bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enacting global careers: Organizational career scripts and the global economy as co‐existing career referents
Authors: Cappellen Tineke , Janssens Maddy 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis qualitative study examines how globally‐oriented career actors engage with the opportunities and constraints of organizational career development. Drawing theoretically on career structuration, we study how individuals develop their global careers with reference to their employment setting and the global economy. Our findings indicate that managers intentionally engage in career practices that act upon those elements of the organizational career script which they experience as constraints for developing a career in the global economy. In addition, our findings suggest that tight organizational career scripts provoke explicit individual career actions whereas loose scripts initiate reflection and pondering. We discuss the theoretical implications of this study in terms of the interaction between multiple contexts and individual career actions, and the meaning of global careers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attachments of Bacteria to the Surfaces of Living and Dead Microorganisms in Marine Sediments (Attachment of Bacteria to Microorganisms)
Authors: Oppenheimer Carl H. , Vance Mary H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPhase microscopic observations of 7000 microscopic fields from 50 sediment samples from shallow bays near Port Aransas, Texas suggest that living, (smaller) benthic microorganisms such as diatoms, flagellates, ciliates and blue‐green algae do not support an attached bacterial population and apparently have some protective mechanism against bacterial attack. It is not suggested that larger unicellular organisms secrete large amounts of bactericidal material because motile and nonmotile bacteria were intimately associated with the larger organisms and were often pushed out of the way as the larger organisms moved through the sediment. However, it is possible that certain types of bacteria might be inhibited, which phenomenon could not be detected during the visual observations. It has been postulated that bacteria and unicellular algae may have a similar Zeta or other electrokinetic potentia and are thus repelled during the associations in natural environments.
Hly‐Plasmide in R‐Plasmid tragenden Stämmen von Escherichia coli
Authors: Höhne C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBei 57 hämolysierenden aus menschlichem Untersuchungsmaterial isolierten Stämmen von Escherichia coli wurde das Resistenzspektrum bestimmt. Drei Stämme konnten neben dem R‐Plasmid auch das Hämolysinbildungsvermögen auf eine nalidixinsäureresistente Mutante von E. coli K‐12 konjugativ übertragen. Die Übertragung der Plasmide erfolgte unabhängig voneinander. Von den restlichen 54 Stämmen konjugierten 44 ebenfalls mit E. coli K‐12, wie sich durch die R‐Plasmidübertragungen nachweisen ließ, die Hämolysinbildung ging aber nicht auf die Akzeptoren über.
Vergleich der biologischen Wirksamkeit von C‐ und N‐MANNICH‐Basen mit und ohne Stickstofflost‐Gruppen in mikrobiologischen und tierexperimentellen Screening‐Systemen zur Suche nach Cancerostatica
Authors: Fleck W. , Werner W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn order to detect specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis with potential cancerostatic properties from microbial or chemical sources, a complex screening program in vitro and in vivo has been developed. This screening program consists both of molecularbiological models and rodent transplanted tumor systems. The microbiological screening program has proved to be of value in the primary selection of 95 mostly new synthesized compounds belonging to the C‐ and N‐MANNICH bases with or without nitrogen mustard groups. All the compounds detected by this screening are potential inhibitors of DNA synthesis and, therefore, able to disturb selectively mechanisms operating both in microbial and mammalian cells, e. g., replication, transcription, recombination, excission, and integration of DNA. Positive results concerning the correlation between effectivity in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity using rodent transplanted tumor systems are presented. Since most of the present day, alkylating agents are selectively toxic for cells which actively synthesize DNA, it is not surprising that there is some degree of correlation between antitumor effect and effects on various microbial or other rapidly growing organisms. However, evidence that agents with prophage inducing capability in lysogenic bacteria and/or with activity in the “BIP” test might play a part in cancer chemotherapy is obvious. The selectivity of the microbiological screening models used shows that they are potential screens despite their inabilities, thus far, to detect all active cancerostatics.
