bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Intra‐Abdominal Cystic Lymphangioma. Report of 20 Cases
Authors: Makni Amin , Chebbi Faouzi , Fetirich Fadhel , Ksantini Rachid , Bedioui Heykal , Jouini Mohamed , Kacem Montassar , Ben Safta Zoubeir 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundCystic lymphangioma (CL) is a benign rare malformation of lymphatic vessels. Its discovery in adults is rare. Although it can affect any organ, the common forms found in adults are mesenteric and/or retroperitoneal CL. This article was designed to study the epidemiological, diagnostic difficulties, and therapeutic principles of intra‐abdominal cystic lymphangioma in adults.MethodsWe report a retrospective study from January 1998 to September 2010 concerning 20 patients who underwent surgical removal of a CL. We were interested in discovering the clinical, biological, and radiological characteristics of CL. The localization, size, and number of cysts have been reported, as well as the surgical intervention used and the postoperative immediate and late complications.ResultsThe median age was 46 years. Abdominal pain was the main symptom and was found in 15 patients (75%). Physical examination revealed an abdominal mass in 12 patients (60%). In four patients (20%), the cystic lymphangioma was incidental. Abdominal ultrasound and abdominal CT scan helped to highlight 22 cystic masses. CL diagnosis was established preoperatively in 13 patients (65%). Six patients (30%) were operated with a diagnosis other than CL. The diagnosis was made intraoperatively in one case (5%). Only two patients (10%) were operated on in emergency: one due to an infected CL and the other was CL complicated with intracystic hemorrhage. A laparotomy in 13 cases (65%) was the surgical approach used, whereas 7 cases (35%) benefited from a laparoscopy. No conversion was noted. The majority of the patients, 18 cases (90%), received a total cystectomy. Only two patients (10%) had recurrences of which only one was reoperated.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of CL often is facilitated by means of modern imaging; however, other diagnoses may be discussed, particularly hydatid disease endemic areas. If symptomatic lesions or complications arise, complete surgical excision, when possible without major sacrifice, seems to be the best therapeutic option to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Transition to chaos in the wake of a rolling sphere
Authors: Rao A. , Passaggia P.-Y. , Bolnot H. , Thompson M.C. , Leweke T. , Hourigan K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe wake of a sphere rolling along a wall at low Reynolds number is investigated numerically and experimentally. Two successive transitions are identified in this flow, as the Reynolds number is increased. The first leads to the periodic shedding of planar symmetric hairpin vortices. The second and previously unknown transition involves a loss of planar symmetry and a low-frequency lateral oscillation of the wake, exhibiting a surprising 7:3 resonance with the hairpin vortex shedding. The two transitions are characterized by dye visualizations and quantitative information obtained from numerical simulations, such as force coefficients and wake frequencies (Strouhal numbers). Both transitions are found to be supercritical. Further increasing the Reynolds number, the flow becomes progressively more disorganized and chaotic. Overall, the transition sequence for the rolling sphere is closer to the one for a non-rotating sphere in a free stream than to that of a non-rotating sphere close to a wall.
Extensive epistasis for olfactory behaviour, sleep and waking activity inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: SWARUP SHILPA , HARBISON SUSAN T. , HAHN LAUREN E. , MOROZOVA TATIANA V. , YAMAMOTO AKIHIKO , MACKAY TRUDY F. C. , ANHOLT ROBERT R. H. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryEpistasis is an important feature of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits, but the dynamics of epistatic interactions in natural populations and the relationship between epistasis and pleiotropy remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the effects of epistatic modifiers that segregate in a wild-derivedDrosophila melanogasterpopulation on the mutational effects ofP-element insertions inSemaphorin-5C(Sema-5c) andCalreticulin(Crc), pleiotropic genes that affect olfactory behaviour and startle behaviour and, in the case ofCrc, sleep phenotypes. We introducedCanton-S B(CSB) third chromosomes with or without aP-element insertion at theCrcorSema-5clocus in multiple wild-derived inbred lines of theDrosophila melanogasterGenetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and assessed the effects of epistasis on the olfactory response to benzaldehyde and, forCrc, also on sleep. In each case, we found substantial epistasis and significant variation in the magnitude of epistasis. The predominant direction of epistatic effects was to suppress the mutant phenotype. These observations support a previous study on startle behaviour using the sameD. melanogasterchromosome substitution lines, which concluded that suppressing epistasis may buffer the effects of new mutations. However, epistatic effects are not correlated among the different phenotypes. Thus, suppressing epistasis appears to be a pervasive general feature of natural populations to protect against the effects of new mutations, but different epistatic interactions modulate different phenotypes affected by mutations at the same pleiotropic gene.
Abundant genetic variability inDrosophila simulansfor hybrid female lethality in interspecific crosses toDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: GÉRARD PIERRE R. , PRESGRAVES DAVEN C. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryIntrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation is thought to result from the substitution of multiple harmless or beneficial genetic differences between species that are incidentally deleterious when combined in species hybrids, causing hybrid sterility or inviability. Genetic variability for hybrid sterility or inviability phenotypes is, however, rarely assessed in natural populations. Here, we assess variation forDrosophila simulans-encoded maternal factor(s) that cause lethality inD. simulans–Drosophila melanogaster F1hybrid females. First, we survey genetic variability in the strength ofD. simulans-mediated maternal effect hybrid lethality among 37 geographic and laboratory isolates. We find abundant variability in the strength of maternal effect hybrid lethality, ranging from complete lethality to none. Second, we assess maternal effect hybrid lethality for a subset of wild isolates made heterozygous with two so-called hybrid rescue strains. The results suggest that theD. simulansmaternal effect hybrid lethality involves a diversity of alleles and/or multiple loci.
Review of the state of the art: discovering and associating semantics to tags in folksonomies
Authors: García-Silva Andrés , Corcho Oscar , Alani Harith , Gómez-Pérez Asunción 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper describes and compares the most relevant approaches for associating tags with semantics in order to make explicit the meaning of those tags. We identify a common set of steps that are usually considered across all these approaches and frame our descriptions according to them, providing a unified view of how each approach tackles the different problems that appear during the semantic association process. Furthermore, we provide some recommendations on (a) how and when to use each of the approaches according to the characteristics of the data source, and (b) how to improve results by leveraging the strengths of the different approaches.
Independent reinforcement learners in cooperative Markov games: a survey regarding coordination problems
Authors: Matignon Laetitia , Laurent Guillaume J. , Le Fort-Piat Nadine 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn the framework of fully cooperative multi-agent systems, independent (non-communicative) agents that learn by reinforcement must overcome several difficulties to manage to coordinate. This paper identifies several challenges responsible for the non-coordination of independent agents: Pareto-selection, non-stationarity, stochasticity, alter-exploration and shadowed equilibria. A selection of multi-agent domains is classified according to those challenges: matrix games, Boutilier's coordination game, predators pursuit domains and a special multi-state game. Moreover, the performance of a range of algorithms for independent reinforcement learners is evaluated empirically. Those algorithms are Q-learning variants: decentralized Q-learning, distributed Q-learning, hysteretic Q-learning, recursive frequency maximum Q-value and win-or-learn fast policy hill climbing. An overview of the learning algorithms’ strengths and weaknesses against each challenge concludes the paper and can serve as a basis for choosing the appropriate algorithm for a new domain. Furthermore, the distilled challenges may assist in the design of new learning algorithms that overcome these problems and achieve higher performance in multi-agent applications.
Auroral electrojets variations caused by recurrent high‐speed solar wind streams during the extreme solar minimum of 2008
Authors: Guo Jianpeng , Feng Xueshang , Pulkkinen T. I. , Tanskanen E. I. , Xu Wenyao , Lei Jiuhou , Emery Barbara A. 
Published: February 2012

The IMAGE network magnetic measurements are used to investigate the response of the auroral electrojets to the recurrent high‐speed solar wind streams (HSSs) during the extreme solar minimum period of 2008. We first compare the global AU/AL indices with the corresponding IU/IL indices determined from the IMAGE magnetometer chain and find that the local IMAGE chain can better monitor the activity in MLT sectors 1230–2230 for IU and 2230–0630 for IL during 2008. In the optimal MLT sectors, the eastward and westward electrojets and their central latitude reveal clear 9‐day periodic variations associated with the recurrent HSSs. For the 9‐day perturbations, both the eastward and westward electrojet currents are better correlated with parallel electric field (EPAR) and electron hemispheric power (HPe) than with other forcing parameters. Interestingly, the eastward electrojet shows good correlations (r > 0.6) with EPAR and HPe only in part of its optimal MLT‐sector, roughly 1200–1800, while the westward electrojet shows good correlations (r < −0.6) with EPAR and HPe in its whole optimal MLT sector. The poor correlations between the eastward electrojet and EPAR and HPe in the MLT sector 1800–2200 might be attributed to the impact of other magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling processes. The sensitivities of the eastward and westward electrojet currents to EPAR are close to 0.06 MA/(mV/m) and −0.12 MA/(mV/m), respectively, and the sensitivities of their central latitudes to EPAR are close to −2.83 Deg/(mV/m) and −2.14 Deg/(mV/m), respectively. The observed auroral electrojet response to the recurrent solar wind forcing provides new opportunities to study the physical processes governing the eastward and westward auroral electrojets.
Biogenic sedimentation in the equatorial Pacific: Carbon cycling and paleoproduction, 12–24 Ma
Authors: Piela Christine , Lyle Mitchell , Marcantonio Franco , Baldauf Jack , Olivarez Lyle Annette 
Published: February 2012

