bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of Nanomaterials for Enhanced Performance, and Sustainability in Energy Storage Devices: A Review
Authors: Goyal Megha , Singh Kulwant , Bhatnagar Nitu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of next generation energy storage devices with low self‐discharge rate, high energy density and low cost are the requirements to meet the future and environmental needs. In recent years, energy demand has risen in tandem with population growth and technological advancement. Energy resources are finite. Thus, solving economic difficulties and ensuring their continuous and efficient consumption will require new research and technologies. The use of nanomaterials in energy storage devices improves the performance of the devices with its morphologies and properties like high surface area, tunable pore size, good ionic and conductive properties. It also plays a critical role by improving the long lifespan, safety, and cyclicity of electrodes materials. This short review brings out the main approaches about the comprehensive analysis of the recent advances and future prospect of nanomaterials for energy storage technology and its applications. It discusses the classification of nanomaterials i. e., carbon‐based materials, metal‐oxides, nanowires, conductive polymers, etc. and the environmental impact in the energy storage technologies of nanomaterials. They also make it possible to occupy all the intercalation sites in the particle volume, which results in quick ion diffusion and high specific capacities. Because of these characteristics, electrodes made of nanomaterials can withstand high currents, making them a potential option for storing energy at high power and energy density. The related market study predicts that the worldwide market for nanotechnology in the energy sector will expand from an estimated $ 139.7 million in 2020 to $ 384.8 million in 2030, representing a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 10.7 percent from 2021 to 2030. Research indicates that energy storage and conversion systems using nanomaterials are more efficient. Carbon‐based materials, metal‐oxides, nanowires, conductive polymers, etc. added to phase change materials were studied for their high charge and discharge rates. Prior research indicated that several material properties, including size, concentration, form, and phase transition, significantly impacted the storage efficiency of composites. This review article also summarises and discusses the current state of knowledge regarding effective nanomaterials for its role in energy storage and conversion. Finally, possible uses for nanomaterials in new energy storage technologies, including wearable and flexible electronics, grid‐scale energy storage, and electrochemical energy conversion with different applications is discussed.
Nirmatrelvir, A COVID‐19 Drug, and Human Serum Albumin: Computational Analysis of Their Molecular Interactions
Authors: Abubakar Mujaheed , Bin Mohamad Saharuddin , Zaroog Mohammed Suleiman , Mahboob Tooba , Rajagopal Mogana Sundari , Tayyab Saad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the interaction between drugs and human serum albumin (HSA) is crucial for drug development. This study investigates the binding of a COVID‐19 drug, nirmatrelvir (NIR), to HSA through a computational approach. Molecular docking was employed to identify potential NIR binding site on HSA, and revealed distinct clusters at Sites I, II, and III. However, Site III exhibited a preference for NIR based on the lowest binding energy. Molecular dynamics simulation over 100 ns confirmed the stability of the NIR−HSA complex, with consistent binding at Site III. The compactness of HSA was maintained throughout the simulation period, as indicated by the radius of gyration, while structural flexibility analysis revealed typical fluctuations around some residues. Root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) patterns illustrated stability of the complex, and hydrogen bond analysis suggested four stable hydrogen bonds between NIR and HSA. These investigations offer insightful information on molecular interactions governing the stability of the NIR−HSA complex.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Substituted spiro 4‐thia‐1,2,6,9 tetraazaspiro[4.4]non‐2‐ene‐7,8‐diones via 1,3‐dipolar [3+2]cycloaddition
Authors: Lingareddy Eeda , Nadagouda Aishwarya , Sai Lokavarapu , Pardha Saradhi Todeti , Bansod Sudhakar , Tangutur Anjana Devi , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Kumbhare Ravindra M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA series of substituted spiro 4‐thia‐1,2,6,9‐tetraazaspiro[4.4]non‐2‐ene‐7,8‐diones were synthesized with good yields through 1,3‐dipolar substituted hydrazonoylchloride's substituted 2‐thioxoimidazolidin‐4,5‐diones under mild conditions as described. This switchable C−S and C−N bond connection with simple execution and broad substrate scope. In this study, the synthesized compounds 3 a–q were screened against four distinct cancer cell lines (PANC‐1, MIA PaCa‐2, MDA MB231 and DU145) along with a standard cell line HEK‐293, to determine their in vitro anticancer activities, and assessed using the Sulphorhodamine B assay to determine their viability
