bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Croissance pro-pauvres dans des pays du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord
Authors: Mokaddem Lamia , Boulila Ghazi 
Published: June 2011

Résumé L’article analyse l’impact de la croissance économique sur la pauvreté monétaire de neuf pays de la région du Moyen-Orient et de l’Afrique du Nord (la Tunisie, l’Algérie, le Maroc, l’Égypte, l’Iran, la Turquie, la Jordanie, la Mauritanie et le Yémen) entre 1990-2004. Pour caractériser la nature de la croissance et formuler les politiques et les stratégies appropriées qui permettraient de réduire la pauvreté, nous avons construit pour ces neufs pays les indicateurs de croissance et de politiques pro-pauvres de Kakwani et Pernia (2000) et de Kakwani (1993, 2001). Les résultats empiriques montrent que les estimations ponctuelles de ces indicateurs sont peu précises. Les intervalles de confiance ne permettent pas de se prononcer clairement sur la nature de la croissance, notamment dans le cas du Yémen, du Maroc et de l’Égypte. En outre, l’incertitude sur l’estimation ponctuelle de l’IGTI est grande dans le cas de la Tunisie, de l’Iran et de la Turquie, puisque l’intervalle de confiance à 95 % de l’IGTI est de [2 ; 4.6]. Ce qui rend difficile de recommander à ces pays la politique économique à adopter pour réduire la pauvreté. Classification JEL : D63, O2, C19, C33
Approximation of Holomorphic Solutions of a System of Real Analytic Equations
Authors: Hickel M. , Rond G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe prove the existence of an approximation function for holomorphic solutions of a system of real analytic equations. For this we use ultraproducts andWeierstrass systems introduced by J. Denef and L. Lipshitz. We also prove a version of the Płoski smoothing theorem in this case.
The calcineurin—nuclear factor of activated T cells signaling pathway mediates the effect of corticotropin releasing factor and urocortins on catecholamine synthesis
Authors: Dermitzaki Eirini , Tsatsanis Christos , Gravanis Achille , Margioris Andrew N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe biological effects of the Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides are mediated by mobilization of [Ca2+]. Aim of the current work was to examine if the calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T‐cells) signaling pathway is involved in the effect of CRF peptides in catecholamine synthesis and secretion from PC12 rat pheochromocytona cells, a model for the study of adrenal catecholamine production. PC12 cells express both types of CRF receptors. Our data are as follows: (a) The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) blocked norepinephrine secretion induced by ligands of either CRF type 1 (CRF1) or 2 (CRF2) receptors on PC12 cells. (b) Silencing NFAT2 expression using a selective NFAT2 siRNA blocked CRF1 and CRF2‐induced NE production. (c) CRF ligands induced NFAT transcriptional activity in cells transfected with a luciferase reporter construct controlled by NFAT binding elements (NFAT‐Luc). (d) CsA completely blocked the stimulatory effect of CRF1 and CRF2 ligands on NFAT activity in NFAT‐Luc transfected cells. (e) PKA, PKC, p38‐MAPK, Tpl2, Ha‐Ras, and AKT1 were crucial intermediates for both CRF1 and CRF2‐induced NFAT activation. Interestingly, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 were crucial only for the CRF2‐induced NFAT activation. (f) p38‐MAPK and Tpl2 were crucial intermediates for both CRF1 and CRF2‐induced norepinephrine production, while AKT1 affected only CRF2‐induced norepinephrine production. In conclusion, our data suggest that CRF1 and CRF2 ligands activate the transcription factor NFAT and its activation is prerequisite for CRF‐induced catecholamine production from chromaffin cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1861–1872, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Indigenous Economies to Market-Based Self-Governance: A Feminist Political Economy Analysis
Authors: Kuokkanen Rauna 
Published: June 2011

Abstract.This paper examines the apparent contradiction between the current tendency of many Indigenous groups and their political institutions to embrace the capitalist economic model as the one and only solution in establishing contemporary Indigenous self-governance, on the one hand, and on the other, the detrimental force of the market economy on Indigenous societies, past and present. The starting point is the following question. If the global market economy historically played a significant role in the loss of political and economic autonomy of Indigenous societies and women, how meaningful or sustainable is it to seek to (re)build contemporary Indigenous governance on the very economic model that was largely responsible for undermining it in the first place? Shouldn't this history be taken into consideration when discussing and shaping models and policies for contemporary Indigenous governance and hence be more critical of the standard economic development frameworks hailed as the path toward self-governance?Résumé.Cet article examine l'apparente contradiction entre la tendance actuelle de nombreux groupes autochtones et de leurs institutions politiques à adopter le modèle économique capitaliste contemporain en tant que seule et unique solution pour constituer une autonomie gouvernementale autochtone d'une part, et de l'autre, les forces néfastes de l'économie de marché dans les sociétés autochtones, passées et présentes. Au départ, se pose la question suivante : si l'économie de marché mondiale a historiquement joué un rôle important dans la perte d'autonomie politique et économique des sociétés autochtones et des femmes, jusqu'à quel point est-il pertinent ou viable de chercher à bâtir ou à rebâtir l'autonomie gouvernementale contemporaine des peuples autochtones sur le même modèle économique qui a été largement responsable de la saper en premier lieu? Cette dimension historique ne devrait-elle pas être prise en considération lors de l'examen et de l'élaboration des modèles et des politiques de gouvernance autochtone contemporains et, par conséquent, inciter à une vision plus critique des cadres de développement économique convenus qui sont salués comme le chemin vers l'autogouvernance?
Cosmology between two wars. Einstein's revolution and alternative models of the Universe
Authors: Curir Anna 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe personality of Edward Milne is examined, deepening the historical period in which his Cosmological theory was produced. Is suggested that Milne's kinematical Cosmology can be regarded as a kind of ‘resistance’ to the scientific revolution deriving from the new Einstein's theory of gravitation. Is investigated the deep philosophical meaning of the metrics on curved manifolds as far as the representation of the universe is concerned, and the importance of the cosmological theories in the epistemology and in the evolution of science is stressed.
The worldwide impact of Donati's comet on art and society in the mid-19th century
Authors: Gasperini Antonella , Galli Daniele , Nenzi Laura 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDonati's comet was one of the most spectacular astronomical events of the nineteenth century. Its extended sword-like tail was a spectacular sight that inspired several literary and artistic representations. Traces of Donati's comet are found in popular magazines, children's books, collection cards, and household objects through the beginning of the twentieth century.
The decline of natural sciences in the culture of mass media
Authors: Elías Carlos 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study sets out to determine if the interest in and study of natural sciences is declining in western countries as scientists currently contend. Part one demonstrates how survey results reveal a decline of interest in scientific news in the EU. Part two explores the decline of interest further through examining data such as the number of students interested in scientific subjects and scientific careers. I explore the hypothesis that the lack of interest in scientific subjects is influenced by the culture of the mass media, and the manner in which the media covers scientific items. I examine a range of media outlets, from reality TV shows and TV series, to movies and the press. Many aspects of this paper have been discussed in depth in my book published in 2008:La razón estrangulada(Reason Strangled: the Crisis of Science in Contemporary Society).
From a closed world to the infinite Universe: Astronomy in prisons
Authors: Briot Danielle 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFor over a decade, some French astronomers visit prisons to talk and discuss about astronomy with prisoners. First we note the paradoxes which exist in the juxtaposition of the words “astronomy” and “prisons”. The importance and interests of these talks are reviewed, as well as the specificities of the audiences. Some material details about the organisation and a brief review of actions done in France today are given. As a conclusion, we emphasize the interest and the utility of these astronomy lectures and discussions.
No “explosion” in Big Bang cosmology: teaching kids the truth of what cosmologists really know
Authors: Gangui Alejandro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCommon wisdom says that cosmologists are smart: they have developed a theory that can explain the “origin of the universe”. Every time an astro-related, heavily funded “big-science” project comes to the media, naturally the question arises: will science –through this or that experiment– explain the origin of the cosmos? Can this be done with the LHC, for example? Will this dream machine create other universes? Of course, the very words we employ in cosmology reinforce this misconception: so Big Bang must be associated with an “explosion”, even if a “peculiar” one, as it took place nowhere (there was presumably no space before the beginning) and happened virtually in no time (supposedly, space-time was created on this peculiar –singular– event). Right, the issue sounds confusing. Let us imagine what kids may get out of all this.We have recently presented a series of brief astronomy and cosmology books aimed at helping both kids and their teachers in these and other arcane subjects, all introduced with carefully chosen words and images that young children can understand. In particular, Volume Four deals with the Big Bang and emphasizes the notion of “evolution” as opposed to the –wrong– notion of “origin” behind the scientific model. We then explain some of the pillars of Big Bang cosmology: the expansion of space that drags away distant galaxies, as seen in the redshift of their emitted light; the build-up of light elements in a cooling bath of radiation, as explained by primordial nucleosynthesis; and the existence and main features of the ubiquitous cosmic microwave background radiation, where theory and observations agree to a highly satisfactory degree.Of course, one cannot attempt to answer the “origins” question when it is well known that all theories so far break down close to this origin (if there was actually an origin). It is through observations, analyses, lively discussions and recognition of the basic limitations of current theories and ideas, that we are led to try and reconstruct the past and predict the future evolution of our universe. Just that. Sound science turns out to be much more attractive when we tell the truth of what we really know.
Astronomy in additional education in Kazakhstan
Authors: Zagainova Vera 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe merging of astronomy and physics into one subject in Kazakhstan's schools has hampered the knowledge of astronomy that had been established over tha past years. It is necessary to create a new system of aspace education for schoolchildren and the system of additional education should be leading this work. Additional education of astronomy in Kazakhstan began with astronomical clubs in the 1960s. In this paper a new system of additional education of astronomy in Kazakhstan is proposed.
The International Astronomy Olympiad
Authors: Gavrilov Michael G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe International Astronomy Olympiad (IAO) is an annual scientific-educating event for students of the junior high-school classes, aged 14–18 years. The Euro-Asian Astronomical Society founded the IAO in 1996. The Olympiad includes an intellectual competition between these students. The style of the problems is aimed at developping the imagination, creativity and independent thinking.
Maximum outreach. . . minimum budget
Authors: Laychak Mary Beth 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMany astronomical institutions have budgetary constraints that prevent them from spending large amounts on public outreach. This is especially true for smaller organizations, such as the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), where manpower and funding are at a premium. To maximize our impact, we employ unconventional and affordable outreach techniques that underscore our commitment to astronomy education and our local community. We participate in many unique community interactions, ranging from rodeo calf-dressing tournaments to art gallery exhibitions of CFHT images. Further, we have developed many creative methods to communicate complex astronomical concepts to both children and adults, including the use of a modified webcam to teach infrared astronomy and the production of online newsletter for parents, children, and educators. This presentation will discuss the outreach methods CFHT has found most effective in our local schools and our rural community.
Learning to discount transformations as the computational goal of visual cortex
Authors: Leibo Joel , Mutch Jim , Poggio Tomaso 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIt has been long recognized that a key obstacle to achieving human-level object recognition performance is the problem of invariance. The human visual system excels at factoring out the image transformations that distort object appearance under natural conditions. Models with a cortex-inspired architecture such as HMAX as well as nonbiological convolutional neural networks are invariant to translation (and in some cases scaling) by virtue of their wiring. The transformations to which this approach has been applied so far are generic; a single example image of any object contains all the information needed to synthesize a new image of the transformed object. In contrast, viewpoint and illumination transformations depend on the object's 3D structure and material properties. These are normally consistent within, but not between, classes.Class-specific modifications of the HMAX model achieve good viewpoint and illumination tolerant performance in a one-shot identification task. Performance suffers when a model that is specialized for transformations of one class is tested on identification within a different class. In fact, viewpoint-pooling models employing templates from the wrong class perform worse on viewpoint invariant identification tasks than models that have no particular mechanisms for dealing with viewpoint at all. The same situation arises for illumination invariance. This is in stark contrast to the generic case where the model is invariant to all classes undergoing the transformation no matter what templates are used.
Structure and activity of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae dUTP pyrophosphatase DUT1, an essential housekeeping enzyme
Authors: Tchigvintsev Anatoli , Singer Alexander U. , Flick Robert , Petit Pierre , Brown Greg , Evdokimova Elena , Savchenko Alexei , Yakunin Alexander F. 
Published: June 2011

Genomes of all free-living organisms encode the enzyme dUTPase (dUTP pyrophosphatase), which plays a key role in preventing uracil incorporation into DNA. In the present paper, we describe the biochemical and structural characterization of DUT1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae dUTPase). The hydrolysis of dUTP by DUT1 was strictly dependent on a bivalent metal cation with significant activity observed in the presence of Mg2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ or Zn2+. In addition, DUT1 showed a significant activity against another potentially mutagenic nucleotide: dITP. With both substrates, DUT1 demonstrated a sigmoidal saturation curve, suggesting a positive co-operativity between the subunits. The crystal structure of DUT1 was solved at 2 Å resolution (1 Å=0.1 nm) in an apo state and in complex with the non-hydrolysable substrate α,β-imido dUTP or dUMP product. Alanine-replacement mutagenesis of the active-site residues revealed seven residues important for activity including the conserved triad Asp87/Arg137/Asp85. The Y88A mutant protein was equally active against both dUTP and UTP, indicating that this conserved tyrosine residue is responsible for discrimination against ribonucleotides. The structure of DUT1 and site-directed mutagenesis support a role of the conserved Phe142 in the interaction with the uracil base. Our work provides further insight into the molecular mechanisms of substrate selectivity and catalysis of dUTPases.
Curve Density Estimates
Authors: Lampe O. Daae , Hauser H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this work, we present a technique based on kernel density estimation for rendering smooth curves. With this approach, we produce uncluttered and expressive pictures, revealing frequency information about one, or, multiple curves, independent of the level of detail in the data, the zoom level, and the screen resolution. With this technique the visual representation scales seamlessly from an exact line drawing, (for low‐frequency/low‐complexity curves) to a probability density estimate for more intricate situations. This scale‐independence facilitates displays based on non‐linear time, enabling high‐resolution accuracy of recent values, accompanied by long historical series for context. We demonstrate the functionality of this approach in the context of prediction scenarios and in the context of streaming data.
Progressive Splatting of Continuous Scatterplots and Parallel Coordinates
Authors: Heinrich J. , Bachthaler S. , Weiskopf D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractContinuous scatterplots and parallel coordinates are used to visualize multivariate data defined on a continuous domain. With the existing techniques, rendering such plots becomes prohibitively slow, especially for large scientific datasets. This paper presents a scalable and progressive rendering algorithm for continuous data plots that allows exploratory analysis of large datasets at interactive framerates. The algorithm employs splatting to produce a series of plots that are combined using alpha blending to achieve a progressively improving image. For each individual frame, splats are obtained by transforming Gaussian density kernels from the 3‐D domain of the input dataset to the respective data domain. A closed‐form analytic description of the resulting splat footprints is derived to allow pre‐computation of splat textures for efficient GPU rendering. The plotting method is versatile because it supports arbitrary reconstruction or interpolation schemes for the input data and the splatting technique is scalable because it chooses splat samples independently from the size of the input dataset. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is compared to existing techniques regarding rendering performance and quality.
Visualising Errors in Animal Pedigree Genotype Data
Authors: Graham Martin , Kennedy Jessie , Paterson Trevor , Law Andy 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGenetic analysis of a breeding animal population involves determining the inheritance pattern of genotypes for multiple genetic markers across the individuals in the population pedigree structure. However, experimental pedigree genotype data invariably contains errors in both the pedigree structure and in the associated individual genotypes, introducing inconsistencies into the dataset, rendering them useless for further analysis. The resolution of these errors requires consideration of genotype inheritance patterns in the context of the pedigree structure. Existing pedigree visualisations are typically more suited to human pedigrees and are less suitable for large complex animal pedigrees which may exhibit cross generational inbreeding. Similarly, table‐based viewers of genotype marker data can highlight where errors become apparent but lack the functionality and interactive visual feedback to allow users to locate the origin of errors within the pedigree. In this paper, we detail a design study steered by biologists who work with pedigree data, and describe successive iterations through approaches and prototypes for viewing genotyping errors in the context of a displayed pedigree. We describe how each approach performs with real pedigree genotype data and why eventually we deemed them unsuitable. Finally, a novel prototype visualisation for pedigrees, which we term the ‘sandwich view’, is detailed and we demonstrate how the approach effectively communicates errors in the pedigree context, supporting the biologist in the error identification task.
Epidemic curve and hazard function for occurrence of clinical equine influenza in a closed population of horses at a 3‐day event in southern Queensland, Australia, 2007
Authors: Morton JM , Dups JN , Anthony ND , Dwyer JF 
Published: June 2011

The risk of individuals becoming infected during an epidemic of infectious disease can vary as the disease progresses. Monitoring this risk may provide information about the dynamics of transmission. This study describes the epidemic curve for an epidemic of equine influenza (EI) in a closed population of horses predominantly immunologically naïve to EI at a 3‐day event at Morgan Park in southern Queensland, Australia.The hazard function suggested that a subset of horses were at reduced risk of becoming infected. This highlights the importance, when modelling infectious disease in populations, of considering possible differences in the risk of infection among subgroups in the population.