bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Hf4+ Ion Conductivity in a NASICON-Type Solid
Authors: Nunotani Naoyoshi , Sawada Masayuki , Tamura Shinji , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Tetravalent hafnium ion conducting solid electrolytes with a NASICON-type structure, HfNbP3−xVxO12 and Hf1−y/4NbP3−yWyO12, were developed by partially replacing the P5+ site in a HfNb(PO4)3 solid with larger V5+ or W6+ ions. Although the Hf4+ ion conductivity monotonically increased with increasing V content in the HfNbP3−xVxO12 solids, the electronic conduction appeared to be due to the valence change of V5+. In contrast, the Hf1−y/4NbP3−yWyO12 series maintained a high ionic transference number, above 0.995 for single-phase NASICON-type samples (y ≤ 0.15). The optimum lattice volume for Hf4+ conduction was determined to be 1.482 nm3, which was obtained for samples with x = 0.1 or y = 0.05. The Hf395/400NbP2.95W0.05O12 solid, which contains the higher valence W6+ ion rather than the V5+ ion, showed the highest conductivity of 2.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 600 °C, approximately 2.5 times that of HfNb(PO4)3.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Dinuclear and Hexanuclear Copper(II) Complexes with Cyclam-Based Macrocyclic Ligands Having Four Schiff-Base Pendant Arms
Authors: Wada Shusaku , Saka Koki , Yoshioka Daisuke , Mikuriya Masahiro 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Reaction of a series of dodecadentate ligands (H4L), 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(salicylideneaminoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and its substituted derivatives, with copper(II) salts afforded dinuclear copper(II) complexes, [Cu2L], which were characterized by IR and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, and temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibilities (4.5–300 K). Single-crystal X-ray crystallography of these complexes revealed that each copper(II) ion is bound by the chelating of the two Schiff-base pendant arms outside the central tetraazacyclotetradecane ring forming a distorted square plane with an intramolecular Cu–Cu distance of 8.692(2)–8.949(2) Å. In accordance with the crystal structures, the magnetic interaction between the two copper(II) atoms is very weak. In the case of 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(3-methoxysalicylideneaminoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (H4tmsaec), a hexanuclear complex with a crystallographic inversion center, [Cu6(O2CCH3)8(tmsaec)], was isolated. In the asymmetric unit, one copper atom is bonded to one pendant arm and two copper atoms are bound to another pendant arm with the methoxy group of the Schiff-base moiety with the Cu–Cu distance of 3.096(1) Å, giving a novel system containing monodentate, bidentate, and bridging acetate ions in the same molecule. Magnetic susceptibility data shows that a weak antiferromagnetic interaction is operating between the closest two copper atoms.
DNA-Binding Hemoproteins Tethering Polyamine Interface
Authors: Onoda Akira , Nagai Hirokazu , Koga Satoe , Hayashi Takashi 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Artificial prosthetic groups tethering a polyamine moiety at the terminal of two peripheral heme–propionate side chains as a molecular interface were inserted into apocytochrome b562 to provide positively charged reconstituted hemoproteins, which exhibit a strong binding with double-stranded DNA.
TCL1 Protein Expression in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Lau Sean K. , Weiss Lawrence M. , Chu Peiguo G. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We immunohistochemically studied TCL1 protein expression in different histologic types of 63 testicular germ cell tumors: 23 seminomas, 14 embryonal carcinomas, 4 teratomas, 2 yolk sac tumors, and 20 mixed germ cell tumors. The 20 mixed germ cell tumors contained components of seminoma (n = 10), embryonal carcinoma (n = 18), teratoma (n = 16), yolk sac tumor (n = 7), and choriocarcinoma (n = 3). We also examined 40 cases of intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified type (IGCNU). Positive immunoreactivity for TCL1 was observed in 91% of the seminoma samples (30/33) and all IGCNU cases. In contrast, no TCL1 expression was detected among the nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. In the context of testicular germ cell neoplasia, the presence of TCL1 protein appears restricted to IGCNU and seminoma, suggesting association with an undifferentiated state and loss of protein expression with tumor differentiation. Immunohistochemical evaluation of TCL1 expression may have usefulness in substantiating a diagnosis of IGCNU or seminoma and in the separation of seminoma from nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.
What men really want: A qualitative investigation of men's health needs from the Halton and St Helens Primary Care Trust men's health promotion project
Authors: Coles Rebecca , Watkins Francine , Swami Viren , Jones Susan , Woolf Susan , Stanistreet Debbi 
Published: April 2010

