bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Karyomorphological studies in some Nigerian species of Vernonia SCHREB. (Asteraceae) with different growth forms
Authors: Ayodele M. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSpecies of the genus Vernonia used in this study were collected from their natural habitats in the savannah and degraded savannah vegetation in Nigeria. The chromosome counts for eight of the taxa are reported for the first time. Karyological data for the species are being reported for the first time, even though some of the species have had their chromosome counts reported in Nigeria or elsewhere.The chromosome data show that the species of Vernonia fall under two base‐number categories of x = 9 and x = 10. Species with different growth habits had similar chromosome numbers with similarities in the size and the morphology of their chromosomes. The x = 9 materials were more derived (specialized) than those of x = 10; and hence with more aggressive colonization trait. Some members of the x = 10 group were poor colonizers remaining only in their restricted ecovegetational niche.
Genetic and morphological variability in alpine Saxifraga oppositifolia L. after colonization
Authors: von Flüe I. , Gugerli F. , Holderegger R. , Schneller J. J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn order to evaluate how fast intrapopulational genetic variability increases after colonization, morphological variation and isozyme diversity were studied in four populations of Saxifraga oppositifolia L. in an alpine valley of Central Switzerland. Three populations grew in natural habitats and were assumed to be long established. Another population was located on a 50‐year old roadside slope. This younger population showed the same level of morphological and genetic variability and diversity than did the older populations. The potential to inbreed admits single seed colonization in S. oppositifolia, and gene flow through pollen or seed and subsequent outbreeding may increase intrapopulational genetic diversity and variation with time. As a consequence, established populations of S. oppositifolia exhibit low genetic differentiation at the landscape level.
Carotenoid content in the thalli of 34 lichen species from Sicily
Authors: Czeczuga B. , Grillo M. , Czeczuga‐Semeniuk E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractColumn and thin‐layer chromatography revealed the presence of the following carotenoids in the thalli of 34 lichen species (38 specimens) from Sicily: α‐carotene, β‐carotene, γ‐carotene, retrodehydro‐β‐carotene, α‐cryptoxanthin, β‐cryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, lutein, 3′‐epilutein, zeaxanthin, echinenone, hydroxyechinenone, 3‐oxoechinenone, canthaxanthin, adonixanthin, phoenicoxanthin, astaxanthin, citranaxanthin, reticulataxanthin, lycopene‐5,6‐epoxide, β‐carotene‐5,6,5′,6′‐diepoxide, lutein epoxide, antheraxanthin, aurochrome, auroxanthin, flavochrome, flavoxanthin, cryptoflavin, mutatoxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, β‐citraurin, luteoxanthin, azafrin, bixin, β‐carotenone, loroxanthin, siphonaxanthin, torularhodin methyl ester, capsochrome, rhodoxanthin, β‐apo‐10′‐carotenal and 3‐hydroxy‐β‐apo‐10′‐carotenal.The total content of carotenoids ranged from 12.9 (Cladonia fimbriata) to 151.1 μg g−1 (Caloplaca aurantia) dry weight.
A carpological study of Eversmannia subspinosa (Fisch. ex Dc.) B.Fedtsch. (Leguminosae, Hedysareae)
Authors: Mlronov E. M. , Sokoloff D. D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFruit morphology and anatomy is studied in Eversmannia subspinosa and, for comparison, in several species of the genus Hedysarum L. Fruits of Eversmannia Bge. in contrast with fruits of Hedysarum, do not break up into closed one‐seeded articles. The fruits of Eversmannia are rather dehiscent than lomentaceous. Although the fruits of Eversmannia and Hedysarum considerably differ from each other in the way of seed dispersal, the pericarp of the two has the same basic structure. Diagnostic characters of the tribe Hedysareae are discussed.
Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Vegetation im tuwinischen Teil des Uvs‐nuur‐Beckens (Russland)
Authors: Hilbig W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIm August 1998 wurden im tuwinischen Teil des Uvs‐nuur‐Beckens von den Randgebirgen im Norden bis in die Nähe des Salzsees Uvs‐nuur und des Süßwassersees Tere‐chol an der tuwinisch‐mongolischen Grenze in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Bodenkundlern Vegetationsuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Die Pflanzengesellschaften entsprechen in starkem Maße denen im mongolischen Teil des Beckens.Pflanzengesellschaften folgender Formationen wurden untersucht: Lärchen‐ und Lärchen‐Arven‐Wälder der oberen Bergstufe, krautreiche Lärchen‐Wälder der unteren Bergstufe, Pappel‐Auenwälder der Flussauen und Birken‐Weiden‐Bachauenwälder, Felsgebüsche, Myricaria‐ und Hippophaë‐Gebüsche auf Flussgeröll, Wiesensteppen, grasreiche Trockensteppen, Nanophyton‐reiche Steppen und Halbwüsten, Sanddünenvegetation, Wiesen und Hochstaudenvegetation, annuelle Uferfluren, Wasser‐, Salz‐ und Ruderalvegetation.Die Zuordnung zu Assoziationen und ranglosen Pflanzengesellschaften richtet sich nach der Bearbeitung der Vegetation in der Mongolei. Auf die Degradierung der Pflanzengesellschaften durch starke Beweidung und Holzeinschlag wird hingewiesen.
Die botanische Stellung von Haliserites reichii Sternberg 1833 (Dipteridaceae)
Authors: Kahlert E. , Rüffle L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHaliserites reichii Sternb. galt in der älteren Literatur als Fossil unbekannter Zugehörigkeit. Die neuere Literatur hielt Haliserites für einen Vorläufer der Angiospermen. In der Sammlung des Museums für Naturkunde Berlin, Paläontologisches Museum, befindet sich ein Belegstück aus der Sammlung v. Cotta mit einem Sporangium. Haliserites muss den Dipteridaceae zugeordnet werden.
Ergänzungen zur Eozän‐Flora des Geiseltales, Deutschland, und einiger weiterer Eozän‐Fundstätten
Authors: Rüffle L. , Litke R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDie Mitteleozän‐Flora des Geiseltales ist reich an Angiospermen‐Blättern. In der Arbeit werden bisher wenig bekannte Arten aus dem Eozän beschrieben und abgebildet. Einige von ihnen zeichnen sich durch fossile Guttapercha in den Gefäßen aus. Sie haben Bedeutung bei der Bestimmung der Blätter in Verbindung mit den fossilen Epidermen. Dabei konnten zwei neue Arten beschrieben werden: Euphorbiofolium suessii sp. nova (Euphorbiaceae) und Maytenoides papillosa gen. nov. et sp. nova. Der Holotypus von Stuartia kowalewskii Caspary 1872 aus dem baltischen Bernstein war bisher zu wenig bekannt, da er vom Autor nur beschrieben wurde. In vorliegender Arbeit wird er abgebildet.
Lobelia pliocenica (Dorofeev) comb. nova – ein neues atlantisches Florenelement im Jungtertiär und Altquartär Europas
Authors: Mai D. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDie fossilen Samen vom Typ der Typha pliocenica Dorofeev (1960) und zweier naher verwandter Arten werden morphologisch und anatomisch neu untersucht und zur Gattung Lobelia L. (Lobeliaceae) gestellt. Eindeutig vergleichbar ist Lobelia dortmanna L., eine transatlantische Wasserpflanze aus Nordwesteuropa und Nordamerika. Eine fossile Art reicht zeitlich vom unteren Miozän bis in das Altquartär und räumlich von Oberitalien und Mitteldeutschland bis Baschkirien und Westsibirien.
Taxonomic revision ofPleurospermumHoffm. and related genera of Umbelliferae I. General part
Authors: Pimenov M. G. , Kijuykov E. V. , Leonov M. V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA critical evaluation of the taxonomic relationship of the species ofPleurospermumand related generaHymenolaena, Trachydium, Aulacospermum, Keraymonia, Pterocyclus, Physospermopsis, Hymenidium, andPleurospermopsishas been carried out. Eighty species, including all type species of these genera, were analysed using a large set of characters (47), mainly morphological (stem, leaf, umbel, flower and fruit traits). The species groupings were made using the UPGMA clustering method; the classification obtained is polythetic. The content of the genera and their circumscriptions have been drastically revised. Nine generic clusters have been revealed that correspond toAulacospermum, Pseudotrachydiumgen. nov.,Trachydium, Physospermopsis, Keraymonia, Hymenolaena, Hymenidiums.l.,Pleurospermums.str. andPterocyclus. For the largest assemblage of related species, formerly referred to diverse genera, the nameHymenidium, practically forgotten in current Umbelliferae nomenclature, has been restored. A key to the nine genera ofPleurospermumgroup is provided.
Lolium edwardii sp. nova (Gramineae) and its relationship with Schedonorus sect. Plantynia Dumort.
Authors: Scholz H. , Stierstorfer Ch. , Gaisberg M. V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLolium edwardii, probably an endemic of the Canary Islands, is new to science. It differs clearly from L. canariense by means of morphological characters provided in a key, and of its ecological preferences and distribution patterns presented for the Island of El Hierro. The relationship to the genus Schedonorus P. Beauv. is discussed.
Distribution of reproductive systems and taxonomical concepts in the genus Taraxacum F.H. Wigg. (Asteraceae, Lactuceae) in Germany
Authors: Uhlemann I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReproductive studies of the genus Taraxacum F.H. Wigg. (Asteraceae) were carried out in the Eastern part of Germany (approx. 1,300 individuals). Using the method of variability of pollen diameter we observed almost in all cases only obligately agamospermous plants in the area studied. With regard to Germany, regions with 1. obligately sexual and obligately agamospermous 2. facultatively and obligately agamospermous 3. exclusively obligately agamospermous individuals, could be distinguished. From these facts, it is concluded that the microspecies concept is preferable to the traditional macrospecies concept, especially in regions with exclusively obligately agamospecies. The microspecies concept is also applicable in a differentiated form in the remaining regions.
Fungal biodiversity, pollen morphology and leaf surface of some native species in Egypt
Authors: Abdel‐Hafez S. I. I. , Naggar S. M. El 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFive native species of the flora of Egypt:Adonis dentataDelile, Ranunculaceae;Papaver dubiumL., Papaveraceae;Matthiola longipetala(Vent.) DC., Brassicaceae;Malva parvifloraL., Malvaceae; andErodium laciniatum(Cav.) Willd., Geraniaceae have been investigated morphologically, palynologically and mycologically.The total counts of phyllosphere fungi fluctuated between 223 and 388 colonies/100 leaf segments giving maximum onMalva parviflorafollowed byMatthiola longipetala, Erodium laciniatum, Papaver dubiumandAdonis dentata.The widest spectrum of genera (20) and species (39 and l variety) was recorded onMalva parvifloraand the narrowest onAdonis dentata(9, 14).Sixty species and one variety belonging to 27 genera were collected from leaves (24 genera and 56 species and 1 variety) and anthers/pollen (16 genera and 27 species) of the five studied plants with the most frequently species were some members ofAlternaria, Cladosporium, FusariumandMucor.Members ofAspergillusandPenicilliumwere prevalent only on leaves ofMatthiola longipetalaandMalva parviflora, while these members were infrequently recorded on leaf surfaces ofAdonis dentataandPapaver dubium.Results revealed that density of hairs on the leaf surface and size of leaf blade, almost seem to be the most reliable factors of the biodiversity of the fungal spores on the studied taxa. On the other hand, reticulate or striate pollen surface had a wider spectrum of fungal biodiversity and higher densities of spores compared with echinate and scabrate surface.
Phyloproteomic classification of unsequenced organisms by top‐down identification of bacterial proteins using capLC‐MS/MS on an Orbitrap
Authors: Wynne Colin , Edwards Nathan J. , Fenselau Catherine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCurrently, most MS‐based proteomic studies of bacteria and archea match experimental data to known amino acid sequences from the target organism. Top‐down studies use a protein's molecular weight along with data gathered from MS/MS experiments to identify proteins by database matching. For Erwinia herbicola and Enterobacter cloacae, studied here, the necessary protein sequences are not available in protein sequence repositories. We apply top‐down protein fragmentation, but match the experimental data with homologous proteins from related organisms with sequenced genomes, demonstrating considerable shared protein sequence between closely related bacteria. Using this homology‐based approach, we are not only able to identify representative proteins, but are also able to place the two target bacteria in their correct phylogeny. Furthermore, we show that the unexpected mass delta between the experimental precursor and matched protein sequence can often be localized and characterized using accurate‐mass precursor and fragment ion measurements. Finally, we demonstrate that proteins identified by top‐down workflows provide strong experimental evidence for correct, missing, and misannotated bacterial protein sequences, not only in the analyzed organism, but also for homologous proteins in closely related species.
