bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of unipolar psychotic depression: a randomized, double‐blind study comparing imipramine, venlafaxine, and venlafaxine plus quetiapine
Authors: Wijkstra J. , Burger H. , Van Den Broek W. W. , Birkenhäger T. K. , Janzing J. G. E. , Boks M. P. M. , Bruijn J. A. , Van Der Loos M. L. M. , Breteler L. M. T. , Ramaekers G. M. G. I. , Verkes R. J. , Nolen W. A. 
Published: August 2009

Wijkstra J, Burger H, van den Broek WW, Birkenhäger TK, Janzing JGE, Boks MPM, Bruijn JA, van der Loos MLM, Breteler LMT, Ramaekers GMGI, Verkes RJ, Nolen WA. Treatment of unipolar psychotic depression: a randomized, double‐blind study comparing imipramine, venlafaxine, and venlafaxine plus quetiapine.Objective:  It remains unclear whether unipolar psychotic depression should be treated with an antidepressant and an antipsychotic or with an antidepressant alone.Method:  In a multi‐center RCT, 122 patients (18–65 years) with DSM‐IV‐TR psychotic major depression and HAM‐D‐17 ≥ 18 were randomized to 7 weeks imipramine (plasma‐levels 200–300 μg/l), venlafaxine (375 mg/day) or venlafaxine–quetiapine (375 mg/day, 600 mg/day). Primary outcome was response on HAM‐D‐17. Secondary outcomes were response on CGI and remission (HAM‐D‐17).Results:  Venlafaxine–quetiapine was more effective than venlafaxine with no significant differences between venlafaxine–quetiapine and imipramine, or between imipramine and venlafaxine. Secondary outcomes followed the same pattern.Conclusion:  That unipolar psychotic depression should be treated with a combination of an antidepressant and an antipsychotic and not with an antidepressant alone, can be considered evidence based with regard to venlafaxine–quetiapine vs. venlafaxine monotherapy. Whether this is also the case for imipramine monotherapy is likely, but cannot be concluded from the data.
Perceived parental rearing in subjects with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their siblings
Authors: Lennertz L. , Grabe H. J. , Ruhrmann S. , Rampacher F. , Vogeley A. , Schulze‐Rauschenbach S. , Ettelt S. , Meyer K. , Kraft S. , Reck C. , Pukrop R. , John U. , Freyberger H. J. , Klosterkötter J. , Maier W. , Falkai P. , Wagner M. 
Published: August 2009

Lennertz L, Grabe HJ, Ruhrmann S, Rampacher F, Vogeley A, Schulze‐Rauschenbach S, Ettelt S, Meyer K, Kraft S, Reck C, Pukrop R, John U, Freyberger HJ, Klosterkötter J, Maier W, Falkai P, Wagner M. Perceived parental rearing in subjects with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their siblings.Objective:  Perceived parenting in patients suffering from obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is examined. We attempted to overcome some methodological limitations of prior studies by taking age of onset, parental OCD and comorbid depression into consideration. In addition, we included data from unaffected siblings to corroborate information on parental rearing.Method:  One hundred and twenty‐two cases with OCD and 41 of their siblings as well as 59 healthy controls and 45 of their siblings completed the German short‐version of the EMBU (FEE).Results:  Obsessive–compulsive disorder cases reported less parental warmth and more parental rejection and control. Further analyses indicated that parenting is also associated with OCD in cases with late onset and cases without parents affected by OCD. OCD cases with comorbid depression described their parents particularly negatively. Data from siblings indicated good validity of perceived parenting in OCD.Conclusion:  This study provides further evidence for dysfunctional child rearing being relevant to the development of OCD and depression.
Nodular mucinosis of the breast in a supernumerary nipple: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Manglik Niti , Berlingeri‐Ramos Alma C. , Boroumand Nahal , Eltorky Mahmoud 
Published: August 2009

Nodular mucinosis is an extraordinary stromal lesion of the breast. The usual clinical presentation is that of an oozing, slow‐growing, soft, non‐tender, lobulated mass in the subareolar region. Histologically, it is a non‐encapsulated myxoid/mucinous lesion with a sparse infiltrate of spindle cells within a collagenized stroma. The histogenesis of nodular mucinosis is undetermined but the pattern of staining of the spindle cells suggests it might be of myofibroblastic origin. We herein report for the first time in the English literature a case of nodular mucinosis occurring in a supernumerary nipple. We also discuss the main differential diagnoses and review the literature of previously published cases of this entity.Manglik N, Berlingeri‐Ramos AC, Boroumand N, Eltorky M. Nodular mucinosis of the breast in a supernumerary nipple: case report and review of the literature.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Urocortin Increases IL‐4 and IL‐10 Secretion and Reverses LPS‐induced TNF‐α Release from Human Trophoblast Primary Cells
Authors: Torricelli Michela , Voltolini Chiara , Bloise Enrrico , Biliotti Giulia , Giovannelli Alessia , De Bonis Maria , Imperatore Alberto , Petraglia Felice 
Published: August 2009

Problem  As urocortin (Ucn) is a placental peptide belonging to the corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) family that modulates immune function in other biological models, this study evaluated Ucn effects on cytokines secretion from cultured human trophoblast cells.Method of study  Placentas were collected from normal term pregnancies after elective caesarean section, and primary trophoblast culture was prepared followed by the treatment of Ucn and/or CRH selective antagonists, antalarmin and astressin 2b. The anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐10 and the pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α were measured by ELISA.Results  Urocortin treatment induced a significant and dose‐dependent increase of IL‐4 and IL‐10, whereas it did not affect TNF‐α secretion. When incubated in the presence of LPS, Ucn reversed LPS‐induced TNF‐α release from cultured trophoblast cells, an effect that was blocked by the CRH‐R2 selective antagonist, astressin 2b.Conclusion  Urocortin stimulates IL‐4 and IL‐10 secretion and reverses LPS‐induced TNF‐α release from trophoblast cells through action on CRH‐R2 receptors, suggesting that this peptide may play a possible role as an anti‐inflammatory agent.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Human Serum Complement C3 and Factor H in the Syndrome of Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Low Platelet Count
Authors: Ari Elif , Yilmaz Yusuf , Gul Ahmet , Alahdab Yesim Ozen , Kedrah Alla Eldeen , Macunluoglu Beyza , Aydin Atakan , Arikan Hakki , Ozener Cetin 
Published: August 2009

Problem  Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome (HELLP syndrome) is a life‐threatening variant of severe pre‐eclampsia in pregnant women. The complement system may play a role in the pathogenesis of this condition. We sought to determine serum complement 3 (C3) levels and its regulatory protein complement factor H (FH) in the HELLP syndrome.Method of study  Twenty‐two pre‐eclamptic patients with HELLP syndrome (mean age: 27.8 ± 6.2 years), 21 pre‐eclamptic patients without HELLP syndrome (mean age: 27.5 ± 6.8 years) and 24 normotensive, healthy pregnant women (mean age: 26.1 ± 4.4 years) were included in this study. Serum concentrations of C3 and FH were measured in all participants.Results  Concentrations of C3 and FH did not differ significantly between the study groups. In patients with the HELLP syndrome, FH levels were positively associated with platelet count.Conclusion  These findings did not support a major role of complement activation in the HELLP syndrome. In patients with HELLP, lower levels of FH are correlated with a reduced platelet count.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: A Retrospective Analysis of Fondaparinux Versus Enoxaparin Treatment in Women with Infertility or Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Winger Edward E. , Reed Jane L. 
Published: August 2009

Problem  We compared the pregnancy success rates and safety parameters of fondaparinux versus enoxaparin, combined with immunotherapy, in patients with a history of miscarriage and/or infertility and coagulant defects.Method of study  A total of 127 pregnancies in 110 patients with a history of miscarriage and/or infertility were retrospectively evaluated. Of these, 29 pregnancies used fondaparinux 2.5 mg daily and 98 pregnancies used enoxaparin 30 mg twice daily.Results  The pregnancy success rate was 59% (17/29; 95% CI, 41–75%) for patients receiving fondaparinux and 58% (57/98; 95% CI, 48–68%) for patients receiving enoxaparin. No difference was detected in birth weight (2.7 ± 0.8 and 2.9 ± 0.6 kg, respectively) or gestational age at delivery (37.3 ± 2.2 and 37.7 ± 2.1 weeks, respectively). No birth defects, severe bleeding‐related complications, or serious allergic reactions were observed.Conclusion  In patients with a history of miscarriage, infertility, and coagulant defects receiving immunotherapy, fondaparinux resulted in successful pregnancy outcomes comparable with enoxaparin therapy. Although no difference in outcome was observed in our analysis, a much larger study is required to achieve statistical power.
