bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Internest Dispersal byCrataerina pallida(Diptera: Hippoboscidae)
Authors: Walker M D , Rotherham I D 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe dispersal of the nest parasite Crataerina pallida Latreille 1812 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), between nests of their common swift, Apus apus (Aves: Apodidae), hosts is reported for the first time. Adult parasites were marked, and their presence in other nests determined. More than 10% of marked parasites were found in nests other than those in which they were originally marked, indicating that such dispersal is frequent. Because the supposed lack of dispersal of this parasite between common swift hosts that are unrelated has been used to account for its apparent avirulence upon hosts, this discovery has important implications for understanding of this host—parasite system and parasitic virulence. New explanations accounting for its apparent lack of virulence may be required. The results of this preliminary study indicate avenues for more in-depth research of this and other host—parasite systems.
Development and Reproduction of the LacewingsDichochrysa flavifronsandDichochrysa zelleri(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Fed on Two Prey Species
Authors: Pappas M L , Broufas G D , Tsarsitalidou O K , Koveos D S 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe lacewings Dichochrysa flavifrons (Brauer) and Dichochrysa zelleri (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are considered as important biological control agents, and mass rearing is a prerequisite for their use in biological control programs. We evaluated the effect of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs that are widely used for mass rearing other chrysopids and the nymphs of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on the development and reproduction of D. flavifrons and D. zelleri at 25°C and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Preimaginal development of D. flavifrons and D. zelleri was significantly shorter when their larvae were fed on E. kuehniella eggs than on A. pisum nymphs. In D. flavifrons, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was higher when larvae were fed on E. kuehniella eggs than on A. pisum nymphs. By contrast, in D. zelleri rm was higher when larvae were fed on A. pisum nymphs than on E. kuehniella eggs. The differences in development and reproduction among the two tested species when their larvae were fed on different prey could be of importance for their mass rearing and use in biological control.
Determining Diets of Ladybird Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Contents of Frass
Authors: Davidson L Nicole , Evans Edward W 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAmong the methods to evaluate field diets of insect predators is frass analysis. The potential of this infrequently used method was explored for determining prey consumption by adult ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., fields. A laboratory experiment revealed that at 20°C, within 48 h after consumption of prey [either pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), or larvae of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)], almost all prey fragments had been voided by adults of five ladybird beetle species commonly occurring in Utah alfalfa fields. Among the five ladybird beetle species, aphid and weevil fragments were detected in frass of 80–95 and 29–73% of adults, respectively. A second laboratory experiment with adults of the most common of these predators (the introduced Coccinella septempunctata L.) more fully identified and enumerated diagnostic fragments for specific types of prey (aphids, weevil larvae, and conspecific larvae) as they occurred in frass. Frass pellets from the consumption of alfalfa weevil and conspecific larvae most often contained diagnostic cuticle and setae, and less often mandibles and head capsules. Frass from the consumption of pea aphids most often contained antennae and legs, and less often mouthparts, eyes, and tarsal claws. These laboratory results provide a foundation for using and interpreting the results of frass analysis as a technique to assess field diets of aphidophagous ladybird beetles in alfalfa.
Multiple Mating, Fecundity, and Longevity in Female Northern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Relation to Body Size
Authors: French B Wade , Hammack Leslie 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDiabroticite corn rootworms are significant maize, Zea mays L., pests that have evolved resistance to cultural and chemical management methods. Transgenic maize synthesizing a rootwormtoxic protein originating from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is an important new management technology. Its use requires a refuge of nontransgenic maize to delay evolution of resistance by generating susceptible beetles capable of copulating with any resistant individuals surviving on the transgenic crop. The evolution of such resistance may concurrently influence a variety of fitness-related characters. Here, we examined multiple mating by female Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in relation to the following fitness-related traits: female longevity, fecundity, and body size of males and females at the first copulation. For the first copulation, large and small males were reciprocally paired to large and small females for comparison with average-sized beetles. Once-mated females were then maintained under conditions conducive to oviposition and paired with averaged-sized males at weekly intervals until death. Although female age at second copulation varied significantly with size category, female age at first copulation, longevity and fecundity did not. Females that mated multiple times lived longer and laid more eggs than did those that mated once. The results suggest that resistance management models may need to consider those females deriving fitness benefits from a second mating.
