bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from renal cell cancer: treatment attempt with radiation and sunitinib (case report)
Authors: Dalhaug Astrid , Haukland Ellinor , Nieder Carsten 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in a patient with known brain and lung metastases from renal cell cancer without previous systemic therapy is presented. Neoplastic meningitis (NM) developed 31 months after first diagnosis of simultaneous extra- and intracranial recurrence of kidney cancer and surgical resection of a cerebellar metastasis. In spite of local radiotherapy to the macroscopic NM lesions in the cervical and lumbar spine followed by initiation of sunitinib, the patient succumbed to his disease 4 months after the diagnosis of NM. The untreated lung metastases progressed very slowly during almost 3 years of observation. This case illustrates important issues around both biological behaviour and treatment approaches in metastatic renal cell cancer.
Kainic acid-induced microglial activation is attenuated in aged interleukin-18 deficient mice
Authors: Zhang Xing-Mei , Jin Tao , Quezada Hernan Concha , Mix Eilhard , Winblad Bengt , Zhu Jie 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background
Previously, we found that interleukin (IL)-18 deficiency aggravates kainic acid (KA)-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in young C57BL/6 mice due to an over-compensation by IL-12. Additionally, IL-18 participates in fundamental inflammatory processes that increase during aging. In the present study, we were interested in the role of IL-18 in KA-induced neurodegeneration in aged female C57BL/6 mice.

Methods
Fifteen aged female IL-18 knockout (KO) and 15 age-matched wild-type (WT) mice (18 to 19 months old) were treated with KA at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight intranasally. Seizure activities and behavioral changes were rated using a 6-point scoring system and open-field test, respectively. Seven days after KA treatment, degenerating neurons were detected by Nissl's method and Fluoro-Jade B staining; and microglial activation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.

Results
Aged female IL-18 KO and WT mice showed similar responses to treatment with KA as demonstrated by comparable seizure activities, behavioral changes and neuronal cell death. However, aged female IL-18 KO mice failed to exhibit the strong microglial activation shown in WT mice. Interestingly, even though the number of activated microglia was less in KA-treated IL-18 KO mice than in KA-treated WT mice, the proportion of microglia that expressed the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and IL-10 was higher in KA-treated IL-18 KO mice.

Conclusion
Deficiency of IL-18 attenuates microglial activation after KA-induced excitotoxicity in aged brain, while the net effects of IL-18 deficiency are balanced by the enhancement of other cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10.
Air pollution research: visualization of research activity using density-equalizing mapping and scientometric benchmarking procedures
Authors: Zell Hanna , Quarcoo David , Scutaru Cristian , Vitzthum Karin , Uibel Stefanie , Schöffel Norman , Mache Stefanie , Groneberg David A , Spallek Michael F 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background
Due to constantly rising air pollution levels as well as an increasing awareness of the hazardousness of air pollutants, new laws and rules have recently been passed. Although there has been a large amount of research on this topic, bibliometric data is still to be collected. Thus this study provides a scientometric approach to the material published on this subject so far.

Methods
For this purpose, data retrieved from the "Web of Science" provided by the Thomson Scientific Institute was analyzed and visualized both with density-equalizing methods and classic data-processing methods such as tables and charts.

Results
For the time span between 1955 and 2006, 26,253 items were listed and related to the topic of air pollution, published by 124 countries in 24 different languages. General citation activity has been constantly increasing since the beginning of the examined period. However, beginning with the year 1991, citation levels have been rising exponentially each year, reaching 39,220 citations in the year 2006. The United States, the UK and Germany were the three most productive countries in the area, with English and German ranked first and second in publishing languages, followed by French. An article published by Dockery, Pope, Xu et al. was both the most cited in total numbers and in average citation rate. J. Schwartz was able to claim the highest total number of citations on his publications, while D.W. Dockery has the highest citation rate per publication. As to the subject areas the items are assigned with, the most item were published in Environmental Sciences, followed by Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences and Public, Environmental & Occupational Health. Nine out of the ten publishing journals with more than 300 entries dealt with environmental interests and one dealt with epidemiology.

