bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different instrumental techniques and clinical experience on shade matching
Authors: Saygılı Sina , Albayrak Berkman , Sülün Tonguç 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeMany factors can affect the aesthetics of dental restorations, including the instrumental techniques used in shade matching, and can lead to clinical failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using the cross‐polarization digital photograph technique and intraoral scanners for shade matching, and also evaluate the effect of the level of clinical experience on shade matching success.Materials and MethodsColor analysis was performed on the maxillary right central incisors of 10 subject models with Vita Easyshade. Intraoral scanning was performed 10 times on each model using TRIOS 3 and color analysis was performed from the same spot. Then cross‐polarized and non‐polarized photographs of the models were taken with standard settings using a gray reference card. Each shade tab of the Vita System 3D‐Master scale was also photographed with two different polarization techniques. Four groups (n = 12), including prosthodontics faculty staff, postgraduate students in prosthodontics, undergraduate students, and dental technicians matched the shade tabs and the model photographs obtained with both techniques on a standardized computer screen. Finally, the color differences between the shade tabs and maxillary central incisors matched by observers from four different groups were recorded using a colorimeter, Classic Color Meter, in accordance with the CIELAB system and CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) values were calculated. The data were compared with the acceptability threshold of 1.80 for ΔE00. The data obtained from the observers were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 Release Notes program. Independent Samples t‐test was used to compare normally distributed data according to binary groups. The level of significance was 0.05.ResultsA statistically significant difference was found in the shade matching on photographs taken with different techniques in postgraduate students (p = 0.02). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in success between the groups that made shade matching based on photographs obtained with the non‐polarization technique (p = 0.00). The undergraduate students achieved statistically significantly lower results than all other groups (ΔE00 = 5.57 ± 1.07). The kappa value between the intraoral scanner and spectrophotometer results was 0.10, and this value was not statistically significant (p = 0.32).ConclusionsThe cross‐polarization technique used especially for shade matching is not superior to the non‐polarization technique. Academic and clinical experience might be correlated with shade‐matching success with the non‐polarization technique. The clinical acceptability threshold could not be achieved in the shade matchings made on digital photographs taken with both techniques. Shade matching performed with an intraoral scanner did not yield reliable results.
Pythium tracheiphilum causing leaf rot and wilting in lettuce in Brasília‐DF, Brazil
Authors: Barboza Elenice Alves , Lopes Luiz Henrique Rocha , Pires‐Zottarelli Carmen Lidia Amorim , Cabral Cléia Santos , dos Santos Vieira Willie Anderson , Rossato Maurício , Ribeiro Fabiana Helena Silva , Reis Ailton 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPythium tracheiphilum is a narrow host range oomycete first described infecting lettuce in Italy. Subsequently, the pathogen was reported in many other countries. From 2015 to 2019, Pythium isolates were recovered from lettuce plants with symptoms of leaf rot, wilting and vascular necrosis, collected from commercial fields in different rural localities of Brasilia‐DF, Brazil. The isolates were identified as P. tracheiphilum based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Pathogenicity tests conducted with four P. tracheiphilum isolates confirmed that the isolates were pathogenic to detached leaves of a loose‐hearted lettuce cultivar. This is the first report of P. tracheiphilum infecting lettuces in Brazil.
What does ‘co‐production’ look like for food system transformation? Mapping the evidence across Transforming UK Food Systems (TUKFS) projects
Authors: Shaw Naomi , Hardman Charlotte A. , Boyle Neil Bernard , Craven Joanne , Dooley John , Mead Bethan R. , Morgans Lisa , Mumby Hannah , Pettinger Clare 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCo‐production is a collaborative way of working which emphasises the exchange of diverse forms of knowledge in an equal partnership for equal benefits. Co‐produced research is a key strategic aim of the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Transforming UK Food Systems (TUKFS) Strategic Priorities Fund; this research programme brings together researchers, policymakers, industry and communities to create positive change in the way food is produced, accessed and consumed. However, more generally, there are diverse understandings of co‐production and a lack of consensus on what ‘good practice’ looks like. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and map examples of co‐production methods employed across the TUKFS programme. Two creative workshops (n = 15 participants), conversations with TUKFS researchers and stakeholders (n = 15), and systematic analysis of project documents were used to critically explore co‐production activities within six TUKFS projects. A range of co‐production activities were identified. Findings highlighted areas of ‘messiness’ and complexity, challenges associated with applying co‐production approaches and practical solutions. Four key shared principles for co‐production were identified: (1) Relationships: developing and maintaining reciprocity‐based partnerships; (2) Knowledge: recognising the contribution of diverse forms of expertise; (3) Power: considering power dynamics and addressing imbalances; and (4) Inclusivity: ensuring research is accessible to all who wish to participate. Opportunities for reflection and reflexivity were considered crucial across all these areas. Findings contribute important insights towards a shared conceptual understanding of co‐production for food system transformation research. This paper makes recommendations for researchers, practitioners, academic institutions and funders working in this area of research and practice.
Do the expected heatwaves pose a threat to lichens?: Linkage between a passive decline in water content in thalli and response to heat stress
Authors: Osyczka Piotr , Myśliwa‐Kurdziel Beata 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBeing poikilohydric, lichens are inherently exposed to alternating desiccation and hydration cycles. They can exhibit extraordinary resistance to extreme temperatures in a dehydrated state but thermal thresholds for hydrated lichens are lower. The ability of the lichen Cetraria aculeata to recovery after high temperature treatment (40°C, 60°C) at different air humidity levels (relative humidity [RH]: <15%, 25%, 50%, 75%, ≅100%) was examined to find a linkage between passive dehydration of the lichen and its physiological resistance to heat stress. The response to heating was determined by measuring parameters related to photosynthesis and respiration after 2‐ and 24‐h recovery. A higher RH level resulted in a slower decline in relative water content (RWC) in hydrated thalli. In turn, the stress resistance of active thalli depended on the ambient humidity and associated RWC reduction. Elevated temperature had a negative impact on bioenergetic processes, but only an unnatural state of permanent full hydration during heat stress resulted in a lethal effect. Hydrated lichen thalli heated at 40°C and 50% relative humidity (RH) tended to be least susceptible to stress‐induced damage. Although atypical climatic conditions may lead lichens to lethal thresholds, the actual likelihood of deadly threat to lichens due to heat events per se is debatable.
Symmetries and Measurements
Authors: Murgueitio Ramírez Sebastián 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccording to the orthodox view, one can appeal to the symmetries of a theory in order to show that it is impossible to measure the properties that are not invariant under such symmetries. For example, it is widely believed that the fact that boosts are symmetries of Newtonian mechanics entails that it is impossible to measure states of absolute motion in a Newtonian world (these states vary under boosts). This paper offers an overview of the various ways by which philosophers have spelled out the connection between the symmetries of a theory and the alleged impossibility of measuring some properties (the variant ones). The paper will use the case of absolute motion as a case study, and will discuss a recent unorthodox view according to which this kind of motion can actually be measured in Newtonian mechanics. The paper ends by considering some avenues by which the discussion can be further developed.
Publication guidelines for human heart rate and heart rate variability studies in psychophysiology—Part 1: Physiological underpinnings and foundations of measurement
Authors: Quigley Karen S. , Gianaros Peter J. , Norman Greg J. , Jennings J. Richard , Berntson Gary G. , de Geus Eco J. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis Committee Report provides methodological, interpretive, and reporting guidance for researchers who use measures of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in psychophysiological research. We provide brief summaries of best practices in measuring HR and HRV via electrocardiographic and photoplethysmographic signals in laboratory, field (ambulatory), and brain‐imaging contexts to address research questions incorporating measures of HR and HRV. The Report emphasizes evidence for the strengths and weaknesses of different recording and derivation methods for measures of HR and HRV. Along with this guidance, the Report reviews what is known about the origin of the heartbeat and its neural control, including factors that produce and influence HRV metrics. The Report concludes with checklists to guide authors in study design and analysis considerations, as well as guidance on the reporting of key methodological details and characteristics of the samples under study. It is expected that rigorous and transparent recording and reporting of HR and HRV measures will strengthen inferences across the many applications of these metrics in psychophysiology. The prior Committee Reports on HR and HRV are several decades old. Since their appearance, technologies for human cardiac and vascular monitoring in laboratory and daily life (i.e., ambulatory) contexts have greatly expanded. This Committee Report was prepared for the Society for Psychophysiological Research to provide updated methodological and interpretive guidance, as well as to summarize best practices for reporting HR and HRV studies in humans.
Engel curves on outsourcing and foreign environmental taxes: A valued‐added approach
Authors: Li Ailun , Shen Leilei , Silva Peri 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper estimates Engel curves on the foreign content (outsourcing) and the foreign environmental taxes embedded in the consumption of final goods and services in the United States (U.S.). We estimate Engel curves using U.S. household income and consumption information from 1996 to 2011 and find that they are concave and shift down over time. Importantly, our results suggest a coherent picture where the foreign content and the foreign environmental taxes in U.S. household consumption bundles decreased on average over time primarily because of a composition effect where the significant income increase has led to a shift in consumption towards goods and services with lower foreign content and lower foreign environmental taxes. Both effects represent a movement along their respective Engel curves. Consequently, other effects besides income changes play a minor role in the evolution of consumer decisions and their relationship with foreign content and environmental taxes.
An analytical and numerical study of the Diaz–Solovchuk–Sheu acoustic model: How does it compare with Blackstock's in approximating the Euler system?
Authors: Jordan Pedro M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEmploying primarily numerical methods, and working in 1D, we seek to determine which of two competing finite‐amplitude acoustic models, specifically, those of Blackstock and Diaz et al, best approximates the acoustic special case of the Euler system. Working in the context of the classical signaling problem with sinusoidal input, we perform our assessment using not only velocity profile plots, but also a number of metrics. Our findings show, without equivocation, that the simpler Diaz et al model outperforms Blackstock's vis‐à‐vis all comparisons performed and metrics considered.
Inhibitory actions of melanin‐concentrating hormone in the lateral septum
Authors: Payant Mikayla A. , Spencer C. Duncan , Ly Nikita K. Koziel , Chee Melissa J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMelanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons can co‐express several neuropeptides or neurotransmitters and send widespread projections throughout the brain. Notably, there is a dense cluster of nerve terminals from MCH neurons in the lateral septum (LS) that innervate LS cells by glutamate release. The LS is also a key region integrating stress‐ and anxiety‐like behaviours, which are also emerging roles of MCH neurons. However, it is not known if or where the MCH peptide acts within the LS. We analysed the projections from MCH neurons in male and female mice anteroposteriorly throughout the LS and found spatial overlap between the distribution pattern of MCH‐immunoreactive (MCH‐ir) fibres with MCH receptor Mchr1 mRNA hybridization or MCHR1‐ir cells. This overlap was most prominent along the ventral and lateral border of the rostral part of the LS (LSr). Most MCHR1‐labelled LS neurons lay adjacent to passing MCH‐ir fibres, but some MCH‐ir varicosities directly contacted the soma or cilium of MCHR1‐labelled LS neurons. We thus performed whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from MCHR1‐rich LSr regions to determine if and how LS cells respond to MCH. Bath application of MCH to acute brain slices activated a bicuculline‐sensitive chloride current that directly hyperpolarized LS cells. This MCH‐mediated hyperpolarization was blocked by calphostin C, which suggested that the inhibitory actions of MCH were mediated by protein kinase C‐dependent activation of GABAA receptors. Taken together, these findings define potential hotspots within the LS that may elucidate the contributions of MCH to stress‐ or anxiety‐related feeding behaviours.
imageKey points
Melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons have dense nerve terminals within the lateral septum (LS), a key region underlying stress‐ and anxiety‐like behaviours that are emerging roles of the MCH system, but the function of MCH in the LS is not known.
We found spatial overlap between MCH‐immunoreactive fibres, Mchr1 mRNA, and MCHR1 protein expression along the lateral border of the LS.
Within MCHR1‐rich regions, MCH directly inhibited LS cells by increasing chloride conductance via GABAA receptor activation in a protein kinase C‐dependent manner.
Electrophysiological MCH effects in brain slices have been elusive, and few studies have described the mechanisms of MCH action. Our findings demonstrated, to our knowledge, the first description of MCHR1 Gq‐coupling in brain slices, which was previously predicted in cell or primary culture models only. Together, these findings defined hotspots and mechanistic underpinnings for MCH effects such as in feeding and anxiety‐related behaviours.
Streamlining System Assurance Program Objectives and Compliance With Both European and American Standards by Early Integration
Authors: Torabi Keivan , Gonzales Nancy Gene 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The extent of System Assurance (SA) program complexity changes from one transit project to another, considering the fact that the levels and the types of regulation of safety and security requirements for public transit systems varies significantly in different jurisdictions, states, and countries, depending on the public’s perception of the acceptable (tolerable) risks in using a technology. This paper discusses some of the key SA challenges in new urban rail transit systems being built in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, specifically in terms of the system safety and security assurance compliance with European and American standards, and also explains steps and approaches to help circumvent unnecessary burdens that would negatively impact the cost, the schedule and the effectiveness of the system safety and security assurance programs. A key step in streamlining the SA program in leniently regulated environments, that transit safety and security authorities primarily focus on establishing a “process”, without defining “measurable goals”, is early engagement of the SA program developers with the stakeholders to reach agreement on what constitutes a safe-enough and secure-enough public transit system for passenger service, at the beginning of project, perhaps prior or during the conceptual design phase.
Enhancing Railway Safety Through Satellite-Based Monitoring for Rockfall Potential
Authors: Byrraju Sumanth varma , Rizos Dimitris , Sutton Michael , Li Ning 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rockfalls pose significant challenges and hazards to railways and recognizing and monitoring landslide-prone areas is crucial for effective disaster mitigation. Small Baseline and Subset (SBAS), is an advanced subset of the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique, that can measure small displacements and effectively detect landslides. However, relying solely on a single-point deformation reading increases result uncertainty and the potential for incorrect judgments in landslide recognition. This paper introduces two novel approaches to address this concern: SBAS threshold stacking and SBAS timeline analysis. SBAS threshold stacking involves stacking multiple SBAS analyses that exceed a displacement threshold, thereby identifying areas with substantial activity. SBAS timeline analysis, which monitors regions using a set number of satellite images, this approach provides effective tools for rockfall recognition.
These approaches were tested in a rockfall event in Sandstone, WV, and validated in a rockfall event in Maupin, OR. In both cases, the SBAS threshold stacking technique identified two distinct clusters highlighting areas with significant activity leading to the rockfall. The SBAS timeline analysis showed a sudden increase in displacement activity before the rockfall event. Results from both sites showed consistent results demonstrating the potential of satellite-based monitoring for rockfall early warning systems.
Evaluating the Use of Surface Wave Ultrasonics for Near-Surface Rolling Contact Fatigue Depth Characterization
Authors: Li Zhen (Lisa) , Oldknow Kevin , Brunskill Henry 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Identifying and accurately characterizing shallow-depth rolling contact fatigue (RCF) in railway systems remains challenging with existing measurement technologies in widespread use such as bulk wave ultrasonics, eddy current, and magnetic flux leakage. The ability to accurately estimate RCF depth is important, for example for determining the risk of the damage feature, and for optimizing metal removal for rail reprofiling operations such as grinding and milling. Recently, surface wave ultrasonic inspection has demonstrated good potential for shallow depth RCF damage characterization based on low attenuation, long detection distances, high sensitivity to surface defects, and low susceptibility to changes in surface conditions. This paper reports proof of concept testing to further evaluate the potential use of surface wave ultrasonic measurement for shallow depth RCF characterization. A prototype benchtop system developed by Peak to Peak Measurement Solutions is used to conduct fundamental tests with a range of transducer frequencies and geometric arrangements on a steel test block with machined features intended to represent surface damage at suitable depths. The basic feasibility, sensitivity, and correlation of measured signals is reported and analyzed to assess the technology at a proof of concept level, setting the stage for future testing and practical evaluation.
Historical Implications of Wayside Detector Systems and Their Ability to Detect Hot Bearing Derailments
Authors: Tarawneh Constantine , Wilson Brent , Porter Byron 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The train derailment that occurred in East Palestine, OH, on February 3, 2023, has been the subject of a lot of national press surrounding the railroad industry, and has focused on the limitations of the detectors currently used in the industry that can often miss bearing burn-offs of this type. While the rail industry made tremendous progress from 1980–2010 in reducing derailments caused by hot bearings, derailment prevention has long since stagnated. Considerable effort has been expended by the AAR, its member railroads, and research institutions to make the most of wayside defect detectors. But, with such little progress over the past decade, it does not appear that this existing technology can provide any further improvement to the overall safety of the rail network. Moreover, the existing practice of running equipment to failure and then relying on both wayside systems to flag the failing bearing AND train crews to respond appropriately before a derailment occurs is an unnecessary risk. Condition-based, or even time-based maintenance practices, can remove problematic bearings from service in a safe and controlled environment, rather than running equipment to failure. Additionally, extensive research has shown that temperature is a last stage indication of a problematic bearing. Other forms of mechanical condition monitoring, such as vibration-based solutions, have been used in industrial practice for decades and form the basis of regular mechanical reliability and maintenance programs across industries and geographies. Unless the rail industry embraces new methods and technologies, such as onboard monitoring of the North American rail fleet, hazardous material derailments like East Palestine will likely occur again and again. The aim of this paper is to provide the necessary context, data, and pertinent information related to this type of derailment that will highlight some historical observations on the use of wayside detector methods, i.e., their inception, their usefulness, their limitations, and the fact that they can no longer move the industry forward in reducing derailments of this type.