The equatorial Pacific is an important part of the global carbon cycle and has been affected by climate change through the Cenozoic (65 Ma to present). We present a Miocene (12–24 Ma) biogenic sediment record from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 574 and show that a CaCO3 minimum at 17 Ma was caused by elevated CaCO3 dissolution. When Pacific Plate motion carried Site 574 under the equator at about 16.2 Ma, there is a minor increase in biogenic deposition associated with passing under the equatorial upwelling zone. The burial rates of the primary productivity proxies biogenic silica (bio‐SiO2) and biogenic barium (bio‐Ba) increase, but biogenic CaCO3 decreases. The carbonate minimum is at ∼17 Ma coincident with the beginning of the Miocene climate optimum; the transient lasts from 18 to 15 Ma. Bio‐SiO2 and bio‐Ba are positively correlated and increase as the equator was approached. Corg is poorly preserved, and is strongly affected by changing carbonate burial. Terrestrial 232Th deposition, a proxy for aeolian dust, increases only after the Site 574 equator crossing. Since surface production of bio‐SiO2, bio‐Ba, and CaCO3 correlate in the modern equatorial Pacific, the decreased CaCO3 burial rate during the Site 574 equator crossing is driven by elevated CaCO3 dissolution, representing elevated ocean carbon storage and elevated atmospheric CO2. The length of the 17 Ma CaCO3 dissolution transient requires interaction with a ‘slow’ part of the carbon cycle, perhaps elevated mantle degassing associated with the early stages of Columbia River Basalt emplacement.
Graph fission in an evolving voter model
Authors: Durrett Richard , Gleeson James P. , Lloyd Alun L. , Mucha Peter J. , Shi Feng , Sivakoff David , Socolar Joshua E. S. , Varghese Chris 
Published: February 2012

