bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Situ Partial Sintering of Gold‐Nanoparticle Sheets for SERS Applications
Authors: He Jinbo , Lin Xiao‐Min , Divan Ralu , Jaeger Heinrich M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new, versatile substrate design for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is introduced that provides better illumination and collection efficiency than other solid substrates. It uses sheets of 5 nm diameter gold nanoparticles that are draped by drying‐mediated self‐assembly onto 100 nm thick silicon nitride membranes. During laser illumination, partial in‐situ sintering of the nanoparticles into larger structures with tiny gaps (≈2 nm) greatly increases the SERS enhancement factor. The detection of 1 pM of p‐mercaptoaniline and 1 fg of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene is demonstrated. The use of self‐assembled nanoparticle sheets furthermore makes it possible to perform SERS detection in situ on top of a probe solution droplet.
A nomogram predicting disease‐free survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases treated with hepatic resection: multicenter data collection as a Project Study for Hepatic Surgery of the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Beppu Toru , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Honda Goro , Tanaka Kuniya , Kotera Yoshihito , Nitta Hiroyuki , Yoshidome Hiroyuki , Hatano Etsuro , Ueno Masaki , Takamura Hiroyuki , Baba Hideo , Kosuge Tomoo , Kokudo Norihiro , Takahashi Keiichi , Endo Itaru , Wakabayashi Go , Miyazaki Masaru , Uemoto Shinji , Ohta Tetsuo , Kikuchi Ken , Yamaue Hiroki , Yamamoto Masakazu , Takada Tadahiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground/purposeThe aim of this study was to create a nomogram to predict the disease‐free survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases treated with hepatic resection.MethodsPerioperative factors were assessed in 727 hepatectomized patients with colorectal liver metastases between 2000 and 2004 at the 11 institutions of the “Project Committee of the Liver” in the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery. A nomogram was developed as a graphical representation of a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsPerioperative mortality was 0.55%. Disease‐free and overall survival rates were 31.2 and 63.8% at 3 years, 27.2 and 47.7% at 5 years, and 24.7 and 38.5% at 10 years, respectively. Six preoperative factors were selected to create the nomogram for disease‐free survival: synchronous metastases, 3 points; primary lymph node positive, 3 points; number of tumors 2–4, 4 points and ≥5, 9 points; largest tumor diameter >5 cm, 2 points; extrahepatic metastasis at hepatectomy, 4 points, and preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 level >100, 4 points. The estimated median disease‐free survival time was easily calculated by the nomogram: >8.4 years for patients with 0 points, 1.9 years for 5 points, 1.0 years for 10 points, and the rates were lower than 0.6 years for patients with more than 10 points.ConclusionsThis nomogram can easily calculate the median and yearly disease‐free survival rates from only 6 preoperative variables. This is a very useful tool to determine the likelihood of early recurrence and the necessity for perioperative chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases after hepatic resection.
Patch size of gall‐forming aphids: deme formation revisited
Authors: Ben‐Shlomo Rachel , Inbar Moshe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPlants of the genus Pistacia (Anacardiaceae) serve as obligate hosts for a group of specialized gall‐forming aphids (Homoptera: Fordinae). The aphids regularly migrate between the Pistacia (primary) host plants and the roots of non‐specific grasses and cereals (secondary hosts). Gall density varies considerably between trees and sites. The intimate relationships between the aphids and their primary host, the natural variation of host susceptibility, and the heterogeneous geographical environment may promote local adaptation and deme formation in the aphid populations. Indeed, previous analyses of the genetic structure of the aphid Baizongia pistaciae, which forms large galls on the deciduous P. palaestina trees, suggested deme formation (Martinez et al. 2005). In this study, we analyzed the genetic structure of the B. pistaciae population at eight sites and 78 trees throughout Israel and a single population in Turkey, using two molecular markers (AFLP fingerprints and COI sequencing). The genetic distance between the Israeli populations was found to be low (D = 0.01–0.02), and there was no genetic differentiation found between any population pairs. In five of the Israeli populations, we also compared the genetic identity between aphids forming galls on the same tree and between galls on neighboring trees. The analysis indicated that the genetic identity of different galls within a tree resembles the correspondence between trees within a population. Our results showed no indication of deme formation or any hierarchical genetic substructuring within B. pistaciae populations in Israel. The extensive gene flow between aphid colonies may be explained by their dispersal abilities and the potential bridging role of the secondary hosts.
