bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kanamycin−Cu(II) Complex Catalyzed Ullmann Amine Synthesis at Room Temperature: A Tool for Mechanistic Insights into Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Basheer Huma , Shamsi Sadia , Qadir Abdul , Sharma Kalicharan , Azad Chandra S. , Kumar Amit , Khan Imran A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study highlights the significance of the Ullmann coupling reaction in modern organic synthesis and advances catalytic methodologies through the introduction of a kanamycin−copper complex as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of diverse N−aryl compounds. We demonstrate the catalyst's versatility by synthesizing 20 diaryl−amine instances, 21 Ar(het)−N compounds, and 10 miscellaneous examples. NMR, IR, and UV spectroscopy offer insights into the catalyst's behaviour. Additionally, DFT studies support the catalyst's proficiency in generating SO4−⋅ radicals by stabilizing with amino sugar moieties. Ex‐situ NMR experiments confirm a ternary complex‐based mechanism at concentrations below 0.1 μM. Furthermore, we showcase the degradation of methylene blue to its precursor amine under optimized conditions. Overall, this research underscores the potential of Ullmann condensation reactions in contemporary organic synthesis and contributes significantly to the advancement of catalytic methodologies.
Occupational therapy's role in promoting the “Learn the Signs. Act Early.” developmental monitoring program to public health employees
Authors: Barlow Kate , Sullivan Kelsey , Lauren Scott 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundOccupational therapists can play a key role in early identification of delay at the population health level by providing education to public health employees on how to implement developmental monitoring with caregivers of children birth to age 5.MethodsA pretest posttest design was utilized to assess the online education and training that was provided to Department of Public Health employees (N = 339), including Head Start, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children, Home Visiting, and Early Intervention.ResultsAnalysis of pretest‐posttest survey data showed significant results for all 12 key learning outcomes. Six out of 12 outcomes were found to have a large effect size (d > 0.8), 4 outcomes indicated a medium effect size (d > 0.5), and 2 outcomes had a small effect size (d > 0.2). Participants gained knowledge of the “Learn the Signs. Act Early.” (LTSAE) developmental monitoring program, the difference between developmental monitoring and screening, the state's referral system and age‐appropriate parental engagement activities through knowledge of child development.ConclusionsOccupational therapists are child development specialists who can provide education on developmental monitoring and activities for parental engagement. The online course proved to be an effective platform to promote LTSAE within state agencies.
Evaluation of telemedicine medical abortion using a no‐test protocol in the Eastern Europe and Central Asian region: Evidence from Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan
Authors: Tsereteli Tamar , Platais Ingrida , Maru Mahlet , Maystruk Galyna , Kurbanbekova Dilfuza , Rzayeva Gulnara , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate safety, feasibility, and acceptability of a telemedicine medical abortion service without pre‐treatment in‐person tests in Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan.MethodsWe conducted an open‐label, prospective, observational clinical study at five clinics in the three countries. Interested and eligible participants scheduled a telemedicine consultation with a study provider by phone or video. Medical abortion pills could be obtained by mail or courier or picked up at the study clinic or a pharmacy. Study providers contacted participants 1 week after mifepristone ingestion to assess abortion outcomes based on symptoms, and 3 weeks later to review the result of an at‐home, high‐sensitivity, urine pregnancy test. Participants were referred to in‐person visit based on symptoms, urine pregnancy test results, or initiative by the participant.ResultsIn all, 300 women participated in the study. Almost all participants received medical abortion medications the same day as their first contact with the study clinic, and the majority (n = 297, 99.0%) did not experience any problems receiving them. All except two women (0.67%) followed provider instructions on administration of medications. The majority of participants had a complete abortion without a procedure (Ukraine: n = 115, 95.8%; Uzbekistan: n = 127, 97.7%; Azerbaijan: n = 49, 98.0%), few had in‐person visits (Ukraine: n = 30, 25.0%; Uzbekistan: n = 3, 2.3%; Azerbaijan: n = 4, 8.0%), and most were very satisfied or satisfied with the service (Ukraine: n = 116, 96%; Uzbekistan: n = 128, 98%; Azerbaijan: n = 45, 90%). No serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionTelemedicine medical abortion using the no‐test protocol is safe, feasible and acceptable for women in Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan.
