bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychodermatological disorders: recognition and treatment
Authors: Shenefelt Philip D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMany dermatological disorders have a psychosomatic or behavioral aspect. Skin and brain continually interact through psychoneuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms and through behaviors that can strongly affect the initiation or flaring of skin disorders. It is important to consider these mind‐body interactions when planning treatments for specific skin disorders in individual patients. Mind‐influencing therapeutic options that can enhance treatment of skin disorders include standard psychotropic drugs, alternative herbs and supplements, the placebo effect, suggestion, cognitive‐behavioral methods, biofeedback, and hypnosis. When individual measures do not produce the desired results, combinations of drugs or addition of non‐drug therapies may be more successful. Psychophysiological skin disorders may respond well to non‐drug and drug therapies that counteract stress. Treatment of primary psychiatric disorders often results in improvement of associated skin disorders. Psychiatric disorders secondary to skin disorders may also require treatment. Therapeutic options for each of these are discussed.
Universal perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis is not necessary in kidney transplantation
Authors: Laftavi Mark R. , Rostami Rezvan , Patel Sunil , Kohli Romesh , Laftavi Helia , Feng Lin , Said Meriem , Dayton Merril , Pankewycz Oleh 
Published: October 2011

Laftavi MR, Rostami R, Patel S, Kohli R, Laftavi H, Feng L, Said M, Dayton M, Pankewycz O. Universal perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis is not necessary in kidney transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01531.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Despite significant improvements in renal transplantation, certain basic issues remain unresolved such as the routine use of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP). To address the need for AMP, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical course of 442 consecutive renal transplant recipients (RTRs) who did not receive any AMP except for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Three hundred and forty RTRs received induction therapy with low‐dose rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin, while the other 102 patients were treated with basiliximab. All RTRs received tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, and prednisone. Nine patients (2%) developed surgical site infection (SSI). SSIs were more common in obese and older patients. All SSIs were superficial and responded well to wound drainage and outpatient antibiotic therapy. No patient or graft was lost owing to SSI. Our study shows that despite many predisposing factors, SSIs are rare following renal transplantation even in the absence of AMP. Therefore, to avoid the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens, excessive costs, and antibiotic‐related adverse events, we suggest that AMP should be used only in selected circumstances such as in recipients older than 65 yr or when the body mass index (BMI) is >35.
The downy mildew resistance locus Pp523 is located on chromosome C8 of Brassica oleracea L.
Authors: Carlier Jorge D. , Alabaça Claudia A. , Coelho Paula S. , Monteiro António A. , Leitão José M. 
Published: October 2011

With 2 figures and 1 tableAbstractWe have previously constructed a genetic map of Brassica oleracea L. containing the Pp523 locus that confers downy mildew resistance to adult plants. In this work, 44 SSR markers of reference for the Brassica C genome chromosomes were added to the map, allowing the nine major linkage groups to be assigned to the nine chromosomes of B. oleracea. Locus Pp523 was located on chromosome C8, and a locus determining flower colour was mapped to chromosome C3. In comparison with the first version of the map, the new map is denser and more compact. The available genomic information on B. oleracea was enriched with the chromosome location of two phenotypic traits and 421 DNA markers (RAPD, ISSR, AFLP, SCAR, BAC‐end derived STS, SSR and other PCR markers). Conversely, the genomic information on B. oleracea chromosome C8 is being used as an additional tool for the map‐based cloning of Pp523, the first gene for adult plant resistance to downy mildew precisely located to a specific chromosome of this crop species.
Timing of collision of the Kohistan–Ladakh Arc with India and Asia: Debate
Authors: REHMAN HAFIZ UR , SENO TETSUZO , YAMAMOTO HIROSHI , KHAN TAHSEENULLAH 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Kohistan–Ladakh Arc in the Himalaya–Karakoram region represents a complete section of an oceanic arc where the rocks from mantle to upper crustal levels are exposed. Generally this arc was regarded as of Jurassic–Cretaceous age and was welded to Asia and India by Northern and Southern Sutures respectively. Formation of this arc, timings of its collisions with Asia and India, and position of collision boundaries have always been controversial. Most authors consider that the arc collided with Asia first during 102–75 Ma and then with India during 55–50 Ma, whereas others suggest that the arc collided with India first at or before 61 Ma, and then the India–arc block collided with Asia ca 50 Ma. Recently published models of the later group leave several geological difficulties such as an extremely rapid drifting rate of the Indian Plate (30 ± 5 cm/year) northwards between 61–50 Ma, absence of a large ophiolite sequence and accretionary wedge along the Northern Suture, obduction of ophiolites and blueschists along the Southern Suture, and the occurrence of a marine depositional environment older than 52 Ma in the Indian Plate rocks south of the Southern Suture. We present a review based on geochemical, stratigraphic, structural, and paleomagnetic data to show that collision of the arc with Asia happened first and with India later.
Changes in communication skills of clinical residents through psychiatric training
Authors: Yutani Motoki , Takahashi Megumi , Miyaoka Hitoshi 
Published: October 2011

Aim:  The objective of this study was to clarify whether the communication skills (CS) of clinical residents change before and after psychiatric training and, if so, what factors are related to the change.Methods:  The 44 clinical residents who agreed to participate in this study were provided with an originally developed self‐accomplished questionnaire survey on CS (communication skills questionnaire [CSQ]) and a generally used questionnaire on self‐esteem, anxiety, and depressive mood considered to be related to CS at the start and end of a 2‐month psychiatric training session. Statistical analysis was conducted for the 34 residents who completed both questionnaires.Results:  The CSQ score (t[32]: −2.17, P < 0.05) and assertive CS score, a subfactor of the CSQ (t[32]: −2.74, P < 0.01), were improved after the training. The cooperative CS score also tended to increase after the training. The amounts of change in total CS score and cooperative CS score, which increased after the training, correlated positively with self‐esteem and negatively with anxiety and depressive tendency. The amount of change in assertive CS score showed a weakly positive correlation with self‐esteem.Conclusions:  The results suggested that CS, including assertive CS and cooperative CS, were improved by the psychiatric training. Increasing self‐esteem and reducing the tendency toward depression and anxiety are considered to be useful for further improving CS.
Possible effectiveness of intervention using a self‐teaching workbook in adolescent drug abusers detained in a juvenile classification home
Authors: Matsumoto Toshihiko , Chiba Yasuhiko , Imamura Fumi , Kobayashi Ohji , Wada Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2011

Aims:  The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the possible effectiveness of the juvenile version of the Serigaya Methamphetamine Relapse Prevention Program (SMARPP‐Jr.) self‐teaching workbook we developed for relapse prevention of drug abuse depends on the severity of the subject's drug‐related problems.Methods:  Subjects were 85 adolescent drug abusers who were detained in a juvenile classification home. We compared changes between the subjects' scores on rating scales administered both before and after interventions with the self‐teaching workbook, and we examined associations between the effectiveness of the intervention and the severity of the subjects' drug‐related problems.Results:  Regardless of the severity of their drug‐related problems, the subjects' rating scale scores were significantly different after the intervention, which suggests that use of the workbook increased their awareness of the problems caused by drug dependence and their motivation to obtain treatment. However, use of the workbook did not significantly change their confidence in their capacity to resist drug craving.Conclusion:  Although the self‐teaching workbook is a convenient intervention tool that can increase subject awareness and motivation for treatment, it is likely that continuous community‐based support systems are required to prevent relapse.
