bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organochlorine contaminants in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) living downstream from a bleachedkraft pulp mill in the Miramichi Estuary, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Couillard Catherine M , Nellis Pierre 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMummichog, a small-sized sentinel fish species, has been proposed for use in environmental effects monitoring programs conducted by pulp mills that release their effluent in marine waters. In order to evaluate the suitability of mummichog as a sentinel species and to support the interpretation of biological effects data, tissue concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, (PCDD/Fs), chlorophenolic compounds (CPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and chlorinated pesticides were investigated in mummichog sampled in the Miramichi Estuary, which was receiving a bleached-kraft mill (BKM) effluent, and in a reference estuary, the Bouctouche Estuary. Higher concentrations PCDD/Fs (up to 50 times), CPs (up to 60 times), DDT, and PCBs (up to 10 times) were found in mummichog sampled at the upstream site of the Miramichi Estuary. At this site, 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent concentrations were slightly above the threshold for ethoxy resorufin O-deethylase induction. Multivariate analyses on congener profiles revealed that the contamination by PCDD/Fs and CPs originated both from the BKM and from a former wood-preservation plant and that PCDD/Fs and CPs typical of the BKM were transported 40 km downstream from the mill. Patterns and levels of persistent contaminants differed between sites within the Estuary, indicating that the fish did not mix during their growing period. These findings support the use of mummichog in environmental effects monitoring programs, because this species bioaccumulates chlorinated compounds contained in BKM effluent and is sedentary. The cause-effect relationship between exposure to the BKM effluent and the observed biological responses will have to be demonstrated by laboratory studies because of the presence of multiple sources of contamination.
Dietary zinc reduces uptake but not metallothionein binding and elimination of cadmium in the springtail, Orchesella cincta
Authors: Sterenborg Ingrid , Vork Nicole A. , Verkade Sebastiaan K. , van Gestel Cornelis A. M. , van Straalen Nico M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
In metal-polluted environments, high concentrations of metals such as zinc, cadmium, copper, and lead are present. Many studies have been conducted to determine uptake and binding of the nonessential, toxic metal cadmium. Effects of essential metals on this uptake and binding remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of zinc on cadmium kinetics and metallothionein induction in the springtail Orchesella cincta. Exposure experiments were conducted with cadmium only, zinc only, and cadmium + zinc. Metallothionein was isolated to determine zinc binding to or induction of this cadmium-binding protein. In animals exposed to cadmium only and to cadmium + zinc, metallothionein was induced. In animals exposed to zinc only, no metallothionein was induced, and zinc did not bind to the metallothionein induced by cadmium. Cadmium uptake rate was significantly lower in animals exposed to cadmium + zinc than in animals exposed to cadmium only. No significant pattern of uptake and elimination of zinc was observed. Zinc concentrations in the animals were not significantly different for the different exposures, demonstrating that this element is regulated by O. cincta. These results suggest a protective role of zinc in the uptake of cadmium but no interference of zinc with the internal cadmium distribution and elimination.
The missing biomarker link: Relationships between effects on the cellular energy allocation biomarker of toxicant-stressedDaphnia magnaand corresponding population characteristics
Authors: De Coen Wim M. , Janssen Colin R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe cellular energy allocation (CEA) methodology was used to assess the adverse effects of toxic stress on the energy budget of test organisms. This biochemical assay is quantified by determining changes in the available energy reserves, Ea (total carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content) and the energy consumption, Ec (electron transport activity). The CEA methodology was fully explored by using neonates of Daphnia magna exposed for 96 h to six model toxicants (CdCl2, K2Cr2O7, tributyltin chloride, linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium pentachlorophenolate, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). To evaluate the ecological relevance of the CEA parameter, we compared the suborganismal responses with population-level parameters (obtained from 21-d life-table experiments) such as the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and the mean total offspring per female. The observed reductions in CEA values were both the result of a decrease in Ea and an increase in Ec. From all individual CEA components analyzed, the lipid reserve criterion was the most sensitive endpoint studied. Both the CEA-based lowest-observed-adverse-effect concentration (LOAEC) values and the effective concentration of 10% (EC10) values were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) and linearly correlated with the chronic (21-d) LOAEC and EC10 values based on growth, survival, and reproduction. This relationship demonstrates the usefulness of the methodology to predict long-term effects. Furthermore, significant (p &lt; 0.0001) sigmoid relationships between the 96-h CEA value (expressed as percentage relative to the control) and population-level effects were observed.
Mobile and immobile fluid transport: Coupling framework
Authors: Geiser Jürgen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe introduce a solver method for mobile and immobile transport regions. The motivation is driven by transport processes in porous media (e.g. waste disposal, chemical deposition processes).We analyze the coupled transport‐reaction equation with mobile and immobile areas.We apply analytical methods, such as Laplace‐transformation, and for the numerical methods we apply Godunov's scheme, see (Mat. Sb. 1959; 47:271–306; Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2002).The method is based numerically on flux‐based characteristic methods and is an attractive alternative to the classical higher‐order TVD methods, see (J. Comput. Phys. 1993; 49:357–393). In this paper, we will focus on the derivation of analytical solutions for general and special solutions of the characteristic methods that are embedded in a finite‐volume method.At the end of the paper, we illustrate the higher‐order method for different benchmark problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Filtered POD‐based low‐dimensional modeling of the 3D turbulent flow behind a circular cylinder
Authors: Aradag Selin , Siegel Stefan , Seidel Jürgen , Cohen Kelly , McLaughlin Thomas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLow‐dimensional models have proven essential for feedback control and estimation of flow fields. While feedback control based on global flow estimation can be very efficient, it is often difficult to estimate the flow state if structures of very different length scales are present in the flow. The conventional snapshot‐based proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), a popular method for low‐order modeling, does not separate the structures according to size, since it optimizes modes based on energy. Two methods are developed in this study to separate the structures in the flow based on size. One of them is Hybrid Filtered POD method and the second one is 3D FFT‐based Filtered POD approach performed using a fast Fourier transform (FFT)‐based spatial filtering. In both the methods, a spatial low‐pass filter is employed to precondition snapshot sets before deriving POD modes. Three‐dimensional flow data from the simulation of turbulent flow over a circular cylinder wake at Re=20000 is used to evaluate the performance of the two methods. Results show that both the FFT‐based 3D Filtered POD and Hybrid Filtered POD are able to capture the large‐scale features of the flow, such as the von Karman vortex street, while not being contaminated by small‐scale turbulent structures present in the flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kernel‐based vector field reconstruction in computational fluid dynamic models
Authors: Bonaventura L. , Iske A. , Miglio E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractKernel‐based reconstruction methods are applied to obtain highly accurate approximations of local vector fields from normal components assigned at the edges of a computational mesh. The theoretical background of kernel‐based reconstructions for vector‐valued functions is first reviewed, before the reconstruction method is adapted to the specific requirements of relevant applications in computational fluid dynamics. To this end, important computational aspects concerning the design of the reconstruction scheme like the selection of suitable stencils are explained in detail. Extensive numerical examples and comparisons concerning hydrodynamic models show that the proposed kernel‐based reconstruction improves the accuracy of standard finite element discretizations, including Raviart–Thomas (RT) elements, quite significantly, while retaining discrete conservation properties of important physical quantities, such as mass, vorticity, or potential enstrophy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot study to estimate the accuracy of mouth self‐examination in an at‐risk group
Authors: Scott Suzanne E. , Rizvi Kulsoom , Grunfeld Elizabeth A. , McGurk Mark 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground.Mouth self‐examination (MSE) is a possible method of detecting oral cancer early. This study aimed to determine whether those at risk of developing oral cancer are able to correctly detect potentially malignant oral lesions via MSE.Methods.Participants (53 smokers aged over 45 years) received an oral mucosal examination by the dentist and then performed MSE after education through a self‐read leaflet. The dentist and participant both recorded the presence and absence of potentially malignant oral lesions.Results.The prevalence of potentially malignant oral lesions was 22%. The sensitivity of MSE was 33% and the specificity was 54%. MSE had a positive predictive value of 17% and a negative predictive value of 73%.Conclusion.The at‐risk group were poor at correctly identifying the presence or absence of potentially malignant oral lesions. A leaflet may be an ineffective training tool to aid self‐identification of potentially malignant oral lesions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Pathologic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Trivedi Nirav P. , Ravindran Hiran Kattilaparambil , Sundram Shanmugham , Iyer Subramania , Kekatpure Vikram , Durah Sundeep , Kuriakose Moni Abraham 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground.The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of different methods of pathologic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes.Methods.In this prospective study, sentinel nodes were evaluated for occult metastasis using frozen section, imprint‐cytology, hematoxylin‐eosin staining, serial step sectioning (SSS) with hematoxylin‐eosin, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Metastases were classified into macrometastasis (>2.0 mm), micrometastasis (0.2 mm–2.0 mm), isolated tumor cells (<0.2 mm).Results.Occult metastasis was detected in 20 of 80 patients. Frozen section and imprint cytology identified metastasis in 10 of 20 patients, hematoxylin‐eosin stain in 13 patients; SSS upstaged the disease in a further 7 patients (9%). Frozen section detected macrometastasis in 7 of 8 cases but failed to detect smaller metastases (missed micrometastasis in 4 of 7 and isolated tumor cells in 5 of 5). SSS upstaged the disease by 10%, and sensitivity and negative predictive value of SSS with hematoxylin‐eosin stain were 90% and 97%, respectively.Conclusion.Frozen section and imprint cytology are not effective in identifying occult metastasis. IHC and SSS are required to identify micrometastasis and isolated tumor cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Tumor‐induced osteomalacia originating from the temporal bone: A case report
Authors: Kobayashi Kenya , Nakao Kazunari , Kawai Kensuke , Ito Ken , Hukumoto Seiji , Asakage Takahiro , Oota Satoshi , Motoi Ryo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground.Tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare clinical entity in which secondary osteomalacia is induced by tumor‐related products. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF‐23) mRNA is overexpressed in the tumor tissue, leading to impaired reabsorption of phosphorus in the renal tubules and hypophosphatemia. Curative treatment is considered to be total resection of the tumor.Methods and Results.A 53‐year‐old woman had experienced systemic bone pain and muscle weakness for several years. She had refractory hypophosphatemia and marked elevation of serum FGF‐23 level. Whole body imaging eventually revealed a hypervascular mass in the right temporal bone, leading to a diagnosis of TIO. She underwent skull‐base surgery after embolization of the tumor. After the en bloc resection, FGF‐23 became undetectable, phosphate reabsorption normalized, and all symptoms resolved.Conclusions.We discuss the clinical features and treatment options for this rare disease. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Is iPS cell the panacea?
Authors: Ou Li , Wang Xiaochen , Zou Fangdong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn 2006, it was reported that transgenic expression of merely four defined transcription factors (c‐Myc, Klf4, Oct4, and Sox2) is sufficient to reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state. The resulting induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells ignited intense interest in the field of life science for their promising applications in basic biology, drug development, and transplantation. However, the underlying problems of iPS cells seem to be ignored. This review shed light on the problems pertaining iPS cells, including the elusive origin, risk of tumorgenesis, and its relationship with natural selection. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(3): 170–175, 2010
Role of the SNK‐SPAR pathway in the development of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gong Xiaoyang , Lu Xiaoguang , Zhan Libin , Sui Hua , Qi Xin , Ji Zhenghong , Niu Xinping , Liu Li 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The beta‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) is the primary constituent of the senile plaques, and has been proposed to be a key contributor to the neurodegeneration observed in AD. The molecular mechanisms underlying dendritic spine damage that is induced by Aβ toxicity in AD patients remain largely unknown. It has been suggested previously that the SNK‐SPAR signaling pathway is involved in activity‐dependent remodeling of synapses. The relationship between the SNK‐SPAR pathway and Aβ‐induced excitotoxicity, however, is poorly understood. The present study investigated the effects of bilateral intrahippocampal injection of Aβ peptide 1–40 (Aβ1–40) on learning and memory in the rat, and explored the mechanisms underlying the effects of this injection. We reported that bilateral injection of Aβ1–40 in rats resulted in impaired performance in the step‐down passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. Then we examined mRNA and protein expression levels in the different brain regions one week after injection with Aβ1–40 and found that the SNK‐SPAR signaling pathway was possibly involved in dendritic spine damage in the different brain regions of Aβ‐treated rats. These results demonstrate that the SNK‐SPAR pathway may possibly play a crucial role in Aβ‐induced excitotoxic damage in the central nervous system by regulating synaptic stability. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(3): 214–221, 2010
Upregulation of genes orchestrating keratinocyte differentiation, including the novel marker gene ID2, by contact sensitizers in human bulge‐derived keratinocytes
Authors: Yoshikawa Yoshie , Sasahara Yusuke , Kitano Yukio , Kanazawa Nozomi , Shima Hiroki , Hashimoto‐Tamaoki Tomoko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the epidermis, keratinocytes are involved in physical and first‐line immune protection of the host. In this study, we analyzed the molecular responses to certain contact sensitizers (2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene and NiSO4) and irritants (sodium dodecyl sulfate and benzalkonium chloride) in cultured human keratinocytes from the bulge region of a plucked hair follicle (bulge‐derived keratinocytes [BDKs]) and compared these molecular responses to those with the human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP‐1. The BDKs, individually established without invasive biopsies, showed high reactivity to these stimulants. As a primary response to the contact sensitizers, the NRF2‐mediated signaling pathway was upregulated in BDKs and THP‐1. The expression of IL1B and IL8 genes was not induced by the irritants but by the sensitizers in THP‐1. However, the expression of the IL1B and IL8 genes was induced at higher levels by the irritants in BDKs than by the sensitizers. Many genes orchestrating keratinocyte differentiation, including ID2, were significantly upregulated in response to the sensitizers in BDKs but not those in THP‐1. The use of the ID2 gene to discriminate between sensitizers and irritants might be effective as a novel marker for application during in vitro sensitization with BDKs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:10–20, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20307
Proteomics analysis of liver samples from puffer fish Takifugu rubripes exposed to excessive fluoride: An insight into molecular response to fluorosis
Authors: Lu Jian , Zheng Jianzhou , Liu Haijun , Li Jun , Xu Qinggang , Chen Keping 
Published: February 2010

AbstractComparative proteomics was performed to identify proteins in the liver of Takifugu rubripes in response to excessive fluoride exposure. Sixteen fish were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group was raised in soft water alone (F− = 0.4 mg/L), and the experimental group was raised in the same water with sodium fluoride at a high concentration of 35 mg/L. After 3 days, proteins were extracted from the fish livers and then subjected to two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) was applied to identify the proteins that were differentially expressed from the two groups of fish. Among an average of 816 and 918 proteins detected in the control and treated groups, respectively, 16 proteins were upregulated and 35 were downregulated (P < 0.01) in the fluoride‐treated group as compared with those in the control group. Twenty‐four highly differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed by MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS, and eight were identified by Mascot. These eight proteins include disulfide isomerase ER‐60, 4SNc‐Tudor domain protein, SMC3 protein, Cyclin D1, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 10, as well as three unknown proteins. Consistent with their previously known functions, these identified proteins seem to be involved in apoptosis and other functions associated with fluorosis. These results will greatly contribute to our understanding of the effects of fluoride exposure on the physiological and biochemical functions of Takifugu and the toxicological mechanism of fluoride causing fluorosis in both fish and human. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:21–28, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20308
Heterologous expression, purification, and biochemical characterization of a greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) acetylcholinesterase encoded by a paralogous gene (ace‐1)
Authors: Zhao Picheng , Zhu Kun Yan , Jiang Haobo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase is a critical enzyme in the regulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in insects. To produce Schizaphis graminum acetylcholinesterase‐1 for structure–function analysis, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus to infect Sf9 cells, which secreted the soluble protein at a final concentration of 4.0 mg/L. The purified enzyme had an apparent Mr of 70 and 130 kDa in the reducing and nonreducing SDS‐polyacrylamide gels, respectively, indicating that it formed a dimer via an intermolecular disulfide bond. The fresh enzyme had a specific activity of 245 U/mg, which stabilized at a lower level (115 U/mg) in storage. The Michaelis constant and maximum velocity were 88.3 ± 9.6 μM and 133.2 ± 1.6 U/mg for acetylthiocholine iodide, 113.9 ± 12.5 μM and 106.4 ± 3.0 U/mg for acetyl(β‐methyl)thiocholine iodide, 68.9 ± 7.8 μM and 76.7 ± 1.0 U/mg for propionylthiocholine iodide, and 201.1 ± 21.0 μM and 4.4 ± 0.1 U/mg for S‐butyrylthiocholine iodide, respectively. The IC50 values (5 min, room temperature) of ethopropazine, BW284C51, carbaryl, eserine, malaoxon, and paraoxon were 102, 1.66, 0.94, 0.20, 0.061, 0.016 μM, respectively. The bimolecular reaction constants (ki) were (6.50 ± 0.40) × 104 for carbaryl, (1.00 ± 0.16) × 105 for eserine, (4.70 ± 0.13) × 105 for malaoxon, and (9.06 ± 0.23) × 105 M−1 min−1 for paraoxon. The enzyme was also inhibited by one of its products, choline, at concentrations higher than 20 mM, suggesting that choline bound to an anionic site and regulated the enzymatic activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:51–59, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20311
Effect of rosuvastatin on cholestasis‐induced hepatic injury in rat livers
Authors: Awad Azza S. , Kamel Rehab 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecent studies reported that 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors have pleotropic effects independent of their lipid‐lowering properties. The present study was undertaken to determine whether treatment with rosuvastatin (RO) would be beneficial in a rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL). Animals were divided into three groups: a sham group (group I), a BDL group treated with vehicle (group II), and a BDL group treated with RO (10 mg/kg) (group III). Serum levels of total bilirubin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly in group III when compared to group II. Lipid peroxides and NO levels of group III were found to be significantly lower than those of group II. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, and catalase) activity in liver tissues markedly decreased in group II, whereas treatment with RO preserved antioxidant enzyme activity. DT‐diaphorase activity in group II was significantly higher than that in group III. The histopathological results showed multiple numbers of newly formed bile ductules with inflammatory cells infiltration in group II. These pathological changes were improved in group III. Our data indicate that RO ameliorates hepatic injury, inflammation, lipid peroxidation and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in rats subjected to BDL. RO may have a beneficial effect on treatment of cholestatic liver diseases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:89–94, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20315