bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of competition from neighbours on stomatal conductance in lettuce and tomato plants
Authors: VYSOTSKAYA LIDIYA , WILKINSON SALLY , DAVIES WILLIAM J. , ARKHIPOVA TATYANA , KUDOYAROVA GUZEL 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTCompetition decreased transpiration from young lettuce plants after 2 days, before any reductions in leaf area became apparent, and stomatal conductance (gs) of lettuce and tomato plants was also reduced. Stomatal closure was not due to hydraulic signals or competition for nutrients, as soil water content, leaf water status and leaf nitrate concentrations were unaffected by neighbours. Competition‐induced stomatal closure was absent in an abscisic acid (ABA)‐deficient tomato mutant, flacca, indicating a fundamental involvement of ABA. Although tomato xylem sap ABA concentrations were unaffected by the presence of neighbours, ABA/pH‐based stomatal modulation is still likely to underlie the response to competition, as soil and xylem sap alkalization was observed in competing plants. Competition also modulated leaf ethylene production, and treatment of lettuce plants with an ethylene perception inhibitor (1‐methylcyclopropene) diminished the difference in gs between single and competing plants grown in a controlled environment room, but increased it in plants grown in the greenhouse: ethylene altered the extent of the stomatal response to competition. Effects of competition on gs are discussed in terms of the detection of the absence of neighbours: increases in gs and carbon fixation may allow faster initial space occupancy within an emerging community/crop.
The role of class A1 heat shock factors (HSFA1s) in response to heat and other stresses in Arabidopsis
Authors: LIU HSIANG‐CHIN , LIAO HSIU‐TING , CHARNG YEE‐YUNG 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn Arabidopsis, there are four homologs of class A1 heat shock factor (HSFA1) genes, which likely encode the master regulators of heat shock response (HSR). However, previous studies with double knockout (KO) mutants were unable to confirm this point probably due to functional redundancy. Here, we generated a quadruple KO (QK) and four triple KO mutants to dissect their functions. Our data show that members of the HSFA1 group not only play a pivotal role in HSR but also are involved in growth and development. Alterations in morphology and retardation in growth were observed in the quadruple but not in triple KO mutants. The basal and acquired thermotolerance capacity was dramatically decreased in the QK mutant but varied in triple KO mutants at different developmental stages. The transcriptomics profiles suggested that more than 65% of the heat stress (HS)‐up‐regulated genes were HSFA1 dependent. HSFA1s were also involved in the expression of several HS genes induced by H2O2, salt and mannitol, which is consistent with the increased sensitive phenotype of the QK mutant to the stress factors. In conclusion, the Arabidopsis HSFA1s function as the master regulators of HSR and participate as important components in other abiotic stress responses as well.
Practical problems in the application of the sequence stratigraphic method and key surfaces: integrating observations from ancient fluvial–deltaic wedges with Quaternary and modelling studies
Authors: BHATTACHARYA JANOK P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSequence stratigraphy solved the basic problem that genetically related, but different, lithofacies were routinely assigned to different lithostratigraphic units defined by arbitrary vertical and horizontal cutoffs. Stratigraphically important stratal relationships, and especially stratal terminations (for example, lapout) can be observed in seismic data and can be documented in continuous outcrops, such as in the deserts of the Western Interior of North America and in closely spaced well‐log data sets. In sparse data sets, interpolation of lapout patterns introduces uncertainty in correlation and designation of sequences and systems tracts and their associated surfaces. Diachroneity of fluvial terrace deposits is documented using detailed facies architectural studies, and calls into question the assumed chronostratigraphic significance of many so‐called sequence boundaries identified in the rocks of the Cretaceous Interior Seaway of North