bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and socioeconomic disparities in survival among patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Uprety Dipesh , Seaton Randell , Hadid Tarik , Mamdani Hirva , Sukari Ammar , Ruterbusch Julie J , Schwartz Ann G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have profoundly impacted survival among patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer. However, population-based studies evaluating this impact on survival by race and socioeconomic factors are lacking.

Methods
We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program–Medicare database to identify patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer diagnosed between 2015 and 2019. The primary study outcomes were the receipt of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and overall survival. χ2 tests and logistic regression were used to identify demographic factors associated with receipt of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate 2-year overall survival rates, and log-rank tests were used to compare survival by race and ethnicity.

Results
Of 17 134 patients, approximately 39% received an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Those diagnosed with cancer recently (in 2019); who are relatively younger (aged younger than 85 years); non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Asian, or Hispanic; living in high socioeconomic status or metropolitan areas; not Medicaid eligible; and with adenocarcinoma histology were more likely to receive immune checkpoint inhibitors. The 2-year overall survival rate from diagnosis was 21% for the overall population. The 2-year overall survival rate from immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation was 30%, among those who received at least 1 cycle and 11% among those who did not receive immune checkpoint inhibitors. The 2-year overall survival rates were higher among non-Hispanic White (22%) and non-Hispanic Asian (23%) patients compared with non-Hispanic Black (15%) and Hispanic (17%) patients. There was no statistically significant racial differences in survival for those who received immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Conclusion
Immune checkpoint inhibitor utilization rates and the resulting outcomes were inferior for certain vulnerable groups, mandating the need for strategies to improve access to care.
Trends in financial payments from industry to US cancer centers, 2014-2021
Authors: Chakraborty Nirjhar , Brown Meredith , Persaud Sonia , Gallagher Grace , Trivedi Niti U , Bach Peter B , Mitchell Aaron P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Industry payments to US cancer centers are poorly understood.

Methods
US National Cancer Institute (NCI)–designated comprehensive cancer centers were identified (n = 51). Industry payments to NCI–designated comprehensive cancer centers from 2014 to 2021 were obtained from Open Payments and National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant funding from NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORT). Given our focus on cancer centers, we measured the subset of industry payments related to cancer drugs specifically and the subset of NIH funding from the NCI.

Results
Despite a pandemic-related decline in 2020-2021, cancer-related industry payments to NCI–designated comprehensive cancer centers increased from $482 million in 2014 to $972 million in 2021. Over the same period, NCI research grant funding increased from $2 481  million to $2 724  million. The large majority of nonresearch payments were royalties and licensing payments.

Conclusion
Industry payments to NCI–designated comprehensive cancer centers increased substantially more than NCI funding in recent years but were also more variable. These trends raise concerns regarding the influence and instability of industry payments.
Multiple cutaneous granular cell tumors involving the shoulder and foot in a child; a rare case report
Authors: Amir Baraa , Amir Amaar , Sheikh Salwa , Aljahdali Akram 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Granular cell tumors are rare soft tissue neoplasms derived from Schwann cells and are characterized by their infiltrative, non-encapsulated nests and sheets of polygonal cells with fine eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules on histology. Herin, we report a case of a 10-year-old Saudi female who presented to the hospital with multiple asymptomatic skin lesions, the largest located on the right shoulder and left foot. Preoperative workup revealed the absence of liver metastasis, and the patient underwent complete surgical excision successfully. Histopathology revealed ill-defined proliferation of large bland cells with prominent eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and mild epithelial hyperplasia consistent with granular cell tumors. Granular cell tumors are a rare entity that represent only 0.5% of all soft tissue tumors. They have characteristic histological features and can present with both malignant and being features. Due to the rarity of this disease, further research is needed to enhance our understanding and improve recognition in future practice.
Primary Ewing sarcoma of the kidney: a rare entity with diagnostic challenges
Authors: El Mohtarim Rihane , Yassine Aaboudech Taha , Sassi Samia , Rguieg Naji , Cherraqi Amine , Dokal Ibrahima Diallo , El Haddad Siham , Allali Nazik , Chat Latifa , Hessissen Laila , Kisra Mounir , Rouas Lamiaa , Lamalmi Najat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a very rare tumour with aggressive behaviour and a poor prognosis. It tends to metastasize rapidly. Renal Ewing sarcoma is extremely rare, and only 48 cases have been reported in the literature. Herein, we report the case of a 14-year-old female presenting with a painful left flank swelling. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large tumour invading the left kidney, heterogeneously enhanced after injection, associated with lymph nodes and peritoneal carcinomatosis. A thoraco-abdomino-pelvic computed tomography scan revealed pulmonary nodules and osteolytic lesions. A biopsy was performed, and histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular studies confirmed the diagnosis of retroperitoneal Ewing sarcoma. Multi-agent chemotherapy followed by radical nephrectomy was performed, confirming the renal origin, and histology showed a post-therapeutical response. After a 1-year follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence. We report this case to highlight the rarity of this entity and its challenging clinico-pathological diagnosis when presenting as a renal tumour.
Spontaneous omental infarction in an obese young female patient treated with laparoscopy: a case report
Authors: Nikolovski Andrej , Lazarova Ana , Mojsilovic Dino , Ristovski Gligor , Argirov Ivan , Ulusoy Cemal 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Partial infarction of the great omentum is a rare cause of abdominal pain and may present as a surgical emergency. Omental infarction might occur due to its torsion, but cases without obvious cause are reported. Risk factors related to this condition are overweight, obesity, abdominal trauma, recent abdominal surgery, hypercoagulability, postprandial vascular congestion and an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Because of the condition’s rarity, most patients are treated with surgery and the diagnosis is established intraoperatively. Preoperative diagnosis allows successful conservative treatment with analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. This case reports a young female patient with class III obesity presented with spontaneous partial infarction of the great omentum treated with laparoscopy.
Xenogeneic matrix for basal cell carcinoma reconstruction: a case report
Authors: Hildebrandt Helmut , Kämmerer Peer W , Heimes Diana , Hartmann Amely 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This case report introduces an innovative approach for tissue regeneration post-total excision of basal cell carcinoma utilizing a xenogeneic collagen matrix coupled with injectable platelet-rich fibrin. The clinical outcome underscores the efficacy and predictability of this protocol in soft tissue regeneration. While further investigation on a larger patient cohort is warranted to fully elucidate its effects and advantages, this technique holds promise in streamlining surgical procedures following excision of extraoral neoplasms. Notably, its simple handling, minimal resource requirements, and potential to mitigate donor site morbidity and patient comorbidities post-surgery signify its value in clinical practice.
Cotton leaf curl Multan virus subverts the processing of hydroxyproline-rich systemin to suppress tobacco defenses against insect vectors
Authors: Chen Na , Zou Chi , Pan Li-Long , Du Hui , Yang Jing-Jing , Liu Shu-Sheng , Wang Xiao-Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Insect vector–virus–plant interactions have important ecological and evolutionary implications. The constant struggle of plants against viruses and insect vectors has driven the evolution of multiple defense strategies in the host as well as counter-defense strategies in the viruses and insect vectors. Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) is a major causal agent of cotton leaf curl disease in Asia and is exclusively transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Here, we report that plants infected with CLCuMuV and its betasatellite CLCuMuB enhance the performance of the B. tabaci vector, and βC1 encoded by CLCuMuB plays an important role in begomovirus–whitefly–tobacco tripartite interactions. We showed that CLCuMuB βC1 suppresses the jasmonic acid signaling pathway by interacting with the subtilisin-like protease 1.7 (NtSBT1.7) protein, thereby enhancing whitefly performance on tobacco plants. Further studies revealed that in wild-type plants, NtSBT1.7 could process tobacco preprohydroxyproline-rich systemin B (NtpreproHypSysB). After CLCuMuB infection, CLCuMuB βC1 could interfere with the processing of NtpreproHypSysB by NtSBT1.7, thereby impairing plant defenses against whitefly. These results contribute to our understanding of tripartite interactions among virus, plant, and whitefly, thus offering ecological insights into the spread of vector insect populations and the prevalence of viral diseases.
The double-edged sword of potassium and sodium fertilization in xylem embolism resistance of two Eucalyptus species under drought stress
Authors: Mateus Nikolas Souza , Perez-Martinez Victoria , Lavres Jose , Tissue David T , Choat Brendan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sodium (Na+) is a beneficial element for most plants and may replace potassium (K+) in osmoregulatory process to a certain extent, increasing plant water use efficiency. Thus, understanding coordinated mechanisms underlying the combined use of K+ and Na+ in tree drought tolerance is a key challenge for forestry in dealing with productivity and water limitations. A pot experiment with three ratios of K/Na (K-supplied, partial K replacement by Na, and K-deficient plants) and two water regimes, well-watered (W+) and water-stressed (W−), was conducted on saplings of two Eucalyptus species with contrasting drought sensitivities. We evaluated the point of stomatal closure (Pgs90), xylem water potential at 12, 50, and 88% embolized xylem area (P12, P50, P88), hydraulic safety margin, leaf gas exchange (A, E, gs, and dark respiration), pre-dawn and midday leaf water potential (ΨPD and ΨMD), long-term water use efficiency (WUEL) and total dry mass. Partial K replacement by Na increased leaf gas exchange, WUEL, and total dry mass, while Pgs90, P12, P50, P88, and ΨMD decreased (were more negative), compared with plants exclusively supplied with K and K-deficient plants of both species. Fertilized plants had narrower hydraulic safety margins than K-deficient plants, indicating that these Eucalyptus species adopt the functional adaptive strategy of operating close to their hydraulic limits to maximize carbon uptake while increasing the risk of hydraulic failure under drought stress.
Movement Quality Assessment of Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Cadets: A Report of Validity and Normative Data
Authors: Lally Erin , Ericksen Hayley , Mach Madison , Earl-Boehm Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Movement quality screening in early-career military populations, like Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (AROTC) cadets, could decrease the negative impact of musculoskeletal injury observed within the military. Movement quality screening techniques should be valid before being pursued in the field. Normative data describing movement quality of AROTC cadets are also needed. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine criterion validity of several movement quality assessments and report normative jump-landing kinematics of AROTC cadets.

Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional research was approved by the Institutional Review Board. As part of a larger study, 20 AROTC cadets (21.3 ± 3.4 years; 1.7 ± 0.1 m; 73.8 ± 14.8 kg) had 3-dimensional (3D) and 2-dimensional (2D) kinematic data collected simultaneously while performing a jump-landing task. Variables of interest were 3D hip and knee sagittal, frontal, and transverse joint angles at maximum knee flexion. An experienced rater calculated sagittal and frontal 2D joint angles at maximum knee flexion. Averages of 2D and 3D angles were calculated to describe normative data and for further data analysis. Bivariate correlations between 3D and 2D variables were used to determine criterion validity.

Results
Moderate correlations were found between 2D and 3D hip frontal plane angles (P = .05, r =−0.33), 2D and 3D knee sagittal plane angles (P = .04, r = 0.35), and 2D and 3D knee frontal plane angles (P = .03, r = −0.36). Normative values of knee and hip kinematics demonstrated averages of 17.58° of knee adduction, 16.48° of knee external rotation, 11.57° of hip abduction, 10.76° of hip internal rotation, and 103.47° of knee flexion during landings. However, ranges demonstrated that landing patterns vary within AROTC cadets.

Conclusions
The normative values of 3D jump-landing kinematic data indicate that movement quality varies greatly within AROTC cadets, and some cadets display potentially injurious movements. Therefore, screening movement quality could be beneficial to determine musculoskeletal injury risk in AROTC cadets. Based on the correlations discovered in this study, we recommend the 2D techniques used in this study be researched further as they may serve as alternatives to expensive, timely 3D techniques that could be better utilized in military environments.
A Novel Mutation as a Rare Cause of Pneumothorax in a Soldier
Authors: Shank Christopher G , Holtzclaw Arthur W , Rosenberg Alexandra P , Ducummon III Clarence C 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) is a rare cause of spontaneous pneumothorax caused by an autosomal-dominant mutation in the folliculin gene (FLCN). The syndrome can have widely variable presentations and is associated with recurrent pneumothorax, cystic lung disease, characteristic skin lesions, and renal tumors. Lung cysts have been described in over 80% of cases, and roughly 24 to 38% of patients have at least one pneumothorax and over 75% have multiple pneumothoraces. One of the defining features of this condition is fibrofolliculomas, which are benign tumors of the hair follicle. Given its rarity, the diagnosis is often missed and/or delayed for many years. This delay has clinical implications as screening for renal cancer is recommended in both the patient and affected family members. Increased recognition of this syndrome can lead to more patients receiving definitive treatment for their first pneumothorax, and being screened for renal cancers. We present a rare case of Birt-Hogg-Dubé with a never before described mutation in the FLCN gene, leading to spontaneous pneumothorax in an active duty male soldier.
Role of Pain Catastrophizing in the Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain in Different Subgroups: An Exploratory Secondary Data Analysis Using Finite Mixture Models
Authors: Wi Dahee , Ransom Jeffrey C , Flynn Diane M , Steffen Alana D , Park Chang , Burke Larisa A , Doorenbos Ardith Z 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Providing effective treatment for debilitating chronic pain is a challenge among many populations including military service members. Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) is a leading psychological pain treatment. Pain catastrophizing is a pivotal mediator of pain-related outcomes. The purpose of this study was (1) to identify patient subgroups who differ in response to CBT-CP and (2) to explore the characteristics that define these patient subgroups. The overall goal was to obtain a better understanding of factors that may influence response to CBT-CP.

Materials and Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial of 149 U.S. active duty service members with chronic pain. Participants underwent group-based CBT-CP for 6 weeks and completed pre- and posttreatment assessments. Finite mixture models were employed to identify subgroups in treatment response, with pain impact score as the primary outcome measure.

