bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local-strain-induced CO2 adsorption geometries and electrochemical reduction pathway shift
Authors: Liu Chuhao , Bu Yifan , Xu Yifei , Mahmood Azhar , Xie Jisheng , Fu Yifan , Li Shiyun , Peng Cheng , Wu Yue , Liang Xiao , Zong Ruilong , Li Wan-Lu , Zhou Jihan , Xu Bingjun , Niu Li , Li Mufan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Unravelling the influence of strain and geometric effects on the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) on Cu-based (or Pd-based) alloys remains challenging due to complex local microenvironment variables. Herein, we employ two PdCu alloys (nanoparticles and nanodendrites) to demonstrate how CO2RR selectivity can shift from CO to HCOO−. Despite sharing consistent phases, exposed crystal facets, and overall oxidative states, these alloys exhibit different local strain profiles due to their distinct geometries. By integrating experimental data, in-situ spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, we revealed that CO2 prefers adsorption on tensile-strained areas with carbon-side geometry, following a *COOH-to-CO pathway. Conversely, on some compressive-strained regions induced by the dendrite-like morphology, CO2 adopts an oxygen-side geometry, favoring an *OCHO-to-HCOO pathway due to the downshift of the d-band center. Notably, our findings elucidate a dominant *OCHO-to-HCOO− pathway in catalysts when featuring both adsorption geometries. This research provides a comprehensive model for local environment of bimetallic alloys, and establishes a clear relationship between the CO2RR pathway shift and variation in local strain environments of PdCu alloys.
Differential Responses to Cigarette Package Labeling Alternatives Among Adults Who Smoke: Results From a Randomized Trial
Authors: Thrasher James F , Hackworth Emily E , Ferguson Stuart G , Xiong Liyan , Kim Minji , Yang Chih-Hsiang , Hammond David , Sun Yanwen , Hardin James W , Niederdeppe Jeff 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Little experimental research has evaluated whether the effects of cigarette package inserts with efficacy messages and/or pictorial health warning labels (PHWLs) differ across key subgroups of adults who smoke.

Aims and Methods
Adults who reported currently smoking (n = 367) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Small text-only HWLs on pack sides (control); inserts with efficacy messages and small HWLs (inserts-only); PHWLs showing harms of smoking (PHWLs-only); both (inserts + PHWLs). Participants received a 14-day supply of cigarettes labeled to reflect their group. Every evening over 2 weeks, participants reported forgoing and stubbing out cigarettes before they finished smoking over the prior 24 hours, combined into a binary indicator of either behavior (eg, forgoing/stubbing). Separate mixed-effects logistic models were estimated to evaluate moderation of labeling group contrasts (ie, PHWLs vs not; inserts vs. not; inserts-only vs. inserts + PHWLs; PHWLs-only vs. inserts + PHWLs) by baseline covariates (self-efficacy to quit, intention to quit, education, health literacy, and time discounting), predicting day-level forgoing/stubbing.

Results
Education moderated PHWL effects, with PHWLs predicting more forgoing/stubbing only among those with low education (OR = 4.68, p &lt; .001). Time discounting moderated insert effects, with inserts promoting forgoing/stubbing only among those with low time discounting (ie, lower impulsivity; OR = 4.35, p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Inserts with efficacy messages appear effective mostly among people with low time discounting, whereas PHWLs appear most effective among those with low education, suggesting their potential to address education-related disparities. Labeling strategies appeared equally effective across subgroups defined by self-efficacy to quit, quit intention, and health literacy. Combining inserts with PHWLs did not appear to mitigate moderation effects.

Implications
This randomized trial with adults who smoke suggests that cigarette packs with inserts describing cessation benefits and tips can promote cessation-related behaviors (ie, forgoing or stubbing out cigarettes) among those with low-time discounting (ie, low impulsivity). Alternative interventions may be needed for people with high-time discounting, as found in cessation trials. PHWLs appear most effective among those with low education, potentially addressing education-related disparities. No differential effects were found for those with different levels of self-efficacy to quit, quit intentions, or health literacy. Combining inserts and PHWLs may not be more effective than either alone.
Canonizing al-Furūq: Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī’s Text on Legal Maxims
Authors: Saba Elias G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Anwār al-burūq fī anwāʾ al-furūq by the Mālikī Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī (d. 684/1285) is one of the most famous legal texts written in Mamluk Cairo. This article explores two issues with this canonical work: (i) it does not align with the generic constraints of the legal distinctions genre and (ii) the problems that early commentators found with it. First, the article discusses the text in terms of its form and content to show how the work should be understood as a work of substantive legal maxims (qawāʿid). Second, the article analyses the problems that two Mālikī commentators, Muḥammad al-Baqqūrī (d. 707/1307-08) and Ibn al-Shāṭṭ (d. 723/1323), found with al-Qarāfī’s text. Put together, these two threads highlight the pioneering nature of al-Qarāfī’s text. At the same time, something about this new text made contemporary Mālikīs uneasy about the text, even as they gave Anwār al-burūq a privileged position within the Mālikī canon. It ends with a brief discussion of the modern resonances of this text.
CDPK5 and CDPK13 play key roles in acclimation to low oxygen through the control of RBOH-mediated ROS production in rice
Authors: Li Jingxia , Ishii Takahiro , Yoshioka Miki , Hino Yuta , Nomoto Mika , Tada Yasuomi , Yoshioka Hirofumi , Takahashi Hirokazu , Yamauchi Takaki , Nakazono Mikio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE (CDPK) stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling by activating RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG (RBOH). The lysigenous aerenchyma is a gas space created by cortical cell death that facilitates oxygen diffusion from the shoot to the root tips. Previously, we showed that RBOHH is indispensable for the induction of aerenchyma formation in rice (Oryza sativa) roots under low-oxygen conditions. Here, we showed that CDPK5 and CDPK13 localize to the plasma membrane where RBOHH functions. Mutation analysis of the serine at residues 92 and 107 of RBOHH revealed that these residues are required for CDPK5- and CDPK13-mediated activation of ROS production. The requirement of Ca2+ for CDPK5 and CDPK13 function was confirmed using in vitro kinase assays. CRISPR/Cas9-based mutagenesis of CDPK5 and/or CDPK13 revealed that the double knockout almost completely suppressed inducible aerenchyma formation, whereas the effects were limited in the single knockout of either CDPK5 or CDPK13. Interestingly, the double knockout almost suppressed the induction of adventitious root formation, which is widely conserved in vascular plants, under low-oxygen conditions. Our results suggest that CDPKs are essential for the acclimation of rice to low-oxygen conditions and also for many other plant species conserving CDPK-targeted phosphorylation sites in RBOH homologs.
Dissociation of transcription factor MYB94 and histone deacetylases HDA907/908 alleviates oxidative damage in poplar
Authors: Kong Xiangge , Chen Yao , Li Huanhuan , Li Menghan , Liu Xuejiao , Xia Linchao , Zhang Sheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Drought is one of the major threats to forest productivity. Oxidation stress is common in drought-stressed plants, and plants need to maintain normal life activities through complex reactive oxygen scavenging mechanisms. However, the molecular links between epigenetics, oxidation stress, and drought in poplar (Populus) remain poorly understood. Here, we found that Populus plants overexpressing PtrMYB94, which encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor that regulates the abscisic acid signaling pathway, displayed increased tolerance to extreme drought stress via upregulation of embryogenic cell phosphoprotein 44 (PtrECPP44) expression. Further investigation revealed that PtrMYB94 could recruit the histone deacetylases PtrHDA907/908 to the promoter of PtrECPP44 and decrease acetylation at lysine residues 9, 14, and 27 of histone H3, leading to relatively low transcriptional expression levels under normal conditions. Drought induced the expression of PtrMYB94 while preventing interaction of PtrMYB94 with PtrHDA907/908, which relaxed the chromatin structure and facilitated the binding of RNA polymerase II to the PtrECPP44 promoter. The upregulation of PtrECPP44 helped poplar alleviate oxidative damage and maintain normal cell activities. This study establishes a PtrMYB94-PtrECPP44 transcriptional regulatory module modified by PtrHDA907/908 in modulating drought-induced oxidative stress recovery. Therefore, our study reveals an oxidative regulatory mechanism in response to drought stress and provides insights into molecular breeding for stress resistance in poplar.
Structural dynamics of plant–pollinator mutualistic networks
Authors: Lampo Aniello , Palazzi María J , Borge-Holthoefer Javier , Solé-Ribalta Albert 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The discourse surrounding the structural organization of mutualistic interactions mostly revolves around modularity and nestedness. The former is known to enhance the stability of communities, while the latter is related to their feasibility, albeit compromising the stability. However, it has recently been shown that the joint emergence of these structures poses challenges that can eventually lead to limitations in the dynamic properties of mutualistic communities. We hypothesize that considering compound arrangements—modules with internal nested organization—can offer valuable insights in this debate. We analyze the temporal structural dynamics of 20 plant–pollinator interaction networks and observe large structural variability throughout the year. Compound structures are particularly prevalent during the peak of the pollination season, often coexisting with nested and modular arrangements in varying degrees. Motivated by these empirical findings, we synthetically investigate the dynamics of the structural patterns across two control parameters—community size and connectance levels—mimicking the progression of the pollination season. Our analysis reveals contrasting impacts on the stability and feasibility of these mutualistic communities. We characterize the consistent relationship between network structure and stability, which follows a monotonic pattern. But, in terms of feasibility, we observe nonlinear relationships. Compound structures exhibit a favorable balance between stability and feasibility, particularly in mid-sized ecological communities, suggesting they may effectively navigate the simultaneous requirements of stability and feasibility. These findings may indicate that the assembly process of mutualistic communities is driven by a delicate balance among multiple properties, rather than the dominance of a single one.
How to successfully secure a higher speciality training post in the United Kingdom: dermatology focus
Authors: Aboluwarin Oluwamayowa , Fong Wei Chern Gavin , Panthagani Anusha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Navigating the labyrinthine process of securing higher speciality training poses formidable challenges for doctors in training. Achieving success in this endeavour demands more than a mere grasp of the prerequisites; it necessitates meticulous preparation and foresight. Dermatology, as a medical speciality, stands out on account of its appeal, encompassing a diverse patient population, expansive scope of work, work-life balance, a plethora of procedural variety, intellectual stimulation, and abundant research opportunities. Despite the evolving landscape of medical professions, dermatology maintains its appeal as an exceptionally sought-after speciality in the year 2023/2024. This is evident in the escalating competition ratios, rising from 5.46 in 2021 to 7.53 in 2023 for dermatology training posts. Notably, this fervent competition is not exclusive to dermatology, as evidenced by the competition ratios such as Emergency Medicine ST3 (competition ratio 10.95), Immunology ST3 (competition ratio 6.00), Occupational Medicine (competition ratio 7.14), and Plastic Surgery ST3 (competition ratio 4.23) in the 2023/2024 application cycle. In light of this intensifying competition, this article seeks to furnish aspiring candidates with current and invaluable insights, serving as a guide to clinching a coveted national training number in their preferred speciality. While the landscape of higher speciality training encompasses numerous possibilities, this article concentrates primarily on dermatology, intertwining its guidance with relevance to other medical and surgical specialties. Through this exploration, readers will gain essential perspectives to navigate the intricacies of the application process and emerge as competitive contenders in the higher speciality training application process.
Dealing with potentials and drawbacks of peer review panels: About the intertwined layers of determinacy and indeterminacy
Authors: Philipps Axel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To improve evaluation processes in science, scholars of grant peer review and science policy often problematize that factors such as emotions, group dynamics, and informal arrangements influence panel discussions. They emphasize their negative effects on scientifically grounded deliberations and search for solutions to decrease such impacts. By doing this, these scholars easily play down positive effects of emotion work and informal talks during panel sessions and seem less encouraged to study the interplay of formally organized and more informal exchanges. To take both into consideration, in this essay I outline a concept of review processes as intertwined layers of determinacy and indeterminacy. It proposes that determinate outcomes of panel discussions (e.g. definite judgements, funding recommendations) can only be understood relative to the process’s indeterminacy (contextual vagueness such as informal talk, emotion work, tacit compromises). This theoretical framework (1) will help analytically to investigate indeterminacy in review panel processes as a whole as well as in panelists’ situated scientific reasonings and (2) will generate knowledge for more effective evaluation management.
Intergenerational educational mobility and anti-system support: the journey matters
Authors: McNeil Andrew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Educational attainment is one of the most prominent political cleavages in society, and a key determinant of anti-system party support. To what extent this is a result of one’s own educational attainment, one’s parents’ educational attainment, or the status loss or gain from educational mobility is unclear. I analyse the European Social Survey with diagonal reference models, which separate origin and destination effects from mobility effects. My findings show that one’s parental educational origins are an important predictor of anti-system right support. There is an additional mobility effect, upward educational mobility reduces support for the anti-system right whereas downward mobility increases support. Contrastingly, anti-system left support does not appear to derive from parental educational origin or educational mobility experience, perhaps suggesting that it derives instead from a wider cross-section of society. Finally, I show that origin effects on anti-system right support are consistent across Western European countries.
Fatherhood and men’s working hours in a part-time economy
Authors: Zwier Dieuwke , Kalmijn Matthijs , Bol Thijs 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
How do fathers adjust their working hours after the birth of their first child? Though the impact of childbirth on women’s employment is well-established, less is known about its effect on fathers. We investigate this question in the Netherlands (2006–2017), a country characterized by high prevalence of part-time work. We focus on two contexts that might shape the extent to which first-time fathers reduce their working hours after childbirth: the household and the organization. For this purpose, we use detailed longitudinal register data. The results reveal that men’s employment displays a high degree of stability around childbirth: even in the Dutch “part-time economy,” the vast majority of fathers remain full-time employed. We do find substantial heterogeneity in labor market responses after childbirth. Fathers earning relatively less than their partner pre-childbirth are more likely to scale down their working hours. The organizational gender composition is also associated with work hours reductions following childbirth. Although we find that fathers’ employment is contingent on both the household and organizational context, the substantial stability in men’s labor supply remains an obstacle to a more equal division of (un)paid labor.
Moral A-Listers in a Moral Economy of Suspicion: Promoting Gender Projects, Re-establishing the Gender Order, and Forging Gendered Subjectivities on Online US Spousal Reunification Forums
Authors: Longo Gina Marie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates how privileged petitioners applying for “green cards” for foreign national spouses uphold the US gender order and gender project when navigating the spousal reunification process. This work troubles the dichotomy within the literature between the all-empowered state and the wholly disempowered petitioners. Using content analysis of an online forum where petitioners exchange advice with others, I show the privileged petitioners enthusiastically engage in upholding the racialized gender hierarchy of the United States. Ultimately, as privileged petitioners broker immigration policy, they engage in state-building and nation-building practices that reaffirm their own privilege, which they feel is fleeting and must be re-established. Unlike less-privileged petitioners who discipline themselves to align with the state’s ideal of what a proper future nation should look like, these petitioners try to discipline others’ by constructing gendered subjectivities and forging racialized femininities that serve to uphold and legitimate the petitioners’ place in within the social hierarchy and the household.
Beyond the discomfort: understanding and managing sexual pain in women, a comprehensive case-based discussion
Authors: Ali Muna , Fraker Jessica , Sobel Talia , Vegunta Suneela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual pain has a profound impact on individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity, and affects women more often than men. It adversely affects both sexual function and interpersonal relationships. Despite its prevalence, sexual pain in women often remains unaddressed and untreated. Various underlying causes contribute to sexual pain, sometimes involving multiple factors. We explore treatment options and offer clinical insights into the evaluation and management of 4 common conditions which cause sexual pain in women. In this article, we use the term “women” to indicate cisgender women.

Objectives
Our aim is to highlight the most common clinical scenarios of sexual pain and provide comprehensive discussions on each, to improve patient care and outcomes in the management of sexual pain.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive review of literature and clinical cases to explore the various causes and management strategies for sexual pain in women. We systematically searched databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant medical journals. We included peer-reviewed articles, case studies, and clinical trials published between 2000 and 2023. Additionally, we analyzed real-life cases from our clinical practice at our academic institution.

Results
Our review identified various factors contributing to sexual pain in women, ranging from hormonal imbalances to neuroproliferative and inflammatory conditions affecting the genitourinary system. Each case should be approached individually to offer optimal management strategies accordingly.

Conclusion
The management of sexual pain in women requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the multifactorial nature of the condition. Patient education and counseling play a crucial role in the management of sexual pain, empowering individuals to advocate for their own health and well-being. The collaboration between healthcare providers and patients can improve our understanding and management of this complex condition.
Corylin alleviated sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction via attenuating inflammation through downregulation of microRNA-214-5p
Authors: Li Chunyan , Hou Daorong , Huang Yanhong , Liu Yifan , Li Yong , Wang Cheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Corylin, a natural flavonoid, is isolated from the fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L. Nevertheless, the effect of corylin on sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine the role and mechanism of corylin in sepsis related cardiac dysfunction.

Methods
Experiments were carried out on mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or myocardial cell sepsis induced by LPS.

Results
Administration of corylin improved cardiac dysfunction induced by LPS or CLP in mice. Corylin inhibited the increases of interleukin-1 (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the heart of mice with LPS or CLP. LPS elevated the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in cardiomyocytes, which were inhibited by corylin treatment. Corylin attenuated the increases of microRNA (miRNA)-214-5p in the heart of mice with LPS, CLP, LPS-treated NRCMs, H9c2 and AC16 cells. Administration of miRNA-214-5p agomiR reversed the improving effects of corylin on the damaged cardiac function and the increases of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in mice treated with LPS.

Conclusion
These outcomes indicated that corylin improved sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation. And corylin inhibited inflammation of sepsis by decreasing miRNA-214-5p. Downregulation of miRNA-214-5p improved sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction and inhibited inflammatory factors.