bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensation information, self‐instruction and responses to dental surgery
Authors: Sime A. Marilyn , Libera Mary B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe interaction effects of presurgery anxiety and two intervention strategies upon adjustment during dental surgery were examined. Patients undergoing gingivectomy (N = 113) were randomly assigned to one of four information groups: sensation, self‐instruction, combined sensation and self‐instruction, or control; and separated according to level of trait and state anxiety. Results showed an interaction effect between the information conditions and state anxiety (p < .05). Compared with the control group, high state anxiety subjects reported less tension (p < .05) and distress (p < .05) after receiving sensation information; less tension (p < .005) after receiving self‐instruction information; and increased positive self‐statements (p < .05) with the combined information. Low‐state anxiety subjects showed negative treatment effects; sensation information alone (p < .001) or combined with self‐instruction (p < .01) reduced the number of reported positive self‐statements.
Effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety and health locus of control among hypertensive adults
Authors: Pender Nola J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on anxiety and perceptions of personal control over health status are evaluated in this study. After collection of baseline data, 22 hypertensive clients received relaxation training in a series of weekly group sessions followed by individual monitoring sessions over a 6‐week period. The 22 hypertensive clients in the control group received blood pressure monitoring, weight checks, and health counseling but were given no relaxation training during the study period. The group instructed in relaxation exhibited significantly lower anxiety than the control group at 4‐month followup. After training, the relaxation group also scored significantly higher than the control group on beliefs in personal control of health and lower in beliefs that chance or luck affected health outcomes. At followup, the groups did not differ significantly on perceived influence of powerful others over health status. Findings support the potential usefulness of relaxation training in modifying affective and cognitive characteristics of hypertensive clients.
Personal control interventions: Short‐ and long‐term effects on surgical patients
Authors: Johnson Jean E. , Christman Norma J. , Stitt Cathey 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA randomized 2 × 3 × 2 factorial design was used to evaluate the short‐ and long‐term effects of interventions that provided different means of exerting personal control over postoperative experiences in a sample of 121 black and 47 white hysterectomy patients. One variable was the presence or absence of the description of the experience in concrete sensory terms; the second variable was instruction in a cognitive‐coping strategy, instruction in a behavior‐coping strategy, or no instruction; and the third variable was experimental or control information about the posthospital experience. There was support for the coping processes that concrete sensory information was expected to stimulate, but no significant effects on resumption of usual life activities as was expected. The behavioral‐coping technique was associated with a reduction in pain medication. The cognitive‐coping technique was associated with reports of better physical recovery during hospitalization, but longer hospitalization. Posthospitalization recovery data, collected 2, 4, and 12 weeks after discharge, showed a different pattern of effects for the interventions than observed during hospitalization.
Self‐report and psychophysiological effects of lamaze preparation: An analogue of labor pain
Authors: Professor Elizabeth Geden , Beck Niels C. , Brouder Gerald , Glaister Judy , Pohlman Susan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEighty nulliparous college female undergraduates were cast randomly into a series of eight treatment conditions representing all possible combinations of the three major components of the Lamaze method of childbirth preparation (relaxation training, informative lectures, and breathing exercises). Assessments of the efficacy of these pain coping strategies were subsequently made in the context of a 1‐hour session involving twenty 80‐second exposures to a laboratory pain stimulus, patterned so as to resemble labor contractions. Dependent variables included self‐reported pain, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, frontalis EMG, and heart rate. Results of the study indicated that relaxation training comprises the most therapeutically active component of the Lamaze treatment regimen, with significant effects (treatments X trials) on self‐reported pain, frontalis EMG, and heart rate. The implications of these findings are discussed from the perspective of designing new, and hopefully more efficacious, methods of preparing women for labor and delivery.
Trends in public attitudes toward legal abortion, 1972–1978
Authors: Moldanado Swarnalatha A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTrends in public attitudes toward legal abortion were analyzed for 1972 and 1978. Data were drawn from seven independent probability samples (N = 10,652) of English‐speaking persons 18 years of age or older living in noninstitutional arrangements within the continental United States. Attitudes were derived from responses to six items asking whether it should be possible for a pregnant woman to obtain a legal abortion under six different conditions. Guttman Scalogram Analysis revealed two predominant patterns; approval for all six reasons and approval only for the hard reasons (safeguarding the woman's health, preventing birth of a deformed child, or treating rape). Two major shifts were noted in the level of approval; a considerable increase in 1973 for each reason and a sharp decline in 1978 for all but woman's health and rape. These shifts paralleled the introduction of laws pertaining to abortion.
