bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WEIR POOL SURCHARGE AND A CORRESPONDING INCREASE IN ALGAL BIOFILM COMMUNITY DIVERSITY IN THE LOWER RIVER MURRAY, SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Authors: Souter N. J. , Walter M. , Wen L. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTLowland rivers impounded by weirs are often operated to provide stable water levels. In the lower River Murray, stable water levels promote algal biofilms dominated by stalked diatoms, filamentous green algae and Cyanobacteria. In summer 2005–2006, the Lock 5 weir pool was surcharged for environmental benefit. Algal biofilms grown on artificial substrates were compared to the following year when the water level remained stable. On both occasions, substrates were fixed at 300‐mm depth in the river channel and a connected wetland. During the surcharge, additional floating substrates were deployed to control for the change in water level. The algal communities that developed during both years were dominated by diatoms. A greater diversity in the biofilm community was evident during the 4‐month surcharge when compared with the following year. This was due to a much greater change in algal biofilm community composition over the 4 months of the surcharge, compared with biofilms grown during a period of stable water level, when the community changed little after 1 month. The lack of difference between fixed and floating substrates suggests that the change in water level was not responsible for the difference between the surcharge and stable level biofilms. Possible reasons for the difference between years include light, nutrients and water temperature. Although the effect of the surcharge could not be definitively defined, these results provide some evidence that weir pool surcharge may be used to improve algal biofilm diversity when compared with the current stable water level regime. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and StructuralCharacterization of RuII‐DMSO and RuIII‐DMSO‐substituted α‐Keggin‐type Phosphotungstates, [PW11O39RuIIDMSO]5– and [PW11O39RuIIIDMSO]4–, and Catalytic Activity for Water Oxidation
Authors: Sadakane Masahiro , Rinn Niklas , Moroi Sachie , Kitatomi Hiroaki , Ozeki Tomoji , Kurasawa Mariko , Itakura Masaya , Hayakawa Shinjiro , Kato Kazuo , Miyamoto Mayumi , Ogo Shuhei , Ide Yusuke , Sano Tsuneji 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRuII‐ and RuIII‐substituted α‐Keggin‐type phosphotungstates with a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ligand, [PW11O39RuIIDMSO]5– (1) and [PW11O39RuIIIDMSO]4– (2), were synthesized. Compound 1 was prepared by reaction of [PW11O39]7– with [RuII(DMSO)4]Cl2 in water at 125 °C under hydrothermal conditions and was isolated as a cesium salt. Compound 2 was prepared by reaction of 1 with bromine in water at 60 °C and was isolated as a cesium salt. The compounds were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, elemental analysis, UV/Vis, IR,31P NMR, 183W NMR, 1H NMR, and XANES (Ru K‐edge and L3‐edge)spectroscopic methods. Single crystal structural analysis of 1 revealed that RuII is incorporated in the α‐Keggin framework and coordinated by DMSO through a Ru–S bond. Cyclic voltammetry of 1 indicated that the incorporated RuII‐DMSO is reversibly oxidizable to the RuIII‐DMSO derivative 2. Compound 1 showed catalytic activity for water oxidation in the presence of cerium ammonium nitrate as an oxidant.
Anion Binding of a Protonated Tripodal Tris(ferrocenylurea) Receptor
Authors: Li Minrui , Wu Biao , Cui Fengjuan , Hao Yongjing , Huang Xiaojuan , Yang Xiao‐Juan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTwo anion complexes of a tripodal tris(ferrocenylurea) receptor (L), (LH)·CF3SO3 (1) and (LH)·HSO4 (2), were obtained from L and triflic acid or sulfuric acid, respectively. Crystal structural analyses show that the receptor in the two 1:1 (host/guest) complexes is protonated (on the bridgehead tertiary amine), and the CF3SO3– or HSO4– anion is located outside the tripodal cavity and anchored by the urea and CH groups of the receptor by hydrogen bonds. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies confirmed the binding mode in solution.
Etoposide, cisplatin–etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin‐D as primary treatment for management of very‐high‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Cyriac Sanju , Rajendranath Rejiv , Sridevi Veluswami , Sagar Tenali G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of etoposide, cisplatin–etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin‐D (EP–EMA) chemotherapy as the frontline treatment for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients with very high (≥ 12) FIGO prognostic scores.MethodsNine patients with very‐high‐risk GTN were treated with EP–EMA at the Cancer Institute, Adyar, India, between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2007. Salvage chemotherapy, adjuvant surgery, and radiotherapy were used when indicated. Clinical response, toxicity, and survival were analyzed separately.ResultsThe median FIGO score was 15. Six (66.7%) patients had a complete clinical response, whereas progressive disease occurred for 3 (33.3%) women. None of the patients relapsed. This translated to an overall survival rate of 66.7% in the primary setting. All patients with liver‐only metastases were survivors after treatment with EP–EMA. Grade 3 neutropenia was detected in 3 (33.3%) patients only. No life‐threatening toxicity was observed after EP–EMA treatment.ConclusionEP–EMA was highly effective for the primary management of very‐high‐risk GTN.
The continental shelf of the Russian Arctic region: the state of the art in the study and exploration of oil and gas resources
Authors: Kaminskii V.D. , Suprunenko O.I. , Suslova V.V. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The Arctic shelf of Russia bears huge oil and gas resources. Twenty-seven oil and gas fields (including ten sea-coastal) were discovered in the Barents (with the Pechora) and Kara Seas. Today, however, none of the offshore fields is developed, and the overall degree of the geological and geophysical study of the shelf is still low. A complex of actions is proposed to accelerate the exploration and development of oil and gas resources of the Russian Arctic seas.
Uzon volcano caldera (Kamchatka): A unique natural laboratory of the present-day naphthide genesis
Authors: Kontorovich A.E. , Bortnikova S.B. , Karpov G.A. , Kashirtsev V.A. , Kostyreva E.A. , Fomin A.N. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Oil shows from the thermal springs of the Uzon volcano caldera have been studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. Based on the composition and distribution of biomarker molecules, their genetic identity with the organic matter of Pliocene–Quaternary deposits has been established. It has been shown that the Uzon caldera is a unique natural laboratory of the present-day oil formation from the organic matter of Pliocene–Quaternary sediments. It has been stated that attempts to consider the compounds forming these oil shows as a product of hydrothermal abiogenic synthesis are absolutely unfounded.
Algebraically diverging modes upstream of a swept bluff body
Authors: Obrist Dominik , Schmid Peter J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractClassical stability theory for swept leading-edge boundary layers predicts eigenmodes in the free stream with algebraic decay far from the leading edge. In this article, we extend the classical base flow solution by Hiemenz to a uniformly valid solution for the flow upstream of a bluff body, which includes a three-dimensional boundary layer, an inviscid stagnation-point flow and an outer parallel flow. This extended, uniformly valid base flow additionally supports modes which diverge algebraically outside the boundary layer. The theory of wave packet pseudomodes is employed to derive analytical results for the growth rates and for the eigenvalue spectra of this type of mode. The complete spectral analysis of the flow, including the algebraically diverging modes, will give a more appropriate basis for receptivity studies and will more accurately describe the interaction of perturbations in the free stream with disturbances in the boundary layer.
Making biomedicine in twentieth-century Italy: Domenico Marotta (1886–1974) and the Italian Higher Institute of Health
Authors: COZZOLI DANIELE , CAPOCCI MAURO 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper focuses on the role played by Domenico Marotta, director of the ISS (Higher Institute of Health) for over twenty-five years, in the development of twentieth-century Italian biomedicine. We will show that Marotta aimed to create an integrated centre for research and production able to interact with private industry. To accomplish this, Marotta shifted the original mission of the ISS, from public health to scientific research. Yet Mussolini's policy turned most of the ISS resources towards controls and military tasks, opposing Marotta's aspiration. By contrast, in the post-war years Marotta was able to turn the ISS into the most important Italian biomedical research institution, where research and production fruitfully cohabited. Nobel laureates, such as Ernst Chain, and future Nobel laureates, such as Daniel Bovet, were hired. The ISS built up an integrated research and production centre for penicillin and antibiotics. In the 1960s, Marotta's vision was in accord with the new centre-left government. However, he pursued his goals by ruling the ISS autocratically and beyond any legal control. This eventually led to his downfall and prosecution. This also marked the decline of the ISS, intertwined with the weakness of the centre-left government, who failed to achieve structural reforms and couple the modernization of the country with the democratization of its scientific institutions.
