bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency-encoded eye tracking smart contact lens for human–machine interaction
Authors: Zhu Hengtian , Yang Huan , Xu Siqi , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhu Shugeng , Mao Zhengyi , Chen Weiwei , Hu Zizhong , Pan Rongrong , Xu Yurui , Xiong Yifeng , Chen Ye , Lu Yanqing , Ning Xinghai , Jiang Dechen , Yuan Songtao , Xu Fei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEye tracking techniques enable high-efficient, natural, and effortless human-machine interaction by detecting users’ eye movements and decoding their attention and intentions. Here, a miniature, imperceptible, and biocompatible smart contact lens is proposed for in situ eye tracking and wireless eye-machine interaction. Employing the frequency encoding strategy, the chip-free and battery-free lens successes in detecting eye movement and closure. Using a time-sequential eye tracking algorithm, the lens has a great angular accuracy of <0.5°, which is even less than the vision range of central fovea. Multiple eye-machine interaction applications, such as eye-drawing, Gluttonous Snake game, web interaction, pan-tilt-zoom camera control, and robot vehicle control, are demonstrated on the eye movement model and in vivo rabbit. Furthermore, comprehensive biocompatibility tests are implemented, demonstrating low cytotoxicity and low eye irritation. Thus, the contact lens is expected to enrich approaches of eye tracking techniques and promote the development of human-machine interaction technology.
Improved biomass burning emissions from 1750 to 2010 using ice core records and inverse modeling
Authors: Zhang Bingqing , Chellman Nathan J. , Kaplan Jed O. , Mickley Loretta J. , Ito Takamitsu , Wang Xuan , Wensman Sophia M. , McCrimmon Drake , Steffensen Jørgen Peder , McConnell Joseph R. , Liu Pengfei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEstimating fire emissions prior to the satellite era is challenging because observations are limited, leading to large uncertainties in the calculated aerosol climate forcing following the preindustrial era. This challenge further limits the ability of climate models to accurately project future climate change. Here, we reconstruct a gridded dataset of global biomass burning emissions from 1750 to 2010 using inverse analysis that leveraged a global array of 31 ice core records of black carbon deposition fluxes, two different historical emission inventories as a priori estimates, and emission-deposition sensitivities simulated by the atmospheric chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. The reconstructed emissions exhibit greater temporal variabilities which are more consistent with paleoclimate proxies. Our ice core constrained emissions reduced the uncertainties in simulated cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol radiative forcing associated with the discrepancy in preindustrial biomass burning emissions. The derived emissions can also be used in studies of ocean and terrestrial biogeochemistry.
Visible-light-excited robust room-temperature phosphorescence of dimeric single-component luminophores in the amorphous state
Authors: Guo Danman , Wang Wen , Zhang Kaimin , Chen Jinzheng , Wang Yuyuan , Wang Tianyi , Hou Wangmeng , Zhang Zhen , Huang Huahua , Chi Zhenguo , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOrganic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has significant potential in various applications of information storage, anti-counterfeiting, and bio-imaging. However, achieving robust organic RTP emission of the single-component system is challenging to overcome the restriction of the crystalline state or other rigid environments with cautious treatment. Herein, we report a single-component system with robust persistent RTP emission in various aggregated forms, such as crystal, fine powder, and even amorphous states. Our experimental data reveal that the vigorous RTP emissions rely on their tight dimers based on strong and large-overlap π-π interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) groups. The dimer structure can offer not only excitons in low energy levels for visible-light excited red long-lived RTP but also suppression of the nonradiative decays even in an amorphous state for good resistance of RTP to heat (up to 70 °C) or water. Furthermore, we demonstrate the water-dispersible nanoparticle with persistent RTP over 600 nm and a lifetime of 0.22 s for visible-light excited cellular and in-vivo imaging, prepared through the common microemulsion approach without overcaution for nanocrystal formation.
Solving conformal defects in 3D conformal field theory using fuzzy sphere regularization
Authors: Hu Liangdong , He Yin-Chen , Zhu W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDefects in conformal field theory (CFT) are of significant theoretical and experimental importance. The presence of defects theoretically enriches the structure of the CFT, but at the same time, it makes it more challenging to study, especially in dimensions higher than two. Here, we demonstrate that the recently-developed theoretical scheme, fuzzy (non-commutative) sphere regularization, provides a powerful lens through which one can dissect the defect of 3D CFTs in a transparent way. As a notable example, we study the magnetic line defect of 3D Ising CFT and clearly demonstrate that it flows to a conformal defect fixed point. We have identified 6 low-lying defect primary operators, including the displacement operator, and accurately extract their scaling dimensions through the state-operator correspondence. Moreover, we also compute one-point bulk correlators and two-point bulk-defect correlators, which show great agreement with predictions of defect conformal symmetry, and from which we extract various bulk-defect operator product expansion coefficients. Our work demonstrates that the fuzzy sphere offers a powerful tool for exploring the rich physics in 3D defect CFTs.
