bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional discharges and subsequent shelter use among unaccompanied adults in New York City
Authors: Metraux Stephen , Byrne Thomas , Culhane Dennis P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study empirically examines the link between homelessness and discharges from other institutions. An administrative record match was undertaken to determine rates of discharge from institutional care for 9,247 unaccompanied adult shelter users in New York City. Cluster analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis was then used to assess associations between different types of institutional discharges and the likelihood of persons subsequently experiencing extended shelter stays. Results show that 28% of the cohort was discharged from institutional care within the 90‐day period preceding their initial shelter entry, with different types of institutional discharge associated with differences in subsequent patterns of shelter use. Based on these findings, transitions from institution to the community are potentially a key intervention point for reducing homelessness and shelter use. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adults make a difference: the protective effects of parent and teacher emotional support on emotional and behavioral problems of peer‐victimized adolescents
Authors: Yeung Rachel , Leadbeater Bonnie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis longitudinal study investigated the associations between peer victimization and maladaptive outcomes (emotional and behavioral problems) among 580 adolescents concurrently and across a 2‐year period, and proposed that adult emotional support moderated this association. Peer victimization and maladaptive outcomes were assessed from adolescents' self‐reports. Adult emotional support was measured from adolescents' ratings of parent and teacher emotional support. Adolescents who were physically or relationally victimized by their peers were at risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Higher levels of father and teacher emotional support were associated with lower levels of adolescents' emotional and behavioral problems concurrently and across time. Higher levels of mother emotional support were associated with lower levels of emotional problems and moderated the effects of physical victimization on maladjustment for concurrent assessments only. Teacher emotional support moderated the association between relational victimization and emotional and behavioral problems across time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conceptualization and measurement of the neighborhood in rural settings: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: De Marco Allison , De Marco Molly 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInterest in the effects of neighborhood context on individual wellbeing has increased in recent years. We now know that neighborhood conditions, such as poverty and deprivation, negatively impact residents. However, most of the extant work has taken an urban focus. Less is known about these processes in rural settings. Neighborhood conceptualizations, such as Census tracts and block groups, are standard in the urban neighborhood effects literature. Yet, rural neighborhoods differ from those in urban regions making it unclear how these conceptualizations would fit. This systematic review seeks to summarize how researchers have conceptualized and measured rural neighborhoods. Keyword searches were performed in a variety of databases to compile all relevant peer‐reviewed articles. After examination, 19 articles fit the review criteria. Conceptualizations fell into five categories: administrative units, distance from home, town segments, local‐actor mapped regions, and nongeographical self‐definitions. Discussion of the merits of each for rural community research is provided. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ex vivo expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells: A more effective cell proliferation kinetics and metabolism under hypoxia
Authors: dos Santos Francisco , Andrade Pedro Z. , Boura Joana S. , Abecasis Manuel M. , da Silva Cláudia Lobato , Cabral Joaquim M.S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe low bone marrow (BM) MSC titers demand a fast ex vivo expansion process to meet the clinically relevant cell dosage. Attending to the low oxygen tension of BM in vivo, we studied the influence of hypoxia on human BM MSC proliferation kinetics and metabolism. Human BM MSC cultured under 2% (hypoxia) and 20% O2 (normoxia) were characterized in terms of proliferation, cell division kinetics and metabolic patterns. BM MSC cultures under hypoxia displayed an early start of the exponential growth phase, and cell numbers obtained at each time point throughout culture were consistently higher under low O2, resulting in a higher fold increase after 12 days under hypoxia (40 ± 10 vs. 30 ± 6). Cell labeling with PKH26 allowed us to determine that after 2 days of culture, a significant higher cell number was already actively dividing under 2% compared to 20% O2 and BM MSC expanded under low oxygen tension displayed consistently higher percentages of cells in the latest generations (generations 4–6) until the 5th day of culture. Cells under low O2 presented higher specific consumption of nutrients, especially early in culture, but with lower specific production of inhibitory metabolites. Moreover, 2% O2 favored CFU‐F expansion, while maintaining BM MSC characteristic immunophenotype and differentiative potential. Our results demonstrated a more efficient BM MSC expansion at 2% O2, compared to normoxic conditions, associated to an earlier start of cellular division and supported by an increase in cellular metabolism efficiency towards the maximization of cell yield for application in clinical settings. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 27–35, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of functional hepatocytes from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Li Weiqiang , Wang Ding , Qin Jie , Liu Chang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xiuming , Yu Xinbing , Lahn Bruce T. , Mao Frank Fuxiang , Xiang Andy Peng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells are derived from somatic cells by forced expression of several transcriptional factors. Induced pluripotent stem cells resemble embryonic stem cells in many aspects, such as the expression of certain stem cell markers, chromatin methylation patterns, embryoid body formation and teratoma formation. Therefore, induced pluripotent stem cells provide a powerful tool for study of developmental biology and unlimited resources for transplantation therapy. Here we reported the successful induction of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells and a simple and efficient process for generation of functional hepatocytes from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells by sequential addition of inducing factors. These induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived hepatocytes, just as mouse embryonic stem cell‐derived hepatocytes, expressed hepatic lineage markers including CK7, CK8, CK18, CK19, alpha‐fetoprotein, albumin, Cyp7a1, and exhibited functional hepatic characteristics, including glycogen storage, indocyanine green (ICG) uptake and release, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and urea secretion. Although we observed some variations in the efficiency of hepatic differentiation between induced pluripotent stem cells and common mouse embryonic stem cell lines, our results indicate that mouse induced pluripotent stem cells can efficiently differentiate into functional hepatocytes in vitro, which may be helpful for the study of liver development and regenerative medicine. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 492–501, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Akt‐1 mediates survival of chondrocytes from endoplasmic reticulum‐induced stress
Authors: Price Jeremy , Zaidi Asifa K , Bohensky Jolene , Srinivas Vickram , Shapiro Irving M , Ali Hydar 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionary conserved adaptive mechanism that permits cells to react and adjust to conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition to UPR, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways protect a variety of cells from ER stress. The goal of the present study was to assess the susceptibility of chondrocytes to ER stress and to determine the signaling pathways involved in their survival. We found that low concentration of thapsigargin (10 nM) reduced the viability of a chondrocyte cell line (N1511 cells) and that these cells were ∼100 fold more susceptible to thapsigargin‐induced stress than fibroblasts. Interestingly, in thapsigargin and tunicamycin‐stressed chondrocytes induction of the proapoptotic transcription factor CHOP preceded that of the anti‐apoptotic BiP by 12 h. Although both of these agents caused sustained Akt and ERK phosphorylation; inhibition of Akt phosphorylation sensitized chondrocytes to ER stress, while blocking ERK signaling by U0126 had no effect. We found that Akt‐1, but not Akt‐2 or Akt‐3, is predominantly expressed in N1511 chondrocytes. Furthermore, siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Akt‐1 sensitized chondrocytes to ER stress, which was associated with increased capsase‐3 activity and decreased BclXL expression. These data suggest that under condition of ER stress, multiple signaling processes regulate chondrocyte's survival‐death decisions. Thus, rapid upregulation of CHOP likely contributes to chondrocyte death, while Akt‐1‐mediated inactivation of caspase 3 and induction of BclXL promotes survival. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 502–508, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of heme oxygenase‐1 inhibits the maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Hung , Tang Chih‐Hsin , Hung Shih‐Ya , Liu Shing‐Hwa , Lin Yen‐Ming , Fu Wen‐Mei , Yang Rong‐Sen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHeme‐oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), an important enzyme involved in vascular disease, transplantation, and inflammation, catalyzes the degradation of heme into carbon monoxide and biliverdin. It has been reported that overexpression of HO‐1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis. However, the effect of HO‐1 on osteoblast differentiation is still not clear. We here used adenoviral vector expressing recombinant human HO‐1 and HO‐1 inducer hemin to study the effects of HO‐1 in primary cultured osteoblasts. The results showed that induction of HO‐1 inhibited the maturation of osteoblasts including mineralized bone nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased mRNA expression of several differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and RUNX2. Furthermore, downstream products of HO‐1, bilirubin, carbon monoxide, and iron, are involved in the inhibitory action of HO‐1. HO‐1 can be induced by H2O2, lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β in osteoblasts and also in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. In addition, endogenous PPARγ ligand, 15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14‐prostaglandin‐J2 (15d‐PGJ2) markedly increased both mRNA and protein levels of HO‐1 in osteoblasts via PI3K‐Akt and MAPK pathways. Blockade of HO activity by ZnPP IX antagonized the inhibitory action on osteocalcin expression by hemin and 15d‐PGJ2. Our results indicate that upregulation of HO‐1 inhibits the maturation of osteoblasts and HO‐1 may be involved in oxidative‐ or inflammation‐induced bone loss. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 757–768, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why can the activation volume of the cycloadduct decomposition in isopolar retro‐Diels–Alder reactions be negative?
Authors: Kiselev Vladimir D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRate constants of the Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction of anthracene with tetracyanoethylene, enthalpy of solution of reactants and adduct, enthalpy of the reaction in solution, enthalpy and entropy of activation of the forward and retro‐Diels–Alder reactions were determined in 14 solvents. Temperature and pressure effects on the rate of the decomposition of the adduct formed from 9‐chloroanthracene and tetracyanoethylene were studied. Since the electrostriction effect can be excluded from the consideration of the isopolar Diels–Alder reaction, negative values of the activation volume in the retro‐Diels–Alder reactions can be caused by the different possibilities of penetration of the solvent molecules to large steric branched structures of the transition states and adducts. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 117–125, 2010
Molecularly Imprinted PHEMA‐Based Cryogel for Depletion of Hemoglobin from Human Blood
Authors: Derazshamshir Ali , Baydemir Gözde , Andac Müge , Say Rıdvan , Galaev Igor Yu , Denizli Adil 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new generation of molecularly imprinted macroporous hydrogels, so‐called cryogels, were prepared for depletion of hemoglobin from human blood. Hb‐PHEMAH cryogels were prepared with gel fraction yields up to 90%, and its morphology and porosity were characterized by FTIR, SEM, swelling studies, flow dynamics and surface area measurements. Selective binding experiments were performed in the presence of competitive proteins Myb and BSA. Hb‐PHEMAH cryogel exhibited a high binding capacity and selectivity for Hb in the presence of Myb and BSA. The selectivity of Hb‐PHEMAH cryogel for Hb was confirmed by HPLC. Hb depletion from blood hemolysate was also studied using SDS‐PAGE. Hb‐PHEMAH cryogel can be reused many times with no apparent decrease in Hb adsorption capacity.magnified image
Complete NMR analysis of oxytocin in phosphate buffer
Authors: Ohno Akiko , Kawasaki Nana , Fukuhara Kiyoshi , Okuda Haruhiro , Yamaguchi Teruhide 
Published: December 2009

AbstractComplete NMR analysis of oxytocin (OXT) in phosphate buffer was elucidated by one‐dimensional (1D)‐ and two‐dimensional (2D)‐NMR techniques, which involve the assignment of peptide amide NH protons and carbamoyl NH2 protons. The 1H15N correlation of seven amide NH protons and three carbamoyl NH2 protons were also shown by HSQC NMR of OXT without 15N enrichment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal nuclear waste burial policy under uncertainty
Authors: Ayong Le Kama Alain , Fodha Mouez 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the optimal nuclear waste burial policy under an uncertainty: the possibility that an accident might occur in the future. The framework is an optimal growth model with pollution disutility. We show, under some conditions on the waste burial policy, that nuclear power may be a long‐term solution for the world energy demand. Under uncertainty on the future safety of the buried waste, the social planner will decide to decrease the rate of waste burying, but the evolution of consumption and hence the evolution of the level of buried waste are ambiguous. Depending on some simple conditions on the balanced growth rate of the economy and on the preference parameters of the households, the optimal amount of buried waste may increase, even if there is a risk of accident in the future. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, structure characterization, and gas sensitive properties of a copolymer of aniline with phenol
Authors: Yang Yongsheng , Ma Yuhong , Yang Wantai 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new kind of conductive copolymers of aniline with phenol was designed and synthesized by using oxidation polymerization and the results showed that the apparent inherent conductivities of the copolymers are in the range of 10−2 to 10−10 S/cm which covers from conductors to insulators. The results showed that the conductivity of the copolymers strongly depends on synthesis conditions, such as reaction time, molar ratios of oxidizer to monomers and aniline to phenol, concentrations of reactants, and reaction temperature. Compared to the conventional (co)polymers of aniline and its derivatives, the magnitudes of the reversible conductivity changes are very significant, about two orders, and get to the maximum readings in about 5 min when they are exposed to ammonia gas, hydrochloric acid gas, and a various vapors of organic compounds, such as methanol, alcohol, acetone, benzene, toluene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, etc. It should be noted that with the introduction of the weak acidic structural units into the polyaniline chains, the copolymers are reversibly responded to both acidic and basic gases promptly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a new lead for in utero fetal pacing
Authors: Boudjemline Younes , Rosenblatt Jonathan , de La Villeon Grégoire , Bénifla Jean‐Louis , Bonnet Damien , Jouannic Jean‐Marie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe results from preliminary studies on fetal pacing preclude an application to the human fetus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of acute fetal cardiac pacing following ultrasound‐guided epicardial anchorage of a new pacing lead dedicated to the fetal heart.MethodsIn 12 pregnant ewes, a needle was placed in contact with cardiac chambers under echo‐guidance. Using the lumen of the needle, a 3‐Fr pacing lead was advanced and fixed on the cardiac wall using a built‐in screw. Pacing was attempted using an external pacing system.ResultsLead insertion was successful in all but one. In the first fetus, the needle was advanced too far into the right ventricle leading to pericardial bleeding. The fetal heart rate was overdriven in all at 220/ min. After assessment, pacing lead was unscrewed and retrieved without any complication. Pregnancy was electively interrupted in six animals. The other six fetuses were delivered vaginally after uneventful pregnancy and autopsy at day 3 did not show any significant injury.ConclusionsTranscutaneous echo‐guided fetal acute pacing is feasible using a specially designed lead. Additional refinement of both the equipments and the operative technique are needed before considering permanent pacing in the human fetus. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective cognitive dysfunction in breast cancer patients: a systematic review
Authors: Pullens Marleen J.J. , De Vries Jolanda , Roukema Jan A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective: Results from studies examining subjective cognitive dysfunctioning (SCD) in breast cancer (BC) patients are unclear. Therefore, this review examined (i) the prevalence of SCD, (ii) the differences between (treatment) groups in SCD, (iii) the course of SCD, (iv) the relationship of SCD with psychological factors, and (v) the relationship between SCD and objective cognitive dysfunctioning (OCD).Methods: Through a systematic literature search, we identified 27 studies concerning SCD in BC patients. The methodological quality of these studies was examined according to predefined criteria. The methodological limitations and heterogeneity across studies were taken into account.Results: Eight studies were graded of high, 12 of moderate, and seven of low quality. Twenty‐one to 90% of the patients reported SCD. The comparison between different (treatment) groups, at different time points of the cancer trajectory, rendered inconclusive evidence regarding the relation of SCD to the cancer itself, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy. SCD and OCD were unrelated, but SCD was associated with psychological distress, fatigue, and health status.Conclusions: SCD does exist in BC patients, but it remains unclear if this is more commonly found in BC patients than in the general population. It is inconclusive if SCD is developed post‐treatment or already exists pretreatment. Since there is a relationship between SCD and anxiety and depression, SCD may be more indicative of emotional distress instead of OCD. Attention toward SCD in future research is warranted in order to draw valid conclusions regarding SCD in BC patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of a novel mechanism for a minimally invasive surgery robot
Authors: Li Jianmin , Wang Shuxin , Wang Xiaofei , He Chao 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive surgery (MIS) has many advantages compared with open surgery, but there are still many drawbacks in performing MIS. Using robotic technologies, many problems caused by human restrictions, such as fatigue and low precision, can be solved. In this paper, a novel mechanism for a MIS robot is proposed.MethodsKinematics analysis was carried out and singularity and isotropy configurations were also investigated, based on kinematics equations. In order to evaluate the performance of the robot, a combined measure gave attention to the mean value and standard deviation of the reciprocal of the condition number. Optimization was achieved by maximizing the combined measure subjected to a set of constraints in the task workspace. The effectiveness of the measure was demonstrated by comparing the performance and volume of the optimized mechanism with those of the mechanism optimized by the Global Condition Index (GCI).ResultsThe robot met the volume constraints with the dimensional parametera≤ 115 mm. The combined measure φ was maximized whenais 100 mm. The robots optimized by the GCI and the combined measure showed similar performance in terms of condition number, but the latter had advantages on volume compared with the former.ConclusionsA novel mechanism that satisfied the incision point constraint of MIS was proposed. A systematic methodology for optimizing the mechanism was developed and the combined measure was effective to evaluate the performance. A prototype was set up based on the outcomes mentioned in the paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of networked control systems with short or long random delays: A new multirate method
Authors: Guan Zhi‐Hong , Yang Chunxi , Huang Jian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the stabilization of a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with time‐varying delay is discussed where the random delay is less than one sensor period or more than one sensor period but bounded. A new multirate method is proposed to formulate the union model for both short and long random delays. Sufficient conditions on the existence of stabilizing controllers are established when the transition probability matrix is known. V‐K iteration approach is employed to calculate the mode‐dependent and mode‐independent state‐feedback gains of NCSs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signalling reputation in international online markets
Authors: Reuber A. Rebecca , Fischer Eileen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough online technology enables young and small firms to gain access to buyers in foreign markets efficiently, it does not overcome the liability of being an unknown seller among a sea of largely unknown firms. In order to internationalize effectively through online markets, such firms need to establish an online reputation within a context where there are a large number of competitors, most of (or all of) are relatively unfamiliar to customers. The purpose of this article is to explore how they might do so. Drawing on economics‐based signalling theory as well as past research in the areas of strategic management, marketing, and MIS, we hypothesize that firm‐controlled reputation signals with credible commitments—price, advertising, and umbrella branding—will impact reputational performance and moderate the impact of user‐generated reputation signals. We test the hypotheses using data collected about software products sold on the Web site Download.com. Our results show that signalling by advertising and umbrella branding affects reputational performance. The article provides insights about signalling in online markets for managers developing reputation‐building strategies, as well as for international entrepreneurship researchers. Copyright © 2009 Strategic Management Society.