bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brugada-Like Syndrome in Infancy Presenting With Rapid Ventricular Tachycardia and Intraventricular Conduction Delay
Authors: Kanter Ronald J. , Pfeiffer Ryan , Hu Dan , Barajas-Martinez Héctor , Carboni Michael P. , Antzelevitch Charles 
Published: November 2011

Background—
Brugada syndrome is a potentially serious channelopathy that usually presents in adulthood and has only rarely been described in infancy. In the absence of metabolic or structural cardiac disease, rapid ventricular tachycardia (>200 bpm) and primary cardiac conduction disease are uncommon in infancy. We hypothesized that infants having rapid ventricular tachycardia and conduction abnormalities and not having structural or metabolic pathogeneses were likely to have mutations in depolarizing current channels.

Methods and Results—
A retrospective review of all clinical materials from a single institution over a 9-year period from all infants <2 years old and having a discharge diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was performed. Among 32 infants fulfilling inclusion criteria, 12 had a structurally normal heart, and 9 of them had either prolonged QRS duration or Brugada pattern while in sinus rhythm. Of those 5 infants not having a definitive pathogenesis, electrophysiological testing had been performed in 4, and genetic testing had been performed in all 5 of those infants. During electrophysiological testing, a prolonged HV interval was present in 2 of 4, inducible ventricular tachycardia was present in 1 of 4, and a type 1 Brugada pattern was induced by intravenous procainamide in 3 of 4. Genetic testing revealed disease-causing mutations in depolarizing sodium (SCN5A) or calcium (CaCNB2b) channels in all 5 infants.

Conclusions—
Infants having rapid ventricular tachycardia and conduction abnormalities in the absence of structural or metabolic abnormalities are likely to have disease-causing mutations in cardiac depolarizing channels.
Supervised Exercise Versus Primary Stenting for Claudication Resulting From Aortoiliac Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Murphy Timothy P. , Cutlip Donald E. , Regensteiner Judith G. , Mohler Emile R. , Cohen David J. , Reynolds Matthew R. , Massaro Joseph M. , Lewis Beth A. , Cerezo Joselyn , Oldenburg Niki C. , Thum Claudia C. , Goldberg Suzanne , Jaff Michael R. , Steffes Michael W. , Comerota Anthony J. , Ehrman Jonathan , Treat-Jacobson Diane , Walsh M. Eileen , Collins Tracie , Badenhop Dalynn T. , Bronas Ulf , Hirsch Alan T. 
Published: November 2011

Background—
Claudication is a common and disabling symptom of peripheral artery disease that can be treated with medication, supervised exercise (SE), or stent revascularization (ST).

