bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wnt signaling modulates pre‐ and postsynaptic maturation: Therapeutic considerations
Authors: Farías Ginny G. , Godoy Juan A. , Cerpa Waldo , Varela‐Nallar Lorena , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWnt signaling regulates a wealth of aspects of nervous system development and function in embryonic stages and in adulthood. The expression of Wnt ligands and components of the Wnt signaling machinery in early stages of neural development has been related to its role in neurite patterning and in synaptogenesis. Moreover, its expression in the mature nervous system suggests a role for this pathway in synaptic maintenance and function. Therefore, it is of crucial relevance the understanding of the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling regulates these processes. Herein, we discuss how different Wnt ligands, acting through different Wnt signaling pathways, operate in pre‐ and postsynaptic regions to modulate synapse structure and function. We also elaborate on the idea that Wnt signaling pathways are a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that affect synaptic integrity, such as Alzheimer's disease. Developmental Dynamics 239:94–101, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uranium(VI) Adopts a Tetraoxido Core
Authors: Wu Shijun , Ling Jie , Wang Shuao , Skanthakumar S. , Soderholm L. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Depmeier Wulf 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe hydrothermal reaction of uranyl acetate with cadium acetate, or the high‐temperature solid state reaction of arsenic(V) oxide, barium nitrate, and uranyl nitrate results in the formation of Cd2(H2O)2[U(OH)(CH3COO)(UO2)5(OH)2O8]·0.5H2O (1) or Ba4[(UO2)7(UO4)(AsO4)2O7] (2), respectively. Both of these compounds contain uranium sites whose bonding metrics are consistent with the coordination environments found for NpVII and PuVII not UVI. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Determination of enantiomerization barrier of thioridazine by dynamic capillary electrophoresis using sulfated cyclodextrins as chiral selectors
Authors: Lin Ching‐Erh , Ko Ting‐Chang , Kuo Chia‐Ming , Trapp Oliver , Lin Wann‐Yin , Lin Chen‐Hsing , Wu Jong‐Chang , Liu Yu‐Chih 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe enantiomerization of thioridazine (THD) using sulfated β‐CDs (S‐β‐CDs) as chiral selectors in a citrate buffer at pH 3.0 was investigated by dynamic CE. The enantiomers of THD were well separated with dual CD systems consisting of S‐β‐CD and a neutral CD. The electropherograms featuring a plateau formation, which indicated the occurrence of the enantiomerization of THD were obtained. The unified equation implemented in the software program DCXplorer was employed to evaluate elution profiles and to determine rate constants of the enantiomerization of THD. Activation parameters were evaluated from temperature‐dependent measurements between 15 and 25°C with an increment of 2°C. The enantiomerization barriers of THD in two different electrophoretic systems were determined. Comparative studies on enantioseparation of THD using S‐β‐CDs with different degree of substitution and positions of sulfate substituent, such as randomly sulfate‐substituted β‐CD, 18‐sulfate‐substituted β‐CD and heptakis(2,3‐dihydroxy‐6‐O‐sulfo)‐β‐CD reveal that the interactions between chiral selectors and THD plays an important role in the enantioseparation and enantiomerization of THD.
Thermodynamic analysis and kinetics model of H2S sorption using different sorbents
Authors: Meng X.M. , De Jong W. , Verkooijen A.H.M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIntegrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power systems are being advanced worldwide for generating electricity from various fuels due to their high‐energy efficiency, superior environmental performance, and low cost electricity in comparison to conventional power plants. Syngas produced from gasification process, primarily consists of CO, CO2, CH4, and H2, with certain content of contaminants, like sulfur compounds. These need to be removed prior to the utilization to avoid detrimental effects on the system equipments. Hot gas desulfurization (HGD) can improve the thermal efficiencies and lower the capital costs of the IGCC system due to the elimination of fuel gas cooling and associated heat exchangers. For this reason, various sorbents have been extensively studied to remove both inorganic and organic sulfur‐containing compounds in situ or downstream of gasifiers. To efficiently evaluate the performance of different sorbents and optimize the desulfurization process, a kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the sorption reaction(s) for sulfur removal from hot gases is necessary. In this work, dolomite, limestone, lime, and several metal oxides, like CuO, ZnO, FeO, and MnO were chosen as desulfurization sorbent candidates. Three simulated gases based on gas compositions obtained from typical gasifiers were used for the thermodynamic analysis of sorption with various sorbents for H2S removal. The H2S concentration in equilibrium was calculated using the software package Factsage version 5.4.1 (GTT Technologies). The thermodynamic analysis shows that the equilibrium H2S concentration associated with the sulfidation of different sorbent is a strong function of temperature compared with other conditional parameters. Copper, zinc, and manganese oxides have the most favorable thermodynamic property of H2S removal when the temperature is lower than 650°C. Compared with other sorbents, dolomite, limestone, and lime have fairly similar removal abilities and exhibit quite different sorption tendencies as a function of the temperature. Finally, different sulfidation models were presented and the kinetics of sulfidation with calcium‐based sorbent by using the unreacted shrinking core model with variable effective diffusivity will be further examined and covered in the future publications. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Management of prostate cancer: future treatment approaches
