bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Organization-Based Intervention to Improve Support for Employee Heart Health
Authors: Golaszewski Thomas , Barr Donald , Cochran Sandra 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a management training seminar, developed through a partnership among a college, a managed care company, and a state public health department, to increase the level of organizational support for employee heart health in selected companies. Design. Quasiexperimental. Setting. Worksites, including heavy and light industries, school districts, insurance companies, county health agencies, and health care centers. Subjects. Twenty western New York companies matched on size, industry type, and interest in worksite health promotion. Intervention. Seven training seminars held at a college for 1 year and directed primarily at human resource managers. Training was supplemented by the availability of student interns, faculty consulting, a vendors' fair, and various program planning aids. Measures. Groups were assessed using HeartCheck, a measure of organizational support for employee heart health. Results. A fourfold difference in change for HeartCheck was observed by the experimental vs. comparison groups (p < .01), along with significantly greater increases on five of the instrument's six subscales (p < .05). The level of HeartCheck reached in the experimental group matched those seen in highly acclaimed commercially sponsored programs. Conclusion. This study represents one of the first attempts to intervene at the organizational level within a worksite health promotion initiative. Positive results were observed that appear to be both meaningful and cost-effective.
The Impact of Including Incentives and Competition in a Workplace Smoking Cessation Program on Quit Rates
Authors: Koffman Dyann Matson , Lee Jerry W. , Hopp Joyce W. , Emont Seth L. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of a multicomponent smoking cessation program supplemented by incentives and team competition. Design. A quasi-experimental design was employed to compare the effectiveness of three different smoking cessation programs, each assigned to separate worksites. Setting. The study was conducted from 1990 to 1991 at three aerospace industry worksites in California. Subjects. All employees who were current, regular tobacco users were eligible to participate in the program offered at their site. Intervention. The multicomponent program included a self-help package, telephone counseling, and other elements. The incentive-competition program included the multicomponent program plus cash incentives and team competition for the first 5 months of the program. The traditional program offered a standard smoking cessation program. Measures. Self-reported questionnaires and carbon monoxide tests of tobacco use or abstinence were used over a 12-month period. Results. The incentive-competition program had an abstinence rate of 41% at 6 months (n = 68), which was significantly better than the multicomponent program (23%, n = 81) or the traditional program (8%, n = 36). At 12 months, the quit rates for the incentive and multicomponent programs were statistically indistinguishable (37% vs. 30%), but remained higher than the traditional program (11%). Chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to compare smoking abstinence across the three programs. Conclusions. Offering a multicomponent program with telephone counseling may be just as effective for long-term smoking cessation as such a program plus incentives and competition, and more effective than a traditional program.
Family Members' Influence on Decision Making about Food: Differences in Perception and Relationship with Healthy Eating
Authors: De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Van Oost Paulette 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This study provides insight into decision making about food choices in the family and its relationship with (un)healthy eating, by including the responses of four members of the family as a sampling unit. Setting. The study was conducted through four medical centers, visited by 69 classes from 19 different schools in Belgium. Subjects. Ninety-two family quartets, including both parents and two adolescents between 12 and 18 years old, completed questionnaires independently. Measures. Four previously investigated measures of decision-making power (30 items on a seven-point scale) were administered, along with a short food choice questionnaire and demographic variables. Results. Results indicate that the influence of fathers but more especially that of children is important in food decisions. Moreover, the relative influence of each family member is dependent on the kind of product or product group considered. Differences in perceptions between the four family members show the importance of considering the responses of all the people involved in family decision making. Finally, it is clear that in families where adolescents have more power, food choices are less healthy. Conclusions. Our main conclusion is the rejection of the “gatekeeper hypothesis” as an artifact of biased measurement. A multidimensional approach to the issue of influence in food decision making in the family is potentially richer and leads to different conclusions. The necessity of the involvement of the entire family for the introduction and adoption of healthy eating is emphasized.
Comparison of the Scope of Allopathic and Osteopathic Medical School Health Promotion Programs for Students
Authors: Hooper Jacqueline , Cox Carolyn C. , Cambre Karl , Wilburn Debbie , Webster Michael , Wolf Thomas 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To compare the number and scope of health promotion programs for students in allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in the U. S. and Canada. Design. A one-time cross-sectional survey design was applied in this study. Setting. This study was conducted in 141 accredited allopathic and 17 accredited osteopathic medical schools. Subjects. A total of 158 representatives from the allopathic and osteopathic medical schools participated in this study. The response rate for the survey was 100%. Measures. A structured telephone interview was conducted to survey representatives from the medical schools. The survey contained 85 multiple-choice questions organized into four sections: administrative characteristics, types of institutional and health promotion program policies, participation incentives and facilities, and type/scope of health promotion program activities. Chi-square analysis was used to analyze survey variables by type of medical education and level of intervention. Results. Of the 158 medical schools, only 20 % (n = 32) provided a health promotion program for students. Although osteopathic institutions (29.4%) had a greater percentage of programs than allopathic schools (19.2%), there was no significant difference in scope of program offerings by type of medical education. Allopathic programs offered exercise and nutrition/weight management significantly more often and at a higher level of intervention. Lastly, allopathic programs had significantly more monetary resources available for programming. Following prudent research protocol, investigators should be mindful of the limitations of this study. In this study, some school representatives chose not to answer personnel- and finance-related questions. Additionally, because of the self-report nature of the survey, the responses given to the questions may not have been accurate. Conclusion. Allopathic and osteopathic medical school health promotion programs for students were very similar in scope.
Evaluation of the Pressure Ulcer Prevention Clinical Decision Report for Bedside Nurses in Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Tschannen D. , Guo Y. , Kazemi J. , Talsma A. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryBackground: Hospital stays for patients with pressure ulcers (PU) increased nearly 80% from 1992 to 2006. Most PU’s developed during an admission, often despite preventive efforts from clinical staff. Data from Electronic medical records (EMR’s) were used to prepare daily patient risk factor and PU information for nurses to help prevent PU development and exacerbations.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine whether: 1) dissemination of an automated daily report with patient risk and current status of pressure ulcers (“PU Daily”) helps prevent the development of pressure ulcers, and 2) using the PU Daily information impacts the severity of pressure ulcers that develop in an acute care setting.Methods: A pre-post study with four control units was designed to determine the impact of the PU Daily in intensive care units (ICU) in a large medical center. The control units included ICU’s using the same EMR and similar complexity of cases with a high risk of developing a PU. The pre-post study took place over a six month period (March – August 2009).Results: A total of 6,735 cases were included in the study. The intervention unit showed a significant decrease (p = 0.004) in PU’s at post-evaluation; none of the four comparison units showed a decrease at the p<0.05 level. The intervention led to a significant reduction in the total number of PU’s documented (p <0.000) and the number of Stage II PU’s (p = 0.046).Conclusion: The intervention with the PU Daily showed a significant decrease in the total PU’s and severity of PU’s and allowed for implementation of interventions that help prevent the development of PU’s. As EMR’s become more widely available, this intervention showed a reduction in PU’s. Future studies should further develop this intervention and include multiple institutions and patient populations.
A Home Toolkit for Primary Prevention of Influenza by Individuals and Families
Authors: Finkelstein Stan , Prakash Shiva , Nigmatulina Karima , McDevitt James , Larson Richard 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAn influenza pandemic can overwhelm the capacities of hospitals, clinics, nursing facilities, and emergency services. The likelihood is that most of the individuals who are stricken will be cared for at home, and there is strong evidence that in-home caregivers bear a disproportionate risk of becoming infected. We reviewed the scientific literature after 2000 to identify steps that in-home caregivers can take to reduce the chances that they and other household members will become infected in the home. Personal hygiene, common masks, and technologies including air filters and UV light each offer incremental benefits, and in combination are expected to reduce a portion of the risk that household members face when caring for a member who has become infected. In pandemics and even seasonal epidemics, seemingly small steps can literally mean the difference between life and death, especially for in-home caregivers.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:266–271)
Measurement of Action Potential Generation in Isolated Canine Left Ventricular Midmyocardial Myocytes
Authors: Johnson Daniel M. , Hussein Leyla , Spätjens Roel L.H.M.G. , Valentin Jean‐Pierre , Volders Paul G.A. , Abi‐Gerges Najah 
Published: December 2011

AbstractProarrhythmic side effects are a major limitation during the drug development process for cardiac and non‐cardiac compounds. Because changes in cardiac action potential (AP) are undesirable, the evaluation of the effects of test compounds on the AP is essential before advancing new compounds to clinical testing. However, an increase in repolarization duration alone is not always proarrhythmic, and newer surrogate markers have been suggested to better predict the occurrence of arrhythmia. Described in this unit is a protocol for assessing changes in AP duration in canine ventricular myocytes utilizing optical imaging techniques. This protocol can be used at an early stage of drug discovery due to its relatively fast throughput. Additionally, a protocol is presented for assessing the occurrence of after‐depolarizations, as well as a novel parameter for proarrhythmic risk, beat‐to‐beat variability of repolarization. This protocol can be used at a later stage of the drug discovery process to assess proarrhythmic potential. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 55:10.14.1‐10.14.23. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis of the Tellurium‐Derivatized Phosphoramidites and Their Incorporation into DNA Oligonucleotides
Authors: Jiang Sibo , Sheng Jia , Huang Zhen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this unit, an efficient method for the synthesis of 2′‐tellerium‐modified phosphoramidite and its incorporation into oligonucleotide are presented. We choose 5′‐O‐DMTr‐2,2′‐anhydro‐uridine and ‐thymidine nucleosides (S.1, S.2) as starting materials due to their easy preparation. The 5′‐O‐DMTr‐2,2′‐anhydro‐uridine and ‐thymidine can be converted to the corresponding 2′‐tellerium‐derivatized nucleosides by treating with the telluride nucleophiles. Subsequently, the 2′‐Te‐nucleosides can be transformed into 3′‐phosphoramidites, which are the building blocks for DNA/RNA synthesis. The DNA synthesis, purification, and applications of oligonucleotides containing 2′‐Te‐U or 2′‐Te‐T are described in the protocol. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 47:1.25.1‐1.25.16. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis of Entecavir and Its Novel Class of Analogs
Authors: Rawal Ravindra K. , Singh Uma Sharan , Gadthula Srinivas , Chu Chung K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDue to the slow kinetics of viral clearance and the spontaneous genetic variability of hepatitis B virus (HBV), antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B remains a clinical challenge. Entecavir (S.10; a 2′‐deoxy carbocyclic guanosine analog with an exo‐cyclic double bond on the 5′‐position; Fig. 14.7.1) has been approved in the U.S. for the therapy of chronic hepatitis B. Entecavir is synthesized from D‐ribose via a key allylic alcohol (S.3) intermediate. This intermediate is also utilized to synthesize entecavir‐modified carbocyclic nucleosides S.13, S.15, S.19, and S.22. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 47:14.7.1‐14.7.17. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Clinical outcomes in psoriatic arthritis: A systematic literature review
Authors: Palominos Penélope Esther , Gaujoux‐Viala Cécile , Fautrel Bruno , Dougados Maxime , Gossec Laure 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveMany outcomes have been proposed in the assessment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) core set for PsA evaluation comprises 6 domains: joints, skin, function, pain, patient's global assessment, and quality of life. The objective of this work was to assess reporting of outcomes in PsA, including patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in recent publications.MethodsA systematic literature search of clinical trials related to PsA and reporting at least 1 clinical outcome between 2006 and 2010 was performed in PubMed, i.e., just before to just after publication of the OMERACT core set. All clinical outcomes were noted and subdivided into domains of health. Data analysis was descriptive.ResultsFifty‐eight articles (12,405 patients) were included in the analysis: 17 (29%) were randomized clinical trials; the patients' mean ± SD age was 48.2 ± 5.4 years and the mean ± SD disease duration was 9.0 ± 3.1 years. Eighty‐four different outcomes were reported, with a mean ± SD of 6.9 ± 4.3 per study. Patients were mainly assessed using the 6 core set domains, reported in 37.9% (quality of life) to 55.2% (skin) of articles; however, the core set was rarely completely reported since only 10.3% of the studies reported all 6 core domains. PROs were heterogeneous and in particular there was no consensus regarding the number of joints to assess and instruments for dactylitis and enthesitis. PROs were assessed in more than 75% of publications using 28 different instruments.ConclusionThere is great heterogeneity in PsA assessment, even since publication of the OMERACT core set. Better consensus on instruments to assess each domain of health and better insight into which outcomes are important for patients is needed.
Complete 2,5‐Diastereocontrol in the Organocatalytic Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Enals with Azomethine Ylides Derived from α‐Iminocyanoacetates: Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidines with Four Stereocentres
Authors: Reboredo Silvia , Vicario Jose L. , Badía Dolores , Carrillo Luisa , Reyes Efraím 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRacemic α‐iminocyanoacetates have been used as azomethine ylide precursors in the catalytic enantioselective [3+2] cycloaddition with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by (S)‐α,α‐diphenylprolinol leading to the fully stereocontrolled formation of pyrrolidine cycloadducts with four stereocentres, one of them being a quaternary one. The reaction proceeded with excellent yields, endo‐selectivities and enantioselectivities. Remarkably, complete 2,5‐diastereoselection has also been achieved under the optimized reaction conditions, which has been explained in terms of the participation of intramolecular H‐bonding interaction which contributes to stabilize one determined geometry for the in situ generated azomethine ylide.
Epoxidized perfluoropolyethers: A route to hydrophobic, negative‐tone photoresists
Authors: Chaffins Sterling , Hinch Garry , DeKam Kevin , Waterhous Vince , Smith Jim , Overbay Milo , Bilich Dan , Hovermale Chris , Jones John 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe synthesis, formulation, and wafer level processing conditions of a heavily fluorinated hydrophobic photoresist was demonstrated. The synthesis is based on terminal epoxy modification of commercially available perfluoropolyethers. Structural characterization shows that terminal epoxide can open during the synthetic process, but in a simple formulation has a negligible effect on photoresolution of the photoresist. Formulation into a traditional photoresist requires careful selection of appropriate cosolvents to ensure solubility of the hydrophobic epoxy and hydrophilic photoacid generator while attaining adequate coating quality. Formulation processing conditions are presented and the chemical resistance of the resist through aggressive processing steps is demonstrated. Wafer level patterning using traditional photolithographic tools illustrates the applicability of the formulation and process conditions for traditional resist or microfluidic applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The dispersants effect on physical properties of long‐lasting luminescent polypropylene
Authors: Jang Shin‐Cheng , Shu Yao‐Chi , Chuang Fu‐Sheng , Tsen Wen‐Chin , Chow Jing‐Dong , Chen Chien‐Chung 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo series of blends, O‐PP15 and O‐PP35, were prepared by mixing polypropylene (PP), luminescent powders (SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+) of 15 and 35 μm average particle diameter, and hydrophobic dispersant at about 190°C in the Brabender mixer. The effect of amounts and diameter of luminescent powders on the physical properties of PP material were discussed herein. The luminescence and afterglow time tests indicated that the initial luminescence of all blends increased with the luminescent powders amounts. O‐PP35 blends showed lower afterglow luminance than O‐PP15 blends at low luminescent powder amounts. The melting and crystallization temperatures of the blends appeared at 152–168°C and 87–103°C, respectively. The blends displayed peaks attributable to a α crystal structure at 2θ = 18°–19°. The β crystal structure was only evident from its characteristic 2θ peak at 15°–16° in the WAXD pattern of the O‐PP35 blends with high luminescent powder amounts. All of the blends had lower tensile strengths. However, the improvement in the luminescent powder distribution was evident from the SEM images after adding hydrophobic dispersant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and characterization of polyacrylate/polymerized rosin composite emulsions by seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization
Authors: Chen Pingxu , Zeng Xingrong , Li Hongqiang , Liu Xiaodan , Liu Dandan , Li Xiaolan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolyacrylate/polymerized rosin composite emulsions were prepared by seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of acrylate monomers in which polymerized rosin was dissolved. The effects of polymerized rosin content on the polymerization stability, monomer conversion, polymer structure, and adhesive properties were studied. Polyacrylate/polymerized rosin composites were characterized by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogracvimetry (TG). The results showed that with an increase of polymerized rosin content from 0 to 6 wt %, gel fraction and sol molecular weight decreased obviously but monomer conversion was basically unchanged. In contrast, with a further increase of polymerized rosin content, the decreasing rates of gel fraction, and sol molecular weight were slowed down. Meanwhile, monomer conversion decreased remarkably. Moreover, interface failure changed into cohesive failure after the addition of polymerized rosin, and the peel adhesion and shear resistance of composite latex films declined with the increase of polymerized rosin content. Thermal analysis showed that polymerized rosin and polyacrylate were compatible and the composite latex films had good thermal stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Expandable styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer: Synthesis and determination of VOCs by combined thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Haddadi E. , Mehravar E. , Abbasi F. , Jalili K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractParts cast of metals using expandable polystyrene foams may have an unacceptable amount of surface defects, such as lustrous carbon. The use of foams made of styrenic/acrylic copolymers can improve the quality of foam molds and metal parts made using such molds. Lost foam copolymer was synthesized by suspension copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate. The polymerization was carried out in the presence of blowing agents. The decomposition products of lost foam beads were studied by a method composed of the thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). With these systems, the TG/DTA data can be combined with a GC separation and MS identification methods. This combined method improves the analysis of the decomposition products of lost foam beads and enables the precise identification of the amount and the nature of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) trapped during suspension polymerization. The results obtained from the combined method were verified for the nature and amount of VOCs with the results of time‐conversion studies for copolymerization of monomers in the presence of different concentrations of blowing agent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011