Construction of bupivacaine‐loaded gelatin‐based hydrogel delivery system for sciatic nerve block in mice
Authors: Zhang Qunfei , Liu Xiang , Liu Hongqiang , Li Shufen , An Zhenping , Feng Zujian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeripheral nerve blockade (PNB) is a common treatment to relieve postoperative pain. However, local anesthetics alone have a short duration of action and severe side effects during postoperative analgesia. In order to overcome these limitations, the present study reported an injectable hydrogel with a drug slow‐release profile for regional nerve blockade. The injectable hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking with gelatin and NHS‐PEG‐NHS, which was degradable in the physiological environment and displayed sustainable release of anesthetics locally, thus improving the disadvantage of the high toxicity of local anesthetics. In this regard, we conducted a series of in vitro characterizations and proved that the hydrogel has a porous three‐dimensional mesh structure with high drug loading capability, and sustainable drug release profile. And cytotoxicity experiments confirmed the good biocompatibility of the hydrogel. It was shown that using the animal sciatic nerve block model, the analgesic effect was greatly improved in vivo, and there was no obvious evidence of permanent inflammation or nerve damage in the block site's sections. This locally slow‐release platform, combined with local anesthetics, is therefore a promising contender for long‐acting analgesia.
The impact of emotion regulation and dyadic coping within posttraumatic stress symptoms and risky drinking patterns on relationship distress among trauma‐exposed individuals
Authors: Barden Eileen P. , Mattson Richard E. , Mastroleo Nadine , Balderrama‐Durbin Christina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndividuals with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) often consume alcohol to manage PTSS‐related discomfort, which can negatively impact individual and interpersonal functioning. Processes including emotion regulation and dyadic coping may influence the effects of PTSS and drinking patterns on relationship functioning. The present study examined how PTSS and risky drinking may function through the associations between maladaptive individual and interpersonal coping strategies and relationship distress among trauma‐exposed individuals. Participants were 237 adults in a romantic relationship who endorsed lifetime trauma exposure and alcohol consumption within the past year and completed an online battery of self‐report measures. Path analyses showed mixed support for the hypothesized theoretical causal model. PTSS was associated with maladaptive emotion regulation, β = .537, p = .010, and negative dyadic coping, β = .264, p = .009, whereas risky drinking was only related to negative dyadic coping, β = .193, p = .024. Negative dyadic coping was significant in the pathways between PTSS and relationship distress, β = .021, p = .009, and risky drinking and relationship distress, β = .030, p = .014. Exploratory analyses based on trauma type did not significantly change the overall model; however, a direct path suggested PTSS may have a stronger negative impact on relationship distress among individuals who experienced assault trauma (e.g., physical or sexual assault), β = .340, p = .012. Findings highlight the interrelations among intra‐ and interpersonal regulation and provide clinical targets of maladaptive emotion regulation and dyadic coping strategies for individuals with PTSS and harmful drinking.
Estimating ethanol correction factors for δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures of freshwater zooplankton from multiple lakes
Authors: Blechinger Tristan , Link Denver , Nelson Jenna K.R. , Hansen Gretchen J.A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn freshwater systems, δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes can be used to differentiate between pelagic and littoral energy sources and to quantify trophic position. In these ecosystems, crustacean zooplankton are frequently used to characterize the pelagic baseline. Zooplankton samples are often preserved prior to processing and analysis, which can affect isotopic signatures. Variability in preservation effects across studies make it difficult to determine if and how to correct for preservation effects. Here, we develop a correction factor for ethanol preservation and present a flexible statistical method that can be updated with additional data to increase its applicability. We collected zooplankton from five lakes in Minnesota, USA encompassing wide isotopic ranges (δ13C from −37.23‰ to −23.96‰; δ15N from 3.07‰ to 14.44‰). Changes in zooplankton δ13C and δ15N signatures were quantified using a Bayesian hierarchical model predicting fresh values from ethanol‐preserved values. Ethanol preservation increased δ13C by a factor of 1.158 (95% CI 0.866–1.441) and had a negligible effect on δ15N (slope = 1.077; 95% CI 0.833–1.359). Lake‐specific values did not differ from the overall relationship. K‐fold and leave‐one‐out cross validation tests verified that both models were accurate; RMSE of predicted δ13C = 0.701 and RMSE of predicted δ15N = 0.590. Our correction factors could be applied to other systems in which baseline δ13C and δ15N values fall within the range of our study, and this approach also enables the inclusion of data from additional lakes to estimate new corrections.
Properties and Mechanism of Friction‐Reducing Silicone Rubber Modified with Hyperbranched Polysiloxane
Authors: Ai Xiaoxue , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring the utilization of silicone rubber, excessive friction can cause damage to the contact surface and the material itself. Therefore, friction‐reducing modification of silicone rubber has attracted much attention. In this paper, hyperbranched polysiloxanes with different structures is synthesized for friction‐reducing modification of silicone rubber. Infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and amine titration tests reveal that hyperbranched polysiloxanes are successfully synthesized by the hydrolytic condensation of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and their Michael addition with four acrylates with different alkyl chains. The friction coefficients and mechanical properties of silicone rubber are evaluated. Hyperbranched polysiloxanes significantly reduces friction and maintained excellent mechanical properties of silicone rubber. Silicone rubber with butyl‐ester‐secondary‐amino hyperbranched polysiloxane displays the best overall performance, with static and dynamic friction coefficients decreasing by 33.99% and 43.16% compared with that of pure silicone rubber, respectively, and a tensile strength of 10.80 MPa. The friction‐reducing mechanism of hyperbranched polysiloxanes on silicone rubber is investigated by contact angle test and dynamic mechanical analysis. Hyperbranched polysiloxanes migrates to the surface due to the incompatibility of alkyl chains with silicone rubber matrix. Consequently, the shielding effect produced by hyperbranched polysiloxanes on the surface depresses the adsorption activity of silicone rubber surface thereby reducing friction.
