bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective weed suppression by cover crop residues: effects of seed mass and timing of species’ sensitivity
Authors: KRUIDHOF H M , GALLANDT E R , HARAMOTO E R , BASTIAANS L 
Published: September 2010

Kruidhof HM, Gallandt ER, Haramoto ER & Bastiaans L (2011). Selective weed suppression by cover crop residues: effects of seed mass and timing of species’ sensitivity. Weed Research51, 177–186.SummaryLaboratory bioassays have shown that large‐seeded species better tolerate cover crop residue–mediated stress than small‐seeded species. This provides the potential for selective suppression of small‐seeded weeds in large‐seeded crops. We conducted two field experiments in which seedling emergence of a range of crop and weed species was monitored in soil without cover crop residues and soil with recently incorporated lucerne, winter oilseed rape or winter rye residues. A positive relationship was found between seed mass and tolerance to winter oilseed rape and lucerne residues in both experiments, whereas winter rye residues did not inhibit seedling emergence. Both the gradual reduction in residue‐mediated inhibitory potential with time in the first experiment, as well as the sudden increase in lucerne residue–mediated inhibitory potential following a severe rainfall event in the second experiment, illustrated the importance of temporal dynamics. Therefore, we hypothesised that time between residue incorporation and receptor plant emergence could serve as an additional variable for explaining the variation in inhibition of seedling emergence among receptor plant species. Re‐analysis of data from two previously published field experiments revealed that seed mass and time of emergence only contributed significantly to explaining variance in receptor plant emergence when both these factors were included in the analysis. Our findings suggest that considering temporal synchrony of receptor species’ sensitivity and potential residue effects in field studies provides a valuable framework for analysing crop residue‐mediated effects.
Intertriginous lymphomatoid drug eruption
Authors: Wolf Ronni , Barzilai Aviv , Davidovici Batya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA 76‐year‐old man developed a maculopapular purpuric eruption confined to the intertriginous areas (i.e. the inguinal, gluteal, and axillary folds). Two days before the eruption appeared, he had received a second course of chemotherapy consisting of cisplatinum 40 mg and gemcitabine (Gemzar) 1700 mg for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung stage III B. The histologic picture was of either lymphomatoid drug eruption or lymphomatoid papulosis. The antineoplastic therapy was changed to once‐weekly intravenous vinorelbine (Navelbine) 50 mg, a Vinca alkaloid, and the eruption resolved completely within two weeks without any further therapy. These circumstantial evidences support the diagnosis of intertriginous drug eruption. Our case is interesting and unusual in that it demonstrated a rare clinical presentation of drug eruption, namely, intertriginous drug eruption or baboon syndrome, with a histologic picture of a lymphomatoid drug eruption that can mimic lymphoma. We are unaware of any earlier reported case of baboon syndrome with a histologic picture of lymphomatoid drug eruption. The pathomechanisms of both types of drug eruption, i.e. baboon syndrome and lymphomatoid drug eruption, are not fully understood.
Beliefs and perceptions of Arab vitiligo patients regarding their condition
Authors: AlGhamdi Khalid M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  Patients’ beliefs about their illness can result in positive and/or negative implications for the management of their disease. To examine the beliefs held by vitiligo patients about their condition and to explore the potential factors that might influence such beliefs.Methods  The illness perception questionnaire (IPQ) was translated into the particular regional language (Arabic) and administered to adult vitiligo patients visiting our Dermatology Department, from 2006 to 2008. Demographic and illness details were obtained.Results  We recruited 164 vitiligo patients (91 male subjects). The mean age was 27 years (SD = 13, range 15–57 years). It was believed that stress, altered immunity, and heredity were the cause of vitiligo by 33%, 26%, and 24% of the respondents respectively. Eighty‐four percent and 28% believed in fate and evil eye as a cause of their illness respectively. Forty‐two percent believed that their illness had a major effect on their lives and 44% believed that vitiligo had strongly affected the way others see them. For both beliefs, this was independent of the gender. Thirty‐seven percent reported that they do not understand their illness. Six percent believed that their disease was contagious while 12% were not sure. Fifty‐four and 57% reported feeling depressed and anxious respectively, because of their disease. This was more common in female patients (P = 0.019 and 0.031 respectively).Conclusion  Misconceptions and negative attitudes are widespread among vitiligo patients. The lack of disease‐related understanding and the existence of anxiety and depression require targeted health education and psychosocial support.
Tamoxifen vs. non‐tamoxifen treatment for advanced melanoma: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Beguerie Julieta Ruiz , Xingzhong Jin , Valdez Raúl P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough tamoxifen (TAM) is routinely used in advanced melanoma, it is still uncertain whether evidence exists to support this practice. This review assesses the benefits and harms of systemic therapy with TAM vs. without TAM on response and mortality in patients with advanced melanoma. MEDLINE, The Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and LILACS were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing chemotherapy using and not using TAM in any dose, in patients of any age with advanced melanoma. References lists, databases of ongoing trials and conference proceedings were hand‐searched. All included trials were evaluated for quality assessment. Primary outcomes were response and mortality. Secondary outcomes were hematologic and non hematologic toxicity, treatment‐related mortality and quality of life. A meta‐analysis was performed and results were presented as relative risk with 95% confidence interval. Nine randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Patients treated with TAM were more likely to respond, with a relative risk 1.36 (95% CI: 1.04–1.77, P = 0.02). However, there was no improvement in 1‐year mortality. The incidence of hematologic toxicity was higher in the TAM group. Subgroup analyses showed that female patients were more likely to respond. Chemotherapies with TAM improve overall and partial response, but do not improve mortality in 1 year in advanced melanoma. Further use of TAM in melanoma should be done only in the context of clinical trials.
Circulating CD4+ CD25highFoxP3+ T cells vary in different clinical forms of leprosy
Authors: Attia Enas A. S. , Abdallah Marwa , Saad Abeer A. , Afifi Ashraf , El Tabbakh Alaa , El‐Shennawy Dina , Ali Hala B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  CD4+ CD25highFoxP3+  regulatory T cells (T‐regs) were reported to increase in chronic infections. We aimed at studying their frequency in leprosy to investigate their role during Mycobacterium leprae infection.Methods  Using flow cytometry, the frequency and FoxP3 expression of circulating T‐regs was assessed in 38 leprosy patients and 38 healthy controls. Patients were divided into; group I tuberculoid (TT), group II borderline cases [borderline tuberculoid (BT), borderline (BB), and borderline lepromatous (BL)], group III lepromatous (LL), and group IV erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL).Results  Mean T‐regs% and FoxP3 expression were significantly elevated in patients (particularly TT) compared to controls (3.8 ± 2.5% vs. 2.5 ± 0.8% and 78.8 ± 56.2% vs. 55.8 ± 15.7%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Comparing the four disease groups, T‐regs% was significantly different (median 5.3% in group I, 3.4% in group II, 2.8% in group III, and 1.2% in group IV; P = 0.005). FoxP3% on T‐regs was not significantly different between them [median 71.5% in TT, 62.3% in borderline categories, 67.75% in LL, and 85.75% in ENL; P = 0.149). Notably FoxP3 expression was significantly higher in ENL than controls (P = 0.011).Conclusion  The frequency and suppressive marker of circulating T‐regs are elevated in TT patients. Patients with LL and ENL express significantly lower frequency of T‐regs and higher FoxP3 expression (in ENL), consistent with disease progression and immune hyper‐activation in these disease categories. Thus, rather than being detrimental to immunity, intact T‐regs activity may be beneficial to leprosy patients.
Familial cases of atypical clinical features genetically diagnosed as LEOPARD syndrome (multiple lentigines syndrome)
Authors: Kato Harunosuke , Yoshida Rie , Tsukamoto Katsuhiko , Suga Hirotaka , Eto Hitomi , Higashino Takuya , Araki Jun , Ogata Tsutomu , Yoshimura Kotaro 
Published: September 2010

SummaryFive familial cases exhibited ephelides‐like multiple lentigines, and we examined three of them, a mother and two sons. All three patients presented with small dark‐brown maculae on the face and neck and electrocardiographic abnormalities. These findings sufficed to fulfill the criteria for LEOPARD syndrome (multiple lentigines syndrome), although they lacked five of seven major clinical features. However, the family members presented with a webbed neck and pectus excavatum, which are more frequently seen in Turner or Noonan syndrome. Histological examination of the lentigines revealed slightly elongated rete ridges, a hyperpigmented basal layer, and melanophages in the papillary dermis. Direct sequencing of the patients’ genomic DNA revealed that all three had a consistent missense mutation [c.1403C > T (p.T468M)] in the PTPN11 gene, confirming LEOPARD syndrome with an atypical phenotype. It was suggested that LEOPARD syndrome shows a diverse phenotype but its diagnosis can be verified by mutation analysis.
Sex‐specific effects of inbreeding in wild‐caught Drosophila melanogaster under benign and stressful conditions
Authors: ENDERS L. S. , NUNNEY L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn animal populations, sib mating is often the primary source of inbreeding depression (ID). We used recently wild‐caught Drosophila melanogaster to test whether such ID is amplified by environmental stress and, in males, by sexual selection. We also investigated whether increased ID because of stress (increased larval competition) persisted beyond the stressed stage and whether the effects of stress and sexual selection interacted. Sib mating resulted in substantial cumulative fitness losses (egg to adult reproduction) of 50% (benign) and 73% (stressed). Stress increased ID during the larval period (23% vs. 63%), but not during post‐stress reproductive stages (36% vs. 31%), indicating larval stress may have purged some adult genetic load (although ID was uncorrelated across stages). Sexual selection exacerbated inbreeding depression, with inbred male offspring suffering a higher reproductive cost than females, independent of stress (57% vs. 14% benign, 49% vs. 11% stress).
Effects of polyandry on male phenotypic diversity
Authors: BARBOSA M. , DORNELAS M. , MAGURRAN A. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolyandry has the potential to affect the distribution of phenotypes and to shape the direction of sexual selection. Here, we explore this potential using Trinidadian guppies as a model system and ask whether polyandry leads to directional and/or diversifying selection of male phenotypic traits. In this study, we compare the phenotypic diversity of offspring from multiply and singly sired broods. To quantify phenotypic diversity, we first combine phenotypic traits using multivariate methods, and then take the dispersion of individuals in multivariate space as our measure of diversity. We show that, when each trait is examined separately, polyandry generates offspring with a higher proportion of bright coloration, indicating directional selection. However, our multivariate approach reveals that this directionality is accompanied by an increase in phenotypic diversity. These results suggest that polyandry (i) selects for the production of sons with the preferred brighter colour phenotypes whereas (ii) enhancing the diversity of male sexual traits. Promoting phenotypic diversity may be advantageous in coping with environmental and reproductive variability by increasing long‐term fitness.
Association betweenFOXP2gene and speech sound disorder in Chinese population
Authors: Zhao Yunjing , Ma Hongwei , Wang Yueping , Gao Hong , Xi Chunyan , Hua Tainyi , Zhao Yaru , Qiu Guangrong 
Published: September 2010

Aim: FOXP2was described as the first gene relevant to human speech and language disorders. The main objective of this study was to compare the distribution ofFOXP2gene polymorphisms between patients with speech sound disorder and healthy controls.Methods: FiveFOXP2polymorphisms, rs923875, rs2396722, rs1852469, rs17137124 and rs1456031, were analyzed in 150 patients with speech sound disorder according to DSM‐IV, as well as in 140 healthy controls. Coding exons for key domains ofFOXP2were also sequenced in all the patients.Results: Significant differences in the genotype (P = 0.001) and allele (P = 0.0025) frequencies of rs1852469 (located 5′ upstream of the ATG initiator codon) were found between patients and controls. The excess of the T allele in the patients group remained significant after Bonferroni correction (P = 0.0126). Further investigations revealed a risk haplotype: rs2396722T/+rs1852469T. Our screening of key domains did not detect any point mutations in this sample. But we detected heterozygous triplet deletion of the glutamine‐encoding region of exon 5 that alterFOXP2protein sequence in five probands. These changes are predicted to yield a polyglutamine tract reduction from 40 to 39 consecutive glutamines.Conclusions: Our data support a possible role ofFOXP2in the vulnerability to speech sound disorder, which adds further evidence to implicate this gene in speech and language functions.
Impact of biopsychosocial factors on psychiatric training in Japan and overseas: Are psychiatrists oriented to mind, brain, or sociocultural issues?
Authors: Kato Takahiro A. , Tateno Masaru , Umene‐Nakano Wakako , Balhara Yatan P. S. , Teo Alan R. , Fujisawa Daisuke , Sasaki Ryuji , Ishida Tetsuya , Kanba Shigenobu 
Published: September 2010

Aim:  To clarify the impact of biopsychosocial factors on psychiatric training under the new and traditional postgraduate medical education system in Japan and to compare them with young psychiatrists from other countries.Methods:  Psychiatric residents and early‐career psychiatrists were recruited in Japan and other countries. Using mail‐based and web‐based self‐administered questionnaires, we evaluated participants' demographic information, motivation to become psychiatrists, interest and commitment to various aspects of psychiatry, and reactions to a case vignette, focusing on biopsychosocial factors.Results:  A total of 137 responses, 81 from Japan and 56 from other countries, were collected. Before starting psychiatric training, Japanese participants showed a strong interest in ‘mind’ and less interest in ‘brain’ and ‘environmental factors’, while the interest in ‘brain’ and ‘environmental factors’ is presently as high as that in ‘mind.’ Japanese participants reported less commitment to their training toward ICD/DSM‐based diagnosis, interview, pharmacotherapy, psychosocial treatment and epidemiology, compared with participants from other countries. In particular, Japanese participants showed less commitment to their training in suicide prevention, despite their perception of its high importance due to a high suicide rate in Japan. Suicide risk of a case vignette proved to be differently assessed according to participants' commitment levels to each aspect of psychiatry.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that young psychiatrists' attitudes concerning the biopsychosocial model generally become well‐balanced with psychiatric training, however sociocultural factors do not seem to be well represented in the Japanese psychiatric training system. Additional training on sociocultural issues, such as suicide in Japan, should be considered.
Effects of osmotic‐release methylphenidate in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder as measured by event‐related potentials
Authors: Sawada Masayuki , Iida Junzo , Ota Toyosaku , Negoro Hideki , Tanaka Shohei , Sadamatsu Miyuki , Kishimoto Toshifumi 
Published: September 2010

Aim:  Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a relatively common central nervous system disorder in school‐age children, which may involve a specific disorder in cognition and/or information processing. Event‐related potentials (ERP) are commonly used as physiological measures of cognitive function as they are easily measured and non‐invasive. Thus, in the present study, we examined the effects of osmotic‐release methylphenidate (MPH) (Concerta), a common treatment for childhood attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in ADHD children as measured by ERP.Methods:  Ten ADHD children participated after giving consent. Based on the guidelines for evoked potential measurement, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300 were obtained by auditory odd‐ball tasks. We measured both MMN and P300 in the drug‐naive condition and after intake of osmotic‐release MPH.Results:  The MMN amplitudes after intake of osmotic‐release MPH were significantly greater than those in the drug‐naive situation at Pz and C4. The P300 amplitudes after intake of osmotic‐release MPH were significantly greater than those in the drug‐naive situation at Cz and Pz.Conclusion:  MMN and P300 are sensitive tools for measuring the pharmacological effects of osmotic‐release MPH in ADHD children.
Impact of spatial disjunction within biophysical classes on plant species composition: implications for conservation planning
Authors: ADAMS MATTHEW P. , SMITH PETER L. , BEATTIE ANDREW J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe use of surrogates for biodiversity is a practical tool to improve the cost effectiveness of regional conservation planning. However, there is still much uncertainty about the biological representativeness of surrogates. Using a biophysical classification system known as the Mitchell Landscapes, we compare plant species composition in contiguous versus disjunct units of nine Landscape types and hence the ability of this surrogate to capture patterns of plant species composition. We found that plant species homogeneity was higher within a contiguous Landscape than between non‐contiguous units of the same Landscape. Overall, the dissimilarity between non‐contiguous units and their contiguous counterparts was significant (P = 0.004). Biophysical classes with very high dissimilarities between non‐contiguous units of the same region may be of limited utility.
