bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Nonisothermal Fully Coupled Wellbore/Reservoir Model for Gas-Well Testing, Part 1: Modelling
Authors: Bahonar Mehdi , Azaiez Jalel , Chen Zhangxing John 
Published: September 2011

Summary
A numerical fully implicit nonisothermal wellbore/reservoir simulator is developed. The model entails simultaneous solution of transient coupled mass-, momentum-, and energy-balance equations within the wellbore; energy-balance equations for the tubular and cement materials and the formation surrounding the wellbore; and mass-balance and flow-rate/pressure equations for the reservoir formation. A wellbore heat-loss model that is a strong feature of this study is developed and employed in the model to improve the accuracy of the simulator and to be able to estimate the casing temperature and formation-temperature distribution. The model formulation is completed with an equation of state (EOS) to estimate fluid properties and appropriate friction-factor correlations in the wellbore tubing to compute the frictional pressure drop for different flow regimes.
The developed model has several applications in the petroleum industry, particularly in the gas-well testing design and interpretation of both isothermal and nonisothermal gas reservoirs.
This nonisothermal simulator is validated through comparisons to both analytical models and an equivalent numerical isothermal coupled wellbore/reservoir simulator that is also developed in this paper. Applications of this simulator to analyzing gas-well testing problems, in addition to several important observations, are extensively studied in Part 2 of this research work (Bahonar et al. 2010).
Currently, it has been well accepted that the applicability and significance of a reservoir simulator depend on the behaviour of the wellbore and interaction between the wellbore and reservoir. A robust, accurate coupled wellbore and reservoir simulator is an invaluable tool for the petroleum engineer to help the petroleum industry understand production behaviour, make a meaningful prediction, and make correct decisions in all field-development and production stages.
Transient Nonisothermal Fully Coupled Wellbore/Reservoir Model for Gas-Well Testing, Part 2: Applications
Authors: Bahonar Mehdi , Azaiez Jalel , Chen Zhangxing John 
Published: September 2011

Summary
After the development of a numerical fully implicit nonisothermal wellbore/reservoir simulator in Part 1 of this study (Bahonar et al. 2010), this simulator is implemented for a close and detailed study of gas-well pressure-drawdown (DD) and -buildup (BU) tests. Overall, the developed simulator is an accurate and strong tool for design and analysis of transient gas-well testing, particularly for high- pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) gas reservoirs.
Several numerical results will be presented. This includes demonstration of the behaviour of the wellbore-fluid pressure, temperature, density, and velocity and an overall heat-transfer coefficient during DD or shut-in tests for nonisothermal reservoirs and conceptual comparisons with the isothermal counterparts. Thermal effects on the behaviour of derivative plots and the sandface-flow rate of deep nonisothermal gas reservoirs will be studied. A significant effect of neglecting the heat capacity of tubular and cement materials on the wellhead-temperature simulation, and thus transient well tests, will be demonstrated. A sample case to show that neglecting the thermal effects in the gas-well tests of composite reservoirs leads to unreliable results in well-testing analysis will be presented. Several other numerical experiments, including the presence of a variable wellbore-storage coefficient, gas backflow from the wellbore to the reservoir, and other thermal effects during the gas-well tests, are also presented.
Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent every year on well testing around the world (Hawkes et al. 2001). A proper design and truthful interpretation of these tests can be achieved by a reliable coupled wellbore/reservoir simulator, which in turn can save a large portion of the required costs.
Changes in teaching of nontechnical skills, knowledge, aptitudes, and attitudes at US colleges and schools of veterinary medicine between 1999 and 2009
Authors: Harris Donna L. , Lloyd James W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To identify changes in the teaching of nontechnical skills, knowledge, aptitudes, and attitudes (SKAs) at US colleges and schools of veterinary medicine between 1999 and 2009.
Design—Cross-sectional survey.
Sample—All 28 US colleges and schools of veterinary medicine.
Procedures—An electronic questionnaire was sent to the entire study population. Results were compared with published results of a similar survey performed in 1999 of colleges and schools of veterinary medicine in the United States and Canada.
Results—A 100% response rate was achieved. All respondents were found to offer at least 1 course related to SKAs in 2009, compared with 94% (29/31) of respondents in 1999. A total of 110 such courses were documented, compared with 47 in 1999. In 2009, 26 of the 28 (93%) colleges and schools had at least 1 course related to SKAs that was required, compared with 17 of the 31 (55%) respondents to the 1999 survey. Courses were most commonly incorporated in years 1 and 3 of the curriculum and were most often valued at 1 or 2 credit hours. Forty-one of 67 (61%) courses had been developed since 1999. The most common topics were communication and financial management.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results demonstrated an increased commitment to teaching the SKAs on the part of the US colleges and schools of veterinary medicine. However, the question remains as to how effective these initiatives will be in enhancing the economic success of graduates and the veterinary medical profession in general.
Agonistic behavior and environmental enrichment of cats communally housed in a shelter
Authors: Dantas-Divers Leticia M. S. , Crowell-Davis Sharon L. , Alford Kelly , Genaro Gelson , D'Almeida Jose Mario , Paixao Rita L. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the presence of a dominance rank in a group of cats and the relation between agonistic behavior and the use of resources, including environmental enrichment, in these cats.
Design—Observational analytic study.
Animals—27 neutered cats in a shelter in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Procedures—The cats were video recorded for 4 consecutive days to obtain baseline data. Subsequently, a puzzle feeder was added as an enrichment device every other day over 8 days, for a total of 4 days with enrichment. Cats were also video recorded on these days. All pretreatment and posttreatment agonistic behaviors and interactions with the puzzle feeder were recorded by reviewing the videotapes.
Results—143 agonistic encounters were recorded, of which 44 were related to resources and 99 were not. There were insufficient agonistic interactions to determine a dominance rank. Presence or absence of the puzzle feeder did not affect the rate of aggression. There was no significant effect of weight, sex, or coat color on the rate of aggression, and aggressive behavior did not correlate with time spent with the puzzle feeder. Twenty-three of the 27 cats interacted with the puzzle feeder.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In a stable group of communally housed cats, environmental enrichment did not cause increased aggression as a result of competition for the source of enrichment. Because environmental enrichment increases the opportunity to perform exploratory behaviors, it may improve the welfare of groups of cats maintained long-term in shelters, sanctuaries, or multicat households.
Real-time PCR for the detection of precise transgene copy number in durum wheat
Authors: Gadaleta Agata , Giancaspro Angelica , Cardone Maria , Blanco Antonio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecent results obtained in various crops indicate that real-time PCR could be a powerful tool for the detection and characterization of transgene locus structures. The determination of transgenic locus number through real-time PCR overcomes the problems linked to phenotypic segregation analysis (i.e. lack of detectable expression even when the transgenes are present) and can analyse hundreds of samples in a day, making it an efficient method for estimating gene copy number. Despite these advantages, many authors speak of “estimating” copy number by real-time PCR, and this is because the detection of a precise number of transgene depends on how well real-time PCR performs.This study was conducted to determine transgene copy number in transgenic wheat lines and to investigate potential variability in sensitivity and resolution of real-time chemistry by TaqMan probes. We have applied real-time PCR to a set of four transgenic durum wheat lines previously obtained. A total of 24 experiments (three experiments for two genes in each transgenic line) were conducted and standard curves were obtained from serial dilutions of the plasmids containing the genes of interest. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.95 to 0.97. By using TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR we were able to detect 1 to 41 copies of transgenes per haploid genome in the DNA of homozygous T4 transformants. Although a slight variability was observed among PCR experiments, in our study we found real-time PCR to be a fast, sensitive and reliable method for the detection of transgene copy number in durum wheat, and a useful adjunct to Southern blot and FISH analyses to detect the presence of transgenic DNA in plant material.
La «bonne gouvernance» à l'épreuve des contextes locaux
Authors: Hochet Peter 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Au Mali, le télescopage du processus de décentralisation au titre de la « bonne gouvernance » et des projets de gestion participative des ressources naturelles conduit à un modèle de « bonne gouvernance des ressources » dont la vocation est de remplacer ou de compléter le modèle villageois d’organisation de l’accès aux ressources. Cet article montre que la tentative non contrôlée d’un projet de mettre en place cette logique a été confronté au fait que les modèles politiques sous-jacents ont peu en commun. Ne prenant pas en compte les caractéristiques de la société locale, fonctionnant sur des modèles d’interprétation stéréotypés et des solutions préétablies, l’intervention du projet ne contribuera pas à mettre en place un espace public de diffusion et de négociation des règles. Elle favorisera plutôt le renforcement de rapports politiques autoritaires, et l’émergence de comportements opportunistes nouveaux.
Situation géopolitique de la péninsule coréenne
Authors: Godement François 
Published: September 2011

Dans cet entretien, François Godement présente la situation géopolitique de la péninsule coréenne. Si la réunification coréenne est officiellement souhaitée par les deux parties, l’une et l’autre la redoutent : le Nord car son existence serait remise en jeu, le Sud car le coût en serait très élevé. Le règlement de la situation coréenne ne peut se faire sans un accord entre la Chine et les États-Unis, et le rôle de la Chine dans la situation géopolitique de la région s’accroît du fait de sa montée en puissance. Le gouvernement chinois s’accommode très bien de deux Corées. Quant au Japon, autre puissance régionale à prendre en compte, il faut aller au-delà des clichés de l’hostilité des Coréens envers l’ancienne puissance coloniale. Le degré d’interpénétration économique est élevé : les échanges commerciaux sont très importants entre le Japon et la Corée du Sud. Mais les tensions actuelles montrent que les liens économiques n’écartent pas les risques de tensions pour des raisons géopolitiques.
La crise nucléaire nord-coréenne : le bilan et la résolution
Authors: Lee Seung-Keun 
Published: September 2011

Dans cet article, on dresse le bilan et on examine la résolution de la crise nucléaire nord-coréenne. Selon les études empiriques sur la diplomatie nucléaire et la stratégie politico-militaire de la Corée du Nord, il est évident que Pyongyang essaie de développer des armes nucléaires alors que la communauté internationale ne fait pas pression sur les Nord-Coréens pour qu’ils abandonnent le programme nucléaire. Dans ce but, cet article propose quelques pistes pour une approche compréhensive : le retour à des pourparlers à six ; la préparation d’un « roadmap » sophistiqué pour l’élimination nucléaire nord-coréenne ; l’encouragement à la transformation graduelle de la Corée du Nord et son intégration à la communauté internationale. Pour trouver une solution afin de résoudre la crise nucléaire nord-coréenne, une stratégie à long terme et complète doit tendre à l’élimination totale des armes nucléaires nord-coréennes et à la dénucléarisation de la péninsule coréenne.
Sur le « multiculturalisme » à la coréenne
Authors: Kim Tae-Soo 
Published: September 2011

Depuis ces dernières décennies, la société sud-coréenne s’affronte à un nouveau phénomène inouï : mutation progressive vers une société pluriethnique provoquée par la venue massive des étrangers. D’où se posent des questions délicates sur l’intégration de ces nouveaux venus de diverses origines ethnico-culturelles au pays dont la base de cohésion sociale repose en principe sur une idée de « communauté du sang ». Si, en France, on voit dans les discours multiculturels une remise en cause radicale du principe républicain, la Corée accepte sans grand heurt le « multiculturalisme » comme une référence valable pour résoudre des problèmes liés à l’intégration des étrangers venus à s’installer en Corée. Mais le « multiculturalisme » coréen, le plus souvent initié et promu par l’État sous le nom de « politiques multiculturelles », est dénué de tout son sens philosophique originel pour servir à un moyen efficace en faveur de politiques d’assimilation à la coréenne, destinées à une certaine catégorie d’étrangers, soit les immigrés du mariage.
De Stringer et Parcours santé à La position du missionnaire : la position du scénariste et du romancier
Authors: Osganian Patricia 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Jean-Paul Jody est né à Nantes. Après avoir vécu de petits boulots, vendu des voitures en Afrique, parcouru le monde, il devient accompagnateur de voyages puis formateur-consultant spécialisé dans la psychologie des intérêts. Parallèlement il écrit des romans et des scénarii : Une femme rêvée réalisé pour TF1, Stringer réalisé à New York par Klaus Biedermann avec Burt Reynolds dans le rôle principal. Il anime aujourd’hui des ateliers d’écriture. Il est aussi l’auteur de Parcours Santé (Actes Sud, 2001), La position du missionnaire (Les Contrebandiers Editeurs, Prix Polar de Cognac 2004), Chères toxines (Seuil, 2008), La route de Gakona (Seuil, 2009), Vingt mille vieux sur les nerfs (Le Poulpe, Baleine, 2010). Mouvements est allé à sa rencontre pour tenter de comprendre le lien entre écriture de scénario et de roman.
La figure du serial killer : romans en série et séries TV, entretien avec Franck Thilliez
Authors: Osganian Patricia 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Franck Thilliez est écrivain, auteur de thrillers qui sont rapidement devenus des best-sellers. De ses premiers romans construits autour des figures de tueurs en série jusqu’aux évolutions les plus récentes, à la frontière du fantastique, voire de la science-fiction, il met en scène les arcanes de la psyché et poursuit inlassablement une réflexion autour de la question du mal et des pulsions. Ses deux derniers romans parus aux éditions Fleuve Noir : Le syndrome E (octobre 2010) et Gataca (avril 2011) forment un diptyque sur la violence.
Un film social habillé de noir
Authors: Perriaux Anne-Sophie , Osganian Patricia , Flory Julienne 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Jacques Fansten est connu des cinéphiles pour La fracture du myocarde, avec Jacques Bonnaffé, sorti en 1991. Il l’est aussi des téléspectateurs du service public pour de nombreuses fictions, dont, coécrite avec Jean-Claude Grumberg, Les lendemains qui chantent (France 2, 1985) ou Les Frileux (France 3, 2010), avec Maruschka Detmers. Mais on ignore souvent que ce cinéaste prolixe, tenant d’un cinéma subtilement social et politique, est aussi un auteur et parfois un producteur. Outre son goût pour « le noir », c’est cette position originale qui nous a donné l’envie d’une conversation.
« Impressions d'Afrique »
Authors: Osganian Patricia 
Published: September 2011

Caryl Férey est écrivain, auteur de thrillers politiques, avec notamment une trilogie à succès mettant en scène la situation de minorités ethniques : Haka , Utu , avec les Maories en Nouvelle-Zélande, et Zulu . Le roman décrit le contexte post-apartheid en Afrique du Sud, à la veille de la coupe du monde de football, illustrant le sort de la minorité zouloue. Mouvements est parti à sa rencontre pour revenir sur l’itinéraire d’un écrivain dont la genèse de l’œuvre reste fortement marquée par une réflexion sur le postcolonialisme et la dénonciation de l’oppression, proposant du même coup une vision singulière de la violence. Caryl Férey a été lauréat de nombreux prix littéraires pour Utu et Zulu a obtenu les plus grands prix du roman noir français.
Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) Decreases Mortality and Organ Injury in Sepsis
Authors: Haskó György , Csóka Balázs , Koscsó Balázs , Chandra Rachna , Pacher Pál , Thompson Linda F. , Deitch Edwin A. , Spolarics Zoltán , Virág László , Gergely Pál , Rolandelli Rolando H. , Németh Zoltán H. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The extracellular concentrations of adenosine are increased during sepsis, and adenosine receptors regulate the host’s response to sepsis. In this study, we investigated the role of the adenosine-generating ectoenzyme, ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73), in regulating immune and organ function during sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by subjecting CD73 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice to cecal ligation and puncture. CD73 KO mice showed increased mortality in comparison with WT mice, which was associated with increased bacterial counts and elevated inflammatory cytokine and chemokine concentrations in the blood and peritoneum. CD73 deficiency promoted lung injury, as indicated by increased myeloperoxidase activity and neutrophil infiltration, and elevated pulmonary cytokine levels. CD73 KO mice had increased apoptosis in the thymus, as evidenced by increased cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and increased activation of NF-κB. Septic CD73 KO mice had higher blood urea nitrogen levels and increased cytokine levels in the kidney, indicating increased renal dysfunction. The increased kidney injury of CD73 KO mice was associated with augmented activation of p38 MAPK and decreased phosphorylation of Akt. Pharmacological inactivation of CD73 in WT mice using α, β-methylene ADP augmented cytokine levels in the blood and peritoneal lavage fluid. These findings suggest that CD73-derived adenosine may be beneficial in sepsis.
Anti-CD180 (RP105) Activates B Cells To Rapidly Produce Polyclonal Ig via a T Cell and MyD88-Independent Pathway
Authors: Chaplin Jay W. , Kasahara Shinji , Clark Edward A. , Ledbetter Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCD180 is homologous to TLR4 and regulates TLR4 signaling, yet its function is unclear. We report that injection of anti-CD180 mAb into mice induced rapid Ig production of all classes and subclasses, with the exception of IgA and IgG2b, with up to 50-fold increases in serum IgG1 and IgG3. IgG production after anti-CD180 injection was not due to reactivation of memory B cells and was retained in T cell-deficient (TCR knockout [KO]), CD40 KO, IL-4 KO, and MyD88 KO mice. Anti-CD180 rapidly increased both transitional and mature B cells, with especially robust increases in transitional B cell number, marginal zone B cell proliferation, and CD86, but not CD80, expression. In contrast, anti-CD40 induced primarily follicular B cell and myeloid expansion, with increases in expression of CD80 and CD95 but not CD86. The expansion of splenic B cells was due, in part, to proliferation and occurred in wild-type and TCR KO mice, whereas T cell expansion occurred in wild-type, but not in B cell-deficient, mice, indicating a direct role for B cells in CD180 stimulation in vivo. Combination of anti-CD180 with various MyD88-dependent TLR ligands biased B cell fate because coinjection diminished Ig production, but purified B cells exhibited synergistic proliferation. Anti-CD180 had no effect on cytokine production from B cells, but it increased IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α production in combination with LPS or CpG. Thus, CD180 stimulation induces intrinsic B cell proliferation and differentiation, causing rapid increases in IgG, and integrates MyD88-dependent TLR signals to regulate proliferation, cytokine production, and differentiation.
Deletion of Syk in Neutrophils Prevents Immune Complex Arthritis
Authors: Elliott Emily R. , Van Ziffle Jessica A. , Scapini Patrizia , Sullivan Brandon M. , Locksley Richard M. , Lowell Clifford A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe K/BxN serum transfer model of arthritis is critically dependent on FcγR signaling events mediated by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). However, the specific cell types in which this signaling is required are not known. We report that deletion of Syk in neutrophils, achieved using sykf/f MRP8-cre+ mice, blocks disease development in serum transfer arthritis. The sykf/f MRP8-cre+ mice display absent joint disease and reduced deposition of pathogenic anti–glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Abs in the joint (with a reciprocal accumulation of these Abs in the peripheral circulation). Additionally, sykf/f MRP8-cre+ mice manifest poor edema formation within 3 h after formation of cutaneous immune complexes (Arthus reaction). Together, this suggests that neutrophil-dependent recognition of immune complexes contributes significantly to changes in vascular permeability during the early phases of immune complex disease. Using mixed chimeric mice, containing both wild-type and sykf/f MRP8-cre+ neutrophils, we find no impairment in recruitment of Syk-deficient neutrophils to the inflamed joint, but they fail to become primed, demonstrating lower cytokine production after removal from the joint. They also display an increased apoptotic rate compared with wild-type cells in the same joint. Mast cell-deficient c-kitsh/sh mice developed robust arthritis after serum transfer whereas c-kitW/Wv mice did not, suggesting that previous conclusions concerning the central role of mast cells in this model may need to be revised. Basophil-deficient mice also responded normally to K/BxN serum transfer. These results demonstrate that Syk-dependent signaling in neutrophils alone is critically required for arthritis development in the serum transfer model.
Th17 Cytokines Are Critical for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Airway Hyperreponsiveness through Regulation by Complement C3a and Tachykinins
Authors: Bera Monali M. , Lu Bao , Martin Thomas R. , Cui Shun , Rhein Lawrence M. , Gerard Craig , Gerard Norma P. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with serious lung disease in infants and immunocompromised individuals and is linked to development of asthma. In mice, acute RSV infection causes airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion. Infected cells induce complement activation, producing the anaphylatoxin C3a. In this paper, we show RSV-infected wild-type mice produce Th17 cytokines, a response not previously associated with viral infections. Mice deficient in the C3aR fail to develop AHR following acute RSV infection, and production of Th17 cytokines was significantly attenuated. Tachykinin production also has been implicated in RSV pathophysiology, and tachykinin receptor-null mice were similarly protected from developing AHR. These animals were also deficient in production of Th17 cytokines. Tachykinin release was absent in mice deficient in C3aR, whereas C3a levels were unchanged in tachykinin receptor-null animals. Thus, our data reveal a crucial sequence following acute RSV infection where initial C3a production causes tachykinin release, followed by activation of the IL-17A pathway. Deficiency of either receptor affords protection from AHR, identifying two potential therapeutic targets.