bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Data Crowd as a Legal Stakeholder
Authors: Kreiczer-Levy Shelly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article identifies a new legal stakeholder in the data economy: the data crowd. A data crowd is a collective that: (i) is unorganised, non-deliberate and unable to form an agenda; (ii) relies on productive aggregation that creates an interdependency among participants; and (iii) is subjected to an external authority. Notable examples of crowds include users of a social network, users of a search engine and users of artificial intelligence-based applications. The law currently only protects users in the data economy as individuals, and in certain cases may address broad public concerns. However, it does not recognise the collective interests of the crowd of users and its unique vulnerability to platform power. The article presents and defends the crowd’s legal interests in a stable infrastructure for participation. It therefore reveals the need for a new approach to consumers’ rights in the data economy.
EGFR, HER2, and MET gene amplification and protein expression profiles in biliary tract cancer and their prognostic significance
Authors: Kim Yeseul , Jee Seungyun , Kim Hyunsung , Paik Seung Sam , Choi Dongho , Yoo Su Hyun , Shin Su-Jin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
There are limited conventional chemotherapy options for biliary tract cancers (BTCs), a heterogenous group of lethal, rare malignancies. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is closely associated with the progression of human malignancies through the regulation of cell cycle. Overexpression or amplification of RTKs has been investigated as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in BTC; herein, we investigate the value of such interventions.

Materials and Methods
Overexpression of RTK proteins was examined by immunohistochemistry in 193 BTC samples, of which 137 were gallbladder carcinoma, 29 were perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, and 27 were intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Silver in situ hybridization of MET and HER2 was performed to assess gene amplification.

Results
In the entire cancer group, gallbladder, perihilar, and intrahepatic, MET amplification rates were 15.7%, 19.0%, 3.4%, and 14.8%, respectively, and of HER2 amplification rates were 22.4%, 27.2%, 17.2%, and 3.7%, respectively. MET and HER2 protein expressions were significantly correlated with their gene amplification status. RTKs were significantly associated with adverse clinicopathologic features such as advanced pT category and lymph node metastasis. Overall survival was significantly shorter in MET-amplified (P = .024) and EGFR-overexpressed cases (P = .045). Recurrence-free survival was significantly correlated with HER2-amplified (P = .038) and EGFR-overexpressed cases (P = .046) in all patient groups. Overall and recurrence-free survival were significantly shorter in patients who were double positive for HER2 and EGFR.

Conclusion
Our data suggested that MET, HER2, and EGFR might be potential therapeutic targets and that their co-expression is a strong prognostic factor for BTCs.
Cross-Market Effects of Consolidation: Evidence from Banking
Authors: Bird Andrew , Du Ding , Karolyi Stephen A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The U.S. banking sector had nearly 70% fewer banks in 2022 relative to 1989, primarily because of mergers. We develop a methodology to estimate cross-market spillover effects of bank mergers and test whether the operations of incumbents facing consolidating competitors in one market are affected in other markets. We find that nonmerging banks within a market that are one standard deviation more exposed to mergers in other markets increase deposits by 2.1% relative to their less exposed competitors. Our methodology may be applied elsewhere to assess the aggregate impacts of industry consolidation and illustrates challenges with product-based or geographic market definitions.
Field science and scientific collaboration in the Svalbard Archipelago: beyond science diplomacy
Authors: Strouk Mayline , Maisonobe Marion 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The presence of non-Arctic and non-European countries in the Arctic has been growing over the past two decades. Given the geographic distance of these countries from the polar region, their presence in the High North may seem surprising. In this article, we study the presence in Svalbard of scientists from different origins and how they interact through an analysis of the field missions in which they are involved. Combining network analysis and interviews, we highlight the role of the stations located in the archipelago for access to the field and the cooperation strategies of scientists, including those from countries that do not have stations above the Arctic Circle. We tackle issues of integration in this area by empirically discussing three logics: (1) scientific autonomy, (2) core-periphery structure, and (3) regional patterns of cooperation, thus going beyond an approach strictly limited to the analysis of science diplomacy policies.
Performance of several clinical scoring systems as predictors of adverse outcomes in acute exposure to toxic alcohols
Authors: Sharif Asmaa F , Shaheen Rakan S , Alsubaie Duhaim S , Alshabibi Rakan A , Abusamak Fahad W , AlNasser Shahd , Al-Mulhim Khalid A , Abdelgawad Inas I 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Toxic alcohols are chemicals with common metabolic characteristics resulting in severe morbidities and mortalities. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of six scoring systems: The Poison Severity Score (PSS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), and Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) in stratifying the patients exposed to toxic alcohol based on liability of organ failure, prolonged hospital stay, and need for an antidote.

Methods
A seven-year retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of adult patients admitted to a poison control center.

Results
About 42.6% were complicated with adverse outcomes. Methanol was the worst toxic alcohol and the only cause of blindness and death. About 27.1% of methanol-exposed patients suffered from acute kidney injury, 15.3% suffered from hemodynamic instability and neurological dysfunction, and 8.5% suffered from respiratory failure. An APACHE II score above 8 was the best predictor of unfavorable outcomes, exhibiting the highest area under the curve (0.972), followed by the SOFA score. The APACHE II score was praised for being the best discriminator of an expected prolonged hospital stay. Yet, the simple scores, including RAPS and REMS, showed good performance as unfavorable outcome predictors with no significant variations to PSS, APACHE II score, and SOFA scores.

Conclusion
The current study concluded that though the APACHE II and SOFA scores were superior to others, the RAPS and REMS are good, simple, and effective alternatives, particularly when resources are restricted.
Changing selection on amino acid substitutions in Gag protein between major HIV-1 subtypes
Authors: Klink Galya V , Kalinina Olga V , Bazykin Georgii A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Amino acid preferences at a protein site depend on the role of this site in protein function and structure as well as on external constraints. All these factors can change in the course of evolution, making amino acid propensities of a site time-dependent. When viral subtypes divergently evolve in different host subpopulations, such changes may depend on genetic, medical, and sociocultural differences between these subpopulations. Here, using our previously developed phylogenetic approach, we describe sixty-nine amino acid sites of the Gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) where amino acids have different impact on viral fitness in six major subtypes of the type M. These changes in preferences trigger adaptive evolution; indeed, 32 (46 per cent) of these sites experienced strong positive selection at least in one of the subtypes. At some of the sites, changes in amino acid preferences may be associated with differences in immune escape between subtypes. The prevalence of an amino acid in a protein site within a subtype is only a poor predictor for whether this amino acid is preferred in this subtype according to the phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, attempts to identify the factors of viral evolution from comparative genomics data should integrate across multiple sources of information.
Pain Education and Virtual Reality Improves Pain, Pain-related Fear of Movement, and Trunk Kinematics in Individuals With Persistent Low Back Pain
Authors: Window Peter , McGrath Michelle , Harvie Daniel S. , Smits Esther , Johnston Venerina , Murdoch Megan , Russell Trevor 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of combining pain education and virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy using a cognitive-behavioral therapy-informed approach (virtual reality-based cognitive behavioral therapy [VR-CBT]) on pain intensity, fear of movement, and trunk movement in individuals with persistent low back pain.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-seven participants were recruited in a single cohort repeated measures study, attending 3 sessions 1 week apart. The VR-CBT intervention included standardized pain education (session 1) and virtual reality-based exposure therapy (VRET; session 2) incorporating gameplay with mixed reality video capture and reflective feedback of performance. Outcome measures (pain intensity, pain-related fear of movement (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), and trunk kinematics during functional movements (maximum amplitude and peak velocity) were collected at baseline (session 1) and 1 week after education (session 2) and VRET (session 3). One-way repeated measures analysis of variances evaluated change in outcomes from baseline to completion. Post hoc contrasts evaluated effect sizes for the education and VR components of VR-CBT.

Results:
Thirty-four participants completed all sessions. Significant (P < 0.001) reductions were observed in mean (SD) pain (baseline 5.9 [1.5]; completion 4.3 [2.1]) and fear of movement (baseline 42.6 [6.4]; completion 34.3 [7.4]). Large effect sizes (Cohen d) were observed for education (pain intensity: 0.85; fear of movement: 1.28), whereas the addition of VRET demonstrated very small insignificant effect sizes (pain intensity: 0.10; fear of movement: 0.18). Peak trunk velocity, but not amplitude, increased significantly (P < 0.05) across trunk movement tasks.

Conclusion:
A VR-CBT intervention improved pain, pain-related fear of movement, and trunk kinematics. Further research should explore increased VR-CBT dosage and mechanisms underlying improvement.
Experimentally Dissociating the Acute Mechanisms of Endplate Fracture Lesions and Schmorl's Node Injuries Using a Porcine Cervical Spine Model
Authors: Watson Michael I. , Zehr Jackie D. , Callaghan Jack P. 
Published: May 2024

Study Design.
This is an in vitro biomechanical study.

Objective.
This study evaluated the influence of localized trabecular bone strength deficits and loading rate as determinants of Schmorl’s node and fracture lesion incidence. The failure load (ultimate compression tolerance [UCT]), loading stiffness, and failure morphology were assessed after acute compression loading and failure.

Summary of Background Data.
The cartilaginous endplate is vulnerable to injuries such as Schmorl’s nodes and fracture lesions. While both injuries are associated with acute compression traumas, the factors that distinguish their incidence are poorly understood.

