bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased CD4+ T Cell Levels during IL-7 Administration of Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Macaques Are Not Dependent on Strong Proliferative Responses
Authors: Leone Amanda , Rohankhedkar Mukta , Okoye Afam , Legasse Alfred , Axthelm Michael K. , Villinger Francois , Piatak Michael , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Assouline Brigitte , Morre Michel , Picker Louis J. , Sodora Donald L. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
CD4+ T cell depletion is a fundamental component of HIV infection and AIDS pathogenesis and is not always reversed following antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this study, the SIV-infected rhesus macaque model was used to assess recombinant simian IL-7 in its glycosylated form (rsIL-7gly) to enhance regeneration of CD4+ T cells, particularly the crucial central memory compartment, after ART. We assessed the impact of rsIL-7gly administration as single injections and as a cluster of three doses. Irrespective of the dosing strategy used, the rsIL-7gly administration transiently increased proliferation of both central memory and naive cells, in both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, without increasing SIV levels in the blood. Administration of rsIL-7gly at intervals of 4–6 wk maximized the proliferative response to therapy but resulted in only transient increases in peripheral blood T cell counts. Although more frequent rsIL-7gly “clustered” dosing (three times weekly with 2 wk of rest and then repeat) induced only an initial proliferative burst by CD4+ T cells, this dosing strategy resulted in sustained increases in peripheral blood CD4+ T cell counts. The clustered rsIL-7gly treatment regimen was shown to increase the half-life of a BrdU label among memory T cells in the blood when compared with that of macaques treated with ART alone, which is consistent with enhanced cell survival. These results indicate that dosing intervals have a major impact on the response to rsIL-7gly in SIV-positive ART-treated rhesus macaques and that optimum dosing strategies may be ones that induce CD4+ T cell proliferation initially and provide increased CD4+ T cell survival.
Stromal Cell-Derived CXCL12 and CCL8 Cooperate To Support Increased Development of Regulatory Dendritic Cells Following Leishmania Infection
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Anh Thu , Liu Hao , Juaréz Julius , Aziz Naveed , Kaye Paul M. , Svensson Mattias 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In the immune system, stromal cells provide specialized niches that control hematopoiesis by coordinating the production of chemokines, adhesion molecules, and growth factors. Stromal cells also have anti-inflammatory effects, including support for the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors into dendritic cells (DCs) with immune regulatory properties. Together, these observations suggest that the alterations in hematopoiesis commonly seen in infectious disease models, such as experimental visceral leishmaniasis in mice, might result from altered stromal cell function. We report in this study that the stromal cell-derived chemokines CXCL12 and CCL8 cooperate to attract hematopoietic progenitors with the potential to differentiate into regulatory DCs. We also show that infection of murine bone marrow stromal cells by Leishmania donovani enhanced their capacity to support the development of regulatory DCs, as well as their capacity to produce CCL8. Likewise, in experimental visceral leishmaniasis, CCL8 production was induced in splenic stromal cells, leading to an enhanced capacity to attract hematopoietic progenitor cells. Thus, intracellular parasitism of stromal cells modifies their capacity to recruit and support hematopoietic progenitor differentiation into regulatory DCs, and aberrant expression of CCL8 by diseased stromal tissue may be involved in the switch from resolving to persistent infection.
Regulation of Th1 and Th17 Cell Differentiation and Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Natural Product Compound Berberine
Authors: Qin Xia , Guo Bingshi T. , Wan Bing , Fang Lei , Lu Limin , Wu Lili , Zang Ying Qin , Zhang Jingwu Z. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from plants, is widely used as an anti-inflammatory remedy in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we showed that BBR was efficacious in the amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) through novel regulatory mechanisms involving pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells. BBR inhibited differentiation of Th17 cells and, to a lesser degree, Th1 cells through direct actions on the JAK/STAT pathway, whereas it had no effect on the relative number of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. In addition, BBR indirectly influenced Th17 and Th1 cell functions through its effect on the expression and function of costimulatory molecules and the production of IL-6, which was attributable to the inhibition of NF-κB activity in CD11b+ APCs. BBR treatment completely abolished the encephalitogenicity of MOG35–55-reactive Th17 cells in an adoptive transfer EAE model, and the same treatment significantly inhibited the ability of MOG35–55-reactive Th1 cells to induce EAE. This study provides new evidence that natural compounds, such as BBR, are of great value in the search for novel anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
A Critical Role for IFN Regulatory Factor 1 in NKT Cell-Mediated Liver Injury Induced by α-Galactosylceramide
Authors: Cao Zongxian , Dhupar Rajeev , Cai Changchun , Li Peiyuan , Billiar Timothy R. , Geller David A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
NKT cells are remarkably abundant in mouse liver. Compelling experimental evidence has suggested that NKT cells are involved in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases. Activation of NKT cells with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) causes liver injury through mechanisms that are not well understood. We undertook studies to characterize the key pathways involved in α-GalCer–induced liver injury. We found that expression of the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) in mouse liver was dramatically upregulated by α-GalCer treatment. Neutralization of either TNF-α or IFN-γ inhibited α-GalCer–mediated IRF-1 upregulation. α-GalCer–induced liver injury was significantly suppressed in IRF-1 knockout mice or in wild-type C56BL/6 mice that received a microRNA specifically targeting IRF-1. In contrast, overexpression of IRF-1 greatly potentiated α-GalCer–induced liver injury. α-GalCer injection also induced a marked increase in hepatic inducible NO synthase expression in C56BL/6 mice, but not in IRF-1 knockout mice. Inducible NO synthase knockout mice exhibited significantly reduced liver injury following α-GalCer treatment. Finally, we demonstrated that both NKT cells and hepatocytes expressed IRF-1 in response to α-GalCer. However, it appeared that the hepatocyte-derived IRF-1 was mainly responsible for α-GalCer–induced liver injury, based on the observation that inhibition of IRF-1 by RNA interference did not affect α-GalCer–induced NKT cell activation. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism of NKT cell-mediated liver injury in mice, which has implications in the development of human liver diseases.
Exploring the Relation of Health-Promoting Behaviors to Role Participation and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tyszka Andrea Carr , Farber Ruth S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVE. We examined the relation of health-promoting behaviors to participation in life roles and health-related quality of life (HR–QOL) in women with multiple sclerosis.METHOD. We used a correlational design. Frequency of health-promoting behaviors was obtained from the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile–II. Role participation was measured by the SF–36 Role-Physical, Role-Emotional, and Social Functioning scales, and HR–QOL was measured with the Physical and Mental Component scales.RESULTS. Eleven significant positive correlations were found among specific health-promoting behaviors (e.g., nutrition, stress management, physical activity, positive interpersonal relations, spiritual growth), role participation, and HR–QOL.CONCLUSION. The findings suggest that involvement in health-promoting behaviors is associated with greater participation in life roles and HR–QOL for women with multiple sclerosis. This study provides preliminary evidence for the use and development of health promotion in occupational therapy treatment.
Comparison of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy and Bilateral Treatment of Equal Intensity in People With Chronic Upper-Extremity Dysfunction After Cerebrovascular Accident
Authors: Hayner Kate , Gibson Ginny , Giles Gordon Muir 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We compared the effectiveness of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) with bilateral treatment of equal intensity for chronic upper-extremity (UE) dysfunction caused by cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
DESIGN. We conducted a 2-group, randomized intervention trial with stratification by severity of UE dysfunction. Twelve community-dwelling adults were provided with 6 hr of occupational therapy for 10 days plus additional home practice. Six participants wore a mitt on the unimpaired UE, and 6 participants were intrusively and repetitively cued to use both UEs. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) were administered before and after treatment and at 6-mo follow-up.
RESULTS. Significant improvements were found in WMFT and COPM scores across time in both groups. No significant between-group differences were found on the WMFT.
CONCLUSION. High-intensity occupational therapy using a CIMT or a bilateral approach can improve UE function in people with chronic UE dysfunction after CVA. Treatment intensity rather than restraint may be the critical therapeutic factor.
Children’s and Parents’ Perspectives About Activity Performance and Participation After Spinal Cord Injury: Initial Development of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure
Authors: Mulcahey M. J. , DiGiovanni Nicole , Calhoun Christina , Homko Erica , Riley Ann , Haley Stephen M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVE. To report on a cognitive testing study on newly constructed items designed to evaluate client-reported outcomes of activity performance and participation after spinal cord injury (SCI).METHOD. Thirty-three children with SCI and 13 caregivers participated in cognitive testing interviews. Open-ended questions were used to gain a better understanding of activity performance and participation. The interviews were transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was carried out independently by 2 researchers, and key sentences and phrases from both analyses were merged.RESULTS. Four themes were defined: (1) apprehension related to activity performance and participation, (2) reference point, (3) missing out, and (4) autonomy.CONCLUSION. Insight into children’s and caregivers’ perspectives provided important information that helped refine the wording of test items and response scales. The theme of autonomy provided a stronger catalyst to solidify items for both child- and parent-reported outcomes. This study further validated the complexity of the construct of participation.
Maternal Health After the Birth of a Medically Complex Infant: Setting the Context for Evaluation of Co-Occupational Performance
Authors: Pizur-Barnekow Kris 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVE. Physical and psychological health indicators of mothers who gave birth to medically complex infants were examined to explore potential risk factors for the development of chronic conditions and to develop a scholarly base that supports the inclusion of maternal health in the scope of early intervention practice.METHOD. Ten mothers completed the Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire and the State Trait Anxiety Form Y–1. Nine women completed 24-h Holter recording. Frequency of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety were determined. High frequency heart rate variability was examined for indicators of autonomic dysregulation.RESULTS. Nine of 10 women reported symptoms associated with PTSD, and 2 of these women reported more severe symptoms. Two women demonstrated indicators of autonomic dysregulation.CONCLUSION. Further research examining psychological and physical characteristics in mothers of infants at high risk is important to determine whether these women are at greater risk for chronic health conditions.
Cognitive, Visual, Auditory, and Emotional Factors That Affect Participation in Older Adults
Authors: Perlmutter Monica S. , Bhorade Anjali , Gordon Mae , Hollingsworth Holly H. , Baum M. Carolyn 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To determine whether changes in hearing, cognition, depression, and vision affect daily life participation and whether screening tests that identify problems could be used in the home.
METHOD. Interviewers assessed presence of medical conditions, social class, distance acuity, cognition, hearing, depression, and participation using valid screening tools. Participation scores were subgrouped according to negative or positive results. Multiple regression analysis determined association of screening tests with participation.
RESULTS. Eighty-eight older adults, ages 62–90, participated. Positive screening tests were found in 43% of participants for distance acuity, 9% for cognitive problems, 8% for depression, and 15% for hearing loss. Relationships were found among age, cognition, depression, and vision and participation.
CONCLUSION. Mild levels of decreased vision, depression, and decreased cognition are associated with lower participation. These conditions can be screened by occupational therapists and managed to help older adults remain active and maintain their health.
Preparation and oxygen permeation of U‐shaped perovskite hollow‐fiber membranes
Authors: Wei Yanying , Liu Hongfei , Xue Jian , Li Zhong , Wang Haihui 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe oxygen permeation of dense U‐shaped perovskite hollow‐fiber membranes based on Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ prepared by a phase inversion spinning process is reported. The perovskite hollow fibers with totally dense wall were obtained with the outer diameter of 1.147 mm and the inner diameter of 0.691 mm. The dependences of the oxygen permeation on the air flow rate on the shell side, the helium flow rate on the core side, the oxygen partial pressures, and the operating temperatures were experimentally investigated. According to the Wagner theory, it follows that the oxygen transport through the U‐shaped hollow‐fiber membrane is controlled by both surface reaction and bulk diffusion at the temperature ranges of 750–950°C. High oxygen permeation flux of 3.0 ml/(min cm2) was kept for about 250 h at 950°C under the conditions of the air feed flow rate of 150 ml/min and the helium flow rate of 50 ml/min. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Comparison of poly(o‐anisidine) and poly(o‐anisidine‐co‐aniline) copolymer synthesized by chemical oxidative method
Authors: Longun J. , Buschle B. , Nguyen N. , Lo M. , Iroh J. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, poly(o‐anisidine) [POA], poly(o‐anisidine‐co‐aniline) [POA‐co‐A], and polyaniline [PANi] were chemically synthesized using a single polymerization process with aniline and o‐anisidine as the respective monomers. During the polymerization process, p‐toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate was used as a dopant while ammonium persulfate was used as an oxidant. N‐methyl‐pyrolidone (NMP) was used as a solvent. We observed that the ATR spectra of POA‐co‐A showed features similar to those of PANi and POA as well as additional ones. POA‐co‐A also achieved broader and more extended UV–vis absorption than POA but less than PANi. The chemical and electronic structure of the product of polymerization was studied using Attenuated Total Reflectance spectroscopy (ATR) and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis). The transition temperature of the homopolymers and copolymers was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the viscosity average molecular weight was studied by using dilute solution viscometry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Thermal and dielectric properties of the aluminum particle/epoxy resin composites
Authors: Zhou Wenying , Yu Demei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMicrosized aluminum/epoxy resin composites were prepared, and the thermal and dielectric properties of the composites were investigated in terms of composition, aluminum particle sizes, frequency, and temperature. The results showed that the introduction of aluminum particles to the composites hardly influenced the thermal stability behavior, and decreased Tg of the epoxy resin; moreover, the size, concentration, and surface modification of aluminum particles had an effect on their thermal conductivity and dielectric properties. The dielectric permittivity increased smoothly with a rise of aluminum particle content, as well as with a decrease in frequency at high loading with aluminum particles. While the dissipation factor value increased slightly with an increase in frequency, it still remained at a low level. The dielectric permittivity and loss increased with temperature, owing to the segmental mobility of the polymer molecules. We found that the aluminum/epoxy composite containing 48 vol % aluminum‐particle content possessed a high thermal conductivity and a high dielectric permittivity, but a low loss factor, a low electric conductivity, and a higher breakdown voltage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Annealing and ultraviolet treatment of plasma fluorocarbon films for enhanced cohesion and stability