Surface Engineering of Cathode Materials: Enhancing the High Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qi Mengyu , Wang Li , Huang Xiaolong , Ma Mingguo , He Xiangming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development and application of lithium‐ion batteries present a dual global prospect of opportunity and challenge. With conventional energy sources facing reserve shortages and environmental issues, lithium‐ion batteries have emerged as a transformative technology over the past decade, owing to their superior properties. They are poised for exponential growth in the realms of electric vehicles and energy storage. The cathode, a vital component of lithium‐ion batteries, undergoes chemical and electrochemical reactions at its surface that directly impact the battery's energy density, lifespan, power output, and safety. Despite the increasing energy density of lithium‐ion batteries, their cathodes commonly encounter surface‐side reactions with the electrolyte and exhibit low conductivity, which hinder their utility in high‐power and energy‐storage applications. Surface engineering has emerged as a compelling strategy to address these challenges. This paper meticulously examines the principles and progress of surface engineering for cathode materials, providing insights into its potential advancements and charting its development trajectory for practical implementation.
Zn Doping Strategy to Suppress the Jahn–Teller Effect to Stabilize Mn‐Based Layered Oxide Cathode toward High‐Performance Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Quan Jinghua , Lin Haoxiang , Li Hongyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the research report of cathode of potassium ion battery, Mn‐based layered structural oxides have attracted the researcher's attention because of its good energy density and high specific rate capacity. However, the Jahn–Teller effect is the main limiting factor for their development. It leads to the expansion and deactivation of Mn‐based layered metal oxides during cycling for a long time. Therefore, mitigation of the Jahn–Teller effect is considered a useful measure to enhance the electrochemical capability of Mn‐based layered oxide. In this paper, an R3m‐type K0.4Mn0.7Co0.25Zn0.05O2 cathode material is designed through a Zn doping strategy. X‐ray diffraction techniques and electrochemical tests verified that the Jahn–Teller effect is effectively mitigated. High performance is achieved in the rate capacity test with 113 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. Comparison with similar materials in recent years has demonstrated its superiority, leading rate performance among Mn‐based metal oxides reported in recent years. The practical feasibility is verified in the assembled full cell with soft carbon in anode materials and K0.4Mn0.7Co0.25Zn0.05O2 as cathode. In the full cell rate test, 104.8 mAh g−1 discharging capacity is achieved at 50 mA g−1 current density.
Flexible Printed Ultraviolet‐to‐Near‐Infrared Broadband Optoelectronic Carbon Nanotube Synaptic Transistors for Fast and Energy‐Efficient Neuromorphic Vision Systems
Authors: Li Zebin , Li Min , Zhu Tianxiang , Li Benxiang , Wang Zebin , Shao Shuangshuang , Deng Zhenyan , Zhao Xinluo , Liu Cheng , Zhao Jianwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo simulate biological visual systems and surpass their functions and performance, it is essential to develop high‐performance optoelectronic neuromorphic electronics with broadband response, low power consumption, and fast response speed. Among these, optoelectronic synaptic transistors have emerged as promising candidates for constructing neuromorphic visual systems. In this work, flexible printed broadband (from 275 to 1050 nm) optoelectronic carbon nanotube synaptic transistors with good stability, high response speed (3.14 ms), and low‐power consumption (as low as 0.1 fJ per event with the 1050 nm pulse illumination) using PbS quantum dots (QDs) modified semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (sc‐SWCNTs) as active layers are developed. In response to optical pulses within the ultraviolet to near‐infrared wavelength range, the optoelectronic neuromorphic devices exhibit excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and a transition from short‐term plasticity to long‐term plasticity, and other optical synaptic behaviors. Furthermore, a simplified neural morphology visual array is developed to simulate integrated functions such as image perception, memory, and preprocessing. More importantly, it can also emulate other complicated bionic functions, such as the infrared perception of salmon eyes and the warning behavior of reindeer in different environments. This work holds immense significance in advancing the development of artificial neural visual systems.
Systemic relation between innovation capabilities, innovation strategy, and financial performance of small and medium enterprises: Impact of technology trajectory, management obstacles, and investment
Authors: Quintero‐Sepúlveda Isabel‐Cristina , Gallón‐Londoño Luciano , Collazos Alexander Zúñiga 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInnovation capabilities are an asset of the company to achieve competitive advantages, are related to strategy and impact on financial performance. They have been analyzed with quantitative methods that, although allow determining the causal relationships between the variables, are not enough to understand their dynamics, especially in developing countries. This study used structural equation modeling to confirm the relationships among four innovation strategies and innovation capabilities and financial performance in a sample comprising 135 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Colombia. In addition, an exploratory System Dynamics simulation model was designed based on archetypes to broaden the understanding of the behavior of relationships as variables change. It was found that investment in innovation capabilities, management obstacles, and the impact of changes in the technology trajectory influence the dynamics of the problem. Furthermore, different strategies generate different behaviors in innovation capabilities and different financial performance. Other theoretical and practical findings and implications are discussed.
Multivariate differential association analysis
Authors: Song Hoseung , Wu Michael C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIdentifying how dependence relationships vary across different conditions plays a significant role in many scientific investigations. For example, it is important for the comparison of biological systems to see if relationships between genomic features differ between cases and controls. In this paper, we seek to evaluate whether relationships between two sets of variables are different or not across two conditions. Specifically, we assess:Do two sets of high‐dimensional variables have similar dependence relationships across two conditions?We propose a new kernel‐based test to capture the differential dependence. Specifically, the new test determines whether two measures that detect dependence relationships are similar or not under two conditions. We introduce the asymptotic permutation null distribution of the test statistic, and it is shown to work well under finite samples such that the test is computationally efficient, significantly enhancing its usability in analysing large datasets. We demonstrate through numerical studies that our proposed test has high power for detecting differential linear and non‐linear relationships. The proposed method is implemented in an package .
Skeletal Editing of Isatins for Heterocycle Molecular Diversity
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Feng Huangdi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIsatins have been widely used in the preparation of a variety of heterocyclic compounds, where the skeletal editing of isatins has shown significant advantages for the construction of diverse heterocycles. This review highlights the progress made in the last decade (2013−2023) in the skeletal editing of the isatin scaffold. A series of ring expansion reactions for the construction of quinoline skeleton, quinolone skeleton, polycyclic quinazoline skeleton, medium‐sized ring skeleton, as well as a series of ring opening reactions for the generation of 2‐(azoly)aniline skeleton by the cleavage of C−C bond and C−N bond are highlighted. It is hoped that this review will provide some understanding of the chemical transformations of isatins and contribute to the further realization of its molecular diversity.
Inefficacy of ivermectin and moxidectin treatments against Dictyocaulus viviparus in dairy calves
Authors: Campbell Paul , Forbes Andrew , McIntyre Jennifer , Bartoschek Taylor , Devine Kayleigh , O'Neill Kerry , Laing Roz , Ellis Kathryn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus negatively impacts bovine health and leads to substantial economic losses. Lungworm infections can be difficult to manage due to the unpredictable and severe nature of clinical outbreaks. Despite the widespread use of macrocyclic lactones (MLs) in grazing cattle in the UK, there have been no confirmed reports of resistant lungworms to date, with only one case of anthelmintic‐resistant (ML) lungworm confirmed worldwide.MethodsLungworm Baermann filtrations were conducted on first‐season grazing dairy calves as part of a wider study investigating anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes in Scotland using the faecal egg count reduction test.ResultsClinical signs and significant numbers of lungworm larvae in faeces were observed after treatment with either ivermectin or moxidectin.LimitationsThere are no established guidelines for the diagnosis of resistant lungworms in the field. Currently, resistance can only be diagnosed after a controlled efficacy test has been conducted. This limits the conclusions that can be drawn; however, they are highly suggestive of resistance.ConclusionThis short report describes the inefficacy of ivermectin and moxidectin against D. viviparus and is highly suggestive of ML resistance.
