bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on hydrometallugical reduction leaching of pyrolusite enhanced by electric field using pyrite as reductant
Authors: Zhao Yakun , Pan KeFeng , Yang RuiYao , Hou ChengShuo , Zhang Nan , Chen Geng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this paper, electric field as a chemical process intensification methods was utilized in the leaching experiment of manganese from pyrolusite using pyrite as reductant. The key leaching parameters under the action of electric field, such as liquid-to-solid ratio, mass ratio of pyrolusite and pyrite, H2SO4 molar concentration, stirring speed, leaching temperature, direct current density, were investigated, respectively. The results suggest the optimum parameters of liquid-to-solid ratio, mass ratio of pyrolusite and pyrite, H2SO4 molar concentration, stirring speed, leaching temperature, direct current density were 10ml/g, 10:3, 1.6mol/L, 250 r/min, 353K, 700 A/m2 under the leaching time of 3h, the manganese extraction efficiency of 96.22% was obtained, the manganese extraction rate of leaching with electric field is nearly 36% higher than that of leaching without electric field, indicating that the electric field enhanced ion migration to improve manganese leaching rate. In addition, phase analysis and morphology detection revealed that leaching slag with electric field contains less elemental sulfur and unreacted pyrolusite as well as pyrite. This further showed that the introduction of electric field promoted the high valence conversion of elemental sulfur, decreased the encapsulation effect of elemental sulfur on minerals, and led to efficient leaching of manganese.
In-domain versus Out-of-domain transfer learning for document layout analysis
Authors: De Nardin Axel , Zottin Silvia , Piciarelli Claudio , Foresti Gian Luca , Colombi Emanuela 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Data availability is a big concern in the field of document analysis, especially when working on tasks that require a high degree of precision when it comes to the definition of the ground truths on which to train deep learning models. A notable example is represented by the task of Document Layout Analysis in handwritten documents, which requires pixel-precise segmentation maps to highlight the different layout components of each document page. These segmentation maps are typically very time-consuming and require a high degree of domain knowledge to be defined, as they are intrinsically characterized by the content of the text. For this reason in the present work, we explore the effects of different initialization strategies for deep learning models employed for this type of task by relying on both in-domain and cross-domain datasets for their pre-training. To test the employed models we use 2 publicly available datasets with heterogeneous characteristics both regarding their structure as well as the languages of the contained documents. We show how a combination of cross-domain and in-domain transfer learning approaches leads to the best overall performance of the models, as well as speeding up their convergence process.
Finite Elements of Multiscale Mixtures (FE2M) in Three Dimensions: Theory, Numerical Implementation, and Analyses
Authors: Almasi Ashkan , Ricken Tim , Pierce David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The remarkable macro-mechanics of many soft tissues and fluid-saturated, porous engineered materials derive from the complex micro-mechanics of their constituents interacting. To facilitate mechanistic understanding and improved analyses (e.g. of experimental results) of the multi-scale mechanics of such materials we aimed to establish a computational framework specific to heterogeneous, fluid-saturated, soft tissues and engineered materials. The FE2 method is a general approach in finite elements (FEs) to describe the behavior of heterogeneous materials that circumvents the macroscopic constitutive model, instead a micro-scale representative volume element (RVE) analyses uses the same FE formulation to describe the nonlinear material behaviors resulting from the microstructure. We combined the theory of mixtures and the FE2 method (i.e. finite elements of multiscale mixtures, the FE2M method) to solve 3-D, two-scale, non-linear, coupled, and time-dependent boundary value problems for poroelastic materials. We established this multi-scale framework within FEBio (University of Utah) to perform finite element discretizations of boundary value problems on both macro- and micro-scales and thus facilitate new studies of fluid-saturated, biphasic/poroelastic materials. We investigated the performance of our FE2M framework using numerical experiments, specifically 3-D simulations of square plates with regular circular holes and included two different boundary conditions. Specifically, we studied the error behaviors, convergence rates, and run times, as well as the influence of size effects, i.e. the difference in scale between the macroscale (global) models and the microscale (local) RVE models for biphasic materials. Our results show that there is a size effect but that, with careful application of the framework, we can make the error arbitrarily small. Our FE2M framework is ideally suited to bridge the joint, tissue, and intra-tissue scales inherent in the biomechanics of soft tissues, but have not yet been applied to multi-phase, heterogeneous and fibrous materials. We provide free, public access to our FE2M framework as a plugin for FEBio, including a short user manual and input files for simple test cases, at github.uconn.edu/imLab/FE2M Resources.
