bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Prostaglandin Biosynthesis with Flunixin Meglumine in the Bovine Species
Authors: Aiumlamai Suneerat , Odensvik Kristina , Stabenfeldt G. , Kindahl H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFlunixin meglumine (FM) was injected in 2 oophorectomized cows to follow changes in basal levels of the main circulating prostaglandin (PG)F2αmetabolite, 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2α. A rapid decrease in the levels was seen after FM and the effect was lasting for about 6 h. Thus, to obtain a full effect of the drug on prostaglandin synthesis it is recommended that FM should be injected 4 times daily. This concept was further studied in 3 cycling heifers which obtained FM 4 times daily from day 15 of the estrous cycle for 7 days (totally 28 injections). During the period of drug administration, prostaglandin metabolite levels were decreased and the expected pulsatile release seen during luteolysis was delayed. The pulsatile release started about one day after cessation of treatment and then luteolysis occurred. Progesterone levels were normal during the FM treatment and dropped concomitantly with the pulsatile release of PGF2α. The levels of progesterone decreased to low levels before the heifers showed signs of estrus and ovulated. The administration of FM causes a situation resembling that seen during early pregnancy and FM can be a useful tool in understanding the mechanism behind maternal recognition of pregnancy.ZusammenfassungBeeinflussung der Prostaglandin‐Biosynthese beim Rind durch Flunixin‐MegluminBei 2 ovariektomierten Kühen wurde nach Injektion von Flunixin‐Meglumin (FM) die Veränderungen des Plasmaspiegels des wichtigsten im Blut zirkulierenden Prostaglandin (PG)F2α‐Metaboliten 15‐Keto‐dihydro‐PGF2αverfolgt. Es wurde ein rascher Abfall des Plasmaspiegels beobachtet. Der Effekt hielt etwa 6 h an. Um einen vollen Effekt auf die Prostaglandinsynthese hervorzurufen, werden deshalb 4 FM‐Injektionen pro Tag vorgeschlagen. Dieses Konzept wurde an 3 Kalbinnen mit Zyklus überprüft. Ihnen wurde FM ab dem 15. Tag des Brunstzyklus 7 Tage lang viermal täglich injiziert (insgesamt 28 Injektionen). Während dieser Periode war der Plasmaspiegel der PG‐Metabolite erniedrigt. Die während der Luteolyse zu erwartende pulsatile Freisetzung war verzögert. Die pulsatile Freisetzung begann etwa einen Tag nach Beendigung der Behandlung. Daraufhin erfolgte die Luteolyse. Die Progesteronspiegel waren während der FM‐Behandlung normal. Sie fielen mit dem Beginn der pulsatilen PGF2α‐Freisetzung ab. Die Progesteronspiegel fielen auf niedrige Werte ab, bevor die Kalbinnen Brunstsymptome zeigten und ovulierten. Die Verabreichung von FM führt zu einer Situation, die derjenigen der frühen Trächtigkeit ähnelt. FM dürfte somit als Hilfsmittel für das Verständnis des für die maternale Erkennung der Trächtigkeit zuständigen Mechanismus geeignet sein.
Influence of Exogenous Estradiol on the Concentration of Antitrypsin, Albumin, N‐Acetyl‐pβ‐D‐Glucosaminidase and Somatic Cells in Milk of Cows at Various Lactation Stages
Authors: Saad A. M. , Kaartinen L. , åStröm G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEstradiol benzoate (0. 02mg/kg of body weight) was injected (i. m.) daily to 13 ovariectomized cows in their first or third lactations during early (60–90 days), mid (140–200 days) and late (240–300 days) lactation. The majority of the udder quarters were free of bacteria throughout the experiment. Signs of clinical mastitis were observed after 9–19 days of treatment in cows at mid and late lactation. This was accompanied by a decrease in milk yield, an increase in milk somatic cell count (MSCC) and increases in milk concentration of antitrypsin and serum albumin (as indicator of increased permeability); and milk NAGase activity (as indicator of epithelial cell damage or release of the enzyme from phagocytes). NAGase activity was first to increase and on some occasions was not accompanied by an increased MSCC. The response was either absent (first lactation) or relatively mild (third lactation) in cows at the early stages of lactation. The intensity of the inflammatory response increased with advancing lactation stage. Generally, the response of cows in the third lactation was greater than that of cows in the first lactation at a corresponding stage of lactation. Three cows which received the control treatment with vehicle alone showed no changes in any of the parameters except a slight decrease in antitrypsin. All inflammatory indicators correlated negatively with quarter milk production; milk NAGase activity was superior in this respect (r = ‐ 0. 75). All correlation coefficients were generally higher after, rather than before the hormone treatment.
