bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do renal health‐care professionals in Singapore think of advance care planning for patients with end‐stage renal disease?
Authors: YEE ALETHEA , SEOW YING YING , TAN SZE HUEY , GOH CYNTHIA , QU LIMIN , LEE GRACE 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  Previous studies have focused either on advance medical directives rather than advance care planning (ACP), or on patient's perspectives on ACP rather than those of the health‐care providers. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and experience of renal health‐care professionals in Singapore on ACP for patients with end‐stage renal failure.Methods:  A 41‐item questionnaire was distributed to physicians, nurses, medical social workers (MSW) and other allied health professionals working in renal units. The questionnaire had four sections: demographics of the respondents, knowledge of, attitudes to and experience with ACP.Results:  Of a total of 620 survey forms, 562 were returned, giving a response rate of 90.6%. Medical social workers and physicians had higher knowledge scores than the rest. Of doctors and MSW, 82.4% and 100%, respectively, considered ACP discussions as part of their role, but only 37.1% of nurses and 38.1% of other allied health‐care professionals thought likewise. Nurses appeared to be the least confident in conducting ACP discussions, and most fearful of upsetting patients and families. Medical social workers were the most confident. The main barriers for physicians appeared to be lack of time, concerns regarding family backlash and the perception that patients were not prepared to discuss ACP.Conclusion:  Training of renal health‐care professionals in ACP should aim to correct misunderstandings surrounding ACP, address potential barriers and impart communication skills. In particular, renal nurses will need encouragement to initiate discussions and be equipped with the skills to do so.
High‐intensity focused ultrasound as salvage therapy for patients with recurrent prostate cancer after external beam radiation, brachytherapy or proton therapy
Authors: Uchida Toyoaki , Shoji Sunao , Nakano Mayura , Hongo Satoko , Nitta Masahiro , Usui Yukio , Nagata Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Salvage HIFU is a promising treatment option for local recurrence after radiation therapy, with morbidity comparable with other forms of salvage treatment.This study showed a long‐term follow up of salvage HIFU in men with recurrence of localized prostate cancer following not only external beam radiation therapy but also brachytherapy or proton therapy.OBJECTIVETo investigate the use of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as a salvage therapy in patients with recurrence of localized prostate cancer after external beam radiation (EBRT), brachytherapy, or proton therapy.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients who had undergone salvage HIFU for biopsy‐proven prostate cancer after primary radiation therapy. Patient characteristics and oncological outcomes were assessed.RESULTSRecords of 22 patients with a median (range) follow‐up of 24 (5–80) months were reviewed. Patients were men with presumed organ‐confined disease who had been treated with salvage HIFU following recurrent disease after EBRT (fourteen patients), brachytherapy (five patients: four with high‐dose brachytherapy using In192; and one with low‐dose brachytherapy using Au98) or proton therapy (three patients). The median (range) age at salvage HIFU was 65 (52–80) years, with a median (range) prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level before radiation therapy of 14.3 (5.7–118) ng/mL and a median (range) PSA level of 4.0 (1.2–30.1) ng/mL before HIFU. The median (range) period to HIFU after radiation therapy was 36 (4–96) months. The biochemical disease‐free survival (bDFS) rate in all patients at 5 years was 52%. Rates of bDFS in low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups were 100%, 86%, and 14%, respectively. One of the twelve patients who received post‐HIFU prostate biopsy showed malignancy. Side effects included urethral stricture in four patients, grade I urinary incontinence in four patients, rectourethral fistula and epididymitis in one of each patient.CONCLUSIONSalvage HIFU is a promising treatment option for local recurrence after radiation therapy, with morbidity comparable with other forms of salvage treatment.
Management Innovation and Leadership: The Moderating Role of Organizational Size
Authors: Vaccaro Ignacio G. , Jansen Justin J. P. , Van Den Bosch Frans A. J. , Volberda Henk W. 
Published: September 2010

abstractRecent research on management innovation, i.e. new managerial processes, practices, or structures that change the nature of managerial work, suggests it can be an important source of competitive advantage. In this study, we focus on management innovation at the organization level and investigate the role of leadership behaviour as a key antecedent. Due to its prominent role within organizations, top management has the ability to greatly influence management innovation. In particular, we focus on leadership behaviour and examine transformational and transactional leadership. Additionally, as contextual variables like organizational size may influence the impact of leadership, we investigate its moderating role. Findings show that both leadership behaviours contribute to management innovation. Interestingly, our study indicates that smaller, less complex, organizations benefit more from transactional leadership in realizing management innovation. On the other hand, larger organizations need to draw on transformational leaders to compensate for their complexity and allow management innovation to flourish.
