bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion of IRE1α in podocytes exacerbates diabetic nephropathy in mice
Authors: Cybulsky Andrey V. , Papillon Joan , Guillemette Julie , Navarro-Betancourt José R. , Chung Chen-Fang , Iwawaki Takao , Fantus I. George 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProtein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of podocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases. Protein misfolding activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), a compensatory signaling network. We address the role of the UPR and the UPR transducer, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in mice. Diabetes caused progressive albuminuria in control mice that was exacerbated in podocyte-specific IRE1α knockout (KO) mice. Compared to diabetic controls, diabetic IRE1α KO mice showed reductions in podocyte number and synaptopodin. Glomerular ultrastructure was altered only in diabetic IRE1α KO mice; the major changes included widening of podocyte foot processes and glomerular basement membrane. Activation of the UPR and autophagy was evident in diabetic control, but not diabetic IRE1α KO mice. Analysis of human glomerular gene expression in the JuCKD-Glom database demonstrated induction of genes associated with the ER, UPR and autophagy in diabetic nephropathy. Thus, mice with podocyte-specific deletion of IRE1α demonstrate more severe diabetic nephropathy and attenuation of the glomerular UPR and autophagy, implying a protective effect of IRE1α. These results are consistent with data in human diabetic nephropathy and highlight the potential for therapeutically targeting these pathways.
A novel nomogram for predicting prolonged mechanical ventilation in lung transplantation patients using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Xuan Chenhao , Gu Jingxiao , Xu Zhongping , Chen Jingyu , Xu Hongyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProlonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is commonly associated with increased post-operative complications and mortality. Nevertheless, the predictive factors of PMV after lung transplantation (LTx) using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge remain unclear. The present study aimed to develop a novel nomogram for PMV prediction in patients using ECMO as a bridge to LTx. A total of 173 patients who used ECMO as a bridge following LTx from January 2022 to June 2023 were divided into the training (122) and validation sets (52). A mechanical ventilation density plot of patients after LTx was then performed. The training set was divided in two groups, namely PMV (95) and non-prolonged ventilation (NPMV) (27). For the survival analysis, the effect of PMV was assessed using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with PMV. A risk nomogram was established based on the multivariate analysis, and model performance was further assessed in terms of calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. Internal validation was additionally conducted. The difference in survival curves in PMV and NPMV groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis and risk factors in the nomogram revealed four factors to be significantly associated with PMV, namely the body mass index (BMI), operation time, lactic acid at T0 (Lac), and driving pressure (DP) at T0. These four factors were used to develop a nomogram, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.852 and good calibration. After internal validation, AUC was 0.789 with good calibration. Furthermore, goodness-of-fit test and decision-curve analysis (DCA) indicated satisfactory performance in the training and internal validation sets. The proposed nomogram can reliably and accurately predict the risk of patients to develop PMV after LTx using ECMO as a bridge. Four modifiable factors including BMI, operation time, Lac, and DP were optimized, which may guide preventative measures and improve prognosis.
On the diverse utility of Cu doped ZnS/Fe3O4 nanocomposites
Authors: Kalantari Shirin , Shokuhfar Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe global water crisis is a growing concern, with water pollution from organic dyes being a significant issue. Photocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable and renewable method for removing organic pollutants from wastewater. The study synthesized innovative (2.5, 5 and 10 wt%) Cu doped zinc sulfide/iron oxide nanocomposites using a sonochemical method, which have versatile applications in adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. The nanocomposites underwent comprehensive characterization using powder X-ray diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky analysis. The synthesized samples demonstrate strong adsorption ability to remove RhB and MB dyes. Afterward, we evaluated their capability to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under UV light exposure. The greatest photocatalytic efficiency was noticed when employing a UV-C lamp in combination with the 10 wt% Cu doped ZnS/Fe3O4 nanocomposite as photocatalyst (98.8% degradation after 60 min irradiation). The Langmuir–Hinshelwood model can be used to describe the pseudo first order kinetics of RhB dye photodegradation. The calculated ban gap values are 4.77, 4.67, and 4.55 eV, for (2.5, 5 and 10 wt%) Cu doped ZnS/Fe3O4, respectively. Furthermore, 10 wt% Cu doped ZnS/Fe3O4 showed good recyclability, with a degradation rate of 89% even after five cycles. Consequently, prepared samples have outstanding photocatalytic activity and can be used as useful adsorbents in water purification.
Lower-extremity inter-joint coordination variability in active individuals with transtibial amputation and healthy males during gait
Authors: Nasri Alireza , Abbasi Ali , Hadavi Zeynab , Abbasi Shahram , Svoboda Zdenek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study was aimed to compare the variability of inter-joint coordination in the lower-extremities during gait between active individuals with transtibial amputation (TTAs) and healthy individuals (HIs). Fifteen active male TTAs (age: 40.6 ± 16.24 years, height: 1.74 ± 0.09 m, and mass: 71.2 ± 8.87 kg) and HIs (age: 37.25 ± 13.11 years, height: 1.75 ± 0.06 m, and mass: 74 ± 8.75 kg) without gait disabilities voluntarily participated in the study. Participants walked along a level walkway covered with Vicon motion capture system, and their lower-extremity kinematics data were recorded during gait. The spatiotemporal gait parameters, lower-extremity joint range of motion (ROM), and their coordination and variability were calculated and averaged to report a single value for each parameter based on biomechanical symmetry assumption in the lower limbs of HIs. Additionally, these parameters were separately calculated and reported for the intact limb (IL) and the prosthesis limb (PL) in TTAs individuals. Finally, a comparison was made between the averaged values in HIs and those in the IL and PL of TTAs subjects. The results showed that the IL had a significantly lower stride length than that of the PL and averaged value in HIs, and the IL had a significantly lower knee ROM and greater stance-phase duration than that of HIs. Moreover, TTAs showed different coordination patterns in pelvis-to-hip, hip-to-knee, and hip-to-ankle couplings in some parts of the gait cycle. It concludes that the active TTAs with PLs walked with more flexion of the knee and hip, which may indicate a progressive walking strategy and the differences in coordination patterns suggest active TTA individuals used different neuromuscular control strategies to adapt to their amputation. Researchers can extend this work by investigating variations in these parameters across diverse patient populations, including different amputation etiologies and prosthetic designs. Moreover, Clinicians can use the findings to tailor rehabilitation programs for TTAs, emphasizing joint flexibility and coordination.
Genome-wide analyses reveals an association between invasive urothelial carcinoma in the Shetland sheepdog and NIPAL1
Authors: Parker Heidi G. , Harris Alexander C. , Plassais Jocelyn , Dhawan Deepika , Kim Erika M. , Knapp Deborah W. , Ostrander Elaine A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNaturally occurring canine invasive urinary carcinoma (iUC) closely resembles human muscle invasive bladder cancer in terms of histopathology, metastases, response to therapy, and low survival rate. The heterogeneous nature of the disease has led to the association of large numbers of risk loci in humans, however most are of small effect. There exists a need for new and accurate animal models of invasive bladder cancer. In dogs, distinct breeds show markedly different rates of iUC, thus presenting an opportunity to identify additional risk factors and overcome the locus heterogeneity encountered in human mapping studies. In the association study presented here, inclusive of 100 Shetland sheepdogs and 58 dogs of other breeds, we identify a homozygous protein altering point mutation within the NIPAL1 gene which increases risk by eight-fold (OR = 8.42, CI = 3.12–22.71), accounting for nearly 30% of iUC risk in the Shetland sheepdog. Inclusion of six additional loci accounts for most of the disease risk in the breed and explains nearly 75% of the phenotypes in this study. When combined with sequence data from tumors, we show that variation in the MAPK signaling pathway is an overarching cause of iUC susceptibility in dogs.
Osimertinib and palbociclib in an EGFR-mutated NSCLC with primary CDK4 amplification after progression under osimertinib
Authors: de Jager Vincent D. , Stigt Jos A. , Niemantsverdriet Maarten , ter Elst Arja , van der Wekken Anthonie J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrecision cancer medicine has changed the treatment paradigm of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with specific molecular aberrations. A major challenge is management of the resistance that tumor cells eventually develop against targeted therapies, either through primary or acquired resistance mechanisms. We report a 61 year-old male patient with metastatic NSCLC harboring an EGFR exon 19 deletion, a PIK3CA mutation, and CDK4 amplification. After an initial partial response to osimertinib as mono-therapy (third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor), the patient had progression of disease after 4 months of treatment and was referred for combined osimertinib and palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) treatment. Though complicated by transient pneumonitis, the patient has an ongoing partial response for > 10 months and has experienced clinical improvement on this treatment regimen. As amplification of CDK4 occurs in ~ 10% of treatment-naïve patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, the successful treatment of our patient with osimertinib and palbociclib may be highly relevant for future patients with NSCLC.
ADA2 regulates inflammation and hematopoietic stem cell emergence via the A2bR pathway in zebrafish
Authors: Brix Alessia , Belleri Laura , Pezzotta Alex , Pettinato Emanuela , Mazzola Mara , Zoccolillo Matteo , Marozzi Anna , Monteiro Rui , Del Bene Filippo , Mortellaro Alessandra , Pistocchi Anna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an inborn error of immunity caused by loss-of-function mutations in the adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) gene. Clinical manifestations of DADA2 include vasculopathy and immuno-hematological abnormalities, culminating in bone marrow failure. A major gap exists in our knowledge of the regulatory functions of ADA2 during inflammation and hematopoiesis, mainly due to the absence of an ADA2 orthologue in rodents. Exploring these mechanisms is essential for understanding disease pathology and developing new treatments. Zebrafish possess two ADA2 orthologues, cecr1a and cecr1b, with the latter showing functional conservation with human ADA2. We establish a cecr1b-loss-of-function zebrafish model that recapitulates the immuno-hematological and vascular manifestations observed in humans. Loss of Cecr1b disrupts hematopoietic stem cell specification, resulting in defective hematopoiesis. This defect is caused by induced inflammation in the vascular endothelium. Blocking inflammation, pharmacological modulation of the A2r pathway, or the administration of the recombinant human ADA2 corrects these defects, providing insights into the mechanistic link between ADA2 deficiency, inflammation and immuno-hematological abnormalities. Our findings open up potential therapeutic avenues for DADA2 patients.
Observation of a phase space horizon with surface gravity water waves
Authors: Rozenman Georgi Gary , Ullinger Freyja , Zimmermann Matthias , Efremov Maxim A. , Shemer Lev , Schleich Wolfgang P. , Arie Ady 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn 1974, Stephen Hawking predicted that quantum effects in the proximity of a black hole lead to the emission of particles and black hole evaporation. At the very heart of this process lies a logarithmic phase singularity which leads to the Bose-Einstein statistics of Hawking radiation. An identical singularity appears in the elementary quantum system of the inverted harmonic oscillator. In this Letter we report the observation of the onset of this logarithmic phase singularity emerging at a horizon in phase space and giving rise to a Fermi-Dirac distribution. For this purpose, we utilize surface gravity water waves and freely propagate an appropriately tailored energy wave function of the inverted harmonic oscillator to reveal the phase space horizon and the intrinsic singularities. Due to the presence of an amplitude singularity in this system, the analogous quantities display a Fermi-Dirac rather than a Bose-Einstein distribution.
The qualified prevalence of natural and planted tropical reforestation
Authors: Sloan Sean 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent satellite estimates suggest that planted tree cover rivals, and possibly exceeds, the area of natural reforestation pantropically, challenging longstanding models of forest change. Such estimates underscore a tension between studies of reforestation as an areal expansion of undifferentiated forest cover versus dynamic land-change processes by which forest variously emerges in transformed states. A review of land-change processes bearing on the nature of reforestation would qualify the relative prevalence of planted tree cover, but with caveats. Planted tree cover would be less than half the nominal extent of natural reforestation if including the 29-61% of natural reforestation re-cleared within 15 years and excluding the 25-50% of planted tree-cover entailing extant forest conversion. Planted tree cover would however be comparable to natural reforestation if also discounting the 31-52% of natural reforestation that similarly follows from forest conversion. Satellite-based estimations of reforestation area may now, and should, incorporate such qualifying land-change processes by borrowing from demographic models of population change and including ‘spurious’ reforestation integral to the broader processes of reforestation of interest.
b value enlightens different rheological behaviour in Campi Flegrei caldera
Authors: Tramelli Anna , Convertito Vincenzo , Godano Cataldo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Campi Flegrei caldera is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world and since 2005 it is in unrest. Here we evaluate the 3D tomography of the b value at the Campi Flegrei volcanic area revealing a very good correlation with the structure of the hydrothermal system involved in the bradiseismic phenomenon. More precisely, we observe the smallest b-values where we expect the higher stress/strain concentration, namely in the caprock, and for the deepest seismicity. Conversely, the largest b values are observed where the porosity of the medium allows the passage of the volcanic gases toward the surface. Values of b close to typical tectonic ones are observed where the presence of faulting structures is well documented.
Solar thermal energy-assisted direct capture of CO2 from ambient air for methanol synthesis
Authors: Li Shuangjun , Chen Runkai , Wang Junyao , Deng Shuai , Zhou Hui , Fang Mengxiang , Zhang Huiyan , Yuan Xiangzhou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolar thermal energy-assisted direct air capture (DAC) is widely considered as a novel carbon-negative technical route, innovatively enabling an effective removal of CO2 directly from ambient air. Here, we introduce an advanced concept that involves the conversion of CO2 captured by the solar thermal energy-assisted DAC into liquid methanol, simultaneously mitigating climate change and supplying green chemicals. This concept revolves around a well-considered integration of existing systems, and we emphasize key technologies for capturing, separating, and utilizing CO2 in this integrated system. Advances in Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) based-DAC are reviewed, while the utilization of solar thermal energy further ensures the carbon-negative nature of DAC. Upcycling CO2 captured by DAC into value-added methanol adds both environmental benefits and economic feasibilities, which is also beneficial to achievinga circular carbon economy. The current status, ongoing developments, and anticipated future trends in this technology integration are timely addressed, the considerable application potential of integrated system is also comprehensively discussed.
Radiologic Outcomes after Operative Management of Traumatic Spine Fractures: Stand-Alone Posterior Stabilization versus Combined Anteroposterior Approach
Authors: Mulhem Ali , Omran Ziad , Hammersen Stefanie , Kantelhardt Sven Rainer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Previous research emphasizes correcting deformities resulting from spine fractures by restoring sagittal alignment and vertebral height. This study aims to compare radiologic outcomes, including sagittal index (SI) and loss of vertebral body height (LVBH), between stand-alone posterior stabilization (group I) and the posteroanterior/combined approach (group II) in the operative management of traumatic thoracic or lumbar spine fractures.
Methods In this retrospective single-center study, all patients with traumatic spine fractures (T1–L5) undergoing surgical stabilization between January 1, 2015, and May 31, 2021, were included. Two spine surgeons independently assessed imaging, recording the SI and LVBH values at baseline, after each surgical intervention, and during follow-up (at least 3 months posttreatment). The mean SI and LVBH values between the assessing surgeons were utilized. Linear mixed-effects regression models, adjusted to baseline values, compared the SI and the LVBH values between the two groups.
Results In all, 71 patients (42 men), with the median age of 38 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 28–54) and median follow-up of 4 months (IQR: 3–17), were included. Thirty-two patients were in group I and 39 patients were in group II. Forty fractures included the thoracolumbar junction (T12 or L1), 15 affected the thoracic spine, and 14 the lumbar spine. The regression model revealed superior sagittal alignment in group II, with an adjusted mean difference for SI of –4.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: –7.13 to –1.36; p = 0.004), and enhanced restoration of vertebral body height with an adjusted mean difference for LVBH of 0.11 in the combined approach (95% CI: 0.02–0.20; p = 0.02). Nine postoperative complications occurred in the entire cohort (4 in group I and 5 in group II).
Conclusions Combined posteroanterior stabilization for spine fractures improves deformities by enhancing sagittal alignment and increasing vertebral body height, with acceptable morbidity compared with the stand-alone posterior approach.
Role of Ga68 Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in Prostate Cancer Imaging
Authors: Amalachandran Jaykanth , Sivathapandi Thangalakshmi , Gunasekaran Gopinathraj 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe introduction of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in clinical practice has revolutionized the evaluation of biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer after curative-intent treatment. The high expression of this glycoprotein in prostate cancer cells makes PSMA imaging superior to the current conventional staging methods, namely bone scanning and computed tomography. The high capability of PSMA imaging for identifying very small previously undetected lesions has been widely demonstrated in the literature, leading to a rethinking of patient management by treating physicians. The usual and predictable patterns of spread in prostate cancer are still more prevalent, such as spread to pelvic lymph nodes and bone metastasis, but different patterns of disease spread are becoming more commonly recognized with higher reliability because PSMA imaging allows the detection of more usual and unusual lesions than conventional imaging. The expanding use of PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) has also revealed PSMA ligand uptake in diverse nonprostatic diseases, which raised questions about the specificity of this imaging modality. It is important for the reading physician to recognize and understand the usual disease spread, the most prevalent unusual sites of relapse, and the nonprostatic conditions which are PSMA avid not only to heighten the relevancy of reports but also to improve imaging consultancy in multispecialty oncologic practice. This article aims to brief the role of PSMA PET in the initial staging of multitude of clinical scenarios, BCR, castration-resistant prostate cancer, usual and unusual patterns of recurrence and metastatic spread diagnosed with PSMA PET, normal variants, pitfalls, and nonprostatic disorders showing PSMA expression.
Research on online monitoring method for time-varying tension in transmission lines based on operational modal response
Authors: Liu Zhicheng , Zhao Long , Wen Guanru , Wang Jingyao , Wang Jiameng , Huang Xinbo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The cumulative overload of conductor tension under severe weather conditions is an important cause of accelerated fatigue fracture of transmission lines. Traditional tension measurement methods require the replacement of ball head hanging rings, which poses safety risks. In this paper, a method for monitoring conductor tension based on acceleration data under operating conditions is proposed. Firstly, a modal order extraction based method for identifying the modal frequencies of conductor operation is proposed, and then the time-varying tension of the conductor is estimated based on the instantaneous modal frequencies. Since this method directly installs sensors on the conductor, there is a certain error in the obtained intrinsic characteristic data of the conductor. Therefore, a modal correction method is used to remove the influence of the sensors. The accuracy of modal identification, modal correction, and tension identification methods is verified through finite element models. Based on the above methods, a monitoring system for conductor tension status is designed, and the feasibility of this system is verified through experiments. Finally, the vibration data obtained from the field engineering pilot test is successfully used for conductor tension analysis. The results show that the proposed method can effectively identify time-varying tension and provide a new approach for monitoring the status of transmission line conductors.