bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latest Advances and Challenges in Extreme Flood 3D Simulation
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Johnson Fiona M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter canvasses the latest developments in the modelling and communication of environmental extremes, with a focus on floods. Three scenarios are explored. The first refers to real-time prediction, including the current modelling basis that is adopted, and the visualisation/communication strategies in place. The second refers to an environmental extreme event that is conditional to a failure scenario, as is the case when an existing infrastructure (i.e. levee or spillway in an extreme flood) fails. The third, more complex scenario is the occurrence of a compound or joint extreme, possibly in the future, where extreme storms will intensify. A compound extreme here could represent a flood event that follows from an incident of rare storm conditions on a fire-damaged landscape. While the modelling challenges are significant, visualisation is even more challenging, as the scenario occurs under a hypothetical future. Demonstrating how coupled models can support the anticipation of extreme event scenarios, the chapter considers implications for risk assessment and communication that can support future preparedness and resilience. Surveying knowledge gaps that still need to be bridged, the authors formulate a list of key requirements in the fields of data availability, processing and representation.
On the Product Functor on Inner forms of the General Linear Group Over A Non-Archimedean Local Field
Authors: Chan Kei Yuen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLet $$G_n$$

G
n

be an inner form of a general linear group over a non-Archimedean local field. We fix an arbitrary irreducible representation $$\sigma $$
σ
of $$G_n$$

G
n

. Building on the work of Lapid-Mínguez on the irreducibility of parabolic inductions, we show how to define a full subcategory of the category of smooth representations of some $$G_m$$

G
m

, on which the parabolic induction functor $$\tau \mapsto \tau \times \sigma $$

τ
↦
τ
×
σ

is fully-faithful. A key ingredient of our proof for the fully-faithfulness is constructions of indecomposable representations of length 2. Such result for a special situation has been previously applied in proving the local non-tempered Gan-Gross-Prasad conjecture for non-Archimedean general linear groups. In this article, we apply the fully-faithful result to prove a certain big derivative arising from Jacquet functor satisfies the property that its socle is irreducible and has multiplicity one in the Jordan-Hölder sequence of the big derivative.
Online training for hearing implant surgery
Authors: Rak Kristen , Kaulitz Stefan , Voelker Johannes , Müller-Graff Franz-Tassilo , Engert Jonas , Spahn Björn , Hackenberg Stephan , Grasso Peter , Hagen Rudolf 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
Education in microsurgery of the ear includes staged training to allow for mastering of the complex microsurgical procedures, particularly in the context of middle ear reconstruction and cochlear implantation. Traditional surgical training includes temporal bone preparations by cadaver dissection and supervised operating room practice. As these on-site trainings are limited, there is a need to broaden education facilities in an on-line format. Therefore, a first basic on-line training for otosurgery was developed.

Materials and methods
The system consists of an artificial temporal bone model together with a set of basic surgical instruments and implant dummies. As an essential part of the training kit, a high-resolution camera set is included that allows for connection to a video streaming platform and enables remote supervision of the trainees’ surgical steps by experienced otological surgeons. In addition, a pre-learning platform covering temporal bone anatomy and instrumentation and pre-recorded lectures and instructional videos has been developed to allow trainees to review and reinforce their understanding before hands-on practice.

Results
Over the three courses held to date, 28 participants with varying levels of prior surgical experience took part in this otological surgical training program. The immediate feedback of the participants was evaluated by means of a questionnaire. On this basis, the high value of the program became apparent and specific areas could by identified where further refinements could lead to an even more robust training experience.

