bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentelle Untersuchungen über erbliche Meningocele cerebralis beim Schwein. I. Zuchtversuche und genetische Analyse
Authors: Meyer H. , Trautwein G. 
Published: March 2010

In einem Schweinebestand (Rasse Buntes Schwein) wurden nach Ankauf eines neuen Ebers in mehreren Würfen Ferkel mit kongenitalen Kopfmissbildungen in Form von Meningocelen und Meningoencephalocelen beobachtet. In Zuchtversuchen mit diesen Tieren bzw. ihren Nachkommen konnten die Erkrankungen reproduziert werden. Bei der Paarung von Anlageträgern waren von 122 Ferkeln 28 missgebildet (23%), während bei Paarungen von Anlageträgern mit Merkmalsträgern unter 55 Nachkommen 13 missgebildete Ferkel (24%) beobachtet wurden. Die überlebensrate der defekten Ferkel lag unter 50%. Geschlecht, Jahreszeit und Karotingehalt des Futters übten keinen nachhaltigen Einfluss auf Häufigkeit oder Grad der Missbildung aus. Durch die Zuchtversuche wurde die Erblichkeit der Meningocele bzw. Meningoencephalocele beim Bunten Schwein bewiesen, der Erbgang konnte jedoch nicht geklärt werden.
Histopathogenesis of Porcine Polioencephalomyelitis in the Germ Free Pig
Authors: Holman J. E. , Koestner A. , Kasza L. 
Published: March 2010

Twenty-four germ free pigs were used to study the disease produced by oral inoculation of a porcine polioencephalomyelitis virus. Fever and diarrhea were noted in all pigs after the seventh post-inoculation day; neurological signs were generally mild. Lesions of polioencephalomyelitis occurred in all pigs killed 7 or more days following inoculation. The initial lesions were those of neuronal degeneration. Perivascular cuffing, cellular infiltrations, and neuronophagia were most marked 10 to 14 days following inoculation. The spinal cord and associated dorsal root ganglia were the sites of most severe lesions. A decreasing frequency of lesions was apparent in anterior areas of the brain stem. Changes in the cerebellum and rhinencephalon were sparse and they were rare in the cerebral cortex. Lesions in the adrenal gland were noted during the initial stages of virus infection and suggested a possible extraneural site of virus multiplication. The pathogenesis of central nervous system infection was discussed and the blood vascular system was favored as the portal of viral entry.
Hypophysarer Zwergwuchs beim Deutschen Schäferhund [Pituitary Dwarfism in a German Shepherd Dog—author's trans]
Authors: Müller-Peddinghaus R. , El Etreby M. F. , Siefert J. , Ranke M. 
Published: March 2010

Pituitary Dwarfism in a German Shepherd Dog Pituitary dwarfism has been described in more than 20 German shepherd dogs. Some cases probably were caused by persistent cysts of Rathke's pouch. This is the first histopathological, immunohistochemical and endocrinological study. A 13-month-old, 7-kg, dwarf purebred German shepherd bitch with alopecia and hyper pigmentation was admitted to the clinic for euthanasia. Retardation of growth was noticed when the dog was about two months old. No littermates had this condition. Two subsequent breedings from the same parents produced normal offspring. The clinical parameters in our dog (hematology, function of liver and kidney) were normal. Grossly, the pituitary gland had small and large multiple cysts, which light microscopy showed to be exclusively within the adenohypophysis. The latter had pressure atrophy, and immunohistochemically showed only remnants of the hormone-producing cells (growth hormone—GH; prolactin—PRL; thyrotropin—TSH; luteinizing hormone—LH; adrenocorticotrophin—ACTH/MSH). The thyroid was relatively small, and histologically showed focally resting follicles without lumen. Endocrinological studies showed a surprisingly high value for serum growth hormone (cGH 4.1 ng/ml; normal range 1.8–3.8 ng/ml as determined by a specific homologous radioimmunoassay) and a pathologically low serum somatomedin (SM 0.132; normal value more than 0.50 unit/ml, determined by 35S incorporation in piglet rib cartilage). Hypothyroidism was verified by a low T4 binding value (T4 0.9 μg/100 ml; normal 4.1 ± 0.9 μg/100 ml) and a low thyroid binding index (TBI 0.54; normal 0.61 ± 0.05). While ACTH was lowered (ACTH <10 pg/ml; normal 74–210 pg/ml), cortisol was normal (0.81 μg/100 ml; normal 0.5–2.5 μg/100 ml). Pituitary dwarfism in the 13-month-old bitch can be ascribed to the persistence of one end of the ductus craniopharyngeus. Rathke's pouch. Pressure atrophy of the adenohypophysis led to the loss of most of the hormone-producing tissue. An increase in growth hormone with lowered somatomedin raises questions. We have no conclusive explanation for this, due to the present lack of knowledge of how growth is regulated. High growth hormone and low somatomedin values are found in Laron's syndrome in infants. The literature indicates that pituitary dwarfism in German shepherd dogs may be a hereditary autosomal recessive trait.
Neoplasien der Haut bei einem wildfarbenen Inzuchtstamm von Mastomys natalensis (WSA Gießen)
Authors: Rudolph R. L. 
Published: March 2010

