bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Surgical Outcomes of Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts: A Systematic Review Comparing Endoscopic Fenestration, Open Craniotomy and Cystoperitoneal Shunt Approaches
Authors: Encarnacion Daniel , Scalia Gianluca , Bozkurt Ismail , Wellington Jack , Kirilin Igor , Chaurasia Bipin , Garcia Mainer 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are non-neoplastic collections of cerebrospinal fluid, often posing challenges in diagnosis and management due to their rarity and varied clinical presentations. This systematic review aims to investigate the frequency of ACs, analyse optimal intervention approaches and evaluate neurological complications postoperatively.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic search of Science Direct, PubMed and Cochrane databases was conducted using controlled vocabulary terms and keywords. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies focusing on adults with symptomatic ACs requiring surgical intervention. Data extraction involved factors influencing subdural haemorrhage, surgical techniques, drainage types and imaging approaches. Adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines ensured methodological rigor and transparency.

Results:
The review identified multiple surgical approaches, including microsurgical fenestration, endoscopic fenestration and cystoperitoneal shunt, tailored to different cyst locations. Studies showed cystoperitoneal bypass as effective for supratentorial cysts, endoscopic fenestration for midline cysts and cystoperitoneal shunt for infratentorial cysts. Notably, endoscopic fenestration exhibited a 90% success rate, while cystoventricular drainage emerged as an alternative option. However, limitations in comparative studies and variations in follow-up durations hindered comprehensive analyses.

Conclusion:
Cystocysternostomy, preferably minimally invasive, showed promising outcomes in managing ACs. Wide endoscopic fenestration was recommended without causing damage to adjacent structures. Surgical adaptation for uncontrolled bleeding during procedures was suggested. Intracranial shunts were preferred due to lower infection risks. Postoperative care involving anticonvulsants and conservative antibiotic therapy exhibited low complication rates. Despite limitations in available evidence, this review highlights potential effective interventions for managing ACs, emphasising the need for further comprehensive studies.
The clarification of the concept of colostomy nursing care in ostomy care centers: A concept analysis through Walker and Avant’s method
Authors: Shoja Maryam , Arsalani Narges , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi Farahnaz , Shirozhan Shima 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Specialist nurses need to have an accurate understanding of colostomy care-related concepts to provide care. Although patients with different types of ostomy have different types of needs, terms such as ostomy care, colostomy care, and ileostomy nursing are interchangeably used. Moreover, there are limited concept analysis studies into the concept of colostomy nursing care (CNC) in ostomy care centers (OCCs). The aim of this study was to analyze and clarify the concept of CNC in outpatient OCCs.

METHODS AND MATERIAL:
This was a concept analysis study. This concept analysis was conducted using Walker and Avant’s eight-step method. The online databases were searched until 2022 to retrieve documents on CNC. Finally, 35 articles and four books were included in the analysis, the defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concepts were determined, and model and additional cases as well as empirical referents were presented.

RESULTS:
The defining attributes of CNC in OCCs are the development of professional role, participatory practice and interdisciplinary care, selection of the best clinical procedures, care based on patient education, and patient rehabilitation. The antecedents of the concept are nurse-related antecedents, patient- and family-related antecedents, environmental antecedents, and professional rules and regulations. Its consequences are patients’ and families’ greater care-related knowledge, improvement of nurses’ care quality, patient autonomy, and self-efficacy.

CONCLUSION:
The concept of CNC in OCCs can be defined as “a continuous and coherent care based on knowledge, skill, expertise, experience, and colostomy type which uses interdisciplinary collaboration and the best available evidence in order to select and provide the best services according to patients’ and families’ culture and background, fulfill patients’ physical, mental, sexual, social, and spiritual needs, and timely refer patients to specialists, with the ultimate goal of improving patient autonomy and facilitating their return to normal life.”
Identifying factors affecting a healthy lifestyle in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Raesi Rasoul , Khalesi Nader , Safavi Mahboobeh , Mirzaei Abasat , Alimohammadzadeh Khalil 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
A healthy lifestyle is one of the important global concepts in the post-COVID-19 era, which can lead to maintaining and improving the health of societies. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting a healthy lifestyle in the post-COVID-19 era.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The current research is a qualitative study that was conducted in the field by theoretical sampling method. The qualitative method used in the current research was Strauss–Corbin’s method. The data collection tool in the current research was a semi-structured interview. The researcher reached theoretical saturation by the end of the 13th interview, and for more certainty, the interviews continued until the 15th interview. The statistical population of the research was all professors and experts with specialized doctorate degrees in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, and finally, 15 people were selected according to the entry and exit criteria for the study. Data analysis was done by summarizing and coding and analyzing the hidden content from expert interviews using MAXQDA software.

