bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of thyroid function with estimated glomerular filtration rate in a population-based study: the HUNT study
Authors: Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Bjøro Trine , Vatten Lars J 
Published: January 2011

The journal and the authors apologise for an error in this article published in the European Journal of Endocrinology (2011) 164 101–105. The caption to Table 4 on page 104 was wrongly printed and the correct caption and table is printed in full below.Table 4Geometric mean eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) by categories of thyroid function and age, adjusted for sex, age and smoking.Age <70 years (n=22 071)Age ≥70 years (n=7409)eGFR95% CIeGFR95% CIHyperthyroidismOvert120.5113.5128.087.078.996.0Subclinical91.789.993.476.473.479.5TSH (mU/l)0.50–1.489.989.690.375.374.476.21.5–2.488.588.188.973.572.674.42.5–3.587.086.387.772.671.473.8HypothyroidismSubclinical86.585.587.470.769.372.2Overt83.380.586.468.363.373.6
A Bayesian Framework for Inference of the Genotype–Phenotype Map for Segregating Populations
Authors: Hageman Rachael S , Leduc Magalie S , Korstanje Ron , Paigen Beverly , Churchill Gary A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractComplex genetic interactions lie at the foundation of many diseases. Understanding the nature of these interactions is critical to developing rational intervention strategies. In mammalian systems hypothesis testing in vivo is expensive, time consuming, and often restricted to a few physiological endpoints. Thus, computational methods that generate causal hypotheses can help to prioritize targets for experimental intervention. We propose a Bayesian statistical method to infer networks of causal relationships among genotypes and phenotypes using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from genetically randomized populations. Causal relationships between network variables are described with hierarchical regression models. Prior distributions on the network structure enforce graph sparsity and have the potential to encode prior biological knowledge about the network. An efficient Monte Carlo method is used to search across the model space and sample highly probable networks. The result is an ensemble of networks that provide a measure of confidence in the estimated network topology. These networks can be used to make predictions of system-wide response to perturbations. We applied our method to kidney gene expression data from an MRL/MpJ × SM/J intercross population and predicted a previously uncharacterized feedback loop in the local renin–angiotensin system.
Cryptic Evolution: Does Environmental Deterioration Have a Genetic Basis?
Authors: Hadfield Jarrod D , Wilson Alastair J , Kruuk Loeske E B 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Cryptic evolution has been defined as adaptive evolutionary change being masked by concurrent environmental change. Empirical studies of cryptic evolution have usually invoked a changing climate and/or increasing population density as the form of detrimental environmental change experienced by a population undergoing cryptic evolution. However, Fisher (1958) emphasized that evolutionary change in itself is likely to be an important component of “environmental deterioration,” a point restated by Cookeet al. (1990) in the context of intraspecific competition. In this form, environmental deterioration arises because a winning lineage has to compete against more winners in successive generations as the population evolves. This “evolutionary environmental deterioration” has different implications for the selection and evolution of traits influenced by resource competition than general environmental change. We reformulate Cooke's model as a quantitative genetic model to show that it is identical in form to more recent developments proposed by quantitative geneticists. This provides a statistical framework for discriminating between the alternative hypotheses of environmental change and environmental deterioration caused by evolutionary change. We also demonstrate that in systems where no phenotypic change has occurred, there are many reasonable biological processes that will generate patterns in predicted breeding values that are consistent with what has been interpreted as cryptic evolution, and care needs to be taken when interpreting these patterns. These processes include mutation, sib competition, and invisible fractions.
Ploidy Dictates Repair Pathway Choice under DNA Replication Stress
Authors: Li Xin Chenglin , Tye Bik K 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study reports an unusual ploidy-specific response to replication stress presented by a defective minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase allele in yeast. The corresponding mouse allele, Mcm4Chaos3, predisposes mice to mammary gland tumors. While mcm4Chaos3 causes replication stress in both haploid and diploid yeast, only diploid mutants exhibit G2/M delay, severe genetic instability (GIN), and reduced viability. These different outcomes are associated with distinct repair pathways adopted in haploid and diploid mutants. Haploid mutants use the Rad6-dependent pathways that resume stalled forks, whereas the diploid mutants use the Rad52- and MRX-dependent pathways that repair double strand breaks. The repair pathway choice is irreversible and not regulated by the availability of repair enzymes. This ploidy effect is independent of mating type heterozygosity and not further enhanced by increasing ploidy. In summary, a defective MCM helicase causes GIN only in particular cell types. In response to replication stress, early events associated with ploidy dictate the repair pathway choice. This study uncovers a fundamental difference between haplophase and diplophase in the maintenance of genome integrity.
Maternal Resolution of Grief After Preterm Birth: Implications for Infant Attachment Security
Authors: Shah Prachi E. , Clements Melissa , Poehlmann Julie 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE:This study explored the association between mothers' unresolved grief regarding their infant's preterm birth and infant-mother attachment security. We hypothesized that mothers with unresolved grief would be more likely to have insecurely attached infants at 16 months and that this association would be partially mediated by maternal interaction quality.METHODS:This longitudinal study focused on 74 preterm infants (age of &lt;36 weeks) and their mothers who were part of a larger study of high-risk infants. The present analysis included assessment of neonatal and socioeconomic risks at NICU discharge; maternal depression, Reaction to Preterm Birth Interview findings, and quality of parenting at a postterm age of 9 months; and infant-mother attachment at postterm age of 16 months. Associations among findings of grief resolution with the Reaction to Preterm Birth Interview, quality of parenting interactions, and attachment security were explored by using relative risk ratios and logistic and multivariate regression models.RESULTS:The relative risk of developing insecure attachment when mothers had unresolved grief was 1.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.44). Controlling for covariates (adjusted odds ratio: 2.94), maternal feelings of resolved grief regarding the preterm birth experience were associated with secure infant-mother attachment at 16 months. Maternal grief resolution and interaction quality were independent predictors of attachment security.CONCLUSION:Maternal grief resolution regarding the experience of preterm birth and the quality of maternal interactions have important implications for emerging attachment security for infants born prematurely.
A U-Shaped Association Between Intensity of Internet Use and Adolescent Health
Authors: Bélanger Richard E. , Akre Christina , Berchtold André , Michaud Pierre-André 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the relationship between different Internet-use intensities and adolescent mental and somatic health.

METHODS:
Data were drawn from the 2002 Swiss Multicenter Adolescent Survey on Health, a nationally representative survey of adolescents aged 16 to 20 years in post-mandatory school. From a self-administered anonymous questionnaire, 3906 adolescent boys and 3305 girls were categorized into 4 groups according to their intensity of Internet use: heavy Internet users (HIUs; &gt;2 hours/day), regular Internet users (RIUs; several days per week and ≤2 hours/day), occasional users (≤1 hour/week), and non-Internet users (NIUs; no use in the previous month). Health factors examined were perceived health, depression, overweight, headaches and back pain, and insufficient sleep.

RESULTS:
In controlled multivariate analysis, using RIUs as a reference, HIUs of both genders were more likely to report higher depressive scores, whereas only male users were found at increased risk of overweight and female users at increased risk of insufficient sleep. Male NIUs and female NIUs and occasional users also were found at increased risk of higher depressive scores. Back-pain complaints were found predominantly among male NIUs.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study provides evidence of a U-shaped relationship between intensity of Internet use and poorer mental health of adolescents. In addition, HIUs were confirmed at increased risk for somatic health problems. Thus, health professionals should be on the alert when caring for adolescents who report either heavy Internet use or very little/none. Also, they should consider regular Internet use as a normative behavior without major health consequence.
Impact of Bisphosphonates on Survival for Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Gordon Kevin E. , Dooley Joseph M. , Sheppard Kayla M. , MacSween Judith , Esser Michael J. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE:
In this article we describe the association of bisphosphonate therapy on survival within a regional cohort of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who received steroid therapy and were managed in a single center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The records of all patients with confirmed DMD who were born between 1963 and 2006 and who had received at least 1 year of steroid therapy were reviewed from birth until they reached the study end points (death, loss to follow-up, or the last follow-up was in 2009). A survival analysis was used to account for the variable follow-up duration within this cohort.

RESULTS:
Forty-four boys from this cohort with DMD were exposed to continuous steroid use. Bisphosphonate therapy was initiated for 16 patients (36%) between 1997 and 2007 at a median age of 12.5 years (range: 7–23 years). At the time of the last follow-up in 2009, 13 patients had died (30%) at a median age of 16 years (range: 14–27 years). Survival curves demonstrate that the prescription of bisphosphonates was associated with a significant improvement in survival rate (P = .005, log-rank test). Furthermore, a possible therapy-duration effect could be shown for bisphosphonate use (P = .007, log-rank test).

CONCLUSIONS:
The treatment of patients with DMD with steroids and bisphosphonates seems to be associated with significantly improved survival compared with treatment with steroids alone.
Risk Stratification of Children Being Evaluated for Intussusception
Authors: Weihmiller Sarah N. , Buonomo Carlo , Bachur Richard 
Published: January 2011

CONTEXT:Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in young children, and delayed diagnosis may lead to bowel perforation.OBJECTIVE:To determine predictive clinical criteria and develop a decision tree to risk-stratify children with possible intussusception.DESIGN/METHODS:This is a prospective observational cohort study of children aged 1 month to 6 years who presented with possible intussusception. A data-collection form was completed before knowledge of any advanced imaging. Univariate analysis was performed, and decision trees were developed using recursive partitioning.RESULTS:In the study, 310 patients were enrolled, including 38 (12.3%) with intussusception. The median age was 21.1 months and 61% were male. Univariate predictors of intussusception included age older than 6 months (P = 0.04), male gender (P = .007), history of lethargy (P = .001), and abnormal plain x-ray (P = .0001). Multivariate analysis through recursive partitioning identified decision trees (with and without the result of a plain abdominal x-ray) and allowed identification of patients at low risk. The decision tree based on the results of an abdominal x-ray (negative or positive), age (⩽5 or &gt;5 months), diarrhea (present or absent), and bilious emesis (present or absent) had the best test performance (sensitivity: 97% [95% confidence interval (CI): 86–100]; negative predictive value: 99% [95% CI: 93–100]; negative likelihood ratio: 0.08 [95% CI: 0.01–0.6]).CONCLUSIONS:Among children who were being evaluated for intussusception, we prospectively determined clinical criteria and developed a decision tree to risk-stratify children with possible intussusception.
Professionalism Expectations Seen Through the Eyes of Resident Physicians and Patient Families
Authors: Regis Taylor , Steiner Michael J. , Ford Carol A. , Byerley Julie S. 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND:
Resident physicians and patient families have not traditionally been involved in setting expectations for professional behavior by physicians.

OBJECTIVE:
To elicit and compare prioritized lists of attributes and behaviors of physician professionalism formulated by residents and patient families.

METHODS/DESIGN:
We used qualitative and quantitative methods to identify and compare prioritized perceptions of important attributes and behaviors of physician professionalism among residents and families of patients. We conducted 3 resident focus groups, 1 for residents in each resident-training year (postgraduate years 1, 2, and 3), and elicited attributes and behaviors the residents associated with physician professionalism by using free-listing and nominal-group techniques. Family perspectives of the attributes/behaviors of physician professionalism were elicited by using semistructured interviews of consecutive families with a child who was admitted to the hospital. All results were transcribed, and common themes were identified.

RESULTS:
Fifty-eight residents (78% of the total in the program) and 40 families participated. Similar themes arose from all 3 resident focus groups, which prioritized tactfulness, support of team members, respectfulness, good communication, and humanism. Residents also provided specific behavioral strategies to put these attributes into practice, such as avoiding jokes about patients and using patient names when addressing and discussing them. Patient families most frequently cited good communication, caring, knowledge, skill, honesty, and attitude. Communication and humanism were aspects consistently endorsed by both residents and patient families.

CONCLUSIONS:
There was important overlap in the attributes of professionalism generated and prioritized by resident physicians and patient families, although only residents identified ways that health care providers should interact with each other. This novel approach to identifying professionalism attributes provides opportunities for curriculum improvement.
Study of As-Sb-Se chalcogenide glasses by NQR and EPR spectroscopy methods
Authors: Glotova Olga , Korneva Irina , Sinyavsky Nikolay , Dobosz Bernadeta , Krzyminiewski Ryszard , Jadzyn Maciej , Ostafin Michal , Nogaj Boleslaw 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In this paper experimental results obtained by both 75As NQR and EPR spectroscopy are presented for the three-component system As-Sb-Se. The 75As NQR spectra of glasses of structures (As2Se3)0.78 (Sb2Se3)0.22, (As2Se3)0.75 (Sb2Se3)0.25, (As2Se3)0.5 (Sb2Se3)0.5 have broad lines with two Sb-NQR lines (corresponding to the Sb2Se3 units) and two 75As-NQR lines (corresponding to the As2Se3 units). Differences in the EPR spectra of the different glasses arise because of the different amounts of arsenic and antimony in their structure.
EPIPHYTIC AND ENDOPHYTIC PHYLLOSPHERE MICROFLORA OF CASSYTHA FILIFORMIS L. AND ITS HOSTS
Authors: Mukhtar Irum , Mushtaq Sobia , Ali Amna , Khokhar Ibatsam 
Published: January 2011

In the present study, samples of Cassytha filiformis L. and healthy leaves of two of its host plants viz. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd (Nyctaginaceae) and Citrus aurantifolia Swingle (Rutaceae) were collected simultaneously from different areas of Lahore, Pakistan. To analyze epiphytic microflora, washings of host leaf/parasite stem were used for the isolation. For endophytic microbes, sterilized homogenized host leaf/parasite stem tissue mixture was plated separately on 2% MEA and LB media for bacterial and fungal isolation. Each fungal colony was purified and identified after 6-8 days on the basis of morphological characteristics. Bacterial strains were identified including pigment, colony form, elevation, margin, texture and opacity. In addition, bacterial strains were tested with respect to gram reaction and biochemical characteristics. The total colonization frequency of the endophytes was maximum for B. spectabilis suggesting that this plant tissue harbored more endophytic bacteria than C. aurantifolia. On the other hand Cassytha filiformis stem, parasitizing B. spectabilis and C. aurantifolia supported a total of 4 bacterial species as endophytes but different to its host plants. Therefore, Sørensen’s quotient of similarity (QS) for the endophytic and epiphytic bacterial assemblages was zero. Overall, the endophyte and epiphyte assemblage of hosts and their parasite showed no overlap.Key words: Microflora; Host; Parasite; Endophytes; Epiphytes, phyllosphereDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4096Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 1-8 Uploaded date: 28 December, 2010
TROPHIC AND NUTRIENT DYNAMIC ASPECT OF AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
Authors: Gurung Tek Bahadur , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: January 2011

This paper gives a chronological review on our understanding in the role of heterotrophic bacteria in trophic and nutrient dynamic aspects of aquatic microbial ecology. Traditionally, the role of heterotrophic bacteria was known as decomposer only. Later studies revealed that bacteria could be the food for several grazers especially, nano-, micro- and mesozooplankton. Now, it is clear that heterotrophic bacteria channel the energy and matter to higher trophic level via microbial and metazoan food chains. Previously it was argued that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the prime limiting factor for fueling the energy and nutrient in aquatic ecosystem. However, emerging experimental evidences suggest that enrichment of plant nutrients such as phosphorus (P) stimulates bacterial growth. These suggest accumulation or organic carbon and other important nutrients in aquatic ecosystem, which are funneled in presence of limiting nutrients phosphorus. Moreover, recent studies showed that material transfer efficiency from bacteria to higher trophic level may depend on species composition of mesozooplankton. These discoveries established that bacterial primary production contributes substantially in secondary production, implying that contrasting to their tiny form bacteria play much important role in trophic and nutrient dynamics aspects of aquatic ecology. Key words: Heterotrophic bacteria; Trophic dynamics; Nutrients; Mesozooplankton DOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4097Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 9-16 Uploaded date: 28 December, 2010
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPOSES OF COW PEA (CV. PUSA BARSATI) GROWN ON FLY ASH AMENDED SOIL IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA AND RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM
Authors: Singh Kamal , Khan A. A. , Khan Iram , Rizvi Rose , Saquib M. 
Published: January 2011

Plant growth, yield, pigment and protein content of cow-pea were increased significantly at lower levels (20 and 40%) of fly ash but reverse was true at higher levels (80 and 100%). Soil amended by 60% fly ash could cause suppression in growth and yield in respect to 40% fly ash treated cow-pea plants but former was found at par with control (fly ash untreated plants). Maximum growth occurred in plants grown in soil amended with 40% fly ash. Nitrogen content of cow-pea was suppressed progressively in increasing levels of fly ash. Moreover, Rhizobium leguminosarum influenced the growth and yield positively but Meloidogyne javanica caused opposite effects particularly at 20 and 40% fly ash levels. The positive effects of R. leguminosarum were marked by M. javanica at initial levels. However, at 80 and 100% fly ash levels, the positive and negative effects of R. leguminosarum and/or M. javanica did not appear as insignificant difference persist among such treatments.Key words: Meloidogyne javanica; Rhizobium leguminosarum; Fly ash; Growth; YieldDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4098Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 17-22 Uploaded date: 28 December, 2010
CONTRIBUTION TO AQUATIC MACROPHYTES OF BIRATNAGAR AND ADJOINING AREAS, EASTERN NEPAL
Authors: Niroula B , Singh K LB 
Published: January 2011

One hundred and fifty three species of aquatic macrophytes (Angiosperms 141, Pteridophytes 8, Bryophytes 2, and Macroalgae 2) were collected from different aquatic habitats of Biratnagar and adjoining areas representing growth forms in the order: hyperhydates (42 species) > tenagophytes (40) > helophytes (36) > vittates (16) > epihydates (9) > pleustophytes (6) > rosulates (4). Emergent species dominated in number over floating and submerged species in all the water bodies. Fifty nine percent of collected species had flowering and fruiting in late rainy season, whereas 21.5 and 14.8% species had flowering and fruiting in winter and summer seasons, respectively. Most of the species had white flowers. Among the collected specimens, 46 species were used as feed for livestock, 20 species were pot-herb (edible), 7 species were used in handicrafts, and 3 species for thatch and cordage. Key words: Aquatic habitats; Betana pond; Species composition; Growth forms; Human use; Koshi Tappu Wildlife ReserveDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4101Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 23-34 Uploaded date: 29 December, 2010
MICROBIAL GUT FLORA OF A FRESHWATER FISH GARRA MULLYA (SYKES) FROM MUTHA RIVER, NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS, INDIA
Authors: Rudresh B. S. , Dahanukar N. , Watve G. M. , Renukaswamy N. S. 
Published: January 2011

Preliminary exploration of gut flora of Garra mullya (Sykes) revealed nineteen bacterial strains showing wide diversity of enzyme production, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The factors which govern the diversity assessed through principal component analysis and correspondence analysis show that isolated strain have adaptation to utilization of variety resources like citrate and sugar, and also show tolerance to variety of environmental conditions like pH, salt, and bile in in-vitro condition. Key words: Gut flora; Bacterial diversity; Garra mullyaDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4106Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 53-57 Uploaded date: 29 December, 2010