bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Shelton Christopher T. , Gibbons Brady J. 
Published: September 2011

It is well known that the piezoelectric properties of a thin film can be influenced by crystallographic texture. At the extreme case, epitaxial thin films can be deposited on single crystal substrates (with appropriate lattice matching) to effectively achieve a single crystal thin film. Here, the maximum advantage of orientation dependence is found. Typically this has required small, expensive single crystalline substrates. In the past 10 years, however, the technique of ion beam assisted deposition has been developed for applying a biaxially textured template to an arbitrary smooth surface. This has opened up a new realm of materials integration possibilities, with the prime example being high‐temperature superconducting wires. Here, the same template is utilized for deposition of epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films onto LaNiO3 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3‐coated flexible substrates. Chemical solution deposition (CSD) is used to produce PZT thin films with very high (00l) orientation and excellent in‐plane orientation. Macroscopic ferroelectric measurements depict very square hysteresis behavior, with high remnant polarization of ~40 μC/cm2. Piezoresponse force microscopy and local hysteresis measurements were used to image the microscopic domain structure and to demonstrate the piezoelectric behavior in these materials.
Luminescent Properties of the Multicolor Afterglow Phosphors Ca3SnSi2O9:Re3+ (Re = Pr, Tb, Sm)
Authors: Xu Xuhui , Wang Yuhua , Zeng Wei , Gong Yu , Liu Bitao 
Published: September 2011

Without doping any rare‐earth ions, Ca3SnSi2O9 emits blue light and exhibits weak long‐lasting phosphorescence. By selecting appropriate rare‐earth ions doped into the host, multicolor phosphorescence can be obtained from Ca3SnSi2O9:Re3+ (Re = Pr, Tb, Sm) after excitation at 316 nm, which is due to the persistent energy transfer between the host and rare‐earth ions. The thermoluminescence results indicate that the introduction of Re3+ (Re = Pr, Tb, Sm) produces more suitable traps () depth at 360 K, which make an important contribution to the more excellent long persistent luminescence phenomena.
Early Christian Worship and the Historical Argument for Jesus’ Resurrection
Authors: Siniscalchi Glenn 
Published: September 2011

AbstractApologists such as N.T. Wright, Gerald O’Collins, Richard Swinburne, William Lane Craig, and Gary Habermas have appealed to the post-mortem appearances, the empty tomb, and the origin of the disciples’ belief in the resurrection to lend credibility to Jesus’ resurrection. The earliest and most pertinent evidence concerning the earliest church's worship and devotional life has not been utilized to defend the resurrection (or to defend the historicity of the evidence itself).On the other hand, scholars of early worship such as Richard Bauckham, Larry Hurtado, and James Dunn have not seen their work as having apologetic import. This essay seeks to bridge the gap between these research paradigms and show that they can only complement each other for the better, especially for the sake of apologetic purposes.
The Kingdom has been Digitized: Electronic Editions of Renaissance Drama and the Long Shadows of Shakespeare and Print
Authors: Hirsch Brett D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article considers the challenges and opportunities associated with the production and reception of electronic editions of Renaissance drama. Chief amongst these challenges are the long shadows cast by the cultural, scholarly, and economic investments in Shakespeare, and the institutions, conventions, and scholarly status of print publishing. This article argues that electronic editions force us to rethink existing publishing models and notions of scholarship, to recognize that digitizing primary materials alone is no substitute for critical editions, and to acknowledge that, despite the challenges associated with them, electronic editions will play a far greater role in expanding the canon of Renaissance drama as taught, studied, and performed than their print counterparts.
