bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction in disease: albuminuria and increased microvascular permeability
Authors: Salmon Andrew HJ , Satchell Simon C 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAppreciation of the glomerular microcirculation as a specialized microcirculatory bed, rather than as an entirely separate entity, affords important insights into both glomerular and systemic microvascular pathophysiology. In this review we compare regulation of permeability in systemic and glomerular microcirculations, focusing particularly on the role of the endothelial glycocalyx, and consider the implications for disease processes. The luminal surface of vascular endothelium throughout the body is covered with endothelial glycocalyx, comprising surface‐anchored proteoglycans, supplemented with adsorbed soluble proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and plasma constituents. In both continuous and fenestrated microvessels, this endothelial glycocalyx provides resistance to the transcapillary escape of water and macromolecules, acting as an integral component of the multilayered barrier provided by the walls of these microvessels (ie acting in concert with clefts or fenestrae across endothelial cell layers, basement membranes and pericytes). Dysfunction of any of these capillary wall components, including the endothelial glycocalyx, can disrupt normal microvascular permeability. Because of its ubiquitous nature, damage to the endothelial glycocalyx alters the permeability of multiple capillary beds: in the glomerulus this is clinically apparent as albuminuria. Generalized damage to the endothelial glycocalyx can therefore manifest as both albuminuria and increased systemic microvascular permeability. This triad of altered endothelial glycocalyx, albuminuria and increased systemic microvascular permeability occurs in a number of important diseases, such as diabetes, with accumulating evidence for a similar phenomenon in ischaemia–reperfusion injury and infectious disease. The detection of albuminuria therefore has implications for the function of the microcirculation as a whole. The importance of the endothelial glycocalyx for other aspects of vascular function/dysfunction, such as mechanotransduction, leukocyte–endothelial interactions and the development of atherosclerosis, indicate that alterations in the endothelial glycocalyx may also be playing a role in the dysfunction of other organs observed in these disease states. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of quality and duration of enoxaparin therapy on recurrent venous thrombosis in children
Authors: Estepp Jeremie H. , Smeltzer Matthew , Reiss Ulrike M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) and recurrent venous thromboembolism (rVTE) are rare, but significant problems in pediatrics. Current recommendations for anticoagulant therapy arise from adult literature, and there is little data on clinical outcomes following therapeutic low‐molecular‐weight heparin in children.MethodAll patients <19 years of age that were diagnosed with a VTE or right atrial thrombus via standard imaging methods at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital were retrospectively identified from January 2004 through August 2008. Demographic characteristics, coexisting clinic conditions, description of anticoagulant therapy, and record of rVTE were chronicled following a comprehensive chart review. Descriptive statistics of clinical characteristics and anticoagulation are presented.ResultsVenous thrombosis was identified in 149 children with 21% (31/149) developing a rVTE. Coexisting clinical conditions were identified in 93% of children at initial diagnosis with 48% (71/149) of patients having a coexisting malignancy. Seventy‐seven percent (114/149) of children received anticoagulant therapy with UFH (10/114) or enoxaparin (104/114). Neither duration of enoxaparin therapy (>6, 3–6, <3 months) (P = 0.61), nor quality of therapy (≥75% of time on anticoagulation spent with an anti‐FXa of 0.5–1.0 U/ml) (P = 1.0) were found to be protective against rVTE.ConclusionAnticoagulation with enoxaparin based on adult literature may be suboptimal in preventing rVTE in pediatric populations. Future prospective randomized controlled trials in pediatrics using clinical outcomes with anticoagulant therapy are urgently needed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 105–109. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alternative feedstocks: a continuing trend in the polymer industry?
