bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and toxicity of reirradiation using intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer
Authors: Sher David J. , Haddad Robert I. , Norris Charles M. , Posner Marshall R. , Wirth Lori J. , Goguen Laura A. , Annino Donald , Balboni Tracy , Allen Aaron , Tishler Roy B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with locally recurrent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) are reported to have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Optimal management is selectively applied and morbid. Both surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy are reported to result in median survivals of approximately 12 months. Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a highly conformal approach for delivering RT. This study reported the experience of the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) with IMRT‐based chemoradiotherapy with or without surgery for locally recurrent SCCHN.METHODS:The current study was a retrospective study of all patients treated at DFCI who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic second primary or recurrent SCCHN and who received reirradiation based on IMRT. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were locoregional (LRC) and distant control and acute and chronic toxicity.RESULTS:Thirty‐five patients were treated from August 2004 until December 2008. Recurrent disease was treated in the oral cavity (4 patients), larynx/hypopharynx (13 patients), oropharynx (7 patients), nasopharynx (2 patients), and neck (9 patients). The median radiation dose was 60 Gray (Gy), and all patients received concurrent chemotherapy. The median follow‐up was 2.3 years. The 2‐year actuarial OS and LRC rates were 48% and 67%, respectively. Approximately 91% and 46%, respectively, of all patients developed at least 1 acute and late grade 3 toxicity. Four (11%) late deaths occurred in patients with no evidence of disease (2 aspiration events, 1 oropharyngeal hemorrhage, and 1 infectious death).CONCLUSIONS:Aggressive chemoradiotherapy with IMRT was found to be feasible and resulted in favorable survival outcomes in comparison with published reports. Acute and late toxicities were substantial. The apparently improved LRC appears to carry a significant risk of developing late complications. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Anthracycline dose intensification in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Thomas Deborah , O'Brien Susan , Faderl Stefan , Ravandi Farhad , Jabbour Elias , Pierce Sherry , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:In previous studies of frontline therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), early treatment with higher doses of anthracyclines has been reported to improve outcome. The current study was conducted to evaluate whether addition of anthracycline‐based consolidation chemotherapy (Course 2) with liposomal daunorubicin (150 mg/m2 intravenously [IV] on Days 1 and 2) and cytarabine (1.5 g/m2 IV on Days 1 and 2) to the standard hyper‐CVAD regimen (fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with high dose methotrexate and cytarabine) would improve outcome.METHODS:Sixty‐eight consecutive adults with de novo ALL or lymphoblastic lymphoma were treated with this modified hyper‐CVAD regimen inclusive of rituximab for CD20 expression ≥20%.RESULTS:Sixty‐three (93%) patients achieved complete response (CR). With a median follow‐up of 90 months, the 5‐year CR duration (CRD) and overall survival (OS) rates were 46% and 44%, respectively. Compared with 208 patients treated with standard hyper‐CVAD (rates of 45% and 47%, respectively; P = not significant), outcome with the modified hyper‐CVAD regimen was not improved overall. Outcome was improved by the addition of rituximab for the CD20‐positive subset (rates of CRD and OS of 50% and 53%, respectively), whereas anthracycline intensification worsened outcome for the CD20‐negative subset (rates of CRD and OS of 41% and 35%, respectively; P = .01) compared with standard hyper‐CVAD. A high mortality rate related to infections in CR was noted among patients aged 60 years or older.CONCLUSIONS:In the context of the hyper‐CVAD regimen, early anthracycline intensification did not improve outcome for adults with de novo ALL or lymphoblastic lymphoma. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Wei Bing , Ding Tian , Xing Yan , Wei Wei , Tian Zhen , Tang Feng , Abraham Susan , Nayeemuddin Khazi , Hunt Kelly , Wu Yun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast, a pathologic entity newly defined in the 2003 World Health Organization classification of tumors, is a rare type of tumor that is not well recognized or studied. The purpose of this first case‐controlled study is to reveal the clinicopathologic features, therapeutic response, and outcomes of patients with NEC of the breast.METHODS:Seventy‐four patients with NEC of the breast who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center were analyzed; 68 of them had complete clinical follow‐up. Two cohorts of invasive mammary carcinoma cases were selected to pair with NEC to reveal demographic, pathologic, and clinical features at presentation, along with therapeutic response to treatment and patient outcomes.RESULTS:NEC was more likely to be estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative. Despite similar age and disease stages at presentation, NEC showed a more aggressive course than invasive ductal carcinoma, with a higher propensity for local and distant recurrence and poorer overall survival. High nuclear grade, large tumor size, and regional lymph node metastasis were significant negative prognostic factors for distant recurrence‐free survival; high nuclear grade and regional lymph node metastasis were also significant negative prognostic factors for overall survival. Although endocrine therapy and radiation therapy showed a trend toward improved survival, the small number of cases in this study limited the statistical power to reveal therapeutic benefits in NEC of the breast.CONCLUSIONS:NEC is a distinct type of aggressive mammary carcinoma. Novel therapeutic approaches should be explored for this uniquely different clinical entity. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Self‐Sustainable Production of Hydrogen, Chemicals, and Energy from Renewable Alcohols by Electrocatalysis
Authors: Bambagioni Valentina , Bevilacqua Manuela , Bianchini Claudio , Filippi Jonathan , Lavacchi Alessandro , Marchionni Andrea , Vizza Francesco , Shen Pei Kang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe selective and simultaneous production of hydrogen and chemicals from renewable alcohols, such as ethanol, glycerol, and ethylene glycol, can be accomplished by means of electrolyzers in which the anode electrocatalyst is appropriately designed to promote the partial and selective oxidation of the alcohol. In the electrolyzers described herein, the production of 1 kg of hydrogen from aqueous ethanol occurs with one‐third the amount of energy required by a traditional H2/O2 electrolyzer, by virtue of the much lower oxidation potential of ethanol to acetate vs. water to oxygen in alkaline media (E0=0.10 V vs. 1.23 V). The self‐sustainability of H2 production is ensured by the simultaneous production of 25 kg of potassium acetate for every kg of H2, if the promoting co‐electrolyte is KOH.
An environmental evaluation of household garbage processors
Authors: Haruki Kazuhito 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe amount of garbage emitted from households and industries has been constantly increasing in recent years, and its treatment cost has been a financial burden to municipal governments in Japan. Many municipal governments recommend that their citizens purchase household garbage processors in order to reduce the volume of garbage transferred to and incinerated at their facilities. Actually, 1535 municipal governments subsidize their citizens' purchase of electrical garbage processors and/or compost containers. These subsidies should be assessed from various points of view, such as the costs and benefits to municipal governments and citizens, and also global or local environmental loads. An environmental planning department of a city office sent questionnaires to its residents to investigate the utilization of the subsidized devices. An environmental organization of citizens supported the department with design of the questionnaire form and analysis of the collected questionnaire data. In this paper, the processes of designing the form and analyzing the data are explained, and then an evaluation of the subsidy is presented. The conclusions are as follows: Electrical garbage processors would be beneficial for dealing with local environmental problems such as lack of a final landfill site. However, the processors will increase CO2 emissions unless their electrical consumption efficiency can be improved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(7): 42–52, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10285
Extended changing crossover operators to solve the traveling salesman problem
Authors: Takahashi Ryouei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn order to efficiently obtain an approximate solution of the traveling salesman problem (TSP), the use of extended changing crossover operators (ECXO) which can substitute for any crossover operator of genetic algorithms (GAs) and ant colony optimization (ACO) for another crossover operator at any time is proposed. In this investigation, ECXO uses both ACO or edge recombination crossover (EX) and edge exchange crossover (EXX) in the early generations in order to create local optimum subpaths, and it uses edge assembly crossover (EAX) to create a global optimum solution after a certain number of generations. In EX or ACO any individual or any ant determines the next city it visits from the lengths of the edges or the amounts of pheromone deposited on the edges, where the pheromone indicates the lengths of tours that other ants have completed, thus generating local optimum paths. In EXX, the generated paths converge to a provisional optimal path. In EAX, a parent exchanges edges with another parent to create subcyclic paths, before restructuring the total cyclic path by combining the subcyclic paths so as to minimize the distances between them. In this paper the validity of ECXO is experimentally verified by using medium‐sized problems from TSPLIB, and it is shown that ECXO can find the best solution earlier than EAX. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(7): 1–16, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10313
Partitioning hydrologic contributions to an ‘old‐growth’ riparian area in the Huron Mountains of Michigan, USA
Authors: Kolka Randall K. , Giardina Christian P. , McClure Jason D. , Mayer Alex , Jurgensen Martin F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOver the past century, annual snowfall has increased across the ‘snow‐belt’ region of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, yet total annual precipitation has not changed, with potential impacts on hydrological processes and ecosystem composition. Using an integrated hydrochemical approach, we characterized groundwater discharge and quantified the contribution of snow‐ and rain‐derived waters to groundwater for an old‐growth riparian area within the Huron Mountains in northern Michigan. We then quantified the relative contribution of lateral, hillslope‐derived groundwater and upstream lake water to streamwater, and the extent of hyporheic zone expansion and contraction during one growing season. During a period of above‐average snowfall, yet below average growing season precipitation, ∼80% of the riparian area's groundwater reservoir was derived from snowmelt. The relative contribution of groundwater to streamflow ranged from 70% in June to 100% in August. The remainder was derived from upstream lakes and wetlands, which dropped in elevation and relative contribution from June to August. Finally, the extent of the hyporheic zone was small (<50 cm from streambed surface) and contracted towards the stream during the recession limb of the hydrograph. We conclude that if snowfall continues to rise while total annual precipitation declines, in line with climate change scenarios for the region, then water fluxes from snowmelt will increasingly dominate summer baseflow and could potentially increase spring flooding. However, because of overall declines in precipitation, streamflow patterns will likely change towards lower overall flow following the influence of the snowmelt period. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreased rainfall interception balances increased transpiration in exotic ponderosa pine plantations compared with native cypress stands in Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Licata Julian A. , Pypker Thomas G. , Weigandt Mariana , Unsworth Michael H. , Gyenge Javier E. , Fernández María Elena , Schlichter Tomás M. , Bond Barbara J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractExotic ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosaDoug. ex. Laws) is being planted for timber production in the natural distribution area of cordilleran cypress [Austrocedrus chilensis(D. Don) Pic. Serm. et Bizzarri] in the forest‐steppe ecotone at the base of the Andes Mountains in northwest Patagonia. Our previous studies showed that transpiration of ponderosa pine plantations was between 33% and 64% greater than that of cordilleran cypress under similar growing conditions. Although transpiration is typically the largest term in evapotranspiration (ET) in closed‐canopy forests, evaporative losses of rainfall intercepted by the canopy (IL) can also account for a large proportion of ET in forest ecosystems. The objective of this case study was to assess differences inILbetween exotic ponderosa pine plantations and cordilleran cypress stands, as well as the combined effect ofILand transpiration. Net and gross precipitation were measured using arrays of manual rain gauges and tipping buckets with troughs in four forest stands of ponderosa pine and cordilleran cypress at two densities each. Additionally, water storage capacity of cut branches was measured in the laboratory. Annual estimates ofILwere calculated using the Gash model (Gash,1979) for two consecutive years with markedly different spring and summer precipitation. In cordilleran cypress stands,ILranged from 35% to 44% of gross precipitation, whereasILranged from 17% to 22% of gross precipitation in pine plantations. Total annualILfully offset the differences of spring and summer transpiration between ponderosa pine plantations and cordilleran cypress stands of similar densities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rearrangements of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes of Pyrazole to 4‐Aminoquinolines and Benzoquinolines
Authors: Dreger Andrij , Cisneros Camuña Rafael , Münster Niels , Rokob Tibor András , Pápai Imre , Schmidt Andreas 
Published: June 2010

Abstract1‐Phenyl‐substituted pyrazolium salts, formed by quaternization of pyrazoles with benzyl halides or long‐chain alkyl halides, deprotonate to pyrazol‐3‐ylidenes that undergo a sequence of ring‐opening, ring‐closure, and tautomerization to new substituted 4‐aminoquinolines. Similarly, 1‐naphthyl‐substituted pyrazolium‐3‐carboxylates decarboxylate on heating in toluene to give benzoquinolines in excellent yields by an analogous reaction pathway. DFT calculations indicate that the ring transformation proceeds through a sequence of intramolecular elimination, imine inversion and 6π‐electrocyclization steps.
Late phase of long‐term potentiation in the mossy fiber—CA3 hippocampal pathway is critically dependent on metalloproteinases activity
Authors: Wójtowicz Tomasz , Mozrzymas Jerzy W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to play a pivotal role in remodeling of the extracellular matrix and have been implicated in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. In hippocampus, inhibition of MMPs impairs the maintenance of long term plasticity in Schaeffer collateral‐CA1 (Sch/CA1) synapses while its effect on short term plasticity remains a matter of debate. Surprisingly little is known on the role of MMPs in other hippocampal synapses. In this study we have investigated the impact of a broad spectrum MMPs inhibitor, FN‐439 on synaptic transmission in mossy fiber‐CA3 (MF/CA3) synapses exhibiting profoundly different mechanism of long term potentiation (LTP) as well as robust short‐term plasticity, features that clearly distinguish them from the Sch/CA1 synapses. We report, that MMPs blockade before and up to 30 minutes after LTP induction resulted in a severe disruption of the late phase of tetanically induced LTP. However, LTP time course was not changed when FN439 was administered 60 minutes post LTP induction indicating that MMPs activity is required for the consolidation of the synaptic plasticity within a specific time window. The paired‐pulse facilitation ratio or post‐tetanic potentiation or burst‐like pattern of mossy fiber stimulation were not changed in the presence of FN‐439 administered for 15 minutes suggesting that temporal pattern of presynaptic transmitter release and, in general, the MF‐CA3 fidelity is not significantly affected by MMPs inhibition. We conclude that although the mechanisms of long‐term plasticity in MF/CA3 and in Sch/CA1 are profoundly different, MMPs play a crucial role in both pathways in the maintenance of LTP, which is believed to play an important role in learning and memory in the hippocampus. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and functional plasticity of the hippocampal formation in professional dancers and slackliners
Authors: Hüfner Katharina , Binetti Carolina , Hamilton Derek A. , Stephan Thomas , Flanagin Virginia L. , Linn Jennifer , Labudda Kirsten , Markowitsch Hans , Glasauer Stefan , Jahn Klaus , Strupp Michael , Brandt Thomas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe acquisition of special skills can induce plastic changes in the human hippocampus, a finding demonstrated in expert navigators (Maguire et al. (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:4,398–403). Conversely, patients with acquired chronic bilateral vestibular loss develop atrophy of the hippocampus, which is associated with impaired spatial memory (Brandt et al. (2005) Brain 128:2,732–741). This suggests that spatial memory relies on vestibular input. In this study 21 professional dancers and slackliners were examined to assess whether balance training with extensive vestibulo‐visual stimulation is associated with altered hippocampal formation volumes or spatial memory. Gray matter voxel‐based morphometry showed smaller volumes in the anterior hippocampal formation and in parts of the parieto‐insular vestibular cortex of the trained subjects but larger volumes in the posterior hippocampal formation and the lingual and fusiform gyri bilaterally. The local volumes in the right anterior hippocampal formation correlated negatively and those in the right posterior hippocampal formation positively with the amount of time spent training ballet/ice dancing or slacklining at the time of the study. There were no differences in general memory or in spatial memory as assessed by the virtual Morris water task. Trained subjects performed significantly better on a hippocampal formation‐dependent task of nonspatial memory (transverse patterning). The smaller anterior hippocampal formation volumes of the trained subjects may be the result of a long‐term suppression of destabilizing vestibular input. This is supported by the associated volume loss in the parieto‐insular vestibular cortex. The larger volumes in the posterior hippocampal formation of the trained subjects might result from their increased utilization of visual cues for balance. This is supported by the concomitant larger volumes in visual areas like the lingual and fusiform gyri. Our findings indicate that there is a spatial separation of vestibular and visual processes in the human hippocampus. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo evaluation of 13‐93 bioactive glass scaffolds with trabecular and oriented microstructures in a subcutaneous rat implantation model
Authors: Fu Qiang , Rahaman Mohamed N. , Bal B. Sonny , Kuroki Keiichi , Brown Roger F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe ability of two groups of 13‐93 bioactive glass scaffolds to support tissue ingrowth was evaluated after implantation for 4 weeks into subcutaneous pockets in the dorsum of Fisher 344 rats. One group of scaffolds (porosity = 85%; pore size = 100–500 μm) had a “trabecular” microstructure similar to that of dry human trabecular bone, whereas the other group had a “columnar” microstructure of oriented pores (porosity = 65%; pore width = 90–110 μm). Despite the lower porosity and pore width, the columnar scaffolds supported abundant soft tissue ingrowth (glycosaminoglycan and fibrillar stroma), whereas the trabecular scaffolds showed only limited tissue ingrowth. When seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), both groups of scaffolds supported abundant tissue infiltration. Bone‐like tissue was formed in both groups of scaffolds seeded with MSCs, but not in the scaffolds without MSCs. The new tissues integrated with the hydroxyapatite‐like surface layer of the scaffolds which resulted from the conversion of the bioactive glass in the body fluids. The results indicate that the trabecular bioactive glass scaffolds seeded with MSCs, as well as the columnar bioactive glass scaffolds, seeded with MSCs or unseeded, could serve as substrates for bone repair and regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Biological and mechanical properties of novel composites based on supramolecular polycaprolactone and functionalized hydroxyapatite
Authors: Shokrollahi Parvin , Mirzadeh Hamid , Scherman Oren A. , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSupramolecular polymers based on quadruple hydrogen‐bonding ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties hold promise as dynamic/stimuli‐responsive materials in applications such as tissue engineering. Here, a new class of materials is introduced: supramolecular polymer composites. We show that despite the highly ordered structure and tacticity‐dependent nature of hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular polymers, the bioactivity of these polymers can be tuned through composite preparation with bioceramics. These novel supramolecular composites combine the superior processability of supramolecular polymers with the excellent bioactivity and mechanical characteristics of bioceramics. In particular, the bioactive composites prepared from supramolecular polycaprolactone and UPy‐grafted hydroxyapatite (HApUPy) are described that can be easily formed into microporous biomaterials. The compression moduli increased about 40 and 90% upon composite preparation with HAp and HApUPy, respectively, as an indication to improved mechanical properties. These new materials show excellent potential as microporous composite scaffolds for the adhesion and proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) as a first step toward bone regeneration studies; rMSCs proliferate about 2 and 2.7 times faster on the conventional composite with HAp and the supramolecular composite with (HApUPy) than on the neat PCL1250(UPy)2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.