bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Effect of Subgingivally Delivered Simvastatin in the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pradeep Avani R. , Thorat Manojkumar S. 
Published: February 2010

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results in bone resorption creating bony defects, which may cause tooth loss. Various drugs have been studied using local delivery to improve the periodontal health and to achieve periodontal regeneration. Simvastatin (SMV) is a specific competitive inhibitor of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of SMV, 1.2 mg, in an indigenously prepared biodegradable controlled‐release gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.Methods: Sixty patients were categorized into two treatment groups: SRP plus placebo (group 1) and SRP plus SMV, 1.2 mg (group 2). Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline before SRP and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months; they included modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). At baseline and after 6 months, radiologic assessment of intrabony defect (IBD) fill was done using computer‐aided software. The mean concentration of SMV in gingival crevicular fluid was estimated by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography.Results: All subjects tolerated the drug, without any postapplication inflammation. Both therapies resulted in significant improvements. The decrease in mSBI score at 6 months was greater in group 2 (2.3267 ± 0.8017) compared to group 1 (0.5033 ± 0.6815). The mean decrease in PD from baseline to 6 months was 1.20 ± 1.24 mm and 4.26 ± 1.59 mm in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Mean CAL gain from baseline to 6 months was 1.63 ± 1.99 mm and 4.36 ± 1.92 mm in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In group 2, there was greater decrease in mean IBD (1.41 ± 0.74 mm or 32.54%) compared to group 1 (0.09 ± 0.58 mm or 2.16%).Conclusion: There was a greater decrease in gingival index and PD and more CAL gain with significant IBD fill at sites treated with SRP plus locally delivered SMV in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Periodontal Disease, Oxidative Stress, and Risk for Preeclampsia
Authors: Horton Amanda L. , Boggess Kim A. , Moss Kevin L. , Beck James , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: February 2010

Background: Maternal periodontal infection is associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia. Periodontal infection is also associated with increased oxidative stress. Our objective was to determine the relationship among maternal periodontal disease, maternal oxidative stress, and the development of preeclampsia.Methods: A secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from the Oral Conditions and Pregnancy Study was performed. A cohort of healthy women enrolled at <26 weeks of gestation underwent an oral examination, serum sampling, and delivery follow‐up. A periodontal infection was categorized by clinical parameters as healthy or mild or moderate/severe periodontal infection. Preeclampsia was defined by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria as blood pressure >140/90 mmHg and ≥1+ proteinuria on a catheterized specimen. Maternal blood was assayed for 8‐isoprostane concentrations using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and stratified as elevated (≥75th percentile) or not elevated (<75th percentile). Odds ratios (ORs) for preeclampsia were calculated and stratified by periodontal disease and the level of 8‐isoprostane concentration.Results: A total of 34 (4.3%) of 791 women developed preeclampsia. Women with an 8‐isoprostane concentration ≥75th percentile at enrollment were more likely to develop preeclampsia compared to women with an 8‐isoprostane concentration <75th percentile (38.2% versus 24.4%, respectively; P = 0.07; OR: 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94 to 3.90). Among women with moderate/severe periodontal disease, an elevated 8‐isoprostane concentration (≥75th percentile) did not significantly increase the likelihood for preeclampsia (adjusted OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 0.65 to 6.60).Conclusions: Women with oxidative stress early in pregnancy, as measured by an 8‐isoprostane concentration ≥75th percentile, were at an increased risk for developing preeclampsia. The presence of periodontal disease did not appear to modify this risk.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Moxifloxacin Against Gram‐Negative Enteric Rods From Colombian Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Ardila Carlos M. , Fernández Natalia , Guzmán Isabel C. 
Published: February 2010

Background: Gram‐negative enteric rods were associated with periodontal diseases in several populations. The association between enteric and putative periodontal pathogens has received little attention in the literature. The present investigation determined the occurrence and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of Gram‐negative enteric rods from Colombian patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Clinical parameters and the in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of isolates of Gram‐negative enteric rods were examined in 76 patients with chronic periodontitis in Medellin, Colombia. Subgingival samples were processed using culture and biochemical tests for the detection of periodontal and superinfecting pathogens. Selected colonies of Gram‐negative enteric rods from pure cultures were used to test the susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Chi‐square and Mann‐Whitney tests were used to determine differences in clinical variables versus the presence or absence of Gram‐negative enteric rods.Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae was found in 12 patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in four patients, and three other species were recovered with a lower prevalence. Men (38.75%) tended to harbor more of the studied organisms than women (17.7%) (P = 0.04). Gram‐negative enteric rods in periodontal pockets correlated positively with the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (respectively, r = 0.66, 0.31, and 0.32; P <0.001). All superinfecting organisms demonstrated a high susceptibility to moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin but exhibited a variable susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.Conclusions: This study found high levels of Gram‐negative enteric rods in patients with chronic periodontitis. Moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin appeared capable of eradicating these organisms from periodontal pockets. Its good activity against Gram‐negative enteric rods and periodontopathogens suggests the potential use of moxifloxacin as an adjunctive antibiotic in the treatment of mixed periodontal infections.
Full-Length Adiponectin Attenuates Insulin Signaling and Inhibits Insulin-Stimulated Amino Acid Transport in Human Primary Trophoblast Cells
Authors: Jones Helen N. , Jansson Thomas , Powell Theresa L. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Maternal adiponectin levels are reduced and placental nutrient transporters are upregulated in obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus; however, the effects of adiponectin on placental function are unknown. We hypothesized that adiponectin regulates placental amino acid transport.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Human primary trophoblast cells were cultured and incubated with globular adiponectin (gAd) or full-length adiponectin (fAd) alone or in combination with insulin. System A and L amino acid transport and SNAT1, SNAT2, and SNAT4 isoform expression was measured. The activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase–AKT, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα) signaling pathways was determined.

RESULTS
In the absence of insulin, gAd stimulated AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, SNAT2 protein expression, and system A activity. This effect appeared to be mediated by interleukin-6 release and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling because gAd failed to stimulate system A in cells in which STAT3 had been silenced using small interfering RNA. fAd alone had no effect on system A activity or SNAT expression. Insulin increased AKT and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation, system A activity, and SNAT2 expression. When combined with insulin, gAd did not affect system A activity or SNAT expression. In contrast, fAd abolished insulin-stimulated AKT Thr308 and IRS-1 Tyr612 phosphorylation, system A activity, and SNAT2 expression. Furthermore, fAd increased PPARα expression and PPARα (Ser21) phosphorylation.

CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to the insulin-sensitizing actions of adiponectin in liver and muscle reported in the literature, fAd attenuates insulin signaling in primary human trophoblast cells. As a result, fAd inhibits insulin-stimulated amino acid transport, which may have important implications for placental nutrient transport and fetal growth in pregnancy complications associated with altered maternal adiponectin levels.
Downregulation of Adipose Glutathione S-Transferase A4 Leads to Increased Protein Carbonylation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Curtis Jessica M. , Grimsrud Paul A. , Wright Wendy S. , Xu Xin , Foncea Rocio E. , Graham David W. , Brestoff Jonathan R. , Wiczer Brian M. , Ilkayeva Olga , Cianflone Katherine , Muoio Deborah E. , Arriaga Edgar A. , Bernlohr David A. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Peripheral insulin resistance is linked to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading in part to the production of reactive lipid aldehydes that modify the side chains of protein amino acids in a reaction termed protein carbonylation. The primary enzymatic method for lipid aldehyde detoxification is via glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4) dependent glutathionylation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of GSTA4 and the role(s) of protein carbonylation in adipocyte function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
GSTA4-silenced 3T3-L1 adipocytes and GSTA4-null mice were evaluated for metabolic processes, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species production. GSTA4 expression in human obesity was evaluated using microarray analysis.

