bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of current best practices for human milk banking
Authors: Unger Sharon L. , O'Connor Deborah L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMother's/parent milk is the optimal way to feed infants and when unavailable, supplemental donor human milk is preferred. A safe supply of donor human milk should be available for all low birthweight infants for whom it has been shown to reduce morbidity. Human milk banking has been in existence for more than a century, although largely shut down during the 1980s, primarily due to fears of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. With renewed security in milk banking, has come an exponential growth in human donor milk use. Guidelines for milk banking have been published in many countries including Australia, France, India, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the nonprofit organization PATH. The European Milk Bank Association and the Human Milk Banking Association of North America have also published recommendations for milk banks throughout Europe and North America, respectively. Although there is variability among these guidelines, there is general consensus on quality control measures required to provide a supply of safe donor milk. These measures include effective donor screening, safe collection, transport and storage of milk, standardized pasteurization and bacteriological testing. Operational considerations are also critical, such as appropriate training for staff, equipment maintenance and cleaning, protocol and record keeping and inspection and accreditation. Clearly delineating these key quality control measures provides an excellent foundation for establishing international guidelines. Acceptable modifications must be established for low‐ and middle‐income countries that do not have sufficient resources; overly burdensome guidelines may make establishing a milk bank unnecessarily prohibitive. This review presents a summary of current best practices for human milk banking.
Consistent community assembly but contingent species pool effects drive β‐diversity patterns of multiple microbial groups in desert biocrust systems
Authors: Xu Lin , Li Xiangzhen , Tang Xin , Kou Yongping , Li Chaonan , Li Jiabao , Yao Minjie , Zhang Bingchang , Wang Lixia , Xu Hongwei , You Chengming , Li Han , Liu Sining , Zhang Li , Liu Yang , Huang Xiong , Tu Lihua , Tan Bo , Xu Zhenfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne of the key goals of ecology is to understand how communities are assembled. The species co‐existence theory suggests that community β‐diversity is influenced by species pool and community assembly processes, such as environmental filtering, dispersal events, ecological drift and biotic interactions. However, it remains unclear whether there are similar β‐diversity patterns among different soil microbial groups and whether all these mechanisms play significant roles in mediating β‐diversity patterns. By conducting a broad survey across Chinese deserts, we aimed to address these questions by investing biological soil crusts (biocrusts). Through amplicon‐sequencing, we acquired β‐diversity data for multiple microbial groups, that is, soil total bacteria, diazotrophs, phoD‐harbouring taxa, and fungi. Our results have shown varying distance decay rates of β‐diversity across microbial groups, with soil total bacteria showing a weaker distance‐decay relationship than other groups. The impact of the species pool on community β‐diversity varied across microbial groups, with soil total bacteria and diazotrophs being significantly influenced. While the contributions of specific assembly processes to community β‐diversity patterns varied among different microbial groups, significant effects of local community assembly processes on β‐diversity patterns were consistently observed across all groups. Homogenous selection and dispersal limitation emerged as crucial processes for all groups. Precipitation and soil C:P were the key factors mediating β‐diversity for all groups. This study has substantially advanced our understanding of how the communities of multiple microbial groups are structured in desert biocrust systems.
Nurses' satisfaction with an educational web application to prevent transmission of multidrug‐resistant organisms
Authors: Viseskul Nongkran , Kasatpibal Nongyao , Kaewsakol Cholphattha , Kunkhet Arus , Viriyachetkun Sittiporn , Turale Sue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultidrug‐resistant organism infections are a serious health problem globally, and can result in patient mortality and morbidity. In this descriptive study, we produced the first web application for transmission prevention specific to the situation based on nursing experience, knowledge, and practice guidelines and to evaluate web application satisfaction among Thai nurses. The sample comprised 282 Thai registered nurses experienced in caring for patients with multidrug‐resistant organisms in a tertiary hospital. A demographic form and knowledge test were completed anonymously online. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The application emphasized crucial topics for which participants had low preliminary knowledge and included tutorial sessions, pictures, video clips, drills, and a post‐test. The application was piloted with a random sample of 30 nurses, and an instrument tested their satisfaction with this. Results revealed that preliminary knowledge scores for preventing transmission were moderate, and participants were highly satisfied with the application. Findings suggest the application is suitable for Thai nurses and could be applied to nursing practice elsewhere. However, further testing is recommended before implementing it into nursing practice.