Motion of slender bodies in unsteady Stokes flow
Authors: Barta Efrath 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe flow regime in the vicinity of oscillatory slender bodies, either an isolated one or a row of many bodies, immersed in viscous fluid (i.e. under creeping flow conditions) is studied. Applying the slender-body theory by distributing proper singularities on the bodies’ major axes yields reasonably accurate and easily computed solutions. The effect of the oscillations is revealed by comparisons with known Stokes flow solutions and is found to be most significant for motion along the normal direction. Streamline patterns associated with motion of a single body are characterized by formation and evolution of eddies. The motion of adjacent bodies results, with a reduction or an increase of the drag force exerted by each body depending on the direction of motion and the specific geometrical set-up. This dependence is demonstrated by parametric results for frequency of oscillations, number of bodies, their slenderness ratio and the spacing between them. Our method, being valid for a wide range of parameter values and for densely packed arrays of rods, enables simulation of realistic flapping of bristled wings of some tiny insects and of locomotion of flagella and ciliated micro-organisms, and might serve as an efficient tool in the design of minuscule vehicles. Its potency is demonstrated by a solution for the flapping of thrips.
Modelling bubble clusters in compressible liquids
Authors: Fuster D. , Colonius T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe present a new model for bubbly cavitating flows. Based on volume-averaged equations, a subgrid model is added to account for a bubble, or multiple bubbles, within each computational cell. The model converges to the solution of ensemble-averaged bubbly flow equations for weak oscillations and monodisperse systems. In the other extreme, it also converges to the theoretical solution for a single oscillating bubble, and captures the bubble radius evolution and the pressure disturbance induced in the liquid. A substantial saving of computational time is achieved compared to ensemble-averaged models for polydisperse mixtures.
The role of Stewartson and Ekman layers in turbulent rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Kunnen Rudie P. J. , Stevens Richard J. A. M. , Overkamp Jim , Sun Chao , van Heijst GertJan F. , Clercx Herman J. H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhen the classical Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) system is rotated about its vertical axis roughly three regimes can be identified. In regime I (weak rotation) the large-scale circulation (LSC) is the dominant feature of the flow. In regime II (moderate rotation) the LSC is replaced by vertically aligned vortices. Regime III (strong rotation) is characterized by suppression of the vertical velocity fluctuations. Using results from experiments and direct numerical simulations of RB convection for a cell with a diameter-to-height aspect ratio equal to one at $\mathit{Ra}\ensuremath{\sim} 1{0}^{8} \text{{\ndash}} 1{0}^{9} $ ($\mathit{Pr}= 4\text{{\ndash}} 6$) and $0\lesssim 1/ \mathit{Ro}\lesssim 25$ we identified the characteristics of the azimuthal temperature profiles at the sidewall in the different regimes. In regime I the azimuthal wall temperature profile shows a cosine shape and a vertical temperature gradient due to plumes that travel with the LSC close to the sidewall. In regimes II and III this cosine profile disappears, but the vertical wall temperature gradient is still observed. It turns out that the vertical wall temperature gradient in regimes II and III has a different origin than that observed in regime I. It is caused by boundary layer dynamics characteristic for rotating flows, which drives a secondary flow that transports hot fluid up the sidewall in the lower part of the container and cold fluid downwards along the sidewall in the top part.
Factualism, Normativism and the Bounds of Normativity
Authors: Besch Thomas M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT: The paper argues that applications of the principle that “ought” implies “can” (OIC) depend on normative considerations even if the link between “ought” and “can” is logical in nature. Thus, we should reject a common, “factualist” conception of OIC and endorse weak “normativism.” Even if we use OIC as the rule “‘’therefore‘ought not’,” applying OIC is not a mere matter of facts and logic, as factualists claim, but often draws on “proto-ideals” of moral agency.RESUME: Cet article défend que les applications du principe «“devoir” implique “pouvoir”» (OIC pour l’anglais ‘ought’ implies ‘can’) dépendent de considérations normatives quoique ce lien soit de nature logique. Nous devrions donc rejeter la conception «factuelle» de l’OIC et plutôt défendre un «normativisme» faible. Même en supposant que l’on utilise l’OIC comme étant la règle «“ne pas pouvoir” implique “ne pas devoir”», appliquer l’OIC n’est pas seulement une question de faits et de logique, comme le soutiennent les «factualistes», mais découle souvent de «proto-idéaux» de l’agentivité morale.
Allostasis and the developing human brain: Explicit consideration of implicit models
Authors: Ganzel Barbara L. , Morris Pamela A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe previously used the theory of allostasis as the foundation for a model of the current stress process. This work highlighted the core emotional systems of the brain as the central mediator of the relationship between stress and health. In this paper, we extend this theoretical approach to consider the role of developmental timing. In doing so, we note that there are strong implicit models that underlie current developmental stress research in the social and life sciences. We endeavor to illustrate these modelsexplicitlyas we review the evidence behind each one and discuss their implications. We then extend these models to reflect recent findings from research in life span human neuroscience. The result is a new set of developmental allostatic models that provide fodder for future empirical research, as well as novel perspectives on intervention.
A developmental increase in allostatic load from ages 3 to 11 years is associated with increased schizotypal personality at age 23 years
Authors: Peskin Melissa , Raine Adrian , Gao Yu , Venables Peter H. , Mednick Sarnoff A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlthough allostatic load has been investigated in mood and anxiety disorders, no prior study has investigated developmental change in allostatic load as a precursor to schizotypal personality. This study employed a multilevel developmental framework to examine whether the development of increased allostatic load, as indicated by impaired sympathetic nervous system habituation from ages 3 to 11 years, predisposes to schizotypal personality at age 23 years. Electrodermal activity to six aversive tones was recorded in 995 subjects at age 3 years and again at 11 years. Habituation slopes at both ages were used to create groups who showed a developmental increase in habituation (decreased allostatic load), and those who showed a developmental decrease in habituation (increased allostatic load). Children who showed a developmental increase in allostatic load from ages 3 to 11 years had higher levels of schizotypal personality at 23 years. A breakdown of total schizotypy scores demonstrated specificity of findings to cognitive–perceptual features of schizotypy. Findings are the first to document a developmental abnormality in allostasis in relation to adult schizotypal personality. The relative failure to develop normal habituation to repeated stressors throughout childhood is hypothesized to result in an accumulation of allostatic load and consequently increased positive symptom schizotypy in adulthood.
Kindergarten stressors and cumulative adrenocortical activation: The “first straws” of allostatic load?
Authors: Bush Nicole R. , Obradović Jelena , Adler Nancy , Boyce W. Thomas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUsing an ethnically diverse longitudinal sample of 338 kindergarten children, this study examined the effects of cumulative contextual stressors on children's developing hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulation as an early life indicator of allostatic load. Chronic HPA axis regulation was assessed using cumulative, multiday measures of cortisol in both the fall and spring seasons of the kindergarten year. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that contextual stressors related to ethnic minority status, socioeconomic status, and family adversity each uniquely predicted children's daily HPA activity and that some of those associations were curvilinear in conformation. Results showed that the quadratic, U-shaped influences of family socioeconomic status and family adversity operate in different directions to predict children's HPA axis regulation. Results further suggested that these associations differ for White and ethnic minority children. In total, this study revealed that early childhood experiences contribute to shifts in one of the principal neurobiological systems thought to generate allostatic load, confirming the importance of early prevention and intervention efforts. Moreover, findings suggested that analyses of allostatic load and developmental theories accounting for its accrual would benefit from an inclusion of curvilinear associations in tested predictive models.
Associations among depression, perceived self-efficacy, and immune function and health in preadolescent children
Authors: Caserta Mary T. , Wyman Peter A. , Wang Hongyue , Moynihan Jan , O'Connor Thomas G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractExperimental animal studies and adult research consistently show that stress exposure and/or psychological symptoms are associated with poorer health and immune functioning. The application to children is not yet clear, however, and we lack developmental models for studies in this area. The objective of this paper was to test the hypothesis that self-reported self-efficacy and depression, two markers of psychological well-being in children, would predict immunity and rate of illnesses. The data are based on a prospective study of 141 healthy, normally developing children aged 7–13 years who were recruited from an ambulatory pediatric setting. Children completed self-efficacy and depression measures and had blood obtained for IL-6 plasma levels and natural killer cell functional assays on three occasions, 6 months apart. Parents maintained weekly child illness diaries over 1 year using a thermometer to record fever. Parent psychiatric symptoms and income were used as covariates. Results indicated that, across the three occasions of measurement collected over the 1-year period, higher perceived self-efficacy was significantly associated with lower plasma interleukin 6 concentrations. There was no overall main effect of depressive symptoms on immune measures; however, for older girls, higher depression was associated with elevated natural killer cell cytotoxicity and an increased rate of total illnesses and febrile illnesses. The findings provide some of the first evidence that psychological processes are associated with immunity and health in a normally developing sample of preadolescents. Furthermore, the pattern of results suggests a modified model of a link between psychological well-being and immunological processes in children. These results build on and expand research on the notion of allostatic load and develop a groundwork for developmental studies in this area.
Balancing the benefits and risks of public–private partnerships to address the global double burden of malnutrition
Authors: Kraak Vivica I , Harrigan Paige B , Lawrence Mark , Harrison Paul J , Jackson Michaela A , Swinburn Boyd 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTransnational food, beverage and restaurant companies, and their corporate foundations, may be potential collaborators to help address complex public health nutrition challenges. While UN system guidelines are available for private-sector engagement, non-governmental organizations (NGO) have limited guidelines to navigate diverse opportunities and challenges presented by partnering with these companies through public–private partnerships (PPP) to address the global double burden of malnutrition.DesignWe conducted a search of electronic databases, UN system websites and grey literature to identify resources about partnerships used to address the global double burden of malnutrition. A narrative summary provides a synthesis of the interdisciplinary literature identified.ResultsWe describe partnership opportunities, benefits and challenges; and tools and approaches to help NGO engage with the private sector to address global public health nutrition challenges. PPP benefits include: raising the visibility of nutrition and health on policy agendas; mobilizing funds and advocating for research; strengthening food-system processes and delivery systems; facilitating technology transfer; and expanding access to medications, vaccines, healthy food and beverage products, and nutrition assistance during humanitarian crises. PPP challenges include: balancing private commercial interests with public health interests; managing conflicts of interest; ensuring that co-branded activities support healthy products and healthy eating environments; complying with ethical codes of conduct; assessing partnership compatibility; and evaluating partnership outcomes.ConclusionsNGO should adopt a systematic and transparent approach using available tools and processes to maximize benefits and minimize risks of partnering with transnational food, beverage and restaurant companies to effectively target the global double burden of malnutrition.
A planar compact dual-band bandpass filter using stepped impedance resonator and interdigital capacitor
Authors: Sarkar Pankaj , Ghatak Rowdra , Pal Manimala , Poddar Dipak Ranjan 
Published: October 2011

In this paper a dual-band bandpass filter with sharp rejection is proposed. The filter is realized by using two half-wavelength stepped impedance resonators to operate at the passbands 2.5 and 3.5 GHz. To increase the band width further to about 45 MHz at the lower passband and 115 MHz at the higher passband, interdigital capacitors are introduced between resonator and input and output combining network. Measured insertion loss is about 1.45 and 1.7 dB at first and second passbands, respectively. A finite transmission zero in between two passbands at 2.84 GHz is realized to improve the selectivity of the filter. The design procedure to get highly selective response of the proposed filter is explicitly explained. An equivalent circuit model of proposed filter is developed that matches well with measured results.
Perceived vulnerabilities of female athletes to the development of disordered eating behaviours
Authors: Stirling Ashley , Kerr Gretchen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDisordered eating in athletes is an issue of concern given its prevalence and links with negative health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine female athletes’ perceived vulnerabilities to the development of disordered eating. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 17 female, competitive athletes from a variety of sports who self‐reported disordered eating behaviours. The results confirm previous research that sport's emphasis on the body and appearance is a factor of vulnerability. Personal qualities of perfectionism, achievement‐motivation, self‐absorption, competitiveness and self‐control, were also described as vulnerabilities to disordered eating behaviours. The participants’ abilities to tolerate pain and to enjoy hunger pains also reportedly increased their vulnerability to disordered eating. It is suggested that the qualities valued by competitive sport may also be potential factors of vulnerability to disordered eating. The findings are discussed in terms of recommendations for future research and practice.
Analysis of the relation between throwing speed and throwing accuracy in team‐handball according to instruction
Authors: García Juan Antonio , Sabido Rafael , Barbado David , Moreno Francisco Javier 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study examines the differences between expert and novice team‐handball players in their sensitivity to instructions that emphasize speed or precision requirements. The effects of instructions on throwing speed and accuracy of a handball over arm throw and the speed–accuracy trade‐off in experts and novices is revisited. An expert group (n=18) with a training experience of more than 10 years, and a novice group (n=24) without experience in team‐handball, took part in the study. The participants were asked to throw to targets located at different positions following instructions emphasizing accuracy and instructions emphasizing accuracy and speed. Throwing speed was measured with a speed gun radar, and the centre of the ball when the ball entered the goal was digitalized for accuracy. Under these experimental conditions, the novice group was sensitive to instructions for reducing throwing speed and increasing accuracy when instructions emphasized accuracy. The expert group increased throwing speed when the instructions emphasized speed, but was not less accurate. The results indicate that it is advisable for experts’ speed to be close to maximum speed since it does not seem to have a significant effect on accuracy of the throw.