bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of papillae and rostral sensory neurons in the larva of the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri (Tunicata)
Authors: Caicci Federico , Zaniolo Giovanna , Burighel Paolo , Degasperi Valentina , Gasparini Fabio , Manni Lucia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDuring the metamorphosis of tunicate ascidians, the swimming larva uses its three anterior papillae to detect the substrate for settlement, reabsorbs its chordate‐like tail, and becomes a sessile oozooid. In view of the crucial role played by the anterior structures and their nerve relations, we applied electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry to study the larva of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri, following differentiation of the anterior epidermis during late embryogenesis, the larval stage, and the onset of metamorphosis. Rudiments of the papillae appear in the early tail‐bud stage as ectodermic protrusions, the apexes of which differentiate into central and peripheral bipolar neurons. Axons fasciculate into two nerves direct to the brain. Distally, the long, rod‐like dendritic terminations extend during the larval stage, becoming exposed to sea water. After the larva selects and adheres to the substrate, these neurons retract and regress. Adjacent to the papillae, other scattered neurons insinuate dendrites into the tunic and form the net of rostral trunk epidermal neurons (RTENs) which fasciculate together with the papillary neurons. Our data indicate that the papillae are simple and coniform, the papillary neurons are mechanoreceptors, and the RTENs are chemoreceptors. The interpapillary epidermal area, by means of an apocrine secretion, provides sticky material for temporary adhesion of the larva to the substrate. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:547–566, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic development of the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Bickford Martha E. , Slusarczyk Arkadiusz , Dilger Emily K. , Krahe Thomas E. , Kucuk Can , Guido William 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the mouse has emerged as a model system in the study of thalamic circuit development. However, there is still a lack of information regarding how and when various types of retinal and nonretinal synapses develop. We examined the synaptic organization of the developing mouse dLGN in the common pigmented C57/BL6 strain, by recording the synaptic responses evoked by electrical stimulation of optic tract axons, and by investigating the ultrastructure of identified synapses. At early postnatal ages (<P12), optic tract evoked responses were primarily excitatory. The full complement of inhibitory responses did not emerge until after eye opening (>P14), when optic tract stimulation routinely evoked an excitatory postsynaptic potential/inhibitory postsynaptic potential (EPSP/IPSP) sequence, with the latter having both a GABAA and GABAB component. Electrophysiological and ultrastructural observations were consistent. At P7, many synapses were present, but synaptic profiles lacked the ultrastructural features characteristic of the adult dLGN, and little γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) could be detected by using immunocytochemical techniques. In contrast, by P14, GABA staining was robust, mature synaptic profiles of retinal and nonretinal origin were easily distinguished, and the size and proportion of synaptic contacts were similar to those of the adult. The emergence of nonretinal synapses coincides with pruning of retinogeniculate connections, and the transition of retinal activity from spontaneous to visually driven. These results indicate that the synaptic architecture of the mouse dLGN is similar to that of other higher mammals, and thus provides further support for its use as a model system for visual system development. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:622–635, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrasonic Spectrometry of Aqueous Solutions of Alkyl Maltosides: Kinetics of Micelle Formation and Head‐Group Isomerization
Authors: Haller Julian , Kaatze Udo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAt frequencies between 100 kHz and 400 MHz, ultrasonic attenuation spectra are measured at 25 °C for aqueous solutions of hexyl‐, heptyl‐, octyl‐, nonyl‐, and decyl‐β‐D‐maltopyranoside as well as of decyl‐α‐D‐maltopyranoside. The spectra with surfactant concentrationcabove the relevant critical micelle concentration (cmc) display three relaxation terms with discrete relaxation times. That with a relaxation time between 0.1 and 1.2 μs is due to exchange of monomers between micelles and the suspending phase. It is discussed in the light of the Teubner–Kahlweit–Aniansson–Wall model of the formation/decay kinetics of systems with Gaussian size distribution of micelles. The relaxation parameters are compared to those for solutions of other non‐ionic surfactants, such as alkyl monoglycosides and poly(ethylene glycol) monoalkyl ethers. Atc<cmc this low‐frequency relaxation term is missing and atc≈cmc it is broadened, as is characteristic of solutions of oligomeric molecular structures rather than proper micelles. The relaxation terms with relaxation times between 6 and 15 ns and 0.7 and 2.3 ns reveal head‐group rotations around glycosidic angles and isomerization of the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group, respectively. These unimolecular reactions are also examined with a view to solutions of alkyl monoglycosides as well as of glucose and maltose.
