bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous Copper Metal Catalyst in Click Chemistry: Nanoporosity‐Dependent Activity without Supports and Bases
Authors: Jin Tienan , Yan Mei , Menggenbateer  , Minato Taketoshi , Bao Ming , Yamamoto Yoshinori 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNanoporous copper (CuNPore) catalysts with tunable nanoporosity were fabricated from Cu30Mn70 alloy by controlling the de‐alloying temperature under free corrosion conditions. The tunable nanoporosity of CuNPore led to a significant enhancement of catalytic activity in click chemistry without using any supports and bases. Characterization of CuNPore surface, high reusability, leaching experiment, and formation of nanostructured copper acetylide revealed that the click reaction occurred at the catalyst surface.
Association of SNPs linked to increased expression of SLC1A1 with schizophrenia
Authors: Horiuchi Yasue , Iida Syuhei , Koga Minori , Ishiguro Hiroki , Iijima Yoshimi , Inada Toshiya , Watanabe Yuichiro , Someya Toshiyuki , Ujike Hiroshi , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio , Kunugi Hiroshi , Tochigi Mamoru , Itokawa Masanari , Arai Makoto , Niizato Kazuhiro , Iritani Shuji , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Nawa Hiroyuki , Arinami Tadao 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGlutamate is one of the key molecules involved in signal transduction in the brain, and dysfunction of glutamate signaling could be linked to schizophrenia. The SLC1A1 gene located at 9p24 encodes the glutamate transporter EAAT3/EAAC1. To investigate the association between the SLC1A1 gene and schizophrenia in the Japanese population, we genotyped 19 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in the SLC1A1 gene in 576 unrelated individuals with schizophrenia and 576 control subjects followed by replication in an independent case–control study of 1,344 individuals with schizophrenia and 1,344 control subjects. In addition, we determined the boundaries of the copy number variation (CNV) region in the first intron (Database of Genomic Variants, chr9:4516796‐4520549) and directly genotyped the CNV because of significant deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The CNV was not associated with schizophrenia. Four SNPs showed a possible association with schizophrenia in the screening subjects and the associations were replicated in the same direction (nominal allelic P < 0.05), and, among them, an association with rs7022369 was replicated even after Bonferroni correction (allelic nominal P = 5 × 10−5, allelic corrected P = 2.5 × 10−4, allelic odds ratio, 1.30; 95% CI: 1.14–1.47 in the combined subjects). Expression analysis quantified by the real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the postmortem prefrontal cortex of 43 Japanese individuals with schizophrenia and 11 Japanese control subjects revealed increased SLC1A1 expression levels in individuals homozygous for the rs7022369 risk allele (P = 0.003). Our findings suggest the involvement of SLC1A1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Self‐Threading Bithiophenes and their Structure–Property Relationships Regarding Cyclic Side‐Chains with Atomic Precision
Authors: Ouchi Yuki , Sugiyasu Kazunori , Ogi Soichiro , Sato Akira , Takeuchi Masayuki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe have recently reported a self‐threading polythiophene as a new family of insulated molecular wires. Herein, we focused on the structure–property relationships of the unique three‐dimensional architecture of the monomer. We have synthesized nine self‐threading bithiophene monomers that have cyclic side‐chains of different size and flexibility: i.e., 21‐, 22‐, 23‐, 24‐, 26‐, and 30‐membered rings composed of paraffinic, olefinic, or alkynic chains. To investigate their structure–property relationships, 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements were conducted. We found that cyclic side‐chains define the movable range of the dihedral angle of the bithiophene backbone, thereby affecting its photophysical properties. Therefore, the ability to design a structure with atomic precision as described herein would lead to the fine‐tuning of the electronic properties of insulated molecular wires.
