bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Corneal Thickness in Children and Adolescents with Pediatric Glaucoma and Eye Disorders at Risk of Developing Glaucoma
Authors: Lopez Juan P. , Freedman Sharon F. , Muir Kelly , Duncan Lois , Stephens Derek , Atenafu Eshetu , Levin Alex V. 
Published: May 2010

Background:
To investigate central corneal thickness (CCT) in children with glaucoma and at risk for glaucoma.

Methods:
The study included 139 children with glaucoma: 66 at risk for glaucoma (ie, aphakia, aniridia, or uveitis) and 66 normal children. CCT was measured by ultrasound pachymetry and intraocular pressure (IOP) by applanation. Analysis of variance was used to compare CCT between groups. Correlation analysis assessed associations between CCT and ocular factors including spherical equivalent, cup-to-disc ratio, glaucoma medications, and number of intraocular surgeries.

Results:

CCT was significantly higher for 141 eyes with glaucoma (mean: 0.598 mm,
P
< .001) and 76 eyes at risk for glaucoma (mean: 0.604 mm,
P
= .001) than for 66 normal eyes (mean: 0.558 mm). No significant difference was observed between at-risk (
P
= .989) and glaucoma eyes. Eyes with aphakia (0.653 mm) and aniridia (0.639 mm) had the thickest CCT values. Thinnest CCT was found in anterior segment dysgenesis and uveitis (mean: 0.541 mm). A significant positive correlation between CCT and spherical equivalent was found for glaucoma (r = 0.413;
P
< .001) and at-risk (r = 0.412;
P
< .0003) eyes, and between CCT and intraocular surgery for at-risk eyes (
P
= .0066). A significant negative correlation was found between CCT and cup-to-disc ratio for glaucoma eyes (r = −0.223;
P
= .01).

Conclusion:
This is the largest series of CCT in pediatric glaucoma and related disorders. The data suggest caution in application of standard formulas for IOP-to-CCT correction when evaluating children with glaucoma because their mean CCT values extend far beyond values reported for normal eyes.
Horizontal Misalignment in Patients with Unilateral Superior Oblique Palsy
Authors: Telander David G. , Egeland Brent M. , Christiansen Stephen P. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To determine the frequency and distribution of horizontal misalignment in patients with unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP) and to determine the indications for combining horizontal with vertical strabismus surgery.

Methods:

Patients included in the study had a vertical heterophoria or tropia that fit Parks three-step test for SOP and had no previous strabismus surgery or other ocular motility disturbance. Ocular motility and alignment were recorded. Outcomes between patients who had vertical surgery alone and those who had combined vertical and horizontal surgery were compared using the Student’s
t
test.

Results:

Of 205 patients, 121 (59.0%) had a horizontal misalignment in addition to vertical strabismus. Ninety-six patients (46.8%) required strabismus surgery. Of these, 29 had 8 prism diopters (PD) or more horizontal deviation. Twenty-two had vertical combined with horizontal surgery (V+H group). Although their initial deviation was greater, these patients had better surgical outcomes than patients who had vertical surgery alone (V group). The V+H group had a final mean horizontal deviation of 2.18 PD compared with 6.85 PD in the V group (
P
< .01). Postoperative vertical alignment in the V+H group was also superior with a final mean vertical deviation of 3.7 versus 6.8 PD for the V group (
P
= .12).

Conclusion:
These results indicate that horizontal misalignment is common in patients with SOP. Patients with 8 PD or more horizontal deviation benefited from surgical correction of the horizontal deviation in addition to the vertical surgery.
Practical Aspects and Efficacy of Intraoperative Adjustment in Concomitant Horizontal Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Yi Jeong Ho , Chung Seung Ah , Chang Yoon Hee , Lee Jong Bok 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To analyze the practical aspects and advantages of one-stage adjustable surgery under topical anesthesia in concomitant horizontal strabismus.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 363 patients was completed to assess (1) the frequency of need to perform adjustment, (2) the amount and pattern of adjustment, and (3) the final alignment at least 6 months after surgery. Intraoperative adjustment was performed strictly toward the aim of orthophoria or slight overcorrection (heterophoria < 6 prism diopters [PD]) while avoiding diplopia.

Results:
Of the 363 patients, 261 (72%) required intraoperative adjustment. Of these, 85% of exotropes underwent a decreased amount of surgery compared with the standard amount, whereas 58% of esotropes underwent an increased amount of surgery. Forty-two patients underwent a one-muscle surgery instead of the scheduled two-muscle surgery, and all had less than 35 PD preoperative angle of deviation. Success rates were 83% in all patients with one-stage adjustable sutures and 87% in patients who underwent adjustment. In 42 patients with one-muscle surgery instead of two-muscle surgery, 32 (76%) obtained successful results.

Conclusion:
Intraoperative adjustment was effective in concomitant horizontal strabismus surgery and can provide the opportunity to avoid a large overcorrection, especially in cases with moderate angle horizontal muscle surgery.
Clinical Results With the Light Adjustable Intraocular Lens After Cataract Surgery
Authors: von Mohrenfels Christoph Winkler , Salgado Josefina , Khoramnia Ramin , Maier Mathias , Lohmann Chris P. 
Published: May 2010

PURPOSE:
The accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation is limited by the variation of the measurement of corneal power, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and effective postoperative lens position. Therefore, IOL predictability is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the novel light adjustable lens (LAL, Calhoun Vision).

METHODS:
Ten eyes with cataracts (seven patients) were included. After standard phacoemulsification, the LAL was implanted. Two to 3 weeks after surgery, all IOL adjustments had been completed. Preoperatively, pre-adjustment, pre-lock-in, and 1 month post-lock-in, a full ophthalmic examination including objective (autorefraction) and subjective refraction (ie, manifest uncorrected visual acuity [UCVA] and manifest best spectacle-corrected visual acuity [BSCVA]) and topography were performed.

RESULTS:
All cataract surgeries were performed with no complications. Two weeks after surgery, the mean refraction was +0.78±0.79 diopters (D). After adjustment and lock-in, the refraction was −0.07±0.21 D. In 4 of 10 eyes, second adjustments were necessary. One month after surgery, all patients were within ±0.50 D of the intended refraction. Preoperatively, the cylinder was 0.88±0.77 D, but was reduced after adjustments to 0.15±0.20 D. Mean UCVA was 1.02, and all eyes gained at least two lines on the Snellen visual acuity test (ie, BSCVA) after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:

The LAL is a new IOL with the ability to correct up to 2.00 D of sphere and cylinder after implantation. Our first clinical results are promising and indicate effective safety and stability. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:314–320.]
Evaluation of Anterior Lenticonus in Alport Syndrome Using Tracey Wavefront Aberrometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kim Kwan Soo , Kim Mo Sae , Kim Joon Mo , Choi Chul Young 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of Tracey wavefront aberrometry (Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX) and transmission electron microscopy for the detection of anterior lenticonus in Alport syndrome.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Tracey wavefront aberrometry was used to treat a patient with bilateral anterior lenticonus who had a history of Alport syndrome. For transmission electron microscopic examination, anterior lens capsules were obtained during clear lens phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.RESULTS:Spherical aberrations were the predominant higher-order aberrations in the internal optics of both eyes. The Tracey wavefront aberrometer showed that most of the irregular astigmatism originated from the lenticular portion. Transmission electron microscopy of the specimens showed anterior lens capsules with decreased thickness and multiple dehiscences.CONCLUSION:Tracey wavefront aberrometry and transmission electron microscopy are effective tools for evaluation of anterior lenticonus in Alport syndrome.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:330–336.]
Moderate-Angle Exotropia: A Comparison of Unilateral and Bilateral Rectus Muscle Recession
Authors: Spierer Oriel , Spierer Abraham , Glovinsky Joseph , Ben-Simon Guy J. 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the surgical outcome of unilateral lateral rectus recession and bilateral lateral rectus recession in moderate-angle exotropia (⩽ 30 prism diopters [PD]).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The charts of all patients with moderate-angle exotropia (30 PD) who were operated on during the years 1993 to 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-nine patients underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession (group 1) and 27 patients underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession (group 2).

RESULTS:

Exotropia improved an average of 9.4 ± 7.1 PD in group 1 and 15.5 ± 10.6 PD in group 2 (
P
< .05, independent samples Student's
t
test). The success rate, defined as deviation of 10 PD or less, was achieved in 69% of patients in group 1 and 74% of patients in group 2 (
P
= .67, chi-square). No postoperative complications occurred in either group.

CONCLUSION:
Similar postoperative success rates were achieved with unilateral lateral rectus recession and bilateral lateral rectus recession.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:355–359.]
A Novel Surgical Technique to Prevent Postoperative Ahmed Valve
TM
Tube Exposure Through Conjunctiva: Tenon Advancement and Duplication
Authors: Tamçelik Nevbahar , Sarici Ahmet M. , Yetik Huseyin , Özkök Ahmet , Özkiris Abdullah 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To present and evaluate a novel surgical technique to prevent exposure of the Ahmed valve implant tube (New World Medical, Rancho Cucamonga, CA) through conjunctiva in congenital glaucoma called “combined short scleral tunnel technique with Tenon advancement and duplication.”

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients with failed previous congenital glaucoma surgeries were divided into two groups. In group 1, 32 eyes of 28 patients with a mean age of 8.82 ± 5.39 years underwent classic Ahmed valve implant surgery. In group 2, 28 eyes of 24 patients with a mean age of 8.79 ± 5.55 years underwent the novel combined short scleral tunnel with Tenon advancement and duplication technique.

RESULTS:
After a mean 31.68 ± 9.25 months of follow-up, conjunctival tube exposure was seen in 3 patients (9.4%) in group 1. There was no conjunctival tube exposure in group 2 after a mean 34.96 ± 7.93 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
The combined short scleral tunnel with Tenon advancement and duplication technique is able to prevent conjunctival tube exposure after Ahmed valve implantation surgery in patients with congenital glaucoma.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:370–374.]
A2B Adenosine Receptors Protect against Sepsis-Induced Mortality by Dampening Excessive Inflammation
Authors: Csóka Balázs , Németh Zoltán H. , Rosenberger Peter , Eltzschig Holger K. , Spolarics Zoltán , Pacher Pál , Selmeczy Zsolt , Koscsó Balázs , Himer Leonóra , Vizi E. Sylvester , Blackburn Michael R. , Deitch Edwin A. , Haskó György 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDespite intensive research, efforts to reduce the mortality of septic patients have failed. Adenosine is a potent extracellular signaling molecule, and its levels are elevated in sepsis. Adenosine signals through G-protein–coupled receptors and can regulate the host’s response to sepsis. In this study, we studied the role of A2B adenosine receptors in regulating the mortality and inflammatory response of mice following polymicrobial sepsis. Genetic deficiency of A2B receptors increased the mortality of mice suffering from cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. The increased mortality of A2B knockout mice was associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and augmented NF-κB and p38 activation in the spleen, heart, and plasma in comparison with wild-type animals. In addition, A2B receptor knockout mice showed increased splenic apoptosis and phosphatase and tensin homolog activation and decreased Akt activation. Experiments using bone-marrow chimeras revealed that it is the lack of A2B receptors on nonhematopoietic cells that is primarily responsible for the increased inflammation of septic A2B receptor-deficient mice. These results indicate that A2B receptor activation may offer a new therapeutic approach for the management of sepsis.
Nicotine Inhibits FcεRI-Induced Cysteinyl Leukotrienes and Cytokine Production without Affecting Mast Cell Degranulation Through α7/α9/α10-Nicotinic Receptors
Authors: Mishra Neerad C. , Rir-sima-ah Jules , Boyd R. Thomas , Singh Shashi P. , Gundavarapu Sravanthi , Langley Raymond J. , Razani-Boroujerdi Seddigheh , Sopori Mohan L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSmokers are less likely to develop some inflammatory and allergic diseases. In Brown-Norway rats, nicotine inhibits several parameters of allergic asthma, including the production of Th2 cytokines and the cysteinyl leukotriene LTC4. Cysteinyl leukotrienes are primarily produced by mast cells, and these cells play a central role in allergic asthma. Mast cells express a high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI). Following its cross-linking, cells degranulate and release preformed inflammatory mediators (early phase) and synthesize and secrete cytokines/chemokines and leukotrienes (late phase). The mechanism by which nicotine modulates mast cell activation is unclear. Using α-bungarotoxin binding and quantitative PCR and PCR product sequencing, we showed that the rat mast/basophil cell line RBL-2H3 expresses nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) α7, α9, and α10; exposure to exceedingly low concentrations of nicotine (nanomolar), but not the biologically inactive metabolite cotinine, for ≥8 h suppressed the late phase (leukotriene/cytokine production) but not degranulation (histamine and hexosaminidase release). These effects were unrelated to those of nicotine on intracellular free calcium concentration but were causally associated with the inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity and the PI3K/ERK/NF-κB pathway, including phosphorylation of Akt and ERK and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The suppressive effect of nicotine on the late-phase response was blocked by the α7/α9-nAChR antagonists methyllycaconitine and α-bungarotoxin, as well as by small interfering RNA knockdown of α7-, α9-, or α10-nAChRs, suggesting a functional interaction between α7-, α9-, and α10-nAChRs that might explain the response of RBL cells to nanomolar concentrations of nicotine. This “hybrid” receptor might serve as a target for novel antiallergic/antiasthmatic therapies.
Double-Stranded RNA Exacerbates Pulmonary Allergic Reaction through TLR3: Implication of Airway Epithelium and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Torres David , Dieudonné Audrey , Ryffel Bernhard , Vilain Eva , Si-Tahar Mustapha , Pichavant Muriel , Lassalle Philippe , Trottein François , Gosset Philippe 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRespiratory viral infections have been implicated in exacerbations of allergic asthma, characterized by a Th2-biased immune response. Respiratory viruses target airway epithelial cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Their activation is, at least in part, mediated by the TLR3-dependent recognition of virus-derived dsRNA. To elucidate the role of epithelial cells and DCs and the implication of TLR3/Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) pathway, we developed a mouse model of lung allergic exacerbation. The effect of intranasal administration of dsRNA in OVA-sensitized wild-type mice and TRIF−/− mice was evaluated on airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary inflammation. Our data demonstrated that treatment with dsRNA significantly increased the airway hyperresponsiveness, the lung inflammation, and the OVA-specific Th2 response. This was associated with an infiltrate of eosinophils, myeloid DCs, and T lymphocytes. TRIF activation was required for the development of dsRNA-induced exacerbation of the allergic reaction. Intratracheal transfer of IL-4/dsRNA/OVA–pretreated DCs also triggered exacerbation of the allergic reaction, whereas cells primed with dsRNA/OVA had a more limited effect. dsRNA-induced production of CCL20 by airway epithelium was associated with DC recruitment. In vivo and in vitro treatment with dsRNA amplified airway epithelial production of the pro-Th2 chemokines CCL11 and CCL17, their secretion being enhanced by Th2 cytokines. In conclusion, dsRNA derived from respiratory viruses trigger exacerbation of the pulmonary allergic reaction through TLR3/TRIF-dependent pathway. Moreover, Th2 cytokines participate in this process by modulating the response of airway epithelium and DCs to dsRNA.
CD11c+ Dendritic Cells and B Cells Contribute to the Tumoricidal Activity of Anti-DR5 Antibody Therapy in Established Tumors
Authors: Haynes Nicole M. , Hawkins Edwin D. , Li Ming , McLaughlin Nicole M. , Hämmerling Günter J. , Schwendener Reto , Winoto Astar , Wensky Allen , Yagita Hideo , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Kershaw Michael H. , Darcy Phillip K. , Smyth Mark J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe selective targeting of the tumor-associated death-inducing receptors DR4 and DR5 with agonistic mAbs has demonstrated preclinical and clinical antitumor activity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to this efficacy remain poorly understood. In this study, using the first described C57BL/6 (B6) TRAIL-sensitive experimental tumor models, we have characterized the innate and adaptive immune components involved in the primary rejection phase of an anti-mouse DR5 (mDR5) mAb, MD5-1 in established MC38 colon adenocarcinomas. FcR mediated cross-linking of MD5-1 significantly inhibited the growth of MC38 colon adenocarcinomas through the induction of TRAIL-R–dependent tumor cell apoptosis. The loss of host DR5, TRAIL, perforin, FasL, or TNF did not compromise anti-DR5 therapy in vivo. By contrast, anti-DR5 therapy was completely abrogated in mice deficient of B cells or CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs), providing the first direct evidence that these cells play a critical role. Importantly, the requirement for an intact B cell compartment for optimal anti-DR5 antitumor efficacy was also observed in established AT-3 mammary tumors. Interestingly, MD5-1–mediated apoptosis as measured by early TUNEL activity was completely lost in B cell-deficient μMT mice, but intact in mice deficient in CD11c+ DCs. Overall, these data show that Ab-mediated targeting of DR5 triggers tumor cell apoptosis in established tumors in a B cell-dependent manner and that CD11c+ DCs make a critical downstream contribution to anti-DR5 antitumor activity.
Consequences of Increased CD45RA and RC Isoforms for TCR Signaling and Peripheral T Cell Deficiency Resulting from Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein L-Like Mutation
Authors: Wu Zuopeng , Yates Adele L. , Hoyne Gerard F. , Goodnow Christopher C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
CD45 is the most abundant protein tyrosine phosphatase in the plasma membrane of T cells and serves a critical role in TCR signaling. Different CD45 isoforms are made by alternative mRNA splicing depending on the stage of T cell development and activation, yet their role remains unclear. Expression of CD45RA and RC isoforms is increased 20- to 200-fold on T cells from thunder mice with a loss-of-function mutation in the RNA-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNPLL), although total CD45 expression is unaltered. In this study, we test the hypothesis that this shift in CD45 isoform expression alters TCR signaling, thymic selection, and accumulation of peripheral T cells. There was no discernable effect of the change in CD45 isoform expression upon Lck phosphorylation or T cell positive and negative selection, whereas these indices were strongly affected by a decrease in the overall amount of CD45 in Ptprc mutant animals. The one exception to this conclusion was in thymocytes from Ptprcloc/loc animals with 4% of normal CD45 protein levels, where Lck505 phosphorylation was increased 25% in Hnrpll mutant cells, suggesting that high m.w. CD45 isoforms had lower Lck505 phosphatase activity in this context. In T cells with no CD45 protein, hnRNPLL mutation still diminished peripheral T cell accumulation, demonstrating that hnRNPLL regulates T cell longevity independently from its effects on CD45 splicing.
The Adaptor Protein Sh2d3c Is Critical for Marginal Zone B Cell Development and Function
Authors: Al-Shami Amin , Wilkins Carrie , Crisostomo Jeannette , Seshasayee Dhaya , Martin Flavius , Xu Nianhua , Suwanichkul Adisak , Anderson Stephen J. , Oravecz Tamas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSh2d3c is an adaptor protein that has been implicated in T cell activation and shown to associate with different components of the integrin signaling pathway ex vivo. However, the in vivo significance of Sh2d3c expression in the regulation of the immune response and/or hematopoietic cell lineage development is not known. In this study, we show that expression of Sh2d3c is more critical for development and function of marginal zone B (MZB) cells than for T cell maturation. Mice deficient in Sh2d3c expression (Sh2d3c−/−) had a reduced number of MZB cells, and the residual MZB cells failed to properly capture polysaccharide Ags. Activation-induced proliferation, cytokine production, and migration of Sh2d3c−/− splenic B cells were also significantly reduced in vitro compared with wild-type (Sh2d3c+/+) cells. In contrast, T cell development and function were largely normal in Sh2d3c−/− mice. The thymi of Sh2d3c−/− mice showed no maturational abnormalities, the number of splenic T cells was only modestly reduced, and the T cells responded normally to in vitro polyclonal activation. The observed B cell deficiency in the Sh2d3c−/− mice led to diminished humoral immune response against thymus-independent type 2, but not thymus-dependent Ags, which highlights the primary in vivo role of Sh2d3c in regulating B cell development and function.
Optimization of the Magnetic Properties of FePd Alloys by Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Chbihi Abdelahad , Sauvage Xavier , Genevois Cécile , Blavette Didier , Gunderov Dmitry , Popov Alexander G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA FePd alloy was nanostructured by severe plastic deformation following two different routes: ordered and disordered states were processed by high pressure torsion (HPT). A grain size in a range of 50 to 150 nm is obtained in both cases. Severe plastic deformation induces some significant disordering of the long range ordered L10 phase. However, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data clearly show that few ordered nanocrystals remain in the deformed state. The deformed materials were annealed to achieve nanostructured long range ordered alloys. The transformation proceeds via a first order transition characterized by the nucleation of numerous ordered domains along grain boundaries. The influence of the annealing conditions (temperature and time) on the coercivity was studied for both routes. It is demonstrated that starting with the disorder state prior to HPT and annealing at low temperature (400 °C) leads to the highest coercivity (about 1.8 kOe).