Photoactive Nanostructures of Polypyrrole
Authors: Ruderer Matthias A. , Hirzinger Matthias , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe creation of nanostructures of the photoactive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) on glass substrates with the spin‐coating method is described. No additional post‐production treatment is necessary to obtain uniformly distributed photoactive nanostructures on macroscopically scaled substrates. Based on X‐ray reflectivity measurements, the critical solution concentration of PPy below which these nanostructures develop is determined. The PPy nanostructures are displayed with atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, which prove that the nanostructures form directly on the substrate. With UV/Vis spectroscopy the absorption behavior of the nanostructures is probed in comparison to PPy films and PPy solutions. A linear dependence of the absorption of the nanostructure on the surface coverage measured with AFM is detected. The influence of confinement on the conjugation length results in a modified absorption behavior of the nanostructures.
Structural, microchemical and superconducting properties of ultrathin NbN films on silicon
Authors: Schneider R. , Freitag B. , Gerthsen D. , Ilin K. S. , Siegel M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractStructural, chemical and superconducting properties of thin NbN films used for development of fast and sensitive hot‐electron bolometer (HEB) detectors for wide spectra range are reported. The thin NbN films with a thickness between 4 and 10 nm were deposited on the (001)Si substrates by magnetron sputtering. In order to investigate the film morphology and microchemistry, diffraction‐contrast and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with scanning TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were performed. In addition, the zero‐resistance critical temperature of the NbN films was measured and correlated to their thickness. The interrelations between fabrication conditions, crystalline and superconducting properties of the differently thick NbN films are discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ASC/SIL ratio for cytotechnologists: A survey of its utility in clinical practice
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Auger Manon , Birdsong George , Cibas Edmund S. , Henry Michael , Hughes Jonathan H. , Moriarty Ann , Tench William , Wilbur David C. , Elsheikh Tarik M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe atypical squamous cell to squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC/SIL) ratio for cytotechnologists (CTs) may correlate with screening sensitivity in some laboratory settings. Whether this ratio can be applied to other laboratory settings is not known. We conducted a survey of nine cytology laboratories and correlated the ASC/SIL ratio of individual CTs with other laboratory characteristics.The ASC/SIL ratio for individual CTs varied from 0.6 to 4.5 (mean: 1.9, median: 1.5). The ASC/SIL ratio within individual laboratories varied up to 567%; 25/78 (32%) CTs had an ASC/SIL ratio of less than 1.5, though only three of nine laboratories had more than one CT with a ratio this low. Laboratories that used 100% location guided screening (ThinPrep Imaging System) were much less likely to have a CT with a ratio <1.5 (1/20, 5%) than laboratories that never used location guided screening (14/34, 42%; P = 0.004). In addition, the normalized variance of these same laboratories that used location guided screening was significantly lower than those that did not (normalized standard deviation 0.32 vs. 0.55, P = 0.004). The ASC/SIL ratios did not correlate with laboratory volume, individual workload, or type of specimen preparation (conventional vs. liquid based).The ASC/SIL ratio for CTs varies widely between and within laboratories, and may correlate with the use of location guided screening. Very low ASC/SIL ratios are unusual, and CTs with low ratios may warrant further evaluation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytomorphologic features of primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the psoas muscle: A case report and literature review
Authors: Recavarren Rosemary A. , Yang Jack 
Published: September 2009

AbstractKi‐1 (CD30) positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an uncommon malignancy, which may present with nodal as well as extra‐nodal disease. Primary skeletal muscle Ki‐1 (CD30) positive ALCL is an even rarer event with few cases reported in the literature and only some with published cytomorphologic features. An 83‐year‐old woman underwent a fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a psoas muscle mass. Smears demonstrated a predominantly discohesive population of large pleomorphic cells. The nuclei were hypechromatic and lobulated, with often multinucleation. Nucleoli were prominent in a subset of cells. Cytoplasmic vacuolization was also present. No lymphoglandular bodies were identified. A cytodiagnosis of malignant cells favoring metastatic melanoma vs. poorly differentiated carcinoma was rendered. Morphologic and immunohistochemical features later revealed a primary psoas muscle Ki‐1 (CD30) positive ALCL with negative staining for anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase (ALK). Cytologic features of ALCL mimic epithelial neoplasms, sarcomas, melanoma and other lymphomas. Although rare, ALCL should be a diagnostic consideration when discohesive pleomorphic malignant cells are encountered on FNA of a muscle neoplasm. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tips and tricks for understanding and using SR results—no 1: Relative risk, risk difference, and number needed to treat
Authors: Kremer Leontien , Moyer Virginia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEvidence‐Based Child Health publishes articles intended to help readers understand the results of systematic reviews and to translate those results to clinical practise. An adequate understanding how to use estimates of effects reported in Cochrane systematic reviews is important for clinicians and patients who are involved in clinical decisions about treatment in children. In this issue, we are reprinting the first instalment of Tips and Tricks, originally published in Volume 1, Issue 1, of Evidence‐Based Child Health to re‐address the concepts of relative risk, risk difference and number needed to treat. The information for the tips and tricks in this article is based on earlier papers, the Cochrane Handbook, and the collective experience of the editors in teaching evidence‐based medicine.1,2 Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Structural and Near‐IR Luminescent Properties of Erbium‐Containing Coordination Polymers
