bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School-Based Health Centers: Cost–Benefit Analysis and Impact on Health Care Disparities
Authors: Guo Jeff J. , Wade Terrance J. , Pan Wei , Keller Kathryn N. 
Published: July 2010

Objectives. We evaluated the impact of school-based health centers—which provide essential health care for students by aiming to eliminate many access barriers—on health care access disparities and conducted a cost–benefit analysis. Methods. We employed a longitudinal quasi-experimental repeated-measures design. Primary data sources included the Ohio Medicaid claims, enrollment file with race/ethnicity, and survey reports from parents. We used hierarchical linear modeling to control unbalanced data because of student attrition. We assessed quarterly total Medicaid reimbursement costs for 5056 students in the SBHC and non-SBHC groups from 1997 to 2003. We calculated net social benefit to compare the cost of the SBHC programs with the value that SBHCs might save or create. Results. With SBHCs, the gap of lower health care cost for African Americans was closed. The net social benefits of the SBHC program in 4 school districts were estimated as $1 352 087 over 3 years. We estimated that the SBHCs could have saved Medicaid about $35 per student per year. Conclusions. SBHCs are cost beneficial to both the Medicaid system and society, and may close health care disparity gaps.
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and reduction of traumatic axonal injury in a rodent head injury model
Authors: Mills James D. , Bailes Julian E. , Sedney Cara L. , Hutchins Heather , Sears Barry 
Published: July 2010

Object
Traumatic brain injury remains the most common cause of death in persons under 45 years of age in the Western world. Recent evidence from animal studies suggests that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) (particularly eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) improves functional outcomes following focal neural injury. The purpose of this study is to determine the benefits of O3FA supplementation following diffuse axonal injury in rats.

Methods
Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Three groups of 10 rats were subjected to an impact acceleration injury and the remaining group underwent a sham-injury procedure (surgery, but no impact injury). Two of the groups subjected to the injury were supplemented with 10 or 40 mg/kg/day of O3FA; the third injured group served as an unsupplemented control group. The sham-injured rats likewise received no O3FA supplementation. Serum fatty acid levels were determined from the isolated plasma phospholipids prior to the injury and at the end of the 30 days of supplementation. After the animals had been killed, immunohistochemical analysis of brainstem white matter tracts was performed to assess the presence of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), a marker of axonal injury. Immunohistochemical analyses of axonal injury mechanisms—including analysis for caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis; RMO-14, a marker of neurofilament compaction; and cytochrome c, a marker of mitochondrial injury—were performed.

Results
Dietary supplementation with a fish oil concentrate rich in EPA and DHA for 30 days resulted in significant increases in O3FA serum levels: 11.6% ± 4.9% over initial levels in the 10 mg/kg/day group and 30.7% ± 3.6% in the 40 mg/kg/day group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased numbers of APP-positive axons in animals receiving O3FA supplementation: 7.7 ± 14.4 axons per mm2 in the 10 mg/kg/day group and 6.2 ± 11.4 axons per mm2 in the 40 mg/kg/day group, versus 182.2 ± 44.6 axons per mm2 in unsupplemented animals. Sham-injured animals had 4.1 ± 1.3 APP-positive axons per mm2. Similarly, immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3 expression demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) reduction in animals receiving O3FA supplementation, 18.5 ± 28.3 axons per mm2 in the 10 mg/kg/day group and 13.8 ± 18.9 axons per mm2 in the 40 mg/kg/day group, versus 129.3 ± 49.1 axons per mm2 in unsupplemented animals.

Conclusions
Dietary supplementation with a fish oil concentrate rich in the O3FAs EPA and DHA increases serum levels of these same fatty acids in a dose-response effect. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduces the number of APP-positive axons at 30 days postinjury to levels similar to those in uninjured animals. Omega-3 fatty acids are safe, affordable, and readily available worldwide to potentially reduce the burden of traumatic brain injury.
Frequency and Phenotype of T Helper 17 Cells in Peripheral Blood and Synovial Fluid of Patients with Reactive Arthritis
Authors: SHEN HUI , GOODALL JANE C. , GASTON J.S. HILL 
Published: July 2010

Objective.To analyze the frequency and phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and synovial fluid mononuclear cell (SFMC) T helper (Th)17 cells in reactive arthritis (ReA).Methods.T cell surface phenotype and cytokine production were measured following stimulation, using 8-color flow cytometry.Results.The percentages of interleukin 17 (IL-17)–positive CD4+ T cells were increased in SFMC of patients with ReA compared with PBMC. All IL-17+ cells were CD4+CD45RO+; in SFMC most expressed CCR6, but only 50% expressed CCR4. IL-17+ cells sometimes coexpressed IL-22 and/or interferon-γ, but not IL-10.Conclusion.These data support the hypothesis that Th17 cells are involved in ReA pathogenesis.
Complications and Visual Prognosis in Children with Aniridia
Authors: Lee Helena , Meyers Katrina , Lanigan Bernadette , O’Keefe Michael 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To characterize the ophthalmological findings, assess surgical outcomes, and review visual outcomes in aniridia.

Methods:
A retrospective case review was performed and data were collected, including patient demographics, incidence of aniridia-associated keratopathy, glaucoma, cataract, retinal breaks or detachments, optic nerve hypoplasia, macular hypoplasia, poor vision, and nystagmus. All outcomes from surgery, including penetrating keratoplasty, trabeculectomy, Ahmed valve insertion, and cataract extraction, were recorded.

Results:
Six children (12 eyes) had corneal abnormalities, 4 had optic nerve hypoplasia, 9 had nystagmus, and 2 had retinal detachments. Four patients (7 eyes) required penetrating keratoplasty. Five patients (9 eyes) developed glaucoma and only 1 of the 4 trabeculectomies performed succeeded. Of the 6 Ahmed valve procedures performed, all succeeded in maintaining a satisfactory intraocular pressure but some required needling and 5-fluorouracil. Eight patients developed cataract and 7 required surgery. Visual outcomes were poor despite treatment. Nine patients had Snellen acuity of 6/60 or less and required low visual aids to function.

Conclusion:
Aniridia is a disorder that requires multiple surgeries. It has a poor visual prognosis despite early diagnosis and aggressive management. Newer techniques such as Ahmed valves and Boston keratoprostheses offer hope, but its proliferative nature makes treatment difficult.
Contrast Sensitivity Comparison Between AcrySof ReSTOR and Acri.LISA Aspheric Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Alfonso José F. , Puchades Cristina , Fernández-Vega Luis , Merayo Carmen , Montés-Micó Robert 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate distance contrast sensitivity under photopic, mesopic, and mesopic with glare conditions after implantation of the AcrySof ReSTOR (Alcon Laboratories Inc) and Acri.LISA (Carl Zeiss Meditec) intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods:

Binocular contrast sensitivity function was measured with the Optec 6500 FACT contrast sensitivity chart at distance and at three lighting conditions (85 cd/m
2
and 3 cd/m
2
with and without glare) in 36 eyes of 18 patients implanted with the AcrySof ReSTOR aspheric SN6AD3 IOL and 40 eyes of 20 patients implanted with the Acri.LISA 366D IOL. Results after implantation were compared between lenses at 1 and 6 months.

Results:
Our results revealed that both IOLs provided good best spectacle-corrected visual acuities at distance and near vision (∼20/20), and no statistically significant differences were noted between models at different time points after surgery. Both IOLs provided contrast sensitivity within the normal range in photopic conditions. Under low lighting conditions, a reduction in contrast sensitivity for both lenses, particularly at higher spatial frequencies, was noted. No significant differences were observed between both IOLs at any lighting condition.

