bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating scientific advances to improved outcomes for children with sickle cell disease: a timely opportunity
Authors: Raphael Jean L. , Kavanagh Patricia L. , Wang C. Jason , Mueller Brigitta U. , Zuckerman Barry 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDespite the recent advances made in the care of children with sickle cell disease (SCD), premature mortality, especially among older children and young adults, remains a hallmark of this disease. The lack of survival gains highlights the translational gap of implementing innovations found efficacious in the controlled trial setting into routine clinical practice. Health services research (HSR) examines the most effective ways to finance, organize, and deliver high quality care in an equitable manner. To date, HSR has been underutilized as a means to improve the outcomes for children with SCD. Emerging national priorities in health care delivery, new sources of funding, and evolving electronic data collection systems for patients with SCD have provided a unique opportunity to overcome the translational gap in pediatric SCD. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive HSR agenda to create patient‐specific evidence of clinical effectiveness for interventions used in the routine care setting, understand the barriers faced by clinicians to providing high quality care, assess and improve the interactions of patients with the health care system, and measure the quality of care delivered to increase survival for all children and young adults with SCD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1005–1008. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluid–structure interaction analysis on the film wrinkling problem of a film insert molded part
Authors: Oh Hwa Jin , Song Young Seok , Kim Sung Ho , Kim Seong Yun , Youn Jae Ryoun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBack‐injection of polymeric liquid to preformed films, also known as film insert molding (FIM), provides the surface quality of polymeric parts. The back‐injection material is responsible for mechanical and thermal properties of the part, especially such as stiffness and thermal expansion. In the back‐injection molding it is important to ensure that the inserted films are not wrinkled by the injection of molten polymers. In this study, FIM was carried out with utilizing polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) alloy and polymethyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PMMA/ABS) film. The wrinkling of films was observed by the atomic force microscope (AFM). Numerical simulations were performed to understand the mechanism of the film wrinkling and optimize the processing conditions of FIM for high precision parts by using commercial packages including Hypermesh™, Moldflow™, and COMSOL™. A critical shear rate for the film wrinkling of a center garnish part was determined based on the deformation energy of plate. It was found that the critical shear rate calculated numerically was in good agreement with that of the film insert molded parts. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Analysis of contributing factors to production of highly transparent isotactic polypropylene extrusion sheets. Part 2
Authors: Funaki Akira , Kondo Kaname , Kanai Toshitaka 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo obtain highly transparent isotactic polypropylene (PP) sheet by an industrial process, the influences of the isotacticity and metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene (L‐LDPE) as crystallization control material were analyzed. The sheet samples were extruded by using a direct single‐belt process. Even if the sheeting was carried out under the same conditions, the lower tacticity PP generated the less and the smaller size of spherulites. Low‐tacticity PP showed improvement on transparency by heat treatment as well as the high‐tacticity PP. Moreover, the behavior of transparency was investigated by 10 wt% addition of various L‐LDPE with wide range density. Thanks to the fine distribution particles of L‐LDPE in PP matrix, the number of generated spherulites and the growth rate of them were restrained. In the case of addition of L‐LDPE with the specific density to PP, the transparency was markedly improved by the heat treatment. According to the density of added L‐LDPE, the suitable heat‐treatment temperature condition, which showed the best transparency, was changed. This phenomenon could be explained by the refractive index difference of PP matrix and the fine distribution particles of L‐LDPE. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
A mathematical model to study the effect of the air jet in the film blowing process
Authors: Housiadas Kostas D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aerodynamic effect of the air jet that supports the polymeric films produced in the film blowing process is studied theoretically. The nonlinear coupling between the air and the polymer is examined by assuming steady, axisymmetric, and isothermal flow for both phases. The governing equations for the polymer are simplified by following the thin‐film approximation and the corresponding ones for the air are derived by applying a boundary‐layer type analysis. The latter are solved analytically by first applying the Mangler transformation that reduces the boundary layer equations for the axisymmetric case to those for a plane boundary layer. Then a similarity solution is obtained, allowing the shear stress and the pressure on the outer polymer/air interface to be evaluated in terms of the film shape only. The final set of ordinary differential equations for the film is solved numerically using finite differences. The results show that the force caused by the airflow has a significant effect on the film shape and the characteristics of the final product. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Tracking and back‐tracking
