bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of Its1 Region Microsatellite-Like Repeats in the Noble Crayfish, Astacus Astacus (Decapoda, Astacidea)
Authors: Alaranta Anna , Jussila Japo , Kokko Harri 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We assessed heritability of an ITS1 microsatellite-like repeat pattern in the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758)) on 17 families (parents and offspring) by using DNA fragment length analysis (ALFexpress). When the parental fragment length profiles and the profiles of F1 progeny were compared, 15% of the offspring were identical with the female and 36.7% of the offspring were identical with the male, and a total of 99.3% offspring showed parental fragmentation in their fragment length profile. Two out of the 300 offspring (0.7%) showed a fragment length profile with non-parental fragments, possibly because of unequal crossing over or rearrangement. This indicates that ITS1 microsatellite-like repeats were inherited parentally with minor exceptions. Our results show that ITS1 microsatellite-like repeats are parentally inherited and could thus be used to determine population level similarities among crayfish stocks.
Survival and Physical Damage in Swimming Crabs (Brachyura, Portunidae) Discarded from Trawling Fisheries in an Estuarine Ecosystem in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Moreira F. N. , Vianna M. , Lavrado H. P. , Silva-Junior D. R. , Keunecke K. A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The effects of mechanical stress caused by trawling, handling, air exposure, and discarding during fishing processes can cause irreversible damage to many bycatch organisms. The objective of this work was to evaluate quali-quantitatively the physical damage (loss of limbs) and differential survival among the portunid swimming crabs Callinectes danae Smith, 1869, Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863, and Achelous spinimanus (Latreille, 1819) in the pink shrimp trawling fishery in Guanabara Bay, Brazil. Physical damage was quantified by the incidence of lesions for each species in the following categories: male and female; juvenile and adult; and moulting and non-moulting organisms. The percentage of survivors was obtained through a 24-hour experiment in three consecutive days. The most frequently damaged species was C. danae; 58.9% of this species was observed to be injured. C. ornatus and A. spinimanus presented similar injury frequencies with injuries observed, respectively, in 44.3% and 43.5% of individuals of these species. The Chi-square value for male vs. female; juvenile vs. adult; and moulting vs. non-moulting organisms of each species did not exhibit significant differences except for adults and juveniles of C. danae. The most common type of damage observed among the species was the loss of chelipeds and/or pereiopods. Variance analysis did not detect significant differences in the survival of the various species at the different times of the experiment. The three species presented high survival percentages in all treatments, and live individuals of all species likely show similar recovery rates from trawling stress when returned to the sea.
Engaging the Leviathan: National Development, Corporate Globalisation and the Endorois' Quest to Recover their Herding Grounds
Authors: Sing'Oei Korir 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article examines in detail the recent landmark decision of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in Centre for Minority Rights Development & Minority Rights Group (on behalf of the Endorois) v. Kenya. In particular, the article analyses the extent to which the Commission has given a new and more "African" life to indigenous peoples' human rights in the continent. While engaging in a juridical exposition of various rights germane to indigenous groups within the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, the article places this discourse in the context of globalisation whose (re)shaping of the state power has placed non-state corporations at the centre of development intervention with deleterious effects on insular groups.
A Fullerian Analysis of security Council Legislation
Authors: Powell C. H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article uses the term 'international legislation' to refer to the creation, by the Security Council, of norms by which the Council intends to bind all states, irrespective of their consent. The norms produced by the Council must in turn purport to modify some element of existing law, or to create new law, and they must be general in nature. Two resolutions of the Security Council emerge as 'legislative' under this definition: SCR 1373 of 2001 and SCR 1540 of 2004. Relying on the legal philosophy of Lon Fuller, this article will argue that these resolutions do not, in fact, produce law. Under Fuller's approach, the formal source of a norm is insufficient to determine that norm's legal status, as law is instead constituted by characteristics internal to the normative system. This article sets out these characteristics, analyses them and suggests how they might apply to the international setting. It argues that a practice of legality, in Fuller's terms, arises from three basic elements: reciprocity between the law-giver and those affected by the law; congruence between stated norms and exercises of public authority; and a respect for, and reliance on, the agency of those affected by the norms of the legal system. The article demonstrates that even formally valid activity has failed to attain the status of law because it has not followed these basic elements. It then argues that the Security Council is generally prevented by its very institutional structure from creating norms around which a practice of legality could emerge.
Theology of Religions, Universal Salvation, and the Holy Spirit
Authors: Awad Najeeb George 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article is an attempt at viewing the doctrine of salvation from a trinitarian point of view by shifting the focus of the inclusivist theology of religion from a traditional christocentric version into a version that, rather than only being linked to christology, is substantially linked and fundamentally based on a trinitarian doctrine of God. By this focus, I attempt at promoting a theology of religion that is based on the conviction that the non-christian religions can experience God's salvation by means of the particular work of the Spirit and not only by the work of the Son. The purpose is to take christocentric inclusivism into a more biblically comprehensive pneumatico-trinitarian attestation. In the Bible, the saviour of the world is the triune God as the Father, who reconciles the world to Himself particularly by virtue of His Son but universally by virtue of His Holy Spirit.
La iluminación en el Síndrome de Edificios Enfermos: ambientes urbanos y rurales
Authors: Tonello Graciela , Kirschbaum Carlos 
Published: November 2011

El Síndrome de Edificios Enfermos (SBS en su sigla en inglés) se caracteriza por una significativa proporción de la población que experimenta síntomas tipo alérgicos que desaparecen o disminuyen al abandonar el edificio. Las causas exactas aún se desconocen y la inclusión de la iluminación dentro de los modelos explicativos de SBS merece mayor investigación En tal contexto, el presente estudio de campo midió diferentes variables ambientales y su percepción, con hincapié en la iluminación, en 97 usuarios de locales urbanos y rurales. Este trabajo aporta datos y resultados para el desarrollo de un modelo más integral de SBS, lo cual brindaría una herramienta útil para arquitectos y diseñadores interesados en satisfacer las necesidades de los usuarios
Seismic conditioning and attenuation of high-angle coherent noise in a mixed carbonate and siliciclastic setting, Campos Basin, offshore Brazil: A case study
Authors: Ogiesoba Osareni C. , Wright Wayne , Wang Fred , Popini M. V. , Franco M. P. , Lourenco A. T. , da Silva G. B. D. 
Published: November 2011

We demonstrate the use of two industry-standard, noise-attenuating algorithms, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] filtering, to attenuate coherent noise, improve event continuity, and obtain more reliable interpretation within the Pampo field, Campos Basin, offshore Brazil. We analyze 3D seismic data for noise type and associated maximum dip, and then determine optimal attenuating parameters required by the algorithms. In the crossline direction, coherent noise with dips as high as 16 to 18 ms/trace in the data masks real reflected signals. In the inline direction, the noise exhibited an approximately zero dip. The filtering process eliminated noise trains and improved event continuity, as well as obtained better well-to-seismic tie. The output wavenumber associated with noise trains is less than the Nyquist wavenumber; therefore, we conclude that the noise is not related to spatial aliasing, but to other undetermined sources. Though the noise occurs within the entire data volume, it is most severe in the vicinity of the carbonate platform. By eliminating linear noise that masquerades as geologic structures, we obtain better imaging of the Albian succession and the younger Cretaceous turbidite sequences, as well as the top of Aptian salt. The result is a better interpretation.
Imaging permafrost velocity structure using high resolution 3D seismic tomography
Authors: Ramachandran Kumar , Bellefleur Gilles , Brent Tom , Riedel Michael , Dallimore Scott 
Published: November 2011

A 3D seismic survey (Mallik 3D), covering [Formula: see text] in the Mackenzie Delta area of Canada’s north, was conducted by industry in 2002. Numerous lakes and marine inundation create a complex near-surface structure in the permafrost terrain. Much of the near subsurface remains frozen but significant melt zones exist particularly from perennially unfrozen water bodies. This results in an irregular distribution of permafrost ice creating a complex pattern of low and high frequency near-surface velocity variations which induce significant traveltime distortions in surface seismic data. A high resolution 3D traveltime tomography study was employed to map the permafrost velocity structure utilizing first-arrival traveltimes picked from 3D seismic shot records. Approximately 900,000 traveltime picks from 3167 shots were used in the inversion. Tomographic inversion of the first-arrival traveltimes resulted in a smooth velocity model for the upper 200 m of the subsurface. Ray coverage in the model is excellent down to 200 m providing effective control for estimating velocities through tomographic inversion. Resolution tests conducted through horizontal and vertical checkerboard tests confirm the robustness of the velocity model in detailing small scale velocity variations. Well velocities were used to validate tomographic velocities. The tomographic velocities do not show systematic correlation with well velocities. The velocity model clearly images the permafrost velocity structure in lateral and vertical directions. It is inferred from the velocity model that the permafrost structure in the near subsurface is discontinuous. Extensions of surface water bodies in depth, characterized by low P-wave velocities, are well imaged by the velocity model. Deep lakes with unfrozen water, inferred from the tomographic velocity model, correlate with areas of strong amplitude blanking and frequency attenuation observed in processed reflection seismic stack sections.
