bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensor classification for the fault detection and isolation, a structural approach
Authors: Commault C. , Dion J. M. , Trinh D. H. , Do T. H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper addresses the sensor classification problem for fault detection and isolation (FDI) with observability requirement in a structural way. The system under consideration is a linear system subject to additive faults and affected by unknown input disturbances. This system is equipped with a sensor network subject to sensor failures. We represent the dynamics of the system by a linear parameterized state space model called linear structured model. The underlying prior knowledge on the system is reduced to the existence or non‐existence of relations between variables in the model. A dedicated residual set using a bank of observers is designed in order to detect and isolate the faults. The failure of some sensors may affect the observability of the system which is a natural requirement in order to build stable observers and also may affect the FDI solvability. The main contribution of this paper is to classify the sensors with respect to their importance in case of failure relatively to the considered FDI problem. More precisely, we characterize the sensors that are essential i.e. whose failure leads to FDI solvability loss and those which are useless for such property. We also quantify the relative importance of the sensors which are not useless. The proposed graph approach is visual, easy to handle and close to the physical structure of the system. It is well adapted to large‐scale systems and essentially leads to polynomial algorithms here. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of wide‐scale substitution within meadows of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in NW Mediterranean Sea: invaders are stronger than natives
Authors: Montefalcone Monica , Albertelli Giancarlo , Morri Carla , Bianchi Carlo Nike 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica meadows in the Mediterranean Sea are presently facing invasion by alien algal species, especially where they are already showing signs of regression as a result of other stresses. Regressed meadows may be recolonized by native or alien macrophytes that take the place of P. oceanica.
The pattern and degree of substitution by either native (Cymodocea nodosa and Caulerpa prolifera) or alien (Caulerpa taxifolia and C. racemosa) species in 17 P. oceanica meadows along the coast of Liguria (Italy, NW Mediterranean) were investigated. The invaders were found to be stronger colonizers, in terms of habitat occupancy within meadows, than the natives.
A set of indices was used to quantify biological invasion within the seagrass ecosystem and to explore the relationship between the meadow's state of health and the replacement by substitutes. The ecological status of the receiving habitat was shown to play a major role in modulating the spread of substitutes.
Substitutes are thought likely to act simply as passengers of habitat degradation in deep meadows, where previous regression has increased the likelihood of their colonization, but could be the drivers for P. oceanica loss in shallow ones, where they settled even in healthy meadows thus starting the process of regression. Long term monitoring and sustained maintenance of healthy P. oceanica meadows appear to be the most effective management tools to contain the risk of ecological substitution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient method for screening and identification of radical scavengers in the leaves of Olea europaea L.
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Li Chen , Liu Yewei , Li Hongbing , Di Duolong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this article, an efficient method was developed to screen, isolate and identify the major radical scavengers in the leaves of Olea europaea L. by DPPH‐HPLC‐DAD, HSCCC and NMR. The method of DPPH‐HPLC‐DAD was used to screen the major radical scavengers. It was found that three major constituents (A, B, C) in the extract of the leaves of O. europaea L. possessed potential antioxidant activities. In order to identify the chemical structures of those compounds, the HSCCC method with a two‐phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether–ethyl acetate–water at an optimized volume ratio of 6:600:700 (v/v/v) together with column chromatography was developed to isolate and purify the active compounds. Pure compounds A (225 mg), B (10 mg) and C (12 mg) with purities 92.6, 95.1 and 96.4%, respectively, were obtained from the crude sample (500 mg). Their structures were identified as oleuropein (A), luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside (B) and verbascoside (C) by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic analysis of rhubarb extract by rat intestinal bacteria using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Song Rui , Xu Lei , Xu Fengguo , Dong Haijuan , Tian Yuan , Zhang Zunjian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThrough investigation of the metabolism of rhubarb extract by rat intestinal bacteria, a total of 14 components in rhubarb extract were found to be biotransformed. These components included aloe‐emodin‐O‐glucosides, emodin‐O‐glucosides, chrysophanol‐O‐glucosides, physcion‐O‐glucosides and the corresponding aglycones. Rhein also could be biotransformed by rat intestinal bacteria. Twelve major metabolites were detected in the incubation sample. Under ESI tandem mass conditions, the sequential fragmentation patterns of [M H]‐ ions were similar to those of free anthraquinones, thus allowing the rapid identification of the metabolites formed in incubation samples. The results suggested that the proposed hydrolysis of glycoside group followed by hydrogenation in quinoid moiety and/or further acetylation was the major biotransformation pathway for these anthraquinone glycosides by rat intestinal bacteria.
