bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two‐step Taylor‐characteristic‐based Galerkin method for incompressible flows and its application to flow over triangular cylinder with different incidence angles
Authors: Bao Yan , Zhou Dai , Zhao Yao‐Jun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn alternative characteristic‐based scheme, the two‐step Taylor‐characteristic‐based Galerkin method is developed based on the introduction of multi‐step temporal Taylor series expansion up to second order along the characteristic of the momentum equation. Contrary to the classical characteristic‐based split (CBS) method, the current characteristic‐based method does not require splitting the momentum equation, and segregate the calculation of the pressure from that of the velocity by using the momentum–pressure Poisson equation method. Some benchmark problems are used to examine the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and to compare with the original CBS method, and the results show that the proposed method has preferable accuracy with less numerical dissipation.We further applied the method to the numerical simulation of flow around equilateral triangular cylinder with different incidence angles in free stream. In this numerical investigation, the flow simulations are carried out in the low Reynolds number range. Instantaneous streamlines around the cylinder are used as a means to visualize the wake region behind, and they clearly show the flow pattern around the cylinder in time. The influence of incidence angle on flow characteristic parameters such as Strouhal number, Drag and Lift coefficients are discussed quantitatively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ten years of cholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Rodda Joanne , Walker Zuzana 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this editorial we have summarised ten years of evidence relating to the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's and other dementias. We have presented this evidence in the context of the evolution of public and professional awareness of dementia and its management and prescribing patterns over this time frame. We also briefly outline recent political and legal events surrounding the 2007 NICE guidance and the possible long‐term impact of cholinesterase inhibitors on clinical practice. Whilst cholinesterase inhibitors continue to play a part in the management of Alzheimer's disease, it is possible that their most important legacy will be their contribution to the increased awareness and recognition of dementia as a neurodegenerative disease and the resulting transformation of old age psychiatry services. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FGFR2 intronic polymorphisms interact with reproductive risk factors of breast cancer: Results of a case control study in Japan
Authors: Kawase Takakazu , Matsuo Keitaro , Suzuki Takeshi , Hiraki Akio , Watanabe Miki , Iwata Hiroji , Tanaka Hideo , Tajima Kazuo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRecently, 2 genome‐wide association studies demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene at intron 2 are significantly associated with the risk of female breast cancer. As the next step, it is necessary to evaluate the interaction between these SNPs and known risk factors of breast cancer because such an evaluation could elucidate mechanisms of carcinogenesis and lead to preventive advances. We conducted a case‐control study of 456 newly and histologically diagnosed breast cancer cases and 912 age‐ and menopausal status‐matched noncancer controls. The impact of 5 FGFR2 intronic SNPs on the risk of breast cancer and the interactions between these SNPs and various known risk factors of breast cancer were evaluated in both pre and postmenopausal women. We observed a statistically significant association between 4 SNPs and breast cancer risk and these 4 SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium in the Japanese population. rs2420946 was associated with a population‐attributable risk of 17.7%. We found that FGFR2 polymorphisms interact with family history of breast cancer (interaction p = 0.003) and reproductive risk factors, namely, age at menarche (interaction p = 0.019) and parity (interaction p = 0.026). Of note, a significant association between body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 and FGFR2 polymorphism was observed among postmenopausal women (trend p = 0.012), but not among premenopausal women. In contrast, BMI < 25 had no significant association with this polymorphism regardless of menopausal status. These findings suggest that FGFR2 intronic SNPs affect the reproductive hormone‐related pathway and contribute to the development of female breast cancer in the Japanese population. © 2009 UICC
Expression of the macrophage antigen CD163 in rectal cancer cells is associated with early local recurrence and reduced survival time
Authors: Shabo Ivan , Olsson Hans , Sun Xiao‐Feng , Svanvik Joar 
Published: April 2009

