bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen treatment prevents gray matter atrophy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: MacKenzie‐Graham Allan J. , Rinek Gilda A. , Avedisian Andrea , Morales Laurie B. , Umeda Elizabeth , Boulat Benoit , Jacobs Russell E. , Toga Arthur W. , Voskuhl Rhonda R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGray matter atrophy is an important correlate to clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), and many treatment trials include atrophy as an outcome measure. Atrophy has been shown to occur in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used animal model of MS. The clinical severity of EAE is reduced in estrogen‐reated mice, but it remains unknown whether estrogen treatment can reduce gray matter atrophy in EAE. In this study, mice with EAE were treated with either estrogen receptor (ER)‐α ligand or ER‐β ligand, and diffusion tensor images (DTI) were collected and neuropathology was performed. DTI showed atrophy in the cerebellar gray matter of vehicle‐treated EAE mice compared with healthy controls but not in ER‐α or ER‐β ligand‐treated EAE mice. Neuropathology demonstrated that Purkinje cell numbers were decreased in vehicle‐treated EAE mice, whereas neither ER ligand‐treated EAE groups showed a decrease. This is the first report of a neuroprotective therapy in EAE that unambiguously prevents gray matter atrophy while sparing a major neuronal cell type. Fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cerebellar white matter was decreased in vehicle‐ and ER‐β ligand‐treated but not in ER‐α ligand‐treated EAE mice. Inflammatory cell infiltration was increased in vehicle‐ and ER‐β ligand‐treated but not in ER‐α ligand‐treated EAE mice. Myelin staining was decreased in vehicle‐treated EAE mice and was spared in both ER ligand‐treated groups. This is consistent with decreased FA as a potential biomarker for inflammation rather than myelination or axonal damage in the cerebellum in EAE. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Near‐UV laser treatment of extrinsic dental enamel stains
Authors: Schoenly J.E. , Seka W. , Featherstone J.D.B. , Rechmann P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe selective ablation of extrinsic dental enamel stains using a 400‐nm laser is evaluated at several fluences for completely removing stains with minimal damage to the underlying enamel.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA frequency‐doubled Ti:sapphire laser (400‐nm wavelength, 60‐nanosecond pulse duration, 10‐Hz repetition rate) was used to treat 10 extracted human teeth with extrinsic enamel staining. Each tooth was irradiated perpendicular to the surface in a back‐and‐forth motion over a 1‐mm length using an ∼300‐µm‐diam 10th‐order super‐Gaussian beam with fluences ranging from 0.8 to 6.4 J/cm2. Laser triangulation determined stain depth and volume removed by measuring 3D surface images before and after irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy evaluated the surface roughness of enamel following stain removal. Fluorescence spectroscopy measured spectra of unbleached and photobleached stains in the spectral range of 600–800 nm.ResultsExtrinsic enamel stains are removed with laser fluences between 0.8 and 6.4 J/cm2. Stains removed on sound enamel leave behind a smooth enamel surface. Stain removal in areas with signs of earlier cariogenic acid attacks resulted in isolated and randomly located laser‐induced, 50‐µm‐diam enamel pits. These pits contain 0.5‐µm diam, smooth craters indicative of heat transfer from the stain to the enamel and subsequent melting and water droplet ejection. Ablation stalling of enamel stains is typically observed at low fluences (<3 J/cm2) and is accompanied by a drastic reduction in porphyrin fluorescence from the Soret band.ConclusionLaser ablation of extrinsic enamel stains at 400 nm is observed to be most efficient above 3 J/cm2 with minimal damage to the underlying enamel. Unsound underlying enamel is also observed to be selectively removed after irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:339–345, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Monodisperse Magnetic Polymer Microspheres Biofunctionalized for Enzyme Catalysis and Bioaffinity Separations
