bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some analysis of call blocking probabilities in hierarchical WDM networks offering multiclass service
Authors: Kuppuswamy Kalyan , Lee Daniel C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe envision a large‐scale multiclass optical network in which lightpaths are dynamically set up and terminated between source and destination nodes and these lightpaths traverse through a number of interconnected WDM networks in different administrative domains. In this envisioned multiclass network, calls are classified by the number of wavelengths demanded per call and the statistics of call holding times (or service subscription periods). We present an approximation method for the performance analysis of such a large‐scale multiclass optical WDM network. We model the large‐scale optical network as a two‐level hierarchical multiclass loss network; the lower level of hierarchy consists of individual optical WDM networks (network segments). Each of these network segments is abstracted to a logical node at the higher level of hierarchy, and these logical nodes are connected to each other through logical links. We also assume that the call processing mechanism in this large‐scale optical network resorts to hierarchical routing. The algorithms presented in this paper computeper‐class end‐to‐end approximate blocking probabilities. Our experiments show that the simulation results match closely with the results of the proposed analytical approximation methods, thus validating the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tournament‐based congestion control protocol for multimedia streaming in ubiquitous sensor networks
Authors: Lee Chongdeuk , Jeong TaegWon , Lian Shiguo 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYCongestion in the ubiquitous sensor network occurs when traffic load exceeds available capacity at any point in a network. Congestion causes overall channel quality to degrade and loss rates to rise, leads to buffer drops and increases latencies. Therefore, congestion and latency have effects on energy efficiency, memory size, buffer size, and throughput. This paper proposes a new method, called TCCP (Tournament‐based Congestion Control Protocol), to minimize congestion in the ubiquitous sensor network. In this paper, the winner is the stream with the highest importance level in the competition of ubiquitous sensor network. In general, there are a lot of congestion and delay in the continuous streaming of multimedia streams with lower importance level. The proposed method consists of three parts: tournament decision, best‐fit control strategy and service differentiation. The final winner in the tournament controls congestion effectively, minimizes packet loss due to congestion, decreases energy consumption, and improves QoS. The simulation result shows that the proposed method is more effective and has better performance compared with those of CCF (congestion control and fairness), PCCP (priority based congestion control protocol), and CODA (congestion detection and avoidance). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Downlink multiple access schemes for transmitted reference pulse cluster UWB systems
Authors: Liang Zhonghua , Jin Li , Dong Xiaodai 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTransmitted reference pulse cluster (TRPC) signaling was recently proposed for low data rate ultra‐wideband communications. Compared with the conventional transmitted reference (TR), TRPC has a more compact and uniform spacing for the reference and data pulses and therefore solves the implementation problem posed by the long delay line requirement in the conventional TR. In this paper, downlink multiple access issue is further investigated for TRPC systems. According to the TRPC signaling structure, both code division multiple access (CDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) methods are discussed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that TDMA outperforms CDMA in both bit error rate performance and throughput. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical activity levels of patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Nakamura Mayumi , Yamabe Hideaki , Kitajima Maiko , Kudo Umi , Urushizaka Mayumi , Tomisawa Toshiko , Itaki Chieko , Kawasaki Kumiko , Noto Yuka , Akaishi Sachiko , Shimada Kimiko 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh levels of physical activity improve the prognosis and quality of life (QOL) for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The aims of this study were to measure physical activity using a pedometer and to explain the relationship between physical activity and clinical outcomes in HD patients.METHODSThe study population comprised 38 patients (17 men and 21 women; mean age: 56.1 years; range, 41–69 years) who underwent HD 3 days/week. Physical activity was measured with a pedometer. The relationships between the clinical data and levels of physical activity were examined.RESULTSThe mean number of steps taken per day for 1 week was 4,157.4 ± 2,068.1, and the mean value for all‐consumption calories per day for 1 week was 1,623.0 ± 240.5 kcal. The mean daily value for all‐consumption calories showed positive correlations with basal metabolic calorie and serum creatinine levels, as well as the Physical Functioning score in the Kidney Disease Quality of Life‐Short Form instrument (KDQOL‐SF), whereas it showed negative correlations with the levels of total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the cardiothoracic ratio. The mean calorie consumption by action, subtracting basic metabolism calories from all‐consumption calories, also showed positive correlations with the number of steps and the Physical Functioning score in the KDQOL‐SF, while it showed negative correlations with the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels.CONCLUSIONSThe parameter of all‐consumption calories per day, measured with a pedometer, is useful for evaluating the levels of physical activity of HD patients and for formulating exercise recommendations.
