bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flowerlike PbS Microcrystals: Citric Acid Assisted Synthesis, Shape Evolution, and Electrical Conductivities
Authors: Jin Rencheng , Chen Gang , Wang Qun , Pei Jian , Wang Gang , Wang Lin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLead sulfide (PbS) with various morphologies including flowerlike, microsphere, multipod, six‐armed star, and truncated octahedron has been synthesized selectively under hydrothermal conditions. The synthesis procedure variables such as concentration of the citric acid (CA), kinds of surfactant, reaction temperature, and reaction time were observed to influence the resultant shape of PbS microstructures. The structure and morphology of the obtained products were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. On the basis of the time‐dependent experimental data, the possible formation mechanism related to facet‐selective growth and dissolution–recrystallization was presented. Furthermore, the electrical conductivities for different morphologies of PbS were measured to investigate the possible effect of morphology on the electrical conductivity.
Di(2‐pyridyl) Ketone Complexes of CuI‐ and CuII‐Containing Iodide and Thiocyanate Ligands: An Unusual Case of a Mixed‐Aldol Condensation
Authors: Szpakolski Katherine B. , Latham Kay , Rix Colin J. , White Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractComplexes containing di(2‐pyridyl) ketone (dpk) as a bi‐ (N,N) and tridentate (N,N,O) ligand have been synthesised1,2 and characterized by spectral and structural studies. Products 1 and 2 are polymorphs of the polymeric copper(I) complex [Cu(dpk)(NCS)]n containing dpk with thiocyanate anions which bridge to form a one‐dimensional continuous polymer chain. The novel dinuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2(dpk·acetone)2(NCS)2] (3) was formed when 1 and 2 were allowed to stand in the supernatant. In this instance it appears that a transition‐metal‐promoted aldol condensation has occurred between the solvent acetone and the ketone carbonyl of dpk to produce the novel ligand, dpk·acetone. Product 3 contains two five‐coordinate copper(II) ions, both with trigonal bipyramidal coordination, bridged through deprotonated hydroxy groups on each dpk·acetone. A chemical rationalisation for the formation of 3 is proposed. The dinuclear copper(I) complex [Cu2(dpk)2I2] (4) is also reported, which contains two four‐coordinate copper(I) ions that are bridged together through iodide ions.
Applying Biocatalysis to the Synthesis of Diastereomerically Enriched Cyanohydrin Mannosides
Authors: Hietanen Ari , Ekholm Filip S. , Leino Reko , Kanerva Liisa T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFully acetylated D‐ and L‐α‐mannosylacetaldehydes have been prepared and used as substrates to produce the corresponding cyanohydrins or cyanohydrin acetates with (2S) or (2R) configuration, respectively, at the cyanohydrin moiety. The (R)‐oxynitrilase‐catalysed synthesis and lipase‐catalysed diastereomeric kinetic and dynamic kinetic resolutions were investigated. Sequential catalysis with almond meal [an economic source of (R)‐oxynitrilase] and Burkholderia cepacia lipase was shown to be a straightforward method that yielded the four diastereomeric target cyanohydrins, the absolute configurations of which were confirmed by 1H NMR analysis.
P‐Stereogenic Ferrocene‐Based (Trifluoromethyl)phosphanes: Synthesis, Structure, Coordination Properties and Catalysis
Authors: Sondenecker Aline , Cvengroš Ján , Aardoom Raphael , Togni Antonio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDiastereoselective ortho‐hydroxymethylation of (R)‐(1‐ferrocenylethyl)dimethylamine and Brønsted‐acid‐mediatednucleophilic substitution with phenyl(trifluoromethyl)phosphane affords an epimeric mixture of P‐stereogenic amine–phosphanes 4a and 4b, which are readily separated by crystallization from methanol. Subsequent substitution of the dimethylamino group with diphenylphosphane occurs without epimerization, yielding novel bis(phosphanes) 1a and 1b. These bis(phosphanes) combine three elements of chirality (C‐central, P‐central and planar) and bear a trifluoromethyl group at a stereogenic phosphorus atom. Their complexes with transition metals (Pd, Rh, Ir) were studied and characterized by means of NMR techniques and X‐ray crystallographic analyses, and the bidentate ligands proved efficient in stereoselective catalysis.
Sn/Li Exchange Reactions in 1,ω‐Distannylated Conjugated Trienes and Tetraenes: An Enabling Step for Polyene Synthesis
Authors: Burghart Jochen , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSuccessive treatments of (1E,3E,5E)‐ or (1E,3Z,5E)‐1,6‐bis(tributylstannyl)hexa‐1,3,5‐triene with nBuLi and butanal rendered polyenyl alcohols resulting from one Sn/Li exchange reaction and exhibiting complete retention of the configuration of all C=C bonds. Mono‐ or dimethylated all‐E‐configured 1,6‐distannylated conjugated trienes as well as all‐E‐1,8‐bis(tributylstannyl)octa‐1,3,5,7‐tetraene and dimethylated congeners thereof reacted similarly. The respective Sn/Li exchange reactions affected the substructure Bu3Sn–CH=CH with a 93–94:7–6 preference over Bu3Sn–CMe=CH and with a 90:10 preference over Bu3Sn–CH=CMe. all‐E‐1‐Lithio‐6‐(tributylstannyl)hexa‐1,3,5‐triene was incorporated into navenone B after Negishi coupling and into (–)‐cicutoxin after acylation. NMR spectroscopy of our navenone B specimen revealed that certain resonances were misassigned previously.
An activated catalyst RhH(PPh3)4‐dppe‐ Me2S2 for α‐methylthiolaton of α‐phenyl ketones
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Toriyama Fumihiko , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the presence of catalytic amounts of RhH(PPh3)4, 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe), and dimethyl disulfide, cyclic and acyclic α‐phenyl ketones reacted with p‐cyano‐α‐methylthioa‐ cetophenone giving α‐methylthio‐α‐phenylketones. The activated catalyst containing dimethyl disulfide was effective for the α‐methylthiolation reaction of these less reactive substrates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:18–23, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20650
Near‐infrared fluorescence imaging of lymphatics in head and neck lymphedema
Authors: Maus Erik A. , Tan I‐Chih , Rasmussen John C. , Marshall Milton V. , Fife Caroline E. , Smith Latisha A. , Guilliod Renie , Sevick‐Muraca Eva M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundLymphedema is a complication that may occur after surgical resection and radiation treatment in a number of cancer types and is especially debilitating in regions where treatment options are limited. Although upper and lower extremity lymphedema may be effectively treated with manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) therapies and devices that use compression to direct proximal flow of lymph fluids, head and neck lymphedema is more challenging.Methods and ResultsHerein, we describe the compassionate use of an investigatory technique of near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging to understand the lymphatic anatomy and function, help direct MLD, and use 3‐dimensional (3D) surface profilometry to monitor response to therapy in a patient with head and neck lymphedema after surgery and radiation treatment.ConclusionNIR fluorescence imaging provides a mapping of functional lymph vessels for direction of efficient MLD therapy in the head and neck. Additional studies are needed to assess the efficacy of MLD therapy when directed by NIR fluorescence imaging. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Endometrial cancer associated with various forms of postmenopausal hormone therapy: A case control study
Authors: Jaakkola Susanna , Lyytinen Heli K. , Dyba Tadeusz , Ylikorkala Olavi , Pukkala Eero 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study evaluates the effect of different modes of estradiol‐progestagen therapy (EPT) regimens on the postmenopausal endometrial cancer risk in Finland. Women diagnosed with endometrial cancer in 1995–2007 at the age of 50–80 years were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry (N = 7,261). For each case, three age‐matched controls were retrieved from the Finnish Population Register. The use of EPT since 1994 was ascertained from the national Medical Reimbursement Register. Odds ratios (ORs) for different EPT regimens were calculated with conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted for parity and ages at the deliveries. For use of <5 years, the OR for sequential EPT was 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.52–0.86), for continuous EPT 0.45 (0.27–0.73), and for estradiol plus levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device system (LNG‐IUS) 0.39 (0.17–0.88). A decreased risk persisted for the use of continuous EPT and estradiol plus LNG‐IUS of up to 10 years. The use of long‐cycle EPT showed a tendency toward an elevated risk both for exposure of <5 years (1.40; 0.82–2.38) and for estimated use of >5 years (1.63; 1.12–2.38). For an estimated exposure of >10 years, the risk for endometrial cancer was elevated for both users of long‐cycle EPT (2.95; 2.40–3.62) and sequential EPT (1.38; 1.15–1.66). Norethisterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate as parts of EPT did not differ in their endometrial cancer risk. The use of tibolone showed no endometrial risk. The use of sequential and long‐cycle EPT is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, whereas the use of continuous EPT or estradiol plus LNG‐IUS shows a decreased risk.
Light‐induced effects on Brownian displacements
Authors: Bhalerao Anish S. , Pollack Gerald H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEarlier work on particles in aqueous solution indicated that particle hydration could be expanded by incident light. To assess the effects of expanded hydration we measured Brownian displacements of microspheres exposed to light of varying intensities and wavelengths. Displacements were consistently diminished in an intensity‐dependent and wavelength‐dependent fashion, and center‐to‐center distances between microspheres were shifted to higher values. We conclude that suspended microspheres are surrounded by hydration zones substantial enough to impact Brownian displacements. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Automatic analysis of computed catalytic cycles
Authors: Uhe Andreas , Kozuch Sebastian , Shaik Sason 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe energetic span model allows the estimation of the turnover frequency (TOF) of a catalytic reaction from its calculated energy profile. Furthermore, by identifying the TOF determining intermediate and the TOF determining transition state, the model shows that the concept of “determining states” is more useful and correct than the concept of “determining steps.” This article illustrates the application of the model and provides an introduction to its concepts using instructive examples. The first part explains the model in its current state of development, whereas in the second part the degree of TOF control of the reactant and product concentrations is introduced. With this information, it is possible to give explicit recommendations regarding the conditions to be applied in the experiment, e.g., which reactant promotes the reaction or if a product kinetically inhibits it. At the end, we present the AUTOF program that allows the user to apply the complete model in a black box fashion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Normal length of the fetal liver from 14 to 40 weeks of gestational age
Authors: Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Luewan Suchaya , Tongsong Theera 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo create a normal reference table of fetal liver length in normal fetusesMethodsA prospective, cross‐sectional study was conducted on normal pregnancies with accurate gestational age (GA) from 14 to 40 weeks of gestation. All fetuses were measured for fetal liver length from the top of the right hemidiaphragm to tip of the right liver lobe on coronal image of the fetal abdomen, using high‐resolution real‐time ultrasound with a 2‐ to 4‐MHz convex transducer.ResultsA total of 685 normal pregnant women between 14 and 40 weeks of gestation were recruited. Forty‐five were excluded due to poor image quality and fetal abnormalities. The remaining 640 were available for analysis. The linear regression model was best fitted to estimate the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile range of liver length at each gestational week. Fetal liver length was gradually increased with GA with fitted equation as follows: Liver length (mm) = 1.61 (GA, week) − 6.75 (r2 = 0.94, p < 0.001).ConclusionA normal reference range of fetal liver length for each GA between 14 and 40 weeks was constructed. This may be a useful tool in assessment for some fetal pathologic conditions, especially when fetal anemia is suspected. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20756
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital epulis
Authors: Jiang LiXin , Hu Bing , Guo Qian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCongenital epulis is a benign gingival tumor that has rarely been diagnosed prenatally. We report a fetus with congenital epulis diagnosed by ultrasound at 37 weeks' gestation. The mass was diagnosed as originating from the inferior alveolar ridge prenatally. After birth, it was completely removed by simple excision under general anesthesia. Histologic examination revealed a congenital granular cell tumor. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Abundance, diversity and antibiotics resistance pattern of Vibrio spp. in coral ecosystem of Kurusadai island
Authors: Haldar Soumya , Mody Kalpana H. , Jha Bhavanath 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe abundance and species diversity of Vibrio associated with coral reef ecosystem of Kurusadai island, Tamil Nadu, India were evaluated. A total of twelve sampling locations including different live and dead coral surfaces, surrounding water and rock surface (negative control) were selected for the present study. Total viable and TCBS counts were found to be higher in dead coral as compared to that of live coral. Out of total 21 species of Vibrio isolated, 13 were identified up to species level based on biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence homology, while remaining 8 isolates did not show homology up to species level with any of the sequences available in the NCBI database. Moreover, these unidentified Vibrio spp. exhibited intra‐species variation. This study indicated association of hitherto unknown Vibrio species with coral reef ecosystem of Kurusadai island. Assuming that only resistant bacteria can grow in the coral environment, susceptibility against a total of 20 antibiotics was evaluated. All the isolates exhibited resistance towards more than 6 antibiotics. Interestingly, none of the identified bacteria were previously reported to be of coral pathogen reflecting the healthy nature of the ecosystem. However, a continuous monitoring of the region will be prerequisite to envisage the role of these bacteria on the health status of the coral ecosystem. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deglacial reservoir age and implications, Foxe Peninsula, Baffin Island
Authors: Vickers Kayla J. , Ward Brent C. , Utting Daniel J. , Telka Alice M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMarine reservoir age is reported for Foxe Basin, Canada, during deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Radiocarbon (14C) measurements were made on pairs of contemporaneous molluscs and Salix (willow) macrofossils, yielding a mean marine reservoir age of 985 ± 10 14C a. Mean regional ΔR is calculated to be 615 ± 20 14C a relative to a mean global reservoir age of ca. 400 14C a. Previous studies in the Canadian Arctic that have been conducted on modern pre‐bomb molluscs give ΔR values of ca. 100–300 14C a. The difference between modern and deglacial reservoir ages indicates that ΔR in Foxe Basin has changed over time, which has implications for the reconstruction of past events based on marine 14C dates. We recalculate the timing of deglaciation of Hudson Strait with this new reservoir age and relate this to the 8.2 cal. ka event. We recommend that local ΔR be determined for the time period being examined whenever possible, and that in cases where this is impossible a ΔR value of 615 14C a be applied when calibrating marine samples from Foxe Basin and vicinity during deglaciation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of monovalent ion‐selective poly(vinyl chloride)‐blend‐poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene) heterogeneous anion‐exchange membranes
Authors: Khodabakhshi Ali Reza , Madaeni Sayed Siavash , Hosseini Sayed Mohsen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNew types of composite anion‐exchange membranes were prepared by blending of suspension‐produced poly(vinyl chloride) (S‐PVC) and poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene), otherwise known as styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), as binder, along with anion‐exchange resin powder to provide functional groups and activated carbon as inorganic filler additive. Also, an ultrasonic method was used to obtain better homogeneity. In solutions with mono‐ and divalent anions, the effect of activated carbon and sonication on the morphology, electrochemical properties and selectivity of these membranes was elucidated. For all solutions, ion‐exchange capacity, membrane potential, permselectivity, transport number, ionic permeability, flux and current efficiency of the prepared membranes initially increased on increasing the activated carbon concentration to 2 wt% in the casting solution and then began to decrease. Moreover, the electrical resistance and energy consumption of the membranes initially decreased on increasing the activated carbon loading to 2 wt% and then increased. S‐PVC‐blend‐SBR membranes with additive showed a decrease in water content and a slight decrease in oxidative stability. Also, these membranes showed good monovalent ion selectivity. Structural images of the prepared membranes obtained using scanning optical microscopy showed that sonication increased polymer‐particle interactions and promoted the compatibility of particles with binder. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Concerted SN2 mechanism for the hydrolysis of acid chlorides: comparisons of reactivities calculated by the density functional theory with experimental data
Authors: Ruff Ferenc , Farkas Ödön 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDFT computations have been performed in acetone and water solvents in order to investigate the mechanism of hydrolysis of acid chlorides. Acetyl chloride and chloroacetyl chloride hydrolyze via concerted, one‐step SN2 mechanism, with the attack of water at the sp2 hybridized carbon atom of the CO group, and the transition state (TS) has distorted tetrahedral geometry. Solvent molecules act as general base and general acid catalysts. The TS of chloroacetyl chloride is tighter and less polar than the TS of acetyl chloride. The structure of the SN2 TS for the hydrolysis of benzoyl chlorides changes with the substituents and the solvent. Tight and loose TSs are formed for substrates bearing electron withdrawing (e‐w) and electron donating (e‐d) groups, respectively. In acetone, only the e‐w effect of the substituents increase the reactivity of the substrates, and the change of the structure of the TSs with the substituents is small. In water, polar and very loose TSs are formed in the reactions of benzoyl chlorides bearing e‐d substituents, and the rate enhancing effect of both e‐d and e‐w groups can be computed at higher level of theory. Calculated reactivities and the changes of the structure of the TSs with substituents and solvent are in accordance with the results of kinetic studies. In SN2 nucleophilic substitutions late/early TSs are formed if the attacking reagent is poorer/better nucleophile than the leaving group, and loose/tight TSs are formed for substrates bearing e‐d/e‐w substituents and in protic/aprotic solvents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton
Authors: Zhang Liping , Greenberg Shoil M , Zhang Yongmei , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B is one of the most important pests on cotton around the world. Laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against B. tabaci on cotton.RESULTS: Under laboratory conditions, the two treatments caused whitefly adult mortality, reduced oviposition and increased mortality of nymphs at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after germination (DAG). The longer the adults fed on plants from treated seeds, the higher the mortality. The two treatments did not have any effect on eggs. The efficacy of the treated seeds against B. tabaci gradually decreased from 10 to 40 DAG, being the lowest at 40 DAG. In laboratory experiments, the efficacies between the two treatments were similar. In greenhouse experiments, the two treatments were equally effective with lower numbers of whiteflies than untreated controls. With both treatments the concentrations of the active ingredient were gradually reduced with aging of the plants and from the bottom to the top leaves of the plants. Numbers of live whiteflies were well correlated with the dosage of active ingredients. Under field conditions, the seeds treated with both insecticides exhibited similar efficacy against B. tabaci for up to ∼2 months.CONCLUSION: Cotton seeds treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were effective against B. tabaci for up to 45 days under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, and up to ∼2 months under field conditions. Use of imidacloprid‐ and thiamethoxam‐treated seeds can be an important alternative for management of whiteflies on cotton. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Protective Effect of flaxseed oil on renal injury in hyperlipidaemic rats: the effect of flaxseed oil on hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Akpolat Meryem , Kanter Mehmet , Topcu‐Tarladacalisir Yeter , Aydogdu Nurettin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study evaluated the possible effects of flaxseed oil on renal damage associated with hyperlipidaemic rats. Wistar albino male rats were divided into three groups. Group I was fed with a pellet chow. Group II was fed with a high cholesterol diet (HCD) consisting of 5% cholesterol and 0.35% cholic acid added to the pellet chow. Group III was fed with the same HCD, but were orally treated with a dose of 15 mg/kg body wt/day flaxseed oil. Flaxseed oil treatment started 1 week before and continued throughout the 22 weeks of the HCD. At the end of the experiment, renal tissue and blood samples were collected. The biochemical and histopathological findings confirmed renal damage in hypercholesterolaemia conditions. Flaxseed oil reduced the hypercholesterolaemia‐induced increase in the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL and urea. Oil red O stain revealed that lowered serum lipid was accompanied by a decreased deposition of neutral lipid. Flaxseed oil effectively reversed these abnormalities, verifying the protective effects of flaxseed oil in ameliorating renal injuries associated with hypercholesterolaemia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.