bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and functional analysis of an ovarian form of the egg activation factor phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) in pufferfish
Authors: Coward Kevin , Ponting Chris P. , Zhang Nan , Young Claire , Huang Chang‐Jen , Chou Chih‐Ming , Kashir Junaid , Fissore Rafael A. , Parrington John 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRecent studies suggest that egg activation in mammals is triggered by a sperm‐specific phospholipase C, PLCzeta. In other vertebrate species such as medaka fish, chickens, and quail, PLCzeta is also expressed as a testis‐specific mRNA. Functional studies suggest that PLCzeta plays a similar role as a trigger of egg activation in these species. Here, we report the identification of PLCzeta orthologues in pufferfish species Takifugu rubripes (Fugu) and Tetraodon nigroviridis (Tetraodon). Unexpectedly in these species PLCzeta is expressed not in the testis, but in ovary and brain. Injection of pufferfish PLCzeta copy ribonucleic acid (cRNA) into mouse eggs failed to trigger calcium oscillations, unlike medaka PLCzeta cRNA. Our findings provide the first evidence that PLCzeta may be expressed in the egg, rather than the sperm, in some vertebrate species, and that its mechanism of action and physiologic role at fertilization may differ in different vertebrate species. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:48–56, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fertyrosine kinase is required for germinal vesicle breakdown and meiosis‐I in mouse oocytes
Authors: McGinnis Lynda K. , Hong Xiaoman , Christenson Lane K. , Kinsey William H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe control of microtubule and actin‐mediated events that direct the physical arrangement and separation of chromosomes during meiosis is critical since failure to maintain chromosome organization can lead to germ cell aneuploidy. Our previous studies demonstrated a role for FYN tyrosine kinase in chromosome and spindle organization and in cortical polarity of the mature mammalian oocyte. In addition toFyn, mammalian oocytes express the protein tyrosine kinaseFerat high levels relative to other tissues. The objective of the present study was to determine the function of this kinase in the oocyte. Feline encephalitis virus (FES)‐related kinase (FER) protein was uniformly distributed in the ooplasm of small oocytes, but became concentrated in the germinal vesicle (GV) during oocyte growth. After germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), FER associated with the metaphase‐I (MI) and metaphase‐II (MII) spindles. Suppression ofFerexpression by siRNA knockdown in GV stage oocytes did not prevent activation of cyclin dependent kinase 1 activity or chromosome condensation during in vitro maturation, but did arrest oocytes prior to GVBD or during MI. The resultant phenotype displayed condensed chromosomes trapped in the GV, or condensed chromosomes poorly arranged in a metaphase plate but with an underdeveloped spindle microtubule structure or chromosomes compacted into a tight sphere. The results demonstrate that FER kinase plays a critical role in oocyte meiotic spindle microtubule dynamics and may have an additional function in GVBD. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:33–47, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polar bodies—more a lack of understanding than a lack of respect
Authors: Schmerler Samuel , Wessel Gary M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPolar bodies are as diverse as the organisms that produce them. Although in many animals these cells often die following meiotic maturation of the oocyte, in other organisms they are an essential and diverse part of embryonic development. Here we highlight some of this diversity and summarize the evolutionary basis for their utility. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:3–8, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depression and age as predictors of patient‐reported outcome in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Bremander A.B. , Holmström G. , Bergman S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground. The recommended treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain is multidisciplinary, with a cognitive approach. The aim of this study was to investigate health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) outcome after a multidisciplinary treatment with a cognitive approach.Methods. A total of 131 subjects who participated in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme (2005–2008) were studied at baseline and after six months, using the Short Form Short Form 36‐item Health Survey questionnaire (SF‐36) as primary outcome (HRQoL), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and pain as secondary outcomes and possible baseline predictors for HRQoL.Results. Complete data were available for 97 subjects (85 women, mean age [SD] 44.6 [9.7] years). The SF‐36 subscales physical function (PF), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social function (SF) and mental health (MH), the visual analogue scale for pain and the HAD improved significantly (p < 0.05) at follow‐up compared with baseline. A pre‐treatment probable depression (HAD score ≥11) was associated with a favourable outcome of the SF‐36 subscales PF (odds ratio [OR] 5.6; p = 0.01), VT (OR 4.3; p = 0.02) and MH (OR 3.6; p = 0.02). A probable anxiety (HAD score ≥11) was associated with a favourable outcome of PF (OR 2.6; p = 0.05). There was an even stronger association for younger subjects (20–45 years), with probable depression scores at baseline and a favourable HRQoL outcome at follow up.Conclusion. This multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme, using a non‐pharmacological cognitive approach, seemed to yield a better outcome concerning HRQoL measures in younger subjects with higher depression scores at baseline. This information is important for clinics when tailoring a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for patients with musculoskeletal chronic pain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress integration approach to evaluate damping ratio in torsional tests