Milk Temperature in the Claw Piece of the Milking Machine and Mammary Surface Temperature are Predictors of Internal Mammary Temperature in Goats1
Authors: Caruolo E. V. , Jarman R. F. , Dickey D. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMammary internal and surface temperatures and milk temperature were correlated using five lactating goats. Internal mammary temperature was estimated using temperature‐sensitive transmitters placed deep within the parenchyma of each mammary half. External mammary temperature was estimated using infrared thermography of four mammary skin sites: T1, teat end; T2, teat base; G1, about 20 mm above the teat base; and G2, about 20 mm ventral to the base of the gland deep to the thigh. The thermistor bead used for estimating milk temperature was placed in the claw piece where the short milk tube of the liner attaches. This placement minimized cooling effects of milk contact surfaces. The overall correlations of milk temperature with mammary temperatures ranged from 0. 45 to 0. 64. Correlations among the six paired values for the four external sites ranged from 0. 76 to 0. 92. Milk and surface temperatures, milking time, and milk weight were employed in various combinations as covariables; these were calculated within animal, within half. Milk temperature was the single most important predictor of internal mammary temperature in all models. Milk temperature alone or combined with covariables can be used to predict internal mammary temperature.
Clinical Signs and Performance of Pigs Treated with Different Doses of Carbadox, Cyadox and Olaquindox
Authors: Nabuurs M. J. A. , van der Molen E. J. , de Graaf G. J. , Jager L. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn experiment was designed to study the clinical effects of different levels of carbadox, cyadox and olaquindox in the ration on health, weekly weight gain and feed conversion in pigs. Four different carbadox and olaquindox (25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) levels and five different cyadox (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm) levels were tested in groups of 6 pigs during 6 weeks. The 13 groups were compared with a control group fed on the same diet with only vehicle.After one week the first clinical sign, a high faecal dry matter (FDM) content, was observed in the 200 ppm carbadox group, followed by the 100 and 50 ppm carbadox, the 400 and 100 ppm cyadox, and the 200 and 100 ppm olaquindox groups two weeks later. A second clinical sign, urine drinking from the floor or from pen‐mates, was observed in the same pens, occurring in the same sequence. The third important clinical sign, a decreased abdominal volume, was also observed in almost the same sequence, however, in the 50 ppm olaquindox and cyadox groups this clinical sign was not observed. Average weekly weight gain was significantly decreased in the higher carbadox and olaquindox groups. Weight gain was significantly increased in the 200 ppm cyadox group. Hematocrit values were significantly increased in the 200 and 100 ppm carbadox groups only.From this study one may conclude that, within the dosages used, carbadox is more harmful than olaquindox for pigs, and it seems that cyadox is harmless for pigs in dosages up to 400 ppm.
Non‐T, Non‐B Lymphoblastic Lymphoma in Two Pigs
Authors: Kadota K. , Nakajima H. , Hashimoto N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe histological, immunological and ultrastructural observations on two cases of non‐T, non‐B lymphoblastic lymphoma are reported. Although the neoplastic cells had neither sheep erythrocyte (E) receptors for T lymphocytes nor surface membrane immunoglobulin (SIg) for B lymphocytes, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was demonstrated in the nuclei of many or some neoplastic cells. Ultrastructurally the neoplastic cells showed no specific features except desmosome‐like junctions. The morphological and immunological findings suggest that the present cases are derived from immature lymphoid cells or stem cells of the bone marrow. The significance of the junctions is discussed and such structures may be common in various mesenchymal cells.ZusammenfassungNon‐T, non‐B‐Lymphoma Iymphoblastischen Ursprungs bei zwei SchweinenEs wird über histologische, immunologische und ultrastrukturelle Beobachtungen an zwei Fällen von non‐T, non‐B‐Lymphoma lymphoblastischen Ursprungs berichtet. Obwohl die neoplastischen Zellen weder Schaferythrozyten (E)‐Rezeptoren für T‐Lymphozyten noch oberflächliches Membran‐Immunglobulin (SIg) für B‐Lymphozyten aufwiesen, wurde terminale Deoxynucleotidyl‐Transferase (TdT) in den Nuclei vieler bzw. einiger neoplastischer Zellen nachgewiesen. Ultrastrukturell zeigten die neoplastischen Zellen, von Desmosom‐ähnlichen Verbindungen abgesehen, keine spezifischen Charakteristika. Die morphologischen und immunologischen Befunde lassen vermuten, dafi sich die vorgestellten Fälle von unreifen lymphoiden Zellen oder Stammzellen des Knochenmarks herleiten. Die Bedeutung der genannten Verbindungen wird diskutiert. Solche Strukturen könnten verschiedenen Mesenchymzellen gemeinsam sein.
