bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and ultrasonography of the normal kidney in brown lemurs:Eulemur fulvus
Authors: Raharison Fidiniaina , Mogicato Giovanni , Sautet Jean 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe the anatomy and obtain echographic measurements of normal kidneys in brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus). The anatomical findings show that brown lemur kidneys are comparable to those of rats except for an elongated papilla. The kidneys of 16 (7 females and 9 males) lemurs were examined with two‐dimensional and power Doppler ultrasonography under general anesthesia. Morphometrically, the left and right kidney surface areas are comparable (3.29 and 3.51 cm2). Kidney area has a significant linear correlation with body weight. Echo‐Doppler findings show that the mean renal arterial blood flow speeds for the left and right kidneys are comparable (0.70 and 0.73 m/s). However, flow speed is higher in the male (0.79 m/s) than in the female (0.60 m/s). The renal arterial diameters are between 1.0 and 1.8 mm. The fact that anesthesia can have hemodynamic effects on renal vasculature should be taken into consideration when assessing these echographic results. Am. J. Primatol. 71:647–653, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformational Tuning of Magnetic Interactions in Metal–DNA Complexes
Authors: Mallajosyula Sairam S. , Pati Swapan K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDie Anordnung von Cu2+‐Ionen entlang einer modifizierten DNA‐Helix wurde studiert; dabei kamen entweder über Hydroxypyridon (H) oder Bis(salicylaldehyd)ethylendiamin (S‐en) metallierte Basenpaare (MBPs) zum Einsatz. Die bewegliche Konformation von H‐MBP führt zur Verknüpfung der H‐MBPs durch ein ferromagnetisches Cu‐O‐Netzwerk, die festgelegte Konformation von S‐en‐MBP resultierte dagegen in paarweiser Stapelung und schwach antiferromagnetischen Eigenschaften.magnified image
Synthesis of Allenylidene Lithium and Silver Complexes, and Subsequent Transmetalation Reactions
Authors: Asay Matt , Donnadieu Bruno , Schoeller Wolfgang W. , Bertrand Guy 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlpha, Beta, Gamma! Aminosubstituenten in α‐ und β‐Positionen ermöglichen die Isolierung von freien Carbenen, aber selbst noch in der γ‐Position gestattet ihr starkes π‐Elektronendonorvermögen die Synthese von Allenyliden‐Lithium‐Addukten und Silberkomplexen (siehe Bild), die ideale Vorstufen für die Herstellung verschiedenartiger Übergangsmetall‐Allenyliden‐Komplexe sind.magnified image
1,n‐Glycols as Dialdehyde Equivalents in Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Carbonyl Allylation and Iterative Two‐Directional Assembly of 1,3‐Polyols
Authors: Lu Yu , Kim In Su , Hassan Abbas , Del Valle David J. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWirklich instabil? 1,n‐Glycole wirken als Syntheseäquivalente für instabile Dialdehyde bei der bidirektionalen Carbonylallylierung ausgehend vom Alkohol‐Oxidationsnivau unter iridiumkatalysierter Transferhydrierung. Eine iterative asymmetrische Allylierung mit 1,3‐Propandiol ermöglicht den schnellen Aufbau geschützter 1,3‐Polyolsubstrukturen mit außergewöhnlicher Stereokontrolle.magnified image
Titelbild: Bruch mit dem Dogma metallkoordinierender Carbonsäuren in Integrinliganden: Änderung von Selektivität und Aktivität durch Hydroxamsäuren als MIDAS‐Binder (Angew. Chem. 24/2009)
Authors: Heckmann Dominik , Laufer Burkhardt , Marinelli Luciana , Limongelli Vittorio , Novellino Ettore , Zahn Grit , Stragies Roland , Kessler Horst 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDie Bindung der Carboxygruppe eines Aspartatrestes an die Metallionen‐abhängige Adhäsionsstelle (MIDAS) ist ein Schlüsselelement der Ligandenbindung an Integrine. Dies wurde durch die Bindung des cyclischen Pentapeptids cyclo(RGDfNMeV) (Cilengitid) an das Integrin αvβ3 demonstriert (siehe Bild). H. Kessler und Mitarbeiter zeigen in der Zuschrift auf S. 4501 ff., dass sich die Carboxygruppe, die bisher für unverzichtbar gehalten wurde, durch eine Hydroxamsäureeinheit ersetzen lässt.magnified image
Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy Reveals that E. coli Inclusion Bodies of HET‐s(218–289) are Amyloids
Authors: Wasmer Christian , Benkemoun Laura , Sabaté Raimon , Steinmetz Michel O. , Coulary‐Salin Bénédicte , Wang Lei , Riek Roland , Saupe Sven J. , Meier Beat H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractProtein deposition frequently occurs as inclusion bodies (IBs) during heterologous protein expression in E. coli. The structure of these E. coli IBs of the prion‐forming domain from the fungal prion HET‐s is the same as that previously determined for fibrils assembled in vitro, and show prion infectivity. These results demonstrate that the IBs of HET‐s(218–289) are amyloids.magnified image