Detection of visible light from the darkest world
Authors: Kipping David M. , Spiegel David S. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
We present the detection of visible light from the planet TrES-2b, the darkest exoplanet currently known. By analysis of the orbital photometry from publicly available Kepler data (0.4–0.9 µm), we determine a day—night contrast amplitude of 6.5 ± 1.9 ppm (parts per million), constituting the lowest amplitude orbital phase variation discovered. The signal is detected to 3.7σ confidence and persists in six different methods of modelling the data and thus appears robust. In contrast, we are unable to detect ellipsoidal variations or beaming effects, but we do provide confidence intervals for these terms. If the day—night contrast is interpreted as being due to scattering, it corresponds to a geometric albedo of Ag= 0.0253 ± 0.0072. However, our models indicate that there is a significant emission component to dayside brightness, and the true albedo is even lower (&lt;1 per cent). By combining our measurement with Spitzer and ground-based data, we show that a model with moderate redistribution (Pn≃ 0.3) and moderate extra optical opacity (κ′≃ 0.3–0.4) provide a compatible explanation to the data.
Keswick and the East African Revival: An Historiographical Reappraisal
Authors: Bruner Jason 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe history of the East African Revival has been understood predominantly from the perspective of British missionaries who were associated with the movement in the 1930s and 1940s. The most enduring of these narratives defined the revival by its relation to the English Keswick‐influenced evangelicalism of the Western missionaries associated with the revival. This bias can be observed not only in the basic narrative of the revival, but also in the missionaries’ definition of ‘revival’, which served to exclude from considerations related groups that did not meet the missionaries’ standards. Subsequent historians and anthropologists have largely followed the lead of these initial missionary reporters of the revival. This has resulted in a historiography that conceives the movement primarily in its relationship to European missionaries in general and conservative British evangelicalism in particular. Consequently, significant dimensions of the revival’s impact upon late colonial East Africa have been neglected, such as the movement’s relationship to pre‐Christian African religions, late colonial politics, African‐language literature and literacy, and other contemporary movements of spiritual renewal. Investigation into such topics is only beginning to emerge with regard to the revival movement. What these varied studies indicate is that the history of the revival is best understood not in its relation to English evangelicalism, but rather as a Christian movement that was shaped by African hands, infused with African life, and carried with an African beat. It is, after all, an African story.
Salvation and the ‘Other’ in Islamic Thought: The Contemporary Pluralism Debate (in English)
Authors: Hassan Khalil Mohammad 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn recent decades, certain prominent Muslim academics have produced works written in English that portray Islam as a pluralistic faith, specifically one that affirms the salvific efficacy of other religious traditions. These advocates of Islamic pluralism hold that even a non‐Muslim who has a deep understanding of Islamic revelation yet chooses to remain as an ‘Other’ may attain salvation and dwell in Paradise. Although these scholars tend to reference similar passages of the Quran in making their case for religious ecumenism and against exclusivism, their approaches and assumptions tend to vary significantly. Whatever one makes of their diverse arguments, they are unlikely to attract a significant following among traditionally trained Muslim theologians in the near future. Nevertheless, the debate that the contemporary pluralist discourse has generated involves important discussions, pertinent not just to scholars of Islamic thought, but also to participants in interfaith and interreligious dialog.
Minority Influence
Authors: Gardikiotis Antonis 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe present paper reviews social psychological research on minority influence. Minorities by proposing alternative and original ideas are often an agent of innovation and social change for societies. They create social conflict by proposing alternative propositions to the established societal perceptions. Minorities are, usually, numerically small groups that question social norms. Minorities influence people’s thinking, attitudes, and behavior by being consistent and flexible in their negotiation with majority members. Their influence is more often latent (i.e., evident on delayed, indirect, and private measures) than manifest. They affect the amount, and the quality, of cognitive processing of their messages (triggered by the different elaboration demands of the influence situation). Minority influence interacts with various situational factors such as social identity (in‐group or out‐group) and the task employed (e.g., objective or opinion) leading to different kinds of influence outcomes.
Nonspecific PCR amplification by high‐fidelity polymerases: implications for next‐generation sequencing of AFLP markers
Authors: BRELSFORD ALAN , COLLIN HÉLÈNE , PERRIN NICOLAS , FUMAGALLI LUCA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHigh‐fidelity ‘proofreading’ polymerases are often used in library construction for next‐generation sequencing projects, in an effort to minimize errors in the resulting sequence data. The increased template fidelity of these polymerases can come at the cost of reduced template specificity, and library preparation methods based on the AFLP technique may be particularly susceptible. Here, we compare AFLP profiles generated with standard Taq and two versions of a high‐fidelity polymerase. We find that Taq produces fewer and brighter peaks than high‐fidelity polymerase, suggesting that Taq performs better at selectively amplifying templates that exactly match the primer sequences. Because the higher accuracy of proofreading polymerases remains important for sequencing applications, we suggest that it may be more effective to use alternative library preparation methods.
Hematologic and serum biochemical reference values for the wild Spectacled Caiman, Caiman crocodilus crocodilus, from the Venezuelan plains
Authors: Rossini Mario , García Gisela , Rojas Jesús , Zerpa Hector 
Published: September 2011

Background: Commercial farming of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus has had an impact on the use of this species for meat consumption and the leather industry. Spectacled Caimans comprise part of the South American plains biodiversity. Misinterpretation of laboratory data is a risk owing to the limited hematologic and serum biochemical values available for this species.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine hematologic and serum biochemical values for wild Spectacled Caimans from the Venezuelan plains.Methods: Blood samples were collected form the caudal tail vein of 100 Spectacled Caimans (40 males and 60 females) from the plains located in the State of Apure. Values for RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, WBC absolute and differential counts, and thrombocyte counts were obtained using manual methods, and RBC indices were calculated. Serum biochemical analysis included measurement of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase activities and concentrations of total protein and albumin. Comparisons between sexes were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test.Results: Reference values for wild Spectacled Caimans were determined. Minor differences in hematologic values, particularly for RBC counts, were found compared with previously published values for this species. Serum biochemical values were similar to those available for other crocodilians. There were no significant differences between males and females.Conclusions: Minor differences between the values obtained for wild Spectacled Caimans and those previously published for this species may be related to differences in methodology and environmental conditions. Availability of hematologic and serum biochemical reference values will be useful for accurate diagnosis and management of disease in this species.
EMPATHY, JUSTICE, AND JURISPRUDENCE
Authors: DEIGH JOHN 
Published: September 2011

abstractThis paper uses a study of the opinions in a case recently decided by the U.S. Supreme Court, Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., to explain the role of empathy in legal interpretation. I argue for two theses: (1) that empathy is essential to an interpretation of law if that interpretation is to serve the interests of justice and (2) that no interpretation of a law is sound if it ignores whether so interpreting the law serves the interests of justice.
SELF‐DECEPTION ABOUT EMOTION
Authors: DAMM LISA 
Published: September 2011

abstractIn this paper, I address an ignored topic in the literature on self‐deception—instances in which one is self‐deceived about their emotions. Most discussions of emotion and self‐deception address either the contributory role of emotion to instances of self‐deception involving beliefs or assume what I argue is an outdated view of emotion according to which emotions just are beliefs or some other type of propositional attitude. In order to construct an account of self‐deception about emotion, I draw a distinction between two variants of self‐deception about emotion: cognitively motivated self‐deception and phenomenologically motivated self‐deception. After providing an account of each variant, I discuss the importance of the role that perception plays in cases of self‐deception about emotion. I conclude with a comment on the relevance of this discussion for contemporary debates in moral theory.
A Formalization of Functions as Operations on Flows
Authors: Borgo Stefano , Carrara Massimiliano , Garbacz Pawel , Vermaas Pieter E. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper presents a formalization of the notion of function as operation on flows as advanced in the Functional Basis approach of Stone and Wood. We first analyze the modeling of functions in this approach and identify the notions that are ontological significant for their formalization within the foundational ontology DOLCE. Then, we build the logical system in which this engineering notion of function is formally translated and connected to the ontology. Furthermore, we posit a number of constraints for a correct interpretation of the formal system and also provide a web ontology language version. We conclude with an assessment of our results and a discussion of our larger project aimed at analysing functional descriptions of technical artifacts, and at translating functional descriptions using different engineering notions of function.
An Exometabolomics Approach to Monitoring Microbial Contamination in Microalgal Fermentation Processes by Using Metabolic Footprint Analysis
Authors: Sue Tiffany , Obolonkin Victor , Griffiths Hywel , Villas-Bôas Silas Granato 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
The early detection of microbial contamination is crucial to avoid process failure and costly delays in fermentation industries. However, traditional detection methods such as plate counting and microscopy are labor-intensive, insensitive, and time-consuming. Modern techniques that can detect microbial contamination rapidly and cost-effectively are therefore sought. In the present study, we propose gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolic footprint analysis as a rapid and reliable method for the detection of microbial contamination in fermentation processes. Our metabolic footprint analysis detected statistically significant differences in metabolite profiles of axenic and contaminated batch cultures of microalgae as early as 3 h after contamination was introduced, while classical detection methods could detect contamination only after 24 h. The data were analyzed by discriminant function analysis and were validated by leave-one-out cross-validation. We obtained a 97% success rate in correctly classifying samples coming from contaminated or axenic cultures. Therefore, metabolic footprint analysis combined with discriminant function analysis presents a rapid and cost-effective approach to monitor microbial contamination in industrial fermentation processes.
Spatial Variations in Archaeal Lipids of Surface Water and Core-Top Sediments in the South China Sea and Their Implications for Paleoclimate Studies
Authors: Wei Yuli , Wang Jinxiang , Liu Jie , Dong Liang , Li Li , Wang Hui , Wang Peng , Zhao Meixun , Zhang Chuanlun L. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, yet little is known about archaeal distributions and TEX
86
-based temperatures in this unique oceanic setting. Here we report findings of abundances in both core lipids (CL) and intact polar lipids (IPL) of
Archaea
from surface water (CL only) and core-top sediments from different regions of the SCS. TEX
86
-derived temperatures were also calculated for these samples. The surface water had extremely low abundances of CL (average of 0.05 ± 0.13 ng/liter;
n
= 75), with higher values present in regions where upwelling is known to occur. The core-top sediments had CL values of 0.1 to 0.9 μg/g, which are on the low end of CL concentrations reported for other marine sediments and may reflect the oligotrophic nature of the open SCS. The IPL of
Archaea
accounted for 6 to 36.4% of total lipids (CL plus IPL), indicating that the majority of archaeal lipids in core-top sediments were derived from nonliving cells. The TEX
86
-based temperatures of surface water were overall lower than satellite-based sea surface temperatures or CTD-measured
in situ
temperatures. The core-top sediment samples, however, had TEX
86
temperatures very close to the mean annual sea surface temperatures, except for samples with water depths of less than 100 m. Our results demonstrated low and heterogeneous distributions of archaeal lipids in surface water and core-top sediments of the SCS, which may reflect local or regional differences in productivity of
Archaea
. While TEX
86
-based temperatures for core-top marine sediments at deep water depths (>100 m) generally reflected mean annual sea surface temperatures, TEX
86
temperatures in surface water varied basin wide and underestimated sea surface temperatures in most locations for the season when surface water samples were collected.
