bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase in CSF after experimental traumatic or focal ischemic brain damage
Authors: Hårdemark Hans-Göran , Ericsson Nils , Kotwica Zbigniew , Rundström Gerd , Mendel-Hartvig Ib , Olsson Yngve , Påhlman Sven , Persson Lennart 
Published: May 2009

✓ Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of brain damage are potentially capable of providing quantitative information about the extent of certain neurological injury. The presence of such markers in CSF after brain damage is transient and it is essential to understand their kinetics if they are to be used in clinical practice. In the present study, the CSF concentrations of two neurospecific proteins, S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), were determined in rats before and repeatedly after one of two types of experimental brain damage: traumatic cortical injury and focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion.
The two types of experimental brain damage resulted in significant differences in the kinetics of S-100 and NSE concentrations in CSF. Cortical contusion was followed by a rapid increase in both S-100 and NSE and a peak occurred in both after about 7½ hours, at which time the values declined toward normal. A second, smaller peak was seen after about 1½ days. The increase and decrease in S-100 and NSE levels in CSF was slower after MCA occlusion; a peak was seen after 2 to 4 days. Furthermore, S-100 was generally higher than NSE after trauma, whereas after MCA occlusion the NSE concentration was slightly higher than the S-100 value. These results support the use of CSF markers for estimation of the extent of brain damage in experimental models and forms a basis for the understanding of their kinetics, which is important for their use in clinical practice.
National survey of patterns of care for brain-tumor patients
Authors: Mahaley M. Stephen , Mettlin Curtis , Natarajan Nachimuthu , Laws Edward R. , Peace Barbara B. 
Published: May 2009

✓ An excellent response by participating institutions was realized in this survey of patterns of care for patients with primary brain tumors. Since the histopathology of the tumor is such a strong predictor of outcome and influences care so greatly, most analyses were performed not only on the overall series of patients but also by World Health Organization histological classification. Several factors that influence outcome were identified: tumor type, patient age, patient Karnofsky rating, tumor location, and therapy. Very few cases were coded as regards the American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage, and few potentially eligible cases were placed in investigative protocols. It behooves those centers providing investigative protocol opportunities to develop liaisons with practicing physicians nearby as well as at some distance and to provide an organizational framework that will make participation in these protocols practical for a larger segment of our brain-tumor patient population.
Between 1980 and 1985, the increased use of magnetic resonance imaging in neuroradiology is apparent as well as the increased use of stereotactic biopsy and interstitial radiotherapy. Complications of therapy seem acceptably low. Five-year survival for benign brain tumor is high, while that for the most common primary tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, is only 5.5%.
Some of the findings in this survey confirm those from the literature while others, particularly the pattern of care, represent new data.
Cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in experimental brain edema
Authors: Sutton Leslie N. , Barranco David , Greenberg Joel , Dante Stephen , Florin Sandra , Welsh Frank 
Published: May 2009

✓ The relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMR gl) in the white matter was studied in a plasma infusion model of vasogenic edema in cats. Local CBF, as determined by iodoantipyrine testing, was found to be significantly decreased in edematous white matter (mean ± standard error of the mean: 17.3 ± 1.5 ml/100 gm/min) when compared with CBF in the contralateral control white matter (24.8 ± 1.8 ml/100 gm/min). When the values for edematous brain were corrected for dilution, however, the local CBF averaged 25.3 ± 1.7 ml/100 gm/min, which was similar to the control value.
Local CMRgl was found to be significantly increased in plasma-infused white matter (16.3 ± 2.2 µmol/100 gm/min) compared with that in control white matter (10.7 ± 1.3 µmol/100 gm/min). This difference remained, despite correction for dilution and recalculation of local CMRgl values based on altered kinetic constants found in edematous brain. A similar increase in local CMRgl was noted with saline-infusion edema. It is concluded that the increased tissue water level does not alter CBF, but does induce an increase in anaerobic metabolism.
Cytosolic calcium changes in endothelial cells induced by a protein product of human gliomas containing vascular permeability factor activity
Authors: Criscuolo Gregory R. , Lelkes Peter I. , Rotrosen Daniel , Oldfield Edward H. 
Published: May 2009

✓ A vascular permeability factor (VPF) derived from serum-free conditioned medium of cultured human malignant gliomas (HG-VPF) has been described previously. The rapid kinetics of HG-VPF activity in an in vivo assay of vascular permeability suggests a direct action upon the vascular endothelial cell. To determine whether HG-VPF was capable of inducing a physiologically significant alteration in isolated endothelial cells, cytosolic calcium [Ca++]i was measured in vitro in these cells before and after their exposure to media containing this substance. This was accomplished by preloading cultured endothelial cells with a fluorescent intracellular Ca++ probe fura-2/AM.
It was found that HG-VPF induced a rapid and transient elevation of [Ca++]i in normal endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein, bovine adrenal medulla, bovine pulmonary artery, and rat brain. This effect was inhibited by chelating extracellular calcium [Ca++]e with ethyleneglycol-bis (β-aminoethylether)-N,N″ -tetra-acetic acid (EGTA), indicating that the HG-VPF-induced response resulted from the influx of extracellular calcium. The addition of cations that act as nonspecific calcium channel blockers (Li+, Co++, Mn++, La+++) completely inhibited VPF activity, further supporting the role of [Ca++]e influx. The HG-VPF activity was not, however, blocked by verapamil, a calcium antagonist that appears to be specific for voltage-gated calcium channels. Furthermore, exposure of endothelial cells to 120 mM [K+]e did not result in a calcium transient. Coincubation of endothelial cells with dexamethasone inhibited HG-VPF-induced rises in [Ca++]i, while having no effect upon cyclic nucleotide-induced changes in calcium.
The present studies indicate that vascular extravasation induced by human glioma-derived VPF may be mediated by a direct action upon vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, the observed dexamethasone-induced inhibition of this process suggests a specific cellular action for corticosteroids. This, together with previous observations that dexamethasone suppresses both the production of VPF by tumor cells in vitro and its permeability-inducing activity in vivo, may explain the efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of neoplastic vasogenic brain edema.
Finally, studies with a polycationic peptide (protamine) known to induce blood-brain barrier disruption in vivo revealed similar effects upon endothelial cytosolic calcium levels. As HG-VPF is a positively charged macromolecule, a common interaction between these substances and the negatively charged endothelial cell surface in the induction of permeability is suggested. Nonspecific cross-linking of charged groups of the endothelial glycocalyx and specific HG-VPF receptor binding are both valid mechanisms of HG-VPF-mediated calcium changes. Their potential relevance in the setting of microvascular permeability is discussed.
Use of wild and cultivated foods by chimpanzees at Bossou, Republic of Guinea: feeding dynamics in a human‐influenced environment
Authors: Hockings Kimberley J. , Anderson James R. , Matsuzawa Tetsuro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIncreased human population growth and more conversions of natural habitat to agricultural land have resulted in greater proximity between humans and nonhuman primate species. Consequent increases in resource competition including crop‐raiding are a by‐product of both natural resources becoming less available and the nutritional benefits of cultivated foods becoming more known to the nonhuman primates. Chimpanzees at Bossou in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, consume 17 different types of cultivated foods that are grown extensively throughout their small, fragmented home range. Direct observations of feeding behavior conducted over an 18‐month period revealed that during specific months crops account for up to one quarter of chimpanzee feeding time, with higher overall crop‐raiding levels throughout the periods of wild fruit scarcity. Some cultivated foods, especially sugar fruits, are mostly fallback foods, whereas others, such as rice pith (Oryza sp.) and maize (Zea mays), are consumed according to their availability even when wild foods are abundant. These findings highlight the importance of both crop choice by farmers and a thorough understanding of the ecology of resident primate species when establishing land management techniques for alleviating human–primate conflict. Am. J. Primatol. 71:636–646, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ist die Enantioselektivität bei der asymmetrischen Katalyse vorhersagbar?
Authors: Brown John M. , Deeth Robert J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractVorheersagekraft: Um berechnete ee‐Werte mit experimentellen ee‐Werten zur Deckung zu bringen, wurde eine Reihe von Rechenmethoden eingesetzt. Neue Verfahren, bei denen quantenmechanische und molekülmechanische Methoden kombiniert werden, sind sehr erfolgreich.magnified image
Allylische Aminierung durch einen DNA‐Dien‐Iridium(I)‐ Hybridkatalysator
Authors: Fournier Pierre , Fiammengo Roberto , Jäschke Andres 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDNA‐Hybridkatalyse trifft Organometallchemie: Ein DNA‐Strang, der mit Dien‐Liganden funktionalisiert wurde, bildet Iridium(I)‐Komplexe, die eine allylische Aminierung im wässrigen Medium effektiv zu katalysieren vermögen (siehe Schema). Die DNA‐basierten Komplexe zeigen hohe Stabilität und Aktivität, außerdem beeinflusst ihre Sekundärstruktur die Stereoselektivität der Reaktion.magnified image
Surprisingly Long‐Range Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) on Au–Ni Multisegmented Nanowires
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Shuzhou , Millstone Jill E. , Banholzer Matthew J. , Chen Xiaodong , Xu Xiaoyang , Schatz George C. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractVery long range surface‐enhanced Raman scattering is observed from a nickel nanowire that is separated by 120 nm from a pair of gold nanodisks. The excitation of the surface‐plasmon resonance (SPR) from the gold nanodisk pair generates an enhanced electromagnetic field near the nickel segment (SEM, left), leading to Raman intensity greater than the nickel alone (right).magnified image
Pretubulysin, a Potent and Chemically Accessible Tubulysin Precursor from Angiococcus disciformis
Authors: Ullrich Angelika , Chai Yi , Pistorius Dominik , Elnakady Yasser A. , Herrmann Jennifer E. , Weissman Kira J. , Kazmaier Uli , Müller Rolf 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSimplify, simplify, simplify! Pretubulysin (structure without the green substituents), a simplified tubulysin was prepared in the laboratory and also found in a natural myxobacterial source. This biosynthetic precursor of the tubulysins is not as active as tubulysins A and D but is still effective in picomolar concentrations against cancer cell lines.magnified image
Allylic Amination by a DNA–Diene–Iridium(I) Hybrid Catalyst
Authors: Fournier Pierre , Fiammengo Roberto , Jäschke Andres 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDNA hybrid catalysis goes organometallic: A DNA strand functionalized with diene ligands forms iridium(I) complexes that can efficiently catalyze an allylic amination in aqueous medium (see scheme). The DNA‐based complexes show high stability and activity, and their secondary structure influences the stereoselectivity of the reaction.magnified image
An Odd‐Electron Complex [Ruk(NOm)(Qn)(terpy)]2+ with Two Prototypical Non‐Innocent Ligands
Authors: Das Atanu Kumar , Sarkar Biprajit , Duboc Carole , Strobel Sabine , Fiedler Jan , Záliš Stanislav , Lahiri Goutam Kumar , Kaim Wolfgang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSix combinations of oxidation states are conceivable for the paramagnetic title complex. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, spectroscopic analysis (IR, EPR at conventional and high frequency), and DFT calculations establish that it is the iminosemiquinone radical structure that is formed: [Ruk(NOm)(Qn)(terpy)]2+ (k=2+, m=1+, n=1−).magnified image
Functionalized Templates for the Convergent Assembly of Polyethers: Synthesis of the HIJK Rings of Gymnocin A
Authors: Van Dyke Aaron R. , Jamison Timothy F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExtension ladder: The successful application of epoxide‐opening strategies towards the synthesis of ladder‐type polyethers is contingent upon further elaboration of the product. By employing two different functionalized templates, a fragment of gymnocin A that bears four sites for subsequent fragment coupling has been prepared (see scheme; Bn=benzyl).magnified image
Prediction of water retention capacity of hydrolysed electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers using statistical model and artificial neural network
Authors: Giri Dev Venkateshwarapuram Rengaswami , Venugopal Jayarama Reddy , Senthilkumar Muthusamy , Gupta Deepika , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBox Behnken design of experiment was used to study the effect of process variables such as alkali concentration, temperature and time on water retention capacity of the alkaline hydrolysed electrospun fibres. The hydrolysis of electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibres was carried out using sodium hydroxide with different processing conditions like concentration of alkali, temperature and time. With the increase in the concentration of alkali, time and temperature, the water retention capacity of membrane was found to increase in the membranes. Water retention capacities of the membranes were modeled and predicted using empirical as well as artificial neural network (ANN model). The fiber diameter and mean flow pore diameter of electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers and hydrolyzed fibers shown in SEM images were 310 ± 50, 275 ± 75 nm, 0.9258 and 1.12 microns, respectively. The present study indicated that the nanofibrous membranes have potential for the water absorbing applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Swelling properties of CMC‐g‐poly (AAm‐co‐AMPS) superabsorbent hydrogel
Authors: Pourjavadi Ali , Ghasemzadeh Hossein , Mojahedi Fatemeh 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA series of biopolymer‐based superabsorbent hydrogels based on carboxymethyl cellulose has been prepared by free‐radical graft copolymerization of acrylamide and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropan sulfonic acid (AMPS) in aqueous solution using methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The effect of variables on the swelling capacity such as: acrylamide/AMPS weight ratio, reaction temperature, and concentration of the initiator and crosslinker were systematically optimized. The results indicated that with increasing the amount of AMPS, the swelling capacity is increased. FT‐IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope analysis were used to confirm the hydrogel structure. Swelling measurements of the synthesized hydrogels in different salt solutions indicated considerable swelling capacity. The absorbency under load of the superabsorbent hydrogels was determined by using an absorbency under load tester at various applied pressures. A preliminary swelling and deswelling behaviors of the hydrogels were also studied. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis of PEG‐functionalized poly(diphenylacetylene)s and their gas permeation properties
Authors: Sakaguchi Toshikazu , Kameoka Koji , Hashimoto Tamotsu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe polymerizations of 1‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐2‐(4‐trimethylsilyl)phenylacetylene (1a) and 1‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐2‐(4‐trimethylsilyl)phenylacetylene (1b) were carried out with TaCl5‐n‐Bu4Sn to give relatively high‐molecular‐weight polymers (2a and 2b) (Mn > 5 × 105). The obtained polymers were brominated by using benzoyl peroxide and N‐bromosuccinimide first, followed by substitution reaction of three types of polyethylene glycol. When diethylene glycol was used as a reagent on substitution reaction of meta‐substituted polymer, PEG‐functionalized poly(diphenylacetylene) with the highest content of oxyethylene unit [4a(2)] was obtained, and the degree of substitution was 0.60. The degrees of substitution decreased to 0.15 and 0.08 when the polyethylene glycols with higher molecular weights were used. PEG‐substitution reaction to the para‐substituted polymers was difficult to proceed, and hence the degree of substitution was 0.18 even when diethylene glycol was used. The CO2/N2 separation factor of PEG‐functionalized polymer [4a(2)] was as large as 28.8, although that of 2a was 7.41. The other PEG‐functionalized polymers also exhibited high CO2 permselectivity, and their CO2/N2 separation factors were over 20. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Modeling the PAAc‐AN‐TV surface using 134Cs and 152+154Eu sorption
Authors: El‐Gammal Bela , Ibrahim Gehan M. , Allan Karam F. , El‐Naggar Ibrahim M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA novel composite, composed of poly (acrylic acid (AAc), acrylonitrile, and titanium vanadate, was prepared by induced gamma irradiation route at 20 kGy to be used as a hybrid organic‐inorganic sorbent. 5–200 μm particle diameters of the composite were obtained. An average particle size of 75 μm of crystalline (17‐20) composite was used; it was thermally stable to 486°C. The distribution coefficients of Cs+ and Eu3+ were studied as a function of pH; 2350 mL·g−1 and 645 mL·g−1 were obtained in case of 152+154Eu and 134Cs at pH 6. 1.55 mmol·g−1 and 1.85 mmol·g−1 maximum loadings were accommodated for the same ions at the same pH. Different models were used to scan the surface of the exchanger, so that the topography of the surface was studied as a function of surface active site types, concentrations, and heterogeneity. Langmuir, Freundlich and D‐R models were used. Also, different kinetic models, as Lagergren pseudo first‐order, pseudo second‐order and Morris‐Weber intraparticle diffusion models were applied to study the possible mechanism of the sorption process; pseudo first‐order was exempted to investigate the mechanism. They proved that chemisorption and ion exchange mechanism with controlled diffusion are predominant, with their characteristic mean energies (8.731 kJ·mol−1 and 9.310 kJ·mol−1 for Cs+ and Eu3+, respectively). Double Shell Model was finally adopted to explain the suggested mechanism. Negative values of ΔG°, −2.15 kJ·mol−1 to −7.92 kJ·mol−1 in case of Cs+ and −3.35 kJ·mol−1 to −9.67 kJ·mol−1 in case of Eu3+adsorption at different temperatures, indicate the spontaneous nature of the reactions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A moisture absorption and adhesion study of the process of blending film using p‐alkylphenol‐resorcinol‐formaldehyde and rubber latex
Authors: Shen Mingxia , Zhang Junsheng , Chen Qingmin 
Published: May 2009

Abstractp‐alkylphenol‐resorcinol‐formaldehyde‐latex (ARFL) films were prepared by co‐condensation of p‐alkylphenols and resorcinol with formaldehyde to generate modified phenolic resins, followed by blending with rubber latex, aging, and finally curing. The weight‐gain of the ARFL films and the tensile force of the coated fiberglass were studied under different temperatures and various humidities. The surfaces of the ARFL films were further analyzed by measuring the static contact angle and the findings were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The adhesion between the coated fiberglass and neoprene rubber was evaluated using the H‐adhesion technique. The best hydrophobicity and the largest water contact angle were displayed on the surface of the p‐nonylphenol‐resorcinol‐formaldehyde‐latex (NRFL) film, with a weight‐gain percent that was 40.0% (wt %) lower and a static contact angle that was 22.6° more than that of the resorcinol‐formaldehyde‐latex (RFL) film. The NRFL‐coated fiberglass had a higher tensile force and H‐adhesion force than the RFL‐coated fiberglass. The shelf life of NRFL‐coated fiberglass can be raised significantly at 40°C and under 98% humidity. The mechanism of the dramatic drop in the tensile force of the coated fiberglass is also discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Cure kinetics and catalyzed effect of hydroxyl group of LC diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐S with aromatic diamines
Authors: Huo Li , Gao Jungang , Zhang Xiaona 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe curing reactions of liquid crystalline 4,4′‐bis‐(2,3‐epoxypropyloxy)‐sulfonyl‐bis(1,4‐phenylene) (p‐BEPSBP) with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) were investigated by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The relationships of Ea with the conversion α in the curing process were determined. The catalyzed activation of hydroxyl group for curing reaction of epoxy resins with amine in DSC experiment was discussed. The results show that these curing reactions can be described by the autocatalytic Šesták‐Berggren model. The curing technical temperature and parameters were obtained, and the even reaction orders m, n, and ΔS for p‐BEPSBP/DDM and p‐BEPSBP/DDS are 0.35, 0.92, −81.94 and 0.13, 1.32, −24.45, respectively. The hydroxyl group has catalyzed activation for the epoxy–amine curing system in the DSC experiment. The average Ea of p‐BEPSBP/DDM is 67.19 kJ mol−1 and is 105.55 kJ mol−1 for the p‐BEPSBP/DDS system, but it is different for the two systems; when benzalcohol as hydroxyl group was added to the curing system, the average Ea of p‐BEPSBP/DDM decreases and increases for p‐BEPSBP/DDS. The crystalline phase had formed in the curing process and was fixed in the system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The importance of bare marine sedimentary habitats for maintaining high polychaete diversity and the implications for the design of marine protected areas
Authors: Barrio Froján Christopher R. S. , Kendall Mike A. , Paterson Gordon L. J. , Hawkins Lawrence E. , Nimsantijaroen Sompoch , Aryuthaka Chittima 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Bare intertidal sedimentary habitats have received relatively little attention compared with their neighbouring vegetated habitats. An ecological comparison of benthic faunal assemblages inhabiting tropical intertidal seagrass beds and bare sediments has been made to assess the faunal similarity between the two habitats in south‐east Asia.
The poorly developed taxonomy of most invertebrate taxa in the region precluded the full identification of many faunal groups. Only the polychaetes — which accounted for 76% of all the macrofaunal organisms collected — were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level, yielding 177 nominal species belonging to 35 families. Ecological analyses suggested that although each habitat had a distinct polychaete assemblage, there were few differences between habitats based on a range of calculated assemblage diversity metrics.
Further analyses were applied to the data to test the performance of three strategies for optimizing the selection of sites for inclusion in potential marine protected areas. Strategies were based either on the total number of species, the number of rare or endemic species, or on the level of species richness (used as a surrogate for community structure).
All three strategies consistently captured above average numbers of species at most levels of conservation intensity. The merits of each strategy are considered in turn.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.