bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVIEWS
Authors: MATSUDA PAUL KEI 
Published: October 2010

Book reviewed in this article:TESOL Quarterly welcomes evaluative reviews of publications relevant to TESOL professionals. In addition to textbooks and reference materials, these include computer and video software, testing instruments, and other forums of nonprint materials.English as a Lingua Franca: A Corpus‐Based Analysis Luke ProdromouCultural Globalization and Language Education B. KumaravadiveluLanguage Teacher Identities: Co‐Constructing Discourse and Community Matthew Clarke
Fibrous Composites With Anisotropic Distribution of Mechanical Properties After Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Aligned Electrospun Fibers
Authors: Chen Jiangang , Li Xiaohong , Cui Wenguo , Xie Chengying , Zou Jie , Zou Bin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNanofibers and composite nanofibers have been used as mechanical reinforcement in a bulk matrix, but there is little research done on bulk nanocomposites made out of nanofibers. In the current study, in situ grown composite fibers of poly(DL‐lactide) (PDLLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were obtained with uniaxial distribution, which were deposited by layer‐by‐layer with different interlayer angles, and hot‐pressed into fibrous composites with anisotropic distribution of mechanical properties. Composite fibrous mats with the HA loading of 25.2 ± 2.1% and orientation degree of 75.4 ± 3.6% were obtained. Orthogonal experiments design was employed to qualitatively analyze effects of the hot‐pressing parameters on the mechanical properties. The holding temperature, pressure, and duration were optimized as 60 °C, 2 MPa, and 10 min, respectively, to maintain the fibrous structure, strengthen the interfiber bondings, and eliminate the dimensional shrinkage of the hot‐pressed fibrous composites. The ultimate tensile strength along the axial direction was 36.2 ± 2.2 MPa, which was significantly higher than that along the transverse direction. Furthermore, the aligned composite fibers were deposited by layer‐by‐layer with different interlayer angles, and the quantitative equations of the ultimate tensile strength along the axial and transverse directions were drafted as a function of the interlayer deposition angles. The results of cell culture indicated that the presence of HA nanoparticles in the fibrous composites improved the hydrophilicity and provided favorable conditions for cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. It is suggested that hot‐pressed fibrous composites with anisotropic distribution of mechanical properties be potential as bone substitutes and repairing devices.
Switchable Adhesion on Liquid/Solid Interfaces
Authors: Liu Mingjie , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractConstruction and application of surfaces with switchable liquid–solid adhesion have generated worldwide interest during the past a few years. These surfaces are of great importance not only for fundamental research but for various practical applications in smart and fluid‐controllable devices. This Feature Article reviews several techniques that have been developed to switch the adhesion on liquid/solid interfaces, including tuning the surface chemical composition, tailoring the surface morphology, and applying external stimuli. Particular attention is paid to superhydrophobic surfaces with reversible switching between low‐ and high‐adhesion to water droplets in response to external stimuli. The dynamic behavior of water droplets on such surfaces can be controlled ranging from rolling to pinning state, while maintaining superhydrophobic states. In addition, smart adhesion in oil/water/solid system and platelet/water/solid system are also discussed, which is of importants for application in designing novel anti‐bioadhesion materials.
Green process for methacrolein separation with ionic liquids in the production of methyl methacrylate
Authors: Yan Ruiyi , Li Zengxi , Diao Yanyan , Fu Chao , Wang Hui , Li Chunshan , Chen Qiong , Zhang Xiangping , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeparation of methacrolein (MAL) is a critical technique for the production of methyl methacrylate, which is an important raw material for the preparation of acrylic resins applied in a variety of end‐uses. In this work, an azeotropic distillation process and an ionic liquid (IL) green process were developed for the separation of MAL with BmimBF4. The two processes were simulated with Aspen plus. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results which were attained in a pilot plant. Also the economic and green degree analysis of these two processes was investigated. When compared with the azeotropic distillation process, the IL green process exhibits economic superiority and green degree superiority. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Fluidization of mixtures of two solids differing in density or size
Authors: Formisani B. , Girimonte R. , Vivacqua V. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe complex mechanism by which homogeneous mixtures of two solids achieve fluidization is subjected to theoretical analysis, to elaborate relationships capable to provide their “initial” and “final fluidization velocity” uif and uff, i.e., the limits that encompass the suspension process. The article shows how the equation that describes the force equilibrium of fluidization can be rewritten in forms that account for the distribution of the components of density‐ or size segregating mixtures during the transition to the fluidized state. This approach leads to the theoretical expression of uif and uff of either type of system, whose differences of behavior are correctly reproduced by accounting for the voidage reduction typical of beds of particles of different size. The comparison with experimental results at varying mixture composition demonstrates that the equations give a coherent interpretation of the dependence of the fluidization velocity interval of two‐solid mixtures on the principal variables of interest. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Mixing of dense binary suspensions: Multi‐component hydrodynamics and spatial phase distribution by PEPT
Authors: Guida Antonio , Nienow Alvin W. , Barigou Mostafa 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe three‐component flow field and spatial phase distribution of binary mixtures of glass particles suspended in water in a stirred vessel have been resolved using positron emission particle tracking (PEPT). The Lagrangian flow data provided by the technique have been converted to give a detailed Eulerian description of each of the three phase components of the flow generated by a pitched blade turbine. For the first time, it has been possible to determine the full 3D velocity and concentration fields of the liquid phase and both the solid components within opaque dense slurries of this type containing up to 40 wt % solids. Spatial distributions of local time‐averaged slip velocity have also been obtained for each solid component showing wide variations. The detailed PEPT measurements have enabled the solids mass balance and the mass continuity of the three phase components to be accurately verified throughout the vessel. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Design of formulated products: A systematic methodology
Authors: Conte Elisa , Gani Rafiqul , Ng Ka Ming 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn chemical product design one tries to find a product which exhibits the desired (target) behavior specified a priori. The identity of the ingredients of chemical‐based products maybe unknown at the start, but some of their desired qualities and functions are usually known. A systematic model‐based computer‐aided methodology for design and verification of a class of chemical‐based products (liquid formulations) is presented. This methodology is part of an integrated three‐stage approach for design/verification of liquid formulations where stage‐1 generates a list of feasible product candidates and/or verifies a specified set through a sequence of predefined activities (work‐flow). Stage‐2 and stage‐3 (not presented here) deal with the planning and execution of experiments, for product validation. Four case studies have been developed to test the methodology. The computer‐aided design (stage‐1) of a paint formulation and an insect repellent lotion are presented. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
The homology of defective crystal lattices and the continuum limit
Authors: Delphenich D.H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe problem of extending fields that are defined on lattices to fields defined on the continua that they become in the continuum limit is basically one of continuous extension from the 0‐skeleton of a simplicial complex to its higher‐dimensional skeletons. If the lattice in question has defects, as well as the order parameter space of the field, then this process might be obstructed by characteristic cohomology classes on the lattice with values in the homotopy groups of the order parameter space. The examples from solid‐state physics that are discussed are quantum spin fields on planar lattices with point defects or orientable space lattices, vorticial flows or director fields on lattices with dislocations or disclinations, and monopole fields on lattices with point defects.
