bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The International Legal Framework for Area-Based Marine Management Tools
Authors: Matz-Lück Nele , Al-Hajjaji Shams 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArea-based management tools (ABMTs) for the marine realm can comprise a multitude of different concepts. They have in common that their main purpose is the conservation of the marine environment and the balancing of different ocean uses. Although marine protected areas (MPAs) are a widely discussed concept and part of ABMTs, the latter term goes further. This is exemplified by theAgreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction(BBNJ Agreement) that includes a definition of ABMTs. Many such tools address specific human ocean uses in a geographically defined area, for example, shipping, fisheries, seabed mining, and other resource extraction. Others are designed to be cross-sectoral and pursue a broader objective such as balancing (all) relevant uses as part of marine spatial planning or more comprehensive protection of biological diversity. This chapter focuses upon international legal agreements that employ area-based management which addresses or potentially affects shipping to explore and compare their scope and purposes. This includes treaties with a global scope (e.g., UNCLOS, MARPOL, SOLAS, BBNJ Agreement) but also some regionally limited instruments (e.g., regional fisheries agreements). One of the leading questions is to what extent the international legal framework on ABMTs is set up in a coherent manner or whether—due to different purposes of ABMTs from different agreements and disconnection—it places burdens upon the shipping sector that are not necessarily justified to enhance sustainability in ocean governance.
Mendelian randomization study on association between grip strength and BMD in different age groups
Authors: Zhu Yingying , Chi Kede , Wang Jiaci 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to use the Mendelian randomization study method to verify the causal relationship between grip strength and bone mineral density (BMD) in different ages and different parts of the body.

Materials and methods
The analysis was based on pooled data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Hand grip strength (right) was used as the exposure variable and total body bone mineral density (BMD) of different age groups was used as the outcome variable. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms highly correlated with exposure variables were used as instrumental variables. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis method, and the Mendelian randomization Egger (MR-Egger) regression and weighted median methods were used as supplementary evidence for the IVW results. Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests were conducted to ensure the stability of the results.

Results
Analyzing the GWAS data on osteoporosis as the outcome variable, the IVW analysis showed that osteoporosis risk was associated with decreased grip strength in the 45–60 age group and the risk of declining lumbar spine BMD was associated with decreased grip strength. However, there was no significant correlation between the risk of osteoporosis in other age groups and changes in grip strength.

Conclusion
A causal relationship exists between decreased grip strength and osteoporosis risk in people aged 45–60 years. The risk of BMD declining in the lumbar spine was associated with reduced grip strength.
Extraction of uranyl from spent nuclear fuel wastewater via complexation—a local vibrational mode study
Authors: Peluzo Bárbara M. T. C. , Moura Renaldo T. , Kraka Elfi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Context
The efficient extraction of uranyl from spent nuclear fuel wastewater for subsequent reprocessing and reuse is an essential effort toward minimization of long-lived radioactive waste. N-substituted amides and Schiff base ligands are propitious candidates, where extraction occurs via complexation with the uranyl moiety. In this study, we extensively probed chemical bonding in various uranyl complexes, utilizing the local vibrational modes theory alongside QTAIM and NBO analyses. We focused on (i) the assessment of the equatorial O-U and N-U bonding, including the question of chelation, and (ii) how the strength of the axial U$$=$$
=
O bonds of the uranyl moiety changes upon complexation. Our results reveal that the strength of the equatorial uranium-ligand interactions correlates with their covalent character and with charge donation from O and N lone pairs into the vacant uranium orbitals. We also found an inverse relationship between the covalent character of the equatorial ligand bonds and the strength of the axial uranium-oxygen bond. In summary, our study provides valuable data for a strategic modulation of N-substituted amide and Schiff base ligands towards the maximization of uranyl extraction.

Method
Quantum chemistry calculations were performed under the PBE0 level of theory, paired with the relativistic NESCau Hamiltonian, currently implemented in Cologne2020 (interfaced with Gaussian16). Wave functions were expanded in the cc-pwCVTZ-X2C basis set for uranium and Dunning’s cc-pVTZ for the remaining atoms. For the bonding properties, we utilized the package LModeA in the local modes analyses, AIMALL in the QTAIM calculations, and NBO 7.0 for the NBO analyses.

Graphical abstract
Big data and predictive analytics: A systematic review of applications
Authors: Jamarani Amirhossein , Haddadi Saeid , Sarvizadeh Raheleh , Haghi Kashani Mostafa , Akbari Mohammad , Moradi Saeed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBig data involves processing vast amounts of data using advanced techniques. Its potential is harnessed for predictive analytics, a sophisticated branch that anticipates unknown future events by discerning patterns observed in historical data. Various techniques obtained from modeling, data mining, statistics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are employed to analyze available history to extract discriminative patterns for predictors. This study aims to analyze the main research approaches on Big Data Predictive Analytics (BDPA) based on very up-to-date published articles from 2014 to 2023. In this article, we fully concentrate on predictive analytics using big data mining techniques, where we perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by reviewing 109 articles. Based on the application and content of current studies, we introduce taxonomy including seven major categories of industrial, e-commerce, smart healthcare, smart agriculture, smart city, Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), and weather. The benefits and weaknesses of each approach, potentially important changes, and open issues, in addition to future paths, are discussed. The compiled SLR not only extends on BDPA’s strengths, open issues, and future works but also detects the need for optimizing the insufficient metrics in big data applications, such as timeliness, accuracy, and scalability, which would enable organizations to apply big data to shift from retrospective analytics to prospective predictive if fulfilled.
Disulfidptosis: A new type of cell death
Authors: Xiao Fei , Li Hui-Li , Yang Bei , Che Hao , Xu Fei , Li Gang , Zhou Cheng-Hui , Wang Sheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDisulfidptosis is a novel form of cell death that is distinguishable from established programmed cell death pathways such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and oxeiptosis. This process is characterized by the rapid depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in cells and high expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) during glucose starvation, resulting in abnormal cystine accumulation, which subsequently induces andabnormal disulfide bond formation in actin cytoskeleton proteins, culminating in actin network collapse and disulfidptosis. This review aimed to summarize the underlying mechanisms, influencing factors, comparisons with traditional cell death pathways, associations with related diseases, application prospects, and future research directions related to disulfidptosis.
Examining the Implementation of the VLS Momentum Project: A Hybrid Approach to Supporting Foundational Practices in Early Care and Education
Authors: Lang Sarah. N. , Tebben Erin , Ryu Dahyung , Odean Rosalie , Knight Kristen M. , Tyree Jovanna , Luckey Summer W. , Fox Erin G. , Buettner Cynthia K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractApproximately 40% of the U.S. early care and education (ECE) workforce lacks foundational training in research-based, developmentally appropriate practices for working with young children, which can impact the quality of ECE they can provide. To support young children’s positive developmental trajectories, it is critical that all teachers have access to comprehensive, high-quality ECE professional development that helps translate knowledge into practice. This pilot study examined a community-based pilot of the U.S. Federal Agency Virtual Lab School (VLS) platform for ECE teachers in childcare centers providing publicly funded childcare. The 15-month hybrid professional development intervention (internet-based content paired with individualized coaching) was positively received by teachers. Results show that comprehensive, foundational professional development using a hybrid approach is feasible in community based ECE settings. Teachers cited supportive relationships with their coaches and accommodations made by their centers as key facilitators of progress; time pressures and complications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic were barriers that impeded completion. Giving teachers time and support to complete foundational ECE training may help a greater number of ECE teachers achieve competency, and thus, better support all young children receiving care.
Hidden Phytophthora diversity unveiled in tree nurseries of the Czech Republic with traditional and metabarcoding techniques
Authors: Bačová Aneta , Cooke David E. L. , Milenković Ivan , Májek Tomáš , Nagy Zoltán Á. , Corcobado Tamara , Randall Eva , Keillor Beatrix , Cock Peter J. A. , Jung Marília Horta , Jung Thomas , Tomšovský Michal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhytophthora diversity was examined in eight forest and ornamental nurseries in the Czech Republic. A leaf baiting isolation technique and, in two nurseries, also Illumina DNA metabarcoding were used to reveal the diversity of Phytophthora in soil and irrigation water and compare the efficacy of both approaches. In total, baiting revealed the occurrence of 12 Phytophthora taxa in 59.4% of soil samples from seven (87.5%) nurseries. Additional baiting of compost was carried out in two nurseries and two Phytophthora species were recovered. Irrigation water was examined in three nurseries by baiting or by direct isolation from partially decomposed floating leaves collected from the water source, and two Phytophthora species were obtained. Illumina sequencing of soil and water samples was done in two and one nurseries, respectively. Phytophthora reads were identified as 45 Phytophthora taxa, 15 of them previously unknown taxa from Clades 6, 7, 8 and 9. Another 11 taxa belonged to known or undescribed species of the oomycete genera Globisporangium, Hyaloperonospora, Nothophytophthora, Peronospora and Plasmopara. Overall, with both techniques 50 Phytophthora taxa were detected with five taxa (P. taxon organica, P. plurivora, P. rosacearum, P. syringae and P. transitoria) being exclusively detected by baiting and 38 only by DNA metabarcoding. Particularly common records in DNA barcoding were P. cinnamomi and P. lateralis which were not isolated by baiting. Only seven species were detected by both techniques. It is recommended to use the combination of both techniques to determine true diversity of Phytophthora in managed or natural ecosystems and reveal the presence of rare or unknown Phytophthora taxa.
Colorimetric sensor to monitor the temperature with in situ synthesized silver nanoparticles embedded in carboxymethyl cellulose metallogel
Authors: Song Yujin , Ryu Suhyun , Baek Ki Ho , Bae Chaewon , Jo Cheorun , Lee Kangwon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA colorimetric sensing platform based on carboxymethyl cellulose-silver nanoparticles (CMC-AgNPs) metallogel was proposed to monitor the temperature history and quality of perishable products stored at low temperature. The carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) metallogel, fabricated in the presence of Ag+, incorporates ionic crosslinking of biopolymers, complexation between reactants, and subsequent in situ synthesis of AgNPs, which are designed to lead the color transition of metallogel from colorless to dark brown depending on temperature and time. The mechanical and structural properties of metallogels and AgNPs were characterized by rheology, XRD, and FT-IR. Color changes associated with temperature, time, and metal ion precursors were examined by UV–visible spectroscopy and colorimetry. The longer the exposure time to thermal stress condition such as room temperature (25 °C) or high temperature (60 °C), the deeper the color of metallogel. The CMC-AgNPs metallogel-based sensor provides an efficient, safe way to track temperature history and assess perishable products’ quality, crucial for the safe distribution of food, vaccines, and medicines. This cost-effective and reliable visual sensor minimizes spoilage and health risks by enabling accurate temperature monitoring without the need for complicated equipment.
Hierarchical Phased-Array Antennas Coupled to Al KIDs: A Scalable Architecture for Multi-band Millimeter/Submillimeter Focal Planes
