bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive methods of accurately diagnosing in children anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk
Authors: Chien Kuang-Jen , Huang Ta-Cheng , Hsieh Kai-Sheng , Lin Chu-Chuan , Weng Ken-Pen , Pan Jun-Yen , Lee Cheng-Liang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundAnomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk is a rare congenital heart defect. Cardiac catheterization remains the standard means of diagnosis. Our purpose in this study is to emphasize the importance of assessing the electrocardiogram when making the diagnosis, in addition to taking note of transthoracic echocardiographic findings. We also analyzed the sensitivity of each parameter under investigation.Methods and ResultsBetween June, 1999, and March, 2007, we studied 9 patients, 6 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 3.02 years, in whom anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk was suspected subsequent to transthoracic echocardiographic examination. We examined their electrocardiograms, and undertook cardiac catheterization. In all patients, the transthoracic echocardiogram had shown retrograde flow into the pulmonary trunk, with the left coronary artery arising from pulmonary trunk, along with a dilated right coronary artery, or intercoronary collateral vessels. In 8 patients, the electrocardiogram showed deep Q wave in leads I and aVL, with depression of the ST segments over lead V4 through 6, or inversion of the T waves in leads I, II, and aVL. In the remaining patient, the electrocardiogram showed incomplete right bundle branch block. Later, cardiac catheterization confirmed the diagnosis in 8 patients, but the other patient was shown to have the right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk.ConclusionsBy combining transthoracic echocardiography with study of the electrocardiogram, it is possible to provide accurate evaluation of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk.
Indigenous ecological knowledge as social capital: How citizen science can help us replenish the bank
Authors: Kar Gupta Kaberi , Katti Madhusudan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
*Background/Question/Methods*
In our increasingly urban world, indigenous knowledge of local ecology is declining rapidly, because survival in industrialized urban environments does not depend on knowing the details of local flora, fauna, or phenologies. While traditional ecological knowledge has been documented since 1980s, this is has been largely descriptive, e.g., ethnobotany of sacred groves, cultivation practices, or use of medicinal plants. Until recently, conservation biologists and managers of protected areas have followed western models of conservation that exclude local people and often abandon local ecological knowledge. However, many scientific studies of local ecosystems would not have been possible without the knowledge-base of indigenous people helping researchers. Yet, careful scientific analysis of such knowledge systems is scarce, except in some commercial applications such as forestry or fisheries. Further, even in rare instances when park managers have recruited knowledgeable locals as partners in PA management, the bureaucracy ended up dissipating ecological knowledge rather than sustaining it. The challenge therefore is to understand the epistemology of ecological knowledge, especially the costs and benefits to local people, to help create novel management regimes which provide new incentives for sustaining such knowledge even as traditional dependencies on natural resources are transformed for long-term sustainability of biodiversity.

*Results/Conclusions*
This paper reviews the literature on indigenous ecological knowledge in South Asia, to establish a baseline for systematic epistemological analyses. Examples include the Bihari bird-trappers assisting the Bombay Natural History Society's bird-ringing projects, Irulas helping snake research at Madras Crocodile Bank, Kanis supporting a variety of research projects, including our own, in Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve over the past two decades, and the modern day settlers in Andaman Islands who have turned from over-harvesting and poaching to sustainable cultivation of Edible-nest Swiftlets. We argue that indigenous knowledge is useful not only for monitoring ecosystems or determining use of natural resources, but more importantly for generating fundamental scientific insights, and adding to the knowledge part of our collective social capital. Even as indigenous knowledge is being lost, volunteer-based Citizen Science projects are recruiting amateur naturalists, especially in urban areas, to monitor and study local biodiversity. Such approaches need to be extended into genuinely participatory research programs where indigenous people are engaged in generating and sustaining ecological knowledge, from traditional and modern scientific perspectives, to become well-informed stewards of the socio-ecological systems we inhabit from local to global scales. This is a crucial step towards slowing the loss of biodiversity by reversing our collective loss of knowledge of biodiversity.
