bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential and Opportunities of Waste Biomass Valorization Toward Sustainable Biomethane Production
Authors: K Akshaya , Selvasembian Rangabhashiyam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe increasing global population has led to a surge in waste production across various fields including agriculture, industry, marine, and household, posing significant waste management challenges. Concurrently, the world is facing an energy crisis, emphasizing the crucial need for sustainable and renewable energy sources. This comprehensive review examines the potential of biomethane production from diverse waste biomass. Feedstock characteristics; anaerobic digestion (AD); biochemical pathways; factors influencing AD; various pretreatment methods such as physical, chemical, biological, and combined; existing policies supporting biomethane production; and potential new policy implications are discussed in this review along with the significance of waste‐to‐energy integration. Our findings indicate that lignocellulosic wastes, primarily agricultural waste, stand out as the most efficient biomass source for biomethane production due to their characteristics such as high carbon/nitrogen ratio, low ash content, and their abundant availability. Among pretreatment methods, combined pretreatment emerges as the most promising option, offering flexibility and effectiveness in enhancing biomethane production. Additionally, the two‐stage digester configuration proves advantageous in overcoming limitations associated with single‐stage digesters such as pH inhibition. Altogether, the review highlights that biomethane production from waste biomass through AD offers a sustainable solution.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement with LuX‐valve device: Overview of key echocardiographic considerations
Authors: Wei Xin , Li Xi , Liang Yujia , Chen Fei , Zhao Zhengang , Feng Yuan , Chen Mao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTricuspid regurgitation is a common valve disease with high incidence and poor prognosis. For elderly patients and those with a history of open heart surgery, second thoracotomy and valve replacement carry a high risk. Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR) has become an alternative treatment for patients with high surgical risk. LuX‐Valve is a novel self‐expandable valve that does not rely on radial force to anchor the valve annulus. The preliminary results have been satisfactory, and this technology is gradually being adopted in China and around the world. Successful implementation of this technique depends on echocardiographic preoperative screening, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative follow‐up. The purpose of this article is to provide a state‐of‐the‐art review of the key points and technical considerations for preoperative screening, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative follow‐up for TTVR.
Afferent loop syndrome 7‐years post Roux‐en‐Y gastrojejunostomy: An often‐forgotten pancreatitis cause. A case report
Authors: Nguyen Vivien , Sivasuthan Goutham 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageAfferent loop syndrome is a rare post‐operative complication following upper gastrointestinal bypass surgeries, usually occurring within the first two weeks post‐operation. This case report, however, outlines afferent loop syndrome almost a decade post‐surgery, which was managed conservatively. A 54‐year‐old woman presented with a few days' history of epigastric pain, vomiting, and constipation. She had undergone a sleeve gastrectomy and was converted to a Roux‐en‐Y gastrojejunostomy for weight loss 9 and 7 years ago, respectively. Serum lipase was elevated at 1410 IU/L. Computed tomography showed high‐grade proximal small bowel obstruction, involving the efferent and afferent loops of the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass. The patient was given intravenous rehydration, electrolyte replacement and had a nasogastric tube inserted. She was discharged on day 5 of admission without significant sequelae. Afferent limb syndrome should be considered in patients with altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy who present with pancreatitis, regardless of the time period post‐operatively. Future guidelines should further more outline the factors indicated for surgical versus conservative management.
Intracardiac echocardiography guided simultaneous atrial fibrillation ablation and Micra implantation 14 days after Watchman FLX implantation
Authors: Chatani Ryuki , Tasaka Hiroshi , Kubo Shunsuke , Yoshida Kenta , Yoshino Mitsuru , Maruo Takeshi , Kadota Kazushige 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageAtrial fibrillation ablation, including pulmonary vein isolation immediately after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC), is a rare and challenging issue. Intracardiac echocardiography guidance can help identify the LAAC device position for safe atrial fibrillation ablation without LAAC device‐related adverse events even immediately after LAAC device implantation.AbstractEarly phase atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is a rare and challenging issue. Here, we present a case illustrating the feasibility of AF ablation under intracardiac echocardiography guidance immediately after LAAC device implantation without LAAC device‐related adverse events.
Extraordinary linear non‐enhancing brainstem leptomeningeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Tan Zhibin , Lin Shawn Zhi Zheng , Li Yihan , Kheok Si Wei 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageIn patients with lung adenocarcinoma, angiogenesis‐altering drugs can alter the appearance of leptomeningeal metastasis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In the ventral brainstem, this can manifest as a unique, linear, non‐enhancing T2‐hyperintense signal.
Agronomic and economic productivity of summer annual forage systems under different poultry litter application methods
Authors: Meyer IvaNelle , Popp Michael P. , Nieman Christin C. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Owens Phillip R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPoultry litter (litter) is a nutrient dense fertilizer that increases nutritive value and yield in pastures in the mid‐southern US. Nutrient losses due to runoff and nitrogen volatilization are common when broadcasting litter. As such, incorporating litter below the soil surface (subsurface) was evaluated in comparison to broadcasting in 2021 and 2022 by quantifying yield and nutritive value of annual forages. The study was a randomized complete block design with three forage treatments—sorghum‐sudangrass only (Sorghum bicolor L.), cowpea only (Vigna unguiculata L.), and their mixture, and three litter application methods (broadcast, subsurface, and a no litter control). Litter was applied in 2021 only as biennial application is common to save on application cost. Nutritive analyses included neutral detergent fiber and crude protein (CP). Partial budgeting led to relative profitability estimates by accounting for yield and cost differences across treatments. In comparison to the second‐highest yielding forage mixture, sorghum‐sudangrass yielded 4.5%–18.4% more regardless of litter application method. The forage mixture did not improve forage nutritive value, as cowpea were vastly outcompeted and did not average more than 5% of the total forage harvested in mixtures. Cowpea yields did not benefit from litter application. Subsurface application resulted in 8%–10% greater CP content compared to no litter and broadcast litter, respectively, across all forage species. Sorghum‐sudangrass with subsurface applied litter earned nearly $70/acre more than sorghum‐sudangrass with broadcast litter, the next highest treatment combination, and, with lesser nutrient loss.
Crystalline CdS/Amorphous Cd(OH)2 Composite for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO in a Wide Potential Window
Authors: Hua Zhixin , Qi Kongsheng , Mi Yulan , Zhao Yuhua , Wu Xinjie , Guo Weiwei , Wan Xiaoqi , Fan Zixi , Yang Dexin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising method for converting atmospheric CO2 into valuable low‐carbon chemicals. In this study, a crystalline cadmium sulfide/amorphous cadmium hydroxide composite was successfully deposited on the carbon paper substrate surface by in‐situ chemical bath deposition (named as c‐CdS/a‐Cd(OH)2/CP electrodes) for the efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to produce CO. The c‐CdS/a‐Cd(OH)2/CP electrode exhibited high CO Faradaic efficiencies (>90 %) under a wide potential window of 1.0 V, with the highest value reaching ~100 % at the applied potential ranging from −2.16 V to −2.46 V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+), superior to the crystalline counterpart c‐CdS/CP and c‐CdS/c‐Cd(OH)2@CP electrodes. Meanwhile, the CO partial current density reached up to 154.7 mA cm−2 at −2.76 V vs. Fc/Fc+ on the c‐CdS/a‐Cd(OH)2/CP electrode. The excellent performance of this electrode was mainly ascribed to its special three‐dimensional structure and the introduction of a‐Cd(OH)2. These structures could provide more active sites, accelerate the charge transfer, and enhance adsorption of *COOH intermediates, thereby improving the CO selectivity. Moreover, the electrolytes consisting of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and acetonitrile also enhanced the reaction kinetics of electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO.