Authors: Martin Jean-Marc , Kim Junhan , Defrance Fabien , Shu Shibo , Beyer Andrew D. , Day Peter K. , Sayers Jack , Golwala Sunil R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present the optical characterization of two-scale hierarchical phased-array antenna kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) for millimeter/submillimeter wavelengths. Our KIDs have a lumped-element architecture with parallel plate capacitors and aluminum inductors. The incoming light is received with a hierarchical phased array of slot dipole antennas, split into 4 frequency bands (between 125 GHz and 365 GHz) with on-chip lumped-element band-pass filters, and routed to different KIDs using microstriplines. Individual pixels detect light for the 3 higher-frequency bands (190–365 GHz), and the signals from four individual pixels are coherently summed to create a larger pixel detecting light for the lowest frequency band (125–175 GHz). The spectral response of the band-pass filters was measured using Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS), the far-field beam pattern of the phased-array antennas was obtained using an infrared source mounted on a 2-axis translating stage, and the optical efficiency of the KIDs was characterized by observing loads at 294 K and 77 K. We report on the results of these three measurements.
Too much of a good thing? High volumes of positive WOM can undermine adopters of new technology products
Authors: Alexander David L. , Moore Sarah G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe explore how first-time adopters of complex new technology products are influenced by the volume of positive WOM that they receive prior to adoption. Such positive WOM can flow through to alter adopter’s goals during initial product use, with consequences for their usage experiences and strategies. Two longitudinal surveys and an experiment reveal a potential downside of positive WOM. Specifically, receiving a greater volume of positive WOM about a new technology product can establish normative standards for adopter’s performance during product use. This leads adopters to feel pressure to meet those standards, prompting avoidance-oriented performance goals for initial use of their new product. Together, these processes undermine adopter’s experiences with their new product, as well as their strategies for using it. Our findings offer insights for marketers and researchers by identifying and explaining an ironic post-adoption effect of PWOM.Too much of a good thing? High volumes of positive WOM can undermine adopters of new technology products.
Online Abuse of Politicians: Experimental Evidence on Politicians’ Own Perceptions
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus T. , Petersen Niels Bjørn Grund , Thau Mads 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Criticism from dissatisfied citizens is an inevitable part of being an elected politician in a democracy. However, when negative feedback from citizens turns into outright abuse, this can have pernicious personal and democratic consequences. In this study, we therefore investigate how politicians perceive criticisms, insults, threats, and sexist remarks in social media comments. Based on a survey experiment with more than 700 politicians from the local, regional, and national levels, we show that politicians’ assessment of the abusiveness of negative messages are not only affected by the content of the messages but also by political ideology and gender. Left-leaning politicians find negative social media comments to be more abusive than right-leaning politicians do. In addition, politicians are more averse to negative comments targeting women than negative comments targeting men, and male politicians are generally less averse to negative comments than female politicians are. Somewhat surprisingly, politicians are generally not affected by in-party biases, as they exhibit similar levels of aversion towards negative messages directed at co-partisans and out-partisans. While previous research has focused on the extent to which politicians receive online abuse, few studies have examined how politicians perceive potentially abusive messages, and our study thus provides novel insights into what exactly politicians consider to be abusive behavior on social media.
The Personalization of Electoral Participation? The Relationship Between Trait Evaluations of Presidential Candidates and Turnout Decisions in American Presidential Elections 1980–2020
Authors: Segerberg Tim 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The personalization thesis claims that leaders’ influence over voters has increased. While research consistently shows that candidates influence party choice, we know little about their effects on the prior decision to turn out in elections. This article represents the first study to examine the relationship between candidate trait evaluations and turnout decisions in the American context and the first longitudinal study of the phenomenon. The study utilizes ANES data to test three hypotheses drawn from theories on electoral participation and personalized politics in U.S. presidential elections between 1980 and 2020. The results show that while trait evaluations of Republican candidates consistently affect turnout, perceptions of Democratic candidates’ competence mobilize voters in specific elections. Moreover, individual polarization promotes turnout, particularly among partisan dealigned voters with different perceptions of the candidates’ competence. The results indicate a personalization of electoral participation that can benefit civic engagement and democratic quality.
Quantum variations of cyclotomic cosets for cyclic stabiliser codes construction
Authors: Yap En Chong , Ong Kai Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCyclotomic cosets are intrinsically linked with the design and construction of classical cyclic codes whose properties can be inferred from the coset structures. This paper proposes some new quantum variations of cyclotomic cosets for cyclic stabiliser construction. These variations are governed by several parameters which are devoted to designing the two essential parts: the error part and the position part of these cosets. Criteria on these cosets in generating additive cyclic stabiliser are extensively studied, followed by actual implementation on stabiliser codes construction of several selected classes of length.
The Sun’s Non-Potential Corona over Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Yeates Anthony R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe global magnetic field in the solar corona is known to contain free magnetic energy and magnetic helicity above that of a current-free (potential) state. But the strength of this non-potentiality and its evolution over the solar cycle remain uncertain. Here we model the corona over Solar Cycle 24 using a simplified magneto-frictional model that retains the magnetohydrodynamic induction equation but assumes relaxation towards force-free equilibrium, driven by solar surface motions and flux emergence. The model is relatively conservative compared to some others in the literature, with free energy approximately 20 – 25% of the potential field energy. We find that unsigned helicity is about a factor 10 higher at Maximum than Minimum, while free magnetic energy shows an even greater increase. The cycle averages of these two quantities are linearly correlated, extending a result found previously for active regions. Also, we propose a practical measure of eruptivity for these simulations, and show that this increases concurrently with the sunspot number, in accordance with observed coronal mass ejection rates. Whilst shearing by surface motions generates $50\%$
50
%
or more of the free energy and helicity in the corona, we show that active regions must emerge with their own internal helicity otherwise the eruptivity is substantially reduced and follows the wrong pattern over time.
Time-Delay Cosmography: Measuring the Hubble Constant and Other Cosmological Parameters with Strong Gravitational Lensing
Authors: Birrer S. , Millon M. , Sluse D. , Shajib A. J. , Courbin F. , Erickson S. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Suyu S. H. , Treu T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultiply lensed images of a same source experience a relative time delay in the arrival of photons due to the path length difference and the different gravitational potentials the photons travel through. This effect can be used to measure absolute distances and the Hubble constant ($H_{0}$