Authors: Bae Yoon‐Shin , Bay James A. , Sasanakul Inthuorn 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe complexity of determining strain associated with shear modulus and damping ratio in torsional tests has been resolved by means of several approaches. The stress integration approach is adequate when generating the plots of equivalent radius ratio versus strain more effectively over any range of strains in resonant column and torsional shear (RC/TS) tests. The stress integration approach was applied for hyperbolic, modified hyperbolic, and Ramberg–Osgood models in evaluating damping ratio. This study showed that using a single value of equivalent radius ratio in evaluating damping ratio is not appropriate. The combined hysteretic‐nonviscous damping model was developed and employed to consider the increased damping behavior at small strains using the stress integration approach. The results suggest that adding viscous behavior has no significant effect strain calculations in RC/TS testing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal coupling of fluid flow and structural response of a tunnel induced by fire
Authors: Schrefler B. A. , Codina R. , Pesavento F. , Principe J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this work we present the progress in the development of an algorithm for the simulation of thermal fluid–structural coupling in a tunnel fire. The coupling strategy is based on a Dirichlet/Neumann non‐overlapping domain decomposition of the problem, which is carried out by developing a master code that controls solvers dedicated to the fluid mechanics and to the solid mechanics simulation. The computational fluid dynamics formulation consists of a stabilized finite element approximation of the low Mach number equations based on the subgrid scale concept, that allows us to deal with convection‐dominated problems and to use equal order interpolation of velocity and pressure. The thermo‐structural model of the tunnel vault, that considers a multiphase porous material where pores are partly filled with liquid and partly by gas, is specially devised for the simulation of concrete at high temperatures and consists of balance equations for mass conservation of dry air, mass conservation of water species (both in the liquid and gaseous state), enthalpy conservation and linear momentum conservation taking phase changes into account. The developed algorithm is applied to the problem of the response of a tunnel to a fire. We consider the combustion process as a heat release which can vary usually from 1thinspaceMW for small car fires to 100 MW for catastrophic fires. The released heat is transferred to the concrete walls of the tunnel which could cause extensive and heavy damage of the structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D finite element simulation of the matter flow by surface diffusion using a level set method
Authors: Bruchon J. , Drapier S. , Valdivieso F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWithin the context of the sintering process simulation, this paper proposes a numerical strategy for the direct simulation of the matter transport by surface diffusion, in two and three dimensions. The level set formulation of the surface diffusion problem is first established. The resulting equations are solved by using a finite element method. A stabilization technique is then introduced, in order to avoid the spurious oscillations of the grain boundary that are a consequence of the dependence of the surface velocity on the fourth‐order derivative of the level set function. The convergence and the accuracy of this approach are proved by investigating the change in an elliptic interface under surface diffusion. Cases in direct relation with the sintering process are analyzed besides: sintering between two grains of the same size or of two different sizes. Finally, 3D simulations involving a small number of particles show the ability of the proposed strategy to deal with strong deformations of the grain surface (formation of necks) and to access directly important parameters such as the closed porosity rate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A growing tradition?
Authors: Gasman Marybeth 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article develops a basic knowledge of African American family foundations from which additional research can be generated. It addresses the following questions: From what types of professional backgrounds do the founders of African American family foundations hail? In which areas of the country are African American family foundations located? What is the range of assets possessed by African American family foundations, and how are these assets managed? How do African American family foundations use board members, employees, and volunteers to support their organizations? What are the overarching goals of African American family foundations? And in what areas are they concentrating their donations?
Organic and sustainable
Authors: Campbell David A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, spawned 252 new nonprofit organizations. We know little about these organizations, including how they emerged, formalized, met constituents' expectations for immediate performance, and ultimately survived. This article explores these issues through a case study of one successful organization, the Windows of Hope Family Relief Fund. Using concepts from disaster, organizational ecology, and entrepreneurship research, the analysis identifies six propositions that link these literatures, notably the role of resource acquisition in formalization and the role of legitimacy in both fund development and organizational endurance. The study contributes new knowledge about the role of collaboration in acquiring capacity to enhance responsiveness. The findings suggest potential parallels to the evolution of new nonprofit organizations in other contexts.
Antemortem pathological changes suggestive of reactive and degenerative arthritic disorders
Authors: Tersigni‐Tarrant M. A. , Zachow R. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe present case displays severe antemortem skeletal malformations suggestive of antemortem reactive arthritis (ReA), spondyloarthropathies and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). The ossified anterior longitudinal ligament on the right side of the thoracic vertebral bodies, with the presence of extraspinal enthesophytes, together indicates DISH. Fused lumbar vertebrae with costovertebral and sacroiliac joint fusion, combined with numerous large enthesophytes collectively suggest ankylosing spondylosis and ReA. Finally, some vertebrae showed evidence of age related osteoarthritis. However, the anatomical evidence for these conditions displays some inconsistencies with the known pathogenesis; therefore, a definitive account of this individual's antemortem condition remains uncertain. As no biological or medical information is known about the individual, skeletal morphology, irregular skeletal fusion and the presence of enthesophytes have been collectively used to propose the antemortem disorders that appear to have affected this individual's skeleton. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The lived experience of redesigning lifestyle post‐retirement in the UK
Authors: Mountain Gail Anne , Craig Claire Louise 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of introducing and delivering an occupation‐based lifestyle intervention, inspired by the US Lifestyle Redesign® into a UK context and to test requirements for a future robust clinical evaluation. The intervention involves a weekly facilitated group session to assist participants to engage with new and neglected occupations supplemented by an individual monthly meeting with one of the facilitators. A range of quantitative and qualitative methods were employed for the entire research programme. An in‐depth interview was conducted with all participants before and after the 8‐month programme and their progress was documented in reflective diaries maintained by the programme facilitators. The four participants whose narratives are described in this paper were experiencing eroded lifestyle as a result of diminished health combined with other challenges of later life. However, results of post‐intervention interviews revealed that all had been able to engage with new and re‐engage with neglected occupations despite continuing compromises. None of the participants reported experiencing improved physical health but all talked about the improvements to their confidence, self‐efficacy and overall well‐being which they attributed to the programme. Therefore, the intervention appears to warrants the investment necessary for population‐based evaluation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic changes in tumour microenvironments
Authors: Campbell Ian , Qiu Wen , Haviv Izhak 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNumerous in vitro and in vivo studies have established that carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts differ phenotypically from fibroblasts associated with normal tissue but the mechanisms underlying these differences are unclear. Since carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts can be propagated in vitro for extended periods and still maintain their cancer‐promoting phenotype, some investigators have proposed that they might have acquired somatic genetic alterations analogous to those observed in malignant epithelium. Early molecular genetic studies appeared to validate this hypothesis by demonstrating remarkably high frequencies of clonal somatic genetic alterations in carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts, including loss of heterozygosity, gene amplification, and point mutations in tumour suppressor genes such as TP53 and PTEN. The initial excitement of these paradigm‐changing studies overshadowed concerns that there may have been a more mundane explanation for these observations. In addition to the fact that the data would necessarily invoke an unlikely scenario of the simultaneous generation of two symbiotic malignancies, subsequent molecular genetic studies found no evidence of frequent genomic aberrations. One striking common trait of those studies reporting frequent clonal somatic alterations in carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts is the use of tissues and techniques which are well known to be highly prone to generating artefacts such as limiting and poor quality DNA followed by highly multiplexed PCR‐based analyses. It is now clear that clonal somatic mutations are not the biological basis of the cancer‐promoting attributes of carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment and outcomes of patients with relapsed, high‐risk neuroblastoma: Results of German trials
Authors: Simon Thorsten , Berthold Frank , Borkhardt Arndt , Kremens Bernhard , De Carolis Boris , Hero Barbara 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of high‐risk neuroblastoma patients has improved over the last decades. However, many patients experience relapse after successful initial treatment. We retrospectively analyzed the long‐term outcome of relapsed patients of three consecutive national neuroblastoma trials.MethodsPatients were included when they fulfilled all of the following criteria: Age at diagnosis being 1 year or older, first diagnosis between 1990 and 2007, stage 4 disease or stage 3 neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification, and relapse or progression after successful first‐line autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).ResultsA total of 451 high‐risk neuroblastoma patients 1 year or older underwent ASCT during first‐line treatment, 253 experienced recurrence of disease, 158 received salvage chemotherapy, and 23 of them finally underwent a second ASCT. These 23 patients had a better median survival (2.08 years) and 3‐year survival rate from recurrence (43.5 ± 10.9%) compared to 74 patients who had no second chemotherapy (median survival 0.24 years, 3‐year survival rate 4.0 ± 2.6%) and 135 patients who underwent second‐line chemotherapy but did not undergo second ASCT (median survival of 0.89 years, 3‐year survival rate 9.6 ± 2.8%, P < 0.001). By February 2010, 3/23 patients were in complete remission, 3/23 in very good partial remission, 1/23 in partial remission, 14/23 patients died of disease after successful second ASCT, and 2/23 died of complications due to second ASCT.ConclusionIntensive second‐line therapy is feasible. A small subgroup of relapsed high‐risk neuroblastoma patients may benefit from intensive relapse chemotherapy and second ASCT. The potential of long‐term survival justifies clinical trials on intensive second‐line treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:578–583. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shotgun proteomic analysis for detecting differentially expressed proteins in the reduced culm number rice
Authors: Lee Joohyun , Jiang Wenzhu , Qiao Yongli , Cho Young‐Il , Woo Mi‐Ok , Chin Joong‐Hyun , Kwon Soon‐Wook , Hong Seong Sig , Choi Ik‐Young , Koh Hee‐Jong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo survey protein expression patterns in the reduced culm number (RCN) rice, a comparative shotgun proteomic analysis was conducted. For large‐scale protein identification, multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) coupled with pre‐fractionation of plant shoot proteins led to the identification of 3004 non‐redundant rice proteins. By statistically comparing relative amounts of 1353 reproducibly identified proteins between the RCN rice and the wild‐type rice, 44 differentially expressed proteins were detected, where 42 proteins were increased and 2 proteins were decreased in the RCN rice. These proteins appear to have roles in glycolysis, trichloroacetic acid cycle, secondary metabolism, nutrient recycling, and nucleotide metabolism and repair. Consequently, we hypothesized that the RCN rice might fail to maintain sugar nutrient homeostasis. This was confirmed with the observation that the sucrose concentration was increased significantly in the RCN rice compared with the wild‐type rice. Also, the RCN rice showed a hypersensitive response to exogenous sucrose treatment.
Rab23 plays a role in the pathophysiology of mesangial cells – A proteomic analysis
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Hao , Ka Shuk‐Man , Hsu Yu‐Juei , Shui Hao‐Ai , Tang Bor‐Luen , Hu Kuang‐Yu , Chang Junn‐Liang , Chen Ann 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRab23, a novel member of the Rab family of small GTPases, has recently been identified in mesangial cells (MCs). Although Rab23 levels in MCs are associated with glomerular nephropathies, the exact physiological and pathological roles of Rab23 in MCs are unknown. In the present study, its roles in MCs were explored by performing proteomics and systems biology analyses in MCs after knockdown or overexpression of Rab23. Knockdown of Rab23 was achieved by transfecting MCs with a plasmid expressing short hairpin RNA against Rab23, while overexpression of Rab23 was accomplished by transfection with the wild‐type, dominant negative, and constitutively active Rab23 gene constructs. The effects of different levels of Rab23 activity on proteome of various biological pathways were investigated. Gel‐based proteomic approaches and systems biology tools, respectively, were used to identify the Rab23‐regulated proteins and the functional pathways. Proteomic analysis revealed the potential roles for Rab23 in multiple processes, including G‐protein signal transduction, transcription modulation, RNA stabilization, protein synthesis and degradation, cytoskeleton reorganization, anti‐oxidation and detoxification, circadian rhythm regulation and phagocytosis. Bioinformatics analyses showed that Rab23 impacts on multiple biological networks in MCs. These data may shed light on the roles of Rab23 in mesangiopathy or MC damage.
Gel‐based and gel‐free proteomic analysis of Nicotiana tabacum trichomes identifies proteins involved in secondary metabolism and in the (a)biotic stress response
Authors: Van Cutsem Emmanuel , Simonart Géraldine , Degand Hervé , Faber Anne‐Marie , Morsomme Pierre , Boutry Marc 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNicotiana tabacum leaves are covered by trichomes involved in the secretion of large amounts of secondary metabolites, some of which play a major role in plant defense. However, little is known about the metabolic pathways that operate in these structures. We undertook a proteomic analysis of N. tabacum trichomes in order to identify their protein complement. Efficient trichome isolation was obtained by abrading frozen leaves. After homogenization, soluble proteins and a microsomal fraction were prepared by centrifugation. Gel‐based and gel‐free proteomic analyses were then performed. 2‐DE analysis of soluble proteins led to the identification of 1373 protein spots, which were digested and analyzed by MS/MS, leading to 680 unique identifications. Both soluble proteins and microsomal fraction were analyzed by LC MALDI‐MS/MS after trypsin digestion, leading to 858 identifications, many of which had not been identified after 2‐DE, indicating that the two methods complement each other. Many enzymes putatively involved in secondary metabolism were identified, including enzymes involved in the synthesis of terpenoid precursors and in acyl sugar production. Several transporters were also identified, some of which might be involved in secondary metabolite transport. Various (a)biotic stress response proteins were also detected, supporting the role of trichomes in plant defense.