Conclusions:
The AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD3 and Acri.LISA aspheric IOLs provided contrast sensitivity within normal range under photopic conditions and a reduction in contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions, with no significant differences between the two brands.
A Fusion Protein Encoding the Second Extracellular Domain of CCR5 Arrests Chemokine-Induced Cosignaling and Effectively Suppresses Ongoing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Sapir Yair , Vitenshtein Alon , Barsheshet Yiftah , Zohar Yaniv , Wildbaum Gizi , Karin Nathan 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
CCR5 is a key CCR that is highly expressed on CD4+ T cells. It binds three different ligands: CCL3 (MIP-α), CCL4 (MIP-β), and CCL5 (RANTES). Recent studies suggested that the interaction between CCR5 and its ligands is essential not only for attracting these CCR5+ T cells but also substantial for transuding cosignals for their activation. The current study explores, for the first time, the in vivo consequences of CCR5 as a costimulatory molecule. First, we show redundancy between CCR5 ligands not only in chemoattractive properties but also in their ability to induced cosignals via CCR5. This has motivated us to generate a soluble receptor-based fusion protein that would selectively bind and neutralize all three CCR5 ligands. We show in this study that a 30-aa–based CCR5–Ig fusion protein encoding the second extracellular domain of receptor selectively binds and neutralizes all three CCR5 ligands and, when administered during ongoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, rapidly suppressed the disease while arresting Ag-specific effector T cell functions. Finally, our results clearly show that although CCR5 ligands induced cosignaling for IL-2 production is directed by CCR5, other proinflammatory properties of these ligands, such as TNF-α, IL-17, and IFN-γ production, are CCR5 independent and therefore likely to be mediated by the other receptors for these ligands. These findings imply that implementing a CCR5-Ig–based therapy would be advantageous over blockade of this receptor or of the use of mAbs for targeting a single CCR5 ligand.
B‐cell activation influences T‐cell polarization and outcome of anti‐CD20 B‐cell depletion in central nervous system autoimmunity
Authors: Weber Martin S. , Prod'homme Thomas , Patarroyo Juan C. , Molnarfi Nicolas , Karnezis Tara , Lehmann‐Horn Klaus , Danilenko Dimitry M. , Eastham‐Anderson Jeffrey , Slavin Anthony J. , Linington Christopher , Bernard Claude C. A. , Martin Flavius , Zamvil Scott S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveClinical studies indicate that anti‐CD20 B‐cell depletion may be an effective multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy. We investigated mechanisms of anti‐CD20‐mediated immune modulation using 2 paradigms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).MethodsMurine EAE was induced by recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (rMOG), a model in which B cells are considered to contribute pathogenically, or MOG peptide (p)35‐55, which does not require B cells.ResultsIn EAE induced by rMOG, B cells became activated and, when serving as antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), promoted differentiation of proinflammatory MOG‐specific Th1 and Th17 cells. B‐cell depletion prevented or reversed established rMOG‐induced EAE, which was associated with less central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, elimination of meningeal B cells, and reduction of MOG‐specific Th1 and Th17 cells. In contrast, in MOG p35‐55‐induced EAE, B cells did not become activated or efficiently polarize proinflammatory MOG‐specific T cells, similar to naive B cells. In this setting, anti‐CD20 treatment exacerbated EAE, and did not impede development of Th1 or Th17 cells. Irrespective of the EAE model used, B‐cell depletion reduced the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), and increased the proinflammatory polarizing capacity of remaining myeloid APCs.InterpretationOur study highlights distinct roles for B cells in CNS autoimmunity. Clinical benefit from anti‐CD20 treatment may relate to inhibition of proinflammatory B cell APC function. In certain clinical settings, however, elimination of unactivated B cells, which participate in regulation of T cells and other APC, may be undesirable. Differences in immune responses to MOG protein and peptide may be important considerations when choosing an EAE model for testing novel B cell‐targeting agents for MS. ANN NEUROL 2010
Scientific impact at the topic level: A case study in computational linguistics
Authors: Wu Hao , He Jun , Pei Yijian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, we propose to apply the topic model and topic‐level eigenfactor (TEF) algorithm to assess the relative importance of academic entities including articles, authors, journals, and conferences. Scientific impact is measured by the biased PageRank score toward topics created by the latent topic model. The TEF metric considers the impact of an academic entity in multiple granular views as well as in a global view. Experiments on a computational linguistics corpus show that the method is a useful and promising measure to assess scientific impact.
Origin of presacral local recurrence after rectal cancer treatment
Authors: Kusters M , Wallner C , Lange M M , DeRuiter M C , van de Velde C J H , Moriya Y , Rutten H J T 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to obtain detailed anatomical information about the lateral lymph nodes, in order to determine whether they might play a role in presacral local recurrence of rectal cancer after total mesorectal excision without lateral lymph node dissection.

Methods
Ten serially sectioned human fetal pelvises were studied at high magnification and a three-dimensional reconstruction of the fetal pelvis was made.

Results
Examination of the histological sections and the three-dimensional reconstruction showed that lateral lymph node tissue comprises a major proportion of the pelvic tissue volume. There were no lymph nodes located in the presacral area. Connections between the mesorectal and extramesorectal lymph node system were found in all fetal pelvises, located below the peritoneal reflection on the anterolateral side of the fetal rectum. At this site middle rectal vessels passed to and from the mesorectum, and branches of the autonomic nervous system bridge to innervate the rectal wall.

Conclusion
The findings of this study support the hypothesis that tumour recurrence might arise from lateral lymph nodes.
Total parathyroidectomy without autotransplantation for renal hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Coulston J E , Egan R , Willis E , Morgan J D 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Parathyroidectomy is the standard treatment for renal hyperparathyroidism although controversy exists about the optimal surgical procedure. Total parathyroidectomy without either autotransplantation or thymectomy is one suggested approach. This study reviewed the medium- to long-term results of this procedure.

Methods
A retrospective review was undertaken of patients undergoing total parathyroidectomy between August 2000 and March 2009. The procedure was performed by a single surgeon and median follow-up was 31 (range 1–120) months.

Results
Data were obtained on 115 patients with no re-explorations for bleeding or clinical recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries. The rate of postoperative hypocalcaemia on the day after surgery was 15·7 per cent. Thirty-three patients (28·7 per cent) had an undetectable parathyroid hormone level at the end of follow-up. Fourteen patients (12·2 per cent) developed recurrent hyperparathyroidism with a median parathyroid hormone level of 35·4 (range 5·4–200·0) pmol/l. The reoperation rate was 3·5 per cent. Thymectomy tissue, taken if all four glands could not be identified, revealed no parathyroid glands.

Conclusion
Total parathyroidectomy alone has minimal associated morbidity or mortality, and a good medium- to long-term clinical outcome with a low recurrence rate.
Development and validation of a high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of stemoninine in rat plasma after administration of Stemona tuberosa extracts
Authors: Jiang Dengzhao , Yang Xue , Liu Hongbing , Guan Huashi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor the first time, an HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of stemoninine in plasma after oral and intravenous administration of the extract of the roots of Stemona tuberosa to rats. Plasma samples were analyzed on a Waters reversed‐phase C18 column using a gradient mobile‐phase of eluent A (water containing 0.1% formic acid and 0.2% triethylamine, pH 3.68) and eluent B (acetonitrile–water, 50:50, v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detector wavelength was 210 nm. The Waters Oasis solid‐phase extraction cartridge was applied for the preparation of plasma samples with high recovery. A good linear relationship was obtained in the concentration range of 1.55–124 µg/mL (r = 0.9995). The limits of quantification and detection were 1.55 and 0.42 µg/mL, respectively. The average recoveries ranged from 91.11 to 96.43% in plasma at stemoninine concentrations of 3.10, 62.0 and 99.2 µg/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐batch coefficient of variations were 3.27–5.37% and 2.49–3.92%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies after oral and intravenous administration of Stemona tuberosa extract in rats. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a hydrophilic interaction chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for quantification of nicotine and its metabolites in human maternal and cord sera
Authors: Iwasaki Yusuke , Goto Masato , Mochizuki Keisuke , Terayama Emi , Ito Rie , Saito Koichi , Sugino Norihiro , Makino Tsunehisa , Nakazawa Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA selective and sensitive HILIC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of nicotine and its metabolites in human maternal and cord sera was developed and validated. After solid‐phase extraction, LC separation was achieved on a hydrophilic interaction chromatography. The validated method is capable of selective identification as well as accurate and sensitive quantification. Analyte recovery ranged from 86.2 to 107.7% and intra‐ and inter‐day assay precision were less than 15% relative standard deviation. This sensitive HILIC‐MS/MS method can be used to determine nicotine and its metabolic profile in smokers. This validated method is useful for the determination of nicotine and its metabolites in human serum in future studies of the effects of nicotine exposure on neonatal outcome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cadaveric study of auricular lymphatics and implications for sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Clark R.R. , Shaw‐Dunn J. , Soutar D.S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMalignant cutaneous tumors of the auricle are known to have a high rate of spread to the regional lymph nodes, and, for this reason, removal of the lymph nodes, for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, is often required. Recent experience with sentinel node biopsy in cutaneous tumors of the head and neck has questioned the traditional lymphatic pathways and prompted a new study. Lymphatic pathways from the auricle were demonstrated by India ink injection of five auricles in three cadavers followed by block dissection and Spalteholz clearing of en bloc specimens. Lymphatics descend adjacent to the mastoid bone periosteum and lie deep to the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. There are five different locations for sentinel nodes: superficial parotid, anterior mastoid, infra‐auricular parotid, deep to sternocleidomastoid, and lateral mastoid. Two of these nodal locations (anterior and lateral mastoid) may be bypassed by anastomotic pathways. We conclude that, first, echelon lymph nodes lie in five different sites, some bypassed by anastomotic lymphatics. Lymphatics from the ear lie close to the mastoid bone and pass deep to the insertion of sternocleidomastoid where they may be difficult to follow. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous tumors of the auricle is possible, but the presence of skip metastases should be considered. Clin. Anat. 23:792–797, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical differentiation of direct and indirect inguinal hernias: Is it worthwhile in the modern era?
Authors: Sanjay P. , Fulke J.L. , Shaikh I.A. , Woodward A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the clinical accuracy of differentiating direct and indirect inguinal hernias preoperatively by different grades of surgeons. A retrospective audit was conducted over a 9‐year period and comprised all adult inguinal hernia patients operated by one consultant surgeon. The hernias were differentiated into direct and indirect hernias based on the direction of cough impulse and the deep ring occlusion test. The preoperative diagnosis was compared with intraoperative findings. During the study period, 503 patients were examined. Of these, 272 patients were diagnosed as having indirect hernias and 56 patients as having direct hernias. In 175 patients, no attempt was made to differentiate indirect and direct hernias. When compared with intraoperative findings, the diagnosis was correct in 77% of the indirect hernias and 55% of direct hernias. Of the patients in whom no differentiation was attempted, 115 patients had indirect hernias, 56 had direct hernias, and four had both. For indirect hernias, the diagnostic accuracy was 82, 63, and 30% for consultant, registrars, and senior house officers. For direct hernias, the diagnostic accuracy was 66, 50, and 44%, respectively. This study demonstrates relatively poor accuracy in diagnosing direct inguinal hernias regardless of seniority. Clin. Anat. 23:848–850, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical coeliomesenteric anastomosis: The presence of an anomalous fourth coeliac trunk branch
Authors: Manoharan B. , Aland R.C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe presence of more than three coeliac trunk branches is a commonly encountered variant. Literature occasionally describes cases of middle or left colic arteries originating from the celiac trunks or its branches; however, the presence of an anomalous arterial connection between the celiac trunk and both the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries (SMA and IMA, respectively) has yet to be reported. Routine abdominal dissection of a male Caucasian cadaver, revealed the presence of an anomalous fourth arterial branch on the 4‐cm long coeliac trunk. The course of this artery was traced, and it terminated by anastomosing with the marginal artery of the mesenteric circulation. The distal termination point of this anomalous fourth coeliac branch was the marginal artery, 5 cm medial of the splenic flexure, anastomosing almost perpendicularly. The diameter of this anomalous artery was comparable with the left gastric artery at their origins. The artery coursed inferiorlaterally toward the splenic flexure, passing immediately posterior to both the pancreas and the splenic vein. The anastomosis point of this artery, near Griffith's Point, is normally considered a watershed region with dual arterial supply from both the SMA and IMA, allowing collateral circulation. This region has a relatively higher susceptibility to irreversible damage in ischemic diseases because of lower perfusion, thus, the anastomosis of atypical coeliac branches represents a rare case for consideration. Awareness of the possibility of embryological variants will minimize the risk of complications in surgical or clinical procedures, and exploration of rare variants will benefit the understanding of vascular embryology. Clin. Anat., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.