bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient transposition of a single Minos transposon copy in the genome of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis with a transgenic line expressing transposase in eggs
Authors: Hozumi Akiko , Kawai Narudo , Yoshida Reiko , Ogura Yosuke , Ohta Naoyuki , Satake Honoo , Satoh Nori , Sasakura Yasunori 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTransgenesis with transposons is an important technique for studying genetic functions. In the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, methods for germline transformation with the Tc1/mariner transposon Minos have been established. A system to remobilize a single Minos copy in the genome is needed to refine this transgenic technique. In this study, such an experimental system was established with a transgenic line expressing Minos transposase in eggs. In the eggs of a double transgenic animal from a cross between the egg transposase line and a transgenic line having a single Minos insertion, the transposon was transposed into new positions of the Ciona genome, thus creating new insertions. Some of the new insertions caused enhancer detection. The majority of the new insertion sites were mapped on different chromosomes from that of the transposon donor. This characteristic of Minos is in contrast to that of the Sleeping Beauty transposon, which causes frequent intrachromosomal transposition. Developmental Dynamics 239:1076–1088, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic Approaches towards Catalyst Discovery
Authors: Gasparini Giulio , Dal Molin Marta , Prins Leonard J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCatalyst development is a challenging task, caused by the subtle effects that determine whether a catalyst is efficient or not. Success is enhanced by using methodology that relies to a smaller extent on rational design. Combinatorial high‐throughput approaches allow for a systematic exploration of chemical space, but require an easy synthetic access to structurally diverse catalysts. The use of dynamic or reversible chemistry for the construction of catalysts is an attractive option as it allows for self‐assembly and self‐selection processes. Synthesis is restricted to the building blocks after which diversity is simply generated upon mixing. Self‐selection of the best catalyst by the target reaction relieves the burden of rational design. Molecular systems exhibiting catalysis as an emerging property due to a cooperative interplay of the molecular components are envisioned for the future.
Erythrocytes serve as a reservoir for cellular and extracellular sphingosine 1‐phosphate
Authors: Bode Constantin , Sensken Sven‐Christian , Peest Ulrike , Beutel Gernot , Thol Felicitas , Levkau Bodo , Li Zaiguo , Bittman Robert , Huang Tao , Tölle Markus , van der Giet Markus , Gräler Markus H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) in blood is phosphorylated, stored, and transported by red blood cells (RBC). Release of S1P from RBC into plasma is a regulated process that does not occur in plasma‐ or serum‐free media. Plasma fractionation and incubations with isolated and recombinant proteins identified high density lipoprotein (HDL) and serum albumin (SA) as non‐redundant endogenous triggers for S1P release from RBC. S1P bound to SA and HDL was able to stimulate the S1P1 receptor in calcium flux experiments. The binding capability of acceptor molecules triggers S1P release, as demonstrated with the anti‐S1P antibody Sphingomab™. More S1P was extracted from RBC membranes by HDL than by SA. Blood samples from anemic patients confirmed a reduced capacity for S1P release in plasma. In co‐cultures of RBC and endothelial cells (EC), we observed transcellular transportation of S1P as a second function of RBC‐associated S1P in the absence of SA and HDL and during tight RBC‐EC contact, mimicking conditions in tissue interstitium and capillaries. In contrast to S1P bound to SA and HDL, RBC‐associated S1P was significantly incorporated by EC after S1P lyase (SGPL1) inhibition. RBC‐associated S1P, therefore, has two functions: (1) It contributes to the cellular pool of SGPL1‐sensitive S1P in tissues after transcellular transportation and (2) it helps maintain extracellular S1P levels via SA and HDL independently from SGPL1 activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1232–1243, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vulnerability, capacity and resilience: Perspectives for climate and development policy
Authors: Gaillard J.C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the decades since the terms ‘vulnerability’, ‘capacity’ and ‘resilience’ became popular in both the disaster and development literatures, through natural and social science discourses, the terms have been applied to many development‐ and disaster‐related policies and have been the subject of much debate and interpretation amongst various schools of thought. An illustrative review of the use of these terms is given followed by a critique of the main discourses, especially regarding the development and disaster policy advantages and disadvantages. Recommendations are given at different scales for closing some of the gaps identified, especially regarding the policy usefulness of certain theoretical approaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How MetLife balances effective organization design with the need for speed in postacquisition integration
Authors: Jasinski Thomas J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis case study demonstrates that good design and speed to integration can coexist—and, more important, are interdependent levers for achieving the near‐term goals and the longer‐term value of mergers and acquisitions (M&As). The author presents the Organization Effectiveness team's operating model, MetLife's organizational design framework and process, and its alignment with Human Resources' approach to M&As. He then describes MetLife Bank's rapid acquisition of two firms, and the two‐stage organizational design that facilitated the transition. The initial structure preserved business effectiveness, while the combined leadership team clarified longer‐term vision, strategy, and desired organizational capabilities, which led to a second organizational structure nine months later to achieve the efficiencies and benefits of scale and build the capabilities that create competitive advantage for MetLife Bank. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PLEASE NOTE: This is the corrected version of the article that appeared in the March/April 2010 issue of the journal.
Individual efficiency and club performance: a panel analysis of professional baseball
Authors: Jane Wen‐Jhan , Kong Wei‐Hsin , Wang Yi‐Hsiue 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates whether players' individual‐ and club‐level efficiency has substantial impact on club performance in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). Using data from 1990 to 2000, and a stochastic frontier model, we propose a different way to measure club‐level efficiency. Our empirical results indicate that club‐level efficiency is crucial to club performance, measured by the winning percentage. Although the literature shows that some inefficient clubs with abundant resources are still very successful on the diamond, our results confirm that club‐level efficiency has a moderate impact on the success of a baseball club in the CPBL. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic properties of imperfect repair models and estimation of repair efficiency
Authors: Doyen Laurent 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of this articles is to study the asymptotic behavior of two imperfect repair models, called Arithmetic Reduction of Intensity and Arithmetic Reduction of Age models. These models have been proposed by Doyen and Gaudoin (Reliab Eng Syst Safe 84 (2004) 45–56) and include many usual virtual age models. First, it is proved that the failure intensity of these models is asymptotically almost surely equivalent to a deterministic increasing function with a cumulative error proportional to a logarithm. Second, the almost sure convergence and asymptotic normality of several estimators of repair efficiency are derived, when the wear‐out process without repair is known. Finally, the coverage rate of the asymptotic confidence intervals issued from those estimators is empirically studied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Maxwell Fluid Model for Generation of Stress–Strain Curves of Viscoelastic Solid Rocket Propellants
Authors: Shekhar Himanshu , Sahasrabudhe A. D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSolid rocket propellants are modeled as Maxwell Fluid with single spring and single dashpot in series. Complete stress–strain curve is generated for case‐bonded composite propellant formulations by taking suitable values of spring constant and damping coefficient. Propellants from same lot are tested at different strain rate. It is observed that change in spring constant, representing elastic part is very small with strain rate but damping constant varies significantly with variation in strain rate. For a typical propellant formulation, when strain rate is varied from 0.00037 to 0.185 per second, spring constant (K) changed from 5.5 to 7.9 MPa, but damping coefficient (D) varied from 1400 to 4 MPas. For all strain rates, stress–strain curve is generated using developed Maxwell model and close matching with actual test curve is observed. This indicates validity of Maxwell fluid model for case‐bonded solid propellant formulations. It is observed that with increases in strain rate, spring constant increases but damping coefficient decreases representing solid rocket propellant as a true viscoelastic material. It is also established that at higher strain rate, damping coefficient becomes negligible as compared to spring constant. It is also observed that variation of spring constant is logarithmic with strain rate and that of damping coefficient follows a power law. The correlation coefficients are introduced to ascertain spring constants and damping coefficients at any strain rate from that at a reference strain rate. Correlation for spring constant needs a coefficient “H,” which is function of propellant formulation alone and not of test conditions and the equation developed is K2=(K1‐H)×{ln(dε2/dt)/ln(dε1/dt)}+H. Similarly for damping coefficient (D) also another constant “S” is introduced and prediction formula is given by D2=D1×{(dε2/dt)/(dε1/dt)}S. Evaluating constants “H” and “S” at different strain rates validate this mathematical formulation for different propellant formulations. Close matching of test and predicted stress–strain curve indicates propellant behavior as viscoelastic Maxwell Fluid. Uniqueness of approach is to predict complete stress–strain curves, which are not attempted by any other researchers.
River channel cutoff dynamics, Sacramento River, California, USA
Authors: Micheli E. R. , Larsen E. W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe measured patterns of river channel migration and cutoff between 1904 and 1997 on a 160 km meandering alluvial reach of the Sacramento River by intersecting a sequential set of river channel centrelines mapped from a field survey and aerial photography. We identified approximate dates and locations of cutoffs and quantified cutoff dimensions. Twenty‐seven chute and 11 partial cutoffs occurred over this 93‐year time interval, with an average of one cutoff approximately every 2.5 years or 0.0029 cutoffs per kilometre per year. The average rate of lateral channel change was over the study period was 5.5 ± 0.6 m year−1 (approximately 0.02 channel widths per year) due to progressive migration and cutoff combined. An average of 5% of the total channel length moved laterally via chute cutoff at a rate of 22.1 ± 3.3 m year−1 versus 94% of channel length that moved via progressive migration at a rate of 4.7 ± 0.5 m year−1. The remaining 1% of channel length migrated via partial cutoff at a rate of 13.0 ± 2.8 m year−1. Although channel cutoff was less predominant mode of channel change than progressive migration in terms of channel length, an average of 20% of the total floodplain area change between successive centrelines was attributable to cutoffs. Peak cutoff frequency was concentrated temporally between 1964 and 1987 and was also spatially clustered in specific active sub‐reaches along the valley axis over the entire study period.We hypothesize that the probability of channel cutoff is a function of both channel geometry and discharge. Bends that experienced chute cutoff displayed an average sinuosity of 1.97 ± 0.1, an average radius of curvature of 2.1 ± 0.2 channel widths and an average entrance angle of 111 ± 7°, as opposed to average values for bends migrating progressively of 1.31 ± 0.01, 2.8 ± 0.1 and 66 ± 1°, respectively. The sinuosity of Sacramento River bends experiencing chute cutoff appears to have been consistently declining from 2.25 ± 0.35 channel widths in 1904 to 1.54 ± 0.23 channel widths in 1987. We hypothesize that this trend may be due in part to the influence of land‐use changes, such as the conversion of riparian forest to agriculture, on the ‘erodibility’ of bank and floodplain materials. For the post‐dam flow regime (1937 on), cutoff frequency was significantly correlated with an estimate of cumulative overbank flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Hybrid of LS-SVM and Kalman Filter for GPS/INS Integration
Authors: Xu Zhenkai , Li Yong , Rizos Chris , Xu Xiaosu 
Published: February 2010

Integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) technologies can overcome the drawbacks of the individual systems. One of the advantages is that the integrated solution can provide continuous navigation capability even during GPS outages. However, bridging the GPS outages is still a challenge when Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) inertial sensors are used. Methods being currently explored by the research community include applying vehicle motion constraints, optimal smoother, and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In the research area of AI, the neural network (NN) approach has been extensively utilised up to the present. In an NN-based integrated system, a Kalman filter (KF) estimates position, velocity and attitude errors, as well as the inertial sensor errors, to output navigation solutions while GPS signals are available. At the same time, an NN is trained to map the vehicle dynamics with corresponding KF states, and to correct INS measurements when GPS measurements are unavailable. To achieve good performance it is critical to select suitable quality and an optimal number of samples for the NN. This is sometimes too rigorous a requirement which limits real world application of NN-based methods.The support vector machine (SVM) approach is based on the structural risk minimisation principle, instead of the minimised empirical error principle that is commonly implemented in an NN. The SVM can avoid local minimisation and over-fitting problems in an NN, and therefore potentially can achieve a higher level of global performance. This paper focuses on the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), which can solve highly nonlinear and noisy black-box modelling problems. This paper explores the application of the LS-SVM to aid the GPS/INS integrated system, especially during GPS outages. The paper describes the principles of the LS-SVM and of the KF hybrid method, and introduces the LS-SVM regression algorithm. Field test data is processed to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.
