bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Options Trading and the Cost of Equity Capital
Authors: Naiker Vic , Navissi Farshid , Truong Cameron 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT:
This study examines how options trading affects the rate of return expected by investors, i.e., the implied cost of equity capital. Our cross-sectional analysis suggests that firms with listed options have lower implied cost of equity capital than firms without listed options, while the results from our temporal difference-in-differences analysis suggest that firms with listed options experience a significant decrease in their implied cost of equity capital relative to a matched sample of firms without listed options following an options listing. Moreover, we find that within firms that have listed options, firms with higher options trading volume are associated with lower implied cost of equity capital. These findings, which are robust to a wide range of additional tests, are consistent with the view that options trading improves the precision of information and reduces information asymmetry problems, resulting in lower expected return on equity.
Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.
Evaluation of splenectomy as a risk factor for gastric dilatation-volvulus
Authors: Grange Andrew M. , Clough William , Casale Sue A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate whether dogs undergoing splenectomy had an increased risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), compared with a control group of dogs undergoing enterotomy.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—219 dogs that underwent splenectomy for reasons other than splenic torsion (splenectomy group; n = 172) or enterotomy (control group; 47) without concurrent gastropexy.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, date of surgery, durations of surgery and anesthesia, reason for splenectomy, histopathologic findings (if applicable), whether gastropexy was performed, duration of follow-up, and date of death (if applicable). Follow-up information, including occurrence of GDV, was obtained via medical records review and a written client questionnaire.
Results—Reasons for splenectomy included splenic neoplasia, nonneoplastic masses, infarction, traumatic injury, and adhesions to a gossypiboma. Incidence of GDV following surgery was not significantly different between dogs of the splenectomy (14/172 [8.1 %]) and control (3/47 [6.4%]) groups. Median time to GDV for the 17 affected dogs was 352 days (range, 12 to 2,368 days) after surgery. Among dogs that underwent splenectomy, sexually intact males had a significantly higher incidence of GDV (4/16) than did castrated males and sexually intact or spayed females (10/156). Incidence of GDV among sexually intact male dogs did not differ between groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results did not support a recommendation for routine use of prophylactic gastropexy in dogs at the time of splenectomy. Other patient-specific risk factors should be assessed prior to recommending this procedure.
Use of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for treatment of a heart base chemodectoma in a dog
Authors: Rancilio Nicholas J. , Higuchi Takashi , Gagnon Jerome , McNiel Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Case Description—A 9-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of a progressively worsening, nonproductive cough and gagging of 1 year's duration.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination results were unremarkable. A cranial mediastinal mass was identified at the heart base with 3-view thoracic radiography. A CT scan of the thorax revealed an invasive mass surrounding major vessels at the heart base that was not considered surgically resectable. Thoracoscopic biopsy specimens of the cranial mediastinal mass were obtained, and histologic evaluation revealed that the tumor was a chemodectoma.
Treatment and Outcome—On the basis of results of the CT scan, a 3-D conformal radiation therapy plan was generated with computer treatment-planning software. The patient was treated with external beam radiation therapy; a 6-MV linear accelerator was used to deliver a prescribed dose of 57.5 Gy in twenty-three 2.5-Gy fractions. The cough improved following radiation therapy. Prior to treatment, the tumor volume was calculated to be 126.69 cm3. Twenty-five months following radiation therapy, a follow-up CT scan was performed and there was a >50% reduction in tumor volume at that time. Disease progression causing pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal effusion and syncopal episodes occurred 32 months following radiation therapy, which were treated with pericardectomy and additional radiation therapy. The dog was still alive and doing well 42 months following initial radiation treatment.
Clinical Relevance—Conformal radiation therapy provided an additional treatment option for a nonresectable heart base chemodectoma in the dog of this report; conformal radiation therapy was reasonably tolerable and safe.
Seizures and severe nutrient deficiencies in a puppy fed a homemade diet
Authors: Hutchinson Dana , Freeman Lisa M. , McCarthy Robert , Anastasio John , Shaw Scott P. , Sutherland-Smith James 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Case Description—An 8-month-old male Saint Bernard developed tetanic seizures and hyperthermia during evaluation of bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the shoulder joints. Further investigation revealed that the dog was receiving an unbalanced homemade diet.
Clinical Findings—Preliminary evaluation of the dog revealed bilateral signs of pain and mild muscle wasting in the shoulder joint areas. Serum biochemical analysis revealed severe hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperphosphatemia, vitamin D deficiency, and taurine deficiency. Diffuse osteopenia was identified on radiographs of the mandible and long bones, confirming bone demineralization. Analysis of the homemade diet revealed that the dog's diet was severely deficient in a variety of nutrients.
Treatment and Outcome—The dog responded positively to treatment for hypocalcemia, hyperthermia, and seizures. The dog's diet was changed to a complete and balanced canine diet formulated for growth. Body weight and body condition were monitored, and dietary intake was adjusted to achieve optimal body condition during growth. After initial evaluation, serial monitoring of serum calcium and taurine concentrations revealed that values were within reference limits and the dog had no further clinical signs associated with dietary deficiency.
Clinical Relevance—Findings in this puppy highlight the risks associated with feeding an unbalanced homemade diet during growth and the importance of obtaining a thorough dietary history from all patients. For owners who elect to feed a homemade diet, it is critical to have the homemade diet carefully formulated by a veterinary nutritionist to avoid severe nutrient imbalances, especially in young, growing dogs.
Stratégies et styles rédactionnels de l’article de recherche : les ressources de l’utilisateur non-natif devant publier en anglais
Authors: Sionis Claude 
Published: August 2012

L’article rend compte d’une analyse de corpus limité mais représentatif de stratégies et de styles mis en œuvre par deux générations de scientifiques français (pré et post enseignement communicationnel d’une langue) lors de la rédaction d’articles de recherche devant être publiés par des journaux spécialisés anglophones. L’accent est mis sur les stratégies de communication relevant plus particulièrement de deux attitudes différentes en apprentissage des langues étrangères : utiliser la langue en tant qu’outil servant à satisfaire précisément les exigences d’une seule tâche spécifique (une sorte d’attitude « d’utilisation puis d’oubli »), et tirer un profit maximum de toutes les situations langagières rencontrées pour développer ses ressources et améliorer sa capacité globale à utiliser la langue. L’article étudie aussi certains aspects du traitement des relations qui existent entre la langue générale de l’argumentation et le « noyau dur » du langage mathématique représenté par les équations et les formules.
Major Incident Experience and Preparedness in a Developing Country
Authors: Seyedin Hesam , Zaboli Rouhollah , Ravaghi Hamid 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundResearch shows that having previous experience of major incidents has a positive impact on awareness and preparedness of organizations. We investigated the effects of major incident experience on preparedness of health organizations on future disasters in Iran.MethodsA qualitative study using a semistructured interview technique was conducted with 65 public health and therapeutic affairs managers. Analysis of the data was performed used the framework analysis technique, which was supported by qualitative research software.ResultsThe study found that prior experience of major incidents results in better performance, coordination, and cooperation in response to future events. There was a positive effect on policy making and resource distribution and an increase in (1) preparedness activities, (2) raising population awareness, and (3) improving knowledge. However, the preparedness actions were predominantly individual-dependent.ConclusionsOur findings showed that to increase system efficiency and effectiveness within health organizations, an appropriate major incident management system is needed. The new system can use lessons learned from previous major incidents to better equip health organizations to cope with similar events in the future. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:313-318)
Enrichment and Detection of Tyrosine‐Nitrated Proteins
Authors: Dekker Frank , Abello Nicolas , Wisastra Rosalina , Bischoff Rainer 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNitrotyrosine is a post‐translationally modified amino acid with distinctly different properties than tyrosine or any other of the genetically encoded amino acids. Detecting proteins containing nitrotyrosine is the first step towards a better understanding of the role of nitrotyrosine in health and disease. Moreover, quantifying the extent of nitrotyrosine and determining its location in a protein forms the basis for a better understanding of the effect of tyrosine nitration on biological function. Described in this unit is a method to detect tyrosine‐nitrated proteins in tissue sections and on western blots after creating a fluorescent complex between aminotyrosine, salicylaldehyde, and Al3+. In addition, an approach is detailed for labeling aminotyrosine with biotin to enrich peptides from complex samples. Both methods require reduction of nitrotyrosine to aminotyrosine, which can be achieved with sodium dithionite or hemin plus dithiothreitol. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 69:14.13.1‐14.13.19. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation and Characterization of Mouse Basophils from Bone Marrow and Purification of Basophils from Spleen
Authors: Yoshimoto Tomohiro , Nakanishi Kenji 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBasophils are rare circulating granulocytes that originate from progenitor cells in the bone marrow and have been considered important effector cells in IgE‐mediated allergic inflammation. Basophils constitute <1% of blood leukocytes and are usually absent or present only in small numbers in tissues. They may, however, be recruited to inflammatory sites when an antigen is present and contribute immediately to hypersensitivity reactions. Basophils can therefore serve as primary effector cells in allergic disorders. Despite a large pool of experimental evidence that has led to the discovery of these functional attributes of basophils, many questions regarding their contribution to these immune responses remain unanswered. This is due, in part, to the lack of methods for generation and purification of basophils and the lack of animal models appropriate for their functional analysis. Recent studies, however, have revealed a role for basophils as antigen‐presenting cells that preferentially induce Th2 cells in response to complexes of antigen plus antigen‐specific IgE, to protease allergens, or to helminth parasites in vitro and in vivo through the production of “early IL‐4” and the presentation to CD4+ T cells of complexes of peptide plus MHC class II molecules. These findings have uncovered previously unknown functional characteristics of basophils. Knowledge of these and other functional properties of basophils may translate into the design of novel therapeutic strategies for Th2‐IgE‐mediated diseases, such as bronchial asthma. In this unit, protocols that will enable the study of mouse basophils are described. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 98:3.24.1‐3.24.16. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Human Eosinophils
Authors: Akuthota Praveen , Shamri Revital , Weller Peter F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHighly purified eosinophils can be isolated from peripheral blood by negative selection using an antibody‐based magnetic negative selection protocol. The basic protocol describes a sequential fractionation of peripheral blood in which CD16+ granulocytes are enriched first from whole blood, followed by isolation of eosinophils. This technique is easy to use, fast, and highly reproducible. Support protocols describe a staining methods that can be used to evaluate the purity of eosinophils and differentiation from other leukocyte populations. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 98:7.31.1‐7.31.8. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Metal‐Free Sulfenylation and Bromosulfenylation of Indoles: Controllable Synthesis of 3‐Arylthioindoles and 2‐Bromo‐3‐arylthioindoles
Authors: Huang Dayun , Chen Jiuxi , Dan Weixing , Ding Jinchang , Liu Miaochang , Wu Huayue 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn efficient metal‐free sulfenylation of indoles with disulfides has been developed, leading to 3‐arylthioindoles in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, bromosulfenylation of indoles with disulfides has been realized for the first time providing a new family of 2‐bromo‐3‐arylthioindole derivatives in good yield by the one‐pot construction of CS and CBr bonds. It is noteworthy that the system enables the use of both the RS moieties in RSSR and shows a broad functional group tolerance.
Photochemical Methods for the Conversion of Light into Chemical Energy
Authors: Grätzel Michael 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper is concerned with reaction systems in which fuel production is achieved by illumination of aqueous solutions. Research interest in this field focusses on photoredox reactions magnified image in which R and S are solutes of which one is excited by light. Major problems to overcome for practical use of these systems are the retardation of the back reaction and the back conversion of R− and S+ under production of a fuel. To accomplish the production of the back reaction microscopically, heterogeneous solutions containing molecular assemblies such as micelles or vesicles have been employed. Here, through judicious choice of the molecular system, in particular the use of functional electron relays, charge separation can be achieved. This concept has been coupled with the use of colloidal redox catalysts to bring about hydrogen and oxygen formation from water magnified imageSystems which produce hydrogen and/or oxygen from water through illumination with visible light will be reviewed and most recent experimental results from our and other laboratories discussed.
Physico‐Chemical Problems in Photovoltaic Research
Authors: Wagner Sigurd 
Published: August 2012

AbstractToday's single crystal silicon solar cell is a mature product. It is based on processes of photoexcitation, and of charge separation in space whose physics are well understood. However, the economical application of photovoltaic modules on a large scale is contingent upon substantial cost reduction. Conventional semiconductor fabrication technology needs to be supplanted by processes characteristic of industrial chemistry. This transition depends on the solution of a number of physico‐chemical problems which range from solid‐state chemistry to chemical engineering. In this brief review we discuss the principles of solar cell operation, key manufacturing steps, and four areas of research: the preparation and purification of silicon, the growth of ribbon crystals, deep‐level impurities, and the effect of grain boundary impurities.
Verbesserte oder neue Möglichkeiten zur Kraft‐Wärme‐Umwandlung durch Anwendung neuer Stoffe
Authors: Alefeld G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGewisse reversible Reaktionen, bei denen durch Wärmezufuhr aus einer flüssigen oder festen Phase eine gasförmige Komponente entweicht bzw. bei Absorption einer gasförmigen Komponente Wärme entsteht, werden zukünftig vermehrt zur Wärmespeicherung, zur Transformation von Wärme zwischen verschiedenen Temperaturniveaus sowie zur Erzeugung von Arbeit aus Wärme oder Wärme aus Arbeit genutzt werden. In geeigneten Diagrammen wird gezeigt, daß diese Sorptionskreisprozesse als arbeitsleistende und arbeitszehrende Clausius‐Rankine‐Prozesse mit mehrkomponentigen Arbeitsfluiden verstanden werden können. Mit Hilfe dieser Analyse werden die sogenannten „chemischen Motoren”︁, die verschiedenen Betriebsvarianten der Absorptionswärmepumpe, die Kompressorwärmepumpe mit Lösungskreislauf und Wärmespeicherzyklen diskutiert. — Beispiele für Arbeitsstoffpaare und Möglichkeiten zu deren Verbesserung werden angegeben. Eine neuartige Hochtemperaturabsorberwärmepumpe, die mit der Stoffkombination Zeolith/H2O arbeitet, wird vorgestellt.
Micellar Effects Upon the Reactions of the Setoglaucin Carbocation with Cyanide Ion
Authors: Srivastava S. K. , Katiyar Sarvagya S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe reaction of setoglaucin with cyanide ion exhibits 357 fold catalysis in presence of cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 23 fold inhibition in presence of anionic micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The effect of concentrations of detergent, substrate and reactant has been investigated. The data on the effect of counterions have been analysed by the model scheme and mathematical formulations developed by Patel and Katiyar [5, 6]. The anionic counterions have an inhibitory effect on the CTAB catalysed reaction of setoglaucin in the following order: N3− > NO3− > Br− > Cl− > F− > NO salt. Similarly the SDS inhibited reaction of setoglaucin shows an increase in the rate on the addition of cations like Cs+, K+, Na+, and Li+. However when the micelle affected reaction was studied in presence of alcohols, the rate of the CTAB catalysed reaction of setoglaucin with CN− was found to decrease with the increase in alcohol concentration. The alcohol with the longer alkyl chain was more effective: n‐butanol > n‐propanol > ethanol > methanol. The effect of the temperature on the reaction rate has also been examined.
The Molar Volume of Partially Associated Electrolytes Exemplified by CdSO4 in H2O  CH3CN‐Mixtures
Authors: Schwitzgebel G. , Lührs C. , Barthel J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOur model for the volume of partially associating electrolytes is based on the limiting law of Redlich and Rosenfeld for the electrolyte fraction of free ions and on the law of ideal mixing for the ion pairs. The resulting analytical density formula contains the partial molar volumes of the ions at infinite dilution VY∞ and of the ion pairs VA. These two parameters can be evaluated by a least squares method, if the association constant is determined independently. This has been done conductometrically for the test system CdSO4 in H2O‐acetonitrile (AN)‐mixtures. A magnetic suspension balance, reaching a sensitivity of σd = 2 · 10−6 g cm−3, proved to be well suited for the density measurements. Data at 25°C are presented for solutions with AN‐contents up to 21.3 mole percent and CdSO4‐concentrations between 4 · 10−3 and 4 · 10−2 mol dm−3. — The values of V∞ (CdSO4) are not equal to the intercepts obtained by conventional √ c‐extrapolations. The low values of VY∞ and of VA indicate volume saving solvation arrangements. A reevaluation of published density data of CaSO4 and of MgSO4 yields an almost identical value for the volume change of ion pair formation and agrees well with results calculated from the pressure dependence of the association constant.
Thermodynamische Untersuchungen an Menshutkin‐Komplexen. 1. Bildungsenthalpie und ‐entropie des Komplexes 2SbCl3 · C6H6
Authors: Perkampus H.‐H. , Sondern Chr. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn dem binären System SbCl6/C6H6 wurden die Aktivitäten in der flüssigen Mischphase als Funktion von Temperatur und Zusammensetzung durch Dampfdruckmessungen bestimmt. Aus den Abweichungen vom idealen Verhalten läßt sich auf die Existenz gelöster Komplexe schließen. Dies wird bestätigt durch die kalorimetrisch bestimmte exotherme Mischungsenthalpie. Durch zusätzliche Dampfdruck‐messungen über dem festen Komplex gelingt es, die Bildungsenthalpie des festen Komplexes auf insgesamt drei voneinander unabhängige Methoden zu ermitteln. Es ergibt sich ein mittlerer Wert von ΔHKomplex0 = ‐55,4 kJ mol−1 für die Bildung aus den reinen, flüssigen Komponenten.
Influence of Humidity on Polymorphic Transformations. Meprobamate
Authors: Ramberger R. , Burger A. , Schulte K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe extraordinarily strong influence of humidity on the kinetics of the irreversible polymorphic transition from meprobamate mod. III to mod. II is studied. The transformation rate varies between zero (in dry air) and 0.6 h−1 (in 80% relative humidity). A kinetic model is formulated which describes the data determined spectroscopically well. According to this model, the effect is explained by the formation of sorption layers, where dissolution processes strongly enhance the transformation rate and capillary condensation plays an important role. The strong influence of traces of water has its origin in the interaction of the water molecules with the CO group of meprobamate.
Ganzheitliche Eignungsbewertung von Sekundärrohstoffen für den Einsatz in Beton
Authors: Herbst Tristan , Meng Birgit , Rübner Katrin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDer Einsatz von Sekundärrohstoffen im Betonbau kann einen wesentlichen Beitrag zu einer nachhaltigen Ressourcenwirtschaft im Bauwesen leisten. Sekundärrohstoffe (Recycling‐Baustoffe, RC‐Baustoffe) finden bereits Anwendung als Roh‐ bzw. Brennstoffe in der Portlandzementklinkerherstellung, als Zementbestandteile, als Betonzusatzstoffe sowie als sekundäre Gesteinskörnungen in Beton. In einem Teilprojekt des DAfStb/BMBF‐Verbundforschungsvorhabens “Nachhaltig Bauen mit Beton” wurde das Einsatzpotenzial von Sekundärrohstoffen in Beton untersucht. Hierbei spielen sowohl technische als auch ökologische und ökonomische Fragestellungen eine wichtige Rolle. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde eine Bewertungsgrundlage mit ganzheitlicher Betrachtung von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten (Technik, Ökologie, Ökonomie) ausgearbeitet. Dieses Bewertungskonzept umfasst die vier Bewertungsschritte: I. Grundsätzliche Überlegungen, II. Vorteile für das nachhaltige Bauen, III. Alternative Bewertungswege und IV. Sensitivitätsanalysen. Das Bewertungskonzept wurde am Beispiel der bereits im Betonbau eingesetzten rezyklierten Gesteinskörnungen entwickelt.Holistic concept to assess the applicability of secondary materials in concreteNowadays there are several applications of secondary mineral materials and residues. In the framework of the German research project “Sustainable Building with Concrete”, a concept to assess the applicability of already used and new secondary materials in concrete has been developed. It considers sustainability aspects and includes the following four assessment steps: I. Basic considerations, II. Advantages for sustainable construction, III. Alternative paths of application, and IV. Sensitivity analysis. Depending on changing technical, ecological and economic aspects, the assessment has to be performed for changed technical, ecological and economic conditions as necessity arises.