Recalled life expectancy information, phase of illness and hope in cancer patients
Authors: Stoner Martha Holt , Keampfer Suzanne Hearne 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study two research questions were addressed: What is the relationship between recalled life expectancy information and hope in cancer patients? What effect does phase of illness have on the level of hope in cancer patients? A scale to measure hope was developed, used, and evaluated. In 55 cancer patients, an analysis of variance showed a significant main effect on hope for recalled life expectancy; difference in level of hope was found in cancer patients at different phases of illness. The findings indicated that individuals having no recollection of receiving information regarding their prognosis were more hopeful. The results have implications for determining what, how much, when, and how to communicate life expectancy information to patients who have cancer or other life‐threatening illnesses.
Effect of exercise on morning stiffness and mobility in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Byers Patricia H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe effects of evening exercises on arthrographic measures of elastic stiffness, subjective ratings of stiffness, and graphic goniometric measures of mobility were examined in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Measures were obtained on 2 consecutive mornings, one of which was randomly determined to be preceded by evening exercise. Each morning, elastic stiffness and mobility were measured before and after morning exercise. After the final measurements of elastic stiffness and mobility on the second day, patients compared stiffness on the 2 days. Elastic stiffness and subjective ratings of stiffness were less and mobility was greater when evening exercises were performed (p < .001). The relationships between elastic stiffness and subjective ratings of stiffness indicated that the effect of evening exercise was perceived as greater when elastic stiffness was greater, and 21 patients reported less stiffness with evening exercise (p < .05).
Inverse optimal neural control of a class of nonlinear systems with constrained inputs for trajectory tracking
Authors: Ricalde Luis J. , Sanchez Edgar N. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThis paper focusses on recurrent adaptive neural control applied to unknown nonlinear systems with input constraints. A recurrent high‐order neural network is used in order to identify the unknown system and a learning law is obtained using the Lyapunov methodology. Then a control law, which stabilizes the reference tracking error dynamics, is developed using the inverse optimal control approach. Tracking error stability is established as a function of design parameters. Chaotic systems are considered to demonstrate the applicability of the approach, via simulations, as for their stabilization and synchronization. The obtained simulation results illustrates the proposed approach capabilities for trajectory tracking of unknown nonlinear systems, whose inputs are constrained. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grafting of hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) onto waste tire rubber powder and its potential application as the curing agent for epoxy resin
Authors: Fan Ping , Lu Canhui 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo realize the high‐valued application of waste tire rubber (WTR), hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) were synthesized from the surface of WTR powders to endow its chemical reactivity. The hyperbranched PAMAM‐grafted WTR powders containing a large amount of amine groups on their surface were obtained through “divergent procedure.” First, methyl methacrylate‐grafted WTR powders (MMA‐g‐WTR) were prepared by ozone‐induced grafting polymerization. Afterwards, Michael reaction and subsequent amidation reactions were carried out repetitively to obtain hyperbranched PAMAM chains grafted from the surface of the MMA‐g‐WTR powders. The resulting hyperbranched PAMAM‐grafted WTR powders exhibit good dispersibility in water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate the successful grafting of hyperbranched PAMAM on WTR surface. The hyperbranched PAMAM‐grafted WTR powder could be utilize as curing agent and potential toughener for epoxy resin due to abundant amine groups and elastomeric feature of WTR. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that the hyperbranched PAMAM‐grafted WTR powders can be used as effective curing agent for epoxy resin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hollow microspheres with covalent‐bonded colloidal and polymeric shell by Pickering emulsion polymerization
Authors: Yin Dezhong , Zhang Qiuyu , Yin Changjie , Zhao Xingbo , Zhang Hepeng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHollow microspheres with SiO2/polymer binary shell were fabricated from Pickering emulsion stabilized solely by methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane‐modified SiO2 particles, and were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The microspheres were templated by the Pickering droplets and the inner structure was affect by the proportion of crosslinking reagent. TGA result indicated that 60.3% of polymer in the shell was connected with SiO2 by covalent bond which was formed by copolymerization of styrene and the reactive CC group on SiO2 stabilizer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional copolymer/organo‐MMT nanoarchitectures. VII. Interlamellar controlled/living radical copolymerization of maleic anhydride with butyl methacrylate via preintercalated RAFT agent–organoclay complexes
