bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrocephalus associated with vestibular schwannomas: management options and factors predicting the outcome
Authors: Gerganov Venelin M. , Pirayesh Ariyan , Nouri Mohsen , Hore Nirjhar , Luedemann Wolf O. , Oi Shizuo , Samii Amir , Samii Madjid 
Published: December 2010

Object
The current, generally accepted optimal management for hydrocephalus related to vestibular schwannomas (VSs) is primary tumor removal, with further treatment reserved only for patients who remain symptomatic. Previous studies have shown, however, that this management can lead to an increase in surgery-related complications. In this study, the authors evaluated their experience with the treatment of such patients, with the aim of identifying the following: 1) the parameters correlating to the need for specific hydrocephalus treatment following VS surgery; and 2) patients at risk for developing hydrocephalus-related complications.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of a 400-patient series. The complication rates and outcomes following primary hydrocephalus treatment versus primary VS removal were compared. Patients undergoing primary tumor removal were further subdivided on the basis of the need for subsequent hydrocephalus treatment. The 3 categories of parameters tested for correlation with the need for such subsequent treatment as well as with heightened risk for developing complications were patient-, tumor-, and hydrocephalus-related.

Results
Of the entire series, 53 patients presented with hydrocephalus. Forty-eight of 53 patients underwent primary VS surgery, of whom 42 (87.5%) did not require additional hydrocephalus treatment. Of the 6 patients who did require additional hydrocephalus treatment, only 3 ultimately required a VP shunt. Factors correlating to the need of hydrocephalus treatment after VS removal were large tumor size, irregular tumor surface, and severe preoperative hydrocephalus. Patients with a longer symptom duration prior to surgery, those with polycyclic tumors, or with inhomogeneous VS, were at heightened risk for the development of CSF leaks. The general and functional outcome of surgery showed no correlation to the presence of preoperative hydrocephalus.

Conclusions
Primary tumor removal is the optimum management of disease in patients with VS with associated hydrocephalus; it leads to resolution of the hydrocephalus in the majority of cases, and the outcome is similar to that of patients without hydrocephalus. Certain factors may aid in identifying patients at risk for developing persistent hydrocephalus as well as those at risk for CSF leaks.
The Glacial Drifts of the Leinster Mountains
Authors: Farrington A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFive glacial phases are recognized in the area described. Two of these are represented by the deposits of ice-sheets from the north-east and north-west respectively; the other three were of local origin. The materials composing the drifts differ sufficiently to enable the stratigraphy to be seen clearly. This shows that the local ice caps alternated with the invading ice sheets—which brings out a point of considerable climatological interest in that it is clear that the local ice advanced not simultaneously with the invading ice sheets but alternated with them. The order in which the five phases occurred is well established, but the importance of the intervals between the phases is at present uncertain.
II. Temperature Measurements in Polar Ice
Authors: Court Arnold 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAccurate measurements by electrical means of temperatures at various levels in shelf ice, glaciers or ice caps are of themselves insufficient; they must be accompanied by data on densities at the same levels and on incoming and outgoing radiation, as well as other things. Depths of measurements must be known accurately, and changes in them due to changes in surface level must be recorded. Levels chosen should be , 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 m., and readings (if repeated to ensure accuracy) need be taken only once daily down to 4 m. and weekly or so at lower levels. Measurements should be free of external influences such as heat from buildings or deep drifts. Only when all other necessary data are available and all precautions observed will it be possible to explain the thermal structure of the ice sheet as shown by the sub-surface measurements of temperature.
The Problem of Short period measurements of Snow Ablation
Authors: Hurley Richard C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA simple equation is developed for ablation in a snow cover on the basis of the principle of conservation of mass. Sinking of the snow surface as measured with ablation stakes or ablatographs is commonly accepted as a measure of ablation. In so doing, a principal term associated with density changes in the snow with time in the above-mentioned equation is neglected. In a few investigations, ablation was determined from sinking of the snow surface alone, and also by other methods. These investigations demonstrated errors in the calculated ablation values resulting from neglect of density changes in the order of 15–20 per cent for long observation periods, and as great as 65 per cent for short observation periods. The terms are also discussed which must be measured to determine short period values of melting and evaporation of the snow for analyses of the heat exchange at a snow surface.
