bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying Integrated Fracturing Technology For Unit To Achieve Efficient Development Of Low Permeability And Complex Lithologic Reservoir
Authors: Liu Changyu , Xu Jianguo , Long Zengwei , Cong Lichun , Su Guo , Chen Kai , Li Biansheng , Li Zhanwei 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Nearly a hundred million tons of reserve was found in Jilin Daqingzi oilfield, dominated in lithologic deposit of multiple fault blocks of delta front. Many layers were characterized with features as below, fractured reservoir, sensitive formation with high shale content, different main layers in different blocks, low permeability, thin layers and sheds which were less than 2 meters thick. Aiming at the characteristics of layers above, this paper presents Integrated Fracturing Technology for Unit(I.F.T.U) which has been researched, developed and proved to be effective during production.The thought of this technology was founded on the basis of adequately knowing about geologic tectonic situation and layers. The units were plotted out according to the layers characteristics, to achieve optimized fractures matching with the well patterns and reservoirs based on the injection wells, in order to build up maximum effective injection recovery relationship. A series of assorted technologies have been researched, such as Finite Element Method to optimize fracturing design, fracture azimuth measurement of the thin layers in complex fault blocks, researching how layers extend vertically, low damage fracturing fluids, and the method of enhancing the flow ability in fractured thin layers.
Integrated Fracturing Technology for Unit has been applied for more than 1000 layers in Daqingzi oilfield since 2006, 42.85 million tons of low permeability reserves were developed.0.99 million tons deliverability has been set up.Annual production has reached 1.0 million tons.
This novel technology realized that thin lithologic layers which were less than 2 meters were developed effectively.
Integrated Fracturing Technology for Unit presented in this paper provides reference for the development of such thin and low permeability layers as Daqingzi oilfield.
The Study and Application of SDC-I Formation Pressure and Temperature Tester While Drilling
Authors: Zhao Zhixue , Han Yu’an , Yang Juesuan , Yu Chenglong , Jiang Meizhi , Wang Hongying 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
SDC-I formation pressure and temperature tester while drilling can measure formation pressure, annulus pressure, and annulus temperature while drilling, and then transmit the measured data to the surface by drilling fluid pulse.
This tester has been applied in 14 wells in Daqing oil field and achieved good results.
The accurate data measured by this tester can calculate formation mobility, which provides an effective method for managed pressure drilling and geologic reservoir evaluation.
This paper analyzes the principles and structure of formation pressure and temperature tester while drilling, which can provide the first-hand information for similar tools.
A New Fracturing Fluid of Low Concentration
Authors: Jianshe Guo , Zhou Bo , Xia Ao , Lu Hongjie , Li Zijun 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Polymer fracturing fluid gel after fracturing operation, residue remains in the fracture and side of fracture with causing reservoir damage, the decreased polymer concentration can reduce the damage, but will reduce viscoelastic behavior of the fracturing fluid gel as a result of proppant settlement problems. Therefore, to research on fracturing fluid of low concentration polymer with carrying sand has practical significance. We have synthesized thickening agent of fracturing fluid of low concentration polymer through chemical method, optimized cross-linking agent and gel breaker with experimental method, and evaluated general technical performance of the fracturing fluid of low concentration with resisted temperature and shearing and rheological property. The experimental results show that fracturing fluid of low concentration polymer of 0.24% can still meet the requirements of fracturing with carrying-sand, 50°C-120°C of reservoir temperature conditions of high temperature and shearing performance, and residue content of the gel broken is greatly reduced, less the reservoir damage, core permeability and damage rate of less than 18%, which is low damage fracturing fluid with environmental protection. Field application in 47wells show that the single well is average well fluid of 184m3, average gravel input of 33.3m3, average sand ratio of 28.7%, average maximum pump pressure of 36.6MPa, operation success ratio and technology effective rate of more than 90%.The application result indicates that the fracturing effect is 2.5 times that of guar gum fracturing fluid, and can effectively reduce the integrated water content of reservoir. Fracturing fluid of low concentration polymer with low damage characteristics is beneficial to reservoir protection, and provides reference for low damage fracturing of other types of reservoir.
Case History of the First TAML Level 5 Junction on a Rod-Pump Well
Authors: Ma Qingming , Zhonghua Wu , Rayne Lance , Fould Jeremie , O’Rourke Tim , Hai Long Wang , Lee Junn Shyong , Ritchie William 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The oil industry uses multilaterals for many reasons; lower cost, smaller footprint, environmental issues, and an increase in reservoir contact to an increase reservoir production. This paper presents a case study of a TAML Level 5 multilateral junction installed in one of China's largest oil fields. What is unique about this installation is the mechanism and completion used to lift the oil to surface. This is the first time a TAML Level 5 junction and a pumpjack have been paired for lifting production. In the past, it was believed that multilateral junctions in this type of environment were not cost effective. The paper will discuss the TAML definitions, and in particular, the well conditions that led to the selection of the Level 5 junction. Installing a multilateral junction involves multiple processes that are addressed in the planning and implementation process, including reservoir selection, drilling, and completion of the well. These processes also led to the selection of the proper multilateral system to achieve the objectives for the well. This paper also covers some of the planned decisions that needed to be altered due to unpredicted well conditions. The successful installation and completion obtained from this well show that a Level 5 junction can be a successful option for a more diverse range of applications than previously thought; even on a well that uses a traditional rod pump for production.
Perforation Drilling and an Innovative Spudcan for Mitigating Punch- Through in Multilayered Soils
Authors: Hossain M. S. , S. Safinus 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Spudcan foundations for mobile drilling rigs continue to exhibit a high failure rate in the offshore oil and gas industry. The more frequent use of larger jack-ups in highly stratified regions, such as the Sunda Shelf in Southeast Asia, contributes to this concerning increase in ‘punch-through’ incidents, which can lead to buckling of the leg or even toppling of the rig. This paper reports measures for mitigating spudcan punch-through in multilayered soils. Centrifuge model tests were carried out on spudcan foundations penetrating through multilayered soils with interbedded stronger layers.The model tests included half- spudcan tests against a transparent window, allowing visualization of the soil flow, and full-spudcan tests to measure penetration resistance. The soil conditions tested simulatedoffshore strength profilesthat have reported punch-through failures, such as on the Sunda Shelf in Southeast Asia, Gulf of Thailand, South China Sea, offshore Australia and the Arabian Gulf. An experimental method for ‘drilling’ sites in the enhanced gravity environment was developed. An innovative spudcan was developed to integrate directly to a jack-up rig to be used where there is a potential for punch-through hazard. The experimental results show that for layered clay deposits, potential of severe punch-through failure can be eliminated by means of perforation drilling or using an innovative spudcan. For sand-over-clay sediments, using skirted foundations or the innovative spudcan allowed for eliminating the likelihood of failure. The results also show that spudcan-footprint interaction issues for reinstallation of a rig can also be mitigated through perforation around the spudcan periphery.
The role of phenols in the influence of herbal extracts from Salvia officinalis L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. on two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch
Authors: Tomczyk Anna , Suszko Magdalena 
Published: July 2012