This is the first report on spontaneous and experimentally induced skin neoplasms of a wild-colored, black-eyed inbred line of Mastomys natalensis (WSA Gießen). Seventeen spontaneous skin tumors from four animals and two experimentally induced tumors from two animals were examined. Routine histology and electron microscopy were done. For the transmission experiments, tumor suspension containing tumor cells and virus was applied to the depilated and scarified skin of the lumbar region of young Mastomys natalensis. The tumor suspension contained a mixture of squamous cell carcinoma and so-called keratoacanthoma cells, both taken from another inbred line of Mastomys natalensis (GRA Gießen). Depilation was done by application of aqueous suspension of equal parts of strontium sulfide and talcum powder. Narcosis was achieved by administration of 40 mg/kg body weight of sodium pentobarbital. The 17 spontaneous neoplasms included 13 so-called keratoacanthomas, 2 squamous cell carcinomas, I papilloma and 3 localized epithelial proliferations. The two experimentally induced neoplasms were so-called keratoacanthomas. All tumors grew slowly and neither spontaneous regression nor metastasis was seen. All neoplasms showed keratinizing epidermal proliferation, with the greatest increase in prickle cells and granulosum cells. Two spontaneous and two experimentally induced “keratoacanthomas” were observed under an electron microscope. Papilloma-like virus particles were seen in all four. The virus particles were spaced regularly throughout the nuclei of the upper part of the granulosum cells and between parts of disintegrated cells of the horny layers. The spontaneous and experimentally induced neoplasms of this WSA-line correspond to those of another inbred line (GRA Gießen) of Mastomys natalensis. The tumors are mutually transmissible. Both inbred lines are suitable for propagation of the Mastomys natalensis papilloma virus and for studying in greater detail the biological behaviour of this oncogenic agent in epithelial skin cells.
Equine Onchocerciasis: Lesions in the Nuchal Ligament of Midwestern U.S. Horses
Authors: Schmidt G. M. , Krehbiel J. D. , Coley S. C. , Leid R. W. 
Published: March 2010

Nuchal ligaments from midwestern U.S. horses infected with adult Onchocerca sp. were studied. The prevalence of Onchocerca sp. infection in horses increased with age. Ten percent of horses less than one year old were infected, 28% of horses one to five years old, 48% of horses six to 15 years old, and 90% of horses over 16 years old. Lesions in Onchocerca sp.-infected nuchal ligaments varied with age of the horse. Horses less than five years old had few or no lesions, whereas most horses six to 15 years old had focal mineralization and granuloma formation around adult worms. In infected nuchal ligaments of horses over 16 years old, mineralization was much greater and fewer normal parasites were found. Our data suggest that infection by viable parasites is terminated naturally.
Pathology of Experimental CV777 Coronavirus Enteritis in Piglets. I. Histological and Histochemical Study
Authors: Coussement W. , Ducatelle R. , Debouck P. , Hoorens J. 
Published: March 2010

