bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered static and dynamic cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in acute pontine infarction
Authors: Wei Ying , Wang Peipei , Zhang Yong , Miao Peifang , Liu Jingchun , Wei Sen , Wang Xin , Wang Yingying , Wu Luobing , Han Shaoqiang , Wei Yarui , Wang Kaiyu , Cheng Jingliang , Wang Caihong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates abnormalities in cerebellar-cerebral static and dynamic functional connectivity among patients with acute pontine infarction, examining the relationship between these connectivity changes and behavioral dysfunction. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was utilized to collect data from 45 patients within seven days post-pontine infarction and 34 normal controls. Seed-based static and dynamic functional connectivity analyses identified divergences in cerebellar-cerebral connectivity features between pontine infarction patients and normal controls. Correlations between abnormal functional connectivity features and behavioral scores were explored. Compared to normal controls, left pontine infarction patients exhibited significantly increased static functional connectivity within the executive, affective-limbic, and motor networks. Conversely, right pontine infarction patients demonstrated decreased static functional connectivity in the executive, affective-limbic, and default mode networks, alongside an increase in the executive and motor networks. Decreased temporal variability of dynamic functional connectivity was observed in the executive and default mode networks among left pontine infarction patients. Furthermore, abnormalities in static and dynamic functional connectivity within the executive network correlated with motor and working memory performance in patients. These findings suggest that alterations in cerebellar-cerebral static and dynamic functional connectivity could underpin the behavioral dysfunctions observed in acute pontine infarction patients.
Switching off: disruptive TMS reveals distinct contributions of the posterior middle temporal gyrus and angular gyrus to bilingual speech production
Authors: Timofeeva Polina , Finisguerra Alessandra , D’Argenio Giulia , García Adolfo M , Carreiras Manuel , Quiñones Ileana , Urgesi Cosimo , Amoruso Lucia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The role of the left temporoparietal cortex in speech production has been extensively studied during native language processing, proving crucial in controlled lexico-semantic retrieval under varying cognitive demands. Yet, its role in bilinguals, fluent in both native and second languages, remains poorly understood. Here, we employed continuous theta burst stimulation to disrupt neural activity in the left posterior middle-temporal gyrus (pMTG) and angular gyrus (AG) while Italian–Friulian bilinguals performed a cued picture-naming task. The task involved between-language (naming objects in Italian or Friulian) and within-language blocks (naming objects [“knife”] or associated actions [“cut”] in a single language) in which participants could either maintain (non-switch) or change (switch) instructions based on cues. During within-language blocks, cTBS over the pMTG entailed faster naming for high-demanding switch trials, while cTBS to the AG elicited slower latencies in low-demanding non-switch trials. No cTBS effects were observed in the between-language block. Our findings suggest a causal involvement of the left pMTG and AG in lexico-semantic processing across languages, with distinct contributions to controlled vs. “automatic” retrieval, respectively. However, they do not support the existence of shared control mechanisms within and between language(s) production. Altogether, these results inform neurobiological models of semantic control in bilinguals.
Surface structural transformation and adsorption performance of poly(triazine imide)
Authors: Yu Gege , Zhao Yubao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Poly(triazine imide) synthesized by the molten salt route with incorporation of Li+ and Cl‒ ions (PTI/Li+Cl−) was prepared by rational controlling of the washing extent. The surface transformation of the phase-pure PTI framework incurred by thorough washing has been confirmed by a systematic analysis based on x-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet Raman, atomic force microscope, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Uranyl ion adsorption experiments further support the surface structural transformation from triazine-unit PTI to heptazine-based graphitic carbon nitride. Efforts on the exploration of PTI material application should be mainly directed toward the waterless fields to give good repeatability.
High Prevalence of Unconfirmed Positive HIV Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Results Among African Infants With HIV Exposure in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS Consortium
Authors: Carlucci James G , Huntington Thomas , Technau Karl-Günter , Yotebieng Marcel , Leroy Valériane , Anderson Kim , Amorissani-Folquet Madeleine , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , Edmonds Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In a large, multiregional cohort of African infants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure, 44% of those with a positive HIV polymerase chain reaction test lacked a confirmatory positive test. Efforts are needed to ensure high-fidelity implementation of HIV testing algorithms so that all positive results are confirmed.
A 44-year-old man with recurrent ST-segment elevation: a case report of two presentations of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Cheng Kevin , de Silva Ranil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare multi-system autoimmune disorder that may present with cardiac manifestations that are often under-recognized. In this report, we discuss a usual case of a patient who presented as a cardiac emergency with recurrent ST elevation and discuss the approach and management.

