bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of the Antiviral Activity of Various Drugs Based on 6-Fluoro-3-Hydroxy-2-Pyrazinecarboxamide (Favipiravir) Against COVID-19
Authors: Loginova S. Ya. , Schukina V. N. , Savenko S. V. , Rubtsov V. V. , Borisevich S. V. , Chizhov D. L. , Rusinov G. L. , Verbitskiy E. V. , Charushin V. N. , Kotovskaya S. K. , Rusinov V. L. 
Published: June 2024

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, originated in Wuhan, China, has claimed millions of lives around the world. In this regard, the search for effective drugs, including the repurposing of existing ones, has become an urgent task. A promising treatment strategy appears to be drug disruption of viral reproduction. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is the central subunit of the RNA synthesis process for all positive-strand RNA viruses and is therefore an attractive target for antiviral inhibitors.The aim of this work is an experimental study of the antiviral activity of various drugs based on 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (Favipiravir) in vitro and in vivo against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19).Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on a permanent culture of African green monkey kidney cells — Vero Cl008. The effectiveness of the drugs was assessed by suppressing the reproduction of the virus in vitro. Biological activity was assessed by titration of the virus-containing suspension in Vero Cl008 cell culture by the formation of negative colonies. Syrian golden hamsters orally infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, variant B, were used in the study. The effectiveness of the drug was assessed by the coefficient of therapeutic action.Results. The results of the study revealed that the compounds FP-1 and Avifavir in the concentration range of 100–400 µg/ml almost completely suppress the reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; the CTI index for the drug FP-1 was 4, for Avifavir it was 2. The ED₅₀ value for FP-1 was 26 µg/ml, for Avifavir it was 36 µg/ml. Preparations T-705 and Coronavir revealed antiviral activity only at extremely high concentrations. The CTI was 1. During the study on Syrian golden hamsters orally infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, variant B, at a dose of 5×105 PFU, it was shown that the use of Avifavir and FP-1 has a high protective efficacy, while Coronavir and T-705 cause a moderate suppression of virus reproduction in the target organ. According to the complex of clinical-virological, biochemical, and hematological indicators, the disease severity index (DSI) and the therapeutic index (TI) were calculated. For the drug Avifavir, the DSI was 0.269; the TI was 71.3% with a probability of 99.9%.Conclusion. Of the studied compounds, Avifavir and FP-1 showed the highest antiviral activity.
Prediction of Aztreonam Effectiveness Against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Based on the Results of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with Increased Inoculum
Authors: Alieva K. N. , Golikova M. V. , Kondratieva D. A. , Kuznetsova A. A. 
Published: June 2024

Background. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) does not predict the risk of antibacterial resistance development due to a small sample of tested bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration at an increased inoculum (MICHI) may become a suitable parameter for this purpose as a sample of tested bacteria is larger while the method of determination remains easy.The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of using MICHI as a parameter for predicting the resistance development in Klebsiella pneumoniae to aztreonam.Methods. Aztreonam MIC and MICHI values were assessed against two strains of K. pneumoniae using the microdilution method (0.2 ml volume; inoculum of 5×105 and 5×107 CFU/ml, respectively) and compared the results with the effect of aztreonam in a dynamic in vitro model, in which aztreonam regimen of 2 grams every 8 hours as a 2-hour infusion for 5 days was simulated.Results. The efficacy of aztreonam against K. pneumoniae observed in the dynamic model was consistent with the MICHIs values assessed based on bacterial viability. During the visual assessment, the MICHIs values were greatly overestimated due to excessive turbidity caused by the formation of filamentous forms of bacteria exposed to aztreonam.Conclusions. The MICHI parameter can be used to predict the development of resistance in K. pneumoniae to aztreonam when assessing the values of this parameter by the number of viable cells, but not by the visual boundary of bacterial growth.
Sheep (Ovis aries) training protocol for voluntary awake and unrestrained structural brain MRI acquisitions
Authors: Pluchot Camille , Adriaensen Hans , Parias Céline , Dubreuil Didier , Arnould Cécile , Chaillou Elodie , Love Scott A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technique that requires the participant to be completely motionless. To date, MRI in awake and unrestrained animals has only been achieved with humans and dogs. For other species, alternative techniques such as anesthesia, restraint and/or sedation have been necessary. Anatomical and functional MRI studies with sheep have only been conducted under general anesthesia. This ensures the absence of movement and allows relatively long MRI experiments but it removes the non-invasive nature of the MRI technique (i.e., IV injections, intubation). Anesthesia can also be detrimental to health, disrupt neurovascular coupling, and does not permit the study of higher-level cognition. Here, we present a proof-of-concept that sheep can be trained to perform a series of tasks, enabling them to voluntarily participate in MRI sessions without anesthesia or restraint. We describe a step-by-step training protocol based on positive reinforcement (food and praise) that could be used as a basis for future neuroimaging research in sheep. This protocol details the two successive phases required for sheep to successfully achieve MRI acquisitions of their brain. By providing structural brain MRI images from six out of ten sheep, we demonstrate the feasibility of our training protocol. This innovative training protocol paves the way for the possibility of conducting animal welfare-friendly functional MRI studies with sheep to investigate ovine cognition.
Observations of the 2024 May 14 X8.7 Solar Flare with the Goldstone-Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT)
Authors: Velusamy Thangasamy , Dorcey Ryan , Kreuser-Jenkins Nancy , Lamb Lisa Nichole , Pagano Erica , Anderson Marin M. , Lazio Joseph , Levin Steven 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Goldstone-Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) project conducts a regular monitoring program of the Sun. The GAVRT Solar Patrol project uses a 34 m diameter antenna to produce raster-scan maps of the Sun simultaneously at 4 frequencies ranging from approximately 3 to 14 GHz. On 2024 May 14, as part of regular GAVRT Solar Patrol observations, raster maps were produced when an X8.7 solar flare occurred in active region AR13664. Here we present the GAVRT maps of the May 14 flare along with microwave flux density spectra showing the non-thermal microwave burst emission from mildly relativistic electrons produced in this largest flare of Solar Cycle 25 to date. AR13664 reappeared as AR13697 and continued to be very active, producing X flares while GAVRT monitored its activity. GAVRT microwave data provide a powerful complement to the energetic electrons tracked by X-ray, millimeter-wave and γ-ray emissions.
Self-Care in Nursing Education
Authors: Kennel Kimberly D. , Barrett Trina , Smith Brown Jami , Tucker Janet 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The mental health of students and faculty has become a growing issue in academia. Faculty need to provide role-modeling early in nursing programs to enhance psychological well-being for future nurses that will have lasting effects throughout their careers.

Method:
A total of 29 faculty members participated in a descriptive study investigating types of self-care goals and how they could be achieved by College of Nursing faculty during their annual performance appraisal.

Results:
Seventy-three percent of respondents reported they anticipated that achieving these self-care goals would enhance their faculty role. Further, the respondents associated achievement of self-care goals as a way to improve their faculty performance.

Conclusion:

Since every individual has a unique perspective of the world, a self-care approach that works for one person might not work for another. Self-care goals should therefore be tailored to the unique needs and perspectives of each person.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(6):394–398.]
The Effects of Structured Mentorship and Onboarding of Novice Nursing Faculty
Authors: Lambert Kayla , Sanders Dorris Dana , Williams Amy 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The United States currently is experiencing a nursing faculty shortage that greatly affects the number of nurses entering professional practice. Nurse faculty transitioning from clinical practice to academia face challenges that may have negative effects on job satisfaction and feelings of competence. Despite barriers, quality nursing faculty are needed.

Method:
This quality improvement project evaluated the effects of an 8-week structured onboarding mentorship on novice nursing faculty's job satisfaction and feelings of competence. Novice faculty were paired with a mentor and completed weekly meetings and an online on-boarding curriculum based on National League for Nursing Nurse Educator Core Competencies. A pretest-posttest design assessed feelings of competence and job satisfaction before and after the 8-week intervention.

Results:
Findings indicated increased feelings of competence and no change in job satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Outcomes demonstrate how mentorship and structured orientation can positively benefit novice faculty's experiences and competence during their transition into academia.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(6):405–408.]
Catastrophe ou présage. Causes et pronostics des séismes dans le Japon du xviie siècle
Authors: Hayek Matthias 
Published: June 2024

Dans cet article, nous examinerons comment les tremblements de terre ont été expliqués et utilisés comme support de prédictions au Japon au xviie et au début du xviiie siècle. Durant cette période, qui correspond au premier tiers de l’époque dite d’Edo 江戸 (1603‑1868), les séismes sont présentés comme des phénomènes explicables par diverses théories. Celles-ci font aussi bien intervenir des principes « physiques » issus des cosmologies confucéenne, bouddhique, voire aristotélicienne, que des récits mythiques mettant en scène les dieux locaux. Par ailleurs, le séisme continue d’être présenté comme une forme de présage, et peut à ce titre servir de support à des techniques prédictives. En observant les croisements entre ces deux regards sismologiques, nous verrons comment la cosmologie se trouve liée à des considérations morales, et les phénomènes naturels aux destinées humaines.
Rhétorique philosophique et fondement de la dialectique
Authors: Renaud François 
Published: June 2024

Le commentaire du Gorgias de Platon par Olympiodore d’Alexandrie (av. 505-apr. 565) est le seul commentaire ancien du dialogue qui nous soit parvenu. Peu connu et négligé, ce texte présente pourtant un réel intérêt historique et herméneutique. Outre sa valeur pour notre compréhension du néoplatonisme tardif, l’interprétation d’Olympiodore est susceptible de renouveler à certains égards notre lecture du texte platonicien et d’alimenter le débat méthodologique actuel, qui remet de plus en plus en question certains présupposés herméneutiques dominants jusqu’il y a peu dans la recherche (notamment concernant la chronologie, la forme dialoguée et la dialectique). La présente étude se concentre sur deux thèses fondamentales du commentaire : d’une part, l’unité de la forme dramatique et du contenu doctrinal du dialogue, interprétée à la lumière du Phèdre et de la République, et d’autre part, le fondement de l’accord dialectique (à la fois dans sa teneur réfutative et maïeutique), à savoir les « notions communes (koinai ennoiai) ». La dernière section de cette étude identifie quelques mérites et quelques difficultés du recours au Phèdre et à la République ainsi qu’aux « notions communes ».
Unité et vérité de la « phantasia »chez Aristote
Authors: Stevens Annick 
Published: June 2024

L’article vise à montrer que l’unité des différentes fonctions attribuées par Aristote à la phantasia est assurée par la signification originelle du terme correspondant au verbe « apparaître », et que la diversité de ses fonctions et de ses valeurs de vérité dépend des circonstances de l’apparaître. La division principale doit se faire entre l’apparaître en présence de l’objet, qui concerne tous les passages où la phantasia est étroitement associée à la sensation, et l’apparaître en l’absence de l’objet, où la phantasia a lieu sans la sensation, qu’elle soit activée volontairement ou non. La relation de la phantasia à la vérité varie également en fonction du type de vérité pertinent dans chaque situation : vérité antéprédicative de la simple saisie, vérité propositionnelle comme adéquation au réel, vérité pratique ou encore absence de pertinence de la question de la vérité dans la fiction assumée comme telle. Est également mis en évidence le rôle crucial de la phantasia comme condition de la pensée et de l’action.
Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells Are Induced during Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Olivas Joanna , Nogueira Caterina , Helble Jennifer , Starnbach Michael N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection in both men and women. Immunity to C. trachomatis involves many cell types, but CD4+ T cells play a key role in protecting the host during natural infection. Specifically, IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells is the main effector responsible for bacterial clearance, yet the exact mechanism by which IFN-γ confers protection is poorly defined. In our efforts to define the specific mechanisms for bacterial clearance, we now show that IFN-γ upregulates expression of MHC class II (MHCII) on nonhematopoietic cells during C. trachomatis infection in vivo. We also find that MHCII expression on epithelial cells of the upper genital tract contributes to the efficient clearance of bacteria mediated by pathogen-specific CD4+ Th1 cells. As we further cataloged the protective mechanisms of C. trachomatis–specific CD4+ T cells, we found that the T cells also express granzyme B (GzmB) when coincubated with infected cells. In addition, during C. trachomatis infection of mice, primed activated-naive CD4+ Th1 cells displayed elevated granzyme transcripts (GzmA, GzmB, GzmM, GzmK, GzmC) compared with memory CD4+ T cells in vivo. Finally, using intracellular cytokine staining and a GzmB−/− mouse strain, we show that C. trachomatis–specific CD4+ Th1 cells express GzmB upon Ag stimulation, and that this correlates with Chlamydia clearance in vivo. Together these results have led us to conclude that Chlamydia-specific CD4+ Th1 cells develop cytotoxic capacity through engagement with nonhematopoietic MHCII, and this correlates to C. trachomatis clearance.
Obesity Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia via Upregulation of Prostaglandin E2 in Male, but Not Female, Mice
Authors: Entrup Gabrielle P , Unadkat Aayush , Warheit-Niemi Helen I , Thomas Brooke , Gurczynski Stephen J , Cui Yuxiao , Smith Andrew M , Gallagher Katherine A , Moore Bethany B , Singer Kanakadurga 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality during bacterial pneumonia. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and PGE2 have been shown to be upregulated in patients who are obese. In this study, we investigated the role of obesity and PGE2 in bacterial pneumonia and how inhibition of PGE2 improves antibacterial functions of macrophages. C57BL/6J male and female mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 wk. After this time, animals were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lung. In uninfected animals, alveolar macrophages were extracted for either RNA analysis or to be cultured ex vivo for functional analysis. HFD resulted in changes in immune cell numbers in both noninfected and infected animals. HFD animals had increased bacterial burden compared with ND animals; however, male HFD animals had higher bacterial burden compared with HFD females. Alveolar macrophages from HFD males had decreased ability to phagocytize and kill bacteria and were shown to have increased cyclooxygenase-2 and PGE2. Treating male, but not female, alveolar macrophages with PGE2 leads to increases in cAMP and decreased bacterial phagocytosis. Treatment with lumiracoxib-conjugated nanocarriers targeting alveolar macrophages improves bacterial phagocytosis and clearance in both ND and HFD male animals. Our study highlights that obesity leads to worse morbidity during bacterial pneumonia in male mice because of elevated PGE2. In addition, we uncover a sex difference in both obesity and infection, because females produce high basal PGE2 but because of a failure to signal via cAMP do not display impaired phagocytosis.
Impact of coagulopathy assessment with thromboelastography and thromboelastometry on transfusion requirements in critically ill cirrhosis with nonvariceal bleeding: A prospective observational study
Authors: Gopal Nimi , Panwar Shivali , Saluja Vandana , Garg Neha , Gupta Surbhi , Kumar Guresh , Maiwall Rakhi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Viscoelastic tests are now routinely used for coagulopathy correction in patients with cirrhosis. Thromboelastography (TEG®) and rotational thromboelastometry (RoTEM®) are the most widely studied tests in this population. However, they have not been compared with each other in critically ill patients with liver disease presenting with nonvariceal bleed. Hence, we aimed to compare these tests for coagulopathy correction in patients with liver disease presenting with nonvariceal bleeding.

Methods:
Sixty adult patients with liver cirrhosis presented to the liver intensive care unit, presenting with a nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed (diagnosed by doing upper GI endoscopy which revealed bleeding from a nonvariceal source) oral or nasal bleed were enrolled. The patients were allocated to the TEG® group (Group T) or RoTEM® group (Group R) depending on the immediate availability of the viscoelastic test. Coagulopathy correction was done in each group as per established protocols and the results were compared.

Results:
There was a significant difference in the fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion between the groups. The TEG® group received more FFP when compared to the RoTEM® group (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
RoTEM®-based coagulopathy correction leads to lesser use of blood products with similar control of bleeding when compared to TEG, in critically ill patients with cirrhosis.
Incidence of secondary bacterial infections and risk factors for in-hospital mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 subjects admitted to secondary care hospital: A single-center cross-sectional retrospective study
Authors: Sannathimmappa Mohan Bilikallahalli , Marimuthu Yamini , Al Subhi Shayma Mohsin Mohammed Said , Al Bathari Faiza Awaidhan Mohammed Bakhit , Al Balushi Mariya Ibrahim Ahmed , Al Ghammari Sara Ibrahim Rashid , Al-Risi Elham Said , Al-Maqbali Salima , Nambiar Vinod , Al-Shafaee Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study aims to determine the prevalence of secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) subjects and evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility. The study also sought to identify risk factors for the outcome of SBIs in COVID-19 subjects.

Methods:
This single-center cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out at Sohar Hospital in Oman. The study examined hospitalized COVID-19 subjects diagnosed with SBIs during March 2020–December 2022. The relevant subjects’ data were extracted from hospital electronic health records and analyzed using STATA version 14. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was employed for analyzing categorical variables, and P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.

Results:
The research encompassed a total of 817 bacteria recovered from various clinical samples of 421 subjects. The older individuals (39.4%) and men (65.6%) experienced bacterial infections more frequently, with bloodstream and respiratory infections being the most common. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were responsible for a higher proportion (85.6%) of infections, with Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common pathogens. Subjects who underwent mechanical ventilation, received corticosteroid therapy, and who had underlying comorbidities, such as diabetes and chronic renal disease, were found to have higher mortality rates. Neutrophilia, elevated C-reactive protein, lymphocytopenia, decreased serum albumin level, sepsis, and pneumonia were found to be independent contributors to mortality.

Conclusions:
SBI is common among COVID-19-hospitalized subjects. GNB were primarily linked to SBI. The severity and the likelihood of SBI increased in subjects undergoing medical interventions and immunosuppressive therapy.
Feasibility study of treatment of mixed astigmatism with small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) by using research software
Authors: Ganesh Sri , Brar Sheetal , Bose Shilpi , Shah Mamta Lakhana 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To report the preliminary experience and initial clinical results following SMILE for the treatment of mixed astigmatism.

Methods:
Thirteen eyes of nine patients with a mean age of 27 ± 4.36 years were included in the series. In 8/13 eyes, myopic SMILE license and in 4/13 eyes, hyperopic SMILE license (available as part of an open/research software) was used for the treatment. The mean follow-up was 9.5 ± 8.7 (0.5–24) months, and the median follow-up was 6 months.

Setting:
Nethradhama Superspeciality Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Design:
Exploratory study.

Results:
The mean preoperative sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent (SE) were 1.44 ± 1.63, −2.70 ± 2.30, and −0.24 ± 1.14 D, which changed to −0.03 ± 0.30, −0.28 ± 0.48, and −0.18 ± 0.49 D, respectively, 6 months postoperatively. Furthermore, 85% (11/13) eyes were within ± 0.50 D, 92% (12/13) eyes were within ± 1.00 D, while all eyes were within ± 1.50 D of SE correction. All eyes were within ± 1.00 D of cylinder correction. In addition, 92% (12/13) eyes had UDVA better than 20/32, with 54% (7/13) eyes having UDVA 20/20 or better. Safety and efficacy indices were 1.08 and 0.92, respectively. No eyes lost more than 1 line of CDVA. The mean corneal higher order aberrations (HOA) increased from 0.111 ± 0.048 to 0.209 ± 0.056 (P < 0.001). The mean objective scatter index (OSI) did not show a significant change (pre = 0.71 ± 0.69, 6 months = 0.89 ± 0.20; P = 0.35).

Conclusion:
Early experience showed that SMILE was feasible for the management of eyes with mixed astigmatism, without any intraoperative complications, unique to the procedure.