Authors: Lorenzo E. , Narvarte L. , Muñoz J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a review of back‐tracking geometry not only for single axis but also for two‐axis tracking and analyses the corresponding energy gains. It compares the different back‐tracking strategies with the ideal tracking in terms of energy yield concluding, on the one hand, that back‐tracking is more useful for single horizontal axis than for the single vertical one, and on the other hand, that back‐tracking is more efficient when applied in the primary axis of a two‐axis tracker. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structures and conformations of heteroatom‐bridged calixarenes
Authors: Zuo Chun‐Shan , Wiest Olaf , Wu Yun‐Dong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe structures and conformational energies of twelve MeN‐, O‐, S‐, MeP‐, CO‐bridged homocalix[4]arenes and two kinds of O‐bridged alternate hybrid‐calix[4]arenes have been calculated at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level of theory. The 1,3‐alternate or twisted‐1,3‐alternate conformations are found to be the lowest energy structures in all cases except for MeP‐bridged calix[4]pyridine and calix[4]benzene, for which the twist‐pinched cone and partial cone are the most stable conformations, respectively. The conformational energy differences calculated between the lowest energy and the next conformation are on the order of 2.0–3.0 kcal/mol, but smaller for the S‐ and MeP‐bridged compounds. Analysis of the structures and relative energies shows that the phenyl hydrogens have electrostatic attractions with the lone pairs of the heteroatoms and steric repulsions with the methyl groups on bridgehead groups. Conversely, the lone electron pair in the pyridyl compounds engage in a repulsive electrostatic interaction. The interactions of 1,3‐aromatic rings play a minor but important role in the relative stability sequence. This detailed understanding of the factors governing the conformational space of hetero calixarences can be used to design conformationally biased analogs of these interesting compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relative stability of de novo four–helix bundle proteins: Insights from coarse grained molecular simulations
Authors: Bellesia Giovanni , Jewett Andrew I. , Shea Joan–Emma 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe use a recently developed coarse‐grained computational model to investigate the relative stability of two different sets of de novo designed four–helix bundle proteins. Our simulations suggest a possible explanation for the experimentally observed increase in stability of the four–helix bundles with increasing sequence length. In details, we show that both short subsequences composed only by polar residues and additional nonpolar residues inserted, via different point mutations in ad hoc positions, seem to play a significant role in stabilizing the four–helix bundle conformation in the longer sequences. Finally, we propose an additional mutation that rescues a short amino acid sequence that would otherwise adopt a compact misfolded state. Our work suggests that simple computational models can be used as a complementary tool in the design process of de novo proteins.
Imaging internal features of whole, unfixed bacteria
Authors: Thomson Nicholas M. , Channon Kevin , Mokhtar Noor Azlin , Staniewicz Lech , Rai Ranjana , Roy Ipsita , Sato Shun , Tsuge Takeharu , Donald Athene M. , Summers David , Sivaniah Easan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWet scanning‐transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is a technique that allows high‐resolution transmission imaging of biological samples in a hydrated state, with minimal sample preparation. However, it has barely been used for the study of bacterial cells. In this study, we present an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of wet STEM compared with standard transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To investigate the potential applications of wet STEM, we studied the growth of polyhydroxyalkanoate and triacylglycerol carbon storage inclusions. These were easily visible inside cells, even in the early stages of accumulation. Although TEM produces higher resolution images, wet STEM is useful when preservation of the sample is important or when studying the relative sizes of different features, since samples do not need to be sectioned. Furthermore, under carefully selected conditions, it may be possible to maintain cell viability, enabling new types of experiments to be carried out. To our knowledge, internal features of bacterial cells have not been imaged previously by this technique. SCANNING 33: 59–68, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The language of knowledge management: A linguistic approach to metaphor analysis
Authors: Steen Gerard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses two problems in metaphor identification in knowledge management. It does so against the background of a sketch of the most important issues in linguistic metaphor research in relation to language, cognition and communication. This produces a background for the body of the paper, in which two issues are addressed: (1) What counts as a metaphor in language, including language about knowledge? (2) What counts as a metaphor in thought, including thought about knowledge? The answers to these questions capture some of the latest discussions in linguistic metaphor research, which can help increase the quality of further research on metaphor in knowledge management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In utero and lactational exposure to PCB 118 and PCB 153 alter ovarian follicular dynamics and GnRH‐induced luteinizing hormone secretion in female lambs
Authors: Kraugerud Marianne , Aleksandersen Mona , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Østby Gunn C. , Gutleb Arno C. , Dahl Ellen , Berg Vidar , Farstad Wenche , Schweder Tore , Skaare Janneche U. , Ropstad Erik 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe effects of in utero and lactational exposure to two structurally different polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners on follicular dynamics and the pituitary‐gonadal axis in female lambs were investigated. Pregnant ewes received corn oil, PCB 118, or PCB 153, and offspring was maintained until 60 days postpartum. Ovarian follicles were quantified using stereology. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured using radioimmunoassay before and after administration of a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analog. PCB 118 exposure increased numbers of transitional, secondary, and the sum of secondary, early antral, and antral (Σsecondary‐antral) follicles, PCB 153 exposure only increased the number of primary follicles. GnRH‐induced LH levels were significantly elevated in the PCB 153 exposure group. We conclude that PCB 153 and PCB 118 alter follicular dynamics in lambs and modulate the responsiveness of the pituitary gland to GnRH. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
Parallel coordinate and parallel coordinate density plots
Authors: Moustafa Rida E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe parallel coordinate plot (PCP)—which represents a p‐dimensional data point in Cartesian coordinates by a polyline (or curve) intercepting p‐parallel axes—is a viable tool for hyperdimensional data visualization. It enables the human visual system to spot informative patterns in complex data and gain better understanding of the underlying geometry of hyperdimensional objects. Correlated records, conceptual clusters, and outliers are easy to discern with the PCP. The parallel coordinate density plot integrates the PCP with density estimation techniques to visualize concentrated information instead of the profiles themselves. Thus mitigating the visual cluttering burden inherent in the plot for a few thousand records. In this article, we give an overview of the PCP, their generalizations, the use of orthogonal bases to smooth out the system, and density estimation techniques to overcome the visual cluttering limitations inherent in the plot. We discuss the duality theorem and its usability in identifying patterns visually or by automatic means. We discuss the effect of scaling the data and the profiles. We provide some visualization examples on different datasets. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 134–148 DOI: 10.1002/wics.145This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
On the spectrum and stiffness of an elastic body with surface stresses
Authors: Altenbach H. , Eremeyev V.A. , Lebedev L.P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA mathematical investigation of the eigenvalue problems for elastic bodies including surface stresses is presented. Weak setup of the problems is based on the Rayleigh variational principle. Certain spectral properties are established for the problems under consideration. In particular, bounds for the eigenfrequencies of an elastic body with surface stresses are presented. These bounds demonstrate increases in both the rigidity of the body and of the eigenfrequencies over those of the body with surface stresses neglected.
Penetrating chest wounds: 24 years experience
Authors: Mandal Ashis K. , Sanusi Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThoracic and thoracoabdominal penetrating wounds are frequently encountered in urban medical centers in the United States. This study was undertaken to determine the clinical characteristics and inhospital outcome of these injuries. This was a longitudinal, nonblinded study using the established standard of care of patients with penetrating chest trauma. It consists of an analysis of a consecutive series of 3049 patients treated at one trauma center between April 1972 and March 1996. There were 1347 stab wounds and 1702 gunshot wounds. Antibiotic prophylaxis was administered to patients who underwent laparotomy or thoracotomy or who had lung contusion with hemoptysis (41.6%, 1296/ 3049). Of 3049 patients, 196 had cardiac injuries. All of them underwent thoracotomy, and the mortality was 21.9%. In contrast, among 2853 patients without cardiac injuries, only 257 (9%) required thoracotomy; the mortality in this group was 1.5%. Patients with thoracoabdominal injuries (899/3049) had a mortality of 4.3% compared to 2.1% among those who had isolated chest injuries. The overall mortality was 2.8%. Of 1702 patients with gunshot wounds, 85 (5%) sustained transaxial injuries, with an overall mortality of 36.5%. The complication rate among the survivors was 6% with only 2.5% being infectious. We conclude that the mortality for noncardiac penetrating injuries of the chest is low. The presence of associated abdominal injuries increases the mortality twofold. More than one‐third of the patients with transaxial wounds die. Gunshot wounds of the heart result in higher mortality than stab wounds to the heart. The infection rate is low.
Hürthle cell tumor of the thyroid: Analysis of 188 cases
Authors: Sugino Kiminori , Ito Koichi , Mimura Takashi , Kameyama Kaori , Iwasaki Hiroyuki , Ito Kunihiko 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe reviewed 188 cases of Hürthle cell tumor of the thyroid (HCT) between 1982 and 1996. There were 160 women and 28 men with a mean age of 51.8 years. Thirty‐one of the patients had cancer, and the others had adenoma. Age, size of the primary tumor, and preoperative thyroglobulin level were not significantly different in the cancer and adenoma patients. The gender ratio, however, was significantly different (p<0.05). Recurrent HCT was observed in three patients with adenoma. Two patients had subcutaneous recurrence (suspected implantation), and the other patient had recurrence in the residual thyroid gland. All patients with recurrence of adenoma underwent partial lobectomy at the initial operation. Three cancer patients had recurrent disease. Locoregional recurrence was observed in one patient and distant metastases in two patients (lung in one, lung and bone in one). One of the patients with distant metastasis died from the disease, and the other is alive with the disease. Tumor implantation was observed in patients with adenoma, so intraoperative handling of the tumor requires care. It also means that this tumor, even though benign, is aggressive in terms of proliferative activity. All patients with Hürthle cell tumor should be treated by total lobectomy at least. The outcome of the cancer patients was not as poor as in previous reports.
Prospective, randomized, comparative study of Misgav Ladach versus traditional cesarean section at Nazareth Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Ansaloni Luca , Brundisini Roberto , Morino Gianfranco , Kiura Andrew 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCesarean section (CS) is the commonest major operation carried out in many low income countries. A new technique for CS, called the Misgav Ladach procedure, was evaluated in a randomized trial in Nazareth Hospital (Kiambu District, Kenya). A total of 160 patients were assigned to the Misgav Ladach procedure (n=80) or to the traditional CS as performed in most rural hospitals in low income countries (n=80). The two groups were analyzed by operating time, presence of infection and febrile morbidity, grade of postoperative pain, starting of fluid and solid alimentation, and development of incisional hernia and hypertrophic scar. The operating time of the Misgav Ladach procedure was significantly shorter. 20.4 (SD 6.1) minutes versus 30.4 (SD 6.1) minutes (p< 0.001). A total of 5 wound infections (6.2%) were seen with the Misgav Ladach procedure versus 16 (20.0%) in the control group (p=0.01). The number of analgesic doses required during the postoperative period were significantly less in the Misgav Ladach group: 1.3 (SD 0.6) versus 1.9 (SD 0.7) ampuls of pethidine (p<0.001) and 15.1 (SD 2.0) versus 16.4 (SD 1.8) tablets of ibuprofen (p<0.001). Incisional pain was significantly less in the Misgav Ladach group: Visual Analogue Scale score 3.0 (SD 1.5) versus 4.9 (SD 2.0),p<0.01. The patients in the Misgav Ladach group began drinking fluids voluntarily [19.1 (SD 4.5) hours versus 20.6 (SD 4.0) hours;p=0.01] and eating solid food [41.2 (SD 9.3) hours versus 46.1 (SD 9.0) hours;p<0.01] significantly before than those in the control group. At the 6‐week follow‐up, the presence of hypertrophic scar was significantly associated with the traditional procedure (2.1% vs. 48.8%;p<0.001). We conclude that the Misgav Ladach operation should become the standard method for performing CS in low income countries, particularly in rural hospitals.
Mild hyperphenylalaninemia: to treat or not to treat
Authors: van Spronsen Francjan J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOne of the issues to be resolved in phenylketonuria is whether patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia need treatment, or in other words, in what patients treatment needs to be started. Do patients need treatment when phenylalanine concentrations in blood are >360 μmol/L or >600 μmol/L? This paper reviews the literature on the outcome of untreated patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia to try to determine whether outcome is normal. The paper concludes that there is, in fact, only one paper that can be used to answer this question. Therefore, the question is whether we may rely on one paper to draw conclusions or whether more research is necessary to determine whether all patients with phenylalanine concentrations >360 μmol/L or all patients with phenylalanine concentrations >600 μmol/L require treatment.
Short‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: the clinical relevance of an early diagnosis and report of four new cases
Authors: Martins Esmeralda , Cardoso M. Luis , Rodrigues Esmeralda , Barbot Clara , Ramos Altina , Bennett Michael J. , Teles Elisa Leão , Vilarinho Laura 
Published: February 2011

AbstractShort‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (HADH, SCHAD) deficiency (OMIM #231530) represents a recently described disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid beta‐oxidation, with less than ten cases described worldwide. The main clinical presentation of this metabolic disease is different from other inherited defects of fatty acid β−oxidation as the hypoglycemia is associated with hyperinsulinism. We present the clinical, biochemical and molecular findings of four new Caucasian patients with HADH deficiency. These new cases contribute to a more comprehensive description of the phenotype, diagnostic biomarkers and treatment options for this poorly defined disease.
Mouse models for congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Thiel Christian , Körner Christian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGlycoprotein biosynthesis describes the process of co‐ and posttranslational attachment of sugar chains to proteins, a process that has been found in nearly all known organisms. Human deficiencies evoked by mutations in the glycosylation pathway of glycoproteins lead to congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a rapidly expanding group of autosomal recessive inherited metabolic diseases with multisystemic phenotypes that are mostly combined with severe neurological impairment. Although investigations on new types of CDG have proceeded rapidly in recent years, the correlation between inaccurate protein glycosylation and pathological loss of functionality of distinct organ systems remains widely unknown, and therapeutics for the patients are mostly not available. Therefore, mouse models provide an outstanding helpful tool for investigations on different aspects of glycosylation deficiencies that cannot be performed in patients or cell culture. This review focuses on existing mouse models generated for the types of CDG that affect the N‐glycosylation pathway.