Case summary
A 44-year-old man presented with two episodes of chest pain associated with ST-segment elevation on 12-lead ECG. Under investigation over the past several weeks for fatigue, nasal congestion, and red eyes, his first presentation was associated with widespread ST-segment elevation and an echogenic myocardium suggestive of myocarditis that was confirmed on cardiac MRI. A week later, the development of chest pain, antero-lateral ST elevation, and regional wall motion abnormalities suggested an acute coronary syndrome and he proceeded to primary percutaneous intervention that treated a lesion in the distal left anterior descending artery secondary to coronary arteritis. Diagnosed with GPA, he was started on immunosuppression and has had a resolution of his cardiac involvement at follow-up.

Discussion
This case report describes an unusual case of myocarditis and coronary arteritis presenting acutely in the same patient and emphasizes the importance of considering systemic autoimmune conditions when encountering primarily cardiac presentations. Early recognition and diagnosis of cardiac involvement will improve the long-term outcomes in these patients.
Effectiveness of directional coronary atherectomy in treating recurrent in-stent restenosis: a case report
Authors: Naniwa Shota , Tsuda Shigeyasu , Nakazawa Gaku , Yamada Shinichiro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a significant clinical problem. It is estimated that 10–20% of patients who develop a first event of ISR will develop recurrent ISR (R-ISR). However, the pathology of R-ISR remains largely unknown, and recommendations for its optimal management are lacking. In this case report, we discuss the effectiveness of directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) as an atherectomy device and the mechanism of R-ISR based on pathological findings obtained from DCA.

Case summary
We report the case of a 62-year-old man with a history of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to the mid left circumflex artery using a bare metal stent. Even after the introduction of adequate secondary prevention therapy for ISR, the patient underwent a total of six PCI sessions over 10 years following primary PCI for R-ISR. Eventually, the decision was made to institute treatment with DCA and a drug-coated balloon. No symptoms of restenosis were observed over the following 4 years.

Discussion
In this case report, we demonstrate the effectiveness of DCA treatment for debulking a wide range of collagen-rich plaques and show that DCA treatment should be considered for the treatment of R-ISR.
Comparing flow and pulmonary artery growth post-patent ductus arteriosus stenting in patients with ductal-dependent pulmonary flow using 4D magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Al Kindi Faiza A , Al Kindi Hamood , Maddali Madan Mohan , Al Farqani Abdullah , Al Alawi Khalid , Al Balushi Abdullah , Al Ghafri Mohammed , Khalil Sahar , Kumar Satish 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
The 4D magnetic resonance imaging (4D-flow MRI) provides a qualitative and quantitative assessment of cardiovascular structures and processes. 4D-flow MRI was used to study pulmonary flow in post-patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent insertion in duct-dependent pulmonary flow neonates at baseline (PDA stent insertion) and after 6 months, and also, to evaluate the effect of flow dynamics on the growth of pulmonary arteries (PAs).

Methods and results
This prospective observational study included neonates with ductus arteriosus-dependent pulmonary circulation who underwent ductal stenting between June 2021 and November 2022. Cardiac 4D-flow MRI and magnetic resonance angiography were conducted in two phases; after the deployment of the PDA stent during the neonatal period and after 6 months from stent deployment. Eight neonates were recruited, but only five completed both scans. A total of 10 PAs were evaluated during each phase. The median left PA (LPA) and right PA (RPA) diameters and indexed flow for LPA and RPA were evaluated. The growth rate of LPA was observed to be lower than that of RPA (percentage diameter increase: 74 vs. 153%). LPA Z-score was lower than RPA. Indexed flow in both LPA and RPA showed a reduction in the 6-month scan, which was consistent with reduced stent patency.

Conclusion
4D-flow cardiac MRI showed different growth rates and reduced flow between LPA and RPA post-PDA stent. These insights can aid in future management decisions.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in low-risk tricuspid or bicuspid aortic stenosis: the NOTION-2 trial
Authors: Jørgensen Troels Højsgaard , Thyregod Hans Gustav Hørsted , Savontaus Mikko , Willemen Yannick , Bleie Øyvind , Tang Mariann , Niemela Matti , Angerås Oskar , Gudmundsdóttir Ingibjörg J , Sartipy Ulrik , Dagnegaard Hanna , Laine Mika , Rück Andreas , Piuhola Jarkko , Petursson Petur , Christiansen Evald H , Malmberg Markus , Olsen Peter Skov , Haaverstad Rune , Sondergaard Lars , De Backer Ole ,   for the NOTION-2 investigators, Jørgensen Troels Højsgaard , De Backer Ole , Søndergaard Lars , Dagnegaard Hanna , Olsen Peter Skov , Bleie Øyvind , Haarverstad Rune , Savontaus Mikko , Malmberg Markus , Christiansen Evald Høj , Tang Mariann , Niemelä Matti , Ahvenvaara Tuomas , Guðmundsdóttir Ingibjörg , Myrdal Gunnar , Angerås Oskar , Petursson Petur , Laine Mika , Vähäsilta Tommi , Rück Andreas , Sartipy Ulrik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the first choice to treat older patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). This study aimed to compare TAVI with surgery in low-risk patients ≤75 years of age, including both tricuspid and bicuspid AS.

Methods
The Nordic Aortic Valve Intervention (NOTION)-2 trial enrolled and 1:1 randomized low-risk patients aged ≤75 years with severe symptomatic AS to TAVI or surgery. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, stroke, or rehospitalization (related to the procedure, valve, or heart failure) at 12 months.

Results
A total of 370 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 71.1 years and a median Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score of 1.1%. A total of 100 patients had bicuspid AS. The 1-year incidence of the primary endpoint was 10.2% in the TAVI group and 7.1% in the surgery group [absolute risk difference 3.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI), −2.7% to 8.8%; hazard ratio (HR) 1.4; 95% CI, 0.7–2.9; P = .3]. Patients with TAVI, when compared to surgery, had lower risk of major bleeding and new-onset atrial fibrillation and higher risk of non-disabling stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation, and moderate or greater paravalvular regurgitation. The risk of the primary composite endpoint was 8.7% and 8.3% in patients with tricuspid AS (HR 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5–2.3) and 14.3% and 3.9% in patients with bicuspid AS (HR 3.8; 95% CI, 0.8–18.5) treated with TAVI or surgery, respectively (P for interaction = .1).

Conclusions
Among low-risk patients aged ≤75 years with severe symptomatic AS, the rate of the composite of death, stroke, or rehospitalization at 1 year was similar between TAVI and surgery. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation outcomes in young bicuspid AS patients warrant caution and should be further investigated. (NOTION-2, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02825134).

Trial Registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02825134.
Pre- and post-procedural cardiac imaging (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) in electrophysiology: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Deneke Thomas , Kutyifa Valentina , Hindricks Gerhard , Sommer Philipp , Zeppenfeld Katja , Carbucicchio Corrado , Pürerfellner Helmut , Heinzel Frank R , Traykov Vassil B , De Riva Marta , Pontone Gianluca , Lehmkuhl Lukas , Haugaa Kristina , Sarkozy Andrea , Gimelli Alessia , Tondo Claudio , Ernst Sabine , Antz Matthias , Westwood Mark 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Imaging using cardiac computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an important option for anatomic and substrate delineation in complex atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation procedures. Computed tomography more common than MR has been used to detect procedure-associated complications such as oesophageal, cerebral, and vascular injury. This clinical consensus statement summarizes the current knowledge of CT and MR to facilitate electrophysiological procedures, the current value of real-time integration of imaging-derived anatomy, and substrate information during the procedure and the current role of CT and MR in diagnosing relevant procedure-related complications. Practical advice on potential advantages of one imaging modality over the other is discussed for patients with implanted cardiac rhythm devices as well as for planning, intraprocedural integration, and post-interventional management in AF and VT ablation patients. Establishing a team of electrophysiologists and cardiac imaging specialists working on specific details of imaging for complex ablation procedures is key. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can safely be performed in most patients with implanted active cardiac devices. Standard procedures for pre- and post-scanning management of the device and potential CMR-associated device malfunctions need to be in place. In VT patients, imaging—specifically MR—may help to determine scar location and mural distribution in patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy beyond evaluating the underlying structural heart disease. Future directions in imaging may include the ability to register multiple imaging modalities and novel high-resolution modalities, but also refinements of imaging-guided ablation strategies are expected.
Matreex: Compact and Interactive Visualization for Scalable Studies of Large Gene Families
Authors: Rossier Victor , Train Clement , Nevers Yannis , Robinson-Rechavi Marc , Dessimoz Christophe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Studying gene family evolution strongly benefits from insightful visualizations. However, the ever-growing number of sequenced genomes is leading to increasingly larger gene families, which challenges existing gene tree visualizations. Indeed, most of them present users with a dilemma: display complete but intractable gene trees, or collapse subtrees, thereby hiding their children's information. Here, we introduce Matreex, a new dynamic tool to scale up the visualization of gene families. Matreex's key idea is to use “phylogenetic” profiles, which are dense representations of gene repertoires, to minimize the information loss when collapsing subtrees. We illustrate Matreex's usefulness with three biological applications. First, we demonstrate on the MutS family the power of combining gene trees and phylogenetic profiles to delve into precise evolutionary analyses of large multicopy gene families. Second, by displaying 22 intraflagellar transport gene families across 622 species cumulating 5,500 representatives, we show how Matreex can be used to automate large-scale analyses of gene presence–absence. Notably, we report for the first time the complete loss of intraflagellar transport in the myxozoan Thelohanellus kitauei. Finally, using the textbook example of visual opsins, we show Matreex's potential to create easily interpretable figures for teaching and outreach. Matreex is available from the Python Package Index (pip install Matreex) with the source code and documentation available at https://github.com/DessimozLab/matreex.
Internet Use and Loneliness Among Urban and Non-Urban Chinese Older Adults: The Roles of Family Support, Friend Support, and Social Participation
Authors: Zhang Kunyu , Burr Jeffrey A , Mutchler Jan E , Lu Jiehua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated the association between internet use and loneliness among older Chinese adults, and the mediating effects of family support, friend support, and social participation. These associations were evaluated in the context of urban and non-urban geographic settings.

Methods
This study used data from the 2018 wave of the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (N = 10,126), examining samples of urban (n = 3,917) and non-urban (n = 6,209) older adults separately. Linear regression and path analysis within a structural equation modeling framework were employed.

Results
Internet use was negatively associated with loneliness for both urban and non-urban residing older adults. Family support and social participation mediated the association between internet use and loneliness for both urban and non-urban residing older Chinese adults, but friend support mediated this association only for urban older residents.

Discussion
This study shed light on our understanding of the relationship between internet use and loneliness among older adults in the Chinese context. Also, these findings suggested that digital interventions for loneliness should pay special attention to the different characteristics of urban and non-urban dwelling older Chinese adults.
Antenatal care coverage and early childhood mortality in Zimbabwe: new interpretations from nationally representative household surveys
Authors: Musiwa Anthony Shuko , Sinha Vandna , Hanley Jill , Ruiz-Casares Mónica 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Zimbabwe has implemented universal antenatal care (ANC) policies since 1980 that have significantly contributed to improvements in ANC access and early childhood mortality rates. However, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), two of Zimbabwe’s main sources of health data and evidence, often provide seemingly different estimates of ANC coverage and under-five mortality rates. This creates confusion that can result in disparate policies and practices, with potential negative impacts on mother and child health in Zimbabwe. We conducted a comparability analysis of multiple DHS and MICS datasets to enhance the understanding of point estimates, temporal changes, rural–urban differences and reliability of estimates of ANC coverage and neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rates (NMR, IMR and U5MR, separately) from 2009 to 2019 in Zimbabwe. Our two samples z-tests revealed that both DHS and MICS indicated significant increases in ANC coverage and declines in IMR and U5MR but only from 2009 to 2015. NMR neither increased nor declined from 2009 to 2019. Rural–urban differences were significant for ANC coverage (2009–15 only) but not for NMR, IMR and U5MR. We found that there is a need for more precise DHS and MICS estimates of urban ANC coverage and all estimates of NMR, IMR and U5MR, and that shorter recall periods provide more reliable estimates of ANC coverage in Zimbabwe. Our findings represent new interpretations and clearer insights into progress and gaps around ANC coverage and under-five mortality rates that can inform the development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policy and practice responses and further research in Zimbabwe.
Lymphatic endothelial cell-specific NRAS p.Q61R mutant embryos show abnormal lymphatic vessel morphogenesis
Authors: Nozawa Akifumi , Abe Taiki , Niihori Tetsuya , Ozeki Michio , Aoki Yoko , Ohnishi Hidenori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA) and kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) are rare congenital disorders that arise through anomalous embryogenesis of the lymphatic system. A somatic activating NRAS p.Q61R variant has been recently detected in GLA and KLA tissues, suggesting that the NRAS p.Q61R variant plays an important role in the development of these diseases. To address this role, we studied the effect of the NRAS p.Q61R variant in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) on the structure of the lymphatics during embryonic and postnatal lymphangiogenesis applying inducible, LEC-specific NRAS p.Q61R variant in mice. Lox-stop-Lox NrasQ61R mice were crossed with Prox1-CreERT2 mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase specifically in LECs. Whole-mount immunostaining of embryonic back skin using an antibody against the LEC surface marker VEGFR3 showed considerably greater lymphatic vessel width in LEC-specific NRAS p.Q61R mutant embryos than in littermate controls. These mutant embryos also showed a significant reduction in the number of lymphatic vessel branches. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining of whole-mount embryonic back skin using an antibody against the LEC-specific nuclear marker Prox1 showed a large increase in the number of LECs in LEC-specific NRAS p.Q61R mutants. In contrast, postnatal induction of the NRAS p.Q61R variant in LECs did not cause abnormal lymphatic vessel morphogenesis. These results suggest that the NRAS p.Q61R variant in LECs plays a role in development of lymphatic anomalies. While this model does not directly reflect the human pathology of GLA and KLA, there are overlapping features, suggesting that further study of this model may help in studying GLA and KLA mechanisms.