bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Immunologic Response to Experimental Infection with Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Lambs
Authors: Masot A. J. , Gomez L. , Gomez‐Tejedor C. , Martinez S. , Redondo E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn experimental model was designed to study the humoral immune response in lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), 25 Merino lambs of both sexes, with a live weight of 17 ± 3 kg, received an intratracheal inoculation of 20 ml. saline solution containing 1.26 times 106TCID50BRSV (strain NMK‐7) per ml. Blood samples for serological analysis were collected from the jugular vein of the animals on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15 post inoculation. Serum proteins were determined by electrophoresis, and a qualitative and quantitative analysis of immunoglobulins (Ig) was carried out using immunoelectrophoresis (IE) and light nephelometry, respectively. Serum anti‐BRSV antibody levels were tested by enzimelinked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Lambs were necropsied 1, 3, 7, 11 and 15 postinoculation days (p.i.d.), and samples were taken for immunohistochemical analysis. IgA, IgG and IgM were labelled on paraffin‐embedded lung sections using an avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex. Results reflected an increase in gamma fractions in experimental animals with respect to controls. IE analysis of these sera revealed a polyclonal increase in immunoglobulins. Nephelometric examination showed an increase in serum IgA, IgG an IgM levels up to 7 p.i.d., coinciding closely with high titres for humoral virus antibodies. After 9 p.i.d., titres and immunoglobulin levels both fell. Immunoglobulin labelling in formol‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded lung tissue samples detected IgG and IgA, mainly in bronchial, bronchiolar and alveolar epithelia. IgM, however, was not detected in the lungs of infected animals.
Effects of Concurrent Oral Administration of Monensin and Selenium on Some Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Khan M. Z. , Szarek J. , Saeed M. , Koncicki A. , Krasnodebska‐Depta A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMonensin and selenium (sodium selenite) at different toxic levels were administered orally to the broiler chickens for variable periods. A depression in haematological parameters and biochemical ones such as alanine and aspertate aminotransferase, serum total protein and cholesterol were recorded in acute and subacute toxicosis of these substances. The present experiments led to the conclusion that concurrent administration of selenium and monensin at toxic levels resulted in exasperated toxic response in broiler chickens which in turn had been produced by embellishment of toxicosis inducing properties of both examined substances.
Growth Curve, Capsule Expression and Characterization of the Capsular Material of Selected Strains ofStreptococcus uberis
Authors: Almeida R. A. , Oliver S. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe pattern of lectin agglutination, expression of capsule during the growth curve, and chemical composition of the capsule were examined in strains ofStreptococcus uberisisolated from bovine mastitis. Lectin agglutination was conducted on 40 strains ofS. uberisand 82.5% and 77.5% of the strains showed agglutination titers (≥ 1:128) with wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A, respectively. Capsule expression during the growth curve and its chemical composition was determined in one strain ofS. uberis(UT 101), using a nonencapsulated strain ofS. uberis(UT 102) as a negative control. Both strains were grown in Todd‐Hewitt Broth (THB) with and without 20% milk whey. Strain UT 101 grown in THB or THB with 20% whey showed maximum numbers of colony forming units per ml (cfu/ml) at 12 hours, with a lag phase ending after 2 hours of growth. Maximum cfu/ml of UT 102 in THB was at 14 hours and 16 hours in THB 20% whey with a lag phase that ended at 2 hours of growth. Higher number of viable bacteria and increased capsule expression of UT 101 were detected in suspensions grown in THB 20% whey than in THB alone. Capsule expression ofS. uberisUT 101 was maximal at 10 hours and decreased after 12 hours of growth. In contrast,S. uberisUT 102 showed negligible percentage (< 2%) of encapsulated bacteria during the entire growth curve. Chemical analysis of capsular material and the pattern of lectin agglutination suggest that hyaluronic acid is the major component. These results will be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of infections caused byS. uberis.
