bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bladder Cancer: Current Management and Opportunities for a Personalized Approach
Authors: Galsky Matthew D. , Hall Simon J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUrothelial carcinoma of the bladder exists as a spectrum of clinical states ranging from non–muscle‐invasive to muscle‐invasive to advanced/metastatic disease. Each clinical state is associated with a unique tumor biology, prognosis, and approach to treatment. The field of personalized medicine offers the promise to individualize therapeutic decisions in each clinical state with the goal of preventing or delaying progression to more advanced disease states while optimizing quality of life. This review will discuss bladder cancer as a paradigm for the development of personalized cancer medicine, focusing on recent efforts, current challenges, and future opportunities. Mt Sinai J Med 74:587–596, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Clinical features and follow‐up of four new cases of facial‐onset sensory and motor neuronopathy
Authors: Fluchere Frederique , Verschueren Annie , Cintas Pascal , Franques Jerome , Serratrice Jacques , Weiller Pierre J. , Azulay Jean P. , Pouget Jean , Attarian Shahram 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study we report three patients with facial‐onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN), including the first female to be described. A fourth rather atypical case of a pyramidal syndrome with a fast rate of progression is also described. These cases raise the question as to whether upper motor neuron impairment is involved in FOSMN and whether there is a link between this syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The existence of this syndrome suggests that it may be wise to monitor all patients with isolated idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy to ensure that this type of motor neuron disease is not overlooked. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Human embryonic stem cells rapidly take up and then clear exogenous human and animal prions in vitro
Authors: Krejciova Zuzana , Pells Steve , Cancellotti Enrico , Freile Paz , Bishop Matthew , Samuel Kay , Robin Barclay G , Ironside James W , Manson Jean C , Turner Marc L , De Sousa Paul , Head Mark W 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSusceptibility to prion infection involves interplay between the prion strain and host genetics, but expression of the host‐encoded cellular prion protein is a known prerequisite. Here we consider human embryonic stem cell (hESC) susceptibility by characterizing the genetics and expression of the normal cellular prion protein and by examining their response to acute prion exposure. Seven hESC lines were tested for their prion protein gene codon 129 genotype and this was found to broadly reflect that of the normal population. hESCs expressed prion protein mRNA, but only low levels of prion protein accumulated in self‐renewing populations. Following undirected differentiation, up‐regulation of prion protein expression occurred in each of the major embryonic lineages. Self‐renewing populations of hESCs were challenged with infectious human and animal prions. The exposed cells rapidly and extensively took up this material, but when the infectious source was removed the level and extent of intracellular disease‐associated prion protein fell rapidly. In the absence of a sufficiently sensitive test for prions to screen therapeutic cells, and given the continued use of poorly characterized human and animal bioproducts during hESC derivation and cultivation, the finding that hESCs rapidly take up and process abnormal prion protein is provocative and merits further investigation. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence, survival, and prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors versus neuroblastoma in children and young adults: Nine standard SEER registries, 1975–2006
Authors: Navalkele Pournima , O'Dorisio M Sue , O'Dorisio Thomas M. , Zamba Gideon K.D. , Lynch Charles F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence, survival, and prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in children were determined as a first step in improving diagnosis and therapy. Outcomes were compared with neuroblastoma, a pediatric malignancy that shares several biomarkers.MethodsIncidence rates, observed survival rates and 31‐year limited duration prevalence counts were obtained from SEER*Stat for diagnosis years 1975 to 2006. These rates were compared between and within NETs and neuroblastoma for demographic and tumor‐related variables from nine standard SEER registries for ages 0–29 years. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to identify prognostic factors for survival in NETs.ResultsThe number of NETs was 1,073 compared to 1,664 neuroblastomas. The most common NET sites were lung, breast, and appendix. NET 5‐year observed survival rates increased from 83% between 1975 and 1979 to 84% for the 2000–2006 period, while analogous neuroblastoma survival rates steadily increased from 45–73%. Five‐year observed survival was less than 30% in females with NETs of the cervix and ovary. The estimated 31‐year limited duration prevalence for NETs as of January 1, 2006 in the U.S. population was 7,724 compared to 9,960 for neuroblastomas. Age‐adjusted multivariate Cox Regression demonstrated small cell histology, primary location in the breast, and distant stage as major predictors of decreased survival.ConclusionsWhile survivorship has significantly increased for neuroblastoma, those diagnosed with NETs have shown no increase in survival during this 31‐year period. NETs constitute an unrecognized cancer threat to children and young adults comparable to neuroblastoma in both number of affected persons and disease severity. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:50–57. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence of childhood central nervous system tumors in the Nordic countries
Authors: Schmidt Lisbeth Samsø , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Lahteenmaki Paivi , Träger Catarina , Stokland Tore , Grell Katrine , Gustafson Göran , Sehested Astrid , Raashou‐Nielsen Ole , Johansen Christoffer , Schüz Joachim 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence rates of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the Nordic countries remain among the highest in the world. Large geographical and temporal variations in the incidence rates of CNS tumors have been reported. Increasing incidence rates would be a public health concern, as they might indicate increased exposure to environmental risk factors.MethodsAll 3,983 children 0–14 years of age registered with a primary CNS tumor in 1985–2006 in the national cancer registries of the Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden were identified. Tumors were classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer version 3 (ICCC‐3). Join‐point analysis was used to detect changes in trends and to estimate annual changes in incidence rates.ResultsThe mean annual incidence rate of CNS tumors was 42 per million. No statistically significant change in time trends of incidence rates was observed during 1985–2006. Furthermore, the incidence by birth cohort was relatively stable during the study period.ConclusionThe incidence rates of childhood CNS tumors in the Nordic countries remain among the highest in the world. The stable incidence rates during the last 22 years indicate that major changes in environmental risk factors are unlikely. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:65–69. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression patterns of fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell erythrocytes are both patient‐ and treatment‐specific during childhood
Authors: Meier Emily Riehm , Byrnes Colleen , Weissman Maxine , Noel Pierre , Luban Naomi L.C. , Miller Jeffery L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundTreatment‐associated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression patterns in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have not been fully described. The objective of this study was to compare HbF expression profiles (HbF and F‐cells) in the peripheral blood of pediatric SCD patients receiving hydroxyurea (HU), chronic transfusions (Tx) or no chronic therapy (Ctrl).ProcedurePeripheral blood samples were collected from SCD patients between 1 month and 21 years of age and immunostained with anti‐HbF and anti‐HbA antibodies. Erythrocytes containing HbF (F‐cells) were enumerated with this dual staining method. HbF was measured using chromatography (HPLC).ResultsBlood from 44 Ctrl patients ≤4 years of age was compared with that from older children (50 Ctrl, 17 HU, 17 Tx). Among the older children, the percentage of both HbF and F‐cells in the Tx group was significantly decreased compared to the control (HbF 5.4 ± 4.2% vs. 11.0 ± 7.2%, P = 0.003; F‐cells 30.2 ± 16.3% vs. 43.8 ± 20.4%, P = 0.0071). While the distribution of F‐cells was significantly increased in the HU group (56.3 ± 17.1% vs. 43.8 ± 20.4%, P = 0.016), the increase in HbF was less robust (14.7 ± 6.4% vs. 11.0 ± 7.2%, P = 0.051). Positive correlations of HbF and F‐cell distributions were noted in all groups (P < 0.0001 for all groups). In serial samples from individual patients, relatively static patterns of HbF and F‐cell distribution were noted.ConclusionPediatric SCD patients possess distinct patterns of HbF switching and silencing in peripheral blood erythrocytes. Thereafter, erythrocyte HbF expression level and distribution are maintained with both patient‐ and treatment‐specific patterns that may be useful for predicting the need or response to HbF‐modulating therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:103–109. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sickle‐cell disease in California: A population‐based description of emergency department utilization
Authors: Wolfson Julie A. , Schrager Sheree M. , Coates Thomas D. , Kipke Michele D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundAcute and chronic clinical manifestations of sickle‐cell disease (SCD) lead to significant healthcare utilization, especially of the emergency department (ED). Limited population‐level data are available in SCD with the ability to connect patients to visits, leaving us with minimal description of utilization patterns.ProcedureUsing ED discharge data with links between patients and visits, we sought to describe the California SCD population and its ED utilization patterns across facilities. Non‐public California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data employ unique patient identifiers, linking patients, and visits.ResultsSCD patients of all ages are heavily reliant on Medicaid (46%). The majority of SCD Californians visit an ED more than once during a year (69%), but only a minority use more than one facility during a year (34%). However, adults with SCD have multiple visits and utilize multiple EDs in higher proportions than do children (72% vs. 60% and 40% vs. 21%, respectively). A higher proportion of visits to the ED are made by SCD adults, but a higher proportion of visits by children result in hospital admission. Uninsured adults outnumber uninsured children (16% vs. 5%).ConclusionsED utilization by the California SCD population is described on a population level. Utilization patterns by adults point towards increased utilization in the population no longer eligible for Title V pediatric coverage for their disease. Further investigation using population‐level socioeconomic and geographic correlates is warranted to evaluate the factors leading to ED utilization in SCD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:413–419. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectrum of SMARCB1/INI1 mutations in familial and sporadic rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Eaton Katherine W. , Tooke Laura S. , Wainwright Luanne M. , Judkins Alexander R. , Biegel Jaclyn A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundGermline mutations and deletions of SMARCB1/INI1 in chromosome band 22q11.2 predispose patients to rhabdoid tumor and schwannomatosis. Previous estimates suggested that 15–20% of rhabdoid tumors were caused by an underlying germline abnormality of SMARCB1. However, these studies were limited by case selection and an inability to detect intragenic deletions and duplications.ProcedureOne hundred matched tumor and blood samples from patients with rhabdoid tumors of the brain, kidney, or soft tissues were analyzed for mutations and deletions of SMARCB1 by FISH, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA), sequence analysis and high resolution Illumina 610K SNP‐based oligonucleotide array studies.ResultsThirty‐five of 100 patients were found to have a germline SMARCB1 abnormality. These abnormalities included point and frameshift mutations, intragenic deletions and duplications, and larger deletions including regions both proximal and distal to SMARCB1. There were nine cases that demonstrated parent to child transmission of a mutated copy of SMARCB1. In eight of the nine cases, one or more family members were also diagnosed with rhabdoid tumor or schwannoma, and two of the eight families presented with multiple affected children in a manner consistent with gonadal mosaicism.ConclusionsApproximately one‐third of newly diagnosed patients with rhabdoid tumor have an underlying genetic predisposition to tumors due to a germline SMARCB1 alteration. Families may demonstrate incomplete penetrance and gonadal mosaicism, which must be considered when counseling families of patients with rhabdoid tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:7–15. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Octreotide acetate is efficacious and safe in children for treating diarrhea due to chemotherapy but not acute graft versus host disease
Authors: Pai Vinita , Porter Kyle , Ranalli Mark 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe Common Toxicity Criteria of the National Cancer Institute evaluates diarrhea as an adverse event of chemotherapy administration. Acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) causes diarrhea in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Guidelines for treating grade 3 and 4 chemotherapy induced diarrhea (CID) include octreotide acetate, a somatostatin analogue. These recommendations are based on adult octreotide trials. Data on octreotide use for treatment of CID in pediatric oncology patients are limited. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of octreotide in the treatment of CID or aGVHD induced diarrhea in pediatric patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of 34 patients of average age 6 years who received octreotide between 1994 and 2008 for treatment of CID or aGVHD induced diarrhea.ResultsThirty‐eight courses of intravenous octreotide were administered. A complete response was achieved during 25/27 (92%) CID and 5/11 (45%) aGVHD induced diarrhea courses. A partial response was achieved during 4/38 courses, all in the aGVHD induced diarrhea group. No response was observed for 3 of the aGVHD induced diarrhea courses and 1for the CID course. Octreotide was initiated at 2 mcg/kg/day and increased to a maximum of 9 mcg/kg/day. The mean total duration of treatment was 9 days. Common adverse effects observed were hyperglycemia, hyberbilirubinemia, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal cramping.ConclusionIn pediatric patients, octreotide exhibits 92% efficacy in treating CID and 45% efficacy in aGVHD induced diarrhea. Further studies to better characterize the starting dose and dose escalation algorithm for treating CID in children are required. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:45–49. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Costs of hospitalized ventilator‐dependent children: Differences between a ventilator ward and intensive care unit
Authors: Edwards Jeffrey D. , Rivanis Chris , Kun Sheila S. , Caughey Aaron B. , Keens Thomas G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHospitalizing clinically stable patients in critical care settings results in unnecessary healthcare costs and thwarts timely patient throughput. Some pediatric hospitals care for their stable ventilator‐dependent children outside of pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). To date, no analysis of the costs of these pediatric ventilator units compared to PICUs has been performed. We conducted a retrospective comparison of PICU and ventilator ward costs of hospitalizations for 103 admissions in which ventilator‐dependent children served as their own matched controls between 2004 and 2007. For included admissions, patients were hospitalized in both units during the same admission and spent more than 1 day in their initial unit. Comparisons of costs were made using the last full PICU day and first full ward day. For the study period, the mean PICU cost of hospitalization per day was $3,565 (standard deviation [SD] ± 716.50). The mean ward cost was $2,052 (SD ± 617). The mean PICU cost was significantly larger than the mean ward cost (paired t‐test, P < 0.0001). Ventilator ward total and variable costs were significantly less than those in the PICU, and such units represent a potential cost saving measure for hospitals that care for ventilator‐dependent children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:356–361. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histomorphometric alteration of knee articular cartilage and serum alkaline phosphatase in young female mice by chronic supplementation with soybean
Authors: Fazelipour S. , Tootian Z. , Matini E. , Hadipour‐Jahromy M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of soybean supplementation on cartilage thickness in the knee joint and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in mice. Forty female mice were fed for 6 months on one of four regimens: low protein, complete protein without soybean, and complete protein containing either 20% or 40% soybean. Body weight differences, histological and histomorphometric analysis, and ALP levels were determined and compared after 6 months. The results showed a significant increase in serum ALP activity and cartilage thickness in both groups fed on soybean‐containing diets, compared with the other groups. Additionally, the number of chondrocytes was significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the group taking the 40% soybean regimen, and the proteoglycan content of the intracellular fluid in the tibia was higher in those groups taking soybean. In conclusion, the present study suggests that soybean supplementation is capable of stimulating ALP production and reducing cartilage loss in young female mice. Soybean supplementation during childhood may therefore be potentially useful in protecting joints. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Byakkokaninjinto prevents body water loss by increasing the expression of kidney aquaporin‐2 and skin aquaporin‐3 in KKAy mice
Authors: Aburada Takashi , Ikarashi Nobutomo , Kagami Mai , Ichikawa Yuhei , Sugitani Megumi , Maniwa Ayaka , Ueda Harumi , Toda Takahiro , Ito Kiyomi , Ochiai Wataru , Matsushita Ryo , Miyamoto Ken‐ichi , Sugiyama Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractByakkokaninjinto (BKN) is an herbal medicine used for the relief of diuresis, thirst and dermal pruritis that are associated with diabetes. The effects of BKN on the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the kidney, salivary gland and skin were investigated in order to clarify the mechanism of drug action. Seven‐week‐old KKAy mice were given feed containing 4.5% BKN for 4 weeks. Compared with the control group, BKN administration did not affect the blood glucose and insulin concentration. However, water intake and urine volume were significantly reduced. AQP2 protein expression in the kidney inner medullary was significantly increased after BKN administration. AQP3 mRNA and protein expression in skin tissue was significantly increased after BKN administration. However, BKN administration did not affect AQP5 mRNA expression in the salivary gland. These results suggest that BKN treatment relieves diuresis, thirst, and dermal pruritis by increasing kidney AQP2 expression and skin AQP3 expression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of a simulated convective boundary layer over inhomogeneous vegetation
Authors: Wang Chan , Tian Wenshou , Parker Douglas J. , Marsham John H. , Guo Zhenhai 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing a high‐resolution boundary‐layer model, effects of heterogeneity over a mesoscale flat domain are investigated through a series of idealised model simulations. In these simulations two different land surface types (bare soil and vegetation) are arranged in two different patterns. It is found that the effect of heterogeneity remains significant with geostrophic winds of 10 m s−1. However, when the geostrophic wind direction is perpendicular to the alignment of the surface heterogeneities (with alignment here defined as the direction along the edges of a sequence of surface patches), higher winds tend to weaken the coherent circulations caused by the surface heterogeneities. The vertical winds generated by the mesoscale circulations associated with the surface heterogeneities are on the order of 0.5 cm s−1. When the geostrophic wind direction is perpendicular to the alignment of the surface heterogeneities over a three‐strip surface type, the mesoscale pattern in horizontal velocity is also pronounced, with significant fluctuations at the interfaces between two different surface patches. The heights at which the heterogeneity effects on potential temperature and winds vanish are well above the convective boundary layer top and reach at least 3.3Ziunder light winds, but depend on the wind speed and directions as well as the orientation of surface heterogeneities.Finally, the implications of the surface heterogeneity for initiation of deep convection have been explored for a surface consisting of two‐dimensional strips of alternating soil and vegetated surfaces aligned in the north–south direction. For this surface pattern, the interaction between westerly background winds and the secondary circulation sets up conditions which favour the initiation of deep convection at the eastern, downwind edge of the soil strip. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
OPAL: A multiscale multicenter simulation package based on MPI‐2 protocol
Authors: Cao Chao , Chen Yun‐wen , Wu Yuning , Deumens Erik , Cheng Hai‐Ping 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBy using MPI‐2 standard, we designed and implemented a new multiscale simulation architecture OPAL. It requires minimum modification to existing simulation code as maintaining the execution efficiency. The new architecture is capable of dynamical region identification, dynamical process spawning, and is grid‐computing friendly. We demonstrated its usage and power with a simple test case: NaCl dissociation in water. The code shows excellent linear scaling capability, and no obvious degradation is observed. The communication time used by OPAL is negligible compared with its execution time, proving its high efficiency. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010