bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotoxicity evaluation for single‐walled carbon nanotubes in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays
Authors: Ema Makoto , Imamura Tadashi , Suzuki Hiroshi , Kobayashi Norihiro , Naya Masato , Nakanishi Junko 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe genotoxicity of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was determined using a battery of genotoxicity assays, comprising a bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test and a mammalian erythrocytes micronucleus test. SWCNTs had no mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 or TA1537, or in E. coli WP2uvrA, in the absence or presence of metabolic activation. SWCNTs did not increase the number of structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations after short‐term or continuous exposure. In the micronucleus test using CD‐1 mice, SWCNTs did not affect the proportion of immature erythrocytes, the total proportion of erythrocytes or the number of micronuclei in immature erythrocytes. SWCNTs appear not to pose a genotoxic risk. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An implicit LU‐SGS spectral volume method for the moment models in device simulations III: accuracy enhancement using the LDG2 flux formulation for non‐uniform grids
Authors: Kannan Ravi 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe LDG2 viscous flux formulation was recently developed by Kannan and Wang for the spectral volume setting. The LDG2 scheme is a variant of the more popular LDG formulation and retains the attractive features of the latter. In addition, it also displays higher degree of symmetry and accuracy than the LDG approach and has a milder stability constraint than the original formulation. In this paper, the third in a series, the accuracy of the high‐order spectral volume method for the moment models in device simulations is enhanced by using the LDG2 formulation for discretizing the second derivative diffusive fluxes. More specifically, the emphasis is on showing the efficacy of the new formulation, when used in a domain discretized with highly non‐uniform grids. Unlike the penalty formulations such as the interior penalty and the Bassi and Rebay 2 (BR2) schemes, the LDG2 formulation requires no length‐based penalizing terms and is compact. This eliminates problems associated with obtaining a right length scale when the grid sizes are varying rapidly. A n+–n–n+ diode was assumed for simulation purposes. The results obtained by solving the steady state hydrodynamic models and the energy transport models are compared with the existing LDG, penalty, and the BR2 results. The new formulation always yields more accurate solutions than the ones that used the LDG formulation. It also displays (i) higher fidelity than the BR2 formulations and (ii) comparable fidelity to the penalty formulation when the grids are highly non‐uniform. The LDG2 formulation is compact and hence can be easily parallelized. In general, the numerical results are very promising and indicate that the new diffusive flux formulation is suited better than the existing formulations when the grids are non‐uniform. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of subject‐specific collagen architecture of cartilage into a 2D computational model of a knee joint—data from the osteoarthritis initiative (OAI)
Authors: Räsänen Lasse P. , Mononen Mika E. , Nieminen Miika T. , Lammentausta Eveliina , Jurvelin Jukka S. , Korhonen Rami K. ,   OAI Investigators
Published: July 2012

AbstractA subject‐specific collagen architecture of cartilage, obtained from T2 mapping of 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative), was implemented into a 2D finite element model of a knee joint with fibril‐reinforced poroviscoelastic cartilage properties. For comparison, we created two models with alternative collagen architectures, addressing the potential inaccuracies caused by the nonoptimal estimation of the collagen architecture from MRI. Also two models with constant depth‐dependent zone thicknesses obtained from literature were created. The mechanical behavior of the models were analyzed and compared under axial impact loading of 846N. Compared to the model with patient‐specific collagen architecture, the cartilage model without tangentially oriented collagen fibrils in the superficial zone showed up to 69% decrease in maximum principal stress and fibril strain and 35% and 13% increase in maximum principal strain and pore pressure, respectively, in the superficial layers of the cartilage. The model with increased thickness for the superficial and middle zones, as obtained from the literature, demonstrated at most 73% increase in stress, 143% increase in fibril strain, and 26% and 23% decrease in strain and pore pressure, respectively, in the intermediate cartilage. The present results demonstrate that the computational model of a knee joint with the collagen architecture of cartilage estimated from patient‐specific MRI or literature lead to different stress and strain distributions. The findings also suggest that minor errors in the analysis of collagen architecture from MRI, for example due to the analysis method or MRI resolution, can lead to alterations in knee joint stresses and strains. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:10–22, 2012
Fractional CO2 laser resurfacing for atrophic acne scars: A randomized controlled trial with blinded response evaluation
Authors: Hedelund Lene , Haak Christina S. , Togsverd‐Bo Katrine , Bogh Morten K. , Bjerring Peter , Hædersdal Merete 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of acne scars with fractional CO2 lasers is gaining increasing impact, but has so far not been compared side‐by‐side to untreated control skin.ObjectiveIn a randomized controlled study to examine efficacy and adverse effects of fractional CO2 laser resurfacing for atrophic acne scars compared to no treatment.MethodsPatients (n = 13) with atrophic acne scars in two intra‐individual areas of similar sizes and appearances were randomized to (i) three monthly fractional CO2 laser treatments (MedArt 610; 12–14 W, 48–56 mJ/pulse, 13% density) and (ii) no treatment. Blinded on‐site evaluations were performed by three physicians on 10‐point scales. Endpoints were change in scar texture and atrophy, adverse effects, and patient satisfaction.ResultsPreoperatively, acne scars appeared with moderate to severe uneven texture (6.15 ± 1.23) and atrophy (5.72 ± 1.45) in both interventional and non‐interventional control sites, P = 1. Postoperatively, lower scores of scar texture and atrophy were obtained at 1 month (scar texture 4.31 ± 1.33, P < 0.0001; atrophy 4.08 ± 1.38, P < 0.0001), at 3 months (scar texture 4.26 ± 1.97, P < 0.0001; atrophy 3.97 ± 2.08, P < 0.0001), and at 6 months (scar texture 3.89 ± 1.7, P < 0.0001; atrophy 3.56 ± 1.76, P < 0.0001). Patients were satisfied with treatments and evaluated scar texture to be mild or moderately improved. Adverse effects were minor.ConclusionsIn this single‐blinded randomized controlled trial we demonstrated that moderate to severe atrophic acne scars can be safely improved by ablative fractional CO2 laser resurfacing. The use of higher energy levels might have improved the results and possibly also induced significant adverse effects. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 447–452, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does Consumer Well‐Being Affect Hedonic Consumption?
Authors: Zhong Jing Yang , Mitchell Vincent‐Wayne 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis article presents a theoretical model that reveals how consumers’ long‐term subjective well‐being (SWB) influences their spending on hedonic products. Using the longitudinal data from a large national panel survey, the study found that consumers’SWBinfluences spending on hedonic products via the mediating effects of their positive interpretation of life circumstances and broadened set of activities resulting from positive emotions. The results are explained using cognitive tuning theory and broaden‐and‐build theory and have implications for hedonic products providers in terms of who their target audience is and how demand for their products is generated.
Lycopene inhibits lymphocyte proliferation through mechanisms dependent on early cell activation
Authors: Mills Lynsey M. , Wilson Heather , Thies Frank 
Published: July 2012

ScopeEpidemiological evidence suggests that lycopene is potentially cardio‐protective. Recruitment and activation of T cells in the arterial wall is a critical process during atherogenesis, but the effects of lycopene on T‐cell response remain to be elucidated. We aimed to determine whether lycopene could modulate T‐cell function and activity.Methods and resultsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from 16 healthy adults were cultured in the presence of lycopene‐enriched liposomes (0–2.9 μg lycopene/mL) with or without mitogens. Cell cycle as well as the expression of CD69 (marker of early cell activation), CD25 (IL‐2 receptor), and CD11a (late activation marker) were measured in T cells, T‐helper cells, and T‐cytotoxic cells by flow cytometry. IL‐2 secretion and cell proliferation were determined by ELISA and [3H]‐thymidine incorporation, respectively. Lycopene significantly inhibited lymphocyte proliferation (up to 40%) in activated cells. Lycopene also significantly inhibited CD69 expression (by up to 12%) as well as IL‐2 secretion (by up to 29%). However, CD25 and CD11a expression as well as the cell‐cycle profile were unaffected by lycopene.ConclusionLycopene influences lymphocyte proliferation through its effects on processes involved in early cellular activation, providing one possible mechanism to explain the beneficial effects of tomato‐rich diets against cardiovascular disease.
