bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential Role of Yl
MPO1
, a Novel
Yarrowia lipolytica
Homologue of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae MNN4
, in Mannosylphosphorylation of N- and O-Linked Glycans
Authors: Park Jeong-Nam , Song Yunkyoung , Cheon Seon Ah , Kwon Ohsuk , Oh Doo-Byoung , Jigami Yoshifumi , Kim Jeong-Yoon , Kang Hyun Ah 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Mannosylphosphorylation of N- and O-glycans, which confers negative charges on the surfaces of cells, requires the functions of both
MNN4
and
MNN6
in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. To identify genes relevant to mannosylphosphorylation in the dimorphic yeast
Yarrowia lipolytica
, the molecular functions of five
Y. lipolytica
genes showing significant sequence homology with
S. cerevisiae MNN4
and
MNN6
were investigated. A set of mutant strains in which
Y. lipolytica MNN4
and
MNN6
homologues were deleted underwent glycan structure analysis. In contrast to
S. cerevisiae MNN4
(Sc
MNN4
), the
Y. lipolytica MNN4
homologue,
MPO1
(Yl
MPO1
), encodes a protein that lacks the long KKKKEEEE repeat domain at its C terminus. Moreover, just a single disruption of Yl
MPO1
resulted in complete disappearance of the acidic sugar moiety in both the N- and O-linked glycan profiles. In contrast, even quadruple disruption of all Sc
MNN6
homologues, designated Yl
KTR1
, Yl
KTR2
, Yl
KTR3
, and Yl
KTR4
, resulted in no apparent reduction in acidic sugar moieties. These findings strongly indicate that YlMpo1p performs a significant role in mannosylphosphorylation in
Y. lipolytica
with no involvement of the Mnn6p homologues. Mutant strains harboring the Yl
MPO1
gene disruption may serve as useful platforms for engineering
Y. lipolytica
glycosylation pathways for humanized glycans without any yeast-specific acidic modifications.
Identification of Enterococci from Broiler Products and a Broiler Processing Plant and Description of
Enterococcus viikkiensis
sp. nov
Authors: Rahkila Riitta , Johansson Per , Säde Elina , Björkroth Johanna 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

In two previous studies dealing with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from modified-atmosphere-packaged (MAP) broiler products and a broiler processing plant, several isolates remained unidentified. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, 36 isolates were assigned to the genus
Enterococcus.
Numerical analysis of combined HindIII and EcoRI ribopatterns of these isolates resulted in species-specific clusters that were congruent with the clusters obtained by both DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit A (
rpoA
) and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase α chain (
pheS
) housekeeping gene analyses. In the analyses, a group of five isolates distinct from any known enterococcal species clustered together. The five isolates were positioned in the
Enterococcus avium
group, with
E. devriesei
being the closest phylogenetic neighbor. The DNA-DNA hybridization levels with
E. devriesei
ranged from 28.8 to 54.3% and indicated that these strains represented a novel species. The name
Enterococcus viikkiensis
sp. nov. is proposed, with strain DSM 24043
T
(LMG 26075
T
) being the type strain. Our study demonstrated that the identification of enterococci within the
E. avium
phylogenetic group demands polyphasic taxonomic approaches. The
rpoA
and
pheS
gene similarities (99.0 to 99.2% and 94.3 to 95.4%, respectively) between
E. viikkiensis
and its closest phylogenetic neighbor,
E. devriesei
, were higher than those previously reported within the enterococci. In addition, the phenotypic profiles of the species in the
E. avium
group were also highly similar, and some traits were found to be misleading for enterococci, such as
E. viikkiensis
does not grow at 45°C. The numerical analysis of combined HindIII and EcoRI ribopatterns was of considerable assistance in distinguishing enterococcal species within the
E. avium
group.
Novel Structural Elements within the Nonproteolytic
Clostridium botulinum
Type F Toxin Gene Cluster
Authors: Dover N. , Barash J. R. , Hill K. K. , Detter J. C. , Arnon S. S. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

We sequenced for the first time the complete neurotoxin gene cluster of a nonproteolytic
Clostridium botulinum
type F. The neurotoxin gene cluster contained a novel gene arrangement that, compared to other
C. botulinum
neurotoxin gene clusters, lacked the regulatory
botR
gene and contained an intergenic
is
element between its
orfX2
and
orfX3
genes.
