bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Thyroid Neoplasms
Authors: Lang Brian Hung-Hin , Law Tsz Ting 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate and apply evidence regarding the use of FDG-PET scans in patients with thyroid nodules.Identify differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients who could benefit from FDG-PET scanning.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has established itself as an important imaging modality in many oncological and nononcological specialties and, as a consequence, it is increasingly being used in clinical practice. Since the first report of FDG being taken up by metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) cells &gt;20 years ago, various groups of investigators have explored the potential role of FDG-PET scanning in patients with benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. With the increasing demand for FDG-PET scanning, clinicians are faced with the challenge of managing an increasing number of FDG-PET–detected thyroid incidentalomas because their significance remains unclear. The aims of this review are to address some of these issues, specifically, the clinical significance of FDG-PET–detected thyroid incidentalomas, the ability of FDG-PET to characterize thyroid nodules, especially those with indeterminate fine needle aspiration cytology results, and the role of FDG-PET in patients with confirmed primary DTC and with suspected recurrent DTC, by reviewing the current literature.
Impact of Individual-, Environmental-, and Policy-Level Factors on Health Care Utilization Among US Farmworkers
Authors: Hoerster Katherine D. , Mayer Joni A. , Gabbard Susan , Kronick Richard G. , Roesch Scott C. , Malcarne Vanessa L. , Zuniga Maria L. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives. We examined individual-, environmental-, and policy-level correlates of US farmworker health care utilization, guided by the behavioral model for vulnerable populations and the ecological model. Methods. The 2006 and 2007 administrations of the National Agricultural Workers Survey (n = 2884) provided the primary data. Geographic information systems, the 2005 Uniform Data System, and rurality and border proximity indices provided environmental variables. To identify factors associated with health care use, we performed logistic regression using weighted hierarchical linear modeling. Results. Approximately half (55.3%) of farmworkers utilized US health care in the previous 2 years. Several factors were independently associated with use at the individual level (gender, immigration and migrant status, English proficiency, transportation access, health status, and non-US health care utilization), the environmental level (proximity to US–Mexico border), and the policy level (insurance status and workplace payment structure). County Federally Qualified Health Center resources were not independently associated. Conclusions. We identified farmworkers at greatest risk for poor access. We made recommendations for change to farmworker health care access at all 3 levels of influence, emphasizing Federally Qualified Health Center service delivery.
African American Women's Lifetime Upward Economic Mobility and Preterm Birth: The Effect of Fetal Programming
Authors: Collins James W. , Rankin Kristin M. , David Richard J. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives. We investigated whether African American mothers’ upward economic mobility across the life course and having been of low birth weight are associated with the preterm birth of their children. Methods. We performed stratified and multilevel logistic regression analyses on an Illinois transgenerational data set of African American infants (born 1989–1991) and their mothers (n = 11 265; born 1956–1976) with appended US Census income information. Results. African American mothers with a lifelong residence in impoverished neighborhoods had a preterm birthrate of 18.7%. African American mothers with early life impoverishment who experienced low, modest, or high upward economic mobility by adulthood had lower preterm birthrates of 16.0% (rate ratio [RR] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8, 0.9), 15.2% (RR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.7, 0.9), and 12.4% (RR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.6, 0.8), respectively. In multilevel logistic regression models of former low birth weight and non–low birth weight mothers aged 20 to 35 years, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of preterm birth for those who experienced high upward economic mobility (vs those with lifelong impoverishment) was 0.9 (0.5-1.6) and 0.7 (0.5-0.9), respectively. Conclusions. African American mother's upward economic mobility from early life impoverishment is associated with a decreased risk of preterm birth. However, consistent with fetal programming, this phenomenon fails to occur among mothers born at low birth weight.
The Social Marketing of Safety Behaviors: A Quasi–Randomized Controlled Trial of Tractor Retrofitting Incentives
Authors: Sorensen Julie A. , Jenkins Paul L. , Emmelin Maria , Stenlund Hans , Weinehall Lars , Earle-Richardson Giulia B. , May John J. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives. We assessed the effect of social marketing incentives on dispositions toward retrofitting and retrofitting behavior among farmers whose tractors lacked rollover protective structures. Methods. From 2006 to 2007, we conducted a quasi–randomized controlled trial with 391 farm owners in New York and Pennsylvania surveyed before and after exposure to 1 of 3 tractor retrofitting incentive combinations. These combinations were offered in 3 trial regions; region 1 received rebates; region 2 received rebates, messages, and promotion and was considered the social marketing region; and region 3 received messages and promotion. A fourth region served as a control. Results. The social marketing region generated the greatest increases in readiness to retrofit, intentions to retrofit, and message recall. In addition, postintervention stage of change, intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control levels were higher among farmers who had retrofitted tractors. Conclusions. Our results showed that a social marketing approach (financial incentives, tailored messages, and promotion) had the greatest influence on message recall, readiness to retrofit tractors, and intentions to retrofit tractors and that behavioral measures were fairly good predictors of tractor retrofitting behaviors.
Effects of Carbohydrate Counting on Glucose Control and Quality of Life Over 24 Weeks in Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Laurenzi Andrea , Bolla Andrea M. , Panigoni Gabriella , Doria Valentina , Uccellatore AnnaChiara , Peretti Elena , Saibene Alessandro , Galimberti Gabriella , Bosi Emanuele , Scavini Marina 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
Few studies have assessed the efficacy of carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes, and none have validated its efficacy in patients who are treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The aim of our study was to test the effect of carbohydrate counting on glycemic control and quality of life in adult patients with type 1 diabetes who are receiving CSII.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sixty-one adult patients with type 1 diabetes treated with CSII were randomly assigned to either learning carbohydrate counting (intervention) or estimating pre-meal insulin dose in the usual empirical way (control). At baseline and 12 and 24 weeks, we measured HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, BMI, waist circumference, recorded daily insulin dose, and capillary glucose data, and administered the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale (DSQOLS) questionnaire.

RESULTS
Intention-to-treat analysis showed improvement of the DSQOLS score related to diet restrictions (week 24 – baseline difference, P = 0.008) and reduction of BMI (P = 0.003) and waist circumference (P = 0.002) in the intervention group compared with control subjects. No changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, daily insulin dose, and hypoglycemic episodes (&lt;2.8 mmol/L) were observed. Per-protocol analysis, including only patients who continuously used carbohydrate counting and CSII during the study, confirmed improvement of the DSQOLS score and reduction of BMI and waist circumference, and showed a significant reduction of HbA1c (−0.35% vs. control subjects, P = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Among adult patients with type 1 diabetes treated with CSII, carbohydrate counting is safe and improves quality of life, reduces BMI and waist circumference, and, in per-protocol analysis, reduces HbA1c.
Diabetes and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Xu Qun , Park Yikyung , Huang Xuemei , Hollenbeck Albert , Blair Aaron , Schatzkin Arthur , Chen Honglei 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between diabetes and future risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) among older U.S. adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A prospective study of self-reported diabetes in 1995 and 1996 in relation to PD diagnosed after 1995 among 288,662 participants of the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were derived from logistic regression models.

RESULTS
A total of 1,565 participants with PD diagnosed after 1995 were included in the analysis. After adjustment for potential confounders, PD risk was ∼40% higher (OR = 1.41 [95% CI 1.20–1.66]) among diabetic patients than among participants without diabetes. Further analysis showed that the risk elevation was largely limited to individuals who had diabetes for more than 10 years at the time of baseline survey (1.75 [1.36–2.25]). The association with diabetes was seen for both participants with PD diagnosed between 1995 and 1999 and participants with PD diagnosed after 2000. In addition, similar results were obtained after excluding participants with stroke, heart disease, cancers, or poor or fair health status and in subgroup analyses by age, sex, smoking status, and coffee consumption.

CONCLUSIONS
This large study showed that diabetes was associated with a higher future risk of PD and the nature of this association warrants further investigation.
Relationship Between Neck Circumference and Cardiometabolic Parameters in HIV-Infected and non–HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Fitch Kathleen V. , Stanley Takara L. , Looby Sara E. , Rope Alison M. , Grinspoon Steven K. 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVEUpper body fat is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. More recently, neck circumference (NC) and/or neck fat have been associated with hyperlipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis, and hypertension. The objective of this study was to determine whether this relationship is evident in HIV-infected individuals, who often exhibit changes in relative fat distribution, and to determine whether NC is independently associated with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in HIV and non–HIV-infected patients.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSBody composition, including anthropometrics, visceral adipose tissue assessment by CT, and metabolic parameters, including lipids, cIMT, and oral glucose tolerance test, were measured in 174 men and women with HIV infection and 154 non–HIV-infected subjects. NC was measured in triplicate inferior to the laryngeal prominence.RESULTSIn univariate analysis, NC was significantly and positively related to blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, glucose, and insulin and significantly and negatively related to HDL cholesterol in HIV-infected individuals and HIV-negative control subjects. NC was significantly associated with cIMT in univariate regression analysis among HIV-infected (r = 0.21, P = 0.006) and non–HIV-infected (r = 0.31, P = 0.0001) patients. This relationship remained significant among non–HIV-infected patients (R2 = 0.45, P &lt; 0.001) but not HIV-infected patients in multivariate modeling controlling for age, sex, race, smoking hypertension, glucose, and lipids.CONCLUSIONSAmong both HIV and non–HIV-infected patients, increased NC is strongly associated with decreased HDL and impaired glucose homeostasis. Among non–HIV-infected subjects, NC also predicts increased cIMT when controlling for traditional risk factors.
Effect of Specific Host Body Pigmentation on the Number and Species Composition of the Parasites of Golden Specimen of Cod Gadus Morhua L. From the Svålbard Area
Authors: Więcaszek Beata , Sobecka Ewa 
Published: March 2011

Effect of Specific Host Body Pigmentation on the Number and Species Composition of the Parasites of Golden Specimen of CodGadus MorhuaL. From the Svålbard AreaParasitological examination was carried out on a single specimen of the northeast Atlantic codGadus morhua morhuaL., of the unusual golden pigmentation, described for the first time in literature. It was collected together with commercially caught cod of typical colouration in the Svålbard Bank area. Only few endoparasites were found. The golden cod individual hosted five species of parasites: four species of nematodes (Anisakidae) and one of acanthocephalan (Echinorhynchidae). The species composition of parasites was probably affected by the specific golden skin pigmentation of the host.
Periodic structures of Great Lakes levels using wavelet analysis
Authors: Cengiz Taner 
Published: March 2011

Periodic structures of Great Lakes levels using wavelet analysisThe recently advanced approach of wavelet transforms is applied to the analysis of lake levels. The aim of this study is to investigate the variability of lake levels in four lakes in the Great Lakes region where the method of continuous wavelet transform and global spectra are used. The analysis of lake-level variations in the time-scale domain incorporates the method of continuous wavelet transform and the global spectrum. Four lake levels, Lake Erie, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, and Lake Superior in the Great Lakes region were selected for the analysis. Monthly lake level records at selected locations were analyzed by wavelet transform for the period 1919 to 2004. The periodic structures of the Great Lakes levels revealed a spectrum between the 1-year and 43- year scale level. It is found that major lake levels periodicities are generally the annual cycle. Lake Michigan levels show different periodicities from Lake Erie and Lake Superior and Lake Ontario levels. Lake Michigan showed generally long-term (more than 10 years) periodicities. It was shown that the Michigan Lake shows much stronger influences of inter-annual atmospheric variability than the other three lakes. The other result was that some interesting correlations between global spectrums of the lake levels from the same climatic region were found.
Description of Latvian Metal Production and Processing Enterprises' Air Emissions
Authors: Pubule Jelena , Zahare Dace , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: March 2011

Description of Latvian Metal Production and Processing Enterprises' Air Emissions
The metal production and processing sector in Latvia has acquired a stable position in the national economy. Smelting of ferrous and nonferrous metals, production of metalware, galvanisation, etc. are developed in Latvia. The metal production and processing sector has an impact on air quality due to polluting substances which are released in the air from metal treatment processes. Therefore it is necessary to determine the total volume of emissions produced by the metal production and processing sector in Latvia. This article deals with the air polluting emissions of the Latvian metal production and processing industry, and sets the optimum sector emission volumes using the emissions benchmark methodology.
Application of The Torsion Test in Calculating The Extrusion Force
Authors: Pernis R. , Bidulská J. , Kvačarkaj T. , Pokorný I. 
Published: March 2011

Application of The Torsion Test in Calculating The Extrusion ForceThe paper deals with the calculation of the extrusion force using the results of the torsion test of aluminium alloy EN AW-2014. The mathematical model for the calculation of the extrusion force requires the knowledge of the functional relationship between the yield stress and the temperature, the deformation and the deformation rate. Based on the proposed mathematical model for the calculation of the yield stress, the functional relationship was derived to determine the extrusion force in the hot extrusion of semi-products of aluminium alloy EN AW-2014.
The Domain Structure of Die-Upset Anisotropic Magnet Based On Nd-(Fe, Co)-B Alloy
Authors: Płusa D. , Dośpial M. , Derewnicka-Krawczyńska D. , Wieczorek P. , Kotlarczyk U. 
Published: March 2011

The Domain Structure of Die-Upset Anisotropic Magnet Based On Nd-(Fe, Co)-B Alloy
The measurements of the recoil curves for the die-upset Nd-(Fe, Co)-B based magnets from different points on the magnetization and demagnetization curves have been carried out by means of the LakeShore vibrating sample magnetometer in an applied magnetic fields up to 2 T. From the recoil curves the so-called Wohlfarth's remanence relationship has been derived. From this it was deduced that the magnetic interaction existing between the magnet grains has a dipolar nature. The existence of the magnetic interaction has been confirmed by magnetic domain observations by using the magnetic force microscopy (MFM). In the area of interaction domains there is the fine scale magnetic contrast resulting from the dipolar interaction between neighboring grains.
Epilithic diatoms (Bacillariophycae) from streams in Ramsar, Iran
Authors: Soltanpour-Gargari Ali , Lodenius Martin , Hinz Friedel 
Published: March 2011

Epilithic diatoms (Bacillariophycae) from streams in Ramsar, Iran
Epilithic diatoms were identified from five small streams and one canal in Ramsar, northwest Iran. Atotal of 155 diatom taxa belonging to 37 genera were found and only two species remained unidentified (Fragilaria sp. and Nitzschia sp.). Achnanthes, Nitzschia, Navicula, Cocconeis, Melosira, Amphora, Craticula, Diatoma, Surirella, Cymbella, Diploneis and Entomoneis were among the most abundant genera. Eighty seven taxa were recorded for the first time in Iran. Thirty two of the genera belong to the Pennales and 5 to the Centrales. Species richness was rather high ranging from 66 to 95 taxa at the six sites studied. The epilithic diatom species found in Ramsar were dominated by cosmopolitan taxa found in meso- to fairly eutrophicwaters with high conductivity and high nutrient concentrations. The abundances found at all six sites were compiled in order to estimate the overall abundance of each taxon in Ramsar. This study includes EM pictures of diatoms observed in Ramsar, Iran.
Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. lithophila (Schischk.) Tutin (Apiaceae), a new taxon in Croatian flora
Authors: Bogdanović Sandro , Ruščić Mirko 
Published: March 2011

Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. lithophila (Schischk.) Tutin (Apiaceae), a new taxon in Croatian flora
A new member of the Croatian flora, Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. lithophila (Schischk.) Tutin (Apiaceae), was found on the island of Vis in the Central Adriatic. It grows on the calcareous rocky coast near the sea and is a member of a halophilous community within the Crithmo-Limonion Br.-Bl. et Molinier 1934 alliance. Morphological similarities within the Pimpinella tragium group are briefly discussed. A determination key is given for all Croatian Pimpinella taxa.
Comparative effects of 4-Cl-IAA and kinetin on photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)
Authors: Shah Shoukat 
Published: March 2011

Comparative effects of 4-Cl-IAA and kinetin on photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and yield of black cumin (Nigella sativaL.)The leaves of 40-day old plants of black cumin (Nigella sativaL.) were sprayed with 10-7, 10-6, 10-5M 4-Cl-IAA, and 10-6, 10-5and 10-4M kinetin. Both the hormones improved vegetative growth, photosynthetic efficiency and seed yield of the test plants as compared to deionized water (control). However, 10-6M4-Cl-IAA was most prominent in its effect, generating 42, 30, 40, 41 and 51% higher values for carbonic anhydrase, nitrate reductase, net photosynthetic rate, leaf protein content and dry mass respectively, as compared to the control in 70-day old plants. Similarly, capsule number and seed yield per plant were elevated by 41 and 43% over the untreated control at harvest (130 days after sowing) following the same treatment. Overall, the auxin showed a higher efficiency than kinetin in all treatment concentrations.
Contribution to the Investigation of Surface Roughness Models of Grinded Plasma-Jet Sprayed Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Lipa Zdenko , Peterka Jozef , Pokorný Peter , Václav Štefan , Buranský Ivan 
Published: March 2011

Contribution to the Investigation of Surface Roughness Models of Grinded Plasma-Jet Sprayed Ceramic Coatings
Ceramic coatings acquired by plasma-jet spraying are considerably rough and inaccurate as for dimensions. To achieve a smooth and accurate surface, it is necessary to shape them and improve their technological properties. The surface roughness is one of these properties.
Role of Process Models in Safety Management
Authors: Rusko Miroslav , Procházková Dana 
Published: March 2011

Role of Process Models in Safety Management
Management is a type of human activity that establishes and ensures the system functions. The process models and project models are currently used for management support. Main aim of the process model is to describe the possible development tendencies as a consequence of certain phenomenon and to define functions and role of functions. The process models enable to compile procedures and scenarios for the situations that have similar features. They are suitable for planning, response and renovation. In this paper, we present the risk management model used at present in professional practice, two simple models from daily practice and the evaluation of process models for crisis management.
Singularly Perturbed Linear Neumann Problem with the Characteristic Roots on the Imaginary Axis
Authors: Vaculíková Ľudmila , Liška Vladimír 
Published: March 2011

Singularly Perturbed Linear Neumann Problem with the Characteristic Roots on the Imaginary Axis
We investigate the problem of existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions for the singularly perturbed linear Neumann problem <img src="/fulltext-image.asp?format=htmlnonpaginated&src=C6551P41673P4147_html\Journal10186_Volume18_Issue28_20_paper.gif" alt=""/> Our approach relies on the analysis of integral equation equivalent to the problem above.
Possibilities of Utilizing the Method of Analytical Hierarchy Process Within the Strategy of Corporate Social Business
Authors: Drieniková Katarína , Hrdinová Gabriela , Naňo Tomáš , Sakál Peter 
Published: March 2011

Possibilities of Utilizing the Method of Analytical Hierarchy Process Within the Strategy of Corporate Social Business
The paper deals with the analysis of the theory of corporate social responsibility, risk management and the exact method of analytic hierarchic process that is used in the decision-making processes. The Chapters 2 and 3 focus on presentation of the experience with the application of the method in formulating the stakeholders' strategic goals within the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and simultaneously its utilization in minimizing the environmental risks. The major benefit of this paper is the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).
The Environmental Impacts of Fire-Fighting Foams
Authors: Tureková Ivana , Balog Karol 
Published: March 2011

The Environmental Impacts of Fire-Fighting Foams
Extinguishing foams are commonly used for extinguishing the fire of flammable liquids, whereby their insulating, choking and quenching effects are exploited. The purpose of the paper is to consider and compare the foams currently used in fire departments, regarding mainly their high extinguishing effect (capability of faster aborted burning on the large surface at low foam consumption), but also their impact on the environment in each stage of their life cycle.