bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic nanoparticles produced by femtosecond laser pulse: Magnetic force microscopy study
Authors: Grossman E. , Shpilman Z. , Gouzman I. , Eliezer S. , Louzon E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on Si substrates by interaction of femtosecond laser with thin films of Ni and Fe. Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) was used to determine the magnetic properties and size distribution of the particles. Ni nanoparticles were relatively uniform in size with an average diameter of about 15 nm and average magnetic moment of 3.4 × 10–20 A m2. Fe nanoparticles were less uniform and particles size ranged from 14 nm to 36 nm in diameter, with an average magnetic moment of 6.5 × 10–20 A m2. Due to high impact energy both Ni and Fe nanoparticles were deformed upon impact resulting in a shape of oblate spheroid. The NPs shape change due to the impact was analyzed thermodynamically and was correlated to the magnetic moment measured for the different NPs type. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adsorption configurations of hydrocarbon ring molecules on GaAs(001)‐c(4 × 4)
Authors: Passmann R. , Bruhn T. , Nilsen T. A. , Fimland B. O. , Kneissl M. , Esser N. , Vogt P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe understanding of self–assembly and bonding mechanisms of organic molecules on semiconductor surfaces represents a central research aspect in the investigation of novel organic/inorganic interfaces and their technological applicability. Here, we investigated the adsorption and bond formation of cyclopentene and 1,4‐cyclohexadiene on a GaAs(001)‐ c(4 × 4) surface in order to clarify the influence of the number of intra‐molecular C=C double bonds on the respective adsorption sites. For a determination of the adsorption configuration, the interfaces were characterized electronically and optically by synchrotron based X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS). The results reveal significantly different adsorption configurations for the two molecules. While cyclopentene bonds with a single covalent bond to the surface, 1,4‐cyclohexadiene adsorbs onto the surface by the formation of multiple covalent bonds, e.g. bridge bonds. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the large temperature variation of the dielectric constant of Na0.4K0.6Br [Phys. Status Solidi B 246, No. 1, 241–245 (2009)]
Authors: Katsika‐Tsigourakou V. , Bekris P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractReferences [3, 28, 37] in the paper by Katsika‐Tsigourakou and Bekris [Phys. Status Solidi B 246, 241 (2009)] are corrected. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deepening the debate over ‘sustainable science’: Indigenous perspectives as a guide on the journey
Authors: Broadhead Lee‐Anne , Howard Sean 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article engages with the concept of sustainable science as articulated by those eager to address and correct environmentally destructive tendencies in western scientific theory and practice. We first reflect on the widespread resistance among western scientists to accord the designation of ‘science’ to other cultural enterprises of inquiry. Focusing on the example of Native American approaches to nature and knowledge, we caution that this pervasive sense of superiority has blocked recognition of reasonable paths to a new science even amongst those eager to incorporate elements of Indigenous thinking into their worldviews. Finally, we argue that the explorations of the natural world as found in Indigenous science can be seen to represent an alternative mode of rigorous, systematic inquiry – a ‘full‐spectrum’ approach – demonstrating the practical potential for truly sustainable science. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Bladder endometriosis, a remarkable resemblance in a monozygotic twin
Authors: van Beek J. J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt is known for many years that heritability plays a role in the development of endometriosis in many patients. Deep endometriosis of the bladder is a rare presentation of the disease and bladder endometriosis was not reported in monozygotic twin studies so far. Since monozygotic twins share the same genes, concordance and differences in presentation of endometriosis may help to discriminate between genetic and environmental determinants. The remarkable resemblance in the presentation of bladder endometriosis in this monozygotic twin seems to indicate that genetic factors are of importance in the arising of deep endometriosis in the bladder too.
Safer childbirth: A rights‐based approach
