bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oviposition‐stimulatory activity of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids of host‐plant origin to a danaid butterfly, Ideopsis similis
Authors: Honda Keiichi , &Ocirc;mura Hisashi , Hayashi Nanao , Abe Fumiko , Yamauchi Tatsuo 
Published: September 2010

SummaryOviposition response of Ideopsis similis (L.) (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) was examined for 12 phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids present in its host plant, Tylophora tanakae (Maxim.) (Asclepiadaceae). At least five alkaloids, i.e. (+)‐isotylocrebrine (3,4,6,7‐tetramethoxyphenanthroindolizidine; l), (+)‐3‐demethyliso‐ tylocrebrine (3), (+)‐isotylocrebrine N‐oxide (5), (+)‐6‐demethyltylocrebrine (8) and (–)‐7‐demethyltylophorine (10), were found to individually stimulate oviposition by females. Of these, compounds 1, 3 and 10 were regarded as key components most responsible for host recognition or preference. However, female egg‐laying was much higher in response to a mixture of the five alkaloids. In two‐choice bioassays, more eggs were deposited on samples comprising the five alkaloids than on samples consisting of a single alkaloid. This suggests strongly that host selection by the butterfly is mediated by the synergistic action of several phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids present in the host plant.
Quantification of cockroach allatostatin‐like peptide and its myotropic effects in males of the earwig Euborellia annulipes
Authors: Phitayakorn Roy , Bennett Gregory P. , Rankin Susan M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryA monoclonal antibody to allatostatin I of the cockroach Diploptera punctata was used to establish a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of allatostatin‐like peptides in the hindgut of the adult male earwig, Euborellia annulipes. Hindguts of 0‐day males contained significantly more allatostatin‐positive material than those of 8‐day males fed on catfood. However, males starved for the first 8 days of adult life had significantly higher levels of allatostatin‐positive material than those of either 0‐day or of 8‐day fed males.Hindguts from 0‐day old males exhibited lower spontaneous motility in vitro than those from 8‐day males. Hindguts from males at both ages responded to allostatin with reversible, dosage‐dependent decreases in hindgut motility, and responded to proctolin with reversible, dosage‐dependent increases in hindgut motility. When both allatostatin and proctolin were applied to hindgut preparations simultaneously and in equal concentrations, the response varied with the stage of the male. Starvation enhanced hindgut motility and abolished the response to allatostatin, but not to proctolin.These results indicate the presence of material similar to cockroach allatostatins in male earwigs, and that the levels change with age and physiological stage. Furthermore, such peptides may indeed be regulatory neuropeptides and could modulate hindgut contraction. There was an increase in sensitivity to exogenous allatostatin in the hindgut during development from day 0 to day 8 in feeding males, but a loss in sensitivity in response to starvation; sensitivity to exogenous proctolin also increased with age, but such responsiveness was not diminished by starvation.
Effect of host stimuli on ovariole development in the walnut fly, Rhagoletis juglandis (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Authors: Lachmann Anja D. , Papaj Daniel R. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryAlthough examples of non‐nutritive effects of host resources on ovarian development in insects are known, precise descriptions of effects on ovariole formation and development are rare. In this study, we provide a description with respect to the enhancement of egg production, or egg load, by surrogate fruit stimuli (yellow plastic spheres) in the walnut fly, Rhagoletis juglandis Cresson. A system for staging developing ovarioles was established, and cohorts of females held from emergence with or without surrogate fruit were sampled over time with respect to number of ovarioles as well as number and stage of follicles within ovarioles. As found previously, the presence of surrogate fruit strongly enhanced production of eggs in the first maturation cycle. The effect was probably not due to oosorption in the ovaries of females held without surrogates; in fact, oosorption was never observed in ovaries of females in either treatment. The effect was due in part to an increase in ovariole number in females held with surrogates; in each of two trials, mean ovariole number was slightly but significantly greater for females held with vs. without spheres. However, the main effect was also due in part to an earlier onset and increased rate of vitellogenesis in the first and second follicles of females held with spheres.
Social influence of larvae on ovarian maturation in primary and secondary reproductives of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis
Authors: Brent C. S. , Traniello J. F. A. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryWe tested the effect of larvae on the reproductive maturation and fecundity of female primary and secondary reproductives of the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis Hagen (Isoptera; Termopsidae) by varying the number of third‐ to fourth‐instar larvae nesting with heterosexually paired reproductives. Primary females had higher fecundities and oviposited sooner when nesting with larvae than females lacking larvae, but gained less body mass and had fewer functional ovarioles per ovary. Secondary reproductives nesting with larvae also had higher fecundities and oviposited sooner, but unlike primaries, they gained more body mass and had more functional ovarioles when larvae were present. The specific response of both primary and secondary females varied according to the number of larvae present. These results suggest that larvae can enhance the fecundity of primary and secondary females. Larvae may increase the energetic reserves of reproductives by performing colony labour, reducing pathogen load and providing trophallactic secretions. Trophallaxis with larvae may significantly enhance endogenous nitrogen, which is a limiting nutrient for termites.Primary females, which normally need to produce a first brood quickly to initiate a new colony, may expend limited nutritional resources on oogenesis rather than producing additional ovarioles. Primaries may also store fewer energetic reserves for long‐term brood care, and therefore gained less mass when larvae were present to attend to non‐reproductive tasks. Secondary females may exhibit a greater positive response to larvae than primaries because they begin reproductive life with fewer stored resources and thus their development and fecundity are more dependent on assistance from larvae. Both primary and secondary reproductives may become more dependent on the contributions of larvae as their rate of egg production increases with subsequent bouts of oviposition.
Shallow erosion beneath turbidity currents and its impact on the architectural development of turbidite sheet systems
Authors: EGGENHUISEN JORIS T. , McCAFFREY WILLIAM D. , HAUGHTON PETER D.W. , BUTLER ROBERT W.H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractErosion by turbidity currents changes the morphology of the sea floor. The relief of the scoured surface may affect the dynamics of the flow and thereby the pattern of deposition; this could, in turn, affect flow and deposition patterns in subsequent events. This study investigates shallow, centimetre to decimetre scale erosion beneath turbidite sheet sandstones of the Oligocene Macigno Formation of North‐west Italy, where erosion and deposition are variably coupled at the bed scale in a net‐aggradational setting. The research focus was on: (i) the recognition of scour edges and erosive surfaces; (ii) quantification of spatial differences in the amount of erosion; and (iii) an investigation of how this differential erosion can be compensated by the deposits directly overlying the erosional surfaces. Where they can be observed, scour edges commonly have sills of the overlying sandstone intruding beneath blocks and wings of the substrate that is being eroded. A consequence of this de‐laminating scouring style is that erosional surfaces are bedding parallel when followed away from the scour edges, giving the appearance of normal conformable bed bases. Despite their cryptic nature, such bedding‐parallel scour surfaces can be recognized by comparing serial detailed sedimentary logs (here, 16 bed‐parallel scour surfaces were identified in a succession comprising 95 beds). Different styles of compensation by the overlying turbidite beds are defined based on differential sedimentation inside and outside of the scour relief. It is found that differential erosion is on average under‐compensated by differential sedimentation. In some cases, the overlying deposits anti‐compensate, being thinner at the location where more erosion has occurred. Unequal spatial distribution of differential erosion in the study area combines with sedimentary under‐compensation to result in a trend of accumulating section thickness differences over multiple beds. In one ca 25 m thick package, the maximum cumulative change in lateral gradient during some 20 events reached 0·17°, before being reset by a single event. This process can be interpreted either as a lobe compensation effect, or as a scour enhancement effect, depending on the orientation of the palaeohorizontal datum. If allowed to proceed, the latter process could force the system past a channellization threshold, prompting a change from sheet to channelled architecture. This type of shallow substrate scouring and differential deposition is likely to be an important process in the build‐up of sheet turbidite sandstone units and could play a major role in autocyclic adjustment of local sea‐floor gradients.
Two new genera and species of Oriental Cicadellidae and remarks on the significance of the male genitalia in leafhopper classification (Honioptera: Cicadelloidea)
Authors: EVANS J. W. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISTwo new genera and species of Oriental Cicadellidae are described and tentatively assigned to the subfamily Coelidiinae. The significance of the male genitalia in the determination of subfamily relationships in leaf‐hoppers is discussed.
Some immature stages of the subgenus Chironomus (Meigen) (Diptera:Chironomidae) from Malawi, Central Africa
Authors: McLACHLAN A. J. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the diagnostic characters of the larvae and pupae of 10 of the 18 African species of the subgenus Chironomus Meigen from a wide range of habitats in southern Malawi.
Isotopic evidence for the origin of an acid sulphate alteration, Styrian basin, Austria
Authors: Bojar Ana‐Voica , Halas Stanislaw , Bojar Hans‐Peter , Szaran Janina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Gossendorf volcanic body is the only one in the Styrian basin that shows extensive hydrothermal alteration. K‐Ar dating of primary volcanic biotite and alteration products (alunite) suggests that the emplacement of the volcanic body and hydrothermal alteration took place synchronously, 15 Ma ago. The stable isotope compositions of the alteration products such as opal, barite, pyrite and alunite combined with crystallographia investigations indicate temperatures between 150 and 200 °C for the formation of the alteration zones. The calculated stable isotopic compositions of the parent fluid, responsible for the alteration, show an exogene marine component, which interacted with the host rock. Sulphur isotopic compositions of sulphur, sulphides and sulphates indicate disequilibrium, and progressive oxidation. This fact, combined with the mineral zonation of the alteration zone, reflects not only change in the pH but also change in the fO2 of the ascending fluids.
Anomalous rare earth element, yttrium and zirconium mobility associated with uranium mineralization
Authors: René Miloš 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe mobility of REE, Y and Zr during the Variscan uranium mineralization event in high‐grade metasediments of the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic has been investigated to understand their behaviour in alkaline hydrothermal alterations. The REE patterns together with high mobility of Y and Zr point to movement of REE, Y, Zr and U by highly mineralising, oxidising basinal fluids in the Permian. Their high mobility during the origin of an economically important uranium mineralization is supported by the occurrence of Y‐ and Zr‐rich coffinite.
RhD Antenatal Prophylaxis – The Pathology Laboratory Perspective
Authors: Davis Ken 
Published: September 2010

Stage 1 of routine antenatal RhD immunoglobulin prophylaxis was recommended in late 2002, for RhD negative women having their first child. This was as a result of a 1999 National Health Medical Research Council [NHMRC] recommendation as best practice to further reduce the incidence of HDN due to anti‐D. Revised guidelines were released in 2003 by the National Blood Authority with NHMRC endorsement. It is likely that stage 2 [for all pregnancies in RhD negative women] will be in place by early 2005. The introduction of antenatal prophylaxis has raised a number of issues for pathology laboratories:a) frequency of antenatal testing within this new programb) laboratory protocols where the presence of RhD immunoglobulin is confirmed or suspectedc) reporting formats in such circumstancesd) inventory and supply issues including product traceabilitye) testing of maternal and cord samples at delivery in women who have received antenatal prophylaxis The Australian & New Zealand Society of Blood Transfusion released revised antenatal testing guidelines in early 2004 to assist laboratories in dealing with some of these issues. Collaboration with ARCBS, CSL and RANZCOG has also resulted in useful information being made available covering other aspects of this new initiative. The presentation will explore some of the above issues leading to more general discussion during the symposium.
Purification of RBC Agglutinating Antibodies by Affinity Chromatography on Peptides Representing Specific Variant MNS Antigens
Authors: Flower Robert , Lin Marie 
Published: September 2010

Aim  Variant MNS (vMNS) phenotypes are characterised by the presence of multiple antigens that provoke complex antibody responses. The hypothesis tested was that red cell‐agglutinating antibodies of a single specificity could be purified by affinity chromatography on peptides representing vMNS antigens. The Vw and Hut/Mut antigens vary only at glycophorin residue 28, Vw methionine‐28, Hut and Mut lysine‐28. The Mur peptide TYPAHTANEV was aa 33 to 42 of GpMur. For each experiment a 5 ml pool of 4 and 10 sera that agglutinated Mi‐positive cells of known MNS‐peptide‐ELISA activity, was subjected to affinity chromatography on a single peptide.Result  For a serum pool that was strong peptide‐ELISA positive with the lysine‐28 peptide but was methionine‐28 peptide negative, the antibody eluate was lysine‐28 pos by ELISA and agglutinated all MUT and HUT pos cells tested but not Vw cells or Mi(a) negative cells. For the MUT antigen the hypothesis that a rbc‐agglutinating antibody of a defined specificity could be purified by affinity chromatography on a linear peptide representing the antigen was confirmed. In a similar fashion a specific anti‐Mur was prepared. However, for one serum pool the antibody eluted from the Mur‐column reacted with Hut (MiII) as well as Mur‐positive cells, suggesting that Mut.Mur was recognised as a single antigen.Conclusion  Purified monospecific polyclonal antibodies that define vMNS phenotypes may be useful in resolving difficult serological investigations. The complexity of responses to vMNS glycophorins is confirmed by the recovery of an antibody reacting with sequentially adjacent antigens as a single entity.
Fetal Loss Due to Anti‐Hro in a Lady Having Rare Genotype of Rh (D‐‐/D‐‐)
Authors: Vasantha K , Jadhav Seema , Kulkarni Swati , Mohanty Dipika 
Published: September 2010

Aim  A lady of 30 years was referred to our Institute for investigations who had an obstetric history of one living child, followed by one still birth and then a termination of pregnancy due to suspected fetal ascitis.Method  Blood grouping and Rh genotyping was done by us by standard serological procedures and patient’s serum was investigated for atypical antibodies by panel of cells. Fourteen family members were investigated for ABO grouping and Rh genotyping.Result  Patient’s blood group was identified as O Rh Positive showing a rare Rh genotype D‐‐ with presence of only D antigen and absence of C, c, E and e antigens. Confirmation of this was done by absorption of patient’s red cells with anti‐C, anti‐c, anti‐E and anti ‐e antisera and testing the eluate reactivity for presence of the respective antigens. Patient’s serum reacted with all panel red cells of the common Rh genotypes and the antibody is anti – Hro which is the most potent antibody a D‐‐ individual produces. Amongst the family members of the propositus, seven probable heterozygote D‐‐ individuals were identified by testing with incomplete anti ‐D by saline technique.Conclusion  The patient had a rare Rh genotype D‐‐/D‐‐ and had produced anti – Hro antibody due to fetomaternal leak during pregnancies and this must have been responsible for the fetal loss. No other family member exhibited this rare Rh genotype in homozygous form.
Audit of Nurses‐ Adherence to Pre‐transfusion Checking
Authors: Furmedge Janine , Surya Hans , Darlington Jane , Savoia Helen , Monagle Paul 
Published: September 2010

Background  Errors in blood product administration occur not infrequently and cause morbidity and mortality. Pre‐transfusion checking at the bedside is the final opportunity to detect errors and is thus a vital step in preventing wrong transfusions. Unfortunately, pre‐transfusion checking is the area where most common errors are documented. We developed a number of strategies to improve nurses’ adherence to pre‐transfusion checking guidelines.Method  Pre‐transfusion checking practices were audited by direct observation. Nurses in Haematology/Oncology unit and PICU were targeted because both units are major blood users in our hospital. Pre defined key measures of adherence to best practice recommendations were noted, including checking of the blood product, the recipient’s wristband and the compatibility report. An audit of practice was carried out before and after the introduction of a multifaceted educational intervention, comprised of information transfer (posters, in‐services, and hospital web‐based clinical practice guidelines), audit feedback, and the provision of pre‐transfusion checking reminders on the reverse side of the issued compatibility report.Result  There was significant improvement in the results for two aspects of pre‐transfusion checking following intervention. Checking of the blood unit for normal appearance (Haem/Onc Pre intervention 43%, Post 81% and PICU Pre 11%, Post 58%) and checking the patient’s identification wristband prior to administering a blood product. (Haem/Onc Pre 19%, Post 81% and PICU Pre 68%, Post 79%).Conclusion  Baseline compliance with pre transfusion checking was poor in a tertiary hospital. The introduction of a multifaceted educational intervention appears to be effective in improving nurses’ adherence to pre‐transfusion checking.
Platelet Transfusion – Back to Basics
Authors: Williamson Lorna M 
Published: September 2010

As in many aspects of transfusion medicine, practices have developed based on low levels of evidence. Let’s review some assumptions and think how these might change in future:‐(1) Indications. 80% of platelet transfusions are given prophylactically to patients with bone marrow failure, yet no trials have demonstrated the value of prophylaxis over treatment of bleeding alone.(2) Trigger. A trigger of 10 × 10 g/l is now accepted. Reducing this further will depend on accurate counting, challenging at this level.(3) Dose & frequency. The optimum dosing schedule has not been derived by pharmacokinetic studies, but by what can be conveniently manufactured. An adult dose of 3 × 1011 platelets is accepted, but there is wide variation in practice.(4) Manufacture. Globally, 3 methods (pooled buffy coats, platelet rich plasma and apheresis) all produce an efficacious product. Although apheresis platelets reduce donor exposure, no functional advantage has been demonstrated.(5) In vitro assessment of function. A battery of tests is recommended, but only pH has been shown to correlate with posttransfusion survival.(6) ABO matching. ABO compatible platelets give better increments, and transfusing ABO incompatible plasma can be associated with haemolysis, but ABO matching to patient is often compromised by stock management.(7) Use of platelet additive solution. A 70:30 mix of PAS:plasma would reduce reactions and perhaps TRALI but this is not standard practice. Is the plasma useful?(8) CMV safety. Overall, leucocyte depletion alone appears to provide a high degree of protection, but this is not universally accepted.(9) Assessment of response. 1 and 24 hr increments are standard, but is regression analysis the way forward?(10) Management of refractoriness. Better HLA and HPA matching is now technically possible. Should these lead to better HLA matching for all?(11) Is one product for all appropriate? 20% of platelets go to surgical patients who are bleeding. Do they need a product with a different specification?
Prothrombinex Use in Cardiac Surgery: Results of a 6 Month Audit
Authors: Campbell Philip , Stevenson Lisa , Corke Charlie , Plowman Anthony , Mohajeri Morteza 
Published: September 2010

Cardiac surgery continues to be associated with excessive perioperative bleeding due to poorly characterised haemostatic changes associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the trauma of major surgery. Blood component support varies between institutions and the recent introduction of recombinant VIIa promises to improve perioperative haemostasis, albeit at significant expense. Prothrombin complex concentrates (ProthrombinexTM‐HT(PTX), CSL Australia) are utilised increasingly to correct excessive oral anticoagulation and have a number of advantages over FFP including greater coagulation factor concentration (particularly IX), reduced product volume and viral inactivation. There is no data on the use of PCCs in cardiac surgery. During a 6 month period (February – August 2003), 203 patients underwent cardiac surgery at Barwon Health of whom 60 received PTX during the intra‐operative or post‐operative period (45 M, 15 F; Mean age 68.7 years). 28 (47%) patients underwent simple procedures (either valvular or graft surgery alone) while the remaining 32 (53%) patients had complex surgery (emergency cases, graft/valves, double valves, Bentall’s or redos). PTX was employed following the use of standard blood component support when there was evidence of persistent bleeding and abnormal laboratory coagulation studies. 20 patients intra‐operatively and 34 patients post‐op required no PTX. The mean dose of PTX administered intra‐operatively was 595 U (range 500–2000 U) and 240 U post‐operatively (range 500–1000). PTX use was associated with documented improvements in bleeding and coagulation studies; mean INRs and APTTs pre‐ & post‐ PTX 1.7 > 1.3 and 65 s > 52s respectively. 33 (55%) patients were evaluated at 3 months through their physicians for evidence of prothrombotic sequelae. 8 patients were noted to have had potential prothrombotic complications (4 myocardial ischaemia, 1 pulmonary embolus, 1 CVA and 2 thrombophlebitis).Conclusion  On the basis of this small study, PTX is a useful adjunct to standard blood component support in cardiac surgery and may defer the use of rVIIa in this setting.