China's role in the reconfiguration of Latin American peripheries: A case study of the Argentine provinces
Authors: Juste Stella M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes Argentina−China relations based on the actions of the Argentine provinces between 2014 and 2023. The focus is on the double periphery provinces and the initiatives with Chinese actors, observing the transformations produced within the Argentine federal state and in the interstate relationship between the two countries. The methodological approach is qualitative with case studies through a sample of three provinces located in the double periphery of Argentina: Catamarca, Jujuy, and Salta. This study encompasses the period from the initiation of Comprehensive Strategic Relations between Argentina and China in July 2014, extending up to 2023, coinciding with the conclusion of President Alberto Fernández's term in office.
Postoperative pain following laser fistula closure versus ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract: A prospective double‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Low Jolynn Qian Lin , Rajandram Retnagowri , Aziz Mohamed Rezal Abdul , Roslani April Camilla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies focus primarily on surgical outcomes of anal fistula treatment, such as healing rates, rather than patient‐reported outcomes, such as postoperative pain, which could influence surgical choice.ObjectiveTo compare pain scores at 6 and 24 h postoperatively between laser closure and ligation of the intersphincteric tract for anal fistula.DesignProspective, double‐blinded randomized controlled trial.SettingsA quaternary hospital in Malaysia.PatientsPatients aged 18–75 years with high transsphincteric fistulas.InterventionFistula laser closure versus ligation of the fistula tract (LIFT) treatment.Main Outcome MeasuresPain scores, continence, quality of life (QOL), operative time, and treatment failure were compared using chi‐square, Fisher's exact test, student t‐test, or Mann–Whitney with p < 0.05 denoting statistical significance.ResultsFifty‐six patients were recruited (laser, n = 28, LIFT, n = 28). Median pain scores for laser versus LIFT at 6 h postoperatively were 1.0 versus 2.0 (Rest, p = 0.213) and 3.0 versus 4.0 (Movement, p = 0.448), respectively. At 24 h, this reduced to 2.5 in both arms at rest (p = 0.842) but increased to 4.8 versus 3.5 on movement (p = 0.383). Median operative time for laser was significantly shorter (32.5 min) than LIFT (p < 0.001). Laser treated patients trended toward quicker return to work (10.5 vs. 14.0, p = 0.181) but treatment failure was similar (54% vs. 50%, p = 0.71). No patients developed postoperative incontinence. Mean SF‐36 scores increased from baseline (67.1 ± 17.0; 95% CI 63.6–82.4 vs. 71.3 ± 11.4; 95% CI 64.0–75.0) to 6 months postoperatively (77.7 ± 21.0; 95% CI 57.0–80.3 vs. 74.0 ± 14.3; 95% CI 67.6–81.4) regardless of the type of surgery (P > 0.05).LimitationsPatients with prior fistula surgery (approximately 20%) led to heterogeneity. The total laser energy delivered varied depending on fistula anatomy.ConclusionLaser fistula closure is an alternative to LIFT, with similar postoperative pain and shorter operative time despite more complex fistula anatomy in the laser arm, with a greater improvement in QOL.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06212739.
Bootstrapping M-theory orbifolds
Authors: Chester Shai M. , Pufu Silviu S. , Wang Yifan , Yin Xi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We analyze correlation functions of SU(k) × SU(2)F flavor currents in a family of three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superconformal field theories, combining analytic bootstrap methods with input from supersymmetric localization. Via holographic duality, we extract gluon and graviton scattering amplitudes of M-theory on AdS4 × S7/ℤk which contains a ℂ2/ℤk orbifold singularity. From these results, we derive aspects of the effective description of M-theory on the orbifold singularity beyond its leading low energy limit. We also determine a threshold correction to the holographic correlator from the combined contribution of two-loop gluon and tree-level bulk graviton exchange.