Calciphylaxis—Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kirschberg Oliver , Saers Thomas , Krakamp Bernd 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report on a 78‐year‐old female patient who suffered from end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and received intermittent hemodialysis for 9 years. In the late progression of ESRD, she developed very painful ulcerations on both legs. The ulcerations were diagnosed as an early stage of calciphylaxis. In line with the high mortality of this disease, she lived only 5 months after initial diagnosis.Up to now, the pathology of calciphylaxis has been poorly understood. Hence no truly successful treatment regime has been available. Treatment should focus on the patient's pain, a major manifestation of the illness.This case report looks at a rare and seldom seen illness in patients with end‐stage renal disease.
One‐Pot Stereoselective Double Intramolecular Oxymercuration: Synthesis of Four Isomers of an Unsymmetrical Bis‐Tetrahydrofuran Ring System
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Naidu P. Ramesh , Reddy D. Srinivas , Nayak Sabita , Mohapatra Seetaram 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStereoselective one‐pot double intramolecular oxymercuration has been demonstrated to be the key reaction in the efficient preparation of the mono‐hydroxylated bis‐tetrahydrofuran ring system present in asimitrin and salzmanolin, two naturally occurring biologically active nonclassical acetogenins.
Optimization of the procedure to burn textile fabrics by cone calorimeter: Part I. Combustion behavior of polyester
Authors: Tata Jennifer , Alongi Jenny , Carosio Federico , Frache Alberto 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was the optimization of cone calorimeter to determine the burning behavior of textile fabrics. In particular, the combustion behavior of commercial polyester textile fabrics with varying densities was studied in terms of time to ignition (TTI), heat release rate (HRR), and relative peak (pkHRR) were monitored. Reproducibility and repeatability of the data have been verified by the influence of instrument variable including incident heat flux, the temperature of ceramic backing pads and retaining grid used during sample mounting as well as sample weight (as the number of fabric layers), the density of textiles, and the relative humidity. A low reproducibility has been obtained when a wire grid was not used to stabilize samples during the tests. The effects of these variables on TTI and pkHRR were observed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a chewing device to perform a mass balance on chewing gum components
Authors: Krause Andrea J. , Henson Lulu S. , Reineccius Gary A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA mechanical device was fabricated to simulate mastication of chewing gum; this device allowed us to perform a mass balance on the volatiles and non‐volatiles added to chewing gum during simulated mastication. Model volatiles (ethyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate and limonene) released from the gum into the gas phase were quantified using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR‐MS). The chewing device was equipped to simulate salivation (saliva in) and swallowing (saliva out) using water as simulated saliva. The model compounds released into simulated saliva were extracted and quantified using gas chromatography. Sugar alcohols (sorbitol and xylitol) and glycerin were quantified using HPLC‐MS. High‐potency sweeteners (acesulfame‐K, sucralose, rebaudioside A and sodium saccharin) were quantified using UPLC‐MS. The model volatiles initially added to the chewing gum were distributed in two or three fractions: the masticated gum (43–84%); the simulated saliva (ethyl butyrate and isoamyl acetate were recovered from the water at 9–11% and 14–17%, respectively) and the gas phase (ethyl butyrate and isoamyl acetate were recovered from the gas phase at 7–10% and 29–40%, respectively). Limonene could not be detected in the simulated saliva, and >80% remained in the gum after mastication. Almost all (>90%) of the water‐soluble polyols and high‐potency sweeteners were extracted from the gum into the simulated saliva by mastication. Given the presented validation of the device, we feel the device could be used to evaluate and potentially screen and evaluate ingredients in chewing gum formulations. By using a device to circumvent the variability of human subjects, a more consistent and efficient throughput of samples could be achieved.
Nested and parallel sparse algorithms for arterial fluid mechanics computations with boundary layer mesh refinement
Authors: Manguoglu Murat , Takizawa Kenji , Sameh Ahmed H. , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractArterial fluid–structure interaction (FSI) computations involve a number of numerical challenges. Because blood flow is incompressible, iterative solution of the fluid mechanics part of the linear equation system at every nonlinear iteration of each time step is one of those challenges, especially for computations over slender domains and in the presence of boundary layer mesh refinement. In this paper we address that challenge. As test cases, we use equation systems from stabilized finite element computation of a bifurcating middle cerebral artery segment with aneurysm, with thin layers of elements near the arterial wall. We show how the preconditioning techniques, we propose for solving these large sparse nonsymmetric systems, perform at different time steps of the computation over a cardiac cycle. We also present a new hybrid parallel sparse linear system solver ‘DD‐Spike’ and demonstrate its scalability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalized view on Galilean invariance in stabilized compressible flow computations
Authors: Scovazzi G. , Love E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article presents a generalized analysis on the significance of Galilean invariance in compressible flow computations with stabilized and variational multi‐scale methods. The understanding of the key issues and the development of general approaches to Galilean‐invariant stabilization are facilitated by the use of a matrix‐operator description of Galilean transformations. The analysis of invariance for discontinuity capturing operators is also included. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variable viscosity effects on the peristaltic motion of a third‐order fluid
Authors: Hayat T. , Abbasi F. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effect of variable viscosity on the peristaltic motion of MHD third‐order fluid in a channel is studied using slip condition. The series solution for stream function, longitudinal velocity and pressure gradient are first derived and then discussed in detail. The pressure rise and frictional forces are monitored through numerical integration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐analysis of genetic association studies and adjustment for multiple testing of correlated SNPs and traits
Authors: Conneely Karen N. , Boehnke Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMeta‐analysis has become a key component of well‐designed genetic association studies due to the boost in statistical power achieved by combining results across multiple samples of individuals and the need to validate observed associations in independent studies. Meta‐analyses of genetic association studies based on multiple SNPs and traits are subject to the same multiple testing issues as single‐sample studies, but it is often difficult to adjust accurately for the multiple tests. Procedures such as Bonferroni may control the type‐I error rate but will generally provide an overly harsh correction if SNPs or traits are correlated. Depending on study design, availability of individual‐level data, and computational requirements, permutation testing may not be feasible in a meta‐analysis framework. In this article, we present methods for adjusting for multiple correlated tests under several study designs commonly employed in meta‐analyses of genetic association tests. Our methods are applicable to both prospective meta‐analyses in which several samples of individuals are analyzed with the intent to combine results, and retrospective meta‐analyses, in which results from published studies are combined, including situations in which (1) individual‐level data are unavailable, and (2) different sets of SNPs are genotyped in different studies due to random missingness or two‐stage design. We show through simulation that our methods accurately control the rate of type I error and achieve improved power over multiple testing adjustments that do not account for correlation between SNPs or traits. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 739‐746, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CAPL: a novel association test using case‐control and family data and accounting for population stratification
Authors: Chung Ren‐Hua , Schmidt Michael A. , Morris Richard W. , Martin Eden R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe recent successes of GWAS based on large sample sizes motivate combining independent datasets to obtain larger sample sizes and thereby increase statistical power. Analysis methods that can accommodate different study designs, such as family‐based and case‐control designs, are of general interest. However, population stratification can cause spurious association for population‐based association analyses. For family‐based association analysis that infers missing parental genotypes based on the allele frequencies estimated in the entire sample, the parental mating‐type probabilities may not be correctly estimated in the presence of population stratification. Therefore, any approach to combining family and case‐control data should also properly account for population stratification. Although several methods have been proposed to accommodate family‐based and case‐control data, all have restrictions. Most of them require sampling a homogeneous population, which may not be a reasonable assumption for data from a large consortium. One of the methods, FamCC, can account for population stratification and uses nuclear families with arbitrary number of siblings but requires parental genotype data, which are often unavailable for late‐onset diseases. We extended the family‐based test, Association in the Presence of Linkage (APL), to combine family and case‐control data (CAPL). CAPL can accommodate case‐control data and families with multiple affected siblings and missing parents in the presence of population stratification. We used simulations to demonstrate that CAPL is a valid test either in a homogeneous population or in the presence of population stratification. We also showed that CAPL can have more power than other methods that combine family and case‐control data. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:747‐755, 2010.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The constitutive production of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol participates in oligodendrocyte differentiation
Authors: Gomez Oscar , Arevalo‐Martin Angel , Garcia‐Ovejero Daniel , Ortega‐Gutierrez Silvia , Cisneros Jose Antonio , Almazan Guillermina , Sánchez‐Rodriguez María Alejandra , Molina‐Holgado Francisco , Molina‐Holgado Eduardo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEndocannabinoids have recently emerged as instructive cues in the developing central nervous system, and, based on the expression of their receptors, we identified oligodendrocytes as potential targets of these molecules. Here, we show that the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of the endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLα) and beta (DAGLβ), and degradation, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), can be found in oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages. Moreover, cultured oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) express DAGLα and β abundantly, resulting in the stronger production of 2‐AG than in differentiated oligodendrocytes. The opposite is observed with MAGL. CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists (SR141716 and AM630) impaired OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes and likewise, inhibiting DAGL activity with RHC‐80267 or tetrahydrolipstatin also blocked oligodendrocyte maturation, an effect reversed by the addition of exogenous 2‐AG. Likewise, 2‐AG synthesis disruption using specific siRNAs against DAGLα and DAGLβ significantly reduced myelin protein expression in vitro, whereas a pharmacological gain‐of‐function approach by using cannabinoid agonists or MAGL inhibition had the opposite effects. ERK/MAPK pathway is implicated in oligodendrocyte differentiation because PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK1, abrogated oligodendrocyte maturation. The cannabinoid receptor antagonists and RHC‐80267 all diminished basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation, effects that were partially reversed by the addition of 2‐AG. Overall, our data suggest a novel role of endocannabinoids in oligodendrocyte differentiation such that constitutive release of 2‐AG activates cannabinoid receptors in an autocrine/paracrine way in OPCs, stimulating the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth factors upregulate astrocyte [Ca2+]i oscillation by increasing SERCA2b expression
Authors: Morita Mitsuhiro , Kudo Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPreviously, we reported upregulation of astrocyte [Ca2+]i oscillation by growth factors (i.e., conversion of glutamate‐induced sustained [Ca2+]i increase in astrocytes cultured in a defined medium to [Ca2+]i oscillation by EGF and bFGF treatment over 48 h) (Morita et al., (2003) J Neurosci 23:10944–10952). As our previous study also showed that these growth factors increase intracellular Ca2+ stores, this study was performed to investigate the mechanism underlying loading of intracellular Ca2+ stores in astrocytes, especially sarco‐endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), as a candidate mechanism by which growth factors upregulate [Ca2+]i oscillation. The results indicated that the growth factors upregulated a SERCA inhibitor‐sensitive component of [Ca2+]i clearance, and increased expression of the SERCA subtype, SERCA2b. Furthermore, treating the growth factor‐treated astrocytes with a low concentration of SERCA inhibitor to partially inhibit SERCA reduced the level of intracellular Ca2+ storage and reversed glutamate‐induced [Ca2+]i oscillations to sustained [Ca2+]i increases. Thus, the upregulation of [Ca2+]i oscillations was attributed to the upregulation of SERCA activities. These results indicated that these growth factors regulate the pattern of glutamate‐induced astrocyte [Ca2+]i increases via SERCA2b expression. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foot pad skin biopsy in mouse models of hereditary neuropathy
Authors: Dacci Patrizia , Dina Giorgia , Cerri Federica , Previtali Stefano Carlo , Lopez Ignazio Diego , Lauria Giuseppe , Feltri Maria Laura , Bolino Alessandra , Comi Giancarlo , Wrabetz Lawrence , Quattrini Angelo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNumerous transgenic and knockout mouse models of human hereditary neuropathies have become available over the past decade. We describe a simple, reproducible, and safe biopsy of mouse skin for histopathological evaluation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in models of hereditary neuropathies. We compared the diagnostic outcome between sciatic nerve and dermal nerves found in skin biopsy (SB) from the hind foot. A total of five animal models of different Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth neuropathies, and one model of congenital muscular dystrophy associated neuropathy were examined. In wild type mice, dermal nerve fibers were readily identified by immunohistochemistry, light, and electron microscopy and they appeared similar to myelinated fibers in sciatic nerve. In mutant mice, SB manifested myelin abnormalities similar to those observed in sciatic nerves, including hypomyelination, onion bulbs, myelin outfolding, redundant loops, and tomacula. In many strains, however, SB showed additional abnormalities—fiber loss, dense neurofilament packing with lower phosphorylation status, and axonal degeneration—undetected in sciatic nerve, possibly because SB samples distal nerves. SB, a reliable technique to investigate peripheral neuropathies in human beings, is also useful to investigate animal models of hereditary neuropathies. Our data indicate that SB may reveal distal axonal pathology in mouse models and permits sequential follow‐up of the neuropathy in an individual mouse, thereby reducing the number of mice necessary to document pathology of the PNS. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.