bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of selective HDAC inhibitors on macrophage inflammatory responses to the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist LPS
Authors: Halili Maria A , Andrews Melanie R , Labzin Larisa I , Schroder Kate , Matthias Gabriele , Cao Chun , Lovelace Erica , Reid Robert C , Le Giang T , Hume David A , Irvine Katharine M , Matthias Patrick , Fairlie David P , Sweet Matthew J 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Selective inhibitor studies in macrophages implicate class II HDAC enzymes in TLR-mediated inflammatory pathways and class I HDACs as negative regulators.
Broad-spectrum inhibitors of HDACs are therapeutic in many inflammatory disease models but exacerbated disease in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. HDAC inhibitors have anti- and proinflammatory effects on macrophages in vitro. We report here that several broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors, including TSA and SAHA, suppressed the LPS-induced mRNA expression of the proinflammatory mediators Edn-1, Ccl-7/MCP-3, and Il-12p40 but amplified the expression of the proatherogenic factors Cox-2 and Pai-1/serpine1 in primary mouse BMM. Similar effects were also apparent in LPS-stimulated TEPM and HMDM. The pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of TSA were separable over a concentration range, implying that individual HDACs have differential effects on macrophage inflammatory responses. The HDAC1-selective inhibitor, MS-275, retained proinflammatory effects (amplification of LPS-induced expression of Cox-2 and Pai-1 in BMM) but suppressed only some inflammatory responses. In contrast, 17a (a reportedly HDAC6-selective inhibitor) retained anti-inflammatory but not proinflammatory properties. Despite this, HDAC6−/− macrophages showed normal LPS-induced expression of HDAC-dependent inflammatory genes, arguing that the anti-inflammatory effects of 17a are not a result of inhibition of HDAC6 alone. Thus, 17a provides a tool to identify individual HDACs with proinflammatory properties.
The catalytic PI3K isoforms p110γ and p110δ contribute to B cell development and maintenance, transformation, and proliferation
Authors: Beer-Hammer Sandra , Zebedin Eva , von Holleben Max , Alferink Judith , Reis Bernhard , Dresing Philipp , Degrandi Daniel , Scheu Stefanie , Hirsch Emilio , Sexl Veronika , Pfeffer Klaus , Nürnberg Bernd , Piekorz Roland P 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
PI3K isoforms p110γ and p110δ are required for early B cell development, peripheral maintenance, transformation by the Abelson oncogene, and LPS-induced proliferation.
Class I PI3K-dependent signaling regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Analysis of gene-deficient mice revealed specific roles for the hematopoietically expressed PI3K catalytic subunits, p110γ and p110δ, in development and function of T and B lymphocytes. However, the functional redundancy between these two PI3K isoforms in the B cell lineage remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that p110δ and p110γ are expressed in B cells at early developmental stages. Normal B cell differentiation requires both isoforms, as p110γ/p110δ double deficiency causes an increased percentage of CD43hi/B220+/CD19− cells as compared with single deficiency. Interestingly, initial transformation efficiency of B cell precursors was strongly reduced in double-deficient cells following transformation by p185 bcr-abl or v-abl oncogenes as compared with single-deficient cells. The requirement of p110γ and p110δ in B cell development is underlined by reduced splenic B cell numbers of p110γ/p110δ double-deficient mice and of lethally irradiated wild-type mice reconstituted with double-deficient BM. Moreover, the peripheral maintenance of p110γ/p110δ double-deficient T and B cells was highly impaired following adoptive transfer of double-deficient splenocytes into wild-type mice. Functionally, LPS stimulation of splenocytes revealed proliferation defects resulting in decreased survival of p110γ/p110δ double-deficient B cells, which correlated with impaired induction of D-type cyclins and Bcl-XL. Surprisingly, this was not observed when purified B cells were analyzed, indicating a contribution of likely cell-extrinsic factor(s) to the impaired proliferation of double-deficient B cells. Thus, we provide novel evidence that p110γ and p110δ have overlapping and cell-extrinsic roles in the development, peripheral maintenance, and function of B cells.
STAT1-dependent IgG cell-surface expression in a human B cell line derived from a STAT1-deficient patient
Authors: Najjar Imen , Deglesne Pierre-Antoine , Schischmanoff Pierre Olivier , Fabre Emmanuelle E , Boisson-Dupuis Stéphanie , Nimmerjahn Falk , Bornkamm Georg W , Dusanter-Fourt Isabelle , Fagard Remi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A STAT1-dependent surface expression of IgGs is revealed in a human B cell line derived from a STAT1-deficient patient.
STAT1 is a key effector of cytokines involved in the resistance to pathogens; its identified transcriptional targets mediate the innate immune response involved in the defense against viruses and bacteria. Little is known about the role of STAT1 in adaptive immunity, including its impact on BCR or surface Ig expression. Analysis of this point is difficult in humans, as STAT1 deficiency is extremely rare. SD patients die early in childhood from a severe immunodeficiency. Herein, a SD B cell line obtained from a SD patient was compared with a B cell line from a STAT1-proficient subject in search of differences in surface Ig expression. In this SD B cell line, a complete absence of surface IgG was noted. The mRNA encoding the surface form of IgG was detected only in STAT1-proficient B cells; the mRNAs encoding the secreted and the surface forms were detected in SD and STAT1-proficient B cells. Re-expression of STAT1 in SD B cells restored surface IgG expression and a functional BCR. Conversely, shRNA silencing of STAT1 in B cells reduced considerably the expression of the surface IgG. Although limited to one B cell line, these results suggest that STAT1 may play an essential role in surface IgG expression in human B cells. Possible mechanisms involve regulation of mRNA splicing, transcription, or both. These observations extend the role of STAT1 further in adaptive immunity, including the regulation of BCR expression.
Human eosinophil granulocytes do not express the enzyme arginase
Authors: Luckner-Minden Claudia , Fischer Ina , Langhans Claus-Dieter , Schiller Martin , Kropf Pascale , Müller Ingrid , Hohlfeld Jens M , Ho Anthony D , Munder Markus 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Human eosinophils lack the mechanism of arginase-mediated arginine depletion as a key immunosuppressive mechanism of neutrophil granulocytes.
Human polymorphonuclear PMN constitutively express the enzyme arginase I, which hydrolyzes arginine to ornithine and urea. This arginine consumption has been recognized as a key pathway of myeloid cell-mediated suppression of the adaptive immune system during inflammation, infection, and tumor growth. Eos granulocytes are crucial immunoregulatory and effector cells of allergic inflammation and infections with parasites and helminths and in a variety of tumors. Here, we analyzed if human Eos also express arginase with its potential immunosuppressive consequences. We show that human peripheral blood Eos do not express arginase I or II protein or arginase enzymatic activity. Correspondingly, no metabolism of arginine to ornithine can be detected in Eos-S. Neither Eos apoptosis nor cytokine-mediated cellular activation induces arginase in human Eos in vitro. Finally, we show that arginase activity and protein are also undetectable in Eos of allergic patients from peripheral blood or from BALF activated in vivo during allergic pulmonary inflammation. This work demonstrates a fundamental difference between neutrophil and Eos granulocytes. As Eos are not equipped with the immunosuppressive enzyme arginase, they cannot participate, via arginine limitation, in the suppression of the evolving adaptive immune response in allergy, infections, or tumor immunity.
Safe Practice Environment Chapter Proposed by United States Pharmacopeia; Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim and Lisinopril Hyperkalemia
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: March 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Panitumumab-Related Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cheng Haiying , Gammon David , Dutton Traci M. , Piperdi Bilal 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Hypomagnesemia is an adverse reaction associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting monoclonal antibodies. Of the 2 EGFR antibodies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration—cetuximab and panitumumab—cetuximab-induced hypomagnesemia has been extensively characterized but panitumumab-induced hypomagnesemia has not. Methods In this retrospective study, the clinical course of hypomagnesemia is described in three 64- to 68-year-old men who received panitumumab monotherapy or panitumumab-plus-irinotecan therapy for colorectal cancer for 8 to 21 weeks. Results The onset of hypomagnesemia was variable, ranging from 1 week to 10 weeks following the initiation of panitumumab. Magnesium levels did not normalize until 4 to 8 weeks after discontinuation of the agent. Of the patients in the study, 2 had new onset of grade 3 hypomagnesemia 1 to 3 weeks after panitumumab was discontinued. Management was magnesium sulfate 2 g infusion weekly and magnesium oxide 1,200 mg oral repletion daily. With severe hypomagnesemia (grade 3 and higher) or significant diarrhea (grade 3 and higher), a daily infusion of magnesium sulfate 2 or 4 g was administered. Conclusion When administering panitumumab therapy, magnesium levels should be monitored from the initiation of the agent to at least 8 weeks following cessation. Hypomagnesemia usually can be managed with magnesium sulfate 2 to 4 g infusion weekly and magnesium oxide 1,200 mg oral repletion daily. Future research is warranted to identify simple and efficient strategies for monitoring and treating EGFR blockade with monoclonal antibody-associated hypomagnesemia.
Tigecycline-Induced Pancreatitis
Authors: Marshall S. Renee 
Published: March 2010

Purpose The intent of this case report is to heighten the awareness of the potential for tigecycline-induced pancreatitis. Case Summary A 55-year-old woman came to the emergency department with complaints of chest pain, and it was later found that the patient was bacteremic. Blood cultures grew Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus hominis. The patient was treated with several antibiotics, including tigecycline. Approximately 2 weeks following admission, the patient developed nausea, vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite. A gastroenterology consult revealed pancreatitis, and it was recommended that tigecycline be discontinued. Shortly after tigecycline discontinuation, the patient's symptoms resolved and the enzymes returned to normal. Discussion A review is presented of the available literature on mechanisms for tetracycline-induced pancreatitis based on tetracycline's interaction with a receptor on the 30s ribosomal subunit necessary for protein synthesis. Conclusion Because of the structural similarity between tigecycline and tetracycline, it is plausible that the same mechanism for tetracycline-induced pancreatitis could be the rationale for the episode of pancreatitis described in the case report presented here.
Media Studies 2.0: a response
Authors: Gauntlett David 
Published: March 2010

This article responds to the articles about Media Studies 2.0 featured in this special issue of Interactions. Key features of Media Studies 2.0 are restated: (1) Considerable changes in the media ecosystem, where internet-based technologies now blur the range of places where
users can encounter, interact with and contribute to media content; (2) The collapse of separate categories of producer and audience, as growing numbers of people become creators and curators of digital media; (3) A turn away from professional media productions, towards the everyday participatory
and creative possibilities of today's media.
The article notes William Merrin's sophisticated contributions to this debate, and goes on to consider some of the criticisms made about Media Studies 2.0. It notes that commentary in this field tends towards either celebration or condemnation
of new technologies, and suggests that a more measured discussion of the role of media in people's lives might prove more illuminating.
Looking backward, looking forward: African media studies and the question of power
Authors: Musa Mohammed 
Published: March 2010

The emergence and development of communication and media studies in Africa is related to the continent's colonial experience. Concerns with domination and the denial of their right to self-determination under European colonialism gingered Africans into establishing media institutions
and to acquiring training to equip themselves with the professional competence and theoretical and methodological tools to enquire into the roles and relationship of modern media and society. To that extent, in the early days, concern with power relations and the desire to bring change played
a role in the rise of communication and media studies.
The replications of curricula from Western universities, as well as the training of many African scholars in the field, were major factors in the reproduction of some conservative scholarship in communication and media studies. The
importation and imposition of social scientific models of development in the post-independence era resulted in the negative appropriation of the earlier focus of communication and media studies on power relations, but the field has also suffered under-funding and the intimidation and harassment
of radical scholarship by some African ruling elites. The ascendancy of a neo-liberal market system has only exacerbated and consolidated domination suffered by Africa in most facets of social life. This paper examines the extent to which the present era has provided communication and media
studies in Africa with an opportunity to return to its earlier focus on unequal power relations and how these could be changed.
