bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social capital and knowledge sharing: effects on patient safety
Authors: Chang Chia‐Wen , Huang Heng‐Chiang , Chiang Chi‐Yun , Hsu Chiu‐Ping , Chang Chia‐Chen 
Published: November 2011

chang c.‐w., huang h.‐c., chiang c.‐y., hsu c.‐p. & chang c.‐c. (2011) Social capital and knowledge sharing: effects on patient safety. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(6), 1793–1803.AbstractAims.  This article is a report on a study that empirically examines the influence of social capital on knowledge sharing and the impact of knowledge sharing on patient safety.Background.  Knowledge sharing is linked to many desirable managerial outcomes, including learning and problem‐solving, which are essential for patient safety. Rather than studying the tangible effects of rewards, this study examines whether social capital (including social interaction, trust and shared vision) directly supports individual knowledge sharing in an organization.Methods.  This cross‐sectional study analysed data collected through a questionnaire survey of nurses from a major medical centre in northern Taiwan. The data were collected over a 9‐month period from 2008 to 2009. The data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares Graph v3.0 program to evaluate the measurement properties and the structural relationships specified in the research model.Findings.  Based on a large‐scale survey, empirical results indicate that Registered Nurses’ perceptions of trust and shared vision have statistically significant and direct effects on knowledge sharing. In addition, knowledge sharing is significantly and positively associated with patient safety.Conclusion.  The findings suggest that hospital administrators should foster group trust and initiate a common vision among Registered Nurses. In addition, administrators and chief knowledge officers of hospitals should encourage positive intentions towards knowledge sharing.
Change and stasis in marine hybrid zones in response to climate warming
Authors: Hilbish Thomas J. , Lima Fernando P. , Brannock Pamela M. , Fly Elizabeth K. , Rognstad Rhiannon L. , Wethey David S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim We test the prediction that hybrid zones between warm‐ and cold‐adapted species will move towards the territory formerly occupied by the cold‐adapted species in response to a warming climate. We use multiple tests of this prediction to distinguish amongst potential mechanistic hypotheses of responses to climate change.Location We sampled 97 locations on the Atlantic coast of Spain and France and the English Channel that span three hybrid zones formed between two species of marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialisandM. edulis).Methods Mussels were sampled in 2005–07 and analysed at a nuclear gene (Glu‐5′) that is diagnostically differentiated between the subject species. Results were compared to those of studies made in the same region over the past two decades. Historical change in sea surface temperature (SST) was analysed using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Optimum Interpolation Daily SST. Species distribution models (random forest and maximum entropy) of the current distribution of mussels were constructed and validated by hindcasting the historical distributions of these species. Validated models were used in combination with forecasts of SST to predict changes in mussel distribution to 2050 and 2100.Results We show that over the past two decades two of the hybrid zones in France have not changed in either position or shape. The third hybrid zone, however, has shifted in the predicted direction,c. 100 km eastward into the warming English Channel. Species distribution modelling strongly implicates changes in winter cold SST as driving this change in the position of one of the hybrid zones. Forecasts of future SST indicate that rapid changes in distribution will occur over the next century.Main conclusions Hybrid zones can be used to conduct repeated tests of ecological responses to climate change and can be valuable in sorting among prospective mechanistic hypotheses that underlie that change. Winter temperatures, but not seasonal high temperature, appear to control the distribution of both species. Species distribution modelling indicates that the collapse of these hybrid zones is imminent, with the rapid expansion of the subtropical species in response to continuing SST warming.
Cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Brazilian–Portuguese version of the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale
Authors: Pelegrino Flávia M , Dantas Rosana AS , Corbi Inaiara SA , da Silva Carvalho Ariana R , Schmidt André , Filho Antônio Pazin 
Published: November 2011

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal reliability and validity of the Brazilian–Portuguese version of Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS) among cardiovascular patients.Background. Oral anticoagulation is widely used to prevent and treat thromboembolic events in several conditions, especially in cardiovascular diseases; however, this therapy can induce dissatisfaction and reduce the quality of life.Design. Methodological and cross‐sectional research design.Methods. The cultural adaptation of the DASS included the translation and back‐translation, discussions with healthcare professionals and patients to ensure conceptual equivalence, semantic evaluation and instrument pretest. The Brazilian–Portuguese version of the DASS was tested among subjects followed in a university hospital anticoagulation outpatient clinic. The psychometric properties were assessed by construct validity (convergent, known groups and dimensionality) and internal consistency/reliability (Cronbach’s alpha).Results. A total of 180 subjects under oral anticoagulation formed the baseline validation population. DASS total score and SF‐36 domain correlations were moderate for General health (r = −0·47,p < 0·01), Vitality (r = −0·44,p < 0·01) and Mental health (r = −0·42,p < 0·01) (convergent). Age and length on oral anticoagulation therapy (in years) were weakly correlated with total DASS score and most of the subscales, except Limitation (r = −0·375,p < 0·01) (Known groups). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0·79 for the total scale, and it ranged from 0·76 (hassles and burdens)–0·46 (psychological impact) among the domains, confirming the internal consistency reliability.Conclusions. The Brazilian–Portuguese version of the DASS has shown levels of reliability and validity comparable with the original English version.Relevance to clinical practice. Healthcare practitioners and researchers need internationally validated measurement tools to compare outcomes of interventions in clinical management and research tools in oral anticoagulation therapy.
Functional rather than immunoreactive levels of IgG4 correlate closely with clinical response to grass pollen immunotherapy
Authors: Shamji M. H. , Ljørring C. , Francis J. N. , A Calderon M. , Larché M. , Kimber I. , Frew A. J. , Ipsen H. , Lund K. , Würtzen P. A. , Durham S. R. 
Published: November 2011

To cite this article: Shamji MH, Ljørring C, Francis JN, Calderon MA, Larché M, Kimber I, Frew AJ, Ipsen H, Lund K, Würtzen PA, Durham SR. Functional rather than immunoreactive levels of IgG4 correlate closely with clinical response to grass pollen immunotherapy. Allergy 2012; 67: 217–226.Abstract
Background:  Induction of allergen‐specific IgG4 antibodies is the most consistent immunological finding in immunotherapy trials. However, quantitative assessments of IgG4 antibodies have not proven beneficial in evaluating clinical changes during or after immunotherapy. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between clinical outcome and allergen‐specific IgG4 titres or functional antibody responses following immunotherapy. We hypothesized that functional assays of serum IgG–associated inhibitory activity such as inhibition of IgE–allergen interactions (IgE‐blocking factor) and inhibition of CD23‐dependent IgE‐facilitated allergen binding (IgE‐FAB) correlate more closely with clinical outcome and may be biomarkers of clinical response.
Methods:  In an 8‐month dose–response randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study, 221 polysensitized subjects with severe seasonal rhinitis received Alutard SQ, Phleum pratense 100 000 SQ‐U, 10 000 SQ‐U or placebo injections. Serum specimens were collected before treatment, after up‐dosing, during the peak season and at the end of the study. Allergen‐specific IgG4 titres and IgG‐associated inhibitory activity were evaluated.
Results:  A time‐ and dose‐dependent increase in serum inhibitory activity for both the IgE‐blocking factor and IgE‐FAB was observed, which paralleled increases in grass pollen–specific IgG4 antibodies. A modest but significant inverse relationship was demonstrated between postimmunotherapy serum inhibitory activity and combined symptom–rescue medication scores (IgE‐FAB: r = −0.25, P = 0.0002; IgE‐blocking factor: r = −0.28, P < 0.0001), whereas this was not observed for immunoreactive IgG4 levels (r = −0.11, P = 0.12).
Conclusions:  Functional assays of inhibitory IgG4 and IgE‐blocking factor may be more useful surrogates of clinical response than IgG4. Whether these antibody effects may serve as predictive biomarkers of clinical efficacy in individual patients requires further investigation.
Relationships among beech bark disease, climate, radial growth response and mortality of American beech in northern Maine, USA
Authors: Kasson M. T. , Livingston W. H. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA majority of beech forests across Maine first experienced beech bark disease (BBD) from 1935 to 1960 when sap feeding by an introduced beech scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga, allowed lethal fungal infections primarily by Neonectria ditissima and/or Neonectria faginata. Beech stands along the Maine–Quebec border in northern Maine were excluded from this initial killing phase presumably due to cold winter temperatures that inhibited scale survival. However, a sharp increase in beech mortality after 2002 occurred in previously uninfected border stands and stands long affected by BBD. Beech mortality averaged 50% across northern Maine during 2003–2006. To identify plausible stresses that could explain the mortality, a dendropathological study was conducted from 2005 to 2006 in northern Maine that quantified temporal and spatial relationships between possible stressors with beech mortality and growth decline. Nineteen sets of high‐ and low‐mortality plots were located randomly across four bioregions. Increment cores were taken from both beech trees (n = 565) and associated tree species (n = 450). A growth change index of increments was used to evaluate beech responses to biotic and climatic stresses. A prolonged period of relatively mild winters without temperatures lethal to scale insect (<−34°C) from 2000 to 2004 coupled with low August–October precipitation from 2000 to 2003 may have provided ideal conditions initiating a widespread scale epidemic. A major drought period from 1999 to 2002 coincided with growth decline and a significant increase in beech mortality across all regions included in this study. Neonectria was found infecting weakened trees across the region. Drought, beech scale and Neonectria are plausible explanations for the episode of high beech mortality in northern Maine. This is the first report of a major killing phase of beech within the BBD ‘aftermath’ forests.
The Institutional Context of an ‘Empirical Law’: The Wage Curve under Different Regimes of Collective Bargaining
Authors: Blien Uwe , Dauth Wolfgang , Schank Thorsten , Schnabel Claus 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe wage curve postulates that the wage level is a decreasing function of the regional unemployment rate. In testing this hypothesis, most studies have not taken into account that differences in the institutional framework may have an impact on the existence (or the slope) of a wage curve. Using a large‐scale linked employer–employee dataset for Western Germany, this article provides a first direct test of the relevance of different bargaining regimes (and of works councils) for the existence of a wage curve. In pooled regressions for the period 1998 to 2006, as well as in worker‐level or plant‐level fixed‐effects estimations, we obtain evidence for a wage curve for plants with a collective bargaining agreement at firm level. The point estimates for this group of plants are close to the −0.1 elasticity of wages with respect to unemployment postulated by Blanchflower and Oswald. In this regime, we also find that works councils dampen the adjustment of wages to the regional unemployment situation. In the other regimes of plants that either do not make use of collective contracts or apply sectoral agreements, we do not find a wage curve.
FDI Policies in China and India: Evidence from Firm Surveys
Authors: Huang Yasheng , Tang Heiwai 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper builds on the idea that economic reforms in China were designed to attract foreign direct investment (FDI), while the opposite happened in India. We empirically examine how these different reform approaches affect foreign‐invested enterprises’ (FIE) and domestic firms’ perceptions about the host country’s business environment. Using World Bank survey data, we find that FIEs in India perceive more obstacles to business operations and development relative to domestic firms, especially on issues related to government regulations and legal institutions. On the contrary, FIEs in China find government officials more helpful in promoting business development and perceive legal and financial constraints similar to their domestic counterparts. These differences in perceptions between firm ownership types are consistent with the underlying diverging approaches of FDI policies adopted by the two largest developing nations.
Facilitators and Barriers of Independent Decisions by Midwives During Labor and Birth
Authors: Everly Marcee C. 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that affect labor management decisions of midwives in hospitals and freestanding birth centers.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using one‐on‐one tape recorded interviews of midwives who had experience managing labor and birth in both hospitals and freestanding birth centers. Ten interviews consisting of several open‐ended questions were conducted, coded, and analyzed in a stepwise fashion to identify codes, categories, and themes. Seven participants reviewed the final framework and confirmed credibility and trustworthiness.Results: Four overall themes were identified: trust birth, the woman, the environment, and the labor team.Discussion: When making labor management decisions, midwives are affected by their trust in birth, the woman, the health care team, and the birth environment. Midwives report more resistance when making labor management decisions in hospitals. The findings of this study provide insight into both the decision making of midwives and how factors in different environments, in this case hospitals and freestanding birth centers, influence the ability of midwives to make independent labor management decisions.
Evaluation of a Student‐Nurse Doula Program: An Analysis of Doula Interventions and Their Impact on Labor Analgesia and Cesarean Birth
Authors: Paterno Mary T. , Van Zandt Shirley E. , Murphy Jeanne , Jordan Elizabeth T. 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe specific doula interventions, explore differences in doula interventions by attending provider (certified nurse‐midwife vs obstetrician), and examine associations between doula interventions, labor analgesia, and cesarean birth in women receiving doula care from student nurses.Methods: A secondary analysis of data from the Birth Companions Program at the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing was conducted using t tests, chi‐square statistics, and logistic regression models.Results: In the 648 births in the sample, doulas used approximately 1 more intervention per labor with certified nurse‐midwife clients compared to obstetrician clients. In multivariate analysis, the increase in the total number of interventions provided by doulas was associated with decreased odds of epidural (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86‐0.98) and cesarean birth (AOR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85‐0.95). When examined separately, a greater number of physical interventions was associated with decreased odds of epidural (AOR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78‐0.92) and cesarean birth (AOR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73‐0.88), but number of emotional/informational interventions was not.Discussion: Student nurses trained as doulas have the opportunity to provide a variety of interventions for laboring clients. An increase in the number of interventions, especially physical interventions, provided by doulas may decrease the likelihood of epidural use and cesarean birth.
Maternal pre‐pregnant body mass index, maternal weight change and offspring birthweight
Authors: STAMNES KOEPP UNNI METTE , FROST ANDERSEN LENE , DAHL‐JOERGENSEN KNUT , STIGUM HEIN , NASS OYVIND , NYSTAD WENCHE 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective. To estimate the association between maternal pre‐pregnant body mass index (BMI) and maternal weight change during pregnancy and offspring birthweight using the BMI classification developed by World Health Organization (WHO) and adopted by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 2009. Design. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) is a population‐based pregnancy cohort study conducted by The Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Setting. Women were recruited from all geographic areas of Norway. Population. The study includes 58 383 pregnant women. Methods. Women were enrolled in 2000–2007 by a postal invitation offered to women in Norway at 17–18 weeks of gestation. Linear regression analyses are based on exposure data from two questionnaires during pregnancy and on birthweight data. Main outcome measures. Birthweight. Results. Mean pre‐pregnancy BMI was 24kg/m2 (SD 4.3), mean maternal weight change in the first 30 weeks of gestation was 9.3kg (SD 4.4), mean birthweight was 3675g (SD 487) and mean age 30.3 years. Of the women, 65.2% had a normal pre‐pregnancy weight, 2.9% were underweight, 22.3% overweight, and 9.5% obese (Classes 1–3). Linear regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders showed that offspring birthweight increased with increasing maternal pre‐pregnant BMI, and with increasing maternal weight gain during pregnancy in all six categories of pre‐pregnancy BMI. Women with the highest level of education had the highest offspring birthweight. Conclusion. Offspring birthweight increased with both increasing maternal pre‐pregnant BMI and maternal weight gain during pregnancy in all six categories of maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI.
CCR5 blockade is well tolerated and induces changes in the tissue distribution of CCR5+ and CD25+ T cells in healthy, SIV‐uninfected rhesus macaques
Authors: Taaffe Jessica E. , Bosinger Steven E. , Del Prete Gregory Q. , Else James G. , Ratcliffe Sarah , Ward Christopher D. , Migone Thi , Paiardini Mirko , Silvestri Guido 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  CCR5 is a main co‐receptor for HIV, but also homes lymphocytes to sites of inflammation. We hypothesized that inhibition of CCR5 signaling would reduce HIV‐associated chronic immune activation.Methods  To test this hypothesis, we administered an antagonistic anti‐CCR5 monoclonal antibody (HGS101) to five uninfected rhesus macaques (RMs) and monitored lymphocyte dynamics in blood and tissue.Results  CCR5 blockade resulted in decreased levels of CCR5+ T cells in blood and, at later timepoints, in lymph nodes. Additionally, the levels of CD25+ T cells increased in lymph nodes, but decreased in blood, bone marrow, and rectal mucosa. Finally, a profile of gene expression from HGS101‐treated RMs revealed a subtle, but consistent, in vivo signature of CCR5 blockade that suggests a mild immune‐modulatory effect.Conclusions  Treatment with anti‐CCR5 antibody induces changes in the tissue distribution of CCR5+ and CD25+ T cells that may impact on the overall levels of immune activation during HIV and SIV infection.
Altered redox homeostasis in human diabetes saliva
Authors: Su Haixiang , Velly Ana M. , Salah Mohammad H. , Benarroch Michael , Trifiro Mark , Schipper Hyman M. , Gornitsky Mervyn 
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 235–241Background:  Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Levels of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), 8‐epi‐prostaglandin‐F2α (8‐epi‐PGF2α), and total protein carbonyls were measured to assess whether DM is associated with altered salivary redox homeostasis.Methods:  A total of 215 patients with diabetes and 481 healthy controls were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology at the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal. Levels of oxidative biomarkers were assayed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in whole unstimulated saliva. Associations of the redox data with exposure to insulin, metformin and dietary control were assessed by logistic regression analyses.Results:  We observed (i) significantly higher mean levels of 8‐OHdG and protein carbonyls in whole unstimulated saliva of patients with diabetes compared to controls, (ii) higher mean levels of protein carbonyls in type 1 diabetes as well as higher mean levels of 8‐OHdG and protein carbonyls in type 2 diabetes compared to controls, (iii) elevated levels of protein carbonyls in diet‐controlled patients and in patients with diabetes on insulin and metformin, (iv) elevated levels of 8‐OHdG in patients on metformin, and (v) significant associations between subjects with DM and salivary 8‐OHdG and protein carbonyls.Conclusion:  DM is associated with increased oxidative modification of salivary DNA and proteins. Salivary redox homeostasis is perturbed in DM and may inform on the presence of the disease and efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
Differential expression of canonical and non‐canonical Wnt ligands in ameloblastoma
Authors: Siar Chong Huat , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Han Phuu Pwint , Buery Rosario Rivera , Tsujigiwa Hidetsugu , Nakano Keisuke , Ng Kok Han , Kawakami Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 332–339Background:  Canonical and non‐canonical Wnt signaling pathways modulate diverse cellular processes during embryogenesis and post‐natally. Their deregulations have been implicated in cancer development and progression. Wnt signaling is essential for odontogenesis. The ameloblastoma is an odontogenic epithelial neoplasm of enamel organ origin. Altered expressions of Wnts‐1, ‐2, ‐5a, and ‐10a are detected in this tumor. The activity of other Wnt members remains unclarified.Materials and Methods:  Canonical (Wnts‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐8a, ‐8b, ‐10a, and ‐10b), non‐canonical (Wnts‐4, ‐5a, ‐5b, ‐6, 7a, ‐7b, and ‐11), and indeterminate groups (Wnts‐2b and ‐9b) were examined immunohistochemically in 72 cases of ameloblastoma (19 unicystic [UA], 35 solid/multicystic [SMA], eight desmoplastic [DA], and 10 recurrent [RA]).Results:  Canonical Wnt proteins (except Wnt‐10b) were heterogeneously expressed in ameloblastoma. Their distribution patterns were distinctive with some overlap. Protein localization was mainly membranous and/or cytoplasmic. Overexpression of Wnt‐1 in most subsets (UA = 19/19; SMA = 35/35; DA = 5/8; RA = 7/10) (P < 0.05), Wnt‐3 in granular cell variant (n = 3/3), and Wnt‐8b in DA (n = 8/8) was key observations. Wnts‐8a and ‐10a demonstrated enhanced expression in tumoral buddings and acanthomatous areas. Non‐canonical and indeterminate Wnts were absent except for limited Wnt‐7b immunoreactivity in UA (n = 1/19) and SMA (n = 1/35). Stromal components expressed variable Wnt positivity.Conclusion:  Differential expression of Wnt ligands in different ameloblastoma subtypes suggests that the canonical and non‐canonical Wnt pathways are selectively activated or repressed depending on the tumor cell differentiation status. Canonical Wnt pathway is most likely the main transduction pathway while Wnt‐1 might be the key signaling molecule involved in ameloblastoma tumorigenesis.