bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome after proximal gastrectomy with jejunal interposition for suspected early cancer in the upper third of the stomach
Authors: Katai H , Morita S , Saka M , Taniguchi H , Fukagawa T 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Proximal gastrectomy was introduced as a function-preserving operation for early gastric cancer (EGC). The aim of this study was to investigate long-term outcomes after this procedure.

Methods
Between 1993 and 2005, patients with suspected EGC in the upper third of the stomach underwent proximal gastrectomy. The long-term oncological and surgical outcomes were assessed.

Results
Of 128 patients thought to have EGC, 14 had advanced disease. Nodal involvement was seen in 13 patients (10·2 per cent). Postoperative complications developed in 20 (15·6 per cent). Anastomotic stricture was the most frequent complication, occurring in 13 patients (10·2 per cent). There were no postoperative deaths. During follow-up, nine patients (7·0 per cent) were hospitalized owing to bowel obstruction. Eight (6·3 per cent) developed a second primary gastric carcinoma. The overall 5-year survival rate was 90·5 per cent.

Conclusion
Proximal gastrectomy is well tolerated, with excellent outcomes in patients with suspected EGC. It is recommended as a standard procedure for the treatment of EGC in the upper third of the stomach.
Localization of the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina using palpable, bony landmarks
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , Surek Christopher C. , Cortez Edwin A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to locate the infraorbital, supraorbital, and mental foramina by using palpable anatomical landmarks that are conducive to surgical use. Fourteen embalmed cadavers (27 sides) were dissected to expose the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina. Measurements were made from the lateral orbital rim at the zygomaticofrontal (ZF) suture to both the supraorbital and infraorbital foramina. The distance from the inferior orbital rim at the zygomaticomaxillary (ZM) suture to both foramina was also measured. The distance to the mental foramen was measured from the angle and the inferior border of the mandible. The supraorbital foramen was located 26.2 ± 2.8 mm medial and 13.5 ± 3.7 mm superior to the ZF suture. The infraorbital foramen was located 23.8 ± 3.1 mm medial and 30.9 ± 3.8 mm inferior to the ZF suture, on average. Vertical measurements made from the ZM suture to the supraorbital foramen averaged 34.4 ± 3.6 mm and from the ZM suture to the infraorbital foramina averaged 7.6 ± 2.2 mm. The mental foramen was 64.2 ± 6.4 mm medial to the angle of the mandible and 12.9 ± 1.6 mm superior to the inferior border of the mandible. This study provides data that may be useful in predicting the location of the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina using palpable landmarks. These data may be particularly helpful for surgery in patients with missing teeth or fractures of the maxillary bone. Clin. Anat., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional high‐resolution reconstruction of the human gastro‐oesophageal junction
Authors: Yassi R. , Cheng L.K. , Al‐Ali S. , Sands G. , Gerneke D. , LeGrice I. , Pullan A.J. , Windsor J.A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to obtain detailed information regarding the three‐dimensional structure of the gastro‐oesophageal region, and, in particular, the fiber orientation of the different muscle layers of the junction. This was achieved by a study of an en bloc resection of the gastro‐oesophageal junction (GOJ) harvested from a human cadaver. The excised tissue block was suspended in a cage to preserve anatomical relationships, fixed in formalin and embedded in wax. The tissue block was then processed by a custom‐built extended‐volume imaging system to obtain the microstructural information using a digital camera which acquires images at a resolution of 8.2 μm/pixel. The top surface of the tissue block was sequentially stained and imaged. At each step, the imaged surface was milled off at a depth of 50 μm. The processing of the tissue block resulted in 650 images covering a length of 32.25 mm of the GOJ. Structures, including the different muscle and fascial layers, were then traced out from the cross‐sectional images using color thresholding. The traced regions were then aligned and assembled to provide a three‐dimensional representation of the GOJ. The result is the detailed three‐dimensional microstructural anatomy of the GOJ represented in a new way. The next stage will be to integrate key physiological events, including peristalsis and relaxation, into this model using mathematical modeling to allow accurate visual tools for training health professionals and patients. Clin. Anat. 23:287–296, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case of persistent left and absent right superior caval vein: An anatomical and embryological perspective
Authors: Jacob Monika , Sokoll Andrea , Mannherz Hans Georg 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe relatively common persistent left superior caval vein (LSCV) is in most cases associated with doubling of the superior caval vein. A persistent LSCV with absent right superior caval vein (RSCV)—a rather rare event—was found during our course of gross anatomy. The LSCV drained into an enlarged coronary sinus, which was partly accompanied by an apparent “double” sinus of normal size draining into this enlarged coronary sinus. Histological and immunofluorescence studies using antibodies against smooth and cardiac muscle actins were performed. The terminal part of the LSCV near the opening into the right atrium contained cardiac actin as expected for a normal derivative of the left sinus horn. Previously only one case of doubled coronary sinus with LSCV has been reported and this abnormality was explained by splitting of the sinus. In our case, the partly doubled coronary sinus had the structure of coronary veins. Mechanical forces have been invoked for the obliteration of the LSCV. Therefore, we examined thirteen human embryos from 15 mm to 32 mm crown‐rump length. In one embryo, we found a persistent LSCV together with an enormously enlarged left atrium. Contrary to previous suggestions our data indicate that during normal development a compression of the left anterior cardinal vein does not sufficiently explain the obliteration of the left and the persistence of the right vein. We therefore believe that beside a left dominated blood flow of head and arm, genes for left‐right signaling may have to be taken into consideration. Clin. Anat. 23:277–286, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Comparative In Situ HP‐FTIR Spectroscopic Study of Bi‐ and Monodentate Phosphite‐Modified Hydroformylation
Authors: Kubis Christoph , Ludwig Ralf , Sawall Mathias , Neymeyr Klaus , Börner Armin , Wiese Klaus‐Diether , Hess Dieter , Franke Robert , Selent Detlef 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed phosphite‐modified hydroformylation of 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐butene is comparatively studied for a bidentate and a monodentate phosphite using in situ high‐pressure (HP) FTIR spectroscopy and GC analysis. With the bidentate ligand at 70 °C, a pseudo‐first‐order reaction with respect to the olefin takes place, with the pentacoordinate hydrido complex being the only detectable intermediate during the reaction. In contrast, for the monodentate ligand, a zeroth‐ to pseudo‐first‐order shift is characteristic with the major intermediate for this system subsequently changing from the coordinatively saturated acyl complex to the respective hydrido complex already at low conversions. Application of the PCD (pure component decomposition) algorithm to the reaction spectra affords the concentration versus time profiles of these intermediates, providing proof that the reaction rate remains controlled by rhodium acyl hydrogenolysis even at medium to high olefin conversions when the corresponding hydrido complex is the major organometallic component. If the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 30 °C in neat olefin, results from both GC and HP‐FTIR verify an intermediate regime of saturation kinetics and also the presence of an acyl complex at low olefin conversions for the diphosphite. Initial turnover frequencies of 237 h−1 and 1040 h−1 are obtained for the mono‐ and the diphosphite, respectively, at 30 °C, which implies an intrinsically faster hydrogenolysis of the diphosphite‐derived acyl rhodium complex at this low temperature.
Simultaneous Analysis of Natural Free Estrogens and Their Conjugates in Wastewater by GC‐MS
Authors: Liu Ze‐Hua , Hashimoto Takeshi , Okumura Yoichi , Kanjo Yoshinori , Mizutani Satoshi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA solid‐phase extraction (SPE)‐gas chromatography (GC)‐mass spectrometry (MS) analytical method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of natural free estrogens and their conjugates in wastewater samples. Natural free estrogens and their conjugates in wastewater were successfully separated by the oasis hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance solid phase extraction (Oasis HLB SPE) method, and the conjugates were initially enzyme hydrolyzed by β‐glucuronidase or arylsulfatase from Helix pomatia prior to derivatization. N‐methyl‐N‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) plus 1% tert‐butyldimetheylchlorosilane (TBDMCS) was chosen as the derivatization reagent, and the most appropriate conditions of derivatization were determined to be at 95°C for 90 min. The recovery ratios of nine target chemicals were determined by spiking them in 1 L of ultra‐purified water or the influent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The recovery ratios of six out of nine for the analytes ranged from 73.3–114.9% with relative standard deviations (RSD) from 1.6–19.9%. The established method was successfully applied to environmental wastewater samples which were collected from one municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Osaka, Japan, for the determination of natural free estrogens and their conjugates. In the influent sample, E1, E2, E1‐3S, E3‐3S, and E1‐3G were detected at concentrations of 16.6, 9.6, 8.2, 21.9, and 3.2 ng L–1, respectively. However, only E1 was detected at a high concentration of 44 ng L–1 in the effluent sample, suggesting that it is the dominant natural free estrogen in the effluent.
Gold Nanoparticle Ensembles Allow Mechanistic Insights into Electrochemical Processes
Authors: Khairy Mohamed , Choudry Nadeem A. , Ouasti Mohamed , Kampouris Dimitrios K. , Kadara Rashid O. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGold‐nanoparticle‐modified electrodes find wide and diverse applications in the area of electrochemistry. We demonstrate for the first time that gold‐nanoparticle‐modified electrodes can provide mechanistic information and we exemplify this with the electrochemical deposition of arsenic(III). Our approach of using nanoparticle ensembles is a facile and economical methodology that provides an alternative to using expensive gold single‐crystal electrodes that require careful surface preparation before each measurement.
Detection of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients utilizing multiparameter flow cytometry and assessment of the prognosis of patients in different CTCs levels
Authors: Hu Yanjie , Fan Lingling , Zheng Jin'e , Cui Rui , Liu Wei , He Yanli , Li Xin , Huang Shiang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe wanted to demonstrate the value of multiparameter flow cytometry in detecting human tumor cells of breast cancer (BC) (SKBR‐3) in normal peripheral blood. In addition, we investigated a cluster of patients to compare the overall survival (OS) between advanced BC patients [circulating tumor cells (CTCs) ≥5 group] and limited BC patients (CTCs <5 group). SKBR‐3 human BC cells were serially diluted in normal whole blood to demonstrate the sensitivity of multiparameter flow cytometry for detecting CTCs, and we also compared the specificity with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method. On the other hand, we detected CTCs among 45 patients by multiparameter flow cytometry. OS was calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier product limit method, and compared it between CTCs <5 and CTCs ≥5 groups with the log‐rank test. Cox regression models were fitted to determine the associated factors on survival. Human BC cells (SKBR‐3) could be differentiated from normal blood based on the multiple light scatter and cell surface marker expression by multiparameter flow cytometry. The method was found to have a sensitivity limit of 10−5 and was effective for detecting human BC cells in vivo. It also found that this method had a higher specificity compared with RT‐PCR. For the retrospective study, the median OS was 95 weeks and 65.5 weeks (P < 0.05, 2‐tailed) for patients with CTCs <5 and CTCs ≥5, respectively. Kaplan‐Meier was used to analyze the patients' survival with Log Rank P = 0.004 and Breslow P = 0.003, which showed that these two groups had statistically significant difference. Cox regression analysis was performed, and we found CTCslevels, metastasis and age (P < 0.05) were three relative factors for patients' survival. Multiparameter flow cytometry can detect CTCs effectively and has the potential to be a valuable tool for prognosis assessment among BC patients in clinical situations in China. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Evolving generalized Voronoi diagrams for accurate cellular image segmentation
