bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End‐tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in very low birth weight infants: Correlation and agreement with arterial carbon dioxide
Authors: Trevisanuto Daniele , Giuliotto Stephanie , Cavallin Francesco , Doglioni Nicoletta , Toniazzo Silvia , Zanardo Vincenzo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to determine the correlation and the agreement between end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI); furthermore, we assessed factors that could affect the ETCO2–PaCO2 relationship.MethodsSimultaneous end‐tidal and arterial CO2 pairs were obtained from ventilated VLBWI who were monitored by mainstream capnography and had umbilical arterial catheter. Correlation and agreement between ETCO2 and PaCO2 were evaluated by using Spearman test and Bland‐Altman method, respectively.ResultsA total of 143 simultaneous ETCO2–PaCO2 pairs were analyzed from 45 ventilated VLBWI. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.69; P < 0.0001) between ETCO2 and PaCO2 values. The ETCO2 value was lower than the corresponding PaCO2 value in 94% pairs, with a mean bias of 13.5 ± 8.4 mmHg (95% agreement levels, −3.0 to 29.9 mmHg). Mean PaCO2–ETCO2 bias was similar between ELBWI (13.1 ± 7.7 mmHg; 95% agreement levels, −1.9 and 28.2 mmHg) and infants with birth weight 1,001–1,500 g (14.8 ± 9.7 mmHg; 95% agreement levels −4.3 and 33.8 mmHg). The bias between ETCO2 and PaCO2 was significantly increased with increasing FiO2, mean airway pressure and oxygenation index. Within each patient, there was a positive correlation (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001) between the changes in PaCO2 and the simultaneous changes in ETCO2.ConclusionsIn ventilated VLBWI, the correlation between mainstream ETCO2 and PaCO2 is good, but the agreement is poor and negatively influenced by the severity of pulmonary disease. Capnography is feasible in ELBWI. ETCO2 should not replace PaCO2 measurements in ventilated VLBWI, but may have a role to detect trends of PaCO2. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:367–372. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The prohormone proenkephalin possesses differential conformational features of subdomains revealed by rapid H‐D exchange mass spectrometry
Authors: Lu Weiya D. , Liu Tong , Li Sheng , Woods Virgil L. , Hook Vivian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractActive enkephalin and related peptide hormones or neurotransmitters are generated by proteolytic processing of inactive prohormone precursors. Little is known about the relative accessibilities of prohormone cleavage sites and conformations of subdomains that undergo proteolytic processing. Therefore, this study investigated the conformational features of the prohormone proenkephalin (PE) by rapid hydrogen‐deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (DXMS). DXMS analyzes rates of hydrogen exchange of the polypeptide backbone of PE with deuterium from D2O (heavy water) by mass spectrometry, accomplished at sub‐second and multisecond time periods. Results showed differential accessibilities of cleavage sites and adjacent subdomains of PE to the aqueous environment. Importantly, protease cleavage sites of PE with greater relative accessibilities correspond to sites most readily cleaved by processing proteases to generate active peptide neurotransmitters. For comparison, peptides derived from PE (by pepsin digestion) displayed greater accessibility to the solvent environment, illustrated by their higher rates of H‐D exchange compared to that of intact PE protein. The more limited H‐D exchange accessibilities of PE protein, compared to peptides derived from PE, indicate that PE possesses tertiary conformation. These results demonstrate that differential tertiary conformations of PE subdomains undergo ordered proteolytic processing to generate active enkephalin peptides for cell‐cell communication in the nervous and endocrine systems.
The I domain of the AAA+ HslUV protease coordinates substrate binding, ATP hydrolysis, and protein degradation
Authors: Sundar Shankar , Baker Tania A. , Sauer Robert T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the AAA+ HslUV protease, substrates are bound and unfolded by a ring hexamer of HslU, before translocation through an axial pore and into the HslV degradation chamber. Here, we show that the N‐terminal residues of an Arc substrate initially bind in the HslU axial pore, with key contacts mediated by a pore loop that is highly conserved in all AAA+ unfoldases. Disordered loops from the six intermediate domains of the HslU hexamer project into a funnel‐shaped cavity above the pore and are positioned to contact protein substrates. Mutations in these I‐domain loops increase KM and decrease Vmax for degradation, increase the mobility of bound substrates, and prevent substrate stimulation of ATP hydrolysis. HslU‐ΔI has negligible ATPase activity. Thus, the I domain plays an active role in coordinating substrate binding, ATP hydrolysis, and protein degradation by the HslUV proteolytic machine.
Protein topology from predicted residue contacts
Authors: Taylor William R. , Jones David T. , Sadowski Michael I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractResidue contacts predicted from correlated positions in a multiple sequence alignment are often sparse and uncertain. To some extent, these limitations in the data can be overcome by grouping the contacts by secondary structure elements and enumerating the possible packing arrangements of these elements in a combinatorial manner. Strong interactions appear frequently but inconsistent interactions are down‐weighted and missing interactions up‐weighted. The resulting improved consistency in the predicted interactions has allowed the method to be successfully applied to proteins up to 200 residues in length which is larger than any structure previously predicted using sequence data alone.
Subsurface drip application of alternative fumigants to methyl bromide for controlling nematodes in replanted grapevines
Authors: Cabrera J Alfonso , Wang Dong , Schneider Sally M , Hanson Bradley D 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Many California grape growers use preplant fumigation to ensure uniform and healthy grapevine establishment in replant situations. A field study was conducted to evaluate the performance of subsurface drip‐applied chemical alternatives to methyl bromide on plant‐parasitic nematodes, plant vigor and fruit yield during the 6 year period following replanting.RESULTS:Subsurface drip fumigation with 1,3‐dichloropropene plus chloropicrin and with iodomethane plus chloropicrin had generally similar nematicide activity as methyl bromide in three grape types, while sodium azide was less effective. The combination of 1,3‐dichloropropene plus chloropicrin enhanced vine vigor similarly to methyl bromide. However, all plots treated with alternative fumigants produced less fruit yield than methyl bromide over the 4 years of evaluation.CONCLUSION:Subsurface drip fumigation with alternative chemicals to methyl bromide generally provided adequate management of plant‐parasitic nematodes during the vine establishment period. However, further research is required to increase the performance of alternative chemicals against other components of the replant problem, as grape yield in vines grown in the alternative treatments was lower than in methyl bromide. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
NANOS2 Acts Downstream of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling to Suppress Differentiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Authors: Sada Aiko , Hasegawa Kazuteru , Pin Pui Han , Saga Yumiko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStem cells are maintained by both stem cell-extrinsic niche signals and stem cell-intrinsic factors. During murine spermatogenesis, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signal emanated from Sertoli cells and germ cell-intrinsic factor NANOS2 represent key regulators for the maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells. However, it remains unclear how these factors intersect in stem cells to control their cellular state. Here, we show that GDNF signaling is essential to maintain NANOS2 expression, and overexpression of Nanos2 can alleviate the stem cell loss phenotype caused by the depletion of Gfra1, a receptor for GDNF. By using an inducible Cre-loxP system, we show that NANOS2 expression is downregulated upon the conditional knockout (cKO) of Gfra1, while ectopic expression of Nanos2 in GFRA1-negative spermatogonia does not induce de novo GFRA1 expression. Furthermore, overexpression of Nanos2 in the Gfra1-cKO testes prevents precocious differentiation of the Gfra1-knockout stem cells and partially rescues the stem cell loss phenotypes of Gfra1-deficient mice, indicating that the stem cell differentiation can be suppressed by NANOS2 even in the absence of GDNF signaling. Taken together, we suggest that NANOS2 acts downstream of GDNF signaling to maintain undifferentiated state of spermatogonial stem cells.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Feeling of certainty: Uncovering a missing link between knowledge and acceptance of evolution