Authors: Boama Vincent , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set very high targets for women's reproductive health through reductions in maternal and infant mortality, among other things. Reductions in maternal mortality and morbidity can be achieved through various different approaches, such as the confidential review of maternal deaths, use of evidence‐based treatments and interventions, using a health systems approach, use of information technology, global and regional partnerships, and making pregnancy safer through initiatives that increase the focus on human rights. A combination of these and other approaches can have a synergistic impact on reductions in maternal mortality. This paper highlights some of the current global efforts on safer pregnancy with a focus on reproductive rights. We encourage readers to do more in every corner of the world to advocate for women's reproductive rights and, in this way, we may achieve the MDGs by 2015.
Access to sexual and reproductive health for young people: Bridging the disconnect between rights and reality
Authors: Shaw Dorothy 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOf the 1.5 billion young people globally, 78% live in Asia and Africa, the poorest regions of the world. The majority of young people infected with HIV are female and adolescent girls have a significant increased risk for maternal mortality and morbidity, such as fistula. Trends to delay marriage do not decrease the age of onset of sexual activity, but highlight the need for access to sexual and reproductive information, and skills and services to learn healthy sexuality and prevent unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Youth‐friendly services require confidentiality, privacy, and non‐judgmental attitudes, and rights of adolescents include the consideration of their evolving capacities to consent to services. Denial of young people's sexuality and rights by conservative and traditional forces has lethal consequences, especially for women and girls. Countries have committed to these rights through numerous international instruments and many are making progress, but challenges at the community level are significant.
Reproductive healthcare systems should include accessible infertility diagnosis and treatment: An important challenge for resource‐poor countries
Authors: Ombelet Willem 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInfertility is a central issue in the lives of many couples who suffer from it. In resource‐poor countries the problem of childlessness is even more pronounced compared with Western societies owing to different sociocultural circumstances. It often leads to severe psychological, social, and economic suffering, and access to infertility treatment is often limited to certain procedures and certain costumers. The issue of infertility in resource‐poor countries is underestimated and neglected, not only by local governments but also by the international nonprofit organizations. Simplification of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, minimizing the complication rate, and incorporating fertility centers into existing reproductive healthcare programs are essential measures to take in resource‐poor countries if infertility treatment is to be accessible for a large part of the population. For reasons of social justice, a search for strategies to implement simplified methods of infertility diagnosis and treatment in resource‐poor countries is urgently warranted.
Healthcare workers and the brain drain
Authors: Serour Gamal I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe brain drain of health workers occurs mostly from low‐ and low/middle‐income countries to resource‐rich countries and from rural to urban areas. Shortage and uneven distribution of healthcare workers aggravated by the brain drain from Africa, Asia, and Pacific countries has contributed to impaired reproductive and sexual health services and the high rate of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity in these counties. Brain drain impedes maternal, neonatal, and child health and the fight against HIV/AIDS, and translates into loss of potential employers, teachers, and role models. Source countries spend US$ 500 million each year to educate health workers who leave their home countries for North America, Western Europe, and South Asia. A code of practice on international recruitment of health personnel is needed. Improving the health workforce database, wages, health resources and working conditions, task shifting, pay‐back from recipient countries and migrant health professionals, securing additional investment in the health workforce, and the development of locally relevant medical training and research are useful measures to combat this problem.
The role of parliamentarians in promoting sexual and reproductive health and rights
Authors: McCafferty Christine 
Published: June 2009

AbstractParliamentarians are central to the full implementation of the International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action (ICPD PoA). We promote, review, and adopt sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) legislation, including budget appropriations. Parliamentarians also approve policies formulated by government and endorse resolutions and statements in support of SRHR. All Party Parliamentary Groups on Population, Development, and Reproductive Health have now been established in nearly 100 countries to promote the ICPD PoA. Examples are given of successful SRHR parliamentary advocacy in the UK, Europe, and internationally. The biggest constraint to achieving universal access to reproductive health services by 2015 (the new MDG 5 target) remains ideological‐driven campaigns across Europe and the USA. Politicians must be brave and speak out against misinformation or ill‐informed and ideological‐driven campaigns that mitigate the promotion of women's SRHR.
CHANGES IN THE PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY DECLINE IN POST-SOCIALIST MONGOLIA
Authors: SPOORENBERG THOMAS 
Published: June 2009

SummaryMongolian fertility decline has received only limited analysis in the demographic literature. Using the 2003 Reproductive Health Survey of Mongolia the classical proximate determinants of fertility framework proposed by Bongaarts is applied here in order to analyse which factors shape period fertility. The results indicate that the fertility-inhibiting effect of contraception contributed to reduce period fertility by 54.2% from its theoretical maximum, while induced abortion accounted for only 6.1% of the reduction in fertility. Compared with previous studies made in the early 1990s, these results show that important changes in the control of reproduction took place in Mongolia during the fertility transition. In order to assess the changes implied by the transition to democracy and market economy, the proximate determinants of fertility are estimated for the year 1994. The results show that the importance of induced abortion in the determination of fertility level has reduced and that the use of modern contraception has increased progressively and contributed most in determining fertility level in 2003.
The occurrence ofCyathostoma(Cyathostoma)microspiculum(Skrjabin, ) (Nematoda: Syngamidae) in the great cormorant [Phalacrocorax carbo(L., 1758)] in north-eastern Poland
Authors: Kanarek G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe nematodeCyathostoma(Cyathostoma)microspiculum(Skrjabin, 1915) was found in 37 out of the 491 great cormorant [Phalacrocorax carbo(L.)] individuals from north-eastern Poland (the Vistula Spit, the Vistula Lagoon and the Masurian Lake District) that were examined. The nematode occurred at 7.5% prevalence, 3.6 mean intensity (1–16 intensity range) and 0.27 mean abundance. This is the first Polish record ofC. microspiculumand the first properly documented record of the nematode in Europe. Significant age-dependent differences in prevalence and mean intensity were found; the heaviest infection (13.7%; 4) was found in immature birds, followed by that found in chicks (8.1%; 3.7) and mature individuals (4.4%; 3). No significant habitat-dependent differences in the infection parameters were found but, for chicks, the nematode was present exclusively in those found in the breeding colony located on the Vistula Spit. It may be related to their life cycle, probably associated with a marine environment. Morphology and biometry of theC. microspiculumindividuals examined are described in detail. The results are compared with data in the literature.Syngamus hexadontusChin, 1950 is recognized as an older synonym ofC. microspiculum.
The first occurrence of Trichinella murrelli in wild boar in Iran and a review of Iranian trichinellosis
Authors: Kia E.B. , Meamar A.R. , Zahabiun F. , Mirhendi H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTrichinella larvae isolated from the thigh muscle of a wild boar, Sus scrofa, captured from Gilan Province, northern Iran, was processed for DNA analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of the 5S rDNA fragment demonstrated a 700 bp band on agarose gel. Analysis of DNA sequencing by BLAST confirmed the isolate as T. murrelli. This report constitutes the first recorded occurrence of T. murrelli in Asia, and also the first occurrence in a wild boar host.
Distribution of Eurasian otter biliary parasites, Pseudamphistomum truncatum and Metorchis albidus (Family Opisthorchiidae), in England and Wales
Authors: SHERRARD-SMITH E. , CABLE J. , CHADWICK E. A. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYGall bladders from 273 otter carcasses, collected throughout England and Wales, were screened to assess the status of gall bladder parasites in the Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra. The digenean Pseudamphistomum truncatum had previously been found in UK otters collected between 2000 and 2007. The parasite was established in Somerset and Dorset but its distribution elsewhere in the UK was largely unknown. In the current study, P. truncatum was also found to be abundant in south Wales, with occasional cases elsewhere, but appears to be absent from the north of England. Overall, 11·7% of otters were infected with 1–238 P. truncatum. A second digenean, Metorchis albidus, previously unreported in British otters, was found in the biliary system of 6·6% of otters. M. albidus appears well established in Suffolk, Norfolk and north Essex but was recorded elsewhere rarely. Both parasites are associated with pathological damage to the otter gall bladder. The recent discovery of these two non-native parasites provides a unique opportunity to assess their impact on native British fauna.
Tangible user interface laboratory: Teaching tangible interaction design in practice
Authors: Shaer Orit , Horn Michael S. , Jacob Robert J.K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTangible interaction is an emerging field of human–computer interaction that links the digital and the physical worlds by embedding computation in physical artifacts and environments. This paper shares our experience teaching tangible interaction over the past 4 years in an interdisciplinary, project-based laboratory course at Tufts University. Although the course is offered through the Computer Science Department, it reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the field, merging product engineering practices with a design studio approach. With a diverse mix of students, this approach has fostered creativity and hands-on learning. Throughout the course students have created innovative interfaces that not only capture fundamental concepts of tangible interaction but also contribute novel techniques for supporting collaborative design. We discuss examples of student-created interfaces and illustrate the relationship between the methods employed in the course and the artifacts created. We also share our recommendations for implementing such a course in institutions with constraints similar to ours including a limited budget and minimal laboratory space.
Integrin α8β1 regulates adhesion, migration and proliferation of human intestinal crypt cells via a predominant RhoA/ROCK‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Benoit Yannick D. , Lussier Carine , Ducharme Pierre‐Alexandre , Sivret Sophie , Schnapp Lynn M. , Basora Nuria , Beaulieu Jean‐François 
Published: June 2009