RESULTS:
The factors affecting a healthy lifestyle in the post-COVID-19 era (cultural norms, social norms, biological norms, technological factors, and economic factors) emerged from the intuitive opinions of experts.

CONCLUSION:
Providing and maintaining health is not a simple task, as it involves biological, individual, familial, cultural, societal, economic, political, and health factors. Promotion of healthy lifestyles is not merely the responsibility of health-related organizations and bodies; rather, they necessitate extensive coordination and empathy among educational, health, cultural, service, and even political institutions and bodies.
Assessment of coping capacity of public health facilities with health emergency situations during an event of flood in Mumbai
Authors: Khan Shabana , Kumar Dilip , Vyas Navya 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Floods had been a repeated phenomenon in India, causing considerable losses to properties, life and infrastructure, and public utilities. Floods are found to be a common natural disaster occurring not only in developing countries but also in developed nations. Hospital preparedness against disaster could help in the management of the surge of patients in an effective manner. This study aims to assess the capacity of public health facilities for coping up with health emergency situations during an event of flood in Mumbai.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 38 public health facilities in Mumbai. A purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of the health facilities. Administrative staff, medical officers, and pharmacy in charges were included in the study.

RESULTS:
The study revealed that surge capacities in hospitals were adequate as they had additional beds for monsoon-related diseases for the preceding flood situation. There was a triage policy, and the staff were trained on the same. Procurement of drugs was easy because of a good networking system between hospitals. Due to this networking system, patients were also transferred to the nearest healthcare facility in a short span of time.

CONCLUSION:
The response during an event of a flood in the health facilities of Mumbai city was good as they have regular training sessions to be prepared for the emergency situations during monsoon as they have repeated exposure to floods.
Epididymo-orchitis with epididymal abscess in a patient with disseminated tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Swain Basanta Manjari , Panda Sangram , Mohanty Sudhanshu Sekhar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global health concern, and while primarily affecting the lungs, extrapulmonary manifestations like genitourinary tubercular epididymitis are rare and diagnostically challenging. Accurate differentiation is crucial for appropriate treatment. This case study presents a 34-year-old male with left scrotal swelling, backache, and fever, highlighting the importance of considering tuberculosis in genitourinary conditions. High-resolution sonography revealed an edematous left testis with increased vascularity and hypoechoic nodules. Further imaging, including high-resolution computed tomography thorax and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging Dorso-lumbar spine, confirmed disseminated tuberculosis. Despite negative urine culture, aspiration cytology from the epididymal collection indicated tubercular etiology. Urogenital tuberculosis, especially isolated epididymal involvement without renal effects, presents diagnostic challenges, often occurring in immunocompromised patients. The case underscores the role of clinical, biochemical, and radiological evidence in establishing a correct diagnosis. High-resolution ultrasonography plays a crucial role in diagnosing scrotal pathologies, and when accompanied by an epididymal collection, further diagnostic steps involving biochemical parameters and aspiration followed by cytoanalysis and culture are essential. The diagnosis of tuberculous epididymitis can be confirmed through acid-fast bacilli (AFB) identification, positive AFB culture, or granulomas seen in a biopsy specimen in the right clinical context. Radiological imaging aids in detecting local and disseminated disease forms, including complications like hydrocele, testicular calcifications, scrotal abscesses, sinus tracks, and fistulous communications.
Pheochromocytoma – A challenge to anesthetist
Authors: Doddipatla Siva Teja , Deo D. S. Abhilash , Panda Amrita , Mishra Sumanta Kumar , Mohapatra Bishnupriya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Phaeochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting tumor of the sympathoadrenal system. It poses a significant challenge to the anesthesiologist, as sudden and intense hemodynamic changes are common in the preoperative and intraoperative periods. Preoperative optimization with sympatholytic drugs along with fluid resuscitation and intraoperative hemodynamic stability is essential for improved patient outcome. The anatomy of the tumor and proximity to major vasculature prove a challenge to anesthetists and surgeons alike. We are presenting a case of a 53-year-old male with a phaeochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland posted for laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, with the tumor mass compressing the inferior vena cava.
Role of gender difference in Internet addiction and its association with family interaction among students
Authors: Swain Anchal , Sahoo Prabhudarshan , Debata Ipsita , Mishra Krishna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Internet addiction (IA) has become a serious behavioral addiction pandemic. IA may potentially affect academic performance and family dynamics. Gender and geographic differences also exist in the ways that people use the Internet for entertainment. This study was conducted to evaluate if gender difference plays a role in IA.Objectives:To determine the association between gender with internet addiction and family interaction among the undergraduate college students and to find the prevalence of internet addiction among them.Materials and Methods:A sample of 252 currently enrolled undergraduate students, between 18 and 23 years of age, were included from three programs (Arts, Science, and Commerce) at a University in Odisha. Data were collected using the IA test (IAT) and the family interaction questionnaire (FIQ). Data were compiled into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Epi-info software. Descriptive data were interpreted as frequencies and percentages. The independentt-test was used to compare the mean scores between IA and family interaction. The Chi-square test was used to test association. AP< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The study included 113 (44.8%) males and 55.2% (139) females. The prevalence of IA was 64.8%. Female students had slightly higher mean IAT and FIQ scores than males. The difference in mean scores determined by independentt-tests between the genders was not statistically significant for both IAT (P= 0.054) and FIQ (P= 0.2). There was no significant association between gender with IA levels (P= 0.1507) and family interaction levels (P= 0.6125).Conclusion:The current study revealed there was IA in almost two-thirds of undergraduate students. There was a minor gender difference in IA and family interaction levels among the college students. It is crucial to educate the future generation, parents, and educators about the dangers of IA and the importance of family interaction in managing the problem.
A risk factor analysis of length of hospital stay in thyroid surgeries: An experience from a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Srivastava Varsha , Mohapatra Ipsa , Mishra Tejaswi , Rout Tapas Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Thyroid surgeries are one of the common surgical procedures worldwide, carried out by a range of board-certified physicians with backgrounds in general surgery, endocrine surgery, otolaryngology, thoracic surgery, head and neck surgery, and oncology. The length of hospital stay in these surgeries has not been extensively studied. The purpose of the study was to find out the factors determining the length of hospital stay in thyroid surgeries.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and seven adult patients operated between January and December of 2021 were included in the study. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records using a data extraction form after getting Institutional Ethics Committee approval. Data were analyzed using Epi Info software, with a P < 0.05 taken as statistically significant.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 33.6 ± 9.7 years, females (67.2%) outnumbered males. The mean duration of hospital stay was 10.55 ± 4.32 days; the length of hospital stay saw an increasing trend with the increasing age (10.89 days), male sex (11 days), those who had postoperative complications (11 days), and total thyroidectomy (15 days). Those who delayed in seeking healthcare (10 days–1 month) also reported a longer hospital stay.

