bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A First Look at Coding in Chemistry
Authors: Bansagi Tamas 
Published: February 2025

Do you have a project that requires some coding skills and don’t know where to start? Are you fitting a curve to your experimental data and need tools to help? Trying coding to solve maths problems in chemistry for the first time? This book will uncover all the help you need to apply these skills.
Focusing on developing basic coding skills in chemistry, this concise introductory text takes a problem-based approach and is organized in a workbook style for helping those new to programming. Discussions on coding are viewed from a chemistry perspective and embedded in solving problems familiar to most first-year undergraduate chemistry students. While primarily building programming and broadly-applicable related skills, some topics in data analysis and presentation, uncertainties in measurements, and areas of mathematics relevant to these and chemistry are also briefly surveyed.
After quick overviews of coding in chemistry and the MATLAB language and programming environment, the basics of assigning variables and arrays are introduced. Writing simple scripts and functions, step-by-step through chemistry and environmental chemistry examples, is then employed to present scientific data. Coding skills are further developed in the next set of chapters while fitting curves to experimental data and handling measurement uncertainties. Using coding to organise information in chemistry representing various types of transformations, spatial effects and interactions is covered in the chapters on vectors and matrices. Next, user-defined functions are utilized to predict the concentrations of chemicals during reactions, before looking into developing code for enhanced workflows that allow computers to make decisions while executing programs. In the final two chapters, coding is extended to tackling common maths problems in chemistry including unit algebra, rearranging expressions, solving equations, differentiation and integration.
The kinematics of 30 Milky Way globular clusters and the multiple stellar populations within
Authors: Leitinger E. I. , Baumgardt H. , Cabrera-Ziri I. , Hilker M. , Carbajo-Hijarrubia J. , Gieles M. , Husser T. O. , Kamann S. 
Published: February 2025

