bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Fusion Model Based on Carotid Plaques and White Matter Lesion Burden Imaging Characteristics to Evaluate Ischemic Stroke Severity in Symptomatic Patients
Authors: Cui Zhimeng , Xu Siting , Miu Jiali , Tang Ye , Pan Lei , Cao Xin , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe diagnostic value of carotid plaque characteristics based on higher–resolution vessel wall MRI (HRVW‐MRI) combined with white matter lesion (WML) burden for the risk of ischemic stroke is unclear.PurposeTo combine carotid plaque features and WML burden to construct a hybrid model for evaluating ischemic stroke severity and prognosis in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsOne hundred and ninty‐three patients with least one confirmed carotid atherosclerotic stenosis ≥30% and cerebrovascular symptoms within the last 2 weeks (136 in the training cohort and 57 in the test cohort).Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, T2‐weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2‐FLAIR) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI); HRVW‐MRI: 3D T1‐weighted variable flip angle fast spin‐echo sequences (VISTA), T2‐weighted VISTA, simultaneous noncontrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (SNAP), and contrast‐enhanced T1‐VISTA.AssessmentThe following features of the plaques or vessel wall were assessed by three MRI readers independently: calcification (CA), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), lipid‐rich necrotic core (LRNC), ulceration, plaque enhancement (PE), maximum vessel diameter (Max VD), maximum wall thickness (Max WT), total vessel area (TVA), lumen area (LA), plaque volume, and lumen stenosis. WMLs were graded visually and categorized as absent‐to‐mild WMLs (Fazekas score 0–2) or moderate–severe WMLs (Fazekas score 3–6). WML volumes were quantified using a semiautomated volumetric analysis program. Modified Rankin scores (mRS) were assessed at 90 days, following an outpatient interview, or by telephone.Statistical TestsLASSO‐logistic regression analysis was performed to construct a model. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, calibration curves, decision curve analyses, and clinical imaging curves. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations between the hybrid model‐derived score and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days.ResultsThe model was constructed using five selected features, including IPH, plaque enhancement, ulceration, NWI, and total Fazekas score in deep WMLs (DWMLs). The hybrid model yielded an area under the curve of 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.97) in the training cohort and 0.88 (0.80–0.96) in the test cohort. Furthermore, the hybrid model‐derived score (odds ratio = 1.28; 95% CI 1.06–1.53) was independently associated with the mRS score 90 days after stroke.Data ConclusionsThe hybrid model constructed using MRI plaque characteristics and WML burden has potential to be an effective noninvasive method of assessing ischemic stroke severity. The model‐derived score has promising utility in judging neurological function recovery.Level of Evidence4.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
In‐Electrospray source Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange coupled to multistage fragmentation for the investigation of the protonation and fragmentation pathways of gas phase ions
Authors: Kostyukevich Yury , Osipenko Sergey , Borisova Liudmila , Kireev Albert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIdentification of molecules in complex natural matrices relies on matching the fragmentation spectra of ions under investigation and the spectra acquired for the corresponding analytical standards. Currently, there are many databases of experimentally measured tandem mass spectrometry spectra (such as NIST, MzCloud, and Metlin), and considerable progress has been made in the development of software for predicting tandem mass spectrometry fragments in silico using combinatorial, machine learning, and quantum chemistry approaches (such as MetFrag, CFM‐ID, and QCxMS). However, the electrospray ionization molecules can be ionized at different sites (protonated or deprotonated), and the fragmentation spectra of such ions are different. Here, we are using the combination of the in‐ESI source hydrogen/deuterium exchange reaction and MSn fragmentation for the investigation of the fragmentation pathways for different protomers of organic molecules. It is shown that the distribution of the deuterium in the fragment ions reflects the presence of different protomers. For several molecules, the distribution of deuterium was traced up to the MS5 level of fragmentation revealing many unusual and unexpected effects. For example, we investigated the loss of HF from the ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin ions and observed that for ions protonated at –COOH group, the eliminating hydrogen always comes from –NH group. When ions are protonated at another site, the elimination of hydrogen with a probability of 30% occurs from the –NH group, and with a probability of 70%, it originates from other sites on the molecule. Such effects were not described previously. Quantum chemical simulation was used for the verification of the protonated structures and simulation of the corresponding fragmentation spectra.
Spatiotemporal characteristics of deep convection initiation in the Central United States
Authors: Shield Stephen A. , Houston Adam L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of deep convection initiation (DCI) using a dataset of approximately 182,000 instances of DCI occurring over an 11‐year period in the Central United States. Spatial statistical analysis reveals differences in the frequency of DCI occurrence across the study area. Favoured areas of DCI are most common across areas of higher terrain and in proximity to the Gulf Coast, while DCI occurs less frequently over the northern Great Plains. Spatial differences in the degree of interannual variability of DCI are also noted, with higher (lower) interannual variability generally noted in areas of less (more) frequent DCI occurrence. Unsupervised machine learning is utilized to identify spatial variability in the diurnal cycle of DCI. The data and methods in this study are able to reliably identify more obvious differences in diurnal time series of DCI occurrence, while more subtle differences such as those resulting from localized or weaker mechanisms are identified less reliably. However, from these results it is obvious that spatial variability in the diurnal time series of DCI exists.
Impact of simultaneous increase in CO2 and temperature on soil aggregates, associated organic carbon, and nutritional quality of rice–wheat grains
Authors: Rao Karnena Koteswara , Dwivedi Sharad Kumar , Kumar Santosh , Samal Saubhagya Kumar , Singh N. Raju , Mishra Janki Sharan , Prakash Ved , Choubey Anup Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Bhatt Bhagwati Prasad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFood and nutritional security remain a major thrust area in the under developed and developing countries. These problems are exaggerated by the unprecedented challenges of climate change.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on grain quality of wheat and rice genotypes as well as their effect on soil aggregate fractions and aggregate associated carbon.MethodologyIn the context, the present study was formulated by considering four predicted climate scenarios, namely, T0C0 (ambient condition), T0C1 (approx. 25% higher CO2), T1C0 (2°C higher temperature) and T1C1 (25% higher CO2 + 2°C higher temperature) and their impact on grain quality of wheat (HD2967, HD2733, DBW17, and HD3093) and rice (IR83376‐B‐B‐24‐2, IR84895‐B‐127‐CRA‐5‐1‐1, R Bhagwati, and IR64) genotypes as well as soil aggregate fractions and aggregate associated carbon.ResultsThe result revealed that T0C1 has a negative impact on grain nitrogen and protein content. On an average, nitrogen content in wheat and rice showed a decrease of about 15.55% (5.52%–25.32%) and 11.44% (3.33%–23.86%), respectively. Interestingly, the concurrent effect of elevated CO2 and temperature resulted in higher nitrogen and protein content as compared to other climate conditions. Further, P (P) content in the wheat and rice grains also improved under the elevated CO2 condition, whereas the content of potassium was not significantly influenced. Apart from major nutrients, micronutrients (Zn and Fe) were significantly influenced by climatic variables. The study revealed that grain Zn and Fe content of both the crops were reduced due to elevated CO2. The data on soil aggregate fractions revealed that elevated CO2 favors the formation of macro‐aggregate, whereas an increase in temperature favors micro‐aggregate fractions in the soil. Further, the elevation of CO2 also resulted in the accumulation of more carbon in the macro‐aggregates.ConclusionWe conclude that elevated CO2 and temperature cause specific changes in soil aggregate formation and grain nutrient quality. Based on molar ratio of P/Zn and P/Fe, we identified varieties of rice (IR83376‐B‐B‐24‐2) and wheat (HD2733) with higher bioavailability to address the nutritional security with changing climate in developing countries.
