bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfluorodecalin lavage of a longstanding lung atelectasis in a child with spinal muscle atrophy
Authors: Henrichsen Thore , Lindenskov Paal HH , Shaffer Thomas H , Loekke Ruth JV , Fugelseth Drude , Lindemann Rolf 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivePersistent lung atelectasis is difficult to treat and perfluorochemical (PFC) liquid may be an option for bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL).Case reportA 4‐year‐old girl with spinal muscle atrophy was admitted in respiratory failure. On admission, the X‐ray confirmed the persistence of total right‐sided lung atelectasis, which had been present for 14 months. She was endotracheally intubated and ventilated from the day of admission. BAL with normal saline was performed twice without improvement. Following failed extubation and being dependent on continuous respiratory support, a trial of BAL using PFC liquid (Perfluorodecalin HP) was carried out. The PFC was delivered through the endotracheal tube on three consecutive days. A loading dose of 3 ml/kg was administered, followed by a varying dose in order to more effectively lavage the lungs. She tolerated the procedure well the first 2 days, although there were no clinical signs of improvement in the atelectasis. Intentionally, higher inflation pressures were applied after PFC instillation on day 3. Chest X‐ray then showed hazy infiltrates on her left lung and she required more ventilatory support. However, lung infiltrates cleared over the next 3 days. A tracheotomy was done 6 days after the last PFC instillation. She had a slow recovery and was successfully decanulated. Clinical improvement of lung function was seen including less need of BiPAP and oxygen. A chest CT scan showed then functional lung tissue appearing in the previous total atelectatic right lung.ConclusionLavage with PFC can safely be performed with a therapeutic effect in a child with unilateral total lung atelectasis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:415–419. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charge competition in halogenated hydrocarbons
Authors: Gross Kevin C. , Hadad Christopher M. , Seybold Paul G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe distribution of electronic charge in a molecule plays a major role in determining the molecule's physical, chemical, and biological properties. For studies of charge distributions, halogenated hydrocarbons are especially informative prototype systems, because the overall charge distributions depend strongly on both the identities and relative positions of the halogen substituents. In this report, we examine how the placement and identities of the halogen substituents affect the natural population analysis, atoms in molecules, and Gasteiger partial atomic charge distributions in representative saturated (methanes and ethanes), unsaturated (ethylenes), and aromatic (benzenes) halogenated hydrocarbons, using density functional calculations. The results are interpreted in terms of the electronegativities and the charge capacities of the halogens. The relationships of these charge distributions to the electrostatic potential maps of the compounds are also explored. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Ducks and passerines nesting in northern mixed‐grass prairie treated with fire
Authors: Grant Todd A. , Shaffer Terry L. , Madden Elizabeth M. , Berkey Gordon B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPrescribed fire is an important, ecology‐driven tool for restoration of grassland systems. However, prescribed fire remains controversial for some grassland managers because of reported reductions in bird use of recently burned grasslands. Few studies have evaluated effects of fire on grassland bird populations in the northern mixed‐grass prairie region. Fewer studies yet have examined the influence of fire on nest density or survival. In our review, we found no studies that simultaneously examined effects of fire on duck and passerine nesting. During 1998–2003, we examined effects of prescribed fire on the density of upland‐nesting ducks and passerines nesting in north‐central North Dakota, USA. Apparent nest densities of gadwall (Anas strepera), mallard (A. platyrhynchos), and all duck species combined, were influenced by fire history of study units, although the degree of influence was not compelling. Fire history was not related to nest densities of blue‐winged teal (A. discors), northern shoveler (A. clypeata), or northern pintail (A. acuta); however, apparent nest densities in relation to the number of postfire growing seasons exhibited a strikingly similar pattern among all duck species. When compared to ducks, fire history strongly influenced apparent nest densities of clay‐colored sparrow (Spizella pallida), Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). For most species examined, apparent nest densities were lowest in recently burned units, increased during the second postfire growing season, and stabilized or, in some cases, decreased thereafter. Prescribed fire is critical for restoring the ecology of northern mixed‐grass prairies and our findings indicate that reductions in nest densities are limited mostly to the first growing season after fire. Our results support the premise that upland‐nesting ducks and several grassland passerine species are adapted to periodic fires occurring at a frequency similar to that of pre‐Euro‐American settlement of the region. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Probability density function approach for modelling multi-phase flow with ganglia in porous media
Authors: Tyagi Manav , Jenny Patrick 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA probabilistic approach to model macroscopic behaviour of non-wetting-phase ganglia or blobs in multi-phase flow through porous media is proposed. The key idea is to consider a set of stochastic Markov processes that can mimic the microscopic multi-phase dynamics. These processes are characterized by equilibrium probability density functions (PDFs) and correlation times, which can be obtained from micro-scale simulation studies or experiments. A Lagrangian viewpoint is adopted, where stochastic particles represent infinitesimal fluid elements and evolve in the physical and probability space. Ganglion mobilization and trapping are modelled by a two-state jump process with transition probabilities given as functions of ganglion size. Coalescence and breakup of ganglia influence the ganglion size distribution, which is modelled by a Langevin type equation. The joint probability density function (JPDF) of the chosen stochastic variables is governed by a high-dimensional Chapman–Kolmogorov equation. This equation can be used to derive moment (e.g. saturation, mean mobility etc.) transport equations, which in general do not form a closed system. However, in some special cases, which arise in the limit of one time scale being smaller or larger than the others, a closed set of moment transport equations can be obtained. For slowly varying and quasi-uniform flows, the saturation transport equation appears in closed form with the mean mobility fully determined, if the equilibrium PDFs are known. Furthermore, it is shown how statistical parameters such as mobilization and trapping rates and equilibrium PDFs can be obtained from the birth–death type approach, in which ganglia breakup and coalescence are explicitly considered. A two-equation transport model (one equation for the total saturation and one for the trapped saturation) is obtained in the limit of very fast coalescence and breakup processes. This model is employed to mimic hysteresis in relative permeability–saturation curves; a well known phenomenon observed in the successive processes of imbibition and drainage. For the general case, the JPDF-equation is solved using the stochastic particle method, which was proposed in our previous paper (Tyagi et al. J. Comput. Phys. 227, 2008, 6696–6714). Several one- and two-dimensional numerical simulation results are presented to show the influence of correlation times on the averaged macroscopic flow behaviour.
Ion-acoustic vortex formation in a non-uniform two-electron-temperature magnetoplasma with sheared ion flow
Authors: BATOOL NAZIA , NAEEM ISMAT , MIRZA ARSHAD M. , MASOOD W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe have investigated some linear as well as nonlinear properties of ion-acoustic wave (IAW) propagation in a non-uniform two-electron-temperature magnetoplasma in the presence of ion-sheared flows. In the linear limit, new dispersion relation has been derived and analyzed in some interesting limiting cases. It is shown that ion-sheared flow can drive the IAW unstable under a certain limit.Whereas, in the nonlinear case, dipolar and vortex street type solutions can appear. It is observed that by choosing some typical parameters of Earth's auroral region, the scalelength of the nonlinear structures are significantly modified. The present investigation might be very useful to explain various types of nonlinear structure formation which has been observed in space environments where two-electron-temperature plasma exist.
Marine megavertebrates of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly: relative abundance and distribution
Authors: Leeney Ruth H. , Witt Matthew J. , Broderick Annette C. , Buchanan John , Jarvis Daniel S. , Richardson Peter B. , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: October 2011

We document patterns of distribution and relative abundance of marine megavertebrate fauna around Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly from a combination of aerial and boat-based surveying. Between January 2006 and November 2007, 20 aerial surveys were undertaken, comprising over 40 hours of on-effort flying time. In April to October of these years, 27 effort-corrected ferry surveys were also conducted from a passenger ferry travelling between Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Opportunistic sightings were also logged by the crew members of the ferry and another vessel travelling regularly along the same route on 155 days. Ten megavertebrate species were sighted: basking sharksCetorhinus maximus, sunfishMola mola, common dolphinsDelphinus delphis, harbour porpoisePhocoena phocoena, grey sealsHalichoerus grypus, Risso's dolphinsGrampus griseus, bottlenose dolphinsTursiops truncatus, minke whalesBalaenoptera acutorostrata, long-finned pilot whalesGlobicephala melasand killer whaleOrcinus orca. During aerial surveys, 206 sighting events of seven species were made, compared with 145 sighting events of eight species during ferry surveys and 293 sighting events of 10 species from opportunistic ship-board data collection efforts. Seasonal and spatial patterns in species occurrence were evident. Basking sharks were the most commonly-sighted species in the region and were relatively abundant throughout the estimated 5 km-wide strip of coastal waters covered by the aerial surveys, during spring and summer. Ferry surveys and opportunistic vessel-based sightings data confirmed that the distribution of surface-feeding aggregations of this species was largely around the coasts. Despite the limited scope of this study, it has provided valuable baseline data, and possible insights into the marine biodiversity of the region.
Effects of animal size and nutritional status on the RNA/DNA ratio in different tissues of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis
Authors: Yeung Jamius W.Y. , Leung Kenneth M.Y. 
Published: October 2011

This study aimed to examine the responses of RNA/DNA ratio in Perna viridis under different nutritional status via both field and laboratory studies, and hence evaluate the usefulness of this ratio as a rapid growth biomarker in the mussels. First, the effects of size (small: 30–40 mm; medium: 40–50 mm; large: >50 mm) and tissue type (adductor muscle, foot, gill and hepatopancreas) on the RNA/DNA ratio were investigated in P. viridis collected from three different sites with different degrees of eutrophication in Hong Kong waters. Across all sizes, the mussels collected from a fairly ‘eutrophic’ mariculture zone had significantly higher RNA/DNA ratios in their gills than those from the other two relatively clean sites. The RNA/DNA ratio in small mussels was generally higher than in medium and large individuals, though such a size effect significantly interacted with tissue type and site. Second, we conducted a 10-day comparative laboratory study to elucidate the influence of starvation and feeding on the RNA/DNA ratio in the mussels. We observed that both hepatopancreas and foot muscle generally exhibited significant and rapid response to such a short-term starvation or food addition. The present results confirmed that the RNA/DNA ratio in P. viridis is a sensitive biomarker to gauge their growth and general health condition in accordance with food availability and/or eutrophication condition.
Cannabis, schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: 35 years of follow-up of a population-based cohort
Authors: Manrique-Garcia E. , Zammit S. , Dalman C. , Hemmingsson T. , Andreasson S. , Allebeck P. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundThere is now strong evidence that cannabis use increases the risk of psychoses including schizophrenia, but the relationship between cannabis and different psychotic disorders, as well as the mechanisms, are poorly known. We aimed to assess types of psychotic outcomes after use of cannabis in adolescence and variation in risk over time.MethodA cohort of 50 087 military conscripts with data on cannabis use in late adolescence was followed up during 35 years with regard to in-patient care for psychotic diagnoses.ResultsOdds ratios for psychotic outcomes among frequent cannabis users compared with non-users were 3.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–5.8] for schizophrenia, 2.2 (95% CI 1.0–4.7) for brief psychosis and 2.0 (95% CI 0.8–4.7) for other non-affective psychoses. Risk of schizophrenia declined over the decades in moderate users but much less so in frequent users. The presence of a brief psychosis did not increase risk of later schizophrenia more in cannabis users compared with non-users.ConclusionsOur results confirm an increased risk of schizophrenia in a long-term perspective, although the risk declined over time in moderate users.
Mood and anxiety disorders and their association with non-medical prescription opioid use and prescription opioid-use disorder: longitudinal evidence from the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Authors: Martins S. S. , Fenton M. C. , Keyes K. M. , Blanco C. , Zhu H. , Storr C. L. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundNon-medical use of prescription opioids represents a national public health concern of growing importance. Mood and anxiety disorders are highly associated with non-medical prescription opioid use. The authors examined longitudinal associations between non-medical prescription opioid use and opioid disorder due to non-medical opioid use and mood/anxiety disorders in a national sample, examining evidence for precipitation, self-medication and general shared vulnerability as pathways between disorders.MethodData were drawn from face-to-face surveys of 34 653 adult participants in waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Logistic regression models explored the temporal sequence and evidence for the hypothesized pathways.ResultsBaseline lifetime non-medical prescription opioid use was associated with incidence of any mood disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, any anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD in wave 2, adjusted for baseline demographics, other substance use, and co-morbid mood/anxiety disorders). Lifetime opioid disorder was not associated with any incident mood/anxiety disorders. All baseline lifetime mood disorders and GAD were associated with incident non-medical prescription opioid use at follow-up, adjusted for demographics, co-morbid mood/anxiety disorders, and other substance use. Baseline lifetime mood disorders, MDD, dysthymia and panic disorder were associated with incident opioid disorder due to non-medical prescription opioid use at follow-up, adjusted for the same covariates.ConclusionsThese results suggest that precipitation, self-medication as well as shared vulnerability are all viable pathways between non-medical prescription opioid use and opioid disorder due to non-medical opioid use and mood/anxiety disorders.
A Kantian conception of global justice
Authors: VARDEN HELGA 
Published: October 2011

AbstractI start this article by addressing Kant's question why rightful interactions require both domestic public authorities (or states) and a global public authority? Of central importance are two issues: first, the identification of problems insoluble without public authorities, and second, why a domestic public monopoly on coercion can be rightfully established and maintained by coercive means while a global public monopoly on coercion cannot be established once and for all. In the second part of the article, I address the nature of the institutional structure of individual states and of the global authority. Crucial here, I argue, is Kant's distinction between private and public right. Private right concerns rightful relations between individual legal subjects, where public right concerns legal subjects’ claims on their public institutions. I propose that the distinction between private and public right should be central to liberal critiques of current legal and political developments in the global sphere.
Willingness to pay for a cardiovascular prevention program in highly educated adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jacobs Nele , Drost Ruben , Ament Andre , Evers Silvia , Claes Neree 
Published: October 2011

Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine adults’ Willingness To Pay (WTP) for CardioVascular Disease (CVD) intervention programs of different intensities.Methods:Three hundred fourteen participants were randomized to two study conditions: (i) CVD risk assessment/communication; (ii) CVD risk assessment/communication + a behavior change program. The behavior change program was aimed at increasing physical activity, reducing saturated fat intake and smoking cessation. It consisted of a tailored Web site and individual coaching with a self-selected dose. At post-assessment, WTP and perceived autonomy support items were included. The intervention dose was registered throughout the trial and post-hoc intervention dose groups were created. Pearson Chi-Square tests, Student'st-tests, one-way analyses of variance were used to examine WTP-differences between the study conditions and intervention dose groups.Results:Twenty-four months after baseline, 61 and 135 participants of the control and intervention condition, respectively, completed the questionnaires. No WTP difference was found between the study conditions. However, participants that selected a higher intervention dose were willing to pay significantly more for their program (p< .05).Conclusions:In general, people want to pay the same amount of money for a CVD prevention program, irrespective of the inclusion of a behavior change program. However, there seems to be an association between the self-selected dose of the latter program and the WTP.
Relationship between HBV cccDNA expression in the human ovary and vertical transmission of HBV
Authors: YU M. M. , GU X. J , XIA Y. , WANG G. J. , KAN N. Y. , JIANG H. X. , WU K. H. , JI Y. , JU L. L. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the ovary and vertical transmission of HBV. HBV DNA and HBV cccDNA were assayed in the ovaries of 33 pregnant women who were positive for HBV DNA. The HBVM (HBV markers, including HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb) level and the HBV DNA content in peripheral blood of infants were measured. The overall positive rate of HBV DNA and HBV cccDNA in samples was 51·52% (17/33). The intrauterine infection rate of the infants was 12·12% (4/33). When HBV DNA and HBV cccDNA were both positive, the intrauterine infection rate of infants was significantly higher than when they were both negative (P<0·05). Levels of HBV cccDNA and the rate of positive samples were significantly higher in mothers with infants with intrauterine infection than in those without (P<0·01 andP<0·05, respectively). HBV can infect the human ovary and may transmit to the filial generation via the ovum.
Study of tides and sea levels at Deception and Livingston islands, Antarctica
Authors: Vidal Juan , Berrocoso Manuel , Fernández-Ros Alberto 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDuring the 2007–08 Spanish Antarctic campaign, two moorings of bottom pressure sensors were carried out over a ten week period. This paper presents the results of the tidal analysis from sea level records obtained at Deception and Livingston islands (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). The main objective of this paper is to present a detailed study of the tidal characteristics at these two islands, for which statistical and harmonic analysis techniques are applied to the tidal records. A geodetic network was used to reference the pressure sensors. Geometric levelling, with an accuracy of 1 mm, allowed us to link the tidal marks with geodetic vertices located on Livingston and Deception islands. The amplitudes and phase lags obtained by harmonic analysis are compared to the harmonic constants of several coastal stations and co-tidal and co-range charts. Results show an evident influence of tides in the sea level signal, with a clear mixed semi-diurnal behaviour and a daily inequality between high and low waters. Measurements of salinity and temperature were made using electronic sensors. Results from this study showed that salinity and temperature were strongly influenced by tides. Seawater temperature varied in a manner that was consistent with the time series of residual bottom pressure.
Evaluation of Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) cyclone forecasts using infrared satellite imagery
Authors: Nigro Melissa A. , Cassano John J. , Knuth Shelley L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Antarctic coast is an area of high cyclonic activity. Specifically, the regions of Terra Nova Bay, in the western Ross Sea, and Byrd Glacier, in the western Ross Ice Shelf, are prone to cyclone development. The United States, New Zealand, and Italian Antarctic programmes conduct extensive research activities in the region of the western Ross Sea. Due to the harsh weather conditions associated with the cyclonic systems that occur in this region and the abundant research activities in the area, it is important to be able to accurately predict the timing, location and strength of cyclones in this sector of Antarctica. This study evaluates the ability of the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (from 2006–09) to accurately forecast cyclones in the region of the western Ross Sea by comparing the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System forecasts to cyclones identified in infrared satellite imagery. The results indicate that the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System is able to accurately predict the presence of cyclones about 40% of the time (at a minimum) and the presence of no cyclones about 70% of the time.
Global goods and local usages: the small world of the Indian sewing machine, 1875–1952
Authors: Arnold David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSewing machines, one of the first mechanical consumer goods to be mass produced and sold worldwide, provide an important case study for the understanding of global history in terms of the global diffusion of goods. However, as the case of colonial India demonstrates, it is what happens to such goods on their arrival in the recipient society – their emergent social history and growing indigeneity – that then demands analytical consideration. By tracing the changing nature of India’s sewing culture and sewing-machine use, linking it to occupational shifts, racial identities, and gender roles, to changing marketing techniques and advertising strategies, this article shows how closely the relative success of the sewing machine was bound up with local artisanal practices, commercial agency, and the transformative forces present in Indian society. It further indicates how Indian production of sewing machines by the 1950s built on several decades of acculturation and local experience of their sale and use.