bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gall midges (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae) associated with Populus tremula, P. tremuloides and their hybrid (Salicaceae)
Authors: Skuhravý V. , Skuhravá M. , Brewer J. W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGalls caused by seven species of European cecidomyiids were found on leaves of Populus tremula. native to Europe, on P. tremuloides, native to North America, and on leaves of their hybrids planted in southern Bohemia. Some galls on hybrids had unusual shapes. Factors influencing the process of establishment of gall midges on new plantings of these trees and their hybrids are discussed. The horizontal and vertical occurrence of five gall midge species occurring abundantly on P. tremula in the Czech Republic are described. Some gall midge species associated with P. tremula are abundant in central Europe but they do not cause significant injury to the trees. Prodiplosis morrisi caused severe injury to poplars in Canada. European species Contarinia populi occupies a relative small distribution area in central Europe, Harmandia tremulae extends up to the Ural Mountains, H. cavernosa, H. globuli, H. populi and Dasineura populeti are spread up to central Siberia and Contarinia petioli is broadly distributed from Europe to the Far East.
Functional and numerical responses of the reduviid predator, Rhynocoris fuscipes F. (Het., Reduviidae) to cotton leafworm Spodoptera litura F. (Lep., Noctuidae)
Authors: Ambrose D. P. , Claver M. A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRhynocoris fuscipes positively responded to the changing abundance of prey and exhibited Holling's second model of functional response. Increased searching capacity and decreased handling time were observed with the increasing prey density in R. fuscipes. The considerable number of prey consumed by the predator per day at higher prey density than at lower density reflected the predator's biocontrol potential. Increasing prey density did not significantly shorten the IV stadium of the predator, whereas that of V stadium was significantly shortened. Predators' survival and longevity were not affected by the prey density. Low prey densities resulted in an increase in the pre‐oviposition period. Fecundity and hatchability were increased as a function of prey density.
Combining release/establishment of Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) (Hym., Ichneumonidae) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. for control of Plutella xylostella (L) (Lep., Yponomeutidae) and other lepidopteran pests in the Cordillera Region of Luzon (Philippines)
Authors: Amend J. , Basedow Th. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn 1991, the Philippine‐German Biological Plant Protection Project (PGBPPP) started to release D. semiclausum, a larval parasitoid of P. xylostella, at a large scale in the two highland provinces Benguet and Mountain Province, Northern Luzon, Philippines. The intention was to control this serious pest in cruciferous crops by biological means. The parasitoid was imported from Indonesia and successfully mass‐reared. The hatching rate of D. semiclausum was around 90% and the sex ratio (male: female) 1: 0.8. From April 1991 to June 1992 more than 12000 adult beneficials were released at a ratio of 1 male: 2 female adults in farmer's fields. By the summer 1992 the parasitoid, released at four different areas, proved to be established in 11 out of 24 municipalities of the two provinces and was spreading to other areas. In combining D. semiclausum and B. thuringiensis (Bt), a strategy for the biological control of P. xylostella was developed. Two control threshold levels for the application of Bt, one for P. xylostella‐larvae at four larvae/plant and one for all the other lepidopterous larvae feeding on crucifers at 0.5 larvae/plant were assessed in several field trials after the establishment of D. semiclausum. Either population exceeding these levels initiated the application of biological insecticides based on Bt. Results of field trials indicated a possible reduction of insecticide application by at least 50–70%.
Control of Cacopsylla (Psylla) pyri (L.) (Stenorhyncha, Psyllidae) by juvenile hormone analogues
Authors: Baldassari N. , Baronio P. , Němec V. , Rejzek M. , Wimmer Z. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractJuvenoids could be a useful tool for the control of psyllids. The 12 new juvenoids synthetized at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry in Prague were tested by dipping the feeding plants in the juvenoid solution and by indirect contact application on Cacopsylla (Psylla) pyri (L.). The tested compounds were mostly less active than the commercial juvenoid, methoprene. However, even the low doses of active juvenoids which evoked only small malformations on wings and external genitalia of the treated psyllids disabled them from flying and also from copulation. The most sensitive period for juvenoids in psyllids comprises the first 4 days of the last larval instar. Aside from this period, juvenoids failed to evoke any malformation. The investigated juvenoids were also tested on the main predator of psyllids, the pirate bug, Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabr.), using the indirect topical application. It was found that the sensitive period of these bugs to the tested juvenoids is restricted to the first 24 h of the last larval instar. Hence, the pirate bug revealed very low sensitivity to the tested juvenoids.
