bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of medial temporal lobe in retrieving spatial and nonspatial relations from episodic and semantic memory
Authors: Ryan Lee , Lin Chun‐Yu , Ketcham Katie , Nadel Lynn 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study examined the involvement of medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus, in processing spatial and nonspatial relations using episodic and semantic versions of a relational judgment task. Participants studied object arrays and were tested on different types of relations between pairs of objects. Three prevalent views of hippocampal function were considered. Cognitive map theory (O'Keefe and Nadel (1978) The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map. USA: Oxford University Press) emphasizes hippocampal involvement in spatial relational tasks. Multiple trace theory (Nadel and Moscovitch (1997) Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex Curr Opin Neurobiol 7:217–227) emphasizes hippocampal involvement in episodic tasks. Eichenbaum and Cohen's ((2001) From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection: Memory Systems of the Brain. USA: Oxford University Press) relational theory predicts equivalent hippocampal involvement in all relational tasks within both semantic and episodic memory. The fMRI results provided partial support for all three theories, though none of them fit the data perfectly. We observed hippocampal activation during all relational tasks, with increased activation for spatial compared to nonspatial relations, and for episodic compared to semantic relations. The placement of activation along the anterior‐posterior axis of the hippocampus also differentiated the conditions. We suggest a view of hippocampal function in memory that incorporates aspects of all three theories. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fully‐automated, multi‐stage hippocampus mapping in very mild Alzheimer disease
Authors: Wang Lei , Khan Ali , Csernansky John G. , Fischl Bruce , Miller Michael I. , Morris John C. , Beg M. Faisal 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLandmark‐based high‐dimensional diffeomorphic maps of the hippocampus (although accurate) is highly‐dependent on rater's anatomic knowledge of the hippocampus in the magnetic resonance images. It is therefore vulnerable to rater drift and errors if substantial amount of effort is not spent on quality assurance, training, and re‐training. A fully‐automated, FreeSurfer‐initialized large‐deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping procedure of small brain substructures, including the hippocampus, has been previously developed and validated in small samples. In this report, we demonstrate that this fully‐automated pipeline can be used in place of the landmark‐based procedure in a large‐sample clinical study to produce similar statistical outcomes. Some direct comparisons of the two procedures are also presented. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Romantic love. A human universal and possible honest signal
Authors: Schiefenhövel Wulf 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSome forms of love have the ability to transform perfectly normal people into seemingly powerless victims. The tragic example of one of the richest women in Germany whose love to a professional gigolo has profoundly unsettled her life reminds us of the powerful mechanisms bringing about what is rightly termed “falling in love”. Most representatives of the arts and humanities are convinced that such “romantic love” can only be felt by members of modern societies and historically only came about to be a specific mind‐set when modernity started. If contemporary citizens would be asked in the street, whether a woman or man in traditional society could and would experience the kind of special states of mind and soul connected to falling and being in love, many would probably intuitively say: “That may well be possible. Why should they be so different from us in such essential aspect?” When one talks to academic colleagues, the situation is, however, different. The authoritative view of some of the great scholars of sociology and related disciplines has created the firm conviction: “Romantic love is specific for our kind of modern”, and many would add: “occidental, society”. In this essay, this concept of cultural specificity is challenged and examples from written and oral literature are presented, as well as findings of crosscultural evolutionary biology which, altogether, render this sociological concept obsolete. To conclude, romantic love has to be regarded a human universal phenomenon and may serve as honest signal of one's deep emotional involvement, thus influencing mate‐choice.
Asymmetric information, price discovery and macroeconomic announcements in FX market: do top trading banks know more?
