bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Hand‐Assisted Colectomy for Transverse Colon Cancer: A Useful Technique for Non‐Expert Laparoscopic Surgeons
Authors: Takakura Yuji , Okajima Masazumi , Yoshimitsu Masanori , Hinoi Takao , Ikeda Satoshi , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic assisted colectomy (LAC) is commonly performed, but LAC for transverse colon cancer is a complex procedure, even in the hands of experts. In particular, laparoscopic take‐down of the splenic and/or the hepatic flexure and dissection of the lymph nodes around the middle colic vessels are extremely complicated maneuvers compared to the complexity of these procedures during open surgery. We herein describe a simple and less‐invasive technique for performing hybrid hand‐assisted laparoscopic colectomy (hybrid‐HALC). This procedure combines the established convenient and safe techniques of open surgery with the less invasive hand‐assisted laparoscopic approach.MethodsFrom 2000 to 2007, 22 patients with transverse colon cancer underwent hybrid‐HALC at our facility. Short‐term outcomes of hybrid‐HALC were retrospectively compared with those of LAC over the same period and with those of conventional open surgery as a historical control.ResultsThe intraoperative and postoperative data indicating the short‐term outcomes of the hybrid‐HALC group were better than those of conventional open surgery and similar to those of the LAC group; the mean operative time for hybrid‐HALC was 40 min shorter than that for LAC. Furthermore, the reduction in the operative time in the hybrid‐HALC group was more prominent in the case of non‐expert surgeons.ConclusionsWe conclude that hybrid‐HALC for transverse colon cancer is a feasible, convenient, and less‐invasive technique, and that it is a useful alternative, especially for non‐expert laparoscopic surgeons.
Accuracy of MRI and 18F‐FDG PET/CT for Restaging After Preoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Cho Yong Beom , Chun Ho‐Kyung , Kim Min Ju , Choi Joon Young , Park Chi‐Min , Kim Byung‐Tae , Lee Soon Jin , Yun Seong Hyeon , Kim Hee Cheol , Lee Woo Yong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundPerforming a restaging work‐up with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) can provide information about the effects that are related to preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of MRI and 18F‐FDG PET/CT for restaging after preoperative CCRT for rectal cancer.MethodsBetween April 2005 and February 2006, 30 patients with histologically proven rectal adenocarcinoma were included in this study. Pelvic MRI and 18F‐FDG PET/CT were performed to clinically restage the tumor after CCRT. The results of the pathologic staging were correlated with those of the MRI and 18F‐FDG PET/CT after CCRT. Two patients underwent transanal endoscopic microsurgery after CCRT, and they were excluded when the N category was evaluated.ResultsThe overall accuracy of MRI for the T category was 67% (κ = 0.422, P = 0.003), whereas overstaging and understaging occurred in 30 and 3% of the patients, respectively. For the N category, accurate staging was noted in 75% (κ = 0.410, P = 0.030) of all the patients, whereas 14% were overstaged and 11% were understaged. The overall accuracy rates for the T and N categories with performing 18F‐FDG PET/CT were 60% (κ = 0.372, P = 0.004) and 71% (κ = 0.097, P = 0.549), respectively. While MRI could not predict any patient who showed a pathologic complete response, 18F‐FDG PET/CT predicted three of the four patients who showed a pathologic complete response after preoperative CCRT. Furthermore, 18F‐FDG PET/CT identified distant metastases with an accuracy rate of 97%.ConclusionsFor restaging patients with rectal cancer after preoperative CCRT, MRI is a useful diagnostic modality to predict both the T and N categories. 18F‐FDG PET/CT is helpful in predicting a pathologic complete response and in finding metastasis after preoperative CCRT.
Incidental Gallbladder Cancer Diagnosed Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Choi Sae Byeol , Han Hyung Joon , Kim Chung Yun , Kim Wan Bae , Song Tae‐Jin , Suh Sung Ock , Kim Young Chul , Choi Sang Yong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice for benign gallbladder disease. Gallbladder cancers have been found following LC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the survival outcome and prognosis of incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed after LC.MethodsFrom January 2002 to December 2007, 3,145 patients underwent LC at the Department of Surgery, Korea University Medical Center. Of these, 33 patients (1.05%) were diagnosed with gallbladder cancer after LC. Clinicopathological characteristics were retrospectively reviewed in this study.ResultsOf the 33 patients studied, 9 were men and 24 were women. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy alone was performed in 26 patients, and additional radical surgery was performed in 7 others. Regarding tumor staging, there were 2 Tis, 6 T1a, 4 T1b, 17 T2, and 4 T3 tumors. Male patients had a significantly higher incidence of moderately and poorly differentiated tumors (P < 0.001), T2 and T3 tumors (P = 0.02), additional second operations (P = 0.046), and recurrence (P = 0.016). The cumulative 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 87.2, 73.1, and 47.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that significant prognostic factors for poorer survival were male gender (P = 0.026), age older than 65 years (P = 0.013), the presence of inflammation (P = 0.009), moderately or poorly differentiated tumor (P < 0.001), nonpolypoid gross type (P = 0.003), and pT stage (P < 0.001). Tumor differentiation was a significantly independent predictor of poor prognosis.ConclusionsMale patients exhibited aggressive tumor characteristics. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an adequate treatment for pT1 tumors. For pT2 and pT3 patients, additional radical surgery might be needed to achieve a tumor‐free surgical margin, along with lymph node dissection.
Lymph Node Harvest in Colon Cancer: Influence of Microsatellite Instability and Proximal Tumor Location
Authors: Søreide Kjetil , Nedrebø Bjørn Steinar , Søreide Jon Arne , Slewa Aida , Kørner Hartwig 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundAt least 12 harvested lymph nodes are recommended for proper staging of colon cancer. The effect of tumor‐related factors associated with lymph node harvest is not well understood as data are lacking. We investigated tumor‐related factors in relation to the number of lymph nodes harvested.MethodsPatient and tumor characteristics were investigated in relation to harvested lymph nodes (LN ≥ 12), number of metastatic nodes, LN ratio (LNR), and prognosis with univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsAn LN harvest ≥12 nodes was achieved in 36% of the patients. Having <12 nodes harvested was not associated with increased risk for locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, or decreased survival. Tumor size >5 cm, microsatellite instability (MSI), and proximal tumor location predicted a harvest of LN ≥ 12. The highest rate (54%) of LN ≥ 12 was found for MSI cancers [odds ratio (OR) 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–6.5; P = 0.011]. Multivariate analysis identified a proximal location as an independent factor of LN ≥ 12 (adjusted OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.5–8.2; P = 0.003), with MSI an independent factor in stage II to III colon cancer (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.0; P = 0.026). To determine the best prognosticator, LNR was the only significant factor in the multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.9 (95% CI 1.1–7.8; P = 0.038) for LNR 0.01–0.17 and an HR of 5.8 (95% CI 2.5–13.1; P < 0.001).
ConclusionsProximal tumor location and microsatellite instability are associated with a higher number of lymph nodes harvested, pointing to possible underlying genetic and immunologic mechanisms. The LNR is an independent prognostic variable for colon cancer.
Tunable Visible Emission of Ag-Doped CdZnS Alloy Quantum Dots
Authors: Sethi Ruchi , Kumar Lokendra , Sharma Prashant K , Pandey AC 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Highly luminescent Ag-ion-doped Cd1−xZnxS (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) alloy nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by a novel wet chemical precipitation method. Influence of dopant concentration and the Zn/Cd stoichiometric variations in doped alloy nanocrystals have been investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) to investigate the size and structure of the as prepared nanocrystals. A shift in LO phonon modes from micro-Raman investigations and the elemental analysis from the energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) confirms the stoichiometry of the final product. The average crystallite size was found increasing from 1.0 to 1.4 nm with gradual increase in Ag doping. It was observed that photoluminescence (PL) intensity corresponding to Ag impurity (570 nm), relative to the other two bands 480 and 520 nm that originates due to native defects, enhanced and showed slight red shift with increasing silver doping. In addition, decrease in the band gap energy of the doped nanocrystals indicates that the introduction of dopant ion in the host material influence the particle size of the nanocrystals. The composition dependent bandgap engineering in CdZnS:Ag was achieved to attain the deliberate color tunability and demonstrated successfully, which are potentially important for white light generation.
Influences of H on the Adsorption of a Single Ag Atom on Si(111)-7 × 7 Surface
Authors: Lin Xiu-Zhu , Li Jing , Wu Qi-Hui 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The adsorption of a single Ag atom on both clear Si(111)-7 × 7 and 19 hydrogen terminated Si(111)-7 × 7 (hereafter referred as 19H-Si(111)-7 × 7) surfaces has been investigated using first-principles calculations. The results indicated that the pre-adsorbed H on Si surface altered the surface electronic properties of Si and influenced the adsorption properties of Ag atom on the H terminated Si surface (e.g., adsorption site and bonding properties). Difference charge density data indicated that covalent bond is formed between adsorbed Ag and H atoms on 19H-Si(111)-7 × 7 surface, which increases the adsorption energy of Ag atom on Si surface.
