bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Change in Celadonite and Cis-Vacant Illite by Electron Radiation in Tem
Authors: Kogure Toshihiro , Drits Victor A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHigh-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of two dioctahedral micas, celadonite and cis-vacant (cv) illite, were examined in detail to understand the effects of electron radiation on their structures during image acquisition. Celadonite, a dioctahedral mica with Fe and Mg as major octahedral cations, originally has a trans-vacant (tv) octahedral sheet but the contrast in the highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images indicates a different cation distribution in the sheet. Furthermore, the β angle for the 1M polytype derived from the HRTEM images is ~98.5º, which is considerably smaller than that (~100.5º) reported for celadonite. In previous works, cation migration from the tv to cv-like configurations and a decrease in the β angle after dehydroxylation of celadonite/ glauconite by heating were reported. The same phenomenon, dehydroxylation and subsequent cation migration, probably occurs by electron radiation in TEM. However, the new cation-distribution models derived from HRTEM images along the [100] and [110] directions are not in agreement. On the other hand, the contrast in a number of HRTEM images from an illite specimen in which cv-illite is dominant is the same as that for the tv-dioctahedral layer. This result is also interpreted as cation migration accompanied by dehydroxylation in TEM, as reported in heated cv-illite. The increased β angle (~102.5º) from that in the natural state (101.5º) estimated from the HRTEM images also supports this interpretation. This phenomenon is a large obstacle to the investigation of phyllosilicates containing Al-rich cv and Mg,Fe-rich tv 2:1 layers, using HRTEM.
Unresolved Issues Regarding Homework Assignments in Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies: An Expert Panel Discussion at AACBT
Authors: Kazantzis Nikolaos , Arntz Arnoud R. , Borkovec Thomas , Holmes Emily A. , Wade Tracey 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article presents a panel discussion on the integration of homework assignments into cognitive behaviour therapy sessions. The panel comprised experts in research and practice who had been invited as keynote presenters for the 32nd National Conference for the Australian Association of Cognitive and Behaviour Therapy. Experts responded to questions about the definition of homework, the mechanism by which homework produces its effects, and the relative importance of homework adherence for effective therapy. Interwoven through the discussion was an emphasis on a collaborative approach to homework, as well as specific recommendations for the integration of homework into sessions. Selected case illustrations were also discussed.
Relapse Prevention: A Critique and Proposed Reconceptualisation
Authors: Thakker Jo , Ward Tony 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRelapse prevention (RP) plays a significant role in current treatments and post-treatment approaches to substance abuse problems. It is also widely used in a number of other problem areas, including other addictive behaviours and sexual offending. The widespread use of RP in various fields is due to both its clearly articulated theoretical basis, which has significant face validity, and its transferability into clinical practice. Also, there is a growing (though arguably still modest) body of empirical evidence that demonstrates its efficacy in a range of therapeutic contexts. However, arguably, in terms of both the theoretical underpinnings and the practical application of RP there is room for improvement. This article hypothesises that one of the key weaknesses of RP is that it takes a generally unconstructive approach to the therapeutic process through the use of negative concepts and avoidance goals. It is suggested that a ‘good lives’ framework of psychological wellbeing can provide a means of remedying these weaknesses of the traditional RP model. It is argued that a good lives framework can lead to a more optimistic approach to the prevention of relapse among individuals with substance use problems.
Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Distressing Hallucination-Like Experiences in a Nonclinical Sample
Authors: Langer Álvaro I. , Cangas Adolfo J. , Gallego José 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe presence of psychotic-like experiences in the general population has been amply reported. Nevertheless, the degree of concern or anxiety that such experiences may generate is an aspect that has not received as much appraisal. In this sense, mindfulness is an approach to intervention based on the modification of the individual's relationship with the symptoms, instead of their elimination. The goal of the present study is to compare the effect of mindfulness training on distressing hallucination-like experiences. Eighteen participants were assigned to the experimental group, and they received 8 sessions of mindfulness training; 20 participants were assigned to a control group that viewed 8 sessions of a video forum. The results showed that upon completing the mindfulness training, there was a significant and large effect on the decrease of anxiety caused by hallucination-like experiences. These results were maintained at the 16-week follow-up. The repercussions of these results are underlined.
Incorporating Feminist Standpoint Theory
Authors: Ahlström Kristoffer 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:
As has been noted by Alvin Goldman, there are some very interesting similarities between his Veritistic Social Epistemology (VSE) and Sandra Harding's Feminist Standpoint Theory (FST). In the present paper, it is argued that these similarities are so significant as to motivate an incorporation of FST into VSE, considering that (i) a substantial common ground can be found; (ii) the claims that go beyond this common ground are logically compatible; and (Hi) the generality of VSE not only does justice to the inclusive ambition of FST, but even solves a well-discussed problem for the latter.
Contractualist Account of Reasons for Being Moral Defended
Authors: Suikkanen Jussi 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
I will begin this paper by identifying the problem within the theory of ethics, which contractualism as a moral theory is attempting to address. It is not that of solving the problem of moral motivation like the ‘arch-contractualist’, Thomas Scanlon, often claims, but rather that of describing a class of fundamental moral reasons – contractualist reasons for short. In the second section, I will defend the contractualist idea of how the nature of these moral reasons provides us with sufficient, independent tools to construct the content of public moral principles. The rest of my paper is defensive. It addresses the main challenges set to the contractualist account of moral reasons. In the third section, I will discuss a frequent objection according to which the contractualist reasons are a redundant addition to the space of moral reasons. In the fourth section, I will examine the worry that acting from these reasons would not lead to morally admirable action but rather to vice. In the last section, I will investigate the criticism according to which the normative force of the contractualist reasons is insufficient for rationalising our moral actions in certain difficult circumstances. In this section, we get to the heart of the matter – what the reasons contractualism describes truly are, and how they can explain the generally overriding strength of our moral requirements. I hope to conclude that even after these serious challenges contractualism remains a philosophically viable account of morality's rationalistic appeal.
Isolation of Tracheal Aspirate Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Predicts Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Popova Antonia P. , Bozyk Paul D. , Bentley J. Kelley , Linn Marisa J. , Goldsmith Adam M. , Schumacher Robert E. , Weiner Gary M. , Filbrun Amy G. , Hershenson Marc B. 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND:
We have isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from tracheal aspirates of premature infants with respiratory distress. Under the influence of transforming growth factor β, MSCs differentiate into α-smooth-muscle actin–expressing myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts are increased in the lungs of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurely born infants.

OBJECTIVE:
We tested whether isolation of MSCs from tracheal aspirates of premature infants with respiratory distress during the first week of life correlates with BPD.

METHODS:
Eighty-four infants born at a gestational age of &lt;33 weeks and requiring mechanical ventilation were studied. Aspirates were collected during suctioning and centrifuged. Cell pellets were resuspended in culture medium and plated. Adherent cells were grown to confluence.

RESULTS:
MSCs were isolated from the tracheal aspirates of 56 infants; 28 aspirate samples showed no MSCs. There was no statistical difference in gestational age or birth weight between the MSC and no-MSC groups. In the MSC group, 12 infants died and 25 developed BPD, as defined by a requirement for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. In the no-MSC group, 6 infants died and 1 developed BPD. Accounting for potential influences of gender, birth weight, gestational age, number of tracheal aspirate samples taken, and the duration of endotracheal intubation (up to 7 days), isolation of MSCs increased the adjusted odds ratio of BPD more than 21-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.82–265.85).

CONCLUSIONS:
Isolation of tracheal aspirate MSCs predicts the development of BPD, which suggests that MSCs play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Evidence for an Association Between Infant Mortality and a Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A Genetic Variant
Authors: Gessner Bradford D. , Gillingham Melanie B. , Birch Stephanie , Wood Thalia , Koeller David M. 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Alaska Native and other circumpolar indigenous populations have historically experienced high infant mortality rates, for unknown reasons. Through routine newborn screening, Alaskan and Canadian indigenous infants have been found to have a high frequency of a single sequence variant (c.1436C→T) in the gene coding for carnitine palmitoyltransferase type 1A (CPT1A). We sought to determine whether these 2 findings were related.

METHODS:
As part of a quality control exercise at the Alaskan Newborn Metabolic Screening Program, we conducted genotyping for 616 consecutively born, Alaska Native infants and reviewed their medical records. We conducted an ecological analysis comparing Census area–level variant CPT1A allele frequency and historical Alaska Native infant, postneonatal, and neonatal mortality rates.

RESULTS:
Infant death was identified for 5 of 152 infants homozygous for the c.1436C→T sequence variant (33 deaths per 1000 live births), 2 of 219 heterozygous infants (9 deaths per 1000 live births), and 0 of 245 infants carrying no copies of the variant allele (χ2 = 9.2; P = .01). All 7 cases of infant death had some evidence of an infectious process at the time of death, including 5 with respiratory infections. Census areas with the highest frequency of the variant allele had the highest historical infant, postneonatal, and neonatal mortality rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data provide preliminary evidence that a highly prevalent CPT1A variant found among Alaska Native and other indigenous circumpolar populations may help explain historically high infant mortality rates. Larger definitive studies are needed.
Pressure Studies for 1111 and 11 Type Iron-based Superconductors
Authors: Takahashi Hiroki , Okada Hironari , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kamihara Yoichi , Matsuishi Satoru , Hirano Masahiro , Hosono Hideo , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu , Takano Yoshihiko 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the recent development of the studies in iron-based superconductors, high-pressure experiments have been played an important role. Large enhancement of Tc with applying pressure and pressure-induced superconductivity were reported in LaFeAsO1-xFx. In this work, electrical, magnetic and structural measurements on 1111 type Ca(Fe1-xCox)AsF and 11 type Fe(Se1-xTex)0.92 under high pressure have been performed. For Ca(Fe1-xCox)AsF, the substitution of Co suppressed the magnetic and structural transitions and raised superconductivity. Pressure-induced superconductivity was observed for x = 0.0 and 0.05. The highest Tc was obtained in parent compound under high pressure, in contrast to LaFeAsO1-xFx. These results suggest that the substitution of Co increases carrier concentration and induces disorder in the FeAs superconducting layer. For FeTe0.92, pressure-induced superconductivity was not detected under high pressure up to 19 GPa, although the resistive anomaly due to the structural and magnetic phase transition was suppressed by applying pressure.
Optimization of Ion Assist Beam Deposition of Magnesium Oxide Template Films During Initial Nucleation and Growth
Authors: Groves James , Hammond Robert , Matias Vladimir , Stan Liliana , DePaula Raymond F , Clemens Bruce M 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecent efforts in investigating the mechanism of ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of biaxially textured thin films of magnesium oxide (MgO) template layers have shown that the texture develops suddenly during the initial 2 nm of deposition. To help understand and tune the behavior during this initial stage, we pre-deposited thin layers of MgO with no ion assist prior to IBAD growth of MgO. We found that biaxial texture develops for pre-deposited thicknesses < 2 nm, and that the thinnest layer tested, at 1 nm, resulted in the best qualitative RHEED image, indicative of good biaxial texture development. The texture developed during IBAD growth on the 1.5 nm pre-deposited layer is slightly worse and IBAD growth on the 2 nm pre-deposited layer produces a fiber texture. Application of these layers on an Al2O3 starting surface, which has been shown to impede texture development, improves the overall quality of the IBAD MgO and has some of the characteristics of a biaxially texture RHEED pattern. It is suggested that the use of thin (<2 nm) pre-deposited layers may eliminate the need for bed layers like Si3N4 and Y2O3 that are currently thought to be required for proper biaxial texture development in IBAD MgO.
