bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence imaging to quantify the fluorescent microspheres in cardiac tissue
Authors: Gussakovsky Eugene , Kuzio Bozena , Yang Yanmin , Kupriyanov Valery 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo quantify the fluorescent microsphere (FM) content in cardiac tissue, which is an indicative of blood flow, fluorescence imaging of both sides of the pig heart slice was employed. Despite the light scattering inside the tissue and contributions from multiple tissue layers to the total emission, it is shown that the fluorescence intensity at any pixel is proportional to the FM content and the fluorescence image may be transformed to the image of the FM concentration. A convenient standard for the emission‐FM concentration transformation is proposed. The approach has several advantages in comparison with the traditional “digestion & extraction” method such as: non‐destructiveness, high spatial resolution, high throughput, repeatability and simplicity of operation. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fibronectin inhibits osteoclastogenesis while enhancing osteoclast activity via nitric oxide and interleukin‐1β‐mediated signaling pathways
Authors: Gramoun Azza , Azizi Natoosha , Sodek Jaro , Heersche Johan N.M. , Nakchbandi Inaam , Manolson Morris F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOsteoclasts are bone‐resorbing cells formed by fusion of mononuclear precursors. The matrix proteins, fibronectin (FN), vitronectin (VN), and osteopontin (OPN) are implicated in joint destruction and interact with osteoclasts mainly through integrins. To assess the effects of these matrix proteins on osteoclast formation and activity, we used RAW 264.7 (RAW) cells and mouse splenocytes differentiated into osteoclasts on tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) or osteologic™ slides pre‐coated with 0.01–20 µg/ml FN, VN, and OPN. At 96 h, osteoclast number and multinucleation were decreased on VN and FN compared to OPN and TCP in both RAW and splenocytes cell cultures. When early differentiation was assessed, VN but not FN decreased cytoplasmic tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity and pre‐osteoclast number at 48 h. OPN had the opposite effect to FN on osteoclast formation. When RAW cells were differentiated on OPN and treated by FN and OPN, osteoclast number only in the FN treated group was 40–60% lower than the control, while the total number of nuclei was unchanged, suggesting that FN delays osteoclast fusion. In contrast to its inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis, FN increased resorption by increasing both osteoclast activity and the percentage of resorbing osteoclasts. This was accompanied by an increase in nitric oxide (NO) levels and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). IL‐1β production was inhibited using the NO‐synthase inhibitor only on FN indicating a FN‐specific cross‐talk between NO and IL‐1β signaling pathways. We conclude that FN upregulates osteoclast activity despite inhibiting osteoclast formation and that these effects involve NO and IL‐1β signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1020–1034, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examining the performance of Google and AltaVista through the lens of the Cube One framework
Authors: Kopelman Richard E. , Chiou Andy Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article examines the management, marketing, and human resource practices of two Internet search companies through the lens of the Cube One framework, a three‐dimensional model of the determinants of organizational performance that posits that successful organizations must simultaneously meet the needs of customers, employees, and the providers of capital. A detailed examination of enacted practices reveals that Google, which has been extraordinarily successful, has succeeded in all three regards. In contrast, AltaVista, which went out of business, did not. The Cube One framework, then, is useful for explaining differences in organizational performance and can serve as a guide for managing organizations in a globally competitive environment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictive significance of preoperative serum VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D, independently and combined with Ca19‐9, for the presence of malignancy and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Tsirlis Theodoros D. , Kostakis Alkiviadis , Papastratis George , Masselou Kiriaki , Vlachos Ioannis , Papachristodoulou Antonios , Nikiteas Nikolaos I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundCumulative evidence demonstrate that lymphangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)‐C and ‐D are over‐expressed and associated to lymph node metastasis (LNM) in gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate whether preoperative