bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FURTHER LARVAE AND PUPAE OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN TABANIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Teskey H. J. , Burger J. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae and pupae of eight species of Tabanidae are described: Chrysops sequax Williston, Hybomitra cincta (Fabricius), H. longiglossa (Philip), H. microcephala (Osten Sacken), H. daeckei (Hine), Tabanus novaescotiae Macquart, T. colon Thunberg, and T. wiedemanni Osten Sacken. A key is provided for identification of nine of the 10 species of Tabanus currently known to possess a stigmatal spine.
DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SURVIVAL OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID, ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE), ON BRANCHES OF BALSAM FIR, ABIES BALSAMEA
Authors: Bryant D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOver 95% of feeding balsam woolly aphids occur in crevices on balsam fir branches and the highest density occurs within the 3-year tip of branches. The crevices occur under the bud scales at nodes, the base of each season’s growth, and among staminate flower buds or among and within flower bracts. The abundance and survival of aphids as well as mortality factors vary with the location of the nodes in a branch, the type of branch, and aphid generation. The significant differences show that there are 9 to 13 strata within the 3-year tip of a branch. For ecological studies and measuring population levels, the cluster of aphids within a defined crevice, for example under the bud scale at the base of a cluster of shoots, can be selected as a sample unit.
SAMPLING POPULATIONS OF ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON BALSAM FIR, ABIES BALSAMEA
Authors: Bryant D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae, has a complex distribution in the crown of trees; The sample universe and sample units are defined, and methods of detecting, monitoring, and measuring population levels at stated levels of confidence, accuracy, and assurance are described. Suggestions are given for sampling aphids on the stems of trees.
REVIEW OF THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS MICROSAURUS OF THE GENUS QUEDIUS (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Smetana A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAll species of the subgenus Microsaurus Steph. of the genus Quedius Steph. (Staphylinidae), known to occur at present in Mexico, are treated. A key is given. Three species are described as new.
POTENTIAL OF ANTIFEEDANTS TO CONTROL LARVAL FEEDING OF SELECTED NEODIPRION SAWFLIES (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)
Authors: All J. N. , Benjamin D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAntifeedants for controlling larval feeding of several Neodiprion sawflies were evaluated in laboratory and field studies. Nine commercially available insect antifeedants and a hexane extract of the juvenile foliage of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lambert, were tested on larvae of six species. In laboratory bioassays larvae exhibited varying sensitivity to antifeedants; generally species with monophagous or restricted oligophagous feeding habits were most sensitive. In the laboratory the Swaine jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Middleton, had severely restricted feeding, development, survival, and fecundity. Triphenyltin hydroxide was toxic to N. swainei and to European pine sawfly, N. sertifer (Geoffroy). In field tests certain antifeedants disrupted N. swainei feeding and development. The colonial behavior of larvae often was disrupted and solitary larvae fell from trees or wandered on twigs. Colony disruption by most antifeedants was temporary and many larvae resumed feeding.
A NEW SPECIES OF BRACHYPOGON (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE), THE FIRST RECORD OF THE GENUS IN CANADA
Authors: Downes J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBrachypogon canadensis n. sp. is described from western Quebec; the known range of the species extends southwards to Florida. It is perhaps most nearly allied to the widespread Palaearctic species B. vitiosus (Winnertz).
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON OVIPOSITION AND BROOD DEVELOPMENT OF PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: McMullen L. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effects of temperature on rates of oviposition and development of immature stages of Pissodes strobi from Sitka and white spruce were investigated in the laboratory. Maximum rate of oviposition occurred at 20° to 26 °C. Brood development from egg to emergence took 888 and 785 degree-days above a threshold of 7.2 °C for the weevil from Sitka and white spruce, respectively.
