bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oestrogen‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition of endometrial epithelial cells contributes to the development of adenomyosis
Authors: Chen Yi‐Jen , Li Hsin‐Yang , Huang Chi‐Hung , Twu Nae‐Fang , Yen Ming‐Shyen , Wang Peng‐Hui , Chou Teh‐Ying , Liu Yen‐Ni , Chao Kuan‐Chong , Yang Muh‐Hwa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAdenomyosis is an oestrogen‐dependent disease caused by a downward extension of the endometrium into the uterine myometrium. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) endows cells with migratory and invasive properties and can be induced by oestrogen. We hypothesized that oestrogen‐induced EMT is critical in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. We first investigated whether EMT occurred in adenomyotic lesions and whether it correlated with serum 17β‐oestradiol (E2) levels. Immunohistochemistry was performed on adenomyotic lesions and corresponding eutopic endometrium samples from women with adenomyosis. Endometria from women without endometrial disorders were used as a control. In the epithelial component of adenomyotic lesions, vimentin expression was up‐regulated and E‐cadherin expression was down‐regulated compared to the eutopic endometrium, suggesting that EMT occurs in adenomyosis. In adenomyosis, the serum E2 level was negatively correlated with E‐cadherin expression in the epithelial components of the eutopic endometrium and adenomyotic lesions, suggesting the involvement of oestrogen‐induced EMT in endometrial cells. In oestrogen receptor‐positive Ishikawa endometrial epithelial cells, oestrogen induced a morphological change to a fibroblast‐like phenotype, a shift from epithelial marker expression to mesenchymal marker expression, increased migration and invasion, and up‐regulation of the EMT regulator Slug. Raloxifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, abrogated these effects. To determine the role of oestrogen‐induced EMT in the implantation of ectopic endometrium, we xenotransplanted eutopic endometrium or adenomyotic lesions from adenomyosis patients into ovariectomized SCID mice. The implantation of endometrium was oestrogen‐dependent and was suppressed by raloxifene. Collectively, these data highlight the crucial role of oestrogen‐induced EMT in the development of adenomyosis and suggest that raloxifene may be a potential therapeutic agent for adenomyosis patients. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there a correlation between the proportion of cells with isodicentric Yp at amniocentesis and phenotypic sex?
Authors: Xu Jie , Siu V. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives(1) To present a case with prenatally detected idic Yp. (2) To review literature to assess if there is a correlation between the proportion of amniocytes with idic Yp and phenotypic sex.MethodsSeventeen cases were reviewed.ResultsAmniocentesis was done due to positive integrated prenatal screening result. Interphase FISH was normal for chromosomes 13, 18, and 21, but mosaic for cell lines with 1 X and 0 to 2 copies of DYZ3, SRY, or DYZ1(Yq12). Amniocytes had 45,X[28]/46,X,idic(Y)(q11.2)[2].ish idic(Y)(DYZ3 + +, SRY + +). An apparently normal female was born at 37 weeks. The umbilical cord had 45,X[50], but cord blood had 45,X[17]/46,X,idic(Y)[31]/47,X,idic(Y)x2[2]. Review of 17 cases showed that 13 cases with 20 to 100% cells with idic Yp all had a male phenotype. Two cases with 3 and 7% of idic Yp cells had a female phenotype. Two cases with 45,X only at prenatal diagnosis but idic Yp detected postnatally were phenotypic male.Conclusion(1) We present the first report of prenatally detected idic Yp and Yq12 resulting in an apparently normal female at birth. (2) Finding of > 20% of G‐banded amniocytes with idic Yp in the absence of other indicators of foetal structural anomalies seems to correlate with phenotypically normal male in most cases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between first trimester fetal growth, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A levels and birthweight
Authors: Habayeb O. , Daemen A. , Timmerman D. , De Moor B. , Hackett G. A. , Bourne T. , Lees C. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to define the relationship between first trimester fetal growth, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) levels and birthweight.MethodsTwo‐hundred and one women with repeat first trimester crown‐rump length (CRL) measurements were included. In 194, the first trimester PAPP‐A value was known and in 169 there was complete data including birthweight. Fetal growth curves were derived using functional linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) and growth compared between those with < 10th percentile, 10th to 90th and > 90th percentile PAPP‐A multiple of median (MoM) levels and birthweight percentiles.ResultsMedian maternal age was 35 years, gestation at PAPP‐A sampling and of first scan was 11 weeks. Median delivery gestation was 40 weeks and birthweight 3425 g. There was no association between first trimester fetal CRL growth and either PAPP‐A MoM percentile or birthweight percentile. There was a significant positive correlation between PAPP‐A MoM and birthweight percentile (p = 0.0004).ConclusionsFirst trimester fetal growth rate is not related to birthweight percentile or first trimester PAPP‐A levels. Irrespective of gestation, a low PAPP‐A is associated with delivery of a smaller baby, and a high PAPP‐A with a larger baby. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal transient occipital bone protuberance during early pregnancy
Authors: Nevo Ori , Bronshtein Moshe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prenatal sonographic findings and pregnancy outcome of fetuses with transient occipital bone protuberance (TOBP).MethodsFive fetuses with TOBP were identified at routine 14 to 15 weeks ultrasound. The sonographic examination was repeated during pregnancy and the neonates were examined after birth.ResultsThe occipital bone protuberance disappeared by 24 weeks in all five cases, and the postnatal examination of the skull was normal.ConclusionsIsolated TOBP is rare during early pregnancy. Ultrasound follow‐up is suggested and disappearance of the lesion can be expected in most, if not all the cases with normal skull at birth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl‐mediated living mini‐emulsion polymerization of styrene under ambient pressure in a semi‐batch process: effect of ascorbic acid
Authors: Jeng Jauder , Chiu Wen‐Yen 
Published: July 2010

Abstract2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐mediated living mini‐emulsion polymerization of styrene with feeding of an ascorbic acid aqueous solution throughout the polymerization was performed at 90 °C under ambient pressure. The concentrations of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and ascorbic acid were varied to study the shell polymerization mechanism of latex particles and evolution of growing chains. Interactions between SDBS and ascorbic acid and incompatibility between ascorbic acid and styrene were evident from UV‐visible analyses. High hydrophilicity of ascorbic acid in the aqueous phase was proved using a gravimetric method. Accordingly, the formation of a surface barrier on particles was proposed because of the interactions between SDBS and ascorbic acid. For higher SDBS concentration, the surface barrier on the particles was denser. Therefore, the polymerization rate decreased with increasing SDBS concentration. However, the polymerization rate increased with increasing ascorbic acid concentration. This was due to a higher consumption rate of TEMPO by ascorbic acid. Free TEMPO tended to reside in surface zones of the particles because of the surface activity between the aqueous and oil phases. The surface zones were thus the main loci where TEMPO was consumed by ascorbic acid. The estimated number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of growing chains increased in a linear fashion with conversion. This indicated that the growing chains were produced via living mini‐emulsion polymerization. For these growing chains, the estimated Mn and final polydispersity increased with increasing SDBS concentration. This was caused by a decrease in TEMPO concentration in the surface zones of particles with increasing SDBS concentration. The ‘livingness’ of polystyrene was identified by conducting bulk polymerization of chain extension. Based on the results obtained, a shell polymerization mechanism of latex particles was proposed, and living mini‐emulsion polymerization was limited to the surface zones of particles. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic analysis of germinating urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, causal agent of Asian soybean rust
Authors: Luster Douglas G. , McMahon Michael B. , Carter Melissa L. , Fortis Laurie L. , Nuñez Alberto 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhakopsora pachyrhizi is an obligate pathogen that causes Asian soybean rust. Asian soybean rust has an unusually broad host range and infects by direct penetration through the leaf cuticle. In order to understand the early events in the infection process, it is important to identify and characterize proteins in P. pachyrhizi. Germination of the urediniospore is the first stage in the infection process and represents a critical life stage applicable to studies with this obligate pathogen. We have applied a 2‐DE and MS approach to identify 117 proteins from the National Center of Biotechnology Information nonredundant protein database and a custom database of Basidiomycota EST sequences. Proteins with roles in primary metabolism, energy transduction, stress, cellular regulation and signaling were identified in this study. This data set is accessible at http://world‐2dpage.expasy.org/repository/database=0018.
