bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the accuracy of three different computer‐aided surgery systems in dental implantology: optical tracking vs. stereolithographic splint systems
Authors: Ruppin Jörg , Popovic Aleksandra , Strauss Mario , Spüntrup Elmar , Steiner Alexander , Stoll Christian 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:Objectives:In dental implant surgery, computer‐aided surgery (CAS) techniques can provide a high medical benefit. Two different techniques are established for transferring a CAS treatment planning to the patient: the use of surgical templates (splints) or intraoperative navigation using optical tracking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total application accuracy of three different CAS systems (Artma virtual patient™, RoboDent LapAccedo®, Materialise SurgiGuide™): two featuring optical tracking, one featuring stereolithographically manufactured splints.Materials and Methods:A total of 120 implants were placed into 20 human cadaver mandibles. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans imported to the corresponding software were used to plan the implant positions on the computer. Implant placement was performed using either optical tracking or stereolithographic splints. Postoperative CT scans were used to obtain the achieved implant positions. A semi‐automatic approach was developed to compare planned and achieved implant positions. Deviations between planned and achieved positions were measured for each implant in position (Δxy), depth (Δz) and axis (Δϕ).Conclusion:Despite the different techniques of transfer, no statistically significant differences were found between all groups. The accuracy achieved corresponded well with the spatial resolution of the CT Scans used.
The mucosal barrier at implant abutments of different materials
Authors: Welander Maria , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Berglundh Tord 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the soft tissue barrier formed to implant abutments made of different materials.Material and methods: Six Labrador dogs, about 1 year old, were used. All mandibular premolars and the first, second and third maxillary premolars were extracted. Three months later four implants (OsseoSpeed™, 4.5 × 9 mm, Astra Tech Dental, Mölndal, Sweden) were placed in the edentulous premolar region on one side of the mandible and healing abutments were connected. One month later, the healing abutments were disconnected and four new abutments were placed in a randomized order. Two of the abutments were made of titanium (Ti), while the remaining abutments were made of ZrO2 or AuPt‐alloy. A 5‐months plaque control program was initiated. Three months after implant surgery, the implant installation procedure and the subsequent abutment shift were repeated in the contra‐lateral mandibular region. Two months later, the dogs were euthanized and biopsies containing the implant and the surrounding soft and hard peri‐implant tissues were collected and prepared for histological analysis.Results: It was demonstrated that the soft tissue dimensions at Ti‐ and ZrO2 abutments remained stable between 2 and 5 months of healing. At Au/Pt‐alloy abutment sites, however, an apical shift of the barrier epithelium and the marginal bone occurred between 2 and 5 months of healing. In addition, the 80‐μm‐wide connective tissue zone lateral to the Au/Pt‐alloy abutments contained lower amounts of collagen and fibroblasts and larger fractions of leukocytes than the corresponding connective tissue zone of abutments made of Ti and ZrO2.Conclusion: It is suggested that the soft tissue healing to abutments made of titanium and ZrO2 is different to that at abutments made of AuPt‐alloy.
Induction of new bone by basic FGF‐loaded porous carbonate apatite implants in femur defects in rats
Authors: Keiichi Kanayama , Mitsunobu Kitago , Masafumi Shiraki , Yutaka Doi , Toshiaki Shibutani 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether porous carbonate apatite (CA) containing basic FGF (bFGF) enhances bone augmentation as compared with porous CA alone.Material and methods: Thirty‐six disc‐shaped porous CA implants were inserted into femur defects in 36 Wister rats. Porous CA containing 0, 5, or 50 ng of bFGF was placed in the defect. Bone augmentation was evaluated radiographically using micro‐CT and histologically by conventional staining at 2 and 12 weeks.Results: At 2 weeks postoperatively, new bone was evident in the defect sites with porous CA containing either 5 or 50 ng of bFGF. The area of regenerated bone, however, was significantly higher with porous CA containing 5 ng of bFGF than with porous CA containing 50 ng. At 12 weeks postoperatively, no differences in new bone formation were seen between porous CA containing 5 and 50 ng bFGF. Porous CA containing bFGF, however, markedly increased the amount of bone newly formed as compared with porous CA without bFGF. Regardless of the implantation period, TRAP‐positive cells were visible around the material, indicating that osteoclast‐like cells were resorbing porous CA. In accordance with the evidence, bioresorption of the material increased over time: 6.3–7.8% at 2 weeks to 9.1–11.5% at 12 weeks.Conclusions: Porous CA is useful as a growth factor carrier and scaffold for bone augmentation.
Trial for detecting carriers with major genes in a selected layer line
Authors: OCHIAI Ayako , ISHIDA Takafumi , OYAMA Kenji , MUKAI Fumio 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTProduction traits of a Rhode Island Red layer line were analyzed to detect carrier animals with major genes that influenced a particular trait by applying the major gene index (MGI) approach. This method was used to examine the deviation of predicted breeding values between parents and offspring. Advantages of this method include its simplicity and time‐reducing, cost‐saving benefits compared with any other statistical approach for screening major genes. The layer line had been selected based on the desired gain index for 6 years at the National Livestock Breeding Center, Okazaki station. The line consisted of 125 sires and 2986 dams. Two economic traits as breeding objectives were studied – age at sexual maturity (ASM, days) and egg production efficiency (EP, %). The MGI detected nine sires and 23 dams as carriers with major genes for ASM, and five sires and 26 dams for EP. They were identified as important breeding stock, and pedigree information provided candidates possessing major genes with favorable effect at the founding of the selected layer line. It seems likely that the simple approach of the MGI could be a useful preliminary method for detecting carrier animals with major genes before applying molecular techniques on a sampled population to identify in more detail the existence of major genes and their carriers.
Direct enzyme immunoassay of fecal estrone derivatives in dairy cows
Authors: ISOBE Naoki , NAKAO Toshihiko 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe present study was undertaken to develop a novel, practical and simple procedure for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of fecal estrone derivatives (estrone, estrone sulfate and estrone glucuronide) in dairy cows. Fecal solution, prepared by mixing feces with borate buffer, was applied directly to wells without extraction, and incubated with anti‐estrone antibody and horseradish peroxidase‐labeled estrone. Estrone sulfate was used as the standard. The sensitivity of the assay was estimated as 0.15 ng/mL (0.6 ng/g). The intra‐assay and inter‐assay coefficients of variation were 5.3–8.1% and 13.4–15.7%, respectively. The recovery rate was 78–102%. Only 4 h were needed to complete an assay to measure fecal estrone derivative concentrations. A significant positive correlation was established between plasma estrone sulfate concentrations and fecal estrone sulfate equivalent concentrations. When fecal estrone sulfate equivalent concentrations were measured in pregnant dairy cows, a gradual increase from day 150 of pregnancy, and subsequent drastic increases from day 240 to calving date were observed. These results suggest that the direct enzyme immunoassay procedure developed in the present study is a practical and reliable method for measuring fecal estrone derivative concentrations.
Effects of grazing on deposition of chemical body components, energy retention and plasma hormones in steers
Authors: HATA Hiroshi , SUZUKI Keita , TOMIOKA Teruo , TANAKA Keiichi , MATSUNAGA Nobuyoshi , HIDARI Hisashi 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of grazing on the accretion of energy and chemical components in steers, using the comparative slaughter technique and taking into consideration the growth rate. Twelve Holstein steers aged 6 months and weighing 160 kg were divided into three treatment groups – an initial, grazing and control group. The initial group was slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment. The grazing group was grazed on timothy pastures for 18 weeks. The control group was kept in a stable and offered concentrate and timothy hay in a proportion of 2:1 throughout the 18 weeks. The amount of ration offered to the control group was adjusted in order to obtain a growth rate similar to that of the grazing group. The grazing and control groups were slaughtered at the end of the experiment. The grazing and the control groups had similar growth rates of approximately 0.8 kg/day throughout the experimental period and similar final live weights of approximately 260 kg. The grazing group had lower fat and energy deposition rates than the control group (P < 0.05). Deposition rates of protein, fat, ash, moisture and energy were 130, 32, 30, 374 g/day and 4.4 MJ/day, respectively, in the grazing group and 117, 85, 32, 381 g/day and 6.2 MJ/day, respectively, in the control group. The net energy for growth was lower in the grazing group (7.7 MJ/kg) than in the control group (9.9 MJ/kg, P < 0.05). The grazing group had higher plasma concentrations in growth hormone and lower plasma concentrations in insulin and insulin‐like growth factor 1 than those in the control group (P < 0.05).
Nutritional restrictionin uteroprograms postnatal muscle development in lambs
Authors: TYGESEN Malin P. , HARRISON Adrian P. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe effect of nutritional programming during late gestation on evoked compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) during early postnatal life was examined. Lambs were born to ewes that were fed either an adequate or low nutrient supply during the last trimester of gestation. Lambs were born to either a ram with a high genetic potential for daily live weight gain, or a ram with a high genetic potential for both daily gain and lean content. CMAP signals were evoked by electrical stimulation and recordings were analyzed in terms of area, amplitude, width at 50% maximal height and both leading and trailing slopes. Significant effects of nutrient restriction during late gestation were measured for lamb birthweight, bodyweight at day 21 and growth rate (P < 0.001), as well as CMAP area, corrected peak and slope for Musculus longissimus dorsi at day 21 and as early as day 10 for Musculus biceps femoris. In conclusion, nutrient restriction during the last trimester of gestation influences evoked CMAP signal parameters postnatally in a muscle‐specific fashion, and muscle development may be related to paternal genetic background.
Antigen‐binding and protein G‐binding abilities of immunoglobulin G in hyperimmunized cow's milk treated under various conditions
Authors: OHNUKI Hidetaka , OTANI Hajime 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSkim milk and whey prepared from milk secreted by cows that had been injected with bacteria were kept under various conditions, and the antigen‐binding and protein G‐binding abilities of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the milk samples were investigated. More than 85% of the original antigen‐binding and protein G‐binding abilities remained when the skim milk was heated at 63°C for 60 min or kept at a pH range of 4–10 for 24 h at 37°C. Both of the high abilities were maintained on pepsin treatment above pH 4 and intestinal proteinase treatments. Little antigen‐binding and protein G‐binding abilities decreased upon storage of the powdered skim milk for 12 months at room temperature. In contrast, at least half, and more than 70% of their respective abilities, were lost upon incubation at pH 2 in the absence and presence of pepsin, respectively, for 1 h at 37°C. These results suggest that most of the biological activities of the Fab‐region and Fc‐region of bovine milk IgG can be maintained during processing or storage, and both of the inactivation degrees mainly depend on the stomach condition after oral ingestion of the IgG preparation.
Effect of ruminal protozoa on fecal microbiota in cattle using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism
Authors: OZUTSUMI Yuhei , SAKAMOTO Mitsuo , ITABASHI Hisao , BENNO Yoshimi 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe effect of the presence of ruminal protozoa on the composition of fecal microbiota in cattle was investigated. Six castrated Holstein cattle (mean bodyweight 137 kg) were divided into two groups: three faunated and three unfaunated. The fecal bacterial composition of the faunated and unfaunated cattle was compared using a culture method and by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis. Approximately 0.4 to 2.3% of the bacterial cells detected by microscopy formed colonies on medium 10. The major terminal restriction fragments were detected in the T‐RFLP profiles generated by Hha I and Msp I digestion in both the faunated and unfaunated cattle. In particular, the Bacteroides group, the Clostridium coccoides group and the Clostridium leptum subgroup might be the known bacterial groups that protozoa influence by Msp I digestion. From the dendrogram analysis by T‐RFLP patterns, the faunated and unfaunated cattle were divided into two clusters, I and II, respectively. These results suggest that absence of protozoa in the rumen changes the composition of fecal bacteria.
