bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Playground Usability: What Do Playground Users Say?
Authors: Ripat Jacquie , Becker Pam 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPlay, specifically outdoor play, is crucial for a child's development. However, not all playgrounds are designed to provide usable space for children with disabilities. The aim of the study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of playground use for children with disabilities and their caregivers. Using a qualitative descriptive design, interviews were conducted with children with disabilities and their caregivers. Interview transcripts were reviewed and coded. The analysis process resulted in three overarching themes. Playground Experiences addressed the sensory experiences that children seek at playgrounds, the importance of creating environments that promote imaginative play and the need to provide an appropriate level of challenge. In the second theme, Playground Usability, participants described barriers that prevent access and features that promote use. The third theme, Inclusivity, focused on equal access and the importance of providing options in design. The Person–Environment–Occupation model was used to frame the findings and to identify practice and research recommendations. Outdoor play is a key occupation of children, and occupational therapists have a role in promoting usable environments for all children. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐CD3 × anti‐GD2 bispecific antibody redirects T‐cell cytolytic activity to neuroblastoma targets
Authors: Yankelevich Maxim , Kondadasula Sri Vidya , Thakur Archana , Buck Steven , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. , Lum Lawrence G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe ganglioside GD2 is an attractive target for immunotherapy of neuroectodermal tumors. We tested a unique bispecific antibody anti‐CD3 × anti‐GD2 (3F8BiAb) for its ability to redirect activated T cells (ATC) to target GD2‐positive neuroblastomas.ProcedureATC were generated from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by stimulating the PBMC with OKT3 and expanding the T cells in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) for 14 days. ATC were armed with 3F8BiAb (100 ng/106 cells) or Her2BiAb (50 ng/106 cells) prior to use. 3F8 BiAb were tested for its dual‐binding specificity to GD2 expressed on cancer cell lines and CD3 expressed on ATC. 3F8BiAb‐armed ATC were further tested ex vivo for their cytotoxicity against GD2 positive tumor targets and its ability to induce cytokine response upon binding to targets.ResultsGD2 expression in neuroblastoma cells was confirmed by FACS analysis. Specific binding of 3F8BiAb to the tumor targets as well as to ATC was confirmed by FACS analysis. 3F8BiAb‐armed ATC exhibited specific killing of GD2 positive neuroblastoma cell lines significantly above unarmed ATC (P < 0.001). GD2BiAb‐armed ATC secreted significantly higher levels of Th1 cytokines and chemokines compared to unarmed ATC (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThese preclinical findings support the potential of a novel immunotherapeutic approach to target T cells to neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1198–1205. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The theoretical studies of interactions of the OH−(H2O)n clusters evolution toward the hydroxide anion hydration
Authors: Roszak Rafał , Góra Robert W. , Roszak Szczepan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe studies of evolution of nature of interactions are presented for the OH−(H2O)n (n = 1–4) clusters in the context of the hydroxide anion hydration. The structure, thermodynamics, charge distribution, and interaction energy partitioning are presented for anions in the gas phase and aqueous solution. The many‐body contributions to the interaction energies are considered for increasing size of complexes. The smallest clusters that are capable of reproducing the thermodynamics of hydroxide anion hydration were elucidated and the simplified procedure for calculations of hydroxide anion hydration is proposed and tested. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In pursuit of nanocarbons
Authors: Shinohara Hisanori 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWith the advent of the Krätschmer‐Huffman historical breakthrough on the macroscopic synthesis of C60 in the late summer of 1990, I decided to stop all my research so far in the area of spectroscopy of gas‐phase molecular microclusters. Since then, my odyssey in and quest for the so‐called nanocarbons started. Thanks to the brand‐new and enchanting world of fullerenes, metallofullerenes, carbon nanotubes and nano‐peapods, I have been able to entertain (and still am entertaining!) “the pleasure of finding things out”, as Richard Feynman once put it in an interview by a BBC television program in 1981. I believe that as long as one has big dreams and lays the groundwork for the dreams, one will achieve them. My quest for nanocarbons is still on its way. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100037
Factors associated with substance use among orphaned and non‐orphaned youth in South Africa
Authors: Meghdadpour Susanne , Curtis Sian , Pettifor Audrey , MacPhail Catherine 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTSubstance use is increasing among youth in South Africa, and may be contributing to transmission of HIV. As parental death often leaves youth with altered emotional and physical resources, substance use may be greater among orphaned adolescents. Utilizing data from a household survey of 15–24 year old South Africans (n = 11,904), multivariable models were fitted to examine the association of factors from five domains with alcohol and drug use, and to compare substance use among orphaned versus non‐orphaned youth.Results showed that factors from individual, family, and community domains were most associated with substance use. Compared with non‐orphans, paternal and double orphaned males were more likely to have consumed alcohol, and paternally orphaned females had significantly greater odds of having used drugs. Findings confirm that some sub‐groups of orphaned youth are at increased risk of substance use and families and communities may be influential in moderating this risky behavior.