Repeatability of the low‐dose ACTH test in asthmatic children on inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Gupta Atul , Cheetham Tim , Jaffray Clare , Ullman Denise , Gibb Ian , Spencer David A 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAim:  To assess the repeatability of low‐dose Synacthen test (LDST) in asthmatic children receiving high‐dose fluticasone propionate (FP).Methods:  Low‐dose Synacthen test was performed on 18 children with stable chronic asthma treated with FP at a constant daily dose of ≥500 μg and repeated 1 month later. Repeatability was assessed using the Kappa statistic for categorical variables.Results:  Fifteen patients had consistent results (either two normal or two abnormal responses) and three patients had inconsistent results (one normal and one abnormal response). The Kappa statistic was 0.56 indicating fair to good agreement between the tests.Conclusion:  The results of adrenal function testing in patients on inhaled steroids can have major implications for patient management, making it important to use a test with excellent repeatability. The LDST conducted using our protocol does not fulfil this criterion.
What Happens When an Ice Sheet Melts?
Authors: Bamber Jonathan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The great ice sheets covering Antarctica and Greenland have enough frozen water locked in them to raise the global sea level by some 70 metres. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet may be inherently unstable and if it collapses the universal belief is that it would raise sea levels by 5–6 metres globally. But that estimate is wrong. What happens to sea levels when an ice sheet melts is complex and surprising. In some places, even, levels can go down. Jonathan Bamber explains.
PI3K/Akt signalling‐mediated protein surface expression sensed by 14‐3‐3 interacting motif
Authors: Chung Jean‐Ju , Okamoto Yukari , Coblitz Brian , Li Min , Qiu Yun , Shikano Sojin 
Published: August 2009

The regulation of protein expression on the cell surface membrane is an important component of the cellular response to extracellular signalling. The translation of extracellular signalling into specific protein localization often involves the post‐translational modification of cargo proteins. Using a genetic screen of random peptides, we have previously identified a group of C‐terminal sequences, represented by RGRSWTY‐COOH (termed ‘SWTY’), which are capable of overriding an endoplasmic reticulum localization signal and directing membrane proteins to the cell surface via specific binding to 14‐3‐3 proteins. The identity of the kinase signalling pathways that drive phosphorylation and 14‐3‐3 binding of the SWTY sequence is not known. In this study, we report that the activation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway by the over‐expression of active kinases, stimulation with fetal bovine serum or growth factors can: (a) phosphorylate the SWTY sequence; (b) recruit 14‐3‐3 proteins to SWTY; and (c) promote surface expression of the chimeric potassium channel fused with the SWTY sequence. The expression of the dominant negative Akt inhibited the enhancement of surface expression by fetal bovine serum. In addition, the activation of PI3K significantly enhanced the 14‐3‐3 association and cell surface expression of GPR15, a G protein‐coupled receptor which carries an endogenous SWTY‐like, C‐terminal, 14‐3‐3 binding sequence and is known to serve as a HIV co‐receptor. Given the wealth and specificity of both kinase activity and 14‐3‐3 binding sequences, our results suggest that the C‐terminal SWTY‐like motif may serve as a sensor that can selectively induce the cell surface expression of membrane proteins in response to different extracellular signals.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7233053: PKA (uniprotkb:P17612) phosphorylates (MI:0217) Kir2.1 (uniprotkb:P35561) by protein kinase assay (MI:0424)
MINT‐7233066: GPR15 (uniprotkb:Q9BG77) physically interacts (MI:0915) with 14‐3‐3 protein beta (uniprotkb:P31946) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
Injuries significantly associated with thoracic spine fractures: A case–control study
Authors: Singh Ranjit , Taylor David McD , D'Souza Donna , Gorelik Alexandra , Page Patrick , Phal Pramit 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective:  To determine injuries significantly associated with traumatic thoracic spine (T‐spine) fracturesMethods:  This was a case–control study undertaken in an adult trauma centre. Cases were patients admitted with a traumatic T‐spine fracture between January 1999 and August 2007. Each case had two controls matched for sex, age (±5 years) and injury severity classification (major/minor). Data were collected from patient medical records and the trauma service database. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine injuries significantly associated with T‐spine fracture.Results:  Two hundred and sixty‐one cases and 512 controls were enrolled. In both groups, mean age was 41 years and 70% of patients were male. Univariate analysis revealed a range of injuries that were significantly more common among the cases, especially cervical and lumbar spine injuries, sternal/scapular/clavicular/rib fractures, pneumo/haemothorax and pulmonary contusions (P < 0.01). Skull fractures and lower limb injuries were significantly more common among the controls (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that only cervical and lumbar spine injuries and rib fractures were positively associated with T‐spine fracture (P < 0.001). Skull fractures and lower limb injuries were negatively associated with T‐spine injury (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Cervical and lumbar spine injuries and rib fractures are significantly associated with T‐spine fracture. The presence of these injuries should raise suspicion of concomitant T‐spine injury.
HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in the Albanian population and their relationship with the other European populations
Authors: Sulcebe G. , Sanchez‐Mazas A. , Tiercy J.‐M. , Shyti E. , Mone I. , Ylli Z. , Kardhashi V. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryHuman leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are very interesting markers in identifying population relationships. Moreover, their frequency distribution data are important in the implementation of donor–recipient registry programs for transplantation purposes and also in determining the genetic predisposition for many diseases. For these reasons, we studied the HLA class I and II allele and haplotype frequencies in 160 healthy, unrelated Albanian individuals originating from all regions of the country. The HLA genotyping was performed through a 2‐digit resolution SSOP method. The data were analysed with Arlequin and Phylip programs. No deviation was found from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. A total of 17 A*, 30 B*, 12 Cw*, 13 DRB1* and 5 DQB1* alleles were identified. The six most frequent HLA‐A‐B‐DRB1 haplotypes were A*02–B*18–DRB1*11 (5.60%), A*02–B*51–DRB1*16 (4.74%), A*01–B*08–DRB1*03 (3.48%), A*24–B*35–DRB1*11 (2.77%), A*02–B*51–DRB1*13 (2.21%), A*24–B*35–DRB1*14 (1.89%). Interestingly, 12 HLA‐A‐B‐Cw‐DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes occurred at a frequency >1%. When compared with the other populations, a close relationship was found with North Greek, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Romanian, Turkish, Cretan, Serbian, Croatian and Italian populations. A higher differentiation in allele frequency level was found with Western Europe populations. These data are the first report of HLA allele and haplotype distribution in an Albanian population inside this country. When compared with other populations, their distribution frequencies show close similarities with neighbouring populations of the entire Balkan area.
STUDIES ON SHELLING OF FROZEN SWEET CORN
Authors: SZYMANEK MARIUSZ 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT Commercially, the most common method of separating kernels from the sweet corn cob is by cutting the kernels with a sharp blade. This method does not allow the total removal of kernels from the cob. Approximately 20% of kernels remain on the cob. The objective of this study was to evaluate the shelling method for removal of kernels from frozen sweet corn cobs, on the base of hardness, separation rate, and share of damaged and total loss of kernels. The corn cobs prior to shelling were subjected to blanching in water and freezing by spraying liquid nitrogen. The freezing times of 2, 4 and 6 min significantly increased hardness and separation rate and decreased damage and kernels losses. Starting at 6 min there were no significant effects of increase in freezing time on average values of analyzed parameters. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCommercially, the most common method of separating sweet corn kernels from the cob is by cutting the kernels. The cutting operation severs the upper part of the kernel from the lower part, which remains on the cob. Thus, the hull of the kernel is broken open and part of each kernel is wasted. Furthermore, during subsequent wet‐processing, including washing and blanching of the severed kernels, part of the corn meat is leached from its pouch and lost. This work shows the new method for separation of kernels from the cob by freezing the kernels on the cob in nitrogen. The frozen cob is then subjected to impact in a threshing device. The advantage of this method is the reduction of waste and increased yield of corn. The results from this study can be used as reference for separating sweet corn in similar applications.
EFFECT OF ULTRA HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON CONCENTRATIONS OF LIMONENE, Α‐TERPINEOL AND CARVONE IN NAVEL ORANGE JUICE
Authors: PAN JIAN , WANG HAIXIANG , XIE HUIMING , YANG YI , ZENG QINGMEI 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to compare the effects of the selected variables on the changes of concentrations of limonene,α‐terpineol and carvone by ultra‐high hydrostatic pressure (UHP) treatment. A Box–Behnken experimental design was used with control variables of pressure (100–500 MPa), temperature (20–40C) and treatment time (10–20 min). Pressure, temperature and treatment time were found to be critical factors influencing changes of concentrations. Both pressure and temperature could cause limonene degradation, resulting in significant increase ofα‐terpineol and carvone concentrations. Limonene degradation was increased with increasing processing pressure or temperature. An interaction effect of pressure and temperature on limonene degradation was also found. This study showed that Box–Behnken design and RSM could be used to model the changes in concentrations of limonene,α‐terpineol and carvone in orange juice by UHP treatment.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAs we know, ultra‐high hydrostatic pressure (UHP) processing has been an attractive way to replace conventional heat treatments for the preservation of foods. In our study, models of changes in the key aroma compounds in orange juice under UHP process were established. The changes of these aroma compounds in orange juice under UHP process could be understood further by these models. An improved understanding of the effect of UHP on critical aroma quality compounds of orange juices was helpful for us to facilitate industrial adoption of this technology. An effective research way to study the effect on aroma compounds by UHP process was also offered. Base on the data, there was a reference for us to establish an establishment of UHP processing criteria for commercial production of high‐aroma‐quality orange juice.
FUNCTIONALITY OF AMIDATED LOW METHOXYL PECTIN AND XANTHAN GUM BLENDS ON THE TEXTURE AND COLOR OF MASHED POTATOES
Authors: CANET WENCESLAO , FERNÁNDEZ CRISTINA , ALVAREZ MARÍA DOLORES 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT Blends of amidated low methoxyl (ALM) pectin and xanthan gum (XG) were added to fresh (F) and frozen/thawed (F/T) mashed potatoes. Product was tested by instrumental texture profile (TPA), color, expressible water (Ew) and sensory analyses. A central composite rotatable experimental design was used to study the effects of variation on ALM pectin (1.5–4.5 g/kg) and XG (0.5–2.5 g/kg) concentrations. The effects were highly dependent on the levels of ALM and XG added, although XG influenced the mechanical behavior, color and water‐holding capacity of the mashed potatoes more than ALM pectin. F and F/T mashed potatoes with 3 g/kg added ALM pectin and 2.91 g/kg added XG exhibited the greatest consistency, adhesiveness and gumminess, which could be associated with an increase in the amount of XG–water interactions. Instrumental and sensory tests showed that, when 3 g/kg of ALM pectin and 1.5 g/kg of XG were included in the formulation, the mechanical and functional properties of F/T product were very acceptable, with almost no detectable changes in color attributes, and very good overall acceptability (OA) associated with a pronounced creamy sensation conferred by the XG.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMost frozen products exhibit some loss of quality due to freezing, frozen storage and thawing. In the case of mashed potatoes, freezing and thawing has a detrimental effect on physical properties and water‐holding capacity (WHC). The results show that the quality after freezing and thawing may be improved by the addition of 3 g/kg of amidated low methoxyl pectin and 1.5 g/kg of xanthan gum, incorporation of dietary fiber, improvement of mashed potatoes texture by retarding starch retrogradation and increasing WHC, and enhancing the principal characteristics determining consumer acceptance. These results have important implications for the production of frozen/thawed mashed potatoes with improved sensory quality and freeze‐thaw stability over time.