bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential patterns of interhemispheric functional disconnection in mild and advanced multiple sclerosis
Authors: Codecà Claudia , Mori Francesco , Kusayanagi Hajime , Monteleone Fabrizia , Boffa Laura , Paolillo Andrea , Bernardi Giorgio , Koch Giacomo , Centonze Diego 
Published: August 2010

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis may present altered patterns of connectivity between the two brain hemispheres. To date, only transcallosal connectivity between the two primary motor cortices (M1) has been investigated functionally in patients with multiple sclerosis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether connectivity between the dorsal premotor cortex and the contralateral M1 was altered in patients with multiple sclerosis, and to see whether clinical progression is accompanied by exacerbated dorsal premotor cortex—M1 disconnectivity. Methods: A twin-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation approach was used to investigate both excitatory and inhibitory interhemispheric connections between the left dorsal premotor cortex and the contralateral M1 in 18 multiple sclerosis patients without disability, in 18 multiple sclerosis patients with advanced disease and in 12 age-matched healthy subjects. To activate distinct inhibitory and facilitatory transcallosal pathways, the intensity of dorsal premotor cortex stimulation was adjusted to be either suprathreshold (110% of resting motor threshold) or subthreshold (80% of active motor threshold). Results: Our sample of patients with multiple sclerosis showed altered patterns of interhemispheric dorsal premotor cortex—M1 functional connectivity even in the absence of clinical deficits. Facilitatory connections originating from dorsal premotor cortex were reduced in multiple sclerosis patients with or without disability, while inhibitory dorsal premotor cortex—M1 connections were altered only in disabled patients. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that functional excitatory connectivity originating from non-primary motor areas is compromised in multiple sclerosis patients even in the absence of clinical disability. Clinical disease progression leads to an impairment of both excitatory and inhibitory transcallosal connections.
On the Sulfation Pattern of Polysaccharides in the Extracellular Matrix of Sheep with Chondrodysplasia
Authors: Piripi S.A. , Williams M.A.K. , Thompson K.G. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: Chondroitin sulfate is the major sulfated polysaccharide attached to the core protein, aggrecan, in the hyaline cartilage matrix. Sulfation of the cartilage matrix polysaccharide is vital for normal matrix integrity and compressive stiffness of the tissue and is therefore crucial to normal cartilage formation and consequently to endochondral ossification. Several forms of chondrodysplasia, a condition resulting in clear macroscopic deficiencies in the mechanical properties of the cartilage and characterized by reduced levels of sulfate, have been identified in both human beings and animals. Design: In this study, the authors used capillary electrophoresis to investigate the sulfation state of extracted chondroitin sulfate polymers. Results: Significantly, cartilage from affected sheep had a lower ratio of the chondroitin-derived enzymatically liberated disaccharides Δdi-mono4S to Δdi-mono6S, demonstrating reduced levels of chondroitin 4-sulfate, but not chondroitin 6-sulfate, in chondrodysplastic sheep compared to age-matched controls at all ages measured. Conclusion: This supports the hypothesis that a difference in chondroitin sulfate disaccharides is detectable in affected newborn lambs prior to the development of lesions.
Different molecular behavior of CD40 mutants causing hyper-IgM syndrome
Authors: Lanzi Gaetana , Ferrari Simona , Vihinen Mauno , Caraffi Stefano , Kutukculer Necil , Schiaffonati Luisa , Plebani Alessandro , Notarangelo Luigi Daniele , Maria Fra Anna , Giliani Silvia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) cross-talk plays a key role in B-cell terminal maturation in the germinal centers. Genetic defects affecting CD40 cause a rare form of hyper-immunoglobulin M (IgM) syndrome, a disorder characterized by low or absent serum IgG and IgA, associated with recurrent infections. We previously reported on a few patients with homozygous CD40 mutations resulting in lack or severe reduction of CD40 cell surface expression. Here we characterize the 3 CD40 mutants due to missense mutations or small in-frame deletions, and show that the mutated proteins are synthesized but retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), likely due to protein misfolding. Interestingly, the intracellular behavior and fate differ significantly among the mutants: progressive accumulation of the P2 mutant causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of an unfolded protein response; the mutant P4 is rather efficiently disposed by the ER-associated degradation pathway, while the P5 mutant partially negotiates transport to the plasma membrane, and is competent for CD40L binding. Interestingly, this latter mutant activates downstream signaling elements when overexpressed in transfected cells. These results give new important insights into the molecular pathogenesis of HIGM disease, and suggest that CD40 deficiency can also be regarded as an ER-storage disease.
Who is fit for allogeneic transplantation?
Authors: Deeg H. Joachim , Sandmaier Brenda M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has expanded progressively, facilitated by the increasing availability of unrelated donors and cord blood, and the inclusion of older patients as transplantation candidates. Indications remain diagnosis-dependent. As novel nontransplantation modalities have been developed concurrently, many patients come to HCT only when no longer responding to such therapy. However, patients with refractory or advanced disease frequently relapse after HCT, even with high-dose conditioning, and more so with reduced-intensity regimens as used for patients of older age or with comorbid conditions. Thus, patients with high-risk malignancies who have substantial comorbidities or are of advanced age are at high risk of both relapse and nonrelapse mortality and should probably not be transplanted. Being in remission or at least having shown responsiveness to pre-HCT therapy is generally associated with increased transplantation success. In addition, to handle the stress associated with HCT, patients need a good social support system and a secure financial net. They must be well informed, not only about the transplantation process, but also about expected or potential post-HCT events, including graft-versus-host disease and delayed effects that may become manifest only years after HCT.
Identification, classification and evolution of Owl Monkeys (Aotus, Illiger 1811)
Authors: Menezes Albert N , Bonvicino Cibele R , Seuánez Hector N 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundOwl monkeys, belonging to the genusAotus, have been extensively used as animal models in biomedical research but few reports have focused on the taxonomy and phylogeography of this genus. Moreover, the morphological similarity of severalAotusspecies has led to frequent misidentifications, mainly at the boundaries of their distribution. In this study, sequence data from five mitochondrial regions and the nuclear, Y-linked,SRYgene were used for species identification and phylogenetic reconstructions using well characterized specimens ofAotus nancymaae,A. vociferans,A. lemurinus,A. griseimembra,A. trivirgatus,A. nigriceps,A. azarae boliviensisandA. infulatus.ResultsThe completeMT-CO1,MT-TS1,MT-TD, MT-CO2,MT-CYBregions were sequenced in 18Aotusspecimens. ML and Bayesian topologies of concatenated data and separate regions allowed for the proposition of a tentativeAotusphylogeny, indicating thatAotusdiverged some 4.62 Million years before present (MYBP). Similar analyses with included GenBank specimens were useful for assessing species identification of deposited data.ConclusionsAlternative phylogenetic reconstructions, when compared with karyotypic and biogeographic data, led to the proposition of evolutionary scenarios questioning the conventional diversification of this genus in monophyletic groups with grey and red necks. Moreover, genetic distance estimates and haplotypic differences were useful for species validations.
Transcriptional profiling of host gene expression in chicken embryo lung cells infected with laryngotracheitis virus
Authors: Lee Jeong Yoon , Song Joon Jin , Wooming Ann , Li Xianyao , Zhou Huaijun , Bottje Walter G , Kong Byung-Whi 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Infection by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV; gallid herpesvirus 1) causes acute respiratory diseases in chickens often with high mortality. To better understand host-ILTV interactions at the host transcriptional level, a microarray analysis was performed using 4 × 44 K Agilent chicken custom oligo microarrays.

Results
Microarrays were hybridized using the two color hybridization method with total RNA extracted from ILTV infected chicken embryo lung cells at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post infection (dpi). Results showed that 789 genes were differentially expressed in response to ILTV infection that include genes involved in the immune system (cytokines, chemokines, MHC, and NF-κB), cell cycle regulation (cyclin B2, CDK1, and CKI3), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cellular metabolism. Differential expression for 20 out of 789 genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). A bioinformatics tool (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) used to analyze biological functions and pathways on the group of 789 differentially expressed genes revealed that 21 possible gene networks with intermolecular connections among 275 functionally identified genes. These 275 genes were classified into a number of functional groups that included cancer, genetic disorder, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell death.

Conclusion
The results of this study provide comprehensive knowledge on global gene expression, and biological functionalities of differentially expressed genes in chicken embryo lung cells in response to ILTV infections.
Potassium deficiency induces the biosynthesis of oxylipins and glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Troufflard Stephanie , Mullen William , Larson Tony R , Graham Ian A , Crozier Alan , Amtmann Anna , Armengaud Patrick 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Mineral fertilization and pest control are essential and costly requirements for modern crop production. The two measures go hand in hand because plant mineral status affects plant susceptibility to pests and vice versa. Nutrient deficiency triggers specific responses in plants that optimize nutrient acquisition and reprogram metabolism. K-deficient plants illustrate these strategies by inducing high-affinity K-uptake and adjusting primary metabolism. Whether and how K deficient plants also alter their secondary metabolism for nutrient management and defense is not known.

Results
Here we show that K-deficient plants contain higher levels of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), hydroxy-12-oxo-octadecadienoic acids (HODs) and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) than K-sufficient plants. Up-regulation of the 13-LOX pathway in response to low K was evident in increased transcript levels of several biosynthetic enzymes. Indole and aliphatic glucosinolates accumulated in response to K-deficiency in a manner that was respectively dependent or independent on signaling through Coronatine-Insensitive 1 (COI1). Transcript and glucosinolate profiles of K-deficient plants resembled those of herbivore attacked plants.

Conclusions
Based on our results we propose that under K-deficiency plants produce oxylipins and glucosinolates to enhance their defense potential against herbivorous insects and create reversible storage for excess S and N.
Modulation of redox homeostasis under suboptimal conditions by Arabidopsis nudix hydrolase 7
Authors: Jambunathan Niranjani , Penaganti Anuradha , Tang Yuhong , Mahalingam Ramamurthy 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundNudix hydrolases play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by hydrolyzing various nuceloside diphosphate derivatives and capped mRNAs. Several independent studies have demonstrated thatArabidopsis nudix hydrolase 7(AtNUDT7) hydrolyzes NADH and ADP-ribose. Loss of functionAtnudt7-1mutant plants (SALK_046441) exhibit stunted growth, higher levels of reactive oxygen species, enhanced resistance to pathogens. However, using the same T-DNA line, two other groups reported that mutant plants do not exhibit any visible phenotypes. In this study we analyze plausible factors that account for differences in the observed phenotypes inAtnudt7. Secondly, we evaluate the biochemical and molecular consequences of increased NADH levels due to loss of function of AtNUDT7 in Arabidopsis.ResultsWe identified a novel conditional phenotype ofAtnudt7-1knockout plants that was contingent upon nutrient composition of potting mix. In nutrient-rich Metro-Mix, there were no phenotypic differences between mutant and wild-type (WT) plants. In the nutrient-poor mix (12 parts vermiculite: 3 parts Redi-earth and 1 part sand), mutant plants showed the characteristic stunted phenotype. Compared with WT plants, levels of glutathione, NAD+, NADH, and in turn NADH:NAD+ratio were higher inAtnudt7-1plants growing in 12:3:1 potting mix. Infiltrating NADH and ADP-ribose into WT leaves was sufficient to induce AtNUDT7 protein. Constitutive over-expression ofAtNudt7did not alter NADH levels or resistance to pathogens. Transcriptome analysis identified nearly 700 genes differentially expressed in theAtnudt7-1mutant compared to WT plants grown in 12:3:1 potting mix. In theAtnudt7-1 mutant, genes associated with defense response, proteolytic activities, and systemic acquired resistance were upregulated, while gene ontologies for transcription and phytohormone signaling were downregulated.ConclusionsBased on these observations, we conclude that the differences observed in growth phenotypes of theAtnudt7-1knockout mutants can be due to differences in the nutrient composition of potting mix. Our data suggests AtNUDT7 plays an important role in maintaining redox homeostasis, particularly for maintaining NADH:NAD+balance for normal growth and development. During stress conditions, rapid induction of AtNUDT7 is important for regulating the activation of stress/defense signaling and cell death pathways.
Constitutive activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β correlates with better prognosis and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in human gastric cancer
Authors: Cho Yu Jin , Kim Ji Hun , Yoon Jiyeon , Cho Sung Jin , Ko Young San , Park Jong-Wan , Lee Hye Seung , Lee Hee Eun , Kim Woo Ho , Lee Byung Lan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Aberrant regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been implicated in several human cancers; however, it has not been reported in the gastric cancer tissues to date. The present study was performed to determine the expression status of active form of GSK-3β phosphorylated at Tyr216 (pGSK-3β) and its relationship with other tumor-associated proteins in human gastric cancers.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue array slides containing 281 human gastric carcinoma specimens. In addition, gastric cancer cells were cultured and treated with a GSK-3β inhibitor lithium chloride (LiCl) for immunoblot analysis.

Results
We found that pGSK-3β was expressed in 129 (46%) of 281 cases examined, and was higher in the early-stages of pathologic tumor-node-metastasis (P < 0.001). The expression of pGSK-3β inversely correlated with lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and correlated with a longer patient survival (P < 0.001). In addition, pGSK-3β expression positively correlated with that of p16, p21, p27, p53, APC, PTEN, MGMT, SMAD4, or KAI1 (P < 0.05), but not with that of cyclin D1. This was confirmed by immunoblot analysis using SNU-668 gastric cancer cells treated with LiCl.

Conclusions
GSK-3β activation was frequently observed in early-stage gastric carcinoma and was significantly correlated with better prognosis. Thus, these findings suggest that GSK-3β activation is a useful prognostic marker for the early-stage gastric cancer.
Serum N-glycome biomarker for monitoring development of DENA-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rat
Authors: Fang Meng , Dewaele Sylviane , Zhao Yun-peng , Stärkel Peter , Vanhooren Valerie , Chen Yue-ming , Ji Xin , Luo Ming , Sun Bao-mu , Horsmans Yves , Dell Anne , Haslam Stuart M , Grassi Paola , Libert Claude , Gao Chun-fang , Chen Cuiying Chitty 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
There is a demand for serum markers for the routine assessment of the progression of liver cancer. We previously found that serum N-linked sugar chains are altered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we studied glycomic alterations during development of HCC in a rat model.

Results
Rat HCC was induced by the hepatocarcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DENA). N-glycans were profiled using the DSA-FACE technique developed in our laboratory.
In comparison with control rats, DENA rats showed a gradual but significant increase in two glycans (R5a and R5b) in serum total N-glycans during progression of liver cirrhosis and cancer, and a decrease in a biantennary glycan (P5). The log of the ratio of R5a to P1 (NGA2F) and R5b to P1 [log(R5a/P1) and log(R5b/P1)] were significantly (p < 0.0001) elevated in HCC rats, but not in rats with cirrhosis or fibrosis or in control rats. We thus propose a GlycoTest model using the above-mentioned serum glycan markers to monitor the progression of cirrhosis and HCC in the DENA-treated rat model. When DENA-treated rats were subsequently treated with farnesylthiosalicyclic acid, an anticancer drug, progression to HCC was prevented and GlycoTest markers (P5, R5a and R5b) reverted towards non-DENA levels, and the HCC-specific markers, log(R5a/P1) and log(R5b/P1), normalized completely. Conclusions: We found an increase in core-α-1,6-fucosylated glycoproteins in serum and liver of rats with HCC, which demonstrates that fucosylation is altered during progression of HCC. Our GlycoTest model can be used to monitor progression of HCC and to follow up treatment of liver tumors in the DENA rat. This GlycoTest model is particularly important because a rapid non-invasive diagnostic procedure for tumour progression in this rat model would greatly facilitate the search for anticancer drugs.
The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor modulates the expression of Salmonella typhimurium effector proteins
Authors: Ma Jun , Zhang Yong-guo , Xia Yinglin , Sun Jun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)is a host inflammatory factor. Bacteria increase TNF-α expression in a variety of human diseases including infectious diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer. It is unknown, however, how TNF-α directly modulates bacterial protein expression during intestinal infection and chronic inflammation. In the current study, we hypothesize thatSalmonellatyphimurium senses TNF-α and show that TNF-α treatment modulatesSalmonellavirulent proteins (called effectors), thus changing the host-bacterial interaction in intestinal epithelial cells. We investigated the expression of 23Salmonellaeffectors after TNF-α exposure. We found that TNF-α treatment led to differential effector expression: effector SipA was increased by TNF-α treatment, whereas the expression levels of other effectors, including gogB and spvB, decreased in the presence of TNF-α. We verified the protein expression ofSalmonellaeffectors AvrA and SipA by Western blots. Furthermore, we used intestinal epithelial cells as our experimental model to explore the response of human intestinal cells to TNF-α pretreatedSalmonella. More bacterial invasion was found in host cells colonized withSalmonellastrains pretreated with TNF-α compared toSalmonellawithout TNF-α treatment. TNF-α pretreatedSalmonellainduced higher proinflammatory JNK signalling responses compared to theSalmonellastrains without TNF-α exposure. Exposure to TNF-α madeSalmonellato induce more inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in intestinal epithelial cells. JNK inhibitor treatment was able to suppress the effects of TNF-pretreated-Salmonellain enhancing expressions of phosphorylated-JNK and c-jun and secretion of IL-8. Overall, our study provides new insights intoSalmonella-host interactions in intestinal inflammation.
Surgical treatment of gingival overgrowth with 10 years of follow-up
Authors: Ballini Andrea , Scattarella Adele , Crincoli Vito , Carlaio Roberto Gianfranco , Papa Francesco , Perillo Letizia , Romanazzo Teodoro , Bux Maria Virginia , Nardi Gianna Maria , Dituri Angela , Cantore Stefania , Pettini Francesco , Grassi Felice Roberto 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
In some pathological conditions, gingivitis caused by plaque accumulation can be more severe, with the result of an overgrowth. Nevertheless, the overgrowth involves the gingival margin with extension to the inter-dental papilla. The lesion may involve the inter-proximal spaces, and become so extensive that the teeth are displaced and their crowns covered. Severe overgrowth may lead to impairment in aesthetic and masticatory functions, requiring surgical excision of the excessive tissue. Aim of this study is to describe an operative protocol for the surgical treatment of localized gingival overgrowth analyzing the surgical technique, times and follow-up.

Methods
A total of 20 patients were enrolled and underwent initial, non surgical, periodontal treatment and training sessions on home oral hygiene training. The treatment plan involved radical exeresis of the mass followed by positioning of an autograft of connective tissue and keratinized gingiva.

Results
During 10 years of follow-up, all the grafts appeared well vascularized, aesthetically satisfactory, and without relapse.

Conclusions
Periodontal examinations, surgical procedures, and dental hygiene with follow-up are an essential part of the treatment protocol. However, additional effort is needed from the patient. Hopefully, the final treatment result makes it all worthwhile.
Comparison of raw and processed Radix Polygoni Multiflori (Heshouwu) by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Liang Zhitao , Chen Hubiao , Yu Zhiling , Zhao Zhongzhen 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background

Radix Polygoni Multiflori is the dried root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (Fam. Polygonaceae). According to Chinese medicine theory, raw (R-RPM) and processed (P-RPM) Radix Polygoni Multiflori possess different properties. The present study investigates the differences in chemistry between raw and processed Radix Polygoni Multiflori.

Methods
Five pairs of R-RPM and P-RPM as well as 15 commercial decoction pieces were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS).

Results
Two anthraquinones, namely emodin-8-O-(6'-O-malonyl)-glucoside and physcion-8-O-(6'-O-malonyl)-glucoside disappeared or decreased significantly and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside decreased after the R-RPM samples being processed. On the other hand, the contents of emodin and physcion generally increased after processing.

Conclusion
The present study indicates that processing Radix Polygoni Multiflori may change the contents and types of chemicals in it. These changes are probably responsible for the various pharmacological effects of R-RPM and P-RPM as well as hepatotoxicity.