bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Elektronenstruktur hochsymmetrischer Verbindungen der f‐Elemente 44 [1]. Erstmalige parametrische Analyse des Absorptionsspektrums einer Molekülverbindung des trivalenten Urans: Tris[hydrotris(1‐pyrazolyl)borato]uran(III)
Authors: Apostolidis Christos , Morgenstern Alfred , Rebizant Jean , Kanellakopulos Basil , Walter Olaf , Powietzka Bernhard , Karbowiak Miroslav , Reddmann Hauke , Amberger Hanns‐Dieter 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe absorption spectrum of tris[hydrotris(1‐pyrazolyl)borato]uranium(III) (UTp3) was run at room and low temperatures. From the spectra obtained, a truncated crystal field (CF) splitting pattern could be derived, and simulated by fitting the free parameters of a phenomenological Hamiltonian achieving an r.m.s. deviation of 37.7 cm–1for 29 assignments. The parameters used allow the insertion of the Tp ligand into empirical spectrochemical, nephelauxetic and relativistic nephelauxetic series of UIIIcompounds, and the set‐up of experimentally based nonrelativistic and relativistic molecular orbital schemes of UTp3in the f range. Using the wavefunctions and eigenvalues of the fit, the experimentally determined temperature dependence (in the range 1.34–294.4 K) of μ2effcould be reproduced adopting an orbital reduction factor k = 0.99.
X‐ray Structure and Magnetic Properties of Two New Iron(II) 1D Coordination Polymers with Bis(imidazolyle)methane as Bridging Ligand
Authors: Pfaffeneder Toni , Bauer Wolfgang , Weber Birgit 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe reaction of iron(II) acetate with the tetradentate Schiff base like ligands H2L1 ((E,E)‐[{diethyl 2,2′‐[1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)]bis[3‐oxobutanato]) and H2L2 ([3,3′]‐[1,2‐phenylene‐bis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(2,4‐pentane‐dionato)‐N,N′,O2,O2′]) leads to the formation of the octahedral N2O4 coordinated iron complexes [FeL1(MeOH)2] and [FeL2(MeOH)2], respectively. Conversion of both with bimm (bis(1‐imidazolyle)methane) leads to the 1D coordination polymers [FeL1(bimm)]·0.5MeOH (1) and [FeL2(bimm)] (2). Compound 1 is a pure high‐spin (HS) complex, which was characterised by using magnetic measurements and X‐ray structure analysis. Compound 2 undergoes an irregular and incomplete thermal spin transition.
Hydroaluminierung von Silicium‐zentrierten Dialkinen – Synthese gemischt‐substituierter Alkenyl‐alkinylsilane
Authors: Uhl Werner , Heller Denis 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBis(phenylethynyl)silanes reacted with equimolar quantities of various dialkylaluminium hydrides, R2Al–H [R = CH2tBu, tBu, iBu, CH(SiMe3)2], by hydroalumination and addition of a Al–H bond to a C≡C triple bond. Alkenyl‐alkynylsilanes were formed, which had the aluminium atoms in geminal positions with the silicon atoms and adopt a cis arrangement of aluminium and hydrogen at the resulting C=C double bonds in most cases. cis/trans‐Rearrangement with the formation the trans‐addition products was observed only for the two sterically least shielded compounds. Intramolecular interactions of the coordinatively unsaturated aluminium atoms with the α‐carbon atoms of the intact alkynyl groups were detected by crystal structure determinations for the tert‐butyl and neopentyl derivatives, whereas they did not occur with bulky bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl substituents.
Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Saccharinate Complexes with 2‐Aminomethylpyridine and 2‐Aminoethylpyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structures, and Thermal Properties
Authors: Yilmaz Veysel T. , Ertem Ahsen , Guney Emel , Buyukgungor Orhan 
Published: September 2009

Abstracttrans‐[Pd(ampy)2](sac)2 (1), trans‐[Pt(ampy)2](sac)2 (2), trans‐[Pd(aepy)2](sac)2·2H2O (3) and trans‐[Pt(aepy)2](sac)2·2H2O (4) (sac = saccharinate, ampy = 2‐aminomethylpyridine and aepy = 2‐aminoethylpyridine) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. In all cases, the palladium(II) and platinum(II) ions sit on the center of symmetry and are coordinated by the bidentate chelating ampy or aepy ligands, and the sac ions remain as a counterion. In complex 2, the cations and sac anions are connected by N–H···O hydrogen bonds as well as aromatic π–π stacking interactions into a two‐dimensional supramolecular network, whereas in 3 and 4, they are linked by N–H···O hydrogen bonds into chains, which are further assembled into a two‐dimensional array by OW–H···O hydrogen bonds. All complexes were investigated by IR spectroscopy and thermal analyses.
Synthesis of a New Modification of Lithium Chloride Confirming Theoretical Predictions
Authors: Bach Andreas , Fischer Dieter , Jansen Martin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn accordance with prior calculations, the new polymorph β‐LiCl (wurtzite structure type) has been synthesised, by the low‐temperature atomic‐beam‐deposition (LT–ABD) technique, in a mixture with α‐LiCl (rock salt structure type) by depositing LiCl vapour (2 to 5.3 × 10–4 mbar) onto a cooled substrate (–30 to –60 °C). The maximum β‐LiCl fraction of 53 % was obtained using a sapphire (0001) substrate at –50 °C and 3.7 × 10–4 mbar LiCl vapour pressure. The proportion of the new polymorph contained in the bulk sample decreases as temperature or vapour pressure deviate from these values, until finally the rock salt type LiCl is found exclusively. When the samples are warmed up to room temperature, β‐LiCl irreversibly transforms to α‐LiCl. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of the two phase LiCl sample measured at –50 °C has been indexed and refined based on a hexagonal unit cell for β‐LiCl with the lattice constants a = 3.852(1) Å and c = 6.118(1) Å and a cubic unit cell for α‐LiCl with the lattice constant a = 5.0630(8) Å. By Rietveld refinement the wurtzite type ofstructure (P63mc, No. 186) was suggested for the new hexagonal modification of LiCl with the Li–Cl distances (2.32 and 2.34 Å) being 8 % smaller than those of α‐LiCl. Moreover, the cell volume decreases as much as 16 % during the transition from β‐LiCl to α‐LiCl. Both the shifts in bond lengths and volume correspond well with the situation encountered for LiBr and LiI. Besides the variation of LiCl vapour pressure and substrate temperature, also different substrate materials were employed for testing their influence on formation of the β‐LiCl polymorph.
Adhesional Small Bowel Obstruction in the Absence of Previous Operations: Management and Outcomes
Authors: Butt Muhammad U. , Velmahos George C. , Zacharias Nikos , Alam Hasan B. , de Moya Marc , King David R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of small bowel obstructions (SBO) are the result of adhesions caused by a previous abdominal operation. On rare occasions, adhesional SBO occurs in the absence of such an operation. Our objective was to describe the management, findings, and outcomes of unexplained adhesional SBO (UA‐SBO) and examine whether preoperative diagnostic uncertainty leads to delays in therapy and complications.MethodsThe medical records of all adhesional SBO patients admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2007 were screened. UA‐SBO records were reviewed in detail. Each UA‐SBO patient was matched with an adhesional SBO patient with abdominal surgical history (SH‐SBO) according to gender, age (±7 years), white blood cell count (±3000/mm3), time interval from the onset of symptoms to the time of admission (±24 h), and year of admission (±4 years). Outcomes included time from admission to operation, morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay.ResultsOf 1,036 patients with adhesional SBO, 34 (3.3%) had UA‐SBO. Adhesiolysis was sufficient in 31 patients, whereas 3 required an enterectomy. UA‐SBO patients were similar in terms of demographics, clinical presentation, and initial laboratory tests with SH‐SBO patients. There was no difference in any of the outcomes between the two groups.ConclusionsIn this study of UA‐SBO, diagnostic delays were not found and patient outcomes were similar to those of patients with SH‐SBO.