Recent Developments in Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents Based on Natural/Synthetic Polymers and Dendrimers: Design and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Ahmad , Fouda Moustafa M.G. , Sharaby Carmen M. , Xiao Ouyang , Zhang Xinyue , Alzahrany Yahya A. , Ahmed Saleh A. , Ma Ning , Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis review article explores the recent innovations in the field of antimicrobial and antiviral macromolecules. With the rising challenge of antibiotic resistance, as well as the overuse of antibiotics, there is a growing demand for efficient solutions to combat microbial and viral infections. The development of new effective antimicrobial and antiviral agents is highlighted. This review is designed to give a comprehensive view of the literature focusing on a few examples of combating microbial and viral infections in each section. A brief description of naturally occurring organic‐based materials that exhibit antimicrobial and/or antiviral activities is presented, focusing on polysaccharides, peptides, and proteins. Synthetic organic‐based materials are divided into subsections including polymers, dendrimers, and nanomaterials. The synthesis and applications of inorganic materials such as polyphosphazenes and polysiloxanes, as well as tin‐, germanium‐ and gallium‐based materials are emphasized in this review. Organometallic macromolecules are also described, and their antimicrobial and antiviral activities are examined. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the design of antimicrobial and antiviral macromolecules, offering valuable insights into their potential applications in biomedical research and combating drug‐resistant microorganisms and viruses.
Identifying protective factors related to burnout, moral injury, and resilience of registered nurses: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Hubbell Sara L. , Young Susan E. , Duea Stephanie R. , Prentice Christopher R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNursing leadership continue to grapple with the pre‐existing social, physical, spiritual, and emotional toll experienced by the nursing workforce, further exacerbated by the pandemic. The three‐fold purpose of this current quantitative study was to measure the impact of the pandemic on nurses’ levels of burnout, moral injury, and resilience; measure levels of compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress; and identify protective factors against burnout and moral injury that could bolster resilience. An electronic survey was created using three validated instruments and sent to nurses in one US state. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Survey response rate was 5.5%. Respondents reported high levels of burnout and moral injury, and reduced levels of resilience. Protective factors included age, experience, education, and religion, with the older, more experienced, and educated nurse who identified as Christian being found to represent the most protected group. Multipronged strategies are needed to support, sustain, and recover nurses’ mental health across demographics to meet current and future workforce needs.
Association between insulin sensitivity and lean mass loss during weight loss
Authors: Bartholomew Ciera L. , Martins Catia , Gower Barbara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study objective was to assess the relationship between insulin sensitivity and changes in total lean mass (LM) and appendicular LM (ALM) during weight loss.MethodsIndividuals were randomly assigned to either a standard or a moderately reduced carbohydrate diet for 16 weeks. Body composition was assessed using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and insulin sensitivity index (SI) using an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether baseline SI was predictive of changes in total LM and ALM.ResultsParticipants (n = 57; baseline BMI 32.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2) lost an average of 6.8 ± 3.2 kg of body weight (p < 0.001), with 1.5 ± 2.6 kg coming from LM (p < 0.05) and 0.5 ± 0.73 kg from ALM (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that SI was inversely associated with changes in total LM (kilograms; β = 0.481, p < 0.001), after adjusting for baseline LM, fat mass, acute insulin response to glucose, and weight loss. Similar results were seen when assessing ALM loss (β = 0.359, p < 0.05).ConclusionsIdentifying individuals with low insulin sensitivity prior to weight loss interventions may allow for a personalized approach aiming at minimizing LM loss.