Authors: Yu Weimiao , Lee Hwee Kuan , Hariharan Srivats , Bu Wenyu , Ahmed Sohail 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAnalyzing cellular morphologies on a cell‐by‐cell basis is vital for drug discovery, cell biology, and many other biological studies. Interactions between cells in their culture environments cause cells to touch each other in acquired microscopy images. Because of this phenomenon, cell segmentation is a challenging task, especially when the cells are of similar brightness and of highly variable shapes. The concept of topological dependence and the maximum common boundary (MCB) algorithm are presented in our previous work (Yu et al., Cytometry Part A 2009;75A:289–297). However, the MCB algorithm suffers a few shortcomings, such as low computational efficiency and difficulties in generalizing to higher dimensions. To overcome these limitations, we present the evolving generalized Voronoi diagram (EGVD) algorithm. Utilizing image intensity and geometric information, EGVD preserves topological dependence easily in both 2D and 3D images, such that touching cells can be segmented satisfactorily. A systematic comparison with other methods demonstrates that EGVD is accurate and much more efficient. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A Metal–Macrocycle Complex as a Fluorescent Sensor for Biological Phosphate Ions in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Huang Xiao‐huan , Lu Yan , He Yong‐bing , Chen Zhi‐hong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe synthesized tetraazamacrocycles 1 and 2 bearing two anthryl groups as sidearms, both of which exhibited high selectivity for the ZnII ion in switching‐on‐type responses in aqueous solution. For ligand 1, ZnII is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle and two amino groups on the pendent arms, which results in proximity between the twofluorophores. So, 1‐ZnII shows obvious excimer emission in aqueous solution. When PPi or ATP was added (pH 7.4), the excimer emission of 1‐ZnII was quenched, whereas monomer emission was revived. To the best of our knowledge, no other known sensor has this characteristic under physiological pH conditions. At the same time, the obvious different fluorescence response of 1‐ZnII for PPi and ATP in water shows that receptor 1‐ZnII can be used as a selective fluorescent chemosensor for PPi and ATP anions.
Mild hydrotreating of biomass pyrolysis oils to produce a suitable refinery feedstock
Authors: French Richard J. , Hrdlicka Jason , Baldwin Robert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFast pyrolysis produces a liquid product that represents ∼70% of the mass of the starting material. However, since the raw oil is highly corrosive, largely immiscible with hydrocarbons, and only partly volatile, it is unsuitable for use in a conventional petroleum refinery or as a finished fuel. Catalytic hydroprocessing can remove oxygen to make a gasoline‐ or diesel‐like product, but the processing costs have not been attractive.Economic analysis suggests that mild hydroprocessing, leaving 7 wt % oxygen in the pyrolysis oil reduce hydrotreating costs to a range that is more economically viable. If the physical and chemical properties of the mildly hydrotreated products were acceptable, these materials could potentially be available for coprocessing in a petroleum refinery leveraging the economies of scale and existing refining infrastructure to produce a lower‐cost product.Mildly hydrotreated pyrolysis oil with low acidity, good miscibility with hydrocarbons, and high volatility was generated in a semibatch laboratory reactor. A 0.5‐L sample was produced at 360°C, 2500 psig hydrogen, with a hydrogen flow of 0.22 sl/g‐oil/h and 10 wt % nickel‐molybdenum/Al2O3 catalyst. Yields were 36% light product (7% oxygen) and 30% liquid residue. This oil will be subjected to further physical and chemical tests to determine the technical feasibility of co‐processing in a petroleum refinery. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010.
Uptake and transport of roxarsone and its metabolites in water spinach as affected by phosphate supply
Authors: Yao Lixian , Li Guoliang , Dang Zhi , Yang Baomei , He Zhaohuan , Zhou Changmin 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX) is widely used as a feed additive in intensive animal production. While an animal is fed with ROX, the As compounds in the manure primarily occur as ROX and its metabolites, including arsenate (As[V]), arsenite (As[III]), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Animal manure is commonly land applied with phosphorous fertilizers in China. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the phytoavailability of ROX, As(V), As(III), MMA, and DMA in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), with the soil amended with 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 g PO4/kg, respectively, plus 2% (w/w manure/soil) chicken manure (CM) bearing ROX and its metabolites. The results indicate that this species of water spinach cannot accumulate ROX and MMA at detectable levels, but As(V), As(III), and DMA were present in all plant samples. Increased phosphorous decreased the shoot As(V) and As(III) in water spinach but did not affect the root As(V). The shoot DMA and root As(III) and DMA were decreased/increased and then increased/decreased by elevated phosphorous. The total phosphorous content (P) in plant tissue did not correlate with the total As or the three As species in tissues. Arsenate, As(III), and DMA were more easily accumulated in the roots, and phosphate considerably inhibited their upward transport. Dimethylarsinic acid had higher transport efficiency than As(V) and As(III), but As(III) was dominant in tissues. Conclusively, phosphate had multiple effects on the accumulation and transport of ROX metabolites, which depended on their levels. However, proper utilization of phosphate fertilizer can decrease the accumulation of ROX metabolites in water spinach when treated with CM containing ROX and its metabolites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:947–951. © 2009 SETAC
Mercury accumulation along a contamination gradient and nondestructive indices of bioaccumulation in amphibians
Authors: Bergeron Christine M. , Bodinof Catherine M. , Unrine Jason M. , Hopkins William A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is an important environmental contaminant due to its global distribution, tendency to bioaccumulate, and toxicity in wildlife. However, Hg has received little attention in amphibians compared to other vertebrates. Amphibians vary widely in life history strategies and feeding ecologies, which could influence Hg exposure and accumulation. To determine whether species and life stage affects Hg bioaccumulation, adults from three species (Plethodon cinereus, Eurycea bislineata, and Bufo americanus) and larvae from the latter two species were collected along a contamination gradient on the South River (VA, USA). Total Hg (THg) concentrations in the contaminated site were 3.5 to 22 times higher than in the reference site. Differences were found in THg concentrations in amphibians that were consistent with their habitat requirements and feeding preferences. In general, adults (3,453 ± 196 ng/g, dry mass) and larvae (2,479 ± 171 ng/g) of the most river-associated species, E. bislineata, had the highest THg concentrations, followed by B. americanus tadpoles (2,132 ± 602 ng/g), whereas adults of the more terrestrial B. americanus (598 ± 117 ng/g) and P. cinereus (583 ± 178 ng/g) had the lowest concentrations. In addition, nondestructive sampling techniques were developed. For the salamander species, THg concentrations in tail tissue were strongly correlated (r ≥ 0.97) with the remaining carcass. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.92) also existed between blood and whole-body THg concentrations in B. americanus. These results suggest that amphibians and their terrestrial predators may be at risk of Hg exposure in this system and that nondestructive methods may be a viable sampling alternative that reduces impacts to local populations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:980–988. © 2010 SETAC
Bioaccumulation and maternal transfer of mercury and selenium in amphibians
Authors: Bergeron Christine M. , Bodinof Catherine M. , Unrine Jason M. , Hopkins William A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAmphibian population declines have been documented worldwide and environmental contaminants are believed to contribute to some declines. Maternal transfer of bioaccumulated contaminants to offspring may be an important and overlooked mechanism of impaired reproductive success that affects amphibian populations. Mercury (Hg) is of particular concern due to its ubiquity in the environment, known toxicity to other wildlife, and complex relationships with other elements, such as selenium (Se). The objectives of the present study were to describe the relationships between total Hg (THg), methlymercury (MMHg), and Se in three amphibian species (Plethodon cinereus, Eurycea bislineata cirrigera, and Bufo americanus) along a Hg-polluted river and floodplain, and to determine if B. americanus maternally transfers Hg and Se to its eggs in a tissue residue-dependent manner. Total Hg and MMHg concentrations in all species spanned two orders of magnitude between the reference and contaminated areas, while Se concentrations were generally low in all species at both sites. Strong positive relationships between THg and MMHg in tissues of all species were observed throughout. Both Hg and Se were maternally transferred from females to eggs in B. americanus, but the percentage of the females' Hg body burden transferred to eggs was low compared with Se. In addition, Hg concentrations appeared to positively influence the amount of Se transferred from female to eggs. The present study is the first to confirm a correlation between Hg concentrations in female carcass and eggs in amphibians and among the first to describe co-transference of Se and Hg in an anamniotic vertebrate. The results suggest future work is needed to determine whether maternal transfer of Hg has transgenerational implications for amphibian progeny. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:989–997. © 2010 SETAC