bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional adaptive controller for multivariable stochastic systems with dynamic structure of neural network
Authors: Král L. , Šimandl M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe article deals with a challenging problem of adaptive control design for multivariable stochastic systems with a functional uncertainty. Model of the system is based on multi‐layered perceptron neural networks where both the unknown parameters and the structure are found in real time without a necessity of any off‐line training process. The unknown parameters are estimated by a global estimation method, the Gaussian sum filter, and the structure of the neural network model is optimized by a proposed pruning method. The control law is based on a bicriterial approach to the suboptimal dual control. Two individual criteria are designed and used to introduce conflicting efforts between the estimation and control; probing and caution. A comparison of the proposed dual control and its alternative with an implementation of the pruning algorithm is shown in a numerical example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed [3+4] Annulation of 2‐(Heteroaryl)‐ cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates with Cyclopentadiene
Authors: Ivanova Olga A. , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Chagarovskiy Alexey O. , Kaplun Alexey E. , Trushkov Igor V. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel Lewis acid‐catalyzed [3+4] annulation of 2‐(heteroaryl)cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates with cyclopentadiene is reported. This reaction proceeds via an electrophilic attack of the Lewis acid‐activated donor‐acceptor cyclopropane onto cyclopentadiene followed by Friedel–Crafts intramolecular alkylation of the heteroarene substituent. This is the first general example of reactions of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes wherein the donor substituent serves as a nucleophile. The described annulation represents a convenient approach to bicyclo[3.2.1]octa‐2,6‐dienes with heteroarenes annulated to C(2)‐C(3) bond. Its efficiency was demonstrated for a series of furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, and indolyl substituted cyclopropanes. Additionally, in the case of 2‐(5‐methyl‐2‐furyl)cyclopropane‐1,1‐diester we observed the predominant formation of product of the [3+4] annulation or the tetracyclic 5,8‐methanocyclopenta[a]azulene derivative, depending on the reaction conditions.
Chlorinative Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes by Enantioselective Palladium(II)/Palladium(IV) Catalysis
Authors: Takenaka Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Shintaro , Takizawa Shinobu , Sasai Hiroaki 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel asymmetric catalysis via a palladium(II)/palladium(IV) cycle has been developed by utilizing a chiral spiro bis(isoxazoline) ligand (SPRIX). Intramolecular chlorinative cyclization of 1,6‐enynes catalyzed by a palladium‐SPRIX complex proceeded enantioselectively to afford α‐methylene‐γ‐lactone derivatives.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Intermolecular Cyclization of Acrylic Acid with Alkenes to α‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones
Authors: Yonehara Koji , Miyoshi Yasuyuki , Tsukajima Aki , Akatsuka Takeo , Saito Makoto 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe methodology in this article is a palladium(II)/copper(II)‐ or palladium(II)‐catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of acrylic acid with alkenes to produce α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone derivatives using molecular oxygen as an environmentally benign oxidant. In this system, the carboxylato, especially trifluoroacetato, or trimethylacetato ligand, plays a quite important role to afford a high catalytic activity by suppressing the deposition of palladium(0) black.
Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling with Part‐Per‐Million Catalyst Loadings
Authors: Sun Ya‐Lei , Zhang Yuan , Cui Xiao‐Hui , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn efficient protocol has been developed for the preparation of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles via a copper(I)‐catalyzed tandem reaction of 2‐iodoanilines with isothiocyanates at very low catalyst loadings [typically 50 ppm of copper(I) iodide (CuI)]. A variety of 2‐iodoanilines could be cross‐coupled with isothiocyanates, affording 2‐aminobenzothiazoles in moderate to good yields (49–93%) under the given conditions. The turnover number (TON) of this reaction reaches 67,000 and the reaction could be scaled up, at least, to the gram‐scale.
