bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nurses in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tinubu Bolanle MS , Mbada Chidozie E , Oyeyemi Adewale L , Fabunmi Ayodele A 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant occupational problem among nurses; however, data on musculoskeletal health of nurses in Sub-Sahara Africa are sparse. This study sought to determine the lifetime, 12-months period and point prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs); the associated job risk factors and the coping strategies toward reducing the risk among nurses from selected hospitals in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria

Methods
A previously validated self administered questionnaire which sought information on demographics, prevalence and pattern of WMSDs, associated job risk factors and coping strategies was employed as the survey instrument. A total of 160 questionnaires were distributed to nurses in the different hospitals but 128 questionnaires were returned yielding an 80% response rate. 10 of the returned questionnaires were excluded because of incomplete data.

Results
Eighty-four point four percent of the nurses have had WMSDs once or more in their occupational lives. The 12-months period and point prevalence rate of WMSDs at any body region was 78% and 66.1% respectively. WMSDs occurred mostly in low back (44.1%), neck (28.0%), and knees (22.4%). 30.3% treated themselves or had visited other health practitioners for care. Nurses with > 20 years of clinical experience are about 4 times more likely to develop WMSDs (OR 3.81; CI 1.08-13.4) than those with 11-20 years experience. Working in the same positions for long periods (55.1%), lifting or transferring dependent patients (50.8%) and treating an excessive number of patients in one day (44.9%) were the most perceived job risk factors for WMSDs. Getting help in handling heavy patients (50.4%), modification of nursing procedures in order to avoid re-injury (45.4%), and modifying patient's/nurse position (40.3%) were the top three coping strategies.

Conclusions
A high proportion of Nigerian nurses reported WMSDs at some body site in their occupational lives with the low back being injured most often. Education programmes on prevention and coping strategies for musculoskeletal disorders are recommended for nurses in order to reduce the rate of occupational hazards and also promote efficiency in patient care.
Recent advances in the surgical care of breast cancer patients
Authors: Mascaro Alessandra , Farina Massimo , Gigli Raffaella , Vitelli Carlo E , Fortunato Lucio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA tremendous improvement in every aspect of breast cancer management has occurred in the last two decades. Surgeons, once solely interested in the extipartion of the primary tumor, are now faced with the need to incorporate a great deal of information, and to manage increasingly complex tasks.As a comprehensive assessment of all aspects of breast cancer care is beyond the scope of the present paper, the current review will point out some of these innovations, evidence some controversies, and stress the need for the surgeon to specialize in the various aspects of treatment and to be integrated into the multisciplinary breast unit team.
Regeneration and reprogramming compared
Authors: Christen Bea , Robles Vanesa , Raya Marina , Paramonov Ida , Belmonte Juan Carlos Izpisúa 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Dedifferentiation occurs naturally in mature cell types during epimorphic regeneration in fish and some amphibians. Dedifferentiation also occurs in the induction of pluripotent stem cells when a set of transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) is over expressed in mature cell types.

Results
We hypothesised that there are parallels between dedifferentiation or reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells and the natural process of dedifferentiation during epimorphic regeneration. We analysed expression levels of the most commonly used pluripotency associated factors in regenerating and non-regenerating tissue and compared them with levels in a pluripotent reference cell. We found that some of the pluripotency associated factors (oct4/pou5f1, sox2, c-myc, klf4, tert, sall4, zic3, dppa2/4 and fut1, a homologue of ssea1) were expressed before and during regeneration and that at least two of these factors (oct4, sox2) were also required for normal fin regeneration in the zebrafish. However these factors were not upregulated during regeneration as would be expected if blastema cells acquired pluripotency.

Conclusions
By comparing cells from the regeneration blastema with embryonic pluripotent reference cells we found that induced pluripotent stem and blastema cells do not share pluripotency. However, during blastema formation some of the key reprogramming factors are both expressed and are also required for regeneration to take place. We therefore propose a link between partially reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells and the half way state of blastema cells and suggest that a common mechanism might be regulating these two processes.
Access to pain treatment as a human right
Authors: Lohman Diederik , Schleifer Rebecca , Amon Joseph J 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundAlmost five decades ago, governments around the world adopted the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs which, in addition to addressing the control of illicit narcotics, obligated countries to work towards universal access to the narcotic drugs necessary to alleviate pain and suffering. Yet, despite the existence of inexpensive and effective pain relief medicines, tens of millions of people around the world continue to suffer from moderate to severe pain each year without treatment.DiscussionSignificant barriers to effective pain treatment include: the failure of many governments to put in place functioning drug supply systems; the failure to enact policies on pain treatment and palliative care; poor training of healthcare workers; the existence of unnecessarily restrictive drug control regulations and practices; fear among healthcare workers of legal sanctions for legitimate medical practice; and the inflated cost of pain treatment. These barriers can be understood not only as a failure to provide essential medicines and relieve suffering but also as human rights abuses.SummaryAccording to international human rights law, countries have to provide pain treatment medications as part of their core obligations under the right to health; failure to take reasonable steps to ensure that people who suffer pain have access to adequate pain treatment may result in the violation of the obligation to protect against cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment.
An overview of Uganda's mental health care system: results from an assessment using the world health organization's assessment instrument for mental health systems (WHO-AIMS)
Authors: Kigozi Fred , Ssebunnya Joshua , Kizza Dorothy , Cooper Sara , Ndyanabangi Sheila ,   the Mental Health and Poverty Project
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
The Ugandan government recognizes mental health as a serious public health and development concern, and has of recent implemented a number of reforms aimed at strengthening the country's mental health system. The aim of this study was to provide a profile of the current mental health policy, legislation and services in Uganda.

Methods
A survey was conducted of public sector mental health policy and legislation, and service resources and utilisation in Uganda, in the year 2005, using the World Health Organization's Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS) Version 2.2.

Results
Uganda's draft mental health policy encompasses many positive reforms, including decentralization and integration of mental health services into Primary Health Care (PHC). The mental health legislation is however outdated and offensive. Services are still significantly underfunded (with only 1% of the health expenditure going to mental health), and skewed towards urban areas. Per 100,000 population, there were 1.83 beds in mental hospitals, 1.4 beds in community based psychiatric inpatient units, and 0.42 beds in forensic facilities. The total personnel working in mental health facilities were 310 (1.13 per 100,000 population). Only 0.8% of the medical doctors and 4% of the nurses had specialized in psychiatry.

Conclusion
Although there have been important developments in Uganda's mental health policy and services, there remains a number of shortcomings, especially in terms of resources and service delivery. There is an urgent need for more research on the current burden of mental disorders and the functioning of mental health programs and services in Uganda.
NKAML: A Pilot Study to Determine the Safety and Feasibility of Haploidentical Natural Killer Cell Transplantation in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Inaba Hiroto , Ribeiro Raul C. , Pounds Stanley , Rooney Barbara , Bell Teresa , Pui Ching-Hon , Leung Wing 
Published: January 2010

Purpose To conduct a pilot study to determine the safety, feasibility, and engraftment of haploidentical natural killer (NK) cell infusions after an immunosuppressive regimen in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients and Methods Ten patients (0.7 to 21 years old) who had completed chemotherapy and were in first complete remission of AML were enrolled on the Pilot Study of Haploidentical Natural Killer Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (NKAML) study. They received cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg on day −7) and fludarabine (25 mg/m2/d on days −6 through −2), followed by killer immunoglobulin-like receptor–human leukocyte antigen (KIR-HLA) mismatched NK cells (median, 29 × 106/kg NK cells) and six doses of interleukin-2 (1 million U/m2). NK cell chimerism, phenotyping, and functional assays were performed on days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation. Results All patients had transient engraftment for a median of 10 days (range, 2 to 189 days) and a significant expansion of KIR-mismatched NK cells (median, 5,800/mL of blood on day 14). Nonhematologic toxicity was limited, with no graft-versus-host disease. Median length of hospitalization was 2 days. With a median follow-up time of 964 days (range, 569 to 1,162 days), all patients remain in remission. The 2-year event-free survival estimate was 100% (95% CI, 63.1% to 100%). Conclusion Low-dose immunosuppression followed by donor-recipient inhibitory KIR-HLA mismatched NK cells is well tolerated by patients and results in successful engraftment. We propose to further investigate the efficacy of KIR-mismatched NK cells in a phase II trial as consolidation therapy to decrease relapse without increasing mortality in children with AML.
Single Cycle of Arsenic Trioxide–Based Consolidation Chemotherapy Spares Anthracycline Exposure in the Primary Management of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Gore Steven D. , Gojo Ivana , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Morris Lawrence , Devetten Marcel , Jamieson Katarzyna , Redner Robert L. , Arceci Robert , Owoeye Ibitayo , Dauses Tianna , Schachter-Tokarz Esther , Gallagher Robert E. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose Event-free survival following all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) –based therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) averages 70% at 5 years. While arsenic trioxide (ATO) can induce remissions in 95% of relapsed patients, few studies have addressed the integration of ATO into the primary management of APL. This study examines the efficacy of a single cycle of ATO-based consolidation therapy in a treatment regimen designed to decrease exposure to other cytotoxic agents. Patients and Methods After induction with ATRA and daunorubicin (DRN), untreated patients with APL received 3 days of cytarabine and DRN followed by 30 doses of ATO beginning on day 8. Molecular remitters received 2 years of risk-based maintenance therapy. Results Forty-one of 45 patients receiving induction therapy achieved remission; four patients died (one before treatment was initiated). Thirty-seven patients received consolidation and maintenance; of these one patient relapsed (CNS) and one died in remission during maintenance therapy (hepatic sickle cell crisis). With a median follow-up of 2.7 years, estimated disease-free survival was 90%; overall survival for all patients was 88%. Despite a total anthracycline dose of only 360 mg/m2, cardiac ejection fraction decreased by ≥ 20% in 20% of patients. Conclusion These data, combined with other recent studies using ATO in the primary management of APL, demonstrate the important role that ATO can play in the primary management of this curable disease. Future studies should continue to focus on reducing the toxicity of treatment without increasing the relapse rate.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for the Prevention of Migraines
Authors: Gales Barry J , Bailey Emilee K , Reed Ashley N , Gales Mark A 
Published: January 2010

Objective: To evaluate the literature examining the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for migraine prophylaxis. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1966–October 2009) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were searched using the terms migraine, headache, renina-ngiotensin system, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, aldosterone antagonist, and the individual agents in these classes. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language human clinical trials, case reports, and systematic reviews were evaluated for efficacy and safety data. The references of reviewed articles were examined to identify additional sources. Data Synthesis: Preventative trials evaluating ACE inhibitors consist of a case series, 2 open-label trials, and a placebo-controlled trial. Lisinopril reduced headache hours 20%, headache days 17%, and migraine days 21% versus placebo In the controlled trial (p < 0.06). Clinically significant (>50%) reductions in migraine measures were more common (52–66%) in open-label ACE inhibitor trials than in the controlled (32–36%) trial. Preventive trials evaluating ARBs consist of a meta-analysis, an open-label trial, and 2 placebo-controlled trials. Candesartan reduced headache hours 31%, headache days 26%, and migraine days 28% versus placebo in the first controlled trial (p ≤ 0.001). Telmisartan did not reduce any prespecified primary or secondary outcome measures in the second controlled trial. Clinically significant reductions (>50%) in migraine measures were more common (54–88%) in open-label ARB trials than in the controlled (26–38%) trials. A prescription database review found that ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy halved the use of abortive migraine agents compared to diuretic therapy. Conclusions: ACE inhibitors and ARBs have migraine prophylaxis activity similar to that of some currently utilized agents. Low-dose lisinopril or candesartan may be reasonable second- or third-line agents, particularly in patients with other indications for ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy. Further controlled clinical trials are needed to delineate the role of these agents in migraine prevention.
Integrated and Optimized Approach to Full Field Modeling For an Offshore Gas Field
Authors: Tyagi Vipin , Sinha Shaurya K. , Dasgupta Ayan , Gopinath B 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
An integrated production system model is an important tool for optimizing gas field planning and mitigating risks. It combines reservoir performance, well inflow and outflow, the surface gathering system and the production host into a single model in which operating envelopes and constraints are captured. Using the tool, representative system production forecasts can be generated to test alternative development decisions against a range of reservoir outcomes, allowing optimum solutions to be identified.
This paper describes the integrated production system modeling approach taken during feasibility studies for areally extensive offshore gas field. Examples of the development decisions tested using the model were the type and size of production host, the type and phasing of wells and the flow assurance strategy.
Key learnings were the need to be systematic about data inputs across disciplines, quality assurance of forecast results and understanding the level of refinement of the model and what development decisions it can reliably be used for. Many gas field development decisions are inter-related and the integrated system model serves as a useful tool for alignment and consistency across the project team.
Reservoir Flow Simulation Study for a Sector in Main Pay-South Rumaila Oil Field
Authors: Mohammed W. J. , Al-Jawad M. S. , Al-Shamma D. A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A reservoir simulator called "SimBest II" has been used in the present study. The oil field under study is a sector of South Rumaila oil field/ main pay. The simulator has been used to study the fluid flow in the reservoir and predict the future behavior of the reservoir. SimBest II consists of two parts: Initialization and Simulation. The validity of the model is achieved by comparing its results with historical performance of the reservoir.
The validity of initialization results has been adjusted according to the actual initial oil in place and the initial pressure and water saturation distributions. Also good matching has been adopted in the simulation part according to average reservoir pressure, well pressure, the time of water breakthrough, and the depths of oil-water contact. Three types of contour maps were plotted at the end of simulation time for all layers of the sector under study which are Pressure contour map (isobaric map), Permeability times sand thickness (capacity) contour map, Oil saturation times porosity (hydrocarbon porosity) contour map. These contour maps are the best indicator for determining the trapped oil zone. The treatment method of water influx at the flow boundary that used in the current study is the Carter-Tracy method. This method yields an influx of water that moves across the flow boundaries.
Influence of Relevant Parameters on Hole Cleaning and Pipe String Erosion in Air Drilling
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Lin Yuanhua , Meng Yingfeng , Zhao Sijun , Liu Deping , Faqian Luo 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Air drilling has many advantages over mud drilling in increasing penetration rate, decreasing formation damage, eliminating lost circulation, reducing pressure differential sticking and so on. Hole cleaning and pipe erosion failure are the two key problems for air drilling. Hence proper injecting parameters should not only meet the requirement of carrying cuttings, but also avoid the erosion of drillpipe. For example, if the standpipe pressure was much larger, high-speed air flow with cuttings would cause the erosion of drillpipe and destroy its internal coating, which is the main reason of shorting service time of drillpipe. Other parameters such as drillpipe rotational speed, borehole deviation, eccentricity, cutting size and cutting density also affect the cuttings transportation and pipe erosion. Previous published papers are limited to physical model dimensions and operating parameters, or no exact calculation results due to too many assumptions.
In this paper, a model of gas-solid two-phase flow was built and a new approach to determine the injecting parameters was introduced. Based on the computational fluid dynamics and aerodynamics theory, the flow properties in 311.5mm wellbore, 1500m long, with 127mm drillpipe had been simulated with variable parameters. Then the distributions of pressure, velocity and cuttings volumetric concentration were obtained in drillstring and annulus. By analyzing multi-group calculation results, injecting parameters were optimized to meet the needs of the drilling job. Calculation results coincided well with the actual field data, and had been used to guide air drilling in Da-Wan 3 well, Lao-Jun 1 well, and Qing-Xi 1 well for Chuanqing Drilling and Exploration Corp.
New Completion Methodology to Improve Oil Recovery and Minimize Water Intrusion in Reservoirs Subject to Water Injection
Authors: Sierra Leopoldo , East Loyd , Kulakofsky David 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Water injection during the early stage of a new reservoir’s development is gaining popularity around the world. This is especially true in Saudi Arabia where water injection is used to improve oil recovery and for pressure maintenance by placing short or long horizontal water-injection wells around the reservoir flanks.
For cases where water-injection wells are placed in reservoir flanks, some of the producing wells are perforated transversally oriented to the water-injection wells to improve the oil recovery around the involved areas. For this specific exploitation strategy, there is a potential risk of water channeling from the injector to the producing well toe which, once it happens, might jeopardize recovery efficiency.
For the referenced exploitation strategy, a new completion methodology considering the placement of a fracture barrier at the toe of the producing well to delay water intrusion and improve recovery efficiency is proposed. This paper discusses the process to create the fracture barrier and the benefits of the completion methodology supported with extensive simulations for the different scenarios.
Effect of Acid Type on Initial Response and Sustenance of Production in Acid Fracturing Treatment: A Field Treatment Evaluation
Authors: Sarma Dilip Kumar , Roy Sharmila , Roul Niranjan , Yadav N. , Singhal C. P. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The primary objective of acid fracturing is to generate a conductive flow path between wellbore and reservoir. The factors that governed the effectiveness of acid fracturing treatments are etched fracture penetration and its conductivity. The effective fracture length and its conductivity usually depend on (a) acid convection to the rock surface, b) acid reaction rate and (c) acid leak-off into the reservoir. The etched fracture length is limited by the distance traveled by acid along the fracture. This limit is a greater problem especially in high temperature reservoirs, as the reaction rate is very high with conventional acid systems. Excessive fluid leak-off is another factor that limits fracture extension and etched penetration.
After treatment, the etched non-smooth fracture surfaces leave open pathways, in addition to the wormholes and channels created from the fracture to the formation. The induced fracture tends to close due the effect of in-situ stresses and decline the conductivity. Factors that contribute to the reduction in fracture conductivity upon completion of an acid fracturing treatment are (a) elastic response, (b) compressive failure of the asperities and (c) creeping effect. Therefore, in most of the cases, the initial response of acid fracturing treatment is highly encouraging. However, the sustenance of production may not be adequate because of either insufficient extension of fracture or closure of fractures under the effect of in-situ stresses. Type of acid and treatment methodologies viz. injection rate, leak-off control measures etc. are having significant impact on success of treatments.
To address the issues, different combinations of acid systems were applied in various low producer wells in a tight carbonate reservoir of an offshore field. This paper will present the treatment design, methodology and impact of various acid systems on effectiveness of acid fracturing treatments from field application results.