bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La variation spatiale de l'évapotranspiration potentielle journalière : essai de régionalisation à partir de la méthode des noyaux forts et aires de transition
Authors: Dubreuil Vincent 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Les sécheresses de 1989 et 1990 dans l'ouest de la France ont à nouveau souligné, comme en 1976, le poids des contraintes climatiques sur l'agriculture herbagère. Cet article expose une méthode de délimitation des régions climatiques pour la France de l'Ouest inspirée de celle utilisée par F. Durand-Dastès et L. Sanders en 1984 à l'échelle de la France entière. En retenant l'ETP Penman comme indice climatique sur les trois régions de Bretagne, Basse-Normandie et Pays-de-la-Loire et en soumettant ses valeurs journalières à des classifications ascendantes hiérarchiques mensuelles, on montre comment se regroupent les stations climatiques dans cette France armoricaine. Surgissent ainsi des limites climatiques connues (lignes de reliefs) entre des ensembles régionaux homogènes (Bocage Normand, Maine), mais également des secteurs parfois très étendus (une bonne partie de l'Ille-et- Vilaine) se définissant avant tout comme des aires de transition.
Le périurbain à La Rochelle. Utilisation des méthodes d'analyse des données
Authors: Anglade Francis 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
In a study about La Rochelle and its suburbs, the methods of data analysis have allowed to bring into light certain features of its structure. When analysing the main features, one can see on a graph that 55 communes have disappeared from the area. Using a method of classification, 9 groups can be identified and mapped. Subsequently one can notice that the rural-urban fringe forms à belt between the built-up and rural areas.
Changements périurbains autour de Poitiers
Authors: Soumagne Jean , Bouly Anne-Chantal , Fournier Isabelle 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
Since the Sixties counterurbanization has been very important around Poitiers; The extension has been lower during the Eighties but the « communes » previously counterurbanized have kept growing and becoming younger. The changes in lifestyle have induced problems of neighbourhood between the former inhabitants and the new ones. As the structure of shops and services has been changing the use of local facilities are varyable and changing according to the social categories.
Restitution de la température de la mer à partir des données du satellite NOAA/AVHRR
Authors: Antoine Jean-Yves , Derrien M , Gaillard O , Le Borgne P , Le Goas C , Marsouin A 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
This paper reviews first the basic problems raised by the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) restitution from A VHRR data, and the solutions adopted at CMS. In particular some results concerning the split window lagorithm errors at large satellite zenith angle will be discussed. Its lain topic concerns however the techniques Used in the operational small scale SST restitution at CMS. The objective of this activity is to provide the French Navy, the océanographie campaigns and some fishing activities with real time or climatological concerning the sea surface temperatures over the European seas. Six zones (2 000 * 2 000 km) have been defined inside the CMS acquisition circle : North Sea, Biscay, Canary Islands, Western Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean, Norwegian Sea. After preprocessing on the main computer, each zone (corresponding after sampling and mapping onto a stereopolar grid to a 1 024 * 1 024 pixel image) is analysed, every day, on the image processing system. Various studies or products are based on this processing suite, ranging from daily, weekly (etc.) charts to the making of an SST Atlas over Europe.
L'évolution démographique récente des îles du Ponant. L'amorce d'un renouveau insulaire
Authors: Péron Françoise 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Les résultats du recensement de 1990 confirment que les îles du Ponant sont en train d'amorcer un renouveau démographique qui leur a permis de tenir le cap de ces dix dernières années, sans perte catastrophique de population. Pour la première fois depuis 1911, le solde migratoire d'ensemble est positif. Pour être efficace, une politique de soutien de cette reprise, fragile et d'ampleur variable selon les îles, doit s'appuyer sur une réflexion menée en terme de systèmes île-continent, intégrant en particulier la nouvelle mobilité des jeunes et les caractéristiques de chaque diaspora insulaire.
Contribution à l'étude du littoral de la baie d'Audierne (Finistère). Nature et origine des minéraux lourds des plages
Authors: Chauris Louis 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
L'étude des minéraux lourds concentrés sur l'estran de la baie d'Audierne indique qu'un pourcentage important des sables littoraux présente une origine distale. Ces résultats sont en bon accord avec les données déduites antérieurement de l'examen des galets du cordon littoral.
Les mères de famille et la reprise de l'emploi. Etude de l'offre et de la demande à Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Authors: Hardill I , Green Anne E. 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Quelle que soit la situation socio-professionnelle des femmes mères de famille, leur réinsertion sur le marché du travail reste difficile après une grossesse. Cette étude faite dans la région de Newcastle présente les résultats comparés de deux circonscriptions radicalement différentes, la première située dans une banlieue en voie de paupérisation et la seconde dans une banlieue aisée. En dépit de quelques différences, il y a similitude du comportement des femmes face à l'insertion professionnelle.
L'Arc Atlantique : réalités, enjeux et stratégies
Authors: Renard Jean 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ

Le concept d'Arc atlantique, inventé en 1989, correspond-t-il à la réalité géographique des territoires de la façade atlantique ou est-il seulement un projet de dimension politique ?
Et quels sont les enjeux et les stratégies à l'œuvre dans ce processus de recomposition des territoires ?
Les ports de commerce de l'Arc atlantique européen
Authors: Marcadon Jacques 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
L'article, après avoir évoqué le passé maritime brillant de certains organismes portuaires et leurs problèmes de reconversion, montre que la faiblesse actuelle des liaisons maritimes internes à la façade atlantique n 'handicape pas les perspectives de développement grâce aux relations intra-communautaires, notamment avec les ports du nord-ouest. Une typologie portuaire est proposée, elle distingue différentes carégories de ports spécialisés, la vaste gamme des ports moyens et secondaires poly fonctionnels, enfin les quatre ports majeurs.
Saint-Nazaire ou le centre retrouvé : un exemple d'urbanisme commercial novateur
Authors: Desse René-Paul 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
In a rebuilt city, with a town-planning and an architecture considered by his inhabitants as mediocre, the trade has not been able to establish a real animated centre. Since the seventies, the increase of peripheral trade spreads out a dispersion of purchases between the three hypermarkets and the city-centre. The operation of « Centre- République», in 1988, organized by the city-council, has allowed to become dynamic a portion of the central area. The effects remain nevertheless restricted to the nearest trades.
Espace agricole et système de culture dans la Sarthe
Authors: Blondeau Pascal 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Dans la Sarthe, les résultats du dernier Recensement Général de l'Agriculture (1988) ont confirmé les grandes tendances de l'utilisation du sol agricole: moins de prés et prairies et plus de terres labourables consacrées aux céréales. Cette évolution prévisible a renforcé les caractères originaux de certaines régions agricoles qui se trouvent bien contrastées sur les cartes réalisées. Au contraire, l'instauration des quotas de production laitière en 1984, renforcés en 1986, peut être considérée comme une «nouvelle donne» pour de nombreuses unités agricoles. A partir des classements en systèmes d'exploitation proposés par les recensements officiels, et d'un échantillon d'enquêtes chez les agriculteurs, cet article essaie de mesurer la part de stabilité et de mutation dans les orientations économiques choisies depuis quelques années.
La dynamique fluviale du Cher dans la région de Saint-Amand-Montrond : évolution naturelle et impacts des prélèvements alluviaux
Authors: Larue J.P 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
Fluvial dynamics of the river Cher in the St Amand Montrond district : natural evolution and impact of alluvial extraction.
The consequences of the extraction of alluvia from the bed of the Cher, south of Bruère-Allichamps, are examined from the morphological and environmental standpoints. The environment of the valley is altered on a distance of 3 miles upstream, with the digging of the river, the creation of elongated subsidence zones in the alluvial plain, the falling of the water table and the disappearance of alluvial forest.
Tors et tourisme en Limousin
Authors: Moreau Thierry 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Les tors granitiques et pierres branlantes, très répandus en Limousin, ne sont à l'heure actuelle que très insuffisamment mis en valeur sur le plan touristique. Des aménagements ponctuels témoignent toutefois d'une prise de conscience du potentiel d'attraction de tels sites. Toute proposition de valorisation de ces «pierres curieuses» devra s'appuyer sur l'étroite relation unissant ici milieu naturel, approche scientifique et imaginaire collectif.
Les centres financiers offshore du monde britannique
Authors: Moindrot Claude 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
Offshore centres such as Bermuda, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, provide generous tax advantages to footloose businesses seeking a liberal environment. Although a member of the European Community, the Republic of Ireland was able to set up an International Financial Services Centre in Dublin that offers similar advantages. Competition is strong between European tax havens.
Le port de pêche et le port de commerce des Sables-d'Olonne (Vendée) en 1992
Authors: Bouhier Abel 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
L'état de crise qui s'était emparé du port de pêche des Sables-d'Olonne en 1991 s'est prolongé en 1992. Par contre, le port de commerce, au cours de cette même année 1992, a obtenu de bons résultats : son trafic global, sables compris, a, en effet, pour la première fois, dépassé les 550 000 tonnes.
La nouvelle urbanité américaine ou la ville « inversée »
Authors: Bruneau Pierre 
Published: February 2011

L'émigration centre-périphérie de l'ensemble de l'activité sociale au sein des régions métropolitaines est bien l'élément marquant des 25 dernières années aux Etats-Unis. Or, ce desserrement urbain s'est produit selon une logique de reconcentration de l'activité qui a fait surgir en zone suburbaine de nombreuses technovilles organisées en réseaux et donnant lieu à une nouvelle structure spatiale métropolitaine, dispersée et polycentrique.
Cette nouvelle urbanité américaine est en prise directe sur le système d'économie libérale marqué par le passage à une économie flexible privilégiant la désintégration verticale et spatiale de la production. Elle se construit aussi sur les bases explosives parce que créatrice d'un espace social marqué au coin de la spécialisation et de la ségrégation.
Risques climatiques et arboriculture fruitière dans la Sarthe
Authors: Blondeau Pascal , Gravier Jacques 
Published: February 2011

L' arboriculture fruitière demeure une production agricole très exposée aux accidents climatiques, les gelées tardives de printemps pouvant s'avérer catastrophiques lorsqu'elles surviennent en pleine floraison.
Cet article analyse tout particulièrement la calamité d'avril 1991 et les conséquences de ce gel exceptionnel sur les vergers de la Sarthe. Au-delà, l'étude économique des dernières récoltes européennes (campagne déficitaire de 1991, excédentaire de 1992) montre que les facteurs climatiques sont toujours une donnée déterminante, et non maîtrisable, d'une production fruitière de masse et qu'il faut tout mettre en œuvre pour gérer au mieux les débordements occasionnels.
Mechanism of Action of Type II, Glycoengineered, Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody GA101 in B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Whole Blood Assays in Comparison with Rituximab and Alemtuzumab
Authors: Bologna Luca , Gotti Elisa , Manganini Massimiliano , Rambaldi Alessandro , Intermesoli Tamara , Introna Martino , Golay Josée 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
We analyzed in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) whole blood assays the activity of therapeutic mAbs alemtuzumab, rituximab, and type II glycoengineered anti-CD20 mAb GA101. Whole blood samples were treated with Abs, and death of CD19+ B-CLL was measured by flow cytometry. Alemtuzumab efficiently lysed B-CLL targets with maximal lysis at 1–4 h (62%). In contrast, rituximab induced a more limited cell death (21%) that was maximal only at 24 h. GA101 killed B-CLL targets to a similar extent but more rapidly than rituximab, with 19.2 and 23.5% cell death at 4 and 24 h, respectively, compared with 7.9 and 21.4% for rituximab. Lysis by both rituximab and GA101 correlated directly with CD20 expression levels (r2 = 0.88 and 0.85, respectively). Interestingly, lysis by all three Abs at high concentrations was mostly complement dependent, because it was blocked by the anti-C5 Ab eculizumab by 90% in the case of alemtuzumab and rituximab and by 64% in the case of GA101. Although GA101 caused homotypic adhesion, it induced only limited (3%) direct cell death of purified B-CLL cells. Both rituximab and GA101 showed the same efficiency in phagocytosis assays, but phagocytosis was not significant in whole blood due to excess Igs. Finally, GA101 at 1–100 μg/ml induced 2- to 3-fold more efficient NK cell degranulation than rituximab in isolated B-CLL or normal PBMCs. GA101, but not rituximab, also mediated significant NK cell degranulation in whole blood samples. Thus, complement and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity are believed to be the major effector mechanisms of GA101 in whole blood assays.
CD2 Costimulation Reveals Defective Activity by Human CD4+CD25hi Regulatory Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Baecher-Allan Clare M. , Costantino Cristina M. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Ashley Charles W. , Beriou Gaëlle , Dominguez-Villar Margarita , Hafler David A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractStudying the activity of homogeneous regulatory T cell (Treg) populations will advance our understanding of their mechanisms of action and their role in human disease. Although isolating human Tregs exhibiting low expression of CD127 markedly increases purity, the resulting Treg populations are still heterogeneous. To examine the complexity of the Tregs defined by the CD127 phenotype in comparison with the previously described CD4+CD25hi subpopulations, we subdivided the CD25hi population of memory Tregs into subsets based on expression of CD127 and HLA-DR. These subsets exhibited differences in suppressive capacity, ability to secrete IL-10 and IL-17, Foxp3 gene methylation, cellular senescence, and frequency in neonatal and adult blood. The mature, short telomere, effector CD127loHLA-DR+ cells most strongly suppressed effector T cells within 48 h, whereas the less mature CD127loHLA-DR− cells required 96 h to reach full suppressive capacity. In contrast, whereas the CD127+HLA-DR− cells also suppressed proliferation of effector cells, they could alternate between suppression or secretion of IL-17 depending upon the stimulation signals. When isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis, both the nonmature and the effector subsets of memory CD127lo Tregs exhibited kinetically distinct defects in suppression that were evident with CD2 costimulation. These data demonstrate that natural and not induced Tregs are less suppressive in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Immune Evasion byHelicobacter pyloriIs Mediated by Induction of Macrophage Arginase II
Authors: Lewis Nuruddeen D. , Asim Mohammad , Barry Daniel P. , de Sablet Thibaut , Singh Kshipra , Piazuelo M. Blanca , Gobert Alain P. , Chaturvedi Rupesh , Wilson Keith T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHelicobacter pylori infection persists for the life of the host due to the failure of the immune response to eradicate the bacterium. Determining how H. pylori escapes the immune response in its gastric niche is clinically important. We have demonstrated in vitro that macrophage NO production can kill H. pylori, but induction of macrophage arginase II (Arg2) inhibits inducible NO synthase (iNOS) translation, causes apoptosis, and restricts bacterial killing. Using a chronic H. pylori infection model, we determined whether Arg2 impairs host defense in vivo. In C57BL/6 mice, expression of Arg2, but not arginase I, was abundant and localized to gastric macrophages. Arg2−/− mice had increased histologic gastritis and decreased bacterial colonization compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Increased gastritis scores correlated with decreased colonization in individual Arg2−/− mice but not in WT mice. When mice infected with H. pylori were compared, Arg2−/− mice had more gastric macrophages, more of these cells were iNOS+, and these cells expressed higher levels of iNOS protein, as determined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. There was enhanced nitrotyrosine staining in infected Arg2−/− versus WT mice, indicating increased NO generation. Infected Arg2−/− mice exhibited decreased macrophage apoptosis, as well as enhanced IFN-γ, IL-17a, and IL-12p40 expression, and reduced IL-10 levels consistent with a more vigorous Th1/Th17 response. These studies demonstrate that Arg2 contributes to the immune evasion of H. pylori by limiting macrophage iNOS protein expression and NO production, mediating macrophage apoptosis, and restraining proinflammatory cytokine responses.
Three Patients with Viral Breakthrough during Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b and Ribavirin Therapy: A Case Series
Authors: Kon Daigo , Goto Takashi , Miura Kouichi , Ohshima Shigetoshi , Shibuya Tomomi , Kataoka Ei , Sato Wataru , Dohmen Takahiro , Anezaki Yumiko , Ishii Hajime , Yamada Ikuhiro , Kamada Kentaro , Ohnishi Hirohide 
Published: February 2011

Introduction A viral breakthrough occurs when a patient achieves a response while on interferon (IFN) therapy and then loses the response despite continued IFN therapy. The cause of viral breakthroughs is not well understood. We encountered three cases with viral breakthrough during treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). Case presentation The three cases were all late virological responders. They did not express anti-IFN alpha-2b antibodies after PEG-IFN and RBV therapy. We analyzed amino acid substitutions of core 70, core 91, and interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR), which significantly influence sustained virological response (SVR). Their amino acid substitutions of core 91 were mutant in two cases. Amino acid substitutions of ISDR were wild pattern in two cases. PEG-IFN adherence was above 80% in three cases, and RBV adherence was below 80% in two cases. Conclusion During PEG-IFN and RBV therapy, we should watch for viral breakthrough in late virological responders with mutant type of amino acid substitutions of core 91, wild pattern of amino acid substitution of ISDR, and decrease of RBV adherence. Viral breakthrough is an important problem in PEG-IFN and RBV therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Therefore, it should be investigated more thoroughly in more cases.
Instrument of collection of data for the attendance to the aged one in the of health the family program
Authors: Porto Maria Luiza Lucena , Nóbrega Maria Miriam Lima 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTStudy of the methodological type that had as objective the construction and validation of an instrument of collection of data for the attendance to the aged one in the Health of the Family Program, anchored in the Theory of the Basic Needs of the Human Beings of Horta. For construction of instrument, used it literature specialized of area of nursing gerontology/geriatric, for identification of manifestations of necessities human beings basic in aged, that they had been submitted the content validation, to nurses of the area, being used in the construction of the instruments alone the manifestations that had presented weighed mean ³0.80. In the choice of the format and structure of the instrument, opted if for the use of the evaluation functionary, cognitive evaluation, evaluation of the partner-familiar situation and the evaluation of the basic necessities of care of the aged one. Descriptors: nursing; basic need; care; aged; aging.RESUMOEstudo do tipo metodológico que teve como objetivo a construção e validação de um instrumento de coleta de dados para o atendimento ao idoso cadastrado no Programa de Saúde da Família, ancorado na Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas de Horta. Na construção do instrumento, utilizou-se a literatura especializada da área de enfermagem gerontogeriátrica, e para a identificação das manifestações das necessidades humanas básicas no idoso, estas foram submetidas à validação de conteúdo, por enfermeiras da área, sendo utilizada na construção do instrumento só as manifestações que apresentaram média ponderada ³0.80. Na escolha do formato e estrutura do instrumento, optou-se pela utilização da avaliação funcional, avaliação cognitiva, avaliação da situação sócio-familiar e a avaliação das necessidades básicas de cuidado do idoso. Descritores: enfermagem; necessidade básica; cuidado; idoso; envelhecimento.RESUMENEstudio de tipo metodológico que tuvo como objetivo la construcción y la validación de un instrumento de recolección de datos para la atención de ancianos en el Programa de Salud de la Familia, basado en la teoría de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas de Horta. Para la construcción del instrumento, fue utilizada la literatura especializada del área de enfermería gerontología/geriátrica, para la identificación de manifestaciones de las necesidades humanas básicas en el anciano; estas fueron sometidas a la validación de contenido, por enfermeras del área, siendo utilizada en la construcción del instrumento solamente las manifestaciones que presentaron media ponderada ³0.80. En la elección del formato y de la estructura del instrumento, se optó por la utilización de la evaluación funcional, la evaluación cognoscitiva, la evaluación de la situación socio-familiar y la evaluación de las necesidades básicas del cuidado del anciano. Descriptores: enfermería; necesidad básica; cuidado; anciano; envejeciendo.
Aging of Stretched Rubber
Authors: Kelly Arthur , Taylor Bert S. , Jones Webster N. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Sunlight aging under tension of many compounds including the following has been investigated: tire tread shoe upper, tube stocks, golf ball thread, jar rubber, solid tire, bathing cap stock, channel rubber. With some of these stocks the sunlight aging as been compared with unstretched samples by Geer oven, Bierer bomb, and ultra-violet light methods. The stretching of the test strips accelerates deterioration in sunlight, ultra-violet light, and Geer oven. Stretched samples have not yet been tested in the Bierer bomb. The rate of deterioration was not proportional to the degree of stretch in any of the stocks in the early stages of exposure. In sunlight there is a critical elongation for each stock at which the deterioration progresses more rapidly than at any other in the early stages of aging. No direct relationship was found between the results of sunlight aging and the other methods employed. Stretched strips aged in ultra-violet light were found to give softer stress-strain curves than the unaged samples, whereas sunlight aging under the same conditions stiffens the stress-strain curve.
Activity of Certain Aryl-Substituted Biguanides as Accelerators of Vulcanization
Authors: Smith G. B. L. , Weiss A. J. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Aryl-substituted biguanides are rubber vulcanization accelerators of moderate activity. The relation between the chemical constitution of the substituted radicals and the activity of the biguanides is, in general, about the same as found by other investigators for other types of accelerators. α-o-Tolylbiguanide has a fairly great activity in certain commercial rubber stocks.