bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preclinical validation of an
Escherichia coli
O-antigen glycoconjugate for the prevention of serotype O1 invasive disease
Authors: Chorro Laurent , Ndreu Duston , Patel Axay , Kodali Srinivas , Li Zhenghui , Keeney David , Dutta Kaushik , Sasmal Aniruddha , Illenberger Arthur , Torres C. Lynn , Pan Rosalind , Silmon de Monerri Natalie C. , Chu Ling , Simon Raphael , Anderson Annaliesa S. , Donald Robert G. K. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

A US collection of invasive
Escherichia coli
serotype O1 bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates were assessed for genotypic and phenotypic diversity as the basis for designing a broadly protective O-antigen vaccine. Eighty percent of the BSI isolate serotype O1 strains were genotypically ST95 O1:K1:H7. The carbohydrate repeat unit structure of the O1a subtype was conserved in the three strains tested representing core genome multi-locus sequence types (MLST) sequence types ST95, ST38, and ST59. A long-chain O1a CRM
197
lattice glycoconjugate antigen was generated using oxidized polysaccharide and reductive amination chemistry. Two ST95 strains were investigated for use in opsonophagocytic assays (OPA) with immune sera from vaccinated animals and in murine lethal challenge models. Both strains were susceptible to OPA killing with O1a glycoconjugate post-immune sera. One of these, a neonatal sepsis strain, was found to be highly lethal in the murine challenge model for which virulence was shown to be dependent on the presence of the K1 capsule. Mice immunized with the O1a glycoconjugate were protected from challenges with this strain or a second, genotypically related, and similarly virulent neonatal isolate. This long-chain O1a CRM
197
lattice glycoconjugate shows promise as a component of a multi-valent vaccine to prevent invasive
E. coli
infections.

