bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of diagnostic specificity in the neural correlates of facial affect processing in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of functional imaging studies
Authors: Delvecchio G. , Sugranyes G. , Frangou S. 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundSchizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) may overlap in etiology and phenomenology but differ with regard to emotional processing. We used facial affect as a probe for emotional processing to determine whether there are diagnosis-related differences between SZ and BD in the function of the underlying neural circuitry.MethodFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies published up to 30 April 2012 investigating facial affect processing in patients with SZ or BD were identified through computerized and manual literature searches. Activation foci from 29 studies encompassing 483 healthy individuals, 268 patients with SZ and 267 patients with BD were subjected to voxel-based quantitative meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation (ALE).ResultsCompared to healthy individuals, when emotional facial stimuli were contrasted to neutral stimuli, patients with BD showed overactivation within the parahippocampus/amygdala and thalamus and reduced engagement within the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) whereas patients with SZ showed underactivation throughout the entire facial affect processing network and increased activation in visual processing regions within the cuneus. Patients with BD showed greater thalamic engagement compared to patients with SZ; in the reverse comparison, patients with SZ showed greater engagement in posterior associative visual cortices.ConclusionsDuring facial affect processing, patients with BD show overactivation in subcortical regions and underactivation in prefrontal regions of the facial affect processing network, consistent with the notion of reduced emotional regulation. By contrast, overactivation within visual processing regions coupled with reduced engagement of facial affect processing regions points to abnormal visual integration as the core underlying deficit in SZ.
A local ergodic theorem for non-uniformly hyperbolic symplectic maps with singularities
Authors: DEL MAGNO GIANLUIGI , MARKARIAN ROBERTO 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a criterion for the local ergodicity of non-uniformly hyperbolic symplectic maps with singularities. Our result is an extension of a theorem of Liverani and Wojtkowski.
Language Outcomes of Contextualized and Decontextualized Language Intervention: Results of an Early Efficacy Study
Authors: Gillam Sandra Laing , Gillam Ronald B. , Reece Kellie 
Published: July 2012

Purpose
The purpose of this early efficacy study (Fey & Finestack, 2009) was to determine whether a new contextualized language intervention (CLI) or an existing decontextualized language intervention (DLI) resulted in greater changes in children’s language and narration in comparison to a no-treatment condition (CON).

Method
Sixteen children between the ages of 6;0 (years;months) and 9;0 were randomly assigned to the CLI and DLI groups. Eight similar-age children from the no-treatment phase of a separate study acted as a control group. Children in the CLI and DLI conditions received 50-min group intervention sessions 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Sentence-and discourse-level measures were administered to assess intervention outcomes.

Results
Both interventions were associated with statistically significant gains on sentence- and discourse-level measures when compared to a no-treatment condition. Effect size analyses demonstrated that the CLI group outperformed the DLI group on all outcome measures.

Conclusion
The results revealed signs of efficacy in an intervention approach in which clinicians treated multiple linguistic targets using meaningful activities with high levels of topic continuity. With some minor revisions, this intervention should be ready to be tested in a larger, more costly, and more internally valid efficacy study.
Communication: Multistate quantum dynamics of photodissociation of carbon dioxide between 120 nm and 160 nm
Authors: Grebenshchikov Sergy Yu. 
Published: July 2012

UV absorption cross section of CO2 is studied using high level ab initio quantum chemistry for electrons and iterative quantum dynamics for nuclear motion on interacting global full dimensional potential energy surfaces. Six electronic states—1, 2, 31A′ and 1, 2, 31A″—are considered. At linearity, they correspond to the ground electronic state \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\tilde{X}\sideset{^1}{_{g}^{+}}{\Sigma}$\end{document}X̃Σg+1 and the optically forbidden but vibronically allowed valence states 11Δu, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$1\sideset{^1}{_{u}^{-}}{\Sigma}$\end{document}1Σu−1, and 11Πg. In the Franck–Condon region, these states interact via Renner–Teller and conical intersections and are simultaneously involved in an intricate network of non-adiabatic couplings. The absorption spectrum, calculated for many rotational states, reproduces the distinct two-band shape of the experimental spectrum measured at 190 K and the characteristic patterns of the diffuse structures in each band. Quantum dynamics unravel the relative importance of different vibronic mechanisms, while metastable resonance states, underlying the diffuse structures, provide dynamically based vibronic assignments of individual lines.
