bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detailed Visualization of the Functional Regions of the Rat Pituitary Gland by High‐Resolution T2‐Weighted MRI
Authors: Theunissen E. , Baeten K. , Vanormelingen L. , Lambrichts I. , Beuls E. , Gelan J. , Adriaensens P. 
Published: March 2010

With 5 figures and 1 tableSummaryThis high‐resolution MRI study focuses on the visualization of the detailed morphology of the rat’s pituitary gland by means of post‐mortem as well as in vivo MRI at 9.4 T. Determination of the local T1‐ and T2‐relaxation decay times allows to explain the regional image intensities which reflects the degree of tissue organization at the molecular level. Detailed characterization of the molecular level of the pituitary gland, as provided by the relaxation decay times, can offer a rigid platform with respect to functional or pathological explorations. It is demonstrated that T1‐weighted imaging, as is routinely used in the clinic, can differentiate between the posterior and anterior lobe but not between the posterior and intermediate lobe. T2‐weighted images, however, clearly show the three distinct lobes of the rat pituitary gland without the use of contrast agents, i.e. the posterior, the intermediate and the anterior lobe. Histological analysis of the rat’s pituitary gland confirms the morphological structures seen on the MR images. Although the intermediate lobe is less defined in humans and can neither be differentiated by T1‐weighted MRI, its clinical visualization might be possible in T2‐weighted images.
Dexmedetomidine hemodynamics in children after cardiac surgery
Authors: POTTS AMANDA L. , ANDERSON BRIAN J. , HOLFORD NICK H.G. , VU THUY C. , WARMAN GUY R. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryBackground: Dexmedetomidine has opposing effects on the cardiovascular system. Action in the central nervous system produces sympatholysis and a reduction in blood pressure, while peripherally it causes vasoconstriction leading to an increase in blood pressure. The purpose of our study is to define the concentration–response profile for these hemodynamic effects in children after cardiac surgery.Methods: A simultaneous pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis of data from 29 children given a single bolus of dexmedetomidine 1–4 mcg·kg−1following cardiac surgery was undertaken using mixed effects modeling. There were four dexmedetomidine concentrations available from each patient, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded electronically every 5 min for 5 h after drug administration. A composite Emax model was used to relate mean arterial pressure changes to plasma dexmedetomidine concentration.Results: Children had a mean age of 2.67 years (range 4 days–14 years) and a mean weight of 12.34 (range 3.4–48.4) kg. The peripheral vasopressor effect was directly related to plasma concentration with anEmaxposof 50.3 (CV 44.50%) mmHg, EC50pos1.1 (48.27%) μg·l−1and a Hillposcoefficient of 1.65. The delayed central sympatholytic response was described with anEmaxnegof −12.30 (CV 37.01%) mmHg, EC50neg0.10 (104.40%) μg·l−1and a Hillnegcoefficient of 2.35. The equilibration half‐time (T1/2keo) was 9.66 (165.23%) min.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine administered as a single bolus dose following cardiac surgery produces a biphasic effect on MAP. A plasma dexmedetomidine concentration of above 1.0 μg·l−1was associated with a 20% increase in MAP in this specific cohort. A dosage regimen involving a small bolus dose (0.5 μg·kg−1) followed by a continuous infusion should be used to avoid initial increases in MAP.
European Corporate Governance: a Thematic Analysis of National Codes of Governance
Authors: Cicon James E. , Ferris Stephen P. , Kammel Armin J. , Noronha Gregory 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUsing Latent Semantic Analysis techniques to analyse the corporate governance codes of 23 EU nations, we obtain a number of new findings regarding their thematic content, variability, and convergence. We determine that these codes can be decomposed into five common themes, with substantial cross‐sectional variability in their relative importance. We also find that the themes contained in these codes cluster in ways that are not fully consistent with the legal regime classifications of

La Porta et al. (1997)
, leading us to construct two new country clusters. We further discover that the identity of the code issuer (e.g., government versus stock exchange) is important in explaining a code's primary theme as well as changes in theme prominence over time. Finally, we fail to find evidence of an unchecked thematic convergence towards an Anglo‐Saxon model of corporate governance, with some code themes converging to UK practices while others diverge.
In vivo manifestation of Notch related phenotypes in zebrafish treated with Alzheimer’s amyloid reducing γ‐secretase inhibitors
Authors: Yang Ting , Arslanova Dilyara , Xu Xiaoyin , Li Yue‐Ming , Xia Weiming 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 1200–1209.Abstractγ‐Secretase is responsible for the final cleavage of amyloid precursor protein to generate the amyloid‐β protein, the major component of plaques in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients. γ‐Secretase inhibitors (GSI) have been explored for therapeutic inhibition of amyloid β protein generation, but mechanistic toxicity has been documented because of its blockage of γ‐secretase cleavage of several dozens of substrates including Notch. This becomes the primary obstacle for most inhibitors during the pre‐clinical development and the main concern for several compounds in the clinical trials. To predict potential side effects related to Notch signaling, we examined global effect of GSIs in vertebrate animal zebrafish. We have used two potent GSIs (GSI A and GSI 18) with a sub‐μM effective concentration for 50% amyloid β protein inhibition (EC50). Zebrafish embryos were treated with GSI A, 18 or a well characterized GSI N‐[N‐(3,5‐difluorophenacetyl‐l‐alanyl)]‐S‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester (DAPT), and transparent animals were examined for up to 7 days. GSI A had less abnormal phenotype in zebrafish, compared to GSI 18‐treated embryos that displayed curved tails, a loss of pigmentation, and reduced swim bladder and heart rate. To understand mechanistic effect at the molecular level, we examined Notch signaling in these GSI‐treated zebrafish. Notch phenotypes were observed in embryos treated with 50 and 10 μM GSI 18, but not with 10 μM GSI A. In accordance, in situ hybridization with a probe against Notch target gene her6 showed a weaker staining in embryos treated with 10 μM GSI 18 than those treated with 10 μM GSI A. In conclusion, phenotypic profile in whole animals offers important information on Notch related pathways and provides prediction of safe compounds during early development stages of therapeutic GSIs.
Pre‐synaptic glutamate‐induced activation of DA release in the striatum after partial nigral lesion
Authors: Dzahini Kwamivi , Dentresangle Christine , Le Cavorsin Marion , Bertrand Anne , Detraz Isabelle , Savasta Marc , Leviel Vincent 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)113, 1459–1470.AbstractThe present experiments aimed at understanding the functional link between dopamine (DA) and glutamate (GLU) during the compensatory processes taking place after partial DA denervation. Lesion of the lateral part of substantia nigra in rats using 6‐hydroxydopamine resulted in DA denervation of the lateral region of the ipsilateral caudate/putamen complex (CPc) whereas the medial CPc was spared.In vivovoltammetry revealed a large increase of extracellular dopamine (DAext) in the medial CPc both ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion. In addition,in vivomicrodialysis and HPLC‐ED revealed a concomitant increase of extracellular glutamate (GLUext) in the ipsilateral medial CPc. Post‐lesion chronic treatment with the putative neuroprotectors amantadine, memantine, and riluzole counteracted the tonic increases of DAextand GLUext, revealing a possible role of GLU neurotransmission in the DA over‐expression. Finally, acute low doses of GBR12909 had no effect on the DAextin sham‐ operated animals, but dramatically increased DAextin lesioned animals. The data suggest that a partial unilateral nigral lesion induces a bilateral increase of DA turn‐over in the non‐denervated striata through GLU afferences to the DA terminals.
Cell context‐dependent activities of parthenolide in primary and metastatic melanoma cells
Authors: Czyz M , Lesiak‐Mieczkowska K , Koprowska K , Szulawska‐Mroczek A , Wozniak M 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  Growing evidence implicates NF‐κB as an important contributor to metastasis and increased chemoresistance of melanoma. Here, we report the effects of parthenolide on either untreated, cisplatin‐ or TNFα‐treated melanoma cell lines A375, 1205Lu and WM793, exhibiting different levels of constitutive NF‐κB activity.Experimental approach:  Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to assess changes in NF‐κB activity, and real‐time PCR to evaluate expression of NF‐κB‐regulated genes. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Cell death was also visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Migration was determined by scratch assay and invasiveness by Matrigel assay.Key results:  Parthenolide suppressed both constitutive and induced NF‐κB activity in melanoma cells. This was accompanied by down‐regulation of cancer‐related genes, with NF‐κB‐binding sites in their promoters, including: Bcl‐XL, survivin, cyclin D1, interleukin 8 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. When the various effects of 6 µM parthenolide were compared, apoptosis associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was most efficiently induced in 1205Lu cells, cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase was observed in WM793 cells, and high metastatic potential was markedly reduced in A375 cells. These findings not only reflected differences between melanoma cell lines in basal expression of NF‐κB‐regulated genes, but also suggested other parthenolide targets involved in cell cycle progression, migration, invasiveness and survival.Conclusions:  Inhibition of constitutive and therapeutically induced NF‐κB pathway by parthenolide might be useful in the treatment of melanoma, although the diversity of changes induced in melanoma cells with different genetic backgrounds indicate context‐dependent poly‐pharmacological properties of this compound.
Edgar Hynes Thompson Centenary
Authors: Thompson S. , Atkinson K. B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA significant landmark for British and international photogrammetry, as well as for this journal, occurred in January 2010 with the centenary of the birth of E. H. Thompson. Soldier and academic, polymath and wit, his scholarly contribution to our discipline has endured long after his too early death in 1976. So too have the vivid memories of those who worked with him or who were taught by him. This centenary tribute has been written by an author, E. H. Thompson’s first cousin once removed, who has researched the Thompson family genealogy. The second author was a student and then an academic colleague of Thompson as well as being Assistant Editor of this journal for 11 years under Thompson’s editorship.
Landscape Composition Influences the Restoration of Subtropical Coastal Dune Forest
Authors: Grainger Matthew J. , van Aarde Rudi J. , Wassenaar Theo D. 
Published: March 2010

Successional processes should increase habitat complexity, and increase resources available for forest‐associated species. However, according to the theory of Island Biogeography, the size, amount of edge, and isolation of a habitat patch will influence the probability of successful colonization. If this is true for restoring patches of coastal dune forest, then restoration managers need to mitigate for spatial characteristics.We used patch occupancy models to assess correlations between the probability of forest birds and trees being present in a patch and patch characteristics that measured age, area, isolation, and the amount of edge. We surveyed birds and trees in an unmined coastal dune forest, remnant patches within the mine lease, and regenerating patches, some of which were being rehabilitated by a mining company. Contrary to expectations patch age only explained the patch occupancy of 6 of 21 birds and 11 of 25 woody plant species. Landscape spatial parameters, measuring edge, isolation, and area explained the patch occupancy of the remaining 15 birds and 14 woody plant species. However, responses to patch characteristics were varied and idiosyncratic. These varied responses may be related to species habitat affinities, dispersal abilities, and establishment constraints. For restoration to succeed, managers need to consider the spatial configuration of the landscape to facilitate colonization of rehabilitating patches.
Plasma Calprotectin Predicts Mortality in Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: JENSEN LOUISE J. N. , PEDERSEN SUNE , BJERRE METTE , MOGELVANG RASMUS , JENSEN JAN SKOV , FLYVBJERG ALLAN 
Published: March 2010

Background:
We investigated the predictive value of plasma calprotectin levels for mortality in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).
Methods and Results:
Plasma calprotectin levels were measured in 141 STEMI patients with acute occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and treated with pPCI. The plasma calprotectin levels were significantly higher in the STEMI patients compared with the 42 healthy controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, plasma calprotectin levels were higher in the 13 STEMI patients who died after a median follow‐up period of 12 months compared to the STEMI patients who survived: 209 μg/L versus 174 μg/L (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, complex lesions, and peak creatine kinase MB in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the relative risk of mortality was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.1–1.4) per 10 μg/L increase in calprotectin (P = 0.001). Furthermore, for patients with plasma calprotectin >177 μg/L the relative risk of mortality was 11.11 (95% CI: 2.2–56.0) (P = 0.004).
Conclusion:
Plasma calprotectin levels, determined at admission in STEMI patients successfully treated with pPCI, predict mortality over a period of 12 months, indicating that plasma calprotectin may be a new important prognostic biomarker in acute ischemic heart disease. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:123‐129)
Orofacial and dental injuries of snowboarders in Turkey
Authors: Çaglar Esber , Kuscu Ozgur Onder , Çalişkan Serhat , Sandalli Nuket 
Published: March 2010

Abstract –  Background/Aims:  Snowboard riding has increased in popularity during the last decade and is also remarkable for its dramatic rise in association with serious injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nature of dental or orofacial trauma in snowboard riders in Turkey, as well as to investigate if adolescent and young adult snowboard riders were aware of any protective measures.Methods:  An epidemiological survey was carried out through interviews with 86 snowboard riders in Turkey.Results and Conclusions:  Seventeen snowboard riders had been affected by orofacial trauma. Results revealed that all snowboarders were aware of helmet protection whereas 50 out of 86 (58%) reported that they used them. It should be concluded that from the moment a youngster begins to practice snowboard riding, (s)he should be encouraged to wear a helmet and a properly fitted mouthguard as part of the necessary protection for them to safely enjoy their sport.
Streptomyces lividans inhibits the proliferation of the fungus Verticillium dahliae on seeds and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Meschke Holger , Schrempf Hildgund 
Published: March 2010

SummaryVerticillium wilt, a vascular disease in more than 200 dicotyledonous plants, is due to the ascomycete fungus Verticillium dahliae. As documented by video‐microscopy, the soil bacterium Streptomyces lividans strongly reduces the germination of V. dahliae conidia, and the subsequent growth of hyphae. Quantification by the use of DNA‐intercalating dyes and Calcofluor‐staining revealed that during prolonged co‐cultivation, bacterial hyphae proliferate to a dense network, provoke a poor development of V. dahliae vegetative hyphae and lead to an enormous reduction of conidia and microsclerotia. Upon individual application to seeds of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, either the bacterial spores or the fungal conidia germinate at or within the mucilage, including its volcano‐shaped structures. The extension of hyphae from each individual strain correlates with the reduction of the pectin‐containing mucilage‐layer. Proliferating hyphae then spread to roots of the emerging seedlings. Plants, which arise in the presence of V. dahliae within agar or soil, have damaged root cells, an atrophied stem and root, as well as poorly developed leaves with chlorosis symptoms. In contrast, S. lividans hyphae settle in bunches preferentially at the outer layer near tips and alongside roots. Resulting plants have a healthy appearance including an intact root system. Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, which are co‐inoculated with V. dahliae and S. lividans, have preferentially proliferating bacterial hyphae within the mucilage, and at roots of the outgrowing seedlings. As a result, plants have considerably reduced disease symptoms. As spores of the beneficial S. lividans strain are obtainable in large quantity, its application is highly attractive.
Basal cell adenoma of the palate – a case report
Authors: Pesic Z. , Mihailovic D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report a case of basal cell adenoma of the palate in an 11‐year‐old girl. An 11 mm (diameter) round mobile, nontender mass was removed from the soft palate. Histologically, a well‐encapsulated tumour composed of solid epithelial nests with nuclear palisading, and ducts, in loose connective tissue stroma was found. Postoperatively, the patient was followed for 2 years. There were no signs of recurrence.
Peripheral osteoma of the mandible mimicking an ectopic condyle: a case report
Authors: Bjørnland T. , Berstad J.R. , Støre G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOsteoma is an uncommon benign neoplasm composed of mature bone and the growth is slow and continuous. The case of a 46‐year‐old man is presented. He presented with a large swelling on the left side close to the temporomandibular joint. He had suffered an accident with trauma to the head when he was 10‐years. After another trauma at the age of 35 he was examined and a computed tomography revealed a radiopaque mass laterally to the left condylar neck. The osteoma gradually increased in size and resembled an ectopic condyle. The osteoma was removed surgically through an intraoral approach, and no recurrence has been observed.
Distribution of the fungus‐gardening ant (Trachymyrmex septentrionalis) during and after a record drought
Authors: SEAL JON N. , TSCHINKEL WALTER R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract. 1. Insects are known to be influenced by global climate change, especially by drought and increased temperatures.2. Although ants are widely regarded to be indicator or keystone species and ecosystem engineers, we do not know how ants may respond to global climate change.3. This study reports the range contraction of an extremely abundant fungus‐gardening ant (Trachymyrmex septentrionalis) over a 3‐year period that coincided with the end of a record drought in southeastern North America.4. Reduction in nest number appears to be the result of an increase in water‐table levels and decrease in soil aridity.5. ThereforeT. septentrionalisshould be expected to increase its abundance and presumably its ecological impact during multiyear droughts.
Comparison of higher order aberration profiles between normal and amblyopic eyes in children with idiopathic amblyopia
Authors: Prakash Gaurav , Sharma Namrata , Saxena Rohit , Choudhary Vandana , Menon Vimla , Titiyal Jeewan S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the higher order aberrations and resultant bilateral wavefront patterns in paediatric patients with idiopathic amblyopia.Material and Methods:  In this cross sectional observational trial, seventeen consecutive patients of previously diagnosed idiopathic amblyopia underwent wavefront analysis on Zyoptix platform (Bausch and Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA).Results:  The mean age was 9 ± 3 years. There was no significant difference in comparison with means for the Zernike coefficients between normal and amblyopic eye. However, interrelation between Zernike coefficients, which is responsible for their interaction leading to difference in visual function, was different between amblyopic and fellow eyes. This was noticed using stepwise regression analysis. Predicting variables and R2 (r squared) values for each Zernike polynomial were calculated. The sets of significantly predicting coefficients were different in mostpatients, with only seven common pairs and 42 dissimilar dependent‐predictor sets. Maximum difference in the R‐squared values between amblyopic and normal (fellow) eyes was seen with coma‐like and trefoil‐like aberrations (third order and fifth order terms).Conclusion:  It seems a strong possibility that a subset of ‘idiopathic’ amblyopia may be associated with loss of symmetry in wavefront patterns of the two eyes.
Predictable signs of benign course of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: based upon the long‐term observation of non‐treated eyes
Authors: Okubo Akiko , Arimura Noboru , Abematsu Noriko , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To find predictable signs of benign polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).Methods:  Medical records of 13 eyes from 12 patients who were followed up for 5 years or longer without treatment among 258 consecutive patients with PCV were reviewed retrospectively. The main outcomes measured were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and fundus findings during the follow‐up period.Results:  The average age at presentation was 68 years, and the average follow‐up period after diagnosis was 80 months (range, 62–119 months). The initial mean logarithmic value of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA was 0.28 ± 0.26, and the final mean logMAR BCVA was 0.62 ± 0.72. The difference in the logMAR BCVA values between the two points was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The trend of change from baseline at 2‐year follow‐up was consistent with those at 5‐year follow‐up in nine eyes. Fundus findings at the initial examination were classified into two patterns: (i) reddish‐orange nodules and detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium with/without detachment of the neurosensory retina (nine eyes); (ii) reddish‐orange nodules alone, or nodules and small subretinal haemorrhage (four eyes). In the eyes with the first pattern, clinical course and visual prognosis were variable. An absence of hard exudates could be a sign to maintain a benign clinical course or stable vision with this pattern. The eyes with the second pattern took a benign clinical course with stable vision.Conclusions:  There is certainly a group of PCV eyes with a benign prognosis. Considering the huge cost and risk of current therapies, the initial ocular findings could be deciding factors that determine the necessity for further treatment.
SOME CASES OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY? PANTOMIME MASKS AND THEIR CONTEXT
Authors: JORY JOHN 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Pantomime, a form of masked mime, is known in the Hellenistic world from the third century BC. In a modified form it was the most popular type of performance on the stages of the Roman empire. The masks worn differed from the masks of drama in that they had closed mouths. The first part of the paper demonstrates that it is possible to classify types of pantomime mask in the same way that the masks of drama have been classified. The second part looks at the chronology and provenance of the surviving representations of pantomime masks and suggests reasons for the different dates at which they were incorporated into the theatrical iconography of various areas of the Roman world.