Sur la dynamique des populations de Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy (Hom., Aphididae) dans la région de Tunis
Authors: Jerraya A. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract: On the population dynamics of Hyalopterus pruni Geoff. (Hom., Aphididae) in Tunis. In the Tunis area, the assessment of infestation levels by Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy on almond trees was established by considering only the proportions of colonies with more than 100 individuals per leaf. High, medium and low infestation levels were recorded during three years, 1992, 1993 and 1994, respectively. However, host infestation often started in mid‐February, reached a peak at the beginning of April and then declined and disappeared by the end of May. The responsible factors of this decline related to: 1) the gradual decreasing fecundity of apterae; and 2) alatae migration. On the other hand, the fundatrix larvae survival and reproductive potential expression of apterae were mainly influenced by the phenology and vigour of host plant. On peach tree, infestation was later (beginning of May) but could continue to the end of summer. The decline of population could be associated with premature leaf fall. Except for this, the combined effect of migration and natural enemies were allowed to maintain aphid population at acceptable level. Among abiotic factors very high summer temperatures (>43°C) led to total aphid mortality. The regulatory action of these factors has been analysed and discussed.RésuméL'appréciation du degré d'infestation par Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy sur amandier a été faite par la prise en compte des colonies dont les effectifs étaient supérieurs à 100 individus par feuille. Durant les trois années d'observation 1992, 1993 et 1994, il a été possible de la sorte, de caractériser trois niveaux de contamination: fort, moyen et faible respectivement, Mais quelle qu'en fût l'ampleur, la colonisation de l'hôte passait par une phase ascendante, débutant à la mi‐février, atteignait son apogée début avril puis entamait une phase de déclin qui s'achevait fin mai avec le départ du puceron.Les facteurs présidant à la décroissance des populations étaient d'une part la diminutionn graduelle de la fécondité des femelles aptères et d'autre part la migration des ailés. D'un autre côté la plante hôte, par son stade phénologique et sa vigueur, influençait fortement le taux de survie des larves fondatrices et l'expression du potentiel de reproduction des femelles aptères.Sur pêcher dont l'attaque était plus tardive (début mai) mais susceptible de se poursuivre jusqu'à la fin de l'été, la réduction des populations pouvait avoir pour origine une défoliation de l'hôte. En dehors de ce cas extrême, l'effet conjugué de la migration et des ennemis naturels permettait de maintenir les populations de H. pruni à un niveau tolérable. Quant aux facteurs physiques, seules les températures très élevées de l'été (> 43°C) étaient de nature à entrainer leur suppression totale.L'action de régulation de ces facteurs a été analysée et discutée.
Life history, seasonal adaptations and monitoring of common green capsid Lygocoris pabulinus (L.) (Hem., Miridae)
Authors: Blommers L. H. M. , Vaal F. W. N. M. , Helsen H. H. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLygocoris pabulinus can be reared continuously on potted potato plants when the light period is at least 17 h. Minimum generation time, including a premating period of 6 days, is approximately 40 days at 20°C. Young females lay up to six eggs/day and 3–4 young nymphs per female are produced. Individual females lay up to 200 eggs and mating once is sufficient to maintain maximum egg production for at least 2 weeks. While detached shoot tips of herbaceous plants like potato also are adequate food sources for nymphs and adults, similar tips of apple, pear, currant, raspberry and rose are not. Attempts to rear L. pabulinus on apple seedlings also failed. This explains why many older nymphs arising from overwintered eggs already leave the apple trees: to complete their development on herbaceous host plants. Long light periods induce the summer generation adults to stay on these hosts. Light periods of 16.5 h or less during juvenile development induce females, usually of the second generation, to oviposit on woody shoots like apple and Forsythia, but these females still require herbaceous plants for feeding. A partial third generation sometimes occurs after a warm spring and summer. These observations appear to explain host‐plant alteration in L. pabulinus. Experiments showed that most damage to fruits is caused by nymphs older than second instar. The time to monitor this instar is estimated best when the daily temperature sums above 4°C accumulated from 1 January amount to568 – 2.05*D#Ts245 degree dayswhere D#Ts245 indicates the number of day on which 245 degree days is reached. A few parasitoid Peristeum laeviventris (Ruthe) (Braconidae, Euphorinae) were reared from full grown nymphs in spring, and epizootics of Entomophthora sp. were seen in 3 years out of 10. What causes the great numerical variation of L. pabulinus in apple orchards over the years is still unknown.
Host location in stored cowpea by the egg parasitoid Uscana lariophaga Steffan (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: van Alebeek F.A.N. , van Huis A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA good spatial distribution and an efficient host location behaviour are prerequisites for successful biological control of stored product pests. These attributes were investigated in the egg parasitoid Uscana luriophaga Steffan (Hym., Trichogrammatidae), foraging for clusters of Callosobrachus maculatus Fab. (Col., Bruchidae) eggs in experimental cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) storage containers. Females have an innate tendency to move upwards in a cowpea seed stock. Host clusters above the release point have an increased chance to be found by U. lariophaga compared to clusters below the site of release, but still, significant numbers of clusters below the release point are also being visited and parasitized. In host clusters with more than 50 eggs, parasitoids are arrested and may spend their entire egg load or foraging time, leaving other clusters unexploited. Host clusters with more eggs are more frequently parasitized, irrespective of the volume of clusters or the egg density and distribution within those clusters. This increased chance of detection is thought to be the result of an increase in egg odour concentration or in the volume of the odour sphere around clusters with more eggs. This hypothesis was tested in a tube diffusion olfactometer.
Radiation induced sterility in male potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lep., Gelechiidae)
Authors: Saour G. , Makee H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNewly emerged adult males (0–18h) potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella were irradiated with various doses (5, 10, 15, 25, 35, and 45 Krad) of gamma irradiation. Mating ability and frequency of mating of the males were decreased when they were irradiated with 25 Krad and above, whereas their longevity was not affected by the irradiation. The mean number of eggs per female was decreased at 35 and 45 Krad, and 91% sterility was induced when males were irradiated with a dose of 45 Krad. The competitiveness values of P. operculella males were reduced when they were irradiated with high doses. However, these values were risen when high ratio of irradiated males to normal males was used.
The influence of unspraying on diversity of soil‐related hymenopteran parasitoids in cereal fields
Authors: Jensen P. B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOn a cereal field with pesticide treated areas, and areas left unsprayed since 1986, hymenopteran parasitoids were collected using emergence traps. In total, and on most collecting dates, more species were collected on the unsprayed areas. The log‐series index was also greater for the unsprayed plots (areas and trap groups) than for the sprayed plots. The dominance of the most abundant species decreased on the unsprayed areas.
Phoretic mites and their hyperphoretic fungi associated with flying Ips typographus japonicus Niijima (Col., Scolytidae) in Japan
Authors: Moser J. C. , Perry T. J. , Furuta K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFlying Ips typographus japonicus from Hokkaido (Japan) carried 12 species of phoretic mites, three of which were not previously recorded in Europe. The mite biologies were diverse, including specialists feeding on microorganisms, beetle eggs, and nematodes which were common under beetle elytra. Hyperphoretic on these mites were seven distinct species of fungal spores, plus an undetermined number identifiable only as conidia. The spores stuck anywhere on the mite bodies with no special carrying structures evident. Ophiostoma bicolor was the most common species, with the pathogenic Ceratocystis polonicum present in small numbers.
Effects of prey mites and pollen on the biology and life tables of Proprioseiopsis asetus (Chant) (Acari, Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Fouly A. H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBiology of the phytoseiid mite Proprioseiopsis asetus was studied under laboratory conditions. Egg hatchability was tested at three different combinations of temperature and relative humidity. A combination of 26°C and 70% RH was the most suitable condition. The number of citrus brown mite Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) consumed by P. asetus adult females significantly decreased when date palm pollen Pheonex dactylefira L. was added to prey mite and egg production significantly increased. Total developmental time of P. asetus ranged between 3.25 and 5.33 days for males and between 3.83 and 5.46 days for females at 26°C. The percentage of female progeny in the total population ranged between 52% and 57%. A diet of E. orientalis resulted in the shortest generation time (T = 12.49 day), the shortest adult female longevity (27.25 day), the highest net reproductive rate (R0 = 35.15 expected progeny per female), the highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm = 0.28) and also finite rate of increase (erm = 1.33) per day. Diet of prey mite T. urticae provided the longest adult female longevity (33.08 days) and T. urticae or P. dactylefire pollen provided very close life table parameters of P. asetus. Broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus was the least favourable food source with results of T = 16.89 days; R0 = 21.02 female progeny per female; rm = 0.18 and erm =1.19 per day.
Acceptance and suitability of ultraviolet‐irradiated Helicoverpa armigera (Hühner) (Lep., Noctuidae) eggs for Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Romeis J. , Shanower T. G. , Zebitz C. P. W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHelicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) eggs were irradiated with a 30 W ultraviolet (UV)‐lamp from a distance of 30 cm. Egg mortality increased with duration of exposure to the UV‐light source; exposure for 48 min was sufficient to kill 98% of the eggs. Survival of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii was lower on eggs irradiated for 60 and 90 min than on untreated control eggs. Clutch size and sex ratio of the parasitoid progeny were similar in irradiated and control eggs. The lower suitability of irradiated host eggs was not recognized by female wasps as they accepted irradiated and control eggs equally in a choice test. The higher parasitoid mortality in irradiated eggs may be a result of morphological changes in the host egg chorion. Supporting this hypothesis, it was observed that the duration of drilling by the parasitoid was significantly shorter on irradiated eggs than on control eggs.
Aphelinid parasitoids as sustainable biological control agents in greenhouses
Authors: van Lenteren J. C. , Drost Y. C. , van Roermund H. J. W. , Posthuma‐Doodeman C. J. A. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAphelinid parasitoids have been used for control of pests in greenhouses since the 1920s, but large scale application started only some 25 years ago. Today, several aphelinid parasitoids are commercially used for the biological control of scale, aphid and whitefly pests in greenhouses. A success story is the biological control of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, with the aphelinid Encarsia formosa. Encarsia is applied on 5000 ha of vegetable crops worldwide. Weekly, more than 20 million individuals of E. formosa are mass reared and shipped to growers in 20 countries. About 10 years ago, another whitefly species, Bemisia sp., developed to pest status and a search for control of scales and aphids in greenhouses is summarized, as well as the status of commercial biological control with aphelinid parasitoids. Further, the questions whether effective natural enemies can be identified before introduction and if autoparasitoids should be imported and released are addressed. Finally, the usefulness of parasitoid biotype studies to recognize suitable candidates for biological is considered.
Flight away from emergence site of wild and artificially reared olive fruit flies: effect of incoming light direction and intensity
Authors: Konstantopoulou M. A. , Economopoulos A. P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWild olive fruit flies flew away from the site of adult emergence, i.e. escape by direct flight from a 10 cm high, 9 cm diameter cylinder, at significantly higher percentages than artificially reared flies. This was true at both high and low light intensity. With both fly types, when the incoming light was from the cylinder top opening only (cylinder painted black) the percentage of “escaping'' flies was higher than when the incoming light was from the opening and around (transparent cylinder). The difference was significant only at low light intensity. In almost all cases a significant decrease of escape flights was observed with low light intensity.
Fungal associates of the spruce bark beetleIps typographusL. (Col. Scolytidae) in relation to different trapping methods
Authors: Viiri H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIps typographustransports spores of various sapwood‐staining fungi, mainly in the pits of the pronota and elytra. When pheromone trapping is used to collect beetles, the spores of fungi from different beetles may mix. Therefore, the species composition of fungi associated withJ. typographuswas investigated in eastern Finland using beetles caught by different trapping methods. The beetles were collected individually by hand or in pheromone traps with or without vermiculite used as insulating material in trap containers to prevent surface contamination between beetles. The beetles were inoculated into Norway spruce logs with a cork borer and the frequencies of fungi were determined by isolation of fungi from bark and sapwood. The most frequent ophiostomatoid species wereO. penicillatumandO. europhioides.Other common fungi wereGraphiumandLeptographiumspecies. The species that were isolated occasionally wereO. ainoae, O. bicolor, O. piceae, O. tetropiiandC. polonica.Relationships between fungal observations were analysed one by one. In pairwise comparison of pheromone trapping and individually collected beetles, the frequencies of fungi isolated from beetles differed significantly. However, when all trapping methods were compared simultaneously, the differences were not significant.
Bacillus thuringiensis affecting the larval parasite Meteorus laeviventris Wesm. (Hym., Braconidae) associated with Agrotis ypsilon (Rott.) (Lep., Noctuidae) larvae
Authors: Hafez M. , Salama H. S. , Aboul‐Ela R. , Zaki F. N. , Ragaei M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe effect of the pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis on the larval parasite Meteorus laeviventris, associated with Agrotis ypsilon, was studied. The biology of the parasite showed to be affected in some aspects when its host larvae were fed on a diet containing B. thuringiensis. A significant reduction in reproductive potential and longevity occurred together with retardation in development. The effect of the exotoxin (thuringiensin) on the parasite has been also demonstrated.
Oviposition attractant associated with conspecific development stages of Sergentomyia and Phlebotomus sandflies (Dipt., Psychodidae)
Authors: Basimike M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGravid females of Sergentomyia ingrami, S. schwetzi and Phlebotomus duboscqi were attracted to oviposit on filter papers treated with test materials obtained from their conspecific development stages. S. ingrami was also exposed to oviposit in Petri dishes baited with non‐conspecific P. duboscqi test materials. Immature and adult stages of all three species were crushed and smeared individually on filter papers and thereafter placed inside small containers for egglaying. Significantly more eggs were laid by Sergentomyia and Phlebotomus sandflies on filter papers baited with their conspecific immature and adult test materials. There was no significant difference between the number of eggs laid by S. ingrami on filter papers treated with non‐conspecific P. duboscqi test materials with those laid on their controls. It is concluded that both immature and adult development stages of sandflies have a volatile substance which attracts gravid females for egg‐laying.