Authors: Dijkstra Dirk J , Langstein Gerhard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPolymers as we know them today have been developed from the feedstock available at the time of their formulation, i.e. crude oil in particular. Fossil feedstocks are used primarily for heating, cooling and fuelling engines in automobiles and power plants. Due to environmental awareness, increasing oil prices and strong progress in biotechnology in recent decades, new feedstocks will become available for fuels. Bio‐refineries will emerge in parallel with the existing oil refineries, and the feedstocks produced by these bio‐refineries will in part also be used to make polymers. This paper elucidates the historical developments and the possibilities for protecting our planet from pollution and global warming. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Accurate series resistance measurement of solar cells
Authors: Fong Kean Chern , McIntosh Keith R. , Blakers Andrew W. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe series resistance (Rs) of a solar cell is commonly represented as a constant resistance value. However, because of the distributed nature of series resistance, the effective lumped Rs vary with current density and illumination intensity. Treating Rs as a constant is usually insufficient for an accurate analysis of its J–V curve. This work first presents a review of the distributed nature of series resistance and commonly applied methods to measure Rs. Particular attention is given to the multi‐light method (MLM) and it is discussed in detail, where Rs in both the light and dark can be measured as a function of current by extracting Rs from a set of current–voltage (J–V) curves attained at different illumination intensities. The principle behind this method is discussed, and the results are then compared with those of other known methods of Rs measurement. The accurate measurement of Rs(J) attained with the MLM permits the extraction of an Rs‐corrected J–V curve, which is theoretically more accurate than that attained by alternative methods because of negligible error from injection dependence and spectral mismatch. With the solar cell equation modified to include Rs(J), we attain a much better fit to experimental data, finding a significant reduction in error compared with using a constant Rs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ monitoring technologies for ammonthermal reactors
Authors: Alt N. , Meissner E. , Schlücker E. , Frey L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe developed an optical cell which can be operated at real ammonthermal reaction conditions under high pressure (200MPa, 300MPa optional) and temperatures up to 650 °C. First video optical and spectroscopical studies were made to demonstrate the feasibility of in situ monitoring of the ammonothermal growth process of GaN with the optical cell. So far unknown parameters like e.g. flow velocity of the fluid could be investigated by simple imaging of particle movement. The in situ optical cell offers access to spectroscopic investigations or direct temperature measurements. First measurements show light absorption of chemical species in the reaction fluid in the UV to near IR range which changes with temperature and pressure implying that more than one intermediate species is present. The application of this optical cell is not restricted to a particular ammonothermal route but can be applied to either ammonothermal variant. An additional development was a reactor with five type K thermocouples to measure the temperature distribution directly in the reaction chamber up to 650 °C and 300 MPa. The flexibility of the thermocouples allows the measurements at nearly any point in the fluid. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and properties of etched GaN nanorods
Authors: Shields Philip , Hugues Maxime , Zúñiga‐Pérez Jesus , Cooke Mike , Dineen Mark , Wang Wang , Causa Federica , Allsopp Duncan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGallium nitride nanorod arrays have been created via dry etching in Cl2/Ar plasma using a Ni mask formed by nanoimprint lithography and lift‐off. Aspect ratios greater than 20 are demonstrated by optimizing the etch conditions to achieve near‐vertical sidewalls. Such top‐down etched nanorod arrays have greater uniformity when compared to bottom‐up arrays, with the process already having been demonstrated on 4‐inch wafers. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Complexes of C60 with cyclic oligoisothianaphthenes. A theoretical study
Authors: Garcia Manuel , Hernández David Alejandro , Guadarrama Patricia , Fomine Serguei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractComplexes of C60 with cyclic and linear oligoisothianaphthenes containing 8 and 12 repeating units have been modeled at M05‐2X/6‐311G**//M05‐2X/6‐31G* level of theory. Basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrected binding energies of neutral donor‐acceptor complexes vary from 6 to 14 kcal/mol depending on the complex arquitecture and donor type. The inclusion complexes formed by C60 and cyclooligoisothianaphthenes containing 8 repeating units were found to be the most stable ones due close matching between host and guest molecules. Only weak charge transfer from oligoisothianaphthene to C60 fragment (< 0.04 electron) is detected in the ground state while almost complete electron transfer from oligoisothianaphthenes fragments to C60 has been found in the excited state. One electron oxidation or reduction in most of the cases slightly increases binding energies of the complexes with positive charge being totally concentrated at oligoisothianaphthenes fragment while in anion radicals the negative charge is located entirely at C60 moiety. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Ultrasound safety in early pregnancy: reduced energy setting does not compromise obstetric Doppler measurements