Effects of modified splenocaval shunt plus devascularization on esophagogastric variceal bleeding: a comparative study of this treatment and devascularization only in cirrhotic portal hypertension
Authors: Du Lixue , Wu Wujun , Zhang Yu , Sun Zhongjie , Hu Haitian , Liu Xiaogang , Liu Qingguang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundPericardial devascularization (PCDV) and portosystemic shunt were reported to have favorable results for the management of portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients in China and the West, respectively. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of a modified proximal splenocaval shunt plus PCDV on variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension.MethodsFrom January 1997 to December 2007, 168 patients with portal hypertension of cirrhotic origin received an operation for gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. Of these, 90 patients received a splenocaval shunt plus a PCDV procedure (Combined Group) and the other 78 patients received a PCDV procedure only (PCDV Group). The procedure‐related morbidity and mortality, rebleeding, encephalopathy, and survival rates were analyzed.ResultsPostoperative mortality was 3.3% in the combined group and 5.1% in the PCDV group (p > 0.05). Overall morbidity was 13.3% in the combined group and 15.4% in the PCDV group (p > 0.05). The rate for rebleeding, including variceal bleeding and gastropathy, was 5.1% in the combined group, which was significantly lower than that in the PCDV group, at 16.7% (p < 0.05). The incidence of encephalopathy was 6.63% in the combined group and 6.67% in the PCDV group (p > 0.05). The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates were 97.4, 91.7, 80.0, and 60.0% in the combined group and 96.7, 83.3, 73.3, and 53.3% in the PCDV group (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe modified splenocaval shunt plus PCDV is a safe and effective procedure for the long‐term control of variceal bleeding; the procedure may not only maintain the portal flow to the liver, but may also protect the liver function in cirrhotic patients. The better clinical outcome means that the procedure may be one of the best choices for treating portal hypertension of cirrhotic origin.
Intravenous 64‐multi‐detector row CT‐cholangiography of porcine livers: a feasibility study with definition of the temporal window for optimal bile duct delineation
Authors: Sommer Christof M. , Schwarzwaelder C. B. , Ramsauer S. , Stampfl U. , Stiller W. , Nickel F. , Omri W. , Kenngott H. G. , Gehrig T. , Meinzer H. P. , Kauczor H. U. , Radeleff B. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground/purposeTo assess the feasibility of intravenous 64‐multi‐detector row computed tomography (CT)‐cholangiography of porcine livers with definition of the temporal window for optimal bile duct delineation.MethodsSix healthy Landrace pigs, each weighing 28.97 ± 2.99 kg, underwent 64‐multi‐detector row CT‐cholangiography. Each pig was infused with 50 ml of meglumine iotroxate continuously over a period of 20 min and, starting with the initiation of the infusion, 18 consecutive CT scans of the abdomen at 2‐min intervals were acquired. All series were evaluated for bile duct visualization scores and maximum bile duct diameters as primary study goals and bile duct attenuation and liver enhancement as secondary study goals.ResultsOf the 16 analyzed biliary tract segments, maximum bile duct visualization scores ranged between 4.00 ± 0.00 and 2.83 ± 1.47. Time to maximum bile duct visualization scores ranged between 10 and 34 min. Average bile duct visualization scores for the 10‐ to 34‐min interval ranged between 3.99 ± 0.05 and 2.78 ± 0.10. Maximum bile duct diameters ranged between 6.47 ± 1.05 and 2.65 ± 2.23 mm. Time to maximum bile duct diameters ranged between 24 and 34 min. Average bile duct diameters for the 10‐ to 34‐min interval ranged between 6.00 ± 0.38 and 2.40 ± 0.13 mm.ConclusionsIntravenous 64‐multi‐detector row CT‐cholangiography of non‐diseased porcine liver is feasible, with the best bile duct delineation acquired between 10 and 34 min after initiation of the contrast agent infusion.
Prediction of species composition of plant communities in a rural landscape based on species traits
Authors: Tanaka Ryoko , Koike Fumito 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe species composition of a community is a subset of the regional species pool, and predicting the species composition of a community from ecological traits of organisms is an important objective in ecology. If such a prediction can be made feasible, we could assess the risk of invasion of locally new species (alien species and genetically modified species) into natural communities. We developed and tested statistical models to predict a community's species composition from ecological traits of the species pool. Various types of communities (forest, meadow, and weed communities) exist in a small area of traditional rural landscape in Japan, and have been maintained by human activities. These communities and the tracheophytes species pool in the 1‐km2 research area were considered. We used logistic regression and decision‐tree analysis to construct predictive models of community species composition based on plant traits, using the presence or absence of species in a community as the dependent variable and ecological traits as independent variables. Plant traits were grouped by cluster analysis, and the average in each trait group was used for model building to avoid multiple collinearity. Statistical prediction models were significant in all communities. About 60–75% of species composition could be predicted from the measured plant traits in forest communities, but 33–56% in the meadow and weed communities. Our results showed the possibility of predicting the species composition of plant communities from the ecological traits of the plant species together with the information on local species pool.
