bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EU Terminology in Interpreter Training: Selected Problem Areas Connected With EU-Related Texts
Authors: Kościałkowska-Okońska Ewa 
Published: June 2011

The presentation refers to the entire area of translating legal terminology, in particular to the translation of EU law-related texts that are especially vital for translating the acquis communautaire. This area of translation (and interpreting) services has been developing rapidly. The language used in documents is specialist and, at the same time, specific, due to the terminology used. Both the translator and the interpreter face the responsibility and the obligation to observe and apply translation strategies, consistently selected and considering the already existing and valid names, terms, concepts, definitions etc., by means of such available sources of information as dictionaries, encyclopedias, lexicons or special glossaries. Problems that translators and interpreters may encounter focus, to a large extent, on (un)translatability of certain terms, ambiguity of EU-speak or textual coherence, or the absence of it, which results from unclear, vague or ambiguous style of the original. On the other hand, the challenge for the translator/interpreter is constant care of the quality of the text created in Polish, which substantially affects the standard level and quality of Polish that we use everyday. Quality is the concept in translation and interpreting closely related with successful performance and communication (with all its aspects). The attempt at quality description in this context, apart from subjective impressions resulting from our understanding of the importance of features that good - competent - translation and effective communication should have, cannot be devoid of focusing on three principal factors, i.e., the translator/interpreter (as the text author/producer), translation/interpreting process and product, which is the result of this process and, finally, involvement (and competence) on the part of the translator/interpreter. All the above aspects pose a real challenge for the translator/interpreter focusing on legal terminology.
Selected aspects of the aforementioned issues shall be verified in a case study conducted on trainee interpreters.
Speed Traps and the Right of Silence
Authors: Kurzon Dennis 
Published: June 2011

In two English cases which reached the European Court of Human Rights in the mid-2000s, it was argued that the statutory requirement on the part of a motorist who has been caught speeding to give the police information concerning the identity of the driver of the car at the time of the offence is a violation of the right of silence by which a person should not be put into a position that s/he incriminates him/herself. The right of silence is one of the conventional interpretations of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
As well as a study on the right of silence with regard to written texts, this paper also investigates the two cases in terms of icons and indices: a text may be indexical of a basic human right, and then may become an icon of that right. The European Court of Human Rights considers the particular section of the relevant statute as an icon of the "regulatory regime".
Acylation of aromatic compounds by acid anhydrides using Preyssler's anion [NaP5W30O110]14- and heteropolyacids as green catalysts
Authors: Gharib Ali , Jahangir Manouchehr , Scheeren J. 
Published: June 2011

Acylation of aromatic compounds by acid anhydrides using Preyssler's anion [NaP5W30O110]14- and heteropolyacids as green catalysts
The Preyssler, Wells-Dowson and Keggin heteropolyacids are efficient and eco-friendly solid acid catalysts for the acylation of electron-rich aromatic compounds with acid anhydrides. The performance of different forms of heteropolyacids was compared. In all the cases, the best results were obtained using the Preyssler heteropolyacid as the catalyst. In the presence of 25 mol% (with respect to H+ equivalency) Preyssler catalyst, highly para-selective acetylation of anisole occurs using two equivalents of acetic anhydride, in 15 min at room temperature. The isolated yield of the p-methoxyacetophenone product is 98%.
The effect of reaction conditions on the precipitation of sodium hexafluorosilicate produced from waste hexafluorosilicic acid
Authors: Batiha Marwan , Al-Harahsheh Mohammad 
Published: June 2011

The effect of reaction conditions on the precipitation of sodium hexafluorosilicate produced from waste hexafluorosilicic acid
The purpose of the study is to investigate the optimum conditions for the precipitation of sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na2SiF6) from waste hexafluorosilicic acid, an effluent from the phosphoric acid industry. Sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide were used as reactants to produce Na2SiF6. The effect of various parameters on the precipitation was investigated and includes; the molar ratio of the reactants, contact time, the temperature and the effect of seeding.
The optimum reaction conditions were found to be as follows; excess sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide to hexafluorosilicic acid of 25%, contact time 40 minutes and a reaction temperature of 40°C.
The reaction of hexafluorosilicic acid with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride at optimum conditions gave a maximum yield of 94.26% Na2SiF6 while the reaction of hexafluorosilicic acid with the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at optimum conditions gave a maximum yield of 97.3% Na2SiF6. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the only crystals present in the precipitate are Na2SiF6. Also, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis shows that the different morphology of these crystals depend on the precipitation conditions.
An alternative method to determine the diffusion coefficient for the shrinking core model
Authors: Kwiatkowska-Marks Sylwia , Wójcik Marek , Kopiński Leonard 
Published: June 2011

An alternative method to determine the diffusion coefficient for the shrinking core model
A new method to determine the effective diffusion coefficient of sorbate in sorbent granule based on the analytical solution of the shrinking core model (SCM) has been proposed. The experimental data presented by Lewandowski and Roe1 concerning the sorption of copper ions by alginate granules have been applied to compare the analytical and numerical methods. The results obtained by both methods are very close.
Pilot study of the influence of thermoplastic starch based polymer packaging material on the growth of diatom population in sea water environment
Authors: Guzman Agnieszka , Janik Helena , Mastalerz Marta , Kosakowska Alicja 
Published: June 2011

Pilot study of the influence of thermoplastic starch based polymer packaging material on the growth of diatom population in sea water environment
Novel polymeric packaging materials susceptible to environmentally friendly decomposition appeared on the global market. The paper is devoted to an investigation of the impact of degradable polymer packaging on marine life. The chosen polymer was a commercial packaging based on thermoplastic starch (TPS over 85%). The microorganism chosen was Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatom (identified in many aquatic reservoirs, with a tendency to flow with seawater plankton in places of great saline oscillation). The packaging material was incubated both in natural seawater and in the presence of diatom population. The chlorophyll a content was determined as the criterion of diatom growth in the presence of tested polymers. The polymer surface and the colour changes in the diatom culture were recorded photographically. The presence of polymeric samples significantly changed the kinetic of diatom growth in seawater during incubation affecting its biological balance. During the experiment in seawater, diatom adhered to polymer surfaces and the polymer stimulated their growth.
Novel catalytic method synthesis of calix[4]pyrroles using Preyssler and Wells-Dawson heteropolyacids
Authors: Gharib Ali , Jahangir Manouchehr , Scheeren J. 
Published: June 2011

Novel catalytic method synthesis of calix[4]pyrroles using Preyssler and Wells-Dawson heteropolyacids
A catalytic synthesis of calix[4]pyrroles and N-confused calix[4]pyrroles by reaction of dialkyl or cycloalkyl ketones with pyrrole was performed using Preyssler, sodium30-tungsto pentaphosphate, [NaP5W30O110]14- and Wells-Dawson heteropolyacids as acidic catalysts. The process occurred under mild, eco-friendly and environmental friendly conditions and as a reusable, green catalyst at room temperature for 6 hours. The results showed that the yield for this synthesis is excellent with the use of Preyssler and Wells-Dawson type tungstophosphoric heteropolyacid, H6[P2W18O62], catalysts. The synthesis reaction of calix[4]pyrroles and N-confused calix[4]pyrroles was developed using different solvents and the best yields were obtained in chloroform.
THEORY OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION: 2. Soil and intercepted water evaporation
Authors: Budagovskyi Anatolij , Novák Viliam 
Published: June 2011

THEORY OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION: 2. Soil and intercepted water evaporationEvaporation of water from the soil is described and quantified. Formation of the soil dry surface layer is quantitatively described, as a process resulting from the difference between the evaporation and upward soil water flux to the soil evaporating level. The results of evaporation analysis are generalized even for the case of water evaporation from the soil under canopy and interaction between evaporation rate and canopy transpiration is accounted for. Relationships describing evapotranspiration increase due to evaporation of the water intercepted by canopy are presented. Indirect methods of evapotranspiration estimation are discussed, based on the measured temperature profiles and of the air humidity, as well as of the net radiation and the soil heat fluxes.
Cardioprotective activity of flax lignan concentrate extracted from seeds of Linum usitatissimum in isoprenalin induced myocardial necrosis in rats
Authors: Zanwar Anand , Hegde Mahabaleshwar , Bodhankar Subhash 
Published: June 2011

Cardioprotective activity of flax lignan concentrate extracted from seeds ofLinum usitatissimumin isoprenalin induced myocardial necrosis in ratsThe objective of the study was to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of flax lignan concentrate (FLC) in isoprenalin (ISO) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats (200-230 g) were divided into three groups. Group I: control, Group II: isoprenalin, Group III: FLC (500 mg/kg, p.o.) orally for 8 days and in group II and III isoprenalin 5.25 mg/kg, s.c. on day 9 and 8.5 mg/kg on day 10. On day 10 estimation of marker enzymes in serum and haemodynamic parameters were recorded. Animals were sacrificed, histology of heart was performed. Isoprenalin showed cardiotoxicity, manifested by increased levels of marker enzymes and increased heart rate. FLC treatment reversed these biochemical changes significantly compared with ISO group. The cardiotoxic effect of isoprenalin was less in FLC pretreated animals, which was confirmed in histopathological alterations. Haemodynamic, biochemical alteration and histopathological results suggest a cardioprotective protective effect of FLC in isoprenalin induced cardiotoxicity.
Effect of habitat complexity on the distribution of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785) (Crustacea: Cladocera) in a deep lake
Authors: Adamczuk Małgorzata 
Published: June 2011

Effect of habitat complexity on the distribution of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785) (Crustacea: Cladocera) in a deep lake
The aim of the study was to compare the density, body size, and reproduction of the cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785), in various habitats of Lake Piaseczno (38.8 m deep) in eastern Poland. Samples were taken in the littoral zone (from emergent and submerged vegetation, as well as from open water and the surface layer of water above submerged vegetation) and in the pelagic zone (from the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion). The results show that C. quadrangula prefers the littoral zone, as it achieves there much higher values of the analysed variables than in the pelagic zone. The number and size of adults (including ovigerous females), as well as brood size achieved equally high values in emergent and submerged vegetation, and much lower values in the other habitats (including pelagic ones). Juveniles also preferred to stay in the littoral zone but displayed clear preferences to none of the habitats.
Contribution to the knowledge of ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) in the Palm House in Poznań
Authors: Niedbała Wojciech 
Published: June 2011

Contribution to the knowledge of ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) in the Palm House in Poznań
In soil samples from the Palm House (Palmiarnia) in Poznań city, six alien and six native mite species of the ptyctimous were found. Nearly half of them are semicosmopolitan but two of them are not native to Europe. One of the species, Phthiracarus phoxos Niedbała 2004, is endemic to Cuba. Supposedly the wellbeing of the exotic fauna depends on the presence of exotic soil and careful addition of native soil.
Behavioural ecology of a tea pest, Andraca bipunctata (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), in the Sub-Himalayan climate of Darjeeling (India)
Authors: Ghorai Narayan , Raut Srimanta , Bhattacharyya Asit 
Published: June 2011

Behavioural ecology of a tea pest, Andraca bipunctata (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), in the Sub-Himalayan climate of Darjeeling (India)
The summer generation (G1) of Andraca bipunctata Walker in Darjeeling was confined to May-December and the winter generation (G2) extended from August to June. One female laid on average 480 and 526 eggs in G1 and G2, respectively. Larvae fed on Camellia sinensis and C. assamica leaves. Duration of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars were 7, 7, 6, 6 and 6 days in G1, and 20, 20, 24, 72 and 33 days in G2, respectively. Temperature seems to greatly influence the duration of its life stages. A fungus (Paecilomyces tenuipes Samson), garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin), and several bird species (Stachyris nigriceps Blyth, Spelaeornis caudatus (Blyth) and Dendrocitta frontalis Horsefield) were found effective in reducing the population of A. bipunctata.
The Normal Body - Anthropology of Bodily Otherness
Authors: Eichberg Henning 
Published: June 2011

The Normal Body - Anthropology of Bodily OthernessHuman biology and medical science focus on the normality of the human body. This focus deserves, however, to be questioned. Cultural studies, in contrast, focus on normalities in plural - normalities of diverse cultures, revealed by comparison and under the historical perspective of change. The normality and otherness of bodily ageing delivers pictures for this analytical problem, among these the figure of the shaman, the elderly as healer.Normality is connected with power. That is why the cultural analysis of normalization can be connected with the theory of democracy, especially with the understanding of human sovereignty and equality, otherness and recognition.Likewise, the theory of sports as a field of trialectic tensions opens up concrete, bodily differences. The body of the Japanese sumo wrestler delivers a living picture of how to relate to bodily otherness. This leads to a deeper understanding of the politics of recognition and of bodily relativity. Additionaly, normality in terms of biology and normalities in terms of cultural studies need to be confronted within a critical dialogue.
Identity, Recognition or Redistribution through Sport?
Authors: Jarvie Grant 
Published: June 2011

Identity, Recognition or Redistribution through Sport?Identity has long since been a key concept within historical, sociological and philosophical enquires into sport. This article asserts that identity politics in sport is not enough and alternative forms of thinking about identity need to challenge the conventional wisdom that identity for identity sake is sufficient. By introducing the notions recognition and re-distribution this research attempts to move the field of sport on. Only by looking at alternative conceptions of the links between identity, redistribution and recognition can we meet the requirements of justice for all through and in sport. This article addresses the following concerns (i) sport in the age of identity politics; (ii) from identity politics to recognition through sport and (iii) from recognition through sport to redistribution and social justice.
From Grass Roots to World Class (A Strategy for Delivering Physical Activity)
Authors: Kiraly Istvan , Gál Andrea 
Published: June 2011

From Grass Roots to World Class (A Strategy for Delivering Physical Activity)During the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the Hungarian sports team's performance was worse than expected by most of the Hungarian people and the leaders of the Hungarian sports establishment. The Hungarian athletes returned home with a much lower medal tally than in previous decades. More than two years have elapsed since the Olympic Games, but instead of analysing the real reasons for the poor performance, most of the debates in Hungary are about whether we will restore our reputation by taking 8-10 gold medals in the 2012 London Olympics.People in the United Kingdom are also full of hope for a great medal tally in London, not just because of the "home team advantage" but also by reason of the UK's outstanding performance in 2008. The British team finished fourth in the final medal table at the Beijing Olympic Games despite their poor performance one-and-half decades ago in Atlanta, surprising not just the British but also the whole world. By this time, the British strategy was to invest not just in elite sports but also in grass-roots participation sports. If Hungary wants to enhance its elite sports, it must engage in similar changes. It is clear from the latest data that the Hungarian XXI Sports Strategy's aim of making Hungary a sporting nation seems an illusion. Participation sports, which are the foundation of national sporting success and provide the future talents for the elite sports sector, are in need of urgent and substantive reform.By means of secondary analyses and document analyses this article discusses the current state of British sport using the latest data. It then examines recent reforms in English participation sports as well as the latest sports strategy in England and its objectives. In all this, it makes comparison with what is happening in Hungary. The upshot is that Hungary and Britain differ at many points throughout the whole process, from strategy planning to implementation. These contrasts explain the differences in the effectiveness of the British and Hungarian processes. We hope that the outcome of this examination of the efficient Western European process and its comparison with the unsuccessful Hungarian system will assist those responsible for the development of participation sports and elite sports in Hungary.
Athletes as tourists: Consumer Behaviour of Participants at the 2007 and 2009 World Universiade Games
Authors: Turco Douglas , Papadimitrou Dimitra , Berber Serkan 
Published: June 2011

Athletes as tourists: Consumer Behaviour of Participants at the 2007 and 2009 World Universiade GamesConsiderable research has been devoted to sport mega-events including the Olympic Games, the FIFA World Cup, and the Commonwealth Games. Yet few studies have focused on the lesser known or "second tier" international sport events in order to understand the patterns and the impact of participant consumption. Further, few sport event studies are extended beyond a single assessment. This study examines a recurring sport event, the World Universiade Summer Games, that took place in two different countries, Belgrade, Serbia and Bangkok, Thailand. A profile of participants at the 2007 and 2009 Universiades was generated to reveal and compare their consumer behaviour in the host cities and over time. Subjects were queried on-site during selected days of competition (N=441, 2007; N=221, 2009). Findings demonstrate a remarkable consistency in participant characteristics and local spend from 2007 to 2009, though the amount spent per night was considerably less than the average per night spend by other types of tourists in the host countries, suggesting that Universiade athletes are non high-value tourists. Discussion and implications of findings to sport and tourism destination scholars and marketers are presented.
Cyclic Voltammetric Studies of Tellurium in Diluted HNO3 Solutions
Authors: Rudnik E. , Sobesto J. 
Published: June 2011

Cyclic Voltammetric Studies of Tellurium in Diluted HNO3SolutionsElectrochemistry of tellurium stationary electrode was studied in nitric acid solutions of pH 2.0 and 2.5. Two sparingly soluble products were formed at potentials above 200 mV (SCE): TeO2and H2TeO3. H2TeO3and TeO2could dissolve to HTeO+2under acidic electrolyte, but this process was hindered at pH 2.5. Cathodic polarization of tellurium electrode below -800 mV was accompanied by evolution of H2Te, which was then oxidized at the potentials approx. -700 mV.
Numerical Models of Hardening Phenomena of Tools Steel Base on the TTT and CCT Diagrams
Authors: Domański T. , Bokota A. 
Published: June 2011

Numerical Models of Hardening Phenomena of Tools Steel Base on the TTT and CCT DiagramsIn work the presented numerical models of tool steel hardening processes take into account thermal phenomena, phase transformations and mechanical phenomena. Numerical algorithm of thermal phenomena was based on the Finite Elements Methods in Galerkin formula of the heat transfer equations. In the model of phase transformations, in simulations heating process, isothermal or continuous heating (CHT) was applied, whereas in cooling process isothermal or continuous cooling (TTT, CCT) of the steel at issue. The phase fraction transformed (austenite) during heating and fractions of ferrite, pearlite or bainite are determined by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami formulas. The nescent fraction of martensite is determined by Koistinen and Marburger formula or modified Koistinen and Marburger formula. In the model of mechanical phenomena, apart from thermal, plastic and structural strain, also transformations plasticity was taken into account. The stress and strain fields are obtained using the solution of the Finite Elements Method of the equilibrium equation in rate form. The thermophysical constants occurring in constitutive relation depend on temperature and phase composite. For determination of plastic strain the Huber-Misses condition with isotropic strengthening was applied whereas for determination of transformation plasticity a modified Leblond model was used. In order to evaluate the quality and usefulness of the presented models a numerical analysis of temperature field, phase fraction, stress and strain associated hardening process of a fang lathe of cone shaped made of tool steel was carried out.