bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root canal therapy used in conjunction with follow‐ups for the nonsurgical handling of an enormous periapical lesion of endodontic origin: Clinical case record
Authors: Rao Nitin R. , Mujeeb Abdul , Kottur Aishwarya A. , Mathur Ankita , Snigdha Niher Tabassum Siddiqua , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe main objective of root canal therapy is to locate all the canals, cleaning, and shaping, and obturation to obtain fluid tight seal and to heal the periapical lesion if present.AbstractThe proper cleaning, shaping, and disinfection of the pulp chambers, as well as the filling of the canals, are critical to the efficacy of treatment with root canals. The success of an endodontically treated tooth is dependent on the accuracy of the diagnosis, disinfection, cleaning and shaping, obturation, and finally, the prosthetic rehabilitation management. Root canal therapy should provide a hermatic as well as fluid impenetrable seal which prevents the progression of periapical infection. There are two ways to treat such lesions: surgical and nonsurgical methods. If the root canal is cleaned, shaped, and sealed properly and adequately without the use of a surgical procedure, these lesions will recover during nonsurgical root canal therapy. This case series focuses primarily on the nonsurgical treatment of an enormous periapical lesion and provides evidence that these lesions respond well without surgery.
Accurate Control on the Nucleophilic Addition of H2O to Internal Alkynes: An Ag catalyzed Regiospecific Hydration Strategy
Authors: Wang Shiyang , Xia Zongxiang , Sheng Jie , Cui Jiaxue , Yao Tong , Liu Yu , Liu Chunhui , Liu Zuyong , Tao Jie , Wu Yuanqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the absence of directing auxiliaries, catalytic addition of nucleophiles to unactivated alkynes with accurate control of regioselectivity remains an ongoing challenge in organic chemistry. Herein, we realized a Ag‐catalysed regiospecific hydration process of unactivated alkynes. Computational investigations offered insights into the origin of the regiochemical outcome. The practicability and efficacy of the protocol was exemplified by its simple reaction conditions without incorporation of acidic additives, as well as the tolerance of a wide range of alkynes equipped with various functional groups, leading to the ketone products in up to 98 % yield. Direct modification of bioactive organic molecules and gram‐scale experiments further showcased the application potential of the strategy. The catalyst control principles are expected to advance efforts towards the development of general site‐selective addition of nucleophile to unsaturated substrates, removing the requirement for neighboring activating groups.
Insight into the Better Collaboration of NiO and MnOx in NiMn2O4 Spinel for Enhanced the Catalytic Oxidation Performance of Toluene
Authors: Zhang Haohong , Xin Yaqin , Deng Yang , An Xia , Liu Xuezhen , Wu Xu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNiMn oxides with different ratios (NixMnyOz) as well as spinel‐type NiMn2O4 oxides were synthesized and utilized in the catalytic oxidation of toluene. The results indicate that NiMn2Ox synthesized by the oxygen‐only roasting method exhibits superior catalytic activity due to the appropriate metal valence distribution. The catalytic activity is strongly related with the crystalline phase structures, NiMn2O4 spinel oxides catalyst shows the best low‐temperature performance with 90 % conversion (T90) at 230 °C. Characterization results reveal that the superb catalytic performance of NiMn2O4 spinel oxide is mainly profit by the larger surface area, more abundant surface fugacious oxygen, stronger toluene adsorption capacity than that of the other NixMnyOz catalysts, which in favor of the speedy conversion of benzoic acid, improving the toluene catalytic performance. This finding provides a novel design strategy of NiMn composite oxides for synthesis of high‐efficiency performance toluene catalysts.
Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species on MIL‐100(Fe)/TiO2 Driven by Mild Natural Light
Authors: Yu Chengzhuo , Xu Jin , Wang Yarui , Wang Silong , Xiong Li , Geng Fanglan , Shang Zesen , Wu Huasheng , Lv Jitao , Zhao Lixia , Wang Yawei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS), as one kind of the most highly oxidizing oxidants, are difficult to generate and utilize in the natural light conditions, since many materials require external strong stimuli for ROS release to be effective as pollutant degradation or biocide. In this work, we surprisingly found the ROS generation on MIL‐100(Fe)/TiO2 driven by mild natural light. Then ROS generation patterns and mechanism was revealed by chemiluminescence (CL) and density functional theory (DFT). Meanwhile, rhodamine B (RhB) can also be removed by MIL‐100(Fe)/TiO2 under natural light, which further evidence the ROS generation under the natural light. This work provides a new direction for spontaneously generating ROS releasing without external strong stimuli and has the broad potential applications in the field of pollutant degradation or antimicrobials under natural conditions.
LDHs and their Derivatives for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Systems: Design, Insights and Applications
Authors: Liu Jianyi , Zheng Kaitian , Hua Yingxi , Peng Lipei , Meng Xiangjun , Zhang Chi , Su Rui , Tao Xinyue , Hu Hongzhou , Guo Yugao , Xu Chunjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage and conversion systems (EESCSs), including batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and water electrolysis technologies, enabling the direct conversion between chemical and electrical energies. They are key to the flexible storage and utilization of renewable energy and play an important role in future energy technologies. The physical and chemical properties of electrode materials significantly influence the performance of EESCSs, necessitating the development of materials with both high cost‐effectiveness and superior electrochemical storage and catalytic capabilities. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), due to their unique properties as high surface area, evenly distributed active sites, and tunable compositions, makes themselves and the derivatives have become focal points in the EESCSs. This review summarizes recent advances of LDH and their derivates for diverse EESCSs applications, aims to elucidate the modification strategies of LDH materials and provide valuable insights for exploring LDH‐derived materials in various electrochemical devices, offering interdisciplinary perspectives for the rational design of LDH‐based materials.
Silver‐Catalyzed Olefination of Aryl Aldehydes Using Propiolates
Authors: Manwar Rina Raju , Balamurugan Rengarajan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOlefination of aldehydes is one of the fundamental reactions in organic synthesis. The commonly used Wittig olefination reaction however uses stoichiometric quantities reagents under basic conditions resulting in stoichiometric amounts of byproducts. Known catalytic alternate to the Wittig reaction requires stoichiometric amounts of silane reducing agents and high temperature. Herein, we report a base‐free olefination of aryl aldehydes using propiolates as a surrogate for the Witting reagent under silver catalysis. Trimethyl orthoformate, in the presence of a silver catalyst adds to the alkynoate to form the nucleophilic silver allenolate which reacts with the reactive oxocarbenium ion formed from aldehyde under the reaction conditions. Subsequently, decarbonylation occurs to form the olefin. Trans olefin is formed exclusively from simple aryl aldehydes and cinnamaldehydes. Such a silver allenolate is conceptually novel and has not been explored so far.
Novel methodology to couple decline curve analysis with CFD reservoir simulations for complex shale gas reservoirs
Authors: Khadri Syed Oubee , Al‐Marri Mohammed J. , Nasser Mustafa , Sadooni Fadhil , Shirif Ezeddin , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractShale reservoirs are highly complex and are difficult to study using conventional reservoir simulation tools. This study introduces a novel methodology for estimating production from complex shale gas reservoirs by coupling decline curve analysis (DCA) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The proposed method uses exponential DCA to analyze production data from a dual porosity–permeability shale gas transport model. These complexities include fracture characteristics, geomechanical properties, nanopore confinement effects, and multiple flow mechanisms contributing to the total production performance. The shale gas transport model is validated through historical production data from Marcellus shale. The new methodology also tests fracture characteristics. It shows that increased porosity and permeability will increase the recoverable reserves but will have varying effects on the decline rate. The paper demonstrates the advantages of the proposed methodology over conventional reservoir simulation tools. It provides insights into the factors affecting shale gas production performance through the inclusion of the complexities of an unconventional shale gas reservoir. The paper provides a proof of concept on the particular reservoir of which the field data is provided—Barnett and Marcellus Shale.
QSKCG: Quantum‐based secure key communication and key generation scheme for outsourced data in cloud
Authors: Adouth Vamshi , Rajagopal Eswari 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the era of digital proliferation, individuals opt for cloud servers to store their data due to the diverse advantages they offer. However, entrusting data to cloud servers relinquishes users' control, potentially compromising data confidentiality and integrity. Traditional auditing methods designed to ensure data integrity in cloud servers typically depend on Trusted Third Party Auditors. Yet, many of these existing auditing approaches grapple with intricate certificate management and key escrow issues. Furthermore, the imminent threat of powerful quantum computers poses a risk of swiftly compromising these methods in polynomial time. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a Quantum‐based Secure Key Communication and Key Generation Scheme QSKCG for Outsourced Data in the Cloud. Leveraging Elliptic Curve Cryptography, the BB84 secure communication protocol, certificateless signature, and blockchain network, the proposed scheme is demonstrated through security analysis, affirming its robustness and high efficiency. Additionally, performance analysis underscores the practicality of the proposed scheme in achieving post‐quantum security in cloud storage.
Fuzzy logic‐based computation offloading technique in fog computing
Authors: Soni Dinesh , Kumar Neetesh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe fog computing environment expands the capabilities of cloud computing by moving computing, storage, and networking services closer to IoT devices. These resource‐constrained IoT devices often face challenges like high task failure rates and extended execution latency due to data traffic congestion. Distributing IoT services through task offloading across different layers of computing paradigms enhances QoS (Quality of Service) parameters. This endeavor aims to allocate custom workflow‐based real‐time tasks or jobs for processing across various cloud/fog/edge layers, optimizing QoS factors like makespan, energy consumption, and cost. In the fog computing environment, challenges arise due to uncertainties related to job execution locations and the ability to predict future user requirements. Fuzzy logic offers low‐complexity solutions for handling unpredictable and rapidly changing conditions. This paper proposes a hybrid fog‐cloud‐based computing architecture and an intelligent fuzzy logic‐based computation offloading approach. This approach effectively allocates workloads among edge, fog, and cloud layers, resulting in improvements in makespan time (7.51%), energy consumption (4.63%), and cost (13.60%). The proposed method selects suitable processing units or compute nodes for job execution, utilizing heterogeneous resources. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methodology outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
GPU parallel processing to enable extensive criticality analysis in state estimation
Authors: Nishio Ayres , Do Coutto Filho Milton B. , Stachinni de Souza Julio C. , Clua Esteban W. G. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryPower system monitoring relies on the reliability of state estimation (SE) results. SE plays a dominant role in data debugging if sufficient data is available. Criticality analysis (CA) integrates SE as a module in which measurements—taken one‐by‐one or in groups (tuples) of minimal cardinality—are designated crucial. The combinatorial nature of extensive CA (not restricted to identifying low‐cardinality critical tuples) characterizes its computational complexity and imposes challenging limits to go beyond. In simple terms, these limits are established by the number of measurements to be combined, the cardinality of tuples, and the computing time required to check the criticality condition. This paper proposes an innovative computational solution to expand CA limits found to date in the literature. A framework with multi‐threads designed cleverly on a graphics processing unit (GPU) parallel processing environment is built. The conceived architecture favors evaluating massive measurement combinations of diverse cardinality in extensive CA. Numerical results reveal significant speed‐ups with the proposed approach, contrasting with those reported in research efforts published so far.
