bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runner and Virginia Type Peanut Response to Gypsum in Relation to Soil Calcium Level1
Authors: Gaines T. P. , Parker M. B. , Walke M. E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Research reports relating peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to gypsum at varying soil Ca levels are limited for the runner types and non-existent for the Virginia type NC-7. Twenty-nine gypsum experiments were conducted from 1982 to 1987 with Florunner on six soils. Seven gypsum experiments were conducted on four soils with Virginia types, six with NC-7 and one with Early Bunch. Pod yields of Florunner peanuts were increased by gypsum in 4 of 10 experiments with Mehlich-1 soil Ca ranging from 221 to 538 kg/ha and in all 7 Virginia type peanut experiments with soil Ca ranging from 168 to 1559 kg/ha. However, soil Ca concentration influenced the degree of response of the Virginia types since pod yield response to gypsum declined with increased soil Ca concentration and reached 95% of maximum yield at 1544 kg soil Ca/ha. The percentage of sound mature kernels (SMK) of Florunner peanuts was not affected by gypsum, but the SMK and extra large kernels of the Virginia types were increased by gypsum up to 540 kg soil Ca/ha. Soil pH varied from 5.4 to 7.4 and there was a high correlation between soil pH and soil Ca, but there was no indication that soil pH, per se, was influencing the results. Data indicate that the critical soil Ca concentration was at least 538 kg/ha for Florunner peanuts and was near 1600 kg/ha for the NC-7 Virginia type.
Economic Benefits of Selected Granular Insecticides for Control of Lesser Cornstalk Borer in Nonirrigated Peanut1
Authors: Gilreath M. E. , Funderburk J. E. , Gorbet D. W. , Zimet D. J. , Lynch R. E. , Herzog D. C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Selected prophylactic applications of granular insecticides were evaluated during 1985, 1986, and 1987 in North Florida for efficacy against lesser cornstalk borer (LCB), Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), effects on peanut seed yield and quality, and net economic return. Chlorpyrifos 15G, ethoprop 15G, and fonofos 10G were applied as band treatments over the row at various rates and times during the growing season. Dichloropropene was applied for separation of nematode effects alone and in combination with selected insecticides as an injection treatment 6 or 7 days before planting. Mean percentage of peanut plants infested with LCB larvae did not exceed 5% in any treatment, including the control, in any year. Mean densities of emerging LCB adults estimated from over-the-row wire traps did not exceed 1.2. moths per meter of row from early flowering until one month after scheduled harvest in any treatment during the study. No differences in LCB densities were detected among treatments. However, several treatments significantly improved peanut seed yield or quality in individual years and resulted in economic returns greater than the costs of treatment.
Aflatoxin Reduction by Screening Farmers Stock Peanuts
Authors: Dowell F. E. , Dorner J. W. , Cole R. J. , Davidson J. I. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Samples from 17 loads of farmers stock peanuts suspected of containing aflatoxin were screened over a belt cleaner, shelled, and sorted into grade components. Tests showed that removal of loose shelled kernels (LSK) and small pods by belt screening reduced aflatoxin levels by an average of 35%. Belt screening removed 97% by weight of the LSK, but only 4% of the sound mature kernels and sound splits (SMK+SS). Further removal of other edibles (OE), oil stock (OS), LSK, and damaged kernels (DK) from the peanuts riding over (OVERS) the belt screen reduced aflatoxin levels from an average of 110.7 ppb in the unscreened load to 3.8 ppb in SMK+SS. The OE, OS, LSK and DK were removed from the OVERS through the use of slotted screens and by sorting.
Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Three Isozymes in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1
Authors: Grieshammer Uta , Wynne Johnny C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Because of the importance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as an oil, food, and feed source worldwide and the contributions of breeding and genetics to yield and quality improvement, it is desirable to understand the genetic structure of the plant. Isozymes have been used to gain an understanding of the genetic structure of several plant species. However, we found no literature on the inheritance of isozymes in peanut. The F1 and F2 seed of several crosses between cultivars and plant introduction lines of three botantical types of peanut were used to investigate the inheritance of three isozymes by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis: phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT). Each of the three enzymes displayed two different banding patterns, the difference being the presence vs. the absence of either one (IDH) or two (PHI, GOT) bands. Chi-square analysis for goodness of fit of the observed F2 segregation ratios to ratios expected from genetic models indicated that the polymorphisms for both PHI and IDH are controlled by single genes. Two loci, Phi-1 and Idh-1, respectively, are proposed. Sixty-five of 71 F1 progeny monitored for GOT showed the banding pattern of the male parent. The F2 progeny segregated into the two parental types, but the ratios did not fit a simple genetic model. Possible explanations for the observed paternal inheritance of GOT include biparental transmission of plastids, prezygotic RNA synthesis and genomic imprinting.
Roasted Peanut Flavor Variation Across Germplasm Sources1
Authors: Pattee Harold E. , Giesbrecht Francis G. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Roasted flavor is a critical factor in the acceptance of a peanut cultivar. A three-year study was made on the variation in roasted peanut flavor intensity of U.S. peanut cultivars and advanced breeding lines. An initial set of 83 entries was reduced to 71 by removing samples that showed evidence of extraneous environmental conditions, immaturity, and handling or improper sample preparation effects. All entries for the cv. New Mexico Valenicia C, representing the Valencia market type, were lost because of improper roasting or intense fruity flavor. Florigiant, Florunner, and Pronto were used as comparison standards for roasted peanut attribute values in evaluating the Virginia, runner, and Spanish market types, respectively. The positive estimated difference between control and test germplasm sources was largest within the Virginia type, with a least-square mean difference of +1.4 for roasted peanut attribute intensity. Spanish types were next with a positive estimated difference of +1.3, and runner types were lowest with a positive estimated difference of +0.5. Broadsense heritability for the roasted peanut attribute among germplasm sources was determined to be 24%, suggesting a potential for improving the roasted peanut attribute level through proper breeding stratagems.
Deposition and Retention of Chlorothalonil Applied to Peanut Foliage: Effects of Application Methods, Fungicide Formulations and Oil Additives1
Authors: Brenneman T. B. , Sumner H. R. , Harrison G. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Deposition and retention of chlorothalonil (CTL) on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) foliage was evaluated by surface-stripping leaf discs with toluene and determining the CTL concentration via gas chromatography. CTL was applied at 1.25 kg/ha via ground sprays, a center pivot-mounted underslung boom, or chemigation in 0.12, 1.7, or 17.8 kL of water/ha, respectively. Ground sprays resulted in the highest concentrations of CTL on peanut leaves followed by the underslung boom and chemigation, respectively. Residue levels were lower with the higher volume applications but were more uniformly distributed throughout the plant canopy. Deposition of chemigated CTL applied as Bravo 500(R), Bravo 720(R), or Bravo 720(R) plus either an emulsifiable vegetable oil (SoyOil 937(R) or a nonemulsifiable petroleum oil (UN Sunspray oil(R)) was also evaluated. Results of residue sampling at 0, 5, 9 and 14 days after treatment indicated that addition of either oil to Bravo 720(R) resulted in the highest initial deposition of fungicide followed by Bravo 500(R) and Bravo 720(R) alone, respectively. However, the half-life of CTL applied as Bravo 720(R) plus either oil was reduced as compared to the half-life for either Bravo 720(R) alone or Bravo 500(R). By day 14, concentrations of CTL had decreased by more than 93% in all treatments. The mean half-life of CTL for all treatments was 3.8, 4.8 and 4.8 days in the top, middle and bottom canopy layers, respectively.
Review Article, Report and Exhibition and Book Reviews
Authors: Taylor Raphaël , Beaty Bart , Duggan Robert , MacLeod Catriona , Miller Ann 
Published: April 2010

REVIEW ARTICLEDaniel Couvreur, Frédéric Soumois and Philippe Goddin, Les Vrais Secrets de la Licorne [‘The True Secrets of the Unicorn’] (Brussels/Tournai: Moulinsart/Casterman, 2006). 127 pp., ISBN 978-2-87424-118-5 (hardback, €15.00)Daniel Couvreur and Frédéric Soumois, with a preface by Dominique Maricq,
À la Recherche du Trésor de Rackham le Rouge [‘In Search of Red Rackham’s
Treasure’] (Brussels/Tournai: Moulinsart/Casterman, 2007). 135 pp., ISBN
978-2-87424-160-4 (paperback, €15.00)REPORTAngoulême, 2009EXHIBITION REVIEWMusée du Louvre, Paris, Le Petit dessein: Le Louvre s’ouvre au neuvième art [‘Modest Plans: The Louvre Opens up to the Ninth Art’]BOOK REVIEWSCharles Hatfield, Alternative Comics: An Emerging Literature (Jackson: UP of
Mississippi, 2005). 182 pp. ISBN 978-1578067190 (paperback, $22.00)Jeff McLaughlin, Comics as Philosophy (Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2005). 246
pp. ISBN 1-57806-794-4 (paperback, £12.50)Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle, Images à mi-mots [‘Images Halfway to Words’]
(Brussels: Impressions nouvelles, 2008). 191 pp. ISBN 978-2-87449-048-4
(€20.00)
Access to Care and the Incidence of Endstage Renal Disease Due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: WARD MICHAEL M. 
Published: April 2010

Objective.Persons with low socioeconomic status have an increased risk of endstage renal disease (ESRD) due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), possibly because of limited access to care. We examined if the incidence of ESRD due to SLE was higher in geographic areas with poorer access to care.Methods.In this population-based ecological study, we tested associations between the incidence of ESRD due to SLE and the proportion of hospitalizations with no insurance, Medicaid or managed care insurance, residence in a primary care-provider shortage area or rural area, and rate of hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, by ZIP code in California in 1999–2004.Results.The incidence of ESRD due to SLE was higher in ZIP codes with higher proportions of hospitalizations with no insurance (r = 0.22, p < 0.0001) or Medicaid (r = 0.21, p < 0.0001), and in ZIP codes with higher rates of hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (r = 0.23, p < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, incidences were higher in ZIP codes with higher proportions of hospitalizations with Medicaid (p < 0.0001) and higher rates of hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (p = 0.06), independent of the socioeconomic status of the ZIP code residents.Conclusion.The incidence of ESRD due to SLE is higher in areas with higher proportions of residents who have public insurance and higher rates of avoidable hospitalizations, suggesting that limited access to care may contribute to this complication of SLE.
Inflammation and Fibrosis duringChlamydia pneumoniaeInfection Is Regulated by IL-1 and the NLRP3/ASC Inflammasome
Authors: He Xianbao , Mekasha Samrawit , Mavrogiorgos Nikolaos , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Lien Egil , Ingalls Robin R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChlamydia pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen associated with atypical pneumonia, and it has been suggested as a trigger or promoter of several chronic inflammatory conditions, such as asthma and atherosclerosis. The β form of IL-1 (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine released by many cell types and is an important mediator of inflammation during infection. IL-1β production is a tightly controlled process that includes regulation at multiple levels and typically requires two distinct signals for activation and release. In this study, we investigated the ability of C. pneumoniae to induce IL-1β secretion. We found that C. pneumoniae was unique among the other Chlamydia species tested in its ability to potently induce secretion of mature IL-1β from unprimed bone marrow-derived macrophages during a productive infection. TLR2 was required for induction of pro–IL-1β, whereas the NLRP3/ASC was required for caspase-1 activation and pro–IL-1β cleavage to produce mature IL-1β. Caspase-1 cleavage was independent of endogenous ATP release, but required potassium flux, lysosomal acidification, and cathepsin B release. We further investigated the role of IL-1 in host defense against C. pneumoniae-induced pneumonia using mice deficient in the type I IL-1R. Although the IL-1R−/− mice developed an inflammatory infiltrate, the number of infiltrating neutrophils was lower, whereas there was evidence of increased infiltrating fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells and more lung fibrosis. We conclude that C. pneumoniae directly activates the NLRP3/ASC inflammasome, leading to the release of biologically active IL-1β, and that concurrent IL-1 signaling is required for optimal host defense against acute bacterial pneumonia.
TGF-β Enhances Effector Th1 Cell Activation but Promotes Self-Regulation via IL-10
Authors: Huss David J. , Winger Ryan C. , Peng Haiyan , Yang Yuhong , Racke Michael K. , Lovett-Racke Amy E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Myelin-specific effector Th1 cells are able to perpetuate CNS inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model representative of multiple sclerosis. Although the effects of cytokines in the CNS microenvironment on naive CD4+ T cells have been well described, much less is known about their ability to influence Ag-experienced effector cells. TGF-β is a multifunctioning cytokine present in the healthy and inflamed CNS with well-characterized suppressive effects on naive T cell functions. However, the effects of TGF-β on effector Th1 cells are not well defined. Using myelin-specific TCR transgenic mice, we demonstrate that TGF-β elicits differential effects on naive versus effector Th1 cells. TGF-β enhances cellular activation, proliferation, and cytokine production of effector Th1 cells; however, adoptive transfer of these cells into naive mice showed a reduction in encephalitogenicity. We subsequently demonstrate that the reduced encephalitogenic capacity is due to the ability of TGF-β to promote the self-regulation of Th1 effector cells via IL-10 production. These data demonstrate a mechanism by which TGF-β is able to suppress the encephalitogenicity of myelin-specific Th1 effector cells that is unique from its suppression of naive T cells.
Methods for the Design and Analysis of Sedimentation Velocity and Sedimentation Equilibrium Experiments with Proteins
Authors: Demeler Borries 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAnalytical ultracentrifugation experiments play an integral role in the solution phase characterization of recombinant proteins and other biological macromolecules. This unit discusses the design of sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium experiments performed with a Beckman Optima XL‐A or XL‐I analytical ultracentrifuge. Optimal instrument settings and experimental design considerations are explained, and strategies for the analysis of experimental data with the UltraScan data analysis software package are presented. Special attention is paid to the strengths and weaknesses of the available detectors, and guidance is provided on how to extract maximum information from analytical ultracentrifugation experiments. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 60:7.13.1‐7.13.24. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Publication and Database Deposition of Molecular Interaction Data
Authors: Orchard Sandra , Aranda Bruno , Hermjakob Henning 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDepositing data to a public domain interaction database not only improves the quality and quantity of interactions available to the user community, but also increases the visibility of the data, with members of the International Molecular Exchange (IMEx) databases making the information available in all participating resources. Datasets submitted prior to publication will be issued an accession number that may be included in a publication and which increases user accessibility to the data. No dataset is too small for submission, and the database curators will provide assistance in ensuring the information is correctly represented. This unit provides several alternative protocols to assist the author in preparing and submitting data as an integral part of the manuscript‐preparation process. Which method the author selects is largely dictated by the amount of data to be deposited. In addition, two support protocols describe assignment of unambiguous accession numbers and use of controlled vocabulary terms. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 60:25.3.1‐25.3.13. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
PRIDE: Data Submission and Analysis
Authors: Vizcaíno Juan Antonio , Reisinger Florian , Côté Richard , Martens Lennart 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Proteomics Identifications database (PRIDE, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride) is one of the main repositories designed to store, disseminate, and analyze mass spectrometry–based proteomics datasets. In this unit, an overview of the PRIDE system is given, including its key satellite tools: the Ontology Lookup Service (OLS), the Protein Identifier Cross‐Referencing Service (PICR), and Database on Demand (DoD). Also described in detail are procedures for submitting data to PRIDE, and accessing data stored in PRIDE using the BioMart interface. Finally, to demonstrate the potential of PRIDE as a source for data mining, an example protocol is provided to showcase the powerful cross‐domain query capabilities available through a combination of BioMarts. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 60:25.4.1‐25.4.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Emission Color Tuning in Ambipolar Organic Single‐Crystal Field‐Effect Transistors by Dye‐Doping
Authors: Nakanotani Hajime , Saito Masatoshi , Nakamura Hiroaki , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe effect of dye‐doping in ambipolar light‐emitting organic field‐effect transistors (LE‐OFETs) is investigated from the standpoint of the carrier mobilities and the electroluminescence (EL) characteristics under ambipolar operation. Dye‐doping of organic crystals permits not only tuning of the emission color but also significantly increases the efficiency of ambipolar LE‐OFETs. A rather high external EL quantum efficiency (∼0.64%) of one order of magnitude higher than that of a pure p‐distyrylbenzene (P3V2) single crystal is obtained by tetracene doping. The doping of tetracene molecules into a host P3V2 crystal has almost no effect on the electron mobility and the dominant carrier recombination process in the tetracene‐doped P3V2 crystal involves direct carrier recombination on the tetracene molecules.
Stem Cell Aligned Growth Induced by CeO2 Nanoparticles in PLGA Scaffolds with Improved Bioactivity for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Mandoli Corrado , Pagliari Francesca , Pagliari Stefania , Forte Giancarlo , Di Nardo Paolo , Licoccia Silvia , Traversa Enrico 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHybrid 2D polymeric–ceramic biosupports are fabricated by mixing a nanostructured CeO2 powder with 85:15 poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)/dichloromethane solutions at specific concentrations, followed by solvent casting onto pre‐patterned molds. The mold patterning allows the orientation of ceramic nanoparticles into parallel lines within the composite scaffold. The ability of the produced films to host and address cell growth is evaluated after 1, 3, and 6 days of culturing with murine derived cardiac and mesenchymal stem cells (CSCs and MSCs), and compared with PLGA films without ceramics and loaded with nanostructured TiO2. Aligned cell growth is observed only for scaffolds that incorporate oriented ceramic nanoparticles, attributed to the nanoceramic ability to modulate the roughness pitch, thus improving cell sensitivity towards the host surface features. Better CSC and MSC proliferative activity is observed for CeO2 composites with respect to either TiO2‐added or unfilled PLGA films. This evidence may be related to the nanostructured CeO2 antioxidative properties.
Fluctuating and directional asymmetry in young human males: Effect of heavy working condition and socioeconomic status
Authors: Özener Barış 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMany adverse environmental and genetic factors can affect stability of development during human growth. Although the level of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) may be influenced by environmental and genetic stress encountered during this period, directional asymmetry (DA) is largely attributable to differential mechanical loading during bone growth, for example, handedness. I assessed the effects of heavy working conditions and socioeconomic conditions on asymmetry levels in three groups of young human males: 1) individuals employed in the heavy industry sector (n= 104, mean age = 18.48 ± 0.61 years), 2) individuals who had the same socioeconomic status as the laborers (n= 102, mean age = 18.39 ± 0.58 years) but were not laborers, and 3) nonlaborers from the higher socioeconomic levels of society (n= 103, mean age = 18.43 ± 0.67). For all subjects, hand length, hand width, elbow width, wrist width, knee width, ankle width, foot length, foot width, ear length, and ear width were measured. All measurements of the upper extremities in the labor group appeared to exhibit DA; in the other two groups only hand measurements exhibited DA. According to analysis of FA, subjects living in poor conditions exhibited more FA than their nonlaborer peers living in better conditions. In addition, biomechanical pressures due to heavy working conditions of the labor group appeared to cause increased DA in the upper extremities: DA increased with an increase in the number of years working. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:13–20, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.