REVISION OF THE GENUS DICLADOCERUS (EULOPHIDAE: CHALCIDOIDEA) OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO SPECIES ATTACKING LARCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE)
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe North American species of Dicladocerus are revised. Twelve new species from North America and one from Japan are described and illustrated: alaskensis, australis, prealatus, occidentalis, exoteliae, epinotiae, betulae, vulgaris, nearcticus, pacificus, japonicus, and terraenovae. The species attacking larch casebearer are nearcticus, pacificus, terraenovae, all Nearctic, and japonicus and westwoodii, Palaearctic. Relationships of species-groups in North America are discussed. A key to species, and host records are included.
BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND LARVAL DESCRIPTIONS OF ENARGIA DECOLOR (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON TREMBLING ASPEN IN NORTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: Wong H. R. , Melvin J. C. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe life history and the immature stages, especially the ultimate larval instar, of Enargia decolor (Walker), are described and illustrated. This insect has only one generation a year in northern Alberta. It overwinters in the egg stage. The first two larval instars roll leaves and feed on the mesophyll. The last four larval instars feed on the edge of the leaves, and construct flat cases by webbing two leaves together. Pupation occurs in the soil during July. Adults emerge from late July until late August; the eggs are laid in August. Fifteen species of parasites and one species of hyperparasite were reared from larvae of E. decolor. Five of the parasites are known to have issued from other lepidopterous species feeding on aspen.
BEHAVIORAL STUDIES ON MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)
Authors: Greenblatt J. A. , Witter J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFirst-stage forest tent caterpillar larvae were tested for the presence of active and sluggish behavior types such as Wellington found in Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar). Larvae capable of directed movement towards a 30 w light source were classified as active. Larvae were tested on 3 consecutive days, and only a small percentage responded on all 3 days. A much larger percentage remained sluggish throughout the period. Chi-square tests confirmed that the differences in response were not random. There was a tendency for some larvae to respond to light during the test and for others not to respond. The reduced consistency in the response of "active" larvae in M. disstria Hübner compared with that reported for M.c. pluviale may be partly due to real behavioral differences, but it also may be partly due to some procedural differences between our tests and Wellington’s.
LIFE HISTORY OF THE FUNGUS GNAT MACROCERA NOBILIS IN AMERICAN CAVES (DIPTERA: MYCETOPHILIDAE)
Authors: Peck Stewart B. , Russell Donald R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe mycetophilid Macrocera nobilis Johnson, previously known only from forests in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, is here reported from caves in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. A study of populations in Oklahoma shows that the short-lived adults mate in cave entrances, but that oviposition, larval development, and pupation occur only in the dark zone of caves. The larvae build extensive webs upon which they travel and which they use to capture insect prey (mostly other Diptera). Reproduction and life cycle development is not seasonal. The larval stage lasts 9 or 10 months, and the pupal stage about 2 weeks.
OBSERVATIONS ON LIFE HISTORY AND SEX RATIO VARIABILITY OF EUPTEROMALUS DUBIUS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE), A PARASITE OF CYCLORRHAPHOUS DIPTERA
Authors: Wylie H.G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemales of Eupteromalus dubius (Ashm.) oviposit on pupae of cyclorrhaphous Diptera and the larvae develop gregariously as ectoparasites. Details of the life history of E. dubius are described. A progressively lower percentage of female progeny of E. dubius matures as the parasite:host ratio increases. Three mechanisms that may cause this sex ratio change are examined and discussed.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION OF VARIOUS DIETS IN THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Bailey Clyde G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDifferential survival, growth, and egg production were obtained for the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk., feeding on four natural host plants and one artificial diet. Highest survival, growth, and egg production were obtained among insects reared on the artificial diet. Foliage of potato was the only food which appeared to lack the nutritive qualities essential for adequate survival, growth, and reproduction. Larvae reared on this plant consumed significantly less food, had a poorer survival, accumulated less reserves in the form of tissue growth, developed into smaller pupae, and produced adults that were less fecund than those reared on other foods. Despite these differences, the approximate digestibility (AD), the efficiency of conversion of ingested food to body tissue (ECI), and the efficiency of conversion of digested food to body substance (ECD) obtained for insects feeding on potato, were very similar to values obtained for insects which were reared on other plants. On each diet a linear relationship was obtained between food consumption and growth.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): VI. ESTERASE ISOZYMES OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF EUXOA DECLARATA AND EUXOA CAMPESTRIS
Authors: Hudson Anne , Jui P. Y. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo regions of esterase isozyme activity have been examined in Euxoa declarata (Walker) and E. campestris (Grote) and in their laboratory-reared hybrids. The two species could be distinguished in terms of one group of isozyme phenotypes although there was a small amount of overlap of phenotypes in one region. Two populations of E. campestris examined could not be distinguished clearly from each other. Canonical analysis was used to compare the two species and the populations within each species and the hybrids obtained by crossing various components of the two species. The generalized distance between the species appeared much larger than between populations; the hybrids appeared closer to the male parent.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): VII. EGGS OF THE SUBGENERA CHORIZAGROTIS, CRASSIVESICA, LONGIVESICA, OROSAGROTIS, AND PLEONECTOPODA
Authors: Salkeld E.H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe eggs of several species of cutworms of the subgenera Chorizagrotis, Crassivesica, Longivesica, Orosagrotis, and Pleonectopoda in the genus Euxoa Hübner are described. Within the genus eggs are of two main types, those with smooth chorions and those with ridged chorions, but all have the same basic chorionic design. Variations in the degree of ridging and in the detail of the design make the egg useful for species determination, and a key to some species is provided. However, the egg is of little value in distinguishing the subgenera as they are currently constituted.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): VIII. THE HEMOCYTOLOGICAL POSITION OF E. ROCKBURNEI IN THE “DECLARATA GROUP”
Authors: Arnold J. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe shape of plasmatocytes in heat-fixed blood of sixth instar larvae of E. rockburnei was compared with that of the same cells in the two other species of the "declarata group", E. campestris and E. declarata. The data show that the shape, represented as the length/width ratio of mature, fusiform plasmatocytes, can serve to distinguish between populations of all three species. It suggests too that E. rockburnei is more closely related to E. declarata than to E. campestris.
SEQUENTIAL INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC MATINGS BETWEEN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AND T. CONFUSUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE): EFFECTS ON FECUNDITY, EGG FERTILITY, AND NUMBER OF PROGENY
Authors: Vardell H. H. , Brower J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWhen female Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were sequentially paired with male T. castaneum and then with male T. confusum Jacquelin duVal, 93% of the eggs hatched after the first confinement but only 58.9% hatched after the second confinement. The reciprocal order of pairing produced 0% hatch after the first week of confinement and 55.2% hatch after the second week of confinement. However, the numbers of progeny produced as a result of both sequences were proportional to the percentage hatch. Thus, T. castaneum females appeared to have mated with, and utilized sperm from, males of both species for egg fertilization.When T. confusum females were sequentially paired in the same way, reductions in egg hatch and production of progeny did not occur. The females either did not mate with T. castaneum males, or if they did mate, they did not utilize T. castaneum sperm for egg fertilization. Moreover the percentage of egg hatch and the numbers of progeny produced were not affected by the sequential order of males as long as one of them was T. confusum.
CROWDING AND ACTIVITY
Authors: Thomson A. J. , Holling C. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWhen the relative velocity of flies is estimated from the frequency of contact of flies with a given area, the resulting picture of activity is misleading because of time-wasting activities arising from encounters between flies. Prediction of this encounter rate is greatly facilitated by the use of Lloyds (1967) index of crowding, which allows for the effects of the non-random distribution of the flies. Prediction of the number of contacts of flies with an inscribed area within the experimental container, was highly successful when the effects of the non-random locomotion of the flies was included in the model of activity.
THE PARASITIC ASSOCIATIONS OF LARVAL WATER MITES WITH IMAGINAL AQUATIC INSECTS, ESPECIALLY CHIRONOMIDAE
Authors: Smith Ian M. , Oliver D. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractData on the parasitic associations of larval water mites with imaginal aquatic insects are reviewed. Documented associations now are known for larvae of 47 genera of water mites in 23 families representing all seven superfamilies. The particular importance of the nematocerous Diptera, and especially the Chironomidae, as hosts of larval water mites is demonstrated, primarily on the basis of new data. New insights into the evolution of parasitic behaviour patterns in larval water mites are discussed.
REVISION OF THE TRIBE QUEDIINI OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE). SUPPLEMENTUM 3
Authors: Smetana Aleš 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species of the genus Quedius Steph., Q. infernus spec, nov., is described from Oregon and Washington.Additional data on taxonomy, bionomics, and geographical distribution of many species are presented.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF XYLOCORIS FROM NORTH AMERICA, AND A NOTE ON THE STATUS OF SPECIES IN THE GENUS SCOLOPOSCELIS FIEBER (HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree new species of the genus Xylocoris Dufour are described: hirtus from Saskatchewan, Ontario, Quebec, and New York, pilipes from New York, and punctatus from Utah. A lectotype for Xylocoris discalis (Van Duzee) is designated. Scoloposcelis mississippensis Drake & Harris and S. occidentalis Drake & Harris are synonymized with S. flavicornis Reuter. Adults of new species are illustrated and electron microscope photographs of their osteolar canals, and that of flavicornis are included.
A 2-YEAR STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS – CHITINASE COMBINATIONS IN SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA) CONTROL
Authors: Morris O. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpruce budworm infested balsam fir trees were aerially sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis – chitinase combinations at the rate of 4 Billion International Units of B.t. and 18 mg of enzyme in 0.5 gal/acre. Larvae were peak third instar at spray time. Deposit rates ranged from 1.07 to 3.26 BIU/acre. Efficacy of the treatments was assessed in the year of treatment and carry-over effects were assessed 1 year later.Results in the year of treatment indicated that: (1) Residual activity of B. thuringiensis was drastically reduced after 15 days’ exposure to weathering. (2) Larval mortality alone is not a suitable criterion of efficacy. (3) Dipel and Dipel + chitinase (but not Thuricide 16B or Thuricide + chitinase) were highly effective in reducing budworm densities. (4) Thuricide + chitinase treatment resulted in significant foliage protection. The treatments inhibited feeding in the following order of efficiency: Thuricide + chitinase > Dipel + chitinase > Dipel alone > chitinase alone > Thuricide alone. (5) There was no direct relationship between larval mortality and foliage protection in any of the treatments, likely due to delayed mortality effects. (6) No direct relationship exists between viable spore deposits and deposit of active ingredient (IUs). (7) B.t. treatments retarded development of the spruce budworm and reduced pupal weights, oviposition rates, and egg viability.Assessment of the plots 1 year after spray showed that the treatments apparently gave no long term protection from defoliation, but this was likely due in part to mass invasion of the test plots by moths from immediately surrounding untreated areas.
TRANSFER OF THE TARSOCHEYLIDAE TO THE HETEROSTIGMATA, AND REASSIGNMENT OF THE TARSONEMINA AND HETEROSTIGMATA TO LOWER HIERARCHIC STATUS IN THE PROSTIGMATA (ACARI)
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe systematic status of the genus Tarsocheylus Berlese, 1904 and the position of the family Tarsocheylidae Atyeo and Baker, 1964 in the Prostigmata is reviewed. The family does not belong in either the Raphignathoidea or the Anystoidea but in its own superfamily, the Tarsocheyloidea, which is described for this purpose. In turn, this superfamily is placed alongside the Heterocheyloidea in the Heterostigmata.Because the type-species of Tarsocheylus, T. paradoxus Berlese, 1904, is conspecific with Hoplocheylus discalis Atyeo and Baker, 1964 (new synonymy), the concept of Hoplocheylus Atyeo and Baker, 1964, which has remained until now as originally proposed, is the same as that of Tarsocheylus. However, a new case is made for recognizing these genera as mutually distinct, based on other morphological criteria. Tarsocheylus atomarius Berlese, 1913, the type-species of Hoplocheylus, is apparently conspecific with Hoplocheylus canadensis Marshall, 1966 (new synonymy) and perhaps with one or two other described species from North America. A third generic entity, represented by Hoplocheylus johnstoni Atyeo and Baker, 1964, is noted but not named or formally described. Hoplocheylus pickardi Smiley and Moser, 1968 is conspecific with H. similis Delfinado and Baker, 1974 (new synonymy).Hemitarsocheylus Soliman and Zaher, 1975, which was described as a new genus in the Tarsocheylidae, is congeneric with Stigmocheylus Berlese, 1910 (new synonymy). This genus does not belong in the Tarsocheyloidea, but rather in the Anystoidea.A list of character states found useful in recognizing groupings of species of Tarsocheylidae is presented. Based on the collection data with specimens representing described and undescribed species at hand, the known distribution of the Tarsocheylidae is extended to include Australia and western North America, and the second known instance of an association with passalid beetles is recorded.From a phylogenetic standpoint, the Tarsocheyloidea and Heterocheyloidea are proposed as sister groups that together constitute a new suprafamilial taxon, the Tarsocheylina. In turn, the Tarsocheylina and Tarsonemina are proposed as sister groups, and both are described; together, they form the Heterostigmata.The systematic and phylogenetic relationships of the Heterostigmata (including the Tarsonemina) to the Prostigmata and the Astigmata are reviewed. Not only should the Heterostigmata be retained in the Prostigmata but it should be lowered in hierarchic rank, such that it is a part of the Eleutherengona. The stock that gave rise to the Anystoidea and related superfamilies is shown to be ancestral to the Heterostigmata as well.
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE) IN CANADA
Authors: Maw M. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAs part of the biological control of Canada thistle,Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop., in Canada, a survey of the insect fauna showed 80 identified or apparent phytophagous species representing 24 families and seven orders and 47 species of visitors, insect parasites, and predators representing 28 families and six orders. Thirty-eight per cent of the phytophagous insects attack economic plants. Three species,Altica carduorum,Ceutorhynchus litura, andUrophora cardui, are specific toC.arvenseand were introduced as control agents.
A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THREE GRASSHOPPER SPECIES IN SASKATCHEWAN (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Gage S. H. , Mukerji M. K. , Randell R. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeasonal occurrence of three important grasshopper species (Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.), M. bivittatus (Say), and Camnula pellucida (Scudder)) is estimated. The predictions are based on the amount of embryonic development occurring in fall after oviposition and the rate of egg and nymphal development in spring. Embryonic development is calculated from heat units accumulated above 50°F (10 °C) from daily maximum and minimum temperatures from 1 August to 30 September. Egg and nymphal development during spring can be monitored by accumulating heat above 50°F (10 °C) using daily maximum and minimum temperatures from 1 April.The number of heat units required by each life stage is provided for comparison with current heat accumulations. The average date of occurrence from hatch to adults is provided based on 17 years of weather data from seven Saskatchewan weather stations.
A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) DAMAGE AND ITS EFFECT ON SPRING WHEAT
Authors: Mukerji M. K. , Pickford R. , Randell R. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStudies were carried out to investigate the growth response of normal and defoliated spring wheat. Plant growth is expressed by the von Bertalanffy (1957) growth equation modified to allow for declining growth potential with age. Grasshopper damage was assessed by comparison with artificial defoliation and results indicated a simple linear relationship between grasshopper food consumption and defoliation damage. On the basis of this relationship it indicated that grasshoppers feeding on wheat waste 6.2 times as much foliage as they actually consume. Damage to foliage is translated into an effect on grain yield by an allometric relationship between total plant weight and yield. A simulation model indicating the time course of plant biomass provides realistic estimates except in the case of acute defoliation.