bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamic interaction of captopril with garlic in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial damage in rat
Authors: Asdaq Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin , Inamdar Mohammed Naseeruddin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIt is known that various preparations of garlic and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor such as captopril (CAP) have beneficial effects on the left ventricular function and cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction (MI) when used individually. There is no reported interaction between garlic homogenate (GH) and CAP during and after acute MI. Thus the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the possible pharmacodynamic interaction of GH with CAP on isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced myocardial damage in rat. Female Wistar albino rats were treated with GH at three different doses of 125; 250 and 500 mg/kg orally for 30 days and CAP (30 mg/kg,p.o.) was incorporated in the interactive groups during the last seven days of GH treatment. Myocardial damage was induced by administration of ISO (150 mg/kg,s.c.) for two consecutive days. Biochemical parameters were studied in serum and heart tissue homogenate of all animals. The GH 250 mg/kg was found to dislodge the effect of ISO on superoxide dismutase and catalase and retained the activities of LDH and CK‐MB. Incorporation of CAP during GH treatment provided further protection to myocardium from injury. However, higher dose of GH alone or with CAP failed to prevent damaging effect of ISO. Histopathological determinations confirmed biochemical findings. Thus it is concluded that the combination needs to be used carefully when garlic is consumed at high doses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prequential analysis of complex data with adaptive model reselection
Authors: Clarke Jennifer , Clarke Bertrand 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn Prequential analysis, an inference method is viewed as a forecasting system, and the quality of the inference method is based on the quality of its predictions. This is an alternative approach to more traditional statistical methods that focus on the inference of parameters of the data generating distribution. In this paper, we introduce adaptive combined average predictors (ACAPs) for the Prequential analysis of complex data. That is, we use convex combinations of two different model averages to form a predictor at each time step in a sequence. A novel feature of our strategy is that the models in each average are re‐chosen adaptively at each time step. To assess the complexity of a given data set, we introduce measures of data complexity for continuous response data. We validate our measures in several simulated contexts prior to using them in real data examples. The performance of ACAPs is compared with the performances of predictors based on stacking or likelihood weighted averaging in several model classes and in both simulated and real data sets. Our results suggest that ACAPs achieve a better trade off between model list bias and model list variability in cases where the data is very complex. This implies that the choices of model class and averaging method should be guided by a concept of complexity matching, i.e. the analysis of a complex data set may require a more complex model class and averaging strategy than the analysis of a simpler data set. We propose that complexity matching is akin to a bias‐variance tradeoff in statistical modeling. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 000‐000, 2009
A robust method for comparing two treatments in a confirmatory clinical trial via multivariate time‐to‐event methods that jointly incorporate information from longitudinal and time‐to‐event data
Authors: Saville Benjamin R. , Herring Amy H. , Koch Gary G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe consider regulatory clinical trials that require a prespecified method for the comparison of two treatments for chronic diseases (e.g. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) in which patients suffer deterioration in a longitudinal process until death occurs. We define a composite endpoint structure that encompasses both the longitudinal data for deterioration and the time‐to‐event data for death, and use multivariate time‐to‐event methods to assess treatment differences on both data structures simultaneously, without a need for parametric assumptions or modeling. Our method is straightforward to implement, and simulations show that the method has robust power in situations in which incomplete data could lead to lower than expected power for either the longitudinal or survival data. We illustrate the method on data from a study of chronic lung disease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematics, critical literacy, and youth participatory action research
Authors: Yang K. Wayne 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article examines mathematics education as both the site and object of transformation for a youth PAR project in which students researched and evaluated their urban high school in Oakland, California. These youth researchers were trained as part of a sociology course as well as a mathematics class designed to both remediate gaps in math preparation and accelerate students into higher‐order math literacy. This study differs from and extends other studies that describe mathematics as a tool for social critique. It considers youth research in and through mathematics as a more ideologically open endeavor in that youth do not simply reproduce predetermined criticisms of social inequality. Thus, this project translates extensive work in critical literacy, new media literacy, and youth participatory action research to a mathematics context.
The Thermochemical Behaviour of Te8O10(PO4)4 and its Use for Phosphide Telluride Synthesis
Authors: Schmidt Peer , Dallmann Hannelore , Kadner Gudrun , Krug Jutta , Philipp Frauke , Teske Klaus 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe tellurium oxide phosphate Te8O10(PO4)4 was synthesised by thermal decomposition of Te2O3HPO4 at temperatures above 400 °C. Te8O10(PO4)4 melts at 570 °C and evaporates at 820 °C. The thermodynamic standard data were determined by solution calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry and were optimised by thermodynamic modelling of the binary system TeO2/P2O5: ΔH{}^0_298[Te8O10(PO4)4] =–5844(2) kJ·mol–1; S{}^0_298[Te8O10(PO4)4] = 823.3 J·mol–1·K–1. The phase relations in quaternary systems M/P/Te/O (M = Ti, Zr, Ce) were calculated and optimised synthesis parameters for phosphide tellurides were derived.
Darstellung, Kristall‐ und Molekülstruktur eines zwölfgliedrigen N,N′‐Di‐Lithium‐cyclosiloxazans [Me2SiOSiMe2N(Li)SiMe2O]2
Authors: Veith Michael , Rammo Andreas , Heim Ralf , Huch Volker 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe twelve membered and eighteen membered cyclosiloxazanes [Me2SiOSiMe2N(H)SiMe2O]2 (3) and [Me2SiOSiMe2N(H)SiMe2O]3 (4) have been obtained as colourless liquids from the reaction of 1,5‐Dichlorohexamethyltrisiloxane with ammonia at–50 °C without any solvent. For compound 3 and 4, the yield is 30 % and 43 %, respectively. The treatment of 3 with two equivalents of n‐butyllithium in n‐hexane leads in almost quantitative yield (93 %) to the dilithiumsilylamide [Me2SiOSiMe2N(Li)SiMe2O]2 (5). Compound 5 can be isolated at room temperature and recrystallized from benzene without any decomposition or contraction of the ring size. An X‐ray structure determination on [Me2SiOSiMe2N(Li)SiMe2O]2 (5) reveals a waved crown‐like twelve membered Si6N2O4‐cycle. Each of the two lithium ions is coordinated by two nitrogen and two oxygen atoms leading to a square pyramid, in which the metal occupies the apex. The two square‐pyramidal coordination figures are located above and below the waved crown‐like Si6N2O4‐ring sharing a common edge by the atoms N(1) and N(2). All synthesised compounds have been characterised by spectroscopic methods. Because of the lower solubility of the dilithiumsilylamide 5, only a 1H‐NMR could be applied for further characterisation in solution.
Hydroxocobalamin dose escalation improves metabolic control in cblC
Authors: Carrillo‐Carrasco N. , Sloan J. , Valle D. , Hamosh A. , Venditti C. P. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryCobalamin C (cblC), a combined form of methylmalonic acidaemia and hyperhomocysteinaemia, is recognized as the most frequent inborn error of intracellular cobalamin metabolism. This condition can be detected by expanded newborn screening and can have an acute neonatal presentation that is life‐threatening if not suspected and promptly treated. Intramuscular (IM) hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl) is the main treatment for patients with cblC, but formal dosing guidelines do not exist. A clinical improvement and a decrease of plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA) and total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, and an increase in methionine are typically observed after its initiation. It is well recognized that despite treatment, long‐term complications such as developmental delay and progressive visual loss, may still develop. We describe the biochemical response of a 13‐year‐old boy with worsening metabolic parameters despite strict adherence to a conventional treatment regimen. We progressively increased the OHCbl dose from 1 to 20 mg IM per day and observed a dose‐dependent response with an 80% reduction of plasma MMA (25 to 5.14 μmol/L; normal range <0.27 μmol/L), a 55% reduction of tHcy (112 to 50 μmol/L; normal range: 0–13 μmol/L) and a greater than twofold increase in methionine (17 to 36 μmol/L; normal range: 7–47 μmol/L). This suggests that higher OHCbl doses might be required to achieve an optimal biochemical response in cblC patients, but it is unknown whether it may slow or eliminate other complications. Future clinical trials to determine the benefits of higher‐dose OHCbl therapy in patients with cblC and other disorders of intracellular cobalamin metabolism should be planned.
Clinical and biochemical studies in mucopolysaccharidosis type II carriers
Authors: Schwartz I. V. D. , Pinto L. L. C. , Breda G. , Lima L. , Ribeiro M. G. , Mota J. G. , Acosta A. X. , Correia P. , Horovitz D. D. G. , Porciuncula C. G. G. , Lipinski‐Figueiredo E. , Fett‐Conte A. C. , Oliveira Sobrinho R. P. , Norato D. Y. J. , Paula A. C. , Kim C. A. , Duarte A. R. , Boy R. , Leistner‐Segal S. , Burin M. G. , Giugliani R. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe aim of the study was to characterize clinically and biochemically mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) heterozygotes. Fifty‐two women at risk to be a carrier, with a mean age of 34.1 years (range 16–57 years), were evaluated through pedigree analysis, medical history, physical examination, measurement of iduronate sulfatase (IDS) activities in plasma and in leukocytes, quantification of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in urine, and analysis of the IDS gene. Eligibility criteria for the study also included being 16 years of age or older and being enrolled in a genetic counselling programme. The pedigree and DNA analyses allowed the identification of 40/52 carriers and 12/52 non‐carriers. All women evaluated were clinically healthy, and their levels of urinary GAGs were within normal limits. Median plasma and leukocyte IDS activities found among carriers were significantly lower than the values found for non‐carriers; there was, however, an overlap between carriers’ and non‐carriers’ values. Our data suggests that MPS II carriers show lower plasma and leukocyte IDS activities but that this reduction is generally associated neither with changes in levels of urinary GAGs nor with the occurrence of clinical manifestations.
Cognitive and social profiles in two patients with cobalamin C disease
Authors: Beauchamp M. H. , Anderson V. , Boneh A. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryCobalamin C (cblC) disease, an inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism, results in neurometabolic, neurochemical and neuroanatomical changes. Little is known of the long‐term effects of the disorder on cognition and behaviour in children. Here, the complete neuropsychological profiles of two 12‐year‐old girls with cblC disease are presented. The two girls were tested longitudinally with standardized neuropsychological tests including intellectual ability, attention and memory, as well as executive, adaptive and behavioural function. The results indicate the presence of intellectual dysfunction, attention problems, and concerns with behavioural aspects of executive function. Both patients demonstrated a pattern of decreasing intellectual function over time, which may reflect a growing developmental gap in comparison with their same age peers. These impairments are in contrast to the relatively spared verbal expression and comprehension abilities, as well as strengths in sociability. The findings highlight a pattern of neuropsychological strengths and weaknesses that may distinguish cblC disease from other inborn errors of metabolism. Overt sociability such as observed in these two patients may actually mask underlying cognitive deficits because the patients appear to function at a more advanced level than that reflected by quantitative assessment of intellectual and cognitive functioning. This is of clinical and functional importance and suggests that accurate determination of cognitive, adaptive and social abilities necessitates an in‐depth and broad evaluation. The presence of significant intellectual and cognitive deficits also underscores the need to document and monitor cognitive development in children with cblC disease and to consider remediative and adaptive learning strategies.
Romantic relationships and delinquent behaviour in adolescence: The moderating role of delinquency propensity
Authors: Eklund Jenny M. , Kerr Margaret , Stattin Håkan 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThere is some evidence that adolescent romantic involvement is associated with delinquent behaviour. One aim of this longitudinal study was to determine whether this holds for romantic relationships deemed important by the participants. A second aim was to test whether this association was stronger for adolescents with pre‐existing delinquent behaviour and personality traits of impulsivity and thrill seeking (delinquency propensity). Sex differences also were examined. Participants were 686 7th and 8th grade students who completed three assessments over three years. The results showed that delinquency was associated with earlier romantic relationships among those who were higher in delinquency propensity one year earlier. This association was stronger among girls than boys. Thus, romantic relationships amplified girls' and boys' existing delinquency propensity, but this was strongest among girls.
Glutamine attenuates acute lung injury by inhibition of high mobility group box protein-1 expression during sepsis
Authors: Kwon Woon Yong , Suh Gil Joon , Kim Kyung Su , Jo You Hwan , Lee Jae Hyuk , Kim Kyuseok , Jung Sung Koo 
Published: October 2009

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is reported as the main factor responsible for the beneficial effects of glutamine (GLN) and as a negative regulator of high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) expression. Our aim was to determine whether GLN attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) by the inhibition of HMGB-1 expression during sepsis. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. GLN or saline was administered through tail vein 1 h after CLP. Then, quercetin (Q), an inhibitor of HSP70, was utilised to assess the role of the enhanced HSP70. We observed the survival of the subjects. At 24 h post-CLP, we measured lung HSP70, phosphorylated heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1-p) and HMGB-1 expressions, NF-κB DNA-binding activity and ALI occurrence. We also measured serum HSP70, IL-6 and HMGB-1 concentrations. GLN improved survival during sepsis. In GLN-treated rats, lung HSP70 and HSF-1-p expressions were enhanced, lung HMGB-1 expression and NF-κB DNA-binding activity were suppressed, and ALI was attenuated. Furthermore, in GLN-administered rats, serum HSP70 concentration was higher, and serum IL-6 and HMGB-1 concentrations were lower than those in non-treated rats. Q inhibited the enhancement of HSP70 and HSF-1-p expressions and abrogated the GLN-mediated benefits. In conclusion, GLN attenuated ALI and improved survival by the inhibition of HMGB-1 expression during sepsis in rats. These benefits were associated with the enhancement of HSP70 expression by GLN.
A vernalization-intensity model to predict bolting in sugar beet
Authors: MILFORD G. F. J. , JARVIS P. J. , WALTERS C. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYA new model is presented that relates the numbers of bolters in sugar-beet crops to an intensity of vernalization calculated as the accumulated number of hours between sowing and the end of June that temperatures were between 0 and 13°C, with each temperature within this range differentially weighted for its vernalizing effect. The model allows varieties to be characterized in terms of a threshold number of vernalizing hours needed to induce bolting (the vernalization requirement) and the increase in the proportion of bolted plants with each additional 10 vernalizing hours accumulated above this vernalizing threshold (the bolting sensitivity). When parameterized for variety, the model allows the level of bolting to be predicted for crops sown on specific dates in particular locations.Data from variety-assessment trials done at a wide range of locations throughout the main UK sugar-beet growing areas between 1973 and 2006, and from early sown bolting trials done at a few sites between 2000 and 2008, were used to define specific aspects of the model. These included the range and weightings of vernalizing temperatures, the period during which vernalization occurs, and the temperatures likely to cause plants to become devernalized.The vernalization-intensity bolting model was parameterized and validated using separate subsets of the UK variety-assessment trial data. It was shown to be more discriminating and robust than an existing ‘cool-day’ model, which relates bolting to the number of days from sowing in which the maximum air temperature was below 12°C. Examples are given of the use of the new model to assess the bolting risk associated with early sowing in different regions of the UK, to interpret recent patterns of bolting (especially the large numbers of bolters seen in some commercial crops in 2008), and its potential use as an advisory tool.
Superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm: first reported case after parotid surgery
Authors: Bernstein J M , Bury R W , Nigam A 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective:To describe a case of superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm occurring as a rare complication of parotid surgery (to the authors' knowledge, the first such case reported), to review the aetiology of superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm, and to highlight pseudoaneurysm as a cause of facial swelling after parotidectomy.Method:A literature search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases was carried out using the Medical Subject Heading key words ‘superficial temporal artery’, ‘aneurysm’, ‘pseudoaneurysm’ and ‘parotid’.Result:No previously reported cases of superficial temporal artery aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm following parotid surgery were identified.Conclusion:Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery is a rare complication of parotid surgery which has not previously been reported.
Brain-based sex differences in parenting propagate emotion expression
Authors: Swain James E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractParent-infant emotional expressions vary according to parent and infant gender. Such parent-infant interactions critically affect infant development. Neuroimaging research is exploring emotion-related brain function that varies according to gender, and regulates parenting thoughts and behaviors in the early postpartum. Through specific brain functions, parenting serves to program the infant brain for the next generation of sex-specific emotional expression.
Human female exogamy is supported by cross-species comparisons: Cause to recognise sex differences in societal policy?
Authors: Madison Guy 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA sex difference in the tendency to outbreed (female exogamy) is a premise for the target article's proposed framework, which receives some support by being shared with chimpanzees but not with more distantly related primates. Further empirical support is provided, and it is suggested that recognition of sex differences might improve effective fairness, taking sexual assault as a case in point.
Technology Assessment of Periodic Health Examinations for School Children in Japan
Authors: Hisashige Akinori 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn Japan, preventive health services have been heavily concentrated in mass screening. This prioritization is also true in the field of school health. Annual mass health screenings have been provided to 21.3 million children from kindergarten to university level under the School Health Law. In 1973, periodic health examinations were extended to include screenings for renal and heart diseases. This extensive screening program has been introduced without any evidence supporting its effectiveness. Although available data relative to these screenings in Japan were examined, neither the efficacy of the tests nor the effectiveness of the screenings were observed. Moreover, costs for the tests during the initial phase amounted to US $120 million and $65 million, respectively.
The Technology Assessment and Practice Guidelines Forum: A Modified Group Judgment Method
Authors: Perry Seymour , Wilkinson Susann L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article describes a new group-judgment process, modified from the consensus development approach of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. It is called the “forum” method, a shorthand term for “technology assessment and practice guidelines forum.” This approach is aimed at (a) describing the current state of knowledge of the technology under study; (b) developing practice guidelines for the use of the technology; and (c) providing information for insurers, consumers, policymakers, and others. A pilot study was conducted focusing on total parenteral nutrition. The validity of the process and of the recommendations and their acceptability were evaluated in a survey of participants and a selected group of nonparticipants. Based on the survey results, the forum method appears to be a valuable method for assessing technologies, defining their clinical role, and developing practice guidelines.
Lower Back Pain: Laminectomies, Spinal Fusions, Demographics, and Socioeconomics
Authors: Bentkover Judith D. , Sheshinski Ruth H. , Hedley-Whyte John , Warfield Carol A. , Mosteller Frederick 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe models and analyses used in this study represent an important step in the continued search for the optimum use of surgery for the treatment of lower back pain. The likelihood of patients who are hospitalized with lower back pain in Massachusetts receiving either laminectomies or spinal fusions or both was increased when any of the following demographic, socioeconomic, or medical characteristics were present: white, male, well insured, young, routine admission, admitted to a medium-sized hospital, admitted to a teaching hospital, admitted to a hospital with a high occupancy rate, and discharged home.
The Intensive Care Unit: The Unfolding and Ambiguities of Survival Therapy
Authors: Reiser Stanley Joel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe intensive care unit (ICU), one of the great achievements of modern medicine, is both a set of technologies and a space with a special function. This essay traces the evolution of the ICU's crucial technologies, and how the space bearing this name was carved out in the hospital. Ethical, legal, and social developments, an important part of this story, are incorporated in it.