bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capture of emotional responses under a simulated earthquake experience using near-infrared spectroscopy and virtual reality
Authors: Otsuka Hikari , Okahashi Sayaka , Ishii Hirotake , Asaba Wataru , Liu Chang , Yamamoto Goshiro , Seiyama Akitoshi 
Published: May 2024

Aim
In a previous study, we reported that watching two-dimensional videos of earthquakes significantly reduced sympathetic nerve activity in healthy young adults. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the emotional responses to earthquakes using immersive virtual reality (VR), which can provide a more realistic experience.

Methods
In total, 24 healthy young adults (12 males, 21.4 ± 0.2 years old) participated. Participants were required to watch earthquake and neutral videos while wearing a head-mounted display and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), during which physiological signals, including pulse rate and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, were measured. We also analyzed changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic indices and obtained seven emotion ratings: valence, arousal, dominance, fear, astonishment, anxiety, and panic.

Results
The VR earthquake videos evoked negative subjective emotions, and the pulse rate significantly decreased. Sympathetic nerve activity tended to decrease, whereas CBF in the left prefrontal cortex showed a slight increase, although this was not significant.

Conclusions
This study showed that measurements combined with NIRS and immersive VR have the potential to capture emotional responses to different stimuli.
The intervention of curcumin on rodent models of hepatic fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chu Yun-Hang , Pang Bing-Yao , Yang Ming , Meng Qi , Leng Yan 
Published: May 2024

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the intervention effect of curcumin on hepatic fibrosis in rodent models through systematic review and meta-analysis, in order to provide meaningful guidance for clinical practice.

Methods
A systematic retrieval of relevant studies on curcumin intervention in rats or mice hepatic fibrosis models was conducted, and the data were extracted. The outcome indicators included liver cell structure and function related indicators, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), ratio of albumin to globulin (A/G), total bilirubin (TBIL), bax protein, bcl-2 protein and index of liver, as well as the relevant indicators for evaluating the degree of hepatic fibrosis, such as hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), type I collagen (Collagen I), type III collagen (Collagen III), type III procollagen (PCIII), type III procollagen amino terminal peptide (PIIINP), type IV collagen (IV-C), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), hydroxyproline (HYP), platelet derived factor-BB (PDGF-BB), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and oxidative stress-related indicators, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). These results were then analyzed by meta-analysis. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the syrcle’s bias risk tool.

Results
A total of 59 studies were included in the meta-analysis, and the results showed that curcumin can reduce the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL, bax protein, and index of liver in hepatic fibrosis models. It can also reduce HA, LN, Collagen I, Collagen III, PCIII, PIIINP, IV-C, TNF-α, α-SMA, HYP, PDGF-BB, CTGF, TGF-β1 and MDA, and increase the levels of ALB, A/G, SOD, and GSH-Px in the hepatic fibrosis models. However, the effects of curcumin on bcl-2 protein, IL-6 in hepatic fibrosis models and index of liver in mice were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
The analysis results indicate that curcumin can reduce liver cell apoptosis by maintaining the stability of liver cell membrane, inhibit the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells by reducing inflammatory response, and alleviate tissue peroxidation damage by clearing oxygen free radicals.
Development of a conceptual framework for defining trial efficiency
Authors: Xie Charis Xuan , De Simoni Anna , Eldridge Sandra , Pinnock Hilary , Relton Clare 
Published: May 2024

Background
Globally, there is a growing focus on efficient trials, yet numerous interpretations have emerged, suggesting a significant heterogeneity in understanding “efficiency” within the trial context. Therefore in this study, we aimed to dissect the multifaceted nature of trial efficiency by establishing a comprehensive conceptual framework for its definition.

Objectives
To collate diverse perspectives regarding trial efficiency and to achieve consensus on a conceptual framework for defining trial efficiency.

Methods
From July 2022 to July 2023, we undertook a literature review to identify various terms that have been used to define trial efficiency. We then conducted a modified e-Delphi study, comprising an exploratory open round and a subsequent scoring round to refine and validate the identified items. We recruited a wide range of experts in the global trial community including trialists, funders, sponsors, journal editors and members of the public. Consensus was defined as items rated “without disagreement”, measured by the inter-percentile range adjusted for symmetry through the UCLA/RAND approach.

Results
Seventy-eight studies were identified from a literature review, from which we extracted nine terms related to trial efficiency. We then used review findings as exemplars in the Delphi open round. Forty-nine international experts were recruited to the e-Delphi panel. Open round responses resulted in the refinement of the initial nine terms, which were consequently included in the scoring round. We obtained consensus on all nine items: 1) four constructs that collectively define trial efficiency containing scientific efficiency, operational efficiency, statistical efficiency and economic efficiency; and 2) five essential building blocks for efficient trial comprising trial design, trial process, infrastructure, superstructure, and stakeholders.

Conclusions
This is the first attempt to dissect the concept of trial efficiency into theoretical constructs. Having an agreed definition will allow better trial implementation and facilitate effective communication and decision-making across stakeholders. We also identified essential building blocks that are the cornerstones of an efficient trial. In this pursuit of understanding, we are not only unravelling the complexities of trial efficiency but also laying the groundwork for evaluating the efficiency of an individual trial or a trial system in the future.
Variation in benefit among patients with serious mental illness who receive integrated psychiatric and primary care
Authors: Young Alexander S. , Skela Jessica , Chang Evelyn T. , Oberman Rebecca , Siddarth Prabha 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe population with serious mental illness has high risk for hospitalization or death due to unhealthy behaviors and inadequate medical care, though the level of risk varies substantially. Programs that integrate medical and psychiatric services improve outcomes but are challenging to implement and access is limited. It would be useful to know whether benefits are confined to patients with specific levels of risk.MethodsIn a population with serious mental illness and increased risk for hospitalization or death, a specialized medical home integrated services and improved treatment and outcomes. Treatment quality, chronic illness care, care experience, symptoms, and quality of life were assessed for a median of 385 days. Analyses examine whether improvements varied by baseline level of patient risk.ResultsPatients with greater risk were more likely to be older, more cognitively impaired, and have worse mental health. Integrated services increased appropriate screening for body mass index, lipids, and glucose, but increases did not differ significantly by level of risk. Integrated services also improved chronic illness care, care experience, mental health-related quality of life, and psychotic symptoms. There were also no significant differences by risk level.ConclusionsThere were benefits from integration of primary care and psychiatric care at all levels of increased risk, including those with extremely high risk above the 95thpercentile. When developing integrated care programs, patients should be considered at all levels of risk, not only those who are the healthiest.
Opening the dialogue: A preliminary exploration of hair color, hair cleanliness, light, and motion effects on fNIRS signal quality
Authors: Holmes Mitchell , Aalto Daniel , Cummine Jacqueline 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising tool for studying brain activity, offering advantages such as portability and affordability. However, challenges in data collection persist due to factors like participant physiology, environmental light, and gross-motor movements, with limited literature on their impact on fNIRS signal quality. This study addresses four potentially influential factors–hair color, hair cleanliness, environmental light, and gross-motor movements–on fNIRS signal quality. Our aim is to raise awareness and offer insights for future fNIRS research.

Methods
Six participants (4 Females, 2 Males) took part in four different experiments investigating the effects of hair color, hair cleanliness, environmental light, and gross-motor movements on fNIRS signal quality. Participants in Experiment 1, categorized by hair color, completed a finger-tapping task in a between-subjects block design. Signal quality was compared between each hair color. Participants in Experiments 2 and 3 completed a finger-tapping task in a within-subjects block design, with signal quality being compared across hair cleanliness (i.e., five consecutive days without washing the hair) and environmental light (i.e., sunlight, artificial light, no light, etc.), respectively. Experiment 4 assessed three gross-motor movements (i.e., walking, turning and nodding the head) in a within-subjects block design. Motor movements were then compared to resting blocks. Signal quality was evaluated using Scalp Coupling Index (SCI) measurements.

Results
Lighter hair produced better signals than dark hair, while the impact of environmental light remains uncertain. Hair cleanliness showed no significant effects, but gross motor movements notably reduced signal quality.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that hair color, environmental light, and gross-motor movements affect fNIRS signal quality while hair cleanliness does not. Nevertheless, future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to fully understand these effects. To advance future research, comprehensive documentation of participant demographics and lab conditions, along with signal quality analyses, is essential.
Blast protection of underwater tunnels with 3D auxetic materials
Authors: Zhang Shuwen , Fan Tao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the risk of blast attacks on underwater tunnels, important transportation routes, has increased due to the growing prevalence of vicious regional conflicts and global terrorist activities. In this work, we investigate the blast impact behavior of underwater tunnels filled with honeycomb core and covered by solid panels. The core is composed of 3D auxetic materials with high energy absorption compared to conventional honeycombs. In order to improve the stiffness of the auxetic structures, a pair of crossed rods is introduce to each cell. The relative densities of 3D auxetic structures are derived theoretically. The coupling effects of the geometrical parameters on the relative density are investigated. Then the deformation patterns of the underwater tunnels at different blast heights are analyzed. The kinetic energy and absorbed energy are discussed for tunnels with 3D auxetic materials and solid materials. Results show that tunnels composed with 3D reinforced auxetic structures can absorb much more energy than solid ones. Moreover, localized damage is observed which means greater chance of survival and smaller repairs after extreme impact. Finally, a stiffness-improved 3D reinforced auxetic structure is presented to enhance the tunnel’s strength and stability further.
A new distributionally robust reward-risk model for portfolio optimization
Authors: Zhou Yijia , Xu Lijun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A new distributionally robust ratio optimization model is proposed under the known first and second moments of the uncertain distributions. In this article, both standard deviation (SD) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) are used to measure the risk, avoiding both fat-tail and volatility. The new model can be reduced to a simple distributionally robust model under assumptions on the measurements of reward, CVaR and SD. Furthermore, it can be rewritten as a tractable semi-definite programming problem by the duality theorem under partially known information of the uncertain parameters. Finally, the model is tested on portfolio problems and verified from numerical results that it can give a reasonable decision under only the first and second moments.
Cold exposure increases circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 in the evening in males and females
Authors: Hoekx Carlijn A , Martinez-Tellez Borja , Straat Maaike E , Verkleij Magdalena M A , Kemmeren Mirjam , Kooijman Sander , Uhrbom Martin , de Jager Saskia C A , Rensen Patrick C N , Boon Mariëtte R 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
Cold exposure is linked to cardiometabolic benefits. Cold activates brown adipose tissue (BAT), increases energy expenditure, and induces secretion of the hormones fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). The cold-induced increase in energy expenditure exhibits a diurnal rhythm in men. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of cold exposure on serum FGF21 and GDF15 levels in humans and whether cold-induced changes in FGF21 and GDF15 levels differ between morning and evening in males and females.

Method
In this randomized cross-over study, serum FGF21 and GDF15 levels were measured in healthy lean males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) before, during, and after 90 min of stable cold exposure in the morning (07:45 h) and evening (19:45 h) with a 1-day washout period in between.

Results
Cold exposure increased FGF21 levels in the evening compared to the morning both in males (+61% vs −13%; P < 0.001) and in females (+58% vs +8%; P < 0.001). In contrast, cold exposure did not significantly modify serum GDF15 levels, and no diurnal variation was found. Changes in FGF21 and GDF15 levels did not correlate with changes in cold-induced energy expenditure in the morning and evening.

Conclusion
Cold exposure increased serum FGF21 levels in the evening, but not in the morning, in both males and females. GDF15 levels were not affected by cold exposure. Thus, this study suggests that the timing of cold exposure may influence cold-induced changes in FGF21 levels but not GDF15 levels and seems to be independent of changes in energy expenditure.
Ignition of Methane–Carbon Oxide Mixtures
Authors: Трошин К.Я. , Беляев А.А. , Арутюнов А.В. , Арутюнов В.С. 
Published: May 2024

Экспериментальные исследования и кинетический анализ воспламенения в воздухе стехиометрических смесей метана с оксидом углерода в области температур ниже 1 000 K и давлений 1 ÷ 15 атм показали сложный характер влияния состава смеси, температуры и давления на задержку воспламенения. Для смесей с различным содержанием оксида углерода давление по-разному влияет на воспламенение, и значения эффективной энергии задержки воспламенения этих смесей сильно различаются, что указывает на серьезные изменения в механизме процесса при изменении всех указанных выше параметров. Наиболее очевидные изменения связаны с влиянием этих параметров на реакции образования и последующую кинетику гидропероксидных радикалов HO, в том числе роль их взаимодействия с оксидом углерода. Также нужно учитывать вклад высокоэкзотермических процессов с участием оксида углерода в тепловой баланс процесса воспламенения таких смесей. Информация о влиянии основных параметров на воспламенение смесей метана с оксидом углерода в области низких температур необходима для обеспечения безопасности технологических процессов получения и использования синтез-газа и водорода, эксплуатации угольных шахт, а также оптимизации детальных кинетических механизмов окисления легких углеводородов.
Experimental studies and kinetic analysis of ignition in air of stoichiometric mixtures of methane with carbon monoxide at temperatures below 1000 K and pressures of 1–15 atm showed the complex nature of the influence of mixture composition, temperature and pressure on the ignition delay. For mixtures with different carbon monoxide contents, pressure has different effects on ignition, and the values of the effective ignition delay energy of these mixtures are very different, indicating serious changes in the process mechanism when changing all the above parameters. The most obvious changes are associated with the influence of these parameters on the formation reactions and subsequent kinetics of hydroperoxide radicals HO, including the role of their interaction with carbon monoxide. It is also necessary to take into account the contribution of highly exothermic processes involving carbon monoxide to the heat balance of the ignition process of such mixtures. Information on the influence of the main parameters on the ignition of mixtures of methane with carbon monoxide at low temperatures is necessary to ensure the safety of technological processes for the production and use of synthesis gas and hydrogen, the operation of coal mines, as well as the optimization of detailed kinetic mechanisms of the oxidation of light hydrocarbons.
Parental Legal System Involvement, Positive Childhood Experiences, and Suicide Risk
Authors: Bravo Lilian G. , Meza Jocelyn , Schiff Sara J. , Ahmed Charisse , Elliot Thomas , La Charite Jaime , Choi Kristen 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES
To examine whether adverse parental legal system involvement (incarceration, arrest) was associated with suicide risk, accounting for other adverse childhood experiences, and whether there was a moderating relationship between positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and parental legal system involvement in suicide risk.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study used 2-year follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study when children were age 11 to 12 years. Outcomes were lifetime suicidal ideation, attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Exposures were parent incarceration or arrest. We used generalized linear models to estimate the relative risk of suicide outcomes from adverse parent legal involvement and whether there was an interaction between parent legal system involvement and PCE count, controlling for adverse childhood experiences and demographic factors.

RESULTS
Among our sample (n = 10 532;), 687 children (6.5%) reported parent incarceration and 1265 (12.0%) reported parent arrest. Suicidal ideation was the most frequent risk outcome (n = 490; 4.7%). Children whose parents had been incarcerated had a relative risk of suicidal ideation of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.32–2.31). Children whose parents had been arrested had a relative risk of suicidal ideation of 1.89 (95% CI: 1.53–2.37) and a relative risk of suicide attempt of 2.69 (95% CI: 1.7–4.25). Parental incarceration/arrest were not associated with NSSI. PCEs were associated with reduced relative risk of suicidal ideation and NSSI, though there was no significant interaction between PCEs and adverse parent legal system involvement exposures.

CONCLUSIONS
Parental legal system involvement may negatively affect child mental health. Strengthening PCEs in childhood may mitigate suicide-related risks.
EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Pivoriene Jolanta , Zemaitaityte Irena , Bardauskiene Raminta , Katkoniene Agata , Sadauskas Justinas 
Published: May 2024

The aim of the article is to find out educational needs of older adults and to discuss the process of the training course development and its implementation jointly with older learners in Lithuania. Mixed methods research was applied incorporating survey and participatory research. The training course was developed based on international survey data aiming to reach older learners who had less possibilities to engage in a lifelong learning process. Data analysis revealed similarities across countries, based on which the general template of the course was developed. It included topics in biological, psychological and sociological aspects of ageing, networking and joint research possibilities. However, data showed that there were variations in needs not only between countries but inside countries as well. Participatory research approach allowed older learners to follow the needs and to make necessary changes. Such changes were made in content (for ex., some sociological topics substituted by culture) and in organization (less intensity and shorter sessions) of the course. Even if the learners agreed to involve in participatory research, at the end they were told that it was too many interviews and discussions. On the other hand, they were proud that other learners will take their designed course.
EXPLORING THE CONSISTENCY BETWEEN TEACHERS' AND PARENTS' RATINGS OF CHILDREN'S LANGUAGE SKILLS
Authors: Trinite Baiba , Tomele Gundega , Rascevska Malgozata 
Published: May 2024

Aim: The study investigated the correspondence between parent and teacher assessments of 3 to 6-year-old children's language skills using the Expressive and Receptive Language Scales from the Early Childhood Developmental Screening Toolkit – BAASIK (an acronym in Latvian). Material and methods: Ninety-five preschool teachers and 424 parents participated in an online survey assessing the expressive and receptive language skills of children aged 3 to 6 years. Results: Spearman's correlation analysis revealed statistically significant (p < .001) moderate to strong correlations between the ratings of children’s language skills by parents and teachers. For the Receptive Language Scales, correlations ranged from rS = .43 to rS = .6, and for the Expressive Language Scales, from rS = .54 to rS = .64. Conclusions: The study confirmed that parents’ and teachers’ assessments of children’s expressive and receptive language skills are significantly correlated. The BAASIK Expressive and Receptive Language Scales used by both parents and teachers could be effective for early screening, potentially aiding in the prompt identification of language development issues and the subsequent referral to speech and language therapy services.