bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditional Gene Targeting in Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells
Authors: Wicksteed Barton , Brissova Marcela , Yan Wenbo , Opland Darren M. , Plank Jennifer L. , Reinert Rachel B. , Dickson Lorna M. , Tamarina Natalia A. , Philipson Louis H. , Shostak Alena , Bernal-Mizrachi Ernesto , Elghazi Lynda , Roe Michael W. , Labosky Patricia A. , Myers Martin G. , Gannon Maureen , Powers Alvin C. , Dempsey Peter J. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Conditional gene targeting has been extensively used for in vivo analysis of gene function in β-cell biology. The objective of this study was to examine whether mouse transgenic Cre lines, used to mediate β-cell– or pancreas-specific recombination, also drive Cre expression in the brain.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Transgenic Cre lines driven by Ins1, Ins2, and Pdx1 promoters were bred to R26R reporter strains. Cre activity was assessed by β-galactosidase or yellow fluorescent protein expression in the pancreas and the brain. Endogenous Pdx1 gene expression was monitored using Pdx1tm1Cvw lacZ knock-in mice. Cre expression in β-cells and co-localization of Cre activity with orexin-expressing and leptin-responsive neurons within the brain was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS
All transgenic Cre lines examined that used the Ins2 promoter to drive Cre expression showed widespread Cre activity in the brain, whereas Cre lines that used Pdx1 promoter fragments showed more restricted Cre activity primarily within the hypothalamus. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hypothalamus from Tg(Pdx1-cre)89.1Dam mice revealed Cre activity in neurons expressing orexin and in neurons activated by leptin. Tg(Ins1-Cre/ERT)1Lphi mice were the only line that lacked Cre activity in the brain.

CONCLUSIONS
Cre-mediated gene manipulation using transgenic lines that express Cre under the control of the Ins2 and Pdx1 promoters are likely to alter gene expression in nutrient-sensing neurons. Therefore, data arising from the use of these transgenic Cre lines must be interpreted carefully to assess whether the resultant phenotype is solely attributable to alterations in the islet β-cells.
Implementing a State-Based Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Vanderwood Karl K. , Hall Taryn O. , Harwell Todd S. , Butcher Marcene K. , Helgerson Steven D. ,   on behalf of the Montana Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Prevention Program Workgroup
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate weight loss and cardiometabolic risk reduction achieved through an adapted Diabetes Prevention Program intervention among adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eight health care facilities implemented a group-based lifestyle intervention beginning in 2008. Participants attended 16 weekly core sessions followed by 6 monthly after core sessions.

RESULTS
A total of 1,003 participants were enrolled, 816 (81%) completed the core and 578 (58%) completed the after core. Of participants completing the core and after core, 45 and 49% achieved the 7% weight loss goal, respectively. There were significant improvements in blood pressure, fasting glucose, and LDL cholesterol among participants completing the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate it is feasible for state-coordinated CVD and diabetes prevention programs to achieve significant weight loss and improve cardiometabolic risk.
Antidepressant Medicine Use and Risk of Developing Diabetes During the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Authors: Rubin Richard R. , Ma Yong , Peyrot Mark , Marrero David G. , Price David W. , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Knowler William C. ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
To assess the association between antidepressant medicine use and risk of developing diabetes during the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
DPP/DPPOS participants were assessed for diabetes every 6 months and for antidepressant use every 3 months in DPP and every 6 months in DPPOS for a median 10.0-year follow-up.

RESULTS
Controlled for factors associated with diabetes risk, continuous antidepressant use compared with no use was associated with diabetes risk in the placebo (adjusted hazard ratio 2.34 [95% CI 1.32–4.15]) and lifestyle (2.48 [1.45–4.22]) arms, but not in the metformin arm (0.55 [0.25–1.19]).

CONCLUSIONS
Continuous antidepressant use was significantly associated with diabetes risk in the placebo and lifestyle arms. Measured confounders and mediators did not account for this association, which could represent a drug effect or reflect differences not assessed in this study between antidepressant users and nonusers.
