bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E: Food Engineering & Physical Properties. Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pasteurization on Natural Microbiota, Texture, and Microstructure of Fresh‐Cut Coconut
Authors: Ferrentino Giovanna , Balzan Sara , Dorigato Andrea , Pegoretti Alessandro , Spilimbergo Sara 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  The objective of the present study was the evaluation of the effectiveness of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) as a nonthermal technology for the pasteurization of fresh‐cut coconut, as an example of ready‐to‐eat and minimally processed food. First, the inactivation kinetics of microbiota on coconut were determined using SC‐CO2 treatments (pressures at 8 and 12 MPa, temperatures from 24 to 45 °C, treatment times from 5 to 60 min). Second, the effects of SC‐CO2 on the hardness and microstructure of fresh‐cut coconut processed at the optimal conditions for microbial reduction were investigated. SC‐CO2 treatment of 15 min at 45 °C and 12 MPa induced 4 log CFU/g reductions of mesophilic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, total coliforms, and yeasts and molds. The hardness of coconut was not affected by the treatment but the samples developed an irregular and disorderly microstructure. Results suggested the potential of SC‐CO2 in preserving fresh‐cut fruits and ready‐to‐eat products.Practical Application:    The effectiveness of SC‐CO2 as a nonthermal technology for the pasteurization of fresh‐cut coconut was studied. The results demonstrated the possibility to apply the treatment as a method to induce the inactivation of the natural microorganisms, preventing the microbial spoilage and, at the same time, preserving the hardness of the product. The available data will give a valuable input to the fresh‐cut fruits industry.
A Cultural‐Asset Framework for Investigating Successful Adaptation to Stress in African American Youth
Authors: Gaylord‐Harden Noni K. , Burrow Anthony L. , Cunningham Jamila A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to present a culturally situated, asset‐based developmental framework for understanding successful adaptation to stress. Making use of theory and research on differential exposure and reactivity to racial discrimination, it introduces a framework that can be used to investigate positive development in the context of other stressors. Toward this goal, the article highlights research related to the roles of racial socialization messages, racial identity, stress appraisals, and unique coping in influencing responses to racial discrimination. By integrating these themes, the article presents an asset‐based framework for understanding how these components influence one another and can function together to promote positive youth development in the context of racial discrimination. Ultimately, it also illustrates how the framework can be applied to other stressors that are experienced by African American youth and offers examples of how cultural assets work to promote positive youth development.
Aided Symbol‐Infused Joint Engagement
Authors: Benigno Joann P. , McCarthy John W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWhen characterizing the social communication skills of children with developmental and physical disabilities, researchers may need to account for special considerations, particularly if the children have severe communication disabilities. These children may require means other than spoken language to communicate their needs and thoughts to others if their communication needs are unmet through natural speech production. These means or forms of communication are known as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This article discusses aided symbol‐infused joint engagement, a form of joint attention that might be useful when characterizing the joint engagement states of children with communication difficulties who require the use of AAC. The theoretical, empirical, and clinical implications of aided symbol‐infused joint engagement are discussed.
‘Moving On’: The Politics of Shared Society in Northern Ireland
Authors: McGrattan Cillian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDebates over the direction of the Northern Irish peace process have moved from decommissioning and all‐party inclusion to community relations and whether society is becoming more or less integrated and shared. This article contends that what is missing from this debate is consideration of the fact that a process of de‐politicisation is occurring – specifically, inspired by a progressivist imperative, political discourse and engagement are increasingly moving from the public sphere to more privatised concerns. I argue that that vision does not speak to the trauma of the past and that the silencings, limitations, and dilemmas it leads to are most lucidly seen in recent Northern Irish drama productions. I conclude by sketching an alternative ethical vision based on an attachment to remembering historical injustices and a repudiation of the social pressure to draw a line under the past.
Bound from Head to Toe: The Sari as an Expression of Gendered National Identity
Authors: Wilton Shauna 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article explores the clothing choices of Indian women and the relationship between clothing and the construction of the nation in contemporary India. Building on the existing literature on nationalism, combined with feminist and cultural studies approaches, the article uses interviews with young Indian women as an entry point into exploring the symbolic role of women and the sari within Indian nationalism. In doing so, this article questions to what extent choosing what to wear is an example of choosing the nation, whether it is a free and conscious choice, and whether it is appropriate to see these choices as constitutive of national identity or merely ornamental. In conclusion, I argue that something as ordinary as choosing what to wear has the potential to undermine dominant discourses surrounding the nation. While choosing to wear the sari does not always reflect a conscious choosing of the Indian nation, the clothing choices of Indian women do allow them to navigate complex social and cultural identities in their everyday lives and reflect the importance of the ‘everyday’ within theorising and explaining the construction and maintenance of nations.
Moving the Nation: Taking the Smithsonian to Scotland
Authors: Bucciantini Alima 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTemporary exhibitions in national museums provide a window into the ways in which national identity is performed. When one national museum is presented in the space of another nation, the changes of narrative and performance are even more vivid. Looking at a 1984 exhibition of American artefacts in Scotland, Treasures from the Smithsonian Institution at the Royal Scottish Museum, this article examines how material culture can hold ever‐changing narratives of nation and identity, and how they alter to suit new contexts and spaces.
The (Re‐)Construction of ‘National Identity’ through Selective Memory and Mass Ritual Discourse: The Chilean Centenary, 1910
Authors: Tjaden Jasper Dag 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSocial constructivist theories regard the nation as ‘imagined’ (Anderson), ‘invented’ (Hobsbawm and Ranger), and ‘narrated’ (Bhabha). National narratives use mass rituals, performances, and selective national history to reinvigorate collective identity. This article examines the 1910 centennial festivities in Chile as a collective and discursive quest for national identity in a changing society longing for stability. The article uses a discourse analysis approach to study a series of Chilean national history abstracts and coverage of the centennial festivities as presented in Zig‐Zag, the most relevant political magazine at the time. The study finds that selective memory and mass ritual discourse are a constitutive part of national identity. Through the process of selective memory, the sources depict Chilean history as a series of linear, coherent, and meaningful events to foster collective identification with the nation. The images of mass ritual discourse of the centennial celebrations reinforce common national characteristics and confidence in the nation. Mass performances provide emotional self‐affirmation and an endowment of meaning for individuals within their national group as they restage current national membership with reference to a common past. The study identifies themes of national representation along which the nation is narrated, and suggests that this typology can be generalised beyond the case of Chile. In doing so, this article underscores the need for further research on the concept of discursive national identity formation and its relevance in contemporary politics.
Towards validation of use of an Australian reference database for the diagnosis of osteoporosis with DXA
Authors: Wong Joseph C H , Travers Catherine , O'Neill Sheila , Khoo Soo Keat 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Bone densitometry in Australia uses the data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study for conversion of bone mineral density (BMD) to T‐scores to diagnose osteoporosis based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria. An underlying assumption is that the bone status of women in Geelong city is representative of the rest of Australia. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis of sample Brisbane women to Geelong, and to assess the validity of the Geelong reference database for Australia‐wide application.Methods: The subjects were recruited as part of a longitudinal assessment of age‐related changes in a random sample of women from Brisbane. The sample consisted of 503 women, aged between 40 and 79 years. Each subject had BMD measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck.Results: Using the WHO osteoporosis classification criteria based on T‐scores, and the BMD cut‐offs from the Geelong Study, the prevalence of normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis was determined for the following age groupings, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69 and 70–79, to match the Geelong Study for comparison. There were no systematic differences in the prevalence of normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis in the Brisbane subjects compared to the Geelong Study.Conclusion: This finding supports the use of the Geelong data as the reference for the generation of T‐scores for bone densitometry assessment for osteoporosis using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in Australia.
Ultrasound study of liver disease caused by Schistosoma mansoni in rural Zambian schoolchildren
Authors: Strahan Rodney , Chiyesu Kan' ombi , Schneider‐Kolsky Michal E 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni‐related liver disease in school‐age children who live beside the Zambezi River in the Chitokoloki district, North Western Province, Zambia.Methods: Liver ultrasounds of school students from the Chitokoloki day school, grades 1–12, were performed. Liver patterns, periportal branch wall thickening and portal hypertension were assessed to evaluate the presence of liver fibrosis due to S. mansoni infection. To obtain incidence rates of acute disease, stool specimens were examined from a subgroup for the presence of S. mansoni eggs using the formol detergent sedimentation technique.Results: Of 976 enrolled students, 764 (78.2%) were examined by ultrasound. Of those, 284 (37.2%) had findings indicative of periportal fibrosis on ultrasound. Stool specimen were collected from 414 (54%) students of which six (1.5%) were positive for S. mansoni eggs.Conclusion: School students living along the Zambezi River, Zambia have a relatively high prevalence of S. mansoni‐related liver disease. These findings suggest that all schoolchildren in this area should receive treatment against S. mansoni.
Evaluation of visual field parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Demir Helin Deniz , İnönü Handan , Kurt Semiha , Doruk Sibel , Aydın Erdinc , Etikan İlker 
Published: April 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on retina and optic nerve.Methods:  Thirty‐eight patients with COPD and 29 healthy controls, totally 67 subjects, were included in the study. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) and visual field assessment (both standard achromatic perimetry (SAP) and short‐wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP)) were performed on each subject after ophthalmological, neurological and pulmonary examinations.Results:  Mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD) and corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) were significantly different between patient and control groups as for both SAP and SWAP measurements (p = 0.001, 0.019, 0.009 and p = 0.004,0.019, 0.031, respectively). Short‐term fluctuation (SF) was not statistically different between the study and the control groups (p = 0.874 and 0.694, respectively). VEP P100 latencies were significantly different between patients with COPD and the controls (p = 0.019).Conclusion:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a systemic disease, and hypoxia in COPD seems to affect the retina and the optic nerve.
Suppression of autophagy sensitizes Kupffer cells to endotoxin
Authors: Fukada Hiroo , Yamashina Shunhei , Izumi Kousuke , Komatsu Masaaki , Tanaka Keiji , Ikejima Kenichi , Watanabe Sumio 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  Recent evidence suggests that protein degradation system autophagy is implicated in a component of innate immunity. We report here that suppression of autophagy in Kupffer cells due to hepatic steatosis enhances an inflammatory response to endotoxin.Methods:  Kupffer cells were isolated from C57BL/6J mice fed chow diet (control) or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, liver‐specific autophagy‐deficient mice (Atg7F/F:Mx1‐Cre) and wild‐type mice (Atg7F/F). Kupffer cells were incubated with 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in media was measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Expression of Toll‐like receptor (TLR)4, IκB kinase (IKK)‐α/β, p38, p62 and LC3 in Kupffer cells was evaluated by western blot analysis.Results:  Incubation with LPS increased LC3‐II expression of Kupffer cells from control mice; however, an increase in LC3‐II expression due to LPS was suppressed in Kupffer cells from HFD mice. Moreover, both p62 expression and TNF‐α production in Kupffer cells from HFD mice was higher than control mice. On the other hand, LPS exposure increased TNF‐α production from autophagy‐deficient Kupffer cells more than wild type. There was no significant difference in expression of TLR4 between wild and autophagy‐deficient Kupffer cells. Nevertheless, activation of p38 or IKK in Kupffer cells due to LPS was augmented by autophagy deficiency. The addition of the p38 inhibitor SB203580 attenuated TNF‐α production in both wild and autophagy‐deficient Kupffer cells.Conclusion:  These results suggest that suppression of autophagy observed in Kupffer cells from steatotic liver sensitizes to endotoxin. In conclusion, suppression of autophagy may play a pivotal role on progression of NAFLD.
Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of the Electroencephalogram in Normal Horses After Sedation
Authors: Williams D.C. , Aleman M. , Tharp B. , Fletcher D.J. , Kass P.H. , Steffey E.P. , LeCouteur R.A. , Holliday T.A. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundThe administration of certain sedatives has been shown to promote sleep in humans. Related agents induce sleep‐like behavior when administered to horses. Interpretation of electroencephalograms (EEGs) obtained from sedated horses should take into account background activity, presence of sleep‐related EEG events, and the animal's behavior.HypothesisSedatives induce states of vigilance that are indistinguishable on EEGs from those that occur naturally.AnimalsSix healthy horses.MethodsDigital EEG with video was recorded after administration of 1 of 4 sedatives (acepromazine, butorphanol, xylazine, or detomidine). Serum drug concentrations were measured. Recordings were reviewed, states were identified, and representative EEG samples were analysed. These data were compared with data previously obtained during a study of natural sleep.ResultsButorphanol was associated with brief episodes resembling slow wave sleep in 1 horse. Acepromazine led to SWS in 3 horses, including 1 that also exhibited rapid eye movement sleep. Periods of SWS were observed in all horses afer xylazine or detomidine administration. Normal sleep‐related EEG events and heart block, occurred in association with SWS regardless of which sedative was used. Spectral data varied primarily by state, but some differences were observed between sedative and natural data.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceQualitatively, EEG findings appeared identical whether sedation‐induced or naturally occurring. The startle response and heart block associated with some sedatives may be related to sleep. Alpha2 agonists can be used to obtain high quality EEGs in horses, but acepromazine does not promote a relaxed state in all animals.
BartonellaSpecies Antibodies and Hyperglobulinemia in Privately Owned Cats
Authors: Whittemore J.C. , Hawley J.R. , Radecki S.V. , Steinberg J.D. , Lappin M.R. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundBartonellaspecies are zoonotic agents and primary pathogens in cats. Hyperglobulinemia has been associated with bartonellosis in humans and cats.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate for associations betweenBartonellaspecies immunoglobulinG(IgG) antibodies and serum biochemistry panel results in privately owned cats.Animals1,477 privately owned cats.MethodsResidual sera were collected after biochemical evaluation for this prospective, cross‐sectional serosurvey.BartonellaspeciesIgG ELISAwas performed with a cutoff value of ≥1 : 64. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed with the endpoint titer as the outcome variable. The final statistical model included age, albumin,ALPactivity,ALTactivity, bilirubin, creatinine, glucose, and globulin as covariates. Serum protein electrophoresis was performed with serum from 50 cats with and without antibodies toBartonellaspecies and hyperglobulinemia. Sera from cats seropositive toBartonellaspecies and with hyperglobulinemia were assessed for evidence of exposure to other infectious agents associated with hyperglobulinemia.ResultsRisk of seropositivity toBartonellaspecies was positively associated with the natural log of globulin concentration (OR = 11.90, 95%CI6.15–23.02,P < .0001), and inversely associated with the natural log of glucose concentration (OR = 0.66, 95%CI0.50–0.87,P = .004). Another explanation for hyperglobulinemia was not identified for most cats withBartonellaspecies antibodies. Hyperglobulinemia was primarily caused by polyclonal gammopathy in cats that were seronegative and seropositive forBartonellaspecies.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHyperglobulinemia was significantly associated with seropositivity toBartonellaspecies. Testing for bartonellosis is warranted in cats with unexplained hyperglobulinemia and clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of bartonellosis.
The Influence of Esomeprazole and Cisapride on Gastroesophageal Reflux During Anesthesia in Dogs
Authors: Zacuto A.C. , Marks S.L. , Osborn J. , Douthitt K.L. , Hollingshead K.L. , Hayashi K. , Kapatkin A.S. , Pypendop B.H. , Belafsky P.C. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in anesthetized dogs and can cause esophagitis, esophageal stricture, and aspiration pneumonia.ObjectiveTo determine whether preanestheticIVadministration of esomeprazole alone or esomeprazole and cisapride increases esophagealpHand decreases the frequency ofGERin anesthetized dogs using combined multichannel impedance andpHmonitoring.AnimalsSixty‐one healthy dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery procedures.MethodsProspective, randomized, placebo‐controlled study. Dogs were randomized to receiveIVsaline (0.9%NaCl), esomeprazole (1 mg/kg) alone, or a combination of esomeprazole (1 mg/kg) and cisapride (1 mg/kg) 12–18 hours and 1–1.5 hours before anesthetic induction. An esophagealpH/impedance probe was utilized to measure esophagealpHand detectGER.ResultsEight of 21 dogs in the placebo group (38.1%), 8 of 22 dogs in the esomeprazole group (36%), and 2 of 18 dogs in the combined esomeprazole and cisapride group (11%) had ≥1 episode ofGERon impedance testing during anesthesia (P < .05). Esomeprazole was associated with a significant increase in gastric and esophagealpH(P = .001), but the drug did not significantly decrease the frequency ofGER(P = .955). Concurrent administration of cisapride was associated with a significant decrease in the number of reflux events (RE) compared to the placebo and esomeprazole groups (P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical RelevancePreanesthetic administration of cisapride and esomeprazole decreases the number ofREin anesthetized dogs, but administration of esomeprazole alone was associated with nonacid and weakly acidic reflux in all but 1 dog.
Mitral valve and tricuspid valve dysplasia in a 9‐week‐old Standardbred colt
Authors: Duz M. , Philbey A. W. , Hughes K. J. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryA 9‐week‐old Standardbred colt was presented for investigation of dull demeanour, exercise intolerance and heart murmurs. Cardiac auscultation revealed a grade 5/6 holosystolic murmur and a grade 5/6 pansystolic murmur over the left and right cardiac apex respectively, and an irregularly irregular cardiac rhythm. Electrocardiographic examination findings were consistent with atrial fibrillation and tachycardia. Echocardiographic examination identified marked atrioventricular regurgitation and atrial dilation bilaterally, thickening of the mitral and tricuspid valves and dilation of the pulmonary artery consistent with pulmonary hypertension. No ventricular or atrial septal defect was present. Cardiomegaly and diffuse pulmonary oedema were evident on examination of lateral thoracic radiographs. Dysplasia of the mitral and tricuspid valves, eccentric cardiomegaly and pulmonary oedema were confirmed by post mortem examination. Dysplasia of the atrioventricular valves represents a rare cause of biventricular failure in the horse.
The use of nuclear imaging for a mixed C cell microfollicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland in a mature horse
Authors: Saulez M. N. , Viljoen A. , Kafka U. , Rubio‐Martinez L. , van Wilpe E. , Steyl J. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryA 15‐year‐old Boerperd stallion presented for thyroid enlargement associated with inappetance. Ultrasonographic examination of the thyroid gland revealed an enlarged left lobe, which, on cytological examination, contained numerous anaplastic cells. A mixed C cell microfollicular thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed following histopathological examination of the excisional biopsy specimen. In order to determine metastasis, pulmonary radiographs revealed a poorly‐marginated soft tissue opacity caudo‐dorsal to the cardiac silhouette. Thyroid and pulmonary scintigraphy was performed comparing99mTc‐sestamibi with99mTc‐pertechnetate and no metastasis was detectable. Following hemithyroidectomy, the stallion made a full recovery without the need for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Six months later, repeated thyroid and pulmonary scintigraphy using99mTc‐sestamibi was normal.