bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite markers in the octoploid Lepidium meyenii (Brassicaceae) and cross‐species amplification in Lepidium
Authors: Hasan Nabeeh A. , Mummenhoff Klaus , Quiros Carlos F. , Tay C. David , Bailey C. Donovan 
Published: September 2010

• Premise of the study: As a crop and medicinal plant, the octoploid Andean endemic Lepidium meyenii suffers from taxonomic uncertainty. Few molecular markers are available to genotype individuals or track gene flow in wild and cultivated material.• Methods and Results: Using available sequence data, eight cpSSR primer pairs were developed for L. meyenii. Levels of polymorphism checked in 56 individual L. meyenii, including cultivated and wild material, revealed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from three to five, and intrapopulation allele frequencies ranged from 0.071 to 1.0. Polymerase‐chain‐reaction screens using our cpSSR primers in 27 other Lepidium species and three Coronopus species suggested a high degree of interspecific amplification.• Conclusions: These polymorphic cpSSR markers should prove useful in characterizing genetic variation among cultivated and wild L. meyenii. Additionally, interspecific amplifications suggest that these markers will be useful for the study of related taxa.
L'intelligence investie par les familles.
Authors: Lignier Wilfried 
Published: September 2010

Résumé En France, depuis les années 1990, un nombre grandissant de parents s'investissent dans la « précocité intellectuelle », c'est-à-dire donnent du sens et du poids dans leurs pratiques et dans leurs conceptions éducatives au fait qu'un ou plusieurs de leurs enfants aient un quotient intellectuel supérieur à 130. Cet article vise à rendre compte des conditions sociales de cet investissement. On montre d'une part que les ressources économiques et culturelles dont disposent les familles importent, mais que jouent sans doute aussi la proximité culturelle à la psychologie et la distance à la nécessité scolaire. On montre d'autre part que l'opportunité de l'« investissement de l'intelligence » est à relier à des stratégies scolaires efficaces, qui sont nécessaires pour donner une véritable consistance sociale au diagnostic de précocité.þ
Eosinophilic ascites due to severe eosinophilic ileitis
Authors: Setia Namrata , Ghobrial Peter , Liron Pantanowitz 
Published: September 2010

Background:
There is a broad etiology for effusion eosinophilia that includes allergic, reactive, infectious, immune, neoplastic, and idiopathic causes. We report and describe the cytomorphologic findings of a rare case of eosinophilic ascites due to severe eosinophilic ileitis.

Case Presentation:
A 17-year-old male manifested acutely with eosinophilic ascites due to severe biopsy-proven subserosal eosinophilic ileitis. Isolated peritoneal fluid submitted for cytologic evaluation revealed that 65% eosinophils were present in a bloody background. The patient responded to corticosteroids, with complete resolution of his ascites.

Conclusion:
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with subserosal involvement should be added to the list of causes for eosinophils in peritoneal fluid. The finding of eosinophilic ascites, with appropriate clinical and laboratory findings, may warrant the need to perform laparoscopic intestinal biopsies to confirm the diagnosis.
The Work of David Gottlieb: A Success Story
Authors: Gustafsson Bertil 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article is a brief survey of David Gottlieb’s extraordinary research career. It is impossible to give a thorough presentation of all his research and the impact of his work, but we shall describe the main contributions and give examples of the results in some of his papers. David was for many years the dominating person in the development of spectral methods, and we devote much of the space in this article to this field.
Constraint Preserving Schemes Using Potential-Based Fluxes I. Multidimensional Transport Equations
Authors: Mishra Siddhartha , Tadmor Eitan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe consider constraint preserving multidimensional evolution equations. A prototypical example is provided by the magnetic induction equation of plasma physics. The constraint of interest is the divergence of the magnetic field. We design finite volume schemes which approximate these equations in a stable manner and preserve a discrete version of the constraint. The schemes are based on reformulating standard edge centered finite volume fluxes in terms of vertex centered potentials. The potential-based approach provides a general framework for faithful discretizations of constraint transport and we apply it to both divergence preserving as well as curl preserving equations. We present benchmark numerical tests which confirm that our potential-based schemes achieve high resolution, while being constraint preserving.
