bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition-induced phase transition in a [Ag2HgI4:0.2AgI] mixed composite system doped with CuI
Authors: Noorussaba  , Ahmad Afaq 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A novel composite superionic system, [Ag2HgI4:0.2AgI]:xCuI, (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mol. wt.%), was prepared and [Ag2HgI4:0.2AgI] mixed system was used as the host. Electrical conductivity was measured to study the transition behavior at frequencies of 100 Hz, 120 Hz, 1 kHz, and 10 kHz in the temperature range 90°–170°C by a Gen Rad 1659 RLC Digibridge. Sharp increase in conductivity was observed for β-α phase transitions. As a result of increase in the dopant-to-host ratio, the conductivity of the system exhibited Arrhenius (thermally activated)-type behavior. X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) studies confirmed the doping effect on the transition in the host, the phase transition temperature increased with an increase in the dopant concentration. Activation energies for the system in eV both for the pretransition and post-transition phase transformations are reported. The addition of CuI to [Ag2HgI4:0.2AgI] shifted the phase transition of the host [Ag2HgI4:0.2AgI], due to an interaction between [Ag2HgI4:0.2AgI] and CuI.
Carotid Endarterectomies in Latvia
Authors: Ivanova Patricija , Kikule Ilga , Krievins Dainis , Zvirgzdins Vitalijs , Lietuvietis Edvins , Thor Svetlana , Sprudzans Gatis 
Published: August 2010

Carotid Endarterectomies in Latvia
Introduction. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a treatment of choice for significant carotid stenosis, and it has an important role in stroke prophylaxis, that is proved in many trials all over the world. Aim of the study. To evaluate preoperative diagnostic methods, risk factors and co-morbidities, operation results for patients undergoing CEA in Latvia. To analyze used anaesthasia and operation technique in CEA in Latvia. To reflect carotid endarterecomy results that depends from chosen operation technique. Materials and methods. 317 patients were included in the retrospective study from January 1st till December 31st, 2008. Patient charts were evaluated for information about history of disease and other comorbidities, preoperative investigation, operation and early postoperative period followed by protocol. All patients were divided into three groups depending on type of endarterectomy (CEA with primary suture, with patch or eversion CEA). Results. In 59% cases carotid disease were asymptomatic. Computer tomography angiography (CTA) and duplex ultrasound were the most common diagnostic methods to evaluate carotid stenosis. 339 carotid endarterectomies were performed, where CEA with primary suture was used in 56.2% of cases (group 1). There were no significant diferences in patient atherosclerotic risks factors, comorbidities, preoperative investigation methods, time of surgery and complications rate between the groups. Conclusions. In Latvia carotid endarterectomy is carried out mostly in classical conventional tecniques and arteriotomy is being closed with a primary suture.
Clinical, Radiographic and Pathohistological Outcomes of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Ceramics and Dental Implants in Atrophic Posterior Maxilla
Authors: Salms Girts , Skagers Andrejs , Zigurs Guntis , Locs Janis , Berzina-Cimdina Liga , Feldmane Laila 
Published: August 2010

