bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural recursion with locally scoped names
Authors: PITTS ANDREW M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper introduces a new recursion principle for inductively defined data modulo α-equivalence of bound names that makes use of Odersky-style local names when recursing over bound names. It is formulated in simply typed λ-calculus extended with names that can be restricted to a lexical scope, tested for equality, explicitly swapped and abstracted. The new recursion principle is motivated by the nominal sets notion of ‘α-structural recursion’, whose use of names and associated freshness side-conditions in recursive definitions formalizes common practice with binders. The new calculus has a simple interpretation in nominal sets equipped with name-restriction operations. It is shown to adequately represent α-structural recursion while avoiding the need to verify freshness side-conditions in definitions and computations. The paper is a revised and expanded version of Pitts (Nominal System T. InProceedings of the 37th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL 2010 (Madrid, Spain). ACM Press, pp. 159–170, 2010).
Effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the abundance and habitat occupancy of two endemic hornbill species in Buton island, Sulawesi
Authors: WINARNI NURUL L. , JONES MARTIN 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe Red-knobbed HornbillRhyticeros cassidixand the Sulawesi Tarictic HornbillPenelopides exarhatusare endemic to Sulawesi. This study assessed the effect of anthropogenic disturbance on these two species in Lambusango forest, Buton, south-east Sulawesi. Data were collected between 2005 and 2007 in six study sites which varied in their levels of disturbance. Two of the lightly disturbed and two of the more heavily disturbed sites were within ‘protection forest’ whereas the rest were classified as ‘production forest’. We used point counts with distance sampling to survey the hornbills. Habitat data were also collected at each of the points and related to hornbill ‘occupancy’ with the program PRESENCE. Both hornbills were estimated to be at higher density in the lightly disturbed forest but the level of disturbance had more of a detrimental effect on Red-knobbed Hornbill than on Sulawesi Tarictic Hornbill. Lightly disturbed forest had significantly more large trees than the heavily disturbed forest but there was no difference in the abundance of figs. Using four covariates (disturbance level, protection status, number of large trees, and number of figs), 99% of presence/absence of Red-knobbed Hornbills at the points could be explained by habitat disturbance and 87% by forest status; the same covariates explained 76% of presence/absence for the Sulawesi Tarictic Hornbill with abundance of large trees as the most important factor. These results support the notion that Red-knobbed Hornbill is more sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and its conservation is highly dependent upon the preservation of forest habitats with low levels of disturbance.
Fontan conversion with concomitant arrhythmia surgery for the failing atriopulmonary connections: mid-term results from a single centre
Authors: Sridhar Anuradha , Giamberti Alessandro , Foresti Sara , Cappato Riccardo , Rubio-Iglesias García Carlos , Cabrera Nerea Delgado , Micheletti Angelo , Negura Diana , Bussadori Claudio , Butera Gianfranco , Frigiola Alessandro , Carminati Mario , Chessa Massimo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectivesClassical Atriopulmonary Fontan connections tend to fail in the long term due to progressive anastomotic site obstruction, right atrial enlargement, and refractory atrial arrhythmias. Conversion to total cavopulmonary connection with concomitant arrhythmia surgery is a promising treatment but optimal timing of the procedure remains controversial.MethodsBetween the years 2002 and 2009, 15 patients with a median age of 26.2 (12–43) years underwent Fontan conversion operation with concomitant arrhythmia surgery. All were symptomatic and 14 out of the 15 patients had refractory arrhythmias. The duration of pre-operative arrhythmia and the outcome of surgery were correlated to study the impact of delay in surgical intervention on post-operative survival and arrhythmia control.ResultsThere were two patients who died in the early post-operative period (13.3%). At the mid-term follow-up, 53 (20–86) months, late atrial arrhythmias had recurred in two of the 13 surviving patients (15.30%) and one patient developed late sinus node dysfunction. The need for anti-arrhythmic drugs decreased considerably from 93.5% to 15.3% on mid-term follow-up. There was no late death or need for cardiac transplantation. The duration of arrhythmia before surgery was prolonged for more than 10 years in patients who died as well as in those who had complications like late recurrence of arrhythmias, dependence on anti-arrhythmic medications, and worsening of ventricular dysfunction.ConclusionsFontan conversion is a well-established treatment option for salvaging the failing atriopulmonary connections. Concomitant arrhythmia surgery effectively resolves the refractory atrial arrhythmias and improves survival, but we need to optimise the timing of Fontan conversion to improve the long-term outcome.
Translabyrinthine nerve section: effect on tinnitus
Authors: Barrs David M. , Brackmann Derald E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe effect on tinnitus in 110 patients undergoing translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section is presented. The effect on tinnitus of vestibular and cochlear nerve section (VCNS) together and vestibular nerve section (VNS) alone was studied. The number of patients improved with VCNS (61 per cent) was slightly better than with VNS alone (49 per cent). VNS alone worsened tinnitus more often than VCNS. Age, side involved, sex, etiology of vertigo, severity of tinnitus, interference with sleep and activities, slope of the pre-operative audiogram, and magnitude of the hearing loss had no value in predicting the change in tinnitus following either VNS or VCNS.
A biochemical analysis of the constraints of tail-anchored protein biogenesis
Authors: Leznicki Pawel , Warwicker Jim , High Stephen 
Published: May 2011

TA (tail-anchored) proteins utilize distinct biosynthetic pathways, including TRC40 (transmembrane domain recognition complex of 40 kDa)-mediated, chaperone-dependent and/or unassisted routes to the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane. We have addressed the flexibility of cytosolic components participating in these pathways, and explored the thermodynamic constraints of their membrane insertion, by exploiting recombinant forms of Sec61β and Cytb5 (cytochrome b5) bearing covalent modifications within their TA region. In both cases, efficient membrane insertion relied on cytosolic factors capable of accommodating a surprising range of covalent modifications to the TA region. For Sec61β, we found that both SGTA (small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein α) and TRC40 can bind this substrate with a singly PEGylated TA region. However, by introducing two PEG [poly(ethylene glycol)] moieties, TRC40 binding can be prevented, resulting in a block of subsequent membrane integration. Although TRC40 can bind Sec61β polypeptides singly PEGylated at different locations, membrane insertion is more sensitive to the precise location of PEG attachment. Modelling and experimentation indicate that this post-TRC40 effect results from an increased energetic cost of inserting different PEGylated TA regions into the lipid bilayer. We therefore propose that the membrane integration of TA proteins delivered via TRC40 is strongly dependent upon underlying thermodynamics, and speculate that their insertion is via a phospholipid-mediated process.
Conservation of targeting but divergence in function and quality control of peroxisomal ABC transporters: an analysis using cross-kingdom expression
Authors: Zhang Xuebin , De Marcos Lousa Carine , Schutte-Lensink Nellie , Ofman Rob , Wanders Ronald J. , Baldwin Stephen A. , Baker Alison , Kemp Stephan , Theodoulou Frederica L. 
Published: May 2011

ABC (ATP-binding cassette) subfamily D transporters are found in all eukaryotic kingdoms and are known to play essential roles in mammals and plants; however, their number, organization and physiological contexts differ. Via cross-kingdom expression experiments, we have explored the conservation of targeting, protein stability and function between mammalian and plant ABCD transporters. When expressed in tobacco epidermal cells, the mammalian ABCD proteins ALDP (adrenoleukodystrophy protein), ALDR (adrenoleukodystrophy-related protein) and PMP70 (70 kDa peroxisomal membrane protein) targeted faithfully to peroxisomes and P70R (PMP70-related protein) targeted to the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), as in the native host. The Arabidopsis thaliana peroxin AtPex19_1 interacted with human peroxisomal ABC transporters both in vivo and in vitro, providing an explanation for the fidelity of targeting. The fate of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy disease-related mutants differed between fibroblasts and plant cells. In fibroblasts, levels of ALDP in some ‘protein-absent’ mutants were increased by low-temperature culture, in some cases restoring function. In contrast, all mutant ALDP proteins examined were stable and correctly targeted in plant cells, regardless of their fate in fibroblasts. ALDR complemented the seed germination defect of the Arabidopsis cts-1 mutant which lacks the peroxisomal ABCD transporter CTS (Comatose), but neither ALDR nor ALDP was able to rescue the defect in fatty acid β-oxidation in establishing seedlings. Taken together, our results indicate that the mechanism for trafficking of peroxisomal membrane proteins is shared between plants and mammals, but suggest differences in the sensing and turnover of mutant ABC transporter proteins and differences in substrate specificity and/or function.
Clinical and haemodynamic correlates of heart rate turbulence as a non-invasive index of baroreflex sensitivity in chronic heart failure
Authors: La Rovere Maria Teresa , Maestri Roberto , Pinna Gian Domenico , Sleight Peter , Febo Oreste 
Published: May 2011

HRT (heart rate turbulence), describing the heart rate changes following a premature ventricular contraction, has been regarded as an indirect index of baroreflex function. However, limited data are available on its relationship with invasive assessment by phenylephrine injection (Phe-slope). In the present study, we therefore compared these methodologies in a series of patients with HF (heart failure) in which both measures together with clinical and haemodynamic data were available. HRT parameters [TO (turbulence onset) and TS (turbulence slope)] were measured from 24-h Holter recordings obtained within 1 week of baroreflex sensitivity assessment and right heart haemodynamic evaluation (Swan-Ganz catheter). HRT was computable in 135 out of 157 (86%) patients who had both a phenylephrine test and haemodynamic evaluation. TO and TS significantly correlated with Phe-slope (r=−0.39, P&lt;0.0001 and r=0.66, P&lt;0.0001 respectively). Age, baseline heart rate, LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction), PCP (pulmonary capillary pressure), CI (cardiac index) and sodium were significant and independent predictors of Phe-slope, accounting for 51% of its variability. Similarly, age, baseline heart rate and PCP, and NYHA (New York Heart Association) classes III–IV were independent predictors for TS and explained 48% of its variability, whereas only CI and LVEF were found to be significantly related to TO and explained a very limited proportion (20%) of the variability. In conclusion, these results suggest that HRT may be regarded as a surrogate measure of baroreflex sensitivity in clinical and prognostic evaluation in patients with HF.
The WHICH? trial: rationale and design of a pragmatic randomized, multicentre comparison of home‐ vs. clinic‐based management of chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Stewart Simon , Carrington Melinda J. , Marwick Thomas , Davidson Patricia M. , Macdonald Peter , Horowitz John , Krum Henry , Newton Phillip J. , Reid Christopher , Scuffham Paul A. ,   on behalf of the Which Heart failure Intervention is most Cost‐effective & consumer friendly in reducing Hospital care (WHICH?) trial Investigators
Published: May 2011

AimsTo describe the rationale and design of the Which Heart failure Intervention is most Cost‐effective & consumer friendly in reducing Hospital care (WHICH?) trial.MethodsWHICH? is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomized controlled trial that seeks to determine if multidisciplinary management of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients post‐acute hospitalization delivered in a patient's own home is superior to care delivered via a specialist CHF outpatient clinic. The composite primary endpoint is all‐cause, unplanned recurrent hospitalization or death during 12–18 months of follow‐up. Of 688 eligible patients, 280 patients (73% male and 66% principal diagnosis of CHF) with a mean age of 71 ± 14 years have been randomized to home‐ (n = 143) or clinic‐based (n = 137) post‐discharge management. This will provide 80% power (two‐sided alpha of 0.05) to detect a 15% absolute difference in both the primary end‐point and rate of all‐cause hospital stay. Preliminary data suggest that the two groups are well matched in nearly all baseline socio‐economic and clinical parameters. The majority of patients have significant co‐morbidity, including hypertension (63%), coronary artery disease (55%), and atrial fibrillation (53%) with an accordingly high Charlson Index of Comorbidity Score (6.1 ± 2.4).PerspectiveDespite its relatively small size, the WHICH? trial is well placed to examine the relative impact of two of the most commonly applied forms of face‐to‐face management designed to reduce recurrent hospitalization and prolong survival in CHF patients.
A whole‐genome association study for pig reproductive traits
Authors: Onteru S. K. , Fan B. , Du Z‐Q. , Garrick D. J. , Stalder K. J. , Rothschild M. F. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryA whole‐genome association study was performed for reproductive traits in commercial sows using the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip and Bayesian statistical methods. The traits included total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), number of stillborn (SB), number of mummified foetuses at birth (MUM) and gestation length (GL) in each of the first three parities. We report the associations of informative QTL and the genes within the QTL for each reproductive trait in different parities. These results provide evidence of gene effects having temporal impacts on reproductive traits in different parities. Many QTL identified in this study are new for pig reproductive traits. Around 48% of total genes located in the identified QTL regions were predicted to be involved in placental functions. The genomic regions containing genes important for foetal developmental (e.g. MEF2C) and uterine functions (e.g. PLSCR4) were associated with TNB and NBA in the first two parities. Similarly, QTL in other foetal developmental (e.g. HNRNPD and AHR) and placental (e.g. RELL1 and CD96) genes were associated with SB and MUM in different parities. The QTL with genes related to utero‐placental blood flow (e.g. VEGFA) and hematopoiesis (e.g. MAFB) were associated with GL differences among sows in this population. Pathway analyses using genes within QTL identified some modest underlying biological pathways, which are interesting candidates (e.g. the nucleotide metabolism pathway for SB) for pig reproductive traits in different parities. Further validation studies on large populations are warranted to improve our understanding of the complex genetic architecture for pig reproductive traits.
A systematic review on the mental health of children and adolescents in areas of armed conflict in the Middle East
Authors: Dimitry L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFor many decades, the Middle East has been troubled with numerous long‐standing armed conflicts and wars. Children and adolescents were not spared the trauma and its consequences. Exposure to traumatic events can result in mental, behavioural and emotional problems in children and adolescents. To date, this is the first paper that aims to systematically review the literature on the mental health of children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict in the Middle East, specifically Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and Iraq. It explores factors that mediate between exposure to armed conflict and mental, behavioural and emotional problems and places them in a cultural context. Pubmed was searched and papers were identified using specific inclusion criteria. Seventy‐one eligible studies were included. The main findings are that children and adolescents living in these conflict zones are exposed to high levels of traumatic experiences. Number of conflict‐related traumatic experiences correlates positively with prevalence of mental, behavioural and emotional problems. Prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents is estimated to be 5–8% in Israel, 23–70% in Palestine and 10–30% in Iraq (insufficient data for Lebanon). The main determining factors identified were level and type of exposure, age, gender, socio‐economic adversity, social support and religiosity. These findings bring to light the pressing need to provide children and adolescents living in conflict areas with help. They are useful in designing new interventions to strengthen child and adolescent resilience in areas of conflict worldwide. Specific recommendations are included.
Validity in assessing time processing ability, test equating of KaTid‐Child and KaTid‐Youth
Authors: Janeslätt G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground  There is a need for instruments with acceptable psychometric properties for measuring time management/time processing ability. KaTid‐Child (Swedish: Kit for assessing Time processing ability) was developed for children aged 5–10 years. To meet needs of assessing older children, KaTid‐Youth was created. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of KaTid‐Youth.Methods  This study investigates the validity of KaTid‐Youth using Rasch models: partial credit and common item equating.Results  Results indicate that KaTid‐Youth has acceptable psychometric properties and seems to measure the same construct as KaTid‐Child.Conclusions  Indications of gender differences in the sample call for further research. The results indicate that time processing ability can be seen as one construct in which time perception, orientation and management can be operationalized as different levels of complexity in time processing ability. Expressions of time processing ability differ at different ages. Thus, early intervention in time perception and time orientation may be needed to promote time management in later childhood. Professionals need to take time processing ability into consideration when meeting children who risk delayed development of daily time management.
Amplicon‐based high‐throughput pooled sequencing identifies mutations in CYP7B1 and SPG7 in sporadic spastic paraplegia patients
Authors: Schlipf NA , Schüle R , Klimpe S , Karle KN , Synofzik M , Schicks J , Riess O , Schöls L , Bauer P 
Published: May 2011

Schlipf NA, Schüle R, Klimpe S, Karle KN, Synofzik M, Schicks J, Riess O, Schöls L, Bauer P. Amplicon‐based high‐throughput pooled sequencing identifies mutations in CYP7B1 and SPG7 in sporadic spastic paraplegia patients.Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder defined clinically by progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness. HSP is a genetically highly heterogeneous condition with at least 46 gene loci identified so far, involving X‐linked, autosomal recessive (AR) and autosomal dominant inheritance. For correct diagnosis, molecular testing is essential because clinical parameters by themselves are not reliable to differentiate HSP forms. The purpose of this study was to establish amplicon‐based high‐throughput genotyping for AR‐HSP. A sample of 187 index cases with apparently sporadic or recessive spastic paraplegia were analyzed by applying an array‐based amplification strategy. Amplicon libraries of the CYP7B1–(SPG5) and SPG7–gene were generated followed by a pooled next‐generation sequencing (NGS) approach. We identified three SPG5 and seven SPG7 patients. All had one homozygous or two heterozygous mutations. In total, 20 distinct mutations (CYP7B1,n = 4and SPG7,n = 16) including two novel CYP7B1 mutations (p.G51R and p.E211KfsX3) and eight novel SPG7 mutations (p.Leu8delinsLeuLeu, p.W29X, p.R139X, p.R247X, p.G344D, p.Leu346_Leu347ins11, p.R398X and p.R398Q) were detected by this comprehensive genetic testing. Our study illustrates how amplicon‐based NGS can be used as an efficient tool to study genotypes and mutations in large patient cohorts and complex phenotypes.
Persistence of influenza vaccine‐induced antibodies in lung transplant patients between seasons
Authors: Moran J.J.M. , Rose W.E. , Darga A.J. , Rohde K.A. , Hayney M.S. 
Published: May 2011

J.J.M. Moran, W.E. Rose, A.J. Darga, K.A. Rohde, M.S. Hayney. Persistence of influenza vaccine‐induced antibodies in lung transplant patients between seasons. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 466–470. xx: 000–000. All rights reservedBackground. Immunization policy‐making bodies advised against immunizing too early before the influenza season because vaccine‐specific antibody may wane before the end of the influenza season. Lung transplant patients are included in the group of high‐risk patients for whom this recommendation had been made. We hypothesized that immunosuppressed lung transplant patients would maintain protective concentrations of influenza antigen‐specific antibodies between seasons.Methods. As part of a planned 5‐year study of influenza vaccine responses in lung transplant patients, we measured influenza antibody concentrations by hemagglutination inhibition assay before influenza immunization annually. The fraction of lung transplant patients who maintained seroprotective levels (≥40 hemagglutination units) approximately 11 months from last season immunization was calculated. Antibody concentrations and response rates in lung transplant patients were compared with healthy individuals and those waiting for lung transplantation.Results. The majority of lung transplant patients maintained seroprotective influenza antigen‐specific antibody concentrations for approximately 11 months after immunization. Seroprotection rates varied greatly with influenza antigens (healthy 68–100%, pretransplant 44–100%, transplant 64–100%), and were similar when groups were compared. More than 70% of lung transplant patients maintained seroprotective antibody concentrations to 10 of 11 vaccine antigens.Conclusion. Seroprotective influenza antibody concentrations are maintained at very high rates among immunosuppressed lung transplant patients and depend more on the vaccine virus than the immunostatus of the vaccine recipient. Early seasonal influenza immunization of lung transplant patients is appropriate.