Authors: Ha Minsu , Haury David L. , Nehm Ross H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe propose a new model of the factors influencing acceptance of evolutionary theory that highlights a novel variable unexplored in previous studies: the feeling of certainty (FOC). The model is grounded in an emerging understanding of brain function that acknowledges the contributions of intuitive cognitions in making decisions, such as whether or not to accept a particular theoretical explanation of events. Specifically, we examine the relationships among religious identity, level of education, level of knowledge, FOC, and level of evolutionary acceptance to test whether our proposed model accurately predicts hypothesized pathways. We employ widely used measures—the CINS, MATE, and ORI—in addition to new variables in multiple regression and path analyses in order to test the interrelationships among FOC and acceptance of evolutionary theory. We explore these relationships using a sample of 124 pre‐service biology teachers found to display comparable knowledge and belief levels as reported in previous studies on this topic. All of our hypothesis tests corroborated the idea that FOC plays a moderating role in relationships among evolutionary knowledge and beliefs. Educational research into acceptance of evolutionary theory will likely benefit from increased attention to non‐conscious intuitive cognitions that give rise to feeling of knowing or certainty. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 95–121, 2012
Performance of simple cognitive personal area networks with finite buffers and adaptive superframe duration
Authors: Mišić Jelena , Mišić Vojislav B. , Öztürk Serkan 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWe investigate the performance of simple cognitive personal area networks (CPANs) with cooperative sensing. Nodes are equipped with small buffers of capacity K each, and each node is allowed to transmit a batch of up to μ packets in one transmission cycle. Upon transmission, each node must support the operation of the CPAN by performing sensing duty in the amount obtained by multiplying the number of packets sent in a batch by a variable penalty coefficient. We model this system and show the relationship between values of design parameters and piconet performance. We also show that performance and bandwidth utilization can be improved by a simple technique of dynamically adjusting the duration of the superframe to cater to instantaneous traffic volume. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A meta‐analytic review of Berzonsky's Identity Style Inventory (ISI)
Authors: Bosch Leslie A. , Card Noel A. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIdentity formation is an essential developmental challenge associated with adolescence (Cote, 2009; Erikson, 1950, 1968). Berzonsky (1988) developed a social‐cognitive model that distinguishes three styles by which adolescents engage the tasks associated with identity formation: informational, normative, and diffuse‐avoidant. Focusing on studies (K = 62) that employed the Identity Style Inventory (ISI; Berzonsky, 1989), three meta‐analytic reviews were performed. First, results show a medium positive association between the informational and normative styles, a medium negative association between informational and diffuse‐avoidant styles, and a negligible negative association between the normative and diffuse‐avoidant styles. Second, results show large positive associations between commitment and both the informational and normative identity styles, and a large negative association between commitment and the diffuse‐avoidant style. Finally, results show a small positive association between gender and the diffuse‐avoidant identity style, with men scoring higher than women. Age and country of origin were evaluated as moderators.
Developmental origins of health and disease: Moving from biological concepts to interventions and policy
Authors: Hanson Mark A. , Gluckman Peter D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe rising incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially in young adults, presents great humanitarian and economic challenges to high‐resource and, increasingly, to low‐resource countries. No longer considered to be diseases of affluence, NCDs are exacerbated by urbanization and changes in social and lifestyle factors such as diet and family size. New research emphasizes the importance of early life factors in establishing the risk of NCDs through inadequate responses to later challenges, such as an obesogenic environment. A new focus on interventions to promote a good start to life in at‐risk populations necessitates revision of public health policy, with implications for the health, education, and empowerment of women and children in particular.