Das RKI-Gesundheitsmonitoring – was es enthält und wie es genutzt werden kann
Authors: Kurth Bärbel-Maria 
Published: June 2012

Einleitung
Am Robert Koch-Institut ist ein bundesweites Gesundheitsmonitoringsystem etabliert, das der Erfassung des Gesundheitszustands und –verhaltens der Bevölkerung sowie relevanter gesundheitlicher Einflussfaktoren dient. Dieses Monitoringsystem besteht aus den drei Komponenten KiGGS (Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey), DEGS (Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland) und GEDA (Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell), die jeweils für regelmäßig durchgeführte repräsentative Untersuchungen und Befragungen (Gesundheitssurveys) sowohl von Kindern und Jugendlichen als auch von Erwachsenen stehen. Diese Daten und solche aus anderen Quellen wie beispielsweise den Krebsregisterdaten bilden eine umfassende Daten- und Informationsgrundlage für Public Health und die Gesundheitspolitik in Deutschland. Für die epidemiologische Forschung werden die Datensätze jeweils als Public Use Files zur Verfügung gestellt.
Identification and characterization of anonymous nuclear markers for the double-striped cockroach,Blattella bisignata
Authors: Ren Q.-P. , Fan Z. , Zhou X.-M. , Jiang G.-F. , Wang Y.-T. , Liu Y.-X. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDuring the last decade, multilocus analysis has gradually become a powerful tool for the studies of population genetics and phylogeography. The double-striped cockroach,Blattella bisignata, is endemic to southeast Asia, and there is currently little genetic information available for the species. We chose it as the target species to investigate a biodiversity hotspot in southwest China. Here, we report the identification and characterization of 11 single-copy anonymous nuclear markers with an average length of 378bp. These loci, isolated from a genomic library ofB. bisignata, can amplify in two additionalBlattellaspecies (B. germanicaandB. lituricollis). While testing these markers in representative species of Blattellidae, Blattidae and Epilampridae, some of them can cross-amplify successfully. After sequencing 30 individuals collected from southern China per locus, we found relatively high variability (approximately 3.6 SNPs per 100bp). Finally, a small-scale study was also performed to show that these markers do indeed fulfill the expectations as phylogeographic markers.
Case of progressive facial hemiatrophy with cervical sympathetic hyperactivity as underlying aetiology
Authors: Monobe H , Miyano K , Kagoya R , Tojima H 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective:We report a case of progressive facial hemiatrophy with cervical sympathetic hyperactivity as a possible underlying aetiology, based on clinical findings, three-dimensional computed tomography and thermographic imaging.Methods:We present a case report in which we describe the investigation and clinical course of progressive facial hemiatrophy, and we also review the world literature on this condition.Results:To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world literature of progressive facial hemiatrophy with cervical sympathetic hyperactivity indicated as a possible underlying aetiology, based on clinical findings, three-dimensional computed tomography and thermographic imaging.Conclusion:This syndrome may lead to atrophy of the subcutaneous adipose tissue with hyperfunction of the vegetative system. Although this is a rare syndrome, otolaryngologists should be aware of its symptoms, aetiology and treatment.
Auricular cutaneous leishmaniasis mimicking neoplastic disease
Authors: Tarkan Ö , Çetİk F , Uzun S 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective:Leishmaniasis comprises a group of diseases transmitted by the bite of infected sand flies. There are three basic clinical forms of leishmaniasis: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. Leishmaniasis may mimic neoplastic lesions and other infectious diseases because of similar disease localisation, physical characteristics and histopathological findings.Case report:A 35-year-old man was referred to our clinic with a presumed diagnosis of angiolymphoid hyperplasia of the auricle; however, this lesion proved to be cutaneous leishmaniasis. The definitive diagnosis was reached by identifying the parasites on smears obtained from the lesion.Conclusion:It should be borne in mind that cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting as isolated auricular lesions may mimic neoplasia. In the present case report, we discuss auricular cutaneous leishmaniasis and we review the relevant literature.
Too Soon to Say
Authors: James Edward 
Published: June 2012

Abstract(1) Rupert Read charges that Rawls culpably overlooksthe politicized Euthyphro:Do we accept our political perspective because it is right or is it right because we accept it? (2) This charge brings up the question of thedeficiency dilemma:Do others disagree with us because of our failures or theirs? – where the two dilemmas appear to be independent of each other and lead to the questions ofthe logic of deficiency, moral epistemic deficiency, epistemic peers, and thehardnessof philosophy. (3) In reply, on an expanded principle of charity Rawls does not overlook theEuthyphrobut rather offers ground-breaking solutions to it, (4) that nonetheless trip on theindependent bootstrap(5) – as also do Dreben and Nussbaum. (6) Furthermore, Rawls's ‘burdens of judgment’ seek to bypass the necessity of moral epistemic deficiency and (7) suggest a wider framework for understanding disagreement that sees disagreement as arising from inquiry being in development, unpredictable and uncertain. (8) This wider frameworkentailsthat disagreement does not mean moral epistemic deficiency and (9) that our responses to theEuthyphroare ‘too soon to say’.