IMPORTANCE

The
Escherichia coli
serotype O1 O-antigen serogroup is a common cause of invasive bloodstream infections (BSI) in populations at risk such as newborns and the elderly. Sequencing of US BSI isolates and structural analysis of O polysaccharide antigens purified from strains that are representative of genotypic sub-groups confirmed the relevance of the O1a subtype as a vaccine antigen. O polysaccharide was purified from a strain engineered to produce long-chain O1a O-antigen and was chemically conjugated to CRM
197
carrier protein. The resulting glycoconjugate elicited functional antibodies and was protective in mice against lethal challenges with virulent K1-encapsulated O1a isolates.
Utilisation of the health belief model to study the behavioural intentions relating to obesity management among university students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Albasheer Osama , Hakami Nasser , Abdelwahab Siddig Ibrahim , Alqassim Ahmad Y , Alharbi Abdullah , Abdelmola Amani Osman , Altraifi Ahmed Abdallah Ahmed , Medani Isameldin E , Hakami Ahlam Mohammed S , Moafa Mnar H , Abuhadi Rana I , Hobani Alhassan H 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundOverweight and obesity are excessive fat accumulations linked with many health problems, including heart diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Multiple studies have demonstrated that beliefs about overweight, obesity and self-efficacy play essential roles in the success of interventions for obesity management.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the perceptions of university students of overweight and obesity using the health belief model (HBM) and to analyse their association with the body mass index (BMI) categories of the students.DesignA cross-sectional questionnaire-based study and a multistage sampling technique were used to ensure the recruitment of students from selected colleges of Jazan University—Saudi Arabia.SettingSix colleges of Jazan University were randomly selected to ensure equal representation of health sciences, sciences and humanities colleges.ParticipantsA total of 579 students completed an online survey between January and April 2023.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were demographic characteristics and HBM constructs. Secondary outcome measures were behavioural intentions relating to obesity management.ResultsThis study demonstrated that gender and self-reported family history of obesity were significantly correlated with the BMI categories of the students (p <0.001). Students in the underweight category showed the highest mean score for perceived severity (3.62 ±0.08). Perceived self-efficacy in exercise and diet was significantly associated with BMI categories, with adjusted ORs of 2.82 (2.10 to 3.79) and 1.51 (1.09 to 2.09), respectively. Perceived barriers to healthy eating and regular physical activity were significantly related to the behavioural intentions of obesity management. Multivariate logistic regression showed that perceived severity, perceived cues to action, perceived barriers and self-efficacy in dieting and exercise were significant predictors of behavioural intentions for the management of obesity.ConclusionThis study underscores the need for tailored health promotion strategies that consider the perceptions and beliefs of people about the management of obesity.
Burden of COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis hospitalisation patterns at a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan, India: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Rajotiya Sumit , Mishra Shivang , Singh Anurag Kumar , Debnath Sourav , Raj Preeti , Singh Pratima , Bareth Hemant , Nakash Prashant , Sharma Anupama , Singh Mahaveer , Nathiya Deepak , Joshi Nalin , Tomar Balvir Singh 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) trends, patient demographics, disease types and hospitalisation duration within the Respiratory Medicine Department over three distinct phases: pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 and post-COVID-19.DesignRetrospective analysis using electronic medical records of patients with TB admitted between June 2018 and June 2023 was done to explore the impact of COVID-19 on patients with TB. The study employed a meticulous segmentation into pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 eras.SettingNational Institute of Medical Science Hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome includes patients admitted to the Respiratory Medicine Department of the hospital and secondary outcome involves the duration of hospital stay.ResultsThe study encompassed 1845 subjects across the three eras, revealing a reduction in TB incidence during the post-COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID-19 period (p<0.01). Substantial demographic shifts were observed, with 5.2% decline in TB incidence among males in the post-COVID-19 era (n=529) compared with the pre-COVID-19 era (n=606). Despite the decrease, overall TB incidence remained significantly higher in males (n=1460) than females (n=385), with consistently elevated rates in rural (65.8%) as compared with the urban areas (34.2%). Extended hospital stays were noted in the post-COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID-19 era (p<0.01).ConclusionThe study underscores the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the TB landscape and hospitalisation dynamics. Notably, patient burden of TB declined during the COVID-19 era, with a decline in the post-COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID-19 era. Prolonged hospitalisation in the post-COVID-19 period indicates the need for adaptive healthcare strategies and the formulation of public health policies in a post-pandemic context. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the evolving TB scenario, emphasising the necessity for tailored healthcare approaches in the aftermath of a global health crisis.
Acute watery diarrhoea cases during cholera outbreak in Syria: a cohort study
Authors: Arnaout Ahmad Yamen , Nerabani Yaman , Sawas Mohamad Nabhan , Alhejazi Tala Jouma , Farho Mohamad Ali , Arnaout Khaled , Alshaker Hassan , Shebli Baraa , Helou Mostafa , Mobaied Bashir Badawi , Mouti Mohamad Bassel , Kady Fares , Aljarad Ziad 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is a descriptive presentation of cases of acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) that were presented to Aleppo University Hospital (AUH) during the recent cholera outbreak in Syria.DesignProspective, observational, cohort study.Setting and participantsA total of 1061 patients with AWD were admitted to AUH during the timeframe of 20 September 2022 to 20 October 2022. The data collection was done through a structured questionnaire. This includes comprehensive clinical observation, laboratory analyses, therapeutic interventions and holistic case evaluations.ResultsThe analysis has revealed notable insights: a predominant proportion of patients (58.6%) were residents from urban areas and 40.3% were residents from rural areas. Intriguingly, a diverse range of potential infection sources emerged from patient data within our hospital, including uncontrolled well water, vegetables and faecal-oral transmission through contaminated street/fast food. At discharge, most patients were in good health (79.7%), followed by moderate health (17.6%) and poor health (2.3%), with a minimal percentage dying before discharge (0.4%). The most common complications reported at admission and during hospitalisation included electrolyte imbalance (28.2%), followed by severe dehydration (16.3%). In the follow-up period, the majority of patients exhibited good health (81.0%). Older patients (>60 years) had poorer outcomes, with 8.4% having poor health and 4.2% death rate.ConclusionsThe study found results consistent with previous AWD outbreaks in developing countries like Yemen, Nigeria and Lebanon. Preventative measures like improving water sanitation and hygiene practices are essential to prevent future outbreaks and ease the strain on healthcare systems. Therefore, future studies must investigate the risk factors that increase the spread and the severity of the disease and investigate the best management method.
Impact of molecular ciprofloxacin resistance testing in management of gonorrhoea in a large urban clinic
Authors: Goldstein Emily , Moss Elizabeth , Bennett-Slater Susan , Ferguson Lynne , McInally Carol , McHugh Martin , Maxwell Alexandra , Winter Andrew , Gunson Rory N 
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhoea is of significant public health concern with the emergence of resistance to last-line therapies such as ceftriaxone. Despite around half of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
isolates tested in the UK being susceptible to ciprofloxacin, very little ciprofloxacin is used in clinical practice. Testing for the S91F mutation associated with ciprofloxacin resistance is now available in CE-marked assays and may reduce the requirement for ceftriaxone, but many patients are treated empirically, or as sexual contacts, which may limit any benefit. We describe the real-world impact of such testing on antimicrobial use and clinical outcomes in people found to have gonorrhoea in a large urban UK sexual health clinic.

Methods

Molecular ciprofloxacin resistance testing (
ResistancePlus
GC assay (SpeeDx)) was undertaken as an additional test after initial diagnosis (
m
2000 Realti
m
e CT/NG assay (Abbott Molecular)) in those not already known to have had antimicrobial treatment. Data from a 6-month period (from March to September 2022) were analysed to determine treatment choice and treatment outcome.

Results

A total of 998 clinical samples tested positive for
N. gonorrhoeae
in 682 episodes of infection. Of the 560 (56%) samples eligible for resistance testing, 269 (48.0%) were reported as wild-type, 180 (32.1%) were predicted to be resistant, 63 (11.3%) had an indeterminate resistance profile, and in 48 (8.6%) samples,
N
.
gonorrhoeae
was not detected. Ciprofloxacin was prescribed in 172 (75%) of 228 episodes in which the wild-type strain was detected. Four (2%) of those treated with ciprofloxacin had a positive test-of-cure sample by NAAT, with no reinfection risk. All four had ciprofloxacin-susceptible infection by phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Conclusions
In routine practice in a large UK clinic, molecular ciprofloxacin resistance testing led to a significant shift in antibiotic use, reducing use of ceftriaxone. Testing can be targeted to reduce unnecessary additional testing. Longer term impact on antimicrobial resistance requires ongoing surveillance.
Bogomol’nyi-like equations in gravity theories
Authors: Atmaja Ardian Nata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing the Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield Lagrangian method, we show that gravity theory coupled to matter in various dimensions may possess Bogomol’nyi-like equations, which are first-order differential equations, satisfying the Einstein equations and the Euler–Lagrange equations of classical fields (U(1) gauge and scalar fields). In particular we consider static and spherically symmetric solutions by taking proper ansatzes and then we find an effective Lagrangian density that can reproduce the Einstein equations and the Euler–Lagrange equations of the classical fields. We consider the BPS Lagrangian density to be linear function of first-order derivative of all the fields. From these two Lagrangian desities we are able to obtain the Bogomol’nyi-like equations whose some of solutions are well-known such as Schwarzschild, Reissner–Nordström, Tangherlini black holes, and the recent black holes with scalar hair in three dimensions (Phys. Rev. D 107, 124047). Using these Bogomol’nyi-like equations, we are also able to find new solutions for scalar hair black holes in three and four dimensional spacetime. Furthermore we show that the Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield Lagrangian method can provide a simple alternative proof of black holes uniqueness theorems in any dimension.
Image of Kerr–de Sitter black holes illuminated by equatorial thin accretion disks
Authors: Wang Ke , Feng Chao-Jun , Wang Towe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo explore the influence of the cosmological constant on black hole images, we have developed a comprehensive analytical method for simulating images of Kerr–de Sitter black holes illuminated by equatorial thin accretion disks. Through the application of explicit equations, we simulate images of Kerr–de Sitter black holes illuminated by both prograde and retrograde accretion disks, examining the impact of the cosmological constant on their characteristic curves, relative sizes, and observed intensities. Our findings reveal that, in comparison to Kerr black holes, the cosmological constant not only diminishes the relative size of a black hole but also amplifies its luminosity. Moreover, an observer’s relative position in the universe ($$r_0/r_C$$

