bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repellency and toxicity of plant‐based essential oils and their constituents against Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: Mann R. S. , Tiwari S. , Smoot J. M. , Rouseff R. L. , Stelinski L. L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vectors Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the presumed causal agent of huanglongbing. D. citri generally rely on olfaction and vision for detection of host cues. Certain plant volatiles and plant‐derived essential oil products are known to repel several arthropod species and are considered minimum‐risk pesticides. We examined the effect of five essential oils and eight chemicals previously reported to have activity against various insect species on D. citri behaviour in a two‐port divided T‐olfactometer in an effort to identify repellents for further consideration and testing as crop protectants for D. citi. Volatiles from essential oils of coriander, lavender, rose, thyme, tea tree oil and 2‐undecanone, a major constituent of rue oil repelled D. citri adults compared with clean air. Also, coriander, lavender, rose and thyme oil inhibited the response of D. citri when co‐presented with citrus leaves. Volatiles from eugenol, eucalyptol, carvacrol, β‐caryophyllene, α‐pinene, α‐gurjunene and linalool did not repel D. citri adults compared with clean air. In an effort to isolate the repellents and toxicants from effective essential oils, the headspace components of coriander and lavender oil were analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and revealed that α‐pinene and linalool were the primary volatiles present in coriander oil while linalool and linalyl acetate were the primary volatiles present in lavender oil. Coriander, lavender and garlic chive oils were also highly toxic to D. citri when evaluated as contact action insecticides using a topical application technique. The LC50 values for these three oils ranged between 0.16 and 0.25 μg/D. citri adult while LC50 values for rose and thyme oil ranged between 2.45 and 17.26 μg/insect.
Increased pulsatility of the ductus venosus blood velocity in the first trimester is associated with the delivery of small for gestational age or low birth weight infants
Authors: Tsuchiya Miwa , Kikuchi Akira , Takakuwa Koichi , Tanaka Kenichi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  To determine the relationship between ultrasound findings during the first trimester and obstetrical outcomes.Methods:  A retrospective cohort study was carried out on 516 women who underwent ultrasound examination between 12 and 14 gestational weeks.Results:  The reduced crown‐rump length, biparietal diameter, femur length (Z‐score < −1 and −1.5) and increased umbilical artery pulsatility index (>90th and 95th percentile) were not associated with poor obstetrical outcomes. A ductus venosus pulsatility index greater than the 90th percentile was associated with aneuploidy, small for gestational age and low birth weight infants.Conclusion:  Increased pulsatility in the ductus venosus is associated with increased risk for chromosomal abnormality in early pregnancy. Here we show that increased pulsatility is also linked to fetal growth restriction.
A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Loss Experience in the U.S. Crop Insurance Program
Authors: Woodard Joshua D. , Schnitkey Gary D. , Sherrick Bruce J. , Lozano‐Gracia Nancy , Anselin Luc 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPatterns in loss‐ratio experience in the U.S. corn insurance market are investigated with a spatial econometric model. The results demonstrate systematic geographically related misratings and provide estimates of the impacts of several observable factors on the magnitude of misrating in the program. The model is used to estimate actuarial cross‐subsidizations across the primary corn‐producing states and counties. The impacts of the primary factors are substantial, resulting in net premium transfers of approximately 26 percent of total premiums annually. The misratings likely have important insurance demand, welfare, and land‐use implications.
Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovale Closure Using Helex and Amplatzer Devices without Intraprocedural Echocardiographic Guidance
Authors: SIDDIQUI IRFAN F. , MICHAELS ANDREW D. 
Published: November 2010

Objectives:
We compared procedural outcomes of patients undergoing patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure using Helex (W.L. Gore & Assoc., Flagstaff, AZ, USA) and Amplatzer (AGA Medical Corp., Plymouth, MN, USA) devices using intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) versus fluoroscopic‐only guidance.
Background:
Use of transesophageal or ICE to guide PFO closure is associated with patient discomfort and cost. While fluoroscopic guidance of septal closure using Amplatzer is well established, there is no published experience for Helex.
Methods:
We performed a single‐center, single‐operator analysis of patients undergoing PFO closure using Helex or Amplatzer occluders. Device and guidance strategy was selected by the operator.
Results:
Of the 132 PFO patients, 23 were closed with Helex, and 109 were closed with Amplatzer (103 Cribriforms, 4 PFO occluders, and 2 atrial septal occluders). Fluoroscopic guidance was used for 15 (65%) Helex and 102 (94%) Amplatzer cases. Successful device placement was achieved in all patients with a 1.5% complication rate (1 arrhythmia and 1 device embolization). Procedure time was shorter for fluoroscopic guidance of Amplatzer cases compared to ICE guidance (P = 0.023), and for Amplatzer versus Helex cases (P = 0.0004). Among the Helex cases, there were no differences in procedure or fluoroscopy time comparing ICE to fluoroscopic guidance. There was no residual shunting by transthoracic echocardiographic bubble study in 93% of Helex and 95% of Amplatzer cases at 6 months.
Conclusions:
Use of right atrial angiography and fluoroscopic‐only guidance for PFO closure using Helex and Amplatzer devices provides an efficient alternative to ICE guidance. While procedure and fluoroscopy times were significantly shorter for Amplatzer versus Helex cases, these times were similar for Helex comparing fluoroscopy versus ICE guidance. (J Interven Cardiol 2011;24:271–277)
Salivary flow rate and periodontal infection – a study among subjects aged 75 years or older
Authors: Syrjälä A‐MH , Raatikainen L , Komulainen K , Knuuttila M , Ruoppi P , Hartikainen S , Sulkava R , Ylöstalo P 
Published: November 2010

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 387–392Objective:  To analyse the relation of stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates to periodontal infection in home‐dwelling elderly people aged 75 years or older.Subjects and Methods:  This study was based on a subpopulation of 157 (111 women, 46 men) home‐dwelling, dentate, non‐smoking elderly people (mean age 79.8, SD 3.6 years) from the Geriatric Multidisciplinary Strategy for the Good Care of the Elderly Study). The data were collected by interview and oral clinical examination.Results:  Persons with very low (<0.7 ml min−1) and low stimulated salivary flow rates (0.7–<1.0 ml min−1) had a decreased likelihood of having teeth with deepened (≥4 mm) periodontal pockets, RR: 0.7, CI: 0.5–0.9 and RR: 0.7, CI: 0.5–0.9, respectively, when compared with those with normal stimulated salivary flow. Persons with a very low unstimulated salivary flow rate (<0.1 ml min−1) had a decreased likelihood of having teeth with deepened (≥4 mm) periodontal pockets, RR 0.8, CI: 0.6–1.0, when compared with subjects with low/normal unstimulated salivary flow.Conclusions:  In a population of dentate, home‐dwelling non‐smokers, aged 75 years or older, low stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates were weakly associated with a decreased likelihood of having teeth with deep periodontal pockets.
Oral colonization by Candida species in AIDS pediatric patients
Authors: Domaneschi C , Massarente DB , de Freitas RS , de Sousa Marques HH , Paula CR , Migliari DA , Antunes JLF 
Published: November 2010

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 393–398The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of factors associated with oral colonization by Candida spp. in pediatric patients with AIDS. The sample comprised of 117 children. Clinical status, medicines in use, and laboratory findings were obtained from hospital records; sociodemographic data were given by relatives. A dental examination assessed the prevalence of dental caries. The prevalence of oral colonization by Candida was 62%. Only seven children presented clinical manifestation of oral candidosis despite their high viral load index and low‐for‐age CD4 count. Candida colonization was directly associated with frequent use of antibiotics (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.44), sulfa drugs (PR = 1.23), alteration in the oral mucosa (PR = 1.55), and untreated dental caries (PR = 1.93). It was inversely associated with the use of antiretroviral therapies (PR = 0.65). Candida albicans was the most frequently detected species (80%); phenotypic tests did not detect C. dubliniensis strains. This study observed a low prevalence of Candida‐related oral lesions in these patients, which is compatible with the hypothesis that antiretroviral medicines may have contributed to reducing oral manifestations from Candida infection. The high prevalence of Candida colonization in HIV+/AIDS children with untreated dental caries reinforces the importance of oral health care in interdisciplinary health units that assist these patients.
The relationship of enamel defects and caries: a cohort study
Authors: Targino AGR , Rosenblatt A , Oliveira AF , Chaves AMB , Santos VE 
Published: November 2010

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 420–426Objective:  Is there a relationship between enamel defects and early childhood caries?Methods:  A total of 275 children participated in a cohort study from birth to 54 months of age. Enamel defects were determined by the development defects enamel index and dental caries was registered according to the WHO criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive, analytical techniques, multivariate analysis, and evidence‐based tools as number needed to harm (NNH).Results:  In the follow up, 224 children were still in the study, 81.3% presented at least one tooth with enamel defect and 44.2% had dental caries. An association was found between enamel defects and dental caries (P = 0.0091). Multivariate analysis showed that night bottle‐feeding, absence of fluoride and enamel defects were predictors of dental caries at 18 months (P < 0.05). Enamel defect was the only statistically significant variable to influence the development of caries at 24, 30, 36, and 42 months. At 48 months, the use of fluoride toothpaste had effect on the decrease of caries (P < 0.05). The NNH for enamel defects in relation to dental caries was 3.0, at 24 months and 5.0 at 54 months.Conclusion:  Enamel defect is a predisposing factor for ECC.
Paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in Denmark 1994–2006: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Tuckuviene R , Christensen AL , Helgestad J , Johnsen SP , Kristensen SR 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  To assess the incidence rates (IR), clinical characteristics, risk factors, treatment and outcomes of paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT).Methods:  Using population‐based, nationwide medical registries, we identified all patients aged 0–18 years at the time of hospitalization with first‐ever AIS and/or CSVT in Denmark between 1994 and 2006. Medical records were retrieved and reviewed.Results:  We identified 211 patients with AIS and 40 patients with CSVT corresponding to IRs of 1.33 (95% CI 1.16–1.52) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.19–0.34) per 100 000 person‐years, respectively. The IRs peaked in infancy (<1 year) for both AIS and CSVT with an additional peak among adolescents (15–18 years) for CSVT. The IR of AIS increased 3.9% per year (p = 0.036), whereas no changes were found for CSVT. In total, 48.2% of the patients received antithrombotic treatment; no major complications were observed. All‐cause and thrombosis‐related 30‐day case fatality ratios were 3.6% and 2.4%, respectively; neurological sequelae were found in 56.2% of patients.Conclusion:  The IR of AIS was highest in infants and had increased with 3.9% annually during the observation period. The IR of CSVT had an additional peak in adolescence and remained unchanged over time.
Evaluation of Chlorine Dioxide Gas Residues on Selected Food Produce
Authors: Trinetta Valentina , Vaidya Nirupama , Linton Richard , Morgan Mark 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  In recent years, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has greatly increased, and so has its association with contamination of several foodborne pathogens (Listeria, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli). Hence, there is a need to investigate effective sanitizer systems for produce decontamination. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), a strong oxidizing gas with broad spectrum and sanitizing properties, has previously been studied for use on selected fruits and vegetables. ClO2 gas treatments show great potential for surface pathogen reduction; however its use from a residue safety standpoint has yet to be assessed. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate residues of ClO2, chlorite, chlorate, and chloride on selected fresh produce surfaces after treatment with ClO2 gas. A rinse procedure was used and water samples were analyzed by N, N‐diethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine and ion chromatography method (300.0). Seven different foods—tomatoes, oranges, apples, strawberries, lettuce, alfalfa sprouts, and cantaloupe—were analyzed after ClO2 treatment for surface residues. Very low residues were detectable for all the food products except lettuce and alfalfa sprouts, where the measured concentrations were significantly higher. Chlorine dioxide technology leaves minimal to no detectable chemical residues in several food products, thus result in no significant risks to consumers.Practical Application:  Potential for chlorine dioxide gas treatments as an effective pathogen inactivation technology to produce with minimal risk for consumers.
