bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitfall trapping of tenebrionid and carabid beetles (Coleoptera) in different habitats of the Central Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Faragalla A. A. , Adam E. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe abundance of Coleoptera, the darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) and the ground beetles (Carabidae) was investigated in the College of Agric. Experimental and Research Station Farm at Dairab in the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 1982 and 1983. Habitats studied include fig, grapevine and citrus orchards together with a harvested wheat field and a natural desert site. Pitfall trapping indicated that tenebrionid populations far exceeded those of carabids in all habitats under investigation. Wheat field and fig habitats showed significantly the greatest number of beetles recovered. The same proved to be with the total number of beetles captured during April and May. All other differences and interactions were not significant. The most dominant species in all habitats was the tenebrionid Ocnera hispida (Forsk.). The seasonal abundance of both families declined severely with the onset of cold weather (Dec.‐Jan.), gradually increasing with the advent of the shorter spring (Feb.) and reaching its climax in activity and abundance during the hot weather (April‐May).ZusammenfassungFallenfang von Tenebrionidae und Carabidae (Coleoptera) in verschiedenen Habitaten der Zentralregion von Saudi‐ArabienDie Abundanz von Dunkelkäfern (Tenebrionidae) und Laufkäfern (Carabidae) wurden im Coll. of Agric. Exp. and Res. Station von Dairab in der Zentralregion von Saudi‐Arabien 1982 und 1983 mit Hilfe von Bodenfallen untersucht. Habitate waren Feigen‐, Grapefruit‐ und Zitruspflanzungen, abgeerntete Weizenfelder und Wüstenareale. Der Fallenfang ergab, daß die Zahl der Tenebrionidae jene der Carabidae in allen Habitaten bei weitem übertraf. Die Weizen‐ und Feigenhabitate wiesen die signifikant höchste Käferzahl auf. Auch hinsichtlich der Zahl der im April und Mai gefangenen Käfer lagen sie an der Spitze. Alle anderen festgestellten Unterschiede zwischen den Habitaten waren nicht signifikant. Dominierende Käferart war überall der Tenebrionide Ocnera hispida (Forsk.). Die saisonale Abundanz der Käferfamilien nahm mit dem Einsetzen kälterer Witterung (Dez., Jan.) erheblich ab, stieg dann mit Beginn des kurzen Frühlings (Feb.) wiederum an und erreichte ihren Maximalwert in den Monaten April und Mai.
Carbonsäuren im Kot von Blattella germanica (L.) und ihre mögliche Rolle als Teil des Aggregationspheromons
Authors: Fuchs M. E. A. , Franke S. , Francke W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCarboxylic acids in the feces of Blattella germanica (L.) and their possible role as part of the aggregation pheromoneThe aggregation pheromone of Blattella germanica (L.) can be extracted from the feces with Freon 11. From these extracts more than 150 compounds were identified by coupled gaschromatography/mass‐spectrometry, among them 57 carboxylic acids. The pheromone is not a single compound, but can be devided in two components, one of which, consisting of volatile substances, attracts the cockroaches. The other one is an arresting component which causes stable aggregations. Direct contact is necessary. After methylation of the extracts substantial aggregations are not longer formed. This strongly points to an essential role, that carboxylic acids may play as part of the aggregation pheromone.ZusammenfassungDie für Blattella germanica (L.) aggregationsauslösenden Substanzen lassen sich aus deren Kot mit Freon 11 extrahieren. Aus dem Extrat konnten bisher mehr als 150 Verbindungen gaschromatographisch‐massenspektrometrisch identifiziert werden, darunter 57 Carbonsäuren.Das Pheromon ist keine einheitliche Substanz, sondern kann unterteilt werden in eine aus mehreren Verbindungen schwacher Attraktanz bestehende Anlockkomponente und in eine Haltekomponente, auf der die Tiere unter Motilitätsverlust feste Aggregationen bilden. Dazu ist direkter Kontakt erforderlich.Nach Methylierung der Extrakte werden keine stabilen Aggregationen mehr gebildet. Dies weist darauf hin, daß den Carbonsäuren als Aggregationssubstanz eine wesentliche Bedeutung zukommt.
