bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Janus kinase‐dependent Bcl‐xL overexpression in steroid resistance of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in asthma
Authors: Shimora Hayato , Matsuda Masaya , Nakayama Yukiko , Maeyama Hiroto , Tanioka Ryunosuke , Tanaka Yoshiyuki , Kitatani Kazuyuki , Nabe Takeshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the development of steroid resistance in asthma remain unclear. To establish whether as well as the mechanisms by which the activation of Janus kinases (JAKs) is involved in the development of steroid resistance in asthma, murine steroid‐resistant models of the proliferation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in vitro and asthmatic airway inflammation in vivo were analysed. ILC2s in the lungs of BALB/c mice were sorted and then incubated with IL‐33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and/or IL‐7 with or without dexamethasone (10 nM), the pan‐JAK inhibitor, delgocitinib (1–10 000 nM), and/or the Bcl‐xL inhibitor, navitoclax (1–100 nM), followed by the detection of viable and apoptotic cells. The anti‐apoptotic factor, Bcl‐xL was detected in ILC2s by flow cytometry. As a steroid‐resistant asthma model, ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized BALB/c mice were intratracheally challenged with OVA at a high dose of 500 μg four times. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.), delgocitinib (3–30 mg/kg, p.o.), or navitoclax (30 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered during the challenges. Cellular infiltration into the lungs was analysed by flow cytometry. Airway remodelling was histologically evaluated. The following results were obtained. (1) Cell proliferation concomitant with a decrease in apoptotic cells was induced when ILC2s were cultured with TSLP and/or IL‐7, and was potently inhibited by dexamethasone. In contrast, when the culture with TSLP and IL‐7 was performed in the presence of IL‐33, the proliferative response exhibited steroid resistance. Steroid‐resistant ILC2 proliferation was suppressed by delgocitinib in a concentration‐dependent manner. (2) The culture with IL‐33, TSLP, and IL‐7 induced the overexpression of Bcl‐xL, which was clearly inhibited by delgocitinib, but not by dexamethasone. When ILC2s were treated with navitoclax, insensitivity to dexamethasone was significantly cancelled. (3) The development of airway remodelling and the infiltration of ILC2s into the lungs in the asthma model were not suppressed by dexamethasone, but were dose‐dependently inhibited by delgocitinib. Combination treatment with dexamethasone and either delgocitinib or navitoclax synergistically suppressed these responses. Therefore, JAKs appear to play significant roles in the induction of steroid resistance by up‐regulating Bcl‐xL in ILC2s. The inhibition of JAKs and Bcl‐xL has potential as pharmacotherapy for steroid‐resistant asthma, particularly that mediated by ILC2s.
Multiple Pleistocene refugia for Arctic Bell‐Heather revealed with genomic analyses of modern and historic plants
Authors: Elphinstone Cassandra , Hernández Fernando , Todesco Marco , Légaré Jean‐Sébastien , Cheung Winnie , Sokoloff Paul C. , Hofgaard Annika , Christiansen Casper T. , Frei Esther R. , Lévesque Esther , Daskalova Gergana N. , Thomas Haydn J. D. , Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Harris Jacob A. , Saarela Jeffery M. , May Jeremy L. , Obst Joachim , Boike Julia , Clark Karin , MacIntosh Katie , Betway‐May Katlyn R. , Case Liam , Björkman Mats P. , Moody Michael L. , Schmidt Niels Martin , Molgaard Per , Björk Robert G. , Hollister Robert D. , Bull Roger D. , Agger Sofie , Maire Vincent , Henry Greg H. R. , Rieseberg Loren H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimArctic plants survived the Pleistocene glaciations in unglaciated refugia. The number, ages, and locations of these refugia are often unclear. We use high‐resolution genomic data from present‐day and Little‐Ice‐Age populations of Arctic Bell‐Heather to re‐evaluate the biogeography of this species and determine whether it had multiple independent refugia or a single refugium in Beringia.LocationCircumpolar Arctic and Coastal British Columbia (BC) alpine.Taxon
Cassiope tetragona L., subspecies saximontana and tetragona, outgroup C. mertensiana (Ericaceae).MethodsWe built genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) libraries using Cassiope tetragona tissue from 36 Arctic locations, including two ~250‐ to 500‐year‐old populations collected under glacial ice on Ellesmere Island, Canada. We assembled a de novo GBS reference to call variants. Population structure, genetic diversity and demography were inferred from PCA, ADMIXTURE, fastsimcoal2, SplitsTree, and several population genomics statistics.ResultsPopulation structure analyses identified 4–5 clusters that align with geographic locations. Nucleotide diversity was highest in Beringia and decreased eastwards across Canada. Demographic coalescent analyses dated the following splits with Alaska: BC subspecies saximontana (5 mya), Russia (~1.4 mya), Europe (>200–600 kya), and Greenland (~60 kya). Northern Canada populations appear to have formed during the current interglacial (7–9 kya). Admixture analyses show genetic variants from Alaska appear more frequently in present‐day than historic plants on Ellesmere Island.ConclusionsPopulation and demographic analyses support BC, Alaska, Russia, Europe and Greenland as all having had independent Pleistocene refugia. Northern Canadian populations appear to be founded during the current interglacial with genetic contributions from Alaska, Europe and Greenland. We found evidence, on Ellesmere Island, for continued recent gene flow in the last 250–500 years. These results suggest that a re‐analysis of other Arctic species with shallow population structure using higher resolution genomic markers and demographic analyses may help reveal deeper structure and other circumpolar glacial refugia.
Risk factors for gingival invagination: A retrospective study
Authors: Han M. , Li S. H. , Yao Y. , Zhao Yijiao , You L. P. , Zheng Q. , Xu X. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify the risk factors for gingival invagination during orthodontic treatment after premolar extraction.Materials and MethodsThe medical records of 135 patients who had undergone interdental space closure after premolar extraction were collected, and cone beam computed tomography was performed to determine the presence of gingival invagination. The risk factors were examined using mixed‐effects models and generalized propensity score weighting (GPSW) to develop a predictive model.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that the extraction site, buccal bone thickness 4 mm apical to the cemento‐enamel junction (MB1), mid‐root buccal bone thickness (MB2) and vertical skeletal relationships were related to gingival invagination (p < .05). Furthermore, a subsequent multivariable mixed‐effects model analysis indicated a significantly increased risk of gingival invagination at MB1 < 1 mm (p < .001; odds ratio [ORMB1≤0.5mm] = 29.304; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.986–93.807; OR0.5<MB1<1mm = 22.309; 95% CI: 9.890–50.320). Row mixing model analysis performed after balancing covariates using GPSW showed that MB1 and vertical skeletal relationships were associated with gingival invagination (p < .05) with an increase in ORs. Therefore, in addition to MB1, the risk of gingival invagination is higher in hyperdivergent and normodivergent patients. During the establishment and internal validation of the predictive model, the area under the curve for all three models exceeded 0.7.ConclusionsThe risk of gingival invagination is higher in patients with MB1 < 1 mm and in normodivergent or hyperdivergent patients.
Sticky price for declining risk? Business strategies with “behavioral” customers in the hotel industry
Authors: Lacetera Nicola , Piga Claudio A. , Zirulia Lorenzo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing data from about 25 million hotel room postings in four countries, we document that rather than decreasing to zero as the likelihood of cancellation declines, the difference between the prices for refundable and nonrefundable reservations remains positive at roughly 10%–15% of the full price. A model where travelers have different willingness to pay and some of them overestimate the probability to cancel their trip explains these price‐setting patterns more consistently than alternative interpretations. We denote these business strategies as naiveté‐based price discrimination. Our data and theory, therefore, show that this form of apparent inertial behavior of companies regarding a major strategic variable can be an intentional managerial choice. We demonstrate, finally, that this profit‐enhancing commitment to limited flexibility may also benefit customers in some cases, by expanding the reach of the market. Thus, strategies that rely on cognitive biases on the demand side may not necessarily exploit consumers.
Regionalizing the supply chain in process life cycle inventory with multiregional input–output data: An implementation for ecoinvent with EXIOBASE
Authors: Peng Sidi , Pfister Stephan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLife cycle inventory (LCI) databases, such as ecoinvent, are crucial for life cycle assessment (LCA), but lack country‐specific resolution in activity details and trade between regional activities in the supply chain. For example, ecoinvent only provides rest‐of‐world and European datasets for photovoltaic panel production, consuming the same global consumption mix of photovoltaic cells. Global or continental activities and trade limit the use of existing country activities, such as electricity production, and the accuracy and granularity of LCA results. We addressed this issue by disaggregating ecoinvent's global and continental unit processes to the country level and by regionalizing trade using country‐sector‐specific consumption mixes of product origins from the multiregional input–output table EXIOBASE. This produced a consistently regionalized ecoinvent at country level. Comparing the climate change impacts of 195,708 non‐market datasets in our regionalized ecoinvent with reference datasets in ecoinvent reveals manufacturing sectors as the most affected. The study of photovoltaic panel production shows that the differences in climate change impacts are mainly due to the different country‐specific suppliers of components and their electricity mixes, which are lost in the aggregated original data. The water consumption impacts of wheat production show the country differences only when regionalized CFs are applied, indicating that regionalized biosphere and technosphere flow amounts are needed for better results. The mapping quality between ecoinvent and EXIOBASE and inconsistent market definitions were discussed along with further limitations. Our study highlights the potential of incorporating better trade information and regional disaggregation in LCI databases to improve the LCA outcomes.
Behavioural phenotype of SYNGAP1‐related intellectual disability
Authors: Kranak M. P. , Rooker G. , Smith‐Hicks C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSYNGAP1‐ related intellectual disability (SYNGAP1‐ID) is a rare genetic disorder presenting with intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, maladaptive behaviours and communication challenges. To date, few studies have assessed the context in which these maladaptive behaviours occur. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of problem behaviours, characterise the behavioural phenotype and use well‐validated measures to explore variables that maintain the behaviours.MethodsOur sample includes 19 individuals diagnosed with SYNGAP1‐ID and their parents. Parents provided information on behaviours that their children engage in, as well as their general behavioural dispositions. Well‐validated measures (e.g., the Repetitive Behaviour Scale‐Revised, Sensory Profile‐2 and Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale) were used. A subset of individuals underwent further direct experimental assessment of their problem behaviour to identify the variables maintaining those problem behaviours. Parental reports were analysed using nonparametric statistical analysis; the direct assessments of individuals' problem behaviour were analysed using visual analysis and validated supplemental measures.ResultsAll 19 individuals engaged in some form of maladaptive problem behaviour. Ratings of ritualistic, sameness and restricted behaviours measured by the RBS‐R were commensurate with individuals diagnosed with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) while self‐injurious behaviours were endorsed at a higher level in SYNGAP1‐ID when compared with idiopathic ASD. The problem behaviours in our cohort of patients with SYNGAP1‐ID were maintained by automatic reinforcement and social attention and are positively correlated with atypical sensory responses.ConclusionsIndividuals with SYNGAP1‐ID engage in problem behaviours commensurate with other populations (e.g., those with ASD), they exhibit atypical response to sensory stimuli. Problem behaviours were frequently maintained by automatic reinforcement, which may result from a dysregulated sensory system. Children with SYNGAP1‐ID may benefit from strategies used in persons with ASD.
Monetary Policy and Welfare with Heterogeneous Firms and Endogenous Entry
Authors: COOKE DUDLEY , DAMJANOVIC TATIANA 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper studies monetary policy and welfare in a sticky wage New Keynesian model with heterogeneous firms and endogenously variable markups. We show that stabilizing nominal wages is optimal only when product creation is based on an instantaneous zero‐profit condition and when the aggregate markup is constant. A constant markup requires strong selection effects generated by a Pareto firm‐level productivity distribution. When product creation is based on a dynamic zero‐profit condition optimal monetary policy accounts for the distribution of firms and the welfare loss from stabilizing nominal wages is between and 0.2% of steady‐state consumption.
Uncovering the digital payment divide: Understanding the importance of cash for groups at risk
Authors: van der Cruijsen Carin , Reijerink Jelmer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe transition to digital payments is an ongoing trend, yet cash remains important for a substantial and diverse group of individuals. This emerges from a study using rich payment diary data of Dutch consumers. A total of 7% of the respondents report always using cash at points of sale and 28% indicate they cannot do without cash. Cash is especially important for people with low digital literacy, people who are blind or visually impaired, people with limited or no hand function, people with a mild intellectual disability and people who find it difficult to make ends meet on their income. Even though many parties involved in the payment industry are developing their payment solutions to enhance accessibility for a broader audience, there will continue to be people for whom the use of digital payments poses significant challenges. It is therefore essential that cash remains accessible and available.
Influence on the temporomandibular joint induced by mandibular malpositioning caused by vertical dimension elevation and occlusal loss in adult rats: An imaging, histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Wang Yue , Gao Wenmo , Liang Chao , Jia Fangwen , Geng Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMandibular malpositioning may result in an abnormal concentration of stresses within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adult rats, which may further lead to a series of pathological changes, such as articular cartilage wear, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation. However, the pathological and adaptive changes in condylar cartilage caused by different stress distributions are still controversial.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to observe the effect of sagittal changes in mandibular position on condylar cartilage by changing the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in adult rats.MethodsFifteen‐week‐old female rats were divided into three groups: control (CON), increased OVD (iOVD) and loss of occlusion (LO) groups. An occlusal plate and tooth extraction were used to establish the animal model. TMJ samples of the experimental and CON groups were observed and investigated by bone morphological, histomorphological and immunohistochemical staining analyses at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Weight curves were plotted.ResultsMicro‐computed tomography showed that, compared with the CON group, cartilage destruction followed by repair occurred in both experimental groups, which was similar to the trend observed in haematoxylin‐eosin staining. All experimental results for the iOVD group showed an approximately similar time trend. Compared with the iOVD group, the toluidine blue and immunohistochemical staining results in the LO group showed no obvious change trend over time.ConclusionCompared with occlusal loss, an increase in OVD caused faster and more severe damage to condylar cartilage, and subchondral bone repair occurred later.
REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD): Personal perspectives and research priorities
Authors: Schenck Carlos H. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe formal identification and naming of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) in 1985–1987 is described; the historical background of RBD from 1966 to 1985 is briefly discussed; and RBD milestones are presented. Current knowledge on RBD is identified with reference to recent comprehensive reviews, allowing for a focus on research priorities for RBD: factors and predictors of neurodegenerative phenoconversion from isolated RBD and patient enrolment in neuroprotective trials; isolated RBD clinical research cohorts; epidemiology of RBD; traumatic brain injury, post‐traumatic stress disorder, RBD and neurodegeneration; depression, RBD and synucleinopathy; evolution of prodromal RBD to neurodegeneration; gut microbiome dysbiosis and colonic synuclein histopathology in isolated RBD; other alpha‐synuclein research in isolated RBD; narcolepsy‐RBD; dreams and nightmares in RBD; phasic REM sleep in isolated RBD; RBD, periodic limb movements, periodic limb movement disorder pseudo‐RBD; other neurophysiology research in RBD; cardiac scintigraphy (123I‐MIBG) in isolated RBD; brain magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in isolated RBD; microRNAs as biomarkers in isolated RBD; actigraphic, other automated digital monitoring and machine learning research in RBD; prognostic counselling and ethical considerations in isolated RBD; and REM sleep basic science research. RBD research is flourishing, and is strategically situated at an ever‐expanding crossroads of clinical (sleep) medicine, neurology, psychiatry and neuroscience.
Courts against backsliding: Lessons from Latin America
Authors: Gamboa Laura , García‐Holgado Benjamín , González‐Ocantos Ezequiel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe recent wave of autocratization in Latin America has put courts at the center of debates about regime and regime change. Much of the literature on the judicial politics of democratic backsliding focuses on incumbents' efforts to capture judiciaries and weaponize them against the regime. Our approach is different. We provide illustrations of independent courts in Argentina, Colombia and Mexico that successfully fought back when presidents pushed for reforms that jeopardized democratic stability. With the goal of furthering our knowledge of how judges can also complicate autocratization, the paper thus focuses on a type of horizontal accountability intervention that we refer to as “constitutional balancing.” We also shed light on the reasons why constitutional balancing is well‐equipped to slow down or stop backsliding via a comparison with another type of horizontal accountability intervention: public administration policing. These interventions are increasingly common in Latin America, usually in the form of high‐profile corruption prosecutions. Unlike constitutional balancing, however, public administration policing has proven highly disruptive, and ultimately unable to settle regime‐threatening political conflict.
Cryptic hybridization between the ancient lineages of Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri)
Authors: Josić Darija , Çoraman Emrah , Waurick Isabelle , Franzenburg Sören , Ancillotto Leonardo , Bajić Branka , Budinski Ivana , Dietz Christian , Görföl Tamás , Hayden Bofill Sofia I. , Presetnik Primož , Russo Danilo , Spada Martina , Zrnčić Vida , Blom Mozes P. K. , Mayer Frieder 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudying hybrid zones that form between morphologically cryptic taxa offers valuable insights into the mechanisms of cryptic speciation and the evolution of reproductive barriers. Although hybrid zones have long been the focus of evolutionary studies, the awareness of cryptic hybrid zones increased recently due to rapidly growing evidence of biological diversity lacking obvious phenotypic differentiation. The characterization of cryptic hybrid zones with genome‐wide analysis is in its early stages and offers new perspectives for studying population admixture and thus the impact of gene flow. In this study, we investigate the population genomics of the Myotis nattereri complex in one of its secondary contact zones, where a putative hybrid zone is formed between two of its cryptic lineages. By utilizing a whole‐genome shotgun sequencing approach, we aim to characterize this cryptic hybrid zone in detail. Demographic analysis suggests that the cryptic lineages diverged during the Pliocene, c. 3.6 million years ago. Despite this ancient separation, the populations in the contact zone exhibit mitochondrial introgression and a considerable amount of mixing in nuclear genomes. The genomic structure of the populations corresponds to geographic locations and the genomic admixture changes along a geographic gradient. These findings suggest that there is no effective hybridization barrier between both lineages, nevertheless, their population structure is shaped by dispersal barriers. Our findings highlight how such deeply diverged cryptic lineages can still readily hybridize in secondary contact.
Preferences for livestock bedding as a development substrate of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitransL. (Diptera: Muscidae), and potential application of entomopathogenic nematodes for controlling stable fly larvae
Authors: Khwanket Niyaporn , Tainchum Krajana , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap , Ngoen‐Klan Ratchadawan , Noosidum Atirach 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a significant insect pest with global veterinary implications due to its capacity to both cause nuisance and transmit disease‐causing pathogens to livestock. This study aimed to determine the livestock bedding preferred for use as a development substrate by S. calcitrans larvae and field‐collected adults. The result showed that S. calcitrans larvae exhibited a preference (26.7%) for 7‐day‐old cow manure. Gravid females displayed a pronounced preference (55.0%) for fresh cow manure. As there were eight choices, indifference would result in 12.5% for each bedding substrate. Furthermore, the efficacy of four entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), namely Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar), Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), Steinernema siamkayai Poinar, Karunakar & David and Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), against S. calcitrans larvae and the persistence after application to livestock bedding substrates were evaluated under laboratory conditions. In filter paper bioassays, all four EPNs caused 76.7%–100.0% mortality in the second instar larvae of S. calcitrans when applied at 50 and 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/cm2 within 5 days after exposure. For the third instar larvae of S. calcitrans, only H. indica induced high mortalities of 86.6% when applied at 100 IJs/cm2 within 5 days after exposure, while the other EPNs resulted in mortalities of less than 70%. The data further demonstrated that H. bacteriophora, H. indica and S. siamkayai remained present in the substrates linked to S. calcitrans larvae for as long as 7 days after the application of EPNs. This study demonstrates the potential of EPNs as a biologically based control agent against larvae of S. calcitrans, a serious pest and significant vector for various livestock animals.