bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD07-08: The Effect on Surgical Complications of Bevacizumab Added to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: NSABP Protocol B-40.
Authors: Bear HD , Tang G , Rastogi P , Geyer CE , André R , Atkins JN , Baez-Diaz L , Brufsky AM , Mehta RS , Fehrenbacher L , Pajon ER , Senecal FM , Gaur R , Margolese RG , Adams PT , Gross HM , Costantino JP , Swain SM , Mamounas EP , Wolmark N 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The NSABP trial B-40 was designed to determine whether adding capecitabine or gemcitabine to docetaxel followed by AC would increase the pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in patients with operable HER2−negative breast cancer and to determine whether the addition of bevacizumab to three docetaxel-based regimens followed by AC would increase pCR rates. Secondary endpoints include the percentage of surgical complications after mastectomy, lumpectomy, and axillary staging procedures in the patients who received chemotherapy versus those who received chemotherapy and bevacizumab.
Methods: Women with HER2−negative operable breast cancer received one of the following docetaxel-based regimens with or without bevacizumab (15mg/kg) every 3 weeks for four cycles: docetaxel 100 mg/m2 IV; docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and capecitabine 825 mg/m2 po BID days 1–14; and docetaxel 75 mg/m2 day 1 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV days 1 and 8. These regimens were followed by preoperative standard AC on day 1 every 21 days for four cycles with or without bevacizumab 15 mg/kg given with the initial 2 cycles of AC. Treatment groups randomized to receive bevacizumab resumed postoperative bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks for an additional 10 doses. Assessment of surgical complications was performed from the date of surgery through 24 months following study entry.
Results: Planned analysis for surgical complications will be conducted in October 2011 and will be presented along with breast reconstruction data.
Funded by NCI PHS grants U10-CA-37377, U10-CA-69974, U10-CA-12027, U10-CA-69651, and U10-CA-52667, with additional support from F. Hoffmann La-Roche, Ltd., Genentech, USA, and Eli Lilly and Company.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD07-08.
Abstract A25: Patient Navigation Research Program: Time to diagnostic resolution
Authors: Battaglia Tracy A. , Freund Karen M. , Bak Sharon , Kalish Richard L. , Egan A. Patrick , Heeren Tim C. , Lottero Barbara , Taylor James , Thakrar Nisha , Tringale Stephen M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
There is a need for controlled research studies to assess the impact of patient navigation on patient outcomes. The goal is to evaluate whether patient navigation decreased time to diagnosis for subjects with a breast or cervical cancer screening abnormality. Boston Patient Navigation Research Program collected baseline data (2004–2005) and intervention data (2007–2008) at 6 community health center sites. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and proportional hazards regression examined the effect of navigation on time to definitive diagnosis, adjusting for clustering by clinic and adjusting for age, race, language, and insurance. Hazard ratios greater than 1.0 indicate a decrease in time to diagnosis. We enrolled N = 997 subjects in the baseline period and N = 3,041 subjects during the intervention period (n = 1,499 navigated, n = 1,542 control); 66% were Non-White. Among those with a breast screening abnormality, there was a significant decrease in time to diagnosis for navigated subjects who resolved after 60 days [aHR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.2–1.8] compared with controls, but no differences for those who resolved before 60 days. Among those with a cervical screening abnormality, there was a significant decrease in time to diagnosis for all navigated subjects when compared with controls (aHR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.13–1.56). This controlled study documents a benefit of patient navigation on time to diagnosis among a racially/ethnically diverse inner city population.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A25.
Abstract A41: Does medical mistrust influence black women's participating in BRCA1/2 genetic counseling and testing?
Authors: Sheppard Vanessa D. , Mays Darren , Tercyak Kenneth 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Approximately 5%-10% of breast cancers are heritable. Clinical evidence supports the value of BRCA1/2 genetic counseling and testing (GC/T) for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risk. However, BRCA1/2 GC/T is underutilized among Black women and reasons are not well understood. We examined the potential influence of medical mistrust on GC/T participation in a sample of 100 Black women at increased risk for carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation. Eligible participants fell into one of three groups: 1) healthy women with &gt; 1 first-degree relative (FDR) affected by breast and/or ovarian cancer, 2) women diagnosed with breast cancer at &lt; 50 years of age, and 3) women diagnosed with breast and/or ovarian cancer at &gt; 50 years of age with either one FDR or two second degree relatives with breast and/or ovarian cancer. Participants were recruited from hospital and community settings and completed a researcher-administered survey. The dependent variable indicated women's GC/T participation (0 = unaware, 1=aware but had no referral, and; 2 = received a referral and/or GC/T). Medical Mistrust was assessed using the 7-item Medical Mistrust Index (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.70) Bivariate tests and multivariate regression analyses were employed. GC/T participation was only 28%. After accounting for sociodemographic factors and self-efficacy (B = 0.37, p &lt; .001), multivariate analysis revealed that women with higher medical mistrust had lower GC/T participation (B = −0.26, p &lt;.01). Interventions to improve utilization of GC/T in Black women at increased risk should incorporate strategies to enhance their personal confidence and address women's concerns about the medical system.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A41.