serum levels of VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D could be useful tumor markers in patients with operable gastric adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe prospectively examined serum samples from 40 patients and 40 non‐cancer controls using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression analysis was implemented. VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D were studied independently and in combination with Ca19‐9.ResultsIn gastric cancer patients, preoperative VEGF‐C was significantly lower as compared to controls and to postoperative VEGF‐C (P < 0.001); preoperative VEGF‐D was significantly higher as compared to controls and to postoperative VEGF‐D (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis identified a VEGF‐C/VEGF‐D cut‐off value of <2.7 for the presence of gastric cancer, with 83% sensitivity and 75% specificity (P < 0.001). Backward stepwise selection modeling including sex, age, VEGF‐D and Ca19‐9, predicted the presence of LNM with 86% sensitivity and 82% specificity (P < 0.001).ConclusionCirculating levels of VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D could play a role as biomarkers for serological detection and staging in gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:699–703. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leucine enkephalin—A mass spectrometry standard
Authors: Sztáray Judit , Memboeuf Antony , Drahos László , Vékey Károly 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe present article reviews the mass spectrometric fragmentation processes and fragmentation energetics of leucine enkephalin, a commonly used peptide, which has been studied in detail and has often been used as a standard or reference compound to test novel instrumentation, new methodologies, or to tune instruments. The main purpose of the article is to facilitate its use as a reference material; therefore, all available mass spectrometry‐related information on leucine enkephalin has been critically reviewed and summarized. The fragmentation mechanism of leucine enkephalin is typical for a small peptide; but is understood far better than that of most other compounds. Because ion ratios in the MS/MS spectra indicate the degree of excitation, leucine enkephalin is often used as a thermometer molecule in electrospray or matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (ESI or MALDI). Other parameters described for leucine enkephalin include collisional cross‐section and energy transfer; proton affinity and gas‐phase basicity; radiative cooling rate; and vibrational frequencies. The lowest‐energy fragmentation channel of leucine enkephalin is the MH+ → b4 process. All available data for this process have been re‐evaluated. It was found that, although the published Ea values were significantly different, the corresponding Gibbs free energy change showed good agreement (1.32 ± 0.07 eV) in various studies. Temperature‐ and energy‐dependent rate constants were re‐evaluated with an Arrhenius plot. The plot showed good linear correlation among all data (R2 = 0.97), spanned over a 9 orders of magnitude range in the rate constants and yielded 1.14 eV activation energy and 1011.0 sec−1 pre‐exponential factor. Accuracy (including random and systematic errors, with a 95% confidence interval) is ±0.05 eV and 10±0.5 sec−1, respectively. The activation entropy at 470 K that corresponds to this reaction is −38.1 ± 9.6 J mol−1 K−1. We believe that these re‐evaluated values are by far the most accurate activation parameters available at present for a protonated peptide and can be considered as “consensus” values; results on other processes might be compared to this reference value. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:298–320, 2011
Controlled trial on the effect of 10 days low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on motor signs in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Arias Pablo , Vivas Jamile , Grieve Kenneth L. , Cudeiro Javier 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of low‐frequency rTMS on motor signs in Parkinson's disease (PD), under a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial design. PD patients were randomly assigned to received either real (n = 9) or sham (n = 9) rTMS for 10 days. Each session comprises two trains of 50 stimuli each delivered at 1 Hz and at 90% of daily rest motor threshold using a large circular coil over the vertex. The effect of the stimulation, delivered during the ON‐period, was evaluated during both ON and OFF periods. Tests were carried out before and after the stimulation period, and again 1 week after. The effect of the stimulation was evaluated through several gait variables (cadence, step amplitude, velocity, the CVstride‐time, and the turn time), hand dexterity, and also the total and motor sections of the UPDRS. Only the total and motor section of the UPDRS and the turn time during gait were affected by the stimulation, the effect appearing during either ON or OFF evaluation, and most importantly, equally displayed in both real and sham group. The rest of the variables were not influenced. We conclude the protocol of stimulation used, different from most protocols that apply larger amount of stimuli, but very similar to some previously reported to have excellent results, has no therapeutic value and should be abandoned. This contrasts with the positive reported effects using higher frequency and focal coils. Our work also reinforces the need for sham stimulation when evaluating the therapeutic effect of rTMS. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Living his writings: The example of neurologist G. Gilles de la tourette
Authors: Walusinski Olivier , Duncan Gregory 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGilles de la Tourette is known for the disease which now bears his name. As one of the closest followers of Jean‐Martin Charcot, he always remained faithful to his mentor's views and was one of the most vehement defenders of La Salpêtrière. His activities in the management of hysterics and in hypnotism helped build his reputation during his lifetime, but are now largely forgotten. Gilles de la Tourette had an unusual personality, with hypomanic and histrionic traits. We present some ignored aspects of his life based on the discovery of personal letters which illuminate the hidden side of this famous neurologist. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Melevodopa/carbidopa effervescent formulation in the treatment of motor fluctuations in advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Stocchi Fabrizio , Zappia Mario , Dall'Armi Valentina , Kulisevsky Jaime , Lamberti Paolo , Obeso José Angel ,   on behalf of the Melevodopa Plus Carbidopa Study Group
Published: July 2010

AbstractMelevodopa hydrochloride plus carbidopa in effervescent tablets (M/C) is a readily soluble antiparkinsonian tablet formulation. A total of 221 patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations entered a randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, controlled parallel group study, which compared the effectiveness of oral M/C effervescent tablets with standard oral formulation levodopa/carbidopa tablets (L/C; Sinemet) in reducing total daily OFF time. The difference of total daily OFF time (intention‐to‐treat population) between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.07): −39.4 minutes (95%CI: −67.08 to −11.73) in M/C group vs. +3.5 minutes (95%CI: −36.19 to +43.26) in the L/C group. In the intragroup analysis, M/C significantly reduced the baseline daily OFF, which remained unchanged in the L/C group. There were no unexpected adverse events in either treatment arms, and discontinuation rates due to adverse events did not differ between the two groups [M/C: 2 patients (1.3%); L/C: 1 patient (1.4%)]. This study failed to meet the primary endpoint (P = 0.07); however, there was a trend in favour of the M/C preparation, which deserves further attention. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Classifying subgroups of patients with symptoms of acute coronary syndromes: A cluster analysis
Authors: DeVon Holli A. , Ryan Catherine J. , Rankin Sally H. , Cooper Bruce A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to identify subgroups of patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes based on symptom clusters. Two hundred fifty‐six patients completed a symptom assessment in their hospital rooms. Latent class cluster analysis and analysis of variance were used to classify subgroups of patients according to selected clinical characteristics. Four subgroups were identified and labeled as Heavy Symptom Burden, Chest Pain Only, Sweating and Weak, and Short of Breath and Weak (model fit χ2 [130,891, n = 256] = 867.5, p = 1.00). The largest group of patients experienced classic symptoms of chest pain and shortness of breath but not sweating. Younger patients were more likely to cluster in the Heavy Symptom Burden group (F = 5.08, p = .002). Interpretation of the clinical significance of these groupings requires further study. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:386–397, 2010
Product distribution in the Cl‐initiated photooxidation of CF3C(O)OCH2CF3