Reduction of Linear Systems of ODEs with Optimal Replacement Variables
Authors: Solomonoff Alex , Don Wai Sun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this exploratory study, we present a new method of approximating a large system of ODEs by one with fewer equations, while attempting to preserve the essential dynamics of a reduced set of variables of interest. The method has the following key elements: (i) put a (simple, ad-hoc) probability distribution on the phase space of the ODE; (ii) assert that a small set of replacement variables are to be unknown linear combinations of the not-of-interest variables, and let the variables of the reduced system consist of the variables-of-interest together with the replacement variables; (iii) find the linear combinations that minimize the difference between the dynamics of the original system and the reduced system. We describe this approach in detail for linear systems of ODEs. Numerical techniques and issues for carrying out the required minimization are presented. Examples of systems of linear ODEs and variable-coefficient linear PDEs are used to demonstrate the method. We show that the resulting approximate reduced system of ODEs gives good approximations to the original system. Finally, some directions for further work are outlined.
Avoiding Extinction: Equal Treatment of the Present and the Future
Authors: Chichilnisky Graciela 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEqual treatment for the present and the future was required in two axioms introduced in the articles by Chichilnisky of the years 1996 and 1997. These articles provide a characterization of the decision criterion that satisfies the axioms and shows that the two axioms are equivalent to physical limits in the long-run future. The author proves that maximizing discounted utility with a long-run survival constraint is equivalent to maximizing a criterion that treats equally the present and the future. The equal treatment axioms are therefore the essence of sustainable development. The “weight”λgiven to the long-run future is here identified with the marginal utility of the environmental asset along a path that narrowly misses extinction. An existence theorem is also provided for optimizing according to the welfare criterion that treats equally the present and the future. The author shows that no prior welfare criteria satisfy the axioms for sustainable development introduced in her article of the year 1996.
Globalisation as a ‘Good Times’ Phenomenon: A Search-Based Explanation
Authors: Edwards T. Huw 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Globalisation is associated with long periods of sustained economic growth and credit expansion, whereas major recessions tend to lead to falling trade and protectionism. The sensitivity of trade to global economic conditions is not simply driven by policy: rather, in a model of costly search, firms who are engaged in a searching process are very sensitive to changing economic circumstances. In turn, this causes protectionism to be partly endogenous, since optimal noncooperative tariffs can be high during periods when the sensitive, searching firms have exited the market.
In Their Own Words: Displaced Children's Educational Recovery Needs After Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Peek Lori , Richardson Krista 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:Children may experience psychological, physical, and educational vulnerability as the result of a disaster. Of these 3 vulnerability types, educational vulnerability has received the most limited scholarly attention. The 2 primary objectives of this research are to describe what forms of educational support displaced children said that they needed after Hurricane Katrina and to identify who or what facilitated children's educational recovery.Methods:This article draws on data gathered through participant observation and interviews with 40 African American children between the ages of 7 and 18 years who relocated to Colorado with their families after Hurricane Katrina.Results:In the first year following Hurricane Katrina, more than 75% of the children in the sample experienced a decline in grades. In subsequent years, the children reported greater satisfaction with their schools in Colorado and their overall educational experience. The children identified their teachers, peers, and educational institutions as playing the most significant role in their recovery.Conclusion:Through offering a child-centric perspective, this study expands prior research on postdisaster educational recovery.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S63-S70)
Olefins, Higher
Authors: Lappin G. R. , Nemec L. H. , Sauer J. D. , Wagner J. D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHigher olefins are versatile chemical intermediates for any number of important industrial and consumer products. These uses can be characterized by carbon number and by chemical structure. The even numbered carbon alpha olefins (C4‐C30) are especially useful. There are six commercial processes that oligomerize ethylene to alpha olefins. Four of these produce a wide distribution of linear alpha olefins.The most important commercial processes are: the two‐step Ziegler stoichiometric process (INEOS); the one‐step Ziegler process (Chevron‐Phillips (CP) Chemicals; the Shell higher olefins process (SHOP), and the Idemitsu process. Other processes are discussed. The main hazard associated with these olefins is their low flash point. The principal uses of these olefins are as comonomer in polyethylene production, in the production of poly(alpha‐olefins), in production of plasticizer alcohols, in oil field drilling fluids, and in the preparation of detergent alcohols.
Self‐Assembly of Hyperbranched Polymers and Its Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhou Yongfeng , Huang Wei , Liu Jinyao , Zhu Xinyuan , Yan Deyue 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHyperbranched polymers (HBPs) are highly branched macromolecules with a three‐dimensional dendritic architecture. Due to their unique topological structure and interesting physical/chemical properties, HBPs have attracted wide attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, the recent developments in HBP self‐assembly and their biomedical applications have been comprehensively reviewed. Many delicate supramolecular structures from zero‐dimension (0D) to three‐dimension (3D), such as micelles, fibers, tubes, vesicles, membranes, large compound vesicles and physical gels, have been prepared through the solution or interfacial self‐assembly of amphiphilic HBPs. In addition, these supramolecular structures have shown promising applications in the biomedical areas including drug delivery, protein purification/detection/delivery, gene transfection, antibacterial/antifouling materials and cytomimetic chemistry. Such developments promote the interdiscipline researches among surpramolecular chemistry, biomedical chemistry, nano­technology and functional materials.
Current status of pediatric umbilical cord blood transplantation in Korea: A multicenter retrospective analysis of 236 cases
Authors: Yoo Keon Hee , Lee Soo Hyun , Sung Ki Woong , Koo Hong Hoe , Chung Nak Gyun , Cho Bin , Kim Hack Ki , Kang Hyoung Jin , Shin Hee Young , Ahn Hyo Seop , Baek Hee Jo , Han Dong Kyun , Kook Hoon , Hwang Tai Ju , Kim Sun Young , Lee Young Ho , Hah Jeong Ok , Im Ho Joon , Seo Jong Jin , Park Sang Kyu , Jung Hyun Joo , Park Jun Eun , Lim Yeon Jung , Park Seong Shik , Lim Young Tak , Yoo Eun Sun , Ryu Kyung Ha , Park Hyeon Jin , Park Byung Kiu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report the outcome of 236 pediatric umbilical cord blood transplantations (UCBT) performed in Korea. Given that the sources of the grafts were mostly unrelated donors (n = 226; 95.8%), only the results of unrelated UCBT were included for all statistics. The most frequent primary disease was acute leukemia (n = 167). In total, 91.7% of recipients were seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV). The median doses of nucleated cells and CD34+ cells were 4.84 × 107/kg and 2.00 × 105/kg, respectively. The median times to neutrophil (>0.5 × 109/L) and platelet recovery (>20 × 109/L) were 18 and 45 days, respectively. Grade 2–4 acute graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD developed in 41.1 and 36.1% of cases, respectively. Forty‐five patients developed CMV disease. The 5‐year overall and event‐free survival were 47.5 and 36.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that adverse factors for survival of the whole cohort were total body irradiation‐based conditioning (P = 0.007), salvage transplant (P = 0.001), failure to achieve early complete chimerism (P < 0.0005), and CMV disease (P = 0.001). The outcomes of the single‐ and double‐unit UCBT (n = 64) were similar, while double‐unit recipients were heavier (P < 0.0005) and older (P < 0.0005). We conclude that double‐unit UCBT is a reasonable option for older or heavier children and that the thorough surveillance of CMV infection and the development of an effective CMV therapeutic strategy may be especially important for Korean children, whose CMV seroprevalence exceeds 90%. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphometrics and pattern of growth in wild sifakas (Propithecus edwardsi) at ranomafana national park, madagascar
Authors: King Stephen J. , Morelli Toni Lyn , Arrigo‐Nelson Summer , Ratelolahy Félix J. , Godfrey Laurie R. , Wyatt Jeffrey , Tecot Stacey , Jernvall Jukka , Wright Patricia C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe summarize morphometric data collected over a period of 22 years from a natural population of rainforest sifakas (Propithecus edwardsi) at Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar, and we use those data to document patterns of growth and development. Individually identified, known‐age sifakas were successfully captured, measured, and released. We found that body segment lengths increased faster during growth than did body mass, with individuals attaining adult lengths earlier than adult mass. Females can begin reproducing before they are fully grown, but this may not be common. With the exception of hand length, we found no significant sex difference in any adult metric including body mass, chest, and limb circumferences, body segment lengths, and canine tooth height; however, body masses of individual females fluctuated more, independently of pregnancy, than did those of males. We found considerable interannual fluctuation in body mass with single individuals differing more within the same season in different years than from season to season in the same year. Such body mass fluctuation may be a consequence of eastern Madagascar's variable and unpredictable environment in which rainfall during any selected month varies from year to year. Am. J. Primatol. 73:155–172, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of gastro‐intestinal parasites and commensals as an index of population and ecosystem health: the case of sympatric western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and guinea baboons (Papio hamadryas papio) at Fongoli, Senegal
Authors: Howells Michaela E. , Pruetz Jill , Gillespie Thomas R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe exponential decline of great apes over the past 50 years has resulted in an urgent need for data to inform population viability assessment and conservation strategies. Health monitoring of remaining ape populations is an important component of this process. In support of this effort, we examined endoparasitic and commensal prevalence and richness as proxies of population health for western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and sympatric guinea baboons (Papio hamadryas papio) at Fongoli, Senegal, a site dominated by woodland‐savanna at the northwestern extent of chimpanzees' geographic range. The small population size and extreme environmental pressures experienced by Fongoli chimpanzees make them particularly sensitive to the potential impact of pathogens. One hundred thirty‐two chimpanzee and seventeen baboon fecal samples were processed using sodium nitrate floatation and fecal sedimentation to isolate helminth eggs, larvae, and protozoal cysts. Six nematodes (Physaloptera sp., Ascaris sp., Stronglyloides fuelleborni, Trichuris sp., an unidentified hookworm, and an unidentified larvated nematode), one cestode (Bertiella sp.), and five protozoans (Iodamoeba buetschlii, Entamoeba coli, Troglodytella abrassarti, Troglocorys cava, and an unidentified ciliate) were detected in chimpanzee fecal samples. Four nematodes (Necator sp., S. fuelleborni, Trichuris sp., and an unidentified hookworm sp.), two trematodes (Shistosoma mansoni and an unidentified fluke), and six protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, E. coli, Chilomastix mesnili, Balantidium coli, T. abrassarti, and T. cava) were detected in baboon fecal samples. The low prevalence of pathogenic parasite species and high prevalence of symbiotic protozoa in Fongoli chimpanzees are indicative of good overall population health. However, the high prevalence of pathogenic parasites in baboons, who may serve as transport hosts, highlight the need for ongoing pathogen surveillance of the Fongoli chimpanzee population and point to the need for further research into the epidemiology and cross‐species transmission ecology of zoonotic pathogens at this site. Am. J. Primatol. 73:173–179, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The first chimpanzee sanctuary in Japan: an attempt to care for the “surplus” of biomedical research
Authors: Morimura Naruki , Idani Gen'ichi , Matsuzawa Tetsuro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article specifically examines several aspects of the human–captive chimpanzee bond and the effort to create the first chimpanzee sanctuary in Japan. We discuss our ethical responsibility for captive chimpanzees that have been used in biomedical research. On April 1, 2007, the Chimpanzee Sanctuary Uto (CSU) was established as the first sanctuary for retired laboratory chimpanzees in Japan. This initiative was the result of the continuous efforts by members of Support for African/Asian Great Apes (SAGA), and the Great Ape Information Network to provide a solution to the large chimpanzee colony held in biomedical facilities. However, the cessation of invasive biomedical studies using chimpanzees has created a new set of challenges because Japan lacks registration and laws banning invasive ape experiments and lacks a national policy for the life‐long care of retired laboratory chimpanzees. Therefore, CSU has initiated a relocation program in which 79 retired laboratory chimpanzees will be sent to domestic zoos and receive life‐long care. By the end of 2009, the number of chimpanzees living at CSU had decreased from 79 to 59 individuals. A nationwide network of care facilities and CSU to provide life‐long care of retired laboratory chimpanzees is growing across Japan. This will result in humane treatment of these research animals. Am. J. Primatol. 73:226–232, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Change of fish fauna in ponds after eradication of invasive piscivorous largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, in north‐eastern Japan
Authors: Tsunoda Hiroshi , Mitsuo Yoshito , Ohira Mitsuru , Doi Makie , Senga Yutaro 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The change in fish fauna was monitored in ponds within irrigation systems in Iwate prefecture, north‐eastern Japan to evaluate the effectiveness of eradicating the invasive piscivorous largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides.
Eleven study ponds were categorized into three pond groups: bass‐dwelling (n=3), bass‐eradicated (n=3) and non‐invaded ponds (n=5).
Species richness and diversity, which temporally decreased in bass‐dwelling ponds, increased in bass‐eradicated ponds. Furthermore, in bass‐eradicated ponds, the mean numbers of topmouth minnow and freshwater goby were gradually restored, but in bass‐dwelling ponds the numbers decreased and both species eventually disappeared.
Although the eradication of piscivorous invaders is helpful for restoring fish species diversity in ponds, its effectiveness varies among species, and other alien fish such as the rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus) often invade and proliferate in the bass‐eradicated ponds.
To ensure successful restoration of native biota and avoid undesirable results, it is necessary to plan and implement continuous monitoring and adaptive management after eradication of alien predators. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Panel and multivariate methods for tests of trend equivalence in climate data series
Authors: McKitrick Ross , McIntyre Stephen , Herman Chad 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe explain panel and multivariate regressions for comparing trends in climate data sets. They impose minimal restrictions on the covariance matrix and can embed multiple linear comparisons, which is a convenience in applied work. We present applications comparing post‐1979 modeled and observed temperature trends in the tropical lower‐ and mid‐troposphere. Results are sensitive to the sample length. In data spanning 1979–1999, observed trends are not significantly different from zero or from model projections. In data spanning 1979–2009, the observed trends are significant in some cases but tend to differ significantly from modeled trends. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
A comparison of the climate impacts of geoengineering by stratospheric SO2 injection and by brightening of marine stratocumulus cloud
Authors: Jones Andy , Haywood Jim , Boucher Olivier 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe examine the climate impact of geoengineering via two different methods, namely, stratospheric SO2 injection and increasing reflectivity of marine stratocumulus clouds. Although both methods appear capable, in principle, of counteracting the global mean warming due to increases in greenhouse gas concentrations, significant changes in regional climate still result. The extent of this regional climate change appears linked to the location and degree of inhomogeneity of the radiative flux perturbations produced by each geoengineering method. © Crown Copyright 2010. Published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland
Parametrization of area cloud fraction
Authors: Boutle I. A. , Morcrette C. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractComparisons of radiosonde data to model profiles show that the relative coarseness of the vertical grid can lead to poorly resolved changes in thermodynamic properties. This can lead to the model underestimating cloud cover. A parametrization for area cloud fraction, compatible with a prognostic cloud scheme, is developed and tested. The parametrization is then implemented in a general circulation model and used to produce a weather forecast and a climate simulation. The simulated cloud cover is improved in both models, whilst feedbacks within the climate model lead to an improvement in the surface temperature, particularly in the Northern‐Hemisphere winter. © Crown Copyright 2010. Published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland