bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of frying on key fatty acid ratios of canola oil
Authors: Talpur Muhammad Younis , Sherazi Syed Tufail Hussain , Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed , Naz Saba , Kara Huseyin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe study was carried out to investigate the changes in saturated (SFA), monoene (MUFA), trans (TFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids and the key fatty acid ratios (SFA/UFA, cis PUFA/SFA, C18:2/C16:0 and C18:3/C16:0) during potato chips frying in canola oil using single bounce attenuated total reflectance FTIR (SB‐ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. The data obtained from GC‐FID were used as reference. The calibration of main fat groups and their key fatty acid ratios were developed by partial least square (PLS) regression coefficients using 4000 to 650 cm−1 spectral range. FTIR PLS regression for the predicted SFA, MUFA, TFA, and PUFA were found 0.999, 0.998, 0.998, and 0.999, respectively, whereas for SFA/UFA, cis PUFA/SFA, C18:2/C16:0 and C18:3/C16:0 the regression coefficients were 0.991, 0.997, 0.996, and 0.994, respectively. We conclude that FTIR‐PLS could be used for rapid and accurate assessment of changes in the main fat groups and their key fatty acid ratios ratio during the frying process.Practical applications: FTIR‐ATR method is very simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly. No sample preparation is required and one drop of oil is enough for FTIR analysis. The proposed method could be applied for quick determination of key fatty acid ratios in the food processing industry.
Serine‐Based Bis‐quat Gemini Surfactants: Synthesis and Micellization Properties
Authors: Goreti Silva S. , Fernandes Ricardo F. , Marques Eduardo F. , do Vale M. Luísa C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of novel cationic gemini surfactants based on serine, with long lipophilic alkyl chains and a spacer linked to the nitrogen atom of the amino acid residue by amine linkages, is described. The most efficient synthetic pathway involves introduction of the spacer into the monomeric precursors, N‐alkyl derivatives, by reductive amination of dialdehydes followed by methylation and deprotection. Characterization of the basic micellization properties of the new compounds was carried out by tensiometry and conductimetry. These surfactants present enhanced interfacial properties compared to the monomeric analogues, and show improved performance, namely lower critical micelle concentration (cmc), lower surface tension at cmc and increased micellar ionization, with respect to conventional bis‐quaternary ammonium salts (bis‐quats).
Looking for a Robust, Synthetic, Fully‐Extended (2.05‐Helical) Peptide Structure – Effect of Terminal Groups
Authors: Formaggio Fernando , Crisma Marco , Peggion Cristina , Moretto Alessandro , Venanzi Mariano , Toniolo Claudio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe incorporation of α‐amino acids with a quaternary α‐carbon atom into a peptide provides a tool to effectively restrict the available range of its backbone conformations. Specifically, under favorable conditions, Cα,α‐diethylglycine (Deg) homopeptides are known to preferentially adopt the fully‐extended (2.05‐helical) structure, which is characterized by the longest possible separation between two adjacent α‐amino acid Cα atoms. We have investigated the influence of the nature of the N‐ and/or C‐terminal protecting (or blocking) groups on the relative stabilities of the fully‐extended conformation vs. the competing, shorter 310‐helical structure in a synthetic Deg homopeptide series.