Authors: Phylaktis Kate , Chen Long 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study investigates information asymmetry in the foreign exchange market by testing the hypothesis that top trading banks possess superior information on the macroeconomy because they process greater order flow, which, according to the micro‐structure literature, helps them aggregate the dispersed information and feel the general movements of the economy. Examining the information share of the banks in the Reuters EFX system using indicative GBP–$US data over 5 years, we find that the top 10 banks, out of 100 quoting banks in the market, have a monthly average share of over 70% of total market information, and around 80% during some US macroannouncements. These results suggest the possibility of private information over public news in the foreign exchange market. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The subspace iteration method in protein normal mode analysis
Authors: Sedeh Reza Sharifi , Bathe Mark , Bathe Klaus‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNormal mode analysis plays an important role in relating the conformational dynamics of proteins to their biological function. The subspace iteration method is a numerical procedure for normal mode analysis that has enjoyed widespread success in the structural mechanics community due to its numerical stability and computational efficiency in calculating the lowest normal modes of large systems. Here, we apply the subspace iteration method to proteins to demonstrate its advantageous properties in this area of computational protein science. An effective algorithm for choosing the number of iteration vectors in the method is established, offering a considerable improvement over the original implementation. In the present application, computational time scales linearly with the number of normal modes computed. Additionally, the method lends itself naturally to normal mode analyses of multiple neighboring macromolecular conformations, as demonstrated in a conformational change pathway analysis of adenylate kinase. These properties, together with its computational robustness and intrinsic scalability to multiple processors, render the subspace iteration method an effective and reliable computational approach to protein normal mode analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Structural and dynamical properties of the V3+ ion in dilute aqueous solution: An ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Kritayakornupong Chinapong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA hybrid ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics simulation at the Hartree‐Fock level has been performed to investigate structural and dynamical parameters of the V3+ ion in dilute aqueous solution. A distorted octahedral structure with the average V3+‐O distance of 1.99 Å is evaluated from the QM/MM simulation, which is in good agreement with the X‐ray data. Several structural parameters such as angular distribution functions, θ‐ and tilt‐angle distributions have been determined to obtain the full description of the hydration structure of the hydrated V3+. The Jahn‐Teller distortions of the V3+ ion are pronounced in the QM/MM simulation. The mean residence time of 14.5 ps is estimated for the ligand exchange processes in the second hydration shell. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009
A computational study of photochemical isomerization reactions of thiophenes
Authors: Su Ming‐Der 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe mechanisms of the photochemical isomerization reactions were investigated theoretically using three model systems; 2‐methylthiophene, 2‐cyanothiophene, and 2‐phenylthiophene. The CASSCF (10‐electron/eight‐orbital active space) and MP2‐CAS methods were employed with the 6‐311(d) basis set. Three mechanisms, i.e., the internal cyclization‐isomerization route (path A), the zwitterion‐tricyclic route (path B), and the direct route (path C), have been used to explore the real photochemical reaction mechanism of these three model molecules. The structures of the conical intersections, which play a key role in such phototranspositions, were obtained. The intermediates and transition structures of the ground states were also calculated to assist in providing a qualitative explanation of the reaction pathways. Our model investigations suggest that the preferred reaction route is as follows: reactant → Franck‐Condon region → conical intersection → photoproduct. In particular, the conical intersection mechanism described in this work gives a better explanation than either the previously proposed internal cyclization‐isomerization (path A) or the zwitterion‐tricyclic pathway (path B) mechanisms, and is supported by the experimental observations. The results obtained allow a number of predictions to be made. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Efficient extraction of free energy profiles from nonequilibrium experiments
Authors: Oberhofer Harald , Dellago Christoph 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHummer and Szabo recently presented a method based on the Jarzynski equality to calculate Helmholtz free energy profiles from nonequilibrium pathways obtained in simulations or experiments. In their approach, the free energy is reconstructed from weighted histograms. Here, we give a systematic derivation of the optimum weight, which—in principle—minimizes the statistical errors in the resulting free energy profiles. We then compare this optimum weight to Hummer and Szabo's original weight and several others by means of simulations of two one‐dimensional models, for which the free energy profile is analytically known. In addition, we carry out simulations of a deca‐alanine molecule pulled by a harmonic trap to assess the efficiency of the weights in a more realistic situation. In all cases, the weight of Hummer and Szabo performs very well leading to errors approximately equal to those obtained with a simplified version of the optimum weight. The performance of the optimum weight itself is unsatisfying due to statistical errors arising in the weight calculation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009
Paired orbitals for different spins equations