Methods and Results—

We randomly assigned 111 patients with aortoiliac peripheral artery disease to receive 1 of 3 treatments: optimal medical care (OMC), OMC plus SE, or OMC plus ST. The primary end point was the change in peak walking time on a graded treadmill test at 6 months compared with baseline. Secondary end points included free-living step activity, quality of life with the Walking Impairment Questionnaire, Peripheral Artery Questionnaire, Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form, and cardiovascular risk factors. At the 6-month follow-up, change in peak walking time (the primary end point) was greatest for SE, intermediate for ST, and least with OMC (mean change versus baseline, 5.8±4.6, 3.7±4.9, and 1.2±2.6 minutes, respectively;
P
<0.001 for the comparison of SE versus OMC,
P
=0.02 for ST versus OMC, and
P
=0.04 for SE versus ST). Although disease-specific quality of life as assessed by the Walking Impairment Questionnaire and Peripheral Artery Questionnaire also improved with both SE and ST compared with OMC, for most scales, the extent of improvement was greater with ST than SE. Free-living step activity increased more with ST than with either SE or OMC alone (114±274 versus 73±139 versus −6±109 steps per hour), but these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions—
SE results in superior treadmill walking performance than ST, even for those with aortoiliac peripheral artery disease. The contrast between better walking performance for SE and better patient-reported quality of life for ST warrants further study.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00132743?order=1
. Unique identifier: NCT00132743.
True to Milankovitch: Glacial Inception in the New Community Climate System Model
Authors: Jochum Markus , Jahn Alexandra , Peacock Synte , Bailey David A. , Fasullo John T. , Kay Jennifer , Levis Samuel , Otto-Bliesner Bette 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The equilibrium solution of a fully coupled general circulation model with present-day orbital forcing is compared to the solution of the same model with the orbital forcing from 115 000 years ago. The difference in snow accumulation between these two simulations has a pattern and a magnitude comparable to the ones inferred from reconstructions for the last glacial inception. This is a major improvement over previous similar studies, and the increased realism is attributed to the higher spatial resolution in the atmospheric model, which allows for a more accurate representation of the orography of northern Canada and Siberia. The analysis of the atmospheric heat budget reveals that, as postulated by Milankovitch’s hypothesis, the only necessary positive feedback is the snow–albedo feedback, which is initiated by reduced melting of snow and sea ice in the summer. However, this positive feedback is almost fully compensated by an increased meridional heat transport in the atmosphere and a reduced concentration of low Arctic clouds. In contrast to similar previous studies, the ocean heat transport remains largely unchanged. This stability of the northern North Atlantic circulation is explained by the regulating effect of the freshwater import through the Nares Strait and Northwest Passage and the spiciness import by the North Atlantic Current.
Arctic/Atlantic Exchanges via the Subpolar Gyre*
Authors: Langehaug Helene R. , Medhaug Iselin , Eldevik Tor , Otterå Odd Helge 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In the present study the decadal variability in the strength and shape of the subpolar gyre (SPG) in a 600-yr preindustrial simulation using the Bergen Climate Model is investigated. The atmospheric influence on the SPG strength is reflected in the variability of Labrador Sea Water (LSW), which is largely controlled by the North Atlantic Oscillation, the first mode of the North Atlantic atmospheric variability. A combination of the amount of LSW, the overflows from the Nordic seas, and the second mode of atmospheric variability, the East Atlantic Pattern, explains 44% of the modeled decadal variability in the SPG strength. A prior increase in these components leads to an intensified SPG in the western subpolar region. Typically, an increase of one standard deviation (std dev) of the total overflow (1 std dev = 0.2 Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) corresponds to an intensification of about one-half std dev of the SPG strength (1 std dev = 2 Sv). A similar response is found for an increase of one std dev in the amount of LSW, and simultaneously the strength of the North Atlantic Current increases by one-half std dev (1 std dev = 0.9 Sv).
Examining Interior Grid Nudging Techniques Using Two-Way Nesting in the WRF Model for Regional Climate Modeling
Authors: Bowden Jared H. , Otte Tanya L. , Nolte Christopher G. , Otte Martin J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study evaluates interior nudging techniques using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for regional climate modeling over the conterminous United States (CONUS) using a two-way nested configuration. NCEP–Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) Reanalysis (R-2) data are downscaled to 36 km × 36 km by nudging only at the lateral boundaries, using gridpoint (i.e., analysis) nudging and using spectral nudging. Seven annual simulations are conducted and evaluated for 1988 by comparing 2-m temperature, precipitation, 500-hPa geopotential height, and 850-hPa meridional wind to the 32-km North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Using interior nudging reduces the mean biases for those fields throughout the CONUS compared to the simulation without interior nudging. The predictions of 2-m temperature and fields aloft behave similarly when either analysis or spectral nudging is used. For precipitation, however, analysis nudging generates monthly precipitation totals, and intensity and frequency of precipitation that are closer to observed fields than spectral nudging. The spectrum of 250-hPa zonal winds simulated by the WRF model is also compared to that of the R-2 and NARR. The spatial variability in the WRF model is reduced by using either form of interior nudging, and analysis nudging suppresses that variability more strongly than spectral nudging. Reducing the nudging strengths on the inner domain increases the variability but generates larger biases. The results support the use of interior nudging on both domains of a two-way nest to reduce error when the inner nest is not otherwise dominated by the lateral boundary forcing. Nevertheless, additional research is required to optimize the balance between accuracy and variability in choosing a nudging strategy.
Two-Dimensional Retrieval of Typhoon Tracks from an Ensemble of Multimodel Outputs
Authors: Tien Tran Tan , Thanh Cong , Van Hoang Thanh , Chanh Kieu Quoc 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this study a method of retrieving optimum information of typhoon tracks in a multimodel ensemble of forecasts is explored. By treating the latitudes and longitudes of typhoon centers as components of two-dimensional track vectors and using the full ensemble mean as a first guess, it is shown that such a two-dimensional approach for the typhoon track forecast can be formulated as a multivariate optimization problem. Experiments with five nonhydrostatic primitive equation models during the 2004–08 typhoon seasons in the western North Pacific basin show some noticeable improvements in the forecasts of typhoon tracks in terms of the forecast errors and track smoothness with this multivariate approach. The advantages of the multivariate optimization approach are its portability and simplicity, which could make it easily adaptable to any operational typhoon forecast center that synthesizes typhoon track forecast products from different sources.
Differential Adaptive Capacity to Extreme Heat: A Phoenix, Arizona, Case Study
Authors: Hayden Mary H. , Brenkert-Smith Hannah , Wilhelmi Olga V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractClimate change is projected to increase the number of days producing excessive heat across the southwestern United States, increasing population exposure to extreme heat events. Extreme heat is currently the main cause of weather-related mortality in the United States, where the negative health effects of extreme heat are disproportionately distributed among geographic regions and demographic groups. To more effectively identify vulnerability to extreme heat, complementary local-level studies of adaptive capacity within a population are needed to augment census-based demographic data and downscaled weather and climate models. This pilot study, conducted in August 2009 in Phoenix, Arizona, reports responses from 359 households in three U.S. Census block groups identified as heat-vulnerable based on heat distress calls, decedent records, and demographic characteristics. This study sought to understand social vulnerability to extreme heat at the local level as a complex phenomenon with explicit characterization of coping and adaptive capacity among urban residents.
Interpellation and Performance
Authors: Avenburg Karen 
Published: November 2011

