bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Function and Significance of the Ebers Calendar's Lone Feast-Hieroglyph (Gardiner Sign-List W3)
Authors: Depuydt Leo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Ebers calendar exhibits one sole instance of. This hieroglyph accompanies the name wp rnpt, presumably as a determinative, whereas the 11 other names in the same column conspicuously lack it. It is proposed that marks wp rnpt as the name of a lunar day whereas the 11 other names are the names of lunar months. This contrast between day and month is placed in the context of a comprehensive analysis of the entire Ebers calendar and of the original lunar calendar and its organic relation with the dominant civil calendar that the Ebers calendar is believed to portray.
Zur Reflexion Ptolemäischer Geschichte in Den Ägyptischen Tempeln Unter Ptolemaios IX. Philometor II./Soter II. Und Ptolemaios X. Alexander I. (116–80 V. Chr.)Teil 2: Kleopatra III. Und Kleopatra Berenike III. im Spiegel Der Tempelreliefs
Authors: Caßor-Pfeiffer Silke 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIm Verlauf der Ptolemäerzeit gewinnt die Königin zunehmend an Bedeutung. Bei der neben Ptolemaios IX. auf den Tempelreliefs und in den Tempelinschriften dargestellten Königin handelt es sich um seine Mutter und Mitregentin Kleopatra III. und nicht wie unter seinen Vorgängern um die Ehefrau. Sie lößt sich anhand ihrer Darstellungsweise und ihrer Titel identifizieren. Ptolemaios X. findet sich zunächst ebenfalls von seiner Mutter und Mitregentin Kleopatra III., nach ihrem Tod von seiner Gemahlin und Mitregentin Kleopatra Berenike III. begleitet. Kleopatra III. kommt ausweislich ihrer Darstellungsweisen und Titel sowohl in politischer als auch kultischer Hinsicht eine herausragende Stellung zu. Unter Kleopatra Berenike III. wird dies zwar wieder ein wenig zurückgenommen, doch scheint sich für die Königin in kultischer Hinsicht eine gewisse Eigenständigkeit etabliert zu haben.
Memories of the Nile: Egyptian Traumas and Communication Technologies in Jan Assmann's Theory of Cultural Memory
Authors: Winthrop-Young Geoffrey 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the 1990s, the Egyptologist Jan Assmann emerged as the most important contributor to German discussions of collective memory. This paper investigates, first, to what extent Assmann's theory of communicative and cultural memory is a generalization of his work on the “bi-materiality” of Egyptian culture, and second, how his controversial notion of the “Mosaic distinction” is linked to his work on the traumatic impact of Akhenaten's religious reforms.
Bocchoris the Lawgiver—or was He Really?
Authors: Markiewicz Tomasz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe author revises the Classical tradition on pharaoh Bocchoris (Wahkare Bakenranef of the XIVth dynasty) as the most accomplished Egyptian lawgiver. The evidence of Diodorus, on which this tradition mostly rests, is scrutinized and compared with Egyptian sources. It is argued that Egyptian legal documents do not confirm, and occasionally contradict, Diodorus' account, which should be thus treated with care. The author suggests that Bocchoris' codification may have never taken place and the tradition of his alleged accomplishments can be explained in terms of political propaganda of the early XXVIth dynasty rulers. This tradition was subsequently used by the Greeks to explain Solonic reform as borrowed from or inspired by “the wisdom of Egypt.”
Central Organisation, Tabarrokāt and Succession among the Early Cheshtis in India
Authors: Ahmad Zilli Ishtiaq 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe paper seeks to re-examine the thesis advanced by some eminent scholars that there was a well established tradition among the early Cheshtis to nominate one of their disciples as chief successor and pass on major part of their spiritual authority to him through the means of transferring the tabarrokāt to him that they had received from their masters. But the evidence available on the subject does not support the thesis. Similarly, there is no evidence that a central organisation with pan-Indian character or a well integrated system presided over by the chief successor, ever existed during the early history of the order (selsela).
Johannes Vermeer en de jezuïeten te Delft
Authors: Begheyn Paul 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article offers an addition and partial correction to the recent and pioneering research by John Michael Montias on Johannes Vermeer and his milieu. Isaac van der Mije (1602-1656) from Delft, educated as a painter before he became a Jesuit, may very well have been Vermeer's teacher, in view of his closeness to the artist and his family. There is no hard evidence that Vermeer became a Catholic at the occasion of his marriage to Catharina Bolnes in 1653, but it is known that Roeland de Pottere (1584-1675), the Jesuit who performed the marriage, was a rather strict opponent of mixed marriages. The Jesuits in Delft can be considered to have been the patrons who commissioned Vermeer's large painting Allegory of faith (about 1671-1674). Like Jesuits elsewhere in the Republic they will have selected a local painter for their catechetical didactic paintings. Finally two relatives of Vermeer are presented, who were benefactors of the Jesuits.
The West and Russia Reaction: No more diplomacy of lost opportunities
Authors: de Vos van Steenwijk Godert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDr Holm and Ambassador De Vos van Steenwijk discuss the state of affairs between the West and Russia. They argue that it is much worse and antagonistic than would have been necessary. They blame this largely on mistakes in American and European policies towards the Soviet Union/Russia, but disagree on the causes and motivations of those policies. Holm and De Vos van Steenwijk offer thoughts on how matters could be rectified or at least improved.
Chechnya and the European Court of Human Rights: The merits of Strategic Litigation
Authors: Solvang Ole 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn May 1998, eighteen months before the start of the second war in Chechnya, Russia ratified the European Convention on Human Rights, thereby granting the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) jurisdiction to hear complaints against the Russian authorities from Russian citizens. When the second war in Chechnya started in December 1999, therefore, human rights organizations had access to a new potentially powerful tool with which to fight human rights abuses in Chechnya: the European Court of Human Rights. Several litigation projects emerged and hundreds of complaints have been filed from Chechnya. Ten years after the ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights, the record shows that bringing cases to the ECHR has produced concrete positive results, but that the full potential of ECHR litigation is still to be realized.
The challenges and opportunities awaiting Kazakhstan in 2010
Authors: Salber Herbert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn November 2007, the OSCE's participating States agreed on future Chairmanships of the Organization through 2011. The 2010 Chairmanship will be held by Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan's Chairmanship is unique as it is the first country from Central Asia, indeed the Commonwealth of Independent States to chair the OSCE. Yet, the challenges the country will face will be the same as for all Chairmanships, namely to seek consensus on the issues of the day in an evolving Eurasian-Atlantic security environment. Kazakhstan will also have the opportunity to draw on its unique experience and perspective while contributing to the political dialogue of the OSCE's participating States. At the same time, the country will have the opportunity to demonstrate its leadership by engaging in domestic reforms.
NATO and Central Asia: Security, interests and values in a strategic region
Authors: Vinnikov Alexander 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe author provides an analytical overview of NATO's relations with, and policies towards, its Central Asian Partners. Since 11 September 2001, pursuing deeper engagement with Central Asian governments responds to the — at times conflicting — requirements of realpolitik and of advancing core values upon which the Alliance was founded sixty years ago, and which are also enshrined in its Partnership for Peace (PfP). In analysing this tension between pragmatism and idealism, the article focuses on five main aspects. The author concludes that NATO's approach towards Central Asia reflects an ever-present/inherent tension between pursuing security imperatives, underlying interests and core values. The result is a complex and somewhat uneasy policy, which seeks to reconcile these at times contradictory elements. Hence the Alliance has pursued enhanced engagement with Central Asian Partners in the belief that through daily cooperation in key areas of NATO and/or common interest, some core democratic values would eventually be incorporated into Partners' approach towards security, the role of the military, and international co-operation, thus benefiting the long term process of democratisation.