Determination of intrinsic birefringence values of polycaprolactone filaments
Authors: Krishnanand Kumar , Deopura Basanti L. , Gupta Bhuvanesh 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntrinsic birefringences of polycaprolactone filaments are determined using the approach suggested by Samuels. First, intrinsic lateral moduli are determined from the values of crystallinity and sonic moduli of unoriented filaments. These values are found to be 3.473 GPa and 0.071 GPa, respectively, for crystalline and amorphous regions. The crystallinity, sonic moduli and crystalline orientation function of drawn and heat set filaments are used to evaluate amorphous orientation functions. Finally, Stein and Norris's equation along with birefringence data is used to obtain intrinsic birefringence values of crystalline and amorphous regions and these values are found to be 0.079 ± 0.002 for crystalline regions and 0.066 ± 0.008 for amorphous regions. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Amplification of non‐Markovian decay due to bound state absorption into continuum
Authors: Garmon S. , Petrosky T. , Simine L. , Segal D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIt is known that quantum systems yield non‐exponential (power law) decay on long time scales, associated with continuum threshold effects contributing to the survival probability for a prepared initial state. For an open quantum system consisting of a discrete state coupled to continuum, we study the case in which a discrete bound state of the full Hamiltonian approaches the energy continuum as the system parameters are varied. We find in this case that at least two regions exist yielding qualitatively different power law decay behaviors; we term these the long time ‘near zone’ and long time ‘far zone’. In the near zone the survival probability falls off according to a t‐1 power law, and in the far zone i t falls off as t‐3. We show that the timescale TQ separating these two regions is inversely related to the gap between the discrete bound state energy and the continuum threshold. In the case that the bound state is absorbed into the continuum and vanishes, then the time scale TQ diverges and the survival probability follows the t‐1 power law even on asymptotic scales. Conversely, one could study the case of an anti‐bound state approaching the threshold before being ejected from the continuum to form a bound state. Again the t‐1 power law dominates precisely at the point of ejection.
Interplay of superradiance and disorder in the Anderson Model
Authors: Celardo G.L. , Biella A. , Kaplan L. , Borgonovi F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUsing a non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian approach to open systems, we study the interplay of disorder and superradiance in a one‐dimensional Anderson model. Analyzing the complex eigenvalues of the non‐Hermitian Hamiltonian, a transition to a superradiant regime is shown to occur. As an effect of openness the structure of eigenstates undergoes a strong change in the superradiant regime: we show that the sensitivity to disorder of the superradiant and the subradiant subspaces is very different; superradiant states remain delocalized as disorder increases, while subradiant states are sensitive to the degree of disorder.
