bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Interpretation of Comutated Genes in Large-Scale Cancer Mutation Profiles
Authors: Gu Yunyan , Yang Da , Zou Jinfeng , Ma Wencai , Wu Ruihong , Zhao Wenyuan , Zhang Yuannv , Xiao Hui , Gong Xue , Zhang Min , Zhu Jing , Guo Zheng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBy high-throughput screens of somatic mutations of genes in cancer genomes, hundreds of cancer genes are being rapidly identified, providing us abundant information for systematically deciphering the genetic changes underlying cancer mechanism. However, the functional collaboration of mutated genes is often neglected in current studies. Here, using four genome-wide somatic mutation data sets and pathways defined in various databases, we showed that gene pairs significantly comutated in cancer samples tend to distribute between pathways rather than within pathways. At the basic functional level of motifs in the human protein-protein interaction network, we also found that comutated gene pairs were overrepresented between motifs but extremely depleted within motifs. Specifically, we showed that based on Gene Ontology that describes gene functions at various specific levels, we could tackle the pathway definition problem to some degree and study the functional collaboration of gene mutations in cancer genomes more efficiently. Then, by defining pairs of pathways frequently linked by comutated gene pairs as the between-pathway models, we showed they are also likely to be codisrupted by mutations of the interpathway hubs of the coupled pathways, suggesting new hints for understanding the heterogeneous mechanisms of cancers. Finally, we showed some between-pathway models consisting of important pathways such as cell cycle checkpoint and cell proliferation were codisrupted in most cancer samples under this study, suggesting that their codisruptions might be functionally essential in inducing these cancers. All together, our results would provide a channel to detangle the complex collaboration of the molecular processes underlying cancer mechanism. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(8); 2186–95. ©2010 AACR.
The relationship between social capital in hospitals and emotional exhaustion in clinicians: A study in four German hospitals
Authors: Driller Elke , Ommen Oliver , Kowalski Christoph , Ernstmann Nicole , Pfaff Holger 
Published: July 2010

Background: About 30% of doctors working in inpatient and outpatient departments suffer from burnout, characterized, for example, by emotional exhaustion. The prevention of burnout constitutes a great challenge for those responsible for the healthcare system. Aims: Research into the relationship between social capital in hospitals and the occurrence of emotional exhaustion in clinicians is still at an early stage. The aim of the current study is to examine the effects of social capital in the workplace on the emotional exhaustion of clinicians. Method: A questionnaire was posted to 2,644 employees working in four German hospitals, and 1,645 responded. Responses from the 277 clinicians (61%) are analyzed here. The questionnaire looked at symptoms of emotional exhaustion and levels of organizational social capital. Results: Logistic regression identified two significant predictors of emotional exhaustion in clinicians: low self-efficacy and subjectively perceived lower levels of social capital in the hospitals where they worked. The model accounted for 26 % of Nagelkerke’s R2. Conclusion: Efforts to create a good working atmosphere, with the readiness to provide mutual support and the pursuit of joint values and objectives within a hospital, may reduce the development of, or even prevent, emotional exhaustion in clinicians.
Medial septal area ANG II receptor subtypes in the regulation of urine and sodium excretion induced by vasopressin
Authors: Pavan de Arruda Camargo Gabriela Maria , de Arruda Camargo Luiz Antônio , Abrão Saad Wilson 
Published: July 2010

Introduction. The present study was designed to determine the effects of selective antagonists of angiotensin II receptor types AT1and AT2on the flow of urine and sodium excretion induced by arginine vasopressin (AVP).Materials and methods. To this end, the drugs were microinjected into the medial septal area (MSA) of the brains of male Holtzman rats. Intravenous infusion of hypotonic saline was used to promote urinary flow, which was collected for one hour.Results. MSA microinjections of AVP decreased the urinary flow and increased sodium excretion in a dose-dependent manner. Microinjection into MSA of an AT2antagonist (PD-123319) had a significantly greater effect than with an AT1antagonist (losartan) in increasing urinary flow and decreasing sodium excretion. These effects were more pronounced when both antagonists were injected together, before the AVP.Conclusions. These results indicate that MSA AT1and AT2receptors act synergistically in the regulation of urine and sodium excretion induced by AVP.
A qualitative study of patient’s perceptions of a preventive renal programme in Colombia 2008
Authors: Yepes Delgado Carlos Enrique , Yepes Delgado Fanny Lucía , Vargas Betancourt Mónica Lorena , Orrego Orozco Beatriz Elena 
Published: July 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe how users perceive the preventive renal programme in Colombia and cope with their chronic kidney disease (CKD) from its early stages of development. Methods: Some techniques from the grounded theory approach were used. The sampling strategy was selective. Results: For medical knowledge, CKD is an irreversible condition that, during its earlier stages does not represent an obstacle for living an apparently normal life, which may lead patients to get late diagnosis and identify their condition as a ‘dormant disease’. Therefore, patients have learned to ‘live with their disease’ by developing various coping strategies. In the case of predialysis patients, these strategies include ‘fear of dialysis and transplant’, ‘living a normal life’ and ‘considering CKD a deadly disease’. On the other hand, for dialysis patients, strategies include ‘resignation’, ‘seeing dialysis as a lifesaver’ and a ‘feeling of loss’. Conclusion: Patients recognizing their participation in the Renal Protection Programme may lead them to live longer and improve their quality of life. Also, due to the asymptomatic nature of CKD, late diagnoses are not uncommon, hence opportunities for prevention are usually scarce, which in turn becomes a challenge for public health.
‘You’re whatever the patient needs at the time’: The impact on health and social care professionals of supporting people with epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Dures E. , Morris M. , Gleeson K. , Rumsey N. 
Published: July 2010

Objectives: Professionals working with people who encounter pain and suffering can experience adverse emotional effects themselves. However, to provide effective support it is necessary to understand specific work-related experiences and contexts. This study investigated the impact on professionals of supporting people with the skin condition ‘epidermolysis bullosa’. Methods: A two-part mixed methods design was utilized. Part one comprised interviews with specialist nursing and social care professionals (n = 7). Part two comprised a survey administered to a range of EB specialist professionals (n = 26). Results: The interview data were analysed inductively and informed the survey design. The survey data were analysed deductively and compared to the interview findings. Three integrated themes were subsequently depicted: the intensity and depth of involvement; managing with limited resources; and the need to look after yourself. Discussion: Findings show the ways in which the work can affect well-being and how the impact is intensified by the low numbers of specialist professionals in the field. But the support of team members, access to effective supervision and the rewards of working with a remarkable population make the professional role worthwhile. Adequate clinical supervision, skills training and access to multi-disciplinary expertise were all highlighted as beneficial for well-being.
Thrombospondin-1 induces platelet activation through CD36-dependent inhibition of the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling cascade
Authors: Roberts Wayne , Magwenzi Simbarashe , Aburima Ahmed , Naseem Khalid M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling modulates platelet function at sites of vascular injury. Here we show that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) prevents cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling through a CD36-dependent mechanism. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) induced a robust inhibition of both platelet aggregation and platelet arrest under physiologic conditions of flow. Exogenous TSP-1 reduced significantly PGE1-mediated inhibition of both platelet aggregation and platelet arrest. TSP-1 prevented PGE1-stimulated cAMP accrual and phosphorylation of PKA substrates, through a mechanism requiring phosphodiesterase3A. TSP-1 also inhibited VASP phosphorylation stimulated by the nonhydrolyzable cAMP analog, 8-bromo-cAMP, indicating that it may regulate cAMP-mediated activation of PKA. The inhibitory effect of TSP-1 on cAMP signaling could be reproduced with a peptide possessing a CD36 binding sequence of TSP-1, while the effects of TSP-1 were prevented by a CD36 blocking antibody. TSP-1 and the CD36 binding peptide induced phosphorylation of Src kinases, p38 and JNK. Moreover, inhibition of Src kinases blocked TSP-1–mediated regulation of cAMP concentrations and the phosphorylation of VASP, indicating that TSP-1 modulated the cAMP/PKA signaling events through a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway downstream of CD36. These data reveal a new role for TSP-1 in promoting platelet aggregation through modulation of the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway.
Angiogenic factor signaling regulates centrosome duplication in endothelial cells of developing blood vessels
Authors: Taylor Sarah M. , Nevis Kathleen R. , Park Hannah L. , Rogers Gregory C. , Rogers Stephen L. , Cook Jeanette G. , Bautch Victoria L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRegulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is required for proper angiogenesis, and excess VEGF signaling results in aberrantly formed vessels that do not function properly. Tumor endothelial cells have excess centrosomes and are aneuploid, properties that probably contribute to the morphologic and functional abnormalities of tumor vessels. We hypothesized that endothelial cell centrosome number is regulated by signaling via angiogenic factors, such as VEGF. We found that endothelial cells in developing vessels exposed to elevated VEGF signaling display centrosome overduplication. Signaling from VEGF, through either MEK/ERK or AKT to cyclin E/Cdk2, is amplified in association with centrosome overduplication, and blockade of relevant pathway components rescued the centrosome overduplication defect. Endothelial cells exposed to elevated FGF also had excess centrosomes, suggesting that multiple angiogenic factors regulate centrosome number. Endothelial cells with excess centrosomes survived and formed aberrant spindles at mitosis. Developing vessels exposed to elevated VEGF signaling also exhibited increased aneuploidy of endothelial cells, which is associated with cellular dysfunction. These results provide the first link between VEGF signaling and regulation of the centrosome duplication cycle, and suggest that endothelial cell centrosome overduplication contributes to aberrant angiogenesis in developing vessel networks exposed to excess angiogenic factors.
Incidence of hematologic malignancies in Europe by morphologic subtype: results of the HAEMACARE project
Authors: Sant Milena , Allemani Claudia , Tereanu Carmen , De Angelis Roberta , Capocaccia Riccardo , Visser Otto , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Maynadié Marc , Simonetti Arianna , Lutz Jean-Michel , Berrino Franco ,   and the HAEMACARE Working Group
Published: July 2010

AbstractChanging definitions and classifications of hematologic malignancies (HMs) complicate incidence comparisons. HAEMACARE classified HMs into groupings consistent with the latest World Health Organization classification and useful for epidemiologic and public health purposes. We present crude, age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates for European HMs according to these groupings, estimated from 66 371 lymphoid malignancies (LMs) and 21 796 myeloid malignancies (MMs) registered in 2000-2002 by 44 European cancer registries, grouped into 5 regions. Age-standardized incidence rates were 24.5 (per 100 000) for LMs and 7.55 for MMs. The commonest LMs were plasma cell neoplasms (4.62), small B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphatic leukemia (3.79), diffuse B-cell lymphoma (3.13), and Hodgkin lymphoma (2.41). The commonest MMs were acute myeloid leukemia (2.96), other myeloproliferative neoplasms (1.76), and myelodysplastic syndrome (1.24). Unknown morphology LMs were commonest in Northern Europe (7.53); unknown morphology MMs were commonest in Southern Europe (0.73). Overall incidence was lowest in Eastern Europe and lower in women than in men. For most LMs, incidence was highest in Southern Europe; for MMs incidence was highest in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Differences in diagnostic and registration criteria are an important cause of incidence variation; however, different distribution of HM risk factors also contributes. The quality of population-based HM data needs further improvement.
Comparative venom gland transcriptome analysis of the scorpion Lychas mucronatus reveals intraspecific toxic gene diversity and new venomous components
Authors: Ruiming Zhao , Yibao Ma , Yawen He , Zhiyong Di , Yingliang Wu , Zhijian Cao , Wenxin Li 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background

Lychas mucronatus is one scorpion species widely distributed in Southeast Asia and southern China. Anything is hardly known about its venom components, despite the fact that it can often cause human accidents. In this work, we performed a venomous gland transcriptome analysis by constructing and screening the venom gland cDNA library of the scorpion Lychas mucronatus from Yunnan province and compared it with the previous results of Hainan-sourced Lychas mucronatus.

Results
A total of sixteen known types of venom peptides and proteins are obtained from the venom gland cDNA library of Yunnan-sourced Lychas mucronatus, which greatly increase the number of currently reported scorpion venom peptides. Interestingly, we also identified nineteen atypical types of venom molecules seldom reported in scorpion species. Surprisingly, the comparative transcriptome analysis of Yunnan-sourced Lychas mucronatus and Hainan-sourced Lychas mucronatus indicated that enormous diversity and vastly abundant difference could be found in venom peptides and proteins between populations of the scorpion Lychas mucronatus from different geographical regions.

Conclusions
This work characterizes a large number of venom molecules never identified in scorpion species. This result provides a comparative analysis of venom transcriptomes of the scorpion Lychas mucronatus from different geographical regions, which thoroughly reveals the fact that the venom peptides and proteins of the same scorpion species from different geographical regions are highly diversified and scorpion evolves to adapt a new environment by altering the primary structure and abundance of venom peptides and proteins.
Perceptions and behaviors related to hand hygiene for the prevention of H1N1 influenza transmission among Korean university students during the peak pandemic period
Authors: Park Jae-Hyun , Cheong Hae-Kwan , Son Dae-Yong , Kim Seon-Ung , Ha Chang-Min 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study was performed to better assess the perceptions, motivating factors, and behaviors associated with the use of hand washing to prevent H1N1 influenza transmission during the peak pandemic period in Korea.MethodsA cross-sectional survey questionnaire was completed by 942 students at a university campus in Suwon, Korea, between December 1 and 8, 2009. The survey included questions regarding individual perceptions, motivating factors, and behaviors associated with hand washing for the prevention of H1N1 influenza transmission.ResultsCompared to one year prior, 30.3% of participants reported increasing their hand washing frequency. Female students were more likely to practice more frequent hand washing. Women also perceived the effectiveness of hand washing to be lower, and illness severity and personal susceptibility to H1N1 infection to be higher. Study participants who were female (OR: 1.79-3.90) who perceived of hand washing to be effective (OR: 1.34-12.15) and illness severity to be greater (OR: 1.00-3.12) washed their hands more frequently.ConclusionsKorean students increased their frequency of hand hygiene practices during the pandemic, with significant gender differences existing in the attitudes and behaviors related to the use of hand hygiene as a means of disease prevention. Here, the factors that affected hand washing behavior were similar to those identified at the beginning of the H1N1 or SARS pandemics, suggesting that public education campaigns regarding hand hygiene are effective in altering individual hand hygiene habits during the peak periods of influenza transmission.
Vulnerability of eco-environmental health to climate change: the views of government stakeholders and other specialists in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Strand Linn B , Tong Shilu , Aird Rosemary , McRae David 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
There is overwhelming scientific evidence that human activities have changed and will continue to change the climate of the Earth. Eco-environmental health, which refers to the interdependencies between ecological systems and population health and well-being, is likely to be significantly influenced by climate change. The aim of this study was to examine perceptions from government stakeholders and other relevant specialists about the threat of climate change, their capacity to deal with it, and how to develop and implement a framework for assessing vulnerability of eco-environmental health to climate change.

Methods
Two focus groups were conducted in Brisbane, Australia with representatives from relevant government agencies, non-governmental organisations, and the industry sector (n = 15) involved in the discussions. The participants were specialists on climate change and public health from governmental agencies, industry, and non-governmental organisations in South-East Queensland.

Results
The specialists perceived climate change to be a threat to eco-environmental health and had substantial knowledge about possible implications and impacts. A range of different methods for assessing vulnerability were suggested by the participants and the complexity of assessment when dealing with multiple hazards was acknowledged. Identified factors influencing vulnerability were perceived to be of a social, physical and/or economic nature. They included population growth, the ageing population with associated declines in general health and changes in the vulnerability of particular geographical areas due to for example, increased coastal development, and financial stress. Education, inter-sectoral collaboration, emergency management (e.g. development of early warning systems), and social networks were all emphasised as a basis for adapting to climate change. To develop a framework, different approaches were discussed for assessing eco-environmental health vulnerability, including literature reviews to examine the components of vulnerability such as natural hazard risk and exposure and to investigate already existing frameworks for assessing vulnerability.

Conclusion
The study has addressed some important questions in regard to government stakeholders and other specialists' views on the threat of climate change and its potential impacts on eco-environmental health. These findings may have implications in climate change and public health decision-making.
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 licenses CD16-mediated effector functions of natural killer cells
Authors: Parsons Matthew S , Zipperlen Katrin , Gallant Maureen , Grant Michael 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity levels reflect a formative interaction between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 and the class I human leukocyte antigen Bw4 epitope.
Activating receptor-mediated recognition of stress-induced ligands or IgG antibody bridging of tumor or pathogen-associated antigens to the FcγRIII CD16 triggers NK cells to kill transformed and infected cells with reduced HLA-I expression. According to the licensing hypothesis, NK cells become competent for activating receptor-mediated triggering after a formative encounter between a NK inhibitory receptor and its ligand. This general hypothesis is supported by murine and human studies, but to date, evidence of a role for such licensing in human ADCC is ambiguous. Inhibitory receptor interactions with HLA-C promote NK cell ADCC licensing, but interactions between KIR3DL1 and its HLA-Bw4 ligand may be insufficient. We investigated the impact of KIR3DL1 and HLA-Bw4 coexpression on NK cell ADCC using a robust, genuine target system of antibody-bearing EBV-transformed B lymphocytes. Although numbers of KIR3DL1+ NK cells were similar in HLA-Bw4+ and HLA-Bw4– individuals, general levels of ADCC mediated against target cells were significantly higher in a group of HLA-Bw4+KIR3DL1+ individuals than in a comparable HLA-Bw4– group. Flow cytometry demonstrated directly that a significantly higher fraction of KIR3DL1+ NK cells derived from HLA-Bw4+ compared with HLA-Bw4– individuals produced IFN-γ following stimulation with ADCC targets. Murine FcR-bearing P815 target cells also triggered higher levels of CD16-mediated cytotoxicity by NK cells from HLA-Bw4+KIR3DL1+ individuals. These results indicate a prominent role for KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4 interactions in licensing NK cells for CD16-mediated effector function.
Chemical Defoliation of Cotton: V. Effects of Premature Defoliant and Desiccant Treatments on Boll Components, Fiber Properties, Germination, and Yield of Cotton1
Authors: Brown Lamar C. , Hyer A. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisChemical defoliant and desiccant treatments of cotton in Arizona when bolls were less than 35 days of age adversely affected boll components, fiber length, percent germination, and yield. No damage was found when bolls were 35 or more days of age.
Semidwarf Growth Habit in Winter Wheat Improvement for the Pacific Northwest1
Authors: Vogel O. A. , Craddock J. C. , Muir C. E. , Everson E. H. , Rohde C. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisComparison of agronomic characters between semi‐dwarf selections and commercial short and very short strawed varieties suggests that semi‐dwarf growth habit represents an important development in breeding winter wheats better suited to Pacific Northwest conditions. Bushel‐per‐acre yields of selections were higher than Brevor and Elmar; selections were approximately two‐thirds as tall as Brevor; they did not equal the sheaf weight of Brevor but averaged higher in grain yield and lower in straw tonnage. Average protein content was only slightly lower than Elmar and Brevor.
Effect of Seeding Rates and Time of Harvest on Yield and Quality of Oat‐Pea Forage1
Authors: Hodgson H. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMixtures of 50 to 65 pounds of peas and 35 to 50 pounds of oats per acre produced both highest yields and highest percent dry matter and protein in Alaska experiments. Late milk to early dough stage appeared best for harvest. At later stages, higher dry matter content offset protein gains in silage use.