The European Union, Kazakhstan and the 2010 OSCE Chairmanship
Authors: Melvin Neil 
Published: March 2011

AbstractKazakhstan's OSCE Chairmanship in 2010 represents a considerable opportunity for the Organisation. While Kazakhstan's Chairmanship cannot 'save' the OSCE from its current problems, it could help set a new direction for the Organisation and inject a degree of movement at time of growing paralysis. This will be a tall order which Kazakhstan alone will be unable to achieve. To make the most of opportunity presented in 2010, the countries of the European Union need to work closely with Astana to prepare the country for the Chairmanship and also to help to develop ways forward for the organisation. Relations between Astana and Brussels are built on a shared interest in diversifying energy export routes from Kazakhstan, growing business ties, a common caution about the role of Russia in Eurasia and on Kazakhstan's commitment to promoting European forms of development in the country. The EU should place the 2010 Chairmanship within the context of this growing relationship, linking Kazakhstan's domestic and international initiatives of the year to the longer term ambition of the country to build a deeper relationship to Europe as a means to achieve a European form of modernisation.
The European Commission and post-conflict rehabilitation in Georgia — lessons learned
Authors: van Ruiten Maria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe article gives an overview of the European Commission's post-conflict economic rehabilitation programmes in Georgia. It describes the different economic reconstruction projects in Abkhazia and South Ossetia and their successes and setbacks in the period of 1998 to 2008 and analyses lessons learned of the EC's post-conflict assistance programmes from the perspective of conflict transformation in Georgia.
The ethical challenges of implementing counterterrorism measures and the role of the OSCE
Authors: Westervelt Steven , van Ginkel Bibi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe United Nations established a counterterrorism mechanism in the form of the Counterterrorism Committee when it adopted Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001). The Committee has so far worked with regional organizations and individual states in capacity building efforts to augment local counterterrorism abilities. However, ethical bottlenecks remain. The problem of ethics arises when laws lack legitimacy regarding criminality and state power and when they diverge from the rule of law and good governance. Regional organizations are keenly placed to ensure that states adopt legitimate counterterrorism measures, thus avoiding ethical bottlenecks. By working with states to maintain the moral high ground, regional organizations such as the OSCE can prevent unnecessary compromises between human rights and security.
A human rights based approach to trafficking in human beings
Authors: Rijken Conny 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA human rights based approach to trafficking in human beings (THB) is often fostered but not applied in practice. Based on the human rights legal framework the state obligations are identified. These obligations, to criminalize THB, to prosecute THB, to protect and assist victims and to address the root causes, are not addressed in an equal way since the main focus of counter trafficking measures focus on the criminalisation and the prosecution. To also address the assistance and protection of victims and the root causes of THB additional measures are required. It is proposed to make the needs of THB-victims leading instead of criminal law interests, and to develop a Victim Assistance and Protection Package (VAPP). The root causes of THB emerge both on the supply side and the demand side. Suggestions are made to improve the situation on both sides with the ultimate aim to prevent THB.
Lost in implementation? Human rights rhetoric and violations — a critical review of current European anti-trafficking policies
Authors: Uhl Bärbel Heide 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHuman rights rhetoric is a predominant approach in European anti-trafficking policies. Human rights activists, however, criticize measures designed to combat trafficking in human beings as being inherent harmful and a violation of human rights. The article examines the historical foundations and rationale of the anti-trafficking framework and focuses on two central concepts that pose a challenge to the overall understanding of trafficking due to the lack of international legal definitions, namely the concept of 'exploitation' and 'trafficked person'. The author argues that a clarification of these concepts should be worked upon and consequently the culture and politics of the external identification of trafficked persons should be transformed into securing the agency of (migrant) workers.
The Development of the Responsibility to Protect – From Evolving Norm to Practice
Authors: Knight W. Andy 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWhy does the genocidal mentality persist? Is there hope that humankind can curb or end the shocking mass atrocities that have plagued our globe over the last century and during the beginning of this century? These questions are addressed in this essay through an examination of the evolution of the normative narrative that resulted in the eventual emergence of the concept of 'responsibility to protect' (R2P or RtoP). The evolution of this narrative includes the genocide convention, the promulgation and promotion of universal human rights, the recognition that war crimes and other crimes against humanity are the gravest of all crimes and ought to be punished, the utilisation of humanitarian intervention as a means of curbing egregious mass atrocities, the imposition of punitive and smart sanctions to stem genocidal practices, the codification of international criminal law, enforcement measures through Chapter VII of the UN Charter, the introduction of ad hoc criminal tribunals and the establishment of a permanent international criminal court through the Rome Statute to punish individuals who commitment core crimes, the advocacy of norm entrepreneurs, and the conceptual work of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) that eventually led to the embrace of the R2P norm by the international community. rough that evolving narrative the level of consciousness of people and their state leaders has been raised in regards to the need to see and treat all people on our planet – regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, or social standing – with human dignity, and to focus on 'putting people first' when it comes to security. It is argued in this essay that R2P builds upon the foundation of this narrative a new normative architecture designed to address the most egregious of crimes (core crimes) committed against innocent people. Despite efforts to derail its implementation, the R2P norm may eventually turn words into deeds, and promise into practice if it is allowed to become more robust.
Systematics of Cyclanthura gen. n., a new genus of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Franz Nico 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCyclanthura, gen. n., is described to accommodate the following 15 new Neotropical species of Derelomini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae): C. laticola, sp. n.; C. sphaerata, sp. n.; C. cordata, sp. n.; C. dentata, sp. n.; C. pilosa, sp. n.; C. capitulata, sp. n.; C. tenuicola, sp. n.; C. carinata, sp. n.; C. uncinata, sp. n.; C. oculata, sp. n.; C. cultrata, sp. n.; C. striata, sp. n.; C. bipartita, sp. n.; C. crepidula, sp. n.; and C. palmata, sp. n. The monophyly of Cyclanthura is indicated by the putatively synapomorphic elytral elevations and impressions, the posteriorly explanate female tergum VIII, and the posteriorly emarginate female tergum IX. These and various other characteristics - e.g.transformations in the apical region of the male median lobe - distinguish Cyclanthura from Phyllotrox Schönherr to which its species would have been assigned until now. Particular species of Cyclanthura are considered to pollinate and reproduce on the inflorescences of Araceae (Anthurium) and Cyclanthaceae (Asplundia, Carludovica, Sphaeradenia, and Cyclanthus). Several significant host plant transitions appear to have evolved within the genus. These patterns are discussed in the light of a phylogeny of the species of Cyclanthura which is based on an analysis of 22 taxa and 32 characters.
Towards a phylogeny of Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Is morphology alone sufficient to reconstruct the genealogical relationship?
Authors: Ekrem Torbjørn 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA phylogenetic analysis of species potentially belonging to the Tanytarsus eminulus, gregarius, mendax and lugens species groups is performed using morphological characters from the adult male, pupa and larva. The results show that morphological characters do not support the postulated monophyly of the eminulus, gregarius, lugens and mendax group combined in unweighted parsimony analyses, and that a constraint based on unique synapomorphies and evidence from molecular data have to be used in order to produce cladograms with reasonable topologies. Four reasons for this are discussed: Few taxa, few characters, choice of secondary outgroup taxa and a high amount of homoplasy in the data set. A hierarchial analysis procedure is used to avoid the numerous question marks in the complete data matrix. In the preferred tree, the traditional species groups within Tanytarsus are kept, and one new species group, the mcmillani group, comprising only old Gondwanan species is erected. The results are compared to other recent studies on chironomid species relationships, and comments are given to the zoogeographical patterns of the species in the eminulus, gregarius, lugens, mcmillani and mendax species groups.
A new exceptional Meligethes of the M. aeneus species-group from Western Alps and an updated key to identification of M. aeneus and allied species (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Meligethinae)
Authors:   De Biase,   Antonini,   Audisio
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new Meligethes from Italian Maritime Alps (Piedmont, Cuneo province), member of the M. aeneus species-group, is described as M. salvan sp. n. The new taxon, despite sharing a few important morphological features with members of the M. aeneus species-complex, is very distinct due to a peculiar combination of characters. The systematic position of Meligethes salvan sp. n. is rather problematic, this new species probably representing a true “palaeoendemic relict” of Tertiary origin, as a few other well-known isolated species of different taxonomic groups, endemic to the crystalline Ercinian massifs of the SW Maritime Alps. The new synonymy Meligethes asperrimus Guillebeau, 1897 = Meligethes flavimanus Stephens, 1830 is introduced, while Meligethes gracilis C. Brisout de Barneville, 1863, recently erroneously synonymyzed with M. aeneus (Fabricius, 1775) by a Russian author, is resurrected at a specific rank. A provisional key to the identification of Meligethes aeneus and allied Holarctic species is finally presented.
The Patagonian species of the subgenus Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with a key to the New World species
Authors: Marino Pablo , Spinelli Gustavo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe following three new species of Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) from southern Argentina and Chile are described and illustrated: F. mapuche and F. morenoi from northwestern Patagonia, and F. darwini from Deceit island in the Cape Horn. The previously known, spotted-wing species F. maculosa Ingram & Macfie is placed in the subgenus Metaforcipomyia, and notes on its type are provided. Forcipomyia galliarii Marino & Spinelli is excluded from the subgenus Metaforcipomyia and is considered to belong to the subgenus Euprojoannisia Brèthes. A key to females and males of the seven New World species of the subgenus is included. Se describen e ilustran las siguientes tres especies nuevas de Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) del sur de la Argentina y Chile: F. mapuche y F. morenoi del noroeste de la Patagonia, y F. darwini de la isla Deceit en el Cabo de Hornos. Se incluye en el subgénero Metaforcipomyia a F. maculosa Ingram & Macfie, y se ofrecen notas obtenidas a partir del estudio del tipo. Se excluye del subgénero Metaforcipomyia a Forcipomyia galliarii Marino & Spinelli, y es considerado como perteneciente al subgénero Euprojoannisia Brèthes. Se incluye una clave para hembras y machos de las siete especies del subgénero que habitan el Nuevo Mundo.
Editorial commentary: Publishing in systematic entomology - present and future
Authors: Andersen Nils Møller 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSystematic revisions are the landmarks of biodiversity research, each organizing all available information on a particular group of organisms and setting a new standard of reference for future work. Most revisions are published as monographs or articles in peer-reviewed journals like Insect Systematics and Evolution. There is little need for a “unitary taxonomy” for every group of organisms, centrally organized on the World Wide Web (= Internet). Nor are there any need for an entirely DNA-based taxonomy as recently proposed. Internet publishing will undoubtedly move forward in the future, but Internet journals should be organized in the same manner as printed journals. Current initiatives in gathering biodiversity information on the Internet require the assistance of practising taxonomists. In return, we must request increased funding of basic work in systematics, including training of the new generations.
Comparison between molecular and morphological-based phylogenies of galerucine/alticine leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Kjer Karl , Kim Sung Jin , Duckett Catherine 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhylogenies of representative genera based on 3 molecular markers are presented. These data are combined with previously published morphological data (Lingafelter & Konstantinov 2000). The results of separate 28S-D2 rRNA, combined analysis of molecular data and molecular data combined with morphological characters for 27 genera indicate monophyly of Galerucinae s.s. and paraphyly of Flea Beetles. These results also mean that our molecular data do not support the Flea Beetles as a tribal ranking (Alticini) within the Galerucinae, nor is it's status as a separate subfamily (Alticinae) as has been proposed by other researchers. We suggest that addition of more independent characters is still needed to resolve the question of the relationships between the Flea Beetles and the galerucines.