bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended Thresholds II: The Articulated Envelope
Authors: Hensel Michael , Hensel Defne Sunguroğlu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPrevious to the widespread adoption of air conditioning in the 20th century, which introduced a distinct differentiation between controlled interior space and the external environment, ‘a wealth of strategies’ were developed in Turkey to moderate the transition between inside and outside. There is much to learn from these no‐energy and low‐energy solutions to climate control. Here, Michael Hensel and Defne Sunguroğlu Hensel describe the original research and special study they undertook of external vertical thresholds in an extended envelope when they gained special access to the 17th‐century Yerevan Kiosk and Baghdad Kiosk in the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To Integrate of Not to Integrate?
Authors: Tanyeli Ugur 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTurkish architecture over the last 150 years has been plagued by its preoccupation with its integration with the West. Should it be embracing or reflecting Western cultural, technical and professional standards? Uğur Tanyeli provides the background to this pessimistic context and describes how a new generation of architects over the last 10 years have transcended this predicament by producing work that turns away from this obsession with identity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amanda Levete Architects (AL_A)
Authors: Garcia Mark 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLike a phoenix rising from the ashes, Amanda Levete Architects (AL_A) is taking up where Future Systems left off. Led by Amanda Levete, previous co‐director of Future Systems with the late Jan Kaplicky', the practice retains its unique sensibility with its emphasis on new technologies, materials, science and engineering combined with art, design, fashion and the organic. Mark Garcia visited AL_A's Notting Hill‐based studios to review the current projects of this 40‐strong team and to talk to Levete about the underlying design principles and processes behind the office's work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Janus Particle Synthesis and Assembly
Authors: Jiang Shan , Chen Qian , Tripathy Mukta , Luijten Erik , Schweizer Kenneth S. , Granick Steve 
Published: January 2010

AbstractJanus particles, colloid‐sized particles with two regions of different surface chemical composition, possess energetic interactions that depend not only on their separation but also on their orientation. Research on Janus and colloidal particles that are chemically patchy in even more complicated fashion has opened a new chapter in the colloid research field. This article highlights recent progress in both experiment and theory regarding synthesis and self‐assembly of Janus particles, and tentatively outlines some areas of future opportunity.
Multiphase flow and mixing in dilute bubble swarms
Authors: Radl Stefan , Khinast Johannes G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHigh‐fidelity three‐dimensional (3‐D) simulations of multiphase flow and mixing in dilute bubble swarms were performed using the Euler‐Lagrange simulation approach. Included was species transport, as well as complex chemical reactions in the simulations. It was found that the algebraic SGS model satisfactory predicts experimental data for the mean flow field. A detailed description of multiphase flow was used and developed to simulate the time evolution of scalar and reactive mixing in a bubble column. An analysis involving the scale of segregation ϕ, a metric that characterizes the mean driving force for mixing, is applied for the first time to multiphase flow. The study shows that ϕ is inversely proportional to the bubble diameter at constant gas‐feed rate, but only a weak function of the gas‐feed rate. Also, we observed significant differences of mixing metrics in reactive and nonreactive systems. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Impact of musculoskeletal and medical conditions on disability retirement—a longitudinal study among construction roofers
Authors: Welch Laura S. , Haile Elizabeth , Boden Leslie I. , Hunting Katherine L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the intersection of work demands, chronic medical and musculoskeletal conditions, aging, and disability, we initiated a longitudinal study of construction roofers who were current union members between the ages of 40 and 59.MethodsParticipants were asked about the presence of medical conditions and musculoskeletal disorders; the Work Limitations Questionnaire, the SF‐12, and other validated assessments of social and economic impact of injury were included.ResultsFactors at baseline that predicted leaving for a health‐related reason were older age, lower physical functioning, work limitations, and having missed work. Those who left roofing for a health‐related reason were much more likely to have a lower economic score at the 1 year interview.ConclusionsMedical and musculoskeletal conditions are strongly associated with work limitation, missed work, and reduced physical functioning; these factors are also associated with premature departure from the workforce. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53: 552–560, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scopoli's work in the field of mercurialism in light of today's knowledge: Past and present perspectives