AbstractExpression of the macrophage antigen CD163 in breast cancer cells is recently shown to be related to early distant recurrence and shortened survival. In this study, 163 patients with rectal cancer, included in the Swedish rectal cancer trial and followed up for a median of 71 months, were examined for the expression of CD163 in the primary tumors. The cancer cells expressed CD163 in the primary tumors in 23% (n = 32) of the patients. In pretreatment biopsies from 101 patients, 10 had CD163‐positive cancers and these patients had earlier local recurrence (p < 0.044) and reduced survival time (p < 0.045) compared with those with CD163‐negative tumors. When studying surgical specimens from 61 patients randomized to preoperative irradiation (5 × 5 Gy delivered in 1 week), it was found that 31% were CD163 positive whereas the corresponding figure was only 17% for 78 patients who were nonirradiated (p < 0.044), which tentatively may be consistent with X‐rays inducing fusion. In CD163‐positive tumors there was a reduced apoptotic activity as measured with the Termina deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Biotin‐dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) technique (p = 0.018). There tended also to be an increased proliferation activity measured as an expression of Ki‐67 non significant (NS). It is concluded that primary rectal cancers may express CD‐163, and this phenotypic macrophage trait is related to early local recurrence, shorter survival time and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of CD163 is more common after irradiation. © 2009 UICC
Downregulation of SERPINB13 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas associates with poor clinical outcome
Authors: de Koning Pieter J.A. , Bovenschen Niels , Leusink Frank K.J. , Broekhuizen Roel , Quadir Razi , van Gemert Jan T.M. , Hordijk Gerrit J. , Chang Wun‐Shaing W. , van der Tweel Ingeborg , Tilanus Marcel G.J. , Kummer J. Alain 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTumorigenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is associated with various genetic changes such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on human chromosome 18q21. This chromosomal region maps a gene cluster coding for a family of intracellular serine protease inhibitors (serpins), including SERPINB13. As SERPINB13 expression in HNSCC has recently been shown to be downregulated both at the mRNA and protein levels, here we investigated if such a low SERPINB13 expression is associated with histopathological and clinical parameters of HNSCC tumors and patient survival. By generating specific antibodies followed by immunohistochemistry on a well‐defined cohort of 99 HNSCC of the oral cavity and oropharynx, SERPINB13 expression was found to be partially or totally downregulated in 75% of the HNSCC as compared with endogenous expression in non‐neoplastic epithelial cells. Downregulation of SERPINB13 protein expression in HNSCC was significantly associated with the presence of LOH at the SERPINB13 gene in the tumors (p = 0.006), a poor differentiation grade of the tumors (p = 0.001), the presence of a lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012), and a decreased disease‐free (p = 0.033) as well as overall (p = 0.018) survival of the patients. This is the first report demonstrating that downregulation of SERPINB13 protein expression in HNSCC is positively associated with poor clinical outcome. Therefore, SERPINB13 seems to act as an important protease inhibitor involved in the progression of HNSCC. © 2009 UICC
Processing of MIA protein during melanoma cell migration
Authors: Schmidt Jennifer , Bosserhoff Anja‐Katrin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMIA (melanoma inhibitory activity) protein, identified as a small 11 kDa protein highly expressed and secreted by malignant melanoma cells, plays an important functional role in melanoma development, progression and tumor cell invasion. Recent data describe a direct interaction of MIA protein with cell adhesion receptors integrin α4β1 and integrin α5β1 and extracellular matrix molecules. By modulating integrin activity MIA protein mediates detachment of melanoma cells from surrounding structures resulting in enhanced invasive and migratory potential. However, until today a detailed understanding of the processes of MIA function is missing. In this study, we show that after binding of MIA protein to integrin α5β1, MIA protein is internalized together with this cell adhesion receptor at the cell rear. This mechanism enables tumor cells to migrate in a defined direction as appropriate for invasion processes. Treatment of melanoma cells with PKC‐inhibitors strongly reduced internalization of MIA protein. Endocytosis is followed by dissociation of MIA–integrin complexes. In acidic vesicles MIA protein is degraded while integrins are recycled. Treatment of melanoma cells with MIA inhibitory peptides almost completely blocked the MIA protein uptake into cells. As MIA protein has a major contribution to the aggressive characteristics of malignant melanoma in particular to formation of metastasis, it is important to elucidate the MIA functional mechanism in tumor cells to find novel therapeutic strategies in the fight against skin cancer. © 2009 UICC
DN‐R175H p53 mutation is more effective than p53 interference in inducing epithelial disorganization and activation of proliferation signals in human carcinoma cells: Role of E‐cadherin
Authors: Rieber Manuel , Strasberg Rieber Mary 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOne of the hallmarks of carcinomas is epithelial disorganization, linked to overexpression of matrix metalloproteases (MMP) like MMP‐9, loss of intercellular E‐cadherin and activation of epidermal growth receptor (EGFR/erbB1). Since the p53 tumor suppressor pathway is inactivated in most human cancers due to gene mutations or defective wt p53 signaling, we now investigated in human wt p53 breast carcinoma MCF‐7 cells, whether single treatment with the p53 transactivation pharmacological inhibitor pifithrin‐α, transient p53 siRNA interference or stable insertion of a dominant‐negative (DN) R175H p53 mutant increase: (i) EGFR/erbB1 activation, (ii) MMP‐9 expression and (iii) loss of surface E‐cadherin. Transient abrogation of wt p53 function increased phosphorylation of EGFR/erbB1 and MMP‐9 expression. However, all these effects were much more pronounced in cells stably transduced with the dominant negative–Arg‐175His mutant p53 (DN‐R175H mutant p53), which also showed loss of epithelial cytoarchitecture and extensive E‐cadherin downregulation. Collectively, these results support the notion that the DN‐R175H mutant p53 exerts a gain of oncogenic function by promoting disruption of E‐cadherin intercellular contacts and activation of proliferation signals. Our data suggests that epithelial shape and growth control are unequally affected depending on how wt p53 function is impaired and whether partial or full tumor suppressor activity is lost. © 2009 UICC
Evaluating the dynamic employment effects of training programs in East Germany using conditional difference‐in‐differences
Authors: Bergemann Annette , Fitzenberger Bernd , Speckesser Stefan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study analyzes the employment effects of training in East Germany. We propose and apply an extension of the widely used conditional difference‐in‐differences estimator. Focusing on transition rates between nonemployment and employment, we take into account that employment is a state‐ and duration‐dependent process. Our results show that using transition rates is more informative than using unconditional employment rates as commonly done in the literature. Moreover, the results indicate that due to the labor market turbulence during the East German transformation process the focus on labor market dynamics is important. Training as a first participation in a program of Active Labor Market Policies shows zero to positive effects both on re‐employment probabilities and on probabilities of remaining employed with notable variation over the different start dates of the program. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health and work of the elderly: subjective health measures, reporting errors and endogeneity in the relationship between health and work
Authors: Lindeboom Maarten , Kerkhofs Marcel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the interrelation between health and work decisions of older workers. For this, two issues are of relevance. Firstly, health and work may be endogenously related because of direct causal effects of health on work and vice versa, and because of unobservables that may affect both observed health and work outcomes. Secondly, social surveys usually contain self‐assessed health measures and research indicates that these may be subject to endogenous, state‐dependent reporting bias. A solution to the ‘Health and Retirement Nexus’ therefore requires an integrated model for work decisions, health production and health reporting mechanisms. We formulate such a model and estimate it on a longitudinal dataset of older Dutch males. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From experimental setup to data analysis in transcriptomics: copper metabolism in the human pathogen Candida albicans
Authors: Hauser Nicole C. , Dukalska Marija , Fellenberg Kurt , Rupp Steffen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTranscript profiling by microarray analysis offers a great opportunity to reveal unknown effects in a comprehensive context. To be able to interpret the data, some basic issues in experimental setting and design including type and number of replications have to be considered and are discussed in this work. In order to facilitate and automate data interpretation, the experimental data were projected and clustered by Correspondence Analysis, subsequently associated with gene ontology (GO) terms for functional classification.We applied the technology to investigate copper metabolism in the human pathogen Candida albicans. The presented dataset gives an example of how different fluorescent labeling, biological and technical replicas and data analysis strategies for microarray experiments may influence the final outcome of the results. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiplexed optical pathogen detection with lab‐on‐a‐chip devices
Authors: Schulze Holger , Giraud Gerard , Crain Jason , Bachmann Till T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInfectious diseases are still a main cause of human morbidity and mortality. Advanced diagnostics is considered to be a key driver to improve the respective therapeutic outcome. The main factors influencing the impact of diagnostics include: assay speed, availability, information content, in‐vitro diagnostics and cost, for which molecular assays are providing the most promising opportunities. Miniaturisation and integration of assay steps into lab‐on‐a‐chip devices has been described as an appropriate way to speed up assay time and make assays available onsite at competitive costs. As meaningful assays for infectious diseases need to include a whole range of clinical relevant information about the pathogen, multiplexed functionality is often required for which optical transduction is particularly well suited. The aim of this review is to assess existing developments in this field and to give an outlook on future requirements and solutions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chip scale integrated microresonator sensing systems
Authors: Jokerst Nan , Royal Matthew , Palit Sabarni , Luan Lin , Dhar Sulochana , Tyler Talmage 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMedicine, environmental monitoring, and security are application areas for miniaturized, portable sensing systems. The emerging integration of sensors with other components (electronic, photonic, fluidic) is moving sensing toward higher levels of portability through the realization of self‐contained chip scale sensing systems. Planar optical sensors, and in particular, microresonator sensors, are attractive components for chip scale integrated sensing systems because they are small, have high sensitivity, can be surface customized, and can be integrated singly or in arrays in a planar format with other components using conventional semiconductor fabrication technologies. This paper will focus on the progress and prospects for the integration of microresonator sensors at the chip scale with photonic input/output components and with sample preparation microfluidics, toward self‐contained, portable sensing systems. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Toxicities induced in cultured human hepatocarcinoma cells exposed to ochratoxin A: Oxidative stress and apoptosis status
Authors: Golli Bennour Emna El , Rodriguez‐Enfedaque Aïda , Bouaziz Chayma , Ladjimi Moncef , Renaud Flore , Bacha Hassen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOchratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin currently detected in stored animal and human food supplies as well as in human sera worldwide. OTA has diverse toxicological effects; however, the most prominent one is the nephrotoxicity. The present investigation was conducted to determine the molecular aspects of OTA toxicity in cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. With this aim, we have monitored the effects of OTA on (i) cell viability, (ii) heat shock protein expressions as a parameter of protective and adaptive response, (iii) oxidative damage, and (iv) cell death signaling pathway. Our results clearly showed that OTA treatment inhibits cell proliferation, downregulates Hsp 70 and Hsp 27 protein and mRNA levels, and did not induce a significant reactive oxygen species generation. We have also demonstrated a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, a cytochrome c release, and an activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 in response to OTA exposure. Moreover, OTA activates p53 expression, while some of its transcriptional target genes (Bax, Bak, PUMA, and p21) were found to downregulate. According to these data, we concluded that OTA may exert an inhibitory action on the transcriptional process. Besides, oxidative damage is not a major contributor to OTA toxicity. This mycotoxin induces a mitochondrial and caspase‐dependent apoptotic cell death, which seems to be mediated by p53 transcriptional independent activities. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:87–96, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20268
Perspectives of data analysis of enzyme inhibition and activation, Part 3: Equations for calculation of the initial rates of enzymatic reactions
Authors: Krupyanko Vladimir I. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEquations for calculation of the initial rates of activated enzymatic reactions and the inhibited enzymatic reactions, unavailable in experimental enzymology, were obtained. Examples of practically using of these equations are given. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:108–118, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20271
Perspectives of data analysis of enzyme inhibition and activation, Part 2: Parametrical classification of types of enzymatic reactions
Authors: Krupyanko Vladimir I. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA parametrical classification of types of enzymatic reactions that counts 15 types—7 inhibited reactions, 7 activated ones, and 1 type of initial (uninhibited and nonactivated) reaction—is considered. The system permits taking into account the number of parameters of enzymatic reactions and symmetricity of a course of their change. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:101–107, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20272
Perspectives of data analysis of enzyme inhibition and activation, Part 1: Use of the three‐dimensional Km′ V′I coordinate system for data analysis of enzyme inhibition and activation
Authors: Krupyanko Vladimir I. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe possibility of construction of the three‐dimensional (unfolded and folded) Km′ V′I rectangular coordinate systems convenient for vector representation of inhibited and activated enzymatic reactions as well as of a two‐dimensional Km′ V′ scalar rectangular coordinate system convenient for diagrammatic representation of enzymatic reactions is considered. The perspectives of using the properties of the three‐dimensional L vectors and their scalar L projections for data analysis of enzyme inhibition and activation are analyzed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:97–100, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20273
Mouse recombinant phenylalanine monooxygenase and theS‐oxygenation of thioether substrates
Authors: Steventon Glyn B. , Mitchell Stephen C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe substrate specificity of mouse recombinant phenylalanine monooxygenase (mPAH) has been investigated with respect to the mucoactive drug,S‐carboxymethyl‐L‐cysteine (SCMC) and its thioether metabolites. Phenylalanine monooxygenase was shown to be able to catalyze theS‐oxygenation of SCMC, its decarboxylated metabolite,S‐methyl‐L‐cysteine and both their correspondingN‐acetylated forms. However, thiodiglycolic acid was found not to be a substrate. The enzyme profiles for both phenylalanine and SCMC showed Michaelis‐Menten with noncompetitive substrate inhibition for both the substrate‐activated and the lysophosphatidylcholine‐activated mPAH assays. The tetrameric enzyme was shown to undergo posttranslational activation by preincubation with substrate, lysophosphatidylcholine,N‐ethylmaleimide (a thiol alkylating agent), and the proteolytic enzymes α‐chymotrypsin and trypsin. Similar posttranslational activation of PAH activity in the rat and human has also been reported. These results suggest that in the mouse, PAH was responsible for theS‐oxidation of SCMC and that the mouse models of the hyperphenylalaninemias may be a potential tool in the investigation of theS‐oxidation polymorphism in man. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:119–124, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20274