Reducing power and radical scavenging activity of four Parmeliaceae species
Authors: Stojanović Gordana , Stojanović Igor , Stankov-Jovanović Vesna , Mitić Violeta , Kostić Danijela 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The methanol extracts of four Parmeliaceae lichens (Hypogymnia physodes, Evernia prunastri, Flavoparmelia caperata and Parmelia sulcata) were screened for antioxidant properties and total phenol content. The H. physodes extract was the most effective at reducing iron(III) and scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, while the P. sulcata extract was the most effective in reducing molybdenum(VI) in an acidic medium. The E. prunastri and H. physodes extracts contained more Folin-Ciocalteu reagent reactive substances than the F. caperata and P. sulcata extracts. Significant activity of the H. physodes extract in DPPH and reducing Fe(III) assays suggest that this lichen can be considered as a potential source of antioxidants.
Identification of Aeromonas salmonicida in European perch from North Lithuanian rivers during mass mortalities in 2008
Authors: Skrodenytė-Arbačiauskienė Vesta , Kazlauskienė Nijolė , Vosylienė Milda , Virbickas Tomas 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The investigation was carried out to ascertain the cause of mass mortalities in European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in North Lithuanian rivers in 2008 that reached a maximum in mid-autumn at a water temperature of 6°C. Marked changes were detected in morphophysiological parameters (spleen-, gill-, liver- and heart-somatic indices), which corresponded to changes in haematological parameters (leukocyte count was significantly elevated or reduced) of the infected fish. The viable bacterial counts in the gill, liver and kidney of infected live fish samples ranged from 2.3±0.3 × 103 to 6.3×00B1;0.4 × 103 c.f.u./g. The BOX-PCR fingerprinting technique was used for characterization and identification of the isolated bacterial strains from liver and kidney of infected perch. The bacterial isolates were identified by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida has been identified as a possible causative agent of the observed mortality in European perch.
High Frequency Micropropagation of Aloe vera L. Burm. f. as a Low Cost Option Towards Commercialization
Authors: Das Anusree , Mukherjee Priyanka , Jha Timir Baran 
Published: August 2010

An efficient micropropagation protocol has been developed using shoot apical meristem as explants in a high barbaloin content 'bitter' cultivar of Aloe vera L. The protocol involves induction, multiplication and in vitro rooting of the regenerated shoots and their acclimation under ex vitro conditions. 35.5 µM BAP and 9.8 µM IBA in combination with 81.4 µM adenine sulphate proved optimum for shoot bud induction. Combination of 8.87 µM BAP and 2.46 µM IBA produced highest number of shoot buds (22.0 ± 0.14) and enhanced bud proliferation within one - two weeks after first subculture. For induction of in vitro rooting, Aloe gel as an alternative to conventional rooting medium used for the first time resulted in 100% rooting and highest number of roots per culture (10.90 ± 0.17). The plantlets were successfully hardened. Cent per cent plants survived in the field condition. Chromosomal analysis of the regenerated plantlets established a stable germplasm with 2n = 14 bimodal chromosomes. The cost effectiveness and economic viability of the protocol has also been evaluated. Key words: Aloe vera, bitter cultivar, micropropagation, cost analysis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5962 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 29-35, 2010 (June)
Micropropagation of Pogostemon cablin Benth. through Direct Regeneration for Production of True to Type Plants
Authors: Kumaraswamy M. , Anuradha M. 
