bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel method to improve the efficiency of a cooking device via thermal insulation
Authors: Ganguli Arijit A. , Gudekar Ajitkumar S. , Pandit Aniruddha B. , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe propose a method of finding the transient temperature variation in an insulated cooking device. We also report a means of optimising the thickness of insulation. The cooking device is a double walled cylindrical vessel with spacing of 5–20 mm between the vertical walls (width) and spacing of 560 or 870 mm between top and bottom surfaces (height). The height to width ratio (H/L) is between 28 and 174 and Rayleigh number (Ra) is between 907 and 2.61 × 105. First, an energy balance for the cooking device is established. A correlation is developed to predict the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) as a function of Ra and H/L. The method developed for finding the transient variation in temperature has been tested on two cooking device volumes: 120 and 700 lit. Using the optimised parameters, a reduction in heat loss of 22% and 30%, respectively, is observed. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Drag reduction in turbulent pipeline flow of mixed nonionic polymer and cationic surfactant systems
Authors: Mohsenipour Ali Asghar , Pal Rajinder 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTurbulent drag reduction behaviour of a mixed nonionic polymer/cationic surfactant system was studied in a pipeline flow loop to explore the synergistic effects of polymeric and surfactant drag reducing additives. The nonionic polymer used was polyethylene oxide (PEO) at three different concentrations (500, 1000, and 2000 ppm). The surfactant used was cationic octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC) at concentration levels of 1000 and 2500 ppm. Sodium salicylate (NaSal) was used as a counter‐ion for the surfactant at a molar ratio of 2 (MR = Salt/OTAC = 2).Relative viscosity and surface tension were measured for different combinations of PEO and OTAC. While the relative viscosities demonstrated a week interaction between the polymer and the surfactant, the surface tension measurements exhibited negligible interaction.The pipeline results show a considerable synergistic effect, that is, the mixed polymer–surfactant system gives a significantly higher drag reduction (lower friction factors) as compared with pure polymer or pure surfactant. The addition of surfactant to the polymer always enhances drag reduction. However, the synergistic effect in mixed system is stronger at low polymer concentrations and high surfactant concentrations. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Study of transition velocity from bubbling to turbulent fluidisation by recurrence plots analysis on pressure fluctuations
Authors: Tahmasebpour M. , Zarghami Reza , Sotudeh‐Gharebagh Rahmat , Mostoufi Navid 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecurrence plot (RP) and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) have been used for studying the dynamic behaviour of gas–solid fluidised beds. RQA variables (recurrence rate, determinism, laminarity and entropy) were calculated for the bubbling fluidised bed at different superficial gas velocities (ranging 0.1–1.5 m/s) and aspect ratios (1, 1.5 and 2). Patterns within RP changed with these various conditions, and subsequently RQA parameters changed accordingly. These changes can be potentially useful to study the bed hydrodynamic. It was shown that transition from bubbling to turbulent velocity can be determined by the variation of recurrence rate and entropy. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Potential of Oil Palm Trunk Sap as a Novel Inexpensive Renewable Carbon Feedstock for Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biosynthesis and as a Bacterial Growth Medium
Authors: Lokesh Bhadravathi Eswara , Hamid Zubaidah Aimi Abdul , Arai Takamitsu , Kosugi Akihiko , Murata Yoshinori , Hashim Rokiah , Sulaiman Othman , Mori Yutaka , Sudesh Kumar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUtilization of cheap renewable carbon feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production not only brings down its production cost but also ensures sustainability. The scope of this study was to evaluate the potential of sap extracted from felled oil palm trunk (OPT) as a novel inexpensive renewable carbon source for PHA production. OPT sap was found to be nutritionally rich and contained various fermentable sugars (5.5% w/v) as its major constituent. Termite gut isolate, Bacillus megaterium MC1 grew profoundly in mineral medium with OPT sap as carbon source and a cell density of 10.9 g/L was attained after 16 h of cultivation in shake flask cultures. A maximum poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] content (% cell dry weight; CDW) of 30 wt% and a P(3HB) concentration of 3.28 g/L was recorded. Additionally, OPT sap extracted from younger tree trunks with prolonged storage had higher sugar content (10.8% w/v) and, when used as a growth medium without the addition of any nutrients, supported bacterial growth comparable to commercially available media.