Effects of the essential oil cyclodextrin complexes on ruminal methane production in vitro
Authors: TATSUOKA Noriko , HARA Koji , MIKUNI Katsuhiko , HARA Kozo , HASHIMOTO Hitoshi , ITABASHI Hisao 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe effects of including essential oil cyclodextrin (CD) complexes on ruminal methane and hydrogen production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and protozoa were studied in vitro. The essential oil CD complexes used in the present study were both αCD and βCD with cineol, eucalyptus, menthol, peppermint, thyme and wasabi. Diluted rumen fluid (60 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 h with the essential oil CD complex (1–40 mg as oil). Eucalyptus‐αCD reduced methane production by 40% with 10 mg as oil along with decreasing the protozoal number and increasing total VFA and proportion of propionic acid. Both wasabi‐αCD and wasabi‐βCD reduced methane production by 85% and 97%, respectively, with 10 mg as oil, though they increased hydrogen production notably. The protozoal number was unchanged by wasabi‐βCD and decreased to 50% by wasabi‐αCD. Propionic acid was increased by both wasabi‐αCD and wasabi‐βCD. The other essential oil‐CD showed no significant effect on reducing methane production. The combined use of 20 mM of fumaric acid with wasabi‐αCD (1 mg as oil) caused about a 50% depression of methane production compared to the control without increasing hydrogen production. Fumaric acid was more effective than malic acid in reducing methane production. The addition of eucalyptus‐αCD, wasabi‐αCD or wasabi‐βCD together with organic acid to rumen fluid turned out to be effective for reducing methane production with no increase in hydrogen production.
Mean retention time of digesta in the different segments of the equine hindgut
Authors: MIYAJI Makoto , UEDA Koichiro , NAKATSUJI Hiroki , TOMIOKA Teruo , KOBAYASHI Yasuo , HATA Hiroshi , KONDO Seiji 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSix Thoroughbred horses were used to determine the mean retention time (MRT) of digesta in the different segments of the hindgut. The horses were fed timothy hay or silage in equal amounts (1.6% bodyweight [BW]/day) every 3 h/day. Hay or silage labeled with the rare earth elements cerium, dysprosium, neodymium, ytterbium, lanthanum, samarium and praseodymium, were fed to the horses 36, 30, 24, 18, 12, 6 and 3 h before slaughter, respectively. Just after slaughter, digesta samples in the different segments were collected and determined for the contents of the rare earth elements. Using these data, a method to calculate the MRT in the different segments was proposed. There were no significant differences between diets in the MRT of each segment. The averaged MRT of hay and silage in the cecum, right ventral colon, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon and small colon was 2.9, 3.1, 5.9, 1.0, 4.0, and 4.0 h, respectively. The dry matter weight of the digesta was related to the MRT in the right ventral colon (r = 0.94,P = 0.005), left ventral colon (r = 0.87,P = 0.03), left dorsal colon (r = 0.98,P < 0.001) and right dorsal colon (r = 0.95,P = 0.004), but it was not related to the MRT in the cecum and small colon.
Analysis of 46‐kDa protein in the perivitelline membrane of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: SASANAMI Tomohiro , OHTSUKI Mamoru , DOI Yukio , TANAKA Ryota , FUJISHIMA Atsushi , MORI Makoto 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe extracellular matrix surrounding the oocyte before ovulation is called the perivitelline membrane (PL) in avian species. The PL is constructed with two major glycoproteins, ZPC and ZP1, which are synthesized in the ovarian granulosa cells and the liver, respectively. Although the properties of the major components in the PL have been examined, knowledge about the nature of its minor constituents is lacking. In this study we focused on PL protein, which migrates at 46‐kDa in the gel of SDS‐PAGE. N‐terminal sequence analysis demonstrated that the 46‐kDa protein is the C‐terminal fragment of ZP1. Analysis of lysylendopeptidase digests or cyanogens bromide‐degraded fragments of ZP1 confirmed this postulate. Western blot analysis using antiserum against 46‐kDa protein indicated the absence of 46‐kDa protein in the serum. Moreover, small immunoreactive bands, thought to be cleaved fragments of ZP1, were detected in the PL lysate by western blot analysis using antiserum against the N‐terminal peptide of ZP1. These results indicated that the N‐terminal proteolytic processing of ZP1 might take place after the arrival of ZP1 at the ovary, and the resulting product, 46‐kDa protein, is incorporated into the PL.
Effects of short period frequent milking on milk yield and udder health in Turkish Saanen goats
Authors: KOYUNCU Emrah , PALA Akin 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe major purpose of this study was to investigate whether increasing milking frequency for a short period (21 days) increases milk yield and milk components and improves udder health throughout lactation in Turkish Saanen goats. Two groups were formed (control,n = 14, treatment,n = 14); balanced by parity, bodyweight and birth type to make them homogenous. Feeding and management practices were the same for both groups. The treatment group was milked four times a day (4×) for 21 days after weaning whereas the control group was milked twice a day (2×). All the animals were milked twice daily thereafter. The pyronin methyl green stain method was used to estimate the somatic cell count (SCC), which is an indication of udder health. This method provided a count that excluded RNA and background noise while including cells with DNA. Repeated measures analyses indicated that overall differences between the 2× and 4× groups were significant for the morning, evening and total test day milk yields, in that values for the 4× group were increased 14.7, 8.8 and 12.1%, respectively. Differences between the groups for SCC were not significant. The results of this study indicate that increasing milking frequency to 4×, even for a short time (21 days), increases overall milk yield throughout lactation in dairy goats.
Trollopian Form: An Introduction
Authors: Goodlad Lauren M. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOnce regarded as a minor Victorian novelist, Anthony Trollope has in recent decades become a focus of significant attention. Trollope's enhanced profile in the field of Victorian studies has doubtless much to do with the interest in liberalism after more than twenty years of neo‐liberal economic and cultural ascendancy. Yet while Trollope’s reputation as the novelist par excellence of Victorian liberalism is relevant to the papers collected here, their special motive is to explore his distinctiveness as a practitioner of form. This introduction provides contexts for the three papers that follow, exploring the premise that Trollope's formal innovativeness has been too long overlooked.
Trollope’s Chapters
Authors: Dames Nicholas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe unit of the chapter – so fundamental to nineteenth‐century prose narrative, yet so thoroughly ignored in accounts of the form of novels – is fundamental to Anthony Trollope’s work. The chapter stems from the textual practices of antiquity and of medieval biblical transmission, ultimately finding a home in the novel form. Chapters are key to Trollope’s understanding of readerly experience, in that they both license and manage the occasional inattention of the reader, while tacitly permitting an interplay between reading and not‐reading; they are also key to his understanding of the temporality of personal experience, which is based on the bounded unit known as the “episode.”
Trollope, Seriality, and the ‘Dullness’ of Form
Authors: Dever Carolyn 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTrollope’s serial fiction satirizes literary tropes and conventions in order to produce a sense of historical veracity. In the Barsetshire series, Trollope uses undeveloped or ‘embryo’ plots in order to build narrative suspense within highly conventional plots. Within plots so conventional that conclusions are foregone, Trollope engineers excitement by offering multiple paths toward the foregone conclusion.
John Thelwall and the Politics of Sympathy
Authors: Fairclough Mary 
Published: September 2010

AbstractJohn Thelwall's diverse achievements in the fields of literature, science and politics have been read as the reason for his omission from the Romantic literary canon. But Thelwall’s scientific research arms him with a unique understanding of the connections between these disciplines, which upset the very notion of canonicity. Thelwall’s model of sympathy, developed in hisEssay Towards a Definition of Animal Vitality(1791) offers a physiological understanding of the term which he applies to radical effect in his literary and political works. For Thelwall, sympathy is the physical force through which one organ of the body is inextricably connected with the rest. This physical model radicalises the sentimental tropes Thelwall employs inThe Peripatetic(1793), where benevolence is figured as an instinctive impulse. In Thelwall’s political lectures, sympathy is an index of solidarity, but its rational, material basis offers a riposte to charges that Thelwall seeks to exploit the unruly energies of his audience. Thelwall figures sympathy instead as the medium for his political ideal, the diffusion of information and ideas.