Determination of penciclovir in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Kanneti Ravi , Bhavesh Dasandi , Paramar Dharmesh , Shivaprakash R , Bhatt Parloop A 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA rapid, specific and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of penciclovir in human plasma. The method involved simple, one‐step SPE procedure coupled with a C18, 75 × 4.mm, 3µm column with a flow‐rate of 0.5 mL/min, and acyclovir was used as the internal standard. The Quattro Micro mass spectrometry was operated under the multiple reaction‐monitoring mode using the electrospray ionization technique. Using 250 µL plasma, the methods were validated over the concentration range 52.555–6626.181 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 52.55 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy values were found to be within the assay variability limits as per the FDA guidelines. The developed assay method was applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysfunctional beliefs in the process of change of cognitive treatment in obsessive compulsive checkers
Authors: Polman Annemiek , Bouman Theo K. , van Geert Paul L. C. , de Jong Peter J. , den Boer Johan A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is considered to be effective in the reduction of obsessive compulsive symptoms. However, questions remain as to how CBT works. Cognitive–behavioural models postulate that negative appraisals of intrusive thoughts and dysfunctional beliefs that give rise to them underlie the development and maintenance of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The current study aimed to study this hypothesis by investigating the processes of change over the course of cognitive treatment for OCD. Furthermore, a new theoretical approach and method for studying processes of change was presented. The participants were seven patients suffering from OCD with predominantly checking symptoms. Process variables (beliefs, anxiety and compulsions) were measured using idiosyncratic diaries and were analysed on an intra‐ and inter‐individual level using dynamic systems methods. Results showed significant decreases in credibility of dysfunctional beliefs in six out of the seven participants, which is in line with the cognitive–behavioural model. Associations between process variables were in general medium to high. However, the actual patterns of change showed important intra‐ and interpersonal differences. Results indicated that different paths can lead to clinical recovery, and it was concluded that process studies that focus on individual trajectories of change can contribute to our understanding of OCD and its treatment. Furthermore, dynamic systems methods provide insight into intra‐individual processes and shed a new light on variability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Changes in dysfunctional beliefs are associated with effective treatment of OCD.• Patterns of change over the course of successful treatment can vary dramatically between patients.• Optimally, process research could provide information for how to bring about change in different patients.
Generalized force vectors for multi‐mode pushover analysis
Authors: Sucuoğlu Halûk , Günay M. Selim 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA generalized pushover analysis (GPA) procedure is developed for estimating the inelastic seismic response of structures under earthquake ground excitations. The procedure comprises applying different generalized force vectors separately to the structure in an incremental form with increasing amplitude until a prescribed seismic demand is attained for each generalized force vector. A generalized force vector is expressed as a combination of modal forces, and simulates the instantaneous force distribution acting on the system when a given response parameter reaches its maximum value during dynamic response to a seismic excitation. While any response parameter can be selected arbitrarily, generalized force vectors in the presented study are derived for maximum interstory drift parameters. The maximum value of any other response parameter is then obtained from the envelope of GPAs results. Each nonlinear static analysis under a generalized force vector activates the entire multi‐degree of freedom effects simultaneously. Accordingly, inelastic actions develop in members with the contribution of all ‘instantaneous modes’ in the nonlinear response range. Target seismic demands for interstory drifts at the selected stories are calculated from the associated drift expressions. The implementation of the proposed GPA is simpler compared with nonlinear response history analysis, whereas it is less demanding in computational effort when compared with several multi‐mode adaptive nonlinear static procedures. Moreover, it does not suffer from the statistical combination of inelastic modal responses obtained separately. The results obtained from building frames have demonstrated that GPA is successful in estimating maximum member deformations and member forces with reference to the response history analysis. When the response is linear elastic, GPA and response spectrum analysis produce identical results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An open source, low cost video‐based coastal monitoring system
Authors: Nieto M. A. , Garau B. , Balle S. , Simarro G. , Zarruk G. A. , Ortiz A. , Tintoré J. , Álvarez‐Ellacuría A. , Gómez‐Pujol L. , Orfila A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA low cost, automated, remote monitoring video system built on standard commercial off‐the‐shelf (COTS) components and implemented with open source software is presented. The system has been implemented in a coastal area to perform image acquisition and processing, generating statistical products and transferring the information from the field to a central node where post‐processing and data visualization are made available to the general public. The open structure of the software allows the user to implement new routines and modules appropriate to fit specific needs as well as to adapt the system to study other dynamical processes where continuous observation is required. The software and image data base can be obtained as freeware. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tide‐modulated hyperpycnal flows off the Huanghe (Yellow River) mouth, China
Authors: Wang Houjie , Bi Naishuang , Wang Yan , Saito Yoshiki , Yang Zuosheng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFew hyperpycnal flows have ever been observed in marine environments although they are believed to play a critical role in sediment dispersal within estuarine and deltaic depositional systems. The paper describes hyperpycnal flows observed in situ off the Huanghe (Yellow River) mouth, their relationship to tidal cycles, and the mechanisms that drive them. Simultaneous observations at six mooring stations during a cruise off the Huanghe mouth in the flood season of 1995 suggest that hyperpycnal flows observed at the river mouth are initiated by high concentrations of sediment input from river and modulated by tides. Hyperpycnal flows started near the end of ebb tides, when near‐bottom suspended sediment concentration (SSC) increased rapidly and salinity decreased drastically (an inverse salt wedge). The median grain size of suspended particles within the hyperpycnal layer increased, causing strong stratification of the suspended sediments in the water column. Towards the end of flood tides, the hyperpycnal flow attenuated due to frictions at the upper and lower boundaries of the flow and tidal mixing, which collapsed the stratification of the water column. Both sediment concentration and median grain size of suspended particles within the bottom layer significantly decreased. The coarser sediment particles were deposited and the hyperpycnal flows stopped. The intra‐tidal behaviors of hyperpycnal flows are closely associated with the variations of SSC, salinity, and stratification of the water column. As nearly 90% of riverine sediment is delivered to the sea during the flood seasons when hyperpycnal flows are active, hyperpycnal flows at the Huanghe mouth and the river's high sediment loads have caused rapid accretion of the Huanghe delta. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐dimensional morphodynamic model of gravel‐bed river with floodplain vegetation
Authors: Li S. S. , Millar R. G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractArtificially straight river channels tend to be unstable, and ultimately develop into river meanders through bank erosion and point‐bar deposition. In this paper account is taken of the effects of riparian and floodplain vegetation on bank strength, floodplain flow resistance, shear stress partitioning, and bedload transport. This is incorporated into an existing 2D hydrodynamic‐morphological model. By applying the new model to an initially straight and single‐threaded channel, the way that its planform and cross‐sectional geometry evolve for different hydraulic and floodplain vegetation conditions is demonstrated. The results show the formation and upstream migration of gravel bars, confluence scouring and the development of meandering and braiding channel patterns. In cases where the channel becomes unstable, the instability grows out of bar formation. The resulting braiding patterns are similar to analytical results. The formation of a transition configuration requires a strong influence from vegetation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach to soil erosion and runoff in south Limburg—The Netherlands
Authors: Winteraeken H. J. , Spaan W. P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe southern part of the Province of Limburg in The Netherlands is a region with gentle slopes, generally covered with loess sediments. The rural areas consist partly of arable land, grasslands with forests on the steeper slopes. Winter cereals, maize, sugar beet and potatoes are the most common crops. Especially on the fields where traditional ploughing techniques are used, the loessic silty loam soil is vulnerable to relatively high runoff and soil erosion. Without taking measurements, observations suggest that regularly occurring heavy rainfall events cause muddy floods and flooding of the villages in the valleys, and climate change in the future can be assumed to produce even more erosive rainfall. In the last two decades authorities agreed that protection of urban areas against flooding should be better guaranteed, and about 350 rainwater retention basins have been constructed to prevent flooding of urban areas and other important infrastructures. The other type of control measures that could decrease the muddy flooding frequency are reviewed here. It is concluded that the construction of additional rainwater basins or the enlarging of existing basins will be less necessary if farmers change their conventional ploughing into reduced conservation tillage (or ‘non‐inversion’ tillage) in combination with mulching, since more rainwater will infiltrate into the soil and less runoff and soil erosion will take place. Since January 2009, this model is being slowly adopted, and now the general policy is to introduce conservation tillage with mulching or measures with comparable effect. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental impact of quarries on natural resources in Lebanon
Authors: Darwish T. , Khater C. , Jomaa I. , Stehouwer R. , Shaban A. , Hamzé M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractYears of unregulated mining activity have left hundreds of abandoned quarries across Lebanon. Satellite images show that the number of quarries and areas they cover increased, from 784 quarries covering 2897 ha in 1989, to 1278 quarries covering 5267 ha in 2005. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of quarrying activities on scarce Eastern Mediterranean natural resources. The assessment is based on the computation of spatial indicators such as rainfall, slope gradient, vegetation cover, soil erosion risk, and rock infiltration, using GIS to appraise critical impacts on the Lebanese ecosystem. Compared with the 1989 baseline, the area consumed by quarries in 2005 increased more than three times over former arable lands, one third for forest lands and doubled for pasture lands. Quarries additionally destroyed 676, 137, and 737 ha of productive lands, respectively. The comparison of quarry distribution with the land capability map revealed that quarries are found mainly on productive soils, consuming 1314 ha in 1989 and 2192 ha in 2005 of prime lands. A total of 87 per cent of studied quarries represent serious hazards to groundwater quality. In general, a total of 272 quarries have high impact, 657 quarries have moderate impact, and 349 quarries have low impact on natural ecosystems. Analyzed data revealed that around 62 per cent of the quarries are located in a highly unsuitable environment. This paper presents recent findings from the Eastern Mediterranean for territorial suitability assessment of quarries to be considered in the frame of natural resources and coastal ecosystems management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Farming practices and policy measures for agricultural soil conservation in semi‐arid Mediterranean areas: The case of the Guadalentín basin in southeast Spain
Authors: Calatrava J. , Barberá G. G. , Castillo V. M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to analyse the adequacy and effectiveness of farming practices and agricultural soil conservation policies in the Murcia Region sector of the Guadalentín basin in southeast Spain. This area constitutes one of the most severe cases of land degradation in Europe. The basin is representative of Spanish Mediterranean areas where the predominant semi‐arid dry‐land farming is mixed with highly profitable intensive irrigated horticulture. Based on interviews of farmers, soil experts, governmental officers and other stakeholders, we first identify the main degradation processes on agricultural soils, as well as the used and proposed soil conservation farming practices. Then we analyse the different policy options available for both irrigated and non‐irrigated agriculture and their capacity to address soil degradation in the area, making specific recommendations for their design and implementation. Our findings show that, although agricultural policies have fostered some adoption of less intensive tillage, conservation structures and water quality control, there is still plenty of room for extending these and introducing new measures, such as vegetation covers or strips, reducing fertiliser application and applying exogenous organic matter. We also conclude that some of the existing agricultural policy measures should be better adapted to regional conditions, whereas others should be further financed. Even so, their effectiveness will be limited without stricter and sustainable land use, rural development and water policies, together with education of both the population and farmers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolomic profiling with NMR discriminates between biphosphonate and doxorubicin effects on B16 melanoma cells
Authors: Triba M. N. , Starzec A. , Bouchemal N. , Guenin E. , Perret G. Y. , Le Moyec L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe metabolomic profiles of B16 melanoma cells were investigated in vitro with high resolution‐magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and OPLS multivariate statistical analyse. We compared the profiles for untreated melanoma B16‐F10 cells and Ca2+ chelating EGTA, doxorubicin or BP7033 bisphosphonate treated cells. The two last molecules are known to induce anti‐proliferative effects by different mechanisms of action in cells. Untreated and EGTA treated cells had similar profiles and were considered together as control cells. Several spectral regions could discriminate control from doxorubicin as well as BP7033 treated cells. Doxorubicin and BP7033 displayed distinct metabolic profiles. Important changes in neutral lipids and inositol were related to doxorubicin activity whereas BP7033 affected essentially phospholipids and alanine/lactate metabolism. These results provide new putative targets for both drugs. Metabolomics by NMR is shown here to be a good tool for the investigation of the mechanisms of action of drugs in pre‐clinical studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.