The development of the UHV a.c. arresters
Authors: Wang Bao‐shan , Wang Shao‐wu , Xiong Yi , Wang Xiao‐ning , Tang Lin , Zuo Zhong‐qiu 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYUltra‐high voltage (UHV) systems require good insulation and high reliability. UHV a.c. system metal‐oxide surge arrester (UHV MOA) is an important protective equipment, which used to limit the system overvoltage, to lower the level of insulation, and to increase operational reliability. The technical level of the UHV MOA has a significant impact on the safety and reliability, as well as the investment levels of the UHV project. The successful development of the UHV MOA is one of the most important achievements in arrester area. Before the completion of the China UHV a.c. demonstration project, UHV MOA has not been used commercially abroad, so the arrester standards were not involved of the UHV level. This paper details the development of the UHV MOA, including the design of technical parameters, equipment development, test, and so on. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved total variation diminishing schemes for advection simulation on arbitrary grids
Authors: Hou J. , Simons F. , Hinkelmann R. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe requirements for flux limiter functions preserving total variation diminishing (TVD) are derived based on a 1D nonuniform grid, and a new TVD region is determined to fit arbitrary 1D grids. Some second‐order TVD schemes called improved TVD schemes are developed, such as modified Van Leer scheme, modified Van Albada scheme, and modified SUPERBEE scheme. Then, they are extended to 2D grids. Because the element sizes and face positions are taken into account, good behaviors are observed in the implementations in both 1D and 2D cases for pure advection simulation. That is, good conservation, better monotonicity, and higher accuracy are maintained by the improved TVD schemes compared with the present ones deduced from uniform grids, and they keep superiorities even when implemented on poor grids. Among all the improved TVD schemes, the modified SUPERBEE is only recommended for poor 1D grids, but the modified Van Leer scheme can suit both poor 1D and 2D grids. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of cancer‐testis antigens MAGE‐A4 and MAGE‐C1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Montoro José Raphael de Moura Campos , Mamede Rui Celso Martins , Neder Serafini Luciano , Saggioro Fabiano Pinto , Figueiredo David Livingstone Alves , Silva Wilson Araújo da , Jungbluth Achim A. , Spagnoli Giulio Cesare , Zago Marco Antônio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundTumor markers are genes or their products expressed exclusively or preferentially in tumor cells and cancer‐testis antigens (CTAs) form a group of genes with a typical expression pattern expressed in a variety of malignant neoplasms. CTAs are considered potential targets for cancer vaccines. It is possible that the CTA MAGE‐A4 (melanoma antigen) and MAGE‐C1 are expressed in carcinoma of the oral cavity and are related with survival.MethodsThis study involved immunohistochemical analysis of 23 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and was carried out using antibodies for MAGE‐A4 and MAGE‐C1. Fisher's exact test and log‐rank test were used to evaluate the results.ResultsThe expression of the MAGE‐A4 and MAGE‐C1 were 56.5% and 47.8% without statistical difference in studied variables and survival.ConclusionThe expression of at least 1 CTA was present in 78.3% of the patients, however, without correlation with clinicopathologic variables and survival. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Plasma epstein‐barr virus DNA concentration and clearance rate as novel prognostic factors for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hsu Cheng‐Lung , Chang Kai‐Ping , Lin Chien‐Yu , Chang Hsien‐Kun , Wang Cheng‐Hsu , Lin Tung‐Liang , Liao Chun‐Ta , Tsang Ngan‐Ming , Lee Li‐Yu , Chan Sheng‐Chieh , Ng Shu‐Hang , Li Hsin‐Pai , Chang Yu‐Sun , Wang Hung‐Ming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the pretreatment copy number and the clearance rate of plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA as novel prognostic outcome markers for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsSeventy‐three patients with metastatic NPC were treated at outpatient department. Plasma EBV DNA concentrations and half‐life values of plasma viral clearance rates, were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsTreatment response evaluated after 3 to 6 months of treatment showed that the overall response rate was 53.5%. The pretreatment plasma EBV DNA concentrations and the half‐life of plasma EBV DNA clearance rates had significant effects on treatment response and overall survival prediction. In the chemotherapy regimen, gemcitabine plus cisplatin had a better treatment outcome than the cisplatin plus oral UFT and calcium folinate–based regimens.ConclusionsThe pretreatment plasma EBV DNA copy number and their clearance rates are significant predictors for NPC treatment outcome. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Cryogun cryotherapy for oral leukoplakia
Authors: Lin Hung‐Pin , Chen Hsin‐Ming , Cheng Shih‐Jung , Yu Chuan‐Hang , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundOur previous study showed that cotton‐swab cryotherapy is an alternative treatment modality for oral leukoplakia.MethodsThis study used liquid nitrogen spray with a cryogun (cryogun cryotherapy) to treat 60 oral leukoplakia lesions.ResultsComplete regression was achieved in all 60 oral leukoplakia lesions after cryogun cryotherapy. We found that 60 oral leukoplakia lesions treated with cryogen cryotherapy needed significantly fewer mean treatments (3.1 ± 1.3) to achieve complete regression than 60 previously reported oral leukoplakia lesions treated with cotton‐swab cryotherapy (mean, 6.3 ± 3.8 treatments). Oral leukoplakia lesions on oral mucosal sites other than the tongue, <2 cm2, with epithelial dysplasia, or with a surface keratin thickness <55 μm required significantly fewer cryogun cryotherapy treatments to achieve complete regression.ConclusionsFor treatment of oral leukoplakia, the cryogun cryotherapy needed fewer mean treatments to achieve complete regression of the lesions than the cotton‐swab cryotherapy. Head Neck, 2012
Quantitative analysis of free flap volume changes in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuaki , Kimata Yoshihiro , Onoda Satoshi , Mizukawa Nobuyoshi , Onoda Tomoo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine whether free flap volume decreases or increases in the long‐term postoperative period.MethodsWe used a retrospective analysis of 17 patients to measure muscle and fat volume in free flap with 3‐dimensional (3D) images using the AZE Virtual Place Lexus64.ResultsSeventeen patients underwent free flap reconstruction with rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps (n = 11) or anterolateral thigh flaps (n = 6). Median follow‐up was 28.9 months (range, 2.1–48.4 months). Total flap volume was significantly decreased in flaps including ≥40% muscle (p = .011). Mean final muscle volume was 50% at an average of 12 months. Final fat volume was significantly higher for cases with no evidence of disease (mean, 116.7%) than for died‐of‐the‐disease cases (mean, 70.3%; p = .007).ConclusionUse of free flaps with a high ratio of fat to muscle is sustainable and can gain volume over time, as transplanted fat can increase depending on host condition. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Endoplasmic reticulum-tethered transcription factor cAMP responsive element-binding protein, hepatocyte specific, regulates hepatic lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and lipolysis upon metabolic stress in mice
Authors: Zhang Chunbin , Wang Guohui , Zheng Ze , Maddipati Krishna Rao , Zhang Xuebao , Dyson Gregory , Williams Paul , Duncan Stephen A. , Kaufman Randal J. , Zhang Kezhong 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

cAMP responsive element-binding protein, hepatocyte specific (CREBH), is a liver-specific transcription factor localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Our previous work demonstrated that CREBH is activated by ER stress or inflammatory stimuli to induce an acute-phase hepatic inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that CREBH is a key metabolic regulator of hepatic lipogenesis, fatty acid (FA) oxidation, and lipolysis under metabolic stress. Saturated FA, insulin signals, or an atherogenic high-fat diet can induce CREBH activation in the liver. Under the normal chow diet, CrebH knockout mice display a modest decrease in hepatic lipid contents, but an increase in plasma triglycerides (TGs). After having been fed an atherogenic high-fat (AHF) diet, massive accumulation of hepatic lipid metabolites and significant increase in plasma TG levels were observed in the CrebH knockout mice. Along with the hypertriglyceridemia phenotype, the CrebH null mice displayed significantly reduced body-weight gain, diminished abdominal fat, and increased nonalcoholic steatohepatitis activities under the AHF diet. Gene-expression analysis and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that CREBH is required to activate the expression of the genes encoding functions involved in de novo lipogenesis, TG and cholesterol biosynthesis, FA elongation and oxidation, lipolysis, and lipid transport. Supporting the role of CREBH in lipogenesis and lipolysis, forced expression of an activated form of CREBH protein in the liver significantly increases accumulation of hepatic lipids, but reduces plasma TG levels in mice. Conclusion: All together, our study shows that CREBH plays a key role in maintaining lipid homeostasis by regulating the expression of the genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis, FA oxidation, and lipolysis under metabolic stress. The identification of CREBH as a stress-inducible metabolic regulator has important implications in the understanding and treatment of metabolic disease. (Hepatology 2012)
Intestinal bacterial translocation in rats with cirrhosis is related to compromised paneth cell antimicrobial host defense
Authors: Teltschik Zora , Wiest Reiner , Beisner Julia , Nuding Sabine , Hofmann Claudia , Schoelmerich Juergen , Bevins Charles L. , Stange Eduard F. , Wehkamp Jan 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Liver cirrhosis is associated with bacterial translocation (BT) and endotoxemia. Most translocating bacteria belong to the common intestinal microbiota, suggesting a breakdown of intestinal barrier function. We hypothesized that diminished mucosal antimicrobial host defense could predispose to BT. Two rodent models of portal hypertension with increased BT were used, CCl4-induced ascitic cirrhosis and 2-day portal vein–ligated (PVL) animals. BT was assessed by standard microbiological techniques on mesenteric lymph nodes. Total RNA was isolated systematically throughout the intestinal tract, and expression of Paneth cell α-cryptdins and β-defensins was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To determine functional consequences, mucosal antimicrobial activity was assessed with a fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay. BT was detectable in 40% of rats with cirrhosis. Compared with the group without BT, these animals exhibited diminished intestinal Paneth cell α-cryptdin 5 and 7 expression. In contrast, PVL was associated with BT in all animals but did not affect antimicrobial peptides. The decrease in Paneth cell antimicrobials was most pronounced in the ileum and the coecum. Other antimicrobials showed no changes or even an induction in the case of BT at different sites. Antimicrobial activity toward different commensal strains was reduced, especially in the distal ileum and the cecum in experimental cirrhosis with BT (excluding PVL). Conclusion: Compromised Paneth cell antimicrobial host defense seems to predispose to BT in experimental cirrhosis. Understanding this liver–gut axis including the underlying mechanisms could help us to find new treatment avenues. (Hepatology 2012)
Clinical relevance of detectable but not quantifiable hepatitis C virus RNA during boceprevir or telaprevir treatment
Authors: Harrington Patrick R. , Zeng Wen , Naeger Lisa K. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Boceprevir- and telaprevir-based treatments for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection use specific response-guided therapy (RGT) guidelines. Eligibility for shortened treatment duration is based on achieving undetectable HCV RNA early during treatment. It is unclear whether a detected HCV RNA level that is below the assay lower limit of quantitation (detectable/BLOQ) is comparable to an undetectable HCV RNA level for RGT decision making. We analyzed data from boceprevir and telaprevir clinical trials to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the frequency and clinical relevance of detectable/BLOQ HCV RNA measurements. In Phase 3 trials P05216 (boceprevir), C216 (telaprevir), and 108 (telaprevir), detectable/BLOQ levels were reported for approximately 10%-20% of all on-treatment HCV RNA measurements. In P05216 and C216, subjects with detectable/BLOQ HCV RNA, on average, had a reduced sustained virologic response (SVR) rate compared with subjects with undetectable HCV RNA at the same on-treatment timepoint. At key RGT timepoints (week 8 for boceprevir, week 4 for telaprevir), subjects with detectable/BLOQ HCV RNA had an approximately 20% lower SVR rate compared with subjects with undetectable HCV RNA, and this difference widened for later on-treatment timepoints. A similar trend was observed for Study 108, but the differences in SVR rates were modest, potentially explained by a higher frequency of reported detectable/BLOQ results. Analyses of Phase 2 boceprevir and telaprevir trials indicated subjects with detectable/BLOQ HCV RNA at RGT timepoints benefited from extended treatment duration. Conclusion: During boceprevir- and telaprevir-based treatment, subjects with detectable/BLOQ HCV RNA had a reduced virologic response compared with subjects with undetectable HCV RNA. Eligibility for shortened treatment duration should be based on achieving undetectable HCV RNA (i.e., HCV RNA not detected) at RGT decision timepoints. (Hepatology 2012)
Family history of liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Turati Federica , Edefonti Valeria , Talamini Renato , Ferraroni Monica , Malvezzi Matteo , Bravi Francesca , Franceschi Silvia , Montella Maurizio , Polesel Jerry , Zucchetto Antonella , La Vecchia Carlo , Negri Eva , Decarli Adriano 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been frequently reported in eastern Asiatic countries, where hepatitis B infection is common. Little is known about the relationship between family history of liver cancer and HCC in Western populations. We carried out a case-control study in Italy, involving 229 HCC cases and 431 hospital controls. Data on family history were summarized through a binary indicator (yes/no) and a family history score (FHscore), considering selected family characteristics. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from unconditional multiple logistic regression models, including terms for age, sex, study center, education, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, hepatitis B surface antigen, and/or anti–hepatitis C virus positivity. We also performed a meta-analysis on family history of liver cancer and liver cancer updated to April 2011 using random-effects models. After adjustment for chronic infection with hepatitis B/C viruses, family history of liver cancer was associated with HCC risk, when using both the binary indicator (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.01-5.58) and the FHscore, with increasing ORs for successive score categories. Compared to subjects without family history and no chronic infection with hepatitis B/C viruses, the OR for those exposed to both risk factors was 72.48 (95% CI, 21.92-239.73). In the meta-analysis, based on nine case-control and four cohort studies, for a total of approximately 3,600 liver cancer cases, the pooled relative risk for family history of liver cancer was 2.50 (95% CI, 2.06-3.03).

Conclusion :

A family history of liver cancer increases HCC risk, independently of hepatitis. The combination of family history of liver cancer and hepatitis B/C serum markers is associated with an over 70-fold elevated HCC risk. (Hepatology 2011)
Murine double minute 2 regulates Hu antigen R stability in human liver and colon cancer through NEDDylation
Authors: Embade Nieves , Fernández-Ramos David , Varela-Rey Marta , Beraza Naiara , Sini Marcella , de Juan Virginia Gutiérrez , Woodhoo Ashwin , Martínez-López Nuria , Rodríguez-Iruretagoyena Begoña , Bustamante Francisco Javier , de la Hoz Ana Belén , Carracedo Arkaitz , Xirodimas Dimitris P. , Rodríguez Manuel S. , Lu Shelly C. , Mato José M. , Martínez-Chantar María L. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Hu antigen R (HuR) is a central RNA-binding protein regulating cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and survival, which are well-established hallmarks of cancer. HuR is frequently overexpressed in tumors correlating with tumor malignancy, which is in line with a role for HuR in tumorigenesis. However, the precise mechanism leading to changes in HuR expression remains unclear. In the liver, HuR plays a crucial role in hepatocyte proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. Here, we unraveled a novel mean of regulation of HuR expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colon cancer. HuR levels correlate with the abundance of the oncogene, murine double minute 2 (Mdm2), in human HCC and colon cancer metastases. HuR is stabilized by Mdm2-mediated NEDDylation in at least three lysine residues, ensuring its nuclear localization and protection from degradation. Conclusion: This novel Mdm2/NEDD8/HuR regulatory framework is essential for the malignant transformation of tumor cells, which, in turn, unveils a novel signaling paradigm that is pharmacologically amenable for cancer therapy. (Hepatology 2012)
Assessing the investigation of streamflow source areas through uncertainty evaluation of numerical experiments in small catchments
Authors: Soria Freddy , Kazama So 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study proposes an algorithm to identify streamflow source areas through the interpretation of the predictive uncertainty analysis of streamflow generation. The method interprets model‐free variance‐based sensitivity indices and response surfaces to track the spatiotemporal evolution of streamflow source areas that define the components of a single rainfall‐runoff event‐driven hydrograph. Under a Monte Carlo framework, a distributed model was used to investigate (at daily resolution) a mountainous catchment with simple terrain in Japan and (at monthly resolution) a mountainous Andean watershed with complex terrain. Results suggest that for simple terrains, integrative river discharge observations at the outlet describe, to a great extent, most states of the catchment runoff response. However, for the time steps during which rainfall strikes, the validity of the observations at the outlet is restricted to the main stream. In the watershed with simple terrain, permanently saturated areas were found in the low lands and the riparian areas (slope gradients from 1% to 10%). The storage zones are on the headwaters (slope gradients up to 23%). Transitional zones cover the remaining areas. In complex terrains, the role of the topographic slope gradients is more relevant than the topology for the streamflow source areas delineation. In the Andean watershed, the dominating processes are in the headwaters, where the slope gradients are gentle (from 3% to 20%), and wetlands act as transient water reservoirs. In conclusion, the transferability of information at different spatiotemporal scales between catchments with heterogeneous topography and complex terrain seems unlikely. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring frataxin function
Authors: Busi Maria V. , Gomez‐Casati Diego F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFrataxin is a nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial protein highly conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Its deficiency was initially described as the phenotype of Friedreich's ataxia, an autosomal recessive disease in humans. Although several functions have been described for frataxin, that is, involvement in Fe‐S cluster and heme synthesis, energy conversion and oxidative phosphorylation, iron handling and response to oxidative damage, its precise function remains unclear. Although there is a general consensus on the participation of frataxin in the maintenance of cellular iron homeostasis and in iron metabolism, this protein may have other specific functions in different tissues and organisms. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2011.