Results
We identified two classes of nearly equal size with distinct pain impact responses. One class reported improved pain impact scores following CBT-CP. This improvement was significantly associated with lower (better) baseline depression scores and greater improvement in posttreatment pain catastrophizing. In contrast, the other class reported slightly worse mean pain impact scores following CBT-CP treatment; this response was not related to baseline depression or change in pain catastrophizing.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that a sizable proportion of individuals with chronic pain may not respond to group-based CBT-CP and may require a more individualized treatment approach.
DESI complete calibration of the colour–redshift relation (DC3R2): results from early DESI data
Authors: McCullough J , Gruen D , Amon A , Roodman A , Masters D , Raichoor A , Schlegel D , Canning R , Castander F J , DeRose J , Miquel R , Myles J , Newman J A , Slosar A , Speagle J , Wilson M J , Aguilar J , Ahlen S , Bailey S , Brooks D , Claybaugh T , Cole S , Dawson K , de la Macorra A , Doel P , Forero-Romero J E , Gontcho A Gontcho S , Guy J , Kehoe R , Kremin A , Landriau M , Le Guillou L , Levi M , Manera M , Martini P , Meisner A , Moustakas J , Nie J , Percival W J , Poppett C , Prada F , Rezaie M , Rossi G , Sanchez E , Seo H , Tarlé G , Weaver B A , Zhou Z , Zou H ,   DESI Collaboration
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We present initial results from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) complete calibration of the colour–redshift relation (DC3R2) secondary target survey. Our analysis uses 230 k galaxies that overlap with KiDS-VIKING ugriZYJHKs photometry to calibrate the colour–redshift relation and to inform photometric redshift (photo-z) inference methods of future weak lensing surveys. Together with emission line galaxies (ELGs), luminous red galaxies (LRGs), and the Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS) that provide samples of complementary colour, the DC3R2 targets help DESI to span 56 per cent of the colour space visible to Euclid and LSST with high confidence spectroscopic redshifts. The effects of spectroscopic completeness and quality are explored, as well as systematic uncertainties introduced with the use of common Self-Organizing Maps trained on different photometry than the analysis sample. We further examine the dependence of redshift on magnitude at fixed colour, important for the use of bright galaxy spectra to calibrate redshifts in a fainter photometric galaxy sample. We find that noise in the KiDS-VIKING photometry introduces a dominant, apparent magnitude dependence of redshift at fixed colour, which indicates a need for carefully chosen deep drilling fields, and survey simulation to model this effect for future weak lensing surveys.
Evolving past instabilities on the thermally pulsing-(super)asymptotic giant branch
Authors: Rees Natalie R , Izzard Robert G 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We address the challenge of running thermally pulsing-(super)asymptotic giant branch [TP-(S)AGB] models, with a 1D hydrostatic stellar evolution code, without suffering instabilities that terminate the evolution. We investigate two instabilities that usually occur during the luminosity peak following a thermal pulse: the hydrogen recombination instability and the Fe-peak instability. Both instabilities occur when the stellar mass is significantly reduced ($M \lesssim M_\mathrm{i}/2$) at the end of the TP-(S)AGB in our models with initial mass $M_\mathrm{i}\gtrsim 2~\mathrm{M}_\odot$. The hydrogen recombination instability occurs due to the difficulty of modelling a thermally and dynamically unstable envelope in a 1D hydrostatic code, and is prevented by damping the energy released by hydrogen recombination in the outer envelope. The Fe-peak instability occurs when the radiation pressure drops at the base of the convective envelope and is prevented by boosting the convective energy transport in this region. We provide custom routines to prevent these instabilities in the stellar evolution code mesa. The impact of these routines on the stellar structure is minimized so as to not affect the efficiency of third dredge-up, hot-bottom burning, or the wind mass-loss rate. We find only a modest reduction in third dredge-up efficiency at small envelope masses ($M_\mathrm{env}\lesssim 1.0~\mathrm{M}_\odot$). Consequently, our $M_\mathrm{i}=5~\mathrm{M}_\odot$ star, with hot-bottom burning, becomes a carbon star for the last $\sim 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of its thermally pulsing lifetime. The largest stellar radii are reached during the final thermal pulses, which may have important consequences for binary–star interactions.
Quasi-periodic oscillations in rotating and deformed space–times
Authors: Boshkayev K , Konysbayev T , Kurmanov Ye , Muccino M , Quevedo H 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Quasi-periodic oscillation (QPOs) analysis is important for understanding the dynamical behaviour of many astrophysical objects during transient events such as gamma-ray bursts, solar flares, magnetar flares, and fast radio bursts. In this paper, we analyse QPO data in low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) systems, using the Lense-Thirring, Kerr, and approximate Zipoy-Voorhees metrics. We demonstrate that the inclusion of spin and quadrupole parameters modifies the well-established results for the fundamental frequencies in the Schwarzschild space–time. We interpret the QPO data within the framework of the standard relativistic precession model, allowing us to infer the values of the mass, spin, and quadrupole parameters of neutron stars in LMXBs. We explore recent QPO data sets from eight distinct LMXBs, assess their optimal parameters, and compare our findings with results in the existing literature. Finally, we discuss the astrophysical implications of our findings.