bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of State Law to Physical Education Time Allocation in US Public Schools
Authors: Perna Frank M. , Oh April , Chriqui Jamie F. , Mâsse Louise C. , Atienza Audie A. , Nebeling Linda , Agurs-Collins Tanya , Moser Richard P. , Dodd Kevin W. 
Published: May 2012

Objectives. We examined whether public schools in states with specific and stringent physical education (PE) laws, as assessed by the Physical Education–Related State Policy Classification System (PERSPCS), available on the Classification of Laws Associated with School Students (C.L.A.S.S.) Web site, reported more weekly PE time in the most recent School Health Policies and Programs Survey (SHPPS). Methods. Schools (n = 410) were grouped by their state’s PERSPCS time requirement scores (none, nonspecific requirement, or specific requirement). Average weekly school-level PE was calculated using the SHPPS-reported PE minutes. Weighted analyses determined if PE minutes/week differed by PERSPCS group. Results. Schools in states with specific requirement laws averaged over 27 and 60 more PE minutes/week at the elementary and middle school levels, respectively, compared with schools within states with nonspecific laws and over 40 and 60 more PE minutes per week, respectively, compared with elementary and middle schools in states with no laws. High school results were nonsignificant. Conclusions. Public health guidelines recommend at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity for children, and PE may further this goal. Strong codified law with specific time requirements for PE may be an important tool contributing toward adequate PE time and daily physical activity recommendations.
The Case for the World Health Organization’s Commission on the Social Determinants of Health to Address Sexual Orientation
Authors: Logie Carmen 
Published: May 2012

The World Health Organization's (WHO's) social determinants of health discussion underscores the need for health equity and social justice. Yet sexual orientation was not addressed within the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health final report Closing the Gap in a Generation. This omission of sexual orientation as a social determinant of health stands in stark contrast with a body of evidence that demonstrates that sexual minorities are disproportionately affected by health problems associated with stigma and discrimination, such as mental health disorders. I propose strategies to integrate sexual orientation into the WHO’s social determinants of health dialogue. Recognizing sexual orientation as a social determinant of health is an important first step toward health equity for sexual minorities.
Reducing Tanker-SPM Loading Downtime
Authors: Kolpak Miroslav M. , Fairbrother Nicholas J. , Beynet Pierre A. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Since July 1976, crude oil from the Montrose Field in the North Sea has been offloaded via two single point moorings (SPM's) and two shuttle tankers. The production platform has no storage capacity and must therefore shut in production whenever a tanker is not moored and loading. Adverse weather conditions in the North Sea affect the tankers' ability to stay moored to the SPM and their ability to remoor, and are the major cause of offloading downtime.
In September 1978, an in-house project was initiated to investigate ways to reduce the downtime without instituting major changes in the system. This paper discusses some of the major operational factors leading to downtime and describes steps taken in attempting to reduce it. These include periodic technical discussions with operations personnel and tanker Captains, which resulted in minor hardware modifications and computer simulation studies for predicting tanker responses in severe weather.
The two buoys are of the catenary anchor leg mooring (CALM) type, and are situated approximately one mile from the Montrose production platform, in approximately 91 m (300 ft) of water.
Development Planning For ULA Field – Block 7/12 NOCS
Authors: Woodward D. K. , Hares T. N. D. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The Ula Field was discovered in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea in 1976 but following appraisal drilling and studies of ‘conventional’ production schemes, development was found to be economically unattractive to the participants. The field was subsequently classified as ‘marginal’.
Extensive studies of non-conventional production schemes were undertaken to identify a less costly and time consuming scheme, which could form an economically and technically acceptable basis of field development. These studies culminated in the selection of a two platform development concept comprising a small well jacket linked to an adjacent custom-built jack-up production and accommodation platform. In September 1979 the participants declared the field to be commercial and obtained official Norwegian Government approval of the proposed development plans in May 1980.
This paper presents a case history of the Ula development planning from field discovery through to official development approval. An attempt has been made to identify those aspects of the development studies or features of the selected production scheme, which characterise a marginal project and may be of relevance in the development of other marginal fields.
Electrical System Design and Implementation for Optimum Hook-Up, Commissioning and Operation
Authors: Stephen D. D. , McTurk W. H. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Careful analysis of work carried out for offshore platforms covering design, manufacture, transportation, erection and commissioning has shown that the original concept of subdividing the work into several parts, either associated with a particular engineering discipline, or with some other special qualification, has resulted in severe difficulties and often in operational deficiencies, with consequent waste of time and money in the overall platform programme and cost. Several attempts have been made to improve on the efficiency but these were usually ineffective as they were based on a different procedure for subdividing the work and not by treating the basic reasons for the problem. Such attempts to improve overall co-ordination and planning do not yet appear to have been carried out on a sufficiently wide basis simultaneously with detailed consideration of all the specialised disciplines involved.
A Microprocessor Based Automatic Fire and Gas System
Authors: Harbert Frank C. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The safety of oil and gas production platforms, petrochemical and general process plants demands an automatic and reliable fire and gas system to protect equipment, processes, the environment and personnel. A fire/gas system provides an early warning of a fire or gas hazard, its locality, and the state of the automatic fire-fighting equipment. A network of detectors and manually operated call points on the platform relay alarm information to the system. When certain detectors are activated the system automatically initiates ex-tinguishant release and shuts down process plant and heating/ventilation system.
A fully programmable fire/gas system incorporating triplicated microprocessors has been developed for the British Petroleum Magnus Field Development Platform. There is complete signal independence between the three microprocessors thereby achieving a compact, programmable highly reliable package.
The logic and annunciation programme is stored in a non-volatile one megabyte bubble memory. Information is displayed to the operator on four colour V.D.U.'s and includes a histogram display of gas concentrations across the plant.
The main features of the system are:

System Reliability
Three microprocessor systems are continuously in operation and it requires any two to cause a control action. A single fault cannot therefore cause a spurious shutdown nor prevent the system for responding to a genuine hazard.

Programmable
The logic configuration can be re-programmed, modified or extended in a few minutes.

Self-Checking Facility
A pulse signal entres the system at regular intervals and automatically checks the availability of the complete system. Any failure is immediately identified.

Displayed Information
There is considerable increase in quantity and quality of information displayed on operator V.D.U.'s with printer facilities.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
A block schematic diagram of the system is shown in Figure 1.
The system is fully programmable incorporating triplicated microprocessors. Of modular design and using CPU components, the system can be built up to accept as many as one thousand inputs or more, from analogue sensors, digital sensors, or switched inputs located around the platform. The processing of these signals is accomplished in central processors, using three independent microprocessor logic cards. The software for system operation is entirely flexible and can be readily accessed for updating purposes.
The total system is fully supervised and, due to its continuous self-checking and fault diagnosis routines, any failure is immediately identified to module level without imparing the operation of the plant or the equipment itself. High orders of integrity and system availability are provided in order to maintain the safe and efficient operation of the plant.
The display includes four V.D.U.s for gas histogram, plant mimics, system status messages and back up. Typical displays are shown in figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. Figure 6 shows the overall view of the complete system.
S—H Bond Dissociation Enthalpies in para- and meta-Substituted Thiophenols: Correlation with Thiophenolic C—S Bond Length
Authors: Rottmannová Lenka , Vagánek Adam , Rimarčík Ján , Lukeš Vladimír , Klein Erik 
Published: May 2012

S—H Bond Dissociation Enthalpies in para- and meta-Substituted Thiophenols: Correlation with Thiophenolic C—S Bond Length
For mono-substituted anilines, phenols, and thiophenols it has been found that N—H, O—H and S—H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) depend on Hammett constants approximately linearly. For substituents placed in meta position, linearity of found dependences is usually considerably worse in comparison to para-substituted molecules. Therefore, their applicability for prediction of changes in BDE using substituent Hammett constant may be limited. In this work, we have found that the length of thiophenolic C—S bond, R(C—S), or its shortening after hydrogen atom abstraction, ΔR(C—S), represent suitable descriptors of substituent induced changes in S—H BDE. For fifteen studied meta-substituted thiophenols, these geometry descriptors correlate with S—H BDEs considerably better than Hammett constants.
Increased Serum Interleukin 22 in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Correlation with Disease Activity
Authors: da ROCHA LAURINDO FERREIRA , DUARTE ÂNGELA LUZIA BRANCO PINTO , DANTAS ANDRÉA TAVARES , MARIZ HENRIQUE ATAÍDE , PITTA IVAN da ROCHA , GALDINO SUELY LINS , PITTA MAIRA GALDINO da ROCHA 
Published: May 2012

