bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing midwife‐led and doctor‐led maternity care: a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Sutcliffe Katy , Caird Jenny , Kavanagh Josephine , Rees Rebecca , Oliver Kathryn , Dickson Kelly , Woodman Jenny , Barnett‐Paige Elaine , Thomas James 
Published: April 2012

sutcliffe k., caird j., kavanagh j., rees r., oliver k., dickson k., woodman j., barnett‐paIge e. & thomas j. (2012) Comparing midwife‐led and doctor‐led maternity care: a systematic review of reviews. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2376–2386.AbstractAims.  A report of a systematic review of reviews which examines the impact of having midwives‐led maternity care for low‐risk women, rather than physicians.Background.  A rising birth rate, increasing complexity of births, and economic constraints pose difficulties for maternity services in the UK. Evidence about the most effective, cost‐effective, and efficient ways to give maternity services is needed.Data sources.  Searches were carried out in August–September 2009 of ten electronic databases, 16 key nursing and research websites, and reference lists of 56 relevant reviews. We also contacted 38 experts for information. No date restrictions were employed.Review methods.  A narrative review of systematic reviews or ‘meta review’ was conducted using transparent and systematic procedures to limit bias at all stages. Systematic reviews that compared midwife‐led care during pregnancy and birth with physician‐led care were eligible for inclusion.Results.  Three meta‐analytic reviews were included. Midwife‐led care for low‐risk women was found to be better for a range of maternal outcomes, reduced the number of procedures in labour, and increased satisfaction with care. For some maternal, foetal, and neonatal outcomes reviews found no evidence that care led by midwives is different to that led by physicians. No adverse outcomes associated with midwife‐led care were identified.Conclusions.  For low‐risk women, health and other benefits can result from having their maternity care led by midwives rather than physicians. Moreover, there appear to be no negative impacts on mothers and infants receiving midwife‐led care.
Anthropogenic landscape change promotes asymmetric dispersal and limits regional patch occupancy in a spatially structured bird population
Authors: Pavlacky David C. , Possingham Hugh P. , Lowe Andrew J. , Prentis Peter J. , Green David J. , Goldizen Anne W. 
Published: April 2012

Summary1. Local extinctions in habitat patches and asymmetric dispersal between patches are key processes structuring animal populations in heterogeneous environments. Effective landscape conservation requires an understanding of how habitat loss and fragmentation influence demographic processes within populations and movement between populations.2. We used patch occupancy surveys and molecular data for a rainforest bird, the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii), to determine (i) the effects of landscape change and patch structure on local extinction; (ii) the asymmetry of emigration and immigration rates; (iii) the relative influence of local and between‐population landscapes on asymmetric emigration and immigration; and (iv) the relative contributions of habitat loss and habitat fragmentation to asymmetric emigration and immigration.3. Whether or not a patch was occupied by logrunners was primarily determined by the isolation of that patch. After controlling for patch isolation, patch occupancy declined in landscapes experiencing high levels of rainforest loss over the last 100 years. Habitat loss and fragmentation over the last century was more important than the current pattern of patch isolation alone, which suggested that immigration from neighbouring patches was unable to prevent local extinction in highly modified landscapes.4. We discovered that dispersal between logrunner populations is highly asymmetric. Emigration rates were 39% lower when local landscapes were fragmented, but emigration was not limited by the structure of the between‐population landscapes. In contrast, immigration was 37% greater when local landscapes were fragmented and was lower when the between‐population landscapes were fragmented. Rainforest fragmentation influenced asymmetric dispersal to a greater extent than did rainforest loss, and a 60% reduction in mean patch area was capable of switching a population from being a net exporter to a net importer of dispersing logrunners.5. The synergistic effects of landscape change on species occurrence and asymmetric dispersal have important implications for conservation. Conservation measures that maintain large patch sizes in the landscape may promote asymmetric dispersal from intact to fragmented landscapes and allow rainforest bird populations to persist in fragmented and degraded landscapes. These sink populations could form the kernel of source populations given sufficient habitat restoration. However, the success of this rescue effect will depend on the quality of the between‐population landscapes.
British Dietetic Association evidence‐based guidelines for the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults
Authors: McKenzie Y. A. , Alder A. , Anderson W. , Wills A. , Goddard L. , Gulia P. , Jankovich E. , Mutch P. , Reeves L. B. , Singer A. , Lomer M. C. E. ,   on behalf of Gastroenterology Specialist Group of the British Dietetic Association
Published: April 2012

How to cite this article: McKenzie Y.A., Alder A., Anderson W., Wills A., Goddard L., Gulia P., Jankovich E., Mutch P., Reeves L.B., Singer A. & Lomer M.C.E. on behalf of Gastroenterology Specialist Group of the British Dietetic Association. (2012) British Dietetic Association evidence‐based practice guidelines for the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults. J Hum Nutr Diet . 25, 260–274AbstractBackground:  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic debilitating functional gastrointestinal disorder. Diet and lifestyle changes are important management strategies. The aim of these guidelines is to systematically review key aspects of the dietary management of IBS, with the aim of providing evidence‐based guidelines for use by registered dietitians.Methods:  Questions relating to diet and IBS symptom management were developed by a guideline development group. These included the role of milk and lactose, nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), fermentable carbohydrates in abdominal bloating, probiotics and empirical or elimination diets. A comprehensive literature search was conducted and relevant studies from January 1985 to November 2009 were identified using the electronic database search engines: Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. Evidence statements, recommendations, good practice points and research recommendations were developed.Results:  Thirty studies were critically appraised. A dietetic care pathway was produced following a logical sequence of treatment and formed the basis of these guidelines. Three lines of dietary management were identified. First line: Clinical and dietary assessment, healthy eating and lifestyle management with some general advice on lactose and NSP. Second line: Advanced dietary interventions to improve symptoms based on NSP, fermentable carbohydrates and probiotics. Third line: Elimination and empirical diets. Research recommendations were also identified relating to the need for adequately powered and well designed randomised controlled trials.Conclusions:  These guidelines provide evidence‐based details of how to achieve the successful dietary management of IBS.
Whole Transcriptome Analysis of the Coral Acropora millepora Reveals Complex Responses to CO2‐driven Acidification during the Initiation of Calcification
Authors: MOYA A. , HUISMAN L. , BALL E. E. , HAYWARD D. C. , GRASSO L. C. , CHUA C. M. , WOO H. N. , GATTUSO J.‐P. , FORÊT S. , MILLER D. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe impact of ocean acidification (OA) on coral calcification, a subject of intense current interest, is poorly understood in part because of the presence of symbionts in adult corals. Early life history stages of Acropora spp. provide an opportunity to study the effects of elevated CO2 on coral calcification without the complication of symbiont metabolism. Therefore, we used the Illumina RNAseq approach to study the effects of acute exposure to elevated CO2 on gene expression in primary polyps of Acropora millepora, using as reference a novel comprehensive transcriptome assembly developed for this study. Gene ontology analysis of this whole transcriptome data set indicated that CO2‐driven acidification strongly suppressed metabolism but enhanced extracellular organic matrix synthesis, whereas targeted analyses revealed complex effects on genes implicated in calcification. Unexpectedly, expression of most ion transport proteins was unaffected, while many membrane‐associated or secreted carbonic anhydrases were expressed at lower levels. The most dramatic effect of CO2‐driven acidification, however, was on genes encoding candidate and known components of the skeletal organic matrix that controls CaCO3 deposition. The skeletal organic matrix effects included elevated expression of adult‐type galaxins and some secreted acidic proteins, but down‐regulation of other galaxins, secreted acidic proteins, SCRiPs and other coral‐specific genes, suggesting specialized roles for the members of these protein families and complex impacts of OA on mineral deposition. This study is the first exhaustive exploration of the transcriptomic response of a scleractinian coral to acidification and provides an unbiased perspective on its effects during the early stages of calcification.
Large‐scale species delimitation method for hyperdiverse groups
Authors: PUILLANDRE N. , MODICA M. V. , ZHANG Y. , SIROVICH L. , BOISSELIER M.‐C. , CRUAUD C. , HOLFORD M. , SAMADI S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAccelerating the description of biodiversity is a major challenge as extinction rates increase. Integrative taxonomy combining molecular, morphological, ecological and geographical data is seen as the best route to reliably identify species. Classic molluscan taxonomic methodology proposes primary species hypotheses (PSHs) based on shell morphology. However, in hyperdiverse groups, such as the molluscan family Turridae, where most of the species remain unknown and for which homoplasy and plasticity of morphological characters is common, shell‐based PSHs can be arduous. A four‐pronged approach was employed to generate robust species hypotheses of a 1000 specimen South‐West Pacific Turridae data set in which: (i) analysis of COI DNA Barcode gene is coupled with (ii) species delimitation tools GMYC (General Mixed Yule Coalescence Method) and ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) to propose PSHs that are then (iii) visualized using Klee diagrams and (iv) evaluated with additional evidence, such as nuclear gene rRNA 28S, morphological characters, geographical and bathymetrical distribution to determine conclusive secondary species hypotheses (SSHs). The integrative taxonomy approach applied identified 87 Turridae species, more than doubling the amount previously known in the Gemmula genus. In contrast to a predominantly shell‐based morphological approach, which over the last 30 years proposed only 13 new species names for the Turridae genus Gemmula, the integrative approach described here identified 27 novel species hypotheses not linked to available species names in the literature. The formalized strategy applied here outlines an effective and reproducible protocol for large‐scale species delimitation of hyperdiverse groups.
Mechano‐transcription of COX‐2 is a common response to lumen dilation of the rat gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Lin Y.‐M. , Li F. , Shi X.‐Z. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground  In obstructive bowel disorders (OBDs) such as achalasia, pyloric stenosis, and bowel obstruction, the lumen of the affected segments is markedly dilated and the motility function is significantly impaired. We tested the hypothesis that mechanical stress in lumen dilation leads to induction of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in smooth muscle throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, contributing to motility dysfunction.Methods  Lumen dilation was induced in vivo with obstruction bands (12 × 3 mm) applied over the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the pyloric sphincter, and the ileum in rats for 48 h. Mechanical stretch in vivo was also emulated by balloon distension of the distal colon. Direct stretch of muscle strips from the esophagus, gastric fundus, and ileum was mimicked in an in vitro tissue culture system.Key Results  Partial obstruction in the LES, pylorus, and ileum significantly increased the expression of COX‐2 mRNA and protein in the muscularis externae of the dilated segment oral to the occlusions, but not in the aboral segment. Direct stretch of the lumen in vivo or of muscle strips in vitro markedly induced COX‐2 expression. The smooth muscle contractility was significantly suppressed in the balloon‐distended segments. However, treatment with COX‐2 inhibitor NS‐398 restored the contractility. Furthermore, in vivo administration of NS‐398 in gastric outlet obstruction significantly improved gastric emptying.Conclusions & Inferences  Mechanical dilation of the gut lumen by occlusion or direct distension induces gene expression of COX‐2 throughout the GI tract. Mechanical stress‐induced COX‐2 contributes to motility dysfunction in conditions with lumen dilation.
Salt‐induced chloroplast protrusion is the process of exclusion of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from chloroplasts into cytoplasm in leaves of rice
Authors: YAMANE KOJI , MITSUYA SHIRO , TANIGUCHI MITSUTAKA , MIYAKE HIROSHI 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTChloroplast protrusions (CPs) are often observed under environmental stresses, but their role has not been elucidated. The formation of CPs was observed in the leaf of rice plants treated with 75 mm NaCl for 14 d. Some CPs were almost separated from the main chloroplast body. In some CPs, inner membrane structures and crystalline inclusions were included. Similar structures surrounded by double membranes were observed in the cytoplasm and vacuole. Ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) was detected in CPs and the similar structures in the cytoplasm and vacuole. These results suggest that CP is one of the pathways of Rubisco exclusion from chloroplasts into the cytoplasm under salinity, and the exclusions could be transported to vacuole for their degradation.
The role of Staphylococcal enterotoxin in atopic keratoconjunctivitis and corneal ulceration
Authors: Fujishima H. , Okada N. , Dogru M. , Baba F. , Tomita M. , Abe J. , Matsumoto K. , Saito H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundPatients with atopic eczema frequently experience colonization with Staphylococcus aureus that is directly correlated with the eczema severity. We hypothesized that S. aureus‐secreted enterotoxins (SE) are involved in the pathophysiology of atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).MethodsA total of 45 subjects (18 with AKC, nine vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), eight seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), and ten healthy volunteers) were enrolled. Slit lamp examinations, including fluorescein staining, were performed. Scraped samples were collected from the upper tarsal conjunctiva, lower conjunctival sacs, and the skin around the eyelid margins. Superantigen (SAg) genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsAmong 45 cases, S. aureus was detected significantly more in AKC patients than VKC patients (P = 0.026), SAC patients (P = 0.0003), and healthy volunteers (P = 0.0001). SAg genes were detected in 11 patients. SEB (2/11), SEG (8/11), and SEI (8/11) were detected, but no other SE. There was a significant difference in SE detection between AKC and SAC patients (P = 0.03). In severe types of ocular allergic disease such as AKC and VKC (N = 27), SE was detected in six of ten patients with corneal ulcers and two of 17 patients without corneal ulcers. SE was detected in significantly more patients with corneal ulcers (P = 0.025).ConclusionsIn patients with AKC, S. aureus and SE were detected more frequently compared with other patients and healthy volunteers, especially in association with corneal ulceration suggesting a role of SE. So far, it is unknown whether SE leads to tissue damage of the cornea by initiating an immune response or has direct toxic effects.
Presentation of atopic disease in a large cohort of pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Shroff P. , Mehta R. S. , Chinen J. , Karpen S. J. , Davis C. M. 
Published: April 2012

Shroff P, Mehta RS, Chinen J, Karpen SJ, Davis CM. Presentation of atopic disease in a large cohort of pediatric liver transplant recipients.Abstract:  Atopic disease occurs in solid organ transplant recipients with an increasingly recognized frequency. The time course for the development of these atopic diseases in liver transplantation has not been described. The objective was to characterize the atopic manifestations of children receiving chronic immunosuppression after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Chart review and follow‐up questionnaire were utilized for 176 OLT pediatric recipients at a single institution for manifestations of allergic disease. Atopic disease was present in 25 (14.2%) patients. Median age at transplant was 16 months with a median follow‐up of 63 months. Food allergy and non‐food related atopic symptoms presented at a median of 11.5 (IQR, 6–28) and 19 (IQR, 5–41) months post‐transplantation, respectively. The median age at transplant of the non‐atopic children was 72 months, higher than patients with atopy (p < 0.001). Food allergy and atopic skin disease symptoms were present in 40% and 56% of cases, respectively. Asthma, allergic rhinitis, or both were found in 66% of cases. The onset of symptoms of food allergy and eczema (median, 12 months post‐transplantation) preceded symptoms of allergic rhinitis and asthma. (median of 27 and 30 months post‐transplantation, respectively). Atopy occurs in ∼14% of pediatric liver transplant recipients, with manifestations including food allergy, eczema, allergic rhinitis, and asthma.
Demodicidosis simulating acute graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in one patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Román‐Curto C. , Meseguer‐Yebra C. , Cañueto J. , Fraile‐Alonso C. , Santos‐Briz A. , Vázquez L. , Fernández‐López E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOne important differential diagnosis of facial erythema in a patient receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) is acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Demodex folliculorum has been rarely implicated in the development of facial rashes in immunosuppressed patients, including BMT recipients. We report the case of a patient, suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who after bone marrow transplantation developed a facial rash due to D. folliculorum mimicking GVHD. Differential diagnosis of facial rashes and demodicidosis after BMT is reviewed.
Strategies of plant establishment of two Cerrado species: Byrsonima basiloba Juss. (Malpighiaceae) and Eugenia dysenterica Mart. ex DC (Myrtaceae)
Authors: SILVEIRA CONCEIÇÃO E. S. , PALHARES DARIO , PEREIRA LUIZ A. R. , PEREIRA KARINA B. D. , SILVA FERNANDA A. B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study investigates the initial development of two Cerrado species, Eugenia dysenterica and Byrsonima basiloba. Both species have high ethnobotanical importance and are widely used as a food source as well as in folk medicine. Eugenia dysenterica presented hypogeous cryptocotylar germination and the cotyledons were rich in reserve material. This plant species showed quick root development and after the shoot had produced the first two pairs of eophyls, the seedling went into a latent state for at least 1 year. Byrsonima basiloba had a hard endocarp, which had to be broken to facilitate germination. This species showed epigeous phanerocotylar germination. Similarly to E. dysenterica, B. basiloba roots also developed rapidly; however, the aerial part grew continuously and did not show a latent period. Moreover, within the first 6 months of cultivation B. basiloba developed a xylopodium. The strategies for seed dispersal and breakage of seed dormancy were different between the species, but their initial growth showed several similarities.
Comparison of matrix proteins in different types of urinary stone by proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kaneko Kiyoko , Kobayashi Riei , Yasuda Makoto , Izumi Yoko , Yamanobe Tomoyo , Shimizu Toru 
Published: April 2012

Objectives:  To analyze the crystal components and matrix proteins of urinary stones by proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.Methods:  Urinary stones were obtained from patients with gout and hyperuricemia. The outside and inside of the stones were measured non‐destructively with a micro area X‐ray diffractometer. After stones were powdered, extracted proteins were analyzed by proteomic analysis.Results:  Of 17 investigated stones, seven were composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate or calcium oxalate dihydrate, seven were of uric acid, and three were a mixture of calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid. In calcium oxalate monohydrate or calcium oxalate dihydrate stones, osteopontin, uromodulin, albumin, protein Z, prothrombin, protein S, hemoglobin and histone H4 were identified. In uric acid stones, uromodulin, albumin, hemoglobin, calgranulins and immunoglobin G fragments were detected. Mixed stones of calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid contained both Ca‐binding proteins and abundant proteins. Matrix proteins were different when the crystal components of the stone were different, even when from the same patient.Conclusions:  Proteins, such as uromodulin and albumin, are often detected in stones, regardless of crystal components. However, osteopontin, prothrombin, protein S and protein Z are identified specifically in calcium oxalate stones. Furthermore, immunoglobin G fragments are detected in uric acid stones. The role of these specific proteins in the different types of stones can be of particular interest.
Techniques in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
Authors: Banga Neal , Nicol David 
Published: April 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Innovations in laparoscopic surgery have provided transplant surgeons with a range of techniques as well as a vast array of minimally invasive instruments. Whilst randomized control trials have compared open and laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, there is a paucity of high quality data comparing different laparoscopic approaches. This article summarizes the main techniques of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy currently in use and reviews the evidence available for each. In addition, controversial aspects of donor nephrectomy are examined, including the technological advances applicable to this operation.Increasing numbers of living donor kidney transplants are being performed worldwide, and the majority of donor operations are now laparoscopic. Transperitoneal ‘pure’ and hand‐assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy are the two most commonly performed procedures, although retroperitoneal approaches are advocated by some centres. Controversy persists with respect to the technical aspects of donor nephrectomy, including both the approach and the method of ligation of the hilar vessels. More recently, robot‐assisted, laparo‐endoscopic single site surgery (LESS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) ‐assisted donor nephrectomy have also been performed, further increasing the number of options available, but creating uncertainty as to the ideal approach.