bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method of Inductive Sensor Impedance Measurement Applied to the Identification of Vehicle Parameters
Authors: Marszałek Zbigniew , Sroka Ryszard , Stencel Marek 
Published: April 2011

A New Method of Inductive Sensor Impedance Measurement Applied to the Identification of Vehicle Parameters
Inductive loop sensors are widely used for detection of presence, measurement of parameters as well as classification of vehicles. Vehicle classification may be performed based on their magnetic profiles. The magnetic profile is a signal which is proportional to the resultant of an impedance change of the sensor, caused by the measured object (the changes are minor - of the order of 1%). Generator and bridge circuits are most commonly used as conditioning circuits for such sensors. As a result we can obtain one output signal proportional to total changes of sensor parameters (R and L). In this paper, a modified bridge circuit that allows independent measurement of the components (R and L) of the sensor's impedance, has been proposed. With that provided, it is possible to receive broader information on the object, which allows higher classification resolution. This paper provides the concept of a circuit, model testing results, processing algorithms used and the test results of a real circuit.
Dynamically Programmable Analog Arrays in Acoustic Frequency Range Signal Processing
Authors: Falkowski Piotr , Malcher Andrzej 
Published: April 2011

Dynamically Programmable Analog Arrays in Acoustic Frequency Range Signal ProcessingField programmable analog arrays (FPAA), thanks to their flexibility and reconfigurability, give the designers quite new possibilities in analog circuit design. The number of both academic projects on FPAA and applications of commercially available programmable devices is still growing. This paper explores the properties and parameters of two most popular FPAA circuits: the AnadigmVortex AN221E04 and AnadigmApex AN231E04 from the Anadigm company. The research conducted by the authors led to the discovery of some undocumented features of these devices. Several applications for audio processing were built and tested. The results show that these circuits can be used in medium-demanding audio applications. Thanks to dynamic reconfigurability, they also allow to build an universal analog audio signal processor. These circuits can also act as a versatile platform for rapid prototyping and educational purposes.
Design and Performance of the Converging-Diverging Vortex Flowmeter
Authors: Sun Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2011

Design and Performance of the Converging-Diverging Vortex Flowmeter
The converging-diverging structure is introduced to extend the lower limit of measurement of vortex flowmeters. As a compact device, the converging-diverging vortex flowmeter is proposed and designed, and its performance is studied experimentally. It is found that, first of all, an up to 51% extension of the lower measurement limit can be realized through the converging-diverging structure, compared with conventional vortex flowmeters; second, the converging-diverging vortex flowmeter with a trapezoidal bluff body has a larger Strouhal number and smaller pressure loss. The results suggest that the converging-diverging vortex flowmeter provides an alternative device especially suitable for the measurement of low-velocity fluids.
Algorithmic Method for Phase Angle Shift of Noisy Voltages Using Conditional Averaging of Delayed Signal's Absolute Value
Authors: Kowalczyk Adam , Szlachta Anna 
Published: April 2011

Algorithmic Method for Phase Angle Shift of Noisy Voltages Using Conditional Averaging of Delayed Signal's Absolute Value
The method of a phase shift angle measurement using conditional averaging of delayed signal absolute value (CAAV) is presented in this paper. The input sinusoidal signal x(t) is without noise. White noise with normal distribution and band limited to low frequencies has been applied as disturbance of delayed sinusoidal signal z(t). Noise n(t) - N(0, σn) is added to the delayed signal - the noised and delayed signal z(t) is obtained. The phase angle shift is proportional to time location of CAAV's minimum (minimum of the characteristic of conditional averaging of delayed signal's absolute value). The phase angle shift can be determined on the basis of conditional averaging value of elaborated algorithm. The characteristics of conditional average of delayed signal's absolute value in the surrounding of the minimum of this function (the results of practical investigations and theoretical calculation) are presented. The experimental variance of characteristic CAAV in surroundings of the minimum (obtained from practical investigations and calculation) is illustrated in the paper. The algorithms of conditional averaging have been elaborated and practically realized in the LabVIEW environment.
A Complex Current Ratio Device for the Calibration of Current Transformer Test Sets
Authors: Çaycı Hüseyin 
Published: April 2011

A Complex Current Ratio Device for the Calibration of Current Transformer Test SetsA practical method with high accuracy in generation and application of error values for calibration of current transformer test sets is described. A PC-controlled three-phase power source with a standard wattmeter is used for generating the nominal and error test currents while an electronically compensated current comparator is used to provide summation and subtraction of them, precisely. With this method, any ratio error and phase displacement values could be generated automatically and nominal and test currents could be grounded on the test set safely. Because of its high accurate ratio and phase error generating capability, any type of test set regardless of its operating principles could be calibrated.
Mobilités résidentielles et nationalité en banlieue parisienne (Yvelines, Seine-Saint-Denis et Val d'Oise) de 1996 à 2005
Authors: Bergel Pierre , Desponds Didier 
Published: April 2011

Aborder la question de la nationalité suscite souvent de fortes inquiétudes : quels sont les objectifs poursuivis, à quoi l’étude va-t-elle servir ? Une fois ces réticences levées, se pose le problème de l’accès aux données permettant d’offrir un éclairage pertinent. Il s’agit ici d’exploiter les informations disponibles dans la base BIEN (Base d’informations économiques notariales) acquise auprès de la Chambre des notaires de Paris afin de proposer une analyse socio-géographique des transactions immobilières en Île-de-France impliquant des acquéreurs de nationalité non française. Ceux-ci se répartissent-ils de manière uniforme ? Des contrastes géographiques sont-ils observables ? L’actualisation régulière de la base BIEN permet de suivre les processus de transformation, de développer des approches de cinétique territoriale en identifiant des moments où se renforce un mouvement. Par contre, cette étude n’étant pas qualitative, il ne sera pas possible de décrire des stratégies résidentielles contribuant à alimenter ces dynamiques. Nous tenterons cependant de suggérer des pistes explicatives.
Humanimalité
Authors: Grim Olivier Rachid 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Dracula comme figure d’épouvante – par sa capacité à se transformer, entre autres, en animaux divers – suscite, de l’individuel au collectif, un intérêt sans cesse renouvelé. Pourquoi ? À partir de la dimension mythique des récits de vampires, l’auteur, par l’entreprise comparatiste, s’attache à montrer combien la figure du vampire est la parfaite métaphore du pervers narcissique dans ce qu’il est et ce qu’il fait.
Les identifications déshumanisantes : l'animalité dans la vie psychique et la création artistique
Authors: Korff-Sausse Simone 
Published: April 2011

Résumé L’auteur se propose d’étudier quels sont les enjeux psychiques de la rencontre avec l’animal, ou plutôt de la confrontation à l’animalité, dans l’investigation et le traitement psychanalytiques, ainsi que dans certaines créations artistiques. Les identifications animales apparaissent chez certains patients, surtout ceux qui relèvent de ce que l’auteur a appelé les cliniques de l’extrême, y révélant des aspects peu abordés, parfois cachés, de la vie psychique, en mobilisant des réactions contre-transférentielles complexes. Freud a souligné la part animale dans le sujet humain et a dénoncé l’idée que l’humain se serait coupé de son animalité. L’animalité dans la psychanalyse concerne la question de la pulsion et, plus particulièrement, du refoulement organique. Kafka, en particulier avec la nouvelle Compte-rendu pour une Académie qui raconte l’histoire d’un singe transformé en homme, explore la part de l’homme dans l’animal et la part de l’animal dans l’humain et les métamorphoses qui font vaciller les frontières humain/nonhumain, ce qui se retrouve aussi bien dans la notion de « devenir-animal » de Deleuze que les travaux récents des éthologues. Alors, loin d’être un rejet de l’humanité, le recours à l’animal permet d’avoir accès à une identification qui donne forme à l’informe et qui peut être vecteur d’éléments positifs, réalisant des modalités alternatives de l’identité.
Salade dans la tête
Authors: Kadi Ulrike 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Partant de l’énoncé d’un patient psychotique, cet article analyse la conception lacanienne de la métaphore, telle que Lacan l’a développée et modifiée entre 1960 et 1970. Elle sera comparée avec la conception de la métaphore présentée par Laplanche et Leclaire au cours du 6 e colloque de Bonneval en 1960 sur l’inconscient, partant de Lacan. De plus, la critique de Lyotard, envers la considération lacanienne de la métaphore et sa fixation sur une approche linguistique, sera prise en compte.
MEKK3 Regulates IFN-γ Production in T Cells through the Rac1/2-Dependent MAPK Cascades
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Zhang Fan , Chen Fanping , Liu Dou , Zheng Yi , Zhang Yongliang , Dong Chen , Su Bing 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
MEKK3 is a conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase belonging to the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) family. MEKK3 is constitutively expressed in T cells, but its function in T cell immunity has not been fully elucidated. Using Mekk3 T cell conditional knockout (T-cKO) mice, we show that MEKK3 is required for T cell immunity in vivo. Mekk3 T-cKO mice had reduced T cell response to bacterial infection and were defective in clearing bacterial infections. The Ag-induced cytokine production, especially IFN-γ production, was impaired in Mekk3-deficient CD4 T cells. The TCR-induced ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPKs activation was also defective in Mekk3-deficient CD4 T cells. In vitro, MEKK3 is not required for Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Notably, under a nonpolarizing condition (Th0), Mekk3 deficiency led to a significant reduction of IFN-γ production in CD4 T cells. Furthermore, the IL-12/IL-18–driven IFN-γ production and MAPK activation in Mekk3-deficient T cells was not affected suggesting that MEKK3 may selectively mediate the TCR-induced MAPK signals for IFN-γ production. Finally, we found that MEKK3 activation by TCR stimulation requires Rac1/2. Taken together, our study reveals a specific role of MEKK3 in mediating the TCR signals for IFN-γ production.
The Tyrosine Kinase BMX Is an Essential Mediator of Inflammatory Arthritis in a Kinase-Independent Manner
Authors: Gottar-Guillier Marie , Dodeller Francis , Huesken Dieter , Iourgenko Vadim , Mickanin Craig , Labow Mark , Gaveriaux Samuel , Kinzel Bernd , Mueller Matthias , Alitalo Kari , Littlewood-Evans Amanda , Cenni Bruno 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines like TNF play a central role in autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. We identified the tyrosine kinase bone marrow kinase on chromosome X (BMX) as an essential component of a shared inflammatory signaling pathway. Transient depletion of BMX strongly reduced secretion of IL-8 in cell lines and primary human cells stimulated by TNF, IL-1β, or TLR agonists. BMX was required for phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, as well as activation of NF-κB. The following epistasis analysis indicated that BMX acts downstream of or at the same level as the complex TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1)–TAK1 binding protein. At the cellular level, regulation of the IL-8 promoter required the pleckstrin homology domain of BMX, which could be replaced by an ectopic myristylation signal, indicating a requirement for BMX membrane association. In addition, activation of the IL-8 promoter by in vitro BMX overexpression required its catalytic activity. Genetic ablation of BMX conferred protection in the mouse arthritis model of passive K/BxN serum transfer, confirming that BMX is an essential mediator of inflammation in vivo. However, genetic replacement with a catalytically inactive BMX allele was not protective in the same arthritis animal model. We conclude that BMX is an essential component of inflammatory cytokine signaling and that catalytic, as well as noncatalytic functions of BMX are involved.
Prevention of Bone Marrow Cell Apoptosis and Regulation of Hematopoiesis by Type I IFNs during Systemic Responses to Pneumocystis Lung Infection
Authors: Taylor David , Wilkison Michelle , Voyich Jovanka , Meissner Nicole 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We recently demonstrated that lack of type I IFN signaling (IFNAR knockout) in lymphocyte-deficient mice (IFrag−/−) results in bone marrow (BM) failure after Pneumocystis lung infection, whereas lymphocyte-deficient mice with intact IFNAR (RAG−/−) had normal hematopoiesis. In the current work, we performed studies to define further the mechanisms involved in the induction of BM failure in this system. BM chimera experiments revealed that IFNAR expression was required on BM-derived but not stroma-derived cells to prevent BM failure. Signals elicited after day 7 postinfection appeared critical in determining BM cell fate. We observed caspase-8– and caspase-9–mediated apoptotic cell death, beginning with neutrophils. Death of myeloid precursors was associated with secondary oxidative stress, and decreasing colony-forming activity in BM cell cultures. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine could slow the progression of, but not prevent, BM failure. Type I IFN signaling has previously been shown to expand the neutrophil life span and regulate the expression of some antiapoptotic factors. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated reduced mRNA abundance for the antiapoptotic factors BCL-2, IAP2, MCL-1, and others in BM cells from IFrag−/− compared with that in BM cells from RAG−/− mice at day 7. mRNA and protein for the proapoptotic cytokine TNF-α was increased, whereas mRNA for the growth factors G-CSF and GM-CSF was reduced. In vivo anti–TNF-α treatment improved precursor cell survival and activity in culture. Thus, we propose that lack of type I IFN signaling results in decreased resistance to inflammation-induced proapoptotic stressors and impaired replenishment by precursors after systemic responses to Pneumocystis lung infection. Our finding may have implications in understanding mechanisms underlying regenerative BM depression/failure during complex immune deficiencies such as AIDS.
Peripheral T Cells Re-Enter the Thymus and Interfere with Central Tolerance Induction
Authors: Edelmann Stephanie L. , Marconi Peggy , Brocker Thomas 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The thymus mainly contains developing thymocytes that undergo thymic selection. In addition, some mature activated peripheral T cells can re-enter the thymus. We demonstrated in this study that adoptively transferred syngeneic Ag-specific T cells can enter the thymus of lymphopenic mice, where they delete thymic dendritic cells and medullary thymic epithelial cells in an Ag-specific fashion, without altering general thymic functions. This induced sustained thymic release of autoreactive self-Ag–specific T cells suggested that adoptively transferred activated T cells can specifically alter the endogenous T cell repertoire by erasing negative selection of their own specificities. Especially in clinical settings in which adoptively transferred T cells cause graft-versus-host disease or graft-versus-leukemia, as well as in adoptive tumor therapies, these findings might be of importance, because the endogenous T cell repertoire might be skewed to contribute to both manifestations.
Comparative Analysis of the Complication Profile following Palmar Plating versus External Fixation of Fractures of the Distal Radius
Authors: Wartinbee Daniel A , Miller Michael , Riboh Jonathan 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Background
Much attention has been given recently to the complication profile of volar plate fixation of distal radial fractures. The purpose of this investigation was to compare complication rates among patients with distal radial fractures treated with volar plating versus those treated with external fixation.

Methods
Two parallel series of patients with comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures were reviewed. 59 patients were treated with external fixation and 56 patients with volar plate fixation. Postoperative radiographs, range of motion, grip strength, DASH scores, and VAS pain questionnaires were analyzed, and complications were described.

Results
The external fixation group had a significantly higher overall complication rate (p = 0.021) than the volar plate fixation group. In the volar plate group, there were more tendon complications and median nerve pathology. Radial shortening was greater in the external fixation group when compared to the volar plate fixation group. DASH scores and VAS scores were significantly higher in the external fixation group. Clinically, the patients in the volar plate fixation group had significantly greater arcs of motion in pronation-supination (p < 0.0001) and flexion-extension (p = 0.002) with a trend towards better grip strength (p = 0.0062).

Conclusions
Volar plate fixation for fractures of the distal radius provides an overall decreased incidence of complications, significantly less radial shortening, and significantly greater postoperative wrist motion when compared to external fixation. Volar plate fixation is also associated with lower VAS scores when compared to external fixation as well as DASH scores that approach statistical significance.

Level of evidence
III (retrospective comparative study).
Load-Bearing at the Meniscofemoral Joint: An in vitro Study in the Canine Knee
Authors: Indelli Pier Francesco , Szivek John A , Schnepp Andrew , Grana William A 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Background
The role of the menisci on tibial load transmission and stress distribution has been extensively studied, but few studies have focused on the meniscofemoral joint during physiologic weightbearing. The objective of this study was to determine the contact areas and local contact stresses at the meniscofemoral interface during physiologic range of motion and axial-loading in the canine knee and to determine the influence of a partial or total meniscectomy.

Methods
Both fresh-frozen knees of 3 hound-type canines were tested in a universal testing machine configured for an axial-load of 90-120 N. Measurement of the contact area and the local contact stress were done at three different knee angles (30; 50; 70) and with both menisci intact, after partial meniscectomy, and after total meniscectomy. Pressure distribution was estimated by using pressure sensitive film inserted above the menisci.

Results
After partial meniscectomy, contact areas at 50° of knee flexion decreased approximately 25% on both femoral condyles, and local contact stress increased 30% on the medial femoral condyle but remained unchanged on the lateral. After total meniscectomy, contact areas at 50° of knee flexion decreased approximately 75% on both femoral condyles, and local contact stress increased approximately 60% on the medial compartment and 100% on the lateral compartment.

Conclusions
These data suggest that a conservative partial meniscectomy leaves the meniscus with an inferior weight distribution function; decreasing, but not canceling the protection on the femoral hyaline cartilage. A dramatic decrease of contact area followed by an increase of local contact stress was noted after a total meniscectomy. The clinical value of this study is to emphasize the biomechanical value of surgical procedures addressing the repair of damaged menisci.
Intra-articular Anakinra for the Treatment of Persistent Inflammation and Arthrofibrosis following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Brown Christopher A , Magnussen Robert A , Lawrence J Todd , Toth Alison P 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Postoperative inflammation and arthrofibrosis remain difficult problems following ACL reconstruction. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a potent driver of intra-articular inflammation and arthrofibrosis following injury and surgery. Anakinra (Kineret, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA) is an IL-1 receptor antagonist. We hypothesize that postoperative intra-articular anakinra use decreases inflammation and subsequent arthrofibrosis, reducing the need for arthroscopic debridement and manipulation under anesthesia.

Methods
Four patients (ages 15-56) who were treated with anakinra for persistent postoperative inflammation and scarring within 4 months of ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed. Anakinra was utilized when patients were unable to obtain full extension and at least 90° of flexion 1 month postoperatively in association with persistent effusions or decreased patellar mobility.

Results
Anakinra injection was performed between 36 and 97 days postsurgery. All four reported improvements in range of motion and decreased pain and effusions within 10 days of injection. One patient, who did not receive anakinra until more than 3 months postsurgery, required eventual arthroscopic debridement of a cyclops lesion but none of the patients required frank lysis of adhesions or manipulation under anesthesia. No adverse reactions to anakinra occurred.

Conclusion
Based on previous experience, we believe that all of these patients would have required arthroscopic debridement of scar tissue and manipulation under anesthesia to regain motion were not for the anakinra treatment. Clearly, the concept of IL-1 inhibition in the postoperative knee requires further research, but early results are promising for this unique treatment of a difficult clinical problem.
Construction of Normalized RNA‐seq Libraries for Next‐Generation Sequencing Using the Crab Duplex‐Specific Nuclease
Authors: Christodoulou Danos C. , Gorham Joshua M. , Herman Daniel S. , Seidman J.G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRNA‐seq is a method for studying the transcriptome of cells or tissues by massively parallel sequencing of tens of millions of short DNA fragments. However, the broad dynamic range of gene expression levels, which span more than five orders of magnitude, necessitates considerable over‐sequencing to characterize low‐abundance RNAs at sufficient depth. Here, we describe a method that enables efficient sequencing of low‐abundance RNAs by normalizing or reducing the range spanned by the most abundant RNA species to the least abundant RNA species. This normalization is achieved using an approach that was developed for generating expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries that uses the crab duplex‐specific nuclease and exploits the kinetics of DNA annealing. That is, double‐stranded cDNA is denatured, then allowed to partially re‐anneal, and the most abundant species, which re‐anneal most rapidly, are digested with crab duplex‐specific nuclease. This procedure substantially decreases the proportion of sequence reads from highly expressed RNAs, facilitating assessment of the full spectrum of the sequence and structure of transcriptomes. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 94:4.12.1‐4.12.11. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.