bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Species of Perniphora Ruschka (Hymenoptera: Cleonymini)
Authors: Miller C. D. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species of Perniphora Ruschka reared in Maine, U.S.A., and New Brunswick, Canada, from logs of white and yellow birch infested with ambrosia beetles, especially Trypodendron betulae Swaine, is described and illustrated. It is compared with the only other described species, Perniphora robusta Ruschka, a Palearctic species which has been reared, according to Ruschka (1923), Novak (1960a, b), Balazy (1963) and Hedqvist (1963), from a number of ambrosia beetles, especially Trypodendron lineatum Oliv., in Germany, White Russia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark, Finland and Sweden.
The North American Species in Group X of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Hopping G. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIps calligraphus (Germar), I. ponderosae Swaine and I. interstitialis (Eichhoff) represent one variable species with the oldest name, Ips calligraphus (Germar) taking precedence. Ips calligraphus can always be recognized by the six spines on each side of the declivity. All other species in North America have less than six spines on each side.
Effect of Water-Stress on the Reproduction of European Red Mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) on Young Apple Trees
Authors: Specht H. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWater-stress in young apple trees potted in sandy soil caused a six-fold retardation in Panonychus ulmi (Koch) population growth during two generations in a greenhouse. A considerably smaller retardation effect on the population growth occurred on water-stress trees growing in a compost-sand soil mixture. The leaves from moist compost-sand soil trees contained nearly the same percentage of nitrogen as those from water-stress trees, thus it is believed the detrimental effect of water-stress is caused by the inability of the mites to secure sufficient food supplies for maximum reproduction and growth.
Reaction of Wheat Varieties to Tetranychus sinhai Baker (Acarina: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Wallace H. A. H. , Sinha R. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwenty-five varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 25 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown in the Western Canadian Co-operative Tests were studied at Morden, Manitoba, in 1964, for their resistance to natural infestation by a spider mite, Tetranychus sinhai Baker. Some of these were heavily infested whereas others showed no infestation. The differences were statistically significant. Generally, the commonly grown varieties, such as, Selkirk, Thatcher, Ramsey, Stewart were resistant, but some of the hybrid varieties, such as Sask. 6070, Q2331-5 under test were susceptible.
Asymmetry in Eocrepuscular Diel Periodicities of Insects
Authors: Corbet Philip S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn certain insects there exist eocrepuscular diel periodicities of activity in which the sunrise peak occurs at a higher light intensity than does the peak at sunset. This may happen because the indicator-process chosen by the observer to designate the activity is not the first in a behavioural sequence released by light of a critical intensity.
Laser Effects on Two Insects
Authors: Wilde W. H. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDermestid larvae, Trogoderma versicolor (Creutzer), and adult American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (Linné), were affected by ruby laser pulses of two intensities, 0.06 ± 0.04 per 10−7 second duration and 0.57 ± 0.06 joules per 0.2 milliseconds. Laser impact areas were 1.5 mm. in diameter. The first intensity, directed at cephalic regions of dermestid larvae, caused mortality in 3–48 hours. The same intensity directed at larval mid-abdominal areas caused visible outer integument and body-hair scorching, cessation of feeding, growth rate, and movement, and loss of negative phototactic responses. Directed at posterior abdominal regions of larvae, it caused damage to the epidermal layer noticeable in four succeeding moults. It caused temporary (10-15 min.) immobility and loss of negative phototaxis when directed at pro-thoracic regions of cockroach adults. P. americana adults were more severely affected by the second laser treatment, exhibiting immobility, loss of negative phototaxis, and cessation of eating. Total mortality in the five treated specimens occurred in 8-14 days as compared with 45-68 days in controls.
Effects of Food on the Longevity, Fecundity, and Development of Adult Coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Smith B. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAccess to drinking water increased the longevity of Coccinella trifasciata perplexa Muls. by about 35%. The water content of field-collected insects was 70% and of laboratory-fed insects 64%. Rate of loss of water increased, and longevity decreased when protein was absent from the food.Anatis mali Auct. lived more than 1000 days and Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake lived more than 400 days when fed on various synthetic foods. Seven of 13 species tested kid eggs when fed on these foods. A diet containing desiccated liver was the best non-prey food supplement for reproduction, and adults of three generations of C. maculata were kept on this food.A. mali preferred dry powdered pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), to either bean aphids. Aphis fabae Scop., or corn aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), whereas C. maculata preferred corn pollen to aphids and A. pisum and R. maidis to A. fabae. Previous feeding did not affect the preference of either A. mali or C. maculata for dry aphids or pollen. C. maculata produced six eggs per mg. of food while feeding on A. pisum and four on R. maidis. Young adults ate more than older adults.The rate of food intake was highest in A. mali during the first two weeks and in C. maculata during the first eight days after emergence. The living weight and dry weight of feeding C. maculata adults increased for eight days and then did not vary, whereas the water content decreased in this period. The index of relative growth was about 0.10 mg. per day per mg. of adult weight and food efficiency was about 0.18 mg. per mg. of food.
Laboratory and Field Methods for Assaying Olfactory Responses of the Douglas-fir Beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins
Authors: Jantz O. K. , Rudinsky J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory tests revealed that female Douglas-fir beetles, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, boring in logs of both host and non-host species produce a volatile substance that both attracts and arrests adult beetles. Male arrestment provided a reliable method for laboratory bioassay of volatile substances. Field tests were devised to show the attack, the attraction produced, and the broad development in six tree species: Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco; western larch, Larix occidentalis Nutt.; ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws.; western hemlock, Tsuga heteropbylla (Raf.) Sarg.; western white pine, Pinus monticola Dougl.; and grand fir, Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.
Life History and Some Habits of the Pine Gall Weevil, Podapion gallicola Riley, in Michigan
Authors: Wilson Louis F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe pine gall weevil has a 3-year life cycle on red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in Michigan. Adults oviposit from June to August, depositing 1 to 10 eggs in a niche chewed in the bark of a branch internode. Larvae first emerge in August, feed as a group toward the cambium, and then radiate out along the xylem. Head capsule measurements from 1585 larvae indicate that there are three larval instars. Gall development begins in June of the second year, shortly after the larvae begin the second instar. The third instar commences in June of the third year. Pupation occurs in May of the fourth season; adult emergence follows in June. Overwintering occurs in the egg stage or in the three larval instars. Adults do not overwinter, and apparently three distinct broods occur in Michigan.
The Insect Ecology of Red Pine Plantations in Central Ontario: IV. The Crown Fauna
Authors: Martin J. Lynton 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe faunal changes in the crown stratum of a newly established red pine plantation were observed during the first five years of growth. The crown faunae of three older stands planted in 1950, 1939, and 1929 were sampled throughout the growing seasons of four consecutive years by a technique employing pyrethrum insecticide.The stands represent four stages in the development of a red pine community over a period of 35 years, and the presence, distribution, density, annual and seasonal fluctuations, species succession, and food relations of arthropod taxa are discussed.Species colonizing trees in the establishment stage are largely replaced in the transition stage by a species-complex that persists throughout the succeeding monoculture and young-forest stages. Arthropod density in relation to crown size increases rapidly until the trees are about 15 years of age, and then declines. The pattern of seasonal abundance is dominated by a few species. The ratio between parasite–predator and prey species remains remarkably stable throughout the three older stages of the community.
Effects of Sex Sterilants on the Growth of Coccinellid Larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Smith B. C. , Bérubé J. A. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractN,N′-Hexamethylene bisaziridinyl carboxamide and apholate interfered with the growth of Anatis mali Auct. and prevented it from reaching the adult stage. Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake was unable to grow with hexamethylene bisaziridinyl carboxamide in the drinking water but was able to tolerate a 0.01% solution of apholate.
Some Biological Attributes of Sawflies in theNeodiprion fulvicepsComplex in a Brushfield Pine Plantation (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)
Authors: Dahlsten Donald L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough adults from each of four study areas in California showed no morphological differences and were identified as belonging to theNeodiprion fulvicepscomplex, a number of biological differences in different stages of development indicate that there are three distinct populations of one species or subspecies of a species in the,N.fulvicepscomplex in California.The life stages are typical ofNeodiprionspecies. Overwintering as eggs, eclosion commences in the spring. The larvae drop to the ground after four to six feeding instars, spinning their cocoons in the duff beneath the host trees. Pre pupal larvae spend the summer in the cocoon; pupation occurs in the fall and adult emergence follows two to three weeks after.The foliage chosen for oviposition is mainly the current year's growth. Oviposition occurs largely in the upper crown of trees less than 10 feet in height, while in trees larger than 10 feet the lower crown is preferred. The outer two-thirds of the foliage of an individual tip and the lower gravitation edges of needles are favored for oviposition.Some of the differences supporting the belief that there are distinct species or subspecies include number of eggs per female, number of needles in each fascicle used for oviposition, number of eggs inserted in each needle, spacing of egg pockets, egg color, number of feeding instars, date of larval eclosion, larval size, and larval feeding capacity.Males and females emerged in synchrony in the laboratory and the field. Males predominated in cocoon collections but females predominated in rearings of larvae. This discrepancy in sex ratio may be due to a differential mortality factor. (In this study no prepupae were found to go into an extended diapause.)One adult morphological character was found that may be of significance in supporting the contention that distinct populations or subspecies occur. Females in one study area generally had more antennal segments than females in other areas. This character along with the biological differences may prove adequate to describe these populations as subspecies or even species in the future bur it was felt that additional names, at this time, would only add to the confusion in the genus. Such descriptions should wait until the entireN.fulvicepscomplex can be considered.
Transmission of Virus in Tent Caterpillar Populations
Authors: Stairs G. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe transmission of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in populations of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner), was studied in Sudbury district, Ontario. Virus was transmitted from generation to generation by infected adults. Their progeny died from virus disease during the second and third larval instars. Adult flies of Sarcophaga aldrichi Parker, a dipterous parasite, were attracted to these dead, diseased larvae, became contaminated with virus, and spread the virus to foliage on which healthy larvae were feeding. The importance of these disseminating agents in the development of virus epizootics is discussed.
Some Quantitative Aspects of Insect Attraction
Authors: Wright R. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe measurement of insect attraction by the number of specimens collected in a certain time, or by the duration of the attractive effect, does not distinguish between the roles of intrinsic attraction and the attractant concentration. It is shown that the number of D. melanogaster responding to a food odor is proportional to the logarithm of the attractant concentration, in conformity with the Weber–Fechner Law. The implications of this result are discussed.
The Role of Nutritional Principles in Biological Control
Authors: House H. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe role that nutrition plays in biological control may be seen in natural environments; but to understand and to make use of this role the principles concerned must be understood essentially in terms of specific chemical substances. A number of principles of insect nutrition particularly relevant to biological control concern the food of the host, the host itself, and its parasitoid. These principles may be generalized into three laws and they are called here the rule of sameness, the principle of nutrient proportionality, and the principle of cooperating supplements. Each is discussed in connection with its application in the laboratory or in natural environments, and a few examples of work relating to each are given. Most examples quoted are from work at Belleville, Ontario, on the parasitoid Pseudosarcophaga affinis Auct. nec. Fallén.
A Redescription of Metanopedias brunneipes (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae) With Notes on its Geographical Distribution and Host Relationships
Authors: Jackson Dale , Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMetanopedias sicarius Brues, 1910 is considered a new synonym of Trichacis brunneipes Ashmead, 1887. The genus Metanopedias Brues is redefined and Metanopedias brunneipes (Ashmead) new combination is proposed. The latter species is redescribed and illustrated, its geographical distribution and host relationships are listed and discussed.
Effect of Host (Musca domesticaLinnaeus) Age on the Pteromalid ParasiteNasonia vitripennis(Walker)
Authors: Chabora Peter C. , Pimentel David 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn investigation was made of the influence of age of the host (Musca domesticaLinn.) in the pupal stage on the oviposition behavior and development of the pteromalid parasiteNasonia vitripennis(Walk.). Five age groups of hosts were employed in 10 pair combinations with an excess of hosts available for selection. Except for the 1-day-old hosts, more of the younger hosts of the combinations produced parasite progeny while the older hosts had a high percentage yielding neither fly nor parasite. Parasite production per pupa was 6.25 on the youngest hosts, with the number decreasing to 4.85 per host at 5 days. Hosts 2, 3, and 4 days old combined with 1-day-old hosts had higher rates of parasitism than when combined with hosts of other ages. The ranking for successful parasitization of hosts, by age of pupae, was 2, 3, 1, 4, and 5 days old.
Diel Patterns of Mosquito Activity in a High Arctic Locality: Hazen Camp, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T.
Authors: Corbet Philip S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDiel patterns of emergence, flight, host-seeking and oviposition have been studied in two mosquitoes, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) impiger and A. (O.) nigripes, at Hazen Camp (71° 18′ W., 81° 49′ N.). Diel periodicities were detected in both species for all these activities except flight. Oviposition of A. nigripes shows a well-defined pattern, but otherwise periodicities are evident only as slight and somewhat irregular diel fluctuations. All diel patterns show a maximum near solar noon, and appear to result from a direct (exogenous) response to ambient temperature. The patterns of host-seeking flight, closely similar in both species, are compared with those recorded for Aedes (Ochlerotatus) at lower latitudes. Small morning and afternoon peaks at Hazen Camp are seen as vestiges of sunrise and sunset maxima that characterize this periodicity further south.
Review of the Fern Aphids in North America With Descriptions of a New Species and a New Genus
Authors: Robinson A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeven indigenous and four introduced species of aphids occur on ferns (Polypodiaceae) in North America. A new species,Macrosiphum cystopteris, is described, andMacrosiphum sleesmaniPepper is designated as type of a new genusPapulaphis.