Objective.To analyze the role of interleukin 22 (IL-22) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.IL-22 serum levels were measured in 83 patients with established RA under treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and in 30 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Patients were assessed for clinical and laboratory variables. Correlations of IL-22 serum levels with disease activity measures [Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Disease Activity Score for 28 joints (DAS28)], serological markers, bone erosions, and demographic factors were assessed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 30 patients with RA and 14 controls were purified and stimulatedin vitrowith phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin. IL-22 production by PBMC and in serum was investigated by ELISA.Results.IL-22 levels were increased in patients with RA compared with controls (mean 432.37 pg/ml and 67.45 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Levels of IL-22 correlated with DAS28 and CDAI measures. Rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity was correlated with higher levels of IL-22 in patients with RA (mean 575.08 pg/ml; p = 0.001). The presence of bone erosions was associated with high IL-22 levels (p = 0.0001). PBMC stimulated with PMA/ionomycin expressed higher levels of IL-22 in patients with RA than controls but this was not significant (mean 584.75 pg/ml and 295.57 pg/ml; p = 0.553).Conclusion.IL-22 is elevated in the serum of patients with established RA. Elevated serum IL-22 allows discrimination between patients with different clinical and laboratory measures and indicates the potential of IL-22 as an additional tool for assessment of activity in RA, particularly in patients with RF antibodies and longterm disease. IL-22 is associated with bone-destructive disease.
Increased Sensitivity of the European Medicines Agency Algorithm for Classification of Childhood Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: URIBE AMÉRICA G. , HUBER ADAM M. , KIM SUSAN , O’NEIL KATHLEEN M. , WAHEZI DAWN M. , ABRAMSON LESLIE , BASZIS KEVIN , BENSELER SUSANNE M. , BOWYER SUZANNE L. , CAMPILLO SARAH , CHIRA PETER , HERSH AIMEE O. , HIGGINS GLORIA C. , EBERHARD ANNE , EDE KALEO , IMUNDO LISA F. , JUNG LAWRENCE , KINGSBURY DANIEL J. , KLEIN-GITELMAN MARISA , LAWSON ERICA F. , LI SUZANNE C. , LOVELL DANIEL J. , MASON THOMAS , McCURDY DEBORAH , MUSCAL EYAL , NASSI LORIEN , RABINOVICH EGLA , REIFF ANDREAS , ROSENKRANZ MARGALIT , SCHIKLER KENNETH N. , SINGER NORA G. , SPALDING STEVEN , STEVENS ANNE M. , CABRAL DAVID A. ,   A Registry for Children with Vasculitis e-entry (ARChiVe) Network
Published: May 2012

Objective.Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s; GPA) and other antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rare in childhood and are sometimes difficult to discriminate. We compared use of adult-derived classification schemes for GPA against validated pediatric criteria in the ARChiVe (A Registry for Childhood Vasculitis e-entry) cohort, a Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance initiative.Methods.Time-of-diagnosis data for children with physician (MD) diagnosis of AAV and unclassified vasculitis (UCV) from 33 US/Canadian centers were analyzed. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) classification algorithm and European League Against Rheumatism/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation/Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (EULAR/PRINTO/PRES) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for GPA were applied to all patients. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated (MD-diagnosis as reference).Results.MD-diagnoses for 155 children were 100 GPA, 25 microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 6 ANCA-positive pauciimmune glomerulonephritis, 3 Churg-Strauss syndrome, and 21 UCV. Of these, 114 had GPA as defined by EMA, 98 by EULAR/PRINTO/PRES, and 87 by ACR. Fourteen patients were identified as GPA by EULAR/PRINTO/PRES but not by ACR; 3 were identified as GPA by ACR but not EULAR/PRINTO/PRES. Using the EMA algorithm, 135 (87%) children were classifiable. The sensitivity of the EMA algorithm, the EULAR/PRINTO/PRES, and ACR criteria for classifying GPA was 90%, 77%, and 69%, respectively, with specificities of 56%, 62%, and 67%. The relatively poor sensitivity of the 2 criteria related to their inability to discriminate patients with MPA.Conclusion.EULAR/PRINTO/PRES was more sensitive than ACR criteria in classifying pediatric GPA. Neither classification system has criteria for MPA; therefore usefulness in discriminating patients in ARChiVe was limited. Even when using the most sensitive EMA algorithm, many children remained unclassified.
Analysis of the Effects of Breast Reconstruction in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy after Mastectomy
Authors: Kim Seong Hwan , Kim Jeong Min , Park Sun Hyung , Lee Sam Yong 
Published: May 2012

