bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATION OF A NEEM INSECTICIDE AGAINST ARCHIPS ROSANUS L. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: AliNiazee M.T. , Alhumeyri Amin , Saeed M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA commercial formulation of neem seed extract, Margosan-O, containing 0.3% AI azadirachtin, was tested under laboratory and field conditions against the European leafroller, Archips rosanus L. In laboratory tests, a 1% aqueous solution of neem insecticide produced 100% larval mortality within 48 h of treatment. At lower concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01%, 48-h mortality rates were reduced. Prolonged deleterious effects of sublethal treatments of neem were observed even at the lowest concentration (0.001%) tested. Mortality in the 0.1 and 0.01% treatments group reached 100% within 32–39 days after treatment. Field data showed that 3 weeks after application, 1% Margosan-O was as effective as the organophosphate insecticide diazinon and significantly more effective than the microbial insecticide Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis). Larvae exposed to higher concentrations of neem died within 48 h after feeding on treated foliage. At lower rates, feeding deterrence (including cessation of feeding) and growth regulatory effects (e.g. difficulty in molting, abnormal larval growth, and formation of malformed pupae and adults) were recorded.
WHITE SPRUCE AND THE SPRUCE BUDWORM: DEFINING THE PHENOLOGICAL WINDOW OF SUSCEPTIBILITY
Authors: Lawrence Robert K. , Mattson William J. , Haack Robert A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSynchrony of insect and host tree phenologies has often been suggested as an important factor influencing the susceptibility of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and other hosts to the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We evaluated this hypothesis by caging several cohorts of spruce budworm larvae on three white spruce populations at different phenological stages of the host trees, and then comparing budworm performance with host phenology and variation of 13 foliar traits. The beginning of the phenological window of susceptibility in white spruce occurs several weeks prior to budbreak, and the end of the window is sharply defined by the end of shoot growth. Performance was high for the earliest budworm cohorts that we tested. These larvae began feeding 3–4 weeks prior to budbreak and completed their larval development prior to the end of shoot elongation. Optimal synchrony occurred when emergence preceded budbreak by about 2 weeks. Larval survival was greater than 60% for individuals starting development 1–3 weeks prior to budbreak, but decreased to less than 10% for those starting development 2 or more weeks after budbreak and thus completing development after shoot elongation ceased. High performance by the budworm was most strongly correlated with high levels of foliar nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, copper, sugars, and water and low levels of foliar calcium, phenolics, and toughness. These results suggest that advancing the usual phenological window of white spruce (i.e. advancing budbreak prior to larval emergence) or retarding budworm phenology can have a large negative effect on the spruce budworm’s population dynamics.
NEW RECORDS OF PLANT SPECIES USED BY ADULT MONARCH BUTTERFLIESDANAUS PLEXIPPUSL. (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE: DANAINAE) DURING MIGRATION IN MEXICO
Authors: García Eduardo Rivera , Equihua Zamora Miguel E. 
Published: November 2009

DanausplexippusL. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is a cosmopolitan species, distributed in America wherever milkweed grows (Amett 1985). Its migratory phenomenon spans Canada, the United States, and Mexico and it has been considered endangered since the 1980s (IUCN 1983).Ackery and Van-Wright (1984) compiled 45 species of food plants used by immature stages and 70 species of plants attractive to adults of the Monarch butterfly. Malcolm and Brower (1986) listed 28 host plant species recorded in nature. Lynch and Martin (1993) added sixAsclepiasspecies and observed larvae on three species of milkweed vine,Sarcostemma crispumand S.cynancroidesin Texas, andCynanchum laevein Louisiana.
EFFICACY OF AERIAL APPLICATIONS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER AND TEBUFENOZIDE AGAINST THE EASTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: West R.J. , Thompson D. , Sundaram K.M.S. , Sundaram A. , Retnakaran A. , Mickle R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe formulated product of the insect-molting hormone analog, tebufenozide (MIMIC 240LV), and two aqueous formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, ABG6387 and ABG6414, were aerially applied over prethinned commercial stands of balsam fir infested with the eastern hemlock looper. MIMIC® was applied once at the rate of 65.1 g active ingredient (ai) in 1.86 L/ha and twice at the rate of 33.4–35.4 g ai in 1.91–2.02 L/ha. The formulations of B. thuringiensis were applied twice at rates of 19.3–24.1 billion International Units (BIU) in 1.54–1.93 L/ha for ABG6387 and 33.2–36.0 BIU in 1.67–1.80 L/ha for ABG6414.Nine of the 10 plots treated with the single application of MIMIC showed reductions resulting from treatment, ranging from 3 to 93% within 9–11 days and 8 to 100% after 3 weeks. Plots treated twice with the lower dosage of MIMIC generally had larval population reductions of over 50% within 9–11 days of treatment and over 60% 3 weeks after treatment. For both treatments with MIMIC, plots with poor efficacy were clearly associated with low foliar deposition of the active ingredient. Overall, the results suggest that deposits of tebufenozide of less than 1.5 μg/g foliage do not give acceptable control of hemlock looper. Pupal population reductions resulting from treatment ranged from 8 to 99% for plots treated with the single application and 76 to 100% for plots treated twice at the half-dosage. Ground assessments of defoliation occurring after treatment ranged from 10 to 51% (year-old foliage) and 0 to 16% (current-year foliage) for the plots treated once, and 1 to 33% (year-old foliage) and 0 to 8% (current-year foliage) for the plots treated twice at the half-dosage. Thirty-five to 65% of year-old foliage and 15–39% of current-year foliage was defoliated in untreated check plots.Reductions resulting from treatment by ABG6387 ranged from 27 to 91% 10 days after the first application, from 73 to 99% 8 days after the second application, and from 90 to 100% for pupae. Plots treated with ABG6414 had larval population reductions from 76 to 93% 10 days after the first application and from 98 to 100% 7 days after the second application. No pupae were recovered in the plots treated with ABG6414. Defoliation assessed from ground level was less than 5% in the plots treated with ABG6387 and ABG6414 compared with defoliation of 10–29% of year-old foliage and 8–12% defoliation of current-year foliage in the check plots.
BIOLOGY OFAPHODIUS HYXOSPETROVITZ (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEOIDEA: APHODIIDAE) AND DESCRIPTION OF THE THIRD LARVAL STAGE
Authors: Verdú J.R. , Lumaret J.P. , Galante E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAphodius hyxosPetrovitz, 1962 was reared in the laboratory and the third-stage larva is described and illustrated. The third-stage larvae and life histories ofAphodius granarius(L.), 1767 andA. hyxosare compared. Adults ofA. hyxosare active from late autumn until early spring, whereas adults ofA. granariusare active chiefly from early spring to late summer. The larvae of both species may be separated by differences in the distribution of setae on the raster, the shape of the anal lobes, and the size and number of holes in the respiratory plate.
TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF THE NEW WORLD POGONINI (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Bousquet Yves , Laplante Serge 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEight species are recognized within the New World fauna of the tribe Pogonini:Thalassotrechus barbarae(Horn, 1892),Ochtozetus bicolor(Brullé, 1843),Ochtozetus inexspectatussp.nov. (type locality: Santa Isabel, Mato Grosso, Brazil),Diplochaetus rutilus(Chevrolat, 1863),Diplochaetus megacephalussp.nov. (type locality: Bottomless Lakes State Park, New Mexico),Diplochaetus emaciatusBates, 1891,Diplochaetus planatus(Horn, 1876) [new combination] andPogonus texanusChaudoir, 1868. Two names are listed for the first time in synonymy:Pogonus parallelusLeConte, 1874 (=Pogonus leconteiHorn, 1876) withDiplochaetus rutilus(Chevrolat, 1863) andDiplochaetus desertusVan Dyke, 1953 withDiplochaetus emaciatus(Bates, 1891). Lectotypes are selected forTrechus barbaraeHorn, 1892,Pogonus emaciatusBates, 1891 andPogonus depressusLeConte, 1874. A key to the species, illustrations of the most important characters and distributional maps of most species are included.
IMPACT OF EMIGRATING SEED CHALCID,MEGASTIGMUS SPERMOTROPHUSWACHTL(HYMENOPTERA: TORYMIDAE), ON SEED PRODUCTION IN A DOUGLAS-FIR SEED ORCHARD IN FRANCE AND MODELLING OF ORCHARD INVASION
Authors: Jarry Marc , Candau Jean-Noël , Roques Alain , Ycart Bernard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe invasion of a Douglas-fir seed orchard by host-specific seed chalcids immigrating from the surrounding plantations of Douglas-fir has been monitored for a 10-year period. The orchard cone crop was entirely harvested every year to prevent the establishment of a resident chalcid population. Over the 10 years the percentage of infested seeds resulting from the immigration of seed chalcids ranged from 0.88 to 91.0%. A model to forecast the importance of annual seed orchard infestation by immigrating populations is proposed. This model is based on passive diffusion of females emerging in the surrounding plantations with a downwind drift. Only a few plantations located within a radius of 5 km from the orchard appeared to contribute significantly to orchard infestation. Settlement of Douglas-fir orchard in regions with low density of conspecific trees and annual harvest of cones are suggested to limit the importance and regularity of seed chalcid damage.
EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON CALLING BEHAVIOUR OF THE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR L. (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Webster R. P. , Yin C.-M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFemale gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), exhibited a distinct calling rhythm at 17 °C, with peak calling ca. 4.0 h before the beginning of scotophase and minimal calling at or near the onset of the photophase (4.0 h). The rhythm persisted under continuous darkness (DD) and is thus circadian. The duration of calling in DD was shorter than that under a 16 h L: 8 h D photoperiodic regime. In contrast, under continuous light (LL) females called continuously and no overt rhythm was observed. Individuals kept under LL from the beginning of the pupal stage exhibited a distinct calling rhythm following a transfer to DD. The influence of temperature on the calling rhythm of L. dispar differed from most other species of moths studied to date. At lower temperature the onset of calling occurred later than at higher temperatures. The duration of the calling period increased from 11.1 h at 9 °C to continuous calling at 35 °C. The responses of females to temperature changes made at different times during the calling period suggest that the timing of calling in L. dispar does not depend on absolute temperature level.
OVIPOSITION PREFERENCES OF LYGUS LINEOLARIS (PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON FOUR BRASSICA AND TWO SINAPIS SPECIES (BRASSICACEAE) IN FIELD CAGES
Authors: Gerber G.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe oviposition preferences of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) were studied on Brassica carinata A. Braun, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L., Sinapis alba L. (high glucosinolates), Sinapis alba L. (low glucosinolates), and Sinapis arvensis L. in a choice test during a 14-day period in field cages. Host-plant discrimination occurred on at least two levels. The first level occurred at the generic level; ovipositing females first selected species of Sinapis on which to lay eggs and later laid on species of Brassica. On species of Sinapis, 80% or more of the total number of eggs were laid during days 1–6, whereas only 35–58% were laid during this period on species of Brassica. The second level occurred at the species level in both Brassica and Sinapis. In Brassica, significantly more eggs were laid on B. carinata and B. napus than on B. juncea; in Sinapis, significantly more eggs were laid on S. alba (high glucosinolates) than on S. arvensis. The numbers of eggs did not differ significantly among B. carinata, B. napus, and S. alba (high glucosinolates). The numbers of eggs on B. rapa and S. alba (low glucosinolate) were not significantly different from those on the other five Brassica and Sinapis hosts tested. Host-plant selection seemed to be unaffected by glucosinolate levels in the seed of S. alba.
EVALUATION OF NEEM SEED EXTRACT FOR CONTROL OF THE SPRUCE APHID,ELATOBIUM ABIETINUM(WALKER) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Partridge Marian J. , Borden John H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn extract from seeds of the neem tree,Azadirachta indicaA. Juss, enriched with azadirachtin, was evaluated in three experiments for control of the spruce aphid,Elatobium abietinum(Walker), on potted spruce trees in a greenhouse. The extract in Exps. 1 and 2 was first applied in February 1993 when spruce aphid populations were initially low; populations were observed weekly for 15 weeks. In Exp. 1, foliar applications to the runoff point of 150 ppm azadirachtin applied three times (biweekly) held populations below 5.3 aphids per 6-cm twig samples; populations on trees treated at 75 ppm, or with emulsifier only, reached 32.2 and 26.9 aphids per sample, respectively. With five weekly applications (Exp. 2), suppression to < 14 aphids per sample was achieved with both 150- and 75-ppm treatments; populations on control trees peaked at 36.8 aphids per sample. The extract at 150 ppm in Exp. 3 significantly reduced the number of aphids on trees that initially had high populations. The results indicate that neem has potential for operational use against aphids in conifer seed orchards.
RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES IN POPULATIONS OF FRANKUNIELLA OCCIDENTALIS (PERGANDE) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) FROM GREENHOUSES IN THE NIAGARA REGION OF ONTARIO
Authors: Broadbent A.B. , Pree D.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractResistance was documented in 1995 to commonly used organophosphorus, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides in populations of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), from six commercial greenhouses in Ontario. Adult female thrips were placed in glass vials treated with technical-grade insecticides and mortality at 18 h was compared with a single discriminating concentration, the computed LC99 of a reference laboratory population. Baseline dose–response regressions for insecticides commonly used in Ontario greenhouses were obtained for the laboratory population of western flower thrips. The organophosphorus compounds chlorpyrifos and malathion and the carbamates methomyl and bendiocarb were the most toxic materials tested; whereas the pyrethroid deltamethrin and a phosphoroamidate acephate were the least toxic. The addition of piperonyl butoxide to solutions of deltamethrin was highly synergistic. The mixture of deltamethrin and endosulfan (1:1) was moderately synergistic. Populations of western flower thrips from commercial greenhouses were resistant to deltamethrin, but deltamethrin mixed with piperonyl butoxide or endosulfan was synergistic in all cases. None of the populations were resistant to all of the insecticides tested. Recommendations are presented for the development of a resistance-management strategy for western flower thrips.
LE CHOIX DE LA DIRECTION DES TRAJETS ENTRE FLEURS DES BOURDONS (BOMBUS) BUTINEURS
Authors: Plowright Catherine , Cantin-Plante Nathalie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn a laboratory experiment on the decision rule underlying the avoidance of flower revisitation by foraging bumble bees (Bombus impatiens), artificial flowers were arranged in two rows. For each flower visited, the choice was either to travel straight ahead onto a flower in the same row or to change direction and choose a flower in the other row. The distance between rows was manipulated to be smaller than, equal to, or greater than the distance between flowers in the same row. When the distances between adjacent flowers within a row and between rows were equal, a significant tendency to travel straight ahead was observed. This tendency was sensitive to changes in distance between rows, even when the distances between rows far exceeded the distance between flowers within a row. The tendency was abolished when the distance between rows was smaller than the distance between flowers within a row. A significant alternation of the bumble bee between rows (zigzag path) was observed in only one condition: when not only the distance between rows was much smaller than the distance between flowers in the same row, but also when the rows were staggered such that the bee could alternate between rows while still travelling in an almost straight line. These results show that the two variables of distance and angle are integrated, and that the choices made by bumble bees do not reflect a simple rule. Future research on tradeoffs is suggested.
REVIEW OF THE MYRMECOPHILOUS PTOMAPHAGUS, SUBGENUS ECHINOCOLEUS (NEW STATUS), OF NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: LEIODIDAE: CHOLEVINAE: PTOMAPHAGINI)
Authors: Peck Stewart B. , Gnaspini Pedro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe here give Echinocoleus new ranking as a subgenus of Ptomaphagus. Ptomaphagus (Echinocoleus) acutus sp.nov. is described from the southeastern United States (Alabama, Georgia, Florida). It is the most plesiotypic member of a group in which all other species live in the western United States and (probably) adjacent Mexico. All are myrmecophilous with Pogonomyrmex and Aphaenogaster (= Novomessor) harvester ants. A phylogenetic analysis is given for the subgenus. The main synapomorphies of Echinocoleus, which are mostly interrelated with myrmecophily, are reduction of body length and broadening of elytra, reduction of antennal length, verticalization of mesocoxal insertion, reduction of mesosternal carina, body with a golden pubescense, and a pointed projection at the end of the spermatheca.
TIMEMA BARTMANI (PHASMATOPTERA: TIMEMATODEA: TIMEMATIDAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Vickery Vernon R. , Sandoval Cristina P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTimema bartmani sp.nov. is described from San Bernardino County, California. Both sexes are known. Males show relationship with Timema podura Strohecker. Females closely resemble Timema tahoe Vickery. Timema bartmani may be the sexual ancestor of the parthenogenetic T. tahoe.
