bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy of somatoform disorders
Authors: Mykhaylov B. , Fedak B. , Kudinova O. 
Published: May 2011

Last 10 years there is tendency to increased deseaseness and prevalence's of somatoform disorders in Ukraine.The most significant role belongs to the patients self-evaluation of the influence of the disease on their social status, that is an essential past of the self picture of the disease and the important point of therapeutic rehabilitation intervention.On the basis of the examined 300 patients on somatoform disorders and 200 patients on psychosomatic diseases we have elaborated a formal test that allows to evaluate quantitatively the influents of the disease on various spheres of patients’ social status. It was absolutely unexpectable the common for psychosomatic and somatoform disorders patients rise of significance of personal individual, every day life factors in cases of aggravation of the main disease course. We created the cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy system with suggestive and autosuggestive implementations.Elucidation of peculiarity of personal perception of the disease served as basis of elaboration of purposeful system of psychotherapy, consulting, psychological support for patients with high-effectiveness 1,5 - 3 years catamnesis in 85% patients.Our experience showed the necessity of the use the target-oriented integrativе models of psychotherapy, parted on stages. On the first stage - sedative-adapting the receptions of cognitive and suggestive psychotherapy are used. There is group therapy on second-main-stage. On the third stage-supportive- elements of the autogenic training mastered.
Somatization disorder treated with electro convulsive therapy
Authors: Gahr M. , Schoenfeldt-Lecuona C. , Connemann B. 
Published: May 2011

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is predominantly being recommended for treatment of severe mood disorders and of catatonia. We report improvement with ECT in a patient suffering from somatization disorder.The patient, a 55-year-old man, suffered from intractable somatization disorder for more than thirty years. Numerous diagnostic and several futile surgical procedures had been performed in the past. On admission there had been no psychopharmacological therapy for one month. Subsequently treatment trials with duloxetine, mirtazapine, and venlafaxine were performed, but remained ineffective. Pregabalin lead to only slight amelioration of anxiety and no improvement of pain symptoms. After 3 months of unsuccessful clinical treatment, including pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and regularly scheduled interdisciplinary medical consultations, ECT was first considered. A trial of right unilateral ECT was initiated. After five sessions the course had to be terminated due to severe ECT-related hypertension. During and following the ECT course, the patient reported rapid and significant improvement of somatic symptoms. In order to evaluate the effects of ECT the patient passed an assessment before and after the ECT (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Whiteley-Index, Quantification Inventory for Somatoform Syndroms, and an observer-rated version of the Screening for Somatoform Disorders). Assessment scores were in line with our clinical impression. Follow-up examination four months later showed no further change.Though somatic anxiety and hypochondriasis have been described to be negative predictors of successful remission with ECT, in our patient ECT has been particularly effective with regard to somatic symptoms of somatization disorder.
Psychological qualities person with functional pathology of spine
Authors: Onishchenko V. , Panchenko O. , Panchenko L. , Garazha M. , Petrakova T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe wide circulation vertebral pathologies is one of the most significant modern medical and social problems.AimsEstablishment of psychological qualities of the person with a functional pathology of spine.Methods«Valuable orientations» by M. Rokich; «Firmness definitions to stresses and social adaptation» by Holmes and Rage; «Versatile scale perfectionisme by Huite and Flate; «Revealing dependence on work»; «Degree of expressiveness of neurotic bents of the person» by M.A. Kuznetsov. 100 patients with following functional infringements of spine have been surveyed. In control group have entered 30 students of medical school.ResultsSuch features of the person with a functional pathology of a backbone are established: dependence on work - 100%; socially caused perfectionism - 26% which is interpreted as the non-realised overestimated requirements of associates; primacy of individualist values; requirements for the power over associates, using own intelligence and will - 13 %, in love and favor of other people - 37%, in independence and self-sufficiency - 22 %; danger of occurrence of psychosomatic frustration - 54% (p < 0,05). Statistically significant differences between group of patients with functional pathology of spine control group are established on indicators «dependence on work» (p < 0,02), «stability to stress» (p < 0,046).ConclusionsThe timely psychological analysis of the person of the patient and correctly developed program of psychotherapeutic intervention promote achievement of comprehension and understanding of investigatory communication between features of its person and disease, is the concrete help to patients in overcome diseases and its negative corporal or mental displays.
Estimation of emotionally-strong-willed sphere at patients with assencial hypertension
Authors: Onishchenko V. , Panchenko O. , Pugach E. 
