bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrite Oxidation in Ion Chromatography‐Electrospray Ionization‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry (IC‐ESI‐MS/MS)
Authors: Farhat Ali , Dooley Alek N. , Ahmad Farrukh 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNitrite anions are formed in the human body and in the natural environment as intermediate chemical compounds during the reduction of nitrate, a ubiquitous anthropogenic contaminant introduced into the environment primarily through fertilizer use. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in ion chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (IC‐ESI‐MS/MS) is a promising new technique for quantifying and confirming the identity of anions in complex aqueous mixtures. In this article, we present the results of a short investigation devised to: (1) compare the signal generated by the MRM transitions for nitrite with those for nitrate, (2) isolate the source of the signal from these MRM transitions occurring within the IC‐ESI‐MS/MS instrument and (3) assess the relationship between the observed MRM signals for nitrite. The MRM transitions used in this study were m/z 62 (NO3−) →m/z 46 (NO2−) and m/z 46 (NO2−) →m/z 46 (NO2−). Results of the investigation revealed the association of both MRM transitions with the nitrite chromatographic peak, indicating the occurrence of nitrite oxidation to nitrate at the ESI interface before the first quadrupole. Calibrations for both MRM signals, as well as their sum, were found to be linear. However, the ratio of m/z 62 →m/z 46 to m/z 46 →m/z 46 (indicating an extent of oxidation) ranged from 35 to 56% over a nitrite concentration range of 10 to 100 ppm, showing no clear trend associated with concentration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ectopic chondro‐ossification and erroneous extracellular matrix deposition in a tendon window injury model
Authors: Lui Pauline Po Yee , Cheuk Yau Chuk , Lee Yuk Wa , Chan Kai Ming 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe acquisition of chondro‐osteogenic phenotypes and erroneous matrix deposition may account for poor tissue quality after acute tendon injury. We investigated the presence of chondrocyte phenotype, ossification, and the changes in the expression of major collagens and proteoglycans in the window wound in a rat patellar tendon window injury model using histology, von Kossa staining and immunohistochemistry of Sox 9, major collagens, and proteoglycans. Our results showed that the repair tissue did not restore to normal after acute injury. Ectopic chondrogenesis was observed in 33% of samples inside wound at week 4 while ectopic ossification surrounded by chondrocyte‐like cells were observed in the window wound in 50% of samples at week 12. There was sustained expression of biglycan and reduced expression of aggrecan and decorin in the tendon matrix in the repair tissue. The erroneous deposition of extracellular matrix and ectopic chondro‐ossification in the repair tissue, both might influence each other, might account for the poor tissue quality after acute injury. Higher expression of biglycan and aggrecan were observed in the ectopic chondro‐ossification sites in the repair tissue, suggesting that they might have roles in ectopic chondro‐osteogenesis. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:37–46, 2012
Forensic examination of multilayer white paint by lateral scanning Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Stewart S.P. , Bell S.E.J. , Armstrong W.J. , Kee G. , Speers S.J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMultilayer samples of white architectural paint potentially have very high evidential value in forensic casework, because the probability that two unrelated samples will have the same sequence of layers is extremely low. However, discrimination between the different layers using optical microscopy is often difficult or impossible. Here, lateral scanning Raman spectroscopy has been used to chemically map the cross‐sections of multilayer white paint chips. It was found that the spectra did allow the different layers to be delineated on the basis of their spectral features. The boundaries between different layers were not as sharp as expected, with transitions occurring over length scales of > 20 µm, even with laser spot diameters < 4 µm. However, the blurring of the boundaries was not so large as to prevent recording and identification of spectra from each of the layers in the samples. This method clearly provides excellent discrimination between different multilayer white paint samples and can readily be incorporated into existing procedures for examination of paint transfer evidence. © 2011 Crown copyright.
Precise determination of Mg/Fe ratios applicable to terrestrial olivine samples using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ishibashi Hidemi , Arakawa Masashi , Yamamoto Junji , Kagi Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe relationship between Mg# [ = 100 Mg/(Mg + Fe) in mol] and the Raman shift was analyzed precisely for olivine [(Mg, Fe)2SiO4] samples with Mg# between 100 and 62.8. Two prominent peaks at 826–820 cm−1 (peak 1) and 858–849 cm−1 (peak 2) and three subordinate peaks at 883–881 cm−1 (peak 3), 920–914 cm−1 (peak 4), and 967–951 cm−1 (peak 5) were observed to shift monotonously to lower wavenumbers with decreasing Mg#. The ΔMg#( = Mg#ref − Mg#) versus Δν(= νref − ν) can be linearly regressed for each peak as ΔMg# = A Δν, where ν is a peak wavenumber of olivine with Mg# ranging from 100 to 62.8, and νref is that of olivine with a reference value of Mg#, namely, Mg#ref. We set Mg#ref as 100 (i.e.pure forsterite Mg2SiO4) whereas A is a regression parameter (5.789, 4.294, 12.34, 6.348, and 2.09, respectively,for peaks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). This equation enables us to avoid small inter‐laboratory differences of wavenumber calibration. The equation for peak 2 yields estimations of Mg# in geologically satisfactory precision, ± 1 Mg# (1σ) in the Mg# range of 100–62.8. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyenic pigments from the Brazilian octocoral Phyllogorgia dilatata Esper, 1806 characterized by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Maia Lenize F. , de Oliveira Vanessa E. , de Oliveira Maria Edwiges R. , Fleury Beatriz G. , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPhyllogorgia dilatata is a Brazilian endemic gorgonian with a natural color ranging from white to pale yellow. An unusual violet pigmentation has been observed in colonies with tissue damage and skeleton anomalies. In order to investigate the chemical composition of these pigments, we have used in situ Raman spectroscopy to characterize the white/cream and violet tissues as well as sclerites, a skeletal component consisting of calcite, from both samples. Violet/purple pigmentation surrounding tissue necrosis is characterized as purpling, in response to fungus infection and allelopathic interactions. The spectroscopic analysis of the white‐cream tissues, designated as healthy, has revealed the presence of the carotenoid peridinin, typical of the endosymbiont that harbors this species; however, peridinin was not observed in the colorless sclerites analysis, presenting bands exclusively of calcite. In contrast, the violet coloration of damaged tissue has also been observed in the sclerites. Both showed Raman bands corresponding to unmethylated polyunsaturated aldehyde, besides calcite bands. This is the first report of purpling in a Brazilian octocoral, identified as a derivative of the biochromes named psittacofulvins, which have been reported as exclusive in parrots. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman scattering by folded acoustic phonons in InGaN/GaN superlattices
Authors: Ibáñez J. , Rapaport A. , Boney C. , Oliva R. , Cuscó R. , Bensaoula A. , Artús L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe use Raman scattering to investigate the folded longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons in a series of InxGa1−xN/GaN superlattices (SLs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy with different compositions (15% < x < 38%) and SL periods (from 8 to 20 nm). A novel, ultralow wavenumber filtering module, which provides access to ultralow wavenumber Raman modes on single‐grating spectrometers, has been used to perform the Raman measurements. Zone‐folding effects are observed, and the wavenumber behavior of the folded LA modes is well reproduced with a linear dispersion for the folded LA modes as predicted by elastic continuum theory. We employ the wavenumber of the doublets to evaluate the period of the SLs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of ischemic preconditioning on redox status during liver resections—randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hahn Oszkár , Blázovics Anna , Váli László , Kupcsulik Peter K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPortal clamping during liver resection decreases intraoperative blood loss, but causes ischemic‐reperfusion (I‐R) injury. Intermittent portal clamping (IPC) and ischemic preconditioning (IP) decreased I‐R injury in animal models. Most of the human studies about IP excluded cirrhotic patients, whose liver is more vulnerable to I‐R injury. The effect of IP and IPC during extended liver resection was investigated in this randomized controlled trial, with special respect to cirrhotic patients.MethodsOne hundred sixty patients (100 normal liver, 60 cirrhotic) undergoing major liver resection were randomized to receive IPC (15 min ischemia, 5 min reperfusion), or IP (10 min ischemia, 10 min reperfusion). Serum oxygen‐derived free radicals (ODFR) and antioxidant concentrations (preoperative, after reperfusion and 7th postoperative day), such as “conventional” liver tests (preoperative, 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative day) were measured.ResultsIP resulted in significantly lower peak ODFR, AST, ALT, and bilirubin levels after liver resection than IPC (P < 0.05). The level of serum antioxidants after reperfusion was significantly higher in IP than in IPC groups (P < 0.05). In cirrhotic patients without IP none of these values normalized until the 7th postoperative day.ConclusionsIschemic preconditioning—especially in patients with liver cirrhosis—is a suitable method to decrease the I‐R injury of the liver. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:647–653. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Iron‐deficiency anemia: A predictor of diminished disease‐free survival of T3N0M0 stage colon cancer
Authors: Zhen Li , Zhe Sun , Zhenning Wang , Zhifeng Miao , Zhidong Lv , Xiaoxia Li , Jianguang Yang , Huimian Xu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine whether iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA) predicts long‐term oncologic outcomes in patients with TNM stage II colon cancer.MethodsClinical and follow‐up data were extracted from a prospective colon cancer database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify IDA and other predictors of long‐term oncologic outcomes.ResultsAmong 644 patients, 147 (22.8%) patients presented with IDA. The data were stratified by T3N0M0 and T4N0M0. The distribution difference of IDA between the two subsets was not significant (P = 0.340). But in the T4N0M0 subset, the incidence of IDA increased with the depth of tumor penetration (75.9% and 18.2% for the patients with and without adjacent organ involvement, respectively, P = 0.011). IDA predicted a worse disease‐free survival among patients with T3N0M0 cancer (472 patients; log‐rank test, P = 0.016; Cox regression, P = 0.009), but it was not a predictor in T4N0M0 cancer patients (172 patients; log‐rank test, P = 0.016; Cox regression, P > 0.05).ConclusionsIDA was an independent predictor of long‐term outcome in T3N0M0 stage, but not in T4N0M0 colon cancer. T3N0M0 stage colon cancer patients with IDA could be included in future trials of adjuvant therapies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:371–375. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer
Authors: Su Chung‐Kuang , Yeh Kun‐Tu , Yeh Chao‐Bin , Wang Po‐Hui , Ho Esther Shih‐Chu , Chou Ming‐Chih , Liu Kai‐Cheng , Yang Shun‐Fa , Yi Yu‐Chiao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo investigate the association of uPA system genes, including uPA, uPA receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)‐1 gene polymorphisms, with risk of endometrial cancer.MethodsIn the present case control study, we enrolled a total of 134 patients with endometrial cancer confirmed by histopathology and 302 unrelated healthy individuals. Genetic polymorphisms of uPA system genes, including uPA rs4065 C/T SNP, uPAR rs344781 T/C SNP, and PAI‐1 rs1799889 4G/5G SNP were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) genotyping analysis.ResultsFrequency of PAI‐1 rs1799889 4G/4G genotype and 4G allele differed significantly between patients with endometrial cancer (36.6% and 61.6%, respectively) and healthy individuals (25.5% and 52.2%, respectively). Individuals with PAI‐1 rs1799889 4G/4G genotype were at higher risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.20–4.27). Stratification analysis showed individuals with PAI‐1 rs1799889 4G/4G genotype were at elevated risk for endometrioid type (OR = 2.49; 95% CI 1.27–4.88), low stage (stages I–II) endometrial cancer (OR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.21–4.52). However, no significant differences in uPA C/T SNP, uPAR T/C SNP genotypes were observed between endometrial carcinoma cases and controls.ConclusionsIndividuals with PAI‐1 rs1799889 4G/4G genotype were at significantly higher risk of endometrial cancer in this study. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:755–759. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ex vivo evaluation of femtosecond pulse laser incision of urinary tract tissue in a liquid environment: Implications for endoscopic treatment of benign ureteral strictures