Aims. The spectroscopic and photometric classification of multiple stellar populations (MPs) in Galactic globular clusters (GCs) has enabled comparisons between contemporary observations and formation theories regarding the initial spatial configurations of the MPs. However, the kinematics of these MPs is an aspect that requires more attention. We investigated the 3D kinematics of 30 Galactic GCs, extending to 3–5 half-light radii, as well as their MPs, in order to uncover clues of the initial conditions of GCs and the MPs within.
Methods. We have combined Hubble Space Telescope and Gaia DR3 proper motions together with a comprehensive set of line-of- sight velocities to determine the 3D rotation amplitudes, rotation axes, and anisotropy profiles of the clusters. We include additional radial velocities from new IFU observations of NGC 5024 and an analysis of archival MUSE data of NGC 6101. We compare our kinematic results with structural and orbital parameters of each cluster, reporting the most significant correlations and common features.
Results. We find significant (>3σ) rotation in 21 GCs, with no significant differences between the total rotational amplitudes of the MPs, except for NGC 104. We find no significant differences in the position angles of the rotation axis or inclination angles. We find that the 3D rotational amplitude of the clusters in our sample is strongly correlated with their mass, relaxation time, enriched star fraction, and concentration. We determined the anisotropy profiles of each cluster and the MPs where possible. We investigated correlations with the structural parameters, orbital parameters, and accretion history of the clusters from their progenitor systems, finding that the dynamically young clusters with the highest central concentrations of primordial stars exhibit radial anisotropy in their outer regions (>2 half-light radii). The dynamically young clusters with a central concentration of enriched stars show significant tangential anisotropy or isotropy in their outer regions.
Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit in deutschen Krankenhäusern: Analyse
der strukturierten Qualitätsberichte
Authors: Kastirke Nadin , Groß Beatrice 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungFür Krankenhäuser stellt die Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit (AMTS) einen
zunehmend relevanten Teil des Qualitäts- und Risikomanagements dar. Über die
Relevanz spezifischer Maßnahmen zur Sicherstellung der AMTS im
Versorgungsprozess ist bis jetzt wenig bekannt. Es soll daher untersucht
werden, welche Maßnahmen zur AMTS umgesetzt werden und welche Bedeutung
spezifischen Krankenhausmerkmalen zukommt.Analysiert wurden die Daten der strukturierten Qualitätsberichte von 1.987
Standorten für das Berichtsjahr 2018, die erstmalig Angaben zu 13
Instrumenten und Maßnahmen zur AMTS enthalten. Die relative
Umsetzungshäufigkeit (Umsetzungsquote) wurde sowohl insgesamt als auch für
Subgruppen analysiert, die anhand der Standortmerkmale Standortgröße, dem
Vorhandensein bestimmter Fachabteilungen sowie der Zugehörigkeit zu einem
Universitätsklinikum gebildet wurden. Unterschiede wurden mittels einer
Schwellenwertanalyse auf Relevanz geprüft.Die Umsetzungsquote zwischen den 13 Maßnahmen variiert stark (lückenlose
Arzneimitteltherapie nach Entlassung mit 71,4%; SOP zur guten
Verordnungspraxis mit 23,5%). Die Umsetzungsquoten steigen mit der
Standortgröße von durchschnittlich 31,5% (unter 50 Betten) auf 61,5% (500
Betten und mehr). Dieses Muster zeigt sich insbesondere für AMTS-Aktivitäten
mit elektronischer und IT-bezogener Komponente. Acht Maßnahmen unterscheiden
sich je nach Vorhandensein bestimmter Fachabteilungen sowie eines
Universitätsstatus bedeutend voneinander, während zwei (AMTS-Schulungen,
Prozessbeschreibung für optimalen Medikationsprozess) mit keinem der
Standortmerkmale variieren.Unsere Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der standardisierten Erhebung
von Qualitätssicherungsdaten an Krankenhäusern. Durch Analyse dieser Daten
können diejenigen Maßnahmen identifiziert werden, die bereits jetzt
überwiegend Anwendung finden. Die entsprechende Ausführung interdependiert
mit Merkmalen der Krankenhäuser. Zudem scheinen regulatorische Vorgaben
Wirkung zu entfalten. Bemerkenswert ist, dass ein Großteil der Maßnahmen der
AMTS nicht flächendeckend umgesetzt wird. Die teilweise geringen
Umsetzungsquoten könnten durch ökonomische, soziale oder technische
Barrieren erklärt werden. Ihr Ausbau sollte langfristig und über adäquate
Anreizstrukturen erfolgen.
Zinc-Catalyzed Carbon Dioxide Based Biodegradable Polycarbonate Synthesis
Authors: Liu Yuyu , Yang Shanxiu , Qian Bo , Shi Feng , Li Pan , Wang Hao , Cui Xinjiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCarbon dioxide based degradable polycarbonate can be obtained through the copolymerization reaction of carbon dioxide with epoxide in the presence of a catalyst. This polymer has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its environmentally friendly and sustainable characteristics, and excellent material properties. Due to its unique properties, CO2-based polycarbonate has a wide range of applications in many fields such as electronic and electrical parts, automotive parts, medical devices, aerospace equipment, power electronic equipment, and radiation protection products. Therefore, numerous catalytic systems have been explored for the CO2/epoxide copolymerization process, in which zinc catalyst has the longest history and the greatest variety. In this short review, the significant advances in zinc catalysts for the copolymerization transformation of CO2 with epoxide are demonstrated, covering both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Moreover, both benefits and drawbacks of zinc catalytic system are described, and the outlook for large-scale industrial applicati	ons in the future is also represented.1	Introduction2	Heterogeneous Zinc Catalysts3	Homogeneous Zinc Catalysts4	Overview of Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Zinc Catalysts5	Conclusion
Monitoring Hemostatic Function during Cardiac Surgery with Point-of-Care Viscoelastic Assays: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ong Brandon Jin An , See Tow Hui Xin , Fong Alyssa Tze Wei , Ling Ryan Ruiyang , Shekar Kiran , Teoh Kristine , Ti Lian Kah , MacLaren Graeme , Fan Bingwen Eugene , Ramanathan Kollengode 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBleeding is a well-known and severe complication of cardiac surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass, along with heparinization and hemodilution, is thought to affect all pathways of the hemostatic process, leading to excessive bleeding and worsened morbidity and mortality. The traditionally used standard laboratory tests (SLTs) were not designed for the surgical setting, have long turnaround times, and are poor predictors of bleeding. This review aims to give an overview of viscoelastic assays (VEAs), compare VEAs to conventional testing methods, and summarize the evidence for VEAs in cardiac surgery. A search of Medline via Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase yielded 2,868 papers, which we reviewed and summarized the key findings. VEAs such as rotational thromboelastometry and thromboelastography provide a quick turnaround, graphical, global impression of hemostasis in whole blood. VEAs allow for the analysis of specific contributors to the coagulation process and may facilitate cause-oriented hemostatic treatment and the development of treatment algorithms. VEAs have been found to have a high specificity and high negative predictive value for coagulopathic bleeding. Patients treated with VEA-based algorithms have been shown to have lower rates of bleeding, transfusion requirements, and exposure to allogeneic blood products. However, VEA-based algorithms have not demonstrated a mortality benefit and evidence for outcomes such as surgical re-exploration and hospital length of stay remains equivocal. In conclusion, VEAs have been shown to be comparable if not superior to SLTs in cardiac surgery. Further large-scale studies are needed to better evaluate the impact of VEAs on clinical outcomes.
Senior staff experiences of implementing a reablement model in community care
Authors: Prior Sarah J. , Maxwell Hazel , Bramble Marguerite , Marlow Annette , Doherty Douglass , Campbell Steven 
Published: February 2025

