bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus 118 (ST772), a Major Disease Clone from India
Authors: Prabhakara Sushma , Khedkar Supriya , Loganathan Ramya Malarini , Chandana S. , Gowda Malali , Arakere Gayathri , Seshasayee Aswin Sai Narain 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTWe report the draft genome sequence of an ST772Staphylococcus aureusdisease isolate carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) type V from a pyomyositis patient. Ourde novoshort read assembly is ∼2.8 Mb and encodes a unique Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) phage with structural genes similar to those of φ7247PVL and novel lysogenic genes at the N termini.
Socioeconomic inequalities in the rate of stillbirths by cause: a population-based study
Authors: Seaton Sarah E , Field David J , Draper Elizabeth S , Manktelow Bradley N , Smith Gordon C S , Springett Anna , Smith Lucy K 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveTo assess time trends in socioeconomic inequalities in overall and cause-specific stillbirth rates in England.DesignPopulation-based retrospective study.SettingEngland.ParticipantsStillbirths occurring among singleton infants born between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2007.Main outcome measureCause-specific stillbirth rate per 10 000 births by deprivation tenth and year of birth. Deprivation measured using the UK index of multiple deprivation at Super Output Area level.MethodsPoisson regression models were used to estimate the relative deprivation gap (comparing the most and least deprived tenths) in rates of stillbirths (overall and cause-specific). Excess mortality was calculated by applying the rates seen in the least deprived tenth to the entire population at risk. Discussions with our local NHS multicentre ethics committee deemed that this analysis of national non-identifiable data did not require separate ethics approval.ResultsThere were 44 stillbirths per 10 000 births, with no evidence of a change in rates over time. Rates were twice as high in the most deprived tenth compared with the least (rate ratio (RR) 2.1, 95% CI 2.0 to 2.2) with no evidence of a change over time. There was a significant deprivation gap for all specific causes except mechanical events (RR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.5). The widest gap was seen for stillbirths due to antepartum haemorrhages (RR 3.1, 95% CI 2.8 to 3.5). No evidence of a change in the rate of stillbirth or deprivation gap over time was seen for any specific cause.ConclusionA wide deprivation gap exists in stillbirth rates for most causes and is not diminishing. Unexplained antepartum stillbirths accounted for 50% of the deprivation gap, and a better understanding of these stillbirths is necessary to reduce socioeconomic inequalities.
Systematic review: is real-time ultrasonic-guided central line placement by ED physicians more successful than the traditional landmark approach?
Authors: Mehta Ninfa , Valesky Walter Wallace , Guy Allysia , Sinert Richard 
Published: June 2012

IntroductionThe superiority of ultrasonic-guided compared with landmark-guided central venous catheter (CVC) placement is not well documented in the Emergency Department.ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature comparing success rates between ultrasonic- and landmark-guided CVC placement by ED physicians.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for randomised controlled trials from 1965 to 2010 using a search strategy derived from the following PICO formulation: Patients: Adults requiring emergent CVC placement except during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.InterventionCVC placement using real-time ultrasonic guidance. Comparator: CVC placement using anatomical landmarks. Outcome: Comparison of success rates of CVC placement between ultrasonic- versus landmark-guided techniques. Analysis: Success rates between CVC placement methods using a Forest Plot (95% CI) calculated by Review Manager Version 5.0.ResultsSearch identified 944 articles of which 938 were excluded by title/abstract relevance, two not randomised, one cardiac arrest, one no landmark control, one success rate not calculated. A single study of 130 patients (65 ultrasonic- vs 65 landmark-guided) selected for internal jugular vein placement remained. Successful internal jugular CVC was significantly (p=0.02) more likely in the ultrasound-guided (93.9%) compared with landmark-guided (78.5%) techniques with an OR of 1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.4). Complications rates were significantly (p=0.04) lower in ultrasonic (4.6%) versus landmark (16.9%) technique, OR=3.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 12.5).ConclusionOnly one single high quality study illustrating that ED ultrasound- versus landmark-guided internal jugular catheter placement had higher success rates with lower complication rates.
Expression and prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Tao , Zhu Yuhua , Qin Cheng-yong , Yang Zhen , Fang Aiju , Xu Shifeng , Ren Wanhua 
Published: June 2012

AimsActivation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) promotes invasiveness in some cancer cells. However, VEGFR-1 expression and its relationship with clinical features and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the expression pattern of VEGFR-1 in HCC cell lines and tissue specimens in order to evaluate the role of VEGFR-1 in prognosis of HCC.MethodsExpression and localisation of VEGFR-1 in cell lines were determined by western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. Expression of VEGFR-1 in tissue specimens from 135 HCC patients with curative resections was determined by immunohistochemistry. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis and a Cox regression model. The relationships between VEGFR-1 expression and clinicopathological features were also analysed.ResultsVEGFR-1 expression in more invasive HCC cell lines is higher than that in less invasive cell lines. VEGFR-1 expression in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in peritumoral tissues (p<0.001). Patients with high expression of VEGFR-1 had significantly worse RFS and OS after curative resections (p<0.001). Strong expression of VEGFR-1 in HCC tissues was correlated with the most prominent clinicopathological features associated with progression, and poor differentiation was an independent prognosticator for RFS and OS (RFS HR 2.397, 95% CI 1.686 to 3.409; OS HR 2.44, 95% CI 1.518 to 3.922; p<0.001 for both).ConclusionsHigh expression and distinctive cytomembrane localisation of VEGFR-1 in HCC cells is associated with HCC progression and worse outcome; it may serve as a novel prognostic marker for patients with HCC.
ES8-3: Measuring Outcomes in Breast Reconstruction: The Patient Perspective.
Authors: Pusic A 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In breast reconstruction, understanding patients’ perceptions of surgical results is of primary importance. As new reconstructive techniques continue to advance, surgeons and patients require high quality information on key outcomes such as patient satisfaction and quality of life. The need for meaningful data is further accentuated by concerns over healthcare expenditures and the increasing involvement of patients in their own surgical decision-making.
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are questionnaires specifically designed to quantify aspects of outcome such as patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life. When developed and validated according to internationally recognized standards, PRO measures can provide reliable and valid assessment of patient outcomes. Traditionally, PRO measures were used in clinical research alone; however, advances in psychometric methods have now facilitated the development of a new generation of PRO measures that are also useful in clinical care.
This presentation will provide an overview of PRO research in breast reconstruction. The BREAST-Q, a new PRO measure for breast surgery patients, will be highlighted. Physicians will gain the necessary critical appraisal skills to interpret and apply evidence from PRO studies in their own clinical practice. Approaches to routine use of PRO measures in clinical care will also be described.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES8-3.
OT1-01-02: A Multicentre Study Assessing 12-Weekly Intravenous Bisphosphonate Therapy in Women with Low Risk Bone Metastases from Breast Cancer – The TRIUMPH Trial.
Authors: Bouganim N , Hilton J , Vandermeer L , Hopkins S , Spencer P , Robbins D , Amir E , Dent S , Milano C , Ooi D , Dranitsaris G , Clemons M 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Metastatic bone disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for breast cancer patients. Bisphosphonates (BP) have been shown to significantly delay the onset and frequency of skeletal related events (SREs), improve pain control and overall quality of life. Most patients receive intravenous BP every 3–4 weeks regardless of their individual risk for a SRE. This “one size fits all” strategy could expose those patients at a relatively low risk of SREs to an increased chance of adverse drug effects, as well as to the financial and quality of life burden of multiple visits to the cancer centre for treatments. This study aimed to assess whether IV BP can be safely given at reduced frequency.
Methods: The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate in women with biochemically defined low-risk bone metastases that the administration of IV BP every 12 weeks is sufficient to maintain biochemical stability for one year. Eligibility criteria include; bone metastases from breast cancer, have received at least three months of regular 3–4 weekly IV BP, satisfactory renal function, adequate dental health, no systemic treatment change or recent SRE within 4 weeks of study entry. Low risk disease will be defined as serum CTx levels &lt;600 ng/L Biochemical failure is defined as CTx levels &gt;600 ng/L measured at predefined time points (6, 12, 24, 36 and 48th). Secondary objectives are to evaluate the palliative benefit of 12-weekly IV BP therapy as reflected by occurrence of SREs, analgesic use, self-reported pain using the validated BP and FACT-BP questionnaires. Sample size was calculated at 68 patients. Given the small sample size, nonparametric Bootstrapping will be employed to calculate point estimates, standard deviations and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). An exploratory multivariable analysis will also be undertaken to determine baseline factors that were associated with patient's maintaining their telopeptide levels in the low risk range. Conclusion: TRIUMPH opened in October 2010 and as of June 2011, has quickly accrued 54/68 patients (79%). This trial has the potential to allow lower risk women to receive less frequent dosing of bisphosphonates, thus improving their quality of life with less cancer center visits and reducing their chance of drug induced adverse events.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-01-02.
OT2-03-03: Spectroscopic Feature of Breast Cancer.
Authors: Ogura H , Yamashita D , Nasu H , Hosokawa Y , Koizumi K , Yamaki E , Yoshimoto K , Suzuki T , Ueda Y , Oda M , Yamashita Y , Sakahara H 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objectives: To examine optical properties of breast cancer by time-resolved spectroscopy.
Materials and Methods: We irradiated a pulsed laser of 760, 800, and 830 nm wave-length lights at multiple sites of both breasts including the site just above the cancer and detected the light transmitted through the breast with TRS-20SH (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.). Absorption coefficient (μa), reduced scattering coefficient (μs'), total hemoglobin (tHb), and oxygen saturation (SO2) of the breast were calculated by photon diffusion equation. The clinical trial started in January 2007. A total of one hundred nine breast cancer patients participated in the trial and written informed consent were obtained from all of the patients. Results: In 800 nm wave-length, absorption coefficient (μa) of breast cancer tissue was significantly high, compared with contra-lateral normal breast (cancer:0.0677± 0.0293, normal breast;0.0479± 0.0161, p&lt;0.001).

The result was the same in 760, and 830 nm. There was no difference in reduced scattering coefficient (μs') between breast cancer tissue and contra-lateral normal breast (800 nm cancer:9.070±1.217, normal breast;9.348±1.243, p=0.10). The tHb of breast cancer tissue was significantly high, compared with normal breast (cancer:31.0± 14.7, normal breast;21.0±8.2, p&lt;0.001). There was no difference in oxygen saturation (SO2) between breast cancer tissue and contra-lateral normal breast (cancer:72.8±4.1, normal breast;73.8±4.5, p=0.08).

Conclusion: Absorption coefficient (μa) and tHb increased in breast cancer, whereas reduced scattering coefficient (μs') did not.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-03-03.
OT2-05-03: ACRIN 6688 Phase II Study of Fluorine-18 3′-Deoxy-3′ Fluorothymidine (FLT) in Invasive Breast Cancer.
Authors: Jolles PJ , Kostakoglu L , Bear HD , Idowu MO , Kurdziel K , Shankar L , Mankoff DA , Duan F , L'Heureux DZ 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to surgery provides enhanced options for locoregional management and has become an integral component of primary breast cancer management. Initial tumor response in patients receiving NAC is generally determined at therapy completion. This evaluation is determined by either the presence/absence of palpable tumor as a clinical response and/or presence/absence of invasive tumor cells in the breast and nodes as a pathological response. The ability to evaluate the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy early during treatment would be of significant importance. FDG PET imaging has been shown to be predictive of subsequent tumor response, but the tendency of FDG to accumulate in inflammatory tissues can complicate image interpretation. MRI changes have also been touted as predictors of response. Preliminary data suggest that early FLT PET is better able to predict response to therapy, as FLT uptake has been shown to correlate with cellular proliferation, and does not significantly accumulate in inflammatory tissue (Kenny et al, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007:1339–1347). The analysis of these data may provide a better understanding of early treatment response and improve the clinical management of breast cancer in the future.
Trial design and eligibility: In this phase II multi-institutional study, breast cancer patients with locally advanced disease with a tumor size ≥2cm (measured on imaging or estimated by physical exam) are eligible. Participants will receive standard of care NAC at their respective institutions. Participants will have 3 FLT imaging sessions to evaluate therapy response: at baseline, early-treatment (5-10 days after initiating treatment), and post-treatment prior to surgery.
Specific aims: The primary objective is to correlate the percentage change in the standardized uptake value between baseline and early therapy FLT in the primary tumor with pathologic response. Correlatively, FLT PET parameters will be compared with proliferative indices from the initial biopsy and residual tumor surgical samples using Ki-67 staining, mitotic index, and residual cancer burden. Potential safety issues and the physiologic effects associated with FLT administration will also be evaluated.
Statistical methods: To evaluate the relationship between an uptake parameter and pathologic complete response, a ROC curve will be estimated and the area under the curve, along with its 95% confidence interval, will be determined.
Accrual: Currently, 45/67 patients have accrued to the study.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-05-03.
OT2-06-01: A Phase III Randomized Multicentric French Study To Evaluate the Impact of a Localized 16-Gy Boost after Conservative Surgery and a 50-Gy Whole-Breast Irradiation in Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (The BONBIS Trial).
Authors: Azria D , Cowen D , De La Lande B , Bourgier C , Latorzeff I , Leblanc-Onfroy M , Douadi-Gaci Z , Pradier O , Peignaux K , Levy C , Ellis S , Lecouillard I , Racadot S , Bontemps P , Benyoucef A , Lagarde P , Laharie-Mineur H , Cretin J , Marchal C , Serin D , Lemanski C 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background
Ductal carcinoma in situ is defined as breast cancer confined to the ducts of the breast without evidence of penetration of the basement membrane. Local treatment quality represents one of the most prognostic factors as half of recurrences are invasive diseases. The main goal of adjuvant radiotherapy after conservative surgery is to decrease local recurrences and to permit breast conservation with low treatment-induced sequelae. Several randomized trials have established the impact of 50 Gy to the whole breast (WB) in terms of local control. Nevertheless, no randomized trial is still available concerning the role of the boost in this disease. The phase III randomized trial “BONBIS” is elaborated to evaluate the impact of a 16-Gy boost after 50 Gy delivered to the whole breast in 25 fractions and 33 days.
Methods: A total of 1950 patients DCIS breast cancer patients are planned to be enrolled in this trial. Patients will receive the following treatment: (A) WB radiotherapy of 50 Gy in 25 fractions vs. (B) WB radiotherapy of 50 Gy in 25 fractions plus a localized 16-Gy boost in 8 fractions. The primary endpoint is local-relapse free survival (LRFS). This trial is designed to detect an expected rate in control arm of 7% and 4 % in experimental arm. With 90% power and a=0.05, 137 events are necessary to achieve the main goal. An interim analysis is planned after 50% of observed event. Stratifications are made based on recognized prognostic factors: age, hormonal treatment, differentiation, circumstance of diagnosis, surgical margin, centre. Secondary endpoints are relapse free survival, overall survival, acute and late toxicities, cosmetic results, and quality of life. Translational researches are also planned to identify intrinsic radiosensitivity of normal tissues (radiation-induced apoptosis assay, genome-wide association study) but also predictive models of tumor recurrences. Inclusions have started in November 2008 and are not so far than the planned estimation.
This trial is granted by the French National Cancer Institute (PHRC 2008) and supported by the French National Society of Radiation Oncology (SFRO).
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-06-01.
OT3-01-01: Randomized Phase II Study of Fulvestrant Versus Fulvestrant Plus Bortezomib in Postmenopausal Women with Estrogen Receptor (ER) Positive, Aromatase-Inhibitor (AI) Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC): New York Cancer Consortium Trial P8457.
Authors: Adelson KB , Raptis G , Sparano J , Germain D 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Bortezomib ia proteasome inhibitor that enhances fulvestrant-mediated aggregation of the ER in the cytoplasm without blocking ER degradation in the nucleus in ER+ human breast cancer cell lines, thereby promoting cytoplasmic ER aggresomes which activate a sustained unfolded protein response leading to apoptotic cell death; the combination also induces tumor regression in a tamoxifen resistant T47D-cyclin D1 xenograft model more effectively than either agent alone (Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17: 2292–2300).
Hypothesis: We hpothesize that the combination of fulvestrant and bortezomib will be more effective than fulvestrant alone in ER+, AI-resistant MBC.
Trial design: This is an open-label randomized phase II design in which patients with MBC are randomized to receive fulvestrant alone (500 mg IM day −14, day +1, and day +14 during cycle 1, then 500 mg every 4 weeks on day +1 during cycle 2 and thereafter) or in combination with bortezomib (1.6 mg/m2 IV days +1, +8, +15 every cycle). Stratification factors for randomization include performance status (ECOG 0 vs. 1–2), measurable disease (yes vs. no), and prior chemotherapy for MBC (yes vs. no). Patients who progress on fulvestrant alone may cross over to the combination.
Eligibility criteria: Postmenopausal women with ER+, Her2-negative, MBC who have progressive disease during AI therapy for metastatic disease, or relapse while receiving adjuvant AI therapy. Up to one prior chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease is permitted.
Specific aims: Primary Objective: To determine if the addition of bortezomib to fulvestrant significantly improves median progression-free survival (PFS), defined as the time from cycle 1, day 1 of therapy until disease progression or death from any cause.
Secondary Objectives: To determine: (1) adverse event rates in both arms, (2) the clinical benefit rate (CBR — objective response [by RECIST 1.1] and/or progression free at 24 weeks), (3) the objective response and CBR after crossover from fulvestrant to fulvestrant plus bortezomib.
Translational Objectives: To perform an exploratory analysis of the effects of the combination on intratumoral nuclear/cytoplasmic ER ratio, unfolded protein response (BiP), apoptotis (cleaved caspase 3, Bc1-2 phospho JNK.)
Statistical methods: he median PFS for patients receiving fulvestrant alone is expected to be approximately 5.4 months based upon patients with AI-resistant disease enrolled on the CONFIRM trial ( J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 4594–4600). The trial is designed to detect a 70% improved in median PFS to 9.0 months (alpha=0.10, beta =0.10), which will require 59 eligible patients in each arm.
Present accrual and target accrual: 24/118
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-01-01.
P1-03-05: Fibrocystic Changes Have Different Age-Dependent Patterns in Benign, In Situ, and Invasive Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: Bekhash A , Kovatich AJ , Chen Y , Hooke JA , Kvecher L , Mural RJ , Shriver CD , Hu H 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Fibrocystic changes (FCCs) have been known to develop in the aging process. Breast cancers in younger and elderly women are known to have different characteristics. Less is known about alterations in the microenvironment for disease development in middle-aged women who undergo menopausal changes. The Walter Reed Army Medical Center, through the Clinical Breast Care Project, has enrolled over 2000 subjects undergoing a biopsy; all the pathology was reviewed by a single pathologist. These subjects provide an opportunity to study the age-dependent pattern of FCC across benign, in situ (IS) and invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) patient populations.
Methods: Subjects were enrolled following IRB-approved protocols. A total of 2060 subjects were identified for this study, including 1226 benign/atypical, 193 IS, and 641 IBC patients. Patients were divided into three age groups: &lt;=45 years, 46–65 years, and &gt;=66 years. Chi-Square test in the SAS was used for statistical analysis across the age groups for the occurrence of FCCs. For IS and IBC patients, additional analysis was performed on high grade (grade 3) and non-high grade (grades 1 and 2 combined) cancers. For IS, grade analysis was performed on ductal carcinoma (DCIS).
Results: As shown in the Table, FCC occurrence rate is significantly lower in younger patients in the benign population. In the IBC population, this rate is significantly higher in middle-aged patients. This higher rate is significant in the non-high grade patients but disappears in the high grade patients. In the IS population, the same trend exists that the FCC rate is higher in middle-aged patients. This trend is retained in non-high grade DCIS but again lost in high grade DCIS.

Discussion: The observation that FCC increases with age in the benign population, but is bell-shaped in IBC and IS populations, supports a hypothesis that physiological changes in the middle-aged women may alter the microenvironment for disease development. The observation that the bell-shaped pattern is due to non-high grade DCIS but not due to high-grade DCIS suggests that changes in the microenvironment contribute to breast disease development.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-03-05.