bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth, body composition and hormonal status of growing pigs exhibiting a normal or small weight at birth and exposed to a neonatal diet enriched in proteins
Authors: Morise Anne , Sève Bernard , Macé Katherine , Magliola Corinne , Le Huërou-Luron Isabelle , Louveau Isabelle 
Published: January 2011

Small birth weight and excess of early protein intake are suspected to enhance later obesity risk. The present study was undertaken to determine the impact of neonatal diets differing in protein content on growth, body composition and hormonal status of 70-d-old pigs born with normal weight (NW) or small weight (SW). At 7 d of age, male and female suckled piglets were assigned to the NW (approximately 1·4 kg at birth) or SW (approximately 0·99 kg at birth) groups. They were fed milk replacers formulated to provide an adequate protein (AP) or a high protein (HP) supply for 3 weeks. From weaning to 70 d of age, all animals receivedad libitumthe same standard diet. Growth rates were higher (P < 0·05) in HP piglets than in AP piglets during formula feeding and remained higher (P < 0·05) only in HP male pigs thereafter. No difference in feed consumption was detected between groups during the periods examined. Carcass lipid content and the relative weight of perirenal adipose tissue did not differ between the AP and HP pigs. Whereas plasma leptin concentration was higher (P < 0·05) in HP pigs than in AP pigs with a marked difference in SW pigs, plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concentration and expression of IGF system genes were not affected by the diets. In summary, a HP intake during the suckling period induced an increase in growth rate that persisted only in male pigs during the post-weaning period. This response was not associated with any difference in adiposity parameters in this period.
Lichen planus of the larynx
Authors: Rennie C E , Dwivedi R C , Khan A S , Agrawal N , Ziyada W 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:We report an extremely rare case of laryngeal lichen planus.Method:A case report and literature review of the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of laryngeal lichen planus are presented.Results:A male patient presented with hoarseness and a history suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. However, characteristic histopathological findings demonstrated lichen planus. The patient responded very well to oral steroids, and at the time of writing had remained symptom-free for two years.Conclusion:This is the first English language report of laryngeal lichen planus. Lichen planus is a diagnosis of exclusion and responds well to steroids. However, patients should be followed up regularly as malignant change is known to occur.
Incidence and risk factors for late-life depression in the Ibadan Study of Ageing
Authors: Gureje O. , Oladeji B. , Abiona T. 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundWe present the incidence and risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) among community-dwelling elderly Nigerians.MethodA cohort study of persons aged ⩾65 years residing in eight contiguous Yoruba-speaking states in south-west and north-central Nigeria was conducted between November 2003 and December 2007. Of the 2149 baseline sample, 1408 (66%) were successfully followed up after approximately 39 months. Face-to-face in-home assessments were conducted with the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3 (CIDI.3) and diagnosis was based on the DSM-IV. Incident MDD was determined in the group with no prior lifetime history of MDD at baseline and who were free of dementia at follow-up (n=892).ResultsDuring the follow-up period, 308 persons had developed incident MDD, representing a rate of 104.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 93.3–116.6] per 1000 person-years. Compared to males, the age-adjusted hazard for females was 1.63 (95% CI 1.30–2.06). Lifetime or current subsyndromal symptoms of depression at baseline did not increase the risk of incident MDD. Among females, but not males, rural residence and poor social network were risk factors for incident MDD. Physical health status at baseline did not predict new onset of MDD.ConclusionsThe finding of a high incidence of MDD among elderly Nigerians complements earlier reports of a high prevalence of the disorder in this understudied population. Social factors, in particular those relating to social isolation, constitute a risk for incident MDD.
Are bipolar II patients cognitively impaired? A systematic review
Authors: Solé B. , Martínez-Arán A. , Torrent C. , Bonnin C. M. , Reinares M. , Popovic D. , Sánchez-Moreno J. , Vieta E. 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundThere is evidence that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant neurocognitive deficits and this occurs in individuals with BD type I (BD I) and with BD type II (BD II). Only a few studies have focused on cognitive impairment in BD II. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of cognitive impairment in patients with BD II, in order to identify specific cognitive deficits that distinguish BD II from BD I patients as well as from healthy subjects.MethodWe performed a systematic review of the literature of neuropsychological studies of BD II published between 1980 and July 2009. Fourteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review.ResultsMain cognitive deficits found in BD II include working memory and some measures of executive functions (inhibitory control) and approximately half of the studies also detected verbal memory impairment.ConclusionsThere are subtle differences between the two subtypes regarding cognition. This may suggest neurobiological differences between the two subgroups which will be helpful in order to determine cognitive endophenotypes in BD subtypes.
Teenage motherhood and risk of premature death: long-term follow-up in the ONS Longitudinal Study
Authors: Webb R. T. , Marshall C. E. , Abel K. M. 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundTeenage motherhood is relatively common in the UK, but little is known about related health inequalities in this population. We estimated cause-specific mortality risks over three decades in a nationally representative cohort.MethodWe examined premature mortality in a 1.1% sample of all women who were teenagers in England and Wales during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s using data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (ONS LS). Our primary outcome was suicide. Long-term follow-up to 31 December 2006, to a potential maximum age of 49 years, was achieved through near-complete routine linkage to national mortality records. We created a time-dependent exposure variable, with relative risks estimated according to age when women first experienced motherhood versus a reference group of those currently without children.ResultsWomen who were teenage mothers were around 30% more likely to die prematurely by any cause and almost 60% more likely to die unnaturally, whereas first-time motherhood at mature age conferred lower risk compared to women without children. Teenage motherhood was associated with a more than doubled risk of suicide [mortality rate ratio (MRR) 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–3.83], and elevated risks of fatal cancer of the cervix and lung were also found. Changing the reference category to first-time mothers at 20 years and above also revealed a significant elevation in risk of accidental death.ConclusionsThe complex psychosocial needs of these women require greater attention from clinicians, public health professionals, social services and policymakers. Their elevated risk of poor health outcomes may persist well beyond the actual teenage motherhood years.
Experimental verification of soft-robot gaits evolved using a lumped dynamic model
Authors: Saunders Frank , Golden Ethan , White Robert D. , Rife Jason 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYWhen generating gaits for soft robots (those with no explicit joints), it is not evident that undulating control schemes are the most efficient. In considering alternative control schemes, however, the computational costs of evaluating continuum mechanic models of soft robots represent a significant bottleneck. We consider the use of lumped dynamic models for soft robotic systems. Such models have not been employed previously to design gaits for soft robotic systems, though they are widely used to simulate robots with compliant joints. A major question is whether these methods are accurate enough to be representations of soft robots to enable gait design and optimization. This paper addresses the potential “reality gap” between simulation and experiment for the particular case of a soft caterpillar-like robot. Experiments with a prototype soft crawler demonstrate that the lumped dynamic model can capture essential soft-robot mechanics well enough to enable gait optimization. Significantly, experiments verified that a prototype robot achieved high performance for control patterns optimized in simulation and dramatically reduced performance for gait parameters perturbed from their optimized values.
