bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PW01-97 - Prevalence Of Mental Disorders In General Population
Authors: Ahmadvand A. , Sepehrmanesh Z. , Ghoreishi F. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesMental health is one of the most important public health issues, because of its major contribution in decrease of global burden of diseases. This study investigates the prevalence rate of mental disorders in General population aged 18 years and over in (kashan city, Iran 2005).MethodsThis was a descriptive cross sectional study that was conducted via classified- randomized sampling. At stage one, by using the general health Questionnaire (N= 1800) and stage two by using clinical interview based on checklist DSM- IV by two psychiatrists;546 ones among 606 questionable people participated and 60 ones did not participated. Data were analyzed using Spss v. 16 and OR, CI and Chi-square test.ResultsThe overall prevalence of mental disorders was 29.2% (women 35/5% and men 21.2%). The most prevalent disorders were mood disorders and Anxiety disorders respectively (9.3%),(4.7%).In 505 subject with mental disorders, major depression (8.2%) and generalized anxiety disorder (7.2%) were the most prevalent and 7.8% of people had one mental disorder at least. The prevalence was higher than in adult aged 56-65 years (35.8%), widow (35.8%), illiterate (42.8%) and unemployed (38.8%) in this study. Significant difference was found between genders, education, marital status variables with mental disorder.ConclusionsThis results show that psychiatric disorder in kashan city is higher than previous research in this region (1995).Although this prevalence is less than cities like Qazvin & Shahrekord, but it is higher than other city. There fore prevention programs and treatment psychiatric disorder in this city is of great priority.
PW01-98 - No Predictive Value Of Anxiety- And Depression Symptoms For Sub- Or Infertility
Authors: Biringer E. , Kessler U. , Mykletun A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveMental distress has been suggested as an etiological factor of fertility problems. The aim of the study was to investigate the predictive value of common mental symptoms for fertility problems in a population sample.MethodsThe predictive value of anxiety and depression symptoms for incident fertility problems over an 11 year span was investigated in a N=5,873 female sub-sample from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Studies (HUNT 1 and HUNT 2). Only women who had not experienced fertility problems at the time of HUNT 1 were included. Fertility problems were reported retrospectively at HUNT 2. Sub-/infertility was defined as having tried to get pregnant for more than one year without success. Symptoms of anxiety and depression at HUNT 1 were measured by the one-dimensional 12-item Anxiety Depression Index (ADI).ResultsMean age at HUNT 2 was 42 years (S.D. 4.96, range 28-49). N=152 reported having tried to get pregnant for more than one year. No predictive value of anxiety and/or depression symptoms for sub-/infertility was found (crude OR=0.97 (95% CI=0.82; 1.15), p=0.736; analyses adjusted for age, level of education, civil status, somatic conditions, parity, and gynaecological surgery: OR=0.97 (95% CI=0.81; 1.15), p=0.687). Results were comparable in a sub-sample who had never been pregnant.ConclusionThere is no prospective effect of common mental health symptoms on incident fertility problems in women. This zero-finding emerges from a large population-based data set with a long follow-up interval, and it provides evidence against the hypothesised causal relationship between mental distress and sub-/infertility.
PW01-115 - Genetics In Psychiatry: Towards A ‘Gen-Ethical’ Attitude
Authors: Versonnen F. 
Published: June 2010

The fairly recent explosion of genetic research, suggesting a real quest for genes in psychiatric diseases, didn’t result in the discovery of a gene as an ultimate determinant of psychiatric illness. Up to date, convincing evidence for a monogenetic cause is lacking. There is no strong evidence from candidate gene research or genome-wide studies. Genetic research for determining genetic and environmental causes, include clinical, behavioural and molecular biological methods and assays. New techniques like transcriptomics and proteomics examine gene products, whose expression is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and can contribute to identification of both causes of disease.However, the conclusion thus far is that all genetic factors only contribute with environmental factors to a multifactorial inheritance. This weak genetic power is illustrated by the liability threshold model that can be conceived as an epigenetic challenge.This paper is all about practical consequences for caregiver and patient. As the interplay of genetics and environment can be considered as cause of psychiatric diseases, ultimately the ethical responsibility for individual and society seems inevitable. What is the dilemma, put forward by the’real’ genetic portfolio on the human subject? How man should act in dialogue with its genes? How human behaviour can influence genetic expression in a well-tuned manner? What is the relation between prenatal genetic design and postnatal ethic demands? This neodarwinistic reflection focuses also on the antero- and retrograde aspects in human development. Finally, how can practical wisdom help us in the quest for a well-tuned epigenetic attitude?
