bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloning and extracellular expression of inulin fructotransferase from Arthrobacter aurescens SK 8.001 in E. coli
Authors: Zhao Meng , Mu Wanmeng , Jiang Bo , Hang Hua , Zhou Liuming , Zhang Tao 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Difructose anhydride (DFA) III is a natural and low‐calorie sweetener. It stimulates the absorption of calcium and other minerals. Inulin fructotransferase (IFTase; EC 4.2.2.18), catalysing inulin hydrolysis to DFA III, is considered to be the most promising enzyme for the production of DFA III.RESULTS: IFTase gene from Arthrobacter aurescens SK 8.001 was cloned and sequenced. Transformant with native IFTase signal peptide was a useful system for extracellular over‐expression of IFTase, and its extracellular IFTase activity reached 81.0 U mL−1. This value was 4.1‐fold of that obtained with A. aurescens SK 8.001 for IFTase production. The recombinant IFTase was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 55 °C, and retained 81.3% of its initial activity after incubation at 60 °C for 4 h.CONCLUSION: IFTase gene from A. aurescens SK 8.001 was cloned, sequenced and over‐expressed in E. coli. IFTase was reported for the first time to be over‐expressed extracellularly. The recombinant IFTase was purified and characterized, and shown to be a good candidate for potential application in DFA III production. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Prognostic significance of high podoplanin expression after chemoradiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Chao Yin‐Kai , Chuang Wen‐Yu , Yeh Chi‐Ju , Wu Yi‐Cheng , Liu Yun‐Hen , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Cheng Ann‐Joy , Hsueh Chuen , Liu Hui‐Ping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe correlation between high tumor podoplanin (PP) immunoreactivity and poor outcome in patients with non‐chemoradiotherapy(CRT) pretreated upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been reported recently. Little is known about the implication of PP expression after CRT. Therefore, we conducted this study.MethodsWe evaluated the PP immunoreactivity in ypT3N0 esophageal SCC patients by using immunohistochemistry. The impact of PP expression intensity in tumors on patient survival was judged in combination with clinical and pathological descriptors.ResultsOur study included 109 males and 4 females (mean age, 57.6 years; range, 38–79 years). PP immunoreactivity was expressed in tumors in 95% of patients and 38% of patients had high PP expression. High PP expression tumors had positive association with lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Multivariate analyses revealed tumor PP immunoreactivity and circumferential resection margin (CRM) status as independent prognostic factors. Patients with positive CRM and high PP expression had shortest survival followed by those with either positive CRM or high PP expression, and then by patients with neither positive CRM nor high PP expression (5‐year disease‐specific survival: 5%, 20%, 40%, P < 0.001).ConclusionTumor PP immunoreactivity in conjunction with CRM status are useful markers to identify aggressive post‐CRT treated ypT3N0 stage esophageal SCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:183–188. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gastric cancer: Biology and clinical manifestations in Israel
Authors: Dreznik Ayelet , Purim Ofer , Idelevich Efraim , Kundel Yulia , Sulkes Jaqueline , Sulkes Aaron , Brenner Baruch 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer (GC) in Israel remains incompletely characterized. The aim of this study was to define the clinical and pathological characteristics of GC in Israel and to compare them to the general Western population.Patients and MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 461 consecutive GC patients treated at a single institution between 1995 and 2007. Epidemiological and clinical‐pathological data were retrieved from the patients' medical files and the institutional electronic database and analyzed using standard statistical methods.ResultsEpidemiology, clinical manifestations, histopathological findings, clinical course, and prognostic factors for disease outcome were all similar to those reported in the Western literature. Findings unique to the Israeli population included: (1) rarity of GC‐associated risk factors; (2) increased GC incidence in Ashkenazi Jews; (3) high incidence of second primary malignancy and family history of cancer; and (4) no dominancy of proximal GCs.ConclusionThere do not appear to be any major differences in the biology or clinical manifestations of GC in Israel. Western recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of GC may therefore be applied to the Israeli patient population. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:316–322. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinicopathologic variables predicting tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Lin Bo , Teng Rong Yue , Jiang Zi Nong , Hu Wen Xian , Dong Min Jun , Yuan Xiao Ming , Chen Wen Jun , Jin Mei , Shen Jian Guo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo identify clinicopathologic variables that could predict pathologic tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.MethodsThe study enrolled 108 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery between July 2004 and December 2010. Tumor responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assessed in terms of tumor regression. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors associated with pathologic tumor response.ResultsTumor regression was found in 22.2% (24/108) patients, patients with tumor regression observed better overall survival as compared to that of patients without tumor regression. Univariate and multivariate analyses observed that both tumor differentiation and tumor size were independent predictors of tumor regression.ConclusionsThis study suggests that both tumor differentiation and tumor size is the most important clinical predicator of pathologic tumor response, it may be of benefit in the selection of treatment options in locally advanced gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:293–296. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic significance of intraoperative chemotherapy and extensive lymphadenectomy in patients with node‐negative gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Jin , Yu Jian‐Chun , Kang Wei‐Ming , Ma Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDespite a relatively better prognosis, patients with node‐negative gastric cancer still suffer from metastasis and recurrence. To investigae the prognostic factors and appropriate therapies for these pN0 tumors, we analyzed the predictors and evaluated the impact of chemotherapy and extensive lymphadenectomy on survival.MethodsClinicopathologic features of 153 patients with pN0 gastric cancer were studied retrospectively. The prognostic factors were analyzed stratifying by pT1 and pT2–3 stage. The 5‐year survival rate (5‐YSR) of patients in different groups of chemotherapy and lymph nodes retrieved were compared.ResultsMultivariate analysis indicated pT, number of nodes retrieved, and chemotherapy as the independent predictors of advanced gastric cancer; anemia was the only independent predictor of early gastric cancer. Survival of patients with pT3 got improved significantly by intraoperative chemotherapy and retrieval of more than 25 nodes, but neither of them benefited patients with pT1–2. Moreover, in pT3 status, 5‐YSR of patients with intraoperative chemotherapy was still poorer than those with postoperative chemotherapy and combined chemotherapy.ConclusionsIn pN0 gastric cancers, prognostic factors differed significantly between early stage and advanced stage. For patients with pT3, besides curative gastrectomy and postoperative chemotherapy, it might be beneficial to perform intraoperative chemotherapy and extensive lymphadenectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:400–404. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical significance of pathologic subtype in curatively resected ampulla of vater cancer
Authors: Kim Woo Seok , Choi Dong Wook , Choi Seoung Ho , Heo Jin Seok , You Dong Do , Lee Hyung Geun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundAmpullary cancer is considered to have a better prognosis than cancers of the distal bile duct and pancreas, and recent publications emphasize the prognostic importance of the histologic differentiation of the intestinal and pancreatobiliary types of ampullary cancer. The aims of this study were to identify those factors that affect recurrence after curative resection and to investigate differences between the clinicopathologic features of these two pathologic subtypes.Patients and MethodsThe medical records of patients that underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary carcinoma from February 1995 to March 2009 at our institute were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred and four patients that underwent curative resection for ampullary carcinoma were enrolled in this study. One pathologist reviewed all pathologic reports and histopathologic findings. Data on clinicopathologic factors and disease free and overall survival were analyzed.ResultsThe 3‐ and 5‐year disease free survival rates of the 104 study subjects were 62.2% and 57.7%, respectively, and overall survival rates were 69.4% and 60.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that an advanced T stage (P = 0.049), the presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.003), poor differentiation (P = 0.039), and the pancreatobiliary type (P = 0.022) significantly increased the risk of recurrence. Furthermore, the pancreatobiliary type was found to be more associated with an advanced T stage (P = 0.009), regional lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007), and perineural invasion (P = 0.026) than the intestinal type. In addition, pathologic subtype analysis showed that Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level and lymph node metastasis were important predictors of recurrence in patients with the intestinal (P = 0.013) and pancreatobiliary types, respectively (P = 0.003).ConclusionsAn advanced T stage, nodal metastasis, poor differentiation, and the pancreaticobiliary type were found to be independent predictors of recurrence after curative resection of ampullary carcinoma by multivariate analysis. In addition, the pancreatobiliary type tended to present in a more advanced T stage and more frequently with regional lymph node involvement and perineural invasion than the intestinal type. Furthermore, CEA level and lymph node metastasis were found to be independent predictors of recurrence for the intestinal and pancreatobiliary types, respectively. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:266–272. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid simultaneous determination of isoflavones in Radix puerariae using high‐performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with novel shell‐type column
Authors: Du Gang , Zhao Haiyu , Song Yuelin , Zhang Qingwen , Wang Yitao 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed for rapid determination of 13 isoflavones in Radix puerariae. A novel shell‐type column, namely Kinetex core‐shell C18 column (50 mm×2.1 mm id, 2.6 μm), and gradient elution were used during the analysis. The chromatographic peaks of 13 investigated compounds were identified by comparing their retention time and MS data with the related reference compounds. Multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRM) was employed for the quantitative analysis with negative ionization mode. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2>0.9990) within test ranges. The LOD and LOQ were lower than 0.017 and 0.873 μg/mL on column, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions for 13 analytes were <1.17 and 2.17%, respectively, and the recoveries were 93.1–104.4%. The validated method was applied for quantitative analysis of 13 isoflavones in 7 species of Radix puerariae. The result demonstrated that HPLC‐MS/MS system with Kinetex column could be a promising analytical tool for the determination of isoflavones in traditional Chinese medicines, which is helpful for comprehensive evaluation of quality of R. puerariae.
Adolescent exposure to the World Trade Center attacks, PTSD symptomatology, and suicidal ideation
Authors: Chemtob Claude M. , Madan Anita , Berger Pinchas , Abramovitz Robert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study examined the associations between different types of trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and suicidal ideation among New York City adolescents 1 year after the World Trade Center attacks. A sample of 817 adolescents, aged 13–18, was drawn from 2 Jewish parochial high schools (97% participation rate). We assessed 3 types of trauma exposure, current (within the past month) and past (within the past year) suicidal ideation, and current PTSD symptoms. Findings indicated that probable PTSD was associated with increased risk for suicidal ideation. Exposure to attack‐related traumatic events increased risk for both suicidal ideation and PTSD. However, specific types of trauma exposure differentially predicted suicidal ideation and PTSD: knowing someone who was killed increased risk for PTSD, but not for suicidal ideation, and having a family member who was hurt but not killed, increased risk for suicidal ideation, but not for PTSD. This study extends findings from the adult literature showing associations between trauma exposure, PTSD, and increased suicidal ideation in adolescents.
Radical copolymerization of fullerene (C60) and n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) using triphenylbismuthonium ylide and characterization of C60–BMA copolymers
Authors: Katiyar Rashmi , Bag Dibyendu S. , Nigam Indira 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRadical copolymerization of fullerene (C60) and n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) has been carried out using triphenylbismuthonium ylide as an initiator at 70°C for 4 h in a dilatometer under nitrogen atmosphere. The kinetic expression of the polymerization is Rpα [Ylide]0.5[C60]−1.0[BMA]1.2, which is similar to that expected for ideal kinetics. The rate of polymerization increases with an increase in the concentration of initiator and BMA. However, it decreases with an increase in the concentration of fullerene. Fullerene acts as radical scavengers causing retardation in polymerization. The activation energy of copolymerization was estimated to be 72.2 K J mol−1. The fullerene‐containing BMA copolymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV–vis, and GPC analyses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 608–619, 2011
Solubility and hydrolysis of HCFC‐22 (CHF2Cl): Upward revision of rate constants for aqueous reactions of CHF2Cl with OH− at elevated temperature
Authors: Kutsuna Shuzo , Hori Hisao , Naganuma Makoto , Shimono Akio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHenry's law constants of CHF2Cl in water at temperature T in K, KH(T) in M atm−1, were determined to be ln(KH(T))=−(11.1±1.5)+((2290±500)/T) at 313–363 K by means of a phase ratio variation headspace method. The temperature‐dependent rate constants for aqueous reactions of CHF2Cl with OH−, k(T) in M−1 s−1, were also determined to be 3.7×1013exp(−(11, 200/T)) at 313–353 K, by considering the gas–water equilibrium, the aqueous reaction at room temperature, and liquid‐phase diffusion control. The liquid‐phase diffusion control was approximated with a one‐dimensional diffusion first‐order irreversible chemical reaction model. The k(T) value we determined is 10 times (at 353 K) or 3 times (at 313 K) as large as the value reported (R. C. Downing, Fluorocarbon Refrigerants Handbook, Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1988). This upward revision of k(T) indicates that the removal efficiency of CHF2Cl directly through the hydrolysis (CHF2Cl + OH−) is higher than previously expected at temperatures, such as 353 K, relevant to wet flue gas cleaning systems for ozone‐destruction substance‐destruction facilities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 639–647, 2011
Revisiting human nose anatomy: Phylogenic and ontogenic perspectives
Authors: Jankowski Roger 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis review suggests revisiting nose anatomy by considering the ethmoidal labyrinths as part of the olfactory nose and not as paranasal sinuses.Phylogenetically, the olfactory and respiratory organs of the most primitive vertebrates are separated. Exaptation, a mechanism of evolution, may explain the fusion of the olfactory and respiratory organs in dipnoi. The respiratory and olfactory noses remain anatomically separated by the transverse lamina in most mammals, whose olfactory labyrinth is a blind recess housing the ethmoturbinates. In humans, the partitioning between the olfactory cleft and the ethmoid labyrinth seems to be a consequence of ethmoid bone remodeling induced by the acquisition of an upright posture. The ethmoid bone is derived from the cartilaginous nasal capsule of primitive vertebrates and considered to be a highly conserved region among the bony elements of the skull base. It appears to be involved only in housing and protecting the olfactory function.During the early stages of human fetal development, rupture of the oronasal membrane leads to the integration of the primary olfactory sac in the future respiratory organ. The cartilaginous nasal capsule appears in the tissue under the brain and around the olfactory channels. Its early fetal development is classically regarded as the beginning of paranasal sinus formation. From phylogenic and ontogenic perspectives, it may be regarded as the development of the olfactory labyrinth as modified by the remodeling process of the human face and skull base. The endochondral bony origin of the ethmoid labyrinths makes them substantially different from the other paranasal sinuses.
Synthesis and in vitro Characterization of Semitelechelic Poly[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]–Trastuzumab Conjugates Targeted to Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Jun H. , Sabnis Gauri , Nan Anjan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTrastuzumab (TRZ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (Her2). Semitelechelic (ST) poly[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]–TRZ conjugates are successfully synthesized and evaluated as a potential drug delivery system that actively targets Her2‐overexpressing cancer cells. The ST backbone shows favorable characteristics when conjugated to TRZ. The conjugate exhibits comparable and prolonged anticancer activity when compared to free TRZ in Her2 overexpressing breast cancer cell lines.magnified image
Micelles from Amphiphilic Block Copolyphosphates for Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhai Xiang , Huang Wei , Liu Jinyao , Pang Yan , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhou Yongfeng , Yan Deyue 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAmphiphilic block copolyphosphates (PEP‐b‐PIPPs) are synthesized by two‐step ROP of cyclic phosphate monomers with different pedant groups. They can spontaneously self‐assemble into approximately spherical micelles ranging in size between 89 and 198 nm in water. A typical hydrophobic anti‐cancer drug DOX is encapsulated into the micelles. The release rate of DOX slows down with increasing hydrophobic block length of PIPP. DOX‐loaded micelles are investigated for the proliferation inhibition of Hela cells and the DOX dose required for 50% cellular growth inhibition is found to be 0.8 µg mL−1. It is demonstrated that PEP‐b‐PIPP micelles can be used as a safe and promising drug delivery system.magnified image
Fluorescent Micelles Based on Star Amphiphilic Copolymer with a Porphyrin Core for Bioimaging and Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Luzhong , Lin Ying , Zhang Yajun , Chen Rui , Zhu Zhenshu , Wu Wei , Jiang Xiqun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStar‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) amphiphilic copolymer with a tetrakis‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐terminated porphyrin core was synthesized. Paclitaxel (PTX)‐loaded polymeric micelles were prepared by the self‐assembly of the star copolymer and in situ encapsulation of PTX. The fluorescent characteristic of the porphyrin moiety allowed the cellular uptake and biodistribution of the PTX‐loaded micelles to be monitored by fluorescent imaging. The PTX‐loaded micelles can be readily internalized by cancer cells and have a slightly higher cytotoxicity than clinic PTX injection Taxol. In vivo real‐time fluorescent imaging revealed that the micelles could accumulate at tumor site via the blood circulation in tumor‐bearing mice. In vivo antitumor efficacy examinations indicated that the PTX‐loaded micelles had significantly superior efficacy in impeding tumor growth than Taxol and low toxicity to the living mice.magnified image
Improved Tensile Strength and Ferroelectric Phase Content of Self‐Assembled Polyvinylidene Fluoride Fiber Yarns
Authors: Baji Avinash , Mai Yiu‐Wing , Du Xusheng , Wong Shing‐Chung 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn electrospinning method to obtain well‐aligned self‐assembled PVDF fibers in the form of yarn structures is presented. Post‐treatments such as stretching at 100 °C and annealing improve the tensile modulus and strength of the fibers by 17 and 41%, respectively. The results reveal that post‐treatment on fiber yarns induce crystallinity and β‐crystalline phase formation, which in turn impart a noticeable effect on the strength and stiffness of the fibers. An ≈10% improvement in the ferroelectric β‐crystalline phase fraction is estimated for the post‐treated yarns. Such yarn structures with improved strength and ferroelectric β‐phase content can be useful for nanoscale and microscale electronic devices.magnified image
Bequest giving: Revisiting donor motivation with dimensional qualitative research
Authors: Sargeant Adrian , Shang Jen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis research seeks to examine donor motivation for supporting nonprofits with a bequest. We employ dimensional qualitative research (DQR) procedures, demonstrating both the utility of the approach and how the framework can be employed to illuminate bequest giving. Employing an approach to data analysis based on grounded theory, our findings indicate that bequest gifts are motivated by a variety of factors, including a lack of family need, a need to live on, a desire to make a difference to a cause, reciprocity, and spite. In addition, we highlight a second‐order modality that emerged from the BASIC IDS analytical framework. Identification was found to be a highly influential factor in driving bequest‐giving behavior. A series of practical fund raising recommendations are offered to facilitate giving. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gestalt modeling of international tourism behavior: Applying dimensional qualitative research in constructing grounded theory
Authors: Martin Drew , Woodside Arch G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractConventional, dominant logic research methods include collecting and analyzing data to test hypotheses in a deductive theory using empirical positivistic methods. In contrast, grounded theory (i.e., building and revising propositional statements of relationships from questioning and observing informants in specific use contexts) constructs theory from data (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). This article demonstrates the application of McCracken's (1988) long interview method to collect data for grounded theory construction. Both emic (self) and etic (researcher) interpretations of international visitor experiences focus on making sense of leisure travel thinking processes (including unconscious/conscious beliefs, attitudes, and choices) and tourist behavior. In this article, long interviews of Japanese tourists visiting Hawaii's Big Island enable mapping and comparing visitors' plans, motivations, choices, and consequences. The results demonstrate nuanced complexities of visitors' travel‐related unconscious/ conscious thinking and behavior. Also, the findings uncover the emergence of a possible segment of visitors—the kyooiku tsuaa (education touring) segment for the State of Hawaii's largest island (i.e., Hawaii, also known as the Big Island). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.