bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Health Care Utilization of Patients With Housing Insecurity in the ED
Authors: Ball Madeleine A. Z. , Sack Daniel E. , Druffner Sophia A. , Jones Ian , Wrenn Jesse O. , Sexton Mitchell M. , Shinn Marybeth , Hess Jennifer J. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceUnstable housing and homelessness can exacerbate adverse health outcomes leading to increased risk of chronic disease, injury, and disability. However, emergency departments (EDs) have no universal method to identify those at risk of or currently experiencing homelessness.ObjectiveTo describe the extent of housing insecurity among patients who seek care in an urban ED, including chief concerns, demographics, and patterns of health care utilization.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included all adult patients presenting to the ED at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), an urban tertiary care, level I trauma center in the Southeast US, from January 5 to May 16, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of ED visits at which patients screened positive for housing insecurity. Secondary outcomes included prevalence of insecurity by chief concerns, demographics, and patterns of health care utilization.ResultsOf all 23 795 VUMC ED visits with screenings for housing insecurity (12 465 visits among women [52%]; median age, 47 years [IQR, 32-48 years]), in 1185 (5%), patients screened positive for current homelessness or housing insecurity (660 unique patients); at 22 610 visits (95%), the screening result was negative. Of visits with positive results, the median age of patients was 46 years (IQR, 36-55 years) and 829 (70%) were among male patients. Suicide and intoxication were more common chief concerns among visits at which patients screened positive (132 [11%] and 118 [10%], respectively) than among those at which patients screened negative (220 [1%] and 335 [2%], respectively). Visits with positive results were more likely to be among patients who were uninsured (395 [33%] vs 2272 [10%]) and had multiple visits during the study period. A higher proportion of positive screening results occurred between 8 pm and 6 am. The social work team assessed patients at 919 visits (78%) with positive screening results.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of 23 795 ED visits, at 5% of visits, patients screened positive for housing insecurity and were more likely to present with a chief concern of suicide, to be uninsured, and to have multiple visits during the study period. This analysis provides a call for other institutions to introduce screening and create tailored care plans for patients experiencing housing insecurity to achieve equitable health care.
Engineering a Hierarchy of Disorder: A New Route to Synthesize High‐Performance 3D Nanoporous All‐Carbon Materials**
Authors: Lee Jong Hak , Loh N. Duane , Yeo Zhen Yuan , Ong Yong Kang , Balakrishnan Deepan , Limpo Carlos Maria Alava , Datta Abhik , Cetin Cagdas , Ning Shoucong , Wong Clarissa , Shi Jian , Hou Fuchen , Lin Junhao , Minamikawa Tadahiro , Ito Tomonori , Kamisuki Hiroyuki , Pennycook Stephen , Matsudaira Paul , Özyilmaz Barbaros 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA new nanoporous amorphous carbon (NAC) structure that achieves both ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity, which are usually incompatible in porous materials is reported. By using modified spark plasma sintering, three amorphous carbon phases with different atomic bonding configurations are created. The composite consisted of an amorphous sp2‐carbon matrix mixed with amorphous sp3‐carbon and amorphous graphitic motif. NAC structure has an isotropic electrical conductivity of up to 12 000 S m−1, Young's modulus of up to ≈5 GPa, and Vickers hardness of over 900 MPa. These properties are superior to those of existing conductive nanoporous materials. Direct investigation of the multiscale structure of this material through transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and machine learning‐based electron tomography revealed that the origin of the remarkable material properties is the well‐organized sp2/sp3 amorphous carbon phases with a core–shell‐like architecture, where the sp3‐rich carbon forms a resilient core surrounded by a conductive sp2‐rich layer. This research not only introduces novel materials with exceptional properties but also opens new opportunities for exploring amorphous structures and designing high‐performance materials.
How sustainability shapes consumer preferences on special occasions
Authors: Dasmi Costanza , Diletta Acuti , Mazzoli Valentina , Donvito Raffaele 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the aim to guide sustainability strategies of fashion companies, this study explores consumers' interest in sustainable alternatives on special occasions, which have been largely neglected by the literature. Drawing on 35 semistructured interviews and using weddings as the consumption setting, this study first identifies the meanings that are associated with special occasions and defines the role of fashion products in achieving such meanings (uniqueness, achievement of personal goals, emotionality and memory). Second, it reveals how sustainability facilitates or limits the achievement of such goals through fashion products. Finally, it shows how different sustainability strategies affect consumers' inferences and preferences differently. This research offers fashion companies actionable strategies for promotion of sustainable fashion products for special occasions. Specifically, we recommend that marketers consider the associations elicited by different sustainability strategies implementation in the development of their communication and extend the use of and, consequently, the meanings associated with exceptional fashion products.
