bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creatine and l-carnitine attenuate muscular laminopathy in the LMNA mutation transgenic zebrafish
Authors: Pan Shao-Wei , Wang Horng-Dar , Hsiao He-Yun , Hsu Po-Jui , Tseng Yung-Che , Liang Wen-Chen , Jong Yuh-Jyh , Yuh Chiou-Hwa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations contribute to severe striated muscle laminopathies, affecting cardiac and skeletal muscles, with limited treatment options. In this study, we delve into the investigations of five distinct LMNA mutations, including three novel variants and two pathogenic variants identified in patients with muscular laminopathy. Our approach employs zebrafish models to comprehensively study these variants. Transgenic zebrafish expressing wild-type LMNA and each mutation undergo extensive morphological profiling, swimming behavior assessments, muscle endurance evaluations, heartbeat measurement, and histopathological analysis of skeletal muscles. Additionally, these models serve as platform for focused drug screening. We explore the transcriptomic landscape through qPCR and RNAseq to unveil altered gene expression profiles in muscle tissues. Larvae of LMNA(L35P), LMNA(E358K), and LMNA(R453W) transgenic fish exhibit reduced swim speed compared to LMNA(WT) measured by DanioVision. All LMNA transgenic adult fish exhibit reduced swim speed compared to LMNA(WT) in T-maze. Moreover, all LMNA transgenic adult fish, except LMNA(E358K), display weaker muscle endurance than LMNA(WT) measured by swimming tunnel. Histochemical staining reveals decreased fiber size in all LMNA mutations transgenic fish, excluding LMNA(WT) fish. Interestingly, LMNA(A539V) and LMNA(E358K) exhibited elevated heartbeats. We recognize potential limitations with transgene overexpression and conducted association calculations to explore its effects on zebrafish phenotypes. Our results suggest lamin A/C overexpression may not directly impact mutant phenotypes, such as impaired swim speed, increased heart rates, or decreased muscle fiber diameter. Utilizing LMNA zebrafish models for drug screening, we identify l-carnitine treatment rescuing muscle endurance in LMNA(L35P) and creatine treatment reversing muscle endurance in LMNA(R453W) zebrafish models. Creatine activates AMPK and mTOR pathways, improving muscle endurance and swim speed in LMNA(R453W) fish. Transcriptomic profiling reveals upstream regulators and affected genes contributing to motor dysfunction, cardiac anomalies, and ion flux dysregulation in LMNA mutant transgenic fish. These findings faithfully mimic clinical manifestations of muscular laminopathies, including dysmorphism, early mortality, decreased fiber size, and muscle dysfunction in zebrafish. Furthermore, our drug screening results suggest l-carnitine and creatine treatments as potential rescuers of muscle endurance in LMNA(L35P) and LMNA(R453W) zebrafish models. Our study offers valuable insights into the future development of potential treatments for LMNA-related muscular laminopathy.
Analysis and removal of bisphenols in recycled plastics using polyethylene glycol
Authors: Núñez Samuel S. , Ortuño Núria , Fernández-Durán Sabrina , Moltó Julia , Conesa Juan A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines the presence of bisphenol A (BPA), S (BPS), F (BPF), and M (BPM) in various recycled plastics readily available on the market (LDPE, HDPE, PET, and PP), in light of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) limits. Twenty samples of different origin are analyzed, cleaning treatments are applied, and the migration potential of these bisphenols into food is studied. BPM is absent in all samples, but a post-consumer recycled LDPE sample reveals high bisphenol concentrations, raising concerns, reaching 8540 ng/g, 370 ng/g, and 29 ng/g of BPA, BPS, and BPF, respectively. Migration tests show substantial migration of these contaminants into food simulants. Using a cleaning treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) reduces BPA in LDPE, HDPE, PP, and PET samples by 95%, 99%, 97% and 28%, respectively, highlighting the importance of cleaning treatments across various polymers in plastic recycling. These findings not only protect food safety but addressing environmental challenges associated with plastic recycling.
An improved multiphase chemistry mechanism for methylamines: significant dimethylamine cloud production
Authors: Hoffmann Erik H. , Tilgner Andreas , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMonomethylamine (MMA), dimethylamine (DMA), and trimethylamine (TMA) are important compounds for atmospheric key processes, e.g., new particle formation (NPF). A description of their multiphase chemical processing within atmospheric models is incomplete, but mandatory to describe their atmospheric budgets. In this study, a detailed multiphase chemistry mechanism was developed and first process model investigations were performed. The simulations focused on pristine marine conditions, where open research questions exist regarding ambient gas-phase concentrations of methylamines, particularly with regards to unexpectedly high DMA levels. The simulations reveal that TMA oxidation in cloud droplets results into DMA formation with a yield of around 87%, a missing DMA production pathway in current models. Also, it is demonstrated that about 21% and 69% of the respective DMA and TMA gas-phase oxidation proceed via autoxidation yielding HOOCH2NHCHO and HOOCH2N(CHO)CH2OOH, respectively. The discussed processes should be included into atmospheric models for advanced predictions of NPF and climate impacts.
Precision engineering of nano-assemblies in superfluid helium by the use of van der Waals forces
Authors: Topcu Gokhan , Al Hindawi Aula M. A. , Feng Cheng , Spence Daniel , Sitorus Berlian , Liu Hanqing , Ellis Andrew M. , Yang Shengfu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ability to precisely engineer nanostructures underpins a wide range of applications in areas such as electronics, optics, and biomedical sciences. Here we present a novel approach for the growth of nanoparticle assemblies that leverages the unique properties of superfluid helium. Unlike viscous solvents at or near room temperature, superfluid helium provides an unperturbed and cold environment in which weak van der Waals interactions between molecular templates and metal atoms become significant and can define the spatial arrangement of nanoparticles. To demonstrate this concept, diol and porphyrin-based molecules are employed as templates to grow gold nanoparticle assemblies in superfluid helium droplets. After soft-landing on a solid surface to remove the helium, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging shows the growth of gold nanoparticles at specific binding sites within the molecular templates where the interaction between gold atoms and the molecular template is at its strongest.
Decarbonization potential of floating solar photovoltaics on lakes worldwide
Authors: Woolway R. Iestyn , Zhao Gang , Rocha Sofia Midauar Gondim , Thackeray Stephen J. , Armstrong Alona 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs climate change progresses, there is increasing emphasis on net zero and energy system decarbonization. Several technologies are contributing to this agenda, but among these, the growth of solar photovoltaics has consistently exceeded all projections. With increasing land-use pressures, and the expense of building-mounted photovoltaics, water surfaces are increasingly being exploited to host these technologies. However, to date, we lack an understanding of the global potential of floating solar photovoltaics and, as such, we do not yet have sufficient insight to inform decisions on (in)appropriate areas for future deployment. Here we quantify the energy generation potential of floating solar photovoltaics on over 1 million water bodies worldwide (14,906 TWh). Our analysis suggests that with a conservative 10% surface area coverage, floating solar photovoltaics could produce sufficient energy to contribute a considerable fraction (16%, on average) of the electricity demand of some countries, thus playing an important role in decarbonizing national economies.
WaveSeg‐UNet model for overlapped nuclei segmentation from multi‐organ histopathology images
Authors: Khan Hameed Ullah , Raza Basit , Khan Muhammad Asad Iqbal , Faheem Muhammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNuclei segmentation is a challenging task in histopathology images. It is challenging due to the small size of objects, low contrast, touching boundaries, and complex structure of nuclei. Their segmentation and counting play an important role in cancer identification and its grading. In this study, WaveSeg‐UNet, a lightweight model, is introduced to segment cancerous nuclei having touching boundaries. Residual blocks are used for feature extraction. Only one feature extractor block is used in each level of the encoder and decoder. Normally, images degrade quality and lose important information during down‐sampling. To overcome this loss, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) alongside max‐pooling is used in the down‐sampling process. Inverse DWT is used to regenerate original images during up‐sampling. In the bottleneck of the proposed model, atrous spatial channel pyramid pooling (ASCPP) is used to extract effective high‐level features. The ASCPP is the modified pyramid pooling having atrous layers to increase the area of the receptive field. Spatial and channel‐based attention are used to focus on the location and class of the identified objects. Finally, watershed transform is used as a post processing technique to identify and refine touching boundaries of nuclei. Nuclei are identified and counted to facilitate pathologists. The same domain of transfer learning is used to retrain the model for domain adaptability. Results of the proposed model are compared with state‐of‐the‐art models, and it outperformed the existing studies.
Klinisches Krisenmanagement im Krankenhaus – Kommunikation und
Leadership als Schlüsselgrößen der organisationalen Resilienz
Authors: Zuchowski Matthias Lukas , Henzler Dennis , Lauerer Michael , Göller Aydan , Yang Mia Jiming , Flohr Johanna , Alscher Mark Dominik , Nagel Eckhard 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Die Studie untersucht Schlüsselfaktoren zur Bewältigung von
Krisensituationen in einem Krankenhaus und leitet Empfehlungen zur Stärkung der
organisationalen Resilienz ab.
Methodik Zweistufige Umfrage unterteilt in Mitarbeitende (n=670) und
Expert:innen (n=42) zu Erfolgsfaktoren und strategischen Empfehlungen zur
Krisenbewältigung.
Ergebnisse Organisationale Resilienz wird erheblich von Führungs- und
Kommunikationsmaßnahmen beeinflusst. Auch der Aufbau einer modularen und
flexiblen Gebäudeinfrastruktur, die Bevorratung wichtiger IT-Ressourcen, sowie
ein robustes Zulieferernetzwerk können als wichtige Resilienzfaktoren betrachtet
werden.
Schlussfolgerung Führung und Resilienz stehen im engen Verhältnis
zueinander. Infrastrukturelle Faktoren als Vorhalteleistung stehen im
Spannungsverhältnis zur derzeitigen Krankenhausfinanzierungsmodellen.
Spontaneous Resolution of Acute Subdural Hematoma in a Patient with Thrombocytopenia: A Blessing in Disguise
Authors: Singh Guramritpal , Verma Pawan Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcute subdural hematoma (SDH) constitutes one of the most common emergencies in neurosurgery and its spontaneous resolution is an uncommon phenomenon. Several theories have been described to explain this phenomenon including redistribution of subdural blood, dilution by cerebrospinal fluid, and brain atrophy. Rapid resolution of acute SDH related to thrombocytopenia is a rare phenomenon. We report a case of a patient who showed rapid resolution of acute SDH with thrombocytopenia and also discuss such a rare case with speculation of the thrombocytopenia as a factor to promote this phenomenon.
Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Raj Sumit , Thanneeru Suresh K , Mondithokha Sukumar , Chouksey Pradeep , Janjua Tariq , Singh Bharti , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Yunus Md , Agrawal Amit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern. Standard care involves conservative management and pharmacological and surgical interventions. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a potential treatment for TBI, with varied findings in the literature. Our systematic review aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of HBOT in TBI management, addressing existing knowledge gaps and providing insights for clinical practice and future research.
Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Central Cochrane Registry of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library), and ScienceDirect databases for the role of HBOT in TBI. We included studies involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Quasi-randomized controlled studies, prospective, retrospective observational studies, case series, case reports, letters, editorials, comments, animal studies, and studies from non-English literature were excluded.
Results After identifying 306 articles, we narrowed it to 8 for qualitative synthesis. The studies were categorized into subgroups: those on patients with an acute history of cerebral injury and those with a history of mild TBI. The combined RCTs involved 651 patients (326 in the first subgroup, 325 in the second). Despite a uniform HBOT session duration of 60 minutes, variations in compression, decompression phases, and pressure used (1.5ATA to 2.5ATA) hindered meta-analysis comparability. Outcome measures differed, complicating comparisons. Overall, HBOT appears beneficial in the first group and less so in the second. Complications are primarily pulmonary, which include dyspnea, cyanosis, hyperoxic pneumonia, and increased fraction of inspired oxygen requirement.
Conclusion Our study encountered challenges in reaching definitive conclusions due to outcome variability among the included studies. Despite mixed results, HBOT shows potential benefits for acute TBI patients. Conversely, our findings suggest the limited efficacy of HBOT for chronic traumatic brain injury patients. Further research is crucial, particularly exploring diverse HBOT treatment protocols to establish optimal pressure levels and the required number of sessions for effective outcomes
Elucidating Genes and Transcription Factors of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Involved in the Cellular Response upon Exposure to Ionizing Radiation for Biodosimetry and Triage: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Gollapalli Pavan , Radhakrishna Vishakh , N. Suchetha Kumari , Gnanasekaran Tamizh Selvan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Gene expression–based biodosimetry is a promising method for estimating radiation dose following exposure. A panel of highly radio-responsive genes in human peripheral blood was used in the current investigation to create and evaluate a unique gene expression–based radiological biodosimetry method.
Methodology In human cellular research, we reviewed the literature on genes and proteins correlating to radiation response in vivo and in vitro. We looked at two publicly accessible independent radiation response gene expression profiles (GSE1977 and GSE1725) and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
Results The obtained data exhibited 42 genes with substantial differential expression, 25 of which were upregulated and 17 of which were downregulated in ionizing radiation exposure groups compared with control groups. The gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the hub genes are significantly involved in the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle phase transition, regulation of the mitotic cell cycle, and mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling. Out of the 42 DEGs, four top genes (CDK1, CCNB1, UBC, and UBB) were obtained through network centrality features. However, the multicomponent filtering procedure for radiation response genes resulted in cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) as a critical gene in the dataset curated.
Conclusion Our findings suggest the possibility of discovering novel gene connections involved in the cellular response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes upon exposure to ionizing radiation.
Prenatal Diagnosis of a Right Atrial Appendage Aneurysm: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Miranda Jezid , Villalobo Dulce María , Alfieri Nikita , Contreras Brenda , Vergara Gabriel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Congenital malformations of the right atrium are rare heart defects with only a few cases described prenatally. Early diagnosis of these anomalies is becoming increasingly important for proper follow-up and due to the possibility of serious complications such as supraventricular arrhythmia, thromboembolic events, and sudden death.
Objective The atrial appendage aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the atrial appendage. It is considered an extremely rare congenital anomaly. However, this condition is clinically significant because it leads to atrial arrhythmias, recurrent emboli, heart failure, and chest pain. In addition, it is possible to recognize AAA prenatally with fetal echocardiography, even if it rarely happens. However, few fetal AAA cases have been reported in the literature.
Study Design We report a case of a fetal AAA; diagnosed prenatally and with postnatal confirmation. We undertook a systematic review of studies on fetal AAA to synthesize available knowledge on diagnosing and managing this rare condition.
Results A total of eight studies describing 24 patients were identified and analyzed.
Conclusion Despite their rarity, fetal atrial appendage aneurysms necessitate early detect on due to associated severe complications. Our findings emphasize the importance of prenatal diagnosis through fetal echocardiography and highlight the need for further research to optimize management strategies and improve outcomes for affected individuals.
Brain Stem Hemorrhage after Insertion of a Lumbar Drain: An Extremely Rare but Fatal Complication of a Routine Procedure
Authors: Yadav Vikrant , Pandey Nityanand 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDecompressive craniectomy (DC) is a life-saving procedure to control refractory intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury. Postdecompressive craniectomy hydrocephalus (PDCH) is debilitating complication following DCs. Lumbar drainage (LD) is a temporary measure that is helpful in the assessment of PDCH and its functioning can predict the risks and benefits of definitive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures. LD is associated with multiple complications. Intracranial hemorrhage is a rare but devastating complication following LD. Here, the authors report a case in which LD was performed as a temporary measure to assess PDCH, resulting in brain stem hemorrhage (BSH). A 45-year-old male underwent DC for severe traumatic brain injury. Patient developed PDCH in postoperative period. LD was done as a bridging procedure for definitive CSF diversion procedure, which resulted in fatal BSH. Authors conclude that although a simple procedure, LD can be associated with fatal BSH. Since drainage of CSF after LD is unpredictable in patients of PDCH, a close monitoring of the functioning of the LD system is required to avoid overdrainage and brain herniations.
Impact of Time from Injury to Surgery on Postoperative Functional Recovery in Large Volume Traumatic Extradural Hematomas
Authors: Elkholy Hany , Elnoamany Hossam , Ammar Ahmed Shawky 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background In traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, the time from trauma to cranial surgery is always of great concern to patients and neurosurgeons.
Patients and Methods A retrospective study conducted on 93 TBI patients presented with Glasgow Coma Scale from 4 to 13 and were operated for large volume (≥ 40 cm3) extradural hematoma (EDH) from July 2020 to December 2022. Surgery was done either within 6 hours following trauma (group A) or later than 6 hours (group B). We evaluated the impact of time from injury to surgery on postoperative clinical recovery, survival, and hospital stay.
Results Fifty patients (53.8%) were operated upon within 6 hours after trauma and 43 patients (46.2%) had operations later than 6 hours. No significant difference was found between the two study groups regarding any of the preoperative clinical or radiological factors except for the mean time from injury to surgery (p < 0.001). Delayed surgery > 6 hours was significantly associated with higher postoperative mortality (p = 0.014). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in patients operated ≤ 6 hours (p = 0.006). Patients operated ≤ 6 hours showed significantly favorable functional recovery both at discharge (p = 0.010) and after 1 month of follow-up (p = 0.023).
Conclusion Timely surgical intervention for large volume traumatic EDH is the gold standard. Early surgery “within 6 hours from trauma” not only can save patients' life but also is significantly associated with postoperative favorable clinical recovery, low morbidity, and short hospital stay.
6.1.44 gem-Diborylalkanes
Authors: Bao Z. , Wang J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstractgem-Diborylalkanes are important intermediates in organic synthesis, and in recent years various strategies for the preparation of these compounds have been developed. This review summarizes methods for the synthesis of gem-diborylalkanes based on diborylation, hydroboration, dehydrogenative borylation, boryl migration, and substitution. Specific reactions covered include the borylation of gem-dibromides, alkenes, vinylboronates, alkynes, benzylic C—H bonds, carbonyls, carbamates, diazo compounds, alkylmagnesium bromides, and alkenylmagnesium bromides. Selective derivatization of 1,1-diboryl motifs in gem-diborylalkanes has become a vital strategy for useful synthetic transformations.
6.1.46 Borepins
Authors: Hong C. , Tovar J. D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBorepins are seven-membered rings with six π-electrons, and aromatic electron delocalization is possible due to the vacant p-orbital of boron. However, because the empty p-orbital resides on the electropositive boron, instead of on a carbon, the boron can be envisioned as being unable to accept substantial circulating π-density from the more electronegative carbon; borepin is therefore less aromatic (and less stable) than the tropylium ion. Three fundamental synthetic strategies have been used to prepare borepins: (a) formation of a stannacycle followed by tin–boron exchange; (b) lithiation of ethene-tethered aromatic rings, followed by quenching with a borylated species; and (c) Diels–Alder reaction of an antiaromatic borole with an alkyne followed by ring expansion.
6.1.45 Diphosphino–Boryl (PBP) Pincer Complexes
Authors: Yamashita M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTransition-metal–boryl complexes having a covalent B-M bond have been considered as reactive intermediates in transition-metal-catalyzed borylative transformation of organic molecules. However, monodentate, anionic boryl ligands are not appropriate for use as supporting ligands, because they readily dissociate from the metal center. Since the first reports of transition-metal complexes possessing a pincer ligand involving boron and two coordinating sidearms, the chemistry of phosphorus-tethered PBP-pincer complexes has gradually developed. This review focuses on the synthesis of PBP-pincer complexes, their structure, elementary reactions, and applications in catalytic transformations of organic molecules.