Machine learning provides insights for spatially explicit pest management strategies by integrating information on population connectivity and habitat use in a key agricultural pest
Authors: Li Jinyu , Zhang Bang , Jiang Jia , Mao Yi , Li Kai , Liu Fengjing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect pests have garnered increasing interest because of anthropogenic global change, and their sustainable management requires knowledge of population habitat use and spread patterns. To enhance this knowledge for the prevalent tea pest Empoasca onukii, we utilized a random forest algorithm and a bivariate map to develop and integrate models of its habitat suitability and genetic connectivity across China.RESULTSOur modeling revealed heterogeneous spatial patterns in suitability and connectivity despite the common key environmental predictor of isothermality. Analyses indicated that tea cultivation in areas surrounding the Tibetan Plateau and the southern tip of China may be at low risk of population outbreaks because of their predicted low suitability and connectivity. However, regions along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should consider the high abundance and high recolonization potential of E. onukii, and thus the importance of control measures. Our results also emphasized the need to prevent dispersal from outside regions in the areas north of the Yangtze River and highlighted the effectiveness of internal management efforts in southwestern China and along the southeastern coast. Further projections under future conditions suggested the potential for increased abundance and spread in regions north of the Yangtze River and the southern tip of China, and indicated the importance of long‐term monitoring efforts in these areas.CONCLUSIONThese findings highlighted the significance of combining information on habitat use and spread patterns for spatially explicit pest management planning. In addition, the approaches we used have potential applications in the management of other pest systems and the conservation of endangered biological resources. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Two cases of respiratory infection due to Pasteurella multocida: Acute and chronic form
Authors: Onizuka Hironoshin , Hara Akihiro , Shiratori Kotaro , Yamamoto Akito , Shirai Toshihiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present two cases of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) respiratory infection. The first case involves a 62‐year‐old female with abnormal chest shadows, a history of bronchial asthma, and colorectal cancer. Endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS‐GS) revealed granulomatous changes, and P. multocida was cultured. The second case is a 64‐year‐old female presenting to the emergency department with progressively worsening chest pain and dyspnea, with P. multocida detected from her sputum culture. Treatment with penicillin antibiotics resulted in symptom improvement and normalization of CT findings. These cases indicate the importance of considering P. multocida in respiratory infections, given the patients' history of pet ownership and the nonspecific imaging findings and symptoms. This highlights the necessity for accurate diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment, particularly in cases where animal traumatic exposure is not detected.
Engineering Reversible Lattice Structure for High‐Capacity Co‐Free Li‐Rich Cathodes with Negligible Capacity Degradation
Authors: Zhao Guangxue , Zhang Tianran , Wang Ruoyu , Zhang Nian , Zheng Lirong , Ma Xiaobai , Yang Jinbo , Liu Xiangfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCo‐free Li‐rich Mn‐based cathode materials are garnering great interest because of high capacity and low cost. However, their practical application is seriously hampered by the irreversible oxygen escape and the poor cycling stability. Herein, a reversible lattice adjustment strategy is proposed by integrating O vacancies and B doping. B incorporation increases TM─O (TM: transition metal) bonding orbitals whereas decreases the antibonding orbitals. Moreover, B doping and O vacancies synergistically increase the crystal orbital bond index values enhancing the overall covalent bonding strength, which makes TM─O octahedron more resistant to damage and enables the lattice to better accommodate the deformation and reaction without irreversible fracture. Furthermore, Mott–Hubbard splitting energy is decreased due to O vacancies, facilitating electron leaps, and enhancing the lattice reactivity and capacity. Such a reversible lattice, more amenable to deformation and forestalling fracturing, markedly improves the reversibility of lattice reactions and mitigates TM migration and the irreversible oxygen redox which enables the high cycling stability and high rate capability. The modified cathode demonstrates a specific capacity of 200 mAh g−1 at 1C, amazingly sustaining the capacity for 200 cycles without capacity degradation. This finding presents a promising avenue for solving the long‐term cycling issue of Li‐rich cathode.
Disordered Ballistic Bismuth Nano‐waveguides for Highly Efficient Thermoelectric Energy Conversion
Authors: Li Ping'an , Selzer Yoram 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJunctions based on electronic ballistic waveguides, such as semiconductor nanowires or nanoribbons with transverse structural variations in the order of a large fraction of their Fermi wavelength, are suggested as highly efficient thermoelectric (TE) devices. Full harnessing of their potential requires a capability to either deterministically induce structural variations that tailor their transmission properties at the Fermi level or alternatively to form waveguides that are disordered (chaotic) but can be structurally modified continuously until favorable TE properties are achieved. Well‐established methods to realize either of these routes do not exist. Here, disordered bismuth (Bi) waveguides are reported, which are both formed and structurally tuned by electromigration until their efficiency as TE devices is maximized. In accordance with theory, the conductance of the most efficient TE waveguides is in the sub quantum of conductance regime. The stability of these structures is found to be substantially higher than other actively studied devices such as single molecule junctions.
Sonographic localisation of neck lymph nodes using surgical neck level classifications
Authors: Fenech Michelle , Connolly Jessica , Clarke Chelsea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSonographic imaging of the lymph nodes (LNs) of the neck is used to differentiate between those that are benign or suspicious of malignancy. The size, number and location of suspicious appearing LNs must be documented and reported. Cervical LN location should be described in terms of surgical neck levels. Knowledge of the sonographic differentiation between benign and suspicious appearances of LNs, and surgical neck levels is required, including sonographic landmarks that can be used to correctly locate LNs to a specific neck level.