bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive and Impoverished? A Discussion of Rural Popular Culture in the Mid Victorian Years
Authors: MOSES GARY 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis case study focuses on East Riding hiring fairs both as labour markets and popular festivals and considers the vitality of their internal interactions in the mid Victorian years, a time that has been associated with the erosion of traditional practices by urban influences and their reshaping into more orderly and passive forms. The article suggests that mid Victorian rural popular culture proved to be not only adaptive to the forces of urban modernity but robustly dynamic and informed by rural social forces.
The Transformation of Lowland Game Shooting in England and Wales since the Second World War: The Supply Side Revolution
Authors: MARTIN JOHN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe history of game shooting since the Second World War might be seen as an enigma. In spite of unprecedented changes to the countryside resulting from the intensification of farming which contributed to a rapid decline in the partridge population, the size of the national game bag increased due to the enhanced popularity of the pheasant as a sporting quarry. This article evaluates the reasons for the expansion of the sport in this period, focusing on the management of the countryside, the evolution of game keeping, the growth of artificial game rearing, and the increasing popularity of game shooting.
Clinical, neuropathological and neuroimaging features of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Hancock Rebecca J 
Published: September 2011

SummaryAlzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the two most common types of degenerative dementia. It has been questioned whether they are totally separate conditions, or whether they are in fact both part of a spectrum of a more general neurodegenerative disease. Fluctuating cognition and parkinsonism are key features of DLB, but atypical in AD which is characterized by progressive amnesia, aphasia, agnosia and apraxia. Neuropsychiatric disturbances also seem to be more common in DLB. The main neuropathological features of DLB are Lewy bodies, and in AD are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, though some overlap has been found. A key finding of neuroimaging studies is that there is relative preservation of brain volume in DLB patients compared with AD patients, particularly of temporal lobe structures. There are also profound reductions in striatal dopamine transport in DLB, demonstrated by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging. Whilst there are some distinct differences between AD and DLB, further research is needed to greater define the distinctions between these two conditions.
Psalmi ante sacrificium and the origin of the introit
Authors: Dyer Joseph 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe biography of Pope Celestine I (422–32) in the first edition of the Liber pontificalis (c.530) credits him with introducing the singing of ‘psalmi ante sacrificium’ at Mass. Several decades later, the second edition added that these psalms were sung ‘antephanatim ex omnibus’. Since the early ninth century, these statements have been interpreted to mean that Celestine introduced the introit chant, a conclusion challenged for the first time about twenty-five years ago. The new interpretation of the passage proposed that Celestine did not introduce the introit, but the responsorial psalm sung between the (two) readings at Mass. An analysis of the terminology used in Celestine's biography, especially the word sacrificium, indicates that the Liber pontificalis author did most likely intend to attribute to him the introduction of the introit, which was certainly in existence by the early sixth century. The presence of a processional solea in certain churches of Rome and the North Adriatic littoral indicates that architectural accommodations were being made for the entrance procession by the fifth century. Psalmic texts form the basis of the repertoire, and non-psalmic introits give every indication of post-dating those with texts drawn from the Psalter.
Hypopituitarism in a HIV Affected Patient
Authors: Harbeck B. , Klose S. , Buchfelder M. , Brabant G. , Lehnert H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe clinical picture of pituitary abscesses may resemble features of other pituitary pathologies including endocrine deficiencies. The characteristic radiological changes, namely the ring enhancement, may aid in the diagnostic work-up of this very rare condition.A 40-year-old patient with longstanding HIV infection presented with headache and fatigue. Testing for pituitary function confirmed panhypopitutarism. MRI scanning demonstrated an inhomogeneous pituitary gland with ring-like enhancement and sphenoid sinus mucosa thickening. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed. Histologically CD68 positive macrophages were found supporting the diagnosis of infectious hypophysitis. Under hormone replacement therapy and retroviral treatment the patient clinically normalized.A pituitary abscess due to infectious hypophysitis is a rare cause of pituitary failure. Diagnostic signs on imaging may help to rapidly distinguish the cause of pituitary deficiency in patients with HIV infection.
