bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An updated analysis of safety climate and downstream outcomes in two convenience samples of U.S. fire departments (FOCUS 1.0 and 2.0 survey waves)
Authors: Geczik Ashley M. , Lee Jin , Allen Joseph A. , Raposa Madison E. , Robinson Lucy F. , Quistberg D. Alex , Davis Andrea L. , Taylor Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The Fire service Organizational Culture of Safety (FOCUS) survey is an assessment tool comprised of psychometrically validated metrics of safety climate, safety behavior, and downstream outcomes (organizational and injury) that are specific to the U.S. fire and rescue service.

Methods
This analysis consists of a descriptive summary of two independent survey waves (FOCUS 1.0 and 2.0). The fire departments included in these survey waves were from convenience sampling (n1.0 = 275; n2.0 = 170). In addition to department level characteristics, we examined individual level characteristics for firefighters and EMS providers in participating departments (n1.0 = 22,719; n2.0 = 16,882). We conducted regression analyses to examine the associations between safety climate and safety behaviors, organizational outcomes, and safety outcomes. All analyses were stratified by organization type (career, volunteer).

Results
Our analysis indicated that a majority of respondents were males (90.7%FOCUS 1.0; 90.4%FOCUS 2.0), non-officers (68.4%FOCUS 1.0; 66.4%FOCUS 2.0), and non-Hispanic Whites (70.8%FOCUS 1.0; 69.5%FOCUS 2.0). For both samples there was a higher prevalence of injuries among individuals in career departments (nFOCUS 1.0 = 3778 [17.5%]; nFOCUS 2.0 = 3072 [18.7%]) than volunteer departments (nFOCUS 1.0 = 103 [8.8%]; nFOCUS 2.0 = 34 [7.4%]). We observed an approximate 10-point difference between the mean scores of Management Commitment to Safety for career and volunteer departments in both samples. We observed associations for two organizational outcomes, Safety Behavior and Job Satisfaction, with Management Commitment to Safety and Supervisor Support for Safety overall and when stratified by organization type. We observed a decrease in the odds of injuries associated with a one-unit increase in Management Commitment to Safety (OR1.0 overall: 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99; OR2.0 volunteer: 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.95) and Supervisor Support for Safety (OR1.0 overall: 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.97; OR1.0 career: 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.98).

Conclusions
From our current study, and a prior analysis of a geographically stratified random sample of U.S. fire departments, we identified that from all the organizational outcomes, job satisfaction was most consistently associated with FOCUS safety climate. Further, firefighters in our samples consistently rated Supervisor Support for Safety higher than Management Commitment to Safety. Future interventions should support fire departments in improving their departmental Management Commitment to Safety and maintaining their Supervisor for Safety.
Ways of integrating eating into everyday lives – a qualitative study in Germany
Authors: Lampmann Lyn , Emberger-Klein Agnes , Brückner Katrin , Menrad Klaus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Food-related behaviour is a very complex topic. A common way to reduce complex issues to their essential content is to create a typology. In Germany, with regard to food-related behaviour, the creation of a typology has often been carried out by commercial research institutes, but also by (international) scientific institutes. The former have mostly used quantitative methods, the latter usually have a specific content focus. Within this study, we want to investigate how people integrate eating into their everyday lives while engaging with themselves and the environment, thereby living out personality development and related socialisation.

Methods
37 qualitative interviews were conducted and evaluated by means of content-structuring qualitative analysis and type-forming qualitative content analysis. Interviewees were recruited via recruitment calls using different channels, such as newspapers or university e-mail lists. Participants over the age of seventeen were eligible to take part in the study. Both the individual action processes and the interpretation processes regarding food-related behaviour were taken into account. The final sample consisted of 20 male and 18 female participants with an age range from 18 to 83.

Results
The result were seven eating action types, namely: Eating as a way of life, The Relaxed, Eating as self-determination, Eating as a necessary Evil, The Adaptive, The Overstrained and The Controlled.

