bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a microplate coagulation assay for Factor V in human plasma
Authors: Tilley Derek , Levit Irina , Samis John A 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Factor V (FV) in its activated form, FVa, is a critical regulator of thrombin generation during fibrin clot formation. There is a need of a simple, fast, and inexpensive microplate-based coagulation assay to measure the functional activity of FV in human plasma. The objective of this study was to develop a microplate-based assay that measures FV coagulation activity during clot formation in human plasma, which is currently not available.

Methods
The FV assay requires a kinetic microplate reader to measure the change in absorbance at 405nm during fibrin formation in human plasma. The FV assay accurately measures the time, initial rate, and extent of fibrin clot formation in human plasma.

Results
The FV microplate assay is simple, fast, economical, sensitive to approx 24-80pM, and multiple samples may be analyzed simultaneously. All the required materials are commercially available. Standard curves of time or initial rate of fibrin clot formation vs FV activity in the 1-stage assay (Without activation by thrombin) may be used to measure FV activity in samples of human plasma. The assay was used to demonstrate that in nine patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the FV 1-stage, 2-stage (With activation by thrombin), and total (2-stage activity - 1-stage activity) activities were decreased, on average, by approximately 54%, 44%, and 42%, respectively, from prolonged clot times when compared to normal pooled human reference plasma (NHP). The results indicate that the FV in the DIC patient plasmas supported both a delayed and slower rate of fibrin clot formation compared with NHP; however, the extent of fibrin clot formation in the DIC patients remained largely unchanged from that observed with NHP.

Conclusions
The FV microplate assay may be easily adapted to measure the activity of any coagulation factor using the appropriate factor-deficient plasma and clot initiating reagent. The microplate assay will find use in both research and clinical laboratories to provide measurement of the functional coagulation activity of FV in human plasma.
Inhibition of cyclophilins alters lipid trafficking and blocks hepatitis C virus secretion
Authors: Anderson Leah J , Lin Kai , Compton Teresa , Wiedmann Brigitte 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Host cyclophilin (cyp) inhibitors, such as NIM811, efficiently inhibit replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and have shown significant promise in recent clinical trials for the treatment of chronic HCV. It is therefore important to fully understand the mechanism of action of these therapeutic agents. Data obtained from comprehensive systems biology approaches have led to the hypothesis that the antiviral activity of cyclophilin inhibitors is mediated through impairing the cellular machinery on which HCV relies to traffic cofactors necessary for formation of the replication complex. Indeed, our results demonstrate when cyclophilins are inhibited by NIM811, lipid and protein trafficking within the VLDL pathway is impaired. Following treatment of replicon or HCV infected cells with NIM811, intracellular lipid droplets (LD) more than double in size and decrease in number. Changes in the LDs in response to cyclophilin inhibition are dependent upon expression of viral proteins. Additionally, in cells treated with NIM811, apoB accumulates in a crescent or ring shaped structure surrounding the enlarged LDs and is no longer secreted. Silencing of cypA or cyp40 using siRNA had a similar effect on LD size and apoB localization as compound treatment, suggesting these cyclophilins may play an important role in lipid and apoB trafficking. Interestingly, the decrease in apoB secretion correlates with a decrease in release of viral particles in HCV infected cells. Altogether, these results add a new level of complexity to the mechanism of action of cyclophilin inhibition, and suggest the role for cyclophilins in the virus life cycle extends beyond replication to virus release.
IFN-γ production by lung NK cells is critical for the natural resistance to pulmonary metastasis of B16 melanoma in mice
Authors: Takeda Kazuyoshi , Nakayama Masafumi , Sakaki Masashi , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Imawari Michio , Ogasawara Kouetsu , Okumura Ko , Smyth Mark J 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTNK cells are effector lymphocytes playing a critical role in the natural resistance against tumors. However, the precise mechanisms underlying NK cell-mediated natural resistance against tumor metastasis are still unrevealed. B16 cells, mouse melanoma cells, were resistant to freshly isolated NK cell-mediated killing; nevertheless, NK cells were critical for natural resistance against experimental lung metastasis of B16 cells. We found that lung metastasis was increased significantly in IFN-γ–/– mice but not pfp–/–, IFN-αR–/–, or IL-12/IL-18–/– mice. Interestingly, freshly isolated lung NK cells, but not spleen or liver NK cells, displayed augmented IFN-γ production after B16 inoculation. Adoptive transfer of pfp–/– NK cells, but not IFN-γ–/– NK cells, significantly decreased B16 lung metastasis in IFN-γ–/– and pfp/IFN-γ–/–mice. Lung metastases of IFN-γRDN B16 was also increased in NK cell-depleted or IFN-γ–/– mice, suggesting that the IFN-γ response of host cells was required in the NK cell and IFN-γ-mediated antimetastatic effect. Our results demonstrate that IFN-γ production from lung resident NK cells is a key response in the natural resistance to the experimental lung metastasis of NK cell-resistant tumor cells.
Maximal representation dimension of finite p-groups
Authors: Cernele Shane , Kamgarpour Masoud , Reichstein Zinovy 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The representation dimension rdim(G) of a finite group G is the smallest positive integer m for which there exists an embedding of G in GL
m
(ℂ). In this paper we find the largest value of rdim(G), as G ranges over all groups of order pn
, for a fixed prime p and a fixed exponent n ⩾ 1.
Thermal insulation performance of aerated lightweight concrete
Authors: Ng Soon-Ching , Low Kaw-Sai , Lim Siong-Kang 
Published: June 2011

Building envelopes that insulate buildings against heat and cold are receiving increasing attention as a promising passive energy-efficient measure in building construction. The experimental study reported here evaluates the thermal insulation performance of aerated lightweight concrete of different densities produced by incorporating either 100% sand or 100% soil as filler. Experimental aerated lightweight concrete wall panels (750 mm long, 750 mm wide and 40 mm thick) were cast and tested. Both soil-based and sand-based (control) aerated lightweight concrete panels were cured in a room with a prevailing temperature of approximately 29°C. The temperature gradient for soil-based aerated lightweight concrete panels was found to be superior to that of control aerated lightweight concrete panels of comparable density. The results indicate the potential improvement of soil-based aerated lightweight concrete in terms of thermal insulation compared with sand-based aerated lightweight concrete.
The Ants of the Genus Lasius (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Late Eocene European Ambers
Authors: Dlussky G. 
Published: June 2011

The Ants of the GenusLasius(Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Late Eocene European AmbersFinds of the genusLasiusFabricius in the Baltic, Bitterfeldian, Rovno, and Scandinavian Ambers (Late Eocene) are revised. Neotypes ofL. pumilusMayr, 1868 andL. punctulatusMayr, 1868 are designated. A key to workers and gynes ofLasiusspecies from the Late Eocene European ambers is compiled. AllLasiusspecies from these ambers belong to the subgenusLasiuss. str.L. schiefferdeckeriMayr, 1868 is one of most abundant ant species in the Late Eocene European ambers: it consists 15.2-19.5% of all ant specimens in Baltic Amber, 24.5% in Bitterfeldian Amber, 23.8% in Rovno Amber, and 23.6% in Scandinavian Amber of the examined collections. Based on the features of fossilization of this species, it is possible to assume that at least in part it constructed arboreal nests and made roads to aphids' colonies. The list of nine ant species found in syninclusions withL. schiefferdeckeriis provided.
New Species and New Records of Mites of the Genus Pediculaster (Acari, Heterostigmata, Pygmephoridae) from Ukraine
Authors: Khaustov A. 
Published: June 2011

New Species and New Records of Mites of the GenusPediculaster(Acari, Heterostigmata, Pygmephoridae) from UkraineA new speciesPediculaster dudinskyiKhaustov, sp. n. is described from Transcarpatian region of Ukraine.Pediculaster hungaricusMahunka et Zaki, 1982 andP. rugosusMahunka, 1973 are recorded from Ukraine for the first time.
Quantified Surface Improvement Using Temperature Cycle Injection Moulding
Authors: Wlodarski P. G. , Pittman J. F. T. , Sienz J. , Crow K. , Foad R. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
In temperature cycle injection moulding (TCIM) of thermoplastics, the mould cavity surface is heated rapidly to a temperature close to the glass transition or crystalline melting point of the resin before melt injection, and then cooled after injection is complete. A range of important benefits of the process are listed, among which is surface improvement, and results are presented that quantify in detail the improvements achhieved. Weldline dimensions and surface roughness are determined using white light inteferometry, with a scale of inspection below 5 nm. For a qualitative comparison of the surface finish, photography and stereomicroscopy are used. Weld lines on conventional ABS/PMMA parts are up to 17 μm deep and 70 μm wide, hence clearly visible, whereas they are not detectable on TCIM parts. Surface roughness, Ra, on these parts is found to be 37 nm for conventional parts, reducing to 20 nm using TCIM. Surface roughness is compared for conventional and TCIM mouldings in chemically foamed ABS, foamed PP with and without talc, and long-fibre-glass filled PP. For the conventionally produced foamed parts, Ra is approximately 1500 nm. Using TCIM, Ra reduces to 30 nm for ABS, 70 nm for unfilled PP and 130 nm for PP with talc. Visually, this corresponds to a change from a heavily patterned, striated appearance to a uniform glossy surface. The parts in long-fibre (11 mm) filled PP show a reduction in Ra from 1600 nm to 150 nm using TCIM. The conventionally moulded parts have a rough, pitted surface; the TCIM parts are smooth and glossy.
Patterns of diversity in leaves from canopies of Ginkgo biloba are revealed using Specific Leaf Area as a morphological character
Authors: Christianson Michael L. , Niklas Karl J. 
Published: June 2011

• Premise of the study: The difference reported in the literature for the Specific Leaf Area (SLA, cm2/g) of leaves on short‐ and long‐shoots of Acer rubrum could mean that SLA can serve as a quantitative morphological trait. Our survey of SLA in canopies of Ginkgo biloba sampled a different clade of seed plants to investigate this morphological phenomenon. Such a survey in this dioecious taxon, and one in which a single canopy may have juvenile and reproductive portions, as well as one where canopies bear leaves of several shapes, examine these additional morphological factors as well as any long‐shoot short‐shoot differences.• Methods: We measured SLA for a set of 642 dried leaves, a sampling across all morphological levels in canopies of large landscape specimens. The tabulated values were analyzed as distributions.• Key results: Populations of leaves of G. biloba, sorted by morphological features of canopy structure, differ between long‐ and short‐shoots (175%), on the two genders of tree (131%), in the juvenile and reproductive portions of a canopy (183%), and with the presence or absence of seed on short‐shoots in the reproductive portion of megasporangiate canopies (114%). Basipetal leaves of long‐shoots and leaves of short‐shoots have similar values of SLA.• Conclusions: With the exception of the acropetal decrease in SLA along long‐shoots, the differences among the several classes of leaf seem to reflect local sink strength, even though the sink itself develops after leaves mature. The large overall range in the values of SLA in Ginkgo underscores the relevance of the details of canopy structure to parsing ecological phenomena.
Characterizations of Model Manifolds by Means of Certain Differential Systems
Authors: Pigola S. , Rimoldi M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe prove metric rigidity for complete manifolds supporting solutions of certain second order differential systems, thus extending classical works on a characterization of space-forms. Along the way, we also discover new characterizations of space-forms. We next generalize results concerning metric rigidity via equations involving vector fields.
Corticosteroid Injections and Risk of Fracture
Authors: Sytsma Terin T. , Thomas Shannon , Fischer Karen M. , Greenlund Laura S. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceCorticosteroid injections (CSIs) are an important tool for pain relief in many musculoskeletal conditions, but the longitudinal effects of these treatments on bone health and fracture risk are unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether cumulative doses of corticosteroid injections are associated with higher risk of subsequent osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic fractures.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included adult patients receiving any CSI from May 1, 2018, through July 1, 2022. Eligible patients resided in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and were empaneled to receive primary care within the Mayo Clinic. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate risk of fracture based on cumulative injected corticosteroid dose.ExposureReceipt of any CSI during the study period.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was risk of fracture by total triamcinolone equivalents received. Secondary outcomes consisted of risks of fracture based on triamcinolone equivalents received in subgroups of patients not at high risk for fracture and patients with osteoporosis.ResultsA total of 7197 patients were included in the study (mean [SD] age, 64.4 [14.6] years; 4435 [61.6%] women; 183 [2.5%] Black and 6667 [92.6%] White), and 346 (4.8%) had a new fracture during the study period. Of these fractures, 149 (43.1%) were considered osteoporotic. In the adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model, there was no association of higher fracture risk based on cumulative CSI dose (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.04 [95% CI, 0.96-1.11]). There was also no associated higher risk of fracture in the non–high-risk (adjusted HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.98-1.26]) or osteoporosis (adjusted HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.90-1.11]) subgroups. Age, Charleson Comorbidity Index, and previous fracture were the only factors that were associated with higher fracture risk.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of cumulative injected corticosteroid dose and risk of subsequent fracture, no association was observed, including in patients with a preexisting diagnosis of osteoporosis. Treatment of painful conditions with CSI should not be withheld or delayed owing to concern about fracture risk.
Coupling Antisite Defect and Lattice Tensile Stimulates Facile Isotropic Li‐Ion Diffusion
Authors: Luo Jiawei , Zhang Jingchao , Guo Zhaoxin , Liu Zhedong , Wang Chunying , Jiang Haoran , Zhang Jinfeng , Fan Longlong , Zhu He , Xu Yunhua , Liu Rui , Ding Jia , Chen Yanan , Hu Wenbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite widely used as a commercial cathode, the anisotropic 1D channel hopping of lithium ions along the [010] direction in LiFePO4 prevents its application in fast charging conditions. Herein, an ultrafast nonequilibrium high‐temperature shock technology is employed to controllably introduce the Li–Fe antisite defects and tensile strain into the lattice of LiFePO4. This design makes the study of the effect of the strain field on the performance further extended from the theoretical calculation to the experimental perspective. The existence of Li–Fe antisite defects makes it feasible for Li+ to move from the 4a site of the edge‐sharing octahedra across the ab plane to 4c site of corner‐sharing octahedra, producing a new diffusion channel different from [010]. Meanwhile, the presence of a tensile strain field reduces the energy barrier of the new 2D diffusion path. In the combination of electrochemical experiments and first‐principles calculations, the unique multiscale coupling structure of Li–Fe antisite defects and lattice strain promotes isotropic 2D interchannel Li+ hopping, leading to excellent fast charging performance and cycling stability (high‐capacity retention of 84.4% after 2000 cycles at 10 C). The new mechanism of Li+ diffusion kinetics accelerated by multiscale coupling can guide the design of high‐rate electrodes.
Electrosynthesis of Tetrasubstituted Sulfonated Pyrazoles through Iodide‐Mediated Multicomponent Coupling
Authors: Mahanty Kingshuk , Ghosh Sayan , Dubey Abhishek , De Sarkar Suman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn electrochemical protocol for synthesizing tetra‐substituted sulfonated pyrazoles is developed. The notable feature of this method is the electrocatalytic generation of an active iodine species, which enables the direct use of 1,3 dicarbonyls as the reactant and also eliminates the necessity for external electrolytes. A wide range of functionalities are compatible under the electrocatalytic condition, resulting good to excellent production of the desired pyrazole derivatives. Detailed synthetic and electrochemical studies enlighten the electrocatalytic pathway.
How Thick Aqueous Alkali Should be Better for Aluminum‐Air Batteries at Sub‐Zero Temperatures: A Critical Anti‐Freezing Concentration
Authors: Cui Hongyu , Gao Ming , Cao Guoqin , Liu Fanfan , Hu Junhua , Ban Jinjin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe application of portable aluminum‐air batteries (AABs) in extreme environments is an inevitable demand for future development. Aqueous electrolyte freezing is a major challenge for low‐temperature operations. Conventionally, enlightened by the organic system in metal ion batteries, blindly increasing the concentration is regarded as an efficient technique to reduce the freezing point (FP). However, the underlying contradiction between the adjusting mechanism of the FP and OH− transportation is ignored. Herein, the aqueous alkali solution of CsOH is researched as a prototype to disclose the intrinsic conductive behavior and related solvent structure evolution. Different from these inorganic electrolyte systems, the concept of a critical anti‐freezing concentration (CFC) is proposed based on a specific temperature. The relationship between hydrogen bond reconstruction and de‐solvation behavior is analyzed. A high conductivity is obtained at −30 °C, which is also a recorded value in an intrinsic aqueous AAB. The homogenous dissolution of the Al anode is also observed. As a general rule, the CFC concept is also applied in both the KOH and NaOH systems.
High‐Performance Azo Cathodes Enabled by N‐Heteroatomic Substitution for Zinc Batteries with a Self‐Charging Capability
Authors: Du Dawei , Chen Yuqi , Zhang Hao , Zhao Jiapeng , Jin Lanyu , Ji Weixiao , Huang He , Pang Siping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRedox‐active azo compounds are emerging as promising cathode materials due to their multi‐electron redox capacity and fast redox response. However, their practical application is often limited by low output voltage and poor thermal stability. Herein, we use a heteroatomic substitution strategy to develop 4,4′‐azopyridine. This modification results in a 350 mV increase in reduction potential compared to traditional azobenzene, increasing the energy density at the material level from 187 to 291 Wh kg−1. The introduced heteroatoms not only raise the melting point of azo compounds from 68 °C to 112 °C by forming an intermolecular hydrogen‐bond network but also improves electrode kinetics by reducing energy band gaps. Moreover, 4,4′‐azopyridine forms metal‐ligand complexes with Zn2+ ions, which further self‐assemble into a robust superstructure, acting as a molecular conductor to facilitate charge transfer. Consequently, the batteries display a good rate performance (192 mAh g−1 at 20 C) and an ultra‐long lifespan of 60,000 cycles. Notably, we disclose that the depleted batteries spontaneously self‐charge when exposed to air, marking a significant advancement in the development of self‐powered aqueous systems.
Pyrene‐Alkyne‐Based Conjugated Porous Polymers with Skeleton Distortion‐Mediated ⋅O2− and 1O2 Generation for High‐Selectivity Organic Photosynthesis
Authors: Li Guobang , Qiu Tianyu , Wu Qi , Zhao Zhao , Wang Lili , Li Yangguang , Geng Yun , Tan Huaqiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in determining photocatalytic reaction pathways, intermediate species, and product selectivity. However, research on ROS regulation in polymer photocatalysts is still in its early stages. Herein, we successfully achieved series of modulations to the skeleton of Pyrene‐alkyne‐based (Tetraethynylpyrene (TEPY)) conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) by altering the linkers (1,4‐dibromobenzene (BE), 4,4′‐dibromobiphenyl (IP), and 3,3′‐dibromobiphenyl (BP)). Experiments combined with theoretical calculations indicate that BE‐TEPY exhibits a planar structure with minimal exciton binding energy, which favors exciton dissociation followed by charge transfer with adsorbed O2 to produce ⋅O2−. Thus BE‐TEPY shows optimal photocatalytic activity for phenylboronic acid oxidation and [3+2] cycloaddition. Conversely, the skeleton of BP‐TEPY is significantly distorted. Its planar conjugation decreases, intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency increases, which makes it more prone for resonance energy transfer to generate 1O2. Therefore, BP‐TEPY displays best photocatalytic activity in [4+2] cycloaddition and thioanisole oxidation. Both above reactant conversion and its product selectivity exceed 99 %. This work systematically reveals the intrinsic structure–activity relationship among the skeleton structure of CPPs, excitonic behavior, and selective generation of ROS, providing new insights for the rational design of highly efficient and selective CPPs photocatalysts.
Amorphous MnRuOx Containing Microcrystalline for Enhanced Acidic Oxygen‐Evolution Activity and Stability
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Xu Liangliang , Yang Xiaoxuan , Guo Song , Zhang Yifei , Zhao Yang , Wu Gang , Li Gao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCompared to Ir, Ru‐based catalysts often exhibited higher activity but suffered significant and rapid activity loss during the challenging oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a corrosive acidic environment. Herein, we developed a hybrid MnRuOx catalyst in which the RuO2 microcrystalline regions serve as a supporting framework, and the amorphous MnRuOx phase fills the microcrystalline interstices. In particular, the MnRuOx‐300 catalyst from an annealing temperature of 300 °C contains an optimal amorphous/crystalline heterostructure, providing substantial defects and active sites, facilitating efficient adsorption and conversion of OH−. In addition, the heterostructure leads to a relative increase of the d‐band center close to the Fermin level, thus accelerating electron transfer with reduced charge transfer resistance at the active interface between crystalline and amorphous phases during the OER. The catalyst was further thoroughly evaluated under various operating conditions and demonstrated exceptional activity and stability for the OER, representing a promising solution to replace Ir in water electrolyzers.