Compactly supported analytic indices for Lie groupoids
Authors: Carrillo Rouse Paulo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFor any Lie groupoid we construct an analytic index morphism taking values in a modified K-theory group which involves the convolution algebra of compactly supported smooth functions over the groupoid. The construction is performed by using the deformation algebra of smooth functions over the tangent groupoid constructed in [CR06]. This allows us in particular to prove a more primitive version of the Connes-Skandalis longitudinal index theorem for foliations, that is, an index theorem taking values in a group which pairs with cyclic cocycles. As another application, forDa-PDO elliptic operator with associated indexindwe prove that the pairingwith τ a bounded continuous cyclic cocycle, only depends on the principal symbol class [σ(D)]∈K0. The result is completely general for étale groupoids. We discuss some potential applications to the Novikov conjecture.
Twisted cyclic theory and an index theory for the gauge invariant KMS state on the Cuntz algebra On
Authors: Carey A.L. , Phillips J. , Rennie A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper presents, by example, an index theory appropriate to algebras without trace. Whilst we work exclusively with Cuntz algebras the exposition is designed to indicate how to develop a general theory. Our main result is an index theorem (formulated in terms of spectral flow) using a twisted cyclic cocycle where the twisting comes from the modular automorphism group for the canonical gauge action on each Cuntz algebra. We introduce a modified K1-group for each Cuntz algebra which has an index pairing with this twisted cocycle. This index pairing for Cuntz algebras has an interpretation in terms of Araki's notion of relative entropy.
Food, energy and macronutrient contribution of out-of-home foods in school-going adolescents in Cotonou, Benin
Authors: Nago Eunice S. , Lachat Carl K. , Huybregts Lieven , Roberfroid Dominique , Dossa Romain A. , Kolsteren Patrick W. 
Published: October 2009

The objective of the present study was to document the food, energy and macronutrient contribution of out-of-home prepared foods in school-going adolescents in Cotonou (Benin) and compare the food, energy and macronutrient intakes of low and high out-of-home consumers. We used a cross-sectional study with 24 h dietary recalls on two non-consecutive school days to collect food intake data. Low and high consumers were defined respectively as subjects whose percentage of daily energy intake from out-of-home foods was in the first and the third terciles of the sample distribution. The setting was twelve secondary schools in Cotonou with 656 adolescents aged 13–19 years. Out-of-home prepared foods contributed more than 40 % of the daily energy, fat, protein, carbohydrate and fibre intakes and of the daily weight of food in the adolescents. They were highly present at breakfast and as afternoon snacks in high consumers, providing respectively 94 and 82 % of the energy intake of high consumers at breakfast and as afternoon snacks. Low consumers ate more fruit and vegetables and cereal grain products than high consumers whereas high consumers consumed more sweet energy-dense foods. Both categories had a diet poor in fruit and vegetables (hardly one-fourth of the recommended 400 g) and high in fat. We concluded that out-of-home foods are important in the diet of urban school adolescents in Benin. Therefore, they should be investigated in depth and taken into account in the development of interventions to promote healthy diet and lifestyles in adolescents.
Chronic intake of a high-cholesterol diet resulted in hepatic steatosis, focal nodular hyperplasia and fibrosis in non-obese mice
Authors: Sumiyoshi Maho , Sakanaka Masahiro , Kimura Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2009

We investigated the effects of a high-cholesterol (HC) diet administered long term (25 or 55 weeks) on metabolic disorders including hepatic damage in mice. The mice were fed the HC diet (15 % milk fat, 1·5 % cholesterol and 0·1 % cholic acid, w/w) for 25 or 55 weeks. Body and adipose tissue weights were similar to those of mice fed a control diet. Consumption of the HC diet long term resulted in hypercholesterolaemia, hepatic steatosis and gallstones. In addition, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and mild fibrosis of the liver developed in all mice fed the HC diet for 55 weeks. Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were elevated, and the level of hepatic platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B protein was increased in mice fed the HC diet compared with those fed the control diet. Thus, it seems likely that the liver fibrosis and FNH caused by the long-term consumption of a HC diet may be partly due to an elevation of plasma MCP-1 and hepatic PDGF expression.
A twin study of specific bulimia nervosa symptoms
Authors: Mazzeo S. E. , Mitchell K. S. , Bulik C. M. , Aggen S. H. , Kendler K. S. , Neale M. C. 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundTwin studies have suggested that additive genetic factors significantly contribute to liability to bulimia nervosa (BN). However, the diagnostic criteria for BN remain controversial. In this study, an item-factor model was used to examine the BN diagnostic criteria and the genetic and environmental contributions to BN in a population-based twin sample. The validity of the equal environment assumption (EEA) for BN was also tested.MethodParticipants were 1024 female twins (MZn=614, DZn=410) from the population-based Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry. BN was assessed using symptom-level (self-report) items consistent with DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Items assessing BN were included in an item-factor model. The EEA was measured by items assessing similarity of childhood and adolescent environment, which have demonstrated construct validity. Scores on the EEA factor were used to specify the degree to which twins shared environmental experiences in this model.ResultsThe EEA was not violated for BN. Modeling results indicated that the majority of the variance in BN was due to additive genetic factors. There was substantial variability in additive genetic and environmental contributions to specific BN symptoms. Most notably, vomiting was very strongly influenced by additive genetic factors, while other symptoms were much less heritable, including the influence of weight on self-evaluation. These results highlight the importance of assessing eating disorders at the symptom level.ConclusionsRefinement of eating disorder phenotypes could ultimately lead to improvements in treatment and targeted prevention, by clarifying sources of variation for specific components of symptomatology.
The neuropsychology of the schizo-obsessive subtype of schizophrenia: a new analysis
Authors: Patel D. D. , Laws K. R. , Padhi A. , Farrow J. M. , Mukhopadhaya K. , Krishnaiah R. , Fineberg N. A. 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundInterest in the neuro-cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia and co-morbid obsessive compulsive disorder (schizo-OCD) is rising in response to reports of high co-morbidity rates. Whereas schizophrenia has been associated with global impairment in a wide range of neuro-cognitive domains, OCD is associated with specific deficits featuring impaired performance on tasks of motor and cognitive inhibition involving frontostriatal neuro-circuitry.MethodWe compared cognitive function using the CANTAB battery in patients with schizo-OCD (n=12) and a schizophrenia group without OCD symptoms (n=16). The groups were matched for IQ, gender, age, medication, and duration of illness.ResultsThe schizo-OCD patients made significantly more errors on a task of attentional set-shifting (ID-ED set-shift task). By contrast, no significant differences emerged on the Stockings of Cambridge task, the Cambridge Gamble Task or the Affective Go/NoGo tasks. No correlation emerged between ID-ED performance and severity of schizophrenia, OCD or depressive symptoms, consistent with neurocognitive impairment holding trait rather than state-marker status. Schizo-obsessives also exhibited a trend toward more motor tics emphasizing a neurological contribution to the disorder.ConclusionOur findings reveal a more severe attentional set-shifting deficit and neurological abnormality that may be fundamental to the neuro-cognitive profile of schizo-OCD. The clinical implications of these impairments merit further exploration in larger studies.
Impaired probabilistic reversal learning in youths with mood and anxiety disorders
Authors: Dickstein D. P. , Finger E. C. , Brotman M. A. , Rich B. A. , Pine D. S. , Blair J. R. , Leibenluft E. 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundFrom an affective neuroscience perspective, our understanding of psychiatric illness may be advanced by neuropsychological test paradigms probing emotional processes. Reversal learning is one such process, whereby subjects must first acquire stimulus/reward and stimulus/punishment associations through trial and error and then reverse them. We sought to determine the specificity of previously demonstrated reversal learning impairments in youths with bipolar disorder (BD) by now comparing BD youths to those with severe mood dysregulation (SMD), major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety (ANX), and healthy controls.MethodWe administered the probabilistic response reversal (PRR) task to 165 pediatric participants aged 7–17 years with BD (n=35), SMD (n=35), ANX (n=42), MDD (n=18) and normal controls (NC; n=35). Our primary analysis compared PRR performance across all five groups matched for age, sex and IQ.ResultsCompared to typically developing controls, probabilistic reversal learning was impaired in BD youths, with a trend in those with MDD (p=0.07).ConclusionsOur results suggest that reversal learning deficits are present in youths with BD and possibly those with MDD. Further work is necessary to elucidate the specificity of neural mechanisms underlying such behavioral deficits.
Surveillance forListeria monocytogenesand listeriosis, 1995–2004
Authors: CLARK C. G. , FARBER J. , PAGOTTO F. , CIAMPA N. , DORÉ K. , NADON C. , BERNARD K. , NG L.-K. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYCanadian cases and outbreaks of illness caused byListeria monocytogenesbetween 1995 and 2004 were assessed. Isolates (722 total) were characterized by serotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to provide a means of detecting case clusters. Rates of listeriosis remained fairly consistent during the period of study, and patient characteristics were similar to those seen in studies of other populations. Most isolates were obtained from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, although during some outbreak investigations isolates were also obtained from stools. Serotype 1/2a predominated in isolates from patients in Canada, followed by serotypes 4b and 1/2b. Outbreaks caused byL. monocytogenesthat occurred during the period of study were caused by isolates with serotypes 1/2a and 4b. A retrospective analysis of PFGE data uncovered several clusters that might have represented undetected outbreaks, suggesting that comprehensive prospective PFGE analysis coupled with prompt epidemiological investigations might lead to improved outbreak detection and control.