bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Efficacy of Selected Chemicals and Biopesticides against Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) on Brinjal (Solanum melongena) at Prayagraj
Authors: Mahala Abhishek , Yadav Usha 
Published: June 2024

A field experiment was carried out at the Central research farm of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, during the kharif 2023-24. The experiment was designed following a randomized block design with three replications. It encompassed eight treatments: T1 - Neem oil 3%@ 30ml/lit, T2 - Metarhizium anisopliae @ 2.5ml/lit,T3 - Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki @ 2gm/lit, T4 - Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/lit, T5 - Emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 gm/lit, T6 - Chlorpyrifos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/lit, T7 - Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.4ml/lit and T8 - untreated control. The objective was to assess the field efficacy of selected chemicals and biopesticides against Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) infestation on brinjal in Prayagraj. Two rounds of spraying was conducted at 15-days interval. Data on shoot and fruit infestation was recorded after each spraying and picking, including the percentage of shoot infestation. The results showed that the initial population of the pest before the spray exhibited a non-significant distribution. Following the spray, the findings demonstrated that T5 – Emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 gm/lit exhibited significant effectiveness against shoot and fruit borer, comparable to T7 – Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, at 3, 7, and 14 days post-spraying. Following closely in efficacy were Spinosad 45 SC and Chlorpyrifos 20 EC. The highest cost benefit ratio was recorded- T5-Emamectin benzoate, followed by T7-Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC. The highest cost-benefit ratio was recorded in T5– Emamectin benzoate @ 0.4gm/lit followed by T7- Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.4ml/lit and the lowest monetary return was observed with the control (T0).
Nano Biochar: Properties, Preparation, Key Features and its Impact on Soil and Crop Ecosystem
Authors: Sarma Hridesh Harsha , Borah Santanu Kaushik , Das Olympica , Sonowal Santosh , Talukdar Nilabh , Das Bikash Chandra 
Published: June 2024

Nano biochar, a carbon-rich material, is increasingly recognized for its pivotal role in sustainable agriculture and environmental management. It is produced through the pyrolysis of biomass under controlled conditions, converting organic matter into a stable form of carbon. This process effectively sequesters carbon and mitigates greenhouse gas emissions while yielding a valuable soil amendment. In agriculture, biochar offers multifaceted benefits. Its porous structure enhances soil fertility and water retention, fostering optimal conditions for plant growth. By serving as a reservoir for nutrients, biochar promotes their slow release, reducing the risk of leaching and nutrient runoff. Moreover, its neutral pH and high organic carbon content contribute to soil health and microbial activity. Some key features of nano biochar are enhancing surface area and porosity, improved soil fertility, nutrient retention and recycling, slow-release fertilizer, enhanced microbial population, carbon sequestration etc. Furthermore, biochar aids in waste management by utilizing agricultural residues as feedstock. However, despite its promising advantages, biochar application requires careful consideration. Variations in feedstock and production methods can influence its efficacy and environmental impact. Moreover, its long-term effects on soil health and crop productivity warrant further research and field trials. It presents a sustainable solution for enhancing agricultural productivity, mitigating climate change, and managing organic waste. However, its optimal utilization necessitates comprehensive understanding, integrated management practices, and ongoing scientific inquiry.
Chemical Analysis and Agricultural Utilizations of Dams Reservoir Sediments
Authors: Al-Balawna Zohuir A. , Abu-Abdoun Ideisan I. , Saleh Othman Y. , Khamis Ala Alden M. , Al-Talb Taleb M. 
Published: June 2024

