bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of social environments on male primate HPG and HPA axis developmental programming
Authors: Brown Ella R. , Gettler Lee T. , Rosenbaum Stacy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDevelopmental plasticity is particularly important for humans and other primates because of our extended period of growth and maturation, during which our phenotypes adaptively respond to environmental cues. The hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axes are likely to be principal targets of developmental “programming” given their roles in coordinating fitness‐relevant aspects of the phenotype, including sexual development, adult reproductive and social strategies, and internal responses to the external environment. In social animals, including humans, the social environment is believed to be an important source of cues to which these axes may adaptively respond. The effects of early social environments on the HPA axis have been widely studied in humans, and to some extent, in other primates, but there are still major gaps in knowledge specifically relating to males. There has also been relatively little research examining the role that social environments play in developmental programming of the HPG axis or the HPA/HPG interface, and what does exist disproportionately focuses on females. These topics are likely understudied in males in part due to the difficulty of identifying developmental milestones in males relative to females and the general quiescence of the HPG axis prior to maturation. However, there are clear indicators that early life social environments matter for both sexes. In this review, we examine what is known about the impact of social environments on HPG and HPA axis programming during male development in humans and nonhuman primates, including the role that epigenetic mechanisms may play in this programming. We conclude by highlighting important next steps in this research area.
Utility of decision tools for assessing plant health risks from management strategies in natural environments
Authors: Donald Flora , Hedges Carrie , Purse Bethan V. , Cunniffe Nik J. , Green Sarah , Asaaga Festus A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreased imports of plants and timber through global trade networks provide frequent opportunities for the introduction of novel plant pathogens that can cross‐over from commercial to natural environments, threatening native species and ecosystem functioning. Prevention or management of such outbreaks relies on a diversity of cross‐sectoral stakeholders acting along the invasion pathway. Yet, guidelines are often only produced for a small number of stakeholders, missing opportunities to consider ways to control outbreaks in other parts of the pathway. We used the infection of common juniper with the invasive pathogen Phytophthora austrocedri as a case study to explore the utility of decision tools for managing outbreaks of plant pathogens in the wider environment. We invited stakeholders who manage or monitor juniper populations or supply plants or management advice to participate in a survey exploring their awareness of, and ability to use, an existing decision tree produced by a coalition of statutory agencies augmented with new distribution maps designed by the authors. Awareness of the decision tree was low across all stakeholder groups including those planting juniper for restoration purposes. Stakeholders requested that decision tools contain greater detail about environmental conditions that increase host vulnerability to the pathogen, and clearer examples of when management practices implicated in pathogen introduction or spread should not be adopted. The results demonstrate the need to set clear objectives for the purpose of decision tools and to frame and co‐produce them with many different stakeholders, including overlooked groups, such as growers and advisory agents, to improve management of pathogens in the wider environment.
Restoration age affects microbial‐herbaceous plant interactions in an oak woodland
Authors: Brant Rachel A. , Edwards Christine E. , Reid John Leighton , Bassüner Burgund , Delfeld Brad , Dell Noah , Mangan Scott A. , de la Paz Bernasconi Torres Victoria , Albrecht Matthew A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn degraded ecosystems, soil microbial communities (SMCs) may influence the outcomes of ecological restoration. Restoration practices can affect SMCs, though it is unclear how variation in the onset of restoration activities in woodlands affects SMCs, how those SMCs influence the performance of hard‐to‐establish woodland forbs, and how different woodland forbs shape SMCs. In this study, we quantified soil properties and species abundances in an oak woodland restoration chronosequence (young, intermediate, and old restorations). We measured the growth of three woodland forb species when inoculated with live whole‐soil from young, intermediate, or old restorations. We used DNA metabarcoding to characterize SMCs of each inoculum treatment and the soil after conditioning by each plant species. Our goals were to (1) understand how time since the onset of restoration affected soil abiotic properties, plant communities, and SMCs in a restoration chronosequence, (2) test growth responses of three forb species to whole‐soil inoculum from restoration sites, and (3) characterize changes in SMCs before and after conditioning by each forb species. Younger restored woodlands had greater fire‐sensitive tree species and lower concentrations of soil phosphorous than intermediate or older restored woodlands. Bacterial and fungal soil communities varied significantly among sites. Forbs exhibited the greatest growth in soil from the young restoration. Each forb species developed a unique soil microbial community. Our results highlight how restoration practices affect SMCs, which can in turn affect the growth of hard‐to‐establish forb species. Our results also highlight that the choice of forb species can alter SMCs, which could have long‐term potential consequences for restoration success.
Linking anatomical and histological traits of the digestive tract to resource consumption and assimilation of omnivorous tetra fishes
Authors: Neves Mayara Pereira , Amorim João Paulo de Arruda , Delariva Rosilene Luciana , Kratina Pavel , Fialho Clarice Bernhardt 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores the interplay between digestive tract traits, food intake, and assimilation in omnivorous tetra fishes (Psalidodon bifasciatus, P. aff. gymnodontus, and Bryconamericus ikaa) from the Iguaçu River basin, an ecologically significant region known for high endemism. We hypothesize that variations in digestive tracts across species would be associated with differences in diet, isotopic composition in fish tissues, and overall diet assimilation. To test this, we employed stereoscopic and light microscopy to characterize the gross anatomy, histomorphology, and histochemistry of fish digestive tracts. Additionally, we used stomach content and stable isotope analyses to trace fish diets. While these tetra fishes shared histological structures, disparities were noted in anatomical digestive traits and diet preferences. The smallest species, B. ikaa, with a shorter intestine, had fewer pyloric caeca and primarily consumed animal‐based diets. Conversely, P. bifasciatus and P. aff. gymnodontus, with longer intestines, displayed numerous pyloric caeca and consumed a balanced mix of animal and plant items. Despite anatomical and dietary differences, all three species predominantly assimilated animal‐origin food. The tetra fishes had histological variations among digestive tract segments, with the esophagus having the thickest muscular layer, gradually thinning towards the posterior intestine. The final portion of the intestine exhibited a significant expansion in the lumen perimeter, while the esophagus had the smallest lumen area. Goblet cells were most concentrated in the posterior intestine for all species. The gross anatomy of these tetra fishes aligns with their omnivorous habit, while diet assimilation was dominated by animal‐origin food. These findings provide crucial insights into the structural and tissue characteristics of their digestive systems, laying the groundwork for deeper exploration into the physiological aspects of their digestive tracts and enhancing our understanding of their feeding strategies.
Dam‐induced difference of fish habitat distribution in the fluctuating backwater zone of the Three Gorges Dam
Authors: Wang Li , Xie Qingrong , Yang Shengfa , Xu Guanbing , Yang Wei , Hu Jiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChanges in fish habitat induced by dam construction in the downstream river have been well documented in an increasing body of literature. Fish habitats in the backwater zone of dams have undergone dramatic changes, which have still remained poorly understood. This study aims to provide a more complete understanding of fish habitat distribution and clarify fish habitat utilization patterns in the upstream dam in order to adopt effective remediation activities. This study was conducted in the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) as it is the world's largest installed capacity hydropower station, with a backwater zone length of about 660 km. Four major Chinese carp (FMCC) were selected as target fish species, and fish habitat distribution upstream of TGD was assessed by integrating the swimming ability and environmental preference of different fish species into their critical life stages. Assessment results at different life stages of the target fish species showed that June was a critical period for spawning activities FMCC in the fluctuating backwater zone of TGD. The riverbank was an important feeding habitat for FMCC, and the high‐velocity flow in the centre of the channel exceeded the limits of the swimming ability of target fish. The fish habitat distribution in the fluctuating backwater zone of TGD was heavily affected by runoff from April to September and by dam operation from October to March of the next year. This work provide valuable information about river conservation and management in the upstream of TGD.
Regulation of B‐cell function and expression of CD11c, T‐bet, and FcRL5 in response to different activation signals
Authors: Kleberg Linn , Courey‐Ghaouzi Alan‐Dine , Lautenbach Maximilian Julius , Färnert Anna , Sundling Christopher 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCD11c, FcRL5, or T‐bet are commonly expressed by B cells expanding during inflammation, where they can make up >30% of mature B cells. However, the association between the proteins and differentiation and function in the host response remains largely unclear. We have assessed the co‐expression of CD11c, T‐bet, and FcRL5 in an in vitro B‐cell culture system to determine how stimulation via the BCR, toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9), and different cytokines influence CD11c, T‐bet, and FcRL5 expression. We observed different expression dynamics for all markers, but a largely overlapping regulation of CD11c and FcRL5 in response to BCR and TLR9 activation, while T‐bet was strongly dependent on IFN‐γ signaling. Investigating plasma cell differentiation and APC functions, there was no association between marker expression and antibody secretion or T‐cell help. Rather the functions were associated with TLR9‐signalling and B‐cell‐derived IL‐6 production, respectively. These results suggest that the expression of CD11c, FcRL5, and T‐bet and plasma cell differentiation and improved APC functions occur in parallel and are regulated by similar activation signals, but they are not interdependent.
Daphnicyclidin Alkaloids 2001–2023
Authors: Gierok Jan , Hiersemann Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Daphniphyllum alkaloids represent a particularly diverse class of complex diterpene alkaloids, which are characterized by their enormous structural diversity. The daphnicyclidins, a subgroup of these alkaloids, stand out due to their unique pentafulvene structural motif. This review article gives an overview of the compounds that have been isolated so far and can be assigned to this subgroup. Furthermore, all synthesis approaches and total syntheses published to date are presented.
A novel 2D‐electrophoresis method for the simultaneous visualization of phosphorylated and O‐GlcNAcylated proteoforms of a protein
Authors: Bulangalire Nathan , Claeyssen Charlotte , Douffi Sana , Agbulut Onnik , Cieniewski‐Bernard Caroline 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPost‐translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation and O‐N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminylation (O‐GlcNAcylation), are involved in the fine spatiotemporal regulation of protein functions, and their dynamic interplay is at the heart of protein language. The coexistence of phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAcylation on a protein leads to the diversification of proteoforms. It is therefore essential to decipher the phosphorylation/O‐GlcNAcylation interplay on protein species that orchestrates cellular processes in a specific physiological or pathophysiological context. However, simultaneous visualization of phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAcylation patterns on a protein of interest remains a challenge. To map the proteoforms of a protein, we have developed an easy‐to‐use two‐dimensional electrophoresis method with a single sample processing permitting simultaneous visualization of the phosphorylated and the O‐GlcNAcylated forms of the protein of interest. This method, we termed 2D‐WGA‐Phos‐tag‐PAGE relies on proteoforms retardation by affinity gel electrophoresis. With this novel approach, we established the cartography of phospho‐ and glycoforms of αB‐crystallin and desmin in the whole extract and the cytoskeleton protein subfraction in skeletal muscle cells. Interestingly, we have shown that the pattern of phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAcylation depends of the subcellular subfraction. Moreover, we have also shown that proteotoxic stress condition increased the complexity of the pattern of PTMs on αB‐crystallin.
Experimental analysis of acidizing in Weizhou X low permeability reservoir
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Bin , Wei Feng , Lu Hongjun , Liu Banghua , Tang Mingguang , Zhu PengYu , Wang Rui , Yan Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAiming at the problem of increased water injection pressure and poor water injection effect during the water injection operation of Weizhou X offshore low permeability oil reservoir. The cause of clogging was clarified using cast thin section experiments, water quality compatibility experiments and reservoir sensitivity experiments, and corresponding deblocking agents were configured based on the experimental results. The experimental results show that Weizhou X oilfield has strong velocity sensitivity (damage rate 85.35%) and strong salt sensitivity (damage rate 63.02%), and there is a phenomenon of water quality incompatibility. Analysis shows that the excessive velocity of the injected water causes the core particles to fall off and the water quality is incompatible with the calcium carbonate precipitation to cause pore throat blockage as the fluid migrates to the small roar, which is the main reason for the increase in water injection pressure. Based on the analysis results, the acid solution formula was optimized and determined to be: 12% HCl + 0.5% HF + 3% CH3COOH + 0.5% C6H12N4. Indoor test results show that the acid has good clay swelling prevention and reservoir modification effects, and the average reservoir modification rate is 129.21%. The plug‐removing effect is remarkable and can be promoted in similar oil fields.
Influence of metals on lignocellulolytic enzyme production and metal removal by Phlebia brevispora in a wheat straw based fixed‐bed bioreactor
Authors: Sharma Kalu Ram , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeavy metals contamination poses a significant environmental threat, which requires the development of eco‐friendly bioremediation techniques. Present research work was conducted using wheat straw in submerged conditions for the growth of white rot fungus, Phlebia brevispora in the presence of varying concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr. The lignocellulolytic enzyme production ability of fungus was monitored. A wheat straw‐based fixed‐bed bioreactor was designed to treat metal‐containing water in continuous mode. The fungus showed a positive influence on laccase production, cellulase production, and lignin peroxidase activity. As observed through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Cr removal efficiency was 78%–80%, regardless of the initial metal concentration. The Cr was also found on the surface of fungal mycelium as per the results obtained from SEM–EDX. The continuous bioreactor achieved 98%–99% metal removal, making it a natural and cost‐effective solution for metal removal from wastewater using P. brevispora.
Low‐grade epilepsy‐associated tumors: Epilepsy outcome and antiseizure medication discontinuation after lesionectomies as first‐line surgical approach in pediatric population
Authors: Bernardo Pia , Scala Maria Rosaria , Rubino Alfonso , Spennato Pietro , Mirone Giuseppe , Russo Carmela , Santangelo Pia , Covelli Eugenio , Grimaldi Giampina , D'Onofrio Vittoria , Cinalli Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate epilepsy outcome and antiseizure medication (ASM) discontinuation after lesionectomies as first surgical approach in pediatric population diagnosed with low‐grade epilepsy‐associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEATs).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study. Thirty‐six consecutive patients with histological diagnoses of LEATs who underwent surgery between 2018 and 2021 at our institution were included. The clinical and surgical data were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThirty (83.3%) of 36 patients are free of disabling seizures (Engel class I) and 19 (63,4%) of them are classified as Engel Ia. In 17 (47.2%) patients, ASM could be discontinued. The mean age at surgery was 8.6 years (±4.04) and the mean age at onset of epilepsy was 7.2 years (±3.8), whereas the mean duration of epilepsy in months at the time of surgery was 21.3 months (±23.7). The epileptogenic tumor was in the temporal lobe in 20 (55.5%) patients. Because of seizure persistence, a second or a third surgery was necessary for six patients (16.7%) and four of them had residual lesions (three in temporal and one in extratemporal site). No perioperative complications were recorded, including acute seizures, with a median hospitalization time of 7 days. Shorter epilepsy duration at time of surgery as long as a single ASM was significantly correlated with an Engel class I outcome (p‐value = .01 and p‐value = .016, respectively). Focal seizure semeiology was associated with an increased probability of antiseizure medication discontinuation (p‐value = .042).SignificanceOur findings confirm that shorter epilepsy disease duration, monotherapy before surgery, and seizure semeiology are determinant factors for a positive seizure outcome and medication discontinuation, also with less invasive surgical approaches such as lesionectomies. However, considering the intrinsic multifactorial epileptogenic nature of LEATs, a tailored surgical approach should be considered to optimize clinical and seizure outcome, especially for lesions located in the temporal lobe.
The mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy regulating Clathrin‐mediated endocytosis in epilepsy
Authors: Zhou Xuejiao , Yang Yu , Tai Zhenzhen , Zhang Haiqing , Yang Juan , Luo Zhong , Xu Zucai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine whether inhibition of mitophagy affects seizures through Clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME).MethodsPentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was intraperitoneally injected daily to establish a chronic PTZ‐kindled seizure. The Western blot (WB) was used to compare the differences in Parkin protein expression between the epilepsy group and the control group. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of MitoTracker and LysoTracker. Transferrin‐Alexa488 (Tf‐A488) was injected into the hippocampus of mice. We evaluated the effect of 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) on epilepsy behavior through observation in PTZ‐kindled models.ResultsThe methylated derivative of adenine, known as 3‐MA, has been extensively utilized in the field of autophagy research. The transferrin protein is internalized from the extracellular environment into the intracellular space via the CME pathway. Tf‐A488 uses a fluorescent marker to track CME. Western blot showed that the expression of Parkin was significantly increased in the PTZ‐kindled model (p < 0.05), while 3‐MA could reduce the expression (p < 0.05). The fluorescence uptake of MitoTracker and LysoTracker was increased in the primary cultured neurons induced by magnesium‐free extracellular fluid (p < 0.05); the fluorescence uptake of Tf‐A488 was significantly decreased in the 3‐MA group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Following hippocampal injection of Tf‐A488, both the epilepsy group and the 3‐MA group exhibited decreased fluorescence uptake, with a more pronounced effect observed in the 3‐MA group. Inhibition of mitophagy by 3‐MA from day 3 to day 9 progressively exacerbated seizure severity and shortened latency.SignificanceIt is speculated that the aggravation of seizures by 3‐MA may be related to the failure to remove damaged mitochondria in time and effectively after inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy, affecting the vesicle endocytosis function of CME and increasing the susceptibility to epilepsy.SummaryAbnormal mitophagy was observed in a chronic pentylenetetrazol‐induced seizure model and a Mg2+‐free‐induced spontaneous recurrent epileptiform discharge model. A fluorescent transferrin marker was utilized to track clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. Using an autophagy inhibitor (3‐methyladenine) on primary cultured neurons, we discovered that inhibition of autophagy led to a reduction in fluorescent transferrin uptake, while impairing clathrin‐mediated endocytosis function mediated by mitophagy. Finally, we examined the effects of 3‐methyladenine in an animal model of seizures showing that it exacerbated seizure severity. Ultimately, this study provides insights into potential mechanisms through which mitophagy regulates clathrin‐mediated endocytosis in epilepsy.
Modified EBP‐bFGF targeting endogenous renal extracellular matrix protects against renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Li Xiaoge , Shi Chunying , Zhou Runxue , Chen Xinhui , Xu Qingling , Zhao Chunyige , Ma Mengyao , Ao Xiang , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a life‐threatening disease primarily caused by renal ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, which can result in renal failure. Currently, growth factor therapy is considered a promising and effective approach for AKI treatment. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), an angiogenic factor with potent activity, efficiently stimulates angiogenesis and facilitates regeneration of renal tissue. However, the unrestricted diffusion of bFGF restricts its clinical application in AKI treatment. Therefore, developing a novel sustained released system for bFGF could enhance its potential in treating AKI. In this study, we genetically engineered a multifunctional recombinant protein by fusing bFGF with a specific peptide (EBP). EBP‐bFGF effectively binds to the extracellular matrix in the injured kidney, enabling slow release of bFGF in AKI. Furthermore, following orthotopic injection into I/R rats' ischemic kidneys, EBP‐bFGF exhibited stable retention within the tissue. Additionally, EBP‐bFGF suppressed apoptosis of renal cells, reduced renal fibrosis, and facilitated recovery of renal function. These findings suggest that EBP‐bFGF delivery system represents a promising strategy for treating AKI.