We consider a simplified model of a social network in which individuals have one of two opinions (called 0 and 1) and their opinions and the network connections coevolve. Edges are picked at random. If the two connected individuals hold different opinions then, with probability 1 -
α
, one imitates the opinion of the other; otherwise (i.e., with probability
α
), the link between them is broken and one of them makes a new connection to an individual chosen at random (
i
) from those with the same opinion or (
ii
) from the network as a whole. The evolution of the system stops when there are no longer any discordant edges connecting individuals with different opinions. Letting
ρ
be the fraction of voters holding the minority opinion after the evolution stops, we are interested in how
ρ
depends on
α
and the initial fraction
u
of voters with opinion 1. In case (
i
), there is a critical value
α

c

which does not depend on
u
, with
ρ
≈
u
for
α
>
α

c

and
ρ
≈ 0 for
α
<
α

c

. In case (
ii
), the transition point
α

c

(
u
) depends on the initial density
u
. For
α
>
α

c

(
u
),
ρ
≈
u
, but for
α
<
α

c

(
u
), we have
ρ
(
α
,
u
) =
ρ
(
α
,1/2). Using simulations and approximate calculations, we explain why these two nearly identical models have such dramatically different phase transitions.
Association between Anesthesiologist Age and Litigation
Authors: Tessler Michael J. , Shrier Ian , Steele Russell J. 
Published: February 2012

Background
: The threat of being sued is a concern for many anesthesiologists. This paper asks whether litigation brought against anesthesiologists is associated with the age of the anesthesiologist.

Methods
: Institutional research ethics approval was granted. We obtained billing data for all procedures performed by specialist anesthesiologists stratified into three age groups (less than 51, 51-64, and 65 and older) from British Columbia, Quebec, and Ontario for the 10-yr period from Jan. 1, 1993 to Dec. 31, 2002. We also obtained all litigations (including disability weighted claims) handled by the Canadian Medical Protective Association during the same time period in which the Canadian Medical Protective Association experts considered the anesthesiologist cited to be at least partially responsible for the adverse event leading to the complaint.

Results
: In univariate analysis with the less than 51 age group as the reference category, the litigation rate ratio for the 51-64 age group was 1.14 (95% CI: 0.99-1.32) and for the 65 and older age group was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.14-1.97). Our analyses using disability weighted claims showed the 51-64 group to have 1.31 (95% CI: 0.95-1.80) and 65 and older group to have 1.94 (95% CI: 1.41-2.67) relative increase in disability compared to the less than 51 age group.