America. Sequence boundaries, formed during prolonged sea‐level falls, may be less chronostratigraphically significant than transgressive surfaces formed during rapid rises. As a consequence, flooding surfaces are theoretically more significant, and also have greater utility as allostratigraphic boundaries, although they may also exhibit diachroneity. Tectonic unconformities produce differential lithospheric deformation, which results in angular unconformities, although the angle of discordance may be very small. In the Cretaceous Interior Seaway of North America, such unconformities may be expressed by marine erosion in distal basin settings. Regional isochronous bentonites provide useful marker beds that clearly illustrate angular discordance. In the fluvial realm, such tectonic discontinuities may be indicated by changes in palaeocurrent orientations, as well as by provenance changes. Although sequence stratigraphy provides a powerful methodology and theoretical framework for correlating and understanding the evolution of stratigraphic successions in the context of changing accommodation, allostratigraphy remains the only accepted scheme for the formal naming of stratigraphic units based on bounding discontinuities. Whatever type of sequence stratigraphy or allostratigraphy is preferred, in all cases it is key to recognize that sequence stratigraphy, at its heart, is the re‐ordering, correlation, and sometimes renaming of stratigraphic units on the basis of bounding discontinuities and their correlative surfaces, as opposed to the arbitrary lithofacies‐oriented approach using broad facies zones (for example, ‘shazam lines’) or arbitrary cutoffs, such as is used in traditional lithostratigraphy.
Tectonic sedimentology: sediment systems deciphering global to local tectonics
Authors: LEEDER MICHAEL R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTectonic sedimentology has broad appeal because it can be applied at many time and length scales, such as sedimentary consequences of: changing rates of plate creation at mid‐ocean ridges, continent–continent collisions, plateaux uplift, active plate margins, extensional rift tectonics and the birth, growth and death of individual folds and faults. Tectonic sedimentology deals with the direct influence of neotectonics on sedimentation and basin development, and with the inverse problem of reconstructing the order and development of palaeotectonic structures. This review attempts to show how the scope and importance of the subject has developed over the last decade and is divided into five themes: (i) At the largest tectonic scale, constraints on mid‐ocean ridge activity and continent–continent collisions come from: (a) precise chemical analyses of fluid inclusions in marine halite deposits dating back to ca 550 Ma; (b) Sr‐isotopic ratios of marine Phanerozoic calcitic fossils; and (c) chemical composition of Archaean and Proterozoic banded iron formations. (ii) At regional scales, constraints on the timing and extent of continental plateau uplift/incision and cratonic tilting are given by: (a) palaeoaltimetry estimates from oxygen isotope depletion in carbonate palaeosols; (b) radiometric dating of palaeowater‐table speleothems; and (c) preferential river migration. (iii) At basin scales, catchment processes are emphasized as key controls on sediment flux from tectonic uplands to sedimentary basins. The inadequacy of sediment transport algorithms based on tractive stress and flow power to describe erosion, incision and sediment transport during the most formative catchment hydrological events is emphasized. (iv) Rates of basin‐scale fault and fold growth, displacement, death and basement uplift are provided by application of facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy to accurately‐dated sediments in sedimentary basins. (v) The effects of changing climate and varying basin base‐level in modifying tectonic influences on erosion and sedimentation are examined. In such cases, experimental and numerical modelling using multi‐variate parameters of subsidence rate, sediment supply and sea‐level change can shed light on the problem. Future developments will undoubtedly improve such models, hopefully establishing full linkage and feedback between sediment/water supply and changing climate within an overall tectonic framework that may itself be changing.
Enhanced levels of vitamin B6 increase aerial organ size and positively affect stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Raschke Maja , Boycheva Svetlana , Crèvecoeur Michèle , Nunes‐Nesi Adriano , Witt Sandra , Fernie Alisdair R. , Amrhein Nikolaus , Fitzpatrick Teresa B. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryVitamin B6 is an essential nutrient in the human diet derived primarily from plant sources. While it is well established as a cofactor for numerous metabolic enzymes, more recently, vitamin B6 has been implicated as a potent antioxidant. The de novo vitamin B6 biosynthesis pathway in plants has recently been unraveled and involves only two proteins, PDX1 and PDX2. To provide more insight into the effect of the compound on plant development and its role as an antioxidant, we have overexpressed the PDX proteins in Arabidopsis, generating lines with considerably higher levels of the vitamin in comparison with other recent attempts to achieve this goal. Interestingly, it was possible to increase the level of only one of the two catalytically active PDX1 proteins at the protein level, providing insight into the mechanism of vitamin B6 homeostasis in planta. Vitamin B6 enhanced lines have considerably larger vegetative and floral organs and although delayed in pre‐reproductive development, do not have an altered overall morphology. The vitamin was observed to accumulate in seeds and the enhancement of its levels was correlated with an increase in their size and weight. This phenotype is predominantly a consequence of embryo enlargement as reflected by larger cells. Furthermore, plants that overaccumulate the vitamin have an increased tolerance to oxidative stress providing in vivo evidence for the antioxidant functionality of vitamin B6. In particular, the plants show an increased resistance to paraquat and photoinhibition, and they attenuate the cell death response observed in the conditional flu mutant.
Posteromedial diaphragmatic hernia following pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Moon Suk‐Bae , Jung Soo‐Min , Kwon Choon‐Hyuk , Kim Sung‐Joo , Joh Jae‐Won , Seo Jeong‐Meen , Lee Suk‐Koo 
Published: January 2011

Moon S‐B, Jung S‐M, Kwon C‐H, Kim S‐J, Joh J‐W, Seo J‐M, Lee S‐K. Posteromedial diaphragmatic hernia following pediatric liver transplantation.Abstract:  Diaphragmatic hernia is a rare complication following pediatric LT. Here, four children who developed right‐sided posteromedial diaphragmatic hernias after LT are reported. The primary disease was biliary atresia in two patients, hemangioendothelioma in one, and angiosarcoma in one patient. All of the patients underwent living‐donor LT using a left lateral graft. The patients presented with abdominal and/or pulmonary signs and symptoms. The diaphragmatic hernias were diagnosed at 28 days to seven months post‐transplant by standard radiographs or chest CT. The defects were located at the posteromedial aspect of the diaphragm and were closed by primary closure. After diaphragm repair, the post‐operative course was unremarkable and there were no recurrences. Thermal or mechanical injuries to the bare area, especially in cases of excessive adhesion between the liver and diaphragm after Kasai operation, were the possible causes of the posteromedial diaphragmatic hernia after pediatric LT.
West Nile virus encephalitis acquired via liver transplantation and clinical response to intravenous immunoglobulin: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rhee C. , Eaton E.F. , Concepcion W. , Blackburn B.G. 
Published: January 2011

C. Rhee, E.F. Eaton, W. Concepcion, B.G. Blackburn. West Nile virus encephalitis acquired via liver transplantation and clinical response to intravenous immunoglobulin: case report and review of the literature. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 312–317. All rights reservedAbstract: A patient developed West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis 2 weeks after receiving a liver transplant and recovered fully, following treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Laboratory testing documented transmission from the organ donor. Clinicians should be suspicious for organ‐transmitted WNV in any post‐transplant patient who develops fever and neurological symptoms. We review previous cases of organ‐transmitted WNV, the use of IVIg for WNV encephalitis, and the issue of organ donor screening.