Whole genome sequencing and analysis of Inonotus hispidus isolated from the Chengde Mountain Resort, China
Authors: Fu Chunzheng , Song Yongxue , Zhang Donghao , Wang Hui , Chen Xiuling , Li Jisheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Inonotus hispidus is an edible medicinal macrofungus whose nutritional and therapeutic qualities are well-known. The species is widely distributed in Asia, Europe, North Africa, and North America. As a medicinal and health resource it is highly valued in East Asian countries, notably China, Japan, and South Korea. The antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, hypolipidemic, and immunomodulatory activity of I. hispidus have been documented. In this study, we utilized a combination of Illumina NovaSeq and PacBio Sequel platforms to sequence the whole genome of a strain of I. hispidus named "CDMR" after the Chengde Mountain Resort (Hebei Province, China), where the spores of fresh wild fruiting bodies were collected. The genome size of I. hispidus CDMR was found to be 34.22 Mb, containing 7,723 coding genes, 8,100 repetitive sequences, 91 tRNAs, 13 rRNAs, and 15 snRNAs. Sets of these genes were annotated using the following databases: GO (5,012 genes), KEGG (5,714), COG (1,209), NR (6,576), TCDB (297), InterPro (5,012), and Uniprot (1,639). In addition, we found 313, 340, 128, 116, and 728 genes related to carbohydrate-active enzymes, secretory proteins, secondary metabolism, Cytochrome P450, and pathogen–host interactions, respectively. Our findings offer comprehensive insights into the genome of I. hispidus CDMR, fostering the exploration of genomic and functional variances among I. hispidus populations from diverse regions. Moreover, this study contributes to the advancement of the genetic and genomic investigations of the nutritional and therapeutic attributes of I. hispidus.
Clinical and medical economic value of screening colonoscopy before laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Igami Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Masanao , Ishikawa Takuya , Yamamura Takeshi , Yamao Kentaro , Maeda Keiko , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Sawada Tsunaki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Mizuno Takashi , Yamaguchi Junpei , Onoe Shunsuke , Sunagawa Masaki , Watanabe Nobuyuki , Baba Taisuke , Kawakatsu Shoji , Kawashima Hiroki , Ebata Tomoki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purposes:
Clinical value of screening colonoscopy (SC) has been widely accepted; however, its clinical utility remains controversial in patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim of this study is to confirm the clinical value of medical care costs for SC before LC.
Methods
Of the 509 patients who underwent LC, 335 patients underwent preoperative SC, and the remaining 174 patients did not. The electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and the technical fees of SC and endoscopic and/or surgical resection for colorectal neoplasia (CRN) were analyzed.
Results
In the 335 study patients, CRNs were identified in 179 patients (53.4%), including eight (2.4%) with adenocarcinomas, and 132 (39.4%) with tubular adenomas. The rate of advanced adenoma and adenocarcinoma were 13.1%. The total technical fees of SC and/or treatment of CRNs among the 335 study patients and surgical procedures among the four patients who were diagnosed with resectable colorectal carcinoma after LC were 13,125,700 JPY and 4,964,300 JPY, respectively. Regarding the technical fee per person, the former group (approximately 39,180 JPY) had much economic advantage compared to the latter group (1,241,075 JPY).
