bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nerve sparing‐distally based sural flap
Authors: Aydin Osman E. , Tan Onder , Kuduban Selma D. , Barin Ensar Z. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe management of soft‐tissue defects in the ankle and foot area is a challenging task. Distally based sural flap is widely used, however it leaves donor area paresthesia. For this purpose, the sural nerve was dissected and preserved in the distally based sural flap in five cases of ankle and foot soft tissue reconstruction. This modification did not cause any compromise in flap circulation. All flaps survived with one partial distal necrosis. We suggest that, the distally based nerve sparing sural flap can be securely elevated with only a 3–4 cm wide subcutaneous pedicle without any compromise in flap circulation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
High‐pressure treatment reduces the immunoreactivity of the major allergens in apple and celeriac
Authors: Husband Fiona A. , Aldick Thomas , Van der Plancken Iesel , Grauwet Tara , Hendrickx Marc , Skypala Isabel , Mackie Alan R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractScope: The impact of thermal and high pressure (HP) processing on the immunoreactivity of the allergens Mal d 1, Mal d 3 and Api g 1 has been investigated in apple and celeriac tissue, respectively.Methods and results: The extracted proteins were assessed using SDS‐PAGE and Western blot. The results showed that Mal d 1 was subject to loss of immunoreactivity as soon as the apple tissue was disrupted although it was remarkably resistant to both thermal and HP processing. This is in contrast to the Mal d 1 structural homolog from celeriac, Api g 1, that was susceptible to thermal processing. The other major allergen in apple, Mal d 3, was found to be resistant to chemical modification and thermal processing in apple, which is in contrast to behavior in solution. However, the combination of pressure and temperature significantly reduced its immunoreactivity. Pectin was found to protect Mal d 3 from thermal denaturation in solution and is a possible candidate for the protective effect of the fruit.Conclusion: The conclusion to be drawn from these results is that the combination of HP and thermal processing is an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of both apple and celeriac.
Resveratrol (trans‐3,5,4′‐trihydroxystilbene) suppresses EL4 tumor growth by induction of apoptosis involving reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 and NF‐κB
Authors: Singh Narendra P. , Singh Udai P. , Hegde Venkatesh L. , Guan Hongbing , Hofseth Lorne , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Nagarkatti Prakash S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractScope: Understanding the molecular mechanisms through which natural products and dietary supplements exhibit anticancer properties is crucial and can lead to drug discovery and chemoprevention. The current study sheds new light on the mode of action of resveratrol (RES), a plant‐derived polyphenolic compound, against EL‐4 lymphoma growth.Methods and results: Immuno‐compromised NOD/SCID mice injected with EL‐4 tumor cells and treated with RES (100 mg/kg body weight) showed delayed development and progression of tumor growth and increased mean survival time. RES caused apoptosis in EL4 cells through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and upregulation of Fas and FasL expression in vitro. Blocking of RES‐induced apoptosis in EL4 cells by FasL mAb, cleavage of caspases and PARP, and release of cytochorme c, demonstrated the participation of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. RES also induced upregulation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog, 1 (SIRT1) and downregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in EL4 cells. siRNA‐mediated downregulation of SIRT1 in EL4 cells increased the activation of NF‐κB but decreased RES‐mediated apoptosis, indicating the critical role of SIRT1 in apoptosis via blocking activation of NF‐κB.Conclusion: These data suggest that RES‐induced SIRT1 upregulation promotes tumor cell apoptosis through negative regulation of NF‐κB, leading to suppression of tumor growth.
Effect of supplementation with vitamin D3 on glucose production pathways in human subjects
Authors: O'Sullivan Aifric , Balducci Daniele , Paradisi Francesca , Cashman Kevin D. , Gibney Michael J. , Brennan Lorraine 
Published: April 2011

AbstractScope: Research reports suggest that vitamin D affects glucose and insulin metabolism; however, the exact mechanisms are unclear. 2H NMR analysis of monoacetone glucose (MAG) after tracer administration provides a non‐invasive method of profiling hepatic glucose metabolism. This study examined the effects of supplementation with vitamin D3 on contribution of glycogenolysis to glucose production.Methods and results: Tracer administration and biofluid collections were performed with eight healthy females before and following a 4‐wk vitamin D3 administration period. Following an overnight fast subjects ingested deuterated water and acetaminophen. Full void urine samples were collected after 4 h. 2H NMR spectra of urinary monoacetone glucose were acquired to determine the contribution of glycogenolysis to glucose production. The mean contribution of glycogenolysis to glucose production was 60±13%. Supplementation with vitamin D3 had no effect on hepatic glucose production. Regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between carbohydrate intake and the contribution of glycogenolysis (β=0.914, p=0.004).Conclusion: In conclusion, we saw no changes in the percentage contribution of glycogenolysis following supplementation with vitamin D3. The reproducibility of our results and the non‐invasive nature of the method highlight the potential for this method in assessing mechanistic modes of action in future nutritional interventions.
Tutorial on physiologically based kinetic modeling in molecular nutrition and food research
Authors: Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. , Louisse Jochem , Punt Ans 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStudies in the field of molecular nutrition and food research often aim at identifying effects of bioactive ingredients on living organisms. When data from human studies are difficult to obtain, effects are often studied in relevant animal or cellular in vitro models. This poses the need for adequate extrapolation from the in vitro to the in vivo situation, from high‐dose levels to realistic low‐dose levels and from experimental animals to humans. Furthermore, effects of genetic polymorphisms or lifestyle factors may have to be taken into account. Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling provides a means to support these kinds of extrapolations. The present paper illustrates the basic concepts of PBK modeling. PBK modeling includes six steps: (i) definition of the conceptual model, (ii) translation into a mathematical model, (iii) defining parameter values, (iv) solving the equations, (v) evaluation of model performance and (vi) making predictions. The paper provides an overview of these basic steps and presents examples to illustrate how PBK modeling can be applied. This reveals that PBK modeling provides an important tool in the field of the 3Rs aiming at Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal studies and may also be a useful tool for risk assessment.
Combined use of T2‐weighted MRI and T1‐weighted dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI in the automated analysis of breast lesions
Authors: Bhooshan Neha , Giger Maryellen , Lan Li , Li Hui , Marquez Angelica , Shimauchi Akiko , Newstead Gillian M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA multiparametric computer‐aided diagnosis scheme that combines information from T1‐weighted dynamic contrast–enhanced (DCE)‐MRI and T2‐weighted MRI was investigated using a database of 110 malignant and 86 benign breast lesions. Automatic lesion segmentation was performed, and three categories of lesion features (geometric, T1‐weighted DCE, and T2‐weighted) were automatically extracted. Stepwise feature selection was performed considering only geometric features, only T1‐weighted DCE features, only T2‐weighted features, and all features. Features were merged with Bayesian artificial neural networks, and diagnostic performance was evaluated by ROC analysis. With leave‐one‐lesion‐out cross‐validation, an area under the ROC curve value of 0.77 ± 0.03 was achieved with T2‐weighted‐only features, indicating high diagnostic value of information in T2‐weighted images. Area under the ROC curve values of 0.79 ± 0.03 and 0.80 ± 0.03 were obtained for geometric‐only features and T1‐weighted DCE‐only features, respectively. When all features were considered, an area under the ROC curve value of 0.85 ± 0.03 was achieved. We observed P values of 0.006, 0.023, and 0.0014 between the geometric‐only, T1‐weighted DCE‐only, and T2‐weighted‐only features and all features conditions, respectively. When ranked, the P values satisfied the Holm–Bonferroni multiple‐comparison test; thus, the improvement of multiparametric computer‐aided diagnosis was statistically significant. A computer‐aided diagnosis scheme that combines information from T1‐weighted DCE and T2‐weighted MRI may be advantageous over conventional T1‐weighted DCE‐MRI computer‐aided diagnosis. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signal‐to‐noise ratio for hyperpolarized 3He MR imaging of human lungs: A 1.5 T and 3 T comparison
Authors: Dominguez‐Viqueira William , Ouriadov Alexei , O'Halloran Rafael , Fain Sean B. , Santyr Giles E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe signal‐to‐noise ratio in hyperpolarized noble gas MR imaging is expected to be independent of field strength at frequencies typical of clinical systems (e.g., 1.5 T), where body noise dominates over coil noise. Furthermore, at higher fields (e.g., 3 T), the SNR of lung images may decline due to decreases in T2* originating from increases in susceptibility‐induced field gradients at the air‐tissue interface. In this work, the SNR of hyperpolarized 3He lung imaging at two commonly used clinical field strengths (1.5 T and 3 T) were compared in the same volunteers. Thermally polarized and hyperpolarized 3He phantoms were used to account for differences in MR imaging system and 3He polarizer performance, respectively, at the two field strengths. After correcting for T2* values measured at 1.5 T (16 ± 2 ms) and 3 T (7 ± 1 ms), no significant difference in image SNR between the two field strengths was observed, consistent with theory. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of respiratory biofeedback and CLAWS for increased navigator efficiency for imaging the thoracic aorta
Authors: Jhooti P. , Haas T. , Kawel N. , Bremerich J. , Keegan J. , Scheffler K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA novel technique to guide a subjects' breathing pattern using a respiratory biofeedback (rBF) “game” to improve respiratory efficiency is presented. The continuously adaptive windowing strategy, a fully automatic and highly efficient free‐breathing navigator gated technique, is used to acquire the data as it ensures that all potential navigator acceptance windows are possible. This enables the rBF to be fully adaptable to a subject's respiratory pattern. Images of the thoracic aorta acquired using balanced steady‐state free precession with continuously adaptive windowing strategy respiratory motion control, with and without rBF, were compared in 10 healthy subjects. Total scan time was reduced by using rBF. The mean scan time was reduced from 7 min 44 s (463 cardiac cycles, ±127cc) without rBF to 5 min 43 s (380 cardiac cycles, ±118cc) with the use of rBF (P < 0.05). Respiratory efficiency was increased from 45% without rBF to 56% with rBF (P < 0.01). Image quality was the same for both techniques (P = ns). In conclusion, rBF significantly improved respiratory efficiency and reduced acquisition duration without affecting image quality. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved temporal resolution in cardiac imaging using through‐time spiral GRAPPA
Authors: Seiberlich Nicole , Lee Gregory , Ehses Philipp , Duerk Jeffrey L. , Gilkeson Robert , Griswold Mark 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPrevious work has shown that the use of radial GRAPPA for the reconstruction of undersampled real‐time free‐breathing cardiac data allows for frame rates of up to 30 images/s. It is well known that the spiral trajectory offers a higher scan efficiency compared to radial trajectories. For this reason, we have developed a novel through‐time spiral GRAPPA method and demonstrate its application to real‐time cardiac imaging. By moving from the radial trajectory to the spiral trajectory, the temporal resolution can be further improved at lower acceleration factors compared to radial GRAPPA. In addition, the image quality is improved compared to those generated using the radial trajectory due to the lower acceleration factor. Here, we show that 2D frame rates of up to 56 images/s can be achieved using this parallel imaging method with the spiral trajectory. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity calibration with a uniform magnetization image to improve arterial spin labeling perfusion quantification
Authors: Dai Weiying , Robson Philip M. , Shankaranarayanan Ajit , Alsop David C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractQuantification of perfusion with arterial spin labeling MRI requires a calibration of the imaging sensitivity to water throughout the imaged volume. Since this sensitivity is affected by coil loading and other interactions between the subject and the scanner, the sensitivity must be calibrated in the subject at the time of scan. Conventional arterial spin labeling perfusion quantification assumes a uniform proton density and acquires a proton density reference image to serve as the calibration. This assumption, in the form of an assumed constant brain‐blood partition coefficient, incorrectly adds inverse proton density weighting to the perfusion image. Here, a sensitivity calibration is proposed by generating a uniform magnetization image whose intensity is highly independent of brain tissue type. It is shown that such a uniform magnetization image can be achieved, and brain tissue perfusion values quantified with the sensitivity calibration agree with those quantified with a proton density image when segmentation of brain tissues is performed and appropriate partition coefficients are assumed. Quantification of brain tissue water density is also demonstrated using this sensitivity calibration. This approach can improve and simplify quantification of arterial spin labeling perfusion and may have broader applications to measurement of edema and sensitivity calibration for parallel imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on metabonomic characteristics of human lung cancer using high resolution magic‐angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis
Authors: Chen Wenxue , Zu Yukun , Huang Qi , Chen Fener , Wang Guifang , Lan Wenxian , Bai Chunxue , Lu Shaohua , Yue Yong , Deng Feng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLung cancer causes serious health problems. Clinical diagnosis of lung cancer relies on histopathological evalution of tissue specimen. However, extensive knowledge of the metabolic biochemistry of tumors can potentially provide important information for accurate diagnosis of lung cancer. High resolution magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy has emerged and be widely acknowledged as an excellent tool in investigating tissue metabolism. Moreover, the combination of high resolution magic‐angle spinning NMR technique and multivariate data analysis has become an important metabonomics platform for studying the intact biological tissues. This study reported the metabonomic characteristics of 51 lung tissues from 17 patients with lung cancer using the high resolution magic‐angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy and the multivariate data analysis methods including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis. Clear differences among the metabonomic characteristics of lung cancer tissues at various sites were disclosed. Compared with the adjacent noninvolved tissues, the lung cancer tissues had significantly high levels of aspartate, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine and lactate but significantly low levels of glucose and valine. Furthermore, significantly positive (or negative) correlations were observed between the levels of some metabolites such as lactate, fatty acids, valine, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statistical assessment of non‐Gaussian diffusion models
Authors: Kristoffersen Anders 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn human brain diffusion measurements, there are deviations from monoexponential signal decay at high values of the diffusion‐weighting factor b. This is known as non‐Gaussian diffusion and can provide novel kinds of image contrast. We evaluated quantitatively the goodness‐of‐fit of five popular diffusion models. Because of the Rician signal distribution and physiological noise, the measurement errors are unknown. This precludes standard χ2 testing. By repeating the measurement 25 times, the errors were estimated. Hypothesis testing based on the residual after least squares curve fitting was then carried out. Systematic errors originating from the Rician signal bias were eliminated in the fitting procedure. We performed diffusion measurements on four healthy volunteers with b‐values ranging from 0 to 5000 s/mm2. The data were analyzed voxelwise. The null hypothesis of a given model being adequate was rejected, if the residual after fitting exceeded a limit that corresponds to a significance level of 1%. The fraction of rejected voxels depended strongly on the number of free model parameters. The rejected fraction was: monoexponential model with two parameters, 94%; statistical model with three parameters, 29%; stretched exponential model with three parameters, 35%; cumulant model with three parameters, 48%; cumulant model with four parameters, 11%; biexponential model with four parameters, 2.9%. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal concern, social support, and health‐related quality of life across childhood
Authors: Coyle Susan B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMothers play a critical role in child and family health yet little is known about the concerns and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of mothers beyond early childhood. The purpose of this study of 234 mothers of children up to 18 years of age was to examine relationships among maternal concern, social support, and HRQOL. Mothers reported a low level of concern, but concern was a significant predictor of HRQOL. The health burden for mothers was demonstrated primarily in the mental health components of HRQOL. The effect of social support was minimal and limited to the mental health domain of HRQOL. Results suggest regular assessment of maternal concerns and mental health coupled with education regarding coping strategies to support HRQOL for all mothers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 34:297–309, 2011
Civic engagement in the policy process in Hong Kong: Change and continuity
Authors: Cheung Peter T. Y. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe role of civic engagement is particularly noteworthy in quasi‐democratic regimes like Hong Kong because it can potentially confer some degree of legitimacy on politics and the policy process. This article examines older and more recent means of civic engagement in the policy process in Hong Kong. The concepts of civic engagement and public participation are addressed, leading into discussions of the established mechanisms for public participation, the pressure on the government's approach to civic engagement since 2003, and the politics of civic action on heritage preservation and urban planning. Hong Kong's experience indicates that in a quasi‐democratic polity the main channels for public participation in the policy process are often dominated by pro‐government business and professional elites, and more participatory mechanisms are only gradually introduced after civic action by civil society groups, as reflected in the recent politics over heritage and planning. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and photopatterning of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of a novel copolymer containing swallow‐tailed double naphthalene groups
Authors: Li Tiesheng , Xu Wenjian , Tang Caiqin , Zhang Min , Wu Yangjie , Miyashita Tokuji 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new series of copolymer poly(N‐hexadecylmethacrylamide‐co‐dinaphthalen‐2‐yl 2‐allylmalonate) poly(HDMA‐co‐DNAM)s containing swallow‐tailed double naphthyl groups and long alkyl group were designed and synthesized. The behavior of copolymer molecular arranging on water surface, patterning properties of copolymer LB films, and photochemical reactions in ultrathin film were investigated. The poly(HDMA‐co‐DNAM)s could form a stable, well‐defined molecular orientation Langmuir monolayer at air/water interface. The polymer main chain was lying flat on water surface and the side chains attached to the main chain stretching out at the angle of about 50°. The results obtained showed that a well‐ordered layer‐by‐layer structure was successfully controlled in LB films, in which most of naphthyl groups in poly(HDMA‐co‐DNAM)s LB films were in dimer and the copolymer LB films were decomposed hardly upon irradiation of deep UV light. We found that the exposed and unexposed regions of the poly(HDMA‐co‐DNAM)s copolymer LB films had solubility differentiation in gold etchant, which is a mixed solution of I2/NH4I/C2H5OH/H2O. Therefore, we could obtain gold photopattern with the maximal resolution of the employed mask without any development process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxidized soybean oil plasticized polybutylene succinate blends
Authors: Zhao Yongqing , Qu Jinping , Feng Yanhong , Wu Zhenghuan , Chen Fuquan , Tang Hailong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEpoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was blended as a novel plasticizer with polybutylene succinate (PBS) in a twin‐screw extruder. The effects of ESO on the mechanical and thermal properties of the PBS/ESO blends were investigated by means of tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electronic microscope. ESO improved elongation at break for PBS, which increased and then decreased with the increase in ESO. Elongation at break reached a maximum of 15 times than that for pure PBS when the ESO loading was 5 wt%. The tensile strength and modulus for the blends were lower than those for pure PBS. Compared with pure PBS, the blends exhibited lower glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, and melting temperature. The storage modulus and tan δ peaks for the blends were lower compared with that for pure PBS. ESO had very limited compatibility with PBS, and phase separation was observed when more ESO was added. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and mechanical strength of a novel double network nanocomposite hydrogel with core‐shell structure
Authors: Fei Xiang , Lin Jiangli , Wang Jide , Lin Jiantao , Shi Xiaomei , Xu Shimei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA novel poly[(dimethylimino)(2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐propanedily)chloride]/Laponite/polyacrylic acid (PDMIHPC/Clay/PAA) hydrogel was synthesized by two‐step solution polymerization combining the strategies of both nanocomposite (NC) gels and double network (DN) gels. The chemical composition and core‐shell structure of the hydrogels were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical strength was examined by varying the reaction temperature, PDMIHPC/Clay composite dose, N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBAM) dose and water content. When the reaction temperature was 35°C, PDMIHPC/Clay composite/AA is 1:10 and MBAM dose was 0.050 wt% (based on the weight of AA), the novel hydrogel achieved a best compressive strength of 100.05 KPa with a water content of 98.8%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.