bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained attention as a potential endophenotype for bipolar disorder
Authors: Ancín I. , Santos J. L. , Teijeira C. , Sánchez‐Morla E. M. , Bescós M. J. , Argudo I. , Torrijos S. , Vázquez‐Álvarez B. , De La Vega I. , López‐Ibor J. J. , Barabash A. , Cabranes‐Díaz J. A. 
Published: January 2010

Ancín I, Santos JL, Teijeira C, Sánchez‐Morla EM, Bescós MJ, Argudo I, Torrijos S, Vázquez‐Álvarez B, De La Vega I, López‐Ibor JJ, Barabash A, Cabranes‐Díaz JA. Sustained attention as a potential endophenotype for bipolar disorder.Objective:  Nowadays, it is accepted that to identify the biological basis of psychiatric illnesses it would be useful to deconstruct them into the most basic manifestations, such as cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to set attention deficit as a stable vulnerability marker of bipolar disorder.Method:  Sustained attention was evaluated by the Continuous Performance Test (DS‐CPT) in 143 euthymic bipolar patients and 105 controls. To estimate the influence of clinical profile in attention, patients completed a semi‐structured interview.Results:  Bipolar patients showed a deficit in attention during euthymic periods. This disturbance correlated with years of evolution, age of onset and age of first hospitalisation; and was not influenced by other clinical data.Conclusion:  Sustained attention may be considered as an endophenotype of the illness.
Murine epidermal Langerhans cells and keratinocytes express functional P2X7 receptors
Authors: Tran Jimmy N.S.N. , Pupovac Aleta , Taylor Rosanne M. , Wiley James S. , Byrne Scott N. , Sluyter Ronald 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Murine epidermal Langerhans cells and keratinocytes express functional P2X7 receptors. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e151–e157.Abstract:  Extracellular ATP via the activation of purinergic P2 receptors has an emerging role in cutaneous biology; however, the distribution of these receptors in mouse skin is poorly defined. This study investigated whether murine epidermal cell subpopulations express functional purinergic P2X7 receptors. P2X7 expression was examined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining of epidermal cells from C57Bl/6 mice. P2X7 function was evaluated by nucleotide‐induced ethidium+ uptake measurements in epidermal cells from C57Bl/6 mice, and from P2X7 deficient mice and wild‐type littermate controls. P2X7 was detected in whole epidermal cell preparations, and specifically on Langerhans cells (LCs) and keratinocytes (KCs). ATP induced ethidium+ uptake into LCs and KCs, with EC50 values of 503 and 482 μm, respectively. BzATP, and to a lesser extent ATPγS and ADP, also induced ethidium+ uptake; while UTP, αβ‐meth‐ATP and NAD were ineffective. ATP‐induced ethidium+ uptake was impaired by Na+ and Mg2+, and the P2X7 antagonist, A‐438079 and was absent in LCs and KCs from P2X7 deficient mice. These results demonstrate that murine LCs and KCs express functional P2X7, and support a role for this receptor in cutaneous biology.
Topical hydrocortisone, clobetasol propionate, and calcipotriol do not increase photocarcinogenesis induced by simulated solar irradiation in hairless mice
Authors: Lerche Catharina M. , Philipsen Peter A. , Poulsen Thomas , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Topical hydrocortisone, clobetasol propionate, and calcipotriol do not increase photocarcinogenesis induced by simulated solar irradiation in hairless mice. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 973–979.Abstract:  Topical corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone‐17‐butyrate (HCB) and clobetasol‐17‐propionate (CP) and vitamin D3 derivatives such as calcipotriol (CAL) are widely used to treat psoriasis. The immunosuppressive effects of corticosteroids make their topical use a concern for skin carcinogenicity. Few studies have assessed the effect of topical corticosteroids and topical vitamin D3 derivatives on photocarcinogenesis induced by ultraviolet radiation. We investigated whether HCB, CP, or CAL can accelerate photocarcinogenesis using simulated solar radiation (SSR). HCB, CP, or CAL was applied topically to the backs of hairless, female, C3.Cg/TifBomTac‐immunocompetent mice in 16 groups of 25 mice each. The drugs were applied three times weekly followed by 0, 2, 4, or 6 standard erythema doses (SED) of SSR for 365 days or until death. No change was observed in the time required for tumor development in mice treated with HCB and 2 SED (HCB‐2SED) and HCB‐6SED. However, the time required for tumor development increased with HCB‐4SED treatment. Treatment with CP‐2SED did not change the time to onset of the first and second tumor, but all other CP treatments in combination with SSR increased the time. CAL‐2SED decreased the time to onset of the first tumor but not of the second and third tumor. CAL‐4SED and CAL‐6 SED did not change or increased the time to tumor development. Our data indicated that topical administration of HCB and CAL did not alter the photocarcinogenesis of SSR and that topical CP administration had a photoprotective effect. Thus, HCB, CP, and CAL do not increase photocarcinogenesis induced by SSR.
Nutrient limitation in species‐rich Calthion grasslands in relation to opportunities for restoration in a peat meadow landscape
Authors: Van de Riet B.P. , Barendregt A. , Brouns K. , Hefting M.M. , Verhoeven J.T.A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractQuestions: Which nutrient(s) limit(s) vegetation productivity in Calthion grasslands? Is phosphorus release a bottleneck for restoration of species‐rich Calthion grasslands on rewetted dairy meadows?Location: Three species‐rich Calthion grasslands in the Western Peat District in the Netherlands.Methods: We conducted a field fertilization experiment with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in three existing Calthion grasslands to evaluate the potential for restoration on rewetted dairy meadows. Responses of above‐ground biomass, tissue nutrient concentrations and nutrient ratios were determined after 2 yr of fertilization.Results: Biomass increased with fertilization with N‐only and K‐only but did not react to P‐only additions. Comparisons of tissue nutrient concentrations and nutrient ratios also gave indications of N and K limitation.Conclusions: The strong P release expected after rewetting should not necessarily interfere with restoration of Calthion communities on rewetted dairy meadows. It is concluded that for successful restoration management measures should focus on reducing N and/or K availability. Potassium might be an overlooked bottleneck in the restoration of species‐rich grasslands.
Validation of Stopwatch Measurements of Erection Duration against Responses to the Sexual Encounter Profile and International Index of Erectile Function in Patients Treated with a Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor
Authors: Shaw James W. , Reardon Gregory , Sandor David W. , Rosen Raymond C. , Ferguson David M. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) are frequently used to measure erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment outcomes, stopwatch-assessed duration of erection is a new, objective, and potentially useful endpoint of ED treatment effect.AimsTo assess the validity and reliability of stopwatch-assessed erection duration against responses to SEP items 2 (SEP-2) and 3 (SEP-3) and IIEF scale scores.MethodsData were taken from a multi-center trial of vardenafil for the treatment of ED. Patients were randomized to vardenafil 10 mg or placebo for 4 weeks. After a 1-week washout period, patients received the alternate therapy for an additional 4 weeks. An electronic diary was used to record information about sexual attempts. The duration of erection was measured using a stopwatch and transcribed into the diary. The SEP was completed following each sexual attempt, and the IIEF was completed at the end of each treatment period.Main Outcome MeasuresMean and median values of erection duration, mean SEP-2 and SEP-3 success rates, and scores for each of the 5 IIEF scales were calculated.ResultsAt baseline, correlations of median erection duration with the 5 IIEF scale scores ranged from 0.06 to 0.53, while correlations with mean SEP-2 and SEP-3 success rates were 0.66 and 0.49, respectively. Compared with the other measures, mean and median values of erection duration were less sensitive to differences between placebo- and vardenafil-treated patients and less responsive to clinical change associated with treatment crossover. However, mean erection duration exhibited a good level of reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.72, P &lt;0.001).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for the validity and reliability of stopwatch-assessed duration of erection. Our findings suggest that erection duration is suitable for use as a unique endpoint in ED treatment-efficacy trials conducted for phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.
Vaginal Carcinoma in a Female-to-Male Transsexual
Authors: Schenck Thilo Ludwig , Holzbach Thomas , Zantl Niko , Schuhmacher Christopher , Vogel Markus , Seidl Stefan , Machens Hans-Gunther , Giunta Riccardo Enzo 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) can be considered a reasonable and secure treatment for transsexualism, today. Because the population of patients who have received SRS is growing steadily, it can be expected that the number of patients who present with diseases specific to their original gender will increase as well.

Aim
In female-to-male transsexuals, vaginal cancer has not been reported so far. This article reports, to our knowledge, the first case of a female-to-male transsexual who developed vaginal cancer.

Methods
Eighteen years after receiving female-to-male SRS, the patient presented with vaginal cancer, which infiltrated rectum and bladder and also showed involvement of inguinal lymph nodes. Surgery consisted of an anterior and posterior pelvic demolition and extended lymphadenectomy with preservation of the penoid and reconstruction of the pelvic defect with multiple flaps.

Results
The tumor was removed completely (R0), and 2 years after surgery, the patient has no signs or symptoms of tumor recurrence and enjoys good quality of life.

Conclusions
In SRS patients, diseases of their original gender should always be considered and patients should be encouraged to participate in screening programs. When choosing the surgical approach for SRS, the risks for developing cancer from remaining structures of the genetic gender should be considered. Of course, removal of e.g., ovaries, cervix and vagina, will prevent cancer of these structures. When it comes to surgery in SRS patients with malignancies, an interdisciplinary approach should be chosen.
Dimensional Profiles of Male to Female Gender Identity Disorder: An Exploratory Research
Authors: Fisher Alessandra D. , Bandini Elisa , Ricca Valdo , Ferruccio Naika , Corona Giovanni , Meriggiola Maria C. , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Manieri Chiara , Ristori Jiska , Forti Gianni , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Male-to-Female Gender Identity Disorder (MtF GID) is a complex phenomenon that could be better evaluated by using a dimensional approach.

Aim
To explore the aggregation of clinical manifestations of MtF GID in order to identify meaningful variables describing the heterogeneity of the disorder.

Methods
A consecutive series of 80 MtF GID subjects (mean age 37 ± 10.3 years), referred to the Interdepartmental Center for Assistance Gender Identity Disorder of Florence and to other Italian centers from July 2008 to June 2009, was studied. Diagnosis was based on formal psychiatric classification criteria. Factor analysis was performed.

Main Outcome Measures
Several socio-demographic and clinical parameters were investigated. Patients were asked to complete the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI, a self-rating scale to evaluate gender role) and Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R, a self-rating scale to measure psychological state).

Results
Factor analysis identified two dimensional factors: Factor 1 was associated with sexual orientation, and Factor 2 related to behavioral and psychological correlates of early GID development. No correlation was observed between the two factors. A positive correlation between Factor 2 and feminine BSRI score was found, along with a negative correlation between Factor 2 and undifferentiated BSRI score. Moreover, a significant association between SCL-90-R Phobic subscale score and Factor 2 was observed. A variety of other socio-demographic parameters and clinical features were associated with both factors.

Conclusions
Behavioral and psychological correlates of Factor 1 (sexual orientation) and Factor 2 (gender identity) do not constitute the framework of two separate clinical entities, but instead represent two dimensions of the complex MtF GID structure, which can be variably intertwined in the same subject. By using factor analysis, we offer a new approach capable of delineating a psychopathological and clinical profile of MtF GID patients.
Gender Issues and Sexual Desire: The Role of Emotional and Relationship Variables
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Nobre Pedro 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionCultural, psychological, and biological factors specific to each gender are possibly responsible for discrepancies between male and female sexual desire.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the differences between men and women regarding the role of emotional and relationship factors on sexual desire.MethodsTwo hundred five men and 237 women from the general population answered a set of questionnaires assessing psychopathology, emotions during sexual activity, dyadic adjustment, and frequency of sexual desire. Multivariate analyses of covariance (demographic variables as covariates) were conducted in order to assess the differences of sexual desire (low/high desire) between genders and groups.Main Outcome MeasuresPsychopathology measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory, emotions in sexual context measured by the Sexual Modes Questionnaire, dyadic adjustment measured by the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and sexual desire measured by the sexual desire subscale of the Female Sexual Function Index and International Index of Erectile Function.ResultsFindings indicated that women presented higher levels of psychopathology and significantly more emotions of hurt during sexual activity, while men presented more fear and shame in the same context. Results from dyadic adjustment showed that participants from the low desire group presented less dyadic adjustment. Moreover, participants from the low desire group presented more emotions of disillusion and participants from the high desire group presented more emotions of satisfaction.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that therapeutic protocols for sexual desire difficulties should attend to dyadic adjustment and emotions during sexual activity, also considering how psychopathology and specific emotions act on sexual desire according to each gender.
Low Testosterone is Associated with an Increased Risk of MACE Lethality in Subjects with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Monami Matteo , Boddi Valentina , Cameron-Smith Michela , Fisher Alessandra D. , De Vita Giulia , Melani Cecilia , Balzi Daniela , Sforza Alessandra , Forti Gianni , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough testosterone (T) has been suggested to play a protective role against the development of atherosclerosis, studies demonstrating an association between low T and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) are scanty in the general population and absent in subjects with erectile dysfunction (ED).AimTo investigate whether low T in subjects with ED predict incident fatal or nonfatal MACE.MethodsThis is an observational prospective cohort study evaluating a consecutive series of 1687 patients attending our andrological unit for ED. Patients were interviewed using the structured interview on erectile dysfunction (SIEDY) and ANDROTEST structured interviews measuring components relative to ED and hypogonadal-related symptoms, respectively.Main Outcome MeasuresTotal T was evaluated at baseline. Information on MACE was obtained through the City of Florence Registry Office.ResultsAmong the patients studied, 5.2, 13.8, and 22.4% were hypogonadal according to different thresholds (T&lt;8, 10.4 and 12 nmol/L or 230, 300 and 350 ng/dL, respectively). During a mean follow-up of 4.3 ± 2.6 years, 139 MACE, 15 of which were fatal, were observed. Unadjusted incidence of MACE was not associated with T levels. Conversely, the proportion of lethal events among MACE was significantly higher in hypogonadal patients, using either 10.4 nmol/L (300 ng/dL) or 8 nmol/L (230 ng/dL) thresholds. However, after adjustment for age and Chronic Diseases Score in a Cox regression model, only the association between incident fatal MACE and T&lt;8 nmol/L (230 ng/dL) was confirmed (HR=7.1 [1.8–28.6]; P &lt;0.001). Interestingly, measuring hypogonadal-related symptoms and signs through ANDROTEST, only fatal MACE were also associated with a higher score (HR=1.2 [1.0–1.5] for each ANDROTEST score increment; P = 0.05 after adjustment for age and Chronic Diseases Score).ConclusionsT levels are associated with a higher mortality of MACE. The identification of low T levels should alert the clinician thus identifying subjects with an increased cardiovascular risk.
Reparative Therapy: The Adolescent, the Psych Nurse, and the Issues
Authors: Hein Laura C. , Matthews Alicia K. 
Published: January 2010

TOPIC:  Reparative therapy aims to modify the sexual orientation of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people into that of heterosexuals. Although denounced as harmful by most professional organizations, these treatments continue—youth may be particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences.PURPOSE:  The purpose of this article is to discuss reparative therapies, the potential harm LGB youth may experience, clinical and practice issues for psychiatric nurses, and the ethical issues surrounding nurse involvement in reparative therapy.CONCLUSIONS:  Reparative therapy for adolescents raises important clinical and ethical issues for psychiatric nursing. Further discussion of nurse involvement in these treatments is needed.
Cerebral oxygenation is reduced during hyperthermic exercise in humans
Authors: Rasmussen P. , Nybo L. , Volianitis S. , Møller K. , Secher N. H. , Gjedde A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  Cerebral mitochondrial oxygen tension (PmitoO2) is elevated during moderate exercise, while it is reduced when exercise becomes strenuous, reflecting an elevated cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) combined with hyperventilation‐induced attenuation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Heat stress challenges exercise capacity as expressed by increased rating of perceived exertion (RPE).Methods:  This study evaluated the effect of heat stress during exercise on PmitoO2 calculated based on a Kety‐Schmidt‐determined CBF and the arterial‐to‐jugular venous oxygen differences in eight males [27 ± 6 years (mean ± SD) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 63 ± 6 mL kg−1 min−1].Results:  The CBF, CMRO2 and PmitoO2 remained stable during 1 h of moderate cycling (170 ± 11 W, ∼50% of VO2max, RPE 9–12) in normothermia (core temperature of 37.8 ± 0.4 °C). In contrast, when hyperthermia was provoked by dressing the subjects in watertight clothing during exercise (core temperature 39.5 ± 0.2 °C), PmitoO2 declined by 4.8 ± 3.8 mmHg (P < 0.05 compared to normothermia) because CMRO2 increased by 8 ± 7% at the same time as CBF was reduced by 15 ± 13% (P < 0.05). During exercise with heat stress, RPE increased to 19 (19–20; P < 0.05); the RPE correlated inversely with PmitoO2 (r2 = 0.42, P < 0.05).Conclusion:  These data indicate that strenuous exercise in the heat lowers cerebral PmitoO2, and that exercise capacity in this condition may be dependent on maintained cerebral oxygenation.
Resistance training increases in vivo quadriceps femoris muscle specific tension in young men
Authors: Erskine R. M. , Jones D. A. , Williams A. G. , Stewart C. E. , Degens H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  The present study investigated whether in vivo human quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle specific tension changed following strength training by systematically determining QF maximal force and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA).Methods:  Seventeen untrained men (20 ± 2 years) performed high‐intensity leg‐extension training three times a week for 9 weeks. Maximum tendon force (Ft) was calculated from maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, corrected for agonist and antagonist muscle activation, and moment arm length (dPT) before and after training. QF PCSA was calculated as the sum of the four component muscle volumes, each divided by its fascicle length. Dividing Ft by the sum of the component muscle PCSAs, each multiplied by the cosine of the respective fascicle pennation angle, provided QF specific tension.Results:  MVC torque and QF activation increased by 31% (P < 0.01) and 3% (P < 0.05), respectively, but there was no change in antagonist co‐activation or dPT. Subsequently, Ft increased by 27% (P < 0.01). QF volume increased by 6% but fascicle length did not change in any of the component muscles, leading to a 6% increase in QF PCSA (P < 0.05). Fascicle pennation angle increased by 5% (P < 0.01) but only in the vastus lateralis muscle. Consequently, QF specific tension increased by 20% (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  An increase in human muscle specific tension appears to be a real consequence of resistance training rather than being an artefact of measuring errors but the underlying cause of this phenomenon remains to be determined.
Effect of 13 single and eight mixed host plant diets on survival, post‐embryonic development and morphology of variegated grasshopper in laboratory
Authors: KEKEUNOU Sévilor , WEISE Stephen , MESSI Jean 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) is known as an agricultural pest in West and Central Africa. In this study, the effects of 13 single and eight mixed host plant diets on the survival, post‐embryonic development and morphology of Z. variegatus in the laboratory were investigated. In each cage, 20 one‐day larvae were provided with these diets and their survival monitored every two days, from August 2000 to September 2002, until all individuals died. Results showed that the number of larval stages varied from six to eight according to the diet. Six larval stages were most frequent. Development to the adult stage (complete development) was only noted with 52% of diets. All the mixed host plant diets induced complete development of Z. variegatus except that of Cajanus cajan + Synedrella nodiflora + Chromolaena odorata. Complete development was observed with four single host plant diets: Lablab purpurea, C. cajan, Manihot esculenta and S. nodiflora. Compared to leguminous species and Asteraceae, M. esculenta (Euphorbiaceae) was the species that resulted in the highest level of survival and development of Z. variegatus. Chromolaena odorata and S. nodiflora (Asteraceae) induced late appearance of the different Z. variegatus nymphal instars and the appearance time was shorter on legumes. The supernumerary stage 7 has the same color as the larva in stages 1–6, but this larva was significantly larger than stage 6 and smaller than the adult stage. These results indicate that legumes for short fallows affected the survival and post‐embryonic development of Z. variegatus in the laboratory.