bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting Safe Driving With Arthritis: Developing a Driving Toolkit for Clinical Practice and Consumer Use
Authors: Vrkljan Brenda H. , Cranney Ann , Worswick Julia , O’Donnell Siobhan , Li Linda C. , Gélinas Isabelle , Byszewski Anna , Man-Son-Hing Malcolm , Marshall Shawn 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We conducted a series of focus groups to explore the information needs of clinicians and consumers related to arthritis and driving. An open coding analysis identified common themes across both consumer and clinician-based focus groups that underscored the importance of addressing driving-related concerns and the challenges associated with assessing safety. The results revealed that although driving is critical for maintaining independence and community mobility, drivers with arthritis experience several problems that can affect safe operation of a motor vehicle. Findings from this study are part of a broader research initiative that will inform the development of the Arthritis and Driving toolkit. This toolkit outlines strategies to support safe mobility for people with arthritis and will be an important resource in the coming years given the aging population.
Australian Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors’ Opinions on Improving On-Road Driver Assessment Procedures
Authors: Di Stefano Marilyn , Macdonald Wendy 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We collected practitioner opinions to improve the validity and reliability of the on-road driver assessment procedures used in Australia.
METHOD. We used focus groups to document the views of experienced occupational therapy driver assessors using a purposive sampling method.
RESULTS. Eight focus groups were conducted with 55 clinicians practicing in urban and rural regions. There was strong support for greater standardization of procedures for all tests. For drivers seeking unrestricted (open) licenses, use of standard routes with predetermined assessment points was important where practicable. Where use of a nonstandard route for this purpose was unavoidable, it was important to specify a minimum set of requirements related to route characteristics and assessment items.
CONCLUSION. Australian occupational therapy driver assessors support greater standardization of test routes and procedures to improve reliability and validity. However, the extent to which standardization can be achieved is limited by variable road traffic environments where assessments are conducted.
Methods to Measure Gastric Mucosal Lesions in the Rat
Authors: Morini Giuseppina , Grandi Daniela 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity is ensured by a dynamic balance between protective and noxious factors. The gastric mucosa has multiple protective mechanisms that allow the mucosa to withstand frequent exposure to potentially damaging agents such as acid and peptic secretions, bacterial products, ingested food, alcoholic beverages, and certain drugs. The imbalance between defensive and aggressive factors is at the basis of the formation of erosions/lesions or ulcerations of the gastric mucosa. The difference between an erosion/lesion and ulceration is that the former is confined to the mucosa, while an ulceration penetrates to the muscularis mucosae. This unit presents two models of acute mucosal lesions induced in the rat by gastrotoxic agents acting through different mechanisms of action. The protocols explain how to measure gastric mucosal lesions by microscopic examination of the stomach by light microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 43:21.2.1‐21.2.15. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Predictive modeling of pharmaceutical processes with missing and noisy data
Authors: Boukouvala Fani , Muzzio Fernando J. , Ierapetritou Marianthi G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLack of knowledge of the first principles, that describe the behavior of processed particulate mixtures, has created significant attention to data‐driven models for characterizing the performance of pharmaceutical processes—which are often treated as black—box operations. Uncertainty contained in the experimental data sets, however, can decrease the quality of the produced predictive models. In this work, the effect of missing and noisy data on the predictive capability of surrogate modeling methodologies such as Kriging and Response Surface Method (RSM) is evaluated. The key areas that affect the final error of prediction and the computational efficiency of the algorithm were found to be: (a) the method used to assign initial estimate values to the missing elements and (b) the iterative procedure used to further improve these initial estimates. The proposed approach includes the combination of the most appropriate initialization technique and the Expectation Maximization Principal Component Analysis algorithm to impute missing elements and minimize noise. Comparative analysis of the use of different initial imputation techniques such as mean, matching procedure, and a Kriging‐based approach proves that the two former used approaches give more accurate, “warm‐start” estimates of the missing data points that can significantly reduce computational time requirements. Experimental data from two case studies of different unit operations of the pharmaceutical powder tablet production process (feeding and mixing) are used as examples to illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology. Results show that by introducing an extra imputation step, the pseudo complete data sets created, produce very accurate predictive responses, whereas discarding incomplete observations leads to loss of valuable information and distortion of the predictive response. Results are also given for different percentages of missing data and different missing patterns. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Plant‐insect interactions: what can we learn from plant lectins?
Authors: Michiels Katrien , Van Damme Els JM , Smagghe Guy 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMany plant lectins have high anti‐insect potential. Although the effects of most lectins are only moderately influencing development or population growth of the insect, some lectins have strong insecticidal properties. In addition, some studies report a deterrent activity towards feeding and oviposition behavior. Transmission of plant lectins to the next trophic level has been investigated for several tritrophic interactions. Effects of lectins with different sugar specificities can vary substantially with the insect species under investigation and with the experimental setup. Lectin binding in the insect is an essential step in exerting a toxic effect. Attempts have been made to study the interactions of lectins in several insect tissues and to identify lectin‐binding receptors. Ingested lectins generally bind to parts of the insect gut. Furthermore, some lectins such as theGalanthus nivalusagglutinin (GNA) cross the gut epithelium into the hemolymph and other tissues. Recently, several candidate lectin‐binding receptors have been isolated from midgut extracts. To date little is known about the exact mechanism for insecticidal activity of plant lectins. However, insect glycobiology is an emerging research field and the recent technological advances in the analysis of lectin carbohydrate specificities and insect glycobiology will certainly lead to new insights in the interactions between plant lectins and insects, and to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systems metabolic engineering: Genome‐scale models and beyond
Authors: Blazeck John , Alper Hal 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe advent of high throughput genome‐scale bioinformatics has led to an exponential increase in available cellular system data. Systems metabolic engineering attempts to use data‐driven approaches – based on the data collected with high throughput technologies – to identify gene targets and optimize phenotypical properties on a systems level. Current systems metabolic engineering tools are limited for predicting and defining complex phenotypes such as chemical tolerances and other global, multigenic traits. The most pragmatic systems‐based tool for metabolic engineering to arise is the in silico genome‐scale metabolic reconstruction. This tool has seen wide adoption for modeling cell growth and predicting beneficial gene knockouts, and we examine here how this approach can be expanded for novel organisms. This review will highlight advances of the systems metabolic engineering approach with a focus on de novo development and use of genome‐scale metabolic reconstructions for metabolic engineering applications. We will then discuss the challenges and prospects for this emerging field to enable model‐based metabolic engineering. Specifically, we argue that current state‐of‐the‐art systems metabolic engineering techniques represent a viable first step for improving product yield that still must be followed by combinatorial techniques or random strain mutagenesis to achieve optimal cellular systems.
Infektionsgefahr aus dem Süden. Globale Erwärmung
Authors: Kimmig Peter , Pluta Silvia , Naucke Torsten 
Published: February 2010

AbstractZu den möglichen negativen Auswirkungen der globalen Klimaerwärmung gehört auch der Import von Infektionskrankheiten aus dem Mittelmeerraum. Die größte Gefahr geht dabei von vektorassoziierten Krankheiten aus. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise das durch Zecken übertragene Mittelmeerfleckfieber sowie die viszerale Leishmaniose und das Pappataci‐Fieber, die beide durch Sandmücken übertragen werden. Da Hunde für die beiden erstgenannten Erkrankungen das wichtigste tierische Reservoir darstellen, werden die Erreger mit unkontrollierten Hundeimporten ständig nach Deutschland gebracht. Auf dem gleichen Weg werden auch die “Braunen Hundezecken”, die Vektoren des Mittelmeerfleckfiebers, eingeschleppt, deren Ansiedlung in nächster Zukunft zu befürchten ist. Sandmücken dagegen sind in den wärmsten Gebieten Deutschlands, der Oberrheinischen Tiefebene, bereits endemisch. Autochthone Fälle von Leishmaniose und Pappataci‐Fieber deuten darauf hin, dass eine Etablierung dieser Erkrankungen in Deutschland bereits begonnen hat.
Personalisierte Medizin – Vision oder Fiktion? Beispiel: Altersdiabetes
Authors: Müller Günter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTypische Zivilisationskrankheiten wie Altersdiabetes sind im Gegensatz zu klassischen monogenen Erbkrankheiten wie Chorea Huntington weit verbreitet, komplex in den zugrundeliegenden pathogenetischen Mechanismen und heterogen im Phänotyp. Sie werden durch die Kombination verschiedener Prädispositionsgene oder protektiver Gene in relevanten Geweben verursacht und außerdem von der Umwelt beeinflusst. Die einzelnen in den Prädispositionsgenen vorliegenden Polymorphismen zeichnen sich im Gegensatz zu den Mutationen in den Krankheitsgenen monogener Krankheiten durch relativ geringe, für die Pathogenese allein nicht ausreichende Funktionsveränderungen, relativ große Häufigkeit, sehr hohen Aufwand für ihre Identifizierung und sehr geringe diagnostische Vorhersagekraft aus. Die zuverlässige und frühzeitige Diagnose einer Zivilisationskrankheit setzt deshalb jeweils die Bestimmung (möglichst) der Gesamtheit der individuell vorliegenden Polymorphismen der jeweiligen Prädispositionsgene zusammen mit ihren Genprodukten und den davon abhängigen Metaboliten voraus.
Berufseinstieg für Bio‐Bachelor
Authors: Klöck Gerd 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDer Bachelor als erster berufsqualifizierender Abschluss wird in den Life Sciences kritisch betrachtet. Die Wirtschaft steht dagegen dem Biologen (B.Sc.) weit pragmatischer gegenüber, als es in der öffentlichen Debatte den Anschein hat. Im Folgenden soll auf den Erfahrungen mit dem erfolgreichen Berufseinstieg von Bachelorabsolventen ein mögliches Berufsbild für den Biologen (B.Sc.) skizziert werden.
Experimentelle und theoretische Biologie: getrennte Welten?
Authors: Haubold Bernhard , Pfaffelhuber Peter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDie Genomforschung führt zu Fragestellungen, die nur in Zusammenarbeit von Evolutionsbiologen mit Mathematikern und Informatikern gelöst werden können. Ein Workshop zur empirischen und theoretischen Populationsgenetik bringt Wissenschaftler ganz unterschiedlicher Fachrichtungen miteinander ins Gespräch.
Erfolgreicher Restriktionsverdau
Authors: Schrödel Andrea 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRestriktionsenzyme gelten als wichtige Werkzeuge der Molekularbiologie (siehe auch BIUZ Heft 4/2008). Nicht sei einfacher, als einen Restriktionsverdau durchzuführen, heißt es oft. Um optimale Ergebnisse zu erzielen, sollten dennoch einige Regeln beachtet werden.
Neu: Das Moletomics™‐Modell
Authors: Quadbeck‐Seeger H.‐J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDie räumliche Struktur von Molekülen war und ist eine große Herausforderung für die Forschung. Entsprechend hilfreich sind Modelle von wichtigen Molekülen. In vorigen Veröffentlichungen wurden zwei Modellkonzeptionen für die DNA‐Helix vorgestellt. Ein Wettbewerb regte an, weitere einfache und kostengünstige Möglichkeiten zu entwickeln. Nun hat der Autor selbst noch eine Variante gefunden. Bei den Moletomics – der Name wurde aus den Worten molecular and atomic structures abgeleitet – spielt Drahtgitter eine entscheidende Rolle.
Component Analysis and Free Radical‐Scavenging Potential of Panax notoginseng and Carthamus tinctorius Extracts
Authors: Han Shu‐Yan , Li Hai‐Xia , Bai Chang‐Cai , Wang Li , Tu Peng‐Fei 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPanax notoginseng and Carthamus tinctorius are known as traditional medicinal plants, and they also have edible values. To better understand their pharmacological mechanism, the present study assessed the in vitro antioxidant activities of extracts of P. notoginseng (EPN) and C. tinctorius (ECT). In addition, the main components of EPN and ECT were determined by HPLC. The results show that EPN mainly contained saponins, which were effective in scavenging .OH and O$\rm{{_{2}^{{^\cdot} -}}}$, while showing a low activity in the DPPH. assay. Flavonoids were the main components of ECT and were active in scavenging all three radicals in a dose‐dependent manner. In brief, the antioxidant properties of EPN and ECT are distinct and might be complementary, their combined use tending to be more effective in scavenging .OH (P<0.05 vs. EPN or ECT).
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Several Hypericum Taxa (Guttiferae) Growing in Central Italy (Appennino Umbro‐Marchigiano)
Authors: Maggi Filippo , Cecchini Cinzia , Cresci Alberto , Coman Maria M. , Tirillini Bruno , Sagratini Gianni , Papa Fabrizio , Vittori Sauro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oils of nine taxa from seven sections of Hypericum L. (Guttiferae; H. perforatum subsp. perforatum, H. perforatum subsp. veronense, H. calycinum, H. montanum, H. richeri subsp. richeri, H. hyssopifolium, H. hirsutum, H. hircinum subsp. majus, and H. tetrapterum) occurring in central Italy (Appennino Umbro‐Marchigiano) was analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. A total of 186 compounds were identified in the different species and subspecies, accounting for 86.9–92.8% of the total oils. The major fraction of the oil was always represented by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (30.3–77.2%), while quantitative differences occurred between the other classes of volatiles depending on the taxa considered. Chemical composition of the nine Hypericum entities with respect to the taxonomical classification was discussed. Essential oils obtained from six taxa, i.e., H. perforatum subsp. perforatum, H. perforatum subsp. veronense, H. calycinum, H. richeri subsp. richeri, H. hirsutum and H. tetrapterum, were also tested for their antimicrobial properties against five different microbial strains by the broth‐microdilution method, and they were found to have significant activity (expressed as MIC) on B. subtilis, moderate activity on C. albicans and S. aureus, and weak activity on E. coli and E. faecalis, the most active being those from H. hirsutum, H. richeri subsp. richeri, and H. tetrapterum.
Easy Production of a Glycolipid Analogue Using Animal Cells in Culture
Authors: Kasuya Maria Carmelita Z. , Hatanaka Kenichi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA glycolipid analogue, GM4‐type ganglioside, was obtained by a combination of chemical synthesis and biosynthetic processes in animal cells with dodecyl β‐D‐galactoside (Gal C12) as primer. The primer was conveniently prepared in two steps: glycosylation, followed by deacetylation. The primer was introduced to mouse melanoma B16 cells to serve as substrate for cellular, enzyme‐catalyzed glycosylation. Incubation of the cells in the presence of the primer resulted in sialylation of the galactose residue to afford a GM4 analogue that was released from the cells to the culture medium. The strategy of preparation of the GM4 analogue described in this study is a viable alternative to the existing methods. The saccharide‐primer method is fast, convenient, not requiring expensive enzymes and glycosyl donors, and highly stereoselective.
Water—More Than Just a Green Solvent: A Stereoselective One‐Pot Access to All‐Chiral Tetrahydronaphthalenes in Aqueous Media
Authors: Tan Bin , Zhu Di , Zhang Lihong , Chua Pei Juan , Zeng Xiaofei , Zhong Guofu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA facile and highly stereoselective construction of heavily functionalized chiral tetrahydronaphthalene skeletons fused with an oxazolidine moiety has been developed. The process involves an organocatalytic tandem Michael/nitrone formation/intramolecular [3+2] nitrone–olefin cycloaddition in aqueous media. Using rationally designed substrates, the reaction conditions have been optimized and the one‐pot process has been applied to a series of nitroolefin acrylates and aldehydes. The N‐hydroxyphenylamine component used in the second step has also been varied. The stereochemistry of one product has been verified by an X‐ray crystal structure determination. The water used in the strategy not only constitutes an environmentally benign solvent, but also helps to improve the reactivity and stereoselectivity.
Energetic Salts Based on Monoanions of N,N‐Bis(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)amine and 5,5′‐Bis(tetrazole)
Authors: Guo Yong , Tao Guo‐Hong , Zeng Zhuo , Gao Haixiang , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHigh‐density energetic salts that contain nitrogen‐rich cations and the 5‐(tetrazol‐5‐ylamino)tetrazolate (HBTA−) or the 5‐(tetrazol‐5‐yl)tetrazolate (HBT−) anion were readily synthesized by the metathesis reactions of sulfate salts with barium compounds, such as bis[5‐(tetrazol‐5‐ylamino)tetrazolate] (Ba(HBTA)2), barium iminobis(5‐tetrazolate) (BaBTA), or barium 5,5′‐bis(tetrazolate) (BaBT) in aqueous solution. All salts were fully characterized by IR spectroscopy, multinuclear (1H, 13C, 15N) NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, density, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and impact sensitivity. Ba(HBTA)2⋅4 H2O crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$, as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, with a density of 2.177 g cm−3. The densities of the other organic energetic salts range between 1.55 and 1.75 g cm−3 as measured by a gas pycnometer. The detonation pressure (P) values calculated for these salts range from 19.4 to 33.6 GPa, and the detonation velocities (νD) range from 7677 to 9487 m s−1, which make them competitive energetic materials. Solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy was used as an effective technique to determine the structure of the products that were obtained from the metathesis reactions of biguanidinium sulfate with barium iminobis(5‐tetrazolate) (BaBTA). Thus, the structure was determined as an HBTA salt by the comparison of its solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy with those of ammonium 5‐(tetrazol‐5‐ylamino)tetrazolate (AHBTA) and diammonium iminobis(5‐tetrazolate) (A2BTA).
ChemInform Abstract: FPLAPW Study of the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Ga2O3: Monoclinic and Hexagonal Phases.
Authors: Litimein F. , Rached D. , Khenata R. , Baltache H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Arenes with 1 atm of O2 or Air.
Authors: Zhang Yang‐Hui , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Effective Catalysts for [2 + 2 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Gonzalez Ivan , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Roglans Anna 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxyphomalin A (I) and B (II), Prenylated Polyketides with Potent Cytotoxicity from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Phoma sp.
Authors: Mohamed Ietidal E. , Gross Harald , Pontius Alexander , Kehraus Stefan , Krick Anja , Kelter Gerhard , Maier Armin , Fiebig Heinz‐Herbert , Koenig Gabriele M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Azacitidine for the treatment of lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Musto Pellegrino , Maurillo Luca , Spagnoli Alessandra , Gozzini Antonella , Rivellini Flavia , Lunghi Monia , Villani Oreste , Aloe‐Spiriti Maria Antonietta , Venditti Adriano , Santini Valeria 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Azacitidine induces responses and prolongs overall survival compared with conventional care regimens in patients who have high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, limited data are available concerning the efficacy and safety of azacitidine in patients who have lower risk MDS.METHODS:The authors retrospectively evaluated 74 patients with International Prognostic Scoring System low‐risk or intermediate 1‐risk MDS, who received azacitidine on a national named patient program. At baseline, 84% of patients were transfusion‐dependent, 57% had received erythropoietin, and 51% were aged >70 years. Azacitidine was administered subcutaneously for 5 days (n = 29 patients), 7 days (n = 43 patients), or 10 days (n = 2 patients) every month at a dose of 75 mg/m2 daily (n = 45 patients) or at a fixed dose of 100 mg daily (n = 29 patients) and for a median of 7 cycles (range, 1‐30 cycles).RESULTS:According to the 2006 International Working Group criteria, overall response rate (ORR) was 45.9%, including complete responses (10.8%), partial responses (9.5%), hematologic improvements (20.3%), and bone marrow complete responses (5.4%). The ORR was 51.6% in 64 patients who completed ≥4 cycles of treatment. The median duration of response was 6 months (range, 1‐30 months). After a median follow‐up of 15 months, 71% of patients remained alive. A survival benefit was observed in responders versus nonresponders (94% vs 54% of patients projected to be alive at 2.5 years, respectively; P < .0014). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were myelosuppression (21.6%) and infection (6.8%).CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that azacitidine may be a feasible and effective treatment for patients with lower risk MDS. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.