Conclusions
We contribute to the study of food-related behaviour with the chosen qualitative method of type-building and by looking at how people integrate eating into their everyday lives. This contributes to a broader understanding of this phenomenon and complements the findings of existing commercial and academic food-related typing-building activities. Specifically, through identifying “The Overstrained” as a novel eating action type, this study adds to the literature in the field and may be a useful baseline for future research.
We should concern about Nipah virus epidemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Roney Miah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe zoonotic Nipah virus (NiV) is very lethal and may spread from animals to people. There is yet no known cure or therapy for NiV. The outbreaks are seasonal in Bangladesh, occurring between December and April, with cases reported almost annually. Since the virus was discovered in Bangladesh in 2001, 341 individuals had been affected, and as of February 2024, 242 fatalities have been documented. The case fatality rate (CFR) for NiV has been estimated to range from 40 to 75% in Bangladesh according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). As a result of the high CFR, difficulties in diagnosing the virus, and lack of specific treatments or vaccines for NiV infection, the WHO rates the overall risk at the national level as moderate. The virus has the potential to become a global public health concern due to its ability to spread from individual to person and beyond the region.
Strategic fire zones are essential to wildfire risk reduction in the Western United States
Authors: North Malcolm P. , Bisbing Sarah M. , Hankins Don L. , Hessburg Paul F. , Hurteau Matthew D. , Kobziar Leda N. , Meyer Marc D. , Rhea Allison E. , Stephens Scott L. , Stevens-Rumann Camille S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Over the last four decades, wildfires in forests of the continental western United States have significantly increased in both size and severity after more than a century of fire suppression and exclusion. Many of these forests historically experienced frequent fire and were fuel limited. To date, fuel reduction treatments have been small and too widely dispersed to have impacted this trend. Currently new land management plans are being developed on most of the 154 National Forests that will guide and support on the ground management practices for the next 15–20 years.

Results
During plan development, we recommend that Strategic Fire Zones (SFZs) be identified in large blocks (≥ 2,000 ha) of Federal forest lands, buffered (≥ 1–2.4 km) from the wildland-urban interface for the reintroduction of beneficial fire. In SFZs, lightning ignitions, as well as prescribed and cultural burns, would be used to reduce fuels and restore ecosystem services. Although such Zones have been successfully established in a limited number of western National Parks and Wilderness Areas, we identify extensive remote areas in the western US (8.3–12.7 million ha), most outside of wilderness (85–88%), where they could be established. Potential wildland fire Operational Delineations or PODs would be used to identify SFZ boundaries. We outline steps to identify, implement, monitor, and communicate the use and benefits of SFZs.

Conclusions
Enhancing collaboration and knowledge-sharing with Indigenous communities can play a vital role in gaining agency and public support for SFZs, and in building a narrative for how to rebuild climate-adapted fire regimes and live within them. Meaningful increases in wildland fire use could multiply the amount of beneficial fire on the landscape while reducing the risk of large wildfires and their impacts on structures and ecosystem services.
Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and heart type fatty acid binding protein as a prognostic marker in Myocardial infarction within 48 h of admission
Authors: Nikhil K. G. , Jayakumar K. T. , Shiny P. J. , Ramya N. K. , Kumar J. S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a measure of systemic inflammation, whereas Heart type fatty acid protein (HFABP) is a cytosolic protein released early after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of this research study is to determine whether NLR and H-FAB are useful in predicting the prognosis in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 48 h after admission. This is a prospective observational study conducted on 97 patients who had been admitted to emergency room with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in their ECG in a tertiary care centre of south India. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio was measured at the time of admission, 24th hour and 48th hour, and then compared with the outcome. To determine their significance in the MI episode, troponin-I and H-FABP were also measured.

Results
A significant correlation was found in the final outcomes of patients and the NLR at the time of admission and at 48 h (p = 0.01). Additionally, a substantial correlation between NLR and various degrees of LV dysfunction was also observed (p = 0.01). H-FABP was found to be positive in all 97 of the patients examined, whereas Troponin-I was only found to be positive in 56.7%.

Conclusion
The study's findings, indicated strong correlations between NLR and LVEF, indicated that NLR might serve as an early predictor of cardiac events which could be either poor prognosis or higher mortality. This research found that H-FABP may serve as an early MI diagnostic marker.
THE HISTORY OF CHATBOTS: FROM IDEA TO USE IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Freimanis Inga F. , Freimanis Dennis R. 
Published: May 2024