‘Stargazers at the world's end’: telescopes, observatories and ‘views’ of empire in the nineteenth-century British Empire
Authors: MCALEER JOHN 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article argues that the study of astronomical observing instruments, their transportation around the globe and the personal and professional networks created by such exchanges are useful conceptual tools in exploring the role of science in the nineteenth-century British Empire. The shipping of scientific instruments highlights the physical and material connections that bound the empire together. Large, heavy and fragile objects, such as transit circles, were difficult to transport and repair. As such, the logistical difficulties associated with their movement illustrate the limitations of colonial scientific enterprises and their reliance on European centres. The discussion also examines the impact of the circulation of such objects on observatories and astronomers working in southern Africa, India and St Helena by tracing the connections between these places and British scientific institutions, London-based instrument-makers, and staff at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. It explores the ways in which astronomy generally, and the use of observing instruments in particular, relate to broader themes about the applications of science, the development of colonial identities, and the consolidation of empire in the first half of the nineteenth century. In considering these issues, the article illustrates the symbiotic relationship between science and empire in the period, demonstrating the overlap between political and strategic considerations and purely scientific endeavours. Almost paradoxically, as they trained their sights and their telescopes on the heavens, astronomers and observers helped to draw diverse regions of the earth beneath closer together. By tracing the movement of instruments and the arcs of patronage, cooperation and power that these trajectories inscribe, the role of science and scientific objects in forging global links and influencing the dynamics of the nineteenth-century British Empire is brought into greater focus.
Effect of 6 weeks' consumption of β-glucan-rich oat products on cholesterol levels in mildly hypercholesterolaemic overweight adults
Authors: Charlton Karen E. , Tapsell Linda C. , Batterham Marijka J. , O'Shea Jane , Thorne Rebecca , Beck Eleanor , Tosh Susan M. 
Published: August 2011

Several regulatory bodies have approved a health claim on the cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan at levels of 3·0 g/d. The present study aimed to test whether 1·5 g/d β-glucan provided as ready-to-eat oat flakes was as effective in lowering cholesterol as 3·0 g/d from oats porridge. A 6-week randomised controlled trial was conducted in eighty-seven mildly hypercholesterolaemic ( ≥ 5 mmol/l and < 7·5 mmol/l) men and women assigned to one of three diet arms (25 % energy (E%) protein; 45 E% carbohydrate; 30 E% fat, at energy requirements for weight maintenance): (1) minimal β-glucan (control); (2) low-dose oat β-glucan (1·5 g β-glucan; oats low – OL) or (3) higher dose oat β-glucan (3·0 g β-glucan; oats high – OH). Changes in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline were assessed using a linear mixed model and repeated-measures ANOVA, adjusted for weight change. Total cholesterol reduced significantly in all groups ( − 7·8 (sd 13·8) %, − 7·2 (sd 12·4) % and − 5·5 (sd 9·3) % in the OH, OL and control groups), as did LDL-C ( − 8·4 (sd 18·5) %, − 8·5 (sd 18·5) % and − 5·5 (sd 12·4) % in the OH, OL and control groups), but between-group differences were not significant. In responders only (n 60), β-glucan groups had higher reductions in LDL-C ( − 18·3 (sd 11·1) % and − 18·1 (sd 9·2) % in the OH and OL groups) compared with controls ( − 11·7 (sd 7·9) %; P = 0·044). Intakes of oat β-glucan were as effective at doses of 1·5 g/d compared with 3 g/d when provided in different food formats that delivered similar amounts of soluble β-glucan.
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF STRICTLY SINGULAR AND STRICTLY COSINGULAR OPERATORS BY PERTURBATION CLASSES
Authors: AIENA PIETRO , GONZÁLEZ MANUEL , MARTÍNEZ-ABEJÓN ANTONIO 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe consider a class of operators that contains the strictly singular operators and it is contained in the perturbation class of the upper semi-Fredholm operators PΦ+. We show that this class is strictly contained in PΦ+, solving a question of Friedman. We obtain similar results for the strictly cosingular operators and the perturbation class of the lower semi-Fredholm operators PΦ−. We also characterize in terms of PΦ+ and in terms of PΦ−. As a consequence, we show that and are the biggest operator ideals contained in PΦ+ and PΦ−, respectively.
KERNELS OF REPRESENTATIONS AND COIDEAL SUBALGEBRAS OF HOPF ALGEBRAS
Authors: BURCIU SEBASTIAN 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe define left and right kernels of representations of Hopf algebras. In the case of group algebras, left and right kernels coincide and they are the usual kernels of modules. In the general case, we show that these kernels coincide with the categorical left and right Hopf kernels of morphisms of Hopf algebras defined in Andruskiewitsch and Devoto [Extensions of Hopf algebras, Algebra i Analiz7 (1995), 22–69]. Brauer's theorem for kernels over group algebras is generalised to Hopf algebras.
Osteoblastoma of the nasal septum
Authors: Young E , Dabrowski M , Brelsford K 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectives:To present a case of, and to review the literature concerning, osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity, and to demonstrate the importance of considering this rare entity when assessing patients presenting with a nasal septum lesion.Case report:Benign osteoblastoma is a rare tumour, constituting 1 per cent of all bone tumours. Most cases occur in the long bones. Osteoblastoma involving the nasal cavity is rare, with only 10 reported cases in the English-language literature. Most nasal cavity cases originate from the ethmoid sinus and spread to involve the nasal cavity. There are only four reported cases of osteoblastoma originating from the bones of the nasal cavity. We report a case of osteoblastoma originating from the bony nasal septum in a 45-year-old man with a history of recurrent, right-sided epistaxis and nasal obstruction.Conclusion:This is the second report in the English-language literature of osteoblastoma originating from the bony nasal septum.
Arachnoid cysts confined to the internal auditory canal or facial nerve canal
Authors: Zhang Q , Kaga K , Sano M , Takegoshi H 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:To illustrate the morphological characteristics and pathological significance of arachnoid cysts confined to the internal auditory canal or facial nerve canal.Design:Retrospective case series.Subjects:Three patients' cases were reviewed, and temporal bone sections examined histologically.Results:In this series, three intracanalicular arachnoid cysts were found in the internal auditory canal and one in the facial nerve canal. All lesions consisted of distinct, space-occupying cysts with a sharp boundary with surrounding tissues. They were thin-walled and compressed the surrounding nerve trunks to a variable degree. However, there was no indication that patients suffered meatal nerve dysfunction.Conclusion:Arachnoid cysts can develop within the internal auditory canal or facial nerve canal. In our series, they were asymptomatic, which is quite different from most intracanalicular arachnoid cysts encountered in clinical practice.
Traditional and complementary and alternative medicines make for unwilling bedfellows in the management of cancer: a case report with a tragic outcome
Authors: Trinidade A , Shakeel M , Hurman D , Hussain A 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:Complementary and alternative medicine is very much in the public arena as a treatment option. The pharmacodynamics of most complementary and alternative medicines are not well understood, and some can lead to significant adverse drug interactions. This report aims to present the case of a cancer patient who abandoned traditional medicine in favour of complementary and alternative medicine.Method:Case report.Results:The patient refused potentially curative adjuvant radiotherapy for his oral cavity carcinoma following surgery, and eventually succumbed to disease.Conclusion:Recently, there appears to be much public awareness of and empathy for complementary and alternative medicine. Healthcare professionals should be aware of such therapies so that they can advise their patients in an informed manner. The role of such therapies in benign conditions may not be as critical as that in malignancy, where life-saving conventional treatment may be abandoned in favour of complementary and alternative medicine, with consequent loss of life.