Background In 2018, a community care organisation in Northwest Tasmania collaborated with University of Tasmania researchers to develop and implement a strategy for incorporating a reablement-based model of care into their service delivery model as a core organisational approach to care. This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes from the initial reablement education to improve our understanding of the needs of staff and clients of community care organisations. Methods The research explored the impact of reablement on client outcomes and how reablement can be translated across organisations. A qualitative research method was utilised to explore experiences of senior staff 2 years after the first reablement education sessions. Two focus groups were held 4 weeks apart. Nine senior staff participated in focus group one and seven in focus group two. Results Three key themes emerged; reablement needs an appropriate governance and organisational strategy; reablement is a beneficial practice; and strong organisational culture supports reablement. Achieving long-term outcomes involves integrating reablement into working practices and this remains challenging due to organisational constraints. Conclusions This study contributes to the growing body of evidence that shifting underlying practices in community care from ‘doing for’ to ‘doing with’ involves a major change of behaviour and practice for individuals and organisations.
CPROC, a RISC-V processor demonstrator for
monitoring and data processing in HEP
Authors: El Berni A. , Callier S. , Dinaucourt P. , Dulucq F. , Madariaga Q. , Sylla R. , Thienpont D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In High Energy Physics, ASICs are becoming more and more complex with the integration of many digital processing and monitoring structures. The next generation of System-On-Chips will require reprogrammable logic to let the user change the ASIC behavior after its fabrication. CPROC (Central Processing ReadOut Chip) is a processor demonstrator based on the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture. It will open the era of FPGASIC with a user-defined program executed by the embedded processor. The CPROC chip was received in May 2024: an introduction to RISC-V, architectural choice and capabilities will be presented.
An investigation of a passive BCI’s performance for different body postures and presentation modalities
Authors: Gherman Diana-Eliza , Klug Marius , Krol Laurens Ruben , Zander Thorsten O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Passive brain-computer interfaces (passive BCIs, pBCIs) enable computers to unobtrusively decipher aspects of a user's mental state in real time from recordings of brain activity, e.g. electroencephalography (EEG). When used during human-computer interaction (HCI), this allows a computer to dynamically adapt for enhancing the subjective user experience. For transitioning from controlled laboratory environments to practical applications, understanding BCI performance in real contexts is of utmost importance. Here, Virtual Reality (VR) can play a unique role: both as a fully controllable simulation of a realistic environment and as an independent, increasingly popular real application. Given the potential of VR as a dynamic and controllable environment, and the capability of pBCIs to enable novel modes of interaction, it is tempting to envision a future where pBCI and VR are seamlessly integrated. However, the simultaneous use of these two technologies – both of which are head-mounted – presents new challenges. Due to their immediate proximity, electromagnetic artifacts can arise, contaminating the EEG. Furthermore, the active movements promoted by VR can induce mechanical and muscular artifacts in the EEG. The varying body postures and display preferences of users further complicate the practical application of pBCIs. To address these challenges, the current study investigates the influence of body posture (sitting vs. standing) and display media (computer screen vs. VR) on the performance of a pBCI in assessing cognitive load. Our results show that these conditions indeed led to some changes in the EEG data; nevertheless, the ability of pBCIs to detect cognitive load remained largely unaffected. However, when a classifier trained in one context (body posture or modality) was applied to another (e.g., cross-task application), reductions in classification accuracy were observed. As HCI moves towards increasingly adaptive and more interactive designs, these findings support the expansive potential of pBCIs in VR contexts.
Creating and Transforming the Twentieth Century, Revised and Expanded
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The greatest technical discontinuity in history took place between 1867 and 1914. This era was distinguished by the most extraordinary concatenation of scientific and technical advances, the synergy of which produced bold and imaginative innovations resulting in profound socioeconomic impacts. Detailed examinations of these epoch-making advances start with electricity (dynamos, steam turbines, transformers, light bulbs, electric motors, power plants, transmission) and internal combustion engines (automotive designs by Otto, Diesel, Daimler, Maybach, Benz, Ford, aeroengines) before looking at inventions in material production, from metallurgy (affordable steel, aluminum) and cement to powerful explosives and the synthesis of ammonia, and at advances in information (from papermaking and typesetting to photographs and movies) and communication (from telephones, phonographs and records to radio). Post-World War I inventions and innovations transformed all of these techniques by making them more efficient, durable, reliable, affordable, and environmentally more acceptable and brought new accomplishments in energy conversions (oil and gas industry, gas turbines, nuclear electricity generation), materials (new ways of steel production, plastics, herbicides, pesticides, silicon), rationalized production (automation, robotization, quality control), and transportation (freeways, jetliners, rapid trains, large tankers, container shipping), while advances in solid-state electronics enabled the age of computing, microprocessors, and access to instant global communication and information (personal computers, mobile phones, World Wide Web). The Age of Synergy and the post-1914 technical transformations created a new, increasingly anthropogenic world of high-energy societies whose most worrisome obverse has been large-scale environmental degradation.
New Materials and New Syntheses
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Advances in ferrous metallurgy (larger blast furnaces, Bessemer converters, open hearth furnaces, electric arc furnaces) made steel, previously an uncommon and expensive alloy, affordable and led to its massive use in shipbuilding, land transportation (railroads, automobiles), industries, and urban construction (first high-rise buildings). Dynamite was the first of newly formulated powerful explosives, and, in the 1880s, came the discovery of aluminum smelting from bauxite and soon afterward the large-scale production of cement in rotary kilns. By far the most important breakthrough of the pre-World War I era was the synthesis of ammonia from its element: without the Haber-Bosch process we could not have fed the growing global population of the twentieth century.
Communication and Information
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Age of Synergy brought a wealth of advances in printing and in the reproduction of images and sounds. New papermaking processes based on wood pulp produced inexpensive paper, typewriters displaced laborious handwriting, and typesetting was speeded up by linotype machines, which were used to set all books, newspapers, and merchandise catalogs during the first two-thirds of the twentieth century. Photography was popularized thanks to simple cameras and roll film, and movies developed rapidly into a new art form. Sound reproduction advanced from telephones to phonographs to gramophone records to the first radio broadcasts made possible by newly discovered vacuum tubes.
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus associated with a complete atrioventricular block: a case report
Authors: Kojima Keisuke , Oga Yasuhiro , Nishi Junichiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA), a subtype of mitral annulus calcification, is rarely encountered. Although most cases of CCMA are asymptomatic and have a benign course, there are several reports of mitral valve dysfunction, stroke, and myocardial infarction. However, few reports have been published on conduction disturbances.

Case Summary
We encountered a case of an atrioventricular block, which is a rarely reported complication, in a 70-year-old woman who presented with heart failure. The patient’s anatomy suggested a conduction disturbance caused by CCMA extending from the posterior apex of the mitral annulus to the ventricular septum. Our heart team discussed whether surgical resection should be performed. We concluded that bradycardia was the most likely cause of the current symptoms and that resection of the extensively infiltrated calcification was risky; therefore, we decided to proceed with pacemaker implantation followed by careful observation of the mass. The patient had undergone permanent pacemaker implantation and has been asymptomatic ever since.

Discussion
Few reports on conduction abnormalities caused by CCMA have been published. A mass involving the left ventricular septum and posterior mitral annulus may lead to conduction abnormalities, such as a complete atrioventricular block, in the future. We suggest that careful follow-up is required for CCMA, as it has been determined that surgical intervention is not required.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Heart: A rare case report of an Aggressive Cardiac sarcoma Mimicking Myxoma
Authors: Ahmad Youssef , Abdallah Tumodir , AlAli Modar , Adeeb Monaza , Alhammoud Majdi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Primary cardiac tumors are rare, with an incidence ranging from 0.001% to 0.03%. Among these, Sarcomas constitute the majority of malignant cases, with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) being one of the least commonly reported and most aggressive forms.

Case Summary
We present the case of a 40-year-old female who experienced nonspecific symptoms, including malaise, dyspnea, and recurrent chest pain. Initial investigations, including echocardiography, revealed a large mass in the left atrium, initially diagnosed as a myxoma. However, histopathological examination following surgical resection confirmed the diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Despite surgical intervention and chemotherapy, the tumor recurred, resulting in the patient's death two months after surgery.

Discussion
Cardiac sarcomas, particularly malignant fibrous histiocytoma, pose significant diagnostic challenges due to their rarity and nonspecific symptoms. These malignant tumors often mimic benign conditions, clinically and diagnostically, in modalities such as transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). While advanced imaging techniques are critical for accurate diagnosis, socioeconomic factors may limit access. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. The aggressive nature of these tumors, characterized by rapid recurrence and poor prognosis, highlights the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on targeted therapies and immunotherapy, which promise to improve outcomes in managing these malignancies.