bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaction bone grafting
Authors: Putzer D. , Mayr E. , Haid C. , Reinthaler A. , Nogler M. 
Published: July 2011

In revision total hip replacement, bone loss can be managed by impacting porous bone chips. In order to guarantee sufficient mechanical strength, the bone chips have to be compacted. The aim of this study was to determine in an in vitro simulation whether the use of a pneumatic hammer leads to higher primary stability than manual impaction. Bone mass characteristics were measured by force and distance variation of a penetrating punch, which was lowered into a plastic cup filled with bone chips. From these measurements bulk density, contact stiffness, impaction hardness and penetration resistance were calculated for different durations of impaction. We found that the pneumatic method reached higher values of impaction hardness, contact stiffness and bulk density suggesting an increase in stability of the implant. No significant differences were found between the two different methods concerning the penetration resistance. The pneumatic method might reduce the risk of fracture in vivo, as force peaks are smaller and applied for a shorter period. Results from manual impaction showed higher variability and depend much on the experience of the surgeon. The pneumatic hammer is a suitable tool to standardise the impaction process.
Total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty in mobile, independent patients with a displaced intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck
Authors: Avery P. P. , Baker R. P. , Walton M. J. , Rooker J. C. , Squires B. , Gargan M. F. , Bannister G. C. 
Published: July 2011

We reviewed the seven- to ten-year results of our previously reported prospective randomised controlled trial comparing total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of displaced intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. Of our original study group of 81 patients, 47 were still alive. After a mean follow up of nine years (7 to 10) overall mortality was 32.5% and 51.2% after total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty, respectively (p = 0.09). At 100 months postoperatively a significantly greater proportion of hemiarthroplasty patients had died (p = 0.026). Three hips dislocated following total hip replacement and none after hemiarthroplasty. In both the total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty groups a deterioration had occurred in walking distance (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively). One total hip replacement required revision compared with four hemiarthroplasties which were revised to total hip replacements. All surviving patients with a total hip replacement demonstrated wear of the cemented polyethylene component and all hemiarthroplasties had produced acetabular erosion. There was lower mortality (p = 0.013) and a trend towards superior function in patients with a total hip replacement in the medium term.
Characterization of human septin interactions
Authors: Sandrock Kirstin , Bartsch Ingrid , Bläser Susanne , Busse Anja , Busse Eileen , Zieger Barbara 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Septins constitute a group of GTP binding proteins that assemble into homo- and hetero-oligomeric complexes and filaments. These higher order septin structures are thought to function like scaffolds and/or diffusion barriers serving as spatial localizers for many proteins with key roles in cell polarity and cell cycle progression. In this study, we extensively characterized septin interaction partners using yeast two-hybrid and three-hybrid systems in addition to precipitation analyses in platelets. As a result, we identified human hetero-trimeric septin complexes on a large scale, which had been only postulated in the past. In addition, we illustrated roles of SEPT9 that might contribute to hetero-trimeric septin complex formation. SEPT9 can substitute for septins of the SEPT2 group and partially for SEPT7. Mutagenic analyses revealed that mutation of a potential phosphorylation site in SEPT7 (Y318) regulates the interaction with other septins. We identified several septin-septin interactions in platelets suggesting a regulatory role of diverse septin complexes in platelet function.
Diagnosis and genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum by a DNA biosensor based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)
Authors: Potipitak Tiparat , Ngrenngarmlert Warunee , Promptmas Chamras , Chomean Sirinart , Ittarat Wanida 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background: Malaria infection with Plasmodium falciparum is an important basic health problem in the tropical and sub-tropical countries. The standard diagnostic method is blood film examination to visualize parasite morphology. However, in cases of low parasitemia or mixed infection with very low cryptic species, microscopy is not sensitive enough. Therefore, molecular techniques have been widely employed.