Three-dimensional domain identification in a single hexagonal manganite nanocrystal
Authors: Mokhtar Ahmed H. , Serban David , Porter Daniel G. , Lichtenberg Frank , Collins Stephen P. , Bombardi Alessandro , Spaldin Nicola A. , Newton Marcus C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe three-dimensional domain structure of ferroelectric materials significantly influences their properties. The ferroelectric domain structure of improper multiferroics, such as YMnO3, is driven by a non-ferroelectric order parameter, leading to unique hexagonal vortex patterns and topologically protected domain walls. Characterizing the three-dimensional structure of these domains and domain walls has been elusive, however, due to a lack of suitable imaging techniques. Here, we present a multi-peak Bragg coherent x-ray diffraction imaging determination of the domain structure in single YMnO3 nanocrystals. We resolve two ferroelectric domains separated by a domain wall and confirm that the primary atomic displacements occur along the crystallographic c-axis. Correlation with atomistic simulations confirms the Mexican hat symmetry model of domain formation, identifying two domains with opposite ferroelectric polarization and adjacent trimerization, manifesting in a clockwise arrangement around the hat’s brim.
Individualized prevention of proton pump inhibitor related adverse events by risk stratification
Authors: Xia Bin , He Qiangsheng , Smith Fang Gao , Gkoutos V. Georgios , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Kuo Zi Chong , Wang Danni , Feng Qi , Cheung Eddie C. , Dai Lunzhi , Huang Junjie , Yu Yuanyuan , Meng Wenbo , Qin Xiwen , Yuan Jinqiu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for gastric acid-related disorders, but their safety profile and risk stratification for high-burden diseases need further investigation. Analyzing over 2 million participants from five prospective cohorts from the US, the UK, and China, we found that PPI use correlated with increased risk of 15 leading global diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, diabetes, respiratory infections, and chronic kidney disease. These associations showed dose-response relationships and consistency across different PPI types. PPI-related absolute risks increased with baseline risks, with approximately 82% of cases occurring in those at the upper 40% of the baseline predicted risk, and only 11.5% of cases occurring in individuals at the lower 50% of the baseline risk. While statistical association does not necessarily imply causation, its potential safety concerns suggest that personalized use of PPIs through risk stratification might guide appropriate decision-making for patients, clinicians, and the public.
Cyclodipeptide oxidase is an enzyme filament
Authors: Andreas Michael P. , Giessen Tobias W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractModified cyclic dipeptides represent a widespread class of secondary metabolites with diverse pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor. Here, we report the structural characterization of the Streptomyces noursei enzyme AlbAB, a cyclodipeptide oxidase (CDO) carrying out α,β-dehydrogenations during the biosynthesis of the antibiotic albonoursin. We show that AlbAB is a megadalton heterooligomeric enzyme filament containing covalently bound flavin mononucleotide cofactors. We highlight that AlbAB filaments consist of alternating dimers of AlbA and AlbB and that enzyme activity is crucially dependent on filament formation. We show that AlbA-AlbB interactions are highly conserved suggesting that other CDO-like enzymes are likely enzyme filaments. As CDOs have been employed in the structural diversification of cyclic dipeptides, our results will be useful for future applications of CDOs in biocatalysis and chemoenzymatic synthesis.
Socioeconomic status, personality, and major mental disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Qiang , Li Haonan , Zhu Dan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrevious research has suggested a correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental diseases, while personality traits may be associated with SES and the risk of mental disorders. However, the causal nature of these associations remains largely uncertain. Our Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to explore the bidirectional causality between SES and mental disorders, as well as to evaluate the potential mediating role of personality in these associations. Using bidirectional MR approach, we assessed the causality between SES indicators and mental disorders. We then used a two-step MR method to further investigate whether and to what extent personality mediates the causal associations in Caucasians. The forward MR analyses identified that years of education, household income, age at first birth and the Townsend deprivation index had a causal association with at least one mental disorder. The reverse MR analyses identified causal effects of genetically predicted schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on five SES indicators. Importantly, mediation analysis showed that neuroticism partly mediated the causality of household income and years of education on major depressive disorder, respectively. In brief, our study confirmed the bidirectional relationship between SES and mental disorders. We also revealed the role of neuroticism in mediating the association between SES and major depressive disorder, highlighting the importance of considering both socioeconomic and personality factors in mental health research and interventions.
A dataset for fatigue estimation during shoulder internal and external rotation movements using wearables
Authors: Yasar Merve Nur , Sica Marco , O’Flynn Brendan , Tedesco Salvatore , Menolotto Matteo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWearable sensors have recently been extensively used in sports science, physical rehabilitation, and industry providing feedback on physical fatigue. Information obtained from wearable sensors can be analyzed by predictive analytics methods, such as machine learning algorithms, to determine fatigue during shoulder joint movements, which have complex biomechanics. The presented dataset aims to provide data collected via wearable sensors during a fatigue protocol involving dynamic shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) movements. Thirty-four healthy subjects performed shoulder IR and ER movements with different percentages of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force until they reached the maximal exertion. The dataset includes demographic information, anthropometric measurements, MVIC force measurements, and digital data captured via surface electromyography, inertial measurement unit, and photoplethysmography, as well as self-reported assessments using the Borg rating scale of perceived exertion and the Karolinska sleepiness scale. This comprehensive dataset provides valuable insights into physical fatigue assessment, allowing the development of fatigue detection/prediction algorithms and the study of human biomechanical characteristics during shoulder movements within a fatigue protocol.
Attributions toward artificial agents in a modified Moral Turing Test
Authors: Aharoni Eyal , Fernandes Sharlene , Brady Daniel J. , Alexander Caelan , Criner Michael , Queen Kara , Rando Javier , Nahmias Eddy , Crespo Victor 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdvances in artificial intelligence (AI) raise important questions about whether people view moral evaluations by AI systems similarly to human-generated moral evaluations. We conducted a modified Moral Turing Test (m-MTT), inspired by Allen et al. (Exp Theor Artif Intell 352:24–28, 2004) proposal, by asking people to distinguish real human moral evaluations from those made by a popular advanced AI language model: GPT-4. A representative sample of 299 U.S. adults first rated the quality of moral evaluations when blinded to their source. Remarkably, they rated the AI’s moral reasoning as superior in quality to humans’ along almost all dimensions, including virtuousness, intelligence, and trustworthiness, consistent with passing what Allen and colleagues call the comparative MTT. Next, when tasked with identifying the source of each evaluation (human or computer), people performed significantly above chance levels. Although the AI did not pass this test, this was not because of its inferior moral reasoning but, potentially, its perceived superiority, among other possible explanations. The emergence of language models capable of producing moral responses perceived as superior in quality to humans’ raises concerns that people may uncritically accept potentially harmful moral guidance from AI. This possibility highlights the need for safeguards around generative language models in matters of morality.
Integrative analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics to uncover biomarkers in sepsis
Authors: Chen Wenhao , Guo Wentao , Li Yang , Chen Muhu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo utilize metabolomics in conjunction with RNA sequencing to identify biomarkers in the blood of sepsis patients and discover novel targets for diagnosing and treating sepsis. In January 2019 and December 2020, blood samples were collected from a cohort of 16 patients diagnosed with sepsis and 11 patients diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Non-targeted metabolomics analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS technology), while gene sequencing was performed using RNA sequencing. Afterward, the metabolite data and sequencing data underwent quality control and difference analysis, with a fold change (FC) greater than or equal to 2 and a false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.05.Co-analysis was then performed to identify differential factors with consistent expression trends based on the metabolic pathway context; KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the crossover factors, and Meta-analysis of the targets was performed at the transcriptome level using the public dataset. In the end, a total of five samples of single nucleated cells from peripheral blood (two normal controls, one with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and two with sepsis) were collected and examined to determine the cellular location of the essential genes using 10× single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). A total of 485 genes and 1083 metabolites were found to be differentially expressed in the sepsis group compared to the SIRS group. Among these, 40 genes were found to be differentially expressed in both the metabolome and transcriptome. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were primarily involved in biological processes related to inflammatory response, immune regulation, and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, a meta-analysis identified four genes, namely ITGAM, CD44, C3AR1, and IL2RG, which were highly expressed in the sepsis group compared to the normal group (P < 0.05). Additionally, scRNA-seq analysis revealed that the core genes ITGAM and C3AR1 were predominantly localized within the macrophage lineage. The primary genes ITGAM and C3AR1 exhibit predominant expression in macrophages, which play a significant role in inflammatory and immune responses. Moreover, these genes show elevated expression levels in the plasma of individuals with sepsis, indicating their potential as valuable subjects for further research in sepsis.
Neem biomass derived carbon quantum dots synthesized via one step ultrasonification method for ecofriendly methylene blue dye removal
Authors: Waseem Basha Zakriya , Muniraj Sarangapani , Senthil Kumar Annamalai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article presents a one-step ultrasonication technique for generating biomass carbon dots (BCDs) from neem bark (Azadirachta indica) powder. The BCDs were characterized using modern techniques such as UV–Vis, FTIR, Raman, XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, EDAX, and Zeta potential analyses. Unlike traditional nanocomposite bed systems, this study utilized BCDs as a liquid-phase adsorbent for the regenerative adsorption of the environmentally harmful dye, methylene blue (MB), through an in-situ precipitation reaction. This involved the formation of BCDs-MB adduct via an electrostatic mechanism. The adsorption capacity and percentage of removal were remarkable at 605 mg g–1 and 64.7% respectively, exceeding various solid-based adsorption methods in the literature. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics model provided an excellent fit for this system. The calculated thermodynamic parameter, Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) was negative, indicating a spontaneous, exothermic, and physisorption-based mechanism. The regenerative capacity of our system was further demonstrated by successfully extracting and recovering the MB dye (64%) using ethyl alcohol as the solvent. This method provides an efficient means of recovering valuable cationic organic dye compounds from contaminated environments.
Treadmill training improves lung function and inhibits alveolar cell apoptosis in spinal cord injured rats
Authors: Wang Xianbin , Fu Yingxue , Yang Xianglian , Chen Yan , Zeng Ni , Hu Shouxing , Ouyang Shuai , Pan Xiao , Wu Shuang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Secondary lung injury after SCI is a major cause of patient mortality, with apoptosis playing a key role. This study aimed to explore the impact of treadmill training and miR145-5p on the MAPK/Erk signaling pathway and apoptosis in rats with complete SCI. SD rats were used to establish T10 segmental complete SCI models and underwent treadmill training 3, 7, or 14 days postinjury. Various techniques including arterial blood gas analysis, lung wet/dry weight ratio, HE staining, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemical staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were employed to assess alterations in lung function and the expression levels of crucial apoptosis-related factors. In order to elucidate the specific mechanism, the impact of miR145-5p on the MAPK/Erk pathway and its role in apoptosis in lung cells were confirmed through miR145-5p overexpression and knockdown experiments. Following spinal cord injury (SCI), an increase in apoptosis, activation of the MAPK/Erk pathway, and impairment of lung function were observed in SCI rats. Conversely, treadmill training resulted in a reduction in alveolar cell apoptosis, suppression of the MAPK/Erk pathway, and enhancement of lung function. The gene MAP3K3 was identified as a target of miR145-5p. The influence of miR145-5p on the MAPK/Erk pathway and its impact on apoptosis in alveolar cells were confirmed through the manipulation of miR145-5p expression levels. The upregulation of miR145-5p in spinal cord injury (SCI) rats led to a reduction in MAP3K3 protein expression within lung tissues, thereby inhibiting the MAPK/Erk signaling pathway and decreasing apoptosis. Contrarily, rats with miR145-5p knockdown undergoing treadmill training exhibited an increase in miR145-5p expression levels, resulting in the inhibition of MAP3K3 protein expression in lung tissues, suppression of the MAPK/Erk pathway, and mitigation of lung cell apoptosis. Ultimately, the findings suggest that treadmill training may attenuate apoptosis in lung cells post-spinal cord injury by modulating the MAP3K3 protein through miR145-5p to regulate the MAPK/Erk signaling pathway.
Effect of metformin and metformin/linagliptin on gut microbiota in patients with prediabetes
Authors: Martínez-López Yoscelina Estrella , Neri-Rosario Daniel , Esquivel-Hernández Diego Armando , Padron-Manrique Cristian , Vázquez-Jiménez Aarón , Sánchez-Castañeda Jean Paul , Girón-Villalobos David , Mendoza-Ortíz Cristian , Reyes-Escogido María de Lourdes , Evia-Viscarra Maria Lola , Aguilar-Garcia Alberto , Resendis-Antonio Osbaldo , Guardado-Mendoza Rodolfo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLifestyle modifications, metformin, and linagliptin reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in people with prediabetes. The gut microbiota (GM) may enhance such interventions' efficacy. We determined the effect of linagliptin/metformin (LM) vs metformin (M) on GM composition and its relationship to insulin sensitivity (IS) and pancreatic β-cell function (Pβf) in patients with prediabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted at different times: basal, six, and twelve months in 167 Mexican adults with prediabetes. These treatments increased the abundance of GM SCFA-producing bacteria M (Fusicatenibacter and Blautia) and LM (Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and [Eubacterium] hallii group). We performed a mediation analysis with structural equation models (SEM). In conclusion, M and LM therapies improve insulin sensitivity and Pβf in prediabetics. GM is partially associated with these improvements since the SEM models suggest a weak association between specific bacterial genera and improvements in IS and Pβf.