Nachhaltige Wasserwirtschaft in der Prozessindustrie
Authors: Jungfer Christina , Lucht Uribe Andres , Track Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWasser ist für die Prozessindustrie unverzichtbar: Ob als Kühl‐ oder Lösemittel, als Reagens oder Produktbestandteil. Die Chemie‐ und Pharmaproduktion entwickelt sich immer weiter – Wasserstoff, Digitalisierung, Kreislaufführung, neue Produktionsprozesse. Was bedeutet das für die industrielle Wasserwirtschaft?
Reinstes Wasser dank intelligenter Sensorik
Authors: Biniasch Andreas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDie Gewinnung von Reinstwasser ist die Königsdisziplin der Wasseraufbereitung. Denn anders als beim herkömmlichen Trinkwasser aus dem Hahn ist die Aufbereitung von Reinstwasser sehr aufwändig. Das stellt auch hohe Anforderungen an die in den Anlagen verbaute Prozesssensorik. Sie möchten mehr über die Herausforderungen der Wassergewinnung weltweit erfahren – und wie wir diese in den einzelnen Ländern unterstützen? Unsere Kolleginnen und Kollegen weltweit berichten von der Situation vor Ort.
Effiziente Wasseraufbereitung gegen Wasserknappheit
Authors: Kremer Matthias 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDas Monitoring wichtiger Wasserparameter ist eine Grundlage für die Bewertung unterschiedlichster Wasser‐ und Abwasserströme aus Kommunen, der Industrie oder natürlicher Vorkommen. Robuste und automatisierte Online‐Sensorik, sicheres Datenmanagement und die ständige Verfügbarkeit der aktuellen Messdaten und Wasserzustände ist wichtig, um eine effektive Wasseraufbereitung zu ermöglichen und Wasserknappheit zu mildern.
Filtersystem mit hohem Durchsatz spart Energie
Authors: Krause Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDas Druckniveau am Filter hat einen direkten Einfluss auf den Energieverbrauch einer Pumpe. Daher wirken große Filterflächen und offenporige Filterelemente energiesparend. Von Vorteil ist es, wenn Filter mit großen Oberflächen in kompakten und platzsparend gebauten Filtergehäusen eine hohe Durchsatzleistung erzielen.
Innovative Trenntechnik im Fokus
Authors: Schaub Marius 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDer Weltmarkt für industrielle Filtration wird in den nächsten Jahren aller Voraussicht nach weiter mit beträchtlicher Rate wachsen. Ein überblick über Trends, die das Wachstum unterstützen und die Branche aktuell bestimmen liefert der Ausblick auf die Filtech 2024.
Tree species occurring in Amazonian wetland forests consistently show broader range sizes and niche breadths than trees in upland forests
Authors: Luize Bruno Garcia , Palma‐Silva Clarisse , Siqueira Tadeu , Silva Thiago Sanna Freire 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenerally, species with broad niches also show large range sizes. We investigated the relationship between hydrological niche breadth and geographic range size for Amazonian tree species seeking to understand the role of habitat specialization to Amazonian wetlands and upland forests on the current distribution of tree species. We obtained 571,092 valid occurrence points from GBIF and SpeciesLink to estimate the range size and the niche breadth of 76% of all known Amazonian tree species (5150 tree species). Hydrological niche breadth was measured on different unidimensional axes defined by (1) total annual precipitation; (2) precipitation seasonality; (3) actual evapotranspiration; and (4) water table depth. Geographic range sizes were estimated using alpha‐hull adjustments. General linear models were used to relate niche breadth to range size while contrasting tree species occurring and not occurring in wetlands. The hydrological niche breadth of Amazonian tree species varied mostly along the water table depth axis. The average range size for an Amazonian tree species was 751,000 km2 (median of 154,000 km2 and standard deviation of 1,550,000 km2). Niche breadth–range size relationships for Amazonian tree species were positive for all models, and the explanatory power of the models improved when including whether a species occurred in wetlands or in terrestrial uplands. Wetland species had steeper positive slopes for the niche breadth–range size relationship, and consistently larger range sizes for a given niche breadth. Amazonian tree species varied strongly in hydrological niche breadth and range size, but most species had narrow niche breadths and range sizes. Our results suggest that the South American riverscape may have been acting as a corridor for species dispersal in the Neotropical lowlands.