Brief communication: Co‐detection of Bartonella quintana and Yersinia pestis in an 11th–15th burial site in Bondy, France
Authors: Tran Thi‐Nguyen‐Ny , Forestier Cyrille Le , Drancourt Michel , Raoult Didier , Aboudharam Gérard 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHistorical and anthropological data suggest that skeletons excavated from an 11th to 15th century mass grave in Bondy, France, may be those of victims of the Great Plague. Using high‐throughput real‐time PCR investigation of the dental pulp collected from 14 teeth from five such skeletons, we detected Bartonella quintana DNA in three individuals and Yersinia pestis DNA in two individuals. DNA from five other deadly pathogens was not found. Suicide PCR genotyping confirmed Y. pestis DNA belonging to the Orientalis biotype. One individual had co‐infection. These data suggest a plague epidemic in a population already infected by the body louse‐transmitted B. quintana or a body louse‐driven transmission of the plague that drove a medieval epidemic in inland Europe. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of femoral torsion during prenatal growth: Interpretations associated with the effects of intrauterine pressure
Authors: Bonneau Noémie , Simonis Caroline , Seringe Raphaël , Tardieu Christine 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe developing fetus is protected from external environmental influences by maternal tissues. However, these structures have a limited elasticity, such that the fetus must grow in a confined space, constraining its size at the end of pregnancy. Can these constraints modify the morphology of the fetal skeleton? The intensity of these constraints increases between 5 months and birth, making it the most appropriate period to address this question. A sample of 89 fetal femora was analyzed, and results provide evidence that during this period, the torsion of the femoral shaft (quantified by means of a new three‐dimensional method) increases gradually. Two explanations were considered: this increase could signal effects of constraints induced by the intrauterine cavity, developmental patterning, or some combination of these two. Different arguments tend to support the biomechanical explanation, rather than a programming pattern formation. Indeed, the identification of the femur as a first degree lever, created by the hyperflexion of the fetal lower limbs on the pelvis, could explain the increase in femoral shaft torsion during prenatal life. A comparison with femora of infants is in accordance with this mechanical interpretation, which is possible through bone modeling/remodeling. Although genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may regulate timing of fetal development, our data suggest that at birth, the fetal skeleton also has an intrauterine mechanical history through adaptive bone plasticity. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: DNA from early Holocene American dog
Authors: Tito Raul Y. , Belknap Samuel L. , Sobolik Kristin D. , Ingraham Robert C. , Cleeland Lauren M. , Lewis Cecil M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe present the oldest genetically identified dog in the Americas, directly dated to 9,260 ± 170 Cal. B.P. The DNA was extracted from an occipital condyle imbedded in a human paleofecal sample from Hinds Cave in southwest Texas. A 368 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial genome control region was sequenced. These data were analyzed with comparable data, which included other ancient dogs and extant dogs, wolves and coyotes from around the world. Compiled with published data, our results characterize ancient American dogs within clades rooted by Eurasian wolves. In the Americas, these data provide no evidence of local interbreeding with wolves. This is a departure from the genetic pattern in other areas of the world where interbreeding with local wolf populations is apparent. Our discovery of domestic dog bone in a human paleofecal sample provides the earliest direct evidence for human consumption of dogs in the New World. These data support the hypothesis that dogs were a food source for early Paleoamericans. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The postcranial dimensions of the La Chapelle‐aux‐saints 1 Neandertal
Authors: Trinkaus Erik 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe La Chapelle‐aux‐Saints 1 Neandertal has figured prominently in considerations of Neandertal body size and proportions. In this context, a reassessment of its major long bones and a reassembly of its principal pelvic elements (sacrum and right ilium) was undertaken. There are secure measurements for its humeral and radial lengths and its femoral head diameter, but the femoral and tibial lengths were almost certainly greater than previous values. The resultant humeral, femoral and tibial lengths are similar to those of other male Neandertals, its femoral head diameter is among the largest known for Middle and Late Pleistocene humans, but its radial length is relatively short. The pelvic assembly provides modest bi‐iliac and inlet transverse diameters compared with the few sufficiently complete and undistorted Middle and Late Pleistocene archaic human pelves, but its dimensions are similar to those of large male early modern humans. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“How pendulum‐like are siamangs? energy exchange during brachiation”
Authors: Michilsens Fana , D'Août Kristiaan , Aerts Peter 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHylobatidae (gibbons and siamangs) are known for their brachiation skills. The comparison of brachiation with a pendulum is made several times in the literature, and the costs and benefits of being pendulum‐like are well described. However, the amount of energy exchange during brachiation of gibbons has rarely been determined. In this study, the amount of energy recovery (ER) during brachiation is assessed for three siamangs in a seminatural environment. The animals were recorded by four cameras while voluntarily brachiating on three different setups. The effects of locomotion speed, brachiation type, and setup on ER as well as on the external mechanical work during brachiation are determined. It is hypothesized that the amount of ER decreases with an increasing setup complexity while the external mechanical work increases. Additionally, we expect that support arm kinematics will be adjusted according to spatial complexity in order to maintain high recovery percentages. Our results show that ER is mainly determined by brachiation speed. Regardless of type of brachiation or setup, brachiation is done with a lower ER when brachiating faster. Within our limited range of setup variation, the expected effect of increasing complexity is not found. Although there is significant variation in support arm joint angles, no clear relation with speed, brachiation type, or setup is observed. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization and oxidative stress response of an intracellular Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Li Jun‐Min , Su Yun‐Lin , Gao Xian‐Long , He Jiao , Liu Shu‐Sheng , Wang Xiao‐Wei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSuperoxide dismutases (SODs) are important for the survival of insects under environmental and biological stresses; however, little attention has been devoted to the functional characterization of SODs in whitefly. In this study, an intracellular copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) (Bt‐CuZnSOD) was cloned. Sequence analysis indicated that the full length cDNA of Bt‐CuZnSOD is of 907 bp with a 471 bp open reading frame encoding 157 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence shares common consensus patterns with the CuZnSODs of various vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Bt‐CuZnSOD is grouped together with intracellular CuZnSODs. Bt‐CuZnSOD was then over‐expressed in E. coli and purified using GST purification system. The enzymatic activity of purified Bt‐CuZnSOD was assayed under various temperatures. When whiteflies were exposed to low (4°C) and high (40°C) temperatures, the in vivo activity of Bt‐CuZnSOD was significantly increased. Furthermore, we measured the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, catalase and peroxidase, in the whitefly after transferring the whitefly from cotton to tobacco (an unfavorable host plant). We found that the activity of SOD increased rapidly on tobacco plant. Taken together, these results suggest that the Bt‐CuZnSOD plays a major role in protecting the whitefly against various stress conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On generating multivariate Poisson data in management science applications
Authors: Yahav Inbal , Shmueli Galit 
Published: May 2011

Generating multivariate Poisson random variables is essential in many applications, such as multi echelon supply chain systems, multi‐item/multi‐period pricing models, accident monitoring systems, etc. Current simulation methods suffer from limitations ranging from computational complexity to restrictions on the structure of the correlation matrix, and therefore are rarely used in management science. Instead, multivariate Poisson data are commonly approximated by either univariate Poisson or multivariate Normal data. However, these approximations are often not adequate in practice.In this paper, we propose a conceptually appealing correction for NORTA (NORmal To Anything) for generating multivariate Poisson data with a flexible correlation structure and rates. NORTA is based on simulating data from a multivariate Normal distribution and converting it into an arbitrary continuous distribution with a specific correlation matrix. We show that our method is both highly accurate and computationally efficient. We also show the managerial advantages of generating multivariate Poisson data over univariate Poisson or multivariate Normal data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agency, resilience and coping: Exploring the psychosocial effects of goat ownership on orphaned and vulnerable children in Western Kenya
Authors: Winsor Robyn Elizabeth , Skovdal Morten 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDespite an increase in goat donation programmes geared at orphaned and vulnerable children in sub‐Saharan Africa, the social psychological effects of goat ownership on the lives of these children have yet to be investigated. To shed light on the ways in which goat ownership affects children's psychosocial well‐being, this paper presents a case study of a goat donation programme in Western Kenya, paying particular attention to children's interaction with the goats. Informed by social psychological understandings of resilience and coping, we involved fifteen children (aged 12–17) in this qualitative study, using photographs and written reflections to describe the impact of goat ownership on their lives. The children also created daily routine diagrams and community maps and participated in two group discussions to explore their experiences further. The guardians of two of the participating children were also interviewed. A thematic content analysis of all our data revealed that goat ownership, within this social environment, enabled children to (i) generate income as a result of their participation in goat management, (ii) negotiate social support and (iii) create positive images of self and life – deriving emotional benefits. We conclude that goat ownership provides orphaned and vulnerable children with opportunities for positive social participation and community engagement that can facilitate children's resilience. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Specific Targeting and Imaging of Live Cancer Cells by Using a Peptide Probe Developed from Rationally Designed Peptides
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Zhao Rui , Fu Yabin , Zhang Qundan , Xiong Shaoxiang , Li Li , Zhou Rouli , Liu Guoquan , Chen Yi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSpecific detection and in vivo tracing of cancer biomarkers are important for cancer analysis. In this work, a simple and effective strategy for developing peptide probes was established. Peptides were rationally designed by using an antisense peptide approach directed towards an extracellular fragment (EL2) of a novel tumor‐related protein LAPTM4B. Positional‐scanning and stepwise affinity screening was employed to obtain an optimal peptide AP2H (IHGHHIISVG). The dissociation constant between the two small peptides, AP2H and the target EL2, was 5.51 μM under physiological conditions. Fluorescence imaging assays indicated that AP2H can recognize live hepatoma cells by targeting the LAPTM4B protein on the cell surface with high specificity, low cytotoxicity and desirable cell penetrability. Compared to negative control cells, AP2H could differentiate cells with different expression levels of LAPTM4B. The screened peptide probe for molecular signatures of cancer cells, based on targeting the LAPTM4B protein, has potential applications in cancer diagnosis and targetable drug delivery.
Some Phorbol Esters Might Partially Resemble Bryostatin 1 in their Actions on LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells and U937 Leukemia Cells
Authors: Kedei Noemi , Lubart Emanuel , Lewin Nancy E. , Telek Andrea , Lim Langston , Mannan Poonam , Garfield Susan H. , Kraft Matthew B. , Keck Gary E. , Kolusheva Sofiya , Jelinek Raz , Blumberg Peter M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPhorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and bryostatin 1 are both potent protein kinase C (PKC) activators. In LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, PMA induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) secretion and inhibits proliferation; bryostatin 1 does not, and indeed blocks the response to PMA. This difference has been attributed to bryostatin 1 not localizing PKCδ to the plasma membrane. Since phorbol ester lipophilicity influences PKCδ localization, we have examined in LNCaP cells a series of phorbol esters and related derivatives spanning some eight logs in lipophilicity (logP) to see if any behave like bryostatin 1. The compounds showed marked differences in their effects on proliferation and TNFα secretion. For example, maximal responses for TNFα secretion relative to PMA ranged from 97 % for octyl‐indolactam V to 24 % for phorbol 12,13‐dibenzoate. Dose–response curves ranged from monophasic for indolactam V to markedly biphasic for sapintoxin D. The divergent patterns of response, however, correlated neither to lipophilicity, to plasma membrane translocation of PKCδ, nor to the ability to interact with model membranes. In U937 human leukemia cells, a second system in which PMA and bryostatin 1 have divergent effects, viz. PMA but not bryostatin 1 inhibits proliferation and induces attachment, all the compounds acted like PMA for proliferation, but several induced a reduced level or a biphasic dose–response curve for attachment. We conclude that active phorbol esters are not all equivalent. Depending on the system, some might partially resemble bryostatin 1 in their behavior; this encourages the concept that bryostatin‐like behavior may be obtained from other structural templates.
A technique to access difficult to find upper extremity veins for right heart catheterization: The levogram technique
Authors: Pancholy Samir B. , Sweeney Joseph 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUpper extremity venous access provides a safer alternative for performance of right heart catheterization compared to femoral venous access. We describe a technique to access deep veins of the upper extremity, in patients undergoing transradial catheterization, using levophase contrast venography. This technique allows the operator to access deep veins of the upper extremity without the need for additional equipment, staff or training, using traditional basic catheterization laboratory skills and equipment. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Left atrial appendage closure with Amplatzer cardiac plug for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Initial Asia‐Pacific experience
Authors: Lam Yat‐Yin , Yip Gabriel W.K. , Yu Cheuk‐Man , Chan Wilson W.M. , Cheng Boron C.W. , Yan Bryan P. , Clugston Richard , Yong Gerald , Gattorna Tim , Paul Vincent 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground: Left atrial appendage (LAA) is the main source of left atrial thrombus that causes stroke in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This study reported the initial safety, feasibility, and 1‐yr clinical outcomes following AMPLATZER cardiac plug (ACP) implantation in Asia‐Pacific region.Methods: Twenty NVAF patients (16 males, age 68 ± 9 yr) with high risk for developing cardioembolic stroke (CHADS2 score: 2.3 ± 1.3) and contraindications to warfarin received ACP implants from June 2009 to May 2010. Patients received general anesthesia (n = 9) or controlled propofol sedation (n = 11) and the procedures were guided by fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Clinical follow‐up was arranged at 1 month and then every 3 months after implantation, whereas, a TEE was scheduled at 1 month upon completion of dual anti‐platelet therapy.Results: The LAA was successfully occluded in 19/20 patients (95%) at two Asian centers. One procedure was abandoned because of catheter‐related thrombus formation. Other complications included coronary artery air embolism (n = 1) and TEE‐attributed esophageal injury (n = 1). The median procedural and fluoroscopic times were 79 (IQR: 59–100) and 18 (IQR 12–27) minutes, respectively. The mean size of implant was 23.6 ± 3.1 mm. The average hospital stay was 1.8 ± 1.1 days. Follow‐up TEE showed all the LAA orifices were sealed without device‐related thrombus formation. No stroke or death occurred at a mean follow‐up of 12.7 ± 3.1 months. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggested LAA closure with ACP is safe, feasible with encouraging 1‐yr clinical outcomes. Further large‐scaled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of this device. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Noncalcified plaque: Relationship between results of multislice computed tomography, risk factors, and late clinical outcome
Authors: Aggarwal Niti R. , Knickelbine Thomas , Tande Aaron , Stoltzfus Luke , Lesser John R. , Schwartz Robert S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground: Contrast‐enhanced multislice computed tomographic angiography (MSCTA) detects noncalcified plaque (NCP) in coronary arteries and associated coronary stenoses. However, the clinical relevance of NCP is poorly defined. Objectives: Our goal was to examine the relationship NCP, risk factors (RFs), and clinical follow‐up in unselected outpatients undergoing MSCTA. Methods: Five hundred six patients undergoing contrast MSCTA were evaluated for NCP (intraluminal density 25 < Hounsfield units < 130). One hundred twenty‐four patients (24.5%) had calcium scores (CAC) of zero. Of these, 111 patients were examined for RFs and followed clinically for a mean of 34 months. Results: Of 124 patients with zero CAC, 111 (89.5%) included 52 (46.8%) with no NCP, 40 (36.0%) with NCP, and mild luminal stenosis, 14 (12.6%) and 5 (4.5%) with NCP causing significant and severe stenosis, respectively. Patients in each group were similar in age but differed significantly in number of RFs. Current or former smokers, hypertensive, and obese patients had more NCP and associated stenosis. At a mean of 34 months, there were no events in the no NCP group, 2/54 (3.7%) events in the NCP without severe stenosis group (one sudden cardiac death and one ventricular tachycardia), and 2/5 (40.0%) patients had revascularization in the NCP with severe stenosis group. Conclusions: (1) In patients with zero CAC, presence of NCP on MSCTA was associated with more RFs, especially smoking, obesity, and hypertension. (2) NCP can result in severe coronary stenosis. (3) NCP detected by MSCTA in patients with zero CAC may identify patients with late cardiac events. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.