bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Flows in Galaxies: the Relative Importance of Mergers and Bars.
Authors: Ellison Sara L. , Patton David R. , Nair Preethi , Simard Luc , Mendel J. Trevor , McConnachie Alan W. , Scudder Jillian M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGalaxy-galaxy interactions and large scale galaxy bars are usually considered as the two main mechanisms for driving gas to the centres of galaxies. By using large samples of galaxy pairs and visually classified bars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we compare the relative efficiency of gas inflows from these two processes. We use two indicators of gas inflow: star formation rate (SFR) and gas phase metallicity, which are both measured relative to control samples. Whereas the metallicity of galaxy pairs is suppressed relative to its control sample of isolated galaxies, galaxies with bars are metal-rich for their stellar mass by 0.06 dex over all stellar masses. The SFRs of both the close galaxy pairs and the barred galaxies are enhanced by ~60%, but in the bars the enhancement is only seen at stellar masses M∗ > 1010 M⊙. Taking into account the relative frequency of bars and pairs, we estimate that at least three times more central star formation is triggered by bars than by interactions.
Building on IYA2009: IAU Strategic Plan “Astronomy for the Developing World”
Authors: Miley George , Carignan Claude , Govender Kevin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDuring the next decade the IAU intends to mobilize talented astronomers, engineers and teachers around the world, in the service of developing countries. I shall review the content of the IAU Strategic Plan 2010 - 2020 “Astronomy for the Developing World” and give you an update on its implementation. Astronomy is a unique tool for stimulating capacity building because it combines cutting-edge technology with fundamental science and has deep cultural roots. The plan envisages a substantial increase in IAU education and development activities during the next decade. These activities will be bottom-up, with a strong regional influence. An integrated approach tailored to the conditions and needs of each country will involve a mix of education at primary, secondary and tertiary levels and public outreach. As a crucial component of the strategy, the IAU together with the South African National Research Foundation will set up a small office to coordinate and plan the various global activities at the SAAO in Cape Town.
The Impact of ISM Turbulence, Clustered Star Formation and Feedback on Galaxy Mass Assembly through Cold Flows and Mergers
Authors: Powell Leila C. , Bournaud Frederic , Chapon Damien , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne , Teyssier Romain 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo of the dominant channels for galaxy mass assembly are cold flows (cold gas supplied via the filaments of the cosmic web) and mergers. How these processes combine in a cosmological setting, at both low and high redshift, to produce the whole zoo of galaxies we observe is largely unknown. Indeed there is still much to understand about the detailed physics of each process in isolation. While these formation channels have been studied using hydrodynamical simulations, here we study their impact on gas properties and star formation (SF) with some of the first from simulations that capture the multiphase, cloudy nature of the interstellar medium (ISM), by virtue of their high spatial resolution (and corresponding low temperature threshold). In this regime, we examine the competition between cold flows and a supernovae(SNe)-driven outflow in a very high-redshift galaxy (z ≈ 9) and study the evolution of equal-mass galaxy mergers at low and high redshift, focusing on the induced SF. We find that SNe-driven outflows cannot reduce the cold accretion at z ≈ 9 and that SF is actually enhanced due to the ensuing metal enrichment. We demonstrate how several recent observational results on galaxy populations (e.g. enhanced HCN/CO ratios in ULIRGs, a separate Kennicutt Schmidt (KS) sequence for starbursts and the population of compact early type galaxies (ETGs) at high redshift) can be explained with mechanisms captured in galaxy merger simulations, provided that the multiphase nature of the ISM is resolved.
Gas Inflows, Star Formation and Metallicity Evolution in Galaxy Pairs
Authors: Di Matteo Paola , Montuori Marco , Lehnert Matthew D. , Combes Françcoise , Semelin Benoit 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIt has been known since many decades that galaxy interactions can induce star formation (hereafter SF) enhancements and that one of the driving mechanisms of this enhancement is related to gas inflows into the central galaxy regions, induced by asymmetries in the stellar component, like bars. In the last years many evidences have been accumulating, showing that interacting pairs have central gas-phase metallicities lower than those of field galaxies, by ~0.2–0.3 dex on average. These diluted ISM metallicities have been explained as the result of inflows of metal-poor gas from the outer disk to the galaxy central regions. A number of questions arises: What's the timing and the duration of this dilution? How and when does the SF induced by the gas inflow enrich the circum-nuclear gas with re-processed material? Is there any correlation between the timing and strength of the dilution and the timing and intensity of the SF? By means of Tree-SPH simulations of galaxy major interactions, we have studied the effect that gas inflows have on the ISM dilution, and the effect that the induced SF has, subsequently, in re-enriching the nuclear gas. In this contribution, we present the main results of this study.
Could M31 Come from a Major Merger and Eject the LMC away?
Authors: Fouquet S. , Hammer F. , Yang Y. B. , Wang J. L. , Puech M. , Flores H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe investigated a scenario in which M31 could be the remnant of a major merger and at the origin of the LMC. Galaxy merger simulations were run in order to reproduce some M31 properties. We succeeded in reproducing some of the most important M31 large-scale features like the thick disk or the polar ring, and gave a possible explanation for the formation of the Giant Stream. We also found that the LMC could be expelled by this high energetic phenomenon.
Three-dimensional Visualization of Cosmological and Galaxy Formation Simulations
Authors: Thooris Bruno , Pomarède Daniel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOur understanding of the structuring of the Universe from large-scale cosmological structures down to the formation of galaxies now largely benefits from numerical simulations. The RAMSES code, relying on the Adaptive Mesh Refinement technique, is used to perform massively parallel simulations at multiple scales. The interactive, immersive, three-dimensional visualization of such complex simulations is a challenge that is addressed using the SDvision software package. Several rendering techniques are available, including ray-casting and isosurface reconstruction, to explore the simulated volumes at various resolution levels and construct temporal sequences. These techniques are illustrated in the context of different classes of simulations. We first report on the visualization of the HORIZON Galaxy Formation Simulation at MareNostrum, a cosmological simulation with detailed physics at work in the galaxy formation process. We then carry on in the context of an intermediate zoom simulation leading to the formation of a Milky-Way like galaxy. Finally, we present a variety of simulations of interacting galaxies, including a case-study of the Antennae Galaxies interaction.
The build-up of mass in UV-selected sub-L* Galaxies at z~2
Authors: Sawicki Marcin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBroadband spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting is used to study a deep sample of UV-selected sub-L* galaxies at z~2. They are found to be less dusty than L* galaxies, and to contribute more mass to the cosmic mass budget at this epoch than is inferred from shallower high-z surveys. Additionally, SFRs are found to be proportional to stellar masses over three orders of magnitude in mass; this phenomenon can be explained by assuming that new stars form out of gas that co-accretes along with dark matter onto the galaxies' dark matter halos, a scenario that naturally leads to SFRs that gradually increase with time.
Abell 1763 and its Cluster Feeding Filament: Constraints on the Intra-filament Medium
Authors: Edwards Louise O. V. , Fadda Dario 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGalaxies are found to inhabit a variety of environments. They are often found in pairs, groups, or clusters. Cosmological simulations predict that these clusters are connected on a larger scale by filaments, but because these large scale structures are so vast, and because they are of intermediate density, observational constraints on their properties are difficult to achieve. We find a large-scale filament in the Abell 1763-Abell 1770 superstructure, determine that the star-formation therein is enhanced, and uncover a bent double lobe radio source midway across the filament. From the bend of this AGN'a jets, we probe the density of the surrounding intra-filament medium (IFM), constrained to be between 1-20x10−29 gm/cm3. This density is consistent with direct probes of the IFM as well as theoretical models.
A Proposal of Genomic Analytical Workflow in a Bacterial Pathogen Outbreak Investigation
Authors: Nong Wenyan , Wong Man Chun , Kwan Hoi Shan , Au Chun Hang , Cheng Chi Keung , Cheung Man Kit , Huang Qianli , Li Lei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe German Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) started in early May 2011. Conventional typing methods including serotyping, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) seemed to yield only limited information about the causative agent. The advantages of the Genome sequencing approach are apparent compared to conventional methods. Genome sequencing and analyses with an appropriate workflow would be the new paradigm in bacterial outbreak investigation.
2-Carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P) phosphatase: evidence for a wider role in plant Rubisco regulation
Authors: Andralojc Paul John , Madgwick Pippa J. , Tao Yong , Keys Alfred , Ward Jane L. , Beale Michael H. , Loveland Jane E. , Jackson Phil J. , Willis Antony C. , Gutteridge Steven , Parry Martin A.J. 
Published: December 2011

The genes for CA1Pase (2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-bisphosphate phosphatase) from French bean, wheat, Arabidopsis and tobacco were identified and cloned. The deduced protein sequence included an N-terminal motif identical with the PGM (phosphoglycerate mutase) active site sequence [LIVM]-x-R-H-G-[EQ]-x-x-[WN]. The corresponding gene from wheat coded for an enzyme with the properties published for CA1Pase. The expressed protein lacked PGM activity but rapidly dephosphorylated 2,3-DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) to 2-phosphoglycerate. DTT (dithiothreitol) activation and GSSG inactivation of this enzyme was pH-sensitive, the greatest difference being apparent at pH 8. The presence of the expressed protein during in vitro measurement of Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) activity prevented a progressive decline in Rubisco turnover. This was due to the removal of an inhibitory bisphosphate that was present in the RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) preparation, and was found to be PDBP (D-glycero-2,3-pentodiulose-1,5-bisphosphate). The substrate specificity of the expressed protein indicates a role for CA1Pase in the removal of ‘misfire’ products of Rubisco.
Borderline nuclear change, high‐grade dyskaryosis not excluded: current concepts and impact on clinical practice
Authors: Soo Hoo S. , Patel A. , Buist H. , Galaal K. , Hemming J. D. , Naik R. 
Published: December 2011

S. S. Hoo, A. Patel, H. Buist, K. Galaal, J. D. Hemming and R. NaikBorderline nuclear change, high‐grade dyskaryosis not excluded: current concepts and impact on clinical practiceObjective:  Borderline nuclear change, high‐grade dyskaryosis not excluded (B/HG) is a subcategory of the borderline category recommended by the British Society for Clinical Cytology as warranting direct referral to colposcopy. This subcategory is equivalent to the Bethesda category of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H). The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and accuracy of using B/HG to identify potential cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or worse (CIN2+).Methods:  Data were collected from the hospital pathology database for borderline, B/HG and high‐grade cytology (moderate dyskaryosis and above), and their respective histological and colposcopic outcomes. SPSS was used for data analysis.Results:  Of the 84 799 total cytology samples screened between July 2006 and December 2009, 5225 (6.1%) were reported as borderline, 309 (0.4%) as B/HG and 1222 (1.4%) as high‐grade cytology. Thus, B/HG comprised 5.9% of the overall borderline category, in keeping with national guidelines (<10%). CIN2+ was confirmed in 86.6% of high‐grade, 40.8% of B/HG and 3.0% of borderline cytology. Of 309 women reported with B/HG cytology, 239 had colposcopy. Colposcopic appearances showed a positive predictive value (PPV) of 71.8% for detecting CIN2+ and a negative predictive value of 60.7%.Conclusions:  The B/HG category was associated with a significantly higher incidence of CIN2+ compared with borderline cytology as a whole. This refining performance justifies its existence. Colposcopic appearances had a high PPV for detecting CIN2+. Therefore, colposcopy is recommended in patients with B/HG cytology and treatment should be offered if high‐grade colposcopic changes are seen.
SWAP70 functions as a Rac/Rop guanine nucleotide‐exchange factor in rice
Authors: Yamaguchi Koji , Imai Keiko , Akamatsu Akira , Mihashi Masanori , Hayashi Nagao , Shimamoto Ko , Kawasaki Tsutomu 
Published: December 2011

SummaryRho family small GTPases are involved in diverse signaling processes including immunity, growth, and development. The activity of Rho GTPases is regulated by cycling between guanosine diphosphate (GDP)‐bound inactive and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)‐bound active forms, in which guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) predominantly function to promote activation of the GTPases. In animals, most Rho GEFs possess a Dbl (diffuse B‐cell lymphoma) homology (DH) domain which functions as a GEF‐catalytic domain. However, no proteins with the DH domain have been identified in plants so far. Instead, plant‐specific Rho GEFs with the PRONE domain responsible for GEF activity have been found to constitute a large family in plants. In this study, we found rice homologs of human SWAP70, Oryza sativa (Os) SWAP70A and SWAP70B, containing the DH domain. OsSWAP70A interacted with rice Rho GTPase OsRac1, an important signaling factor for immune responses. The DH domain of OsSWAP70A exhibited the GEF‐catalytic activity toward OsRac1 as found in animal Rho GEFs, indicating that plants have the functional DH domains. Transient expression of OsSWAP70A enhanced OsRac1‐mediated production of reactive oxygen species in planta. Reduction of OsSWAP70A and OsSWAP70B mRNA levels by RNA interference resulted in the suppression of chitin elicitor‐induced defense gene expression and ROS production. Thus, it is likely that OsSWAP70 regulates immune responses through activation of OsRac1.
Multiple eccrine poromas in the paw of a dog
Authors: Whitley Derick B. , Mansell Joanne E. K. L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA 5‐year‐old, spayed female boxer dog presented to the referring veterinarian with a year‐long history of swelling, ulceration and pain in the pawpad of the fourth digit of the right forelimb. Histologically, the pawpad was expanded by a mass composed of small polygonal cells forming broad bands and trabeculae within the lower epidermis that often infiltrated and replaced the overlying keratinocytes and that extended into the dermis. Lobules of eccrine glands within the deep dermis occasionally had one or more eccrine ducts that were lined by neoplastic ductal epithelial cells that formed papillary projections lined by one to two layers of neoplastic cells. Approximately 1 month after amputation of the fourth digit pad, several smaller nodular masses developed in multiple digital pads and the metacarpal pad of the same paw. All of the neoplasms were histologically identical to eccrine poroma (juxtaepidermal acrospiroma), a common benign neoplasm in humans that originates from the acrosyringium and upper dermal duct of eccrine glands. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report documenting an eccrine poroma in a dog.
TRANSBORDER OPENNESS OF COMPANIES IN A DIVIDED CITY: ZGORZELEC/GÖRLITZ CASE STUDY
Authors: DOŁZBŁASZ SYLWIA , RACZYK ANDRZEJ 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to research transborder openness of companies in the divided city Zgorzelec/Görlitz on the Polish‐German border in the context of the advancement of integration processes on a local scale. The analysis has been done from the point of view of the everyday life of its inhabitants. Polish and German economic entities providing chosen services were researched. The study aimed to show the level of openness of these institutions to clients from the other side of the border. The integration of business landscapes may lead to the formation of a common public space and strong functional connections between two parts of the divided city. Analysis has shown a significantly varying level of openness of companies depending on the type of activity. Moreover, an asymmetry was observed in the scope of the influence of Polish and German business landscape.
A European multicentre reappraisal of distal compound muscle action potential duration in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Rajabally Y. A. , Lagarde J. , Cassereau J. , Viala K. , Fournier E. , Nicolas G. 
Published: December 2011

Background:  The electrodiagnostic value of distal compound muscle action potential duration (DCMAPD) has been studied rarely in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Cut‐offs proposed have not been widely evaluated. The influence of low‐cut EMG filter settings ≤ 10 Hz as used in Europe is uncertain.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed records of 110 patients with typical, treatment‐responsive CIDP, from Leicester, U.K., Paris and Angers, France. All fulfilled revised European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) clinical and electrodiagnostic criteria for typical CIDP (2010), before consideration of DCMAPD prolongation. Results were compared with those of 110 controls with chronic sensory/sensory‐motor axonal neuropathy. We constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each nerve and derived cut‐offs for DCMAPD prolongation, offering specificity of ≥ 98% vs. controls.Results:  DCMAPD was significantly greater in all nerves for CIDP patients, compared with controls (P < 0.001). ROC curves allowed derivation of cut‐offs of sensitivities ranging from 27.1% (ulnar nerve) to 60% (tibial nerve). Using these cut‐offs to define DCMAPD prolongation in any studied motor nerve offered a sensitivity of 69.1% for CIDP and specificity of 97.3% vs. controls.Conclusion:  Cut‐offs for DCMAPD are dependent on EMG filter settings. DCMAPD prolongation in any motor nerve, using our derived cut‐offs, represents a sensitive and specific marker of CIDP in patients studied with EMG equipment with low‐cut filter settings ≤ 10 Hz. Appropriate use of this parameter appears an essential criterion to consider in assessing suspected CIDP, which may be helpful in limiting extensiveness and duration of electrophysiological testing, thereby reducing patient discomfort.
Sinophysis and Pseudophalacroma are Distantly Related to Typical Dinophysoid Dinoflagellates (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae)
Authors: Gómez Fernando , Moreira David , López‐García Purificación 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTDinophysoid dinoflagellates are usually considered a large monophyletic group. Large subunit and small subunit (SSU) rDNA phylogenies suggest a basal position for Amphisoleniaceae (Amphisolenia,Triposolenia) with respect to two sister groups, one containing most Phalacroma species plus Oxyphysis and the other Dinophysis,Ornithocercus, Dinophysoid dinoflagellates are usually considered a large monophyletic group. Large subunit and small subunit (SSU) rDNA phylogenies suggest a basal position for Amphisoleniaceae (Amphisolenia,Triposolenia) with respect to two sister groups, one containing most Phalacroma species plus Oxyphysis and the other Dinophysis,Ornithocercus, Histioneis,Citharistes and some Phalacroma species. We provide here new SSU rDNA sequences of Pseudophalacroma (pelagic) and Sinophysis (the only benthic dinophysoid genus). Molecular phylogenies support that they are very divergent with respect to the main clade of Dinophysales. Additional molecular markers of these two key genera are needed to elucidate the evolutionary relations among the dinophysoid dinoflagellates.Histioneis,Citharistes and some Phalacroma species. We provide here new SSU rDNA sequences of Pseudophalacroma (pelagic) and Sinophysis (the only benthic dinophysoid genus). Molecular phylogenies support that they are very divergent with respect to the main clade of Dinophysales. Additional molecular markers of these two key genera are needed to elucidate the evolutionary relations among the dinophysoid dinoflagellates.
Sexual dimorphism documented in Reptalus iguchii (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) with a description of males
Authors: RAHMAN Mohammad Atikur , KWON Yong Jung , SUH Sang Jae 
Published: December 2011

AbstractReptalus iguchii (Matsumura 1914) comb. nov., previously known from female specimens, is recognized for the first time in the Republic of Korea. This species is sexually dimorphic, based on observations of a pair in copula. Detailed morphological characters of both male and female were studied and are illustrated. Also, sequence data from ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes were used to distinguish males and females of the only other congener known from Korea, R. quadricinctus (Matsumura 1914). Artemisia and Prunus are recorded as potential hosts in the Republic of Korea for the first time.
Novel Effects of Macrolide Antibiotics on Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Suzuki Jun‐ichi , Ogawa Masahito , Hishikari Keiichi , Watanabe Ryo , Takayama Kiyoshi , Hirata Yasunobu , Nagai Ryozo , Isobe Mitsuaki 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYMacrolide antibiotics are broadly used for the treatment of various microbial infections. However, they are also known to have multiple biologic effects, such as alteration of inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because of controversial results in clinical trials, the effects of macrolides on cardiovascular diseases are still to be elucidated. It has been reported that MMP activity is upregulated in various cardiovascular diseases, such as myocarditis, cardiac transplant rejection and myocardial infarction. However, little is known about the effects of macrolides on cardiovascular diseases. We have reported that clarithromycin suppressed the development of myocarditis, cardiac rejection and myocardial ischemia using animal models. In this article, we reviewed the roles of MMPs in cardiovascular diseases and the effects of macrolides on the prevention of adverse tissue remodeling.