Antiphagocytic Effect of the Capsule ofStreptococcus uberis
Authors: Almeida R. A. , Oliver S. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNon‐opsonized encapsulated and non‐encapsulated strains ofStreptococcus uberiswere incubated with bovine mammary macrophages and the percentage of phagocytosis and intracellular killing were determined. Seventy‐seven percent of macrophages ingested non‐encapsulated organisms with a killing rate of 75 %. In contrast, 48 % of macrophages ingested encapsulated bacteria with a killing rate of 35 %. When strains were opsonized with homologous antiserum, differences were detected in the percentage of phagocytosis (84 %vs.48 %) and intracellular killing (52 %vs.35 %) of the encapsulated strain only. Effects were partially abolished when antiserum was absorbed with purified capsule, or when macrophages were pre‐treated with purified capsular material. Electron microscopy of mammary macrophages incubated with the encapsulated strain ofS. uberisshowed the microorganism in contact with the macrophage cell membrane without signs of membrane activation. In contrast, the non‐encapsulated strain induced formation of pseudopods and membrane ruffling. These results suggest that capsule may protectS. uberisfrom phagocytosis which may be due to a direct interaction of capsular material with macrophages.
Microbiological Quality of French Yogurts Commercialized in Spain
Authors: Lopez Carmen , Rodriguez Valle , Medina L. M. , Barrios Maria J. , Jordano R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe microbiological quality has been evaluated in 6 batches of yogurt (plain, flavoured and fruit‐added) produced commercially in France and purchased in Spain. The essential microflora: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and contaminants (coliform bacteria, yeasts and molds) were checked. The pH was also measured. The totality of the samples tested fulfilled French and Spanish regulation with respect to the presence of viable yogurt organisms. Likewise, in 100 % of the yogurts, counts of contaminants were under 10 cfu/g. The pH ranged between 3.92 and 4.19.
Intranasal Vaccination of Pups with Maternally Derived Antibodies with a Modified Live Canine Parvovirus
Authors: Buonavoglia C. , Cavalli A. , Gravino E. , Voigt V. , Buonavoglia D. , de Caprariis D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe modified live canine parvovirus (CPV) vaccine was used to vaccinate intranasally twenty‐five pups with maternal antibody. The vaccine was able to overcome the interference of maternal immunity in rates of 100 %, 72.7 % and 17.6 % in pups with haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre of 40, 80 and 160 respectively.
Some Biological and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Porcine Circovirus
Authors: Allan G. M. , Phenix K. V. , Todd D. , McNulty M. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySome important biological and physico‐chemical characteristics of porcine circovirus are reported. These include a study on the host distribution in nature, levels of colostrum‐derived antibodies in piglets from sero‐positive sows and the susceptibility of a range of cell cultures to infection with this virus. The results of haemagglutination studies, resistance to pH 3, chloroform and heat are also reported as are comparative buoyant densities and sedimentation coefficients of porcine circovirus and chicken anaemia virus.
Spontaneous Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Goats: Pathological Findings
Authors: Redondo E. , Masot A. J. , Martinez S. , Jimenez A. , Gazquez A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis paper presents the results of a study of eight cases of natural bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in a herd of 50 Murciana kids from a intensive goat‐farm in Spain.Clinical and pathological analysis confirmed the existence of natural BRSV infection in eight kids. In two of the eight animals there was also evidence of concurrent infection withP. haemolytica A.
Trenbolone Acetate Induced Changes in the Genital Tract of Male Pigs
Authors: López‐Bote C. , Sancho G. , Martínez M. , Ventanas J. , Gázquez A. , Roncero V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEleven entire and twelve castrated male pigs were implanted with trenbolone acetate and the effects of the treatment on genital tract macro‐ and microscopical modifications were evaluated and compared to non‐implanted animals. In entire male pigs a reduction of testicular weight and size was observed as a consequence of the treatment (<0.001), but no important modifications were found in bulbourethral gland and seminal vesicles macroscopically. Castrated non‐implanted males had bulbourethral gland atrophy (P < 0.01), while castrated implanted ones showed similar development to entire males. As for vesicular glands there were no significant differences among the four groups under study. Histological study of prostate has demonstrated structural modifications. As a consequence of the treatment glandular lumen was increased (P < 0.05), and most parenchima was occupied by polimorphous cysts.
Clinical Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Norfloxacin Nicotinate in Swine Following Systemic Administration
Authors: Shem‐Tov M. , Ziv G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNorfloxacin nicotinate (NFN) is a new water‐soluble fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Thein vitroactivity of NFN for microorganisms isolated from swine and the pharmacokinetic properties of NFN following single intravenous (i. v.), intramuscular (i. m.) and subcutaneous (s. c.) administration were investigated.The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) of NFN for a wide range of reference (ATCC ‐ American Type Culture Collection) microbial swine isolates, comprising 21 bacterial and 5 mycoplasmal species, ranged between 0.03 μg/ml (forSalmonella cholerasuisandActinobacillus pleuropneumonia) and 12.5 μg/ml (forStreptococcus porcinus). The MIC of NFN forMycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the causative agent of enzootic pneumonia of pigs, was <1.0 μg/ml althoughM. hyosynoviaewas less sensitive, with a MIC value of 3.12 μg/ml. The MIC values of the drug for swine field isolates, comprising 8 bacterial species, were in good agreement with the values determined for the corresponding ATCC strains. Pharmacokinetic values for NFN were calculated following i. v. administration at 7.0 mg/kg and i. m. and s. c. administration at 14.0 mg/kg in a 3‐way cross over study involving 6 pigs. Plasma concentrations of unchanged drug were determined by HPLC during 24 h post injection. Plasma NFN concentrations measured after i. v. dosing best fitted a 2‐compartment open system pharmacokinetic model. The harmonic mean distribution half‐life (t1/2α) and elimination half‐life (t1/2β) were 4.2 minutes and 2.1 h, respectively. The mean residence time (MRT) was 2.9 ± 0.6 h and the steady state volume of distribution (Vss) was 3.2 ± 0.1 ***l/kg. The mean t1/2βvalues after either i. m. or s. c. administration were 4.45 h with very rapid absorption rates (< 15 min to peak plasma drug concentration). Bioavailability was 51–64 %. Less than 20 % and 25 % of the dose were excreted in the urine as parent drug during the first 24 h after i. v. and s. c. dosing, respectively whereas the amount of unchanged drug recovered in the feces was very small (1.3 to 1.6 % of the dose).The pharmacokinetic and MIC data generated in the course of the present study suggest that a dose schedule of 14.0 mg/kg injected i. m. or s. c. every 24 h is capable of achieving and maintaining tissue drug concentrations of potential therapeutic value for the treatment of the most common bacterial and mycoplasmal infections in swine.
A Slow‐spreading Mild Form of Camel Pox Infection
Authors: Alhendi A. B. , Abuelzein E. M. E. , Gameel A. A. , Hassanein M. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA slow‐spreading mild form of camel‐pox involving range camels in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia was described. The morbidity rate was 10 % while the case fatality rate was zero per cent. Camel pox virus was isolated and identified, and the histopathological picture of the lesions was also described. The epidemiological peculiarities of the disease were discussed.
Antibacterial Susceptibility of Bovine‐mastitis Pathogens Tested Directly in Milk from Infected Quarters
Authors: Louhi‐Lehtiö M. , Sandholm M. , Myllys V. , Honkanen‐Buzalski T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAntibacterial susceptibilities of bovine‐mastitis pathogens were analysed directly in 57 mastitic milk samples without inoculation with exogenous organisms. Aseptically collected milk was mixed with serial dilutions of antibacterials and the growth was observed using 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction the following day. The results were compared with those obtained by using calibrated bacterial inocula in turbidimetric minimum‐inhibitory‐concentration (MIC) determination in broth cultures, and in TTC‐broth culture‐test and TTC‐normal milk‐test.The results of different methods all correlated positively when the entire data was used. However, taking the direct test in mastitic milk as the ‘true’ result, the total discrepancies varied from 34.7 % to 48.8 %. Antibacterial activities of the trimethoprim‐sulphadoxine combination, and of spiramycin and ampicillin, decreased significantly when nutrient broth was replaced by milk as the test medium. The efficacy of trimethoprim‐sulphadoxine as an antibacterial agent was also dependent on the source of milk.
Effect of Adjuvant Formulations on the Induction of Virus‐neutralizing and Virus‐binding Antibodies by Chemosynthetic Peptides of VP1 of Foot‐and‐Mouth‐ Disease Virus
Authors: Liebermann Ht. , Bartels T. , Reimann Ilona , Mundt Barbara 
Published: May 2010

SummarySynthetic peptides corresponding to the 141–160 amino acid sequence of the protein VP1 of virus type O1 Kaufbeuren (O1K) and A5 Riems (A5R) were conjugated to thyroglobulin and mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) together with Quil A. Although the peptide of A5R, together with IFA and Quil A, or with CFA, elicited a high antibody response to the virus in the ELISA, formula containing both IFA and Quil A induced only high titres of virus‐neutralizing antibodies in rabbits. These adjuvant formulas did not display significant differences with regard to side effects.
Isolation of Mycoplasmas from Clinically Healthy Adult Breeding Geese in Germany
Authors: Hinz K.‐H. , Pfützner H. , Behr K.‐P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCloacal swabs from adult breeding geese of both sexes from six separate farms were culturally examined for mycoplasmas. Geese from these flocks did not show any clinical signs of illness, increased mortality or drop in egg production during the reproductive season.The results revealed the presence of mycoplasmas in all the flocks tested. Mycoplasma (M.) cloacale was found in 6 flocks, M. anseris in 4 flocks, Mycoplasma species 1220 in 3 flocks and non‐identifiable Mycoplasmas in 2 flocks. More than one Mycoplasma species was simultaneously isolated from 14 out of 37 geese.
Detection of Canine Parvovirus DNA in Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Truyen U. , Platzer G. , Parrish C. R. , Hänichen T. , Hermanns W. , Kaaden O.‐R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCanine Parvovirus (CPV) is seemingly a ‘new’ virus which suddenly appeared during the mid‐1970's in an epizootic of disease in dogs. The virus is very similar to the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), and recent studies have underlined the possible emergence of CPV as a variant of a virus from some other carnivore—possibly from FPV (Parrish, 1990). Several conserved amino‐acid changes between CPV and FPV isolates have been defined by cloning and sequencing the capsid‐protein gene. An alternative to cloning and sequencing the entire capsid‐protein gene would be to use PCR amplification of short regions of the gene containing the appropriate variable amino‐acid codons. In addition, use of PCR would also facilitate the study of virus samples which cannot be recovered as infectious agents, e.g. after having undergone formalaldehyde fixation and paraffin‐embedding procedures. This study reports on the amplification of CPV DNA from 15‐year‐old tissue sections which have been prepared by formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde‐lysine‐periodate‐glutaraldehyde fixation, using PCR with various primer pairs within the capsid‐protein gene of CPV.ZusammenfassungDas canine Parvovirus ist ein junges Virus, das zum ersten Mal in Jahr 1978 im Rahmen einer pandemischen infektiösen Gastroenteritis in Hunden isoliert wurde. Das Virus ist dem lange bekannten felinen Panleukopenie‐Virus sehr ähnlich, und jüngere Untersuchungen unter‐streichen eine mögliche Entstehung des CPV aus einem Virus eines Karnivoren, möglicherweise aus FPV (Parrish, 1990). Mehrere konservierte Aminosäureaustausche im Kapsidprotein von FPV und CPV konnten nach Klonierung und Sequenzierung des Kapsidproteingens festgestellt werden. Eine Alternative zur Plasmid‐Klonierung des gesamten Kapsidproteingens stellt die Amplifikation kurzer, die variablen Aminosäuren kodierender Genombereiche durch die Polymerase‐Ketten‐Reaktion (PCR) dar. Weiterhin bietet die PCR die Möglichkeit, Viren zu untersuchen, die nicht mehr in infektiöser Form verfügbar sind, z.B. nach Formalinfixierung und Paraffinein‐bettung. Hier wird die Amplifikation von CPV DNA aus 15‐Jahre‐alten Formalinoder Paraformaldehyd‐Lysin‐Perjodat‐Glutaraldehyd fixierten‐Gewebsschnitten, mittels PCR und verschiedener Primerpaare aus dem Kapsidproteingen des CPV beschrieben.
Hygienic Aspects of the Production and Agricultural Use of Animal Wastes1
Authors: Strauch D. , Ballarini G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRegarding the hygienic aspects of the production and use of animal wastes, further research on the following aspects is essential: pathogenic agents present in residues of animal production in the context of transmissible multifactorial diseases and the epidemiology of pathogens under different ecological conditions; recycling of toxic agents, e.g., copper, selenium and iodine, in animal wastes in the context of the food chain from soil to humans; hygienic effects of animal wastes on water as regards the standards required by medical authorities; effects of agents used to increase animal production, or used for medicinal purposes, which are present as residues in animal excreta and may be hazardous to public health; effects of animal excreta on microbiological processes in the soil; effects of dust and airborne microbial emissions from animal production, and finally, processes of self‐disinfection of manure and livestock slurry during storage as a means of reducing the amounts of chemical disinfectants used, of reducing environmental pollution, and of studying the application of biotechnological methods to disinfect manure and livestock slurry, this study being of particular importance.
Effect of Terdecamycin on Experimentally InducedMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeInfection in Pigs
Authors: Ueda Y. , Ohtsuki S. , Narukawa N. , Takeda K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of terdecamycin, a new antibiotic, was evaluated on experimentally inducedMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeinfection in pigs. Tylosin and josamycin were used as the positive control drugs. Five to 7‐week‐old pigs were inoculated intranasally with homogenate of pig lung lesions containingM. hyopneumoniae.In experiments 1 and 2, drugs were given in feed for 42 days, from 7 days before inoculation to 35 days after inoculation, and necropsy was carried out 35 days after inoculation. In experiment 3, drugs were given in feed for 10 days, from 3 days before inoculation to 7 days after inoculation and necropsy was carried out 28 days after inoculation. Drug efficacy was evaluated on the basis of clinical signs, lung lesions, (including percentage of gross lung lesion area), isolation ofM. hyopneumoniaeand growth performance data.The total number of days on which coughing was observed and the mean percentage of lung lesion area in pigs given feed containing terdecamycin at 50 ppm or above were lower than those in unmedicated control pigs. Average daily weight gain in terdecamycin‐treated pigs was higher than that in unmedicated control pigs. Treatment with terdecamycin showed equal or better efficacy as compared with treatment with tylosin or josamycin.
Identification of Moraxella bovis and Related Species from Calves with IBK and Goats by Qualitative Genetic Transformation Assay
Authors: Kodjo A. , Exbrayat P. , Richard Y. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEight Moraxella bovis strains isolated from bovine pink eye, 16 Moraxella bovis related strains isolated from healthy goats nasal flora, one nonhemolytic Moraxella sp. isolated from bovine conjunctivitis and different collection strains of Moraxella and Branhamella genus were studied through the combined use of qualitative genetic transformation assay and the ability to grow on a Moraxella bovis defined medium (medium MB). Crude DNA extracted from the strains studied were used to transform two mutant auxotroph competent strains of Moraxella bovis CIP 103741 and CIP 103743. Non‐specific positive transformation was obtained with mutant assay strain CIP 103743 when treated with DNA from caprine or bovine Moraxella strains, collection strains of Moraxella bovis, Moraxella lacunata, Moraxella nonliquefaciens and strains of Branhamella genus, whereas specific transformation was observed with mutant assay CIP 103741 when treated only with DNA from all the Moraxella bovis (collection and clinical isolates) and 14 of the 16 caprine Moraxella bovis related strains. The specificity and the simplicity of the test make it suitable for use in clinical laboratories.RésuméHuit souches de Moraxella bovis isolées de conjonctivite infectieuse bovine, seize souches apparentées à Moraxella bovis d'origine caprine, une souche de Moraxella sp. nonhemolytic et diverses souches de collection de Moraxella et de Branhamella ont été étudiées par l'utilisation combinée de test qualitatif de transformation génétique et de croissance sur milieu défini (milieu MB). L'ADN des souches étudiées a servi à transformer deux souches mutantes auxotrophes de Moraxella bovis (CIP 103741 et CIP 103743). Des transformations non spécifiques ont été obtenues avec la souche mutante CIP 103743 traitée par l'ADN de Moraxella bovis, Moraxella lacunata, Moraxella nonliquefaciens, Branhamella sp. et l'ADN des souches caprines et bovines. A l'inverse, seul l'ADN des souches de Moraxella bovis a transformé significativement la souche mutante CIP 103741. Un résultat positif a été obtenu avec les huit souches bovines de Moraxella bovis isolées de conjonctivite bovine et quatorze des seize souches d'origine caprine. La spécificité et la simplicité de ce test constituent des atouts pour son utilisation dans le diagnostic de laboratoire de Moraxella bovis.
Bovine Clinical Mastitis due to Coagulase‐negative Staphylococci and their Susceptibility to Antimicrobials
Authors: Honkanen‐Buzalski T. , Myllys V. , Pyörälä S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 168 coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CNS) strains were isolated from milk samples taken from cows with clinical mastitis. The samples were collected between January 1990 and August 1992 from cows in the veterinary surveillance area of the Ambulatory Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hautjärvi, Finland. In 100 cases the effect of antibiotic treatment was evaluated 3–4 weeks after initial sampling. Clinical symptoms of the animals were recorded, and the inflammatory status of their udders was evaluated using the CMT test and assessing milk NAGase activity. CNS mastitis was most common in young cows during early lactation.Staphylococcus hyicus, S. simulansandS. epidermidiswere the most frequently isolated CNS. Clinical symptoms were most severe withS. hyicus.Cure rates for CNS induced mastitis were high.