bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in human surgical wounds
Authors: Kumar I , Staton C A , Cross S S , Reed M W R , Brown N J 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundAngiogenesis plays an essential role in tissue repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediates angiogenesis through receptor kinases VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2, and co-receptors, neuropilins Np1 and Np2. This study examined the spatial and temporal expression of these factors in relation to angiogenesis in surgical wounds.MethodsScar biopsies were obtained from patients between 3 days and 2 years after surgery. Normal skin control biopsies were taken during surgery. Microvessel density (MVD) was quantified using a Chalkley grid. VEGF, VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, Np1 and Np2 endothelial expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, and correlated with MVD and scar age.ResultsCumulative MVD was significantly greater in scars than controls (P = 0·011), and was related to scar age (P = 0·007). Expression of VEGF, VEGF-R2, Np1 and Np2 was increased significantly in all scars and correlated with MVD. In contrast, scar VEGF-R1 expression was decreased, and correlated with increased VEGF and VEGF-R2.ConclusionLevels of VEGF, VEGF-R2, Np1 and Np2 are increased, whereas VEGF-R1 expression is decreased in angiogenesis, suggesting a role for VEGF–receptor complexes in early wound healing. This altered protein expression and increased presence of vessels is prolonged, suggesting that structural remodelling continues for at least 2 years after surgery.
Phaeochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas
Authors: Petri B-J , van Eijck C H J , de Herder W W , Wagner A , de Krijger R R 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
About 24 per cent of phaeochromocytomas (PCCs) and sympathetic paragangliomas (sPGLs) appear in familial cancer syndromes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, von Hippel–Lindau disease, neurofibromatosis type 1 and PCC–paraganglioma syndrome. Identification of these syndromes is of prime importance for patients and their relatives. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for both PCC and sPGL, but controversy exists about the management of patients with bilateral or multiple tumours.

Methods
Relevant medical literature from PubMed, Ovid and Embase websites until 2009 was reviewed for articles on PCC, sPGL, hereditary syndromes and their treatment.

Discussion
Genetic testing for these syndromes should become routine clinical practice for those with PCC or sPGL. Patients should be referred to a clinical geneticist. Patients and family members with proven mutations should be entered into a standardized screening protocol. The preferred treatment of PCC and PGL is surgical resection; to avoid the lifelong consequences of bilateral adrenalectomy, cortex-sparing adrenalectomy is the treatment of choice.
Cell culture monitoring via an auto‐sampler and an integrated multi‐functional off‐line analyzer
Authors: Derfus Gayle E. , Abramzon Daniel , Tung Meg , Chang David , Kiss Robert , Amanullah Ashraf 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMammalian cell‐based bioprocesses are used extensively for production of therapeutic proteins. Off‐line monitoring of such cultivations via manual sampling is often labor‐intensive and can introduce operator‐dependent error into the process. An integrated multi‐functional off‐line analyzer, the BioProfile FLEX (NOVA Biomedical, Waltham MA) has been developed, which combines the functionality of three off‐line analyzers (a cell counter, an osmometer, and a gas/electrolyte & nutrient/metabolite bio‐profile analyzer) into one device. In addition, a novel automated sampling system has also been developed that allows the BioProfile FLEX to automatically analyze the culture conditions in as many as ten bioreactors. This is the first report on the development and function of this integrated analyzer and an auto‐sampler prototype for monitoring of mammalian cell cultures. Evaluation of the BioProfile FLEX was conducted in two separate laboratories and involved two BioProfile FLEX analyzers and two sets of reference analyzers (Nova BioProfile 400, Beckman‐Coulter Vi‐Cell AS, and Advanced Instruments Osmometer 3900), 13 CHO cell lines and over 20 operators. In general, BioProfile FLEX measurements were equivalent to those obtained using reference analyzers, and the auto‐sampler did not alter the samples it provided to the BioProfile FLEX. These results suggest that the system has the potential to dramatically reduce the manual labor involved in monitoring mammalian cell bioprocesses without altering the quality of the data obtained, and integration with a bioreactor control system will allow feedback control of parameters previously available only for off‐line monitoring. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Modeling of protein and phenolic compound removal from aqueous solutions by electrocoagulation
Authors: Robić Goran , Miranda Everson Alves 
Published: November 2009

AbstractElectrocoagulation is a technique basically applied in water and wastewater treatment, but which has a number of potential applications in polymer, protein, drug, and vaccine delivery. In this work, we correlate the current applied between the electrodes to the removal of phenolic compounds or protein from aqueous solutions, but the principle can also be applied to other biological compounds such as plant pigments and sugars. Simple and time‐dependent models were developed based on the complex formation between these biological substances and the aluminium hydroxide gel phase. The models developed represent a good agreement with experimental data (R2 as high as 0.992). Besides construction of the models, the effect of pH on the efficiency of removal of proteins and phenolic compounds was evaluated. It was found that this parameter has significant effect on the efficiency of the electrocoagulation and the maximal removal efficiency for bovine serum albumin and phenolic compound catechin was observed at pH 8.0. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Hybrid promoters directed tBid gene expression to breast cancer cells by transcriptional targeting