The Effect of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Unvaccinated and Iscom‐Vaccinated Pregnant Ewes as Monitored by Plasma Levels of 15‐Ketodihydroprostaglandin F2α, Progesterone, and Oestrone Sulphate
Authors: Fredriksson G. , Buxton D. , Uggla A. , Kindahl H. , Edqvist L. ‐E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn order to study the effect of Toxoplasma infection on hormonal levels in pregnant ewes, twenty‐eight Scottish Blackface ewes were dosed orally with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts at 91 ± 1 days of gestation. Fifteen of these ewes were vaccinated with an experimental Toxoplasma iscom vaccine prior to inoculation. Further three ewes were used as non‐infected controls. All challenged ewes became infected. Plasma was analysed for the content of 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF2α progesterone and oestrone sulphate.The endocrinological changes appeared to reflect the pathological changes in the uterus. Infected animals tended to show an increase in the levels of the prostaglandin metabolite between two and eleven days after challenge, followed by a decrease in progesterone and later also of oestrone sulphate levels. Following the initial phase, the pattern was more variable but related to the outcome of gestation. There was a marked tendency towards more normal endocrinological patterns in the vaccinated animals in comparison to unvaccinated challenged ones.ZusammenfassungEinfluß der Toxoplasma gondii‐Infektion auf nicht vakzinierte und auf mit einer Iscom‐Vakzine vakzinierte trächtige Schafe Beurteilung mittels der Plasmaspiegel von 15‐Ketodihydroprostaglandin F2α Progesteron und ÖstronsulfatZur Prüfung des Effektes einer Toxoplasma‐Infektion auf Hormonspiegel bei trächtigen Schafen wurden 28 Schafen, die 91 ± 1 Tage trächtig waren, Toxoplasma gondii‐Oozyten verabreicht. Fünfzehn dieser Schafe waren vor der Inokulation mit einer Toxoplasma‐Iscom‐Vakzine behandelt worden. Weitere drei Schafe wurden als nicht‐infizierte Kontrolltiere verwendet. Alle Tiere, denen Oozyten verabreicht worden waren, wurden infiziert. Die Plasmaspiegel von 15‐Ketodihydro‐PGF2α, Progesteron und Östronsulfat wurden bestimmt. Die endokrinologischen Veränderungen schienen die pathologischen Veränderungen am Uterus widerzuspiegeln. Bei den infizierten Tieren deutete sich zwischen zwei und elf Tagen nach der Inokulation ein Anstieg der Plasmakonzentration des Prostaglandinmetaboliten an. Darauf folgte ein Abfall des Progesteronspiegels und verzögert des Östronsulfatspiegels. Im Anschluß an diese initiale Phase war das Reaktionsmuster variabler und vom Ausgang der Trächtigkeit abhängig. Bei den vakzinierten Tieren zeichnete sich im Vergleich zu den nicht vakzinierten infizierten Tieren eine deutliche Tendenz zu einem „normaleren” endokrinen Muster ab.
A Clinical and Endocrine Study on the Effect of Orally Administered Bacterial Endotoxin in Adult Pigs and Goats
Authors: Cort N. , Fredriksson G. , Kindahl H. , Edqvist L. ‐E. , Rylander R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEndotoxin of Gram‐negative bacteria was orally administered in 5 female pigs and 8 male goats. Two of the gilts were pregnant. A solution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Enterobacter agglomerans was mixed into the feed ration of the pigs (40 mg/animal), and given by gastric tube into the rumen of the goats (1–20 mg/animal). Jugular venous blood was collected and clinical signs, rectal temperature and WBC counts were recorded for 12–24 hours. Plasma concentrations of the major plasma metabolite of PGF2α15‐keto‐13,14‐dihydro‐PGF2αwere determined in both species, progesterone concentration only in pigs.The pigs showed slight to severe signs of endotoxemia. Increases in rectal temperature and levels of the PGF2αmetabolite occurred in 3 gilts. Progesterone level and the total WBC counts remained unchanged. Differential counts followed irregular patterns mostly within the normal range. The goats showed slight signs of discomfort. Temperature increased in one animal. No other parameters were altered after the intake of LPS. The observations in pigs indicate that endotoxin either penetrated the intestinal barrier causing systemic endotoxemia or induced inflammatory reactions in the intestine activating inflammatory mediators.
Estudio Comparativo de dos Tipos Diferentes de Implantes Dentarios en Perros. Estudio Experimental
Authors: Sanromán F. , Montolio J. , Llorens M. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryComparison of two dental implants in dogs. An Experimental StudyMandibular incisors were taken out in 13 adult dogs. Twenty days after the extraction, two implants either of titanium or hydroxylapatite were placed in a second operation.The clinical, pathological and radiological results suggest that metallic implants produce fibrous tissue around the implant. In most cases, fibrous tissue does not ossify and this facilitates the formation of a malunion and the mobilization of the implant. However, the results with hydroxylapatite implants appear to be satisfactory due to the formation of an osseous tissue mandibular bone. This tissue prevents the mobilization of the implant allowing support to a dental protheses.ResumenTrece caninos adultos fueron desdentados en la arcada incisiva inferior. Transcurridos 20 dias se les colocó dos implantes de hidroxiapatita o de titanio.Tras la obtención de los resultados clínicos, radiológicos y anatomopatológicos, se puede concluir que los implantes metálicos, producen un tejido fibroso perimplante, que la mayoria de las veces no osifica y que facilita la movilización de los implantes, en cambio los resultados con los implantes de hidroxiapatita (D. A. C.) son óptimos, debido a la creación de un tejido de soldadura implante hueso mandibular. Este tejido especializado impide la movilización del implante y lo une fuertemente al hueso mandibular, permitiendo de esa forma el soporte de la futura prótesis dentaria.
Immunological Induction of Endometritis‐Model Investigations in Cows*
Authors: Kluciński W. , Targowski S. P. , Winnicka A. , Miernik‐Degórska E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe course of the inflammatory reaction in the uterus after local or systemic administration of specific or non‐specific antigens was studied. The study was carried out on 40 cows, 10–11 weeks after labour and between 6 and 8 days after ovulation.A specific cell‐mediated type of reaction was induced by intrauterine challenge with PPD in cows previously vaccinated with M. bovis subcutaneously or by intrauterine administration.A specific inflammatory process of the type of Arthus reaction was induced by intrauterine challenge with C. fetus ssp. veneralis in animals immunized with these bacteria subcutaneously or by intrauterine instillation of these bacteria.A non‐specific inflammatory process in the uterus was initiated by one instillation of lipopoly‐saccharide (LPS) into the left uterine horn.The cells were washed out from the uterus before and 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after initiation of the specific or non‐specific inflammatory process. The per cent proportions of various cell types were determined. It was demonstrated that intrauterine instillation of specific or non‐specific antigens in cows caused a significant rise in PMNs per cent in relation to the control group.
Pharmacokinetics of Neomycin in Sheep after Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous and Intratracheal Administration
Authors: Errecalde J. O. , Lanusse C. E. , Landoni M. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of neomycin in sheep were investigated following intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intratracheal administration of 10mg/kg. A rapid distribution phase (t 1/2α, 3.16 min) was followed by a slower elimination phase (t 1/2β, 1.98h). The apparent volume of distribution was 304.69ml/kg. Absorption half‐lives were 18.62, 21.22 and 40.83 min and elimination half‐lives 2.68, 2.82 and 2.55h after IM, SC and IT administration, respectively. Bioavailabilities between 0.74 and 0.85 were obtained for the three routes of administration. Based on the bioavailability and disposition kinetics of neomycin, a twice daily IM dosage regimen should both be practical and adequate to maintain plasma neomycin concentrations within the pharmacologically active but nontoxic range.
