bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DDTs in rice frogs (Rana limnocharis) from an agricultural site, South China: Tissue distribution, biomagnification, and potential toxic effects assessment
Authors: Wu Jiang-Ping , Zhang Ying , Luo Xiao-Jun , Chen She-Jun , Mai Bi-Xian 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Contamination with agricultural pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), is among several proposed stressors contributing to the global declines in amphibian populations and species biodiversity. These chemicals were examined in insects and in the muscle, liver, and eggs of rice frogs (Rana limnocharis) from the paddy fields of an agricultural site in South China. The ΣDDT (sum of DDT, DDE, and DDD) concentrations ranged from 154 to 915, 195 to 1,400, and 165 to 1,930 ng/g lipid weight in the muscle, liver, and eggs, respectively. All the DDTs (DDT, DDE, and DDD) showed higher affinity for the liver relative to muscle tissue and can be maternally transferred to eggs in female frogs. The average biomagnification factors for DDTs ranged from 1.6 to 1.9 and 1.5 to 2.9 in female and male frogs, respectively, providing clear evidence of their biomagnification from insects to frogs. Compared with the reported DDT levels demonstrated to have toxic effects on frogs, DDTs in the present frogs are unlikely to constitute an immediate health risk. However, the adverse impacts of high DDT residues in eggs on the hatching success and their potential toxicity to the newly metamorphosed larval frogs should be assessed further. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:705–711. © 2011 SETAC
Implications of the solvent vehicles dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide for establishing transcriptomic endpoints in the zebrafish embryo toxicity test
Authors: Turner Catherine , Sawle Ashley , Fenske Martina , Cossins Andrew 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Current aquatic chemical testing guidelines recognize that solvents can potentially interfere with the organism or environmental conditions of aquatic ecotoxicity tests and therefore recommend concentration limits for their use. These recommendations are based on evidence of adverse solvent effects in apical level tests. The growing importance of subapical and chronic endpoints in future test strategies, however, suggests that the limits may need reassessment. To address this concern, microarrays were used to determine the effects of organic solvents, dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), on the transcriptome of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Embryos were exposed for 48 h to a range of concentrations between 0.025 and 32.0 ml/L. Effects on survival and development after 24 and 48 h were assessed microscopically, with no effects on mortality or morphology up to 2.0 and 16.0 ml/L for DMF and DMSO. However, analysis of 48-h embryonic RNA revealed large numbers of differentially expressed genes at concentrations well below the 0.1 ml/L solvent limit level. The enrichment of differentially expressed genes was found for metabolic, developmental, and other key biological processes, some of which could be linked to observed morphological effects at higher solvent concentrations. These findings emphasize the need to remove or lower as far as possible the concentrations of solvent carriers in ecotoxicology tests. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:593–604. © 2011 SETAC
The exon‐level biomarker SLC39A14 has organ‐confined cancer‐specificity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sveen Anita , Bakken Anne Cathrine , Ågesen Trude H. , Lind Guro E. , Nesbakken Arild , Nordgård Oddmund , Brackmann Stephan , Rognum Torleiv O. , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Skotheim Rolf I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn alternative transcript variant of SLC39A14, caused by pre‐mRNA splicing, was recently suggested as a biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). In our study, we have validated the cancer‐specific splicing pattern of the mutually exclusive exons 4A and 4B in altogether 244 colorectal tissue samples. Exon‐specific quantitative RT‐PCR analyses across 136 Stage I–IV CRC samples and 44 normal colonic mucosa samples showed complete cancer‐specificity, as well as 94% sensitivity of SLC39A14‐exon4B relative to SLC39A14‐exon4A expression. However, across 20 samples from a range of healthy tissues, 18 expressed the CRC variant. This was true also for ten benign lymph nodes, demonstrating that the cancer‐specificity is mainly confined to the colon and rectum. Hence, clinical use of SLC39A14‐exon4B as a detection marker for CRC other than in samples taken from the bowel wall is diminished. Prognostic value by detection of metastasis to lymph nodes is also abated, elucidating an important pitfall to biomarker discovery. However, analyses of ten nondysplastic biopsies from patients with active inflammatory bowel disease showed negative results in seven samples and only weakly positive results in three samples, suggesting value of SLC39A14‐exon4B as a marker to distinguish CRC from other pathologic conditions of the colon. In conclusion, the SLC39A14‐exon4B transcript variant is a CRC biomarker with high sensitivity and organ‐confined specificity. Further use of the transcript and its encoded protein isoform should be explored in an organ‐confined context.
Sun exposure may increase risk of prostate cancer in the high UV environment of New South Wales, Australia: A case–control study
Authors: Nair‐Shalliker Visalini , Smith David P. , Egger Sam , Hughes Ann Maree , Kaldor John M. , Clements Mark , Kricker Anne , Armstrong Bruce K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight may influence risk of prostate cancer. In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, we examined the relationship between sun exposure at 30 and 50 years of age and risk of prostate cancer in a case–control study combining the NSW prostate cancer care and outcome study (cases) and the NSW non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma study (controls). Prostate cancer risk increased with increasing estimated sun exposure (adjusted OR for highest vs. lowest quartiles of average weekly sun exposure in the warmer months 2.07 95% CI: 1.36–3.15) and this increase was most evident with weekend sun exposure (adjusted OR = 5.55, 95% CI: 2.94–10.48). High sun sensitivity was also positively associated with risk for prostate cancer (adjusted OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.09–2.44). The apparent effects of weekly sun exposure did not vary by disease aggressiveness. Our results suggest that increasing sun exposure in mid‐adult years increases prostate cancer risk in a high ambient solar UV environment. Given that previous studies, conducted mainly in low solar UV environments, have generally found evidence of a negative association, our findings suggest there may be a U‐shaped relationship between solar UV exposure and prostate cancer. Further studies are needed to test the hypothesis that high solar UV exposure is a risk factor for prostate cancer and to explore possible mechanisms for such an association.
Tumor‐associated macrophages correlate with response to epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chung Fu‐Tsai , Lee Kang‐Yun , Wang Chih‐Wei , Heh Chih‐Chen , Chan Yao‐Fei , Chen Huan‐Wu , Kuo Chih‐Hsi , Feng Po‐Hao , Lin Ting‐Yu , Wang Chun‐Hua , Chou Chun‐Liang , Chen Hao‐Cheng , Lin Shu‐Min , Kuo Han‐Pin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOur study investigated whether tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are related to treatment response to epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) and may be a predictor of survival. Of 206 advanced NSCLC patients treated (first‐line) with an EGFR‐TKI at the study hospital from 2006 to 2009, 107 with adequate specimens for assessing CD68 immunohistochemistry as a marker of TAMs were assessed. After EGFR‐TKI treatment, response was observed in 55 (51%) patients, and the median follow‐up period was 13.5 months. Most TAMs were located in the tumor stroma (>95%) and positively costained with the M2 marker CD163. TAM counts were significantly higher in patients with progressive disease than in those without (p < 0.0001), a trend that remained in patients with known EGFR mutation status (n = 59) and those with wild‐type EGFR (n = 20). High TAM counts, among other factors (e.g., wild‐type EGFR), were significantly related to poor progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (all p < 0.0001 for TAMs). Multivariate Cox analyses showed that high TAM counts and EGFR mutations were both independent factors associated with PFS [odds ratio (OR), 8.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.87–22.4; p = 0.0001 and OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.003–0.31; p = 0.003, respectively] and OS (OR, 2.641; 95% CI, 1.08–6.5; p = 0.03 and OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03–0.56; p = 0.006, respectively). TAMs are related to treatment response irrespective of EGFR mutation and can independently predict survival in advanced NSCLC treated with an EGFR‐TKI.
Spectroscopic and histological evaluation of wound healing progression following Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)
Authors: Prabhu Vijendra , Rao Satish B. S. , Chandra Subhash , Kumar Pramod , Rao Lakshmi , Guddattu Vasudeva , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu , Mahato Krishna K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe present study focuses on the evaluation of the effect of He‐Ne laser on tissue regeneration by monitoring collagen synthesis in wound granulation tissues in Swiss albino mice using analysis of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and light microscopy techniques. The spectral analyses of the wound granulation tissues have indicated a dose dependent increase in collagen levels during the post‐wounding days. The histological examinations on the other hand have also shown a significant increase in collagen deposition along with the reduced edema, leukocytes, increased granulation tissue, and fibroblast number in the optimal laser dose treated group compared to the non‐illuminated controls. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Upregulation of mTORC2 activation by the selective agonist of EPAC, 8‐CPT‐2Me‐cAMP, in prostate cancer cells: Assembly of a multiprotein signaling complex
Authors: Misra Uma K. , Pizzo Salvatore V. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLigation of cell surface‐associated GRP78 by activated α2‐macroglobulin triggers pro‐proliferative cellular responses. In part, this results from activation of adenylyl cyclase leading to an increase in cAMP. We have previously employed the cAMP analog 8‐CPT‐2Me‐cAMP to probe these responses. Here we show in 1‐LN prostate cancer cells that 8‐CPT‐2Me‐cAMP causes a dose‐dependent increase in Epac1, p‐AktT308, p‐AktS473, but not p‐CREB. By contrast, the PKA activator 6‐Benz‐cAMP caused a dose‐dependent increase in p‐CREB, but not Epac1. We measured mTORC2‐dependent Akt phosphorylation at S473 in immunoprecipitates of mTOR or Rictor from 1‐LN cells. 8‐CPT‐2Me‐cAMP caused a two‐threefold increase in p‐AktS473 and AktS473 kinase activity in Rictor immunoprecipitates. By contrast, there was only a negligible effect on p‐AktT308 in Rictor immunoprecipitates. Silencing Rictor gene expression by RNAi significantly suppressed 8‐CPT‐2Me‐cAMP‐induced phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473. These studies represent the first report that Epac1 mediates mTORC2‐dependent phosphorylation of AktS473. Pretreatment of these cells with the PI 3‐Kinase inhibitor LY294002 significantly suppressed 8‐CPT‐2Me‐cAMP‐dependent p‐AktS473 and p‐AktS473 kinase activities, and both effects were rapamycin insensitive. This treatment caused a two to threefold increase in S6 Kinase and 4EBP1 phosphorylation, indices of mTORC1 activation. Pretreatment of the cells with LY294002 and rapamycin significantly suppressed 8‐CPT‐2Me‐cAMP‐induced phosphorylation of S6 Kinase and 4EBP1. We further demonstrate that in 8‐CPT‐2Me‐cAMP‐treated cells, Epac1 co‐immunoprecipitates with AKAP, Raptor, Rictor, PDE3B, and PDE4D suggesting thereby that during Epac1‐induced activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2, Epac1 may have an additional function as a “scaffold” protein. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1488–1500, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PA28β regulates cell invasion of gastric cancer via modulating the expression of chloride intracellular channel 1
Authors: Zheng Da‐Li , Huang Qing‐Ling , Zhou Fei , Huang Qiao‐Jia , Lin Jian‐Yin , Lin Xu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPA28β is a subunit of proteasome activator PA28. Previous study suggests that PA28β is involved in the invasiveness and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma (GA), however, the mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we showed that invasive abilities of gastric cancer cells were enhanced when PA28β being down‐regulated, and were inhibited when PA28β being overexpressed. To explore the possible mechanism of PA28β associated elevated invasiveness, the protein profiles of PA28β knock down and parental negative control gastric cancer cells were compared using proteomics approach. The results revealed that there were 43 proteins were differentially expressed, among them, chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) was significantly up‐regulated and selected for further functional study. Down‐regulation of CLIC1 by RNA interference was able to markedly inhibit cell invasion of PA28β knock down gastric carcinoma cells. In addition, an inverse correlation between PA28β and CLIC1 expressions was also verified in GA tissue samples, suggesting that knockdown of PA28β could enhance tumor invasion and metastasis, at least in part, through up‐regulation of CLIC1. Our results provide novel insight into the mechanisms of PA28β related invasiveness and metastasis of GA, and suggest new alternative approaches for GA treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1537–1546, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular mechanisms of early growth response protein‐1 (EGR‐1) expression by quercetin in INS‐1 beta‐cells
Authors: Chang Seo‐Yoon , Cho Jae Min , Kim Dong‐Bin , Jang Hyun‐Jong , Ko Seung Hyun , Jo Yang‐Hyeok , Kim Myung‐Jun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEarly growth response‐1 (EGR‐1), one of immediate early response genes, is involved in diverse cellular response. We recently reported that quercetin increased catalytic subunit of γ‐glutamylcysteine ligase (GCLC) via the interaction of EGR‐1 to GCLC promoter in INS‐1 beta‐cells. Therefore, this study investigated molecular mechanisms of quercetin‐induced EGR‐1 expression in INS‐1 cells. Quercetin significantly induced EGR‐1 protein and its mRNA expressions. This induction of EGR‐1 was completely blocked by pretreatment with a PKA inhibitor, H89 and partially blocked by a p38 inhibitor, SB203580. Additionally, the siRNA‐mediated inhibition of PKAα and p38 resulted in significant reduction of quercetin‐induced EGR‐1 promoter activity. Also, quercetin‐induced EGR‐1 protein expression was significantly decreased in the cells transfected with PKAα siRNA. Study using truncated EGR‐1 promoter constructs showed that serum response element (SRE) sites, not cAMP response element site, were essential for EGR‐1 transcription. However, electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that quercetin did not affect the band intensity of DNA‐protein complex on SRE site of EGR‐1 promoter. Also, immune‐shift assay using serum response factor (SRF) and phospho‐SRF antibodies showed no difference between control and quercetin‐treated groups. Collectively, quercetin‐induced EGR‐1 expression is largely dependent on PKA and partly on p38 MAPK pathway, and SRE sites of EGR‐1 promoter are involved in quercetin‐induced EGR‐1 transcriptional activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1559–1568, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxidative stress due to aluminum exposure induces eryptosis which is prevented by erythropoietin
Authors: Vota Daiana M. , Crisp Renée L. , Nesse Alcira B. , Vittori Daniela C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe widespread use of aluminum (Al) provides easy exposure of humans to the metal and its accumulation remains a potential problem. In vivo and in vitro assays have associated Al overload with anemia. To better understand the mechanisms by which Al affects human erythrocytes, morphological and biochemical changes were analyzed after long‐term treatment using an in vitro model. The appearance of erythrocytes with abnormal shapes suggested metal interaction with cell surface, supported by the fact that high amounts of Al attached to cell membrane. Long‐term incubation of human erythrocytes with Al induced signs of premature erythrocyte death (eryptosis), such as phosphatidylserine externalization, increased intracellular calcium, and band 3 degradation. Signs of oxidative stress, such as significant increase in reactive oxygen species in parallel with decrease in the amount of reduced glutathione, were also observed. These oxidative effects were completely prevented by the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine. Interestingly, erythrocytes were also protected from the prooxidative action of Al by the presence of erythropoietin (EPO). In conclusion, results provide evidence that chronic Al exposure may lead to biochemical and morphological alterations similar to those shown in eryptosis induced by oxidant compounds in human erythrocytes. The antieryptotic effect of EPO may contribute to enhance the knowledge of its physiological role on erythroid cells. Irrespective of the antioxidant mechanism, this property of EPO, shown in this model of Al exposure, let us suggest potential benefits by EPO treatment of patients with anemia associated to altered redox environment. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1581–1589, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SNX10 is required for osteoclast formation and resorption activity
Authors: Zhu C.H. , Morse L. R. , Battaglino R. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRANKL‐stimulation of osteoclast precursors results in up‐regulation of genes involved in the process of differentiation and activation. In this report we describe the expression and functional characterization of Sorting Nexin 10 (snx10). Snx10 belongs to the sorting nexin (SNX) family, a diverse group of proteins with a common feature: the PX domain, which is involved in membrane trafficking and cargo sorting in endosomes. Snx10 is strongly up‐regulated during RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro and expressed in osteoclasts in vivo. qPCR analysis confirmed a significant increase in the expression of snx10 in in vitro‐derived osteoclasts, as well as in femur and calvaria. Immunohistochemical analysis of mouse embryo sections showed expression in long bone, calvariae, and developing teeth. The expression was limited to cells that also expressed TRAP, demonstrating osteoclastic localization. Confocal immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation analysis revealed Snx10 localization in the nucleus and in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To study a possible role for snx10 in osteoclast differentiation and function we silenced snx10 expression and found that snx10 silencing inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation and osteoclast resorption on hydroxyapatite. Silencing also inhibited TRAP secretion. Taken together, these results confirm that snx10 is expressed in osteoclasts and is required for osteoclast differentiation and activity in vitro. Since inhibition of vesicular trafficking is essential for osteoclast formation and activity and SNX10 is involved in intracellular vesicular trafficking, these studies may identify a new candidate gene involved in the development of human bone diseases including osteoporosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1608–1615, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of physiological importance of metallothionein protein expressed by Tetrahymena cadmium metallothionein 1 (TMCd1) gene in Escherichia coli
Authors: Suleman Aliya , Shakoori Abdul Rauf 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTMCd1 is a cadmium inducible metallothionein (MT) gene. In the present study the TMCd1 gene of a ciliate protozoan has been expressed in E. coli and the function of the expressed TMCd1 protein as a metal‐binding protein has been evaluated. The growth of E. coli cells expressing the GST fused TMCd1 proteins in the presence of cadmium metal clearly demonstrated the role of TMCd1 as a metal‐binding protein. The metal accumulation experiments showed that the bacterial cells expressing the functional TMCd1 protein accumulated 19‐fold more cadmium in contrast to control cells that lacked the TMCd1 protein expression. The results clearly demonstrate a physiological role of full length TMCd1 protein of a ciliate, expressed in E. coli, in cadmium metal sequestration and detoxification. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1616–1622, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Squalene resources and uses point to the potential of biotechnology
Authors: Naziri Eleni , Mantzouridou Fani , Tsimidou Maria Z. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSqualene uses extend from cosmetics to the medical and nutraceutical sectors. International concern for the protection of the deep sea sharks, the major source for this hydrocarbon so far, has engendered research interest in other directions (plant kingdom, microbes). Biotechnology offers an alternative approach with the potential of safety requirements and high‐yield. Saccharomyces cerevisiae appears to be a promising choice for food and nutraceutical applications.
DNA‐Inspired Hierarchical Polymer Design: Electrostatics and Hydrogen Bonding in Concert
Authors: Hemp Sean T. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNucleic acids and proteins, two of nature's biopolymers, assemble into complex structures to achieve desired biological functions and inspire the design of synthetic macromolecules containing a wide variety of noncovalent interactions including electrostatics and hydrogen bonding. Researchers have incorporated DNA nucleobases into a wide variety of synthetic monomers/polymers achieving stimuli‐responsive materials, supramolecular assemblies, and well‐controlled macromolecules. Recently, scientists utilized both electrostatics and complementary hydrogen bonding to orthogonally functionalize a polymer backbone through supramolecular assembly. Diverse macromolecules with noncovalent interactions will create materials with properties necessary for biomedical applications.magnified image
Morphology and Thermal Properties of Compatibilized PA12/PP Blends with Boehmite Alumina Nanofiller Inclusions
Authors: Ogunniran Elijah Soba , Sadiku Rotimi , Sinha Ray Suprakas , Luruli Nyambeni 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBoehmite alumina nanoparticles are added to PP‐g‐MAH‐compatibilized blends of PA 12 and PP to study the effects of nanoparticle loading in the resulting composites. WAXD and SEM data suggest that the nanoparticles enhanced the coalescence of PP. DSC, DMA, and TGA reveal that the final properties such as crystallization temperature, flexural storage modulus, thermal degradation temperature, etc., improve with increasing nanoparticle loading for blend/based composites. FTIR results show that the nanoparticles interfere with the interfacial activity at 5 wt% nanoparticle loading. All results are compared between the neat polymers and the compatibilized blend and show that despite a slight increase in dispersed‐phase domain size, all other properties improve with the addition of AlO(OH).magnified image
Critical exponents of a doubly degenerate non‐divergent parabolic equation with interior and boundary sources
Authors: Yin Jingxue , Jin Chunhua 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the following problem

where \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$m\in \mathbb R$\end{document}, p > 1, q1, q2 > 0 and Ω is a bounded domain in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb R^N$\end{document} with smooth boundary. We will give a rather complete classification of the parameters (m, q1, q2) based on the global existence and blow up features of solutions. In particular, it is shown that there is a threshold mc, such that if m < mc, then there exists a critical Fujita exponent pair (q1, q2) for the nonlinear sources, while if m ≥ mc, such exponent pair does not exist.