bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Causes of Variation in the Sex Ratio of an Arrhenotokous Insect,Dahlbominus fuliginosus(Nees) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Wilkes A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUnlike most other arrhenotokous species,D.fuliginosusfemales cannot control fertilization of their eggs and in an optimal environment the sex ratio of any one strain is constant. Variations in the sex ratio occurred when unfavourable environmental conditions prevailed before, during and immediately following mating. Beyond half their life span, males inseminated less than half the females they mated and the inseminated females produced fewer female progeny. Temperatures above 27 °C. during post-embryonic development sterilized otherwise functional males but had much less effect on females. Structural defects of either sex were rare. Mating was successful only within the normal range for optimal adult activity. Although females were inseminated by more than one male, the sex ratio of their progeny was not affected. Larval mortality from superparasitism above 65 larvae per host differentially favoured survival of males, heightening the incidence of pairing in nature at low host population densities. The percentage females was significantly reduced when oviposition was interrupted, or delayed by low temperature, providing a possible explanation for the numerous reported differences in the sex ratio between laboratory and different geographically located populations.
Effects of Pollens on Fecundity and Longevity of AdultScambus buolianae(Htg.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Leius K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractExperiments indicated that pollen does not increase the length of life of the males ofScambus buolianae. Various pollens significantly increased either fecundity or longevity, or both, of the females. The greatest fecundity and longevity resulted from the addition of wild carrot and tulip pollen, Goldenrod, oriental poppy, or snapdragon pollen improved fecundity, while birch and ragweed pollen affected longevity only. Parasites have a greater chance of establishment in areas where they can find a rich vegetation of nectar- and pollen-producing plants, than in areas lacking such flowering plants.
Ambrosia Fungus Storage in Two Species of Gnathotrichus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Farris S. H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStained serial sections of Gnathotrichus retusus (Lec.) and Gnathotrichus sulcatus (Lec.) males showed an enlargement of the forecoxal cavities to contain fungus cells. No similar enlargement or fungus material was found in these cavities of the females.
Molluscs and Arthropods from Cardinal Nests at London, Ontario
Authors: Judd W. W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDuring 1960, 534 organisms were collected from 32 nests. In order of decreasing numbers they were ants, bark lice, beetles, mites, sowbugs, springtails, spiders, snails, millipeds, harvestmen, hemipterous nymphs, biting midges, a slug, a damsel bug and a wasp. Observations on their distribution among the nests are included.
Laboratory and Field Observations on Two Predators of the Pear Psylla in British Columbia
Authors: Watson T. K. , Wilde W. H. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDuring 1961 and 1962 observations were made on the activities of predators of the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Förster, in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. Attacking the psylla together, the anthocorid bug, Anthocoris melanocerus Reuter, and the green lacewing, Chrysopa oculata Say, gave more effective suppression than either predator alone. DDT and Diazinon drastically reduced numbers of these predators b commercial plantings. In non-sprayed, isolated orchards, trace numbers of these predators maintained effective control of pear psylla populations.
Territorial Behavior among Males of Protoxaea gloriosa (Fox) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)
Authors: Cazier M. A. , Linsley E. G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the vicinity of Douglas, Arizona, male Protoxaea gloriosa were noted establishing territories as early as July 16, 1962, although the principal emergence of both sexes occurred on July 26 and 27, following the first soaking summer rains. The territories involved flowering plants which were guarded during the morning hours, primarily between 7 a.m. and 11 a.m., against all other insect intruders except females of their own species. Guarded plants included those visited by females for nectar, or pollen, or both, as well as plants which they were not observed to visit at any time. Newly emerged females make their first flights during the morning hours in search of nectar for their own use. Male territorial behavior increases the probability of immediate mating with these virgin females. Mated females apparently lose their attractiveness to males and are allowed to visit guarded plants without interference. Such females collect pollen between 6 a.m. and 9:30 a.m., primarily from Solanum, and nectar up to about 11:30 a.m., primarily from Asclepias, Verbesina and Larrea. Male belligerence toward other bee visitors to these plants reduces actual or potential competition for pollen and/or nectar, as the case may be. After leaving their territories late in the morning, the males seek nectar for themselves, and later in the afternoon gather gregariously in large “balls” for “sleeping”, in marked contrast to their earlier intolerance of one another.
Les Formes du Puceron du Pois dans le Sud du Québec
Authors: Cartier J. J. 
Published: January 2010

RésuméEtant donné qu’on trouve dans le sud du Québec des màles ailés et aptères du puceron du pois,Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris) (Homoptera : Aphididae), on ne peut plus considérer cette espèce comme une sous-espèce de l’espèce européenne en se basant sur l’existence de mâles de forme exclusivement ailée en Amérique du Nord et en Afrique de l’Est et de forme aptère en Europe et en Asie. L’espèce québécoise se comporte différemment sur ses plantes-hôtes et ne montre pas de formes rouges comme c’est le cas dans l’espèce européenne.
Four Males of Andrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)
Authors: Knerer Gerhard , Atwood C. E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMany species in the genus Andrena have been described from one sex only. During studies of this genus in Ontario, the authors have associated the males of four species with the appropriate females. The males of Andrena (Trachandrena) alleghaniensis Viereck, A. (Leucandrena) chippewaensis Mitchell, A. (Conandrena) rufosignata Cockerell and A. (Gonandrena) dreisbachi Mitchell, all previously unknown, are described in this paper.
Attack and Brood Production of Ambrosia Beetles in Logging Debris
Authors: Dyer E. D. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), causes extensive damage to logs in coastal British Columbia. The logging debris or slash felled in the autumn has been found to be an important breeding place for these beetles. The shaded sides of the larger pieces of slash sustained the greatest attacks and produced the most brood. The population increased about four-fold as a result of breeding in slash and this increase was estimated to be more than one quarter of a million beetles per acre on the areas investigated. A very large population of these beetles can develop each year in districts where autumn and winter felling is in progress.
Seasonal and Diurnal Changes in the Age-composition of Adult. Simulium venustum Say (Diptera) Populations near Ottawa
Authors: Davies L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn Gatineau Park near Ottawa Simulium venustum adults were present in appreciable numbers around man (usually 20-100 flies/man/hr.) only between mid-May and mid-June in 1958-60, numbers after late June being negligible apparently because a succeeding generation failed to mature in significant quantity. It is suggested that differences in the duration of the S. venustum biting problem in different parts of eastern Canada largely depend on whether or not streams remain suitable for the aquatic stages after the spring generation derived from overwintered eggs has emerged.In sweep-net catches of flies attracted to man at fixed sites the proportion of parous flies was nil in mid-May and increased to near 100 per cent by mid-June, 3 change sometimes interrupted by the appearance of a second wave of nulliparous individuals from late fly-producing streams. The latter were anatomically indistinguishable from flies produced earlier apart from reduced body size. The results suggest that the populations studied were anautogenous and that there was no deviation from this condition that could be attributed to variations in the food available for larvae in different streams or at different times.The proportion of attracted parous flies containing relict eggs sometimes tended to increase towards the end of the season, suggesting that a large proportion of the few flies still remaining had completed two or more ovarian cycles.Parous flies tended to be particularly active in late afternoon and evening but instances when this diurnal pattern did not occur were observed.
Field Selection of Different Log Odors by Scolytid Beetles
Authors: Chapman J. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAir from a common source was divided and each portion blown through a separate large box containing, except for an empty control, logs from one tree species. Air from each box was conducted away and released between two window flight traps. Four coniferous tree species were represented in the test. Bark and ambrosia beetles from natural populations responded positively to log odors in the released air. There were differences in the response of beetle species to the log odors represented.
A New Species of Tetralopha (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Vaccinium
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTetralopha vacciniivora, new species, is described from material reared at Cedar Lake, Ontario, by officers of the Department of Forestry of Canada. The new species is compared with the poplar-feeding T. aplastella (Hulst), the maple-feeding species identified as T. asperatella (Clemens), and the oak-feeding T. expandens (Walker). T. nephelotella (Hulst) is sunk as a synonym of T. expandens.
New Neotropical Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe following pyraustine taxa are described as new: Syllepis religiosa, Bolivia; Herpetogramma obscurior, Peru; Zeuzerobotys, with type-species Z. mirabilis, Mexico; Megastes australis, Argentina and Bolivia; Liopasia anolopha, Ecuador.
Laboratory Studies on the Feeding Habits of Seven Species of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Ontario
Authors: Ayre G. L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPreliminary laboratory investigations of the feeding habits of seven species of ants occurring in southern Ontario showed that Camponotus herculeanus (Li.), Crematogaster lineolata (Say) and Formica exsectoides Forel are very predacious and will also eat dead insects. Myrmica americana Weber, Solenopsis molesta (Say) and Tapinoma sessile (Say) are also predacious, but probably because of the small size of the individuals and the colonies they are unable to capture large living insects. Lasius neoniger Emery, a relatively timid ant, may develop large populations and consume considerable numbers of other insects, but it is not recommended as a control agent because it can become troublesome on lawns.
Dispersal of Nymphs of the Grasshopper, Camnula pellucida (Scudd.)
Authors: Putnam L. G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNymphs of Camnula pellucida hatching from an egg-bed originally about 800 square yards in extent had occupied, by the time they had reached the immature adult stage, approximately 160 acres. For the first three weeks the main factors affecting direction of advancing fronts appeared to be topographical features. The average rate of most rapid advance during this stage was only about 6 yards daily. Subsequently, dispersal appeared to become more random and general, proceeding at a maximum rate of about 20 yards daily, and rather rapidly over-running or outflanking most topographical features that had at first seemed to channelize movement. Dispersal in the nymphal stage was followed by characteristic reassembly of adults for breeding.
Some Factors Affecting the Catches of Lepidoptera in Light Traps
Authors: Belton P. , Kempster R. H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBy comparing the number of moths caught in box-type traps, attractant light sources can be arranged in the following order of efficiency: 15-watt fluorescent rubes emitting ultraviolet and visible light > 15-watt fluorescent tubes emitting cool white light ≥ germicidal rubes behind glass > 15-watt fluorescent tubes emitting ultraviolet but little visible light ≥ 100-watt mercury-vapour bulbs emitting ultraviolet but little visible light. Noctuoid and large geometroid (sent. lat.) moths discriminate between these light sources on the basis of their spectral content, but pyraloids, other small microlepidoptera and some geometroids probably do not. Pyraloid moths escaped in significant numbers from traps with normal apertures (13/4-inch), after sunrise. They freely entered traps with narrow apertures (1/2-inch) but these traps caught fewer large moths.
Some Effects of Host Age on Parasitism byNasonia vitripennis(Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Wylie H. G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMortality of immatureNasonia vitripennis(Walk.) was least on young house fly pupae (less than 48 hours old, at 24.5 ± 0.5 °C.) and increased with increasing host age. Increased mortality on old hosts was manifested principally as a decrease in female adult progeny, numbers of adult males and of mature diapause larvae remaining approximately constant. Reduction in the percentage of females in the adult progeny reared on old hosts probably resulted from superparasitism. This kills more female than male larvae and occurred more commonly on old hosts, each of which provides a smaller quantity of suitable food for the immature parasites. Adults reared on old hosts were smaller and relatively fewer of them were able to emerge. The proportion of the total mature parasite progeny that remained in diapause was greater on old hosts, probably because of qualitative differences in the food provided by hosts of different ages.
Surveys of Adult Grasshoppers in Saskatchewan in Relation to Seasonal Development
Authors: Riegert P. W. , Pickford R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the past twenty years in Saskatchewan the rate of nymphal development of three species of grasshoppers has varied considerably from year to year and region to region. Camnula pellucida appeared as early as, or earlier than, the other two species. The average date of attainment of the adult stage was July 21 compared to August 4th for Melanoplus bilituratus and M. bivittatus. Adult surveys in Saskatchewan have generally coincided with the time when the dominant species of grasshoppers, in any region, have attained full morphological and sexual maturity and have had an opportunity to disperse and stabilize density. Duration of the surveys, in any one of seven regions, in the years 1958-1961, varied from 4-31 days and averaged 19 days per year. The total period of survey for the province varied from 25-42 days and averaged 30 days per year.Variations in seasonal histories of the several grasshopper species demand an elastic schedule for surveys. The concept of maintaining a standard and rigid “best time” for surveys is untenable in the light of the present investigations.
Immature Stages of Four Nearctic Notodontidae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Ferguson Douglas C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLast instar larvae and the pupae of Gluphisia avimacula, Notodonta simplaria, Dasylophia thyatiroides and Hyparpax perophoroides are described, compared with those of related species, and in part figured. Various ecological aspects are discussed and host plant information is provided in each case, with comments on the number of generations, times of occurrence and, with respect to simplaria and thyatiroides, on the regional prevalence of melanism.
Chemical‐looping combustion process: Kinetics and mathematical modeling
Authors: Iliuta Ion , Tahoces Raul , Patience Gregory S. , Rifflart Sebastien , Luck Francis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemical Looping Combustion technology involves circulating a metal oxide between a fuel zone where methane reacts under anaerobic conditions to produce a concentrated stream of CO2 and water and an oxygen rich environment where the metal is reoxidized. Although the needs for electrical power generation drive the process to high temperatures, lower temperatures (600–800°C) are sufficient for industrial processes such as refineries. In this paper, we investigate the transient kinetics of NiO carriers in the temperature range of 600 to 900°C in both a fixed bed microreactor (WHSV = 2‐4 g CH4/h/g oxygen carrier) and a fluid bed reactor (WHSV = 0.014‐0.14 g CH4/h per g oxygen carrier). Complete methane conversion is achieved in the fluid bed for several minutes. In the microreactor, the methane conversion reaches a maximum after an initial induction period of less than 10 s. Both CO2 and H2O yields are highest during this induction period. As the oxygen is consumed, methane conversion drops and both CO and H2 yields increase, whereas the CO2 and H2O concentrations decrease. The kinetics parameter of the gas–solids reactions (reduction of NiO with CH4, H2, and CO) together with catalytic reactions (methane reforming, methanation, shift, and gasification) were estimated using experimental data obtained on the fixed bed microreactor. Then, the kinetic expressions were combined with a detailed hydrodynamic model to successfully simulate the comportment of the fluidized bed reactor. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Heat conduction from two spheres
Authors: Alassar R. S. , Alminshawy B. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn exact solution of heat conduction from two spheres is obtained using the bispherical coordinates system. The two spheres may be of different diameters and may be located at any distance from each other. The solution is given in terms of the temperature distribution and the local and average Nusselt numbers. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Reduced intensity conditioning regimen with fludarabine, busulfan, and low‐dose TBI (Flu‐BU2‐TBI): Clinical efficacy in high‐risk patients
Authors: Takahata Mutsumi , Hashino Satoshi , Okada Kohei , Onozawa Masahiro , Kahata Kaoru , Sugita Junichi , Shigematsu Akio , Kondo Takeshi , Yamamoto Satoshi , Endo Tomoyuki , Nishio Mitsufumi , Ito Yoichi M. , Tanaka Junji , Koike Takao , Asaka Masahiro , Imamura Masahiro 
Published: January 2010

AbstractReduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens are widely used in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). In this study, we retrospectively investigated the clinical outcomes of RIC with fludarabine (Flu; 180 mg/m2), intravenous busulfan (BU; 6.4 mg/kg) or oral BU (8 mg/kg), and low‐dose total body irradiation (TBI; 4 Gy) (Flu‐BU2‐TBI) in 66 patients (median age: 54.5 years) with various hematological malignancies. Thirty‐eight patients (58%) were high‐risk patients (median age: 56 years). The overall survival rate at 2 years of the high‐risk patients was 64.5%, which was comparable to the survival rate of 70.9% in standard‐risk patients (P = 0.68). The relapse rates at 2 years in the standard‐risk and high‐risk patients were 16 and 28%, respectively, and day 100 treatment‐related mortality rates were 0 and 6%, respectively. The Flu‐BU2‐TBI regimen for high‐risk patients showed therapeutic effects equivalent to those for standard‐risk patients and favorable outcomes compared with those of other previous RIC regimens. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Omnipotence, retreat from reality and finance: psychoanalytic reflections on the 2008 financial crisis
Authors: Morante Flavia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA crisis of vast proportions struck the global financial sector in 2008 and as the world watched in disbelief venerable financial institutions, thought to be “too big to fail,” collapsed and governments struggled to salvage what they could, individuals, the media and public authorities asked why it happened. As the crisis unfolded and its seriousness became undeniable disbelief turned into anger and need to find and punish the culprits. Public opprobrium fell on governments, regulatory authorities but first and foremost on bankers. Collective responsibility did not seem to enter public awareness.This paper argues that an important psychological factor underpinning the crisis was the collective need to escape the reality of an increasingly complex and vulnerable global world and find an illusory refuge in the ownership of money and property. On the trail of a favorable economic cycle, financial operators, regulatory authorities and the public colluded in the illusion, which eventually developed into something akin to a psychic retreat, that financial markets would provide effortless and everlasting wealth and home ownership to an increasing number of people. The paper considers how omnipotence, illusion and the absence of the father/authority figure as the psychic representative of reality fostered a manic wave of rampant optimism, greed and overconfident investors. The crisis happened when reality eventually shattered the illusion, the ensuing chasm revealing the world in all its vulnerability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the relation between the association strength and other similarity measures
Authors: Egghe Leo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA graph in van Eck and Waltman [JASIST, 60(8), 2009, p. 1644], representing the relation between the association strength and the cosine, is partially explained as a sheaf of parabolas, each parabola being the functional relation between these similarity measures on the trajectories $\vec {X} \cdot \vec {Y} = a $, a constant. Based on earlier obtained relations between cosine and other similarity measures (e.g., Jaccard index), we can prove new relations between the association strength and these other measures.
Global value chains, local collective action and corporate social responsibility: a review of empirical evidence
Authors: Lund‐Thomsen Peter , Nadvi Khalid 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA key debate in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature is the tension between global pressures and local responses. Developing country suppliers often grumble that CSR compliance adds costs. Yet, local collective action, articulated through industry associations, can potentially reduce costs and promote local embeddedness of CSR initiatives. Through case study analysis, this paper considers how demands for CSR compliance prompted collective action responses in selected developing country export industries. We argue that differences in collective responses can be partially explained by how local export industries are inserted into global value chains. We distinguish between ‘highly visible’ value chains, led by internationally well known brands as lead firms, and relatively ‘less visible’ chains, where external CSR pressures come from a variety of sources, including less dominant lead firms, international/national regulatory frameworks and national media. This differentiation suggests a possible trade‐off between the independence and the embeddedness of collective CSR initiatives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.