Predicting Morbidity and Mortality After Hepatic Resection in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease Score
Authors: Hsu Kuang‐Yu , Chau Gar‐Yang , Lui Wing‐Yiu , Tsay Shyh‐Haw , King Kuang‐Liang , Wu Chew‐Wun 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score is currently used as a disease severity index of cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation. This study evaluated the usefulness of the MELD score in predicting mortality and morbidity of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing hepatic resection.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of 1,017 patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC between 1991 and 2005. Patient variables were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses to identify risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Accuracy in predicting mortality was assessed with the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) analysis.ResultsThe morbidity and mortality rates were 30.7% and 1.9%, respectively. Age, liver cirrhosis, operation time, and MELD score were risk factors for mortality, whereas indocyanine green retention rate at 15‐min value, operation time, blood loss, and Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh score were risk factors for morbidity. Patients with MELD score >8 had higher mortality (4.0% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.004) and higher liver‐related morbidities (16.1% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.001), including massive ascites, intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, and hepatic failure, compared with patients with MELD score <6. High MELD score also was related to longer postoperative hospital stay (score >8, 14.5 days vs. score <6, 12.6 days, p = 0.015). The AUC for MELD score as a predictor of mortality was 0.718, indicating high clinical usefulness.ConclusionsThe MELD score relates with mortality and liver‐related morbidities in HCC patients who undergo hepatic resection. A MELD sore >8 represents the trigger for intensive treatment to improve patient outcome.
Providing mental health services to adult offenders in Victoria, Australia: Overcoming barriers
Authors: Mullen P. , Ogloff J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo illustrate the development of the interface between general and forensic mental health services in Victoria, Australia.MethodDeveloping effective cooperation between the general and forensic mental health services requires overcoming a number of barriers. The attitude of general services that antisocial behaviour was none of their business was tackled through ongoing workshops and education days over several years. The resistance to providing care to those disabled by severe personality disorders or substance abuse was reduced by presenting and promoting models of care developed in forensic community and inpatient services which prioritised these areas. The reluctance of general services to accept offenders was reduced by involving general services in court liaison clinics and in prisoner release plans. Cooperation was enhanced by the provision of risk assessments, the sharing of responsibility for troublesome patients, and a problem behaviours clinic to support general services in coping with stalkers, sex offenders and threateners.ConclusionsActive engagement with general services was promoted at the level of providing education, specialised assessments and a referral source for difficult patients. This generated a positive interface between forensic and general mental health services, which improved the quality of care delivered to mentally abnormal offenders.
An increase in substance misuse rather than other mental disorders has led to increased forensic treatment rates in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vevera J. , Svarc J. , Grohmannova K. , Spilkova J. , Raboch J. , Cerny M. , Kalisova L. , Bartonkova M. , Bob P. , Susta M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt is suggested that limited access to appropriate care forces psychiatric patients towards forensic treatment or to the prison system. According to our data, the number of prisoners, the number of hospitalized psychiatric patients (from 1987 to 2007), the number of court ordered forensic treatments in the Czech Republic (from 1991 to 2007), and the rate of people in psychiatric and sex offender forensic treatment has remained constant. However, an increase (162%) in number of treatments imposed for abusing illicit drugs did occur during this period. This increase contributed to the correlation between both the number of sentences given for protective treatment and the number of all sentenced persons (Pearson cor. 0.647, p < 0,001) and the number of prisoners (Pearson cor. 0.798, p < 0,001). The analysis of all admissions to a forensic facility from a catchment area of 1,260,318 inhabitants shows no increase in number of admission between 2002 and 2007. The same data prove that the number of patients ordered to psychiatric and sexology treatment remained steady and did not reflect changes in the number of prisoners or number of hospitalized patients. This could be explained by a high number of psychiatric hospitalizations protecting the patients from deteriorating to criminal behaviour.
