bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helminths and dendritic cells: Sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses
Authors: Everts Bart , Smits Hermelijn H. , Hokke Cornelis H. , Yazdanbakhsh Maria 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe classical reaction of the host to helminth infections is the induction of Th2 immune responses with a regulatory component. DC, as central players in the induction and maintenance of immune responses, play a prominent role in both these processes, and in recent years considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind the interplay between DC and helminths. It is becoming increasingly clear that helminths modulate DC function not only via direct interactions but also indirectly via host‐derived cues. Furthermore, while studies have until recently focused on receptor signaling‐mediated DC modulation by helminths, evidence is emerging that DC may also respond to helminth infections by sensing stress signals or tissue damage inflicted by the worms or their products. Here, we will discuss these new insights and will link them to the origin and importance of Th2 and regulatory immune responses with respect to the survival of both parasite and host.
Production and applications of trehalose lipid biosurfactants
Authors: Franzetti Andrea , Gandolfi Isabella , Bestetti Giuseppina , Smyth Thomas J. P. , Banat Ibrahim M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDifferent types of trehalose containing glycolipids are known to be produced by several microorganisms belonging to the mycolates group, such as Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Arthrobacter, Nocardia and Gordonia. Different structures have been elucidated particularly in Rhodococcus genus. Trehalolipids have gained increased interest for their potential applications in a number of fields due to their ability to lower interfacial tension and increase pseudosolubility of hydrophobic compounds. The most widespread application is in bioremediation technologies as such compounds are known to enhance bioavailability of hydrocarbons. In comparison to other microbial glycolipids, trehalolipids have generally showed contrasting results and achievements with both cases of inhibition and enhancement of biodegradation rates. One of the important challenges regarding potential use of trehalose lipids in a variety of applications is the optimisation of their production and downstream processing. In fact, the purification of the target biological compounds by downstream processing can account for over half the production cost in many biotechnology applications. This is especially true in the case of the Rhodococcal glycolipids, which are often bound to cellular envelopes and are usually produced along with other surface active lipids. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of trehalolipid biosurfactant applications and the latest successful strategies employed to reduce the cost of their production.
Peanut oil: Compositional data
Authors: Carrín María E. , Carelli Amalia A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe major fatty acids of peanut oil acylglycerols are palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2) acids, and only a trace amount of linolenic fatty acid (C18:3) is present. Thus they have a very convenient oxidative stability and have been considered premium cooking and frying oils. This paper provides information about compositional data of peanut oil taking into account major (triacylglycerols and their fatty acids) and minor (free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, phospholipids, sterols, tocopherols, tocotrienols, triterpenic and aliphatic alcohols, waxes, pigments, phenolic compounds, volatiles, and metals) compounds. Moreover, the influence of genotype, seed maturity, climatic conditions, and growth location on peanut oil chemical composition is considered in the present report. In addition, peanut oils from wild species found in South America as well as from peanut lines developed through conventional breeding are also compared.
Supplementation of tocotrienol‐rich fraction increases interferon‐gamma production in ovalbumin‐immunized mice
Authors: Nesaretnam Kalanithi , Mahalingam Dashayini , Radhakrishnan Ammu Kutty , Premier Robert 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPalm oil is a rich source of vitamin E. The tocotrienol‐rich fraction (TRF) extracted from palm oil contain 70% tocotrienols and 30% tocopherols. The effect of TRF supplementation on the immune modulation was evaluated in 6‐wk‐old female BALB/c mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) adjuvanted with alum. Mice in control and experimental groups were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) on days 14 and 28 with a single dose of 50 µg OVA. The mice in the experimental group were orally gavaged daily with 1 mg of TRF from palm oil while those in the control group received carrier oil. The results show that mice in the experimental group produced significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) compared to the control group. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the levels of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) produced between the control and experimental animals. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogen or OVA stimulation was significantly (p<0.05) higher in splenocytes derived from the TRF supplemented mice compared to control mice. These findings show that daily supplementation of palm TRF can induce a strong cell‐mediated immune response, i.e., T‐helper‐1 (Th1) response, which would be beneficial to fight viral infections and cancer.
Yarrowia lipolytica: A model microorganism used for the production of tailor‐made lipids
Authors: Papanikolaou Seraphim , Aggelis George 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a review of studies related with the production of specialty lipids by the yeastYarrowia lipolyticaduring growth on various fatty agro‐industrial residues utilized as substrates. In a first approach, the potential for growth on stearin (a low‐cost industrial derivative of tallow composed of saturated free fatty acids) was assessed; significant biomass production was obtained, accompanied by notable intracellular accumulation of lipid which occurred as a primary anabolic activity regardless of the extracellular nitrogen availability in the medium.Y. lipolyticaconsumed its own storage lipids in the stationary growth phase. The secretion of extracellular lipase in non‐negligible quantities was also observed in cultures performed on stearin. AlthoughY. lipolyticatended to increase the intracellular level of stearic acid, its reserve lipid could be used as a cocoa butter substitute, provided that an oleic acid donor, such as chemically hydrolyzed rapeseed oil, is used as co‐substrate together with stearin. Accordingly, predetermined lipids with composition similarities to cocoa butter were synthesized using low‐cost substrates. Other strategies related with the production of microbial cocoa butter substitutes are also presented and comprehensively discussed.
Association of Apo E gene polymorphism with HDL level in Tehranian population
Authors: Daneshpour Maryam S. , Hedayati Mehdi , Eshraghi Parisa , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, especially low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), is very high in Iran. The associations of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism with lipid profile, especially high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, were examined in Iranian population. A cross‐sectional study of 1030 subjects (452 men and 578 women) from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) was performed. Serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol, FBS, HDL‐C levels and its subfractions, Apo B and Apo A1 were determined and body mass index and blood pressure were measured. A segment of the mentioned gene was amplified by PCR and the polymorphisms were revealed by RFLP using HhaI restriction enzyme. Allele frequencies obtained for APOE*2, APOE*3, and APOE*4 were 5.77, 85.92, and 8.3%, respectively. The presence of the ε2 allele was significantly associated with increased serum HDL‐C levels and its subfractions both in men and women except HDL3 in men. The LDL/HDL ratio was significantly lower in female. The relations were significant even after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI but hypertension, smoking, and diabetes status decreased the effect of Apo E2 on HDL‐C and HDL subfractions. The observed genotype and allele frequencies were similar to those reported for other Caucasians samples. Apo E2 increased the level of HDL‐C, HDL subfractions, and decreased the LDL/HDL ratio. These findings highlight the important effect of variation in this gene on lipid levels.
Composition and physical properties of arugula, shepherd's purse, and upland cress oils
Authors: Moser Bryan R. , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Shah Shailesh N. , Vaughn Steven F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe fatty acid, tocopherol, and phytosterol profiles of arugula (AO; Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.), upland cress (UCO; Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.), and shepherd's purse (SPO; Capsella bursa‐pastoris (L.) Medik.) oils are reported, along with their physical properties. The tocopherol content of SPO (770 mg/kg) was higher than detected in AO (656 mg/kg) and UCO (430 mg/kg). UCO contained a higher concentration of phytosterols (8.47 mg/g) than SPO (7.19 mg/g) and AO (6.60 mg/g). The oil contents of AO, SPO, and UCO were 27.0, 26.6, and 24.2 wt%. The acid values of AO (0.54 mg KOH/g) and UCO (0.32 mg KOH/g) were lower than obtained for SPO (3.19 mg KOH/g). The principle fatty acid in AO and UCO was erucic acid (41.7 and 36.8 wt%), whereas SPO contained primarily linolenic (32.4 wt%) and linoleic (20.5 wt%) acids. AO and UCO were more stable to oxidation than SPO, as indicated by induction periods (110°C; EN 14 112) of 16.5, 7.9, and 2.2 h. SPO exhibited lower kinematic viscosity and higher viscosity index values than AO and UCO. UCO displayed the lowest pour point (−29°C), followed by AO (−22°C) and SPO (−14°C).
Healthier lipid combination oil‐in‐water emulsions prepared with various protein systems: an approach for development of functional meat products
Authors: Delgado‐Pando Gonzalo , Cofrades Susana , Ruiz‐Capillas Claudia , Teresa Solas María , Jiménez‐Colmenero Francisco 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFive protein‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions were prepared using sodium caseinate (O/SC), soy protein isolate (O/SPI), sodium caseinate and microbial transglutaminase (O/SC + MTG), sodium caseinate, microbial transglutaminase and meat slurry (O/SC + MTG + MS) and SPI, sodium caseinate and microbial transglutaminase (O/IPS + SC + MTG); their composition (proximate analysis and fatty acid profile) and physicochemical characteristics were examined. The lipid phase was a combination of healthy fatty acids from olive, linseed and fish oils, containing low proportions (15%) of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and high proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, 47%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 36%), with a PUFA/SFA ratio >2, and a n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio of 0.4. All the oil‐in‐water emulsions showed high thermal and creamy stability. Results of penetration test and dynamic rheological properties showed la existencia de different types of oil‐in‐water emulsion structures according to stabilizing system of emulsion. Those structures ranged from concentrate solution‐like (stabilized only with SC) (gel strength 0.06 mJ) to gel‐like (samples containing MTG) behaviours (gel strength ranged between 3.4 and 6.2 mJ). Morphological differences in the organization of the network structure were observed (by scanning electron microscopy) as functions of the protein system used to stabilize the oil‐in‐water emulsions.
Improvement of mono and diacylglycerol production via enzymatic glycerolysis in tert‐butanol system
Authors: Krüger Roberta L. , Valério Alexsandra , Balen Manuela , Ninow Jorge Luiz , Vladimir Oliveira J. , de Oliveira Débora , Corazza Marcos Lúcio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this work we report experimental data regarding the glycerolysis of olive oil using Novozym 435 in tert‐butanol organic system aiming at the production of monoacylglycerols (MAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG). Experiments were performed in batch mode, recording the reaction kinetics and evaluating the effects of temperature, enzyme concentration, tert‐butanol:oil/glycerol volume ratio and using solvent to substrates ratio of 1:1 and 5:1 v/v. Experimental results showed that lipase‐catalyzed glycerolysis in tert‐butanol might be a potential route for the production of high contents of MAG and DAG. The results also showed that it is possible to maximize the production of MAG and/or DAG, depending on the glycerol to oil molar ratio employed in the reactional system. Higher contents of MAG (53 wt%) and DAG (50 wt%) were achieved using glycerol to oil molar ratio of 3:1/6:1 and 0.5:1.5, respectively, both in 8 h of reaction at 70°C, 600 rpm and enzyme concentration of 10 wt%.
Improvement of fuel properties of cottonseed oil methyl esters with commercial additives
Authors: Joshi Hem , Moser Bryan R. , Shah Shailesh N. , Mandalika Anurag , Walker Terry 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe low temperature operability and oxidative stability of cottonseed oil methyl esters (CSME) were improved with four anti‐gel additives as well as one antioxidant additive, gossypol. Low temperature operability and oxidative stability of CSME was determined by cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and oxidative stability index (OSI). The most significant reductions in CP, PP, and CFPP in all cases were obtained with Technol®, with the average reduction in temperature found to be 3.9 °C. Gunk®, Heet®, and Howe's® were progressively less effective, as indicated by average reductions in temperature of 3.4, 3.0, and 2.8 °C, respectively. In all cases, the magnitude of CFPP reduction was greater than for PP and especially CP. Addition of gossypol, a polyphenolic aldehyde, resulted in linear improvement in OSI (R2 = 0.9804). The OSI of CSME increased from 5.0 to 8.3 h with gossypol at a concentration of 1000 ppm.
