bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microselection – affinity selecting antibodies against a single rare cell in a heterogeneous population
Authors: Sørensen Morten Dræby , Agerholm Inge Errebo , Christensen Britta , Kølvraa Steen , Kristensen Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRare cells not normally present in the peripheral bloodstream, such as circulating tumour cells, have potential applications for development of non‐invasive methods for diagnostics or follow up. Obtaining these cells however require some means of discrimination, achievable by cell type specific antibodies. Here we have generated a microselection method allowing antibody selection, by phage display, targeting a single cell in a heterogeneous population. One K562 cell (female origin) was positioned on glass slide among millions of lymphocytes from male donor, identifying the K562 cell by FISH (XX). Several single cell selections were performed on such individual slides. The phage particles bound to the target cell is protected by a minute disc, while inactivating all remaining phage by UV‐irradiation; leaving only the phage bound to the target cell viable. We hereby retrieved up to eight antibodies per single cell selection, including three highly K562 cell type specific.
Validity of a new food frequency questionnaire for pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
Authors: Brantsæter Anne Lise , Haugen Margaretha , Alexander Jan , Meltzer Helle Margrete 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine the relative validity of foods and nutrients calculated by a new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Reference measures were a 4‐day weighed food diary (FD), a motion sensor for measuring total energy expenditure, one 24‐h urine collection for analysis of nitrogen and iodine excretion, and a venous blood specimen for analysis of plasma 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D and serum folate. A total of 119 women participated in the validation study, and 112 completed the motion sensor registration. Overall, the level of agreement between the FFQ and the FD was satisfactory, and significant correlations were found for all major food groups and for all nutrients except vitamin E. The average correlation coefficient between the FFQ and the FD for daily intake was 0.48 for foods and 0.36 for nutrients, and on average, 68% of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quintiles by the two methods. Estimated total energy expenditure indicated that under‐reporting of energy intake was more extensive with the FD than with the FFQ. The biological markers confirmed that the FFQ was able to distinguish between high and low intakes of nutrients, as measured by vitamin D, folate, protein and iodine. This validation study indicates that the MoBa FFQ produces reasonable valid intake estimates and is a valid tool to rank pregnant women according to low and high intakes of energy, nutrients and foods.
Ghanaian Cocoa Bean Fermentation Characterized by Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Methods and Chemometrics
Authors: Aculey Patrick C. , Snitkjaer Pia , Owusu Margaret , Bassompiere Marc , Takrama Jemmy , Nørgaard Lars , Petersen Mikael A. , Nielsen Dennis S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Export of cocoa beans is of great economic importance in Ghana and several other tropical countries. Raw cocoa has an astringent, unpleasant taste, and flavor, and has to be fermented, dried, and roasted to obtain the characteristic cocoa flavor and taste. In an attempt to obtain a deeper understanding of the changes in the cocoa beans during fermentation and investigate the possibility of future development of objective methods for assessing the degree of fermentation, a novel combination of methods including cut test, colorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, NIR spectroscopy, and GC‐MS evaluated by chemometric methods was used to examine cocoa beans sampled at different durations of fermentation and samples representing fully fermented and dried beans from all cocoa growing regions of Ghana. Using colorimetry it was found that samples moved towards higher a* and b* values as fermentation progressed. Furthermore, the degree of fermentation could, in general, be well described by the spectroscopic methods used. In addition, it was possible to link analysis of volatile compounds with predictions of fermentation time. Fermented and dried cocoa beans from the Volta and the Western regions clustered separately in the score plots based on colorimetric, fluorescence, NIR, and GC‐MS indicating regional differences in the composition of Ghanaian cocoa beans. The study demonstrates the potential of colorimetry and spectroscopic methods as valuable tools for determining the fermentation degree of cocoa beans. Using GC‐MS it was possible to demonstrate the formation of several important aroma compounds such 2‐phenylethyl acetate, propionic acid, and acetoin and the breakdown of others like diacetyl during fermentation.Practical Application:  The present study demonstrates the potential of using colorimetry and spectroscopic methods as objective methods for determining cocoa bean quality along the processing chain. Development of objective methods for determining cocoa bean quality will be of great importance for quality insurance within the fields of cocoa processing and raw material control in chocolate producing companies.