Conclusion:
In this study, increasing age, male sex, underweight patients, patients from rural areas, those with lower educational status, and unemployed were found to have a longer hospital stay. Other factors which were seen to be associated with longer hospital stays were those undergoing total thyroidectomy, having associated complications, and delay in health-seeking behavior.
Clinical evaluation of “Snowplow” technique versus Bulk-fill technique in restoration of class II cavities: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gomaa Mariam M , Mosallam Rania S , Abou-Auf Eman A , Hassanien Olfat Elsayed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This study assessed the clinical performance of the “Snowplow” technique compared with the Bulk-fill technique in restoration of proximal cavities for 1 year using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a 12-month, double-blinded, two parallel arms, randomized clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. A total of 32 patients with proximal caries were separated into two groups (n = 16): group 1: “Snowplow” technique using co-cured X-tra base flowable Bulk-fill composite/X-tra Fil Bulk-fill composite, whereas group 2: Bulk-fill technique using X-tra Fil Bulk-fill composite. Modified USPHS criteria were employed to assess the restorations at baseline, after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The MedCalc software, version 19 for Windows was used to statistically analyze the collected data. Intergroup comparisons were carried out using the chi-squared test with a statistical significance level set at P ≤ 0.05 after Bonferroni correction.

Results:
The results suggested that there was no statistically significant difference found between “Snowplow” and Bulk-fill techniques at different time intervals in terms of marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, anatomic contour, surface texture, gross fracture, and secondary caries, where P = 0.150550.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that the clinical performance of the “Snowplow” technique and Bulk-fill technique was similar and clinically acceptable following a full year of clinical use. Bulk-fill and “Snowplow” techniques are highly recommended restorative techniques in proximal cavities.
The effect of preprocedural mouthrinses against COVID-19 before acid etching on the microleakage of a resin-based sealant in permanent molars: An in vitro experimental study
Authors: Ungkul Sutthiprapa , Yimcharoen Veeritta , Rirattanapong Praphasri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To determine whether rinsing with preprocedural mouthrinses against coronavirus disease before acid etching affects resin-based sealant microleakage.

