bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An underwater television survey of facies variation on the inner Scottish shelf between Colonsay, Islay and Jura
Authors: Farrow George , Scoffin Terence , Brown Brian , Cucci Maurice 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis

Using underwater television, eleven recurrent bottom facies have been identified and mapped over an area of about 250 km
2
. Bare rock areas are rare:
Turritella
-rich fine sands with trails, and crustacean-burrowed muds widespread. Coarse sands, fining northwards from megaripple fields in the Sound of Islay and the Passage of Oronsay are dominantly of biogenic origin. The kelp
Laminaria saccharina
was seen rooted in gravelly parts of the megaripple field in the former area (one of strong tidal currents but reduced wave action) where the calcareous alga
Lithothamnium
is an important contributor. Barnacles and molluscs dominate in the latter region, which is more exposed to Atlantic swell. Extensive spreads of
Modiolus
seem to rest on a tough clay surface, possibly of eroded late-Glacial material which also probably underlies Tarbert Bank, since it crops out along its eastern margin. The rippled sand body located on the Bank could represent residual out-wash.

Facies analysis by combined underwater television and grab/dredge/box coring is optimal for shelf waters of intermediate depth (10–100 m): it reveals particularly well vagile epifauna, normally missed by conventional grabbing. In addition, it permits sediment/faunal samples to be studied in a truer perspective.
Differentiation of facies by television scores over bottom sampling in higher energy, coarser sediments; but in lower energy muds and fine sands of the level bottom, where infauna dominate, biofacies analysis by faunal clustering and resin impregnation of internal structures will probably achieve greater refinement
Anatomy of a Lower Permian aeolian sandstone complex, Southern Scotland
Authors: Brookfield M. E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Aeolian sandstones of Lower Permian age occur in the centres of fault-bounded intermontane basins in the southern Uplands of Scotland. At Locharbriggs, Dumfriesshire, three quarries expose vertical faces up to 20 metres high and 150 metres long in which the aeolian cross-lamination is cut by three different bounding surfaces of different hierarchical order. These surfaces indicate that the aeolian sandstones can be interpreted in terms of dunes climbing over larger bedforms called draas. Analysis of the cross-lamination and grain sizes show that the bedforms responsible for the strata were of transverse type with longitudinal elements.
A sequence of Lateglacial ice-dammed lakes in East Argyll
Authors: Ballantyne C. K. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
During the period of glacial retreat that followed the Loch Lomond Advance maximum, a sequence of ice-dammed lakes formed in the Loch Tulla area of East Argyll, Scotland. The main evidence for this lake sequence consists of abandoned shorelines at altitudes of 332 m, 323 m, 319 m, 315 m and 248 m above sea level. These shorelines are restricted to the eastern part of the Tulla basin, and their altitudes correspond with these of local outlet cols. It is considered that the lakes formed on the eastern margin of a mass of downwasting glacier ice and did not occupy the entire basin, as has previously been suggested. The lowest lake probably drained englacially through the downwasting ice mass.
General structure of the Skye Tertiary igneous complex and detailed structure of the Beinn an Dubhaich Granite from magnetic evidence
Authors: Hoersch Alice L. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
On the Isle of Skye, a series of Tertiary igneous rocks, including a central layered gabbro and associated granites occurs in an area of basement gneiss overlain by sediments of Cambrian to Cretaceous age. Two-dimensional computer modelling of aeromagnetic data (this paper) agrees reasonably well with the three-dimensional gravity model of Bott and Tuson (1973). Both models indicate that the gabbro pluton is a large, slightly cone-shaped mass, with a width of approximately 12 km at the top and 18 km at the base, penetrating to a depth of about 14 km, and that the granites are a shallow, near-surface phenomenon (less than 2.5 km deep), comprising about five to ten per cent of the total mass of the igneous assemblage.
The Beinn an Dubhaich granite is approximately 0.8 km wide and 3.2 km long in outcrop and contains numerous patches of limestone. Ground magnetic measurements and the relationship between the granite-limestone contact and the topography indicates that the granite is a stock which extends to depth and underlies the limestone. Further, the granite surface beneath the limestone is not smooth but rather consists of many lobes which intrude the limestone, possibly along pre-existing fractures.
The Early or Middle Devensian peat at Burn of Benholm, Kincardineshire
Authors: Donner J. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Radiocarbon assay of a sample of the Burn of Benholm peat gave an age of >42 000 B.P. This age and the stratigraphical position of the peat within the basal part of the till of the Strathmore glaciation places the peat in the Early or Middle Devensian stage. Pollen spectra show that the peat was formed in a tundra environment but do not give a more detailed dating of the peat.
Isotopic age determinations on the composite sill and associated olivine dolerite, South Bute
Authors: Buist D. S. , Ineson P. R. , Mitchell J. G. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
K-Ar isotopic age determinations on the Tertiary composite sill indicate it is at least 56.3 ± 1.0 Ma old. The olivine dolerite sheet is likewise of a Tertiary age, with a similar age to the composite sill, and may be related to the crinanite sills of southern Arran. The whole almost certainly belong to the ‘Major Phase’ of igneous activity identified as occurring at 59 Ma in the British Tertiary igneous province.
Evidence for a glacial readvance pre-dating the Loch Lomond Advance in Wester Ross
Authors: Robinson Mary , Ballantyne Colin K. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A series of lateral moraines and other ice-marginal features in the Wester Ross area of the NW Highlands is described. These total nearly 30 km in length, and indicate the former existence of a lobe of ice nearly 25 km in width across Lochs Gairloch and Ewe and the surrounding low ground. The ice-marginal features are interpreted as marking the limit of a glacial readvance that took place in this area sometime between the Late Devensian maximum of 17 000–18 000 B.P. and the onset of the Lateglacial Interstadial. The name Wester Ross Readvance is suggested.
The base of the Lower Limestone Group (Viséan) in North Ayrshire
Authors: Wilson R. B. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A critical review is made of the evidence for correlating the Lower Carboniferous marine limestones of the upper Calciferous Sandstone Measures and Lower Limestone Group of the Paisley area with those of North Ayrshire. Of the three different schemes of correlation made in the past, one is supported by recently acquired palaeontological information from IGS boreholes. The main conclusion reached is that the Hurlet and Blackhall limestones of the Paisley area are respectively equivalent to the Broadstone and Dockra limestones of Ayrshire so that the base of the Lower Limestone Group should be drawn at the base of the Broadstone Limestone.
The Tertiary sediments of the Canna Basin, Sea of the Hebrides
Authors: Evans D. , Wilkinson G. C. , Craig D. L. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Analysis of the sediments recovered from a shallow borehole drilled into the Canna Basin, Sea of the Hebrides, has demonstrated that they are Upper Oligocene (Chattian) non-marine deposits. The basin is the most northerly of the presently known terrestrial Oligocene basins found on the western side of Britain.
A Tertiary igneous centre north of the Shetland Islands
Authors: Chalmers J. A. , Western P. G. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Marine gravity and magnetic data show the existence of a dense cylindrical body of approximately 14 km diameter centred at about 61°50′N, 00°30′W, north of the Shetland Islands. The density and remanent magnetization values derived for this body show it to be similar to the Tertiary basic intrusive bodies along the west coast of Scotland.
Palynological evidence of an early Portlandian age for the uppermost Helmsdale Boulder Beds, Sutherland
Authors: Riley Leslie A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Helmsdale Boulder Beds have for some years been cited in literature as being entirely of Kimmeridgian age. Recent palynological studies do, however, now indicate that the age of the youngest beds exposed in Navidale Bay is, in part, early Portlandian.
Lacustrine cycles, fish ecology and stratigraphic zonation in the Middle Devonian of Caithness
Authors: Donovan R. Nowell 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Lacustrine Middle Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) sediments show climatically-controlled cycles resulting from the long-term rise and fall of lake levels in an enclosed basin. Lithologies present were deposited in deep (stratified), shallow and impermanent lakes. Varves, the common recurrence of specific lithologies and the cyclic growth of cosmoid fish scales suggest a marked seasonal climate. Fish faunas were subject both to minor seasonal controls and more profound long-term effects. When lake level was low the faunas may have died out. When the lake overflowed, population replenishment and/or exchange with neighbouring basins was possible. Consequently fish faunas show erratic distributions (involving sudden influxes and extinctions) and no undoubted phylogenetic lineages. Discrete faunal assemblages form internally correlatable “stratigraphic zones”.
