bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint acute toxicity of diazinon and copper toCeriodaphnia dubia
Authors: Banks Kenneth E. , Wood Sylvia H. , Matthews Cathy , Thuesen Kevin A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDiazinon and copper are two contaminants that are widely found in urban streams and in municipal wastewater effluents. Because these contaminants may be found concurrently, the potential for their joint toxicity is of interest, particularly with regard to toxicity testing of wastewater effluents and the ecological implications of simultaneous exposures in urban streams. Although interactions between metals are well studied, relatively little is known about interactions between metals and organophosphate compounds such as diazinon. In this study, the interaction between copper and diazinon was evaluated using cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia) in 48-h static tests within laboratory water. Using toxic units derived from concurrently established 48-h median lethal concentration values (LC50) of test organisms of each individual toxicant, the effects of the mixture of copper and diazinon on the survival of C. dubia were shown to be generally nonconcentration additive (LC50 significantly greater than one toxic unit). However, evaluation of the dose-response relationship across the entire range of effect levels revealed that the mortality induced by the mixture of copper and diazinon supported concentration additivity at higher effect levels.
Analysis of field and laboratory data to derive selenium toxicity thresholds for birds
Authors: Adams William J. , Brix Kevin V. , Edwards Melanie , Tear Lucinda M. , Deforest David K. , Fairbrother Anne 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In this paper, we critically evaluate the statistical approaches and datasets previously used to derive chronic egg selenium thresholds for mallard ducks (laboratory data) and black-necked stilts (field data). These effect concentration thresholds of 3%, 10% (EC10), or 20% have been used by regulatory agencies to set avian protection criteria and site remediation goals, thus the need for careful assessment of the data. The present review indicates that the stilt field dataset used to establish a frequently cited chronic avian egg selenium threshold of 6 mg/kg dry weight lacks statistical robustness (r2 = 0.19-0.28 based on generalized linear models), suggesting that stilt embryo sensitivity to selenium is highly variable or that factors other than selenium are principally responsible for the increase in effects observed at the lower range of this dataset. Hockey stick regressions used with the stilt field dataset improve the statistical relationship (r2 = 0.90-0.97) but result in considerably higher egg selenium thresholds (EC10 = 21-31 mg/kg dry wt). Laboratory-derived (for mallards) and field-derived (for stilts) teratogenicity EC10 values are quite similar (16-24 mg/kg dry wt). Laboratory data regarding mallard egg inviability and duckling mortality data provide the most sensitive and statistically robust chronic threshold (EC10) with logit, probit, and hockey stick regressions fitted to laboratory data, resulting in mean egg selenium EC10 values of 12 to 15 mg/kg dry weight (r2 = 0.75-0.90).
Silver uptake by a marine diatom and its transfer to the coastal copepod Acartia spinicauda
Authors: Xu Yan , Wang Wen-Xiong 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Silver(Ag) is an important metal contaminant in many coastal waters and often is accompanied by high nutrient concentrations in the effluent outfall. The biological uptake of Ag by the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana at various levels of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate was examined under different growth conditions of the cells. The biological uptake of Ag increased significantly with increasing concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate, presumably because of the increase in algal growth rate or increasing sulfur-containing ligands available for Ag transport. The calculated Ag uptake rate constants increased by 3 to 16 times with increasing nitrate and ammonium concentration from 5.88 μM to 176 μM. The assimilation efficiency (AE) of Ag by the coastal copepod Acartia spinicauda was quantified under different ecological and chemical conditions of the diatom prey. The Ag AEs were in the range of 3 to 23%, and increased with decreasing diatom food concentrations or when the diatoms were grown at a lower nutrient level. Significant correlations were demonstrated between the AE and the distribution of Ag in the diatom's cytoplasm, the Ag concentration factor in the diatoms, Ag retention in the particles during the feeding period, and the Ag gut passage time in the copepods. Desorption within the copepod's gut appears to play a critical role in Ag assimilation and partially accounts for the variability of Ag AEs under different food and geochemical conditions. Our study highlights that several geochemical and physiological processes all significantly affect Ag trophic transfer in marine copepods. Given the dependence of Ag transfer on its concentration in ingested particles and food concentration, dietary uptake of Ag is probably variable in natural environments. The influence of eutrophication on Ag trophic transfer is dependent on the degree to which each kinetic parameter is affected by nutrient enrichments.
Impact of Peritoneal Dialysis Versus Hemodialysis on Incidence of Intra‐abdominal Infection After Simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney Transplant
Authors: Padillo‐Ruiz Javier , Arjona‐Sánchez Alvaro , Muñoz‐Casares Cristobal , Ruiz‐Rabelo Juan , Navarro Maria Dolores , Regueiro Juan C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundWhether peritoneal dialysis is a risk factor for the development of intra‐abdominal infection after simultaneous pancreas–kidney (SPK) transplantation is controversial.MethodsWe investigated the incidence of intra‐abdominal infection and graft survival rates in 100 patients who underwent SPK transplantation. Prior to transplantation, 25 patients received peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 75 received hemodialysis (HD); mean duration of dialysis was 25 ± 35 months and 17 ± 10 months, respectively.ResultsThe two groups displayed similar gender distribution, cold ischemia time, dialysis duration, diabetes duration, and method of exocrine drainage. Intra‐abdominal infections developed in 23 patients in the HD group (30%) and in 6 (24%) patients in the PD group (P = 0.41). In the HD group, 61% of patients with intra‐abdominal infections had grades 3 and 4 complications requiring surgery, compared with only 33% in the PD group. The 1‐year pancreas graft survival rate was 88% for HD and 94% for PD (P = 0.67) (mean follow‐up = 55 ± 38 months). There were no significant intergroup differences in acute rejection episodes, kidney graft survival rates, or length of hospital stay.ConclusionsIn our experience, PD prior to SPK transplantation is not associated with increased incidence of intra‐abdominal infection compared to HD.
A Meta‐Analysis of After‐School Programs That Seek to Promote Personal and Social Skills in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Durlak Joseph A. , Weissberg Roger P. , Pachan Molly 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA meta‐analysis of after‐school programs that seek to enhance the personal and social skills of children and adolescents indicated that, compared to controls, participants demonstrated significant increases in their self‐perceptions and bonding to school, positive social behaviors, school grades and levels of academic achievement, and significant reductions in problem behaviors. The presence of four recommended practices associated with previously effective skill training (SAFE: sequenced, active, focused, and explicit) moderated several program outcomes. One important implication of current findings is that ASPs should contain components to foster the personal and social skills of youth because youth can benefit in multiple ways if these components are offered. The second implication is that further research is warranted on identifying program characteristics that can help us understand why some programs are more successful than others.
More Than Attendance: The Importance of After‐School Program Quality
Authors: Hirsch Barton J. , Mekinda Megan A. , Stawicki JulieAnn 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA central theme of the articles featured in this issue is the need to improve the quality of after‐school programs. In this commentary, we discuss why student engagement, program characteristics and implementation, staff training, and citywide policy are key considerations in the effort to define and achieve high quality programs for youth.
Inside the Black Box: Assessing and Improving Quality in Youth Programs
Authors: Yohalem Nicole , Wilson-Ahlstrom Alicia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOver the past decade, structured programming for children and youth during the non‐school hours has expanded exponentially. A confluence of recent research studies and program evaluations backs the publicly perceived notion that after‐school programs can positively influence important developmental and learning outcomes. The rapid expansion of the field and the potential of programs to contribute to child and youth development have made defining what high quality programs look like and learning how to improve program quality key challenges facing the field. This paper describes what is known about the relation between youth program quality and youth developmental outcomes, summarizes different quality assessment tools being used in the field, and discusses how such tools are being used to drive systemic quality improvement efforts.
