bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combined contribution of social support and coping strategies in predicting post‐traumatic growth: a longitudinal study on cancer patients
Authors: Scrignaro Marta , Barni Sandro , Magrin Maria Elena 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of social support and coping strategies in enhancing post‐traumatic growth (PTG) in cancer patients. The study focused on both avoidance and approaching coping and on four distinct types of social support: (a) perceived availability, (b) actual received, (c) satisfaction with received support, and (d) the competence of caregiver to satisfy the patient's basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted with a group of 41 cancer patients currently in the treatment and management phase of their illness. Data were collected by means of a written questionnaire, at two time points (T1 and T2) that were 6 months apart. Social support was assessed using the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List and the Need Satisfaction in Relationship Scale. Coping strategies were assessed using the Brief COPE questionnaire. Social support and coping strategies were assessed only at T1. PTG was assessed using the Post‐Traumatic Growth Inventory at T1 and T2. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the association between social support and coping strategies with short‐term reports of post‐traumatic growth.Results: Regression analyses showed that autonomy‐supportive caregivers and a problem‐focused strategy of coping significantly predicted greater PTG at T2.Conclusions: This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the type of social support that may specifically aid cancer patients in experiencing PTG. Furthermore, findings confirm the important role of problem‐focused coping strategies in growing psychologically. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable remediation at the Massachusetts Military Reservation
Authors: Forbes Rose H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWhen does remediation do more harm than good? After conducting a sustainability analysis on a large pump‐and‐treat site at the Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR), the Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) found evidence suggesting that the remediation systems were creating more pollution than they were remediating.For several years, the AFCEE/MMR has had an aggressive “better, cheaper, faster” optimization program intended to expedite aquifer restoration, reduce costs to the taxpayers, and reduce cleanup time frames. An initial sustainability analysis was conducted in 2005 as part of this program. The analysis identified several concerns, one of which was the indirect generation of air emissions from conventional fossil fuel–based power plants used to power the remediation systems. In addition to the environmental impact of these air emissions, the cost of electricity continues to increase. The AFCEE/MMR evaluated options for addressing both of these concerns and opted to employ renewable energy technology in the form of a utility‐scale wind turbine.This case study presents a more sustainable approach to remediation at the MMR through the use of renewable energy, in the form of a 1,500‐kW wind turbine. Power costs for operating the treatment systems, which processed up to 16 million gallons per day, amounted to over $2.2 million in 2008. The wind turbine is anticipated to reduce the program's electricity costs and offset air emissions, generated indirectly through the use of electricity from fossil fuel–based power plants, by approximately 25 to 30 percent. Based on a range of utility cost projections and an estimate of the turbine's energy production, the $4.6 million project is anticipated to have a payback period between six and eight years. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.
In situ remediation of PCE at a site with clayey lithology and a significant smear zone
Authors: Molin Josephine , Mueller James , Hanson Donald , Fowler Troy , Skrotzki Tim 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGroundwater at the former Serry's Dry Cleaning site in Corvallis, Oregon, was impacted by chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). The primary CVOCs impacting the site include tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride, which were detected at concentrations up to 22,000, 1,700, 3,100, and 7 μg/L, respectively, prior to treatment. Large seasonal fluctuations in groundwater CVOC concentrations indicated that a significant fraction of the CVOC mass was present in the smear zone. Field‐scale pilot tests were performed for the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality's Dry Cleaner Program to evaluate the performance of EHC® in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) technology. The pilot study involved evaluating field performance and physical distribution into low‐permeability soil using basic Geoprobe® injection tooling. The testing results confirmed that bioremediation enhanced by ISCR supported long‐term treatment at the site. This article describes the implementation and results of the tests. Performance data are available from a three‐year period following the injections, allowing for a discussion about sustained performance and reagent longevity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of iron concentration and ph on zero‐valent iron dechlorination of DDT for brownfields
Authors: Ghazali Mirnader , McBean Edward , Shen Hua , Dastous Paul‐André 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSoil contamination with persistent pesticides such as dichloro‐diphenyl‐trichloroethane (DDT) is a major issue at many brownfield sites. A technology that can be used to treat DDT‐contaminated soil using surfactants is to enhance the migration of the contaminants from the soil phase to the liquid phase, followed by the dechlorinating of the mobilized DDT in the liquid phase using zero‐valent iron (ZVI). The DDT degradation using ZVI occurs under anaerobic conditions via reductive reactions. The effect of the iron concentration on the dechlorination rate is assessed in the range of 1 to 40 percent (weight to volume) for remediation of a DDT‐contaminated site in Ontario, Canada. The optimum percentage of iron is found to be 20 percent at which the dechlorination rates of DDT and 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) were 4.5 and 0.6 mg/L/day, respectively. While mixing of the reaction solution is shown to be important in providing the iron surface available for the dechlorination reaction throughout the reaction solution, there is no significant difference between batch and fed‐batch mode of adding iron to the dechlorination process. Low pH values (pH = 3) increased the dechlorination rates of DDT and DDD to 6.03 and 0.75 mg/L/day, respectively at a 20 percent iron concentration, indicating increased dechlorination rates in acidic conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statistical tools for thermal regime characterization at segment river scale: Case study of the Ste‐Marguerite River
Authors: Guillemette N. , St‐Hilaire A. , Ouarda T. B. M. J. , Bergeron N. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSuitable thermal fish habitats are constrained by both maximum and minimum temperature tolerances. A multivariate and geostatistical approach was developed to estimate stream thermal characteristics at the river segment scale. Data from 22 temperature‐monitoring stations during summer 2007 were used to estimate monthly maximum temperature as well as thermal characteristics such as the number of events, the cumulative degree–days and the associated duration over specific temperature thresholds of 19 and 21°C. The probability of exceeding these temperature thresholds has also been interpolated. The methodology relies on the construction of a multivariate space using physiographic and hydrological characteristics of gauging stations as inputs in a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). A geostatistical interpolation technique, ordinary kriging, was subsequently used to perform interpolation in the physiographical space constructed using CCA. Results from this study were obtained for thermal characteristics estimated into two different interpolation spaces: (1) a 7 metrics space, and (2) an 8 metrics space. Cross‐validation technique has been performed and satisfactory results were obtained. Kriging thermal characteristics (magnitude and duration) into the 7 metric space for a 19°C threshold exceedance leads to best results with Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) ranging between 9.66 and 15.08%. The study shows that kriging in a multivariate space is a promising tool for water resources managers, especially in cases where risk mapping for lethal or sub‐lethal temperature thresholds may be required for a specific fish species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antipsychotic drug binding in the substantia nigra: An examination of high metoclopramide binding in the brains of normal, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis patients, and its relation to tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Chen Sheng , Seeman Philip , Liu Fang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis project was done in order to determine why the annual incidence of metoclopramide‐associated tardive dyskinesia is much higher than that for the commonly used antipsychotics. To test the hypothesis that metoclopramide tardive dyskinesia may be associated with high concentrations of metoclopramide in the substantia nigra under clinical conditions, the nonspecific binding of tritiated antipsychotics to the dissected melaninized regions of postmortem human substantia nigra was measured. The nonspecific binding at 1 nM [3H]ligand was 7.3, 4.2, 2.6, 0.91 and 0.66 fmoles/mg for [3H]haloperidol, [3H]clozapine, [3H]raclopride, [3H]metoclopramide, and [3H]olanzapine, respectively. After adjusting these values for the known free concentrations of these drugs in plasma or spinal fluid, the amounts that would be bound under clinical conditions would be 231, 113, 15, 11, and 3.4 fmoles/mg for metoclopramide, clozapine, raclopride, haloperidol, and olanzapine, respectively. Using rat striatum as baseline to define antipsychotic binding to nonnigral tissue, the excess amount of binding to the Alzheimer nigral tissue under clinical conditions would be 209, 19, 0, 3.4 and 0.8 fmole/mg for metoclopramide, clozapine, raclopride, haloperidol, and olanzapine, respectively, with a similar pattern for nigral tissues from Huntington and Multiple Sclerosis patients. The high accumulation of metoclopramide is sufficiently high to cause nigral nerve cell membrane damage by metoclopramide's detergent‐like action, possibly explaining metoclopramide's toxic ability to elicit early tardive dyskinesia. In addition, the nonspecific binding of metoclopramide was much higher in Alzheimer‐diseased substantia nigra, consistent with the fact that older individuals are relatively more vulnerable to metoclopramide tardive dyskinesia. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization, and monkey PET studies of [18F]MK‐1312, a PET tracer for quantification of mGluR1 receptor occupancy by MK‐5435
Authors: Hostetler Eric D. , Eng Waisi , Joshi Aniket D. , Sanabria‐Bohórquez Sandra , Kawamoto Hiroshi , Ito Satoru , O'Malley Stacey , Krause Stephen , Ryan Christine , Patel Shil , Williams Mangay , Riffel Kerry , Suzuki Gentaroh , Ozaki Satoshi , Ohta Hisashi , Cook Jacquelynn , Burns H. Donald , Hargreaves Richard 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTwo moderately lipophilic, high affinity ligands for metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) were radiolabeled with a positron‐emitting radioisotope and evaluated in rhesus monkey as potential PET tracers. Both ligands were radiolabeled with fluorine‐18 via nucleophilic displacement of the corresponding 2‐chloropyridine precursor with [18F]potassium fluoride. [18F]MK‐1312was found to have a suitable signal for quantification of mGluR1 receptors in nonhuman primates and was more thoroughly characterized. In vitro autoradiographic studies with [18F]MK‐1312in rhesus monkey and human brain tissue slices revealed an uptake distribution consistent with the known distribution of mGluR1, with the highest uptake in the cerebellum, moderate uptake in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortical regions, and lowest uptake in the caudate and putamen. In vitro saturation binding studies in rhesus monkey and human cerebellum homogenates confirmed that [18F]MK‐1312binds to a single site with aBmax/Kdratio of 132 and 98, respectively. PET studies in rhesus monkey with [18F]MK‐1312showed high brain uptake and a regional distribution consistent with in vitro autoradiography results. Blockade of [18F]MK‐1312uptake with mGluR1 allosteric antagonist MK‐5435 dose‐dependently reduced tracer uptake in all regions of gray matter to a similarly low level of tracer uptake. This revealed a large specific signal useful for determination of mGluR1 receptor occupancy in rhesus monkey. Taken together, these results are promising for clinical PET studies with [18F]MK‐1312to determine mGluR1 occupancy of MK‐5435. Synapse 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development platform for system architecture of small service businesses
Authors: Lai Chih‐Chiang , Deng Shigan , Chin Hsiang , Peng Yuan‐Shi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study adapts Hall's 3‐dimensional morphology of systems engineering to develop a platform that has procedure and creativity for the system architecture of small service businesses. The proposed platform prescribes a five‐step procedure for developing and propagating the system architecture, namely, Concept Exploration, System Development, Verification and Validation, Disposition and Delivery, and Maintenance and Distribution. In each step, the business and system requirements are identified and analyzed in order to establish the detailed system architecture. Conventional systems engineering processes are used to determine the correlation between the business objectives, the tactics, the business system requirements, and the business processes, respectively, and to resolve any conflicts which arise. This development platform provides a generic, complete, clear, and systematic procedure to replace the traditional ways of operating for small service businesses, and thus contributes toward their long‐term survival. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 111–128, 2011
Complexity reduction: A pragmatic approach
Authors: Simpson Joseph , Simpson Mary 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn increasing need for shared communication in disparate domains as well as the production of increasingly dynamic, large‐scale systems has always been at the heart of the practice of systems engineering. As a branch of general systems theory, systems engineering was developed to address practical considerations posed by diverse organizations, environments, and cultures within which systems are designed, developed, and operated. Types and categories of complexity are used in this paper to focus the discussion on complexity and the reduction of complexity. Formal and theoretical foundations of systems science and systems engineering provided the basis upon which many effective systems engineering tools were built. This paper identifies some of the classical tools of systems science and systems engineering that manage complexity. Based on these classical tool components and principles, abstract relation types (ART) were developed to enhance the understanding and application of these tools. A pragmatic approach that is designed to reduce complexity as well as compare relative complexity reduction between and among methods is also presented. The direct value of systems engineering techniques as they are applied in any context is rooted in the ability of systems engineering techniques and systems engineering practitioners to reduce the cognitive complexity associated with the systems problem of interest. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 180–192, 2011
Persistent biliary dilatation and stenosis in postoperative congenital choledochal cyst
Authors: Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Inoue Mikiya , Ohashi Kensuke , Sugito Kiminobu , Ikeda Tarou , Hagiwara Noritsugu , Tomita Ryouichi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground/purposeCholangitis and intrahepatic stones occur long after total cyst excision in patients with congenital choledochal cyst (CCC). Our study aimed to characterize morphological features of intrahepatic biliary dilatation and stenosis before and after total cyst excision, based on long‐term follow‐up data.MethodsPre‐ and postoperative morphological features of intrahepatic biliary dilatation were determined in 63 patients with CCC.ResultsPostoperatively, hepatic ductal dilatation persisted in 50 patients and hepatic ductal dilatation with stenosis in 35 patients. Hepatic duct stenosis was seen in 35 patients: unilateral hepatic duct stenosis in 21, and bilateral stenosis in 14. Stenosis at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts occurred more often in the cystic type of dilatation than in the cylindrical type and was seen more often on the left side than the right. Cases with postoperative cholangitis or intrahepatic stones featured stenosis at the confluence of left and both hepatic ducts (n = 2); and alternating dilatation and stenosis of left hepatic ducts and branches (n = 3). However, no statistical associations were observed between the hepatic ductal stenosis and cholangitis or stone formation (p = 0.153).ConclusionsCystic‐type biliary dilatations persist postoperatively, frequently accompanied by ductal stenosis. Alternating dilatation and stenosis is a common morphological feature for postoperative cholangitis and stones.
Small Shoes, Big Steps! Empowering Children as Active Researchers
Authors: Kellett Mary 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe concept of children as researchers has gained credence in response to changing perspectives on their status in society, recognition of their role as consumers and increased attention to children's rights. While this has led to greater involvement of children as participant and co‐researchers, research led by children—research they design, carry out and disseminate themselves with adult support rather than adult management—is still relatively rare. Children designing and leading their own research opens up new protagonist frontiers. Children are party to the subculture of childhood which gives them a unique “insider” perspective critical to our understanding of their worlds. Child‐to‐child enquiry generates different data from adult‐to‐child enquiry because children observe with different eyes, ask different questions and communicate in fundamentally different ways. This paper explores some of the issues in empowering children as active researchers and draws on theory relating to participation, empowerment, voice and emancipation. Its primary focus is to celebrate and value children's own research and includes the full text of an original research study by an 11‐year‐old girl.
Treatment of Acute Scaphoid Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Suh Nina , Benson Eric C. , Faber Kenneth J. , MacDermid Joy , Grewal Ruby 
Published: June 2010

Background/Methods The purpose of this review was to assess the current evidence supporting operative fixation versus casting for acute scaphoid fractures through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Results Our search yielded 59 articles that met our inclusion criteria with five studies achieving high, 22 moderate, and 32 low Structured Effectiveness Quality Evaluation Scale scores. Pooled results of the four Sackett level 1 evidence studies showed no significant difference between the operative (114/115, 99%) versus non-operative group (106/112, 95%) ( p=0.07) when the definition of nonunion was based on more definitive criterion versus plain radiographs that may be insufficient to assess bony union. Similar results were found for the Sackett level 2 and 4 articles. Conclusions This systematic review reveals that significant weaknesses exist in the literature with respect to the level of evidence and quality of published studies on this topic. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support the most effective treatment for acute scaphoid fractures.
Aqueous Extended‐Surfactant Based Method for Vegetable Oil Extraction: Proof of Concept
Authors: Do Linh D. , Sabatini David A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe use of hexane to extract vegetable oil from oilseeds is of growing concern due to hexane's environmental impact and because of worker exposure concerns. The goal of our work is to demonstrate that the aqueous extended‐surfactant‐based method is a viable alternative for vegetable oil extraction. In our method, ground oilseeds were dispersed in the aqueous surfactant solution, allowing the oil to be liberated from the seeds as a separate phase from the aqueous phase. The impact of pH, shaking intensity, shaking time and seed to liquid ratio on oil yield are presented. Extended‐surfactants are a new type of surfactant with propoxylate (PO) and/or ethoxylate (EO) groups inserted between the hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic alkyl chain of the surfactant molecule. This unique structure of extended‐surfactants enables them to produce ultralow interfacial tension with vegetable oils. We have found that at low aqueous concentrations (less than 0.3 wt%), extended‐surfactant solutions are able to produce ultralow interfacial tension between aqueous extraction and vegetable oil phases. At optimum condition (seed to liquid ratio of 1–5, 30 min extraction at 150 shakes/min and 30 min centrifugation at 2,170×g) we achieved 93–95% extraction efficiency for peanut and canola oils at 25 °C. The oil quality produced from the aqueous extended‐surfactant‐based method was found to be comparable or even superior to that obtained from hexane‐based extraction, further demonstrating the viability of aqueous extended‐surfactant based extraction.
Prävention von Tabakkonsum und Tabakabhängigkeit
Authors: Maschewsky-Schneider Ulrike 
Published: June 2010

Einleitung
Tabak ist ein Suchtmittel mit hohem Abhängigkeitspotenzial. Die Verhinderung des Einstiegs in das Rauchen ist deshalb vorrangiges Präventionsziel. Die Evaluation des nationalen Gesundheitsziels „Tabakkonsum reduzieren“ zeigt, dass in den vergangenen Jahren umfangreiche strukturelle, massenmediale, settingbezogene, und verhaltenspräventive Maßnahmen durchgeführt wurden. Gleichzeitig ist bei den 12-17jährigen die Prävalenz von knapp 30% in 2001 kontinuierlich auf spektakuläre 14,7% bei Jungen und 16,2% bei den Mädchen im Jahr 2008 gesunken. Um der Verantwortung gegenüber der jungen Generation gerecht zu werden, ist eine engagierte Tabakprävention gefordert.
A Fundamental Property of Suslin Matrices
Authors: Jose Selby , Rao Ravi A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe describe a homomorphism from the group SUmr (R), generated by Suslin matrices, when r is even, to the special orthogonal group SO2(r+1) (R) by relating the Suslin matrix corresponding to a pair of vectors v, w, with 〈v, w〉 = 1, to the product of two reflections, one w.r.t. the vectors v, w and the other w.r.t. the vectors e1, e1 (of length one). When r is odd we can still associate a product of reflections with an element of SUmr (R), which is well defined up to a unit u, with u2 = 1. This association enables one to study the orbit space of unimodular vectors under the elementary subgroup.