Adaptive Volumetric Shadow Maps
Authors: Salvi Marco , Vidimče Kiril , Lauritzen Andrew , Lefohn Aaron 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe introduce adaptive volumetric shadow maps (AVSM), a real‐time shadow algorithm that supports high‐quality shadowing from dynamic volumetric media such as hair and smoke. The key contribution of AVSM is the introduction of a streaming simplification algorithm that generates an accurate volumetric light attenuation function using a small fixed memory footprint. This compression strategy leads to high performance because the visibility data can remain in on‐chip memory during simplification and can be efficiently sampled during rendering. We demonstrate that AVSM compression closely approximates the ground‐truth correct solution and performs competitively to existing real‐time rendering techniques while providing higher quality volumetric shadows.
Multi‐Image Based Photon Tracing for Interactive Global Illumination of Dynamic Scenes
Authors: Yao Chunhui , Wang Bin , Chan Bin , Yong Junhai , Paul Jean‐Claude 
Published: September 2010

AbstractImage space photon mapping has the advantage of simple implementation on GPU without pre‐computation of complex acceleration structures. However, existing approaches use only a single image for tracing caustic photons, so they are limited to computing only a part of the global illumination effects for very simple scenes. In this paper we fully extend the image space approach by using multiple environment maps for photon mapping computation to achieve interactive global illumination of dynamic complex scenes. The two key problems due to the introduction of multiple images are 1) selecting the images to ensure adequate scene coverage; and 2) reliably computing ray‐geometry intersections with multiple images. We present effective solutions to these problems and show that, with multiple environment maps, the image‐space photon mapping approach can achieve interactive global illumination of dynamic complex scenes. The advantages of the method are demonstrated by comparison with other existing interactive global illumination methods.
Sparsely Precomputing The Light Transport Matrix for Real‐Time Rendering
Authors: Huang Fu‐Chung , Ramamoorthi Ravi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPrecomputation‐based methods have enabled real‐time rendering with natural illumination, all‐frequency shadows, and global illumination. However, a major bottleneck is the precomputation time, that can take hours to days. While the final real‐time data structures are typically heavily compressed with clustered principal component analysis and/or wavelets, a full light transport matrix still needs to be precomputed for a synthetic scene, often by exhaustive sampling and raytracing. This is expensive and makes rapid prototyping of new scenes prohibitive. In this paper, we show that the precomputation can be made much more efficient by adaptive and sparse sampling of light transport. We first select a small subset of “dense vertices”, where we sample the angular dimensions more completely (but still adaptively). The remaining “sparse vertices” require only a few angular samples, isolating features of the light transport. They can then be interpolated from nearby dense vertices using locally low rank approximations. We demonstrate sparse sampling and precomputation 5 × faster than previous methods.
Spectralization: Reconstructing spectra from sparse data
Authors: Rump Martin , Klein Reinhard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTraditional RGB reflectance and light data suffers from the problem of metamerism and is not suitable for rendering purposes where exact color reproduction under many different lighting conditions is needed. Nowadays many setups for cheap and fast acquisition of RGB or similar trichromatic datasets are available. In contrast to this, multi‐ or even hyper‐spectral measurements require costly hardware and have severe limitations in many cases. In this paper, we present an approach to combine efficiently captured RGB data with spectral data that can be captured with small additional effort for example by scanning a single line of an image using a spectral line‐scanner. Our algorithm can infer spectral reflectances and illumination from such sparse spectral and dense RGB data. Unlike other approaches, our method reaches acceptable perceptual errors with only three channels for the dense data and thus enables further use of highly efficient RGB capture systems. This way, we are able to provide an easier and cheaper way to capture spectral textures, BRDFs and environment maps for the use in spectral rendering systems.
A New Ward BRDF Model with Bounded Albedo
Authors: Geisler‐Moroder David , Dür Arne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDue to its realistic appearance, computational convenience, and efficient Monte Carlo sampling, Ward's anisotropic BRDF is widely used in computer graphics for modeling specular reflection. Incorporating the criticism that the Ward and the Ward‐Dür model do not meet energy balance at grazing angles, we propose a modified BRDF that is energy conserving and preserves Helmholtz reciprocity. The new BRDF is computationally cheap to evaluate, admits efficient importance sampling, and thus sustains the main benefits of the Ward model. We show that the proposed BRDF is better suited for fitting measured reflectance data of a linoleum floor used in a real‐world building than the Ward and the Ward‐Dür model.
Patch‐based Texture Interpolation
Authors: Ruiters Roland , Schnabel Ruwen , Klein Reinhard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel exemplar‐based technique for the interpolation between two textures that combines patch‐based and statistical approaches. Motivated by the notion of texture as a largely local phenomenon, we warp and blend small image neighborhoods prior to patch‐based texture synthesis. In addition, interpolating and enforcing characteristic image statistics faithfully handles high frequency detail. We are able to create both intermediate textures as well as continuous transitions. In contrast to previous techniques computing a global morphing transformation on the entire input exemplar images, our localized and patch‐based approach allows us to successfully interpolate between textures with considerable differences in feature topology for which no smooth global warping field exists.
Semi‐Stochastic Tilings for Example‐Based Texture Synthesis
Authors: Schlömer Thomas , Deussen Oliver 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigate semi‐stochastic tilings based on Wang or corner tiles for the real‐time synthesis of example‐based textures. In particular, we propose two new tiling approaches: (1) to replace stochastic tilings with pseudo‐random tilings based on the Halton low‐discrepancy sequence, and (2) to allow the controllable generation of tilings based on a user‐provided probability distribution. Our first method prevents local repetition of texture content as common with stochastic approaches and yields better results with smaller sets of utilized tiles. Our second method allows to directly influence the synthesis result which—in combination with an enhanced tile construction method that merges multiple source textures—extends synthesis tasks to globally‐varying textures. We show that both methods can be implemented very efficiently in connection with tile‐based texture mapping and also present a general rule that allows to significantly reduce resulting tile sets.
Visibility Editing For All‐Frequency Shadow Design
Authors: Obert Juraj , Pellacini Fabio , Pattanaik Sumanta 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present an approach for editing shadows in all‐frequency lighting environments. To support artistic control, we propose to decouple shadowing from lighting and focus on providing intuitive controls to edit the former. To accomplish this task, we precompute and store scene visibility information separately from lighting and BRDFs and allow artists to edit visibility directly, by providing operations to select shadows and edit their shape. To facilitate a wider range of editing operations, we generalize visibility from binary to three‐channel oating point quantities and introduce a novel shadow representation based on computation of visibility ratios between the original render and the edited one. We demonstrate our results for diffuse and glossy surfaces, still scenes and animations.
Testing for Balance Sheet Effects in Emerging Markets: A Non‐Crisis Setting*
Authors: Aysun Uluc 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe literature has established that emerging market economies are better insulated from large external shocks during a financial crisis when they adopt a flexible exchange rate regime. Looking at the strength of firms' balance sheets, this paper shows that the opposite holds true in non‐crisis periods. The reason is that balance sheets and thus spending decisions are less affected by external shocks under fixed regimes. This result is obtained through several theoretical and empirical methodologies that are useful for identifying balance sheet effects in a non‐crisis setting. Simulations reveal a larger (smaller) output response under flexible regimes when these effects are included (excluded). Although the transmission of foreign interest rate shocks to domestic interest rates is stronger under fixed regimes, it appears the limited effects on balance sheets generate a more muted output response.
Monetary Integration in East Asia: A Hierarchical Clustering Approach
Authors: Quah Chee‐Heong , Crowley Patrick M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCurrently, a number of the fastest growing economies in the world are located in East Asia. Given these countries' dominance in the region, any monetary integration scheme in Asia would likely have to include them. This paper attempts to assess the evolution of convergence among the East Asian countries according to optimum currency area theory operationalized using a hierarchical cluster analysis. The clustering exercise is done for periods before and after the Asian crisis of 1997–98. The results suggest a significant rise in the degree of regional symmetry after the Asian crisis.
Making the Most of Technology: Indian Women Migrants in Australia
Authors: Costa‐Pinto Selena 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTechnology has impacted on all aspects of living across the globe by introducing a “virtual” dimension into “real” lives. As internet sociologist Sherry Turkle asserts, “we will (sic) have both. The more important question is ‘How can we get the best of both?’” (Turkle, 1997: 238).For Indian women migrants in Melbourne, Australia, the technology at their fingertips includes the worldwide web that provides instant access to information and people. Also available are satellite dishes, cheap phone connections, and convenient travel routes that sustain contact with friends and relatives around the world. Undoubtedly, technology has introduced a contemporary update bringing together the “real” and the “virtual” in these women’s migration experiences.This paper draws on my study of the migration experiences of three groups of married women migrants from India now living in Melbourne. These are the Sikhs, the Tamils, and the Anglo‐Indians, who are Eurasians of primarily British and Indian ancestry born in India. Due to Australia’s immigration selection criteria, these women are typically middle‐class, English‐language educated, Western‐oriented, and comfortable with technology. Focussing on their narratives and using survey data, I will show that they are well‐positioned to take advantage of twenty‐first century technology, and investigate how they do this.In this paper and from my subject position as a member of the same cohort group, I will argue that making the best of their virtual connections is dependent on intervening issues of availability, ability and agency that affect users at both source and destination. Through technology, the “virtual” dimension can soothe or stir, cheer or challenge, affirm or agitate. Indeed it has transformed the contemporary migration experience, but only to the extent permitted by the intervening issues.
On the Anatomy of the Gephyrean Phascolosoma teres, n. sp.
Authors: HUTTTON W. K. 
Published: September 2010

Summary.–With the characters of the Group.PHASCOLOSOMA TERES, n. sp.Body 40 mm. long, introvert ca. 8 mm. Posterior portion stout, sharply demarcated, ellipsoidal, containing the coiled portion of the gut.Colour yellowish, merging to dirty bluish white over the posterior part.Skin smooth, iridescent, devoid of papillae, translucent posteriorly, beset with numberless glands. A simple wreath of 15 tentacles surrounds the mouth. Forward on the introvert 10 rows of backwardly directed, slightly curved, brownish hooks, .06‐.08 mm. long.Two eye‐spots. Alimentary canal free, without spindle‐muscle or mesenterial attachment save close to the anus. Spiral winding absent, but the tube much coiled in its middle portion. Hindgut very long. Two nephridia, the right the larger, one‐twentieth of the body‐length. Simple contractile vessel.Hab. Firth of Clyde. Dredged from 60 fathoms.
Hostility Reactions in Black‐headed Gulls
Authors: Huxley J. S. , Fisher James 
Published: September 2010

Summary..(1) To test the hostility reactions of Black‐headed Gulls (Larus r. ridibundus) the following were employed:–Stuffed mounts, one in summer and one in winter plumage; a dead bird in summer plumage, propped up; the same bird decapitated; and its isolated head.(2) Hostility reactions were immediately elicited by both the mounts, provided they were within a certain distance from a nest. This territorial radius averaged about 3‘ 6“, varied with the temperament of individual birds, and with the temporary state of one and the same bird. No hostility was shown by occupants of more distant nests, nor by any birds when the mount was set up on neutral ground away from the nesting area.(3) Hostility was also evinced towards the dead bird, but, presumably owing to its less natural pose, the reaction was less extreme.(4) In all these cases hostility was chiefly shown by pecking the back of the head. The feet were also used while flying over to attack the back, and occasionally other parts than the head were pecked. It is uncertain whether the head was less singled out for attack in the winter than in the summer plumage mount.(5) No attacks were made upon the decapitated dead bird, in spite of its causing obvious anxiety and preventing return of birds to the nest near which it was placed.(6) The isolated head, when set up on a skewer, was attacked, in this case being pecked on the beak as well as from behind. On one occasion when it fell into a nest with eggs, it was pecked lightly and then treated like an egg and brooded.(7) It is concluded that two factors compete in eliciting hostility:–(a) Resemblance in form and pose to a normal individual; (6) the dark‐brown head of the breeding bird. Either alone is operative, but with both together (summer plumage mount) the result is possibly more intensive, and probably more specific, the dark head acting as a directive for the attack.(8) Suggestions are made for further experiments to test and amplify these conclusions.
The Feeding of Salmon Parr in the Cheshire Dee
Authors: Carpenter Kathleen E. 
Published: September 2010

Summary.The food of salmon parr in the Dee and its tributaries has been studied for two years. Comparison of stomach‐contents with the results of field collections shows that the fishes are indiscriminately carnivorous, and that their diet varies strictly in accordance with the number and relative accessibility of species present in the rivers. The sub‐äerial element in the food is important, especially in autumn, when leaf‐eating tree‐parasites fall into the rivers as the leaves decay and are swallowed in considerable numbers. Encouragement of the growth of riparian trees and shrubs is thus desirable.There is a marked seasonal cycle in feeding, which accurately corresponds with the records of fluctuations in growth derived from scale‐readings. This seasonal cycle seems to be directly dependent upon the life‐histories of the various food‐organisms, which determine their availability to the fishes: in the opinion of the writer there is no evidence of loss of appetite at any season, but merely of variations in opportunity.
On the Habit of Brooding on the Perch in Birds
Authors: Huxley JULIAN S. 
Published: September 2010

Summary.(1) Details (with photographs) are given of the habit of brooding the young on the perch in the Pheasant Bheinardia ocellata and the Pigeon Chalcophaps indica.(2) This habit is best developed in nidifugous forest‐dwelling species where the young roost in branches from an early age, and where only two young are produced. The limitation of the number of young to two facilitates brooding on a linear support like a branch.(3) It appears to be a diagnostic character of the subfamily Argusianinse.(4) It may occur in other forms as well: (a) in nidifugous species with more than two young, such as Oallus, (b) in nidicolous types such as Pigeons (Chalcophaps).