VICTORIANS LIVE
Authors: Sussman Herbert 
Published: February 2010

Victorians Live examines the afterlife of the Victorians, the ways that Victorian literature and culture remain alive, continue to live in our own day.It Was the Worst of Times: A Visit to Dickens WorldMARTY GOULD AND REBECCA MITCHELLTurner in AmericaJASON ROSENFELDHolman Hunt at TorontoHERBERT SUSSMANThe Afterlives of Aestheticism and Decadence in the Twenty-First CenturyMARGARET D. STETZDarwin at YaleMARGARET HOMANS
An optimal experimental design approach to model discrimination in dynamic biochemical systems
Authors: Skanda Dominik , Lebiedz Dirk 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMotivation: Finding suitable models of dynamic biochemical systems is an important task in systems biology approaches to the biosciences. On the one hand, a correct model helps to understand the underlying mechanisms and on the other hand, one can use the model to predict the behavior of a biological system under various circumstances. Typically, before the correct model of a biochemical system is found, different hypothetical models might be reasonable and consistent with previous knowledge and available data. The main goal now is to find the best suited model out of different hypotheses. The process of falsifying inappropriate candidate models is called model discrimination.Results: We have developed a new computational tool to compute optimal experiments for biochemical kinetic systems with underlying ordinary differential equation (ODE) models for the purpose of model discrimination. We were inspired by the demands of biological experimentalists which perform one run measurement where perturbations to the system are possible. We provide a criterion which calculates the number and location of time points of optimal measurements as well as optimal initial conditions and optimal perturbations to the system.Availability: The model discrimination algorithm described here is implemented in C++ in the package ModelDiscriminationToolkit. The source code can be downloaded from http://omnibus.unifreiburg.de/~ds500/_software.htmlContact: dirk.lebiedz@biologie.uni-freiburg.deSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Genome annotation and comparative analyses of the odorant‐binding proteins and chemosensory proteins in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Zhou J.‐J. , Vieira F. G. , He X.‐L. , Smadja C. , Liu R. , Rozas J. , Field L. M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOdorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are two families of small water‐soluble proteins, abundant in the aqueous fluid surrounding olfactory receptor neurons in insect antennae. OBPs are involved in the first step of olfactory signal transduction, carrying airborne semiochemicals to the odorant receptors and can be classified into three groups: Classic OBPs, Plus‐C OBPs and Atypical OBPs. Here, we identified and annotated genes encoding putative OBPs and CSPs in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum using bioinformatics. This identified genes encoding 13 Classic and two Plus‐C OBPs and 13 CSPs. Homologous OBP sequences were also identified in nine other aphid species, allowing us to compare OBPs across several aphid and non‐aphid species. We show that, although OBP sequences are divergent within a species and between different orders, there is a high similarity between orthologs within a range of aphid species. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships between OBP orthologs reflect the divergence of aphid evolution lineages. Our results support the ‘birth‐and‐death’ model as the major mechanism explaining aphid OBP sequence evolution, with the main force acting on the evolution being purifying selection.
