bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Doubly Locked 5Zs15Za-Biliverdin Derivatives and Their Unique Spectral Behavior
Authors: Chen Liyi , Kinoshita Hideki , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Doubly locked 5Zs15Za-biliverdin (BV) derivatives were synthesized toward the investigation of stereochemistry and function of the chromophore in bacteriophytochromes. The unique spectral behavior of the doubly locked 5Zs15Za-BV derivatives was observed by UV–vis spectroscopy.
Synthesis of Dense and Pinhole-free Y-zeolite for Separation Membrane Using a Modified Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Nakahira Atsushi , Nagata Hidezumi , Onoki Takamasa , Yamasaki Yuki , Hashida Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Dense zeolite membrane without defects such as pinholes and cracks was synthesized on a porous alumina support by a newly modified hydrothermal technique, i.e., double-layered capsule hydrothermal method.
Fluorescence-based Indicator Displacement Assay for Phosphosugar Detection Using Zinc(II) Dipicolylamine-appended Phenylboronic Acid
Authors: Horie Shoichi , Kubo Yuji 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We have found that 6,7-dihydroxy-4-sulfonatemethylcoumarin more favorably binds to boron than to coordinated zinc(II) in ZnII–dipicolylamine (DPA)-appended phenylboronic acid in water at neutral pH. By studying this novel property we have developed a fluorescence-based indicator displacement assay for the detection of phosphosugars in water.
Effects of Bubbling N2 or O2 Gas in Syntheses of Gold Nanocrystals Using a Polyol Method
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Ueyama Daisuke , Alam Md Jahangir 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Shapes and sizes of Au nanocrystals prepared by reducing HAuCl4 in ethylene glycol (EG) depended strongly on the presence of O2 in EG. At 110 °C icosahedrons, one-dimensional (1-D) rods and wires, and spherical particles were major products under bubbling N2 gas, whereas octahedrons and nanoplates were dominant products under bubbling O2 gas. At 198 °C decahedrons and icosahedrons were major products under bubbling N2 gas, whereas the yields of larger octahedrons, nanoplates, and spherical particles increased under bubbling O2 gas. These results show that bubbling N2 or O2 gas at different temperatures can be used as a new experimental parameter for the shape- and size-controlled synthesis of Au nanostructures.
Chemical Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride Nanorods in an Autoclave at 200 °C
Authors: Fu Li , Xu Liqiang , Duan Junling , Li Ting , Yang Lishan , Qian Yitai 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Hexagonal phase aluminum nitride (AlN) nanorods have been prepared via a chemical reaction from Al, I2, and NaN3 in an autoclave at 200 °C. Electron microscopy investigations show that the nanorods have diameters ranging from 50 to 100 nm and lengths up to several micrometers. Thermal gravimetric analysis reveals that the sample has good thermal stability below 600 °C, and room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) of the sample shows a strong emission peak centered at 397 nm.
Palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck Reactions of 2-Methylene-1,3-dithiane 1-Oxide with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Morita Eiji , Iwasaki Masayuki , Yoshida Suguru , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Treatment of 2-methylene-1,3-dithiane 1-oxide with aryl iodides under palladium catalysis in the presence of potassium carbonate and tetrabutylammonium bromide leads to the Mizoroki–Heck arylation to yield 2-(arylmethylene)-1,3-dithiane 1-oxides in high yields.