Obstetric outcome in Danish children with a validated diagnosis of kernicterus
Authors: MAIMBURG RIKKE DAMKJÆR , BECH BODIL HAMMER , BJERRE JESPER VANDBORG , OLSEN JØRN , MØLLER‐MADSEN BJARNE 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective. To validate the use of the kernicterus diagnosis in a clinical register in Denmark and to describe occurrence and obstetric outcome in children with a validated kernicterus diagnosis. Design. Population‐based cohort study. Setting. Denmark. Population. All children born from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 2003. Methods. We established a national population‐based cohort of children with a diagnosis of kernicterus based on data obtained from a mandatory national register and from a clinically established cohort. Information on obstetric outcome and child development was obtained from the registers and from the medical records. Main outcome measures. Validation of the kernicterus diagnosis and description of obstetric and long‐term outcomes in children with kernicterus. Results. We found 15 children with a diagnosis of kernicterus in the Danish National Hospital Register and eight children with a diagnosis of kernicterus in a clinically established cohort. A total of nine children had a validated diagnosis of kernicterus which leads to a cumulative incidence of kernicterus in Denmark of 1.3/100.000 newborns. Most of the nine children experienced suboptimal growth but otherwise normal pregnancy and delivery outcomes. All except one child developed severe neurological impairment in childhood. Conclusion. Kernicterus is still an existing disease in Denmark. The children with kernicterus experienced overall normal pregnancy and delivery outcomes but long‐term outcomes were affected. Validation of the kernicterus diagnosis in the hospital register was necessary.
Selective prophylactic transfusion in sickle cell disease
Authors: GROSSETTI ELIZABETH , CARLES GABRIEL , EL GUINDI WAEL , SEVE BEATRICE , MONTOYA YOHNI , CREVEUIL CHRISTIAN , DREYFUS MICHEL 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective. To record feto‐maternal complications following the use of selective prophylactic transfusions in women with major sickle cell disease (SCD) and determine whether selective prophylactic transfusion reduces these complications, through a comparison with a population of women who received transfusions for complications only. Design. A retrospective cohort study. Setting. Public regional referral hospital in western French Guyana. Population. Between 1992 and 2004, in all 29 women, 55 pregnancies, and 56 neonates. Methods. Close obstetric follow‐up and selective prophylactic transfusions after 26 weeks. Main outcome measures. Adverse obstetric outcome (pre‐eclampsia, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), cesarean delivery, neonatal and maternal mortality) and end‐points for SCD outcome (vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC), acute chest syndrome, and infections). Results. Complications involved the different major SCD types to an equal extent. Comparison with the control group showed that women who had received prophylactic transfusions had lower rates of VOC (p = 0.002) and preterm deliveries (p = 0.036), but a significant increase in IUGR cases (p = 0.048). Conclusion. Selective prophylactic transfusion seems to reduce certain maternal and fetal complications in women with severe forms of SCD. These results can only be confirmed through a randomized prospective study.
Pregnant women are satisfied with the information they receive about prenatal diagnosis, but are their decisions well informed?
Authors: FERM WIDLUND KJERSTIN , GUNNARSSON CECILIA , NORDIN KARIN , HANSSON MATS G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective. To survey the information about prenatal diagnosis that midwives give to pregnant women and to find out how the women experience the information. Furthermore, to evaluate the midwives’ opinion about their knowledge and personal need for education. Design. Descriptive cross‐sectional study. Setting. The southeast healthcare region of Sweden. Methods. One hundred and fifty‐seven midwives and 150 pregnant women were invited to reply to a confidential questionnaire in 2008. Results. The reply rate was 78% for the midwives and 53% for the women. Ninety‐six percentage of the midwives used ≤10 minutes to inform women about prenatal diagnosis. Seventy‐two percentage always informed about the advantages and 41% about the choice to continue or terminate the pregnancy if a serious abnormality was detected. In addition, 41% considered that they had sufficient knowledge to inform about prenatal diagnosis, while 84% wanted additional education. Seventy‐six percentage of the women took the decision to have prenatal diagnosis as soon as they found out that they were pregnant. A majority considered that they had been given enough time for questions and reflections. Conclusions. There was discrepancy between the amount of information, which midwives gave to pregnant women about prenatal diagnosis compared to what would be needed for a complete understanding of the relevant medical facts and the risks involved, but even so the women were satisfied with the information.
Risk of selected postpartum infections after cesarean section compared with vaginal birth: A five‐year cohort study of 32,468 women
Authors: LETH RITA ANDERSEN , MØLLER JENS KJØLSETH , THOMSEN REIMAR WERNICH , ULDBJERG NIELS , NØRGAARD METTE 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives. To compare the risk of postpartum infections within 30 days after vaginal birth, emergency, or elective cesarean section (CS). Design. Register‐based cohort study in Denmark. Participants. A total of 32,468 women giving birth in hospitals in the County of Aarhus, Denmark, during the period 2001–2005. Methods. Data from various hospital registries were combined and infections were identified by positive cultures, prescriptions for antibiotics and, re‐operative procedures. Risk of postpartum infection was estimated and adjustment for potentially confounders was performed. Results. Within 30 days postpartum, 7.6% of women who had underwent CS and 1.6% of women having a vaginal birth acquired an infection, yielding an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 4.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.08–5.43. The prevalence of postpartum urinary tract infection (UTI) was 2.8%, after CS and 1.5% after vaginal birth corresponding to an adjusted OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.38–2.03. The risk of UTI did not differ between emergency and elective CS. The prevalence of WI was 5.0% after CS and 0.08% after vaginal birth. Moreover, we found a nearly 50% higher risk of postpartum WI after emergency CS compared to elective CS (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.13–1.97). More than 75% (697/907) of postpartum infections appeared after hospital discharge. Conclusions. The risk of postpartum infection seems to be nearly five‐fold increased after CS compared with vaginal birth. This may be of concern since the prevalence of CS is increasing.
Does fetal weight estimated by ultrasound really affect the success rate of external cephalic version?
Authors: BURGOS JORGE , MELCHOR JUAN CARLOS , COBOS PATRICIA , CENTENO MARIMAR , PIJOAN JOSE IGNACIO , FERNANDEZ‐LLEBREZ LUIS , MARTINEZ‐ASTORQUIZA TXANTON 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective. To determine whether fetal weight estimated by ultrasound on the day the external cephalic version (ECV) is related to the procedure's success rate. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. University hospital. Population or sample. Two hundred women with a singleton pregnancy undergoing an ECV attempt between March 2002 and March 2006. Method. Projected birthweight at delivery was calculated. Logistic regression analysis, by grams and by weight intervals, and multiple correspondence analysis were performed to determine whether or not the weight was related to the procedure's success. Specific statistical analysis was undertaken to minimize measurement bias in fetal weight estimation. Main outcome measure. Success of ECV in relation to estimated fetal weight. Results. Measurement bias was ruled out because no statistically significant differences were identified with the Student's t‐test (p>0.05), Bland–Altman's agreement analysis, and the interclass correlation coefficient analysis (ICC = 0.829; CI95% 0.772–0.871; p<0.01). By logistic regression analysis, a variable relation between fetal weight estimated by ultrasound and ECV success was detected, while multiple correspondence analysis suggested that variations in fetal weight are weakly related to the procedure's success or failure. No relation was identified between ECV and birthweight (p = 0.38) when the delivery took place in the same week as the version. Conclusions. Estimated fetal weight before ECV seems not to be related to the outcome of ECV.
Corpus Callosum Size and Shape in Established Bipolar Affective Disorder
Authors: Walterfang Mark , Malhi Gin S. , Wood Amanda G. , Reutens David C. , Chen Jian , Barton Sarah , Yücel Murat , Velakoulis Dennis , Pantelis Christos 
Published: August 2009

Objective: Callosal structural and functional alterations have been demonstrated in a range of neuropsychiatric illnesses, including bipolar disorder, but no study has examined regional callosal thickness in this phenotype. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine callosal size and shape in a well-defined group of bipolar affective disorder patients and controls. Methods: The participants included 24 patients with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder and 24 matched healthy controls. The corpus callosum was extracted from mid-callosal images from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans on all participants, and callosal area, length, bending angle and regional callosal thickness measures were computed from these images. Results: The callosum was thinner in the bipolar group overall, with a disproportionately reduced thickness in the splenium. Psychotic and non-psychotic patients did not differ, although patients without a family history of mood disorders had a thinner callosum. Conclusion: Callosal reductions are present in established bipolar disorder, and affect posterior regions more than anterior regions. This may reflect a primary disturbance to myelination, or a secondary effect of grey matter changes.
Recall of News Stories About Mental Illness by Australian Youth: Associations with Help-Seeking Attitudes and Stigma
Authors: Morgan Amy J. , Jorm Anthony F. 
Published: August 2009

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate what news stories about mental illness are recalled by Australian youth and whether these are associated with stigma and help-seeking beliefs. Method: A random sample of 3746 Australian youth aged 12–25 years were interviewed about mental health literacy in 2006. As part of the interview, they were asked whether they could recall any news stories about mental health problems during the past 12 months. Stigma was assessed, as well as willingness to seek help for a mental illness described in a vignette. Common news story themes were entered as predictors of stigma components and willingness to seek help in a series of logistic regressions. Results: Only a minority of youth could recall a news story about mental illness. The most common stories recalled were those involving crime or violence; mental health system failures; or disclosures of mental illness by prominent individuals. Recall of a disclosure by a prominent individual was associated with beliefs that people with mental illness are sick rather than weak, while recall of a story involving crime or violence was associated with greater reluctance to tell anyone about a mental health problem. There were no types of stories that predicted willingness to seek help. Conclusions: There is some evidence that recall of positive or negative news stories is associated with specific components of stigma. Overall, however, recall of news stories about mental illness added little explanatory power to differences in stigma or help-seeking intentions.
Serotonin Discontinuation Syndrome Following in Utero Exposure to Antidepressant Medication: Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Galbally Megan , Lewis Andrew J. , Lum Jarrad , Buist Anne 
Published: August 2009

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine neonatal symptoms previously reported to be associated with exposure to antidepressant medication in late pregnancy in a group of infants exposed to antidepressants, using a prospective and controlled design. Method: A prospective case–control study recruited 27 pregnant women taking antidepressant medication and 27 matched controls who were not taking antidepressant medication in pregnancy. Of the 27 women taking medication, 25 remained on medication in the third trimester and, of these, 23 women had complete data available. In pregnancy and after delivery women were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II and a purpose-designed questionnaire. After delivery mothers were asked a set of nine questions pertaining to symptoms of discontinuation in their newborn and questions about pregnancy and delivery complications. Results: There was an increased risk of discontinuation symptoms in neonates exposed to antidepressant medication in late pregnancy and an association with higher dose medication. The study group were found to be significantly more likely to display behaviour such as crying, jitteriness, tremor, feeding, reflux and sneezing and sleep for <3 h after a feed. They also had significantly higher rates of jaundice and admissions to the special care nursery. Conclusions: Exposure to antidepressants in late pregnancy is associated with a range of symptoms in the neonate that are consistent with the effects of exposure to antidepressants in late pregnancy. The clusters of symptoms most highly correlated are the gastrointestinal and central nervous system symptoms. These finding helps to identify the common symptoms associated with a neonatal serotonin discontinuation syndrome.
Advocacy Coalitions and Change in National Forest Wilderness Policies
Authors: Davis Charles 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
National forest wilderness policies have changed considerably in terms of which political institutions make key decisions and factors that help us understand why policy shifts occurred since the passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964. Despite early efforts by Forest Service officials to limit the size and number of wilderness areas within national forests, their influence was curtailed by an activist Congress that was strongly predisposed to protect roadless areas from the mid-1960s through the early 1990s. However, subsequent efforts to push state national forest wilderness bills were thwarted by a change in Congressional leadership less sensitive to environmental values and other factors. This was followed by a major venue shift involving one President's efforts to create new wilderness areas via rulemaking, and the subsequent President's attempts to reverse or limit the scope of such efforts. Over time, influence over national forest wilderness decisions is analyzed using the advocacy coalition framework to trace its evolution from an agency-based perspective to a lengthy period of Congressional dominance, and, more recently, to a process that is increasing influenced by the President.
Variability in the density and sound-speed of coastal zooplankton and nekton
Authors: Forman Krissy A. , Warren Joseph D. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Forman, K. A., and Warren, J. D. 2010. Variability in the density and sound-speed of coastal zooplankton and nekton. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 10–18. Acoustic sampling techniques provide an advantage over traditional net-sampling by increasing scientist ability to survey a large area in a relatively short period, as well as providing higher-resolution data in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. To convert acoustic data into measures of biological organisms, physics-based scattering models are often used. Such models use several parameters to predict the amount of sound scattered by a fluid-like or weakly scattering animal. Two important input parameters are the density (g) and sound-speed (h) contrasts of the animal and the surrounding seawater. The density and sound-speed contrasts were measured for coastal zooplankton and nekton species including shrimps (Palaemonetes pugio and Crangon septemspinosa), fish (Fundulus majalis and Fundulus heteroclitus), and polychaetes (Nereis succinea and Glycera americana) along with multiple physiological and environmental variables. Factors such as animal size, feeding status, fecundity, gender, and maturity caused variations in g. The variations in g observed for these animals could lead to large differences (or uncertainties) in abundance estimates based on acoustic scattering models and field-collected backscatter data. It may be important to use a range of values for g and h in the acoustic scattering models used to convert acoustic data into estimates of the abundance of marine organisms.
First Report of Podosphaera alpina f. alpina on Tolmiea menziesii in Washington State and British Columbia
Authors: Putnicki Lydia S. , Glawe Dean A. 
Published: August 2009

Tolmiea menziesii (Pursh) Torr. & A. Gray (Saxifragaceae, piggyback plant) is an understory species typically sold as an ornamental houseplant. We recently made several collections of T. menzii in Washington and British Columbia with powdery mildew symptoms and determined the causal agent to be Podosphaera alpina f. alpina (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. This is the first report of this fungus on T. menziesii in Washington and British Columbia. Accepted for publication 5 June 2009. Published 10 August 2009.