bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindanao Current/Undercurrent in an eddy‐resolving GCM
Authors: Qu Tangdong , Chiang Tzu‐Ling , Wu Chau‐Ron , Dutrieux Pierre , Hu Dunxin 
Published: June 2012

Analysis of results from an eddy‐resolving general circulation model showed two subsurface velocity cores in the mean within the depth range between 400 and 1000 m below the Mindanao Current (MC). One is confined to the inshore edge at about 126.8°E and connected with the Sulawesi Sea. The other takes place somewhat offshore around 127.7°E, being closely related to the intrusion of South Pacific water. Both cores are referred to as the Mindanao Undercurrent (MUC). The MC/MUC is approximately a geostrophic flow, except on the inshore edge of the MUC where up to 50% of the mean flow can be explained by ageostrophic dynamics. In contrast with the well‐defined southward flowing MC, the MUC is of high velocity variance relative to the mean. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis shows that approximately 60% of the total velocity variance is associated with two meandering modes, with their major signatures in the subthermocline. The dominant time scale of variability is 50–100 days. An ensemble of these meso‐scale fluctuations provides a northward freshwater flux on the offshore edge of the Philippine coast, which to a certain extent explains why water of South Pacific origin appears to extend farther northward than the mean MUC. In the offshore velocity core of the MUC, for example, eddy induced freshwater flux is equivalent to a mean flow of about 0.3 m s−1 in the density range between 26.9 and 27.3 kg m−3, which is greater than the mean current by a factor of 6.
The dependence of contrail formation on the weather pattern and altitude in the North Atlantic
Authors: Irvine E. A. , Hoskins B. J. , Shine K. P. 
Published: June 2012

Aircraft flying through cold ice‐supersaturated air produce persistent contrails which contribute to the climate impact of aviation. Here, we demonstrate the importance of the weather situation, together with the route and altitude of the aircraft through this, on estimating contrail coverage. The results have implications for determining the climate impact of contrails as well as potential mitigation strategies. Twenty‐one years of re‐analysis data are used to produce a climatological assessment of conditions favorable for persistent contrail formation between 200 and 300 hPa over the north Atlantic in winter. The seasonal‐mean frequency of cold ice‐supersaturated regions is highest near 300 hPa, and decreases with altitude. The frequency of occurrence of ice‐supersaturated regions varies with large‐scale weather pattern; the most common locations are over Greenland, on the southern side of the jet stream and around the northern edge of high pressure ridges. Assuming aircraft take a great circle route, as opposed to a more realistic time‐optimal route, is likely to lead to an error in the estimated contrail coverage, which can exceed 50% for westbound north Atlantic flights. The probability of contrail formation can increase or decrease with height, depending on the weather pattern, indicating that the generic suggestion that flying higher leads to fewer contrails is not robust.
On near‐tail bubble penetration into geosynchronous altitude
Authors: Kim H.‐S. , Lee D.‐Y. , Ohtani S. , Park M.‐Y. , Ahn B.‐H. 
Published: June 2012

Dipolarization of the magnetic field at the near‐Earth tail is usually associated with the local reduction of pV5/3 compared to that of the background, where p is the plasma pressure and V is the volume of the unit magnetic flux tube. This can be interpreted as a bubble, which can propagate earthward by the interchange process. How deep such a bubble can penetrate earthward, and what is the critical factor are critical questions that need to be answered. In this paper, we examine these issues by comparing near‐tail observations by inner probes of THEMIS with geosynchronous magnetic observations by GOES. We identified a number of bubble events associated with near‐tail dipolarization, which we call “tail bubble,” and checked geosynchronous disturbances. We find a statistical trend that geosynchronous disturbance is more likely to occur when associated with (or when hit by) an earthward moving tail bubble with a more‐depleted pV5/3. We estimated the background pV5/3 profile statistically and used it to determine expected equilibrium (or stop) positions for earthward moving bubbles where the bubble's pV5/3 is equal to that of the background. Statistically, we find that the equilibrium position is more inward for tail bubbles with a lower pV5/3, for which the probability of causing geosynchronous disturbance is higher. For example, the probability of a tail bubble being associated with geosynchronous disturbance is 75% if the bubble's equilibrium position is <8 RE. However, for all the events studied here, the bubble equilibrium positions are still outside the geosynchronous altitude. Although this result may be subject to change due to the uncertainty in estimating pV5/3 and the limited number of the events identified near geosynchronous altitude, we suggest that an overshooting of the penetrating bubbles beyond equilibrium positions is a possible explanation.
The RNA-binding protein CUG-BP1 increases survivin expression in oesophageal cancer cells through enhanced mRNA stability
Authors: Chang Elizabeth T. , Donahue James M. , Xiao Lan , Cui Yuhong , Rao Jaladanki N. , Turner Douglas J. , Twaddell William S. , Wang Jian-Ying , Battafarano Richard J. 
Published: June 2012

Survivin, a member of the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis protein) family, plays important roles in maintaining cellular homoeostasis and regulating cell-cycle progression. This IAP is overexpressed in oesophageal cancer cells, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and resistance to apoptosis. CUG-BP1 (CUG-binding protein 1) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the stability and translational efficiency of target mRNAs. In the present paper, we report that CUG-BP1 is overexpressed in oesophageal cancer cell lines and human oesophageal cancer specimens. CUG-BP1 associates with the 3′-untranslated region of survivin mRNA, thereby stabilizing the transcript and elevating its expression in oesophageal cancer cells. Our results show that overexpression of CUG-BP1 in oesophageal epithelial cells results in increased survivin mRNA stability and consequently survivin protein expression. Conversely, silencing CUG-BP1 in oesophageal cancer cells destabilizes survivin mRNA, lowering the level of survivin protein. In addition, we have found that altering CUG-BP1 expression modulates susceptibility to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of CUG-BP1 in oesophageal epithelial cells increases resistance to apoptosis, whereas silencing CUG-BP1 makes oesophageal cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Co-transfection experiments with small interfering RNA directed against survivin suggest that the anti-apoptotic role for CUG-BP1 is not entirely dependent on its effect on survivin expression.
Primary human endothelial cells secrete agents that reduce responsiveness to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)
Authors: Park Eun Young , Kazlauskas Andrius 
Published: June 2012

The plasma level of LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) (200–600 nM) is well within the range that promotes proliferation and migration of vascular ECs (endothelial cells), yet vessels are quiescent and stable. In this report, we considered one explanation for this paradox: that ECs secrete agents that attenuate responsiveness to LPA. Indeed, we observed that CM (conditioned medium) from confluent, quiescent cultures of primary HUVECs (human umbilical vein ECs) contained an agent that inhibited LPA-mediated signalling events and cellular responses. The putative inhibitor, which we tentatively call ILMR (inhibitor of LPA-mediated responsiveness) seemed to act on cells (instead of at the level of LPA) by suppressing the ability of LPA receptor 1 to signal. The amount and/or activity of ILMR was regulated by growth factors; exposing HUVECs to VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A), but not bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), reduced the amount and/or activity of ILMR in CM. We conclude that in addition to promoting angiogenesis directly, VEGF-A can also act indirectly by modulating the bioactivity of angiomodulators such as LPA.
Effects of prasugrel on platelet inhibition during systemic endotoxaemia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Spiel Alexander O. , Derhaschnig Ulla , Schwameis Michael , Bartko Johann , Siller-Matula Jolanta M. , Jilma Bernd 
Published: June 2012

P2Y12 receptor antagonists have become a mainstay for the treatment of CVD (cardiovascular diseases). However, they have rarely been evaluated under pathophysiological conditions apart from arterial diseases. We hypothesized interactions between prasugrel and enhanced vWF (von Willebrand Factor) release in a model of systemic inflammation, and compared the pharmacodynamic effects of prasugrel against placebo on agonist-induced platelet aggregation and shear-induced platelet plug formation. A total of 20 healthy male volunteers were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled two-way crossover trial. Each volunteer received either placebo or a 60 mg loading dose of prasugrel 2 h before endotoxin or placebo infusion. Platelet inhibition was measured with MEA (multiple electrode aggregometry), the PFA-100 system and the VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) phosphorylation assay. Prasugrel blunted various platelet aggregation pathways, including those induced by ADP (−81%), AA (arachidonic acid) (−60%), ristocetin (−75%; P&lt;0.001 for all) and, to a lesser degree, collagen or TRAP (thrombin-receptor-activating peptide). Prasugrel decreased shear-induced platelet plug formation, but vWF release during endotoxaemia partly antagonized the inhibitory effect of prasugrel as measured with the PFA-100 system. Endotoxaemia acutely decreased ristocetin and TRAP-induced platelet aggregation, and enhanced ristocetin-induced aggregation after 24 h. Strong in vivo blockade of P2Y12 inhibits a broad spectrum of platelet aggregation pathways. However, vWF release may reduce prasugrel's effects under high-shear conditions.
The Use and Productivity of Past Tense Morphology in Specific Language Impairment: An Examination of Danish
Authors: Vang Christensen Rikke , Hansson Kristina 
Published: June 2012

Purpose
The authors' primary goal was to investigate the potential of past tense inflection as a clinical marker of Danish specific language impairment (SLI). They also wished to test the predictions of the extended optional infinitive (EOI) account and processing based accounts of SLI on Danish.

Method

Using sentence completion and sentence repetition tasks, the authors investigated the use of past tense by 3 groups (
n
= 11 in each group): (a) children with SLI whose ages ranged from 5;2 (years;months) to 7;11; (b) children with typical language development matched on chronological age; and (c) children with typical language development matched on vocabulary.

Results
Participants with SLI were less likely to produce past tense than were both typically developing control groups. In particular, only the children with SLI had difficulties with accurately producing past tense verbs during the sentence repetition task. Past tense accuracy was associated with children’s productive vocabulary levels and proficiency with a nonword repetition task.

Conclusion
Past tense use is potentially a clinical marker of Danish SLI, but more research is needed to confirm this. Results provided mixed support for competing accounts of SLI.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170387
Audiovisual Speech Perception in Children With Developmental Language Disorder in Degraded Listening Conditions
Authors: Meronen Auli , Tiippana Kaisa , Westerholm Jari , Ahonen Timo 
Published: June 2012

Purpose
The effect of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the perception of audiovisual speech in children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD) was investigated by varying the noise level and the sound intensity of acoustic speech. The main hypotheses were that the McGurk effect (in which incongruent visual speech alters the auditory speech percept) would be weaker for children with DLD than for controls and that it would get stronger with decreasing SNR in both groups.

Method
The participants were 8-year-old children with DLD and a sample of children with normal language development. In the McGurk stimuli, the consonant uttered by the voice differed from that articulated by the face. Three sound intensities (24, 36, and 48 dB) and noise levels (−12, 0, and +6 dB) were used. Perception of unisensory visual speech was also measured.

Results
The children with DLD experienced a weak McGurk effect, that is, a weak influence of visual speech on audiovisual speech perception, which remained rather constant across SNR levels. The children with DLD were inaccurate at lipreading.

Conclusions
Children with DLD have problems in perceiving spoken consonants presented audiovisually and visually. The weaker McGurk effect could be accounted for by the poorer lipreading ability of children with DLD.
AMS Applications in Nuclear Astrophysics: New Results for 13C(n,γ) 14C and 14N(n,p) 14C
Authors: Wallner A. , Buczak K. , Dillmann I. , Feige J. , Käppeler F. , Korschinek G. , Lederer C. , Mengoni A. , Ott U. , Paul M. , Schätzel G. , Steier P. , Trautvetter H. P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe technique of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) offers a complementary tool for studying long-lived radionuclides in nuclear astrophysics: (1) as a tool for investigating nucleosynthesis in the laboratory; and (2) via a direct search of live long-lived radionuclides in terrestrial archives as signatures of recent nearby supernova-events. A key ingredient to our understanding of nucleosynthesis is accurate cross-section data. AMS was applied for measurements of the neutron-induced cross sections 13C(n,γ) and 14N(n,p), both leading to the long-lived radionuclide 14C. Solid samples were irradiated at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology with neutrons closely resembling a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution for kT = 25 keV, and with neutrons of energies between 123 and 178 keV. After neutron activation the amount of 14C nuclides in the samples was measured by AMS at the VERA (Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator) facility. Both reactions, 13C(n,γ)14C and 14N(n,p)14C, act as neutron poisons in s-process nucleosynthesis. However, previous experimental data are discordant. The new data for both reactions tend to be slightly lower than previous measurements for the 25 keV Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution. For the higher neutron energies no previous data did exist for 13C(n,γ), but model calculations indicated a strong resonance structure between 100 and 300 keV which is confirmed by our results. Very limited information is available for 14N(n,p) at these energies. Our new data at 123 and 178 keV suggest lower cross sections than expected from previous experiments and data evaluations.
Kinetic and structural studies, origins of selectivity, and interfacial charge transfer in the artificial photosynthesis of CO
Authors: Smieja Jonathan M. , Benson Eric E. , Kumar Bhupendra , Grice Kyle A. , Seu Candace S. , Miller Alexander J. M. , Mayer James M. , Kubiak Clifford P. 
Published: June 2012