Mast cells express tyrosine hydroxylase and store dopamine in a serglycin-dependent manner
Authors: Rönnberg Elin , Calounova Gabriela , Pejler Gunnar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHere we show that mast cells contain dopamine and that mast cell activation causes dopamine depletion, indicating its presence within secretory granules. Dopamine storage increased during mast cell maturation from bone marrow precursors, and was dependent on the presence of serglycin. Moreover, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, was induced during mast cell maturation; histidine decarboxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 were also induced. Mast cell activation caused a robust induction of histidine decarboxylase, but no stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase or tryptophan hydroxylase 1 expression. The present study points toward a possible role of dopamine in mast cell function.
Rosmarinic acid content in basil plants grown in vitro and in hydroponics
Authors: Kiferle Claudia , Lucchesini Mariella , Mensuali-Sodi Anna , Maggini Rita , Raffaelli Andrea , Pardossi Alberto 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The accumulation of selected caffeic acid derivatives (CADs), in particular rosmarinic acid (RA), was investigated in different tissues (leaves, roots and plantlet shoots) of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants grown either in vitro or in hydroponic culture (floating system) under greenhouse conditions. Two cultivars with green leaves (Genovese and Superbo) and one with purple leaves (Dark Opal) were tested. The content of CADs in HCl-methanol extracts was determined by HPLC. LC-MS and LC-MS-MS were used to confirm the identification of the metabolites of interest. Apart from rosmarinic acid (RA) and a methylated form of this substance, no other CADs were detected at significant level in any of the analyzed samples. The content of RA ranged approximately from 4 to 63 mg/g DW, depending on the growing system. The highest RA content was found during the in vitro multiplication, in the acclimatized plants and in the roots of hydroponically-grown seedlings at full bloom. In vitro, 6-benzyladenine reduced the accumulation of RA in purple-leaf Dark Opal cultivar, but an opposite effect of this growth regulator was observed in the green-leaf genotypes. Our findings suggest the possibility to scale-up RA production by means of in vitro or hydroponic culture of sweet basil.
Preparation and Characterization of Mucoadhesive Microcapsules of Gliclazide with Natural Gums
Authors: Mankala Santhosh Kumar , Nagamalli Nishanth Kumar , Raprla Ramakrishna , Kommula Rajyalaxmi 
Published: November 2011

Gliclazide is an oral hypoglycemic agent used in management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Among people who are suffering from long term disorders, the major were categorized under diabetes so, a dosage form is needed to provide continuous therapy with high margin of safety & such dosage form can be achieved by microencapsulation. Gliclazide microspheres with sodium alginate (coat material, gum kondagogu, gum guar and xanthan gum (mucoadhesive agents) were prepared by orifice-ionic gelation and emulsification ionic gelation techniques varying concentrations (1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:0.75 and 1:1). Formulations were then evaluated for surface morphology, particle shape, Carr’s index, microencapsulation efficiency, drug release, mucoadhesion studies. Compatibility studies were performed by FTIR, DSC, and XRD techniques and no interactions were found between drug and excepients used. The microspheres were found spherical and free flowing with emulsion ionic gelation technique with a size range 400-600μm. % drug content and encapsulation efficiency found in the range of 55%-68% and, 86.23%-94.46% respectively. All microspheres showed good mucoadhesive property in in-vitro wash of test. In vitro drug release studies showed that the guar gum has more potentiality to retard the drug release compared to other gums and concentrations. Drug release from the microspheres was found slow following zero order release kinetics with non-fickian release mechanism stating release depended on the coat: core ratio and the method employed. The concentration of 1:1 of SA: GG (EMG 4) found suitable for preparing the controlled release formulation of gliclazide stating emulsification gelation technique is the best among followed. Key words: Gliclazide; Natural gums; orifice ionic gelation technique; emulsification ionic gelation technique DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8865 SJPS 2011; 4(1): 38-48
The Relationship between Obesity and Injuries among U.S. Adults
Authors: Finkelstein Eric A. , Chen Hong , Prabhu Malavika , Trogdon Justin G. , Corso Phaedra S. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To quantify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and rates of medically attended injuries by mechanism (overall, fall, motor vehicle, and sport-related) and by nature (strain/sprain, lower extremity fracture, and dislocations), and between BMI and injury treatment costs. Design. Cross-sectional analysis. Setting. The noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Subjects. The 1999–2000, 2000–2001, and 2001–2002 waves of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a large, nationally representative dataset, were combined to create the analysis sample. The final sample included 42,304 adults. Measures. Medically attended injury rates by mechanism and nature of injury and related treatment costs. Analysis. Logistic regressions were used to separately estimate the odds of sustaining any injury by mechanism or by nature for overweight (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9) and three categories of obese individuals compared with those who were normal weight. A second set of regressions tested whether, given that an injury occurred, obese individuals had greater injury treatment costs. Results. Slightly more than one in five adults sustain an injury each year that requires medical treatment. The odds of sustaining an injury are 15% (overweight) to 48% (Class III obesity) greater among those with excess weight. Conditional on sustaining an injury, BMI did not have a significant impact on injury treatment costs. Conclusion. Our findings show a clear association between BMI and the probability of sustaining an injury. If increasing BMI is causing the rise in injury rates, then the incidence of injuries, including those related to falls, sprains/strains, lower extremity fractures, and joint dislocations, are likely to increase as the prevalence of obesity increases.
Impact of National ABC Promotion on 1-800-QUIT-NOW
Authors: Hurd Ami L. , Augustson Erik M. , Backinger Cathy L. , Deaton Candace , Bright Mary Anne 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. ABC's World News Tonight (WNT) promotion of 800-QUIT-NOW allowed for a nationwide introduction of the QUIT-NOW number; this study examined the impact on call volume. Design. Pre-postassessment. Setting. National health promotion campaign. Subjects. U.S. population (smokers). Measures. Monthly call attempts to the quitline at national and state levels. Intervention. During November 2005 ABC's WNT highlighted the National Network of Tobacco Cessation Quitlines' toll-free number, 800-QUIT-NOW, during the month-long series, “Quit to Live: Fighting Lung Cancer.” Analysis. We compared changes in call volume prepromotion, during promotion, and postpromotion by percent and regional differences, range, and average number of calls. Results. Overall call volume in the United States (49 states and the District of Columbia) increased markedly in November; 37,049 calls compared with 16,145 in October. Although there was large variability across states, there was an average of 317 calls prepromotion, 726 calls during the promotion, and 397 calls postpromotion. Conclusion. The promotion highlighted the need for capacity building in terms of both sustained promotion and ability of quitlines to provide service as the number of calls increased, as well as the importance of coordinating efforts so adjustments to individual state quitlines can be made. The series served as the first national promotion and drew attention to the potential impact on the National Network of Tobacco Cessation Quitlines.
A Prospective Study of Physical Activity Intensity and Change in Adiposity in Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Bailey Bruce W. , Tucker Larry A. , Peterson Travis R. , LeCheminant James D. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To determine the extent to which objectively measured intensity of physical activity (PA) predicts change in body fat (BF%) in women. Design. Prospective cohort study of PA intensity and body composition in middle-aged women. Setting. The study took place in a metropolitan Mountain West community. Subjects. Two hundred and twenty-eight women participated in two assessment periods separated by 20 months. Measures. Each assessment period consisted of seven consecutive days of monitoring, followed by body composition testing. Analysis. The general linear model using partial correlations and Mantel-Haenszel χ2 tests were performed. Results. At baseline and follow-up, women who participated in vigorous PA were leaner than women who participated in moderate or light PA (p < .05). Longitudinal results indicated that a greater proportion of women who decreased PA intensity over the 20 months also increased BF% (66%), compared to participants who increased or maintained PA intensity (47%) (p < .05). Conclusions. PA intensity seems to play a role in long-term weight maintenance. Reducing PA intensity increases the risk of BF% gain in women. Efforts to help women maintain PA intensity along with other weight management strategies may prove beneficial in preventing unwanted body fat gain in middle-aged women.
Physicians' Beliefs about Discussing Obesity: Results from Focus Groups
Authors: Alexander Stewart C. , Østbye Truls , Pollak Kathryn I. , Gradison Margaret , Bastian Lori A. , Brouwer Rebecca J. Namenek 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Physicians are expected to discuss weight loss with overweight and obese patients. Physicians' beliefs, outcome expectancies, and strategies for addressing weight with patients have not been examined. Design. Two focus groups of family physicians and internists included questions about obesity and how physicians discuss weight loss with patients. Setting/Subjects. Family physicians (n = 11) and internists (n = 6) from Duke University Medical Center's Department of Community and Family Medicine and Department of Medicine. Analysis. Qualitative analysis approach using grounded theory methodology. Results. Physicians' responses centered on five key themes: (1) responsibility, (2) barriers, (3) target populations, (4) introducing topic, and (5) ways to talk about obesity. Conclusion. Physicians have many barriers related to discussing weight loss with patients. Given the obesity epidemic, the need to understand how to have these discussions, when to have these discussions, and with whom to have these discussions becomes paramount to providing effective care for patients with obesity. Limited physician training in weight-loss counseling explains why physicians find it challenging to discuss obesity with patients.