Mesoporous Metal Sponges Produced by Explosive Decomposition
Authors: Cortie Michael B. , Supansomboon Supitcha , Dowd Annette , Arnold Matthew D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe formation of mesoporous gold sponges by explosive decomposition of ‘knallgold’ (also known as ‘fulminating’ gold) is studied. Proof‐of‐principle experiments are conducted and then the phenomena are further investigated using ‘toy physics’ molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations invoked various ratios of a volatile Lennard–Jones element G and a noble metal element N. In both experiment and simulation the morphology of the resulting sponge is found to depend on the stoichiometry of the starting material. As the mole fraction of G (χG) is increased from 0.5 to close to 1.0 in the simulations, the morphology of the sponges changes from closed to open, with a corresponding increase in the average mean curvature from 0 to +0.12 inverse Lennard–Jones length (L) units. The average Gaussian curvature of the simulated sponges is always negative, with the minimum value of 0.05 L−2 being found for χG≈0.65. In broad agreement with experiment, sponge formation in the simulations is bounded by stoichiometry; no sponges form if χG is <0.52, for χG between 0.52 and 0.70 the sponge is characterized by vermicular cavities whereas classic bicontinuous fibrous sponges form for 0.70<χG<0.85 and, finally, discrete particles result if χG>0.85.
Spotlight on Zinc: Exploring the Visible Light Responsiveness of Zinc Complexes
Authors: Wada Yoshimasa , Sunada Yusuke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGroup 12 element zinc(II)‐based d10 complexes have long been known for their inherent colorlessness, which has limited their applications in visible light‐driven photophysical and photochemical applications, despite the attractiveness of inexpensive and low‐toxicity zinc metal. Based on precedents with nickel(0) and copper(I) complexes, which also adopt the d10 electronic configuration, achieving a visible light response from zinc(II) complexes seems feasible; however, investigations and proactive design strategies specifically tailored to zinc remain lacking. In this context, the present invited concept paper highlights zinc‘s potential for visible light responsiveness and evaluates how molecular designs can achieve this capability. After delineating the differences between zinc and other d10 metal centers, we review recent developments in zinc complexes that exhibit visible light absorption and compare these complexes with previously reported colorless complexes to identify key distinctions. This study provides critical insights into the molecular design guidelines that are pivotal for harnessing the emerging potential of zinc for visible light responses.
Critical Factors Affecting the Selective Transformation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 3‐Hydroxymethylcyclopentanone Over Ni Catalysts
Authors: Morales María V. , Conesa José M. , Campos‐Castellanos Eduardo , Guerrero‐Ruiz Antonio , Rodríguez‐Ramos Inmaculada 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ring‐rearrangement of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 3‐hydroxymethylcyclopentanone (HCPN) was investigated over Ni catalysts supported on different carbon supports and metallic oxides with different structure and acid‐base properties. Their catalytic performance was tested in a batch stirred reactor in aqueous solution at 180 °C and 30 bar of H2. Under these conditions, the HMF hydrogenation proceeds through three possible competitive routes: (i) a non‐water path leading to the total hydrogenation product, 2,5‐di‐hydroxymethyl‐tetrahydrofuran (DHMTHF), and two parallel acid‐catalyzed water‐mediated routes responsible for (ii) ring‐opening and (iii) ring‐rearrangement reaction products. All catalyst systems primarily produced HCPN, but reaction rates and product distribution were influenced by several variables, some of them intensely analyzed in this work. The most proper conditions resulted to be the presence of the medium/strong Lewis's acidity of a Ni/ZrO2 catalyst (initial TOF=5.99 min−1 and 73 % HCPN selectivity) or the Brønsted acidity originated by an oxidized high surface area graphite, Ni/HSAG‐ox (initial TOF=5.92 min−1 and 87 % HCPN selectivity). However, too high density of acidic sites on the catalyst support (Ni/Al2O3) and sulfur impurities from the HMF feedstock led to catalyst deactivation by coke deposition and Ni poisoning, respectively.
Hydrogen Electrode Reactions in Energy‐Related Electrocatalysis Systems
Authors: Du Shiqian , Zhou Yangyang , Tao Li , Wang Shuangyin , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogen electrode reactions, including hydrogen evolution reactions and hydrogen oxidation reactions, are fundamental and crucial within aqueous electrochemistry. Particularly in energy‐related electrocatalysis processes, there is a consistent involvement of hydrogen‐related electrochemical processes, underscoring the need for in‐depth study. This review encompasses significant reports, delving into elementary steps and reaction mechanisms of hydrogen electrode reactions, as well as catalyst design strategies. In addition, we focus on the application of hydrogen electrode reaction mechanism in different energy‐related electrocatalytic reactions, and the significance of the promotion and suppression of reaction kinetics in different reaction systems. It thoroughly elucidated the significance of these reactions and the need for a deeper understanding, offering a novel perspective for the future development of this field.
High‐gain dual‐wideband ±45° dual polarization (DWDP) antenna for indoor distributed antenna system (IDAS) applications
Authors: Hsu Heng‐Tung , Tsao Yi‐Fan , Desai Arpan 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis paper presents two different configurations of ±45° dual‐wideband dual‐polarized (DWDP) antennas. The antenna comprises eight end‐loaded broadband dipoles grouped into two sets based on the bands of operation. The high‐frequency dipoles are strategically placed within the low‐frequency ones to form the elementary unit. Further optimization has been performed on the elementary unit in terms of the radiator placement to suppress sidelobe levels for array formation. Both configurations are meticulously fabricated using an all‐metal structure, demonstrating durability and the simplicity of fabrication. The antenna designs achieve ±45° polarization, high gain, satisfactory cross‐polarization discrimination (XPD), and wide impedance bandwidth covering 0.67–1.04 GHz and 1.54–3 GHz bands. Despite the nested configuration, mutual coupling is well within acceptable limits. Formation of the array based on the optimum elementary unit has been investigated by simulation, revealing reasonable gain enhancement and low sidelobe levels across all bands. This comprehensive approach yields a robust, high‐performing antenna configuration suitable for indoor distributed antenna system (IDAS) applications.
Modeling climate influences on male survival in the highly polygynous southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina)
Authors: Volzke Sophia , Cleeland Jaimie B. , McMahon Clive R. , Hindell Mark A. , Corney Stuart P. , Wotherspoon Simon J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Southern Ocean, its ecosystem, and inhabitants are vulnerable to climate‐mediated shifts in habitat conditions. These changes can affect marine predators in the long term through changes in the distribution, density, and quality of prey. To understand how these changes affect vital rates requires longitudinal studies integrating demography and environmental states. We analyzed 22 years of capture–mark–recapture data to quantify the influence of broad‐scale climate on the survival of male southern elephant seals from Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia. Weaning mass was incorporated as a quadratic predictor of survival to account for the known influence of maternal investment. First‐year survival was greatest for weaners weighing 160 kg. Subsequent developmental stages were grouped into juvenile, subordinate, and breeding adult states to reflect the known life history of individuals. We found increased juvenile and subordinate survival with positive values of the previous years' Southern Annular Mode. This is likely due to the northward shift of westerly winds increasing productivity and prey availability in the Sub‐Antarctic region. In contrast to females of this population, the Southern Oscillation Index did not affect male survival. In this highly polygynous mating system, sex‐dependent differences in foraging behavior may be causing the small number of successful breeding adult males to be less susceptible to external influences after reaching the minimum age and body size required to be socially competitive for mating. These extremely large bulls will breed with multiple females and thus make a disproportionate contribution to the gene pool of the next generation. Considering the susceptibility of males to climate influences is therefore highly relevant to assessing the future adaptive capability of the species.
Streamlined Electrochemical Dihalogenation (F, Cl, and Br) of gem‐Difluoroalkenes Using Hydrogen Halides as Reagents
Authors: Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Rui , Cai Jiaxi , Liu Xin , Song Haixia , Liu Le , Duan Xin‐Hua , Hu Mingyou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe established a straightforward electrochemical dihalogenation (F, Cl, and Br) process for gem‐difluoroalkenes. This reaction exhibits a broad functional group tolerance and has been effectively utilized in the construction of complex molecules. The subsequent synthetic transformations of the products have highlighted the adaptable nature of the dihalogenated compounds, demonstrating their potential application in drug discovery and the investigation of innovative materials. The effective utilization of the dihalogenated product for 18F‐labeling represents a novel approach in generating highly potent 18F‐labeled tracers.