White Spaces the New Wi-Fi?
Authors: Stirling Andrew 
Published: March 2010

This article is an introduction to a major spectrum opportunity that is now catching the eye of regulators, worldwide, as they seek capacity for more ubiquitous and affordable broadband Internet access.
At a time when the demand for spectrum has never been greater, white spaces in
television broadcast spectrum are a prime, largely unused, resource. Wireless technologies have advanced rapidly over the last decade, to the point where the technical capabilities to harness white spaces now exist. The missing piece of the jigsaw has been a regulatory framework that would
allow the new applications to share the UHF bands with the broadcast television and supporting services. However, spectrum regulators are now laying the foundations for this, with the United States (FCC) and the United Kingdom (Ofcom) leading the way.
The most pressing potential application
of white spaces is the extension of broadband Internet access. Broadcasters may benefit from this, as the popularity of interactive services grows.
Hampstead Revisited
Authors: Pollard Alex , Hetherington Iain , Figgis Laurence , Murray Stuart 
Published: March 2010

In 2002, Hampstead Achieved opened at K Jackson's pub in Edinburgh, a popular artists' hangout. The exhibition was a showcase of zine activity from Scotland and beyond. Curated by Alex Pollard and Neil Mulholland, the show was packed with the naughty ideas that one associates
with samizdat or under the counter visual material and writing by artists. Fake bands, fake fanzines, biting critique, nonsense visual poetry and unabashed nerdiness provided an intellectual jolt for those who had forgotten their Dadaist spirit (Pollard and Mulholland 2003).
The zine culture
of Scotland has now moved on somewhat, sprouting newer and even naughtier zines. The samizdat material included in this journal provides a sample of the kind of sport that would certainly be included if there was ever to be a Hampstead Revisited exhibition.
Bollywood, Tibet, and the spatial and temporal dimensions of global modernity
Authors: Morcom Anna 
Published: March 2010

While Bollywood is established as global popular culture, its journey into Tibet has been an idiosyncratic and complex one. Unlike the well-known manifestations of transnational Bollywood, in Tibet, Bollywood is not underpinned by an Indian diaspora or indeed Islamicate-based crossovers in the cultural and linguistic expression of romance. Furthermore, there is no legal import of Bollywood films or music into China's still protectionist cultural market, and zero attempts by Bombay producers to target China as yet.This ethnographically-based article describes Bollywood in Tibet in live and recorded performing arts, analyzing in historical perspective the legal and illegal flows of people and goods, as well as other ties between Tibet and India and South Asia that drive this fashionable corner of Tibetan popular culture. This article also explores how Bollywood (and India) slot into the context of Chinese multiculturalism as an exotic and also erotic other.The article as a whole highlights the historical as well as the modern forces of globalization, seeing the roots of Bollywood in Tibet as lying in ancient ties between Tibet and India and also Nepal, as well as in modern tourism and trade. This points to the fluidity of cultural topographies and trajectories in the pre-modern world. The article also emphasizes how far the globalization of Bollywood is due to specific regional and national issues, most notably, the nationalist project of the PRC which brought into being exile Tibet in India and Nepal as a kind of collateral damage.
Guns and guys in the jungle; news and terrorism in north-east India
Authors: Hasan Daisy 
Published: March 2010

This article examines representations of terror in north-east India on state and privately owned television channels. North-east India sustains many subnational insurgencies against the Indian state. Most of these separatist movements, which are a response to structural and cultural
inequalities, have faced brutal military repression. The article looks at the silences and absences surrounding the use of terror in the region on the state-owned broadcaster, Doordarshan. It contrasts this with the surge in representations of terror (perpetuated both by the Indian army and
by insurgent groups) on privately owned national television networks. While stories of terror are considered newsworthy by private channels the region does not otherwise receive regular coverage as it is generally regarded as culturally remote and politically insignificant. Regional television
enterprises operating in local languages, on the other hand, are often able to achieve a more complex representation of issues around the use of terror by state and non-state actors.
The article critically examines the aesthetics of terror constructed both by state-owned television and
privately owned media. State-owned television's representation of terror, it is argued, tends to lobby for a particular point of view one that emphasizes the authority of particular figures and symbols of the state. The local media offers a more nuanced picture of terror but has received a
mixed response from the public. It has, however, encouraged people to question violent political means and exclusive identities thereby promoting the growth of civil society in the region.
Skulpturen der Handlungsmacht
Authors: Eickhoff Hajo 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungDer Mensch ist ein Wesen der Distanz: er distanziert seine Hände vom Erdboden, distanziert sich durch die Sprache von den Dingen und distanziert Reiz und Reaktion zu einem Zeitspalt, woraus Denken, Freiheit und Handlungsmacht hervorgehen. So hat sich aus der Natur ein Wesen herausgearbeitet, das bedingt frei ist, Bewusstsein in die Welt trägt und dadurch auch ein Kulturwesen ist. Da aber nur wirklich werden kann, was möglich ist, sind Freiheit und Bewusstheit auch natürliche Phänomene. Den Zeitspalt verbreitert der Mensch durch kulturelle Objekte und Kultureinrichtungen. Hauptobjekte sind Haus, Stadt, Schule, Stuhl und Netz, die den Menschen mit jeweils spezifischen Handlungsmächten ausstatten: mit ortsgebundenen, institutionellen, außerpersonalen und individuellen Mächten.
Märtyrerinnen des Dollars? Philippinische Hausarbeiterinnen zwischen Handeln und Leiden auf dem Weg gen Westen
Authors: Liebelt Claudia 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungPhilippinische Migrantinnen sind die Hausarbeiterinnen der globalen Arbeitsteilung schlechthin. Ihre Repräsentation als entrechtete, ausgebeutete und verletzliche Frauen als eine Form der diskursiven Viktimisierung begreifend, analysiert die Autorin in diesem Artikel die Selbstbilder der Migrantinnen. Diese erzählen sich als Märtyrerinnen des Dollars und vom Westen Träumende, somit als leidende Subjekte, die ihrer Handlungsmacht dennoch nicht beraubt sind. Erst ein Konzept von Leidenschaft und Leidensfähigkeit (passio) in Verschränkung mit Handlungsmacht (agency), so die Argumentation, ermöglicht es, diese mit bestimmten Praktiken verknüpften Bilder zu verstehen. Als empirische Analyse wirft das Fallbeispiel Licht auf neue Subjektivitätsformation in den Bruchzonen des globalen Kapitalismus und der zeitgenossischen Migration.
Der Rätselhafte Besucher als Agent der Transformation in Takashi Miike′s Film Visitor Q. Die Konstituierung von Agency durch passionierte Transgression
Authors: Köpping Klaus-Peter 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungIn einer Analyse der narrativen Strukturen des Films Visitor Q“ von Takashi Miike aus dem Jahre 2001 wird versucht, die präsentierten Formen der Exzesse von Gewalt und Tabu-Brüchen als metaphorische Aussagen nicht nur über typisch japanische kulturelle Prägungen zu verstehen, sondern allgemein als Aussagen über die Transformation von Kultur zu Natur. Miike scheint dabei durch den Einsatz der schon von Pasolini in Teorema“ 1968 eingeführten Figur des rätselhaften Besuchers einen Mittler als Transformatoren zu zitieren, der auf interkulturelle mythische Vorbilder verweist. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Umwandlung von Gewalt aus der gesellschaftlichen in die natürliche Sphäre zu mehrfachen Umwandlungen der Protagonisten hinsichtlich von Agency und passivem Leiden führt. Das Modell der in der filmischen Erzählung ausgeführten Rabelais’schen Formen der Gewaltausübung durch natürliche“ Leidenschaften wird auf das Verhältnis von Film und Zuschauer angewendet über das Scharnier des Begriffs der Vergessenheit (Amnesie). Zentraler Punkt der Ausführungen bildet das metaphorische Spannungsverhältnis von gelebter Wirklichkeit und filmischer Realität und die Vieldeutigkeit der Verweisstrukturen.