bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of VEGF-C-Induced Dural Lymphatic Vessel Growth on Ischemic Stroke Pathology
Authors: Keuters Meike Hedwig , Antila Salli , Immonen Riikka , Plotnikova Lidiia , Wojciechowski Sara , Lehtonen Sarka , Alitalo Kari , Koistinaho Jari , Dhungana Hiramani 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTimely relief of edema and clearance of waste products, as well as promotion of anti-inflammatory immune responses, reduce ischemic stroke pathology, and attenuate harmful long-term effects post-stroke. The discovery of an extensive and functional lymphatic vessel system in the outermost meningeal layer, dura mater, has opened up new possibilities to facilitate post-stroke recovery by inducing dural lymphatic vessel (dLV) growth via a single injection of a vector encoding vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). In the present study, we aimed to improve post-stroke outcomes by inducing dLV growth in mice. We injected mice with a single intracerebroventricular dose of adeno-associated viral particles encoding VEGF-C before subjecting them to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). Behavioral testing, Gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to define the impact of VEGF-C on the post-stroke outcome. VEGF-C improved stroke-induced behavioral deficits, such as gait disturbances and neurological deficits, ameliorated post-stroke inflammation, and enhanced an alternative glial immune response. Importantly, VEGF-C treatment increased the drainage of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as shown by Gd-enhanced MRI. These outcomes were closely associated with an increase in the growth of dLVs around the region where we observed increased vefgc mRNA expression within the brain, including the olfactory bulb, cortex, and cerebellum. Strikingly, VEGF-C-treated ischemic mice exhibited a faster and stronger Gd-signal accumulation in ischemic core area and an enhanced fluid outflow via the cribriform plate. In conclusion, the VEGF-C-induced dLV growth improved the overall outcome post-stroke, indicating that VEGF-C has potential to be included in the treatment strategies of post-ischemic stroke. However, to maximize the therapeutic potential of VEGF-C treatment, further studies on the impact of an enhanced dural lymphatic system at clinically relevant time points are essential.
Russian dilemma for global arctic science
Authors: Rees Gareth , Büntgen Ulf 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolar regions are critically implicated in our understanding of global climate change. This is particularly the case for the Arctic, where positive feedback loops and climate tipping points enhance complexity and urgency. Half of the Arctic and much of the world’s permafrost zone lie within Russian territory. Heightened geopolitical tensions, however, have severely damaged scientific collaboration between Russia and previously well established academic partners in western countries. Isolation is now causing increasingly large data gaps in arctic research that affect our ability to make accurate predictions of the impact of climate change on natural and societal systems at all scales from local to global. Here, we argue that options to resume both practical knowledge of collaborative working and flows of research data from Russia for global arctic science must continue to be asserted, despite an increasing tendency for the Arctic to become disconnected. Time is short, as preparations for the fifth International Polar Year begin to gather momentum. While sanctions remain in place, efforts to foster peer to peer connections and re-activate effective institutional cooperation are vital to address the grand challenges of global climate change.
Effects of Exercise on DNA Methylation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Etayo-Urtasun Paula , Sáez de Asteasu Mikel L. , Izquierdo Mikel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Regular exercise reduces chronic disease risk and extends a healthy lifespan, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. DNA methylation is implicated in this process, potentially altering gene expression without changing DNA sequence. However, previous findings appear partly contradictory.

Objective
This review aimed to elucidate exercise effects on DNA methylation patterns.

Methods
PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. All articles published up to November 2023 were considered for inclusion and assessed for eligibility using the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study) framework. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the impact of exercise interventions on DNA methylation in previously inactive adults were included. We evaluated the methodological quality of trials using the PEDro scale.

Results
A total of 852 results were identified, of which 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 827 subjects were included in the studies. Intervention lengths varied from 6 weeks to 12 months. Most trials indicated that exercise interventions can significantly alter the DNA methylation of specific genes and global DNA methylation patterns.

Conclusions
The heterogeneity of results may arise from differences in participant demographics, intervention factors, measurement techniques, and the genomic contexts examined. Future research should analyze the influences of activity type, intensity, and duration, as well as the physical fitness outcomes on DNA methylation. Characterizing such dose–response relationships and identifying genes responsive to exercise are crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms of exercise, unlocking its full potential for disease prevention and treatment.
A Practical Computer Aided Diagnosis System for Breast Ultrasound Classifying Lesions into the ACR BI-RADS Assessment
Authors: Su Hsin-Ya , Lien Chung-Yueh , Huang Pai-Jung , Chu Woei-Chyn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In this paper, we propose an open-source deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis system for breast ultrasound images based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS).