Published: August 2010

Multiple shoots from nodal explants of Pogostemon cablin Benth. MS supple-mented with 0.5 mg/l BAP initiated a mean of 45.66 shoots/nodal explant. Within four weeks of initiation, regenerated multiple shoots attained a height of 3.6 cm. Subsequent transfer of these in vitro derived nodal segments onto MS supplemented with BAP and Kn ( 0.5 mg/l), induced a mean of 62.45 shoots. Higher concentration of either BAP or Kn more than 0.5 mg/l resulted in callus proliferation and showed hyperhydric shoots with morphological abnormalities. Rooting was readily achieved upon transfer of shoots on half strength MS supplemented with 100 mg/l activated charcoal. Rooted shoots, following acclimatization in greenhouse, were successfully transferred to soil with 91% survival. Also shoots regenerated in vitro were directly transplanted to soil and acclimatized. Tissue cultured plants were analyzed for oil content by employing gas chromatography and found that the patterns were similar to mother plants. This confirms the true to type nature of micropropagated plants. Key words: Micropropagation, Direct regeneration, Pogostemon cablin, organogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5971 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 81-89, 2010 (June)
Evaluation of a Noninvasive Expandable Prosthesis in Musculoskeletal Oncology Patients for the Upper and Lower Limb
Authors: Beebe Kathleen , Benevenia Joseph , Kaushal Neil , Uglialoro Anthony , Patel Neeraj , Patterson Francis 
Published: August 2010

The noninvasive expandable prosthesis is used for limb-salvage surgery following tumor resection in skeletally immature patients. The purpose of this retrospective study is to report our experience with the Repiphysis (Wright Medical Technology, Inc; Arlington, Tennessee) noninvasive expandable prosthesis for both the lower extremity and compassionate use in the upper extremity in 12 patients between 2003 and 2008.
Twelve prostheses were implanted in 12 patients with an average follow-up of 38 months (range, 12–78 months). Nine patients underwent a total of 38 expansion procedures. Mean total expansion was 4.5 cm (range, 0.8–9.9 cm). No complications of lengthening occurred. Seven nononcologic complications were noted. One infection was reported in 12 patients. The mean MSTS score after rehabilitation was 24.5 (range, 13–30).
The Repiphysis noninvasive prosthesis provides acceptable functional outcomes for both upper and lower extremity implantation and appears to have an advantage as compared to conventional expandable prosthetics, which require open procedures that can potentially increase the risk of infection from repeated hardware exposure.
Neutralization of IL-9 Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Decreasing the Effector T Cell Population
Authors: Li Hongmei , Nourbakhsh Bardia , Ciric Bogoljub , Zhang Guang-Xian , Rostami Abdolmohamad 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune disease affecting the CNS. Multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have been thought to be Th1-mediated diseases. However, recent studies provide strong evidence that the major pathogenic T cell subsets in EAE are Th17 cells. IL-9, a hematopoietic growth factor, is considered to be a mediator of Th17 cells, but the precise mechanisms of its action are largely unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the role of IL-9 in autoimmune demyelination. IL-9 blockade with anti–IL-9 mAb inhibited the development of EAE, reduced the serum levels of IL-17, the CNS mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, and the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced IL-17, IFN-γ secretion of lymphocytes. Furthermore, anti–IL-9 mAb in culture suppressed IL-17 production of MOG-reactive T cells and their potency in adoptive transfer EAE. These findings indicate that the protective effect of IL-9 blockade in EAE was likely mediated via inhibition of the development of MOG peptide-specific T cells, which in turn led to reduced infiltration of T cells into the CNS. Thus, anti–IL-9 mAb treatment may provide an effective therapeutic strategy against autoimmune diseases.
Impaired Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells by Macrophages in Chronic Granulomatous Disease Is Reversed by IFN-γ in a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Manner
Authors: Fernandez-Boyanapalli Ruby , McPhillips Kathleen A. , Frasch S. Courtney , Janssen William J. , Dinauer Mary C. , Riches David W. H. , Henson Peter M. , Byrne Aideen , Bratton Donna L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Immunodeficiency in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is well characterized. Less understood are exaggerated sterile inflammation and autoimmunity associated with CGD. Impaired recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells resulting in their disintegration may contribute to CGD inflammation. We hypothesized that priming of macrophages (Mϕs) with IFN-γ would enhance impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells in CGD. Diverse Mϕ populations from CGD (gp91phox−/−) and wild-type mice, as well as human Mϕs differentiated from monocytes and promyelocytic leukemia PLB-985 cells (with and without mutation of the gp91phox), demonstrated enhanced engulfment of apoptotic cells in response to IFN-γ priming. Priming with IFN-γ was also associated with increased uptake of Ig-opsonized targets, latex beads, and fluid phase markers, and it was accompanied by activation of the Rho GTPase Rac. Enhanced Rac activation and phagocytosis following IFN-γ priming were dependent on NO production via inducible NO synthase and activation of protein kinase G. Notably, endogenous production of TNF-α in response to IFN-γ priming was critically required for inducible NO synthase upregulation, NO production, Rac activation, and enhanced phagocytosis. Treatment of CGD mice with IFN-γ also enhanced uptake of apoptotic cells by Mϕ in vivo via the signaling pathway. Importantly, during acute sterile peritonitis, IFN-γ treatment reduced excess accumulation of apoptotic neutrophils and enhanced phagocytosis by CGD Mϕs. These data support the hypothesis that in addition to correcting immunodeficiency in CGD, IFN-γ priming of Mϕs restores clearance of apoptotic cells and may thereby contribute to resolution of exaggerated CGD inflammation.
