bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les Aroumains en Roumanie depuis 1990 : comment se passer d'une (belle-)mère patrie devenue encombrante
Authors: Trifon Nicolas 
Published: January 2011

Aromanians in Romania since 1990:
How to do without a cumbersome fatherland?
The self-identification of a significant number of Aromanians as a distinct group in Romania came as a surprise. Not only is their Latin- based language close to Romanian; but also, during the last decades of the Ottoman Empire, Romania funded schools for Aromanians living along the borders shared by Greece, Albania, Macedonia and Bulgaria. The Aromanians in Romania moved from this area, and most of them settled in southern Dobruja between 1925 and 1932. Following a description of the arguments used, in 2005, by advocates and opponents of granting Aromanians the status of "national minority", the stakes are evaluated at the scale of Romania and of the Balkans. Questions are raised about the formation of a sense of identity in Aromanian communities and the forms of political activism arising out of it.
Phoretic mite associates of mountain pine beetle at the leading edge of an infestation in northwestern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Mori Boyd A. , Proctor Heather C. , Walter David E. , Evenden Maya L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe identified species of mites phoretically associated with mountain pine beetle,Dendroctonus ponderosaeHopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), collected from bolts of lodgepole pine,Pinus contortaDouglasexLouden (Pinaceae), and pheromone-baited traps in northwestern Alberta, Canada. Mite load and species composition were compared between beetle sexes and with beetle emergence time and estimated body size. The vast majority of mites associated withD. ponderosaein Alberta belonged to three species:Proctolaelaps subcorticalisLindquist (Acari: Mesostigmata: Melicharidae),Histiogaster arborsignisWoodring (Acari: Astigmatina: Acaridae), andTarsonemus ipsLindquist (Acari: Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae). There was no difference in mite loads on male and female beetles recovered from bolts in the laboratory and those from pheromone-baited traps in the field. More mites were found on larger beetles in the laboratory, but onlyT. ipsshowed this pattern on field-trapped beetles. There was no relationship between total mite load or load by mite species and beetle emergence time in the laboratory, but total mite load on field-trapped beetles decreased over the collecting season (10 June – 3 September 2009) at five collection locations (Grovedale, Blueberry Mountain, Hythe, Evergreen Park, and Glenleslie). This study is the first to document the assemblage of phoretic mites onD. ponderosaein Alberta and will help to direct future research on their interactions.
Estimating Standard Errors for the Parks Model: Can Jackknifing Help?
Authors: Reed W. Robert , Webb Rachel S. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Non-spherical errors, namely heteroscedasticity, serial correlation and crosssectional correlation are commonly present within panel data sets. These can cause significant problems for econometric analyses. The FGLS(Parks) estimator has been demonstrated to produce considerable efficiency gains in these settings. However, it suffers from underestimation of coefficient standard errors, oftentimes severe. Potentially, jackknifing the FGLS(Parks) estimator could allow one to maintain the efficiency advantages of FGLS(Parks) while producing more reliable estimates of coefficient standard errors. Accordingly, this study investigates the performance of the jackknife estimator of FGLS(Parks) using Monte Carlo experimentation. We find that jackknifing can—in narrowly defined situations—substantially improve the estimation of coefficient standard errors. However, its overall performance is not sufficient to make it a viable alternative to other panel data estimators.
Evaluating Firearm Violence After New Jersey’s Cash Bail Reform
Authors: Jahn Jaquelyn L. , Simes Jessica T. , Jay Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceReducing the pretrial detention population has been a cornerstone of movements to end mass incarceration. Across many US cities, there are ongoing public debates on policies that would end pretrial detention due to the inability to afford bail, with some raising concerns that doing so would increase community violence.ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in firearm violence after New Jersey’s 2017 bail reform policy that eliminated financial barriers to avoiding pretrial detention.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control study used synthetic control methods to examine changes in firearm mortality and combined fatal and nonfatal shootings in New Jersey (2014-2019). New Jersey was chosen because it was one of the first states to systematically implement cash bail reform. Outcomes in New Jersey were compared with a weighted combination of 36 states that did not implement any kind of reform to pretrial detention during the study period. Data were analyzed from April 2023 to March 2024.ExposureImplementation of New Jersey’s cash bail reform law in 2017.Main Outcomes and MeasuresQuarterly rates of fatal and nonfatal firearm assault injuries and firearm self-harm injuries per 100 000 people.ResultsAlthough New Jersey’s pretrial detention population dramatically decreased under bail reform, the study did not find evidence of increases in overall firearm mortality (average treatment effect on the treated, −0.26 deaths per 100 000) or gun violence (average treatment effect on the treated, −0.24 deaths per 100 000), or within racialized groups during the postpolicy period.Conclusions and RelevanceIncarceration and gun violence are major public health problems impacting racially and economically marginalized groups. Cash bail reform may be an important tool for reducing pretrial detention and advancing health equity without exacerbating community violence.
Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid Across Various Indications for Use
Authors: Smolinski Nicole E. , Sarayani Amir , Thai Thuy N. , Jugl Sebastian , Ewig Celeste L. Y. , Winterstein Almut G. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceTeratogenic outcomes associated with valproic acid use represent a substantial concern for persons of childbearing age. Regulatory agencies worldwide have enhanced warnings or implemented risk minimization programs to reduce exposure during pregnancy.ObjectivesTo determine pregnancy rates during valproic acid use and concomitant contraception use across indications.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the Merative MarketScan commercial claims databases from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2020, to identify female patients aged 12 to 44 years who initiated valproic acid treatment and had continuous insurance enrollment 6 months before initiation and 9 months after treatment end. A treatment episode included consecutive prescription fills that occurred within 7 days from the end of the days’ supply of the previous dispensing. Data were analyzed from March 1 to September 10, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTreatment episodes were categorized by inferred indication using diagnoses preceding treatment initiation, including epilepsy, migraine or headache, mood disorders, and unknown or off-label uses. Pregnancy incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated and were adjusted for age and calendar year. Contraceptive use (prescription contraceptives, intrauterine devices, and implants) during treatment was examined.ResultsThe cohort included 165 772 valproic acid treatment episodes among 69 390 women (mean [SD] age, 29.8 [10.0] years). Mood disorders (42.5%) were the most common indication, followed by migraine or headache (20.1%), with epilepsy playing a minor role (14.9%). Pregnancy incidence rates during valproic acid use remained unchanged, with a rate of 1.74 (95% CI, 1.14-2.53) per 100 person-years in 2005 and a rate of 1.90 (95% CI, 1.16-3.12) per 100 person-years in 2019. Compared with epilepsy, pregnancy rates were more than double for mood disorder (IRR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.93-2.42]) and migraine or headache (IRR, 2.01 [95% CI, 1.92-2.09]). Few treatment episodes coincided with contraceptive use (37 012 [22.3%]), and oral dosage forms were the most common (27 069 [73.1%]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients of childbearing age who used valproic acid, pregnancy rates during valproic acid use did not decrease despite enhanced US Food and Drug Administration safety communications, and contraception use remained low. Patients with migraine and mood disorders accounted for the largest proportion of valproic acid use and had the highest pregnancy rates, while patients with epilepsy had the lowest. These findings suggest a need to enhance efforts to mitigate prenatal exposure to valproic acid, especially for indications where the risk of use during pregnancy outweighs the benefit.