Endovenous laser procedure in a clinic room: feasibility and side effects study of 1700 cases
Authors: Hamel-Desnos C , Gérard J-L , Desnos P 
Published: May 2009

Objectives To assess the feasibility of saphenous veins ablation by laser in a clinic room. To study immediate and short term (1 to 6 months) complications and to pinpoint those that could be directly linked to this environment. Efficacy of the technique should also be documented. Methods Retrospective study (22 centres) carried out in France and Switzerland. Patients with insufficiency of great saphenous vein (GSV) or small saphenous vein (SSV). Clinical stages of clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathophysiological classification (CEAP) were C2 to C6. Endovenous laser procedures were performed outside an operating theatre, under local anaesthesia and without high ligation. Efficacy criteria: occlusion of the vein and disappearance of the pathological reflux (duplex scan assessment). The side effects and complications were studied. Results A total of 1703 procedures (1422 patients) were performed; 74% of the patients were women. The mean age of the patients was 57. A total of 1394 GSV and 309 SSV were treated (mean diameters 7.2 mm and 6.4 mm, respectively). Overall success level was 97% and mean length of veins treated was 40 cm for GSV and 21 cm for SSV. Energy applied in joules per centimeter was homogenous (mean and median 64 for GSV and 65 for SSV). Complications were rare and ‘simple’ apart from one pulmonary embolism which occurred 10 days after a GSV procedure, although no deep vein thrombus was found. A total of two infections were observed: one was an infection localized at the site of access and the other was erysipelas. Conclusion Except 2 limited infections (0.1%), this large retrospective study of laser procedures performed outside the operating theatre did not reveal any significant specific complications as regards the environment required. The efficacy results were equivalent to those found in the literature. Regarding cost and constraints induced by operating theatre environment, the clinic room should be able to offer an easier and economic alternative option for saphenous veins ablation with laser.
Records of Rhodophyta new to the flora of the Iberian Atlantic coast
Authors: Berecibar Estibaliz , Wynne Michael J. , Bárbara Ignacio , Santos Rui 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study, 10 new records of subtidal Rhodophyta are given for the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Most of these species of benthic marine algae are characteristic of temperate regions. Two were known previously only for the Mediterranean Sea (Gelidium bipectinatumandGloiocladia microspora), and their distribution into the Atlantic Ocean has been enlarged in this study. The northern distribution limits in the Atlantic Ocean of six other species (Nemastoma dichotomum,Predaea ollivieri,Predaea pusilla,Platoma cyclocolpa,Sebdenia dichotoma, andSebdenia rodrigueziana) and the southern distribution limit of another species (Schmitzia neapolitana) have been expanded. Description, habitats, and distributions of the species are also given.
Lomentaria benahoarensis (Lomentariaceae, Rhodophyta), a diminutive epiphytic new species from La Palma, Canary Islands (eastern Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Afonso-Carrillo Julio , Sangil Carlos , Sansón Marta 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The marine red alga Lomentaria benahoarensis sp. nov. from the Canary Islands is described. Plants grow epiphytically on Corallina elongata forming turfs of creeping axes attached by lateral discoid holdfasts and erect axes up to 12 mm high. Erect axes are terete to slightly compressed, 200–300(–1000) μm broad, radially branched up to three orders, with laterals progressively thinner, constricted only at the bases of terminal axes. The cortex is three-layered with the outermost cortical cells arranged in a near-continuous surface layer. Medullary filaments form a loose network of narrow elongate cells, which bear secretory cells. Gametophytes are dioecious with spermatangia formed in continuous spermatangial sori; cystocarps are urceolate and ostiolate. Tetrasporangia are subspherical and formed in depressed rounded sori in slightly swollen regions in the middle of fertile terminal axes. The new species has no single unique feature, but differs from the other Lomentaria species by a distinctive combination of attributes. Closest related species to Lomentaria benahoarensis appear to be L. corallicola, L. gracillima, L. monochlamydea, L. orcadensis, L. rawitscheri, and L. tenerrima. Although all these species have a diminutive, decumbent habit and lack regular constrictions in axes, the number of cortical cell layers and the arrangement of outer cortical cells distinguish them.
