bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of GPS and lidar salt marsh DEMs
Authors: Chassereau Jessica E. , Bell Joseph M. , Torres Raymond 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTDigital elevation models (DEMs) were compared to characterize how well airborne lidar (light detection and ranging) data depict the microtopography of a salt marsh. 72,000 GPS points and 700,000 lidar points from a 1 km2 salt marsh island were linearly interpolated using identical DEM configurations. Overall, 78% of lidar elevations were within ±0.15 m of the high precision GPS elevations. Spatial arrangement of difference values reveal that lidar performed best on the marsh platform, and poorly along tidal creeks and creek heads. Also, the overall shape of the salt marsh was poorly defined, even where lidar data were within the reported range of accuracy. These observations indicate that lidar appears to be a robust tool for mapping intertidal landscapes. However, lidar DEMs may not adequately resolve the microtopographic variations of a salt marsh, and for research questions that require accurate depiction of small‐scale tidal creek networks and subtle terrain features lidar data should be augmented with other information. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fluid solver based on vorticity–helical density equations with application to a natural convection in a cubic cavity
Authors: Olshanskii Maxim A. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYWe study numerically a recently introduced formulation of incompressible Newtonian fluid equations in vorticity–helical density and velocity–Bernoulli pressure variables. Unlike most numerical methods based on vorticity equations, the current approach provides discrete solutions with mass conservation, divergence‐free vorticity, and accurate kinetic energy balance in a simple and natural way. The method is applied to compute buoyancy‐driven flows in a differentially heated cubic enclosure in the Boussinesq approximation forRa ∈ {104,105,106}. The numerical solutions on a finer grid are of benchmark quality. The computed helical density allows quantification of the three‐dimensional nature of the flow. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale: a new measure designed to assess anticipatory dementia in older adults
Authors: French Samantha L. , Floyd Mark , Wilkins Stacy , Osato Sheryl 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundAs the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rapidly increasing, apprehension about developing the degenerative disease (anticipatory dementia or fear of developing AD) has become a topic of interest. However, most studies of anticipatory dementia have utilized brief, nonvalidated measures to explore older adults' apprehension. As such, there is a significant need for a psychometrically sound instrument to measure this fear.MethodsThe current study utilized 101 older adults ages 65 to 91 to develop and validate an important new scale, the Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale (FADS). Construct validity of the FADS was assessed with the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐Form Y (STAI‐Y).ResultsAnalyses revealed a three‐factor model for the FADS (i.e., General Fear, Physical Symptoms, and Catastrophic Attitude) and an α of 0.94 for the entire measure, indicating good internal consistency. The FADS demonstrated good construct validity, as it was significantly correlated with both the state and trait subscales of the STAI‐Y, with the trait subscale yielding the highest correlation.ConclusionThe FADS is a reliable and valid instrument and is the first of its kind available to directly address anticipatory dementia among a general population of older adults. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of cannabimimetic aminoalkylindole based 5‐(4‐alkyl‐1‐naphthoylamino)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐sulfonamides
Authors: Zengin Gulay , Nalbantbasi Zehra , Zengin Huseyin , Turkmen Hasan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel series of cannabimimetic aminoalkylindole‐based sulfonamide derivatives was synthesized. These new compounds were synthesized by reacting acyl chlorides of naphthoic acids with deacetylated acetazolamide in the presence of N‐ethyl‐morpholine to give structures incorporating 1‐naphthoyl groups of cannabimimetic aminoalkylindoles and a five‐membered heteroring typical of antiglaucoma sulfa drugs. The synthesized compounds were characterized using standard techniques. Photoluminescence of these derivatives was also studied, where more electron‐donating groups on the aromatic ring at the para‐position caused an increase in the intensity of the main peaks and shifts to higher emission wavelengths. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:707–714, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20738
