bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical usefulness of assessing lumbar somatosensory evoked potentials in lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Konno Shunsuke , Miyamoto Masabumi , Gembun Yoshikazu , Horiguchi Gen , Ito Hiromoto 
Published: July 2009

Object
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of assessing lumbar somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) in central lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Methods
The latencies of lumbar SSEPs were recorded in 40 patients with central LSS, including 16 men and 24 women. The mean age of the patients was 67.3 ± 7.4 years. The diagnosis was LSS in 23 cases and LSS associated with degenerative spondylolisthesis in 17 cases. The average duration of symptoms was 43.8 ± 51.2 months. Twenty-two cases had bilateral and 18 cases had unilateral leg symptoms. Thirty-seven cases were associated with neurogenic intermittent claudication and the mean walking distance of patients with this condition was 246.8 ± 232.7 m. The mean Japanese Orthopedic Association scale score, as well as the visual analog scale (VAS) scores of low-back pain, leg pain, and numbness, were 16.5 ± 3.5, 6.0 ± 2.5, 6.9 ± 2.1, and 7.8 ± 2.2, respectively. The minimal cross-sectional area of the dural sac on MR imaging was 0.44 ± 0.21 cm2. Thirty-nine cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy without lumbar and peripheral neuropathy were chosen as the control group.

Results
The latencies of lumbar SSEPs in patients with LSS and in the control group were 23.0 ± 2.0 ms and 21.6 ± 1.9 ms, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the LSS and control groups (p < 0.05). The latency of lumbar SSEPs was significant correlated with the VAS score of leg numbness (p < 0.05). The latency of lumbar SSEPs in LSS was clearly delayed when the VAS score of leg numbness was ≥ 8 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Lumbar SSEPs are able to detect neurological deficit in the lumbar area effectively, and they can reflect part of the subjective severity of sensory disturbance (numbness) in LSS. Both lumbar SSEPs and VAS scores of leg numbness may be useful for clinical evaluation in patients with LSS.
Reproductive Factors and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark
Authors: ULFF-MØLLER CONSTANCE J. , JØRGENSEN KRISTIAN T. , PEDERSEN BO V. , NIELSEN NETE M. , FRISCH MORTEN 
Published: July 2009

Objective.The female predominance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suggests the possible involvement of reproductive factors in its etiology. We evaluated the relationship between parity and pregnancy losses and subsequent risk of SLE in a population-based cohort study.Methods.We followed 4.4 million Danes aged 15–69 years for first inpatient hospitalizations for SLE between 1977 and 2004. As measures of relative risk, we used Poisson regression-derived hospitalization rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cohort members with different reproductive histories.Results.Overall, 1614 women and 274 men were hospitalized with SLE during 88.9 million person-years of followup. Number of children was unrelated to SLE risk in men, but women with at least one liveborn child were at lower risk than nulliparous women (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.64–0.86), and women with 2 or more children were at lower risk than 1-child mothers. Recurrent idiopathic pregnancy losses, including spontaneous abortions, missed abortions, and stillbirths, were associated with markedly increased SLE risk (RR 3.50; 95% CI 2.38–4.96, for 2+ vs none; p < 0.001).Conclusion.Nulliparous women, 1-child mothers, and women who experience spontaneous abortions, missed abortions, or stillbirths are at increased SLE risk. Theoretically, immunological processes involved in subfertility or idiopathic pregnancy losses might act as initiating or contributing factors in some cases of SLE. However, considering the well established excess of pregnancy complications in women with established SLE, the observed associations more likely reflect the effect of subclinical immunological processes in women destined to develop SLE.
Lack of Association with Rheumatoid Arthritis of Selected Polymorphisms in 4 Candidate Genes: CFH, CD209, Eotaxin-3, and MHC2TA
Authors: DIEGUEZ-GONZALEZ REBECA , AKAR SERVET , CALAZA MANUEL , GONZALEZ-ALVARO ISIDORO , FERNANDEZ-GUTIERREZ BENJAMIN , LAMAS JOSE RAMON , de la SERNA ARTURO R. , CALIZ RAFAEL , BLANCO FRANCISCO J. , PASCUAL-SALCEDO DORA , VELLOSO MARIA LUISA , PEREZ-PAMPIN EVA , PABLOS JOSE LUIS , NAVARRO FEDERICO , NARVAEZ JAVIER , LOPEZ-LONGO FRANCISCO JAVIER , HERRERO-BEAUMONT GABRIEL , GOMEZ-REINO JUAN J. , GONZALEZ ANTONIO 
Published: July 2009

Objective.To investigate associations with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 4 candidate genes, complement factor H (CFH), CD209 or DC-SIGN, eotaxin-3, and the MHC class II Transactivator (MHC2TA) genes. These SNP have been reported as important for RA (eotaxin-3 and MHC2TA) or for other immune-mediated diseases (CFH and CD209).Methods.Genotypes for the 7 selected SNP were obtained from 1587 patients with RA and 1570 controls of Spanish ancestry. Analyses were carried out after stratification for sex, erosions, rheumatoid factor, shared epitope, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, and the R620W PTPN22 SNP.Results.None of the comparisons between patients with RA and controls or between the different strata of patients according to disease features was significant.Conclusion.None of the SNP in CFH and CD209 showed evidence of association with RA. We did not replicate the association of eotaxin-3 with RA described in Koreans, or that of the MHC2T SNP.
Working memory deficits can be overcome: Impacts of training and medication on working memory in children with ADHD
Authors: Holmes Joni , Gathercole Susan E. , Place Maurice , Dunning Darren L. , Hilton Kerry A. , Elliott Julian G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study evaluated the impact of two interventions—a training program and stimulant medication—on working memory (WM) function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twenty‐five children aged between 8 and 11 years participated in training that taxed WM skills to the limit for a minimum of 20 days, and completed other assessments of WM and IQ before and after training, and with and without prescribed drug treatment. While medication significantly improved visuo‐spatial memory performance, training led to substantial gains in all components of WM across untrained tasks. Training gains associated with the central executive persisted over a 6‐month period. IQ scores were unaffected by either intervention. These findings indicate that the WM impairments in children with ADHD can be differentially ameliorated by training and by stimulant medication. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The “Ductilities” in Single Phase Steels from Usual to Nanoscale Microstructures
Authors: Bouaziz Olivier 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe control and the improvement of the ductility of nanostructured structural steels is one of the key challenges in assessing the technological viability of this metallurgical strategy. In the present paper, it is shown that more rigorous definitions of the ductility are required in order to avoid possible confusions. After this preliminary work, a more transparent analysis is done concerning the effect of the microstructural scale showing clearly the weaknesses and the strengths of ultra‐fine single phase steels. Finally, possible ways to overcome the main limitations are presented.
Adhesive, Flexible, and Robust Polysaccharide Nanosheets Integrated for Tissue‐Defect Repair
Authors: Fujie Toshinori , Matsutani Noriyuki , Kinoshita Manabu , Okamura Yosuke , Saito Akihiro , Takeoka Shinji 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRecent developments in nanotechnology have led to a method for producing free‐standing polymer nanosheets as a macromolecular organization. Compared with bulk films, the large aspect ratio of such nanosheets leads to unique physical properties, such as transparency, noncovalent adhesion, and high flexibility. Here, a biomedical application of polymer nanosheets consisting of biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharides is reported. Micro‐scratch and bulge tests indicate that the nanosheets with a thickness of tens of nanometers have sufficient physical adhesiveness and mechanical strength for clinical use. A nanosheet of 75 nm thickness, a critical load of 9.1 × 104 N m−1, and an elastic modulus of 9.6 GPa is used for the minimally invasive repair of a visceral pleural defect in beagle dogs without any pleural adhesion caused by wound repair. For the first time, clinical benefits of sheet‐type nano‐biomaterials based on molecular organization are demonstrated, suggesting that novel therapeutic tools for overlapping tissue wounds will be possible without the need for conventional surgical interventions.
Rational Design of Charge‐Neutral, Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Osmium(II) Complexes and OLED Fabrication
Authors: Lee Tsang‐Chi , Hung Jui‐Yi , Chi Yun , Cheng Yi‐Ming , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chou Pi‐Tai , Chen Chung‐Chia , Chang Chih‐Hao , Wu Chung‐Chih 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new series of charge neutral Os(II) isoquinolyl triazolate complexes (1–4) with both trans and cis arrangement of phosphine donors are synthesized, and their structural, electrochemical and photophysical properties are established. In sharp contrast to the cis‐arranged complexes 2–4, the trans derivative 1, which shows a planar arrangement of chromophoric N‐substituted chelates, offers the most effective extended π‐delocalization and hence the lowest excited state energy gap. These complexes exhibit phosphorescence with peak wavelengths ranging from 692–805 nm in degassed CH2Cl2 at room temperature. Near‐infrared (NIR)‐emitting electroluminescent devices employing 6 wt % of 1 (or 4) doped in Alq3 host material are successfully fabricated. The devices incorporating 1 as NIR phosphor exhibit fairly intense emission with a peak wavelength at 814 nm. Forward radiant emittance reaches as high as 65.02 µW cm−2, and a peak EQE of ∼1.5% with devices employing Alq3, TPBi and/or TAZ as electron‐transporting/exciton‐blocking layers. Upon switching to phosphor 4, the electroluminescence blue shifts to 718 nm, while the maximum EQE and radiance increase to 2.7% and 93.26 (μW cm−2) respectively. Their performances are optimized upon using TAZ as the electron transporting and exciton‐blocking material. The OLEDs characterized represent the only NIR‐emitting devices fabricated using charge‐neutral and volatile Os(II) phosphors via thermal vacuum deposition.
A Multiscale Description of the Electronic Transport within the Hierarchical Architecture of a Composite Electrode for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Badot Jean‐Claude , Ligneel Éǹc , Dubrunfaut Olivier , Guyomard Dominigve , Lestriez Bernard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe broadband dielectric spectroscopy technique is applied, for the first time, to a composite material used as an electrode for lithium battery. The electrical properties (permittivity and conductivity) are measured from low (a few Hz) to microwave (a few GHz) frequencies. The results demonstrate that the broadband dielectric spectroscopy technique is very sensitive to the different scales of the electrode architecture involved in electronic transport, from interatomic distances to macroscopic sizes, as well as to the morphology at these scales, coarse or fine distribution of the constituents. This work opens up new prospects for a more fundamental understanding and more rational optimization of the electronic transport in composite electrodes for lithium batteries and other electrochemical energy storage technologies (including other batteries, supercapacitors, low‐ and medium‐temperature fuel cells), electrochemical sensors and conductor–insulator composite materials.
Highly Active, Well‐Defined (Cyclopentadiene)(N‐heterocyclic carbene)palladium Chloride Complexes for Room‐Temperature Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides and Deboronation Homocoupling of Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Jin Zhong , Guo Su‐Xian , Gu Xiao‐Peng , Qiu Ling‐Ling , Song Hai‐Bing , Fang Jian‐Xin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new class of well‐defined N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐(cyclopentadiene)palladium chloride complexes such as CpPd(NHC)Cl wasw synthesized from the readily available starting NHC‐palladium(II) chloride dimers. These air‐stable, coordinatively saturated NHC‐Pd complexes bearing the cyclopentadiene (Cp) unit exhibit high catalytic activity in the room temperature Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig cross‐coupling reactions involving unactive aryl chlorides as the substrates. In addition, they are found to be extremely efficient catalysts in the deboronation homocoupling of arylboronic acids at room temperature.
Facile, Efficient Copolymerization of Ethylene with Bicyclic, Non‐Conjugated Dienes by Titanium Complexes Bearing Bis(β‐Enaminoketonato) Ligands
Authors: Liu Jing‐yu , Liu San‐rong , Pan Li , Li Yue‐sheng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCopolymerizations of ethylene with 5‐vinyl‐2‐norbornene or 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene under the action of various titanium complexes bearing bis(β‐enaminoketonato) chelate ligands of the type, [R1NC(R2)CHC(R3)O]2TiCl2 (1, R1=Ph, R2=CF3, R3=Ph; 2, R1=C6H4F‐p, R2=CF3, R3=Ph; 3, R1=Ph, R2=CF3, R3=t‐Bu; 4, R1=C6H4F‐p, R2=CF3, R3=t‐Bu; 5, R1=Ph, R2=CH3, R3=CF3; 6, R1=C6H4F‐p, R2=CH3, R3=CF3), have been shown to occur with the regioselective insertion of the endocyclic double bond of the monomer into the copolymer chain, leaving the exocyclic vinyl double bond as a pendant unsaturation. The ligand modification strongly affects the copolymerization behaviour. High catalytic activities and efficient co‐monomer incorporation can be easily obtained by optimizing the catalyst structures and polymerization conditions.
Silver Triflate‐Catalyzed or Electrophile‐Mediated Tandem Reaction of N′‐(2‐Alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazides with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Ding Qiuping , Yu Xingxin , Wu Jie 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDifferent outcomes were generated under different conditions for the tandem reactions of N′‐(2‐alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazides with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) catalyzed by silver triflate or in the presence of electrophiles. The unexpected isoquinoline‐based azomethine ylides were obtained when the reaction was catalyzed by silver triflate or in the presence of bromine, while the fused 1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines were afforded when iodine was employed in the above tandem reactions.
Design and Application of 2,2‐Dibromodimedone as Organic Brominating Reagent for Asymmetric Bromination of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Ketones Catalysed by Chiral Amino Acids
Authors: Goswami Papori , Baruah Abhilasha , Das Babulal 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA green and ecofriendly enantioselective α‐bromination of carbonyl and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds is reported involving the synthesis of a novel organic brominating source. The organic brominating reagent can be recovered after each cycle, rebrominated and reused. The reaction is catalysed by chiral amino acids and completed within a short reaction time with good enantioselectivity and exclusive formation of only α‐monobrominated carbonyl compounds.
Amphiphilic Block Polypeptide‐Type Ligands for Micellar Catalysis in Water
Authors: Elias Shlomi , Vigalok Arkadi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNovel amphiphilic block polypeptide ligands were synthesized and showed excellent behavior in the metal‐catalyzed organic transformations in pure water. The catalytic activity and/or recycling properties of the catalysts are the result of the micellar structure of the polymeric system in water.
Enantioselective Silylcyanation of Aldehydes and Ketones by a Titanium Catalyst Prepared from a Partially Hydrolyzed Titanium Alkoxide and a Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Yoshinaga Kazuhiko , Nagata Takushi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the presence of small amount (0.2–1.0 mol%) of a titanium complex catalyst prepared from a partially hydrolyzed titanium alkoxide and an optically active tridentate Schiff base ligand, the enantioselective silylcyanation of aldehydes and ketones proceeded in a short reaction time at room temperature to afford the corresponding optically active cyanohydrin derivatives in excellent chemical yield with high enantiomeric excess (86–97% ee). The results indicate that partially hydrolyzed titanium alkoxides are a promising titanium source for the preparation of efficient catalysts for asymmetric synthesis.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Allyl Ketones from Alkynes and their Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation into γ‐Functionalized Ketones
Authors: Zhang Min , Jiang Huanfeng , Dixneuf Pierre H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe regioselective synthesis of β,γ‐unsaturated ketones from terminal alkynes is achieved by cooperative action of tris(acetonitrile)pentamethylcyclopentadieneruthenium hexafluorophosphate [Cp*Ru(NCMe)3+ PF6−] and para‐toluenesulfonic acid catalysts. These allyl ketones undergo direct regioselective hydroarylation/Friedel–Crafts reaction to introduce an electron‐rich aryl group at the γ‐position in the presence of ligand‐free silver triflate (AgOTf) catalyst. Both catalytic reactions take place with atom economy and provide an alternative to the synthesis of a variety of allyl ketones and γ‐arylated ketones.
Structural Crystallography of Inorganic Oxysalts.IUCr Monographs on Crystallography No. 22. By Sergey V. Krivovichev.