Consequences of an outbreak of columnaris disease (Flavobacterium columnare) to the helminth fauna of perch (Perca fluviatilis) in the Queen Mary reservoir, south-east England
Authors: Morley N.J. , Lewis J.W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractParasitism of fish in fully bunded storage reservoirs has rarely been studied, while the impact of a rapid decline in a fish population on its parasite fauna is poorly understood. The present paper investigates the helminth fauna of perch (Perca fluviatilis) over a 5-year period in the Queen Mary reservoir, a large (290 ha) completely artificial water storage impoundment, which forms a unique and challenging habitat for its resident fish population. After 3 years of study, the perch population suffered a significant reduction due to a disease outbreak caused by the pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare, ‘columnaris disease’, and the subsequent effects on the helminth fauna over the next 2 years are evaluated. Conditions in the reservoir favour the development of large populations of zooplankton, which act as intermediate hosts for the majority of helminths in the dominant perch community. The prevalence and intensity of helminth infections showed much variation over the period prior to the perch mortality. These were likely to be due to changes in the zooplankton biomass, which was exposed to biotoxins released from periodic algal blooms and the application of copper to control them. The outbreak of F. columnare resulted in a significant decrease in the size and condition coefficient of the perch population. Changes also occurred in the composition of helminth parasites, with many species demonstrating either an increase or decrease in infection levels. These changes may be partly associated with an increase in the zooplankton biomass and altered population structure, probably caused by a decrease in fish predation pressure, which would influence the parasite population dynamics, although other factors directly associated with changes in the perch population are also likely to be influential. The long-term affects on the levels of helminth infections in the fish and associated intermediate hosts in the Queen Mary reservoir are discussed.
“On Indirect Speech Acts and Linguistic Communication: A Response to Bertolet”
Authors: McGowan Mary Kate , Tam Shan Shan , Hall Margaret 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSuppose a diner says, ‘Can you pass the salt?’ Although her utterance is literally a question (about the physical abilities of the addressee), most would take it as a request (that the addressee pass the salt). In such a case, the request is performed indirectly by way of directly asking a question. Accordingly this utterance is known as an indirect speech act. On the standard account of such speech acts, a single utterance constitutes two distinct speech acts. On this account then, ‘Can you pass the salt?’ is both a question and a request. In a provocative essay, Rod Bertolet argues that there are no indirect speech acts. According to Bertolet, ‘Can you pass the salt?’ is only a question. It is a question that merely functions as a request (without also being one). In this paper we respond to Bertolet's skeptical argument. Appealing to Searle's theory of speech acts and to certain features of linguistic communication, we argue that, despite Bertolet's challenge, there is good reason to countenance indirect speech acts.
Limits and possibilities of the Arctic Council in a rapidly changing scene of Arctic governance
Authors: Koivurova Timo 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTIn a very short time, discussions on Arctic governance have moved from being a topic of scholarly attention and NGO advocacy onto the agendas of states and of the European Union (EU). Increasingly, the various alternatives propounded by a diverse set of actors over what Arctic governance should look like appear as pre-negotiation tactics, a type of testing period before a regime change. The article examines whether the still predominant inter governmental forum, the Arctic Council, is facing a threat of being supplanted by other forms of governance. It will study how resistant the Arctic Council, and its predecessor the 1991 Arctic environmental protection strategy, are to change in order to understand whether the council could renew itself to meet future challenges. It will also examine the various proposals for Arctic governance set out by states, the EU and the region's indigenous peoples. All this will permit conclusions to be drawn on where the Arctic Council stands amid all these proposals and whether, and in what way, it should change to support more sustainable governance in the Arctic.