Travel time controls the magnitude of nitrate discharge in groundwater bypassing the riparian zone to a stream on Virginia's coastal plain
Authors: Flewelling Samuel A. , Herman Janet S. , Hornberger George M. , Mills Aaron L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGroundwater that bypasses the riparian zone by travelling along deep flow paths may deliver high concentrations of fertilizer‐derived NO3− to streams, or it may be impacted by the NO3− removal process of denitrification in streambed sediments. In a study of a small agricultural catchment on the Atlantic coastal plain of Virginia's eastern shore, we used seepage meters deployed in the streambed to measure specific discharge of groundwater and its solute concentrations for various locations and dates. We used values of Cl− concentration to discriminate between bypass water recharged distal to the stream and that contained high NO3− but low Cl− concentrations and riparian‐influenced water recharged proximal to the stream that contained low NO3− and high Cl− concentrations. The travel time required for bypass water to transit the 30‐cm‐thick, microbially active denitrifying zone in the streambed determined the extent of NO3− removal, and hydraulic conductivity determined travel time through the streambed sediments. At all travel times greater than 2 days, NO3− removal was virtually complete. Comparison of the timescales for reaction and transport through the streambed sediments in this system confirmed that the predominant control on nitrate flux was travel time rather than denitrification rate coefficients. We conclude that extensive denitrification can occur in groundwater that bypasses the riparian zone, but a residence time in biologically active streambed sediments sufficient to remove a large fraction of the NO3− is only achieved in relatively low‐conductivity porous media. Instead of viewing them as separate, the streambed and riparian zone should be considered an integrated NO3− removal unit. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A probabilistic model for real‐time flood warning based on deterministic flood inundation mapping
Authors: Jang Jiun‐Huei , Yu Pao‐Shan , Yeh Sen‐Hai , Fu Jin‐Cheng , Huang Chen‐Jia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDeterministic flood inundation mapping is valuable for the investigation of detailed flood depth and extent. However, when these data are used for real‐time flood warning, uncertainty arises while encountering the difficulties of timely response, message interpretation and performance evaluation that makes statistical analysis necessary. By incorporating deterministic flood inundation map outputs statistically by means of logistic regression, this paper presents a probabilistic real‐time flood warning model determining region‐based flood probability directly from rainfall, being efficient in computation, clear in message, and valid in physical meaning. The calibration and validation of the probabilistic model show a satisfactory overall correctness rate, with the hit rate far surpassing the false alarm rate in issuing flood warning for historical events. Further analyses show that the probabilistic model is effective in evaluating the level of uncertainty lying within flood warning which can be reduced by several techniques proposed in order to improve warning performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An intravenous exposure mouse model for prediction of potential drug‐sensitization using reporter antigens popliteal lymph node assay
Authors: Lin Mingbao , Sun Wei , Wang Yingchao , Li Xiang , Jin Yecheng , Gong Wan , Fan Xiaohui , Wang Yi 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTImmune‐mediated drug hypersensitivity is a particularly concerning health‐safety issue among clinicians given its unpredictability and potentially life‐threatening effects, especially with exposure to intravenous drugs. Therefore, the development of intravenous drug‐exposure models for drug‐hazard assessments has garnered increasing interest in recent years. In this study, we used reporter antigens popliteal lymph node assay to investigate the potential value of intravenous exposure to a selected variety of allergenic compounds, including ovalbumin (OVA), concanavalin A (ConA) and diclofenac. The trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐specific antibody‐forming cells were used to assess the systemic immune responses to a bystander antigen. Mice were subsequently sensitized by TNP–OVA, and then intravenous exposure to one of the selective compounds. As expected, all positive compounds induced significant popliteal lymph node (PLN) proliferation compared with the control. OVA significantly increased Cluster of Differentiation 4 receptors (CD4)+ interleukin‐4 (IL‐4)+ T‐helper 2 (Th2) cells and, consequently, increased the ratios of IL‐4/interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) antibody‐forming cells (AFCs) in PLNs, while bringing about a dose‐dependent increase in immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) AFCs; these findings indicate that a Th2 hypersensitivity response was induced. A Th2 response was also observed in diclofenac sodium‐treated groups, and for ConA, a more mixed Th1/Th2 immune response appeared to be induced. In addition, there was no marked reaction with the negative compound. Together, it seems likely that the intravenous exposure model may be useful for drug‐induced systemic hypersensitivity assessments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy applied to early (ca. 1746–1754) English steatitic porcelains: a tentative study of compositions
Authors: Jay W. H. , Orwa J. O. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTwo pieces of unmarked English porcelainware, a vase and a coffee cup, were examined by Raman spectroscopy. The presence of both forsterite and enstatite was identified in the vase, and enstatite and diopside in the coffee cup, indicating that both articles contained magnesium. The glazes on the two objects were found to be different in chemical composition, as were the compositions of their on‐glaze enamels used for their decoration. Residues of an organic binder were observed in the turquoise on‐glaze enamels used to decorate both objects, indicating that either this colour was cold‐painted onto these, or, more likely, a lead‐based glaze fired at very low temperature was employed. From the data generated, together with the supporting historical information, it is now proposed that the two objects were decorated in different factories, most likely between ca. 1746 and 1754. The vase has been attributed to manufacture and decoration at Worcester during ca. 1753–1754, and the coffee cup is presently attributed to Bow manufacture and decoration in ca. 1746. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering in the study of human rotator cuff tissues after shock wave treatment
Authors: Cárcamo J. J. , Aliaga A. E. , Clavijo E. , Brañes M. , Campos‐Vallette M. M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractImportant improvements of diseases of the rotator cuff supraspinatus tendons are seen after shock wave (SW) treatment. Neo‐angiogenesis stimulation and hypercellularization result from short periods of treatment. The present work is an attempt to provide a first approach to these bioprocesses, most likely associated with structural aspects resulting from biochemical changes brought about by the SW. Immunohistochemical data indicate that collagen areas in the tissues are influenced the most by the SW. Presence of additional collagens I and III by the SW treatment is inferred from an observed increase of the tissue's tinctorial properties. The tools selected for our studies are Raman spectroscopy and the ultrasensitive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Here we extract information from 1016 SERS spectra of 52 biopsies of human tendon tissues on Ag nanoparticles before and after the SW treatment. The spectral information is analyzed on the basis of Raman and SERS data of collagen types I and III and their most abundant amino acid components. SERS spectra of tissues reveal the presence of characteristic modes related mainly to amino acids. It has been found that the main differences between both tissue samples could be correlated with the structural conformational aspects of collagen. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antifreeze glycoprotein agents: structural requirements for activity
Authors: Carvajal‐Rondanelli Patricio A , Marshall Sergio H , Guzman Fanny 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAntifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are considered to be the most efficient means to reduce ice damage to cell tissues since they are able to inhibit growth and crystallization of ice. The key element of antifreeze proteins is to act in a non‐colligative manner which allows them to function at concentrations 300–500 times lowers than other dissolved solutes. During the past decade, AFGPs have demonstrated tremendous potential for many pharmaceutical and food applications. Presently, the only route to obtain AFGPs involves the time consuming and expensive process of isolation and purification from deep‐sea polar fishes. Unfortunately, it is not amenable to mass production and commercial applications. The lack of understanding of the mechanism through which the AFGPs inhibit ice growth has also hampered the realization of industrial and biotechnological applications. Here we report the structural motifs that are essential for antifreeze activity of AFGPs, and propose a unified mechanism based on both recent studies of short alanine peptides and structure activity relationship of synthesized AFGPs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The potential reuse of soybean husk as feedstock of Eudrilus eugeniae in vermicomposting
Authors: Lim Pei Nie , Wu Ta Yeong , Shyang Sim Edwin Yih , Lim Su Lin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one the most commonly consumed legumes worldwide, with 200 million metric tons produced per year. However, the inedible soy husk would usually be removed during the process and the continuous generation of soybean husk may represent a major disposal problem for soybean processing industries. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility to convert soybean husk (S) amended with market‐rejected papaya (P) into vermicompost using Eudrilus eugeniae.RESULTS: Soybean husk was mixed with market‐rejected papaya in different ratios to produce five different treatments (1P:1S, 2P:1S, 1P:2S, S only and P only) for laboratory screening of solid wastes. Generally, the application of E. eugeniae permitted a significant increase in Ca (42.3–91.6%), K (93.8–235%), Mg (25.4–84.6%) and P (37.1–129%) but a decrease in the C:N ratio (21.4–52.8%) after 9 weeks of vermicomposting. Among all the treatments investigated, soybean husk which was mixed with an equal amount of market‐rejected papaya (1P:1S) showed superior quality vermicompost. Waste mixtures also encouraged the growth of E. eugeniae except the treatments with soybean husk alone as well as soybean husk which was mixed with market‐rejected papaya in 1P:2S ratio.CONCLUSION: Vermicomposting could be used as an efficient technology to convert soybean husk into nutrient‐rich organic fertiliser if it was mixed with market‐rejected papaya in appropriate ratio. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrolysable tannins of tropical almond show antifibrotic effects in TGF‐β1‐induced hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Chuang Hsin‐Ying , Ng Lean‐Teik , Lin Liang‐Tzung , Chang Jung‐San , Chen Jen‐Yang , Lin Ta‐Chen , Lin Chun‐Ching 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Persistent activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC‐T6) has been known to cause liver fibrosis. In this study, our objective was to investigate the effects of chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid, two hydrolysable tannins of tropical almond (Terminalia chebula) fruits, on collagen synthesis and signal transduction in transforming growth factor‐β1‐stimulated HSC‐T6 cells. The expression of Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, collagen I(α1)/III, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) mRNAs was determined by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and their protein levels were assessed by western blotting.RESULTS: Results showed that chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid at 20 µmol L−1 exhibited cytotoxic and anti‐proliferative effects on HSC‐T6 cells. They also significantly decreased the expression of Smd2, Smad3 and Smad4, and the synthesis of collagen, procollagen I (α1) and III, as well as suppressing the activation of PAI‐1; these events consequently facilitated the resolution of fibrosis.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that both chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid possess antifibrotic activity, and their mechanism of action could be through the inhibition of the Smad pathway. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Aroma volatile compositions of high‐ and low‐aromatic guava varieties
Authors: Porat Ron , Tietel Zipora , Zippori Isaac , Dag Arnon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The traditional guava variety cultivated in Israel, ‘Ben Dov’, emits a very strong odour, whereas some newly bred varieties have a mild odour. In this study the aroma profile composition of the high‐aromatic ‘Ben Dov’ variety was compared with those of four new low‐aromatic varieties.RESULTS: Overall, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, a total of 30 aroma volatiles were detected in fresh ripe guava fruit: 15 of them were specifically detected only in the high‐aromatic ‘Ben Dov’ variety, 13 were detected in both the high‐ and low‐aromatic varieties and two were detected only in the new low‐aromatic varieties. Interestingly, 11 out of the 15 volatiles specifically detected in ‘Ben Dov’ were esters that contribute sweet, tropical and fruity notes. In contrast, ten out of 13 detected terpenes and two detected aldehydes, contributing green, spicy, herbal and woody notes, were common to both the high‐ and low‐aromatic varieties.CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, it is concluded that accumulation of esters is the main reason why the traditional ‘Ben Dov’ guava variety emits such a strong tropical fruity odour. In contrast, the newly bred low‐aromatic guava varieties did not synthesise esters at all and thus lacked fruity aromatic notes. Overall, the results of this study point out the important role of esters in forming tropical fruity guava odours. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous detection of Ponceat 4R and tartrazine in food using adsorptive stripping voltammetry on an acetylene black nanoparticle‐modified electrode
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Qin Haibin , Gao Miaomiao , Zhang Huajie 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ponceau 4R and tartrazine have been widely used in foodstuffs. However, they are pathogenic if they are excessively consumed. Therefore, the detection of Ponceat 4R and tartrazine is quite important.RESULTS: A sensitive and rapid electrochemical method was developed for the simultaneous detection of Ponceat 4R and tartrazine using anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry and based on the strong enhancement effect of acetylene black nanoparticle. For Ponceat 4R, the linear range was from 0.05 to 4 mg kg−1, and the limit of detection was 0.03 mg kg−1. For tartrazine, the linear range was from 0.15 to 18 mg kg−1, and the limit of detection was 0.1 mg kg−1. The relative standard deviation was 3.8% and 4.7% for 10 successive measurements of 1 mg kg−1 Ponceau 4R and tartrazine. The method was used to determine Ponceat 4R and tartrazine in soft drinks, and recovery was in the range of 92.4–104.8%.CONCLUSION: At the acetylene black nanoparticle‐modified electrode, the oxidation current signal of Ponceau 4R and tartrazine greatly increase. This new method is sensitive, rapid, simple and feasible. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Extruded aquafeeds containing distillers dried grains with solubles: effects on extrudate properties and processing behaviour
Authors: Mjoun Kamal , Rosentrater Kurt A 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The tremendous supply and low cost of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) make it an attractive feedstuff for aquaculture diets. Also, several studies have shown that DDGS can be successfully fed to various finfish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inclusion rate of DDGS (0, 250, 500 g kg−1), feed moisture content (350, 450 g kg−1) and die opening area (die A = 18.85 mm2, die B = 3988.45 mm2) on the properties of the extrudates and on processing behaviour using a single‐screw extruder.RESULTS: Increasing the inclusion rate of DDGS resulted in extrudates with lower unit density, bulk density, expansion ratio, water solubility index and brightness (Hunter L) but higher redness (Hunter a) and yellowness (Hunter b). The increase in moisture content affected the extrudate properties in different ways: it increased bulk density, Hunter L, Hunter b and mass flow rate, whereas specific mechanical energy decreased at high moisture content. Increasing the die opening area primarily decreased expansion ratio of extrudates, power consumption and barrel temperatures but increased mass flow rate.CONCLUSION: Extrudates from all treatments exhibited high durability and floatability, and less energy was required to produce extrudates when DDGS was used compared with soybean meal‐based diets. The aquaculture industry can use this information to develop high‐quality feeds at low cost. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous determination of cyadox and its metabolites in plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: He Limin , Liu Kaiyong , Su Yijuan , Zhang Jiahui , Liu Yahong , Zeng Zhenling , Fang Binghu , Zhang Guijun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCyadox is a novel antimicrobial growth‐promoter of the quinoxalines. For food safety and pharmacokinetic studies, a convenient, sensitive and reproducible LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of cyadox and its major metabolites, quinoxaline‐2‐carboxylic acid, 1,4‐bisdesoxycyadox, cyadox‐1‐monoxide and cyadox‐4‐monoxide in chicken plasma. Plasma sample was subjected to a simple deproteinisation with acetonitrile. Analysis was performed on a C18 column by detection with mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. A gradient elution program with 0.2% formic acid, methanol and acetonitrile was performed at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The decision limits (CCαs) of five analytes in plasma ranged from 1.0 to 4.0 μg/L, and the detection capabilities (CCβs) were <10 μg/L. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The extraction recoveries of five analytes were between 87.4 and 93.9% in plasma at the spiked levels of 5 (10)–200 μg/L with the relative standard deviations <10% for each analyte. The developed method demonstrated a satisfactory applicability in real plasma samples.