bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrow linewidth tunable external cavity diode laser using wide bandwidth filter
Authors: Thompson Daniel J. , Scholten Robert E. 
Published: February 2012

We demonstrate single mode operation of an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) employing an interference filter with multimode bandwidth for mode selection. A cateye reflector maximizes feedback efficiency and reduces susceptibility to intra-cavity optical misalignment. Narrow linewidths of 26 kHz are observed, and the laser can be tuned over 14 nm using a single 785 nm filter, without alteration of the output beam direction. The cateye reflector and filter allow a mechanically rigid design free of significant mechanical resonances, illustrated by comparison of the frequency noise spectrum with that of a common Littrow ECDL design using a diffraction grating and kinematic mount.
Near-Infrared Properties of Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Phillips M. M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe photometric properties of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the near-infrared as garnered from observations made over the last 30 years are reviewed. During this period, light curves for more than 120 nearby SNe Ia have been published, revealing considerable homogeneity but also some fascinating differences. These data have confirmed that, for all but the fastest declining objects, SNe Ia are essentially perfect standard candles in the near-infrared, displaying only a slight dependence of peak luminosity on decline rate and color.
Matrix and quantum confinement effects on optical and thermal properties of Ge quantum dots
Authors: Chang J E , Liao P H , Chien C Y , Hsu J C , Hung M T , Chang H T , Lee S W , Chen W Y , Hsu T M , George Tom , Li P W 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The influence of SiO2 and Si3N4 dielectric matrices on the structural, phonon, luminescence and thermal properties of Ge quantum dots (QDs) has been experimentally investigated. Compared with the case of QDs in SiO2 layers, Si3N4 matrix imposes large interfacial surface energy on QDs and enhances their Ostwald ripening rate, appearing to be conducive for an improvement in crystallinity and a morphology change to a more perfectly spherical shape of Ge QDs. Quantum confinement induced electronic structure modulation for Ge QDs is observed to be strongly influenced not only by the QD size but also by the embedded matrix. Both matrix and surface effects offer additional mechanisms to QD itself for controlling the optical and thermal properties of the QDs.
Synthesis, structure and electric properties of Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 ternary ceramics
Authors: He Chao , Wang Zujian , Li Xiuzhi , Liu Ying , Shen Dongquan , Li Tao , Long Xifa 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The ternary ceramics of Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PYMNT) solid solution system is prepared by a two-step synthetic process. Its structure and electrical properties are studied. All the obtained ceramics have pure perovskite structure. It is noted that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the PYMNT ternary system is not a linear region which is between the MPB compositions of PMNT and PYNT binary systems. The Curie temperature T
C of the ternary system varies in the range 165–370 °C and the piezoelectric coefficient d
33 varies in the range 335–505 pC N−1. With increasing PYNT content, the dielectric constants ε′ decrease and the coercive field E
c increases. Therefore, the electric properties and T
C can be adjusted by selection of composition. The results show that the PYMNT ceramic exhibits higher Curie temperature, larger coercive field and good piezoelectric properties, making it a promising material for high-power electromechanical transducers that can operate in a large temperature range.
Macroscopic effects of tunnelling barriers in aggregates of carbon nanotube bundles
Authors: Salvato M , Cirillo M , Lucci M , Orlanducci S , Ottaviani I , Terranova M L , Toschi F 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We report on experiments conducted on single-walled carbon nanotube bundles aligned in chains and connected through a natural contact barrier. The dependence upon the temperature of the transport properties is investigated for samples having different characteristics. Starting from two bundles separated by one barrier deposited over four-contact probes, we extend the study of the transport properties to samples formed by chains of several bundles. The systematic analysis of the properties of these aggregates shows the existence of two conduction regimes in the barrier. We show that an electrical circuit taking into account serial and parallel combinations of voltages generated at the junctions between bundles can model the samples consistently.
Computing the table of marks of a cyclic extension
Authors: Naughton L. , Pfeiffer G. 
Published: February 2012

The subgroup pattern of a finite group

G
G

is the table of marks of

G
G

together with a list of representatives of the conjugacy classes of subgroups of

G
G

. In this article we present an algorithm for the computation of the subgroup pattern of a cyclic extension of

G
G

from the subgroup pattern of

G
G

. Repeated application of this algorithm yields an algorithm for the computation of the table of marks of a solvable group

G
G

, along a composition series of

G
G

.
The relative importance of shallow and deep shelf spawning habitats for the South African chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii)
Authors: Roberts Michael J. , Downey Nicola J. , Sauer Warwick H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRoberts, M. J., Downey, N. J., and Sauer, W. H. 2012. The relative importance of shallow and deep shelf spawning habitats for the South African chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 563–571. It is well known that the spawning grounds of chokka squid Loligo reynaudii lie along the shallow inshore regions of South Africa's south coast. However, egg masses have been found in deeper water on the Agulhas Bank, and hydroacoustic targets deemed to be large aggregations of spawning squid have been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent, depth range, and importance of deep spawning. Trawl data collected during demersal research surveys between Port Nolloth on the west and Port Alfred on the south coast were examined for egg capsules. No spawning was found on the west coast. Data showed that chokka squid preferred the eastern Agulhas Bank for spawning. Spawning occurred not only inshore but also on the mid-shelf extending to depths of 270 m near the shelf edge. Squid egg biomass markedly decreased beyond 70 m, suggesting delineation between the inshore and offshore spawning grounds. Total egg biomass calculations for depths shallower and deeper than 70 m indicated the coastal area to be strongly favoured, i.e. 82 vs. 18%. These results contest the commonly accepted notion that L. reynaudii is an inshore spawner and redefine the spawning grounds to extend across the shelf.
Atlantic water in the Faroe area: sources and variability
Authors: Larsen Karin Margretha H. , Hátún Hjálmar , Hansen Bogi , Kristiansen Regin 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Larsen, K. M. H., Hátún, H., Hansen, B., and Kristiansen, R. 2012. Atlantic water in the Faroe area: sources and variability. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 802–808. The inflow of Atlantic water (AW) across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge and into the Nordic Seas controls both physical and biological conditions in the northeastern Atlantic through its transport of heat, salt, and other properties. The two main branches of this flow pass through the Iceland–Faroe Gap and the Faroe–Shetland Channel, respectively. Regular monitoring along four standard sections crossing these flows provides time-series of the AW temperature and salinity variability since the late 1980s. The analysis of these series presented shows a persistent increasing trend in both temperature and salinity, modulated by smaller subdecadal oscillations. Using supplementary data sources, the previously established link between the large-scale circulation in the North Atlantic and Atlantic inflow properties is supported. Salinity is also impacted by large changes in the Bay of Biscay source waters, and upstream air–sea heat fluxes modulate temperature. Relationships between changes in transport and associated residence time, and the modifying strength of the air–sea interaction and mixing, are also discussed.
The State of the Economy: Neo-logicism and Inflation
Authors: Cook Rov T. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this paper I examine the prospects for a successful neo–logicist reconstruction of the real numbers, focusing on Bob Hale's use of a cut-abstraction principle. There is a serious problem plaguing Hale's project. Natural generalizations of this principle imply that there are far more objects than one would expect from a position that stresses its epistemological conservativeness. In other words, the sort of abstraction needed to obtain a theory of the reals is rampantly inflationary. I also indicate briefly why this problem is likely to reappear in any neo–logicist reconstruction of real analysis.
Choice Principles and Constructive Logics
Authors: DEVIDI DAVID 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
That choice principles ‘change the logic’ when added to constructive systems is significant for contemporary metaphysics. However, many are surprised by these results, having learned that the Axiom of Choice (AC) is constructively valid. Indeed, even among specialists there were, until recently, reasons for puzzlement-rival versions of Intuitionistic Type Theory, one where (AC) is valid, another where it implies classical logic. This paper accessibly explains the situation, puts the issues in a broader setting by considering other choice principles, and draws philosophical morals for the understanding of quantification, choice principles, and the prospects for constructivism.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Manifesting After Surgical Treatment for Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Levin David N. , Marcon Margaret A. , Rintala Risto J. , Jacobson Dustin , Langer Jacob C. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTEight children developed chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 4 to 21 years after surgery for Hirschsprung disease. Three had trisomy 21 and 6 experienced chronic or recurrent enterocolitis. Four had a family history of IBD. Clinical presentation included chronic diarrhea, hematochezia, abscess, and fistula formation. Three required surgery for fistula, stricture, and small bowel obstruction and the other 5 were managed medically. Recognition of this condition may be important in the long‐term follow‐up of children with Hirschsprung disease, and patients who have carried a diagnosis of chronic enterocolitis may warrant further investigation looking for evidence of IBD.
Incidence of Peptic Ulcer Bleeding in the US Pediatric Population
Authors: Brown Kurt , Lundborg Per , Levinson Jeremy , Yang Huiying 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) in pediatric patients.Methods:A hospital inpatient database, Premier Perspective, and an insurance claims database, MarketScan, were analyzed to estimate upper and lower limits for the annual incidence of PUB in the US pediatric population.Results:Using data from the Premier Perspective database and database‐specific projection methodology, the total number of cases of hospitalization of pediatric patients for PUB in the United States in 2008 was estimated to be between 378 and 652. This translated to an incidence of 0.5 to 0.9/100,000 individuals in the pediatric population. Using data from the MarketScan database, the incidence of PUB in the insured pediatric population was estimated to be 4.4/100,000 individuals. Overall, 17.4% of insured pediatric patients diagnosed as having any upper gastrointestinal ulcer in 2008 were reported to have developed PUB.Conclusions:The estimated incidence of PUB in the US pediatric population in 2008 ranged from 0.5 to 4.4/100,000 individuals. The total number of cases of PUB in pediatric patients in the United States each year was thus estimated to be between 378 and 3250. Such estimates provide a likely lower and upper limit for the total number of cases of the condition annually.
Combined phylogenetic analyses reveal interfamilial relationships and patterns of floral evolution in the eudicot order Fabales
Authors: Bello M. Angélica , Rudall Paula J. , Hawkins Julie A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRelationships between the four families placed in the angiosperm order Fabales (Leguminosae, Polygalaceae, Quillajaceae, Surianaceae) were hitherto poorly resolved. We combine published molecular data for the chloroplast regions matK and rbcL with 66 morphological characters surveyed for 73 ingroup and two outgroup species, and use Parsimony and Bayesian approaches to explore matrices with different missing data. All combined analyses using Parsimony recovered the topology Polygalaceae (Leguminosae (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae)). Bayesian analyses with matched morphological and molecular sampling recover the same topology, but analyses based on other data recover a different Bayesian topology: ((Polygalaceae + Leguminosae) (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae)). We explore the evolution of floral characters in the context of the more consistent topology: Polygalaceae (Leguminosae (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae)). This reveals synapomorphies for (Leguminosae (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae)) as the presence of free filaments and marginal/ventral placentation, for (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae) as pentamery and apocarpy, and for Leguminosae the presence of an abaxial median sepal and unicarpellate gynoecium. An octamerous androecium is synapomorphic for Polygalaceae. The development of papilionate flowers, and the evolutionary context in which these phenotypes appeared in Leguminosae and Polygalaceae, shows that the morphologies are convergent rather than synapomorphic within Fabales.
Microsatellite DNA markers indicate three genetic lineages in East Asian indigenous goat populations
Authors: Nomura K. , Ishii K. , Dadi H. , Takahashi Y. , Minezawa M. , Cho C. Y. , Sutopo  , Faruque M. O. , Nyamsamba D. , Amano T. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of 18 indigenous goat populations from seven East Asian countries were analysed based on data obtained from 26 microsatellite DNA markers. The mean number of alleles (MNA) per population ranged from 2.5 to 7.6, with an average of 5.8. Genetic variability estimated from MNA and heterozygosity (HE and HO) were relatively low in coastal and island populations. A heterozygous deficiency within populations (FIS = 0.054, P < 0.001) and total inbreeding (FIT = 0.181, P < 0.01) were observed, and genetic differentiation in the populations (FST) was 13.4%. The results of Bayesian model‐based clustering and a neighbour‐joining tree based on Nei's genetic distance showed that Asian goat populations could be subdivided into at least the following three genetic clusters: East Asian, Southeast Asian and Mongolian. These results are in close accordance with conventional morphological and geographical classifications and migration history.
Peripheral blood lymphocyte/monocyte ratio at diagnosis and survival in nodular lymphocyte‐predominantHodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Porrata Luis F. , Ristow Kay , Habermann Thomas M. , Witzig Thomas E. , Colgan Joseph P. , Inwards David J. , Ansell Stephen M. , Micallef Ivana N. , Johnston Patrick B. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Thompson Carrie , Markovic Svetomir N. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe pathological background in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) consists of lymphocytes and histocytes. This study analysed the peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count/absolute monocyte count ratio at diagnosis (ALC/AMC‐DX) on the impact of survival inNLPHL. One hundred and three consecutiveNLPHLpatients that were followed atMayoClinic from 1974 to 2010 were included in the study. Receiver operating characteristic and area under the curve were used forALC/AMC‐DXcut‐off value analysis and proportional‐hazards models were used to compare survival based on theALC/AMC‐DXratio. With a median follow‐up of 8·9 years (range: 0·3–31 years), anALC/AMC‐DX≥2·1 was the best cut‐off value for survival with an area under the curve of 0·82, a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 84%. After adjusting for theInternationalPrognosticScore (IPS),ALC/AMC‐DXremained an independent prognostic factor for overall survival [HazardRatio (HR), 0·33, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0·15–0·71%,P < 0·004]; lymphoma‐specific survival (HR, 0·05; 95%CI, 0·01–0·68%,P < 0·002); progression‐free survival (HR, 0·30; 95%CI, 0·14–0·60%,P < 0·006), and time to progression (HR, 0·06, 95%CI, 0·04–0·30%,P < 0·004).ALC/AMC‐DXis a low cost, already standarized, biomarker to predict clinical outcomes inNLPHL.
PAI‐1, progress in understanding the clinical problem and its aetiology
Authors: Iwaki Takayuki , Urano Tetsumei , Umemura Kazuo 
Published: February 2012

SummaryPlasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1, also known as SERPINE1) is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily and is the primary physiological regulator of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) activity. Although the principal function of PAI‐1 is the inhibition of fibrinolysis, PAI‐1 possesses pleiotropic functions besides haemostasis. In the quarter century since its discovery, a number of studies have focused on improving our understanding of PAI‐1 functions in vivo and in vitro. The use of Serpine1‐deficient mice has particularly enhanced our understanding of the functions of PAI‐1 in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, the results of recent studies on PAI‐1 and its role in clinical conditions are discussed.
Effects of experimental osteoporosis and low calcium intake on postextraction sockets of rats
Authors: d. Prado Renata F. , Silveira Vanessa Á. S. , d. Rocha Rosilene F. , d. Vasconcellos Luana M. R. , Carvalho Yasmin R. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThis study analysed the initial effects of the combination of oestrogen deficiency with a calcium‐deficient diet on alveolar bone repair. Sixty‐three 3‐month‐old female rats were either ovariectomized (OVX, n = 42) or sham‐operated (SHAM, n = 21). Among the 42 ovariectomized rats, 21 received standard commercial food (OVX) and 21 received food with low calcium content (ESP). The mandibular first molars were extracted bilaterally 15 days after ovariectomy or sham surgery. The rats were weighed and killed at 7, 21 and 45 days after tooth extraction. The results were evaluated by descriptive microscopic analysis, histomorphometry of the trabecular and osteoid volume and mast cell counts. Analysis of the results indicated that trabecular volume and mast cell counts increased significantly over time, while osteoid volume decreased over time. Comparisons between the SHAM and OVX groups demonstrated no statistical differences, while comparison between the OVX and ESP groups indicated differences in trabecular volume and the number of mast cells. The data suggest that hormonal deficiency does not delay alveolar bone repair in OVX rats; however, oestrogen deficiency associated with calcium deficiency can lead to bone resorption through the activation of mast cells.
The pyrodiversity–biodiversity hypothesis: a test with savanna termite assemblages
Authors: Davies Andrew B. , Eggleton Paul , van Rensburg Berndt J. , Parr Catherine L. 
Published: February 2012

Summary1. Fire is an important disturbance in African savannas where it is generally assumed that high levels of pyrodiversity (variation in aspects of the fire regime) are necessary to maintain high levels of biodiversity. There is, however, little empirical evidence in support of this hypothesis for animals. Furthermore, the relationship between pyrodiversity and biodiversity may vary with different savanna types, shaped by mean annual precipitation.2. We made use of a long‐term burning experiment to investigate the effect of interactions between precipitation and pyrodiversity on biodiversity. We sampled termites (major ecosystem engineers in savannas) within experimental plots involving a range of fire seasons and frequencies. Sampling was conducted in three distinct savanna types along a rainfall gradient in South Africa. We explored how termite diversity varied with mean annual precipitation and whether faunal responses to fire regimes varied with rainfall. Termites were sampled comprehensively during the wet season using cellulose baits and active searching in order to sample a variety of functional groups.3. Assemblages differed significantly across savanna types with higher levels of diversity in the wetter site using the active searching method. Diversity was lowest at the most arid site but certain feeding groups (FGs) peaked in the savanna with intermediate rainfall. Differences between these savannas are attributed to broad underlying changes in net primary productivity and temperature, with mammalian herbivores thought to generate a peak in diversity of some faunal groups at the intermediate savanna through their role in facilitating nutrient cycling.4. Overall, termites were highly resistant to fire in all savanna types with little difference between fire regimes (season and frequency), but assemblage composition and some FGs were affected by burning. Differences between fire regimes were more pronounced with increasing rainfall. These differences are likely to be linked to changes in vegetation structure caused by fire, which are more significant in wet savannas.5. Synthesis and applications. Our findings, along with those for other insect taxa, indicate limited support for the pyrodiversity–biodiversity hypothesis; this suggests that, at least for invertebrates, management regimes can be flexible, although more caution is advisable in wetter savannas.