Authors: Sande R. K. , Matre K. , Eide G. E. , Kiserud T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectivesWe hypothesized that first‐trimester Doppler ultrasonography can be carried out at lower output energies than the currently advocated limits without compromising clinically important information.MethodsWe recruited 42 pregnant women for an ultrasound examination at 12 weeks' gestation. Twenty‐one women were examined with a transvaginal transducer, the rest with a transabdominal transducer. We used pulsed Doppler to measure pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) in five clinically relevant fetal and maternal blood vessels. The energy indicator thermal index for bone (TIb) was set at 1.0, 0.5 and 0.1. Each measurement was repeated three times. A mixed linear regression model accounting for correlation between measurements was used to assess the effect of different TIb levels and transducers.ResultsWe were able to visualize the vessels by color Doppler and measure PI and PSV in all vessels at all energy levels in all the participants with the exception of the ductus venosus in two participants, yielding 1872 recordings for statistical analysis. A reduction in TIb from 1.0 to 0.5 and 0.1 had no effect on the PI or PSV values, nor was there any trend towards higher parameter variance with decreasing TIb. There was no difference between measured values of PI and PSV between the transducers, but the transabdominal technique was associated with a greater parameter variance.ConclusionReliable first‐trimester Doppler data can be obtained with output energy reduced to a TIb of 0.5 or 0.1. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
deMon2k
Authors: Geudtner Gerald , Calaminici Patrizia , Carmona‐Espíndola Javier , del Campo Jorge Martín , Domínguez‐Soria Víctor Daniel , Moreno Robert Flores , Gamboa Gabriel Ulises , Goursot Annick , Köster Andreas M. , Reveles José Ulises , Mineva Tzonka , Vásquez‐Pérez José Manuel , Vela Alberto , Zúñinga‐Gutierrez Bernardo , Salahub Dennis R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article provides a brief overview of the quantum chemical auxiliary density functional theory program deMon2k. A basic introduction into its key computational features is given. By selected examples, it is shown how deMon2k can contribute to the elucidation of problems in chemistry, biology, and materials science such as finite temperature effects, nuclear magnetic resonance studies, structure determinations, heterogeneous, and enzymatic catalysis. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Software > Quantum Chemistry
Effects of broadcasting calls during surveys to estimate density and occupancy of northern bobwhite
Authors: Duren Kenneth R. , Buler Jeffrey J. , Jones William L. , Williams Christopher K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe assessed the effects of using a broadcast caller during surveys and increasing survey duration to estimate northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) density and occupancy. From 15 May 2009 to 15 August 2009, we conducted repeat‐visit breeding bobwhite surveys at 180 sites in Delaware, USA. Increasing survey duration from 3 min to 7 min, or using a broadcast caller, improved detection probability for a single visit by 52% and 42%, respectively. However, density estimates when using a broadcast caller were biased high—≥3 times greater compared to passive‐listening surveys. Density estimates for 3‐min and 7‐min passive surveys were not different. Additionally, bobwhite occupancy was similar among all 3 survey treatments. Use of a broadcast caller to survey for bobwhites appears to violate the assumption of distance sampling that an individual is detected prior to movement. Use of a broadcast caller is inappropriate for determining density estimates through distance sampling, but may be appropriate for determining site occupancy. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Do GPS clusters really work? carnivore diet from scat analysis and GPS telemetry methods
Authors: Bacon Michelle M. , Becic Greg M. , Epp Mark T. , Boyce Mark S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGlobal Positioning System (GPS) data collected using radiocollars have allowed researchers to identify sites where predators have killed prey, but this method has yet to be compared with scat analysis, a more traditional method of determining diet composition. We analyzed 211 scat samples and compared composition of prey items with 266 kill sites found using GPS radiotelemetry data on cougars (Puma concolor) in the Cypress Hills of southeast Alberta and southwest Saskatchewan, Canada. Scat and kill site results showed significantly different occurrences of prey items; scat samples were better able to detect small mammals. However, larger prey made up >90% of the biomass of cougar diets, and when restricting the comparison to ungulate prey, both methods estimated nearly identical biomass consumed. As expected, GPS telemetry is biased against small prey but the method provides results comparable to scat analysis for larger prey that make up the majority of biomass consumed. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Turbulence statistics along gradient trajectories
Authors: Peters N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBy calculating gradient trajectories in direction of ascending and descending scalar gradients a local maximum and a local minimum point is reached. Dissipation elements may then be defined as the spatial region from which the same pair of maximum and minimum points in a scalar field is reached. By exploring the two‐point correlation of the scalar gradient along such trajectories it was found that for large elements the mean velocity increment scales linearly with the arclength distance along the trajectory. This is different from the classical Kolmogorov scaling and has consequences for the modeling of the length distribution of dissipation elements.
Synthesis and Micellization Properties of New Anionic Reactive Surfactants Based on Hydrogenated Cardanol
Authors: Kattimuttathu Suresh , Foerst Gesche , Schubert Rolf , Bartsch Eckhard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report the synthesis, characterization and micellization properties of two anionic reactive surfactants based on 3‐pentadecyl phenol obtainable from a renewable resource, cardanol. The synthesis is achieved through simple chemical transformations, first converting the phenol to the acrylate that is sulfonated in a second step. The products were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. The surfactant properties of the sulfonated acrylates were measured and compared with the standard non‐reactive anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate. The micellization behavior of aqueous solutions was studied using conductivity, surface tension measurements, and the fluorescence probe technique based on diphenyl hexatriene. Characterization by surface tension measurements facilitated the determination of basic surfactant properties like the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension at the CMC, surface excess and area per surfactant molecule. The Gibbs free energy of micellization showed a negative value suggesting spontaneous micellization in aqueous solution. The micellization of the surfmer with an ethylene spacer between the phenyl ring and the acrylate group seems to be enhanced as indicated by the lower surface excess and lower free energy. Its CMC was also lower.
Cognitive behaviour therapy and supportive therapy for bipolar disorders: relapse rates for treatment period and 2-year follow-up
Authors: Meyer T. D. , Hautzinger M. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThe efficacy of adjunctive psychosocial interventions such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for bipolar disorder (BD) has been demonstrated in several uncontrolled and controlled studies. However, these studies compared CBT to either a waiting list control group, brief psycho-education or treatment as usual (TAU). Our primary aim was to determine whether CBT is superior to supportive therapy (ST) of equal intensity and frequency in preventing relapse and improving outcome at post-treatment. A secondary aim was to look at predictors of survival time.MethodWe conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) at the Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Germany (n=76 patients with BD). Both CBT and ST consisted of 20 sessions over 9 months. Patients were followed up for a further 24 months.ResultsAlthough changes over time were observed in some variables, they were not differentially associated with CBT or ST. CBT showed a non-significant trend for preventing any affective, specifically depressive episode during the time of therapy. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses revealed that 64.5% of patients experienced a relapse during the 33 months. The number of prior episodes, the number of therapy sessions and the type of BD predicted survival time.ConclusionsNo differences in relapse rates between treatment conditions were observed, suggesting that certain shared characteristics (e.g. information, systematic mood monitoring) might explain the effects of psychosocial treatment for BD. Our results also suggest that a higher number of prior episodes, a lower number of therapy sessions and a diagnosis of bipolar II disorder are associated with a shorter time before relapse.
Comparative effects of processing methods on the feeding value of maize in feedlot cattle
Authors: Zinn R. A. , Barreras A. , Corona L. , Owens F. N. , Plascencia A. 
Published: November 2011

The primary reason for processing maize is to enhance feeding value. Total tract starch digestion is similar for coarsely processed (dry rolled, cracked) dry maize. Enhancements in starch digestion due to dry rolling maizev.feeding maize whole may be greater in light-weight calves than in yearlings, and when DM intake is restricted ( < 1·5 % of body weight). The net energy (NE) maintain (NEm) and NE gain (NEg) values for whole maize are 8·83 and 6·02 MJ (2·11 and 1·44 Mcal)/kg, respectively. Compared with conventional dry processing (i.e. coarse rolled, cracked), finely processing maize may increase the initial rate of digestion, but does not improve total tract starch digestion. Tempering before rolling (without the addition of steam) may enhance the growth performance response and the NE value of maize. Average total tract starch digestion is similar for high-moisture and steam-flaked maize. However, the proportion of starch digested ruminally is greater (about 8 %) for high-moisture maize. The growth performance response of feedlot cattle to the feeding of high-moisture maize is highly variable. Although the NEmand NEgvalue of whole high-moisture maize was slightly less than that of dry processed maize (averaging 9·04 and 6·44 MJ (2·16 and 1·54 Mcal)/kg, respectively), grinding or rolling high-moisture maize before ensiling increased (6 %) its NE value. Substituting steam-flaked maize for dry processed maize increases average daily gain (6·3 %) and decreases DM intake (5 %). The comparative NEmand NEgvalues for steam-flaked maize at optimal processing (density = 0·34 kg/l) are 10·04 and 7·07 MJ (2·40 and 1·69 Mcal)/kg, respectively. These NE values are greater (3 %) than current tabular values (National Research Council, 2000), being more consistent with earlier standards (National Research Council, 1984). When maize is the primary or sole source of starch in the diet, concentration of starch in faeces (faecal starch, % of DM) of feedlot steers can serve as an indicator of total tract starch digestion, and, hence, the feeding value of maize.
Recording a patient diet over the radical course of radiotherapy for prostate cancer using a diet diary: a feasibility study
Authors: Oates R , McPhee N , Joon M Lim , Schneider-Kolsky M , Kron T 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAims: To obtain an estimate of dietary fibre and fluid intake in Australian men undergoing prostate radiotherapy and to establish feasibility and patient compliance with recording normal diet without intervention during the radical course of radiotherapy.Methods: Eleven participants were enrolled and treated with 74–78 Gray (Gy) to the prostate over 8 weeks. Participants were instructed to record a diary of their food and fluid intake and bowel motions for the duration of treatment. Treating radiation therapists were instructed to initial the diet diary daily. Diet diaries were assessed for compliance by analysing the number of days over the treatment period and the number of diary pages submitted. The diet diaries were analysed for nutrient intake of fibre and fluids.Results: A total of 10 of 11 participants submitted a diet record for the full duration of treatment with a median compliance of 100% (range 90.4–100%) of days recorded. The mean (standard deviation) of fibre and fluids recorded in the diets were 21.5 g (5.5) and 2227.1 g (733.1), respectively.Conclusions: It is feasible for patients to record a diet diary over a radical course of prostate radiotherapy. In this study, most patients were highly compliant with submitting a diet record for each day during treatment.