Transition‐Metal Phosphate Colloidal Spheres
Authors: Chen Chen , Chen Wei , Lu Jun , Chu Deren , Huo Ziyang , Peng Qing , Li Yadong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe music of the spheres: Transition‐metal phosphate colloidal spheres with one metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu; see picture) or more than one metal (such as Fe–Ni, Co–Cu, Fe–Co–Cu, Fe–Co–Ni–Cu, Mn–Fe–Co–Ni–Cu, and Mn–Fe–Co–Ni–Cu–Zn) were synthesized in solution at low temperature. Porous and hollow iron phosphate spheres were prepared by adjusting the pH value of the reaction.magnified image
Difluoro‐λ5‐Phosphinonitrile F2PN: Matrix Isolation and Photoisomerization into FPNF
Authors: Zeng Xiaoqing , Beckers Helmut , Willner Helge 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSplendid isolation: Monomeric phosphazene F2PN (1A1) was prepared for the first time through irradiation of F2PN3 in an argon matrix with an ArF excimer laser (λ=193 nm). Upon subsequent irradiation with a high‐pressure mercury arc lamp (λ=255 nm), F2PN undergoes a 1,2‐fluorine shift to give iminophosphane cis‐FPNF.magnified image
Cover Picture: Breaking the Dogma of the Metal‐Coordinating Carboxylate Group in Integrin Ligands: Introducing Hydroxamic Acids to the MIDAS To Tune Potency and Selectivity (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 24/2009)
Authors: Heckmann Dominik , Laufer Burkhardt , Marinelli Luciana , Limongelli Vittorio , Novellino Ettore , Zahn Grit , Stragies Roland , Kessler Horst 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe binding of the carboxyl group of an aspartate residue in the metal‐ion‐dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) is a key feature in the binding of ligands to integrins. This finding was demonstrated by the binding of the cyclic pentapeptide cyclo(RGDfNMeV) (Cilengitid) to the integrin αvβ3 (see picture). In their Communication on p. 4436 ff, H. Kessler and co‐workers show that the carboxyl group previously considered essential for binding can be replaced by a hydroxamic acid unit.magnified image
Accessibility of simple gases in disordered carbons: theory and simulation
Authors: Nguyen T. X. , Bhatia S. K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe present a review of our recent studies on the accessibility of simple gases (Ar, N2, CH4 and CO2) in disordered microporous carbons using transition state theory (TST) and molecular simulation techniques. A realistic carbon model rather than the slit‐pore approximation is utilised, providing more accurate understanding of complex adsorption equilibrium and dynamics behaviour at the molecular level in porous carbons, especially kinetic restriction of adsorbate molecules through highly constricted pore mouths of coals and molecular sieve carbons (MSC). This kinetic restriction leads to a molecular sieving effect which plays a vital role in gas separation using the MSCs. In particular, the realistic carbon model of a saccharose char used in a recent study was obtained by hybrid reverse Monte Carlo simulation. The time of adsorption or desorption of the single gas molecule between two neighbouring pores through a highly constricted window of the realistic saccharose char model was determined using TST. Finally, the validation of TST calculated results of adsorption and desorption times against experimental measurements as well as molecular dynamics simulation is also presented in this article. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model for the dynamic behavior of a commercial scale slurry bubble column reactor applied for the Fischer–Tropch synthesis
Authors: Ghasemi Samira , Sohrabi Morteza , Rahmani Mohammad 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is an important chemical process for the production of liquid fuels. In the present study, a dynamic model for a commercial size slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR) operating under heterogeneous flow regime and dealing with the FTS has been developed. In such a model a detailed kinetics expressions for the FTS and water gas shift (WGS) reactions have been considered. A selectivity model combined with SBCR hydrodynamics and the multicomponent VLE scheme have been applied to estimate the distribution of olefins and paraffins in the products. In addition, the effects of catalyst deactivation on reactor performance and product distribution under transient conditions may be predicted from this model. The data calculated from the model have been correlated with the experimental results available in the literature. It seems that the present model could be applied to estimate the main characteristics of the reactor's dynamic behavior. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of different electrode configurations on the migration of copper ions during the electrokinetic remediation process
Authors: Almeira Juan , Peng Changsheng , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractElectrokinetic remediation (EKR) is becoming a popular technique for removal of heavy metals from polluted soils, but its low efficiency induced from high pH area should be improved. It is known that the proper arrangement of electric field direction and intensity may influence the migration of H+ and OH− by direction and distance, which means that basic and acid zones can be optimized through electric field orientation arrangement. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the arrangement of electrodes on acid/basic zone, minimizing basic area and maximizing acid area in the soil. In this paper, five soil samples named TQ1, TQ2, TQ2, B55, and B60 were treated by EKR with different two‐dimensional (2D) electrodes arrangement, in order to investigate the effect of electrode configurations on the distribution of pH and copper ions removal. Based on the results of copper removal, energy consumption, effective area, and the percentage of acid, basic and pH jump area, the best electrode configuration would be a cathode–anode–cathode arrangement with 60° angle. It can also be seen from the results that only in the area of pH < 4, copper ions could be removed effectively. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study on gasification characteristics and slagging behavior of Chinese typical high ash fusion temperature coal in lab scale downflow gasifier
Authors: Wu Xiaojiang , Zhang Zhongxiao , Piao Guilin , Kobayashi Nobusuke , Mori Shigekatsu , Itaya Yoshinori 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn order to extend the applicability of entrained flow gasification technology by using Chinese high ash fusion temperature (AFT) coal with dry ash extraction, gasification characteristics and slagging behavior of Chinese high AFT coal were studied in a lab scale downflow gasifier. The results showed that under this experimental condition, the optimum temperature window which is suitable for dry ash extraction with high AFT coal ranges from 1573 to 1623 K, as well as the corresponding optimum O2/coal mass ratio ranges from 0.93 to 1.13. The cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion are around 42 and 90%, respectively in this experiment. The slag on the bottom of the gasifier and in the cyclone existed, on the whole, as solid except that some small parts were melted with several micrometers in diameter, while the slag in the bag filter had remained unmelted when continue operating at an optimum condition for 1.5 h. Due to the small percentage of melted parts in the slag, the tendency of plugging is small and the problems of plugging can be avoided at the exit of gasifier by gasifying Chinese high AFT coal at around 1623 K. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lumped dynamic model for a bistable genetic regulatory circuit within a variable‐volume whole‐cell modelling framework
Authors: Maria Gheorghe 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGenetic regulatory circuits (GRCs) including switches, oscillators, signal amplifiers or filters, and signalling circuits are responsible for the control of cell metabolism. Modelling such complex GRCs is a difficult task due to high complexity of the the process (partly known) and the structural, functional and temporal hierarchical organisation of the cell system. Modular lumped representation, grouping some reactions/components and including different types of variables, is a promising alternative allowing individual module characterisation and elaboration of extended simulation platforms for representing the GRC dynamic properties and designing new cell functions. Such models allow to in‐silico design modified micro‐organisms with desirable properties for practical applications in bioprocess engineering and biotechnology. In the present work, the analysis of a designed bistable switch formed by two gene expression modules is performed in a variable‐volume and whole‐cell modelling framework, by mimicking the Escherichia coli cell growth. The advantages but also limitations of such a new approach are investigated, by using a Hill‐type kinetics combined with few elementary steps, with the aim of better representing the adjustable levels of key intermediates tuning the GRC regulatory properties in terms of stability strength, species connectivity, responsiveness, and regulatory efficiency under stationary and dynamic perturbations. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speciation of heavy metals in sediments from Baihua Lake and Aha Lake
