bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hand hygiene practices of veterinary support staff in small animal private practice
Authors: Nakamura R. K. , Tompkins E. , Braasch E. L. , Martinez J. G. , Bianco D. 
Published: February 2012

Objective:
To evaluate the hand hygiene (HH) practices among veterinary technicians (VT) and veterinary support staff (VSS) in small animal private practice.Methods:
This was a prospective questionnaire‐based study involving 182 VT and VSS from 18 small animal hospitals in the USA. Questions asked included gender, number of animals handled per work shift, frequency of hand washing, reason for not washing more frequently, most common available hand washing agent, education regarding the importance of HH and frequency of ring wearing.Results:
Less than half of the respondents [76 of 182 (41·7%)] reported washing their hands regularly between handling patients and 154 of 182 (85·6%) believed they should have washed more frequently. The most commonly employed HH agent was hand soap [154 of 182 (84·6%)] and the most common reason cited for not washing more frequently was being too busy [132 of 182 (72·5%)]. Only 96 of 182 (52·7%) respondents were educated by doctors at their hospital regarding the importance of HH.Clinical Significance:
The HH practices among VT and VSS in small animal private practice is poor. Hand soap was the most commonly employed agent among respondents in this study. Education of VT and VSS regarding the importance of HH requires improvement.
Process of implementation and development of early psychosis clinical services in Italy: a survey
Authors: Ghio Lucio , Natta Werner , Peruzzo Laura , Gotelli Simona , Tibaldi Giuseppe , Ferrannini Luigi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim: To carry out an in‐depth survey into the method of providing early intervention in schizophrenia in Italy and to evaluate the process of development of early psychosis clinical services following the pilot programme ‘Programma 2000’ and the publishing of Italian National Guidelines.Methods: Topic‐specific national and international clinical and research programmes, alongside national guidelines, were taken into consideration in order to create an ad hoc questionnaire. A telephone survey using this questionnaire was carried out. A randomized sample of 152 mental health centres (MHCs) were involved, equal to 21.5% of all Italian MHCs.Results: The process of nationwide diffusion of early psychosis clinical services in Italy is frustratingly slow. Italian MHCs, including a specialized service for early interventions in schizophrenia, are estimated at being between 20% and 30%. Most services adopt a generalist approach and more frequently follow guidelines drawn up within the centres than Italian National Guidelines, involve few patients and provide a high variability of treatment options. The distribution of these services in Italy is not homogenous and influenced by demographic factors.Conclusion: Our data are consistent with worldwide literature showing a slow and variable implementation of early psychosis services in all nations. The main efforts to make these services diffused should be addressed to favour the process of localized adaptation to the guidelines, to demand possible and realistic implementation of the standard method, to stimulate policy endorsement and resources' allocation, and to particularly support the rural and the poorer zones.
What contributes to self‐rated oral health among community‐dwelling older adults? Findings from the ElderSmile program
Authors: Northridge Mary E. , Chakraborty Bibhas , Kunzel Carol , Metcalf Sara , Marshall Stephen , Lamster Ira B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives: As part of ongoing efforts by the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine to devise community‐based models of health promotion and care for local residents, we sought to answer the following query: “What contributes to self‐rated oral health among community‐dwelling older adults?”Methods: The present study is cross sectional in design and centrally concerned with baseline data collected during community‐based screenings of adults aged 50 years and older who agreed to participate in the ElderSmile program in northern Manhattan, New York City. The primary outcome measure of interest is self‐rated oral health, which was assessed as follows: “Overall, how would you rate the health of your teeth and gums – excellent, good, fair, or poor?”Results: More than a quarter (28.5 percent) of ElderSmile participants aged 50 years and older reported that their oral health was poor. After adjustment for age (in years), place of birth, educational level, and dental insurance status in a logistic regression model, recent visits to the dentist (within the past year versus more than a year ago) contributed to better self‐rated oral health and non‐Hispanic Black race/ethnicity, dentate (versus edentulous) status, tooth decay as measured by decayed missing filled teeth, and severe periodontal inflammation contributed to worse self‐rated oral health in this population.Conclusions: Recent dental care contributed to better self‐rated oral health among community‐dwelling older adults living in northern Manhattan. Significant gradients were evident in the caries experience and periodontal inflammation of dentate adults by self‐rated oral health, suggesting that untreated oral disease contributes to poor self‐rated oral health.
Human serum reacting specifically with a subset of β‐tubulin isoforms
Authors: Edde Bernard , Vandaele Sylvie , Darmon Michel , Soubiran Pierre 
Published: February 2012

The serum of a patient suffering from myeloma was found to decorate microtubules and mitotic spindles of cultured cells. Immunoblots performed after one‐ and two‐dimensional electrophoresis showed a reaction with a certain subset of β‐tubulin isoforms, but not with β′‐ and α‐tubulins. The tubulin subset contained both ubiquitous (β‐3) and neurospecific (β‐4,5,6) isoforms.An IgM lambda and an IgA kappa myeloma protein were found in this serum. Immunoblots performed with specific anti‐isotype second antibodies showed that the tubulin subset could be evidenced using anti‐mu, alpha, lambda, and kappa‐specific antisera. Moreover, the tubulin subset was also evidenced using an anti‐gamma second antibody. These results, which do not exclude a participation of the myeloma proteins in the anti‐tubulin reactivity, indicate, however, that the antibody response was polyclonal. The same restricted specificity of all classes of anti‐tubulin antibodies of this serum favours the hypothesis that the immune response of the patient was directed against an antigen sharing epitopes with tubulin rather than with tubulin itself.
Growth of normal and neoplastic rat pleural mesothelial cells in the presence of conditioned medium from neoplastic mesothelial cells
Authors: Van der Meeren Anne , Levy Françoise , Bignon Jean , Jaurand Marie‐Claude 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYSeveral transformed cells have been demonstrated to secrete growth factors. We studied the effect of conditioned medium from neoplastic rat pleural mesothelial cells on normal and neoplastic mesothelial cell growth. The results showed that the concentrated conditioned medium stimulated neoplastic mesothelial cell growth but inhibited reversibly normal mesothelial cell growth.
A marker of acid‐secreting membrane movement in rat gastric parietal cells
Authors: Mercier Frédéric , Reggio Hubert , DeVilliers Ginette , Bataille Dominique , Mangeat Paul 
Published: February 2012

A monoclonal antibody (mab 146.14) marker of the movement of acid‐secreting membranes in rat gastric partial cells has been produced and characterized. Mab 146.14 recognized a 95‐kD major component of a purified membrane fraction of rat gastric mucosa, the protein composition of which was similar to that of well characterized porcine H+‐K+ ATPase‐enriched membranes, and that presented the characteristic shift of density depending on whether it was purified from resting or stimulated tissues. Further biochemical analysis characterized the antigen as a membranous protein that might be in its native form, part of a higher multimolecular complex.Immunocytochemical localization of the antigen demonstrated that only membranes related to acid secretion in parietal cells expressed the 95‐kD antigen. In resting conditions, the 95‐kD antigen was diffusely distributed in the cell cytoplasm associated with inactive tubulovesicles. In stimulated cells, by contrast, all the antigen was recovered associated with secretory active microvilli formed by the apical insertion of the previously resting internal tubulovesicles. In conclusion, the 95‐kD antigen, presumably a part of the rat gastric proton pump, is a marker of acid‐secreting membranes in rat parietal cells. The translocation of antigen and membranes, observed by both light and electron microscopy supports the fusion model of membrane insertion from a cytoplasmic storage pool to the apical surface upon stimulation of acid secretion.
Posttranslational modifications of tubulin in cultured mouse brain neurons and astroglia
Authors: Eddé Bernard , Denoulet Philippe , de Néchaud Béatrice , Koulakoff Annette , Berwald‐Netter Yoheved , Gros François 
Published: February 2012

Posttranslational modifications of tubulin were analyzed in mouse brain neurons and glia developing in culture. Purified tubulin was resolved by isoelectric focusing. After 3 weeks of culture neurons were shown to express a high degree of tubulin heterogeneity (8 α and 10 β isoforms), similar to that found in the brain at the same developmental stage. Astroglial tubulin exhibits a less complex pattern consisting of 4 α and 4 β isoforms.After incubation of neuronal and glial cells with 3H‐acetate in the presence of cycloheximide, a major posttranslational label was found associated with α‐tubulin and a minor one with β‐tubulin. The acetate‐labeled isotubulins of neurons were resolved by isoelectric focusing into as many as 6 α and 7 β isoforms, while those of astroglia were resolved into only 2 α and 2 β isoforms. The same α isoforms were also shown to react with a monoclonal antibody recognizing selectively the acetylated forms(s) of α‐tubulin [38]. Whether acetate‐labeling of α‐tubulin in these cells corresponds to the acetylation of Lys40, as reported for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [30, 33, 34], is discussed according to very recent data obtained by protein sequence analysis.Tubulin phosphorylation was analyzed by incubation of cell cultures with 32PO4. No phophorylation of α‐tubulin isoforms was detected. A single β‐tubulin isoform (β′2), expressed only in neurons, was found to be phosphorylated. This isoform is similar to that previously identified in differentiated mouse neuroblastoma cells [16, 18, 21].
Induction of rat jejunal epithelial cell expression of sucrase‐isomaltase by glucocorticoids in priimary cell culture and in vivo
Authors: Yeh Kwo‐Yih , Yeh Mary , Holt Peter R. 
Published: February 2012

The cell cycle phase that mediates the induction of intestinal sucrase‐isomaltase (SI) expression by glucocorticoids was investigated by measuring migration rates of 3H‐DNA‐labeled and of SI‐containing epithelial cells by autoradiography and indirect immunofluorescent staining after simultaneous administration of [3H]thymidine and cortisone to 12‐d‐old rat pups. By 24 and 48 h, lead 3H‐DNA‐labeled cells had migrated 7.8 and 12.4 cell positions higher on the villus than lead cells expressing SI. Cell migration rates from 12 to 24 h and 24 to 48 h were 0.68 and 0.97 cell position/h. Thus, commitment to SI expression occurred in cells 11.5–12.8 h after the S phase, which is calculated to be in the G1 phase.To determine whether committed cells need to replicate to express SI, cell differentiation was examined in primary cultures of crypt cells originating from corticosterone‐treated rats. About two‐thirds of cultured cells were retarded in the S phase after plating, as judged by no increase of DNA labeling indices, no change in epithelial cell number, and the absence of mitosis (<0.01%). The proportion of cells expressing SI increased from 0 to 6–8% between 12 and 24 h, and reached 48% 48 h after plating on collagen‐coated dishes. SI expression did not occur in cells plated on glass or plastic surfaces. Pulse labeling with [35SH]methionine confirmed that de novo synthesis of SI occurred in cell cultures. Thus, additional cell cycling of committed cells occuring in vivo is not obligatory for the expression of SI.
Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin deposition during corneal endothelial wound repair. Evidence for cytoskeletal involvement
Authors: Sabet Minu D. , Gordon Sheldon R. 
Published: February 2012

The distribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, fibronectin (FN), has been examined ultrastructurally in noninjured and injured rat corneal endothelium in vivo and in vitro by immunoperoxidase cytochemistry. In noninjured endothelia, FN was observed within the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisternae but not along the cell‐Descemet's membrane (DM) interface. Twenty‐four and 48 h after a circular freeze injury, immunoperoxidase reaction product was detected at the cell‐DM interface as well as within cytoplasmic vesicles and intercellular spaces. By 1 and 2 wk post‐injury, a line of reaction product could still be demonstrated at the cell‐DM interface and evidence for newly deposited basement membrane material was observed in this region. In order to understand whether fibronectin deposition during wound repair was dependent on cytoskeletal influences, organ culture experiments were performed in which the media was supplemented with either 10−8M colchicine or 2.5 × 10−3M cytochalasin B. Without inhibitors, injured corneas cultured for 24 h had FN deposition at the cell‐DM interface similar to the in vivo results. Corneas cultured in the presence of cytochalasin B also showed FN deposition at the cell‐DM interface.However, when injured endothelia were cultured in the presence of colchicine, no reaction product was observed at the cell‐DM interface, although it could be detected intracellularly within RER. Incubating the tissues in the presence of puromycin abolished all extracellular and intracellular staining. These results indicate that during wound repair, corneal endothelial cells produce fibronectin and deposit it upon Descemet's membrane by a mechanism that may be mediated by microtubules.
Dual internalization pathway for lutropin and choriogonadotropin in porcine Leydig cells in primary culture
Authors: Salesse Roland , Dacheux Françoise , Genty Nicole , Garnier Jean 
Published: February 2012

The role of the high affinity receptor in the internalization of porcine lutropin (pLH) and human choriogonadotropin (hCG) by porcine Leydig cells in primary culture during short‐term stimulation by the two hormones was investigated. The fate of the hormones was followed either by electron microscopy (with colloidal gold‐labeled hormones) or by measurement of the cellular distribution of [125I]pLH and [125I]hCG.With both techniques, the internalization of pLH was found to be one order of magnitude greater than hCG, though the recycling rate of the high affinity receptors was the same with both hormones. However, when the cell surface was progressively depleted of its high affinity receptors by preincubation with increasing doses of hCG or pLH, the internalization of [125I]pLH remained high and largely independent of the number of high affinity receptors still available on the cell surface, while that of [125I]hCG was found to be proportional to this number. The endocytosis of [125I]pLH could only be inhibited by the simultaneous presence of micromolar concentrations of unlabeled pLH, hCG or α or β subunits of ovine LH (oLH). The intact α‐hCG subunit and the deglycosylated α‐oLH subunit were less potent, while β‐hCG and deglycosylated β‐oLH had no significant effect.These results could be explained by the existence of a “carrier” or “scavenger” receptor for LH, but with a low affinity (≌3·106 M−1) and present in excess on the cell surface as compared to the high affinity receptor. The possible physiological significance of this receptor is discussed.
Modification of cell evagination and cell differentiation in quail oviduct hyperstimulated by progesterone
Authors: Perche Olivier , Lainé Marie‐Christine , Pageaux Jean‐François , Laugier Christian , Sandoz Daniel 
Published: February 2012

Quail oviduct development is controlled by sex steroid hormones. Estrogens (E) induce cell proliferation, formation of tubular glands by epithelial cell evagination and cell differentiation. Progesterone (P) strongly increases the secretory process in E‐treated quails, but inhibits cell proliferation, cell evagination and differentiation of ciliated cells. The balance between E and P is critical for harmonious development of the oviduct.After 6 daily injections of two doses of estradiol benzoate (10 or 20 μg/d) and high doses of P (4 mg/d), tubular gland formation by epithelial cell evagination was inhibited, while epithelial cell proliferation occurred, as shown by the height of the villi and the increase in DNA.Secretory processes were strongly stimulated. Ovalbumin, a tubular gland cell marker and avidin, a mucous cell marker, were localized by immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling. Ovalbumin was localized only in the rudimentary tubular glands, whereas avidin was dispersed throughout the secretory cells.High doses of progesterone inhibited tubular gland cell proliferation, disturbed the distribution of avidin and inhibited differentiation of ciliated cells. Ovalbumin synthesis occured only in epithelial cells which were evaginated despite the hyperstimulation. Ovalbumin gene expression appeared highly dependent upon the cell position.
The effects of blue and red light on Acetabularia mediterranea after long exposure to darkness
Authors: Dazy Anne‐Catherine , Puiseux‐Dao Simone , Borghi Hélène 
Published: February 2012

After Acetabularia mediterranea cells were kept in darkness for 2–8 weeks, all the cellular processes were arrested and the algae did not grow. In particular, the transcellular electrical potential (VAB) decreased to almost zero and cytoplasmic streaming was arrested. Upon illumination with continous blue light (BL), the first events were (as with white light (WL)), immediate increase in VAB and movements of water, followed, after a lag period of 1–3 min, by transient recovery of cytoplasmic streaming which lasted about 16 min. After 10 min (earlier than in WL), the frequency of the spontaneous action potentials increased much more than in WL. Then, after 1.5–4 hr during which VAB often decreased to zero while the cytoplasmic movements stopped, both activities resumed with diurnal oscillations. BL stimulated (as WL) rRNA synthesis, migration of rRNA from nucleus towards apex and cell growth. Upon illumination with red light (RL), VAB also increased, but water movements were much less pronounced than in BL. The transient streaming phase was shorter. The spontaneous action potentials increased in frequency much later (several hr) and much less than in BL or WL. VAB did not decreased at any time and was maintained at particularly high values. Cytoplasmic streaming resumed, but showed very attenuated or no rhythm. rRNA synthesis and migration remained low. Cell growth did not resume during the experiments.By comparing our results with those of other studies relating to growth, morphogenesis and photosynthesis, we suggest that BL and RL could affect all these processes by differentially modifying the cytoplasmic concentrations of ions which may influence the functions of the cytoskeleton.
Raman Mapping of the Indentation‐Induced Densification of a Soda‐Lime‐Silicate Glass
Authors: Kassir‐Bodon Assia , Deschamps Thierry , Martinet Christine , Champagnon Bernard , Teisseire Jérémie , Kermouche Guillaume 
Published: February 2012

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy was used to map the Vickers indentation‐induced densification on a window glass (soda‐lime silicate glass), from the correlation between Raman spectrum and density. Both top surface and cross‐section of the residual imprints were investigated. It is shown that the sample preparation needed for the investigation of the in‐depth densification does not alter the results. The maximum densification ratio measured is about 3.8%, which is 60% of the maximum densification measured after a high‐pressure hydrostatic loading. Within the experimental errors, densification maps are self‐similar for the two indentation loads used 10 N and 20 N. A comparison with finite element results based on a constitutive model developed for silica is discussed.
Comparison of the effects of marchantin C and fucoidan on sFlt-1 and angiogenesis in glioma microenvironment
Authors: Lv Yafeng , Song Qingxu , Shao Qianqian , Gao Wenjuan , Mao Haiting , Lou Hongxiang , Qu Xun , Li Xingang 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the effects of marchantin C and fucoidan on angiogenesis induced by glioma cells and monocytes, and to elucidate the role of sFlt-1 in this process.

Methods
T98G glioma cells and THP1 monocytes were pretreated with marchantin C or fucoidan, respectively. Conditioned media were used for endothelial cell tube formation assay and detection of sFlt-1 by ELISA. Depletion of sFlt-1 was achieved by a neutralizing antibody to assess its role in the process.

Key findings
Marchantin C inhibited angiogenesis induced by T98G cells while fucoidan inhibited both T98G and THP1 cell-induced angiogenesis. In all three groups in which angiogenesis was inhibited, sFlt-1 level in the supernatants was elevated. Pretreatment of the conditioned media with sFlt-1 antibody restored the inhibited angiogenesis to a certain degree.

Conclusions
This study suggested for the first time that marchantin C and fucoidan could significantly inhibit angiogenesis induced by glioma cells or monocytes. Up-regulation of sFlt-1 played an important role in this process.
In-vitro dissolution methods for controlled release parenterals and their applicability to drug-eluting stent testing
Authors: Seidlitz Anne , Weitschies Werner 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Dissolution testing is a powerful tool for the characterization of dosage form performance in vitro under standardized conditions. In spite of the increasing number of parenterally administered medicinal products, currently there are no compendial dissolution test methods designed especially for these types of dosage forms. In addition to classical drug delivery systems, drug/device combination products, such as drug-eluting stents, are being used increasingly.

Key findings
This review describes the current methods that are used most often for in-vitro dissolution testing of parenteral dosage forms, i.e. the ‘sample and separate’ methods, the ‘dialysis’ methods, and the ‘flow-through’ methods, with a special emphasis on whether these methods can be used for drug-eluting stent testing. In the light of current regulatory requirements and with the exploding costs of preclinical and clinical development, test systems that include biorelevant parameters and are predictive of in-vivo performance are increasingly important. Published attempts to take biorelevant conditions into consideration in the design of dissolution test apparatus developed for parenteral dosage forms, including a method that was designed to emulate the embedding and flow-conditions at the site of stent implantation, have been outlined in this review.

Summary
In spite of the large quantity of highly potent controlled release parenteral products marketed today, there is still a lack of suitable methods for in vitro dissolution testing for these dosage forms especially with regard to biorelevant testing conditions. For dosage forms implanted into tissues it seems of major importance to reproduce the transport forces which are predominant in vivo (diffusive versus convective) in the in-vitro experimental setup.