bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ternary Deictic System in Aromanian
Authors: Nevaci Manuela 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Ternary deictic system in Aromanian Adverbs of place of the type here, there, which form a binary system met in many languages, can be considered as local or spatial deictic elements. In Ibero-Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, and Catalan) a ternary deictic system appears which, regionally, can be found in dialects of the Romanian language, i.e. Aromanian and Dacoromanian. This paper deals with the spatial deictic system using three terms in Aromanian and comparing them to the Romance and Balkan (Albanian) languages; this information is compared with the situation observed in another local dialect. The presence of the ternary deictic system in some Romance languages, as well as in Slavic ones and in Albanian, around which Aromanian developed (especially the Fãrşerot local dialect), proves that there is a Romance tendency developed within the Balkan context in Aromanian, too.
Early Results of Combined and Staged Coronary Bypass and Carotid Endarterectomy in Advanced Age Patients in Single Centre
Authors: Iyem Hikmet , Buket Suat 
Published: April 2009

Aim:In present study, we aimed to compare the staged and combined surgery in patients with severe carotid stenosis and coronary atherosclerosis and detect the factors affecting mortality and morbidity.Material and method:Between 2004 and 2008, 120 patients with predominant ischemic heart disease were enrolled to study. Patients were divided into three groups on basis surgery procedure. Group 1 (n=40) includeed patients had coronary artery disease without carotid disease underwent coronary artery by-pass graft (CABG) operation. Group 2 (n=40): included patients underwent combined surgery procedure including CABG and carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Patients underwent staged CABG and CEA were enrolled to Group 3 (n=40). All patients were in advanced aged and were had the same risk factors atributable atherosclerosisResults:Mean age of the patients in all groups were 68±6, 69±3, 71±2 respectively, and 83% were male. Eight patients died in all groups at follow-up(seven in group 2 and 3, and one in group 1) and the difference between both groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). The follow-up period in the intensive care unit, and hospitalization period were not statistically different between CABG group and combined CEA plus CABG group.Conclusion:We think that the results of staged or combined CABG plus CEA surgery are satisfactory in patients with severe carotid disease and advanced coronary artery disease. However, the mortality and morbidity in both procedures are higher than those of alone.
Etude theorique de la premiere protonation de la proflavine
Authors: Rayez J. C. , Chalvet O. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUne étude comparée théorique et expérimentale a permis d'obtenir des résultats cohérents sur la différence de comportement acido‐basique de la proflavine dans l'état fondamental et dans les états excités singulet et triplet. On montre notamment une séquence inhabituelle de pK de l'équilibre acido‐basique ptripletK < pfondamentalK < psinguletK, un changement de configuration électronique du plus bas triplet de cette molécule sous l'influence de la protonation ainsi que le rǒle important de la variation de l'énergie de solvatation au cours de l'absorption fondamental‐premier singulet excité.
The crystal and molecular structure of 6‐oxadihydrouracil
Authors: Venkatasubramian K. , Majeste R. J. , Trefonas L. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe crystal and molecular structure of 6‐oxadihydrouracil (C3H4N2O3) has been determined by single crystal x‐ray diffraction techniques. The compound crystallizes in the space group P21 21 21 with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions: a = 5.106(1)Å, b = 12.461(2)Å and c = 7.112(1)Å. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to a final value of R = 0.052. The oxauracil ring is non‐planar with the C5 atom assuming tetrahedral geometry and the ring oxygen having oxazinal distances and angle (C‐O = 1.432Å, N‐O = 1.408Å, and CON angle of 109.0°). The usual hydrogen bonding patterns associated with the uracil ring are absent in this compound.
Regulation of bovine oocyte‐specific transcripts during in vitro oocyte maturation and after maternal–embryonic transition analyzed using a transcriptomic approach
Authors: Thelie Aurore , Papillier Pascal , Perreau Christine , Uzbekova Svetlana , Hennequet‐Antier Christelle , Dalbies‐Tran Rozenn 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOocyte/embryo genomics in mammals faces specific challenges due to limited biological material, to the comparison of models with different total RNA contents, and to expression of a specific set of genes often absent from commercially available microarrays. Here, we report experimental validation of a RNA amplification protocol for bovine oocytes and blastocysts. Using real‐time PCR, we have confirmed that the profile of both abundant and scarce polyadenylated transcripts was conserved after RNA amplification. Next, amplified probes generated from immature oocytes, in vitro matured oocytes, and in vitro produced hatched blastocysts were hybridized onto a macroarray that included oocyte‐specific genes. Following an original approach, we have compared two normalization procedures, based on the median signal or an exogenous standard. We have evidenced the expected difference in sets of differential genes depending on the normalization procedure. Using a 1.5‐fold threshold, no transcript was found to be upregulated when data were normalized to an exogenous standard, which reflects the absence of transcription during in vitro oocyte maturation. In blastocysts, the majority of oocyte‐preferentially expressed genes were not activated, as previously observed in mouse. Finally, microarray data were validated by real‐time PCR on a random subset of genes. Our study sheds new light on and complements previous transcriptomic analyses of bovine oocyte to embryo transition using commercial platforms. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 773–782, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An infant with self‐healing cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis followed by isolated thymic relapse
Authors: Hatakeyama Naoki , Hori Tsukasa , Yamamoto Masaki , Sogawa Ineko , Inazawa Natsuko , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Suzuki Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThymic involvement with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) typically occurs in children as part of multi‐system (M‐S) LCH. Patients who develop skin‐only LCH during infancy may either follow a self‐healing course with spontaneous regression or may progress to M‐S involvement. We describe a male infant who developed isolated thymic LCH after spontaneous complete regression of isolated cutaneous lesions. His erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein increased temporarily during the skin‐only stage of LCH, and increased again considerably during the thymic relapse. Even for patients with skin‐only LCH, these laboratory data might indicate possible relapse or late progression of the disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:229–231. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Littoral and shoreline wood in mid‐continent great rivers (USA)
Authors: Angradi Ted. R. , Taylor Debra L. , Jicha Terri M. , Bolgrien David W. , Pearson Mark S. , Hill Brian H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWoody debris has several important roles in running water. Less is known about the ecology of wood in great rivers than in smaller rivers and streams. We used a probability survey to estimate the abundance of littoral and shoreline wood along the following mid‐continent great rivers of the United States in summer 2004–2006: the Missouri River, Upper Mississippi River, and the Ohio River. We counted wood pieces >0.3 m in diameter from a zone between the bank full level out into the river 10 m. We categorized wood according to its origin and function as “beached” (transported from upriver but not providing aquatic habitat), “wet” (origin unknown and providing aquatic habitat; includes snags), or “anchored” (attached to the bank at its current location and providing aquatic habitat). We counted 5900 pieces of wood at 447 sites across rivers. Approximately 56 percent of pieces were beached, 30 percent were wet, and 14 percent were anchored. Overall, mean abundance of wood was 2.6 pieces of wood 100 m−1 of shoreline (approximately 3.0 m3 100 m−1). Abundance of wood (pieces per unit distance of river) was much lower than has been reported for many smaller streams and rivers. There was more wood along the Upper Mississippi River (3.3 pieces 100 m−1) than elsewhere (≤2.4 pieces 100 m−1). The mean abundance of wood on the Ohio River decreased significantly between the 2004 and 2005 survey periods due to high flows. Longitudinal patterns in wood abundance were weak. There was less anchored and wet wood along shorelines protected by revetment (e.g., rip rap). There was generally more wood along shorelines where the riparian land use was characterized as forest rather than agriculture or developed. Mean abundance of wood along forested, un‐revetted shorelines was approximately four pieces 100 m−1 of shoreline (= 80 pieces km−1 of river). This estimate of mean wood abundance for what amounts to least disturbed riparian and shoreline conditions is relevant for great river bioassessment and management. Published in 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photometric Analysis of Magellanic Cloud R Coronae Borealis Stars in the Recovery Phases of Their Declines
Authors: Woollands R. M. , Cottrell P. L. , Udalski A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the initial results of a multi-site photometric programme to examine the extraordinary behaviour displayed by 18 R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). RCB stars exhibit a unique variability whereby they undergo rapid declines of up to several magnitudes. These are thought to be caused by the formation of dust in the stellar environment which reduces the brightness. The monitoring programme comprised the collection of UBVRI photometric data using five telescopes located at three different southern hemisphere longitudes (Las Campanas Observatory in Chile, Mount John University Observatory in New Zealand, and the Southern African Large Telescope, SALT, in South Africa). Examination of the data acquired in the V and I filters resulted in the identification of a total of 18 RCB declines occurring in four stars. Construction of colour–magnitude diagrams (V versus V – I), during the recovery to maximum light were undertaken in order to study the unique colour behaviour associated with the RCB declines. The combined recovery slope for the four stars was determined to be 3.37 ± 0.24, which is similar to the value of 3.1 ± 0.1 calculated for galactic RCB stars (Skuljan et al. 2003). These results may imply that the nature of the dust (i.e. the particle size) is similar in both our Galaxy and the MCs.
IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS IN THE TWO SELECTED HACCP‐CERTIFIED PRAWN PROCESSING UNITS
Authors: JONNALAGADDA PADMAJA R. , SUDERSHAN R.V. , RAJI N.S. , RAO D. RAGHUNATHA 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT A study on identification of critical control points in two export processing units indicated the contamination (cfu/g) of raw prawns with pathogenic fecal coliforms was <10–8 × 102 in Unit A, 1 × 101–1.3 × 102 in Unit B and 1 × 103–4 × 104 in pond to plate. The other microbial contaminants in Unit A and from Pond to Plate at different stages were Salmonella spp., 3 × 102–5.7 × 103 and 2 × 102–6 × 102; Staphylococcus aureus, 1.7 × 103–5.7 × 103 and 1 × 103 to 9 × 104; and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 3 × 102–2 × 104 and 3 × 104–5 × 104, respectively. However, microbial contamination was significantly reduced to <10 after subjecting to household cooking process.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSImplementation of hazard analysis critical control points (HACCPs) in the food industry is the most important approach to maintaining food safety. Identification of the critical control points in the HACCPs process will help the aquaculture industry to improve its production processes by applying good aquaculture and good hygienic practices at the production level. The study further provides clear insights into identifying critical control points both at the farm level and at the processing units that are important from farm to fork.
CONTROL OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ON FRANKFURTERS WITH ANTIMICROBIALS AND HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE PROCESSING*
Authors: PATEL J.R. , SANGLAY G.C. , SOLOMON M.B. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT The antilisterial activity of sodium diacetate and pediocin (ALTA 2341) on frankfurters was evaluated in combination with hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these strains as determined in tryptic soy broth was 0.4% and >600 AU/mL, for sodium diacetate and ALTA 2341, respectively. Frankfurters were surface inoculated with a five‐strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes after dipping in (1) control (sterile water); (2) 5% sodium diacetate; (3) 3% ALTA 2341(P1); (4) 6% ALTA 2341 (P2); (5) P1 + sodium diacetate; and (6) P2 + sodium diacetate for 5 min. The frankfurters were vacuum‐packaged and treated with hydrodynamic pressure or without HDP. Frankfurters were analyzed at 0, 7, 14 and 28 d for pH, L. monocytogenes (MOX) and aerobic (TSAYE) cell populations during storage at 4C. Antimicrobials and HDP treatment did not change (P < 0.05) the frankfurter pH. HDP treatment significantly reduced (1 log10 cfu/g) L. monocytogenes populations in frankfurters. Dipping treatments containing sodium diacetate or ALTA 2341 did not significantly reduce L. monocytogenes in frankfurters. There was a no synergistic effect between ALTA 2341 and HDP for inhibition of L. monocytogenes. The reduction pattern in aerobic cell populations during storage of antimicrobials and HDP‐treated frankfurters was similar to that of L. monocytogenes reduction. These results indicate that the ALTA 2341 preparation was not efficient enough to kill L. monocytogenes. Other antimicrobials should be evaluated in conjunction with HDP treatment for synergistic inhibition of L. monocytogenes during storage at 4C.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSince the early 1980s, when Listeria monocytogenes was first recognized as an emerging food‐borne pathogen, numbers of outbreaks of human listeriosis have been reported. Many of these outbreaks are associated with processed meats. Because of the high mortality rate associated with listeriosis, a zero tolerance approach for L. monocytogenes in ready‐to‐eat meats and poultry products has been selected by many countries, including the U.S.A. We reported significant L. monocytogenes reduction in frankfurters using hydrodynamic pressure (HDP) treatment. HDP processing using a nonexplosive energy source can be used to reduce L. monocytogenes in frankfurters. While pediocin and organic acids used in our study reduce L. monocytogenes during storage, their practical use is not significant as the reduction is marginal. Other antimicrobials should be evaluated in conjunction with high‐pressure processing for required reduction of L. monocytogenes during storage at 4C.
hnRNP A1 Interacts with the 5′ Untranslated Regions of Enterovirus 71 and Sindbis Virus RNA and Is Required for Viral Replication
Authors: Lin Jing-Yi , Shih Shin-Ru , Pan Manjing , Li Carol , Lue Chia-Fang , Stollar Victor , Li Mei-Ling 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 is involved in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus and translational regulation in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic redistribution of hnRNP A1 is a regulated process during viral infection and cellular stress. Here we demonstrate that hnRNP A1 not only is an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)
trans
-acting factor that binds specifically to the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of enterovirus 71 (EV71) and regulates IRES-dependent translation but also binds to the 5′ UTR of Sindbis virus (SV) and facilitates its translation. The cytoplasmic relocalization of hnRNP A1 in EV71-infected cells leads to the enhancement of EV71 IRES-mediated translation, and its function can be substituted by hnRNP A2, whereas the cytoplasmic relocalization of hnRNP A1 following SV infection enhances the SV translation, but this function cannot be replaced by hnRNP A2. Our study provides the first direct evidence that the cytoplasmic relocalization of hnRNP A1 controls not only the IRES-dependent but also non-IRES-dependent translation initiations of RNA viruses.
Predicting Failure Loads of Undamaged Sandwich Honeycomb Panels Subject to Bending
Authors: Staal R.A. , Mallinson G.D. , Jayaraman K. , Horrigan D.P.W. 
Published: April 2009

This paper describes a method to predict failure loads accurately in undamaged sandwich panels subject to bending. The current method of predicting failure loads using linear wrinkling models is limited. A general lack of correlation exists between experimental and analytical/numerical wrinkling models. In some cases, the linear wrinkling models over-estimate wrinkling failure loads in undamaged panels by 100%. Various authors have tried to account for this discrepancy by modifying their linear models to take into account imperfections or irregularities in the structure or in some cases by using correction factors to get them to agree. This research uses these Finite Element models to find failure stresses in undamaged panels and to track the failure mode and determine the failure mechanism. Based on the failure mechanism found from the Finite Element analyses, a revised analytical expression is developed. These numerical and analytical models are verified against four point bend tests for a range of panel configurations. The results show that the panels collapse due to localised core crushing as a consequence of face sheet wrinkling. By using correct core failure criteria an almost perfect correlation is found between experimental, numerical and analytical results.
Selection criteria and generalizability within the counterfactual framework: explaining the paradox of antidepressant-induced suicidality?
Authors: Weisberg Herbert I , Hayden Vanessa C , Pontes Victor P 
Published: April 2009

Background Although the superior internal validity of the randomized clinical trial (RCT) is invaluable to establish causality, generalizability is far from guaranteed. In particular, strict selection criteria intended to maximize treatment efficacy and safety can impair external validity. This problem is widely acknowledged in principle but sometimes ignored in practice, with considerable consequences for treatment options. Purpose We demonstrate how selection of patients for an RCT can bias the results when the treatment effect varies across individuals. Indeed, not only the magnitude, but even the direction of the causal effect found in an RCT can differ from the causal effect in the target population. Methods A counterfactual model is developed to represent the selection process explicitly. This simple extension of the standard counterfactual model is used to explore the implications of restrictive exclusion criteria intended to eliminate high-risk individuals. The counterintuitive findings of a recent FDA meta-analysis of suicidality in pediatric populations treated with antidepressant medications are interpreted in the light of this counterfactual model. Results When the causal effect of an intervention can vary across individuals, the potential for selection bias (in the sense of a threat to external validity) can be serious. In particular, we demonstrate that the stricter the inclusion/exclusion criteria the greater the potential inflation of relative risk. A critical factor in determining bias is the extent to which individuals with differing types of causal effects can be distinguished prior to sampling. Furthermore, we propose methods that can sometimes be useful to identify the existence of bias in an actual study. When applied to the FDA meta-analysis of pediatric suicidality in RCTs of modern antidepressant medications, these methods suggest that the elevated risk observed may be an artifact of selection bias. Limitations Real-life scenarios are generally more complex than the counterfactual model presented here. Future modeling efforts are needed to refine and extend our approach. Conclusions When variation of treatment effects across individuals is plausible, lack of generalizability should be a serious concern. Therefore, external validity of RCTs needs to be carefully considered in the design of an RCT and the interpretation of its results, especially when the study can influence regulatory decisions about drug safety. RCTs should not automatically be considered definitive, especially when their results conflict with those of observational studies. Whenever possible, empirical evidence of bias resulting from sample selection should be obtained and taken into account. Clinical Trials 2009; 6: 109—118. http://ctj.sagepub.com
Terminologie des Töpferhandwerks aus dem Übermurgebiet/Prekmurje
Authors: Koletnik Mihaela 
Published: April 2009

Abstract: The Terminology of Pottery in Prekmurje, Slovenia
This article presents the terminology employed in the pottery of Prekmurje. The terms presented are related to the most important pottery activities: getting (digging) clay, shaping objects on a potter's wheel, firing them in the kiln, preparing the glaze, drying the products and selling them. These are all professionnal dialectal terms dating back centuries ago, the proof of which is provided by archeological finds and local geographical names. The development of pottery in Prekmurje – the flat agricultural region which lies along the Mura River in the extreme northeast of Slovenia, bordering on Austria and Hungary – was possible because of the rich quantities of suitable clay and the high demand for earthenware. In addition to weaving, pottery was among the most important trades in Prekmurje and in some villages the majority of the population was involved in it.
Owing to the changed social circumstances, the technical revolution (new cooking technology), the changed way of life and work in the countryside, pottery in Prekmurje has almost died out today. With the gradual disappearance of this old trade we are also witnessing the disappearance of the related terminology. It is the purpose of this inventory of pottery terminology to prevent its falling into oblivion and at the same time provide a comparison of the terms used in different Slovene dialectal areas. In this way we can define the location of individual lexemes used as well as their semantic fields. The terms collected, which are primarily of Slovene origin, although some have also been borrowed in different time periods from Hungarian and from/through German as contact languages, are mostly known only by the oldest generation of speakers.
Design of Sudden Death Tests for Estimation of a Weibull Percentile
Authors: McCool John I. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Sudden Death Testing is a strategy for conducting life tests in which n specimens are divided into g groups each of size m (n=gm). Testing continues simultaneously on the specimens in each group until the first failure occurs in each. The testing thus results in g failures among the n specimens. It is shown how to determine the group size m so that the pth percentile of the Weibull distribution of life may be estimated with greater precision than in a conventional life test wherein n specimens are tested until the occurrence of the gth failure. Comparisons of the expected duration of the life tests in both cases are given for two combinations of g and m for four values of the Weibull shape parameter.
Synthesis of new photochromic compounds from the dimer of arylphenanthroimidazoles
Authors: Sakaino Yoshiko , Kakisawa Hiroshi , Kusumi Takenori 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTreatment of the dimer of 2‐arylphenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazoles with nucleophilic compounds such as alcohols, aliphatic amines, and carboxylic acids afforded 2‐substituted‐2H‐ and 4‐substituted‐4H‐2‐arylphenanthro[9,10‐d]isoimidazoles. These products showed a characteristic photochromism by dissociation to a stable imidazolyl radical.