bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of colonic manometry in children with Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Fu Yinan , Gayer Christopher , Gould Michelle , Sicolo Anita R. , Danialifar Tanaz F. , Van Speybroeck Alexander , Ambartsumyan Lusine , Punati Jaya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectives:Abnormal motility of the residual colon has been reported in post‐pull‐through Hirschsprung disease (PT‐HSCR) patients with persistent defecation problems. We reviewed the role of colonic manometry (CM) in the management of defecation disorders in these patients.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical record of PT‐HSCR children who underwent CM for persistent symptoms of abnormal defecation. We reviewed their clinical course and its relation to CM findings.Results:Thirty PT‐HSCR patients underwent CM, of which five were diagnosed with transition zone pull‐through and were excluded. Of the remaining 25 patients, 16 had colonic dysmotility, 8 had normal CM, and one had colonic hypermotility. In patients with dysmotility, five responded to ongoing medical management, three required surgical intervention (ileostomy), three remained symptomatic with medical management but not yet received surgical intervention, and five were lost to follow‐up. In patients with normal CM, four responded to ongoing medical therapy, two required additional surgery (antegrade enema procedure), and two were lost to follow‐up. The patient with hypermotility improved with adding loperamide.Conclusions:Colonic dysmotility can occur in PT‐HSCR patients with persistent defecation problems. CM was helpful in delineating the degree of colonic neuromuscular dysfunction. CM results were used in conjunction with other clinical data to determine optimal management. Our findings support that medical management should first be optimized before consideration of colonic manometry and surgical interventions.
Characterization of initial CLABSI culture results to support antimicrobial de‐escalation in pediatric GI inpatients
Authors: Beckman Martina , Firmenich Emily , Cole Conrad R. , Haslam David B. , Mortensen Joel E. , Courter Joshua D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesCentral Line‐associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSIs) pose a serious mortality and morbidity risk. An institutional protocol was developed for the evaluation and empirical antibiotic treatment of possible CLABSIs. The potential impact of de‐escalating antimicrobial therapy based on initial Gram stain and molecular identification was assessed.MethodsAll positive blood cultures from patients admitted to the gastroenterology service at a large pediatric medical center were collected from 1/1/14 to 12/31/20. Cultures that were negative, repeated, or causative organisms that were unable to be identified with susceptibility data were excluded. Timepoints and organism(s) from each culture were recorded. Polymicrobial cultures were classified as containing only gram‐positive organisms (polymicrobial GP), only gram‐negative organisms (polymicrobial GN), or mixed spectrum.ResultsDuring the 6‐year period, 361 positive blood cultures were included in the study. Single isolates were identified in 79.5% (287/361) of cultures. Polymicrobial cultures from confirmed central line source accounted for 15.0% (54/361), with 6.4% (23/361) Polymicrobial GP, 4.4% (16/361) Polymicrobial GN, and 4.2% (15/361) being mixed‐spectrum cultures. Both organism types were detected on initial gram‐stain in 40% (6/15) of the mixed‐spectrum cultures, another 26.7% (4/15) had the opposite‐spectrum organism identified within an average of <3 h and the remaining 33.3% (5/15) had the opposite‐spectrum organism identified by culture growth.ConclusionsPolymicrobial mixed‐spectrum cultures accounted for <5% of positive blood cultures and most isolates were identified within 3 h of first positivity. This may allow for further investigation of early de‐escalation of therapy for this population and limit antimicrobial exposure.
Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib prevents proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Liu Yi‐Ching , Tseng Yu‐Hsin , Kuan Yu‐Hsin , Wang Lin‐Yen , Huang Shang‐En , Tsai Siao‐Ping , Yeh Jwu‐Lai , Hsu Jong‐Hau 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPulmonary vascular remodeling is a key pathological process of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved proteasome inhibitor for multiple myeloma treatment. Recently, there is emerging evidence showing its effect on reversing PAH, although its mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, anti‐proliferative and anti‐migratory effects of BTZ on PASMCs were first examined by different inducers such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), angiotensin II (Ang II) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB, while potential mechanisms including cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS were then investigated; finally, signal transduction of ERK and Akt was examined. Our results showed that BTZ attenuated FBS‐, Ang II‐ and PDGF‐BB‐induced proliferation and migration, with associated decreased cellular ROS production and mitochondrial ROS production. In addition, the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt induced by Ang II and PDGF‐BB was also inhibited by BTZ treatment. This study indicates that BTZ can prevent proliferation and migration of PASMCs, which are possibly mediated by decreased ROS production and down‐regulation of ERK and Akt. Thus, proteasome inhibition can be a novel pharmacological target in the management of PAH.
Multidrug‐resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in residential aged care facilities: An emerging threat
Authors: Sapula Sylvia A. , Hart Bradley J. , Siderius Naomi L. , Amsalu Anteneh , Blaikie Jack M. , Venter Henrietta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug‐resistant (MDR), Gram‐negative bacterium intrinsically resistant to beta‐lactams, including last‐resort carbapenems. As an opportunistic pathogen, it can cause serious healthcare‐related infections. This study assesses the prevalence, resistance profiles, and genetic diversity of S. maltophilia isolated from residential aged care facilities (RACFs). RACFs are known for their overuse and often inappropriate use of antibiotics, creating a strong selective environment that favors the development of bacterial resistance. The study was conducted on 73 S. maltophilia isolates recovered from wastewater and facility swab samples obtained from three RACFs and a retirement village. Phenotypic and genotypic assessments of the isolates revealed high carbapenem resistance, exemplifying their intrinsic beta‐lactam resistance. Alarmingly, 49.3% (36/73) of the isolates were non‐wild type for colistin, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of > 4 mg/L, and 11.0% (8/73) were resistant to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. No resistance mechanisms were detected for either antimicrobial. Genotypic assessment of known lineages revealed isolates clustering with Sm17 and Sm18, lineages not previously reported in Australia, suggesting the potential ongoing spread of MDR S. maltophilia. Lastly, although only a few isolates were biocide tolerant (2.7%, 2/73), their ability to grow in high concentrations (64 mg/L) of triclosan is concerning, as it may be selecting for their survival and continued dissemination.
How and why do people with chronic low back pain modify their physical activity? A mixed‐methods survey
Authors: Azer George , Gibbs Mitchell T. , Jones Matthew D. , Morrison Natalie M. V. , Azer Anthony , Marshall Paul W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the impact of Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) on individuals' physical activity (PA) behaviours, specifically, how they modify, cease, or continue PA when experiencing CLBP. The primary aim was to explore the relationship between CLBP and PA and how this is influenced in different contexts (e.g., necessity of a task).MethodsA mixed‐methods survey was administered to 220 participants, including self‐reported outcomes, and capturing responses to three distinct questions related to PA and CLBP. The data was analysed via a content analysis.ResultsThe findings revealed that individuals with CLBP are most likely to modify PA in work‐related contexts and least likely to cease it in the same setting. Housework emerged as the most common domain for cessation of PA, while work/study activities were predominantly continued. Reasons for these trends were typically task‐based rather than health or enjoyment based and influenced by the perceived necessity of the task in question.ConclusionThe study highlights the role of occupational and educational settings in individual responses to CLBP. The findings also highlight a gap in public awareness regarding effective CLBP management strategies, emphasising the need for increased education and awareness programs.
Workload prediction based on improved error correlation logistic regression algorithm and Cross‐TRCN of spatiotemporal neural network
Authors: Wan Xin , Huang Xiang , Wang Fuzhi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn view of the randomness of user network usage behavior in data centers, which leads to a large randomness in power load, and considering that a single randomness processing method is usually difficult to fully characterize the uncertain characteristics of the system, this paper proposes a dual fusion prediction analysis model based on an improved error correlation logic regression algorithm and a novel spatiotemporal neural network structure called Cross‐TRCN. Two weight coefficients λ1 and λ2 are introduced to fuse the prediction results with different long‐term sequence prediction performance, thereby further eliminating the influence of random errors. The results show that it is feasible to predict the workload of data centers based on the improved error correlation logic regression algorithm and the innovative spatiotemporal neural network structure Cross‐TRCN.
Exploring the social and cultural values of trees and woodlands in England: A new composite measure
Authors: O'Brien Liz , McConnachie Stephen , Hall Clare , Forster Jack , Dyke Alison , Saraev Vadim , Jones Glyn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExisting research on the social and cultural (S&C) values of treescapes tends to be limited in scope, for example to recreation, aesthetic or health values, and much is primarily qualitative, which provides rich detail but does not lend itself easily to incorporation into decision‐making. Having a way to quantify the range of S&C values associated with treescapes is important if decision‐makers are to effectively take these into account. This issue is particularly important currently with ambitious plans to increase tree cover alongside growing threats to treescapes from climate change and tree pests and diseases.This paper outlines the development of a new composite measure to quantify the S&C values associated with treescapes. The development of the measure resulted in a set of 19 statements across six categories of S&C value.We present results from using the measure in a survey with a representative sample of 5000 people across England together with the results of a factor analysis, which suggests a way to simplify the measure into five statements.We examine the measure through the lens of relational values and suggest that a majority of the values in our measure are relational.Policy implications. The composite measure can be used by decision‐makers looking to develop their evidence base regarding the value of treescapes in their area, or for exploring the impact of tree pests and diseases. It has already been used by more than one local authority in England. While data collection was limited to England, we suggest that the measure is applicable across a wider range of countries.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Juvenile xanthogranuloma manifesting with LCH‐associated neurodegenerative disease‐like radiological findings
Authors: Daifu Tomoo , Umeda Katsutsugu , Yokoyama Atsushi , Yoshida Takeshi , Saida Satoshi , Kato Itaru , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Kudo Ko , Higuchi Yoshihisa , Takita Junko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHere, we describe two patients with juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) manifesting with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)‐associated neurodegenerative disease (ND)‐like radiological findings. One patient showed typical radiological abnormalities at onset, which worsened with progressing central nervous system symptoms 7 years after LCH‐oriented chemotherapy. Another showed spontaneous regression of clinical symptoms, with a transient radiological change 1 year after salvage chemotherapy for recurrence of JXG. These data regarding JXG‐associated ND will facilitate future investigation of the disease, as well as development of therapeutic interventions.