What Do Genetic Counselors Learn on the Job? A Qualitative Assessment of Professional Development Outcomes
Authors: Runyon Marie , Zahm Kimberly W. , Veach Patricia McCarthy , MacFarlane Ian M. , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractProfessional development is an important goal for professionals in human service fields such as counseling, teaching, and nursing. However, there are relatively few published papers on this topic specific to genetic counselors, and no studies systematically examine the outcomes of their professional development. This study was designed to investigate genetic counselors’ perceptions of their post‐degree learning and to compare themes in their learning to those of psychotherapist professional development models. Two hundred ninety‐three genetic counselors completed the demographics portion of an anonymous online survey, and of these, 185 also responded to at least one of two open‐ended items: What is the most important thing you have learned about yourself in your practice as a genetic counselor? and What advice would you give to genetic counseling students just starting their career? An interpretative content‐analysis method was used to extract three major themes: Intrapersonal lessons, Interpersonal lessons, and Professional lessons. Training and practice implications and research recommendations are provided.
The Siting of Metalwork Hoards in the Bronze Age of South-East England
Authors: Yates David , Bradley Richard 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe paper discusses the siting of Middle and Late Bronze Age hoards in south Hampshire, Sussex and parts of Surrey and Kent. It presents the results of fieldwork at the findspots of a hundred metalwork deposits and discusses the most informative ways of studying them on the ground. On the coastal plain the hoards were not far from occupation sites, and can be associated with evidence of burnt mounds and occasionally with field systems. That was less common on the chalk. Throughout the study area these deposits were normally located along watercourses, with a special emphasis on small areas of ground beside, or overlooking springs and confluences. It seems as if the deposition of bronze metalwork was governed by certain conventions. For that reason it may be possible to predict the pattern of future discoveries.
A faecal analysis of helminth infections in wild and captive wolves,Canis lupusL., in Poland
Authors: Szafrańska E. , Wasielewski O. , Bereszyński A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOne hundred and three samples of faeces of reared grey wolves from four locations (Stobnica Park and Zoological Gardens in Bydgoszcz, Wrocław and Cracow) and twenty-six samples of faeces from two free-roaming packs of grey wolf (Canis lupusL.) in Piła (Forest Divisions: Borne Sulinowo, Czarnobór, Jastrowo) and Zielona Góra (Forest Divisions: Torzym, Krosno Odrzańskie) were collected between 2005 and 2007. Helminth eggs were detected in 78.6% of faecal samples of reared grey wolves and in 88.4% of those of free-roaming wolves. The trematodeAlaria alata(80.1%) and nematodesEucoleus aerophilus(23.1%) andSpirocerca lupi(11.5%) were only detected from wild packs of wolves and the nematodesAncylostoma caninum(35.9%),Trichuris vulpis(15.5%) andToxocara canis(3.9%) were only detected from reared wolves. Differences were observed in the prevalence and composition of helminth fauna between reared and wild grey wolves and our results are compared with those from studies within Poland and elsewhere in Europe.
Sympatric and allopatric experimental infections of the planorbid snailGyraulus chinensiswith miracidia ofEuparyphium albuferensis(Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)
Authors: Muñoz-Antoli C. , Marín A. , Trelis M. , Toledo R. , Esteban J.-G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn experimental infection with echinostomatid miracidia in sympatric or ‘local’ vs. allopatric or ‘away’ snail combinations, as a model to examine parasite compatibility, was carried out. We employedEuparyphium albuferensismiracidia to infectGyraulus chinensissnails, from three different natural parks: Albufera (Valencia, Spain); the Ebro Delta (Tarragona, Spain) and Coto de Doñana (Huelva, Spain). Insignificant differences between the three snail strains were noted for the infection rate and the rhythm of daily cercarial production. However, a significantly higher total cercarial production per snail, patent period and life span were observed in local snails. The different infection characteristics in the threeG. chinensisstrains considered reveal thatE. albuferensismiracidia demonstrate local adaptation.
