bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring generational intelligence as a model for examining the process of intergenerational relationships
Authors: BIGGS SIMON , HAAPALA IRJA , LOWENSTEIN ARIELA 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to examine an emerging model of intergenerational relationships that takes as its starting point the degree to which it is possible to place oneself in the position of a person of another age, the ‘age-other’. The paper explores an experiential approach that draws on both sociological thinking on ‘generational consciousness’ and a debate in family gerontology on the relationships between conflict, solidarity and ambivalence. The main emphasis is on the processes of generational experience, and a working distinction is made between the informational ‘intelligence’ that is culturally available to social actors and the degree to which it is possible ‘to act intelligently’. The latter itemises the steps that would need to be taken to become critically self-aware of age as a factor in social relations, including the relative ability to recognise one's personal generational distinctiveness, acquiring understanding of the relationship between generations, critical awareness of the value stance being taken toward generational positions, and finally, acting in a manner that is generationally aware. The paper concludes with a consideration of how sustainable generational relations can be encouraged and the implications for future research into intergenerational relationships.
Adult children and parental care-giving: making sense of participation patterns among siblings
Authors: LEINONEN ANU M. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to analyse 20 Finnish working carers' perceptions of their sibling relations and the sharing of the responsibility for parental care. The main focus is on the interviewees' rationales for the participation or non-participation of their siblings in the parents' care. Almost all the interviewed carers stated that the division of care responsibilities is unequal and that they are the primary carers, but the majority did not convey any clear intention to try to persuade their siblings to increase their participation in parental care. In many cases, the siblings were described either as entirely absent or as providing occasional backup, but some interviewees reported that caring for the parent(s) was shared with their other siblings. Consequently, three participation patterns were identified: ‘absence’, ‘backup’ and ‘togetherness’. All the interviewees offered rationales for the unequal division of care tasks and responsibilities among the siblings. The discussion focuses on these rationales and their variations by participation patterns, and considers the similarity of the findings to those from previous American and British studies. The study concludes that social-care services should take the primary carer's siblings into consideration, although not always as a ‘resource’. It should not be taken for granted or assumed that the primary care-giver receives help from her or his siblings, even if their relationship is otherwise close and unproblematic.
Prevalence, incidence, and persistence of syphilis infection in female sex workers in a Chinese province
Authors: WANG H. B. , SMITH K. , BROWN K. S. , WANG G. X. , CHANG D. F. , XU J. J. , DING G. W. , JIN X. , REILLY K. H. , WANG N. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThe study's objectives were to investigate the prevalence, incidence, persistence, and associated risk factors of syphilis in female sex workers (FSWs) in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan, China. Three serial cross-sectional surveys were conducted and biological specimens were collected and tested for HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and drug use. The logistic Generalized Estimating Equation regression model was used to identify risk factors for prevalent syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis was 7·5%, 8·4% and 8·8%, respectively, in the three survey periods. Estimated syphilis incidence was 1·07 cases/100 person-years, and the persistence of syphilis per person at 6 months was 90·4%. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with syphilis were age, lower education level, number of clients in a week, inconsistent condom use with clients, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and Chlamydia trachomatis. Persistent syphilis in this population of FSWs is a serious public health concern.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism (G894T) and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: GIANNOPOULOS SOTIRIOS , MARKOULA SOFIA , ASPROUDIS IOANNIS , GALIDI ANNA , NIKAS ALEXIOS , KYRITSIS ATHANASSIOS P. , GEORGIOU IOANNIS 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is associated with vascular risk factors and a genetic predisposition for NAION. In this study, we examined the potential association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) G894T polymorphism with NAION. For this, 45 patients (29 men and 16 women) and 193 controls (122 men and 71 women) were enrolled prospectively and genotyped for eNOS genes. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. The prevalence of eNOS polymorphisms was estimated in NAION patients and controls. Genotype frequencies were estimated with chi-square test, and odds ratios were calculated. We found that eNOS G894T polymorphism is not associated with NAION occurrence as the genotype and allele frequencies were not significantly different between the control and patient groups (TTvs. GG + GT: P = 0.646 and Tvs. G: P = 0.86). The precise mechanism of NAION occurrence has not been elucidated yet; since NAION may occur when a compromised watershed microcirculation is combined with insufficient autoregulation of systematic circulation, other alterations in the eNOS gene or polymorphism of genes involved in systematic circulation may be associated with NAION occurrence.
‘Every sort of manual type, and mostly foreigners’: migrants, brothers and festive kings in early modern Florence
Authors: ROSENTHAL DAVID 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT:In 1522, the artisan festive ‘kingdom’ of the Biliemme put up the biggest street tabernacle in Florence. German textile workers were behind the tabernacle and this article argues that, at a time of crisis for German workers, these men looked to reassert their place in Florence through their participation in a citywide artisan festive subculture. Forty years later, Germans in the Biliemme district had largely been replaced by textile migrants from other parts of Italy. Nonetheless the kingdom remained a important vehicle for creating neighbourhood solidarities and for incorporating these new migrants into the artisan and civic world.
The splendour of bankers and merchants: Genoese garden grottoes of the sixteenth century
Authors: HANKE STEPHANIE 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT:The article analyses the diffusion of artificial grottoes in Genoa during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in terms of their role in the construction of the ruling oligarchy's social identity. No other artistic genre offered a more effective means for bankers and merchants to flaunt their wealth and their network of international contacts. Grottoes comprising expensive corals and exotic shells functioned as a strategic marketing device whose cost and splendour satisfied not only the discerning humanist but also made a profound impression upon non-expert guests who were, first and foremost, potential future business clients.
Parading in public: patrician women and sumptuary law in Renaissance Siena
Authors: JACKSON PHILIPPA 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT:In Renaissance Italy clothing, particularly of women, was strictly regulated; individuals were regularly denounced when walking through the city. Modesty was a virtue in a republican state and dress played a major part in urban identity, reflecting social values and those of the political regime. Sumptuary laws were a major mode of control, particularly of patrician women, whose dress reflected both their own and their family's wealth and status. Despite increased availability of luxurious fabrics encouraged by urban policies, legislation was used to prohibit new forms of dress and raise money for state coffers. At the end of the fifteenth century Pandolfo Petrucci (1452–1512) took control of Siena. The inner elite of his regime, particularly its female members, were given exemptions from the strict legislation and were able to flaunt their elevated status and the new social order.
Rethinking emotion and material culture
Authors: Harris Oliver J.T. , Sørensen Tim Flohr 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article, we wish to return to the suggestion made by Sarah Tarlow a decade ago about the importance of understanding emotions in archaeology as a central facet of human being and human actions. We suggest a further expansion of this that focuses exclusively on the relationship between material culture and emotions (as opposed to textually, verbally or iconographically informed approaches), and offer a vocabulary that may better equip archaeologists to incorporate emotions into their interpretations. We attempt to show the implications of such a vocabulary in a specific British Neolithic case study at the henge monument of Mount Pleasant.
Mission-Shaped or Paul-Shaped? Apostolic Challenges to theMission-Shaped Church
Authors: King Fergus J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractJohn M. Hull has raised a number of criticisms about the understanding of worship found inMission-Shaped Church: Church Planting and Fresh Expressions of Church in a Changing Context. In this article, some of these criticisms are explored further. Analysis of Paul’s proposed reforms to the Lord’s Supper in Corinth show that worship must address social concerns and not focus exclusively on a God-ward aspect. Paul does this by describing the Lord’s Supper as a paradigm for behaviour and world-view using the Greek symposium tradition. Paul’s response to the Corinthian situation raises questions about the suitability of the Homogeneous Unit Principle and its role in mission, as do aspects of the controversy with Peter documented in Galatians 2. His wider exploration of the sacramental dimension of ritual meals (1 Cor. 10–11) further shows that worship cannot be divorced from ethics and behaviour if it is to be truly effective and based on Pauline principles
Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries to Understand Human Drivers of Environmental Threats
Authors: Rosa Eugene , Dietz Thomas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA wide range of ecological studies affirms the cumulative damage to ecosystem capital and services around the globe. They also point to the overwhelming role that anthropogenic or human drivers play in global ecological damage. The MAHB is intended to combine what we know about human drivers of environmental threats with what the social sciences know about changing human behavior and institutions. A variety of social sciences have taken up the first task of identifying the key human activities—at both the local, cumulative level and at the systemic level—most responsible for global environmental change. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of land use and land cover change, of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation, of the governance of common pool resources, and of demographic and economic factors. Each of these advances is the result of integrating ecological principals and findings into disciplined social science research. This presentation highlights one of these integrating approaches, the STIRPAT approach, that adds social and political variables and statistical sophistication from the social sciences to the widely adopted IPAT formula.