Isolation and characterization of simple sequence repeat markers for the tetraploid forage grass Dactylis glomerata
Authors: Hirata Mariko , Yuyama Nana , Cai Hongwei 
Published: January 2011

With 1 table AbstractTo isolate simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from Dactylis glomerata, four SSR‐enriched genomic libraries for different repeat motifs from genomic DNA of a Japanese orchardgrass variety, ‘Akimidori II’, were constructed. A total of 969 unique SSR‐containing clones were identified and used for primer design. A BLAST search revealed that 63 of the sequences showed significant homology with sequences of other plant species including 18 that showed significant gene homology. After screening of a panel consisting of eight orchardgrass individuals, 606 SSR markers showed polymorphism, 70 generated monomorphic bands and the other primers either generated multiple bands or did not provide any amplification product. In the 606 polymorphic SSR markers, most had a large number of alleles, ranging from 1 to 13 with an average of 4.5 alleles per SSR primer pair. The number of alleles per individual ranged from 1 to 4. These SSR markers developed in this study will have broad utility for genotyping applications in this species, including gene targeting, quantitative trait locus mapping, variety or species identification and marker‐assisted selection.
Selection of pigeonpea genotypes for tolerance to aluminium toxicity
Authors: Choudhary Arbind K. , Singh Dharmendra , Iquebal Mir A. 
Published: January 2011

With 2 tables AbstractAluminium toxicity is a major growth limiting factor for pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] production in acid soils. Thus, screening and selection of pigeonpea genotypes for aluminium tolerance is important. The effects of five aluminium concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 ppm Al) on 32 genotypes of pigeonpea were studied in hydroponic and sand assays (growth response methods). Ratings of genotypes were similar for the two screening methods, suggesting that either of the two could be used for evaluation of genotypes for aluminium tolerance. Root and shoot aluminium contents were significantly lower in the tolerant (‘IPA 7‐10′ and ‘T 7’) than sensitive genotypes (‘Bahar’ and ‘Pusa 9’), indicating that aluminium tolerance mechanism per se in the tolerant genotypes involved aluminium exclusion. Genotypes ‘IPA 7‐10’ and ‘T 7’ will be useful in breeding programmes to improve aluminium tolerance in pigeonpea.
Dependability of Personality, Life Satisfaction, and Affect in Short‐Term Longitudinal Data
Authors: Anusic Ivana , Lucas Richard E. , Donnellan M. Brent 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe consistency of individual differences across time has implications for theory building and clinical applications. Indeed, personality psychologists have long worked to place constructs on the continuum of consistency of more trait‐like to more state‐like constructs. Recently, Chmielewski and Watson () highlighted the importance of dependability coefficients for interpreting the results of stability studies. These coefficients provide an estimate of how strongly short‐term transient error affects retest correlations for a given measure. In this article, we use a modified version of Kenny and Zautra's (, ) STARTS model to estimate dependability of personality, life satisfaction, and affect in a 2‐month longitudinal study of 8 waves. Results from 226 undergraduate students indicated that personality ratings were least influenced by transient state factors, whereas affect was most influenced. We discuss these findings in terms of their implications for the continuum of consistency and for the practical issue of selecting retest intervals for dependability analyses.
Uncovering the Affective Core of Conscientiousness: The Role of Self‐Conscious Emotions
Authors: Fayard Jennifer V. , Roberts Brent W. , Robins Richard W. , Watson David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe conducted 3 studies to test the idea that guilt is a key affective component of Conscientiousness and that it can account for the relation between Conscientiousness and negative affect. Study 1 used meta‐analysis to show that Conscientiousness was associated with specific emotions and overall negative affect but was most strongly associated with guilt. Conscientiousness was negatively related to guilt experience but positively related to guilt proneness. Also, guilt experience mediated the relation between Conscientiousness and negative affect. Study 2 (N = 142) examined the relation between facets of Conscientiousness and guilt. We replicated results from Study 1 and showed that the relation between Conscientiousness and guilt was not due to overlap with Extraversion and Neuroticism. Study 3 (n = 176) examined the interplay between Conscientiousness and guilt on grades in a short‐term longitudinal study. These studies showed that Conscientiousness is primarily related to guilt and highlighted the importance of examining the emotional substrate of Conscientiousness.
A Survey of Real‐Time Hard Shadow Mapping Methods
Authors: Scherzer Daniel , Wimmer Michael , Purgathofer Werner 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBecause of its versatility, speed and robustness, shadow mapping has always been a popular algorithm for fast hard shadow generation since its introduction in 1978, first for offline film productions and later increasingly so in real‐time graphics. So it is not surprising that recent years have seen an explosion in the number of shadow map related publications. Because of the abundance of articles on the topic, it has become very hard for practitioners and researchers to select a suitable shadow algorithm, and therefore many applications miss out on the latest high‐quality shadow generation approaches. The goal of this survey is to rectify this situation by providing a detailed overview of this field. We show a detailed analysis of shadow mapping errors and derive a comprehensive classification of the existing methods. We discuss the most influential algorithms, consider their benefits and shortcomings and thereby provide the readers with the means to choose the shadow algorithm best suited to their needs.
Compact Models
Authors: Coll Narcís , Paradinas Teresa 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Development of approximation techniques for highly detailed surfaces is one of the challenges faced today. We introduce a new mesh structure that allows dense triangular meshes of arbitrary topology to be approximated. The structure is constructed from the information gathered during a simplification process. Each vertex of the simplified model collects a neighbourhood of input vertices. Then, each neighbourhood is fitted by a set of local surfaces taking into account the sharp features detected. The simplified model plus the parameters of these local surfaces, conveniently stored in a file, is what we call Compact Model (CM). The input model can be approximated from its CM by refining each triangle of the simplified model. The main feature of our approach is that each triangle is refined by blending the local surfaces at its vertices, which can be done independently of the others. Consequently, adaptive reconstructions are possible, local shape deformations can be incorporated and the whole approximation process can be completely parallelized.
Adaptive Records for Irradiance Caching
Authors: Ribardière Mickaël , Carré Samuel , Bouatouch Kadi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIrradiance Caching is one of the most widely used algorithms to speed up global illumination. In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on the Irradiance Caching scheme that allows us (1) to adjust the density of cached records according to illumination changes and (2) to efficiently render the high‐frequency illumination changes. To achieve this, a new record footprint is presented. Although the original method uses records having circular footprints depending only on geometrical features, our record footprints have a more complex shape which accounts for both geometry and irradiance variations. Irradiance values are computed using a classical Monte Carlo ray tracing method that simplifies the determination of nearby objects and the pre‐computation of the shape of the influence zone of the current record. By gathering irradiance due to all the incident rays, illumination changes are evaluated to adjust the footprint’s records. As a consequence, the record footprints are smaller where illumination gradients are high. With this technique, the record density depends on the irradiance variations. Strong variations of irradiance (due to direct contributions for example) can be handled and evaluated accurately. Caching direct illumination is of high importance, especially in the case of scenes having many light sources with complex geometry as well as surfaces exposed to daylight. Recomputing direct illumination for the whole image can be very time‐consuming, especially for walkthrough animation rendering or for high‐resolution pictures. Storing such contributions in the irradiance cache seems to be an appropriate solution to accelerate the final rendering pass.
The co‐marking of aged bodies and migrant bodies: migrant workers’ contribution to geriatric medicine in the UK
Authors: Raghuram Parvati , Bornat Joanna , Henry Leroi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article sits at the nexus between two bodies of work, gerontology and migration research, both of which have theorised the body as the locus of stigma. Gerontologists, while acknowledging the significance of perceptions of the ageing body for engagement and participation in society, have often evaded direct engagement with physical and medical understandings of older bodies. In parallel, research which focuses on migration, race and the body has focused on how the migrant body is stigmatised both because of its somatic markers and because of the status of the frail older people whom they tend. Drawing on oral history interviews with UK born and South Asian overseas‐trained geriatricians, the article argues that the two bodies, which are usually seen in negative ways, came together in meaningful ways in the development of the specialty of geriatric medicine. Thinking of the body as an assemblage with many elements, some of which are stigmatised but which can nevertheless be recuperated, helps us to think beyond stigma in the context of body work.