Haloperidol as a Pre‐Medicant for Thiopental Anaesthesia in the Dog
Authors: Sobti V. K. , Singh Khushpalinder , Bansal P. S. , Singh Narinder , Rathor S. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHaloperidol was administered intravenously at the dose rate of 0.87mg/kg body weight five minutes prior to thiopental anaesthesia in 5 clinically healthy dogs, aged 10–12 months and weighing 11.5 ± 0.96 kg. Animals required only 4.36 ± 0.24 ml of the 5% thiopental sodium to achieve surgical anaesthesia which lasted for 37.5 ± 4.3 minutes. There was adequate muscle relaxation and loss of pedal and palpebral reflexes during thiopental anaesthesia. Five minutes after administration of haloperidol, there was no appreciable change in the various cardiopulmonary dynamics with the exception of a hypocapnoea and a mild hypotension. During thiopentone anaesthesia, a mild hypotension and arterial hypoxemia was evident. This combination of anaesthesia was also employed in 14 clinical cases varying from fractures of long bones (4), mammary tumours (3), ear haematoma (4), venereal granuloma (2) and abdominal hernia (1). The combination proved extremely useful for orthopaedic surgery as the muscle relaxation was adequate and the reduction of the fractured ends was relatively easy.
Chemiluminescence and Chemotaxis Assay of Porcine Polymorphonuclear Cells A Methodological Study
Authors: Thoren‐Tolling Kerstin 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA Boyden‐Chamber technique for leukocyte migration was adapted to a polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell concentration of 5 times 106cells/ml as an optimal amount of cells for the leading front technique. Casein (0.1%) is so far the most effective chemotactic substance for porcine granulocytes. A formylpeptid, FMLP (in concentrations of 10−2to 10−10mmol/l), does not stimulate migration in porcine granulocytes when compared to random migration. For the chemiluminescence assay a concentration of 5 times 106PMN cells/ml buffer is needed to obtain optimal conditions in pig granulocytes. Moreover the chemiluminescence should be performed within a standardized interval after the isolation of leukocytes since the cell activity declines rapidly after the isolation. The chemiluminescence and migration assays were standardized at 37°C; the activity of the granulocytes did not show any significant variation within a temperature interval of 37–39°C, whereas temperatures below 37°C significantly reduce the granulocytic activity.
The Role of Hypoxia in the Hyperglycaemic Effect of Xylazine in Sheep
Authors: Raptopoulos D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryXylazine (0. 2 mg/kg, i. v.) was administered to sheep breathing room air (group X) or oxygen (group XO). Xylazine induced a rise in serum glucose concentration which, following a sharp increase in the first 30 minutes, remained at similar high levels (about 165% of the pre‐injection value) for another 2. 5 hours. Arterial PCO2was slightly increased and reached a significant level at 5 and 15 minutes following xylazine injection in group X. In group XO, at all sampling times after the injection, PaCO2showed a similar pattern of increase, although the effect was not significant. Arterial PO2was decreased significantly for at least 60 minutes. Hypoxia by itself can induce hyperglycaemia, but its prevention by administering oxygen did not alter the hyperglycaemic effect of xylazine. It was concluded that the hypoxia following administration of xylazine was not severe enough to produce a rise in catecholamine concentrations eliciting hyperglycaemia.
A Field Study of Post‐Exercise Values of Blood Biochemical Constituents in Jumping Horses: Relationship with Score, Individual and Event
Authors: Art T. , Desmecht D. , Amory H. , Delogne O. , Buchet M. , Leroy P. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe variability of the post‐exercise values (PEV) of blood lactate and of some other blood constituents were studied in 8 healthy and fit jumpers through 5 national competitions of equal difficulty. The effects of factors such as the individual, performance and competition on these PEV were analysed.Venous blood was sampled immediately after the 5 show‐jumping contests and was analysed for packed cell volume (PCV), blood lactate, blood glucose (GLU), total plasma protein (TPP), bicarbonate (HCO3−), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (γGT). PEV of these 13 blood parameters were analysed using a fixed linear model which included the effect of horse, score and competition and their respective interactions.The analysis of the influence of each of the 3 fixed variables showed that (1) there was no relationship between the PEV variations and the score; (2) there were significant (P < 0. 05) variations induced by the competition in Na+, Ca2+, TPP, LDH and GLU, and (3) there were significant interindividual variations as regards Ca2+, TPP, CPK, γGT and PCV with P < 0. 05, LDH with P < 0. 01 and blood lactate with P < 0. 001.This wide variability of PEV between individuals led us to conclude that the use of the PEV of some blood parameters in the medical follow‐up of jumping horses in field conditions necessitates not only regular blood analyses immediately after standardized exercises, but also that the PEV relating to each horse should be compared to each other and not to mean values.