Maternal obesity: Implications for pregnancy outcome and long‐term risks–a link to maternal nutrition
Authors: Aviram Amir , Hod Moshe , Yogev Yariv 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAs obesity becomes a worldwide epidemic, its prevalence during reproductive age is also increased. Alarming reports state that two‐thirds of adults in the USA are overweight or obese, with half of them in the latter category, and the rate of obese pregnant women is estimated at 18–38%. These women are of major concern to women's health providers because they encounter numerous pregnancy‐related complications. Obesity‐related reproductive health complications range from infertility to a wide spectrum of diseases such as hypertensive disorders, coagulopathies, gestational diabetes mellitus, respiratory complications, and fetal complications such as large‐for‐gestational‐age infants, congenital malformations, stillbirth, and shoulder dystocia. Recent reports suggest that obesity during pregnancy can be a risk factor for developing obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in the newborn later in life. This review will address the implication of obesity on pregnancy and child health, and explore recent literature on obesity during pregnancy.
Anemia and pregnancy: A link to maternal chronic diseases
Authors: Gangopadhyay Raja , Karoshi Mahantesh , Keith Louis 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAnemia is a global public health problem. It has serious short‐ and long‐term consequences during pregnancy and beyond. The anemic condition is often worsened by the presence of other chronic diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and diabetes. Untreated anemia also leads to increased morbidity and mortality from these chronic conditions as well. It is surprising that despite these chronic conditions (such as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV) often being preventable, they still pose a real threat to public health. This article aims to review the current understanding of the pathophysiology, risks, prevention, and treatment of anemia in the light of these chronic conditions.
Matching diagnosis and management of diabetes in pregnancy to local priorities and resources: An international approach
Authors: McIntyre H. David , Oats Jeremy J.N. , Zeck Willibald , Seshiah V. , Hod Moshe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups' (IADPSG) criteria for the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy are described and application of these in differing healthcare contexts on a worldwide basis is reported. Existing local protocols and known epidemiologic and clinical data regarding the detection and management of overt diabetes and gestational diabetes in the context of human pregnancy are considered. Although the IADPSG criteria are uniform, their introduction poses a variety of practical and technical challenges in differing healthcare contexts, both between and within countries. Knowledge of local factors will be vital in the implementation of the new guidelines and will require extensive liaison with local clinical and health policy groups. Resource availability will be critical in determining the type of treatment available in this context. The IADPSG criteria offer an important opportunity for a uniform approach to diabetes in pregnancy. Scaled implementation of these criteria adapted to a variety of local healthcare contexts should improve both research endeavors and patient care.
Gestational diabetes screening: The low‐cost algorithm
Authors: Agarwal Mukesh M. , Weigl Bernhard , Hod Moshe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe American Diabetes Association has endorsed the demanding recommendation by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) that every pregnant woman should undergo the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for the screening of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to find out if the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and newer emerging technologies could simplify the cumbersome IADPSG algorithm. Two FPG thresholds (of the OGTT) were used to rule in and rule out GDM in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) cohort (n = 23316) and a population at high risk for GDM (n = 10283). For the HAPO cohort and the high‐risk population, respectively, FPG thresholds of: (a) ≥5.1 mmol/L (specificity 100%) independently ruled in GDM in 1769 (8.3%) women and 2975 (28.9%) women; and (b) ≤4.4 mmol/L ruled out GDM in 11526 (49.4%) women (84.1% sensitivity) and 2228 (21.7%) women (95.4% sensitivity). Use of the FPG independently could have avoided 13295 (57.0%) and 5203 (50.6%) OGTTs in the 2 groups. The initial FPG—by significantly reducing the number of cumbersome OGTTs needed—can make the IADPSG recommendations more acceptable worldwide. The number of GDM women missed is population dependent. For low‐resource countries, alternative newer and cheaper tests in development hold an exciting future.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: Advocating for policy change in India
Authors: Madhab Anand , Prasad Vishwa Mohan , Kapur Anil 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA multimedia awareness and advocacy campaign for mainstreaming gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the public health domain is described. The multimedia campaign has created awareness about the relevance of GDM to women's health and the health of future generations through direct contact, reaching out to over half a million people in 7 districts of 4 states in northern India. Using mass media, over 3.7 million people have received information on GDM. Through multistakeholder forums, more than 1000 key stakeholders have been encouraged to mainstream GDM into the existing health delivery system. The Indian Ministry of Health has introduced free screening for GDM among the 5 services offered to pregnant women below the poverty line in the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) program. In addition, several state governments, such as in Bihar, Delhi, Jharkhand, and Punjab, have pledged similar initiatives addressing GDM; the Government of Tamil Nadu is already implementing such a policy. Policy development is a complex process that requires action on many fronts. By showcasing evidence, raising awareness, creating public opinion through dialogue and discussion, media can help build a positive environment and momentum for effective policy creation as well as service utilization.