Using FTIR spectroscopy to model alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of six lignocellulosic biomasses
Authors: Sills Deborah L. , Gossett James M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFourier transform infrared, attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopy, combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression, accurately predicted solubilization of plant cell wall constituents and NaOH consumption through pretreatment, and overall sugar productions from combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. PLS regression models were constructed by correlating FTIR spectra of six raw biomasses (two switchgrass cultivars, big bluestem grass, a low‐impact, high‐diversity mixture of prairie biomasses, mixed hardwood, and corn stover), plus alkali loading in pretreatment, to nine dependent variables: glucose, xylose, lignin, and total solids solubilized in pretreatment; NaOH consumed in pretreatment; and overall glucose and xylose conversions and yields from combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. PLS models predicted the dependent variables with the following values of coefficient of determination for cross‐validation (Q2): 0.86 for glucose, 0.90 for xylose, 0.79 for lignin, and 0.85 for total solids solubilized in pretreatment; 0.83 for alkali consumption; 0.93 for glucose conversion, 0.94 for xylose conversion, and 0.88 for glucose and xylose yields. The sugar yield models are noteworthy for their ability to predict overall saccharification through combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis per mass dry untreated solids without a priori knowledge of the composition of solids. All wavenumbers with significant variable‐important‐for‐projection (VIP) scores have been attributed to chemical features of lignocellulose, demonstrating the models were based on real chemical information. These models suggest that PLS regression can be applied to FTIR‐ATR spectra of raw biomasses to rapidly predict effects of pretreatment on solids and on subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:894–903. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prolonged conversion of n‐butyrate to n‐butanol with Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum in a two‐stage continuous culture with in‐situ product removal
Authors: Richter Hanno , Qureshi Nasib , Heger Sebastian , Dien Bruce , Cotta Michael A. , Angenent Largus T. 
Published: November 2011

Abstractn‐Butanol was produced continuously in a two‐stage fermentor system with integrated product removal from a co‐feed of n‐butyric acid and glucose. Glucose was always required as a source of ATP and electrons for the conversion of n‐butyrate to n‐butanol and for biomass growth; for the latter it also served as a carbon source. The first stage generated metabolically active planktonic cells of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum strain N1‐4 that were continuously fed into the second (production) stage; the volumetric ratio of the two fermentors was 1:10. n‐Butanol was removed continuously from the second stage via gas stripping. Implementing a two‐stage process was observed to dramatically dampen metabolic oscillations (i.e., periodical changes of solventogenic activity). Culture degeneration (i.e., an irreversible loss of solventogenic activity) was avoided by periodical heat shocking and re‐inoculating stage 1 and by maintaining the concentration of undissociated n‐butyric acid in stage 2 at 3.4 mM with a pH‐auxostat. The system was successfully operated for 42 days during which 93% of the fed n‐butyrate was converted to n‐butanol at a production rate of 0.39 g/(L × h). The molar yields Yn‐butanol/n‐butyrate and Yn‐butanol/glucose were 2.0, and 0.718, respectively. For the same run, the molar ratio of n‐butyrate to glucose consumed was 0.358. The molar yield of carbon in n‐butanol produced from carbon in n‐butyrate and glucose consumed (Yn‐butanol/carbon) was 0.386. These data illustrate that conversion of n‐butyrate into n‐butanol by solventogenic Clostridium species is feasible and that this can be performed in a continuous system operating for longer than a month. However, our data also demonstrate that a relatively large amount of glucose is required to supply electrons and ATP for this conversion and for cell growth in a continuous culture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:913–921. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adhesions after laparoscopic and open ileal pouch–anal anastomosis surgery for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hull T L , Joyce M R , Geisler D P , Coffey J C 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Emerging evidence suggests that a laparoscopic approach to colorectal procedures generates fewer adhesions. Even though laparoscopic ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is a lengthy procedure, the prospect of fewer adhesions may justify this approach. The aim of this study was to assess abdominal and adnexal adhesion formation following laparoscopic versus open IPAA in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Methods
A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed at time of ileostomy closure. All abdominal quadrants and the pelvis were video recorded systematically and graded offline. The incisional adhesion score (IAS; range 0–6) and total abdominal adhesion score (TAS; range 0–10) were calculated, based on the grade and extent of adhesions. Adnexal adhesions were classified by the American Fertility Society (AFS) adhesion score.

