bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A biomechanical comparison of 3.5 locking compression plate fixation to 3.5 limited contact dynamic compression plate fixation in a canine cadaveric distal humeral metaphyseal gap model
Authors: Lanz O. , McLaughlin R. , Elder S. , Werre S. , Filipowicz D. 
Published: June 2009

Summary3.5 locking compression plate (LCP) fixation was compared to 3.5 limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) fixation in a canine cadaveric, distal humeral metaphyseal gap model. Thirty paired humeri from adult, large breed dogs were separated into equal groups based on testing: static compression, cyclic compression, and cyclic torsion. Humeral constructs stabilized with LCP were significantly stiffer than those plated with LCDCP when loaded in static axial compression (P = 0.0004). When cyclically loaded in axial compression, the LCP constructs were significantly less stiff than the LC-DCP constructs (P = 0.0029). Constructs plated with LCP were significantly less resistant to torsion over 500 cycles than those plated with LC-DCP (P<0.0001). The increased stiffness of LCP constructs in monotonic loading compared to constructs stabilised with non-locking plates may be attributed to the stability afforded by the plate-screw interface of locking plates. The LCP constructs demonstrated less stiffness in dynamic testing in this model, likely due to plate-bone offset secondary to non-anatomic contouring and occasional incomplete seating of the locking screws when using the torque-limiting screw driver. Resolution of these aspects of LCP application may help improve the stiffness of fixation in fractures modeled by the experimental set-up of this investigation.
Pressure distribution between the deep digital flexor tendon and the navicular bone, and the effect of raising the heels in vitro
Authors: Shaw D.J. , Munaiwa G. , FitzPatrick D.P. , Bellenger C.R. , Weaver M.P. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to topo-graphically map pressure distribution across the palmar surface of the navicular bone in response to forces applied by the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), and evaluate the effect of raising the heels in vitro. A rig was constructed to hold an equine cadaver limb and apply controlled pressure to the navicular bone from the DDFT. Pressure-sensitive paper was used to quantify and map the resultant pressure. Changes in response to heel wedges (5° and 10°) were recorded. The areas subject to maximum pressure from the DDFT were: the central ridge, the paired symmetrical areas adjacent to the ridge and the distal edge of the palmar bone surface. These regions correspond to the known sites of navicular pathology. Heel wedges redistributed the pressure exerted on the palmar surface of the navicular bone, with measurements varying depending on fetlock angle and wedge angle. These in vitro results support the hypothesis that inappropriate forces exerted via the DDFT on the bone cause navicular disease. However, they throw doubt on the practice of shoeing such horses with heel wedges as the redistribution of pressure may increase the force exerted on regions predisposed to disease.
Effect of bending direction on the mechanical behaviour of interlocking nail systems
Authors: Guillou R. P. , Ting D. , Sinnott M. T. , Meyer E. , Haut R. C. , Déjardin L. M. 
Published: June 2009

Summary
Objectives: To compare the mechanical properties of various interlocking nail constructs in medio-lateral (ML) and cranio-caudal (CC) bending. Methods: Synthetic bone models simulating a severely comminuted tibial fracture were treated with either screwed or bolted, 6 or 8 mm standard interlocking nails (ILN), or an angle-stable ILN (AS-ILN), after which they were then sequentially tested in ML and CC bending. Construct compliance, maximum angular deformation (MaxDef) and slack were statistically compared (p<0.05).
Results: The compliance of all constructs was significantly greater in CC than in ML bending. However, due to the presence of a greater slack in the ML plane, standard ILN constructs sustained significantly more deformation in that plane. Maximum deformation of the novel AS-ILN constructs was the smallest of all constructs and consistently occurred without slack regardless of bending direction. Clinical significance: This study suggested that standard ILN construct overall deformation and acute instability (slack) may be more critical in ML than in CC bending. Conversely, the small MaxDef and the absence of slack in both bending planes seen in novel angle-stable AS-ILN may provide optimal construct stability and in turn may be more conducive to bone healing.
A preliminary retrospective survey of injuries occurring in dogs participating in canine agility
Authors: Hall C. , Trentacosta N. , Percival M. , Levy I. 
Published: June 2009

Summary
Objectives: Little is known about the risks of injury to dogs participating in the relatively new sport of canine agility. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that put the participating dog at risk as well as determine the anatomical sites that were most commonly injured.
Methods: A retrospective survey using a paper and web-based data collection instrument was used to evaluate dogs participating in the sport of canine agility.
Results: Of the 1627 dogs included in the study, 33% were injured, and of those 58% were injured in competition. Most injuries occurred on dry outdoor surfaces. Border Collies were the most commonly injured, and injuries were in excess of what would be expected from their exposure. For all dogs, soft tissue injuries were most common. The shoulders and backs of dogs were most commonly injured. Dogs were most commonly injured by contact with an obstacle. The A-frame, dogwalk and bar jump obstacles were responsible for nearly two-thirds of injuries that resulted from contact with the obstacle.
Conclusions: Border Collies are at higher risk for injury than would be expected from their exposure. The A-frame, dogwalk and bar jump obstacles put the shoulders and backs of dogs at risk.
Clinical Relevance: For the first time, this study gives us insight into injuries occurring in dogs participating in canine agility. This will help direct prospective studies that evaluate the safety of individual obstacles, direct rule changes and enable practitioners to understand the risks of the sport.
Does Osgood-Schlatter Disease exist in the dog?
Authors: DeCamp C. E. , Diegel K. L. , Gholve P. A. , Probst C. W. , Déjardin L. M. , Pfeil von 
Published: June 2009

SummaryOsgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is a condition affecting human adolescents in which there is partial separation of bone fragments from the tibial tuberosity at the site of insertion of the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity. Tensile trauma seems to be the most likely aetiology. Clinical signs in people consist of swelling and pain at the proximal part of the tibial tuberosity and around the distal end of patellar ligament. Radiographs frequently show small ossicles at the patellar ligament insertion. Conservative treatment is usually curative. The term OSD has also been used for the canine patient. However, radiographs of these patients typically show an enlarged radio-lucent line at the apophyseal plate of the tibial tuberosity. This finding is consistent with a mild avulsion fracture of the canine tibial tuberosity. Based on the radiographic differences between the two species, it seems more appropriate to use the term OSD only for people. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on OSD in people and the reports of injuries to the proximal tibial tuberosity in dogs. In addition, a new classification system for tibial tuberosity avulsion injuries in the immature dog is proposed, with an algorithm for management of this injury.
Surgical approaches for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in dogs
Authors: Lewis D. D. , Pozzi A. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryFracture stabilisation techniques continue to evolve and to provide approaches which minimise the iatrogenic trauma associated with surgery. Minimally invasive plate osteo-synthesis (MIPO) is a recently described method of biological internal fixation performed by introducing a bone plate via small insertional incisions that are made remote to the fracture site. The plate is slid adjacent to the bone in an epiperiosteal tunnel connecting the two insertional incisions. Screws are placed in the plate through the insertional incisions or via additional stab incisions made over the holes in the plate. In this paper we describe the surgical approaches used to perform MIPO in humeral, radial, fe-moral and tibial fractures in dogs. We found that these approaches allowed safe insertion of the plate without grossly damaging neuro-vascular structures. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical outcome of MIPO in dogs.
Feline shoulder arthroscopy using a caudolateral portal, a cadaveric study
Authors: Ridge P. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryThe aim of this cadaveric study was to determine the normal arthroscopic anatomy of the feline shoulder from a caudolateral arthroscope portal, to compare this with the gross anatomy evident upon dissection, and to determine the degree of iatrogenic trauma caused by the arthroscopy. A 1.9 mm, 30° fore oblique arthroscope via a caudolateral portal, and a 21-gauge needle via a cranio-lateral egress portal were used to assess intra-articular structures in eight feline cadaveric shoulders. The medial glenohumeral ligament was shown to be a single banded structure in the craniomedial compartment, and the subscapularis muscle tendon of insertion was visible in all eight shoulders. The biceps brachii tendon and sheath could be examined, although the transverse humeral ligament was not evident arthroscopically from this portal. The lateral glenohumeral ligament was not demonstrated arthroscopically, although a well-defined capsular thickening was present on dissection. No significant neurovascular trauma was evident after arthroscopy.