The Arctic voyages of Louis-Philippe-Robert, Duc d'Orléans
Authors: Barr William 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTLouis-Philippe-Robert, Duc d'Orléans (1869–1926), the Orléans claimant to the French throne, mounted four private expeditions to the Arctic, in 1904, 1905, 1907, and 1909. During the first of these, on board his private yacht,Maroussia, and accompanied by his wife, Marie Dorothée, he visited Svalbard where he hunted reindeer while his wife, an accomplished amateur artist, executed a number of delightful paintings. In 1905 he chartered the ice strengthenedBelgicaand employed Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery as her captain; he also recruited an impressive group of scientists. He again visited Svalbard then pushed west through the pack ice to east Greenland. He was able to penetrate further north along that coast than his predecessors, the Germans under Koldewey inGermania, had in 1869–1870, and discovered and named Île-de-France and the Belgica Bank. He shot large numbers of polar bears. In 1907, again on boardBelgica, and again with de Gerlache in command of the ship, and again with a contingent of scientists on board, Orléans headed out into the Kara Sea from Matochkin Shar.Belgicasoon became beset in the pack ice and drifted slowly south with the ice to emerge through Karskie Vorota after a very frustrating month. Thereafter an attempt to reach Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa was foiled by heavy ice. Finally, in 1909, again on boardBelgicaunder de Gerlache's command, Orléans visited Jan Mayen, east Greenland, Svalbard and Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa, with hunting as his primary aim. From all four expeditions Orléans brought back substantial numbers of skins of birds and mammals that were mounted and displayed in his private museums. On his death they were bequeathed to the French people and exhibited in the specially built Musée du Duc d'Orléans in Paris and later in the Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle. The scientific data and specimens collected by the scientists on the 1905 and 1907 expeditions resulted in a substantial number of scientific reports in their various fields.
‘The saddest time of my life’: relocating the Ahiarmiut from Ennadai Lake (1950–1958)
Authors: Laugrand Frédéric , Oosten Jarich , Serkoak David 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTIn 1950–1958 Ahiarmiut were relocated, in three stages from Ennadai Lake to Nueltin Lake, from Ennadai Lake to Henik Lake and from Henik Lake to Arviat (Eskimo Point). This paper presents the results of a workshop conducted with elders and youths in Arviat, in May 2006, on these events. The participants in the workshop were Job and Eva Muqyunnik, Mary Anautalik, John Aulatjut, Silas Ilungijajuk, Geena Aulatjut from Arviat, Andrew Alikashuak, from Whale Cove, and Mary Whitmore from Churchill. The workshop was set up from an anthropological perspective and focused on Ahiarmiut perspectives of the first three relocations. Comparing archival and oral materials, the paper confronts the strategies, choices and decisions of the administration of the Canadian federal government with the experiences and views of the Ahiarmiut participants. The paper explores the causes of the failure of the relocations, notably the discrepancies between the values of the administration and those of the Ahiarmiut as well as the lack of communication between those parties. The paper concludes that there is no convincing evidence of any agreement between the Ahiarmiut and the administration so the relocation effectively became a deportation causing great economic and cultural distress as well as loss of life to the Ahiarmiut.
The curious incident of the missing cleaner
Authors: Bulkeley Rip 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTThe first woman to work as a professional scientist in Antarctica was Mariya Vasilyevna Klyonova, during the first Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1955–1957. Other women were crew members on the icebreakers Lena and Ob’. There is an outside possibility that there was more to one of them than meets the eye. But we shall never know.
The painting of the Arctic explorer Captain W. E. Parry (1790–1855) at Crosthwaite, near Kendal, Cumbria
Authors: David Robert G. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTResearch following the discovery of a picture of William Edward Parry painted onto wooden boards in the stairwell of a house in Cumbria, has resulted in the identification of the probable artist. It has also been possible to show that this painting was a copy of an engraving of Parry that was published in The European Magazine and London Review, and which was based on a portrait by Samuel Drummond. It is suggested that the new picture was probably painted between 1821 and 1823, and the fact that it was painted in a small provincial community reflects the reach of the early nineteenth century media and the significance of the search for the northwest passage for the country at large.
‘Don't be scared, you don't have to wear your lifejacket’: using the theory of planned behaviour to understand lifejacket usage in Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Giles Audrey R. , Strachan Shaelyn , Stadig Gwenyth , Baker Ava C. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTWater related activities result in a large number of fatalities annually throughout Canada, especially in the Canadian north, where drowning rates are up to ten times the national average. This study used participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and archival research to understand why residents of Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories (NWT) rarely wear lifejackets. Three themes emerged. Firstly residents largely perceive lifejackets to be inaccessible, secondly drownings are attributed to factors other than failing to wear a lifejacket and thirdly lifejacket use is not encouraged by important individuals in the community. It is suggested that successful lifejacket promotion for this population requires drowning prevention programmes that move away from simplistic approaches that encourage people to wear lifejackets and instead must utilise an approach that addresses each component of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).