The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Young Vincent , Chang Eugene , Meyer Folker , Sogin Mitchell , Schmidt Thomas , Tiedje James 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe overall goal of our Demonstration Project is to address the hypothesis that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To circumvent the confounding effects of mucosal inflammation and medications that independently bias microbial selection, we have set out to study a unique clinical model of ulcerative colitis (pouchitis) where the development and status of the gut microbiota can be assessed prospectively and relative to the outcome of disease. Pouchitis is an inflammatory condition of a surgically-created pseudorectum that is unique to ulcerative colitis and rarely occurs when this procedure is performed for treatment of other non-IBD diseases. Since the incidence of developing pouchitis within one year is over 50%, the likelihood of detecting antecedent changes in microbiota is high. Our multi-center study involves an integrated team of researchers with expertise in clinical manifestations of pouchitis (Univ. Chicago), cultivation of diverse microorganisms (MSU), molecular microbial ecology (MSU/UMich/MBL), and metagenomics (ANL). Our goal is to enroll up to 50 patients with pouchitis who will be followed clinically and endoscopically (sampling from the unprepped pouch) for a period of 18 months each. Though the use of high-throughput, cost-effective technologies, which members of this team have played a key role in developing, we intend to demonstrate a critical role for the gut microbiome in the development of the dysregulated mucosal immune response that is the hallmark of IBD. In order to identify associations between the structure and dynamics of the gut microbial community and specific clinical endpoints, we will scan for markers in the fecal microbial community that are associated with specific, quantifiable measures of disease activity or progression. Collectively, these studies will provide insights into how enteric microbiota cause or contribute to the etiopathogenesis of human ulcerative colitis. This knowledge will lead the way to novel ways to monitor patients with IBD and to guide the development of novel preventative and therapeutic interventions.In accordance with the guidelines of the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), data generated by this study (NCBI Project ID 463154) will be subject to a 12 month publication moratorium from the date of data submission to dbGaP and SRA.
Linking stoichiometric homeostasis with ecosystem structure, functioning, and stability
Authors: Yu Qiang , Chen Quansheng , Elser James , Cease Arianne , He Nianpeng , Wu Honghui , Zhang Guangming , Wu Jianguo , Bai Yongfei , Han Xingguo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEcosystem structure, functioning, and stability have been a focus of ecological and environmental sciences during the past two decades. The mechanisms underlying their relationship, however, are not well understood. Based on comprehensive studies in Inner Mongolia grassland, here we show that species-level stoichiometric homeostasis was consistently positively correlated with dominance and stability on both 2-year and 27-year temporal scales and across a 1200-km spatial transect. At the community level, stoichiometric homeostasis was also positively correlated with ecosystem function and stability in most cases. Thus, homeostatic species tend to have high and stable biomass; and ecosystems dominated by more homeostatic species have higher productivity and greater stability. By modulating organism responses to key environmental drivers, stoichiometric homeostasis appears to be a major mechanism responsible for the structure, functioning, and stability of grassland ecosystems.
A bestiary of non-linear functions for growth analysis
Authors: Paine C. E. Timothy , Marthews Toby , Vogt Deborah , Purves Drew , Rees Mark , Hector Andy , Turnbull Lindsay 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPlant growth is an essential ecological process, integrating across scales from physiology to community dynamics. Predicting the growth of plants is essential to understand a wide range of ecological issues, including competition, plant-herbivore interactions and ecosystem functioning.A challenge in modeling plant growth is that growth rates almost universally decrease with increasing size, for a variety of reasons. Traditional analyses of growth are hampered by the need to remain within the structures of linear models, which handle this slowing poorly. We demonstrate the implementation of a variety of non-linear models that are more appropriate for modeling plant growth than are the traditional, linear, models.Ecological inference is frequently based on growth rates, rather than model parameters. Traditional calculations of absolute and relative growth rates assume that they are invariant with respect to time or biomass, which is almost never valid. We advocate and demonstrate the calculation of function-derived growth rates, which highlight the time- and biomass-varying nature of growth. We further show how uncertainty in estimated parameter values can be propagated to express uncertainty in absolute and relative growth rates.The use of non-linear models and function-derived growth rates can facilitate testing novel hypotheses in population and community ecology. Even so, we acknowledge that fitting non-linear models can be tricky. To foster the spread of these methods, we make many recommendations for ecologists to follow when their hypotheses lead them into the subject of plant growth.
The impact of forest logging and fragmentation on the species richness and density of Malagasy rainforest carnivores
Authors: Gerber Brian , Karpanty Sarah , Randrianantenaina Johny 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDespite significant efforts to understand and conserve Madagascar’s unique biodiversity, relatively little is known about the island’s carnivore populations. We sampled four rainforest sites to explore the effects of forest logging and fragmentation on carnivore species richness and the density of the two largest endemic carnivores, the Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) and Malagasy Civet (Fossa fossana). Our rainforest sites were selected across a gradient of increasing anthropogenic disturbance from primary to selectively-logged to fragmented forest < 2.5 km from primary forest, to fragmented forest > 20 km from primary forest. We deployed a minimum of 26 passive infrared camera stations at each forest site to non-invasively sample carnivores. By identifying C. ferox and F. fossana individuals based on unique pelage patterns, we were able to apply capture-recapture analyses using the Huggins model in Program MARK and Program DENSITY. We used a buffer of full mean-maximum-distance-moved (MMDM) and a spatially-explicit capture-recapture (SECR) method to estimate density. A total of 5,579 camera-trap nights yielded detections of five endemic carnivores (C. ferox, F. fossana, ring-tailed mongoose Galidia elegans, broad-striped mongoose Galidictus fasciata, small-toothed civet Eupleres goudotii). We found variation in carnivore species richness among the four sites. All endemic carnivores were present in the primary and selectively-logged rainforest, while overall endemic species richness was greatly reduced in the fragmented forests. Density also varied significantly among the rainforest sites. F. fossana density (individuals/km-2 ± SE) decreased significantly between the primary rainforest (SECR 3.19 ±0.55, MMDM 2.47 ±0.13) and selectively-logged rainforest (SECR 1.38 ± 0.223, MMDM 1.22 ± 0.055). F. fossana was absent from both fragmented sites. C. ferox density also decreased significantly between the primary rainforest (SECR 0.12 ± 0.05, MMDM 0.14 ± 0.001) and the selectively-logged rainforest (SECR 0.09 ±0.04, MMDM 0.09 ±0.002). C. ferox was absent from the fragmented rainforest > 20 km from primary forest, yet we did detect a single individual at the fragmented rainforest < 2.5 km from the primary forest. Our results suggest that forest logging and fragmentation negatively impact C. ferox and F. fossana populations in Malagasy rainforests. Unlike F. fossana, C. ferox appears to be able to occupy rainforest fragments near primary forest. Our study provides the first assessment of carnivore population parameters in the eastern rainforests of Madagascar and will be of importance to Malagasy governmental and non-governmental agencies seeking to more accurately assess the status of these species and to best set management goals.
Differentiation of AFS cells derived from the EGFP gene transgenic porcine fetuses
Authors: Zheng Yue‐Mao , Dang Yong‐Hui , Xu Yong‐Ping , Sai Wu‐Jia‐Fu , An Zhi‐Xing 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe have obtained the EGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein) gene transgenic porcine fetuses before. The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether stem cells could be isolated from amniotic fluid of the transgenic porcine fetuses, and (ii) to determine if these stem cells could express EGFP and differentiate in vitro. The results demonstrated that stem cells could be isolated from amniotic fluid of the EGFP gene transgenic porcine fetuses and could express EGFP and differentiate in vitro. Undifferentiated AFSs (amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells) expressed POU5F1, THY1 and SOX2, while the following differentiation cells expressed markers for chondrogenic (COL2A1), osteogenic (osteocalcin and osteonectin) and neurogenic cells such as astrocyte (GFAP), oligodendrocyte (GALC) and neuron (NF, ENO2 and MAP).
Plasma Exchange After Initial Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Critical Reassessment of Effectiveness and Cost-Efficiency
Authors: Oczko-Walker Malgorzata , Manousakis Georgios , Wang Sijan , Malter James S , Waclawik Andrew J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Objectives:
To assess whether intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) followed by plasma exchange (PE) is more effective for patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome compared with IVIG alone.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of 46 patients treated for Guillain-Barré syndrome between 1995 and 2005 was performed. Patients were divided into four subgroups based on treatment received (IVIG, PE, IVIG + PE, or neither). Disability grade on admission, after completion of IVIG, and on the day of discharge from hospital (DGD) were assessed. DGD was the primary outcome measure. Duration of hospitalization, costs, duration of symptoms before treatment, and interval between IVIG and initiation of PE were analyzed.

Results:
Mean disability grade on admission was similar for all groups. DGD was significantly lower for the IVIG group (P < 0.001) than other groups. Compared with admission, patients treated with IVIG + PE had more severe impairment after completion of IVIG (P = 0.044) but did not show significant improvement after PE. Disability grade on admission and DGD scores for patients treated earlier (less than 14 days after onset of symptoms) versus later (greater than 14 days) were not significantly different. Duration of hospitalization was longer in patients receiving IVIG + PE versus IVIG alone (P < 0.001). The cost of treatment was significantly higher in the IVIG + PE subgroup (P < 0.001). No correlation between interval from IVIG to PE onset and DGD score was found.

Conclusions:
We found no association between PE after IVIG and improved short-term outcomes of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, but there was an association with an increase in cost and duration of hospitalization. There was no association between the timing of PE after IVIG and the short-term outcome. Prospective studies are needed to clarify whether the cost/benefit ratio favors the routine use of this therapeutic approach.
Transmission of Maternal Muscle-Specific Tyrosine Kinase (MuSK) to Offspring: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Murray Earnest L , Kedar Sachin , Vedanarayanan V V 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Familial occurrence of myasthenia gravis is uncommon and reports of maternal transmission of muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody myasthenia are rarer still. We report two families with maternal transmission of MuSK antibody myasthenia gravis to the offspring by different mechanisms. The first family demonstrates transmission genetic susceptibility of inheriting myasthenia gravis from MuSK antibodies, whereas the second one demonstrates transplacental transmission of MuSK antibodies at birth.