Studying the pulverization mechanism of rubber with a modified design of the solid‐state shear extrusion process
Authors: Chaubey Trapti , Arastoopour Hamid 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWaste rubber cannot be reprocessed by melting because of its three‐dimensionally crosslinked molecular structure. Mechanical size reduction is the most common method for recycling and reusing waste rubber. The modified solid‐state shear extrusion (SSSE) process developed at the Illinois Institute of Technology was used for mechanical size reduction of rubber in a continuous process. In this work, an extended screw was used in conjunction with the original design of the SSSE apparatus to achieve greater rubber pulverization with a higher throughput rate and lower power consumption. The operating conditions of the modified SSSE apparatus were optimized to produce finer rubber particles that could be further used in a wide variety of applications. Controlling the residence time of rubber particles inside the pulverization section was crucial for producing a fine powder without agglomeration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of dextrin‐grafted polypropylene
Authors: Kaur Inderjeet , Khanna N. Deepika 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe carried out the graft copolymerization of the water‐soluble natural polymer dextrin onto preirradiated polypropylene (PP) in an aqueous medium using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the radical initiator. PP was irradiated by γ rays from a Co60 source at a constant dose rate of 3.40 kGy/h to introduce hydroperoxide linkages, which served as the sites for grafting. The graft copolymerization was studied as a function of different reaction parameters, and the maximum percentage grafting (Pg; 55%) of dextrin onto PP was obtained at optimum conditions of [BPO] = 5.165 × 10−2 mol/L, temperature = 60°C in 120 min with 15 mL of water. Different grafting parameters, such as the percentage apparent grafting, percentage grafting, and percentage true grafting have been evaluated. The graft copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Swelling studies were carried out in pure, binary, ternary, and quaternary solvent systems composed of water, ethanol (EtOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at different ratios. The maximum swelling percentage PP‐g‐dextrin (both composite and true graft) was observed in pure DMSO and DMF followed by EtOH and water. Water‐retention studies of PP and PP‐g‐dextrin (both composite and true graft) were investigated at different time periods, temperatures, and pH values. The maximum percentage water retention of PP‐g‐dextrin (composite, 124%) was observed at 8 h and 50°C in a neutral medium (pH 7). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation of nano‐zinc oxide/EPDM composites with both good thermal conductivity and mechanical properties
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Lu Yonglai , Liu Jun , Dang Zhimin , Zhang Liqun , Wang Weimin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this article, nano‐zinc oxide (ZnO) filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites are prepared, and the mechanical (static and dynamic) properties and thermal conductivity are investigated respectively, which are further compared with the traditional reinforcing fillers, such as carbon black and nano‐silica. Furthermore, influence of in‐situ modification (mixing operation assisted by silane at high temperature for a certain time) with the silane‐coupling agent Bis‐(3‐thiethoxy silylpropyl)‐tetrasufide (Si69) on the nano‐ZnO filled composites is as well investigated. The results indicate that this novel reinforcing filler nano‐ZnO can not only perform well in reinforcing EPDM but can also improve the thermal conductivity significantly. In‐situ modification with Si69 can enhance the interfacial interaction between nano‐ZnO particles and rubber matrix remarkably, and therefore contribute to the better dispersion of filler. As a result, the mechanical properties and the dynamic heat build‐up of the nano‐ZnO filled composites are improved obviously by in‐situ modification, without influencing the thermal conductivity. In comparison with traditioanl reinforcing fillers, in‐situ modified nano‐ZnO filled composites exhibit the excellent performance in both mechanical (static and dynamic) properties and better thermal conductivity. In general, our work indicates that nano‐ZnO, as the novel thermal conductive reinforcing filler, is suitable to prepare elastomer products serving in dynamic conditions, with the longer expected service life. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Peas starch‐based film coatings for site‐specific drug delivery to the colon
Authors: Karrout Y. , Neut C. , Wils D. , Siepmann F. , Deremaux L. , Flament M. P. , Dubreuil L. , Desreumaux P. , Siepmann J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPeas starch : ethylcellulose‐based film coatings are proposed allowing for site‐specific drug delivery to the colon of inflammatory bowel disease patients. The film coatings are poorly permeable for 5‐aminosalicylic acid in media simulating the contents of the stomach and small intestine. Thus, they can minimize premature drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract and subsequent absorption into the blood stream. However, once the colon is reached, drug release sets on and is time controlled. This can be attributed to the partial degradation of the peas starch by enzymes secreted by bacteria, which are preferentially present in the colon. Thus, the drug is released at the site of action, which is likely to minimize undesired side effects in the healthy part of the human body and to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment. A blend ratio of 1 : 4 peas starch : ethylcellulose and a coating level of 15% (w/w) seem to be optimal for pellet coating. Importantly, the polymeric films can be expected to withstand the mechanical stress encountered in vivo because of the motility of the stomach and small intestine. Furthermore, the systems are long‐term stable: drug release from coated pellets remains unaltered during 1‐year open storage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Immunonutrition in gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Cerantola Y , Hübner M , Grass F , Demartines N , Schäfer M 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery are at increased risk of developing complications. The use of immunonutrition (IN) in such patients is not widespread because the available data are heterogeneous, and some show contradictory results with regard to complications, mortality and length of hospital stay.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1985 and September 2009 that assessed the clinical impact of perioperative enteral IN in major gastrointestinal elective surgery were included in a meta-analysis.

Results
Twenty-one RCTs enrolling a total of 2730 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Twelve were considered as high-quality studies. The included studies showed significant heterogeneity with respect to patients, control groups, timing and duration of IN, which limited group analysis. IN significantly reduced overall complications when used before surgery (odds ratio (OR) 0·48, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·34 to 0·69), both before and after operation (OR 0·39, 0·28 to 0·54) or after surgery (OR 0·46, 0·25 to 0·84). For these three timings of IN administration, ORs of postoperative infection were 0·36 (0·24 to 0·56), 0·41 (0·28 to 0·58) and 0·53 (0·40 to 0·71) respectively. Use of IN led to a shorter hospital stay: mean difference − 2·12 (95 per cent c.i. − 2·97 to − 1·26) days. Beneficial effects of IN were confirmed when low-quality trials were excluded. Perioperative IN had no influence on mortality (OR 0·90, 0·46 to 1·76).

Conclusion
Perioperative enteral IN decreases morbidity and hospital stay but not mortality after major gastrointestinal surgery; its routine use can be recommended.
Physiological assessment of renal artery stenosis: Comparisons of resting with hyperemic renal pressure measurements
Authors: Kapoor Nikhil , Fahsah Ibrahim , Karim Rehan , Jevans Anthony J. , Leesar Massoud A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectives: We compared resting and hyperemic pressure gradients induced by intrarenal papaverine for the assessment of renal artery stenosis (RAS). We also investigated the incidence of the QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias. Background: In the coronary circulation, maximal hyperemia is essential in determining the significance of a stenosis. In the renal circulation, the role of maximal hyperemia for the assessment of RAS has not been established. Methods: In 55 patients with RAS (67 RAS), resting Pd/Pa ratio (the ratio between distal renal pressure to the aortic pressure), renal fractional flow reserve (FFR), and resting and hyperemic systolic gradients (RSG and HSG, respectively) were measured with a pressure guidewire. In a subset of 16 patients, renal vein renin activity (RVRA) was measured. Results: HSG was significantly greater than RSG (20 ± 14 mm Hg vs. 9.0 ± 13 mm Hg, respectively; P < 0.001). Renal FFR was significantly lower than baseline Pd/Pa ratio (0.91 ± 0.06 vs. 0.94 ± 0.06 vs. respectively; P < 0.001). RVRA increased from 50 ± 66% at rest to 122 ± 112% at hyperemia, P < 0.01. At HSG of 21 mm Hg or renal FFR of 0.90, RVRA increased markedly (120%), but RVRA increased modestly (18%) when RSG was 16 mm Hg or resting Pd/Pa ratio was 0.93. The corrected QT intervals at baseline vs. hyperemia were not significantly different (433 ± 26 vs. 436 ± 25 msec, respectively; P = NS); no episodes of ventricular arrhythmias were noted. Conclusions: Renin production, an index of renal ischemia, was markedly greater at hyperemia than at rest, suggesting that RAS, with either an HSG of 21 mm Hg or a renal FFR of 0.90, can be considered a hemodynamically significant stenosis. Intrarenal papaverine neither prolonged the QT interval nor induced ventricular arrhythmias and the safety of which will need to be corroborated in a large study. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Figulla PFO occluder versus Amplatzer PFO occluder for percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale
Authors: Saguner Ardan M. , Wahl Andreas , Praz Fabien , de Marchi Stefano F. , Mattle Heinrich P. , Cook Stéphane , Windecker Stephan , Meier Bernhard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been shown safe and feasible using several devices. The Occlutech Figulla single layer PFO Occluder (FPO) constitutes an alternative to the Amplatzer PFO Occluder (APFO). Objectives: We report our experience with both devices in a single‐center case–control study. Methods: Twenty patients undergoing percutaneous PFO closure using an FPO for secondary prevention of paradoxical embolism or diving were blindly matched with 20 patients receiving an APFO during the same time period. Contrast transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed 6 months after device implantation to assess for residual shunting and device‐associated thrombus. Results: Patient baseline characteristics were well matched by study design. Procedural success was 95% with FPO vs. 100% for APFO (P = 1.0), with 3 (15%) peri‐procedural complications with FPO vs. none with APFO (P = 0.24). These comprised one asymptomatic device embolization in the descending aorta with percutaneous retrieval, one transient ischemic attacks, and one suspected device endocarditis. Contrast TEE at 6 months showed significantly more residual shunts in the FPO‐group (39% vs. 0%; P = 0.01). Two FPO patients with a moderate residual shunt underwent implantation of a second device (APFO 25 mm) vs. none in the APFO group (P = 0.48). No thrombi were observed in either group. During 1.7 ± 0.7 years of follow‐up, no death or recurrent embolic event occurred. Conclusions: According to this single‐center case–control study, PFO closure with the FPO appears less efficacious than with the APFO. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overview and Industrial Assessment of Synthesis Strategies towards Zeolites with Mesopores
Authors: Chal Robin , Gérardin Corine , Bulut Metin , van Donk Sander 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWith the necessity for the refining industry to treat heavier feedstocks, there is a clear demand for improved zeolite materials displaying better accessible surface areas and higher pore volumes in order to capitalize on their effectiveness. To this end, over the last decade, there has been an intensification of research on the exploration of new routes to synthesize zeolite materials combining micropores with mesopores. Different synthesis strategies are used for their preparation (i.e., by structure breaking or so‐called ‘destructive’ pathways, or structure building or so‐called ‘constructive’ synthesis pathways). This Review discusses the variety of current synthesis strategies, while emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses of the different routes regarding material characteristics; health, safety, and environment aspects; and synthesis costs.
Catalytic Transformation of Ethanol with Silicalite‐1: Influence of Pretreatments and Conditions on Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Della Pina Cristina , Falletta Ermelinda , Gervasini Antonella , Teles J. Henrique , Rossi Michele 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSilicalite‐1 undergoes a reversible cycle of acid activation and base deactivation when employed as a catalyst for the vapor‐phase dehydration of ethanol at 230–300 °C. In particular, a pretreatment with aqueous HCl strongly promotes the production of diethyl ether at lower temperatures (230–270 °C) or ethene at higher temperature (300 °C). The activated catalyst becomes completely inactive upon addition of aqueous potassium acetate, whereas the catalytic effect is restored by repeating the acid treatment. Moreover, the reversible exchange of H+ with K+, introduced as KCl salt, in HCl‐activated silicalite causes the suppression of the catalytic activity. Several analytical techniques, as the acidic sites characterization, surface area‐porosity determination and electron microscopy images were unable to display surface modifications responsible for the important catalytic effect induced by HCl treatment. It is proposed that HCl treatment allows the formation of protonated and neutral chemical groups, such as SiOSi surface bridges, behaving as active sites for ethanol dehydration. On the surface of the catalyst, K+ competes with H+ and strongly inhibits alcohol dehydration.