Total Synthesis of Tabernanthine and Ibogaline: Rapid Access to Nosyl Tryptamines
Authors: Hughes Alexander J. , Townsend Steven D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe describe the first total syntheses of tabernanthine and ibogaline. Entry to these iboga alkaloid natural products is enabled by a thermal coupling of indoles and aziridines to furnish the requisite nosyl tryptamine starting materials. This route features a Friedel‐Crafts type alkylation to form the key indole‐isoquinuclidine C−C bond. Finally, a regio‐ and diastereoselective hydroboration‐oxidation enables C−N bond formation to close the isoquinuclidine ring system and deliver tabernanthine and ibogaline in 10 and 14 % yield respectively. Both syntheses were completed in eight steps.
Sensitive data identification for multi‐category and multi‐scenario data
Authors: Cui Yuning , Huang Yonghui , Bai Yongbing , Wang Yuchen , Wang Chao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSensitive data identification is the prerequisite for protecting critical user and business data. Traditional methods usually only target a certain type of application scenario or a certain type of data, thus making it difficult to meet the needs of enterprise‐level data protection. This paper proposes an introduction to the end‐to‐end sensitive data identification system of Beike Inc. The system consists of the data identification & annotation platform, dataset management platform, and sensitive data identification model, which propose different governance methods for batch data and streaming data respectively. Specifically, we propose a sliding window‐based identification method for long text to improve the identification of streaming data. Evaluation results show that this method can improve the effect of identifying long text sensitive data without losing the ability on short text, for the open source test dataset, the value can be up to 94.15, so it is applicable in diverse scenarios.
Validation of the first‐trimester machine learning model for predicting pre‐eclampsia in an Asian population
Authors: Nguyen‐Hoang Long , Sahota Daljit S. , Pooh Ritsuko K. , Duan Honglei , Chaiyasit Noppadol , Sekizawa Akihiko , Shaw Steven W. , Seshadri Suresh , Choolani Mahesh , Yapan Piengbulan , Sim Wen Shan , Ma Runmei , Leung Wing Cheong , Lau So Ling , Lee Nikki May Wing , Leung Hiu Yu Hillary , Meshali Tal , Meiri Hamutal , Louzoun Yoram , Poon Liona C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) model for first‐trimester screening for pre‐eclampsia in a large Asian population.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study in 10 935 participants with singleton pregnancies attending for routine pregnancy care at 11–13+6 weeks of gestation in seven regions in Asia between December 2016 and June 2018. We applied the AI+ML model for the first‐trimester prediction of preterm pre‐eclampsia (<37 weeks), term pre‐eclampsia (≥37 weeks), and any pre‐eclampsia, which was derived and tested in a cohort of pregnant participants in the UK (Model 1). This model comprises maternal factors with measurements of mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index, and serum placental growth factor (PlGF). The model was further retrained with adjustments for analyzers used for biochemical testing (Model 2). Discrimination was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The Delong test was used to compare the AUC of Model 1, Model 2, and the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) competing risk model.ResultsThe predictive performance of Model 1 was significantly lower than that of the FMF competing risk model in the prediction of preterm pre‐eclampsia (0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.87 vs. 0.86, 95% CI 0.811–0.91, P = 0.019), term pre‐eclampsia (0.75, 95% CI 0.71–0.80 vs. 0.79, 95% CI 0.75–0.83, P = 0.006), and any pre‐eclampsia (0.78, 95% CI 0.74–0.81 vs. 0.82, 95% CI 0.79–0.84, P < 0.001). Following the retraining of the data with adjustments for the PlGF analyzers, the performance of Model 2 for predicting preterm pre‐eclampsia, term pre‐eclampsia, and any pre‐eclampsia was improved with the AUC values increased to 0.84 (95% CI 0.80–0.89), 0.77 (95% CI 0.73–0.81), and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76–0.83), respectively. There were no differences in AUCs between Model 2 and the FMF competing risk model in the prediction of preterm pre‐eclampsia (P = 0.135) and term pre‐eclampsia (P = 0.084). However, Model 2 was inferior to the FMF competing risk model in predicting any pre‐eclampsia (P = 0.024).ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that following adjustment for the biochemical marker analyzers, the predictive performance of the AI+ML prediction model for pre‐eclampsia in the first trimester was comparable to that of the FMF competing risk model in an Asian population.
