bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of relapse in drug-treated Graves' disease using thyroid stimulation indices
Authors: Ikenoue Hiroshi , Okamura Ken , Sato Kaori , Kuroda Takeo , Yoshinari Mototaka , Tokuyama Takashi , Nakagawa Mizuho , Fujishima Masatoshi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Thyroid stimulation indices such as high thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake, increased estimated thyroid weight, presence of TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin or thyroid-stimulating antibody, and elevated serum thyroglobulin level, were evaluated in 148 patients with Graves' disease who had been treated with antithyroid drugs for two years or more before the drugs were withdrawn. In all 19 patients in whom three or more indices were positive, early relapse, within 12 months, occurred after reducing the dosage of antithyroid drugs. Other 129 patients were followed after the drug was withdrawn and in 77 patients with one or two positive indices, early relapse occurred in 65-71% and late relapse, after 12 months or later, occurred in 2-11%. In 52 patients in whom none of the indices were positive, 86% remained in remission, but 10% developed an early relapse, and 4% a late relapse. We conclude that a combined analysis of thyroid stimulation indices is useful in predicting relapse in Graves' disease whereas it remains difficult to predict permanent remission.
Course of thyroid iodine concentration during treatment of endemic goitre with iodine and a combination of iodine and levothyroxine
Authors: Saller Bernhard , Hoermann Rudolf , Ritter Michael M. , Morell Roland , Kreisig Torsten , Mann Klaus 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
In the treatment of endemic goitre, the concept of giving levothyroxine in combination with iodine offers a promising therapeutic approach by influencing not only TSH secretion but also intrathyroidal iodine content. However, little is known about the doses of iodine necessary to correct intrathyroidal iodine deficiency. To get more information on this important issue, we conducted a prospective, double-blind study on the effect of a monotherapy with 500 μg iodide/day and a combined treatment with 100 μg levothyroxine and 100 μg iodide/day on thyroid iodine concentration as measured by fluorescence scintigraphy. In a group of 12 patients, a 4-month treatment with 100 μg levothyroxine and 100 μg iodide/day did not significantly affect thyroid iodine concentration (0.35±0.14 vs 0.37±0.11 mg/g). The application of 500 μg iodide/day in these patients during a second 4-month period resulted in a sharp increase in thyroid iodine concentration from 0.37±0.11 to 0.61±0.14 mg/g (p<0.01). Another group of 8 patients first treated with 500 μg iodide/day also showed a significant increase in iodine concentration from 0.35±0.14 to 0.65±0.20 mg/g (p<0.01). After switching to the combination regimen during a second 4-month period, thyroid iodine concentration slightly decreased, particularly in those patients with high iodine concentrations after monotherapy with iodide (0.65±0.20 vs 0.50±0.12 mg/g, p<0.05). In conclusion, treatment with 500 μg iodide/day could sharply increase thyroid iodine concentration in patients with endemic goitre. In contrast, a combination of 100 μg levothyroxine and 100 μg iodide/day had no significant effect on thyroid iodine concentration.
Amiodarone and thyroid hormone metabolism in the rat heart
Authors: Gøtzsche Liv S. Bjørn-Hansen , Boye Niels 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The effect of amiodarone on thyroid hormone metabolism in heart, muscle, liver and kidney was investigated. Rats were treated ip with a high (100 mg · kg−1 · day−1) or a low (50 mg · kg−1 · day−1) dose of amiodarone for 10 days. Serum T3 was dose-dependently depressed (mean 30 and 54% of controls, respectively, p<0.01). rT3 was elevated (to 663 and 313% of controls, p<0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Serum T4 was depressed only in the high-dose group (to mean 80%, p<0.05). Tissue concentrations of T3 in the heart and muscle from treated animals did not differ from controls, whereas liver and kidney T3 contents were markedly reduced in both groups (p<0.05). Heart T4 and rT3 were elevated to about 200% of controls (p<0.01 and 0.05, respectively). The same pattern was observed in the other tissues. Iodothyronine-5'-monodeiodinase activity was significantly depressed in all tissues; heart: 32 and 28% of controls (p<0.05); muscle: 36 and 49% (p<0.01); liver: 11 and 13% (p<0.01); kidney: 22 and 28% (p<0.01), respectively. In conclusion, amiodarone depresses iodothyronine-5'-monodeiodinase activity in the heart, muscle, liver and kidney in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in lowered T3 concentrations in the liver and kidney, whereas no reduction of tissue T3 content is observed in the heart and muscle. This may indicate that T3 from plasma may cross the cardiac sarcolemma without hindrance.