Aphids in spring sown cereals in central Sweden
Authors: WIKTELIUS S. , EKBOM B. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCereal aphids have been surveyed in spring cereals during 1980–1983 near Uppsala in central Sweden. Rhopalosiphum padi was the most abundant species except in 1983 when Sitobion avenae was slightly more common. There were big differences in aphid numbers between years and between fields. The number of parasitized and diseased aphids was low. The proportion of alatiform IV‐instar and the number of aphids leaving the plants increased near population peak and these factors probably contribute considerably to the population crash. The reasons why R. padi is a more serious pest in the Nordic countries than elsewhere in Europe are discussed.ZusammenfassungBlattläuse im Sommergetreide in Mittelschweden. Abundanz und Verteilung 1980‐1983Während der Jahre 1980‐1983 wurde in der Umgebung von Uppsula in Mittelschweden das Vorkommen von Blattläusen im Sommergetreide untersucht. Rhopalosiphum padi war die häufigste Art mit Ausnahme des letzten Jahres, als Sitobion avenae etwas zahlreicher auftrat. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Blattlauszahlen der einzelnen Jahre und ebenso zwischen den untersuchten Getreideschlägen waren sehr groß. Die Anzahl der parasitierten oder erkrankten Blattläuse war dagegen sehr gering. Der Anteil der alatiformen Nymphen des IV. Stadiums und die Anzahl der die Pflanzen verlassenden Blattläuse erhöhte sich zum Populationsmaximum hin, was wahrscheinlich wesentlich zum Zusammenbruch der Populationen beitrug. Die Gründe, warum R. padi in den nordischen Ländern ein bedeutenderer Getreideschädling ist als im übrigen Europa, werden diskutiert.
Contributions to the reproductive biology of olive psylla Euphyllura olivina Costa (Hom., Psyllidae)
Authors: MUSTAFA T. M. , NAJJAR Y. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeasonal reproductive development was investigated in females of olive psylla. Samples of females taken from two olive orchards in a 2 yr period were dissected for monitoring reproductive status. Five distinct stages of ovariole formation and development were recorded. Ovarian development of the summer generation was in reproductive diapause from mid‐June to mid‐November. The environmental factors including temperature and photoperiod, inducing diapause in adults are discussed. Adults of spring generation had showed mature eggs within a week of emergence.ZusammenfassungBeiträge zur Vermehrungsbiologie des Olivenblattflohes Euphyllura olivina Costa (Horn., Psyllidae)Es wurde die saisonale Entwicklung der Vermehrung von E. olivina untersucht, indem die Weibchen aus 2 Olivengärten 2 Jahre lang in etwa 10tägigem Abstand seziert wurden. Dabei wurden 5 Stadien der Ovariolen‐Formation und ‐Entwicklung festgestellt. Bei der Sommergeneration machte die Ovarienenentwicklung von Mitte Juni bis Mitte November eine Diapause durch. Es wurden die Umweltfaktoren, vor allem Temperatur und Photoperiode, von denen die Diapause der Adulten abhängt, diskutiert. Die Adulten der Frühjahrgeneration zeigten innerhalb einer Woche nach ihrem Erscheinen bereits reife Eier.
Diurnal and seasonal flight activity of male Coleophora laricella as determined by sex‐attractant traps
Authors: WITZGALL P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDiurnal and seasonal flight activity of male larch casebearer moths,Coleophora laricellaHbn. (Lep., Coleophoridae) was studied at two reseach sites in Central Europa, utilising male responses to the sex‐attractant (Z)‐5‐decen‐1‐ol.Trap captures as well as visual observations showed that attractant responses were readily induced outside the presumed period of female calling. High temperatures shifted maximum male responsiveness from the late afternoon to the evening. No trap captures could be obtained between nightfall and sunrise. During two consecutive years, the flight period, as reflected by responses towards attractant sources, lasted for 10 days in Northern Germany, but for 30 days in the Swiss Alps. This period was followed by an “insensitive phase” in which flying males did not respond to attractant sources.ZusammenfassungBestimmung der tages‐ und jahreszeitlichen Flugperiode von Coleophora‐laricella‐Männchen mittels Sexuallockstoff‐FallenIn zwei Versuchsgebieten Mitteleuropas wurde die jahres‐ und tageszeitliche Flugperiode der LärchenminiermotteColeophora laricellaHbn. (Lep., Coleophoridae) anhand der Reaktion männlicher Falter auf den Sexuallockstoff (Z)‐5‐Decen‐1‐ol bestimmt. Fallenversuche wie Verhaltensbeobachtungen zeigten, daß die Männchen auch außerhalb der täglichen Lockphase der Weibchen auf den künslichen Sexuallockstoff reagieren. Hohe Lufttemperaturen verschoben den Zeitpunkt maximaler Antwort vom späten Nachmittag auf den frühen Abend. Zwischen Einbruch der Dunkelheit und Sonnenaufgang wurden keine Männchen in den Fallen gefangen. In zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Jahren dauerte die anhand der Lockstoffreaktion festgestellte Flugperiode in Norddeutschland 10 Tage, in den Schweizer Alpen jedoch 30 Tage. Auf diesen Zeitraum folgte eine „insensitive Phase”, in der fliegende Männchen nicht mehr auf Lockstoffreize reagierten.
Are sex‐attractant traps a valid approach to determine dispersal in Coleophora laricella?
Authors: WITZGALL P. , PRIESNER E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTraps baited with synthetic (Z)‐5‐decen‐1‐ol were used to study local, short‐range dispersal of male larch casebearer moths Coleophora laricella Hbn. (Lep., Coleophoridae) into non‐host habitats at two research sites in Central Europe. Catches from traps placed in adjacent pine forests, open fields surrounded by larch forests or open farmland downwind from larch stands were compared to those from traps in larch stands. The results showed that larch casebearer moths were widely distributed throughout the various non‐host habitats, probably as a result of continuous downwind dispersal. The procedure should also permit the evaluation of long‐range (> 1 km) dispersal in this species.ZusammenfassungEignen sich Sexuallockstoff‐Fallen zur Untersuchung des Dispersionsverhaltens von Coleophora laricella?In zwei Versuchsgebieten Mitteleuropas wurde mittels Pheromonfallen untersucht, wieweit männliche Lärchenminiermotten, Coleophora laricella Hbn. (Lep., Coleophoridae), aus Lärchenbeständen in benachbarte Habitate abwandern. Fallen, die mit synthetischem (Z)‐5‐Decen‐ol beködert waren, wurden dazu vergleichend innerhalb von Lärchenbeständen, in angrenzenden Kiefernschonungen, Lichtungen zwischen Lärchenbeständen sowie offenem Kulturland windab von befallenen Beständen ausgebracht. An allen Standorten wurden männliche Falter gefangen, offensichtlich als Ergebnis einer ständigen Windverdriftung aus dem Wirtshabitat. Auch Dispersionsflüge dieses Schädlings über größere (> 1 km) Entfernungen sollten sich mit dem Verfahren erfassen lassen.
Efficacy of gossyplure for the control of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.) (Lep., Gelechiidae)1
Authors: QURESHI Z. A. , AHMED N. , BUGHIO A. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe efficacy of gossyplure (1:1 mixture of Cis, Cis and Cis, trans isomers of 7,11‐hexadecadienyl acetate) in controlling pink bollworm infestation through male annihilation technique and mating disruption technique was compared with insecticidal spray (Sumicidin 20% EC). The results indicated that mating disruption technique was comparable with insecticidal spray treatment. Male annihilation technique was found to be less effective in controlling pink bollworm infestation when compared either with mating disruption technique or insecticidal spray treatment.ZusammenfassungZur Wirksamkeit von Gossyplure bei der Bekämpfung von Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.) (Lep., Gelechiidae)Es wurde die Wirkung von Gossyplure (1:1 Mischung von Cis, Cis, und Cis, trans Isomoeren von 7,11‐Hexadecadienyl Acetat) bei der Bekämpfung eines P. gossypiella‐Befalls von Baumwolle unter Anwendung der Methoden der Männchen‐Vernichtung sowie der Kopulationsunterdrükkung geprüft und mit dem Ergebnis einer herkömmlichen Insektizid‐Behandlung (Sumicidin 20% EC) verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß die Kopulationsunterdrückung wirkungsmäßig mit der Insektizidbehandlung vergleichbar ist. Dagegen war die Männchen‐Vernichtung wenig erfolgreich.
Enhanced expression of cytokines/chemokines in cerebrospinal fluids in mumps meningitis in children
Authors: Asano Takeshi , Ichiki Kunihiko , Koizumi Shinya , Kaizu Kiyohiko , Hatori Takayuki , Fujino Osamu , Mashiko Kunihiro , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Miyasho Taku , Fukunaga Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  The mumps virus is frequently the causative agent in aseptic meningitis and mumps has still prevailed in Japan. We compared data obtained from patients with mumps meningitis and patients with aseptic meningitis caused by other viruses in order to identify mumps meningitis‐specific cytokine/chemokine alterations in cerebrospinal fluide (CSF).Methods:  We elucidated the cytokine/chemokine network based on the cytokine/chemokine profiles in CSF from children with mumps meningitis and meningitis due to other viral infections using multiplex cytokine measurement. Seventeen cytokines/chemokines, namely interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐7, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12 (p70), IL‐13, IL‐17, interferon (IFN)‐γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), granulocyte monocyte colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β (MIP‐1β), were measured simultaneously in CSF supernatants from eight children with mumps meningitis, 11 children with other types of viral meningitis and eight children with fever without neurological complications such as convulsion.Results:  We found that IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐13 and IFN‐γ showed a statistically significant increase in CSF from mumps meningitis when compared to other types of viral meningitis and fever without neurological complications.Conclusion:  Mumps meningitis may induce a distinct immunological response when compared with other types of viral meningitis.
PRE‐OPERATIVE ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND STAGING IN VIDEO‐ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC ESOPHAGECTOMY
Authors: Leung S.K. , Lau K.Y. , Lee C.K. , Lau K.W. 
Published: July 2010

Aim: To study the use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with mini‐probes in patients undergoing vide‐assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) esophagectomy.Introduction: Pre‐operative staging of carcinoma of esophagus provides information about prognosis. It can help to select out in‐ operable cases for which palliative treatment is indicated. Accurate staging is particularly important in minimal access surgery. In VAT esophagectomy, endoscopic instruments are used without the benefits of having direct tactile sensation. Advanced tumors may be closely adhered to vital structures and endoscopic dissection will then be dangerous.EUS demonstrates the layered structure of the esophagus and is thus useful for determining the Tumor (T) stage. The problems with the echo‐endoscope are the difficulty and danger to pass the endoscope through the tumor. With the availability of mini‐probes, EUS can be performed safely in the majority of patients.Method: From 1998 to 2000, 13 patients with VAT esophagectomy and pre‐operative EUS performed were studied. A 20 MHz mini‐probe could successfully be passed in all patients and clear ultrasound images were obtained. The EUS stage and pathological stage were compared.Results: The pathological stage of these 13 patients was as follows: T1 = 1(1/13 = 7.7%), T2 = 3(3/13 = 23%), T3 = 8(8/13 = 61.5%), T4 = 1(1/13 = 7.7%), N0 = 10(10/13 = 76.9%), N1 = 3(3/13 = 23.1%).Tumor (T) stage was correctly predicted by EUS in 9 patients (9/13 = 69.2%). Nodal (N) stage was correctly predicted by EUS in 5 patients (5/13 = 38.5%) (P > 0.1, Fisher's exact test).There was no difference in the predictability of T2 and T3 by EUS (P > 0.1, Fisher's exact test).Conclusion: EUS using mini‐probe provides useful information concerning T stage before VAT esophagectomy. It is less accurate in staging N disease.
Identification and characterization of Cs+‐permeable K+ channel current in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells in lobules 9 and 10 evoked by molecular layer stimulation
Authors: Ishii Hiroshi , Nakajo Koichi , Yanagawa Yuchio , Kubo Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mouse cerebellum consists of 10 lobules, which are distinguishable by their anatomical and functional properties. However, the differences in the slow postsynaptic currents (sPSCs) of Purkinje cells between lobules have not been well studied. We recorded the sPSCs of lobules 3, 9 and 10 evoked by tetanic stimulation of the molecular layer in cerebellar slices, and found a novel outward sPSC mediated by the GABAB receptor in loblues 9 and 10 but hardly at all in lobule 3. We showed that the lobule‐specific difference is at least partly attributable to differences in the density of GABAergic neurons (higher in lobule 10 than in lobules 3 and 9), and the functional expression level of postsynaptic GABAB receptor currents (larger in lobules 9 and 10 than in lobule 3). The G‐protein‐coupled inward rectifying K+ channel (GIRK) is known to be activated by GABAB receptors; however, the outward sPSC was not blocked by a GIRK blocker, was not sensitive to Cs+ block, and was observed when Cs+ was used as a charge carrier. These results suggest that a K+ channel other than GIRK could be activated by GABAB receptors. KCNK13 is a Cs+‐permeable K+ channel that shows intense expression of mRNA in Purkinje cells. KCNK13 current was enhanced by co‐expression of Gβγ subunits and was observed when Cs+ was used as a charge carrier in heterologous expression systems, and the amino acids critical for these features were identified by mutagenesis. Taken together, these results show that KCNK13 is a legitimate candidate for the Cs+‐permeable K+ channel activated by GABAB receptors, presumably via Gβγ subunits in Purkinje cells.
Efficacy of palatal block for analgesia following palatoplasty in children with cleft palate
Authors: JONNAVITHULA NIRMALA , DURGA PADMAJA , MADDURI VAMSIKRISHNA , RAMACHANDRAN GOPINATH , NUVVULA RAMBABU , SRIKANTH R. , DAMALCHERUVU MUKUNDA R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground:  This prospective randomized controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of palatal block i.e. blocking of naso palatine, greater and also lesser palatine nerves in children with cleft palate undergoing palatoplasty by evaluating its effects on intraoperative anesthetic requirement, postoperative analgesia and parental satisfaction.Methods:  Forty‐five pediatric patients aged below five undergoing cleft palate repair were randomly allocated to three groups of 15 each. After tracheal intubation, Group NB received no block for control, group S received 0.5 ml of normal saline and group B received 0.5 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine for palatal block. Postoperative pain score, the time to first demand of analgesia and number of rescue analgesic demands were noted. Finally, the parental satisfaction was graded.Results:  The block had no anesthetic sparing effect. The mean pain scores were significantly lower in patients who received block than in the group NB. The mean area under curve for FLACC score in group NB was 29 with 95% CI of 25–32, group S was 15 with 95% CI of 8.9–22.3 and in group B, it was 10 with 95% CI of 6–14. The time to first demand of analgesia was 6 [4.5–6] h in group NB, 18 [6–18] h in group S and 18 [18–18] h in group B (P‐0.000). The number of demands of rescue analgesia was significantly less in group B 0 [0–0.25], 0 [0–2] in S group compared to group NB 3 [3–3] (P‐0.000). The parental satisfaction was good in patients who received block and poor in group NB.Conclusion:  Palatal block is technically simple, safe and effectively provides postoperative analgesia with good parental satisfaction. Injection of saline also produced palatal nerve block; however, the effect was not consistent.
A novel isotonic‐balanced electrolyte solution with 1% glucose for perioperative fluid management in children‐ an animal experimental preauthorization study
Authors: WITT LARS , OSTHAUS WILHELM A. , BÜNTE CHRISTOPH , TEICH NATASCHA , HERMANN ELVIS J. , KASKE MARTIN , KOPPERT WOLFGANG , SÜMPELMANN ROBERT 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground:  The recommendations for perioperative maintenance fluid in children have been adapted from hypotonic to isotonic electrolyte solutions with lower glucose concentrations (1–2.5% instead of 5%) to avoid hyponatremia or hyperglycemia.Objective:  The objective of this prospective animal study was to determine the margin of safety of a novel isotonic‐balanced electrolyte solution with 1% glucose (BS‐G1) in comparison with normal saline with 1% glucose (NS‐G1) in the case of accidental hyperhydration with a focus on acid–base electrolyte balance, glucose concentration, osmolality and intracranial pressure in piglets.Methods:  Ten piglets (bodyweight 11.8 ± 1.8 kg) were randomly assigned to receive either 100 ml·kg−1 of BS‐G1 or NS‐G1 within one hour. Before, during and after fluid administration, electrolytes, lactate, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, osmolality and acid–base parameters were measured.Results:  Unlike BS‐G1, administration of NS‐G1 produced mild hyperchloremic acidosis (base excess BS‐G1 vs NS‐G1, baseline 1.9 ± 1.7 vs 2.9 ± 0.9 mmol·l−1, study end 0.2 ± 1.7 vs −2.7 ± 0.5 mmol·l−1, P < 0.05, chloride BS‐G1 vs NS‐G1 baseline 102.4 ± 3.4 vs 102.0 ± 0.7 mmol·l−1, study end 103.4 ± 1.8 vs 109.0 ± 1.4 mmol·l−1P < 0.05). The addition of 1% glucose led to moderate hyperglycemia (P < 0.05) with a concomitant increase in serum osmolality in both groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Both solutions showed a wide margin of safety in the case of accidental hyperhydration with less acid–base electrolyte changes when using BS‐G1. This novel solution could therefore enhance patient’s safety within the scope of perioperative volume management.
Fieldwork among the Dong national minority in Guizhou, China: Practicalities, obstacles and challenges
Authors: Cornet Candice 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe People's Republic of China (PRC) is increasingly open to foreigners undertaking social science fieldwork; yet obstacles remain. Working with ethnic minorities adds further complexities because of the sensitive topics such research may raise. Based on recent fieldwork among the Dong in southeast Guizhou, as the first foreign researcher to ask for and gain official permission to work in the region, this article exposes some of the challenges, both practical and methodological, of conducting research in the PRC. Gaining access to my field site was a long trek through the hierarchic maze of Chinese administration. While reflecting upon this process, I detail my negotiations with local authorities. I then examine how I found reliable statistical data, was able to access the voices of peasants, acted to protect the anonymity of dissident informants, and negotiated working with local research assistants once in the field. These aspects, in turn, highlighted the importance of considering positionality in the field. Although each person's experiences and routes to fieldwork are unique, there are recurrent issues that shape the research process in the PRC. I reflect upon a number of these here, in the hope that this can smooth the way for future researchers.