Cloud‐Point Extraction and Reversed‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Edible Oils
Authors: Chen Miao , Xia Qinghai , Liu Mousheng , Yang Yaling 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  A cloud‐point extraction (CPE) method using Triton X‐114 (TX‐114) nonionic surfactant was developed for the extraction and preconcentration of propyl gallate (PG), tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) from edible oils. The optimum conditions of CPE were 2.5% (v/v) TX‐114, 0.5% (w/v) NaCl and 40 min equilibration time at 50 °C. The surfactant‐rich phase was then analyzed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 280 nm, using a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol and 1.5% (v/v) acetic acid. Under the studied conditions, 4 synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) were successfully separated within 24 min. The limits of detection (LOD) were 1.9 ng mL−1 for PG, 11 ng mL−1 for TBHQ, 2.3 ng mL−1 for BHA, and 5.9 ng mL−1 for BHT. Recoveries of the SPAs spiked into edible oil were in the range 81% to 88%. The CPE method was shown to be potentially useful for the preconcentration of the target analytes, with a preconcentration factor of 14. Moreover, the method is simple, has high sensitivity, consumes much less solvent than traditional methods, and is environment‐friendly.Practical Application:  The method established in this article uses less organic solvent to extract SPAs from edible oils; it is simple, highly sensitive and results in no pollution to the environment.
La Federación de Rusia: ante los retos específicos del envejecimiento y la política de seguridad social en una época de crisis demográfica
Authors: Eberstadt Nicholas , Groth Hans 
Published: November 2010

ResumenEn este artículo se examina la crisis demográfica que sufre la Federación de Rusia y sus repercusiones en la capacidad que tiene el Gobierno ruso (o de la población rusa a través de sus propios esfuerzos) para generar fondos suficientes que proporcionen un nivel razonable de seguridad económica en la vejez. Aunque la estructura general del perfil poblacional de Rusia es muy similar a la de otras sociedades más desarrolladas, tanto ahora como en los próximos decenios, Rusia afronta retos más importantes en términos de cobertura del envejecimiento de la población que los típicos Estados miembros de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos. Un factor que dificulta considerablemente el problema es que los ciudadanos rusos en edad de trabajar tienen actualmente muchos más problemas de salud y una mortalidad más elevada que los residentes de otros países con niveles similares – y, de hecho, incluso más bajos – de renta. A pesar de que los argumentos presentados se centran en las pensiones, los mismos factores que harán que sea difícil ofrecer pensiones adecuadas también significan que otros aspectos de la protección social serán igualmente difíciles de cumplir. El éxito de la política de seguridad social en Rusia, por lo tanto, dependerá de mucho más que de los programas sociales por sí mismos: será necesario reducir las tasas de mortalidad de las personas en edad de trabajar, revitalizar los estudios superiores y acometer una reforma básica de las instituciones del país y de las políticas económicas.
Protección social para los migrantes: los desafíos de la prestación en el contexto del cambio en los flujos migratorios
Authors: Sabates‐Wheeler Rachel , Koettl Johannes 
Published: November 2010

ResumenEl acceso a la protección social varía ampliamente entre los migrantes internacionales. Este artículo se centra en la cuestión de las cotizaciones proporcionales al salario en el marco de programas de seguridad social, así como en la carencia (frecuente) de subrogabilidad transfronteriza, un problema que afecta en particular a los migrantes Sur‐Sur. Además, se llama la atención sobre el hecho de que en muchos países de ingresos bajos suele haber una falta de capacidad administrativa para gestionar los programas de seguridad social, lo que es, en primer lugar, un problema mayor que la carencia de subrogabilidad de algunos derechos adquiridos potencialmente para hacer efectivas las prestaciones concedidas en virtud de ellos. Por regla general, la incapacidad de los migrantes para beneficiarse tanto de los programas de seguridad social que existen en el país de origen como en el país de acogida resta valor al bienestar y la seguridad de los migrantes y sus familiares. El artículo concluye que la migración Sur‐Sur debe entenderse como algo significativamente diferente de la migración Norte‐Norte, en la que las cuestiones de protección social son mucho más manejables.
Dinámica de la población: seguridad social, mercados y familias
Authors: Mason Andrew , Lee Ronald , Lee Sang‐Hyop 
Published: November 2010

ResumenLas transferencias intergeneracionales ascendentes — de la población en edad de trabajar a la población de edad avanzada — están aumentando considerablemente en los países industrializados adelantados y son mucho mayores que en los países en desarrollo. El envejecimiento de la población es el principal factor que está provocando este cambio. Así pues, en ausencia de un cambio demográfico importante (por ejemplo, el retorno a una fertilidad elevada), el incremento de las transferencias ascendentes es inevitable. Aun así, otros tres factores importantes influirán en la magnitud de las transferencias ascendentes. En primer lugar, los ingresos provenientes del trabajo varían en edades más avanzadas, a causa de las diferencias existentes en la edad promedio de jubilación, la productividad, el desempleo y las horas trabajadas. En segundo lugar, las características del consumo asociadas con la edad en la población de edad más avanzada varían fundamentalmente debido a las diferencias existentes en el gasto en salud. En tercer lugar, el gasto en capital humano (es decir, gasto en salud infantil y educación) varía. El gasto en capital humano entra en competencia con el gasto en las personas de edad, pero aumenta asimismo la productividad de las generaciones subsiguientes de trabajadores, así como los recursos disponibles para apoyar el consumo en la vejez.Todas las sociedades contemporáneas se apoyan en diversas instituciones y mecanismos económicos para reorientar los recursos económicos de la población en edad de trabajar a la población dependiente por motivos de edad: los niños y los mayores. Tres instituciones dominan las transferencias intergeneracionales: los gobiernos, que ponen en práctica los regímenes de seguridad social, los programas de educación y otros programas de transferencias públicas; los mercados, que son fundamentales para la acumulación de activos (por ejemplo, las pensiones basadas en la capitalización y las viviendas protegidas), y las familias, que prestan apoyo económico a los niños en todas las sociedades y a las personas de edad en muchas de ellas. Los objetivos del presente artículo son, en primer lugar, describir el modo en que el envejecimiento de la población y otros cambios influyen en la dirección y la magnitud de las transferencias intergeneracionales y, en segundo lugar, comparar los enfoques institucionales de las transferencias intergeneracionales que se adoptan en todo el mundo. El artículo se basa considerablemente en las Cuentas Nacionales de Transferencias (CNT), sistema establecido para medir las transferencias económicas en las diferentes edades en consonancia con el Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales (SCN) de las Naciones Unidas. Estas cuentas están siendo elaboradas en la actualidad por equipos de investigación situados en treinta y tres países en seis continentes que representan grandes variaciones en cuanto al nivel de desarrollo, las características demográficas y la política con respecto a las transferencias intergeneracionales.
Periocular corticosteroid injection in the management of uveitis in children
Authors: Habot‐Wilner Zohar , Sallam Ahmed , Roufas Athena , Kabasele Paul MB , Grigg John R. , McCluskey Peter , Lightman Sue 
Published: November 2010

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: e299–e304Abstract.Purpose:  To report the outcome of orbital floor corticosteroid injection (OFCI) in the management of uveitis in children.Methods:  A retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. The medical records of 15 consecutive children (19 eyes) with various forms of uveitis treated with OFCI of 40 mg/ml methylprednisolone acetate or a combination of 20 mg/0.5 ml Triamcinolone and 2 mg/0.5 ml dexamethasone were reviewed. Data were collected 6 months postinjection and included details of uveitis, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ocular inflammation, systemic therapy required and potential complications of OFCI.Results:  The mean BCVA improvement was 0.18 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (p < 0.001), at a mean of 6 weeks (range, 4–20). Fourteen eyes (74%) had significant improvement in inflammation, 4–7 weeks post‐OFCI, with a median of 4 weeks. Anterior uveitis was treated effectively in all eyes, vitritis resolved in all but one case and resolution of cystoid macular oedema was achieved in six eyes (55%). Uveitis relapsed in seven eyes (50%) after a median time of 4 months (range, 2–5 months). Four eyes (21%) underwent more than one injection. The dosage of immunosuppressive systemic therapy was reduced or able to be stopped in three patients (50%). Steroid‐induced cataract was observed in four eyes (21%), 5 months post‐OFCI. One patient developed cushingoid features 6 weeks post his second OFCI.Conclusion:  Corticosteroid orbital floor injections resulted in control of active uveitis and visual acuity improvement in most children. However, the effect might be transient and induce cataract formation.