Authors: Mason Malcolm 
Published: August 2009

AbstractProstate cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. This may reflect a true increase in the incidence of the disease, but a component of it is certainly related to increased detection rates due to opportunistic prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing. In this article, Professor Malcolm Mason reviews the current treatment of prostate cancer and considers promising future treatment options, including the possibility of prevention as suggested by recent studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Saxagliptin: a new option for the management of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Evans Marc 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIncretin‐based therapies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) present a new approach to disease management. Over recent years, several new drugs have entered the marketplace, and NICE have recently issued guidance on how best to incorporate these new drugs into treatment regimens. In this article, Marc Evans reviews saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitor, and considers its potential clinical use. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Future directions in antiplatelet therapy: efficacy versus safety
Authors: Kuzniatsova Nadzeya , Shantsila Eduard , Lip Gregory YH 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of platelet activation and thrombogenesis has led to the discovery of new antiplatelet agents. Various clinical studies have investigated the effectiveness of these new agents in comparison with ‘traditional’ antiplatelet drugs. The problem with this approach is that enhanced antiplatelet activity may result in excessive bleeding complications. Consequently, the challenge is to ascertain the fine balance between optimal efficacy and safety for future antiplatelet drugs and their combinations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lung cancer, arthritis and gout: reports from ASCO and EULAR
Authors: Lyon Sue 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe second most common cancer diagnosed in the UK, lung cancer, is also the most deadly. Over twothirds of patients present with advanced disease, and at present only 7% survive for at least five years after diagnosis.1 New hope is offered by studies presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), held on 28 May–2 June in Orlando, USA Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of urbanization on stream water quality in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Authors: Peters Norman E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA long‐term stream water quality monitoring network was established in the city of Atlanta, Georgia during 2003 to assess baseline water quality conditions and the effects of urbanization on stream water quality. Routine hydrologically based manual stream sampling, including several concurrent manual point and equal width increment sampling, was conducted ∼12 times annually at 21 stations, with drainage areas ranging from 3·7 to 232 km2. Eleven of the stations are real‐time (RT) stations having continuous measures of stream stage/discharge, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature and turbidity, and automatic samplers for stormwater collection. Samples were analyzed for field parameters, and a broad suite of water quality and sediment‐related constituents. Field parameters and concentrations of major ions, metals, nutrient species and coliform bacteria among stations were evaluated and with respect to watershed characteristics and plausible sources from 2003 through September 2007. Most constituent concentrations are much higher than nearby reference streams. Concentrations are statistically different among stations for several constituents, despite high variability both within and among stations. Routine manual sampling, automatic sampling during stormflows and RT water quality monitoring provided sufficient information about urban stream water quality variability to evaluate causes of water quality differences among streams. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations of most samples exceeded Georgia's water quality standard for any water‐usage class. High chloride concentrations occur at three stations and are hypothesized to be associated with discharges of chlorinated combined sewer overflows, drainage of swimming pool(s) and dissolution and transport during rainstorms of CaCl2, a deicing salt applied to roads during winter storms. One stream was affected by dissolution and transport of ammonium alum [NH4Al(SO4)2] from an alum‐manufacturing plant; streamwater has low pH (<5), low alkalinity and high metals concentrations. Several trace metals exceed acute and chronic water quality standards and high concentrations are attributed to washoff from impervious surfaces. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the suspended sediment dynamics of a large tropical river: the Upper Niger river basin at Banankoro
Authors: Picouet Cécile , Hingray Benoît , Olivry Jean Claude 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA 9‐year sediment transport monitoring programme on the Niger River was used to study the relationship between suspended sediment concentration and river discharge. During annual floods, this relationship shows the hysteresis normally observed on tropical rivers. This paper presents an attempt to model the time evolution of suspended sediment concentrations during floods using only water discharge data. Two models have been developed. The first model is an empirical model based on a statistical approach using two relationships, one for the rising stage period and one for the recession period of the annual flood. The second one, a lumped conceptual model, uses the respective contributions of two sediment reservoirs. The first reservoir is limited in size and period of functioning and represents hillslope erosion observed during the runoff season. The second reservoir is unlimited in terms of both its size and period of operation and represents sediment contributions from bank erosion and remobilization of sediment deposits in the channel network. Both models have been applied to the Banankoro gauging station on the upper Niger River (for the hydrological years from 1991/1992 to 1999/2000) and are able to simulate the time evolution of sediment concentration during the annual cycle, with a reasonable degree of accuracy. For annual sediment yield, the models do not provide a better estimate than a simple regression with annual water volume. However, the two models are able to simulate the evolution of the sediment flux during the flood. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy as an effective tool for the determination of antioxidative stability of cosmetic formulations
Authors: Darvin Maxim E. , Sterry Wolfram , Lademann Jürgen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCarotenoids beta‐carotene, lutein, lycopene and others are well‐known powerful antioxidants acting as an effective neutralizer of free radicals produced in the human organism as a result of the influence of stress factors, such as UV irradiation. The protective effect of antioxidants is used in cosmetic products to increase the skin protection against the destructive action of free radicals and for the stabilization of formulations against oxidation. In the skin, the different antioxidant substances form protection chains to avoid their destruction by the interaction with the free radicals. Similar effects have to be expected also in topically applied formulations. In the present study the influence of different mixtures of antioxidants (beta‐carotene, vitamins C and E) on the stability of antioxidants in formulations used for skin treatment was investigated. The measurements were carried out by using non‐invasive resonance Raman spectroscopy for the detection of the carotenoid concentration in the cosmetic formulations. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microtubule‐associated protein tau in human prostate cancer cells: Isoforms, phosphorylation, and interactions
Authors: Souter Skye , Lee Gloria 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTau is a microtubule‐associated protein whose function has been investigated primarily in neurons. Recently, tau expression has been correlated with increased drug resistance in various cancers of non‐neuronal tissues. In this report, we investigate the tau expressed in cancerous prostate lines ALVA‐31, DU 145, and PC‐3. Prostate cancer tau is heat‐stable and highly phosphorylated, containing many of the modifications identified in Alzheimer's disease brain tau. RT‐PCR and phosphatase treatment indicated that all six alternatively spliced adult brain tau isoforms are expressed in ALVA‐31 cells, and isoforms containing exon 6 as well as high molecular weight tau isoforms containing either exon 4A or a larger splice variant of exon 4A are also present. Consistent with its hyperphosphorylated state, a large proportion of ALVA‐31 tau does not bind to microtubules, as detected by confocal microscopy and biochemical tests. Finally, endogenous ALVA‐31 tau can interact with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, as demonstrated by co‐immunoprecipitations and in vitro protein‐binding assays. Our results suggest that tau in prostate cancer cells does not resemble that from normal adult brain and support the hypothesis that tau is a multifunctional protein. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 555–564, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional porous scaffolds at the crossroads of tissue engineering and cell‐based gene therapy
Authors: Coutu Daniel L. , Yousefi Azizeh‐Mitra , Galipeau Jacques 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the last 20 years, more than 1,500 gene therapy clinical trials have been approved worldwide targeting a variety of indications, from inherited monogenic diseases to acquired conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. However, concerns about the safety and efficacy of gene therapy pharmaceuticals justify the development of alternative strategies to ensure the clinical translation of this still promising field. In particular, ex vivo gene therapy strategies using autologous adult stem cells coupled to three‐dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds show great promises in preclinical studies. Developments in the fields of biomaterial sciences and tissue engineering have already helped understanding how we can harness to regenerative potential of many cell types to create artificial tissues and organs and vastly improve the engraftment of ex vivo manipulated adult stem cells. In this article, we will review the current state of the art in tissue engineering by exploring the various types of clinically available biomaterials and the methods used to process them into complex 3D scaffolds. We will then review how these technologies are applied in cell‐based gene therapy and identify novel avenues of research that may benefit patients in the near future. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 537–546, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The biological activity of ubiquitinated BoNT/B light chain in vitro and in human SHSY‐5Y neuronal cells
Authors: Shi Xuerong , Curran Jennifer E. , Liao Zhilin , Gordon Richard K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBoNT/B light chain is a zinc‐dependent endopeptidase. After entering its target, the neuronal cell, BoNT/B is responsible for synaptobrevin‐2 (VAMP‐2) cleavage. This results in reduced neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) release from synaptic vesicles, yielding muscular paralysis. Since the toxin persists in neuronal cells for an extended period, regeneration of VAMP‐2 is prevented. We evaluated therapeutic targets to overcome botulinum persistence because early removal would rescue the neuronal cell. The ubiquitination/proteasome cellular pathway is responsible for removing “old” or undesirable proteins. Therefore, we assessed ubiquitination of BoNT/B light chain in vitro, and characterized the effects of ubiquitination modulating drugs, PMA (phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate) and expoxomicin, on ubiquitination of BoNT/B light chain in neuronal cells. Both drugs altered BoNT/B light chain ubiquitination. Ubiquitination in vitro and in cells decreased the biological activity of BoNT/B light chain. These results further elucidate BoNT protein degradation pathways in intoxicated neuronal cells and mechanisms to enhance toxin removal. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 660–667, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphate regulates embryonic endochondral bone development
Authors: Zalutskaya Alena A. , Cox Megan K. , Demay Marie B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPhosphate is required for terminal differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes during postnatal growth plate maturation. In vitro models of chondrocyte differentiation demonstrate that 7 mM phosphate, a concentration analogous to that of the late gestational fetus, activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in hypertrophic chondrocytes. This raises the question as to whether extracellular phosphate modulates chondrocyte differentiation and apoptosis during embryonic endochondral bone formation. To address this question, we performed investigations in the mouse metatarsal culture model that recapitulates in vivo bone development. Metatarsals were cultured for 4, 8, and 12 days with 1.25 and 7 mM phosphate. Metatarsals cultured with 7 mM phosphate showed a decrease in proliferation compared to those cultured in 1.25 mM phosphate. This decrease in proliferation was accompanied by an early enhancement in hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, associated with an increase in FGF18 expression. By 8 days in culture, an increase caspase‐9 activation and apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes was observed in the metatarsals cultured in 7 mM phosphate. Immunohistochemical analyses of embryonic bones demonstrated activation of caspase‐9 in hypertrophic chondrocytes, associated with vascular invasion. Thus, these investigations demonstrate that phosphate promotes chondrocyte differentiation during embryonic development and implicate a physiological role for phosphate activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway during embryonic endochondral bone formation. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 668–674, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of transport and phosphorylation of glucose in cancer cells
Authors: Rodríguez‐Enríquez Sara , Marín‐Hernández Alvaro , Gallardo‐Pérez Juan Carlos , Moreno‐Sánchez Rafael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMetabolic control analysis of tumor glycolysis has indicated that hexokinase (HK) and glucose transporter (GLUT) exert the main flux control (71%). To understand why they are the main controlling steps, the GLUT and HK kinetics and the contents of GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, HKI, and HKII were analyzed in rat hepatocarcinoma AS‐30D and HeLa human cervix cancer. An improved protocol to determine the kinetic parameters of GLUT was developed with D‐[2‐3H‐glucose] as physiological substrate. Kinetic analysis revealed two components at low‐ and high‐glucose concentrations in both tumor cells. At low glucose and 37°C, the Vmax was 55 ± 20 and 17.2 ± 6 nmol (min × mg protein)−1, whereas the Km was 0.52 ± 0.7 and 9.3 ± 3 mM for hepatoma and HeLa cells, respectively. GLUT activity was partially inhibited by cytochalasin B (IC50 = 0.44 ± 0.1; Ki = 0.3 ± 0.1 µM) and phloretin (IC50 = 8.7 µM) in AS‐30D hepatocarcinoma. At physiological glucose, GLUT1 and GLUT3 were the predominant active isoforms in HeLa cells and AS‐30D cells, respectively. HK activity in HeLa cells was much lower (60 mU/mg protein) than that in AS‐30D cells (700 mU/mg protein), but both HKs were strongly inhibited by G6P. HKII was the predominant isoform in AS‐30D carcinoma and HeLa cells. The much lower GLUT Vmax and catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) values in comparison to those of G6P‐sensitive HK suggested the transporter exerts higher control on the glycolytic flux than HK in cancer cells. Thus, GLUT seems a more adequate therapeutic target. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 552–559, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matrix association of latent TGF‐beta binding protein‐2 (LTBP‐2) is dependent on fibrillin‐1
Authors: Vehviläinen Piia , Hyytiäinen Marko , Keski‐Oja Jorma 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their differential expression patterns play important roles in tissue formation. The deposition of latent TGF‐β binding proteins (LTBPs) to the ECM exhibit distinct distribution profiles. We have analyzed here the temporal and spatial ECM association of latent TGF‐β binding protein LTBP‐2 in cultured human embryonic lung fibroblasts. We found that LTBP‐2 was not assembled to the ECM until by confluency of cultures following the deposition of fibronectin (FN) and fibrillin‐1. In 5‐day‐old cultures LTBP‐2 was rapidly secreted from cells and it subsequently associated with the ECM as shown by metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation. LTBP‐2 colocalized transiently with fibronectin and failed to assemble to the ECM of FN deficient mouse fibroblasts. Analysis of different cultured human cell lines revealed partial colocalization of LTBP‐2 and fibrillin‐1 in the ECM of fibroblasts, MG‐63 osteosarcoma cells and human vascular endothelial cells. Silencing of fibrillin‐1 expression by lentiviral shRNAs profoundly disrupted the deposition of LTBP‐2. Current results suggest that LTBP‐2 is not an element of the provisional ECM of fibroblasts but is more likely a component of more mature ECM and indicate that matrix association of LTBP‐2 depends on a pre‐formed fibrillin‐1 network. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 586–593, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.