Conclusions
Using the method of density-equalizing mapping and further common data processing procedures, it can be concluded that scientific work concerning air pollution and related topics enjoys unbrokenly growing scientific interest. This can be observed both in publication numbers and in citation activity.
The likelihood of persistent arthritis increases with the level of anti-citrullinated peptide antibody and immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor: a longitudinal study of 376 patients with very early undifferentiated arthritis
Authors: Mjaavatten Maria D , Heijde Désirée van der , Uhlig Till , Haugen Anne J , Nygaard Halvor , Sidenvall Göran , Helgetveit Knut , Kvien Tore K 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Introduction
We wanted to assess the importance of the levels of anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) rheumatoid factor (RF) in predicting development of persistent arthritis from undifferentiated arthritis (UA), and to investigate whether there is an added predictive value for persistent arthritis in testing for both anti-CCP and IgM RF.

Methods
Patients with UA (exclusion of definite non-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnoses) included in the Norwegian very early arthritis clinic were assessed for development of persistent arthritic disease. The effect of antibody level on the likelihood of persistent arthritis was investigated, and the sensitivity and specificity for persistent arthritis for anti-CCP and IgM RF, separately and combined, was determined.

Results
A total of 376 UA patients were included (median arthritis duration 32 days). 59 (15.7%) patients were IgM RF positive, and 62 (16.5%) anti-CCP positive. One hundred, seventy-four (46.3%) had persistent disease after one year. Overlap of anti-CCP and IgM RF positivity was 58%. Sensitivity/specificity for persistent arthritis was 28/95% for IgM RF alone, 30/95% for anti-CCP alone, and 37/92% for positivity of both anti-CCP and IgM RF. The likelihood for persistent disease increased with increasing levels of both anti-CCP and IgM RF.

Conclusions
The likelihood of developing persistent arthritis in UA patients increases with the level of anti-CCP and IgM RF. Testing both anti-CCP and IgM RF has added predictive value in UA patients. This study suggests that antibody level should be taken into account when making risk assessments in patients with UA.
Endotoxemia-induced inflammation and the effect on the human brain
Authors: van den Boogaard Mark , Ramakers Bart P , van Alfen Nens , van der Werf Sieberen P , Fick Wilhelmina F , Hoedemaekers Cornelia W , Verbeek Marcel M , Schoonhoven Lisette , van der Hoeven Johannes G , Pickkers Peter 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Effects of systemic inflammation on cerebral function are not clear, as both inflammation-induced encephalopathy as well as stress-hormone mediated alertness have been described.

Methods
Experimental endotoxemia (2 ng/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) was induced in 15 subjects, whereas 10 served as controls. Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL1-RA and IL-10), cortisol, brain specific proteins (BSP), electroencephalography (EEG) and cognitive function tests (CFTs) were determined.

Results
Following LPS infusion, circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and cortisol increased (P < 0.0001). BSP changes stayed within the normal range, in which neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100-β changed significantly. Except in one subject with a mild encephalopathic episode, without cognitive dysfunction, endotoxemia induced no clinically relevant EEG changes. Quantitative EEG analysis showed a higher state of alertness detected by changes in the central region, and peak frequency in the occipital region. Improved CFTs during endotoxemia was found to be due to a practice effect as CFTs improved to the same extent in the reference group. Cortisol significantly correlated with a higher state of alertness detected on the EEG. Increased IL-10 and the decreased NSE both correlated with improvement of working memory and with psychomotor speed capacity. No other significant correlations between cytokines, cortisol, EEG, CFT and BSP were found.

Conclusions
Short-term systemic inflammation does not provoke or explain the occurrence of septic encephalopathy, but primarily results in an inflammation-mediated increase in cortisol and alertness.