Morphology and anatomy of Halymenia actinophysa (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) from the southwestern Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Kantun Jazmín J. , Riosmena-Rodriguez Rafael , León-Cisneros Karla 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The original description of Halymenia actinophysa was based on few thalli and limited characteristics. Moreover, later descriptions seem to have included more than one species; the confusion of identity was exacerbated by the lack of carposporangial material. From 1995 to 2006, extensive collections of this species were made at several locations (including the type locality) in the southwestern part of the Gulf of California. The study focused on gametangial material. Our aim was to analyze the morphology and anatomy of this species (based on vegetative and reproductive features) to better understand species discrimination. Halymenia actinophysa is a foliose alga with orbiculate to elliptical ruffled blades and a gelatinous, membranous, slippery frond texture. In transverse section, the blade has a thickness of 150–300 μm, a cortex with one or two rounded or elongated cells and an internal layer with elongated, stellate cells connected to the anticlinal filaments of the medulla. Reproductive anatomy is in agreement with the modern concept of the genus and supports the concept that earlier descriptions comprised a mixture of species. The present study strongly suggests the need for a formal review of the genus Halymenia in the Gulf of California to delimit the species and to relate them to other genera of the same family.
Baseball-Related Injuries to Children Treated in Hospital Emergency Departments in the United States, 1994–2006
Authors: Lawson Bradley R. , Comstock R. Dawn , Smith Gary A. 
Published: May 2009

OBJECTIVE. To describe the epidemiology of baseball-related injuries among children in the United States.
METHODS. This was a retrospective analysis of data for children younger than 18 years of age from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) of the Consumer Product Safety Commission from 1994 through 2006. Sample weights provided by the NEISS were used to calculate national estimates of baseball-related injuries. Injury rates were calculated according to age group by using both population and baseball-participation data.
RESULTS. An estimated 1 596 000 (95% confidence interval: 1 330 100–1 861 800) children younger than 18 years were treated in US hospital emergency departments for baseball-related injuries during the 13-year period from 1994 through 2006. During the study period, the annual number of injuries declined by 24.9%, and the annual injury rate for children younger than 18 years decreased significantly (P &lt; .000). The most commonly injured body parts were the face (33.5%) and the upper extremity (32.4%). The most common injury diagnoses were soft tissue injury (34.3%) and fracture (18.4%). The most common mechanism of injury was being hit by the baseball (46.0%). Children in the 9- to 12-year age group had the highest injury rate (2.4 per 1000 population). When injury rates were calculated by using baseball-participation data (2003), children in the 12- to 17-year age group had a higher injury rate (19.8 per 1000 participants) than those in the 6- to 11-year age group (12.1 per 1000 participants).
CONCLUSIONS. Youth baseball is a relatively safe sport for children. Although injury rates and the total number of injuries declined during the study period, our findings indicate that there are opportunities for making baseball an even safer sport for children. We recommend that all youth baseball players wear properly fitted mouth guards, that all leagues, schools, and parks install safety bases, that all batters use helmets with face shields, and that all players use safety baseballs.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Different Methods Used to Estimate Weights in the Pediatric Population
Authors: So Tsz-Yin , Farrington Elizabeth , Absher Randall K. 
Published: May 2009

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to compare the predictive accuracy of 3 methods (Broselow tape, Leffler formula, and Theron formula) for pediatric weight estimation to identify factors that can influence weight estimation, and to derive alternative models for such estimation if indicated.
METHODS. This was a prospective, nonblinded observational study. Every patient in the cohort was ≤10 years of age. The patients’ age and height were used to estimate their weight by using the 3 previously mentioned methods. These estimated weights were compared with the patients’ actual weight by using the modified Bland-Altman method.
RESULTS. One thousand eleven subjects were included. Percent differences between predicted and actual weight were significantly less using the Broselow tape compared with other methods for patients weighing &lt;10 or 10 to 25 kg and for the Theron formula compared with other methods for patients weighing &gt;40 kg. For patients weighing 25.1 to 40 kg, performance of the Broselow tape and Leffler method were similar, and both were superior to the Theron formula. Three weight predictors (age, gender, and ethnicity) were identified, and 2 new weight-estimation models were derived from the cohort.
CONCLUSIONS. The Broselow tape is accurate for weight estimation in children ≤25 kg, but the Theron formula performs better with patients weighing &gt;40 kg. The Broselow tape was not statistically superior to the Leffler formula in subjects weighing 25.1 to 40 kg. A separate cohort is needed to evaluate the validity of the alternative predictive formulae.
Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatric Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections in the Era of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Elliott Daniel J. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Troxel Andrea B. , Loh Andrew , Keren Ron 
Published: May 2009

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to compare the clinical effectiveness of monotherapy with β-lactams, clindamycin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the outpatient management of nondrained noncultured skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-endemic region.
METHODS. A retrospective, nested, case-control trial was conducted with a cohort of patients from 5 urban pediatric practices in a community-acquired MRSA-endemic region. All subjects were treated as outpatients with oral monotherapy for nondrained noncultured SSTIs between January 2004 and March 2007. The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as a drainage procedure, hospitalization, change in antibiotic, or second antibiotic prescription within 28 days.
RESULTS. Of 2096 children with nondrained noncultured SSTIs, 104 (5.0%) were identified as experiencing treatment failure and were matched to 480 control subjects. Compared with β-lactam therapy, clindamycin was equally effective but trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated with an increased risk of failure. Other factors independently associated with failure included initial treatment in the emergency department, presence or history of fever, and presence of either induration or a small abscess.
CONCLUSIONS. Compared with β-lactams, clindamycin monotherapy conferred no benefit, whereas trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated with an increased risk of treatment failure in a cohort of children with nondrained noncultured SSTIs who were treated as outpatients. Even in regions with endemic community-acquired MRSA, β-lactams may still be appropriate, first-line, empiric therapy for children presenting with these infections.
Weight for Gestational Age Affects the Mortality of Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Pulver Laurie S. , Guest-Warnick Ginger , Stoddard Gregory J. , Byington Carrie L. , Young Paul C. 
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND. Late preterm infant mortality is higher than that for term newborns. The association between weight for gestational age (WGA) category and late preterm mortality has not been well described.
OBJECTIVES. Our objectives for this research were as follows: (1) to compare neonatal and infant mortality rates of SGA, AGA, and LGA late preterm, early term, and term newborns; (2) to determine the relative risk of neonatal and infant death for each WGA category; and (3) to examine causes of neonatal and infant death.
METHODS. We reviewed linked birth and death certificate data for all infants from Utah born between 1999 and 2005 with a GA ≥34 weeks. We calculated neonatal and infant mortality rates for each GA/birth weight stratum and estimated mortality rate ratios using AGA term infants as the reference. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes were used to classify cause of death.
RESULTS. There were 343322 newborns with GA ≥34 weeks from 1999 to 2005. Late preterm SGA infants were ∼44 times more likely than term AGA newborns to die in their first month and 22 times more likely to die in their first year. When infants dying from congenital conditions were excluded, the differences in mortality rate ratios persisted for SGA infants, especially those born in the late preterm period.
CONCLUSIONS. Being SGA substantially increases the already higher mortality of late preterm and early term newborns. This increased risk cannot be fully explained by an increased prevalence of lethal congenital conditions among SGA late preterm newborns. Clinicians caring for late preterm and early term newborns should be cognizant of their WGA category.
Efficacy of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Children Younger Than 24 Months: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pavia Maria , Bianco Aida , Nobile Carmelo G. A. , Marinelli Paolo , Angelillo Italo F. 
Published: May 2009

CONTEXT. Pneumococcal conjugate bacterial vaccines that are able to prevent invasive disease and mucosal infections have been developed.
OBJECTIVE. A meta-analysis of published data from trials on pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was performed to determine the efficacy in reducing the incidence of invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, pneumonia, and acute otitis media in healthy infants younger than 24 months.
METHODS. A systematic search of the literature was conducted. Controlled clinical trials had to compare the protective efficacy of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in reducing the incidence of invasive disease caused by S pneumoniae, pneumonia, and acute otitis media in healthy infants with placebo or control vaccines. Information was extracted by using a standardized protocol.
RESULTS. The efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the reduction of invasive pneumococcal disease was 89% involving vaccine serotypes in both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses and ranged from 63% to 74% for all serotypes. The efficacy to prevent acute otitis media sustained by vaccine serotypes was 55% in the intention-to-treat and 57% in the per-protocol analyses, whereas it was 29% to prevent otitis involving all serotypes in the per-protocol analysis. Finally, in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, the efficacy to prevent clinical pneumonia was 6% and 7%, respectively, whereas for the prevention of radiograph-confirmed pneumonia it was 29% and 32%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine produces a significant effect regarding prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease. Results on prevention of otitis or pneumonia have been less striking, but considering the high burden of these diseases in infants, even a low efficacy has potential for tremendous impact on the health of infants in developing and industrialized countries.
Collisions between discrete spatiotemporal dissipative Ginzburg-Landau solitons in two-dimensional photonic lattices
Authors: Mihalache Dumitru , Mazilu Dumitru , Lederer Falk 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Systematic results of collisions between discrete spatiotemporal dissipative Ginzburg-Landau solitons in two-dimensional photonic lattices are reported. The generic outcomes are identified for (i) the collision of two identical solitons located in the corner, at the edge, and in the center of the photonic lattice, and for (ii) the collision of two non-identical corner and edge solitons located at different distances from the boundaries of the photonic lattice. Depending on the values of the kick (collision momentum) and of the nonlinear (cubic) gain, the collision scenarios include soliton merging, creation of an extra soliton, soliton bouncing, soliton spreading, and quasi-elastic (symmetric) interactions.
Germanium segregation in CVD grown SiGe layers
Authors: Novikau Andrei , Gaiduk Peter 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A 2D layer of spherical, crystalline Ge nanodots embedded in a SiO2 layer was formed by low pressure chemical vapour deposition combined with furnace oxidation and rapid thermal annealing. The samples were characterized structurally by using transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford back scattering spectrometry, as well as electrically by measuring C-V and I-V characteristics. It was found that formation of a high density Ge dots took place due to oxidation induced Ge segregation. The dots were situated in the SiO2 at the average distance 5–6 nm from the substrate. Strong evidence of charge storage effect in the crystalline Ge-nanodot layer was demonstrated by the hysteresis behavior of the high-frequency C-V curves.
Antimicrobial therapy for multidrug resistant pathogens
Authors: Weese J. S. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryMultidrug resistant bacteria are tremendous causes of morbidity and mortality in human medicine, and emerging pathogens in equine medicine. A variety of organisms, such as methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), vancomycin resistantEnterococcusspp. (VRE) and multidrug resistantAcinetobacterspp.,Pseudomonasspp. and Enterobacteriaceae are of concern in equine medicine. Veterinary practitioners need to be aware of key diagnostic, clinical, therapeutic, epidemiological and infection control aspects to limit the impact of these organisms on the equine, and perhaps human, population.
Irrigation Management Transfer: A New Methodology to Improve thePerformance of Agency Managed Irrigation Systems (AMISs)
Authors: Singh Achyut Man 
Published: May 2009

This paper presents a new concept on the management of Agency Managed Irrigation Systems with the joint participation of the agency and the users, with their defined roles and responsibilities. The message of the system governance and operation methodology are disseminated to the grass root level of the users. Resource management and water charge collection are anticipated to be firmly applied in the system. The users and Water User's Association and also Department of Irrigation field staff will be well trained in the Irrigation Management Transfer process with capacity building. For sustainability, monitoring and evaluation with independent auditing are part of the process. The general Irrigation Management Transfer procedures adopted by Department of Irrigation are redefined to this new concept in the World Bank assisted Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project. Key words: Irrigation management transfer, water users, AMIS, World Bank, Nepal doi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1916 Hydro Nepal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, July 2008. Page: 29-34