bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacerdotalism
Authors: Horr George E. 
Published: November 2011

The provisions for the fourth of the series of Dudleian Lectures are as follows:“The fourth and last lecture I would have for the maintaining, explaining, and proving the validity of the ordination of ministers or pastors of the churches, and so their administration of the sacraments or ordinances of religion as the same hath been practiced in New England, from the first beginning of it, and so continued at this day. Not that I would in any wise invalidate Episcopal Ordination, as it is commonly called and practiced in the Church of England; but I do esteem the method of ordination as practiced in Scotland, at Geneva, and among the dissenters in England, and in the churches in this country, to be very safe, Scriptural and valid; and that the great Head of the church, by his blessed spirit, hath owned, sanctified, and blessed them accordingly, and will continue to do so to the end of the World. Amen.”The topic of Sacerdotalism is naturally involved in the terms of this Foundation.The term “Sacerdotalism” has been defined as “the doctrine that the man who ministers in sacred things, the institution through which and the office or order in which he ministers, the acts he performs, the sacraments and rites he celebrates, are so ordained and constituted of God as to be the peculiar channels of His grace, essential to true worship, necessary to the being of religion, and the full realization of the religious life.”
Jesus and his Modern Critics
Authors: Brown Howard N. 
Published: November 2011

As our buildings today bear the impress of Greek genius in architecture, and our law in great measure holds the form that was given it under the Roman Empire, so do religion and morals with us still feel the influence of the Jew. Through Christianity that strain of spiritual life which had been nurtured under a great line of Hebrew prophets was taken over to and planted in the new soil of Graeco-Roman life: so that its heroes finally displaced the heroes of classical antiquity and its forms of thought, in part at least, superseded those which belonged by natural inheritance to pagan faith. The beginner of the movement which accomplished this change was Jesus of Nazareth, who thus made himself one of the foremost figures in the world's affairs.As part of this process of getting itself rooted in a new habitat, and by way of adaptation to alien conditions, Christianity underwent considerable modification of form. First it was worked over into somewhat different shape in the mind of Paul. Petrine Christianity, no doubt, was held strictly within Judaic lines, and was designed only for “home consumption.” The Pauline form introduced changes which better fitted it for a “foreign market.” A later and more profound change was made by those influences which our fourth gospel represents. In this new guise it was such a different thing that it became thenceforth, almost of necessity, a stranger in the house of its birth. These modifications of it, innocently assumed to be its original shape, have lived on till our own day.And now a new force is being brought to bear upon it whose ultimate effect we cannot wholly measure. The new science of historical criticism has come into this field, possessing an equipment and a determination which blind tradition will be unable to resist. One of the first facts to attract its attention was that change of form which Christianity had undergone in getting itself transformed from Eastern to Western life; and one of its first problems was to retranslate these later versions of its message back into a primitive gospel.
Harvard Hymns
Authors: Archibald Warren Seymour 
Published: November 2011

Most readers of this article have sung, and many have learned by heart, a noble Christmas hymn whose music is now heard in more than one continent:—It came upon the midnight clear,That glorious song of old;but few of those who sing and love it know that it was written by a country minister who graduated from the Harvard Divinity School. Fewer still are aware that a series of men have proceeded from this department of Harvard University who, for now almost a hundred years, have maintained this succession in sacred song. What may properly be called a school of religious poetry constitutes a worthy part of the contribution to literary culture which Harvard has made and which through many generations formed the peculiar and greatest distinction of New England.
