bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of SPARC obliterates the in vivo tumorigenicity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Atorrasagasti Catalina , Malvicini Mariana , Aquino Jorge B. , Alaniz Laura , Garcia Mariana , Bolontrade Marcela , Rizzo Manglio , Podhajcer Osvaldo L. , Mazzolini Guillermo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Current treatments are extremely disappointing. SPARC (Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) is a matricellular glycoprotein with differential expression in several tumors, including HCC, which significance remains unclear. We infected HCC cells (HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7) with an adenovirus expressing SPARC (AdsSPARC) to examine the role of SPARC expression on HCC cells and its effect on tumor aggressiveness. The in vitro HCC cells substrate‐dependent proliferation and cell cycle profile were unaffected; however, SPARC overexpression reduced HCC proliferation when cells were grown in spheroids. A mild induction of cellular apoptosis was observed upon SPARC overexpression. SPARC overexpression resulted in spheroid growth inhibition in vitro while no effects were found when recombinant SPARC was exogenously applied. Moreover, the clonogenic and migratory capabilities were largely decreased in SPARC‐overexpressing HCC cells, altogether suggesting a less aggressive HCC cell phenotype. Consistently, AdsSPARC‐transduced cells showed increased E‐cadherin expression and a concomitant decrease in N‐cadherin expression. Furthermore, SPARC overexpression was found to reduce HCC cell viability in response to 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy in vitro, partially through induction of apoptosis. In vivo experiments revealed that SPARC overexpression in HCC cells inhibited their tumorigenic capacity and increased animal survival through a mechanism that partially involves host macrophages. Our data suggest that SPARC overexpression in HCC cells results in a reduced tumorigenicity partially through the induction of mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition (MET). These evidences point to SPARC as a novel target for HCC treatment.
Effect of photoinitiator system and water content on dynamic mechanical properties of a light‐cured bisGMA/HEMA dental resin
Authors: Park Jonggu , Ye Qiang , Topp Elizabeth M. , Misra Anil , Kieweg Sarah L. , Spencer Paulette 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe selection of an appropriate photoinitiator system is critical for efficient polymerization of dental resins with satisfactory mechanical and physical properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of adding an iodonium salt to two‐component photoinitiator systems. Four photoinitiator systems were included in a model bisGMA/HEMA resin and used to prepare samples at different water contents; the dynamic mechanical properties and the final degree of conversion of the samples were then characterized. Addition of the iodonium salt to the two‐component photoinitiator systems increased the final degree of conversion, glass transition temperature, rubbery modulus, and crosslink density. The photoinitiator system containing ethyl‐4‐(dimethylamino) benzoate as a coinitiator and the iodonium salt exhibited the highest rubbery modulus. The enhanced properties in the presence of the iodonium salt can be attributed to the production of an active phenyl radical with regeneration of the original camphorquinone, which may increase the compatibility between monomers and initiators, especially in the presence of water. The results support the hypothesis that a photoinitiator system containing an iodonium salt can increase both mechanical properties and final conversion of model resin polymerized in the presence of water. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Comparison of active sites of butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase based on inhibition by geometric isomers of benzene‐di‐N‐substituted carbamates
Authors: Chiou Shyh‐Ying , Huang Chuan‐Fu , Hwang Mei‐Ting , Lin Gialih 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe have reported that benzene‐1,2‐, 1,3‐, and 1,4‐di‐N‐substituted carbamates (1–15) are characterized as the conformationally constrained inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and mimic gauche, eclipsed, and anti‐conformations of acetylcholine, respectively (J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2007;21:348–353). We further report the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase by these inhibitors. Carbamates 1–15 are also characterized as the pseudosubstrate inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase as in the acetylcholinesterase catalysis. Benzene‐1,4‐di‐N‐n‐hexylcarbamate (12) and benzene‐1,4‐di‐N‐n‐octylcarbamate (13) are the two most potent inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase among inhibitors 1–15. These two para compounds, with the angle of 180° between two C(benzene)O bonds, mimic the preferable anti CO/CN conformers for the choline ethylene backbone of butyrylcholine during the butyrylcholinesterase catalysis. The second n‐hexylcarbamyl or n‐octylcarbamyl moiety of inhibitors 12 and 13 is proposed to bind tightly to the peripheral anionic site of butyrylcholinesterase from molecular modeling. Butyrylcholinesterase prefers para‐carbamates to ortho‐ and meta‐carbamates, whereas acetylcholinesterase prefers para‐ and meta‐carbamates to ortho‐carbamates. This result implies that the anionic site of butyrylcholinesterase is relatively smaller than that of acetylcholinesterase because meta‐carbamates, which may bind to the anionic sites of both enzymes, are not potent inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:303–308, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20286
Induction of apoptosis in rat lung epithelial cells by multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ravichandran Prabakaran , Periyakaruppan Adaikkappan , Sadanandan Bindu , Ramesh Vani , Hall Joseph C. , Jejelowo Olufisayo , Ramesh Govindarajan T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs), the most promising material with unique characteristics, find its application in different fields ranging from composite materials to medicine and from electronics to energy storage. However, little is known about the mechanism behind the interaction of these particles with cells and their toxicity. So, here we investigated the adverse effects of multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) in rat lung epithelial (LE) cells. The results showed that the incubation of LE cells with 0.5–10 μg/mL of MWCNTs caused a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in the formation of free radicals, the accumulation of peroxidative products, the loss of cell viability, and antioxidant depletion. The significant amount of incorporation of dUTPs in the nucleus after 24 h confirms the induction of apoptosis. It was also observed that there is an increase in the activity of both caspases‐3 and caspase‐8 in cells, with increases in time and the concentration of MWCNTs. No significant incorporation of dUTPs was observed in cells, incubated with z‐VAD‐fmk, which confirmed the role of caspases in DNA fragmentation. The present study reveals that MWCNTs induced oxidative stress and stimulated apoptosis signaling pathway through caspase activation in rat LE cell lines. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:333–344, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20296
Effects of S‐adenosylhomocysteine and homocysteine on DNA damage and cell cytotoxicity in murine hepatic and microglia cell lines
Authors: Liu Chia‐Chyuan , Ho Wen‐Yueh , Leu Kuen‐Lin , Tsai Hsin‐Mao , Yang Tsai‐Hsiu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLimited research has been performed on S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) or homocysteine (Hcy)‐evoked cell damage in hepatic and neuronal cells. In this study, we assessed effects of SAH or Hcy on cell cytotoxicity and DNA damage in hepatic and neuronal cells and attempted to find the underlying mechanism. Cell cytotoxicity and DNA damage were evaluated in murine hepatic cells (BNL CL.2 cell line) and microglia cells (BV‐2 cell line) with SAH or Hcy treatment for 48 h. The influences of SAH or Hcy on lipid peroxidation and DNA methylation were also measured in both cell lines. SAH (5–20 μM) or Hcy (1–5 mM) dose dependently inhibited cell cytotoxicity and enhanced DNA damage in both types of cells. Furthermore, SAH treatment markedly increased intracellular SAH levels and DNA hypomethylation, whereas Hcy caused minimal effects on these two parameters at much higher concentrations. Hcy significantly induced lipid peroxidation, but not SAH. The present results show that SAH might cause cellular DNA damage in hepatic and microglia cells by DNA hypomethylation, resulting in irreversible DNA damage and increased cell cytotoxicity. In addition, higher Hcy could induce cellular DNA damage through increased lipid peroxidation and DNA hypomethylation. We suggest that SAH is a better marker of cell damage than Hcy in hepatic and microglia cells. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:349–356, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20298
The silly games we play
Authors: Rouse Robert W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAs we worry about cash and treasury problems in this economic crisis, it would be nice to have confidence in our senators and representatives. Are they the honest, knowledgeable, and wise leaders we need to steer our ship through stormy financial waters? The author had a unique insider's view of how Congress works. But what he saw was not reassuring. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zebrafish cnbp intron1 plays a fundamental role in controlling spatiotemporal gene expression during embryonic development
Authors: Weiner Andrea M.J. , Allende Miguel L. , Calcaterra Nora B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP) is a strikingly conserved zinc‐finger nucleic acid chaperone required for forebrain development. Its depletion causes forebrain truncation mainly as a consequence of a reduction in size of craniofacial structures and neural crest derivatives. The CNBP expression pattern is complex and highly dynamic, but little is known of the underlying mechanisms regulating its spatiotemporal pattern. CNBP expression is highly conserved between all vertebrates characterized. In this study we have combined comparative sequence analysis and in vivo testing of DNA fragments in zebrafish to identify evolutionarily constrained regulatory motifs that likely control expression of the cnbp gene in embryos. We found a novel exon sequence located 5′ upstream of the Exon1‐sequence reported in most databases, and two transcription start sites that generate two primary‐transcripts that differ in their 5′UTRs and expression profile during zebrafish embryonic development. Furthermore, we found a region inside the intron1 sequence that controls the cnbp developmental‐specific transcriptional activation. Conserved binding sites for neural crest transcription factors were identified in this region. Mutagenesis analysis of the regulatory region revealed that Pax6/FoxD3 binding sites are required for proper zygotic cnbp expression. This is the first study that identifies, in vivo, cis‐regulatory sequences inside intron sequences and typical neural crest transcription factors involved in cnbp spatiotemporal specific transcriptional control during vertebrate embryonic development. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1364–1375, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicidal behavior: current status and future directions
Authors: Ribeiro Jessica D. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicidal behavior (Joiner, 2005) holds that an individual will die by suicide if he or she has both the desire for suicide and capability to act on that desire. According to the theory, suicidal desire results from the convergence of two interpersonal states: perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. However, desire alone is not sufficient to result in death by suicide—a third component must be present: the acquired capability for suicide, which develops from repeated exposure and habituation to painful and provocative events. The purpose of this article is to discuss four viable and timely directions for future research, given the current status of the theory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–9, 2009.