Clinical, Radiographic and Pathohistological Outcomes of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Ceramics and Dental Implants in Atrophic Posterior Maxilla
Introduction. Implant based prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with atrophic edentulous posterior maxilla has necessity in reinforcement of alveolar bone using different bone substitutes. It is important to evaluate late outcomes in integration of synthetic HAp as biomaterial in chemical composition close to main natural bone mineral component in elevated maxillary sinus floor and osseointegration of dental implants. Aim of the study. To evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of one stage maxillary sinus floor augmentation with synthetic HAp granules and dental implant insertion, mineralization degree of residual bone and augmented sinus part, morphological analysis of biopsies from HAp/host tissue hybrid and residual alveolar bone was performed. Materials and methods. One stage maxillary sinus floor elevation with synthetic HAp granules and 147 SEMADOS (BEGO) dental implant insertions in 70 patients were included in this study. Clinical and radiograph analyzes by dental X-rays, digital orthopantomogramms, quantitative radiodensitometry after 3 and 5 years was done. Trephine biopsies of residual alveolar bone and elevated part of maxillary sinus 6 months after implantation was done in 30 cases. Results. During this period 6 implants (4.2%) were lost. We found the decrease of radiodensity in HAp augmentated maxillary sinus area and increase of radiodensity in the area of residual alveolar bone. In biopsies after 6 months biomaterial/host tissue hybrid consisted of small bone trabecules, fibrous tissue and granules of irregular shape without inflammatory cells. Slow degradation of HAp granules by activity of osteoclast like macrophages was observed. Conclusions. Osseointegration was lost in 4.2% of inserted in augmented maxillary sinus implants. Radiodensitometry showed decrease of optical density in augmented sinus part and increase in residual alveolar bone. In biopsies of host tissue/biomaterial hybrid was bone newformation, connective tissue and biodegradation of HAp granules by osteoclast like cells.
Primary Cardiac Tumours in Infancy and Youth in the Small Population: a Seven Year Review
Authors: Elina Teivane , Vita Zidere , Aris Lacis 
Published: August 2010

Primary Cardiac Tumours in Infancy and Youth in the Small Population: a Seven Year Review
Introduction. Primary tumours of the heart are rare in fetuses, neonates and children; the incidence varies from 0.003% - 0.08% (4, 6, 9, 10) up to 0.2% in children referred for cardiac examination (3, 15). Rhabdomyoma is the most common cardiac tumour during fetal life (60-75%). Teratoma is less common (14 to 19%) with fibroma, myxoma, hemangioma also being described (3, 4, 6, 10, 16, and 18). Multiple rhabdomyomas are associated with tuberous sclerosis in up to 90-95% of cases (3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, and 16). No previous study was done on this topic in Latvia so our aim was to determine the incidence, the course and the outcome of primary cardiac tumours in children in our small population. Aim of the study. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of primary cardiac tumours in our paediatric population, to investigate the nature of the pathology, the course and the outcome of the disease in childhood in Latvia and to compare our results with data from the international literature. Materials and methods. We reviewed retrospectively the clinical, echocardiographic, operative, histological and follow-up data on 17 cases of a primary heart tumours detected within the period of January 1, 2000 till December 31, 2006 in the Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery of the University Children's Hospital in Riga, Latvia. Results. the incidence of primary heart tumours in the paediatric population in Latvia is 2.4+/-1.4 cases per year. 94% (16) of the primary cardiac tumours in children were benign and 6% (1) malignant. Radical excision performed in all 7 cases of surgical treatment. Rhabdomyomas comprise 47% (n=8) of all the benign tumours with tuberous sclerosis present in 88% of the cases. Conclusions. Most primary cardiac fetal tumours tend to appear in the third trimester of pregnancy, a normal early fetal scan might not rule out cardiac tumours. Relatively often (29% of the cases) the cardiac tumours were an incidental finding. The localization, number and visual appearance of the tumours in echocardiography was indicative of the type of tumour. 41% of the patients with primary cardiac tumours were in need of urgent surgical treatment. Almost all benign primary cardiac tumours were not the cause of death and with the exception of tuberous sclerosis there is good overall prognosis, in the case of malignant primary cardiac tumour the prognosis is poor.
The New Injury Severity Score: Availability in E valuation of Severity of Polytrauma Patients with Orthopaedic Injuries
Authors: Jakusonoka Ruta , Jumtins Andris , Pavare Zane 
Published: August 2010

The New Injury Severity Score: Availability in E valuation of Severity of Polytrauma Patients with Orthopaedic Injuries
Significant number of patients with multiple injuries are registered every year in Latvia. In 2009 during seven months 298 patients with multiple trauma are registered. In the most of the cases cause of multiple injuries are road accidents (Health Statistics and Medical Technologies State Agency, Latvia). Using of the simple modification of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) - the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) - makes possibility to better assess the patients with multiple injuries, particularly patients with orthopaedic injuries, predict resources for treatment, the outcome and functional results.
Local Anaesthetics: What Can We Expect More than Pain Relief?
Authors: Golubovska Iveta , Studers Peteris , Vanags Indulis 
Published: August 2010