Published: May 2011

AimsAn establishment of psychological characteristics of patients hypertensive illness (HI) with presence of psychological semiology, the past a course group psychocorrection therapies.MethodsMMPI, Color test by Lusher, Technique of diagnostics of interpersonal relations by Leary, statistical methods. Patients received complex therapy. The psychotherapy was applied individual, group and associative. 90 patients with assencial hypertension have been surveyed. The age of examinees at the moment of research has made 32–48 years.Results73 persons (81,1%) the internal conflict caused ancompatible of type interpersonal relations “Authoritarianism-submission”, constant struggle against accruing is hostile-aggressive feeling has been revealed, at the same time there are difficulties of self-affirmation. In 48 cases (53,3%) prevalence I octant in personal pattern positively correlates with characteristics of sthenic type of reaction according to MMPI (type 469 profiles,-/0) and color test (preference of bright color standards on the first positions, the importance of positions of 4, 2 and 3 colors). 90 persons (100%) from a surveyed contingent high points on VIII octant (11–16) have been revealed, that speaks about hyperresponsibility presence (р ≤ 0,05).ConclusionsDuring group psychocorrection patients have seized methods of removal of an emotional pressure, intrapersonal conflicts have been resolved, at them the relation to success and failure situations has changed. Carrying out of group trainings at patients essential hypertension with use of methods of the therapy focused on the decision of problems and psychorelaxation therapy, is an effective complex of methods in correction and preventive maintenance of infringements in emotionally-strong-willed sphere.
Medically unexplained physical symptoms - a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Pais V. , Correia D. , Ramalho e Silva F. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundMedically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) can be defined as physical symptoms that have no currently known physical pathological cause. MUPS account for one in five new consultations in primary care and for one third of new patients when neurology consultations are considered.Patients with MUPS present significant distress and impaired function and their diagnosis is sometimes hard to establish. The classification of somatoform disorders has been found to be insufficiently useful for therapeutic and scientific purposes. Some authors suggest that new classifications should attend to clinical utility, defined as (1) the extent to which a diagnosis can help clinicians understand or conceptualize a disorder in their daily work; (2) the extent to which a diagnosis can help the clinician communicate useful information to others, including practitioners, family members, patients, and administrators; (3) the extent to which the presence of a disorder helps the clinician choose effective interventions, and (4) the extent to which a disorder can predict future clinical management needs.AimThis review aims to discuss the management of MUPS in mental health services, attending to the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.MethodsPubmed Medline search on MUPS and review of recent literature.DiscussionThe management of MUPS implies a multidisciplinary approach that can offer different solutions for different degrees of disorder severity and takes into account the perception of the patient about his own illness. New classifications of somatoform disorders that include comprehensible explanations about these symptoms could be helpful for patients and health professionals.
Prevalence of ADHD in chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Sáez Francàs N. , Alegre J. , Calvo Piñero N. , Ramos Quiroga J.A. , Ruiz E. , Olivares B. , García Gíménez E. , Casas M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionChronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is characterized by severe fatigue associated with pain, sleep disturbance, attentional impairment and headaches. Evidence points towards a prominent role for Central Nervous System in its pathogenesis, and alterations in serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission have been described.Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) courses with inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. It affects children and persists into adulthood in 50% of patients. Dopamine transporter abnormalities lead to impaired neurotransmission of catecholaminergic frontal-subcortical-cerebellar circuits.ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of ADHD in a sample of CFS patients, and the clinical implications of the association.AimsTo study the relationship between CFS and ADHD.MethodsThe initial sample consisted of 142 patients, of whom 9 were excluded because of severe psychopathology or incomplete evaluation. All the patients (age 49 ± 87; 94,7 women) received CFS diagnoses according to Fukuda criteria. ADHD was assessed with a diagnostic interview (CAADID), ADHD Rating Scale and the scale WURS, for childhood diagnose. The scales FIS-40, HAD, STAI and Pluthik Risk of Suicide (RS) were administrated.Results38 patients (28,8%) were diagnosed of childhood ADHD (4 combined, 22 hyperactive-impulsive, 12 inattentive) and persisted into adulthood in 28 (21,1%; 5 combined, 4 hyperactive-impulsive, 19 inattentive). There were no differences in Fukuda criteria profile and FIS-40 between groups. ADHD patients scored higher in HAD-Anxiety (9,88 ± 4,82 vs. 12,57 ± 3,49; p = 0,007), HAD-Depression (9,69 ± 4,84 vs. 12,04 ± 4,53; p = 0,023), STAI-E (30,55 ± 14,53 vs. 38,41 ± 11,35; p = 0,012), and RS (6,13 ± 3,48 vs. 8,49 ± 3,07; p = 0,002).ConclusionsADHD is frequent in CFS patients and it is associated with more severe clinical profile.
Incidence of axis I and axis II dual diagnosis in hospitalised patients with somatization disorder
Authors: Vasile D. , Vasiliu O. , Grigorescu G. , Mangalagiu A.G. , Ojog D.G. , Bogdan V. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSomatization disorder is frequently associated in epidemiologic trials with depressive, anxiety, other somatoform or substance related disorders, as well as with personality disorders. An examination of psychiatric comorbidity in patients diagnosed with somatization disorder is strongly advised due to the impact of these associated conditions over the prognosis and treatment.ObjectiveTo establish the incidence of psychiatric dual diagnosis in hospitalized patients with somatization disorder.MethodsA group of 37 patients, 22 female and 15 male, mean age 45.9, were evaluated using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis I (SCID-I) and Axis II (SCID-II) disorders at the admission in our department for a diagnosis of somatization disorder. All patients included in this trial were known with somatization disorder for at least one year prior to this admission.ResultsPatients diagnosed with somatization disorder presented mostly depressive disorders (46%, n = 17), anxiety disorders (37.8%, n = 14), substance related disorders (16.2%, n = 6) and personality disorders (67.5%, n = 25). A more detailed analysis on axis I established major depressive disorder as the most frequent diagnosis (37.8%, n = 14), followed by panic disorder (27%, n = 10) and alcohol dependence (13.5%, n = 5), while on axis II the histrionic (21.6%, n = 8) and obsessive-compulsive (19%, n = 7) personality disorders were the most frequently associated conditions. A number of 21 patients presented at least three axis I and/or II simultaneous diagnosis (64.8%).ConclusionThe most frequently comorbidities in somatization disorder are major depressive disorder and panic disorder on axis I, as well as histrionic and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder on axis II.
Repeated prenatal stress sessions produce changes in exploration and despair detectable at weanling in wistar rats
Authors: Bernal-Morales B. , Contreras C.M. , Cueto-Escobedo J. , Guillén-Ruiz G. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDuring gestation and maternal behavior, some physiological events can protect the dam and offspring, but explanations for such phenomena are partially unknown. The effects of stress during prenatal development and infancy can be studied in controlled laboratory conditions.ObjectiveTo determine the pre- and postnatal effects of stress on coping strategies in weanling rats subjected to the open field and forced swim tests after their dams are subjected to stress during gestation.MethodRats aged 21 postnatal days (PND) were assigned to either a Control group (n = 36; offspring from intact dams during gestation) or a Prenatal stress group (n = 36; offspring from dams forced to swim during 5 min sessions on gestational days 1, 7, 14, and 19). Both groups were tested in the open field to evaluate locomotor activity and rearing. In another experiment, PND21 intact rats assigned to a Control group (n = 26) or Postnatal stress group (n = 35) were subjected to restraint stress for 6 min prior to the tests and were later evaluated in the forced swim test.ResultsLocomotor activity (p < 0.026) and rearing (p < 0.001) were lower in the Prenatal stress group compared with the Control group. The latency to first immobility was shorter (p < 0.008), and the total immobility time was longer (p < 0.005) in the Postnatal stress group than Control group.ConclusionStress exposure during gestation produces detectable changes during weanling, consisting of reduced exploratory activity and susceptibility to despair.
The prevalence of stress factors among medicine students in Iran
Authors: Biglu M.H. , Asgharzadeh A. 
Published: May 2011

Stress is the body's reaction to any kind of changes that requires a physical, mental or emotional adjustment. The objective of this study is to visualize and analyze the most common stress factors among medicine students in Iran.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,337 medicine students in Iran. A questionnaire was used to gather the data.Findings indicated that there was a significant relationship among instructor/student interaction (p = 0.05), intern/externship (p = 0.000), self-efficacy factor (p = 0.05) and classmate pressure (p = 0.007) with respect to the year of admittance. The study further revealed that there was no significant correlation between academic theories, staff/management and admittance year factor. The most common stress factors among extern/intern group were the lack of educational disciplines in hospitals and related wards.
Work stress, social support, and burnout in junior doctors: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bowers A. , Sochos A. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundBurnout is known to be higher in doctors than in the general population and is associated with adverse patient outcomes. By identifying factors that can lead to burnout, interventions can be implemented to support the health of the workforce and improve patient care.AimThe aim of this study is to (1) look at whether psychiatric trainees differ from medical trainees in the work−related stress they experience and the social support they perceive, within and outside the workplace. It also aims to (2) look at whether social support can mediate the stressor-burnout relationship in trainees.MethodThe sample consisted of 184 London based trainees. Participants were administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory (strain), the Specialist Doctors’ Stress Inventory (stressors) and the House and Wells social support scale. To explore the pathways and potential mediating effect of social support within the stressor-burnout relationship structural equation modeling was applied to the data.Results42% of all doctors exhibited high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Medical trainees were significantly more burnt out than psychiatric trainees (p < .01). Occupational stressors were significantly correlated with the core burnout dimensions. Family, consultant and top management support demonstrated significant correlations with burnout dimensions whereas co-worker support failed to reach significance. Direct, indirect and mediational pathways between study variables were found.ConclusionPsychological distress is still prevalent amongst our junior workforce. Medical trainees appear to exhibit more severe levels of burnout and suggestions to improve psychological wellbeing are discussed.
The mental health consequences of protracted asylum seeking in Australia
Authors: D'Souza R.F. ,   Prof Suresh Sundram Refugee Resource Centre
Published: May 2011

The mandatory detention of asylum seekers in Australia and the administrative, legal and ministtreal appeal processes have lead to protracted process of refugee determination.Further compounding of trauma/ torture, diminished sense of self future and purpose leading to high levels distress including anxiety depressive and somatoform disorders. High levels of distress appear to persisit after refgugees are settled.Study/methods•Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-R (HTQ-R) •Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25) •Post-Migration Living Difficulties Checklist (PMLDC) •Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview - Demoralisation Scale (PERI-D)f •ResultsN = 124. 84% Male; 93% conversant in English •Age: 20–62 years (μ = 35 yrs, SD = 10.8) •Residency Status: PR n = 32 (25%) Asylum Seeker n = 92 (75%) •Visa status: BVE (30%) BVA (23%) Student Visa (10%) •Time since application: 0 – 178 months (14.8 yrs) (μ = 31.2, SD = 48.4) •Not economic refugees. > 99% arrived by plane. • 34% without Medicare & 23% no work rights.ConclusionMultiple fold higher than the general population. -Highly traumatised population -Marginal reduction when granted protection •Inter-correlation between clinical measures à indicates pan-distress. •Clinical measures with number of rejections & time since app •Comparable number of pre-migration traumas yet difference in ‘refugee’ trauma & PTSD for AS vs. PR may reflect that current state of trauma is due to RDP ∨ perpetuating psychosocial factors •It has characteristics of many disorders but its own identity lication à weak association. -Ceiling effect of distress? -current state of trauma is due to RDP &/or perpetuating psychosocial factors •It has characteristics of many disorders but its own identity.
Stress in first-year Egyptian and Saudi female medical students: a cross cultural comparison
Authors: Amr M. , El-Gilany A.-H. , El-Wasify M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCollege students, especially freshmen, are particularly prone to stress due to the transitional nature of college life. However most of studies in this context were conducted in Western Europe and North America with only few recent studies conducted in the Arab world. This study sought to determine whether there was a difference in perceived stress levels of female medical students at Mansoura University, Egypt, and King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.MethodsThe sample consisted of first year female medical students. The self-reported questionnaire covered four categories, including 13 items, of sources of stress (stressors).Perceived stress scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to measure stress, anxiety and depression.ResultsThere is no significant difference between the two groups regarding number of stressors. However, Saudi students were more likely to cite emotional problems, excessive workload and fear of future. The most common items in Egyptian students were financial and environmental problems. Prevalence of stress and clinical anxiety was higher in the Saudi sample. Logistic regression analyses of independent predictors of high level of stress among both groups combined were Saudi nationality, larger family size, clinical depression and clinical anxiety.ConclusionsPerceived stress and anxiety are frequent among Saudi students. This information could be useful in designing preventive mental health programs that should be an integral part of the routine clinical facilities caring for medical students to help them to cope with the increasing demands of medical education.
Anger arousal and well being as markers of social functioning and quality of life in the aftermath of exposure to life threatening trauma
Authors: Faruqui R. , Bashir A. , Taj R. , Khan A. , Yousaf F. , Bibi A. , Ayub Z. , Waheed A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSevere stress or exposure to life threatening trauma is known to affect social functioning and quality of life.ObjectivesTo study well-being and anger arousal as markers of social functioning and quality of life in a group of University students exposed to a suicide bomb attack on a University in Pakistan.AimsTo examine indicators of social functioning in order to higlight them as targets for therapeutic interventions.MethodsSubjects were assessed after one year of exposure to a life threatening incident on University campus. Subjects completed an assessment schedule incorporating World Health Organization's Well-Being Index and Novarco Anger Inventory (25 items).Results54 students completed the assessment. The mean age of the group was 24 years. All subjects had completed 14–16 years of education and were in full time education at the time of assessment. The Well Being Index Score range was 1–24 with 26 sujects scoring 13 or lower scores indicating poor quality of life. 29 subjects scored higer levels of anger arousal on 10 or more items of Novarco Anger Inventory indicating difficulties in social functioning. The overall group showed a statistically significant negative correlation between the Well-Being Index Scores and the number of Novarco Anger Inventory items scored in the two highest categories of anger arousal.ConclusionsThe results of the study highlight anger arousal and well-being as important markers of functioning in the aftermath of a stressful life event. The study confirms their usefulness as legitimate therapeutic targets for pharmacotherapy, psychotherapeutic, and social interventions.