Review of the Species ofTeratocorisFieber, With Description of a New Species From the Nearctic Region (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species,Teratocoris borealis, is described from Northwest Territories.T.viridisD. & S. is reported for the first time from the Nearctic Region.T.herbaticusUhl. andT.lineatusWagn. are synonymized withsaundersiD. & S.,T.caricisKirk. (=longicornisUhl.) is reinstated as a good species. Species are keyed and male genitalia are figured.
The Trichoptera of St. Helen's Island, Montreal: I. The Species Present and Their Relative Abundance at Light
Authors: Corbet Philip S. , Schmid F. , Augustin C. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSt. Helen's Island, the site of Trichoptera studies in 1964 and 1965, is described. The Trichoptera encountered are listed, and taxonomic notes given where appropriate. Catches from a light-trap operated nightly in each year provide information for the different species concerning: relative abundance, frequency and seasonal range of occurrence, pest status, and sex ratio. Of the 99 species recorded, eight were classified as pests (causing a nuisance at light), six having this status in both years; together these eight species made up 87.6% of the seasonal total in 1965. Between late May and late September 1965, when large numbers arrived at light (median nightly catch ca. 3 × 103), a nuisance occurred on about one third of nights. Excluding Psychomyia flavida, of which only females were taken at light, most species showed a slight preponderance of males, but sex ratios varied widely according to species, year and night of capture.
The Fauna of Fomes fomentarius (Linnaeus ex Fries) Kickx Growing on Dead Birch in Gatineau Park, Quebec
Authors: Pielou D. P. , Matthewman W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA list is given of 77 species of arthropods, taken in 1965 from the bracket fungus Fomes fomentarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx growing on dead birch, in Gatineau Park, Quebec.
Studies With Whitefly Parasites of Southern California: II.Eretmocerus californicusHoward (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Authors: Gerling Dan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEretmocerus californicusis a solitary parasite of numerous whitefly species. It is able to develop in all nymphal stages of its host but prefers the second and third. Oviposition and development of the first-instar larva take place under the host, the following two instars develop endoparasitically. Superparasitism is common under artificial conditions, but the supernumeraries are always eliminated during their first or second instar. Adult longevity is highest at 60° and lowest at 100° F. Males are rare and superfluous in Riverside but abundant and essential in Indio. In Riverside,E.californicusis most abundant during the late summer and is almost absent from the field between January and June. In Indio, it is present the year around. Although it attacks the same host instars asEncarsia pergandiellaHoward, no hyper- or multiple-parasitism takes place.E.californicusis an important controlling factor on whiteflies in the Coachella and Imperial valleys but not in Riverside and the coastal area.
Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a New Parasite of the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Canada
Authors: Hudon Marcel 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe capture of Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) is being reported as the first record of this ichneumonid as a parasite of the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) in Canada.
An Abnormal Larva of Anchylopera burgessiana Zeller (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)
Authors: Lindquist O. H. 
Published: December 2009

A larva with an extra proleg was collected near Orangeville in southern Ontario by A. A. Harnden, of the Forest Insect Survey, on 13 August 1964. The species was Anchylopera burgessiana Zeller, a leaf folder on red oak, Quercus rubra L.An abnormal larva reported previously (Lindquist 1964) had twin anal prolegs on a common base. The specimen reported here has a complete supernumerary proleg situated between the normal anal pair (Fig. 1). The extra appendage has 27 crotchets arranged in a complete circle. It resembles the prolegs on abdominal segments 3–6, although these bear about 42 crotchets also arranged in a circle. Crotchets on the normal anal pair of prolegs number 25 and 29.
Survival and Reproduction ofNasonia vitripennis(Walk.) at Different Host Population Densities
Authors: Wylie H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemales ofNasonia vitripennis(Walk.) lived longer, found more hosts, and produced more progeny at high host (housefly,Musca domesticaL.) population densities than at lower ones. Because they feed on the fly pupae that they parasitize, the female parasites were able to obtain more food at high host population densities. Starved and unstarved females produced progeny with similar sex ratios. By feeding on parasitized fly pupae when unparasitized ones are scarce, females ofN.vitripennisincrease their longevity and their ability to oviposit if they subsequently find unparasitized hosts. Females that have fed partly or entirely on parasitized pupae subsequently produce relatively more diapause progeny.
Air Ions and Blood pH of the Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella L.
Authors: Maw M. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThat insect blood pH can be altered by air ions was shown when larvae of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella L., were exposed to air ions at ion currents of 3 × 10−9 amp. Negative ions significantly raised the pH value over that of controls. Positive ions tended to depress the pH values, but the difference from the controls was slight and not significant. It is suggested that altered pH may be reflected in increased activity of insects when exposed to ionized air.