The role of phenols in the influence of herbal extracts from Salvia officinalis L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. on two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch
Extracts prepared from 2 medicinal herbs (common sage Salvia officinalis L. and German chamomile Matricaria chamomilla L.) were used in this study for biological control of spider mites. Their effect on mortality, fecundity, and development of Tetranychus urticae Koch on English ivy (Hedera helix L.) was studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The extracts were prepared by soaking fresh Salvia leaves or dry Matricaria flowers in ethanol for 24 h, followed by evaporation, and finally suspension of the pellets in water. Full extracts and extracts without phenols were tested. The Salvia extracts had a higher acaricidal activity than Matricaria extracts, but the toxicity of both extracts to spider mite eggs was low. The toxic effect of full Salvia extracts on larval stages and females of T. urticae was evident. More than 50% of larvae and females were killed by this treatment in 4 days. Besides, total fecundity of survived females was evidently lower. Mortality and low fecundity after full Salvia extract application decreased the spider mite population by 76%. The toxicity of Salvia extracts after removal of phenols strongly declined, so the negative effect of the full Salvia extract on spider mites was connected with a high concentration of phenolic compounds. The toxic effect of Matricaria extracts in all tests was much lower and no evident role of phenolic compounds in its extracts was observed.
Rate of corrosion of waterwalls in supercritical pulverised fuel boilers
Authors: Pronobis Marek , Litka Rafał 
Published: July 2012

Rate of corrosion of waterwalls in supercritical pulverised fuel boilers
This paper presents an analysis of the corrosion hazard in the burner belt area of waterwalls in pulverised fuel (PF) boilers that results from low-NOx combustion. Temperature distributions along the waterwall tubes in subcritical (denoted as SUB) and supercritical (SUP) boilers were calculated and compared. Two hypothetical distributions of CO concentrations were assumed in the near-wall layer of the flue gas in the boiler furnace, and the kinetics of the waterwall corrosion were analysed as a function of the local temperature of the tubes. The predicted rate of corrosion of the boiler furnace waterwalls in the supercritical boilers was compared with that of in the subcritical boilers.
Food of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Obuch Ján , Benda Petr 
Published: July 2012

Food of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in the Eastern Mediterranean
The composition of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) diet analysed from pellets collected in several regions of the Eastern Mediterranean is presented. In total, 27 samples from 21 sites in S Italy, S Greece (incl. Crete), S Turkey, NW Syria, SW Lebanon, N Israel, and N Egypt were composed of 8842 prey individuals. Mammals represented the dominant part of the prey (90% of the identified prey individuals, comprising 44 species). Birds were less abundant (7%), however, their diversity was enormous (64 species). Amphibians and reptiles were rarely represented in the diet (0.9%), while invertebrates we found more often (2.2%). The relative abundance of particular prey items in the Barn Owl diet was analysed in four geographical regions: (a) SE Europe (Calabria, Peloponnese, Crete), (b) Levantine parts of Turkey and Syria, (c) Lebanon and N Israel, and (d) N Egypt. In complex evaluation of the sample set, endemic forms composed a special group of prey items: Microtus savii, Sorex samniticus, and Talpa romana in Calabria; Microtus thomasi in Peloponnese; Acomys minous in Crete; and Gerbillus amoenus in Egypt. Another group of prey is represented by typical Levantine species: Microtus guentheri, Meriones tristrami, Apodemus mystacinus, and Rana ridibunda. Apodemus flavicollis and Crocidura leucodon were more abundant in Calabria while less abundant in the Levant. Synanthropic mammals (Mus spp., Rattus rattus, Suncus etruscus, Crocidura suaveolens) and birds (Passer domesticus) represented a significant part of the diet in the majority of the studied area.
Bibliography on birds of prey and owls in Slovakia. Part 2. Order Accipitriformes, genera Pernis, Milvus, Neophron, Gyps, Aegypius, Circaetus, Circus, Accipiter, Buteo & Pandion
Authors: Uhrin Marcel , Danko Štefan , Latková Hana 
Published: July 2012

Bibliography on birds of prey and owls in Slovakia. Part 2. Order Accipitriformes, genera Pernis, Milvus, Neophron, Gyps, Aegypius, Circaetus, Circus, Accipiter, Buteo & Pandion
The aim of the bibliography is to provide a list of publications on raptors and owls of Slovakia. The first part focused on genera Aquila, Hieraaetus and Haliaeetus, is followed now by second part focused on genera Pernis, Milvus, Neophron, Gyps, Aegypius, Circaetus, Circus, Accipiter, Buteo and Pandion. In total 219 citations are listed - 139 (63.5%) scientific and research articles, 56 (25.6%) popular articles, 5 (2.3%) qualification papers, 8 (3.7%) conference abstracts and 11 (5.0%) reports or other papers. The register of species, objective index and the author register enable better overview.
Film and Book Reviews
Authors: Nguyen Nick , Beaty Bart , Lefèvre Pascal 
Published: July 2012

FILM REVIEWSThe Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (20ıı), directed by Steven Spielberg, produced by Peter Jackson, screenplay by Stephen Moffat, Joe Cornish and Edgar Wright. Based on Hergé’s Aventures de TintinBOOK REVIEWSHarry Morgan and Manuel Hirtz, Les Apocalypses de Jack Kirby Jacques Samson and Benoît Peeters, Chris Ware: La Bande dessinée réinventée Renaud Chavanne, Composition de la bande dessinée
Beyond Newspapers: News Consumption among Young People in the Digital Era
Authors: Casero-Ripollés Andreu 
Published: July 2012

News consumption is undergoing great changes due to the advance of digitisation. In this context, ascertaining the changes in readers’ consumption habits is essential for measuring the scope and effects of digital convergence and the outlook for the future. This article aims to analyse this transformation in the specific case of young people’s relationship with news reporting. The methodology is based on a quantitative survey of people aged between 16 and 30 (N=549) in order to examine their consumer habits and perceptions. The results show the emergence of social networks as a news medium and the decline of traditional media, and newspapers in particular. However, we observed a high level of interest in news stories and their positive valuation in civic terms on the part of young people. These data also reveal the obvious appeal of cost-free content. Finally, the results highlight the gender gap with men as the greater news consumers, and the impact of age, with news consumption increasing as young people mature. The conclusions of this research suggest that profound changes are emerging in news consumption patterns and the concept of news among young people.El consumo de noticias está inmerso en un proceso de grandes mutaciones debido al avance de la digitalización. En este contexto, conocer los cambios en los hábitos de consumo de la audiencia es fundamental para calibrar el alcance y los efectos de la convergencia digital y sus perspectivas de futuro. Este artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis de esta transformación en un caso concreto: la relación de los jóvenes con la información periodística. Partiendo de una encuesta cuantitativa a personas de entre 16 y 30 años (N=549) se examinan sus hábitos de consumo y sus percepciones. Los resultados muestran la emergencia de las redes sociales como soporte informativo y el desgaste de los medios convencionales, especialmente de los diarios. No obstante, se detecta un interés elevado de los jóvenes hacia las noticias y una valoración positiva de las mismas en términos cívicos. Los datos revelan, además, el arraigo de la gratuidad. Finalmente, se constata la existencia de una brecha de género en el consumo informativo, a favor de los hombres, y la incidencia del efecto de la edad, que provoca un aumento del acceso a las noticias a medida que los jóvenes van madurando. Las conclusiones de la investigación sugieren la aparición de cambios profundos en los patrones de consumo y en la concepción de la información por parte del público joven.
La politique de l’emploi dans les écrits politiques de Keynes (1930-1939)
Authors: Rivot Sylvie 
Published: July 2012

Cet article analyse la politique de l’emploi préconisée par Keynes durant les années trente, à partir d’une lecture de ses écrits politiques. Nous montrons tout d’abord le rôle exact d’un programme de travaux publics, à savoir de coordonner l’initiative privée afin de modifier le pessimisme des entrepreneurs. Les travaux publics constituent donc une politique anti-déflationniste de lutte contre le chômage involontaire. En revanche, en 1937-1939, malgré un taux de chômage de 12 %, Keynes s’oppose à une politique de relance globale, du fait des risques d’« inflation absolue ». Car le chômage résulte alors en grande partie des rigidités sur le marché du travail. Le concept de chômage volontaire, élaboré dans la Théorie générale, est donc d’une grande pertinence pour comprendre la politique de l’emploi préconisée par Keynes. Finalement, cette étude montre la forte cohérence des prises de position pratiques de Keynes avec l’analyse théorique développée dans la Théorie générale, même si ses positions peuvent à première vue nous surprendre. Elle permet également de jeter un regard critique sur les politiques dites keynésiennes d’après-guerre.
Effets redistributifs d’un régime d’allocation universelle : une simulation pour le Québec
Authors: Araar Abdelkrim , Duclos Jean-Yves , Blais François 
Published: July 2012

Nous simulons l’impact redistributif de trois scénarios d’instauration d’une allocation universelle (AU). Les simulations se font en maintenantconstantlesolde budgétaire conjointdes gouvernements provincial et fédéral. Un premier scénario B suppose qu’un ensemble de programmes sociaux et de dispositions fiscales est éliminé pour être subséquemment remplacé par une AU qui ne modifie toutefois pas les taux marginaux de la fiscalité des revenus des particuliers (FRP). Cet ensemble inclut la plupart des crédits d’impôt à l’égard des besoins essentiels et du soutien à la famille ainsi que d’autres paramètres du système fiscal et de transferts dont nous jugeons que l’abolition pourrait universaliser et simplifier le système de transferts et la fiscalité. Un deuxième scénario C modifie en plus les taux marginaux explicites de la FRP de façon à réduire certains des effets pervers de l’élimination de ces programmes. Un troisième scénario D élimine aussi la sécurité du revenu et l’assurance-emploi de manière à rendre le régime d’AU plus généreux, et modifie également les taux marginaux explicites de la FRP.Le niveau de vie varie de manière importante selon les scénarios. Les plus affectées sont les familles monoparentales, qui enregistrent une baisse de 7,17 % dans le scénario B, mais une hausse de 3,3 % et 12,6 % respectivement dans les scénarios C et D. Les personnes vivant seules subissent des baisses de revenu moyen dans les trois scénarios. Les couples avec enfants sortent généralement gagnants peu importe les scénarios alors que les couples sans enfants ne subissent en moyenne que peu d’impact redistributif. Les personnes âgées sortent perdantes en moyenne du scénario C, mais gagnantes du scénario D, dans lequel leur niveau d’AU est redressé pour leur épargner les effets de la hausse des taux marginaux d’imposition.Le scénario B augmente la pauvreté ; le scénario C la réduit pour les familles avec enfants et pour les couples sans enfants, mais l’augmente néanmoins au niveau de toute la population ; le scénario D diminue la pauvreté dans toute la population et ne l’augmente que chez les personnes seules (et très légèrement pour les personnes âgées). L’inégalité quant à elle augmente de manière importante dans le scénario B, diminue très légèrement pour C et diminue de manière sensible pour le scénario D. La redistribution effectuée par un régime d’AU peut atteindre jusqu’à 2 % du revenu total. Finalement, les taux marginaux implicites d’imposition sont considérablement égalisés par les scénarios d’AU retenus ici, quels qu’ils soient.
Graphene‐Like Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Improved Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Niu Ping , Zhang Lili , Liu Gang , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: July 2012

Abstract“Graphitic” (g)‐C3N4 with a layered structure has the potential of forming graphene‐like nanosheets with unusual physicochemical properties due to weak van der Waals forces between layers. Herein is shown that g‐C3N4 nanosheets with a thickness of around 2 nm can be easily obtained by a simple top‐down strategy, namely, thermal oxidation etching of bulk g‐C3N4 in air. Compared to the bulk g‐C3N4, the highly anisotropic 2D‐nanosheets possess a high specific surface area of 306 m2 g−1, a larger bandgap (by 0.2 eV), improved electron transport ability along the in‐plane direction, and increased lifetime of photoexcited charge carriers because of the quantum confinement effect. As a consequence, the photocatalytic activities of g‐C3N4 nanosheets have been remarkably improved in terms of •OH radical generation and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Increased Work Function in Few‐Layer Graphene Sheets via Metal Chloride Doping
Authors: Kwon Ki Chang , Choi Kyoung Soon , Kim Soo Young 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA chemical approach to controlling the work function of few‐layer graphene is investigated. Graphene films are synthesized on Cu foil by chemical vapor deposition. Six metal chlorides, AuCl3, IrCl3, MoCl3, OsCl3, PdCl2, and RhCl3, are used as dopants. The sheet resistance of the doped graphene decreases from 1100 Ω/sq to ≈500–700 Ω/sq and its transmittance at 550 nm also decreases from 96.7% to 93% for 20 mM AuCl3 due to the formation of metal particles. The sheet resistance and transmittance are reduced with increasing metal chloride concentration. The G peak in the Raman spectra is shifted to a higher wavenumber after metal chloride doping, which indicates a charge transfer from graphene to metal ions. The intensity ratio of ICC/IC−C increases with doping, indicating an electron transfer from graphene sheets to metal ions. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy data shows that the work function of graphene increases from 4.2 eV to 5.0, 4.9, 4.8, 4.68, 5.0, and 5.14 eV for the graphene with 20 mM AuCl3, IrCl3, MoCl3, OsCl3, PdCl2, and RhCl3, respectively. It is considered that spontaneous charge transfer occurs from the specific energy level of graphene to the metal ions, thus increasing the work function.