Methods.
Forty-eight porcine spinal units (domestic hog, 5–10 mo, ~110 kg) were assigned to one of eight experimental groups that differed by initial condition (control, sham, experimentally produced chemical fragility, and structural void) and loading rate (3 kN/s, 9kN/s). A servo-hydraulic materials testing system was used to perform acute compression testing until observed failure in the specimen. Post-loading dissection was performed to classify injury morphologies. Between group differences in UCT and loading stiffness were evaluated using a general linear model and injury distributions were evaluated using chi-squared statistics.

Results.
Schmorl’s nodes occurred exclusively in chemical fragility (63%) and structural void groups (37%) and were more prevalent with a 9 kN/s (75%) loading rate compared with 3 kN/s (25%). In contrast, fracture lesions occurred in all FSUs assigned to the control groups (100%) and the majority of those assigned to the sham groups (92%). No between-group differences were observed for UCT and loading stiffness.

Conclusion.
Pre-existing strength deficits of the subchondral trabecular bone can alter endplate injury morphology, particularly when coupled with high loading rates, but the localized strength deficits that were associated with Schmorl’s nodes did not appreciably influence measured joint properties.
180- Versus 360-Degree Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Open Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Daniel , Shah Paras P. , Wong Amanda , Zhang Charles , Barmas-Alamdari Daniel , Bouaziz Michael , Tirsi Andrew , Tello Celso 
Published: May 2024

Précis:
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that 360-degree selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is significantly more effective than 180-degree SLT at reducing intraocular pressure at 1-month and 1-year follow-ups without increased serious adverse event risk.

Purpose:
To determine the efficacy of 180- versus 360-degree selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in adults with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT).

Methods:
A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, from 1995 to December 30, 2023, for studies comparing 180 and 360-degree SLT in adults with OAG and OHT (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024497832). Meta-analyses were performed to calculate nominal percent and raw reductions in intraocular pressure (IOP) between treatment groups at 1-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-ups, as well as success rates, defined as a 20% or greater IOP reduction.

Results:
Nine studies with 1044 eyes were included; 491 received 180-degree SLT, and 553 received 360-degree SLT. At the 1-month follow-up, 360-degree SLT reduced IOP by 3.45% more (WMD=3.45; 95% CI: 2.02–4.88; P<0.00001) and 0.87 mm Hg more (WMD=0.87; 95% CI: 0.35–1.38; P=0.0010). At the 1-year follow-up, 360-degree SLT reduced IOP by 4.33% more (WMD=4.33; 95% CI: 2.35–6.32; P<0.0001) and 1.15 mm Hg more (WMD=1.15; 95% CI: 0.25–2.04; P=0.01). At 2 years of follow-up, 360-degree SLT reduced IOP by 4.86% more (WMD=4.86; 95% CI: −0.32, 10.0; P=0.07) and 1.25 mm Hg more (WMD=1.25; 95% CI: −0.29, 2.79; P=0.11); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Compared with 360-degree SLT, 180-degree SLT had a significantly lower success rate (OR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.35–0.72; P=0.0002). There was no difference in serious complications between interventions.

Conclusions:
360-degree SLT is more effective than 180-degree SLT at lowering IOP at 1-month and 1-year follow-ups as well as achieving successful IOP control without increased risk of serious complications.
Salmonella Bacteremia in Spanish Pediatric Emergency Departments: Uncommon But Not Mild
Authors: Garrido Rodríguez María , Alonso-Cadenas José Antonio , Gómez Borja , Gangoiti Iker , Hernández-Bou Susanna , de la Torre Espí Mercedes ,   Bacteremia Study Working Group from the Infectious Diseases Working Group, Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergencies (SEUP)
Published: May 2024

Background:

Salmonella spp. is an uncommon microorganism in bloodstream infections among pediatric patients in our setting, although in developing countries it is the most common causative organism in blood cultures.

Methods:
We describe the children presenting to pediatric emergency departments and diagnosed with Salmonella bacteremia (SB) and identify clinical and laboratory predictors of poor outcome (ie, complications, sequelae and death) by bivariate analysis. We performed an observational study and subanalysis of a multicenter prospective registry, including patients <18 years of age with a positive blood culture obtained at any of the 22 participating Spanish pediatric emergency departments between 2011 and 2016. We considered young age, chronic diseases, immunosuppressive treatment and intestinal flora disruption as risk factors for SB.

Results:
Of the 55 patients with SB (3.2% of registered bacteremia), 32 (58.2%) had no risk factors for SB, 42 (76.3%) had a normal pediatric assessment triangle and 45 (81.8%) an associated gastrointestinal infection (acute gastroenteritis or enteric fever). Nine (16.4%) had a poor outcome, including 1 death (1.8%). A poor outcome was more common in patients with an abnormal pediatric assessment triangle [odds ratio (OR): 51.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.2–289.5], an altered physical examination (OR: 15.2; 95% CI: 4.4–58.8) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.005–1.03).

Conclusions:
Most SBs were related to a gastrointestinal infection. One in 6 children had a poor outcome; abnormal pediatric assessment triangle on arrival (25% of patients) was the main risk factor identified.
A Pilot Study of a Trauma Resiliency Protocol for Law Enforcement Officers With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Maguire Edward R. , de Andrade Thais Moreira , Melchor Brenda 
Published: May 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to test the efficacy of the 22ZERO Trauma Resiliency Protocol (TR-P) on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity among current and former law enforcement officers.

Methods
The study used a retrospective, pre/post intervention design to test the effects of the TR-P on measures of self-reported symptom severity.

Results
One hundred twenty-eight current and former law enforcement officers were exposed to the TR-P treatment. All participants were administered the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 PTSD Checklist and other psychological assessments before and after exposure. Participants experienced a significant reduction in symptom severity, suggesting that exposure to the TR-P reduced the effects of PTSD in this sample of law enforcement officers.

Conclusions
The 22ZERO TR-P may be an efficacious mechanism for reducing PTSD symptom severity among current and former law enforcement officers. It should be tested using a randomized trial and a longer follow-up period.
Phenotypic, Genomic, and Transcriptomic Heterogeneity in a Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Xie Gengqiang , Zhang Liting , Usman Olalekan H. , Kumar Sampath , Modak Chaity , Patel Dhenu , Kavanaugh Megan , Mallory Xian , Wang Yue Julia , Irianto Jerome 
Published: May 2024

Objective
To evaluate the suitability of the MIA PaCa-2 cell line for studying pancreatic cancer intratumor heterogeneity, we aim to further characterize the nature of MIA PaCa-2 cells' phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptomic heterogeneity.

Materials and Methods
MIA PaCa-2 single-cell clones were established through flow cytometry. For the phenotypic study, we quantified the cellular morphology, proliferation rate, migration potential, and drug sensitivity of the clones. The chromosome copy number and transcriptomic profiles were quantified using SNPa and RNA-seq, respectively.

Results
Four MIA PaCa-2 clones showed distinctive phenotypes, with differences in cellular morphology, proliferation rate, migration potential, and drug sensitivity. We also observed a degree of genomic variations between these clones in form of chromosome copy number alterations and single nucleotide variations, suggesting the genomic heterogeneity of the population, and the intrinsic genomic instability of MIA PaCa-2 cells. Lastly, transcriptomic analysis of the clones also revealed gene expression profile differences between the clones, including the uniquely regulated ITGAV, which dictates the morphology of MIA PaCa-2 clones.

Conclusions
MIA PaCa-2 is comprised of cells with distinctive phenotypes, heterogeneous genomes, and differential transcriptomic profiles, suggesting its suitability as a model to study the underlying mechanisms behind pancreatic cancer heterogeneity.
10-Day Theta Burst Stimulation Intervention Facilitates the Clinical Rehabilitation of Patients After an Isolated Limb Fracture
Authors: Jodoin Marianne , Herrero Babiloni Alberto , Provost Catherine , Blais Hélène , Bellemare Audrey , Desjardins Martine , Rouleau Dominique M. , De Beaumont Louis 
Published: May 2024

Objective
We investigated if theta burst stimulation could enhance recovery by reducing key symptoms when implemented acutely postfracture in participants with an isolated upper limb fracture.

Methods/Design
This was a pilot study with a randomized matched pair, sham-controlled, participant-blind design of a 10-day prolonged continuous theta burst stimulation protocol. Two main groups were included: I) participants with isolated upper limb fracture receiving active theta burst stimulation and II) patients with isolated upper limb fracture receiving SHAM/placebo. Another group (III) of healthy individuals was the reference group. Disability and pain intensity were collected through questionnaires (disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand as well as numerical rating scale (NRA)) at three time points (baseline; 72 hrs after intervention, 3 mos after injury). Group III completed the baseline assessment.

Results
Seventy-nine participants were enrolled. Individuals in the ACTIVE and SHAM groups had similar baseline measures. For disability, the interaction between intervention and time approached significance (F = 2.33; P = 0.11), whereas it was significant for pain (F = 3.42; P = 0.04). At 3 mos after injury, the ACTIVE group reported reduced disability (F = 4.71; P = 0.04) and pain (F = 5.84; P = 0.02) at 3 mos after injury compared to the SHAM group, with clinical measures from ACTIVE group being like controls.

Conclusions
In isolated upper limb fracture patients, a 10-day theta burst stimulation intervention implemented acutely posttrauma had beneficial effects on symptoms of functional recovery and pain at 3 mos after trauma.