Sixteen cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived piglets were infected oronasally with CV777 coronavirus on the second or third day of life. Two uninfected piglets were controls. They were killed at 96 and 120 hours after birth. After an incubation period of 22 to 36 hours, all principals showed severe diarrhea. The principals were killed between 12 and 120 hours after infection.Exfoliation of enterocytes was seen first in the piglet killed 24 hours after infection (two hours after the diarrhea began). From that time on, shortening and fusion of villi was present in all small intestinal parts. Affected cells showed vacuolation. The histochemical study showed that infected piglets had decreased activity of all four enzymes studied. The light microscope showed no lesions in the absorptive colonic epithelium.The significance of the lesions in relation to intestinal dysfunction is discussed, and lesions are compared to those of transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine rotavirus infection.
Sequential Pathological Study of Experimental Porcine Adenovirus Enteritis
Authors: Ducatelle R. , Coussement W. , Hoorens J. 
Published: March 2010

The sequential enteric lesions of experimental porcine adenovirus strain 6618 infection were studied in 18 hysterotomy-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets, by histology, transmission electron microscopy, and an immunoperoxidase technique.Viral particles could be seen in altered epithelial cells of the lower small intestine from 24 hours until 16 days after inoculation. With the immunoperoxidase technique, viral antigen could be found in epithelial cells at 45 days after challenge.Destruction of epithelial cells and shortening of villi could be related directly to the presence of the virus.Histology of the lower jejunum and ileum, which demonstrates intranuclear inclusion bodies, is proposed as a useful diagnostic technique.
Ultrastructural Evaluation of Acute Encephalitis and Hydrocephalus in Dogs Caused by Canine Parainfluenza Virus
Authors: Baumgärtner W. K. , Krakowka S. , Koestner A. , Everman J. 
Published: March 2010

Intracranial infection of neonatal dogs with canine parainfluenza virus (strain 78–238) progressed from an acute phase of encephalitis to a chronic phase of internal hydrocephalus. Acute encephalitis was characterized ultrastructurally by laminar cortical necrosis, neuronal degeneration, neocapillary formation, reactive gliosis, and ependymitis. Viral nucleocapsids were seen in the cytoplasm of neurons.Ultrastructural lesions in hydrocephalic dogs were restricted to ventricular surfaces. The earliest light microscopic change in ependymal cells occurred four weeks post-infection and consisted of segmental loss of ependymal cells. Dogs killed at three and six months postinfection had quantitatively similar ultrastructural alterations in ependymal cells regardless of the extent and severity of hydrocephalus. The shape of these cells changed from cuboidal to squamous. There was progressive loss of cilia and cell organelles along with a concomitant increase of cytoplasmic filaments. Viral nucleocapsids and inflammatory cells were not present in convalescent hydrocephalic dogs. These results suggested that virus-associated hydrocephalus can occur in the absence of obvious viral persistence in ependymal cells and in the absence of inflammation in the ventricular system.
Ameloblastoma and Keratinizing Ameloblastoma in Dogs
Authors: Dubielzig R. R. , Thrall D. E. 
Published: March 2010

Ameloblastomas reviewed in this report were locally invasive neoplasms arising from the epithelial structures of the dental lamina, and were characterized histologically by features which are unique to dental lamina epithelium. These include the formation of epithelial sheets in which the cells nearest the stroma form a palisading row aligned perpendicularly to the basement membrane and the cells toward the center separate from each other except at desmosomal attachments. This is similar to the appearance of the stellate reticulum of the early enamel organ. Other features include epithelial cords which branch and interconnect, and the intimate association of epithelial structures and collagenous matrix. In our dogs, other important features were the deposition of inclusions similar in appearance to enamel matrix between the cells of the epithelium and various degrees of keratinization. All ameloblastomas studied were locally invasive tumors which occurred at various sites on the gingiva. The average age of the dogs was 8.7 years and the age range was three to 13 years. Radiographically, all of the tumors studied resulted in periodontal osteolysis. Six dogs were treated with radiation therapy, but details of the radiotherapy of two dogs could not be located. Of the other four dogs, one is alive 48 months after radiotherapy with no evidence of tumor regrowth. Regrowth of the oral tumor was apparent in the other three dogs six, 21, and 34 months after completion of the radiotherapy. Three dogs were treated by radical mandibulectomy; all are alive with no evidence of tumor recurrence at two, 20, and 28 months postoperatively. Two dogs had local dissection (curettage) of tumors and the tumors recurred at 12 and 15 months after surgery. One dog was euthanatized after diagnosis of the oral tumor because of a progressive neuropathy.
The Effects of Dietary T-2 Toxin on Acute Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Mice
Authors: Friend S. C. E. , Schiefer H. B. , Babiuk L. A. 
Published: March 2010