The ontogenetic stoichiometric bottleneck stabilizes herbivore–autotroph dynamics
Authors: Nakazawa Takefumi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the ecological stoichiometry theory of population dynamics, ontogenetic changes in nutrient demand have been ignored. Here, I studied a stage‐structured Daphnia–algae herbivore–autotroph model, in which the juveniles of the herbivore had a higher nutrient (phosphorous) demand for maturation than the adults for reproduction. The model predicted that while an increase in the juvenile nutrient demand (i.e., ontogenetic stoichiometric bottleneck) affects stage‐specific performances in complex ways through nutrient dynamics and resource quality, in general it has stabilizing effects on the population dynamics.
Marshalling existing biodiversity data to evaluate biodiversity status and trends in planning exercises
Authors: Jiménez‐Valverde Alberto , Lira‐Noriega Andrés , Peterson A. Townsend , Soberón Jorge 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA thorough understanding of biodiversity status and trends through time is necessary for decision‐making at regional, national, and subnational levels. Information readily available in databases allows for development of scenarios of species distribution in relation to habitat changes. Existing species occurrence data are biased towards some taxonomic groups (especially vertebrates), and are more complete for Europe and North America than for the rest of the world. We outline a procedure for development of such biodiversity scenarios using available data on species distribution derived from primary biodiversity data and habitat conditions, and analytical software, which allows estimation of species’ distributions, and forecasting of likely effects of various agents of change on the distribution and status of the same species. Such approaches can translate into improved knowledge for countries regarding the 2010 Biodiversity Target of reducing significantly the rate of biodiversity loss—indeed, using methodologies such as those illustrated herein, many countries should be capable of analyzing trends of change for at least part of their biodiversity. Sources of errors that are present in primary biodiversity data and that can affect projections are discussed.
Towards a Strategic View on EMU: A Critical Survey
Authors: Winkler Bernhard 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper contributes to the ongoing debate over European Monetary Union (EMU), reviewing the economics literature on the merits of a single currency (‘optimum currency area’) and on the requirements for astable currency (‘credibility’). To understand Europe's drive for EMU and the transition strategy adopted at Maastricht both issues must be analysed together. The controversial convergence criteria in the Maastricht Treaty, in particular, primarily address valid concerns about the (price) stability performance of a future single currency by determining the timing and membership of EMU. In general, we propose to interpret the Maastricht design as a mechanism that must reconcile conflicting interests, solve credibility problems over time and extract information about candidate countries’ ‘stability culture’ in the run-up to monetary union.
Polar front shift and atmospheric CO
2
during the glacial maximum of the Early Paleozoic Icehouse
Authors: Vandenbroucke Thijs R. A. , Armstrong Howard A. , Williams Mark , Paris Florentin , Zalasiewicz Jan A. , Sabbe Koen , Nõlvak Jaak , Challands Thomas J. , Verniers Jacques , Servais Thomas 
Published: August 2010

Our new data address the paradox of Late Ordovician glaciation under supposedly high
p
CO
2
(8 to 22× PAL: preindustrial atmospheric level). The paleobiogeographical distribution of chitinozoan (“mixed layer”) marine zooplankton biotopes for the Hirnantian glacial maximum (440 Ma) are reconstructed and compared to those from the Sandbian (460 Ma): They demonstrate a steeper latitudinal temperature gradient and an equatorwards shift of the Polar Front through time from 55°–70° S to ∼40° S. These changes are comparable to those during Pleistocene interglacial-glacial cycles. In comparison with the Pleistocene, we hypothesize a significant decline in mean global temperature from the Sandbian to Hirnantian, proportional with a fall in
p
CO
2
from a modeled Sandbian level of ∼8× PAL to ∼5× PAL during the Hirnantian. Our data suggest that a compression of midlatitudinal biotopes and ecospace in response to the developing glaciation was a likely cause of the end-Ordovician mass extinction.
Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Authors: Mitchell H. M. , Kaakoush N. O. , Sutton P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

This chapter discusses the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and several extragastric diseases, including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, iron deficiency anaemia, cardiovascular disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.