Measurements of Diurnal Variations in Snow Albedo on Lemon Creek Glacier, Alaska
Authors: Hubley Richard C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo Eppley pyrheliometers were used to measure incoming and reflected sun and sky radiation over a saturated, melting snowpack. Albedo values computed from these measurements varied strongly, not only with snow surface conditions, but also diurnally with the angle of the sun, and from clear to cloudy skies. On clear days minimum albedo in the afternoon was approximately 35 per cent less than the maximum in early morning; a secondary maximum occurred at sunset. Also, midday albedos were higher under cloudy skies than under clear skies. These variations appear to relate primarily to changes in angle of incident radiation, and secondarily to changes in the physical structure of the snow surface. Spectral changes in incident radiation are also a possible factor.
Kaolin Model Glaciers
Authors: Lewis W. V. , Miller Maynard M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA mixture of approximately one part of water to two parts of kaolin (china clay) has proved suitable for making model glaciers on scales between 1 : 1000 and 1 : 10,000. The kaolin “glaciers” crevasse and flow realistically, and slide on their beds. They serve well for qualitative demonstrations, and some simple preliminary quantitative experiments suggest that they may also be useful for this purpose.
Instruments and Methods: A Shear-creep System for Studying Grain-boundary Behaviour in Ice
Authors: Ignat M. , Ricou G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present here a shear-creep apparatus. This has been designed to study grain-boundary behaviour in ice bi-crystals. The design and dimensions of this apparatus were determined by taking into account the results of earlier tests, performed on the same types of sample. Improvement with the new device is obtained; it allows a displacement with two degrees of freedom in the grain-boundary plane, and direct observations of micro-structural changes during the test.
Water-Pressure Coupling of Sliding and Bed Deformation: I. Water System
Authors: Alley R.B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAnalysis of the likely behavior of a water system developed between ice and an unconsolidated glacier bed suggests that, in the absence of channelized sources of melt water, the system will approximate a film of varying thickness. The effective pressure in such a film will be proportional to the basal shear stress but inversely proportional to the fraction of the bed occupied by the film. These hypotheses allow calculation of the sliding and bed-deformation velocities of a glacier from the water supply and basal shear stress, as discussed in the second and third papers in this series.
Force Budget: III. Application to Three-dimensional Flow of Byrd Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Whillans I.M. , Chen Y.H. , Van Der Veen C.J. , Hughes T.J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStresses at the surface and at depth are calculated for a stretch of Byrd Glacier, Antarctica. The calculations are based on photogrammetrically determined velocities and elevations, and on radio-echo-determined ice thicknesses. The results are maps of drags from each valley wall, of normal forces laterally and longitudinally, and of basal drag. Special challenges in the calculation are the numerical gridding of velocity, ensuring that unreasonable short-wavelength features do not develop in the calculation, and inference of ice thickness where there are no data.The results show important variations in basal drag. For the floating part, basal drag is near zero, as expected. Within the grounded part, longitudinal components of basal drag are very variable, reaching 300 kPa with a dominant wavelength of 13 km. Generally, these drag maxima correlate with maxima in driving stress. Usually the across-glacier component of basal drag is small. An important exception occurs in the center of the grounded part of the glacier where the flow shows major deviations from the axis of the valley.Other results are that side drag is roughly constant at 250 kPa along both margins of the glacier, tension from the ice shelf is about 100 kPa, and tension in the grounded part cycles between 250 and 150 kPa. Calculated deep velocities are too large and this is attributed to deficiencies in the conventional isotropic flow law used.
Ice-marginal Depositional Processes In A Polar Maritime Environment, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica
Authors: Fitzsimons Sean J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the processes of ice-marginal sedimentation in Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. Most debris is released from the ice when basal and englacial debris bands become warped and reach the surface of the glacier and where the debris bands are exposed by ablation of the ice surface. Once released, the debris is redistributed in the ice-marginal area by depositional processes that are controlled by the availability of water. During the short summer, melt water from snow and ice saturates the newly released debris and causes sediment flows and other mass-movement deposits. Melt-out and sublimation tills form after the layer of debris on the moraines is consolidated and melting rates decrease. When the thickness of deposits on the surface of ice-cored moraines reaches or exceeds the depth of summer thawing, the ice core no longer melts and the moraines become semi-permanent features. The sediments and land forms of the ice-marginal area closely resemble those formed by sub-polar glaciers with a complex thermal regime and are unlike those that form at the margins of dry-based polar glaciers. Although glacier thermal regime is understood to be a major control on debris dispersal and processes of glacial sedimentation, the evidence from Vestfold Hills suggests that the primary control is the climate of the glacier terminus area.
Correction Of Air-content Measurements In Polar Ice For The Effect Of Cut Bubbles At The Surface Of The Sample
Authors: Martinerie P. , Lipenkov V.Ya. , Raynaud D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAir content (V) of polar ice has been used as an indicator of the past elevation of the ice sheets. A calculation is presented to correct V measurements performed on ice samples for the effect of cut bubbles at their surface. The results indicate a correction ranging from 1 to 10% for cubic ice samples with about 3 cm length. The correction depends mainly on the size of the bubbles. The theoretical calculation is experimentally verified. The statistical noise linked with the presence of a finite number of bubbles in the ice samples is evaluated. The influence of such a correction on the V profiles measured on polar ice cores is discussed. The method in this paper can also be used for correction of ice-density data obtained by the hydrostatic method.
Thermal Expansion Coefficients For Sea Ice
Authors: Johnson Jerome Β. , Metzner Ronald C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCoefficients of thermal linear expansion were determined for sea ice using a Michelson interferometer. Over a temperature range of −4 °to −15 °C, the coefficients varied from 45 ×10−6 to 54×10−6 °C−1 for ice with a salinity of 2 ppt, and from 33 ×10−6 to 53 ×10−6 °C−1 for ice with a salinity of 4 ppt. Initially, warming the sea ice resulted in coefficients that were the same as those for fresh-water ice, within the limits of experimental error. Subsequent sea-ice cooling resulted in coefficients that were initially lower than those for fresh-water ice, but that asymptotically approached the coefficient values for fresh-water ice at colder temperatures. On the second warming and cooling cycle, the coefficients of thermal linear expansion exhibited hysteresis and a decrease in magnitudes. We have also shown that Pettersson’s (1883) and Malmgren’s (1927) measurements of the thermal volume expansion of sea ice were the result of phase transitions that caused brine expulsion, when air-free sea ice was cooled, and internal porosity increases, when sea ice was warmed.Our results indicate that Petterson’s (1883) and Malmgren’s (1927) measurements of the thermal volume expansion of sea ice are in error. Consequently, theoretical descriptions based on their results are incorrect (Anderson, 1960; Zubov and Savelyev (given in Doronin and Kheisin (1977)); Doronin and Kheisin, 1977). Our results for the initial sea-ice warming cycle do agree with Cox’s (1983) analysis.
Anna Barbara van Meerten-Schilperoort (1778-1853) : Feminist Pioneer ?
Authors: Van Essen Mineke 
Published: December 2010

Grâce à ses activités pédagogiques, littéraires, journalistiques et philanthropiques, Anna Barbara Van Meerten-Schilperoort (1778-1853) fut l'une des femmes néerlandaises les plus productives de son époque. Ses publications et l'exemple de sa propre vie offrirent aux femmes bourgeoises de la première moitié du XIXe siècle un nouvel idéal de féminité caractérisé notamment par des notions d'éducation, de patriotisme et de philanthropie. En prenant l'initiative des associations de femmes à caractère social, elle fut l'une des pionnières du mouvement des femmes aux Pays-Bas.
La question centrale de cet article est de savoir si elle fut également une féministe au sens où on l'entendait à la fin du XIXe siècle. La réponse à cette question est principalement négative. La hiérarchie masculine/féminine de l'époque ne fut pas menacée par Anna Barbara Van Meerten-Schilperoort. Elle ne prônait pas les vertus de l'égalité des droits, bien au contraire, elle insistait sur la subordination de la femme à l'homme. Son image de la femme correspondait ainsi aux conceptions dominantes de l'époque ; en conséquence, ses contemporains du sexe masculin réagirent de façon positive à ses activités publiques et la laissèrent participer à leurs réseaux pédagogiques, même si elle devait toujours rester une profane à leurs yeux. Une lecture attentive de sa biographie permet cependant de mettre en évidence quelques traces de féminisme sous les traits de l'ambition, de l'indépendance et de la volonté de faire carrière. Un projet réalisé en 1816 pour une école normale primaire pour institutrices - dont l'existence ne fut découverte que récemment - montre en outre une attitude ambivalente relativement aux différences entre les sexes. Malgré sa foi totale en le fait que les hommes et les femmes sont différents, et que chacun doit apporter sa propre collaboration à la société, elle préconise dans ce document une éducation égale pour tous.
Carcinogenic Habits of Tribals is It Inherited or Acquired, which Causes Oral Cavity Cancer: A Survey Report from Upper Northern Tribal Area of Andhra Pradesh (India)
Authors: Ramachandra Naik Balachandra 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Khammam is the district of tribals in the Andhra Pradesh (India). Recently, we have conducted a study on oral cavity cancer in this tribal area and found that the incidence of oral cancer was 13.04%, male to female ratio was 1.03 : 1 and the incidence of oral cancer in youths (between 21 and 30 years) was 4.85%, which was too much compared with the global previous studies.
So, we decided to find the cause for the high incidences of oral cavity cancer among the youths, by conducting survey and by direct interviewing the youths at their villages and at their towns separately for the comparison between both locality youths. Also we undertook clinical examination of their oral cavity to find the presence of any pathological lesions. We prepared the proformas well in advance containing various parameters which cause oral cavity cancer and conducted mass interview of 3,000 youths both at rural and urban places separately. Master chart of both places was prepared and compared the differences between these two localities, to find the cause for increase in incidences oral cavity cancer. In rural area, out of 3,000 youths, 2,907 (96.9%) (including 1,605 male and 1,302 females) had various combination of habits whereas, in urban area, among 3,000 male youths, only 953 (31.76%) had various combination of habits. Illiteracy status in rural area was 77.56% and in the urban area, it is 13.23%. Among the youths having habits, various types of chewing habits in rural area were seen in 2,722 (93.69%) youths. In urban area, it was seen in 934 (98%). Among all 3,000 youths of each locality, oral cavity hygiene was unhygienic in 2,387 (79.56%) youths of the rural area whereas, in the urban area it is seen in 1109 (36.96%). Premalignant changes were seen 21 rural youths, but not in urban residents.
Education has vital role in rural area to control the chewing habits, for which media role and legislative act to ban the tobacco chewing should be mandatory to reduce the incidence of oral cavity cancer among the youths of tribal villages.
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas: A Rare Differential
Authors: Krishnamurthy Arvind , Srinivas Satish K , Vasanthan A , Divyaambica CV , Sathasiva Subramanium S , Majhi U , Krishnakumar R 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a condition characterized by periosteal reaction of tubular long bones and characteristic bulbous deformity of the digital tips with synovial effusion. It is usually encountered in conjunction with diseases involving the lungs, mediastinum, heart, pleura and gastrointestinal tract. The occurrence of HOA as a paraneoplastic manifestation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare and only a handful of cases have been reported in literature and that too in the pediatric age group. An association with pulmonary metastasis was often described in these case reports. We present a case of HOA associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a 20 years old gentleman in the absence of pulmonary metastasis.
Laser Resection of Subglottic Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Kumar R , Nair D , Pai P , Chaturvedi P 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTumors arising from the minor salivary glands in the larynx are rare. The most common tumors occurring here are adenoid cystic carcinomas.1 Among the benign tumors, pleomorphic adenoma is the most common.1 We present a case of subglottic pleomorphic adenoma which was managed by endolaryngeal endoscopic CO2laser surgery. Laser as a primary treatment modality for the treatment of subglottic pleomorphic adenomas has not been well-described, as only one case has been reported in literature using this modality.
Pterygoid Muscle Transposition for Reconstruction of Small Posterior Defect Along with Primary Closure Following Surgery for Oral Cancers: A Novel Technique
Authors: Lerra Sandeep 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA novel method for the primary reconstruction of the defect in the posterior oral cavity following excision of retromolar trigone (RMT) is described. It uses a combination of lateral pterygoid flap along with primary closure of the residual floor of mouth mucosa and buccal mucosa for primary repair of the defect.This is a functionally satisfactory and simple reconstructive procedure with a shorter operation time and hence can be used for reconstruction in high-risk patients. To the best of our knowledge, this technique of primary repair of posterior oral cavity has not been described in literature.
Setting Up the JBrowse Genome Browser
Authors: Skinner Mitchell E. , Holmes Ian H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractJBrowse is a Web‐based tool for visualizing genomic data. Unlike most other Web‐base genome browsers, JBrowse exploits the capabilities of the user's Web browser to make scrolling and zooming fast and smooth. It supports the browsers used by almost all Internet users, and is relatively simple to install. JBrowse can utilize multiple types of data in a variety of common genomic data formats, including genomic feature data in bioperl databases, GFF files, BED files, and quantitative data in wiggle files. This unit describes how to obtain the JBrowse software, set it up on a Linux or Mac OS X computer running as a Web server, and incorporate genome annotation data from multiple sources into JBrowse. After completing the protocols described in this unit, the reader will have a Web site that other users can visit to browse the genomic data. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 32:9.13.1‐9.13.13. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
RNA‐Seq Read Alignments with PALMapper
Authors: Jean Géraldine , Kahles André , Sreedharan Vipin T. , Bona Fabio De , Rätsch Gunnar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized genome and transcriptome sequencing. RNA‐Seq experiments are able to generate huge amounts of transcriptome sequence reads at a fraction of the cost of Sanger sequencing. Reads produced by these technologies are relatively short and error prone. To utilize such reads for transcriptome reconstruction and gene‐structure identification, one needs to be able to accurately align the sequence reads over intron boundaries. In this unit, we describe PALMapper, a fast and easy‐to‐use tool that is designed to accurately compute both unspliced and spliced alignments for millions of RNA‐Seq reads. It combines the efficient read mapper GenomeMapper with the spliced aligner QPALMA, which exploits read‐quality information and predictions of splice sites to improve the alignment accuracy. The PALMapper package is available as a command‐line tool running on Unix or Mac OS X systems or through a Web interface based on Galaxy tools.Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 32:11.6.1‐11.6.37. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Supported Membrane Formation, Characterization, Functionalization, and Patterning for Application in Biological Science and Technology
Authors: Lin Wan‐Chen , Yu Cheng‐Han , Triffo Sara , Groves Jay T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSupported membranes, formed as a single continuous lipid bilayer on a solid substrate, such as silica, have been used extensively as a model for protein‐protein and cell‐cell interaction, to study the molecular interactions at interfaces and the heterogeneities of plasma membranes. The advantages of a supported membrane system include the ability to control membrane composition and the compatibility it has with various surface‐sensitive microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Recent advances in micro‐ and nanotechnology have greatly extended the use of supported membranes to address key questions in cell biology. Although supported membranes can be easily made by vesicle fusion, the samples need careful preparation for this process to be efficient. The protocols in this unit comprehensively describe procedures to prepare, functionalize, and characterize supported membranes. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 2:235‐269 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.