bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation field design and regional control in sentinel lymph node‐positive breast cancer patients with omission of axillary dissection
Authors: Setton Jeremy , Cody Hiram , Tan Lee , Morrow Monica , Hudis Clifford , Catalano Jeffrey , McCormick Beryl , Powell Simon , Ho Alice 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Randomized data suggest that axillary clearance is not necessary in select, clinically lymph node‐negative women with positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies (SLNBs) who undergo breast‐conserving surgery or receive whole‐breast radiotherapy and systemic therapy. The additional value of axillary radiotherapy in these patients is unknown.METHODS:The authors identified 326 patients with positive SLNBs who underwent breast‐conserving surgery without axillary lymph node dissection from 1997 to 2009. SLN tumor deposits measured ≤0.2 mm in 58% of patients, 0.3 to 2.0 mm in 35% of patients, and >2 mm in 7% Patients. Ninety‐three percent of patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Radiation fields were categorized as standard tangents, high tangents, comprehensive (tangents plus supraclavicular), or partial breast to reflect coverage of the axilla. Standard tangents included both prone and supine positions. Regional failure was defined as recurrence in the ipsilateral supraclavicular, axillary, or internal mammary lymph nodes.RESULTS:The median follow‐up was 55 months (range, 1‐158 months). The 4‐year rates of regional control, local control, disease‐free survival, and overall survival were 99%, 98%, 95%, and 91%, respectively. Three patients had regional recurrences. Two of those patients received adjuvant radiotherapy with standard supine tangents, and 1 patient did not receive radiotherapy. No regional recurrences occurred among 66 patients who received radiotherapy in the prone position.CONCLUSIONS:Regional control was high (99% at 4 years) in patients who had low‐volume SLN disease who did not undergo axillary dissection, regardless of whether the axilla was irradiated. Whole‐breast radiation alone, including in the prone position, is sufficient treatment after breast‐conserving surgery for select patients with tumor‐containing SLNs who omit axillary dissection. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
What Basic Emotions Are Experienced in Bipolar Disorder?
Authors: Carolan Louise A. , Power Mick J. 
Published: September 2011

AimsThe aims of this study were to investigate the basic emotions experienced within and between episodes of bipolar disorder and, more specifically, to test the predictions made by the Schematic, Propositional, Analogical and Associative Representation Systems (SPAARS) model that mania is predominantly characterized by the coupling of happiness with anger whereas depression (unipolar and bipolar) primarily comprises a coupling between sadness and disgust.DesignA cross‐sectional design was employed to examine the differences within and between the bipolar, unipolar and control groups in the emotional profiles. Data were analysed using one‐way ANOVAs.MethodPsychiatric diagnoses in the clinical groups were confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID). It was not administered in the control group. Current mood state was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory‐II, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Bech–Rafaelsen Mania Scale. The Basic Emotions Scale was used to explore the emotional profiles.ResultsThe results confirmed the predictions made by the SPAARS model about emotions in mania and depression. Outwith these episodes, individuals with bipolar disorder experienced elevated levels of disgust.DiscussionEvidence was found in support of the proposal of SPAARS that there are five basic emotions, which form the basis for both normal emotional experience and emotional disorders. Disgust is an important feature of bipolar disorder. Strengths and limitations are discussed, and suggestions for future research are explored. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

There are five basic emotions which form the basis for emotional experience.
Disgust is an important feature of bipolar disorder.
These findings should be considered within clinical practice.
Influence of reduced working frequencies on the floating‐zone growth of silicon single crystals
Authors: Menzel R. , Rost A. , Luedge A. , Riemann H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLowering the working frequency in the inductively heated floating zone growth of Si Single crystals will reduce the risk of arcing at the induction coil. This is of particular interest in the growth of large diameter crystals. In the current paper we present results from growth experiments at lower frequencies, 2 MHz and 1.7 MHz. It is found that the growth of dislocation‐free crystals is possible at these frequencies and cause distinct changes in the interface deflection and radial resistivity profiles. Results from numerical simulation of the melt flow at different frequencies are presented. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CVD of Poly(α,α′‐dimethyl‐p‐xylylene) and Poly(α,α,α′, α′‐tetramethyl‐p‐xylylene)‐co‐poly(p‐xylylene) from Alkoxide Precursors I: Optical Properties and Thermal Stability
Authors: Senkevich Jay J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe parylene CVD platform is a unique one since it enables the room temperature deposition of high‐performance polymers from the resonance‐stabilization of the p‐xylylene intermediate. This intermediate, or the derivatives of it, have the same stabilization. Regardless of the precursor, albeit the more common [2.2] paracyclophane or monomer routes, there are two sites to derivatize the parylene precursor, the alpha or benzylic position or the phenyl ring. The work here explores the addition of methyl groups to the alpha position of p‐xylylene or parylene. The results show that the resulting polymer, poly(α,α′‐dimethyl‐p‐xylylene) shares many of the properties of parylene E (phenyl‐modified ethylated parylene); however, with a higher thermal stability, 400 °C. A homopolymer of poly(α,α,α′,α′‐tetramethyl‐p‐xylylene) is not possible due to steric hinderance of the methyl groups, but an alternating copolymer, poly(α,α,α′,α′‐tetramethyl‐p‐xylylene)‐co‐poly(p‐xylylene), is deposited.
Heterogeneous wireless access technology and its impact on forming and maintaining friendship through mobile social networks
Authors: Ou Shumao , Pan Hui , Li Feng 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYAdvances in wireless access technology have enabled mobile users to gain access to online social networks anywhere and any time. This paper investigates friendship formation in online social networks with the support of heterogeneous wireless access. A network‐aware friendship formation model is proposed that takes the network communication cost into account. A social network‐aware scheduling scheme is also proposed that schedules user data into a wireless access subsystem satisfying the minimum QoS requirements and with the lowest delivery cost. Simulation results have verified the proposed model and showed the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling mechanism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Squamous cell carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype of skin/soft tissue in a transplant patient: An exceptional case and review of the literature
Authors: Allam‐Nandyala Pushpa , Bui Marilyn M. , DeConti Ronald , Purohit Chetna , Altiok Soner 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma with rhabdoid features (SCCRF) is a very rare and unusual cutaneous tumor. Here, we report an extraordinary case diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy, in a 66‐year‐old man, status post multiple organ transplantation. The patient presented with a large ulcerating fungating mass in his forearm that had all the light microscopic and immunohistochemical features of a SCCRF. Previously six cases of SCCRF phenotype diagnosed by surgical pathology have been reported. This is the first case diagnosed cytologically. A review of the literature with emphasis on the differential diagnoses of such unusual rhabdoid‐like tumors in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy and the potential molecular mechanism for rhabdoid phenotype in transplant patients are discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Mouse transgenic lines that selectively label type I, type IIa, and types IIX+B skeletal muscle fibers
Authors: Chakkalakal Joe V. , Kuang Shihuan , Buffelli Mario , Lichtman Jeff W. , Sanes Joshua R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSkeletal muscle fibers vary in contractile and metabolic properties. Four main fiber types are present in mammalian trunk and limb muscles; they are called I, IIA, IIX, and IIB, ranging from slowest‐ to fastest‐contracting. Individual muscles contain stereotyped proportions of two or more fiber types. Fiber type is determined by a combination of nerve‐dependent and ‐independent influences, leading to formation of “homogeneous motor units” in which all branches of a single motor neuron form synapses on fibers of a single type. Fiber type composition of muscles can be altered in adulthood by multiple factors including exercise, denervation, hormones, and aging. To facilitate analysis of muscle development, plasticity, and innervation, we generated transgenic mouse lines in which Type I, Type IIA, and Type IIX+B fibers can be selectively labeled with distinguishable fluorophores. We demonstrate their use for motor unit reconstruction and live imaging of nerve‐dependent alterations in fiber type. genesis 50:50–58, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐Pleistocene range expansion of the recently imperiled eastern little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus lucifugus) from a single southern refugium
Authors: Dixon Michael D. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Myotis lucifugus, once among the most widespread and common bats in North America, has been forecast to be extirpated east of the Rockies in as few as 16 years by the spread of white‐nose syndrome. Recent genetic research has demonstrated that this species is paraphyletic and part of a broader species complex; however, only one lineage (Myotis lucifugus lucifugus [M. l. lucifugus]) is present in eastern North America. I used molecular tools and niche modeling to validate this and investigate the role that historical biogeography has played in the phylogenetic and population genetic structure of this species to determine if the eastern subspecies represents an evolutionarily distinct population.To establish the genetic structure within M. l. lucifugus, I densely sampled maternity colonies in Minnesota and sequenced 182 individuals for a portion of cytochrome b. Phylogenetic reconstruction and a haplotype network were used to infer the relationships among mitochondrial haplotypes. Population growth statistics were calculated to determine if there was evidence of significant expansion, and an environmental niche model (ENM) was constructed based on conditions during the last glacial maximum (LGM) to illustrate potential glacial refugia. All individuals derived from a single mitochondrial lineage. Genetic evidence points to population growth starting approximately 18 kya. ENM results show that there was likely a single large southern refugium extending across the southeastern United States and possibly several isolated refugia in western North America. Myotis lucifugus lucifugus likely maintained both a large range and a large population during the peaks of the glacial cycles, and its population appears to have expanded following the retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet. This imperiled lineage likely diverged in isolation from other members of the M. lucifugus/western long‐eared Myotis during the Pleistocene.
Using Metal Carbonyl Clusters To Develop a Molecular Approach towards Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Zacchini Stefano 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis microreview aims at presenting a personal perspective on the possible contributions of molecular metal carbonyl clusters (MCCs) to a better understanding and development of metal nanoparticles. High‐nuclearity molecular MCCs are perfectly (atomically) monodisperse, ligand‐stabilised metal nanoparticles with nanometric dimensions. Thus, when the nuclearity of molecular clusters is increased and the dimensions of metal nanoparticles are reduced, these two worlds begin to overlap. Herein, the synthesis of larger MCCs is briefly outlined, together with the description of their structural features and physical properties. The use of molecular MCCs as nanometric or subnanometric building blocks for self‐assembly of functional nanomaterials is also reported. Finally, the employment of MCCs as precursors for metal nanoparticles after decomposition of the molecular precursor is described. The purpose of this microreview is to discuss some representative examples of all these topics, showing that one of the most promising and fascinating aspects of molecular MCCs is their borderline nature between molecular chemistry and nanochemistry.
Hierarchical Durian‐Shaped Dodecahedral Rutile Microparticles
Authors: Liu Jia , Yang Xianfeng , Wen Yuping , Gao Qiong , Zhou Qiang , Liang Chaolun , Wu Mingmei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHierarchical durian‐shaped dodecahedrons of rutile have been synthesized hydrothermally from titanium n‐butoxide (TNB) in oxalic acid. The products are characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED) and the hierarchical architectures of these dodecahedrons have been addressed. It is suggested that the growth of the hierarchical rutile architectures is directly from a precursor, titanium oxide oxalate hydroxide hydrate [Ti2O2(C2O4)(OH)2·H2O, briefly denoted as TOOHH], which can be formed at an earlier stage during hydrothermal synthesis, typically at lower reaction temperature. The production of the novel hierarchical nanostructure is attributed to epitaxial growth along some specific directions and the chemical etching and growth is due to similarities of corner‐sharing TiO2 octahedrons between rutile and TOOHH.
Enantioselectivity of monolithic silica stationary phases immobilized with different concentrations cellulose tris (3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate), analyzed with different mobile phases in capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Lv Chunguang , Liu Yueqi , Mangelings Debby , Vander Heyden Yvan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate derivatives of cellulose bearing 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl residues were immobilized in a capillary format onto a monolithic silica support by intermolecular polycondensation of the triethoxysilyl groups. The resulting columns were used for chiral separations using capillary electrochromatography. The effects of the synthesizing solvent, the selector coating procedure, the chiral selector concentration onto the silica monolith and the mobile phase pH value, on the separation of enantiomers were studied. The column‐to‐column reproducibility and stability also were evaluated. A test set of 14 chiral substances, including acidic, neutral, bifunctional and basic compounds, was used to investigate the effects of the factors mentioned above. Twelve pairs of enantiomers showed enantioselectivity at some of the different conditions tested. The column‐to‐column repeatability was satisfactory, and the prepared columns were stable under the adopted analysis conditions.
Report on stage III Pig‐a mutation assays using benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Bhalli Javed A. , Shaddock Joseph G. , Pearce Mason G. , Dobrovolsky Vasily N. , Cao Xuefei , Heflich Robert H. , Vohr Hans‐Werner 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGenotoxicity assays were conducted on rats treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as part of Stage III of a validation study on the Pig‐a gene mutation assay. Assays were performed at the U.S. FDA‐NCTR and Bayer‐Germany. Starting on Day 1, groups of five 6‐ to 7‐week‐old male Fischer 344 (F344, used at FDA‐NCTR) and Han Wistar rats (Bayer) were given 28 daily doses of 0, 37.5, 75, or 150 mg/kg BaP; blood was sampled on Days −1, 4, 15, 29, and 56. Pig‐a mutant frequencies were determined on Days −1, 15, 29, and 56 in total red blood cells (RBCs) and reticulocytes (RETs) as RBCCD59− and RETCD59− frequencies; percent micronucleated‐RETs (%MN‐RET) were measured on Days 4 and 29. RBCCD59− and RETCD59− frequencies increased in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, producing significant increases by Day 29 in both rat models. The responses for RETs were stronger than those for RBCs, and the responses in F344 rats were stronger than in Han Wistar rats. BaP also produced significant increases in %MN‐RET frequency at Days 4 and 29, with the responses being greater in F344 than Han Wistar rats. The overall findings were consistent with those of the reference laboratory using Han Wistar rats. Finally, mutation assays performed on splenocytes from Day 56 F344 rats indicated that BaP mutant frequencies were three to fivefold higher for the Hprt gene than the Pig‐a gene. The results indicate that the Pig‐a RET and RBC assays are reproducible, transferable, and show promise for integrating gene mutation into 28‐day repeat‐dose studies. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐layer design for double‐string cooperative communications in wireless ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Sergi S. , Pancaldi F. , Vitetta G.M. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a novel architecture for cooperative communication in wireless ad‐hoc networks capable of offering reliable and low‐latency services efficiently. The proposed solution is characterised by the following relevant features: (i) a wireless connection between each couple of network nodes is established via multiple relays; (ii) each source‐to‐destination link is characterised by a double‐string topology, allowing the use of specific transmit diversity techniques for reliable communications; and (iii) a novel utility‐based routing metric providing a fair exploitation of the available energy/bandwidth resources is employed. Simulation results evidence that our solution offers substantial energy savings with respect to traditional ad‐hoc architectures employing multihop routing and operating in the absence of cooperative strategies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steady flow and heat transfer of a magnetohydrodynamic Sisko fluid through porous medium in annular pipe
Authors: Khan M. , Shaheen N. , Shahzad A. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the steady flow and heat transfer of a magnetohydrodynamic fluid is studied. The fluid is assumed to be electrically conducting in the presence of a uniform magnetic field and occupies the porous space in annular pipe. The governing nonlinear equations are modeled by introducing the modified Darcy's law obeying the Sisko model. The system is solved using the homotopy analysis method (HAM), which yields analytical solutions in the form of a rapidly convergent infinite series. Also, HAM is used to obtain analytical solutions of the problem for noninteger values of the power index. The resulting problem for velocity field is then numerically solved using an iterative method to show the accuracy of the analytic solutions. The obtained solutions for the velocity and temperature fields are graphically sketched and the salient features of these solutions are discussed for various values of the power index parameter. We also present a comparison between Sisko and Newtonian fluids. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular profiling reveals frequent gain of MYCN and anaplasia‐specific loss of 4q and 14q in wilms tumor
Authors: Williams Richard D. , Al‐Saadi Reem , Natrajan Rachael , Mackay Alan , Chagtai Tasnim , Little Suzanne , Hing Sandra N. , Fenwick Kerry , Ashworth Alan , Grundy Paul , Anderson James R. , Dome Jeffrey S. , Perlman Elizabeth J. , Jones Chris , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAnaplasia in Wilms tumor, a distinctive histology characterized by abnormal mitoses, is associated with poor patient outcome. While anaplastic tumors frequently harbour TP53 mutations, little is otherwise known about their molecular biology. We have used array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and cDNA microarray expression profiling to compare anaplastic and favorable histology Wilms tumors to determine their common and differentiating features. In addition to changes on 17p, consistent with TP53 deletion, recurrent anaplasia‐specific genomic loss and under‐expression were noted in several other regions, most strikingly 4q and 14q. Further aberrations, including gain of 1q and loss of 16q were common to both histologies. Focal gain of MYCN, initially detected by high resolution aCGH profiling in 6/61 anaplastic samples, was confirmed in a significant proportion of both tumor types by a genomic quantitative PCR survey of over 400 tumors. Overall, these results are consistent with a model where anaplasia, rather than forming an entirely distinct molecular entity, arises from the general continuum of Wilms tumor by the acquisition of additional genomic changes at multiple loci. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A putative “hepitype” in the ATM gene associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk
Authors: Martín‐Guerrero Idoia , Enjuanes Anna , Richter Julia , Ammerpohl Ole , Colomer Dolors , Ardanaz Maite , Marco Fernando , Salas Antonio , Campo Elias , Siebert Reiner , García‐Orad Africa 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells are characterized by several chromosomal lesions. Some of these aberrations imply chromosome breaks as a result of unrepaired double strand breaks (DSBs) in the DNA. The ATM (ataxia telangiectasia‐mutated) protein is the principal integrator of cellular responses to DSBs. ATM deletion is also an adverse prognostic factor in CLL. Taking this into account, we evaluated if genetic and/or epigenetic variation in the ATM gene may modulate the individual susceptibility to develop CLL. Our case‐control association study was performed in a large Spanish population of 1,503 individuals, including 742 patients with CLL and 761 controls. We identified one haplotype within the ATM gene that confers an increased risk of CLL development (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.10–1.60). Two polymorphisms of this ATM haplotype eliminated one CpG site each in Introns 15 and 61, causing changes in DNA methylation pattern. These data provide the first evidence for the existence of a putative “hepitype” in the ATM gene associated with CLL risk.© 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of altered MicroRNA expression in canine lymphoid cell lines and cases of B‐ and T‐Cell lymphomas
Authors: Uhl Elizabeth , Krimer Paula , Schliekelman Paul , Tompkins S. Mark , Suter Steven 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCanine lymphoma is a common spontaneous tumor with many similarities to human lymphoma, and thus has potential to be an important animal model of lymphomagenesis. This study determined that microRNA (miRNA) expression in canine tumors can be assessed using a commercially available human cancer miRNA qPCR array. miRNA expression in six different canine lymphoid cell lines and in naturally occurring canine B‐ and T‐cell lymphomas was compared using RNA harvested from normal canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and normal lymph nodes (LN) as controls. We found that false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple testing after quantile normalization controlled for variation across arrays and that they were the best methods for normalization and statistical analysis. Increases in miRNAs known to upregulate oncogenes (miR19a+b, miR17‐5p) and decreased expression of miRNAs with tumor suppressor functions (miR‐203, miR‐218, and miR‐181a) also seen in human lymphoid malignancies were observed. However, there were few similarities between canine groups. The results of this study indicate that the use of both PBMC and LN cells as controls provides different, but potentially equally important targets for further analysis. Our findings of miRNA dysregulation in canine lymphoid cell lines and clinical cases of lymphoma emphasize the potential of canine lymphoma as an important spontaneous, large animal model of human B‐ and T‐cell lymphomas. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.