bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does losing reduce the tendency to engage with rivals to reach mates? An experimental test
Authors: Zang Chenke , Chung Meng-Han Joseph , Neeman Teresa , Harrison Lauren , Vinogradov Ivan M , Jennions Michael D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Male–male contests for access to females or breeding resources are critical in determining male reproductive success. Larger males and those with more effective weaponry are more likely to win fights. However, even after controlling for such predictors of fighting ability, studies have reported a winner–loser effect: previous winners are more likely to win subsequent contests, while losers often suffer repeated defeats. While the effect of winning–losing is well-documented for the outcome of future fights, its effect on other behaviors (e.g. mating) remains poorly investigated. Here, we test whether a winning versus losing experience influenced subsequent behaviors of male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) toward rivals and potential mates. We housed focal males with either a smaller or larger opponent for 24 h to manipulate their fighting experience to become winners or losers, respectively. The focal males then underwent tests that required them to enter and swim through a narrow corridor to reach females, bypassing a cylinder that contained either a larger rival male (competitive scenario), a juvenile or was empty (non-competitive scenarios). The tests were repeated after 1 wk. Winners were more likely to leave the start area and to reach the females, but only when a larger rival was presented, indicating higher levels of risk-taking behavior in aggressive interactions. This winner–loser effect persisted for at least 1 wk. We suggest that male mosquitofish adjust their assessment of their own and/or their rival’s fighting ability following contests in ways whose detection by researchers depends on the social context.
Peptriever: a Bi-Encoder approach for large-scale protein–peptide binding search
Authors: Gurvich Roni , Markel Gal , Tanoli Ziaurrehman , Meirson Tomer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Peptide therapeutics hinge on the precise interaction between a tailored peptide and its designated receptor while mitigating interactions with alternate receptors is equally indispensable. Existing methods primarily estimate the binding score between protein and peptide pairs. However, for a specific peptide without a corresponding protein, it is challenging to identify the proteins it could bind due to the sheer number of potential candidates.

Results
We propose a transformers-based protein embedding scheme in this study that can quickly identify and rank millions of interacting proteins. Furthermore, the proposed approach outperforms existing sequence- and structure-based methods, with a mean AUC-ROC and AUC-PR of 0.73.

Availability and implementation
Training data, scripts, and fine-tuned parameters are available at https://github.com/RoniGurvich/Peptriever. The proposed method is linked with a web application available for customized prediction at https://peptriever.app/.
DeepAVP-TPPred: identification of antiviral peptides using transformed image-based localized descriptors and binary tree growth algorithm
Authors: Ullah Matee , Akbar Shahid , Raza Ali , Zou Quan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Despite the extensive manufacturing of antiviral drugs and vaccination, viral infections continue to be a major human ailment. Antiviral peptides (AVPs) have emerged as potential candidates in the pursuit of novel antiviral drugs. These peptides show vigorous antiviral activity against a diverse range of viruses by targeting different phases of the viral life cycle. Therefore, the accurate prediction of AVPs is an essential yet challenging task. Lately, many machine learning-based approaches have developed for this purpose; however, their limited capabilities in terms of feature engineering, accuracy, and generalization make these methods restricted.

Results
In the present study, we aim to develop an efficient machine learning-based approach for the identification of AVPs, referred to as DeepAVP-TPPred, to address the aforementioned problems. First, we extract two new transformed feature sets using our designed image-based feature extraction algorithms and integrate them with an evolutionary information-based feature. Next, these feature sets were optimized using a novel feature selection approach called binary tree growth Algorithm. Finally, the optimal feature space from the training dataset was fed to the deep neural network to build the final classification model. The proposed model DeepAVP-TPPred was tested using stringent 5-fold cross-validation and two independent dataset testing methods, which achieved the maximum performance and showed enhanced efficiency over existing predictors in terms of both accuracy and generalization capabilities.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/MateeullahKhan/DeepAVP-TPPred.
How side effects can improve treatment efficacy: a randomized trial
Authors: Schenk Lieven A , Fadai Tahmine , Büchel Christian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While treatment side effects may adversely impact patients, they could also potentially function as indicators for effective treatment. In this study, we investigated whether and how side effects can trigger positive treatment expectations and enhance treatment outcomes.
In this pre-registered trial (DRKS00026648), 77 healthy participants were made to believe that they will receive fentanyl nasal sprays before receiving thermal pain in a controlled experimental setting. However, nasal sprays did not contain fentanyl, rather they either contained capsaicin to induce a side effect (mild burning sensation) or saline (inert). After the first session, participants were randomized to two groups and underwent functional MRI. One group continued to believe that the nasal sprays could contain fentanyl while the other group was explicitly informed that no fentanyl was included. This allowed for the independent manipulation of the side effects and the expectation of pain relief.
Our results revealed that nasal sprays with a side effect lead to lower pain than inert nasal sprays without side effects. The influence of side effects on pain was dependent on individual beliefs about how side effects are related to treatment outcome, as well as on expectations about received treatment. Functional MRI data indicated an involvement of the descending pain modulatory system including the anterior cingulate cortex and the periaqueductal gray during pain after experiencing a nasal spray with side effects.
In summary, our data show that mild side effects can serve as a signal for effective treatment thereby influencing treatment expectations and outcomes, which is mediated by the descending pain modulatory system. Using these mechanisms in clinical practice could provide an efficient way to optimize treatment outcome. In addition, our results indicate an important confound in clinical trials, where a treatment (with potential side effects) is compared to placebo.
Distinct virtual histology of grey matter atrophy in four neuroinflammatory diseases
Authors: Sun Jun , Guo Min , Chai Li , Xu Siyao , Lizhu Yuerong , Li Yuna , Duan Yunyun , Xu Xiaolu , Lv Shan , Weng Jinyuan , Li Kuncheng , Zhou Fuqing , Li Haiqing , Li Yongmei , Han Xuemei , Shi Fu-Dong , Zhang Xinghu , Tian De-Cai , Zhuo Zhizheng , Liu Yaou 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Grey matter (GM) atrophies are observed in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders [NMOSD; both anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive (AQP4+) and -negative (AQP4−) subtypes] and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Revealing the pathogenesis of brain atrophy in these disorders would help their differential diagnosis and guide therapeutic strategies.
To determine the neurobiological underpinnings of GM atrophies in multiple sclerosis, AQP4+ NMOSD, AQP4− NMOSD and MOGAD, we conducted a virtual histology analysis that links T1-weighted image derived GM atrophy and gene expression using a multicentre cohort of 324 patients with multiple sclerosis, 197 patients with AQP4+ NMOSD, 75 patients with AQP4− NMOSD, 47 patients with MOGAD and 2169 healthy control subjects. First, interregional GM atrophy profiles across the cortical and subcortical regions were determined using Cohen's d between patients with multiple sclerosis, AQP4+ NMOSD, AQP4− NMOSD or MOGAD and healthy controls. The GM atrophy profiles were then spatially correlated with the gene expression levels extracted from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, respectively. Finally, we explored the virtual histology of clinical-feature relevant GM atrophy using a subgroup analysis that stratified by physical disability, disease duration, number of relapses, lesion burden and cognitive function.
Multiple sclerosis showed a severe widespread GM atrophy pattern, mainly involving subcortical nuclei and brainstem. AQP4+ NMOSD showed an obvious widespread pattern of GM atrophy, predominately located in occipital cortex as well as cerebellum. AQP4− NMOSD showed a mild widespread GM atrophy pattern, mainly located in frontal and parietal cortices. MOGAD showed GM atrophy mainly involving the frontal and temporal cortices. High expression of genes specific to microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells in multiple sclerosis, S1 pyramidal cells in AQP4+ NMOSD, as well as S1 and CA1 pyramidal cells in MOGAD, had spatial correlations with GM atrophy profile, while no atrophy profile-related gene expression was found in AQP4− NMOSD. Virtual histology of clinical feature-relevant GM atrophy pointed mainly to the shared neuronal and endothelial cells, among the four neuroinflammatory diseases.
The unique underlying virtual histology patterns were microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes for multiple sclerosis; astrocytes for AQP4+ NMOSD; and oligodendrocytes for MOGAD. Neuronal and endothelial cells were shared potential targets across these neuroinflammatory diseases. These findings may help the differential diagnoses of these diseases and promote the use of optimal therapeutic strategies.
A survey of geothermal power generation combined with renewable energy for low carbon emissions
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Cai Dongsheng , Ukwuoma Chiagoziem C , Huang Qi , Bamisile Olusola 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
At present, industrial development is heavily dependent on traditional fossil energy, which has had an increasingly serious impact on the environment. Clean and renewable energy has received extensive attention and its proportion in daily life has gradually increased. As a clean and renewable energy source that is not affected by changes in weather and seasons, geothermal energy has developed rapidly in recent years and has received increasing attention. According to reports, the total installed capacity of geothermal power generation in the world in 2020 was 15 950 MW—an increase of ~27% over 2015. At the end of 2019, the total installed capacity for global geothermal direct use was 107 727 MW—an increase of 52.0% compared with 2015; the total annual energy use was 1 020 887 TJ (283 580 GWh)—an increase of 72.3% over 2015. Through the investigation of geothermal power generation technology in recent years, the characteristics and shortcomings of various power generation methods are analysed. At the same time, this review analyzes the characteristics of geothermal energy and other renewable-energy (solar energy, water energy) coupling power generation, and analyzes the principles and characteristics of geothermal energy and various new-energy coupling power generation methods. Through investigation and analysis, this review provides a complete understanding of various geothermal power generation technologies and provides insights into the future development direction.
Cedirogant in adults with psoriasis: a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tyring Stephen , Moore Angela , Morita Akimchi , Hong H Chih-ho , Song In-Ho , Eccleston Jason , Levy Gweneth , Mohamed Mohamed-Eslam F , Qian Yuli , Wu Tianshuang , Pan Anqi , Hew Kinjal , Papp Kim A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Dysregulated interleukin (IL)-17/IL-23 signalling contributes to psoriasis pathogenesis. Cedirogant is an inverse agonist of nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 2 (RORyt), a key transcription factor responsible for IL-17 synthesis and a regulator of the T helper 17 cell lineage programme.

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cedirogant to treat moderate-to-severe psoriasis.

Methods
In this phase IIb, multicentre, double-blind, 16-week study (NCT05044234), adults aged 18–65 years were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 to once-daily oral cedirogant 75 mg, 150 mg, 375 mg or placebo. Assessments included: ≥ 50%/75%/90%/100% improvement from baseline in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 50/75/90/100), static Physician’s Global Assessment 0/1, Psoriasis Symptoms Scale 0 and improvements in itch; adverse events (AEs); pharmacokinetics; and IL-17A/F biomarker levels. Efficacy results based on observed cases were summarized descriptively.

Results
Of 156 enrolled patients, most were male (70.5%); 39 patients were randomized to each treatment. Only 47 patients completed the study; the study was terminated early owing to preclinical findings. At week 16, PASI 75 achievement rates (primary endpoint) were 29%, 8% and 42% in the cedirogant 75-mg, 150-mg and 375-mg groups, respectively, and 0% in the placebo group. AE rates were similar in the cedirogant 75-mg, 150-mg and placebo groups, and higher in the cedirogant 375-mg group; most AEs were mild or moderate.

Conclusions
Patients with psoriasis who received cedirogant showed PASI improvement, and cedirogant was generally well tolerated. The results should be interpreted in the context of early study termination. Cedirogant development has been discontinued.
Efficacy of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of psoriasiform atopic dermatitis
Authors: Napolitano Maddalena , Foggia Luciano , Patruno Cataldo , Gallo Lucia , Tommasino Nello , Cecere Daniele , Megna Matteo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease with multiple clinical manifestations. Among AD phenotypes, psoriasiform AD shows the coexistence of eczematous itching lesions in flexural areas with psoriasiform plaques. The use of anti-interleukin (IL)-4 and anti-IL-13 in psoriasiform AD may lead to therapeutic failure or worsening of manifestations. A recent Delphi consensus proposed Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) as a viable alternative, even as a first-line treatment, in patients with different clinical phenotypes of AD, including psoriasiform AD. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients in our dermatology clinic with moderate-to-severe AD who were treated with JAKi. Among 192 patients overall, 21 had psoriasiform AD. We used the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Pruritus-Numerical Rating Scale and Dermatology Life Quality Index for considering severity scores, and reduction was observed in all 21 patients at week (W) 4, W16 and W24 of treatment. At W16, 81% and 67% achieved EASI-75 and EASI-90, respectively, while at W24 95% of patients achieved EASI-75 and 86% obtained EASI-90. No adverse event led to treatment interruption. This study confirmed the clinical effectiveness of JAKi treatment in adult patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasiform AD, with a good safety profile. These drugs are proposed as the first choice for treating this form of AD, although further studies with larger cohorts are required.
NKG2C+CD57+ natural killer cells with senescent features are induced during cutaneous leishmaniasis and accumulate in patients with lesional healing impairment
Authors: Covre Luciana Polaco , Fantecelle Carlos Henrique , Queiroz Ariadne Mendes , Fardin Julia Miranda , Miranda Pedro Henrique , Henson Sian , Fonseca-Martins Alessandra Marcia da , de Matos Guedes Herbert Leonel , Mosser David , Falqueto Aloisio , Akbar Arne , Gomes Daniel Claudio Oliveira 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells include different subsets with diverse effector capacities that are poorly understood in the context of parasitic diseases. Here, we investigated inhibitory and activating receptor expression on NK cells in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and explored their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity based on CD57 and NKG2C expression. The expression of CD57 identified NK cells that accumulated in CL patients and exhibited features of senescence. The CD57+ cells exhibited heightened levels of the activating receptor NKG2C and diminished expression of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A. RNA sequencing analyses based on NKG2C transcriptome have revealed two distinct profiles among CL patients associated with cytotoxic and functional genes. The CD57+NKG2C+ subset accumulated in the blood of patients and presented conspicuous features of senescence, including the expression of markers such as p16, yH2ax, and p38, as well as reduced proliferative capacity. In addition, they positively correlated with the number of days until lesion resolution. This study provides a broad understanding of the NK cell biology during Leishmania infection and reinforces the role of senescent cells in the adverse clinical outcomes of CL.
The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Older Adults: A Self-Controlled Risk-Interval Study
Authors: Jorgensen Sarah C J , Brown Kevin , Clarke Anna E , Schwartz Kevin L , Maxwell Colleen , Daneman Nick , Kwong Jeffrey C , MacFadden Derek R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has been associated with reduced outpatient antibiotic prescribing among older adults with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We assessed the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on outpatient antibiotic prescribing in the broader population of older adults, regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection status.

Methods
We included adults aged ≥65 years who received their first, second, and/or third COVID-19 vaccine dose from December 2020 to December 2022. We used a self-controlled risk-interval design and included cases who received an antibiotic prescription 2–6 weeks before vaccination (pre-vaccination or control interval) or after vaccination (post-vaccination or risk interval). We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds of being prescribed (1) any antibiotic, (2) a typical “respiratory” infection antibiotic, or (3) a typical “urinary tract” infection antibiotic (negative control) in the post-vaccination interval versus the pre-vaccination interval. We accounted for temporal changes in antibiotic prescribing using background monthly antibiotic prescribing counts.

Results
469 923 vaccine doses met inclusion criteria. The odds of receiving any antibiotic or a respiratory antibiotic prescription were lower in the post-vaccination versus pre-vaccination interval (aOR, .973; 95% CI, .968–.978; aOR, .961; 95% CI, .953–.968, respectively). There was no association between vaccination and urinary antibiotic prescriptions (aOR, .996; 95% CI, .987–1.006). Periods with high (&gt;10%) versus low (&lt;5%) SARS-CoV-2 test positivity demonstrated greater reductions in antibiotic prescribing (aOR, .875; 95% CI, .845–.905; aOR, .996; 95% CI, .989–1.003, respectively).

Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccination was associated with reduced outpatient antibiotic prescribing in older adults, especially during periods of high SARS-CoV-2 circulation.
Etrasimod for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Analysis of Infection Events from the ELEVATE UC Clinical Programme
Authors: Regueiro Miguel , Siegmund Britta , Yarur Andres J , Steinwurz Flavio , Gecse Krisztina B , Goetsch Martina , Bhattacharjee Abhishek , Wu Joseph , Green Jesse , McDonnell Aoibhinn , Crosby Catherine , Lazin Krisztina , Branquinho Diogo , Modesto Irene , Abreu Maria T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Infections are a safety concern in patients with ulcerative colitis [UC]. Etrasimod is an oral, once daily [QD], selective sphingosine 1-phosphate [S1P]1,4,5 receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active UC. It leads to selective and reversible lymphocyte sequestration and partial peripheral lymphocyte count decrease. We report infection events from the phase 3 ELEVATE programme.

Methods
Proportions, incidence rates [IRs; per 100 patient-years], and descriptive analyses of all serious, severe, herpes zoster and opportunistic infections are reported in the Pivotal UC cohort [ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12]. Cox regression models evaluated potential baseline risk factors.

Results
In this analysis [n = 787], proportions [IRs] of all infection events were similar for patients receiving etrasimod 2 mg QD (18.8% [41.1]) or placebo (17.7% [49.0]). Serious infections occurred in three [0.6%] and five [1.9%] patients receiving etrasimod and placebo, respectively. Two herpes zoster events were reported in each group [etrasimod: 0.4%; placebo: 0.8%], all localised and non-serious. One opportunistic infection event was reported in each group. No patient with an absolute lymphocyte count [ALC] &lt; 0.2 × 109/L reported serious/severe or opportunistic infections; no baseline risk factors were identified for such events. No deaths occurred.

Conclusions
Patients receiving etrasimod demonstrated no increased risk of infection. The incidence of serious infections and herpes zoster was similar in each group. Among patients receiving etrasimod, no association between ALC &lt; 0.5 × 109/L and infection events was observed. Longer-term follow-up will further characterise the etrasimod safety profile.
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03945188; NCT03996369
Prospective deep learning–based quantitative assessment of coronary plaque by computed tomography angiography compared with intravascular ultrasound: the REVEALPLAQUE study
Authors: Narula Jagat , Stuckey Thomas D , Nakazawa Gaku , Ahmadi Amir , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Petersen Kersten , Mirza Saba , Ng Nicholas , Mullen Sarah , Schaap Michiel , Leipsic Jonathan , Rogers Campbell , Taylor Charles A , Yacoub Harout , Gupta Himanshu , Matsuo Hitoshi , Rinehart Sarah , Maehara Akiko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Coronary computed tomography angiography provides non-invasive assessment of coronary stenosis severity and flow impairment. Automated artificial intelligence (AI) analysis may assist in precise quantification and characterization of coronary atherosclerosis, enabling patient-specific risk determination and management strategies. This multicentre international study compared an automated deep learning-based method for segmenting coronary atherosclerosis in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) against the reference standard of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Methods and results
The study included clinically stable patients with known coronary artery disease from 15 centres in the USA and Japan. An AI-enabled plaque analysis was utilized to quantify and characterize total plaque (TPV), vessel, lumen, calcified plaque (CP), non-calcified plaque (NCP), and low-attenuation plaque (LAP) volumes derived from CCTA and compared with IVUS measurements in a blinded, core laboratory-adjudicated fashion. In 237 patients, 432 lesions were assessed; mean lesion length was 24.5 mm, and mean IVUS-TPV was 186.0 mm3. AI-enabled plaque analysis on CCTA showed strong correlation and high accuracy when compared with IVUS; correlation coefficient, slope, and Y intercept for TPV were 0.91, 0.99, and 1.87, respectively; for CP volume 0.91, 1.05, and 5.32, respectively; and for NCP volume 0.87, 0.98, and 15.24, respectively. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated strong agreement with little bias for these measurements.

Conclusion
AI-enabled CCTA quantification and characterization of atherosclerosis demonstrated strong agreement with IVUS reference standard measurements. This tool may prove effective for accurate evaluation of coronary atherosclerotic burden and cardiovascular risk assessment.