Objective. Although a number of recent health promotion interventions targeted at men have recognized the plurality of masculinities and adopted multifaceted approaches, in the main there continues to be a reliance on stereotypes of gendered behaviour that focus on hegemonic masculinities and a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach to health care. The present study sought to overcome this limitation.Design. The present study used a qualitative design, in which data were analysed using framework analysis.Method. A total of 82 middle‐aged and older men, in a socially deprived area of Britain, took part in focus groups about health promotion.Results. Analysis of focus group transcripts revealed four key themes: (1) that the ‘doing’ of gender in relation to health must be seen as contingent and in constant flux; (2) that, despite stereotypes of typical behaviour, men were keen to engage with health care services; (3) that men felt there were a number of barriers to help seeking, but generally welcomed the opportunity to discuss their health care needs, and; (4) that they were keen to see the above themes translated into directed advertising and health information for men.Conclusion. These results have practical implications for the way in which health promotion interventions target men, which we discuss in conclusion.
Die DDR der italienischen Linken. Erfindung und Entzauberung einer kulturellen Projektion
Authors: Martini Magda 
Published: April 2010

Vorspann
Die kommunistischen Brüder und Schwestern taten sich schwer miteinander. Die italienischen Kommunisten erblickten in der DDR ein anderes „besseres“ Deutschland, mit dem sie in regen kulturellen Austausch treten wollten, während die SED in der KPI einen Partner sah, der ihr den Weg in den Westen und zu internationaler Anerkennung ebnen sollte. Die Enttäuschung konnte größer kaum sein, wie Magda Martini, eine junge Historikerin aus Trient, zu zeigen vermag. Die italienischen Intellektuellen störten sich am offiziellen Kulturmief der DDR und favorisierten schließlich die ostdeutsche Dissidenz vor allem in der Literatur, und die SED wetterte gegen die Verbürgerlichung der KPI und gegen den Eurokommunismus, der gegen alles verstieß, was in Ostberlin als heilig galt.
Hitlers Dschihad. Nationalsozialistische Rundfunkpropaganda für Nordafrika und den Nahen Osten
Authors: Herf Jeffrey 
Published: April 2010

Vorspann
Das nationalsozialistische Deutschland hatte im Ausland nicht nur Feinde. Charakteristisch für nicht wenige seiner auswärtigen Sympathisanten war freilich der Umstand, dass sie die Praxis nationalsozialistischer Politik nie kennenlernen sollten. Auf die großen Sympathien, die etwa in der panarabischen Bewegung zu finden waren, hat die deutsche Führung geschickt und skrupellos reagiert. Die deutschen Rundfunksendungen für die arabische Welt, bislang weitgehend unbekannt, sind dafür ein aufschlussreicher Beleg. Jeffrey Herf präsentiert einen faszinierenden Quellenfund, der nicht nur historiographische Bedeutung besitzt.
Acute exogenous TSH administration stimulates leptin secretion in vivo
Authors: Santini Ferruccio , Galli Giulia , Maffei Margherita , Fierabracci Paola , Pelosini Caterina , Marsili Alessandro , Giannetti Monica , Castagna Maria Grazia , Checchi Serenella , Molinaro Eleonora , Piaggi Paolo , Pacini Furio , Elisei Rossella , Vitti Paolo , Pinchera Aldo 
Published: April 2010

