bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐citations that contribute to the journal impact factor: An investment‐benefit‐yield analysis
Authors: Campanario Juan Miguel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe variables investment, benefit, and yield were defined to study the influence of journal self‐citations on the impact factor. Investment represents the share of journal self‐citations that contribute to the impact factor. Benefit is defined as the ratio of journal impact factor including self‐citations to journal impact factor without self‐citations. Yield is the relationship between benefit and investment. I selected all journals included in 2008 in the Science Citation Index version of Journal Citation Reports. After deleting 482 records for reasons to be explained, I used a final set of 6,138 journals to study the distribution of the variables defined above. The distribution of benefit differed from the distribution of investment and yield. The top 20‐ranked journals were not the same for all three variables. The yield of self‐citations on the journal impact factor was, in general, very modest.
Exakte U‐Werte von Stahlbeton‐Sandwichelementen
Authors: Willems Wolfgang , Hellinger Georg 
Published: October 2010

AbstractZur genauen Ermittlung der Wärmeverluste über die Hüllfläche eines Gebäudes unter stationären Randbedingungen ist — neben anderen Kennwerten — die möglichst exakte Bestimmung der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten (U‐Werte) der Fassadenflächen notwendig. Für Fassaden aus Stahlbeton‐Sandwichelementen ist der U‐Wert dabei aus den homogenen Einzelschichten in Verbindung mit den zusätzlichen Wärmeverlusten infolge der systembedingt vorhandenen Anker‐ und Fugensysteme zu bestimmen. üblicherweise werden dazu vereinfacht Pauschalzuschläge angenommen, die zwar das Berechnungsverfahren deutlich vereinfachen, jedoch zu verfälschten Ergebnissen und in der Regel darüber hinaus auch zu ökonomisch ungünstigen Ergebnisse führen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im Folgenden ein praxistaugliches Berechnungsverfahren vorgestellt, das die genaue Erfassung der Wärmeverluste aus Anker‐ und Fugensystemen sowohl für individuelle Elementkonfigurationen als auch für beliebig gestaltete Fassaden ermöglicht und damit zu exakten U‐Werten führt.Precise U‐values of precast concrete sandwich panels. For the exact determination of the heat losses over the building envelope with static boundary conditions it is necessary to determine — besides other parameters — the thermal transmittance (U‐value) of the exterior walls as accurate as possible. The U‐value of precast concrete sandwich panels is quantified on the one hand out of the homogeneous layering of the three sandwich components and on the other hand out of the additional thermal losses of different anchor and joint systems. Usually simplified additions are assumed, which obviously simplify the computation method but generally lead to economically unfavorable results. With this in mind, a practice‐suited computation method is presented which enables the exact examination of additional heat losses for anchor and joint systems for individual element configurations as well as the whole facade system and therefore leads to accurate U‐values.
Einflussparameter auf Heizwärmebedarf und Kühlbedarf von Gebäuden in verschiedenen Berechnungsmethoden von EN ISO 13790
Authors: Gratzl‐Michlmair Markus , Heimrath Richard , Schranzhofer Hermann 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFür die Berechnung des Energiebedarfs für Heizung und Kühlung können drei Verfahren gleichberechtigt eingesetzt werden: das ausführliche dynamische Simulationsverfahren, das vereinfachte dynamische Stundenverfahren und das quasi‐stationäre Monatsverfahren. Diese verschiedenen Verfahren unterscheiden sich maßgeblich in ihrem Detaillierungsgrad und liefern daher Ergebnisse unterschiedlicher Qualität. Zum Vergleich dieser Ergebnisse werden in der Validierungsnorm EN 15265 die Differenzen der Jahreswerte für die Beurteilung verwendet, die Abweichungen der einzelnen Stunden‐ und Monatswerte bleiben jedoch unberücksichtigt. In diesem Artikel wird daher einerseits dargestellt, wie die Standardabweichung der Einzeldifferenzen in die Qualitätsbewertung der Verfahren aufgenommen werden könnte. Andererseits wird aufgezeigt, welche Auswirkungen die einzelnen Posten der Wärmebilanz auf die Qualität der Ergebnisse haben.Influencing parameters on calculated heating and cooling energy demand in buildings in accordance to various methods of EN ISO 13790. For calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling three methods can be deployed: detailed simulation method, simplified hourly method and simplified monthly method. The different methods differ significantly in terms of level of detail and therefore also in the quality of their results. For the comparison of the results of different models a standard for validation was established, which evaluates the quality of the models based on differences of the annual sums of energy use for heating and cooling. Differences of hourly or monthly values do not influence the validation. This article shows, how mean value and standard deviation can be integrated into the validation method. Furthermore it describes the influence of the elements of the heat balance on the quality of the results.
Optimierung der thermischen Behaglichkeit im Bestand
Authors: Peters Reinhard , Zerwas Martin , Kempen Thomas , Krause Hans Jürgen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn der modernen Welt ist der Mensch es z. B. vom Auto her gewohnt, das Innenraumklima selbst einzustellen, und zwar individuell für Fahrer und Beifahrer. Schwieriger wird dies in unseren Gebäuden, die im Normalfall nur beheizt werden können. Für den Sommer ist die Klimaanlage eine Ausnahme, auch wenn die Verbreitung immer weiter voranschreitet. Kommen mehrere Personen in einem Raum zusammen, ist ein individuelles Wohlfühlklima nicht möglich. Hier kommt es darauf an, den Anteil der unzufriedenen Nutzer möglichst gering zu halten. Im nachfolgenden Beitrag werden die Ursachen für die Beschwerden zweier Großraumbüros untersucht und Vorschläge zur Verbesserung vorgestellt.Optimisation of thermal comfort in existing buildings. In the modern world people are used to being able to adjust the interior climate, for example with individual settings for car drivers and passengers. The situation is more difficult in buildings which normally only have a heating system without provision for cooling. In moderate climates air‐conditioning systems are an exception, although they are becoming increasingly popular. If several people come together in a room, it is impossible to adjust the conditions to the satisfaction of all occupants. The key is to keep the ratio of dissatisfied users to a minimum. This paper examines the reasons for complaints in two open‐plan offices and offers suggestions for improvements.
Wärme‐ und Feuchtetransport in Holzbauelementen unter freier Bewitterung
Authors: Joščák Matúš , Sonderegger Walter , Niemz Peter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEs wurden vergleichende Untersuchungen des Wärme‐ und Feuchtetransportes in unterschiedlichen Holzbaukonstruktionen unter freier Bewitterung durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden fünf Konstruktionen an Versuchsbauten auf dem Gelände der ETH Zürich getestet. Neben einer verdübelten Massivholzkonstruktion wurden zwei Ständerkonstruktionen und zwei weitere Vollholzkonstruktionen untersucht. Aus den gewonnenen Daten wurden dynamische Parameter der Gebäudehüllen ermittelt. Zusätzlich wurden Messungen an drei realen Bauten (zwei verdübelte Massivholzkonstruktionen, eine Ständerkonstruktion) durchgeführt. Die gemessenen Daten der Versuchsbauten wurden mit den Daten der Messungen an realen Bauten verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen unter anderem, dass die Vollholzkonstruktionen sehr ausgewogene, hygrothermische Eigenschaften aufweisen.Heat and moisture transfer in wood‐based constructions under natural weathering. In this project comparative measurements of heat and moisture transfer in wood‐based constructions were carried out under natural weathering conditions at the campus of ETH Zurich. Altogether, five different constructions designed as small test buildings were investigated. In the first observation, the solid wood construction connected with wooden dowels — without any further binders is compared to two conventional wood frame constructions with one and two insulation layers. In the second observation, the mentioned solid wood construction is compared to one log construction and one solid wood construction with slotted wood elements. From the data, the dynamic parameters of the heat and moisture transfer of these building envelopes were determined. Additionally, the heat and moisture data of three real used buildings (two solid wood constructions with wooden dowels and one conventional wood frame construction) were measured. These data were compared with the data measured on the small test buildings. The results, inter alia, are showing that the solid wood constructions achieve a good balance in hygrothermal properties.
Die Wanderung der Beuteltiere
Authors: Schmitz Jürgen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAktuelle molekulargenetische Studien ermöglichen eine eindeutige Rekonstruktion der Beuteltierphylogenie. Springende Gene als molekulare Verwandtschaftsmarker weisen erstmals auf einen gemeinsamen Vorfahren aller australischen Beuteltiere hin. Damit ist eine zuverlässige Grundlage geschaffen, um die Evolution und Biogeographie der Beuteltiere zu verstehen.
Zellzählung mittels Neubauer Zählkammer
Authors: Schrödel Andrea 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie Bestimmung der Zellzahl von Zellkulturen kann durch Verwendung eines Hämocytometers, wie beispielsweise der Neubauer Zählkammer erfolgen. Die Genauigkeit der Resultate bei der manuellen Zellzählung hängt von der korrekten Handhabung der betreffenden Zählkammer, der Verdünnung der Zellsuspension und der anschließenden Berechnung ab.
Adolf Bückmann, die Biologische Anstalt Helgoland und die marine Fischereibiologie
Authors: Bückmann Detlef 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie Biologische Anstalt Helgoland spielt seit ihrer Gründung 1892 eine wichtige Rolle in der deutschen biologischen Forschung und Lehre. Ihre Geschichte und ihr Wiederaufbau nach dem Kriege sind eng verbunden mit dem Namen des Fischereibiologen Adolf Bückmann – dem Vater des Verfassers dieses Artikels. Detlef Bückmann ist selbst Biologe und ehemaliger Rektor der Universität Ulm.
Effect of protein and solution properties on the donnan effect during the ultrafiltration of proteins
Authors: Bolton Glen R. , Boesch Austin W. , Basha Jonida , LaCasse Daniel P. , Kelley Brian D. , Acharya Hari 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFormulation of protein biopharmaceuticals as highly concentrated liquids can improve the drug substance storage and supply chain, improve the target product profile, and allow greater flexibility in dosing methods. The Donnan effect can cause a large offset in pH from the target value established with the diafiltration buffer during the concentration and diafiltration of charged proteins with ultrafiltration membranes. For neutral formulations, the pH will typically increase above the diafiltration buffer pH for basic monoclonal antibodies and decline below the diafiltration buffer pH for acidic Fc‐fusion proteins. In this study, new equations for the Donnan effect during the diafiltration and concentration of proteins in solutions containing monovalent and divalent ions were derived. The new Donnan models obey mass conservation laws, account for the buffering capacity of proteins, and account for protein‐ion binding. Data for the pH offsets of an Fc‐fusion protein and a monoclonal antibody were predicted in both monovalent and divalent buffers using these equations. To compensate for the pH offset caused by the Donnan effect, diafiltration buffers with pH and excipient values offset from the ultrafiltrate pool specifications can be used. The Donnan offset observed during the concentration of an acidic Fc‐fusion protein was mitigated by operating at low temperature. It is important to account for the Donnan effect during preformulation studies. The excipients levels in an ultrafiltration pool may differ from the levels in a protein solution obtained by adding buffers into concentrated protein solutions due to the Donnan effect. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Evidence for existence of venom 5′ nucleotidase in multiple forms through inhibition of concanavalin A
Authors: Dhananjaya B.L. , Gowda T.V. , J.M. D‘Souza Cletus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPharmacologically active 5′ nucleotidase is a ubiquitously distributed enzyme in snake venoms. In this study the effect of concanavalin A (Con‐A) on different snake venoms 5′ nucleotidase activity is tested in order to know the protein nature which will ultimately help in purification of the enzyme with high yield. Con‐A inhibited Naja naja, Naja kauthia, Naja melanoleuca, Naja naja sputatrix, Agistrodon halys blomhoffii, Bothrops asper and Oxyranus scutellas venom 5′ nucleotidase activity at different concentrations. This indicates the presence of glycopart in the protein, thus glycoprotein in nature. Vipera russellii, Vipera plaestenae, Agistrodon contratrix, Bitis orientis, Echis carinatus and Trimeresures malabaricus was not inhibited by Con‐A, indicating absence of glycopart in the protein. This study for the first time shows existence of 5′ nucleotidase in multimeric forms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of the Catalytic Deperoxidation of tert‐Butylhydroperoxide with Cobalt(II) Acetylacetonate
Authors: Turrà Natascia , Neuenschwander Ulrich , Baiker Alfons , Peeters Jozef , Hermans Ive 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe CoII/CoIII‐induced decomposition of hydroperoxides is an important reaction in many industrial processes and is referred to as deperoxidation. In the first step of the so‐called Haber–Weiss cycle, alkoxyl radicals and CoIIIOH species are generated upon the reaction of the CoII ion with ROOH. The catalytic cycle is closed upon the regeneration of the CoII ion through the reaction of the CoIIIOH species with a second ROOH molecule, thus producing one equivalent of the peroxyl radicals. Herein, the deperoxidation of tert‐butylhydroperoxide by dissolved cobalt(II) acetylacetonate is studied by using UV/Vis spectroscopy in situ with a noninteracting solvent, namely, cyclohexane. Kinetic information extracted from experiments, together with quantum‐chemical calculations, led to new mechanistic hypotheses. Even under anaerobic conditions, the Haber–Weiss cycle initiates a radical‐chain destruction of ROOH propagated by both alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals. This chain mechanism rationalizes the high deperoxidation rates, which are directly proportional to the cobalt concentration up to approximately 75 μM at 333 K. However, at higher cobalt concentrations, a remarkable decrease of the rate is observed. The hypothesis put forward herein is that this remarkable autoinhibition effect could be explained by the hitherto overlooked chain termination of two CoIIIOH species. The direct competition between the first‐order Haber–Weiss initiation and the second‐order termination can indeed explain this peculiar kinetic behavior of this homogeneous deperoxidation system.
Photochemical Synthesis of Intensely Luminescent Isocyano Rhenium(I) Complexes with Readily Tunable Structural Features
Authors: Ko Chi‐Chiu , Lo Larry Tso‐Lun , Ng Chi‐On , Yiu Shek‐Man 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new class of readily tunable isocyano rhenium(I) diimine luminophores, cis,cis‐[Re(CO)2(CNR)2‐ (NN)]+ (R=2,4,6‐Cl3C6H2, 4‐ClC6H4, 4‐Br‐2,6‐(CH3)2C6H2, 2,6‐(CH3)2C6H3, 4‐[(CH3)2N]C6H4, 4‐(C6H5)C6H4, 4‐nBuC6H4, tBu), has been synthesized in high yield by a highly selective photochemical substitution reaction. These complexes were characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The X‐ray crystal structures of one of the complexes and one of the precursor complexes for the photosubstitution reaction were also determined. As the isocyanide ligands are readily tunable, complexes with excellent solubility in benzene or other nonpolar solvents could be designed through slight modification of the isocyanide ligands with a short nBu substituent. With the characteristic strong infrared absorptions of the carbonyl (CO) and isocyanide (CN) stretches as well as the high solubility of the reactant and product in benzene, which is the solvent for the photoreaction, the photosubstitution reaction of [Re(CO)3(nBuC6H4NC)2Br] with 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine was also studied by in situ IR spectroscopy. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these complexes were also investigated. Except for the complex with [(CH3)2N]C6H4NC ligands, all complexes displayed intense luminescence with quantum yields of up to 0.37 in degassed CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature. These emissions were assigned as the phosphorescence derived from the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer [dπ(Re)→π*(NN)] excited state. The emissive excited states of these complexes have also been characterized by transient absorption spectroscopic studies. The capability of tuning the emissive excited‐state energy through the modification of the isocyanide ligands could be reflected by the significant shifting of the phosphorescence from 530 to 620 nm with the same phenanthroline ligand.
Methylation of the candidate biomarker TCF21 is very frequent across a spectrum of early‐stage nonsmall cell lung cancers
Authors: Richards Kristy L. , Zhang Baili , Sun Menghong , Dong Wenli , Churchill Jennifer , Bachinski Linda L. , Wilson Charmaine D. , Baggerly Keith A. , Yin Guosheng , Hayes D. Neil , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Krahe Ralf 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The transcription factor TCF21 is involved in mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial differentiation and was shown to be aberrantly hypermethylated in lung and head and neck cancers. Because of its reported high frequency of hypermethylation in lung cancer, further characterization of the stages and types of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that are hypermethylated and the frequency of hypermethylation and associated “second hits” were assessed.METHODS:TCF21 promoter hypermethylation in 105 NSCLC including various stages and histologies in smokers and nonsmokers was determined. In addition, TCF21 loss of heterozygosity and mutational status were examined. Twenty‐two cancer cell lines from varied tissue origins were also assayed. The NSCLC results were validated and expanded by examining TCF21 immunohistochemical expression on a tissue microarray containing 300 NSCLC cases.RESULTS:Overall, 81% of NSCLC samples showed TCF21 promoter hypermethylation, and 84% showed decreased TCF21 protein expression. Multivariate analysis showed that TCF21 expression, although below normal in both histologies, was lower in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma and was not independently correlated with sex, smoking, and EGFR mutation status or with clinical outcome. Cell lines from other cancer types also showed frequent TCF21 promoter hypermethylation.CONCLUSIONS:Hypermethylation and decreased expression of TCF21 were tumor specific and very frequent in all NSCLCs, even early‐stage disease, thus making TCF21 a potential candidate methylation biomarker for early‐stage NSCLC screening. TCF21 hypermethylation in a variety of tumor cell lines suggests it may also be a valuable methylation biomarker in other tumor types. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The role of epigenetic transcription repression and DNA methyltransferases in cancer
Authors: Daniel Filipe Ivan , Cherubini Karen , Yurgel Liliane Soares , de Figueiredo Maria Antonia Zancanaro , Salum Fernanda Gonçalves 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEpigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation have been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers. DNA methylation consists of the reversible addition of a methyl group to the carbon 5 position of cytosine in CpG dinucleotides and is considered essential for normal embryonic development. However, global genomic hypomethylation and aberrant hypermethylation of regulatory regions of tumor suppressor genes have been associated with chromosomal instability and transcription repression, respectively, providing neoplastic cells with a selective advantage. DNA methyltransferases are the enzymes responsible for the addition of methyl groups to CpG dinucleotides, which, together with histone modifiers, initiate the events necessary for transcription repression to occur. It has been demonstrated that increased expression of DNA methyltransferases may contribute to tumor progression through methylation‐mediated gene inactivation in various human cancers. Given their importance, this article reviews the main epigenetic mechanisms for regulating transcription and its implications in cancer development. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Local, regional, and systemic recurrence rates in patients undergoing skin‐sparing mastectomy compared with conventional mastectomy
Authors: Yi Min , Kronowitz Steven J , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Feig Barry W , Symmans W. Fraser , Lucci Anthony , Ross Merrick I , Babiera Gildy V , Kuerer Henry M , Hunt Kelly K 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although the use of SSM is becoming more common, there are few data on long‐term, local‐regional, and distant recurrence rates after treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the rates of local, regional, and systemic recurrence, and survival in breast cancer patients who underwent skin‐sparing mastectomy (SSM) or conventional mastectomy (CM) at our institution.METHODS:Patients with stage 0 to III unilateral breast cancer who underwent total mastectomy at our center from 2000 to 2005 were included in this study. Kaplan‐Meier curves were calculated, and the log‐rank test was used to evaluate the differences between overall and disease‐free survival rates in the 2 groups.RESULTS:Of 1810 patients, 799 (44.1%) underwent SSM and 1011 (55.9%) underwent CM. Patients who underwent CM were older (58.3 vs 49.3 years, P<.0001) and were more likely to have stage IIB or III disease (53.0% vs 31.8%, P<.0001). Significantly more patients in the CM group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation therapy (P<.0001). At a median follow‐up of 53 months, 119 patients (6.6%) had local, regional, or systemic recurrences. The local, regional, and systemic recurrence rates did not differ significantly between the SSM and CM groups. After adjusting for clinical TNM stage and age, disease‐free survival rates between the SSM and CM groups did not differ significantly.CONCLUSIONS:SSM is an acceptable treatment option for patients who are candidates for immediate breast reconstruction. Local‐regional recurrence rates are similar to those of patients undergoing CM. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.