bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of embolization therapy in painful osseous metastases from hepatocellular carcinomas; comparative study with radiation therapy
Authors: Murakami R , Baba Y , Furusawa M , Yokoyama T , Nishimura R , Uozumi H , Hatanaka Y , Yamashita Y , Takahashi M 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
We evaluated the therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial embolization therapy (TAE) for painful osseous metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison with radiation therapy (RT). TAE using gelatin sponge particles was performed for seven lesions in seven patients. Selective catheterization and embolization were successfully performed in all lesions. Within 10 days after TAE, complete pain relief (CR), partial relief (PR) and no relief (NR) were attained in 57%, 29% and 14%, respectively. RT was used to treat 34 lesions in 22 patients. The dose fractionation schedules were in the range 28.0–50.4 Gy, with 1.8–4.0 Gy per fraction. CR, PR and NR were attained in 47%, 47% and 6%, respectively. There were no serious complications related to these treatments. Both TAE and RT are effective and the treatment of choice should be selected on an individual basis.
Magnetic resonance imaging of primary lymphoma of the cauda equina
Authors: Ooi G C , Peh W C G , Fung C F 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system is usually confined within the cranium, with primary involvement of the spinal cord and nerve roots being very rare. The occurrence of primary lymphoma in the cauda equina in a 16-year-old Chinese male is reported. Contrast enhancement during magnetic resonance imaging is useful in accurately demonstrating disease extent prior to surgery.
The “veiled right kidney sign”—an ultrasound finding in retroperitoneal perforation of the duodenum
Authors: McWilliams R G , Blakeborough A , Johnson M I , Weston M 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
We report a case of traumatic duodenal perforation where the diagnosis was first considered during abdominal ultrasound examination. A subsequent CT scan identified the site of perforation which was confirmed at laparotomy. This condition typically produces few clinical signs or symptoms initially but has a high mortality related to delayed diagnosis. The ultrasound findings that prompted early diagnosis are described.
The quantification of renal function with enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Blomley M J K , Dawson P 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The changes with time in renal parenchymal and vascular attenuation following injection of an intravascular contrast medium can be exploited to study renal physiology in several ways. Shortly after injection, both contrast medium clearance and fractional vascular volume per unit volume of kidney can be measured on a regional basis by obtaining sequential CT data from one anatomical level and the application of a graphical analysis to the baseline subtracted CT numbers for tissue and vascular regions of interest: c(t) and b(t), respectively. By plotting the ratio c(t)/b(t) against ∫b(t)dt/b(t), both fractional vascular volume and contrast medium clearance can be estimated graphically. At later time points, a semilogarithmic plot against time of the declining attenuation of vascular or parenchymal regions of interest gives information about overall, as opposed to regional, renal function: the gradient estimates the glomerular filtration rate per unit volume of extracellular fluid. Absolute glomerular filtration rates can also be calculated with blood sampling. Although further experimental evaluation is needed, these techniques have a strong theoretical basis, and experimental work performed so far is encouraging. Possible applications of these techniques are discussed.
Some cost-benefit considerations for PACS: a radiological perspective
Authors: Strickland N H 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Some cost-benefit considerations for a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) are discussed in relation to a hospital-wide PACS. The acquisition of plain radiography by phosphor imaging plate technology (currently state of the art computed radiography), the soft copy display of the clinical history and radiological reports in association with the corresponding images, and the retrieval and simultaneous display of past with current images, are all considered to be integral to a true PACS. Cost-benefit considerations for a PACS extend far beyond the purely economic issues. More important and far reaching consequences relate to efficient data management provided by a PACS properly interfaced to hospital and radiological information systems. The hardware required to install and operate a hospital-wide PACS is now ubiquitously available and its performance has been amply demonstrated by a number of filmless hospitals. Software design and implementation is now the outstanding consideration determining the clinical and, in particular, the radiogical benefit of a PACS.
Chest high resolution CT in adults with primary humoral immunodeficiency
Authors: Feydy A , Sibilia J , Kerviler E De , Zagdanski A-M , Chevret S , Fermand J-P , Brouet J-C , Frija J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the findings on chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency. HRCT was prospectively and consecutively performed in 19 patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency, aged 15–64 years (mean 36), and in 15 healthy subjects. HRCT results were correlated with clinical and biological data. Bronchial lesions were observed in 11 patients (58%), consisting either of bronchial wall thickening in eight or bronchiectasis in eight; both were present in five patients. Lobar and/or segmental collapses were found in seven patients (37%), scars in eight patients (42%), interstitial lesions in six patients (32%), and lobular air-trapping in two patients (11%). Parenchymal collapses were correlated with the annual frequency of infections (p = 0.03) and with the IgA level (p = 0.01). Scars were correlated with the annual frequency of infections (p = 0.04). No correlation was found between bronchial wall thickening or bronchiectasis and the data analysed. In conclusion, HRCT is a useful method to demonstrate lung disease in primary humoral immunodeficiencies, with special emphasis on bronchial changes and interstitial lesions.
Lymphoscintigraphy and colour Doppler sonography in the assessment of leg oedema of unknown cause
Authors: Wheatley D C , Wastie M L , Whitaker S C , Perkins A C , Hopkinson B R 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Oedema of the lower limbs may be associated with a number of factors, most commonly a lymphatic or venous abnormality. Generally effective treatment options are only available with venous disorders. The aim of this study is to show that a combination of duplex Doppler sonography and lymphoscintigraphy in patients with limb oedema will help to determine the aetiology and thus identify patients for whom treatment is appropriate. 32 patients presenting with unexplained oedema involving the lower limb have been studied. Each patient underwent Doppler sonography followed by lymphoscintigraphy. In 16 patients the lymphoscintigraphy was abnormal, showing absent or poorly visualized lymphatics. The Doppler study was abnormal in 17 patients, nine of whom went on to receive definitive surgical treatment. In five patients both studies were abnormal and there were six cases where both investigations were normal. It is concluded that in the great majority of referrals (82%), the combination of lymphoscintigraphy and Doppler ultrasound is a satisfactory means of assessment of patients with unexplained limb oedema.
99Tcm tetrofosmin uptake in mediastinal tumours
Authors: Ishibashi M , Fujimoto K , Ohzono H , Meno S , Hayabuchi N 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
We present our experience in visualizing mediastinal tumours using 99Tcm tetrofosmin. Three patients with thymic tumours and two patients with a mediastinal tumour (seminoma and small cell carcinoma) were found to have anterior mediastinal masses on chest radiographs, and subsequently underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, the patients underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99Tcm tetrofosmin and 201Tl. Intense uptake was seen on early 99Tcm tetrofosmin images in three patients with thymoma, invasive thymoma and mediastinal tumour (small cell carcinoma). In the remaining two patients with thymic carcinoma and mediastinal seminoma, there was intense 99Tcm tetrofosmin uptake on early images which reduced on delayed images. 201Tl uptake was intense on both early and delayed images. These findings suggest that different 99Tcm tetrofosmin uptake in early and delayed imaging may offer new information on these mediastinal tumours.