Contribution of a Sodium Ion Gradient to Energy Conservation during Fermentation in the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima CS-328
Authors: Carrieri Damian , Ananyev Gennady , Lenz Oliver , Bryant Donald A. , Dismukes G. Charles 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Sodium gradients in cyanobacteria play an important role in energy storage under photoautotrophic conditions but have not been well studied during autofermentative metabolism under the dark, anoxic conditions widely used to produce precursors to fuels. Here we demonstrate significant stress-induced acceleration of autofermentation of photosynthetically generated carbohydrates (glycogen and sugars) to form excreted organic acids, alcohols, and hydrogen gas by the halophilic, alkalophilic cyanobacterium
Arthrospira
(
Spirulina
)
maxima
CS-328. When suspended in potassium versus sodium phosphate buffers at the start of autofermentation to remove the sodium ion gradient, photoautotrophically grown cells catabolized more intracellular carbohydrates while producing 67% higher yields of hydrogen, acetate, and ethanol (and significant amounts of lactate) as fermentative products. A comparable acceleration of fermentative carbohydrate catabolism occurred upon dissipating the sodium gradient via addition of the sodium-channel blocker quinidine or the sodium-ionophore monensin but not upon dissipating the proton gradient with the proton-ionophore dinitrophenol (DNP). The data demonstrate that intracellular energy is stored via a sodium gradient during autofermentative metabolism and that, when this gradient is blocked, the blockage is compensated by increased energy conversion via carbohydrate catabolism.
Microcolony Formation by Single-Cell Synechococcus Strains as a Fast Response to UV Radiation
Authors: Callieri Cristiana , Lami Andrea , Bertoni Roberto 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

UV radiation (UVR) has different effects on prokaryotic cells, such as, for instance, filamentation and aggregation in bacteria. Here we studied the effect of UVR on microcolony formation in two freshwater
Synechococcus
strains of different ribotypes (group B and group I) and phycobiliprotein compositions (phycoerythrin [PE] and phycocyanin [PC]). Each strain was photoacclimated at two light intensities, low light (LL) (10 μmol m
−2
s
−1
) and moderate light (ML) (100 μmol m
−2
s
−1
). The cultures were exposed for 6 days to treatments with UVR or without UVR. PE-rich
Synechococcus
acclimated to LL had a low carotenoid/chlorophyll
a
(car/chl) ratio but responded faster to UVR treatment, producing the highest percentages of microcolonies and of cells in microcolonies. Conversely, the same strain acclimated to ML, with a higher car/chl ratio, did not aggregate significantly. These results suggest that microcolony formation by PE-rich
Synechococcus
is induced by UVR if carotenoid levels are low. PC-rich
Synechococcus
formed a very low percentage of microcolonies in both acclimations even with low car/chl ratio. The different responses of the two
Synechococcus
strains to UVR depend on their pigment compositions. On the other hand, this study does not exclude that UVR-induced microcolony formation could also be related to specific ribotypes.
Identification and Characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum NADPH Oxidases
Authors: Kim Hyo-jin , Chen Changbin , Kabbage Mehdi , Dickman Martin B. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies have shown both the detrimental and beneficial effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in animals, plants, and fungi. These organisms utilize controlled generation of ROS for signaling, pathogenicity, and development. Here, we show that ROS are essential for the pathogenic development of
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
, an economically important fungal pathogen with a broad host range. Based on the organism's completed genome sequence, we identified two
S. sclerotiorum
NADPH oxidases (SsNox1 and SsNox2), which presumably are involved in ROS generation. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to examine the function of SsNox1 and SsNox2. Silencing of SsNox1 expression indicated a central role for this enzyme in both virulence and pathogenic (sclerotial) development, while inactivation of the SsNox2 gene resulted in limited sclerotial development, but the organism remained fully pathogenic. Δ
Ssnox1
strains had reduced ROS levels, were unable to develop sclerotia, and unexpectedly correlated with significantly reduced oxalate production. These results are in accordance with previous observations indicating that fungal NADPH oxidases are required for pathogenic development and are consistent with the importance of ROS regulation in the successful pathogenesis of
S. sclerotiorum
.
Phage Specificity of the Freshwater Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium columnare
Authors: Laanto Elina , Sundberg Lotta-Riina , Bamford Jaana K. H. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Flavobacteria and their phages were isolated from Finnish freshwaters and fish farms. Emphasis was placed on finding phages infecting the fish pathogen
Flavobacterium columnare
for use as phage therapy agents. The host ranges of the flavobacterial phages varied, phages infecting
F. columnare
being more host specific than the other phages.