bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric chronic daily headache associated with school phobia
Authors: Fujita Mitsue , Fujiwara Junko , Maki Takako , Shibasaki Kayoko , Shigeta Midori , Nii Junko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:  Children and adolescents with school phobia sometimes complain of severe and persistent headaches that are diagnosed as chronic daily headache (CDH).Methods:  We investigated 24 children with CDH and school phobia, and 26 children with CDH but without school phobia.Results:  Of 24 children with CDH and school phobia, 4% had chronic migraine (CM), 46% had chronic tension‐type headache (CTTH) and 50% had both CTTH and migraine. However, of 26 children with CDH but without school phobia, 61% had CM, 24% had CTTH, 11% had CTTH and migraine, and 4% had new daily‐persistent headache. There was a significantly higher rate of CTTH and both CTTH and migraine in children with CDH and school phobia than that in children with CDH but without school phobia (P < 0.0001). All of the 24 children with CDH and school phobia were found to have psychiatric disorders. Of 24 children, 71% were found to have adjustment disorders, 21% were found to have anxiety disorders, and 8% were found to have conversion disorder. Of 26 children with CDH but without school phobia, only 20% were found to have psychiatric disorders. There was a significantly higher rate of psychiatric disorders in children with CDH and school phobia than in children with CDH but without school phobia (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:  Our study indicated that children with CDH and school phobia had problems in school and/or family and psychiatric disorders. They should be diagnosed and treated attentively not only for headaches but also for their psychosocial problems and psychiatric disorders.
Mean platelet volume in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Canpolat Fuat Emre , Yurdakök Murat , Armangil Didem , Yiğit Şule 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the differences in mean platelet volume (MPV) between neonates with and without neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Eighty‐three premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were included in the study. Forty‐four of these infants were diagnosed as having RDS and the other 39 infants were non‐RDS patients. Infants born to mothers with pre‐eclampsia, or a drug history that had negative effects on platelet count, perinatal hypoxia, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis were excluded. Blood collection was done on the first and third days of life. There were no demographic, gestational or platelet count differences between groups, but MPV was higher in RDS patients and this difference was statistically significant (P= 0.011). High platelet volumes in RDS patients is probably related to young platelet production and may be a result of increased platelet consumption in pulmonary damage due to RDS.
Influence of smoking on human milk tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 levels at postpartum seventh day
Authors: Ermis Bahri , Yildirim Abdulkadir , Tastekin Ayhan , Ors Rahmi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on human milk interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 levels at the postpartum seventh day.Methods:  Forty‐four mothers (age range: 21–34 years) were enrolled in the study. Mothers were interviewed and classified according to their smoking status into one of two groups: the smoking mothers (n= 21) and the nonsmoking mothers (n= 23).Results:  There were no significant differences between study groups with respect to human milk interleukin‐1β (P= 0.12) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 levels (P= 0.83). However, TNF‐α levels were found to be significantly lower in the smoking mothers compared with the controls (P= 0.002).Conclusion:  This study shows that maternal smoking during pregnancy affects the levels of TNF‐α in milk. The protective effect of human milk against infections seems to be impaired in smoking mothers.
Turnover of quorum sensing signal molecules modulates cross‐kingdom signalling
Authors: Tait Karen , Williamson Holly , Atkinson Steve , Williams Paul , Cámara Miguel , Joint Ian 
Published: March 2009

Summary N‐acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) quorum‐sensing molecules modulate the swimming behaviour of zoospores of the macroalga Ulva to facilitate the location of bacterial biofilms. Here we show that the intertidal surfaces colonized by Ulva are dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, particularly the Rhodobacteraceae family, and the Bacteroidetes family Flavobacteriaceae, and that this diverse assemblage both produces and degrades AHLs. N‐acylhomoserine lactones could also be extracted from the surfaces of pebbles recovered from intertidal rock‐pools. Bacteria representative of this assemblage were isolated and tested for the production and degradation of AHLs, and for their ability to modulate zoospore settlement at different biofilm densities. Of particular interest was a Shewanella sp. This strain produced three major AHLs (OC4, OC10 and OC12) in the late exponential phase, but the longer‐chain AHLs were rapidly degraded in the stationary phase. Degradation occurred via both lactonase and amidase activity. A close relationship was found between AHL synthesis and Ulva zoospore settlement. The Shewanella isolate also interfered with AHL production by a Sulfitobacter isolate and its ability to enhance zoospore settlement in a polymicrobial biofilm. This influence on the attachment of Ulva zoospores suggests that AHL‐degrading strains can affect bacterial community behaviour by interfering with quorum sensing between neighbouring bacteria. More importantly, these interactions may exert wider ecological effects across different kingdoms.
HOW WELL HAS THE NEW DEAL FOR YOUNG PEOPLE WORKED IN THE UK REGIONS?
Authors: McVicar Duncan , Podivinsky Jan M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe UK New Deal for Young People (NDYP) is a mandatory active labour market programme aimed at helping unemployed young people into jobs. This paper examines how the programme affected hazard rates for unemployment exits across the UK regions in its first few years. The regional focus is motivated by the belief that differences between regional labour markets, between claimants, and differences in implementation may have led to differences in programme outcomes. The paper shows that NDYP increased outflows from unemployment in all regions but that its impact was larger in some regions than in others. The paper also shows differential NDYP impacts across the regions on destination‐specific hazard rates from unemployment to employment, to education/training, to inactivity and to ‘other’. Possible explanations for these results are then discussed.
Autobiographical memory functioning among abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated children: the overgeneral memory effect
Authors: Valentino Kristin , Toth Sheree L. , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: March 2009

Background:  This investigation addresses whether there are differences in the form and content of autobiographical memory recall as a function of maltreatment, and examines the roles of self‐system functioning and psychopathology in autobiographical memory processes.Methods:  Autobiographical memory for positive and negative nontraumatic events was evaluated among abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated school‐aged children.Results:  Abused children’s memories were more overgeneral and contained more negative self‐representations than did those of the nonmaltreated children. Negative self‐representations and depression were significantly related to overgeneral memory, but did not mediate the relation between abuse and overgeneral memory.Conclusions:  The meaning of these findings for models of memory and for the development of overgenerality is emphasized. Moreover, the clinical implications of the current research are discussed.
Sensory and motor deficits in children with cerebral palsy born preterm correlate with diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in thalamocortical pathways
Authors: HOON JR ALEXANDER H , STASHINKO ELAINE E , NAGAE LIDIA M , LIN DORIS DM , KELLER JENNIFER , BASTIAN AMY , CAMPBELL MICHELLE L , LEVEY ERIC , MORI SUSUMU , JOHNSTON MICHAEL V 
Published: March 2009

Aim  Cerebral palsy (CP) is frequently linked to white matter injury in children born preterm. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a powerful technique providing precise identification of white matter microstructure. We investigated the relationship between DTI‐observed thalamocortical (posterior thalamic radiation) injury, motor (corticospinal tract) injury, and sensorimotor function.Method  Twenty‐eight children born preterm (16 males, 12 females; mean age 5y 10mo, SD 2y 6mo, range 16mo–13y; mean gestational age at birth 28wks, SD 2.7wks, range 23–34wks) were included in this case–control study. Twenty‐one children had spastic diplegia, four had spastic quadriplegia, two had hemiplegia, and one had ataxic/hypotonic CP; 15 of the participants walked independently. Normative comparison data were obtained from 35 healthy age‐matched children born at term (19 males, 16 females; mean age 5y 9mo, SD 4y 4mo, range 15mo–15y). Two‐dimensional DTI color maps were created to evaluate 26 central white matter tracts, which were graded by a neuroradiologist masked to clinical status. Quantitative measures of touch, proprioception, strength (dynamometer), and spasticity (modified Ashworth scale) were obtained from a subset of participants.Results  All 28 participants with CP had periventricular white‐matter injury on magnetic resonance imaging. Using DTI color maps, there was more severe injury in the posterior thalamic radiation pathways than in the descending corticospinal tracts. Posterior thalamic radiation injury correlated with reduced contralateral touch threshold, proprioception, and motor severity, whereas corticospinal tract injury did not correlate with motor or sensory outcome measures.Interpretation  These findings extend previous research demonstrating that CP in preterm children reflects disruption of thalamocortical connections as well as descending corticospinal pathways.
The co‐occurrence of autism and birth defects: prevalence and risk in a population‐based cohort
Authors: SCHENDEL DIANA E , AUTRY ANDREW , WINES ROBERTA , MOORE CYNTHIA 
Published: March 2009

Aim To estimate the prevalence of major birth defects among children with autism, the prevalence of autism in children with birth defects, and the risk for autism associated with having birth defects.Method Retrospective cohort including all children born in Atlanta, GA, USA, 1986 to 1993, who survived to age 3 years and were identified through Georgia vital records. Children with autism and other developmental disabilities residing in Atlanta at ages 3 to 10 years in 1996 were identified through the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program. Children with major birth defects through age 6 years were identified by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program.Results Birth defects were found among 6% of children with autism (totaln=617; 488 males, 129 females) and was associated with a near twofold increased risk for autism overall. However, the risk magnitude and statistical significance varied by type of birth defect. With any type of birth defect, the risk for autism accompanied by intellectual disability or other developmental disabilities was typically higher than the risk for autism alone. A 6:1 to 8:1 male bias was observed among children with autism and a birth defect.Interpretation Investigation of the association between autism and birth defects is warranted, especially for the role of birth defects in autism among sex‐specific or autism subgroups.
Determinants of retirement planning behaviour and differences by age
Authors: Hira Tahira K. , Rock Whitney L. , Loibl Caezilia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an investigation into the determinants of retirement planning behaviour and differences among three age groups: 21‐ to 39‐year‐olds, 40‐ to 59‐year‐olds and those aged 60 years and older. A national survey of 911 individuals from households with incomes of $75 000 or greater was conducted in the US. The significance of socio‐demographic variables, the ability to recover from loss, behavioural tendencies and perceived or actual personal control were investigated; together with their role in the prediction of maximization of retirement contributions and ownership in the personal individual retirement account (IRA) or Keogh accounts. The results identified several significant variables in the prediction of ownership in a personal IRA or Keogh, including age, sources of financial information, being an early investor and investor activity. The results also identified several significant variables in the prediction of the maximization of retirement contributions, including employment, income, savings activity, ex ante research, review of investment performance, early investor, investor activity, such as planning for financial future, setting up automatic deposits and reviewing financial information in the mail.
Sex differences in jealousy: Misinterpretation of nonsignificant results as refuting the theory
Authors: EDLUND JOHN E. , SAGARIN BRAD J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStudies examining sex differences in jealousy using continuous measures have produced inconsistent findings. To  explain these inconsistencies, this study critically evaluates the criterion used to test the sex difference in jealousy, demonstrating that the Participant Sex × Infidelity Type interaction is the only relevant effect. Then, using a U.S.‐based sample, the sex difference is investigated using 14 continuous‐measure response formats, revealing a highly significant overall sex difference (p < .001, g= .300), despite the sex difference being nonsignificant for 9 of 14 individual formats. Results highlight the danger of falling prey to the belief in the law of small numbers, manifest in this debate as the erroneous interpretation of individual nonsignificant results as refuting the theory.
A population‐based study on the association between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease in 12,123 middle‐aged Taiwanese (KCIS No. 21)
Authors: Wang Ting‐Ting , Chen Tony Hsiu‐Hsi , Wang Po‐En , Lai Hongmin , Lo Ming‐Te , Chen Pearl Yi‐Chun , Chiu Sherry Yueh‐Hsia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAim: We investigated the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontal disease (PD) in the context of the current periodontal aetiology model.Material and Methods: In total, 14,747 community residents aged 35–44 years were invited to a community‐based PD survey between 2003 and 2006 using the community periodontal index. Significant factors modifying the association between T2DM and PD were ascertained. We further assessed the association between T2DM and the risk for PD, within strata of significant effect modifiers, after controlling for other putative factors.Results: The prevalence rate was 10% higher in subjects with T2DM than in those without. After controlling for significant factors, T2DM was positively associated with the risk for PD (adjusted odds ratio=1.34,95% confidence interval: 1.07–1.74). The results of interaction assessment showed that only the waist was identified as a statistically significant effect modifier for such a positive association.Conclusions: The association between T2DM and the risk for PD among young adult was demonstrated. This finding, together with other aetiological factors, fit with the current hypothesized model of the aetiology of periodontitis. However, the effect of T2DM modified by waist measurement should be verified in future studies.
How do management and restoration needs of mountain grasslands depend on moisture regime? Experimental study from north‐western Slovakia (Western Carpathians)
Authors: Galvánek Dobromil , Lepš Jan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractQuestion: How does species composition change in traditionally managed meadows after mowing has ceased, and in abandoned meadows after re‐introduction of mowing? Are there differences in the dynamics of dry and moderately wet meadows?Location: Zázrivá‐Plešivá (19°11′N, 49°16′E), north‐western Slovakia, western Carpathians.Methods: Pairs of experimental plots (mown and unmown) were established to replicate each combination of dry/wet and traditionally managed/abandoned meadows. Changes in species composition were studied over 5 years. The data on changes in species composition was analysed by constrained and unconstrained ordinations, and visualized using Principal Response Curves.Results: Species composition of newly abandoned wet grasslands was changing towards the corresponding long‐abandoned plots even in the first year of abandonment. Similarly, newly established restoration mowing in abandoned dry grasslands rapidly shifted the stand species composition towards that of traditionally managed ones. Nevertheless, 4 year after reintroduction of mowing, the species composition of the restored plots was still far from the target composition. The effect of mowing in abandoned wet grasslands and abandonment in dry grasslands was much less pronounced and slower.Conclusions: Moisture regime is a very important factor determining the management needs of various grassland types. Wet grasslands are much more sensitive to abandonment, with a rapid degradation rate and limited possibilities for restoration, which can be extremely slow. Even in the dry grasslands, that quickly responded to restoration mowing, restoration is a long‐term process.
Does Rural Residence Affect Access to Prenatal Care in Oregon?
Authors: Epstein Beth , Grant Therese , Schiff Melissa , Kasehagen Laurin 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:
Context: Identifying how maternal residential location affects late initiation of prenatal care is important for policy planning and allocation of resources for intervention. Purpose: To determine how rural residence and other social and demographic characteristics affect late initiation of prenatal care, and how residence status is associated with self‐reported barriers to accessing early prenatal care. Methods: This observational study used data from the 2003 Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) (N = 1,508), with late initiation of prenatal care (after the first trimester) as the primary outcome. We used Rural‐Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes to categorize maternal residence as urban, large rural, or small/isolated rural. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate whether category of residence was associated with late initiation of prenatal care after adjusting for other maternal factors. Association between categories of barriers to prenatal care and maternal category of residence were determined using the Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel test of association. Findings: We found no significant association between residence category and late initiation of prenatal care, or residence category and barriers to prenatal care initiation. Urban women tended to be over age 34 or nonwhite. Women from large rural areas were more likely to be younger than 18 years, unmarried, and have an unintended pregnancy. Women from small rural areas were more likely to use tobacco during pregnancy. Conclusions: Maternal residence category is not associated with late initiation of prenatal care or with barriers to initiation of prenatal care. Differences in maternal risk profiles by location suggest possible new foci for programs, such as tobacco education in small rural areas.
Teledermatology Consultations Provide Specialty Care for Farmworkers in Rural Clinics
Authors: Vallejos Quirina M. , Quandt Sara A. , Feldman Steven R. , Fleischer, Jr Alan B. , Brooks Thanh , Cabral Gonzalo , Heck Judy , Schulz Mark R. , Verma Amit , Whalley Lara E. , Arcury Thomas A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:
Context: Rural patients have limited access to dermatologic care. Farmworkers have high rates of skin disease and limited access to care. Purpose: This exploratory study assessed whether teledermatology consultations could help meet the needs of health care providers for farmworkers in rural clinics. Methods: Dermatologists provided 79 consultations, using store‐and‐forward teledermatology, to farmworkers who presented with a skin disease to rural North Carolina clinics. Clinic providers rated the value of the consultation. Findings: Most requests for consultations (94%) came from family nurse practitioners or physician assistants. Twelve percent of consultations were rated somewhat helpful, and the remainder helpful or very helpful. After receiving the consultation, providers changed the diagnosis in 13% of cases. The consultation led providers to contact or attempt to contact 21% of patients to change treatment recommendations. Conclusions: Access to expert dermatologic services is needed by rural health care providers. Teledermatology consultations may be a helpful tool to meet this need.
Lateral lingual cyst with respiratory epithelium: a rare case
Authors: Horie N. , Shimoyama T. , Kawano R. , Ide F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLingual cyst with respiratory epithelium, also known as anterior median lingual cyst or lingual cyst of foregut origin, is an uncommon developmental lesion in neonates or infants. As its name implies, all cases reportedly developed in the midline of the anterior tongue. We present here a hitherto undescribed form of a laterally positioned lingual cyst with respiratory epithelium in a 3‐year‐old boy, with the immunohistochemical investigation of the cytokeratin profile of the lining epithelium.
Evaluation of Pacific Islands Early Childhood Caries Prevention Project: Republic of the Marshall Islands
Authors: Milgrom Peter , Tut Ohnmar K. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objectives: This communication reports an outcomes evaluation of the Pacific Islands Early Childhood Caries Prevention Project. Methods: The evaluation includes children in three conditions: a) topical fluoride varnish three times per school year; b) varnish plus twice‐per‐day toothbrushing; and c) intervention 2 plus three‐times‐per‐day xylitol containing gummy bear snacks at school and home visits to encourage parental involvement. For this evaluation, groups 2 and 3 have been combined. Results: One year after project implementation, mean decayed, extracted, or filled primary teeth was 10.3 [standard deviation (SD) = 4.3] teeth for group 1, and 8.2 (SD = 4.0) teeth for the combination of groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). Twenty‐four percent of group 1 had cavitated lesions in any permanent molar versus 12.8 percent in groups 2 and 3 combined (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Evaluation confirms the outcome of a program including both in‐school twice‐daily toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste and frequent applications of fluoride varnish.