Factors contributing to false‐negative and potential false‐negative cytology reports in SurePath™ liquid‐based cervical cytology
Authors: Gupta N. , John D. , Dudding N. , Crossley J. , Smith J. H. F. 
Published: July 2012

N. Gupta, D. John, N. Dudding, J. Crossley and J. H. F. Smith  Factors contributing to false‐negative and potential false‐negative cytology reports in SurePath™liquid‐based cervical cytologyObjectives:  The characteristics of false‐negative conventional cervical cytology smears have been well documented, but there is limited literature available for liquid‐based cytology (LBC), especially SurePath™ samples. We aimed to assess the characteristics of false‐negative SurePath LBC samples.Methods:  Over a period of 5 years, an audit of false‐negative reports in SurePath cervical cytology was undertaken. In a workload of 183, 112 samples, 481 (0.3%) false negatives were identified using two routes: those detected by routine laboratory internal quality control (rapid pre‐screening) (n = 463) and those reported as normal (true false negatives) with concurrent high‐grade cervical histology (n = 18). Ninety‐five false‐negative cases with a subsequent biopsy reported as at least cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2+) were reviewed for a number of different cytomorphological features.Results:  Of 95 samples with subsequent CIN2+, 30.5% predominately contained microbiopsies/hyperchromatic crowded cell groups (HCGs), 27.3% sparse dyskarytotic cells, 4.2% pale cell dyskaryosis, 6.3% small dyskaryotic cells; 3.2% were misinterpreted cells, 8.4% contained other distracting cells, 7.4% were low contrast, 5.3% were unexplained and 7.4% were true negatives. The mean number of microbiopsies/HCGs in that category was 4.6. The mean number of abnormal cells in the sparse dyskaryotic cell category was 13.8.Conclusions:  Microbiopsies/HCGs were the commonest reason for false negatives. They were usually present in sufficient numbers to be detected but interpretation could be problematic. Dispersed single abnormal cells were usually not identified because of their scarcity or the presence of distracters.
Pathogenicity of exopolysaccharide‐producing Actinomyces oris isolated from an apical abscess lesion
Authors: Yamane K. , Nambu T. , Yamanaka T. , Ishihara K. , Tatami T. , Mashimo C. , Walker C. B. , Leung K.‐P. , Fukushima H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo demonstrate a capacity for producing exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and an ability to form biofilm on abiotic materials of Actinomyces oris strain K20.MethodologyThe productivity of EPSs and the ability to form biofilm of strain K20 were evaluated by measuring viscosity of spent culture media and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the biofilm assay on microtitre plates, respectively. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the chemical composition of the viscous materials. To examine the role of the viscous materials attributable to the pathogenicity in this organism, the ability of strain K20 to induce abscess formation was compared in mice to that of ATCC 27044.ResultsThe viscosity of the spent culture media of K20 was significantly higher than that of ATCC 27044. Strain K20 showed dense meshwork structures around the cells and formed biofilms on microtitre plates, whereas ATCC 27044 did not. Chemical analysis of the viscous materials revealed that they were mainly composed of neutral sugars with mannose constituting 77.5% of the polysaccharides. Strain K20 induced persistent abscesses in mice lasting at least 5 days at a concentration of 108 cells mL−1, whereas abscesses induced by ATCC 27044 healed and disappeared or decreased in size at day 5.ConclusionsStrain K20 produced EPSs, mainly consisting of mannose, and formed biofilms. This phenotype might play an important role for A. oris to express virulence through the progression of apical periodontitis.