Conclusions
: We found a higher frequency of litigation and a greater severity of injury in patients treated by anesthesiologists in the 65 and older group. The reasons for these findings should become an active field of research.
Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Landau Mark E. , Kenney Kimbra , Deuster Patricia , Campbell William 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this review, the clinical and laboratory features of exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) are discussed in detail, emphasizing the full clinical spectrum from physiological elevations of serum creatine kinase after exertion to life-threatening rhabdomyolysis with acute kidney injury and associated systemic complications. Laboratory markers used to diagnose both ER and rhabdomyolysis are very sensitive, but not very specific, and imperfectly distinguish “subclinical” or asymptomatic from severe, life-threatening illness. However, genetic factors, both recognized and yet to be discovered, likely influence this diverse clinical spectrum of disease and response to exercise. Genetic mutations causative for McArdle disease, carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency 2, myoadenylate deaminase deficiency, and malignant hyperthermia have all been associated with ER. Polymorphic variations in the myosin light chain kinase, α-actin 3, creatine kinase–muscle isoform, angiotensin I-converting enzyme, heat shock protein, and interleukin-6 genes have also been associated with either ER or exercise-induced serum creatine kinase elevations typical of ER. The prognosis for ER is significantly better than that for other etiologies of rhabdomyolysis, but the risk of recurrence after an initial episode is unknown. Guidelines for management are provided.
Discrimination of Arabidopsis PAD4 Activities in Defense against Green Peach Aphid and Pathogens
Authors: Louis Joe , Gobbato Enrico , Mondal Hossain A. , Feys Bart J. , Parker Jane E. , Shah Jyoti 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lipase-like protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4) is essential for defense against green peach aphid (GPA; Myzus persicae) and the pathogens Pseudomonas syringae and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. In basal resistance to virulent strains of P. syringae and H. arabidopsidis, PAD4 functions together with its interacting partner ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) to promote salicylic acid (SA)-dependent and SA-independent defenses. By contrast, dissociated forms of PAD4 and EDS1 signal effector-triggered immunity to avirulent strains of these pathogens. PAD4-controlled defense against GPA requires neither EDS1 nor SA. Here, we show that resistance to GPA is unaltered in an eds1 salicylic acid induction deficient2 (sid2) double mutant, indicating that redundancy between EDS1 and SID2-dependent SA, previously reported for effector-triggered immunity conditioned by certain nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich repeat receptors, does not explain the dispensability of EDS1 and SID2 in defense against GPA. Mutation of a conserved serine (S118) in the predicted lipase catalytic triad of PAD4 abolished PAD4-conditioned antibiosis and deterrence against GPA feeding, but S118 was dispensable for deterring GPA settling and promoting senescence in GPA-infested plants as well as for pathogen resistance. These results highlight distinct molecular activities of PAD4 determining particular aspects of defense against aphids and pathogens.
Isolation of filamentous fungi from sputum in asthma is associated with reduced post‐bronchodilator FEV1
Authors: Agbetile J. , Fairs A. , Desai D. , Hargadon B. , Bourne M. , Mutalithas K. , Edwards R. , Morley J. P. , Monteiro W. R. , Kulkarni N. S. , Green R. H. , Pavord I. D. , Bradding P. , Brightling C. E. , Wardlaw A. J. , Pashley C. H. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBackgroundFungal sensitization is common in severe asthma, but the clinical relevance of this and the relationship with airway colonization by fungi remain unclear. The range of fungi that may colonize the airways in asthma is unknown.ObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive analysis on the range of filamentous fungi isolated in sputum from people with asthma and report the relationship with their clinico‐immunological features of their disease.MethodsWe recruited 126 subjects with a diagnosis of asthma, 94% with moderate‐severe disease, and 18 healthy volunteers. At a single stable visit, subjects underwent spirometry; sputum fungal culture and a sputum cell differential count; skin prick testing to both common aeroallergens and an extended fungal panel; specific IgE to Aspergillus fumigatus. Fungi were identified by morphology and species identity was confirmed by sequencing. Four patients had allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.ResultsForty‐eight percent of asthma subjects were IgE‐sensitized to one fungal allergen and 22% to ≥ 2. Twenty‐seven different taxa of filamentous fungi were isolated from 54% of their sputa, more than one species being detected in 17%. This compared with 3 (17%) healthy controls culturing any fungus (P < 0.01). Aspergillus species were most frequently cultured in isolation followed by Penicillium species. Post‐bronchodilator FEV
1 (% predicted) in the subjects with asthma was 71(± 25) in those with a positive fungal culture vs. 83 (± 25) in those culture‐negative, (P < 0.01).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceNumerous thermotolerant fungi other than A. fumigatus can be cultured from sputum of people with moderate‐to‐severe asthma; a positive culture is associated with an impaired post‐bronchodilator FEV
1, which might be partly responsible for the development of fixed airflow obstruction in asthma. Sensitization to these fungi is also common.
Effect of sonication on the bioactive, quality and rheological characteristics of fruit smoothies
Authors: Keenan Derek F. , Tiwari Brijesh K. , Patras Ankit , Gormley Ronan , Butler Francis , Brunton Nigel P. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryPower ultrasound was investigated as a nonthermal processing technique for fruit smoothies. Smoothies were sonicated at different amplitude levels (24.4–61.0 μm) for processing times (3–10 min). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolics (TP), colour parameters, particle size and rheological characteristics were assessed. Sensory evaluation was conducted on selected samples for acceptability. Highest reductions in TAC (P < 0.001) and TP (P < 0.001) were observed at the maximum amplitude level (61.0 μm). Sonication reduced colour and rheological parameters and shortened particle size compared with fresh and thermal smoothies. However, sonicated samples received satisfactory (>3) sensory acceptability scores. Response surface methodology was applied to determine the effect of amplitude level and processing time on TP, TAC and colour parameters. A second‐order polynomial model fitted well to TP (R2 = 0.74) and TAC (0.79) experimental data. Lower values were obtained for colour parameters, possibly because of processing limitations. Alternatives to overcome these limitations are discussed.