bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin Effects on Sleep and Emotional Disorders in Adolescent Migraine
Authors: Pakalnis Ann , Splaingard Mark , Splaingard Deborah , Kring Donna , Colvin Andrew 
Published: March 2009

Objective.— To determine frequency of emotional disorders and sleep disturbances in adolescent migraineurs with episodic and chronic headaches. To determine the relationship of whole blood serotonin, caffeine consumption, and frequency of sleep and mood disorders.Background.— The neurotransmitter serotonin has been implicated to play a role in the initiation and maintenance of sleep and in modulating mood. A putative role in migraine pathophysiology is also known.Methods.— Adolescents from 13 to 17 years of age were identified from our headache clinic with episodic or chronic migraine (according to International Classification of Headache Disorders‐Second Edition criteria) and healthy controls enrolled. Psychological rating scales were completed, including Adolescent Symptom Inventory (4th Edition) and Child Depression Inventory. Sleep questionnaires (Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire and Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire) were completed by the teenager's parents/guardian. Whole blood serotonin levels were drawn and analyzed and caffeine consumption obtained by history.Results.— A total of 18 controls (8 girls) and 15 patients each with episodic migraines (9 girls) and chronic migraine (10 girls) were studied.Patients with headache had significantly more sleep problems than controls. Patients with chronic migraines had increased daytime sleepiness and dysthymia compared with teenagers with episodic migraines. Serotonin levels were not significantly different, and no association was noted between serotonin levels and sleep abnormalities or emotional rating scales. Increased caffeine intake was related to sleep and depressive complaints.Conclusions.— Sleep and emotional disorders were common in adolescents with migraine. Sleep disorders and dysthymia were more prevalent with increased headache frequency. No correlation was noted with whole blood serotonin levels.
OTC Analgesics in Headache Treatment: Open‐Label Phase vs Randomized Double‐Blind Phase of a Large Clinical Trial
Authors: Pfaffenrath Volker , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Pageler Lutz , Peil Hubertus , Aicher Bernhard 
Published: March 2009

Objective.— To compare the superior efficacy of the fixed combination of acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, and caffeine over the single substances, which was observed in the randomized, double‐blind phase of the clinical trial, with the efficacy of the respective usual nonprescription medication taken by the patients in the open‐label pre‐phase of the same study.Background.— The “Thomapyrin Study” showed significant superiority of the fixed combination containing acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, and caffeine over the combination without caffeine, the single preparations, and placebo in the treatment of headache.Methods.— Prior to the randomized treatment phase, a headache episode treated with the patient's usual nonprescription medication was recorded (open‐label pre‐phase). Patients assessed their pain intensity on a 100‐mm visual analog scale. For the 1734 patients included in the efficacy analysis, we compared the time course of the pain intensity difference (PID) to baseline after the patients took their usual medication with the time course of the PID after intake of the randomized study medication.Results.— Time course of PID after intake of the patient's usual medication was very similar to the time course of PID after intake of the randomized study medication. After 2 hours, pain reduction was on average 43.0, 38.2, 38.1, and 37.7 mm as assessed on the visual analog scale in the group of patients who took their usual triple combination containing acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, and caffeine, the single agents acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, and ibuprofen, respectively, in the open‐label phase. The corresponding mean pain reduction was 44.7, 40.7, and 39.5 mm in patients allocated to the triple combination containing acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, and caffeine, the single agents acetylsalicylic acid, and paracetamol, respectively, in the randomized, double‐blind phase.Conclusions.— The efficacy results from double‐blind, randomized clinical trials with nonprescription analgesics can be generalized and applied to everyday conditions provided patients and study design are selected carefully.
GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF THE SOUTHERN BULL KELP DURVILLAEA ANTARCTICA (PHAEOPHYCEAE: DURVILLAEALES) IN NEW ZEALAND REVEAL CRYPTIC SPECIES1
Authors: Fraser Ceridwen I. , Hay Cameron H. , Spencer Hamish G. , Waters Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2009

Many macroalgae exhibit considerable intraspecific morphological variation, but whether such variation reflects phenotypic plasticity or underlying genetic differences is often poorly understood. We quantified both morphological and genetic variation of 96 plants from seven field sites across eastern South Island, New Zealand, to assess genetic differences between morphotypes of the southern bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica (Cham.) Har. Consistent DNA sequence differentiation across mitochondrial, plastid, and nuclear loci was correlated with two broadly sympatric morphotypes: “cape” and “thonged.” These ecologically, morphologically, and genetically distinct bull‐kelp lineages were previously considered to be environmentally determined phenotypes with no underlying genetic basis. Interestingly, the sheltered “cape” lineage appears essentially genetically uniform across its South Island range, whereas the exposed “thonged” lineage exhibits marked phylogeographic structure across its range. Results suggest that D. antarctica in New Zealand comprises two reproductively isolated species.
Microhardness of a Resin Cement Polymerized by Light‐Emitting Diode and Halogen Lights through Ceramic
Authors: Hooshmand Tabassom , Mahmoodi Nasrin , Keshvad Alireza 
Published: March 2009

Abstract Purpose: This study evaluated the curing efficiency of light‐emitting diode (LED) and halogen [quartz tungsten halogens (QTH)] lights through ceramic by determining the surface microhardness of a highly filled resin cement. Materials and Methods: Resin cement specimens (Variolink Ultra; with and without catalyst) (5‐mm diameter, 1‐mm thick) were condensed in a Teflon mold. They were irradiated through a ceramic disc (IPS Empress 2, diameter 5 mm, thickness 2 mm) by high‐power light‐curing units as follows: (1) QTH for 40 seconds (continuous), (2) LED for 20 seconds, and (3) LED for 40 seconds (5‐second ramp mode). The specimens in control groups were cured under a Mylar strip. Vickers microhardness was measured on the top and bottom surfaces by a microhardness tester. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post hoc Bonferroni test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The mean microhardness values of the top and bottom surfaces for the dual‐cured cement polymerized beneath the ceramic by QTH or LED (40 seconds) were significantly higher than that of light‐cured cement (p < 0.05). The top and bottom surface microhardness of dual‐cured cement polymerized beneath the ceramic did not show a statistically significant difference between the LED and QTH for 40 seconds (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The efficiency of high‐power LED light in polymerization of the resin cement used in this study was comparable to the high‐power QTH light only with a longer exposure time. A reduced curing time of 20 seconds with high‐power LED light for photopolymerizing the dual‐cured resin cement under ceramic restorations with a minimum 2‐mm thickness is not recommended.
Effect of Three Methods for Cleaning Dentures on Biofilms Formed In Vitro on Acrylic Resin
Authors: Oliveira Paranhos Helena F. , Silva‐Lovato Cláudia H. , De Souza Raphael F. , Cruz Patricia C. , De Freitas‐Pontes Karina M. , Watanabe Evandro , Ito Izabel Y. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three denture hygiene methods against different microbial biofilms formed on acrylic resin specimens. Materials and methods: The set (sterile stainless steel basket and specimens) was contaminated (37°C for 48 hours) by a microbial inoculum with 106 colony‐forming units (CFU)/ml (standard strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis; field strains: S. mutans, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis). After inoculation, specimens were cleansed by the following methods: (1) chemical: immersion in an alkaline peroxide solution (Bonyplus tablets) for 5 minutes; (2) mechanical: brushing with a dentifrice for removable prostheses (Dentu Creme) for 20 seconds; and (3) a combination of chemical and mechanical methods. Specimens were applied onto a Petri plate with appropriate culture medium for 10 minutes. Afterward, the specimens were removed and the plates incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Results: Chemical, mechanical, and combination methods showed no significant difference in the reduction of CFU for S. aureus, S. mutans (ATCC and field strain), and P. aeruginosa. Mechanical and combination methods were similar and more effective than the chemical method for E. faecalis, C. albicans (ATCC and field strain), and C. glabrata. The combination method was better than the chemical method for E. coli and C. tropicalis, and the mechanical method showed intermediate results. Conclusion: The three denture hygiene methods showed different effects depending on the type of microbial biofilms formed on acrylic base resin specimens.
Effects of Intravenous Small Dose Ketamine and Midazolam on Postoperative Pain Following Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Cagla Ozbakis Akkurt Buket , Inanoglu Kerem , Kalaci Aydiner , Turhanoglu Selim , Asfuroglu Zeynel , Tumkaya Feray 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this randomized, double blind, controlled study was to assess the effect of intravenous coadministration of small dose midazolam with ketamine on postoperative pain and spinal block level.Methods:  Sixty patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomized into three groups: Group I (saline control); group II (ketamine 0.15 mg/kg i.v.); and group III (ketamine 0.15 mg/kg +  midazolam 0.01 mg/kg i.v.). Sedation scores, visual analogue scores, time to first postoperative analgesic, total meperidine consumption, patient satisfaction, sensory and motor block levels, and two segments regression times were assessed.Results:  Sedation scores were significantly lower in group I when compared with groups II and III at 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes after administration of the spinal anesthetic (P = 0.001). Sensory block was significantly higher in group III (P = 0.001) in comparison with group II. Two segment regression time was significantly longer in group II than group I, whereas no difference was found between groups II and III. Total meperidine consumption was significantly higher in group I (P = 0,001). Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in group III compared with group I (P = 0.001), but no difference was found between groups II and III (P = 0.3).Conclusion:  Ketamine improved the postoperative pain patient satisfaction, increased the maximal sensory level, and was associated with lower sedation scores in the first 15 minutes after administration. Group I was also associated with decreased total meperidine consumption and delayed the time to first recue analgesic administration. Coadministration of ketamine and midazolam did not provide any further benefit over ketamine alone.
Evaluation of Epidurographic Contrast Patterns with Fluoroscopic‐Guided Lumbar Interlaminar Ventral Epidural Injection
Authors: Choi Young K. , Barbella Joseph D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:  Targeted ventral epidural steroid injection with a transforaminal approach has been widely used for the treatment of nerve root inflammation and pain. Lumbar interlaminar approach is also commonly used; however, ventral epidural injection may not be obtained properly. Lumbar interlaminar ventral epidural (LIVE) injection can be achieved as the epidural catheter is placed at the ventrolateral side of the nerve root. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the contrast dispersal pattern with LIVE injection.Methods:  Forty patients with lower back and L5 radicular pain were studied. LIVE injection was performed with an epidural catheter inserted toward the 9 o'clock position (for the right side) or 3 o'clock position (for the left side) of the pedicle, where the catheter tip was placed at the ventrolateral side of the nerve root. A total of 2 mL of contrast was injected to determine the epidurographic pattern.Results:  With 1‐mL injection, all patients showed excellent filling in the ventral epidural space of L5 nerve root. After a total of 2 mL injection, it showed rostral spread in 26/40 (65%) patients, and caudal spread in 34/40 (85%) patients. None of the patients showed intravascular injection, and no neural complications were reported.Conclusions:  The data showed excellent spread of contrast into the nerve root and the ventral epidural space in all patients. There were no inadvertent vascular or neural complications. LIVE approach can be an alternative way to achieve targeted ventral epidural injection.
Risk Factors of Normal Ankle–Brachial Index and Low Toe–Brachial Index in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Morimoto Satoshi , Nakajima Fumitaka , Yurugi Takatomi , Morita Tatsuyori , Jo Fusakazu , Nishikawa Mitsushige , Iwasaka Toshiji , Maki Kei 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe prevalence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease is high in patients with terminal renal failure, and it is a major problem in those on dialysis. A low ankle–brachial index (ABI) suggests the presence of arterial stenotic lesions between the aorta and the ankle joint, while a low toe–brachial index (TBI) suggests stenotic lesions between the aorta and the toes. Therefore, a normal ABI (≥0.9) and a low TBI (<0.6) may indicate the presence of stenotic lesions located only on the peripheral side of the ankle joint. In the present study, risk factors of normal ABI/low TBI were investigated. In 115 patients on maintenance dialysis, the ABI and TBI were simultaneously measured, and the background factors and laboratory data of patients with normal ABI/low TBI (L group) and those with normal ABI/normal TBI (≥0.6) (N group) were compared. Low ankle–brachial and toe–brachial indices were detected in 13% and 22% of the patients, respectively. Comparison of the background factors and laboratory data between the N and L groups showed that the ratio of diabetes mellitus, interdialytic body weight gain, and HbA1c values were significantly higher in the L group than in the N group. It was clarified that diabetes and excess body weight gain are involved as risk factors in dialysis patients with normal ABI/low TBI.
Malnutrition–Inflammation Complex Syndrome and Hepatitis C in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Vlatkovic Vlastimir , Trbojevic‐Stankovic Jasna , Stojimirovic Biljana 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProtein‐energy malnutrition and inflammation are among the leading causes of poor outcome in hemodialysis patients. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is accompanied by elevated proinflammatory mediators, also found in dialysis patients with malnutrition–inflammation complex syndrome. We aimed to study the rate and characteristics of malnutrition–inflammation complex syndrome (MICS) in hemodialysis patients, especially those with hepatitis C. The study included 147 patients (mean age 55.1 ± 12.9 years), 24.5% of whom were HCV‐positive, undergoing adequate hemodialysis three times a week for the last 52.7 ± 52.5 months. Parameters of nutrition and inflammation were investigated to evaluate MICS. HCV‐positive vs. HCV‐negative patients had significantly higher hematocrit (29.6 ± 4.5 g/dL vs. 28.1 ± 4.3, P < 0.05), uric acid (345.8 ± 96.5 vs. 321.3 ± 118.8 µmol/mL, P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, also known as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) (23.3 ± 14.9 vs. 17.8 ± 9 U/L, P < 0.008), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, also known as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]) (41.2 ± 28.7 vs. 26.6 ± 17.1 U/L, P < 0.0003), serum creatinine (980.4 ± 219.1 vs. 888.4 ± 202.9 µmol/mL, P < 0.022), intact parathyroid hormone (329.7 ± 630.5 vs. 110.2 ± 145.3 pg/mL, P < 0.002), malnutrition–inflammation score (7.4 ± 5.2 vs. 5.6 ± 4.1, P < 0.038), and Charlson comorbidity index (4.5 ± 1.5 vs. 4 ± 1.4, P < 0.05). MICS had a prevalence of 20–40% in our study. HCV‐positive patients had a significantly higher prevalence of MICS than HCV‐negative patients (30–40% vs. 20–30%).
Case Reports of the Use of Immunoadsorption or Plasma Exchange in High‐risk Pregnancies of Women With Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Bortolati Maria , Marson Piero , Chiarelli Silvia , Tison Tiziana , Facchinetti Myriam , Gervasi Maria Teresa , De Silvestro Giustina , Ruffatti Amelia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractConventional treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) pregnancies with aspirin and/or heparin is sometimes unable to counteract maternal and/or fetal complications. In this article we report the cases of two patients who were unresponsive to conventional treatment for APS during their first pregnancy, and who were treated in the following pregnancy with plasma exchange and immunoadsorption respectively, in addition to conventional therapy. Both patients had a history of thrombotic events, a previous pregnancy loss at the 11th week of gestation and the same antiphospholipid antibody profile (lupus anticoagulant activity and high titers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti‐β2 glycoprotein I and IgG anticardiolipin antibodies). Patient 1 was treated from the fourth week of her second pregnancy with weekly plasma exchange. Due to fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios in the 26th week she delivered, by cesarean section, a healthy female infant weighing 730 g who survived. Patient 2 was treated from the seventh week of her second pregnancy with twice a week protein A immunoadsorption. The pregnancy proceeded normally until the 36th week, when, due to slight intrauterine growth restriction, she delivered a healthy baby girl weighing 2375 g by cesarean section. Anti‐β2 glycoprotein I antibody trends were similar during both types of treatment. On the basis of our findings obtained from only two cases it is impossible to define the best aphaeretic treatment of APS high risk pregnancies. Nevertheless, as a whole these data suggest better disease control using the immunoadsorption technique as compared to plasma exchange, despite their apparently similar anti‐β2 glycoprotein I antibody removal capabilities.
KT3D_H2O: A Program for Kriging Water Level Data Using Hydrologic Drift Terms
Authors: Karanovic Marinko , Tonkin Matthew , Wilson David 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt is often necessary to estimate the zone of contribution to, or the capture zone developed by, pumped wells: for example, when evaluating pump‐and‐treat remedies and when developing wellhead protection areas for supply wells. Tonkin and Larson (2002) and Brochu and Marcotte (2003) describe a mapping‐based method for estimating the capture zone of pumped wells, developed by combining universal kriging (kriging with a trend) with analytical expressions that describe the response of the potentiometric surface to certain applied stresses. This Methods Note describes (a) expansions to the techinque described by Tonkin and Larson (2002); (b) the concept of the capture frequency map (CFM), a technique that combines information from multiple capture zone maps into a single depiction of capture; (c) the development of a graphical user interface to facilitate the use of the methods described; and (d) the integration of these programs within the MapWindow geographic information system environment. An example application is presented that illustrates ground water level contours, capture zones, and a CFM prepared using the methods and software described.
The Venturesome Economy: How Innovation Sustains Prosperity in a More Connected World*
Authors: Bhidé Amar 
Published: March 2009

Many observers have warned that the next stage of globalization—the offshoring of research and development to China and India—threatens the foundations of Western prosperity. But in this article, the author explains why the doomsayers are likely to be wrong.Using extensive field studies on venture capital‐backed businesses to examine how technology is really used to create value in modern economies, this article explains how and why scientific advances abroad generally contribute to prosperity at home, and why trying to maintain the U.S. lead by subsidizing more research or training more scientists is likely to do more harm than good.When breakthrough ideas have no borders, a nation's capacity to exploit cutting‐edge research regardless of where it originates is the key to its economic competitiveness. “Venturesome consumption”—that is, the willingness and ability of businesses and consumers to use products and technologies derived from scientific research in the most effective ways—is far more important than having a share of the research. And for this reason, well‐developed and “venturesome” economies like the U.S. benefit disproportionately from scientific innovations abroad. To cite just one example discussed at length in this article, the success of Apple's iPod owes much to technologies that were developed largely in Asia and Europe.The proven ability of the United States to remain at the forefront of the global “innovation game” reflects the contributions of many players—not just a few brilliant scientists and engineers, but literally millions of U.S. entrepreneurs, managers, financiers, salespersons, and, to a very large degree, U.S. consumers. As long as their venturesome spirit remains alive and well, advances abroad should not be feared but welcomed.
Whither Capitalism?*
Authors: Roach Stephen S. 
Published: March 2009

The global financial crisis and policy responses to it have led many to question their fundamental belief in market‐based capitalism. In the U.S., the epicenter of the crisis and poster child of capitalism, signs of creeping nationalization of the financial system have raised fears that the basic model is being turned inside out.In this essay, the author argues that, with more than 90% of the U.S. private sector still operating “largely as a free‐enterprise system,” concerns about nationalization and government involvement in the marketplace are greatly exaggerated. More troubling are the diminishing prospects for a prompt post‐crisis normalization of fiscal and monetary policy, and for a decisive and transparent exit strategy from the present “policies of crisis containment.” In the absence of such decisiveness and transparency, the debate over the efficacy of market‐based capitalism will continue.The longer‐run challenge is to learn from the crisis and take measures designed to limit risk‐taking to acceptable levels in today's global financial environment, with its continuous cross‐border flow of information, trade, and human as well as financial capital. Making Wall Street the villain is the path of least resistance in a politically charged environment, but any fix must be grounded in shared responsibility. As the author says in closing, “Governance, or the lack thereof—both within the private sector as well as by those charged with regulation and oversight—proved to be the weak link in the chain. Fix that, and capitalism will be just fine.”