Conclusions
Scheduling LC is recognized as an important chance to undergo SC.
Pilbara Fat-Tailed Kangaroos: Using Multivariate and Morphometric Analyses to explore Spatial and Stylistic Variability
Authors: He Shiqin , Hughes Michael , Gilani Zulquarnain , Morrison Patrick , McDonald Jo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper presents an pioneering analysis of a distinctive motif in the engraved corpus of the Pilbara region: the fat-tailed macropod (kangaroo). This approach uses multivariate techniques and face morphometric analysis (FMA) software to explore stylistic variation. Focusing on engraved art (petroglyphs) in Australia’s northwest, this study aims to develop a statistically viable and repeatable approach to exploring stylistic variability by using morphometrics to quantify the significant attributes of these distinctive kangaroo depictions. Integration of multivariate analysis and cutting-edge FMA technology offers an innovative means of exploring the regional dimensions of a deep-time Indigenous artistic tradition. Differing degrees of stylistic homogeneity are interpreted as different signalling intentionality by the artists in different parts of this region. Landscape placement further reinforces how these motifs represent differently inscribing behaviours across the Pilbara: further evidence about identity production and artist intentionality. Distance metrics of the attributes reveal how indigenous knowledge of kangaroo behaviours has been depicted in these iconic Pilbara motifs.
Behavioral biometric optical tactile sensor that instantaneously decouples dynamic touch signals in real time
Authors: Lee Jiseok , Son Changil , Kim Jinyoung , Kang Dongwon , Park Seojoung , Jung Sanggyun , Ahn Seonghyeon , Lim Chanoong , Lee Dong Woog , Kim Donghyuk , Kim Jungwook , Ko Hyunhyub , Ryu Chaeyeong , Baek Dahye , Jung Geonyoung , Jeong Yundon , Park Jung-Hoon , Eom Jeongin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Decoupling dynamic touch signals in the optical tactile sensors is highly desired for behavioral tactile applications yet challenging because typical optical sensors mostly measure only static normal force and use imprecise multi-image averaging for dynamic force sensing. Here, we report a highly sensitive upconversion nanocrystals-based behavioral biometric optical tactile sensor that instantaneously and quantitatively decomposes dynamic touch signals into individual components of vertical normal and lateral shear force from a single image in real-time. By mimicking the sensory architecture of human skin, the unique luminescence signal obtained is axisymmetric for static normal forces and non-axisymmetric for dynamic shear forces. Our sensor demonstrates high spatio-temporal screening of small objects and recognizes fingerprints for authentication with high spatial-temporal resolution. Using a dynamic force discrimination machine learning framework, we realized a Braille-to-Speech translation system and a next-generation dynamic biometric recognition system for handwriting.
Oxygen-confined photooxidation represents a novel form of oxidative protein damage
Authors: Min Duyoung , Kim Seoyoon , Kim Eojin , Park Mingyu , Kim Sung Ho , Kim Byung-Gyu , Sadongo Victor , Wijesinghe W.C. Bhashini , Eom Yu-Gon , Yoon Gwangsu , Lee Chaiheon , Jeong Hannah , Kim Chae Un , Myung Kyungjae , Choi Jeong-Mo , Min Seung Kyu , Kwon Tae-Hyuk 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Oxidative modifications can disrupt protein folds and functions and are strongly associated with human aging and diseases. Conventional oxidation pathways typically involve the free diffusion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which primarily attack the protein surface. Yet, it remains unclear whether and how internal protein folds capable of trapping oxygen (O2) contribute to oxidative damage. Here, we reveal a novel pathway of protein damage, which we refer to as O2-confined photooxidation. In this process, O2 is captured in protein cavities and subsequently converted to singlet oxygen (1O2), a highly reactive ROS, under blue light irradiation. The generated 1O2 then attacks the protein interior through constrained diffusion, causing protein damage. The effects of this photooxidative reaction are extensive, affecting a wide range of cellular proteins, as supported by whole-cell proteomic analysis. This photooxidative mechanism may represent a latent oxidation pathway in human tissues directly exposed to visible light, such as skin and eyes.
