bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of asthma in genetically susceptible children: A multifaceted intervention trial focussed on feasibility in general practice
Authors: Maas Tanja , Dompeling Edward , Muris Jean W. M. , Wesseling Geertjan , Knottnerus J. André , van Schayck Onno C. P. 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article: Maas T, Dompeling E, Muris JWM, Wesseling G, Knottnerus JA, van Schayck OCP. Prevention of asthma in genetically susceptible children: A multifaceted intervention trial focussed on feasibility in general practice. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011: 22: 794–802.AbstractBackground:  Although the effectiveness of the multifaceted allergen‐reducing interventions for the prevention of asthma in susceptible children was showed to be proven, the feasibility was not clear.Methods:  The research question of the PREVention of asthma in susceptible children (PREVASC) trial was focused on the assessment of the effectiveness and feasibility of a multifaceted intervention on the prevention of allergic asthma in general practice. The effectiveness and feasibility of an intervention aimed at the simultaneous reduction in the environmental exposures to inhalant‐ and food allergens in susceptible children was investigated. A total of 476 children susceptible for developing asthma were initially included during pregnancy and were randomly divided over an intervention group of n = 222 children whose parents were offered a multifaceted environmental exposure–reducing intervention. Controls (n = 221) received usual care. The main outcome was ‘diagnosis of allergic asthma at age 6’.Results:  A significant reduction in inhalant allergen exposure levels of house dust mite [(Der p1), p = 0.043], cat [(Fel d1), p = 0.037], and dog [(Can f1), p = 0.012] was reached. Significantly more intervention group children started using cow’s milk and solids after the age of 6 months (p ≤ 0.001). No statistical difference, however, was reached between groups on the duration of breast‐feeding (p = 0.635) and the reduction in smoke exposure (p = 0829). At age 6, the intervention had no influence on the development of main outcome allergic asthma (OR = 1.010 (CI 0.580–1.758).Conclusion:  Other primary preventive asthma‐reducing interventions were shown to be effective in reducing the occurrence of asthma for at least the first 7–8 yr of life. The multifaceted PREVASC allergic asthma primary preventive intervention was effective in reducing the exposure to inhalant and food allergens, but was not feasible for the parents. A lack of sufficient room for improvement focus on stimulating adherence seemed to be involved. It is suggested that a multifaceted environmental exposure–reducing intervention may have to be adapted to the personal circumstances of patients at baseline.
Asthma symptoms and medication in the PIAMA birth cohort: Evidence for under and overtreatment
Authors: Caudri Daan , Wijga Alet H. , Smit Henriette A. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Kerkhof Marjan , Hoekstra Maarten O. , Brunekreef Bert , de Jongste Johan C. 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article: Caudri D, Wijga AH, Smit HA, Koppelman GH, Kerkhof M, Hoekstra MO, Brunekreef B, de Jongste JC. Asthma symptoms and medication in the PIAMA birth cohort: Evidence for under and overtreatment. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2011; 22: 652–659.AbstractObjective:  Under and overtreatment of asthma may be a serious problem especially in young children, but the evidence is scarce and no longitudinal data are available. Our aim was to investigate whether inhaled medication use in young children was in agreement with asthma symptoms at the age of 2–8 yr.Methods: Data were used from the ‘Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy’ birth cohort, consisting of 3963 children born in the Netherlands. Between age 2 and 8 yr, children were followed up using annual postal questionnaires. Age‐specific prevalences of asthma symptoms were assessed and compared with reported use of inhaled bronchodilators and/or corticosteroids.Results:  The proportion of current wheeze decreased with age. About a third of ‘current wheezers’ did not use any inhaled medication during the years in which symptoms were reported. At 8 yr, 30% of children with reported ‘severe current asthma symptoms’ were not using inhaled corticosteroids. On the other hand, up to 50% of children with inhaled corticosteroids for at least 2 yr did not report any wheezing during those 2 yr.Conclusion:  The proportion of symptomatic children without appropriate treatment was substantial throughout childhood, even when parents reported prolonged or severe symptoms. Treatment of asymptomatic children with inhaled corticosteroids increased with age and accounted for up to a third of all inhaled steroid use at 8 yr. These findings suggest that under and overtreatment of asthma in children was common.
Black nurse in white space? Rethinking the in/visibility of race within the Australian nursing workplace
Authors: Mapedzahama Virginia , Rudge Trudy , West Sandra , Perron Amelie 
Published: July 2011

MAPEDZAHAMA V, RUDGE T, WEST S and PERRON A. Nursing Inquiry 2012; 19: 153–164 [Epub ahead of print]Black nurse in white space? Rethinking the in/visibility of race within the Australian nursing workplaceThis article presents an analysis of data from a critical qualitative study with 14 skilled black African migrant nurses, which document their experiences of nurse‐to‐nurse racism and racial prejudice in Australian nursing workplaces. Racism generally and nurse‐to‐nurse racism specifically, continues to be under‐researched in explorations of these workplaces; when racism is researched, the focus is nurse‐to‐patient racism and racial prejudice. Similarly, research on the experiences of migrant nurses from a variety of ethnicities in Australia has tended to neglect their experiences of the social dynamics of the workplace, thus reinforcing their racialisation. When racialised, the migrant nurse becomes ‘the problem’ through a focus on English language competency and ensuing communication barriers. This paper applies Essed’s framework of ‘everyday racism’ to theorise narratives of racism by black African migrant nurses in Australia. In so doing, it not only brings to the fore silenced discussions of nurse‐to‐nurse racism in Australia, but also exposes the subtle, mundane nature of contemporary racism. For this reason, while the data we present must be read within their context, that is, the Australian nursing workplace, it has significance for advancing a critical analysis of racialised minority groups’ experiences of racism within seemingly ‘race‐less’ nursing workplaces internationally.
How the genetics of lung cancer may overlap with COPD
Authors: YOUNG ROBERT P. , HOPKINS RAEWYN J. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTOver the last 30 years, epidemiological studies have shown that COPD is the single most important risk factor for lung cancer after smoking exposure. Recent genetic studies using genome‐wide approaches suggest that the genetic risk factors predisposing smokers to COPD and lung cancer may overlap. The genes identified by these studies suggest that this overlapping genetic susceptibility may be mediated through receptors expressed on the bronchial epithelium that implicate molecular pathways underlying both COPD and lung cancer. Furthermore, it appears that aberrant inflammatory and/or immune‐modulatory pathways leading to excess matrix metalloproteinases, growth factors and airway remodelling in COPD may also be promoting malignant transformation of the bronchial epithelium. The process linking inflammation, remodelling and cancer formation is called epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. There are several clinical implications arising from the COPD–lung cancer overlap. First, if COPD is a precursor disease to lung cancer then efforts to prevent COPD, might be even more important. Second, if drugs targeting the overlapping molecular pathways can be identified, chemoprevention that reduce the propensity to COPD and lung cancer is an attractive option. Finally, if low‐dose computerized tomography can identify treatable lung cancer, gene‐based tests of susceptibility might help identify those smokers who should undergo radiological screening.
Neonatal correlates of adverse outcomes in very low‐birthweight infants in the NICU Network
Authors: Kono Yumi , Mishina Jun , Yonemoto Naohiro , Kusuda Satoshi , Fujimura Masanori ,   for the NICU Network, Japan
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of the present study was to explore the relationships among neonatal morbidity, interventions and death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants.Methods:  Subjects were infants with birthweight ≤1500 g who were cared for in the tertiary neonatal intensive care units in Japan. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of neonatal factors for death or cerebral palsy (CP) and death or developmental delay (developmental quotient <70 or delay judged by physicians) at 3 years of age after adjusting for biological and prenatal variables.Results:  Of the 3104 subjects, 257 died and 1826 were evaluated at 3 years of age. Cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL; OR, 23.9; 95%CI: 11.0–51.7), gastrointestinal perforation (OR, 8.5; 95%CI: 2.8–25.4), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grade 3 or 4 (OR, 3.1; 95%CI: 1.3–7.2) and sepsis (OR, 2.6; 95%CI: 1.4–4.8) were neonatal factors significantly associated with an increased risk of death or CP. Significant correlates with death or developmental delay were cystic PVL (OR, 7.9; 95%CI: 3.7–16.8), gastrointestinal perforation (OR, 6.3; 95%CI: 1.9–20.8), sepsis (OR, 2.8; 95%CI: 1.6–4.8), IVH grade 3 or 4 (OR, 2.6; 95%CI: 1.2–5.7), chronic lung disease at 36 weeks of corrected gestational age (OR, 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.4) and treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP; OR, 1.5; 95%CI: 1.0–2.3).Conclusion:  Cystic PVL, gastrointestinal perforation, IVH and sepsis correlated with both death or CP and death or developmental delay in VLBW infants. Chronic lung disease at 36 weeks and treatment for ROP were associated with death or developmental delay, but not with death or CP.
Metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose and obesity, as predictors of incident diabetes in 14 120 hypertensive patients of ASCOT‐BPLA: comparison of their relative predictability using a novel approach
Authors: Gupta A. K. , Prieto‐Merino D. , Dahlöf B. , Sever P. S. , Poulter N. R. ,   on behalf of the ASCOT Investigators
Published: July 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 941–947 (2011)AbstractAims  To evaluate, in hypertensive patients, whether the metabolic syndrome is a better predictor of new‐onset diabetes compared with impaired fasting glucose, obesity or its other individual components alone, or collectively.Methods  Cox models were developed to assess the risk of new‐onset diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome after adjusting for a priori confounders (age, sex, ethnicity and concomitant use of non‐cardiovascular medications), its individual components and other determinants of new‐onset diabetes. Area under receiver operator curves using the metabolic syndrome or models of impaired fasting glucose were compared, and the ability of these models to correctly identify those who (after 5‐years of follow‐up) would or would not develop diabetes was assessed.Results  The metabolic syndrome adjusted for a priori confounders and its individual components, and further adjusted for other determinants, was associated with significantly increased risk of new‐onset diabetes [1.19 (1.00–1.40), P = 0.05 and 1.22 (1.03–1.44), P = 0.02, respectively]. The discriminative ability of the metabolic syndrome model [area under receiver operating curve: 0.764 (0.750–0.778)] was significantly better than the model of impaired fasting glucose [0.742 (0.727–0.757)] (P < 0.001). The metabolic syndrome correctly allocates the risk of new‐onset diabetes in a significantly higher proportion of patients (62.3%) than impaired fasting glucose status (37.7%) (P < 0.001). The presence of both the metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose were associated with an approximately 9‐fold (7.47–10.45) increased risk of new‐onset diabetes. Among normoglycaemic patients, the metabolic syndrome was also associated with significantly increased risk of new‐onset diabetes, after adjusting for BMI and a priori confounders [1.66 (1.29–2.13)].Conclusions  Both impaired fasting glucose and the metabolic syndrome predict the risk of new‐onset diabetes; however, the metabolic syndrome is a better predictor than impaired fasting glucose in assigning the risk of new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive patients, and among those with normoglycaemia.
Dynamic Relations between Stock Returns and Exchange Rate Changes
Authors: Inci A. Can , Lee Bong Soo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe re‐examine the relation between stock returns and exchange rate changes in five major European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the UK), the USA, Canada, and Japan by taking into account dynamic effects, including lagged changes of variables, and employing causal relations. We find that lagged exchange rates have a significant impact on stock returns. We find evidence of Granger causality from exchange rate changes to stock returns, and also for the reverse direction. Furthermore, the dynamic relation has been more significant and stronger in recent years and recession periods than in early periods and expansion periods.
Analysis of the Flow
in the Combustor—Transition Piece Considering the Variation in the Fuel
Composition
Authors: Arturo
Alfaro-Ayala J. , Gallegos-Muñoz A. , Manuel
Riesco-Ávila J. , Flores-López M. , Campos-Amezcua A. , Germán Mani-González A. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
An analysis of the flow that depends on the fuel composition (natural gas) in the combustor–transition piece system, applying computational fluid dynamics, is presented. The study defines the velocity and temperature profiles at the exit of the transition piece and the hot streak along the system. The variation of the composition in the fuel depends of the amount of N2 contained in the fuel, and the hot track influences on the temperature distribution at the input of the first stage of vanes and blades of the gas turbine. The study takes place in a three-dimensional model in steady state using FLUENT® 6.3.26, applying the k-ε turbulence model and chemical equilibrium to the combustion process. The results show the influence of the transition piece geometry over the velocity and temperature profiles, principally, in the radial direction. The velocity profiles on the radial direction can be represented by six order polynomial and the temperature profile by third order polynomial. The temperature and velocity profiles keep a symmetry profile and they can be represented by six order polynomial at the circumferential direction. Knowing these profiles, it is possible to compute a more exact study of the heat transfer at vanes and blades of the first stage of the turbine to evaluate the performance and life of them. On the other hand, considering from 2% to 10% of N2 in the fuel composition, the maximum temperature is reduced in the combustion process and consequently the NOx emissions too.
Randomised trial comparing hand expression with breast pumping for mothers of term newborns feeding poorly
Authors: Flaherman Valerie J , Gay Barbara , Scott Cheryl , Avins Andrew , Lee Kathryn A , Newman Thomas B 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveBreast pumping or hand expression may be recommended when newborns latch or suck poorly. A recent trial found worse outcomes among mothers who used a breast pump in the early postpartum period. The objective of this study was to compare bilateral electric breast pumping to hand expression among mothers of healthy term infants feeding poorly at 12–36 h after birth.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingWell-baby nursery and postpartum unit.Patients68 mothers of newborns 12–36 h old who were latching or sucking poorly were randomly assigned to either 15 min of bilateral electric pumping or 15 min of hand expression.Mainoutcome measuresMilk transfer, maternal pain, breastfeeding confidence and breast milk expression experience (BMEE) immediately after the intervention, and breastfeeding rates at 2 months after birth.ResultsThe median volume of expressed milk (range) was 0.5 (0–5) ml for hand expressing mothers and 1 (0–40) ml for pumping mothers (p=0.07). Maternal pain, breastfeeding confidence and BMEE did not differ by intervention. At 2 months, mothers assigned to hand expression were more likely to be breastfeeding (96.1%) than mothers assigned to breast pumping (72.7%) (p=0.02).ConclusionsHand expression in the early postpartum period appears to improve eventual breastfeeding rates at 2 months after birth compared with breast pumping, but further research is needed to confirm this. However, in circumstances where either pumping or hand expression would be appropriate for healthy term infants 12–36 h old feeding poorly, providers should consider recommending hand expression.
T-Cell Immune Function in Tumor, Skin, and Peripheral Blood of Advanced Stage Melanoma Patients: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Tjin Esther P.M. , Konijnenberg Debby , Krebbers Gabrielle , Mallo Henk , Drijfhout Jan W. , Franken Kees L.M.C. , van der Horst Chantal M.A.M. , Bos Jan D. , Nieweg Omgo E. , Kroon Bin B.R. , Haanen John B.A.G. , Melief Cornelis J.M. , Vyth-Dreese Florry A. , Luiten Rosalie M. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Purpose: To predict the potential antitumor effect of antigen-specific T cells in melanoma patients, we investigated T-cell effector function in relation to tumor-escape mechanisms.
Experimental Design: CD8+ T cells isolated from tumor, adjacent normal skin, and peripheral blood of 17 HLA-A2+ patients with advanced-stage melanoma were analyzed for their antigen specificity and effector function against melanocyte differentiation antigens MART-1, gp100, and tyrosinase by using HLA-A2/peptide tetramers and functional assays. In addition, the presence of tumor-escape mechanisms PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, FoxP3 and loss of HLA or melanocyte differentiation antigens, both required for tumor cell recognition and killing, were studied.
Results: Higher percentages of melanocyte antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were found in the melanoma tissues as compared with adjacent normal skin and peripheral blood. Functional analysis revealed 2 important findings: (i) in 5 of 17 patients, we found cytokine production after specific peptide stimulation by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), not by autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL); (ii) CD8+ T cells from 7 of 17 patients did not produce cytokines after specific stimulation, which corresponded with significant loss of tumor HLA-A2 expression. The presence of other tumor-escape mechanisms did not correlate to T-cell function.
Conclusions: Our data show that functional T-cell responses could be missed when only PBL and not TIL are evaluated, emphasizing the importance of TIL analysis for immunomonitoring. Furthermore, loss of tumor HLA-A2 may explain the lack of T-cell functionality. These findings have important implications for selecting melanoma patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(17); 5736–47. ©2011 AACR.
Molecular Characteristics of ERCC1-Negative versus ERCC1-Positive Tumors in Resected NSCLC
Authors: Friboulet Luc , Barrios-Gonzales Daniel , Commo Frédéric , Olaussen Ken André , Vagner Stephan , Adam Julien , Goubar Aïcha , Dorvault Nicolas , Lazar Vladimir , Job Bastien , Besse Benjamin , Validire Pierre , Girard Philippe , Lacroix Ludovic , Hasmats Johanna , Dufour Fabienne , André Fabrice , Soria Jean-Charles 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) is a protein involved in repair of DNA platinum adducts and stalled DNA replication forks. We and others have previously shown the influence of ERCC1 expression upon survival rates and benefit of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with resected non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about the molecular characteristics of ERCC1-positive and ERCC1-negative tumors.
Experimental Design: We took advantage of a cohort of 91 patients with resected NSCLC, for which we had matched frozen and paraffin-embedded samples to explore the comparative molecular portraits of ERCC1-positive and ERCC1-negative tumors of NSCLC. We carried out a global molecular analysis including assessment of ERCC1 expression levels by using both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), genomic instability, global gene and miRNA expression, and sequencing of selected key genes involved in lung carcinogenesis.
Results: ERCC1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly correlated. However, we observed several cases with clear discrepancies. We noted that ERCC1-negative tumors had a higher rate of genomic abnormalities versus ERCC1-positive tumors. ERCC1-positive tumors seemed to share a common DNA damage response (DDR) phenotype with the overexpression of seven genes linked to DDR. The miRNA expression analysis identified miR-375 as significantly underexpressed in ERCC1-positive tumors.
Conclusions: Our data show inconsistencies in ERCC1 expression between IHC and qRT-PCR readouts. Furthermore, ERCC1 status is not linked to specific mutational patterns or frequencies. Finally, ERCC1-negative tumors have a high rate of genomic aberrations that could consequently influence prognosis in patients with resected NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(17); 5562–72. ©2011 AACR.
Genomic Profiling in CEPH Cell Lines Distinguishes between the Camptothecins and Indenoisoquinolines
Authors: Watson Venita Gresham , Hardison Nicholas E. , Harris Tyndall , Motsinger-Reif Alison , McLeod Howard L. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We have attempted to use a familial genetics strategy to study mechanisms of topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibition. Investigations have steadily been chipping away at the pathways involved in cellular response following Top1 inhibition for more than 20 years. Our system-wide approach, which phenotypes a collection of genotyped human cell lines for sensitivity to compounds and interrogates all genes and molecular pathways simultaneously. Previously, we characterized the in vitro sensitivity of 15 families of Centre d'Etude Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) cell lines (n = 142) to 9 camptothecin analogues. Linkage analysis revealed a pattern of 7 quantitative trait loci (QTL) shared by all of the camptothecins. To identify which, if any, QTLs are related to the general mechanism of Top1 inhibition or should be considered camptothecin specific, we characterized the in vitro sensitivity of the same panel of CEPH cell lines to the indenisoquinolones, a structurally distinct class of Top1 inhibitors. Four QTLs on chromosomes 1, 5, 11, and 16 were shared by both the camptothecins and the indenoisoquinolines and are considered associated with the general mechanism of Top1 inhibition. The remaining 3 QTLs (chromosomes 6 and 20) are considered specific to camptothecin-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, 8 QTLs were identified, which were unique to the indenoisoquinolines. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(10); 1839–45. ©2011 AACR.