Traumatic fragmented medial coronoid process in a Chihuahua
Authors: Wheeler J. L. , Manley P. A. , Hadley H. S. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryFragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP) is a disease process that has not previously been reported in toy-breed dogs. This report describes a presumptive case of FMCP in a 14-month-old Chihuahua that was presented for evaluation approximately four weeks following acute onset of moderate lameness in the left forelimb. Definitive diagnosis of a fragmented medial coronoid process was based upon computed tomography (CT) scan. A CT scan also demonstrated moderate joint incongruity in the affected elbow. Surgical removal of the fragment and subtotal coronoidectomy were performed via a medial arthrotomy. An ulnar ostectomy was also performed to address joint incongruity. Histology of specimens removed at surgery did not demonstrate evidence of microdamage as characteristic of FMCP in large breed dogs, and instead, suggested that the fracture was acute and traumatic in nature. Rapid return to function was observed following surgery.
Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in an alpaca
Authors: Girard N. M. , O’Riordan J. , Fitzpatrick N. , Smith T. J. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryIn this report, a case of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture treated by tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), in a 36-month-old male breeding alpaca, is described. The alpaca was presented with the complaint of acute onset of right pelvic limb lameness. The findings of our clinical and radiographic examinations were consistent with CrCL insufficiency of the right stifle joint. The right tibial plateau angle measured prior to surgery was 19°. A TPLO was performed and this eliminated cranial tibial thrust. Culture of a swab taken from the surgical site prior to wound closure was positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enrofloxacin was administered parenterally for two weeks postoperatively. There were not any clinical signs of infection noted. Outcome assessments included veterinary examination (two and six weeks) and owner assessment (28 months). At two weeks the animal walked with a grade 2/5 lameness, and at six weeks radiographic examination showed progression of bone healing at the site of tibial osteotomy. A return to full breeding fitness occurred by eight weeks after the surgery. The alpaca remained free from lameness 28 months later, according to the owner.
Appendicular fracture repair in dogs using the locking compression plate system: 47 cases
Authors: Sjöström L. , Devor M. , Haug A. , Haaland P. J. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryThe locking compression plate (LCP) has combination screw holes, making it possible to use the implant in three different ways; as a pure internal fixator using locking head screws, as a conventional compression plate using compression screws, or as a hybrid of the two. The experience with the LCP system in veterinary fracture repair is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of appendicular fractures in dogs, which were repaired with the LCP system combined with less invasive surgical techniques. Medical records and radiographs from 47 dogs were studied retrospectively. Thirty-four percent of the fractures were simple, six percent wedge and 60% comminuted fractures of the humerus (11 %), radius and ulna (30 %), femur (34 %) and of the tibia and fibula (25 %). The fractures were treated using the LCP as an internal fixator; in some cases as a plate and rod construct. Forty-six of 47 fractures reached radiographic union. Mean healing time of the fractures was seven weeks (95% confidence interval from 5.8 to 8.3 weeks). There were statistically significant differences in healing time between juvenile (age under one year) and adults. Complications in the form of implant failures and infections were encountered in approximately 11% of the cases. All implant failures were due to surgical errors. The LCP system in combination with a less invasive surgical approach was found advantageous in comminuted fractures where the LCP was used as a bridging plate, in situations when exact plate contouring was difficult, and when other implants prevented the use of bi-cortical screws.
Giant trochanteric pressure sore: Use of a pedicled chimeric perforator flap for cover
Authors: Mehrotra Sandeep 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPressure sores are increasing in frequency commensurate with an ageing population with multi-system disorders and trauma. Numerous classic options are described for providing stable wound cover. With the burgeoning knowledge on perforator anatomy, recent approaches focus on the use of perforator-based flaps in bedsore surgery. A giant neglected trochanteric pressure sore in a paraplegic is presented. Since conventional options of reconstruction appeared remote, the massive ulcer was successfully managed by a chimeric perforator-based flap. The combined muscle and fasciocutaneous flaps were raised as separate paddles based on the anterolateral thigh perforator branches and provided stable cover without complications. Perforators allow versatility in managing complex wounds without compromising on established principles.
Observation of a 2D Electron Gas and the Tuning of the Electrical Conductance of ZnO Nanowires by Controllable Surface Band‐Bending
Authors: Hu Youfan , Liu Yang , Li Wenliang , Gao Min , Liang Xuelei , Li Quan , Peng Lian‐Mao 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDirect experimental evidence for the existence of a 2D electron gas in devices based on ZnO nanowires (NWs) is presented. A two‐channel core/shell model is proposed for the interpretation of the temperature‐dependent current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the ZnO NW, where a mixed metallic–semiconducting behavior is observed. The experimental results are quantitatively analyzed using a weak‐localization theory, and suggest that the NW is composed of a “bulk” semiconducting core with a metallic surface accumulation layer, which is basically a 2D electron gas in which the electron–phonon inelastic scattering is much weaker than the electron–electron inelastic scattering. A series of I–V measurements on a single NW device are carried out by alternating the atmosphere (vacuum, H2, vacuum, O2), and a reversible change in the conductance from metallic to semiconducting is achieved, indicating the surface accumulation layer is likely hydroxide‐induced. Such results strongly support the two‐channel model and demonstrate the controllable tuning of the ZnO NW electrical behavior via surface band‐bending.
Alkylzinc‐Mediated Addition of Alkynes to N‐Tosylaldimines: Enantioselective Synthesis of (E)‐(2‐En‐3‐ynyl)‐amines
Authors: Yin Chao , Hu Xiu‐Qin , Hui Xin‐Ping , Xu Peng‐Fei 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn alkylzinc‐mediated simple and efficient procedure for the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of N‐tosyl‐(E)‐(2‐en‐3‐ynyl)‐amines has been developed. The method works well with various N‐tosylaldimines and alkynes.
Measured occupational solar UVR exposures of lifeguards in pool settings
Authors: Gies Peter , Glanz Karen , O'Riordan David , Elliott Tom , Nehl Eric 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to measure ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposures of lifeguards in pool settings and evaluate their personal UVR protective practices.MethodsLifeguards (n = 168) wore UVR sensitive polysulfone (PS) film badges in wrist bracelets on 2 days and completed a survey and diary covering sun protection use. Analyses were used to describe sun exposure and sun protection practices, to compare UVR exposure across locations, and to compare findings with recommended threshold limits for occupational exposure.ResultsThe measured UVR exposures varied with location, ranging from high median UVR exposures of 6.2 standard erythemal doses (SEDs) to the lowest median of 1.7 SEDs. More than 74% of the lifeguards' PS badges showed UVR above recommended threshold limits for occupational exposure. Thirty‐nine percent received more than four times the limit and 65% of cases were sufficient to induce sunburn. The most common protective behaviors were wearing sunglasses and using sunscreen, but sun protection was often inadequate.ConclusionsAt‐risk individuals were exposed to high levels of UVR in excess of occupational limits and though appropriate types of sun protection were used, it was not used consistently and more than 50% of lifeguards reported being sunburnt at least twice during the previous year. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:645–653, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Titelbild: A Microfluidic Approach to Chemically Driven Assembly of Colloidal Particles at Gas–Liquid Interfaces (Angew. Chem. 29/2009)
Authors: Park Jai Il , Nie Zhihong , Kumachev Alexander , Abdelrahman Ahmed I. , Binks Bernard P. , Stone Howard A. , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemisch vermittelt werden bei dem von E. Kumacheva et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 5404 ff. vorgestellten Mikrofluidikansatz partikelbedeckte Bläschen erzeugt. Dabei wird das schnelle und steuerbare Auflösen von CO2‐Bläschen in einer Dispersion carboxylierter Partikel genutzt. Die lokale Erhöhung des pH‐Werts des Mediums in der Nähe der Bläschen bewirkt eine Änderung der Oberflächenenergie der Partikel und ihre Abscheidung an der Gas‐flüssig‐Grenzfläche.magnified image
Epoxide‐Opening Cascades in the Synthesis of Polycyclic Polyether Natural Products
Authors: Vilotijevic Ivan , Jamison Timothy F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe structural featuresof polycyclic polyether natural products can, in some cases, be traced to their biosynthetic origin. However in case that are less well understood, only biosynthetic pathways that feature dramatic, yet speculative, epoxide‐opening cascades are proposed. We summarize how such epoxide‐opening cascade reactions have been used in the synthesis of polycyclic polyethers (see scheme) and related natural products.magnified imageThe group of polycyclic polyether natural products is of special interest owing to the fascinating structure and biological effects displayed by its members. The latter includes potentially therapeutic antibiotic, antifungal, and anticancer properties, and extreme lethality. The polycyclic structural features of this class of compounds can, in some cases, be traced to their biosynthetic origin, but in others that are less well understood, only to proposed biosynthetic pathways that feature dramatic, yet speculative, epoxide‐opening cascades. In this review we summarize how such epoxide‐opening cascade reactions have been used in the synthesis of polycyclic polyethers and related natural products.
Separation of oil and carotenes from palm oil mill effluent by adsorption chromatography with silica based adsorbent
Authors: Ahmad A. L. , Chan C. Y. , Abd Shukor S. R. , Mashitah M. D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMalaysia is an agricultural country and the major polluting industrial effluents have been from palm oil industry. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a liquid waste which causes a significant impact on the environment if it is not dealt properly. POME contains oil and carotenes that need to be treated before discharge. Owing to the readily available source of POME and growing demand of carotenes, the objective of this paper is to recover the carotenes from POME whilst tackling the environmental problem. In this study, solvent extraction is used to retrieve oil from POME and adsorption chromatography is further adopted to recover the carotenes contained in the oil. Residual oil extracted from POME in this study was about 5000 mg/L in a single stage solvent extraction. The carotenes content in recovered oil was about 450 ppm. Synthetic adsorbent with silica based material was used in the adsorption chromatography. Carotenes was concentrated to about 25 times of the concentration in the recovered oil by adsorption chromatography. Carotenes recovery was found to be depended on the process conditions. Different types of solvent, column temperatures and initial loading volumes were evaluated to determine the effects on the percentage of carotenes extracted and carotenes concentration. The suitable temperature for adsorption process was 40 °C. Carotenes was successfully concentrated from the recovered oil by adsorption chromatography process. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing a new collection‐evaluation method: Mapping and the user‐side h‐index
Authors: Kim Pan Jun , Lee Jae Yun , Park Ji‐Hong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study proposes a new visualization method and index for collection evaluation. Specifically, it develops a network‐based mapping technique and a user‐focused Hirsch index (user‐side h‐index) given the lack of previous studies on collection evaluation methods that have used the h‐index. A user‐side h‐index is developed and compared with previous indices (use factor, difference of percentages, collection‐side h‐index) that represent the strengths of the subject classes of a library collection. The mapping procedure includes the subject‐usage profiling of 63 subject classes and collection‐usage map generations through the pathfinder network algorithm. Cluster analyses are then conducted upon the pathfinder network to generate 5 large and 14 small clusters. The nodes represent the strengths of the subject‐class usages reflected by the user‐side h‐index. The user‐side h‐index was found to have advantages (e.g., better demonstrating the real utility of each subject class) over the other indices. It also can more clearly distinguish the strengths between the subject classes than can collection‐side h‐index. These results may help to identify actual usage and strengths of subject classes in library collections through visualized maps. This may be a useful rationale for the establishment of the collection‐development plan.