Clinical anatomy of the chorda tympani: a systematic review
Authors: McManus L J , Dawes P J D , Stringer M D 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:The chorda tympani is at risk of iatrogenic injury throughout its course. This paper reviews the clinical anatomy of the nerve in adults.Design:Systematic literature review.Method:Relevant English-language articles were identified using five electronic databases and one search engine. Data from approximately 70 scientific papers were supplemented with information from selected reference texts.Results:The anatomy of the chorda tympani differs from standard descriptions, particularly regarding its exit from the middle ear and area of lingual innervation. Whilst it is known to convey taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, the chorda tympani probably has additional sensory and secretomotor functions.Conclusion:A detailed understanding of the anatomy of the chorda tympani may help to reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury during head, neck and middle-ear surgery, and to explain the variable consequences of such injury.
Distortion of an amplitude modulated electromagnetic signal with time-dependent dust charging
Authors: GAHLOT AJAY , WALIA RITU , SHARMA SURESH C. , SHARMA R. P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA large amplitude modulated Gaussian electromagnetic beam propagating in a dusty plasma with dust charge fluctuations has been studied. The electrons are heated non-uniformly by the electromagnetic beam. For non-steady state, we obtain nonlinear current density in the presence of dust grains. This expression has been used to study the non-stationary self-focusing and resulting self-distortion of the amplitude modulated electromagnetic beam. It has been observed that the dust charge fluctuation increases the self-focusing of electromagnetic beam. It is also found that the effect of dust charge fluctuations is significant on the modulation index.
Seasonal variations in diet of arrow squid (Nototodarus gouldi): stomach content and signature fatty acid analysis
Authors: Pethybridge H. , Virtue P. , Casper R. , Yoshida T. , Green C.P. , Jackson G. , Nichols P.D. 
Published: August 2011

This study details the feeding ecology of arrow squid,Nototodarus gouldi, collected opportunistically from trawlers in waters south-east off Australia in 2007 and 2008. Combined stomach content and fatty acid (FA) signature analyses provided clear evidence of seasonal dietary shifts in prey composition. Teleost fish remains (mainly otoliths) were found in 67% of stomachs with the two mesopelagic planktivorous fish,Lampanyctodes hectorisandMaurolicus muelleridominating. Cephalopods and crustaceans were supplementary dietary components, with an increased representation in the diet over winter. Digestive gland lipid content was moderate (16.4 ± 8.4% wet weight) and was rich in triacylglycerol and monounsaturated fatty acids. Multivariate analysis of FA profiles grouped arrow squid with profiles of mesopelagic fish and cephalopods, thus supporting the findings of stomach content analysis. Seasonal differences in total lipid content were likely related to summer upwelling events and local changes in productivity, while intraspecific differences in lipid class and FA composition were related to seasonal differences of prey consumption. FA analyses also demonstrated dietary differences associated with gender, size and female maturation. Such relationships demonstrate that the diet ofN. gouldiis closely linked to prey size, abundance and availability and possibly also, to key life-history stages.
Treatment with anthelminthics during pregnancy: what gains and what risks for the mother and child?
Authors: ELLIOTT ALISON M. , NDIBAZZA JULIET , MPAIRWE HARRIET , MUHANGI LAWRENCE , WEBB EMILY L. , KIZITO DENNISON , MAWA PATRICE , TWEYONGYERE ROBERT , MUWANGA MOSES 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn 1994 and 2002, respectively, the World Health Organisation proposed that treatment for hookworm and schistosomiasis could be provided during pregnancy. It was hoped that this might have benefits for maternal anaemia, fetal growth and perinatal mortality; a beneficial effect on the infant response to immunisation was also hypothesised. Three trials have now been conducted. Two have examined the effects of benzimidazoles; one (the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study) the effects of albendazole and praziquantel. All three were conducted in settings of high prevalence but low intensity helminth infection. Results suggest that, in such settings and given adequate provision of haematinics, the benefit of routine anthelminthics during pregnancy for maternal anaemia may be small; none of the other expected benefits has yet been demonstrated. The Entebbe Mother and Baby Study found a significant adverse effect of albendazole on the incidence of infantile eczema in the whole study population, and of praziquantel on the incidence of eczema among infants of mothers withSchistosoma mansoni. Further studies are required in settings that differ in helminth species and infection intensities. Further research is required to determine whether increased rates of infantile eczema translate to long-term susceptibility to allergy, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects. The risks and benefits of routine anthelminthic treatment in antenatal clinics may need to be reconsidered.