Background Immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy and delayed breast reconstruction with post-supplementary treatment are the two types of breast reconstruction currently performed when treating breast cancer. Post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) not only reduces local recurrence but also improves overall survival. However, the complications and survival rates associated with PMRT need to be clear when determining the timing of breast reconstruction. Accordingly, we investigated the optimal timing of breast reconstruction by observing patients who underwent mastectomy followed by PMRT, based on their overall health and aesthetic satisfaction.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed 21 patients who underwent breast reconstruction with PMRT between November 2004 and November 2010. We collected data regarding the various methods of mastectomy, and the modality of adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiotherapy. Telephone interviews were conducted to study the general and aesthetic satisfaction.
Results Patients who received PMRT after breast reconstruction showed a greater complication rate than those undergoing breast reconstruction after PMRT (P=0.02). Aesthetic satisfaction was significantly higher in the groups undergoing breast reconstruction after PMRT (P=0.03). Patients who underwent breast reconstruction before PMRT developed complications more frequently, but they expressed greater aesthetic satisfaction with the treatment.
Conclusions It is recommended that the complication rates and aesthetic satisfaction after breast reconstruction be carefully considered when determining the optimal timing for radiotherapy.
Novel Biodegradable and Biocompatible Poly(3‐hydroxyoctanoate)/Bacterial Cellulose Composites
Authors: Basnett Pooja , Knowles Jonathan C. , Pishbin Fatemah , Smith Caroline , Keshavarz Tajalli , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Roy Ipsita 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNovel poly(3‐hydroxyoctanoate), P(3HO), and bacterial cellulose composites have been developed. P(3HO) is hydrophobic in nature whereas bacterial cellulose is extremely hydrophilic in nature. Therefore, homogenized bacterial cellulose has been chemically modified in order to achieve compatibility with the P(3HO) matrix. Modified bacterial cellulose microcrystals and P(3HO) have been physically blended and solvent casted into two‐dimensional composite films. Mechanical characterization shows that the Young's modulus of the P(3HO)/bacterial cellulose composites is significantly higher in comparison to the neat P(3HO) film. The melting temperature (Tm) of the composites is lower while the glass transition temperature (Tg) is higher than the neat P(3HO) film. Also, the composite film has a rougher surface topography as compared to the neat P(3HO) film. A month's in vitro degradation study has been carried out in Dulbeccos modified eagle medium and in phosphate buffer saline. The incorporation of modified bacterial cellulose microcrystal in the P(3HO) film has increased the degradability of the composite film. Finally, in vitro biocompatibility studies using human microvascular endothelial cells established the biocompatibility of the P(3HO)/bacterial cellulose microcrystal films. The cell proliferation was 50–110% higher on the P(3HO)/bacterial cellulose composites as compared to the neat P(3HO) film. Hence, in this study, for the first time, P(3HO)/bacterial cellulose composites have been developed. The addition of bacterial cellulose has resulted in properties that are highly desirable for medical applications including the development of biodegradable stents.
Nationwide energy supply chain analysis for hybrid feedstock processes with significant CO2 emissions reduction
Authors: Elia Josephine A. , Baliban Richard C. , Floudas Christodoulos A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntegrating diverse energy sources to produce cost‐competitive fuels requires efficient resource management. An optimization framework is proposed for a nationwide energy supply chain network using hybrid coal, biomass, and natural gas to liquids (CBGTL) facilities, which are individually optimized with simultaneous heat, power, and water integration using 162 distinct combinations of feedstock types, capacities, and carbon conversion levels. The model integrates the upstream and downstream operations of the facilities, incorporating the delivery of feedstocks, fuel products, electricity supply, water, and CO2 sequestration, with their geographical distributions. Quantitative economic trade‐offs are established between supply chain configurations that (a) replace petroleum‐based fuels by 100%, 75%, and 50% and (b) utilize the current energy infrastructures. Results suggest that cost‐competitive fuels for the US transportation sector can be produced using domestically available coal, natural gas, and sustainably harvested biomass via an optimal network of CBGTL plants with significant GHG emissions reduction from petroleum‐based processes. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Paternal age effect on age of onset in bipolar I disorder is mediated by sex and family history
Authors: Grigoroiu‐Serbanescu Maria , Wickramaratne Priya J. , Mihailescu Radu , Prelipceanu Dan , Sima Dorina , Codreanu Marina , Grimberg Mihaela , Elston Robert C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study investigated for the first time in the psychiatric literature the effect of parental age on age‐of‐onset (AO) in bipolar I disorder (BPI) in relation to proband sex and family history (FH) for major psychoses in a sample of 564 BPI probands. All probands, 72.68% of their first‐degree and 12.13% of their second‐degree relatives were directly interviewed. The FH‐method was used for all unavailable relatives. The diagnoses were made according to DSM‐IVTR. The impact of parental age on proband early/late AO was evaluated through logistic regression with the cut‐off for early AO determined through commingling analysis. We found evidence for a significant influence of increasing paternal age, and especially age ≥35 years, on AO of BPI disorder in the total sample (OR = 0.54, CI: 0.35–0.80), in the female subsample (OR = 0.44, CI: 0.25–0.78), in the sporadic subsample (OR = 0.64, CI: 0.38–0.95), and in the subsample with FH of recurrent unipolar major depression (Mdd‐RUP) (OR = 0.55, CI: 0.34–0.87). No significant effect of paternal age on disease AO was found in patients with FH of bipolar (BP), schizoaffective disorders (SA), or schizophrenia (SCZ), nor in males. Mean age was significantly higher in fathers of sporadic cases and of cases with FH of Mdd‐RUP than in fathers of cases with FH of BP/SA/SCZ (P = 0.011). Maternal age had no significant effect either in the total sample or in subsamples defined by proband sex or FH. In conclusion, in our sample increasing paternal age lowered the onset of BPI selectively, the effect being related to the female sex and FH‐type. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.