bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow‐up studies of very low birthweight children in Sweden
Authors: Gäddlin Per‐Olof 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFollow‐up studies are essential to our knowledge of outcome in very low birthweight (VLBW) or extremely preterm (EPT) infants because those children have a greater risk for developing neurosensory disabilities and behavioural and educational problems and have decreased probability for an optimal transition into adulthood compared to term controls. Outcome data are of interest not only to healthcare professionals but also to parents, schoolteachers and society. The aim of this review is to describe the follow‐up studies of seven populations of VLBW or EPT infants performed in Sweden and published between 1995 and 2009.Conclusion:  The time has come to implement evident data from these Swedish follow‐up studies into clinical practice and to perform regular and specific follow‐up examinations during childhood for all VLBW and EPT children. These assessments, specially designed for high‐risk infants, should consider the potential outcomes for neurological, visual, auditory function and cognitive function as well as behaviour and growth, from birth to school‐start.
Vulnerability for psychopathology in Klinefelter syndrome: age‐specific and cognitive‐specific risk profiles
Authors: van Rijn Sophie , Swaab Hanna 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  Studying Klinefelter syndrome (KS) (47,XXY) can reveal insights into mechanisms of neurodevelopment. Our aim was to identify factors that influence risk for psychopathology in this syndrome, with a focus on age‐specific and cognitive‐specific risk profiles.Methods:  A total of 73 subjects with KS (25 children and 48 adults) and 93 age‐matched controls (53 children and 40 adults) participated in the study. The discrepancy between verbal IQ (VIQ) and performance IQ (PIQ) was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales. IQ data were only measured in the Klinefelter group. All participants completed the Autism Questionnaire and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire.Results:  Increased levels of autism traits and schizotypal traits were observed in individuals with KS, with schizotypal traits increasing with age. The VIQ < PIQ group (n = 33) showed significantly increased levels of autism traits compared to the PIQ < VIQ group (n = 12) and controls. The PIQ < VIQ group showed significantly increased levels of schizotypal traits compared to the VIQ < PIQ group and controls. The VIQ–PIQ discrepancy significantly correlated with schizotypal traits and autism traits, in opposite directions.Conclusion:  Risk for psychopathology in KS may be age specific as well as dependent on cognitive profile. Relative deficits in verbal abilities seem more strongly associated with increased autism traits, whereas relative deficits in visuospatial abilities seem more strongly associated with increased schizotypal traits.
Modelling potential distribution of the threatened tree species Juniperus oxycedrus: how to evaluate the predictions of different modelling approaches?
Authors: Rupprecht Franziska , Oldeland Jens , Finckh Manfred 
Published: March 2011