Background. Integrins are transmembrane αβ heterodimer receptors that function as structural and functional bridges between the cytoskeleton and ECM (extracellular matrix) molecules. The RGD (arginine‐glycine‐aspartate tripeptide motif)‐dependent integrin α8β1 has been shown to be involved in various cell functions in neuronal and mesenchymal‐derived cell types. Its role in epithelial cells remains unknown.Results. Integrin α8β1 was found to be expressed in the crypt cell population of the human intestine but was absent from differentiating and mature epithelial cells of the villus. The function of α8β1 in epithelial crypt cells was investigated at the cellular level using normal HIECs (human intestinal epithelial cells). Specific knockdown of α8 subunit expression using an shRNA (small‐hairpin RNA) approach showed that α8β1 plays important roles in RGD‐dependent cell adhesion, migration and proliferation via a RhoA/ROCK (Rho‐associated kinase)‐dependent mechanism as demonstrated by active RhoA quantification and pharmacological inhibition of ROCK. Moreover, loss of α8β1, through RhoA/ROCK, impairs FA (focal adhesion) complex integrity as demonstrated by faulty vinculin recruitment.Conclusions. Integrin α8β1 is expressed in epithelial cells. In intestinal crypt cells, α8β1 is closely involved in the regulation of adhesion, migration and cell proliferation via a predominant RhoA/ROCK‐dependent mechanism. These results suggest an important role for this integrin in intestinal crypt cell homoeostasis.
Changes in expression and activity of the secretory pathway Ca2+ ATPase 1 (SPCA1) in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells cultured at different glucose concentrations
Authors: Lai Pei , Michelangeli Francesco 
Published: June 2009