Forced extension of delipidated red blood cell cytoskeleton with little indication of spectrin unfolding
Authors: Afrin Rehana , Nakaji Masato , Sekiguchi Hiroshi , Lee David , Kishimoto Kikuo , Ikai Atsushi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractForce‐extension curves obtained on intact human red blood cells (RBC) were compared with those of delipidated RBCs to assess the contribution of cytoskeletal flexibility to the extensibility of the intact membrane skeleton. The RBCs were first delipidated by treatment with phospholipase A2; tensile properties of the exposed cytoskeletal structures were measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The AFM probes were modified either with the Band 3 specific lectin, concanavalin A, (Con A) or anti‐F‐actin antibody, to localize the point of interaction between the probe and the cytoskeleton. Extension of the spectrin‐based cytoskeleton reached up to 2–3 μm with a force less than 70 pN without showing any force peaks before the final rupture of the adhesive bonds. Our interpretation of the result is that the spectrin‐based network was slack enough to allow the observed degree of extension without unfolding the tetrameric spectrin molecules. The force‐extension curves obtained either on Band 3‐ankyrin loci or on junction nodes of the cytoskeleton were not significantly different. Experimental results were verified by computer simulation of pulling mechanics of a network model of the RBC cytoskeleton. Our experimental results are also in agreement with the theoretical prediction of Mirijanian and Voth [2008; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:1204–1208]. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Plus‐end directed myosins accelerate actin filament sliding by single‐headed myosin VI
Authors: Ramamurthy Bhagavathi , Cao Wenxiang , De La Cruz Enrique M. , Mooseker Mark S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMyosin VI (Myo6) is unique among myosins in that it moves toward the minus (pointed) end of the actin filament. Thus to exert tension on, or move cargo along an actin filament, Myo6 is working against potentially multiple plus (barbed)‐end myosins. To test the effect of plus‐end motors on Myo6, the gliding actin filament assay was used to assess the motility of single‐headed Myo6 in the absence and presence of cardiac myosin II (Myo2) and myosin Va (Myo5a). Myo6 alone exhibited a filament gliding velocities of 60.34 ± 13.68 nm/s. Addition of either Myo2 or Myo5a, at densities below that required to promote plus‐end movement resulted in an increase in Myo6 velocity (∼100–150% increase). Movement in the presence of these plus‐end myosins was minus‐end directed as determined using polarity tagged filaments. High densities of Myo2 or Myo5a were required to convert to plus‐end directed motility indicating that Myo6 is a potent inhibitor of Myo2 and Myo5a. Previous studies have shown that two‐headed Myo6 slows and then stalls in an anchored state under load. Consistent with these studies, velocity of a two headed heavy mero myosin form of Myo6 was unaffected by Myo5a at low densities, and was inhibited at high Myo5a densities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Association of Aurora‐A (STK15) kinase polymorphisms with clinical outcome of esophageal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiation
Authors: Pan Jennifer Y. , Ajani Jaffer A. , Gu Jian , Gong Yubo , Quin Angel , Hung Maosheng , Wu Xifeng , Izzo Julie G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Aurora‐A/STK15 is a serine/threonine kinase critical for regulated chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. We investigated the association between 2 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of STK15, T91A (Phe31Ile) and G169A (Val57Ile), and clinical outcome of esophageal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiation.METHODS:Genotypes at Phe31Ile and Val57Ile were assessed from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 190 esophageal cancer patients and were correlated to response to treatment, recurrence rate, risk of death, disease‐free survival (DFS) and median survival time (MTS).RESULTS:All patients had resectable esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer and received preoperative chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy. The heterozygous variant Phe31/Ile variant was significantly associated with tumor recurrence (odds ratio [OR] = 4.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12‐8.94; P < .001), shorter DFS (P = .0001), and shorter MTS (P = .012). For patients receiving cisplatin‐based therapy, only the variant Phe31/Ile had an adverse effect on response (OR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.01‐5.17; P = .048) and MTS (P = .026). The variant 91A‐169G haplotype carried a significant risk for lack of complete response (OR = 2.54; 95% CI, 1.15‐5.54) and higher rate of recurrence (OR = 2.73; 95%CI, 1.00‐7.29). The presence of at least 1 variant allele at each locus further increased the risk of recurrence (adjusted OR = 6.21; 95% CI, 2.28‐17.11; P = <.001), and was associated significantly shorter DFS (P = .003).CONCLUSIONS:Our study shows that functional SNPs in the STK15 gene are associated with higher rate of recurrence, higher likelihood of chemoratiotherapy‐resistance, shorter DFS, and shorter MTS. Confirmation of our data and understanding the mechanisms through which STK15 functional SNPs mediate resistance to chemoradiotherapy are warranted. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 study of maintenance enzastaurin with 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin plus bevacizumab after first‐line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Wolff Robert A. , Fuchs Martin , Di Bartolomeo Maria , Hossain Anwar M. , Stoffregen Clemens , Nicol Steven , Heinemann Volker 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Enzastaurin and bevacizumab have demonstrated synergistic antitumor effects and, in phase 1 studies, the combination was well tolerated. This phase 2 study assessed enzastaurin with 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin plus bevacizumab as maintenance therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC).METHODS:Patients with locally advanced or MCRC and stable or responding disease after completing 6 cycles of first‐line chemotherapy randomly received a loading dose of enzastaurin 1125 mg, followed by 500 mg/d subsequent doses or placebo. Both arms received 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin (leucovorin 400 mg/m2 intravenously [IV], 5‐fluorouracil 400‐mg/m2 bolus, 5‐fluorouracil 2400 mg/m2 IV) plus bevacizumab 5 mg/kg IV, every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS), from randomization. Overall survival (OS) and PFS were also assessed from start of first‐line therapy. Enrollment was stopped, and the final analysis was conducted after 73 PFS events.RESULTS:Fifty‐eight patients were randomized to enzastaurin and 59 to placebo. For the enzastaurin and placebo arms, respectively, the median cycles received were 9 and 10, and the median PFS was 5.8 and 8.1 months (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84‐2.16; P = .896). Median OS was not calculable because of high censoring (77.6% enzastaurin; 91.5% placebo). The median PFS from start of first‐line therapy was 8.9 months for enzastaurin and 11.3 months for placebo (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.86‐2.23; P = .913). More enzastaurin patients developed thrombosis or embolism compared with placebo (15.8% and 1.7%; P = .008). One possibly enzastaurin‐related death occurred because of arrhythmia.CONCLUSIONS:Enzastaurin combined with bevacizumab‐based therapy is tolerable, but does not improve PFS during maintenance therapy in patients with MCRC compared with bevacizumab‐based therapy alone. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Survival outcomes in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor for patients undergoing radiotherapy in a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis
Authors: Buscariollo Daniela L. , Park Henry S. , Roberts Kenneth B. , Yu James B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare central nervous system malignancy with a poor prognosis that affects mostly young children. Although radiotherapy (RT) historically has been delayed in patients aged <3 years, emerging evidence suggests a role for RT to achieve long‐term survivorship. Clinical features and age‐dependent trends of RT use were evaluated for patients with ATRT.METHODS:The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify 144 patients with ATRT from 1973 to 2008. The primary endpoint was median overall survival (OS). Clinical and treatment variables were assessed for an association with OS using Cox proportional hazards models. Landmark analysis was used to correct for immortal time bias of adjuvant RT.RESULTS:The median age at diagnosis was 1 year (range, 0‐67 years). Gross total resection of the primary tumor was achieved in 39% of patients, and 33% of patients received RT. From 1992 to 2008, RT use increased 2.4‐fold in patients aged ≤3 years. The median OS for was 10 months. In multivariate analyses, metastatic disease (hazard ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.53‐5.23; P = .001) and RT (hazard ratio, 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.01‐0.73; P = .02) were identified as independent predictors of survival. Landmark analysis confirmed a robust association between RT use and survival, which was attenuated in patients ages 4 to 17 years compared with younger patients.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that RT may offer a significant survival benefit for patients with ATRT and that patients aged ≤3 years may derive more benefit from initial RT compared with older children. The authors concluded that prospective clinical trials are needed to examine the role of RT in the initial management of ATRT in patients aged <3 years. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A method for analyzing the business case for provider participation in the National Cancer Institute's Community Clinical Oncology Program and similar federally funded, provider‐based research networks
Authors: Reiter Kristin L. , Song Paula H. , Minasian Lori , Good Marjorie , Weiner Bryan J. , McAlearney Ann Scheck 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) plays an essential role in the efforts of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to increase enrollment in clinical trials. Currently, there is little practical guidance in the literature to assist provider organizations in analyzing the return on investment (ROI), or business case, for establishing and operating a provider‐based research network (PBRN) such as the CCOP. In this article, the authors present a conceptual model of the business case for PBRN participation, a spreadsheet‐based tool and advice for evaluating the business case for provider participation in a CCOP organization.METHODS:A comparative, case‐study approach was used to identify key components of the business case for hospitals attempting to support a CCOP research infrastructure. Semistructured interviews were conducted with providers and administrators. Key themes were identified and used to develop the financial analysis tool.RESULTS:Key components of the business case included CCOP start‐up costs, direct revenue from the NCI CCOP grant, direct expenses required to maintain the CCOP research infrastructure, and incidental benefits, most notably downstream revenues from CCOP patients. The authors recognized the value of incidental benefits as an important contributor to the business case for CCOP participation; however, currently, this component is not calculated.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that providing a method for documenting the business case for CCOP or other PBRN involvement will contribute to the long‐term sustainability and expansion of these programs by improving providers' understanding of the financial implications of participation. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Developmental changes of rhesus monkeys in response to separation from the mother
Authors: Zhang Bo , Suarez‐Jimenez Benjamin , Hathaway Amanda , Waters Carlos , Vaughan Kelli , Noble Pamela L. , Fox Nathan A. , Suomi Stephen J. , Pine Daniel S. , Nelson Eric E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe development of separation response behaviors in infant rhesus macaques across the first 6 months of life was assessed. Seventeen infants underwent a neonatal assessment at 7, 14, 21, and 30 days of age which included a brief period of social isolation. At 3 and 6 months of age these same monkeys and four additional subjects were again subjected to a period of brief social isolation and also exposed to a novel environment with their sedated mother. Results indicate a developmental increase followed by a steady decline in the frequency of separation vocalizations. A modest relationship between early‐infancy locomotor profiles and separation responses was also observed at several time points suggesting a possible relationship between these measures. However, stable inter‐individual measures of separation distress did not emerge until late in the infantile period. This could suggest that high levels of maternal contact‐seeking behavior early in infancy are context specific and not a reliable index of enduring temperament. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 798–807, 2012
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: A marker for positive social functioning and receptive language skills in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Patriquin Michelle A. , Scarpa Angela , Friedman Bruce H. , Porges Stephen W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe current study builds on the emerging autism spectrum disorder (ASD) literature that associates autonomic nervous system activity with social function, and examines the link between respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and both social behavior and cognitive function. The RSA response pattern was assessed in 23 4‐ to 7‐year‐old children diagnosed with an ASD. Higher baseline RSA amplitudes were associated with better social behavior (i.e., more conventional gestures, more instances of joint attention) and receptive language abilities. Similar to reports of typically developing children, ASD children with higher RSA amplitude at baseline showed greater RSA and HP reactivity during an attention‐demanding task. These results highlight the importance of studying RSA as a marker of positive function in children with ASD. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 101–112, 2013
“Allorestriction” should be distinguished from “alloreactivity”
Authors: Cohn Melvin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhether or not allorestriction should be distinguished from alloreactivity depends on one's model of the TCR–ligand interaction. If the ligand is viewed as a determinant formed by a meld between peptide and the MHC‐encoded restricting element, then the TCR, like the BCR, has a single combining site specific for the composite epitope (the Centric Model). If, however, one views the recognition of peptide and the MHC‐encoded restricting element as independent, then interactions at two sites of the TCR must be integrated to signal the T cell (the Tritope Model). As TCR recognition of the MHC‐encoded restricting element is, by definition, restricted (allele‐specific), then under the Centric Model, all TCR signaling interactions with the composite epitope are due to allorestriction, which is peptide‐specific. In contrast, under the Tritope Model, there are two classes of signaling interaction, allorestriction and alloreactivity. Alloreactivity is peptide‐unspecific and is triggered by recognition of the allo‐MHC‐encoded restricting element allele. Alloreactivity is incompatible with the Centric Model, under which one would predict that it does not exist. Selected data are analyzed to illustrate the importance of this distinction.
Studies on the Diastereoselective Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reaction on Regioisomeric Chiral Perhydrobenzoxazines Derived from (–)‐8‐Aminomenthol
Authors: Maestro Alicia , Pedrosa Rafael , Pérez‐Encabo Alfonso , Pérez‐Rueda Juan J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractChiral perhydrobenzoxazines derived from (–)‐8‐aminomenthol and containing a 1,6‐enyne moiety participate in intramolecular diastereoselective Pauson–Khand reactions with diastereoselection that depends on the nature of the starting compounds. 3‐Propargyl‐2‐vinyl‐substituted perhydrobenzoxazines yielded the cyclization products with low diastereoselectivity except for compounds where the double bond was 1,2‐disubstituted. Regioisomeric perhydrobenzoxazines with the acetylenic bond at C‐2 and an allyl substituent at the nitrogen atom gave much better stereochemical discrimination.
An extension of the grid empowered molecular simulator to quantum reactive scattering
Authors: Rampino Sergio , Faginas Lago Noelia , Laganà Antonio , Huarte‐Larrañaga Fermin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWithin the activities of the D37 COST Action, we have further developed the quantum dynamics framework of the grid empowered molecular simulator (GEMS) implemented on the segment of the European grid available to the COMPCHEM (computational chemistry) virtual organization. GEMS does now include in a full ab initio approach, the evaluation of the detailed quantum (both time dependent and time independent) dynamics of small systems starting from the calculation of the electronic structure properties as well as the direct calculation of thermalized properties. Illustrative, full dimensional applications of the extended simulator to the H + H2, N + N2, and O + O2 systems are presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
In vivo degradation and new bone formation of calcium phosphate cement–gelatin powder composite related to macroporosity after in situ gelatin degradation
Authors: Kasuya Akihiro , Sobajima Satoshi , Kinoshita Mitsuo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) is reported to have excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, its biodegradability must be improved to promote bone regeneration. We have mixed gelatin powder with CPC to create a composite containing macropores with interconnectivity. Sixty rabbits were grouped as follows: 85wt% CPC to 15wt% gelatin powder (C15), 90wt% CPC to 10wt% gelatin powder (C10), 100wt% CPC (C0) as control group and Sham group. Trabecular bone defects of distal femurs were made and implanted with the composites. The femurs were harvested for histomorphometry at 4, 12, 24 weeks after implantation, and mechanical testing at 3 days, 1, 4, 12, 24 weeks. Compared with C0, X‐ray and micro‐CT results of the composites revealed a progressive increase in the amount of CPC–gelatin powder composite which was replaced by trabeculae. New bone area increased from 3.8 to 18% in C10, and 4.2 to 22% in C15, residual composite area decreased from 65 to 31% in C10, and 70 to 20% in C15. The compressive strength of C15 was 9.2 MPa, which was inferior to 14.6 MPa (normal cancellous bone), but was 27.4 MPa in C10 at 1 week. Further improvement of this composite may make a suitable scaffold for bone regeneration. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1103–1111, 2012