An active‐matrix microLED display based on monolithic integration with IGZO backplane
Authors: Durnan Oliver , Kumar Vikrant , Alshanbari Reem , Noga Megan , Kymissis Ioannis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a method of monolithically integrating gallium nitride micrometer‐scale light‐emitting diodes (microLEDs) with an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane to produce an active‐matrix microdisplay. After discussion of the fabrication process, individual LEDs, TFTs, and the integrated system are characterized. Results demonstrate a 32 × 32 pixel, 78.4 PPI microdisplay with luminance exceeding 1500 nits. The dynamic set and hold behaviors of the active‐matrix pixel circuit are analyzed to verify the applicability of this technology for use in high and low refresh rate displays.
An OLED display driver IC with high‐gain fast‐slew circuit and on‐the‐fly self‐repair technique for high‐resolution display
Authors: Jo Yun‐Rae , Yu Chanbong , Kim Jungmoon , Eom Jeeyeon , Choi Jeonghoon , Jang Yunseok , Lee Woo‐Nyoung , Lee Jihyun , Lim Hyun‐Wook , Kim Siwoo , Lee Jae‐Youl 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an OLED display driver IC with high‐gain fast‐slew (HGFS) and on‐the‐fly self‐repair (OFSR) circuits for a spatial resolution of WQHD and a frame rate of 120 Hz. The proposed HGFS circuit increases the slewing current of the unity‐gain amplifier of the source driver when the input voltage is largely changed, reducing the settling time of the source driver as the resolution and frame rate increase. To enhance image quality by correcting line defects, the OFSR circuit replaces a faulty channel with a spare dummy channel. The OLED display driver IC was manufactured using a 28‐nm high‐voltage process with 8 V/20 V transistors and has 2880 source drivers for WQHD display. The measurement results indicate a horizontal line time of 2.7 μs with a slew rate of 7.675 V/μs, supporting WQHD resolution and 120‐Hz frame rate. The displayed image demonstrates that the vertical line defect has disappeared with the use of OFSR.
Identification of dominant subspaces for model reduction of structured parametric systems
Authors: Benner Peter , Goyal Pawan , Pontes Duff Igor 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn this paper, we discuss a novel model reduction framework for linear structured dynamical systems. The transfer functions of these systems are assumed to have a special structure, for example, coming from second‐order linear systems or time‐delay systems, and they may also have parameter dependencies. Firstly, we investigate the connection between classic interpolation‐based model reduction methods with the reachability and observability subspaces of linear structured parametric systems. We show that if enough interpolation points are taken, the projection matrices of interpolation‐based model reduction encode these subspaces. Consequently, we are able to identify the dominant reachable and observable subspaces of the underlying system. Based on this, we propose a new model reduction algorithm combining these features and leading to reduced‐order systems. Furthermore, we discuss computational aspects of the approach and its applicability to a large‐scale setting. We illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach with several numerical large‐scale benchmark examples.
High prevalence of severe pain is associated with low opioid availability in patients with advanced cancer: Combined database study and nationwide questionnaire survey in Japan
Authors: Hasegawa‐Moriyama Maiko , Morioka Yasuhide , Hiroi Shinzo , Naya Noriyuki , Suzuki Yura , Koretaka Yuichi , Hara Erina , Abe Hiroaki , Uchida Kanji , Sumitani Masahiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesOpioid availability for the palliative care of patients with advanced cancer is increasing globally. However, opioid availability remains extremely low in Japan. We investigated whether pain is appropriately controlled by low‐dose opioid prescriptions in patients with advanced cancer in Japan.MethodsA web‐based nationwide survey for caregivers from 2000 community comprehensive support care centers was performed in Japan to assess details about pain in the 30 days before patients died of end‐stage cancer. Separately, the data for opioid prescription doses and medical services in the 90 days before the death of patients with cancer were extracted from a health insurance claim database.ResultsResponses from 1034 responders were retrieved and 665 patients were included. In total, 254 patients (38.2%) complained of severe‐to‐intolerable cancer‐related pain. The median cumulative prescription dose of opioids in the 90 days before patient death was 311.0 mg by oral morphine equivalent doses. Multiple regression analyses across prefectures revealed that the proportion of patients with severe‐to‐intolerable cancer‐related pain was negatively associated with the cumulative opioid consumption expressed as morphine‐equivalent doses within 90 days before death.ConclusionsThe very low availability of opioids for patients with end‐stage cancer could result in high rate of severe‐to‐intolerable cancer‐related pain patients. There were several limitations in this study, and the interpretations of the findings should be carefully. However, the increase in the absolute dose of opioids could improve the palliative care framework to the pain control levels of the global standard.
Amine Functionalization of Channels of Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Effective Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide: A Comparative Study with Three Newly Designed Porous Networks
Authors: Moi Rajib , Bedi Swati , Biradha Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCatalytic transformation of CO2 into value‐added chemical products can provide an appropriate solution for the raising environmental issues. To date, various metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with transition metal ions have been explored for CO2 capture and conversion, but alkaline earth metal‐based MOFs are comparatively less studied. Metal ions like Sr(II) having relatively large radius give rise to a high coordination number resulting in higher stability of the MOFs. Moreover, the introduction of N‐rich functional group in organic linker like −NH2, −CONH− and triazole into MOF backbone enhance their CO2 capture and conversion efficiency. Herein, the effect of amine group on the catalytic efficiency of MOFs for CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides under solvent free and ambient conditions are presented. The di‐carboxylates, such as 5‐aminoisophthalate (AmIP) and 5‐bromoisophthalate (BrIP) were utilized to synthesize Sr(II) based MOFs. The Zn(II) MOF was synthesized using tetra‐carboxylate containing amide spacer (OAT) and 4‐amino‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole (AMT). All three MOFs exhibited porous networks with guest available volume ranging from 15 to 58 %. The catalytic efficiency of the MOFs towards carbon dioxide fixation reaction was explored. The catalytic performances revealed that the presence of amine group in the channels enhances the catalytic efficiency of the MOFs.
Modulation of long noncoding RNAs by polyphenols as a novel potential therapeutic approach in lung cancer: A comprehensive review
Authors: Lv Hong , Qian Dawei , Xu Shuhua , Fan Guiqin , Qian Qiuhong , Cha Dongsheng , Qian Xingjia , Zhou Guoping , Lu Bing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLung cancer stands as a formidable global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Polyphenols, bioactive compounds synthesized by plants, have garnered attention for their diverse health benefits, particularly in combating various cancers, including lung cancer. The advent of whole‐genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies has illuminated the pivotal roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), operating at epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels, in cancer progression. This review comprehensively explores the impact of polyphenols on both oncogenic and tumor‐suppressive lncRNAs in lung cancer, elucidating on their intricate regulatory mechanisms. The comprehensive examination extends to the potential synergies when combining polyphenols with conventional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. Recognizing the heterogeneity of lung cancer subtypes, the review emphasizes the need for the integration of nanotechnology for optimized polyphenol delivery and personalized therapeutic approaches. In conclusion, we collect the latest research, offering a holistic overview of the evolving landscape of polyphenol‐mediated modulation of lncRNAs in lung cancer therapy. The integration of polyphenols and lncRNAs into multidimensional treatment strategies holds promise for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and navigating the challenges associated with lung cancer treatment.
Landscape influences on thermal sensitivity and predicted spatial variability among brook trout streams in the southeastern USA
Authors: Valentine George P. , Lu Xinyi , Dolloff C. Andrew , Roghair Craig N. , Rash Jacob M. , Hooten Mevin B. , Kanno Yoichiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWarming water temperatures as a result of climate change pose a major threat to coldwater organisms. However, the rate of warming is not spatially uniform due to surface‐ground‐water interactions and stream and watershed characteristics. Coldwater habitats that are most resistant to warming serve as thermal refugia and identifying their locations is critical to regional aquatic conservation planning. We quantified the thermal sensitivity of 203 streams providing current and potential habitat for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) across nearly 1000 linear km of their native range in the southern and central Appalachian Mountains region, USA, and characterized their spatial variability with landscape variables available in the National Hydrography Dataset. Using the Bayesian framework, we calculated the maximum slope of the logistic function relating paired weekly mean air temperature and stream temperature as an index of stream thermal sensitivity. Streams differed greatly in thermal sensitivity and those with more resistant water temperature regimes (i.e., thermal refugia) were consistently characterized by southerly latitudes and groundwater input. Landscape variables derived from a principal component analysis explained 16% of the variation in thermal sensitivity, indicating that the existing landscape variables were modestly successful in explaining spatial thermal heterogeneity. Using our model and spatial interpolation, we predicted thermal sensitivity at 8695 stream segments potentially suitable for brook trout in the study region. Thermal refugia were more common southward presumably due to higher elevations, but elsewhere they were also clustered at finer spatial scales. Our analysis informs prioritizing habitat conservation and restoration of this native salmonid and other aquatic organisms that depend on coldwater habitats in a warming world.
Reengineering of an Artificial Protein Cage for Efficient Packaging of Active Enzymes
Authors: Azuma Yusuke , Gaweł Szymon , Pasternak Monika , Woźnicka Olga , Pyza Elżbieta , Heddle Jonathan G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProtein cages that readily encapsulate active enzymes of interest present useful nanotools for delivery and catalysis, wherein those with programmable disassembly characteristics serve as particularly attractive platforms. Here, a general guest packaging system based on an artificial protein cage, TRAP‐cage, the disassembly of which can be induced by the addition of reducing agents, is established. In this system, TRAP‐cage with SpyCatcher moieties in the lumen is prepared using genetic modification of the protein building block and assembled into a cage structure with either monovalent gold ions or molecular crosslinkers. The resulting protein cage can efficiently capture guest proteins equipped with a SpyTag by simply mixing them in an aqueous solution. This post‐assembly loading system, which circumvents the exposure of guests to thiol‐reactive crosslinkers, enables the packaging of enzymes possessing a catalytic cysteine or a metal cofactor while retaining their catalytic activity.
Copper‐Nanoparticle‐Decorated Hydrothermal Carbonaceous Carbon–Polydimethylsiloxane Nanocomposites: Unveiling Potential in Simultaneous Light‐Driven Interfacial Water Evaporation and Power Generation
Authors: Fattahimoghaddam Hossein , Kim In Ho , Dhandapani Keerthnasre , Jeong Yong Jin , An Tae Kyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a hydrothermal synthesis method that uses glucose and Cu2+ ions to create a Cu‐nanoparticle (NP)‐decorated hydrothermal carbonaceous carbon hybrid material (Cu–HTCC). Glucose serves both as a reducing agent, efficiently transforming Cu2+ ions into elemental Cu nanostructures, and as a precursor for HTCC microstructures. An enhanced plasmon‐induced electric field resulting from Cu NPs supported on microstructure matrices, coupled with a distinctive localized π‐electronic configuration in the hybrid material, as confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis, lead to the heightened optical absorption in the visible–near‐infrared range. Consequently, flexible nanocomposites of Cu–HTCC/PDMS and Cu–HTCC@PDMS (PDMS = polydimethylsiloxane) are designed as 2 and 3D structures, respectively, that exhibit broad‐spectrum solar absorption. These composites promise efficient photo‐assisted thermoelectric power generation and water evaporation, demonstrating commendable mechanical stability and flexibility. Notably, the Cu–HTCC@PDMS composite sponge simultaneously exhibits commendable efficiency in both water evaporation (1.47 kg m−2 h−1) and power generation (32.1 mV) under 1 sunlight illumination. These findings unveil new possibilities for innovative photothermal functional materials in diverse solar‐driven applications.