patients and nurses.