Conclusion
The presented program of an otosurgical online training allows for basal education in practical exercises on a remote system. In this way, trainees who have no direct access to on-site instruction facilities in ear surgery now have the chance to start their otosurgical training in an educational setting adapted to modern technologies.
Size effects of voids on the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts
Authors: Gonabadi Hassan , Hosseini Seyed Farhad , Chen Yao , Bull Steve 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough the effects of additive manufacturing process parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts have been numerically investigated in the literature, less attention has been paid on the size effects of voids between deposited filaments. This study fills this gap by developing a methodology based on a combined finite element (FE) and design of experiment (DoE) technique. The development of FE methodology is based on micro-mechanical analysis of representative volume element (RVE) of 3D printed parts to predict the effective orthotropic properties. To account for the size effects of inter-bead voids, the RVE includes contribution of the multiple parameters of layer heights, layer widths and overlapping regions. To study the main and interaction effects of the above input parameters on the stiffness properties of 3D printed parts, a structured approach based on full factorial design is used. Although the size effects of voids on the constituents of elastic moduli of RVE were investigated, the main focus in the present work is to develop a regression model to predict the stiffness properties. The FE stress analysis of the RVE conducted in this study provides an insight about the potential failure modes such as delamination and filament debonding that may occur in load bearing 3D printed parts. For a case study, the results of FE-based homogenization technique in terms of stiffness properties are validated against the experimental data via three-point bending and Iosipescu shear tests which were conducted in conjunction with digital image correlation technique. The combined numerical and statistical approach proposed in this study provides a swift iterative design of 3D printed parts prior to the time-consuming computation modelling, contributing to reduce the number of tests and manufacturing costs.
Surface roughness evaluation when brushing heat-resistant alloy components
Authors: González Mikel , Rodríguez Adrián , Pereira Octavio , de Lacalle Luis Norberto López 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNowadays, the combination of additive manufacturing technologies, together with the use of materials such as Inconel 718, opens new opportunities in the manufacture of aeronautical turbines. However, parts obtained directly through additive manufacturing are far from being considered suitable in their initial state, as they exhibit a poor surface finish that compromises their mechanical characteristics. Common among the defects found in such components are ridges stemming from thermal deformations during the powder fusion process. Therefore, abrasive brushing emerges as the prevalent method to rectify these surface imperfections. However, conventional roughness indicators prove insufficient in accurately characterizing such local defects during surface analysis. Consequently, this study investigates surface conditions of Inconel 718 parts produced through additive manufacturing, particularly focusing on defects caused by peak alignments along the powder fusion direction. Thus, a series of frontal brushing operations were conducted under varying conditions, with the aim of increasing the feed rate to address these defects. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the brushing process was assessed through the calculation of peak areas. The analysis of this indicator revealed that the maximum feed rate enabling complete removal of the peak marks was 500 mm/min.
Comparison of supine–prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy methods in the treatment of kidney stones in pediatric patients: prospective randomized study
Authors: Eryılmaz Recep , Ertas Kasım , Aslan Rahmi , Sevim Mehmet , Keles Muhammed Fatih , Taken Kerem 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMini-PCNL is one of the most effective surgical methods in the treatment of kidney stones in pediatric patients. In this study, we aimed to compare PCNL in the supine–prone position in pediatric patients (especially operation time, postop complications, hospital stay and stone-free rates).We conducted our study in a randomized and prospective manner. Patients with lower pole stones larger than 1 cm, stones larger than 1.5 cm in the pelvis, upper pole, midpole or multiple locations, and patients who did not respond to ESWL or whose family that preferred mini-PCNL to be the primary treatment were included in the study. Patients with any previous kidney stone surgery, patients with coagulation disorders and patients with retrorenal colon were excluded from the study. Between 2021 and 2023, a total of 144 patients underwent PCNL. 68 of these patients had supine PCNL and 76 prone PCNL. Postoperative Clavien grade1 complication occurred in a total of 7 patients in the prone position; Clavien grade1 complication occurred in 1 patient in the supine position. The mean operation time for prone PCNL was 119.88 ± 28.32 min, and the mean operative time for supine PCNL was 98.12 ± 14.97 the mean hospitalization time in prone PCNL was 3.56 ± 1.12 days, and 3.00 ± 0.85 days in supine PCNL. In conclusion, supine PCNL is a safe and effective method in the treatment of pediatric kidney stones and postoperative complications were observed to be less; the operation time and hospital stay were shorter in supine PCNL.
Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3): a new biomarker for necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
Authors: Shen Lirong , Yang Zuming , Gao Chuchu , Li Lili , Wang Yu , Cai Yan , Feng Zongtai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the role of receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) in the diagnosis, estimation of disease severity, and prognosis of premature infants with necrotising enterocolitis (NEC).

Methods
RIPK3, lactic acid (LA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured in the peripheral blood of 108 premature infants between 2019 and 2023, including 24 with stage II NEC, 18 with stage III NEC and 66 controls. Diagnostic values of the indicators for NEC were evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results
Plasma RIPK3 and LA levels upon NEC suspicion in neonates with stage III NEC were 32.37 ± 16.20 ng/mL. The ROC curve for the combination of RIPK3, LA, CRP for NEC diagnosis were 0.925. The time to full enteral feeding (FEFt) after recovery from NEC was different between two expression groups of plasma RIPK3 (RIPK3 < 20.06 ng/mL and RIPK3 ≥ 20.06 ng/mL).

Conclusion
Plasma RIPK3 can be used as a promising marker for the diagnosis and estimation of disease severity of premature infants with NEC and for the guidance on proper feeding strategies after recovery from NEC.
Public sector and human capital: on the mechanics of economic development
Authors: Bethencourt Carlos , Perera-Tallo Fernando 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a theory about the allocation of human capital along the development process that helps to understand the controversial impact of this variable in growth regressions. We build a model in which human capital is allocated to three activities: production, tax collection (bureaucracy), and public education. At the first stage of development, countries have low effective tax rates because tax collection requires human capital, which is scarce. As countries accumulate human capital throughout the transition, the effective tax rate rises, diverting human capital from production to bureaucracy and public education. Consequently, at this stage, human capital has a weak impact on production, even when the human capital allocation is efficient. Furthermore, disparities in institutional quality may diminish the correlation between human capital and GDP.
„Verhaltenstherapie“ heute – eine Kurzcharakteristik
Authors: Egger Josef Wilhelm 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie „Verhaltenstherapie“ zählt zu den – historisch und wissenschaftlich betrachtet – fundamentalen Psychotherapietraditionen. Wenngleich die vielen theoretischen und praktischen Ansätze heute kein einheitliches „Schulengebäude“ mehr ergeben, so verbindet doch alle „verhaltenstheoretischen“ Konzepte die Forderung nach empirisch-wissenschaftlicher Überprüfung ihrer Vorgehensweisen und Wirkelemente. Für die Nutzung dieser relativ großen, international verankerten Therapierichtung wird heute – insbesondere auch für die Anwendung innerhalb medizinischer Rahmenbedingungen – eine methodenoffene Konzeption favorisiert, die in ihrer aktuellen kognitiv-behavioralen Form bisweilen auch als „Integrative Verhaltenstherapie“ oder „Psychologische Psychotherapie“ bezeichnet wird. Ihre allgemeinen Kennzeichen sind die gute wissenschaftliche Fundierung, die große Anwendungsbreite, ihre transparente Therapiegestaltung, das breite Spektrum an Methoden sowie der emanzipatorische Ansatz gemäß dem Motto „professionelle Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe“. Dies und die Einbettung in die erweiterte bio-psycho-soziale Theorie von Gesundheit und Krankheit unterstützt die gewünschte Integration von psychosozialen und biomedizinischen Aspekten in der Praxis in hervorragender Weise.
Speciation of antimony and vanadium in municipal solid waste incineration ashes analyzed by XANES spectroscopy
Authors: Vogel Christian , Scholz Philipp , Kalbe Ute , Caliebe Wolfgang , Tayal Akhil , Vasala Sami Juhani , Simon Franz-Georg 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe use of ashes from municipal solid waste incineration as secondary building materials is an important pillar for the circular economy in Germany. However, leaching of potential toxic elements from these materials must be at environmentally acceptable levels. Normally, a three-month ageing period immobilizes most hazardous heavy metals, but antimony (Sb) and vanadium (V) showed previously unusual leaching. In order to clarify the mechanisms, we analyzed the Sb and V species in various bottom and fly ashes from municipal waste incineration by XANES spectroscopy. Antimony oxidizes from Sb(+ III) species used as flame retardants in plastics to Sb(+ V) compounds during waste incineration. However, owing to the similarity of different Sb(+ V) compound in the Sb K- and L-edge XANES spectra, it was not possible to accurately identify an exact Sb(+ V) species. Moreover, V is mainly present as oxidation state + V compound in the analyzed ashes. However, the coarse and magnetic fraction of the bottom ashes contain larger amounts of V(+ III) and V(+ IV) compounds which might enter the waste incineration from vanadium carbide containing steel tools. Thus, Sb and V could be critical potential toxic elements in secondary building materials and long-term monitoring of the release should be taken into account in the future.
Optimal treatment conditions for low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: applications from mice to humans
Authors: Shindo Tomohiko , Eguchi Kumiko , Monma Yuto , Kanai Hiroshi , Yasuda Satoshi , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We previously developed a novel therapy with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) that ameliorates cognitive decline through upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial, we demonstrated that whole-brain LIPUS therapy is safe and tends to suppress the cognitive decline in early AD patients. We herein report the findings of our basic experiments that we performed for the pilot trial in order to apply whole-brain LIPUS therapy to humans, as well.

Methods
First, we examined the relationship between bone density/thickness and ultrasound transmittance using human temporal bone. Next, based on the results of ultrasound transmittance, we further examined mRNA expression of VEGF, FGF2, and eNOS in response to variable ultrasound frequencies, duty cycles, and sound pressures.

Results
There was a significant correlation between bone thickness and transmittance (1.0 MHz, P < 0.001), while there was no significant correlation between bone density and transmittance (1.0 MHz, P = 0.421). At a frequency of 0.5 MHz, the optimum duty cycle was considered to be up to 20%. When the tissue amplitude was in the range of 0.05–0.5 MPa, VEGF, FGF2, and eNOS were significantly upregulated by LIPUS. Thus, the conditions necessary for LIPUS therapy for the human brain were identified as sound pressure just below the probe 1.3 MPa (tissue amplitude 0.15 MPa), duty cycle 5%, and frequency 0.5 MHz.

Conclusion
We successfully identified the optimal treatment conditions for LIPUS therapy for patients with AD.
Diabetic retinopathy detection using supervised and unsupervised deep learning: a review study
Authors: Naz Huma , Ahuja Neelu Jyothi , Nijhawan Rahul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe severe progression of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) stands out as one of the most significant concerns for healthcare officials worldwide. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a common complication associated with diabetes, particularly affecting individuals between the ages of 18 and 65. As per the findings of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) report, 35–60% of individuals suffering from DR possess a diabetes history. DR emerges as a leading cause of worldwide visual impairment. Due to the absence of ophthalmologists worldwide, insufficient health resources, and healthcare services, patients cannot get timely eye screening services. Automated computer-aided detection of DR provides a wide range of potential benefits. In contrast to traditional observer-driven techniques, automatic detection allows for a more objective analysis of numerous images in a shorter time. Moreover, Unsupervised Learning (UL) holds a high potential for image classification in healthcare, particularly regarding explainability and interpretability. Many studies on the detection of DR with both supervised and unsupervised Deep Learning (DL) methodologies are available. Surprisingly, none of the reviews presented thus far have highlighted the potential benefits of both supervised and unsupervised DL methods in Medical Imaging for the detection of DR. After a rigorous selection process, 103 articles were retrieved from four diverse and well-known databases (Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and IEEE). This review provides a comprehensive summary of both supervised and unsupervised DL methods applied in DR detection, explaining the significant benefits of both techniques and covering aspects such as datasets, pre-processing, segmentation techniques, and supervised and unsupervised DL methods for detection. The insights from this review will aid academics and researchers in medical imaging to make informed decisions and choose the best practices for DR detection.
Coculture of abalone (Haliotis midae) and sea cucumber (Neostichopus grammatus) to reduce tank cleaning frequency in abalone farming
Authors: Onomu Abigail John , Slater Matthew James , Vine Niall Gordon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAbalone farming produces nutrient-rich sludge, and the frequent cleaning and removal of sludge from abalone tanks is labour and capital-intensive. This study aimed to assess the effect of culture methods and tank cleaning frequency on abalone growth, water quality, and sludge characteristics. The study was conducted for 16 weeks. Four treatments were used, namely, abalone cocultured with sea cucumber cleaned once (AS1) and twice weekly (AS2); abalone monoculture cleaned once (A1) and cleaned twice weekly (A2). Abalone (initial avg weight = 40.9 g) were maintained under commercial stocking conditions in flow through systems at a salinity of 35 ppt and fed a commercial formulated diet (Abfeed™) and fresh seaweed (Ulva lacinulata and Gracillaria gracilis). The stocking densities were 200 abalone m−2 and 50 sea cucumbers m−2. The sea cucumbers (initial average weight = 12.5 g) fed on the abalone faeces and leftover feed, which settled at the abalone tank's bottom (sludge). There was a significant interaction between the type of culture and the frequency of cleaning on abalone weight (F (1,476) = 12.41, p < 0.001). Abalone in the A2 treatment group showed higher growth (p = 0.006) than those of the A1 treatment group, while abalone in AS1 had significantly higher growth (p < 0.001) than those in the AS2 treatment group. Also, abalone in AS1 showed higher growth (p = 0.026) than abalone in the A1 treatment. However, abalone in AS1 had growth similar (p = 0.53) to those in A2. The survival rate of the sea cucumbers was high, however, the sea cucumbers experienced a reduction in weight regardless of the treatment. This study showed that growth optimisation in abalone farming can be achieved by cleaning tanks twice instead of once weekly. However, when abalone are cocultured with sea cucumber, tanks need only be cleaned once a week without compromising abalone growth or water quality. The coculture of abalone and sea cucumber results in an additional aquacultured product, a significant reduction in labour and other associated costs of cleaning, without an additional cost of production.
Functional traits differ across an invasive tree species’ native, introduced, and invasive populations
Authors: Gundale Michael J. , Lindberg Lisa , Fajardo Alex , Nuñez Martin A. , Nilsson Marie-Charlotte , Kardol Paul , Moyano Jaime , Nuske Susan J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is often speculated that non-native invasive species undergo rapid changes in their phenotypic properties (i.e., traits) that provide adaptive advantage in their new environment. However, few studies have directly compared traits of invasive non-native species with their native counterparts to reveal whether such phenotypic changes occur, and which stages of initial introduction and subsequent invasion contribute to these shifts. We studied trait variation of an invasive tree, Pinus contorta, which is native to northwestern North America and invasive in the Patagonia region of South America (i.e., Argentina and Chile). Commercial plantations of P. contorta were introduced extensively in Patagonia from the 1970s onward, from an unknown seed origin within the Pacific Northwest, USA, where three sub-species are found, including subsp. contorta, latifolia, and murrayana. We employed a home-versus-away study approach, where we compared mean growth, defense, and reproduction trait values, and mean within-stand trait variation (Coefficient of Variation, CV) of Patagonia plantations, with the three native sub-species. We further compared mean traits, and trait CVs between invasive P. contorta and the Patagonia plantations from which they escaped. Patagonia plantations shared the most similar mean trait values with subsp. latifolia and murrayana, suggesting possible source populations. However, both mean trait values and trait CVs of Patagonia plantations differed from all three native sub-species, indicating potential founder effects, population bottlenecks, and/or plastic responses to their new environment that occurred during or after introduction. We also found evidence for selective change during invasion; however, these differences did not suggest growth traits were prioritized over defense traits, which was inconsistent with hypotheses that invaders exhibit an evolutionary trade-off between defense traits and growth traits. Our study highlights that processes occurring both at first introduction and establishment, as well as the subsequent invasion phase can influence the phenotype of successful invaders.