Adrenergic mediation of the naloxone-induced GnRH release from hypothalami of ovariectomized, steroid-treated immature rats
Authors: Kim K. , Lee B. J. , Lee C. C. , Cho W. K. , Ramirez V. D. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The present study examines the effect of naloxone on GnRH release in vitro under different steroid milieus. Naloxone (6.1 μmol/kg) administered 30 min before decapitation was highly effective in evoking GnRH release from superfused hypothalamic tissues derived from ovariectomized, estradiol- and progesteronetreated immature rats, while ineffective in altering GnRH release from intact, ovariectomized and vehicle- or estradiol-treated rats. To further explore the possible involvement of catecholamines in the naloxone-stimulated GnRH release, diethyldithiocarbamic acid (2.9 mmol/kg), an inhibitor of noradrenalin synthesis, was administered ip 30 min before naloxone injection into ovariectomized, estradiol- and progesterone-treated rats. Diethyldithiocarbamic acid markedly reduced the naloxone-evoked GnRH release, although it was ineffective in modifying the spontaneous release of GnRH. A blockade of α-adrenergic receptor with phenoxybenzamine significantly suppressed the naloxone-stimulated GnRH release, whereas treatment with propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor blocker, failed to alter GnRH release. The present data suggest that the endogenous opioid peptide may participate in the regulation of GnRH release under a particular steroid milieu, and the inhibitory action of endogenous opioid peptide seems to require the mediation of adrenergic neurotransmission, presumably through α-adrenergic receptor.
CD4+CD45RA+ cells (suppressor-inducer T cells) in thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease
Authors: Kawakami A. , Eguchi K. , Matsunaga M. , Tezuka H. , Ueki Y. , Shimomura C. , Otsubo T. , Nakao H. , Migita K. , Ishikawa N. , Ito K. , Nagataki S. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Previously, we used dual immunofluorescent analysis and showed that the thyroid gland from patients with Graves' disease had a reduced number of CD4+CD45RA+ cells, but an increased number of complementary CD4+CDw29+ cells. An immunohistochemical study, however, produced opposite results; interstitial lymphocytes predominantly expressed the CD45RA+ rather than the CDw29+ phenotype. Because the difference in findings may be due to differences in the techniques used, we did the following experiments: Mononuclear cells were treated with various amounts of collagenase (50-1000 mg/l) which had no effect on the cell surface antigens CD3, CD4 and CD45RA. A dual immunofluoresent study showed that the numbers of CD4+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD45RA+ cell population among CD45RA+ cell population were markedly decreased in the thyroid tissue, and that the CD45RA antigen on the intrathyroidal mononuclear cells was mainly expressed on the CD20+ cells. As the thyroid section had been fixed with acetone before immunohistochemical staining, CD45RA− cells were treated with acetone and stained with anti-CD45RA monoclonal antibody using an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. The results of this experiment suggest that there are cell surface molecules which react with anti-CD45RA monoclonal antibody after treatment with acetone in CD45RA− cells. The above findings confirm our previous results which showed that the thyroid glands of patients with Graves' disease have decreased numbers of suppressor-inducer T cells. Also, several problems exist in the detection of CD45RA+ cells when using an immunohistochemical method.
Regulation of atrial natriuretic hormone production by triiodothyronine in cultured rat atrial myocytes
Authors: Mori Yasukiyo , Nishikawa Mitsushige , Matsubara Hiroaki , Toyoda Nagaoki , Masaki Hiroya , Yonemoto Toshinaga , Takagi Tomoyuki , Inada Mitsuo 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Since thyroid hormones have been reported to increase the synthesis of rat atrial natriuretic hormone and its mRNA accumulation, we further investigated the mechanism of stimulation of rANH synthesis by T3 using cultured rat atrial myocytes. T3 (10−9-10−7 mol/l) increased cellular content and secretion into the medium of immunoreactive rANH in a dose-dependent manner. However, the ratio of secreted/cellular rANH was not altered by the addition of T3. Furthermore, in both cellular and secreted rANH, the larger molecular form (γ-rANH) apparently predominated over the smaller one (α-rANH), and this profile was not influenced by T3 (10−7 mol/l). Although T3 (10−9-10−7 mol/l) also increased cellular rANH mRNA accumulation, the ratio of cellular rANH/rANH mRNA was not changed. Moreover, using actinomycin D, we found that T3 (10−7 mol/l) did not affect the degradation of rANH mRNA. From these findings, we suggest that T3 has no specific effects on the translational and posttranslational processes and the release of rANH, but that T3 stimulates rANH synthesis in the pretranslational levels, probably in the transcriptional level of rANH gene.
A null cell adenoma of the pituitary detected seven years after removal of a prolactinoma. Recurrence or de novo tumourigenesis?
Authors: Watanobe Hajime , Kudo Kenji , Okushima Toshimi , Fukita Yohshoh , Takebe Kazuo 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
We report an extremely unusual case of prolactinoma which emerged at recurrence as a null cell adenoma. A 53-year-old woman sought medical attention for progressive visual loss and headache. A pituitary tumour was detected by a computed tomographic scan, and hyperprolactinemia was noted. The tumour, removed by a transfrontal surgery, was a chromophobe adenoma, and immunohistochemically the adenoma cells were selectively positive for PRL, which indicated a prolactinoma. Postoperatively, her plasma PRL level was normalized. Seven years later, she noted blurred vision and again sought medical attention. A CT scan demonstrated recurrence of a pituitary tumour. On this occasion, however, she was not hyperprolactinemic. She underwent again a transfrontal resection of the pituitary tumour. Its histology was again a chromophobe adenoma, but the adenoma cells showed no positive immunostaining for any anterior pituitary hormone including PRL, which indicated a null cell adenoma. We have no clear explanation of the pathogenesis underlying her very unusual course. However, null cells (assuming that the original tumour was a mixed adenoma) left behind at the first surgery, or unidentified hypothalamic and/or pituitary derangements might possibly have been responsible for the recurrence. We learned from this patient that recurrent pituitary adenomas may not necessarily have the same endocrine features as did the original tumours. This information appears to make a valid clinical point, because if hormone levels alone are followed after pituitary surgery, recurrent pituitary tumours may be overlooked.
Effects of tibolone on serum concentrations of lipoprotein(a) in postmenopausal women
Authors: Rymer Janice , Crook David , Sidhu Mandeep , Chapman Michael , Stevenson John C 
Published: June 2009

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of tibolone (Org OD14), a synthetic steroid used for the relief of postmenopausal symptoms, on serum concentrations of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), an independent risk marker for coronary heart disease. Design: Subset of women participating in a non-randomized prospective trial of tibolone therapy. Twenty-seven women requesting relief of menopausal symptoms were treated with tibolone 2.5 mg/day for six months; 27 women who did not request treatment acted as controls. Results: Tibolone induced a substantial fall (p<0.001) in serum Lp(a) levels (median change −48%, range −100% to +3%). Conclusions: In terms of cardiovascular risk, the ability of tibolone to lower serum concentrations of Lp(a) may be advantageous in view of the unwanted reduction in high density lipoprotein concentrations which has previously been demonstrated in users of this steroid.
Pituitary-gonadal function in neonatal and adult female rats treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist: short- and long-term effects
Authors: Trimiño E , Pinilla L , Aguilar E 
Published: June 2009

We have analyzed the mechanisms involved in ovarian failure after administration of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-A) or antagonists (GnRH-ANT). Ovarian and uterine weights, serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol and pituitary FSH and LH contents were measured in Wistar female rats injected from 1–15 or 90–104 days of age with the agonist d-Ala6-d-Gly10-GnRH or the GnRH-ANT Org. 30276. Vaginal opening, first estrous presentation, vaginal smears and reproductive capacity were also analyzed. In both neonatal and adult females GnRH-A induced pituitary desensitization and reduced ovarian and uterine weights and estradiol serum concentrations. Therefore, serum gonadotropin concentrations were increased in adults and decreased in neonatal females. Puberty occurrence and reproductive function remain unaltered after neonatal treatment with GnRH-A. In neonatal females, FSH and LH pituitary content and FSH serum concentrations decreased at the end of treatment with GnRH-ANT. The effects on LH and estradiol secretion depended on the pattern of treatment. Interestingly enough, both vaginal opening and first estrous presentation were precipitated by GnRH-ANT administration. Normal reproductive function was observed in adults. We conclude that:
(i) pituitary desensitization of receptors occurred in both neonatal and adult females after chronic administration of GnRH-A;
(ii) the ovarian failure observed in adults that is accompanied by increased serum concentrations of gonadotropins was probably due to an inhibitory effect of GnRH-A directly on the ovaries;
(iii) the blockade of GnRH action shortly after birth with GnRH-ANT precipitated the onset of puberty; possibly the antagonist blocks some suppressive effects of endogenous LHRH;
(iv) the effects of neonatal administration of GnRH-A or GnRH-ANT were transitory.
Localization of Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase in various thyroid disorders
Authors: Iwase Katsumi , Nagasaka Akio , Kato Kanefusa , Ohtani Susumu , Tsujimura Toru , Inagaki Asako , Jimbo Shin , Nakai Akira , Masunaga Rumi , Hamada Michiko , Mano Toshiki , Kotake Motoko , Miura Kaoru 
Published: June 2009

The intracellular localization of Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2−) to O2 and H2O2, was studied in the thyroid tissue of various thyroid disorders by an immunohistochemical technique. The concentrations of both SODs in those tissues were measured also by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique.
Copper/zinc-SOD in thyroid tissues were identified by immunocytochemical staining in most cases of papillary carcinoma and in some cases of other thyroid disorders. In normal follicular cells this enzyme is localized in the perinuclear cytoplasm, whereas in thyroid tumor or hyperplastic follicular cells it exists homogenously in cytoplasm. Manganese-SOD stained strongly in papillary carcinoma and papillary-growing cells in the thyroid tissue of adenoma and Graves' disease. The concentrations of Cu/Zn- and Mn-SOD in thyroid tumor tissues and hyperplastic follicular disorders were significantly higher than those in normal thyroid tissue when they were compared as a function of protein or deoxyribonucleic acid contents. The ratio of Mn-SOD to Cu/Zn-SOD was significantly higher only in papillary carcinoma, except for other thyroid disorders, as compared with that in the normal thyroid. In conclusion. SOD seems to be related to cell proliferation and differentiation in the thyroid follicular cell because Cu/Zn-SOD changes its localization in tumor and hyperplastic follicular cells and because the Mn-SOD concentration is increased in papillary carcinoma or papillary-growing cells.
Increased serum concentrations of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the influence of very low calorie diet
Authors: Dostálová Ivana , Roubíček Tomáš , Bártlová Markéta , Mráz Miloš , Lacinová Zdena , Haluzíková Denisa , Kaválková Petra , Matoulek Martin , Kasalický Mojmír , Haluzík Martin 
Published: June 2009

ObjectiveMacrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a novel regulator of energy homeostasis. We explored whether alterations in MIC-1 levels contribute to metabolic disturbances in patients with obesity and/or obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).DesignWe measured serum MIC-1 levels and its mRNA expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of 17 obese nondiabetic women, 14 obese women with T2DM and 23 healthy lean women. We also explored the relationship of MIC-1 with anthropometric and biochemical parameters and studied the influence of 2-week very low calorie diet (VLCD) on serum MIC-1 levels.MethodsSerum MIC-1 levels were measured by ELISA and its mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR.ResultsBoth obese and T2DM group had significantly elevated serum MIC-1 levels relative to controls. T2DM group had significantly higher serum MIC-1 levels relative to obese group. Serum MIC-1 positively correlated with body weight, body fat, and serum levels of triglycerides, glucose, HbAlc, and C-reactive protein and it was inversely related to serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Fat mRNA MIC-1 expression did not significantly differ between lean and obese women but it was significantly higher in subcutaneous than in visceral fat in both groups. VLCD significantly increased serum MIC-1 levels in obese but not T2DM group.ConclusionElevated MIC-1 levels in patients with obesity are further increased by the presence of T2DM. We suggest that in contrast to patients with cancer cachexia, increased MIC-1 levels in obese patients and diabetic patients do not induce weight loss.
Rapid Pressure Waves Trough Gas-Liquid Flow in Wells and Pipelines
Authors: Falk Kristin 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A new computer model named MultiPress can predict rapid pressure transients in multiphase pipelines and wells. The model shows that pressure pulses behave similar in horizontal multiphase flow as in single-phase flow. In vertical wells there are strong non-linear effects because gas content, density and speed of sound vary down into the well.
Determination of Reservoir Fluid Properties from Samples Contaminated with Oil-Based Mud Filtrate
Authors: Gozalpour F. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Drilling with oil-based mud has gained world-wide application. Despite many benefits of using oil-based drilling muds, they may contaminate reservoir fluid samples, as their filtrates are completely miscible with the formation hydrocarbons. Obtaining reservoir fluid samples is expensive and accurate reservoir fluid properties are needed in reservoir development, it is desirable therefore to be able to determine the accurate composition and phase behaviour of the reservoir fluid from contaminated samples.
In this study different types of real reservoir fluid samples (volatile oil and gas condensate) were deliberately contaminated with an oil-based drilling mud filtrate in the range of 1% to 20% on a volumetric basis and conventional PVT experiments were conducted on the original and contaminated samples. The results showed that the contamination may dramatically change the phase behaviour of reservoir fluids to the extent of changing a gas condensate to a volatile oil.
A simple and practical method has been developed to determine the original composition of the reservoir fluid from contaminated samples. The method is general and it can be applied to different types of reservoir fluids, and highly contaminated samples. The measured PVT data of the contaminated sample is used to develop the phase behaviour model and is applied to predict the properties of the original reservoir fluid. The proposed method in most cases provides data within an acceptable accuracy.
Influence of Cemented Sub-Seismic Faults on Porosity and Permeability in Porous Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Ogilvie S. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Sub-seismic scale faults and fractures have considerable negative impact on production from hydrocarbon reservoirs. These structures may have only a few centimeters offset and width, but have considerable lateral continuity and the potential to significantly compartmentalise a reservoir. Porosity and permeability have been mapped across examples of small faults in highly porous reservoir sandstones, showing significant decreases in porosity related to both cementation and grain comminution. In uncemented fractures, the gouge material was found to have a modal grain size approximately half of that for the host rock. This represents the degree of comminution required before the fragmented grains increase the internal friction of the fault sufficiently to lock it up. A stochastic fragmentation model is presented which generates gouge particle size distributions from the particle size distribution of the parent material. Initial results from this modelling show that the particle size distribution of the gouge can be accurately predicted. Permeability plots generated using unsteady state profile permeametry show fine permeability structure within the fault zones that is related to grain cataclasis and cementation, with permeability reduced by up to three orders of magnitude. Clearly, fractures with such low permeabilties have the potential for significantly affecting fluid flow, and contribute to degrading the quality of the reservoir. Complexities such as permeability differences across sub-seismic faults are often overlooked when applying reservoir simulation techniques.