bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression patterns of sulfatase genes in the developing mouse embryo
Authors: Ratzka Andreas , Mundlos Stefan , Vortkamp Andrea 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMammalian sulfatase enzymes participate in various processes, such as hormone regulation, lysosomal degradation and modulation of several signaling pathways. The sulfatase gene family consists of 14 members in mice and 17 in humans. Mutations of at least eight members are associated with human disorders, with main disease manifestations in the nervous system and skeleton. Despite their biological significance, little is known about their expression during embryonic development, especially for the more recently discovered gene family members. By in situ hybridization, we compared the expression patterns of nine sulfatases: ArsB, ArsG, ArsI, ArsJ, Galns, Gns, Ids, Sulf1, and Sulf2 in midgestation mouse embryos. Of interest, overlapping expression domains of several sulfatases could be detected in the developing central nervous system, eye, skeleton, and inner organs. Moreover, novel expression patterns for ArsG in choroid plexus, ArsI in hypertrophic chondrocytes and ArsJ in joints were identified. Developmental Dynamics 239:1779–1788, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood‐stage Plasmodium berghei infection leads to short‐lived parasite‐associated antigen presentation by dendritic cells
Authors: Lundie Rachel J. , Young Louise J. , Davey Gayle M. , Villadangos Jose A. , Carbone Francis R. , Heath William R. , Crabb Brendan S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDespite extensive evidence that Plasmodium species are capable of stimulating the immune system, the association of malaria with a higher incidence of other infectious diseases and reduced responses to vaccination against unrelated pathogens suggests the existence of immune suppression. Recently, we provided evidence that blood‐stage Plasmodium berghei infection leads to suppression of MHC class I‐restricted immunity to third party (non‐malarial) antigens as a consequence of systemic DC activation. This earlier study did not, however, determine whether reactivity was also impaired to MHC class II‐restricted third party antigens or to Plasmodium antigens themselves. Here, we show that while P. berghei‐expressed antigens were presented early in infection, there was a rapid decline in presentation within 4 days, paralleling impairment in MHC class I‐ and II‐restricted presentation of third party antigens. This provides important evidence that P. berghei not only causes immunosuppression to subsequently encountered third party antigens, but also rapidly limits the capacity to generate effective parasite‐specific immunity.
3‐(Arylamino)‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5‐one: A Novel Synthesis and Its Use
Authors: Leenders Ruben , Heeres Jan , Vandenput Dirk , Zijlmans Remco , Guillemont Jérôme , Lewi Paul 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn optimized procedure is given for the synthesis of novel 3‐(arylamino)‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5‐one building blocks from commercially available material. By employing these building blocks, a practical protocol is described for the functionalization of the 5‐position of the triazine core with anilines orphenols.
In the hypoxic central nervous system, endothelial cell proliferation is followed by astrocyte activation, proliferation, and increased expression of the α6β4 integrin and dystroglycan
Authors: Li Longxuan , Welser Jennifer V. , Dore‐Duffy Paula , del Zoppo Gregory J. , Lamanna Joseph C. , Milner Richard 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCerebral hypoxia induces a profound angiogenic response in the central nervous system (CNS). Using a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoxia, we previously demonstrated that angiogenic vessels in the hypoxic CNS show marked upregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin, along with increased expression of its major receptor, α5β1 integrin on brain endothelial cells (BEC). As cerebral hypoxia also leads to glial activation, the aim of the current study was to define the temporal relationship between BEC responses and glial cell activation in this model of cerebral hypoxia. This revealed that BEC fibronectin/α5β1 integrin expression and proliferation both reached maximal level after 4‐day hypoxia. Interestingly, up to 4‐day hypoxia, all dividing cells were BEC, but at later time‐points proliferating astrocytes were also observed. GFAP staining revealed that hypoxia induced marked astrocyte activation that reached maximal level between 7‐ and 14‐day hypoxia. As newly formed cerebral capillaries require ensheathment by astrocyte end‐feet to acquire mature brain endothelium characteristics, we next examined how expression of astrocyte end‐feet adhesion molecules is regulated by hypoxia. This showed that the astrocyte adhesion receptors α6β4 integrin and dystroglycan were both markedly upregulated, with a time‐course that closely resembled astrocyte activation. Taken together, this evidence shows that cerebral hypoxia promotes first an endothelial response, in which fibronectin promotes BEC proliferation. This is then followed by an astrocyte response, involving astrocyte activation, proliferation, and reorganization of astrocyte end‐feet, which correlates with increased expression of astrocyte end‐feet adhesion molecules. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Astrocyte hypoxic response is essential for pathological but not developmental angiogenesis of the retina
Authors: Weidemann Alexander , Krohne Tim U. , Aguilar Edith , Kurihara Toshihide , Takeda Norihiko , Dorrell Michael I. , Simon M. Celeste , Haase Volker H. , Friedlander Martin , Johnson Randall S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractVascular/parenchymal crosstalk is increasingly recognized as important in the development and maintenance of healthy vascularized tissues. The retina is an excellent model in which to study the role of cell type‐specific contributions to the process of blood vessel and neuronal growth. During retinal vascular development, glial cells such as astrocytes provide the template over which endothelial cells migrate to form the retinal vascular network, and hypoxia‐regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been demonstrated to play a critical role in this process as well as pathological neovascularization. To investigate the nature of cell‐specific contributions to this process, we deleted VEGF and its upstream regulators, the hypoxia‐inducible transcription factors HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α, and the negative regulator of HIFα, von Hippel–Lindau protein (VHL), in astrocytes. We found that loss of hypoxic response and VEGF production in astrocytes does not impair normal development of retinal vasculature, indicating that astrocyte‐derived VEGF is not essential for this process. In contrast, using a model of oxygen‐induced ischemic retinopathy, we show that astrocyte‐derived VEGF is essential for hypoxia‐induced neovascularization. Thus, we demonstrate that astrocytes in the retina have highly divergent roles during developmental, physiological angiogenesis, and ischemia‐driven, pathological neovascularization. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intermediate filaments attenuate stimulation‐dependent mobility of endosomes/lysosomes in astrocytes
Authors: Potokar Maja , Stenovec Matjaž , Gabrijel Mateja , Li Lizhen , Kreft Marko , Grilc Sonja , Pekny Milos , Zorec Robert 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntermediate filament (IF) proteins upregulation is a hallmark of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis, but its pathophysiological implications remain incompletely understood. A recently reported association between IFs and directional mobility of peptidergic vesicles allows us to hypothesize that IFs affect vesicle dynamics and exocytosis‐mediated astrocyte communication with neighboring cells. Here, we ask whether the trafficking of recycling vesicles (i.e., those fused to and then retrieved from the plasma membrane) and endosomes/lysosomes depends on IFs. Recycling vesicles were labeled by antibodies against vesicle glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), respectively, and by lysotracker, which labels endosomes/lysosomes. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the mobility of labeled vesicles in astrocytes, derived from either wild‐type (WT) mice or mice deficient in glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin (GFAP−/−Vim−/−), the latter lacking astrocyte IFs. Stimulation with ionomycin or ATP enhanced the mobility of VGLUT1‐positive vesicles and reduced the mobility of ANP‐positive vesicles in WT astrocytes. In GFAP−/−Vim−/− astrocytes, both vesicle types responded to stimulation, but the relative increase in mobility of VGLUT1‐positive vesicles was more prominent compared with nonstimulated cells, whereas the stimulation‐dependent attenuation of ANP‐positive vesicles mobility was reduced compared with nonstimulated cells. The mobility of endosomes/lysosomes decreased following stimulation in WT astrocytes. However, in GFAP−/−Vim−/− astrocytes, a small increase in the mobility of endosomes/lysosomes was observed. These findings show that astrocyte IFs differentially affect the stimulation‐dependent mobility of vesicles. We propose that upregulation of IFs in pathologic states may alter the function of astrocytes by deregulating vesicle trafficking. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health SWAps and external aid—a case study from Tajikistan
Authors: Mirzoev Tolib , Green Andrew , Newell James 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAs it moves from a relief to a development phase, the Republic of Tajikistan (RT) needs to attract more external aid and to ensure adequate alignment of this aid with health systems development priorities.A potential response to these two needs is a Sector‐Wide Approach (SWAp), a method originating from post‐colonial Africa and Asia that is increasingly being introduced in new contexts. However, little is known about whether SWAps are appropriate in the context of the former Soviet Union (FSU). This paper explores SWAps using Tajikistan as a case study.A number of lessons are identified for the Tajik health system, for other FSU countries and for health SWAps in general, covering issues of practical relevance to national and international health policy‐makers.We conclude that context‐specific SWAps may be developed to suit Tajikistan, and other FSU countries. Tajikistan currently does not yet have all the key SWAp elements in place, but this should be seen as a motive for, rather than an impediment to, developing a SWAp. Other FSU countries have a more favourable environment for implementing health SWAps. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climatic factors controlling chemical and isotopic characteristics of precipitation in Syria
Authors: Abou Zakhem B. , Hafez R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe chemical and isotopic composition of monthly composite rain samples collected at 13 meteoric stations in Syria during two hydrological cycles from 1991 to 1993 have been measured. The chemical analysis of the samples revealed at a number of stations pollution due to industry and sand storms. The temporal and spatial variation of the isotopic composition has been found to be comparable with one of the neighbouring countries such as Jordan and others. The average weighted oxygen‐18 and deuterium values are − 7·5 and − 39·11‰, respectively, and the deuterium excess is 21‰ . The individual isotope values can be divided into two groups. One group is represented by winter precipitation and fits closely the Mediterranean Meteorological Water Line (MMWL). Thus, for winter precipitation, condensation of Mediterranean water vapour appears to be the dominating isotope fractionation process. The other group represents spring precipitation and is spread along an evaporation line below the MMWL, thus indicating the influence of sub‐cloud evaporation. The d‐excess has been found to be lower in the north of Syria (19·9‰ at Tartous, 18·1‰ at Jarablous) than in the south of the country (23·4‰ at Sweida, 24·1‰ at Izra) where Mediterranean air mass dominates. The d‐excess of precipitation in neighbouring countries is also close to the average value of the eastern Mediterranean basin of 22‰ , e.g. for Jordan the value is 23‰ , which signifies that Mediterranean water vapour is, for all these countries, the dominant source of precipitation. The tritium content of precipitation was found to increase with distance from the coast (5·3 TU at coastal station Tartous, 8·8 TU at continental station Palmyra). Low tritium content and high d‐excess at coastal stations clearly indicate a Mediterranean air moisture source. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of aeolian deposition on the surface roughness of melting snow, Byers Peninsula, Antarctica
Authors: Fassnacht S. R. , Toro Velasco M. , Meiman P. J. , Whitt Z. C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe surface of the snowpack is the bottom boundary layer for air movement, and its roughness influences aerodynamics. The presence of aeolian deposits on a snowpack decreases its albedo and is shown to decrease the roughness of the surface. During snowmelt in the Lake Limnopolar basin on Byers Peninsula of Livingston Island of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, wind moved coarse soil grains (1–4 mm particles) from a bare, dry and snow‐free area to an adjacent snowpack. This addition of large soil particles rapidly changed the snowpack surface characteristics. Within several days, the sun‐cups, initially present on the melting snow surface, had been smoothed out in areas where soil was deposited on the snow surface. The differences in the snowpack surface were assessed using digital imagery of a roughness board inserted into the snow, both parallel and perpendicular to the dominant wind direction. The random roughness was twice as variable for the clean snow compared to the snow with soil; it was 27% more and 26% less perpendicular versus parallel to the wind for the clean snow and snow with soil, respectively. Variogram analysis showed that the clean snow had up to four different scales of roughness over the 55 × 55 cm area of analysis, with fractal dimensions varying from 1·33 to 1·83. The snow with soil did not vary substantially from 0·1 to 55 cm with fractal dimensions of 1·65 in parallel and perpendicular to the wind. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal depression and dyadic interaction: the role of maternal attachment style
Authors: Flykt Marjo , Kanninen Katri , Sinkkonen Jari , Punamäki Raija‐Leena 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMaternal mental health and the contents of her representational world are important determinants of early parent–child relationship. We examined, first, the role of prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms and maternal attachment style in predicting the quality of mother–child interaction. Second, we analysed whether the secure‐autonomous attachment style can protect the dyadic interaction from the negative effects of maternal depression. The participants were 59 mother–infant pairs examined during pregnancy (T1), 4–5 months postpartum (T2) and when the children were approximately 14 months old (T3). Maternal attachment style was assessed with a modified Adult Attachment Interview ‐procedure, depressive symptoms with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and observed mother–child interaction with Care Index. The results show that autonomous mothers were more sensitive and responsive and their children more co‐operative than dyads with dismissing maternal attachment style. As hypothesized, mothers with the combination of both prenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms were highly unresponsive in their dyadic interaction. Further, prenatal depressive symptoms had a stronger impact on maternal unresponsiveness than postnatal symptoms. As hypothesized, mother's autonomous attachment style protected the mother–child interaction from the negative impact of maternal postnatal depressive symptoms, whereas dyads with preoccupied mothers were especially at risk for interaction problems when mothers had postpartum depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peracetic acid‐enhanced photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic inactivation of E. coli in aqueous suspensions
Authors: Drosou Catherine , Coz Alberto , Xekoukoulotakis Nikolaos P. , Moya Armando , Vergara Yolanda , Mantzavinos Dionissios 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Although chlorination is an effective and widely employed method of water disinfection, it suffers serious drawbacks such as the formation of toxic chlorinated by‐products. Therefore, other disinfection technologies have been researched and developed, including advanced oxidation.RESULTS: The efficacy of heterogeneous photocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis induced by UV‐A irradiation and low frequency (24–80 kHz) ultrasound irradiation in the presence of TiO2 as the photocatalyst and peracetic acid (PAA) as an additional disinfectant to inactivate E. coli in sterile water was evaluated. PAA‐assisted UV‐A/TiO2 photocatalysis generally leads to nearly complete E. coli inactivation in 10–20 min of contact time with the extent of inactivation depending on the photocatalyst type and loading (in the range 100–500 mg L−1) and PAA concentration (in the range 0.5–2 mg L−1). The simultaneous application of ultrasound and UV‐A irradiation in the presence of TiO2 and PAA prompted further E. coli inactivation.CONCLUSIONS: The proposed advanced disinfection technology offers complete E. coli inactivation at short treatment times and low PAA doses. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
ON THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL COOPERATION IN INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS
Authors: Sawada Yasuyuki , Matsuda Ayako , Kimura Hidemi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe investigate whether and how technical cooperation aid (TC) facilitates technological diffusion from developed to developing countries, comparing it with foreign direct investment (FDI) and external openness. Two robust findings emerge. First, TC, FDI and openness all contribute to international technology transfers and openness seems to contribute the most, which is followed by TC. Second, around 6–17 countries out of 85 in our sample fail to catch up to the technological leader over the 36 years. These results suggest that as a policy instrument, TC can play an important role in facilitating technological catch up of developing countries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of small molecules using fullerene‐derivatized silica as energy‐absorbing material
Authors: Szabo Zoltan , Vallant Rainer M. , Takátsy Anikó , Bakry Rania , Najam‐ul‐Haq Muhammad , Rainer Matthias , Huck Christian W. , Bonn Günther K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn spite of the growing acceptance of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of a wide variety of compounds, including polymers and proteins, its use in analyzing low‐molecular‐weight molecules (<1000m/z) is still limited. This is mainly due to the interference of matrix molecules in the low‐mass range. Here the derivatized fullerenes covalently bound to silica particles with different pore sizes are applied as thin layer for laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometric analysis. Thus, an interference of intrinsic matrix ions can be eliminated or minimized in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art weak organic acid matrices. The desorption/ionization ability of the developed fullerene–silica materials depends on the applied laser power, sample preparation and pore size of the silica particles. Thus, fullerene–silica serves as an LDI support for mass spectrometric analysis of molecules (<1500 Da). The performance of the fullerene–silica is demonstrated by the mass analysis of variety of small molecules such as carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, phospholipids and drugs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of dopamine D1 receptor with N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor is important for the membrane localization of the receptor
Authors: Chen Sheng , Liu Fang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) plays important roles in regulating motor coordination, working memory, learning, and reward. In the mammalian brain, D1R is localized predominantly in dendritic spines. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the transport, sorting, and targeting of D1R to dendritic spines are largely unknown. Here, we characterize the interaction between D1R and N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor (NSF) and show that the interaction is mediated by aa 387–401 of the D1R C‐terminal tail. Interfering D1R and NSF interaction by coexpressing GFP‐D1R aa 387–401 fusion protein reduces D1R membrane localization and inhibits D1R mediated cAMP accumulation. Treatment of hippocampal neurons with Tat‐D1R aa 387–401 decreases the synaptic localization of D1R and the cell surface expression of D1R, but not the cell surface expression of α7 nicotinic receptor. Our data indicate that the interaction between NSF and D1R is important for the membrane localization of D1R. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Balancing cognition and emotion: Innovation implementation as a function of cognitive appraisal and emotional reactions toward innovation
Authors: Choi Jin Nam , Sung Sun Young , Lee Kyungmook , Cho Dong‐Sung 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFocusing on the role of emotions in understanding employee behavior, the present study identifies employees' emotional reactions toward innovation as a mediating process that explains the effects of institutional environment on collective innovation use in work units. We further employed the appraisal theory of emotion and affective events theory (AET) to conceptualize the relationships between cognitions and emotions involving innovation. This expanded conceptual model was tested using multi‐source data from 1150 employees and managers of 81 branches of a Korean insurance company that were implementing a new practice called Life‐Long Learning. Two contextual factors (management involvement and training for innovation) significantly predicted employees' collective cognitive appraisal of the innovation (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use). Collective cognitive appraisal in turn predicted employees' positive and negative emotions toward the innovation, which completely mediated the effects of contextual factors and cognitive appraisal on implementation effectiveness (consistent and committed use of the innovation in the branch). This study highlights the critical role of emotions in the context of innovation implementation, and shows the need for greater attention to emotional processes in examining organizational innovations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.