bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanded CD23+/CD21hi B Cells in Inflamed Lymph Nodes Are Associated with the Onset of Inflammatory-Erosive Arthritis in TNF-Transgenic Mice and Are Targets of Anti-CD20 Therapy
Authors: Li Jie , Kuzin Igor , Moshkani Safiehkhatoon , Proulx Steven T. , Xing Lianping , Skrombolas Denise , Dunn Robert , Sanz Iñaki , Schwarz Edward M. , Bottaro Andrea 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Anti-CD20 B cell depletion therapy (BCDT) is very effective for some patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however the pathogenic role of B lymphocytes in RA and the primary targets of BCDT are unknown. The human TNF transgenic (hTNF-Tg) mouse model of RA displays a chronic, progressive disease that spreads from distal to proximal joints and is generally considered to be adaptive immune system independent. We have previously reported that knee arthritis in hTNF-Tg mice is accompanied by structural and functional changes of the adjoining popliteal lymph node (PLN), detectable by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. To better understand these changes, in this paper we show that onset of knee synovitis and focal erosions are paralleled by PLN contraction and accumulation of large numbers of B cells in the lymphatic sinus spaces within the node. Flow cytometry from TNF-Tg mice 2, 4–5, and 8–12 mo old demonstrated that B cell accumulation in the PLN follows ankle arthritis, but commences before knee disease, and involves early expansion of CD21hi, CD23+, IgMhi, CD1d+, activation marker-negative, polyclonal B cells that are found to be specifically restricted to lymph nodes draining inflamed, arthritic joints. The same B cell population also accumulates in PLNs of K/BxN mice with autoantigen-dependent arthritis. Strikingly, we show that BCDT ameliorates hTNF-Tg disease and clears follicular and CD21hi, CD23+ B cells from the PLNs. On the basis of these findings, we propose a model whereby B cells contribute to arthritis in mice, and possibly RA, by directly affecting the structure, composition, and function of joint-draining lymph nodes.
Polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses to Tuberculosis Antigens in HIV-1–Infected Patients before and after Anti-Retroviral Treatment
Authors: Sutherland Jayne S. , Young James M. , Peterson Kevin L. , Sanneh Bakary , Whittle Hilton C. , Rowland-Jones Sarah L. , Adegbola Richard A. , Jaye Assan , Ota Martin O. C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) kills 2 million people per year and infection with HIV is the most potent known risk factor for progression to active TB. An understanding of the immune response to TB Ags in HIV-infected patients is required to develop optimal TB vaccines and diagnostics. We assessed polyfunctional (IFN-γ+IL-2+TNF-α+) T cell responses to TB Ags in three groups of HIV-1–infected patients dependent on their TB status, CD4 counts, and anti-retroviral exposure. We found that although the proportion of IFN-γ cells in response to TB Ags was higher in patients with low CD4 counts, the responding cells changed from a polyfunctional CD4+ to a monofunctional CD8+ response. The overall polyfunctionality of the cells was restored by 12 mo of anti-retroviral therapy and primarily involved CD4+ T cells with an effector memory phenotype. These findings have major implications for diagnosis of TB and in vaccine development strategies for TB in HIV-1–infected patients.
Cutting Edge: Rag Deletion in Peripheral T Cells Blocks TCR Revision
Authors: Hale J. Scott , Ames Kristina T. , Boursalian Tamar E. , Fink Pamela J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Mature CD4+Vβ5+ T cells that recognize a peripherally expressed endogenous superantigen are tolerized either by deletion or TCR revision. In Vβ5 transgenic mice, this latter tolerance pathway results in the appearance of CD4+Vβ5−TCRβ+ T cells, coinciding with Rag1, Rag2, and TdT expression and the accumulation of Vβ-DJβ recombination intermediates in peripheral CD4+ T cells. Because postthymic RAG-dependent TCR rearrangement has remained controversial, we sought to definitively determine whether TCR revision is an extrathymic process that occurs in mature peripheral T cells. We show in this study that Rag deletion in postpositive selection T cells in Vβ5 transgenic mice blocks TCR revision in vivo and that mature peripheral T cells sorted to remove cells bearing endogenous TCRβ-chains can express newly generated TCRβ molecules in adoptive hosts. These findings unambiguously demonstrate postthymic, RAG-dependent TCR rearrangement and define TCR revision as a tolerance pathway that targets mature peripheral CD4+ T cells.
Importance of immobilization after intraarticular glucocorticoid treatment for elbow synovitis: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Weitoft Tomas , Forsberg Catarina 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether better treatment results might be achieved with postinjection rest following intraarticular glucocorticoid treatment for elbow synovitis.MethodsNinety patients with rheumatoid arthritis and elbow synovitis were treated with 20 mg of intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide and randomized to either a 48‐hour immobilization in a triangular sling (n = 46) or to normal activity without restrictions (n = 44). The primary end point was relapse of synovitis. In addition, pain, function according to a self‐assessment questionnaire (the Patient Rated Elbow Evaluation), and range of movement were followed for 6 months.ResultsThirteen relapses occurred in the rest group and 8 in the active group (results not significant). The secondary measures showed no statistically significant differences between the groups.ConclusionImmobilization procedures do not improve the outcome of intraarticular glucocorticoid therapy for elbow synovitis. In future guidelines for such treatment of the upper extremity, normal activity after the injection should be recommended.
Benefit of early treatment in inflammatory polyarthritis patients with anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies versus those without antibodies
Authors: Farragher Tracey M. , Lunt Mark , Plant Darren , Bunn Diane K. , Barton Anne , Symmons Deborah P. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the clinical utility of anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF) testing in predicting both functional outcome and response to treatment in early inflammatory polyarthritis (IP) patients.MethodsA total of 916 IP subjects from a primary care incidence registry (1990–1994) had anti‐CCP antibody and RF status determined at baseline. Mean change in Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score between baseline and 5 years was compared by antibody status. The effect of treatment with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and/or steroids over 5 years, early (<6 months of symptom onset) versus late initiation, and duration of treatment were also compared by anti‐CCP antibody status. The analysis was adjusted for treatment decisions and censoring over the followup, using marginal structural models.ResultsAnti‐CCP antibody–positive patients (n = 268) had more severe disease both at presentation and 5 years of followup, and this was independent of RF. On adjustment, anti‐CCP antibody–negative patients treated early experienced a significant improvement in functional disability compared with anti‐CCP antibody–negative patients who were never treated (−0.31; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −0.53, −0.08), and experienced additional benefit for each additional month of early treatment. Anti‐CCP antibody–positive patients treated early did not have a significant improvement in HAQ score compared with those not treated (−0.14; 95% CI −0.52, 0.24).ConclusionIn this first observational study to examine the influence of anti‐CCP antibody status on treatment response, anti‐CCP antibody–positive IP patients showed less benefit from treatment, particularly early treatment, than anti‐CCP antibody–negative patients. This provides support for the inclusion of anti‐CCP antibodies as well as RF in the classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis and for stratification by anti‐CCP antibody status in clinical trials.
Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide: Towards Large‐Area Thin‐Film Electronics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Eda Goki , Chhowalla Manish 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChemically derived graphene oxide (GO) possesses a unique set of properties arising from oxygen functional groups that are introduced during chemical exfoliation of graphite. Large‐area thin‐film deposition of GO, enabled by its solubility in a variety of solvents, offers a route towards GO‐based thin‐film electronics and optoelectronics. The electrical and optical properties of GO are strongly dependent on its chemical and atomic structure and are tunable over a wide range via chemical engineering. In this Review, the fundamental structure and properties of GO‐based thin films are discussed in relation to their potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics.
Are immigrants, ethnic and linguistic minorities over‐represented in jobs with a high level of compensated risk? Results from a montréal, Canada study using census and workers' compensation data
Authors: Premji Stéphanie , Duguay Patrice , Messing Karen , Lippel Katherine 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectivesFew Canadian data sources allow the examination of disparities by ethnicity, language, or immigrant status in occupational exposures or health outcomes. However, it is possible to document the mechanisms that can create disparities, such as the over‐representation of population groups in high‐risk jobs. We evaluated, in the Montréal context, the relationship between the social composition of jobs and their associated risk level.MethodsWe used data from the 2001 Statistics Canada census and from Québec's workers' compensation board for 2000–2002 to characterize job categories defined as major industrial groups crossed with three professional categories (manual, mixed, non‐manual). Immigrant, visible, and linguistic minority status variables were used to describe job composition. The frequency rate of compensated health problems and the average duration of compensation determined job risk level. The relationship between the social composition and risk level of jobs was evaluated with Kendall correlations.ResultsThe proportion of immigrants and minorities was positively and significantly linked to the risk level across job categories. Many relationships were significant for women only. In analyses done within manual jobs, relationships with the frequency rate reversed and were significant, except for the relationship with the proportion of individuals with knowledge of French only, which remained positive.ConclusionsImmigrants, visible, and linguistic minorities in Montréal are more likely to work where there is an increased level of compensated risk. Reversed relationships within manual jobs may be explained by under‐reporting and under‐compensation in vulnerable populations compared to those with knowledge of the province's majority language. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:875–885, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Racial and ethnic disparities in work‐related injuries and socio‐economic resources among nursing assistants employed in US nursing homes
Authors: Tak SangWoo , Alterman Toni , Baron Sherry , Calvert Geoffrey M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to estimate the proportion of nursing assistants (NAs) in the US with work‐related injuries and insufficient socio‐economic resources by race/ethnicity.MethodsData from the 2004 National Nursing Assistant Survey (NNAS), a nationally representative sample survey of NAs employed in United States nursing homes, were analyzed accounting for the complex survey design.ResultsAmong 2,880 participants, 44% reported “scratch, open wounds, or cuts” followed by “back injuries” (17%), “black eyes or other types of bruising” (16%), and “human bites” (12%). When compared to non‐Hispanic white NAs, the adjusted rate ratio (RR) for wound/cut was 0.74 for non‐Hispanic black NAs (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–0.85). RRs for black eyes/bruises were 0.18 for non‐Hispanic black NAs (95% CI: 0.12–0.26), and 0.55 for Hispanic NAs (95% CI: 0.37–0.82).ConclusionsMinority racial and ethnic groups were less likely to report having experienced injuries compared with non‐Hispanic white NAs. Future research should focus on identifying preventable risk factors, such as differences by race and ethnicity in the nature of NA jobs and the extent of their engagement in assisting patients with activities of daily living. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:951–959, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further investigation of the association between rs7341475 and rs17746501 and schizophrenia
Authors: Ben‐David Eyal ,   The International Schizophrenia Consortium, Shifman Sagiv 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) with small sample size have had limited statistical power in identifying schizophrenia susceptibility genes. This is exemplified by the fact that one of the most convincing associations was detected only after meta‐analyses of three different GWAS. Here we used meta‐analysis to study the association of two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7341475 and rs17746501) previously indicated to be associated with schizophrenia by a GWAS of Ashkenazi Jews (AJ). In the initial report, rs7341475 was associated only in women, while rs17746501 was associated in both men and women. We collected genotyping results of samples published in four GWAS for the two SNPs, additional to results from AJ. We used the Mantel–Haenszel method to combine the data of the different samples. For both SNPs, the results of the meta‐analysis of all samples, including the initial report, did not reach a genome‐wide significance level. However, the association between rs7341475 and schizophrenia in women, after excluding the data from AJ, was significant (P = 9.0 × 10−3), with a calculated odds ratio (OR) of 1.11, much smaller than the original result. Association between rs17746501 and schizophrenia was significant in four of the new samples, showing evidence for heterogeneity and very small effect when tested across all samples (P = 0.016, OR = 1.06). These findings suggest that the two SNPs might have a small effect on schizophrenia risk and suggest that meta‐analyses of very large samples are needed to adequately study the contribution of common variants to schizophrenia susceptibility. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Field primatology of today: current ethical issues
Authors: MacKinnon K.C. , Riley E.P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAs members of professional organizations such as American Society of Primatologists (ASP) and the International Primatological Society (IPS), primatologists must adhere to a set of nonhuman primate‐focused principles outlined in resolutions and policy statements on, for example, the ethical treatment of nonhuman primates. Those of us that work in the field must also address issues such as the protection of primate health in the wild and the conservation of wild primate populations. Moreover, we increasingly find ourselves in complex situations where we must balance human and nonhuman primate needs and interests. The selection of commentary pieces in this edition of the American Journal of Primatology originated from presentations given in the symposium, Field Primatology of Today: Navigating the Ethical Landscape, held at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists (ASP) in September 2009. The goals of that symposium and these resulting commentary pieces are threefold: (1) to revive a discussion of key contemporary ethical issues faced by field primatologists, (2) to highlight the need for centrally placed ethical considerations in various facets of our professional lives, particularly research and teaching, and (3) to consider what a comprehensive ethical code that addresses all of these issues might look like. Am. J. Primatol. 72:749–753, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Putting the community back in community ecology and education: the role of field schools and private reserves in the ethical training of primatologists
Authors: Garber P.A. , Molina A. , Molina R.L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn 1993 and 1999, with the assistance of a Nicaraguan family, we founded La Suerte Biological Research Station in northeastern Costa Rica and Ometepe Biological Research Station in southern Nicaragua as a privately owned conservation‐oriented business. Our goal was to develop a program of sustainable community ecology focused on education, research, and the conservation of primates and tropical forests. In order to accomplish this we developed field courses in which undergraduate and graduate students conduct scientific research, experience local cultures, and learn about conservation. Over 120 of these students have received doctoral degrees or are currently in graduate programs. Four doctoral dissertations, several MA theses, and some 20 scientific articles have been published based on research conducted at our field stations. In order to achieve our long‐term goals of preserving the environment, we also needed to engage directly with local communities to address their needs and concerns. To this end, we developed a series of community‐based initiatives related to health care, bilingual education, and conservation education using traditional and on‐line teaching tools. In this article, we describe our efforts in Costa Rica and Nicaragua teaching conservation‐oriented field courses and working with the local human communities. Building upon these experiences, we outline a set of ethical considerations and responsibilities for private reserves, conservation‐oriented businesses, NGOs, and conservancies that help integrate members of the local community as stakeholders in conservation. Am. J. Primatol. 72:785–793, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thalamic sensitization transforms localized pain into widespread allodynia
Authors: Burstein Rami , Jakubowski Moshe , Garcia‐Nicas Esther , Kainz Vanessa , Bajwa Zahid , Hargreaves Richard , Becerra Lino , Borsook David 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveFocal somatic pain can evolve into widespread hypersensitivity to nonpainful and painful skin stimuli (allodynia and hyperalgesia, respectively). We hypothesized that transformation of headache into whole‐body allodynia/hyperalgesia during a migraine attack is mediated by sensitization of thalamic neurons that process converging sensory impulses from the cranial meninges and extracephalic skin.MethodsExtracephalic allodynia was assessed using single unit recording of thalamic trigeminovascular neurons in rats and contrast analysis of blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signals registered in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of patients exhibiting extracephalic allodynia.ResultsSensory neurons in the rat posterior thalamus that were activated and sensitized by chemical stimulation of the cranial dura exhibited long‐lasting hyperexcitability to innocuous (brush, pressure) and noxious (pinch, heat) stimulation of the paws. Innocuous, extracephalic skin stimuli that did not produce neuronal firing at baseline (eg, brush) became as effective as noxious stimuli (eg, pinch) in eliciting large bouts of neuronal firing after sensitization was established. In migraine patients, fMRI assessment of BOLD signals showed that brush and heat stimulation at the skin of the dorsum of the hand produced larger BOLD responses in the posterior thalamus of subjects undergoing a migraine attack with extracephalic allodynia than the corresponding responses registered when the same patients were free of migraine and allodynia.InterpretationWe propose that the spreading of multimodal allodynia and hyperalgesia beyond the locus of migraine headache is mediated by sensitized thalamic neurons that process nociceptive information from the cranial meninges together with sensory information from the skin of the scalp, face, body, and limbs. ANN NEUROL 2010
The Hubbard model extended by nearest‐neighbor Coulomb and exchange interaction on a cubic cluster – rigorous and exact results
Authors: Schumann R. , Zwicker D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Hubbard model on a cube was revisited and extended by both nearest‐neighbor Coulomb correlation W and nearest‐neighbor Heisenberg exchange J. The complete eigensystem was computed exactly for all electron occupancies and all model parameters ranging from minus infinity to plus infinity. For two electrons on the cluster the eigensystem is given in analytical form. For six electrons and infinite on‐site correlation U we determinded the groundstate and the groundstate energy of the pure Hubbard model analytically. For fixed electron numbers we found a multitude of ground state level crossings depending on the various model parameters. Furthermore the groundstates of the pure Hubbard model in dependence on a magnetic field h coupled to the spins are shown for the complete U‐h plane. The critical magnetic field, where the zero spin groundstate breaks down is given for four and six electrons. Suprisingly we found parameter regions, where the ground state spin does not depend monotonously on J in the extended model. For the cubic cluster gas, i.e. an ensemble of clusters coupled to an electron bath, we calculated the density n (μ, T, h) and the thermodynamical density of states from the grand potential. The ground states and the various spin‐spin correlation functions are studied for both attractive and repulsive values of the three interaction constants. We determined the various anomalous degeneration lines, where n (μ, T = 0, h = 0) shows steps higher than one, since in this parameter regions exotic phenomena as phase separation are to expect in extended models. For the cases where these lines end in triple points, i.e. groundstates of three different occupation numbers are degenerated, we give the related parameter values. Regarding the influence of the nn‐exchange and the nn‐Coulomb correlation onto the anomalous degeneration we find both lifting and inducing of degeneracies depending on the parameter values.