bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoarthritic change is delayed in a Ctsk‐knockout mouse model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Kozawa Eiji , Nishida Yoshihiro , Cheng Xian Wu , Urakawa Hiroshi , Arai Eisuke , Futamura Naohisa , Shi Guo‐Ping , Kuzuya Masafumi , Hu Lina , Sasaki Takeshi , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies have shown that cathepsin K (CTK) is overexpressed in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage and subchondral bone. However, it has not been well established whether CTK expression is harmful or beneficial. We undertook this study to investigate the direct involvement of CTK in OA development using Ctsk‐knockout (Ctsk−/−) mice in a joint instability–induced model of OA.MethodsWe analyzed the natural course of the phenotype of 25‐week‐old Ctsk−/− mice. OA development was evaluated with a modified Mankin histologic score up to 8 weeks after surgery was performed to destabilize the knee in Ctsk−/− and Ctsk+/+ mice. Histologic analysis was used to evaluate expression of CTK, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13), ADAMTS‐5, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) proteins in chondrocytes, synovial cells, and osteoclasts. Bone architecture was analyzed by histomorphometry.ResultsBone mineral content and bone volume were higher in Ctsk−/− mice at 25 weeks, whereas OA did not develop spontaneously in either Ctsk−/− or Ctsk+/+ mice. In a model of destabilization‐induced OA, OA progression was significantly delayed in Ctsk−/− mice. CTK was overexpressed in chondrocytes and synovial cells of knee joints developing OA in Ctsk+/+ mice. MMP‐13 and ADAMTS‐5 were less strongly expressed in chondrocytes of Ctsk−/− mice, and MMP‐13 was less strongly expressed in synovial cells. TRAP‐positive osteoclasts were overexpressed in Ctsk−/− mice.ConclusionThese results indicate that CTK plays crucial direct roles in the early to intermediate stage of OA development. CTK‐positive chondrocytes and synovial cells may be a possible target to prevent disease progression in OA.
Corporate Responsibility Reporting and its Determinants in Comparative Perspective – a Review of the Empirical Literature and a Meta‐analysis
Authors: Fifka Matthias S. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTFor four decades, reporting on corporate responsibility by businesses has been the subject of empirical research. In the 1970s and 1980s, studies mostly originated from Anglo‐Saxon and Western European countries. During the last two decades research on responsibility reporting was increasingly undertaken in emerging and developing countries as well – always following the reporting practices of the respective businesses. Consequentially, a very large number of studies exist today. Many of these have empirically investigated the determinants of responsibility reporting and examined whether internal factors like size and industry or external factors like stakeholder pressures have an impact on disclosure. Thus, the purpose of the following paper is twofold. First, it seeks to provide an overview of the existing literature in order to facilitate further research. Overall, 186 studies have been examined for the determinants which they considered and have been grouped according to their geographical origin. This provides for an analysis of whether academics from different regions have taken different approaches to the empirical examination of responsibility reporting and if their results differed. The findings show that scholars across regions have taken different paths in empirical research, but indications for a variation in the impact of specific determinants on reporting are weak. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Transcriptional gene silencing of kallikrein 5 and kallikrein 7 using siRNA prevents epithelial cell detachment induced by alkaline shock in an in vitro model of eczema
Authors: Britland Stephen , Hoyle Milli 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEczema is widely considered to be an exacerbation of alkaline stress to the skin. Epidermal barrier dysfunction is a feature of eczema pathology, which predisposes affected individuals to distressing morbid symptoms. At least two serine proteases, stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (kallikrein 7 [KLK7]) and stratum corneum tryptic enzyme (kallikrien 5 [KLK5]), have increased activity levels in eczematous lesions and both have been implicated in the destruction of corneodesomosomes, which are crucial to epidermal integrity. The present in vitro study investigated whether transcriptional gene silencing after siRNA transfection could influence the activity of these signature enzymes in an in vitro model of eczema induced by alkaline shock. HaCaT epithelial cells were subjected to alkaline stress by the addition of 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl guanidine “superbase” (TMG) to the culture media. The culture media were subsequently tested for chymotryspin, trypsin, plasmin, and urokinase activity using colorimetric peptide assays and for reactive oxygen species using WST1 cell viability reagent. Cells that had been transfected with small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) against KLK5 and KLK7 for 24 h before alkaline shock did not exhibit the increase in serine protease levels observed in untreated controls. Moreover, an endpoint MTT assay (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) confirmed that detachment of cells from the culture substrate observed in alkaline‐stressed cells did not occur in siRNA‐treated cells. This in vitro study has established the proof‐of‐principle that siRNA therapy appears to mitigate the consequences of alkaline shock to the serine protease‐associated fragility of epithelial cells that is characteristic of eczema. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Finite element model for nutrient distribution analysis of a hollow fiber membrane bioreactor
Authors: Unnikrishnan G. U. , Unnikrishnan V. U. , Reddy J. N. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYHollow fiber membrane bioreactors (HFMB) are extensively used for the development of tissue substitutes for bones and cartilages. In an HFMB, the nutrient transport is dependent on the material properties of the porous scaffold and fiber membrane and also on the fluid flow through the hollow fiber. The difficulty in obtaining real‐time data along with the presence of large number of variables in experimental studies have lead to increased application of computational models for the performance analysis of bioreactors. A major difficulty in the computational analysis of HFMB is the modeling of the interactions at the fluid and porous scaffold interfaces, which has often been neglected or incorporated using specific boundary conditions. In this study, a new FEM is developed to analyze the fluid flow in the fluid‐porous region with the interface coupled directly into the FEM. Distribution of nutrients in the bioreactor is studied by coupling mass transport equations to the fluid‐porous finite element framework. The new model is implemented to study the influence of permeability, cell density, and flow rate on the nutrient concentration distribution in the HFMB. The developed computational framework is an ideal tool to study fluid flow through porous‐open channels and can also be used for the design of bioreactors for optimal tissue growth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical attacks and improvements to an efficient radio frequency identification authentication protocol
Authors: Erguler Imran , Anarim Emin 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn 2008, a scalable radio frequency identification (RFID) authentication protocol was proposed by Yanfei Liu to provide security and privacy for RFID tags. This protocol only needs O(1) time complexity to find out the identifier of the RFID tag irrespective of the total number of the tags in the system. Based on our analysis, however, a security flaw, which has gone unnoticed in the design of the protocol, makes the scheme vulnerable to tracking attack, tag impersonation attack, and desynchronization attack, if the attacker has the possibility to tamper with only one RFID tag. Because low‐cost devices are not tamper‐resistant, such an attack could be feasible, and we can apply the resulting attacks on authentication, untraceability, and desynchronization resistance of the protocol. To counteract such flaws, we revise the scheme with a stateful variant and also show that the proposed model requires less tag and server‐side computation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible software architecture and language for mobile agents
Authors: Ciobanu Gabriel , Juravle Călin 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present a flexible software architecture and a language for systems of mobile agents starting from a formalism with timed interactions and explicit locations. The language supports the specification of a distributed system, that is, agents and their physical distribution, and allows a timed migration in a distributed environment. Advanced software technologies are used to define the software architecture and the agents language, facilitating also the agents development. We illustrate the system by a dynamic network discovery in which the agents take into account the latency and the CPU load when choosing where to migrate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early development influences ontogeny of personality types in young laboratory rats
Authors: Rödel Heiko G. , Meyer Susann 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFeatures of an individual's early development are frequently reported to alter the postnatal ontogeny in litter‐bearing mammals with respect to various physiological parameters. We hypothesized that such effects might also apply to the ontogeny of personality types. On the one hand, litter size effects by means of more contacts with littermates, might lead to the development of more offensive types. On the other hand, smaller and less developed young from larger litters might be less offensive due to their lower physical capabilities to deal with challenging situations. We studied these contrasting hypotheses in young rats, which we tested in a battery of emotionality tests. There were clear indications for the existence of distinct behavioral types by means of consistencies in behavioral responses within and across contexts. Based on these responses, we calculated three new variables by PCA, which we interpreted to mainly reflect boldness, exploration, and anxiety. Overall, our results strongly suggest that the early development alters the ontogeny of personality types, with heavier individuals being bolder and more explorative. Furthermore, body mass and litter size influenced the changes in the behavioral responses in successive tests, further supporting the importance of the litter size‐dependent body mass for the ontogeny of personalities. Anxiety also depended on litter size, however, in a nonlinear way. Animals born to litters of small or large sizes had higher scores, whereas individuals from medium‐sized litters were less anxious. This optimum curve indicates that opposing effects of litter size are involved in shaping personalities in young rats. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:601–613, 2011.
Cell–cell adhesion defects in Mrj mutant trophoblast cells are associated with failure to pattern the chorion during early placental development
Authors: Watson Erica D. , Hughes Martha , Simmons David G. , Natale David R.C. , Sutherland Ann E. , Cross James C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEarly placental development in mice involves patterning of the chorion into distinct layers, though little is understood regarding the interactions that regulate its organization. Here we demonstrate that keratin aggregates found in Mrj−/− chorionic trophoblast cells are associated with abnormal cell morphology, collapse of the actin cytoskeleton, E‐cadherin and β‐catenin misexpression and extracellular matrix (ECM) disorganization. Accordingly, Mrj−/− trophoblast cells in vitro are nonadherent and display erratic migratory behavior. These cells also fail to differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast cells since Rhox4b expression, a marker of syncytiotrophoblast progenitors, was maintained and Gcm1, Synb, and Syna expression failed to increase. This differentiation defect was not solely attributable to E‐cadherin misexpression or ECM disorganization. However, plating Mrj‐deficient cells on exogenous laminin‐511 normalized their cell behavior. Lastly, we show that Mrj−/− chorions at embryonic day 8.5 have expanded Rhox4b expression domains and do not form normal layers of gene expression suggesting that chorion patterning requires Mrj. Developmental Dynamics 240:2505–2519, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of runoff and soil loss from two differently sized plots in a subtropical environment (Brazil)
Authors: Thomaz Edivaldo L. , Vestena Leandro R. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTStudies of soil erosion on small plots present upscaling problems. The results in the literature on the effect of slope length (i.e. scale) on runoff and soil erosion are contradictory. Furthermore, most studies that examine scale effects measured through erosion plots have been conducted in Mediterranean environments. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of plot size on runoff and soil loss in a subtropical environment. Other measurements were taken to appraise the topsoil property changes inside the plots. The soil was ploughed twice, the surface was leveled with a hoe and it was kept bare during the experiment. Data were collected from 10 paired plots, five plots measuring 10 m × 1 m and five plots measuring 1 m × 1 m, installed in the same pedo‐geomorphologic unit. Measurements were carried out from November 2008 to November 2009. During this period, 97 natural storms were registered. The results indicate that the small plots tended to have higher runoff (30% higher) compared to larger plots, especially during periods of greater rainfall volume, duration and intensity. The soil loss was similar in both the 1 m2 plots (6·33 kg/m2) and the 10 m2 plots (6·26 kg/m2). Moreover, the dynamics of the soil loss during the experiment was relatively similar across both plot sizes. The large plots tended to have a greater internal complexity. In these plots, the steps retreat were higher, the overland flow scars were more frequent, and points of rill initiation and protochannels emerged in several parts of the plots. The results of the small plots were comparable to the results obtained on the large plots, especially in relation to soil loss. These plots were useful for short‐term assessments of soil erosion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absorption and reflection of infrared radiation by polymers in fire‐like environments
Authors: Linteris Gregory , Zammarano Mauro , Wilthan Boris , Hanssen Leonard 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn large‐scale fires, the input of energy to burning materials occurs predominantly by radiative transfer. The in‐depth (rather than just surface) absorption of radiant energy by a polymer influences its ignition time and burning rate. The present investigation examines two methods for obtaining the absorption coefficient of polymers for infrared radiation from high‐temperature sources: a broadband method and a spectral method. Data on the total average broadband transmittance for 11 thermoplastics are presented (as are reflectance data), and the absorption coefficient is found to vary with thickness. Implications for modeling of mass loss experiments are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous and discrete adjoints to the Euler equations for fluids
Authors: Alauzet F. , Pironneau O. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYAdjoints are used in optimization to speed‐up computations, simplify optimality conditions or compute sensitivities. Because time is reversed in adjoint equations with first‐order time derivatives, boundary conditions, and transmission conditions through shocks can be difficult to understand. In this article, we analyze the adjoint equations that arise in the context of compressible flows governed by the Euler equations of fluid dynamics. We show that the continuous and discrete adjoints computed by automatic differentiation agree numerically; in particular, the adjoint is found to be continuous at the shocks and usually discontinuous at contact discontinuities by both.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Squamous epithelial changes of the larynx: Diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Ferlito Alfio , Devaney Kenneth O. , Woolgar Julia A. , Slootweg Pieter J. , Paleri Vinidh , Takes Robert P. , Strojan Primož , Bradley Patrick J. , Rinaldo Alessandra 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIt can be confusing for clinicians to work their way through the tangle of pathologic terms used in surgical pathology reports to describe squamous abnormalities in laryngeal biopsies. After a brief review of the normal microscopic anatomy of the larynx and time‐honored clinical designations for surface‐based abnormalities, this report sorts pathologic changes into 2 groups: those changes that do not carry a premalignant potential (including squamous metaplasia, squamous hyperplasia, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, keratosis, and parakeratosis) and those that do (including dyskeratosis, laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia [LIN], atypia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ). Generally, lesions in the first group do not require additional therapy or close follow‐up; lesions in the second group, however, demand either some form of local therapy or close follow‐up to monitor for the development of a more aggressive pathology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Pyridostigmine bromide protection against acetylcholinesterase inhibition by pesticides
Authors: Henderson John D. , Glucksman Gabriela , Leong Bryan , Tigyi Andras , Ankirskaia Anna , Siddique Imteaz , Lam Helen , DePeters Ed , Wilson Barry W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPyridostigmine bromide (PB) has been used to protect soldiers from the toxic effects of soman, a chemical warfare agent. Recent research shows that pyridostigmine bromide protects a significant percentage of acetylcholinesterase in isolated human intercostal muscle. Findings presented here indicate that red blood cell acetylcholinesterase is similarly protected by pyridostigmine bromide from the action of diisopropyl fluorophosphate and several organophosphate pesticides including chlorpyrifos‐oxon, diazinon‐oxon, and paraoxon, but not malaoxon, using the bovine red blood cell as a subject. These findings suggest that pretreatment with PB may protect growers, farmworkers, first responders, and the public, in general, from the effects of selected pesticides. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:31–34, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.20410
Failures in interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT): factors related to treatment resistances
Authors: Ravitz Paula , McBride Carolina , Maunder Robert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInterpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an effective treatment for depression across the lifespan and across cultures. However, even when delivered with fidelity, some patients drop out and others do not improve sufficiently. Attention to IPT treatment attrition, dropout, nonresponse, or failure can elucidate its limitations and the opportunities to improve its effectiveness. Studies of factors known to moderate and negatively predict IPT depression treatment response are reviewed along with recommended modifications to improve outcomes. Although the risk of treatment failure always exists, it is possible to enhance treatment effectiveness by attending to the therapeutic alliance, strategically addressing depression, and adapting IPT to patient characteristics. These include adding pharmacotherapy, extending the course of treatment, and targeting specific symptoms or interpersonal vulnerabilities. Case examples illustrate several of these points. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 67:1–11, 2011.
Quantitative and sensitive detection of SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein using quantum dots‐conjugated RNA aptamer on chip
Authors: Roh Changhyun , Jo Sung Kee 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Globally, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) is a newly emerging virus that causes SARS with high mortality rate in infected people. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) is an important antigen for the early diagnosis of SARS and the detection of diseases. Here, a new quantum dots (QDs)‐conjugated RNA aptamer with high sensitivity and rapidity is proposed for the detection of SARS‐CoV N protein using an on chip system.RESULTS: A QDs‐conjugated RNA aptamer can specifically hybridize on the immobilized SARS‐CoV N protein on the surface of a glass chip. Detection is based on the optical signal variation of a QDs‐supported RNA aptamer interacting on an immobilized protein chip. Using an optical QDs‐based RNA aptamer chip, SARS N protein was detected at concentrations as low as 0.1 pg mL−1.CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that the QDs‐conjugated RNA aptamer could interact on a designed chip specifically and sensitively. This device could form a QDs‐conjugated biosensor prototype chip for SARS‐CoV N protein diagnosis. The proposed visual SARS‐CoV N protein detection technique may avoid the limitations of other reported methods because of its high sensitivity, good specificity, ease of use, and the ability to perform one‐spot monitoring. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of moisture content on the specific methanogenic activity of dry mesophilic municipal solid waste digestate
Authors: Le Hyaric Ronan , Benbelkacem Hassen , Bollon Julien , Bayard Rémy , Escudié Renaud , Buffière Pierre 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of moisture content on the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of a fresh dry mesophilic digestate from a municipal solid waste digester plant. For this purpose, SMA tests were performed under mesophilic conditions in 500 mL glass bottles of volume used as batch reactors, during a period of 20–25 days. Cellulose, propionate and acetate were used as substrates (5 gCOD kg−1 digestate) at four different moisture contents, ranging from 65 to 82%. The moisture content strongly influenced the specific methanogenic activity. The highest SMA values were observed at a moisture content of 82% (11.1, 7.8 and 6.0 mgCOD gVS−1 d−1 for cellulose, propionate and acetate spikes, respectively). SMA and moisture content were found to be linearly linked. Dry digestion at low water content is thus detrimental to the biological activity, probably due to physical limitations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Current strategies and challenges for the purification of stem cells
Authors: González‐González Mirna , Vázquez‐Villegas Patricia , García‐Salinas Carolina , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDuring the past decade, stem cell transplant has emerged as a novel therapeutic alternative for several diseases. If therapies are to be implemented in clinical settings, efficient scale‐up of stem cells isolation methodologies would be crucial. A brief, process‐oriented overview of the current most widely used technologies for stem cells separation is presented. This review classifies available methods into three broad categories: (1) isopycnic centrifugation, including density gradient and cell culture; (2) immunochemical, employing immune labeling; and (3) novel, tagless procedures. These groups are further subdivided into more specific techniques, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Particular cases in each category were selected to further compare the purification parameters of recovery, cell viability, purity, process time, and throughput. A particular focus on process scale‐up feasibility and the challenges of this rapidly emerging field are stated. Lastly, likely directions are suggested for the development of new proposals which will make stem cells purification more advantageous and viable for clinical use. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry