bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the International Consortium of Health Outcomes Measurement CHD standard set in patients undergoing pulmonary valve replacement
Authors: Hummel Kevin , Michelson Ariane , Zmora Rachel , de Ferranti Sarah , Jenkins Kathy , Saleeb Susan F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground:Despite the burden of CHD, a high cost and utilization condition, an implementation of long-term outcome measures is lacking. The objective of this study is to pilot the implementation of the International Consortium of Health Outcomes Measurement CHD standard set in patients undergoing pulmonary valve replacement, a procedure performed in mostly well patients with diverse CHD.Methods:Patients ≥ 8 years old undergoing catheterization-based pulmonary valve replacement were approached via various approaches for patient-reported outcomes, with a follow-up assessment at 3 months post-procedure. Implementation strategy analysis was performed via a hybrid type 2 design.Results:Of the 74 patients undergoing pulmonary valve replacement, 32 completed initial patient-reported outcomes with variable response rates by strategy (email and in-person explanation 100%, email only 54%, and email followed by text/call 64%). Ages ranged 8–67 years (mean 30). Pre-procedurally, 34% had symptomatic arrhythmias, which improved post-procedure. For those in school, 43% missed ≥ 6 days per year, and over half had work absenteeism. Financial concerns were reported in 34%. Patients reported high satisfaction with life (50% [n = 16]) and health-related quality of life (90% [n = 26]). Depression symptoms were reported in 84% (n = 27) and anxiety in 62.5% (n = 18), with tendency towards improvement post-procedurally.Conclusion:Pilot implementation of the International Consortium of Health Outcomes Measurement CHD standard set in pulmonary valve replacement patients reveals a significant burden of disease not previously reported. Barriers to the implementation include a sustainable, automated system for patient-reported outcome collection and infrastructure to assess in real time. This provides an example of implementing cardiac outcomes set in clinical practice.
The importance of enjoyment, sensory properties and perceived cooking abilities in legume and pulse consumption: a questionnaire study
Authors: Appleton Katherine Marie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Legume and pulse consumption is currently recommended for health and sustainability purposes, but barriers to consumption can include low enjoyment and poor sensory properties. This work aimed to investigate the relative importance of a number of barriers and facilitators towards legume, including pulse, consumption with a specific focus on enjoyment, sensory properties and a possible role for perceived cooking abilities in these relationships.

Design:
A cross-sectional questionnaire study assessed legume and pulse consumption, agreement and disagreement with statements relating to enjoyment, sensory properties, cooking abilities, practical aspects, healthiness, upbringing, social influences and quality issues, and four demographic characteristics. Complete responses were gained from 633 respondents with a mix of genders, ages, usual cooking responsibilities and usual eating habits.

Setting:
UK, March 2021 – September 2022.

Participants:
General UK adult population.

Results:
Using multiple regression analyses, enjoyment and cooking abilities were found to be important for both legume and pulse consumption (smallest beta = 0·165, P < 0·01), and the sensory properties of these foods were also important for the consumption of pulses (beta = 0·099, P = 0·04). Perceived cooking abilities also reduced the importance of enjoyment and sensory properties for consumption, mitigated effects due to upbringing and practical aspects and increased the value of perceived health benefits (smallest beta = 0·094, P = 0·04).

Conclusions:
These findings demonstrate a clear role for enjoyment, sensory properties and perceived cooking abilities in legume and pulse consumption and suggest benefits for increasing cooking abilities for improved legume and pulse consumption, as result of both direct and indirect effects.
Sickness absence and associations with sociodemographic factors, health risk behaviours, occupational stressors and adverse mental health in 40,343 UK police employees
Authors: Parkes S. , Irizar P. , Greenberg N. , Wessely S. , Fear N. T. , Hotopf M. , Stevelink S. A. M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Police employees may experience high levels of stress due to the challenging nature of their work which can then lead to sickness absence. To date, there has been limited research on sickness absence in the police. This exploratory analysis investigated sickness absence in UK police employees.

Methods
Secondary data analyses were conducted using data from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study (2006–2015). Past year sickness absence was self-reported and categorised as none, low (1–5 days), moderate (6–19 days) and long-term sickness absence (LTSA, 20 or more days). Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine sickness absence and exploratory associations with sociodemographic factors, occupational stressors, health risk behaviours, and mental health outcomes, controlling for rank, gender and age.

Results
From a sample of 40,343 police staff and police officers, forty-six per cent had no sickness absence within the previous year, 33% had a low amount, 13% a moderate amount and 8% were on LTSA. The groups that were more likely to take sick leave were women, non-uniformed police staff, divorced or separated, smokers and those with three or more general practitioner consultations in the past year, poorer mental health, low job satisfaction and high job strain.

Conclusions
The study highlights the groups of police employees who may be more likely to take sick leave and is unique in its use of a large cohort of police employees. The findings emphasise the importance of considering possible modifiable factors that may contribute to sickness absence in UK police forces.
Small and simple: next-generation miniaturized diffraction-based spectrometer with computational reconstruction algorithms
Authors: Suta Markus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn ultra-simple and miniaturized spectrometer using an arbitrarily shaped pinhole as diffraction element reconstructs a broadband spectrum from the information of diffraction of monochromatic radiation by clever computational reconstruction algorithms. This circumvents complex calibration procedures and paves the way to cost-effective on-chip spectrometers combining fast acquisition without significant loss in spectral resolution.
Intoxication due to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol is characterized by disrupted prefrontal cortex activity
Authors: Karunakaran Keerthana Deepti , Pascale Michael , Ozana Nisan , Potter Kevin , Pachas Gladys N. , Evins A. Eden , Gilman Jodi M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeural states of impairment from intoxicating substances, including cannabis, are poorly understood. Cannabinoid 1 receptors, the main target of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary intoxicating cannabinoid in cannabis, are densely localized within prefrontal cortex; therefore, prefrontal brain regions are key locations to examine brain changes that characterize acute intoxication. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study in adults, aged 18–55 years, who use cannabis regularly, to determine the effects of acute intoxication on prefrontal cortex resting-state measures, assessed with portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Participants received oral THC (10–80 mg, individually dosed to overcome tolerance and achieve acute intoxication) and identical placebo, randomized for order; 185 adults were randomized and 128 completed both study days and had usable data. THC was associated with expected increases in subjective intoxication ratings (ES = 35.30, p < 0.001) and heart rate (ES = 11.15, p = 0.001). THC was associated with decreased correlations and anticorrelations in static resting-state functional connectivity within the prefrontal cortex relative to placebo, with weakest correlations and anticorrelations among those who reported greater severity of intoxication (RSFC between medial PFC-ventromedial PFC and DEQ scores, r = 0.32, p < 0.001; RSFC between bilateral mPFC and DEQ scores, r = –0.28, p = 0.001). Relative to placebo, THC was associated with increased variability (or reduced stability) in dynamic resting-state functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex at p = 0.001, consistent across a range of window sizes. Finally, using frequency power spectrum analyses, we observed that relative to placebo, THC was associated with widespread reduced spectral power within the prefrontal cortex across the 0.073–0.1 Hz frequency range at p < 0.039. These neural features suggest a disruptive influence of THC on the neural dynamics of the prefrontal cortex and may underlie cognitive impairing effects of THC that are detectable with portable imaging. This study is registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03655717).
Faster bi-stable visual switching in psychosis
Authors: Killebrew Kyle W. , Moser Hannah R. , Grant Andrea N. , Marjańska Małgorzata , Sponheim Scott R. , Schallmo Michael-Paul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBi-stable stimuli evoke two distinct perceptual interpretations that alternate and compete for dominance. Bi-stable perception is thought to be driven at least in part by mutual suppression between distinct neural populations that represent each percept. Abnormal visual perception has been observed among people with psychotic psychopathology (PwPP), and there is evidence to suggest that these visual deficits may depend on impaired neural suppression in the visual cortex. However, it is not yet clear whether bi-stable visual perception is abnormal among PwPP. Here, we examined bi-stable perception in a visual structure-from-motion task using a rotating cylinder illusion in a group of 65 PwPP, 44 first-degree biological relatives, and 43 healthy controls. Data from a ‘real switch’ task, in which physical depth cues signaled real switches in rotation direction were used to exclude individuals who did not show adequate task performance. In addition, we measured concentrations of neurochemicals, including glutamate, glutamine, and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), involved in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. These neurochemicals were measured non-invasively in the visual cortex using 7 tesla MR spectroscopy. We found that PwPP and their relatives showed faster bi-stable switch rates than healthy controls. Faster switch rates also correlated with significantly higher psychiatric symptom levels, specifically disorganization, across all participants. However, we did not observe any significant relationships across individuals between neurochemical concentrations and SFM switch rates. Our results are consistent with a reduction in suppressive neural processes during structure-from-motion perception in PwPP, and suggest that genetic liability for psychosis is associated with disrupted bi-stable perception.
One pot conversion of phenols and anilines to aldehydes and ketones exploiting α gem boryl carbanions
