bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health and well‐being of young people who attend secondary school in Aotearoa, New Zealand: What has changed from 2001 to 2007?
Authors: Denny Simon J , Grant Sue , Utter Jennifer , Robinson Elizabeth M , Fleming Theresa M , Milfont Taciano L , Crengle Sue , Clark Terryann , Ameratunga Shanthi N , Dixon Robyn , Merry Sally , Herd Ruth , Watson Peter 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  To describe the changes in the health and well‐being of secondary school students from 2001 to 2007.Methods:  A total of 9107 secondary school students were randomly selected to participate in a comprehensive health and well‐being survey using Internet tablets conducted in 2007. Comparisons are made with the first health and well‐being survey conducted in 2001.Results:  Students from 2007 reported good relationships with their families, people in their schools and neighbourhoods. Compared with the 2001 survey, students surveyed in 2007 were more likely to report positive mental health, better nutritional habits and higher levels of physical activity, and were less likely to report using tobacco and marijuana than students in 2001. In addition, the proportion of students who reported significant depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours had decreased since 2001. However, concerning proportions of students in 2007 reported: binge drinking, experience of physical and sexual abuse, and witnessing violence in their homes.Conclusion:  While students’ health and well‐being have significantly improved from 2001 to 2007, there remain significant areas of concern.
Comparison of two ventilator circuits for Dräger Babylog high‐frequency ventilation
Authors: Wheeler Kevin I , Moore Gregory P , Morley Colin J , Davis Peter G 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  The Dräger Babylog 8000plus ventilator (Dräger Medical Systems, Lübeck, Germany) can provide both conventional and high‐frequency ventilation (HFV). Dräger recommends specific circuits for each of these modes. We investigated the performance of the Babylog ventilator in HFV mode when used with the recommended circuits for both conventional and HFV.Methods:  The Fisher and Paykel RT235 (conventional; Fisher and Paykel Healthcare, Auckland, New Zealand) and Hytrel (HFV; Fisher and Paykel Healthcare) circuits were studied using a 50‐mL test lung. Tidal volume, high‐frequency minute volume and ventilator alarms were compared at 100 combinations of mean airway pressures (10–16 cm H2O), frequencies (6–14 Hz) and amplitudes (20–60%).Results:  Tidal volume with the two circuits differed by <5% for tidal volumes ≤2.5 mL. Above this, tidal volumes delivered with the HFV circuit were up to 15% more than that obtained with the conventional ventilation circuit, and high‐frequency minute volume differed by up to 30%. With the exception of the highest tidal/minute volumes, the tidal volume delivered using the HFV circuit could also be achieved with adjusted frequency or amplitude when using the conventional circuit. More ‘pressure measurement out of range’ alarms were noted with the conventional ventilation circuit, particularly at mean airway pressure ≥14 cm H2O and frequency ≤10 Hz.Conclusions:  The conventional ventilation circuit may allow delivery of adequate tidal volume for some infants. Where requirements are higher, the HFV circuit allows the Babylog to deliver higher tidal volumes and higher minute volume, and reduce alarms.
Antibiotics and observation have a similar impact on asymptomatic patients with a raised PSA
Authors: Heldwein Flavio L. , Teloken Patrick E. , Hartmann Antonio A. , Rhoden Ernani L. , Teloken Claudio 
Published: January 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?As PSA exhibits suboptimal specificity, different strategies have been proposed in order to decrease the number of negative biopsies. An empirical course of antibiotics has been proposed as a cost‐saving strategy to differentiate patients with benign cancer as it could potentially avoid unnecessary biopsies.Despite being limited by its non‐randomized open‐label design, our data suggest that no specific PSA reduction threshold can accurately discriminate prostate cancer. The empirical use of antibiotics for asymptomatic patients with elevated PSA levels should be discouraged.OBJECTIVES
To compare the influence of a 4‐week course of empirical antimicrobial therapy or observation on the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels of asymptomatic patients with a raised baseline PSA.
To identify whether a decrease in PSA can predict the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) detection on prostate biopsy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients were referred to our ambulatory centre because of a raised PSA level (>2.5 ng/mL) with a normal digital rectal examination. A 12‐core prostate biopsy was indicated in these patients and they were offered antibiotic treatment with levofloxacin 500 mg daily for 30 days.
Patients who did not agree to use antibiotics but who still showed interest in participating underwent simple observation, serving as controls.
Total and free PSA levels at baseline and after 45 days were measured. Variation in PSA level was calculated.
All patients underwent a 12‐core prostate biopsy 6 weeks after the initial visit.
RESULTS
In all, 245 men were enrolled, but 43 were lost due to follow‐up. A total of 145 patients who used antibiotics and 57 controls were included in the analysis.
The median baseline PSA levels were 7.6 and 7.7 ng/mL in the antibiotic and control groups, respectively, with median follow‐up levels of 6.8 and 7.0 ng/mL. The follow‐up PSA level was significantly lower than the initial PSA level (P = 0.009).
Mean absolute and percentage variation in PSA level were similar in both groups (P = 0.828 and 0.128, respectively).
The overall PCa detection rate was 15.8%, and did not differ among the groups (P = 0.203). Regarding the percentage variation in PSA level, patients diagnosed with PCa tended to have their PSA level increased (22.4 vs –5.3%; P = 0.001). Indeed, a decrease of 20% in PSA was not predictive of a negative prostate biopsy (P = 0.41).
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for percentage PSA variation as a predictor of PCa was 0.660.
CONCLUSIONS
PSA levels tend to fall when repeated after 45 days, regardless of antibiotic use.
Despite being associated with the chance of PCa, no percentage PSA variation threshold value exhibits satisfactory discriminatory properties.
Alterations in HbA1c with advancing age in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: Chandigarh Urban Diabetes Study (CUDS)
Authors: RaviKumar P. , Bhansali A. , Walia R. , Shanmugasundar G. , Ravikiran M. 
Published: January 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 590–594 (2011)AbstractObjective  To study the alterations in HbA1c with advancing age in subjects with normal glucose tolerance.Methods  Community‐based cross‐sectional study involving 2368 subjects aged ≥ 20 years from Chandigarh, India. All the subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g anhydrous glucose and were classified as having normal glucose tolerance, pre‐diabetes or diabetes according to World Health Organization 1999 criteria. HbA1c was measured on a National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program‐certified Bio‐Rad D‐10 system and the data were available for 1972 subjects.Results  Out of 1972 subjects, 1317 (67%) subjects had normal glucose tolerance. There was a significant positive correlation between mean HbA1c and age in these subjects (r = 0.308, Ptrend < 0.001). The increase in HbA1c with each advancing year was 0.01% above the age of 20 years and corrected HbA1c (%) for age was 5.09 + 0.01 (age). The 95th percentile of HbA1c exceeded 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) (the American Diabetes Association cut‐off for diagnosis of diabetes) in subjects aged ≥ 70 years. A significantly higher number (6.5%, 21/325) of subjects had HbA1c of ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) in those above the age of 50 years compared with those below the age of 50 years (1.7%, 17/992) in the group with normal glucose tolerance (P < 0.001). On multivariate regression analysis, after adjusting for BMI, fasting plasma glucose and 2‐h plasma glucose post‐glucose load, the correlation of HbA1c with age still remained significant (r = 0.241, P < 0.01).Conclusion  HbA1c increases with advancing age independent of glycaemia, suggesting caution when seeking to achieve the recommended HbA1c targets in the elderly population.
The association between anxiety and measures of glycaemia in a population‐based diabetes screening programme
Authors: Aujla N. , Davies M. J. , Skinner T. C. , Gray L. J. , Webb D. R. , Srinivasan B. , Khunti K. 
Published: January 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 785–788 (2011)AbstractAim  To investigate associations between anxiety and measures of glycaemia in a White European and South Asian population attending community‐based diabetes screening.Methods  In total, 4688 White European and 1353 South Asian participants (aged 40–75 years) without a previous diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c measurement, detailed history, anthropometric measurements and completed the short‐form Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory.Results  Anxiety was significantly higher in South Asian participants (mean 34.1; sd 0.37) compared with White European participants (mean 29.8; sd 0.13). Significant correlations were not identified between anxiety and fasting (r = −0.01, P = 0.75), 2‐h glucose (r = −0.10, P = 0.24) or HbA1c (r = 0.01, P = 0.40).Conclusions  Anxiety levels at screening were greater among South Asian people. Fasting, 2‐h plasma glucose and HbA1c are not affected by anxiety during screening tests for diabetes. Current and proposed screening methods for diagnosis of diabetes are not affected by anxiety at screening.
Inflation Dynamics in the New EU Member States: How Relevant Are External Factors?
Authors: Mihailov Alexander , Rumler Fabio , Scharler Johann 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper we evaluate the relative influence of external versus domestic inflation drivers in the 12 new European Union (EU) member countries. Our empirical analysis is based on the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) derived in Galí and Monacelli (2005) for small open economies (SOE). Employing the generalized method of moments (GMM), we find that the SOE NKPC is well supported in the new EU member states. We also find that the inflation process is dominated by domestic variables in the larger countries of our sample, whereas external variables are mostly relevant in the smaller countries.
Stock Market Integration between Three CEECs, Russia, and the UK
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Spagnolo Nicola 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper estimates a trivariate VAR‐GARCH(1,1)‐in‐mean model to examine linkages between the stock markets of three Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs), specifically the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, and both the UK and Russia. The adopted framework allows to analyze interdependence by estimating volatility spillovers, and also contagion by testing for possible shifts in the transmission of volatility following the introduction of the euro and EU accession. Further evidence on possible changes in the transmission mechanism (namely, on whether there is contagion) can be obtained by examining the conditional correlations implied by the estimated model over different time periods. The empirical findings suggest that there is significant co‐movement (interdependence) of these CEEC markets with both the Russian and the UK ones. Furthermore, whilst the introduction of the euro has had mixed effects, EU accession has resulted in an increase in volatility spillovers between the three CEECs considered and the UK (contagion).
The Relationship between Bullying Roles and Children's Everyday Dyadic Interactions
Authors: Murphy Suzanne , Faulkner Dorothy 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the behaviour and communication of seven‐ to eight‐year‐old children during a dyadic computer task. The children participating were identified by peers as: (1) initiators of bullying (‘bullies’); (2) defenders of those victimised (‘defenders’); and (3) those who generally do not take on a consistent role in relation to bullying (‘non‐role’ children). Children were videotaped during the task and the interaction was coded, 34 dyads participated. Defenders used significantly higher levels of supportive communication such as explanation and guidance than bullies. The task performance of dyads consisting of defenders with non‐role children was significantly superior to that of dyads comprising bullies plus non‐role children. The behaviour of the non‐role children was influenced according to whether they were working with a bully, a defender or another non‐role child. The study suggests that the roles that children adopt in relation to bullying influence their behaviour in other, non‐bullying contexts.
Predictors of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior in an Adolescent Sports Context
Authors: Rutten Esther A. , Schuengel Carlo , Dirks Evelien , Stams Geert Jan J. M. , Biesta Gert J. J. , Hoeksma Jan B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study examined antisocial and prosocial behavior of N = 439 adolescent athletes between 14 and 17 years of age (67 teams). Multi‐level analyses showed that team membership explained 20 and 13 percent of the variance in antisocial and prosocial behavior in the sports context, respectively. The team effects suggest that aggregating antisocial or prosocial adolescents within teams may partially explain differences in antisocial and prosocial behavior among athletes in the sports context. A trend was found toward a relation between higher levels of moral reasoning within teams, and less antisocial behavior in the sports context. Favorable moral atmosphere was positively associated with more prosocial behavior in the sports context. Finally, supportive coach–athlete relationships were associated with both less antisocial and more prosocial behavior in the sports context.
REVIEWS
Authors: Phillips O. Hood 
Published: January 2011

Minimum Standards of Judicial Administration. Edited by Arthur T. Vanderbilt.American Administrative Law. By Bernard Schwartz, ll.m. (Harv.)The Sense of Injustice. By Edmond N. CahnLiving Law of Democratic Society. By Jerome HallFederal Rules of Criminal Procedure. With Notes and Institute Proceedings. Edited by Honorable Alexander Holtzoff.Relations between the Federal and State Courts. By Mitchell WendellSistema Y Filosofia Del Derecho Internacional Privado. By Werner Goldschmidt. 2 vols.The Law of Quasi‐Contracts. By John H. MunkmanBullen and Leake's Precedents of Pleadings. Tenth Edition. By His Honour Judge Kirkhouse JenkinsPhipson's Manual of the Law of Evidence for the Use of Students. Seventh Edition. By Sir Roland BurrowsUnderhill's Law of Torts. Sixteenth Edition. By Ralph SuttonLearning the Law. By Glanville L. WilliamsLaw and Conduct of the Legal Profession in New South Wales. By R. C. TeecePatriarcha. By Sir Robert Filmer. Edited by P. Laslett.Beiträge zum Zivilprozessrecht. Festgabe zum 70. Geburtstage von Leo Rosenberg.The Trial of German Major War Criminals. Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal, sitting at Nuremberg, Germany.History of the United Nations War Crimes Commission. Compiled by the United Nations War Crimes Commission.Luftrecht. By Otto Riese.Schweizerisches Jahrbuch für Internationales Recht.Under God and the Law. Papers read to The Thomas More Society of London. Second Series.Report of the International Law Commission Covering its First Session.Ways and Means of Making the Evidence of Customary International Law More Readily Available.The Charter and Judgment of the Nürnberg Tribunal.Historical Survey of the Question of International Criminal Jurisdiction.Preparatory Study Concerning a Draft Declaration on the Rights and Duties of States.The Office and Duties of the Director of Public Prosecutions. By Sir Theobald MathewThe British Journal of Delinquency. Vol. I. No. 1. July, 1950.Planning and Compensation Reports. Edited by John BurkeInternational Monetary Fund. Annual Report of the Executive Directors for the Fiscal Year ended April 30th, 1949.Slater's Mercantile Law. 12th Edition. By R. W. Holland and R. H. Code HollandThe Export Trade. Second edition. By Clive M. SchmitthoffAnnual Review of United Nations Affairs, 1949. Edited by Clyde EagletonPollock's Principles of Contract. 13th Edition. By Sir Percy H. WinfieldThe Court of Appeal in England. By Sir Raymond Evershed, Master of the Rolls.Memorandum on the Present Confused State of the Divorce Law.The Lawyer's Companion and Diary, 1951. Part I, by Ernest L. Buck. Part II, by Leslie C. E. Turner.
REVIEWS
Authors: Campbell A. H. , Fridman G. H. L. , Phillips O. Hood , Yardley D. C. M. , de Smith S. A. , Joiinson D. H. N. , Coiin E. J. , Hudson A. H. , Coiin E. J. , Lonsdale Allister , Fridman G. H. L. , Hammelmann H. A. 
Published: January 2011

The Advocate's Devil. By C. P. Harvey, Q. C.Problems Of Legal Philosophy. By Frede Castberg, Professor Of Constitutional And International Law At The University Of Oslo, Rector Of The University.THE PROBLEM OF DIVORCE. By R. S. W. POLLARD.The Composition Of Legislation. By Elmer A. Driedger, Q. C., B. A., LL. B., Of The Saskatchewan Bar; Assistant Deputy Minister And Parliamentary Counsel, Department Of Justice, Ottawa.The Bill Of Rights: The Oliver Wendell Holmes Lectures, 1958. By Learned Hand.Free Elections. By W. J. M. Mackenzie, Professor Of Government In The Victoria University Of Manchester.International Institutions. By Paul Reuter. Translated From The French By J. M. Chapman.The Occupation Of Enemy Territory. A Commentary On The Law And Practice Of Belligerent Occupation. By Gerhard Von Glahn.The Sale Of Goods. By P. S. Atiyah, B. A., B. C. L.Anti‐Trust In Perspective. The Complementary Roles Of Rule And Discretion. By Milton Handler, Professor Of Law, Columbia University.Personal Property. Second Edition. By J. Crossley Vaines, LL. M.The Law Of Tort: A Treatise On The Law Of Civil Wrongs. Fifth Edition. By S. Ramaswamy Iyer, B. A., B. L., Senior Advocate Of The Supreme Court Of India.The Proof Of Guilt. A Study Of The English Criminal Trial. By Glanville Williams. (The Hamlyn Lectures, Seventh Series). Second Edition.
Reviews
Authors: Marshall Geoffrey , Phillips O. Hood , de Smith S. A. , Yardley D. C. M. , Garner J. F. , Nokes G. D. , Hammelmann H. A. , McClean J. D. , Allott A. N. , Jackson Paul , Greek L. C. , Mann F. A. , Boyle A. J. , Dowrick F. E. , Blair L. , Lazar Leonard , Fridman G. H. L. , Mann F. A. , Cohn E. J. , Garner J. F. , Harvey C. P. , Garner J. F. , Andrews J. A. , Garner J. F. 
Published: January 2011

Australian Federal Politics and Law By Geoffrey Sawer.The Constitutions of the Australian States. By R. D. Lumb.The New Commonwealth and its Constitutions. By S. A. de Smith, Professor of Public Law in the University of London.The Constitution of India. By Trimbak Krishna Tope, Principal, Government Law College, Bombay.The Commerce Power in Canada and the United States. By Alexander Smith.Administrative Law: The Informal Process. By Peter Woll.Crime and the Criminal Law. By Barbara Wootton.The Magistrates' Courts. By F. T. Giles, LL.B.The Habitual Prisoner. An Enquiry by the Cambridge Institute of Criminology. Carried out by Dr. D. J. West, M.D., D.P.M., Assistant Director of Research.The Short‐term Prisoner. A study in Forensic Psychology. By R. G. Andry, M.A., PH.D. With a Foreword by Professor Hermann Mannheim.The Penal Codes of Northern Nigeria and the Sudan. By Alan Gledhill, M.A., LL.D., I.C.S. (Retd.)The Criminal Law and Procedure of Lagos, Eastern Nigeria and Western Nigeria. By Sir Lionel Brett and Ian McLean.The Homicide Act. By Christopher Hollis.The Law Relating to Commercial Letters of Credit. By A. G. Davis, LL.D. (Lond.) Solicitor. Third edition.The Law of International Waterways, with particular regard to interoceanic canals. By R. R. Baxter.Asian African Legal Consultative Committee: Fifth Session. Rangoon, 1962.Legal History: Law and Social Change. By Frederick G. Kempin, Jr. [New Jersey: Prentice‐Hall Inc. 1963.Jurisprudence: Readings and Cases. By Mark R. MacGuigan, PH.D., J.S.D., Associate Professor of Law in the University of Toronto.The Machinery of Justice. By Lewis Mayers.Maasdorp's Institutes of South African Law. Vol. IV. Seventh edition. By C. G. Hall, Q.C.Accident Claims. The Doorstep Series: No. 10. By Philip Asterley Jones, Solicitor.Legal Status of Government Merchant Ships. By Thamarap‐pallil Kochu Thommen.Partei‐Justiz. Eine vergleichende Dokumentation über den nationalsozialistischen und kommunistischen Rechtsmissbrauch in Deutschland 1933–1963.Community Planning. A Casebook on Law and Administration. Edited by J. B. Milner, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto.The Machinery of Justice in England. By R. M. Jackson. Fourth edition.Study Guide to Real Property. By Peter B. Keenan.Study Guide to Equity. By Peter B. Keenan and D. M. E. Evans.Registers and Records. Oyez Practice Notes: No. 49. By Trevor M. Aldridge, M.A., Solicitor.
Localized Wegener’s granulomatosis
Authors: Marzano A.V. , Balice Y. , Papini M. , Testa R. , Berti E. , Crosti C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is a rare granulomatous necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium vessels which has predilection for upper airways, lungs and kidney. However, any other organ, including the skin and oral cavity, can be involved. Although mucocutaneous lesions are relatively common, they have only rarely been reported as localized manifestation of the disease.Objectives  Our aim was to evaluate the type and sites of skin and mucosal lesions, clinical course and response to treatment, histologic features and laboratory findings in localized WG.Methods  The medical records of three patients (two women and one man) with localized WG followed up at our hospitals for a mean time of 10 years were studied.Results  All patients presented with facial plaques infiltrating the nasal and palatal mucosae and cartilages and, in one case, perforating the palatal bone. Anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, which are the marker for multisystem WG, were negative. The disease, refractory to various immunosuppressants, responded well, albeit incompletely, to prednisone plus cyclophosphamide.Limitations  The limited number of patients is counterbalanced by the rarity of the disease.Conclusions  Our cases may represent a rare distinctive subset of WG limited to the facial region and upper airway mucosa but showing a locally aggressive behaviour leading to cartilage and bony destruction.