Behavioural responses of native predators to an invasive toxic prey species
Authors: NELSON DAVID W. M. , CROSSLAND MICHAEL R. , SHINE RICHARD 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOne important impact of invasive species may be to modify the behaviour of native taxa. For example, the invasion of highly toxic cane toads (Bufo marinus) kills many anurophagous native predators, but other predators learn to recognize and avoid the toxic invader. We exposed native fish (northern trout gudgeons, Mogurnda mogurnda) and Dahl's aquatic frogs (Litoria dahlii) to cane toad tadpoles, then monitored the predator's responses during subsequent trials. Both the frogs and fish initially attacked toad tadpoles, but rapidly learned not to do so. Fish and adult frogs retained their aversion for at least a week, whereas recently metamorphosed frogs did not. Clearly, the spread of cane toads through tropical Australia can modify feeding responses of native aquatic predators. For predators capable of rapid avoidance learning, the primary impact of cane toads may be on foraging behaviour rather than mortality.
ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR COLORECTAL NEOPLASIA
Authors: Honma Kiyoaki , Kobayashi Makoto , Watanabe Hidetaka , Suga Toshihiro , Tominaga Keiichi , Yamagata Michiko , Hiraishi Hideyuki 
Published: September 2010

Aim:  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been positively applied to and gradually standardized for early gastric cancer; however, it is not widely used in the colorectum because of its technical difficulty.Methods:  To increase the safety and ease of carrying out colon ESD, we developed a new scissors‐type device that we call the stag beetle knife (SBK). Here we report on our efforts to assess the efficacy and safety of colon ESD using the SBK.Results:  ESD was carried out using SBK in 25 patients with colorectal neoplasia. All lesions were treated safety and easily, without any unexpected incisions. No delayed hemorrhage and perforation occurred. An en‐bloc resection and a negative resection margin were obtained in all cases.Conclusion:  ESD using the SBK can be carried out with greater ease and safety for colorectal neoplasia.
Using host associations to predict spatial patterns in the species richness of the parasites of North American carnivores
Authors: Harris Nyeema C. , Dunn Robert R. 
Published: September 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1411–1418AbstractDespite the central theme in ecology of evaluating determinants of species richness, little effort has been focused on parasites. Here, we developed a parasite diversity model based on known host associations with 29 North American carnivores to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of parasite richness, its relationship to carnivore richness, and how host composition and specificity influenced these patterns. Patterns in parasite species richness closely tracked carnivore species richness across space and this relationship was robust to deviations from the assumption that parasites match the distribution of their hosts. Because wide‐ranging hosts disproportionately contributed to total and specialist parasite species richness, conservation programmes that focus on these common hosts may capture not only much of biological diversity, but also unwittingly sources of human diseases. We supply the first parasite diversity model to understand broad‐scale patterns in species richness patterns for North American carnivores, which can inform both future parasite conservation and disease management.
Six weeks' sebacic acid supplementation improves fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and glucose tolerance in db/db mice
Authors: Membrez M. , Chou C. J. , Raymond F. , Mansourian R. , Moser M. , Monnard I. , Ammon‐Zufferey C. , Mace K. , Mingrone G. , Binnert C. 
Published: September 2010

Aim: To investigate the impact of chronic ingestion of sebacic acid (SA), a 10‐carbon medium‐chain dicarboxylic acid, on glycaemic control in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Three groups of 15 db/db mice were fed for 6 weeks either a chow diet (Ctrl) or a chow diet supplemented with 1.5 or 15% (SA1.5% and SA15%, respectively) energy from SA. Fasting glycaemia was measured once a week and HbA1c before and after supplementation. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at the end of the supplementation. Gene expression was determined by transcriptomic analysis on the liver of the Ctrl and SA15% groups. Results: After 42 days of supplementation, fasting glycaemia and HbA1c were ∼70 and 25% lower in the SA15% group compared with the other groups showing a beneficial effect of SA on hyperglycaemia. During OGTT, plasma glucose area under the curve was reduced after SA15% compared with the other groups. This effect was associated with a tendency for an improved insulin response. In the liver, Pck1 and FBP mRNA were statistically decreased in the SA15% compared with Ctrl suggesting a reduced hepatic glucose output induced by SA. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of SA largely improves glycaemic control in a mouse model of T2D. This beneficial effect may be due to (i) an improved glucose‐induced insulin secretion and (ii) a reduced hepatic glucose output.