r
0

/

r
C

) can influence both the relative size and luminosity of a black hole, where $$r_0$$

r
0

is the distance from the observer to the black hole, $$r_C$$

r
C

is the cosmological horizon determined by the value of the cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$
Λ
.
Higher-order gravity, finite action, and a safe beginning for the universe
Authors: Lehners Jean-Luc , Stelle K. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGeneral relativity allows for inhomogeneous and anisotropic universes with finite action. By contrast, in quadratic gravity such solutions obtain infinite action and are thus eliminated. What remains are homogeneous and isotropic solutions undergoing accelerated expansion, thereby automatically inducing an early inflationary phase. In this manner, semi-classical consistency may explain some of the basic, coarse-grained features of the early universe. This includes suitable initial conditions for the second law of thermodynamics, in the spirit of the Weyl curvature hypothesis. We note that quadratic gravity is a renormalisable theory and may admit an asymptotically safe regime at high energies, rendering the theory trustworthy to high energies. We also comment on theories containing curvature terms up to infinite derivative order, and on the contrast with no-boundary initial conditions.
Conditions on detecting tripartite entangled state in psychophysical experiments
Authors: Gassab Lea , Pedram Ali , Müstecaplıoğlu Özgür E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the sensitivity of the human visual system to quantum entangled light. We examine the possibility of human subjects perceiving multipartite entangled state through psychophysical experiments. Our focus begins with a bipartite entangled state to make a comparative study with the literature by taking into account additive noise for false positive on bipartite entanglement perception by humans. After that, we limit our similar investigation to a tripartite entangled state for simplicity in higher dimensions. To model the photodetection by humans, we employ the probability of seeing determined for coherently amplified photons in Fock number states, including an additive noise. Our results indicate that detecting bipartite and tripartite entanglement with the human eye is possible for a certain range of additive noise levels and visual thresholds. Finally, we discuss several alternative amplification methods.
Graphical abstract
Atom-Scaled Hafnium Doping for Strengthening the Germanium Oxide Interfacial Layer of The Gate Stack of Germanium P-Type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Li Hui-Hsuan , Chen Shang-Chiun , Lin Yu-Hsien , Chien Chao-Hsin 
Published: May 2024

We have developed a method that uses a half-cycle Hf precursor adsorption to subtly dope GeO2 IL of the Hf-based gate stack through in situ plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. This technique can effectively reduce GeO vaporization and improve the thermal stability of the GeO2 layer. Our results indicated that the accumulation capacitance (Cacc) undergoing higher temperatures showed no noticeable increase in the capacitance-voltage (CV) curves once Hf was delicately introduced into the GeO2 layer. According to the Ge 3d spectra of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we found that the IL had a signal from extra Hf-O bonds; thus, we conclude GeO evaporation can be suppressed substantially by Hf incorporation. As a result, adding metal into GeOx IL to form HfGeOx achieved a remarkably low leakage current of 9 × 10−5 A cm−2 and the lowest interface trap density (Dit) of approximately 2 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2 at 500 °C of PMA. In addition, applying this gate stack structure to device fabrication significantly reduced the leakage current of the off-state and improved the effective peak hole mobility.
Aspirin Metabolites and Mammographic Breast Density in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Singh Ramkrishna K. , Getz Kayla R. , Kyeyune Joy K. , Jeon Myung S. , Luo Chongliang , Luo Jingqin , Toriola Adetunji T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Studies investigating the associations of self-reported aspirin use and mammographic breast density (MBD) have reported conflicting results. Therefore, we investigated the associations of aspirin metabolites with MBD in premenopausal women.

Methods:
We performed this study on 705 premenopausal women who had a fasting blood draw for metabolomic profiling. We performed covariate-adjusted linear regression models to calculate the least square means of volumetric measures of MBD [volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and nondense volume (NDV)] by quartiles of aspirin metabolites [salicyluric glucuronide, 2-hydroxyhippurate (salicylurate), salicylate, and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid].