Biomass fuels and lung cancer
Authors: LIM WEI‐YEN , SEOW ADELINE 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIt is estimated that about 2.4 billion people around the world, or about 40% of the world's population, depend on biomass fuels (wood, charcoal, dung, crop residue) to meet their energy needs for cooking and heating. The burden is especially high in Asia. Studies suggest that levels of pollutants including particulate matter <10 µm and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons indoors in homes where biomass fuels are used far exceed levels recommended as safe. While in vitro and in vivo studies in animal models suggest that wood smoke emission extracts are mutagenic and carcinogenic, epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. In this review, we discuss possible carcinogenic mechanisms of action of biomass fuel emissions, summarize the biological evidence for carcinogenesis, and review the epidemiologic evidence in humans of biomass fuel emissions as a risk factor for lung cancer. Finally, we highlight some issues relevant for interpreting the epidemiologic evidence for the relationship between biomass fuel exposure and lung cancer: these include methodologic considerations and recognition of possible effect modification by genetic susceptibility, smoking status, age of exposure and histologic type.
High‐grade invasive urothelial carcinoma with focal plasmacytoid differentiation successfully treated by transurethral resection followed by chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Oshiro Hisashi , Sekiguchi Zenkichi , Ito Hiroki , Makiyama Kazuhide , Uemura Hiroji , Kubota Yoshinobu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report a case of high‐grade invasive urothelial carcinoma with plasmacytoid differentiation of the urinary bladder. A 75‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital because of macroscopic hematuria. Cystoscopy detected a solid pedunculated bladder tumor, and a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR‐Bt) and the image findings showed pT1N0M0 bladder cancer. The histopathological examination revealed the coexistence of a large component of high‐grade invasive urothelial carcinoma and a small component of plasmacytoid carcinoma. Following the TUR‐Bt, external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy with gemcitabine and nedaplatin were carried out. The bladder tumor has not recurred for 2 years after the TUR‐Bt.
How accurate are self‐reported height, weight, and BMI among community‐dwelling elderly Japanese?: Evidence from a national population‐based study
Authors: Yong Vanessa , Saito Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2011

Aim:  The aims of this study are to investigate the accuracy of self‐reported height, weight, and derived BMI of community‐dwelling Japanese aged 70 and older, and to assess the concordance between report‐based and measurement‐based BMI categories.Methods:  We compared self‐reported height and weight with physical measurements from data from a nationally representative sample (n = 1634).Results:  Self‐reported values were strongly correlated with measured values (Pearson's r: 0.92 and 0.89 for men and women, respectively, for height; 0.96 for both sexes for weight; 0.93 and 0.91 for men and women, respectively, for BMI). The differences in mean values were small. On average, height was overreported by 0.93 cm (SD = 2.48) for men and 1.23 cm (SD = 2.84) for women. Weight was underreported by 1.08 kg (SD = 2.55) for men and 0.88 kg (SD = 2.45) for women. BMI was underestimated by 0.68 kg/m2 (SD = 1.16) for men and 0.79 kg/m2 (SD = 1.49) for women. As age increases, height overreporting increased, particularly among women, but weight underreporting decreased for women. BMI underestimation increased for both sexes. Weighted kappa values showed a reasonably high concordance at 0.715 and 0.670 for men and women, respectively (P < 0.0001). Overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) prevalence rates were underestimated, with better specificity (range: 94.4–100%) than sensitivity (range: 59.3–65.1%).Conclusion:  The accuracy of self‐reported height and weight is reasonably high among elderly Japanese, suggesting that the information can be used in epidemiological surveys. However, caution should be exercised for the oldest age group (age 85+), as the accuracy declined. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 247–256.
Corticomotor excitability and plasticity following complex visuomotor training in young and old adults
Authors: Cirillo John , Todd Gabrielle , Semmler John G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPrevious studies with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have shown that advancing age may influence plasticity induction in human motor cortex (M1), but these changes have been assessed with TMS‐induced paradigms or simple motor tasks. The aim of this study was to examine changes in corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition as markers of corticomotor plasticity following complex motor training in young and old adults. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle of 16 young (20–35 years) and 16 older (aged 60–75 years) adults before and after motor skill training. Motor training consisted of three 6‐minute blocks of a complex visuomotor task that required matching the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint angle of the index finger using abduction–adduction movements. Single‐ and paired‐pulse TMS over the left M1 was used to assess changes in right FDI motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) and short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) before and after each training block. Visuomotor tracking performance was diminished in old compared with young adults throughout training. However, improvement in tracking error was similar for young and old adults (7–24% increase in each training block). For young and old adults, motor training increased FDI MEP amplitude (≥ 20%) and reduced the magnitude of SICI (≥ 19%) after each visuomotor training block, reflecting use‐dependent plasticity. However, no difference in corticomotor plasticity (change in MEP or SICI) was observed between young and old adults. Further studies are needed to identify the experimental or behavioral factors that might contribute to the maintenance of corticomotor plasticity in older adults.
Pronounced summer to winter differences and higher wintertime richness in coastal Antarctic marine bacterioplankton
Authors: Ghiglione J. F. , Murray A. E. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryMarine bacterioplankton studies over the annual cycle in polar systems are limited due to logistic constraints in site access and support. Here, we conducted a comparative study of marine bacterioplankton sampled at several time points over the annual cycle (12 occasions each) at sub‐Antarctic Kerguelen Islands (KI) and Antarctic Peninsula (AP) coastal sites in order to establish a better understanding of the extent and nature of variation in diversity and community structure at these different latitudes (49–64S). Molecular methods targeting the 16S rRNA gene (DGGE, CE‐SSCP and tag pyrosequencing) suggest a strong seasonal pattern with higher richness in winter and a clear influence of phytoplankton bloom events on bacterioplankton community structure and diversity in both locations. The distribution of sequence tags within Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteriodetes differed between the two regions. At both sites, several abundant Rhodobacteraceae, uncultivated Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteriodetes‐associated tags displayed intense seasonal variation often with similar trends at both sites. This enhanced understanding of variability in dominant groups of bacterioplankton over the annual cycle contributes to an expanding baseline to understand climate change impacts in the coastal zone of polar oceans and provides a foundation for comparison with open ocean polar systems.
Revival of Seeliger's historical ‘Special Listeria Culture Collection’
Authors: Haase Jana K. , Murphy Ronan A. , Choudhury Kingshuk Roy , Achtman Mark 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe recent evolution of bacterial species can be elucidated with the aid of large historical strain collections. Unfortunately, information for some of these strain collections is not publicly available, or only in a format which is not readily digitized. The form of storage of traditional collection often requires considerable space and microbiological access to the individual strains can be time consuming. One such historical strain collection was assembled by Professor H.P. Seeliger, the so‐called ‘Special Listeria Culture Collection’ (SLCC). The SLCC contains over 6000 Listeria strains which had been isolated between 1921 and 1987. The information on the properties of the strains was hand written or typed, primarily in German, and the stabs and lyophils used for storage were not ordered. Here we present a description of this strain collection after resuscitation and digitalization. Data were transcribed into a relational database and the revived bacterial strains were stored in a robotically friendly format, where the location of each tube is stored in a database. We resuscitated 4404 Listeria strains from the SLCC, and summarize their properties as well as making the detailed strain information publicly available. This digital information and the revival of the SLCC will facilitate historical analyses of the phylogeography of Listeria.
Effects of an unfixed combination of latanoprost and pilocarpine on the intraocular pressure and pupil size of normal dogs
Authors: Sarchahi Ali Asghar , Abbasi Nadia , Gholipour Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective  To assess changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) induced by daily application of an unfixed combination of latanoprost and pilocarpine in normal dogs.Animals studied  Fifteen mixed breed clinically normal dogs of both sexes.Procedures  Three groups of five dogs each were administered in the right eye, one drop of 0.005% latanoprost (group L), 2% pilocarpine (group P), and 0.005% latanoprost with 2% pilocarpine (group LP), respectively. The left eyes received placebo. Drugs were administered once a day at 8 a.m. over a period of 5 days. IOP and PD measurements were conducted daily at 8 a.m., 10 a.m., 12 noon, 2 p.m., and 4 p.m. from 1 day preceding treatment to 7 days following treatment, and the presence of blepharospasm and/or conjunctival hyperemia was noted.Results  Compared to baseline values, mean diurnal IOPs significantly decreased during the treatment period, by 4.4 (24.4%), 5.8 (31.4%), and 6.1 mmHg (35%) in the L, P, and LP groups, respectively. Compared to placebo‐treated eyes, reductions of 2.1(14.1%), 3.2 (20.1%), and 4.1 mmHg (26.6%) were observed for the L, P, and LP groups, respectively. Although mean IOPs in the LP group decreased slightly more than the other two groups, these differences were not statistically significant. Miosis and conjunctival hyperemia were observed in the treated eyes of all three groups of animals during the treatment period.Conclusions  Although both 0.005% latanoprost and 2% pilocarpine individually produced significant decrease in IOP, the topical administration of a combination of latanoprost (0.005%) and pilocarpine (2%) was not associated with a statistically significant synergistic reduction in IOP in dogs; and miosis was the most frequent side effect observed during treatment.
Phylogeography and systematics of the Malagasy rock‐thrushes (Muscicapidae, Monticola)
Authors: Cruaud Astrid , Raherilalao Marie Jeanne , Pasquet Eric , Goodman Steven M. 
Published: October 2011

Cruaud, A., Raherilalao, M. J., Pasquet, E. & Goodman, S. M. (2011) Phylogeography and systematics of the Malagasy rock‐thrushes (Muscicapidae, Monticola). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 554–566.The patterns of genetic variation and the systematics of members of the widespread Old World genusMonticola(Family Muscicapidae) occurring on Madagascar remain unresolved. Herein, we address these questions by examining the phylogeography of MalagasyMonticolausing two molecular markers (ND2andATP6,1.5 kb) from 60 individuals sampled across their known range. To clarify the relationships within the clade groupings, we use a statistical haplotype network and an analysis of the genetic structure of the different populations sampled. A morphological study was conducted in parallel that used many of the same individuals employed in the molecular study to examine potential differences between the recovered clades. Based on molecular genetics and morphology,M. imerinusis distinct from theM. sharpeicomplex, which is composed of five phylogroups: Group A (Central Highlands, typicalsharpei), Group B (Central West, Bemaraha), Group C (Northern Highlands), Group D (Montagne d’Ambre,erythronotus) and Group E (Southwestern,bensoni). While molecular data show high levels of geographical structure, these differences exhibit low levels of intergroup genetic divergence (0.01–0.07%). We suggest that two species ofMonticolaoccur on Madagascar,imerinusandsharpei, and the forms referable tobensonianderythronotus, as well as unnamed populations from the Central West (Bemahara), should be considered as part ofM. sharpeiand are populations that are probably isolated and undergoing incipient speciation.
Haydn's Missing Middles
Authors: RILEY MATTHEW 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTHaydn's play on expectations and conventions and his deliberate grammatical mistakes are well‐known. Yet one notable syntactic irregularity to be found in his music has been overlooked: the use of a sentential theme which lacks the first half of the continuation phrase (to use the terms of William E. Caplin's functional theory of Classical form). This type of theme moves straight from its presentation phrase to its cadential progression, so there is no pre‐cadential section of the continuation phrase which expresses a specifically medial function. Moreover, the theme's dimensions are irregular: its second part is only half the length of its first. Most cases of the ‘missing middle’ occur in the main themes of sonata allegros, the middle being supplied later in the movement, usually in the subordinate theme. These points are illustrated by brief analyses of the first movements of Symphony No. 85 and the Sonata Hob. XVI:21, and a longer analysis of the first movement of the Sonata Hob. XVI:49.