Maslov class rigidity for Lagrangian submanifolds via Hofer’s geometry
Authors: Kerman Ely , Şirikçi Nil I. 
Published: August 2010

In this work, we establish new rigidity results for the Maslov class of Lagrangian submanifolds in large classes of closed and convex symplectic manifolds. Our main result establishes upper bounds for the minimal Maslov number of displaceable Lagrangian submanifolds which are product manifolds whose factors each admit a metric of negative sectional curvature. Such Lagrangian submanifolds exist in every symplectic manifold of dimension greater than six or equal to four.
The proof utilizes the relations between closed geodesics on the Lagrangian, the periodic orbits of geometric Hamiltonian flows supported near the Lagrangian, and the length minimizing properties of these flows with respect to the negative Hofer length functional.
Quality care in seniors with new‐onset rheumatoid arthritis: A Canadian perspective
Authors: Widdifield Jessica , Bernatsky Sasha , Paterson J. Michael , Thorne J. Carter , Cividino Alfred , Pope Janet , Gunraj Nadia , Bombardier Claire 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the percentage of seniors with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) within the first year of diagnosis.MethodsWe assembled an incident RA cohort from Ontario physician billing data for 1997–2006. We used a standard algorithm to identify 24,942 seniors with RA based on ≥2 billing codes ≥60 days apart but within 5 years. Drug exposures were obtained from pharmacy claims data. We followed subjects for 1 year, assessing if they had been exposed (defined as ≥1 prescription) to 1 or more DMARDs within the first year of RA diagnosis. We assessed secular trends and differences for subjects who had received rheumatology care (defined as ≥1 rheumatology encounter) versus those who had not.ResultsIn total, only 39% of the 24,942 seniors with new‐onset RA identified over 1997–2006 were exposed to DMARD therapy within 1 year of diagnosis. This increased from 30% in 1997 to 53% in 2006. Patients whose care involved a rheumatologist were more likely to be exposed to DMARDs than those who had no rheumatology care. In 2006, 67% of subjects receiving rheumatology care were exposed to DMARDs versus 21% of those with no rheumatology care.ConclusionImprovements in RA care have occurred, but more efforts are needed. Subjects receiving rheumatology care are much more likely to receive DMARDs as compared to those with no rheumatology care. This emphasizes the key role of rheumatologists.
Optical pH Sensor with Rapid Response Based on a Fluorescein‐Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Shi Wenying , He Shan , Wei Min , Evans David G. , Duan Xue 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe preparation of a highly oriented photoluminescent film of fluorescein (FLU) and 1‐heptanesulfonic acid sodium (HES) co‐intercalated in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) matrix by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is reported, and its application as an optical pH sensor is demonstrated. The FLU‐HES/LDH films with thickness ranging from nanometer to micrometer on indium tin oxide substrates exhibite good c‐orientation of LDH platelets (the ab‐plane of the LDH platelets parallel to the substrate), as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Polarized luminescence of the film is observed with anisotropy value r = 0.29, resulting from the highly oriented FLU in the LDH gallery. Furthermore, the optical pH sensor with film thickness of 300 nm exhibits a broad linear dynamic range for solution pH (5.02–8.54), good repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 1.5% in 20 consecutive cycles) and reversibility (RSD less than 1.5% in 20 cycles), high photostability and storage stability (ca. 95.2% of its initial fluorescence intensity remains after one month) as well as fast response time (2 s). Therefore, this work creates new opportunities for the preparation and application of LDH‐based chromophores in the field of optical sensors.
Efficient Assembly of Bridged β‐Ga2O3 Nanowires for Solar‐Blind Photodetection
Authors: Li Yanbo , Tokizono Takero , Liao Meiyong , Zhong Miao , Koide Yasuo , Yamada Ichiro , Delaunay Jean‐Jacques 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn increasing number of applications using ultraviolet radiation have renewed interest in ultraviolet photodetector research. Particularly, solar‐blind photodetectors sensitive to only deep UV (<280 nm), have attracted growing attention because of their wide applicability. Among recent advances in UV detection, nanowire (NW)‐based photodetectors seem promising, however, none of the reported devices possesses the required attributes for practical solar‐blind photodetection, namely, an efficient fabrication process, a high solar light rejection ratio, a low photocurrent noise, and a fast response. Herein, the assembly of β‐Ga2O3 NWs into high‐performance solar‐blind photodetectors by use of an efficient bridging method is reported. The device is made in a single‐step chemical vapor deposition process and has a high 250‐to‐280‐nm rejection ratio (∼2 × 103), low photocurrent fluctuation (<3%), and a fast decay time (<<20 ms). Further, variations in the synthesis parameters of the NWs induce drastic changes in the photoresponse properties, which suggest a possibility for tuning the performance of the photodetectors. The efficient fabrication method and high performance of the bridged β‐Ga2O3 NW photodetectors make them highly suitable for solar‐blind photodetection.
Longitudinal study of breastfeeding structure and women's work in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Piperata Barbara A. , Mattern Lindsey M. Gooden 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIt is well established that breast milk is the ideal food for infants and that breastfeeding has short‐ and long‐term health benefits for the mother and child. However, there is variation in breastfeeding patterns between populations. Women's work is thought to influence breastfeeding patterns and timing of supplementation and it is often assumed that women in subsistence‐oriented societies can more easily integrate their productive and reproductive activities. This article reports longitudinal data, collected in three rounds (resguardo [<40 days], peak [2–4 months], and late [14–16 months] lactation), on breastfeeding structure, infant care, and work patterns of 17 rural Amazonian women in an effort to understand how breastfeeding structure and maternal time allocation changed over time, as well as the strategies women used to integrate their productive and reproductive roles. Women breastfed 10.6 ± 3.1, 9.4 ± 3.4, and 9.6 ± 5.5 times per 9‐h period in the three rounds, respectively. Breastfeeding structure, specifically session duration, changed over time (P < 0.05). As lactation progressed, women spent less time breastfeeding and in infant care and more time in subsistence work. In peak lactation, subsistence work was negatively correlated with infant care (r = −0.4, P = 0.01), breastfeeding (r = −0.29, P = 0.05) and session duration (r = −0.39, P < 0.01) and in late lactation was negatively correlated with time spent breastfeeding (r = −0.39, P < 0.01) and in infant care (r = −0.50, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with inter‐session interval (r = 0.40, P < 0.01). Generally, women reduced time in subsistence work when breastfeeding was more intense and returned to normal activity patterns once infants were being supplemented. The costs and benefits associated with women's strategies are discussed. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature‐dependent pyrolytic product evolution profile for polypropylene
Authors: Hujuri Ujwala , Ghoshal Aloke K. , Gumma Sasidhar 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe composition of the pyrolysis products of plastics depends on disintegration of the macromolecule into variety of hydrocarbon fractions. In this work, a detailed gas chromatographic study of pyrolysis products of polypropylene (PP) between 200 and 600°C was carried out. The pyrograms have been analyzed in terms of amount of different products evolved at various pyrolysis temperatures. At low pyrolysis temperatures (200–300°C), the yield of lighter hydrocarbons (C5‐C10) is low; it gradually increases until maximum decomposition temperature (446°C) and decreases thereafter. The following reaction types were considered to explain the decomposition mechanism of PP: (a) main chain cleavage to form chain‐ terminus radicals; (b) intramolecular hydrogen transfer to generate internal radicals; (c) intermolecular hydrogen transfer to form both volatile products and radicals; and (d) β‐scission to form both volatiles and terminally unsaturated polymer chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011