Usefulness of iron colloid-enhanced MRI in differentiating experimental hepatocellular carcinoma from hyperplastic nodules in rats: analysis by microautoradiography
Authors: Suto Y , Kodama F 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
To demonstrate the usefulness of iron colloid-enhanced MR images in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from hyperplastic nodules (HN), microautoradiographs of chemically induced rat liver tumours were prepared 4 h after intravenous injection of chondroitin sulphate iron colloid (CSIC) labelled with 59Fe by the dipping technique. 20 Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: (1) a normal group, 10; (2) an HN group, 5; and (3) a liver cancer (LC) group, 5. In the LC group, a diet containing 0.06% 3′-methydiaminobenzine tetrahydro-chloride (DAB) was administered for 3 months. In the HN group, a diet containing 0.025% acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was administered for 4 months. Non-labelled CSIC was intravenously injected into five rats in the normal group, and pseudomicroautoradiographs were prepared using the same technique (normal cold group). 50 sites for examination were randomly selected for each of the normal liver tissue, HN, well-differentiated HCC (HCC-W), and moderately to poorly-differentiated HCC (HCC-MP). The number of Kupffer cell-like macrophages and the photosensitized area ratio (PAR) per field of view were calculated. There was no significant difference in either the number of Kupffer cell-like macrophages or the PAR between HN and normal liver tissue. Although there was no significant difference in the number of these cells between groups HN and HCC-W, the PAR in group HCC-W was significantly lower than that in group HN (p=0.045). In HCC-MP, both their number (p=0.003) and the PAR (p=1.18 × 10−9) were significantly lower than in group HCC-W. However, the PAR in HCC-MP was significantly higher than those in the normal cold group (p=0.019). Iron colloid-enhanced MRI is useful for differentiating HCC from HN, and for diagnosing the degree of HCC differentiation.
Patient dose measurements from femoral angiography
Authors: Hoskins P R , Gillespie I , Ireland H M 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Investigation of patient dose from femoral angiography requires detailed logging of dose–area product (DAP) measurements, which is time-consuming and only possible on small numbers of patients. A simple model for the femoral angiogram study consists of two regions; lower limbs and torso. The experimental phantom was the abdominal and pelvic sections of a Rando phantom, and two 10 cm diameter water filled cylinders to represent a lower limb. DAP rate during screening, and the DAP per spot film exposure were obtained in two rooms. Total DAP values were measured on 100 patients in each room. The median screening time and number of spot film exposures were divided between the two regions. The DAP from screening and spot films for each region was estimated by combining the phantom and patient data. The total DAP predicted by the model agreed to within 7% of the median DAP from the patient studies. Conversion to effective dose gave 9.0 mSv for the newer room compared with 2.8 mSv for the older room. In the newer room it was estimated that digital spot film exposure contributed 88% of the total effective dose. In the same room, exposure of the torso contributed 98% of the total effective dose. The model will enable interpretation of total DAP measurements made from femoral angiogram studies without the need for detailed DAP measurements on every patient. Attempts to reduce patient dose from femoral angiography must concentrate on reduction of the number and dose per exposure from abdominal and pelvic digital spot films.
Sequential bilateral carotid dissection leading to Raeder's syndrome
Authors: Stefani P , Monti L , Pacini M , Barontini F , Maurri S 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A 39-year-old man complained of unilateral headache, diplopia and marked anterior neck oppression “like a necklace”. MRA was used to study this case of subsequent bilateral internal artery dissection (ICAD) which initially appeared as Raeder's syndrome. MRA proved to be a non-invasive alternative for studying stenosis, occlusions and dissections of the intracranial and extracranial vessels.
Varicella–zoster virus myelitis—serial MR findings
Authors: Hirai T , Korogi Y , Hamatake S , Ikushima I , Shigematsu Y , Takahashi M , Ando Y , Arima T , Ando M 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The authors describe a 32-year-old male in whom herpes zoster of the left upper extremity was complicated by the development of cervical myelitis. Contrast enhancement and abnormal signal intensity on T 1 and T 2 weighted images was seen at C1–C6 levels in the spinal cord and medulla. There was also slight enlargement of the cord at these levels. On serial MR imaging, the degree of enhancement changed from marked to none with corresponding clinical improvement.
Philadelphia Chromosome–Negative Chronic Myeloproliferative Disease
Authors: Thiele Juergen 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Session 2 of the 2007 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology was focused on Philadelphia chromosome–negative chronic myeloproliferative diseases (Ph– MPDs), recently termed chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. The presented and submitted cases highlighted some important issues and also impending problems associated with the diagnosis and classification. Cases included predominantly rare entities like chronic eosinophilic leukemia and related disorders, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, and others with specific genetic abnormalities that allowed molecularly targeted therapy. In this context, the distinctive role of a positive JAK2V617F mutation for the diagnosis of Ph– MPD was underscored, including entities with a low allele burden and the discrimination from reactive disorders (autoimmune myelofibrosis, reactive thrombocytosis). Although novel genetic and molecular approaches have significantly improved the way we classify Ph– MPD, a combined clinicopathologic approach, including representative bone marrow specimens, still remains the yardstick for diagnosis.
Mechanical testing of single yeast cells in liquid environment: Effect of the extracellular osmotic conditions on the failure behavior
Authors: Arfsten Judith , Kampen Ingo , Kwade Arno 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
In industrial biotechnology microbial cells are utilized to produce diverse products (e. g., enzymes, food and animal feed additives, pharmaceutical agents). Whilst relationships on genetic and molecular levels are reasonably understood there are still numerous unsolved questions in matters of the mechanical properties of those cells. Recently, a compression test in liquid environment using a nanoindentation device was established to address the cell mechanical behavior of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) cells. At higher deformations compressive stressing yielded failure of the cell wall. In the present work, the influence of the extracellular osmotic conditions on the failure characteristics (bursting force, bursting energy, and relative deformation at bursting) was studied. Moreover, a simple mechanical model was applied to characterize the mechanical properties of the cell wall.
Effect of seeding sludge type and hydrodynamic shear force on the aerobic sludge granulation in sequencing batch airlift reactors
Authors: Koh K. Y. , Kueh K. H. , Loh K. T. , Leong H. J. , Chua A. S. M. , Hashim M. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo sequencing batch airlift reactors (SBARs) were operated simultaneously for two separate runs. In the first run, two different types of seeding sludge were cultivated in two separate reactors under the same superficial air velocity (SAV). In the second run, the same seeding sludge was cultivated in both reactors but under different SAV, i.e. 1.2 and 3.6 cm s−1. Both runs were carried out for a period of about 20 days, during which the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and morphology of sludge were examined. Batch tests using sodium acetate as the main carbon source were conducted to investigate the COD removal efficiency, and the morphologies of sludge were examined under light microscopy. Results showed that the COD removal efficiency improved with cultivation time. Morphological study showed that all cultivated sludge lost their filamentous species after a few days of cultivation, leaving behind communities of loosely packed pellet‐like groups. Although the SAV recommended by other researchers was applied to the SBAR, granulation did not take place at the end of both experimental runs. It was suspected that the failure for aerobic sludge to granulate under the selected operating strategies and reactor configuration was partly due to the intrinsic traits of the sludge microbial community. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal operation of tubular reactors for naphtha cracking by numerical simulation
Authors: Gao G.‐Y. , Wang M. , Ramshaw C. , Li X.‐G. , Yeung H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractProcess gas temperature profile and steam‐to‐hydrocarbon ratio in the feed have important impact on product yields and coking rate in tubular reactors for naphtha cracking. This study is to evaluate these effects quantitatively based on numerical simulation. Steady‐state operation of the tubular reactor in an industrial thermal cracking furnace was first simulated in HYSYS with a molecular reaction scheme. Various case studies then investigate the influence of process gas temperature profile and inlet steam‐to‐hydrocarbon ratio so that the ethylene/propylene product yields and coking rate can be evaluated. Finally, steady‐state optimization was applied to the operation of this industrial furnace. The optimal process temperature profile and the optimal inlet steam‐to‐naphtha ratio were found to maximize the operation profit. This study will provide significant guidance to process engineers in the ethylene industry. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of self‐interaction chromatography in stable formulation and crystallization of proteins
Authors: Deshpande Kedar S. , Ahamed Tangir , ter Horst Joop H. , Jansens Peter J. , van der Wielen Luuk A. M. , Ottens Marcel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews the basic principles of the recently developed self‐interaction chromatography (SIC) technique with regard to protein solution stability and protein crystallization. It gives experimental protocols for both normal‐scale and micro‐scale SIC experiments and reviews recent developments and current applications of this novel technique in the biopharmaceutical area. This paper aims to be a benchmark in the further proliferation of this highly effective and fast technology for the rational design of stable aqueous formulations of therapeutic proteins and the determination of solution conditions favoring protein crystallization.
Modification of plant hormone levels and signaling as a tool in plant biotechnology
Authors: Csukasi Fabiana , Merchante Catharina , Valpuesta Victoriano 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPlant hormones are signal molecules, present in trace quantities, that act as major regulators of plant growth and development. They are involved in a wide range of processes such as elongation, flowering, root formation and vascular differentiation. For many years, agriculturists have applied hormones to their crops to either increase the yield, or improve the quality of the commercial product. Nowadays, the knowledge of hormone biosynthesis, degradation and signaling pathways has allowed the utilization of biotechnological tools to further improve the main agricultural crops. Natural or artificial mutants, with impaired functioning of the corresponding genes, have been adopted because of their superior phenotype in specific agricultural traits. In addition, transgenic plants have been generated to regulate internal hormone levels, or their signaling pathways, resulting in some crops that have revolutionized agriculture.
Purification of homogeneous forms of fungal peroxygenase
Authors: Ullrich René , Liers Christiane , Schimpke Sylvia , Hofrichter Martin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExtracellular peroxygenase from the agaric fungus Agrocybe aegerita is a versatile biocatalyst that oxygenates various substrates by means of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme is routinely produced in suspensions of soybean meal and has until now been purified by several steps of fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) using different ion exchangers. The final protein fraction had a molecular mass of 46 kDa but still consisted of several incompletely separated proteins with slightly differing isoelectric points (pI 5.2, 5.6, 6.1), probably representing differently glycosylated isoforms. This made it difficult to further purify the individual protein forms. Since homogeneous protein fractions are a pre‐requisite for X‐ray crystallography and specific structure‐function studies, an appropriate FPLC procedure was developed starting with pre‐purification of crude peroxygenase on SP Sepharose followed by chromatofocusing on a Mono P column and elution with a pH gradient. Three sufficiently separated main protein peaks were eluted from the Mono P column and confirmed to be distinct forms of aromatic peroxygenase with different pIs. All A. aegerita peroxygenase forms oxygenated toluene and naphthalene and no catalytic differences were observed between them. We tested also two devices for preparative isoelectric focusing (Rotofor, IsoPrime systems) for peroxygenase separation but resolution and protein recovery were not sufficient.
Production of L‐DOPA and dopamine in recombinant bacteria bearing the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene
Authors: Kurt Asli Giray , Aytan Emel , Ozer Ufuk , Ates Burhan , Geckil Hikmet 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGiven the well‐established beneficial effects of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) on heterologous organisms, the potential of this protein for the production of L‐DOPA and dopamine in two bacteria, Citrobacter freundii and Erwinia herbicola, was investigated. The constructed recombinants bearing the VHb gene (vgb+) had substantially higher levels of cytoplasmic L‐DOPA (112 mg/L for C. freundii and 97 mg/L for E. herbicola) than their respective hosts (30.4 and 33.8 mg/L) and the vgb– control strains (35.6 and 35.8 mg/L). Further, the vgb+ recombinants of C. freundii and E. herbicola had 20‐fold and about two orders of magnitude higher dopamine levels than their hosts, repectively. The activity of tyrosine phenol‐lyase, the enzyme converting L‐tyrosine to L‐DOPA, was well‐correlated to cytoplasmic L‐DOPA levels. As cultures aged, higher tyrosine phenol‐lyase activity of the vgb+ strains was more apparent.