Breaking bad news: an interview study of paediatric cardiologists
Authors: Birkeland Anna-Lena , Dahlgren Lars , Hägglöf Bruno , Rydberg Annika 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTechnical developments in paediatric cardiology over the last few decades have increased expectations on professionals, demanding of them more emotional competence and communicative ability. The aim of this study was to examine the approach of paediatric cardiologists in informing and communicating with the family of the patient.MethodA qualitative interview method was first tested in a pilot study with two paediatric cardiologists. There were nine subsequent semi-structured interviews that were carried out with paediatric cardiologists. A researcher performed all the interviews, which were taped, transcribed, decoded, and analysed.ResultsAmong paediatric cardiologists, how to break bad news to the family is an important concern, evident in findings regarding the significance of trust and confidence, the use of different emotional positions, and a common ambition to achieve skills to handle the situation. There is a need for reflection, education, and sharing of experiences. The cardiologists desire further development of teamwork and of skills in medical students and residents for delivering bad news.ConclusionsDoctors are expected to cope with the complexities of diagnoses and decisions, while simultaneously being sensitive to the feelings of the parents, aware of their own emotions, and able to keep it all under control in the context of breaking the bad news to the parents and keeping them informed. These conflicting demands create a need to expand the professional role of the doctor by including more training in emotional competence and communicative ability, beginning in medical school and continuing through consultancy.
The evolving approach to paediatric myocarditis: a review of the current literature
Authors: May Lindsay J. , Patton David J. , Fruitman Deborah S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPaediatric myocarditis remains challenging from the perspectives of diagnosis and management. Multiple aetiologies exist and the majority of cases appear to be related to viral illnesses. Enteroviruses are believed to be the most common cause, although cases related to adenovirus may be more frequent than suspected. The clinical presentation is extremely varied, ranging from asymptomatic to sudden unexpected death. A high index of suspicion is crucial. There is emerging evidence to support investigations such as serum N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide levels, as well as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging as adjuncts to the clinical diagnosis. In the future, these may reduce the necessity for invasive methods, such as endomyocardial biopsy, which remain the gold standard. Management generally includes supportive care, consisting of cardiac failure medical management, with the potential for mechanical support and cardiac transplantation. Treatments aimed at immunosuppression remain controversial. The paediatric literature is extremely limited with no conclusive evidence to support or refute these strategies. This article summarises the current literature regarding aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of myocarditis in paediatric patients.
Holt–Oram syndrome: novel TBX5 mutation and associated anomalous right coronary artery
Authors: Vianna Caio B. , Miura Nana , Pereira Alexandre C. , Jatene Marcelo B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Holt–Oram syndrome was confirmed in an asymptomatic 36-year-old man by a novel TBX5-gene mutation (exon 8 acceptor splicing site, c.663-1G greater than A). Computed tomography showed an atrial septal defect and an anomalous right coronary artery crossing between the aorta and pulmonary arteries. Surgery corrected the septal defect and the initial segment of the anomalous vessel was unroofed and enlarged. Anomalous coronary arteries were not previously described in the Holt–Oram syndrome patients and should be added to the list of possible associated cardiac defects.
Nutrition transition and health status of Cretan women: evidence from two generations
Authors: Tsakiraki Malamo , Grammatikopoulou Maria G , Stylianou Charilaos , Tsigga Maria 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveResearch has suggested the abandonment of the traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) by youngsters for a more Westernized regime. The present study aimed (i) to delineate differences in the consumption of traditional Cretan dishes and key nutrients in the MD between two contiguous generations of women and (ii) define how these dietary changes contribute to the morbidity of the younger generation.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThe island of Crete, Greece.SubjectsEighty pairs of mothers and daughters, all living in their own households, were recruited from Crete. Information regarding the consumption of traditional Cretan dishes and two previous-day recalls were collected. The health status of the participants was also recorded. Simple correspondence analysis (SCA) was used to assess associations between differences in the food intake of daughters compared with their mothers and the prevalence of disease.ResultsThe younger women showed increased intakes of rusks and meat dishes and decreased consumption of green vegetables, pulses and wine compared with their mothers. When nutrients were accounted for, only sugar consumption of the younger women surpassed the intake reported by their mothers. SCA associated hypercholesterolaemia in the daughters with increased cheese and meat intakes; allergies and respiratory problems were associated with lower cheese, fish and oil intakes; being overweight was associated with higher baked goods, oils, desserts, fish and alcohol intakes; and Fe-deficiency anaemia was associated with lower consumption of green vegetables.ConclusionsResults showed that, although a trend towards a more Westernized diet was noted in the younger women, the differences between the two generations appear to be small. Therefore, in Crete, the MD is still the primary diet regime.
Healthy food availability and the association with BMI in Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Casagrande Sarah Stark , Franco Manuel , Gittelsohn Joel , Zonderman Alan B , Evans Michele K , Fanelli Kuczmarski Marie , Gary-Webb Tiffany L 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between the availability of healthy foods and BMI by neighbourhood race and socio-economic status (SES).DesignTrained staff collected demographic information, height, weight and 24 h dietary recalls between 2004 and 2008. Healthy food availability was determined in thirty-four census tracts of varying racial and SES composition using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey–Stores in 2007. Multilevel linear regression was used to estimate associations between healthy food availability and BMI.SettingBaltimore City, Maryland, USA.SubjectsAdults aged 30–64 years (n 2616) who participated in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study.ResultsAmong individuals living in predominantly white neighbourhoods, high availability of healthy foods was associated with significantly higher BMI compared with individuals living in neighbourhoods with low availability of healthy food after adjustment for demographic variables (β = 3·22, P = 0·001). Associations were attenuated but remained significant after controlling for dietary quality (β = 2·81, P = 0·012).ConclusionsContrary to expectations, there was a positive association between the availability of healthy food and higher BMI among individuals living in predominantly white neighbourhoods. This result could be due to individuals in neighbourhoods with low healthy food availability travelling outside their neighbourhood to obtain healthy food.
Problems at the Foundation? Comments on Felin and Foss
Authors: WINTER SIDNEY G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract:This paper reviews the assessment of the routines and capabilities literature provided by T. Felin and N. J. Foss, ‘The Endogenous Origins of Experience, Routines and Organizational Capabilities: The Poverty of Stimulus’, published by theJournal of Institutional Economics. Although valuable points are raised, the assessment is largely off target because it is fixated on the implausible view that the literature assessed is strongly shaped by the tradition of behavioral psychology (B. F. Skinner and others). At the same time, important portions of the routines and capabilities literature that are highly relevant to the authors’ substantive concerns, and which are plainly inconsistent with the main interpretive claim, are not considered.
Remote preconditioning provides potent cardioprotection via PI3K/Akt activation and is associated with nuclear accumulation of β-catenin
Authors: Li Jing , Xuan Wanli , Yan Ran , Tropak Michael B. , Jean-St-Michel Emilie , Liang Wenbin , Gladstone Rachel , Backx Peter H. , Kharbanda Rajesh K. , Redington Andrew N. 
Published: January 2011

rIPC [remote IPC (ischaemic preconditioning)] has been shown to invoke potent myocardial protection in animal studies and recent clinical trials. Although the important role of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt activation in the cardioprotection afforded by local IPC is well described, our understanding of the intracellular signalling of rIPC remains incomplete. We therefore examined the hypothesis that the myocardial protection afforded by rIPC is mediated via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) signalling pathway, activation of which is associated with nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. rIPC was induced in mice using four cycles of 5 min of ischaemia and 5 min of reperfusion of the hindlimb using a torniquet. This led to reduced infarct size (19±4% in rIPC compared with 39±7% in sham; P&lt;0.05), improved functional recovery and reduced apoptosis after global I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury using a Langendorff-perfused mouse heart model. These effects were reversed by pre-treatment with an inhibitor of PI3K activity. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that, compared with control, rIPC was associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, resulting in phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3β, accumulation of β-catenin in the cytosol and its translocation to the nucleus. Finally, rIPC increased the expression of β-catenin target genes involved in cell-survival signalling, including E-cadherin and PPARδ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor δ). In conclusion, we show for the first time that the myocardial protection afforded by rIPC is mediated via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signalling pathway, activation of which is associated with nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and the up-regulation of its downstream targets E-cadherin and PPARδ involved in cell survival.
Stability of syzygy bundles
Authors: Macias Marques Pedro , Miró-Roig Rosa 
Published: January 2011