Moine and Lewisian near the Great Glen Fault in Easter Ross
Authors: Rathbone P. A. , Harris A. L. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Two inliers of metamorphic rock—the Cromarty and Rosemarkie inliers—occur adjacent to the Great Glen Fault and within the Devonian sediments of Easter Ross. The Cromarty Inlier consists of striped psammitic Moine rocks, probably Glenfinnan Division, which have suffered high grade regional metamorphism and which have probably been locally transformed into mobilised granite. In the Rosemarkie Inlier, which corresponds to a well marked positive anomaly on the aeromagnetic map, Moine metasediments are accompanied by Lewisian hornblendic gneisses. The earliest of at least four episodes of deformation (D1–D4) is inferred to have interleaved the Moine and Lewisian while the Moine/Lewisian boundary was folded during three subsequent episodes. Granitic veins, including pegmatite, were emplaced in the Rosemarkie Inlier during or before the second deformation episode and carry intense D2 LS fabrics involving strains of 18:2.5:1 which have locally been modified during the third episode. Pegmatites and microgranites which occur in the Cromarty Inlier have not suffered comparable ductile deformation and postdate garnetiferous metabasic intrusions which are a feature of the Cromarty Inlier. Details of lithology and igneous history serve so to distinguish the two inliers that it is possible that, pre-D3, they were much further apart than at present.
Mineral reactions in a granulite facies calc-silicate rock from Scourie
Authors: Rollinson H. R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis

A calc-gneiss from the type area of the granulite facies Scourian complex contains the mineral assemblage plagioclase (An
43–46
), scapolite (Me
63–65
, SO
4 26–30
), clinopyroxene, ilmenite-magnetite, rutile and minor amounts of pyrite, chalcopyrite, carbonate, uralite, sericite, quartz and apatite.

Mineral reactions can be written which define the maximum pressure and minimum temperature of the granulite facies metamorphism and stages in the cooling history of the rock. The distribution of Na and Ca between plagioclase and scapolite, calibrated by Goldsmith and Newton (1977) yields excessively high temperatures (c. 1200°C). This is revised using thermodynamic data from their experimental work and suggests a minimum temperature of 915°C for the granulite facies metamorphism; a maximum pressure of 11 kb for the metamorphism is obtained from the stability of plagioclase with respect to clinopyroxene and quartz.
Ilmenite-magnetite pairs equilibrated between 512° and 430°C and oxygen fugacity conditions were probably externally controlled. Ilmenite and clinopyroxene may have exchanged Fe and Mg to temperatures as low as 540°C, but at lower temperatures Mn replaces Mg in ilmenite.
The fluvioglacial landforms of mid-Strathdearn, Inverness-shire
Authors: Young J. A. T. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Glacier ice from the west overran Mid-Strathdearn and built up to become part of the SW–NE moving ice sheet that enveloped the Grampian Highlands 17–18 000 years ago. As the glacier ice wasted away, two contrasting networks of meltwater rivers evolved. Most of the glacial drainage flowed directly downhill and eventually joined the arterial channel of the fluvioglacial River Findhorn, although this route was not completely open to meltwaters until relatively late in the deglaciation. Other meltwater rivers followed ice-directed routes across the slopes and cut channels into intervening spurs and pre-existing cols. There was a major trans-watershed outflow of meltwaters from Mid-Strathdearn to the SE, and a lesser inflow of meltwaters from the NW.
Late-Devensian marine limits and the pattern of deglaciation of the Strathearn area, Tayside
Authors: Browne M. A. E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
In situ occurrences of fossiliferous marine clay up to 45 m O.D. in the Methven Depression between Crieff and Almondbank prove that this area, as well as the Earn Valley below Crieff, was deglaciated before the formation of the Main Perth Shoreline. Ice contact features around Almondbank and Dunning, previously thought to be associated with active ice-margins when this important shoreline was forming, were probably produced by local masses of dead-ice isolated by the earlier retreat of the Tay and Earn Glaciers. Following deglaciation a delta, which graded to a sea-level consistent with the minimum marine limit of 46 m O.D. at Strageath, developed in the vicinity of Crieff. Subsequently three series of terraces formed in response to the relative fall of sea-level brought about by the isostatic recovery of the land. The middle series is considered to be associated with the Main Perth Shoreline.
Lithostratigraphy of the Great Estuarine Group (Middle Jurassic), Inner Hebrides
Authors: Harris J. P. , Hudson J. D. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Revised lithostratigraphical terminology for the Great Estuarine Group in Skye, Raasay, Eigg and Muck is proposed. The group comprises the Cullaidh Shale Formation, Elgol Sandstone Formation with Kildonnan Member and Lonfearn Member, Valtos Sandstone Formation, Duntulm Formation, Kilmaluag Formation and Skudiburgh Formation. The type sections of these formations are defined, new measured sections of 5 of them are illustrated and their lateral variations described. The Group is predominantly Bathonian in age, having its base in the Garantiana Zone (Upper Bajocian) and its top in the Macrocephalus Zone (Lower Callovian). The mainly argillaceous formations show wide lateral continuity indicating that a single depositional basin must have occupied the Inner Hebrides—Minch area during the Bathonian.
James Hutton and Robert Jameson
Authors: Flinn Derek 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
In a recently published book “James Hutton's theory of the earth: the lost drawings” and in many accounts of Hutton including that in Geikie's “Founders of Geology” the failure of Hutton's theories to gain general acceptance for many decades after his death has been blamed on Robert Jameson. It is shown that Jameson's students had plenty of opportunity to learn of Hutton's theories which were rejected by many geologists of the time as too philosophical, and based on speculation. Huttonian theory was only later confirmed by field observation at a time when field observation and geological mapping were coming to be considered of paramount importance.
A thrust fault at Welshman's Rock, Isle of Rhum
Authors: Emeleus C. H. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Evidence is presented for a thrust fault at Welshman's Rock, eastern Rhum. The thrust is considered to be the southern continuation of the western edge of the broad zone of Lower Palaeozoic thrusting seen on Skye. Possible implications for the distribution of rocks within the Rhum Tertiary Main Ring Fault are discussed.
p-forms from the Isle of Mull
Authors: Gray J. M. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Large numbers of well preserved p-forms occur along the southern shore of Loch na Keal on the Isle of Mull. The main forms are curved and sinuous channels up to 20 m long, 3 m wide and 1.5 m deep, but bowls, sichelwannen and other forms are also present. Field measurement of the orientation of 142 channels shows that they are consistently orientated parallel to the direction of ice movement as indicated by striae, and striae are present on the floors and sides of many of the channels. The mode of origin of the p-forms is discussed and it is concluded that meltwater erosion by corrasion and/or cavitation is the most likely process with active ice later moving through them. It may be significant that the p-forms occur along the former boundary zone between mainland and Mull ice.
A trimline method for defining the upper limit of Loch Lomond Advance glaciers: examples from the Loch Leven and Glen Coe areas
Authors: Thorp P. W. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Trimlines, indicated by marked contrasts between smooth ice-moulded and severely frost-affected bedrock surfaces, are used to map Loch Lomond Advance limits in an area extending from Rannoch Moor in the east, to North Ballachulish in the west. Supplementary evidence is provided by the distribution of hummocky moraines, thick till, erratics, fossil periglacial screes, lobes and terraces, and by abundant glacial markings. Reconstructed glacier surfaces indicate two large outlet glaciers flowing westwards towards Loch Linnhe from an ice cap on Rannoch Moor. The two glaciers were joined by ice flowing from numerous corries and tributary troughs.
Some aspects of intrastratal alteration of biotite in the Old Red Sandstone
Authors: Wilson M. J. , Duthie D. M. L. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Biotite separated from Lower Old Red Sandstone sediments of varying shades of redness has been characterized chemically, and by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and optical microscopy, thus enabling an assessment to be made of the extent to which the mineral has been altered. It is concluded that alteration is still at a relatively early stage, although some of the biotites are quite highly oxidized. However, there is no evidence that the minerals have lost much, if any, structural iron, a finding inconsistent with the concept that the diagenetic alteration of biotite is important in the colouration of red beds.
Probable Old Red Sandstone conglomerates around Tongue and adjacent areas, north Sutherland
Authors: Blackbourn Graham 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Small outliers of conglomerate and sandstone occur on the N Sutherland coast at Kirtomy, Tongue and on the Roan Islands.

At Kirtomy sediment has infilled three N–S trending valleys cut into the Moine metasediments. The following three-stage depositional history is recorded in outliers near Tongue: (1) dissection of Moine and Lewisian terrain forming N–S valleys; (2) quiescence,
in situ
weathering of metamorphics, probable meandering rivers on alluvial plain; and (3) tectonic rejuvenation, thick conglomerate sequences laid down in braided rivers flowing north.

On the Roan Islands 350 m or more of coarse conglomerate was deposited by a braided river system flowing from the NW probably from uplands bordering the Orcadian Basin. A Lower or Middle Devonian age for all the outliers is preferred.
Riebeckitic arfvedsonite and aenigmatite from the Ailsa Craig microgranite
Authors: Howie R. A. , Walsh J. N. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The well-known Ailsa Craig microgranite has been found to contain aenigmatite as well as a riebeckitic amphibole; both minerals are extremely iron-rich and contain virtually no magnesium. Major- and trace-element analyses of the microgranite and of the two dark minerals by wet chemical methods are compared with results from an inductively-coupled plasma spectrometer.
Investigations into the Quaternary deposits and bedrock topography of central Glasgow
Authors: Menzies J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Central Glasgow is an area dominated by the influence of glacial deposition. The landscape is a drumlinized till lowland and in areas close to the River Clyde, up to 26 m O.D., raised beaches were mapped at three distinct levels with patches of fluvioglacial deposits, peat and lacustrine-like sediments within interdrumlin hollows. Till partially covers the fluviatile sediments that infill the Clyde buried bedrock channel. Rockhead and drift thickness maps were constructed revealing the above deposits and their stratigraphic inter-relationships. The buried channel seems to have been cut subglacially and the infilling deposits deposited subglacially. Probably both events occurred prior to and/or during the last major ice advance into the area. The drumlinized till dates from this advance; the raised beaches from Lateglacial times.
The Upper Brigantian (Lower Carboniferous) of Central Strathclyde
Authors: Whyte M. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The stratigraphy of the upper Brigantian (Lower Limestone Group and upper Calciferous Sandstone Measures) of the south-west margin of the Central Coalfield, of North and Central Ayrshire and of the Douglas Coalfield and Muirkirk Syncline is reviewed. The prolonged basal overlap of the upper Brigantian on to an upland area is seen to have been complicated by both gradual and intermittent tectonic activity. Sequences have thus been affected by a number of disconformities of varying extent and magnitude. A new correlation between Ayrshire and the Paisley district is proposed. The Dockra, Broadstone and Upper and Lower Old Mill Limestones of Ayrshire correlate respectively with the Hurlet, Blackbyre, Hollybush and Dykebar Limestones of Paisley. The major complication is associated with the supra-Dockra (Hurlet) disconformity which caused the Dockra Limestone to be exhumed over a wide area in Ayrshire. In the subsequent overlap of this surface the Blackhall Limestone transgression failed to reach North Ayrshire. The Hosie Limestones A–D of Ayrshire correlate with the Main to Top Hosie Limestones of Paisley. The disconformity at the Hosie Fireclay (Lillie's Shale Coal) position has caused the local erosion of Hosie Limestone B (Mid Hosie) and perhaps also of Hosie Limestone A (Main Hosie).
Depositional Environments and Palynology of the Devonian South-east Shetland Basin
Authors: Allen P. A. , Marshall J. E. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The sediments of the SE Shetland basin were deposited in six major depositional environments, (1) the breccias of basement screes, (2) the conglomerates of alluvial fans, (3) the sandstones and conglomerates of braided streams, (4) the fine-grained alluvium of high-sinuosity streams, (5) the clastic and carbonate deposits of lakes and (6) the sandstones of desert dunes.
Palynological evidence from the age suggests a stratigraphic position at or near the Givetian/Frasnian boundary and certainly younger than the Eday Flags of Orkney. Deposition may have occurred earlier in the northern part of the basin. Kerogen typing suggests the lacustrine environment was less evolved than Orkney and Caithness.
The Devonian SE Shetland basin occupied an elongate depression which was oriented NNW—SSE. A major drainage system flowed to the SSE and may have connected this basin to the larger Orcadian basin in the south. Prevailing winds blew up-valley to the north. Small lakes with shallow shoaling margins expanded and contracted in this basin.