bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome after Renal Transplantation in 26 Dogs
Authors: Hopper Kate , Mehl Margo L. , Kass Philip H. , Kyles Andrew , Gregory Clare R. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate clinical outcome in dogs after renal transplantation and determine predictors of outcome.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 26) that had renal allograft transplantation.MethodsMedical records (1994–2006) of 26 consecutive cases of dogs that had kidney transplantation were reviewed. History, signalment, pre‐ and postoperative clinicopathologic and monitoring variables, postoperative complications, immunosuppressive therapy, and survival were recorded.ResultsMedian survival was 24 days (range, 0.5 to 4014 days) with a probability of survival to 15 days of 50% and the 100‐day survival probability was 36%. Cause of death was attributed to thromboembolic disease in 8 dogs, infection in 6 dogs, and rejection in 1 dog. The only factor significantly associated with an increased likelihood of death was increasing age at time of surgery (P = .024).ConclusionsCanine renal transplantation in clinical patients is associated with a high morbidity and mortality and increasing recipient age has a negative association with outcome. Thromboembolic complications are a major cause of death in the immediate postoperative period and effective anticoagulation protocols may greatly improve survival in the future.
Femoral Angular Correction and Lengthening in a Large‐Breed Puppy Using a Dynamic Unilateral External Fixator
Authors: Petazzoni Massimo , Palmer Ross H. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveTo report treatment of a large‐breed puppy with combined distal femoral valgus and length deficit caused by partial distal physeal closure.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalsBernese Mountain Dog (4.5‐month‐old male).MethodsThe puppy was admitted for evaluation of a progressive severe left pelvic limb lameness (grade 3/4) of 6‐week duration. Distal femoral valgus and severe length deficit deformity were treated by acute angular correction using a closing wedge ostectomy and progressive rapid‐rate callus distraction using a dynamic, telescoping unilateral External Skeletal Fixator (ESF) designed for people. After acute angular correction and a 3‐day latency period, a mean linear distraction rate of 3 mm/day was maintained for 3 weeks. The dynamic ESF (dESF) was removed at 4 weeks, after a 1‐week consolidation phase.ResultsThe dESF was stable and functional during distraction and bone healing. Distal femoral valgus conformation improved 50° (from 41° to 91°) and femoral length increased 42 mm at dESF removal (from 158 mm to 200 mm; 27%). After cessation of bone growth, no valgus and minimal (6%) length deficit were detected. At 4, 5, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, the dog was walking, trotting, and galloping normally.ConclusionAcute angular correction and progressive rapid‐rate callus distraction using a unilateral dESF allowed satisfactory treatment of combined distal femoral valgus and length deficit in a large‐breed puppy.
Cutting Class Harms Grades
Authors: Taylor III Lewis A. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAn accessible business school population of undergraduate students was investigated in three independent, but related studies to determine effects on grades due to cutting class and failing to take advantage of optional reviews and study quizzes. It was hypothesized that cutting classes harms exam scores, attending preexam reviews helps exam scores, taking optional exam preparation quizzes helps exam scores, and earlier exam scores in the semester predict later exam scores. Using an objective measurement method of actual events and actual exam scores instead of the predominant nonexperimental survey method most often used, it was found that all hypotheses were significant and supported in the predicted direction. Implications for professors and students are provided, revealing that cutting class, missing preexam reviews, and ignoring chapter quizzes effects are real and they matter.
Skype Synchronous Interaction Effectiveness in a Quantitative Management Science Course
Authors: David Strang Kenneth 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAn experiment compared asynchronous versus synchronous instruction in an online quantitative course. Mann‐Whitley U‐tests, correlation, analysis of variance, t tests, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were utilized to test the hypothesis that more high‐quality online experiential learning interactions would increase grade. Quasi‐experimental controls included prior ability and demographic factors (gender, age). The control group used asynchronous discussion forums while the test group held synchronous sessions in Skype (chat, audio, and document sharing). A statistically significant MANCOVA model was created, using teaching method as a factor, and a count of online interactions (as a covariate), with assessment timing (as a blocking factor), to measure effect on grade.
Generalist Interest Organizations and Interest System Density: A Test of the Competitive Exclusion Hypothesis*
Authors: Lowery David , Gray Virginia , Kirkland Justin , Harden Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveWe examine the effects of interest community density on generalist interest organizations. A core element of population ecology theory is competitive exclusion, which suggests two hypotheses. First, through niche partitioning of the issue space among similar organizations and the comparative advantages of specialist organizations, generalists in heavily populated systems struggle to secure members more than their counterparts in less densely populated ones. Second, surviving generalists narrow the scope of their lobbying activities to fewer issues on which they hold comparative advantage.MethodsWe test both hypotheses through regression analysis of data on the mobilization and lobbying focus ofU.S. stateChambers ofCommerce.ResultsBoth participation in stateChambers and the number of bills thatChambers track decline as the business interest community becomes more densely populated.ConclusionsWe conclude that even stateChambers—the old bulls of the lobbying pasture—are powerfully influenced by competition among business interest organizations.
The Impact of High School Leadership on Subsequent Educational Attainment*
Authors: Rouse Kathryn E. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesUniversities increasingly emphasize the importance of leadership skills, but budget shortfalls in public high schools threaten the availability of leadership opportunities for many youths. Few studies, however, have examined the impact of high school leadership experience on key economic outcomes. This study narrows this gap by estimating the causal impact of leadership in high school on educational attainment measured several years later.MethodsThe article uses data from the National Education Longitudinal Study. To address selection bias, the effect of high school leadership is estimated using ordinary least squares, propensity score matching, and instrumental variables models.ResultsEvery estimation method and model specification examined implies that high school leadership has a large, positive impact on postsecondary educational attainment.ConclusionsThis article indicates the impact of high school leadership is, at a minimum, nontrivial. This result implies decisions regarding financial cutbacks for extracurricular activities should not be taken lightly.
The role of CK7, Ki‐67, CD34 and vimentin in the differentiation between biliary atresia and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis in Egyptian cholestatic neonates
Authors: AIAD HAYAM ABDEL SAMIE , KANDIL MONA ABDEL HALIM , SAMAKA REHAB MONIR , SULTAN MERVAT MAHMOUD , BADR MOHAMED TAWFIK , NADA GAMMAL ELDIN MAHMOUD 
Published: January 2012

Aiad HAS, Kandil MAH, Samaka RM, Sultan MM, Badr MT, Nada GEM. The role of ck7, ki‐67, cd34 and vimentin in the differentiation between biliary atresia and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis in egyptian cholestatic neonates. APMIS 2012; 120: 529–38.The differentiation between biliary atresia (BA) and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH) is challenging with many histological overlaps especially in the first weeks of life. This study aimed to investigate the role of immunohistochemical staining of CK7, Ki67, CD34, and vimentin in addition to other clinicopathological features in the differentiation between BA and INH. Cases included 30 infants with BA and 30 infants with INH. The diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory, and liver biopsy examination. Female gender and elevated serum gamma glutamyle transferase were in favor of BA. Portal tract changes, such as bile ductular proliferation documented by CK7, Ki67 immunostaining and angiogenesis documented by CD34 immunostaining, favored the diagnosis of BA. Copper associated protein was positive in 70% of BA cases, but not detected in INH cases. Parenchymatous changes, such as giant cell transformation and positive iron deposition and Kupffer cell proliferation documented by vimentin immunostaining, favored the diagnosis of INH.CK7, Ki67, CD34, and vimentin are helpful adjuvant immunostaining in the differentiation between BA and INH.
Induction of Cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 in Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells in Response to TLR ligands and TNF‐α
Authors: Joseph Theresa , Zalenskaya Irina A. , Yousefieh Nazita , Schriver Suzanne D. , Cote Lyn C. , Chandra Neelima , Doncel Gustavo F. 
Published: January 2012

ProblemMucosal inflammation caused by infections of the female lower genital tract is considered to be an important cofactor for HIV transmission. We hypothesize that COX‐2, a key inflammation‐related enzyme, is involved in these responses and is upregulated by microbial ligands and pro‐inflammatory cytokines.Method of studyHuman vaginal epithelial cells (VK‐2/E6E7) and ectocervical biopsy tissues were stimulated with TLR ligands and the cytokine TNF‐α, used as surrogates of vaginal infections, and assessed for COX‐2 expression and activity by microarray, real‐time RT‐PCR, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA.ResultsTLR agonists and TNF‐α induce transcriptional and translational expression of COX‐2 in vaginal cells. TLR ligands, MALP2, Pam3CSK4, LTA, and imiquimod induced high epithelial COX‐2 expression, while zymosan and poly dI:dC induced very low enzyme expression. Induced mRNA and protein expression correlated with increased COX‐2 activity, which led to increased levels of PGE2 in the cell culture supernatant. These cell‐based findings were confirmed in primary cervicovaginal tissue explants.ConclusionInduction of COX‐2 expression and activity and the consequent increased levels of prostaglandins are common inflammatory pathways in human cervicovaginal epithelial cells and tissues in response to diverse TLR ligands and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These findings are relevant to the understanding of genital mucosal inflammation, its potential treatment, and its possible relationship with increased tissue susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection.
In vitroeffect of antipsychotics on brain energy metabolism parameters in the brain of rats
Authors: Scaini Giselli , Rochi Natália , Morais Meline O. S. , Maggi Débora D. , De-Nês Bruna T. , Quevedo João , Streck Emilio L. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveTypical and atypical antipsychotic drugs have been shown to have different clinical, biochemical and behavioural profiles. It is well described that impairment of metabolism, especially in the mitochondria, leads to oxidative stress and neuronal death and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases in the brain. In this context, we investigated thein vitroeffect of antipsychotic drugs on energy metabolism parameters in the brain of rats.MethodsClozapine (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml), olanzapine (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) and aripiprazole (0.05, 0.15 and 0.3 mg/ml) were suspended in buffer and added to the reaction medium containing rat tissue homogenates and the respiratory chain complexes, succinate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase (CK) activities were evaluated.ResultsOur results showed that olanzapine and aripriprazole increased the activities of respiratory chain complexes. On the other hand, complex IV activity was inhibited by clozapine, olanzapine and aripriprazole. CK activity was increased by clozapine at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml in prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus and posterior cortex of rats. Moreover, olanzapine and aripiprazole did not affect CK activity.ConclusionIn this context, if the hypothesis that metabolism impairment is involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is correct and these results also occurin vivo, we suggest that olanzapine may reverse a possible diminution of metabolism.
Development of the breast milk expression experience measure
Authors: Flaherman Valerie J. , Gay Barbara , Scott Cheryl , Aby Janelle , Stewart Anita L. , Lee Kathryn A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractExclusive breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition through 6 months. Recent research has shown that milk expression may affect breastfeeding duration. A woman's experience with milk expression might mediate the effect of milk expression on breastfeeding duration. The objective of this study was to develop a measure to evaluate women's experiences of expressing milk. Based on the available literature, we developed a brief measure of the Breast Milk Expression Experience (BMEE) assessing three dimensions: (1) social support for milk expression; (2) ease of learning how to express milk; and (3) personal experiences of milk expression. All items used 1–5 Likert scales, with higher scores indicating better experiences. We administered the items immediately after expression to 68 mothers who expressed milk post‐partum. We evaluated this measure for reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Mothers completing the BMEE were 57% primiparous with 75% vaginal births. The BMEE demonstrated appropriate reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.703 for the summary index and 0.719–0.763 for social support, learning experience and personal experience subscales. The BMEE also indicated good predictive validity; of the six mothers who had a mean score <3 on the 11‐item scale post‐partum, two (33.3%) were expressing breast milk at 1 month, compared with 37 (80.4%) of the 46 mothers who had a mean score ≥3 on the 11‐item scale post‐partum (P = 0.012). The BMEE is a promising measure of milk expression experience in this population. Use of this measure may allow improved understanding of women's experiences expressing milk.
Association of Erectile Dysfunction with Atopic Dermatitis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Chung Shiu-Dong , Keller Joseph J. , Lin Herng-Ching 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Some studies have highlighted the high prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, chronic hand eczema, and systemic sclerosis. However, to date, there is still no study that has explored the relationship between ED and atopic dermatitis (AD).

Aim
Using a population-based data set, this case-control study aimed to examine the association of ED with prior AD by comparing the risk of prior AD between patients with ED and matched controls in Taiwan.

Methods
This study used administrative claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance program. We identified 3,997 patients with newly diagnosed ED as cases and randomly selected 19,985 subjects without a history of ED as controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for previously diagnosed AD between cases and controls.

Main Outcome Measure
The prevalence and risk of having been previously diagnosed with AD between cases and controls were calculated.

Results
Of the 23,982 sampled subjects, 1,758 (7.3%) had been previously diagnosed with AD; it was found among 425 (10.6%) cases and among 1,333 (6.7%) controls (P &lt; 0.001). Conditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated that cases were more likely to have prior AD than controls (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.42–1.80, P &lt; 0.001) after adjusting for monthly income, geographic location, urbanization level, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and alcohol abuse/alcohol dependence syndrome.

Conclusions
There was an association between ED and prior AD. We suggest that clinicians should be more attentive to sexual complaints from patients with AD.
Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Premenopausal Women: Efficacy of Flibanserin in the DAISY Study
Authors: Thorp John , Simon James , Dattani Dan , Taylor Leslie , Kimura Toshio , Garcia Jr. Miguel , Lesko Lynna , Pyke Robert 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is characterized by low sexual desire that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty.

Aim
To assess the efficacy and tolerability of flibanserin, a postsynaptic 5-HT1A agonist/5-HT2A antagonist, in the treatment of premenopausal women with HSDD.

Methods
North American premenopausal women with HSDD (mean age 35 years) were randomized to 24 weeks’ treatment with flibanserin 25 mg twice daily (N = 396), 50 mg twice daily (N = 392), 100 mg once daily at bedtime (N = 395), or placebo (N = 398).

Main Outcome Measures
Co-primary endpoints were changed from baseline to study end in number of satisfying sexual events (SSE) and sexual desire score, measured daily using an eDiary. Secondary endpoints included change in Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R) total score and Item 13 score (distress due to low sexual desire), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) total and desire domain scores, and Patient’s Global Impression of Improvement.

Results
Flibanserin 100 mg once daily was associated with an increase in SSE (P &lt; 0.01 vs. placebo) but the 25 mg and 50 mg twice daily doses were not. No group showed a significant increase in eDiary desire score vs. placebo. All flibanserin regimens improved FSDS-R total, FSDS-R Item 13, FSFI total, and FSFI desire domain scores vs. placebo (P &lt; 0.05, for all). More women receiving flibanserin 50 mg twice daily and 100 mg once daily considered their HSDD to have improved than women receiving placebo (44.1% and 47.0% vs. 30.3%, respectively) (P &lt; 0.000, 1 vs. placebo). The most frequently reported adverse events in women receiving flibanserin were somnolence (11.8%), dizziness (10.5%), and fatigue (10.3%).

Conclusion
In premenopausal women with HSDD, flibanserin 100 mg once daily was well tolerated and associated with statistically significant improvements in SSE, sexual desire (FSFI desire domain score but not eDiary desire score), sexual function, and decrease in sexual distress vs. placebo.
Stigma, Abortion, and Disclosure—Findings from a Qualitative Study
Authors: Astbury-Ward Edna , Parry Odette , Carnwell Ros 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study qualitatively explores perceptions of women who have experienced abortion care. It explores women’s journey through abortion from confirmation of pregnancy to post-abortion.

Aim
The study seeks to understand the implications of these perceptions for policy and practice.

Main Outcome Measures
A qualitative study involving in-depth semi-structured interviews with 17 women, aged between 22 and 57 years, who had undergone legal induced abortion in the UK when they were 16 years or older. Participants were not recruited under the age of 16 because of the ethical and legal complexities of interviewing minors. Additionally, 16 years was deemed to be the most appropriate age as this is the legal age of consent in the UK.

Methods
Participants were recruited from 12 community contraception and sexual health clinics in two NHS trusts, one in England and one in Wales. Participant recruitment was set at a minimum of 12 and participants were recruited on a “first come first served basis” (i.e., the first 12 who contacted the researcher). The number of participants was raised to seventeen as this was the number deemed to be the most suitable for data saturation in this particular qualitative research.

Results
Women in this study understood abortion as highly taboo and a potentially personally stigmatizing event. These perceptions continued to affect disclosure to others, long after the abortion, and affected women’s perceptions of the response of others, including society in general, significant others, and health professionals.

Conclusion
Women’s experiences of abortion may be influenced by perceived negative social attitudes. Health professionals and abortion service providers might combat the perceived isolation of women undergoing abortion by attending not only to clinical/technical aspects of the procedure but also to women’s psychological/emotional sensitivities surrounding the event.
An Event-Level Analysis of Adding Exogenous Lubricant to Condoms in a Sample of Men Who Have Vaginal Sex with Women
Authors: Reece Michael , Mark Kristen , Herbenick Debby , Hensel Devon J. , Jawed-Wessel Sofia , Dodge Brian 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Little is known about the characteristics of sexual events during which individuals choose to use lubricant with condoms.

Aims
The aims of this article were to evaluate the determinants of adding lubricant to condoms during baseline and at the event level, to assess the event-level variables’ influence on adding lubricants to condoms, and to assess the event-level influence of using condoms with lubricant on event-level condom attitudes.

Methods
A total of 1,874 men completed a 30-day Internet-based prospective daily diary study of sexual behavior and condom use.

Main Outcome Measures
Baseline data included demographic variables and information about condom education. Daily diary data included reports of penile-vaginal sex regarding intercourse duration, intercourse intensity, intoxication level, condom application method, partner contraceptive method, and partner and relationship characteristics.

Results
Lubricant was added to 24.3% of the study-provided condoms and 26.2% of the condoms selected by study participants. Those with more education and those who were married were more likely to add lubrication to condoms. Adding lubricant to condoms, a female partner putting the condom on with her hands and using contraception, and the event occurring with a wife (vs. girlfriend) was significantly associated with longer intercourse. Event-level lubricant and condom use significantly predicted lower willingness to buy the condom it was used with, as well as to recommend the condom. Adding exogenous lubricant was not related to the participants’ confidence in condoms as a method to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.

Conclusions
The event-level nature of this study provided for a more comprehensive assessment of the situational factors that are associated with applying lubricant to condoms. Findings from this study suggest that men are adding lubricant to condoms for reasons other than to increase condom efficacy.