We show that given integers

N
N

,

d
d

and

n
n

such that

N
≥
2

,
(
N
,
d
,
n
)

{N\ge 2}, (N,d,n)

≠
(
2
,
2
,
5
)

\ne (2,2,5)

, and

N
+
1
≤
n
≤

(

d
+
N

N

)

{N+1\le n\le \tbinom {d+N}{N}}

, there is a family of

n
n

monomials in

K

[

X
0

,
…
,

X
N

]

K\left [X_0,\ldots ,X_N\right ]

of degree

d
d

such that their syzygy bundle is stable. Case

N
≥
3

{N\ge 3}

was obtained independently by Coandǎ with a different choice of families of monomials.

For

(
N
,
d
,
n
)
=
(
2
,
2
,
5
)

{(N,d,n)=(2,2,5)}

, there are

5
5

monomials of degree

2
2

in

K

[

X
0

,

X
1

,

X
2

]

K\left [X_0,X_1,X_2\right ]

such that their syzygy bundle is semistable.
Plastid Stromule Branching Coincides with Contiguous Endoplasmic Reticulum Dynamics
Authors: Schattat Martin , Barton Kiah , Baudisch Bianca , Klösgen Ralf Bernd , Mathur Jaideep 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Stromules are stroma-filled tubules extending from plastids whose rapid extension toward or retraction from other plastids has suggested a role in interplastidic communication and exchange of metabolites. Several studies point to sporadic dilations, kinks, and branches occurring along stromule length but have not elucidated the underlying basis for these occurrences. Similarly, although specific details on interacting partners have been missing, a consensus viewpoint suggests that stromules increase the interactive surface of a plastid with its cytoplasmic surroundings. Here, using live imaging, we show that the behavior of dynamic, pleomorphic stromules strongly coincides with that of cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules. Covisualization of fluorescent protein-highlighted stromules and the ER in diverse cell types clearly suggests correlative dynamics of the two membrane-bound compartments. The extension and retraction, as well as directional changes in stromule branches occur in tandem with the behavior of neighboring ER tubules. Three-dimensional and four-dimensional volume rendering reveals that stromules that extend into cortical regions occupy channels between ER tubules possibly through multiple membrane contact sites. Our observations clearly depict coincidental stromule-ER behavior and suggest that either the neighboring ER tubules shape stromules directly or the behavior of both ER and stromules is simultaneously dictated by a shared cytoskeleton-based mechanism. These new observations strongly implicate the ER membrane in interactions with stromules and suggest that their interacting surfaces might serve as major conduits for bidirectional exchange of ions, lipids, and metabolites between the two organelles.