The effective design of an artificial photosynthetic system entails the optimization of several important interactions. Herein we report stopped-flow UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray crystallographic, density functional theory (DFT), and electrochemical kinetic studies of the Re(bipy-
t
Bu)(CO)
3
(L) catalyst for the reduction of CO
2
to CO. A remarkable selectivity for CO
2
over H
+
was observed by stopped-flow UV-vis spectroscopy of [Re(bipy-
t
Bu)(CO)
3
]
-1
. The reaction with CO
2
is about 25 times faster than the reaction with water or methanol at the same concentrations. X-ray crystallography and DFT studies of the doubly reduced anionic species suggest that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) has mixed metal-ligand character rather than being purely doubly occupied

, which is believed to determine selectivity by favoring CO
2
(
σ
+
π
) over H
+
(
σ
only) binding. Electrocatalytic studies performed with the addition of Brönsted acids reveal a primary H/D kinetic isotope effect, indicating that transfer of protons to Re -CO
2
is involved in the rate limiting step. Lastly, the effects of electrode surface modification on interfacial electron transfer between a semiconductor and catalyst were investigated and found to affect the observed current densities for catalysis more than threefold, indicating that the properties of the electrode surface need to be addressed when developing a homogeneous artificial photosynthetic system.
Ideal MHD stability and performance of ITER steady-state scenarios with ITBs
Authors: Poli F.M. , Kessel C.E. , Chance M.S. , Jardin S.C. , Manickam J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Non-inductive steady-state scenarios on ITER will need to operate with internal transport barriers (ITBs) in order to reach adequate fusion gain at typical currents of 9 MA. The large pressure gradients at the location of the internal barrier are conducive to the development of ideal MHD instabilities that may limit the plasma performance and may lead to plasma disruptions. Fully non-inductive scenario simulations with five combinations of heating and current drive sources are presented in this work, with plasma currents in the range 7–10 MA. For each configuration the linear, ideal MHD stability is analysed for variations of the Greenwald fraction and of the pressure peaking factor around the operating point, aiming at defining an operational space for stable, steady-state operations at optimized performance. It is shown that plasmas with lower hybrid heating and current drive maintain the minimum safety factor above 1.5, which is desirable in steady-state operations to avoid neoclassical tearing modes. Operating with moderate ITBs at 2/3 of the minor radius, these plasmas have a minimum safety factor above 2, are ideal MHD stable and reach Q ≳ 5 operating above the ideal no-wall limit.
Astronomy and astrophysics with gravitational waves in the advanced detector era
Authors: Weinstein Alan J ,   for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration
Published: June 2012

Abstract
With the advanced gravitational wave detectors coming on line in the next 5 years, we expect to make the first detections of gravitational waves from astrophysical sources, and study the properties of the waves themselves as tests of general relativity. In addition, these gravitational waves will be powerful tools for the study of their astrophysical sources and source populations. They carry information that is quite complementary to what can be learned from electromagnetic or neutrino observations, probing the central gravitational engines that power the electromagnetic emissions at the outer layers of the source. Preparations are being made to enable near-simultaneous observations of both gravitational wave and electromagnetic observations of transient sources, using low-latency search pipelines and rapid sky localization. We will review the many opportunities for multi-messenger astronomy and astrophysics with gravitational waves enabled by the advanced detectors, and the preparations that are being made to quickly and fully exploit them.
Extremal ergodic measures and the finiteness property of matrix semigroups
Authors: Dai Xiongping , Huang Yu , Xiao MingQing 
Published: June 2012

Let

S

=
{

S
1

,
…
,

S
K

}

{\boldsymbol {S}}=\{S_1,\ldots ,S_K\}

be a finite set of complex

d
×
d

d\times d

matrices and

Σ

K

+

\varSigma _{\!K}^+

be the compact space of all one-sided infinite sequences

i

⋅

:

N

→
{
1
,
…
,
K
}

i_{\boldsymbol {\cdot }}\colon \mathbb {N}\rightarrow \{1,\dotsc ,K\}

. An ergodic probability

μ
∗

\mu _*

of the Markov shift

θ
:

Σ

K

+

→

Σ

K

+

;

i

⋅

↦

i

⋅
+
1

\theta \colon \varSigma _{\!K}^+\rightarrow \varSigma _{\!K}^+;\ i_{\boldsymbol {\cdot }}\mapsto i_{\boldsymbol {\cdot }+1}

, is called “extremal” for

S

{\boldsymbol {S}}

if

ρ

(

S

)
=

lim

n
→
∞

‖

S

i
1

⋯

S

i
n

‖

n

{\rho }({\boldsymbol {S}})=\lim _{n\to \infty }\sqrt [n]{\left \|S_{i_1}\cdots S_{i_n}\right \|}

holds for

μ
∗

\mu _*

-a.e.

i

⋅

∈

Σ

K

+

i_{\boldsymbol {\cdot }}\in \varSigma _{\!K}^+

, where

ρ
(

S

)

\rho ({\boldsymbol {S}})

denotes the generalized/joint spectral radius of

S

{\boldsymbol {S}}

. Using the extremal norm and the Kingman subadditive ergodic theorem, it is shown that

S

{\boldsymbol {S}}

has the spectral finiteness property (i.e.

ρ
(

S

)
=

ρ
(

S

i
1

⋯

S

i
n

)

n

\rho ({\boldsymbol {S}})=\sqrt [n]{\rho (S_{i_1}\cdots S_{i_n})}

for some finite-length word

(

i
1

,
…
,

i
n

)

(i_1,\ldots ,i_n)

) if and only if for some extremal measure

μ
∗

\mu _*

of

S

{\boldsymbol {S}}

, it has at least one periodic density point

i

⋅

∈

Σ

K

+

i_{\boldsymbol {\cdot }}\in \varSigma _{\!K}^+

.
Piebaldism
Authors: Oiso Naoki , Fukai Kazuyoshi , Kawada Akira , Suzuki Tamio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPiebaldism is an uncommon autosomal dominantly inherited pigment anomaly characterized by a congenital white forelock and leukoderma on the frontal scalp, forehead, ventral trunk and extremities. It is caused by a loss‐of‐function mutation in the KIT gene. Genetic analyses reveal a consistent genotype–phenotype relationship in piebaldism. However, recently reported cases of piebaldism that are milder or severer than genetically expected indicate that other factors, such as a modifier gene of MC1R, influence skin and hair color. The KIT ligand/KIT that triggers the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway play essential functions in the migration, proliferation, survival, melanogenesis and melanosome transfer of the melanocytes. We summarize current research progress in piebaldism and related disorders.
Autopsy case of delayed anaphylactic shock due to contrast medium
Authors: NAGAI Yayoi , TANAKA Yuko , NAKAZATO Yoichi , SUGAWARA Nobuyuki , ARAI Miho , OKADA Etsuko , KOYAMA Yoshinari , HINOHARA Hiroshi , YAMAMOTO Koujirou , KURABAYASHI Masahiko , NOJIMA Yoshihisa , ISHIKAWA Osamu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe report an autopsy case of delayed anaphylactic shock due to contrast medium. A 17‐year‐old Japanese man underwent angiography using non‐ionic contrast medium under the suspected diagnosis of Buerger’s disease. Initial symptoms appeared 6 h after the administration of the contrast medium, and death was confirmed 11 h later. Considering the clinical course and the results of the autopsy, we concluded that the direct cause of the patient’s death was severe acute circulatory failure due to a delayed allergic reaction to the contrast medium. The reported incidence of serious delayed reactions or biphasic reactions to non‐ionic contrast medium is extremely low; however, we should be aware of such rare adverse reactions.