Northern exposure: opportunities and challenges for tourism development in Torngat Mountains National Park, Labrador, Canada
Authors: Maher Patrick T. , Lemelin R. Harvey 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTTorngat Mountains National Park (TMNP) is Canada's newest national park, and was established in 2005. The development of the park has mirrored a change in mandate for the agency that manages it, Parks Canada. Since 2005 Parks Canada has sought to focus on ‘proactively facilitate[ing] opportunities for meaningful and memorable visitor experiences’, complimentary to maintaining the protection of ecological integrity and providing education (Parks Canada 2005, no page numbers). Under the auspices of this new multi-faceted mandate, this research note will examine the current state of tourism in TMNP, and will also evaluate some of the opportunities and challenges for the future. Within Parks Canada's Visitor experience vision 2015 statement, understanding tourism delivery in the present and future are important components of its mission, as is engagement with external partners to assist in this process. The analysis of tourism development in TMNP for this note comes from the authors' two week research trips to the park in August 2008 and July 2009, undertaken to assist Parks Canada to evaluate their current visitor experience activities and future options.
Genetic and environmental influences on internalizing psychopathology vary as a function of economic status
Authors: South S. C. , Krueger R. F. 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundDifferent theories of the link between socio-economic status (SES) and mental illness have been postulated. In particular, two theories of this association, social causation and social selection, differ in the implied causal pathway. The authors employ behavior genetic modeling to consider evidence for both social selection and social causation in the relationship between income variation and internalizing disorders.MethodBehavior genetic modeling was used to estimate the presence of gene–environment interaction (GxE, social causation) in the presence of gene–environment correlation (rGE, social selection). Participants were members of a sample of 719 twin pairs from the Midlife in the United States study. Four internalizing (INT) syndromes were assessed: major depression (MD); generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); panic attacks (PA); neuroticism (N). SES was measured with total family household income.ResultsOne factor best accounted for the variance shared between MD, GAD, PA and N. The etiology of variation in INT changed from high to low levels of income, with unique environmental factors playing a larger role in INT variation at lower levels of income. Across levels of income, rGE between income and INT was modest (low incomera=0.39 to high incomera=0.54), implying a selection process operating through genetic effects linking lower income with INT psychopathology.ConclusionsFindings support social causation by suggesting that low income contributes significantly to environmental variation in INT. Modest support was found for social selection, but should be extended using longitudinal designs. Effective interventions for internalizing psychopathology may differ depending on income.
The pathways to mental health care of first-episode psychosis patients: a systematic review
Authors: Anderson K. K. , Fuhrer R. , Malla A. K. 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundAlthough there is agreement on the association between delay in treatment of psychosis and outcome, less is known regarding the pathways to care of patients suffering from a first psychotic episode. Pathways are complex, involve a diverse range of contacts, and are likely to influence delay in treatment. We conducted a systematic review on the nature and determinants of the pathway to care of patients experiencing a first psychotic episode.MethodWe searched four databases (Medline, HealthStar, EMBASE, PsycINFO) to identify articles published between 1985 and 2009. We manually searched reference lists and relevant journals and used forward citation searching to identify additional articles. Studies were included if they used an observational design to assess the pathways to care of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP).ResultsIncluded studies (n=30) explored the first contact in the pathway and/or the referral source that led to treatment. In 13 of 21 studies, the first contact for the largest proportion of patients was a physician. However, in nine of 22 studies, the referral source for the greatest proportion of patients was emergency services. We did not find consistent results across the studies that explored the sex, socio-economic, and/or ethnic determinants of the pathway, or the impact of the pathway to care on treatment delay.ConclusionsAdditional research is needed to understand the help-seeking behavior of patients experiencing a first-episode of psychosis, service response to such contacts, and the determinants of the pathways to mental health care, to inform the provision of mental health services.
The regulation of post-germinative transition from the cotyledon- to vegetative-leaf stages by microRNA-targeted SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN LIKE13 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Martin Ruth C. , Asahina Masashi , Liu Po-Pu , Kristof Jessica R. , Coppersmith Jennifer L. , Pluskota Wioletta E. , Bassel George W. , Goloviznina Natalya A. , Nguyen Theresa T. , Martínez-Andújar Cristina , Arun Kumar M.B. , Pupel Piotr , Nonogaki Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGermination and early seedling development are critical for successful stand establishment of plants. Following germination, the cotyledons, which are derived from embryonic tissue, emerge from the seed. Arabidopsis seedlings at post-germinative stages are supported mainly by the supply of nutrition from the cotyledons until vegetative leaves emerge and initiate photosynthesis. The switch to autotrophic growth is a significant transition at the post-germinative stage. Here, we provide evidence that down-regulation of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN LIKE13 (SPL13) by microRNA156 (miR156) plays an important role in the regulation of the post-germinative switch from the cotyledon stage to the vegetative-leaf stage. Silent mutations created in the SPL13 sequence in the region that is complementary to the miR156 sequence caused the deregulation of the mutant form of SPL13 (mSPL13) mRNA from miR156. Mutant seedlings over-accumulated miRNA-resistant messages and exhibited a delay in the emergence of vegetative leaves compared to wild-type seedlings. The delay was not observed in control transgenic plants expressing non-mutated SPL13, indicating that the phenotype was caused specifically by the silent mutations and deregulation of SPL13 from miR156. Characterization of the SPL13 promoter indicated that this gene is expressed mainly in the hypocotyl and affects leaf primordium development. These results suggest that the repression of SPL13 by miR156 is essential for normal post-germinative growth in Arabidopsis.
Clustering of multiple lifestyle behaviours and its relationship with weight status and cardiorespiratory fitness in a sample of Flemish 11- to 12-year-olds
Authors: Seghers Jan , Rutten Cindy 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore the existence of clusters in multiple lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity (PA), sedentariness and food habits, in young adolescents. The present study also investigated whether the identified groups could be characterised by gender and components of health-related physical fitness, especially weight status and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).DesignA cross-sectional survey. Leisure-time PA, sedentary behaviour and food consumption were assessed by a questionnaire. Overweight prevalence was estimated using BMI (kg/m2) calculated from self-reported height and weight. CRF was measured using a 20 m shuttle-run test.SettingThe study was conducted in four middle schools in Flanders, Belgium.SubjectsThe sample size was 317 seventh grade students aged 11–12 years.ResultsFour reliable and meaningful lifestyle clusters could be identified, labelled as ‘Sporty media-oriented mixed eaters’ (boys:n34; girls:n16), ‘Academic healthy eaters’ (boys:n30; girls:n58), ‘Inactive healthy eaters’ (boys:n38; girls:n57) and ‘Inactive media-oriented unhealthy eaters’ (boys:n35; girls:n49). The lifestyle clusters could not be characterised by adolescents’ weight status. Among boys, the ‘Sporty media-oriented mixed eaters’ group performed significantly better on the shuttle-run test than those in clusters with the lowest levels of PA (clusters 3 and 4).ConclusionsOur results showed that healthy and risk-related behaviours may coexist in some groups of young adolescents. Isolated unhealthy behaviours, such as high levels of screen-based media use or high consumption of energy-dense food items, are not necessarily related with negative health outcomes, on the condition that these risk-related behaviours co-occur with more health-enhancing behaviours such as PA.
Pension reforms, liquidity constraints and labour supply responses
Authors: COLOMBINO UGO , HERNÆS ERIK , LOCATELLI MARILENA , STRØM STEINAR 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLabour supply responses among older people are estimated on 1996 cross-section register data covering all Norwegians aged 55–68, with an inter-temporal structural model of retirement decisions. Simulations illustrate the impact of introducing flexible pension take-up with actuarial adjustment. With the option of perfect consumption smoothing via the credit market, the reform which comes into effect in Norway from 2011 will reduce the share of retired persons in the age bracket 60–67 (in the base year 15–16%) by around 3 percentage points. With no consumption smoothing, the reduction will be 0.75 percentage points.