Authors: Das Kanak Kanti , Aich Debasis , Dey Sutapa , Panda Santanu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFunctional group interconversion is an important asset in organic synthesis. Phenols/anilines being naturally abundant and the carbonyl being the most common in a wide range of bioactive molecules, an efficient conversion is of prime interest. The reported methods require transition metal catalyzed cross coupling which limits its applicability. Here we have described a method for synthesizing various aldehydes and ketones, starting from phenol and protected anilines via Csp2-O/N bond cleavage in a one-pot/stepwise manner. Our synthetic method is found to be compatible with a diverse range of phenols and anilines carrying sensitive functional groups including halides, esters, ketal, hydroxyl, alkenes, and terminal alkynes as well as the substitution on the aryl cores. A short-step synthesis of bioactive molecules and their functionalization have been executed. Starting from BINOL, a photocatalyst has been designed. Here, we have developed a transition metal-free protocol for the conversion of phenols and anilines to aldehydes and ketones.
Miniature computational spectrometer with a plasmonic nanoparticles-in-cavity microfilter array
Authors: Zhang Yangxi , Zhang Sheng , Wu Hao , Wang Jinhui , Lin Guang , Zhang A. Ping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOptical spectrometers are essential tools for analysing light‒matter interactions, but conventional spectrometers can be complicated and bulky. Recently, efforts have been made to develop miniaturized spectrometers. However, it is challenging to overcome the trade-off between miniaturizing size and retaining performance. Here, we present a complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor-based miniature computational spectrometer using a plasmonic nanoparticles-in-cavity microfilter array. Size-controlled silver nanoparticles are directly printed into cavity-length-varying Fabry‒Pérot microcavities, which leverage strong coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance of the silver nanoparticles and the Fabry‒Pérot microcavity to regulate the transmission spectra and realize large-scale arrayed spectrum-disparate microfilters. Supported by a machine learning-based training process, the miniature computational spectrometer uses artificial intelligence and was demonstrated to measure visible-light spectra at subnanometre resolution. The high scalability of the technological approaches shown here may facilitate the development of high-performance miniature optical spectrometers for extensive applications.
Metabolic phenotyping reveals an emerging role of ammonia abnormality in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Tianlu , Pan Fengfeng , Huang Qi , Xie Guoxiang , Chao Xiaowen , Wu Lirong , Wang Jie , Cui Liang , Sun Tao , Li Mengci , Wang Ying , Guan Yihui , Zheng Xiaojiao , Ren Zhenxing , Guo Yuhuai , Wang Lu , Zhou Kejun , Zhao Aihua , Guo Qihao , Xie Fang , Jia Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe metabolic implications in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a metabolomics study on a moderately aging Chinese Han cohort (n = 1397; mean age 66 years). Conjugated bile acids, branch-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and glutamate-related features exhibited strong correlations with cognitive impairment, clinical stage, and brain amyloid-β deposition (n = 421). These features demonstrated synergistic performances across clinical stages and subpopulations and enhanced the differentiation of AD stages beyond demographics and Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE-ε4). We validated their performances in eight data sets (total n = 7685) obtained from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP). Importantly, identified features are linked to blood ammonia homeostasis. We further confirmed the elevated ammonia level through AD development (n = 1060). Our findings highlight AD as a metabolic disease and emphasize the metabolite-mediated ammonia disturbance in AD and its potential as a signature and therapeutic target for AD.
Longitudinal molecular profiling elucidates immunometabolism dynamics in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Kang , Zerdes Ioannis , Johansson Henrik J. , Sarhan Dhifaf , Sun Yizhe , Kanellis Dimitris C. , Sifakis Emmanouil G. , Mezheyeuski Artur , Liu Xingrong , Loman Niklas , Hedenfalk Ingrid , Bergh Jonas , Bartek Jiri , Hatschek Thomas , Lehtiö Janne , Matikas Alexios , Foukakis Theodoros 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough metabolic reprogramming within tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) is well described in breast cancer, little is known about how the interplay of immune state and cancer metabolism evolves during treatment. Here, we characterize the immunometabolic profiles of tumor tissue samples longitudinally collected from individuals with breast cancer before, during and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using proteomics, genomics and histopathology. We show that the pre-, on-treatment and dynamic changes of the immune state, tumor metabolic proteins and tumor cell gene expression profiling-based metabolic phenotype are associated with treatment response. Single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing revealed distinct tumor and immune cell states in metabolism between cold and hot tumors. Potential drivers of NAC based on above analyses were validated in vitro. In summary, the study shows that the interaction of tumor-intrinsic metabolic states and TME is associated with treatment outcome, supporting the concept of targeting tumor metabolism for immunoregulation.
Sleep fragmentation exacerbates myocardial ischemia‒reperfusion injury by promoting copper overload in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Chen Na , Guo Lizhe , Wang Lu , Dai Sisi , Zhu Xiaocheng , Wang E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSleep disorders increase the risk and mortality of heart disease, but the brain-heart interaction has not yet been fully elucidated. Cuproptosis is a copper-dependent type of cell death activated by the excessive accumulation of intracellular copper. Here, we showed that 16 weeks of sleep fragmentation (SF) resulted in elevated copper levels in the male mouse heart and exacerbated myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury with increased myocardial cuproptosis and apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that SF promotes sympathetic overactivity, increases the germination of myocardial sympathetic nerve terminals, and increases the level of norepinephrine in cardiac tissue, thereby inhibits VPS35 expression and leads to impaired ATP7A related copper transport and copper overload in cardiomyocytes. Copper overload further leads to exacerbated cuproptosis and apoptosis, and these effects can be rescued by excision of the sympathetic nerve or administration of copper chelating agent. Our study elucidates one of the molecular mechanisms by which sleep disorders aggravate myocardial injury and suggests possible targets for intervention.
On non-von Neumann flexible neuromorphic vision sensors
Authors: Wang Hao , Sun Bin , Ge Shuzhi Sam , Su Jie , Jin Ming Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe structure and mechanism of the human visual system contain rich treasures, and surprising effects can be achieved by simulating the human visual system. In this article, starting from the human visual system, we compare and discuss the discrepancies between the human visual system and traditional machine vision systems. Given the wide variety and large volume of visual information, the use of non-von Neumann structured, flexible neuromorphic vision sensors can effectively compensate for the limitations of traditional machine vision systems based on the von Neumann architecture. Firstly, this article addresses the emulation of retinal functionality and provides an overview of the principles and circuit implementation methods of non-von Neumann computing architectures. Secondly, in terms of mimicking the retinal surface structure, this article introduces the fabrication approach for flexible sensor arrays. Finally, this article analyzes the challenges currently faced by non-von Neumann flexible neuromorphic vision sensors and offers a perspective on their future development.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors for right-sided infective endocarditis in Korea: a 12-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Yongseop , Kim Jung Ho , Lee Jung Ah , Ahn Sang Min , Han Min , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon-Sup , Lee Seung Hyun , Ku Nam Su 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRight-sided infective endocarditis (RSIE) is less common than left-sided infective endocarditis (LSIE) and exhibits distinct epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics. Previous studies have focused primarily on RSIE in patients with intravenous drug use. We investigated the characteristics and risk factors for RSIE in an area where intravenous drug use is uncommon. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis between November 2005 and August 2017 were categorized into LSIE and RSIE groups. Of the 406 patients, 365 (89.9%) had LSIE and 41 (10.1%) had RSIE. The mortality rates were 31.7% in the RSIE group and 31.5% in the LSIE group (P = 0.860). Patients with RSIE had a higher prevalence of infection with Staphylococcus aureus (29.3% vs. 13.7%, P = 0.016), coagulase-negative staphylococci (17.1% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.022), and gram-negative bacilli other than HACEK (12.2% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.003). Younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–0.99, P = 0.006), implanted cardiac devices (aOR 37.75, 95% CI 11.63–141.64, P ≤ 0.001), and central venous catheterization (aOR 4.25, 95% CI 1.14–15.55, P = 0.029) were independent risk factors for RSIE. Treatment strategies that consider the epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of RSIE are warranted.
Long-term efficacy of Waveflex semi-rigid-dynamic-internal-fixation system in delaying intervertebral disc degeneration at adjacent segments and improving spinal sagittal imbalance
Authors: Gao Wenxin , Wang Xiaoying , Chen Yungang , Liu Guoyan , Hou Pengfei , Guo Cunliang , Yang Xu , Hao Yanke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Waveflex semi-rigid-dynamic-internal-fixation system shows good short-term effects in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases, but there are few long-term follow-up studies, especially for recovery of sagittal balance. Fifty patients with lumbar degenerative diseases treated from January 2016 to October 2017 were retrospectively analysed: 25 patients treated with Waveflex semi-rigid-dynamic-internal-fixation system (Waveflex group) and 25 patients treated with double-segment PLIF (PLIF group). Clinical efficacy was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Imaging data before surgery and at 3 months, 1 year, and 5 years postoperatively was used for imaging indicator assessment. Local disc degeneration of the cephalic adjacent segment (including disc height index (DHI), intervertebral foramen height (IFH), and range of motion (ROM)) and overall spinal motor function (including lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), and |PI-LL|) were analysed. Regarding clinical efficacy, comparison of VAS and ODI scores between the Waveflex and PLIF groups showed no significant preoperative or postoperative differences. The comparison of the objective imaging indicators showed no significant differences in the DHI, IFH, LL, |PI-LL|, and SS values between the Waveflex and PLIF groups preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively (P > 0.05). These values were significantly different at 1 and 5 years postoperatively (P < 0.05), and the Waveflex group showed better ROM values than those of the PLIF group (P < 0.05). PI values were not significantly different between the groups, but PT showed a significant improvement in the Waveflex group 5 years postoperatively (P < 0.05). The Waveflex semi-rigid dynamic fixation system can effectively reduce the probability of intervertebral disc degeneration in upper adjacent segments. Simultaneously, patients in the Waveflex group showed postoperative improvements in LL, spinal sagittal imbalance, and quality of life.