CASSIDA AZUREA FAB. (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE): HOST SPECIFICITY AND ESTABLISHMENT IN CANADA AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT AGAINST THE WEED SILENE VULGARIS (MOENCH) GARCKE
Authors: Peschken D.P. , Declerck-Floate R. , McClay A.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCassida azurea Fab. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was studied as an agent to control the weed bladder campion, Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae). To supplement previously published data on the beetle’s host range, additional no-choice experiments were conducted. First-stage larvae were offered seven plant species related to bladder campion. Only one adult male developed on Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. China Doll and one female on Lychnis × haageana Lem. This female did not produce eggs when it continued to feed on L. × haageana. In tests with adults, oogenesis occurred only if fed with bladder campion, and one laid one egg while feeding on Gypsophila pacifica Kom. First-stage larvae did not develop to adults on three native North American Silene spp., but two adults developed on three other native species. Based on results from these experiments and reports in the literature, it was concluded that C. azurea has a very narrow host range and permission for field releases was granted in 1989. Releases were made in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta from 1989 to 1993. Cassida azurea survived from 3 to 6 years and was considered established at 8 of the 18 release sites in the three provinces but has not yet increased to densities sufficient to reduce bladder campion populations.
REPLACEMENT OF BOMBUS MUSCORUM BY BOMBUS PASCUORUM IN NORTHERN BRITAIN
Authors: Plowright C.M.S. , Plowright R.C. , Williams Paul H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecords of bumble bees from four collecting trips (1977, 1978, 1988, and 1994) in northern Britain show apparent changes in the incidences of two species. Until 1988, Bombus muscorum (Linnaeus) and Bombus pascuorum (Scopoli) were found in the counties of Cumbria, Durham, and North Yorkshire. Only B. muscorum was found in the Orkney Islands in 1978. In 1994, however, B. pascuorum was found abundantly in all of these areas, and in the Orkney Islands we could find only a single B. muscorum. From these data, B. pascuorum appears to have been replacing B. muscorum in some parts of northern Britain.
EFFECT OF HOST AND NONHOST TREES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)
Authors: Nicol R.W. , Arnason J.T. , Helson B. , Abou-Zaid M.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarval growth and pupal parameters of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) reared on the foliage of two host trees (Populus tremuloides Michx. and Acer saccharum Marsh.) and one nonhost tree (Acer rubrum L.) were quantified. This was achieved by undertaking a larval development bioassay under controlled laboratory conditions, but using fresh leaves collected in two field seasons. Larvae fed foliage of P. tremuloides grew exponentially and began to pupate after 3 weeks. Larvae fed with A. saccharum gained significantly less weight and had a reduced number of larvae pupate, and the pupae weighed significantly less than their counterparts fed on P. tremuloides. All larvae that were fed the foliage of A. rubrum died within 2 weeks. A nutritional utilization bioassay with fourth-instar larvae revealed that the foliage of A. saccharum has a growth-inhibitory component, whereas that of A. rubrum is antifeedant. Reasons are discussed for the discrepancy between the many reports of A. saccharum being a food host for M. disstria in the field and the laboratory results.
WEEVIL PHYSIOLOGY CONTROLS THE FEEDING RATES OF PISSODES STROBI ON PICEA SITCHENSIS
Authors: Sahota T.S. , Manville J.F. , Peet F.G. , Ibaraki A. , White E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe number and volume of feeding and oviposition holes made by female white pine weevils, Pissodes strobi (Peck), on lateral branches of resistant and susceptible Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., were determined. When all possible effects of weevil reproduction on feeding rates were eliminated, by using reproductively noncompetent weevils, there was no significant difference in the number of feeding holes made on the two host types. In addition, the volume of feeding holes was unaffected by host type on day 1. In contrast, when differential reproductive activity was induced by treating weevils with juvenile hormone, and the host factor was eliminated, by using only the susceptible host, higher reproductive activity was accompanied by a significantly larger number of feeding holes. Hormone treatment also led to an increase in the volume of feeding holes in the absence of any influence of host factors. Results are interpreted in relation to the direct effects of host resistance on feeding rates (which determine host acceptability) and the indirect effects of host resistance on feeding rates mediated through the physiology of the weevils (which determine host suitability). Our results show that both the number of feeding holes and their volume are determined primarily through weevil metabolism.