Authors: Chevallier P. , Holvoet S. , Turgeon S. , Horny P. , Pireaux J. J. , Mantovani D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStents, commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, are mainly made of 316L stainless steel. They are, however, prone to corrosion when they are in contact with human body fluid. To prevent this corrosion process and to ameliorate their patencies, in this study, we used a strategy to cover stent materials with a protective fluorocarbon layer deposited by plasma polymerization. In an approach to optimize its cohesion properties and stability, posttreatments, namely, thermal annealing and UV irradiation, were applied on the ultrathin fluorocarbon film. A combination of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, polarized near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy, and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry demonstrated that UV treatment led to chain scission and film crosslinking and, in this way, decreased the amount and/or size of nanoscaled defects originally present in the films. Annealing on the other hand induced a film reorganization in favor of longer, well‐ordered fluorocarbon chains. However, a deformation process that was applied to study the film adhesion properties induced chain scissions with reorganization. Aging tests exhibited an oxidation of the top‐most layer for both the as‐deposited and posttreated samples. Finally, the film stability was improved after UV treatment for both the nondeformed and deformed samples. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Surgical anatomy of sensory portion of superficial fibular nerve for harvesting nerve grafts from fetuses
Authors: Wahee Pratima , Aggarwal Anjali , Harjeet K. , Sahni Daisy 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe use of superficial fibular nerve (Sfn) as a potential donor nerve in nerve grafting has been introduced. The limited availability of donor nerves has paved the way for nerve allografting. We studied the sensory portion of Sfn in 60 limbs from 30 fetuses. Three distinct patterns of the nerve were designated as Types 1, 2, and 3 by us. Type 1 (66.67%) comprised Sfn piercing fascia cruris then branching into Mdn and Idn. Type 2 (21.67%) was a pattern where Sfn penetrated deep fascia then continued undivided over the dorsum of foot. Type 3 (11.67%) was where Mdn and Idn penetrated deep fascia independently. The study provided quantitative measurement data of the sensory portion of Sfn and its branching nerves with respect to osseous landmarks like the head of fibula and the malleoli. Such data may be of help in defining nerve segments suitable for harvesting in nerve grafts from fetuses. Clin. Anat. 23:726–731, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of Antifreeze Proteins with Hydrocarbon Hydrates
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi , Susilo Robin , Gordienko Raimond , Ripmeester John , Walker Virginia K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecombinant antifreeze proteins (AFPs), representing a range of activities with respect to ice growth inhibition, were investigated for their abilities to control the crystal formation and growth of hydrocarbon hydrates. Three different AFPs were compared with two synthetic commercial inhibitors, poly‐N‐vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and HIW85281, by using multiple approaches, which included gas uptake, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) temperature ramping, and DSC isothermal observations. A new method to assess the induction period before heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent hydrate crystal growth was developed and involved the dispersal of water in the pore space of silica gel beads. Although hydrate nucleation is a complex phenomenon, we have shown that it can now be carefully quantified. The presence of AFPs delayed crystallization events and showed hydrate growth inhibition that was superior to that of one of the benchmark commercial inhibitors, PVP. Nucleation and growth inhibition were shown to be independent processes, which indicates a difference in the mechanisms required for these two inhibitory actions. In addition, there was no apparent correlation between the assayed activities of the three AFPs toward hexagonal ice and the cubic structure II (sII) hydrate, which suggests that there are distinctive differences in the protein interactions with the two crystal surfaces.
A comparison of the CIE 1976 colour spaces
Authors: Pointer M. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe CIE 1976 colour spaces, CIELUV and CIELAB, have been compared by recalculating the results of a number of reported sets of experimental data. These include the results of just‐noticeable‐difference observations, colour difference scaling, colour matching ellipses, and acceptability ellipses. As a means of representing the colour difference data uniformly, it is shown that neither colour space is significantly better than the other. Attention is drawn to some anomalies in the CIELAB space.
History, memory, and conflict resolution: Research and application
Authors: Tint Barbara 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article is the second of a two‐part series and presents empirical research into the study of history, memory, and long‐term intractable conflict. Interviews with members of the Israeli and Palestinian communities serve as the basis for this research. A variety of constructs emerged that inform conflict resolution practice, including a strong orientation to the past and its link to identity, emotion, and how past beliefs inform present perceptions. Recommendations are offered for how to integrate historical matter more fully into practice.