Germination Conditions Affect Selected Quality of Composite Wheat‐Germinated Brown Rice Flour and Bread Formulations
Authors: Charoenthaikij Phantipha , Jangchud Kamolwan , Jangchud Anuvat , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Tungtrakul Patcharee 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Brown rice has been reported to be more nutritious after germination. Germinated brown rice flours (GBRFs) from different steeping conditions (in distilled water [DI, pH 6.8] or in a buffer solution [pH 3] for either 24 or 48 h at 35 °C) were evaluated in this study. GBRF obtained from brown rice steeped at pH 3 for 48 h contained the highest amount of free gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA; 67 mg/100 g flour). The composite flour (wheat‐GBRF) at a ratio of 70 : 30 exhibited significantly lower peak viscosity (PV) (56.99 – 132.45 RVU) with higher alpha‐amylase activity (SN = 696 – 1826) compared with those of wheat flour (control) (PV = 136.46 RVU and SN = 1976). Bread formulations, containing 30% GBRF, had lower loaf volume and greater hardness (P < 0.05) than the wheat bread. However, the hardness of bread containing 30% GBRF (except at pH 6.8 and 24 h) was significantly lower than that of bread containing 30% nongerminated brown rice flour (BRF). Acceptability scores for aroma, taste, and flavor of breads prepared with or without GBRFs (30% substitution) were not significantly different, with the mean score ranging from 6.1 (like slightly) to 7 (like moderately). Among the bread formulations containing GBRF, the one with GBRF prepared after 24 h steeping at pH 3 had a slightly higher (though not significant) overall liking score (6.8). This study demonstrated that it is feasible to substitute wheat flour with up to 30% GBRF in bread formulation without negatively affecting sensory acceptance.Practical Application:  Our previous study revealed that flours from germinated brown rice have better nutritional properties, particularly gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), than the nongerminated one. This study demonstrated feasibility of incorporating up to 30% germinated brown rice flour in a wheat bread formulation without negatively affecting sensory acceptance. In the current United States market, this type of bread may be sold as frozen bread which would have a longer shelf life. Further study is thus needed.
Constructing representations of Hecke algebras for complex reflection groups
Authors: Malle Gunter , Michel Jean 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigate the representations and the structure of Hecke algebras associated to certain finite complex reflection groups. We first describe computational methods for the construction of irreducible representations of these algebras, including a generalization of the concept of aW-graph to the situation of complex reflection groups. We then use these techniques to find models for all irreducible representations in the case of complex reflection groups of dimension at most three. Using these models we are able to verify some important conjectures on the structure of Hecke algebras.
Outbreak of Neonatal Gastroenteritis Associated with Astrovirus Serotype 1 at a Hospital in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Li Chun-ying , Liu Na , Guo Wei-dong , Yu Qiong , Wang Wen-rui , Song Zhuang-Zhi , Yan Hai , Luo Yun , Lu Ai-tao , Li Hui-Ying , Zhu Lin , Duan Zhao-jun 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis report describes for the first time an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among neonates associated with human astrovirus (HAstV) serotype 1b at a maternity hospital in Inner Mongolia, China. Of 40 specimens, 28 were astrovirus positive and rotavirus, calicivirus, and adenovirus negative. Poor hygiene likely contributed to the spread and persistence of HAstV in the neonatal care room.
Cholera Toxin Production by the El Tor Variant ofVibrio choleraeO1 Compared to Prototype El Tor and Classical Biotypes
Authors: Ghosh-Banerjee J. , Senoh M. , Takahashi T. , Hamabata T. , Barman S. , Koley H. , Mukhopadhyay A. K. , Ramamurthy T. , Chatterjee S. , Asakura M. , Yamasaki S. , Nair G. B. , Takeda Y. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTVibrio choleraeO1 El Tor variant strains produced much more cholera toxin than did prototype El Tor strains. The amount of cholera toxin produced by El Tor variant strains bothin vitroandin vivowas more or less equivalent to that produced by classical strains.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Impairs IRF-7 Translocation and Alpha Interferon Synthesis in Immortalized Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Raychoudhuri Amit , Shrivastava Shubham , Steele Robert , Dash Srikanta , Kanda Tatsuo , Ray Ranjit , Ray Ratna B. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes chronic infection in a significant number of infected humans, although the mechanisms for chronicity remain largely unknown. We have previously shown that HCV infection in immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) induces beta interferon (IFN-β) expression (T. Kanda, R. Steele, R. Ray, and R. B. Ray, J. Virol.
81:
12375-12381, 2007). However, the regulation of the downstream signaling pathway for IFN-α production by HCV is not clearly understood. In this study, the regulation of the IFN signaling pathway following HCV genotype 1a (clone H77) or genotype 2a (clone JFH1) infection of IHH was examined. HCV infection upregulated expression of total STAT1 but failed to induce phosphorylation and efficient nuclear translocation. Subsequent study revealed that HCV infection induces IFN-stimulated response element activation, as evidenced by upregulation of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1. However, nuclear translocation of IRF-7 was impaired following HCV infection. In HCV-infected IHH, IFN-α expression initially increased (up to 24 h) and then decreased at later time points, and IFN-α-inducible protein 27 was not induced. Interestingly, HCV infection blocked IRF-7 nuclear translocation upon poly(I-C) or IFN-α treatment of IHH. Together, our data suggest that HCV infection enhances STAT1 expression but impairs nuclear translocation of IRF-7 and its downstream molecules. These impairments in the IFN-α signaling pathway may, in part, be responsible for establishment of chronic HCV infection.
Widespread Horizontal Gene Transfer from Double-Stranded RNA Viruses to Eukaryotic Nuclear Genomes
Authors: Liu Huiquan , Fu Yanping , Jiang Daohong , Li Guoqing , Xie Jiatao , Cheng Jiasen , Peng Youliang , Ghabrial Said A. , Yi Xianhong 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Horizontal gene transfer commonly occurs from cells to viruses but rarely occurs from viruses to their host cells, with the exception of retroviruses and some DNA viruses. However, extensive sequence similarity searches in public genome databases for various organisms showed that the capsid protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes from totiviruses and partitiviruses have widespread homologs in the nuclear genomes of eukaryotic organisms, including plants, arthropods, fungi, nematodes, and protozoa. PCR amplification and sequencing as well as comparative evidence of junction coverage between virus and host sequences support the conclusion that these viral homologs are real and occur in eukaryotic genomes. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis suggest that these genes were likely transferred horizontally from viruses to eukaryotic genomes. Furthermore, we present evidence showing that some of the transferred genes are conserved and expressed in eukaryotic organisms and suggesting that these viral genes are also functional in the recipient genomes. Our findings imply that horizontal transfer of double-stranded RNA viral genes is widespread among eukaryotes and may give rise to functionally important new genes, thus entailing that RNA viruses may play significant roles in the evolution of eukaryotes.
Bioinformatic Analysis of the Genome of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Associated with Outbreaks with High Mortality in Chile
Authors: Cottet L. , Cortez-San Martin M. , Tello M. , Olivares E. , Rivas-Aravena A. , Vallejos E. , Sandino A. M. , Spencer E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), an orthomyxovirus, is the major cause of outbreaks of high mortality rates in salmon in Chile. It has been proposed that the virulence of ISAV isolates lies mainly in hemagglutinin-esterase and fusion glycoproteins. However, based on current information, the contribution of other viral genes cannot be ruled out. To study this, we isolated and determined the complete coding sequence of two high-prevalence Chilean isolates associated with outbreaks of high mortality rates: ISAV752_09 and ISAV901_09. These isolates were compared to 15 Norwegian isolates that exhibit differences in their virulence. For this purpose, we performed bioinformatic analyses of (i) functional domains, (ii) specific mutations, (iii) Bayesian phylogenetics, and (iv) structural comparisons between ISAV and influenza virus glycoproteins by using molecular modeling. Phylogenetic analysis shows two genogroups for each protein, one of them containing the Chilean isolates. The gene sequence of the polymerase complex and nucleoprotein indicated that they are closely related to homologues from highly pathogenic Norwegian viruses. Notably, seven of the eight mutations that are present only in the Chilean isolates are on the polymerase complex and nucleoprotein. Structural modeling of hemagglutinin-esterase shows patches of variable residues on its surface. Fusion protein modeling shows that insertions are flexible regions that could affect proteolytic processing, increasing either the accessibility or the number of recognition sites for specific proteases. We found antigenic drift processes related to insertion into the isolated segment 5 of the ISAV752_09. Our results confirm the European origin of Chilean isolates to be the result of reassortments from Norwegian ancestors.
Effective Formation of the Segregation-Competent Complex Determines Successful Partitioning of the Bovine Papillomavirus Genome during Cell Division
Authors: Silla Toomas , Männik Andres , Ustav Mart 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Effective segregation of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated human herpesvirus type 8 (KSHV) genomes into daughter cells is mediated by a single viral protein that tethers viral genomes to host mitotic chromosomes. The linker proteins that mediate BPV1, EBV, and KSHV segregation are E2, LANA1, and EBNA1, respectively. The N-terminal transactivation domain of BPV1 E2 is responsible for chromatin attachment and subsequent viral genome segregation. Because E2 transcriptional activation and chromatin attachment functions are not mutually exclusive, we aimed to determine the requirement of these activities during segregation by analyzing chimeric E2 proteins. This approach allowed us to separate the two activities. Our data showed that attachment of the segregation protein to chromatin is not sufficient for proper segregation. Rather, formation of a segregation-competent complex which carries multiple copies of the segregation protein is required. Complementation studies of E2 functional domains indicated that chromatin attachment and transactivation functions must act in concert to ensure proper plasmid segregation. These data indicate that there are specific interactions between linker molecules and transcription factors/complexes that greatly increase segregation-competent complex formation. We also showed, using hybrid E2 molecules, that restored segregation function does not involve interactions with Brd4.
Is There a Future for Fair Value Accounting After the 2008–2009 Financial Crisis?
Authors: Jaggi Bikki , Winder James P. , Lee Cheng-Few 
Published: September 2010

This paper evaluates the role of fair value accounting in recent financial crisis, and examines whether the call for its demise is justified. Critics argue that fair accounting regulation added to the volatility in financial markets and aggravated financial crisis. On the other hand, supporters of this regulation argue that fair value accounting has been the victim of the recent financial crisis. They believe that this regulation is important for providing transparent, reliable, and accurate information on asset values to investors. After evaluating the impact of fair value accounting regulation on financial crisis, we examine negative and positive aspects of this regulation. Our discussion shows that fair value accounting provides useful information during stable market conditions, but its usefulness may become questionable during unstable and volatile financial markets. Overall, this regulation has the support of financial professional bodies. Some professionals are, however, concerned about recent modification to the fair value accounting rule, i.e., FAS 157-4, because this modification may not enhance reliability and accuracy of financial information. Despite recent modification, discussion on fair value accounting is far from over. Critics of the regulation still believe that this regulation should be eliminated, but the positive aspects of this regulation support its continuation.
Metformin and Other Biguanides in Oncology: Advancing the Research Agenda
Authors: Pollak Michael 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Retrospective studies that may be impractical to confirm prospectively suggest that diabetics treated with metformin have a substantially reduced cancer burden compared with other diabetics. It is unclear if this reflects a chemopreventive effect, an effect on transformed cells, or both. It also remains to be established if these data have relevance to people without diabetes. Laboratory models, however, provide independent impressive evidence for the activity of metformin and other biguanides in both cancer treatment and chemoprevention. Investigations of mechanisms of action of biguanides have revealed considerable complexity and have identified important gaps in knowledge that should be addressed to ensure the optimal design of clinical trials of these agents. Such trials may define important new indications for biguanides in the prevention and/or treatment of many common cancers. Cancer Prev Res; 3(9); 1060–5. ©2010 AACR.
College students’ use of compliance-gaining strategies to obtain prescription stimulant medications for illicit use
Authors: Checton Maria G , Greene Kathryn 
Published: September 2010

Objective: To examine college students’ illicit use of prescription stimulant medications and compliance-gaining strategies that they would use to obtain a stimulant medication. Design: A questionnaire-based study. Setting: Seven hundred and twenty undergraduate college students at a large, northeastern university in the United States were surveyed. Method: The study received approval from the university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). Students completed anonymous questionnaires outside of class time. Results: Respondents were more likely to use rationality and promise strategies to gain others’ compliance. No differences in strategy selection for close friends and acquaintances were reported. Illicit prescription stimulant users scored higher in sensation seeking than those who reported no prior illicit stimulant use. Conclusions: A compliance-gaining perspective provided a better understanding of the strategies college students are likely to use to obtain prescription stimulants from those with a legitimate prescription.
User-Preferred Position of Computer Displays: Effects of Display Size
Authors: Shin Gwanseob , Hegde Sudeep 
Published: September 2010

Objective: Effects of display size and dual display setting on preferred display and keyboard positions were evaluated.Background: User-preferred display position may vary as its size changes or when multiple displays are used. It is also not known whether the use of larger displays or multiple displays would influence positioning of the keyboard.Method: Participants ( N = 19) who had normal visual acuity (20/30 or better) determined preferred positions of the display and the keyboard during a data entry task in four display setups (19, 24, 27.5, and dual 19 in.). The size of capital characters (3.2 mm high) was kept consistent between setups.Results: Preferred viewing distance ranged from 0.68 m (19-in. display) to 0.76 m (27.5-in. display). No significant differences in viewing distance and display height were found between the single 19-in. display and dual 19-in. displays setups. The preferred position of the keyboard was consistent between display setups.Conclusion: Participants placed larger displays farther and lower while maintaining the display top at or near eye height. Preferred position of the dual displays in landscape setting did not differ from that of a single display. It appears that the preferred display position varies with the vertical dimension of the overall viewable area of the display.Application: The results of this study can be used to determine the dimensions or adjustability of computer workstations for larger displays or multiple displays settings.
Songs at twilight
Authors: Dale Susan 
Published: September 2010

This article reflects on a doctoral research project undertaken by the author, which used co-constructed audio narratives to explore the experience of living with a visual impairment and the effect this had on claims to identity. The research project was attempting to respond to Duckett and Pratt’s review of visual impairment research which called for research where there was empowerment and ‘greater inclusion of visually impaired people’ (2007: 7). Themes emerging from the research that were thought to have an influence on identity were related to negative societal attitudes towards visual impairment, including living in a world dominated by sighted perspectives, relationships with sighted people, attitudes towards education, schooling and employment and not having a voice within the agencies set up to support people who are visually impaired. Within this article the author specifically explores the use of collaborative narrative methodology, using excerpts from the narrative text to reflect on both the process of the research and whether this could be considered emancipatory, and also to demonstrate how societal attitudes affected the four research participants, and the author’s experience of living with a visual impairment, and the effect this had on claims to identity.