bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contralateral Ear in Acquired Cholesteatoma
Authors: Schmidt Rosito Letícia Petersen , Selaimen Fabio André , Da Costa Sady Selaimen , Dornelles Cristina 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveAcquired cholesteatoma has been extensively studied. Theories that involve previous tympanic membrane retractions in its pathogenesis are the most accepted. However we do not know what happened in the contralateral ear. Our objective is to evaluate the prevalence of significant alterations in the contralateral ear of patients with acquired cholesteatoma.MethodThis is a transversal study. We evaluated 1015 patients with chronic otitis media in at least one ear and no previous surgery between August 2000 and January 2011. Otoendoscopy was carried out and recorded on the affected ear just as in the contralateral, which was classified as normal or abnormal.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty patients with chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma were included. The mean age was 31.7 years, and 52.7% were male. Only 35.6% of the contralateral ears were normal or had minimal alterations, such as tympanosclerosis, neotympanum, and mild tympanic membrane retraction. The most prevalent alterations were moderate and severe tympanic membrane retractions (42%), followed by cholesteatoma (17%).ConclusionThe results suggest that patients with acquired cholesteatoma have a greater probability of having some abnormality in the contralateral ear. The most common were eardrum retractions and cholesteatoma. This corroborates the idea that COM is not only an isolated event but a constitutional process with a high prevalence of bilaterality.
The Prevalence of Nose Base Asymmetry in General Population
Authors: Ottoline Ana Carolina , de Castro Lima Carla Freire , Mayerhoff Eric V. L. , Gomes Geraldo Augusto , Tomita Shiro 
Published: September 2011

Objective1) Evaluate the prevalence of asymmetry of the nasal base in the general population. 2) Quantify among the individuals who carried nasal base asymmetry how many were aware of the fact.MethodPhotos of the nasal base of 43 volunteers chosen randomly were taken using a macro lens. Individuals were classified as carriers or noncarriers of nasal base asymmetry. When any asymmetry was present, the image was shown to the carrier, asking whether they were aware or not of the asymmetry.ResultsForty‐three individuals between 13 and 70 years old were photographed (16 male and 27 female). The mean age was 43.11 years. Nineteen (44.19%) individuals showed some asymmetry of the nasal basal view. Of these, only 4 (21.05%) individuals were aware of their deformity.ConclusionNasal base asymmetry is a prevalent deformity. Most of the individuals (78.95%) are unaware of it. It can generate controversy if the cause of the deformity was or was not a result of surgery. Nasal base asymmetries should always be photographed.
Viable, Proliferating Progenitor Cells
Authors: Oiticica Jeanne , Batissoco Ana Carla , Lezirovitz Karina , Barboza Luiz Carlos M. , Haddad Luciana Amaral , Mingroni‐Netto Regina Célia , Bento Ricardo F. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveCompare conditions and outcomes of otosphere suspension cultures from dissociated organ of Corti of either mouse or guinea pig at postnatal day 3 (P3), and to evaluate the guinea pig as a potential cochlea donor for preclinical cell therapy.MethodOrgans of Corti were isolated from P3 guinea pig or mouse cochlea, dissociated, and cultivated under nonadherent conditions as cell clusters (otospheres), in DMEM:F12 medium, supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF), plus either basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or transforming growth factor alpha (TGFÎ±), and submitted to immunofluorescence assays.ResultsOtospheres from mouse and guinea pig organ of Corti cultivated in vitro retained properties of inner ear progenitor cells, such as self‐renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into hair cells or supporting cells. The best culture outcome was observed when mouse‐derived cells were cultivated in the presence of TGFÎ± instead of bFGF. Otosphere cell sorting will be additionally tested by flow cytometry of dissociated mouse cells. These ongoing experiments will be useful for the phenotype characterization of the progenitor cells presenting the best proliferating index.ConclusionThe expression of sox2 and nestin in guinea pig and mouse otosphere is supporting evidence for the presence of inner ear progenitor cells in P3 guinea pig. However, the proliferation and differentiation potential of mouse‐derived cells place this organism as a better model for studying early postnatal progenitor cell dynamics.