PW01-117 - Recidivism Of Internet Sex Offenders - An Epidemiologic Study On More Than 4600 Offenders In Switzerland
Authors: Goller A. , Graf M. , Frei A. , Dittmann V. 
Published: June 2010

Internet sex offending is a rather new class of criminal acts and therefore little is known about previous convictions, recidivsm and especially correlation with hands-on sexual offences. Previous studies on small samples reported an insignificant correlation between previous convictions for child pornography and later contact sex offences on the one hand and an important role of pornography as a risk factor for sexual recidivsm of convicted sexual offenders. As an increasing number of defendants accused of child pornography is assigned for forensic risk assessment, better evidence and understanding of the role and the amount of the influence of child pornography on later offending is most urgently needed.We therefore explore these correlations by means of the complete set of all offenders convicted of illegal pornography in the Swiss federal crime registry at the time of november 2008. The analysis of 4658 criminal records reveal that 7.9% of the internet sex offenders were at the same time convicted of child abuse. The child molesters with 20.7% recidivated more frequently in general, compared to 9.8% of the offenders who were not convicted of a contact offence. Furthermore, the contact offenders with 11.4% were significant more likely to reoffend in terms of illegal pornography and sexual acts involving children with 6.0%.We will present all recidivism rates and our conclusions at the conference.
PW01-119 - Libericide And Infanticide: Socio-Demographic, Clinical And Criminological Characteristics
Authors: Richard-Devantoy S. , Annweiler C. , Cechova E. , Deguigne F. , Duflot J.-P. , Garré J.-B. 
Published: June 2010

Introduction/ objectiveAlthough it is well-known that infanticide (murder of child< 1year) is typically for young women and libericide (murder of child≥1year) for older melancholic women, comprehensive differences between these two kinds of murderers remain little-known. Our objective was to describe their demographic, clinical and criminological differences.MethodWe collected 41 psychiatric expert examinations in criminal cases of child murder between 2000 and 2005 and compared, after sex-matching, those responsible for infanticide (n=16) and libericide (n=25).ResultsCompared to perpetrators of infanticide, subjects responsible for libericide were older (24 and 33 respectively, p=0.012), and had a psychiatric history (35% versus 71%, p=0.005) and convictions for violence towards others (6% versus 29%, p=0.022). A the time of the crime, 77% of libericide perpetrators were suffering from a psychotic, depressive, cognitive or personality disorders while only 53% of perpetrators of infanticide were ill (p=0.024). Although there was no significant difference in regard of the circumstances of the act or the gender of the victim, we found that head trauma, suffocation and drowning were the most frequent means of infanticide while libericide perpetrators used more active methods such as shooting, strangulation and striking (p=0.007) in a dynamic of homicide-suicide. Finally, it has to be noted that the perpetrators of libericide were more often unfit to plead than the perpetrators of infanticide (p=0.067).ConclusionOur results confirm the relevance of Resnick's typology of child murders, distinguishing infanticide and libericide which different criminological dynamics are fundamental for medico-legal orientation and capacity to plead.
PW01-123 - Investigation Relationship Between Hardiness And Mental Disorder
Authors: Khanmohammadi Otaghsara A. , Baghani T. 