Cycle‐factors in oriented graphs
Authors: Wang Zhilan , Yan Jin , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLet be a positive integer. A ‐cycle‐factor of an oriented graph is a set of disjoint cycles of length that covers all vertices of the graph. In this paper, we prove that there exists a positive constant such that for sufficiently large, any oriented graph on vertices with both minimum out‐degree and minimum in‐degree at least contains a ‐cycle‐factor for any . Additionally, under the same hypotheses, we also show that for any sequence with and the number of the equal to 3 is , where is any real number with , the oriented graph contains disjoint cycles of lengths . This conclusion is the best possible in some sense and refines a result of Keevash and Sudakov.
Reflectance confocal microscopy and clinical evaluation of a product containing Silybum marianum fruit extract in monotherapy for acne vulgaris treatment: A prospective study
Authors: Crocco Elisete I. , Alves Renata O. , Carvalho Gustavo S. M. , Silva Rebeca R. A. , Silva Ricardo S. B. , Calbucci Karina B. C. V. , Coutinho Ana L. F. , Andrade Christiano S. , Braga Juliana C. T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcne is a common pilosebaceous unit chronic inflammatory disease, with a multifactorial pathogenesis. It involves several processes: increased sebum production, alteration of the follicular keratinization process and bacterial colonization by Cutibacterium acnes.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in evaluating the reduction of mild to severe acne lesions in patients treated with an investigational product containing Silybum marianum fruit extract (SMFE).MethodsSubjects previously examined for counting acne lesions were topically treated in the face, with an investigational product containing SMFE in monotherapy over the course of 60 days (n = 31). They were examined for counting acne lesions. Efficacy and quality of life, tolerability, and safety assessments were performed. The infundibular diameter (ID) measurement of normal and acne skin areas was analyzed using RCM.ResultsThe RCM data statistical analysis allowed us to identify two ID patterns, 300–750 µm, with a reduction of 33.33% (p < 0.05) and 900–1050 µm with 73.16% (p < 0.05) reduction after 60 days. The noninflammatory lesions had a mean variation of −44.51% and −67.82% after 30 and 60 days, respectively (t test: p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 after Bonferroni's correction). The inflammatory lesions had a mean variation of −69.31% and −79.40% after 30 and 60 days (t test: p < 0.05 and p = 0.118 after Bonferroni's correction).ConclusionsThe authors demonstrated the effectiveness of the monotherapy scheme with an investigational product containing SMFE through the statistically significant results obtained by the RCM in acneic and nonacneic skin, in addition to the reduction in the number of noninflammatory at the end of the 60 days of clinical follow‐up. Furthermore, the monotherapy scheme with the investigational product proved safe, with no serious adverse events during the entire clinical study. In summary, the use of RCM proved to be effective in assessing the therapeutic response in patients with moderate to severe acne.
Mother's smoking habits affects IL10 methylation but not asthma in Ecuadorian children
Authors: Ochoa‐Avilés Cristina , Ochoa‐Avilés Angélica , Rivas‐Párraga Roque , Escandón Samuel , Santos‐Jesus Talita Dos , Silva Milca de J. , Leão Valderiene , Salinas Marco , Vicuña Yosselin , Baldeón Lucy , Molina‐Cando María José , Morillo Diana , Machuca Marcos , Rodas Claudia , Figueiredo Camila , Neira Vivian Alejandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere is no evidence evaluating the IL10 epigenetic upregulation among mestizo children in a high‐altitude Andean city in Latin America.ObjectiveTo identify polymorphisms and methylation profiles in the IL10 gene associated with asthma in children aged 5 to 11.MethodsA case–control study was conducted with asthmatic and non‐asthmatic children aged 5 to 11 years in Cuenca‐Ecuador. Data on allergic diseases and risk factors were collected through a questionnaire for parents. Atopy was measured by skin prick test (SPT) to relevant aeroallergens. Three IL10 single nucleotide polymorphisms were evaluated in all participants, and methylation analysis was performed in 54 participants. Association between risk factors, allergic diseases and genetic factors were estimated using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe results of polymorphisms showed no differences between cases and controls when comparing the SNPs rs3024495, rs3024496, rs1800896 allelic and genotypic frequencies. In the methylation analysis, no differences in the IL10 methylation profile were found between cases and controls; however, the multivariate analysis showed an association between the mother's smoking habits and the IL10 methylation profile.ConclusionSmoking habit could be essential as an environmental exposure factor in regulating gene expression in children with asthma.
A study of polarity effect for various ionization chambers in kilovoltage x‐ray beams
Authors: Yousif Yousif A. M. , Daniel John , Healy Brendan , Hill Robin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIonization chambers play an essential role in dosimetry measurements for kilovoltage (kV) x‐ray beams. Despite their widespread use, there is limited data on the absolute values for the polarity correction factors across a range of commonly employed ionization chambers.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the polarity effects for five different ionization chambers in kV x‐ray beams.MethodsTwo plane‐parallel chambers being the Advanced Markus and Roos and three cylindrical chambers; 3D PinPoint, Semiflex and Farmer chamber (PTW, Freiburg, Germany), were employed to measure the polarity correction factors. The kV x‐ray beams were produced from an Xstrahl 300 unit (Xstrahl Ltd., UK). All measurements were acquired at 2 cm depth in a PTW‐MP1 water tank for beams between 60 kVp (HVL 1.29 mm Al) and 300 kVp (HVL 3.08 mm Cu), and field sizes of 2–10 cm diameter for 30 cm focus‐source distance (FSD) and 4 × 4 cm2 – 20 × 20 cm2 for 50 cm FSD. The ionization chambers were connected to a PTW‐UNIDOS electrometer, and the polarity effect was determined using the AAPM TG‐61 code of practice methodology.ResultsThe study revealed significant polarity effects in ionization chambers, especially in those with smaller volumes. For the plane‐parallel chambers, the Advanced Markus chamber exhibited a maximum polarity effect of 2.5%, whereas the Roos chamber showed 0.3% at 150 KVp with the 10 cm circular diameter open‐ended applicator. Among the cylindrical chambers at the same beam energy and applicator, the Pinpoint chamber exhibited a 3% polarity effect, followed by Semiflex with 1.7%, and Farmer with 0.4%. However, as the beam energy increased to 300 kVp, the polarity effect significantly increased reaching 8.5% for the Advanced Markus chamber and 13.5% for the PinPoint chamber at a 20 × 20 cm2 field size. Notably, the magnitude of the polarity effect increased with both the field size and beam energy, and was significantly influenced by the size of the chamber's sensitive volume.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that ionization chambers can exhibit substantial polarity effects in kV x‐ray beams, particularly for those chambers with smaller volumes. Therefore, it is important to account for polarity corrections when conducting relative dose measurements in kV x‐ray beams to enhance the dosimetry accuracy and improve patient dose calculations.
Looking to the future: Agendas, directions, and resources for nutrition research
Authors: Heitman Kristen , Hubbard Jane , Easter Linda , Kilkus Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development and progression of nutrition as a scientific field is ever evolving and complex. Although the history of nutrition research began by exploring specific food components, it has evolved to encompass a more holistic view that considers the impact of dietary patterns over time, interactions with the environment, nutrition's role in disease processes, and public policy related to nutrition health. To guide the future direction of nutrition science, both federal and other professional organizations have established agendas and goals. The Strategic Plan for National Institutes of Health Nutrition Research outlines four goals and five cross‐cutting research areas that are priorities to explore between 2020 and 2030. Similarly, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and other governmental and professional organizations have identified priority areas in their research agendas. Rigorous research studies are needed to explore these areas of interest while also considering practical implementation strategies for translating research into practice. Nutrition clinicians are uniquely positioned to lend expertise in the areas of research design, implementation, advocacy and evidence‐based practice; there are numerous resources to support practitioners in these endeavors.