Rhamnolipid production by Burkholderia plantarii DSM 9509T
Authors: Hörmann Barbara , Müller Markus M. , Syldatk Christoph , Hausmann Rudolf 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Burkholderia plantarii type strain DSM 9509T was shown to produce extracellular rhamnolipids that clearly differ in structure and properties from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipids. The type strain has not been previously described as rhamnolipid producer. B. plantarii DSM 9509T was cultivated in a parallel bioreactor system and produced up to 45.74 mg/L of rhamnolipids when grown in glucose supplemented rich medium. The structure of the main rhamnolipid Rha2‐C14‐C14 (L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐β‐hydroxytetradecanoyl‐β‐hydroxytetradecanoate) was verified by MS/MS. The purified rhamnolipid Rha2‐C14‐C14 lowered the equilibrium surface tension of distilled water to 29.4 mN/m. The CMC was between 15 and 20 mg/L. In this study, growth and product formation were investigated under biotechnological aspects.Practical applications: B. plantarii DSM 9509T produces a rhamnolipid that differs in structure from P. aeruginosa rhamnolipids and exhibits excellent surfactant properties. An essential advantage in comparison to P. aeruginosa is that B. plantarii DSM 9509T is a Biosafety Level 1 microorganism and not pathogenic in humans. A biotechnological production of the Burkholderia rhamnolipids could lead to their application in detergents, pharmaceuticals, and other industries providing new products on the biosurfactant market.
Disposable Graphite Foil Based Electrodes and Their Application in Pharmaceutical Analysis
Authors: Oliveira André G. , Munoz Rodrigo Alejandro A. , Angnes Lúcio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper explores a new source of graphite for working electrodes, which presents advantages such as low electrical resistance, good flexibility, favorable mechanical performance, versatility to design electrodes in almost any size and very low cost. The new electrodes were investigated in batch electrochemical cells as associated with flow injection analysis systems. Cyclic voltammetry, stripping voltammetry, and amperometry associated with flow injection analysis techniques were applied for the determination of ascorbic acid, zinc and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations, respectively. Well‐established analytical methods were applied for comparison purposes. The results herein demonstrate the potential of graphite foils as working electrodes in different electroanalytical methods, offering the possibility of producing disposable sensors for routine applications.
New Determination Scheme of p‐Aminophenol by MnO2 Modified Electrode Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis
Authors: Lin Meng‐Shan , Jan Bor‐Iuan , Chen Pei‐Yen , Cheng Wen‐Chuan , Chen Chi‐Hao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNew determination scheme of p‐aminophenol by using MnO2 as a preoxidant is demonstrated in this work. In the flow injection system, the p‐aminophenol is oxidized to quinoneimine by MnO2 at up‐stream, which can be detected at a suitable reductive potential. After optimization, the linear range of PAP is started from 1 μM to 30 μM (R2=0.999), the estimated detection limit (S/N=3) is 0.28 μM. Two real samples are studied and excellent recoveries are achieved by using standard addition method.
Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry of Nickel at an In Situ Plated Bismuth Film Electrode
Authors: Korolczuk Mieczyslaw , Rutyna Iwona , Tyszczuk Katarzyna 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFor the first time an in situ plated bismuth film electrode is applied to adsorptive stripping voltammetry at mild alkaline conditions, to pH of 10. As an example of the application of such an electrode a procedure for trace Ni(II) determination by adsorptive stripping voltammetry is elaborated. For stabilization of Bi(III), tartrate as a strong complexing agent for Bi(III) was added to an ammonia buffer used as a supporting electrolyte. The appropriate concentration of Bi(III) was added to the electrolyte in the form of its complex with tartrate. The calibration graph for Ni(II) for an accumulation time of 120 s is linear from 5×10−9 to 5×10−8 mol L−1. The proposed procedure was applied for Ni(II) determination in certified water reference material.
Voltammetric Study of Aminopurines on Pencil Graphite Electrode in the Presence of Copper Ions
Authors: Aladag Nilay , Trnkova Libuse , Kourilova Alena , Ozsoz Mehmet , Jelen Frantisek 
Published: April 2010

AbstractElectrochemical oxidations of aminopurines (adenine, 2‐aminopurine, 2,6‐diaminopurine) and their complexes with Cu(I) on a pencil graphite electrode were investigated by means of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS). The anodic process of the Cu(I)‐aminopurine complex, corresponding to the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II), takes place in the potential range between 0.4 and 0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl). At more positive potentials the aminopurines provide voltammetric peaks resulting from the oxidation of the purine ring. The stability of the accumulated complex layer was investigated by the adsorptive transfer stripping technique.
Ecogeomorphic state variables and phase‐space construction for quantifying the evolution of vegetated aeolian landscapes
Authors: Baas Andreas C. W. , Nield Joanna M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCellular automaton modelling for the simulation of dune field formation and evolution has developed progressively in aeolian geomorphology in the last decade or so. A model that incorporates the effects of vegetation and its interactions with geomorphic landscape development – the Discrete Ecogeomorphic Aeolian Landscapes (DECAL) model – can replicate a number of important visual and qualitative aspects of the complex evolution of aeolian dune landscapes under the influence of vegetation dynamics in coastal environments. A key challenge in this research area is the analysis and comparison of both simulated and real‐world vegetated dune landscapes using objective and quantifiable principles. This study presents a methodological framework or protocol for numerically quantifying various ecogeomorphic attributes, using a suite of mathematically defined landscape metrics, to provide a rigorous and statistical evaluation of vegetated dune field evolution. Within this framework the model parameter space can be systematically explored and simulation outcomes can be methodically compared against real‐world landscapes. Based on a simplified scenario of parabolic dunes developing out of blow‐outs the resulting dune field realizations are investigated as a function of variable growth vigour of two simulated vegetation types (pioneer grass and successional woody shrub) by establishing a typological phase‐diagram of different landscape classes. The set of simulation outcomes furthermore defines a higher‐dimensional phase‐space, whose axes or dimensions can be interpreted by analysing how individual ecogeomorphic landscape metrics, or state variables, contribute to the data distribution. Principal component analysis can reduce this to a visual three‐dimensional (3D) phase‐space where landscape evolution can be plotted as time‐trajectories and where we can investigate the effects of changing environmental conditions partway through a simulation scenario. The use of landscape state variables and the construction of a 3D phase‐space presented here may provide a general template for quantifying many other eco‐geomorphic systems on the Earth's surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of Late Cretaceous fossil birds from Hungary
Authors: Dyke Gareth J. , Ősi Attila 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe review the previously described Late Cretaceous (Santonian) bird remains from the Csehbánya Formation in the Bakony Mountains of Hungary, augmenting initial work by Ősi (2008), and add a number of newly collected fossils. All together, the eight fossil specimens so far collected from this site are important to our understanding of avian evolution because they document a large range of taxon body sizes from at least one major lineage (Enantiornithes) and come from a critically undersampled time period in the Cretaceous. Globally, very little fossil bird material has been collected from the middle stages of the Late Cretaceous, the Coniacian and Santonian; most known taxa are either Early Cretaceous (ca. 120 Ma) in age or are from the terminal Campanian and Maastrichtian (ca. 70–65 Ma). Indeed, one of the Csehbánya Formation fossil birds is recognized as a new taxon of large enantiornithine, an avisaurid apparently similar in its largely unfused foot morphology to the Argentine Soroavisaurus and to the North American Avisaurus. The Central European records reviewed in this paper highlight the wide distribution of some Late Cretaceous fossil birds, particularly avisaurid enantiornithines, and lead us to a brief discussion of avian biogeography at the end of the Mesozoic. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.