bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deuteration of Water Enables Self‐Organization of Phospholipid‐Based Reverse Micelles
Authors: Milhaud Jeannine , Bouchemal Nadia , Rog Tomasz , Hantz Edith 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPhospholipid‐based reverse micelles are composed of branched cylinders. Their branching points are known to attract themselves and to slide along branches. The rate of this sliding is governed by the lifetime of H(D)‐bonded water bridges between phospholipid molecules. This lifetime is increased when the water is deuterated. On condition that the water contains at least 40 D atoms %, water/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/deuterated pyridine reverse micelles with the composition 1.1:1:250 (v/v) have been shown to self‐organize into a liquid crystal in the 310–316 K temperature range. The mechanism of this self‐organization is unraveled by following the FTIR and 1H NMR spectra of more concentrated micelles upon heating. During the preparation of micelles, pyridine‐(D+)H+ ions are formed. They give rise to hydron transfers, under the influence of the DPPC electric charges, evidenced by two broad FTIR absorptions above (BB1) and below (BB2) the ν(CO) stretch. These hydron transfers occur along strong (D+)H+ bonds of pyridinium ions with pyridine (BB1) and DPPC CO groups (BB2). The proton transfers at the interface of micelles, relayed in the continuous pyridine medium, create a tenuous link between separated micelles, thus facilitating their organization. Upon heating, DPPC heads shrink and DPPC chains expand to make wedge‐shaped DPPC molecules. The micelles then change in shape: cylinders constrict and enclosed water drifts towards branching points, which swell. Branching points of neighboring micelles come into contact. Due to the deuteration of water these contacts are prolonged and H bonds are formed between DPPC molecules located in each branching point. Upon storage at 39 °C, these branching points fuse. The lateral diffusion of DPPC molecules becomes free, as evidenced by a narrowing of all 1H NMR resonances. Upon further heating, reorganization into a liquid crystal occurs.
Plasma homocysteine levels are associated with ulceration of the foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: González R. , Pedro T. , Real Jose T. , Martínez‐Hervás S. , Abellán M. R. , Lorente R. , Priego A. , Catalá M. , Chaves F. J. , Ascaso J. F. , Carmena R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the association of biochemical markers of risk (plasma Hcy, microalbuminuria, lipoprotein (a)(Lp(a)) and diabetic dyslipidaemia) with the prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration in type 2 diabetic patients.MethodsCase/control study conducted in 198 type 2 diabetic patients. 89 patients have foot ulcers and 109 have no foot ulcers (control group), in order to establish ORs for diabetic foot ulceration. In all subjects plasma Hcy, Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, HbA1c and microalbuminuria were measured using standard procedures.ResultsPlasma Hcy, microalbuminuria, HbA1c and apolipoprotein B levels were significantly higher in patients with foot ulceration compared with the control group. Plasma lipids, Lp(a), vitamin B12 and folic acid values were similar in both groups. In the logistic regression model, plasma Hcy (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.04–1.69), microalbuminuria (OR 1,01; 95% CI 1.01–1.17) and HbA1c levels (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.04–1.69) were independent risk factors for the presence of diabetic foot ulceration.ConclusionsIn our study, for each µmol increase in plasma Hcy levels there was a 10% increase in the risk of diabetic foot ulceration. In addition, plasma homocyteine, HbA1c and microalbuminuria accounted for 50% prevalence risk of diabetic foot ulceration. Further prospective studies should be conducted to confirm the association of plasma Hcy levels with the risk of foot ulceration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of dyslexia on postural control in adults
Authors: Patel M. , Magnusson M. , Lush D. , Gomez S. , Fransson P. A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDyslexia has been shown to affect postural control. The aim of the present study was to investigate the difference in postural stability measured as torque variance in an adult dyslexic group (n=14, determined using the Adult Dyslexia Checklist (ADCL) and nonsense word repetition test) and an adult non‐dyslexic group (n=39) on a firm surface and on a foam block and with eyes open and eyes closed. Another aim was to investigate the correlation between ADCL scores and postural stability.Findings showed that ADCL scores correlated with torque variance in the anteroposterior direction on foam with eyes closed (p=0.001) and in the lateral direction on the foam surface with eyes closed (p=0.040) and open (p=0.010). General Linear Model analysis showed that high dyslexia scores were associated with increased torque variance (p<0.001). However, we found no significant difference between dyslexics and non‐dyslexics, though there were indications of larger torque variance in the dyslexics.The findings suggest that adults with high dyslexic ADCL scores may experience sub‐clinical balance deficits. Hence, assessing motor ability and postural control in those with high ADCL scores is motivated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces early human B‐cell proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Scheeren Ferenc A. , van Lent Anja U. , Nagasawa Maho , Weijer Kees , Spits Hergen , Legrand Nicolas , Blom Bianca 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine that binds the IL‐7‐receptor‐α chain and a unique TSLP receptor (TSLPR) chain. The role of TSLP in human B‐cell development has not been elucidated. We show that TSLPR transcripts are expressed most prominently in CD34+ cells from fetal liver and BM. In general, cell surface expression of TSLPR was low, except on a subset of multilineage‐commited progenitor cells. TSLP induced the tyrosine‐phosphorylation of STAT5 and the proliferation of multilineage‐commited progenitor cells, pro‐B cells and pre‐B cells. Compared with IL‐7, the levels of proliferation after stimulation of the B‐cell progenitors with TSLP were lower. Expression of the BCR on the cell surface of fetal cells was inversely correlated to TSLP or IL‐7 responsiveness. Pre‐B cells from fetal BM, but not fetal liver, were refractory to TSLP or IL‐7 stimulation. When employing an in vitro B‐cell differentiation culture system starting from CD34+CD38− multipotent HSC, IL‐7 induced a short wave of precursor cell expansion but did not result in long‐term survival of mature B cells. TSLP was capable of increasing the proportion and the absolute numbers of more mature human B cells. Overall, we provide evidence that TSLP supports human B‐cell differentiation from fetal hematopoietic progenitors.
The cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor R‐roscovitine down‐regulates Mcl‐1 to override pro‐inflammatory signalling and drive neutrophil apoptosis
Authors: Leitch Andrew E. , Riley Nicola A. , A. Sheldrake Tara , Festa Michela , Fox Sarah , Duffin Rodger , Haslett Christopher , Rossi Adriano G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSuccessful resolution of inflammation requires inflammatory cells such as neutrophils to undergo apoptosis prior to non‐inflammatory phagocytosis by professional phagocytes. Recently, cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (e.g. R‐roscovitine) have been shown to induce neutrophil apoptosis and enhance the resolution of inflammation. Interestingly, NF‐κB and MAPK pathways and key endogenous survival proteins (typified by Mcl‐1) are involved in the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis and, in cancer‐cell lines, have been implicated as possible targets of CDK inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that R‐roscovitine over‐rides TNF‐α and LPS‐induced survival (determined by morphological examination and binding of fluorescently labelled annexin‐V) of isolated peripheral blood neutrophils. This effect did not appear to be mediated via effects on early markers of neutrophil activation (e.g. surface marker expression, shape change, aggregation and superoxide anion generation), by direct inhibition of NF‐κB activation (assessed by cytoplasmic IκBα proteolysis and NF‐κB p65 subunit translocation) and ERK activation (determined by specific ERK phosphorylation) but due to down‐regulation (at protein and mRNA level) of the survival protein Mcl‐1 but not the pro‐apoptotic bcl‐2 homologue Bim. These findings suggest that key endogenous survival proteins may be the targets of CDK inhibitors and consequently may be of critical importance in the resolution of inflammation.
Co‐expression of TNFR2 and CD25 identifies more of the functional CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in human peripheral blood
Authors: Chen Xin , Subleski Jeffrey J. , Hamano Ryoko , Howard O. M. Zack , Wiltrout Robert H. , Oppenheim Joost J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPreviously, we found that co‐expression of CD25 and TNFR2 identified the most suppressive subset of mouse Treg. In this study, we report that human peripheral blood (PB) FOXP3+ cells present in CD25high, CD25low and even CD25– subsets of CD4+ cells expressed high levels of TNFR2. Consequently, TNFR2‐expressing CD4+CD25+ Treg included all of the FOXP3+ cells present in the CD4+CD25high subset as well as a substantial proportion of the FOXP3+ cells present in the CD4+CD25low subset. Flow cytometric analysis of PB identified five‐fold more Treg, determined by FOXP3 expression, in the CD4+CD25+TNFR2+ subset than in the CD4+CD25high subset. In addition, similar levels of FOXP3+ cells were identified in both the CD4+CD25+TNFR2+ and CD4+CD25+CD127low/− subsets. Furthermore, the CD4+CD25+TNFR2+ subset expressed high levels of CTLA‐4, CD45RO, CCR4 and low levels of CD45RA and CD127, a phenotype characteristic of Treg. Upon TCR stimulation, human PB CD4+CD25+TNFR2+ cells were anergic and markedly inhibited the proliferation and cytokine production of co‐cultured T‐responder cells. In contrast, CD4+CD25+TNFR2– and CD4+CD25–TNFR2+ T cells did not show inhibitory activity. As some non‐Treg express TNFR2, the combination of CD25 and TNFR2 must be used to identify a larger population of human Treg, a population that may prove to be of diagnostic and therapeutic benefit in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Access to a Novel Class of Tetracyclic 1,4‐Benzodiazepin‐5‐ones Starting from α‐Amino Acids by Pd‐Catalyzed Amination/1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition as the Key Steps
Authors: Basolo Luca , Beccalli Egle M. , Borsini Elena , Broggini Gianluigi , Khansaa Maisaa , Rigamonti Micol 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA convenient procedure for the preparation of the novel class of tetracyclic imidazo[2,1‐c]pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,4]benzodiazepine‐5,8‐diones is reported. The protocol uses cheap andeasily accessible α‐amino acids as chiral‐pool starting materials and leads to products in an enantiopure form. An intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed amination process to form the imidazole nucleus and an intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction to simultaneously achieve the pyrazole and 1,4‐diazepine rings are the key steps.
Oligoaryl Cruciform Structures as Model Compounds for Coordination‐Induced Single‐Molecule Switches (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 5/2010)
Authors: Grunder Sergio , Huber Roman , Wu Songmei , Schönenberger Christian , Calame Michel , Mayor Marcel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the fertile combination of synthetic chemistry and experimental physics, both permanently making central contributions to hot scientific topics in spite of being classical scientific disciplines with long‐standing traditions. The displayed scientist struggles with the synthesis of cruciform structures (displayed on the black board) for single‐molecule‐transport investigations in a mechanically controlled break junction setup (sketched in the inset at the upper right corner). More information on the design and synthesis of the cruciform structures, such as their immobilization experiments, is found in the article by M. Calame, M. Mayor et al. on p. 833 ff. Serafin Pazdera is greatly acknowledged for the cover artwork.
The influence of dunes on mixing in a migrating salt‐wedge: Fraser River estuary, Canada
Authors: Kostaschuk Ray , Best Jim , Villard Paul V. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDune bedforms and salt‐wedge intrusions are common features in many estuaries with sand beds, and yet little is known about the interactions between the two. Flow visualization with an echosounder and velocity measurements with an acoustic Doppler current profiler over areas of flat‐bed and sand dunes in the highly‐stratified Fraser River estuary, Canada, were used to examine the effect of dunes on interfacial mixing. As the salt‐wedge migrates upstream over the flat‐bed, mixing is restricted to the lower portion of the water column. However, as the salt‐wedge migrates into the dune field from the flat bed, there is a dramatic change in the flow, and large internal in‐phase waves develop over each of the larger dunes, with water from the salt‐wedge reaching the surface of the estuary. The friction Richardson number shows that bed friction is more important in interfacial mixing over the dunes than over the flat‐bed, and a plot of internal Froude Number versus obstacle (dune) height shows that the salt‐wedge flow over the dunes is mainly supercritical. Such bedforms can be expected to cause similar effects in interfacial mixing in other estuaries and sediment‐laden density currents, and may thus be influential in fluid mixing and sediment transport. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupling mechanisms in double sandbar systems. Part 1: patterns and physical explanation
Authors: Castelle Bruno , Ruessink B. G. , Bonneton Philippe , Marieu Vincent , Bruneau Nicolas , Price Timothy D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCrescentic sandbars and rip channels along wave‐dominated sandy beaches are relevant to understand localized beach and dune erosion during storms. In recent years, a paradigm shift from hydrodynamic template models to self‐organization mechanisms occurred to explain the formation of these rhythmic features. In double sandbar systems, both the inner‐ and outer‐bar rip channels and crescentic planshapes are now believed to be free instabilities of the nearshore system arising through self‐organization mechanisms alone. However, the occasional occurrence of one or two inner‐bar rip channels within one outer‐bar crescent suggests a forced, morphologically coupled origin. Here we use a nonlinear morphodynamic model to show that alongshore variability in outer‐bar depth, and the relative importance of wave breaking versus wave focussing by refraction across the outer bar, is crucial to the inner‐bar rip channel development. The coupling patterns simulated by our model are similar to those observed in the field. Morphological coupling requires a template in the morphology (outer‐bar geometry) which, through the positive feedback between flow, sediment transport and the evolving morphology (that is, self‐organization) enforces the development of coupling patterns. We therefore introduce a novel mechanism that blurs the distinction between self‐organization and template mechanisms. This mechanism may also be extended to explain the dynamics of other nearshore patterns, such as beach cusps. The impact of this novel mechanism on the alongshore variability of inner‐bar rip channels is investigated in the companion paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of rainfall generated by dripper‐type rainfall simulator using piezoelectric transducers and its impact on splash soil erosion
Authors: Abd Elbasit Mohamed A. M. , Yasuda Hiroshi , Salmi Atte , Anyoji Hisao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRainfall erosivity represents the primary driver for particle detachment in splash soil erosion. Several raindrop erosivity indices have been developed in order to quantify the potential of rainfall to cause soil erosion. Different types of rainfall simulators have been used to relate rainfall characteristics to soil detachment. However, rainfall produced by different rainfall simulators has different characteristics, specifically different relationships between rainfall intensity and rainfall erosivity. For this reason, the effect of rainfall characteristics produced by a dripper‐type rainfall simulator on splash soil erosion (Ds) has been investigated. The simulated rainfall kinetic energy (KE) and drop size distribution (DSD) were measured using piezoelectric transducers, modified from the Vaisala RAINCAP® rain sensor. The soil splash was evaluated under various simulated rainfall intensities ranging from 10 to 100 mm h−1 using the splash‐cup method. The simulated rainfall intensity (I) and kinetic energy relationship (I–KE) was found to be different from natural rainfall. The simulated rainfall intensity and splash soil erosion relationship (I–Ds) also followed this same trend. The I–KE relationship was found to follow the natural rainfall trend until the rainfall intensity reached 30 mm h−1 and above this limit the KE started to decrease. This emphasizes the importance of the I–KE relationship in determining the I‐Ds relationship, which can differ from one rainfall simulator to another. Ds was found to be highly correlated with KE (r = 0·85, P < 0·001), when data produced by the rainfall intensity ranged from 10 to 100 mm h−1. However, when the threshold rainfall intensity (30 mm h−1) was considered, the correlation coefficient further improved (r = 0·89, P = 0·001). Accordingly, to improve the soil splash estimation of simulated rainfall under various rainfall intensities the I–KE characterization relationship for rainfall simulators has to be taken into account. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupling mechanisms in double sandbar systems. Part 2: impact on alongshore variability of inner‐bar rip channels
Authors: Castelle Bruno , Ruessink B. G. , Bonneton Philippe , Marieu Vincent , Bruneau Nicolas , Price Timothy D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDouble sandbar systems are common morphological features along sandy, wave‐dominated, micro‐ to meso‐tidal coastlines. In the companion paper, we demonstrated how various alongshore inner‐bar rip‐channel patterns can develop through morphological coupling to an alongshore‐variable outer bar. The simulated coupling patterns are, however, scarcely observed in the field. Instead, inner‐bar rip channels more often possess remarkably smaller and more variable alongshore length scales, suggesting that coupling mechanisms do not play a substantial role in the overall double‐sandbar dynamics. Here we use a numerical model to show that the relative importance of self‐organization and morphological coupling changes in favour of the latter with an increase in waterdepth variability along the outer‐bar crest. Furthermore, we find that the typical alongshore variability in inner‐bar rip‐channel scale is indicative of a mixture of self‐organization and morphological coupling rather than self‐organization alone. Morphological coupling may thus be more important to understanding and predicting the evolution of inner‐bar rip channels than previously envisaged. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
High resolution, basin extent observations and implications for understanding river form and process
Authors: Fonstad Mark A. , Marcus W. Andrew 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFifty years of fluvial studies have posited a variety of conceptual frameworks for characterizing river forms and processes throughout entire basins, including hydraulic geometry, the river continuum concept, self‐organized criticality, and sediment links. This article uses basin‐extent, high resolution observations of fluvial forms in the Nueces River basin, Texas, and Yellowstone National Park to evaluate the ability of these frameworks to characterize system behavior across a multitude of scales. The Nueces data were collected with remote sensing methods and the Yellowstone data were collected through extensive field surveys. The data resolution, spatial extent, and quality of these data sets allow direct comparison between the two areas.The ‘hyperscale’ comparison supports using of each these frameworks at specific scales, but also indicates an irreducible amount of variation in both datasets across many different scales that is not captured by the conceptual frameworks. Moreover, the scales and locations where one framework, such as hydraulic geometry, works well are often not the same scales and locations where another framework, such as the river continuum concept, works well.Because the conceptual frameworks appear to operate at scales and locations distinct from one another, the measurement approaches necessary to observe them must also be at different scales and locations. For example, ‘seeing’ self‐organized criticality in a river system is difficult without an extensive survey through space, whereas the recognition of sediment links requires quite intense sampling in specific river regions. We suggest that these separations between measurement scales represent an incommensurability issue in river studies, making it very difficult to both communicate among and test between two or more competing theories. Making simultaneous hyperscale observations of the river is one approach to minimizing the theory‐ladeness of observation, as deviations from different predictions can be plotted at every scale. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uplink scheduling in LTE systems using distributed base stations
Authors: Yaacoub Elias , Dawy Zaher 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUplink scheduling in Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) systems with distributed base stations (DBSs) is considered. In the proposed model, users are connected to remote radio heads (RRHs) deployed throughout the cell and connected to a central base station. Centralised and distributed scheduling with a DBS are compared to centralised scheduling with a central base station. Monte Carlo simulation results show that LTE systems with DBSs achieve better throughput than systems with conventional base stations while allowing edge users better chances of accessing the resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traffic safety and vehicle choice: quantifying the effects of the ‘arms race’ on American roads
Authors: Li Shanjun 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYThe increasing share of light trucks in the USA has been characterized as an ‘arms race’ where individual purchases of light trucks for better self‐protection nevertheless worsen traffic safety for society. This paper investigates the interrelation between traffic safety and vehicle choice by quantifying the effects of the arms race on vehicle demand, producer performance, and traffic safety. The analysis suggests that the accident externality of a light truck amounts to $ 2444 during vehicle lifetime and that 12% of new light trucks sold in 2006 and 204 traffic fatalities could have been attributed to the arms race. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.