H
0

) and is known as time-delay cosmography. The method is independent of the local distance ladder and early-universe physics and provides a precise and competitive measurement of $H_{0}$

H
0

. With upcoming observatories, time-delay cosmography can provide a 1% precision measurement of $H_{0}$

H
0

and can decisively shed light on the current reported ‘Hubble tension’. This manuscript details the general methodology developed over the past decades in time-delay cosmography, discusses recent advances and results, and, foremost, provides a foundation and outlook for the next decade in providing accurate and ever more precise measurements with increased sample size and improved observational techniques.
An invitation to conventionalism: a philosophy for modern (space-)times
Authors: Dürr Patrick , Read James 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGeometric underdetermination (i.e., the underdetermination of the geometric properties of space and time) is a live possibility in light of some of our best theories of physics. In response to this, geometric conventionalism offers a selective anti-realism, refusing to assign truth values to variant geometric propositions. Although often regarded as being dead in the water by modern philosophers, in this article we propose to revitalise the programme of geometric conventionalism both on its own terms, and as an attractive response to the above-mentioned live cases of geometric underdetermination. Specifically, we (1) articulate geometrical conventionalism as we conceive it, (2) anticipate various objections to the view, and defend it against those objections, and (3) demonstrate how geometric conventionalism plays out in the context of a wide variety of spacetime theories, both classical and relativistic.