Would Caffeine Consumption Have Some Effect on the Perception of Tinnitus?
Authors: Schmidt Rosito Letícia Petersen , Vanni Bruna , Deutsch Konrado , de Brito Belline Vanessa 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveCaffeine has been implicated in the genesis of tinnitus. The current recommendation has been to avoid it, without any scientific evidence for this. Our objective is to examine whether the use of black coffee influences the tinnitus impact on quality of life.MethodWe included patients whose main complaint was tinnitus and its etiology presbycusis or noise‐induced hearing loss. It was questioned about the ingestion of black coffee and the amount of cups per day. For evaluation of tinnitus impact, we used the visual analogue scale and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI).ResultsThe study included 136 patients. The mean age was 63.8 years, and 57.5% were female. Of the total sample, 52% drank black coffee regularly, with an average of 2.5 cups per day. The 2 groups did not differ regarding gender and age. When we analyzed the consumption of black coffee, we found no statistically significant difference in both the visual analogue scale score and THI between groups. There was no significant correlation between the amount of coffee consumed per day and the score of the THI or between the visual analog scale scores.ConclusionThis study showed that daily intake of black coffee does not influence the degree of discomfort and quality of life of patients with chronic tinnitus. There is currently no sufficient scientific evidence that supports the recommendation of suspension of its consumption in this group of patients.
A 10‐Year Review of Laryngeal Cysts in an Asian Pediatric Population
Authors: Tay Valerie S. , Ho Rachel , Tan Henry K. 
Published: September 2011

Objective1) Evaluate the presentation and treatment of pediatric laryngeal cysts in an Asian population.2) Determine the success rates of surgery, and recommend a preferred surgical method.MethodA 10‐year (2000‐2010) retrospective analysis of the operative records of patients with laryngeal cysts at a tertiary children’s hospital in Singapore. A total of 29 patients were identified. All underwent microlaryngobronchoscopy under general anesthesia. We recorded the following: birth history, symptoms, operative details, and recurrence.ResultsOf the 29 children, 18 were boys, and 11 were girls. Only 8 children were preterm. Most of the children presented within the first 2 years of life. The 3 most common symptoms were stridor, respiratory distress, and hoarseness. There was a large proportion of patients with vallecular cysts (n = 14), accounting for nearly half of the cases. This is one of the largest published series to our knowledge. The most common treatment modalities used were CO2 laser marsupialization in 20 patients and excision with cold steel in 7 patients. Recurrence was documented in 4 patients (13.8%).ConclusionWe recommend that laryngeal cysts in children should be removed surgically, due to the risk of airway obstruction. Our preference is carbon dioxide laser marsupialization during microlaryngobronchoscopy. There is a low recurrence rate, and there were no postoperative complications in our study.
Anthropometric and Cephalometric Evaluation after Metzembaun Septoplasty Performed in Children
Authors: Tamashiro Edwin , Itikawa Carla E. , Costa Denise , Valera Fabiana C. P. , Demarco Ricardo , Anselmo‐Lima Wilma T. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveDuring septoplasty, important areas involved in nasal growth can be damaged, leading to a concern over whether septoplasty alters facial development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Metzenbaum septoplasty on nasal and facial growth in children.MethodChildren who underwent Metzembaun septoplasty before puberty had anthropometric (nasal length/height, columella length/nasal tip projection, nasal length/superior third, and height/width of the face) and cephalometric parameters measured (palatal length, middle third length, linear protrusion and angular protrusion of the face) and compared with normal standards reported in the literature.ResultsSixteen patients were transversally analyzed (mean age of 13 years old by the time of surgery, and mean time of 4.3 years postoperative). In anthropometric evaluation, one patient presented with nasal length/height and nasal length/superior third of the face below normal values. Cephalometric evaluation demonstrated normal values in at least 81% of the cases. Overall, only one patient presented anthropometric and cephalometric below normal values, but did not complain about aesthetic or nasal patency. All remaining patients that had one measure value below normal range had no other parameters consistently low.ConclusionMetzenbaum septoplasty performed during puberty does not cause significant impact on the nasal or facial growth, as long as mucopericondrium and growth areas are maintained intact during the surgery.
AudGenDB: A Public, Internet‐Based, Audiologic/Otologic/Genetic Database for Pediatric Hearing Research
Authors: Germiller John A. , Crenshaw E. Bryan , Krantz Ian , Peterson Joy , Reinders Megan , White Peter , Italia Michael 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveAdvances in hearing research often require data from multiple specialties and large patient cohorts. We have developed a biomedical computing infrastructure, AudGenDB, which incorporates audiologic, otologic, and genetic data, as a resource for researchers internationally. AudGenDB will soon be publicly accessible via the Internet. Here, we present AudGenDB’s current capabilities.MethodA team of audiologists, otolaryngologists, geneticists, and medical informaticists has developed a large‐scale data repository with a robust, web‐based user interface. Data is extracted from the electronic medical record on every child who underwent audiometric testing at a single large pediatric center since 2006. Data will be updated monthly.ResultsAudGenDB currently contains 57,280 audiograms, 55,997 tympanograms, 16,784 ABR datasets, 15,059 radiology reports, and 22,604 surgical procedures from 37,273 patients. An intuitive user interface permits queries on demographics; hearing loss severity, type, and configuration; laterality; radiology interpretations; genetic data (eg, GJB2 mutational analysis; and existence of SNP array data. Users can view original temporal bone CT/MRI images from almost 5,000 complete studies and take detailed measurements. Ultimately, AudGenDB will provide access to high‐resolution genomic data, and will enable users to contact the custodians of original DNA samples. Public release of AudGenDB is expected later in 2011.ConclusionAudGenDB represents the first large‐scale database resource for pediatric hearing research. Using an intuitive web‐based interface, both beginner and advanced users can access abundant audiologic, otologic, radiologic, and genetic datasets. By design, this resource is self‐renewing and will continue to grow as we establish interfaces with additional pediatric centers.
Bacterial Tracheitis in Children: A Varied Entity
Authors: Del Mar Miranda Alba , Valdez Tulio A. , Pereira Kevin D. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveHighlight the different presentations of bacterial tracheitis, which is a life threatening cause of airway obstruction in children.MethodReview of 4 patients’ medical records who presented with differing signs and symptoms.ResultsFour types of clinical manifestations of bacterial tracheitis are presented with endoscopic appearances of the airway. Three patients were afebrile and nontoxic. Only 1 had a significantly elevated WBC. All 4 had different degrees of stridor. One had respiratory arrest. All were successfully treated with antibiotics and bronchoscopic debridement of the membranes. Cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus in 2, grew Moraxella catarrhalis in one, and were sterile in one. None required intubation.ConclusionBacterial tracheitis needs a high index of suspicion due to its varied presentations. Certain forms have less severe clinical manifestations. These forms too require aggressive management, as they can result in airway obstruction from membranes and edema.
Complications in Tonsillotomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Acevedo Jason L. , Shah Rahul K. , Brietzke Scott E. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveIntracapsular tonsillectomy (or tonsillotomy) is a technique rapidly gaining acceptance. Multiple individual clinical trials have been performed, but there remains no clear consensus as to how tonsillotomy compares to traditional methods in regard to complication rates. The purpose of this study is to compile and critically analyze this data.MethodMEDLINE was searched using multiple search terms, with the following inclusion criteria: English language, human subjects, and related to complications of tonsillotomy. Multiple tonsillotomy techniques were included. The results of these studies were summated, and the results were analyzed. Random effects modeling was used to calculate summary effect measures.ResultsThirty‐three studies met inclusion criteria. The bleeding rate for tonsillectomy was 3.4% (P <. 01, 95% CI=0.027‐0.041, k=23) with a dehydration re‐visit rate of 3.4% (<0.01, 0.018‐0.049, 13). For tonsillotomy, the rates were 1.5% (<0.01, 0.012‐0.017, 31) and 1.4% (<0.01, 0.006‐0.022, 17), respectively. When stratifying for tonsillotomy technique, the rates were 1.5% (<0.01, 0.014‐0.017, 5) and 1.5% (<0.01, 0.014‐0.017, 4) for coblation and 0.8% (<0.01, 0.006‐0.01, 15) and 1.7% (<0.01, 0.007‐0.026, 10) for microdebrider. Number of days receiving analgesia was 7.045 (<0.01, 6.31‐7.76, 5) for tonsillectomy and 4.09 (3.19‐4.99, 7) for tonsillotomy. There was no difference in blood loss between groups.ConclusionTonsillotomy appears to compare favorably with tonsillectomy and may offer a reduction in postoperative complications (bleeding and dehydration), as well as less use of analgesics. Subgroup analysis suggests that microdebrider tonsillotomy may have a lower bleeding rate than the coblation technique.
Congenital Oral and Pharyngeal Masses: Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis
Authors: Rosenthal Laura H. , Bell Bruce M. , Drake Amelia F. , Zdanski Carlton J. , Harmon Paula J. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveUnderstand the complex management and prognosis of patients with congenital oral and pharyngeal masses that cause cleft palate. To understand the multifaceted role of the pediatric otolaryngologist in the care of these patients.MethodRetrospective study of all patients with oral or pharyngeal masses and cleft palate or velopharyngeal insufficiency treated in one year at a tertiary care institution. Charts were reviewed for age; gender; comorbidities; birth history; location and pathology of the mass; surgical treatment; and follow‐up care.ResultsThere were 5 patients, 21‐months to 24‐years‐old, 3 of whom had other congenital anomalies. Three patients had large oral masses (2 hamartomas and 1 teratoma). Two patients had pharyngeal masses (teratomas). Four patients had cleft palate, all repaired by 1 year, 2 with later pharyngeal flaps. One patient with an intact but short palate underwent a pharyngeal flap at 6 year. One patient with a large oral mass had significant airway compromise at birth. Two patients underwent tracheotomy, and one was decannulated at 18 months. Additional surgeries were performed in all patients, including tympanostomy (2 patients), tonsillectomy (2 patients), maxillary and mandibular advancement (1 patient), and gastrostomy (1 patient).ConclusionCongenital oral or pharyngeal masses may cause cleft palate. Otolaryngologists are involved in care from initial airway management and excision to reconstruction and rehabilitation of speech and swallow. After excision, most patients will have a stable airway and tolerate an oral diet. Additional surgeries are often performed for associated comorbidities.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: Impressions from a University Hospital
Authors: Barros Bruno B. C. , Prata Anelise A. S. , Macoto Eduardo M. , da Fonseca Viviane M. G. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveDescribe the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of JNA at a teaching hospital.MethodA retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted by revision of medical records from patients treated for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma between January 2007 and October 2010.ResultsThere were 11 patients, all males, with mean age of 15.18 years, who underwent surgery. Nasal obstruction was the initial symptom (54.55%), followed by epistaxis (45.45%). Stage II of Andrews was most commonly observed (54.55%). Preoperative embolization was performed in 45.45% of patients, and the most common approach was endoscopic‐assisted mid‐facial degloving (72.73%). Intraoperative blood transfusion was necessary in 72.73%, due to decrease in hemoglobin average from 13.18 to 8.54 g/dL. ICU hospitalization average was 2.78 days, and hospital discharge average was 8.18 days. Recurrence occurred in 2 cases, totaling 18.18% of failure. Preoperative embolization and use of endoscope reduced risk of relapser=0.77 (Pearson correlation).ConclusionWe described our experience and found that preoperative embolization and use of endoscope reduced risk of relapse.
First Branchial Cyst: Is Imaging Necessary to Diagnose This Masquerading Anomaly?
Authors: Lim Keng‐Hua , Tan Henry K. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveFirst branchial cyst anomalies are an uncommon cause of postauricular cyst and upper lateral neck masses in the parotid region. Most were misdiagnosed and underwent multiple surgeries. Imaging will help preoperative diagnosis and surgical planning. We aim to determine if imaging is really necessary preoperatively.MethodRetrospective analysis of all patients with first branchial cysts treated between 2003 to 2010.ResultsSeven patients, 3 male and 4 female, aged between 10 months and 10 years, underwent excision of first branchial cyst. Four were Work type 1, and 3 were Work type 2. Two patients had CT scan preoperatively, and they were all type 2 variant. Imaging was performed because the initial diagnosis was cholesteatoma. Complete excisions were performed for all type 1 variant. Most cases were misdiagnosed and, hence, operated without scans. Nevertheless, most were completely excised except in one patient when the cyst was too near the facial nerve. There was no recurrence if resection was complete.ConclusionComplete excision is achievable without preoperative scan in type 1 variant. However, imaging is recommended in type 2 variant to delineate its relation to facial nerve. Consent for superficial parotidectomy with facial nerve monitor is recommended in type 2 variant for complete excision.
A Need for Targeted Otolaryngology Education among Primary Care Providers
Authors: Meyer Tanya Kim , Sardesai Maya G. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveAccording to the National Center for Health Statistics, 3 of the top 10 most common reasons for physician visits pertain to otolaryngology, including cough, sore throat, and ear ache. We explored the gaps in otolaryngologic knowledge among a group of primary care providers attending an educational event.MethodA brief web‐based anonymous survey regarding knowledge of basic otolaryngologic conditions was administered to primary care providers, both physicians and allied health practitioners.ResultsThirty‐seven surveys were collected from 50 participants, of which 59% were allied health and 41% were physicians. Participants practiced in adult, pediatric, and family medicine. Gaps in knowledge were identified across several otolaryngologic subjects, including laryngology, rhinology, head and neck oncology, otology, sleep surgery, and pediatric otolaryngology.ConclusionThere appear to be deficiencies in otolaryngologic knowledge among the primary care specialties. Increased exposure to otolaryngology rotations and lectures during training may increase understanding of common otolaryngologic diseases among these providers. It may also be beneficial to develop targeted programs for continuing medical education for these providers.
Management of Intratonsillar Abscess in Children
Authors: Ulualp Seckin , Koral Korgun , Deskin Ronald 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveAssess outcomes of medical and surgical treatment of intratonsillar abscess in children.MethodThe medical charts of infants and children who were treated for intratonsillar abscess between December 2009 and September 2010 were reviewed to obtain information on history and physical examination, imaging, management, and follow‐up assessment.ResultsSeven children (age range: 4 to 18 years) presented with difficulty swallowing and decreased oral intake. Trismus was present in 3 patients, and respiratory distress was present in 1. CT imaging documented unilateral abscess in 7 patients and phlegmon in the contralateral tonsil in 2. Inflammatory changes were observed in parapharyngeal space in 6 patients, prevertebral space in 1, and pyriform sinus and aryepiglottic folds in 3. One patient with respiratory distress underwent drainage of abscess prior to antibiotic treatment. In the remaining six children, medical treatment included clindamycin and corticosteroid in 4 patients and clindamycin, corticosteroid, and ceftriaxone in 2 patients.ConclusionIn children with no airway compromise, intratonsillar abscess responded to trial of antibiotic therapy and corticosteroid. Surgical drainage accomplished clinical resolution of intratonsillar abscess in the presence of airway compromise or unresponsiveness to trial of medical treatment.
Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Dreher Alfred , Patscheider Martin , Braun Thomas 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveAdenotonsillar hypertrophy causes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and otitis media with effusion (OME). Is there also an association between OSA and OME?MethodA total of 150 children with suspected OSA aged 4 to 8 years underwent polysomnography and tympanometry.ResultsA total of 72% were diagnosed with OSAS (apnea hypopnea index (AHI) >1). 46% had an AHI >5. 36% of the children had a tympanogram type A (Jerger) on both ears (normally ventilated) and 22% a type B on both ears (suggesting OME). Using Kruskal‐Wallis test, children with an AHI 5 did not statistically significantly differ in the prevalence of normally ventilated ears and OME. Accordingly, Mann‐Whitney test showed that children with normally ventilated ears did not have a statistically different AHI, apnea index, hypopnea index or minimal oxygen saturation than children suffering from OME.ConclusionChildren with OME are not more likely to be diagnosed with OSAS and vice versa. This finding indicates a stronger association between adenoid hypertrophy and OME respectively tonsillar hypertrophy and OSAS.