bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model order reduction for hyperelastic materials
Authors: Niroomandi Siamak , Alfaro Icíar , Cueto Elías , Chinesta Francisco 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a novel algorithm for the dimensional reduction of the models of hyperelastic solids undergoing large strains. Unlike standard proper orthogonal decomposition methods, the proposed algorithm minimizes the use of the Newton algorithms in the search of non‐linear equilibrium paths of elastic bodies.The proposed technique is based upon two main ingredients. On one side, the use of classic proper orthogonal decomposition techniques, that extract the most valuable information from pre‐computed, complete models. This information is used to build global shape functions in a Ritz‐like framework.On the other hand, to reduce the use of Newton procedures, an asymptotic expansion is made for some variables of interest. This expansion shows the interesting feature of possessing one unique tangent operator for all the terms of the expansion, thus minimizing the updating of the tangent stiffness matrix of the problem.The paper is completed with some numerical examples in order to show the performance of the technique in the framework of hyperelastic (Kirchhoff–Saint Venant and neo‐Hookean) solids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The multipliers‐free domain decomposition methods
Authors: Herrera Ismael , Yates Robert A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article concludes the development and summarizes a new approach to dual‐primal domain decomposition methods (DDM), generally referred to as “the multipliers‐free dual‐primal method.” Contrary to standard approaches, these new dual‐primal methods are formulated without recourse to Lagrange‐multipliers. In this manner, simple and unified matrix‐expressions, which include the most important dual‐primal methods that exist at present are obtained, which can be effectively applied to floating subdomains, as well. The derivation of such general matrix‐formulas is independent of the partial differential equations that originate them and of the number of dimensions of the problem. This yields robust and easy‐to‐construct computer codes. In particular, 2D codes can be easily transformed into 3D codes. The systematic use of the average and jump matrices, which are introduced in this approach as generalizations of the “average” and “jump” of a function, can be effectively applied not only at internal‐boundary‐nodes but also at edges and corners. Their use yields significant advantages because of their superior algebraic and computational properties. Furthermore, it is shown that some well‐known difficulties that occur when primal nodes are introduced are efficiently handled by the multipliers‐free dual‐primal method. The concept of the Steklov–Poincaré operator for matrices is revised by our theory and a new version of it, which has clear advantages over standard definitions, is given. Extensive numerical experiments that confirm the efficiency of the multipliers‐free dual‐primal methods are also reported here. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
A new high accuracy finite difference discretization for the solution of 2D nonlinear biharmonic equations using coupled approach
Authors: Mohanty R. K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this article, using coupled approach, we discuss fourth order finite difference approximation for the solution of two dimensional nonlinear biharmonic partial differential equations on a 9‐point compact stencil. The solutions of unknown variable and its Laplacian are obtained at each internal grid points. This discretization allows us to use the Dirichlet boundary conditions only and there is no need to discretize the derivative boundary conditions. We require only system of two equations to obtain the solution and its Laplacian. The proposed fourth order method is used to solve a set of test problems and produce high accuracy numerical solutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Two approaches for the numerical determination of electromagnetic fields near material interfaces using radial basis functions in a meshless method
Authors: Gordon Richard K. , Hutchcraft W. Elliott 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article discusses the use of radial basis functions in the solution of partial differential equations. In particular, an investigation of how to implement boundary conditions at material interfaces is presented. A comparison is made of solutions obtained using only radial basis functions with those obtained using either jump functions or elliptical functions in conjunction with standard radial basis functions. The purpose of adding either jump functions or elliptical functions is to alleviate the inaccurate handling of the boundary conditions at material interfaces. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
The homotopy analysis method for solving higher dimensional initial boundary value problems of variable coefficients
Authors: Jafari H. , Saeidy M. , Firoozjaee M. A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this article, higher dimensional initial boundary value problems of variable coefficients are solved by means of an analytic technique, namely the Homotopy analysis method (HAM). Comparisons are made between the Adomian decomposition method (ADM), the exact solution and the homotopy analysis method. The results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and simple. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
On the potential use of adaptive control methods for improving adaptive natural resource management
Authors: Bond Craig A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe paradigm of adaptive natural resource management (AM), in which experiments are used to learn about uncertain aspects of natural systems, is gaining prominence as the preferred technique for the administration of large‐scale environmental projects. To date, however, tools consistent with economic theory have yet to be used to either evaluate AM strategies or improve decision making in this framework. Adaptive control (AC) techniques provide such an opportunity. This paper demonstrates the conceptual link between AC methods, the alternative treatment of realized information during a planning horizon, and AM practices, shows how the different assumptions about the treatment of observational information can be represented through alternative dynamic programming model structures, and provides a means of valuing alternative treatments of information and augmenting traditional benefit–cost analysis through a decomposition of the value function. The AC approach has considerable potential to help managers prioritize experiments, plan AM programs, simulate potential AM paths, and justify decisions based on an objective valuation framework. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ein Regenbogen in der Nacht. Optische Phänomene
Authors: Tillmanns Andrea 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDie wenig bekannten Effekte der Ziliar‐Corona und des Linsen‐Halos lassen sich nicht durch atmosphärische Vorgänge erklären. In Wirklichkeit entstehen sie durch Beugungs‐ und Streueffekte im Auge. Interessanterweise werden diese beiden Phänomene bereits in Computerspielen berücksichtigt, während man sie in keinem Schul‐ oder Lehrbuch findet.
UniKat‐Flensburg. Flettner‐Rotor als alternativer Schiffsantrieb
Authors: Fiesser Lutz 
Published: September 2009

AbstractVor etwa zwei Jahren haben wir an der Universität Flensburg ein Boot mit Flettner‐Antrieb gebaut. Bei Tests konnten wir die euphorischen Erwartungen an die Leistung eines Rotorsegels nicht vollends bestätigen. Erreicht die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Rotors das Vierfache der aktuellen Windgeschwindigkeit, dann lässt sich der Vortrieb nicht weiter steigern. Dieser Sättigungseffekt war bislang unbekannt. Trotzdem belegen unsere Versuche mit dem UniKat‐Flensburg, dass ein Flettner‐Rotor in der Praxis extrem bedienerfreundlich ist.
Anschmiegsame Elektronik. Mechanik der Makroelektronik
Authors: Graz Ingrid 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHerkömmliche Elektronik ist starr und zweidimensional, unsere Umwelt nicht. Die Makroelektronik hat möglichst großflächige elektronische Schaltungen zum Ziel, die flexibel, roll‐ und verbiegbar, sogar dehnbar sind. Ein geschicktes Design soll diese mechanischen Eigenschaften mit der elektronischen Funktionalität vereinbaren. Elektronische Bauteile lassen sich zum Beispiel in einer neutralen Zwischenschicht unterbringen, die beim Verbiegen und Rollen kaum gedehnt oder gestaucht wird. Schwieriger ist die Konstruktion dehnbarer Makroelektroniken, die sich konform an Objekte anschmiegen können. Die unterschiedlichen Konzepte nutzen metallische Filme und Halbleiter, die trickreich mit dehnfähigen Elastomerträgern kombiniert werden. Auch die Faltenbildung in der Natur dient als Vorbild, um hohe Dehnfähigkeit zu erreichen.
Einmal Mars und zurück. Probenrückführung vom Roten Planeten
Authors: Khan Michael 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEines der großen Ziele der Marsforschung besteht darin, mit einer unbemannten Sonde Proben von unserem Nachbarplaneten zur Erde zu holen. Eine solche Mars Sample Return‐Mission (MSR) ist jedoch erheblich aufwendiger als ein vergleichbares Unternehmen beim Mond. Für eine MSR werden zwei Raketen nötig sein. Eine bringt einen Orbiter, die andere eine Landeeinheit auf den Weg zum Mars. Der Rückflug ist mit einem schwierigen Rendezvous‐Manöver der Landeeinheit und des Orbiters in der Marsumlaufbahn verbunden, wie es in ähnlicher Form bei den – allerdings bemannten – Apollo‐Missionen am Mond stattgefunden hat. Außerdem muss man bei einer MSR sowohl beim Hin‐ als auch beim Rückflug das Startfenster beachten, weswegen die ganze Mission etwa fünf Jahre dauern wird.
Lichteinschluss in Zufallslasern
Authors: Fallert Johannes , Klingshirn Claus , Kalt Heinz 
Published: September 2009

AbstractZufallslaser (engl. Random Laser) stellen ein spannendes Gebiet aktueller Forschung dar und besitzen ein hohes Anwendungspotenzial. Die essentielle Frage nach dem Mechanismus der Lichtemission von Zufallslasern konnte jüngst unsere Gruppe am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) klären.
Tropfen im Sandstrahl
Authors: Jäger Heinrich M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMolekulare Anziehungskräfte sorgen dafür, dass Flüssigkeiten Tropfen bilden. Experimente an der Universität von Chicago haben jetzt gezeigt, dass Anziehungskräfte im Nanobereich auch in granularen Medien zu Tropfenbildung führen können, selbst wenn hier die Teilchen makroskopisch und mit bloßem Auge sichtbar sind.
Atomare Ladungszustände unter dem Rasterkraftmikroskop
Authors: Gross Leo , Mohn Fabian , Meyer Gerhard , Repp Jascha , Giessibl Franz J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDie meisten Eigenschaften von Atomen sind durch die Zahl der Elektronen in ihrer äußeren Hülle bestimmt. Deshalb sind Messungen, die verschiedene Ladungszustände atomar aufgelöst unterscheiden können, von großer Bedeutung für die Grundlagenforschung. Auch für die Entwicklung zukünftiger, miniaturisierter Bauteile der Informationstechnik, die auf Speicherung und Transport einzelner Elektronen basieren soll, sind solche Messungen von fundamentalem Interesse. Unserer Gruppe ist es gelungen, den Ladungszustand von einzelnen Gold‐ und Silberatomen mit dem Rasterkraftmikroskop zu untersuchen.
Diplomphysiker als Lehrer
Authors: Fruböse Christian H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDie gegenwärtige Anzahl von jährlich etwa 500 universitär ausgebildeten Lehramtsabsolventen im Fach Physik kann den Bedarf an Physiklehrern nicht decken. Viele Bundesländer bieten deshalb Diplomphysikern an, als Quer‐ oder Seiteneinsteiger in den Schuldienst einzutreten. Immerhin beträgt ihr Anteil inzwischen fast 50 % aller Neueinstellungen. Was gilt es dabei zu beachten?
Proteomic analysis of resting and thrombin‐stimulated platelets reveals the translocation and functional relevance of HIP‐55 in platelets
Authors: Tucker Katherine L. , Kaiser William J. , Bergeron Angela L. , Hu Hongbo , Dong Jing‐fei , Tan Tse‐Hua , Gibbins Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe platelet surface is a dynamic interface that changes rapidly in response to stimuli to co‐ordinate the formation of thrombi at sites of vascular injury. Tight control is essential as loss of organisation may result in the inappropriate formation of thrombi (thrombosis) or excessive bleeding. In this paper we describe the comparative analysis of resting and thrombin‐stimulated platelet membrane proteomes and associated proteins to identify proteins important to platelet function. Surface proteins were labelled using a biotin tag and isolated by NeurtrAvidin affinity chromatography. Liquid phase IEF and SDS‐PAGE were used to separate proteins, and bands of increased intensity in the stimulated platelet fractions were digested and identified by FT‐ICR mass spectrometry. Novel proteins were identified along with proteins known to be translocated to the platelet surface. Furthermore, many platelet proteins revealed changes in location associated with function, including G6B and Hip‐55. HIP‐55 is an SH3‐binding protein important in T‐cell receptor signalling. Further analysis of HIP‐55 revealed that this adaptor protein becomes increasingly associated with both Syk and integrin β3 upon platelet activation. Analysis of HIP‐55 deficient platelets revealed reduced fibrinogen binding upon thrombin stimulation, suggesting HIP‐55 to be an important regulator of platelet function.
Unintended changes in protein expression revealed by proteomic analysis of seeds from transgenic pea expressing a bean α‐amylase inhibitor gene
Authors: Chen Hancai , Bodulovic Greg , Hall Prudence J. , Moore Andy , Higgins Thomas J. V. , Djordjevic Michael A. , Rolfe Barry G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSeeds of genetically modified (GM) peas (Pisum sativum L.) expressing the gene for α‐amylase inhibitor‐1 (αAI1) from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Tendergreen) exhibit resistance to the pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum). A proteomic analysis was carried out to compare seeds from GM pea lines expressing the bean αAI1 protein and the corresponding αAI1‐free segregating lines and non‐GM parental line to identify unintended alterations to the proteome of GM peas due to the introduction of the gene for αAI1. Proteomic analysis showed that in addition to the presence of αAI1, 33 other proteins were differentially accumulated in the αAI1‐expressing GM lines compared with their non‐GM parental line and these were grouped into five expression classes. Among these 33 proteins, only three were found to be associated with the expression of αAI1 in the GM pea lines. The accumulation of the remaining 30 proteins appears to be associated with Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation events. Sixteen proteins were identified after MALDI‐TOF‐TOF analysis. About 56% of the identified proteins with altered accumulation in the GM pea were storage proteins including legumin, vicilin or convicilin, phaseolin, cupin and valosin‐containing protein. Two proteins were uniquely expressed in the αAI1‐expressing GM lines and one new protein was present in both the αAI1‐expressing GM lines and their αAI1‐free segregating lines, suggesting that both transgenesis and transformation events led to demonstrable changes in the proteomes of the GM lines tested.
Fulminant pertussis: A multi‐center study with new insights into the clinico‐pathological mechanisms
Authors: Sawal Mohammad , Cohen Marta , Irazuzta Jose E. , Kumar Ramani , Kirton Christine , Brundler Marie‐Anne , Evans Clair Anne , Wilson John Andrew , Raffeeq Parakkal , Azaz Amer , Rotta Alexandre T. , Vora Ajay , Vohra Amit , Abboud Patricia , Mirkin L. David , Cooper Mehrengise , Dishop Megan K. , Graf Jeanine M. , Petros Andy , Klonin Hilary 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPertussis carries a high risk of mortality in very young infants. The mechanism of refractory cardio‐respiratory failure is complex and not clearly delineated. We aimed to examine the clinico‐pathological features and suggest how they may be related to outcome, by multi‐center review of clinical records and post‐mortem findings of 10 patients with fulminant pertussis (FP). All cases were less than 8 weeks of age, and required ventilation for worsening respiratory symptoms and inotropic support for severe hemodynamic compromise. All died or underwent extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) within 1 week. All had increased leukocyte counts (from 54 to 132 × 109/L) with prominent neutrophilia in 9/10. The post‐mortem demonstrated necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis with extensive areas of necrosis of the alveolar epithelium. Hyaline membranes were present in those cases with viral co‐infection. Pulmonary blood vessels were filled with leukocytes without well‐organized thrombi. Immunodepletion of the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes was a common feature. Other organisms were isolated as follows; 2/10 cases Para influenza type 3, 2/10 Moraxella catarrhalis, 1/10 each with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a coliform organism, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Haemophilus influenzae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and candida tropicalis. We postulate that severe hypoxemia and intractable cardiac failure may be due to the effects of pertussis toxin, necrotizing bronchiolitis, extensive damage to the alveolar epithelium, tenacious airway secretions, and possibly leukostasis with activation of the immunological cascade, all contributing to increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Cellular apoptosis appeared to underlay much of these changes. The secondary immuno‐compromise may facilitate co‐infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:970–980. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fidelity for qubits and photon states in tomographic probability representation
Authors: Man'ko O.V. , Man'ko V.I. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractReview of the probability representation of quantum states based on the tomographic‐probability notion is presented. Classical and quantum states are studied and the difference of tomographic probabilities describing the states in both domains is elucidated. New expressions for fidelity in quantum domain in terms of the tomographic probabilities for both discrete qubit states and continuous quadrature components of photon are obtained.
Prohibitin regulates TGF‐β induced apoptosis as a downstream effector of smad‐dependent and ‐independent signaling
Authors: Zhu Brian , Zhai Jianjun , Zhu Haining , Kyprianou Natasha 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProhibitin (PHB), a protein located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and nuclei, is an intracellular effector of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling in prostate cancer cells. This study investigated the involvement of PHB in the apoptosis and survival outcomes of human prostate cancer cell to TGF‐β. shRNA PHB loss of function in prostate cancer cells led to enhanced apoptotic response to TGF‐β via Smad‐dependent mechanism.METHODTGF‐β activation of Raf‐Erk intracellular signaling, led to PHB phosphorylation, decreased inner mitochondrial permeability, and increased cell survival. Calcein‐based immunofluorescence studies revealed the functional involvement of PHB in maintaining inner mitochondrial membrane permeability as an integral component of TGF‐β induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.RESULTSThese finding indicates that induction of TGF‐β apoptosis is mediated by Smad‐dependent and Smad‐independent signaling (MAPK) converging at PHB as a downstream effector regulating inner mitochondrial permeability. Putative PHB associated proteins were identified by subjecting TGF‐β treated cells to immunoprecipitation with anti‐PHB, and mass spectrometry. A screen for the kinase specific phosphorylation sites of PHB revealed three protein kinase (PKC) binding sites.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that TGF‐β led to upregulation of the PKC inhibitor 14‐3‐3 protein and promoted its association with PHB, while PHB association with PKC‐δ, was inhibited by the MEK1 inhibitor, documenting a critical interdependence between the MEK‐ERK signaling and prohibitin phosphorylation. These findings suggest a dual role for PHB as a downstream determinant of the cellular response to TGF‐β via Smad‐dependent pathway (apoptosis) and MAPK intracellular signaling (survival). Prostate 70: 17–26, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CTEN/tensin 4 expression induces sensitivity to paclitaxel in prostate cancer
Authors: Li YouQiang , Mizokami Atsushi , Izumi Kouji , Narimoto Kazutaka , Shima Takashi , Zhang Jian , Dai Jinlu , Keller Evan T. , Namiki Mikio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, we established paclitaxel‐resistant prostate cancer cell lines (PC‐3‐TxR and DU145‐TxR). To determine the mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance in PC‐3‐TxR cells, we compared the gene expression profiles between PC‐3 and PC‐3‐TxR cells. Our results indicated that expression of the C‐terminal tensin like protein (CTEN, tensin 4) gene was down‐regulated by 10‐fold in PC‐3‐TxR cells. We investigated the possibility that CTEN overexpression restores paclitaxel sensitivity.METHODSWe investigated how knockdown and overexpression of CTEN in androgen‐independent cell lines affect paclitaxel sensitivity by colony formation assay and growth inhibition assay. To determine the mechanisms by which CTEN affects paclitaxel sensitivity, we investigated the relationships between CTEN and F‐actin or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in PC‐3 cells. We also examined the association between expression of CTEN and grade of prostate cancer by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray analysis.RESULTSDown‐regulation of CTEN, which is located in the cytoskeleton, played an important role in paclitaxel resistance in PC‐3‐TxR cells. Knockdown of CTEN expression in PC‐3 cells induced paclitaxel resistance. Overexpression of CTEN in PC‐3‐TxR and DU145‐TxR cells restored paclitaxel sensitivity. CTEN expression was inversely correlated with F‐actin and EGFR expression. Then knockdown of actin and EGFR in PC‐3‐TxR cells recovered paclitaxel sensitivity, indicating that CTEN down‐regulation mediates paclitaxel resistance through elevation of EGFR and actin expression. Moreover, CTEN expression was inversely correlated with Gleason score.CONCLUSIONSThese results strongly suggested that CTEN plays an important role in paclitaxel sensitivity and that CTEN expression level may be a prognostic predictive factor for PCa patients. Prostate 70: 48–60, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of an advanced on‐line position‐specific stable carbon isotope system and application to methyl tert‐butyl ether
Authors: Gauchotte Caroline , O'Sullivan Gwen , Davis Simon , Kalin Robert M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe present an advanced system for on‐line position‐specific carbon isotope analysis. The main limitation of on‐line intramolecular isotope ratio measurements has been that optimal pyrolytic fragments are obtained mostly at temperatures where the analyte has not completely reacted. As a result of undetermined isotopic fractionation, the isotopic signatures of the pyrolysis products are not strictly equal to these of the equivalent moieties in the parent molecule. We designed a pyrolytic unit in which both temperature and reaction time are variable parameters, enabling determination of the enrichment factor of the pyrolysis at optimal temperature by construction of a Rayleigh plot. In the case of methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) presented here, a ‘pre‐pyrolysis’ fractionation of MTBE leading to a depletion of 0.9‰ was discovered and the enrichment factor of the optimal pyrolysis reaction was determined at −1.7‰. Absolute δ13C values of two functional groups of MTBE – the methoxy group and the 2‐methylpropane group – could be determined with 95% confidence intervals of 0.4‰ and 0.5‰, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.