bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decolonizing Global Health: Africa’s Pursuit of Pharmaceutical Sovereignty
Authors: Mulumba Moses , OGA JESSICA OREOLUWA , Koomson Nana , Kara Tasha-Aliya , Forman Lisa , Cynthia Adanze Nge 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The quest for pharmaceutical sovereignty in Africa is critical to decolonizing global health and addressing disparities and systemic inequities rooted in colonial legacies. This movement highlights the continent's reliance on the Global North for essential medicines, vaccines, and diagnostics, perpetuating health inequities and undermining self-sufficient health systems. Decolonizing global health entails addressing these disparities, advocating for equitable resource allocation, and promoting pharmaceutical sovereignty defined as the capability to research, develop, and manufacture essential medicines locally.
Methodology
This paper utilized a qualitative document analysis approach to analyze the pursuit of pharmaceutical sovereignty in Africa within the decolonizing global health framework. The review focused on literature, policy papers, and reports from 2019 onwards- a period marked by the establishment of the African Medicines Agency- the review prioritized contributions relevant to Africa’s pharmaceutical sovereignty and global health decolonization efforts. Utilizing databases such as Google Scholar and ProQuest, and guided by keywords such as “Africa”, “Decoloniz*”, “Global Health”, “Manufactur*”, and “Pharmaceutical”, the analysis employed a thematic technique to systematically examine data on the challenges and strategies for achieving pharmaceutical sovereignty. The review period spanned from January to March 2024, deliberately excluding documents outside the African context or predating 2019 that had no foundational importance to the topic.
Results
The findings highlight pharmaceutical sovereignty as critical for decolonizing global health, with African countries striving toward self-sufficient healthcare economies. However, challenges such as intellectual property rights, regulatory hurdles, historical dependencies, and limited funding persist. Strategic initiatives and partnerships emerged as crucial in overcoming these challenges, with civil society organizations playing a pivotal role in advocating for sovereignty and challenging colonial narratives.
Conclusion
Pharmaceutical sovereignty in Africa is a pivotal step towards decolonizing global health, challenging the continent’s historical dependency on the Global North. Despite significant challenges, the progress through initiatives like the African Medicines Agency, Partnerships for African Vaccine Manufacturing, and Afya na Haki’s advancing Regional Vaccine Manufacturing and Access in Africa Programme emphasizes the need for continued support and partnerships to enhance the health and well-being of African populations.
Pediatric-specific drug loss issue in Japan: Comparison of pediatric development status between Japan and the United States
Authors: Osako Ryohei , Matsumaru Naoki , Tsukamoto Katsura 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background The lack of label information for the pediatric population has been a global issue, leading to the introduction of several countermeasures by major health authorities. Despite various efforts by Japanese health authorities, some drugs are approved only for adults in Japan, while the US label includes information on pediatric usage for the same drugs. This suggests a potential for pediatric-specific drug loss in Japan, where overall drug loss has recently become a major concern.
Methods In this study, we compared the pediatric usage status between Japan and the US, focusing on the indications approved in both countries.
Results We found that the proportion of indications, including pediatric usage, was significantly higher in the US than in Japan. Multivariate analysis of indications for pediatric usage in the US demonstrated that US-first development and non-simultaneous development with adults had a negative impact on the inclusion of pediatric usage in Japan; however, the pediatric assessment request on the grounds of US legislation was not a significant factor. For pediatric indications approved solely in the US, most relied on multi-regional clinical trial data that included the US but excluded Japan.
Conclusions Our results suggest that there was pediatric-specific drug loss in Japan compared to that in the US. Further frameworks to promote pediatric drug development should be introduced in Japan to address pediatric-specific drug loss issues.
Channel-Independent Fingerprints for Open-Set Wi-Fi Device Identification Using Wigner-Ville Distribution
Authors: Abayneh Rahel , Muhammed Mutala , Huang Renhui , Chai Zhi , Qiu Yilin , Ren Jiawei , Yang Xuelin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) is applied for physical-layer authentication and transmitter identification in wireless communications. However, the characteristics of the wireless channel dramatically distorts RFF, and affects the identification accuracy. In this paper, we propose the channel-independent extraction of RFFs. Initially, the signal is represented using the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD). Subsequently, to mitigate channel distortions and isolate device-specific features, we perform division across adjacent columnar values. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is then applied to condense the RFF features, creating distinct device representations. Finally, the device identification is conducted using K-nearest neighbours (KNN). The proposed scheme is experimentally demonstrated using 10 wireless network interface controllers (WNICs), where an excellent unauthorized device recognition accuracy of 98.59% is achieved, with a false alarm rate of 1.23% and a miss alarm rate of 0.24%. Notably, the high recognition accuracy can be mainly attributed to the channel-independent RFF extraction using WVD, which provides an effective solution to enhance physical-layer security in wireless communications, even for dynamic channel environments.
Dual-Branch Underwater Image Enhancement Utilizing Bidirectional Supervision Loss, Contrast Loss, and Style Transfer Loss
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Fan Xinnan , Li Xinyu , Xin Yuanxue , Shi Pengfei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Due to the complexity of underwater environments, underwater images often exhibit multiple forms of degradation. Despite recent notable advancements in underwater image restoration, the scarcity of paired datasets poses significant challenges for future progress in this field. This paper introduces a dual-branch underwater image enhancement network that includes an image restoration branch and an illumination estimation branch, trained using both paired and unpaired datasets to mitigate the scarcity of paired data. The network is jointly trained through supervised and unsupervised methods: in the supervised phase, it uses paired datasets guided by contrast loss, perceptual loss, and bidirectional supervision loss to learn the mapping from underwater to clear images, in the unsupervised phase, it employs unpaired datasets with bidirectional supervision loss and style transfer loss to learn the style of natural images and enhance network generalizability. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method performs comparably or better than other methods across multiple datasets, providing valuable insights and techniques for underwater image restoration.
Effects of Tegoprazan, Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker, on the Gastric Emptying and Postprandial Symptoms in Healthy Humans
Authors: Lim Hyung Seok , Yoon Hai-jeon , Jung Hye-Kyung , Hong Ji Taek , Yoo Min Young , Jeong Eui-Sun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background & Aims: Proton pump inhibitors are potent gastric acid inhibitors. However, they may worsen symptoms such as postprandial fullness and early satiation by reducing gastric emptying (GE). This study aims to evaluate the effects of tegoprazan, a new potassium-competitive acid blocker, on GE and dyspeptic symptoms.
Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was adopted for this study. Participants underwent GE tests and responded to a questionnaire regarding gastrointestinal symptoms before and after administration of tegoprazan 50 mg. GE was assessed using scintigraphy over 4 hours with a standardized solid meal.
Results: Thirty participants were recruited (19 men, mean age 28.2 ± 7.3 years). After medication, no significant differences were observed in gastric half emptying time (T1/2) and gastric retention at 4 hours (GE 4h) between the tegoprazan and the control group (114.2 ± 48.9 min vs. 93.7 ± 34.7 min, P = 0.20; 10.1 ± 12.0% vs. 4.3 ± 5.4%, P = 0.11, respectively). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences detected in the changes within each group between two groups (T1/2, 9.9 ± 52.7 min vs.-4.7 ± 30.5 min, P = 0.36; GE 4h, 5.2 ± 13.9% vs.-1.3 ± 6.5%, P = 0.12). The changes in dyspeptic symptom scores after tegoprazan administration did not significantly differ from those in the control group with no correlation between symptoms and GE parameters.
Conclusions: In healthy adults, the administration of tegoprazan did not show a significant impact on GE and dyspeptic symptoms, especially postprandial fullness or early satiation.
Study on Thermo-oxidative Resistance of Reactive Halloysite Nanotube Modified HNBR/FKM Composites
Authors: Li Shikun , Du Zhengpeng , Wang Fengling , Cai Rongqiang , Li Daozhuang , Wang Hongzhen , Li Zaifeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Rubber composites are vulnerable to thermo-oxidative aging, which leads to early failure of rubber products. Therefore, the addition of antioxidants is essential to extend their service life. Herein, designed reactive halloysite nanotubes (RHNTs) by loading C3H5COO− and Zn2+ into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), where the in-situ reaction of zinc methacrylate (ZDMA) in the lumen of HNTs occurred. The novel aging-resistant HNBR/FKM composites were prepared by modification via RHNTs as an antioxidant filler in hydrogenated nitrile rubber/fluoroelastomer (HNBR/FKM) blended rubber, which study provides an insight into the effects of RHNTs on the mechanical properties and aging resistance of HNBR/FKM composites. The experimental results show that the characteristic absorption peaks of ZDMA appeared in the infrared spectrum of RHNTs compared to the blank HNTs. The mechanical properties data showed that the tensile strength of all HNBR/FKM composites was improved to some extent. However, in thermo-oxidative medium at 150℃, an interesting aging phenomenon occurred, the blank composite, HNTs composite and HNTs-1 composite all exhibited extreme values of tensile strength from aging reinforcement within the first 72h period, and the possible anti-thermal oxygen aging mechanism was put forward. A new solution was provided for the design and preparation of anti-aging composites.
Current prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus in Ningxia
Authors: Lv Bo-Hui , Yuan Chang-Da , Gou Yi , Yang Wan-Peng , Du Wu-jun , Zhang Jun-Fei , Feng Ke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective: By studying the understanding of tetanus among trauma related medical personnel in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, summarizing the prevention and treatment of tetanus in trauma patients, and analyzing the status quo of posttraumatic tetanus prevention and treatment in Ningxia, it provided ideas for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus in Ningxia.
Methods: Through a questionnaire design and distribution survey, it explored the knowledge of the medical staff in the Ningxia region on the prevention and treatment of tetanus after external injury. Through the medical records of trauma patients treated at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, analyed the standard of post-trauma prevention and treatment in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University.
Results：A total of 381 valid questionnaires were collected. There were significant differences in the level of awareness of tetanus prevention among different professions (c2 =15.37, P> 0.01) and different working departments (F=12.787, P>0.05) and difference between those who participated in tetanus-related training and those who did not (c2 =5.162, P> 0.05); occupation (OR=0.189,CI 0.070~514) was an independent factor for questionnaire eligibility. A total of 2307 patients were included in the medical records. Comparison between the standard group and the non-standard group for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus, there were statistically significant differences in sex, age, injury mechanism, wound nature and injury site (P>0.05). Comparison between the animal injury group and non-animal injury group, there were statistical differences in gender, age, wound nature, injury site, and whether standard tetanus preventive treatment was given (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The outlook for the prevention and treatment of tetanus in Ningxia is still not optimistic, and the low rate of prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus, the low awareness of medical personnel and the insufficient attention of the public to tetanus are all problems that urgently need to be solved. The medical industry and health authorities should further establish and improve relevant systems, train medical personnel, and provide popular science to the public, so as to promote the standardized prevention and treatment of posttraumatic tetanus.
Combination of multidisciplinary approaches reveals potential causal associations between influenza and immune cells: Single-cell RNA sequencing and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Guo Ziwei , Wu Dongjie , Chen Xiaohan , Wang Jiuchong , Lv Wenliang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background The relationship between immune cells and influenza is a battle between the host immune system and viral invaders, however, the causality and underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.
Methods This study first analysed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality of influenza using descriptive epidemiology based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 1990 to 2019. Potential causal associations between 731 immune cells and influenza were then explored using univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR), followed by validation of the cellular subpopulations to which the immune cells identified by UVMR belonged at the single-cell level, and then enrichment analysis has been performed. Finally, we also performed MR of key genes in cellular subpopulations, reverse MR analysis, colocalization analysis, potential drug prediction and molecular docking for genes satisfying causal associations.
Results Joinpoint regression trend analysis showed a general downward trend in the change of influenza DALYs rate and mortality rate, and then UVMR results showed a strong association between the immune cell HLA-DR on CD14+ CD16- monocyte and influenza (PIVW = 5.47E-05, PFDR = 0.03). The single-cell sequencing (scRNA-Seq) results verified that the immune cell HLA-DR on CD14+ CD16- monocyte identified by UVMR belonged to the Classical monocytes (CMs) subpopulation. MR analysis of key genes in the cellular subpopulation identified a total of 7 genes as causally associated with influenza, and no reverse causal association was found. The 3 genes were identified as druggable by drug prediction, namely VIM, CTSA and CSF3R. Finally, molecular docking results demonstrated the strong potential of the CSF3R gene as a drug target.
Conclusions Our study provides new insights into future prevention and treatment strategies for influenza from epidemiology to genetics to bioinformatic analyses and genomic.
Influence of time lag effect between winter wheat canopy temperature and atmospheric temperature on the accuracy of CWSI inversion of photosynthetic parameters
Authors: Wang Yujin , Lu Yule , Yang Ning , Wang Jiankun , Huang Zugui , Xiang Youzhen , Chen Junying , Zhang Zhitao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Considering time lag effects between atmospheric temperature (Ta) and canopy temperature (Tc) may improve the accuracy of Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) inversions of photosynthetic parameters, which is crucial for enhancing the precision in monitoring crop water stress conditions.
Methods
In this study, four moisture treatments were set up, T1 (95% of field water holding capacity), T2 (80% of field water holding capacity), T3 (65% of field water holding capacity), and T4 (50% of field water holding capacity). We quantified the time-lag parameter in winter wheat using time-lag peak-seeking, time-lag cross-correlation, time-lag mutual information, and grey time-lag correlation analysis; Based on the time lag parameter, we modified CWSI theoretical and empirical model, and assessed the impact of time lag effects on the accuracy of CWSI inversion of photosynthesis parameters. Finally, we applied several machine learning algorithms to predict the daily variation of CWSI after time-lag correction.
Results
The results showed that: (1) The time lag parameter calculated using the time-lag peak-seeking, time-lag cross-correlation, time-lag mutual information, and grey time-lag correlation an-alysis were 44–70, 32–44, 42–58, and 76–97 min. (2) CWSI empirical model corrected by the time-lag mutual information method had the highest correlation with photosynthetic parameters. (3) GA-SVM had the highest prediction accuracy for CWSI empirical model corrected by the time-lag mutual information method.
Conclusions
Considering time lag effects between Ta and Tc effectively enhanced the correlation between CWSI and photosynthetic parameters,which can provide theoretical support for thermal infrared remote sensing to diagnose crop water stress conditions.
Simultaneous Dengue and Chikungunya Coinfection in Endemic Area in Brazil: Clinical Presentation and Implications for Public Health
Authors: Torres Paula Marilia Afonso , Roque Debora Glenda Lima de La , Policastro Lucca Rocha , Chagas Lilian Beatriz Moreira Oliveira , Giomo Denise Bergamaschi , Gentil Danielle Cristina Dacanal , Fonseca Vagner , Elias Maria Carolina , Sampaio Sandra Coccuzzo , Giovanetti Marta , Fonseca Benedito Antônio Lopes , Calado Rodrigo Tocantins , Alcantara Luiz Carlos , Covas Dimas Tadeu , Santos Flávia Leite Souza , Kashima Simone , Passos Luzia Márcia Romanholi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) pose significant public health threats in Brazil, where favorable conditions facilitated the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes. Since the mid-1980s, Brazil has experienced annual outbreaks of DENV, with recent increases in confirmed cases. In addition, CHIKV, which was first reported in 2014, has spread across the country. The concurrent presence of these viruses has triggered public health alerts in endemic regions, underscoring the complexity of managing vector-borne diseases.
Case Presentation:
This report details a case of simultaneous DENV and CHIKV infections. A 77-year-old female patient who has diabetes and arrhythmia exhibited symptoms including fever, myalgia, and severe arthralgia. Laboratory tests confirmed the coinfection through RNA detection. The patient received supportive care, showed gradual improvement, and was eventually discharged.
Conclusions
Coinfection with DENV and CHIKV cases reported here developed with mild outcomes. However, one of the patients did not recover from the arthralgia after presenting diagnostic challenges, which underscores the need for accurate differentiation to manage symptoms effectively. The reported cases, amidst increasing DENV outbreaks, highlight the urgency for preparedness in the healthcare system. The Ribeirão Preto region's endemicity for DENV, coupled with the rising incidence of CHIKV, emphasizes the evolving landscape of arbovirus transmission. Studies on Aedes mosquitoes suggest potential implications for human infection dynamics, warranting further investigation into arbovirus transmission efficacy and coinfection dynamics.
Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation in the Abrolhos Region and Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, Brazil
Authors: Dutra Guilherme Fraga , Santos Lucas Pereira , Coutinho Bruno Henriques , Saliba Akel , Garcia Maria Isabel Martinez , Mies Miguel , Camargo Eduardo , Teixeira João Batista , Bianchini Adalto , Guebert Flávia , Lacerda Carlos , Negrão Fábio , Francini-Filho Ronaldo Bastos 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Tropical marine habitats are among the most biodiverse on Earth but are facing accelerated local and global threats. Well-planned marine protected areas (MPAs) are a countermeasure for biodiversity loss and an alternative to maintain ecosystem services and their sustainable uses. In Brazil, there is a need to improve the ecological representativeness of the national system of MPAs by incorporating poorly protected ecosystems. The Abrolhos Region and Vitoria-Trindade Seamount chain (Abrolhos Seascape) are among the biologically richest marine areas in the Southern Atlantic, and expanding the protection of key habitats in this region can help Brazil to achieve its national and international conservation goals. This study updated the habitat map and the potential distribution of 632 species of fishes, invertebrates, cetaceans, seabirds, and sea turtles, and identified priority areas for biodiversity conservation in the Abrolhos Seascape. Habitat classes were defined based on the probability of occurrence and a comprehensive updated database. Models for species distribution and the weighted endemism method, with additional weight to the threatened species, were combined to identify priority areas for biodiversity conservation. Our results indicate that although some habitats (e.g. shallow reefs, mangroves, estuaries, and deep ocean), are relatively well represented, a large portion of habitats identified as priority areas for biodiversity conservation (e.g. rhodolith beds, mesophotic reefs, shelf slopes and sinkholes), have very low or no representativeness in the current MPAs. Urgent action is needed to effectively protect these habitats, not only to conserve biodiversity, but also to maintain key ecosystem services in the region.
An evaluation of programmatic assessment across health professions education using contribution analysis
Authors: Jamieson Janica , Palermo Claire , Hay Margaret , Bacon Rachel , Lutze Janna , Gibson Simone 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Programmatic assessment is gaining traction in health professions education. Despite this popularity, educators continue to grapple with complex contextual factors that impact implementation and outcome attainment. We used contribution analysis, a theory-informed evaluation method, to understand mechanism underpinning successful implementation.
Method: Applying the six steps of contribution analysis, we developed a postulated theory of change (ToC) and then conducted a qualitative study with programmatic assessment stakeholders (graduates n = 15, supervisors n = 32, faculty n = 19) from four Australian dietetic programs. These data were analysed using the Framework Analysis method and integrated with data derived from a literature review across health disciplines, to assemble contribution claims and story, and verify the ToC.
Results: Impact pathways for programmatic assessment from inception to implementation, and contribution to outcomes were articulated in the ToC. Leaders drove implementation using compromise and worked with a design team to apply the versatile principles. All people required training and purposefully designed tools were implemented within an ideological aligned system. Re-orientation of responsibilities situated learners as leaders, contributing to a psychologically safe environment which promoted a growth mindset. Credible high-stakes progression decisions were enabled, people experienced less stress, and derived gratification from assessment. External factors (institutional and accreditation requirements) and threats (resource mismatch, ideological misalignment, and capabilities of the people) were identified.
Discussion: Contribution analysis revealed mechanism that educators can apply to implement a contextually responsive programmatic assessment across diverse settings.