Methods
Our dataset with 8,026 region-of-interest images preprocessed with ten times data augmentation. We compared the classification performance of VGG-16, ResNet-50, and DenseNet-121 and two ensemble methods integrated the single models.

Results
The ensemble model achieved the best performance, with 81.8% accuracy. Our results show that our model is performant enough to classify Category 2 and Category 4/5 lesions, and data augmentation can improve the classification performance of Category 3.

Conclusion
Our main contribution is to classify breast ultrasound lesions into BI-RADS assessment classes that place more emphasis on adhering to the BI-RADS medical suggestions including recommending routine follow-up tracing (Category 2), short-term follow-up tracing (Category 3) and biopsies (Category 4/5).
“It's Kind of My Job to Post Perfect Stuff, But Kind of Not “ – How Influencers with Borderline Personality Organisation Become Activists for a Salutogenic Personal Recovery in the Instagram Stories
Authors: Beckmann Julia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines the communication strategies of individuals with Borderline Personality Organisation (BPO) using Instagram stories, a platform commonly used by this population. BPO, the most common personality disorder in clinical settings, results from childhood neglect and abuse and for example leads to problems with emotion regulation, relationship maintenance and identity stability. This study takes a psychoanalytic perspective and analyses Instagram stories to understand how individuals with BPO communicate their lives with this disorder and how Instagram co-constitutes this communication. Using sociological-hermeneutic video analysis and grounded theory methodology, the study breaks down Instagram stories into formal and content dimensions and uncovers conflicts between the communicated content and the technological functions of Instagram in order to hypothesise about incorporated conflicts of the influencers. This provides access to their dialectical mediation between inner experience and external conditions which is disturbed in people with BPO. The study is only the second to examine the personal recovery process of people with BPO through narratives on a social media platform. It builds on previous research by providing a detailed description of the stages of recovery, describing the intertwining nature of recovery dimensions, and identifying a communicated meaning of life. The study addresses the affective turn in a salutogenic way and offers insights into how Instagram as a medium can symbolise societal pathogenic structures and at the same time be used by protagonists to develop a salutogenic attitude towards mental health.
Scattered M3–4 Slip Bursts Within Creep Events on the San Andreas Fault
Authors: Gittins Daniel B. , Hawthorne Jessica C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScientists have observed the surface expression of creep events along the San Andreas Fault since the 1960s. However, the evolution of slip at depth has been examined relatively little. So here we probe that deep slip by analyzing strain observations just before and during hours‐ to day‐long creep events at the northern end of the creeping section of the San Andreas Fault. We identify 71 strain offsets that are likely produced by few‐hour bursts of slip at depth. Then, we grid search to determine the location, depth, and magnitude of these slip bursts. We find that the slip bursts occur at a range of along‐strike locations, from 0 to 7 km away from the surface slip observations. Slip occurs at depths from 0 to 10 km; 42%–55% of the bursts are likely below 4 km depth. The bursts typically have moments equivalent to Mw 3.2–4.1 earthquakes. These findings suggest that creep events are not just small shallow events; they are relatively large events that nucleate at significant depths and could play a prominent role in the slip dynamics of the creeping section.
Variations of Whole–Adria Microplate Motion During the Interseismic Phase Preceding the MW 6.3, 6 April 2009 L’Aquila (Italy) Earthquake
Authors: Iaffaldano Giampiero , Kalum William K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTectonic plate motions feed the earthquake cycle—a process whereby stress along crustal faults slowly increases over decade– or century–long periods, to then suddenly drop during earthquakes. Steadiness of plate motions during such cycles has long been a central tenet in models of earthquake genesis and of faults seismic potential, and can be tested against measurements of contemporary plate motions available from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Here we present analyses of GNSS data from Central and Northern Italy that illuminate the motion of the Adria microplate over a period of 6 years preceding the MW 6.3, 6 April 2009 L’Aquila (Italy) earthquake. We show that the motion of the whole Adria microplate changed before the 2009 earthquake, and slowed down by around 20%. We demonstrate with quantitative models that the torque required upon Adria in order to drive such a kinematic change is consistent with what is imparted to Adria by temporal stress variations occurring during the late interseismic phase of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake cycle. The inference that plate motions can be influenced by, and thus sensitive to, earthquake cycles offers an additional perspective to assessing the seismic potential of tectonic margins.
Deciphering the Ages of Saline Water in the Baltic Sea by Anthropogenic Radiotracers
Authors: Lin Mu , Qiao Jixin , Hou Xiaolin , She Jun , Murawski Jens 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe slow water renewal endows the Baltic Sea a strong retention of pollutants/nutrients. Constraining water age is a practical way to depict the transport timescales for water masses and accompanying soluble substances. Although the water ages in the Baltic Sea have been resolved by 3D ocean models 20 year ago, the simulated results have not been verified. In this work, we exploited two anthropogenic radionuclides (129I and 236U) to constrain the ages of inflowing North Sea saline waters into the Baltic Sea by using the Tracer Age and Transit Time Distribution approaches. Our results indicate that the Baltic Sea has a highly stratified structure with a more diffusive bottom circulation and a more advective surface circulation. The circulation timescale for the saline water in the Baltic Sea was estimated to be >30 years from the bottom of Arkona Basin to the surface of central Baltic Sea. This work demonstrates the power of anthropogenic radiotracers in investigating circulation timescale and mixing processes in the Baltic Sea and provides the first observation‐based proof for the multi‐decadal retention of (radioactive) pollutants within the Baltic Sea.
Unraveling the Role of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation in Recent Tropical Expansion via Large‐Ensemble Simulations
Authors: Wu Mingna , Zhou Tianjun , Li Chao , Wu Bo , Jiang Jie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObservational evidence has shown that the Earth's tropics have widened since 1980. However, climate models underestimate the observed tropical expansion rate, with a large spread among individual models. The proposal of internal variability to account for model–observation differences is hindered by the limited availability of sufficient realizations from models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), restricting the accuracy of quantitative contribution estimation. The emergence of a single model initial‐condition large ensemble provides a new opportunity to quantify the role of internal variability. Here, using large‐ensemble simulations from two individual models complemented with CMIP Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations, we show evidence that the recent widening of the tropics is mainly caused by internal variability related to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). The positive‐to‐negative phase transition of the IPO from 1980 to 2014 reduced the meridional tropospheric temperature gradient, resulting in poleward shifts in tropical edges. After adjusting the IPO trends simulated by individual realizations to ensure consistency with the observations, the IPO phase transition can account for at least 73% (66%) of the observed tropical expansion rate in the Northern Hemisphere based on the metric of the meridional stream function (surface zonal wind). The IPO is also essential for shaping tropical expansion‐related precipitation changes. Our results underscore the significance of considering internal variability when explaining model–observation differences and understanding intermodel uncertainty.
Distinguishing Density and Wind Perturbations in the Equatorial Thermosphere Anomaly
Authors: Buynovskiy A. , Thayer J. P. , Sutton E. K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the equatorial thermosphere anomaly (ETA) is investigated using accelerometer measurements to determine whether the feature is density‐dominated, wind‐dominated, or some combination of the two. An ascending‐descending accelerometry (ADA) technique is introduced to address the density‐wind ambiguity that appears when interpreting the ETA in atmospheric drag acceleration analyses. This technique separates ascending and descending acceleration measurements to determine if a wind's directionality influences the interpretation of the observed ETA feature. The ADA technique is applied to accelerometer measurements taken from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload mission and has revealed that the ETA is primarily density‐dominated from 9:00 to 16:00 local time (LT) near 400 km altitude, with the acceleration perturbations behaving similarly between 2003 and 2004 across all seasons. This finding suggests that the perturbations in the acceleration due to in‐track wind perturbations are small compared to the perturbations due to mass density, while indicating that the formation mechanisms across these local times are similar and persistent. The results also revealed that in the terminator region at 18:00 LT the acceleration perturbations deviate appreciably between ascending and descending passes, indicating different or multiple processes occurring at this local time compared to the 9:00–16:00 LT ascribed to the ETA. These results help constrain ETA formation theories to specific local times and thermospheric property responses without the use of supplemental wind measurements, while also indicating regions where in‐track winds cannot always be neglected.
Estimation of Ionospheric Field‐Aligned Currents Using SuperDARN Radar and DMSP Observations
Authors: Qu B. H. , Lu J. Y. , Wang Z. W. , Liu J. J. , Wang M. , Li J. Y. , Zhang H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStudies commonly assumed that variations in ionospheric conductance were insignificant and proposed that vorticities can be a reliable proxy or diagnostic for ionospheric field‐aligned currents (FACs). We propose a complete method for measuring FACs using data from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radar and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. In our method, the FACs are determined by three terms. The first term is referred to as magnetospheric‐origin FACs, while the second and third terms are known as ionospheric‐origin FACs. This method incorporates height‐integrated conductances based on observational data, thereby addressing the limitation of assuming uniform conductances. Different from previous works, we can calculate FACs at a low altitude of 250 km and obtain high‐resolution measurements within observable areas. Another advantage of this method lies in its ability to directly calculate and analyze the impact of ionospheric vorticity and conductance on FACs. We apply this method to obtain FACs in the Northern Hemisphere from 2010 to 2016 and analyze the distributions of height‐integrated conductances and total FACs. Our analysis reveals that the average FACs clearly exhibit the large‐scale R1 and R2 FAC systems. We conduct statistical analysis on magnetospheric‐origin FACs and ionospheric‐origin FACs. Our findings show that within the auroral oval, ionospheric‐origin FACs reach a comparable level to magnetospheric‐origin FACs. However, ionospheric‐origin FACs are significantly minor and almost negligible in other regions. This implies that height‐integrated conductance gradients and vorticities play equally significant roles within the auroral oval, whereas vorticities dominate in other regions.
MicroRNAs: circulating biomarkers for the early detection of imperceptible cancers via biosensor and machine-learning advances
Authors: Metcalf Gavin A. D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review explores the topic of microRNAs (miRNAs) for improved early detection of imperceptible cancers, with potential to advance precision medicine and improve patient outcomes. Historical research exploring miRNA’s role in cancer detection collectively revealed initial hurdles in identifying specific miRNA signatures for early-stage and difficult-to-detect cancers. Early studies faced challenges in establishing robust biomarker panels and overcoming the heterogeneity of cancer types. Despite this, recent developments have supported the potential of miRNAs as sensitive and specific biomarkers for early cancer detection as well as having demonstrated remarkable potential as diagnostic tools for imperceptible cancers, such as those with elusive symptoms or challenging diagnostic criteria. This review discusses the advent of high-throughput technologies that have enabled comprehensive detection and profiling of unique miRNA signatures associated with early-stage cancers. Furthermore, advancements in bioinformatics and machine-learning techniques are considered, exploring the integration of multi-omics data which have potential to enhance both the accuracy and reliability of miRNA-based cancer detection assays. Finally, perspectives on the continuing development on technologies as well as discussion around challenges that remain, such as the need for standardised protocols and addressing the complex interplay of miRNAs in cancer biology are conferred.
Optimising the use of electronic medical records for large scale research in psychiatry
Authors: Newby Danielle , Taylor Niall , Joyce Dan W. , Winchester Laura M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe explosion and abundance of digital data could facilitate large-scale research for psychiatry and mental health. Research using so-called “real world data”—such as electronic medical/health records—can be resource-efficient, facilitate rapid hypothesis generation and testing, complement existing evidence (e.g. from trials and evidence-synthesis) and may enable a route to translate evidence into clinically effective, outcomes-driven care for patient populations that may be under-represented. However, the interpretation and processing of real-world data sources is complex because the clinically important ‘signal’ is often contained in both structured and unstructured (narrative or “free-text”) data. Techniques for extracting meaningful information (signal) from unstructured text exist and have advanced the re-use of routinely collected clinical data, but these techniques require cautious evaluation. In this paper, we survey the opportunities, risks and progress made in the use of electronic medical record (real-world) data for psychiatric research.
PGC-1α repression dysregulates lipid metabolism and induces lipid droplet accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Zhou Shuyan , Taskintuna Kaan , Hum Jacob , Gulati Jasmine , Olaya Stephanie , Steinman Jeremy , Golestaneh Nady 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDrusen, the yellow deposits under the retina, are composed of lipids and proteins, and represent a hallmark of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Lipid droplets are also reported in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from AMD donor eyes. However, the mechanisms underlying these disease phenotypes remain elusive. Previously, we showed that Pgc-1α repression, combined with a high-fat diet (HFD), induce drastic AMD-like phenotypes in mice. We also reported increased PGC-1α acetylation and subsequent deactivation in the RPE derived from AMD donor eyes. Here, through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which PGC-1α repression could influence RPE and retinal function. We show that PGC-1α plays an important role in RPE and retinal lipid metabolism and function. In mice, repression of Pgc-1α alone induced RPE and retinal degeneration and drusen-like deposits. In vitro inhibition of PGC1A by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human RPE (ARPE19- PGC1A KO) affected the expression of genes responsible for lipid metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), fatty acid transport, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, cholesterol esterification, cholesterol biosynthesis, and cholesterol efflux. Moreover, inhibition of PGC1A in RPE cells caused lipid droplet accumulation and lipid peroxidation. ARPE19-PGC1A KO cells also showed reduced mitochondrial biosynthesis, impaired mitochondrial dynamics and activity, reduced antioxidant enzymes, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, loss of cardiolipin, and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. Our data demonstrate the crucial role of PGC-1α in regulating lipid metabolism. They provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in lipid and drusen accumulation in the RPE and retina during aging and AMD, which may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting PGC-1α.