bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intralesional Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine Versus Formic Acid Puncture in the Treatment of Common Warts: A Prospective Randomised Study
Authors: D'Souza Myfanwy J. , Hundi Ganesh K. , Dandekeri Sukumar , Jayaraman Jyothi 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Many therapeutic modalities have been reported for the treatment of warts: a common bothersome condition; however, no single treatment is completely effective.

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intralesional injection of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and to compare its efficacy with 85% formic acid puncture for common warts.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective comparative study.

Methods and Material:
A total of 60 patients, divided into two groups, were included in the study. Group A received an intralesional MMR vaccine of 0.3 ml per lesion, and group B received 85% formic acid puncture into each lesion with a maximum of 10 warts treated in each case. Five sessions were conducted every 2 weeks in each case with a follow-up period of 3 months to check for recurrence.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Chi-square test, Fisher's test and t-test were used for statistical analysis. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
In group A, the complete response was observed in 62.5%, partial response in 8% and no response in 4.1% of patients. In group B, the complete response was observed in 31.8%, partial response in 63.6% and no response in 4.5% of patients. The difference in cure rates was found to be statistically significant with a P value of 0.031. No recurrence was observed in both groups in the follow-up period.

Conclusions:
Immunotherapy by intralesional MMR vaccine is a simple, well-tolerated, effective and cost–benefit modality for the treatment of warts and showed a statistically significant cure rate than formic acid therapy.
Evaluation of Dermatology Life Quality Index, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scores of Patients with Genital Dermatoses
Authors: Temel Berkay , Orenay Ozge M. , Yigit Dilek , Kaymak Derya , Karaosmanoglu Nermin , Eksioglu Hatice M. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Genital dermatoses contain a group of diseases that affect the skin of the genital area. Genital dermatoses are classified as venereal and nonvenereal. They can affect a patient's life quality and can cause depression, anxiety and stress.

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the quality of life index, depression, stress and anxiety in patients with genital dermatoses.

Materials and Methods:
Patients admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic with genital skin complaints between October 2020 and March 2021 were included. A questionnaire including demographic information, a 10-item dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and a 21-item depression anxiety stress score (DASS-21) was filled out by the patients and was calculated.

Results:
A total of 103 patients were included in this study. Seventy-seven (74.8%) were male and 26 (25.2%) were female. A total of 48.5% (n = 50) patients had venereal genital dermatoses, and 51.5% (n = 53) of the patients had nonvenereal genital dermatoses. In the venereal diseases, syphilis had the highest DLQI, depression, anxiety and stress score while in the nonvenereal diseases, scabies had the highest DLQI, depression, anxiety and stress score. In the nonvenereal group, the mean DLQI score, depression, anxiety and stress scores were statistically significantly higher than the venereal genital dermatoses group (P < 0.01, P = 0.04, P = 0.03 and P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
The quality of life of patients with genital dermatoses is often poor, with significant levels of depression, anxiety and stress. We believe that screening these patients with DLQI and DASS-21 scores at their first admission and follow-up will benefit dermatologists and patients.
Desnutrin as a Biomarker for Insulin Resistance in Patients with Vitiligo Vulgaris
Authors: El-Hamd Mohammed Abu , Sedky Ahmed , Mahmoud Asmaa B. , Abd El-Magid Wafaa M. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Vitiligo is a common depigmented skin disorder characterised by the selective destruction of melanocytes.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to assess serum desnutrin and its association with insulin resistance in patients with vitiligo vulgaris.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional case-control study. It included 45 patients with vitiligo vulgaris and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients were subjected to complete general and cutaneous evaluations. All participants were subjected to the assay of fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting serum insulin and serum desnutrin. Homeostasis Model Assessment + insulin resistance (HOMA + IR) was calculated for all participants.

Results:
There were statistically significant differences between the patients with vitiligo vulgaris and healthy controls regarding HDL, FBG, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum desnutrin (P < 0.001). Desnutrin levels were negatively correlated with FBS, LDL, VLDL, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). Unlikely, the level of desnutrin had a positive, non-significant correlation with HDL (rho = 0.17, P = 0.059).

Conclusion:
This study concluded that in patients with vitiligo vulgaris, as a result of increased serum levels of glucose and insulin, the serum desnutrin was suppressed, perhaps contributing to hyperlipidaemia and IR. So, low serum desnutrin could be a biomarker for IR in patients with vitiligo vulgaris. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the early detection of diabetes mellitus, IR and hyperlipidemia among patients with vitiligo vulgaris to avoid cardiovascular and metabolic complications.
Emerging Treatments for Reactive Cutaneous Capillary Endothelial Proliferation
Authors: Liu Yi , Chen Tiancheng , Zhang Chao , Pan Weihua 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP) is a common, burdensome adverse event that occurs in up to 88% of patients treated with camrelizumab. Without treatment, RCCEP is associated with social stigma and low quality of life. However, the optimal management of RCCEP remains inconclusive.