Acute Ischemic Stroke Management at Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh: The Crucial Role of Alteplase in Thrombolysis
Authors: Biswaas Himel Kumar , Biswas Rama ,   Sheikh Nafis - ur Rahman1, Mahadi Ashrafur Rahaman 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A 70-year-old hypertensive and past smoker gentleman presented an acute ischemic stroke with an NIHSS score of 12. Intravenous thrombolysis using Alteplase led to a remarkable recovery, reducing the NIHSS score to 2 within 48 hours. This highlights intravenous thrombolysis' efficacy in acute ischemic stroke management in low-resource settings in Bangladesh.
Aging associated with cardiovascular mortality: Demographic distribution and mortality in northern Peru 2022-2023
Authors: Zavaleta-Corvera Carlos , Guarniz Dora Guevara , Caballero-Alvarado José 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate the demographic distribution and cardiovascular mortality in northern Peru during the years 2022 and 2023, to identify associated factors that influence these diseases.
Methods
A retrospective observational epidemiological study was carried out, analyzing demographic and cardiovascular mortality data of individuals who died in northern Peru during the year 2022-23. Official sources were used to collect the data, guaranteeing the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. Statistical analyzes were carried out to evaluate mortality trends, the main causes of cardiovascular death, and the relationship between demographic variables and mortality rates.
Results
10,739 people were included in the analysis. The majority were older adults between 70 and 89 years old (67.53%), with a slight preponderance of men (51.63%). The predominant health coverage was public(SIS, Essalud, PNP Health, EP, FAP, naval) with 90.61% being theSIS the most frequent (52.01%). Unspecified myocardial infarction and bacterial pneumonia were the main causes of death during the time period analyzed. The correlation between age and mortality rate was positive and strong (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.415, p < 0.001). The simple linear regression model showed that age was a significant factor in predicting the mortality rate (p < 0.001), with a beta coefficient of 0.002 and an R square of 0.173 (17.3% of the variability in the mortality rate). mortality).
Conclusions
The study indicates the critical influence of age as a predictor of mortality. Myocardial infarction being the main cause of mortality.
Metabolic syndrome components: Obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension as plausible biomarkers for breast cancer risk in Yemeni women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sumaily Khalid M , Dahman Lotfi S Bin , Sabi Essa M , Mujamammi Ahmed H , Mugibel Muna A , Binashikhbubkr Noof K , Kaleem Waleed K , Badheeb Ahmed M , Al-Nakhbi Naela A , AlAfaleq Nouf O , Bahabara Jamal O 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are all important factors associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (BC) among overweight and obese women. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the components of MetS and the risk of BC, as well as whether these components could serve as potential biomarkers for BC risk. Methods The study included a total of sixty-nine (69) Yemeni women diagnosed with BC, with an average age of 48.17 ± 11.0 years. These participants were recruited from the Hadhramout National Oncology Center in Yemen and took part in a cross-sectional study conducted from 1st March to 30th June 2021. Various measures related to metabolic syndrome were assessed, including measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WH ratio), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), and insulin. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined by calculating the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Relsults More than half of the participants were diagnosed with BC stage II (53%), while the remaining had stage III (22%) or stage IV (25%). The results indicated positive correlations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.284, p = 0.018), total cholesterol (r = 0.373, p = 0.002), and LDL-C (r = 0.331, p = 0.005) with obesity. Furthermore, overweight and obese patients had significantly higher SBP (OR = 1.058, 95%CI = 1.007–1.111, p = 0.025), total cholesterol (OR = 1.023, 95%CI = 1.007–1.039, p = 0.004), and LDL-C (OR = 1.023, 95%CI = 1.006–1.041, p = 0.009) compared to those with normal weight. Additionally, hypertensive patients had significantly higher BMI (OR = 1.078, 95%CI = 1.006–1.155, p = 0.033) and HbA1c (OR = 1.868, 95%CI = 1.100-3.171, p = 0.021) than normotensive patients. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated increasing trends between BMI, SBP, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and LDL-C among Yemeni women with BC, indicating that obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are closely associated with the development and progression of BC. Consequently, these results provide further evidence supporting the role of these components as potential biomarkers for an increased risk of BC.
A protocol and analysis of year-long simulations of global storm-resolving models and beyond
Authors: Takasuka Daisuke , Satoh Masaki , Miyakawa Tomoki , Kodama Chihiro , Klocke Daniel , Stevens Bjorn , Vidale Pier Luigi , Terai Christopher R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We propose a protocol to evaluate and analyze year-long simulations of global storm-resolving models (GSRMs). The proposed protocol complements an earlier 40-day simulation protocol under the DYAMOND (DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains) project to allow the analysis of the seasonal cycle and associated climatic relevant phenomena. This intercomparison aims to reveal how GSRMs, which can simulate meso-scale convective systems (MCSs) in the global domain, reproduce atmospheric large-scale structures related to convection beyond month-long simulations. The intercomparison for one-year simulations is conducted either by atmosphere-only models or atmosphere-ocean coupled models with atmospheric horizontal mesh sizes less than 5 km. We recommend the continuous four seasons from March 2020 to February 2021 as a target period for the intercomparison but with options for many groups to join more flexibly. The output variables are collected at 0.25° resolution, and archives of a small set of native grid variables are encouraged to analyze tropical cyclones and MCSs. Through the proposed global storm-resolving simulation, we will evaluate the climatological distributions of the atmospheric large-scale circulations, such as Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), monsoon, and mid-latitude jets, and their time evolution. We present sample analyses from a one-year simulation using the 3.5-km mesh Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM), revealing the realistic zonal contrast of tropical precipitation, no double ITCZ structure, the reasonable mid-latitude jet position and intensity but a weak bias of storm track activities, and a warm bias over the Eurasia during boreal winter. The proposed one-year simulation protocol is not unique or definite for evaluating GSRMs; we prospect a hierarchical set of experiments from short-term to multi-year simulations as GSRM intercomparisons.
Application of ultrasonic vibration in magnesium alloy lap welding
Authors: Tian Yuqin 
Published: May 2024

In order to enhance the performance of magnesium alloy and galvanized steel welds, ultrasonic vibration was applied to the laser welding process, and the effect of ultrasonic on mechanical properties was verified through experimental methods. The laser welding system for the lap weld seam was designed, and the ultrasonic vibration module and image detection module were added, which can obtain the influence of ultrasonic vibration on the molten pool area. Under the conditions of ultrasonic vibration power of 1000 W and 0 W, the characteristics of the weld pool area, metallographic structure, tensile strength, fracture morphology, hardness, residual stress, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the weld specimen were compared. The image data acquisition structure indicated that ultrasonic vibration can effectively reduce the ineffective area of the molten pool and make the energy in the molten pool more concentrated. Under the influence of ultrasonic vibration, the maximum molten pool area decreased to 5.38 mm2, with a variation range of 3.9 %, and the proportion of pores was greatly reduced. Research found that ultrasonic vibration can significantly improve the microstructure characteristics of the fusion welding zone, with an average grain size reduced to 23 μm. The reduction of grain size and refinement of microstructure were beneficial to the improvement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloy joints, with a yield strength increase of 6.5 %. Ultrasonic vibration had little effect on the hardness of the heat affected zone, it can increase the average hardness of the weld zone by more than 5 % and reduce the maximum residual stress by more than 50 %. Under different pressure and friction speed conditions, the maximum wear amount can be reduced by more than 25 %. At the same time, the resistance to oxidation corrosion and electrochemical corrosion also can be improved to a certain extent.