bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis exposed to nicotine and cotinine
Authors: Cogo K. , de Andrade A. , Labate C. A. , Bergamaschi C. C. , Berto L. A. , Franco G. C. N. , Gonçalves R. B. , Groppo F. C. 
Published: June 2012

Cogo K, de Andrade A, Labate CA, Bergamaschi CC, Berto LA, Franco GCN, Gonçalves RB, Groppo FC. Proteomic analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis exposed to nicotine and cotinine. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 766–775. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Smokers are more predisposed than nonsmokers to infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the most important pathogens involved in the onset and development of periodontitis. It has also been observed that tobacco, and tobacco derivatives such as nicotine and cotinine, can induce modifications to P. gingivalis virulence. However, the effect of the major compounds derived from cigarettes on expression of protein by P. gingivalis is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of nicotine and cotinine on the P. gingivalis proteomic profile.Material and Methods:  Total proteins of P. gingivalis exposed to nicotine and cotinine were extracted and separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins differentially expressed were successfully identified through liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and primary sequence databases using MASCOT search engine, and gene ontology was carried out using DAVID tools.Results:  Of the approximately 410 protein spots that were reproducibly detected on each gel, 23 were differentially expressed in at least one of the treatments. A particular increase was seen in proteins involved in metabolism, virulence and acquisition of peptides, protein synthesis and folding, transcription and oxidative stress. Few proteins showed significant decreases in expression; those that did are involved in cell envelope biosynthesis and proteolysis and also in metabolism.Conclusion:  Our results characterized the changes in the proteome of P. gingivalis following exposure to nicotine and cotinine, suggesting that these substances may modulate, with minor changes, protein expression. The present study is, in part, a step toward understanding the potential smoke–pathogen interaction that may occur in smokers with periodontitis.
Immunohistochemical correlation between microvessel density and lymphoid infiltrate in radicular cysts
Authors: Zizzi A , Aspriello SD , Ferrante L , Stramazzotti D , Colella G , Balercia P , Lo Muzio L , Piemontese M , Goteri G , Rubini C 
Published: June 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 19, 92–99Objective:  Radicular cysts occur as a result of the immunological response to continuous antigenic stimulation from root canals. We correlated the immunophenotypical composition of the lymphoid infiltrate to the microvessel density expressed by the count of CD34 reactive endothelial cells in radicular cysts.Subjects and methods:  Thirty‐four cases of radicular cysts were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, using antibodies against B‐ and T‐cell antigens (CD20, CD3, CD4, CD8) and against the endothelial cell marker CD34. Statistical analysis was performed.Results:  In the epithelium, we observed a low amount of lymphoid infiltrate in all 34 radicular cysts, and a strong significant negative correlation between T and B lymphocytes and between T‐helper and T‐cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes. In the cyst capsule, we observed a significant positive correlation between B and T lymphocytes, B and T‐cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes, T and T‐helper lymphocytes and between the number of CD34+ blood vessels and T and T‐helper lymphocytes, respectively. We observed a statistically significant correlation between percentage of CD34+ vessels and inflammatory infiltrate grade.Conclusions:  Both humoral and cellular immune reactions and neovascularization are likely to occur in the complex events of tissue destruction. The inflammatory infiltrate has an important role in neoangiogenesis and consequently in radicular cysts development and growth.
‘I know it's wrong, but . . .’: a qualitative investigation of low‐income parents' feelings of guilt about their child‐feeding practices
Authors: Pescud Melanie , Pettigrew Simone 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the developed world, child overweight and obesity rates are highest among the disadvantaged. This has resulted in calls for more research with low socio‐economic families to better understand their experiences with disadvantage and how they might lead to poorer weight outcomes. The present study, conducted in Australia, adopted a qualitative approach to investigate the factors affecting low socio‐economic parents' child‐feeding practices. Methods used to collect data were introspections, interviews and focus groups. In total, 37 parents of overweight or obese children aged between 5 and 9 years took part in the 6‐month study. Guilt emerged as an emotion that parents regularly experienced when allowing their children to consume too much food or foods high in fat, salt and/or sugar. Parents attributed their guilt‐inducing child‐feeding practices to both external and internal factors. Time scarcity and cost were factors that were primarily characterized by an external locus of control. The factors characterized by an internal locus of control were fear of their children experiencing hunger, the perceived need to secure their children's affection through the provision of treat foods, perceptions of their ability to balance their children's diets across eating situations and perceived laziness. Recommendations are provided for addressing guilt‐inducing child‐feeding practices.
FLOW UNIT DISTRIBUTION AND RESERVOIR MODELLING IN CRETACEOUS CARBONATES OF THE SARVAK FORMATION, ABTEYMOUR OILFIELD, DEZFUL EMBAYMENT, SW IRAN
Authors: Rahimpour‐Bonab H. , Mehrabi H. , Navidtalab A. , Izadi‐Mazidi E. 
Published: June 2012

Carbonate sediments within the Mid‐Cretaceous Sarvak Formation form an important reservoir at the Abteymour oilfield in the western Dezful Embayment, SW Iran. The poroperm characteristics of this reservoir were controlled by factors including deposition under tropical climatic conditions and early diagenesis, repeated phases of subaerial exposure due to local, regional and global‐scale tectonism, and diagenetic modification during burial. From microfacies analysis, the Sarvak Formation carbonates in the Abteymour field were interpreted in a previous study as having been deposited on a homoclinal ramp‐type platform. Three third‐order sequences were recognized in the middle Cenomanian to middle Turonian part of the formation. The reservoir quality of the carbonates was enhanced both by dissolution (comprising separate phases of eogenetic and telogenetic meteoric dissolution) and dolomitization (especially stylolite‐related dolomitization).In this paper, a rock/pore type approach was used in order to integrate petrophysical data with facies and diagenetic models within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Two different rock‐typing methods for the determination of flow units were considered. Hydraulic flow units (HFUs) were identified firstly using flow zone indicators and secondly using a stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot. The flow units resulting from these two methods are compared, and their close correspondence within the sequence stratigraphic framework is discussed. In addition, the previously‐used large‐scale reservoir zonation scheme for the Abteymour field is correlated with the defined flow units, and four new Integrated Reservoir Zones are introduced. By integrating geological information with petrophysical parameters (including porosity, permeability and saturation) within a sequence stratigraphic framework, field‐scale variations and controls on reservoir quality are described.
BIOMARKER CHARACTERISTICS OF CRUDE OILS FROM THE MURZUQ BASIN, SW LIBYA
Authors: Hodairi T.A. , Philp R.P. 
Published: June 2012

Twenty crude oil samples from the Murzuq Basin, SW Libya (A‐, R‐ and I‐Fields in Blocks NC115 and NC186) have been investigated by a variety of organic geochemical methods. Based on biomarker distributions (e.g. n‐alkanes, isoprenoids, terpanes and steranes), the source of the oils is interpreted to be composed of mixed marine/terrigenous organic matter. The values of the Pr/Ph ratio (1.36–2.1), C30‐diahopane / C29 Ts ratio and diasterane / sterane ratio, together with the low values of the C29/ C30‐hopane ratio and the cross‐plot of the dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene ratio (DBT/P) versus Pr/Ph ratio in most of oil samples, suggest that the oils were sourced from marine clay‐rich sediments deposited in mild anoxic depositional environments. Assessment of thermal maturity based on phenanthrenes, aromatic steroids (e.g. monoaromatic (MA) and triaromatic (TA) steroid hydrocarbons), together with terpanes, and diasterane/sterane ratios, indicates that crude oils from A‐Field are at high levels of thermal maturity, while oils from Rand I‐Fields are at intermediate levels of thermal maturity. Based on the distributions of n‐alkanes and the absence of 25‐norhopanes in all of the crude oils analysed, none of the oils appear to have been biodegraded. Correlation of the crude oils points to a single genetic family and this is supported by the stable carbon isotope values. The oils can be divided into two sub‐families based on the differences in maturities, as shown in a Pr/nC17 versus Ph/nC18 cross‐plot. Sub‐family‐A is represented by the highly mature oils from A‐Field. Sub‐family‐B comprises the less mature oils from R‐ and I‐Fields. The two sub‐families may represent different source kitchens of different thermal maturity or different migration pathways.In summary, the geochemical characteristics of oil samples from A‐, R‐, and I‐Fields suggest that all the crude oils were generated from similar source rocks. Depositional environment conditions and advanced thermal maturities of these oils are consistent with previously published geochemical interpretations of the Rhuddanian “hot shale” in the Tanezzuft Formation, which is thought to be the main source rock in the Murzuq Basin.
Correlation between FamilyAPGARscores and health‐related quality of life of Filipino elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Lim Anne T. C. , Manching James , Penserga Ester G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to describe the clinical profile of Filipino patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and correlate their health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) with perceived family support.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, analytical study of patients seen at the Philippine General Hospital Arthritis Clinic diagnosed with kneeOAusing the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria. Questionnaires for the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) v.3.1 and FamilyAPGAR(Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve) were self‐administered. Pearson's correlation, analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests were applied.ResultsNinety patients with 3 : 1 female‐to‐male ratio, mean age of 70.14 years qualified for the study. Mean body mass index was 23.3. Mean duration of symptoms was 5.9 years. Fifty‐three considered their family to be highly functional, 28 moderately dysfunctional and nine severely dysfunctional. Analysis showed that FamilyAPGARis moderately and inversely correlated with pain (r = −0.3373;P = 0.0002), stiffness (r = −0.3642;P = 0.0004), function (r = −0.3646;P = 0.0004) and totalWOMACscores (r = −0.3880;P = 0.0002). Likewise, there were significant differences of totalWOMACscores in the pain, stiffness and function subscales (P = 0.0076,P = 0.0032,P = 0.0165 andP = 0.0159, respectively) between patients in highly functional and severely dysfunctional families, and between highly and moderately functional families. As FamilyAPGARscores increased, there was significant decrease in allWOMACsubscales.ConclusionWe described the clinical profile of 90 elderly patients with kneeOAand the relationship of HrQoL to FamilyAPGARscores. This paper concludes that higher FamilyAPGARscores in this population correlated with better HrQoL.
Distribution and diversity of anaerobic ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria in the sediments of the Qiantang River
Authors: Hu Bao‐lan , Shen Li‐dong , Zheng Ping , Hu An‐hui , Chen Ting‐ting , Cai Chen , Liu Shuai , Lou Li‐ping 
Published: June 2012

SummaryAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important process in the marine nitrogen cycle. However, little is known about the distribution, diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria in inland river ecosystems. Here, we found the presence of diverse anammox bacteria in a freshwater river – the Qiantang River, Zhejiang Province (China). The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that Brocadia genus, Kuenenia genus, Scalindua genus and three new anammox bacterial clusters could be detected together in Qiantang River sediments, suggesting a higher anammox bacterial diversity in the Qiantang River ecosystem than in open ocean environments where only Scalindua genus was detected. Brocadia and Kuenenia appeared to be the most common anammox bacterial genera in the Qiantang River. Redundancy analysis showed that the sediment organic carbon (OrgC) content had significant influence on the distribution of anammox bacteria in Qiantang River sediments. Pearson correlation analyses showed that OrgC content significantly influenced the anammox bacterial diversity. The results of real‐time quantitative PCR showed spatial variations of anammox bacterial abundances which were highly correlated with the sediment total inorganic nitrogen content. These results demonstrated the distribution of diverse anammox bacteria and the influences of environmental factors on anammox bacterial communities in Qiantang River sediments.
Comparison of quantitative light‐induced fluorescence, digital photography and transverse microradiography for quantification of enamel remineralization
Authors: Cochrane NJ , Walker GD , Manton DJ , Reynolds EC 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:  Quantitative light‐induced fluorescence (QLF) and digital photography (DP) have been proposed as clinical methods for measuring changes in enamel mineral content. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of QLF and DP with the in vitro gold standard transverse microradiography (TMR) to measure the remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions.Methods:  Subsurface lesions were formed in enamel (n = 40) and exposed to remineralization solutions for 10 days. Changes were analysed by DP, QLF and TMR to determine percentage changes in luminescence (%L), fluorescence (%F) and mineral content (%R), respectively and correlation between these parameters determined.Results:  The correlations between TMR and QLF (r = 0.63), TMR and DP (r = 0.59), and DP and QLF (r = 0.64) were all moderate but statistically significant (p < 0.001). The variability in %L and, to a lesser extent, %F values significantly impacted on the potential role of DP and QLF as methods by which mineral content changes produced by remineralization treatments could be accurately measured.Conclusions:  Both QLF and DP provided data that correlated moderately with TMR data. QLF images were easier to analyse, free of glare and had less variability compared with those produced using DP.
ATP secretion in the male reproductive tract: essential role of CFTR
Authors: Ruan Ye Chun , Shum Winnie W. C. , Belleannée Clémence , Da Silva Nicolas , Breton Sylvie 
Published: June 2012

Key points
CFTR is expressed in principal cells but not clear cells in mouse cauda epididymis.
Inhibition or knockdown of CFTR inhibits ATP release from mouse epididymal principal cells.
Inhibition of CFTR reduces ATP release into the lumen of cauda epididymis in mice in vivo.
These results show the involvement of CFTR in the regulation of ATP release from epithelial principal cells in the cauda epididymidis.
Defective ATP signalling in the epididymis might contribute to dysfunction of the male reproductive tract associated with CFTR mutations.
Abstract  Extracellular ATP is essential for the function of the epididymis and spermatozoa, but ATP release in the epididymis remains uncharacterized. We investigated here whether epithelial cells release ATP into the lumen of the epididymis, and we examined the role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a Cl− and HCO3− conducting ion channel known to be associated with male fertility, in this process. Immunofluorescence labelling of mouse cauda epididymidis showed expression of CFTR in principal cells but not in other epithelial cells. CFTR mRNA was not detectable in clear cells isolated by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) from B1‐EGFP mice, which express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) exclusively in these cells in the epididymis. ATP release was detected from the mouse epididymal principal cell line (DC2) and increased by adrenaline and forskolin. Inhibition of CFTR with CFTRinh172 and transfection with CFTR‐specific siRNAs in DC2 cells reduced basal and forskolin‐activated ATP release. CFTR‐dependent ATP release was also observed in primary cultures of mouse epididymal epithelial cells. In addition, steady‐state ATP release was detected in vivo in mice, by measuring ATP concentration in a solution perfused through the lumen of the cauda epididymidis tubule and collected by cannulation of the vas deferens. Luminal CFTRinh172 reduced the ATP concentration detected in the perfusate. This study shows that CFTR is involved in the regulation of ATP release from principal cells in the cauda epididymidis. Given that mutations in CFTR are a leading cause of male infertility, we propose that defective ATP signalling in the epididymis might contribute to dysfunction of the male reproductive tract associated with these mutations.
Specific hunger‐ and satiety‐induced tuning of guinea pig enteric nerve activity
Authors: Roosen Lina , Boesmans Werend , Dondeyne Marjan , Depoortere Inge , Tack Jan , Vanden Berghe Pieter 
Published: June 2012

Key points
Acute changes in glycaemia can have substantial effects on gastro‐intestinal motor function.
A feeding state‐related bistable memory system has been previously described in neurons of the hypothalamus.
We found that peristaltic bowel movements are more pronounced in intestinal segments from re‐fed compared to fasted animals and neuronal responses in the myenteric plexus are tuned to the feeding state, which illustrates that the feeding status remains imprinted ex vivo.
This feeding state‐related memory can be reproduced in vitro and humoral factors as well as glucose‐dependent pathways are involved.
Pharmacological manipulation of feeding state‐specific signalling in enteric neurons can be of therapeutic importance in the treatment of motility‐related feeding disorders.
Abstract  Although hunger and satiety are mainly centrally regulated, there is convincing evidence that also gastrointestinal motor activity and hormone fluctuations significantly contribute to appetite signalling. In this study, we investigated how motility and enteric nerve activity are set by fasting and feeding. By means of video‐imaging, we tested whether peristaltic activity differs in ex vivo preparations from fasted and re‐fed guinea pigs. Ca2+ imaging was used to investigate whether the feeding state directly alters neuronal activity, either occurring spontaneously or evoked by (an)orexigenic signalling molecules. We found that pressure‐induced (2 cmH2O) peristaltic activity occurs at a higher frequency in ileal segments from re‐fed animals (re‐fed versus fasted, 6.12 ± 0.22 vs. 4.84 ± 0.52 waves min−1, P= 0.028), even in vitro hours after death. Myenteric neuronal responses were tuned to the feeding status, since neurons in tissues from re‐fed animals remained hyper‐responsive to high K+‐evoked depolarization (P < 0.001) and anorexigenic molecules (P < 0.001), while being less responsive to orexigenic ghrelin (P= 0.013). This illustrates that the feeding status remains ‘imprinted’ex vivo. We were able to reproduce this feeding state‐related memory in vitro and found humoral feeding state‐related factors to be implicated. Although the molecular link with hyperactivity is not entirely elucidated yet, glucose‐dependent pathways are clearly involved in tuning neuronal excitability. We conclude that a bistable memory system that tunes neuronal responses to fasting and re‐feeding is present in the enteric nervous system, increasing responses to depolarization and anorexigenic molecules in the re‐fed state, while decreasing responses to orexigenic ghrelin. Unlike the hypothalamus, where specific cell populations sensitive to either orexigenic or anorexigenic molecules exist, the enteric feeding state‐related memory system is present at the functional level of receptor signalling rather than confined to specific neuron subtypes.
TMC647055, a Potent Nonnucleoside Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor with Cross-Genotypic Coverage
Authors: Devogelaere Benoit , Berke Jan Martin , Vijgen Leen , Dehertogh Pascale , Fransen Els , Cleiren Erna , van der Helm Liesbet , Nyanguile Origène , Tahri Abdellah , Amssoms Katie , Lenz Oliver , Cummings Maxwell D. , Clayton Reginald F. , Vendeville Sandrine , Raboisson Pierre , Simmen Kenneth A. , Fanning Gregory C. , Lin Tse-I 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health burden and is associated with an increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There remains an unmet medical need for efficacious and safe direct antivirals with complementary modes of action for combination in treatment regimens to deliver a high cure rate with a short duration of treatment for HCV patients. Here we report the
in vitro
inhibitory activity, mode of action, binding kinetics, and resistance profile of TMC647055, a novel and potent nonnucleoside inhibitor of the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
In vitro
combination studies with an HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor demonstrated potent suppression of HCV RNA replication, confirming the potential for combination of these two classes in the treatment of chronic HCV infection. TMC647055 is a potent nonnucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor of HCV replication with a promising
in vitro
biochemical, kinetic, and virological profile that is currently undergoing clinical evaluation.