Abstract A74: A dichotomy between the risk and histology in bladder cancer among blacks and whites: An epidemiological study
Authors: Paskow Michael J. , Henson Donald E. , Young Heather A. , Patierno Steven R. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Urinary bladder cancer, despite being the second most common genitourinary disease in the U.S. still presents a number of as yet unsolved complexities. Known to much of the literature is the 2:1 trend of the White to Black cancer rate, the three main histological types of bladder cancer – transitional cell carcinomas (90%), squamous cell carcinomas (5%), and adenocarcinomas (2%), and that smoking is the main etiologic factor contributing to bladder cancer. Historically, Blacks have been identified as having higher smoking rates than Whites. Therefore, the racial discrepancy in bladder cancer rates remains to be explored at the cellular level in light of the contrasting trend in smoking rates.
Objective: To demonstrate that higher transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) incidences prevail in the bladder in Whites compared with Blacks, even though Blacks have a higher rate of smoking than Whites.
Methods: The National Cancer Institute's SEER*stat program version 7.0.4 was used to collect bladder cancer rates for each histological type by age, sex, race, U.S. county, and year of diagnosis. Additionally, lung cancer rates, used as a surrogate for smoking, by county and overall case-specific data were obtained. SAS 9.1 and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze the data in the production of trend, frequency-density, and log-linear plots, correlation analyses, and linear regressions.
Results: The 1973–2008 age-adjusted incidence of TCC of the bladder among Blacks and Whites was 11 and 21 cases per 100,000 persons respectively. Similarly, Black and White rates for TCCs of the renal pelvis were 0.54 and 0.95 cases per 100,000 persons and were 0.21 and 0.61 cases per 100,000 persons for TCCs of the ureter. However, in contrast, lung cancer rates for Blacks and Whites were 82 and 64 cases per 100,000 persons respectively. Frequency-density plots revealed similarity in curves among Blacks and Whites, peaking once between the ages of 65 and 80 years and showing bell-shaped distribution. Bivariate correlation analysis indicated that bladder and lung cancer rates were significantly correlated at about 77%. A statistically significant linear model (R2=0.75) regressing bladder cancer rates on age group, race, sex, and lung cancer rates, was evaluated and revealed that in a population that does not smoke, there were 105 White and 47 Black cases per 100,000 persons on average.
Conclusions: Regardless of higher smoking rates in Blacks than in Whites, Whites have higher rates of TCCs of the bladder as well as of other sites including the renal pelvis and ureter. Even in a population considered without smoking, the trend persists with Whites having higher incidences of bladder cancer than Blacks.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A74.
Abstract A87: Do combinations of similar prognostic factor have similar effect on breast cancer survival in blacks and whites?
Authors: Lu Xiaoxiao , Henson Donald , Young Heather , Patierno Steven R. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The differences in clinical outcomes are often associated with racial/ethnic background. Although the prognostic factors are associated with cancer outcome, it may not be obvious whether a factor truly makes the same contribution to outcome in racial/ethnic groups. There is currently no study for integrating and comparing combinations of tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, ER status and age in Black and White women. Objective: To conduct comparative survival analyses for breast cancer according to similar combinations of prognostic factors in black and white women.
Methods: Breast cancer data were obtained from SEER Cancer Registry (1990–2000). An algorithm was created with the statistical programming language “R”. Disease specific survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients who were lost to follow-up or died from causes other than breast cancer were censored by the algorithm. Survival rates were compared by the log-rank test, and the level of significance set at p &lt; 0.05.
Results: Without including histologic grade and ER status, the effect of T and N alone on survival was evident, the survival rates decrease as increase in T and N among both black and white women. After 10 years, the proportion surviving among white women with grade 1 was 95%, whereas for grade 2 this decreased to 87%, and for grade 3 was 79%. For black women, the proportion surviving with grade 1 was 92%, for grade 2 was 74%, and for grade3 was 66%. When comparing increased grade with ER+ status, there was a decrease in survival among both black and white; however, the decrease in survival were more pronounced when considering increased grade with ER- status, with lowest survival overall evidenced in G3, ER- status. The survival rates of white women were always more favorable than blacks for any combinations of the five prognostic factors. The case fatality rate was always less favorable for black women than for whites when similar combinations of prognostic factors were compared.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A87.
Abstract B23: Socioeconomic factors and correlates of prostatespecific antigen testing in urban African-American Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Hararah Mohammad K. , Johnson Lawrence B. , Ford Jean G. , Garza Mary A. , Yeh Hsin-Chieh , Pollack Craig Evan , Markakis Diane , Phelan Darcy F. , Wenzel Jennifer , Shapiro Gary , Bone Lee 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing is frequently used for early detection of prostate cancer, including among older adults. Since both race and socioeconomic status are associated with prostate cancer incidence and outcomes, it is often difficult to separate race from socioeconomic status as a determinant of prostate cancer screening. We sought to describe the relationship between socioeconomic status and PSA testing in a sample of urban, African American Medicare beneficiaries, and to examine factors that may contribute to this relationship.
Methods: We examined baseline questionnaire data collected from the Cancer Prevention and Treatment Demonstration, a community-based randomized, controlled trial in Baltimore, MD. The study population consisted of 511 community-dwelling African-American men, age 65–75, without a history of prostate cancer. Our main outcome was PSA testing within the past year. Sequential multivariate logistic regression models were performed to study factors that may mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and PSA screening.
Results: Eighty percent of participants reported having had at least one PSA test in their lifetime, and approximately 50% reported having one within the past year. About half of the sample population reported a household income of less than $30,000 a year and one-third reported education past high school, but only 14% reported a bachelor's degree or higher. In bivariate analyses both higher income ($30,000 vs. &lt; $10,000) (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.14, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.79, 5.52) and higher levels of education (Bachelor's degree vs. less than high school) (OR 3.19, CI 1.72, 5.71) were associated with screening in the past year. In a multivariable regression model, which controlled for marital status, family history, and self-reported health status, income was no longer a significantly associated with PSA testing while the association between educational attainment and PSA testing was reduced (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.07–4.22). The addition of increased healthcare access and patient-provider relationship measures in sequential models did not alter the relationship between educational attainment and screening. However, upon inclusion of cancer knowledge and belief measures the association between education and PSA testing was no longer significant (OR 1.84, 95% CI 0.90–3.75).
Conclusions: In this urban, African American Medicare population, socioeconomic status was associated with PSA testing. This relationship may be explained, in part, by demographic factors and cancer knowledge and beliefs.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B23.
Abstract B33: Differential responses of Caucasian and African American breast cancer cell lines after EGCG and sulforaphane treatment
Authors: Hardy Tabitha M. , Tollefsbol Trygve O. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among American women. African American (AA) women are more likely to die from breast cancer than their Caucasian (CAU), Hispanic, Asian and Native American counterparts revealing a clear disparity between AA women and women of other races and ethnicities. Data collected by The American Cancer Society and others reveal that although AA women have a lower incidence of breast cancer than CAU women, AA women tend to have larger, more aggressive tumors, and have a lower 5-year survival rate. Importantly, AA women are more likely to die from breast cancer than any other ethnic group. While socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors are thought to contribute to these disparities, little is known as to whether biological differences exist between CAU and AA women with breast cancer. To determine the effects of bioactive dietary compounds, (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, and sulforaphane (SFN), found in broccoli, were administered to breast cancer cells derived from AA and CAU women. Our results reveal that the AA breast cancer cells showed dissimilarities in response to ECGG and SFN treatments when compared to CAU cell lines. Additionally, differential expression of several cancer related genes, including the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT), was seen in AA cells when compared to CAU cells. These data support the hypothesis that biological differences may contribute to the disparity among AA and CAU women with breast cancer and that these variations may be influenced by diet.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B33.
Abstract B62: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women: The 4-Corners Breast Cancer Study
Authors: Connor Avonne E. , Baumgartner Richard , Kerber Richard , O'Brien Liz , Rai Shesh , Slattery Marty L. , Wolff Roger K. , Giuliano Anna R. , Byers Tim , Baumgartner Kathy B. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Polymorphisms in the adrenergic receptor beta-2 (ADRB2) gene have been studied in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity, but few studies have investigated associations with breast cancer. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the hypothesis that ADRB2 variants (rs1042713-Arg16Gly and rs1042714-Glu27Gln) are associated with breast cancer risk in non-Hispanic white (NHW) and Hispanic (H) women using data from a population-based case-control study conducted in the southwestern United States: ‘The 4-Corners Breast Cancer Study’. A total of 1,244 NHW and 606 H cases with incident primary breast were ascertained and 1,330 NHW and 728 H population-based controls were selected. Information on lifestyle and physical activity, diet, demographics, and reproductive background was collected through an in-person questionnaire, and blood samples were taken for genetic analyses from consenting participants. ADRB2 genotypes for rs1042713 and rs1042714 were determined using PCR. Each genotype as well as their combined haplotype was evaluated in multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the associations with breast cancer risk while adjusting for potential confounders, including study center, history of diabetes, body mass index, family history of breast cancer, genetic admixture, and menopausal status. ADRB2 genotype frequencies were significantly different between NHW and H women. Individually, the ADRB2 polymorphisms were not associated with breast cancer in either ethnic group. However, having 2 copies compared to one or zero copies of the ADRB2 G-G haplotype was associated significantly with increased risk of breast cancer among NHW women [odds ratio (OR), 1.95; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.26–3.01] but reduced risk among Hispanic women [OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.50–1.09], (p-for interaction=0.004). Risk was significantly decreased in Hispanic women with a history of type 2 diabetes and 2 copies of the G-G haplotype [OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12–0.92] while the association was increased, but not statistically significant among NHW women, [OR, 4.91; 95% CI, 0.52–46.60], (p-for interaction = 0.025). While the interaction between obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) and the G-G haplotype was not significant (p=0.200), the association in NHW obese women with 2 copies of the G-G haplotype was similarly increased [OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.22–7.44], but decreased in Hispanics [OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20–0.56]. These data suggest that ethnicity modifies the association between the ADRB2 G-G haplotype and breast cancer risk and history of type 2 diabetes and obesity enhances the divergence of risk between Hispanic and NHW women.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B62.
Abstract B68: The influence of primary care on breast cancer outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Roetzheim Richard G. , Ferrante Jeanne M. , Lee Ji-Hyun , Chen Ren , Love-Jackson Kymia M. , Gonzalez Eduardo C. , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction: Primary care physicians (PCP) are integral in the early detection of cancer. Patients who are referred to a PCP, or who are assigned a PCP, are more likely to undergo most forms of cancer screening including mammograms and clinical breast examinations. PCPs may also ensure more timely diagnosis after screening abnormalities and prevent diagnostic delay. The Medicare-SEER database was used to explore the possibility of an association between primary care visits and breast cancer outcomes. With the usage of Medicare-SEER data, age, gender, and racial disparities exist.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used to evaluate 109,188 women that were Medicare beneficiaries and diagnosed with breast cancer in SEER registries during the years of 1994–2005. This data was used to analyze the association between primary care encounters and breast cancer outcomes. Health services related to cancer prevention and screening have been shown to occur in the ambulatory setting. The total number of ambulatory physician encounters and the percentage of such encounters with a primary care physician (PCP) were examined over a 24 month period before cancer diagnosis. Women with invasive cancers odds of late American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) stage at diagnosis (stages III and IV vs. stages I and II) and survival (breast cancer specific and all cause) were examined using logistic regression and proportional hazards models respectively. Whether including non-invasive cancers (such as ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS) would alter results and whether prior mammography was a potential mediator of associations was also explored.
Results: Increasing numbers of ambulatory physician encounters were associated with improved breast cancer outcomes. In addition, subjects having between 40 and 60 percent of all encounters with PCPs were most likely to have had prior mammograms, least likely diagnosed at late stage, and to have lower breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Prior mammography mediated these associations in part but not completely. Results were unchanged when women with DCIS were included in the analysis. The average age of women involved in this study was 77 years old and 86 percent of the sample were non-minority.
Conclusions: Although there is the existence of age, racial, and gender disparities because of the use of the Medicare-SEER data, using this information helps to identify better care tactics for aging women. Medicare beneficiaries with breast cancer had better outcomes if they had greater use of ambulatory care and care that was balanced between primary and specialty providers. These findings suggest adequate primary medical care may be an important factor in achieving optimal breast cancer outcomes.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B68.