Global adaptation of IADPSG recommendations: A national approach
Authors: Lieberman Nicky , Kalter‐Leibovici Ofra , Hod Moshe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe current practice for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Israel employs a two‐step screening approach using a 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) followed by a 3‐hour 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The overall adherence to this process is more than 90%. Recently, the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) recommended changing this practice to a single‐step GDM screening, employing a 75 g OGTT. New plasma glucose cutoffs were recommended. To make recommendations for a new screening and diagnosis policy for GDM in Israel, a committee was assembled, including representatives of professional medical organizations, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), health policy makers, epidemiologists and biostatisticians. There was agreement that a consensus can be achieved only by clinical evidence and that consensus is a key factor for changing health policy. It was also realized that the availability of local data on the annual rates of GDM, its complications, and cost‐effectiveness of screening and treatment are suboptimal. This generated two studies: the first provided additional analyses of data concerning Israeli women participating in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study, and the second was a cost‐effectiveness analysis based on Clalit Health Service's (the largest HMO in the country) database. We found that the prevalence of GDM in Israel is approximately 6% and is expected to increase to 9% by adopting the new IADPSG recommendations. The conclusion was that a one‐step approach is presumed to be not only cost‐effective but cost‐saving, even under conservative estimates. We recommend such a process for other countries debating whether to change their GDM screening and diagnostic approach.
Seasonal influenza vaccination knowledge, risk perception, health beliefs and vaccination behaviours of nurses
Authors: ZHANG J. , WHILE A. E. , NORMAN I. J. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe relationship between knowledge, risk perceptions, health belief towards seasonal influenza and vaccination and the vaccination behaviours of nurses was explored. Qualified nurses attending continuing professional education courses at a large London university between 18 April and 18 October 2010 were surveyed (522/672; response rate 77·7%). Of these, 82·6% worked in hospitals; 37·0% reported receiving seasonal influenza vaccination in the previous season and 44·9% reported never being vaccinated during the last 5 years. All respondents were categorized using two-step cluster analyses into never, occasionally, and continuously vaccinated groups. Nurses vaccinated the season before had higher scores of knowledge and risk perception compared to the unvaccinated (P<0·001). Nurses never vaccinated had the lowest scores of knowledge and risk perception compared to other groups (P<0·001). Nurses' seasonal influenza vaccination behaviours are complex. Knowledge and risk perception predict uptake of vaccination in nurses.
IDEALS IN OPERATOR SPACE PROJECTIVE TENSOR PRODUCT OF C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: JAIN RANJANA , KUMAR AJAY 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLet A and B be C*-algebras. We prove the slice map conjecture for ideals in the operator space projective tensor product $A \mathbin {\widehat {\otimes }} B$. As an application, a characterization of the prime ideals in the Banach *-algebra $A\mathbin {\widehat {\otimes }} B$ is obtained. In addition, we study the primitive ideals, modular ideals and the maximal modular ideals of $A\mathbin {\widehat {\otimes }} B$. We also show that the Banach *-algebra $A\mathbin {\widehat {\otimes }} B$ possesses the Wiener property and that, for a subhomogeneous C*-algebra A, the Banach * -algebra $A \mathbin {\widehat {\otimes }} B$ is symmetric.