Authors: Farokhimanesh Samila , Rahbarizadeh Fatemeh , Rasaee Mohammad J. , Kamali Abbas , Mashkani Baratali 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDeveloping cancer gene therapy constructs based on transcriptional targeting of genes to cancer cells is a new and promising modality for treatment of cancer. Introducing truncated Bid (tBid), a recently known member of the Bcl‐2 family, eradicates cancer cells efficiently. For transcriptional targeting of tBid, two dual‐specificity promoters, combining cancer specific core promoters and response modules, were designed. These two core promoter modules contained cancer specific promoters of MUC1 and Survivin genes accompanied by hypoxia‐responsive elements and estrogen responsive elements (microenvironment condition of breast cancer cells) which were employed to achieve a higher and more specific level of tBid expression in breast cancer cells. Correlation of the level of tBid expression in normal and cancer cell lines with promoter activity was measured by RT‐PCR after treatment with hypoxia and estrogen. The level of tBid expression under control of new hybrid promoters was compared with its expression under control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter as a control. Our data revealed that the level of tBid expression in breast cancer cells were nearly 11 times more than normal cells because of the cancer specific promoters, although tBid expression under control of CMV promoter was almost the same in normal and cancer cell lines. Increased apoptosis was detected in the transfected breast cancer cell lines by the Caspase‐3 activity assay. The application of these promoters may prove to have the advantage of tumor selective gene therapy in breast cancer cells and low‐potential toxicity for normal tissues. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Synthesis of Vitamin K1 and K1‐Chromanol by Friedel–Crafts Alkylation in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Coman Simona M. , Parvulescu Vasile I. , Wuttke Stefan , Kemnitz Erhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe partly hydroxylated MgF2 and AlF3 materials are efficient and selective catalysts for the preparation of two important members of the vitamin K class: vitamin K1 and vitamin K1‐chromanol. The high activity in combination with high selectivity in one of the target products is due to both the acidic strength and the synergistic effect of the presence of both, optimized Brønsted and Lewis sites. Therefore, the best catalyst for a target product can be obtained through a very simple tuning of the acidic properties of the material. Moreover, the results obtained in the present study (Yvitamin K1=57.8 % and Yvitamin K1‐chromanol=71.4 %) are also very encouraging from the environmental standpoint as green elements are introduced by using solid catalysts and a biphasic solvent system.
On Wiener‐type polynomials of thorn graphs
Authors: Zhou Bo , Vukičević Damir 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe derive the expressions of the ordinary, the vertex‐weighted and the doubly vertex‐weighted Wiener polynomials of a type of thorn graph, for which the number of pendant edges attached to any vertex of the underlying parent graph is a linear function of its degree. We also define variable vertex‐weighted Wiener polynomials and calculate them for the same type of thorn graphs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of CO on the Oxidative Addition of Arene CH Bonds by Cationic Rhodium Complexes
Authors: Montag Michael , Efremenko Irena , Cohen Revital , Shimon Linda J. W. , Leitus Gregory , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Salem Hiyam , Martin Jan M. L. , Milstein David 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSequential addition of CO molecules to cationic aryl–hydrido RhIII complexes of phosphine‐based (PCP) pincer ligands was found to lead first to CH reductive elimination and then to CH oxidative addition, thereby demonstrating a dual role of CO. DFT calculations indicate that the oxidative addition reaction is directly promoted by CO, in contrast to the commonly accepted view that CO hinders such reactions. This intriguing effect was traced to repulsive π interactions along the aryl‐Rh‐CO axis, which are augmented by the initially added CO ligand (due to antibonding interactions between occupied Rh dπ orbitals and occupied π orbitals of both CO and the arene moiety), but counteracted by the second CO ligand (due to significant π back‐donation). These repulsive interactions were themselves linked to significant weakening of the π‐acceptor character of CO in the positively charged rhodium complexes, which is concurrent with an enhanced σ‐donating capability. Replacement of the phosphine ligands by an analogous phosphinite‐based (POCOP) pincer ligand led to significant changes in reactivity, whereby addition of CO did not result in CH reductive elimination, but yielded relatively stable mono‐ and dicarbonyl aryl–hydrido POCOP–RhIII complexes. DFT calculations showed that the stability of these complexes arises from the higher electrophilicity of the POCOP ligand, relative to PCP, which leads to partial reduction of the excessive π‐electron density along the aryl‐Rh‐CO axis. Finally, comparison between the effects of CO and acetonitrile on CH oxidative addition revealed that they exhibit similar reactivity, despite their markedly different electronic properties. However, DFT calculations indicate that the two ligands operate by different mechanisms.
Alkane Activation over Acidic Zeolites: The First Step
Authors: Louis Benoit , Pereira M. Maciel , Santos Fabiana M. , Esteves Pierre M. , Sommer Jean 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe heterogeneous acid‐catalyzed activation step of alkanes leading to the reaction intermediates (carbocationic or alkoxy species) was up to now the matter of a longstanding controversy. Gas chromatography and online mass spectroscopy measurements show that H2 and methane are formed over H‐zeolites, whereas HD and CH3D are formed over D‐zeolites as the primary products in the reaction with isobutane. These results indicate that σ‐bond protolysis by strong acid sites is the first step for hydrocarbon activation on these catalysts at mild temperatures (473 K), in analogy to the activation path occurring in liquid superacid media.
Tuning Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Metal–Organic Frameworks by Postsynthetic Covalent Modification
Authors: Wang Zhenqiang , Tanabe Kristine K. , Cohen Seth M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPostsynthetic modification is presented as a means to tune the hydrogen adsorption properties of a series of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). IRMOF‐3 (isoreticular metal–organic framework), UMCM‐1‐NH2 (University of Michigan crystalline material), and DMOF‐1‐NH2 (DABCO metal–organic framework) have been covalently modified with a series of anhydrides or isocyanates and the hydrogen sorption properties have been studied. Both the storage capacities and isosteric heats of adsorption clearly show that covalent postsynthetic modification can significantly enhance the sorption affinity of MOFs with hydrogen and in some cases increase both gravimetric and volumetric uptake of the gas as much as 40 %. The significance of the present study is illustrated by: 1) the nature of the substituents introduced by postsynthetic modification result in different effects on the binding of hydrogen; 2) the covalent postsynthetic modification approach allows for systematic modulation of hydrogen sorption properties; and 3) the ease of postsynthetic modification of MOFs allows a direct evaluation of the interplay between MOF structure, hydrogen uptake, and heat of adsorption. The findings presented herein show that postsynthetic modification is a powerful method to manipulate and better understand the gas sorption properties of MOFs.
Placebo and nocebo effects in randomized double‐blind clinical trials of agents for the therapy for fatigue in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: de la Cruz Maxine , Hui David , Parsons Henrique A. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:A significant response to placebo in randomized controlled trials of treatments for cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) had been reported. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the frequency and predictors of response to placebo effect and nocebo effects in patients with CRF treated in those trials.METHODS:The records of 105 patients who received placebo in 2 previous randomized clinical trials conducted by this group were reviewed. The proportion of patients who demonstrated clinical response to fatigue, defined as an increase in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue score of ≥7 from baseline to Day 8, and the proportion of patients with a nocebo effect, defined as those reporting >2 side effects, were determined. Baseline patient characteristics and symptoms recorded using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were analyzed to determine their association with placebo and nocebo effects.RESULTS:Fifty‐nine (56%) patients had a placebo response. Worse baseline anxiety and well‐being subscale score (univariate) and well‐being (multivariate) were significantly associated with placebo response. Commonly reported side effects were insomnia (79%), anorexia (53%), nausea (38%), and restlessness (34%). Multivariate analysis indicated that worse baseline (ESAS) sleep, appetite, and nausea were associated with increased reporting of the corresponding side effects.CONCLUSIONS:Greater than half of advanced cancer patients enrolled in CRF trials had a placebo response. Worse baseline physical well‐being score was associated with placebo response. Patients experiencing specific symptoms at baseline were more likely to report these as side effects of the medication. These findings should be considered in the design of future CRF trials. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
WNT5A mutations in patients with autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome
Authors: Person Anthony D. , Beiraghi Soraya , Sieben Christine M. , Hermanson Spencer , Neumann Ann N. , Robu Mara E. , Schleiffarth J. Robert , Billington Charles J. , van Bokhoven Hans , Hoogeboom Jeannette M. , Mazzeu Juliana F. , Petryk Anna , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Brunner Han G. , Ekker Stephen C. , Lohr Jamie L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRobinow syndrome is a skeletal dysplasia with both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns. It is characterized by short stature, limb shortening, genital hypoplasia, and craniofacial abnormalities. The etiology of dominant Robinow syndrome is unknown; however, the phenotypically more severe autosomal recessive form of Robinow syndrome has been associated with mutations in the orphan tyrosine kinase receptor, ROR2, which has recently been identified as a putative WNT5A receptor. Here, we show that two different missense mutations in WNT5A, which result in amino acid substitutions of highly conserved cysteines, are associated with autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome. One mutation has been found in all living affected members of the original family described by Meinhard Robinow and another in a second unrelated patient. These missense mutations result in decreased WNT5A activity in functional assays of zebrafish and Xenopus development. This work suggests that a WNT5A/ROR2 signal transduction pathway is important in human craniofacial and skeletal development and that proper formation and growth of these structures is sensitive to variations in WNT5A function. Developmental Dynamics 239:327–337, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction and embodiment in dialogue
Authors: Pickering Martin J. , Garrod Simon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe argue that embodiment (via use of action‐based representations) plays a crucial role in dialogue. To illustrate the argument we use studies of language comprehension. We first compare two distinct literatures, one concerned with the activation of non‐linguistic action‐based representations of meaning, and the other with representations of linguistic form associated with language production. We then argue that both types of embodiment support emulation and prediction. Hence, such embodiment enables addressees to anticipate both what their partner is likely to say next and what she is likely to do. We conclude by suggesting that such anticipation is essential for fluent and timely social interactions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating parameters of the channel width–flow discharge relation using rill and gully channel junction data
Authors: Pilar Salvador Sanchis M. , Torri Dino , Borselli Lorenzo , Bryan Rorke , Poesen Jean , Yañez Marta S. , Cremer Cati 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEroding channels can usually be characterized by a power relationship between channel width (W) and channel discharge (Q). This paper examines the WQ relation using a recently developed channel junction approach to extend the validity of the WQ relation and to develop a procedure for estimating the WQ exponent and proportionality coefficient. Rill and gully channel data from the literature, and new data collected in different badland areas and in a few forest mountain streams, are analysed. Analysis shows that the WQ relation for channel width collected in badlands and forests agrees with trends observed for cropland. The exponent increases with increasing channel width in a continuous fashion rather than in a step‐like way and tends to a maximum whose value ranges between 0·5 and 0·6.The proportionality coefficient can be split into two terms, one expressing the case in which an eroding channel can broaden, the other reflecting the difficulties in removing the less erodible clods or rock fragments from the channel bed. Its splitting allows the development of a more correct form of the WQ relation in agreement with modern approaches of channel geometry: one part has the dimension of a discharge and makes the power base dimensionless, while the other brings the dimension of a length, needed for the channel width, into the WQ relation. The interpretation of the two constants is supported by data collected in rainfall‐runoff simulation experiments conducted in the field. Values characterizing the two constants in some environments are also given. Nevertheless the approach is not sufficiently parameterized yet to be of practical use (e.g. in models or for estimating peak discharge in areas where rill channels have formed). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical explanations of variations in river meander migration rates from model comparison
Authors: Crosato Alessandra 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn meandering rivers, the local channel migration rate increases with increasing bend sharpness until it reaches a maximum at a certain critical value of the bend sharpness. Beyond this critical value, the migration rate decreases if bend sharpness increases. Similarly, reach‐averaged migration rates attain a maximum at a certain river sinuosity. This work investigates the physics of these phenomena by comparing the results of two physics‐based models of different complexity, in which the migration rates are proportional to the near‐bank flow velocity excess. In the computational tests the river was allowed to meander progressively, starting from an almost straight planimetry.Both models reproduced the observed peak in the curve describing the local migration rate as a function of the ratio radius of curvature‐channel width (R/B), with a rising limb at lower R/B values and a falling limb at higher R/B values. The rising limb can be explained by the decrease in relative lag distance between near‐bank flow velocity and forcing curvature as R/B increases. The falling limb results from the decrease in local channel curvature and near‐bank flow velocity excess. Since the models do not include flow separation, the results indicate that this phenomenon is not needed to explain the decrease of channel migration rates in sharp bends. The models reproduced also the peak in the curve describing the reach‐averaged migration rates as a function of river sinuosity The increase and then decrease of reach‐averaged migration rates as sinuosity increases appears to be mainly caused by the variation of the reach‐averaged value of the ratio R/B. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.