AbstractQuestions: How can predictions of potential species distribution derived from presence‐only data and different modelling algorithms be compared and evaluated? Where does suitable habitat for Juniperus oxycedrus exist within the study area and which bioclimatic variables prove to be most important in the prediction of J. oxycedrus potential distribution?Location: Central High Atlas, Morocco.Methods: Ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA), maximum entropy approach (MAXENT) and generalized linear models (GLM) were applied to either presence‐only data of J. oxycedrus (ENFA and MAXENT) or presence–absence data (GLM), using bioclimatic variables as predictors. Model accuracy of ENFA, MAXENT and GLM was assessed using their specific evaluation measures and prediction success by means of the minimal predicted area (MPA). Finally, the three maps of potential species distribution were intersected to investigate their consistency in the geographic distribution of predicted suitable habitat.Results: Species distribution models calculated by ENFA, MAXENT and GLM show good model quality according to their evaluation measures. However, calculation of MPA revealed considerable discrepancies in geographic distribution and spatial extent of areas predicted as suitable habitat for J. oxycedrus.Conclusion: Suitable habitat for J. oxycedrus is predicted using all applied modelling approaches in 8% of the study area (mostly the north‐western part). MAXENT gave the best results considering model accuracy and prediction success according to the MPA scores. Predictors representing maximum temperature and potential radiation were selected in all methods to explain species occurrences. This points to a possible shift of the species' potential distribution in cases of a rise in summer temperature due to climate change.
Diagnostic value of terminal ileum biopsy in chronic diarrhea with normal endoscopic appearance
Authors: SAYILIR Abdurrahim , KURT Mevlüt , KEKILLI Murat , ONAL Ibrahim K , BEYAZIT Yavuz , TURHAN Nesrin , IBIŞ Mehmet , ARHAN Mehmet 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the diagnostic value of a terminal ileum biopsy in chronic non‐bloody diarrhea with normal endoscopic appearance.METHODS:  Patients who had a terminal ileum biopsy performed between January 2007 and January 2010 during a colonoscopy despite normal endoscopic appearance were reviewed. They were divided into two groups according to the indication for the colonoscopy: non‐bloody diarrhea and non‐diarrhea; and their histopathological findings were compared.RESULTS:  By screening the colonoscopy records, 473 patients were found to have had a terminal ileum biopsy. Of these patients, 178 were excluded for various reasons. Finally, 295 patients were suitable for analysis. The non‐bloody diarrhea group consisted of 135 patients, while the remaining 160 patients constituted the non‐diarrhea group. A histopathological examination of the terminal ileum biopsy specimens in the non‐bloody diarrhea group revealed an abnormal histology in eight patients (5.9%), compared with five patients (3.1%) in the non‐diarrhea group. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (P = 0.26).CONCLUSION:  Although performing a biopsy of the terminal ileum despite a macroscopically normal appearance may offer some additional benefit to the diagnosis of chronic non‐bloody diarrhea, prospective trials are needed for assessing the diagnostic value of a terminal ileum biopsy in patients with chronic diarrhea.
Prevalence of overt myeloproliferative neoplasms and JAK2 V617F mutation in Korean patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis
Authors: YOO E.‐H. , JANG J.‐H. , PARK K.‐J. , GWAK G.‐Y. , KIM H.‐J. , KIM S.‐H. , KIM D.‐K. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) is known to be a major risk factor of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT). Recent studies revealed that a significant proportion of patients with SVT harbor a gain‐of‐function mutation in the JAK2 gene (V617F) with or without MPN. In this study, the authors investigated the prevalence of MPN and JAK2 V617F mutation in Korean patients with SVT.Methods:  The study subjects were 26 patients diagnosed as having SVT based on Doppler ultrasound and/or computed tomography from January 2008 to January 2010 (16 men and 10 women; mean age 44 years, range 15–75 years). The clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. The JAK2 V617F mutation was detected by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing analyses using DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes.Results:  Among 26 study patients, 12 had portal vein thrombosis, five had hepatic vein thrombosis, three had mesenteric, and two had splenic vein thrombosis. Four patients had thrombosis involving more than one splanchnic vein. Two patients (7.7%; 2/26) had overt MPN (essential thrombocythemia). JAK2 V617F was detected in three patients (11.5%) including the two patients with overt MPN. Thus, the prevalence of the JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with SVT but without overt MPN was 4.2% (1/24).Conclusion:  The prevalence of overt MPN and that of JAK2 V617F were lower in Korean patients with SVT than in previous reports. Data from a larger number of patients with long‐term follow‐up are needed to reveal the clinical relevancy of JAK2 V617F in Korean patients with SVT.
The first use of EaeI restriction enzyme in DNA diagnosis of Hb Q‐India
Authors: KHALIL M. S. M. , HENDERSON S. , SCHUH A. , HUSSEIN M.‐R. A. , OLD J. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  The α‐chain variant Hb Q‐India (c.193G>C) is caused by a point mutation GAC→CAC at codon 64 of the α1 globin gene and is clinically silent. Point mutations can be diagnosed easily by many simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques including PCR‐restriction digest, but for Hb Q‐India the restriction digest has never been described. In this work we aimed to develop a restriction enzyme digestion assay for DNA diagnosis of Hb Q‐India, in order to increase the panel of restriction enzymes used in DNA diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies and also as a simple cheap alternative to the ARMS‐PCR method.Methods:  A restriction enzyme digestion assay was designed for diagnosis of Hb Q‐India using the restriction enzyme EaeI enzyme as the Hb Q‐India mutation abolishes the recognition site of this enzyme. Patients were screened for an abnormal haemoglobin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and those had an abnormal peak with a retention time between 4.7 and 4.8 minutes were selected for diagnosis at the molecular level. The α1 globin gene was amplified in 12 cases with a presumed diagnosis of Hb Q‐India by HPLC and isoelectric focusing (IEF), and the amplified products were subjected to the EaeI digestion.Results:  All the 12 cases were diagnosed positive (100%) for Hb Q‐India by the EaeI restriction enzyme digest. They were heterozygotes for the mutation.Conclusion:  EaeI restriction enzyme digestion can be used as a simple and robust alternative method to ARMS‐PCR for DNA diagnosis of Hb Q‐India. The EaeI restriction enzyme can be added to the panel of restriction enzymes used in the DNA diagnosis of the abnormal Hb variants. Concomitant use of HPLC and IEF can be used efficiently for presumed diagnosis of this rare variant.
The influence of single elements on nested community structure
Authors: Joppa Lucas N. , Williams Rich 
Published: March 2011