Sediment samples were collected from King Talal Dam (KTD) and subjected to chemical, physical, and mineralogical study to test their suitability as soil replacement. The concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Cobalt (Co), and Zinc (Zn) was obtained by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the elements phosphorus (P) and boron (B) were determined by using the spectrophotometric technique.
These elements concentration was compared with the average concentration of soil in near by area of Jordan valley, It was found that the concentration of Cu and Zn, P, Fe, Mn, and K is within the standard range for soil fertility, and the concentration of Pb, Ni, As, Co, and Cd is within the standard range of agricultural human health safety regulation’s, the highest concentration on of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in sediment were found to be 1.48% and 15.0 ppm respectively. The lowest average concentration in KTD sediment was identified for cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) and was found to be <0.01 and <0.05 ppm respectively. The Laboratory tests carried out indicate that the water of King Talal Dam is free of heavy metals pollutants, and reservoir sediments can be used for soil replacement and amendment. It is highly recommended to keep the percentage of sediments of KTD to soil used in agriculture within the range of 25%-50%.
Comparison of alpha-2 agonist versus alpha-1 antagonist for post-traumatic stress disorder–associated nightmares in pediatric patients
Authors: Khalid Seher , Mitchell Sandra , Al-Mateen Cheryl 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents has a high prevalence of accompanying sleep disturbances. Currently, pediatric treatment of PTSD-related nightmares is extrapolated from adult studies. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety of clonidine and guanfacine compared with prazosin for the treatment of PTSD-related nightmares.

Methods
This was a retrospective, single-center, medical record review of patients 5 to 17 years old admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit from January 2015 to September 2021. Patients with a new initiation of an alpha-2 agonist (clonidine or guanfacine) or an alpha-1 antagonist (prazosin) with a diagnosis of PTSD, other trauma- or stressor-related disorder or unspecified anxiety disorder were included. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with a decrease in the frequency of nightmares.

Results
A total of 59 patients were included in the study: 37 in the alpha-2 agonist group and 22 in the alpha-1 antagonist group. There was no statistically significant difference in reduction of nightmares with both groups having a high percentage of patients showing response (alpha-2 agonist: 91.9%, alpha-1 antagonist: 86.4%). Time to decrease in nightmares was comparable between groups with a relatively quick onset. Within the alpha-2 agonist group, clonidine (1.59 ± 1.06 days) compared with guanfacine (3.18 ± 1.74 days) had a statistically significant faster time to reduction in nightmares (p = .005).

Discussion
Both pharmacologic classes of medications were effective treatment options for pediatric PTSD-associated nightmares with a low incidence of adverse effects. There was a quick time to onset seen with all agents.
Evaluation of major adverse events of clozapine based on accordance to an international titration guideline
Authors: Nuebel Matthew , Leung Jonathan G. , Hughes Christopher , McGrane Ian 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Clozapine is the only antipsychotic approved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but without appropriate monitoring, it can be associated with potentially fatal outcomes. An International Adult Clozapine Titration Guideline categorizes patients into normal or slow metabolizers. Categorization provides clozapine titration schedules and recommends regular c-reactive protein (CRP) and clozapine concentration monitoring to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The impact of the guideline on clozapine ADRs has not been evaluated.

Methods
A retrospective chart review assessed clozapine titrations, laboratory monitoring, ADRs, and discontinuations for clozapine-naive adult inpatients at a single center from January 1, 2013, to June 1, 2022. Each patient’s cumulative weekly clozapine dosage was compared with their guideline recommended dosage to create a percent accordance. Linear logistic regression evaluated the relationship between titration speed and the presence of an ADR, while descriptive statistics analyzed laboratory monitoring.

Results
Forty-three patients were included, with the majority being White males with schizophrenia. An inverse relationship existed between the last inpatient week clozapine dose percent accordance and the probability of an ADR. Nonobese patients were less likely than obese patients to experience an ADR (odds ratio = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.99). CRP and clozapine concentration monitoring was suboptimal.

Discussion
Based on our small retrospective review of primarily White males, more aggressive clozapine titrations did not increase ADRs. Future studies with more diverse samples are needed and should focus on specific ADRs, which may have increased occurrence with rapid titrations. Obese patients were at higher risk of ADRs, correlating with the guideline-recommended slower titrations for these patients.
Implementation and evaluation of interprofessional overdose review team recommendations following intentional or accidental overdose events
Authors: Barrett Monica , Kemerer Sarah , Colvard Michelle 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Drug overdose death rates in the United States remain high despite efforts to mitigate this risk. Many communities and hospitals across the country have implemented overdose review teams, including local overdose fatality review teams or postoverdose intervention programs, to address the opioid crisis. The goal of most of these teams is to identify missed opportunities or patient-specific interventions to prevent future opioid overdose fatalities. Few overdose review teams review a combination of both fatal and nonfatal overdose events. The Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System implemented a novel overdose review team (ORT) that collaboratively reviews all overdose incidents regardless of fatality, intent, or substance involved. This practice description characterizes reported facility overdose events and patient-specific risk-mitigation strategies recommended by the ORT, highlights the implementation rate and time to implementation of ORT recommendations, and discusses potential areas for process improvement. This practice highlights the potential impact of a pharmacist-led, interdisciplinary ORT following accidental or intentional overdose events involving any substance or medication. Key patient-specific interventions implemented following ORT recommendations included overdose prevention education and naloxone distribution, prescribing of medications for opioid use disorder and/or alcohol use disorder, reducing medication supply to limit lethal means access, and facilitation of mental health and/or substance use disorder specialty appointments. Further research to evaluate clinical outcomes related to specific ORT interventions should be considered.
Rural ambulatory care pharmacists providing in-clinic and home visit services improve adherence to long-acting injectable antipsychotics
Authors: Chang Heng “Helen” , Vaughn Laura Michelle , Liu Danica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia often experience symptoms such as poor insight and disorganized thought, which limit their ability to seek and receive care consistently. In rural settings, systemic factors, including limited resources and transportation, further contribute to difficulties in health care access. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) can improve medication adherence and reduce hospitalizations from relapse. Opportunities exist for pharmacists to provide individualized care and improved health care access. The pilot service took place in ambulatory care clinics and home care settings. Pharmacists performed weekly reviews of patients with active orders for LAIs, coordinated care with nonadherent patients, and offered follow-up appointments in the Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH). For patients unable to be reached, outreach pharmacists provided psychiatric assessment and LAI medication administration at home visits. There were 10 patients with LAI prescriptions in the past year selected for review. The period reviewed was 90 days before and after start of service. Pharmacist interventions resulted in 4 patients reestablished with care who were previously lost to follow-up. The percentage of days covered by LAI fills increased from an average 26% to 67% of days covered (P = .06). Total emergency room visits related to mental health episodes decreased from 11 to 2 visits (P = .03). Four patients who did not have metabolic lab monitoring in more than 1 year received lab monitoring as indicated. PCMH pharmacy services, including home visits by outreach pharmacists, may improve access and bridge care gaps for patients on LAIs by providing community-based services in addition to traditional clinic-based care.
Arbeitslohn: In dubio pro Doppelbesteuerung? Das überarbeitete BMF-Schreiben zum Arbeitslohn nach DBA
Authors: Goldstein Jens , Thoß André 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Das aktualisierte BMF-Schreiben zum Arbeitslohn nach den Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen (DBA) gibt der deutschen Finanzverwaltung den Umgang mit grenzüberschreitender Arbeitnehmertätigkeit vor. Neben Klarstellungen und Ergänzungen bringt das Schreiben vor allem zweierlei: es verursacht unnötig viel Bürokratie und erhöht sogar das Risiko für Doppelbesteuerungen.
Ersatz des Fahrzeugschadens bei Bestehen von Vorschäden
Authors: Nugel Michael 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Regulierung eines Fahrzeugschadens nach einem Verkehrsunfall ist zugunsten des Geschädigten nur der Ersatz eines neu durch den Unfall entstandenen Schadens vorzunehmen. Bestanden aber schon vor dem Unfallereignis weitere Schäden an dem Fahrzeug ist eine Abgrenzung zu ggf. noch vorhandenen unreparierten Altschäden vorzunehmen und genau zu prüfen, inwieweit diese Schäden repariert wurden und daher ein neuer Schaden eingetreten sein kann. Sodann kann sich die weitere Prüfung anschließen, welche Auswirkungen der Vorschaden auf den Wiederbeschaffungswert als Abrechnungsgrundlage hat. Das Vorhandensein von Vorschäden kann sich nicht nur auf die Höhe des zu beziffernden Anspruchs, sondern auch auf weitere Folgepositionen auswirken und ist daher von erheblicher Bedeutung bei der Regulierung von Verkehrsunfällen. Wegen der besonderen Relevanz dieser Fälle hat sich gerade erst auch der Arbeitskreis VI des 62. Verkehrsgerichtstages mit dieser Thematik beschäftigt und richtungsweisende Empfehlungen ausgesprochen.
Microindentation into an epoxy composition to assess the influence of aging on mechanical properties
Authors: Minster Jiří , Bláhová Olga , Hristova Julia , Lukeš Jaroslav , Němeček Jiří , Šperl Martin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis work aims to apply the microindentation technique for assessing the influence of two aging factors—long‐term weathering and long‐term laboratory aging—on the time‐dependent mechanical properties of an epoxy composition. The linear theory of viscoelasticity was taken as a background for the problem, and the time‐independent Poisson ratio value was assumed to simplify the assessment. Two nano/microindenters were used (Hysitron Triboscan and Nano XP Indenter) at two different laboratories. Four special time‐dependent loading histories were applied: indentation under a step load, indentation under a constant load rate, indentation with a fixed depth of penetration, and indentation under a constant rate of penetration. The short‐term histories of the viscoelastic compliance of a common epoxy composition, affected by 5‐year weathering or laboratory aging, measured using a microindentation technique were compared to the data derived from standard macro measurements. The findings suggest that a qualitative assessment of the influence of the investigated aging effects on mechanical properties can be handled using short‐term microindentation data, but the data has to be freed of possible attendant factors, especially of the influence of polishing procedures accompanying the microindentation techniques, before comparing it with standard measurement data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis of polypyrrole nanoparticles in natural rubber–polystyrene blend via emulsion polymerization
Authors: Ghalib Hassan , Abdullah Ibrahim , Daik Rusli 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNanoparticles of polypyrrole (PPy) in 40/60 wt % natural rubber (NR)–polystyrene (PS) blends were synthesized by emulsion polymerization using ferric sulfate [Fe2 (SO4)3], sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and n‐amyl alcohol as the oxidant, surfactant, and cosurfactant, respectively. The NR/PS/PPy blends were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FESEM micrographs showed that NR/PS/PPy blends were homogeneous, and PPy nanoparticles were well distributed throughout the binary matrix of NR/PS. The size of PPy particles in the blends was in the range of 26–80 nm. The electrical conductivities of the pellets prepared from NR/PS/PPy blends increased as the composition of PPy nanoparticles was increased, which were in the range of 8.9 × 10−8 – 2.89 × 10−4 S/cm. Thermal stability of the blends increased as the content of PPy was increased, as shown by TGA thermograms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Partial hydrogenation of benzene catalyzed by Pt/N‐n‐propyl chitosan hybrid membrane
Authors: Zhai Hao , Zhang Aiqing , Li Lin , Long Shuai 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe partial hydrogenation of benzene by a Pt nano‐cluster/N‐n‐propyl chitosan hybrid membrane was investigated in this article. Monodispersed Pt nano‐clusters were prepared by the reduction of H2PtCl6 with ethylene glycol under microwave conditions. TEM, FTIR, XRD, 1H‐NMR, and XPS were used to characterize the structure of Pt nano‐particles, N‐n‐propyl chitosan and Pt/N‐n‐propyl chitosan hybrid membrane, respectively. Experimental results showed that Pt/N‐n‐propyl chitosan hybrid membrane catalyst gave a high selectivity for cyclohexene of 85.2% in the liquid phase hydrogenation of benzene, while the selectivity of cyclohexene was only 58.2% over the Pt/chitosan hybrid membrane catalyst. It was worth noting that there was no cyclohexene in the product when the catalyst was only Pt nano‐particles without chitosan hybrid membrane. So the chitosan or modified‐chitosan membranes played an important role in the controlling to the hydrogenation of benzene, and the relationship of the swelling degree and the catalytic activity was discussed in detail. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Spectroscopic investigations to reveal the nature of interactions between the haem protein myoglobin and the dye rhodamine 6G
Authors: Mandal Paulami , Bardhan Munmun , Ganguly Tapan 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn the present investigation, steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence with the combination of circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques were applied to study the interactions of the well‐known dye rhodamine 6 G (R6G) with the haem protein human myoglobin (Mb). From the analysis of the results it appears that the static type of fluorescence quenching mechanism is primarily involved, due to ground‐state interactions. Although considerable overlapping of fluorescence emission of the dye R6G with the absorption of Mb in the Q‐band region exists, the possibility of occurrences of the excitational singlet–singlet non‐radiative energy transfer process from R6G to Mb appears to be unlikely, according to time‐resolved fluorescence measurements. From the determinations of the thermodynamic parameters, it was apparent that the combined effect of van der Waals' interactions and hydrogen bonding plays a vital role in Mb–R6G interactions. Induced circular dichroism (ICD) studies demonstrate the possibility of interactions between R6G and Mb. The binding constants, number of binding sites and thermodynamic parameters have been computed. From CD measurements it is apparent that the binding of the dye R6G with the haem protein Mb induces negligible conformational changes in the protein and Mb retains its secondary structure and helicity when it interacts with R6G. The present detailed studies on the interactions with Mb should be helpful in further advancement of medical diagnostics and biotechnology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved enzyme production by bio‐pellets of Aspergillus niger: Targeted morphology engineering using titanate microparticles
Authors: Driouch Habib , Hänsch Robert , Wucherpfennig Thomas , Krull Rainer , Wittmann Christoph 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe present study describes the design of bio‐pellet morphologies of the industrial working horse Aspergillus niger strains in submerged culture. The novel approach recruits the intended addition of titanate microparticles (TiSiO4, 8 µm) to the growth medium. As tested for two recombinant strains producing fructofuranosidase and glucoamylase, the enzyme titer by the titanate‐enhanced cultures in shake flasks was increased 3.7‐fold to 150 U/mL (for fructofuranosidase) and 9.5‐fold to 190 U/mL (for glucoamylase) as compared to the control. This could be successfully utilized for improved enzyme production in stirred tank reactors. Stimulated by the particles, the achieved final glucoamylase activity of 1,080 U/mL (fed‐batch) and 320 U/mL (batch) was sevenfold higher as compared to the conventional processes. The major reason for the enhanced production was the close association between the titanate particles and the fungal cells. Already below 2.5 g/L the micromaterial was found inside the pellets, including single particles embedded as 50–150 µm particle aggregates in the center resulting in core shell pellets. With increasing titanate levels the pellet size decreased from 1,700 µm (control) to 300 µm. Fluorescence based resolution of GFP expression revealed that the large pellets of the control were only active in a 200 µm surface layer. This matches with the critical penetration depth for nutrients and oxygen typically observed for fungal pellets. The biomass within the titanate derived fungal pellets, however, was completely active. This was due a reduced thickness of the biomass layer via smaller pellets as well as the core shell structure. Moreover, also the created loose inner pellet structure enabled a higher mass transfer and penetration depths for up to 500 µm. The creation of core‐shell pellets has not been achieved previously by the addition of microparticles, for example, made of talc or alumina. Due to this, the present work opens further possibilities to use microparticles for tailor‐made morphology design of filamentous fungi, especially for pellet based processes which have a long and strong industrial relevance for industrial production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:462–471. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.