Young male white Swiss mice were fed control diet or diet supplemented with 20 or 10 parts per million (ppm) of T-2 toxin for two or three weeks. These mice then were inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (9.6 x 106 plaque forming units) intraperitoneally. To compare the effects of T-2 toxin against a known immunosuppressive drug, cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg, 24 hours after treatment with HSV-1, into mice fed the control diet. Mice were necropsied and tissues were collected for microscopic and virologic examination. White Swiss mice which consumed a daily diet containing 20 ppm of T-2 toxin for two or three weeks were highly susceptible to HSV-1 infection and 27 of 36 (75%) died as a result of extensive hepatic and adrenal necrosis. Although HSV-1 was isolated from livers and brains of mice fed 20 ppm of T-2 toxin for two or three weeks, there was little or no inflammatory response found in the adrenals, livers, spinal cords, brains, or ganglia. The necrotizing encephalomyelitis observed in control mice was absent. High levels of dietary T-2 toxin appeared to be more immunosuppressive than cyclophosphamide because only one mouse died after treatment with HSV-1 and cyclophosphamide. Mice treated with cyclophosphamide had changes in brain, spinal cord, spleens, thymus, and bone marrow which were similar to those fed 20 ppm of T-2 toxin and infected with HSV-1, however, liver lesions were much less severe. HSV-1-infected mice on a diet with 10 ppm T-2 toxin had lesions of intermediate severity when compared with HSV-1-infected mice fed a diet with 20 ppm T-2 toxin and HSV-1-infected mice on control diets. Necrosis was less extensive in the livers and adrenals. The infrequent isolation of virus from liver and brain was consistent with the lack of intranuclear inclusion bodies and a more marked inflammatory response. Ten ppm of dietary T-2 toxin only depressed bone marrow and splenic red pulp to a mild or moderate degree. This may have enhanced the necrotizing encephalomyelitis observed in mice killed on days 6 and 8 after HSV-1 infection. Liver lesions were mild and those of the adrenals were moderate in mice fed control diet. The rare isolation of HSV-1 from the liver and brain and the finding of a moderate to severe necrotizing encephalomyelitis in these mice was consistent with an essentially functional immune system.
Accumulation of 2,8 Dihydroxyadenine in Bovine Liver, Kidneys, and Lymph Nodes
Authors: McCaskey P. C. , Rigsby W. E. , Hinton D. M. , Friedlander L. , Hurst V. J. 
Published: March 2010

A variety of tissues from 20 cattle slaughtered at federally inspected facilities contained abundant light green to greenish-yellow material. Gross lesions were most common in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes. Less frequent lesions were present in the mediastinal, renal, intercostal, and gastric lymph nodes. The material was most prominent in the portal triads, and in the medullary sinuses of the lymph nodes, at times occupying up to one half of the nodal mass. Renal calculi were present in one animal. Histologically, the condition was characterized by the intracytoplasmic accumulation of innumerable brown, acicular crystals in hepatocytes, macrophages, and renal tubular epithelial cells. Less frequent large aggregates of extracellular crystals were found in the lumens of renal tubules and in portal triads. Crystals were highly birefringent when examined using polarized light. The crystals were identified as 2,8 dihydroxyadenine using X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In mammals, adenine is normally converted to adenylate by the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. When adenine phosphoribosyltransferase is absent, deficient, or inhibited, adenine is oxidized to 2,8 dihydroxyadenine, which is extremely insoluble at physiological pH. In human beings, an autosomal recessive disease known as 2,8 dihydroxyadeninuria is caused by a deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase.
Sexual Dimorphism of the Normal Rat Mammary Gland
Authors: Cardy R. H. 
Published: March 2010

Sexual dimorphism is a routinely encountered but previously unreported feature of the normal rat mammary gland. Forty male and 40 female F344 rats, 19 weeks of age, were examined retrospectively to document histologic differences that are very apparent when mammary glands of males and females of the same age are compared. Development of the mammary gland starts in utero, and there is reported to be little morphologic difference between males and females at birth. By 19 weeks of age, however, the differences are very noticeable. The mammary glands of females, comprised of scattered tubular ducts and alveolar structures that have distinct lumina lined, usually, by a single layer of cuboidal epithelium, are characterized as tubuloalveolar. In young males, mammary tissue is generally more florid than in females of the same age. There are, scattered within the hypodermis, larger, more contiguous, lobular groups of cells that are distinct for their lack of obvious tubular or ductal orientation. The cells, arranged into alveoli, are generally characterized by abundant, foamy, eosinophilic cytoplasm containing distinct, variably-sized vacuoles. Alveolar lumina are mostly indistinct but may contain evidence of secretory activity. To emphasize the importance of this difference, selected results of a routine toxicity study are discussed in which the mammary glands of male rats, exposed for 52 weeks to cis-N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-methyl-aminobenzamide, a reported dopamine antagonist, underwent distinctive histomorphologic changes. As a result of exposure to this compound, the lobuloalveolar structure described as normal for male rats assumed characteristics of a tubuloalveolar morphology indistinguishable from that seen in the unexposed females. Female mammary glands were unaffected by exposure to the same material.
Passive Role of Articular Chondrocytes in the Pathogenesis of Acute Meniscectomy-induced Cartilage Degeneration
Authors: Bendele A. M. , Bean J. S. , Hulman J. F. 
Published: March 2010

The importance of viable articular chondrocytes and enzymes or factors from surgically traumatized synovium in the pathogenesis of acute meniscectomy-induced cartilage degeneration was examined in guinea pigs (nine groups of five animals each). Iodoacetate injected intra-articularly was used to kill articular chondrocytes of guinea pigs prior to meniscectomy to determine if they were active participants in the acute lesion induction. Lesions of similar severity to those occurring in animals with viable chondrocytes at the time of surgery were observed, suggesting that the chondrocytes were not actively involved in the pathogenesis in this group. In an additional group of guinea pigs in which chondrocytes were killed by iodoacetate, the medial collateral ligament was transected to determine if acute degenerative changes could be induced in acellular cartilage exposed to a surgical manipulation that does not by itself induce lesions but does expose cartilage to enzymes/factors from traumatized synovium. Transecting the medial collateral ligament and entering the joint space without induction of instability via meniscectomy did not result in histologic evidence of cartilage damage. This suggests that synovial trauma and mild inflammation were insufficient to induce matrix degeneration in the absence of abnormal load bearing. In further support of this, guinea pigs subjected to unilateral sciatic neurectomy at the time of meniscectomy were protected against development of acute cartilage degeneration. Results of this study suggest that articular cartilage devoid of viable chondrocytes at the time of meniscectomy responds acutely in much the same way as intact cartilage subjected to this procedure.
Ultrastructural Features of Alveolar Lesions in Induced Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia of Calves
Authors: Bryson D. G. , McConnell S. , McAliskey M. , McNulty M. S. 
Published: March 2010

Ultrastructural changes occurred in alveolar epithelium in the acute and repair stages of induced respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia induced in eight calves (calf Nos. 1–7, 3 to 6 days old and calf No. 8, 2 weeks old), using a bovine strain of respiratory syncytial virus. Five of the calves were Friesians, three were Hereford x Friesians, and all were male. Tissues from three mock-infected control calves (two Friesian, one Hereford x Friesian) were also examined. Evidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection was observed in both type I and type II pneumocytes from day 4 to day 8 after infection. Infection of type I pneumocytes frequently resulted in necrosis. The response of type II pneumocytes to respiratory syncytial virus infection varied and included hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and syneytial formation. In some infected type II pneumocytes, there were numerous irregular projections of the cell surface, associated with viral budding. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, epithelial syncytium formation, and irregular cytoplasmic projections from epithelial cells caused considerable thickening of respiratory membrane and occlusion of alveolar lumina. Neutrophils were frequently observed in close association with virus-infected epithelial cells, but evidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection and replication was not observed in alveolar macrophages or neutrophils.Proliferation of type II pneumocytes appeared to play a major role in maintaining the integrity of the alveolar epithelium during the acute stage of the experimental pneumonia. Increased numbers of type II pneumocytes were present on alveolar walls, particularly from 4 to 8 days after infection, and some alveoli were lined entirely by this cell type. In some areas, however, squamous epithelial cells were also involved in covering exposed alveolar basement membrane.