bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD11c/CD18 Expression Is Upregulated on Blood Monocytes During Hypertriglyceridemia and Enhances Adhesion to Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
Authors: Gower R. Michael , Wu Huaizhu , Foster Greg A. , Devaraj Sridevi , Jialal Ishwarlal , Ballantyne Christie M. , Knowlton Anne A. , Simon Scott I. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—

Atherosclerosis is associated with monocyte adhesion to the arterial wall that involves integrin activation and emigration across inflamed endothelium. Involvement of β
2
-integrin CD11c/CD18 in atherogenesis was recently shown in dyslipidemic mice, which motivates our study of its inflammatory function during hypertriglyceridemia in humans.

Methods and Results—
Flow cytometry of blood from healthy subjects fed a standardized high-fat meal revealed that at 3.5 hours postprandial, monocyte CD11c surface expression was elevated, and the extent of upregulation correlated with blood triglycerides. Monocytes from postprandial blood exhibited an increased light scatter profile, which correlated with elevated CD11c expression and uptake of lipid particles. Purified monocytes internalized triglyceride-rich lipoproteins isolated from postprandial blood through low-density lipoprotein–receptor–related protein-1, and this also elicited CD11c upregulation. Laboratory-on-a-chip analysis of whole blood showed that monocyte arrest on a vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) substrate under shear flow was elevated at 3.5 hours and correlated with blood triglyceride and CD11c expression. At 7 hours postprandial, blood triglycerides decreased and monocyte CD11c expression and arrest on VCAM-1 returned to fasting levels.

Conclusion—
During hypertriglyceridemia, monocytes internalize lipids, upregulate CD11c, and increase adhesion to VCAM-1. These data suggest that analysis of monocyte inflammation may provide an additional framework for evaluating individual susceptibility to cardiovascular disease.
The Juneau Terrain-Induced Turbulence Alert System
Authors: Politovich Marcia K. , Goodrich R. Kent , Morse Corrinne S. , Yates Alan , Barron Robert , Cohn Steven A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The Juneau, Alaska, airport vicinity experiences frequent episodes of moderate and severe turbulence, which affect arriving and departing air traffic. The Federal Aviation Administration funded the National Center for Atmospheric Research to develop a warning system, consisting of carefully placed anemometers and wind profilers, along with data communications, an algorithm, and display, to warn pilots of potentially hazardous situations. The system uses regressions based on comparisons of research aircraft data with measurements from the ground-based sensors to estimate the turbulence intensity along selected flight paths. This paper describes the development of the turbulence warning system, from meteorological characteristics through sensor placement, algorithm construction and evaluation, and display design. The discussion includes how best estimates of winds were made in adverse meteorological and topographic conditions, how turbulence was calculated from aircraft conducting various flight maneuvers, how bad data were identified and removed from the system, how the regressors were selected, and the skill of the system.
The Occurrence of Particle Size Distribution Bimodality in Midlatitude Cirrus as Inferred from Ground-Based Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Zhao Yang , Mace Gerald G. , Comstock Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Data collected in midlatitude cirrus clouds by instruments on jet aircraft typically show particle size distributions that have distinct distribution modes in both the 10–30-μm maximum dimension (D) size range and the 200–300-μm D size range or larger. A literal interpretation of the small D mode in these datasets suggests that total concentrations Nt in midlatitude cirrus are, on average, well in excess of 1 cm−3 whereas more conventional analyses of in situ data and cloud process model results suggest Nt values a factor of 10 less. Given this wide discrepancy, questions have been raised regarding the influence of data artifacts caused by the shattering of large crystals on aircraft and probe surfaces. This inconsistency and the general nature of the cirrus particle size distribution are examined using a ground-based remote sensing dataset. An algorithm using millimeter-wavelength radar Doppler moments and Raman lidar-derived extinction is developed to retrieve a bimodal particle size distribution and its uncertainty. This algorithm is applied to case studies as well as to 313 h of cirrus measurements collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site near Lamont, Oklahoma, in 2000. It is shown that particle size distributions in cirrus can often be described as bimodal, and that this bimodality is a function of temperature and location within cirrus layers. However, the existence of Nt &gt; 1 cm−3 in cirrus is rare (&lt;1% of the time) and the Nt implied by the remote sensing data tends to be on the order of 100 cm−3.
Climate Determinism Revisited: Multiple Equilibria in a Complex Climate Model
Authors: Ferreira David , Marshall John , Rose Brian 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Multiple equilibria in a coupled ocean–atmosphere–sea ice general circulation model (GCM) of an aquaplanet with many degrees of freedom are studied. Three different stable states are found for exactly the same set of parameters and external forcings: a cold state in which a polar sea ice cap extends into the midlatitudes; a warm state, which is ice free; and a completely sea ice–covered “snowball” state. Although low-order energy balance models of the climate are known to exhibit intransitivity (i.e., more than one climate state for a given set of governing equations), the results reported here are the first to demonstrate that this is a property of a complex coupled climate model with a consistent set of equations representing the 3D dynamics of the ocean and atmosphere. The coupled model notably includes atmospheric synoptic systems, large-scale circulation of the ocean, a fully active hydrological cycle, sea ice, and a seasonal cycle. There are no flux adjustments, with the system being solely forced by incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere.
It is demonstrated that the multiple equilibria owe their existence to the presence of meridional structure in ocean heat transport: namely, a large heat transport out of the tropics and a relatively weak high-latitude transport. The associated large midlatitude convergence of ocean heat transport leads to a preferred latitude at which the sea ice edge can rest. The mechanism operates in two very different ocean circulation regimes, suggesting that the stabilization of the large ice cap could be a robust feature of the climate system. Finally, the role of ocean heat convergence in permitting multiple equilibria is further explored in simpler models: an atmospheric GCM coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean and an energy balance model.
Environment and Early Evolution of the 8 May 2009 Derecho-Producing Convective System
Authors: Coniglio Michael C. , Corfidi Stephen F. , Kain John S. 
Published: October 2010

