bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oximes of Seven-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Two Heteroatoms
Authors: Ābele E. 
Published: July 2012

Oximes of Seven-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Two Heteroatoms
Literature data concerning the synthesis and structure of diazepane, oxazepane and thiazepane oximes were reviewed. Synthesis of novel heterocycles from the oximes of seven-membered heterocycles containing two heteroatoms was described. Biological activity of oximes of seven-membered heterocycles with two heteroatoms was also reviewed.
Decarboxylative Allylation of Ketone Enolates with Rh, Ir, and Mo
Authors: Dunn E. , Tunge J. 
Published: July 2012

Decarboxylative Allylation of Ketone Enolates with Rh, Ir, and MoA variety of catalysts were investigated for their ability to impart branched regioselectivity in decarboxylative allylation reactions. While catalysts based on Mo, Rh, and Ir were active catalysts, their regio-selectivities were low and the reactions required an equivalent of base for efficient coupling. Alternatively, a ruthenium-based catalyst was identi-fied that operates under neutral conditions and gives high branched selectivity in decarboxylative allylations.
Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Crop Water Productivity of the Rainfed Wheat for a Regional Scale Analysis
Authors: Nazarifar Mohammad , Kanani Mohammad , Momeni Rezvaneh 
Published: July 2012

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Crop Water Productivity of the Rainfed Wheat for a Regional Scale Analysis
Water productivity is a suitable indicator in water potential analysis at a location. Hence in this study, changes in water use and productivity are studied in spatial and temporal scale simultaneously. Temporal changes in water productivity in Hamedan region (Iran), was determined with Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). To estimate regional water productivity, GIS and Kassam method were coupled to estimate the potential yield of rainfed wheat. Thus, layers of radiation and temperature were created using geo-statistical subprogram in GIS environment and subsequently, potential yield for the entire area were determined. To determine actual evapotranspiration, the region was discrete into homogeneous areas using Thieson method in Arcinfo software, and potential evapotranspiration of the crops were calculated by Cropwat software. Using the method recommended by FAO, these values were converted to actual evapotranspiration. The map of spatial coverage of the water productivity was prepared for the whole region by overlapping the two layers: the potential yield and the actual evapotranspiration. Results of this study indicate that the combined analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics is advantageous. This can help in carrying an effective analysis and results in a broader knowledge of the indicators under consideration. Amount of water productivity in drought condition in comparison with the other two conditions was higher and from geographical point of view, the southern parts of the region have higher potential production when compared to other locations of the province. The analysis shows that the variation in amount of active radiation received by the earth surface is causing these differences.
Treatment of the Processing Wastewaters Containing Heavy Metals with the Method Based on Flotation
Authors: Żak Sławomir 
Published: July 2012

Treatment of the Processing Wastewaters Containing Heavy Metals with the Method Based on FlotationThe aim of the studies carried out at full technological scale was to indicate optimal systems of the two-stage precipitation and coagulation (PIX 113 - SAX 18, PAX XL1 - SAX 18, ALCAT 102 - lime milk and SAX 18 - PAX 16) in the process of eliminating heavy metals from wastewaters made in the processing plant producing sub-systems for domestic appliances. Precipitated pollutions were thickened by flocculation and separated by hydrogen peroxide enhanced pressure flotation. The experimental installation of maximal flow capacity: 10.0 m3/d consisted of: the storage-equalization tank, the processing pipe reactor, the pressure flotation station, and the reagent preparation and dosing station. Optimal doses of reagents and a flocculent as well as pressure and saturation time were defined for which maximal reductions in the load of heavy metals were achieved. The usefulness of hydrogen peroxide as a means of enhancing flotation was tested. The use of two-stage precipitation permitted the reduction in heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Sn, Zn), eg by applying ALCAT 102 - lime milk at the level exceeding 80%.
Genetic Transformation in White Jute Through Agrobacterium and Salinity Screening of Transgenic Plant
Authors: Amin MN , Khatun Asma , Bhuiyan MSR , Sayed MA , Khandker SR 
Published: July 2012