Pilot study for three‐dimensional cephalometric Enlow's counterpart analysis: Vertical track. Two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional comparison
Authors: D'Attilio Michele , Falone Giulia , Pipitone Rossana , Moscagiuri Francesco , Caroccia Francesco , Peluso Antonino 
Published: May 2024

Structured AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry has given orthodontists the possibility of studying craniofacial structures in three dimensions. Despite the possibility to obtain lateral cephalograms synthesized from CBCT, this approach still does not provide a fully three‐dimensional evaluation of the patient's anatomy. While there has been some success in adapting traditional two‐dimensional cephalometric analyses to three dimensions, the specific application of Enlow's cephalometric analysis using CBCT remains unexplored.AimThis pilot study aims to introduce a novel approach for performing Enlow's vertical track analysis using CBCT images.Materials and MethodsEighteen CBCT images of skeletal Class I (ANB = 2 ± 2) subjects (12 males and 6 females, aged from 9 to 19 years) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment were selected. For each subject, 2D Enlow's vertical track analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms extracted from the CBCT images, and separately, 3D vertical track analysis was directly performed on the CBCT images. To validate the proposed method, we compared the differences between the posterior vertical counterpart (PVC) and the middle vertical counterpart (MVC), as well as between the middle vertical counterpart (MVC) and the anterior vertical counterpart (AVC), as obtained from both the two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional analyses. The Kolmogorov‐Smirnov normality test was applied for each variable to check whether data were normally distributed and a paired Student's t‐test was performed. The level of statistical significance was .05.ResultsThe comparison between three‐dimensional PVC‐MVC (−0.43 ± 0.37 cm) and two‐dimensional PVC‐MVC (−0.53 ± 0.36 cm) revealed no statistical difference (P = .27). Similarly, no significant difference (P = .28) was observed between two‐dimensional MVC‐AVC (−0.56 ± 0.34 cm) and three‐dimensional MVC‐AVC (−0.47 ± 0.37 cm).ConclusionsThe method proposed by this study to realize the vertical track analysis on 3D images is valid and superimposable on that described by Enlow on lateral cephalograms.
Less Acetabular Coverage Predicts the Failure of Core Decompression for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Kai , Zeng Yi , Zhang Qingyi , Tan Jie , Li Hexi , Yang Jing , Xie Huiqi , Shen Bin 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveIt is unclear whether less acetabular coverage is associated with the failure of core decompression (CD) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of CD for ONFH with small‐ or medium‐sized pre‐collapse lesions, and determine what factors, especially acetabular anatomical parameters, predict the failure of CD.MethodsBetween January 2010 and December 2022, we retrospectively reviewed 269 consecutive CDs in 188 patients diagnosed with ONFH with small‐ or medium‐sized pre‐collapse lesions. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate the survival rate of CD for ONFH with progression of collapse or conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) as the endpoint. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the potential risk factors for the failure of CD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was further performed with conversion to THA as the endpoint to determine the predictive value of these factors.ResultsThe overall 5‐year survival rate of CD for ONFH with small‐ or medium‐sized pre‐collapse lesions was 74.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 69.0%–81.1%) with progression of collapse as the endpoint and 83.9% (95% CI 79.3%–88.7%) with conversion to THA as the endpoint. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that bilateral affected hips was significantly associated with progression of collapse, and center‐edge angle (CEA), sharp angle, acetabular head index (AHI), as well as acetabular depth ratio (ADR) were significantly associated with both progression of collapse and conversion to THA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further indicated that CEA and AHI were independent risk factors for both progression of collapse and conversion to THA. ROC curve analysis with conversion to THA as the endpoint revealed that the cutoff values for CEA and AHI were 26.8° (sensitivity = 74.4%, specificity = 78.6%, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.809) and 79.8 (sensitivity = 78.4%, specificity = 73.8%, AUC = 0.818), respectively.ConclusionsCD showed satisfactory clinical outcomes for ONFH with small‐ or medium‐sized pre‐collapse lesions where less acetabular coverage with a CEA < 26.8° or AHI < 79.8 was identified as an independent risk factor for the failure of CD.
Morality in romantic relationships: The role of moral disengagement in relationship satisfaction, definitions of infidelity, and committed cheating
Authors: Aignesberger Verena , Greitemeyer Tobias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the moral condemnation of infidelity in romantic relationships, its prevalence remains widespread. This might be partly explained by moral disengagement (MD), the ability to decouple one's actions from internalized moral standards. While social influences are an inherent part of the conceptualization of MD, they have not been studied in romantic couples. We investigated connections between MD and relationship satisfaction, cheating definitions, and cheating in a sample of 236 dating and married couples. Partners' levels of MD were positively correlated. Actor‐Partner‐Interdependence Models (APIMs) revealed negative actor and partner effects of MD on relationship satisfaction. MD was not connected to which behaviors are seen as cheating, but there were positive actor and partner effects on committed self‐defined cheating. Additionally, individuals high in MD suspected their partners to cheat more. These results indicate a gap between moral beliefs and moral actions. Individuals high in MD do not necessarily deny cheating on their partner but rather choose not to follow their inner moral compass.
Autopsy report of a sudden infant death that was strongly suspicious of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Yokouchi Yuki , Asakawa Nanae , Iwase Hirotaro , Nasu Takeshi , Takahashi Kei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe conducted an autopsy on a 3‐month‐old boy in whom Kawasaki disease (KD) was strongly suspected based on the autopsy findings. The infant had a fever and was brought to a nearby clinic, where he was prescribed antipyretics and kept under observation. However, 15 days after onset of the fever, he suddenly died in bed. He exhibited no obvious redness of the lips, tongue, or conjunctiva. Membranous desquamation was present on his distal fingers. Vasculitis was observed in the coronary arteries, renal artery, splenic artery, and pulmonary vein. In addition, coronary artery aneurysms were present in the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery. Thrombotic occlusion was observed in one aneurysm in the right coronary artery, resulting in acute myocardial infarction. The coronary artery wall showed infiltration of numerous macrophages and neutrophils. This case was classified as incomplete KD because the coronary artery aneurysm could not be demonstrated before death and was only recognized at autopsy. Pathologists and forensic scientists need to be aware that there are cases in which KD goes undiagnosed and untreated, leading to coronary artery aneurysm formation and sudden death.
The quantum model of T‐cell activation: Revisiting immune response theories
Authors: Manjili Masoud H. , Manjili Saeed H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOur understanding of the immune response is far from complete, missing out on more detailed explanations that could be provided by molecular insights. To bridge this gap, we introduce the quantum model of T‐cell activation. This model suggests that the transfer of energy during protein phosphorylation within T cells is not a continuous flow but occurs in discrete bursts, or ‘quanta’, of phosphates. This quantized energy transfer is mediated by oscillating cycles of receptor phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, initiated by dynamic ‘catch‐slip’ pulses in the peptide‐major histocompatibility complex‐T‐cell receptor (pMHC‐TcR) interactions. T‐cell activation is predicated upon achieving a critical threshold of catch‐slip pulses at the pMHC‐TcR interface. Costimulation is relegated to a secondary role, becoming crucial only when the frequency of pMHC‐TcR catch‐slip pulses does not meet the necessary threshold for this quanta‐based energy transfer. Therefore, our model posits that it is the quantum nature of energy transfer—not the traditional signal I or signal II—that plays the decisive role in T‐cell activation. This paradigm shift highlights the importance of understanding T‐cell activation through a quantum lens, offering a potentially transformative perspective on immune response regulation.
Optimal taxation of normal and excess returns to risky assets
Authors: Boadway Robin , Spiritus Kevin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine optimal linear taxes on normal and excess capital income with heterogeneous rates of return, alongside an optimal nonlinear earnings tax. Households optimize a portfolio containing three types of assets: risk‐free, diversifiable risky, and private investment with idiosyncratic risk and heterogeneous expected returns. We define normal capital income as the risk‐free rate times the size of the portfolio, and excess returns as any deviations from it. In this setting, taxing excess returns is ineffective for redistribution due to a Domar–Musgrave effect and only generates revenue, to be balanced against the cost of revenue uncertainty. Taxing normal returns does serve redistribution, as they reveal information about the investors' types beyond what the earnings tax base reveals.
Aerodynamic Stability Enhancement of a SCO2 Centrifugal Compressor by Riblets of the Shroud
Authors: Cai Ruikai , Yang Mingyang , Zhuge Weilin , Deng Kangyao , Zhang Yangjun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aerodynamic stability enhancement is crucial for the stable operation of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) centrifugal compressors. This paper investigates the mechanism of aerodynamic instability of shrouded SCO2 compressors and accordingly proposes a new method for stability enhancement via the casing treatment in terms of shroud riblets. First, the experimentally validated computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method is employed to investigate the flow mechanism of the compressor under near-surge condition. The significant backflow phenomena within the impeller were revealed. Further analysis indicated that the imbalance of the Coriolis force and pressure gradient in blade-to-blade direction pushed the low-momentum fluid toward the shroud suction side. Additionally, higher Reynolds number resulted in thinner SCO2 boundary layer at the inlet near end-wall, increasing passage vorticity and further intensifying the aggregation of low-energy fluid on the shroud suction side. Based on the flow mechanisms, the streamwise riblets on shroud were designed to impede the migration of low-energy fluid. The CFD results revealed that under low-flow condition, riblets inhibit the formation of inducer vortices and backflow, thereby enhancing impeller aerodynamic stability and reducing the surge mass-flowrate. Further research indicated that riblets obstruct the migration of low-energy fluid toward shroud suction side, reducing the accumulation of low-energy fluid and blockage, thereby increasing the flow area and aerodynamic stability. Moreover, additional riblets wake and friction losses contributed to the deterioration of compressor performance at middle/large mass-flowrate conditions. Specifically, riblets reduced the flow area between blades at near choke mass-flowrate, leading to more pronounced shock structures and compressor earlier choke.
1: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF PEDIATRIC INFORMATION IN IRANIAN NEWSPAPERS
Authors: Farashbandi Firoozeh Zare , Amini Faezeh , Kelishadi Roya , Rahimi Alireza 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Newspapers along with other mass media have a significant role in increasing health literacy of the general public. Pediatrics related information is one of the most important issues of newspapers. The goal of this study is to perform a content analysis of the newspaper in Iran for pediatrics information in year 2014.Methods:This is an applied survey performed by using content analysis method. The data gathering tool is a checklist designed by the researchers. The statistical population consisted of all of the messages printed in 694 volumes in five most widely circulated Iranian newspapers, published during a six-month span. The sample size calculated using non-probability– purposive sampling was 3019 messages from 426 newspaper articles.Results:Findings showed that “Mental disorders” (19.6%) and “Nutrition” (19.27%) had the highest and “Pathophysiology of body fluids and fluid therapy” and “Gynecological problems in childhood” had the lowest (0%) frequency in the messages. there is little attention to “Human Genetics”, “metabolic disorders” and “children with special needs.” The author of 52.58% of articles was identified and among these 157 (36.85%) articles had authors with unknown Specialty. It is discovered that 295 (60.79%) articles had citations and among them 59.62% had in-text citations.Conclusion:The findings of this study show that pediatric is well covered in examined newspapers. But authorities should pay more attention to subjects like Pathophysiology of body fluids and fluid therapy, Gynecological problems in childhood, Human Genetics, metabolic disorders and children with special needs. Finally, since the audience of newspapers consists of public people the scientific credibility of the claims made in these messages should be regarded.
111: SET UP A REFERRAL SYSTEM WITH EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH IN TABRIZ ASADABADI HOSPITAL
Authors: Bakhshian Fariba , Beirami Hossein Jabbari , Beirami Saba Jabbari , Fatollahi Seiied Yaaghoob 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims:Evidence-based management and evidence-based medicine plays an important role in providing health care services. This study describes the referral system has been set up in Tabriz's northwest.Methods:Following the appointment of the new director of the center Asadabadi, the data was analyzed, Interviews were conducted with physicians and employees and upstream managers, referral Committee was formed at the center. By the committee set up referral system was a priority. By reviewing the scientific literature and experiences from the different solutions proposed in the discussion group. Finally, communicate with health centers, staff training, to encourage doctors, as well as strategies and action items were chosen priority. Now, we passed the next few months and will evaluate its progress.Results:After reviewing the evidence and formulate action plan, we have attempted to identify peripheral units Then, six health centers with a population of about 500,000 people and a few regional and multi- city contract was signed. Hotline to prioritize queue and at reception to referral patients was assigned. By encouraging physicians to write feedback, We managed, the number of referral patients will increase from less than one percent (40 cases in month) to about 7 percent (1900 cases in month). Also, we were able to improve patient satisfaction from 50 percent to 80 percent.Conclusion:Set up a referral system with evidence-based approach in small area, to identify bottlenecks and interventions to expand it at a national level will be great help. The results of this study, firstly confirmed the feasibility of setting up a referral system. Secondly, the need to expand the vision and systemic action than ever before that was appeared. The center, with the launch of electronic queue system and other measures tries to increase the quantity and quality of the referral system but changing attitudes and structures at high levels in the control lever is vital to the success of the referral system.