A new framework for higher loop Witten diagrams
Authors: Herderschee Aidan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The differential representation is a novel formalism for studying boundary correlators in (d + 1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. In this letter, we generalize the differential representation beyond tree level using the notion of operator-valued integrals. We use the differential representation to compute three-point bubble and triangle Witten diagrams with external states of conformal dimension ∆ = d. We compare the former to a position space computation.
A realistic theory of E6 unification through novel intermediate symmetries
Authors: Babu K. S. , Bajc Borut , Susič Vasja 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We propose a non-supersymmetric E6 GUT with the scalar sector consisting of 650 ⨁ 351′ ⨁ 27. Making use of the first representation for the initial symmetry breaking to an intermediate stage, and the latter two representations for second-stage breaking to the Standard Model and a realistic Yukawa sector, this theory represents the minimal E6 GUT that proceeds through one of the intermediate stages that are novel compared to SU(5) or SO(10) GUT: trinification SU(3)C × SU(3)L × SU(3)R, SU(6) × SU(2) and flipped SO(10) × U(1). We analyze these possibilities under the choice of vacuum that preserves a ℤ2 “spinorial parity”, which disentangles the chiral and vector-like fermions of E6 and provides a dark matter candidate in the form of a (scalar) inert doublet. Three cases are shown to consistently unify under the extended survival hypothesis (with minimal fine-tuning): trinification symmetry SU(3)C × SU(3)L × SU(3)R with either LR or CR parity, and SU(6)CR × SU(2)L. Although the successful cases give a large range for proton lifetime estimates, all of them include regions consistent with current experimental bounds and within reach of forthcoming experiments. The scenario investigated in this paper essentially represents the unique (potentially) viable choice in the class of E6 GUTs proceeding through a novel-symmetry intermediate stage, since non-minimal alternatives seem to be intrinsically non-perturbative.
K± → π±a at next-to-leading order in chiral perturbation theory and updated bounds on ALP couplings
Authors: Cornella Claudia , Galda Anne Mareike , Neubert Matthias , Wyler Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The weak decays K± → π±a offer a powerful probe of axion-like particles (ALPs). In this work, we provide a comprehensive analysis of these processes within chiral perturbation theory, extending existing calculations by including complete next-to-leading order (NLO) contributions and isospin-breaking corrections at first order in (md – mu). We show that the consistent incorporation of ALPs in the QCD and weak chiral Lagrangians requires a non-trivial extension of the corresponding operator bases, which we describe in detail. Furthermore, we show that in the presence of an ALP the so-called “weak mass term”, which is unobservable in the Standard Model, is non-redundant already at leading order. We find that NLO corrections associated with flavor-violating ALP couplings modify the leading-order result by a few percent, with negligible uncertainties. NLO corrections proportional to flavor-conserving ALP couplings lead to potentially larger corrections, which, however, are accompanied by sizable uncertainties mainly due to the currently limited knowledge of various low-energy constants. We study how these corrections impact bounds on the ALP couplings, first model independently, and then specializing to the case of an ALP with flavor-universal couplings in the UV. Our findings confirm that the decays K± → π±a provide the strongest particle-physics constraints for ma ≲ 300 MeV. In addition, we point out that these bounds have interesting implications for the ALP couplings to nucleons, which were so far only constrained by astrophysical measurements and non-accelerator experiments.
More on G-flux and general hodge cycles on the Fermat sextic
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Fortin Hugo , Garcia Daniel Lopez , Loyola Roberto Villaflor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study M-Theory solutions with G-flux on the Fermat sextic Calabi-Yau fourfold, focussing on the relationship between the number of stabilized complex structure moduli and the tadpole contribution of the flux. We use two alternative approaches to define the fluxes: algebraic cycles and (appropriately quantized) Griffiths residues. In both cases, we collect evidence for the non-existence of solutions which stabilize all moduli and stay within the tadpole bound.