Modern proteomic methodologies for the characterization of lactosylation protein targets in milk
Authors: Arena Simona , Renzone Giovanni , Novi Gianfranco , Paffetti Alessandro , Bernardini Giulia , Santucci Annalisa , Scaloni Andrea 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHeat treatment of milk induces the Maillard reaction between lactose and proteins; in this context, β‐lactoglobulin and α‐lactalbumin adducts have been used as markers to monitor milk quality. Since some milk proteins have been reported as essential for the delivery of microelements and, being resistant against proteolysis in the gastrointestinal tract, also contributing to the acquired immune response against pathogens and the stimulation of cellular proliferation, it is crucial to systematically determine the milk subproteome affected by the Maillard reaction for a careful evaluation of aliment functional properties. This is more important when milk is the unique nutritional source, as in infant diet. To this purpose, a combination of proteomic procedures based on analyte capture by combinatorial peptide ligand libraries, selective trapping of lactosylated peptides by m‐aminophenylboronic acid‐agarose chromatography and collision‐induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation MS was used for systematic identification of the lactosylated proteins in milk samples subjected to different thermal treatments. An exhaustive modification of proteins was observed in milk powdered preparations for infant nutrition. Globally, this approach allowed the identification of 271 non‐redundant modification sites in 33 milk proteins, which also included low‐abundance components involved in nutrient delivery, defence response against virus/microorganisms and cellular proliferative events. A comparison of the modified peptide identification percentages resulting from electron transfer dissociation or collision‐induced dissociation fragmentation spectra confirmed the first activation mode as most advantageous for the analysis of lactosylated proteins. Nutritional, biological and toxicological consequences of these findings are discussed on the basis of the recent literature on this subject, emphasizing their impact on newborn diet.
Elucidating the role of Trp105 in the KPC‐2 β‐lactamase
Authors: Papp‐Wallace Krisztina M. , Taracila Magdalena , Wallace Christopher J. , Hujer Kristine M. , Bethel Christopher R. , Hornick John M. , Bonomo Robert A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe molecular basis of resistance to β‐lactams and β‐lactam‐β‐lactamase inhibitor combinations in the KPC family of class A enzymes is of extreme importance to the future design of effective β‐lactam therapy. Recent crystal structures of KPC‐2 and other class A β‐lactamases suggest that Ambler position Trp105 may be of importance in binding β‐lactam compounds. Based on this notion, we explored the role of residue Trp105 in KPC‐2 by conducting site‐saturation mutagenesis at this position. Escherichia coli DH10B cells expressing the Trp105Phe, ‐Tyr, ‐Asn, and ‐His KPC‐2 variants possessed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) similar to E. coli cells expressing wild type (WT) KPC‐2. Interestingly, most of the variants showed increased MICs to ampicillin‐clavulanic acid but not to ampicillin‐sulbactam or piperacillin‐tazobactam. To explain the biochemical basis of this behavior, four variants (Trp105Phe, ‐Asn, ‐Leu, and ‐Val) were studied in detail. Consistent with the MIC data, the Trp105Phe β‐lactamase displayed improved catalytic efficiencies, kcat/Km, toward piperacillin, cephalothin, and nitrocefin, but slightly decreased kcat/Km toward cefotaxime and imipenem when compared to WT β‐lactamase. The Trp105Asn variant exhibited increased Kms for all substrates. In contrast, the Trp105Leu and ‐Val substituted enzymes demonstrated notably decreased catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) for all substrates. With respect to clavulanic acid, the Kis and partition ratios were increased for the Trp105Phe, ‐Asn, and ‐Val variants. We conclude that interactions between Trp105 of KPC‐2 and the β‐lactam are essential for hydrolysis of substrates. Taken together, kinetic and molecular modeling studies define the role of Trp105 in β‐lactam and β‐lactamase inhibitor discrimination.
High‐level expression and purification of Cys‐loop ligand‐gated ion channels in a tetracycline‐inducible stable mammalian cell line: GABAAand serotonin receptors
Authors: Dostalova Zuzana , Liu Aiping , Zhou Xiaojuan , Farmer Sarah L. , Krenzel Eileen S. , Arevalo Enrique , Desai Rooma , Feinberg‐Zadek Paula L. , Davies Paul A. , Yamodo Innocent H. , Forman Stuart A. , Miller Keith W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe human neuronal Cys‐loop ligand‐gated ion channel superfamily of ion channels are important determinants of human behavior and the target of many drugs. It is essential for their structural characterization to achieve high‐level expression in a functional state. The aim of this work was to establish stable mammalian cell lines that enable high‐level heterologous production of pure receptors in a state that supports agonist‐induced allosteric conformational changes. In a tetracycline‐inducible stable human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293S) cell line, GABAAreceptors containing α1 and β3 subunits could be expressed with specific activities of 29–34 pmol/mg corresponding to 140–170 pmol/plate, the highest expression level reported so far. Comparable figures for serotonin (5‐HT3A) receptors were 49–63 pmol/mg and 245–315 pmol/plate. The expression of 10 nmol of either receptor in suspension in a bioreactor required 0.3–3.0 L. Both receptor constructs had a FLAG epitope inserted at the N‐terminus and could be purified in one step after solubilization using ANTI‐FLAG affinity chromatography with yields of 30–40%. Purified receptors were functional. Binding of the agonist [3H]muscimol to the purified GABAAR was enhanced allosterically by the general anesthetic etomidate, and purified 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐3A receptor supported serotonin‐stimulated cation flux when reconstituted into lipid vesicles.
Photon‐in photon‐out soft X‐ray spectroscopy for materials science
Authors: Himpsel F. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA brief overview of the three elements of photon‐in photon‐out spectroscopy is given, i.e., X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS). Key features are emphasized, such as element selectivity and the ability to study electronic states in dilute systems, at buried interfaces, and in a liquid environment. Characteristic applications in the areas of nanomaterials, biomaterials, and photovoltaic materials illustrate these capabilities.
Monitoring, analysis, and filtering system for purifying network traffic of known and unknown malicious content
Authors: shabtai Asaf , Potashnik Dennis , Fledel Yuval , Moskovitch Robert , Elovici Yuval 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe early detection, alert and response (eDare) framework is presented in this paper. The goal of this framework is to address the risks stemming from malicious software propagating via networks operated by Internet/network service providers (ISP/NSP). To achieve this goal, eDare employs network‐based traffic scanning appliances that enable sanitation of Internet traffic of known malware. Remaining traffic is extracted and various types of algorithms are invoked in an attempt to detect instances of previously un‐encountered malware and to generate a unique and simple byte‐string signature for such malware. That signature is immediately uploaded to the aforementioned network traffic scanners. To augment judgments of the algorithms, human experts are consulted for assistance in classifying files suspected of being malware about which the automatic detection algorithms are not sufficiently decisive. Finally, collaborative feedback and tips from end‐users are meshed into the identification process. This makes tackling of suspect files, whose impact can be assessed on a large, distributed scale, possible. The system incorporates static and behavioral analysis of malware and novel automatic signature generation algorithm. eDare was implemented and tested using an evaluation environment especially developed for that purpose. The results suggest that eDare can detect and remove unknown malware effectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of Ar+ beam‐induced damaged layers from polyimide surfaces with argon gas cluster ion beams
Authors: Miyayama Takuya , Sanada Noriaki , Bryan Scott R. , Hammond John S. , Suzuki Mineharu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn Ar Gas Cluster Ion Beam (GCIB) has been shown to remove previous Ar+ ion beam‐induced surface damage to a bulk polyimide (PI) film. After removal of the damaged layer with a GCIB sputter source, XPS measurements show minor changes to the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atomic concentrations relative to the original elemental bulk concentrations. The GCIB sputter depth profiles showed that there is a linear relationship between the Ar+ ion beam voltage within the range from 0.5 to 4.0 keV and the dose of argon cluster ions required to remove the damaged layer. The rate of recovery of the original PI atomic composition as a function of GCIB sputtering is similar for carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, indicating that there was no preferential sputtering for these elements. The XPS chemical state analysis of the N 1s spectra after GCIB sputtering revealed a 17% damage ratio of altered nitrogen chemical state species. Further optimization of the GCIB sputtering conditions should lead to lower nitrogen damage ratios with the elemental concentrations closer to those of bulk PI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic estimation of fetal head circumference: how accurate are we?
Authors: Melamed N. , Yogev Y. , Danon D. , Mashiach R. , Meizner I. , Ben‐Haroush A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of sonographic estimation of fetal head circumference (HC).MethodsWe compared sonographic estimations of fetal HC with actual measurements performed immediately after delivery using 3008 sonographic examinations performed within 3 days prior to delivery. The following measures of accuracy were calculated: correlation with actual HC, systematic error, random error, simple error, mean absolute percentage error and fraction of estimates within 5% of actual HC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting the accuracy of sonographic HC estimation.ResultsThere was a high correlation between sonographic and postnatal measurements of HC (r= 0.845,P< 0.001). Overall, sonographic HC measurements consistently underestimated actual HC measured postnatally (mean simple error, − 13.6 mm; 95% CI, − 13.2 to − 13.9), and the difference increased with gestational age. A high cephalic index (> 0.81) (odds ratio (OR), 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2–0.4), HC > 90thcentile (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.6), delivery by vacuum extraction (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.8), gestational week (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9) and male fetal gender (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9) were associated with decreased sonographic accuracy. At term, breech presentation at the time of sonographic examination was associated with a higher sonographic accuracy compared with vertex presentation (−12.0; 95% CI, − 10.5 to − 13.5 vs. − 13.9 mm; 95% CI, − 13.6 to − 14.3;P= 0.02). The random error was relatively constant, and was unaffected by any of the obstetric factors studied.ConclusionSonographic estimation of HC is associated with significant underestimation compared with the actual postnatal HC. This measurement error may have important clinical implications and should be taken into account in the interpretation of sonographically measured HC. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Splitting downlink multimedia traffic over WiMAX and WiFi heterogeneous links based on airtime‐balance
Authors: Kim Jong‐Ok , Davis Peter , Ueda Tetsuro , Obana Sadao 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe investigate the challenge of splitting a traffic flow over WiMAX and WiFi links. For traffic load distribution over heterogeneous RATs (Radio Access Technologies), heterogeneous link resources need to be commonly measured and fairly compared. To this end, an airtime cost model is considered as a common resource measure. The model can be used to estimate channel time consumed for a successful packet transmission. As a traffic split mechanism, an airtime‐balance method is proposed. Using the airtime cost model, the offered traffic load (in Mbps) is converted into airtime cost required for its transmission, and IP packets are distributed to multiple RATs so that airtime is equally balanced between RATs.We have implemented a practical test‐bed system, including both WiMAX and WiFi systems, and used it to conduct extensive experiments indoor and outdoor. Experimental results confirm that airtime‐balance can achieve an improved flow split to reduce the waiting packets at the reorder buffer of the receiver. Moreover, it could realize a more rapid adaptation to link variations with local measurements, when compared to the RTT‐based method, which also requires extra system overhead due to the use of probe packets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.