Chiral Diselenophosphoric Acids for Ion Pair Catalysis: A Novel Approach to Enhance Both Proton Donating and Proton Accepting Properties
Authors: Eder Johannes , Antonov Alexander S. , Tupikina Elena Yu. , Gschwind Ruth M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe activation of poorly reactive substrates via strong chiral acids is a central topic in asymmetric ion pair catalysis these days. Despite highly successful scaffolds such as N‐triflylphosphoramides, these catalysts either lack C2‐symmetry or provide multiple H‐bond acceptor sites, leading to lower ee values for certain reactions. We present BINOL‐based diselenophosphoric acids (DSA) as an extremely promising alternative. Using an intertwined approach of synthesis and NMR studies, we developed a synthetic approach to DSA with up to 98 % NMR yield. The obtained acids provide both very high proton donor and proton acceptor properties, a bifunctionality, which is key to catalytic applications. Indeed, first reactivity test proved the much higher acidity of DSA and its ability to initiate Mukaiyama–Mannich reaction and protodesilylation of silyl ethers. Together with their C2‐symmetry, the single donor and single acceptor situation, the decreased tendency of self‐association, and the straightforward synthesis with potential 3,3’‐substitution, the DSA provide all features ideal for the further development of ion pair catalysis.
Effect of Hepatic and Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Dersimelagon (MT‐7117), an Oral Melanocortin‐1 Receptor Agonist
Authors: Ogasawara Akihito , Ide Ryosuke , Inoue Shinsuke , Teng Renli , Kawaguchi Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDersimelagon is an orally administered selective melanocortin‐1 receptor agonist being investigated for treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria, X‐linked protoporphyria, and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Dersimelagon is extensively metabolized in the liver, and potential recipients may have liver dysfunction. Further, effects of renal impairment on pharmacokinetic properties should be established in drugs intended for chronic use. Two separate studies (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04116476; NCT04656795) evaluated the effects of hepatic and renal impairment on dersimelagon pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability. Participants with mild (n = 7) or moderate (n = 8) hepatic impairment or normal hepatic function (n = 8) received a single oral 100‐mg dersimelagon dose. Participants with mild (n = 8), moderate (n = 8), or severe (n = 8) renal impairment or normal renal function (n = 8) received a single 300‐mg dose. Systemic exposure to dersimelagon was comparable with mild hepatic impairment but higher with moderate hepatic impairment (maximum observed plasma concentration, 1.56‐fold higher; area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity, 1.70‐fold higher) compared with normal hepatic function. Maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity were similar with moderate renal impairment but higher with mild (1.86‐ and 1.87‐fold higher, respectively) and severe (1.17‐ and 1.45‐fold higher, respectively) renal impairment versus normal renal function. Dersimelagon was generally well tolerated.
waLBerla‐wind: A lattice‐Boltzmann‐based high‐performance flow solver for wind energy applications
Authors: Schottenhamml Helen , Anciaux Sedrakian Ani , Blondel Frédéric , Köstler Harald , Rüde Ulrich 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis article presents the development of a new wind turbine simulation software to study wake flow physics. To this end, the design and development of waLBerla‐wind, a new simulator based on the lattice‐Boltzmann method that is known for its excellent performance and scaling properties, will be presented. Here it will be used for large eddy simulations (LES) coupled with actuator wind turbine models. Due to its modular software design, waLBerla‐wind is flexible and extensible with regard to turbine configurations. Additionally it is performance portable across different hardware architectures, another critical design goal. The new solver is validated by presenting force distributions and velocity profiles and comparing them with experimental data and a vortex solver. Furthermore, waLBerla‐wind's performance is compared to a theoretical peak performance, and analyzed with weak and strong scaling benchmarks on CPU and GPU systems. This analysis demonstrates the suitability for large‐scale applications and future cost‐effective full wind farm simulations.
Seeing what you want: How goal‐oriented descriptions of the status quo alter outcomes in ethno‐territorial conflict bargaining experiments
Authors: Horowitz Shale 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn conflict bargaining models, variation in initial conditions is expected to have a significant impact. Better initial conditions should make the status quo more acceptable and likely to persist, and worse initial conditions should make crisis and conflict more likely. At the same time, players' preferences over the different possible bargaining outcomes are expected to influence perceptions of initial conditions. We use conflict bargaining experiments in ethno‐territorial conflict settings—in which participants are asked to advise leaders—to investigate these relationships. First, we find that variation in leaders' nationalist preferences indeed affects perception of initial conditions. Next, preference‐influenced, goal‐oriented descriptions reduce the effect of variation in initial conditions by making factually better initial conditions seem more similar to factually worse ones. As a result, the conflict‐reducing effects of better initial conditions are weakened. In addition, and perhaps counter‐intuitively, those advising moderate nationalists react more confrontationally to goal‐oriented descriptions of initial conditions than those advising extreme nationalists. The main policy implication is that, as a general rule, more factual, less goal‐oriented description of initial conditions is likely to improve conflict outcomes.
Hydroformylation of Olefins with CO2/H2 and Hydrosilane by Copper/Cobalt Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Wu An‐Guo , Ding Jie , Zhao Lan , Li Hong‐Ru , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA Cu/Co tandem catalysis protocol was developed to conduct the hydroformylation of olefins using CO2/H2 and PMHS (polymethylhydrosiloxane) as a readily available and environmentally friendly hydride source. This methodology was performed via a two‐step approach consisting of the copper‐catalyzed reduction of CO2 by hydrosilane and subsequent cobalt‐promoted hydroformylation with H2 and the in situ formed CO. The optimized triphos oxide ligand, which presumably facilitates the migratory insertion of CO gives moderate to excellent yields for both terminal and internal alkenes. This earth‐abundant metal catalysis provides a reliable and efficient way to afford useful aldehydes in industry using silicon by‐product PMHS as hydrogen source and renewable CO2 as carbonyl source.
Explaining empirical dynamic modelling using verbal, graphical and mathematical approaches
Authors: Edwards Andrew M. , Rogers Luke A. , Holt Carrie A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmpirical dynamic modelling (EDM) is becoming an increasingly popular method for understanding the dynamics of ecosystems. It has been applied to laboratory, terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, used to forecast natural populations and has addressed fundamental ecological questions. Despite its increasing use, we have not found full explanations of EDM in the ecological literature, limiting understanding and reproducibility. Here we expand upon existing work by providing a detailed introduction to EDM. We use three progressively more complex approaches. A short verbal explanation of EDM is then explicitly demonstrated by graphically working through a simple example. We then introduce a full mathematical description of the steps involved. Conceptually, EDM translates a time series of data into a path through a multi‐dimensional space, whose axes are lagged values of the time series. A time step is chosen from which to make a prediction. The state of the system at that time step corresponds to a ‘focal point’ in the multi‐dimensional space. The set (called the library) of candidate nearest neighbours to the focal point is constructed, to determine the nearest neighbours that are then used to make the prediction. Our mathematical explanation explicitly documents which points in the multi‐dimensional space should not be considered as focal points. We suggest a new option for excluding points from the library that may be useful for short‐term time series that are often found in ecology. We focus on the core simplex and S‐map algorithms of EDM. Our new R package, pbsEDM, enhances understanding (by outputting intermediate calculations), reproduces our results and can be applied to new data. Our work improves the clarity of the inner workings of EDM, a prerequisite for EDM to reach its full potential in ecology and have wide uptake in the provision of advice to managers of natural resources.
Synthesis and Ring‐Closing Reactions of Aminocyclohexane Derivatives Bearing Unsaturated Side Chains at C2: Stereocontrolled Approaches to cis‐ and trans‐Fused Perhydro‐indoles and ‐quinolines
Authors: Xing Xingxing , He Yu‐Tao , Song Jian‐Guo , Lan Ping , White Lorenzo V. , Tan Shen , Pham Le Nhan , Coote Michelle L. , Wu Xin , Banwell Martin G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo epimeric pairs of N‐Ts‐protected cyclohexylamines that incorporate an unsaturated side‐chain at the C2 position have been prepared. Contrary to expectations, none of these underwent clean, photochemically‐induced intramolecular hydroamination reactions to give the corresponding perhydro‐indole or ‐quinoline. However, they did participate in efficient olefin cross metathesis (OCM) reactions with methyl crotonate. Three of the four acrylates so‐formed engaged in base‐promoted and completely diastereoselective, intramolecular aza‐Michael addition (cyclization) reactions to give the isomeric and C2‐substituted perhydro‐indoles or ‐quinolines with the structures of these being confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. DFT calculations generated results consistent with the observed diastereoselectivities and the proposed transition states. Manipulation of the ester groups associated with the cyclization products allowed for their conversion, inter alia, into the corresponding n‐propyl residues and thus providing novel analogues of neurotoxic alkaloids such as pumiliotoxin C.
Preventing columnar grains growth during hybrid wire arc additive manufacturing of austenitic stainless steel 316L
Authors: Albannai Abdulaziz I. , León‐Henao Henry , Ramirez Antonio J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is an efficient technique for producing medium to large‐size components, due to its accessibility and sustainability in fabricating large‐scale parts with high deposition rates, employing low‐cost and simple equipment, and achieving high material efficiency. Consequently, WAAM has garnered attention across various industrial sectors and experienced significant growth, particularly over the last decade, as it addresses and mitigates challenges within production markets. One of the primary limitations of WAAM is its thermal history during the process, which directly influences grain formation and microstructure heterogeneity in the resulting part. Understanding the thermal cycle of the WAAM process is thus crucial for process improvement. Typically, fabricating a part using WAAM results in a microstructure with three distinct zones along the build direction: an upper zone (thin surface layer) with fine grains, a middle zone dominated by undesirably long and large columnar grains covering more than 90% of the produced part, and a lower zone with smaller to intermediate columnar grains closer to the substrate material. These zones arise from variations in cooling rates, with the middle zone exhibiting the lowest cooling rate due to 2D conduction heat transfer. Consequently, producing a component with a microstructure comprising three different zones, with a high fraction of large and long columnar grains, significantly impacts the final mechanical properties. Therefore, controlling the size and formation of these grain zones plays a key role in improving WAAM. The aim of this work is to investigate the formation of undesired columnar grains in austenitic stainless steel 316L during WAAM and propose a simple hybrid technique by combining WAAM with a hot forging process (with or without interlayer cooling time). This approach targets the disruption of the solidification pattern of columnar grain growth during deposition progression and aims to enhance the microstructure of WAAM components.
Hysteretic behavior of the segmented buckling‐resistant braces with LYP160
Authors: Xu Shuai , Hu Yuanhong , Yin Yuchao , Guo Chengxin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe goal was to evaluate the hysteretic performance of buckling‐resistant braces with low yield point steel LYP160, the monotonic tensile and cyclic loading tests of LYP160 test specimens were conducted and the cyclic constitutive relationship was obtained. According to the load–displacement curves of the specimens, the low‐yield point steel was characterized by good ductility and energy absorption ability. With consideration of the Chaboche model for the materials, the cyclic hardening parameters of low‐yield point steel were obtained. On this basis, the hysteretic properties of buckling‐resistant braces under cyclic loads were simulated and analyzed. After the analysis and comparison of buckling‐resistant braces specimens with isotropic core plate and segmented variable section core plate, it can be found that: when the conventional buckling‐resistant braces with an isotropic core plate were loaded to L/100, the lateral deformation of the buckling‐resistant brace (BRB) would reach 17 mm. Additionally, serious squeezing could be observed on the lateral restraining members. The conventional BRB would become ineffective due to the accumulation of deformation at both ends of the BRB. When the segmented buckling‐resistant brace was applied, the core plate with variable section would buckle first in the middle area, other parts could continue to consume energy thanks to the action of the limit plate. It would avoid the situation that other areas would be unable to consume energy after the core plate yields at one area first. Under the action of cyclic loads, no stiffness degradation was noted in the segmented buckling‐resistant brace. Segmented buckling‐resistant braces demonstrated superior ductility and energy dissipation capacity.