Authors: Haquin Victor , Gumy Frédéric , Daiguebonne Carole , Bünzli Jean‐Claude , Guillou Olivier 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe near‐IR luminescence properties of two ErIII‐containing coordination polymers, namely, [Er(btc)(H2O)5·3.5H2O]∞ [(btc)3– = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate] and [Er2(bdc)3(H2O)4]∞ [(bdc)2– = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate] were investigated with the aim of testing their potential use as optical materials. Because both present relatively small quantum yields and short excited‐state lifetimes, factors influencing their luminescent properties were deciphered in an effort to improve their luminescent properties. Thus, three other families of compounds were also investigated: (i) the two corresponding dehydrated compounds with respective chemical formula [Er(btc)] and [Er2(bdc)3]∞ for evaluating the importance of O–H vibrators, (ii) the heterodinuclear compounds [Er2–2xY2x(bdc)3(H2O)4]∞ (x = 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 0.9) for estimating the role of intermetallic quenching and (iii) the heterodinuclear compounds [Er2–2xYb2x(bdc)3(H2O)4]∞ (x = 0.2 and 0.5) for checking whether YbIII‐sensitized up‐conversion can be induced or not. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Chiral Water‐Soluble Perylenediimides
Authors: Schmidt Cordula D. , Böttcher Christoph , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFor the first time the synthesis of covalently linked very water‐soluble chiral perylenediimides (PDIs) is presented. The PDIs carry the amino acids alanine or lysine as imide substituents, respectively, which are coupled to Newkome‐type dendrimers acting as hydrophilic groups. The tert‐butyl‐protected precursors 5 as well as its water‐soluble free acid compounds 6 were investigated by absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Except for the sterically most crowded 2nd generation alanine compounds 5f and 6f all chiral dyes show bisignate CD effects which indicate helical aggregation. The 1st generation alanine compound 6b shows the greatest CD effects in buffer solution and its aggregation behaviour was also directly proven by the use of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the formation of chiral superstructures of 6b was found to be pH‐ and concentration‐dependent. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Golden is the sand: Memory and hope in evaluation policy and evaluation practice
Authors: Datta Lois‐ellin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGoing from thought to action in influencing evaluation policy is an overdue, untried, and perhaps anxious‐making role for the American Evaluation Association. We will need good courage, sustained conversation, and the widest views. The courage is needed in remembering that although this isn't going to be fast or easy, evaluation policies make a big enough difference to be worth a big effort. Sustained conversation is needed to find the common ground that exists in practice, while perhaps trying a little benign neglect of the diversity that exists in theoretical stances. Widest views that include in‐depth understanding of globalization and other broad changes are needed so our policies can be appropriate for the half‐century ahead, rather than the 50 years past. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical study on heavy rigid particle motion in a plane wake flow by spectral element method
Authors: Wu Zuo‐Bing 
Published: September 2009

AbstractExperimental particle dispersion patterns in a plane wake flow at a high Reynolds number have been predicted numerically by discrete vortex method (Phys. Fluids A 1992; 4:2244–2251; Int. J. Multiphase Flow 2000; 26:1583–1607). To address the particle motion at a moderate Reynolds number, spectral element method is employed to provide an instantaneous wake flow field for particle dynamics equations, which are solved to make a detail classification of the patterns in relation to the Stokes and Froude numbers. It is found that particle motion features only depend on the Stokes number at a high Froude number and depend on both numbers at a low Froude number. A ratio of the Stokes number to squared Froude number is introduced and threshold values of this parameter are evaluated that delineate the different regions of particle behavior. The parameter describes approximately the gravitational settling velocity divided by the characteristic velocity of wake flow. In order to present effects of particle density but preserve rigid sphere, hollow sphere particle dynamics in the plane wake flow is investigated. The evolution of hollow particle motion patterns for the increase of equivalent particle density corresponds to that of solid particle motion patterns for the decrease of particle size. Although the thresholds change a little, the parameter can still make a good qualitative classification of particle motion patterns as the inner diameter changes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mn‐Stabilised Microstructure and Performance of Pd‐impregnated YSZ Cathode for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Liang F. L. , Chen J. , Jiang S. P. , Wang F. Z. , Chi B. , Pu J. , Jian Li 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe effect of Mn alloying on PdO powder and Pd‐impregnated Pd + YSZ cathode for the O2 reduction reaction in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells has been studied in detail. The microstructure, thermal stability, electrochemical activity and performance stability of the powder and cathode were analysed using thermal gravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that an addition of 5 mol.‐% Mn effectively inhibits the growth and coalescence of Pd and PdO particles at high temperatures and stabilises the microstructure of the powders and the electrode; as a consequence, the electrochemical performance and stability of the cathode are significantly improved. The electrochemical performance of the Pd + YSZ and Pd0.95Mn0.05 + YSZ cathodes so prepared is much better than that of the conventional LSM‐based cathodes and is also comparable with the mixed ionic and electronic conducting oxide cathodes such as LSCF.