Niobium pentoxide as a new filler for methacrylate‐based root canal sealers
Authors: Leitune V. C. B. , Takimi A. , Collares F. M. , Santos P. D. , Provenzi C. , Bergmann C. P. , Samuel S. M. W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of several niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) concentrations on the radio‐opacity, flow, film thickness, microhardness and degree of conversion of an experimental root canal sealer.MethodologyAn experimental dual‐cured root canal sealer was produced with a methacrylate‐based comonomer blend. Nb2O5 was added at four different concentrations: 0, 80, 100 and 120 wt%. Radio‐opacity was evaluated according to ISO 6876 using a digital system (n = 5). Flow and film thickness were determined in accordance with ISO 6876 (n = 3). Microhardness was evaluated with 50 g for 15 s (n = 5). Degree of conversion was evaluated with FTIR immediately after photocuring and after 1, 7 and 14 days. The data were analysed using anova and Tukey's test. The degree of conversion over time was evaluated using RM‐anova (α = 0.05).ResultsThe groups with 80 wt% and 100 wt% of filler showed no significant difference in radio‐opacity from that of equivalent 2 mmAl (P > 0.05). The addition of 120 wt% resulted in radio‐opacity values higher than 2 mmAl (P < 0.05). The flow was not significantly different amongst the different groups (P > 0.05). All groups had a film thickness of <50 μm (ISO 6876). All groups with Nb2O5 were associated with higher values of microhardness than the control group. The group with 0 wt% was associated with a higher degree of conversion at all times. All groups except those with 80 wt% had higher values for degree of conversion after 14 days than immediately after photocuring.ConclusionThe addition of Nb2O5 increases radio‐opacity and microhardness; this material may be a promising filler for the production of a new endodontic sealer.
Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide mediated cold‐ and dehydration‐induced myo‐inositol phosphate synthase that confers multiple resistances to abiotic stresses
Authors: TAN JIALI , WANG CONGYING , XIANG BIN , HAN RUIHONG , GUO ZHENFEI 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTmyo‐Inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS) is the key enzyme of myo‐inositol synthesis, which is a central molecule required for cell metabolism and plant growth as a precursor to a large variety of compounds. A full‐length fragment of MfMIPS1 cDNA was cloned from Medicago falcata that is more cold‐tolerant than Medicago sativa. While MfMIPS1 transcript was induced in response to cold, dehydration and salt stress, MIPS transcript and myo‐inositol were maintained longer and at a higher level in M. falcata than in M. sativa during cold acclimation at 5 °C. MfMIPS1 transcript was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO), but was not responsive to abscisic acid (ABA). Pharmacological experiments revealed that H2O2 and NO are involved in the regulation of MfMIPS1 expression by cold and dehydration, but not by salt. Overexpression of MfMIPS1 in tobacco increased the MIPS activity and levels of myo‐inositol, galactinol and raffinose, resulting in enhanced resistance to chilling, drought and salt stresses in transgenic tobacco plants. It is suggested that MfMIPS1 is induced by diverse environmental factors and confers resistance to various abiotic stresses.
Inadequacy of cardiovascular risk factor management in chronic kidney transplantation – evidence from the FAVORIT study
Authors: Carpenter Myra A. , Weir Matthew R. , Adey Deborah B. , House Andrew A. , Bostom Andrew G. , Kusek John W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our objective is to describe the prevalence of CVD risk factors applying standard criteria and use of CVD risk factor–lowering medications in contemporary KTRs.MethodsThe Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation study enrolled and collected medication data on 4107 KTRs with elevated homocysteine and stable graft function an average of five yr post‐transplant.ResultsCVD risk factors were common (hypertension or use of blood pressure (BP) lowering medication in 92%, borderline or elevated low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) or use of lipid‐lowering agent in 66%, history of diabetes mellitus in 41%, and obesity in 38%); prevalent CVD was reported in 20% of study participants. National Kidney Foundation BP guidelines (BP <130/80 mmHg) were not met by 69% of participants. Uncontrolled hypertension (BP of 140/90 mmHg or higher) was present in 44% of those taking antihypertension medication; 18% of participants had borderline or elevated LDL, of which 60% were untreated, and 31% of the participants with prevalent CVD were not using an antiplatelet agent.ConclusionThere is opportunity to improve treatment and control of traditional CVD risk factors in kidney transplant recipients.
The yield of temporary exclusion of blood donors, exposed to emerging infections abroad
Authors: Lieshout‐Krikke R. W. , Zaaijer H. L. , Prinsze F. J. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Objectives  Emerging infections abroad pose a threat to the safety of blood, donated by travelling blood donors. In this study, the yield of donor deferral after travelling was evaluated, by comparing the estimated numbers of infected donors returning from various affected areas.Methods  A deterministic model was applied to calculate the number of infected donors, returning from six areas affected by outbreaks: Greece – Macedonia (West Nile fever), Italy – Emilia Romagna (West Nile fever), Thailand (chikungunya), Latvia (hepatitis A), central Turkey (Sicilian sandfly fever) and Italy – Tuscany (Toscana sandfly fever).Results  The estimated number of infections among returning blood donors was surprisingly low, ranging from 0·32 West Nile virus‐infected donors per year returning from Macedonia (Greece) to approximately 0·005 infected donors per year returning respectively from Tuscany (sandfly fever), Latvia (hepatitis A) and central Turkey (sandfly fever).Conclusion  The yield of the temporary exclusion of blood donors travelling to a specific, affected area is low, but the continuous monitoring of emerging infections and the timely assessment of new threats are laborious and imperfect. Safety measures may be instituted after the greatest threat of a new outbreak has passed. A general deferral of travelling donors may be more appropriate than targeted measures. It can be argued that all donors who stayed outside their country or continent of residency should be deferred for 4 weeks.
Provisioning habitat with custom‐designed nest‐boxes increases reproductive success in an endangered finch
Authors: BRAZILL‐BOAST JAMES , PRYKE SARAH R. , GRIFFITH SIMON C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractManipulating resource availability to assess the strength and effects of resource limitation on an animal population is relatively straightforward, and thus, common in the scientific literature. Resource quality, however, is rarely manipulated, as this requiresa prioriknowledge of a relationship between some measurable variation in the resource and individual preference and/or fitness. Recent research on nest‐site selection was used to inform the design of custom‐built nest‐boxes for an endangered hollow‐nester, the Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae). By provisioning breeding populations with these ‘high quality’ artificial nest sites over 3 years, we experimentally investigated the strength and effects of nest‐site limitation in this species. Breeding pairs using nest‐boxes initiated nesting earlier, produced larger clutches and fledged more offspring per season than those in natural hollows. Total and mean reproductive output also increased in nest‐box provisioned sites over the duration of the study. All of these effects were predominantly driven by pairs initiating clutches earlier, potentially because of the reduced intra‐ and interspecific competition for nest sites at optimal breeding times. Our findings suggest that reproduction in wild Gouldian finch populations may be limited by the availability of high quality nest sites in the landscape, and that nest‐boxes could be used as a tool for enhancing reproduction in recovering populations. Furthermore, we conclude that resource quality is equally, if not more important than quantity when supplementing resource‐limited habitats.
TRUST AND TESTIMONY
Authors: NICKEL PHILIP J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSome recent accounts of testimonial warrant base it on trust, and claim that doing so helps explain asymmetries between the intended recipient of testimony and other non‐intended hearers, e.g. differences in their entitlement to challenge the speaker or to rebuke the speaker for lying. In this explanation ‘dependence‐responsiveness’ is invoked as an essential feature of trust: the trustor believes the trustee to be motivationally responsive to the fact that the trustor is relying on the trustee. I argue that dependence‐responsiveness is not essential to trust and that the asymmetries, where genuine, can be better explained without reference to trust.
DOING WITHOUT EMOTIONS
Authors: PRICE CAROLYN 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article considers a central question in the philosophy of emotion: what is an (instance of) emotion? This is a highly controversial question, which has attracted numerous answers. I argue that a good answer to this question may prove very hard to find. The difficulty, I suggest, can be traced back to three features of emotional phenomena: their diversity, their complexity and their coherence. I end by suggesting that we should not be disturbed by this result, as we do not need to know what an instance of emotion is in order to investigate the topic of emotion.
BLAMEWORTHINESS WITHOUT WRONGDOING
Authors: CAPES JUSTIN A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this article I argue that it is possible to be blameworthy for doing something that was not objectively morally wrong. If I am right, this would have implications for several debates at the intersection of metaphysics and moral philosophy. I also float a view about which actions can serve as legitimate bases for blame that allows for the possibility of blameworthiness without objective wrongdoing and also suggests an explanation for the appeal of the commonly held view that blameworthiness requires objective wrongdoing.
Effect of Doping on the Thermal Expansion of β‐Eucryptite Prepared by Sol–Gel Methods
Authors: Ramalingam Subramanian , Reimanis Ivar E. 
Published: July 2012

The thermal expansion behavior of pure β‐eucryptite and Zn‐doped β‐eucryptite (substituting Zn for Li), prepared using sol–gel methods and hot pressing, were investigated. β‐eucryptite exhibits an anisotropic negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which leads to microcrack formation in sintered polycrystalline samples. This is manifested by the presence of a hysteresis in the thermal expansion curves. The hysteresis disappears when a small amount of Zn (0.5–3 mol% Zn) is present. Furthermore, the bulk CTE increases significantly in magnitude (from −4 × 10−6/°C for pure β‐eucryptite to 1 × 10−6/°C to 2 × 10−6/°C), and is slightly positive in the range from 25°C to 1000°C. No difference in grain size was observed between the pure and doped samples, and all the ceramics exhibited high relative densities. It is likely that Zn substitutes for Li in the β‐eucryptite structure and reduces the c‐axis thermal expansion, thereby lowering the CTE anisotropy and lowering the tendency for microcracking.
Myrmecia wart inclusions as an incidental histopathologic finding
Authors: Wititsuwannakul Jade , Ko Christine J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundLatent infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) has been described for genital (mucosal) and epidermodysplasia verruciformis subtypes. Only rarely has cutaneotropic, non‐oncogenic HPV been found by polymerase chain reaction studies in normal skin.MethodsWe noted myrmecia wart inclusions as an incidental histopathologic finding in four specimens from diverse sites (eyebrow, scalp, forehead, leg). The final diagnoses for these four cases were intradermal nevus, scarring alopecia, benign keratosis and stasis dermatitis. Anti‐HPV antibody staining was performed in all cases. This antibody detects HPV‐1,6,11,16,18 and 31 in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue.ResultsThe foci of myrmecia wart inclusions were characterized by smooth to angular cytoplasmic inclusions in the granular layer, spanning one to three rete. The inclusions stained with an anti‐HPV antibody in three specimens.ConclusionsThis finding of incidental myrmecia wart inclusions in skin biopsies supports latent infection by cutaneotropic, non‐carcinogenic HPV.
Depression in rural women: Implications for nurse practitioners in primary care settings
Authors: Groh Carla J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was threefold: (a) to determine what percent of rural women self‐report as currently depressed when asked; (b) to explore the congruence between self‐report of depression and Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale (CES‐D) score; and (c) to identify factors associated with congruence between self‐report of depression and CES‐D score.Data sourceSelf‐report data were collected from 140 women who lived in a rural community in the Midwest. The convenience sample was recruited at a Federally Qualified Health Center.ConclusionsThe percent of rural women who self‐reported as currently depressed was 36.4%. Congruence between self‐report of depression and CES‐D score was 76.8%, indicating the majority of women were able to identify if they were depressed or not. Women in the incongruent group were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes, reported more headaches, and received treatment for depression in the past.Implications for practiceDependence on primary care providers to identify and treat depression is the current standard of care for the vast majority of rural women. As more advanced practice registered nurses work in rural areas, they need to be cognizant of the high rates of depression in women and the most effective strategies for identifying and treating.