Halogen Based Surface Chemistries for Graphene Synthesis
Authors: Raghavan Srikanth , Nelson Timothy C. , Denig Tobias , Stinespring C D 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHalogen based (CF4 and Cl2) inductively coupled reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) has been used to selectively etch silicon from 6H-SiC to produce a controlled number of carbon layers. After annealing at temperatures in the range of 550 °C to 1100 °C to reconstruct the near surface layers, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to characterize the composition of the films. For the Cl2 based ICP-RIE, two carbon species are observed. One is due to carbon bound as SiC in the substrate and a second which can be attributed to graphene. In the case of CF4 based etching the situation is similar except the second peak is most closely aligned with p-type graphene. This is most likely due to electron transfer from the graphene to the trace levels of fluorine remaining on the surface after annealing.
Nanomachining Graphene with Ion Irradiation
Authors: Kotakoski Jani , Lehtinen Ossi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present molecular dynamics simulations using both empirical potentials (EP) and density functional theory (DFT) on ion irradiation of graphene. The comparison between the two methods shows that EP gives not only qualitatively but also quantitatively reasonable estimates of defect production during ion irradiation in carbon nanosystems. Ion irradiation is shown to give rise to a range of interesting defects e.g. single, double and triple vacancies, bond rotations, close-by Frenkel pairs and more complex defect structures. We show that the creation of these defects is related to the atomic processes upon the ion impact, and define the critical irradiation angles both for maximum damage and no penetration as a function of the ion mass.
Charge Carrier Transport in the Bulk and at the Surface of Nanoparticles: A Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Friedrich Dennis , Kunst Marinus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell is presented, where the conventional liquid electrolyte is replaced by an electrolyte film, reaching a solar light-to-current conversion efficiency of 3%. Contactless transient photoconductance measurements were performed, revealing decay behavior of photoinduced charge carriers, dependent on external applied potential conditions. The measurements show that the decay is controlled by the injection of electrons into the front contact, hindered or enhanced by the field in the space charge region.
Hall Effect of Solution-crystallized and Vapor-deposited 2,7-Dioctylbenzothieno[3,2-b]Benzothiophene Field-effect Transistors
Authors: Yamagishi Masakazu , Uemura Takafumi , Takatsuki Yuichi , Soeda Junshi , Okada Yugo , Hirose Yuri , Nakazawa Yasuhiro , Shinamura Shoji , Takimiya K. , Takeya Jun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGate-voltage dependent Hall coefficient RH is measured in high-mobility field-effect transistors of solution-crystallized and vapor-deposited 2,7-dioctylbenzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene. The value of RH evolves with density of accumulated charge Q, precisely satisfying the free-electron formula RH = 1/Q near room temperature. The result indicates that the intrinsic charge transport inside the grains is band-like in the high-mobility organic-semiconductor thin films that are of significant interest in industry. At lower temperature, even Hall-effect mobility averaged over the whole polycrystalline film decreases due to the presence of carrier-trapping levels at the grain boundaries, while the free-electron-like transport is preserved in the grains. With the separated description of the inter- and intra-grain charge transport, it is demonstrated that the reduction of mobility with decreasing temperature often shown in organic thin-film transistors does not necessarily mean mere hopping transport.
Novel Silylethynyl Substituted Pentacenes With High-temperature Thermal Transitions
Authors: Redinger David , Clough Robert S. , Novack James C. , Caldwell Gregg , Payne Marcia M. , Anthony John E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractModifications to the p-type semiconductor TIPS-Pentacene can result in elimination of the solid-solid thermal transition at 124 °C. This new material has shown mobility higher than 1 cm2/Vs. Elimination of the solid-solid thermal transition leaves the melting point as the lowest temperature transition at 199 °C.
Other-Regarding Behavior and Taxpayer Preferences for Farm Policy
Authors: Ellison Brenna , Lusk Jayson L , Briggeman Brian 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Changes in the structure of agriculture have led some to rethink the purpose and nature of farm support programs, yet taxpayers are often left unheard in this debate. This paper determines how people would vote on particular farm policies and identifies the determinants of support/opposition to farm programs. Our results show the majority of people support farm subsidies, but voting outcomes are sensitive to the costs of the policy and the magnitude of the payouts to farmers. We find people act altruistically toward small farmers and that people are averse to inequality. Furthermore, we found the publics attitude toward maintaining a secure food supply is a significant determinant of support for farm programs. Finally, we found that information about farmers average incomes and average production levels across different farm sizes had little effect on peoples willingness to subsidize small or large farmers.
Effect of side walls on the motion of a viscous fluid induced by an infinite plate that applies an oscillating shear stress to the fluid
Authors: Fetecau Constantin , Vieru Dumitru , Fetecau Corina 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The velocity field corresponding to the unsteady motion of a viscous fluid between two side walls perpendicular to a plate is determined by means of the Fourier transforms. The motion of the fluid is produced by the plate which after the time t = 0, applies an oscillating shear stress to the fluid. The solutions that have been obtained, presented as a sum of the steady-state and transient solutions satisfy the governing equation and all imposed initial and boundary conditions. In the absence of the side walls they are reduced to the similar solutions corresponding to the motion over an infinite plate. Finally, the influence of the side walls on the fluid motion, the required time to reach the steady-state, as well as the distance between the walls for which the velocity of the fluid in the middle of the channel is unaffected by their presence, are established by means of graphical illustrations.
Nematode parasites of the two limbless lizards: Turkish worm lizard, Blanus strauchi (Bedriaga, 1884) (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae), and slow worm, Anguis fragilis Linnaeus 1758 (Squamata: Anguidae), from Turkey
Authors: Düşen S. , Uğurtaş İ. , Aydoğdu A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In this investigation, seventeen Turkish worm lizards, Blanus strauchi, and eighteen slow worms, Anguis fragilis, collected from Turkey, were examined for helminths. Blanus strauchi harbored 2 species of Nematoda: Pharyngodon spinicauda and Aplectana sp. (larvae); Anguis fragilis harbored 5 species of Nematoda:, Rhabdias bufonis, Entomelas entomelas, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum. Blanus strauchi represents a new host record for Pharyngodon spinicauda and Aplectana sp. Anguis fragilis, represents a new host record for Cosmocerca ornata. Turkey is a new locality record for Pharyngodon spinicauda.
Effect of sand-dune slope orientation on soil free-living nematode abundance and diversity
Authors: Pen-Mouratov S. , Hu C. , Hindin E. , Steinberger Y. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The spatial and temporal dynamics and composition of a soil free-living nematode community were studied in order to determine the impact of slope orientation on the community on the xeric south- and the mesic north-facing sand-dune slopes.
A significant effect of sampling location on organic matter, total number of free-living nematodes, and trophic diversity was found. Although soil moisture had a significant effect on separate nematode trophic groups and on most of the applied ecological indices, no differences in soil moisture were observed between slopes. Organic matter was found to have a significant effect on the fungivore nematodes. The obtained results indicate that the south-facing slope is more favorable for the observed free-living nematodes than the other sampling sites. Twenty-four of the 77 nematode species that were found in the observed area showed dependence on dune slope orientation. The fungibacteria ratio, Simpson’s dominance index, and basal index were useful tools for determining slope differences.
Description of Paratrichodorus pachydermus (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from the Czech Republic
Authors: Kumari S. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A survey has been carried out to study the occurrence and distribution of Paratrichodorus pachydermus nematodes in the Czech Republic in a range of habitats (orchards, forests, vineyards, strawberry and river bank). A total 208 sites were surveyed and 19 sites were found positive for P. pachydermus. This species is a new record for Czech nematofauna.