Aims and Objectives:
to elucidate the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of RCCEP and systematically review the existing different therapeutic options for this dermatologic toxicity to encourage the selection of the most appropriate approaches for individual comprehensive management.

Materials and Methods:
As far as we know, we have systematically reviewed all cases complicated with RCCEP worldwide, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of existing treatment methods. In addition, we report a successful case of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in a 61-year-old male Chinese patient who developed RCCEP after camrelizumab immunotherapy. Owing to the patient's advanced age, complicated medication history, and hyperalgesia, ALA-PDT was performed. The multiple lesions on his chest and buttocks showed rapid relief within 1 week of a single treatment session. Clinical recurrence was not observed within 6 months following treatment.

Results:
The current treatment of RCCEP is challenging and there is a lack of globally recommendations based on strict therapeutic regimens or clinical trials. Based on this case, we found that ALA-PDT is a safe and effective treatment option for RCCEP. This case also highlights the coexistence of several camrelizumab-induced dermatologic immune-related adverse events, which has never been reported before.

Conclusion:
New therapies for RCCEP have emerged in recent years. Dermatologists should raise better awareness of the complexity of drug eruption and the need for early diagnosis and medical intervention.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamaldehyde in a Mouse Model of 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Ustaoglu Eda , Turkoglu Zafer , Ulgen Ovgu A. , Caytemel Ceyda , Agirgol Senay 
Published: May 2024

Background:
This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamaldehyde in atopic dermatitis (AD) in the mouse model.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-four mice were divided into four groups: Group A (control), group B [AD with no treatment (AD + NoTre)], group C [AD with corticosteroids (AD + Cort)] and group D [AD with cinnamaldehyde (AD + Cin)]. 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene was used to form the AD model. Topical corticosteroid was applied to group C, and oral cinnamaldehyde was administered to group D. Dorsal skin biopsies were evaluated immunohistochemically with interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin and caspase-3.

Results:
Epithelial thicknesses were significantly higher in group B–D mice compared to group A (P = 0.002, 0.009, 0.004, respectively). Significantly, higher staining with IL-25 was observed in group B (AD + NoTre) and group D (AD + Cin) than in group A (control) (P = 0.003, 0.002, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed between group D (AD + Cin) and group B (AD + NoTre). All three groups (B–D) had significantly higher staining in terms of diffuseness of IL-33 compared to group A (control) (P = 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, respectively). Caspase-3 staining was significantly lower in group D (AD + Cin) than in group B (AD + NoTre) (P = 0.003, 0.002, respectively). Moreover, caspase-3 staining intensity was significantly lower in group D (AD + Cin) than in group C (AD + Cort) (P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated that IL-33, IL-25 and caspase-3 have a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde reduced caspase-3 activity more than topical corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory effects might be investigated in AD therapy with future studies.
Cutaneous Adnexal Tumours
Authors: Sharma Nitu , Nakra Tripti , Agarwal Shipra , Gupta Vishal , Singh Manoj Kumar , Arava Sudheer 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cutaneous adnexal tumours (CATs) are one of the commonest clinical presentations in dermatology outpatients. They constitute a subset of skin tumours with a common clinical presentation and variable histological findings. Almost all of them clinically present as a subcutaneous nodule. Depending upon the site and distribution, the clinician can suspect the diagnosis. However, histopathological examination is the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis and proper subtyping of CATs.

Aims:
The present study is conducted to see the overall spectrum, incidence and distribution of CATs in a large cohort at the tertiary care centre with their clinical profile.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study in which all the CATs diagnosed over a period of 5 years (2015 to 2019) in a tertiary care hospital were studied. Clinical data were recorded from the histopathology requisition forms.

Results:
Three hundred and ninety-five cases of CATs were retrieved. Approximately 90% of cases were benign and 10% were malignant. The age of presentation ranged from 8 months to 81 years with male preponderance in all the histological subtypes. The most common site was the head and neck followed by the extremities. Morphologically, the maximum cases showed a differentiation towards sweat glands (44%), followed by sebaceous (29%), follicular (26.5%) and apocrine differentiation (5.3%). Malignant tumours were common in the elderly age group with sebaceous carcinoma being the commonest.

Conclusion:
CATs comprise of a wide spectrum of tumours occurring in all age groups. Malignant CATs are rare and common in older age groups. Histopathological examination is the gold standard in distinguishing between the different subtypes.
Assessment of Effects of Low-Level Light Therapy on Scalp Condition and Hair Growth
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Son Hyung Seok , Yu Da-Ae , Choe Yong Beom , Lee Yang Won 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The appearance of the scalp and hair is very important aesthetically regardless of age or sex. Although there are many drugs and treatment methods for scalp problems and hair loss, the treatment response is still insufficient.

Aims and Objectives:
To evaluate the efficacy of low-level light therapy in a helmet-like device.

Materials and Methods:
This study was designed as a 24-week trial with 50 participants. All participants used a helmet-shaped device emitting 630–690, 820–880, and 910–970 nm light wavelengths, for 20 minutes, daily for 24 weeks. A phototrichogram for hair density and thickness, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale score, erythema index, and sebum secretions of the scalp were evaluated at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks.

Results:
After 24 weeks of treatment, hair density and hair thickness were found to have significantly increased (P <.01 and P =0.013, respectively) and sebum secretion of vertex area had decreased significantly (P <.01). Of 49 participants, 73.47% of the participants showed improvement in the overall appearance of the scalp (n = 36).

Conclusion:
A helmet-like low-level light therapy device can improve the appearance of the hair, with thickening and increase in the density of the hair, and can improve scalp condition by decreasing sebum secretion.
A Study of NLRC4 in Patients with Leprosy
Authors: Batta Salma Masaad , El Far Nashwa Naeem , Soliman Nema Ali , Nassar Samia Othman 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome appears to start many signalling processes inside the host, including caspase-1, the principal protease responsible for converting proIL-1β and IL-18 to active, secreted IL-1β and IL-18, resulting in pyroptosis.

Aims:
To evaluate NLRC4 level in patient's blood serum to highlight its role in the pathogenesis of leprosy.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted on 40 patients with leprosy and 30 healthy individuals of matched ages and sexes. All patients were subjected to complete history taking, general and dermatological examination, laboratory investigations, slit skin smear with bacillary index, and clinical classification of the studied leprosy group patients regarding disability according to disability grading. And finally, measurement of serum NLRC4 level by ELISA.

Results:
In the paucibacillary (PB) group, NLRC4 serum level ranged from 0.9 to 1.8 ng/ml with 1.43 ± 0.28 ng/ml, while in the multibacillary (MB) group, it ranged from 1.2 to 5.7 ng/ml with 2.83 ± 1.11 ng/ml. NLRC4 serum level had increased significantly in MB patients compared to PB patients (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference among the three studied groups, regarding the serum level of NLRC4 (P < 0.05). In leprosy patients, significant positive correlations were found between serum levels of NLRC4 and bacillary index and duration of leprosy.

Conclusions:
Leprosy patients had considerably greater serum levels of NLRC4 than controls. It was much greater in MB patients than in PB patients.
Immune Cell Profiling of Atopic Dermatitis Patients Before and After Treatment with Halometasone Cream Wet-Wrap Therapy by Single-Cell Sequencing
Authors: Gu Xiao-Guang , Yu Xin , Zhou Bo-Yang , Li Ming , Xu Wei , Li Yan , Li Lin-Feng 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
Peripheral blood immune cell profiling of atopic dermatitis patients before and after treatment by single-cell RNA sequencing technique has not been reported. To study the immune Cell Profiling of Atopic Dermatitis Patients Before and After Treatment with Halometasone Cream Wet-Wrap Therapy.

Methods:
We used single cell sequencing to detect the proportion change and gene expression change of immune cells in 2 patients before and after treatment, and then used real-time PCR to confirm the mRNA level of differential genes.

Results:
In this study, scRNA-seq in two patients with severe AD before and after halometasone cream wet-wrap therapy showed that in the mild severity of AD after treatment, Th2 cells were significantly decreased (41.2% vs 13.4%), Th1 and Th17 cells were increased (23.3% vs 43.7%, 2.3% vs 4.8% respectively). The proportion of Th22 cells did not change much (1.3% vs 1.9%). Tregs were significantly increased also (1.5% vs 5.0%). In the regulatory T cells, the expression of IL-27, PD-1, CD103, CTLA-4, ZNF-66, IL-β, CD7 gene was specifically increased after treatment, and CD39, P21, TOX2, CD151, CD79A, S100A12, TRAP1 gene was specifically decreased after treatment. In the TH2 cells, the expression of CD27, CD68, EZH1, RAD1, EGFR, CCR10, BCL11A, KLF4 gene was specifically increased after treatment and CCL26, CD180, IL-31, CCL22, LEF1, OX40 gene was specifically decreased after treatment.

Conclusions:
These genes may be new target for further study.
Rare Tumors of Skin
Authors: Özkan Melekber Ç. , Kaya Caner , Çiçek İlker , Doğan Zeynep D.A. , Kocaaslan Nihal D. , Saçak Bülent , Cinel Zeliha L. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cutaneous adnexal tumors (CATs) are a large group of neoplasms of the skin and the pathological diagnosis can be challenging.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine clinicopathological features of malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors (MCATs) and to identify therapeutic and prognostic implications.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-six patients diagnosed with MCATs and operated in our center were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, tumor size, histological subtype, perineural and lymphovascular invasion, re-excision status, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, recurrence, follow-up, and treatment choice were recorded. All lesions were excised with 1 to 2-cm surgical margin. Surgical margin was determined according to tumor size.

Results:
Of 26 patients, 14 were males and 12 were females (median age: 66 years). Median follow-up was 52.08 months. Tumor location was the face in 69.2% (n = 18) patients, followed by scalp and neck region. Four patients had coexisting skin tumors. Majority of MCATs (69.2%, n = 18) originated from sweat glands. Median tumor diameter was 4 (range, 0.8 to 17) cm. There was a statistically significant correlation between presence of perineural invasion and advanced disease (P = 0.036). Majority of the patients had Stage 1-2 disease, while two patients had Stage 4 disease. In six patients (23.1%), re-excision was performed due to surgical margin positivity.

Conclusion:
Incidence of MCATs has an increasing trend with advanced age and these tumors are more commonly seen in men and in visible sites of the body such as head and neck and scalp. Wide resection according to tumor size is the first-line treatment.
The Comparison between Microneedling and Fractional CO2 Laser for Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium and Vitamin C in Photoaging Treatment
Authors: Indramaya Diah M. , Listiawan Muhammad Y. , Citrashanty Irmadita , Sari Maylita , Umborowati Menul A. , Adiningtyas Vidyani , Pitasari Dyah A. , Ayu Agatha A. , Rantam Fedik A. , Prakoeswa Cita R. S. 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Photoaging correlates with ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In addition to direct and indirect DNA damage, UVR leads to a breakdown of collagen, resulting in enlarged pores, visible wrinkles, also uneven skin tones and pigmentations. Amniotic membrane stem cell (AMSC) can be a useful modality in cell regeneration. Vitamin C has been known as an agent of depigmentation, antioxidants, and collagen synthesis. A topical combination of amniotic membrane stem cell-conditioned medium (AMSC-CM) and vitamin C is expected to improve photoaging. Fractional CO2 laser and microneedling served as transdermal drug delivery.

Aims:
To compare between microneedling and fractional CO2 laser for the administration of AMSC-CM and vitamin C in photoaging treatment.

Methods and Material:
Sixty Indonesian women with photoaged skins participated in this experimental analytic, controlled, matching research and were divided into two groups. Thirty women received fractional CO2 laser, and others received microneedling. All participants received a topical combination of AMSC-CM and vitamin C. Three treatment sessions were repeated at a four-week interval for fractional CO2 laser and a two-week interval for microneedling. We evaluated the progression and side effects using a skin analyzer on weeks 0, 4, and 8 for the microneedling group and for the fractional CO2 laser group on weeks 0, 4, and 12.

Results:
Assessment of wrinkles, UV spots, skin tone, and pore revealed a statistically significant effect of a topical combination of AMSC-CM and vitamin C after fractional CO2 laser (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Combination of AMSC-CM and vitamin c using fractional CO2 laser can improve photoaging and is better compared to microneedling.
Griscelli Syndrome in Skin of Color
Authors: Shah Swapnil D. , Ankad Balachandra S. , Smitha Sankappanavara V. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder, belongs to group of “silvery hair syndromes” which includes Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) and Elejalde syndrome. Hair light microscopy helps in the differentiation of GS and CHS, as both manifest with clinical features. Trichoscopy is useful in the diagnosis of many hair shaft disorders. Here, authors describe the trichoscopic features of GS in skin of color.

Materials and Methods:
This was an observational study conducted in a private dermatology clinic and in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 5 cases of suspected GS were referred by pediatrician. Consent was obtained. The demographic data in terms of age, gender, consanguinity, and clinical history was documented. Trichoscopic examination was performed with FotoFinder videodermoscope with 20× magnification, the clinical images were captured with Medicam 1000. Trichoscopy showed large and irregular pigment clumps in 4 cases. One case demonstrated hypopigmentation of hair without pigment clumps [Figure 3a].

Results:
Trichoscopy showed large and irregular pigment clumps in 4 cases. One case demonstrated hypopigmentation of hair without pigment clumps.

Conclusion:
Trichoscopy shows characteristic features GS. It is a useful method when facility for light or polarized microscope is unavailable.