Trial registration
NCT00513110.
Fragile X mental retardation protein has a unique, evolutionarily conserved neuronal function not shared with FXR1P or FXR2P
Authors: Coffee R. Lane , Tessier Charles R. , Woodruff Elvin A. , Broadie Kendal 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYFragile X syndrome (FXS), resulting solely from the loss of function of the human fragile X mental retardation 1 (hFMR1) gene, is the most common heritable cause of mental retardation and autism disorders, with syndromic defects also in non-neuronal tissues. In addition, the human genome encodes two closely related hFMR1 paralogs: hFXR1 and hFXR2. The Drosophila genome, by contrast, encodes a single dFMR1 gene with close sequence homology to all three human genes. Drosophila that lack the dFMR1 gene (dfmr1 null mutants) recapitulate FXS-associated molecular, cellular and behavioral phenotypes, suggesting that FMR1 function has been conserved, albeit with specific functions possibly sub-served by the expanded human gene family. To test evolutionary conservation, we used tissue-targeted transgenic expression of all three human genes in the Drosophila disease model to investigate function at (1) molecular, (2) neuronal and (3) non-neuronal levels. In neurons, dfmr1 null mutants exhibit elevated protein levels that alter the central brain and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synaptic architecture, including an increase in synapse area, branching and bouton numbers. Importantly, hFMR1 can, comparably to dFMR1, fully rescue both the molecular and cellular defects in neurons, whereas hFXR1 and hFXR2 provide absolutely no rescue. For non-neuronal requirements, we assayed male fecundity and testes function. dfmr1 null mutants are effectively sterile owing to disruption of the 9+2 microtubule organization in the sperm tail. Importantly, all three human genes fully and equally rescue mutant fecundity and spermatogenesis defects. These results indicate that FMR1 gene function is evolutionarily conserved in neural mechanisms and cannot be compensated by either FXR1 or FXR2, but that all three proteins can substitute for each other in non-neuronal requirements. We conclude that FMR1 has a neural-specific function that is distinct from its paralogs, and that the unique FMR1 function is responsible for regulating neuronal protein expression and synaptic connectivity.
In vitro bioactivity and crystallization behavior of bioactive glass in the system SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-P2O5-Na2O-MgO-CaF2
Authors: Erol Melek 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study, bioactivity of glass in the system SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-P2O5-Na2O-MgO-CaF2 was investigated. For this purpose, a glass sample was prepared by the traditional melting method. Crystallization behavior of bioactive glass was also investigated using differential thermal analyses. The Avrami constant of bioactive glass sample calculated according to the Ozawa equation was 3.72 ± 0.4, which indicates bulk crystallization. Using the Matusita-Sakka and the Kissinger equations, activation energy of crystal growth was determined as (394 ± 17) kJ mol−1 and (373 ± 12) kJ mol−1, respectively. These results indicate that the crystallization activation energy data of bioactive glass obtained in this study are accurate and reliable. Bioactivity of the resultant glass sample was analyzed by immersion in simulated body fluid. Scanning electron microscopy, thin film X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma techniques were used to monitor changes in the glass surface and the simulated body fluid composition. The results revealed that a hydroxyapatite layer was formed on the glass surface after 21 days of immersion in SBF. Formation of the hydroxyapatite layer confirmed the bioactivity of the glass in the system SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-P2O5-Na2O-MgO-CaF2. In addition, physical and mechanical properties of the sample were measured to determine changes in the properties with the immersion time. The results show that bioactive glass maintained its strength during the immersion in a simulated body fluid solution.
Euphorbia antisyphilitica residues as a new source of ellagic acid
Authors: Ascacio-Valdés Juan , Aguilera-Carbó Antonio , Martínez-Hernández José , Rodríguez-Herrera Raúl , Aguilar Cristóbal 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study, a new source of ellagic acid (EA) is reported. Euphorbia antisyphilitica or “candelilla” was used to extract phenolic dilactone. Cereous layers and fibrous tissue were analyzed. A completely randomized experimental design with a treatment factorial arrangement was employed. The factors considered were: plant/extracting agent ratio, extraction temperature and time. Candelilla wax does not contain EA. Temperature and the ratio plant/extracting agent were determinant during the EA extraction process. Around 20 mg of free EA per gram of fibrous tissue were found. Residues of candelilla are a good source of EA.
Comparative evaluation of critical operating conditions for a tubular catalytic reactor using thermal sensitivity and loss-of-stability criteria
Authors: Maria Gheorghe , Ştefan Dragoş-Nicolae 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOptimal operation of a chemical reactor according to various performance criteria often drives the system towards critical boundaries. Thus, precise evaluation of runaway limits in the parametric space becomes a crucial problem not only for the reactor’s safe operation, but also for over-designing the system. However, obtaining an accurate estimate for operating limits is a difficult task due to the limited validity of kinetic models describing complex processes, as well as the inherent fluctuations of the system’s properties (catalyst, raw-material quality). This paper presents a comparison of several effective methods of deriving critical conditions for the case of a tubular fixed-bed catalytic reactor used for aniline production in the vapour phase. Even though the methods being compared are related to one another, the generalised sensitivity criterion of Morbidelli-Varma (MV) seems to be more robust, not depending on a particular parameter being perturbed, when compared to the criteria that detect an incipient loss of system stability in the critical region (i.e., div-methods based on the system’s Jacobian and Green’s function matrix analysis). Combined application of div- and MV criteria allows for an accurate evaluation of the distance from the reactor’s nominal conditions to the safety limits.
Forestry and water budget of the lowlands in northeast Germany — consequences for the choice of tree species and for forest management
Authors: Müller Jürgen 
Published: May 2010

Forestry and water budget of the lowlands in northeast Germany — consequences for the choice of tree species and for forest management
The lowlands in northeast Germany are among the driest and at the same time the most densely wooded regions in Germany. Low annual precipitation between 500 and 600 mm and the light sandy soils with their low water storage capacity and high porosity lead to limited water availability. Therefore the hydrological functions of forests play an important role in the fields of regional water budget, water supply and water distribution. To investigate the water consumption of different tree species, lysimeters were installed at Britz near Eberswalde under comparable site conditions. Nine large-scale lysimeters, each with an area of 100 m2 and 5 m deep, were built in the early 1970s. In 1974 the lysimeters were planted with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), larch (Larix decidua L.) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) as experimental stands of 0.3 ha each according to the usual management practices. The areas surrounding the lysimeters were planted similarly. The tree species is of outstanding importance for deep seepage under forest stands. Under the given precipitation and soil conditions, the course of interception and hence, the amount of seepage water depend on the crown structure in the stand. Depending on the amount of interception of the tree canopy and the duration of the leaching phase in spring, the mixed stands range between pure pine and pure beech. Making use of silvicultural methods and adequate stand treatment, forestry is able to control the water budget of landscapes.
Estimation and economic valuation of the forest retention capacities
Authors: Tyszka Jan 
Published: May 2010

Estimation and economic valuation of the forest retention capacities
Based on results concerning the forest impact on water cycling an attempt was undertaken to evaluate water retention in forests. The economic value of water retention was established assuming the cost of water storage in small reservoirs built in forest areas. Calculations did not account for differences resulting from different functions of naturally retained water and that stored with the use of technical methods. Considering volume and time of water retention in forests, the annual value of natural water retention in forests calculated per average hectare of the country area was estimated at 800 zł.
Modern fluvial sediment provenance and pollutant tracing: a case study from the Dřevnice River Basin (eastern Moravia, Czech Republic)
Authors: Nehyba Slavomír , Adamová Marie , Faimon Jiří , Kuchovský Tomáš , Holoubek Ivan , Zeman Josef 
Published: May 2010

Modern fluvial sediment provenance and pollutant tracing: a case study from the Dřevnice River Basin (eastern Moravia, Czech Republic)Modern fluvial deposits of a small fluvial system were studied in the area of eastern Moravia (Czech Republic) with the aim of determining the provenance of the deposits and weathering processes. Identification of the source rocks and their alongstream variations were used for the evaluation of the natural or anthropogenic source of the heavy metals. Paleogene flysch sandstones, flysch mudstones and Quaternary loesses represent source rocks and reflect both the role of recycling and local sources. Provenance from sandstones dominate upstream whereas mudstones represent dominant source rock in the downstream part of the fluvial system. The contents of Pb and Zn are highly enhanced when compared with the natural background in the entire study area. Their anthropogenic source is connected with the rubber/shoe manufacturing industry and traffic. The contents of Cr, Co, Cu, Ni and V are usually lower in modern deposits than in the identified source rocks.
Combining Statistical and Rule-Based Approaches to Morphological Tagging of Czech Texts
Authors: Spoustová Drahomíra 
Published: May 2010

Combining Statistical and Rule-Based Approaches to Morphological Tagging of Czech Texts
This article is an extract of the PhD thesis (Spoustová, 2007) and it extends the article (Spoustová et al., 2007). Several hybrid disambiguation methods are described which combine the strength of hand-written disambiguation rules and statistical taggers. Three different statistical taggers (HMM, Maximum-Entropy and Averaged Perceptron) and a large set of hand-written rules are used in a tagging experiment using Prague Dependency Treebank. The results of the hybrid system are better than any other method tried for Czech tagging so far.
Semantic Network Manual Annotation and its Evaluation
Authors: Novák Václav 
Published: May 2010

Semantic Network Manual Annotation and its Evaluation
The present contribution is a brief extract of (Novák, 2008). The Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) is a valuable resource of linguistic information annotated on several layers. These layers range from morphemic to deep and they should contain all the linguistic information about the text. The natural extension is to add a semantic layer suitable as a knowledge base for tasks like question answering, information extraction etc. In this paper I set up criteria for this representation, explore the possible formalisms for this task and discuss their properties. One of them, Multilayered Extended Semantic Networks (Multi-Net), is chosen for further investigation. Its properties are described and an annotation process set up. I discuss some practical modifications of MultiNet for the purpose of manual annotation. MultiNet elements are compared to the elements of the deep linguistic layer of PDT. The tools and problems of the annotation process are presented and initial annotation data evaluated.
Memory-Based Machine Translation and Language Modeling
Authors: van den Bosch Antal , Berck Peter 
Published: May 2010

Memory-Based Machine Translation and Language Modeling
We describe a freely available open source memory-based machine translation system, mbmt. Its translation model is a fast approximate memory-based classifier, trained to map trigrams of source-language words onto trigrams of target-language words. In a second decoding step, the predicted trigrams are rearranged according to their overlap, and candidate output sequences are ranked according to a memory-based language model. We report on the scaling abilities of the memory-based approach, observing fast training and testing times, and linear scaling behavior in speed and memory costs. The system is released as an open source software package1, for which we provide a first reference guide.
CzEng 0.9: Large Parallel Treebank with Rich Annotation
Authors: Bojar Ondřej , Žabokrtský Zdeněk 
Published: May 2010

CzEng 0.9: Large Parallel Treebank with Rich Annotation
We describe our ongoing efforts in collecting a Czech-English parallel corpus CzEng. The paper provides full details on the current version 0.9 and focuses on its new features: (1) data from new sources were added, most importantly a few hundred electronically available books, technical documentation and also some parallel web pages, (2) the full corpus has been automatically annotated up to the tectogrammatical layer (surface and deep syntactic analysis), (3) sentence segmentation has been refined, and (4) several heuristic filters to improve corpus quality were implemented. In total, we provide a sentence-aligned automatic parallel treebank of about 8.0 million sentences, 93 million English and 82 million Czech words. CzEng 0.9 is freely available for non-commercial research purposes.