Local Anaesthetics: What Can We Expect More than Pain Relief?
This problem - solving article considers positive and negative non-analgesic actions of local anaesthetics, which may play a significant role in patient morbidity and mortality. Direct impact on inflammatory and immune substances and cells leads to antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating and systemic functions of numerous local anaesthetics. Local anaesthetics used perioperatively locally in continuous infusions or in systemic circulation reach and maintain safe and effective rates, but myotoxic and tissue growth inhibiting effect should be taken in account.
Teenager with Rosette-Forming Glioneural Tumour of the Fourth Ventricle: Case Study of a Rare Tumour
Authors: Apskalne Daina , Bicans Karlis , Gavrilins Dmitrijs 
Published: August 2010

Teenager with Rosette-Forming Glioneural Tumour of the Fourth Ventricle: Case Study of a Rare Tumour
We report the case of uncommon rare tumour of the fourth ventricle in young person. This diagnosis is included to WHO classification only in 2007. Tumour was identified by the MR imaging, later on surgically removed with post-operative MRI control scan. Diagnosis-rosette-forming tumour of the fourth ventricle- was confirmed both morphologically and immunohistochemically.
Congenital Long QT Syndrome in an Infant
Authors: Lacis Aris , Lace Inga , Teivane Elina , Knauere Vita , Lubaua Inguna , Bergmane Inta , Ozolins Valts , Smits Lauris , Sikora Normunds 
Published: August 2010

Congenital Long QT Syndrome in an Infant
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a disorder of myocardial repolarization characterized by prolonged QT interval on ECG with prevalence close to 1/3000-1/5000. LQTS is characterized by the occurrence of syncopal episodes due to torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia (VT) and by a high risk for sudden cardiac death among untreated patients (1, 2, 3). In 12% of patients with LQTS, sudden death is the first manifestation of the disease and only in 4% this happens in the first year of life (2). There is consensus that all symptomatic children with LQTS should be treated with β-blockers which are effective in preventing cardiac events and reducing mortality in 70%, but do not protect patients from sudden death completely (1,2,3,4). The prognosis is poor in untreated patients with annual mortality 20% and 10 year mortality up to 50% (1, 2). Here we present a case of relatively rare congenital heart rhythm disorders in an infant which required immediate treatment.
Patient Education Based on Principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for a Patient With Persistent Low Back Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Rundell Sean D. , Davenport Todd E. 
Published: August 2010

Study Design Case report. Background Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective intervention for patients with persistent pain. Recent research indicates that physical therapists self-perceive a lack of knowledge, skills, and time to provide this intervention. The purpose of this case report is to describe how specific CBT strategies can be integrated with multimodal physical therapist management of a patient with persistent low back pain. Case Description The patient was a 70-year-old female with activity limitations of walking, standing, and forward bending. Oswestry Disability Questionnaire score was 19/50 and Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire physical activity subscale was 23/24. The Low Back Activity Confidence Scale revealed 19%, 100%, and 84% for function, symptom self-regulation, and exercise, respectively. CBT-based patient education was provided in combination with manual therapy and exercise. CBT techniques included cognitive restructuring, goal setting, activity pacing, problem-solving strategies, graded exposure, encouraging exposure to pleasant experiences, and maintenance strategies. Outcomes The patient was discharged after 7 visits distributed over 21 weeks. Her Oswestry Disability Questionnaire score was reduced 10% and Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire physical activity subscale score reduced 48%. On the Low Back Activity Confidence Scale the patient's scores were 19%, 87%, and 94% for function, symptom self-regulation, and exercise, respectively. Discussion This case report describes the use of CBT techniques during patient education by a physical therapist. The patient demonstrated clinically measurable and significant improvements in disability. Improvements in both self-efficacy beliefs related to exercise and activity avoidance beliefs were associated with improvement in disability. Additional research is needed to determine best practices for CBT-based patient education by physical therapists. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(8):494–501. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3264
Changes in brain FDG metabolism induced by acupuncture in healthy volunteers
Authors: Park Moon-Seo , Sunwoo Yun-Young , Jang Kyung-Sool , Han Young-Min , Kim Min-Wook , Maeng Lee-So , Hong Yeon-Pyo , O Joo-Hyun , Chung Yong-An 
Published: August 2010

Background: With the aid of newly developed functional brain imaging studies, studies are ongoing to see if acupuncture first acts on specific brain areas to induce effects on the human body. Purpose: To examine if stimulation at specific acupuncture points changes brain glucose metabolism patterns, including the limbic system and specific brain areas related to the acupuncture effect in healthy volunteers using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). Material and Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers (11 men and 9 women; mean age 49.1±7.3 years, age range 35–62 years) were included. Two sets of PET/CT scans were obtained from each volunteer, with and without stimulation by acupuncture. Two classic acupoints, LR3 (liver meridian) and ST44 (stomach meridian) were tested at the same time, using disposable sterile stainless steel needles. After initial acupuncture, the needle was kept in place without further stimulation. FDG-PET/CT scan of the brain began 45 min after FDG injection (185–222 MBq). Results: After stimulation of LR3 and ST44 by acupuncture, glucose metabolism in the brain was increased in the left insula (BA 13), bilateral thalami, superior frontal region of the right frontal lobe, and the inferior frontal region of left frontal lobe compared with baseline. On the other hand, glucose metabolism was decreased after acupuncture in the cingulate and parahippocampal (BA 36) regions of the left limbic lobe. Conclusion: Changes of glucose metabolism in specific brain areas following stimulation by acupuncture on LR3 and ST44 were documented using FDG-PET/CT.
Variations of the ulnar nerve in guyon's canal: in vivo demonstration using ultrasound and 3 T MRI
Authors: Niitsu Mamoru , Kokubo Naomi , Nojima Shoko 
Published: August 2010

Background: The clinical importance of Guyon's canal is emphasized due to the various branching patterns of the ulnar nerve. So far, the arborization pattern of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal has been investigated mostly by cadaveric studies. Purpose: To demonstrate anatomic variations of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal in vivo by using high definition ultrasound (US) and 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods: US imaging and 3 T MRI with an 8-channel coil was applied to 30 hands of 15 volunteers. The main trunk and the branched superficial and deep ulnar nerves, including neural bifurcation or trifurcation, were recognized on US and confirmed by 3 T MR images. The ulnar artery and vein and its branches were traced on color Doppler US and also visualized by MRI. The branching pattern of the ulnar nerve was determined from the inlet to the outlet of Guyon's canal. Results: Of 30 hands, 21 (70%) revealed bifurcation and 9 (30%) had trifurcation branching pattern of the ulnar nerve. In 16 hands (54%), imaging demonstrated that a single nerve entered the canal and divided into two trunks, one superficial and one deep, then exited the canal. The bifurcation occurred predominantly just after entering the canal inlet. The typical trifurcation pattern indicated that a single trunk entered the canal and divided into two, then one of the two bifurcated, producing a trifurcated pattern with two superficial and one deep bundle. Of 15 participants, symmetrical branching of bilateral hands was identified in 4 cases (27%), whereas 11 (73%) had asymmetrical branching. Conclusion: US and 3 T MRI readily delineated the branching pattern of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal in vivo. Morphological understanding about this neural branching can be informative in presurgical planning and also in diagnosis.
Application of breast MRI for prediction of lymph node metastases – systematic approach using 17 individual descriptors and a dedicated decision tree
Authors: Dietzel Matthias , Baltzer Pascal A. T. , Vag Tibor , Gröschel Tobias , Gajda Mieczyslaw , Camara Oumar , Kaiser Werner A. 
Published: August 2010

Background: The presence of lymph node metastases (LNMs) is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. Purpose: To correlate a detailed catalog of 17 descriptors in breast MRI (bMRI) with the presence of LNMs and to identify useful combinations of such descriptors for the prediction of LNMs using a dedicated decision tree. Material and Methods: A standardized protocol and study design was applied in this IRB-approved study (T1-weighted FLASH; 0.1 mmol/kg body weight Gd-DTPA; T2-weighted TSE; histological verification after bMRI). Two experienced radiologists performed prospective evaluation of the previously acquired examination in consensus. In every lesion 17 previously published descriptors were assessed. Subgroups of primary breast cancers with (N+: 97) and without LNM were created (N−: 253). The prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of each descriptor were correlated with the presence of LNM (chi-square test; diagnostic odds ratio/DOR). To identify useful combinations of descriptors for the prediction of LNM a chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree was applied. Results: Seven of 17 descriptors were significantly associated with LNMs. The most accurate were “Skin thickening” ( P < 0.001; DOR 5.9) and “Internal enhancement” ( P < 0.001; DOR ≤13.7). The CHAID decision tree identified useful combinations of descriptors: “Skin thickening” plus “Destruction of nipple line” raised the probability of N+ by 40% ( P< 0.05). In case of absence of “Skin thickening”, “Edema”, and “Irregular margins”, the likelihood of N+ was 0% ( P<0.05). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate the close association of selected breast MRI descriptors with nodal status. If present, such descriptors can be used – as stand alone or in combination – to accurately predict LNM and to stratify the patient's prognosis.
Impact on image quality and radiation exposure in coronary CT angiography: 100 kVp versus 120 kVp
Authors: Ripsweden Jonaz , Brismar Torkel B. , Holm Jon , Melinder Annika , Mir-Akbari Habib , Nilsson Tage , Nyman Ulf , Rasmussen Elsbeth , Rück Andreas , Cederlund Kerstin 
Published: August 2010

Background: The risk of radiation-induced cancer has become a major concern with the increasing use of computed tomography (CT). Purpose: To compare image quality and radiation doses when decreasing X-ray tube peak kilovoltage (kVp) from 120 to 100 kVp in patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Material and Methods: Patients referred for evaluation of suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent 64-channel detector CCTA using a tube voltage of either 120 kVp ( n = 46) or 100 kVp ( n = 82). The individual volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded and effective radiation dose was estimated on the basis of DLP. Subjective image quality was assessed by two radiologists on per-patient based consensus. Vascular density and image noise were quantified in the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and proximal ascending aorta (AA). Mean density in the adjacent perivascular tissue was also quantified. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated. Corresponding invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was performed, which constituted the gold standard. Results: Mean values in the 100/120 kVp cohorts regarding CNR in the LMCA were 12.7/16.0 ( P<0.0001)) and in the AA 13.2/17.2 ( P<0.0001), CTDIvol 34.4/57.4 mGy (a 40% reduction, P<0.0001), DLP 578/1125 mGy × cm ( P<0.0001), and estimated effective dose 9.6/20.2 mSv ( P<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in subjective image quality between the two cohorts. The sensitivity to detect significant coronary stenoses was 88% (120 kVp) and 84% (100 kVp) and the specificity was 71% (120 kVp) and 74% (100 kVp), respectively. Conclusion: By reduction of tube voltage from 120 to 100 kVp at CCTA, while keeping all other scanning parameters unchanged, the radiation dose to the patient can be almost halved while keeping the diagnostic image quality at a clinically acceptable level.
Care for the ‘Racially Careless’: Indian Hospitals in the Canadian West, 1920–1950s
Authors: Lux Maureen K. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: In the 1930s, sanatorium directors and medical bureaucrats warned of the threat to Canadian society of ‘Indian tuberculosis.’ Long-standing government policy aimed to isolate Aboriginal people on reserves and in residential schools, while their access to medical care was limited by government parsimony and community prejudice. Characterized as ‘racially careless’ concerning their own health, Aboriginal bodies were seen as a menace to their neighbours and a danger to the nation. By the 1940s state-run racially segregated Indian hospitals institutionalized Aboriginal people who were not welcome in provincial sanatoria or in the modernizing community hospitals. The opening of the Charles Camsell Indian Hospital in Edmonton in 1946, one of the first acts of the newly created department of National Health and Welfare, was a very public demonstration of the state's commitment to define and promote ‘national health’ by isolating and institutionalizing Aboriginal people.