Involvement of an Alternative Oxidase in Oxidative Stress and Mycelium-to-Yeast Differentiation in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Authors: Martins Vicente P. , Dinamarco Taisa M. , Soriani Frederico M. , Tudella Valéria G. , Oliveira Sergio C. , Goldman Gustavo H. , Curti Carlos , Uyemura Sérgio A. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
is a thermodimorphic human pathogenic fungus that causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Differentiation from the mycelial to the yeast form (M-to-Y) is an essential step for the establishment of PCM. We evaluated the involvement of mitochondria and intracellular oxidative stress in M-to-Y differentiation. M-to-Y transition was delayed by the inhibition of mitochondrial complexes III and IV or alternative oxidase (AOX) and was blocked by the association of AOX with complex III or IV inhibitors. The expression of
P. brasiliensis
aox
(
Pbaox
) was developmentally regulated through M-to-Y differentiation, wherein the highest levels were achieved in the first 24 h and during the yeast exponential growth phase;
Pbaox
was upregulated by oxidative stress.
Pbaox
was cloned, and its heterologous expression conferred cyanide-resistant respiration in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and
Escherichia coli
and reduced oxidative stress in
S. cerevisiae
cells. These results reinforce the role of
Pb
AOX in intracellular redox balancing and demonstrate its involvement, as well as that of other components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, in the early stages of the M-to-Y differentiation of
P. brasiliensis
.
The Small GTPase RacA Mediates Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Production, Polarized Growth, and Virulence in the Human Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Li Haiyan , Barker Bridget M. , Grahl Nora , Puttikamonkul Srisombat , Bell Jeremey D. , Craven Kelly D. , Cramer Robert A. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTAspergillus fumigatusis the predominant mold pathogen in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we present the first characterization of the small GTPase RacA inA. fumigatus. To gain insight into the function ofracAin the growth and pathogenesis ofA. fumigatus, we constructed a strain that lacks a functionalracAgene. The ΔracAstrain showed significant morphological defects, including a reduced growth rate and abnormal conidiogenesis on glucose minimal medium. In the ΔracAstrain, apical dominance in the leading hyphae is lost and, instead, multiple axes of polarity emerge. Intriguingly, superoxide production at the hyphal tips was reduced by 25% in the ΔracAstrain. Treatment of wild-type hyphae with diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, resulted in phenotypes similar to that of the ΔracAstrain. These data suggest that ΔracAstrain phenotypes may be due to a reduction or alteration in the production of reactive oxygen species. Most surprisingly, despite these developmental and growth abnormalities, the ΔracAstrain retained at least wild-type virulence in both an insect model and two immunologically distinct murine models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. These results demonstrate thatin vitrogrowth phenotypes do not always correlate within vivovirulence and raise intriguing questions about the role of RacA inAspergillusvirulence.
PigS and PigP Regulate Prodigiosin Biosynthesis inSerratiavia Differential Control of Divergent Operons, Which Include Predicted Transporters of Sulfur-Containing Molecules
Authors: Gristwood Tamzin , McNeil Matthew B. , Clulow James S. , Salmond George P. C. , Fineran Peter C. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTSerratiasp. strain ATCC 39006 produces the red-pigmented antibiotic prodigiosin. Regulation of prodigiosin biosynthesis involves a complex hierarchy, with PigP a master transcriptional regulator of multiple genes involved in prodigiosin production. The focus of this study was a member of the PigP regulon,pigS, which encodes an ArsR/SmtB family transcriptional repressor. Mutations inpigSreduced production of prodigiosin by decreasing the transcription of the biosynthetic operon. ThepigSgene is the first in a four-gene operon, which also encodes three membrane proteins (pmpABC) of the COG2391 (DUF395; YedE/YeeE) and COG0730 (DUF81; TauE/SafE) families that we propose constitute transport components for sulfur-containing compounds. We provide the first experimental evidence confirming the membrane localization of a COG2391 protein, that of PmpB. Divergently transcribed frompigS-pmpABCis a bicistronic operon (blhA-orfY), which encodes a metallo-β-lactamase and a coenzyme A-disulfide reductase containing a rhodanese homology domain, both of which may participate in reactions with sulfur-containing compounds. The overproduction of the BlhA and OrfY enzymes and the PmpABC membrane proteins differentially affected pigmentation. We have dissected the contributions of these various proteins and determined their importance in the control of prodigiosin production. PigS-mediated control of prodigiosin occurred via binding directly to a short inverted repeat sequence in the intergenic region overlapping the predicted −10 regions of bothpigSandblhApromoters and repressing transcription. PigP was required for the activation of these promoters, but only in the absence of PigS-mediated repression.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Metabolically Versatile Plant Growth-Promoting EndophyteVariovorax paradoxusS110
Authors: Han Jong-In , Choi Hong-Kyu , Lee Seung-Won , Orwin Paul M. , Kim Jina , LaRoe Sarah L. , Kim Tae-gyu , O'Neil Jennifer , Leadbetter Jared R. , Lee Sang Yup , Hur Cheol-Goo , Spain Jim C. , Ovchinnikova Galina , Goodwin Lynne , Han Cliff 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTVariovorax paradoxusis a microorganism of special interest due to its diverse metabolic capabilities, including the biodegradation of both biogenic compounds and anthropogenic contaminants.V. paradoxusalso engages in mutually beneficial interactions with both bacteria and plants. The complete genome sequence ofV. paradoxusS110 is composed of 6,754,997 bp with 6,279 predicted protein-coding sequences within two circular chromosomes. Genomic analysis has revealed multiple metabolic features for autotrophic and heterotrophic lifestyles. These metabolic diversities enable independent survival, as well as a symbiotic lifestyle. Consequently, S110 appears to have evolved into a superbly adaptable microorganism that is able to survive in ever-changing environmental conditions. Based on our findings, we suggestV. paradoxusS110 as a potential candidate for agrobiotechnological applications, such as biofertilizer and biopesticide. Because it has many associations with other biota, it is also suited to serve as an additional model system for studies of microbe-plant and microbe-microbe interactions.
The Chromosomal
mazEF
Locus of
Streptococcus mutans
Encodes a Functional Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Addiction System
Authors: Syed Mohammad Adnan , Koyanagi Stephanie , Sharma Eesha , Jobin Marie-Claude , Yakunin Alexander F. , Lévesque Céline M. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Type II chromosomal toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules consist of a pair of genes that encode two components: a stable toxin and a labile antitoxin interfering with the lethal action of the toxin through protein complex formation. Bioinformatic analysis of
Streptococcus mutans
UA159 genome identified a pair of linked genes encoding a MazEF-like TA. Our results show that
S. mutans mazEF
genes form a bicistronic operon that is cotranscribed from a σ70-like promoter. Overproduction of
S. mutans
MazF toxin had a toxic effect on
S. mutans
which can be neutralized by coexpression of its cognate antitoxin,
S. mutans
MazE. Although
mazF
expression inhibited cell growth, no cell lysis of
S. mutans
cultures was observed under the conditions tested. The MazEF TA is also functional in
E. coli
, where
S. mutans
MazF did not kill the cells but rather caused reversible cell growth arrest. Recombinant
S. mutans
MazE and MazF proteins were purified and were shown to interact with each other
in vivo
, confirming the nature of this TA as a type II addiction system. Our data indicate that MazF is a toxic nuclease arresting cell growth through the mechanism of RNA cleavage and that MazE inhibits the RNase activity of MazF by forming a complex. Our results suggest that the MazEF TA module might represent a cell growth modulator facilitating the persistence of
S. mutans
under the harsh conditions of the oral cavity.
Complete Genome of the Plant Growth-Promoting RhizobacteriumPseudomonas putidaBIRD-1
Authors: Matilla Miguel A. , Pizarro-Tobias Paloma , Roca Amalia , Fernández Matilde , Duque Estrella , Molina Lázaro , Wu Xiao , van der Lelie Daniel , Gómez Manuel J. , Segura Ana , Ramos Juan-Luis 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTWe report the complete sequence of the 5.7-Mbp genome ofPseudomonas putidaBIRD-1, a metabolically versatile plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that is highly tolerant to desiccation and capable of solubilizing inorganic phosphate and iron and of synthesizing phytohormones that stimulate seed germination and plant growth.
Draft Genome Sequence ofTuricibacter sanguinisPC909, Isolated from Human Feces
Authors: Cuív Páraic Ó , Klaassens Eline S. , Durkin A. Scott , Harkins Derek M. , Foster Les , McCorrison Jamison , Torralba Manolito , Nelson Karen E. , Morrison Mark 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTWhile the microbiota resident in the human gut is now known to provide a range of functions relevant to host health, many of the microbial members of the community have not yet been cultured or are represented by a limited number of isolates. We describe here the draft genome sequence ofTuricibacter sanguinisPC909, isolated from a pooled healthy human fecal sample as part of the Australian Human Gut Microbiome Project.
Genome Sequence of
Bacillus subtilis
subsp.
spizizenii
gtP20b, Isolated from the Indian Ocean
Authors: Fan Longjiang , Bo Shiping , Chen Huan , Ye Wanzhi , Kleinschmidt Katrin , Baumann Heike I. , Imhoff Johannes F. , Kleine Michael , Cai Daguang 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
is an aerobic spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium that is a model organism and of great industrial significance as the source of diverse novel functional molecules. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first genome sequence of
Bacillus subtilis
strain gtP20b isolated from the marine environment. A subset of candidate genes and gene clusters were identified, which are potentially involved in production of diverse functional molecules, like novel ribosomal and nonribosomal antimicrobial peptides. The genome sequence described in this paper is due to its high strain specificity of great importance for basic as well as applied researches on marine organisms.
Genome Sequence of the Zoonotic Pathogen
Chlamydophila psittaci
Authors: Seth-Smith Helena M. B. , Harris Simon R. , Rance Richard , West Anthony P. , Severin Juliette A. , Ossewaarde Jacobus M. , Cutcliffe Lesley T. , Skilton Rachel J. , Marsh Pete , Parkhill Julian , Clarke Ian N. , Thomson Nicholas R. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

We present the first genome sequence of
Chlamydophila psittaci
, an intracellular pathogen of birds and a human zoonotic pathogen. A comparison with previously sequenced
Chlamydophila
genomes shows that, as in other chlamydiae, most of the genome diversity is restricted to the plasticity zone. The
C. psittaci
plasmid was also sequenced.
Genome Sequence of Poultry Pathogen
Riemerella anatipestifer
Strain RA-YM
Authors: Zhou Zutao , Peng Xiaoya , Xiao Yuncai , Wang Xiliang , Guo Zisheng , Zhu Lei , Liu Mei , Jin Hui , Bi Dingren , Li Zili , Sun Ming 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Riemerella anatipestifer
is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium associated with epizootic infections in poultry.
R. anatipestifer
strain RA-YM, belonging to the serotype 1 prevalent in China, is a clinically isolated strain with high-level virulence. Here, we report the first genome sequence of this species.
Genome Sequence of
Leuconostoc inhae
KCTC 3774, Isolated from Kimchi
Authors: Kim Dae-Soo , Choi Sang-Haeng , Kim Dong-Wook , Kim Ryong Nam , Nam Seong-Hyeuk , Kang Aram , Kim Aeri , Park Hong-Seog 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Leuconostoc inhae
strain KCTC 3774 is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, heterofermentative, spherical or lenticular lactic acid bacterium. Here we announce the draft genome sequence of
Leuconostoc inhae
KCTC 3774, isolated from traditional Korean kimchi, and describe major findings from its annotation.
Genome Sequence of
Lactobacillus animalis
KCTC 3501
Authors: Nam Seong-Hyeuk , Choi Sang-Haeng , Kang Aram , Kim Dong-Wook , Kim Ryong Nam , Kim Aeri , Kim Dae-Soo , Park Hong-Seog 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus animalis
is one of the most prevalent lactic acid bacteria present during the manufacturing process of kimchi, the best-known traditional Korean dish. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus animalis
type strain KCTC 3501 (1,882,795 bp, with a G+C content of 41.1%), which consists of 7 scaffolds.
Helminths: an unrecognised disease burden prevalent among migrants in the gastroenterology clinic
Authors: Smith P J , Theis B , McCartney S , Brown M 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of, and implement a diagnostic strategy for, imported helminth infection in the gastroenterology clinic.DesignA retrospective study of eosinophil count and probable tropical exposure (phase I) followed by a prospective study of parasitological investigation (phase II).SettingGastroenterology service of an inner London hospital.PatientsAdult patients newly attending general gastroenterology and inflammatory bowel disease clinics.InterventionsIn phase I, evidence of undiagnosed helminth infection was sought by analysing patient records for associations between eosinophil count and ethnicity. In phase II, a UK guideline for investigation of eosinophilia in migrants was implemented and diagnostic yield determined.Main outcome measuresIn phase I, prevalence of eosinophilia was determined; in phase II, helminth prevalence and degree of eosinophilia before and after treatment were reported. Information on symptomatic response to treatment was recorded. Ethnicity was used as a proxy measure for tropical exposure.Results426 new patients attended in a 12 month period. Eosinophilia was present in 27 (6.3%). 10/27 (37.0%) patients with eosinophilia were of African or Asian ethnicity whereas only 20% (85/426) of patients overall were from these ethnic groups (χ2=5.27, p=0.02). Following implementation of the protocol, 25/36 migrants with eosinophilia attended for parasitological investigations. Helminth infection was diagnosed in 10/25 (40%). Strongyloidiasis (six patients) and schistosomiasis (three patients) were the most common diagnoses. Median eosinophil count was 1.06×109/l in those with helminths and 0.58×109/l in those without (p=0.004). Eosinophil counts normalised in, and symptomatic improvement was reported by, most patients after treatment.ConclusionsEosinophilia is associated with African or Asian ethnicity in an inner city gastroenterology service. This association is probably explained by imported helminths, which are prevalent in this setting, may be a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms and is easily diagnosed and treated by standard protocols.
Vascular inflammation with eosinophils after the use of n-butyl cyanoacrylate liquid embolic system
Authors: Quinn John C , Mittal Neelesh , Baisre Ada , Cho Eun-Sook , Sharer Leroy R , Gandhi Chirag , Prestigiacomo Charles J 
Published: December 2010

Objective and importanceCurrently, n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) is one of the most widely used liquid embolic agents in the treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The cases of three patients are reported who underwent endovascular embolization with n-BCA, followed by resection in two and post-embolization hemorrhage with emergent evacuation in one, with histologic demonstration of an eosinophilic vasculitis found in resected AVM specimens. This is probably the first report of this tissue reaction, which may have theoretically serious clinical implications.Clinical presentationIn this series, three patients (2 women, 1 man) presented with intracranial AVMs (Spetzler–Martin I–III) with the lesions located in the frontal lobe in two of the patients and in the parietal lobe in one. All patients presented with headache, and one also had new-onset seizures.InterventionAll patients underwent embolization with n-BCA before a planned, staged surgical resection of the embolized AVMs. One patient had four embolizations over a 5-month period, one had three embolizations over 3 months complicated by hemorrhage after embolization requiring emergent evacuation of the hematoma, and the third patient had a single embolization. In all three patients, surgical and autopsy specimens showed an inflammatory response within the embolized vasculature with a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate.ConclusionThe eosinophilic vasculitis seen in the pathology specimens may represent a previously undocumented hypersensitivity reaction following exposure to n-BCA, with the potential for adverse sequelae, including increased risk of hemorrhage as was seen in one of our patients.
Role of connexins in microvascular dysfunction during inflammation
Authors: Tyml Karel 
Published: December 2010

In arterioles, a locally initiated diameter change can propagate rapidly along the vessel length (arteriolar conducted response), thus contributing to arteriolar hemodynamic resistance. The response is underpinned by electrical coupling along the arteriolar endothelial layer. Connexins (Cx; constituents of gap junctions) are required for this coupling. This review addresses the effect of acute systemic inflammation (sepsis) on arteriolar conduction and interendothelial electrical coupling. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; an initiating factor in sepsis) and polymicrobial sepsis (24 h model) attenuate conducted vasoconstriction in mice. In cultured microvascular endothelial cells harvested from rat and mouse skeletal muscle, LPS reduces both conducted hyperpolarization–depolarization along capillary-like structures and electrical coupling along confluent cell monolayers. LPS also tyrosine-phosphorylates Cx43 and serine-dephosphorylates Cx40. Since LPS-reduced coupling is Cx40- but not Cx43-dependent, only Cx40 dephosphorylation may be consequential. Nitric oxide (NO) overproduction is critical in advanced sepsis, since the removal of this overproduction prevents the attenuated conduction. Consistently, (i) exogenous NO in cultured cells reduces coupling in a Cx37-dependent manner, and (ii) the septic microvasculature in vivo shows no Cx40 phenotype. A complex role emerges for endothelial connexins in sepsis. Initially, LPS may reduce interendothelial coupling and arteriolar conduction by targeting Cx40, whereas NO overproduction in advanced sepsis reduces coupling and conduction by targeting Cx37 instead.