bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic aspects and biometry of Striped owl’s eyes (Rhinoptynx clamator)
Authors: Squarzoni Renata , Perlmann Eduardo , Antunes Andrea , Milanelo Liliane , De Moraes Barros Paulo Sérgio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective To report the biometric values and ultrasonographic aspects of the normal eye of the Striped owl (Rhinoptynx clamator).Sample population Twenty‐seven healthy, free‐living, adult Striped owls from the Ecological Park of Tiete Veterinary Ambulatory (Sao Paulo, Brazil).Procedures Both eyes of all owls underwent B‐mode ultrasonographic examination and biometry was performed for lens axial length (WL), depth of the anterior (AC) and vitreous (VC) chambers, axial length of the globe (LB) and the pecten oculi (LP) of both eyes, using a 12 MHz probe. The owls were manually restrained without sedation and the eyes were topically anesthetized.Results Biometric and statistical findings were as follows: in the left eye, the means and standard deviations were: LB = 23.76 ± 0.92 mm, WL = 7.79 ± 0.27 mm, AC = 4.27 ± 0.47 mm, VC = 11.36 ± 0.29 mm and LP = 5.69 ± 0.50 mm; in the right eye, the values were: LB = 24.25 ± 0.79 mm, WL = 8.03 ± 0.40 mm, AC = 4.56 ± 0.52 mm, VC = 11.40 ± 0.25 mm, and LP = 5.68 ± 0.41 mm. No significant differences were found between left and right eyes measurements of LB, WL, AC, VC, and LP dimensions.Conclusions Ocular ultrasound aspects and biometric values of the Striped owl are reported. The study’s results provide means for various ocular measurements. The ultrasound is an easy and safe exam to be performed in the Striped owl’s eyes.
Delayed haemorrhage after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: frequency and angiographic findings
Authors: Montag Sylvia , Rais‐Bahrami Soroush , Seideman Casey A. , Rastinehad Ardeshir R. , Vira Manish A. , Kavoussi Louis R. , Richstone Lee 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Delayed haemorrhage has not been well defined in the literature, clinical presentation has not been well described and treatment algorithms are lacking. From our experience we have shown that patients presenting with delayed bleeding after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy will need definitive rather than conservative treatment and angiographic findings demonstrate definitive lesions in all cases. Potential benefits include faster diagnosis and initiation of definitive treatment (angiography with embolization), avoiding repeat computed tomography imaging as it adds little in such patients and reducing need for prolonged hospitalization.OBJECTIVES• To determine the frequency of delayed postoperative haemorrhage requiring selective angioembolization (SAE) after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).• To describe the clinical presentation and characterize the angiographic findings encountered in this setting.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Prospective data from 640 LPNs performed between August 1993 and May 2009 were retrospectively analyzed, from which patients with delayed postoperative haemorrhage (defined as ‘gross haematuria ≥7 days postoperatively that persists for more than 24 h’) and requiring SAE were identified.• Clinicopathological, preoperative and perioperative factors were reviewed.• Selective catheterization and angiography of the renal artery was performed for persistent gross haematuria and for haemodynamic instability associated with a significant drop in haematocrit level.• Arteries feeding the bleeding site were identified and embolized with endovascular coils.RESULTS• Patients presented with delayed haemorrhage between 7 and 30 days after surgery. SAE was required in 13 patients (2%) for delayed postoperative bleeding.• Of the 640 LPNs, 68 (10.6%) were performed without hilar occlusion (‘off‐clamp’) of whom one (1.5%) had a delayed haemorrhage, which was successfully embolized.• For patients with and without delayed haemorrhage after LPN, the mean tumour size was 2.7 cm and 3.3 cm (P= 0.31), the mean warm ischaemia time was 28.2 min and 14.3 min (P < 0.001), and the mean estimated blood loss 403.8 mL and 308.2 mL (P= 0.26), respectively.• Percutaneous angiography showed renal artery pseudoaneurysm in 10 patients and arterial contrast extravasation in three patients, two of whom also had an arteriovenous fistula.• Following embolization, creatinine levels remained stable in all patients.CONCLUSIONS• Clinically significant delayed postoperative bleeding after LPN occurs in a small percentage of patients.• Angiography will accurately make the diagnosis of RAP or AVF and SAE is safe and effective procedure that allows for preservation of renal function.
Glycaemic variability is associated with coronary artery calcium in men with Type 1 diabetes: the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study
Authors: Snell‐Bergeon J. K. , Roman R. , Rodbard D. , Garg S. , Maahs D. M. , Schauer I. E. , Bergman B. C. , Kinney G. L. , Rewers M. 
Published: September 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1436–1442 (2010)AbstractAims  We investigated coronary artery calcium in association with glucose levels and variability measured using continuous glucose monitoring in adults with Type 1 diabetes in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study.Methods  Coronary artery calcium was measured by electron beam tomography. The presence of any coronary artery calcium was analysed with respect to glucose levels [meanT (mean glucose), % of values < 3.9 mmol/l, > 10 mmol/l and either < 3.9 or > 10 mmol/l] and glycaemic variability [sdT (sd of all glucose values); sddm (sd of the daily mean glucose levels) and sdhh:mm (glucose sd for a specified time of day, over all days)] using 3–5 days of continuous glucose monitoring from 75 subjects (45 women, 30 men), age 42 ± 9 years (mean ± sd) and diabetes duration of 29 ± 8 years using logistic regression.Results  We observed significant associations between coronary artery calcium and meanT (OR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.1–18.6), % of values > 10 mmol/l (OR = 5.5, 95% CI 1.3–22.6), % of measures < 3.9 or > 10 mmol/l (OR = 5.7, 95% CI 1.3–24.9), sdT (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.1–19.7), sddm (OR = 6.0, 95% CI 1.2–30.4) and sdhh:mm (OR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.1–15.4), among men, but none of these variables were associated with the presence of coronary artery calcium in women.Conclusions  We report the novel finding that subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with glucose levels and variability in men with Type 1 diabetes. The relationship of coronary artery calcium and glucose variability in Type 1 diabetes, and potential gender differences in this association, deserve further study.
Determinants of blood glucose and insulin in healthy 9‐month‐old term Danish infants; the SKOT cohort
Authors: Madsen A. L. , Schack‐Nielsen L. , Larnkjær A. , Mølgaard C. , Michaelsen K. F. 
Published: September 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1350–1357 (2010)AbstractAims  Insulin secretion is important for early regulation of growth, but high insulin concentration is also a risk factor for insulin resistance later in life. It is therefore important to better understand how insulin and glucose are associated with early diet and growth. The aim of this study was to examine blood glucose and insulin concentration in relation to anthropometric measurements, growth, breastfeeding practice and complementary feeding in 9‐month‐old infants.Methods  This was a cross‐sectional study (SKOT cohort), examining 312 healthy term infants from the age of 9 months. Of these, 265 infants had data on insulin and glucose and were included in this study. Measurements include weight, length, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, 7‐day food records, 2‐h fasting venous glucose and insulin analysis, and questionnaire.Results  At 9 months of age there was a strong negative association between number of breastfeedings per day and insulin concentration (P = 0.0015). Insulin concentration was positively associated to waist circumference (P = 0.042) and change in Z‐score for weight‐for‐age between 5 and 9 months (P = 0.004). Glucose concentration was positively associated to subscapular skinfold (P = 0.002) and sum of skinfolds thicknesses (P = 0.006).Conclusion  At 9 months, breastfeeding still had a strong negative effect on insulin concentrations, which were positively associated with weight gain and current waist circumference, while glucose concentrations were associated with subcutaneous fat. These results are of interest in disentangling the association between early growth and later risk of disease.
A Psychologically Based Model of Voter Turnout
Authors: LI MING , MAJUMDAR DIPJYOTI 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe analyze a psychologically based model of voter turnout. Potential voters experience regret if they fail to vote, which is the motivation for participation in voting. Regret from abstention is inversely related to the margin of victory. Voters on the winner's side experience less regret than those on the loser's side. We show that the unique equilibrium involves positive voter turnout. We show that the losing side has higher turnout. In addition, voter turnout is positively related to importance of the election and the competitiveness of the election. We also consider scenarios in which voters are uncertain about the composition of the electorate's political preferences and show similar phenomena emerge.
Measuring Inequality Using Censored Data: A Multiple-Imputation Approach to Estimation and Inference
Authors: Jenkins Stephen P. , Burkhauser Richard V. , Feng Shuaizhang , Larrimore Jeff 
Published: September 2010

SummaryTo measure income inequality with right-censored (top-coded) data, we propose multiple-imputation methods for estimation and inference. Censored observations are multiply imputed using draws from a flexible parametric model fitted to the censored distribution, yielding a partially synthetic data set from which point and variance estimates can be derived using complete-data methods and appropriate combination formulae. The methods are illustrated using US Current Population Survey data and the generalized beta of the second kind distribution as the imputation model. With Current Population Survey internal data, we find few statistically significant differences in income inequality for pairs of years between 1995 and 2004. We also show that using Current Population Survey public use data with cell mean imputations may lead to incorrect inferences. Multiply-imputed public use data provide an intermediate solution.
A Multiresolution Approach to Time Warping Achieved by a Bayesian Prior–Posterior Transfer Fitting Strategy
Authors: Claeskens Gerda , Silverman Bernard W. , Slaets Leen 
Published: September 2010

SummaryWarping is an approach to the reduction and analysis of phase variability in functional observations, by applying a smooth bijection to the function argument. We propose a natural representation of warping functions in terms of a new type of elementary functions named ‘warping component functions’, or ‘warplets’, which are combined into the warping function by composition. The inverse warping function is trivial and explicit to obtain. A sequential Bayesian estimation strategy is introduced which fits a series of models and transfers the posterior of the previous fit into the prior of the next fit. Model selection is based on a warping analogue to wavelet thresholding, combined with Bayesian inference.
Combination of skin, joint and quality of life outcomes with etanercept in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in the PRESTA trial
Authors: Prinz JC , FitzGerald O , Boggs RL , Foehl J , Robertson D , Pedersen R , Molta CT , Freundlich B 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) affect skin, and/or joints and quality of life (QoL).Objective  To better assess the success in multiple attributes in subjects with both active psoriasis and PsA, the objective was to quantify the proportion of those who achieved substantial improvement in a composite measure of skin symptoms, joint manifestations, and QoL, on one of two treatment regimens.Methods  Subjects (n = 752) with psoriasis and PsA (mean age: 46.5 years, 62.9% male) received etanercept (ETN) 50 mg twice weekly (BIW; n = 379) or 50 mg weekly (QW; n = 373) for 12 weeks, followed by open‐label ETN 50 mg QW for 12 weeks. Skin and joint symptoms and QoL were assessed using psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR) and Euro‐QoL (EQ‐5D), respectively.Results  By week 24, 30.6% and 25.8% of subjects receiving ETN 50 mg BIW/QW and ETN 50 mg QW/QW, respectively (P = 0.198) achieved the composite measure of efficacy for skin plus joints plus QoL (PASI 75 + ACR 50 + EQ‐5D VAS >82).Conclusion  At 24 weeks, 25.8–30.6% met the triad of rigorous efficacy outcomes. Evaluation of treatment efficacy should address the multiple components of this disease complex; therefore it may be important to consider this composite measure in future trials.
The adult human pubic symphysis: a systematic review
Authors: Becker Ines , Woodley Stephanie J. , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe pubic symphysis is a unique joint consisting of a fibrocartilaginous disc sandwiched between the articular surfaces of the pubic bones. It resists tensile, shearing and compressive forces and is capable of a small amount of movement under physiological conditions in most adults (up to 2 mm shift and 1° rotation). During pregnancy, circulating hormones such as relaxin induce resorption of the symphyseal margins and structural changes in the fibrocartilaginous disc, increasing symphyseal width and mobility. This systematic review of the English, German and French literature focuses on the normal anatomy of the adult human pubic symphysis. Although scientific studies of the joint have yielded useful descriptive data, comparison of results is hampered by imprecise methodology and/or poorly controlled studies. Several aspects of the anatomy of the pubic symphysis remain unknown or unclear: the precise attachments of surrounding ligaments and muscles; the arrangement of connective tissue fibres within the interpubic disc and the origin, structure and function of its associated interpubic cleft; the biomechanical consequences of sexual dimorphism; potential ethnic variations in morphology; and its precise innervation and blood supply. These deficiencies hinder our understanding of the normal form and function of the joint, which is particularly relevant when attempting to understand the mechanisms underlying pregnancy‐related pubic symphyseal pain, a neglected and relatively common cause of pubic pain. A better understanding of the normal anatomy of the human pubic symphysis should improve our understanding of such problems and contribute to better treatments for patients suffering from symphyseal pain and dysfunction.
A new tool for the validation of umbilical cord acid–base data
Authors: Kro GAB , Yli BM , Rasmussen S , Norèn H , Amer‐Wåhlin I , Saugstad OD , Stray‐Pedersen B , Rosén KG 
Published: September 2010

Please cite this paper as: Kro G, Yli B, Rasmussen S, Norèn H, Amer‐Wåhlin I, Didrik Saugstad O, Stray‐Pedersen B, Rosén K. A new tool for the validation of umbilical cord acid–base data. BJOG 2010;117:1544–1552.Objective  To identify the distribution of carbon dioxide tension (pCO2) relative to pH in validated umbilical cord acid–base data.Design  Observational study.Setting  European hospital labour wards.Population  Data for 36 432 term newborns were obtained from three sources: two trials of fetal monitoring with electrocardiography (ECG; the Swedish randomised controlled trial and the European Union Fetal ECG trial) and data from Mölndal Hospital.Methods  From the total study population, cases with missing values or obvious typing errors were excluded. The remaining data were validated based on specified criteria. Percentiles of arterial pCO2 by pH were calculated using multilevel regression modelling.Main outcome measures  Umbilical cord pH, pCO2 and base deficit.Results  Acid–base values were considered invalid in one out of seven cases. Percentiles for arterial pCO2 corresponding to specified values of arterial pH were developed from the validated data of 26 690 cases.Conclusions  Percentiles for arterial pCO2 for a specified arterial pH can be used as a tool to identify cases with erroneously low pCO2 values, and thus avoid an incorrect interpretation of the newborn’s acid–base status.
FUNCTIONAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS OF LUNG β‐ADRENORECEPTORS AFTERIN VIVODESENSITIZATION: PREVENTION BY INDOMETHACIN
Authors: FANO M. , ABBRACCHIO MARIA PIA , CATTABENI F. , DAFFONCHIO LUISA , HERNANDEZ ALICIA , OMINI C. 
Published: September 2010

Desensitization of lung β‐adrenoreceptors induced by 4 dayin vivoisoprenaline administration to rats has been investigated both from a functional and a biochemical viewpoint.Chronic isoprenaline treatment significantly reduced the relaxing activity of the β‐agonist when testedex vivoin lung parenchymal strips and also impaired the adenylate‐cyclase system. Moreover, the desensitization procedure decreased by about 30% β‐adrenoreceptor number.In vivoindomethacin treatment prevented the loss of pharmacological responsiveness of the tissue to isoprenaline and restored basal adenylate‐cyclase activity.These data indicate thatin vivoisoprenaline administration actually leads to pulmonary β‐adrenoreceptor desensitization. The involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites in this phenomenon is also discussed.
TARGET SITES FOR ANTICHOLINESTERASES ON THE VENTRAL SURFACE OF THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA: HYPOTENSION ELICITED BY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS AGENTS
Authors: EDERY H. , GEYER M. A. , TAYLOR P. , BERMAN H. A. 
Published: September 2010

Sensitivity of the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata to organophorus agents, oxime reactivators, and muscarinic antagonists was examined in order to delineate sites of cholinergic activity in the central nervous system. The exposed ventral surface of the medulla oblongata in anaesthetized cats was treated with the organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents soman and (7‐nitro‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole) aminopentyl methylphosphonofluoridate (NBD‐AP‐MFP), a fluorescent active centre‐selective probe of acetylcholinesterase.Topical application of soman (1–5 μg) or NBD‐AP‐MPF (5–120 μg) elicited a profound (80–90 mm Hg), long‐lasting (0.5‐3 h), dose‐dependent vasodepression with only minor changes in heart rate and respiration.The vasodepression was rapidly reversed (7–10 min) upon topical application of muscarinic antagonists (atropine methylnitrate, atropine sulphate) and the bisquaternary oxime HI‐6; systemic administration was without effect.Reversal of the hypotension by HI‐6 occurred irrespective of whether the organophosphorus agent was NBD‐AP‐MPF, which forms conjugates with acetylcholinesterase that undergo no aging, or soman, which forms conjugates that undergo extensive aging rendering the enzyme refractory to oxime reactivation.Hence, oxime efficacy for reversal of the physiologic hypotension was not dependent solely on the fraction reactivatable enzyme.By virtue of the fluorescence distribution of NBD‐AP‐MPF the chemosensitive sites were estimated to reside no deeper than 50 microns into the medulla oblongata, providing a direct indication for localization of the chemosensitive cells on the superficial surface.
