bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interconnected cortical networks between primary somatosensory cortex septal columns and posterior parietal cortex in rat
Authors: Lee Taehee , Alloway Kevin D. , Kim Uhnoh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVisual and somesthetic cues are used for spatial processing in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of the mammalian brain. In rats, somatic information collected by the mystacial whiskers is critically involved in constructing a neural representation of the external space. Here, we delineated the topography of the cortical pathway from the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that may deliver vibrissal cues to PPC for spatial processing. For anterograde tracing, we made small injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into SI barrel cortex. The injections in the regions directly above the septal compartments produced dense terminals in PPC, whereas injections above the center of the barrels resulted in sparse terminals. For retrograde tracing, we made large injections of cholera toxin subunit B (CtB) in PPC. Retrogradely labeled neurons within SI barrel cortex formed multiple, parallel strips. In layer IV, these strips of labeled neurons were confined within the septal rows, extending from barrel arc position 0 to 5. In the extragranular layers, labeled neurons were clustered primarily within the vertical extensions of the septal rows and extended to the edges of neighboring barrel columns. Based on these findings, in which SI projections to PPC arise mainly from the septal columns, we hypothesize that septal columns may form interconnected cortical networks that engage in spatial information processing contingent on somestheic cues. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:405–419, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurons with cholinergic phenotype in the visual system of Drosophila
Authors: Varija Raghu Shamprasad , Reiff Dierk F. , Borst Alexander 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe optic lobe of Drosophila houses about 60,000 neurons that are organized in parallel, retinotopically arranged columns. Based on the Golgi‐staining method, Fischbach and Dittrich ([1989] Cell Tissue Res 258:441–475) determined that each column contains about 90 identified cells. Each of these cells is supposed to release one or two different neurotransmitters. However, for most cells the released neurotransmitter is not known. Here we characterize the vast majority of the neurons in the Drosophila optic lobe that release acetylcholine (Ach), the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the insect central nervous system. We employed a promoter specific for cholinergic neurons and restricted its activity to single or a few cells using the MARCM technique. This approach allowed us to establish an anatomical map of neurons with a cholinergic phenotype based on their branching pattern. We identified 43 different types of neurons with a cholinergic phenotype. Thirty‐one of them match previously described members of nine different subgroups: Transmedullary (Tm), Transmedullary Y (TmY), Medulla intrinsic (Mi, Mt, and Pm), Bushy T (T), Translobula Plate (Tlp), and Lobula intrinsic (Lcn and Lt) neurons (Fischbach and Dittrich [1989]). Intriguingly, 12 newly identified cell types suggest that previous Golgi studies were not saturating and that the actual number of different neurons per column is higher than previously thought. This study and similar ones on other neurotransmitter systems will contribute towards a columnar wiring diagram and foster the functional dissection of the visual circuitry in Drosophila. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:162‐176, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comment on the paper “Contribution to the stability analysis of the dewetted Bridgman growth under microgravity conditions”
Authors: Duffar T. , Epure S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNew considerations of the stability problem of dewetting, as addressed in the initial paper [Cryst. Res. Technol. 39, 491 (2004)], show that, in the most general case, when dewetting occurs in microgravity it is necessarily stable. This explains why the phenomenon has been observed so many times during solidification of semiconductors in space. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
One‐Pot Two‐Step Oxidative Cleavage of 1,2‐Arylalkenes to Aryl Ketones Instead of Arylaldehydes in an Aqueous Medium: A Complementary Approach to Ozonolysis
Authors: Sharma Naina , Sharma Abhishek , Kumar Rakesh , Shard Amit , Sinha Arun K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new approach has been developed for a one‐pot and selective oxidative cleavage of aryl‐ and 1,2‐diarylalkenes leading to one‐carbon shorter aryl ketones; thereby, providing a complementary approach to classical ozonolysis. The methodology was applicable to diverse aromatic and polyaromaticarylalkenes bearing electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring. The protocol also provided a useful one‐pot oxidative cleavage–condensation sequence, which could potentially have important applications in natural product total synthesis.
Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for Glucose Based on Graphene/Nafion/GOD Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Ye Huazhen , Wang Wanzong , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu , Chen Guonan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGlucose oxidase(GOD) was encapsulated in the Graphene/Nafion film modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE) and used as an ECL sensor for glucose. The GOD retains its bioactivity after being immobilized into the composite film. The sensor gives a linear response for glucose in the range of 2.0×10−6–1.0×10−4 mol/L with a detection limit of 1.0×10−6 mol/L. The sensor showed good stability, the RSD for continuous scanning for 5.0×10−5 mol/L glucose was 4.21 % (n=5). After being stored in 0.05 mol/L pH 7.4 PBS in 4 °C for two weeks, the modified electrode maintains 80 % of its initial activity. The glucose sensor provides new opportunity for clinical diagnosis applications.
Graphene Nanosheets Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as a Highly Sensitive and Selective Voltammetric Sensor for Rutin
Authors: Du Haijun , Ye Jianshan , Zhang Jiaqi , Huang Xiaodan , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGraphene nanosheets modified glassy carbon electrode (GNs/GCE) was fabricated as voltammetric sensor for rutin with good sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility. The sensor exhibits an adsorption‐controlled, reversible two‐proton and two electron transfer reaction for the oxidation of rutin with a peak‐to‐peak separation (ΔEp) of 26 mV as revealed by cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, the redox peak current increased about 14 times than that on bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The linear response of the sensor is from 1×10−7 to 1×10−5 M with a detection limit of 2.1 × 10−8 M (S/N = 3). The method was successfully applied to determine rutin in tablets with satisfied recovery.
Effect of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide on Electrochemical Determination of Dexamethasone
Authors: Goyal Rajendra N. , Chatterjee Sanghamitra , Rana Anoop Raj Singh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effect of surfactants on the electrochemical determination of dexamethasone at an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE), modified with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) has been investigated. The unique electrocatalytic properties of SWNT along with the synergistic adsorption of CTAB on SWNT lead to sensitive voltammetric response of dexamethasone with the reduction peak at ca. −1195 mV. The limit of detection and sensitivity of dexamethasone is estimated to be 9.1×10−10 M and 0.727 µA µM−1 respectively. The SWNT coated EPPGE had good stability and reproducibility. The analytical utility of the developed method was evaluated by applying it for sensing the drug in human body fluids and for the determination of dexamethasone content in several commercially available pharmaceutical preparations. A comparison of the observed results of proposed method with HPLC clearly indicates that the results of both the methods are in good agreement. The product obtained after the reduction of dexamethasone has also been characterized using 1H NMR and carbonyl group at position 3 has been found to reduce. The method is instant, simple and accurate and can be easily applied for detecting cases of doping.
Hot Electron Induced Cathodic Electrochemiluminescence at Disposable Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Wu Ai‐Hong , Sun Jian‐Jun , Fang Yi‐Min , Zheng Rui‐Juan , Chen Guo‐Nan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHot electron induced cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was observed at screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) during pulse polarization. The thin insulating film resulted from the printing inks was found to be suitable for generating hot electrons, which can further be converted to hydrated electrons and induce the subsequent luminescence. Compared with disposable Al/Al2O3 electrode, SPCEs show more stable and reproducible ECL in a wider pH range without background emission. A sensitive ECL method for determination of quercetin is proposed. The detection limit is 8.0×10−10 mol L−1(S/N=3), which is two magnitudes lower than that of common ECL method.
Sensitive Determination of the Diquat Herbicide in Fresh Food Samples on a Highly Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Melo Luisa Célia , De Souza Djenaine , de Lima‐Neto Pedro , Correia Adriana Nunes 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe highly boron‐doped diamond electrode (HBDD) combined with square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used in the development of an analytical procedure for diquat determination in potato and sugar cane samples and lemon, orange, tangerine and pineapple juices. Preliminary experiments realised in a medium of 0.05 mol L−1 Na2B4O7 showed the presence of two voltammetric peaks around −0.6 V and around −1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl/Cl− 3.0 mol L−1, where the first peak could be successfully used for analytical proposes due the facility in the electrode surface renovation. After the experimental and voltammetric optimisation, the calculated detection and quantification limits were 1.6×10−10 mol L−1 and 5.3×10−10 mol L−1 (0.057 µg L−1 and 0.192 µg L−1, respectively), which are lower than the maximum residue limit established for fresh food samples by the Brazilian Sanitary Vigilance Agency. The proposed methodology was used to determine diquat residues in potato and sugar cane samples and lemon, orange, tangerine and pineapple juices and the calculated recovery efficiencies indicated that the proposed procedure presents higher robustness, stability and sensitivity, good reproducibility, and is very adequate for diquat determination in complex samples.
Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by fungal biomass
Authors: Ahluwalia Sarabjeet Singh , Goyal Dinesh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChromium compounds are released by industrial processes including leather production, mining, petroleum refining, in textile industry and dyeing. They are a significant threat to the environment and public health because of their toxicity. Removal of hexavalent chromium by living biomass of different fungi was effective in the order of Aspergillus terricola>Aspergillus niger>Acremonium strictum>Aureobasidium pullulans>Paecilomyces variotii>Aspergillus foetidus>Cladosporium resinae>Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Non‐living dried fungal biomass showed higher potential for metal removal than living cells. Among all fungi dead biomass of P. chrysosporium, C. resinae and P. variotii had the maximum specific chromium uptake capacity, which was 11.02, 10.69 and 10.35 mg/g of dry biomass respectively at pH 4.0–5.0 in batch sorption. Removal of Cr(VI) by P. chrysosporium from multi‐metallic synthetic solution as well as chrome effluent was significant by bringing down the residual concentration to 0.1 mg/L in the effluent, which falls within the permissible range and its removal was not affected by the presence of other metal ions such as Fe, Zn and Ni. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis revealed the presence of carboxylate (C=O) and amine (−NH, −NH) functional groups commonly present on the cell surface of all fungi, with possible involvement in chromium binding. The result indicates that non‐living fungal biomass either obtained as a by‐product of fermentation industry or mass produced using inexpensive culture media can be used for bioremediation of Cr(VI) from chrome effluent on large scale.
Determining the minimum clinically important differences for outcomes in the DOMINO trial
Authors: Howard Robert , Phillips Patrick , Johnson Tony , O'Brien John , Sheehan Bart , Lindesay James , Bentham Peter , Burns Alistair , Ballard Clive , Holmes Clive , McKeith Ian , Barber Robert , Dening Tom , Ritchie Craig , Jones Rob , Baldwin Ashley , Passmore Peter , Findlay David , Hughes Alan , Macharouthu Ajay , Banerjee Sube , Jones Roy , Knapp Martin , Brown Richard G. , Jacoby Robin , Adams Jessica , Griffin Mary , Gray Richard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundAlthough less likely to be reported in clinical trials than expressions of the statistical significance of differences in outcomes, whether or not a treatment has delivered a specified minimum clinically important difference (MCID) is also relevant to patients and their caregivers and doctors. Many dementia treatment randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have not reported MCIDs and, where they have been done, observed differences have not reached these.MethodsAs part of the development of the Statistical Analysis Plan for the DOMINO trial, investigators met to consider expert opinion‐ and distribution‐based values for the MCID and triangulated these to provide appropriate values for three outcome measures, the Standardised Mini‐mental State Examination (sMMSE), Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale (BADLS) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Only standard deviations (SD) were presented to investigators who remained blind to treatment allocation.ResultsAdoption of values for MCIDs based upon 0.4 of the SD of the change in score from baseline on the sMMSE, BADLS and NPI in the first 127 participants to complete DOMINO yielded MCIDs of 1.4 points for sMMSE, 3.5 for BADLS and 8.0 for NPI.ConclusionsReference to MCIDs is important for the full interpretation of the results of dementia trials and those conducting such trials should be open about the way in which they have determined and chosen their values for the MCIDs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship of neuropsychological function to instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Reppermund Simone , Sachdev Perminder S. , Crawford John , Kochan Nicole A. , Slavin Melissa J. , Kang Kristan , Trollor Julian N. , Draper Brian , Brodaty Henry 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveWhile activities of daily living are by definition preserved in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there is evidence of poorer instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) functioning in MCI compared to normal ageing. The aims of the present study were to examine differences in IADL between individuals with MCI and cognitively normal elderly, and to examine the relationships of IADL with cognitive functions.MethodsThe sample of 762 community‐living participants aged 70–90 were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and with the informant‐completed Bayer‐Activities of Daily Living Scale (B‐ADL).ResultsCompared to cognitively normal individuals, the MCI group was rated as having more difficulties on the B‐ADL and performed worse on cognitive tests. Factor analysis of the B‐ADL items yielded two factors, which were labelled ‘high cognitive demand’ (HCD) and ‘low cognitive demand’ (LCD). Individuals with MCI scored worse than cognitively normal participants on the HCD factor but similarly on the LCD factor. Men were rated as having more difficulties on the HCD, but not the LCD, factor compared to women. The HCD factor score correlated significantly with all five cognitive domains measured, but the LCD factor correlated significantly only with attention/processing speed and to a lesser extent with executive function.ConclusionsHaving more difficulties in IADL, especially those with higher demand on cognitive capacities, was found to be associated with MCI and overall cognitive functioning. This has implications for the definition of MCI, as lack of functional impairment is generally used as a criterion for diagnosis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of radio‐frequency identification projects in public sectors of Korea
Authors: Chung Ki Yeon , Chang Yoon Seok , Vanharanta Hannu , Kantola Jussi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecently there has been increasing radio‐frequency identification (RFID) implementation in public sectors of the Republic of Korea. In many cases, however, the evaluations of projects have been measured by hardware vendors or system integrators who were involved in the project, and in many cases the projects have been evaluated as a success. Also, in many cases in Korea, the success of projects has been evaluated by operation performance such as accuracy in inventory, reduction of the bullwhip effect, and reduction of inventory. This article presents a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach for evaluating RFID projects with a view different from the operational view. For relatively objective views of the evaluation, we have considered four different groups that were related to the RFID projects. We present the results of analysis from two pilot RFID projects in Korea. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recognition memory: Material, processes, and substrates
Authors: Brown Malcolm W. , Warburton E. Clea , Aggleton John P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe proposal that a system centering on the perirhinal cortex is responsible for familiarity discrimination, particularly for single items, whereas a system centering on the hippocampus is responsible for recollective and more complex associational aspects of recognition memory is reviewed in the light of recent findings. In particular, the proposal is reviewed in relation to recent animal work with rats and results from human clinical studies. Notably, progress has been made in determining potential neural memory substrate mechanisms within the perirhinal cortex in rats. Recent findings have emphasized the importance of specifying the type of material, the type of test, and the strategy used by subjects to solve recognition memory tests if substrates are to be accurately inferred. It is to be expected that the default condition is that both the hippocampal and perirhinal systems will contribute to recognition memory performance. Indeed, rat lesion experiments provide examples of where cooperation between both systems is essential. Nevertheless, there remain examples of the independent operation of the hippocampal and perirhinal systems. Overall, it is concluded that most, though not all, of the recent findings are in support of the proposal. However, there is also evidence that the systems involved in recognition memory need to include structures outside the medial temporal lobe: there are significant but as yet only partially defined roles for the prefrontal cortex and sensory association cortices in recognition memory processes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic loss and retention of different classic cadherins with LTP‐associated synaptic structural remodeling in vivo
Authors: Huntley George W. , Elste Alice M. , Patil Shekhar B. , Bozdagi Ozlem , Benson Deanna L. , Steward Oswald 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCadherins are synaptic cell adhesion molecules that contribute to persistently enhanced synaptic strength characteristic of long‐term potentiation (LTP). What is relatively unexplored is how synaptic activity of the kind that induces LTP‐associated remodeling of synapse structure affects localization of cadherins, particularly in mature animals in vivo, details which could offer insight into how different cadherins contribute to synaptic plasticity. Here, we use a well‐described in vivo LTP induction protocol that produces robust synaptic morphological remodeling in dentate gyrus of adult rats in combination with confocal and immunogold electron microscopy to localize cadherin‐8 and N‐cadherin at remodeled synapses. We find that the density and size of cadherin‐8 puncta are significantly diminished in the potentiated middle molecular layer (MML) while concurrently, N‐cadherin remains tightly clustered at remodeled synapses. These changes are specific to the potentiated MML, and occur without any change in density or size of synaptophysin puncta. Thus, the loss of cadherin‐8 probably represents selective removal from synapses rather than overall loss of synaptic junctions. Together, these findings suggest that activity‐regulated loss and retention of different synaptic cadherins could contribute to dual demands of both flexibility and stability in synapse structure that may be important for synaptic morphological remodeling that accompanies long‐lasting plasticity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc.
Amygdala gene expression of NMDA and GABAA receptors in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: de Moura José Carlos , Tirapelli Daniela P.C. , Neder Luciano , Saggioro Fabiano P. , Sakamoto Americo Ceiki , Velasco Tonicarlo R. , Panepucci Rodrigo A. , Leite João Pereira , Assirati João Alberto , Colli Benedicto Oscar , Carlotti Carlos Gilberto 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of partial epilepsy and affects 40% of the patients. Seizures arising from the mesial temporal lobe structures (i.e., amygdala and hippocampus) are common, whereas neocortical seizures are rare. In recent years, many studies aimed to identify the pattern of gene expression of neurotransmitters involved in molecular mechanisms of epilepsy. We used real‐time PCR to quantify the expression of GABAA (subunits α1, β1, β2) and NMDA (subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) receptor genes in amygdalae of 27 patients with TLE and 14 amygdalae from autopsy controls. The NR1 subunit was increased in patients with epilepsy when compared with controls. No differences were found in expression of NMDA subunits NR2A and NR2B or in α1, β1, and β2 subunits of GABAA receptors. Our results suggest that the NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors is involved in the amygdala hyperexcitability in some of the patients with TLE. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc.
Put Them Out to Pasture? What Are Old Granule Cells Good for, Anyway…?
Authors: Aimone James B. , Deng Wei , Gage Fred H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this issue, Alme and colleagues propose a novel hypothesis that young adult‐born neurons represent the functional population of the dentate gyrus, and that old granule cells “retire” from relevance. Here, we present several implications of this interesting theory for the function of both neurogenesis and the dentate gyrus. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Dihydroagarofuranoid Sesquiterpenes from Celastrus paniculatus
Authors: Weng Jing‐Ru , Yen Ming‐Hong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe six new dihydro‐β‐agarofuranoid sesquiterpenes 1–6 and three known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Celastrus paniculatus. The structures including relative configurations were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1–6 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of three human‐tumor cell lines.