Summary1. Asking whether or not an ecological community displays the structural property of nestedness is becoming increasingly common in ecological research. We note, however, a currently limited understanding of how individual matrix components (e.g. species as rows and sites as columns) and elements (e.g. a species’ occurrence at a site) contribute to overall community structure.2. Here, we investigate the influence of single elements in a community matrix on overall community nestedness. We derive a unique extension to the popular nestedness algorithm NODF that is necessary for this analysis.3. For 210 empirical communities, we show that elements, on average, determine a little less than 50% of a community’s nestedness value, with components determining the remainder. Looking at just matrix elements we find, on average, that 10% of elements determine 25% of a community’s nested structure. Further, we find statistical conclusions change for more than 20% of the empirical communities with the addition or removal of a single element.4. Generally, the search for ecological pattern occurs by calculating a single metric designed to quantify the structure of an entire community. By showing the sensitivity of a metric to changes in a single element, our results cast doubt on the usefulness of this approach. That said, the extension to NODF that we present should allow researchers to better understand how individual elements in a community influence patterns of nestedness.
Transient sensitivity analysis for nonlinear population models
Authors: Tavener Simon , Mikucki Michael , Field Stuart G. , Antolin Michael F. 
Published: March 2011

Summary1. Performing sensitivity analyses for deterministic multi‐stage, multi‐parameter population models that include nonlinearity presents a significant computational challenge.2. We implement a standard forward sensitivity analysis to evaluate partial derivatives of population state variables with respect to parameters at all times for which the solution is known. We present a hybrid Matlab Maple software package, sensai, which automates the steps required to calculate sensitivities and elasticities. We focus on sensitivities of transient states of populations. Our analysis therefore differs from the more common analysis of linear systems where sensitivities are computed for the asymptotic stable‐stage distribution assuming unbounded population growth. The method generalizes the matrix calculus methods for nonlinear, stage‐structured matrix models previously developed by Caswell (2009, Journal of Difference Equations and Applications, 15, 349–369).3. We present an example of a nonlinear, discrete‐time population model in the form of a stage‐structured Lefkovitch matrix, and another multi‐stage, continuous‐time SIR disease model in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations. In addition, we extend the framework for composite nonlinear maps of population demography to include single‐locus genetics with natural selection discriminating among genotypes.4. SENSAI allows for the analysis of a quantity of interest (an arbitrary function of variables and parameters, e.g. the proportion of infected individuals in a disease model), and sensitivity to combinations of model parameters. For example, we can compute sensitivities with respect to parameters and initial conditions at all times during an outbreak in a disease model, before a steady state of disease prevalence is attained. Similarly, in population genetic models, we can compute sensitivity of a response to natural selection (e.g. the change in allele frequencies) in relation to fitness differences among genotypes.5. We illustrate the capabilities of sensai through a series of canonical models with relatively few variables and parameters. However, sensai has the capability to analyse significantly more complex models.
Development of a solid-phase extraction – spectrofluorimetric method for trace glutathione determination
Authors: Huang Ke-Jing , Han Cong-Hui , Wu Ying-Ying , Han Chao-Qun , Niu De-Jun , Wu Zhi-Wei , Xue Ya-Ping 
Published: March 2011

A simple and efficient solid-phase extraction – spectrofluorimetric method has been developed to determine glutathione (GSH). Fluorescent probe N-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-yl)methyl)iodoacetamide (BODIPY Fl-C1-IA) was used as the derivatization reagent. The procedure was based on a BODIPY Fl-C1-IA selective reaction with GSH to form the highly fluorescent product BODIPY Fl-C1-IA–GSH, using a solid-phase extraction column and spectrofluorimetric determination. The variables affecting analytical performance were studied and optimized. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system for GSH was linear over the range of 1–200 nmol/L with a limit of detection of 0.05 nmol/L (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). The relative standard deviation for six replicate determinations of GSH at the 100 nmol/L concentration level was 3.9%. The method was applied to water samples and average recoveries between 87.5% and 111.5% were obtained for spiked samples.
Vitamin D3 Inhibits Hedgehog Signaling and Proliferation in Murine Basal Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Tang Jean Y. , Xiao Tony Zheng , Oda Yuko , Chang Kris S. , Shpall Elana , Wu Angela , So Po-Lin , Hebert Jennifer , Bikle Daniel , Epstein Ervin H. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Constitutive Hedgehog (HH) signaling underlies several human tumors, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Recently, Bijlsma and colleagues reported a new biologic function for vitamin D3 in suppressing HH signaling in an in vitro model system. On the basis of that work, we have assessed effects of vitamin D3 on HH signaling and proliferation of murine BCCs in vitro and in vivo. We find that indeed in BCC cells, vitamin D3 blocks both proliferation and HH signaling as assessed by mRNA expression of the HH target gene Gli1. These effects of vitamin D3 on Gli1 expression and on BCC cell proliferation are comparable to the effects of cyclopamine, a known inhibitor of the HH pathway. These results are specific for vitamin D3, because the precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol and the downstream products 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D] are considerably less effective in reducing either Gli1 mRNA or cellular proliferation. Moreover, these effects seem to be independent of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) because short hairpin RNA knockdown of VDR does not abrogate the anti-HH effects of D3 despite reducing expression of the VDR target gene 24-hydroxylase. Finally, topical vitamin D3 treatment of existing murine BCC tumors significantly decreases Gli1 and Ki67 staining. Thus, topical vitamin D3 acting via its HH inhibiting effect may hold promise as an effective anti-BCC agent. Cancer Prev Res; 4(5); 744–51. ©2011 AACR.
Efficacy and safety of a new generation von Willebrand factor/factor VIII concentrate (Wilate®) in the management of perioperative haemostasis in von Willebrand disease patients undergoing surgery
Authors: Depka-Prondzinski Mario von , Windyga Jerzy ,   the European Wilate® Study Group
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Wilate®, a new generation, plasma-derived, high-purity, double virus-inactivated von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate (ratio close to physiological 1:1) in the perioperative management of haemostasis in von Willebrand disease (VWD). Data for VWD patients who received Wilate® for perioperative management were obtained from four European, prospective, open-label, non-controlled, non-randomised, multicentre phase II or III clinical trials. A total of 57 surgical procedures were performed (major: n = 27; minor n = 30) in 32 patients. The majority of patients (n = 19, 59.4%) had type 3 VWD, 9 (28.1%) had type 2 VWD and four (12.5%) had type 1 VWD. During major surgery, median daily FVIII dose and mean number of infusions were 25 IU•kg-1 FVIII (VWF:RCô23 IU•kg-1) and 11.0, respectively. Corresponding values for minor surgery were 35 IU•kg-1 (VWF:RCo ~32 IU•kg-1) and 1.5. The efficacy of Wilate® was rated by the investigator as excellent or good in 51 of 53 (96%) procedures. Tolerability was rated as very good or good in 100% of major surgeries (27 of 27) and minor surgeries (29 of 29). Wilate® is an effective and well-tolerated VWF/FVIII replacement therapy in the perioperative management of haemostasis in patients with VWD. It can be administered at a similar FVIII dose, but at a lower VWF dose, as compared to older generation products. Clinical benefits were shown in a population with a high proportion of type 3 VWD patients.
Intravital imaging of phagocyte recruitment
Authors: Kemmerich Klaus , Pyta Juergen , Weber Christian , Megens Remco , Soehnlein Oliver 
Published: March 2011

SummaryExtravasation of neutrophils and monocytes is a hallmark event in acute and chronic inflammation. Owing to recent improvements in optical imaging techniques, the classical leukocyte extravasation cascade has been refined with intermediate steps being added. Further studies have shown tissue specific leukocyte recruitment patterns, thus allowing for more selective targeting. Here we focus on recent advances in intravital imaging of leukocyte recruitment by means of optical imaging techniques and emphasise the translation thereof into tissue-specific recruitment to the lungs, the liver and large arteries.
Disrupting the EMMPRIN (CD147)–Cyclophilin A Interaction Reduces Infarct Size and Preserves Systolic Function After Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion
Authors: Seizer Peter , Ochmann Carmen , Schönberger Tanja , Zach Sebastian , Rose Melanie , Borst Oliver , Klingel Karin , Kandolf Reinhard , MacDonald H. Robson , Nowak Romana A. , Engelhardt Stefan , Lang Florian , Gawaz Meinrad , May Andreas E. 
Published: March 2011

Objective—
Inflammation and proteolysis crucially contribute to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. The extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer EMMPRIN (CD147) and its ligand cyclophilin A (CyPA) may be involved in both processes. The aim of the study was to characterize the role of the CD147 and CyPA interplay in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods and Results—

Immunohistochemistry showed enhanced expression of CD147 and CyPA in myocardial sections from human autopsies of patients who had died from acute myocardial infarction and from mice at 24 hours after I/R. At 24 hours and 7 days after I/R, the infarct size was reduced in CD147
+/−
mice vs CD147
+/+
mice (C57Bl/6), in mice (C57Bl/6) treated with monoclonal antibody anti-CD147 vs control monoclonal antibody, and in CyPA
−/−
mice vs CyPA
+/+
mice (129S6/SvEv), all of which are associated with reduced monocyte and neutrophil recruitment at 24 hours and with a preserved systolic function at 7 days. The combination of CyPA
−/−
mice with anti-CD147 treatment did not yield further protection compared with either inhibition strategy alone. In vitro, treatment with CyPA induced monocyte chemotaxis in a CD147- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–dependent manner and induced monocyte rolling and adhesion to endothelium (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) under flow in a CD147-dependent manner.

Conclusion—
CD147 and its ligand CyPA are inflammatory mediators after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion and represent potential targets to prevent myocardial I/R injury.
Ultrasound-Enhanced Thrombolytic Effect of Tissue Plasminogen Activator–Loaded Echogenic Liposomes in an In Vivo Rabbit Aorta Thrombus Model—Brief Report
Authors: Laing Susan T. , Moody Melanie , Smulevitz Beverly , Kim Hyunggun , Kee Patrick , Huang Shaoling , Holland Christy K. , McPherson David D. 
Published: March 2011

Objective—
Ultrasound enhances thrombolysis when combined with a thrombolytic and a contrast agent. This study aimed to evaluate the thrombolytic effect of our tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)–loaded echogenic liposomes (ELIP) in an in vivo clot model, with and without ultrasound treatment.

Methods and Results—

The femoral arteries of New Zealand White rabbits (n=4 per group) were cannulated. The abdominal aortas were denuded, and thrombi were created using a solution of sodium ricinoleate plus thrombin. Rabbits were then randomly selected to receive tPA-loaded ELIP (200 μg of tPA/5 mg of lipid) or empty ELIP with or without pulsed (color) Doppler ultrasound (5.7 MHz) for 2 minutes. Thrombus was imaged and echogenicity analyzed before and after ELIP injection. Blood flow velocities were measured at baseline, after clot formation, and serially after treatment up to 15 minutes. tPA-loaded ELIP highlighted thrombus in the abdominal aorta more effectively than empty ELIP (
P
<0.05). Ultrasound enhanced the thrombolytic effect of tPA-loaded ELIP, resulting in earlier and more complete recanalization rates (
P
<0.001).

Conclusion—
This study demonstrates effective highlighting of clots and thrombolytic effect of tPA-loaded ELIP in an in vivo rabbit aorta clot model. Doppler ultrasound treatment enhances this thrombolytic effect, resulting in earlier and more complete recanalization rates.