Authors: Blanco M. B. , Barnes I. , Teruel Mariano A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe product distribution and the mechanism of the reaction of Cl atoms with 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl 2,2,2‐trifluoroacetate (TFETFA; CF3C(O)OCH2CF3) were investigated using a 1080 L environmental chamber with in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy detection. The experiments were performed at (296 ± 2) K and atmospheric pressure (760 ± 10) Torr of synthetic air free of NOx. A yield of (45 ± 3)% was obtained for the CF3C(O)OC(O)CF3 formation. CF2O and CO were produced with estimated yields of 35 and 28%, respectively. No trifluoroacetic acid (TFA; CF3C(O)OH) was observed. The yields determined are rationalized in terms of the competitive reaction channels for the fluoroalcoxy radicals formed in the H‐abstraction process: (a) reaction with O2, (b) CC, CO, CH decomposition, and (c) a possible α‐ester rearrangement pathway. The negligible importance of the α‐ester channel, to produce TFA, was explained by the reduction of the stability of the five‐membered transition state of the α‐ester rearrangement. Atmospheric implications, particularly regarding the fluorocarboxylic acid formation, are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Respiratory impedance and bronchodilator response in healthy Italian preschool children
Authors: Calogero C. , Parri N. , Baccini A. , Cuomo B. , Palumbo M. , Novembre E. , Morello P. , Azzari C. , de Martino M. , Sly P.D. , Lombardi E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo define normal values for respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) and bronchodilator response (BDR) in a population of healthy Italian preschool children using a commercially available forced oscillation device.MethodsRrs and Xrs were measured in kindergartens in Viterbo, Italy. Regression analysis was performed taking into account height, weight, age, gender, and reference equations calculated. The coefficient of repeatability (CR) between two tests performed 15 min apart was calculated in a subset of children. BDR was assessed by repeating the measurements 15 min after the administration of 200 µg of inhaled salbutamol and calculated as an absolute change in Rrs and Xrs at 8 Hz, as a percent change in baseline, and as a change in Z‐score calculated from the reference equations.ResultsLung function was attempted in 175 healthy children and successful in 163 (81 male, median age 4.8, range 2.9–6.1 years). Rrs and Xrs at 6, 8, and 10 Hz were related to height but not other variables. The CR was 1.53 hPa s L−1 for Rrs8 and 0.91 hPa s L−1 for Xrs8. The 5th percentile for absolute Rrs8 BDR was −3.16 hPa s L−1, whereas the 95th percentile for absolute Xrs8 BDR was 2.25 hPa s L−1. These cut‐off values corresponded to a change in the Z‐score of −1.88 and 2.48, respectively.ConclusionsWe have established reference equations for Rrs and Xrs in healthy Italian preschool children using forced oscillations. We recommend a change in Z‐score of −1.88 for Rrs8 and 2.48 for Xrs8 as cut‐off values for a positive BDR. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010;45:1086–1094. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An 18‐month study of the safety and efficacy of repeated courses of inhaled aztreonam lysine in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Oermann Christopher M. , Retsch‐Bogart George Z. , Quittner Alexandra L. , Gibson Ronald L. , McCoy Karen S. , Montgomery A. Bruce , Cooper Peter J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChronic airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) causes morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Additional anti‐PA therapies are needed to improve health status and health‐related quality of life. AIR‐CF3 was an international 18‐month, open‐label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated courses of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI, now marketed as Cayston®) in patients aged ≥6 years with CF and PA infection who previously participated in one of two Phase 3 studies: AIR‐CF1 or AIR‐CF2. Patients received up to nine courses (28 days on/28 days off) of 75 mg AZLI two (BID) or three times daily (TID) based on randomization in the previous trials. 274 patients, mean age 28.5 years (range: 8–74 years), participated. Mean treatment adherence was high (92.0% BID group, 88.0% TID group). Hospitalization rates were low and adverse events were consistent with CF. With each course of AZLI, FEV1 and scores on the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire‐Revised Respiratory Symptom scale improved and bacterial density in sputum was reduced. Benefits waned in the 28 days off therapy, but weight gain was sustained over the 18 months. There were no sustained decreases in PA susceptibility. A dose response was observed; AZLI TID‐treated patients demonstrated greater improvements in lung function and respiratory symptoms over 18 months. Repeated intermittent 28‐day courses of AZLI treatment were well tolerated. Clinical benefits in pulmonary function, health‐related quality of life, and weight were observed with each course of therapy. AZLI is a safe and effective new therapy in patients with CF and PA airway infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010;45:1121–1134. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The promise and realities of comparative effectiveness research
Authors: Gatsonis Constantine 
Published: July 2010

AbstractComparative Effectiveness Research (CER) has been given a broad and ambitious mandate. Will it be able to deliver the multifaceted and granular comparative information that it has been tasked with developing? After a discussion of the general conditions for the feasibility of CER, we focus our attention on one of the most challenging areas: the evaluation of diagnostic tests and biomarkers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thixocasting Steel Hand Tools using Al2O3‐coated Steel and Molybdenum Dies
Authors: Bünck M. , Subasic E. , Bührig‐Polaczek A. , Jiang K. , Münstermann S. , Schneider J. M. , Fickert K. , Günther H.‐J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractForging is state‐of‐the‐art for producing hand tools on an industrial scale. Due to high demands on the stiffness and the fracture toughness, high‐strength forging steels are used to provide cavity‐free components with high mechanical load capacity. Moreover, forging is a cost‐effective mass production process but, in spite of all its advantages, it has its limitations, e.g. in the freedom of designs. However, because of the extreme thermal loading (particularly with regard to permanent moulds) and the frequently unavoidable casting defects, hand tools are not cast.By means of thixocasting steel, technical difficulties can be reduced and new options are provided which allow the manufacturing of components with much higher complexity than that using forging. Through near‐net shape production, manufacturing steps and costs can be reduced. Furthermore, steels, which are difficult to forge but nonetheless have high potential for specific applications (such as high strength or corrosion resistant steels), can also be processed.In cooperation with industrial partners, X39CrMo17 stainless steel size 17 combination spanners were thixocast. Forming dies were designed and optimized by simulation, the hot forming X38CrMoV5 tool steel as well as the molybdenum alloy TZM were selected as the tool alloys. The dies were treated by a plasma nitriding process and subsequently coated with crystalline Al2O3 protective coatings by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). During the experiments, combination spanners were successfully cast in the semi‐solid state. Cast parts were heat‐treated to enhance the components' toughness, which was subsequently measured by Charpy impact and tensile tests.
Dependence of Accelerated Creep Rate at 580 °C and Room Temperature Yield Stress for Two Creep Resistant Steels
Authors: Vodopivec F. , Vojvodič‐Tuma J. , Jenko M. , Celin R. , Šuštaršič B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo creep resistant steels, P91 and X20, were tempered for 17520 h at 650 °C or 8760 h at 750 °C to study the growth and redistribution of carbide precipitates in martensite. On specimens annealed for a different time, yield stress at room temperature and accelerated creep rate at 580 °C were determined. With increasing yield stress in the range from 350 to 650 MPa the accelerated creep rate decreased continuously by about 2 orders of magnitude from 8·10−7 s−1 to 5·10−9 s−1. For equal yield stress, the creep rate was slightly lower for the steel P91 than for the steel X20.
Short‐term Creep Behavior of an X 37 Cr Mo V 5‐1 Hot‐work Tool Steel with almost Bainitic and fully Martensitic Microstructures
Authors: Wurmbauer H. , Leitner H. , Panzenböck M. , Scheu C. , Clemens H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study two different heat treatments were conducted on an X 37 Cr Mo V 5‐1 hot‐work tool steel, resulting either in a tempered fully martensitic matrix or a matrix almost consisting of tempered bainite. Short‐term creep tests were performed at a high stress level of 800 MPa and at temperatures in the range from 450 °C to 500 °C. Creep specimens consisting of a tempered fully martensitic microstructure exhibited a three times longer creep‐to‐rupture time, than those consisting of a tempered almost bainitic microstructure. Microstructural investigations of creep specimens were performed by transmission electron microscopy. Results of these investigations revealed that due to a lower cooling rate, which is necessary to form bainite, the tempered bainitic microstructure consists of large former bainitic plates, whereas tempered martensite shows fine former martensitic laths. Tempered bainite also exhibits a higher number density of large M3C, M7C3 and MC carbides than tempered martensite. Small M2C carbides appear in both microstructures in the same quantity, however, nanometer‐sized MC carbides could only be found in tempered martensite. Thus poor short‐term creep behavior of the tempered almost bainitic microstructure can be explained by the lesser amount of strengthening relevant precipitates, a smaller size‐effect due to distance of bainitic interfaces as well as lower solid solution hardening.