bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoblastic bone formation is induced by using nanogel‐crosslinking hydrogel as novel scaffold for bone growth factor
Authors: Hayashi Chikako , Hasegawa Urara , Saita Yoshitomo , Hemmi Hiroaki , Hayata Tadayoshi , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Ezura Yoichi , Amagasa Teruo , Akiyoshi Kazunari , Noda Masaki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBone regeneration for the defects in revision surgery of joint replacement is an increasingly important issue. To repair bone defects, bone cell activation by growth factors using synthetic resorbable scaffold is a useful and safe option. We examine the efficiency of nanogel‐crosslinking hydrogel as a novel synthetic scaffold for BMP to stimulate osteoblasts and to induce bone formation. Cholesterol‐bearing pullulan nanogel‐crosslinking hydrogel (CHPA/Hydrogel) was used to deliver BMP. The CHPA hydrogel pellets were implanted in vivo. Single implantation of CHPA/hydrogel containing low amounts of BMP induced osteoblastic activation and new bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, nanogel in a disc shape established recruitment of osteoblastic cells that vigorously formed bone to heal the calvarial defects, which did not heal spontaneously without it. In conclusion, CHPA/hydrogel serves as an efficient and versatile scaffold for the stimulation of osteoblasts to form bone and to repair defects via delivery of BMP. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 1–7, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of fruit by theCerrado's marmoset (Callithrix penicillata): modeling color signals for different background scenarios and ambient light intensities
Authors: Perini Eduardo Sosti , Pessoa Valdir Filgueiras , Pessoa Daniel Marques de Almeida 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAmong placental mammals, only primates have trichromatic color vision, however this is not a uniform condition. Under different genetic status, Old World monkeys have routine trichromacy, while New World monkeys show a visual polymorphism, characterized by obligatory male dichromacy. The ecological role of this genetic difference still remains unclear, but some studies show that dichromats and trichromats appear to have different abilities in detecting colored targets against a background of leaves. TheCerrado's marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) is known to forage in brightly illuminated (savanna‐like vegetation) and dimly illuminated (forests) environments, exploiting a high amount of dark fruits. Hence, it seems to be a good model for studying the differential advantages enjoyed by each color vision phenotype under natural conditions. Our aim was to verify how the different phenotypes ofCerrado's marmoset detect components of their diet, evaluating the existence of differential phenotype advantages. Under two different light conditions, visual signals of naturally consumed fruits were modeled against different backgrounds scenarios. Even though dichromats and trichromats appear to be equally suited for tasks involving fruit detection, phenotype differential advantages are observed in this marmoset. In many conditions trichromats are predicted to perform better than dichromats, but under low ambient light dichromats manage to outperform trichromats in some scenarios. Phenotypes that carry widely spaced and longer M/L pigments enjoy the most advantage. These differential performances of trichromatic phenotypes, together with overdominance selection, seem to explain the maintenance of the tri‐allelic system found in callitrichids.J. Exp. Zool. 311A:289–302, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Planar graphs without 4‐cycles adjacent to 3‐cycles are list vertex 2‐arborable
Authors: Borodin Oleg V. , Ivanova Anna O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt is known that not all planar graphs are 4‐choosable; neither all of them are vertex 2‐arborable. However, planar graphs without 4‐cycles and even those without 4‐cycles adjacent to 3‐cycles are known to be 4‐choosable. We extend this last result in terms of covering the vertices of a graph by induced subgraphs of variable degeneracy. In particular, we prove that every planar graph without 4‐cycles adjacent to 3‐cycles can be covered by two induced forests. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62, 234–240, 2009
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy presenting with dyspnea
Authors: Pezzo Stephanie P. , Hartlage Gregory , Edwards Charles M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTakotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC), or “broken heart syndrome”, is an increasingly recognized condition that mimics acute myocardial infarction with morphologically characteristic left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease. TC is seen almost exclusively in postmenopausal women following extreme emotional or physiologic stress. Although most patients present with chest pain, limited data suggest that African American patients with TC tend to present with atypical symptoms such as dyspnea or nausea. We present a 57 year‐old African American female with TC who presented with severe dyspnea following the shooting death of her son. Added to existing data, our case alerts clinicians to consider Takotsubo syndrome in African American patients with atypical presentation. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:200‐202. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Living with diversity: The peaceful management of horizontal inequalities in Ghana
Authors: Langer Arnim 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWhile recent scholarship has highlighted the role of horizontal inequalities in provoking political instability and violent group mobilisation, some countries have been able to prevent their ethnic, religious or regional inequalities from escalating into widespread violence at the national level. This obviously raises the question: under what circumstances are horizontal inequalities more likely to provoke violent group action? In order to understand the linkages between horizontal inequalities and the emergence of violent conflict, we need to analyse not only countries where violent conflicts have emerged but also countries which have been able to manage their ethno‐regional tensions and inequalities relatively peacefully. The current paper aims to do just that for the case of Ghana. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The overwhelming minority: Inter‐ethnic conflict in Ghana's Northern Region
Authors: Jönsson Julia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn Ghana historical and modern legal and political circumstances have contributed to violent conflicts being structured around chiefs and tradition. Horizontal inequalities and local rivalries provide material for conflict narratives which in turn interact with national party politics, giving rise to the threat of inter and intra‐ethnic violence being triggered by contentious events. By analysing the background to the series of inter‐ethnic conflicts in the Northern Region which culminated in the 1994–1995 ‘Guinea Fowl War’ this paper examines how traditional and modern politics interact in Ghana and how they generate the categories and dynamics that fuel conflict. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐cadherin mediates interaction between precursor cells in the subventricular zone and regulates further differentiation
Authors: Yagita Yoshiki , Sakurai Takeshi , Tanaka Hidekazu , Kitagawa Kazuo , Colman David R. , Shan Weisong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNeurogenesis and cell differentiation in the brain continues throughout life. In the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream, precursor cells contact each other. Cell–cell interactions mediated via adhesion molecules are no doubt involved in establishing and maintaining the neurogenic ability of these cells. Here, we demonstrate that N‐cadherin plays important roles in forming cell clusters and in regulating cell differentiation. N‐cadherin is abundantly expressed in chain migrating cells in the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream but is down‐regulated after cells exit these regions. We also show that neurosphere formation is inhibited via suppression of N‐cadherin function and that N‐cadherin expression is decreased after induction of neurosphere differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that functional blockade of N‐cadherin can enhance glial cell differentiation in explant cultures of precursors from the subventricular zone. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroprotective role of erythropoietin by antiapoptosis in the retina
Authors: Chung Hyewon , Lee Hyunju , Lamoke Folami , Hrushesky William J. M. , Wood Patricia A. , Jahng Wan Jin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractErythropoietin (EPO) stimulates red blood cell production, in part by inhibiting apoptosis of the red blood cell precursors. The erythropoietic effects of EPO are circadian stage dependent. Retinal injury due to light occurs through oxidative mechanisms and is manifest by retinal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells apoptosis. The visual cycle might be circadian coordinated as a means of effectively protecting the retina from the detrimental effects of light‐induced, oxygen‐dependent, free radical–mediated damage, especially at the times of day when light is more intense. We show that the retinal expression of EPO and its receptor (EPOR), as well as subsequent Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) phosphorylations, are each tightly linked to a specific time after oxidative stress and in anticipation of daily light onset. This is consistent with physiological protection against daily light‐induced, oxidatively mediated retinal apoptosis. In vitro, we verify that EPO protects RPE cells from light, hyperoxia, and hydrogen peroxide–induced retinal cell apoptosis, and that these stimuli increase EPO and EPOR expression in cultured RPE cells. Together, these data support the premise that EPO and its EPOR interactions represent an important retinal shield from physiologic and pathologic light‐induced oxidative injury. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
γ‐Aminobutyric acid‐mediated regulation of the activity‐dependent olfactory bulb dopaminergic phenotype
Authors: Akiba Yosuke , Sasaki Hayato , Huerta Patricio T. , Estevez Alvaro G. , Baker Harriet , Cave John W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) regulates the proliferation and migration of olfactory bulb (OB) interneuron progenitors derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ), but the role of GABA in the differentiation of these progenitors has been largely unexplored. This study examines the role of GABA in the differentiation of OB dopaminergic interneurons using neonatal forebrain organotypic slice cultures prepared from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) gene promoter (ThGFP). KCl‐mediated depolarization of the slices induced ThGFP expression. The addition of GABA to the depolarized slices further increased GFP fluorescence by inducing ThGFP expression in an additional set of periglomerular cells. These findings show that GABA promoted differentiation of SVZ‐derived OB dopaminergic interneurons and suggest that GABA indirectly regulated Th expression and OB dopaminergic neuron differentiation through an acceleration of the maturation rate for the dopaminergic progenitors. Additional studies revealed that the effect of GABA on ThGFP expression required activation of L‐ and P/Q‐type Ca2+ channels as well as GABAA and GABAB receptors. These voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels and GABA receptors have previously been shown to be required for the coexpressed GABAergic phenotype in the OB interneurons. Together, these findings suggest that Th expression and the differentiation of OB dopaminergic interneurons are coupled to the coexpressed GABAergic phenotype and demonstrate a novel role for GABA in neurogenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shotgun proteomic analysis of the microsomal fraction of eukaryotic cells using a two‐dimensional reversed‐phase×ion‐pair reversed‐phase HPLC setup
Authors: Wörner Martin , Melchior Katja , Delmotte Nathanaël , Hwang Kyung Hoon , Monostory Katalin , Huber Christian G. , Bernhardt Rita 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA RP×IP‐RP HPLC separation scheme was combined with on‐line ESI‐IT tandem MS or off‐line MALDI tandem TOF MS and applied to the analysis of eukaryotic subcellular proteomes. Previous proteomic studies [1] were complemented by the approval of the approach to eukaryotic proteomes using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The major focus was set to the analysis of primary human hepatocyte microsomes, representing a compartment of high interest due to its involvement in xenobiotic detoxification and cholesterol homeostasis. Of the 588 proteins identified from two donors, 24% are involved in cholesterol homeostasis or xenobiotic/lipid metabolism. Up to 50% of the identified proteins belong to the group of membrane proteins, difficult to investigate using gel‐based proteomic approaches. We further demonstrated the reproducibility and comparability of the approach and reduced the amount of sample load by almost 70% with only minor loss of information about the proteins identified in the samples. The presented study clearly demonstrates the good applicability of the experimental setup to the analysis of subcellular proteomes including large membrane fractions, where only low amounts of sample material are available.
Lipidomics – A personal view
Authors: Christie William W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe science of lipidomics may not be as new as many current practitioners believe, but the methods that are being applied today, especially those involving electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, are indeed novel and extremely powerful. They are enabling a much better understanding of the functions of lipids in tissues and of the relationship to human disease states. Shotgun lipidomics, i. e. direct mass spectrometric analysis of complex lipid extracts without chromatographic steps, gives rapid access to a great deal of compositional data. On the other hand, there are limitations to even this technique, and there are still occasions when chromatographic, and chemical and enzymatic degradative methods are necessary.
Development of a test device for the evaluation of fretting in point contact
Authors: Pasanen A. , Järvisalo S. , Lehtovaara A. , Rabb R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFretting wear and fatigue may occur between any two contacting surfaces, wherever short‐amplitude reciprocating sliding is present for a large number of cycles. A test device has been developed for the evaluation of fretting fatigue and wear in partial and gross slip conditions. Three similar sphere‐on‐plane contacts run at the same time. Normal force, tangential force or displacement amplitude and constant bulk stress can be controlled and measured separately. Reciprocating tangential displacement is produced with rotational motion, the amplitude and frequency of which can be adjusted and controlled accurately by an electric shaker. The number of load cycles for crack initiation and growth is determined with strain‐gauge measurements near the fretting point of contact. The contact surfaces are measured with 3D optical profilometer before fretting measurements to determine actual contact geometry.The measurements were done with quenched and tempered steel. The initial results indicate that cracks are mostly formed in partial slip conditions, whereas fretting wear is more heavily involved in gross slip conditions. The initiation of a crack occurs near the edge of the contact in the slip direction, where the calculated cracking risk has its maximum value in partial slip conditions. The number of cracks increases as the displacement amplitude, i.e. friction force, increases in partial slip conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A methodology for the assessment of the tribocorrosion of passivating metallic materials
Authors: Diomidis N. , Celis J.‐P. , Ponthiaux P. , Wenger F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synergism between mechanical friction and corrosion may lead to an acceleration of the degradation of materials in sliding contacts exposed to the environment. Electrochemical measurements and sliding tests are proposed as a protocol suitable to decouple the material losses originating from the active material and the passive film, and to identify their electrochemical or mechanical nature. The corrosion resistance of a material, its ability to react onto chemical or mechanical attack, its susceptibility to tribocorrosion and the effect of a passive surface film on the coefficient of friction are evaluated. The proposed tribo‐electrochemical protocol allows to evaluate the potential and risks of applying newly developed materials in sliding contacts, and to support the selection and implementation of materials in industry in applications where corrosion and wear are potential degradation processes. This protocol extends the existing Standard Guide ASTM G 119‐04 ‘Determining Synergism between wear and Corrosion’ for passivating metallic materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for a class of nonlinear n ‐th order differential equations with delays
Authors: Liu Bingwen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we use the coincidence degree theory to establish new results on the existence and uniqueness of T ‐periodic solutions for a class of nonlinear n ‐th order differential equations with delays of the formx(n)(t) + f (x(n‐ 1)(t)) + g (t, x (t ‐ τ (t))) = p (t).
On the expected surface area of the Wiener sausage
Authors: Rataj Jan , Schmidt Volker , Spodarev Evgeny 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFor parallel neighborhoods of the paths of thed‐dimensional Brownian motion, so‐calledWiener sausages, formulae for the expected surface area are given for any dimensiond≥ 2. It is shown by means of geometric arguments that the expected surface area is equal to the first derivative of the mean volume of the Wiener sausage with respect to its radius (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonparallel cutaneous microcirculatory responses to pharmacologic alterations of systemic arterial pressure in rats
Authors: Sun Tzong‐Bor , Kuo Terry B. J. , Yang Cheryl C. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBoth hypotension and hypertension aggravate the damage of reperfusion injury after reconstructive microsurgery. The purpose of this study is to establish a theoretical guide for postoperative blood pressure control in optimizing the cutaneous perfusion and flap survival. Systemic arterial pressure was altered by the intravenous infusion of saline, sodium nitroprusside, phentolamine, and phenylephrine in thirty‐two 280–350 g anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. Power spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and laser Doppler flowmetry (flux) of epigastric skin were used to reveal the blood pressure and cutaneous blood flow variabilities. Nonparallel responses of cutaneous perfusion and blood pressure were found. The baseline SAP and flux were 126.0 ± 1.4 mmHg and 57.2 ± 1.8 au, respectively. Sodium nitroprusside and phentolamine significantly decreased the SAP (71.1 ± 2.7 and 70.5 ± 1.5 mmHg,P< 0.0001). However, the corresponding responses in cutaneous perfusion were opposite (56.2 ± 3.1 au,P= 0.7389 and 36.2 ± 2.3 au,P< 0.0001). Phenylephrine significantly increased the SAP (171.7 ± 3.0 mmHg,P< 0.0001) but the flux of epigastric skin was decreased (44.4 ± 2.6 au,P< 0.0001). Phentolamine and phenylephrine showed negative effects on the systemic cardiac and vascular sympathetic modulations. Sodium nitroprusside had a trend in increasing systemic vasomotor activity. We suggested not using vasoconstrictors in treating intra and postoperative hypotension associated with free flap transfer. Nitric oxide donors are superior to α‐adrenoceptor antagonists in preserving the cutaneous flap perfusion when treating postoperative hypertension. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Nocturia is an age‐independent risk factor for hip‐fractures in men
Authors: Temml Christian , Ponholzer Anton , Gutjahr Georg , Berger Ingrid , Marszalek Martin , Madersbacher Stephan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsNocturia is a highly prevalent symptom in the elderly and a common reason for interrupted sleep resulting in dizziness, worse daytime functioning and higher risk of falls. The aim of this study was to determine the role of nocturia as a risk factor for hip‐fractures in men.MethodsMen aged 40–80 years participating in a health‐screening survey in Vienna between 2000 and 2003 entered the study. In parallel to the investigation all men completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). In 2008, files of all Austrian public hospitals were screened whether these men were admitted with the diagnosis of a hip‐fracture. χ2‐test and logistic regression analyses were used to study the association of nocturia to hip‐fractures.ResultsA total of 1,820 men (52 ± 9 years) with a mean follow‐up of 6.2 years entered this analysis. Hip‐fractures occurred in 24 men (1.3%). The occurrence of hip‐fractures increased from 0.9% (no nocturia) to 1.0% (nocturia once) to 2.7% (nocturia twice or more). This trend was significant (P = 0.03, χ2‐test). Even after adjusting for age, men with nocturia of ≥2 were at increased risk (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03–1.80, P = 0.03) for developing a hip‐fracture. The IPSS was not correlated to the occurrence of hip‐fractures (p for trend 0.61).ConclusionsNocturia of ≥2 is an age‐independent risk factor for hip‐fractures in men. The high frequency of nocturia in elderly men paralleled with the significant morbidity and even mortality of hip‐fractures underline the clinical importance of this association. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:949–952, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adapting question mapping as a methodology to help make sense of a community's collective wisdom and shared futures
Authors: Gelles Erna , Ludeman Richard F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article investigates question mapping as a methodology for making sense of the complex issues discussed at a West Coast nonprofit leadership summit in the economic downturn following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. A real‐time organizational development tool was employed retrospectively to help frame the fundamental questions raised by the region's leaders about community needs and the sector's role in meeting them. Following a brief description of the summit, the methodology is presented. We then consider how this approach differs from other frameworks for encouraging and analyzing discourse and how it was adapted. The technique is both a heuristic device and a guide with potential for synthesizing community issues in real time or retrospectively. The categorization schema provides a framework for deliberative dialogue and action as well as many potential nonprofit research agendas for the coming years.
An approach to pre‐Hispanic diets in the Pampas during the Early/Middle Holocene
Authors: Politis Gustavo G. , Scabuzzo Clara , Tykot Robert H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to dietary studies of Early‐Middle Holocene Pampean hunter‐gatherers, and to evaluate the intra‐group dietary differences. Results from stable carbon isotope analysis of the organic and inorganic fractions of bone from 26 human remains from the sites Arroyo Seco 2 (Interserrana area) and Monte Hermoso 1 (Atlantic coast) are presented and discussed. Isotopic values from archaeofauna – including megafauna and current fauna – are also reported. δ13CCOL isotopic values on human remains from these sites suggest the existence of different diets in Early‐Middle Holocene groups, including individuals consuming mainly marine resources, individuals with a terrestrial diet based on C3 plants and/or the intake of C3‐consuming herbivores, and finally, individuals with a mixed diet. δ13CCOL data from human remains are consistent with the isotopic results obtained for the most abundant faunal remains at the sites (guanaco, Pampean deer, and seal). Apatite analysis was carried out on 22 individuals from AS2. The apatite results suggest C4 plants or marine food consumption or a combination of both. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.