Authors: Horák Daniel , Kučerová Jana , Korecká Lucie , Jankovičová Barbora , Palarčík Jiří , Mikulášek Petr , Bílková Zuzana 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMagnetic macroporous PGMA and PHEMA microspheres containing carboxyl groups are synthesized by multi‐step swelling and polymerization followed by precipitation of iron oxide inside the pores. The microspheres are characterized by SEM, IR spectroscopy, AAS, and zeta‐potential measurements. Their functional groups enable bioactive ligands of various sizes and chemical structures to couple covalently. The applicability of these monodisperse magnetic microspheres in biospecific catalysis and bioaffinity separation is confirmed by coupling with the enzyme trypsin and huIgG. Trypsin‐modified magnetic PGMA‐COOH and PHEMA‐COOH microspheres are investigated in terms of their enzyme activity, operational and storage stability. The presence of IgG molecules on microspheres is confirmed.magnified image
Photo‐Crosslinked Biodegradable Hydrogels Prepared From Fumaric Acid Monoethyl Ester‐Functionalized Oligomers for Protein Delivery
Authors: Jansen Janine , Mihov George , Feijen Jan , Grijpma Dirk W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPhoto‐crosslinkable, fumaric acid monoethyl ester‐functionalized triblock oligomers are synthesized and copolymerized with N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone to form biodegradable photo‐crosslinked hydrogels. Poly(ethylene glycol) is used as the middle hydrophilic segment and the hydrophobic segments are based on D,L‐lactide, trimethylene carbonate or a mixture of these monomers. Two model proteins, lysozyme and albumin, are incorporated in the hydrogels and their release is studied. The composition of the hydrophobic segments could be used to tune degradation behavior and release rates. Careful optimization of photo‐polymerization conditions is needed to limit conjugation of proteins to the hydrogels and protein denaturation.magnified image
Acenes With a Click
Authors: Waterloo Andreas R. , Kunakom Sylvia , Hampel Frank , Tykwinski Rik R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA protected pentacene precursor is functionalized in the 6‐ and 13‐positions with alkyne groups and subsequently derivatized by a copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Aromatization then gives the desired pentacene derivatives. This method offers an expedient route to a range of bench‐top stable, pentacene, and oligopentacene based chromophores, all derived from a single building block. These new pentacene derivatives are characterized by NMR, IR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopies. X‐ray crystallographic data for two derivatives is used to evaluate the prospect of electronic communication in the solid state via π‐stacking interactions.
Highly Efficient, Red‐Emitting Hyperbranched Polymers Utilizing a Phenyl‐Isoquinoline Iridium Complex as the Core
Authors: Guo Ting , Yu Lei , Zhao Baofeng , Li Yanhu , Tao Yun , Yang Wei , Hou Qiong , Wu Hongbin , Cao Yong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRed‐emitting hyperbranched polymers utilizing polyfluorene (PF) and poly(fluorene‐alt‐carbazole) (PFCz) as the branches and the phenyl‐isoquinoline iridium complex [(Piq)2Ir(Pytz)] (where Piq is 1‐phenylisoquinoline and Pytz is 3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole) as the core are synthesized by a Suzuki polycondensation, using the “A2 + A2’ + B3” approach. The HOMO and LUMO levels of the PFCz branch are enhanced compared with those of the PF branches, indicating that the incorporation of the Cz moiety into the fluorene branches can improve hole injection in the polymers, while the potential barrier of electron injection is enlarged. The hyperbranched polymers using fluorene branches exhibit a better device performance. A maximum luminous efficiency of 6.54 cd A−1 (peak external quantum efficiency = 4.88%) at 5.4 V with CIE co‐ordinates of (0.65, 0.34) is obtained from the PF‐PiqIr2 polymer. The device efficiencies from the copolymers show a reduced roll‐off upon an increase of the current density.
Long‐Term Properties of Injection‐Molded Micro‐Parts: Influence of Part Dimensions and Cooling Conditions on Aging Behavior
Authors: Meister Steve , Jungmeier Ariane , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA variety of polymer parts used in microsystems technology is produced by injection molding. For dimensioning and design of these products, both the material properties and changes during the life cycle have to be taken into account. The aging behavior of parts with decreasing dimensions or of parts processed under different cooling conditions is discussed in terms of their morphological and mechanical long‐term properties. The results indicate that a decreasing part size leads to higher post‐crystallization and higher thermo‐oxidative degradation. This leads to size‐dependent changes in mechanical properties. Adjusted process conditions by application of thermal low‐conductive mold materials can favor the process‐related properties and thus the long term properties can be improved.magnified image
Microsomal epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms, cigarette smoking, and risk of colorectal cancer: The Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study
Authors: Nisa Hoirun , Budhathoki Sanjeev , Morita Makiko , Toyomura Kengo , Nagano Jun , Ohnaka Keizo , Kono Suminori , Ueki Takashi , Tanaka Masao , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko , Okamura Takeshi , Ikejiri Koji , Futami Kitaroh , Maekawa Takafumi , Yasunami Yohichi , Takenaka Kenji , Ichimiya Hitoshi , Terasaka Reiji 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMicrosomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) plays an important role in the activation and detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carcinogens found in cigarette smoke. Polymorphisms in exon 3 (Y113H) and exon 4 (H139R) of the EPHX1 have been associated with enzyme activity. We investigated the risk of colorectal cancer in relation to the EPHX1 Y113H and H139R polymorphisms and assessed effect modifications of cigarette smoking and the other covariates. The interaction between the EPHX1 polymorphisms and selected genetic polymorphisms was also examined. We used data from Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study, a community‐based case–control study, including 685 cases and 778 controls. In‐person interviews were conducted to assess lifestyle factors. The EPHX1 Y113H and H139R polymorphisms were determined by the TaqMan assay and the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Neither of the two polymorphisms nor the imputed EPHX1 phenotype was associated with colorectal cancer risk. Cigarette smoking and alcohol intake showed no effect modification on the association with the EPHX1 polymorphisms or the imputed EPHX1 phenotype. Increased risks of colorectal cancer associated with the 113Y allele and imputed EPHX1 phenotype were observed among individuals with high body mass index (BMI; ≥25.0 kg/m2), but not among those with low BMI (<25.0 kg/m2). The risk decreased with an increasing number of the 139R allele in the null genotypes of GSTM1/GSTT1. It is unlikely that the EPHX1 polymorphisms play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. The observed interactions of the EPHX1 polymorphisms with BMI and the GSTM1/GSTT1 genotypes warrant further investigation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional polymorphisms in the insulin‐like binding protein‐3 gene may modulate susceptibility to differentiated thyroid carcinoma in Caucasian Americans
Authors: Xu Li , Mugartegui Liliana , Li Guojun , Sarlis Nicholas J. , Wei Qingyi , Zafereo Mark E. , Sturgis Erich M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) pathway is believed to play a pivotal role in thyroid carcinogenesis. Polymorphisms of IGF‐1 and IGF binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) have been associated with modulation of risk for the emergence of assorted common malignancies, but studies of the influence of such polymorphisms on risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are lacking. In a case–control study of 173 DTC patients, 101 patients with benign thyroid disease, and 401 controls, an unconditional logistical regression model adjusted for age and sex was applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between polymorphisms of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 and DTC risk. IGFBP‐3 rs2132572 GA/AA genotypes were associated with a decreased risk of DTC (adjusted OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9), particularly multifocal DTC (adjusted OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7). The association with DTC was more evident in subjects with a first‐degree family history of cancer (adjusted OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.7, Pinteraction = 0.013) and non‐drinkers (adjusted OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.7, Pinteraction = 0.028). A four single nucleotide polymorphism haplotype of IGFBP‐3 was associated with a decreased risk of DTC (adjusted OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–1.0, P = 0.030). Our study suggests that polymorphic IGFBP‐3 may be involved in susceptibility to DTC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Existing and Developing Approaches for QSAR Analysis of Mixtures
Authors: Muratov Eugene N. , Varlamova Ekaterina V. , Artemenko Anatoly G. , Polishchuk Pavel G. , Kuz'min Victor E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis review is devoted to the critical analysis of advantages and disadvantages of existing mixture descriptors and their usage in various QSAR/QSPR tasks. We describe good practices for the QSAR modeling of mixtures, data sources for mixtures, a discussion of various mixture descriptors and their application, recommendations about proper external validation specific for mixture QSAR modeling, and future perspectives of this field. The biggest problem in QSAR of mixtures is the lack of reliable data about the mixtures’ properties. Various mixture descriptors are used for the modeling of different endpoints. However, these descriptors have certain disadvantages, such as applicability only to 1 : 1 binary mixtures, and additive nature. The field of QSAR of mixtures is still under development, and existing efforts could be considered as a foundation for future approaches and studies. The usage of non‐additive mixture descriptors, which are sensitive to interaction effects, in combination with best practices of QSAR model development (e.g., thorough data collection and curation, rigorous external validation, etc.) will significantly improve the quality of QSAR studies of mixtures.
Compact ultra‐wideband notch‐band bandpass filters using multiple slotline resonators
Authors: Song Kaijun , Pan Tao , Xue Quan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA novel extremely compact ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with a notch band is presented.The multiple slotline resonators have been applied to construct the UWB BPF and implement the notch band within the UWB passband. Based on the transmission‐line theory, the equivalent‐circuit model of the proposed UWB notch‐band BPF has been developed. The upper cut‐off frequency and passband bandwidth of the UWB BPF, as well as the center frequency of the notched band can be adjusted by tuning the structural parameters. The proposed compact UWB notch‐band BPF using multiple slotline resonators has been designed, simulated, and measured. The measured results agree with the simulated ones closely. The notched band centered at around 5.7 GHz has 10‐dB rejection fractional bandwidths of about 2%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1132–1135, 2012
Low‐power quadrature voltage‐controlled oscillator formed with two injection‐locked frequency dividers
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Chou Li‐Te 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article presents a new low‐voltage n‐core quadrature voltage‐controlled oscillator (QVCO), which consists of two low‐voltage n‐core cross‐coupled voltage‐controlled oscillators (VCOs) with two injection MOSFETs in shunt with inductors used for inductive voltage boosting, and the QVCO coupling mechanism is the injection locking.The proposed CMOS QVCO has been implemented with the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology, and the die area is 0.86 × 0.75 mm2. At the supply voltage of 0.7 V, the total power consumption is 0.847 mW. The free‐running frequency of the QVCO is tunable from 4.44 to 5.25 GHz, as the tuning voltage is varied from 0.0 to 0.7 V. The measured phase noise at 1 MHz frequency offset is −118.21 dBc/Hz at the oscillation frequency of 4.615 GHz, and the figure of merit of the proposed QVCO is −192.91 dBc/Hz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1170–1173, 2012
Miniature bandpass filters with stepped‐impedance resonators
Authors: Tsai Lin‐Chuan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article, a new configuration of higher selectivity bandpass filter using miniature open‐loop stepped‐impedance resonator (SIR) is designed and fabricated. The central frequency of the filter is 2.45 GHz and the bandwidth is 8%. Using miniature open‐loop SIR resonator, we design filter based on cross‐coupling and input and output external quality factor. A single transmission zero is realized by the cross‐coupling in the structures, which can improve the skirt selectivity of the filter. The circuit size of a miniature open‐loop SIR bandpass filter reduces to 50% of the square open‐loop resonator bandpass filter. The results of measurements are in good agreement with the full‐wave simulation results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1167–1170, 2012
Photonic asynchronous delta‐sigma modulator system for analog‐to‐digital conversion
Authors: Siahmakoun Azad , Constanzo‐Caso Pablo , Reeves Erin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA novel photonic asynchronous delta‐sigma modulator (ADSM) has been investigated and demonstrated for the first time in this article. An inverted bistable quantizer is required due to use of a positive feedback in this noninterferometric optical implementation. The principles of the proposed optical first‐order and second‐order ADSM are modeled and analyzed. Two main components of the novel optical ADSM; the leaky integrator and the inverted bistable quantizer have been mathematically analyzed, simulated, and characterized. Finally, a prototype fiber‐optic ADSM is constructed. The prototype operates at MHz frequencies producing four effective‐number‐of‐bits resolution. The reported fiber‐optic ADSM is a very promising for future integration of this system on a photonic chip thus increasing the operation frequency range up to tens of GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1287–1292, 2012
Novel design of compact open‐slot antenna for UWB application with dual band‐notched characteristics
Authors: Sun A.‐F. , Yin Y.‐Z. , Yang Y. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article, a novel compact UWB antenna with dual band‐notched characteristics is proposed. The original UWB antenna is realized by etching an open‐slot on the ground plane. The 5.2‐ and 5.8‐GHz WLAN rejected bands are achieved by inserting a slot on the ground plane and a slot‐type split ring resonator inside a circular exciting stub on the front side, respectively. The antenna has a compact structure with an area of 16 × 27 mm2. The small size makes it an excellent candidate for UWB operation. Prototype of the antenna are fabricated and tested. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna achieves a wide impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2) from 2.92 to over 12 GHz, and the dual rejected bands (VSWR > 2) are 4.85–5.37 GHz and 5.68‐5.98 GHz. Radiation patterns and antenna gains are also given in this article. Detailed design steps, parametric studies and experimental results for the antenna are investigated in the following section. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1159–1163, 2012
V‐band high‐isolation CMOS T/R switch fabricated using 90‐nm CMOS technology
Authors: Kuo Chi‐Shin , Kuo Hsin‐Chih , Chuang Huey‐Ru , Chen Chu‐Yu , Huang Tzuen‐Hsi , Huang Guo‐Wei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article presents a V‐band high‐isolation complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) single‐pole double‐throw transmitter/receiver (T/R) switch fabricated with TSMC standard 90‐nm 1P9M CMOS technology. A low insertion loss and high linearity are achieved using the body‐floating technique. In addition, the leakage cancellation technique is used to increase the isolation between the transmitter and receiver ports. The measured results show the insertion loss from the transmitter port to the antenna port is less than 3.5 dB, and the isolation between the transmitter and receiver ports is higher than 28 dB from 57 to 64 GHz. At the center frequency of 60 GHz, the port isolation is higher than 34 dB. The switch isolation has also been measured under the large signal test which is not reported in the previous works. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1118–1123, 2012
A low‐power 3.2–9.7 GHz ultra‐wideband low‐noise amplifier with excellent stop‐band rejection using 0.18‐μm CMOS technology
Authors: Chang Jin‐Fa , Lin Yo‐Sheng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA low‐power 3.2–9.7 GHz low‐noise amplifier (LNA) with excellent stop‐band rejection by 0.18‐μm CMOS technology is demonstrated.High stop‐band rejection is achieved using a planar passive band‐pass filter with three finite transmission zeros (in the input terminal of the common‐gate LNA), one of which (ωz1 = 0.9 GHz) is in the low‐frequency stop‐band and the other two (ωz3 and ωz5) are in the high‐frequency stop‐band. In addition, an active notch filter is used in the output terminal of the LNA to introduce another low‐frequency stop‐band transmission zero (ωz2) at 2.4 GHz. The LNA consumes 4.68 mW and achieves S11 of −10 to −39.5 dB, S21 of 9.3 ± 1.5 dB, and an average noise figure (NF) of 6 dB over the 3.2–9.7 GHz band. Moreover, the stop‐band interferers can be effectively attenuated. The measured stop‐band rejection is better than 21.6 dB for frequencies DC ∼2.5 GHz and 11.2–20 GHz. The corresponding stop‐band rejection at 0.9, 1.8, 2.4, 17.6, and 19.5 GHz are 53.3, 26.4, 26.5, 60, and 59.5 dB, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1253–1261, 2012
Design, development, and performance evaluation of a compact and long‐range passive UHF RFID tag
Authors: Catarinucci L. , Colella R. , Tarricone L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPassive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags can be classified in terms of reading range.Short‐range tags communicate with the reader up to a few centimetres. Medium‐range tags reach almost 5 meters. Long‐range tags work properly up to almost 12 meters. Nevertheless, the longer is the working distance, the larger is the tag size. In this work, a new passive UHF RFID tag has been designed, realized, and tested. Based on the joint use of various design and miniaturization techniques, our device is as compact as a medium‐range tag. The tag prototype has been extensively tested and compared with both a commercial medium‐range tag with similar size and a well‐performing long range tag. For all such tags, measurements of received signal strength indication, working range, tag sensitivity, and differential radar cross section have been carried out and compared. Results are impressive. Despite the compactness of the proposed tag, its performance is appreciably better than the medium‐range tag and even comparable with the tested long range one. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1335–1339, 2012