Decline and demographic changes in the population of the Near Threatened brown lemur Eulemur fulvus on Mayotte
Authors: Tonnabel J. , Tattersall I. , Simmen B. , Tarnaud L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe population of the Near Threatened brown lemur Eulemur fulvus on the island of Mayotte was censused in 1974, 1984 and 1999. We carried out a new census in 2008, estimating individual and group densities in the three main habitat types on the island (preserved forest, anthropogenic forest and agricultural areas), and more generally evaluating population trends. Data included sex ratios and the number of young < 1 year-old per female. The census was at the end of the dry season, along 14 transect lines of 0.5 or 1 km length. Counts of groups and individuals were repeated three times between 07.00 and 10.00 and between 15.00 and 18.00. The densities of groups and individuals were calculated using Distance. By 2008 group and individual densities had significantly decreased in preserved forest, and there was also a decrease in group size in all habitat types. The 2008 census also showed that the overall population of E. fulvus on Mayotte has decreased by about half since 1999. We suggest that these changes reflect environmental stress associated with a decrease in available food resources. Urgent action to preserve forest habitat is necessary for the long-term survival of this lemur.
Efficacy of narasin against hepatic and intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits
Authors: Peeters J. E. , Geeroms Rita , Antoine Odette , Mammerickx M. , Halen P. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe anticoccidial effect of narasin against Eimeria flavescens, E. intestinalis, E. magna, E. perforans and E. stiedai was tested in experimentally infected rabbits. The drug was highly effective in reducing oocyst output and in preventing clinical signs. Maximum activity as measured by oocyst discharge was achieved with feed levels from 12 to 24 p.p.m.; there was no influence on oocyst sporulation. Optimal weight gain and food consumption were obtained with levels between 8 and 12 p.p.m.; at higher levels there was an adverse effect on growth, food intake, relative liver and heart weights and on serum potassium and glucose.
The effect of anaerobiosis on adenosine nucleotide levels inNematospiroides dubiusandTrichostrongylus colubriformis in vitro
Authors: Sharpe M. J. , Lee D. L. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe adenosine nucleotide and adenylate energy charge values ofNematospiroides dubiusandTrichostrongylus colubriformismaintainedin vitrounder aerated and under near-anoxic conditions have been measured. Maintenance of the nematodes in both conditions had an adverse effect on their energy metabolism, but in comparing these effects it was found that the changes were more significant in those nematodes maintained in near-anoxic conditions and that the changes were more apparent in male nematodes. The smaller changes in the energy charge values of female worms, particularlyN. dubiuswhere there was no difference between worms in aerated conditions and those in near-anoxic conditions, were explained by the presence of eggs in the nematodes. At no time did the energy charge of nematodes in near-anoxic conditions fall below 0·50 but, whereas nematodes in aerated conditions were able to continue moving throughout the experiment, those in near-anoxic conditions stopped moving during the first 3 h. It is suggested that in the absence of sufficient oxygen the nematodes were able to maintain their energy charge above 0·50 by removal of AMP from the adenylate pool, resulting in the depletion of their total adenylate. The changes in the energy charge and behaviour of the nematodes are related to the survival of the nematodes in the oxygen-deficient environment which they inhabitin vivo.
TRPC4 ion channel protein is selectively expressed in a subpopulation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area
Authors: Illig Kurt , Varnell Andrew , Ostertag Eric , Klipec William , Cooper Donald 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe nonselective cation channel TRPC4 has been shown to be present in high abundance in the corticolimbic regions of the brain and play a pivotal role in modulating cellular excitability due to their involvement in intracellular Ca^2+^ regulation. Recently we reported their involvement in socialization and regulating anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Given the important role for dopamine in modulating emotions involved in social anxiety we investigated whether TRPC4 protein and mRNA was found on dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Using emulsion autoradiography we found that TRPC4 mRNA is indeed present in the VTA and the substantia nigra. Additionally, immunohistochemistry verified it’s presence on a subpopulation of dopamine neurons in the VTA. We confirmed these findings by testing Trpc4 knock-out rats in addition to wild-type animals. This novel finding suggests that TRPC4 plays a pivotal role in regulating dopamine release in a sub-population of neurons that may modulate emotional and cognitive responses in social situations.
Sulfanyl stabilization of copper-bonded phenoxyls in model complexes and galactose oxidase
Authors: Verma Pratik , Pratt Russell C. , Storr Tim , Wasinger Erik C. , Stack T. Daniel P. 