Inheritance of Traits Mediating a Major Host Shift by a Seed Beetle,Callosobruchus maculatus(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
Authors: Messina Frank J , Jones Jake C 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe genetic basis by which insects adapt to novel host plants is poorly understood, in part because genetic changes that accompany host-range expansions often cannot be distinguished from those that occurred well after the shift. We examined the inheritance of traits mediating rapid adaptation to a poor host by the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). For an Asian beetle population, larval survival in lentil, Lens culinaris Medikus, was initially ≈1%, but three separate mass-selection experiments produced lines with &gt;80% survival in &lt;20 generations. Each lentil-adapted line (L1–3) was then crossed with the ancestral line (M) from which it had been recently derived. Survival in the parental lines was extremely divergent: &gt;90% in all L lines versus 0% in the M line. Survival of reciprocal F1 and F2 progeny suggested additive (intermediate) inheritance, with a small dominance deviation toward the M-line parent (in the L1 cross) or the L-line parent (in the L2 and L3 crosses), and no evidence of sex-linkage or cytoplasmic effects. Progeny from backcrosses to the M line survived at a much lower rate than would be expected by additive inheritance, but the survival of L1-backcrossed progeny was consistent with simple additivity. A potential explanation for this asymmetry is that larvae deriving 75% of their genes from the M line only rarely reach a threshold of enzymatic activity needed to detoxify lentil seeds. Two other fitness components, egg-to-adult developmental time and adult mass, also were intermediate in hybrids, but quantitative comparisons were precluded by a lack of M-line adults emerging from lentil. Additive expression of initially rare alleles can account for rapid colonization of a marginal host.
Evaluation of Aphid Resistance Among Sugarcane Cultivars in Louisiana
Authors: Akbar W , Showler A T , Beuzelin J M , Reagan T E , Gravois K A 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum L.) in Louisiana is colonized by the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), and the yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes). Five commercial sugarcane cultivars, ‘LCP 85-384′, ‘HoCP 91-555′, ‘Ho 95-988′, ‘HoCP 96-540′, and ‘L 97-128′, representing &gt;95% of Louisiana's sugarcane-growing area, were assessed under southern Louisiana field conditions for numbers of the two aphid species. Biweekly sampling during 2007 and 2008 growing seasons indicated cultivar and time effects on aphid frequency. Aphid population peaks occurred during June and July and then crashed. M. sacchari was more abundant than S. flava on almost all cultivars and on all sampling dates during both years of the study. HoCP 91-555 was found to be the most resistant compared with the susceptible Ho 95-988 and L 97-128 cultivars. HoCP 91-555 might be useful in areas of high aphid pressure, and as a source of resistance in cultivar development programs.
Review of Mileewine Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Mileewinae) in Madagascar, with Description of Seven New Species
Authors: Krishnankutty Sindhu M , Dietrich Christopher H 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The leafhopper subfamily Mileewinae was previously known in Madagascar from a single species, Ujna flavidipes Distant, also recorded from Seychelles. Study of samples from a recently completed Arthropod biodiversity inventory in Madagascar revealed seven new, apparently endemic species distinguishable based on external and genitalia characters and all referable to the genus Ujna Distant based on the present definition of the genus: Ujna variabilis sp. nov., Ujna bimaculata sp. nov., Ujna affinis sp. nov., Ujna trishula sp. nov., Ujna acuta sp. nov., Ujna alba sp. nov., Ujna rostrata sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Ujna flavidipes Distant is redescribed and illustrated. Three informal species groups are proposed. A key to the males of Ujna from Madagascar is presented. A key to world genera of Mileewinae and a morphological comparison of Ujna with other genera also are provided. Two new placements of genera are proposed: Processina Yang, Deitz & Li is transferred from tribe Cicadellini to Mileewini (Mileewinae) placement n. and Archeguina Young is transferred from Mileewini to Cicadellini (Cicadellinae) placement n.
Taxonomic Status of Two Species of Andricus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) Described by Shinji (1940, 1941) as Gall Inducers on Cyclobalanopsis
Authors: Wachi Nakatada , Ide Tatsuya , Abe Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Andricus shirakashii Shinji, 1940 and Andricus shirokashicola [sic] Shinji, 1941 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) were described from leaf galls on the evergreen oak, Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) myrsinifolia Blume [Japanese: shirakashi], but their assignment to oak gall wasps (tribe Cynipini) has long been considered enigmatic. These species are in fact inquiline gall wasps that were described as gall-inducing wasps. Because the morphological characteristics of these species are typical of the genus Ufo (tribe Synergini), we transfer A. shirakashii and A. shirokashicola to this inquiline genus. Due to the loss of the type specimens of each species, the neotypes are here designated and the two species are redescribed.
Egg-Dumping Behavior is Not Correlated with Wider Host Acceptance in the Seed Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
Authors: Messina Frank J , Fox Charles W 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
If typical host plants are absent, some herbivorous insects “dump” eggs on unsuitable substrates, even though this can cause complete larval mortality and reduced maternal life span. In the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), the tendency to dump eggs varies genetically both within and between populations. A previous study hypothesized that egg-dumping behavior facilitates host-range expansions, and suggested that such expansions have served to maintain “dumper” genotypes in beetle populations. We tested this hypothesis in two experiments. For both African and Asian beetle populations, full-sib females from &gt;60 families were split among three treatments: no seeds, a less-preferred novel host, and a preferred host. Within each population, we found no correlation among families between the tendency to dump eggs and the tendency to accept the novel host. We also compared egg dumping between selection lines that had adapted to a novel host and a line that had remained on the ancestral host. Females from lines that had evolved greater acceptance of the novel host did not dump more eggs if hosts were absent. Thus, neither experiment supported the host-range expansion hypothesis. Egg distributions on the preferred host in the first experiment provided weak support for a more proximate explanation: family-level variation in the tendency to dump eggs is inversely related to the tendency to avoid superparasitism of seeds. Such a relationship is also evident in comparisons between populations. Given the considerable short-term costs of egg dumping, we suggest that the host-range expansion hypothesis requires unrealistically high frequencies of host deprivation and subsequent host shifts in C. maculatus.
Song Analysis Reveals a Permanent Population of the Mediterranean LacewingChrysoperla agilis(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Living in Central Alaska
Authors: Henry Charles S , Brooks Stephen J , Johnson James R , Wells Marta M , Duelli Peter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractChrysoperla agilis Henry et al. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a widespread, nomadic lacewing in the carnea group of cryptic species. C. agilis has previously been found only in the warm parts of Europe, western Asia, and a few oceanic islands. Like others of the carnea group, C. agilis is identifiable only by its unique courtship song. Recently, a population with by the C. agilis song was discovered in central Alaska; based on its persistence over several years and its distribution over a wide area near Fairbanks, it seems to be permanent rather than transitory. To assess the relationship of this Western Hemisphere population to C. agilis in the Eastern Hemisphere, we 1) analyzed its courtship song, comparing it to the Eurasian song; 2) compared larval and adult morphology of Alaskan and Eurasian specimens; 3) inferred phylogenetic relationships of Alaskan and Eurasian specimens, by using sequences from the cox2 gene; and 4) crossed Alaskan with European individuals, raising their progeny and analyzing their “hybrid” songs. Alaskan C. agilis generally fell within the range of variation of Eurasian individuals for all acoustic and morphological traits, and their hybrid progeny were also acoustically indistinguishable. Phylogenetically, and despite current geographical isolation, Alaskan individuals clustered with Eurasian C. agilis rather than with Western Hemisphere taxa of the carnea group. We conclude that the Alaskan population is a bona fide member of C. agilis. Examination of the geographical pattern of song variation suggests that dispersal to Alaska took place quite recently in a west to east direction, via eastern Asia and the Bering Strait.
A Study on Alkali Consumption Regularity in Minerals of Reservoirs During Alkali(NaoH)/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Wei Jianguang , Tao Jianwen , Xin Shuzhen , Zhang Qingjie , Zhang Xin , Wang Zhiming 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In the process of oil displacement of ASP (Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer) flooding, when Alkali interacts with the fluid and minerals of the reservoir, the alkali is subject to be consumed. The consumption regularity is the key factor affecting ASP ingredient, injection plan, scaling regularity for production wells and oil displacement effectiveness. Therefore to study the alkali consumption is of great significance in guiding ASP ingredient, injection project design, and the analysis for oil displacement mechanism. In this paper, aiming at the main components of minerals in the reservoir in Daqing Oilfield, the laboratory study on static alkali consumption for five kinds of minerals (kaolinite, grundite, chlorite, feldspar and quartz) in ASP system and single component NaOH solution are done respectively. The alkali consumption regularities for five kinds of minerals in ASP and single component NaOH solution are concluded.
The research indicates that the amount of alkali consumption for kaolinite, grundite, chlorite, feldspar and quartz is changing from larger to less accordingly, but is mainly caused by clay minerals; the average alkali consumption is 18.3% higher than that by matrix minerals. In single component NaOH solution, the alkali consumption styles of clay minerals and the matrix minerals take the chemical reaction as the lead, and the physical adsorption as the second. In ASP system solution, the alkali consumption style of clay minerals, takes the physical adsorption as the lead, and of matrix minerals takes the chemical reaction as the lead. In ASP solution, compared with single component solution, polymer and surfactant have the functions of restraint to alkali consumption in minerals of the reservoir, and the amount of alkali consumption decreases evidently.
The Performance of Polymer Solution Added with Viscosity Stabilizer and The Evaluation of Its Oil Displacement Efficiency in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Xin Shuzhen , Zhang Qingjie , Wei Jianguang , Chen Ying , Wang Rongjiu , Wang Jingbo , Wang Zhiming 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Aiming at the low viscosity of polymer solution, which is compounded with fresh water but diluted with produced water, and at the problems concerning oil displacement efficiency, an onsite test on polymer solution with viscosity stabilizer (PSVS) is carried out. As a result, it has great and guiding significance to the application and popularization of viscosity stabilizer by studying the performance of polymer solution with viscosity stabilizer and its influence on oil displacement efficiency. In this paper, aiming at two different kinds of polymer solutions among which one is compounded with fresh water but diluted with fresh produced water and the other with aerated produced water, two laboratory evaluative tests concerning viscosity stabilization, anti-shear stability, fluidity, and absorbability of polymer solution as well as its oil displacement efficiency are done. The results of onsite application of PSVS are traced and analyzed.
The viscosity stabilization of the polymer solution adding with viscosity stabilizer becomes much better than that of the normal polymer solution. The resistance and the residual resistance factors, the static oil sand adsorption rate and the dynamic core adsorption rate of the solution are all increased markedly. The working viscosity and oil displacement efficiency are improved markedly as well. In comparison with the polymer solution diluted with fresh produced water, the polymer solution diluted with aerated produced water is much better in terms of viscosity stabilization. Comparing with the normal polymer solution with viscosity stabilizer before sheared, the polymer solution which is sheared before adding with viscosity stabilizer performs obviously better in terms of viscosity stability. In contrast to the adjacent block injected with normal polymer solution, the block under onsite flooding test with injection of PSVS features that the average injection pressure increases slightly but keeps steady, the recovery speed of the average monthly water cut of production wells slows down, the thickness of the absorptive layers increases, and the periodic recovery rate improves as well.
Laboratory Tests with CO2, N2 and Lean Natural Gas in a Naturally Fractured Gas-Condesate Reservoir under HP/HT Conditions
Authors: Gachuz-Muro Heron , Gonzalez-Valtierra Bianca , Luna-Rojero Erick , Aguilar-Lopez Berenice , Pineda-Muñoz Armando 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The study of gas-condensate reservoirs has been a fruitful field of research in the last years because of their peculiar behaviour. Gas cycling is the recovery process of choice for gas-condensate reservoirs but this process can often not be implemented because of economic reasons. Nitrogen is a potential alternative injection gas. Nevertheless, this has also disadvantages. The application of these processes is more complex in the offshore sites.
This paper describes laboratory studies performed to evaluate the effectiveness of some gases (CO2, N2, lean natural gas) in displacing condensate from naturally fractured gas-condensate reservoirs (offshore field). Numerous hurdles had to be overcome. The experiments represented the behavior of a reservoir under HP/HT conditions, 334 °F and 8455 psia. The results of CO2 and natural depletion showed little difference in their ability to recover condensate. The natural gas raised the recovery of the light fraction, but, by contrary, the addition of N2 made evident to be less effective than the rest.
The residual saturations and condensate recovery were measured and the results are presented. The detailed analyses revealed that natural gas seems to have been more effective in recovering condensate. Under these conditions, condensate recovery will significantly increase if the lean natural gas is injected. The answers are in agreement with the simulation model.
The conclusions are relevant to the overall management of gas-condensate reservoir. These experiments will serve as a guideline to develop the long term corporate strategy to improve additional recoveries in Mexico.
Assessment of Development Methods for a Heavy-Oil Sandstone Reservoir in Middle East: Part II: Numerical Evaluation of Thermal Recovery Methods in a Hetrogenos System
Authors: Alajmi Hifaa , King Peter R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA combination of growing energy demand, declining performance of conventional oil fields and attractive oil prices have renewed interests in both the heavy oil resources and the methods of exploiting them. However, their low mobility precludes relying on natural drive mechanisms for their extraction. Given that there are a very large number of EOR methods and to accelerate decision-making, a relatively simple screening procedure has been developed and implemented. Several simulation runs were conducted, investigating the effects of petrophysical properties and operating variables on performances of thermal and non-thermal flood processes. Then, a detailed economic analysis was performed to assess the economic feasibility of each recovery process/scenario. This work has contributed significantly toward our understanding of the mechanisms of thermal injection in high permeability heavy oil reservoir. This is critical in the decision on the applicability of thermal recovery methods and its field application success.
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Reservoir: An Experimental Study
Authors: Gao Chang Hong 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Many successful field cases of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) method have been reported for sandstone reservoirs. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of MEOR method in UAE carbonate reservoirs. Two Bacillus strains were incubated at temperatures from 35 to 55°C, and their effects on crude oil properties and recovery were tested. It was discovered that neither strain could effectively reduce crude oil viscosity. Bacteria solutions were subsequently injected into a glass Hele-Shaw model to simulate microbial flooding in a fracture. It was observed that both strains grown under 45°C achieved maximum enhanced recovery of over 13%. Core flooding tests were conducted at elevated temperature of 70°C with limestone core. The two strains achieved enhanced oil recovery of more than 4.5%, respectively. The observation on core flooding test indicated selective plugging as the dominant recovery mechanism. Even though the recovery test results were positive, an analysis shows that MEOR method is not cost-effective. Therefore, MEOR technology may have limited potential in UAE carbonate reservoirs.