bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating the Charge‐Transfer Enhancement in GERS using an Electrical Field under Vacuum and an n/p‐Doping Atmosphere
Authors: Xu Hua , Chen Yabin , Xu Weigao , Zhang Haoli , Kong Jing , Dresselhaus Mildred S. , Zhang Jin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe modulation of charger‐transfer (CT) enhancement in graphene‐enhanced Raman scattering (GERS) by an electric field under different atmospheres is reported. The GERS spectra of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecules were collected by in situ Raman measurements under ambient air, vacuum, NH3 atmosphere, and O2 atmosphere, in which the Fermi level of graphene was modulated by an electrical field effect (EFE). The Raman scattering intensities of adsorbed molecules can be tuned to be stronger or weaker as the graphene Fermi level down‐shifts or up‐shifts under electrical field modulation. However, the Raman intensity modulation in GERS is seriously influenced by the hysteresis effect in graphene EFE, which makes the modulation ability small and shows strong gate voltage sweep rate dependence in ambient air. Fortunately, the hysteresis effect in graphene EFE can be decreased by performing the measurement under vacuum conditions, and thus the Raman modulation ability in GERS can be increased. Furthermore, compared with the vacuum condition, the Raman modulation ability shows an increase under an NH3 atmosphere, while it shows a decrease under an O2 atmosphere, which is due to the different Fermi level modulation region in different atmospheres. More interestingly, this Raman intensity modulation in GERS shows a hysteresis‐like behavior that is the same as the graphene Fermi level modulation under the EFE in a different atmosphere. All these observations suggest that the Raman enhancement in GERS occurs through a charge‐transfer (CT) enhancement mechanism and the CT process can be modulated by the graphene EFE. This technique will benefit the study of the basic properties of both graphene and chemical enhancement mechanism in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
Surface‐Confined Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle Composite Coating on Electrospun Polyimide Nanofibers
Authors: Carlberg Björn , Ye Li‐Lei , Liu Johan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA methodology for fabricating hierarchical nanostructures by surface‐confined synthesis of silver nanoparticles on electrospun polyimide nanofibers is reported. Through surface‐confined imide cleavage at the dianhydride domain via immersion in an aqueous KOH solution, potassium polyamate coatings of accurately defined thickness are formed (at a rate of 25 nm h−1). By utilizing the ion‐exchange capability of the polyamate resin, silver ions are introduced through immersion in an aqueous AgNO3 solution. Subsequent reduction of the metal ion species leads to the formation of nanoparticles at the fiber surface. Two modes of reduction, chemical and thermal, are investigated in the report, each leading to distinct morphologies of the nanoparticle coatings. Via thermal reduction, a composite surface layer consisting of monodisperse silver nanoparticles (average diameter 5.2 nm) embedded in a re‐imidized polyimide matrix is achieved. In the case of chemical reduction, the reduction process occurs preferentially at the surface of the fiber, leading to the formation of silver nanoparticles anchored at the surface, though not embedded, in a polyamic acid matrix. By regulating the modification depth, control of the particle density on the fiber surface is established. In both reduction approaches, the polyimide nanofiber core exhibits maintained integrity.
T‐wise combinatorial interaction test suites construction based on coverage inheritance
Authors: Calvagna Andrea , Gargantini Angelo 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYCombinatorial interaction testing (CIT) is a testing technique that requires covering all t‐sized tuples of values out of n parameter attributes or properties modelled after the input parameters or the configuration domain of a system under test. CIT test suites have shown to be very effective in software testing already at pairwise (t  =  2) level, and the effectiveness of CIT grows with the tuple width t. Unfortunately, the number of tuples to be tested also does grow. In order to reduce the testing effort, researchers addressed the issue of computing minimal‐sized CIT test suites with effective and scalable algorithms. However, still very few generally applicable t‐wise covering construction algorithms (and tools) do exist in literature. This paper presents an original greedy algorithm to compute t‐wise covering mixed covering arrays with constant space complexity, irrespective of the number of involved parameters and strength of interaction. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in a prototype tool, featuring also support for user constraints over the inputs. Assessment of the tool performance on a set of large, real‐world test systems is reported, with results encouraging its adoption in industrial production environments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total synthesis and functional analysis of non‐ribosomal peptides
Authors: Inoue Masayuki 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAntillatoxin and polytheonamide B are cytotoxic non‐ribosomal peptides, both isolated from marine sources. These molecules possess unique biological activities that relate to ion channel proteins. Antillatoxin binds and activates voltage‐gated sodium channels, while polytheonamide mimics functions of an ion channel protein. The goal of this research program is to control the function and behavior of ion channels in a desired fashion by exploiting structural motifs of these natural products. In the opening phase of this program, we first developed general and efficient synthetic routes to antillatoxin and polytheonamide B. The strategies for the total syntheses were then applied to the preparation of structurally varied derivatives for studies of structure‐function relationships, which resulted in deciphering important structural elements for the potent biological activities of these natural products.DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100014
Das Rechnen mit Wahrscheinlichkeiten in der Humangenetik
Authors: Fischer C. , Grimm T. 
Published: September 2011

Zusammenfassung
Für die Risikoberechnungen in Familien werden die wichtigsten Begriffe und Regeln aus der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechung erläutert und die Beschreibung Mendelscher Erbgänge formalisiert.
Seismic Clusters and their Characteristics at the Arabian Sea Triple Junction: Supportive Evidences for Plate Margin Deformations
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Basab , Mukhopadhyay Manoj , Dasgupta Sujit 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The plate margin features defining the Arabian Sea Triple Junction (ASTJ) are: the Aden Ridge (AR), Sheba Ridge (SR) with their intervening Alula-Fartak Transform (AFT), Carlsberg Ridge (CR) and Owen Fracture Zone (OFZ). Exact nature of ASTJ is presently debated: whether it is RRF (ridge-ridge-fault) or RRR (ridge-ridge-ridge) type. A revised seismicity map for ASTJ is given here using data for a period little more than a century. “Point density spatial statistical criterion” is applied to short-listed 742 earthquakes (mb ≥ 4.3), 10 numbers of spatio-temporal seismic clusters are identified for ASTJ and its arms. Relocated hypocentres help better constraining the cluster identification wherever such data exist. Seismic clusters actually diagnose the most intense zones of strain accumulation due to far field as well as the local stress operating at ASTJ. An earthquake swarm emanating from a prominent seismic cluster below SR provides an opportunity to investigate the pore pressure diffusion process (due to the active source) by means of “r-t plot”. Stress and faulting pattern in the active zones are deduced from 43 CMT solutions. While normal or lateral faulting is characteristic for these arms, an anomalous thrust earthquake occurs in the triangular ‘Wheatley Deep’ deformation zone proximal to ASTJ. The latter appears to have formed due to a shift of the deformational front from OFZ towards a transform that offsets SR. Though ASTJ is still in the process of evolution, available data favour that this RRF triple junction may eventually be converted to a more stable RRR type.
Widespread pain and medically certified disability pension in the Hordaland Health Study
Authors: Øverland S. , Harvey S.B. , Knudsen A.K. , Mykletun A. , Hotopf M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWidespread pain (WSP) is common in the general population and is associated with poor outcomes. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk for medically certified disability pension from WSP. We further studied how other common physical symptoms, common mental disorders and functional limitations influenced this risk. A prospective cohort design was established by linking the large population based Hordaland Health Study (n > 18000 individuals aged 40–46) with an administrative registry on disability pension awards. We modelled hazard ratios for later all‐cause and diagnosis specific disability pensioning from WSP, adjusted for potential confounders and examined the impact of other co‐occurring health problems and functional limitations. WSP was common (12.4%) and associated with a range of mental health, and non‐specific and non‐musculoskeletal symptoms. As expected, WSP was a strong predictor for disability pension award. Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for socio‐economic status, health behaviours and comorbid medical diagnoses indicated WSP was strongest in predicting pensioning for musculoskeletal diagnoses (HR = 5.91, 95% CI 4.64–7.54), but also predicted pensioning for mental disorder (HR = 3.13, 95% CI 2.20–4.46) and other diagnoses (HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.30–2.51). Further adjustments for other common symptoms, including mental illness, reduced, but did not abolish these risks. WSP is a major risk factor for disability pensions, and not only pensions for musculoskeletal disorders. The global impact of WSP, and its close association to other symptoms, suggests prevention of the severe occupational outcomes for this group must have a broad focus and move beyond symptom directed approaches.
Antihyperglycaemic activity ofAsparagus racemosusroots is partly mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancement of cellular insulin action
Authors: Hannan J. M. A. , Ali Liaquat , Khaleque Junaida , Akhter Masfida , Flatt Peter R. , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H. A. 
Published: September 2011

Asparagus racemosusroots have been shown to enhance insulin secretion in perfused pancreas and isolated islets. The present study investigated the effects of ethanol extracts ofA. racemosusroots on glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats, together with the effects on insulin action in 3T3 adipocytes. When administered orally together with glucose,A. racemosusextract improved glucose tolerance in normal as well as in two types of diabetic rats. To investigate the possible effects on carbohydrate absorption, the sucrose content of the gastrointestinal tract was examined in 12 h fasted rats after an oral sucrose load (2·5 g/kg body weight). The extract significantly suppressed postprandial hyperglycaemia after sucrose ingestion and reversibly increased unabsorbed sucrose content throughout the gut. The extract also significantly inhibited the absorption of glucose duringin situgut perfusion with glucose. Furthermore, the extract enhanced glucose transport and insulin action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Daily administration ofA. racemosusto type 2 diabetic rats for 28 d decreased serum glucose, increased pancreatic insulin, plasma insulin, liver glycogen and total oxidant status. These findings indicate that antihyperglycaemic activity ofA. racemosusis partly mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, together with enhancement of insulin secretion and action in the peripheral tissue.Asparagus racemosusmay be useful as a source of novel antidiabetic compounds or a dietary adjunct for the management of diabetes.
Low concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D associated with increased risk for chronic bronchitis among US adults
Authors: Zhao Guixiang , Ford Earl S. , Tsai James , Li Chaoyang , Croft Janet B. 
Published: September 2011

Increasing evidence suggests that vitamin D benefits both innate and adaptive immunity, thereby eliciting an anti-inflammatory effect and reducing the risk of infectious disease. The present study examined the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk of chronic bronchitis among US adults. We analysed data from 6872 US adults aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the 2003–6 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Prevalence and OR with 95 % CI of having self-reported chronic bronchitis were estimated by quintiles of 25(OH)D or vitamin D-deficiency status after adjustment for potential confounders. The results showed that the adjusted prevalence of chronic bronchitis ranged from 2·4 (95 % CI 1·4, 3·3) % among adults in the highest quintile of 25(OH)D ( ≥ 30 ng/ml) to 4·1 (95 % CI 2·5, 5·6) % among adults in the lowest quintile ( < 15 ng/ml; P for trend < 0·01). The adjusted OR for chronic bronchitis was 1·85 (95 % CI 1·06, 3·24) in adults with < 15 ng/ml 25(OH)D and 1·77 (95 % CI 1·19, 2·65) in those with 15 to < 20 ng/ml 25(OH)D compared with adults with ≥ 30 ng/ml 25(OH)D. Additionally, the adjusted OR for chronic bronchitis was 1·52 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·26) among adults with vitamin D deficiency ( < 20 ng/ml 25(OH)D) compared with those with ≥ 20 ng/ml 25(OH)D. For every 1 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D, the likelihood of having chronic bronchitis fell by 2·6 % (P = 0·016). In conclusion, low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with the increased risk of chronic bronchitis among US adults. The present results provide support for continuing research on the role of vitamin D in lung diseases.
Paranasal sinus computed tomography anatomy: a surgeon's perspective
Authors: Ramakrishnan Y , Zammit-Maempel I , Jones N S , Carrie S 
Published: September 2011

AbstractComputed tomography scans serve as a critical ‘roadmap’ for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. A systematic evaluation of such scans, and an awareness of any anatomical variants that may modify one's surgical approach, allow one to pre-empt complications. This article describes, from a novice's perspective, two methods of evaluating paranasal sinus computed tomography scans: a quick assessment technique; and a step-wise, operative approach covering radiological features relevant to pre- and peri-operative management.
Venezuela's Social-Based Democratic Model: Innovations and Limitations
Authors: ELLNER STEVE 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUnder the Chávez government, the incorporation and participation of popular sectors, which is the essence of ‘social-based democracy’, has been quantitatively and qualitatively different from socialist government and welfare-state strategies of the past. Venezuela's social-based democracy focuses on education, job skills, ideology, transformation of values and empowerment, achievements which Chavista leaders consider to be imperatives for socialist development. However, Chavista social programmes have been undermined by institutional weakness, are sometimes not cost-effective, and are politicised. Conflicting views among the Chavistas on the role of the state hinge on the issue of whether initiatives from above in favour of social-based democracy represent a viable strategy for far-reaching change. The Venezuelan government's changing priorities after 2007 have detracted from the primacy of social programmes.
‘Arisen from Deep Slumber’: Transnational Politics and Competing Nationalisms among Syrian Immigrants in Argentina, 1900–1922
Authors: HYLAND STEVEN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article examines how Syrian immigrants in Argentina responded to the intersection of transnational politics and nascent nationalisms between 1900 and 1922. In particular, it studies the role of Syrian intellectuals in Argentina in advocating a variety of political allegiances that changed over time as their homelands suffered a series of intense political transformations during the first two decades of the twentieth century. The emergence of Syrian and Lebanese ethnic identities as well as an Arab racialised identity was the product of distinct political programmes circulating in the Levant and among the Syrian émigré communities in the Americas, threatening to undermine the immigrant colony's sense of community.
Generational positions at a family dinner: Food morality and social order
Authors: Aronsson Karin , Gottzén Lucas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article concerns generation and food morality, drawing on video recordings of dinners in Swedish middle-class families. A detailed analysis of affect displays during one family dinner extends prior work on food morality (Ochs, Pontecorvo, & Fasulo 1996; Grieshaber 1997; Bourdieu 2003; Wiggins 2004), documenting ways in which participants may shift between distinctgenerational positionswith respect to affects and food morality (from “irresponsible child” to caretaker positions). In our recordings, an elder sibling is shifting between a series of contrasting affective stances (Ochs & Schieffelin 1989; M. Goodwin 2006; Stivers 2008), linked to generational positions along an implicit age continuum: positioning himself, at one end of the continuum, as his young brother's accomplice, and at the other as an adult, a serious guardian of food morality. This study shows that generational positions are not fixed, but are positions adopted as parts of language socialization and interactional events. (Generational positions, caretaker positions, social age, affective stances, alignments, negotiations, food morality, language socialization, family life, dinnertime)*
Managing multiple actions through multimodality: Doctors' involvement in interpreter-mediated interactions
Authors: Pasquandrea Sergio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMany studies (Heath 1984b, 1986; Robinson 1998; Robinson & Stivers 2001; Greatbach 2006; Frers 2009) have shown that, while interacting with their patients, doctors fulfill several tasks (speaking, reading, writing prescriptions, reporting data on the computer, etc.) through an interplay of diverse multimodal resources (speech, gesture, body posture, gaze, object manipulation, etc.). In comparison, multimodality in interpreter-mediated medical encounters has received scant attention. This contribution examines a corpus of interactions involving Italian doctors, Chinese patients, and an interpreter. Having to manage multiparty and multitask conversations with patients with whom no direct communication is possible, doctors are forced to rely heavily on multimodality. The analysis here shows how the simultaneous actions performed by the doctors are coordinated through the use of multiple modalities. The outcomes on the global organization of interpreter-mediated interaction are also discussed. (Conversation analysis, doctor-patient interaction, interpreting, multitasking, multimodality)*
Density of hyperbolicity for rational maps with Cantor Julia sets
Authors: PENG WENJUAN , YIN YONGCHENG , ZHAI YU 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, taking advantage of quasi-conformal surgery, we prove that each non-hyperbolic rational map with a Cantor Julia set can be approximated by hyperbolic rational maps with Cantor Julia sets of the same degree.
Minerals and Aligned Collagen Fibrils in Tilapia Fish Scales: Structural Analysis Using Dark-Field and Energy-Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Tomography
Authors: Okuda Mitsuhiro , Ogawa Nobuhiro , Takeguchi Masaki , Hashimoto Ayako , Tagaya Motohiro , Chen Song , Hanagata Nobutaka , Ikoma Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe mineralized structure of aligned collagen fibrils in a tilapia fish scale was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques after a thin sample was prepared using aqueous techniques. Electron diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy data indicated that a mineralized internal layer consisting of aligned collagen fibrils contains hydroxyapatite crystals. Bright-field imaging, dark-field imaging, and energy-filtered TEM showed that the hydroxyapatite was mainly distributed in the hole zones of the aligned collagen fibrils structure, while needle-like materials composed of calcium compounds including hydroxyapatite existed in the mineralized internal layer. Dark-field imaging and three-dimensional observation using electron tomography revealed that hydroxyapatite and needle-like materials were mainly found in the matrix between the collagen fibrils. It was observed that hydroxyapatite and needle-like materials were preferentially distributed on the surface of the hole zones in the aligned collagen fibrils structure and in the matrix between the collagen fibrils in the mineralized internal layer of the scale.
On the Use of the Rorschach in the Assessment of Psychological Functioning Following Sexual Abuse in Adolescent Girls: A Research Note
Authors: Rojas Breedy Ana Lorena 
Published: September 2011

Le développement de la recherche concernant les caractéristiques psychométriques des victimes d’abus sexuels se justifie par la dynamique psychique qui accompagne fréquemment l’abus, ainsi que par la pression occasionnée par le secret et les états internes douloureux. Dans cette étude, le Rorschach fut administré à dix-huit adolescentes qui avaient été victimes d’abus sexuels et qui suivaient une psychothérapie de groupe dans la Clinique pour Adolescents de l’Hôpital National des Enfants de Costa Rica. Le but était d’évaluer l’impact psychologique des abus sexuels. On procéda à l’analyse des contenus et du matériel verbal, et on trouva une élévation inhabituelle des contenus tels que Sang (Bl), Anatomie (An) et Sexe (Sx). Ces contenus, ainsi que le matériel verbal, indiquent la présence d’un stress post-traumatique (images intrusives des scènes traumatiques avec contenus sexuels violents); les relations interpersonnelles sont perçues comme intrinsèquement liées à la sexualité et/ou l’agressivité; on observe une sexualisation traumatique, dans laquelle la sexualité est associée à l’agressivité et à des affects de douleur, et où prédominent les questions sexuelles et la confusion dans l’identité sexuelle; un sentiment d’impuissance, qui indique que le sujet se perçoit comme une victime, incapable de se défendre et persuadé de son inefficacité; et la stigmatisation, qui reflète de forts sentiments d’être abîmé et endommagé. Tout au long de cette recherche, le Rorschach est apparu comme un instrument tout à fait pertinent pour mieux comprendre les caractéristiques de l’impact psychologique de l’abus sexuel chez les victimes, facilitant ensuite la formulation des objectifs de traitement, et permettant d’alerter sur la possibilité d’un abus chez des victimes silencieuses.