Authors: Rzayev Zakir M.O. , Söylemez Ernur A. , Davarcioğlu Burhan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe have developed a new approach for the synthesis of polymer nanocomposites using a bifunctional reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, two types of organo‐montmorillonites (O‐MMT), such as a non‐reactive dimethyldidodecyl ammonium (DMDA)‐MMT and a reactive octadecyl amine (ODA)‐MMT organoclays, maleic anhydride (MA), and n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) monomers and a radical initiator. This method includes the following stages: (1) synthesis of RAFT intercalated O‐MMTs by a physical or chemical interaction of the RAFT agent having two pendant carboxylic groups [S,S′‐bis(α,α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐acetic acid) trithiocarbonate] with surface alkyl amines of O‐MMT containing tertiary ammonium cation or primary amine groups through strong H‐bonding and compexing/amidization reactions, respectively, and (2) utilization of these well dispersed and intercalated RAFT…O‐MMT complexes and amide derivative of RAFT…ODA‐MMT as new modified RAFT agents in radical‐initiated interlamellar controlled/living complex‐radical copolymerization of MA‐BMA monomer pair. Nanostructure and compositions of the synthesized RAFT…O‐MMT complexes and functional copolymer/O‐MMT hybrids were confirmed by FTIR, GPC, XRD, thermal (DSC‐TGA), SEM, and TEM morphology analyses. This simple and versatile method can be applied to a wide range of monomer/comonomer systems for the preparation of completely exfoliated macromolecular nanoarchitectures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melt‐compounded nanocomposites of titanium dioxide atomic‐layer‐deposition‐coated polyamide and polystyrene powders
Authors: Nevalainen Katja , Isomäki Nora , Honkanen Mari , Suihkonen Reija , McNally Tony , Harkin‐Jones Eileen , Syrjälä Seppo , Vuorinen Jyrki , Järvelä Pentti 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolyamide and polystyrene particles were coated with titanium dioxide films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and then melt‐compounded to form polymer nanocomposites. The rheological properties of the ALD‐created nanocomposite materials were characterized with a melt flow indexer, a melt flow spiral mould, and a rotational rheometer. The results suggest that the melt flow properties of polyamide nanocomposites were markedly better than those of pure polyamide and polystyrene nanocomposites. Such behavior was shown to originate in an uncontrollable decrease in the polyamide molecular weight, likely affected by a high thin‐film impurity content, as shown in gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy‐dispersive spectrometer. Transmission electron microscope image showed that a thin film grew on both studied polymer particles, and that subsequent melt‐compounding was successful, producing well dispersed ribbon‐like titanium dioxide with the titanium dioxide filler content ranging from 0.06 to 1.12 wt%. Even though we used nanofillers with a high aspect ratio, they had only a minor effect on the tensile and flexural properties of the polystyrene nanocomposites. The mechanical behavior of polyamide nanocomposites was more complex because of the molecular weight degradation. Our approach here to form polymeric nanocomposites is one way to tailor ceramic nanofillers and form homogenous polymer nanocomposites with minimal work‐related risks in handling powder form nanofillers. However, further research is needed to gauge the commercial potential of ALD‐created nanocomposite materials. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of two novel silicon‐containing cycloaliphatic epoxy resins for electronic packaging application
Authors: Liu Wanshuang , Wang Zhonggang , Chen Zhuo , Li Jianfeng , Zhao Linni 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper, two silicon‐containing cycloaliphatic olefins were synthesized through the nucleophilic substitution reactions of cyclohex‐3‐enyl‐1‐methanol with di‐ or tri‐chlorosilane compounds. Then, after epoxidation, two new cycloaliphatic epoxy resins with different epoxy groups were successfully prepared. Their chemical structures were confirmed by 29Si NMR, 1H NMR, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The properties of cured products, including viscoelasticity, glass transition temperature (Tg), coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal stability and water absorption, were investigated. Compared to the difunctional epoxy resin, the trifunctional one exhibited a remarkably increased cross‐linking density from 0.82 to 4.08 × 10−3 mol/cm3 and Tg from 157 to 228°C. More importantly, prior to curing, they had viscosities of only 240–290 mPa sec at 25°C, which were much lower than that of ERL‐4221 (409 mPa sec), providing the possibility of easy processing. The high glass transition temperatures, good thermal stabilities, and mechanical properties as well as excellent flowability endow the silicon‐containing epoxy resins with promising potential in microelectronic packaging application. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
193‐nm photodissociation of singly and multiply charged peptide anions for acidic proteome characterization
Authors: Madsen James A. , Kaoud Tamer S. , Dalby Kevin N. , Brodbelt Jennifer S. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract193‐nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) was implemented to sequence singly and multiply charged peptide anions. Upon dissociation by this method, a‐/x‐type, followed by d and w side‐chain loss ions, were the most prolific and abundant sequence ions, often yielding 100% sequence coverage. The dissociation behavior of singly and multiply charged anions was significantly different with higher charged precursors yielding more sequence ions; however, all charge states investigated (1− through 3−) produced rich diagnostic information. UVPD at 193 nm was also shown to successfully differentiate and pinpoint labile phosphorylation modifications. The sequence ions were produced with high abundances, requiring limited averaging for satisfactory spectral quality. The intact, charge‐reduced radical products generated by UV photoexcitation were also subjected to collision‐induced dissociation (termed, activated‐electron photodetachment dissociation (a‐EPD)), but UVPD alone yielded more predictable and higher abundance sequence ions. With the use of a basic (pH∼11.5), piperidine‐modified mobile phase, LC‐MS/UVPD was implemented and resulted in the successful analysis of mitogen‐activated pathway kinases (MAPKs) using ultrafast activation times (5 ns).
Optical properties and size/shape dependence of α‐Sn nanocrystals by tight binding
Authors: Jensen Rasmus Vincentz S. , Garm Pedersen Thomas , Pedersen Kjeld 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe semiconducting diamond structure of c‐Sn may be stabilized by embedding nanocrystals in a suitable host. Based on a very accurate tight binding parametrization we calculate electronic and optical properties of round, as well as faceted nanocrystals, under both no, tensile and compressive strain. Nanocrystals with radii up to 2.6 nm are treated and are found to cover an energy range starting at near‐zero band gap energy, with both size and also strain playing a significant role in determining the electronic properties. The HOMO‐LUMO optical transition is found to be strong even for larger crystals, making them an attractive candidate in many potential NIR applications. Furthermore, exciton effects are estimated for bulk and nanocrystals and are found to be weak (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optically active substoichiometric Si3N4 μ‐cavities
Authors: Ferrarese Lupi Federico , Navarro‐Urrios Daniel , Monserrat Josep , Dominguez Carlos , Pellegrino Paolo , Garrido Blas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe report on the morphological and emission properties of microdisk resonators with an optically active disk material made of luminescent substoichiometric Si3N4 matrix. We demonstrate the importance of optimising the material by finding a compromise between the photoluminesce properties and optical losses. A careful design of the cavities for optimising the radiative quality factors has been also performed, enabling us to produce active disks with low intrinsic losses. Subnanometer whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances have been experimentally detected, showing quality factors as high as 1200 around the wavelength of 719 nm. These values are among the highest previously reported values in Si‐nanocluster‐based systems and are actually limited by the spectral resolution of our experimental setup. In addition, an increasing of the pumping flux is not generating a spectral widening of the resonances, thus not affecting the quality of the cavities. This is in contrast to what observed in other reports of Si‐nc based microcavities, where significant enlargements are observed associated to carrier absorption losses. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties of silicon rich oxides
Authors: Summonte C. , Centurioni E. , Canino M. , Allegrezza M. , Desalvo A. , Terrasi A. , Mirabella S. , Di Marco S. , Di Stefano M.A. , Miritello M. , Lo Savio R. , Simone F. , Agosta R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThermally treated silicon rich oxides (SRO) used as starting material for the fabrication of silicon nanodots represent the basis of tunable bandgap nanostructured materials for optoelectronic and photonic applications. The optical modelization of such materials is of great interest, as it allows the simulation of reflectance and transmittance (R&T) spectra, which is a powerful non destructive tool in the determination of phase modifications (clustering, precipitation of new phases, crystallization) upon thermal treatments. In this paper, we study the optical properties of a variety of as‐deposited and furnace annealed SRO materials. The different phases are treated by means of the effective medium approximation. Upon annealing at low temperature, R&T spectra show the precipitation of amorphous silicon nanoparticles, while the crystallization occurring at temperatures higher than 1000 °C is also clearly identified, in agreement with structural results. The existing literature on the optical properties of the silicon nanocrystals is reviewed, with attention on the specificity of the compositional and structural characteristics of the involved material. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton Mott transition in Si studied by terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Shimano Ryo , Suzuki Takeshi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe have investigated the exciton Mott transition in a bulk Si by optical pump and terahertz probe spectroscopy under quasi‐thermal equilibrium condition. The 1s‐2p transition energy of excitons in Si that locates around 12 meV (∼3 THz) is directly probed by the broadband terahertz pulses. The resonance energy of the 1s‐2p transition stays unchanged with increasing the photo‐excited electron‐hole (e‐h) pair density. The resonance structure sustains even above the Mott density, although broadened, in contrast to the conventional picture of the exciton Mott transition where the exciton binding energy vanishes toward the Mott density. The results indicate the existence of excitonic correlation in the metallic electron‐hole plasma phase (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)