The experiment was conducted to establish an efficient and reproducible protocol for the plant regeneration and genetic transformation in white Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). The regeneration and transformation processes depend on optimum growth conditions, suitable explants and varieties. An attempt was made for Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in white jute varieties using gene construct conferring both salt and drought tolerance (CIPK and Gly-1) along with the marker genes. Interestingly the two varieties (CVL-1 and Tricap-1) showed the response of both callus induction and plant regeneration on a single formulation i.e. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IAA. Explants were dipped to liquid culture of bacteria for one minute and then transferred to co-cultivation media for 24 hours. Shoot regeneration from Agrobacterium infected cotyledon was found highest in variety CVL-1 (43%) than Tri cap (38%). After co-cultivation and selection histochemical GUS assay was performed in different varieties (vars. Tricap-1, CVE-3 & CVL-1). In the transformed explants, GUS reporter gene was expressed showing blue colour in the explants tissues. Among the varieties CVE-3 showed the highest expression blue colour in the explants tissues. Those transgenic plants are transferred to salt medium and soil for evaluation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11180 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 97-107, March 2012
Problems and Suggestions for Farmers Adoption of IPM Practices in Rice (Oryza sativa L) Cultivation
Authors: Rahman MM 
Published: July 2012

A study was carried out to determine the problems in IPM practices for rice cultivation faced by the farmers trained in IPM through Farmers Field School (FFS) and also to find out the important probable suggestions for overcoming those problems. Data were collected from 158 respondent farmers sampled randomly from 1050 FFS farmers of Godagari Upazila in Rajshahi district. Twenty important problems regarding IPM practices were identified by interviewing teachers, extension personnel, experts and the sampled FFS farmers. Twenty possible solutions/suggestions for overcoming the problems were also collected by using the same procedure. The importance of the problem and the suggestions was measured by using Important Problem Score Index (IPSI) and Important Solution Score Index (ISSI) technique, respectively. The five most important problems as reported by the farmers ranked in the following order: i) need for much more labour, ii) lack of proper training for farmers about IPM, iii) lack of farmers knowledge regarding IPM practices, iv) availability of insecticides and v) complexity of IPM practices. Similarly, the five most common suggestions were i) establishment of more IPM field school, ii) arrangement of farmers practical training, iii) introduction of IPM practices into the school/college academic course, iv) increase the farmers awareness on environment pollution and v) to ensure proper supervision of extension worker. IPM is environment-friendly pest management system but due to its complexity need more knowledge and training. So, it is needed to give more emphasis in educational and motivational programme for increasing IPM practices for the farmers by the implementing agencies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11183 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 121-128, March 2012
Profitability of BARI Released Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in Some Selected Locations of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque MA , Miah MA Monayem , Hossain S , Rahman MM 
Published: July 2012

Potato is one of the important food crops in Bangladesh. Its demand is increasing day by day. The Tuber Crop Research Centre (TCRC) of BARI released 40 HYV potato varieties and disseminated them in the farmers fields through different agencies. But most varieties were not adopted well by the farmers due to unknown reasons. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the level of adoption and profitability of BARI released potato variety at farm level. Data were collected from 150 randomly selected potato farmers from Munshigonj, Bogra and Comilla districts during January-February 2010. The results indicated that 48% potato areas were covered by Diamant variety, 16% by Cardinal, 22% by Granola, and the rest 14% areas were covered by Binella, Asterix, Provento, Felsina, Multa and Hira. The cost of BARI released potato cultivation was Tk 2, 10,629 and Tk 1, 84,135 per hectare on full cost and variable cost basis. The major share of total cost was for seed (42%) followed by fertilizer (21%) and human labour (14%). The average yield of potato was 26 t/ha with gross margin of Tk 1, 51,003 per hectare. The net return of potato cultivation was Tk 1, 24,509 per hectare. The benefit cost ratios were 1.59 and 1.82 on full cost and variable cost basis. Human labour, land preparation, seed, and irrigation had positive and significant effect on potato production. Nonavailability of HYV seed at proper time, lack of technical knowledge, high price of seed and fertilizer, infestation of insect and diseases, and lack of storage facilities were the major problems of potato production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11189 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 149-158, March 2012
Serum Zinc, Copper and Calcium Levels In Female Rheumatoid Arthritic Patients
Authors: Jelly Arifa Alam , Begum Shelina , Ferdousi Sultana 
Published: July 2012

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic multi-system autoimmune inflammatory disease, characterized by inflammatory synovitis involving symmetrical peripheral joints. Serum copper, zinc and calcium levels are altered in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Objective: To observe serum zinc, copper and calcium levels in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from January to December 2010. For this, 60 female patients with Rheumatoid arthritis aged 30-50 years were included in the study group. The patients were selected from outpatient Department of Rheumatology wing of medicine in Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). For comparison age and BMI matched 30 apparently healthy female were also studied. Serum calcium level was measured by Colorimetric method. Serum zinc and copper was measured by Spectrophotometric method. For statistical analysis, independent sample t test was performed by using SPSS for windows version-12.Results: In this study, serum zinc and calcium levels were significantly lower (p<0.001) and serum copper level was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the RA patients than those of control.Conclusion: This study may conclude that hypozincemia and hypocalcemia and hypercupremia occur in RA. Therefore early detection of these micronutrient abnormalities may be helpful for the physicians to prevent various complications in RA patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i1.11155 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2012, June; 7(1): 18-22
Secretory Leukocyte Proteinase Inhibitor-Competent DNA Deposits Are Potent Stimulators of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: Implication for Psoriasis
Authors: Skrzeczynska-Moncznik Joanna , Wlodarczyk Agnieszka , Zabieglo Katarzyna , Kapinska-Mrowiecka Monika , Marewicz Ewa , Dubin Adam , Potempa Jan , Cichy Joanna 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) is a well-established inhibitor of serine proteases such as human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and a NF-κB regulatory agent in immune cells. In this paper, we report that SLPI plays a previously uncharacterized role in regulating activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). As the main source of IFN type I (IFNI), pDCs are crucial contributors to inflammatory and likely wound-healing responses associated with psoriasis. The mechanisms responsible for activation of pDCs in psoriatic skin are therefore of substantial interest. We demonstrate that in lesional skin of psoriasis patients, SLPI together with its enzymatic target HNE and DNA, is a component of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Whereas SLPI+ neutrophils and NETs were found to colocalize with pDCs in psoriatic skin, a mixture of SLPI with neutrophil DNA and HNE induced a marked production of IFNI by pDCs. IFNI synthesis by stimulated pDCs was dependent on intracellular DNA receptor TLR9. Thus, SLPI may contribute to psoriasis by enabling pDCs to sense extracellular DNA and produce IFNI.
Loss of the Oxygen Sensor PHD3 Enhances the Innate Immune Response to Abdominal Sepsis
Authors: Kiss Judit , Mollenhauer Martin , Walmsley Sarah R. , Kirchberg Johanna , Radhakrishnan Praveen , Niemietz Thomas , Dudda Johanna , Steinert Gunnar , Whyte Moira K. B. , Carmeliet Peter , Mazzone Massimiliano , Weitz Jürgen , Schneider Martin 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Hypoxia and HIFs (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) modulate innate immune responses in the setting of systemic inflammatory responses and sepsis. The HIF prolyl hydroxylase enzymes PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 regulate the mammalian adaptive response to hypoxia; however, their significance in the innate immune response has not been elucidated. We demonstrate in this study that deficiency of PHD3 (PHD3−/−) specifically shortens the survival of mice subjected to various models of abdominal sepsis because of an overwhelming innate immune response, leading to premature organ dysfunction. By contrast, this phenotype was absent in mice deficient for PHD1 (PHD1−/−) or PHD2 (PHD2+/−). In vivo, plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines were enhanced, and recruitment of macrophages to internal organs was increased in septic PHD3-deficient mice. Reciprocal bone marrow transplantation in sublethally irradiated mice revealed that enhanced susceptibility of PHD3-deficient mice to sepsis-related lethality was specifically caused by loss of PHD3 in myeloid cells. Several in vitro assays revealed enhanced cytokine production, migration, phagocytic capacity, and proinflammatory activation of PHD3-deficient macrophages. Increased proinflammatory activity of PHD3-deficient macrophages occurred concomitantly with enhanced HIF-1α protein stabilization and increased NF-κB activity, and interference with the expression of HIF-1α or the canonical NF-κB pathway blunted their proinflammatory phenotype. It is concluded that impairment of PHD3 enzyme function aggravates the clinical course of abdominal sepsis via HIF-1α– and NF-κB–mediated enhancement of the innate immune response.
Convolution of Trace Class Operators over Locally Compact Quantum Groups
Authors: Hu Zhiguo , Neufang Matthias , Ruan Zhong-Jin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe study locally compact quantum groups 𝔾 through the convolution algebras L1(𝔾) and (T(L2(𝔾)); ⊳). We prove that the reduced quantum groupC*-algebraC0(𝔾) can be recovered fromthe convolution ⊳ by showing that the right T(L2(𝔾))-module 〈K(L2(𝔾)) ⊳ T(L2(𝔾))〉 is equal to C0(𝔾). On the other hand, we show that the left T(L2(𝔾)(-module 〈T(L2(𝔾)) ⊳ K(L2(𝔾))〉 is isomorphic to the reduced crossed product C0(Ĝ ) r⋉C0(𝔾), and hence is a much larger C*-subalgebra of B(L2(𝔾)).We establish a natural isomorphism between the completely bounded right multiplier algebras of L1(𝔾) and (T(L2(𝔾)); ⊳), and settle two invariance problems associated with the representation theorem of Junge–Neufang–Ruan (2009). We characterize regularity and discreteness of the quantum group 𝔾 in terms of continuity properties of the convolution . on T(L2(𝔾))⊳and settle two invariance problems associated with the representation theorem of Junge–Neufang–Ruan (2009). We characterize regularity and discreteness of the quantum group 𝔾 in terms of continuity properties of the convolution ⊳ on T(L2(𝔾)). We prove that if 𝔾 is semiregular, then the space 〈T(L2(𝔾)) ⊳ B(L2(𝔾))〉 of right 𝔾-continuous operators on L2(𝔾), which was introduced by Bekka (1990) for L1(𝔾), is a unital C*-subalgebra of B(L2(𝔾)). In the representation framework formulated by Neufang–Ruan–Spronk (2008) and Junge–Neufang–Ruan, we show that the dual properties of compactness and discreteness can be characterized simultaneously via automatic normality of quantum group bimodule maps on B(L2(𝔾)). We also characterize some commutation relations of completely bounded multipliers of (T(L2(𝔾)); ⊳) over B(L2(𝔾)).
Market-Driven Management, Competitive Space and Global Networks
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. 
Published: July 2012

Firms compete today in a situation of intense rivalry, in global markets that are subject to political, social and technological instability. As a result, no company can rely only on its own resources, knowledge and skills as it did in the past. Global managerial economics demands ramified, widespread and strongly interrelated organisations (networks). These complex structures favour managerial capabilities and outsourcing relations with co-makers and external partners (competitive alliances). The corporate culture therefore evolves into cross-cultural management, designed to overcome the physical limits of competition (marketspace management) and the local environment. In global markets, a network corporate culture makes it possible to create organisations with uniform structures, stimulated and checked by a system of communications networks (Internet; Intranet; Extranet), and it presupposes different levels of performance evaluation, which envisage an estimate of the strategic harmonisation (chairman leadership) and of operating armonisation (management leadership).
Market-Driven Management, Competitive Markets and Performance Metrics
Authors: Garbelli Maria Emilia 
Published: July 2012

Metrics are performance indicators used to indicate, measure or record values of a particular magnitude. Metrics, seen as overall indicators of corporate performance, are one of the fundamental tools used to monitor and orient corporate management. They can be classified by: financial–non-financial; quantitative–qualitative; accounting–nonaccounting; internal and external; process and end result. Metrics can serve a dual purpose: to provide elements for assessment, inside the company environment; to provide evaluation parameters outside the company.
From Brand Management to Global Business Management in Market-Driven Companies
Authors: Zito Emilio 
Published: July 2012

Over the past several years, the most competitive mass-market companies (automobile, high-tech, consumer and retail, etc.) have been experiencing a new strategic approach around the concept of Market-Driven strategy, as opposed to a pure marketing-focused approach known as Customer-Driven strategy. A fast-moving, mass-market global company would likely have a precise performance measurement system in place with broad performance indicators based on: project economics, ratios analysis (ROI, inventory turnover, etc.), risk management, shareholders’ value analysis, synergies forecasts (economies of scale, scope, learning, etc.), market share, customer and retailer satisfaction. Therefore, the management structure will be focused on brand and product global strategies involving a new type of operational manager: the global business manager.
Ouverture de ‘Marketing Channels and Global Markets’
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. , Musso Fabio 
Published: July 2012

An over-supply condition and the global markets favour a ‘widespread selectivity’ of consumption, and they require, on the one hand, new rules for competition between manufacturers, and on the other, they also stimulate new marketing channels strategies, as an economic and relational entity as a whole. From this point of view, it is important first analyse some key issues relating to marketing channels, and then focusing attention on certain aspects, such as innovation, the impact of technology on the consumer buying process and on his own buying habits, and finally the extension of the retailers offer to non-core services, particularly financial services.
Innovation in Marketing Channels
Authors: Musso Fabio 
Published: July 2012

In more recent years, the context of globalization in which market channel structures and strategies are developing is bringing to a more complex concept of marketing channels, with disintermediation or reintermediation, multichanneling and new roles/specializations that are emerging as new issues. In this context, innovation in marketing channels becomes a complex, multiorganizational, multidisciplinary activity that requires collaboration and interactions across various entities within the supply chain network. In recent years, the innovation processes in marketing channels have occurred with high intensity and speed, especially following the changes spurred by technology that allowed the adoption of more efficient organizational solutions.
Large Retailers’ Financial Services
Authors: Risso Mario 
Published: July 2012

Over the last few years, large retailers offering financial services have considerably grown in the financial services sector. Retailers are increasing the wideness and complexity of their offer of financial services. Large retail companies provide financial services to their customers following different strategic ways. The provision of financial services in the retailers offer is implemented in several different ways related to the strategies, the structures and the degree of financial know-how of the large retailers involved.