bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new C‐furyl glycosides bearing substituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles
Authors: El‐Sayed Wael A. , Abbas Hebat‐Allah S. , Mohamed Ashraf M. , Abdel‐Rahman Adel A.‐H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNew 2,5‐disubstituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives bearing C‐furyl glycoside moieties and their sugar hydrazone as well as their per‐O‐acetyl derivatives were synthesized starting from ethyl 2‐[5‐(3,4‐dihydroxytetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl)‐2‐methylfuran‐3‐yl]‐2‐oxoacetate. Heterocyclization of the sugar hydrazones using acetic anhydride afforded the corresponding oxadiazoline acyclic C‐nucleosides. The antimicrobial activity evaluation showed that many of the synthesized compounds revealed moderate to high antimicrobial activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011)
Dendritic EGFP‐STIM1 activation after type I metabotropic glutamate and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation in hippocampal neuron
Authors: Ng Ai Na , Krogh Morten , Toresson Håkan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSeveral signaling pathways in neurons engage the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store by triggering calcium release. After release, ER calcium levels must be restored. In many non‐neuronal cell types, this is mediated by store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE), a cellular homeostatic mechanism that activates specialized store‐operated calcium channels (SOC). Although much evidence supports the existence of SOCE in neurons, its importance has been difficult to determine because of the abundance of calcium channels expressed and the lack of SOC‐specific pharmacological agents. We have explored the function of the SOCE‐inducing protein STIM1 in neurons. In EGFP‐STIM1‐expressing hippocampal neurons, the sarco‐ and endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor thapsigargin caused rapid aggregation (i.e., activation) of STIM1 in soma and dendrites. Upon STIM1 activation by thapsigargin, a dramatic reduction in STIM1 mobility was detected by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). By triggering release of ER calcium with 3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) or carbachol (Cch), agonists of type I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR), respectively, STIM1 was activated, and calcium entry (likely to represent SOCE) occurred in dendrites. It is therefore possible that neuronal SOCE is activated by physiological stimuli, some of which may alter the postsynaptic calcium signaling properties. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Responses to adversarial situations and collective intelligence
Authors: Woolley Anita Williams 
Published: April 2011

AbstractResponses to threat and adversity, including responses to terrorist threats, are becoming an important influence on social behavior in an increasing number of settings. This paper considers the influence of strategic orientation on the responses individuals and groups may exhibit in adversarial situations, and the consequences of these responses for organizational and societal functioning and collective intelligence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The low latitude influence on winter rainfall in Victoria, South‐Eastern Australia—II. Relationships with the southern oscillation and Australian region circulation
Authors: Wright W. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this companion to Part I (Wright, 1988a) of the study on low latitude influences on Victorian rainfall, northern Victorian winter rainfall variability is shown to be dominated by ‘interacting’ (I) fronts, and both parameters are then related to atmospheric circulation anomalies in the Australian region and the Southern Oscillation. The major circulation features accompanying extreme wet and dry winter months in northern Victoria are identified from composited sea level pressure, 500 h Pa height, and 200 h Pa wind fields. Wet winters are characterized by a vigorous subtropical westerly circulation at middle and upper tropospheric levels, a relatively weak subtropical high pressure belt over Australia, and above normal amplitude of the climatological mean long‐wave trough in western Australian longitudes. The intensity and frequency of I frontal systems influencing southeastern Australia is shown to be strongly related to these features, and to cloudiness over the tropical Indian Ocean northwest of Australia, a major source‐region for cloudbands involved in the interactions.In turn, above normal trough amplitude and cloudiness, a weak subtropical high pressure belt, and frequent and relatively well‐developed interactions, are all shown to be characteristic of winters in which the Tahiti‐Darwin Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is positive. Anomalies tend to be in the opposite sense during negative SOI winters, which feature infrequent, generally poorly developed, interactions, and much lighter rainfall. The dual association of these circulation and cloudiness features with both the SOI and northern Victorian rainfall strongly suggests that I fronts provide the well‐known link between the SOI and northern Victorian rainfall. The current results are discussed in relation to results from other recent studies on synoptic associations with anomalous heat‐sources.
The southern oscillation and South African summer rainfall
Authors: Van Heerden Johan , Terblanche Deon E. , Schulze Gerhard C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractUsing data since 1882 the relationship between summer rainfall over South Africa and the ENSO phenomenon is investigated. A strong association between Warm Events and dry spells, and between Cold Events and wet spells is discussed. The temporal and spatial variability in the relationship is presented. Rainfall during December and March correlates significantly with the previous winter's SOI but rainfall during the mid‐summer months, January and February, shows much weaker correlation. A significant relationship is detected between the summer rainfall and mean monthly geopotentials as well as the 850–500 hPa thermal wind over the central parts of South Africa. Distinctions are made between the dominant rain‐producing systems with regard to these parameters. During January and February, when the SO/rainfall relationship is fairly weak, rainfall develops in a predominantly quasi‐barotropic circulation. On the other hand, during December and March the most significant SO/rainfall correlation coincides with a shift to baroclinic systems. Analysis suggests that a clear signal of the SO can be observed in the phase and amplitude of summertime synoptic‐scale baroclinic systems over the South African region.
An investigation of winds up to 300 hPA over Turkey between 1970 and 1984
Authors: Erdoǧmuş Fevzi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTurkish radiosonde data obtained at the meteorological stations in Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir have been analysed in order to study the winds between 850 hPa and 300 hPa pressure levels between 1970 and 1984. The monthly mean values of both the zonal (ū) and the meridional (v̄) wind velocity components, their variances, σ2u and σ2v, and the monthly mean values of wind direction, α, were statistically determined. The constancy, Q, of the winds was then computed by taking the ratio of the monthly mean resultant wind speed (V̄t) and the monthly mean scalar wind speed (V̄s). The results were interpreted by taking local wind patterns into consideration.
PI3Kγ deletion reduces variability in the in vivo osteolytic response induced by orthopaedic wear particles
Authors: Greenfield Edward M. , Tatro Joscelyn M. , Smith Matthew V. , Schnaser Erik A. , Wu Dianqing 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOrthopedic wear particles activate a number of intracellular signaling pathways associated with inflammation in macrophages and we have previously shown that the phosphoinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is one of the signal transduction pathways that mediates the in vitro activation of macrophages by orthopedic wear particles. Since PI3Kγ is primarily responsible for PI3K activity during inflammation, we hypothesized that PI3Kγ mediates particle‐induced osteolysis in vivo. Our results do not strongly support the hypothesis that PI3Kγ regulates the overall amount of particle‐induced osteolysis in the murine calvarial model. However, our results strongly support the conclusion that variability in the amount of particle‐induced osteolysis between individual mice is reduced in the PI3Kγ−/− mice. These results suggest that PI3Kγ contributes to osteolysis to different degrees in individual mice and that the mice, and patients, that are most susceptible to osteolysis may be so, in part, due to an increased contribution from PI3Kγ. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1649–1653, 2011
Late Quaternary tephra layers around Raoul and Macauley Islands, Kermadec Arc: implications for volcanic sources, explosive volcanism and tephrochronology
Authors: Shane Phil , Wright Ian C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA suite of deep‐sea cores were collected along transects up to 100 km across the fore‐arc and back‐arc regions of the predominantly submarine Kermadec arc near Raoul and Macauley islands, southwest Pacific. The cores reveal a macroscopic tephra record extending back >50 ka. This is a significant addition to the dated record of volcanism, previously restricted to fragmented late Holocene records exposed on the two islands. The 27 macroscopic tephra layers display a wide compositional diversity in glass (∼50–78 wt% SiO2). Many tephra layers comprise silicic shards with a subordinate mafic shard population. This could arise from magma mingling and may reflect mafic triggering of the silicic eruptions. Broadly, the glass compositions can be distinguished on diverging high‐K and low‐K trends, most likely arising from different source volcanoes. This distinction is also reflected in the tephra records exposed on Raoul (low‐K) and Macauley (high‐K) islands, the likely source areas. Heterogeneous tephra comprising shards of both high‐ and low‐K affinity, silicic and mafic compositions, and more homogeneous tephra with subordinate outlier shard compositions, are best explained by post‐depositional mixing of separate eruption deposits or contemporaneous eruptions. Evidently, the slow sedimentation rates of the calcareous oozes (∼101–102 mm ka−1) were insufficient to adequately separate and preserve closely spaced eruption deposits. This exemplifies the difficulty in assessing eruption frequencies and magmatic trends, and erecting a tephrostratigraphy, using geochemical fingerprinting in such environments. Despite these difficulties, the ca. 5.7 ka Sandy Bay Tephra erupted from Macauley Island can be correlated over a distance of >100 km, extending east and west of the island, showing that the mostly submerged volcanoes are capable of wide tephra dispersal. Hence there is potential for developing chronostratigraphies for the southwest Pacific beyond the region covered by the extensive rhyolite marker beds from the Taupo Volcanic Zone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic impact of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase expression on pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients treated with S‐1‐based adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection
Authors: Kondo Naru , Murakami Yoshiaki , Uemura Kenichiro , Sudo Takeshi , Hashimoto Yasushi , Nakashima Akira , Ohge Hiroki , Sueda Taijiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) in patients treated with S‐1‐based chemotherapy after surgical resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.MethodsIntratumoral TS, DPD, and OPRT expression was investigated in 106 patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Associations between clinicopathological factors, including intratumoral TS, DPD, and OPRT expression, and survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOf 106 patients, 72 had received S‐1‐based adjuvant chemotherapy (S‐1(+) group), and 34 had not (S‐1(−) group). High TS, DPD, and OPRT expression was observed in 64%, 37%, and 66% of patients, respectively. Among S‐1(+) group patients, survival was significantly better for patients with low DPD expression than for patients with high DPD expression (P = 0.022). Intratumoral DPD expression was the only independent prognostic factor for patients treated with S‐1‐based adjuvant chemotherapy by multivariate analysis (P = 0.037). Intratumoral TS and OPRT expression did not appear to influence survival.ConclusionsIntratumoral DPD expression may be a relevant predictive marker of survival benefit associated with S‐1‐based adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:146–154. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal concentration of hepatocyte growth factor for treatment of the aged rat vocal fold
Authors: Suehiro Atsushi , Wright Harry , Rousseau Bernard 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) demonstrates beneficial properties in the treatment of aged vocal folds. However, the optimal concentration of HGF remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of HGF concentration on treatment of the aged rat vocal fold.Study Design:Prospective animal study.Methods:Seventy‐five rats were studied. The rats were divided into five groups and received serial injections of HGF in 10 μL of phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at the following concentrations: 10 ng/10 μL, 50 ng/10 μL, 100 ng/10 μL, 200 ng/10 μL, or control (PBS only). Alcian blue staining was performed to investigate hyaluronan (HA), and immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate collagen type I and III. Gene expression of hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS)‐1, ‐2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐2, ‐9, and procollagen I and III were also investigated using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results:Histologic analyses revealed increased HA and decreased collagen type I in rats receiving injections of HGF at 100 ng/10 μL. Results were supported by RT‐PCR revealing upregulated expression of HAS‐2, decreased expression of procollagen I, and a significant increase of MMP‐9 mRNA in rats receiving HGF at 100 ng/10 μL.Conclusions:We report the first in vivo concentration study of HGF for treatment of the aged vocal fold. Results revealed desirable biochemical effects of HGF at 100 ng/10 μL. These data will be used to provide immediate direction to programmatic efforts aimed at examining future applications of HGF for treatment of the aged vocal fold.
The triological society 2011 presidential address
Authors: Berke Gerald S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Triological Society 2011 Presidential Address was presented at The Triological Society's 2011 Combined Sections Meeting in Scottsdale, Arizona, Thursday January 27–29, 2011, by Gerald Berke, MD. The address captures the president's inspiration for the annual address as the past, present, and future of otolaryngology. A review of the financing and economics of health care in the United States over time is presented, and the future of health care with reference to otolaryngology is discussed. The address focused on the percentage increase in gross domestic product assigned to medical care in the United States owing to the emergence, adoption, and widespread diffusion of new medical technologies and services. It showed that a significant proportion of the expense goes to hospitals and physician/clinical services. It refuted many of the current criticisms of medical care in the United States, pointing out that neonatal death rates in the United States include all gestational ages, but many countries only use full‐term births in their statistics; also, longevity is excellent when deaths due to motor vehicle accidents and homicides are adjusted. Furthermore, survival rates for common malignancies and myocardial infarctions are better in the United States than in many countries. The address related the president's memories of medical care in the United States as an intern and young resident. It went on to discuss the concept of treating diseased organs ex vivo and reimplanting them without systemic side effects within the next 25 years but cautioned that future medical advances may be moderated by a reliance on evidence‐based studies before new technologies can be adopted. Finally, it emphasized physician's altruistic motivations for choosing this profession despite future economic realities in coming years.
Change in epworth sleepiness scale after surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Yaremchuk Kathleen , Tacia Brandy , Peterson Edward , Roth Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the effect of surgical intervention for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on patients' level of excessive daytime sleepiness as determined by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The ESS questionnaire is a validated measure of subjective daytime sleepiness. There have been several studies that have shown that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves excessive daytime sleepiness in OSA patients as measured by the ESS.Study Design:Retrospective case series.Methods:This is a study of patients who had uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP); UPPP and tonsillectomy; or UPPP, tonsillectomy, and radiofrequency ablation of the base of the tongue for OSA between January 2007 and December 2009. Forty patients were identified who met the criteria of having had an ESS evaluation and polysomnography prior to surgery for OSA.Results:Across all of the patients there was a mean reduction of their ESS by 5.6 ± 4.1; t = 8.82, P < .001. Only three of the patients did not improve in their ESS scores after surgical treatment for OSA.Conclusions:Surgical intervention for OSA significantly improves sleepiness in OSA patients as measured by the ESS. Two meta‐analyses of multiple, randomized, controlled studies showed patients with mild to moderate OSA treated with CPAP demonstrated an improvement in the ESS score of 1.2 points (95% confidence interval, 0.05‐1.9, P = .001) and 2.94 points for patients with mild to severe OSA treated with CPAP. The results of this study show an improvement in ESS after surgery that is substantially higher than previously reported with CPAP for all categories of OSA.
Otologic diagnoses in the elderly
Authors: Lin Harrison W. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To establish the current outpatient workload for otologic conditions in the elderly and to estimate its potential increase based on an anticipated aging population.Study Design:Cross‐sectional analysis of a national database.Methods:All outpatient clinic visits for patients aged ≥65 years receiving one of six common otologic diagnoses from 2005 to 2007 in the United States were determined from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. The distribution of the visits for these diagnoses across 15 specialties was assessed. The number of visits was projected to the 2020 population based on changes in population demographics predicted by the US Census Bureau.Results:An estimated 4.48 ± 0.49 million clinic visits with an otologic issue as a coded diagnosis were conducted in 2005 to 2007 in patients aged ≥65 years. These consisted of 230,000 visits for benign positional paroxysmal vertigo, 263,000 visits for vestibular neuritis, 292,000 visits for Meniere's disease, 1.09 million visits for tinnitus, and 2.85 million visits for sensorineural hearing loss. Otolaryngology, internal medicine, family practice, and neurology managed the most visits, seeing 57.0%, 21.0%, 14.3%, and 2.2% of the cases, respectively. With expected changes in population demographics by 2020, annual clinic visits for an otologic diagnosis will increase from 1.49 ± 0.78 million to 2.14 million visits in the elderly, annualized, including 1.218 million visits to otolaryngology.Conclusions:These data quantify the current outpatient otology workload and predict a substantial increase for many specialties, including otolaryngology. Efforts to prepare for this increase including manpower planning and education appear imperative.
Construction of G‐Hilbert schemes
Authors: Blume Mark 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper we construct G‐Hilbert schemes for finite group schemes G. We find a construction of G‐Hilbert schemes as relative G‐Hilbert schemes over the quotient that does not need the Hilbert scheme of n points, works under more natural assumptions and gives additional information about the morphism from the G‐Hilbert scheme to the quotient. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Hybrid Steered Molecular Dynamics‐Docking: An Efficient Solution to the Problem of Ranking Inhibitor Affinities Against a Flexible Drug Target.
Authors: Whalen Katie L. , Chang Kevin M. , Spies M. Ashley 
Published: April 2011

AbstractExisting techniques which attempt to predict the affinity of protein‐ligand interactions have demonstrated a direct relationship between computational cost and prediction accuracy. We present here the first application of a hybrid ensemble docking and steered molecular dynamics scheme (with a minimized computational cost), which achieves a binding affinity rank‐ordering of ligands with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.79 and an RMS error of 0.7 kcal/mol. The scheme, termed Flexible Enzyme Receptor Method by Steered Molecular Dynamics (FERM‐SMD), is applied to an in‐house collection of 17 validated ligands of glutamate racemase. The resulting improved accuracy in affinity prediction allows elucidation of the key structural components of a heretofore unreported glutamate racemase inhibitor (Ki=9 µM), a promising new lead in the development of antibacterial therapeutics.
Structure analysis for concrete‐faced rockfill dams based on information entropy theory and finite element method
Authors: Su Huaizhi , Hu Jiang , Wen Zhiping 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYNumerical simulation methods are extensively used to analyze the stress and displacement of concrete‐faced rockfill dams (CFRD). The results of these methods are influenced by fuzzy factors, i.e. geometric features, material properties, loads and boundary conditions, which exist widely in the engineering of CFRD as a kind of commonly uncertain factor. To solve this problem, the information entropy theory and the conventional method of structure analysis, namely, finite element method (FEM), were combined in this work. Information entropy, as an effective tool of measuring uncertainty, was used to represent the uncertainty of CFRD. Based on the model that can transform fuzzy information entropy into random information entropy, fuzzy structure can be transformed into equivalent random structure, then mechanical characteristics of CFRD were analyzed by well‐developed stochastic FEM. As an example, one CFRD was chosen to analyze the structure, and the result shows that this method is effective. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of mixed and enhanced finite elements for strain localization in hypoplasticity
Authors: Trinh B. T. , Hackl K. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYDisplacement and mixed finite element formulations of shear localization in materials are presented. The formulations are based on hypoplastic constitutive laws for soils and the mixed enhanced treatment involving displacement, strain and stress rates as independently varied fields. Included in these formulations are the standard displacement method, the three‐field mixed formulation, the enhanced assumed strain method and the mixed enhanced strain method. Several numerical examples demonstrating the capability and performance of the different finite element formulations are presented. The numerical results are compared with available experimental data for Hostun RF sand and numerical results for Karlsruhe sand on biaxial tests. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.