Objective. The study focuses how to explore the potential opportunities and benefits of using chatbots in applied psychology. To determine the best ways to integrate chatbots into existing psychological services and programmes. To analyse and review the literature to identify common trends and findings on the use of chatbots in psychological support. Systematising research in this area would help to understand the potential of chatbots, identify optimal strategies for their use and identify areas for further research into this technology.
Methodology. The systems thinking is the basis for the research. The main theoretical methods of research: analysis, synthesis, deduction. This article is a review of the history of the development of chatbots in applied psychology. It includes studies investigating the use of chatbots to promote psychological health.
Results. Research results promise relatively the practicality and safety of chatbots using to promote psychological health. But using them as a part of applied psychology should be done with extreme caution. These technologies can be termed experimental. Research in this area is insufficient, and it is mainly of a pilot nature.
Conclusion. Topics such as the effectiveness and especially the safety of chatbots in applied psychology should be an integral part of future basic psychology research programmes.
COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE PECULIARITIES OF FUTURE SOCIONOMIC SPECIALISTS
Authors: Makarenko Yuliya V. , Sivtseva Aleksadra S. , Braslavskaya Elena A. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose. To examine theoretically communicative competence features of future specialists of socionomic professions.
Materials and methods of research. Methodological ground of the study is the competence approach, in particular, communicative competence. The achievement of the goals set in the work was carried out on the basis of theoretical and methodological analysis, systematization and generalization of the scholarly literature directly relevant to the research problems.
Research results. The research found that the communicative competence is a phenomenon which includes knowledge about the rules of communication and natural processes of communication. It was revealed that such factors as higher nervous activity, interests, needs, specialist abilities, professional environment, and social experience can affect the level of communicative competence. In addition to that, its formation can occur both spontaneously, and via focused educational influence. Communicative competence is proved to be an integral component of the socionomic profession professiogram helping specialists to communicate with customers.
Further application of the obtained results. The results of the study can be applied in the field of higher education to train specialists of socionomic professions.
COVID-19 outcomes in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and risk factors: perspectives from a hospital in Ireland
Authors: McGuone Deirdre , Farrand Nicola , Prizeman Geraldine , O'Brien Frances 
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims COVID-19 has led to substantial changes in the provision of emergency healthcare services. International data suggest that COVID-19 is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to explore the association between pre-existing cardiovascular disease and/or cardiovascular risk factors and COVID-19 disease severity and outcomes in an Irish hospital. Methods This retrospective study obtained data from a bioresource database of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection (n=649) in a large hospital in Dublin. Data were collected on patients' demographic characteristics, cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular disease risk factors and medications taken for cardiovascular conditions. The World Health Organization progression scale was used to assess the severity of COVID-19 infection in each patient. Cross-tabulation analysis was used to analyse associations between variables, with a P value of ≤0.05 indicating significance. Results Mortality rates were six times greater in patients with cardiovascular disease compared to those without cardiovascular disease (18.6% vs 3.1%). A higher percentage of patients with one or more cardiovascular risk factors had moderate (53.4%) or severe (19.1%) COVID-19 and higher mortality rates (10.7%) than those without cardiovascular risk factors. Of the patients who died from COVID-19 (n=40), 60.0% (n=24) had one or more cardiovascular diseases, while 80.0% (n=32) had one or more cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions Existing cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors increase the risk of more severe disease and worse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Many cardiovascular risk factors are modifiable, so it is important to consider preventative education strategies designed to reduce modifiable risk factors to improve outcomes for patients with COVID-19.
The use of a convex light appliance and mouldable rings for patients with an ostomy and effluent leakage in the early postoperative period
Authors: Manuel Bona Sánchez , Victoria Alejandra López Callejón , Irene Oto Puyuelo , Mercedes Rubio Vázquez , Luisa Vázquez Burrero , Eduardo García Blázquez 
Published: May 2024

Background/aims: Patients with digestive ostomies frequently experience effluent leakage in the early postoperative period, leading to complications and reduced quality of life. The convex appliance and adaptable rings in ostomy (CONAN) study investigated a new combined treatment strategy for reducing leakage and improving patient satisfaction. Methods: This prospective, multicenter study involved 244 patients with digestive ostomies and early effluent leakage across 54 stoma units in Spain. Patients were treated with the CONAN strategy, using a light convex ostomy appliance (Easiflex Confort Convex Light) and a flexible ring (Brava moldable). Stoma care nurses collected data on leak episodes per day and patient satisfaction (0–10 scale) at baseline and 2–3 weeks post-discharge. Multivariate analysis identified patient characteristics associated with greater treatment benefit. Results: Patients experienced a significant reduction in mean leak episodes per day (3.4 ± 5.2 to 1.3 ± 2.3, p<.0001). Mean patient satisfaction significantly increased post-treatment (5.1 ± 2 to 7.2 ± 1.7, p<.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed the following factors were associated with high patient satisfaction (≥ 8 over 10): shorter hospital admission, programmed surgery (vs. emergency), closed ostomy appliance (vs. open) and multi-piece appliance systems. Conclusions: The CONAN strategy, combining a light convex ostomy appliance and flexible rings, effectively reduces leakage and improves satisfaction in patients with digestive ostomies and early effluent leakage. Patients with longer hospital stays, emergency ostomy surgery, open ostomy systems and single-piece appliances may benefit most from early intervention with this strategy.
Priority-weight-based computing and spectrum resource scheduling for dependent tasks in EON-supported computing first networks
Authors: Xin Jingjie , Li Xin , Zhang Lu , Zhang Yongjun , Huang Shanguo 
Published: May 2024

The computing first network (CFN) supported by the elastic optical network (EON) is proposed as an innovative information infrastructure, where end users can access computing resources on demand. However, since the link capacity is limited, the network capacity bottleneck may cause task offloading failures even with sufficient computing resources. This paper proposes a cost-efficient computing and spectrum resource scheduling scheme to solve the above problem. The goal is to determine offloading decisions for dependent tasks by minimizing the completion delay and the energy consumption on computing nodes powered by non-green energy (i.e., non-green energy consumption). A priority-weight-based computing and spectrum resource scheduling (PW-CSRS) algorithm is proposed, which can sort the execution order of sub-tasks and optimize computing node selection and spectrum allocation. PW-CSRS is compared with three benchmarks in the 52-node and 33-node systems, and simulation results show that PW-CSRS can effectively improve the acceptance ratio and reduce non-green energy consumption.
Vertical integration of KTN on SOI wafer
Authors: Chang Tzu-Yun , Ebert Martin , Zhang Weiwei , Thomson David 
Published: May 2024

Optical modulators play an important role in communication systems, and silicon has been a focal point in this field thanks to its compatibility with CMOS fabrication. However, silicon’s lack of inherent electro-optic behavior makes it suboptimal for modulation purposes. Conversely, potassium tantalate niobate (KTN) materials boast an improved electro-optic coefficient, presenting a path for improving modulation efficiency. However, limited research exists on KTN materials due to the difficulties associated with their fabrication. Here, a fabrication methodology is described for wafer-scale vertical integration of KTN material onto silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. The resulting devices exhibit a propagation loss of 3.3 dBmm1 and a transition loss within the range of 0.46 to 0.76 dB, which are in agreement with simulations. This method tackles the fabrication challenges and showcases the potential of utilising KTN as the integration material on silicon platform for future optical modulators.
Factors influencing referral to maternity models of care in Australian general practice
Authors: Thomas Jaime , Kuliukas Lesley , Frayne Jacqueline , Bradfield Zoe 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundIn the Australian maternity system, general practitioners play a vital role in advising and directing prospective parents to maternity models of care. Optimising model of care discussions and the decision-making process avoids misaligning women with over or under specialised care, reduces the potential for disruptive care transitions and unnecessary healthcare costs, and is critical in ensuring consumer satisfaction. Current literature overwhelmingly focusses on women’s decision-making around model of care discussions and neglects the gatekeeping role of the General Practitioner (GP). This study aimed to explore and describe the factors influencing Australian GPs decision-making when referring pregnant women to maternity models of care.MethodsThis study used a qualitative descriptive approach. General practitioners (N = 12) with experience referring women to maternity models of care in Australia participated in a semi-structured interview. Interviews occurred between October and November 2021 by telephone or videoconference. Reflexive thematic analysis was facilitated by NVivo-12 data management software to codify and interpret themes from the data.FindingsTwo broad themes were interpreted from the data. The first theme entitled ‘GP Factors’, incorporated three associated sub-themes including ‘1) GPs Previous Model of Care Experience’, ‘2) Gaps in GP Knowledge’ and ‘3) GP Perception of Models of Care’. The second theme, entitled ‘Woman’s Factors’, encapsulated two associated sub-themes including the ‘4) Woman’s Preferences’ and ‘5) Access to Models’.ConclusionsThis study provides novel evidence regarding general practitioner perspectives of the factors influencing model of care decision-making and referral. Predominant findings suggest that gaps in GP knowledge regarding the available models of care are present and are largely informed by prior personal and professional experience. Most GPs described referring to models of care they perceive positively and centring their model of care discussions on the woman’s preferences and accessibility. The exploration and description of factors influencing model of care decisions provide unique insight into the ways that all stakeholders can experience access to a broader range of models of care including midwifery-led continuity of care models aligned with consumer-demand. In addition, the role of national primary health networks is outlined as a means to achieving this.