The rituals of the Virgen del Rosario fiesta in Iruya, Argentina, a privileged event for studying the relationship between musical activity and the construction of identities, include elements related to local and broader communities of identification. Its musical spectrum runs from Catholic religious songs and the music of the cachis adoration to cumbia, Argentine patriotic anthems, and local, Andean, and national folkloric music. The fiesta displays processes of communalization—the interplay of homogenizing and particularizing projects of state formation with local notions of traditions—and contributes to creating a collective identity. This identity construction takes place through an unequal and dynamic negotiation of meanings in which cultural inscription is articulated with the performances of social actors. Los rituales de la fiesta de la Virgen del Rosario en Iruya, Argentina, un acontecimiento privilegiado para estudiar la relación entre la actividad musical y la construcción de identidades, incluyen elementos relacionados tanto con la comunidad local como con grupos de identificación más amplios. Su espectro musical cubre desde las canciones religiosas católicas y la música de la adoración de los cachis, hasta la cumbia, los himnos patrióticos argentinos, y la llamada música folklórica local, andina y nacional. La fiesta da cuenta de procesos de comunalización (la interacción entre los proyectos homogeneizadores y particularizadores de la formación del estado, y las nociones locales de las tradiciones) y contribuye a crear una identidad colectiva. Esta construcción de la identidad se lleva a cabo a través de una desigual y dinámica negociación de significados en los que la inscripción cultural se articula con las performances de los actores sociales.
Attenuation of hypertension-mediated glomerulosclerosis in conjunction with increased angiotensin (1–7)
Authors: Igase Michiya , Yokoyama Hiroshi , Ferrario Carlos M. 
Published: November 2011

Background: Controversy exists as to whether angiotensin (1–7) (Ang (1–7)) acts as a protective hormone against renal injury. Methods: We compared the degree of improvement of hypertensive nephropathy following 8 weeks’ treatment with either the angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist olmesartan medoxomil or the cardioselective beta blocker atenolol in 8-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Results: Both treatment regimens reduced mean blood pressure in a similar fashion, while bradycardia was present only in atenolol-treated SHRs. The heart weight:body weight ratio fell more in SHRs medicated with olmesartan versus those receiving atenolol. These changes were associated with increases in plasma Ang II in SHRs given the angiotensin II receptor blocker. At the end of treatment, plasma Ang (1–7) was higher in the olmesartan than atenolol or vehicle groups. The glomerular sclerosis (GS) index was lowered by olmesartan and atenolol compared with the vehicle group. While both olmesartan and atenolol attenuated renal perivascular collagen deposition (PVCD), the greatest effect was observed in SHRs receiving olmesartan. Elevations in plasma Ang (1–7) correlated negatively with reductions in GS or PVCD index, respectively. Conclusions: While control of blood pressure remains a critical factor in the prevention of hypertensive nephropathy, Ang (1–7) may play a substantial role in preventing the structural changes in glomerulus through its effect on regulations of blood pressure and renal function.
miR-155 regulates HGAL expression and increases lymphoma cell motility
Authors: Dagan Liat Nadav , Jiang Xiaoyu , Bhatt Shruti , Cubedo Elena , Rajewsky Klaus , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
HGAL, a prognostic biomarker in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classic Hodgkin lymphoma, inhibits lymphocyte and lymphoma cell motility by activating the RhoA signaling cascade and interacting with actin and myosin proteins. Although HGAL expression is limited to germinal center (GC) lymphocytes and GC-derived lymphomas, little is known about its regulation. miR-155 is implicated in control of GC reaction and lymphomagenesis. We demonstrate that miR-155 directly down-regulates HGAL expression by binding to its 3′-untranslated region, leading to decreased RhoA activation and increased spontaneous and chemoattractant-induced lymphoma cell motility. The effects of miR-155 on RhoA activation and cell motility can be rescued by transfection of HGAL lacking the miR-155 binding site. This inhibitory effect of miR-155 suggests that it may have a key role in the loss of HGAL expression on differentiation of human GC B cells to plasma cell. Furthermore, this effect may contribute to lymphoma cell dissemination and aggressiveness, characteristic of activated B cell–like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma typically expressing high levels of miR-155 and lacking HGAL expression.
A role for the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR7, in the pathogenesis of human pulmonary vascular disease
Authors: Costello Christine M. , McCullagh Brian , Howell Katherine , Sands Michelle , Belperio John A. , Keane Michael P. , Gaine Sean , McLoughlin Paul 
Published: November 2011

Given the critical role that endothelial cell dysfunction plays in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertensive diseases, we set out to establish if CXCR7, a receptor for the pro-angiogenic ligand CXCL12, is expressed in the vasculature of human lung diseases and examine its role in mediating CXCL12-induced responses in primary pulmonary human microvascular endothelial cells.Receptor and ligand expression was examined in control and explanted human hypertensive lungs, in human plasma and in hypoxic rodent lungs, by ELISA and immunohistochemical studies. Functionalin vitroexperiments examined the role of CXCR7 in CXCL12-induced lung microvascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and wound regeneration and repair.CXCR7 is elevated in the endothelium of explanted human hypertensive lungs and circulating CXCL12 concentrations are significantly elevated in disease. We demonstrate that alveolar hypoxia similar to that found in lung disease increases CXCR7 expression in the pulmonary endothelium. Furthermore, CXCR7 is the receptor through which endothelial cell regeneration and repair, and proliferation, is mediated, whereas signallingviaCXCR4 is essential for chemotactic cell migration.Our findings demonstrate that CXCR7 has a critical but previously unrecognised role to play in endothelial cell proliferation, suggesting that CXCR7-mediated signalling may be functionally important in pulmonary vascular diseases.
Bayesian hierarchical clustering for microarray time series data with replicates and outlier measurements
Authors: Cooke Emma J , Savage Richard S , Kirk Paul DW , Darkins Robert , Wild David L 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Post-genomic molecular biology has resulted in an explosion of data, providing measurements for large numbers of genes, proteins and metabolites. Time series experiments have become increasingly common, necessitating the development of novel analysis tools that capture the resulting data structure. Outlier measurements at one or more time points present a significant challenge, while potentially valuable replicate information is often ignored by existing techniques.

Results
We present a generative model-based Bayesian hierarchical clustering algorithm for microarray time series that employs Gaussian process regression to capture the structure of the data. By using a mixture model likelihood, our method permits a small proportion of the data to be modelled as outlier measurements, and adopts an empirical Bayes approach which uses replicate observations to inform a prior distribution of the noise variance. The method automatically learns the optimum number of clusters and can incorporate non-uniformly sampled time points. Using a wide variety of experimental data sets, we show that our algorithm consistently yields higher quality and more biologically meaningful clusters than current state-of-the-art methodologies. We highlight the importance of modelling outlier values by demonstrating that noisy genes can be grouped with other genes of similar biological function. We demonstrate the importance of including replicate information, which we find enables the discrimination of additional distinct expression profiles.

Conclusions
By incorporating outlier measurements and replicate values, this clustering algorithm for time series microarray data provides a step towards a better treatment of the noise inherent in measurements from high-throughput genomic technologies. Timeseries BHC is available as part of the R package 'BHC' (version 1.5), which is available for download from Bioconductor (version 2.9 and above) via http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/BHC.html?pagewanted=all.
Gynecomastia during imatinib mesylate treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a rare adverse event
Authors: Liu HeLi , Liao GuoQing , Yan ZhongShu 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Imatinib mesylate has been the standard therapeutic treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, advanced and metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). It is well tolerated with mild adverse effects. Gynecomastia development during the course of treatment has been rarely reported.

Methods
Ninety-eight patients with advanced or recurrent GIST were treated with imatinib mesylate. Among the fifty-seven male patients six developed gynecomastia during the treatment. The lesions were confirmed by sonography. Sex hormone levels were determined in six patients with and without the presence of gynecomastia respectively. The patients with gynecomatia were treated with tamoxifene and the sex hormones were assayed before and after tamoxifene treatment.

Results
In patients with gynecomastia the lump underneath the bilateral nipples was 2.5 to 5 centimeters in diameter. Their serum free testosterone levels ranged between 356.61 and 574.60 ng/dl with a mean ± SD of 408.64 ± 82.06 ng/dl (95% CI 343.03~474.25 ng/dl), which is within the normal range. The level of serum estradiol was 42.89 ± 16.54 pg/ml (95% CI 29.66~56.12 pg/ml). Three patients had higher levels (43.79~71.21 pg/ml) and the others' were within normal range of 27.00~34.91 pg/ml. Six patients without the development of gynecomastia had normal free testosterone. One patient died because of large tumor burden. The sex hormones had no significant changes before and after tamoxifene treatment.(P > 0.05)

Conclusions
Testosterone levels were not decreased in the six GIST patients with gynecomastia. Three patients had increased serum estradiol level which suggests that imbalance of sex hormones may be the cause of gynecomastia during treatment with imatinib mesylate.