Published: June 2010

Objective & aimThis research investigated relationship between hardiness and mental disorder based on S.C.L- 90 - R.Method100 university students (50 men, 50 women) by cluster sampling were randomly selected. The research instruments were mental disorder S.C.L- 90-R and Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI). Mental disorders index S.C.L- 90-R assesses depression, somatization, psychtion, anxiety, obsessive, interpersonal sensitivity, phobia, hostility and paranoia. Pearson correlation coefficient and T independent test were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe findings showed that all of mental disorders indices except obsessive and interpersonal sensitivity have significant negative relationship with hardiness. Also there is no significant differences between men and women in degree of hardiness.ConclusionBased on results it is advised to apply plans to increase hardiness components, and with more using of hardiness components and instrument can predict mental disorders and prevent the mental disorders on time.
PW01-124 - Prevalence Of Psychiatric Co Morbidities In Traumatic Amputees-A Cross Sectional Study From Kashmir (Indian Part)
Authors: Mansoor I. , Margoob M. , Masoodi N. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundDuring cultural and social upheavals including manmade environmental factors like war and violence, drastic change takes place in people's expectations, “the meaning of life” and values. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of psychiatric co morbidities in traumatic amputees in Kashmir (Indian Part).MethodsSubjects were 100 consecutive patients with traumatic limb amputation. In addition to assessments of physical factors, psychiatric interviews were administered to examine mental disorders including PTSD and major depression.ResultsThe prevalence rates of PTSD and major depression were 20% and 63% respectively. It was followed by impulse control disorder 19%, phantom limb phenomenon 14%, generalized anxiety disorder 10% and panic disorder 6%. Motor vehicle accident and blast injuries were cause for 53% and 11% of limb amputations respectively. Majority (45%) of them were males in age group of 15-30 years. 61% were illiterate from rural areas (81%).DiscussionThese findings suggest that psychiatric co morbidity is very common in amputees. Most of the patients are males of younger age group. Major depressive disorder is the most common psychiatric co morbidity followed by anxiety disorders in which PTSD is most prevalent, followed by impulse control disorder and phantom phenomenon respectively. Individuals suffering traumatic limb loss at any age are likely to suffer subsequent difficulties with their body image, but these relationships are more striking in the younger age groups who have experienced traumatic injuries.
PW01-125 - Psychological Aspects Of Social Adaptation Of Persons In Extreme Conditions Of Labour Activity
Authors: Panchenko O. , Panchenko L. , Basarab I. 
Published: June 2010

Object of research is to reveal of posttraumatic stress desorders (PTSD) of the working in extreme conditions; to reveal psychological pressure, asthenic and depressive displays and emotional features of survey.Objective166 persons have been surveyed which professional functioning is connected with extreme conditions of labour activity and the average work experience has made 18,5 years.MethodsA scale for self-estimation PTSD - «the Missisipy scale», technique of colour elections Lusher, the questionnaire of psychological pressure, a scale of asthenic conditions, Bakcs questionnaire of depression, integrative test of the uneasiness. The most often surveyed is to state complaints as on somatic, and mental health: physical and emotional overfatigue, feeling of alarm, pessimism. They carry to risk factors: a constant concentration of attention, a psychoemotional pressure, unevenness in production, adverse ecological conditions of industrial premises.ResultsInfringements of emotional sphere is not revealed at 107 people (64,5%). Separate signs PTSD are fixed at 44 people (26.5%). It is diagnosed PTSD at 15 people (9 %) surveyed (р < 0,05).Conclusions59 people have low level of adaptive possibilities and the adverse forecast of adaptation in extreme conditions of activity is diagnosed: 21 people (35,6%) - depressive symptoms; 18 people (30,5 %) - affective infringements; 14 people (23,7%) - excessive psychological pressure;. 6 people (10,2 %) - high level of alarm. It is necessary to carry out psychocorrectional actions for the purpose the prevention of development a mental pathology.
PW01-143 - Separating Distinct Aspects Of The Voluntary Selection Between Response Alternatives: N2 And P3 Related Bold Responses
Authors: Feuerecker R. , Karch S. , Leicht G. , Meindl T. , Hantschk I. , Kirsch V. , Ertl M. , Lutz J. , Pogarell O. , Mulert C. 
Published: June 2010

Voluntary selection between response alternatives belong to cognitive abilities controlling and regulating goal-directed behaviour. Voluntary selection processes are associated with increased neural activity, especially in medial and lateral frontal brain regions as well as the inferior parietal gyrus. However, the precise function of each brain region as well as the spatiotemporal characteristic of the brain regions involved is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to disentangle distinct aspects of voluntary selection and their underlying neural processes. Hence, event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional MRI data were acquired simultaneously. Brain regions modulated by the task-induced amplitude variation of ERPs (N2, P3) were indentified. The results showed N2-related hemodynamic responses, especially in medial and lateral frontal brain regions. Among other things, medial frontal brain regions are related to conflict monitoring, control of voluntary action and decision making. By contrast, the P3-amplitude proved to be predominantly related to increased BOLD responses in the temporo-parietal junction [TPJ] and lateral frontal brain regions. These brain regions are thought to play a decisive role in an attentional network involved in detecting auditory and visual stimuli.Overall, the results of the study indicated a whole network of brain regions to be associated with voluntary selection processes. In addition, at least some frontal brain regions seemed to be involved at an earlier stage than temporo-parietal regions, probably indicating a top-down process.
PW01-157 - Mesolimbic Dysfunction During Novelty Detection In Schizophrenia
Authors: Zierhut K. , Schulte-Kemna A. , Bogerts B. , Schiltz K. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionSchizophrenia is characterized by marked disturbances of cognitive functions. One core finding is a memory dysfunction. Recently, this has been attributed to impaired hippocampus function that is crucial in comparing new to known information. Hippocampal novelty detection triggers activity of neurons in the ventral tegmental areal (VTA) to which it is reciprocally connected.AimsHere, we examined whether neuronal activation during the detection of novel information is impaired in these structures.MethodsWe investigated novelty detection using an fMRI oddball face paradigm with repeated novel oddballs (1-4 repetitions) in 25 patients (12 female, mean age 26 years) suffering from paranoid-hallucinatory schizophrenia and 25 healthy controls (12 female, mean age 25 years).ResultsSchizophrenia patients, relative to control subjects, showed impaired patterns of activation in mediotemporal areas, including the hippocampus, as well as in VTA/ Substantia Nigra during novelty detection. Furthermore, the activity related to detection of previously novel but repeatedly presented stimuli shows an altered adaptation in the patients.ConclusionsIn schizophrenia, the Hippocampus-VTA-loop displays a dysregulated activity pattern during novelty detection that is crucial for encoding into long-term memory. As this loop is mainly governed by dopaminergic neurotransmission these results underline the pivotal pathophysiological role of mesolimbic dopaminergic dysregulation in the pathophysiology of memory dysfunction in schizophrenia.
PW01-158 - Differentials Effects Of Olanzapine And Risperidone On Plasma Adiponectin Levels Over Time: A Prospective Study
Authors: Heald A. , Hanssens L. , Wampers M. , Van Eyck D. , van Winkel R. , de Hert M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionRecent research has shown that adiponectin levels in patients with schizophrenia vary similar to the general population. Moreover, antipsychotic medication may influence adiponectin levels, independent of metabolic parameters. We hypothesise different antipsychotics might vary in their effect on adiponectin levels independent of BMI and metabolic syndrome (MetS) status.Methods113 patients, with similar baseline demographic and metabolic characteristics, received either risperidone (n=54) or olanzapine (n=59). They were followed prospectively for 12 weeks. Adiponectin levels as well as general metabolic parameters were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks.ResultsWe observed a significant treatment by time interaction, showing an adiponectin increase in the risperidone treated patients and an adiponectin decrease in olanzapine treated patients. This effect was independent of BMI and the presence/absence of the metabolic syndrome. There was a significant association between fall in adiponectin and increase in waist circumference in the Olanzapine treated group (Figure 1).There was no change in HOMA-IR as a measure of insulin resistance in either group.
ConclusionWe observed a differential effect of antipsychotic treatment (risperidone vs olanzapine) on adiponectin levels over time, independent of BMI (and MetS) suggesting an effect of olanzapine on adipose tissues, similar to what has been observed in animals models. The effects on adiponectin levels may partly explain the increased rates of obesity with Olanzapine.
PW01-163 - The Rate And Causes Of Mortality In Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Sepehrmanesh Z. , Ahmadvand A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionDecrease Mortality rate in all psychiatric care is an important goal. Survey on mortality patterns in different psychiatric disorder are essential for successful plan of treatment and preventive strategies. The present study describes rate and causes of mortality among psychiatric patients with a history of psychiatric hospitalization in Kashan city, Iran.MethodsThis survey was a retrospective study. The samples (cases) were all of the psychiatric patients who had died between years 2000 to2009.They were included 44 patients. Main instrument was the inventory included: Demographic questionnaire and main cause of death according to medical records and registration center of mortality in health organization.FindingsResults showed that the highest mortality rate respectively were among patients with Major depressive disorder (n= 14, 31.8%), bipolar disorder (n=15, 34.1%), Schizophrénie (n=9, 20.5%), obsessive - compulsive (n= 3, 6.8%) post traumatic stress disorder (n= 2, 4.5%) and personality disorder (n=1, 2.3%).The most causes of mortality respectively were suicide (n= 8. 18.2%), cardio vascular disease (n= 8,18.2%), accident (n= 3, 6.8%), cancer (n= 2, 4.6%) Diabetes (n= 2, 4.6), respiratory disease (n =2,4.6%), kidney disease (n= 24.6%), Cerebrovascular disease (n=2,4.6%), Dementia (n= 1,2.2%) and 14 ones had died with unspecified causes.ConclusionsPrevention of unnatural death (suicide) is an important goal for decreasing mortality rate in psychiatric patients and so attention to cardiovascular disease in this group is essential. Therefore we should consider medical problems in this group.
PW01-53 - Investigation Of Job Satisfaction And Mental Health In Health Care Workers In Central Greece
Authors: Borou A. , Wozniak G. , Roupa Z. , Mouzas O. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe objective of the present work was the investigation of the general health level and factors that influence the job satisfaction in a sample of health care workers that they serve in primary, secondary and tertiary health care in Central Greece.Materials and methods500 professionals of health were administered:a)a closed type questionnaire of job satisfaction evaluation, based on Likert scale, andb)the questionnaire of general health GHQ-28.Health Care Workers in the 2 general hospitals and in the health centers of Lamia and Larissa, as well as in the Regional University Hospital of Larissa participated in the study. 386 sufficiently filled in questionnaires were evaluated. Statistics was processed with SPSS (version 15.0). Level of statistical importance was considered at p < 0.05.Results93 participants (24,1%) were men and 291 (75,4%) were women. The work load, the occasions of development and the collaboration with colleagues were the critical factors in which the nurses exhibited worse statistically significantly scores in comparison with the other groups of health professionals. In the factor “job satisfaction” the nurses had lower scores (intermediate =3, IQR=2-5) compared with non- nurses (intermediate = 5, IQR=3-6) p< 0,001. In the same parameters the workers in the hospitals presented with worse scores than the workers in the health centers. The anxiety level stress of nurses is high.ConclusionThe nurses constitute the group of health care workers with the lower job satisfaction and the highest anxiety levels.
PW01-169 - Affective Attunement. Towards An Alternative Explanation Of Delusion
Authors: Varga S. 
Published: June 2010

In the course of this paper it will be argued that the Cotard's and Capgras' delusions results from an anomalous perceptual experience, caused by the lack of affective responsiveness. The central difference seems to lie in the attributional manner: Capgras patients interpret the resultant experiences in a paranoid, projective attributional manner, while Cotard patients interpret them in a depressive, introjective attributional manner.The main idea of this paper is that a philosophical analyse of anomalous experience in these delusions can help us to modify the traditional assumptions about the primacy of cognitive or theoretical attitudes to the world. I will argue that primacy is to be granted to an affective attunement to the world, which functions as a subpersonal mechanism of qualitative bodily responses. What these delusions show us is that the disruption of this affective attunement leads to a cognitive deficit, in which the patient accepts a belief that is incoherent with the rest of her believes.