bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of Timbre: Ligeti's Synthesis of Electronic and Acoustic Music in Atmosphères
Authors: IVERSON JENNIFER 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn 1957, soon after his emigration from Hungary, György Ligeti began an internship at the electronic music studio of Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) in Cologne. The three electronic works Ligeti produced there constitute a small portion of his oeuvre, but it is commonly acknowledged that his experiences in the studio were crucial for his stylistic development. This article makes specific analytical connections between the techniques of elektronische Musik that Ligeti encountered at the WDR and his sound-mass techniques in acoustic composition. The discourses in circulation in the electronic studio of the 1950s – especially as articulated by Karlheinz Stockhausen, Karel Goeyvaerts, and Gottfried Michael Koenig – reveal a collective obsession with gaining compositional control over timbre. By internalizing and reusing mainstream elektronische Musik techniques such as additive synthesis, filtering, and Bewegungsfarbe in an acoustic form, Ligeti brought timbre forward as the central compositional problem in the acoustic work Atmosphères.
Plasma corticotrophin response to desmopressin in patients with Cushing’s disease correlates with the expression of vasopressin receptor 2, but not with that of vasopressin receptor 1 or 3, in their pituitary tumours
Authors: Wang Fan‐Fen , Tang Kam‐Tsun , Yen Yu‐Shu , Ho Donald Ming‐Tak , Yang An‐Hang , Hwang Chun‐I. , Lin Hong‐Da , Won Justin G. S. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjectives  Most patients with Cushing’s disease (CD) respond to corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) or desmopressin with increased corticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisol levels. Although the vasopressin receptor subtype located on normal corticotrophs is the V3 receptor (V3R), desmopressin is a selective V2 receptor (V2R) agonist and it is unclear whether corticotrophinomas exhibit aberrant V2R expression. Furthermore, no studies have determined the relationship between the in vivo response of CD patients to desmopressin and vasopressin receptor expression, or between the response to CRH and CRH receptor (CRHR) expression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of vasopressin receptors (V1R, V2R, and V3R) and CRHR on corticotroph tumours and its possible relation to the in vivo response.Designs  A prospective study of 29 patients with CD.Methods  Patients underwent desmopressin and CRH stimulation tests before surgery. The expression of vasopressin receptors and CRHR on corticotrophinomas was determined by immunocytochemistry.Results  Most of the corticotrophinomas exhibited abundant expression of V1R, V3R, and CRHR, whereas the expression of V2R varied greatly and was lower in macroadenomas than in microadenomas. Both the percentage increment of ACTH and net area under the curve (AUC) of ACTH in the desmopressin stimulation test were found to be correlated with tumour volume. After adjustment for tumour volume, a positive correlation was found between the percentage increment of ACTH and the degree of V2R expression, but not between that of V1R or V3R. No relationship between the level of expression of CRHR on tumour tissues and the percentage increment or netAUC of ACTH to CRH was observed in CD patients.Conclusions  We concluded that V2R was expressed on corticotrophinomas and that the level of its expression correlated well with the ACTH response to desmopressin in CD patients, although abundant expression of V1R and V3R was also found in almost all corticotroph tumours. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of these receptors in the pathogenesis of CD.
Leptin levels are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in women across the weight spectrum, independent of body fat
Authors: Lawson Elizabeth A. , Miller Karen K. , Blum Justine I. , Meenaghan Erinne , Misra Madhusmita , Eddy Kamryn T. , Herzog David B. , Klibanski Anne 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective  Leptin is anorexigenic, and levels are markedly decreased in women with low body weight and high in women with obesity. Ghrelin opposes leptin effects on appetite and is negatively associated with body mass index. These appetite‐regulating hormones may have opposing effects on mood and stress pathways. Women with anorexia nervosa (AN), hypothalamic amenorrhoea (HA) and obesity are at increased risk of depression and anxiety. It is unknown whether dysregulation of leptin or ghrelin contributes to the development of depression and/or anxiety in these disorders. We investigated the relationship between leptin and ghrelin levels and symptoms of depression, anxiety and perceived stress in women across the weight spectrum.Design  Cross‐sectional.Patients  64 women: 15 with AN, 12 normal‐weight with HA, 17 overweight or obese (OB) and 20 normal‐weight in good health (HC).Measurements  Fasting serum leptin and plasma ghrelin levels were measured. Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression (HAM‐D) and Anxiety (HAM‐A) and the Perceived Stress Scale were administered.Results  Leptin levels were inversely associated with HAM‐D, HAM‐A and Perceived Stress scores. The negative relationships between leptin and severity of symptoms of both depression and anxiety remained significant after controlling for body fat or weight. There was no relationship between ghrelin and symptoms of depression or anxiety. Although ghrelin levels were positively associated with the degree of perceived stress, this relationship was not significant after controlling for body fat or weight.Conclusions  Leptin may mediate depressive symptoms across the weight spectrum. Further investigation of the role of leptin in modulating mood will be important.
Decreased serum vascular endothelial growth factor‐D levels in metastatic patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Nersita Roberto , Matrone Antonio , Klain Michele , Scavuzzo Francesco , Vitolo Gabriella , Abbondanza Ciro , Carlino Maria V. , Giacco Veronica , Amato Giovanni , Carella Carlo 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective  Vascular endothelial growth factor‐D (VEGF‐D) has been identified as one of the lymphangiogenic growth factors involved in metastatic diffusion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the serum VEGF‐D levels in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer at different conditions of disease.Design and Patients  We studied prospectively the VEGF‐D plasma levels in 96 subjects affected by differentiated thyroid cancer. The patients were divided into three groups according to the clinical and biochemical findings: patients with no evidence of disease (Cured), patients with pathological (>1 ng/ml) stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) (Path‐Tg/rhTSH) levels only after rhTSH and patients with elevated basal Tg levels (Path‐Tg/LT4).Results  The serum VEGF‐D concentrations in patients of group Cured were not different from the controls, while group Path‐Tg/rhTSH showed baseline serum VEGF‐D levels significantly lower than group Cured and controls (P < 0·001 and P < 0·01, respectively). Moreover, the patients of group Path‐Tg/LT4 showed median serum cytokine concentrations at baseline not significantly different from the patients of group Path‐Tg/rhTSH. The rhTSH stimulation did not modify the difference in serum VEGF‐D levels in patients of group Cured and group Path‐Tg/rhTSH.Conclusions  Our data demonstrate that the VEGF‐D serum levels are reduced in patients with metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer, regardless of the degree of metastatic spread. It is possible that some other molecule produced by the tumoral tissue could affect the VEGF‐D physiologically produced of from different tissues, thus conducting to a decrease in the VEGF‐D found in blood of patients with evidence of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer.
Current status of red palm weevil in Turkey
Authors: Buyukozturk H. D. , Kutuk H. , Birisik N. 
Published: July 2011

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) is the most serious pest of palms in Turkey. Weevil infestation was first detected in Turkey in summer 2005 in parks and gardens of Mersin province, along the Mediterreanean coast of Turkey. Following the discovery of the pest, destruction of infested plant material, prophylactic insecticide chemical treatments, as well as adult weevil trapping were carried out on palm plantations. Traps containing a commercial aggregation pheromone were hung on palm trees at a high density, in order to monitor the pest infestation and reduce the weevil population by mass trapping. A significant decrease in the number of trapped beetles and destruction of infested plant material was observed in 2009 and continued in the following years in several cities in Turkey. Therefore, it has been observed that mass trapping and curative pesticide applications have played a significant role in the suppression of R. ferrugineus populations in palm plantations.
First report on Virachola livia Klug. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and its effects on different pomegranate varieties in Tunisia
Authors: Ksentini I. , Jardak T. , Zeghal N. 
Published: July 2011

Virachola livia Klug 1834 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) was detected for the first time in a cultivated pomegranate orchard in Tunisia in 2006 although it may have been causing damage for several years prior to this. During 2006, 5.2% of the total pomegranate fruit produced in Tunisia was infested by this pest. This invasive species was responsible for 52% of fruit rot at Zerkine locality (Gabès Governorate). Levels of V. livia infection were shown to vary among nine pomegranate varieties; the Klaii, Mezzi and Garoussi varieties were the most susceptible, whereas Gabsi, Jbeli, Andolsi, Tounsi, Zaghweni and Zehri were more tolerant to this lycaenidae. The authors consider that this is due to female preference.
Survival of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Monochamus galloprovincialis in pine branches and wood packaging material
Authors: Sousa E. , Naves P. , Bonifácio L. , Inácio L. , Henriques J. , Evans H. 
Published: July 2011

Survival and development of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode) was studied for up to 40 weeks in Pinus pinaster sawn wood and branches: 30 boards (1200 × 100 × 25 mm), 30 long‐blocks (1200 × 95 × 95 mm), 10 pine branches with bark and nine branches without bark (1200 mm long). The nematode was found in all materials and through the entire sampling period, with higher abundance in the sawn wood (boards and long‐blocks). In the initial period B. xylophilus reproduced abundantly and a population peak was detected at 8–12 weeks. Subsequently, the populations declined and became dominated by third‐stage resistant larvae (JIII), and in the final sample nematode abundance was very low. Nematode decline in the wood was correlated with a decrease in the moisture content (MC) to below fibre saturation. Survival of the insect vector Monochamus galloprovincialis was also assessed in sawn boards (1200 × 100 × 25 mm, n = 31) and blocks (160 × 95 × 95 mm, n = 40). The majority of the larvae were killed when sawing the wood, although some adults successfully emerged from the boards (10% survival) and blocks (37%). These results represent a contribution to the quantification of the risks of dispersing pine wilt disease through wood packaging materials, confirming that untreated wood can support healthy and abundant B. xylophilus populations for sufficient time for vectors surviving the sawing process to complete their development, to emerge and disperse the nematode.
Variation in predator foraging behaviour changes predator–prey spatio‐temporal dynamics
Authors: Nachappa Punya , Margolies David C. , Nechols James R. , Campbell James F. 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. Foraging underlies the ability of all animals to acquire essential resources and thus provides a critical link to understand population dynamics. A key issue is how variation in foraging behaviour affects foraging efficiency and predator–prey interactions in spatially heterogeneous environments. However, there is very little quantitative information available on this topic.2. We evaluated the impact of variation in predator foraging on population dynamics of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis, and its prey, the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, in a heterogeneous environment.3. Through artificial selection, we generated predator lines with high levels of prey consumption, conversion efficiency or dispersal, which were otherwise similar in foraging and life history. With these lines, we experimentally compared the effect of these traits on temporal and spatial patterns of predators and prey.4. We initiated the experiments in a 24‐plant landscape, which contained two discrete prey patches (i.e. prey‐infested plants) under two initial predator–prey population ratios (1 : 10 and 1 : 30). Predators were introduced into one of the prey patches and were left to forage for 24 days.5. Predator population growth was similar among the three selected lines, but the high conversion efficiency line produced the most predators and had the highest predator–prey ratio, and the high consumption and high dispersal lines were intermediate. The unselected line showed the least predator growth and lowest predator–prey ratio throughout the experiment.6. Initial predator–prey ratio did not affect the impact of the selected lines on prey population growth at the high (1 : 10) ratio. However, at the low predator–prey ratio (1 : 30), the unselected line had a much greater prey numbers than the selected lines.7. Predators and prey were each individually aggregated, but the high conversion efficiency and high dispersal lines showed stronger spatial association and correlation with prey, while the high consumption line was less closely associated or correlated with the prey.8. These results indicate that there may be multiple, equally effective strategies by which predators exploit prey in patchy landscapes, but suggest that the long‐term dynamics may not be stable under all of these strategies.
The Arabidopsis MERISTEM DISORGANIZATION 1 gene is required for the maintenance of stem cells through the reduction of DNA damage
Authors: Hashimura Yuma , Ueguchi Chiharu 
Published: July 2011

SummaryIn plants, stem cells reside in apical meristems, and provide the descendants required for post‐embryonic growth and development throughout the life of a plant. To identify a novel factor required for the maintenance of stem cells, we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant, named meristem disorganization 1‐1 (mdo1‐1), that exhibits several developmental defects, such as abnormal phyllotaxy and plastochron, stem fasciation and retarded root growth. We found that the mutant plants fail to maintain stem cells, resulting in the differentiation or death of stem cells. The mutant plants also showed several phenotypes related to DNA damage, suggesting that the mutant cells are exposed constitutively to DNA damage even without external genotoxic stress. The growth defect and the hypersensitivity to DNA‐damaging agents of mdo1‐1 were enhanced significantly when combined with a lesion of the ATAXIA‐TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) gene, but not of the ATM/RAD3‐RELATED (ATR) gene, suggesting that the function of the MDO1 gene is closely related to that of ATM kinase. The MDO1 gene encodes an unknown protein that is conserved in a wide variety of land plants. The results thus suggested that the MDO1 gene product is required for the maintenance of stem cells through a reduction in DNA damage.
Barley mildew and its elicitor chitosan promote closed stomata by stimulating guard‐cell S‐type anion channels
Authors: Koers Sandra , Guzel‐Deger Aysin , Marten Irene , Roelfsema M. Rob G. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryStomatal closure is known to be associated with early defence responses of plant cells triggered by microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these guard‐cell responses have not yet been elucidated. We therefore studied pathogen‐induced changes in ion channel activity in Hordeum vulgare guard cells. Barley mildew (Blumeria graminis) hyphae growing on leaves inhibited light‐induced stomatal opening, starting at 9 h after inoculation, when appressoria had developed. Alternatively, stomatal closure was induced by nano‐infusion of chitosan via open stomata into the sub‐stomatal cavity. Experiments using intracellular double‐barreled micro‐electrodes revealed that mildew stimulated S‐type (slow) anion channels in guard cells. These channels enable the efflux of anions from guard cells and also promote K+ extrusion by altering the plasma membrane potential. Stimulation of S‐type anion channels was also provoked by nano‐infusion of chitosan. These data suggest that MAMPs of mildew hyphae penetrating the cuticle provoke activation of S‐type anion channels in guard cells. In response, guard cells extrude K+ salts, resulting in stomatal closure. Plasma membrane anion channels probably represent general targets of MAMP signaling in plants, as these elicitors depolarize the plasma membrane of various cell types.
Dermoscopic evaluation of erythema associated with pressure ulcers
Authors: Inui Shigeki , Ikegawa Hitoshi , Itami Satoshi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective  To assess dermoscopic findings of “non‐blanchable erythema” in stage I pressure ulcers and to determine their characteristics.Methods  Dermoscopic examinations using DermLite® II pro of redness over a bony prominence that did not resolve within 30 min of pressure relief or if a positional change was impossible for three days.Results  Characteristic dermoscopic findings of redness in stage I pressure ulcers included petechial dots and telangiectatic streaks while other discolorations disappeared by diascopy. These dermoscopic features were seen in 9 of 10 cases. In one case, purpura that persisted under dermoscope compression was observed. Likewise, petechial dots and telangiectatic streaks were detected in three cases with redness surrounding stage II pressure ulcers.Conclusion  The “non‐blanchable erythema” in pressure ulcers consists of petechial dots, telangiectatic streaks and purpura that persist after compression by the dermoscope and these characteristics are helpful for dermoscopically diagnosing pressure ulcers.
Photoprotection against the UVB‐induced oxidative stress and epidermal damage in mice using leaves of three different varieties ofLepidium meyenii(maca)
Authors: Gonzales‐Castañeda Cynthia , Rivera Valery , Chirinos Ana Lucía , Evelson Pablo , Gonzales Gustavo Francisco 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) B radiation leads to epidermal damage and generation of reactive oxygen species. The photoprotective effect of extracts of three varieties of leaves (red, yellow, and black) from maca (Lepidium meyenii), a plant from the Peruvian highlands, was assessed in mouse skin exposed to UVB radiation.Materials and methods The hydroalcoholic extracts of three varieties of maca leaves were applied topically to the dorsal skin of young–adult male mice prior to exposition to UVB radiation.Results The three varieties had UVA/UVB absorptive properties and presented antioxidant activity, being highest with red maca, followed by black and yellow maca. The three varieties of maca leaves prevented the development of sunburn cells, epidermal hyperplasia, leukocytic infiltration, and other alterations produced by UVB radiation. Mice treated with black maca showed the highest superoxide dismutase levels, and mice treated with black and yellow maca showed higher catalase levels in skin, whereas red maca protected the skin and liver against significant increases in the lipid peroxidation activity observed in the unprotected animals.Conclusion The presence of significant antioxidant activity and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation suggest that the observed protection could be partly attributable to this mechanism.
CD26/dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV and adenosine deaminase serum levels in psoriatic patients treated with cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A phototherapy
Authors: Yıldırım Fatma Elif , Karaduman Ayşen , Pinar Asli , Aksoy Yasemin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective  The aim of this study is to determine serum levels of soluble forms of CD26/dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), thought to be markers of T‐cell activation, and changes in their levels in response to cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatments with respect to disease activity.Methods  This study is designed as a prospective clinical study with a control group and three months of follow‐up. The study included 41 patients with psoriasis and 41 healthy controls that were older than 18 years of age. There were three different treatment groups: PUVA (n = 15), cyclosporine (n = 15), and etanercept (n = 11). To determine disease severity of patients with psoriasis, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores were calculated.Results  Only mean serum ADA levels were different between patients with psoriasis [mean ± standard deviation (SD) = 13.9 ± 3.3 U/ml] and control group (mean ± SD = 12 ± 3.5 U/ml). Mean serum ADA levels were significantly higher before treatment than after treatment (mean ± SD = 12.4 ± 3.4 U/ml). Contrarily, following three months of therapy, mean serum CD26 levels increased significantly from 777.7 ± 214.6 to 835.3 ± 203 ng/ml (P < 0.05) and mean serum DPP‐IV activity increased significantly from 12.1 ± 4 to 15.9 ± 4.2 nmol/min (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between ADA and CD 26/DPP‐IV with PASI values.Conclusions  The results show that ADA might be a useful marker indicating disease activity and T‐cell activation. As significant changes were observed in serum CD26/DPP‐IV before and after treatment, we think CD26/DPP‐IV might play a role in psoriasis pathogenesis, which should be clarified by further studies.
Spectrum of autoimmune blistering dermatoses in Tunisia: an 11‐year study and a review of the literature
Authors: Zaraa Ines , Kerkeni Nadia , Ishak Faten , Zribi Hella , El Euch Dalenda , Mokni Mourad , Osman Amel Ben 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Autoimmune bullous dermatoses (ABD) are a rare but significant group of cutaneous disorders posing great diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the treating dermatologist. Few surveys have been carried out to describe the whole spectrum of ABD in a region.Objective  To determine the clinicoepidemiological features of various ABD.Methods  We retrospectively recruited all ABD cases seen during an 11‐year period (1997–2007).Results  One hundred and seventy‐four patients were involved (16.3 cases/year). Pemphigus was observed to be the most common ABD (53%), with the majority being pemphigus vulgaris (61%) vs. 36% of pemphigus foliaceus (Tunisian pemphigus).Discussion  Most epidemiological surveys have focused on a single or just one group of ABD. In our series, pemphigus foliaceus was relatively more prevalent than in occidental data. The frequencies of subepidermal immunobullous dermatoses in our study were in agreement with those in the literature.