bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volcanic and Tectonic Constraints on the Evolution of Venus
Authors: Ghail Richard C. , Smrekar Suzanne E. , Widemann Thomas , Byrne Paul K. , Gülcher Anna J. P. , O’Rourke Joseph G. , Borrelli Madison E. , Gilmore Martha S. , Herrick Robert R. , Ivanov Mikhail A. , Plesa Ana-Catalina , Rolf Tobias , Sabbeth Leah , Schools Joe W. , Gregory Shellnutt J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurface geologic features form a detailed record of Venus’ evolution. Venus displays a profusion of volcanic and tectonics features, including both familiar and exotic forms. One challenge to assessing the role of these features in Venus’ evolution is that there are too few impact craters to permit age dates for specific features or regions. Similarly, without surface water, erosion is limited and cannot be used to evaluate age. These same observations indicate Venus has, on average, a very young surface (150–1000 Ma), with the most recent surface deformation and volcanism largely preserved on the surface except where covered by limited impact ejecta. In contrast, most geologic activity on Mars, the Moon, and Mercury occurred in the 1st billion years. Earth’s geologic processes are almost all a result of plate tectonics. Venus’ lacks such a network of connected, large scale plates, leaving the nature of Venus’ dominant geodynamic process up for debate. In this review article, we describe Venus’ key volcanic and tectonic features, models for their origin, and possible links to evolution. We also present current knowledge of the composition and thickness of the crust, lithospheric thickness, and heat flow given their critical role in shaping surface geology and interior evolution. Given Venus’ hot lithosphere, abundant activity and potential analogues of continents, roll-back subduction, and microplates, it may provide insights into early Earth, prior to the onset of true plate tectonics. We explore similarities and differences between Venus and the Proterozoic or Archean Earth. Finally, we describe the future measurements needed to advance our understanding of volcanism, tectonism, and the evolution of Venus.
Combining Savage and Laplace: a new approach to ambiguity
Authors: Diedrich Ralf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a new representation of preference orderings for the study of ambiguity-related decision-making. The central feature is a preference-based decomposition of subjective probabilities that provides information about inherent ambiguity. The probability decomposition is combined with a utility function reflecting the decision-maker’s attitude toward ambiguity. The proposed theory generalizes Savage’s SEU and allows for a straightforward measurement of ambiguity and ambiguity aversion while keeping concepts for measuring risk and risk attitudes unaffected. For the measurement of ambiguity, concepts of probability theory can be used since decision acts can be interpreted as two-dimensional probability distributions. The proposed measure of ambiguity aversion exploits the properties of the utility function in the same way as the Arrow/Pratt measure of risk aversion.
Digitally Scaffolded Vulnerability: Facebook’s Recommender System as an Affective Scaffold and a Tool for Mind Invasion
Authors: Figà-Talamanca Giacomo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractI aim to illustrate how the recommender systems of digital platforms create a particularly problematic kind of vulnerability in their users. Specifically, through theories of scaffolded cognition and scaffolded affectivity, I argue that a digital platform’s recommender system is a cognitive and affective artifact that fulfills different functions for the platform’s users and its designers. While it acts as a content provider and facilitator of cognitive, affective and decision-making processes for users, it also provides a continuous and detailed amount of information to platform designers regarding users’ cognitive and affective processes. This dynamic, I argue, engenders a kind of vulnerability in platform users, structuring a power imbalance between designers and users. This occurs because the recommender system can not only gather data on users’ cognitive and affective processes, but also affects them in an unprecedentedly economic and capillary manner. By examining one instance of ethically problematic practice from Facebook, I specifically argue that rather than being a tool for manipulating or exploiting people, digital platforms, especially by their underlying recommender systems, can single out and tamper with specific cognitive and affective processes as a tool specifically designed for mind invasion. I conclude by reflecting how the understanding of such AI systems as tools for mind invasion highlights some merits and shortcomings of the AI Act with regards to the protection of vulnerable people.
Human and camel cystic echinococcosis – a polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA for its serodiagnosis with molecular identification
Authors: Maher A. , Toaleb N. I. , Shaapan R. M. , Aboelsoued D. , Salman M. B. , Zaky S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCystic echinococcosis (CE) is an emergent neglected disease affecting human and animals in Egypt with a wide distribution and incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the use of a polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA in the detection of Echinococcus granulosus antigen in human and camel sera. Hydatid cyst protoscoleces antigen (PsAg) was isolated from hydatid cysts collected from naturally infected camel livers and lungs. PsAg was used for immunization of rabbits to raise IgG polyclonal antibodies (IgG PsAb). IgG PsAb were then precipitated, purified using Protein-A Sepharose gel and labeled with horseradish peroxidase enzyme. We assayed the purity of the IgG PsAb, and the two prepared E. granulosus antigens CPsAg from camel cysts and HPsAg from human cysts by Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The resulted protein bands of the prepared CPsAg appeared at different molecular weights: 180, 90, 68, 54, 42 and 22 kDa while, HPsAg shared with it in 4 common bands at 68, 54, 42, and 22 kDa. The purified IgG PsAb had been resolved at two bands at 52 kDa and at 32 kDa. Sandwich ELISA were performed for the detection of circulating E. granulosus antigens in sera of human (n = 183) and camels (n = 190). The purified IgG PsAb showed strong reactivity against E. granulosus infected human and camel samples and no cross reactivity neither with free-healthy negative sera nor with others parasitic diseases (Schistosomiasis, Fascioliasis, Toxoplasmosis, Ancylostomiasis for human samples and Fascioliasis, ticks’ infestation, Eimeriosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Nasal myiasis, Toxoplasmosis for camel samples). The sensitivity of the assay was 98.25% (56/57) and 96.9% (31/32) against human and camel samples, respectively. Specificity was 100% in both human and camel samples. Sandwich ELISA detected CE in 33.3% (24/72) and 55.6% (50/90) random human and camel samples, respectively. Indirect ELISA, using CPsAg, was used for detection of antibodies in positive human and camels’ sera and detected 96.5% (55/57) and 93.8% (30/32) of human and camel samples, respectively. In our study, Genomic DNA was extracted from protoscoleces fluid of human liver hydatid cysts to identify the Echinococcus sp. isolate based on NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NAD1) gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the isolate (GenBank: OP785689.1) were identified as E. granulosus sensu lato genotype. In conclusion, Sandwich ELISA technique was found to be a potent and sensitive assay for detection of hydatid antigen in both human and camel samples.
Reduction of the harmful NOx pollutants emitted from the ship engines using high-pressure selective catalytic reduction system
Authors: Bayramoğlu Kubilay , Yılmaz Semih , Nuran Mustafa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVarious techniques are used to reduce harmful pollutants such as NOX emissions from ships. Selective catalyst reduction (SCR) systems are the most effective technique used to reduce NOX emissions. In this study, the effects of an SCR reactor on NOX emissions and performance in high-pressure selective catalytic reduction (HP-SCR) systems were investigated numerically. In numerical studies, the effects of SCR system diameter, output form, catalyst activation energy, mixing zone length, and location were investigated as parametric, and the most suitable system geometry was determined. The effects of geometric parameters and catalyst type on emission and performance such as NOX reduction, NH3 slip, velocity, and pressure loss were investigated. It was determined that with increasing system diameter, whereas the NOX reduction performance increased depending on exhaust velocity, the pressure drop decreased, and the most suitable system diameter was determined as 780 mm. Furthermore, the obtained results showed that the performance of NOX reduction decreased after 2 × 106 kJ/kmol activation energy, and the most suitable SCR output form was conical geometry. In terms of the environment, this study will contribute to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals such as climate action (SDG 13).
The effects of a firm’s internationalization, age, and environmental turbulence on the capabilities that comprise strategic agility
Authors: de Diego Ruiz Enrique , Almodóvar Paloma , Birkinshaw Julian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates a largely unexplored area by examining how internationalization, firm age, and environmental turbulence influence the key components of strategic agility, namely strategic sensitivity, leadership unity, and resource fluidity. Although these factors have been identified as potential catalysts for strategic agility, their specific impacts on strategic agility’s core capabilities have yet to be thoroughly explored. Our research aims to bridge this gap, providing a nuanced understanding of how each of these variables shapes the strategic agility of a firm. The study uses the empirical research of 220 Spanish firms in the service sector and then adopts partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyze the data. Our findings indicate that internationalization has a dual effect on strategic agility: internationalization enhances strategic sensitivity, reflecting improved environmental awareness, but it diminishes leadership unity, illustrating the complexities of global leadership alignment. Additionally, an increase in firm age is associated with a decrease in all the aspects of strategic agility. By contrast, environmental turbulence positively impacts each dimension of strategic agility, suggesting that turbulent conditions can indeed promote the adaptability and responsiveness of a firm.
Problematic Online Behaviours among University Students and Associations with Psychological Distress Symptoms and Emotional Role Limitations: A Network Analysis Approach
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández Magdalena , Borda-Mas Mercedes , Rivera Francisco , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVery little research has simultaneously explored the interactions between generalized problematic internet use (GPIU), problematic social media use (PSMU), problematic online gaming (POG), psychological distress, and emotional well-being among university students. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine (i) the associations between GPIU, PSMU, and POG symptoms, (ii) whether symptoms of these three problematic online behaviours form distinct entities, and (iii) whether there are associations between problematic online behaviours, psychological distress symptoms, and emotional role limitations using network analysis. A total of 807 Spanish university students participated (57.7% female; Mage = 21.22 years [SD = 3.68]). Two network models were computed. Network 1 showed a complex interaction of nodes, with particularly strong connections between analogous symptoms of GPIU and PSMU. Symptoms organised into distinct dimensions, featuring a unique dimension for POG symptoms, one that includes preoccupation and a conflict symptom of GPIU, and two other dimensions with symptoms of GPIU and PSMU. Network 2 showed significant connections between GPIU and depression, GPIU and emotional role limitations, PSMU and anxiety, PSMU and emotional role limitations, POG and depression, and POG and anxiety. The findings support the conceptualization of GPIU as a nonspecific disorder, the independence of PSMU and POG as distinct constructs, and aligning with perspectives that separate POG from the GPIU spectrum. The study reinforces the model of compensatory internet use and emphasizes the impact of problematic online behaviours on emotional well-being. The findings have practical implications for the assessment and intervention of problematic online behaviours.
A Price Too High: Injury and Assault among Delivery Gig Workers in New York City
Authors: Laskaris Zoey , Hussein Mustafa , Stimpson Jim P. , Vignola Emilia F. , Shahn Zach , Cohen Nevin , Baron Sherry 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe occupational health burden and mechanisms that link gig work to health are understudied. We described injury and assault prevalence among food delivery gig workers in New York City (NYC) and assessed the effect of job dependence on injury and assault through work-related mechanisms and across transportation modes (electric bike and moped versus car). Data were collected through a 2022 survey commissioned by the NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection among delivery gig workers between October and December 2021 in NYC. We used modified Poisson regression models to estimate the adjusted prevalence rate ratio associations between job dependence and injury and assault. Of 1650 respondents, 66.9% reported that food delivery gig work was their main or only job (i.e., fully dependent). About 21.9% and 20.8% of respondents reported being injured and assaulted, respectively. Injury and assault were more than twice as prevalent among two-wheeled drivers, in comparison to car users. Fully dependent respondents had a 1.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20, 2.16) and a 1.36 (95% CI 1.03, 1.80) times greater prevalence of injury and assault, respectively, than partially dependent respondents after adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, language, employment length, transportation mode, and weekly work hours. These findings suggest that fully dependent food delivery gig workers, especially two-wheeled riders, are highly vulnerable to the negative consequences of working conditions under algorithmic management by the platforms. Improvements to food delivery gig worker health and safety are urgently needed, and company narratives surrounding worker autonomy and flexibility need to be revisited.
