bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of styrene using pyrazolylimine nickel (II)/methylaluminoxane catalytic systems
Authors: Wang Yuan‐yuan , Li Ben‐xia , Zhu Fang‐ming , Gao Hai‐yang , Wu Qing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe polymerization of styrene with two pyrazolylimine nickel (II) complexes of (2‐(C3HN2Me2‐3, 5)(C(Ph) = N(4‐R2C6H2(R1)2‐2, 6)NiBr2 (Complex 1, R1 = iPr, R2 = H; Complex 2, R1 = H, R2 = NO2)) activated by methylaluminoxane was studied. The influences of polymerization parameters such as polymerization temperature, Al/Ni molar ratio, and reaction time on catalytic activity and molecular weight of the polystyrene (PS) were investigated in detail. The electron‐withdrawing of nitro group in Complex 2 could not enhance the catalytic activity for styrene polymerization; however, the molecular weights of polymers were increased. Both of the two catalytic systems exhibited high activity [up to 8.45 × 105 gPS/(mol Ni h)] for styrene polymerization and provide PS with moderate to low‐molecular weights (Mw = 2.21 × 104∼ 5.71 × 103 g/mol) and narrower molecular weight distributions about 2.0. The obtained PS were characterized by means of IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR techniques. The results indicated that the PS was atactic polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Induced Circular‐Dichroism Chirality Probes for Selective Amino Acid Detection through Screening of a Dynamic Combinatorial Library of Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Shinoda Satoshi , Terada Keiko , Tsukube Hiroshi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA dynamic combinatorial library of lanthanide complexes was prepared to develop induced‐circular‐dichroism (CD) chirality probes. It totaled 168 combinations of coordinative N‐aromatic chromophores, trivalent lanthanide centers, and guest amino acids. Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes prepared with quinolinecarboxylic acid were particularly effective as induced‐CD chirality probes for selective alanine detection, whereas a Yb3+ complex with terpyridine exhibited glutamine selectivity. The former two complexes highly preferred alanine to the corresponding amine, ester, amino alcohol, and carboxylic acid derivatives. As such, the present combinatorial screening of a dynamic lanthanide complex library has led to a new series of induced‐CD chirality probes for specific amino acids.
Fuzzy Identification of Nonlinear Systems via Orthogonal Transform
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Wang Jia , Gu Hong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the application of orthogonal transforms and fuzzy competitive learning to extract fuzzy rules from data. The least square algorithm with orthogonal transforms is proposed to supervise the progress of fuzzy competitive learning. First of all, competitive learning takes place in the product space of system inputs and outputs and each cluster corresponds to a fuzzy IF–THEN rule. The fuzzy relation matrix, confirmed by fuzzy competitive learning, is studied by the orthogonal least square algorithm. The validity of fuzzy rules is obtained by analyzing the effect of orthogonal vectors in the fuzzy model, and subsequently removing less important ones. The structure identification and parameter identification of the fuzzy model are simultaneously confirmed in the proposed algorithm. Using simulation results as an example, the fuzzy model of non‐linear systems can be built by using the proposed algorithm.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Mammalian cells as biopharmaceutical production hosts in the age of omics
Authors: Dietmair Stefanie , Nielsen Lars K. , Timmins Nicholas E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMammalian cells are important hosts for the production of a wide range of biopharmaceuticals due to their ability to produce correctly folded and glycosylated proteins. Compared to microbes and yeast, however, the productivity of mammalian cells is low because of their comparatively slow growth rate, tendency to undergo apoptosis, and low production capacities. While much effort has been invested in the engineering of mammalian cells with superior production characteristics, the success of these approaches has been limited to date. One factor responsible for this lack of success is our limited understanding of the cellular basis for high productivity, and of how discrete mechanisms within a cell contribute to the overall phenotype. Aiming to measure and characterize all cellular components at different functional levels, omics technologies have the potential to improve our understanding of mammalian cell physiology, elucidating new targets for the generation of a superior host cell line. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent examples of omics studies in the context of mammalian cells as production hosts, highlighting both the challenges and successes in the application of these powerful technologies.
Oromandibular reconstruction
Authors: Cannon Trinitia Y. , Strub Graham M. , Yawn Robert J. , Day Terry A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMandibular reconstruction is often necessary due to congenital, traumatic, infectious, and following treatment for neoplasms of the region. Mandibular defects following ablative surgery for malignant tumors of the head and neck region impact both form and function and require a multidisciplinary approach to optimize functional and cosmetic outcomes. A variety of options exist for mandibular reconstruction and ranging from primary closure, allografts, and autografts, to locoregional and free tissue transfers. This article will focus upon the reconstructive and rehabilitative options for mandibular defects following treatment for head and neck tumors. Clin. Anat. 25:108–119, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Silylboranes as New Sources of Silyl Radicals for Chain‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Rouquet Guy , Robert Frédéric , Méreau Raphaël , Castet Frédéric , Renaud Philippe , Landais Yannick 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVarious silylboranes, which were outfitted with a catecholborane moiety at one end and a (Me3Si)3Si moiety at the other end of a carbon chain, were prepared through the hydroboration of the corresponding unsaturated silanes. The C‐centered radical species generated from these silylboranes efficiently cyclized to provide, through a 5‐exo intramolecular homolytic substitution at the silicon center, the corresponding silacycle and a Me3Si radical that was subsequently trapped by sulfonyl acceptors. These cyclizations proceeded at unprecedented rates, due, in part, to a strong gem‐dialkyl effect that was attributable to the presence of bulky substituents on a quaternary center located on the chain. In parallel, we designed arylsilylboranes that produced silyl radicals through a 1,5‐hydrogen transfer. Such silyl radicals may be valuable radical chain carriers, for instance, in oximation reactions of alkyl halides. Finally, computational studies allowed calculation of activation barriers of the homolytic substitution step and additionally illustrated that the overall reaction mechanism involved a transition state in which the attacking carbon center, the central silicon atom, and the Me3Si leaving group were collinear.
Active surveillance for prostate cancer compared with immediate treatment
Authors: Keegan Kirk A. , Dall'Era Marc A. , Durbin‐Johnson Blythe , Evans Christopher P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The costs associated with a contemporary active surveillance strategy compared with immediate treatment for prostate cancer are not well characterized. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the health care costs of an active surveillance paradigm for prostate cancer.METHODS:A theoretical cohort of 120,000 men selecting active surveillance for prostate cancer was created. The number of men remaining on active surveillance and those exiting to each of 5 treatments over 5 years were simulated in a Markov model. Estimated total costs after 5 years of active surveillance with subsequent delayed treatment were compared with immediate treatment. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the effect of various surveillance strategies and attrition rates. Additional analyses to include 10 years of follow‐up were performed.RESULTS:The average simulated cost of treatment for 120,000 men initiating active surveillance with 5 years of follow‐up and subsequent delayed treatment resulted in per patient cost savings of $16,042 (95% confidence interval [CI], $16,039‐$16,046) relative to initial curative treatment. This represents a $1.9 billion dollar savings to the cohort. The strict costs of active surveillance exceeded those of brachytherapy in the ninth year of follow‐up. A yearly biopsy within the active surveillance cohort increased costs by 22%, compared with every other year biopsy. At 10 years of follow‐up, active surveillance still resulted in a cost benefit; however, the savings were reduced by 38% to $9944 (95% CI, $9941‐$9948) per patient relative to initial treatment.CONCLUSIONS:These data demonstrate that active surveillance represents a considerable cost savings over immediate treatment for prostate cancer in a theoretical cohort after 5 and 10 years of follow‐up. Cancer 2012;3512–3518. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A study of circulating interleukin 10 in prognostication of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chan Stephen L. , Mo Frankie K. F. , Wong Cesar S. C. , Chan Charles M. L. , Leung Linda K. S. , Hui Edwin P. , Ma Brigette B. , Chan Anthony T. C. , Mok Tony S. K. , Yeo Winnie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The level of circulating interleukin 10 (IL‐10) is elevated in a proportion of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum the IL‐10 level in patients with unresectable HCC.METHODS:Patients with unresectable HCC who provided serum at the time of diagnosis were enrolled prospectively in the study. The level of circulating IL‐10 in serum samples was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The association of the IL‐10 level with overall survival was evaluated in relation to sociodemographics, liver function, hepatitis B viral load, and tumor staging.RESULTS:In total, 222 patients were recruited; of these, 82.4% were positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and 65.8% had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C disease. The mean log IL‐10 level was 1.1 pg/mL, and 146 patients had an IL‐10 level >1 pg/mL (high IL‐10 group). The high IL‐10 group had worse overall survival than the low IL‐10 group (5.0 months vs 14.9 months; hazard ratio, 2.192; P < .0001). The IL‐10 level was associated with worse hepatic function and with a high alanine transaminase (ALT) level. The IL‐10 level remained an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 1.824; P = .0005) after adjustment for sociodemographics, tumor staging, treatment, Child‐Pugh stage, and ALT level. The IL‐10 level also subdivided patients into 2 populations with distinct survival (10.2 months vs 3.5 months; P = .0027).CONCLUSIONS:The serum IL‐10 level was identified as an independent prognostic factor for unresectable HCC. The current findings suggested that an elevated IL‐10 level may be related to hepatic injury caused by cirrhotic processes rather than tumor load. The authors concluded that the IL‐10 level offers additional prognostic value to the existing tumor staging systems. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Thiolato‐Bridged Arene–Ruthenium Complexes: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Reactivity, and Anticancer Activity of the Dinuclear Complexes [(arene)2Ru2(SR)2Cl2]
Authors: Ibao Anne‐Flore , Gras Michaël , Therrien Bruno , Süss‐Fink Georg , Zava Olivier , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTreatment of an arene–ruthenium dichloride dimer with thiols RSH to lead to cationic trithiolato complexes of the type [(arene)2Ru2(SR)3]+ was shown to proceed through the neutral thiolato complexes [(arene)2Ru2(SR)2Cl2], which have been isolated and characterized for arene = p‐MeC6H4iPr and R = CH2Ph (1), CH2CH2Ph (2), CH2C6H4‐p‐tBu (3), and C6H11 (4). The single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of the p‐tert‐butylbenzyl derivative 3 reveals that the two ruthenium atoms are bridged by the two thiolato ligands without a metal–metal bond. The neutral dithiolato complexes[(arene)2Ru2(SR)2Cl2] (1–3) are intermediates in the formation of the cationic trithiolato complexes [(arene)2Ru2(SR)3]+ (5–7). Of the new [(arene)2Ru2(SR)2Cl2] complexes, derivative 2 is highly cytotoxic against human ovarian cancer cells, with IC50 values of 0.20 μM for the A2780 cell line and 0.31 for the cisplatin‐resistant cell line A2780cisR.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Catalytic Performance of a Vanadium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework (COMOC‐3)
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ya , Leus Karen , Grzywa Maciej , Weinberger David , Strubbe Katrien , Vrielinck Henk , Van Deun Rik , Volkmer Dirk , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Van Der Voort Pascal 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA vanadium 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate, VIII(OH)(O2C–C10H6–CO2)·H2O, denoted as COMOC‐3as (COMOC = Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Ghent University), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by means of both a solvothermal and a microwave synthesis procedure. The structure shows the topology of an aluminium 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate, the so‐called MIL‐69 (MIL = Materials of the Institute Lavoisier). After calcination at 250 °C in air, the VIII center was oxidized to VIV with the structure of VIVO(O2C–C10H6–CO2) (COMOC‐3). The oxidation process was verified by cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy. The crystallinity was investigated by variable‐temperature XRD. The title compound is stable against air and moisture. The catalytic performance of COMOC‐3 was examined in the liquid‐phase oxidation of cyclohexene. COMOC‐3 exhibited similar catalytic performance to MIL‐47 [VO(O2C–C6H4–CO2)]. The compound is reusable and maintains its catalytic activity through several runs.
Highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis analysis of N‐linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins following fluorescence derivatization with rhodamine 110 and laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Ijiri Soichiro , Todoroki Kenichiro , Yoshida Hideyuki , Yoshitake Takashi , Nohta Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Masatoshi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe describe a highly sensitive CE with laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) detection for the analysis of N‐linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins using rhodamine 110 as a fluorescence derivatization reagent. One CE separation is performed using a fused‐silica capillary and neutral pH buffer conditions and allows for the separation of sialo‐oligosaccharides according to the number of sialic acids. An alternate separation is performed using the same capillary and acidic pH buffer conditions, enabling the separation of asialo‐oligosaccharides according to their sizes. The derivatization and separation conditions for the analysis of sialo‐ and asialo‐oligosaccharides were optimized. Furthermore, we applied the proposed method for the analyses of N‐linked sialo‐ and asialo‐oligosaccharides in glycoproteins (ribonuclease B, fetuin, and recombinant human erythropoietin).
High‐throughput lectin magnetic bead array‐coupled tandem mass spectrometry for glycoprotein biomarker discovery
Authors: Choi Eunju , Loo Dorothy , Dennis James W. , O'Leary Caroline A. , Hill Michelle M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlterations in protein glycosylation occur during development and progression of many diseases, hence glycomics and glycoproteomics have emerged as important tools in glycobiomarker discovery. High‐throughput glycan profiling can now be achieved with the recent developments in MS‐based techniques. To enable identification and rapid monitoring of glycosylation changes in serum proteins, we developed a semi‐automated high‐throughput glycoprotein biomarker discovery platform termed lectin magnetic bead array‐coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LeMBA‐MS) which includes (i) effective single‐step serum glycoprotein isolation using a panel of 20 individual lectin‐coated magnetic beads in microplate format, (ii) on‐bead trypsin digestion, and (iii) nanoLC‐MS/MS with lectin exclusion list. With use of appropriate sequence databases, LeMBA‐MS can detect glycosylation changes regardless of the species. By spiking known amounts of titrated ovalbumin to a serum sample, we report nanomolar sensitivity, and linearity of response of LeMBA‐MS using concanavalin A‐coupled beads. Neuraminidase treatment led to reduction of binding to sialic acid‐binding lectins. Interestingly, we found that desialylation caused increased binding of haptoglobin and hemopexin to mannose‐specific lectins, pointing to the importance of identifying a signature of lectin‐binding. High‐throughput LeMBA‐MS to generate glycosylation signatures will facilitate glycobiomarker discovery. LeMBA can be coupled to down‐stream detection platforms for validation, making it a truly versatile platform.
Memantine for late‐life depression and apathy after a disabling medical event: a 12‐week, double‐blind placebo‐controlled pilot study
Authors: Lenze Eric J. , Skidmore Elizabeth R. , Begley Amy E. , Newcomer John W. , Butters Meryl A. , Whyte Ellen M. 
Published: December 2011

ObjectivePreclinical data suggests that memantine, a noncompetitive glutamate N‐methyl‐ D‐aspartate‐receptor blocker used for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease, could reduce depressive and amotivated behavior occurring in the context of psychosocial stress. Therefore, we examined whether memantine could reduce depressive symptoms and amotivation manifesting in older adults after a disabling medical event, thereby improving their functional recovery.MethodWe recruited subjects aged 60 years and older who had recently suffered a disabling medical event and were admitted to a skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation. Participants with significant depressive symptoms, defined as a Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of 10 or greater, and/or significant apathy symptoms, defined as an Apathy Evaluation Scale score of 40 or greater, were randomized to memantine (10 mg/d for 1 week, then 10 mg twice daily) or placebo, for 12 weeks. We also recruited participants without depressive or apathy symptoms for naturalistic follow‐up as a non‐depressed comparison group. Depressive and apathy symptoms were main outcomes; functional recovery, and self‐report rating of helplessness, and onset of new depressive disorders were secondary outcomes.ResultsThirty‐five older adults with significant depressive and/or apathy symptoms were randomized, of whom 27 (77.1%) completed the 12 week randomized controlled trial. Both groups showed reduction in depressive symptoms (but no significant reduction in apathy symptoms) and improved function. However, there were no group differences between the memantine‐randomized and placebo randomized participants on any outcome.ConclusionMemantine was not associated with superior affective or functional outcome compared with placebo in medically rehabilitating older adults with depressive and apathy symptoms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivoresponse to electrochemically aligned collagen bioscaffolds
Authors: Kishore Vipuil , Uquillas Jorge Alfredo , Dubikovsky Alexandra , Alshehabat Musa A. , Snyder Paul W. , Breur Gert J. , Akkus Ozan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCollagen‐based biomaterials are a viable option for tendon reconstruction and repair. However, the weak mechanical strength of collagen constructs is a major limitation. We have previously reported a novel methodology to form highly oriented electrochemically aligned collagen (ELAC) threads with mechanical properties converging on those of the natural tendon. In this study, we assessed thein vivoresponse of rabbit patellar tendon (PT) to braided ELAC bioscaffolds. Rabbit PTs were incised longitudinally and the ELAC bioscaffold was inlaid in one limb along the length of the tendon. The contralateral limb served as the sham‐operated control. Rabbits were euthanized at 4 or 8 months postoperatively. High‐resolution radiographs revealed the absence of ectopic bone formation around the bioscaffolds. Four months post‐implantation, the histological sections showed that the ELAC bioscaffold underwent limited degradation and was associated with a low‐grade granulomatous inflammation. Additionally, quantitative histology revealed that the cross‐sectional areas of PTs with the ELAC bioscaffold were 29% larger compared with the controls. Furthermore, ELAC‐treated PTs were significantly stiffer compared with the controls. The volume fraction of the tendon fascicle increased in the ELAC‐treated PT compared with the controls. By 8 months, the ELAC bioscaffold was mostly absorbed and the enlargement in the area of tendons with implants subsided along with the resolution of the granulomatous inflammation. We conclude that ELAC is biocompatible and biodegradable and has the potential to be used as a biomaterial for tendon tissue engineering applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 400–408, 2012.
Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Rapa Catozza Napoletana (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa DC.) seed meal, a promising protein source of Campania region (southern Italy) horticultural germplasm
Authors: Carlo Tenore Gian , Troisi Jacopo , Di Fiore Raffaele , Basile Adriana , Novellino Ettore 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The present study is the first effort in a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritive and biological properties of the meal from Rapa Catozza Napoletana (RCN) (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) cultivar seeds as a new and alternative source of proteins.RESULTS: RCN seed meal revealed a good protein content (382.0 g kg−1) compared with conventional Brassica defatted meals. Total glucosinolates (6.0 g kg−1) were comparable to or even lower than those reported for other yellow‐ and brown‐seeded cultivars. Low levels of both sinapine and phytic acid (10.0 and 10.0 g kg−1 respectively) suggest a minor influence of these compounds on meal mineral availability. The meal revealed quite a high polyphenolic content (13.0 g kg−1) composed of flavonol and hydroxycinnamic derivatives. With regard to meal biological properties, a higher radical‐scavenging potential than reducing capacity and a broad antimicrobial spectrum, mainly against food‐borne pathogens, were detected.CONCLUSION: RCN seed meal could be highly regarded as a component of human nutrition and animal feed for its good protein content, desirable amino acid profile and low antinutrient concentration. Results for the sample indicated appreciable antiradical activity and good properties for meal stability. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry