bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of lipids from Yarrowia Lipolytica
Authors: Milanesio Juan , Hegel Pablo , Medina‐González Yaocihuatl , Camy Séverine , Condoret Jean‐Stéphane 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Microorganisms have often been considered for the production of oils and fats as an alternative to agricultural and animal resources. Extraction experiments were performed using a strain of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica), a high‐lipid‐content yeast. Three different methods were tested: Soxhlet extraction, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extraction using ethanol as a co‐solvent. Also, high pressure solubility measurements in the systems ‘CO2 + yeast oil’ and ‘CO2 + ethanol + yeast oil’ were carried out.RESULTS: The solubility experiments determined that, at the conditions of the supercritical extractor (40 °C and 20 MPa), a maximum concentration of 10 mg of yeast oil per g of solvent can be expected in pure CO2. 10% w/w of ethanol in the solvent mixture increased this value to almost 15 mg of yeast oil per g of solvent. Different pretreatments were necessary to obtain satisfactory yields in the extraction experiments. The Soxhlet and the ASE method were not able to complete the lipid extraction. The ‘SCCO2 + ethanol’ extraction curves revealed the influence of the different pretreatments on the extraction mechanism.CONCLUSION: Evaluating the effectiveness of a given pretreatment, ASE reduced the amount of material and solvent used compared with Soxhlet. In all three cases, the best total extraction performance was obtained for the ethanol‐macerated yeast (EtM). Addition of ethanol to the solvent mixture enhanced the oil solubility. Oil can be extracted from Y. lipolytica in two different steps: a non‐selective ethanol extraction followed by TAG‐selective SCCO2 purification. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Aframomum stipulatum (Gagnep) K. Schum and Aframomum giganteum (Oliv. & Hanb) K. Schum as Aroma Tincto Oleo Crops resources: essential oil, fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols composition of different fruit parts of Congo varieties
Authors: Ngakegni‐Limbili Adolphe Christian , Zebib Bachar , Cerny Muriel , Tsiba Gouolally , Elouma Ndinga Arnold Murphy , Mouloungui Zéphirin , Fourastier Isabelle , Ouamba Jean‐Maurille 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Today, few known plant species provide both an essential oil (EO) and a vegetable oil (VO). Seed and husk of two Aframomum species were investigated and compared in terms of EO, fatty acids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols.RESULTS: EO yield reaches 15.3 g kg−1 in the seeds and 3.2 g kg−1 in the husks, while VO yield is 180.0 g kg−1 in the seeds and 25.0 g kg−1 in the husks. β‐Pinene, 1,8‐cineol, α‐selinene, terpine‐4‐ol, linalool, myrtenal and β‐caryophyllene are the major compounds of seed and husk EO. Fatty acid analysis of two Aframomum species shows that oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids were the major compounds of VO. Total sterol contents reached 4.3 g kg−1 in seed VO and 8.5 g kg−1 in husk VO. An appreciable amount of tocopherols (0.52 g kg−1) was found in seed VO.CONCLUSION: The seed and husk oil of A. stipulatum and A. giganteum fruits are rich sources of many bioactive constituents such as fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and tocotrienols. These tropical wild fruits can be considered as new Aroma Tincto Oleo Crops (ATOC) resources that contain both EOs and VOs. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of common genetic variants in pre‐microRNA in susceptibility and prognosis of esophageal cancer
Authors: Umar Meenakshi , Upadhyay Rohit , Prakash Garima , Kumar Shaleen , Ghoshal Uday Chand , Mittal Balraj 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGenetic variants in micro‐RNAs (miRNA) have been shown to affect progression, diagnosis, and prognosis of various malignancies; however, their role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) susceptibility is controversial. Therefore, we aimed to determine role of common genetic variants in cancer related pre‐miRNA in susceptibility and survival outcome of north Indian ESCC patients. We genotyped four common polymorphisms in pre‐miRNA: mir‐196a‐2C>T, mir‐146aG>C, mir‐499T>C, and mir‐423C>A in 289 incident ESCC cases (including 153 follow‐up cases) and 309 controls using PCR/PCR RFLP‐based methods. Binary logistic regression was applied for risk estimation, while Kaplan–Meier and Cox Regression tests were performed for survival analysis. We observed that none of the pre‐miRNA genetic variants were associated with ESCC or its clinical phenotypes independently, however, combined risk genotypes of four pre‐miRNA polymorphisms increased risk of ESCC in dose–response manner (Ptrend = 0.011). Specifically, patients with 2–4 risk genotypes of pre‐miRNA polymorphisms had 1.4‐fold higher risk of ESCC compared to patients with 0–1 risk genotypes (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.02–1.09, P‐value = 0.037). The risk was more pronounced in ESCC cases with upper‐third esophageal tumors. Moreover, cumulative but not independent effect of risk genotypes of pre‐miRNA polymorphisms was observed on survival outcome of ESCC patients. Cases with 2–4 risk genotypes had significantly lower median survival (11.60 vs. 30.2 months) and 2.3‐fold greater hazard of death compared to patients with 0–1 risk genotypes. In conclusion, the four studied common pre‐miRNA polymorphisms cumulatively affect susceptibility and survival of ESCC patients in north Indian population. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of anticipation and prediction in smooth pursuit eye movement control in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Helmchen Christoph , Pohlmann Jonas , Trillenberg Peter , Lencer Rebekka , Graf Julia , Sprenger Andreas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties in the control of self‐guided (i.e., internally driven) movements. The basal ganglia provide a nonspecific internal cue for the development of a preparatory activity for a given movement in the sequence of repetitive movements. Controversy surrounds the question of whether PD patients are capable of (1) anticipating (before an external trigger appears; i.e., anticipation) and (2) predicting movement velocity once a moving target shortly disappears from the visual scene (i.e., prediction). To dissociate between these two components, we examined internally driven (extraretinal generated) smooth pursuit eye movements in PD patients and age‐matched healthy controls by systematically varying target blanking periods of a trapezoidally moving target in four paradigms (initial blanking, midramp blanking, blanking after a short ramp, and no blanking). Compared to controls, PD patients showed (1) decreased smooth pursuit gain (without blanking), (2) deficient anticipatory pursuit (prolonged pursuit initiation latency; reduced eye velocity before target onset in the early onset blanking paradigm), and (3) preserved extraretinal predictive pursuit velocity (midramp target blanking). Deficient anticipation of future target motion was not related to either disease duration or the general motor impairment (UPDRS). We conclude that PD patients have difficulties in anticipating future target motion, which may play a role for the mechanisms involved in deficient gait initiation and termination of PD. In contrast, they remain unimpaired in their capacity of building up an internal representation of continuous target motion. This may explain the clinical advantage of medical devices that use visual motion to improve gait initiation (e.g., “PD glasses”). © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Intraoperative x‐ray to measure distance between DBS leads: A reliability study
Authors: Verhagen Metman Leo , Pilitsis Julie G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Bot Maarten , Bakay Roy A.E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:Many factors can jeopardize the accuracy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead placement. Confirmation of lead placement while the patient is still in the operating room would be advantageous. Intraoperative MRI or CT can identify placement errors, but these modalities can be cost‐ or time prohibitive. Intraoperative fluoroscopy may give information on the accuracy of the Y coordinate, but the accuracy of the X coordinate usually cannot be confirmed. When an object of known dimensions is present in the brain, such as a unilateral DBS lead, its dimensions can be used to calculate unknown distances. The objective of this study was to determine if intraoperative AP skull x‐ray accurately predicts the distance between DBS electrodes using postoperative MRI as the gold standard.Methods:The distance between 32 pairs of DBS leads was measured by 2 independent raters under blinded conditions on intraoperative AP x‐ray and postoperative axial and coronal MRI. Variable x‐ray magnification was accounted for using the formula: actual distance between 2 leads = (measured distance between DBS leads)/(average measured length of electrodes) × 7.5 mm.Results:The mean (± SD) distance on x‐ray was 22.62 ± 2.23 mm, on axial MRI 22.78 ± 1.90 mm, and on coronal MRI 22.79 ± 2.00 mm. ANOVA revealed no difference based on method (P = .887) or raters (P = .940). The intraclass correlation coefficient showed excellent interrater reliability,Conclusions:Intraoperative AP x‐ray accurately predicts the distance between DBS leads. The technique is especially useful when the location of the first DBS lead relative to the midline is known, such as during staged bilateral procedures or lead replacement procedures. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
EPR oxygen imaging and hyperpolarized 13C MRI of pyruvate metabolism as noninvasive biomarkers of tumor treatment response to a glycolysis inhibitor 3‐bromopyruvate
Authors: Matsumoto Shingo , Saito Keita , Yasui Hironobu , Morris H. Douglas , Munasinghe Jeeva P. , Lizak Martin , Merkle Hellmut , Ardenkjaer‐Larsen Jan Henrik , Choudhuri Rajani , Devasahayam Nallathamby , Subramanian Sankaran , Koretsky Alan P. , Mitchell James B. , Krishna Murali C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe hypoxic nature of tumors results in treatment resistance and poor prognosis. To spare limited oxygen for more crucial pathways, hypoxic cancerous cells suppress mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and promote glycolysis for energy production. Thereby, inhibition of glycolysis has the potential to overcome treatment resistance of hypoxic tumors. Here, EPR imaging was used to evaluate oxygen dependent efficacy on hypoxia‐sensitive drug. The small molecule 3‐bromopyruvate blocks glycolysis pathway by inhibiting hypoxia inducible enzymes and enhanced cytotoxicity of 3‐bromopyruvate under hypoxic conditions has been reported in vitro. However, the efficacy of 3‐bromopyruvate was substantially attenuated in hypoxic tumor regions (pO2 < 10 mmHg) in vivo using squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII)‐bearing mouse model. Metabolic MRI studies using hyperpolarized 13C‐labeled pyruvate showed that monocarboxylate transporter‐1 is the major transporter for pyruvate and the analog 3‐bromopyruvate in SCCVII tumor. The discrepant results between in vitro and in vivo data were attributed to biphasic oxygen dependent expression of monocarboxylate transporter‐1 in vivo. Expression of monocarboxylate transporter‐1 was enhanced in moderately hypoxic (8–15 mmHg) tumor regions but down regulated in severely hypoxic (<5 mmHg) tumor regions. These results emphasize the importance of noninvasive imaging biomarkers to confirm the action of hypoxia‐activated drugs. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spin‐echo magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7 T with frequency‐modulated refocusing pulses
Authors: Zhu He , Soher Brian J. , Ouwerkerk Ronald , Schär Michael , Barker Peter B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTwo approaches to high‐resolution SENSE‐encoded magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the human brain at 7 Tesla (T) with whole‐slice coverage are described. Both sequences use high‐bandwidth radiofrequency pulses to reduce chemical shift displacement artifacts, SENSE‐encoding to reduce scan time, and dual‐band water and lipid suppression optimized for 7 T. Simultaneous B0 and transmit B1 mapping was also used for both sequences to optimize field homogeneity using high‐order shimming and determine optimum radiofrequency transmit level, respectively. One sequence (“Hahn‐MRSI”) used reduced flip angle (90°) refocusing pulses for lower radiofrequency power deposition, while the other sequence used adiabatic fast passage refocusing pulses for improved sensitivity and reduced signal dependence on the transmit‐B1 level. In four normal subjects, adiabatic fast passage‐MRSI showed a signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement of 3.2 ± 0.5 compared to Hahn‐MRSI at the same spatial resolution, pulse repetition time, echo time, and SENSE‐acceleration factor. An interleaved two‐slice Hahn‐MRSI sequence is also demonstrated to be experimentally feasible. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of tibiofemoral kinematics using highly accelerated 3D radial sampling
Authors: Kaiser Jarred , Bradford Robert , Johnson Kevin , Wieben Oliver , Thelen Darryl G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the use of dynamic, volumetric MRI to measure 3D skeletal motion. Ten healthy subjects were positioned on a MR‐compatible knee loading device and instructed to harmonically flex and extend their knee at 0.5 Hz. The device induced active quadriceps loading with knee flexion, similar to the load acceptance phase of gait. Volumetric images were continuously acquired for 5 min using a 3D cine spoiled gradient‐echo sequence in conjunction with vastly under‐sampled isotropic projection reconstruction. Knee angle was simultaneously monitored and used retrospectively to sort images into 60 frames over the motion cycle. High‐resolution static knee images were acquired and segmented to create subject‐specific models of the femur and tibia. At each time frame, bone positions and orientations were determined by automatically registering the skeletal models to the dynamic images. Three‐dimensional tibiofemoral translations and rotations were consistent across healthy subjects. Internal tibia rotations of 7.8 ± 3.5° were present with 35.8 ± 3.8° of knee flexion, a pattern consistent with knee kinematic measures during walking. We conclude that vastly under‐sampled isotropic projection reconstruction imaging is a promising approach for noninvasively measuring 3D joint kinematics, which may be useful for assessing cartilage contact and investigating the causes and treatment of joint abnormalities. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Translation and validation of the Hong Kong Chinese version of the breastfeeding self‐efficacy scale—short form
Authors: Ip Wan‐Yim , Yeung Lai‐Shan , Choi Kai‐Chow , Chair Sek‐Ying , Dennis Cindy‐Lee 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHealthcare providers do not have a validated instrument to measure breastfeeding self‐efficacy among Hong Kong Chinese. In this study, we sought to translate the breastfeeding self‐efficacy scale—short form (BSES‐SF) into Hong Kong Chinese and to examine the psychometric properties in a sample of 185 breastfeeding mothers. The construct validity of the translated scale was supported by confirmatory factor analysis and known group analysis. The receiver operating characteristics analysis indicated that the total score of the translated scale at 48–72 hours after delivery could be a useful diagnostic tool for identifying mothers likely to discontinue breastfeeding prematurely, before 6 months postpartum. Further research to cross‐validate the suggested cut‐off value of the scale is recommended. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:450–459, 2012
Membrane and cytoplasmic marker exchange between malignant neoplastic cells and fibroblasts via intermittent contact: increased tumour cell diversity independent of genetic change
Authors: David Manu S , Huynh Minh D , Kelly Elizabeth , Rizos Helen , Coleman Hedley , Rogers Glynn , Zoellner Hans 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that human osteosarcoma cells (SAOS‐2) induce contact‐dependent apoptosis in endothelium, and expected similar apoptosis in human gingival fibroblasts (h‐GF) using SAOS‐2 alkaline phosphatase (AP) to identify cells. However, h‐GF apoptosis did not occur, despite reduction in AP‐negative h‐GF number (p < 0.01) and enhancement of this by h‐GF TNFα pretreatment (p < 0.01). We suggest that TNFα‐enhanced transfer of membrane AP from SAOS‐2 to h‐GF would explain these data. This idea was investigated using fluorescence prelabelled cells and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Co‐cultures of membrane‐labelled h‐GF (marker‐DiO) and SAOS‐2 (marker‐DiD) generated dual‐labelled cells, primarily at the expense of single labelled h‐GF (p < 0.001), suggesting predominant membrane transfer from SAOS‐2 to h‐GF. However, opposite directional transfer predominated when membrane labels were reversed; SAOS‐2 further expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) in cytoplasm and nuclei, and h‐GF additionally bore nuclear label (Syto59) (p < 0.001). Cytoplasmic exchange was investigated using h‐GF prelabelled with cytoplasmic DDAO‐SE and nuclear Syto59, co‐cultured with SAOS‐2 expressing GFP in cytoplasm and nuclei, and predominant cytoplasmic marker transferred from h‐GF to SAOS‐2 (p < 0.05). Pretreating h‐GF with TNFα increased exchange of membrane markers (p < 0.04) but did not affect either cell surface area profile or circularity. Dual‐labelled cells had a morphological phenotype differing from SAOS‐2 and h‐GF (p < 0.001). Time‐lapse microscopy revealed extensive migration of SAOS‐2 and cell process contact with h‐GF, with the appearance of SAOS‐2 indulging in ‘cellular sipping’ from h‐GF. Similar exchange of membrane was seen between h‐GF and with other cell lines (melanoma MeIRMu, NM39, WMM175, MM200‐B12; osteosarcoma U20S; ovarian carcinoma cells PE01, PE04 and COLO316), while cytoplasmic sharing was also seen in all cell lines other than U20S. We suggest that in some neoplasms, cellular sipping may contribute to phenotypic change and the generation of diverse tumour cell populations independent of genetic change, raising the possibility of a role in tumour progression. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histological variants of medulloblastoma are the most powerful clinical prognostic indicators
Authors: Massimino Maura , Antonelli Manila , Gandola Lorenza , Miceli Rosalba , Pollo Bianca , Biassoni Veronica , Schiavello Elisabetta , Buttarelli Francesca Romana , Spreafico Filippo , Collini Paola , Giangaspero Felice 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundMedulloblastoma histological classification has gained in importance and newer treatment protocols will include histology stratification. We centrally reviewed medulloblastoma cases from past 10 years reassessing their histology to ascertain its prognostic significance.MethodsSamples from 125 consecutive patients (99 males; 10 under age 3 years) were reviewed according to the two WHO classifications of 2000/2007.ResultsEighty‐two patients did not have metastases, the primary tumor was completely resected in 101. The median follow‐up was 96 months. Treatment was: our institutional protocol, that is, hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (HART), for 39 non‐metastatic cases up to 2003; according to the European PNET IV protocol in 31 cases; a HART‐based strategy in 39 metastatic cases; tailored to the age below 3 years and based on high‐dose chemotherapy in 10; and tailored to the patients conditions in 7. The 5‐year PFS/OS rates were 76% and 81%, respectively. Histology was classic in 93 cases, nodular/desmoplastic in 20, anaplastic/large‐cell in 9, and with extensive nodularity (MBEN) in 3. Stratification by residual disease after resection, metastases, age, or protocols was not prognostic. Histology suggested 5‐year PFS rates of 82% for the desmoplastic and MBEN variants, 78% for classic medulloblastoma, 44% for the anaplastic/large‐cell variants (P = 0.01). Multivariable analysis demonstrated statistically significant difference in PFS by histology (P = 0.02), due to the poor prognosis of anaplastic/large‐cell medulloblastoma.ConclusionsTailoring treatments to known risk factors cancelled all prognostic differences, except for anaplasia (not considered as such within previous trials) which proved the most powerful prognostic factor, warranting appropriate treatment intensification. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:210–216. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulsed Electric Field Extraction Enhanced Anti‐coagulant Effect of Fungal Polysaccharide from Jew's Ear (Auricularia auricula)
Authors: Li Changtian , Mao Xinxin , Xu Baojun 
Published: June 2012

IntroductionAs a Chinese herbal medicine, Jew's ear has been known for its anti‐coagulant effects. Hence it is worthwhile developing an effective technique to extract active components.ObjectiveTo find the optimal extraction condition and to identify the best strain to yield fungal polysaccharide with anti‐coagulant activity.MethodologyThree strains of Jew's ear from Jilin Province, named as 988, DY 18 and FS 02, and three extraction techniques, namely, high intensity pulsed electric fields (HIPEF), microwave‐assisted extraction method (MAEM) and ultrasonic‐assisted extraction method (UAEM), were applied to optimise the extraction conditions. The crude extracts and polysaccharides were further determined for anti‐coagulant activities.ResultsAll extracts prolonged blood clotting time as compared to reagent control. The HIPEF exhibited the most remarkable effect among the three extraction techniques. The anti‐coagulant activities of extracts were enhanced with increasing electric field strength when the field strength reached 24 kV/cm.ConclusionCurrent results suggest that the HIPEF technique will be an effective method in the manufacture of bioactive natural polysaccharide. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and electro‐optic properties of novel polyurethane containing the nitrophenylazoresorcinoxy group
Authors: Kim Mi Sung , Song Mi Young , Jeon Byeongman , Lee Ju‐Yeon 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel Y‐type polyurethane (polyurethane 3) containing 4‐(4‐nitrophenylazo)resorcinoxy groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which constitute part of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyurethane 3 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N‐dimethylformamide. It shows thermal stability up to 270 °C from thermogravimetric analysis with a glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of 102 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of the poled polymer film at 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 2.06 pm V−1. Polymer 3 exhibits thermal stability up to Tg, and no significant SHG decay is observed below 100 °C, which is acceptable for nonlinear optical device applications. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Orientation of carbon nanotubes in polypropylene melt
Authors: Kang Dong Woo , Ryu Sung Hun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe correlation between shear stress and the orientation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in an SWCNT/polypropylene composite during the melt process was investigated. Highly oriented composite fibers were produced by extruding the polypropylene melt using a capillary rheometer. The experimental range of shear rates covered those of common polymer melt‐shaping processes. The effect of functionalization of the SWCNTs on orientation was also investigated. Polarized Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the orientation of the SWCNTs. A high degree of SWCNT orientation was observed under high shear stress, and the functionalized SWCNTs induced a higher degree of orientation than did pristine SWCNTs. The existence of a critical shear stress was observed for the orientation of the SWCNTs, and their orientation was found to occur more efficiently above this critical shear stress. The crystallization temperature and heat of fusion were characterized using a differential scanning calorimeter, and both parameters were observed to increase with the incorporation of SWCNTs. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry