bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FGF signaling facilitates postinjury recovery of mouse hematopoietic system
Authors: Zhao Meng , Ross Jason T. , Itkin Tomer , Perry John M. , Venkatraman Aparna , Haug Jeffrey S. , Hembree Mark J. , Deng Chu-Xia , Lapidot Tsvee , He Xi C. , Li Linheng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion in vitro. However, it is unknown whether FGF promotes HSPC expansion in vivo. Here we examined FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression and investigated its in vivo function in HSPCs. Conditional knockout (CKO) of Fgfr1 did not affect phenotypical number of HSPCs and homeostatic hematopoiesis, but led to a reduced engraftment only in the secondary transplantation. When treated with 5-fluorouracil (5FU), the Fgfr1 CKO mice showed defects in both proliferation and subsequent mobilization of HSPCs. We identified megakaryocytes (Mks) as a major resource for FGF production, and further discovered a novel mechanism by which Mks underwent FGF-FGFR signaling dependent expansion to accelerate rapid FGF production under stress. Within HSPCs, we observed an up-regulation of nuclear factor κB and CXCR4, a receptor for the chemoattractant SDF-1, in response to bone marrow damage only in control but not in Fgfr1 CKO model, accounting for the corresponding defects in proliferation and migration of HSPCs. This study provides the first in vivo evidence that FGF signaling facilitates postinjury recovery of the mouse hematopoietic system by promoting proliferation and facilitating mobilization of HSPCs.
Comparison of health-related quality of life among patients using atypical antipsychotics for treatment of depression: results from the National Health and Wellness Survey
Authors: Kalsekar Iftekhar , Wagner Jan-Samuel , DiBonaventura Marco , Bates Jay , Forbes Robert , Hebden Tony 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Use of atypical antipsychotics (AA) in combination with an antidepressant is recommended as an augmentation strategy for patients with depression. However, there is a paucity of data comparing aripiprazole and other AAs in terms of patient reported outcomes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the levels of HRQoL and health utility scores in patients with depression using aripiprazole compared with patients using olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone.

Methods
Data were obtained from the 2009, 2010, and 2011 National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS), a cross-sectional, internet-based survey that is representative of the adult US population. Only those patients who reported being diagnosed with depression and taking an antidepressant and an atypical antipsychotic for depression were included. Patients taking an atypical antipsychotic for less than 2 months or who reported being diagnosed with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia were excluded. Patients taking aripiprazole were compared with patients taking other atypical antipsychotics. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health utilities were assessed using the Short Form 12-item (SF-12) health survey. Differences between groups were analyzed using General Linear Models (GLM) controlling for demographic and health characteristics.

Results
Overall sample size was 426 with 59.9% taking aripiprazole (n = 255) and 40.1% (n = 171) taking another atypical antipsychotic (olanzapine (n = 19), quetiapine (n = 127), risperidone (n = 14) or ziprasidone (n = 11)). Of the SF-12 domains, mean mental component summary (MCS) score (p = .018), bodily pain (p = .047), general health (p = .009) and emotional role limitations (p = .009) were found to be significantly higher in aripiprazole users indicating better HRQoL compared to other atypical antipsychotics. After controlling for demographic and health characteristics, patients taking aripiprazole reported significantly higher mean mental SF-12 component summary (34.10 vs. 31.43, p = .018), bodily pain (55.19 vs. 49.05, p = .047), general health (50.05 vs. 43.07, p = .009), emotional role limitations (49.44 vs. 41.83, p = .009), and SF-6D utility scores (0.59 vs. 0.56, p = .042).

Conclusions
Comparison of patients taking aripiprazole with a cohort of patients using another AA for depression demonstrated that aripiprazole was independently associated with better (both statistically and clinically) HRQoL and health utilities.
Systematic Evaluation of Key L-Carnitine Homeostasis Mechanisms during Postnatal Development in Rat
Authors: Ling Binbing , Aziz Caroline , Alcorn Jane 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
The conditionally essential nutrient, L-carnitine, plays a critical role in a number of physiological processes vital to normal neonatal growth and development. We conducted a systematic evaluation of the developmental changes in key L-carnitine homeostasis mechanisms in the postnatal rat to better understand the interrelationship between these pathways and their correlation to ontogenic changes in L-carnitine levels during postnatal development.

Methods
mRNA expression of heart, kidney and intestinal L-carnitine transporters, liver γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (Bbh) and trimethyllysine hydroxylase (Tmlh), and heart carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt) were measured using quantitative RT-PCR. L-Carnitine levels were determined by HPLC-UV. Cpt and Bbh activity were measured by a spectrophotometric method and HPLC, respectively.

Results
Serum and heart L-carnitine levels increased with postnatal development. Increases in serum L-carnitine correlated significantly with postnatal increases in renal organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (Octn2) expression, and was further matched by postnatal increases in intestinal Octn1 expression and hepatic γ-Bbh activity. Postnatal increases in heart L-carnitine levels were significantly correlated to postnatal increases in heart Octn2 expression. Although cardiac high energy phosphate substrate levels remained constant through postnatal development, creatine showed developmental increases with advancing neonatal age. mRNA levels of Cpt1b and Cpt2 significantly increased at postnatal day 20, which was not accompanied by a similar increase in activity.

Conclusions
Several L-carnitine homeostasis pathways underwent significant ontogenesis during postnatal development in the rat. This information will facilitate future studies on factors affecting the developmental maturation of L-carnitine homeostasis mechanisms and how such factors might affect growth and development.
A novel monoclonal antibody for detection of galectin-9 in tissue sections: application to human tissues infected by oncogenic viruses
Authors: Barjon Clément , Niki Toshiro , Vérillaud Benjamin , Opolon Paule , Bedossa Pierre , Hirashima Mitsuomi , Blanchin Stéphanie , Wassef Michel , Rosen Hugo R , Jimenez Anne-Sophie , Wei Ming , Busson Pierre 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Galectin-9 is a mammalian lectin which possesses immunosuppressive properties. Excessive production of galectin-9 has been reported in two types of human virus-associated diseases chronic hepatitis C and nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated to the Epstein-Barr virus. The objective of this study was to produce new monoclonal antibodies targeting galectin-9 in order to improve its detection in clinical samples, especially on tissue sections analysed by immunohistochemistry.

Methods
Hybridomas were produced through immunization of mice with the recombinant c-terminus part of galectin-9 (residues 191 to 355 of the long isoform) and semi-solid fusion of spleen cells with Sp2/0 cells. Monoclonal antibodies were characterized using ELISA, epitope mapping, western blot and immunohistochemistry.

Results
We selected seven hybridomas producing antibodies reacting with our recombinant c-terminus galectin-9 in ELISA. Five of them reacted with the epitope “TPAIPPMMYPHPA” (common to all isoforms, residues 210 to 222 of the long isoform) and stained all three isoforms of galectin-9 analysed by western blot. One of them, 1G3,demonstrated very good sensitivity and specificity when used for immunohistochemistry. Using 1G3, we could confirm the intense and constant expression of galectin-9 by Epstein-Barr virus positive malignant cells from nasopharyngeal carcinomas. In most samples, specific staining was detected in both cytoplasm and nuclei. Galectin-9 was also detected in liver biopsies from patients infected by the human hepatitis C or B viruses with expression not only in inflammatory leucocytes and Kupffer cells, but also in hepatocytes. In contrast, galectin-9 was virtually absent in non-infected liver specimens.

Conclusion
The 1G3 monoclonal antibody will be a powerful tool to assess galectin-9 expression and distribution especially in diseases related to oncogenic viruses.
Thrombosed traumatic aneurysm of the occipital artery: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rao Vikas Y , Hwang Steven W , Adesina Adekunle M , Jea Andrew 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Occipital artery aneurysms are very rare vascular lesions. Most cases reported in the literature have been post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the occipital artery.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 14-year-old Caucasian boy presented with a painless non-pulsatile scalp mass that developed rapidly after minor blunt head trauma. The scalp mass was excised six months after the trauma. A pathologic diagnosis of a thrombosed true aneurysm was made. Our patient has had no recurrence of the mass at 15 months follow-up.