Authors: Kobal Alfred Bogomir , Grum Darja Kobal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Idrija Mercury Mine (1490–1994) appointed its first physician, Joannes Antonius Scopoli, in 1754. Most of his descriptions of mercurialism are still relevant today. This study highlights Scopoli's observations on the interaction between elemental mercury (Hg°) and alcohol, on the appearance of lung impairment, insomnia, and depressive mood in mercurialism. This presentation is based on Scopoli's experiences presented in his book,De Hydrargyro Idriensi Tentamina(1761), current knowledge, and our own experience acquired through health monitoring of occupational Hg° exposure. Some studies have confirmed Scopoli's observation that alcohol enhances mercurialism and his hypothesis that exposure to high Hg° concentrations causes serious lung impairment. Neurobiological studies have highlighted the influence of Hg° on sleep disorder and depressive mood observed by Scopoli. Although today's knowledge provides new perspectives of Scopoli's work on mercurialism, his work is still very important and can be considered a part of occupational medicine heritage. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:535‐547, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostication after cardiac arrest and hypothermia: A prospective study
Authors: Rossetti Andrea O. , Oddo Mauro , Logroscino Giancarlo , Kaplan Peter W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveCurrent American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guidelines for outcome prediction in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest (CA) have been validated before the therapeutic hypothermia era (TH). We undertook this study to verify the prognostic value of clinical and electrophysiological variables in the TH setting.MethodsA total of 111 consecutive comatose survivors of CA treated with TH were prospectively studied over a 3‐year period. Neurological examination, electroencephalography (EEG), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were performed immediately after TH, at normothermia and off sedation. Neurological recovery was assessed at 3 to 6 months, using Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC).ResultsThree clinical variables, assessed within 72 hours after CA, showed higher false‐positive mortality predictions as compared with the AAN guidelines: incomplete brainstem reflexes recovery (4% vs 0%), myoclonus (7% vs 0%), and absent motor response to pain (24% vs 0%). Furthermore, unreactive EEG background was incompatible with good long‐term neurological recovery (CPC 1–2) and strongly associated with in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio for death, 15.4; 95% confidence interval, 3.3–71.9). The presence of at least 2 independent predictors out of 4 (incomplete brainstem reflexes, myoclonus, unreactive EEG, and absent cortical SSEP) accurately predicted poor long‐term neurological recovery (positive predictive value = 1.00); EEG reactivity significantly improved the prognostication.InterpretationOur data show that TH may modify outcome prediction after CA, implying that some clinical features should be interpreted with more caution in this setting as compared with the AAN guidelines. EEG background reactivity is useful in determining the prognosis after CA treated with TH. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:301–307
Nanopartikuläre Funktionsmaterialien
Authors: Goesmann Helmut , Feldmann Claus 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNanopartikuläre Funktionsmaterialien bieten vielfältige Perspektiven für die fortschreitende Miniaturisierung und die zunehmende Komplexität der technischen Entwicklung. Ebenso tragen Nanopartikel maßgeblich zum ressourcenschonenden Einsatz von Stoffen bei. Neben diesen naheliegenden Aspekten beruht die Bedeutung der Nanopartikel jedoch auf ihren grundsätzlich neuartigen Eigenschaften und Funktionen. Diese reichen von photonischen Kristallen und effizienten Leuchtstoffen, Einzelpartikeln und Dünnschichten für elektronische Speicher und Schaltelemente, magnetischen Flüssigkeiten und hochselektiven Katalysatoren, vielfältigen Möglichkeiten zur Veredlung von Oberflächen, neuartigen Materialien und Konzepten zur Energieumwandlung und ‐speicherung, Kontrastmitteln für die molekularbiologische und medizinische Diagnostik bis hin zu grundsätzlich neuartigen Materialformen und ‐strukturen wie Nanocontainern und Superkristallen. Die Realisierung hochwertiger Nanopartikel erfordert dabei bereits während der Materialsynthese die Berücksichtigung vieler Einflussgrößen, die Partikelkern, Partikeloberflächen, kolloidale Eigenschaften und Partikelabscheidung betreffen. Eine sinnvolle Eigenschaftscharakterisierung und ‐bewertung bedingt dabei die Einbindung vielfältiger Kompetenzen aus unterschiedlichsten Fachgebieten. Dieses Umfeld macht insgesamt Anspruch als auch Reiz für den “Nanowissenschaftler” aus.