Results
A total of 43 patients consented to participate, of whom 40 could be included in the study (laparoscopic 28, open 12). Median age was 38 (range 20–61) years. There was no difference in age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade and time to ileostomy closure between groups. The IAS was significantly lower after laparoscopic IPAA than following an open procedure: median (range) 0 (0–5) versus 4 (2–6) respectively (P = 0·004). The TAS was also significantly lower in the laparoscopic group: 2 (0–6) versus 8 (2–10) (P = 0·002). Applying the AFS score, women undergoing laparoscopic IPAA had a significantly lower mean(s.d.) prognostic classification score than those in the open group: 5·2(3·7) versus 20·0(5·6) (P = 0·023).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic IPAA was associated with significantly fewer incisional, abdominal and adnexal adhesions in comparison with open IPAA.
Supramolecular Inclusion Complexes of Two Cyclic Zinc Bisporphyrins with C60 and C70: Structural, Thermodynamic, and Photophysical Characterization
Authors: Hernández‐Eguía Laura P. , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Pintre Inmaculada C. , Ventura Barbara , Flamigni Lucia , Ballester Pablo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe formation of thermodynamically stable inclusion complexes between two cyclic zinc bisporphyrins, differing in the saturation degree of the hydrocarbon linkers that connect their porphyrin units, and the fullerenes C60 and C70 is described. Binding and photophysical studies were performed in two solvents of very different polarity: toluene and dichloromethane. UV/Vis and fluorescence titration experiments showed π–π interactions between the cyclic zinc bisporphyrins and the fullerenes. Solid‐state structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis and gave valuable insight into the different complexation behaviors of the two macrocyclic systems towards the fullerenes. NMR titrations were also helpful in understanding the geometry of the complexes in solution. Upon fullerene complexation, the two macrocyclic bisporphyrins adopt very distinct conformations. Charge‐transfer absorption bands point to ground‐state interactions, and quenching of the porphyrin component luminescence indicates fast reactivity in the excited states. Energy transfer plus HOMO–HOMO and LUMO–LUMO electron‐transfer processes occur within the complexes. Charge‐separated states characterized by a reduced fullerene and an oxidized porphyrin radical, with lifetimes in the order of several hundred picoseconds, are detected.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Lithium Transport Pathways in Li2FeSiO4 Cathodes for Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Armstrong A. Robert , Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Islam M. Saiful , Bruce Peter G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe crystal structure of cycled Li2FeSiO4 is characterized by powder neutron diffraction and the Li+ migration pathways are determined using atomistic simulation techniques.
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopic, Calorimetric, and FTIR‐ATR Investigations of D‐Arabinose Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Singh Lokendra P. , Cerveny Silvina , Alegría Angel , Colmenero Juan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe dielectric relaxation behavior of D‐arabinose aqueous solutions at different water concentrations is examined by broadband dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range of 10−2–107 Hz and in the temperature range of 120–300 K. Differential scanning calorimetry is also performed to find the glass transition temperatures (Tg). In addition, the same solutions are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) method at the same temperature interval and in the frequency range of 3800–2800 cm−1. The temperature dependence of the relaxation times is examined for the different weight fractions (xw) of water along with the temperature dependence of dielectric strength. Two relaxation processes are observed in the aqueous solutions for all concentrations of water. The slower process, the so‐called primary relaxation process (process‐I), is responsible for the Tg whereas the faster one (designated as process‐II) is due to the reorientational motion of the water molecules. As for other hydrophilic water solutions, dielectric data for process‐II indicate the existence of a critical water concentration above which water mobility is less restricted. Accordingly, FTIR‐ATR measurements on aqueous solutions show an increment in the intensity (area) of the OH stretching sub‐band close to 3200 cm−1 as the water concentration increases.
Structural, Raman, and photoluminescence properties of double‐shelled coaxial nanocables of In2O3 core with ZnO and AZO shells
Authors: Na Han Gil , Kwak Dong Sub , Kim Hyoun Woo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe synthesized In2O3/ZnO/Al‐doped ZnO (AZO) core‐double shell nanowires, in which the inner shell (ZnO) and the outer shell (AZO) have been subsequently deposited on the core In2O3 nanowires. With their one‐dimensional morphology being preserved, the X‐ray diffraction (XRD), lattice‐resolved transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image, selected area electron diffraction, and Raman spectrum coincidentally revealed that the shell was comprised of hexagonal ZnO phase. In addition, TEM‐EDX investigation revealed the presence of Al elements in the shell region. The thermal annealing at 700 °C did not significantly change the nanowire morphology, however, the XRD spectrum indicated that the ZnO phase was crystallized by the annealing. PL spectrum of the 700 °C‐annealed In2O3/ZnO/AZO core‐double shell nanowires was comprised of three Gaussian bands at approximately 2.1 eV, 2.4 eV, and 3.0 eV, respectively. The integrated intensities of 2.1 eV‐, 2.4 eV‐, and 3.0 eV‐bands were decreased by the thermal annealing. This study will pave the road to the preparation and applicaition of double‐shelled nanowires. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Does Sustainable Development Foster Value Creation? Empirical Evidence from the Global Energy Industry
Authors: Pätäri Satu , Jantunen Ari , Kyläheiko Kalevi , Sandström Jaana 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe relationship between a firm's sustainability efforts and its financial performance has gained increasing interest among academia and in the press in recent years. In this study we focus on the energy industry in which sustainability issues are of special interest, but in which context the association between firm performance and sustainable development has not yet been studied. The data for this study consists of two groups of firms: firms that are included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes (DJSI), and the biggest firms from the global energy sector. The financial performance of the companies is analyzed from different perspectives, and the data is gathered from years 2000, 2005, and 2009. The empirical analysis finds evidence of a positive association between sustainable development and firms' financial performance, especially when performance is measured as the market capitalization value. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A General and Expedient Synthesis of 5‐ and 6‐Membered Cyclic Carbonates by Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Diols
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Salerno Giuseppe , Veltri Lucia , Costa Mirco , Dibenedetto Angela 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe present a general, practical, and efficient approach to 5‐ and 6‐membered organic carbonates by palladium‐catalyzed direct oxidative carbonylation of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐diols, respectively. Reactions were carried out at 100 °C in N,N‐dimethylacetamide as the solvent under 20 atm (at 25 °C; 1 atm=101.3 kPa) of a 4:1 v/v CO/air mixture in the presence of 0.5–2 mol % of PdI2 and KI (KI/PdI2 molar ratio=10). Excess dehydrating agent, such as trimethyl orthoacetate, was necessary in several cases to obtain appreciable results. The method could also be applied to the synthesis of a high‐value‐added glycerol carbonate from glycerol, a readily available raw material. When applied to α‐D‐glucose, a double carbonylation process took place, with direct formation of α‐D‐glucofuranose 1,2:5,6‐dicarbonate.
Carboxylate‐Based, Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids as Efficient Media for Palladium‐Catalyzed Homocoupling and Sonogashira–Hagihara Reactions of Aryl Halides
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Ahmadi Yasaman 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCarboxylate‐based salts are introduced as easily prepared, cheap and stable ionic liquids (ILs) that act as the base, ligand, reducing agent and media for the efficient phosphane‐free, palladium‐catalyzed homocoupling reaction of aryl iodides and bromides. The efficient copper and phosphane‐free Sonagashira coupling reaction of aryl iodides and bromides is also demonstrated in these ILs. One of the ILs was also phosphorylated and showed high efficiency and recyclability as a medium, and was also used as a ligand for palladium‐catalyzed homocoupling and copper‐free Sonogashira reactions of aryl iodides and bromides.
Phosphane‐Free Pd0‐Catalyzed Cycloamination and Carbonylation with Pd(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2 in the Presence of K2CO3: Preparation of Benzocyclic Amines and Benzolactams
Authors: Harada Rika , Nishida Naoto , Uchiito Shiho , Onozaki Yu , Kurono Nobuhito , Senboku Hisanori , Masao Tokuda , Ohkuma Takeshi , Orito Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPhosphane‐free Pd0‐catalyzed intramolecular aromatic amination was studied. o‐Halophenethylamines and 3‐(o‐halophenyl)propylamines were found to be transformed into indolines and quinolines in a catalytic system based on Pd(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2 in the presence of K2CO3. Application of the method to substrates containing isoquinoline rings – the 1‐(o‐bromobenzyl)‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines 6, the 1‐(o‐bromobenzyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines 7, and the 1‐(o‐bromophenethyl)isoquinolines 9 – provided the indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline and dibenzo[a,f]quinolizine ring systems 8 and 10. Extension of the method to β‐carbolines (compounds 11, 12, and 17) produced the benz[f]indolo[2,3‐a]indolizine‐13‐ones 15 and the benz[f]indolo[2,3‐a]quinolizine 18. The benzo[f]pyrido[3,4‐a]indolizine and indolo[f]pyrido[3,4‐a]indolizin‐12‐one ring systems 27 and 31 were built in a similar manner. It was also found that under an atmosphere of CO the same catalytic system produced the corresponding benzolactams, the isoquino[2,1‐a][2,7]naphthyridine 34 and the indolo[2,3‐a]pyrido[g]quinolizin‐8‐one 36 [(±)‐dihydronaucléfine] in good yields.