Conclusions
We present a case of a true aneurysm of the occipital artery following minor head trauma. We review the literature for similar cases and discuss the difficulty of establishing a diagnosis prior to surgical intervention.
Isolated cardiac metastasis from plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Peck Joshua R , Hitchcock Charles L , Maguire Sara , Dickerson Jennifer , Bush Charles 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
A 57-year-old male with a history of hypertension presented with shortness of breath, intermittent substernal chest pain, subjective fevers, and a 30-pound weight loss. He was found to have a bladder mass four months prior to presentation, for which he underwent cystoscopy and surgical removal. Pathology demonstrated high-grade superficial plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma extending into the submucosa but not the muscularis propria. Given the superficial nature of his bladder cancer, a cystectomy was deferred. He was subsequently lost to follow-up care. On arrival, physical exam was notable for tachycardia, tachypnea, and distant heart sounds. An ECG showed an incomplete right bundle branch block and sinus tachycardia. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed a three-cm pericardial effusion. Transthoracic echocardiography confirmed this finding and revealed a mass in the right ventricle (RV) extending into the outflow tract and infiltrating the free wall. The RV was dilated with an estimated RV systolic pressure of 37 mmHg. Pericardiocentesis yielded nearly one liter of serosanguinous fluid with non-diagnostic cytology. Partial median sternotomy with biopsy showed pathologic findings consistent with metastatic urothelial carcinoma, plasmacytoid variant. A PET scan showed increased uptake exclusively in the heart. The oncology team discussed options with the patient including chemotherapy and palliative care. The patient decided to withhold further therapy and went home with hospice care. He died two months later.

Discussion

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men in the United States. Most patients (69%) with metastatic bladder cancer have multiple organs involved; conversely, our patient had a PET scan indicating his disease was localized to the heart. Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare subtype of bladder cancer, and is estimated to make up less than three percent of all invasive bladder carcinomas. At the time of this publication we are aware of only three other reported instances of isolated cardiac metastasis with urothelial bladder origin; none of which were the plasmacytoid variant.

Conclusion

This case highlights a previously unreported presentation of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma. Clinicians must remember that even superficial cancers can have significant metastatic potential.
BET bromodomain inhibition as a novel strategy for reactivation of HIV-1
Authors: Banerjee Camellia , Archin Nancie , Michaels Daniel , Belkina Anna C , Denis Gerald V , Bradner James , Sebastiani Paola , Margolis David M , Montano Monty 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
BET bromodomain antagonist JQ1 reactivates HIV-1, while suppressing T cell activation genes, and upregulating histone modification genes that favor increased Tat activity.
The persistence of latent HIV-1 remains a major challenge in therapeutic efforts to eradicate infection. We report the capacity for HIV reactivation by a selective small molecule inhibitor of BET family bromodomains, JQ1, a promising therapeutic agent with antioncogenic properties. JQ1 reactivated HIV transcription in models of latent T cell infection and latent monocyte infection. We also tested the effect of exposure to JQ1 to allow recovery of replication-competent HIV from pools of resting CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV-infected, ART-treated patients. In one of three patients, JQ1 allowed recovery of virus at a frequency above unstimulated conditions. JQ1 potently suppressed T cell proliferation with minimal cytotoxic effect. Transcriptional profiling of T cells with JQ1 showed potent down-regulation of T cell activation genes, including CD3, CD28, and CXCR4, similar to HDAC inhibitors, but JQ1 also showed potent up-regulation of chromatin modification genes, including SIRT1, HDAC6, and multiple lysine demethylases (KDMs). Thus, JQ1 reactivates HIV-1 while suppressing T cell activation genes and up-regulating histone modification genes predicted to favor increased Tat activity. Thus, JQ1 may be useful in studies of potentially novel mechanisms for transcriptional control as well as in translational efforts to identify therapeutic molecules to achieve viral eradication.
Requirements for NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase in neutrophil extracellular trap formation differ depending on the stimulus
Authors: Parker Heather , Dragunow Mike , Hampton Mark B , Kettle Anthony J , Winterbourn Christine C 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Neutrophil NET formation induced by PMA, bacteria, and ionomycin has different requirements for NADPH oxidase activity and myeloperoxidase.
Release of NETs by neutrophils is linked with immune protection and host damage. A variety of stimuli promotes NET formation. However, findings from different laboratories often vary, and it is possible that more than one mechanism of NET formation exists. NET formation induced by PMA has been shown to require NADPH oxidase activity, and there is evidence that the granule enzyme MPO is also involved. However, requirements for NADPH oxidase or MPO with other stimuli are less well established. We investigated the role of oxidants in NET formation by human neutrophils induced with PMA, several bacterial genera, and the calcium ionophore ionomycin. With the use of inhibitors of the NADPH oxidase and MPO, oxidant scavengers, and cells from a MPO-deficient individual, we observed that requirements for oxidant generation depend on the stimulus. NADPH oxidase activity was required with PMA and bacterial stimulation but not with ionomycin. Whereas MPO was required for efficient NET formation with PMA, incubation with bacteria induced NETs independently of MPO activity. Although the specific mechanisms whereby oxidants participate in NET formation remain to be clarified, it is possible that other stimuli that mobilize calcium act like ionomycin via an oxidant-independent mechanism, and it cannot be inferred from results with PMA that MPO is required with more physiological stimuli.
Social Influences on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lutgendorf Susan K. , De Geest Koen , Bender David , Ahmed Amina , Goodheart Michael J. , Dahmoush Laila , Zimmerman M. Bridget , Penedo Frank J. , Lucci Joseph A. , Ganjei-Azar Parvin , Thaker Premal H. , Mendez Luis , Lubaroff David M. , Slavich George M. , Cole Steven W. , Sood Anil K. 
Published: July 2012

PurposePrevious research has demonstrated relationships of social support with disease-related biomarkers in patients with ovarian cancer. However, the clinical relevance of these findings to patient outcomes has not been established. This prospective study examined how social support relates to long-term survival among consecutive patients with ovarian cancer. We focused on two types of social support: social attachment, a type of emotional social support reflecting connections with others, and instrumental social support reflecting the availability of tangible assistance.Patients and MethodsPatients were prospectively recruited during a presurgical clinic visit and completed surveys before surgery. One hundred sixty-eight patients with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer were observed from the date of surgery until death or December 2010. Clinical information was obtained from medical records.ResultsIn a Cox regression model, adjusting for disease stage, grade, histology, residual disease, and age, greater social attachment was associated with a lower likelihood of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.98; P = .018). The median survival time for patients with low social attachment categorized on a median split of 15 was 3.35 years (95% CI, 2.56 to 4.15 years). In contrast, by study completion, 59% of patients with high social attachment were still alive after 4.70 years. No significant association was found between instrumental social support and survival, even after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionSocial attachment is associated with a survival advantage for patients with ovarian cancer. Clinical implications include the importance of screening for deficits in the social environment and consideration of support activities during adjuvant treatment.
Local Macroeconomic Trends and Hospital Admissions for Child Abuse, 2000–2009
Authors: Wood Joanne N. , Medina Sheyla P. , Feudtner Chris , Luan Xianqun , Localio Russell , Fieldston Evan S. , Rubin David M. 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationship between local macroeconomic indicators and physical abuse admission rates to pediatric hospitals over time.METHODS:Retrospective study of children admitted to 38 hospitals in the Pediatric Hospital Information System database. Hospital data were linked to unemployment, mortgage delinquency, and foreclosure data for the associated metropolitan statistical areas. Primary outcomes were admission rates for (1) physical abuse in children &lt;6 years old, (2) non-birth, non-motor vehicle crash-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) in infants &lt;1 year old (which carry high risk for abuse), and (3) all-cause injuries. Poisson fixed-effects regression estimated trends in admission rates and associations between those rates and trends in unemployment, mortgage delinquency, and foreclosure.RESULTS:Between 2000 and 2009, rates of physical abuse and high-risk TBI admissions increased by 0.79% and 3.1% per year, respectively (P ≤ .02), whereas all-cause injury rates declined by 0.80% per year (P &lt; .001). Abuse and high-risk TBI admission rates were associated with the current mortgage delinquency rate and with the change in delinquency and foreclosure rates from the previous year (P ≤ .03). Neither abuse nor high-risk TBI rates were associated with the current unemployment rate. The all-cause injury rate was negatively associated with unemployment, delinquency, and foreclosure rates (P ≤ .007).CONCLUSIONS:Multicenter hospital data show an increase in pediatric admissions for physical abuse and high-risk TBI during a time of declining all-cause injury rate. Abuse and high-risk TBI admission rates increased in relationship to local mortgage delinquency and foreclosure trends.
Effect of Chronic Periodontitis on Oxidative Status in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sezer Ufuk , Erciyas Kamile , Üstün Kemal , Pehlivan Yavuz , Ziya Şenyurt Süleyman , Aksoy Nurten , Tarakçıoğlu Mehmet , Taysı Seyithan , Onat Ahmet Mesut 
Published: July 2012

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP) are the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and have remarkable similar pathologies. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of periodontal status on oxidative stress in patients with RA by evaluating serum oxidative parameters and prolidase levels.Methods: For this cross‐sectional comparative study, the following four groups were composed of 20 individuals each (80 individuals total): 1) RA with CP (RA‐CP group); 2) RA but periodontally healthy (RA‐C group); 3) systemically healthy with CP (CP group); and 4) systemically and periodontally healthy (C group). Demographic, periodontal, rheumatological, and serum oxidative parameters as determined by serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index (OSI), lipid hydroperoxide levels, paraoxonase, arylesterase, and ceruloplasmin activity, prolidase level, and total sulfhydryl groups were evaluated.Results: The OSI values of the RA‐CP group were statistically significantly higher than those of the C group (P <0.05). The prolidase levels of the RA‐C, RA‐CP groups and the CP group were statistically higher than those of the C group (P = 0.001, P = 0.007, and P = 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: Although CP and RA each increase oxidative stress, in a small sample size these effects are only significant when both CP and RA are combined relative to neither exposure. In addition, increased prolidase levels in patients with RA and CP may be related to increased oxidative tissue damage.
Foolproof eternal domination in the all-guards move model
Authors: Klostermeyer William , MacGillivray Gary 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The eternal domination problem requires a graph be protected against an infinitely long sequence of attacks at vertices, by guards located at vertices, with the requirement that the configuration of guards induces a dominating set at all times. An attack is defended by sending a guard from a neighboring vertex to the attacked vertex. We allow all guards to move to neighboring vertices in response to an attack, but allow the attacked vertex to choose which neighboring guard moves to the attacked vertex. This is the all-guards move version of the “foolproof” eternal domination problem that has been previously studied. We present some results and conjectures on this problem.
A representation of weak effect algebras
Authors: Chajda Ivan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Weak effect algebras were introduced by the author as a generalization of effect algebras and pseudoeffect algebras. It was shown that having a basic algebra, we can restrict its binary operation to orthogonal elements only and what we get is just a weak effect algebra. However, the converse construction is impossible due to the fact that the underlying poset of a basic algebra is a lattice which need not be true for weak effect algebras. Hence, we found a weaker structure than a basic algebra which can serve as a representation of a weak effect algebra.
Partial information systems and the Smyth powerdomain
Authors: Hart James 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The dual of the join semilattice of proper compact Scott open subsets of a domain D is called the Smyth powerdomain of D. The Smyth powerdomain is used in programming semantics as a model for demonic nondeterminism. In this paper, we introduce the concept of partial information systems; and, as an application, show that the Smyth powerdomain of any domain can be realized in terms of the sub partial information systems of the domain’s corresponding information system.