LPXN, a member of the paxillin superfamily, is fused to RUNX1 in an acute myeloid leukemia patient with a t(11;21)(q12;q22) translocation
Authors: Dai Hai‐Ping , Xue Yong‐Quan , Zhou Jian‐Wei , Li Ai‐Ping , Wu Ya‐Fang , Pan Jin‐Lan , Wang Yong , Zhang Jun 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRUNX1 (previously AML1) is involved in multiple recurrent chromosomal rearrangements in hematological malignances. Recently, we identified a novel fusion between RUNX1 and LPXN from an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient with t(11;21)(q12;q22). This translocation generated four RUNX1/LPXN and one LPXN/RUNX1 chimeric transcripts. Two representative RUNX1/LPXN fusion proteins, RL and RLs, were both found to localize in the nucleus and could bring the CBFB protein into the nucleus like the wild‐type RUNX1. Both fusion proteins inhibit the ability of RUNX1 to transactivate the CSF1R promoter, probably through competition for its target sequences. Unlike RL and RLs, the LPXN/RUNX1 fusion protein LR was found to localize in the cytoplasm. Thus, we believe it has little impact on the transcriptional activity of RUNX1. We also found that fusion proteins RL, RLs, LR, and wild‐type LPXN could confer NIH3T3 cells with malignant transformation characteristics such as more rapid growth, the ability to form colonies in soft agar, and the ability to form solid tumors in the subcutaneous tissue of the BALB/c nude mice. Taken together, our data indicated that the RUNX1/LPXN and LPXN/RUNX1 fusion proteins may play important roles in leukemogenesis and that deregulation of cell adhesion pathways may be pathogenetically important in AML. Our study also suggests that LPXN may play an important role in carcinogenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
WTX inactivation is a frequent, but late event in Wilms tumors without apparent clinical impact
Authors: Wegert Jenny , Wittmann Stefanie , Leuschner Ivo , Geissinger Eva , Graf Norbert , Gessler Manfred 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWilms tumor (WT) is one of the most common solid tumors in childhood. Mutations in WT1 and CTNNB1 are well established as causal alterations in about 10–15% of cases. Recently, WTX (WT gene on the X‐chromosome), a gene implicated in WNT signaling, has been identified as a third WT gene. We determined the mutation status of WTX, CTNNB1, and WT1 in a large set of 429 tumors. Genomic WTX alterations were identified in 17% of WTs, equally distributed between males and females. Analysis of 104 WT samples for WTX point mutations revealed a rate of only 2%. An additional 11.5% of tumor samples lacked expression of WTX mRNA. These WTX alterations can occur in parallel to WT1 or CTNNB1 mutations. However, we could not find a significant correlation between WTX deletion status or expression level and clinical parameters suggesting that WTX mutations apparently have little direct impact on tumor behavior and presentation. Incomplete deletions of WTX in several cases suggested heterogeneity in tumors. In a small number of cases, we could analyze separate tumor fragments or microdissected regions with different histology of tumors with heterozygous point mutations. Despite complete allele losses at other sites in the genome, we detected varying degrees of WTX mutation. This suggests that WTX alteration is not an essential and early mutation needed to drive tumorigenesis, but rather a later event that may affect only a fraction of cells with unclear clinical relevance. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotyping of 73 UM‐SCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Brenner J. Chad , Graham Martin P. , Kumar Bhavna , Saunders Lindsay M. , Kupfer Robbi , Lyons Robert H. , Bradford Carol R. , Carey Thomas E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground.We established multiple University of Michigan Squamous Cell Carcinoma (UM‐SCC) cell lines. With time, these have been distributed to other labs all over the world. Recent scientific discussions have noted the need to confirm the origin and identity of cell lines in grant proposals and journal articles. We genotyped the UM‐SCC cell lines in our collection to confirm their unique identity.Method.Early‐passage UM‐SCC cell lines were genotyped and photographed.Results.Thus far, 73 unique head and neck UM‐SCC cell lines (from 65 donors, including 21 lines from 17 females) were genotyped. In 7 cases, separate cell lines were established from the same donor.Conclusions.These results will be posted on the UM Head and Neck SPORE Tissue Core website for other investigators to confirm that the UM‐SCC cells used in their laboratories have the correct features. Publications using UM‐SCC cell lines should confirm the genotype. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010