Concise Total Synthesis of Dihydrocorynanthenol, Protoemetinol, Protoemetine, 3‐epi‐Protoemetinol and Emetine
Authors: Lin Shuangzheng , Deiana Luca , Tseggai Abrehet , Córdova Armando 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA concise asymmetric assembly of secologanine tryptamine and dopamine alkaloids by means of a one‐pot three‐component cascade reaction methodology is disclosed. This is demonstrated by the expeditious total syntheses of (–)‐dihydrocorynanthenol, (–)‐protoemetinol, (–)‐protoemetine, (–)‐3‐epi‐protoemetinol, and emetine (3–6 steps). The biomimetic synthetic strategy involved the following key steps: (i) One‐pot three‐component highly enantioselective catalytic Michael/Pictet–Spengler/lactamization cascade reactions; (ii) One‐pot tandem Swern oxidation/Wittig sequences; (iii) One‐pot tandem hydrogenation sequences.
pKa‐Determination and Conformational Studies by NMR Spectroscopy of D‐Altrose‐Containing and other Pseudodisaccharides as Glycosidase Inhibitor Candidates
Authors: Rönnols Jerk , Burkhardt Anja , Cumpstey Ian , Widmalm Göran 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe pKa values of six amine‐linked pseudodisaccharides have been determined by using an NMR‐based titration method. The pKa varies significantly depending on the linkage position and is inversely correlated with the number of electronegative groups in the β‐position to the amino group. Four of the pseudodisaccharides contain α‐altroside moieties, the conformations of which were determined in the protonated and neutral states, again by using NMR techniques. In the neutral state, 2‐amino‐2‐deoxyaltrosides and 3‐amino‐3‐deoxyaltrosides were both found to occupy 4C1 and OS2 conformations. On protonation, little change in the population distribution was seen for the 3‐amino‐3‐deoxyaltrosides, but for the 2‐amino‐2‐deoxyaltrosides, a shift in equilibrium position towards the skew conformer (more than 80 % populated) takes place, and also a small amount of the other chair conformer (i.e., 1C4, approximately 10 % populated) was observed. 3‐Amino‐3‐deoxyaltrosides have been shown to act as glycosidase inhibitors and insights into conformational equilibria as a function of protonation state should facilitate the design of better glycosidase inhibitors based on flexible monosaccharide amines.
AKAP2 anchors PKA with aquaporin‐0 to support ocular lens transparency
Authors: Gold Matthew G. , Reichow Steve L. , O'Neill Susan E. , Weisbrod Chad R. , Langeberg Lorene K. , Bruce James E. , Gonen Tamir , Scott John D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA decline in ocular lens transparency known as cataract afflicts 90% of individuals by the age 70. Chronic deterioration of lens tissue occurs as a pathophysiological consequence of defective water and nutrient circulation through channel and transporter proteins. A key component is the aquaporin‐0 (AQP0) water channel whose permeability is tightly regulated in healthy lenses. Using a variety of cellular and biochemical approaches we have discovered that products of the A‐kinase anchoring protein 2 gene (AKAP2/AKAP‐KL) form a stable complex with AQP0 to sequester protein kinase A (PKA) with the channel. This permits PKA phosphorylation of serine 235 within a calmodulin (CaM)‐binding domain of AQP0. The additional negative charge introduced by phosphoserine 235 perturbs electrostatic interactions between AQP0 and CaM to favour water influx through the channel. In isolated mouse lenses, displacement of PKA from the AKAP2–AQP0 channel complex promotes cortical cataracts as characterized by severe opacities and cellular damage. Thus, anchored PKA modulation of AQP0 is a homeostatic mechanism that must be physically intact to preserve lens transparency.→See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201100188