Expression and characterization of a fusion protein‐containing cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Paenibacillus sp. A11
Authors: Kaulpiboon Jarunee , Prasong Wanida , Rimphanitchayakit Vichien , Murakami Shuichiro , Aoki Kenji , Pongsawasdi Piamsook 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA recombinant cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) gene fused with thioredoxin (Trx), hexa‐histidine (His6) and S‐protein (S) at the N terminus and a proline‐rich peptide (PRP) at the C terminus, was constructed using the wild‐type gene from Paenibacillus sp. A11, the pET‐32a vector and Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) as the host cell. The expression levels and enzyme characteristics of the Trx‐His6‐CGTase‐PRP fusion protein, the recombinant CGTase without fusion peptides, and the wild‐type CGTase were compared. The maximum specific activity for the Trx‐His6‐CGTase‐PRP fusion enzyme was 2.7 fold higher than that of the non‐fusion form at the optimal IPTG concentration. The Trx‐His6‐CGTase‐PRP fusion protein was purified to homogeneity by starch adsorption and Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography, with a specific activity of 2,268 units/mg protein at a 61% yield. The ease of purification and the higher enzyme yield were obtained with the fusion form when compared to the non‐fusion and wild‐type enzymes. The fusion enzyme was superior than its wild‐type counterpart in terms of stability against high temperature and organic solvents. Moreover, the fusion enzyme could catalyze the synthesis of cyclodextrins in 20% (v/v) dimethylformamide with a higher product yield of CD7 and CD8 compared to that of the wild‐type enzyme in the same buffer‐solvent system. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sodium selenate effect on Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942: appearance of novel enzymatic reaction, ATP:selenate adenylyltransferase, and variation in antioxidant enzyme activities
Authors: Saggu Mona , Jain Anuradha , Bagchi Divya 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSynechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 was grown with SO42– or S2O32– sulfur source with varying concentration of SeO42–. Up to 150 μM, SeO42– was growth supportive and above this it was inhibitory. Selenate is believed to induce ROS production, and to counter, the cells produce increasing amounts of ROS quenching enzymes. To investigate the differential growth response of SeO42– at the level of ROS production, the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. glutathione peroxidase, catalase, pyrogallol‐peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase were determined. Regardless of SeO42– concentration in the medium, except catalase, the activity of other enzymes increased over SeO42–‐free controls. To understand the fate of SeO42– added at lower concentrations, the activities of key inorganic sulfur metabolizing enzymes, ATP sulfurylase in SO42– medium and thiosulfate reductase in S2O32– medium were measured. This was done with an assumption that these enzymes would consume the SO42– analog SeO42– as sulfur source. We found enzymatic SeO42–/ATP dependent formation of inorganic pyrophosphate in a reaction, analogous to ATP sulfurylase (SO42– + ATP → pyrophosphate) carried out by an enzyme different from ATP sulfurylase, tentatively called ATP:selenate adenylyltransferase. We hypothesize that selenium could act as trace element for S. elongatus PCC 7942. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mutational studies of the peptidoglycan hydrolase FlgJ of Sphingomonas sp. strain A1
Authors: Maruyama Yukie , Ochiai Akihito , Itoh Takafumi , Mikami Bunzo , Hashimoto Wataru , Murata Kousaku 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe flagellar protein FlgJ, a member of glycoside hydrolase family 73, has N‐ and C‐terminal domains that are responsible for flagellar rod assembly and peptidoglycan hydrolysis, respectively. The crystal structure of the C‐terminal domain of SPH1045 (SPH1045‐C), the FlgJ from Sphingomonas sp. strain A1, showed a long cleft formed by two lobes, α and β. In this study, seven site‐specific mutants of residues in the cleft were prepared and analyzed. Enzyme activity was reduced most significantly in mutants E185A and Y281A, followed by E224A. A comparison of the crystal structure of the inactive mutant E185A with that of other related enzymes revealed that Glu185 is structurally reasonable as the proton donor and that Tyr281 is close to Glu185. Glu224 is, however, far from the catalytic site, which is inconsistent with the decreased activity exhibited by E224A. The structural flexibility of Glu224 and its neighboring residues observed in SPH1045‐C may indicate that this region is able to change its conformation upon substrate binding. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of different stresses on trehalose levels inRhizopus oryzae
Authors: Uyar Ebru Ozer , Hamamci Haluk , Türkel Sezai 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRhizopus oryzaeaccumulates and degrades trehalose in response to environmental stress conditions such as heat, osmotic stress, nitrogen starvation and pH. When heat stress was applied toR. oryzae, the trehalose content of the cells was increased from 0.9 to 4.8 mg/g dw and when the stress was relieved it decreased back to 1.1 mg/g dw. Under osmotic stress and nitrogen starvation, trehalose content was increased by 3.5 and 3 fold, respectively. The decrease in external pH increased trehalose level up to 2.6 mg/g dw from 1.1 mg/g dw. Increased trehalose level decreased back to normal after pH stress was relieved. These results indicate that trehalose accumulates and acts as a stress protectant inR. oryzae. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A developed DNA extraction method for different soil samples
Authors: Hu Yingchang , Liu Zhiheng , Yan Jianfang , Qi Xiaohui , Li Jing , Zhong Shiqi , Yu Jicheng , Liu Qiu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFour DNA extraction methods namely SDS‐hyperhaline method (I), modified SDS‐hyperhaline method (II), indirect method (III), alkaline lysis method (IV) were evaluated by comparing DNA yield, spectrophotometric quality, genomic integrity and PCR suitability in this paper. The results showed that high DNA yields were obtained by method I, II and IV. However, higher quality of DNA was gained by method III and IV. Based on the results of the Pulsed‐Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), the completeness of DNA extracted by method IV was the best. About 6.0 μg DNA can be recovered from 1.0 g soil by method IV which involved to lysis cell by SDS and to precipitate impurities by adding potassium acetate and magnesium chloride Therefore, it is confirmed that method IV is a novel, reliable and versatile method for large‐scale DNA extraction involving less purification steps for various soil samples. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Production of laccase from Pleurotus florida using agro‐wastes and efficient decolorization of Reactive blue 198
Authors: Sathishkumar P. , Murugesan K. , Palvannan T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPleurotus florida NCIM 1243 produced laccase as the dominant lignolytic enzyme during the dye decolorization. Banana peel was the best substrate for extracellular laccase production under solid state fermentation when compared to mandarin peel and cantaloupe peel. The maximum activity of laccase (5.4 U/g) was detected on the 10 day. The ratio of banana peel: mandarin peel: cantaloupe peel (5:2:3) showed increased production of laccase (6.8 U/g). P. florida produced two extracellular laccase isoenzymes (L1 and L2). The half life of laccase at 60 °C was 2 h and at 4 h it retained 25% residual activity. P. florida laccase showed high thermostability and an interesting difference was noticed in the behavior of laccase isoenzymes at different temperature. The L1 isoenzyme of laccase showed remarked thermostability at 60 °C in the native PAGE when compared to L2 isoenzyme. The optimum pH, temperature and enzyme concentration for maximum decolorization was found to be 4.5, 60 °C and 1.2 U/ml, respectively. Partially purified laccase enzyme showed excellent decolorization activity to Reactive blue 198. The maximum decolorization (96%) was observed at lower dye concentrations (50–100 ppm) which decreased markedly when the dye concentration was increased beyond 150 ppm. The thermostable laccase of P. florida could be effectively used to decolorize the synthetic dyes in the textile effluent and other biotechnological applications. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of diamondback moth cuticle surface compounds in pre‐penetration growth of the entomopathogen Isaria fumosoroseus
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Huang Zhen , Ren Shunxiang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTranscript patterns elicited in response to hosts can reveal how fungi recognize suitable hosts and the mechanisms involved in pathogenicity. These patterns could be fashioned by recognition of host‐specific topographical features or by chemical components displayed or released by the host. We investigated this in three isolates of Isaria fumosoroseus which has shown considerable pathogenic ability against Plutella xylostella. Conidia inoculated to hind wings had the highest germination ability while the conidia inoculated to head regions showed the lowest germination. Conidia applied to diamondback moth wings showed slightly lower rates of germination than those incubated on SDA. Although I. funosoroseus isolates germinated well on crude methanol extracts, only low levels of germination occurred on hexane and dichloromethane extracts. Similarly, poor germination was also observed on diamondback moth hind wing from which cuticular lipids were extracted by using methanol when compared to the untreated hind wings showing that simple polar compounds are required to stimulate germination before the fungus can make effective use of a complex mixture of non‐polar lipids. Such studies could address the origin of intraspecies differences and correlate these differences with the underlying metabolic and biosynthetic differences that define different host ranges. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface hydrophobicity, nutritional contents affect Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and temperature influences its survival in preformed biofilms
Authors: Pagedar Ankita , Singh Jitender , Batish Virender K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of surface hydrophobicity and media on in vitro biofilm formation potential of S. aureus isolates from two dairies. There was lack of correlation between biofilm formation potential of S. aureus and sampling points but not with the source of isolation. Biofilm formation was more pronounced on hydrophobic polypropylene (PP) than hydrophilic stainless steel (SSC). A better correlation was established between the biofilms on SSC and PP when analyzed by crystal violet staining than conventional plating method. On comparative evaluation of nutrient rich and diluted growth media, enhanced biofilm formation was observed in latter (1/20 tryptic soya broth). Highest survival in the preformed biofilms was observed at incubation temperature of 25 °C in sterilized skim milk rather than TSB. The present study signify preferable adherence of S. aureus on hydrophobic surfaces and potential survival within preformed biofilm at temperatures prevalent in dairy industries. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatial evaluation of soil salinity using the WET sensor in the irrigated area of the Segura river lowland
Authors: de Paz José M. , Visconti Fernando , Rubio José L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe electrical conductivity of the water within the soil pores (ECp) measured with the WET sensor, appears to be a reliable estimate of soil salinity. A methodology combining the use of the WET sensor along with geostatistics was developed to delimit and evaluate soil salinity within an irrigated area under arid to semiarid Mediterranean climate in SE Spain. A systematic random sampling of 104 points was carried out. The association between ECp and the saturation‐extract electrical conductivity (ECse) was assessed by means of correlation analysis. The semivariograms for ECp were obtained at three different soil depths. Interpolation techniques, such as ordinary kriging and cokriging, were applied to obtain ECp levels in the unknown places. For each one of the soil depths, a model able to predict ECse from ECp was developed by means of ordinary least squares regression analysis. A good correlation (r = 0.818, p < 0.001) between ECp and ECse was found. Spherical spatial distribution was the best model to fit to experimental semivariograms of ECp at 10, 30, and 50 cm soil depths. Nevertheless, cokriging using the ECp of an adjacent soil depth as an auxiliary variable provided the best results, compared to ordinary kriging. An analytical propagation‐error methodology was found to be useful to ascertain the contribution of the spatial interpolation and ordinary least squares analysis to the uncertainty of the ECse mapping. This methodology allowed us to identify 98% of the study area as affected by salinity problems within a rooting depth of 50 cm, with the threshold of ECse value at 2 dS m–1. However, considering the crops actually grown and 10% potential reduction yield, the soil‐salinity‐affected area decreased to 83%. The use of sensors to measure soil salinity in combination with geostatistics is a cost‐effective way to draw maps of soil salinity at regional scale. This methodology is applicable to other agricultural irrigated areas under risk of salinization.
Long‐term changes in the floristic composition and soil characteristics of reclaimed sodic land during eco‐restoration
Authors: Kumar Srivastava Pankaj , Baleshwar  , Kumar Behera Soumit , Singh Nandita , Shyam Tripathi Radhey 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe study was conducted under the “Uttar Pradesh Sodic Lands Reclamation Project” to examine changes that occurred in the reclaimed sodic land in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study focuses on long‐term seasonal changes in the floral diversity and soil characteristics of the reclaimed sodic land over a period of 10 y. The changes in the floristic composition, plant density, and soil characteristics (microbial biomass carbon [MBC], pH, exchangeable‐sodium percentage (ESP), and electrical conductivity) were compared among the different study plots after different years of sodic‐land reclamation. The study plots comprised reclaimed land with rice–wheat cultivation; semireclaimed land under rice cultivation only and nonreclaimed barren sodic land. There was a significant variation in the floristic composition of the three study plots. Dominance in the floristic composition was shifted from monocotyledonous weeds in the nonreclaimed sodic land to dicotyledonous weeds in the reclaimed land after 10 y of reclamation. Among the soil characteristics, the most remarkable changes were observed in soil MBC and ESP during the course of sodic‐land reclamation. Soil MBC increased up to 480% and ESP values decreased up to 79% in the reclaimed plots with reference to the nonreclaimed plots. The soil amelioration was more pronounced in the upper layer (0–30 cm) as compared to the lower layer (below 30 cm depth). A positive significant correlation was revealed between soil MBC and floristic composition of the reclaimed plots. These changes in floristic composition and soil characteristics could be used as good indicators of the eco‐restoration of the sodic lands. The present study provides useful insights in understanding the temporal progress of eco‐restoration in the reclaimed sodic lands.
Apoplast acidification is not a necessary determinant for the resistance of maize in the first phase of salt stress
Authors: Hatzig Sarah , Hanstein Stefan , Schubert Sven 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn previous studies, a relation between plant growth during the first phase of salt stress and cell‐wall acidification was shown for differently resistant maize genotypes. In the present study, plants of the salt‐sensitive maize (Zea mays L.) cv. Pioneer 3906 and the salt‐resistant genotype SR 12, grown under 100 mM NaCl, showed a similar decrease in plasmalemma H+‐ATPase activity, while SR 12 showed less growth reduction than Pioneer 3906. From this it is concluded that maintenance of apoplast acidification is not necessary for better plant growth during the first phase of salt stress.
Raman spectroscopic determination of the acidity constants of salicylaldoxime in aqueous solution
Authors: Elbagerma M. A. , Edwards H. G. M. , Azimi Gholamhassan , Scowen I. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA sensitive and efficient method for the determination of acidity constants of salicylaldoxime (SALO) (2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime), using both Raman spectroscopic and potentiometric methods, at 30 °C in 50% (wt/wt) of ethanol–water mixture and at the constant ionic strength I = 0.1 M is proposed. The effect of pH on the Raman spectra has also been studied. The Raman spectroscopic technique allows the identification of compounds in different molecular and molecular ionic structures. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.05 mol dm−3 for SALO by means of Raman peak area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions between oligopeptides and oxidised titanium surfaces detected by vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Di Foggia Michele , Taddei Paola , Torreggiani Armida , Dettin Monica , Tinti Anna 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFive alternating polar/hydrophobic oligopeptides derived from EAK 16 (AEAEAKAKAEAEAKAK) were examined in comparison with EAK 16 (peptide 1) both after solubilisation/lyophilisation and deposition on oxidised titanium surfaces. The peptides were synthesised for their possible use as biomimetic materials due to their self‐assembling properties and the presence, in one of them, of the arginine‐glycine‐aspartic (RGD) sequence, an active modulator of cell adhesion. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies were used to investigate the influence of the amino acid substitution on the self‐assembling properties of the peptides under both experimental conditions. In the lyophilised peptides, β‐sheet was the prevailing conformation (65–69%) as in EAK 16, irrespective of acid substitution (E→D, peptide 2), basic substitution (K→O, peptide 3), hydrophobic spacer substitution (A→Abu, peptide 4 and A→Y, peptide 5) and RGD insertion (peptide 6). After deposition on oxidised titanium, the main conformation remained β‐sheet. The side‐chain shortening of the acidic amino acid residue (peptide 2) or the insertion of a rigid and bulky residue such as Y (peptide 5) decreased the self‐assembling ability more than the side‐chain shortening of the basic amino acid residue (peptide 3) or the insertion of the RGD head (peptide 6). The interaction with the oxidised titanium surface was mainly due to carboxylate groups with a bidentate bridging coordination and C O peptidic groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.