Materials and Methods:
A presented in vitro experimental study was performed on 15 extracted permanent third molars. Samples were randomly allocated into five groups: Group 1—distilled water (control); Group 2—1% hydrogen peroxide; Group 3—1.5% hydrogen peroxide; Group 4—0.5% povidone-iodine; and Group 5—1% povidone-iodine. After the teeth were immersed in the assigned mouth rinses for 60 s, they were sealed with Concise™ white sealant. Subsequently, the teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles, immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 h, and sectioned with two parallel cuts in the buccolingual direction. Sixty surfaces (12 surfaces in each group) were examined for microleakage under a 40× light microscope and scored as described by Zyskind et al. Welch’s one-way analysis of variance test and the Games–Howell test were used to analyze the results at a significance level of P < 0.05 for all tests.

Results:
The intergroup comparisons indicated that the 0.5% povidone-iodine group and the 1% povidone-iodine group had significantly higher microleakage compared with the control group. The 1% and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide groups demonstrated no significant difference in mean microleakage scores compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between the povidone groups and the hydrogen peroxide groups.

Conclusions:
Preprocedural rinsing with 0.5% and 1% povidone-iodine before acid etching caused higher microleakage of resin-based sealant, while hydrogen peroxide rinsing gave comparable microleakage compared with the control group.
Prospective Study to Assess Knowledge about Basic Life Support in College Students and Evaluate the Effectiveness of Basic Life Support Training
Authors: Chaskar Vaishali , Thakkar Ami , Zadkar Sanjivani , Gite Jayshree 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests represent critical situations wherein prompt basic life support (BLS) intervention can significantly impact survivability. This study aimed to assess the baseline knowledge of BLS among college students and evaluate the efficacy of a training intervention, gauging changes in confidence and performance scores.

Methods:
Following ethical approval, a pretraining BLS questionnaire was administered to participating students. Subsequently, American Heart Association-certified BLS training providers conducted hands-on training. Posttraining, participants completed confidence and their performance was evaluated by the training providers. Data analysis utilized a percentage-based methodology.

Results:
The findings from the questionnaire revealed that 87% of students had witnessed emergencies, with only 7.7% initiating help and 2.3% observing resuscitation efforts. Notably, a deficit in knowledge about automated external defibrillators was observed across all the participants. Approximately 49.5% expressed interest in training, while 41.7% declined periodic training. Concerningly, 53.7% cited fear of legal repercussions as a deterrent to aiding victims, and 30.09% attributed their nonintervention to a lack of BLS knowledge. Posttraining, 81.5% of students displayed average confidence, with 18.4% exhibiting poor confidence in providing roadside BLS assistance. Performance assessments revealed that 28.15% performed well, 52.90% performed at an average level, and 18.95% performed poorly during hands-on training with a mannequin.

Conclusions:
The study highlights a notable lack of awareness and understanding of BLS among college students, as evidenced by the pretraining questionnaire. The single training session employed in this study did not substantially enhance confidence or performance scores in providing BLS. The findings underscore the necessity for increased awareness and recurrent BLS training initiatives among the young population to bolster both confidence and practical proficiency in responding to emergency situations.
The Effectiveness of Perovskia abrotanoides Extract Topical Formulation on the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Tayebi Maryam Sadat , Poostiyan Nazila , Dinani Masoud Sadeghi , Ghassami Erfaneh , Soltani Rasool 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
Despite many attempts to treat leishmaniasis, new approaches are necessary to reduce the burden of disease. Perovskia abrotanoides (Brazambel) has shown significant effects against Leishmania parasites in some studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of P. abrotanoides extract topical formulation on cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Methods:
In this randomized controlled clinical trial, patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were assigned to experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 18) groups. Both groups received intralesional meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®). The experimental group also received 5% Brazambel extract ointment once a day. The interventions continued until the complete healing of the lesions (reepithelialization) for a maximum of 8 weeks. The clinical response, defined as complete response (reepithelialization >75%), partial response (reepithelialization 50%–75%), or treatment failure (reepithelialization <50%), was compared between the groups.

Findings:
The percentage of reepithelialization in the experimental group (4th week: 64.44 ± 25.13; 8th week: 83.85 ± 11.54) was higher than the control group (4th week: 53.97 ± 25.88; 8th week: 76.27 ± 21.67); however, the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.252 and 0.494, respectively). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding the rate of complete healing (88.9% vs. 72.2%, respectively).

Conclusion:
The use of P. abrotanoides extract 5% topical formulation does not affect the healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis.