bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TWAIL: Past and Future
Authors: Anghie Antony 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhile TWAIL could be viewed as a methodology, it is a methodology that is still being developed. The work of current TWAIL scholars on particular areas of international law is of special importance to TWAIL as these studies will hopefully reveal particular ways in which the relationship between international law and the Third World plays out, and will thereby add to the analytical resources available to TWAIL scholars.
A Clash of Normativities: International Society and International Community
Authors: Buchan Russell 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper will suggest that since the end of the Cold War liberal states have instituted a new regime of international relations and of international peace and security in particular. Historically, legitimate statehood could be situated virtually exclusively within international society; in their international relations all states subscribed to a common normative standard which regarded all states qua states as legitimate sovereign equals irrespective of the political constitution that they endorsed. With the end of the Cold War, however, an international community of liberal states has formed within international society which considers only those states that respect the liberal values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law as legitimate. Non-liberal states are not only denigrated as illegitimate but more significantly they are stripped of their previously held sovereign status where international community, motivated by the theory that international peace and security can only be achieved in a world composed of exclusively liberal states, campaigns for their liberal transformation. Finally, it will be suggested that despite the disagreement between liberal states over the decision to invade Iraq in 2003 international community survives, and thus its (antagonistic) relationship with non-liberal states continues to provide a useful method for theorising international peace and security in the contemporary world order.
Three Images of “Global Community”: Theorizing Law and Community in a Multicultural World
Authors: Alkoby Asher 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article uncovers the normative commitments underlying discussions on compliance and institutional design in international law and international relations (IR) theory through an examination of the concept of “global community” in different disciplinary discourses. Three images of global community are conjured in these theoretical discussions: the pluralist, the solidarist, and the discursive. After outlining the first two and discussing the critiques waged against them, the article seeks to defend the third image, which offers an approach to global social integration that is both culturally attuned and ambitious in scope. Drawing on critical IR theory, political philosophy as well as discursive theories of law, the article argues that the proposed image of global community holds the potential to successfully resolve the inherent tension between order, justice and cultural diversity, and where international law may play a meaningful role.
Historicity and the Politics of Predication
Authors: Margolis Joseph 
Published: July 2010

AbstractI begin with a kind of phenomenological reporting of the recent war between Israel and the Hezbollah in Lebanon, in order to explain the meaning of the thesis that "historicity is predication" – meaning by that to clarify the sense in which predication is a kind of political act (for good and sufficient philosophical reasons) and how the "objective" description of an evolving war illuminates such a philosophical reading of history.
Who's Afraid of Determinism? The Ambivalence of Macro-Historical Inquiry
Authors: Adcock Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper explores explanatory practices of macro-historical social science in light of philosophical stances on determinism versus indeterminism. Analysis of determinism and its implications show its compatibility with practices emphasizing causal complexity, contingency, and choice. It can, moreover, clarify and contain these practices in ways that extend the priority traditionally given to causal explanation by macro-historical social scientists. Analysis of indeterminism shows, by contrast, that each of its major varieties challenge macro-historical explanatory practices. To embrace indeterminism and follow through its implications would, in effect, terminate the tradition of macro-historical inquiry as pursued by American sociologists and political scientists.
A Collapse of Trust: Reconceptualizing the Crisis of Historicism
Authors: Paul Herman 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis essay redefines the crisis of historicism as a collapse of trust. Following Friedrich Jaeger, it suggests that this crisis should be understood, not as a crisis caused by historicist methods, but as a crisis faced by the classical historicist tradition of Ranke. The "nihilism" and "moral relativism" feared by Troeltsch's generation did not primarily refer to the view that moral universals did not exist; rather, they expressed that the historical justification of bildungsbürgerliche values offered by classical historicism did no longer work. In Niklas Luhmann's vocabulary, this is to say that moral values could no longer be trusted on historical grounds. But when the "reduction of complexity" offered by classical historicism collapsed, Troeltsch's generation faced a justification problem: what other modes of justification, if any at all, were available in a time of increasing secularization and growing feelings of discontinuity with the past? In identifying the crisis of historicism with this moral justification problem, this essay helps explain why such debts of despair could be reached in the early-twentieth-century disputes over historicism.
Two Conceptions of Collectivity
Authors: Thalos Mariam 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper distinguishes two conceptions of collectivity, each of which tracks the targets of classification according to their aetiology. Collectivities falling under the first conception are founded on (more-or-less) explicit negotiations amongst the members who are known to one another personally. Collectivities falling under the second (philosophically neglected) conception are founded – at least initially – purely upon a shared conception of "we", very often in the absence of prior acquaintance and personal interaction. The paper argues that neglect of collectivities of the second kind renders certain social phenomena (for example, sense of place and certain kinds of conflicted loyalty) inexplicable or invisible. And the paper also stresses that a conception referring to the second kind of collectivity will put us in position to revitalize a variety of important questions, including: Which conception of collectivity best serves the needs of a theory of justice? The paper will contrast the distinction between these two conceptions with the classical Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft distinction, as well as with the more recent attempts to articulate differences between groups according to membership-structuring norms.
Genealogy, Phenomenology, Critical Theory
Authors: Hoy David Couzens 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper explains the genealogical method as it is understood and employed in contemporary Continental philosophy. Using a pair of terms from Bernard Williams, genealogy is contrasted with phenomenology as an ‘unmasking’ as opposed to a ‘vindicatory’ method. The genealogical method is also compared with the method of Ideologiekritik and recent critical theory. Although genealogy is usually thought to be allergic to universals, in fact Foucault, Derrida, and Bourdieu do not shun universals, even if they approach them with caution. The conclusion is that genealogy is a viable and productive approach to social criticism and self-transformation.
Genealogy as Critique?
Authors: Krupp Tyler 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis essay explores whether, and how, genealogy might remain critical within anti-foundationalist philosophical contexts. While adherents of genealogy often presume that genealogy simply is inherently critical in any context, adherents of historicized forms of anti-foundationalist philosophy might rightly wonder whether genealogy can continue to serve any critical purpose whatsoever. Is genealogy a form of historical inquiry that can be done away with once a shift has been made towards historicized forms of anti-foundationalist philosophy? Why continue to do genealogies once certain generalizeable insights have been learned from genealogy? This essay argues that there remains a critical role for genealogy, understood as a particular form of historical inquiry, within anti-foundationalist modes of reasoning. By exploring this critical role for genealogy, our understanding of anti-foundationalist modes of reasoning is enriched, and some clarity is gained into the philosophical foundations of genealogical critique.
Foucault's Historiographical Expansion: Adding Genealogy to Archaeology
Authors: Koopman Colin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper offers a rereading of Foucault's much-disputed mid-career historiographical shift to genealogy from his earlier archaeological analytic. Disputing the usual view that this shift involves an abandonment of an archaeological method that was then replaced by a genealogical method, I show that this shift is better conceived as a historiographical expansion. Foucault's work subsequent to this shift should be understood as invoking both genealogy and archaeology. The metaphor of expansion is helpful in clarifying what was involved in Foucault's historiographical shift. I describe two expansions at the heart of Foucault's move. First, Foucault went from analyzing singular isolable domains of practice (such as knowledge) to analyzing the interactions between multiple domains of practice (such as power/knowledge). Second, Foucault went from an analytic which relied on a single temporal category of rupture to an analytic which invoked the relations amongst multiple temporalities, including continuity alongside discontinuity in his subsequent analyses.
Genealogy and Governmentality
Authors: Biebricher Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe essay aims at an assessment of whether and to what extent the history of governmentality can be considered to be a genealogy. To this effect a generic account of core tenets of Foucauldian genealogy is developed. The three core tenets highlighted are (1) a radically contingent view of history that is (2) expressed in a distinct style and (3) highlights the impact of power on this history. After a brief discussion of the concept of governmentality and a descriptive summary of its history, this generic account is used as a measuring device to be applied to the history of governmentality. While both, the concept of governmentality and also its history retain certain links to genealogical precepts, my overall conclusion is that particularly the history of governmentality (and not necessarily Foucault's more programmatic statements about it) departs from these precepts in significant ways. Not only is there a notable difference in style that cannot be accounted for entirely by the fact that this history is produced in the medium of lectures. Aside from a rather abstract consideration of the importance of societal struggles, revolts and other forms of resistance, there is also little reference to the role of these phenomena in the concrete dynamics of governmental shifts that are depicted in the historical narrative. Finally, in contrast to the historical contingency espoused by genealogy and the programmatic statements about governmentality, the actual history of the latter can be plausibly, albeit unsympathetically, read in a rather teleological fashion according to which the transformations of governmentality amount to the unfolding of an initially implicit notion of governing that is subsequently realised in ever more consistent ways. In the final section of the essay I turn towards the field of governmentality studies, arguing that some of the more problematic tendencies in this research tradition can be traced back to Foucault's own account. In particular, the monolithic conceptualisation of governmentality and the implicit presentism of an excessive focus on Neoliberalism found in many of the studies in governmentality can be linked back to problems in Foucault's own history of governmenality. The paper concludes with suggestions for a future research agenda for the governmentality studies that point beyond Foucault's own account and its respective limitations.
When Analytic Narratives Explain
Authors: Alexandrova Anna 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRational choice modeling originating in economics is sweeping across many areas of social science. This paper examines a popular methodological proposal for integrating formal models from game theory with more traditional narrative explanations of historical phenomena, known as “analytic narratives”. Under what conditions are we justified in thinking that an analytic narrative provides a good explanation? In this paper I criticize the existing criteria and provide a set of my own. Along the way, I address the critique of analytic narratives by Jon Elster.
Four Senses of 'Meaning' in the History of Ideas: Quentin Skinner's Theory of Historical Interpretation
Authors:   Martinich
Published: July 2010

AbstractAt least four different senses of 'meaning' need to be kept separate when describing the proper way to do the history of ideas. The first sense, communicative meaning, relies on the communicative intentions of the author and is very close to H. P. Grice's 'nonnatural meaning'. The second sense, meaning as significance or importance, is close to Grice's "natural meaning," but I focus on a type that depends on human interests; in this sense, meaning as significance is always relative to a person or group and changes as the events or the interests of the person or group change. I show that Quentin Skinner in his classic article, "Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas," confuses these senses. While historians of ideas often focus on identifying communicative meaning, what historians care most about is the significance or importance that something had for people in the past or in the present.
Recent Developments in the Thought of Quentin Skinner and the Ambitions of Contextualism
Authors: Lamb Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, I chart some recent developments in the linguistic contextualist philosophy of history defended by Quentin Skinner. I attempt to identify several shifts in the way in which Skinner's position has been presented and justified, focusing particularly on his embrace of anti-foundationalism, his focus on rhetoric rather than speech-acts and his concern to recast contextualism as compatible with other interpretive approaches. In the final section, I reject the notion – suggested by Skinner and others – that a contextualist philosophy of history might constitute a distinct form of political theorizing in itself.
Literature and Religion: Features of a Systematic Comparison
Authors: Gruber Bettina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractArt (and, as a part of it, also literature) is frequently seen as a substitute for religion, a perspective that dates back to the Romantic era. The article takes a look at the possible reasons, using the Perceval/Parzival/Parsifal material as an example. It argues that the difference between a text accepted as religious truth and a fictional literary text can not be found in the texts themselves, but depends on the function assigned to them by social resp. theological authority. The closeness of literature and religion is, it can be supposed, largely due to using the same media. Despite the fact that transcendent topics seem to further interchange, content is secondary to function. In differentiated modern societies due to the absence of central dogmatic authority literary motives can serve as a basis for religious cult. The Grail-Movement that draws on different strands of the Parzival tradition, but especially on Richard Wagner's Parsifal, serves to demonstrate this.
Western Suspicion of Polytheism, Western Thought Structures, and Contemporary Pagan Polytheisms
Authors: Bittarello Maria Beatrice 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper argues that in contemporary Western culture, polytheism meets with strong theoretical opposition because it is implicitly subversive of powerful thought structures. The paper examines how scholars have conceptualized polytheism; subsequently, it tries to establish what are the concepts connected to a polytheistic religion and worldview, and to define what thought structures are threatened by 'polytheism.' Finally, by examining how contemporary Pagans are reconceptualising polytheism, the author points out that certain contemporary Pagan statements represent an interesting attempt to overcome dualistic thinking.
Liturgy and Violence in Christianity—a Case Study
Authors: Kranemann Benedikt 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReligious rituals and worship services within the context of violence and war are the topic of this article. It investigates the role of different dimensions of such liturgies and their encouragement and legitimization, but also their delegitimization of war. The textual example, on which this article is based, is a small Catholic prayer book for soldiers from World War I. The thesis is that liturgy and forms of piety have a very formative character by means of their emotionality and associations, but also through corporeity, repetition, etc. Liturgy and piety can have a great but very different impact on the communication of war and violence. The article focuses on some of the central prayers and other texts from this prayer book as concrete examples for the article's argument.
Protestantism(s) and Mayan Worldviews in Chiapas and Guatemala in the Context of Civil Violence
Authors: Garrard-Burnett Virginia , Navarro Carlos Garma 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article discusses religious change among the Maya population in the violence-torn regions of highland Chiapas and Guatemala, and observes how this changes brings to bear on indigenous perceptions of ethnic and community identity. The focus is primarily upon Protestant conversion among the Maya, not only because it is dynamic, in that it is the movement which involves a large number of converts, but also because it also seems, at least superficially, to represent a massive cultural assault on the mundo maya. Yet the large number of Maya who have converted to Protestantism over the past three decades suggests that many Maya see conversion in a very different light. It is our contention that one of the reasons for this is that conversion to Protestantism (as well as to other types of “new” religions, such as charismatic Catholicism) is the latest manifestation of Maya strategies of adaptation and survival, particularly against a climate of civil violence, within a matrix of religious behavior.
De gildebrief van Rudolf II voor de schilders van Praag van 27 april I595 en zijn implicaties rondom het begrip kunst
Authors: Ernest-Martinec Blanka , Miedema Hessel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe privilege granted by Emperor Rudolf II to the painters' guild of Prague embodied not only a confirmation of the old privileges, but also comprised two passages seemingly elevating the status of the guild. First, the guild's coat of arms was to be embellished with precious stones in the crown and the female Moor crest figure replaced by Pallas Athena. And, second, it was stipulated that henceforth painting was to be referred to as an art rather than a craft. While the term 'artist' for painters and architects had been in use for some time, this emphatic formulation seemed to coincide with a tenacious pretension on the part of painters in general that painting ought to be ranked among the "liberal arts" (artes liberales). This conceit had potentially far-reaching consequences, namely that its practitioners would not be subject to guild regulations and thus exempt from membership. Although the new passage may have simply been meant to enhance the status of the guild members, it created unrest among the ranks. In particular the glaziers - with whom there had been friction previously - felt threatened by the new formulation, which might entail that the guild in the future would have to do without the substantial contributions from the painters. This concern engendered new disagreements, which eventually led to the suspension of the guild chairman Matyáš Hutsky who, however, was reinstated after a special agreement was reached between the painters and the glaziers. Those painters employed by the royal court continued to be excused from guild requirements, while membership remained mandatory for all other masters.
Franciscus Hamers, dozijnschilder in Antwerpen
Authors: De Kinkelder Marijke C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn I987 a painting with illegible signature was shown at the RKD. When in spring 2002 a painting with similar signature came alight at a Paris art-dealer, it proved possible to read the signature correctly and identify the artist as the Antwerp-based Franciscus Hamers, only known through his membership of the guild in I674. Several other paintings could be attributed to him either on stylistic grounds or by recognising the characteristic signature. The paintings presented here show that he proved to be what was known in the seventeenth century as 'dozijnschilder' (lit: dozen painter), assembling his works by imitating, borrowing and copying from examples by other artists, notably Haarlem painters such as Pieter van Laer, Philips Wouwerman and Nicolaes Pietersz. Berchem. This proved to be a typical feature of the artistic climate in the I670s in Antwerp when economic recession forced many artists to produce paintings and copies by the dozen for art-dealers such as Guillaume Forchondt and Bartholomeus Floquet who then exported these paintings to France, Austria, Spain and Portugal.