Diabetes mellitus-related vascular disease is often associated with both a dysregulation of Ca2+ homoeostasis and enhanced secretory activity in VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells). Here, we employ a commonly used rat cell line for VSMCs (A7r5 cells) to investigate the effects of glucose on the expression and activity of the SPCA1 (secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 1; also known as ATP2C1), which is a P-type Ca2+ pump located in the Golgi apparatus that plays a key role in the secretory pathway. Our results show that mRNA expression levels of SPCA1 are significantly increased in A7r5 cells cultured in high glucose (25.0 mM)-supplemented medium compared with normal glucose (5.55 mM)-supplemented medium. SPCA1 protein expression levels and thapsigargin-insensitive Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity were also consistent with a higher than normal expression level of SPCA1 in high-glucose-cultured A7r5 cells. Analysis of AVP (arginine-vasopressin)-induced cytosolic Ca2+ transients in A7r5 cells (after pre-treatment with thapsigargin) showed faster rise and decay phases in cells grown in high glucose medium compared with cells grown in normal glucose medium, supporting the observation of increased SPCA expression/activity. The significant levels of both Ca2+-ATPase activity and AVP-induced Ca2+ transients, in the presence of thapsigargin, indicate that SPCA must play a significant role in Ca2+ uptake within VSMCs. We therefore propose that, if such increases in SPCA expression and activity also occur in primary VSMCs, this may play a substantial role in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus-associated vascular disease, due to alterations in Ca2+ homoeostasis within the Golgi apparatus.
Antenatal ultrasound and postnatal autopsy findings in terminations after 12 weeks’ gestation due to fetal abnormality: population-based study in western norway, 1988–2002
Authors: Parkar A. P. , Olsen Ø. E. , Maartmann-Moe H. , Daltveit A. K. , Gjelland K. , Rosendahl K. 
Published: June 2009

Background: Ultrasound screening has been part of antenatal care for several decades, and warrants high expertise to meet the criteria for a worthwhile screening program. In particular, the rate of false positives should be low. Purpose: To examine time trends of pregnancy terminations for fetal abnormality after 12 weeks’ gestation, and to assess the agreement between antenatal ultrasound and post-termination autopsy findings for the main pathologies leading to termination. Material and Methods: During the period 1988 to 2002, 198 pregnancies were terminated for fetal abnormality after 12 weeks’ gestation. We reviewed the case notes for those 151 who were autopsied (male/female/undetermined ;= ;91/56/4). Annual rates of live births and stillbirths were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Results: Antenatal ultrasound provided a correct diagnosis of the major abnormality in 149/151 cases (99%), based on post-termination autopsy findings. The annual rate of terminations after 12 weeks’ gestation varied between 0.6 and 3.4 (mean 1.8) per 1000 live births, with a trend toward higher rates over the study period ( P=0.001, chi-square test for linear-by-linear association). Conclusion: The specificity of antenatal ultrasound for major abnormalities was high, as compared to postnatal autopsy findings. The mean annual rates of termination after 12 weeks’ gestation tended to increase over the 14-year study period.
Impact of Gene Copy Number Variation on Anesthesia in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Alone Debasmita P. , Rodriguez Jason C. , Noland Cameron L. , Nash Howard A. 
Published: June 2009

Background
Chromosomal deletions and duplications, which result in halving or doubling of copy number in a block of genes, are an important source of variation between individuals. Phenotypic effects of copy number variation are commonly observed, but effects on sensitivity to volatile anesthetics have not been assessed in any organism.

Methods
The potency with which halothane depresses the righting reflex of fruit flies was measured in congenic Drosophila strains, each of which was heterozygous for a deletion of average size 400 kb. Over 200 strains were examined, thereby scanning approximately half of the fly genome.

Results
Although the vast majority of deletion heterozygotes were indistinguishable from the control, eight had significantly altered sensitivity to halothane. Genetic tests supported the hypothesis that the change in anesthetic sensitivity was the result of reduction in copy number and not adventitious mutations in the strains. Among the eight outliers, the difference in halothane potency ranged from a 25% increase to a 15% decrease. Changes of similar magnitude but distinctive patterns were found when these lines were tested with enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane.

Conclusions
Variation in gene copy number has a significant impact on anesthetic sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster. The level of transcription of a few genes must thus be limiting for a normal response to volatiles. Coupling between gene copy and gene expression is universal, and the components of the fly's nervous system are highly conserved; therefore, this work provides a rationale for investigating the clinical impact of copy number variation.