Behind the Mereological Fallacy
Authors: Harré Rom 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLanguage based criticisms of the intelligibility of the programme of neuropsychology have made use of the principle that words the meaning of which is established in the context of descriptions of aspects of whole persons cannot be used in that sense to ascribe properties to parts of human bodies. In particular neither human brains nor their parts think, are conscious, imagine, suffer and so on. Recently, Bennett and Hacker have presented the error as a mereological fallacy, because brains are parts of persons. However, while brains are parts of human bodies it is not clear that they are parts of persons. I restyle the argument in terms of fields of family resemblances, in such a way that it makes sense to describe the hippocampus as an organ for remembering, but does not support the claim that neuroscience is core psychology. Such fields are networks of meanings linked by two principles. (1) Taxonomies of relevant body parts are determined by the psychological role they play in everyday human life. (2) Many body parts are also identified by the role they play as tools in human activities including psychological tasks. Arguments are developed to show that objections to the idea that brains and their constituent organs are tools are misplaced. Hybrid psychologies are possible.
Brain structures playing a crucial role in the representation of tools in humans and non-human primates
Authors: Gainotti Guido 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe cortical representation of concepts varies according to the information critical for their development. Living categories, being mainly based upon visual information, are bilaterally represented in the rostral parts of the ventral stream of visual processing; whereas tools, being mainly based upon action data, are unilaterally represented in a left-sided fronto-parietal network. The unilateral representation of tools results from involvement in actions of the right side of the body.
Tool use induces complex and flexible plasticity of human body representations
Authors: Longo Matthew R. , Serino Andrea 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPlasticity of body representation fundamentally underpins human tool use. Recent studies have demonstrated remarkably complex plasticity of body representation in humans, showing that such plasticity (1) occurs flexibly across multiple time scales and (2) involves multiple body representations responding differently to tool use. Such findings reveal remarkable sophistication of body plasticity in humans, suggesting that Vaesen may overestimate the similarity of such mechanisms in humans and non-human primates.
An area specifically devoted to tool use in human left inferior parietal lobule
Authors: Orban Guy A. , Rizzolatti Giacomo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA comparative fMRI study by Peeters et al. (2009) provided evidence that a specific sector of left inferior parietal lobule is devoted to tool use in humans, but not in monkeys. We propose that this area represents the neural substrate of the human capacity to understand tool use by using causal reasoning.
Motor planning in primates
Authors: Weiss Daniel J. , Chapman Kate M. , Wark Jason D. , Rosenbaum David A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractVaesen asks whether goal maintenance and planning ahead are critical for innovative tool use. We suggest that these aptitudes may have an evolutionary foundation in motor planning abilities that span all primate species. Anticipatory effects evidenced in the reaching behaviors of lemurs, tamarins, and rhesus monkeys similarly bear on the evolutionary origins of foresight as it pertains to tool use.
Human tool-making capacities reflect increased information-processing capacities: Continuity resides in the eyes of the beholder
Authors: Gibson Kathleen R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractChimpanzee/human technological differences are vast, reflect multiple interacting behavioral processes, and may result from the increased information-processing and hierarchical mental constructional capacities of the human brain. Therefore, advanced social, technical, and communicative capacities probably evolved together in concert with increasing brain size. Interpretations of these evolutionary and species differences as continuities or discontinuities reflect differing scientific perspectives.
Look, no hands!
Authors: Patterson Eric M. , Mann Janet 
Published: June 2012

AbstractContrary to Vaesen's argument that humans are unique with respect to nine cognitive capacities essential for tool use, we suggest that although such cognitive processes contribute to variation in tool use, it does not follow that these capacities arenecessaryfor tool use, nor that tool use shaped cognition per se, given the available data in cognitive neuroscience and behavioral biology.
The key to cultural innovation lies in the group dynamic rather than in the individual mind
Authors: Ragir Sonia , Brooks Patricia J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractVaesen infers unique properties of mind from the appearance of specific cultural innovation – a correlation without causal direction. Shifts in habitat, population density, and group dynamics are the only independently verifiable incentives for changes in cultural practices. The transition from Acheulean to Late Stone Age technologies requires that we consider how population and social dynamics affect cultural innovation and mental function.
The dual nature of tools and their makeover
Authors: Rizzo Antonio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractVaesen argues that functional knowledge differentiates humans from non-human primates. However, the rationale he provides for this position is open to question – with respect to both the underlying theoretical assumptions and inferences drawn from certain empirical studies. Indeed, there is some recent empirical work that suggests that functional fixedness is not necessarily uniquely human. I also question the central role of stable function representations in Vaesen's account of tool production and use.
Tool use as situated cognition
Authors: Blitzer Andy , Huebner Bryce 
Published: June 2012

AbstractVaesen disregards a plausible alternative to his position, and so fails to offer a compelling argument for unique cognitive mechanisms. We suggest an ecological alternative, according to which divergent relationships between organism and environment, not exotic neuroanatomy, are responsible for unique cognitive capacities. This approach is pertinent to claims about primate cognition; and on this basis, we argue that Vaesen's inference from unique skills to unique mechanisms is unwarranted.
Bringing the bureaucrats back in: neo-liberal tax reform in New Zealand
Authors: Christensen Johan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNew Zealand moved further in neo-liberal tax reform than most other advanced economies over the last three decades. The article investigates this extreme case to address the question of what explains major neo-liberal economic reform. Comparing tax policy-making in two periods, the 1980s and 2008–10, we argue that neo-liberal tax reform in New Zealand is best understood as the product of “autonomous bureaucratic action”. That is, bureaucratic organisations within the state independently formulated the goals and ideas for reform, took an activist role in policy-making and strongly influenced the policy preferences of ministers. Moreover, responding to a criticism often raised against state-centred theories, we offer an explicit explanation of bureaucratic preferences. We argue that bureaucratic goals and ideas were a product of how particular structural features of the bureaucracy – organisation and training – made ministries more or less receptive to new ideas within the economics discipline.
Modeling of the plasma produced by moderate energy laser beam interaction with metallic targets: Physics of the phenomena
Authors: Beilis Isak I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe physical phenomena of plasma plume generation and plasma expansion by target-laser interaction are considered for moderate laser power density. The kinetics of target vaporization, atom ionization, and plasma heating are described. The mechanism of electric sheath formation near the surface, electron emission from the target, and the electrical breakdown phenomena by laser irradiation are analyzed. The plasma expansion is described taking into account the near target plasma structure and the absorption of the laser radiation. The mechanisms accelerating the plasma and generating an electric field in it are discussed. The work reviews experiments and theoretical models and summarizes the results in order to understand the measurements and to discuss open questions. As example, the plasma parameters (electron temperature and density, degree of ionization, and plasma velocity) are calculated for an Ag target using the developed model that considers self-consistently the target heating, kinetics of target evaporation, plasma heating, and ion flux to the target. The calculated ion velocity in the expanding plasma jet is in accordance with the measurement. The ion energy linearly depends on the ion charge state, as observed experimentally.
Rietveld quantitative analysis of cast super duplex steel
Authors: Garin J. L. , Mannheim R. L. 
Published: June 2012

To interpret highly superimposed diffraction patterns, the Rietveld method together with conventional X-ray powder diffraction techniques were carried out on a series of heat-treated weldments of cast super duplex stainless steel. High temperature processing of this type of alloys causes embrittlement and loss of corrosion resistance owing to precipitation of intermediate phases, principally sigma-phase. The annealing processing of the samples proceeded at temperatures in the range of 800–950 °C for periods of time from 1 to 96 h. This procedure permitted an accurate quantification of the microstructural components such as austenite, ferrite and sigma-phase in all studied samples. The contents of sigma-phase in the heat-affected zones of all weldments reached asymptotical values of 30–38 wt% after 96 h of heat treatment.
Hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in preterm infants at <33 weeks gestation without bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the CASTOR study
Authors: GOUYON J.-B. , ROZÉ J.-C. , GUILLERMET-FROMENTIN C. , GLORIEUX I. , ADAMON L. , DI MAIO M. , MILORADOVICH T. , ANGHELESCU D. , PINQUIER D. , ESCANDE B. , ELLEAU C. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis study was conducted during the 2008–2009 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season in France to compare hospitalization rates for bronchiolitis (RSV-confirmed and all types) between very preterm infants (<33 weeks' gestational age, WGA) without bronchopulmonary dysplasia and full-term infants (39–41 WGA) matched for date of birth, gender and birth location, and to evaluate the country-specific risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalization. Data on hospitalizations were collected both retrospectively and prospectively for 498 matched infants (249 per group) aged <6 months at the beginning of the RSV season. Compared to full-term infants, preterm infants had a fourfold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·36–11·80] and a sevenfold (95% CI 2·79–17·57) higher risk of being hospitalized for bronchiolitis, RSV-confirmed and all types, respectively. Prematurity was the only factor that significantly increased the risk of being hospitalized for bronchiolitis. The risk of multiple hospitalizations for bronchiolitis in the same infant significantly increased with male gender and the presence of siblings aged ⩾2 years.