Authors: Zilberberg Igor , Ruzankin Sergey 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEigenvalue‐type equations for Löwdin–Amos–Hall spin‐paired (corresponding) orbitals are developed to provide an alternative to the standard spin‐polarized Hartree–Fock or Kohn–Sham equations in dealing with broken‐symmetry (BS) states. To derive paired orbitals for different spins (PODS) equations there has been applied Adams–Gilbert “localizing” operator approach. The PODS equations contain different operators for different spins the eigenvectors of which are paired orbitals associated with the same eigenvalue for each pair. Preliminary applications to simple systems show viability of this approach. Although the spectrum of possible applications of the PODS equations seems to be quite wide, they would be especially useful for obtaining and analyzing the Sz = 0 BS solutions for the systems with antiferromagnetic structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Optimized reuse and bioconversion from retentate of pre‐filtered palm oil mill effluent (POME) into microbial protease by Aspergillus terreus using response surface methodology
Authors: Wu Ta Yeong , Mohammad Abdul Wahab , Md. Jahim Jamaliah , Anuar Nurina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The membrane filtration process enables the treatment of wastewater, producing permeate which is less polluted. However, disposal is usually required for the retentate, which is produced as a concentrated constituent along with the permeate. In this study, the authors explored the possibility of reusing, rather than disposing of, the retentate of pre‐filtered palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a fermentation substrate in protease production by a wild type strain of Aspergillus terreus IMI 282743. In addition, the quantitative and interactive effects of the concentration factor for retentate, temperature, inoculum concentration, and fermentation time on the optimization of protease production were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM).RESULTS: Using RSM, the optimum conditions were found to be a concentration factor of 7.27, temperature of 37.95 °C, inoculum concentration of 1.30% (v/v) and fermentation time of 3.83 days. The protease production was increased 4.37‐fold in comparison with the results obtained under non‐optimized conditions.CONCLUSION: To a certain extent, protease production could be enhanced with an increase in concentration factor and temperature, and a decrease of inoculum concentration and fermentation time. Also, POME retentate was found to be a good substrate for protease production with high product activity and without nutrient supplementation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics of thermal inactivation of transglutaminase from a newly isolated Bacillus circulans BL32
Authors: de Souza Claucia Fernanda Volken , Faccin Débora Jung Luvizetto , Mertins Omar , Heck Júlio Xandro , da Silveira Nádya Pesce , Secchi Argimiro Resende , Ayub Marco Antônio Záchia 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: This paper describes the modeling of the kinetics of thermal inactivation of transglutaminase (TGase) from a newly isolated Bacillus circulans BL32, isolated from the Amazon environment. The purified enzyme was incubated at temperatures ranging from 30 to 70 °C and values of the thermodynamic inactivation parameters, such as activation energy (ΔE), activation enthalpy (ΔH), activation entropy (ΔS), and free energy (ΔG) for thermal inactivation, were calculated.RESULTS: The kinetics of TGase thermo‐inactivation followed a Lumry–Eyring model. The enzyme was very stable up to 50 °C, with approximately 50% of activity remaining after heating for 12 h. It was completely inactivated by incubation at 70 °C for 2 min. ΔE for TGase was 350.5 kJ mol−1. ΔH and ΔS for thermo‐inactivation of the TGase were 347.8 kJ mol−1 and 744 J mol−1 K−1 at 50 °C, respectively. Dynamic light scattering measurements suggest that the thermal inactivation of this microbial TGase can be partially attributed to the formation of aggregates.CONCLUSION: These results provide useful information about the thermal characteristics of the microbial TGase from B. circulans BL32 and indicate that this enzyme could be a good candidate for industrial applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous refolding, purification, and immobilization of recombinant Fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase on artificial oil bodies
Authors: Zeng Yi‐Fang , Hung Ying‐Jing , Chen Ming‐Ju , Peng Chi‐Chung , Tzen Jason T. C. , Liu Je‐Ruei 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: 1,3‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase (1,3‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucan 4‐glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.73) has been used in a range of industrial processes. As a biocatalyst, it is better to use immobilized enzymes than free enzymes, therefore, the immobilization of 1,3‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase was investigated.RESULTS: A 1,3‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase gene from Fibrobacter succinogenes was overexpressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant protein fused to the N terminus of oleosin, a unique structural protein of seed oil bodies. With the reconstitution of the artificial oil bodies (AOBs), refolding, purification, and immobilization of active 1,3‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase was accomplished simultaneously. Response surface modeling (RSM), with central composite design (CCD), and regression analysis were successfully applied to determine the optimal temperature and pH conditions of the AOB‐immobilized 1,3‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase. The optimal conditions for the highest immobilized 1,3‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase activity (7.1 IU mg−1 of total protein) were observed at 39 °C and pH 8.8. Furthermore, AOB‐immobilized 1,3‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase retained more than 70% of its initial activity after 120 min at 39 °C, and it was easily and simply recovered from the surface of the solution by brief centrifugation; it could be reused eight times while retaining more than 80% of its activity.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the AOB‐based system is a comparatively simple and effective method for simultaneous refolding, purification, and immobilization of 1,3‐1,4‐β‐D‐glucanase. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of chloramphenicol in Ag colloids prepared by microwave heating method
Authors: Si M. Z. , Kang Y. P. , Zhang Z. G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAg colloids were prepared by the microwave heating method. The UV‐visible spectrum and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to characterize the Ag colloids. The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of chloramphenicol (CAP) in Ag colloids were successfully recorded. The Raman spectra of CAP were recorded with good concordance comparing to the theoretical results calculated by the Gaussian'98 program. CAP molecules on the Ag surface are oriented tilted to the particle surface via C20‐O23, N‐O13, and N‐O23, which played an important role in the SERS effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Converting a tetrahedral mesh to a prism–tetrahedral hybrid mesh for FEM accuracy and efficiency
Authors: Yamakawa Soji , Shimada Kenji 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a computational method for converting a tetrahedral mesh to a prism–tetrahedral hybrid mesh for improved solution accuracy and computational efficiency of finite element analysis. The proposed method performs this conversion by inserting layers of prism elements and deleting tetrahedral elements in sweepable sub‐domains, in which cross‐sections remain topologically identical and geometrically similar along a certain sweeping path. The total number of finite elements is reduced because roughly three tetrahedral elements are converted to one prism element. The solution accuracy of the finite element analysis improves since a prism element yields a more accurate solution than a tetrahedral element due to the presence of higher‐order terms in the shape function. Only previously known method for creating such a prism–tetrahedral hybrid mesh was to manually decompose a target volume into sweepable and non‐sweepable sub‐volumes and mesh each of the sub‐volumes separately. Unlike the previous method, the proposed method starts from a cross‐section of a tetrahedral mesh and replaces the tetrahedral elements with layers of prism elements until prescribed quality criteria can no longer be satisfied. A series of computational fluid dynamics simulations and structural analyses have been conducted, and the results verified a better performance of prism–tetrahedral hybrid mesh. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discontinuous Galerkin finite volume element methods for second‐order linear elliptic problems
Authors: Kumar Sarvesh , Nataraj Neela , Pani Amiya K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this article, a one parameter family of discontinuous Galerkin finite volume element methods for approximating the solution of a class of second‐order linear elliptic problems is discussed. Optimal error estimates in L2 and broken H1‐ norms are derived. Numerical results confirm the theoretical order of convergences. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Paleopathology and health of native and introduced animals on Southern Peruvian and Bolivian Spanish Colonial sites
Authors: Defrance S. D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSpanish colonial sites in southern Peru and Bolivia contain remains of native camelids and introduced bovids with examples of degenerative paleopathologies that are interpreted as reflecting changes in herd management, animal use and animal health following the Spanish conquest. The archaeological contexts include three Spanish colonial wineries from Moquegua in southern Peru and the nearby colonial village of Torata Alta where indigenous people were forced to resettle under Spanish control. Also from Peru is faunal material from the 14th to 16th century rural agropastoral village of Pillistay located near Camana. Animal remains with bone abnormalities are also present in residential, commercial and industrial sites associated with Spanish silver mining near Potosí, Bolivia at Tarapaya and Cruz Pampa. Eighteen pathological specimens are described including examples of degenerative changes to phalanges, vertebrae, tarsals, limb elements and ribs. Paleopathologies present include exostoses, osteophytes, porosity, grooving and eburnation. Examples of phalangeal exostoses on bovid phalanges indicate the use of these introduced animals as draught cattle. Exostoses on camelid first phalanges suggests their use as cargo animals as do thoracic vertebrae with severe cases of degenerative pathology. Introduced caprines contain few pathologies indicating their primary use as food animals. The bone abnormalities from colonial sites are more severe than those reported for prehispanic faunal assemblages. These data provide insights into the health and work behaviour of indigenous Andean camelids and introduced Eurasian animals following the Spanish conquest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A supernumerary permanent mandibular premolar of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) from the early medieval Novgorod, Russia
Authors: Zinoviev A. V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate a unique case of polydonty in wild boar from the early medieval Novgorod (second half of 11th century AD). The only preserved distal part of the right mandibular branch shows a rotated transitional permanent extra premolar between P3 and P4. This abnormality has the potential to serve as a territorially‐based indicator of past wild boar populations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of cyclic acetals structure on efficiency of photoinitiation
Authors: Wang Kemin , Han Jing , Shi Suqing , Nie Jun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCyclic acetals were proposed as free radical polymerization photoinitiators or co‐initiators. The photopolymerization kinetics was recorded by real‐time infrared spectroscopy (RTIR). 2‐proply‐1,3‐benzodioxole (PBDO) and 2‐hexyl‐1,3‐benzodioxole (HBDO) were efficient photoinitiators for the polymerization of 1,6‐hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA). Polymerization occurred at the highest rate with 1,3‐benzodioxolane (BDO) as a co‐initiator. When 1.82 wt % benzophenone (BP) was used as a photoinitiator, the addition of PBDO increased the rate of polymerization (Rp) and the final double bond conversion (DCf) of HDDA, and an optimum cure rate (0.982 min−1) was obtained at 1.64 wt % of PBDO. Combination of p‐chlorobenzophenone (CBP) and PBDO had the highest initiating reactivity. Cyclic acetals were inefficient co‐initiators for isopropylthioxanthone (ITX). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.