This study documents the complex environment and early evolution of the remarkable derecho that traversed portions of the central United States on 8 May 2009. Central to this study is the comparison of the 8 May 2009 derecho environment to that of other mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that occurred in the central United States during a similar time of year. Synoptic-scale forcing was weak and thermodynamic instability was limited during the development of the initial convection, but several mesoscale features of the environment appeared to contribute to initiation and upscale growth, including a mountain wave, a midlevel jet streak, a weak midlevel vorticity maximum, a “Denver cyclone,” and a region of upper-tropospheric inertial instability. The subsequent MCS developed in an environment with an unusually strong and deep low-level jet (LLJ), which transported exceptionally high amounts of low-level moisture northward very rapidly, destabilized the lower troposphere, and enhanced frontogenetical circulations that appeared to aid convective development. The thermodynamic environment ahead of the developing MCS contained unusually high precipitable water (PW) and very large midtropospheric lapse rates, compared to other central plains MCSs. Values of downdraft convective available potential energy (DCAPE), mean winds, and 0–6-km vertical wind shear were not as anomalously large as the PW, lapse rates, and LLJ. In fact, the DCAPE values were lower than the mean values in the comparison dataset. These results suggest that the factors contributing to updraft strength over a relatively confined area played a significant role in generating the strong outflow winds at the surface, by providing a large volume of hydrometeors to drive the downdrafts.
‘Clearing’ the cervical spine in the unconscious trauma patient
Authors: Blackham Julian , Benger Jonathan 
Published: October 2010

This is a systemic review of the published evidence regarding cervical spine management in unconscious trauma patients. We examine the literature in the following sections: use of plain radiography; use of flexion/extenson views; use of computed tomography; use of magnetic resonance imaging. We also review surveys of practice and current guidelines. In contrast to the conscious trauma patient there have been no large prospective multicentre studies to derive a clinical decision rule for the exclusion of cervical spine injury. This review therefore assesses currently available evidence to reach a logical conclusion regarding the most appropriate imaging strategy to exclude significant injury in the cervical spine, whilst minimising the time that a patient needs to remain immobilised.
Mechanism of transfusion-related acute lung injury induced by HLA class II antibodies
Authors: Sachs Ulrich J. H. , Wasel Wiebke , Bayat Behnaz , Bohle Rainer M. , Hattar Katja , Berghöfer Heike , Reil Angelika , Bux Jürgen , Bein Gregor , Santoso Sentot , Weissmann Norbert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTransfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-associated mortality in the United States and other countries. In most TRALI cases, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II antibodies are detected in implicated donors. However, the corresponding antigens are not present on the cellular key players in TRALI: neutrophils and endothelium. In this study, we identify monocytes as a primary target in HLA class II–induced TRALI. Monocytes become activated when incubated with matched HLA class II antibodies and are capable of activating neutrophils, which, in turn, can induce disturbance of an endothelial barrier. In an ex vivo rodent model, HLA class II antibody–dependent monocyte activation leads to severe pulmonary edema in a relevant period of time, whenever neutrophils are present and the endothelium is preactivated. Our data suggest that in most TRALI cases, monocytes are cellular key players, because HLA class II antibodies induce TRALI by a reaction cascade initiated by monocyte activation. Furthermore, our data support the previous assumption that TRALI pathogenesis follows a threshold model. Having identified the biologic mechanism of HLA class II antibody–induced TRALI, strategies to avoid plasma from immunized donors, such as women with a history of pregnancy, appear to be justified preventive measures.
Predictive factors for outcome and response in patients treated with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase after imatinib failure
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop , O'Brien Susan , Shan Jenny , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Wierda William , Ravandi Farhad , Borthakur Gautam , Rios Mary Beth , Cortes Jorge 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe assessed the predictive factors for outcome and response in 123 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase treated with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) after imatinib failure. Better event-free survival rates with second-generation TKI therapy were associated with a previous cytogenetic response to imatinib (P < .001) and a performance status of 0 (P = .001). Patients with 0, 1, or 2 adverse factors had 2-year event-free survival rates of 78%, 49%, and 20% (P < .001), respectively; 2-year overall survival rates of 95%, 85%, and 40%, (P = .002), respectively; and a 12-month probability of achieving a major cytogenetic response of 64%, 36%, and 20% (P = .007), respectively. In conclusion, patients with poor performance status and no previous cytogenetic response to imatinib therapy have a low likelihood of responding to second-generation TKI with poor event-free survival and therefore should be offered additional treatment options. This scoring system could serve to advise patients of their prognosis and treatment options, as well as to evaluate the benefit of newer alternate options.
NKp46 and DNAM-1 NK-cell receptors drive the response to human cytomegalovirus-infected myeloid dendritic cells overcoming viral immune evasion strategies
Authors: Magri Giuliana , Muntasell Aura , Romo Neus , Sáez-Borderías Andrea , Pende Daniela , Geraghty Daniel E. , Hengel Hartmut , Angulo Ana , Moretta Alessandro , López-Botet Miguel 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Information on natural killer (NK)–cell receptor-ligand interactions involved in the response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is limited and essentially based on the study of infected fibroblasts. Experimental conditions were set up to characterize the NK response to HCMV-infected myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). Monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) infected by the TB40/E HCMV strain down-regulated the expression of human leukocyte antigen class I molecules and specifically activated autologous NK-cell populations. NKG2D ligands appeared virtually undetectable in infected moDCs, reflecting the efficiency of immune evasion mechanisms, and explained the lack of antagonistic effects of NKG2D-specific monoclonal antibody. By contrast, DNAM-1 and DNAM-1 ligands (DNAM-1L)–specific monoclonal antibodies inhibited the NK response at 48 hours after infection, although the impact of HCMV-dependent down-regulation of DNAM-1L in infected moDCs was perceived at later stages. moDCs constitutively expressed ligands for NKp46 and NKp30 natural cytotoxicity receptors, which were partially reduced on HCMV infection; yet, only NKp46 appeared involved in the NK response. In contrast to previous reports in fibroblasts, human leukocyte antigen-E expression was not preserved in HCMV-infected moDCs, which triggered CD94/NKG2A+ NK-cell activation. The results provide an insight on key receptor-ligand interactions involved in the NK-cell response against HCMV-infected moDCs, stressing the importance of the dynamics of viral immune evasion mechanisms.
Discovery of recurrent t(6;7)(p25.3;q32.3) translocations in ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphomas by massively parallel genomic sequencing
Authors: Feldman Andrew L. , Dogan Ahmet , Smith David I. , Law Mark E. , Ansell Stephen M. , Johnson Sarah H. , Porcher Julie C. , Özsan Nazan , Wieben Eric D. , Eckloff Bruce W. , Vasmatzis George 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The genetics of peripheral T-cell lymphomas are poorly understood. The most well-characterized abnormalities are translocations involving ALK, occurring in approximately half of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs). To gain insight into the genetics of ALCLs lacking ALK translocations, we combined mate-pair DNA library construction, massively parallel (“Next Generation”) sequencing, and a novel bioinformatic algorithm. We identified a balanced translocation disrupting the DUSP22 phosphatase gene on 6p25.3 and adjoining the FRA7H fragile site on 7q32.3 in a systemic ALK-negative ALCL. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that the t(6;7)(p25.3;q32.3) was recurrent in ALK-negative ALCLs. Furthermore, t(6;7)(p25.3;q32.3) was associated with down-regulation of DUSP22 and up-regulation of MIR29 microRNAs on 7q32.3. These findings represent the first recurrent translocation reported in ALK-negative ALCL and highlight the utility of massively parallel genomic sequencing to discover novel translocations in lymphoma and other cancers.
Increased thioredoxin-1 production in human naturally occurring regulatory T cells confers enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress
Authors: Mougiakakos Dimitrios , Johansson C. Christian , Jitschin Regina , Böttcher Martin , Kiessling Rolf 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLevels of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are increased in different cancer types as well as in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Treg accumulation may result from aberrant proliferation and trafficking as well as greater resilience to oxidative stress compared with conventional T cells. This enhanced antioxidative capacity of Tregs possibly serves as feedback inhibition during inflammation and prevents uncontrolled immune reactions by favoring survival of suppressor rather than effector cells. In this study, we demonstrate that human Tregs express and secrete higher levels of thioredoxin-1, a major antioxidative molecule. Thioredoxin-1 has an essential role in maintaining their surface thiol density as the first line of antioxidative defense mechanisms and is sensitive to proinflammatory stimuli, mainly tumor necrosis factor-α, in a nuclear factor-κB-dependent fashion. The antiapoptotic and oncogenic potential of (secreted) Trx-1 suggests that it may exert effects in Tregs beyond redox regulation.
Assessment of problematic severe asthma in children: Figure 1–
Authors: Lødrup Carlsen K.C. , Hedlin G. , Bush A. , Wennergren G. , de Benedictis F.M. , De Jongste J.C. , Baraldi E. , Pedroletti C. , Barbato A. , Malmström K. , Pohunek P. , Pedersen S. , Piacentini G.L. , Middelveld R.J.M. , Carlsen K.H. 
Published: October 2010

Assessment of problematic severe asthma in children should be performed in a step-wise manner to ensure an optimal approach. A four-step assessment scheme is proposed. First, a full diagnostic work-up is performed to exclude other diseases which mimic asthma. Secondly, a multi-disciplinary assessment is performed to identify issues that may need attention, including comorbidities. Thirdly, the pattern of inflammation is assessed, and finally steroid responsiveness is documented.Based upon these four steps an optimal individualised treatment plan is developed. In this article the many gaps in our current knowledge in all these steps are highlighted, and recommendations for current clinical practice and future research are made.The lack of good data and the heterogeneity of problematic severe asthma still limit our ability to optimise the management on an individual basis in this small, but challenging group of patients.
Stressful life events and the onset of asthma
Authors: Lietzén R. , Virtanen P. , Kivimäki M. , Sillanmäki L. , Vahtera J. , Koskenvuo M. 
Published: October 2010

The status of stressful life events as a risk factor for asthma is unclear and may be dependent on pre-existing allergic rhinitis. This study examined whether exposure to stressful life events predicted the onset of asthma in adults.This is a prospective, population-based cohort study of 16,881 males and females, aged 20–54 yrs and free of diagnosed asthma at the beginning of the follow-up (January 1, 2004). Data about stressful life events were gathered with a postal survey. The onset of asthma was ascertained through national registers until December 31, 2005.During the follow-up period, 192 incident cases of asthma were identified. High total exposure to stressful life events, as indicated by a cumulative severity score, predicted the onset of asthma (hazard ratio 1.96, 95% CI 1.22–3.13). This association was robust to adjustment for demographics, smoking and having a cat/dog at home and it was observed both among those with and without allergic rhinitis at baseline. Of the 10 most stressful life events, the illness of a family member, marital problems, divorce or separation and conflicts with a supervisor were associated with the onset of asthma.Our study suggests that stressful life events may increase the onset of asthma.
Incorporating significant amino acid pairs to identify O-linked glycosylation sites on transmembrane proteins and non-transmembrane proteins
Authors: Chen Shu-An , Lee Tzong-Yi , Ou Yu-Yen 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
While occurring enzymatically in biological systems, O-linked glycosylation affects protein folding, localization and trafficking, protein solubility, antigenicity, biological activity, as well as cell-cell interactions on membrane proteins. Catalytic enzymes involve glycotransferases, sugar-transferring enzymes and glycosidases which trim specific monosaccharides from precursors to form intermediate structures. Due to the difficulty of experimental identification, several works have used computational methods to identify glycosylation sites.

Results
By investigating glycosylated sites that contain various motifs between Transmembrane (TM) and non-Transmembrane (non-TM) proteins, this work presents a novel method, GlycoRBF, that implements radial basis function (RBF) networks with significant amino acid pairs (SAAPs) for identifying O-linked glycosylated serine and threonine on TM proteins and non-TM proteins. Additionally, a membrane topology is considered for reducing the false positives on glycosylated TM proteins. Based on an evaluation using five-fold cross-validation, the consideration of a membrane topology can reduce 31.4% of the false positives when identifying O-linked glycosylation sites on TM proteins. Via an independent test, GlycoRBF outperforms previous O-linked glycosylation site prediction schemes.

Conclusion
A case study of Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha was presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of GlycoRBF. Web-based GlycoRBF, which can be accessed at http://GlycoRBF.bioinfo.tw, can identify O-linked glycosylated serine and threonine effectively and efficiently. Moreover, the structural topology of Transmembrane (TM) proteins with glycosylation sites is provided to users. The stand-alone version of GlycoRBF is also available for high throughput data analysis.