Risk of bleeding amongst warfarin and direct oral anticoagulant users prescribed immediate antibiotics for respiratory tract infection: Cohort study
Authors: Ahmed Haroon , Reeve Nicola , Farewell Daniel , Hamilton Fergus , Ponsford Mark , Hippisley‐Cox Julia , Noble Simon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeIncidence of bleeding amongst warfarin and direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) users is greater following a respiratory tract infection (RTI). It is unclear whether immediate antibiotics modify this association. We estimated the risk of bleeding amongst warfarin and DOAC users with RTI by antibiotic treatment.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD for adults in England prescribed warfarin or a DOAC, who sought primary care for an RTI between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2019. Outcomes were major bleeding (hospital admission for intracranial or gastrointestinal bleeding), and non‐major bleeding (hospital admission or General Practice consult for epistaxis, haemoptysis, or haematuria). Cox models derived hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome, adjusting for confounders using inverse probability of treatment weighting.ResultsOf 14 817 warfarin and DOAC users consulting for an RTI, 8768 (59%) were prescribed immediate antibiotics and 6049 (41%) were not. Approximately 49% were female, and median age was 76 years. Antibiotics were associated with reduced risk of major bleeding (adjusted HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.58). This was consistent across several sensitivity analyses. Antibiotics were also associated with a reduced risk of non‐major bleeding (adjusted HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.99).ConclusionsImmediate antibiotics were associated with reduced risk of bleeding amongst warfarin and DOAC users with an RTI. Further work is needed to understand mechanisms and confirm whether a lower threshold for antibiotic use for RTI in this population may be beneficial.
Farbe im Doppelpack
Authors: Suhr Wilfried , Wengenmayr Roland 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungZum Drucken oder Schreiben werden oftmals Farbstoffe verwendet, die durchscheinend sind. Die Farbe der Farbschicht rührt dann daher, dass sie wie ein Farbfilter wirkt. Einige dieser Farbstoffe besitzen eine Oberflächenfarbe, was sich darin äußert, dass das an ihrer Oberfläche gespiegelte Licht eine andere Farbe hat. Zu dieser Stoffklasse gehörige Farbstoffe absorbieren Licht besonders stark in dem Wellenlängenbereich, in dem sie es an der Oberfläche selektiv reflektieren. Dass dies mit einem anomalen Brechungsvermögen zusammenhängt, wird an einem Beispiel veranschaulicht.
Nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma modified porous polymer adsorbent materials for efficient removal of low‐concentration bisphenol A in liquid
Authors: Chen Chao‐Jun , Li Yi‐Nong , Wang Hong‐Li , Lu Ke , Zheng Zhi , Yuan Hao , Liang Jian‐Ping , Wang Wen‐Chun , Han Li‐Ping , Yang De‐Zheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe efficient removal of low‐concentration endocrine disruptors is crucial for the protection of the aquatic environment. In this study, porous polymer adsorbent materials were modified by nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma to achieve efficient adsorption of low‐concentration bisphenol A (BPA). The removal efficiency of BPA reached 99% after 10 min of plasma modification at a pulse peak voltage of 28 kV, which increased by 25.8% compared to the raw materials. This enhancement was attributed to the increase of active sites and oxygen‐containing functional groups. The adsorption behaviors of the porous polymer materials were primarily dominated by monolayer chemisorption. Subsequently, comparative experiments further verified the high‐efficiency adsorption performance of porous polymer materials after plasma treatment.
Role of Silica, Carbon, and ZnO Nanomaterials in the Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Water Contaminants and Food Dye
Authors: Santra Sampurna , Datta Deepshikha , Biswas Soheli , Das Bimal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSilica‐based nanomaterials have attracted huge attention for maximizing their safety and efficacy due to their nontoxicity, chemical and thermal stability, size tunability, and versatile functionality. Nanosilica with ZnO or carbon in a composite has excellent usage as an electrochemical sensor. Recent technological progression in nanotechnology and nanoscience has seen a number of applications of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials ranging from electronics, and sensing to environmental, and biomedical applications because of its various applications, multifunction, high specific surface area, stability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, electrochemical activities, and so on. Carbon also has various advantageous properties like renewability, low ohmic resistance, and very stable response due to which carbon paste electrodes have attracted attention in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical sensors are inexpensive, portable, and have excellent ability in detecting water contaminants, pesticides, disinfectants, pathogens, and different molecules. Artificial dyes are usually mixed with vegetable sauces, drinks, and other food items, which can cause cancer in human body. Voltametric methods with electrochemical sensors can be used to detect them in food samples. In this review, the present applications of ZnO and carbon nanomaterial‐based chemical sensors are meticulously studied to detect water contaminants and food dyes where nanosilica plays an important role as a sensor modifier.
Persistent racial diversity in neighbourhoods across the United States: Where does it occur?
Authors: Hipp John R. , Kim Jae Hong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile there is a long history of racial change in the United States, and how this plays out within neighbourhoods, a key recurring question is whether some neighbourhoods are able to achieve and maintain racial diversity, or whether they simply transition to dominance by a new racial group. We test and find evidence of 1631 neighbourhoods across the United States from 1980 to 2020 that exhibit persistent racial diversity (PRD), and assess where this PRD occurs. Our analysis shows that PRD neighbourhoods (PRDNs) are likely to be present in counties with more economic opportunities–that is, counties with higher socioeconomic status (SES). PRDNs themselves, however, tend to be relatively lower SES neighbourhoods within relatively higher SES counties, suggesting that affordable locations surrounded by more economic opportunities may have served as an environment in which diversity can persist over a long period of time in the United States.
Resveratrol triggers autophagy‐related apoptosis to inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer via inhibition of FOXQ1
Authors: Zhou MinFeng , Niu HuiFang , Cui DanDan , Huang GuoQuan , Li JinXiao , Tian HaoRan , Xu XiaoJuan , Liang FengXia , Chen Rui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant health problem with elevated mortality rates, prompting intense exploration of its complex molecular mechanisms and innovative therapeutic avenues. Resveratrol (RSV), recognised for its anticancer effects through SIRT1 activation, is a promising candidate for CRC treatment. This study focuses on elucidating RSV's role in CRC progression, particularly its effect on autophagy‐related apoptosis. Using bioinformatics, protein imprinting and immunohistochemistry, we established a direct correlation between FOXQ1 and adverse CRC prognosis. Comprehensive in vitro experiments confirmed RSV's ability to promote autophagy‐related apoptosis in CRC cells. Plasmids for SIRT1 modulation were used to investigate underlying mechanisms. Molecular docking, glutathione‐S‐transferase pull‐down experiments and immunoprecipitation highlighted RSV's direct activation of SIRT1, resulting in the inhibition of FOXQ1 expression. Downstream interventions identified ATG16L as a crucial autophagic target. In vivo and in vitro studies validated RSV's potential for CRC therapy through the SIRT1/FOXQ1/ATG16L pathway. This study establishes RSV's capacity to enhance autophagy‐related cell apoptosis in CRC, positioning RSV as a prospective therapeutic agent for CRC within the SIRT1/FOXQ1/ATG16L pathway.
Skilful multiweek predictions of tropical cyclone frequency in the Northern Hemisphere using ACCESS‐S2
Authors: Camp J. , Gregory P. , Marshall A. G. , Wheeler M. C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe skill of subseasonal (multiweek) forecasts of tropical‐cyclone (TC) occurrence over the Northern Hemisphere is examined in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's (BoM) multiweek to seasonal prediction system, ACCESS‐S2. ACCESS‐S2 shows a good representation of the spatial distribution of TCs in the Northern Hemisphere; however, TC track frequency is generally underpredicted in the western North Pacific to the east of the Philippines and in the eastern North Pacific. The reduced activity relative to observations could be due to a significant positive bias in 850–200‐hPa wind shear in both of these regions, as well as a significant negative sea‐surface temperature (SST) bias in the eastern North Pacific. Despite biases in climatological TC frequency, the observed change in TC track frequency across the Northern Hemisphere with the phase of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is well captured by ACCESS‐S2. Changes in the large‐scale environment (e.g., precipitation, 600‐hPa relative humidity, 850‐hPa absolute vorticity and 850–200‐hPa wind shear) are also well represented, with the location and size of the anomalies comparable to ERA‐Interim, apart from SST which shows a different response during some phases. ACCESS‐S2 shows skill relative to climatology for multiweek predictions of TC occurrence out to week 5 in the western North Pacific, eastern North Pacific and North Atlantic; and out to week 2 for the North Indian Ocean. Assessment of real‐time forecasts for Typhoon Rai (December 2021) showed that ACCESS‐S2 provided good guidance of the development and potential landfall of a TC in the Philippines at four weeks lead time.