Authors: Huang Xian‐fei , HU Ji‐wei , Deng Jia‐jun , Li Cun‐xiong , Qin Fan‐xin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBaihua Lake and Aha Lake are both drinking‐water sources for Guiyang City, the capital of Guizhou Province in southwestern China. In the present research, chemical speciation of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the sediments from these two lakes was studied based on the sequential extraction procedure developed by Tessier et al., and organic matter (OM) was determined by ignition method. The results obtained are as follows:1 The organic matter amounts in sediments from Baihua Lake and Aha Lake ranged from 11.62 to 18.02% and 8.48 to 13.90%, respectively;2 Cr and Zn were mainly distributed in residual phase, while Cu mainly existed in oxidizable and residual phases;3 Levels of Cu distributed in oxidizable phase in sediments from Baihua Lake were higher than those from Aha Lake;4 Mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity of Cu were low in comparison with Zn and Cr, because Cu was mainly distributed in oxidizable and residual phases in which heavy metals mobility was lower than in the other phases. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between organic matter and Cr in oxidizable phase of the 20 sediment samples collected from the two lakes was up to 0.604 (p < 0.01). Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential Limb Scaling in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and Its Implications for Archosaur Locomotor Evolution
Authors: Livingston Victoria J. , Bonnan Matthew F. , Elsey Ruth M. , Sandrik Jennifer L. , Wilhite D. Ray 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBipedalism evolved multiple times within archosaurs, and relatively shorter forelimbs characterize both crocodyliforms and nonavian dinosaurs. Analysis of a comprehensive ontogenetic sequence of specimens (embryo to adult) of the sauropodomorph Massospondylus has shown that bipedal limb proportions result from negative forelimb allometry. We ask, is negative forelimb allometry a pattern basal to archosaurs, amplified in certain taxa to produce bipedalism? Given the phylogenetic position of extant crocodylians and their relatively shorter forelimb, we tested the hypothesis that prevalent negative forelimb allometry is present in Alligator mississippiensis from a sample of wild specimens from embryonic to adult sizes. Long bone lengths (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, third metapodials) were measured with their epiphyseal cartilage intact at all sizes. Our results show an overall isometric pattern for most elements regressed on femur length, humerus length, or total limb length. However, negative allometry was prevalent for the ulna, and the third metapodials scale with positive allometry embryonically. These data suggest that the general forelimb proportions in relation to the hindlimb do not change significantly with increasing size in A. mississippiensis. The negative allometry of the ulna and embryonicaly positive allometry of the third metapodials appears to be related to maintaining the functional integrity of the limbs. We show that this pattern is different from that of the sauropodomorph Massospondylus, and we suggest that if bipedalism in archosaurs is tied, in part, to negative forearm allometry, it was either secondarily lost through isometric scaling, or never developed in the ancestor of A. mississippiensis. Anat Rec, 292:787–797, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post‐Modification of meso–meso‐Linked Porphyrin Arrays by Iridium and Rhodium Catalyses for Tuning of Energy Gap
Authors: Chen Jinping , Aratani Naoki , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSkillfully attached! meso–meso‐Linked diporphyrins can be efficiently and selectively functionalized with multiple unsaturated carboxylic acid groups through iridium and rhodium catalyses. This post‐modification strategy allows fine‐tuning of energy levels of each porphyrin unit.magnified imagemeso–meso‐Linked diporphyrins fabricated with multiple unsaturated carboxylic acid groups are efficiently synthesized by the use of transition‐metal catalysis. Iridium‐catalyzed direct borylation of meso–meso‐linked diporphyrins furnish multi‐borylated diporphyrins with high regioselectivity. Then, the introduction of α,β‐ or α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated ester functions to the diporphyrins is achieved through rhodium‐catalyzed Heck‐type addition of the borylated diporphyrins to acrylate or 2,4‐pentadienoate esters. Saponification of the esters to the corresponding acids is accomplished in high yields. The post‐modification of diporphyrin 6 smoothly provides a water‐soluble multiporphyrin array 1 in 84 % total yield in 3 steps. This functionalization significantly affects the electronic properties of the porphyrins, resulting in different energy levels of each porphyrin unit. The absorption and fluorescence spectra indicate efficient energy transfer in the porphyrin dimers.
Toward an organismal, integrative, and iterative phylogeography
Authors: Buckley David 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPhylogeography involves the analysis of gene genealogies in a spatial context, to infer the historical processes that have shaped the current population structure and distribution of organisms. The field has expanded rapidly in the last three decades, triggered by important technical and methodological advances. However, these technical improvements have not been paralleled by major changes in theoretical paradigms. I suggest that phylogeographic techniques are underutilized, and that adopting an organismal, integrative, and iterative research program in phylogeography will reinforce the explanatory power of the discipline.
MicroRNAs and metazoan macroevolution: insights into canalization, complexity, and the Cambrian explosion
Authors: Peterson Kevin J. , Dietrich Michael R. , McPeek Mark A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOne of the most interesting challenges facing paleobiologists is explaining the Cambrian explosion, the dramatic appearance of most metazoan animal phyla in the Early Cambrian, and the subsequent stability of these body plans over the ensuing 530 million years. We propose that because phenotypic variation decreases through geologic time, because microRNAs (miRNAs) increase genic precision, by turning an imprecise number of mRNA transcripts into a more precise number of protein molecules, and because miRNAs are continuously being added to metazoan genomes through geologic time, miRNAs might be instrumental in the canalization of development. Further, miRNAs ultimately allow for natural selection to elaborate morphological complexity, because by reducing gene expression variability, miRNAs increase heritability, allowing selection to change characters more effectively. Hence, miRNAs might play an important role in shaping metazoan macroevolution, and might be part of the solution to the Cambrian conundrum.
Illuminating cell signaling: Using Vibrio harveyi in an introductory biology laboratory
Authors: Hrizo Stacy L. , Kaufmann Nancy 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCell signaling is an essential cellular process that is performed by all living organisms. Bacteria communicate with each other using a chemical language in a signaling pathway that allows bacteria to evaluate the size of their population, determine when they have reached a critical mass (quorum sensing), and then change their behavior in unison to carry out processes that require many cells acting together to be effective. Here, we describe a laboratory exercise in which the students observe the induction of bioluminescence or light production as an output of the quorum sensing pathway in Vibrio harveyi. Using both wildtype and mutant bacterial strains they explore the induction of community behavior via cell‐cell communication by determining whether there is a correlation between the density of the bacterial population and the production of light by the bacterial culture. Using data from a cross‐feeding assay the students make predictions about the identity of their strains and directly test these predictions using conditioned media from various liquid cultures. This two part exercise is designed for an introductory biology course to begin familiarizing students with collecting data, making predictions based upon the data and directly testing their hypotheses using a model organism with a cell signaling pathway that has a simple visual output: light production.
First steps in computational systems biology: A practical session in metabolic modeling and simulation
Authors: Reyes‐Palomares Armando , Sánchez‐Jiménez Francisca , Medina Miguel Ángel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of biological functions requires new systemic perspectives, such as those provided by systems biology. Systems biology approaches are hypothesis‐driven and involve iterative rounds of model building, prediction, experimentation, model refinement, and development. Developments in computer science are allowing for ever faster numerical simulations of mathematical models. Mathematical modeling plays an essential role in new systems biology approaches. As a complex, integrated system, metabolism is a suitable topic of study for systems biology approaches. However, up until recently, this topic has not been properly covered in biochemistry courses. This communication reports the development and implementation of a practical lesson plan on metabolic modeling and simulation.