bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal insulin analogues in diabetic pregnancy: a literature review and baseline results of a randomised, controlled trial in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Damm Peter , Jovanovic Lois , McCance David R. , Thyregod Camilla , Jensen Anders Boisen , Hod Moshe 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAs basal insulin analogues are being used off‐label, there is a need to evaluate their safety (maternal hypoglycaemia and fetal and perinatal outcomes) and efficacy [haemoglobin A$_{\rm{1c}}$ (HbA$_{\rm{1c}}$), fasting plasma glucose, and maternal weight gain]. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current literature concerning basal insulin analogue use in diabetic pregnancy, and to present the design and preliminary, non‐validated baseline characteristics of a currently ongoing randomized, controlled, open‐label, multicentre, multinational trial comparing insulin detemir with neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, both with insulin aspart, in women with type 1 diabetes planning a pregnancy (n = 306) or are already pregnant (n = 164).Inclusion criteria include type 1 diabetes > 12 months' duration; screening HbA$_{\rm{1c}} \leq 9.0\%$ (women recruited prepregnancy), or pregnant with gestational age 8–12 weeks and HbA$_{\rm{1c}} \leq 8.0\%$ at randomization. At confirmation of pregnancy all subjects must have HbA$_{\rm{1c}} \leq 8.0\%$. Exclusion criteria include impaired hepatic function, cardiac problems, and uncontrolled hypertension. Subjects are randomized to either insulin detemir or neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, both with prandial insulin aspart. The results are expected mid‐2011 with full publications expected later this year. Baseline characteristics show that basal insulin analogues are already frequently used in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. This study will hopefully elucidate the safety and efficacy of the basal insulin analogue detemir in diabetic pregnancy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blue eyes as a risk factor for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Di Stasio Enrico , Maggi Daria , Berardesca Enzo , Marulli Georgiana Clare , Bizzarri Carla , Lauria Angelo , Portuesi Rosalba , Cavallo Maria Gisella , Costantino Francesco , Buzzetti Raffaella , Astorri Elisa , Pitocco Dario , Songini Marco , Pozzilli Paolo ,   The IMDIAB Group
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundA high frequency of blue eyes and fair skin are reported in northern European Caucasians with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Also there is an inverse relationship between latitude and T1D incidence. We determined whether iris colour and skin pigmentation are risk factors in a Caucasian population living in two Mediterranean regions located at the same latitude with higher ultraviolet B irradiance, but with different T1D incidence.MethodsWe studied iris colour in 281 consecutive subjects with T1D and 298 controls. Skin type was evaluated by melanin quantification.ResultsIn Lazio, blue eyes and fair skin type are significantly more common in T1D subjects than in controls (21 versus 9%, p = 0.002; 50 versus 35%, p < 0.001, respectively). In Sardinia, the frequency of blue eyes in T1D subjects is twice that in controls (5.8 versus 2.6% and significantly higher when compared to the expected calculated frequency in the entire population). By logistic regression analysis, only blue eyes are independent and significant predictors of T1D [odds ratio for blue eyes = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (1.1–4.4), p = 0.019].ConclusionsAs previously shown in a Caucasian population from northern Europe, blue eyes and a trend for fair skin increase the risk for T1D also in a Caucasian population born and residing in a Mediterranean region (Continental Italy). This finding may be relevant for explaining different T1D incidence as prevalence of blue eyes differ substantially between northern and southern European Caucasians. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification of pharmaceutical preparations using thin‐layer chromatography to obtain mass spectra with Direct Analysis in Real Time and accurate mass spectrometry
Authors: Wood Jessica L. , Steiner Robert R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractForensic analysis of pharmaceutical preparations requires a comparative analysis with a standard of the suspected drug in order to identify the active ingredient. Purchasing analytical standards can be expensive or unattainable from the drug manufacturers. Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART™) is a novel, ambient ionization technique, typically coupled with a JEOL AccuTOF™ (accurate mass) mass spectrometer. While a fast and easy technique to perform, a drawback of using DART™ is the lack of component separation of mixtures prior to ionization. Various in‐house pharmaceutical preparations were purified using thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and mass spectra were subsequently obtained using the AccuTOF™‐ DART™ technique. Utilizing TLC prior to sample introduction provides a simple, low‐cost solution to acquiring mass spectra of the purified preparation. Each spectrum was compared against an in‐house molecular formula list to confirm the accurate mass elemental compositions. Spectra of purified ingredients of known pharmaceuticals were added to an in‐house library for use as comparators for casework samples. Resolving isomers from one another can be accomplished using collision‐induced dissociation after ionization. Challenges arose when the pharmaceutical preparation required an optimized TLC solvent to achieve proper separation and purity of the standard. Purified spectra were obtained for 91 preparations and included in an in‐house drug standard library. Primary standards would only need to be purchased when pharmaceutical preparations not previously encountered are submitted for comparative analysis. TLC prior to DART™ analysis demonstrates a time efficient and cost saving technique for the forensic drug analysis community. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zebrafish heat shock protein a4 genes in the intestinal epithelium are up‐regulated during inflammation
Authors: Crawford Katie C. , Vega Flores Maria , Oehlers Stefan H. , Hall Christopher J. , Crosier Kathryn E. , Crosier Philip S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA number of heat shock proteins (HSPs), including Hsp70 and Hsp110, function as molecular chaperones within intestinal epithelial cells that line the mammalian digestive system. HSPs confer cellular protection against environmental stress induced by chemical toxins or pathogens. There is interest in how members of this protein family might influence the progression of inflammatory bowel disease. Using the zebrafish model system, we report the expression of the duplicated hspa4 genes within the intestinal epithelium. The hspa4 genes belong to the Hsp110 family. We show that under inflammatory stress conditions within the gut, expression of these genes is up‐regulated in a similar manner to that previously observed for mammalian Hsp70. Because of the amenability of the zebrafish to whole‐animal screening protocols, the hspa4 genes could be used as effective read‐outs for genetic, chemical and environmental factors that might influence intestinal inflammation. genesis 49:905–911, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties of Indium Arsenic(III) Oxide Halides: In2(As2O5)Cl2 and In4(As2O5)(As3O7)Br3
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Xu Zhong‐Ning , Zhao Zhong‐Yan , Guo Sheng‐Ping , Guo Guo‐Cong , Huang Jin‐Shun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo new indium arsenic(III) oxide halides, In2(As2O5)Cl2 (1) and In4(As2O5)(As3O7)Br3 (2), have been prepared by solid‐state reaction. Both of the compounds feature layered structures, in which indium–oxide halide octahedral rings or indium–oxo chains are bridged by indium–oxide halide octahedral dimers or indium–oxo unicapped trigonal prisms, and the interlinkage between the rings or chains is also consolidated by (As2O5)4– anions for 1, or (As2O5)4– and (As3O7)5– anions for 2. Compound 2 is the first compound in which three different indium‐ion coordination geometries coexist with the In3+ cations coordinated by O2– and Br– to form [InO6], [InO7], and [InOBr3] units. The diffuse reflectance spectra and band‐structure calculations show that they are wide‐band‐gap semiconductors.
[2+2] Photocycloaddition of Symmetrically Disubstituted Alkenes to 2(5H)‐Furanones: Diastereoselective Entry to 1,2,3,4‐Tetrasubstituted Cyclobutanes
Authors: Parés Sònia , de March Pedro , Font Josep , Alibés Ramon , Figueredo Marta 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA study on the [2+2] photochemical cycloaddition of 1,4‐difunctionalized 2‐butenes to 2(5H)‐furanones is presented. These reactions deliver 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted cyclobutanes with suitable functionalization in the four side chains for further synthetic elaboration. The effects of the substituents in both the lactone and the 2‐butene on the stereoselectivity of the photochemical reaction have been evaluated. Starting from (Z)‐2‐butenes, under photosensitized conditions, a competitive cis/trans isomerization of the olefin inhibits the cycloaddition process. It was found that the presence of a cis double bond confined within a medium‐size ring does not prevent bond rotation in the intermediate 1,4‐biradicals.
Combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and chlorine dioxide for disinfection of water
Authors: Maslak Dominik , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe combination of hydrodynamically generated cavitation with disinfectants is a new approach for disinfection of water. The aim of this study was to investigate the inactivation of Escherichia coli at high cell densities (∼107 cells mL–1) with a combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and chlorine dioxide. A new type of hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (micro wire mesh with downstream nozzle) was developed, which consumes 30% less energy than conventionally used orifice plates at similar flow rates. Compared with sole chlorine dioxide incubation the combination of chlorine dioxide with hydrodynamically generated cavitation resulted in a reduction of 50–70% of incubation time for 99% cell inactivation at an initial chlorine dioxide concentration of 0.25 mg L–1. The final viable cell number was reduced by a factor of 100–1000 compared to sole chlorine dioxide disinfection. An energy demand of ∼0.1–0.2 kWh m–1 is necessary to induce hydrodynamic cavitation at these optimum operation conditions (cavitation number of 0.13–0.17). Higher inactivation rates, the reduction of surviving cells by orders of magnitude compared to sole chlorine dioxide inactivation or the reduction of initial chlorine dioxide concentration compensate for the additional energy demand.
Fully automated production of potential Malaria vaccines with Pichia pastoris in integrated processing
Authors: Martens Sanja , Borchert Sven‐Oliver , Faber Bart W. , Cornelissen Gesine , Luttmann Reiner 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHere, we have studied the setup of an integrated bioprocess for the production of artificial Malaria vaccine candidates with Pichia pastoris. Production of pharmaceutically relevant proteins such as vaccines has high demands regarding protein processing in the bioreactor and for subsequent purification. To implement this challenging protein expression process, a highly instrumented bioreactor was configured for repeated fed batch cultivations and supplemented with an at‐line monitoring of the target protein production via HPLC. The integration of a fast in situ purification of the sensitive products using an expanded bed adsorption for a sequential integrated bioprocess allows cyclic product separation. Thus, a fully automated production of artificial malaria vaccines was achieved.
Probucol ameliorates renal and metabolic sequelae of primary CoQ deficiency in Pdss2 mutant mice
Authors: Falk Marni J. , Polyak Erzsebet , Zhang Zhe , Peng Min , King Rhonda , Maltzman Jonathan S. , Okwuego Ezinne , Horyn Oksana , Nakamaru‐Ogiso Eiko , Ostrovsky Julian , Xie Letian X. , Chen Jia Yan , Marbois Beth , Nissim Itzhak , Clarke Catherine F. , Gasser David L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTherapy of mitochondrial respiratory chain diseases is complicated by limited understanding of cellular mechanisms that cause the widely variable clinical findings. Here, we show that focal segmental glomerulopathy‐like kidney disease in Pdss2 mutant animals with primary coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency is significantly ameliorated by oral treatment with probucol (1% w/w). Preventative effects in missense mutant mice are similar whether fed probucol from weaning or for 3 weeks prior to typical nephritis onset. Furthermore, treating symptomatic animals for 2 weeks with probucol significantly reduces albuminuria. Probucol has a more pronounced health benefit than high‐dose CoQ10 supplementation and uniquely restores CoQ9 content in mutant kidney. Probucol substantially mitigates transcriptional alterations across many intermediary metabolic domains, including peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) pathway signaling. Probucol's beneficial effects on the renal and metabolic manifestations of Pdss2 disease occur despite modest induction of oxidant stress and appear independent of its hypolipidemic effects. Rather, decreased CoQ9 content and altered PPAR pathway signaling appear, respectively, to orchestrate the glomerular and global metabolic consequences of primary CoQ deficiency, which are both preventable and treatable with oral probucol therapy.
Development and Fabrication of a New Concept Planar‐tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (PT‐SOFC)
Authors: Chen Y. , Chen F. , Ding D. , Gao J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe paper reports a new concept of planar‐tubular solid oxide fuel cell (PT‐SOFC). Emphasis is on the fabrication of the required complex configuration of Ni‐yttria‐stabilised zirconia (YSZ) porous anode support by tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) based gelcasting, particularly the effects of solid loading, amounts of monomers and dispersant on the rheological behaviour of suspension, the shrinkage of a wet gelcast green body upon drying, and the properties of final sample after sintering at 1350 °C and reduction from NiO‐YSZ to Ni‐YSZ. The results show that the gelcasting is a powerful method for preparation of the required complex configuration anode support. The anode support resulted from an optimised suspension with the solid loading of 25 vol% has uniform microstructure with 37% porosity, bending strength of 44 MPa and conductivity of 300 S cm—1 at 700 °C, meeting the requirements for an anode support of SOFC. Based on the as‐prepared anode support, PT‐SOFC single cell of Ni‐YSZ/YSZ/LSCF has been fabricated by slurry coating and co‐sintering technique. The cell peak power density reaches 63, 106 and 141 mW cm—2 at 700, 750 and 800 °C, respectively, using hydrogen as fuel and ambient air as oxidant.
Microtubule assembly affects bone mass by regulating both osteoblast and osteoclast functions: Stathmin deficiency produces an osteopenic phenotype in mice
Authors: Liu Hongbin , Zhang Rongrong , Ko Seon-Yle , Oyajobi Babatunde O , Papasian Christopher J , Deng Hong-Wen , Zhang Shujun , Zhao Ming 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Cytoskeleton microtubules regulate various cell signaling pathways that are involved in bone cell function. We recently reported that inhibition of microtubule assembly by microtubule-targeting drugs stimulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. To further elucidate the role of microtubules in bone homeostasis, we characterized the skeletal phenotype of mice null for stathmin, an endogenous protein that inhibits microtubule assembly. In vivo micro–computed tomography (µCT) and histology revealed that stathmin deficiency results in a significant reduction of bone mass in adult mice concurrent with decreased osteoblast and increased osteoclast numbers in bone tissues. Phenotypic analyses of primary calvarial cells and bone marrow cells showed that stathmin deficiency inhibited osteoblast differentiation and induced osteoclast formation. In vitro overexpression studies showed that increased stathmin levels enhanced osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse bone marrow–derived cells and attenuated osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursor Raw264.7 cells and bone marrow cells. Results of immunofluorescent studies indicated that overexpression of stathmin disrupted radial microtubule filaments, whereas deficiency of stathmin stabilized the microtubule network structure in these bone cells. In addition, microtubule-targeting drugs that inhibit microtubule assembly and induce osteoblast differentiation lost these effects in the absence of stathmin. Collectively, these results suggest that stathmin, which alters microtubule dynamics, plays an essential role in maintenance of postnatal bone mass by regulating both osteoblast and osteoclast functions in bone. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Cross‐talk between cell cycle induction and mitochondrial dysfunction during oxidative stress and nerve growth factor withdrawal in differentiated PC12 cells
Authors: Bianco Maria Rosaria , Berbenni Miluscia , Amara Flavio , Viggiani Sandra , Fragni Martina , Galimberti Valentina , Colombo Daniele , Cirillo Giovanni , Papa Michele , Alberghina Lilia , Colangelo Anna Maria 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNeuronal death has been reported to involve mitochondrial dysfunction and cell cycle reentry. In this report, we used Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)‐differentiated PC12 cells to investigate mechanisms linking mitochondrial dysfunction and cell cycle activation during neuronal death induced by NGF withdrawal and/or oxidative stress. We found that loss of survival following H2O2‐induced oxidative stress or NGF deprivation was preceded by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and up‐regulation of cyclin D1 and phosphorylation (Ser‐780) of protein retinoblastoma (P‐pRb), without an increase of proliferation rates. Treatment with H2O2, but not NGF deprivation, also induced the phosporylation (Ser‐10) of p27kip1 and the appearance of a cleaved P‐p27kip1 fragment of about 15 kDa. The extent of cell cycle activation appeared to be inversely correlated to the duration of toxic stimuli (pulse/continuous). H2O2‐induced mitogenic responses appeared to be mediated by induction of P‐MAPK and P‐Akt and were blocked by p38MAPK and JNK inhibitors as well as by the CDK inhibitor flavopiridol (Flav) and by sodium selenite (Sel), a component of selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidases. Inhibition of p38MAPK and JNK, instead, did not affect cyclin D1 changes following NGF deprivation. Finally, both Flav hydrochloride and Sel partially prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death following NGF withdrawal or H2O2 toxicity, but not during oxidative stress in the absence of NGF. Taken together, these data suggest that H2O2‐induced oxidative stress can determine distinct patterns of mitogenic responses as a function of mitochondrial dysfunction depending on 1) intensity/duration of stress stimuli and/or 2) presence of NGF. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single and local blockade of interleukin‐6 signaling promotes neuronal differentiation from transplanted embryonic stem cell‐derived neural precursor cells
Authors: Gomi Masanori , Aoki Tomohiro , Takagi Yasushi , Nishimura Masaki , Ohsugi Yoshiyuki , Mihara Masahiko , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Hashimoto Nobuo , Miyamoto Susumu , Takahashi Jun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSafe and efficient transplantation of embryonic stem (ES) cells to the brain requires that local inflammatory and immune responses to allogeneic grafts are inhibited. To investigate cytokines that affect graft cell survival and differentiation, we used stromal cell‐derived inducing activity to induce the differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from mouse ES cells and transplanted the NPCs into mouse brain. Examination of surrounding brain tissue revealed elevated expression levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, and IL‐6 in response to NPC transplantation. Among these, only IL‐6 reduced neuronal differentiation and promoted glial differentiation in vitro. When we added anti‐IL‐6 receptor antibodies to NPCs during transplantation, this single and local blockade of IL‐6 signaling reduced the accumulation of host‐derived leukocytes, including microglia. Furthermore, it also promoted neuronal differentiation and reduced glial differentiation from the grafted NPCs to an extent similar to that with systemic and continuous administration of cyclosporine A. These results suggest that local administration of anti‐IL‐6 receptor antibodies with NPCs may promote neuronal differentiation during the treatment of neurological diseases with cell replacement therapy. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local establishment of repetitive long‐term potentiation‐induced synaptic enhancement in cultured hippocampal slices with divided input pathways
Authors: Oe Yuki , Tominaga‐Yoshino Keiko , Ogura Akihiko 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLong‐term potentiation (LTP) in the rodent hippocampus is a popular model for synaptic plasticity, which is considered the cellular basis for brain memory. Because most LTP analysis involves acutely prepared brain slices, however, the longevity of single LTP has not been well documented. Using stable hippocampal slice cultures for long‐term examination, we previously found that single LTP disappeared within 1 day. In contrast, repeated induction of LTP led to the development of a distinct type of plasticity that lasted for more than 3 weeks and was accompanied by the formation of new synapses. Naming this novel plastic phenomenon repetitive LTP‐induced synaptic enhancement (RISE), we proposed it as a model for the cellular processes involved in long‐term memory formation. However, because in those experiments LTP was induced pharmacologically in the whole slice, it is not known whether RISE has input‐pathway specificity, an essential property for memory. In this study, we divided the input pathway of CA1 pyramidal neurons by a knife cut and induced LTP three times, the third by tetanic stimulation in one of the divided pathways to express RISE specifically. Voltage‐sensitive dye imaging andGolgi‐staining performed 2 weeks after the three LTP inductions revealed both enhanced synaptic strength and increased dendritic spine density confined to the tetanized region. These results demonstrate that RISE is a feasible cellular model for long‐term memory. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does dynamical downscaling introduce novel information in climate model simulations of precipitation change over a complex topography region?
Authors: Tselioudis George , Douvis Costas , Zerefos Christos 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCurrent climate and future climate‐warming runs with the RegCM Regional Climate Model (RCM) at 50 and 11 km‐resolutions forced by the ECHAM GCM are used to examine whether the increased resolution of the RCM introduces novel information in the precipitation field when the models are run for the mountainous region of the Hellenic peninsula. The model results are inter‐compared with the resolution of the RCM output degraded to match that of the GCM, and it is found that in both the present and future climate runs the regional models produce more precipitation than the forcing GCM. At the same time, the RCM runs produce increases in precipitation with climate warming even though they are forced with a GCM that shows no precipitation change in the region. The additional precipitation is mostly concentrated over the mountain ranges, where orographic precipitation formation is expected to be a dominant mechanism. It is found that, when examined at the same resolution, the elevation heights of the GCM are lower than those of the averaged RCM in the areas of the main mountain ranges. It is also found that the majority of the difference in precipitation between the RCM and the GCM can be explained by their difference in topographic height. The study results indicate that, in complex topography regions, GCM predictions of precipitation change with climate warming may be dry biased due to the GCM smoothing of the regional topography. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society