Developmental origins of cognitive vulnerabilities to depression: review of processes contributing to stability and change across time
Authors: Hankin Benjamin L. , Oppenheimer Caroline , Jenness Jessica , Barrocas Andreas , Shapero Benjamin G. , Goldband Jessica 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCognitive theories of depression have been shown to be potent predictors of future increases in depressive symptoms and disorder in children, adolescents, and adults. This article focuses on potential developmental origins of the main cognitive vulnerabilities, including dysfunctional attitudes, negative cognitive style, and rumination. We selectively review processes and factors that have been hypothesized to contribute to the emergence and stabilization of these cognitive risk factors. This review focuses on genetic factors, temperament, parents and peers as salient interpersonal influences, and stressful life events. We end with suggestions for future theory development and research. In particular, we emphasize the need for additional conceptual and empirical work integrating these disparate processes together into a coherent, developmental psychopathological model, and we highlight the coexistence of both stability and change in the development of cognitive vulnerabilities to depression across the lifespan. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–12, 2009.
Sonographic detection of an aneurysm of the gastroepiploic artery
Authors: Kato Ryusuke , Ishida Hideaki , Komatsuda Tomoya , Yagisawa Hitoshi , Ishii Tooru 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGastroepiploic artery aneurysm (GEAA) is very rare.1 Furthermore, most GEAA cases are diagnosed after their rupture. We report a case of asymptomatic GEAA. The patient was a 61‐year‐old man. Sonography (US) revealed a 2‐cm anechoic mass in the epigastrium near the anterior abdominal wall. Color Doppler US and contrast‐enhanced US showed arterial flow within the mass leading to the diagnosisof visceral artery aneurysm. CT and angiography confirmed the diagnosis of right GEAA, and the aneurysm was treated successfully with embolization. Follow‐up US 6 months later confirmed the absence of blood flow within the lesion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Evidence‐based approach for prevention of radiocontrast‐induced nephropathy
Authors: Abu Jawdeh Bassam G. , Kanso Abbas A. , Schelling Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe frequency of radiocontrast administration is dramatically increasing, with over 80 million doses delivered annually worldwide. Although recently developed radiocontrast agents are relatively safe in most patients, contrast nephropathy (CN) is still a major source of in‐hospital and long‐term morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with preexisting kidney disease. Multiple protocols for CN prevention have been studied; however, strict guidelines have not been established, in part because of conflicting efficacy data for most prevention approaches. In this work, we critically review the major trials that have addressed common CN prophylaxis strategies, including type of radiocontrast media, N‐acetylcysteine administration, extracellular fluid volume expansion, and hemofiltration/hemodialysis. We conclude with evidence‐based recommendations for CN prevention, which emphasize concurrent NaHCO3 infusion and N‐acetylcysteine administration. These guidelines should be helpful to hospitalists, who frequently order radiocontrast studies, and could therefore have a significant impact on prevention of CN. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:500–506. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Medical humanities as tools for the teaching of patient‐centered care
Authors: Nazario Rubén J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Institute of Medicine, in its 2001 report Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century, highlighted patient‐centered care as an area for the development of quality measures. Since then, medical centers across the country have incorporated patient‐centered modalities in their healthcare delivery systems. In academic medical centers, interest in patient‐centered care has raised the awareness of the interactions between the humanities and medicine. This work aims to define the roles of patient‐centered medicine and the medical humanities in the academic medical environment, to establish the shared values between the medical humanities and patient‐centered care, and to demonstrate how the medical humanities can be a tool for the teaching of patient‐centered care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:512–514. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Delays in discharge in a tertiary care pediatric hospital
Authors: Srivastava Rajendu , Stone Bryan L. , Patel Raza , Swenson Matthew , Davies Andrew , Maloney Christopher G. , Young Paul C. , James Brent C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Delays in discharges affect both efficiency and timeliness of care; 2 measures of quality of inpatient care.OBJECTIVE:Describe number, length, and type of delays in hospital discharges. Characterize impact of delays on overall length of stay (LOS) and costs.DESIGN:Prospective observational cohort study.SETTING:Tertiary‐care children's hospital.PATIENTS:All children on 2 medical teams during August 2004.INTERVENTION:Two research assistants presented detailed data of patient care (from daily rounds) to 2 physicians who identified delays and classified the delay type. Discharge was identified as delayed if there was no medical reason for the patient to be in the hospital on a given day.MEASUREMENTS:Delays were classified using a validated and reliable instrument, the Delay Tool. LOS and costs were extracted from an administrative database.RESULTS:Two teams cared for 171 patients. Mean LOS and costs were 7.3 days (standard deviation [SD] 14.3) and $15,197 (SD 38,395), respectively: 22.8% of patients experienced at least 1 delay, accounting for 82 delay‐related hospital days (9% of total hospital days) and $170,000 in costs (8.9% of hospital costs); 42.3% of the delays resulted from physician behavior, 21.8% were related to discharge planning, 14.1% were related to consultation, and 12.8% were related to test scheduling.CONCLUSIONS:Almost one‐fourth of patients in this 1‐month period could have been discharged sooner than they were. Impact of delays on LOS and costs are substantial. Interventions will need to address variations in physician criteria for discharge, more efficient discharge planning, and timely scheduling of consultation and diagnostic testing. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:481–485. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
The role of physician engagement on the impact of the hospital‐based practice improvement module (PIM)
Authors: Caverzagie Kelly J. , Bernabeo Elizabeth C. , Reddy Siddharta G. , Holmboe Eric S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Physicians play an important role in hospital quality improvement (QI) activities. The Hospital‐Based Practice Improvement Module (Hospital PIM) is a web‐based assessment tool designed by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) to facilitate physician involvement in QI as a part of maintaining certification.OBJECTIVE:The primary objective of this study is to explore the impact of the Hospital PIM on physicians participating in hospital‐based QI.DESIGN:Qualitative design consisting of semistructured telephone interviews.PARTICIPANTS:A purposeful sample of 21 early‐completers of the Hospital PIM.MEASUREMENTS:Grounded‐theory analysis was used to analyze transcripts of the semistructured telephone interviews.RESULTS:Physician completers of the Hospital PIM describe the impact in a variety of ways, including new learning about QI principles and activities, added value to their practice, and enhanced QI experience. An emerging theme was the mediating role of physician engagement in relation to the overall impact of the Hospital PIM. Four case studies illustrate these findings. Facilitators and barriers that influence the overall experience of the PIM are described.CONCLUSIONS:The impact of completing the Hospital PIM is mediated by the degree of physician engagement with the QI process. Physicians who become engaged with the Hospital PIM and QI process may be more likely to report successful experiences in implementing QI activities in hospital settings than those who do not become engaged. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:466–470. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
The intramandibular joint in Girella: A mechanism for increased force production?
Authors: Ferry‐Graham Lara A. , Konow Nicolai 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntramandibular joints (IMJ) are novel articulations between bony elements of the lower jaw that have evolved independently in multiple fish lineages and are typically associated with biting herbivory. This novel joint is hypothesized to function by augmenting oral jaw expansion during mouth opening, which would increase contact between the tooth‐bearing area of the jaws and algal substratum during feeding, resulting in more effective food removal from the substrate. Currently, it is not understood if increased flexibility in a double‐jointed mandible also results in increased force generation during herbivorous biting and/or scraping. Therefore, we selected the herbivore Girella laevifrons for a mechanical study of the IMJ lower jaw lever system. For comparative purposes, we selected Graus nigra, a non–IMJ‐bearing species, from a putative sister genus. Shortening of the lower jaw, during flexion at the IMJ, resulted in a more strongly force‐amplifying closing lever system in the lower jaw, even in the absence of notable changes to the sizes of the muscles that power the lever system. To explain how the IMJ itself functions, we use a four‐bar linkage that models the transmission of force and velocity to and through the lower jaw via the IMJ. When combined, the functionally interrelated lever and linkage models predict velocity to be amplified during jaw opening, whereas jaw closing is highly force modified by the presence of the IMJ. Moreover, the function of the IMJ late during jaw closure provides enough velocity to detach sturdy and resilient prey. Thus, this novel jaw system can alternate between amplifying the force or the velocity exerted onto the substrate where food items are attached. This unique mechanical configuration supports the argument that IMJs are functional innovations that have evolved to meet novel mechanical challenges and constraints placed on the feeding apparatus by attached and sturdy food sources. J. Morphol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.