Convex Representation of Metabolic Networks with Michaelis–Menten Kinetics
Authors: Taylor Josh A. , Rapaport Alain , Dochain Denis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolyhedral models of metabolic networks are computationally tractable and can predict some cellular functions. A longstanding challenge is incorporating metabolites without losing tractability. In this paper, we do so using a new second-order cone representation of the Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The resulting model consists of linear stoichiometric constraints alongside second-order cone constraints that couple the reaction fluxes to metabolite concentrations. We formulate several new problems around this model: conic flux balance analysis, which augments flux balance analysis with metabolite concentrations; dynamic conic flux balance analysis; and finding minimal cut sets of networks with both reactions and metabolites. Solving these problems yields information about both fluxes and metabolite concentrations. They are second-order cone or mixed-integer second-order cone programs, which, while not as tractable as their linear counterparts, can nonetheless be solved at practical scales using existing software.
Bedrohte Eltern-Kind-Bindung auf der Neonatologie
Authors: Freiburghaus Nadine , Stähli Miléna , Eissler Andrea Barbara , Zumstein-Shaha Maya 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Frühgeborene Kinder brauchen oft längere Betreuung auf einer Neonatologie und sind daher von Eltern getrennt. Förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren für den Eltern-Kind-Bindungsaufbau aus Sicht der Eltern und der Fachpersonen sind kaum beschrieben.

Methoden
Dafür wurde eine qualitative Studie in einem universitären Zentrumsspital der Schweiz mit betroffenen Eltern und Fachpersonen durchführt. Die Eltern (7 Frauen, 2 Männer) wurden mittels Einzel- und Zweierinterviews durchgeführt. Den Fachpersonen (n = 125) wurde der Fragebogen FINC-na online zum Ausfüllen zugesendet. Zusätzlich wurden Interviews mit ausgewählten Fachpersonen durchgeführt (12 Frauen, 2 Männer). Transkribierte Interviewdaten wurden inhaltlich und thematisch analysiert. Soziodemografische und FINC-na-Daten wurden mit R statistisch behandelt.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden n = 9 einzelne Eltern (7 Frauen, 2 Männer) befragt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die Eltern ihre Rolle finden müssen und sich fühlen, als lebten sie in zwei Welten. Fast die Hälfte der angeschriebenen Fachpersonen (45 %) füllten die Online-Version des FINC-na komplett aus. Zusätzlich wurden n = 14 Personen (12 Frauen, 2 Männer) in Einzel- und Gruppeninterviews befragt. Für die Fachpersonen war der Umgang mit anwesenden Eltern herausfordernd, insbesondere bei knappen personellen Ressourcen.

Schlussfolgerung und Fazit für die Praxis
Der Gesundheitszustand des Kindes und strukturelle Gegebenheiten beeinflussen den Bindungsaufbau. Auf Neonatologien sollten Möglichkeiten für körperliche elterliche Nähe regelmäßig und oft gefunden werden. Ebenso ist nötig, dass die Eltern in der selbständigen Versorgung des Kindes gefördert werden. Dabei ist es unumgänglich, dass Fachpersonen eine positive Haltung zum Einbezug der Eltern entwickeln.
Ecology of emergency care in lower-tier
healthcare providers in Ghana: an empirical data-driven Bayesian network analytical
approach
Authors: Afrifa-Yamoah Ebenezer , Nunfam Victor Fannam , Kwanin Bernard Agyei , Frimpong Kwasi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe healthcare landscape in Ghana is primarily composed of lower-tier
providers, which serve as the initial point of contact for most medical emergencies.
This study aimed to assess the emergency care preparedness and readiness of primary
healthcare providers using a robust evaluation approach. A multicentre retrospective
cross-sectional study was conducted on 460 healthcare facilities using the
standardised Health Facilities Emergency Preparedness Assessment Tool (HeFEPAT). Data
were analysed via Bayesian Belief network. Emergency preparedness was associated with
facility location, type, ownership, and in-charge personnel. Over 70% of facilities
lacked specialised emergency/critical care personnel. Although 65% of in-charges
reported protocol knowledge, only 7.8% could execute cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 90%
of facilities lacked onsite defibrillators, and over 80% had no cerebrovascular accident
medications. Road traffic accident protocols were largely unavailable, with an
estimated 53% probability of lacking such protocols. Private-owned facilities were more
likely to lack protocols for road traffic accidents (76% vs 20% probability) and general
acute care (62% vs 32%) compared to government-owned facilities. Significant gaps in
emergency preparedness were identified across the studied health facilities, indicating
limited capacity to manage critical situations effectively. Urgent investments in
emergency medicine training, essential resources, and evidence-based protocols are
needed. Standardised emergency preparedness assessments should be implemented for
accreditation and quality improvement. Further research can inform the development of
national guidelines and targeted interventions to strengthen emergency response
capacities.
33 Praxis-Tipps für müde Eltern, um über den Tag zu kommen
Authors: Schlarb Angelika A. , Landwehr Janna , Prehn-Kristensen Alexander , Paditz Ekkehart , Quante Mirja , Schneider Barbara 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Viele Eltern berichten, nach der Geburt ihres Kindes übermüdet zu sein und Schwierigkeiten zu haben, den Alltag zu bewältigen. Dies betrifft vor allem erstgebärende Mütter. Schlafmangel und Schlafschwierigkeiten gelten als Risikofaktor für viele Beeinträchtigungen wie Depression, Aggressivität, Abnahme der Beziehungsqualität und Kindeswohlgefährdung. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher, eine Reihe an Verhaltensempfehlungen für Eltern zu geben, um einer möglichen Gefährdung der eigenen Person oder des Kindes entgegenzuwirken.

Methode
In einem interdisziplinären Team wurden basierend auf der gegenwärtigen Literatur sowie der klinischen Expertise die Empfehlungen formuliert, reflektiert und diskutiert.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden insgesamt 33 Verhaltensempfehlungen für müde Eltern formuliert, die sich auf die Person selbst, die Partnerschaft und Familie, den Abend und die Nacht sowie die Arbeit beziehen. Die Empfehlungen sind vor allem für Eltern jüngerer Kinder geeignet.

Diskussion
Mithilfe der hier formulierten Empfehlungen sollen alltagsnahe Hilfen geschaffen werden, um Eltern niederschwellig Unterstützung zukommen zu lassen. Solche Tipps können als Selbsthilfemaßnahmen, als Basis für eine Schlafberatung sowie für eine weiterführende ausführliche Behandlung dienen.
Sleep help-seeking behavior of parents with children with insomnia—what counts!
Authors: Zschoche Maria , Kübler Andrea , Schlarb Angelika Anita 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Insomnia in children is common and causes many mental health problems. Nevertheless, only little is known about influencing factors for sleep help-seeking behavior of parents with children with insomnia.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the duration and severity of insomnia in children as well as to assess the influence of additional mental disorders on insomnia duration and severity. The influence of a child’s insomnia duration and severity on parental sleep help-seeking behavior was examined.

Materials and methods
Patients at three German outpatient sleep clinics were evaluated. A self-developed parental sleep interview according to the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) criteria was conducted for each child. Additionally, information about insomnia severity and duration, the number of sleep help-seeking efforts, and mental disorders were retrieved from the family registration form.

Results
A total of 175 children (4–11 years) with a mean insomnia duration of 54 months were included. Insomnia severity was high, with no differences between children with and without comorbid mental disorders. Most parents (88.6%) had made efforts to seek sleep-related help for their child’s insomnia before contacting one of our outpatient sleep clinics. Pediatricians are the most frequently consulted professionals for child sleep problems. Insomnia severity ratings significantly correlated with the number of times professional help had been sought, but not with the number of self-help efforts. Insomnia duration was not correlated with any of the help-seeking measures.

Conclusion
Insomnia severity, but not insomnia duration, is associated with help-seeking behavior in parents. In the current sample, most parents sought professional help from their pediatrician beside their own efforts to elicit change. In sum, there were no differences between children with and without comorbid mental disorders, neither in terms of insomnia duration nor for insomnia severity. It seems necessary to promote awareness of the consequences of insomnia in children and therefore support earlier parental help-seeking behavior.