Association of serum Spp1 levels with disease progression in ALS and SBMA
Authors: Ju Woohee , Ban Jae‐Jun , Im Hye‐ryeong , Ko Sun Hi , Seo Jaewoo , Min Young Gi , Hong Yoon‐Ho , Choi Seok‐Jin , Sung Jung‐Joon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn comparison with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the contribution of neuroinflammation in spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) has been less explored. We investigated the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of ALS and SBMA by analyzing systemic inflammatory markers and osteopontin (Spp1).MethodsThis study involved 105 ALS, 77 SBMA, and 55 healthy controls. We measured their systemic inflammatory markers, serum Spp1, and cytokine levels (interferon‐γ, interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and IL‐17A), investigated correlations between Spp1 levels and clinical features, and evaluated ALS survival rates according to Spp1 levels.ResultsIn the ALS group, systemic inflammatory markers were significantly higher than in the control and SBMA groups. Spp1 levels were observed to be higher in ALS patients, but the difference was not statistically significant among the study groups. Cytokine profiles were comparable. In ALS, higher Spp1 levels were correlated with lower ALS Functional Rating Scale‐Revised (ALSFRS‐R) scores (r = −0.25, p = 0.02) and faster disease progression rate (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). After adjusting for other prognostic indicators, high Spp1 levels were independently associated with shorter survival in ALS patients (hazard ratio 13.65, 95% confidence interval 2.57–72.53, p < 0.01).InterpretationNeuroinflammation does not appear to be a primary contributor to the pathogenesis of SBMA. Serum Spp1 levels may serve as a reliable biomarker for disease progression and prognosis in ALS. These findings expand our understanding of these two distinct motor neuron disorders and offer a potential biomarker for future studies.
Tunable Full‐Color Mechanoluminescence in Rare Earth‐Doped Transparent Amorphous Glass
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Yang Xiuxia , Xiao Jianqiang , Li Xin , Peng Qingpeng , Luo Siyuan , Ba Huaiqiang , Zhang Yu , Xu Xuhui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) with the unique mechanical‐to‐optical energy conversion attracts wide attention for stress sensing. However, the development of ML materials is primarily based on crystalline material due to the crystal structure can provide an appropriate crystal field environment for emission center, which limits the expansion of ML materials and affects the deeper understanding of ML mechanism. Herein, the tunable full‐color ML can be achieved in transparent amorphous glass system. The rare earth‐doped transparent amorphous glass can produce ML under stress stimulations when in direct contact with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or mixed with PDMS to prepare the ML elastomers. Based on the excellent ML performance of amorphous glass, an advanced device regarding the visualized detection of automotive brake tribo‐force has been developed. The findings provide profound insights into the triboelectric potential induced ML phenomenon, which offers the guiding significance in the mechanics‐related visualized detection and the design of multi‐color ML materials in the future.
Intercalation‐Induced Localized Conversion Reaction in h‐CuSe for Ultrafast‐Rechargeable and Long‐Cycling Sodium Metal Battery
Authors: Chen Dongliang , Xu Yunkai , Lu Jianguo , Tian Yang , Li Tongtong , Jia Peng , Wang Xu , Zhang Liqiang , Hou Yang , Wang Liguang , Zhang Qinghua , Ye Zhizhen , Lu Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCathode materials of sodium‐based batteries with high specific capacity and fast charge–discharge mode, as well as ultralong reversible cycles at wide applied temperatures, are essential for future development of advanced energy storage system. Developing transition metal selenides with intercalation features provides a new strategy for realizing the above cathode materials. Herein, this work reports a storage mechanism of sodium ion in hexagonal CuSe (h‐CuSe) based on the density functional theory (DFT) guidance. This work reveals that the two‐dimensional ion intercalation triggers localized redox reaction in the h‐CuSe bulk phase, termed intercalation‐induced localized conversion (ILC) mechanism, to stabilize the sodium storage structure by forming localized Cu7Se4 transition phase and adjusting the near‐edge coordination state of the Cu sites to achieve high reversible capacity and ultra‐long cycling life, while allowing rapid charge–discharge cycling over a wide temperature range.
Recent Progress in Transformations of Yne‐enones
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Aghanour Ashtiani Mohammad Mahdi , Dastyafteh Navid , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDue to the presence of multiple reactive sites, including an alkyne, an alkene, and a ketone, 2‐(1‐alkynyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones (yne‐enones) can successfully participate in the synthesis of various carbo‐, and heterocycles, as well as acyclic compounds. In this regard, a wide variety of transition metal catalysts and organocatalysts are utilized in cycloaddition and functionalization reactions of yne‐enones with other coupling partners. Considering the versatility of this synthon, in this review, we have described metal‐catalyzed and non‐metal‐catalyzed transformations of yne‐enones over the last decade.
Cu‐Catalyzed Reaction of Trifluoromethylated β‐Keto Diazos and Nitriles Proceeding via H2O Addition to Nitrile Ylides
Authors: Mei Haibo , Du Youlong , Wang Qian , Escorihuela Jorge , Kiss Loránd , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA Cu‐catalyzed multi‐component reaction of trifluoromethylated β‐amino ketones and nitriles using tert‐butyl nitrite as a diazotization reagent has been developed. Under the optimized conditions, N‐trifluoroalkyl amides were obtained with yields up to 87%. Control experiments and computational studies reveal that the reaction proceeds through the generation of diazo, in situ formation of nitrile ylide, water addition and final enol tautomerism. This approach features mild reaction conditions, wide substrate tolerance, and scale‐up applicability, which provides an efficient and practical strategy for amide synthesis.
Glory of Fire Retardants in Li‐Ion Batteries: Could They Be Intrinsically Safer?
Authors: Mishra Rajat , Anne Mounika , Das Sayan , Chavva Tarunikaa , Shelke Manjusha V. , Pol Vilas G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have dramatically transformed modern energy storage, powering a wide range of devices from portable electronics to electric vehicles, yet the use of flammable liquid electrolytes raises thermal safety concerns. Researchers have investigated several ways to enhance LIB's fire resistance. Fire retarding molecules functions through cooling effects, scavenging radicals, and forming protective barriers. Incorporating fire‐suppressing molecules within the LIBs aims to delay or mitigate thermal runaway scenarios, reducing the risks of fires or explosions. Achieving an optimal balance between safety and performance is a major obstacle in the design of intrinsically safer LIBs. Therefore, it is important to consider their effects on LIB's performance, long‐term stability, and environmental impact. To overcome these challenges, collaborative research efforts among academia, industry, and regulatory sectors are necessary. This article reviews state‐of‐the‐art literature associated with LIBs safety or even fire mitigation by introducing solid‐state or quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes as well as modified liquid electrolytes. Moreover, the effectiveness of various strategies in making LIBs intrinsically safer is critically evaluated with an emphasis on fire retardants followed by shedding some light on the remaining challenges.
Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis
Authors: Ock Il Woo , Yin Junyi , Wang Shaolei , Zhao Xun , Baik Jeong Min , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract70% of the earth's surface is covered by the ocean, and it represents a promising and renewable clean energy reservoir that waits for further exploration. Although hydrogen (H2) boasts a high energy density of 143 MJ kg−1 and environmentally friendly attributes, the widespread commercialization of green H2 production remains a formidable challenge. With huge amounts of water, the ocean presents an opportunity for generating H2 fuel through the process of seawater electrolysis. This review introduces ocean‐driven, self‐powered blue energy conversion devices, including triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), magnetoelastic generators (MEGs), and solar cells. They are able to convert renewable energy from the ocean, including water waves, wind, and solar energy, into electricity for on‐site seawater‐splitting and H2 generation. This review systematically reports this compelling approach by introducing the fundamental principles of the devices and showcasing the practical applications. Additionally, aiming to promote future research in the field of sustainable energy, this review also delves into the development of novel ocean energy harvesting systems with high energy conversion efficiency for large‐scale and effective H2 production.
Influence of Carbonate Electrolyte Solvents on Voltage and Capacity Degradation in Li‐Rich Cathodes for Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Rui , Weng Bo , Mahadevegowda Amoghavarsha , Temprano Israel , Wang Heng , He Ze , Ducati Caterina , Xiao Yinguo , Grey Clare P. , De Volder Michael F. L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium‐rich cobalt‐free cathodes, such as Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 (LMR), are promising next‐generation cathode materials because of their high energy density, cost efficiency, and sustainability. Nevertheless, LMRs suffer from degradation problems such as voltage decay during cycling. Different LMR surface doping and coating strategies are proposed to suppress LMR voltage decay with varying extents of success. Here, the role played by different electrolyte solvents in oxygen loss from the LMR surface is instead investigated. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), synchrotron XRD, and online electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS) results show that ethylene carbonate (EC) leads to accelerated oxygen loss from the LMR surface. As a result, cycling LMR cathodes in EC‐free electrolytes such as pure EMC, improves the capacity retention and reduces voltage decay. This approach provides a new strategy to increase the cycling stability of LMR cathodes, which is important for the development of more sustainable high‐performance batteries.
Surfactant Directionally Assembled at the Electrode‐Electrolyte Interface for Facilitating Electrocatalytic Aldehyde Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Wenfei , Ge Wangxin , Qi Yanbin , Sheng Xuedi , Jiang Hongliang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes to unsaturated alcohols is a promising alternative to conventional thermal processes. Both the catalyst and electrolyte deeply impact the performance. Designing the electrode‐electrolyte interface remains challenging due to its compositional and structural complexity. Here, we employ the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a reaction model. The typical cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and its analogs are employed as electrolyte additives to tune the interfacial microenvironment, delivering high‐efficiency hydrogenation of HMF and inhibition of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The surfactants experience a conformational transformation from stochastic distribution to directional assembly under applied potential. This oriented arrangement hampers the transfer of water molecules to the interface and promotes the enrichment of reactants. In addition, near 100 % 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) selectivity is achieved, and the faradaic efficiency (FE) of the BHMF is improved from 61 % to 74 % at −100 mA cm−2. Notably, the microenvironmental modulation strategy applies to a range of electrocatalytic hydrogenation reactions involving aldehyde substrates. This work paves the way for engineering advanced electrode‐electrolyte interfaces and boosting unsaturated alcohol electrosynthesis efficiency.
The Magnetic Field from Cylindrical Arc Coils and Magnets: A Compendium with New Analytic Solutions for Radial Magnetization and Azimuthal Current
Authors: Forbes Matthew , Robertson William S. P. , Zander Anthony C. , Paulides Johannes J. H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study provides analytic solutions for the magnetic field of coils and magnets that have a non‐axisymmetric cylindrical geometry with a rectangular cross‐section. New analytic solutions are provided for radially magnetized permanent magnet arcs, thin coil disc sectors, and thick coil sectors. If components of the 3D field are not representable in closed‐form or as canonical Legendre elliptic integrals, the exact solution is given in terms of a series of regularized beta functions. The limit and hence spatial convergence is found to these series, giving a well‐defined and fast solving algorithm for computation. The equations can be readily applied to find the magnetostatic field in linear or non‐linear systems that contain a large set of elements. Example applications are provided to demonstrate how the field can be used to calculate forces and benchmark computational efficiency of the equations. A thorough review of the preceding literature and background theory is provided before a detailed methodology obtaining the analytic solutions contained in this compendium, and further related geometries in cylindrical or spherical coordinates. This is the first study to comprehensively solve the field equations for this collection of electromagnetic geometries.
Enhancing Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance with Alumina‐Coated Separators: Exploring the Potential of Different Alumina Particle Sizes, Coating Techniques, and Calendering
Authors: Hasanpoor Meisam , Kerr Robert , Forsyth Maria , Howlett Patrick C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA range of techniques for the coating of high purity alumina (HPA) on porous polypropylene battery separators has been investigated. A slurry was prepared by dispersion of the alumina powder in acetone solvent and poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) as the binder to obtain an excellent adhesion to the membrane. Doctor blade, spin coating, and electro‐spin coating techniques were utilized to coat a thin layer of HPA on the separator that was followed up with a calendering step to improve compactness, decrease thickness and enhance adhesion. Furthermore, the effect of HPA particle size, distribution, and the use of a calendering step on coating thickness, compactness, and electrochemical performance were investigated using three HPA sources. The doctor blade technique was found to give the most uniform coating with the best mechanical properties and high‐temperature resistance. The coated separators were incorporated into lithium‐ion coin cells to evaluate the rate capability and long‐term cycling performance.