Exploring the surface reactivity of Ag nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity: A DFT study
Authors: Estrada‐Salas Rubén E. , Barrón Hector , Valladares Ariel A. , José‐Yacamán Miguel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe preferential sites of electrophilic, nucleophilic, and radical attacks on the surface of highly spherical Ag nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼ 2 nm are studied via the Fukui functions and the molecular electrostatic potential; both are calculated using the density functional (DFT) generalized gradient approximation‐revised version of the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof level of theory with the double‐numerical with polarization functions (DNP) basis set for the valence electrons, and DFT‐based semicore pseudopotentials for the core electrons. Because the interaction of Ag nanoparticles with virus and microorganisms takes place in an aqueous environment, the solvent (water) effect is also obtained using the Conductor‐like Screening Model. Three typical structures are chosen: cuboctahedral, icosahedral, and ino‐decahedral. All three present an “amphoteric” behavior against electrophiles, nucleophiles, and radicals. For the cuboctahedral and decahedral geometries, the highest susceptibility to attack is on the edges shared by a {111} face and a {100} face; for the icosahedral geometry, the highest susceptibility to attack is on the vertices. Ionization potentials, electron affinities, electronegativities, and chemical hardness are also reported. Comparison with experiments is presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spin states of (bio)inorganic systems: Successes and pitfalls
Authors: Swart Marcel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe calculation of spin‐state splittings of transition‐metal complexes is known to be very sensitive to the level of theory and the quality of the basis set. The performance of density functionals is in general understood, with older pure functionals overstabilizing low spin states, and Hartree–Fock and hybrid functionals doing the same for the high spin states. More recent functionals (OLYP/OPBE, TPSSh, SSB‐D, M06‐L) seem to improve on these, but there are still some systems that prove difficult. This Perspective describes some of the recent successes and pitfalls in the description of spin states and treats both methodology and applications such as metal‐oxo complexes, exchange‐enhanced reactivity, spin‐state catalysis, and spin‐crossover compounds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new certificateless authenticated key agreement protocol for SIP with different KGCs
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Geifei 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTSession Initiation Protocol, which can be applied to various networks for establishing, modifying, and terminating multimedia sessions, has received much attention in these years because of its wide applications. Because different users may belong to different networks and different networks may have different Key Generation Centers in identity‐based networks, how to make different networks be compatible and how to make users belong to different Key Generation Centers can establish a secure Session Initiation Protocol session become two key problems. In this paper, we propose a new certificateless authenticated key agreement protocol for different networks to address the problems. The protocol is provably secure against a fully adaptive adversary in the random oracle model, provided that the underlying problem of Gap Bilinear Diffie–Hellman problem is hard. Moreover, our scheme has good performance compared with the certificateless authentication key agreement protocols using pairings. The trick proposed in this paper may give some help in making different networks be compatible. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of trust and reputation systems for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Khalid Osman , Khan Samee U. , Madani Sajjad A. , Hayat Khizar , Khan Majid I. , Min‐Allah Nasro , Kolodziej Joanna , Wang Lizhe , Zeadally Sherali , Chen Dan 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are emerging as useful technology for information extraction from the surrounding environment by using numerous small‐sized sensor nodes that are mostly deployed in sensitive, unattended, and (sometimes) hostile territories. Traditional cryptographic approaches are widely used to provide security in WSN. However, because of unattended and insecure deployment, a sensor node may be physically captured by an adversary who may acquire the underlying secret keys, or a subset thereof, to access the critical data and/or other nodes present in the network. Moreover, a node may not properly operate because of insufficient resources or problems in the network link. In recent years, the basic ideas of trust and reputation have been applied to WSNs to monitor the changing behaviors of nodes in a network. Several trust and reputation monitoring (TRM) systems have been proposed, to integrate the concepts of trust in networks as an additional security measure, and various surveys are conducted on the aforementioned system. However, the existing surveys lack a comprehensive discussion on trust application specific to the WSNs. This survey attempts to provide a thorough understanding of trust and reputation as well as their applications in the context of WSNs. The survey discusses the components required to build a TRM and the trust computation phases explained with a study of various security attacks. The study investigates the recent advances in TRMs and includes a concise comparison of various TRMs. Finally, a discussion on open issues and challenges in the implementation of trust‐based systems is also presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and molecular mapping of RsrR, a resistant gene to maize head smut
Authors: Li W. H. , Xu X. D. , Li G. , Guo L. Q. , Wu S. W. , Jiang Y. , Dong H. Y. , Weng M. L. , Jin D. M. , Wu J. Y. , Ru Z. G. , Wang B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMaize head smut (MHS) caused by the fungi Sporisorium reilianum (Kühn) Landon and Fullerton (S. reilianum) is the most serious disease occurred in China recently. There are only a few reports concerning the genetics of this disease and the resistant gene of maize. In this paper a new dominant resistant gene to MHS caused by the pathogen Shenyang-1 of S. reilianum was discovered from a newly developed resistant inbred line ‘R24’ and was named RsrR. RsrR gene was molecular tagged and mapped on the long arm of maize chromosome 1 via simple sequence repeat-bulked segregant analysis (SSR-BSA) and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP)-BSA analysis, the nearest linkage marker is 2.5 cM apart from the RsrR gene. The gene RsrR has been transferred into two elite maize inbred lines, ‘Huangzao4’ and ‘Qi319’, through traditional hybridization and marker assisted selection. The converted lines can be used in maize MHS-resistance breeding.
Detecting rickets in premature infants and treating them with calcitriol: Experience from two cases
Authors: Chen Hung‐Yi , Chiu Li‐Chien , Yek Yung‐Lee , Chen Yi‐Ling 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA premature infant is a baby born before 37 weeks of gestation. Rickets is a bone disease characterized by growth retardation due to the expansion of the hypertrophic chondrocyte layer of the growth plate and a failure to mineralize bone. Consequently, the bone is soft and permits marked bending and distortion. Although the incidence of rickets in preterm infants is lower due to improvements in health care and nutrition, there are still infants at high risk for this disease. However, few reports are available regarding the treatment of rickets in premature infants. Furthermore, published case studies on experiences with using calcitriol as a potential therapeutic for rickets in premature infants are very rare. Herein, we describe the detection of rickets in premature infants and our experience with calcitriol treatment in two premature infants. We recommended the use of oral calcitriol at a dose of 0.03–0.125 μg/kg/day, in addition to an appropriate formula that provides an adequate amount of calcium and phosphate intake. One patient was prescribed calcitriol for 40 days and the other for 37 days. The two infants gradually recovered and were discharged without any obvious side effects. It is recommended that alkaline phosphatase levels be monitored within 1 month after birth in premature infants with a birth weight of <1000 g. Infants presenting with high alkaline phosphatase levels are candidates for a long bone survey.
Translational aspects of rectal evoked potentials: A comparative study in rats and humans
Authors: Nissen Thomas Dahl , Graversen Carina , Coen Steven , Hultin Leif , Aziz Qasim , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Brock Christina 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
In recent years only few novel drugs targeting visceral pain have been developed. This lack of success may be explained by animal models having poor predictive value. To increase the success of translating results from animals to humans there is a demand for comparable test models. The aim was to establish a comparable and reliable translational model to evoke mechanical rectal pain in rats and humans.

Methods
Mechanical rectal rapid balloon distension was done on two different days in 12 rats (separated by 24.3 ± 7.1 days) and 18 humans (separated by 9.3 ± 1.3 days). Evoked potentials were recorded from permanently implanted skull-electrodes in rats, at stimulation pressure of 80 mmHg and duration of 100 ms. In human surface electrodes and individualized pressure, corresponding to the pain detection threshold, lasting 150 ms, were used. Within- and between days reproducibility were assessed in terms of latencies, amplitudes and frequency content.

Results
In both rats and humans evoked potentials with tri-phasic morphology were recorded. No differences in latencies, amplitudes and power distribution were seen within or between days (all F ≤ 2.0; all P ≥ 0.2). The analyses of the EPs revealed peak-to-peak amplitude as the most reproducible parameter within (ICC ≥ 0.84) and between (ICC ≥ 0.70) days, seen across both species. The spectral analyses showed that the EEG power was distributed mainly in the delta and theta bands. The main power in rats was contained in the theta band (45%), whereas humans had the predominant power in the delta band (46%).

Conclusion
A unique visceral translational platform was established to reliably assess neurophysiologic response to rapid balloon distension in rats and humans. The model provides an approach to study basic and clinical pain as well as pharmacological intervention.