Genomic insight into the amino acid relations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, with its symbiotic bacterium Buchnera aphidicola
Authors: Wilson A. C. C. , Ashton P. D. , Calevro F. , Charles H. , Colella S. , Febvay G. , Jander G. , Kushlan P. F. , Macdonald S. J. , Schwartz J. F. , Thomas G. H. , Douglas A. E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe pea aphid genome includes 66 genes contributing to amino acid biosynthesis and 93 genes to amino acid degradation. In several respects, the pea aphid gene inventory complements that of its symbiotic bacterium, Buchnera aphidicola (Buchnera APS). Unlike other insects with completely sequenced genomes, the pea aphid lacks the capacity to synthesize arginine, which is produced by Buchnera APS. However, consistent with other insects, it has genes coding for individual reactions in essential amino acid biosynthesis, including threonine dehydratase and branched‐chain amino acid aminotransferase, which are not coded in the Buchnera APS genome. Overall the genome data suggest that the biosynthesis of certain essential amino acids is shared between the pea aphid and Buchnera APS, providing the opportunity for precise aphid control over Buchnera metabolism.
Identification of ion channel genes in theAcyrthosiphon pisumgenome
Authors: Dale R. P. , Jones A. K. , Tamborindeguy C. , Davies T. G. E. , Amey J. S. , Williamson S. , Wolstenholme A. , Field L. M. , Williamson M. S. , Walsh T. K. , Sattelle D. B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAphids are major pests of crops, causing hundreds of millions of dollars worth of damage annually. Ion channel proteins are often the targets of modern insecticides and mutations in ion channel genes can lead to resistance to many leading classes of insecticides. The sequencing of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum,genome has now allowed detailedin silicoanalysis of the aphid ion channels. The study has revealed significant differences in the composition of the ion channel families between the aphid and other insects. For exampleA. pisumdoes not appear to contain a homologue of the nACh receptor alpha 5 gene whilst the calcium channel beta subunit has been duplicated. These variations could result in differences in function or sensitivity to insecticides. The genome sequence will allow the study of aphid ion channels to be accelerated, leading to a better understanding of the function of these economically important channels. The potential for identifying novel insecticide targets within the aphid is now a step closer.
Chitinase‐like proteins encoded in the genome of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Nakabachi A. , Shigenobu S. , Miyagishima S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn insects, chitinases play an essential role in the degradation of old exoskeleton and turnover of the gut lining. In silico screening of the entire genome of the pea aphid (Hemimetabola), Acyrthosiphon pisum, detected nine genes encoding putative chitinase‐like proteins, including six enzymatically active chitinases, one imaginal disc growth factor, and one endo‐beta‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase. Screening of the genomes of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori, Culex quinquefasciatus, Drosophila melanogaster, Nasonia vitripennis, Pediculus humanus corporis, and Tribolium castaneum suggested repeated gene duplications in holometabolous lineages. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR demonstrated the expression of four and two distinct chitinase‐like genes of A. pisum to be highly up‐regulated in the embryo and the midgut, respectively, suggesting specific roles in these pea aphid tissues.
Mind the gap: MIND, the mental hygiene movement and the trapdoor in measurements of intellect
Authors: Toms J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground  The National Association for Mental Health adopted the ‘brand name’ MIND as part of its transformation into a campaigning pressure group at the turn of the 1970s. This article examines the historical antecedents to key statements made by the organisation at this time regarding the relationship of mental health with, what was then called, ‘mental handicap’.Methods  The National Association is placed within the historical context of the movement for mental hygiene. The article traces how the movement theorised mental health as critically related to intellect and emotionality.Results  The movement relegated people deemed ‘mentally deficient’ from therapeutic policies based on family relationships believed to promote mental health. However, a late 1950s experiment known as the Brooklands study subverted this discrimination. This was paradoxical since it built on mental hygiene theorising.Conclusions  Theorisations of the relationship between intellect, emotion and mental health are still potentially discriminatory.