POSSIBLE INTERACTION OF CHOLINERGIC NERVES WITH TWO DIFFERENT (PRE AND POST) SITES OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION IN GUINEA‐PIG VAS DEFERENS
Authors: FUKUSHI Y. , WAKUI M. 
Published: September 2010

Effects of various drugs on the mechanical responses of the longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea‐pig vas deferens evoked by ACh and field nerve stimulation were examined.ACh (28–280, μM) produced a contraction consisting of two phases. The first phase of the contraction was suppressed by guanethidine and by nicotinic antagonists. The second phase was suppressed only by atropine. Both phases were unaffected by TTX or prazosin.Field stimulation (0.1 msec, 40 Hz) evoked contractions which also consisted of two (early and late) phases. Guanethidine (0.1‐1 μM) suppressed both phases whilst prazosin (1 μM) suppressed only the late phase.Atropine (0.1 μM) suppressed both phases whilst physostigmine (5 μM) potentiated both phases of field stimulation‐evoked contractions.Pentolinium suppressed both phases of field stimulation‐evoked contractions at low concentrations (2–10 μM), but potentiated them at a higher concentration (100 μM).dTC at a low concentration (0.5 mUM) suppressed the early phase, but slightly enhanced the late phase of field stimulation responses. At a higher concentration (20 μM), dTC potentiated both phases of the response.Pentolinium and dTC did not affect the contractions induced by 90 mM‐K ions, ATP or NA.These results suggest that cholinergic nerves possess an excitatory action not only directly at the smooth muscle but also at the noradrenergic nerve terminals. The role of each receptor is discussed further.
Offspring quality and the evolution of cainism
Authors: SIMMONS ROBERT 
Published: September 2010

Obligate siblicide, known as ‘cainism’ in large raptors, is a taxonomically widespread avian phenomenon that remains inexplicable as a simple consequence of food stress: two young can be raised to independence in experimentally manipulated nests, and food supplements do not decrease sibling aggression.A review of the Falconiformes identified 23 species in which obligate and facultative cainism is regular. All species have small clutches and deferred acquisition of adult plumage. Obligate cainists in particular are large, long‐lived species characterized by extreme subadult mortality and intense competition for breeding sites. Hence, it can be suggested that early sibling conflict, in the absence of food stress, is the end result of selection for quality (survival) and competitive ability. Cain's domination or killing of Abel insures (1) an increase in Cain's chances of survival through the high‐risk, pre‐breeding period via improved nestling weight gain, and/or (2) domination of surviving sibs, enhancing Cain's competitive abilities and thereby increasing the probability of achieving breeding status. Only among long‐lived species can the benefits of enhanced survival and competitive ability outweigh the major costs of sibling loss.Facultative cainists, which in more than 10% of cases raise more than one young (despite aggression and sibling hierarchies), not only lay larger, more variable clutches, but on average attain adult plumage earlier than obligate cainists. Their shorter lives and higher population turnovers are consistent with their less extreme siblicidal tendencies. Similar life‐history traits and cainistic habits in other avian orders parallel those in the Falconiformes, indicating several independent evolutionary pathways to cainism.Retention of the second egg by obligate cainists, usually explained as insurance against failure, may instead allow parents adaptively to track population stability. Thus when breeding places are numerous (habitat saturation and competition low), parents laying two eggs and rearing two young may achieve greater fitness than single‐young parents. When populations become saturated (competition high), selection should favour high‐quality, competitive young and levels of siblicide should increase. A proximate mechanism is proposed linking population saturation with the incidence of cainism, based on demonstrable population characteristics found in several long‐lived species.