Generation of T Regulatory Cells in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Łuczyński W. , Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N. , Szypowska A. , Iłendo E. , Bossowski A. , Krętowski A. , Stasiak-Barmuta A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that T-regulatory (Treg) cells could be used to prevent or cure autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of the present study was to verify the hypothesis that functional Treg cells can be generated from conventional T-cells separated from a small amount of peripheral blood of children with newly diagnosed T1DM (N=25).CD4+CD25- cells were cultured with Treg expander (CD3/CD28) and IL-2 for generating de novo Treg cells. The assessment of the expression of selected genes and proteins critical to Treg function and the proliferation assays were performed with the use of real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry.After a 4-week stimulation with Treg expander and IL-2, the percentage of T-regulatory cells was significantly higher compared to the cells treated with medium alone (with no difference between diabetic and control children). However, we found some disturbances in the gene expression at mRNA level for molecules crucial for T-reg function. The induced Tregs from diabetic and control children were fully functional as assessed in proliferation assays.despite some disturbances at mRNA level in the critical gene expression, the suppressive properties of induced Treg cells from diabetic and control children were effective.
Face of the Seven Spheres: Urban Morphology and Architecture in Nineteenth‐Century Isfahan
Authors: Walcher Heidi 
Published: September 2011

This essay on Qajar architecture in Isfahan is part of a more general investigation of urbanism, politics, and the shape, iconography, and meaning of the city in the nineteenth century. Aspects of architecture and the phenomenology of urban construction will be discussed within a broader thematic inquiry on Qajar Isfahan in two parts. The first discusses the various historical images of the city while the second will focus on the major trends of Qajar architecture in Isfahan within this context.Research on Qajar art and architecture in Isfahan has been largely guided by an inquest on the former Safavid capital as a center of high politics and culture. This narrow focus accounts for historiographies and interpretational lacunae in the study of Qajar architecture in Isfahan. The following discussion hence is a first exploration of the city's architectural structures and one that frequently raises more questions than answers.
Hidden from History? Women Workers in Modern Iran
Authors: Moghadam Valentine M. 
Published: September 2011

A generation ago, British feminist historian Sheila Rowbotham (1974) asked why women were “hidden from history“—and helped to found the field of women's history. Years later, Gayatri Spivak (1988) asked, “Can the subaltern speak?“—and added a new dimension to the field of subaltern studies. Throughout, Marxists have inquired into the relationship between the sexual division of labor and the mode of production, although Engels’ cogent commentary about the state, the family and reproduction (and the “world-historical defeat of the female sex“) was subsequently eclipsed by analyses that focused on capital and (the male working-) class. These questions are used to frame my paper, which examines the history and historiography of working-class women in Iran.The field of Iranian historical studies is growing, but one is struck by the paucity of studies on working-class women, the dearth of data on women workers, and the absence of working women's voices in the major English-language studies of social, economic, and political history (e.g., works by Lambton, Issawi, Bharier, Keddie, Abrahamian, Ladjevardi, Bayat).
Colonialism and Dramatherapy in FIJI
Authors: Miller Caroline 
Published: September 2011

Fiji is a small independent republic comprising a number of islands in the South Pacific. The country gained independence in 1974, after being a British Colony. Fiji has a subsistence economy, which is supplemented by aid from other countries, and by tourism. Fiji's early history dates from before 1500BC, with colonial history dating from the 19th century. The author worked as a volunteer dramatherapist in Special Schools in Fiji on three occasions. Education for those with special needs is provided through nongovernment organisations and the Ministry of Education in Fiji. This article reflects on that work, and raises some of the issues of the colonial legacy as well as issues of being a member of an ex-colonial power working within a formerly colonised country. The dramatherapist worked for one week in a special school in Fiji in 2007, and for two weeks in two special schools in 2009. Students in the school represented two ethnic groups of Fijians. These were Fijian and Fijian Indian. There were three major religious groups represented, which were Christian (of various denominations), Hindu, and Muslim. Most ethnic Fijians belong to a variety of Christian denominations, and school assemblies were conducted within a Christian framework. The students were aged between five and nineteen, and all had been identified as having special educational needs within the moderate to mild range. Some students were profoundly deaf. Most of the children came from poorer families within a largely subsistence economy. The author is a white New Zealander. This article raises some issues of introducing dramatherapy within this context.
Coming to an end: A case study of an ambiguous process of ending psychotherapy
Authors: Råbu Marit , Haavind Hanne 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim: When the duration of therapy is not preset and the outcome is a matter for negotiation, the decision to end psychotherapy will be an experiential concern for the two participants. This case study draws attention to how ambiguities may be settled in a process where ending is initiated by the therapist and resisted by the client. Method and analysis: The actual case was strategically selected as exceptional owing to a combination of circumstances. The client and the therapist had developed a ‘good enough’ alliance (WAI) and reached a ‘good enough’ outcome (OQ‐45), and still the client felt she was far from finished. A close inspection of interactional data in sessions together with both clients' and therapists' reflections in post‐therapy interviews elicited information about both substantial content and structural aspects of this complicated process of ending. Findings and discussion: The discrepancy between therapist and client was not addressed, but rather postponed and revisited again later. Structural elements like preparations for a break for vacations and reducing the frequency of sessions were used to test experiential qualities, such as how the client managed life without therapy. Carefully preserving a ‘good enough’ emotional bond through the negotiations seemed important to both parties. Significantly, the client's autonomy was interpreted as the final proof of improvement and the client came to a point where she could affirm that she had got better only by accepting that treatment was coming to an end.
A Deficiency in the Flavoprotein of Arabidopsis Mitochondrial Complex II Results in Elevated Photosynthesis and Better Growth in Nitrogen-Limiting Conditions
Authors: Fuentes Daniela , Meneses Marco , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Araújo Wagner L. , Tapia Rodrigo , Gómez Isabel , Holuigue Loreto , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Jordana Xavier 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase [SDH]) plays roles both in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory electron transport chain. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), its flavoprotein subunit is encoded by two nuclear genes, SDH1-1 and SDH1-2. Here, we characterize heterozygous SDH1-1/sdh1-1 mutant plants displaying a 30% reduction in SDH activity as well as partially silenced plants obtained by RNA interference. We found that these plants displayed significantly higher CO2 assimilation rates and enhanced growth than wild-type plants. There was a strong correlation between CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance, and both mutant and silenced plants displayed increased stomatal aperture and density. By contrast, no significant differences were found for dark respiration, chloroplastic electron transport rate, CO2 uptake at saturating concentrations of CO2, or biochemical parameters such as the maximum rates of carboxylation by Rubisco and of photosynthetic electron transport. Thus, photosynthesis is enhanced in SDH-deficient plants by a mechanism involving a specific effect on stomatal function that results in improved CO2 uptake. Metabolic and transcript profiling revealed that mild deficiency in SDH results in limited effects on metabolism and gene expression, and data suggest that decreases observed in the levels of some amino acids were due to a higher flux to proteins and other nitrogen-containing compounds to support increased growth. Strikingly, SDH1-1/sdh1-1 seedlings grew considerably better in nitrogen-limiting conditions. Thus, a subtle metabolic alteration may lead to changes in important functions such as stomatal function and nitrogen assimilation.
Role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and TNFRSF1A R92Q mutation in the pathogenesis of TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Caminero A , Comabella M , Montalban X 
Published: September 2011

Summary
It has long been known that tumour necrosis factor (TNF)/TNFRSF1A signalling is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Different genetic and clinical findings over the last few years have generated renewed interest in this relationship. This paper provides an update on these recent findings. Genome-wide association studies have identified the R92Q mutation in the TNFRSF1A gene as a genetic risk factor for MS (odds ratio 1·6). This allele, which is also common in the general population and in other inflammatory conditions, therefore only implies a modest risk for MS and provides yet another piece of the puzzle that defines the multiple genetic risk factors for this disease. TNFRSF1A mutations have been associated with an autoinflammatory disease known as TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). Clinical observations have identified a group of MS patients carrying the R92Q mutation who have additional TRAPS symptoms. Hypothetically, the co-existence of MS and TRAPS or a co-morbidity relationship between the two could be mediated by this mutation. The TNFRSF1A R92Q mutation behaves as a genetic risk factor for MS and other inflammatory diseases, including TRAPS. Nevertheless, this mutation does not appear to be a severity marker of the disease, neither modifying the clinical progression of MS nor its therapeutic response. An alteration in TNF/TNFRS1A signalling may increase proinflammatory signals; the final clinical phenotype may possibly be determined by other genetic or environmental modifying factors that have not yet been identified.
Characterization of five CYP4 genes from Asian citrus psyllid and their expression levels in Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus‐infected and uninfected psyllids
Authors: Tiwari S. , Gondhalekar A. D. , Mann R. S. , Scharf M. E. , Stelinski L. L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPreviously, we reported that Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las)‐infected Diaphorina citri are characterized by lower levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases than uninfected counterparts. In the present study, we investigated expression levels of family 4 cytochrome P450 (CYP4) genes in Las‐infected and uninfected D. citri adults. Five novel CYP4 genes (CYP4C67, CYP4DA1, CYP4C68, CYP4DB1 and CYP4G70) were identified. Four of the five CYP4 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in uninfected than Las‐infected males, whereas only one was expressed at significantly higher levels in uninfected than Las‐infected females. These results suggest that levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in D. citri may be linked to expression levels of these CYP4 genes. Expression of all five CYP4 genes was induced by exposure of D. citri to imidacloprid, suggesting their possible involvement in metabolism of this toxin. Higher expression of the five CYP4 genes was found in nymphs than adults, which is congruent with previous results indicating higher levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in nymphs than adults. These five CYP4 genes may be promising candidates for RNA‐interference to silence overexpression of genes associated with insecticide resistance in D. citri. These newly identified genes may also serve as DNA‐based screening markers for cytochrome P450‐mediated insecticide resistance in field populations of D. citri.
Physician‐related facilitators and barriers to patient involvement in treatment decision making in early stage breast cancer: perspectives of physicians and patients
Authors: O’Brien Mary Ann , Ellis Peter M. , Whelan Timothy J. , Charles Cathy , Gafni Amiram , Lovrics Peter , Mukherjee Som D. , Hodgson Nicole 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective  To identify patients’ and physicians’ perceptions of physician‐related verbal and nonverbal facilitators and barriers to patient involvement in treatment decision making (TDM) occurring during clinical encounters for women with early stage breast cancer (ESBC).Methods  Eligible women were offered treatment options including surgery and adjuvant therapy. Eligible physicians provided care for women with ESBC in either a teaching hospital or an academic cancer centre. In Phase 1, women were interviewed 1–2 weeks after their initial consultation. In Phase 2, women and their physicians were interviewed separately while watching their own consultation on a digital video disk. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed.Results  Forty women with ESBC and six physicians participated. Patients and physicians identified thirteen categories of physician facilitators of women’s involvement. Of these, seven categories were frequently identified by women: conveyed a rationale for patient involvement in TDM; explained the risk of cancer recurrence; explained treatment options; enhanced patient understanding of information; gave time for TDM; offered a treatment recommendation; and made women feel comfortable. Physicians described similar information‐giving facilitators but less often mentioned other facilitators. Few physician barriers to women’s involvement in TDM were identified.Conclusions  Women with ESBC and cancer physicians shared some views of how physicians involve patients in TDM, although there were important differences. Physicians may underestimate the importance that women’s place on understanding the rationale for their involvement in TDM and on feeling comfortable during the consultation.
Non‐cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma, a single center experience
Authors: Ramzi Mani , Zakerinia Maryam , Nourani Habib , Dehghani Mehdi , Vojdani Reza , Haghighinejad Hourvash 
Published: September 2011

Ramzi M, Zakerinia M, Nourani H, Dehghani M, Vojdani R, Haghighinejad H. Non‐cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma, a single center experience.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 117–122.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Several clinical trials have shown the superiority of high‐dose therapy (HDT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) over conventional dose therapy for patients with multiple myeloma. There is limited experience with non‐cryopreserved autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Between January 2004 and February 2010, we treated 38 patients with myeloma (mean age = 50.6) with a preparative regimen of Melphalan 140–200 mg/m2 and non‐cryopreserved ASCT. All the apheresis products were kept in a conventional blood bank refrigerator at 4°C for 2 d before infusion. The median time to platelet count of >20 × 109/L was 13 d (range 10–31). Also, the median time to absolute neutrophil count >0.5 × 109/L was 11 d (range 9–21). All the 38 patients were engrafted and there was not graft failure in this study group. Twenty‐nine of 38 (76.3%) patients are alive and without disease activity after a median follow‐up of 31 months (range 6–77). Responses (complete and partial response) were seen in all the 38 patients. The median progression‐free survival was 27 months with 95% confidence interval 23.52–30.48, whereas the median overall survival was 30 months. One hundred days transplant‐related mortality was 0%. HDT and autologous transplantation without cryopreservation is an effective and safe method which simplifies the procedure and is feasible and cost saving in our patients.
Bartonellosis in cats: a role in uveitis?
Authors: Stiles Jean 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBartonellosis has been widely studied in human and veterinary medicine over the past two decades. Despite this fact, it remains an enigmatic disease in many ways. The causative bacteria,Bartonellaspp, are transmitted to cats by fleas and thus the prevalence in cat populations, particularly in temperate climates, is high. Most cats, whether infected naturally or experimentally, remain asymptomatic. Thus, correlating the presence of the organism to clinical disease, including uveitis, in cats has been difficult. This review summarizes what is known of the transmission and pathogenesis ofBartonellaspp in cats, the possible role of the organism in feline ocular disease, as well methods of diagnosis and treatment.