Authors: Liang Jun‐Hao , Kang Jian , Pan Yu‐Long , Zhang Liang , Qi Jun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe femtosecond (FS) pulse laser incises soft tissues with minimal peripheral damage and is a promising cutting tool for ureteroscopic endoureterotomy of benign ureteral strictures.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of applying the FS laser to ureteroscopic endoureterotomy.Materials and MethodsA commercial Ti:Sapphire regenerative amplifier system (Coherent, RegA 9050, USA) was used in this study. Normal saline, 5% glucose solution, 4% mannitol solution, distilled water, and a 1% (v/v) suspension of whole blood with each of these solutions were tested for their attenuation rate (AR) of the FS laser's power. Bladder specimens from Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were used as a surrogate model. The laser incised slots of 2 mm in length at bladder samples using three power grades (5×, 10×, and 20× the threshold power) combined with five effective pulse rates (40, 20, 10, 5, and 2.5 kHz), both in air and in normal saline. After samples were processed with standard hematoxylin–eosin staining procedures, the incision depth and collateral damage range were determined microscopically.ResultsThe ARs of blood suspensions with each of the three isosmotic solutions were significantly higher than the other five solutions (P < 0.001). The FS laser's cutting depth and the collateral damage were increased with the laser power or power density but the collateral damages were less than 100 µm. Microbubble formation was detected in the liquid environments tested and influenced the effective laser power.ConclusionsEndoscopic application of the FS laser is feasible. Microbubble formation with the laser incision, however, may influence cutting effects. Proposed methods to address these issues include increasing the irrigation rate, using distilled water as irrigation or using gas insufflation instead of irrigation. It is necessary to evaluate these methods, as well as the long‐term biologic response to laser incision, on living animal models in endoscopic settings before use on humans. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:516–521, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A light‐activated method for repair of corneal surface defects
Authors: Wang Ying , Kochevar Irene E. , Redmond Robert W. , Yao Min 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAmniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) sealed with sutures has been routinely used to treat ocular surface defects (OSD). However, the sutures used to secure the graft on the cornea cause additional injury, infection, and scarring. A new light‐activated technique, called photochemical tissue bonding (PTB), has been developed for securing amniotic membrane (AM) over the corneal surface. The purpose of this study was to compare PTB versus traditional sutures in AMT for repair of OSD.Materials and MethodsAn OSD was created in the left eye of 40 rabbits. The eyes were randomized into two repair groups: AMT using sutures and AMT using PTB with 0.1% Rose Bengal (RB) and 532 nm laser at 0.4 W/cm2 for 200 seconds. Eyes were examined for re‐epithelialization, inflammation, neovascularization, and scarring histologically and biochemically on postoperative days 1, 3, 14, and 28.ResultsPTB strongly bonded AM over corneal defects. Corneal re‐epithelialization did not differ significantly between the suture and PTB groups. Histology, immunohistology and Western blotting revealed that the numbers of inflammatory cells and the level of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in the PTB group were dramatically lower than those in the suture group on postoperative day 3. Many fewer neo‐vessels were present in the PTB group (2.91 ± 1.00) compared to the suture group (4.33 ± 1.15) at day 28 (P < 0.05). The collagen fibers in the PTB group were well organized and orientated as assessed by second harmonic generation microscopy, suggesting that PTB treatment led to less corneal scarring.ConclusionsPTB is a superior method for securing AM over OSD with improved wound healing compared to sutures. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:481–489, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanosecond pulse lasers for retinal applications
Authors: Wood John P.M. , Plunkett Malcolm , Previn Victor , Chidlow Glyn , Casson Robert J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThermal lasers are routinely used to treat certain retinal disorders although they cause collateral damage to photoreceptors. The current study evaluated a confined, non‐conductive thermal, 3‐nanosecond pulse laser in order to determine how to produce the greatest therapeutic range without causing collateral damage. Data were compared with that obtained from a standard thermal laser.Materials and MethodsPorcine ocular explants were used; apposed neuroretina was also in place for actual laser treatment. After treatment, the retina was removed and a calcein‐AM assay was used to assess retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cell viability in the explants. Histological methods were also employed to examine lased transverse explant sections. Three nanoseconds pulse lasers with either speckle‐ or gaussian‐beam profile were employed in the study. Comparisons were made with a 100 milliseconds continuous wave (CW) 532 nm laser. The therapeutic energy range ratio was defined as the minimum visible effect threshold (VET) versus the minimum detectable RPE kill threshold.ResultsThe 3‐nanosecond lasers produced markedly lower minimum RPE kill threshold levels than the CW laser (e.g., 36 mJ/cm2 for speckle‐beam and 89 mJ/cm2 for gaussian‐beam profile nanosecond lasers vs. 7,958 mJ/cm2 for CW laser). VET values were also correspondingly lower for the nanosecond lasers (130 mJ/cm2 for 3 nanoseconds speckle‐beam and 219 mJ/cm2 for gaussian‐beam profile vs. 1,0346 mJ/cm2 for CW laser). Thus, the therapeutic range ratios obtained with the nanosecond lasers were much more favorable than that obtained by the CW laser: 3.6:1 for the speckle‐beam and 2.5:1 for the gaussian‐beam profile 3‐nanosecond lasers versus 1.3:1 for the CW laser.ConclusionsNanosecond lasers, particularly with a speckle‐beam profile, provide a much wider therapeutic range of energies over which RPE treatment can be performed, without damage to the apposed retina, as compared with conventional CW lasers. These results may have important implications for the treatment of retinal disease. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:499–510, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survivin promotes glioma angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhen Haining , Zhang Jiashu , Zhang Wei , Zhang Rui , Cheng Xin , Guo Geng , Mao Xinggang , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Xiang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSurvivin is involved in multiple signaling mechanisms in tumor maintenance, and accumulated studies elucidate that knockdown of survivin in endothelial cells could inhibit angiogenesis; however, the role of survivin in tumor cells to regulate tumor‐derived angiogenesis remains largely unclear. In the present study 80 cases of brain glioma were chosen and protein expressions of survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) in glioma cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cocultured with human glioma U251 wild‐type cells, U251 cells survivin silenced, SHG44 wild‐type cells, and SHG44 survivin‐overexpressing cells, respectively. The proliferation and migration of HUVEC were evaluated by MTT assay and transwell chamber assay. The microvessels density (MVD) marked by CD31 expression in vascular endothelial cells in glioma xenografts in nude mice was detected by IHC. VEGF, bFGF, and PDGF in the aforementioned cells were detected by quantitive PCR (qPCR), Western blot, ELISA, and IHC in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that VEGF immunoreactivity score (IRS), bFGF IRS, and PDGF IRS were all positively correlated with survivin IRS in gliomas, respectively (P < 0.01). Survivin in human glioma cells could significantly promote the proliferation and migration of HUVEC and increase MVD, which could be contributed to survivin‐dependent burst of VEGF and bFGF expression, followed by increase of tumor growth and proliferation. In summary, survivin, through upregulation of VEGF and bFGF, plays an essential role during glioma angiogenesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spin dephasing under nonlinear gradients: Implications for imaging and field mapping
Authors: Galiana Gigi , Stockmann Jason P. , Tam Leo , Constable R. Todd 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis work examines the prototypical MR echo that would be expected for a voxel of spins evolving in a strong nonlinear field, specifically focusing on the quadratic z2 − ½(x2 + y2) field. Dephasing under nonlinear gradients is increasingly relevant given the growing interest in nonlinear imaging, and here, we report several notable differences from the linear case. Most notably, in addition to signal loss, intravoxel dephasing under gradients creating a wide and asymmetric frequency distribution across the voxel can cause skewed and nonlinear phase evolution. After presenting the qualitative and analytical origins of this difference, we experimentally demonstrate that neglecting these dynamics can lead to significant errors in sequences that assume phase evolution is proportional to voxel frequency, such as those used for field mapping. Finally, simplifying approximations to the signal equations are presented, which not only provide more intuitive forms of the exact expression but also result in simple rules to predict key features of the nonlinear evolution. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.