bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Relationship between Diet and Exercise Beliefs and Actual Behaviors among Breast Cancer Survivors in Northwest Ohio
Authors: Weiner Jeffrey G. , Jordan Timothy R. , Thompson Amy J. , Fink Brian N. 
Published: November 2010

IntroductionStudies have shown that a diet high in fruit and vegetable intake, as well as a routine including daily exercise or physical activity, can independently affect relapse rates and survivorship in breast cancer patients. Fruits and vegetables contain powerful anti-oxidant molecules, capable of preventing tumor formation and proliferation. Exercise can lower circulating levels of estrogen, the female hormone responsible for tumor proliferation in the estrogen-sensitive form of the disease. The most beneficial results have been shown in women who exercise and consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. We studied the attitudes towards and behaviors related to fruit and vegetable intake and exercise in a cohort of breast cancer survivors in northwest Ohio.Materials and MethodsData were gathered from a survey sent out by the Northwest Ohio Branch of the Susan G. Komen For the Cure Foundation. We assessed and evaluated survivors’ self-reported beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors regarding exercise and fruit and vegetable intake.ResultsNearly half of the survivors (46.5%) reported being unsure or in disagreement with the statement “Eating at least 5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables per day will reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence.” Only 46.8% of those in agreement with the previous statement actually report eating at least 5 fruits and/or vegetables per day. With respect to exercise, 32.9% reported being unsure or in disagreement with the statement “Engaging in regular physical activity will reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence.” Only 68.5% of those in agreement with the previous statement report any physical activity in the past 30 days.ConclusionsMany breast cancer survivors do not appear to be aware of the benefits of diet and exercise. Further, a large proportion of those who are aware of the benefits do not adapt a healthy diet and exercise as part of their lifestyle. A majority of these survivors see a primary care physician, which we believe is the best venue to bridge this education gap. It is apparent by the pattern our data shows that more needs to be done to educate breast cancer survivors about the benefits of exercise and fruit and vegetable intake. Steps need to be taken to ensure that those who are educated also remain motivated to engage in a healthy lifestyle with the hopes of avoiding breast cancer recurrence.
A Review of Intervention Studies That Seek to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening among African-Americans
Authors: Powe Barbara D. , Faulkenberry Rachel , Harmond Lokie 
Published: November 2010

Objective. The purpose of this paper is to critically review intervention studies that aimed to increase African-Americans' participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Data Source. Potential studies were identified using a combination of key words in five computerized databases. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Articles were selected if they met all of the inclusion criteria: (1) The study's purpose was to test an intervention to increase CRC screening. (2) At least 50% of the sample was African-American. (3) The study focused on individuals 50 years and older. (4) The study was published between 2000 and 2008. Data Extraction. Abstracts and reference lists were scanned to determine relevance and a copy of the article was obtained. Data Synthesis. Data from each study were extracted and placed in a matrix for synthesis. Results. Interventions focused on recruitment from health care centers, churches, housing projects, and senior centers. Both direct and indirect strategies were used to identify the barriers to CRC screening. Conclusions. Findings suggest that interventions are most successful when they target individuals or communities, address known barriers to screening, deliver tailored messages, use multiple methods of message delivery, and are delivered over multiple time points.
Health Information in Vietnamese-American Print Media: Results of a Content Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Giang T. , Ashfaq Hera , Pham TuongVi H. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. Vietnamese-Americans (VA) constitute a large minority community that is mostly foreign born with limited English proficiency. This article compares the health content of free print media targeting VA with that of free English-language print media. Design. Content analysis. Setting. All free print media available at the three largest VA-serving supermarkets in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, were reviewed. Comparison English-language periodicals included free and purchased publications. Measures. We identified and coded 254 health content–containing articles from 22 issues of six periodicals (four free Vietnamese, one free English language, and one purchased English language) collected over a 4-week period. Analysis. Chi-square and t-tests for independent samples were used to compare free Vietnamese- and free English-language periodicals. Additional analyses included all English-language periodicals as the comparison group. Results. Higher proportions of advertisements and “pseudonews” articles (ads formatted like news stories) were found in free Vietnamese- vs. free English-language publications (overt ads, 61% vs. 28%; pseudonews, 18% vs. 0%). Moreover, Vietnamese-language publications did not contain many articles addressing diseases most commonly found in Asian-Americans. Discussion. The significant proportion made up by profit-motivated health content in VA print media points to an untapped opportunity to provide evidence-based information about health topics of interest to this community. Future studies should examine secular trends, assess multiple communities, and develop community-based participatory approaches to improving access to quality health information among minorities with limited English proficiency.
A Culturally Focused Wellness Intervention for American Indian Women of a Small Southwest Community: Associations with Alcohol Use, Abstinence Self-Efficacy, Symptoms of Depression, and Self-Esteem
Authors: Gray Norma , Mays Mary Z. , Wolf Denise , Jirsak Janice 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. This study examined the influence of a culturally focused wellness intervention on alcohol consumption, alcohol abstinence self-efficacy, depression, and self-esteem among women of a small American Indian community in the southwestern United States. Participation in two intervention approaches was compared: a curriculum-based health promotion–only approach and health promotion combined with cognitive-behavioral skills building (CBSB). Design. The wellness intervention was tested in a prospective, randomized, two-group design with repeated measures. There was no control group. Setting. An American Indian community in the Southwest. Subjects. American Indian women, ages 18 to 50 (N = 268). Intervention. A 10-session culturally focused curriculum-based health promotion intervention, with a CBSB component, was developed using a community-based participatory research process. Comparisons were made between those who attended the health promotion plus CBSB intervention and those who attended the intervention without the CBSB component. Measures. Information regarding demographics, substance use, alcohol consumption, alcohol abstinence self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem was collected through a structured interview. Analysis. Regression was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on alcohol consumption, alcohol abstinence self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem in CBSB and non-CBSB groups. Results. Although there were no significant differences between the CBSB and non-CBSB groups, the results indicate a significant decrease in alcohol consumption and symptoms of depression, and a significant increase in alcohol abstinence self-efficacy and self-esteem, from baseline to the 6-month follow-up for both groups. Conclusion. Evidence suggests that this culturally focused health promotion intervention has a positive impact on alcohol use, alcohol abstinence self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem among American Indian women.
Management Support of Workplace Health Promotion: Field Test of the Leading by Example Tool
Authors: Della Lindsay J. , DeJoy David M. , Mitchell Shannon Gwin , Goetzel Ron Z. , Roemer Enid Chung , Wilson Mark G. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. This study tested a repeated-measures application of the Leading by Example (LBE) questionnaire, a self-report instrument measuring organizational leadership support for health promotion. Design. The efficacy of the LBE was tested in a quasi-experimental health promotion intervention trial. Twelve worksites were assigned to three intervention conditions (i.e., control, moderate, high intensity). Setting. The worksites were selected from a large U.S.-based chemical company. Subjects. Baseline data were collected from employees in various job roles in 2005 (N = 125). Follow-up data were collected in 2006 (N = 114) and 2007 (N = 106). Response rates ranged from 54% to nearly three-fourths of potential respondents. Intervention. Worksites assigned to both treatment conditions received changes in the built environment via supports for weight management. Worksites assigned to the intense condition received additional elements designed to impact leadership's support for a positive health promotion climate. Measures. Four LBE factors measuring management support for health were assessed over time. Analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis H-test and analyses of variance/covariance were used to compare LBE scores. Results. Significant changes from baseline to 2006 were identified for the four factors (p = .000) of the LBE. No significant changes were found from 2006 to 2007. Conclusions. The LBE effectively captured perceptions of management support for health. Researchers and practitioners alike should consider using the LBE to track and evaluate perceptions of management support for health promotion.
Reliability Test of an Established Pedestrian Environment Audit in Rural Settings
Authors: Fisher Brian D. , Richardson Sandra , Hosler Akiko S. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. To test inter-rater reliability and internal consistency of a reduced-item version of an environmental audit tool for physical-activity resources in a rural setting. Design. A cross-sectional design. Setting. Five rural school districts in western New York. Participants. A random sample of 391 street segments (i.e., the length of a street contained within a census block.) Fifty street segments were observed a second time for a reliability analysis. Measure. The Pedestrian Environmental Data Scan (PEDS), a previously tested instrument for conducting audits of the built environment for physical-activity supports, was used. Modifications were made for use in rural settings. Analysis. Four tests of reliability (Kappa [κ]; prevalence-adjusted, bias-adjusted κ [PABAK]; percent agreement; and Spearman rho [ρ]) and one test of internal consistency (Cronbach α) were used. Results. Nineteen measures were identified for their utility in the rural setting. These measures had an average κ of .43, an average PABAK of .72, and an average percent agreement of 86.2%, indicating good agreement. They were organized into four subscale areas that had Spearman ρ ranging from moderate (ρ = .38) to strong (ρ = .66). Alpha (α) values for the scale overall (α = .60) and subscales (range, .25–.66) suggested that items included were likely to be multi-dimensional. Conclusion. A simpler audit tool has been identified that might be more appropriate for use in the rural setting.
Smoking Cessation Interventions among Hispanics in the United States: A Systematic Review and Mini Meta-Analysis
Authors: Webb Monica S. , Rodríguez-Esquivel Denise , Baker Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. The leading causes of mortality among Hispanics living in the United States are smoking related. This study sought to systematically review smoking cessation interventions targeting healthy Hispanic adults living in the United States, to conduct a “mini” meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, and to offer recommendations for future research. Data Sources. Studies were identified through computerized bibliographic databases (PsychINFO, PsycARTICLES, PsycFirst, MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Dissertation Abstracts Online), article reference lists, conference abstracts, and unpublished data through October 2008. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Evaluation of a smoking cessation intervention among healthy U.S. Hispanic adults. Studies included in the meta-analysis were also required to be randomized controlled trials. Data Extraction. Twelve studies were eligible for the systematic review and five studies for the meta-analysis. Two independent raters coded each study. Data Synthesis. Interventions consisted of self-help, nicotine replacement therapy, and community-based interventions, as well as individual, group, and telephone counseling. There was evidence for the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions at the end of treatment (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–2.16), which was attenuated in the longer term. Conclusions. Tobacco use among U.S. Hispanics is a growing public health concern. Smoking cessation interventions demonstrate promise among Hispanic adults living in the United States. More randomized trials evaluating tobacco interventions in this special population are warranted, with examination of the effect of cultural specificity and acculturation.
Using Downloadable Songs from Apple iTunes as a Novel Incentive for College Students Participating in a Web-Based Follow-up Survey
Authors: McCree-Hale Renicha , Cruz Natalie G. De La , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. Compare the impact of offering two versus four downloadable songs on response rates to a Web-based survey. Design. One month after participation in a sexual health workshop, students (N = 138) were invited by e-mail to complete a Web-based posttest. The initial incentive of two downloadable songs was increased to four songs midway through data collection. Setting. University of Alabama at Birmingham. Subjects. Undergraduate participants in a peer education workshop. Measures. Response rates were monitored to assess the impact of varying incentive levels on study attrition. Analysis. Frequencies and Pearson's χ2 statistics were used to compare response rates between individuals offered two songs and individuals offered four. Response rates were also examined to assess the impact of doubling the incentive among individuals who were nonrespondents when offered only two songs. Results. Of respondents offered two songs (n = 61), 18% completed the survey. When the incentive was increased to four songs, 26% of those who had not responded to the invitation for two songs (n = 50) completed the survey. Of respondents only offered four songs (n = 77), 57% completed the survey. Conclusion. Increasing incentives from two to four songs significantly improved response rates (p < .001). Determining an acceptable level of incentives for Web-based research has the potential to impact high attrition rates. Downloadable songs could become a mainstream incentive in Web-based research with young adults.
Correlates of Smoking Cessation at Pregnancy Onset among Hispanic Women in Massachusetts
Authors: Haskins Amy , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth , Pekow Penelope , Carbone Elena , Chasan-Taber Lisa 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. To examine factors associated with smoking cessation at pregnancy onset in Hispanic women. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the prospective Latina Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Study. Setting. Public obstetrical practices of a medical center in Massachusetts, 2000–2004. Subjects. A total of 351 Hispanic (predominantly Puerto Rican) prenatal care patients who smoked in the year prior to pregnancy. Measures. At enrollment, interviewers collected self-reported cigarette smoking prior to and during pregnancy and sociodemographic, health, and acculturation factors. Analysis. Logistic regression and backward elimination procedures were used to determine factors independently associated with quitting. Results. Forty-five percent of women reported quitting smoking at pregnancy onset. In multivariate analyses, women born outside the United States, women with a family history of diabetes, and non–Puerto Rican Hispanics were 32% to 54% more likely to quit smoking. Women with high stress, women with marijuana use, and parous women were 23% to 49% less likely to quit. Women who smoked 20+ cigarettes/d in prepregnancy were less likely to quit smoking (relative risk = .44; 95% confidence interval .27, .65) compared with light smokers. Age, income, body mass index, language preference, prepregnancy exercise, and alcohol consumption were not associated with quitting. Conclusions. Non-U.S. birthplace, family history of diabetes, and non–Puerto Rican ethnicity were associated with quitting smoking at pregnancy onset in Hispanic women. Prepregnancy marijuana use and smoking, parity, and stress were associated with continued smoking.
A randomised controlled trial on the efficacy and side‐effect profile (nausea/vomiting/sedation) of morphine‐6‐glucuronide versus morphine for post‐operative pain relief after major abdominal surgery*
Authors: Binningl Alexander R. , Przesmyckil Krzysztof , Sowinskil Piotr , Morrisonl Lachlan M.M. , Smithl Terry W. , Marcusl Paul , Leesl James P. , Dahanl Albert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMorphine is the first choice of treatment of severe post‐operative pain, despite the occurrence of often discomforting (post‐operative nausea or vomiting (PONV)) and sometimes dangerous (sedation, respiratory depression) side effects. Literature data indicate that morphine's active metabolite, morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6 g), is a powerful analgesic with a possibly more favourable side‐effect profile.In this multi‐centre randomised controlled clinical trial patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomised to M6 g or morphine treatment. Treatment started 30–60 min prior to the end of surgery and was continued postoperatively, after patients were titrated to comfort, via patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) for 24–48h. Pain intensity, nausea, vomiting and sedation scores were collected at regular intervals.In the study 268 patients were randomised to M6 g and 249 to morphine. Withdrawal due to insufficient pain relief occurred predominantly just after surgery and was higher in the M6 g group (16.8%) than in the morphine group (8.8%), suggesting a slower onset of analgesia for M6 g compared to morphine. Subjects who continued on PCA remained equi‐analgesic throughout the study.During the first 24 h, nausea levels showed a 27% difference in favour of M6 g which narrowly failed to reach statistical significance (P =0.052). Sub‐analysis showed a significant reduction in nausea levels in females on M6 g (30% difference, P =0.034). In all patients, similar reductions of 30–35% were observed in anti‐emetic use, vomiting, PONV (a combined measure of nausea and vomiting) in favour of M6 g, persisting for the first 24 h postoperatively. Reductions in sedation were observed in the first 4 h post‐operative period for M6 g patients.
A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of dolasetron, a 5‐hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist, in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Vergne‐Sallel Pascale , Dufauret‐Lombardl Carine , Bonnetl Christine , Simonl Anne , Trèvesl Richard , Bonnabaul Henri , Bertinl Philippe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dolasetron for symptomatic relief of pain associated with fibromyalgia (FM).Methods: This prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial randomly assigned 60 patients with FM to receive placebo (n =31) or dolasetron (n =29) 12.5 mg/d via the intravenous route on 4 days at baseline (M0), 1 month (M1), 2 months (M2) and 3 months (M3) with follow‐up to month 12. The primary outcome variable was the reduction in pain intensity measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) between M0 and M3. The secondary outcome variables were patient global impression of change (PGIC), the FM impact questionnaire, assessment of quality of life (SF‐36), the hospital anxiety and depression scale, the manual tender point count, and functional symptoms associated with FM.Results: Reduction in pain intensity at M3 was significantly greater in dolasetron‐treated patients (p =0.04, −21.3 on a 0–100 scale) compared with placebo controls (−5.9). More patients in the dolasetron group had ≥30% and ≥50% improvement in pain (42.5% and 28% respectively in the dolasetron group versus 25% and 16% in the placebo group). The PGIC was significantly greater in the dolasetron group at M3 (p =0.02). The other secondary outcomes failed to reach statistical significance. The most common adverse events were constipation, nausea, dizziness and headache, with no significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion: Intermittent IV dolasetron was safe and efficacious for the reduction of pain intensity associated with FM at 3 months.
The stability of severe thought disorders and mature thinking
Authors: Kaakinen S.M. , Säkkinen A. , Wahlberg K.-E. , Hakko H. , Holma J. , Tienari P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether severe formal thought disorders and mature thinking are stable among adoptees (=187) drawn from the Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia. A group of 93 adoptees genetically at high risk (HR) and 94 at low risk (LR) for schizophrenia were assessed blindly and reliably using the Index of Primitive Thought (IPT) and the Index of Integration (IOI). Two assessments of the IPT and the IOI were performed with the mean interval of 11 years. Comparisons of the IPT and the IOI mean scores were conducted both at baseline and at follow-up between adoptees at low and high genetic risk, gender, and psychiatric status. The main result was that the IOI as well as the IPT of the adoptees at the initial assessment predicted the IOI and the IPT estimated at follow-up, thus indicating the stability of severe formal thought disorders and mature thinking over time. The stability of IOI or IPT was not related to genetic risk, gender or psychiatric status or their interactions.
Modelling Psychiatric Measures Using Skew-Normal Distributions
Authors: Counsell N. , Cortina-Borja M. , Lehtonen A. , Stein A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractData from psychiatric research frequently exhibit departures from Normality. Methods which utilise the data optimally to model the distribution directly are available. We highlight the issue of modelling skewness, resulting from screening instruments where the majority of respondents are healthy individuals and few participants have a value reflecting particular disorders.