Methods: A label-free DNA biosensor based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to diagnose and genotype P. falciparum was developed. Avidin-biotin interaction was used to coat the specific biotinylated probe on the gold surface of QCM. The gene encoding merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2) was amplified and the PCR products were then cut with restriction enzyme (MwoI). Enzymatic cutting made the PCR products suitable for QCM development. Hybridization between probe and enzymatic cutting DNA fragments resulted in frequency changes of the QCM.

Results: The newly developed QCM was tested for its diagnosis ability using both malaria laboratory strains and clinical isolates. The biosensor was sensitive at the sub-nanogram level, specific for only P. falciparum detection, no cross-reaction with P. vivax, and stable at room temperature for up to 6 months. Selection of msp2 as a target gene and a geno-typing marker made the QCM potentially useful for falciparum diagnosis simultaneously with genotyping. Potency was tested by genotyping two allelic families of P. falciparum, FC27 and IC1, using malaria laboratory strains, K1 and 3D7, respectively.

Conclusions: The dual function QCM was successfully developed with high sensitivity and specificity, and was cost-effective, stable and field adaptable.
Influence of the adhesive formulation on the mechanical properties and bonding performance of polyurethane prepolymers
Authors: Clauß Sebastian , Gabriel Joseph , Karbach Alexander , Matner Mathias , Niemz Peter 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Only small amounts of additives are needed to formulate one-component polyurethane (1C PUR) adhesives for various applications. The current study illuminates the effects of the formulation on the mechanical properties of pure adhesives, on the one hand, and their performance in bonded wood joints on the other. Tensile shear tests on bonded wood joints, tensile tests on adhesive films, and nanoindentation measurements in the interphase region of the bond were performed. Analyses by means of infrared, atomic force, and electron microscopy provided the explanatory basis for the results obtained. Additionally to laboratory made 1C PUR, unmodified commercial 1C PUR, melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) were tested for comparison. The results obtained confirm that the mechanical properties of 1C PUR adhesives are significantly affected by their prepolymer composition. The adhesive formulation by means of additives, on the other hand, does not affect the mechanical properties but is to a large extent responsible for the bonding performance.
The effect of fiber dimensions on fiber network activation and tensile strength
Authors: Pulkkinen Iiro , Alopaeus Ville 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe objective of this work was to check the fiber network activation parameter developed earlier by the authors for eucalypt pulp fibers to predict technical properties of paper. The fiber size analyses were performed with an optical fiber analyzer that applies 2D image analysis techniques on single fibers. The effects of fiber length, fiber width, fiber wall thickness, and fiber curl distributions on the quality potential of eucalypt fibers were evaluated. Fiber curl and fiber wall thickness based parameters were found to have a high potential for evaluation of eucalypt fiber quality. The variations in technical properties of paper were explained with differences in fiber wall thickness and fiber curl distributions. When the model was tested against industrial long fiber pulps, a further modification for fiber length was needed. The Page tensile strength model and the shear-lag theory were applied for comparison of the results obtained by the network activation model. With the approach presented in this article, the strength characteristics of hardwood and softwood pulps can be easily evaluated based on fiber geometry and water retention value.
Synthesis and properties of resol-type phenol-formaldehyde resins prepared from H2SO4- and HCl-catalyzed phenol-liquefied Cryptomeria japonica wood
Authors: Lee Wen-Jau , Kang Chen-Ling , Chang Kuo-Chun , Chen Yi-Chun 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Wood of Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar) was liquefied in phenol with H2SO4 or HCl as catalysts and used as raw materials to prepare phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins. The curing behavior and adhesion properties of resins prepared were investigated. Wood liquefied with H2SO4 as a catalyst had better liquefaction effect than that with HCl; however, the reaction of resin synthesis was hard to control due to its quickly increasing viscosity. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis shows that PF resins prepared from HCl-catalyzed liquefied wood had higher reactivity than those of H2SO4-catalyzed wood. These PF resins were employed for manufacturing three-layer plywood. The wet bonding strength of plywood prepared with resins from HCl-catalyzed liquefied wood exceeded 0.7 MPa and fulfilled the requirement of the CNS 1349 standard.
Well-Being of Children With Neurologic Impairment After Fundoplication and Gastrojejunostomy Tube Feeding
Authors: Mahant Sanjay , Pastor Aimee C. , DeOliveira Laurie , Nicholas David B. , Langer Jacob C. 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND:
There is limited understanding on the impact of fundoplication or gastrojejunostomy tube (GJT) feeding in children with neurologic impairment who have swallowing dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and/or dysmotility.

OBJECTIVE:
To explore and understand the well-being of families and their children with neurologic impairment who had either a fundoplication or GJT.

METHODS:
This was a qualitative study using in-depth, individual interviews with parents of children with severe neurologic impairment who had either a fundoplication with gastrostomy or GJT. Parents' perceptions of daily life and QoL were explored in the context of the interventions. Interviews were transcribed, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS:
Children and their parents are profoundly impacted by the health condition of the children. QoL effects were similar across spheres of individual and family experience and well-being. Themes related to QoL were: physical health of the child and the future, intense caregiving needs, social isolation and stigma, pervasive impact on the family, financial strain, and the process of finding meaning. Fundoplication and GJT affected feeding tolerance and times, caregiving, and health care utilization. Parents identified how changes in these factors influenced child, parental, and family QoL.

CONCLUSIONS:
The diverse influences of the underlying condition and the interventions should be addressed in the delivery of health services. Future studies of the effectiveness of fundoplication and GJT feeding should address the well-being of the child and family, the impact on family caregiving, and health care utilization.
Impact of Sepsis on Neurodevelopmental Outcome in a Swiss National Cohort of Extremely Premature Infants
Authors: Schlapbach Luregn J. , Aebischer Maude , Adams Mark , Natalucci Giancarlo , Bonhoeffer Jan , Latzin Philipp , Nelle Mathias , Bucher Hans Ulrich , Latal Beatrice ,   the Swiss Neonatal Network and Follow-Up Group
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Neonatal sepsis causes high mortality and morbidity in preterm infants, but less is known regarding the long-term outcome after sepsis. This study aimed to determine the impact of sepsis on neurodevelopment at 2 years' corrected age in extremely preterm infants.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This was a multicenter Swiss cohort study on infants born between 2000 and 2007 at 2407 to 2767 weeks' gestational age. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–II. Neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) was defined as a Mental or Psychomotor Developmental Index lower than 70, cerebral palsy (CP), or visual or auditory impairment.

RESULTS:
Of 541 infants, 136 (25%) had proven sepsis, 169 (31%) had suspected sepsis, and 236 (44%) had no signs of infection. CP occurred in 14 of 136 (10%) infants with proven sepsis compared with 10 of 236 (4%) uninfected infants (odds ratio [OR]: 2.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–6.89]; P = .016). NDI occurred in 46 of 134 (34%) infants with proven sepsis compared with 55 of 235 (23%) uninfected infants (OR: 1.85 [95% CI: 1.12–3.05]; P = .016). Multivariable analysis confirmed that proven sepsis independently increased the risk of CP (OR: 3.23 [95% CI: 1.23–8.48]; P = .017) and NDI (OR: 1.69 [95% CI: 0.96–2.98]; P = .067). In contrast, suspected sepsis was not associated with neurodevelopmental outcome (P &gt; .05). The presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pathologic brain ultrasonography, retinopathy, and sepsis predicted the risk of NDI (P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Proven sepsis significantly contributes to NDI in extremely preterm infants, independent of other risk factors. Better strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of sepsis in this highly vulnerable population are needed.
Effectiveness of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine Against Severe Disease
Authors: Staat Mary Allen , Payne Daniel C. , Donauer Stephanie , Weinberg Geoffrey A. , Edwards Kathryn M. , Szilagyi Peter G. , Griffin Marie R. , Hall Caroline B. , Curns Aaron T. , Gentsch Jon R. , Salisbury Shelia , Fairbrother Gerry , Parashar Umesh D. ,   the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN)
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of complete and partial vaccination with the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) in the prevention of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations and emergency department visits during the first 3 rotavirus seasons after vaccine introduction.

METHODS:
Active, prospective population-based surveillance for AGE and acute respiratory infection (ARIs) in inpatient and emergency department settings provided subjects for a case-control evaluation of VE in 3 US counties from January 2006 through June 2009. Children with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus AGE (cases) were matched according to date of birth and onset of illness to 2 sets of controls: children with rotavirus-negative AGE and children with ARI. The main outcome measure was VE with complete (3 doses) or partial (1 or 2 doses) RV5 vaccination.

RESULTS:
Of age-eligible children enrolled, 18% of cases, 54% of AGE controls, and 54% of ARI controls received ≥1 dose of RV5. The VE of RV5 for 1, 2, and 3 doses against all rotavirus genotypes with the use of rotavirus-negative AGE controls was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37%–90%), 88% (95% CI: 66%–96%), and 87% (95% CI: 71%–94%), respectively, and with the use of ARI controls was 73% (95% CI: 43%–88%), 88% (95% CI: 68%–95%), and 85% (95% CI: 72%–91%), respectively. The overall VE estimates were comparable during the first and second years of life and against AGE caused by different rotavirus strains.

CONCLUSION:
RV5 was highly effective in preventing severe rotavirus disease, even after a partial series, with protection persisting throughout the second year of life.
Additional Ultrastructural Observations of the First Segments of Malpighian Tubules in Cenocorixa bifida (Hemiptera: Corixidae) in Relation to Reabsorption of Solutes
Authors: Jarial Mohinder S , Kelly-Worden Marie 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The ultrastructure of the first segment of the four-segmented Malpighian tubules of Cenocorixa bifida Hungerford (Hemiptera: Corixidae) is described. The first segment of each of the four tubules empties proximally into the midgut—hindgut junction. Its squamous epithelium is composed of a single layer of binucleated cells containing two types of mitochondria. The cells rest on a prominent basal lamina and possess short, shallow, widely spaced basal plasma membrane infoldings closely associated with large mitochondria and a few short blunt microvilli devoid of mitochondria projecting into the lumen. In sharp contrast, the fourth segment cells that are secretory in function, display numerous, long basal membrane infoldings that penetrate deeply into the cytoplasm and numerous long microvilli at the luminal border. The cytoplasm of the first segment cells contains dense bodies, small mitochondria, microtubules, vesicles, and vacuoles and is rich in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, giving rise to clear vacuoles, but rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi apparati are sparse. The apical plasma membrane is covered with glycocalyx and displays coated pits pinching off coated vesicles. The apical cytoplasm displays numerous vesicles containing fine granular material, smooth vesicles, dense tubules, large vacuoles, primary lysosomes, and multivesicular bodies. The lateral plasma membranes are linked by extensive junctional complexes each composed of an apical smooth septate junction, intercalated gap junctions, and a basal heterocellular scalariform junction. The contrast in ultrastructural features between of the first segment and fourth segment cells suggests that the first segment is involved in reabsorption than secretion of inorganic and organic solutes.
Bioluminescent Fat Body of Larval Aspisoma lineatum (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Firefly: Ontogenic Precursor of Lantern's Photogenic Tissue
Authors: Tonolli Paulo N , Okawachi Fernanda M , Abdalla Fábio C , Viviani Vadim R 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Previously, we found that the fat body of Aspisoma lineatum Gyll (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) firefly larvae is weakly bioluminescent. This tissue is very different from that of other insect larvae. It is macroscopically distinguished by its color (pinkish and whitish), morphology, and the absence of oenocytes. It is composed of trophocytes that are arranged in groups of globular units covered by a layer of basal lamina. The cytochemistry indicated that the trophocytes have glycoproteins, which are produced by a well-developed rough endoplasm reticulum (RER). Expanded RER cisterns indicated intense protein synthesis by the trophocytes. Lipid droplets are also present in the trophocytes. Charge-coupled device imaging showed that the fat body produces a continuous bioluminescence whose intensity is 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than that of the lanterns, a result that is explained by the lower contents of luciferin and luciferase in the fat body compared with the lanterns. Expression of different luciferase isozymes in the fat body and lanterns is confirmed by bioluminescence spectral and kinetic analyses. Trophocytes were identified as the emitting cells, suggesting that the larval and adult lantern's photocytes may have evolved from fat body trophocytes.
Suitability of Monocots for Rearing Alien Coconut Pest Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Sugeno W , Kawazu K , Takano S , Nakamura S , Mochizuki A 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The suitability for larval development of the alien coconut pest Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on the following 15 monocots was investigated. Arecaceae: Cocos nucifera, Trachycarpus wagnerianus; Typhaceae: Sparganium erectum, Typha latifolia; Poaceae: Avena sativa, Echinochloa esculenta, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays; and Cyperaceae: Carex morrowii, Cyperus alternifolius, Cyperus esculentus, Cyperus serotinus, and Rhynchospora colorata. The larval survival rate to the adult stage was significantly higher when reared on C. esculentus and C. serotinus (95%); however, it was not significantly different compared with C. nucifera (75%). Sixty, 45, 45, and 10% were observed when reared on T. wagnerianus, S. erectum, T. latifolia, and C. alternifolius, respectively. The larval developmental period reared on C. serotinus was as short as on C. esculentus and on C. nucifera up to adult emergence. The fecundity of adults was examined using C. nucifera, T. wagnerianus, T. latifolia, C. esculentus, and C. serotinus as food plants. In these five plants, the females reared on T. wagnerianus started to lay eggs earliest. However, the preoviposition periods on C. esculentus and C. serotinus were not significantly different from those on C. nucifera and T. latifolia. Numbers of eggs laid per female did not differ significantly among these five plants. Our present results suggest that T. wagnerianus, C. esculentus, and C. serotinus can be used as new food plants in addition to C. nucifera and T. latifolia for rearing B. longissima.
Biology of the Invasive Banded Elm Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Western United States
Authors: Lee Jana C , Negrón José F , McElwey Sally J , Williams Livy , Witcosky Jeffrey J , Popp John B , Seybold Steven J 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), native to Asia, was detected in the United States in 2003, and as of 2011 it is known to occur in 28 states and four Canadian provinces. S. schevyrewi infests the same elm (Ulmus spp.) hosts as the long-established invasive, the European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham). Information on the basic biology of S. schevyrewi in its native range is sparse; thus, we conducted laboratory studies and field studies in Colorado and Nevada. Comparisons of flight and behavioral responses were made with co-occurring S. multistriatus. When Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., cut logs (bolts) were allowed to be colonized by wild populations in the field, S. schevyrewi did not differ in emergence density from 10- versus 24-cm-diameter bolts. In the laboratory, S. schevyrewi readily colonized bolts of American elm, Ulmus americana L., but not Chinese elm, Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.; Siberian peashrub, Caragana arborescens Lam.; a cherry, Prunus fontanesiana (Spach) C. K. Schneid.; or Russian olive, Elaeagnus angustifolia L. In Colorado, S. schevyrewi often landed on elm bolts between 12:00 p.m. and 4 p.m.; and near large elm trees, they were captured more frequently on sticky traps at 1.8 and 3.7 m aboveground than higher along the main stem. In Colorado/Nevada, S. schevyrewi initiated flight in April/March and ceased in October/September, whereas S. multistriatus initiated flight in April/May and ceased in October/September. In funnel trap flight assays of semiochemicals in Colorado or Nevada, S. schevyrewi had moderate responses, 3–10-fold greater than unbaited control traps, to Multilure (a commercial lure for S. multistriatus), 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB) + multistriatin, and MB + a plant extract that is included in a commercial formulation of Multilure. In contrast, S. multistriatus had a 226–259-fold greater response to Multilure than to the control. Both Scolytus species showed electroantennographic (EAG) responses to MB, racemic multistriatin, and (+)- and (-)-α-inene, with the greatest sensitivity to multistriatin. S. schevyrewi was more responsive to (-)-α-pinene than was S. multistriatus.