Published: November 2011

Integrating sulfanyl substituents into copper-bonded phenoxyls significantly alters their optical and redox properties and provides insight into the influence of cysteine modification of the tyrosine cofactor in the enzyme galactose oxidase. The model complexes [
1
SR2
]
+
are class II mixed-valent Cu
II
-phenoxyl-phenolate species that exhibit intervalence charge transfer bands and intense visible sulfur-aryl
π
→
π
∗
transitions in the energy range, which provides a greater spectroscopic fidelity to oxidized galactose oxidase than non-sulfur-bearing analogs. The potentials for phenolate-based oxidations of the sulfanyl-substituted
1
SR2
are lower than the alkyl-substituted analogs by up to
ca.
150 mV and decrease following the steric trend: -S
t
Bu > -S
i
Pr > -SMe. Density functional theory calculations suggest that reducing the steric demands of the sulfanyl substituent accommodates an in-plane conformation of the alkylsulfanyl group with the aromatic ring, which stabilizes the phenoxyl hole by
ca.
8 kcal mol
-1
(1 kcal = 4.18 kJ; 350 mV) through delocalization onto the sulfur atom. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy clearly indicates a contribution of
ca.
8–13% to the hole from the sulfur atoms in [
1
SR2
]
+
. The electrochemical results for the model complexes corroborate the
ca.
350 mV (density functional theory) contribution of hole delocalization on to the cysteine–tyrosine cross-link to the stability of the phenoxyl radical in the enzyme, while highlighting the importance of the in-plane conformation observed in all crystal structures of the enzyme.
Helping counts: predicting children's intentions to disclose being bullied to teachers from prior social support experiences
Authors: Boulton Michael J. , Murphy Debborah , Lloyd Julie , Besling Sabine , Coote Jennifer , Lewis Jennifer , Perrin Roxanne , Walsh Linda 
Published: November 2011

Despite possible negative effects, many children do not tell their teachers when they have been bullied. This study examined junior school pupils' (N = 294) reports of instrumental, emotional and validation social support received after disclosing being bullied to teachers, and associations with intentions to disclose in the future. Overall, participants reported receiving modest to high levels of social support. The three social support variables accounted for a significant proportion (16.3%) of the variance in intentions to disclose. Each of them also emerged as significant non unique predictors (i.e. not controlling for their shared variance), and validation social support did so even after controlling for the influence of the other two types. These effects were stronger for boys than for girls, and some varied by age. Findings are discussed in terms of outcome‐ expectancy theory and practical implications.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of intracoronary and endogenously mobilized bone marrow stem cells in the treatment of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta‐analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Zimmet Hendrik , Porapakkham Pramote , Porapakkham Pornwalee , Sata Yusuke , Haas Steven Joseph , Itescu Silviu , Forbes Andrew , Krum Henry 
Published: November 2011

AimsBone marrow stem cell (BMSC) treatment of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been primarily via the intracoronary route or via endogenous mobilization using granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). Studies have provided conflicting results. We therefore performed a meta‐analysis of these treatments, examining short‐ and long‐term efficacy and safety.Methods and resultsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) of BMSC‐based therapy for STEMI, delivered within 9 days of reperfusion, were identified by systematic search. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled effects of clinical outcomes, with meta‐regression to assess dependence of the magnitude of effect sizes on study characteristics. Twenty‐nine RCTs enrolling 1830 patients were included. Intracoronary BMSC therapy resulted in an overall improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 2.70% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–3.92; P < 0.001] in the short term and 3.31% (95% CI 1.87–4.75; P < 0.001) longer term. Meta‐regression suggested a dose–response relationship between quantity of CD34+ cells delivered and increase in LVEF (P = 0.007). G‐CSF treatment resulted in a trend towards similar benefits (P = 0.20). No significant differences were observed in pooled adverse outcome rates between intervention and control groups of either treatment approach, except for lower revascularization rates with intracoronary BMSC vs. control (odds ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.47–0.97; P = 0.03).ConclusionsIntracoronary BMSC therapy post‐STEMI improves LVEF beyond standard medical treatment, in both the short and longer term. G‐CSF treatment shows positive but non‐significant trends. Both treatments demonstrate safety comparable with conventional medical treatment.
The Response of Diatom Central Carbon Metabolism to Nitrogen Starvation Is Different from That of Green Algae and Higher Plants
Authors: Hockin Nicola Louise , Mock Thomas , Mulholland Francis , Kopriva Stanislav , Malin Gill 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The availability of nitrogen varies greatly in the ocean and limits primary productivity over large areas. Diatoms, a group of phytoplankton that are responsible for about 20% of global carbon fixation, respond rapidly to influxes of nitrate and are highly successful in upwelling regions. Although recent diatom genome projects have highlighted clues to the success of this group, very little is known about their adaptive response to changing environmental conditions. Here, we compare the proteome of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (CCMP 1335) at the onset of nitrogen starvation with that of nitrogen-replete cells using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In total, 3,310 protein spots were distinguishable, and we identified 42 proteins increasing and 23 decreasing in abundance (greater than 1.5-fold change; P &lt; 0.005). Proteins involved in the metabolism of nitrogen, amino acids, proteins, and carbohydrates, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll biosynthesis were represented. Comparison of our proteomics data with the transcriptome response of this species under similar growth conditions showed good correlation and provided insight into different levels of response. The T. pseudonana response to nitrogen starvation was also compared with that of the higher plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus. We have found that the response of diatom carbon metabolism to nitrogen starvation is different from that of other photosynthetic eukaryotes and bears closer resemblance to the response of cyanobacteria.
Fatigue in out‐patients with inflammatory bowel disease is common and multifactorial
Authors: Bager P. , Befrits R. , Wikman O. , Lindgren S. , Moum B. , Hjortswang H. , Hjollund N. H. , Dahlerup J. F. 
Published: November 2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 133–141SummaryBackground Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often complain of fatigue.Aim To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of fatigue among IBD out‐patients in Scandinavia and to provide normative values for fatigue in IBD patients.Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 425 IBD patients from six out‐patient centres in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Fatigue was measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. The patients were also screened for anaemia and iron deficiency. Each centre included approximately 5% of their IBD cohort. The patients were enrolled consecutively from the out‐patient clinics, regardless of disease activity and whether the visit was scheduled. The fatigue analysis was stratified for age and gender.Results Using the 95th percentile of the score of the general population as a cut‐off, approximately 44% of the patients were fatigued. When comparing the IBD patients with disease activity to the IBD patients in remission, all dimensions of fatigue were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Being anaemic or iron deficient was not associated with increased fatigue. Being a male patient with ulcerative colitis treated with corticosteroids was a strong determinant for increased fatigue. The normative ranges for IBD fatigue were calculated.Conclusions Fatigue in IBD is common regardless of anaemia or iron deficiency. Fatigue in IBD is most marked for patients <60 years of age. Stratifying for gender and age is necessary when analysing fatigue, as fatigue is expressed differently between groups.
Primary hyperoxaluria in Coton de Tulear
Authors: Vidgren G. , Vainio‐Siukola K. , Honkasalo S. , Dillard K. , Anttila M. , Vauhkonen H. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryPrimary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glyoxylate metabolism in humans. It is characterized by the accumulation of oxalate and subsequent precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals, primarily in the kidneys. Deficiencies in glyoxylate‐metabolizing enzymes alanine‐glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) or glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) occur in 95% of PH cases. Seven Coton de Tulear puppies from four apparently unrelated litters were examined owing to sudden illness at the age of 3–4 weeks. A complete necropsy was performed. The typical finding was tubular necrosis with extensive oxalate crystal deposition. Based on history and necropsy findings, PH was suspected. Eight microsatellite loci flanking AGXT and GRHPR were analysed, and based on segregation results, AGXT was suspected as to be the candidate gene. AGXT exon sequencing revealed a single base change (c.996G>A) that changed one conserved residue (p.Gly102Ser). The mutation was tested in of 118 Finnish Coton de Tulear dogs, ten (8.5%) of which were revealed as carriers. This preliminary study reports PH as a cause of neonatal death in Finnish Coton de Tulear and suggests that genetic testing of dogs be carried out before breeding to prevent the birth of affected offspring.
Tree diversity enhances tree transpiration in a Panamanian forest plantation
Authors: Kunert Norbert , Schwendenmann Luitgard , Potvin Catherine , Hölscher Dirk 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. Tree plantations play an important role in meeting the growing demand for wood, but there is concern about their high rates of water use. Recent approaches to reforestation in the tropics involve the establishment of multispecies plantations, but few studies have compared water use in mixed vs. monospecific stands.2. We hypothesized that tree species diversity enhances stand transpiration. Tree water use rates were estimated in monocultures (n = 5), two‐species mixtures (n = 3), three‐species mixtures (n = 3) and five‐species mixtures (n = 4). Sap flux densities were monitored with thermal dissipation probes in 60 trees for 1 year in a 7‐year‐old native tree plantation in Panama. We also estimated changes in the amount of wood produced per unit water transpired (i.e. water use efficiency, WUEwood).3. Annual stand transpiration rates in two‐/three‐species mixtures (464 ± 271 mm year−1) and five‐species mixtures (900 ± 76 mm year−1) were 14% and 56% higher than those of monocultures (398 ± 293 mm year−1), respectively. Trees growing in mixtures had larger diameters, conductive sapwood and basal area than those in monocultures, which partly explained the enhanced stand transpiration in mixtures.4. The five‐species mixtures maintained equally high stand transpiration rates during wet (2·64 ± 0·30 mm day−1) and dry seasons (2·51 ± 0·21 mm day−1), whereas monocultures and two‐species mixtures had significantly lower transpiration rates during the dry season, because of the presence of dry season deciduous species.5. The WUEwood of the five‐species mixtures (2·1 g DM kg−1 H2O) was about half that of either monocultures, two‐ or three‐species mixtures.6. The comparably high stand transpiration rates in the five‐species plots may arise from enhanced vegetation‐atmosphere‐energy exchange through higher canopy roughness and/or complementary use of soil water.7. Synthesis and applications. Stand transpiration increased linearly with tree species richness and basal area in monocultures, two‐ and three‐species mixtures, but the ratio of stand transpiration to basal area was larger for five‐species mixtures. In conclusion, species selection and consideration of species richness and composition is crucial in the design of plantations to maximize wood production while conserving water resources.
cAMP‐CRP co‐ordinates the expression of the protein acetylation pathway with central metabolism in Escherichia coli
Authors: Castaño‐Cerezo Sara , Bernal Vicente , Blanco‐Catalá Jorge , Iborra José L. , Cánovas Manuel 
Published: November 2011

SummaryLysine acetylation is a well‐established post‐translational modification widely conserved and distributed in bacteria. Although multiple regulatory roles have been proved, little is known about its regulation. Here, we present evidence that the transcription of the Gcn5‐like acetyltransferase YfiQ of Escherichia coli (proposed name: PatZ) is regulated by cAMP‐CRP and its implications on acetate metabolism regulation. The acetate scavenging acetyl‐CoA synthetase (Acs) is regulated at the transcriptional and post‐translational levels. Post‐translational regulation depends on a protein acetyltransferase (yfiQ) and an NAD+‐dependent deacetylase (cobB). We have studied their expression under different environmental conditions. cobB is constitutively expressed from a promoter located upstream nagK. The expression of yfiQ occurs from its own promoter; it is upregulated in the stationary phase and in the presence of non‐PTS carbon sources and is positively regulated by cAMP‐CRP. Two putative CRP binding sites are necessary for its full activity. Gene deletion revealed that cobB is essential for growth on acetate, yfiQ deletion restoring growth of the cobB mutant. The fine tuning of metabolic enzymes results from the integration of multiple mechanisms, and redundant systems may exist. Despite the existence of divergent catabolite repression systems, this may be a conserved strategy common to both Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria.