bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkyl methylphosphonic acids, the degradation products of organophosphorous CWA — preparation and direct quantitative GC-FID analysis
Authors: Połeć Iwona , Kiełczewska Anna , Konopski Leszek , Oleksa Grażyna , Krukowska Hanna , Legocki Jan 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Seven alkyl methylphosphonic acids, products of hydrolytic degradation of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents, were obtained with a high purity (mostly above 98%), with the aim of being applyed as future certified reference materials. Ethyl (EMPA), isopropyl (IMPA), pinacolyl (PMPA), butyl (BUMPA), isobutyl (IBUMPA), cyclohexyl (CHMPA) and 2-ethylhexyl (EHMPA) monoesters of MPA were synthesized and characterized by MS EI, FTIR and NMR (1H, 13C, 31P), TLC, as well as GC and GC-MS after derivatization. The conditions for a direct quantitative GC FID analysis on CP-FFAP CB column of non-derivatized alkyl methylphosphonic acids were developed. This is the first successful attempt of a directed GC analysis of free alkyl phosphonic acids. Their chemical purity was determined and limit of quantification (LOQ) values for some of them were evaluated for the GC-FID method.
Kinetic and spectroscopic investigations of aqueous micelles of cationic surfactants
Authors: Luchetti Luciana 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The aqueous micellar solutions of monocationic surfactants N-hexadecyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide (CTABr), N-hexadecyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium nitrate (CTANO3), N,N,N-tributyl-N-hexadecylammonium bromide (CTBABr) and gemini surfactants 1,4-bis(N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium)ethane dibromide (C-E-C2Br), 1,4-bis(N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium)propane dibromide (C-P-C2Br), and 1,4-bis(N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium)butane dibromide (C-B-C2Br) were studied with a solvatochromic probe, 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium-1-yl)phenolate, better known as Reichard’s ET-30 dye. The local polarity at the probe site (ET) was calculated from the wavelength maximum of the lowest-energy intramolecular charge-transfer ϖ-ϖ* absorption band of ET-30. The results were compared with a kinetic investigation of the cyclization of 2-(3-bromopropyloxy)phenoxide (PhBr7) in micelles; this reaction is a model for SN2 reactions and it depends on medium polarity.
Removal of hazardous pharmaceutical from water by photocatalytic treatment
Authors: Choina J. , Duwensee H. , Flechsig G. , Kosslick H. , Morawski A. , Tuan V. , Schulz A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The photocatalytic abatement of hazardous pharmaceuticals has been investigated at very low concentration in the ppb range as found in wastewater and in environmental pollutants. Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline as a model compound with titania catalysts has been studied using solarium UV-A and black light with differentially applied electric power, tetracycline and catalyst concentration. Abatement of up to 90% has been achieved after 1 hour. Adsorption of tetracycline and photochemical degradation contribute significantly to the abatement of tetracycline resulting in an immediate reduction during the initial period of treatment. Contribution of adsorption is high at very low concentration (500 ppb). Photocatalytic treatment with titania is even highly efficient in the abatement of very small concentrations of tetracycline in drinking water.
Differential pulse voltammetry in analysis of disinfectants — 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, triclosan, chloramine-T
Authors: Baranowska Irena , Bijak Katarzyna 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the possibility of simultaneous voltammetric determination of some disinfectants used as components in cosmetic products. The examined compounds were: triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol), chloramine-T (N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt), 4-chloro-3-methylphenol and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Measurements were performed using glassy carbon electrode immersed in Britton-Robinson buffers which acted as supporting electrolytes. The dependence of oxidation and reduction potentials on pH was examined using cyclic voltammetry. Britton-Robinson buffer of pH 9.9 was chosen for further studies to ensure the best separation of compounds. The resultant oxidation potentials indicate the possibility to simultaneously determine some of the disinfectants.. Oxidation reactions of mixtures containing two compounds (4-chloro-3-methylphenol and chloramine-T, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and triclosan) were recorded as differential pulse voltammograms.
pH impact on the sol-gel preparation of calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, using a novel complexing agent, DCTA
Authors: Bogdanoviciene Irma , Tőnsuaadu Kaia , Mikli Valdek , Grigoraviciute-Puroniene Inga , Beganskiene Aldona , Kareiva Aivaras 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Aqueous sol-gel chemistry routes — based on ammonium hydrogen phosphate as the phosphorus precursor, calcium acetate monohydrate as the source of calcium ions, and 1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetraacetic acid monohydrate (DCTA) as the complexing agent — have been used to prepare calcium hydroxyapatite (HA). The sol-gel process was performed in aqueous solution at different pH values followed by calcination of the dry precursor gels for 5 h at 1000°C. Phase transformations, composition, and structural changes in the polycrystalline samples were studied by thermoanalytical methods (TG/DTA), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that pH adjustment has significant impact on the apatite formation process and on the morphology and phase purity of the ceramic samples.
Simplex-valued probability
Authors: Frič Roman 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We continue our study of generalized probability from the viewpoint of category theory. Assuming that each generalized probability measure is a morphism, we model basic probabilistic notions within the category cogenerated by its range. It is known that the closed unit interval I = [0, 1], carrying a suitable difference structure, cogenerates the category ID in which the classical and fuzzy probability theories can be modeled. We study generalized probability theories modeled within two different categories cogenerated by a simplex S
n = {(x
1, x
2, …, x
n) ∈ I
n: $$
\mathop \sum \limits_{i = 1}^n
$$
x
i ≤ 1}, carrying a suitable difference structure; since I and S
1 coincide, for n = 1 we get the fuzzy probability theory as a special case. In the first case, when the morphisms preserve the so-called pure elements, the resulting category S
n
D, n > 1, and ID are isomorphic and the generalized probability theories modeled in ID and S
n
D are “the same”. In the second case, when the morphisms map each maximal element to a maximal element, the resulting categories WS
n
D, n > 1, lead to different models of generalized probability theories. We define basic notions of the corresponding simplex-valued probability theories and mention some applications.
Synaptic algebras
Authors: Foulis David 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A synaptic algebra is both a special Jordan algebra and a spectral order-unit normed space satisfying certain natural conditions suggested by the partially ordered Jordan algebra of bounded Hermitian operators on a Hilbert space. The adjective “synaptic”, borrowed from biology, is meant to suggest that such an algebra coherently “ties together” the notions of a Jordan algebra, a spectral order-unit normed space, a convex effect algebra, and an orthomodular lattice.
On the notion of coexistence in quantum mechanics
Authors: Busch Paul , Kiukas Jukka , Lahti Pekka 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The notion of coexistence of quantum observables was introduced to describe the possibility of measuring two or more observables together. Here we survey the various different formalisations of this notion and their connections. We review examples illustrating the necessary degrees of unsharpness for two noncommuting observables to be jointly measurable (in one sense of the phrase). We demonstrate the possibility of measuring together (in another sense of the phrase) noncoexistent observables. This leads us to a reconsideration of the connection between joint measurability and noncommutativity of observables and of the statistical and individual aspects of quantum measurements.
Quantum measure theory
Authors: Gudder Stan 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We first present some basic properties of a quantum measure space. Compatibility of sets with respect to a quantum measure is studied and the center of a quantum measure space is characterized. We characterize quantum measures in terms of signed product measures. A generalization called a super-quantum measure space is introduced. Of a more speculative nature, we show that quantum measures may be useful for computing and predicting elementary particle masses.
Estimation of an unobservable parameters in the type II constraints in singular linear regression model
Authors: Kubáček Lubomír 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In regular linear regression model with the type II constraints the unobservable parameters in the constraints can be estimated by the BLUE of the observable parameters. The BLUE respects the constraints. If the estimator of the observable parameters which is the BLUE in the model without constraints is used, then the estimator of the unobservable parameters is the same.
A problem is whether this is valid in the case of a singular model.
Norwegian obstetricians' opinions about cesarean section on maternal request: should women pay themselves?
Authors: Fuglenes Dorthe , Øian Pål , Gyrd‐Hansen Dorte , Olsen Jan Abel , Kristiansen Ivar S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective. To explore obstetricians' opinions on cesarean section (CS) on maternal request in the absence of a medical indication, and the potential to regulate CS on maternal request through financial incentives such as patient co‐payment. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Setting. Norway. Population/sample: A total of 507 obstetricians (response rate 71%). Methods. Questionnaire covering socio‐demographic variables, professional experience and attitudes about CS on maternal request (such as willingness to perform, views on how CS on maternal request should be financed). Main outcome measures. Obstetricians' opinions about CS on maternal request including funding and use of patient co‐payments. Results. Clinical encounters with CS on maternal request were considered problematic from a clinical viewpoint by 62% of the respondents. While 35% considered the costs of CS on maternal request to be a public responsibility, 40% suggested use of co‐payments ranging from €188– €7,500. Male obstetricians less frequently considered CS on maternal request problematic and were more likely to favor public funding than females. Female obstetricians favored use of co‐payments more often than males (64% female vs. 37% male obstetricians, χ2 = 23.94, p < 0.001) and suggested higher co‐payments. The median co‐payment was €1,875 for female and €1,250 for male obstetricians (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The study supports the existence of a gender difference concerning obstetricians' responses to patient requested cesarean section. The results indicate that a substantial proportion of obstetricians welcome some form of constraint concerning cesarean section requests in the absence of a medical indication.
Preoperative multidetector row computed tomography for evaluation and assessment of resection criteria in patients with pancreatic masses
Authors: Grieser Christian , Steffen Ingo G. , Grajewski Luise , Stelter Lars , Streitparth Florian , Schnapauff Dirk , Glanemann Matthias , Langrehr Jan , Andreou Andreas , Neuhaus Peter , Hamm Bernd , Hänninen Enrique Lopez , Denecke Timm 
Published: October 2010

Background: Preoperative assessment of pancreatic masses is still challenging as regards the characterization and assessment of irresectability. The opportunities of modern multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with image postprocessing can be expected to enhance the diagnostic performance if accurate criteria are elaborated. Purpose: To estimate the accuracy of MDCT and multiplanar image reconstructions with the use of standardized imaging criteria for preoperative evaluation of pancreatic masses with respect to irresectability. Material and Methods: A total of 105 consecutive patients who underwent exploratory laparoscopy or pancreatic resection and had preoperative 3-phase MDCT (4–64 rows) were enrolled retrospectively. First, transverse sections and secondly additional 3Ds were reviewed by two independent blinded observers (O1/O2). Preoperative imaging findings were correlated with intraoperative and histopathologic results. Results: Among all 105 patients, 70 malignant pancreatic tumors and 35 benign pancreatic diseases were found (accuracy of 93% for O1 and 91% for O2). For arterial tumor invasion, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis (values averaged from the results of O1 and O2) revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.931 for transverse sections and 0.986 for 3Ds. Regarding irresectability, positive predictive values were 97% (with 3Ds, 97%) for O1/O2; negative predictive values were 84% (with 3Ds, 89%) for O1 and 86% (with 3Ds, 91%) for O2. Conclusion: MDCT with 3Ds was highly accurate for evaluation and assessment of irresectability criteria in patients with pancreatic masses. However, due to the limited specificity regarding arterial tumor infiltration, the indication for surgical exploration should be made generously in case of inconclusive findings.
CT, MR, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and their combined use for the assessment of mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity
Authors: Gu Dong Hyeon , Yoon Dae Young , Park Chan Hee , Chang Suk Ki , Lim Kyoung Ja , Seo Young Lan , Yun Eun Joo , Choi Chul Soon , Bae Sang Hoon 
Published: October 2010

Background: A reliable assessment of mandibular invasion is crucial for treatment planning to obtain both radical tumor resection and good functional results. Purpose: To retrospectively compare the diagnostic value of three different imaging methods – computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT – and their combined use for detection of mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity. Material and Methods: Forty-six patients (39 men and 7 women; mean age, 59.4 years) suspected of having mandibular invasion by SCC of the oral cavity underwent CT, MR, and PET/CT within 2 weeks before surgery. First, each study was reviewed separately for the presence of mandibular invasion by tumors. Then, the value of combined images was assessed based on a confidence rating score for each modality assigned by observers. These results were verified with histopathologic findings. Results: Histopathologic examination revealed mandibular invasion in 12 of 46 SCCs. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 41.7%, 100%, and 84.8% for CT; 58.3%, 97.1%, and 87.0% for MR; and 58.3%, 97.1%, and 87.0% for PET/CT, respectively. The comparison of these modalities showed no statistically significant difference among them ( P > 0.05). The combination of CT, MR, and PET/CT improved sensitivity (83.3%), without loss of specificity (100%) and accuracy (95.7%), although the difference failed to reach statistical significance ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: The combined analysis of CT, MR, and PET/CT can improve sensitivity in the detection of mandibular invasion by SCC of the oral cavity.
Decontamination of laryngoscope blades
Authors: Telang R , Patil V , Ranganathan P , Kelkar R 
Published: October 2010

Background:
The laryngoscope has been identified as a potential source of cross-infection, because of blood and bacterial contamination. In India, there are no guidelines for cleaning and disinfection of anesthesia-related equipment. Practices for decontamination of laryngoscopes vary widely and in most healthcare institutes, laryngoscope blades are re-used after cleaning with tap-water.

Materials and Methods:
We prospectively compared two techniques for decontamination of laryngoscope blades - a) washing with tap-water and b) washing with tap-water followed by disinfection by immersing in 5% v/v (volume/volume, 1:20 dilution) aldehyde-free biguanide agent for 10 min. We calculated the cost-effectiveness of using 5% v/v aldehyde-free biguanide agent for disinfection of laryngoscopes. We also conducted a survey to assess the decontamination practices in other Indian hospitals.

Results:
Overall bacterial growth was 58% (29 out of 50 blades) after tap-water cleaning (of which 60% were pathogenic organisms) versus 3.4% (one out of 29 blades) after tap-water cleaning followed by immersion in disinfectant (all of which were commensals). The cost of disinfection with biguanide was Indian Rupees 1.13 (20 US cents) per laryngoscope. Most hospitals in India do not have guidelines regarding laryngoscope decontamination between uses, and cleaning with tap water is a commonly used method.

Conclusion:
Cleaning of laryngoscope blades with tap-water is a commonly used but inadequate method for decontamination. Washing with tap-water followed by disinfection with 5% v/v aldehyde-free biguanide for at least 10 min is an effective and inexpensive alternative. National guidelines for the decontamination of anesthesia equipment are necessary.
p53, carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19.9 expression in gall bladder cancer, precursor epithelial lesions and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis
Authors: Agrawal V , Goel A , Krishnani N , Pandey R , Agrawal S , Kapoor VK 
Published: October 2010

Background:
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the commonest gastrointestinal cancer in women of north India. Precursor epithelial lesions in GBC are known; however, the role of xanthogranulomatous (XG) inflammation in the pathogenesis of GBC is unknown.

Aims:
To analyze the role of precursor lesions in the pathogenesis of GBC we studied the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53, carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA-19.9) in GBC, chronic cholecystitis (CC), XG cholecystitis (XGC) and precursor lesions.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 51 GBC, 68 CC, 42 XGC and 10 normal gallbladders. All cases were evaluated for presence of precursor lesions and IHC was performed.

Results:
p53 immunoreactivity was found in 55% GBC, 32% of dysplasia with malignancy and in 14% of dysplasia with CC. Sixteen percent GBC had associated XG inflammation. Normal and metaplastic epithelium in CC and in XGC did not express p53. CEA expression was apical in normal and inflammatory GBs (CC, XGC), while cytoplasmic focal to diffuse positivity was seen in 82% GBC. CA-19.9 expression was seen in all cases of normal and inflammatory GBs; however, foci of antral metaplasia were negative. Seventy-five percent of GBC expressed CA-19.9; all negative cases were high-grade on histology.

Conclusions:
Altered CEA expression is seen in GBC as compared to normal and inflammatory gallbladders. Loss of expression of CA19.9 in antral metaplasia and poorly differentiated GBC may indicate that it is a marker of biliary differentiation. p53 over-expression seen in GBC and in dysplasia associated with malignancy and with CC suggests that p53 mutation and dysplasia are early events in the evolution of GBC. Epithelial metaplasia and XG inflammation are often associated with GBC but do not appear to play a role in its pathogenesis through the p53 pathway.
Barriers to Buprenorphine Dispensing by Medicaid-Participating Community Retail Pharmacies
Authors: Freeman Patricia R. , Hammerslag Lindsey R. , Ahrens Katherine A. , Sharbaugh Michael , Gordon Adam J. , Austin Anna E. , Donohue Julie M. , Allen Lindsay D. , Barnes Andrew J. , Talbert Jeffery C. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceControlled substances have regulatory requirements under the US Federal Controlled Substance Act that must be met before pharmacies can stock and dispense them. However, emerging evidence suggests there are pharmacy-level barriers in access to buprenorphine for treatment for opioid use disorder even among pharmacies that dispense other opioids.ObjectiveTo estimate the proportion of Medicaid-participating community retail pharmacies that dispense buprenorphine, out of Medicaid-participating community retail pharmacies that dispense other opioids and assess if the proportion dispensing buprenorphine varies by Medicaid patient volume or rural-urban location.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis serial cross-sectional study included Medicaid pharmacy claims (2016-2019) data from 6 states (Kentucky, Maine, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia) participating in the Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network (MODRN). Community retail pharmacies serving Medicaid-enrolled patients were included, mail-order pharmacies were excluded. Analyses were conducted from September 2022 to August 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe proportion of pharmacies dispensing buprenorphine approved for opioid use disorder among pharmacies dispensing an opioid analgesic or buprenorphine prescription to at least 1 Medicaid enrollee in each state. Pharmacies were categorized by median Medicaid patient volume (by state and year) and rurality (urban vs rural location according to zip code).ResultsIn 2016, 72.0% (95% CI, 70.9%-73.0%) of the 7038 pharmacies that dispensed opioids also dispensed buprenorphine to Medicaid enrollees, increasing to 80.4% (95% CI, 79.5%-81.3%) of 7437 pharmacies in 2019. States varied in the percent of pharmacies dispensing buprenorphine in Medicaid (range, 73.8%-96.4%), with significant differences between several states found in 2019 (χ2﻿ P &amp;lt; .05), when states were most similar in the percent of pharmacies dispensing buprenorphine. A lower percent of pharmacies with Medicaid patient volume below the median dispensed buprenorphine (69.1% vs 91.7% in 2019), compared with pharmacies with above-median patient volume (χ2﻿ P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this serial cross-sectional study of Medicaid-participating pharmacies, buprenorphine was not accessible in up to 20% of community retail pharmacies, presenting pharmacy-level barriers to patients with Medicaid seeking buprenorphine treatment. That some pharmacies dispensed opioid analgesics but not buprenorphine suggests that factors other than compliance with the Controlled Substance Act influence pharmacy dispensing decisions.