Inside Cover: A Phosphine‐Mediated Conversion of Azides into Diazo Compounds (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 13/2009)
Authors: Myers Eddie L. , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn 1919 H. Staudinger and J. Meyer reported the reductive fragmentation of an azide to an amine. In their Communication on page 2359 ff., E. L. Myers and R. T. Raines report the complementary reaction—cleavage of the other NN bond in an azide to yield a diazo compound. Both transformations rely on a reagent that contains PIII. The painting, The Alchymist, in Search of the Philosopher's Stone, Discovers Phosphorus, by J. Wright (1771), depicts the discovery of phosphorus by H. Brandt in 1669 (cover art by H. A. Steinberg).magnified image
Fluorinated polypropylene barrier materials: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Cheng Si , Wen Dijiang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of novel fluorinated polypropylenes (FPP) with low surface tension were prepared by reactive extrusion of polypropylene (PP) with fluorinated methacrylate, 2,3,4,5,5,5‐hexafluoro‐2,4‐bis (trifluoromethyl) pentyl methacrylate (HFPMA), aiming at improving the barrier properties of the material for the containers of organic liquids. The surface characteristics of these polypropylene materials and the influence of HFPMA on the crystalline behavior were investigated by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The surface tension of the FPPs is found to be in the range of 28.8–22.9 mN/m while varying the fluorinated monomer contents, which was lower than that of the original PP (about 30 mN/m). The barrier properties of these materials as the containers were studied by using blow‐molded bottles made of FPP and PP. The results showed that enhanced permeation resistance for acetone and xylene solvents as well as better antiultraviolet transmittance properties were achieved in FPP bottles. The acetone and xylene permeation ratio of the FPP bottles were about 1.62 and 1.28 times compared to that of PP bottles, respectively. In addition, the WAXD and DSC studies suggested that the grafting of the fluorinated methacrylate, HFPMA, onto the PP might induce the formation of β form crystals, which is rarely found in the common PP materials. The percentage of β form crystals reached 33.6%, estimated by WAXD, in the FPP with 20% (by weight) of HFPMA. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation of polyacrylonitrile with improved isotacticity and low polydispersity
Authors: Jiang Jianguo , Lu Xiaoyan , Lu Yun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe preparation of a polymer with both low polydispersity and high tacticity is one current challenge we face and warrants thorough investigation from both the theoretical and experimental standpoints. In this study, we synthesized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with simultaneously controlled molecular weight and tacticity on the basis of the strategy of the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of Lewis acids. A new combined initiation system of 3‐bromopropionitrile (3‐BPN)/Cu2O/N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) was used for the ATRP of AN for the first time. When the polymerization was performed with the ratio [AN]0/[Initiator]0/[Cu2O]0/[TMEDA]0 = 190/1/0.5/1.5 (where the subscript 0 indicates the initial conditions) in ethylene carbonate at 60°C for 48 h, the polydispersity of the obtained PAN was 1.13, and the molecular weight was up to 13,710. The polymerization kinetics results show that the polymerizations proceeded with a living/controlled nature except that an induction period existed during the polymerization process because of the lower initiating activity of 3‐BPN. Also, two kinds of Lewis acid, AlCl3 and yttrium trifluororomethanesulflnate, were used in the ATRP system of AN for the tacticity control. The addition of 0.01 equiv (relative to AN) of the Lewis acid AlCl3 in the polymerization afforded PAN with an improved isotacticity [meso/meso triad (mm) = 0.32] and a very narrow polydispersity (1.06). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation of O‐carboxymethyl‐N‐trimethyl chitosan chloride and flocculation of the wastewater in sugar refinery
Authors: Li Shi‐Qian , Zhou Pei‐Jiang , Yao Ping‐Jia , Wei Yuan‐An , Zhang Yun‐Hua , Yue Wu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA novel water soluble amphiphilic O‐ carboxymethyl‐N‐trimethyl Chitosan chloride (CMTMC) was synthesized. The structure of this material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results showed that CMTMC had been successfully prepared. To determine the flocculation performance of the synthesized amphiphilic polymer, a comparison was made among Chitosan (CS), N‐trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), O‐carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), and CMTMC on the turbidity and COD removal efficiency of 1% (v/v) wastewater in sugar refinery suspensions at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 at a dosage range of 0–8 mg/L. The results showed that the water soluble amphiphilic polymer CMTMC, which contains longer polymer anion and polymer cation, had the best performance not only in turbidity removal but also in COD removal on sugar refinery wastewater. The using of CMTMC as a flocculant to treat wastewater in sugar refinery was actually more effective than CS, CMC, and TMC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and characterization of interpenetrating polymer network silicone hydrogels with high oxygen permeability
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Li Xinsong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the current work, interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) silicone hydrogels are prepared by UV‐initiated polymerization of acrylate monomers including siloxane macromer, methacryloxypropyl tris (trimethylsiloxy) silane (TRIS) and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA)/N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) in the presence of free radical and cationic photoinitiators. The polymerization mechanism is investigated preliminarily by the formation of gel network. The morphology of the hydrogels is characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the IPN hydrogels exhibit a heterogeneous morphology. The surface wettability is examined by the contact angle goniometer. The result reveals that the IPN silicone hydrogels possess hydrophilic surfaces with the lowest water contact angle of 59°. Furthermore, the oxygen permeability of the hydrogels is measured by an oxygen transmission tester. The results indicate that the IPN silicone hydrogels have excellent oxygen permeability with the highest Dk of 226 barrer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The selective estrogen receptor α agonist Org 37663 induces estrogenic effects but lacks antirheumatic activity: A phase IIa trial investigating efficacy and safety of Org 37663 in postmenopausal female rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving stable background methotrexate or sulfasalazine
Authors: van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Houbiers Jos G. A. , Buttgereit Frank , in 't Hout Joanna , Boers Maarten , Leij Susanne , Kvien Tore K. , Dijkmans Ben A. C. , Szczepański Leszek , Szombati Istvan , Sierakowski Stanislaw , Miltenburg André M. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveMultiple lines of evidence suggest that sex hormones may play a role in the pathogenesis or clinical expression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies on the effects of exogenous estrogens in RA patients have yielded contradictory results. We undertook this study to determine the effects of the selective estrogen receptor α (ERα) agonist Org 37663 in patients with RA, in terms of both its estrogenic effects and its ability to ameliorate disease activity.MethodsA 10‐week, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group, dose‐finding, proof‐of‐concept trial was initiated to obtain data on the efficacy and safety of Org 37663 in postmenopausal female patients with RA who were receiving background treatment with either methotrexate or sulfasalazine. Patients were randomized to receive placebo or Org 37663 at doses of 4 mg/day, 15 mg/day, or 50 mg/week. The primary efficacy variable was the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28).ResultsOrg 37663 induced a clear biologic, estrogenic response in several organ systems, including a dose‐related increase in levels of sex hormone binding globulin. However, the DAS28 decreased similarly for all treatment groups including placebo, indicating lack of clinical efficacy of Org 37663 in this trial.ConclusionThe observed lack of clinical benefit in RA patients treated with an ERα agonist, in association with a clear biologic response to the study drug, provides evidence that a biologically relevant ERα‐mediated estrogenic effect is not associated with a clinically relevant effect on RA symptoms and signs.
Methotrexate polyglutamate concentrations are not associated with disease control in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long‐term methotrexate therapy
Authors: Stamp Lisa K. , O'Donnell John L. , Chapman Peter T. , Zhang Mei , James Jill , Frampton Christopher , Barclay Murray L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveThere are limited data suggesting that methotrexate polyglutamate (MTXGlu) concentrations can guide MTX dosing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to define a therapeutic range of red blood cell (RBC) MTXGlun concentrations (where n refers to the number of glutamate groups), including threshold values for efficacy and adverse effects in patients receiving long‐term oral MTX treatment.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 192 patients receiving oral MTX was undertaken. Disease activity was assessed by the swollen and tender joint counts, the C‐reactive protein level, and the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28). High disease activity was defined as a DAS28 of >3.2. A standardized questionnaire regarding common MTX adverse effects was completed.ResultsThe MTX dosage was significantly higher in patients in whom the swollen joint count and DAS28 were higher. The MTXGlu4, MTXGlu5, MTXGlu3–5, and MTXGlu1–5 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with high disease activity. After correction for age, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the MTX dosage, the association remained significant for MTXGlu5. RBC folate concentrations were significantly higher in the group with high disease activity. There was no association between any MTXGlun concentration and adverse effects.ConclusionIn contrast to other studies, the results of the present study did not show a relationship between the MTXGlun concentration and reduced disease activity in patients with RA who were receiving long‐term MTX therapy. However, disease activity was influenced by the RBC folate level, which may be a more important factor than MTXGlun concentrations for disease control. In accordance with the findings of previous studies, we were unable to show a relationship between MTXGlun concentrations and adverse effects. Prospective studies will be important to determine whether there is a role for measuring MTXGlun concentrations in patients receiving long‐term treatment with MTX.
Confirmation of an association between rs6822844 at the Il2–Il21 region and multiple autoimmune diseases: Evidence of a general susceptibility locus
Authors: Maiti Amit K. , Kim‐Howard Xana , Viswanathan Parvathi , Guillén Laura , Rojas‐Villarraga Adriana , Deshmukh Harshal , Direskeneli Haner , Saruhan‐Direskeneli Güher , Cañas Carlos , Tobön Gabriel J. , Sawalha Amr H. , Cherñavsky Alejandra C. , Anaya Juan‐Manuel , Nath Swapan K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveAutoimmune diseases often have susceptibility genes in common, indicating similar molecular mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that rs6822844 at the IL2–IL21 region is strongly associated with multiple autoimmune diseases in individuals of European descent. This study was undertaken to attempt to replicate the association between rs6822844 and 6 different immune‐mediated diseases in non‐European populations, and to perform disease‐specific and overall meta‐analyses using data from previously published studies.MethodsWe evaluated case–control associations between rs6822844 and celiac disease (CD) in subjects from Argentina; rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in subjects from Colombia; and Behçet's disease (BD) in subjects from Turkey. Allele and gene distributions were compared between cases and controls. Meta‐analyses were performed using data from the present study and previous studies.ResultsWe detected significant associations of rs6822844 with SLE (P = 0.008), type 1 DM (P = 0.014), RA (P = 0.019), and primary SS (P = 0.033) but not with BD (P = 0.34) or CD (P = 0.98). We identified little evidence of population differentiation (FST = 0.01) within cases and controls from Argentina and Colombia, suggesting that association was not influenced by population substructure. Disease‐specific meta‐analysis indicated significant association for RA (Pmeta = 3.61 × 10−6), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) (Pmeta = 3.48 × 10−12), type 1 DM (Pmeta = 5.33 × 10−5), and CD (Pmeta = 5.30 × 10−3). Overall meta‐analysis across all autoimmune diseases reinforced association with rs6822844 (23 data sets; Pmeta = 2.61 × 10−25, odds ratio 0.73 [95% confidence interval 0.69–0.78]).ConclusionOur results indicate that there is an association between rs6822844 and multiple autoimmune diseases in non‐European populations. Meta‐analysis results strongly reinforce this robust association across multiple autoimmune diseases in both European‐derived and non‐European populations.