Authors: Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOxford University Press, Oxford 2009. 320 S., geb., $ 130.00.—ISBN 978‐0199213207magnified image
Cover Picture: A Microfluidic Approach to Chemically Driven Assembly of Colloidal Particles at Gas–Liquid Interfaces (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 29/2009)
Authors: Park Jai Il , Nie Zhihong , Kumachev Alexander , Abdelrahman Ahmed I. , Binks Bernard P. , Stone Howard A. , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA chemically mediated microfluidic approach to the generation of particle‐coated bubbles is reported by E. Kumacheva and co‐workers in their Communication on page 5300 ff. The approach employs rapid, controllable dissolution of CO2 bubbles in a dispersion of carboxylated particles. Local increases in the acidity of the medium in the neighborhood of the bubbles lead to a change in the surface energy of the particles and their deposition on the gas–liquid interface.magnified image
Inside Cover: Charge‐Conversional Polyionic Complex Micelles—Efficient Nanocarriers for Protein Delivery into Cytoplasm (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 29/2009)
Authors: Lee Yan , Ishii Takehiko , Cabral Horacio , Kim Hyun Jin , Seo Ji‐Hun , Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Oshima Hiroki , Osada Kensuke , Kataoka Kazunori 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA highly efficient protein delivery into cytoplasm is described by K. Kataoka, and co‐workers on page 5309 ff. The charge‐density increase of a protein cargo by reversible modification, which was based on the charge‐conversional moieties citaconic amide and cis‐aconitic amide, helped the stability of protein/block copolymer polyionic complex (PIC) micelles. The rapid protein charge conversion in endosomes induced the dissociation of the PIC micelles and efficient endosomal escape.magnified image
How comb‐type poly(maleic acid alkylamide‐co‐α‐olefin) assemble in waxy oils and improve flowing ability
Authors: Xu Jun , Zhang Xingyu , Sun Jie , Li Li , Guo Xuhong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWax deposition in pipelines restricts flow and even leads to plugging during oil transportation. This paper aims to improve the flowing ability of cold waxy oils using comb‐type copolymers to interact with main components of waxy oil: long‐chain n‐paraffins and asphaltenes. A series of comb‐type poly(maleic acid alkylamide‐co‐α‐olefin) (MAC) with different side‐chain lengths were synthesized by copolymerization of α‐olefin and maleic anhydride followed by amidation with alkylamine. Their effects on the rheological property (yield stress) and crystallization behaviors of both model waxy oils and crude oils were observed by rheology, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and optical microscopy. MACs reduced the yield stress of oils and the crystal size of long‐chain n‐paraffins, and improved the flowing ability of oils at 0 °C significantly. The MACs either self‐assemble to nucleate the crystallization of long‐chain n‐paraffins or co‐crystallize with them by the nonpolar side chains and inhibit the growth of paraffin crystals by the layer of the polar parts, while the carboxyl and amide groups interact with polar aromatic asphaltenes to prevent their aggregation upon cooling. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FCCU simulation based on first principle and artificial neural network models
Authors: Miheţ Maria , Cristea Vasile Mircea , Agachi Paul Şerban 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA first principle model has been developed for the reactor–regenerator system based on construction and operating data from an industrial fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). The first principle model takes into account the main FCCU subsystems: reactor riser, regenerator, stripper, catalyst circulation lines, air blower, wet gas compressor and main fractionator. A five‐lump kinetic scheme has been considered for the reactions taking place in the reactor riser. Subsequently, an artificial neural network (ANN) model has been built for the complex FCCU system. The dynamic simulator, based on the previously developed first principle model, served as the source of reliable data for ANN design, training and testing. The ANN developed model was successfully trained and tested. Comparison between first principle and neural network based model leads to a very good match between the two models. Results show the substantial reduction of the computation time featured by the ANN model compared to the first principle model, demonstrating its potential use for real‐time implementation in model‐based control algorithms. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fenton and photo‐Fenton treatment of distillery effluent and optimization of treatment conditions with response surface methodology
Authors: Hadavifar Mojtaba , Zinatizadeh Ali Akbar , Younesi Habibollah , Galehdar Maedeh 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo chemical processes, Fenton and photo‐Fenton, were tested separately for the treatment of vinasse, which was generated from an alcohol distillery process. In order to evaluate the processes effectiveness, four independent variables viz. SCOD concentration, initial pH, H2O2 and FeSO4 dosage were applied. Experiments were conducted based on a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). UV radiation for 80 min was applied in each experiment during the photo‐Fenton process. Two modified quadratic equations were used for data fitting. The most significant model terms in the processes were found to be the initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and the initial pH. A higher removal efficiency was achieved in the photo‐Fenton process compared to Fenton alone. The efficiency varied from 18 to 97% for the photo‐Fenton process, while it was in the range of 5–47% for Fenton process. The R2 value of the models (R2 > 0.97) shows a very high degree of correlation between the parameters. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.