bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in the measurement of lipoprotein(a) in the British Isles
Authors: Mackness Mike , Hughes Elizabeth 
Published: June 2009

Background Elevated Lipoprotein(a) concentrations are a risk factor for coronary heart disease; however, methodological problems have prevented its introduction to routine clinical practice. Methods Thirty-six laboratories each assayed 20 samples (the same 20 in each laboratory) using two different Lp(a) kits per laboratory, randomly assigned from the total of 12 used in the study. Results The duplicate error, i.e. the error between-duplicate analyses for each sample, for all kits was small, indicating all kits had a good precision for all the assays. However, there was a very large variation between the kits in the Lp(a) concentration assigned to a sample that could be over 100%. All methods showed a negative or positive bias as the concentration of Lp(a) increased. Most worryingly, as used in this study, several Lp(a) kits detected Lp(a) in a solution of 5% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline. The between-laboratory variation in Lp(a) concentration measured using the same kit was very large, e.g. for a sample with a mean concentration of 78.8 mg/dL Lp(a) the between-laboratory variation was 29.7 mg/dL (37.7%). Even with samples with a relatively low Lp(a) concentration of 16.0 mg/dL had a between-laboratory variation of 12.3 mg/dL (76.8%). Conclusion There is wide variability in reported Lp(a) concentrations, assayed in the same sample, using different Lp(a) assays. At the present time these differences prevent the use of Lp(a) as a routine diagnostic tool.
Tobacco Use Among Individuals With Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: A Brief Review
Authors: Steinberg Marc L. , Heimlich Laura , Williams Jill M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Although few tobacco control efforts target individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities, this population may be especially vulnerable to the deleterious effects of tobacco use and dependence. Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities suffer from the health, financial, and stigmatizing effects of tobacco use. The present review examined the current literature with respect to the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, the importance of addressing tobacco use in these smokers, and policies surrounding tobacco use in this population. Suggestions for additional avenues of inquiry as well as modifications to current cessation treatments are proposed.
Involvement of Adult Siblings of Persons With Developmental Disabilities in Future Planning
Authors: Heller Tamar , Kramer John 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
This study examined factors influencing involvement of siblings of individuals with developmental disabilities in future planning and their expectation of future caregiving. The sample consisted of 139 adult siblings recruited from an online sibling list and a sibling conference. Results indicated that few families made plans or involved siblings in the planning. Siblings who were most involved in future planning were older, more involved in disability activities, and provided more support to their sibling with disabilities. About 38% of siblings expected to be primary caregivers and were more likely to expect this role if the sibling with a disability lived closer and was female, had more sibling contact, provided them with more support, and felt greater caregiving satisfaction. Major support needs of siblings were for support groups, workshops–training on how to assume caregiving responsibility, financial support, and printed material on making future plans.
Correlation between Thermal and Mechanical Properties of the 10NiCr11
Authors: Ghrib Taher , Bouhafs Mahmoud , Yacoubi Noureddine 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In this work we have studied the effect of the carburizing duration on the evolution of the thermal and mechanical properties of the 10NiCr11 steel. The thermal properties are determined by the photothermal deflection technique and it was shown that the thermal conductivity as well as the thermal diffusivity decrease with the carbon fraction in the steel unlike the Vickers hardness which increases. From this study we have established an empiric mathematical formula between Vickers hardness, the thermal properties, and the carburizing duration which permit to deduce the Vickers hardness value without needing to measure it.
Genetic Modifiers ofdFMR1Encode RNA Granule Components in Drosophila
Authors: Cziko Anne-Marie J , McCann Cathal T , Howlett Iris C , Barbee Scott A , Duncan Rebecca P , Luedemann Rene , Zarnescu Daniela , Zinsmaier Konrad E , Parker Roy R , Ramaswami Mani 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMechanisms of neuronal mRNA localization and translation are of considerable biological interest. Spatially regulated mRNA translation contributes to cell-fate decisions and axon guidance during development, as well as to long-term synaptic plasticity in adulthood. The Fragile-X Mental Retardation protein (FMRP/dFMR1) is one of the best-studied neuronal translational control molecules and here we describe the identification and early characterization of proteins likely to function in the dFMR1 pathway. Induction of the dFMR1 in sevenless-expressing cells of the Drosophila eye causes a disorganized (rough) eye through a mechanism that requires residues necessary for dFMR1/FMRP's translational repressor function. Several mutations in dco, orb2, pAbp, rm62, and smD3 genes dominantly suppress the sev-dfmr1 rough-eye phenotype, suggesting that they are required for dFMR1-mediated processes. The encoded proteins localize to dFMR1-containing neuronal mRNPs in neurites of cultured neurons, and/or have an effect on dendritic branching predicted for bona fide neuronal translational repressors. Genetic mosaic analyses indicate that dco, orb2, rm62, smD3, and dfmr1 are dispensable for translational repression of hid, a microRNA target gene, known to be repressed in wing discs by the bantam miRNA. Thus, the encoded proteins may function as miRNA- and/or mRNA-specific translational regulators in vivo.
Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolism Associated With the Increased Desiccation Resistance of the Cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis
Authors: Matzkin Luciano M , Markow Therese A 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In Drosophila, adaptation to xeric environments presents many challenges, greatest among them the maintenance of water balance. Drosophila mojavensis, a cactophilic species from the deserts of North America, is one of the most desiccation resistant in the genus, surviving low humidity primarily by reducing its metabolic rate. Genetic control of reduced metabolic rate, however, has yet to be elucidated. We utilized the recently sequenced genome of D. mojavensis to create an oligonucleotide microarray to pursue the identities of the genes involved in metabolic regulation during desiccation. We observed large differences in gene expression between male and female D. mojavensis as well as both quantitative and qualitative sex differences in their ability to survive xeric conditions. As expected, genes associated with metabolic regulation and carbohydrate metabolism were differentially regulated between stress treatments. Most importantly, we identified four points in central metabolism (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, transaldolase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) that indicate the potential mechanisms controlling metabolic rate reduction associated with desiccation resistance. Furthermore, a large number of genes associated with vision pathways also were differentially expressed between stress treatments, especially in females, that may underlie the initial detection of stressful environments and trigger subsequent metabolic changes.
Domains of Heterochromatin Protein 1 Required forDrosophila melanogasterHeterochromatin Spreading
Authors: Hines Karrie A , Cryderman Diane E , Flannery Kaitlin M , Yang Hongbo , Vitalini Michael W , Hazelrigg Tulle , Mizzen Craig A , Wallrath Lori L 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCentric regions of eukaryotic genomes are packaged into heterochromatin, which possesses the ability to spread along the chromosome and silence gene expression. The process of spreading has been challenging to study at the molecular level due to repetitious sequences within centric regions. A heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) tethering system was developed that generates “ectopic heterochromatin” at sites within euchromatic regions of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Using this system, we show that HP1 dimerization and the PxVxL interaction platform formed by dimerization of the HP1 chromo shadow domain are necessary for spreading to a downstream reporter gene located 3.7 kb away. Surprisingly, either the HP1 chromo domain or the chromo shadow domain alone is sufficient for spreading and silencing at a downstream reporter gene located 1.9 kb away. Spreading is dependent on at least two H3K9 methyltransferases, with SU(VAR)3-9 playing a greater role at the 3.7-kb reporter and dSETDB1 predominately acting at the 1.9 kb reporter. These data support a model whereby HP1 takes part in multiple mechanisms of silencing and spreading.
Angiogenesis as a Therapeutic Target in Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Chi Andrew S. , Sorensen A. Gregory , Jain Rakesh K. , Batchelor Tracy T. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Currently, adult glioblastoma (GBM) patients have poor outcomes with conventional cytotoxic treatments. Because GBMs are highly angiogenic tumors, inhibitors that target tumor vasculature are considered promising therapeutic agents in these patients. Encouraging efficacy and tolerability in preliminary clinical trials suggest that targeting angiogenesis may be an effective therapeutic strategy in GBM patients. However, the survival benefits observed to date in uncontrolled trials of antiangiogenic agents have been modest, and several obstacles have limited their effectiveness. This article reviews the rationale for antiangiogenic agents in GBM, their potential mechanisms of action, and their clinical development in GBM patients. Although challenges remain with this approach, ongoing studies may improve upon the promising initial benefits already observed in GBM patients.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Cathelicidin LL‐37 and Interleukin‐18 in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Türkoğlu Oya , Emingil Gülnur , Kütükçüler Necil , Atilla Gül 
Published: June 2009

Background: Cathelicidin LL‐37, an antimicrobial peptide, is part of the host innate immune response in the oral cavity. Interleukin (IL)‐18, a proinflammatory cytokine, could play a role in the progression of the inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of cathelicidin LL‐37 and IL‐18 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.Methods: Fifty‐nine subjects were included in the present study. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing, and papilla bleeding index (PBI) were assessed in patients with chronic periodontitis or gingivitis and in healthy controls. GCF levels of cathelicidin LL‐37 and IL‐18 were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: GCF levels of cathelicidin LL‐37 were significantly elevated in patients with chronic periodontitis compared to the other groups (P <0.05). No significant difference was found in the total amount of GCF IL‐18 among the study groups (P >0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between levels of GCF cathelicidin LL‐37 and PD, CAL, PI, and PBI at the sampled sites (P <0.01), whereas no correlation was found between the total amount of GCF IL‐18 and clinical periodontal parameters at the sampled sites (P >0.05).Conclusion: Elevated levels of GCF cathelicidin LL‐37 in chronic periodontitis suggest that it may play a role in the host innate immune response during periodontal inflammation.
The Potential Use of Gingival Crevicular Blood for Measuring Glucose to Screen for Diabetes: An Examination Based on Characteristics of the Blood Collection Site
Authors: Strauss Shiela M. , Wheeler Alla J. , Russell Stefanie L. , Brodsky Anya , Davidson Robert M. , Gluzman Rima , Li Lin , Malo Roberto Galao , Salis Bram , Schoor Robert , Tzvetkova Krassimira 
Published: June 2009

Background: This study examined conditions under which gingival crevicular blood (GCB) could be used to obtain a useful glucose reading to screen for undiagnosed diabetes during routine dental visits.Methods: GCB and capillary finger‐stick blood (CFB) glucose readings obtained with a glucometer were compared for 46 patients recruited from an urban university dental clinic. Study participants were divided into two groups based on probing depth or bleeding on probing (BOP) at the site of collection of the GCB sample. Group 1 participants had blood collected from sites with adequate BOP to obtain a sample without touching the tooth or gingival margin, whereas group 2 participants had blood collected from sites with little or no bleeding. For each group, Pearson correlations were calculated for glucose readings obtained using GCB and CFB samples, and the limits of agreement between the two samples were examined.Results: For group 1 participants, correlations between CFB and GCB glucose readings were high (0.89), and the limits of agreement were acceptable (−27.1 to 29.7). By contrast, for participants in group 2, correlations between the glucose readings were lower (0.78), and limits of agreement were much broader (−25.1 to 80.5).Conclusion: GCB samples were suitable to screen for diabetes in persons with sufficient BOP to obtain a sample without touching the tooth or gingival margin (i.e., in patients having the basic clinical signs of gingivitis or periodontal disease).
Oral Inflammatory Burden and Preterm Birth
Authors: Heimonen Aura , Janket Sok‐Ja , Kaaja Risto , Ackerson Leland K. , Muthukrishnan Preetika , Meurman Jukka H. 
Published: June 2009

Background: Earlier studies on the association between oral inflammation and preterm birth limited the inflammation source to periodontal disease. This might have caused an underestimation of the total inflammatory burden from the oral cavity.Methods: We conducted a postpartum cross‐sectional study of 328 Finnish women with singleton births, of whom 77 had preterm births and 251 had full‐term births. Gingival bleeding on probing, probing depth, and the presence of dental calculus and mouth ulcers were recorded; the oral inflammatory burden index (OIBI) was constructed based on these clinical findings. A data‐driven oral inflammation score (OIS) was also created by stochastically combining the same parameters assessed independently. We used the t, Mann‐Whitney, and χ2 tests for univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression methods to examine the association between OIBI/OIS and preterm birth. The confounders adjusted for were age, smoking (past, present, and never), diabetes (type 1, type 2, and gestational), primiparity, antimicrobial treatment as a proxy for systemic infection, infertility treatment, and weight gain during pregnancy.Results: OIBI was significantly associated with preterm birth after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10 to 3.10; P = 0.02). Without adjusting for weight gain, OIS was significantly associated with preterm birth (OR, 1.97; 95% CI: 1.09 to 3.57; P = 0.03); however, this association became non‐significant after adding weight gain to the model.Conclusion: The combined effects of multiple oral infections were significantly associated with preterm birth.
Influence of Early Cover Screw Exposure on Crestal Bone Loss Around Implants: Intraindividual Comparison of Bone Level at Exposed and Non‐Exposed Implants
Authors: Kim Tae‐Hyung , Lee Dong‐Won , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Park Kwang‐Ho , Moon Ik‐Sang 
Published: June 2009

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of early exposure of the cover screw on crestal bone loss around implants.Methods: The study population consisted of 19 patients who were treated with dental implants placed using a two‐stage surgical protocol and had early exposed and non‐exposed implants (20 early exposed and 20 non‐exposed implants). The crestal bone loss at exposed and non‐exposed implants in each patient was evaluated with a periapical radiograph taken at the first surgery and at suprastructure insertion using a computerized image‐analysis system. The bone loss was compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.Results: The mean crestal bone loss at exposed implants was 0.40 ± 0.53 mm, and it was 0.18 ± 0.26 mm at non‐exposed implants. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test revealed a statistically significant difference in crestal bone loss between exposed and non‐exposed implants in the same patient (P = 0.02).Conclusions: The early exposure of the cover screw that results in breakdown of the mucosal seal seems to accelerate early peri‐implant crestal bone loss. Periodic follow‐up after the first surgery may be critical for minimizing the influence of early exposure.
Short‐Term Effects of Non‐Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Plasma Level of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Tamaki Naofumi , Tomofuji Takaaki , Ekuni Daisuke , Yamanaka Reiko , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Morita Manabu 
Published: June 2009

Background: Elevated levels of blood reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with the severity of periodontitis. Therefore, improvement of periodontitis may result in a decrease in blood ROS. However, it is unclear how periodontal treatment affects blood ROS. Recently, reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) were recognized as a useful measure of blood ROS. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on plasma ROMs in patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Nineteen subjects with chronic periodontitis (mean age: 46.8 years) were monitored at baseline (prior to scaling and root planing) and 1 and 2 months after therapy. Dental health parameters were evaluated, and plasma was obtained at these time points from patients and controls (19 subjects without periodontitis; mean age: 45.3 years). The plasma ROM level was determined using a spectrophotometric technique.Results: At baseline, patients with chronic periodontitis had higher plasma ROM level (441.8 ± 71.1 Carratelli units) than the control subjects (324.4 ± 34.0 Carratelli units; P <0.01). Probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing in patients with chronic periodontitis showed a significant improvement 2 months after non‐surgical periodontal treatment, and this was accompanied by a significant reduction in plasma ROM level (P <0.01).Conclusions: In patients with chronic periodontitis, non‐surgical periodontal treatment was effective at improving clinical parameters and reducing plasma ROMs. The improvement in chronic periodontitis by non‐surgical periodontal treatment might offer clinical benefits by decreasing blood ROS.
Significance of the Epithelial Collar on the Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft
Authors: Byun Ho‐Young , Oh Tae‐Ju , Abuhussein Heba M. , Yamashita Junro , Soehren Stephen E. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: June 2009

Background: Most clinicians adopt two versions of the subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) procedure, SCTG with or without the epithelial collar on the graft combined with a coronally advanced flap (CAF). However, limited evidence is available to determine whether a retained epithelial collar on an SCTG is needed for a better outcome. The goal of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of the two SCTG techniques (i.e., SCTG with or without an epithelial collar).Methods: Twenty patients with Miller Class I or II gingival defects ≥2.0 mm were recruited for the study. The patients were randomly assigned to receive an SCTG with a retained epithelial collar + CAF (SCTGE; n = 10) or an SCTG without an epithelial collar + CAF (SCTGN; n = 10). Clinical parameters, including recession depth, recession width (RW), width of keratinized gingiva (KW), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months after surgery.Results: SCTGE and SCTGN groups exhibited significant root coverage at 3 and 6 months compared to baseline (P <0.05). The SCTGE group had mean root coverage of 97.50% ± 7.90% at 6 months compared to 89.10% ± 25.93% in the SCTGN group, with no significant difference between the groups. At 6 months, complete root coverage was seen in nine of 10 and seven of 10 subjects from SCTGE and SCTGN groups, respectively. Mean KW at 3 months for the SCTGE group was 4.10 ± 1.10 mm, whereas in the SCTGN group it was 2.75 ± 0.68 mm. Mean RW was 0 mm and 1.20 ± 1.60 mm for SCTGE and SCTGN groups, respectively. KW and RW were statistically significantly different between the two groups at 3 months; however, this significance was not seen at 6 months. Other clinical parameters (CAL, PD, thickness of the recipient gingival tissue, PI, GI, and the wound healing index) showed no significant differences between the groups at any time point.Conclusions: Both SCTG techniques (with or without the epithelial collar) provided predictable and successful root coverage (≥89%). This study suggests that a retained epithelial collar on the SCTG may not provide a significant benefit with regard to clinical parameters.
Fractional Flow Theory for Suspension Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs
Authors: Bedrikovetsky P. G. , Monteiro P. S. , Neto A. M. M. , Riente A. F. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Transport of particle suspensions in oil reservoirs occurs during sea or produced water injection with particle capture and consequent injectivity decline, produced water disposal in aquifers and subterranean water contamination, drilling fluid invasion causing formation damage, fines migration during production of heavy oils in low consolidated reservoirs resulting in productivity decline and during sand production control by gravel packs and sand screens.
Previous studies derive micro and macro scale equations for deep bed filtration in rocks. A finite size particle cannot enter smaller pore; it also cannot approach the wall of the larger pore closer that its radius. Therefore, mono dispersed suspension and clean water move in separate parts of porous space, and have different viscosities and densities. The suspension "saturation" is so-called accessibility factor. Relative permeabilities for each "phase" in modified Darcy's law depend on saturation and on deposited particle concentration. It closes system of equations for mono dispersed suspension transport in porous media. Finally, so-called flux reduction factor turned to be the fractional flow function. The closed macro scale system has fractional flow type. The developed model significantly differs from the classical filtration model.
In the current work, the laboratory data on injectivity impairment with suspension coreflood were treated. The model exhibits good agreement with experimental data.