RESULTS
GSTA4 expression is selectively downregulated in adipose tissue of obese insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice and in human obesity-linked insulin resistance. Tumor necrosis factor-α treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased GSTA4 expression, and silencing GSTA4 mRNA in cultured adipocytes resulted in increased protein carbonylation, increased mitochondrial ROS, dysfunctional state 3 respiration, and altered glucose transport and lipolysis. Mitochondrial function in adipocytes of lean or obese GSTA4-null mice was significantly compromised compared with wild-type controls and was accompanied by an increase in superoxide anion.

CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that downregulation of GSTA4 in adipose tissue leads to increased protein carbonylation, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction and may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
The Glucagonostatic and Insulinotropic Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Contribute Equally to Its Glucose-Lowering Action
Authors: Hare Kristine J. , Vilsbøll Tina , Asmar Meena , Deacon Carolyn F. , Knop Filip K. , Holst Jens J. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) exerts beneficial antidiabetic actions via effects on pancreatic β- and α-cells. Previous studies have focused on the improvements in β-cell function, while the inhibition of α-cell secretion has received less attention. The aim of this research was to quantify the glucagonostatic contribution to the glucose-lowering effect of GLP-1 infusions in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ten male patients with well-regulated type 2 diabetes (A1C 6.9 ± 0.8%, age 56 ± 10 years, BMI 31 ± 3 kg/m2 [means ± SD]) were subjected to five 120-min glucose clamps at fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. On day 1, GLP-1 was infused to stimulate endogenous insulin release and suppress endogenous glucagon. On days 2–5, pancreatic endocrine clamps were performed using somatostatin infusions of somatostatin and/or selective replacement of insulin and glucagon; day 2, GLP-1 plus basal insulin and glucagon (no glucagon suppression or insulin stimulation); day 3, basal insulin only (glucagon deficiency); day 4, basal glucagon and stimulated insulin; and day 5, stimulated insulin. The basal plasma glucagon levels were chosen to simulate portal glucagon levels.

RESULTS
Peptide infusions produced the desired hormone levels. The amount of glucose required to clamp FPG was 24.5 ± 4.1 (day 1), 0.3 ± 0.2 (day 2), 10.6 ± 1.1 (day 3), 11.5 ± 2.7 (day 4), and 24.5 ± 2.6 g (day 5) (day 2 was lower than days 3 and 4, which were both similar and lower than days 1 and 5).

CONCLUSIONS
We concluded that insulin stimulation (day 4) and glucagon inhibition (day 3) contribute equally to the effect of GLP-1 on glucose turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes, and these changes explain the glucose-lowering effect of GLP-1 (day 5 vs. day 1).
An Association Between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Yang Jin-Kui , Liu Wei , Shi Jing , Li Yi-Bing 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 1,170 type 2 diabetic patients were screened for thyroid function. There were 127 type 2 diabetic patients with SCH and 200 randomly selected euthyroid type 2 diabetic patients selected. Those with more severe than moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy were classified as having sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR).

RESULTS
The trend for severe retinopathy was significantly higher in the SCH group than in the euthyroid group (χ2 = 20.43, P = 0.000). SCH was associated with greater prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, especially STDR [odds ratio (95% CI): 4.15 (2.17–7.96), P = 0.000] after an adjustment for age, sex, duration of diabetes, A1C, BMI, hypertension, and LDL cholesterol. Even euthyroid patients with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels between 2.0 and &lt;4.0 μIU/ml had a higher rate of STDR then those between 0.4 and &lt;2.0 μIU/ml (P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS
Type 2 diabetic patients with SCH are associated with an increased risk of STDR.
Effect of Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Obesity in the Next Generation
Authors: Gillman Matthew W. , Oakey Helena , Baghurst Peter A. , Volkmer Robert E. , Robinson Jeffrey S. , Crowther Caroline A. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may cause obesity in the offspring. The objective was to assess the effect of treatment for mild GDM on the BMI of 4- to 5-year-old children.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants were 199 mothers who participated in a randomized controlled trial of the treatment of mild GDM during pregnancy and their children. Trained nurses measured the height and weight of the children at preschool visits in a state-wide surveillance program in the state of South Australia. The main outcome measure was age- and sex-specific BMI Z score based on standards of the International Obesity Task Force.

RESULTS
At birth, prevalence of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4,000 g) was 5.3% among the 94 children whose mothers were in the intervention group, and 21.9% among the 105 children in the routine care control group. At 4- to 5-years-old, mean (SD) BMI Z score was 0.49 (1.20) in intervention children and 0.41 (1.40) among controls. The difference between treatment groups was 0.08 (95% CI −0.29 to 0.44), an estimate minimally changed by adjustment for maternal race, parity, age, and socio-economic index (0.08 [−0.29 to 0.45]). Evaluating BMI ≥85th percentile rather than continuous BMI Z score gave similarly null results.

CONCLUSIONS
Although treatment of GDM substantially reduced macrosomia at birth, it did not result in a change in BMI at age 4- to 5-years-old.
MD-Logic Artificial Pancreas System
Authors: Atlas Eran , Nimri Revital , Miller Shahar , Grunberg Eli A. , Phillip Moshe 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Current state-of-the-art artificial pancreas systems are either based on traditional linear control theory or rely on mathematical models of glucose-insulin dynamics. Blood glucose control using these methods is limited due to the complexity of the biological system. The aim of this study was to describe the principles and clinical performance of the novel MD-Logic Artificial Pancreas (MDLAP) System.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The MDLAP applies fuzzy logic theory to imitate lines of reasoning of diabetes caregivers. It uses a combination of control-to-range and control-to-target strategies to automatically regulate individual glucose levels. Feasibility clinical studies were conducted in seven adults with type 1 diabetes (aged 19–30 years, mean diabetes duration 10 ± 4 years, mean A1C 6.6 ± 0.7%). All underwent 14 full, closed-loop control sessions of 8 h (fasting and meal challenge conditions) and 24 h.

RESULTS
The mean peak postprandial (overall sessions) glucose level was 224 ± 22 mg/dl. Postprandial glucose levels returned to &lt;180 mg/dl within 2.6 ± 0.6 h and remained stable in the normal range for at least 1 h. During 24-h closed-loop control, 73% of the sensor values ranged between 70 and 180 mg/dl, 27% were &gt;180 mg/dl, and none were &lt;70 mg/dl. There were no events of symptomatic hypoglycemia during any of the trials.

CONCLUSIONS
The MDLAP system is a promising tool for individualized glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes. It is designed to minimize high glucose peaks while preventing hypoglycemia. Further studies are planned in the broad population under daily-life conditions.
A High-Protein Diet With Resistance Exercise Training Improves Weight Loss and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wycherley Thomas P. , Noakes Manny , Clifton Peter M. , Cleanthous Xenia , Keogh Jennifer B. , Brinkworth Grant D. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of two low-fat hypocaloric diets differing in the carbohydrate-to-protein ratio, with and without resistance exercise training (RT), on weight loss, body composition, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk outcomes in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 83 men and women with type 2 diabetes (aged 56.1 ± 7.5 years, BMI 35.4 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to an isocaloric, energy-restricted diet (female subjects 6 MJ/day, male subjects 7 MJ/day) of either standard carbohydrate (CON; carbohydrate:protein:fat 53:19:26) or high protein (HP; 43:33:22), with or without supervised RT (3 days/week) for 16 weeks. Body weight and composition, waist circumference (WC), and cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed.

RESULTS
Fifty-nine participants completed the study. There was a significant group effect (P ≤ 0.04) for body weight, fat mass, and WC with the greatest reductions occuring in HP+RT (weight [CON: −8.6 ± 4.6 kg, HP: −9.0 ± 4.8 kg, CON+RT: −10.5 ± 5.1 kg, HP+RT: −13.8 ± 6.0 kg], fat mass [CON: −6.4 ± 3.4 kg, HP: −6.7 ± 4.0 kg, CON+RT: −7.9 ± 3.7 kg, HP+RT: −11.1 ± 3.7 kg], and WC [CON: −8.2 ± 4.6 cm, HP: −8.9 ± 3.9 cm, CON+RT: −11.3 ± 4.6 cm, HP+RT: −13.7 ± 4.6 cm]). There was an overall reduction (P &lt; 0.001) in fat-free mass (−2.0 ± 2.3 kg), blood pressure (−15/8 ± 10/6 mmHg), glucose (−2.1 ± 2.2 mmol/l), insulin (−4.7 ± 5.4 mU/l), A1C (−1.25 ± 0.94%), triglycerides (−0.47 ± 0.81 mmol/l), total cholesterol (−0.67 ± 0.69 mmol/l), and LDL cholesterol (−0.37 ± 0.53 mmol/l), with no difference between groups (P ≥ 0.17).

CONCLUSIONS
An energy-restricted HP diet combined with RT achieved greater weight loss and more favorable changes in body composition. All treatments had similar improvements in glycemic control and CVD risk markers.
An endemic area of Dirofilaria immitis seropositive dogs at the eastern foothills of Mt Olympus, Northern Greece
Authors: Lefkaditis M. , Koukeri S. , Cozma V. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Following an examination conducted on a population of three hundred and forty-one dogs living on the eastern foothills of Mt Olympus in Northern Greece, 17.9 % were found to be seropositive for the Dirofilaria immitis specific antigen. These results indicate that the region is an endemic area for the above-mentioned parasitosis in dogs. Serum samples were examined using the PetChek kit Snap (IDDEX Laboratories, ELISA, Portland USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
With respect to gender, age and type of coat, the statistical analysis has shown that the prevalence of seropositive results is significantly higher (P < 0.05) among male dogs, older dogs and short-haired dogs. As regards breed and size, the same study has recorded a higher prevalence in mixed breed and small-sized dogs.
A new cucullanid species (Nematoda) from the freshwater fish Thorichthys helleri (Cichlidae) in Mexico
Authors: Caspeta-Mandujano J. , Salgado-Maldonado G. , Martínez-Ramírez E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A new nematode species, Cucullanus oaxaquensis n. sp., is described from specimens recovered from the intestine of Thorichthys helleri Steindachner, 1864 from the Ró Modelo, Los Chimalapas, state of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is characterized largely by possesing unusual features among Cucullanus spp., i.e., net-like sculpture on the surface of eggs, a pair of small papillae near tail tip of females and a small terminal sclerotized structure at tail tip of both males and females. This findig represents the fouth species reported from freshwater fishes in Mexico and the second for cichlid fishes.
A new species of Centrorhynchus (Acanthocephala, Centrorhynchidae) endoparasite of Guira guira (Aves, Cuculidae) from Argentina
Authors: Lunaschi L. , Drago F. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Centrorhynchus guira n. sp. is described from the guira cuckoo, Guira guira (Gmelin) (Cuculiformes: Cuculidae), from Argentina. This new species is characterized by the proboscis armament with 32 longitudinal rows (29 with 18 hooks per row and 3 with 19 hooks per row) and by the following hook pattern per row: 8–9 true hooks, 4 transitional hooks with lateral alate processes, and 6 spiniform hooks. The presence of transitional hooks is shared with five other Neotropical species in the genus: C. polymorphus, C. albidus, C. microcephalus, C. kuntzi and C. crotophagicola. Among these species, C. guira n. sp. most closely resembles C. kuntzi in having transitional hooks with lateral alate processes, however differs in the number of hooks per row and spiniform hooks. This is the first record of the genus Centrorhynchus parasitizing Argentinean birds. A key to the species of the Neotropical Centrorhynchus Lühe 1911 is presented.