Results:
Approximately 13% of participants reported taking aspirin in the past 12 months. Aspirin users had higher levels of 2-hydroxyhippurate (salicylurate), salicylate, and salicyluric glucuronide (peak area) than nonusers, but only the mean peak area of salicyluric glucuronide was increased by both dose (1–2 tablets per day = 1,140,663.7 and ≥3 tablets per day = 1,380,476.0) and frequency (days per week: 1 day = 888,129.3, 2–3 days = 1,199,897.9, and ≥4 days = 1,654,637.0). Aspirin metabolites were not monotonically associated with VPD, DV, or NDV.

Conclusions:
Given the null results, additional research investigating the associations of aspirin metabolites in breast tissue and MBD is necessary.
Impact: Elucidating the determinants of MBD, a strong risk factor for breast cancer, can play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Future studies should determine the associations of nonaspirin NSAID metabolites with MBD.
Circulação de sentidos em textos noticiosos sobre mortes pela pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Borelli Viviane , Frigo Diosana , Romero Luan Moraes 
Published: May 2024

Analisa-se a circulação de sentidos no circuito comunicacional formado em torno de textos noticiosos sobre marcos no número de mortes por covid-19 no Brasil. Inspirou-se nos conceitos de José Luiz Braga sobre dispositivos interacionais e da circulação como fluxos adiante e de Eliseo Verón sobre a complexidade dos processos de produção de sentidos nas sociedades em midiatização. Foram realizados dois movimentos metodológicos e analíticos: um para compreender os sentidos produzidos nos textos, com utilização do software de análise lexicométrica Iramuteq, e outro para descrever as processualidades dos fluxos comunicacionais. Defendemos que as métricas relacionadas aos dados de pesquisa devem ser tensionadas com contextos mais amplos.
External Validation of Updated Prediction Models for Neurological Outcomes at 90 Days in Patients With Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Nishioka Norihiro , Yamada Tomoki , Nakao Shunichiro , Yoshiya Kazuhisa , Park Changhwi , Nishimura Tetsuro , Ishibe Takuya , Yamakawa Kazuma , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Kishimoto Masafumi , Ninomiya Kohei , Ito Yusuke , Sogabe Taku , Morooka Takaya , Sakamoto Haruko , Hironaka Yuki , Onoe Atsunori , Matsuyama Tasuku , Okada Yohei , Matsui Satoshi , Yoshimura Satoshi , Kimata Shunsuke , Kawai Shunsuke , Makino Yuto , Zha Ling , Kiyohara Kosuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Iwami Taku ,   the CRITICAL Study Group Investigators
Published: May 2024

Background
Few prediction models for individuals with early‐stage out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have undergone external validation. This study aimed to externally validate updated prediction models for OHCA outcomes using a large nationwide dataset.

Methods and Results

We performed a secondary analysis of the JAAM‐OHCA (Comprehensive Registry of In‐Hospital Intensive Care for Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest) registry. Previously developed prediction models for patients with cardiac arrest who achieved the return of spontaneous circulation were updated. External validation was conducted using data from 56 institutions from the JAAM–OHCA registry. The primary outcome was a dichotomized 90‐day cerebral performance category score. Two models were updated using the derivation set (n=3337). Model 1 included patient demographics, prehospital information, and the initial rhythm upon hospital admission; Model 2 included information obtained in the hospital immediately after the return of spontaneous circulation. In the validation set (n=4250), Models 1 and 2 exhibited a C‐statistic of 0.945 (95% CI, 0.935–0.955) and 0.958 (95% CI, 0.951–0.960), respectively. Both models were well‐calibrated to the observed outcomes. The decision curve analysis showed that Model 2 demonstrated higher net benefits at all risk thresholds than Model 1. A web‐based calculator was developed to estimate the probability of poor outcomes (
https://pcas‐prediction.shinyapps.io/90d_lasso/
).

Conclusions
The updated models offer valuable information to medical professionals in the prediction of long‐term neurological outcomes for patients with OHCA, potentially playing a vital role in clinical decision‐making processes.