TSH-receptor (TSHR) has been found in a variety of cell types, including preadipocytes and adipocytes.In vitro, TSH-mediated preadipocyte and adipocyte responses include proliferation, differentiation, survival, and lipolysis.ObjectiveTo measure the response of serum leptin to exogenous administration of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH)in vivo.PatientsOne hundred patients with differentiated thyroid cancer already treated by total thyroidectomy and131I remnant ablation were enrolled. Mean (±s.e.m.) body mass index (BMI) was 26.9±0.6 kg/m2.MethodsPatients received a standard dose of rhTSH for measurement of thyroglobulin in the follow-up of their disease. Blood samples were taken for the assay of TSH and leptin before the first administration of rhTSH (time 0), and 24 h (time 1), 48 h (time 2), 72 h (time 3), and 96 h (time 4) after the first administration of rhTSH.ResultsSignificant mean serum leptin increments, with respect to basal value, were 16, 13, 18, and 11% at times 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Significant positive correlations of leptin–area under the curve with respect to basal leptin levels (r=0.43;P<0.0001) and BMI (r=0.32;P<0.005) were observed.ConclusionsAcute rhTSH administration in hypothyroid subjects underl-thyroxine therapy produces a rise in serum leptin. This increase is proportional to the adipose mass suggesting that a functioning TSHR is expressed on the surface of adipocytes. The role that TSHR activation in adipocytes might play in physiological and pathological conditions remains a matter of investigation.
Diabetes Goes to Work: Helping Your Patients Access the Protections of the Americans with Disabilities Act
Authors: Thomas Victoria L. , Lorber Daniel 
Published: April 2010

IN BRIEF
The passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act makes it clearer than ever that people with diabetes are protected from discrimination in a variety of settings, including the workplace. Health care professionals must play a central role in enabling patients with diabetes to assert the right to work free from discrimination and to manage diabetes in the workplace. This article provides concrete guidance to health care professionals on how to document to an employer that a patient with diabetes 1) is protected by the Americans with Disabilities Act, 2) is qualified for an employment opportunity, and 3) requires changes in the workplace to enable the worker to manage his or her diabetes.
A survey of reasons why veterinarians enter rural veterinary practice in the United States
Authors: Villarroel Aurora , McDonald Stephen R. , Walker William L. , Kaiser Lana , Dewell Reneé D. , Dewell Grant A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Objective—To identify factors associated with interest in or choosing a career in rural veterinary practice (RVP).
Design—Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Sample Population—Veterinarians and veterinary students in the United States.
Procedures—Veterinary students and veterinarians in any area of practice were solicited to participate in an online survey through invitation letters sent to various veterinary associations. Proportions of respondents assigning high importance to various factors were analyzed for differences among gender, age, and background groups.
Results—1,216 responses were received. In general, survey respondents indicated that RVP could be characterized as the practice of veterinary medicine in any community where agriculture represented a significant part of the local economy. Responses also indicated that RVP should not be confused with large animal or food animal exclusive practice. Most respondents (38.9%) developed an interest in RVP early in life (before 8th grade), with 13.0% reportedly developing their interest in RVP during veterinary school. The most highly ranked factors with regard to influence on developing an interest in RVP were having relatives with a farm background, having a veterinarian in RVP as a mentor, and exposure to RVP during veterinary school. Gender, generational category, background (rural vs urban), and livestock experience were significantly associated with when respondents developed an interest in RVP and with factors important in developing that interest.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggested that various factors are associated with interest in and choosing a career in RVP. These factors should be considered when strategies for increasing interest and encouraging careers in RVP are planned.
Biometrical analysis of an urban population of the Blackbird (Turdus merula) in Szczecin in Poland
Authors: Wysocki Dariusz 
Published: April 2010

Biometrical analysis of an urban population of the Blackbird (Turdus merula) in Szczecin in Poland
In years 1996-2001, a biometrical investigation of an urban population of the Blackbird was conducted in two parks of Szczecin. Altogether, 388 birds were measured, including 191 females and 197 males. Adult females were bigger than young females (in all analysed parameters). Among males there were differences in wing, tail and total head lengths. In both sexes the strongest correlation occurred between wing and tail measurements and between bill and total head lengths. The body mass of females did not depend on their age and was not changing significantly in the course of year. However, in the case of males the young birds were lighter than the adults. Moreover, the males caught in winter were heavier than those caught in spring.
Seasonal migration pattern of owls at Bukowo-Kopań station (N Poland) in 2000-2003
Authors: Michalonek Damiana , Busse Wojciech , Busse Przemysław 
Published: April 2010

Seasonal migration pattern of owls at Bukowo-Kopań station (N Poland) in 2000-2003
Data were collected at the Operation Baltic stations and included over 2000 owls caught and ringed at Bukowo-Kopań station in autumns 2000-2003. Birds were caught with raptor nets, ringed and measured according to the Operation Baltic standards.
The Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) is the most numerous migrant at Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. Migration of this species has wave-like pattern with few nights of very high owl numbers after nights without these birds. Amount of migrants changes decidedly from year to year. This is a result of fluctuations associated with small mammal populations dynamics. Other owl species pass Bukowo-Kopań station in rather low numbers. We can distinguish two groups of owl species according to terms of passage peaks. Both the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) and the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) migrate in the highest numbers generally at the same time as the Long-eared Owl, i.e. at the beginning of November. Correlation is in most cases statistically significant. On the contrary, the migration pattern of the Tengmalm's Owl (Aegolius funereus) is conspicuously different. Passage maximum of this species occurs at the beginning of October and by 25 October the passage is almost finished. But even then individuals that migrate later are caught during the same migration peaks as the Long-eared Owl.
Obtained results indicate that the passage of different owls is similar to the most numerous and typical migrant species - the Long-eared Owl. Other species choose the same nights for passage, which suggests that some common factors influencing owl migration exist.
Influence of macrosynoptic weather situation on the autumn migration of birds in Hungary
Authors: Gyurácz József , Horváth Gábor , Csörgõ Tibor , Bank László , Palkó Sándor 
Published: April 2010

Influence of macrosynoptic weather situation on the autumn migration of birds in Hungary
In the study we have examined the relation between the European macrosynoptic weather situation and the number of birds captured a day at four Hungarian ringing stations during the autumn migration. Along the research we examined the data of 32 809 individuals of 8 species using different migration strategies. Using the daily capture data at the four stations we constructed the migration diagrams for each year. We chose the migration peak days within ten-day periods and examined how these peak days or their preceding days are distributed over Péczely's macrosynoptic weather situations. Comparing the 8 bird species no significant difference in distribution of the peak days over the macrosynoptic weather situations was found (ANOVA: F7,376
= 1.81, p = 0.084). 85% of the migration peak days for all the species were connected with anticyclones, 10% with meridional cyclone / cold front situation and 5% with other cyclonic ones. The most frequent weather situation on the migration peak days was central anticyclone, which occurred in 61 cases.
Directional preferences of the Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and the Sedge Warbler (A. schoenobaenus) on autumn migration at Lake Drużno (N Poland)
Authors: Formella Magdalena , Busse Przemysław 
Published: April 2010

Directional preferences of the Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and the Sedge Warbler (A. schoenobaenus) on autumn migration at Lake Drużno (N Poland)
In 2000, during the whole autumn migration period, Reed Warblers (212 indiv.) and Sedge Warblers (205 indiv.) were tested with Busse's method (Busse 1995) for directional behaviour at Lake Drużno ringing site. Distributions of scratches, reflecting cage activity of an individual, were tested for uniformity and more than 97% showed directional behaviour of tested birds. The data were elaborated using non-standard method for evaluation of circular data proposed by Busse and Trocińska (1999) that allows to show multi-modal distributions.
Results show that as much as around 55% of obtained headings point at directions reversed in relation to the normal direction of autumn migration. They suggest that pronounced number of individuals show axial behaviour in the cage. Causes of this phenomenon are still vague and it was decided that directional behaviour will be discussed after reversing northward headings by the doubling the angle method (adding 180°). Then main directions of headings were set as WSW, SSW and SE. They were confronted with available ringing recovery data and quite high (10-12° difference) or even very high (WSW "beam" of migration of Reed Warblers - 5° difference) accordance was found. Using, for the comparison, the same method to the Lesser Whitethroat (Sylvia curruca) data published elsewhere, an excellent agreement between cage data and ringing recoveries at the level 2° only was found. This can be treated as a check of the field and evaluation methods used for basic data presented in the paper. The heading pattern changed in the course of autumn migration and in subsequent periods different headings dominated. The most clear it was for the Reed Warbler data. However, this problem still needs further analyses.
Variation of morphometric parameters within the Savi's Warbler (Locustella luscinioides) population in eastern Poland
Authors: Nowakowski Jacek 
Published: April 2010

Variation of morphometric parameters within the Savi's Warbler (Locustella luscinioides) population in eastern Poland
Characteristics of the intra-populational variation of morphological parameters in the Savi's Warbler is based on measurements of 512 individuals caught in the breeding seasons of 1989-1998 in the Bagno Ławki peatbog (the southern basin of the Biebrza river valley). In the studied population, adult Savi's Warblers had longer and more rounded wing, longer tail and larger body mass than young individuals. Moreover, significant differences in the length of allula and 1st primary were found between these age classes. The range of wing length noted in this population, with the maximum value of 78 mm, distinctly exceeded the range of this parameter described for European populations of the Savi's Warbler. The average lengths of wing, tail allula and tarsus were distinctly higher in males than in females. Sexes did not differ in body mass, Kipp's distance and wing pointedness index. In the studied population, a distinct long-term variability of tail length, Kipp's distance, wing-tip pointedness index and tarsus length was found in young birds. In adults such variability was found only in tarsus length. The paper discusses possible reasons for the long-term variability of studied parameters.
Orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos) in northern Italy: cage and release experiments under overcast conditions
Authors: Huttunen Markku 
Published: April 2010

Orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos) in northern Italy: cage and release experiments under overcast conditions
The autumn orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes at different periods around sunset were recorded in northern Italy using orientation cages and release experiments, mostly under overcast skies. The aim of the experiments was to examine the importance of timing and energetic condition for the orientation and relative migratory activity of Song Thrushes located close to the wintering area. The data demonstrate that the birds tested during sunset showed a mean orientation that coincided with the average sunset azimuth. The birds that were tested after sunset chose headings towards the south, significantly different from tests at sunset, showing oriented Zugunruhe in visually cueless situations. Lean migrants in funnel cages displayed relatively more activity than migrants with larger fat stores, but they also showed more scattered directional choices. A bird's energetic state did seem to affect the likelihood of undertaking night migration. Test birds with relatively small fat reserves at release were more likely to perform landing flights than birds with larger fat deposits. Although nocturnal passerine migrants generally show well-oriented responses only shortly after sunset, both cage and release experiments 1-2 h after sunset indicate that timing may not be critical for the initial orientation of Song Thrushes. However, cage tests performed before sunset resulted in more unclear responses by the test birds than tests performed after sunset.
Population dependence in the interactions with neighbors for pollination: A field experiment with Taraxacum officinale
Authors: Lázaro Amparo , Totland Ørjan 
Published: April 2010

• Premise of the study. The fitness of plants depends on their immediate biotic and abiotic environmental surroundings. The floral neighborhood of individual plants is part of this immediate environment and affects the frequency and behavior of their pollinators. However, the interactions among plants for pollination might differ among populations because populations differ in floral densities and pollinator assemblages. Despite that, manipulative experiments of the floral neighborhood in different populations with a specific focus on pollinator behavior are still rare.• Methods. We introduced mixtures of two species (Salvia farinacae and Tagetes bonanza) in two populations of Taraxacum officinale and examined their effect on pollinators’ foraging behavior on Taraxacum.• Key results. The effects of the heterospecific neighborhood differed among pollinator groups and between the two populations. Only honeybees consistently preferred both the most diverse (containing three species) and completely pure patches of Taraxacum in both populations. We found a strong and positive effect of patch diversity on visitation to Taraxacum in one population, whereas in the other population either no effect or a negative effect of plant diversity occurred, which we attribute to differences between populations in the ratio of pollinators to inflorescences. Pollinator visitation consistently increased with local Taraxacum density in both populations.• Conclusions. Our study shows that a similar local neighborhood can differentially affect the frequency and foraging behavior of pollinators, even in closely situated populations. Experimental studies conducted in several populations would contribute to determine which factors drive the variation in pollination interactions among populations.