bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk manager's contribution to patient safety and risk management in the ambulatory or physician practice setting
Authors: Miller Vivian B. , Miginsky Carol S. , Connelly Nancy Catalano 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe landscape of healthcare delivery in the United States is quickly changing. Hospitals and health systems are acquiring physician practices at a rapid rate. Healthcare risk management professionals may be tasked with additional responsibilities associated with physician practices, some of which may not have necessary policies or processes in place to reduce risk. Risk management professionals from the hospital setting may be required to provide additional guidance to office practices. This article describes basic risk management considerations for those who have responsibilities in these settings.
Matrix‐grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites synthesized by in situ RAFT polymerization: A kinetic study
Authors: Rahimi‐Razin Saeid , Haddadi‐Asl Vahid , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi , Behboodi‐Sadabad Farid , Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new approach was developed to functionalize multiwalled carbon
nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a polymerizable methyl methacrylate (MMA) groups, and the structure of functionalized MWCNTs were characterized by FTIR, Raman, XPS, and TEM. Using the strategy of “grafting through,” poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains were grafted onto the surface of MWCNTs during the in situ synthesis of MWCNT/PMMA nanocomposites over reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Kinetics of RAFT‐mediated polymerization of MMA in the presence of MMA‐grafted MWCNTs was studied by using gas chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. To further study, attached polymers were detached and their molecular characteristics were compared to freely formed chains. Results of kinetic studies showed that the utilized commercial chain transfer agent strictly reduced the rate of polymerization as well as relatively controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions of free chains. MWCNTs showed a radical activity, retarding the polymerization and reducing the rate of reaction. The effect of MWCNTs concentrations on molecular weights and polydispersity indexes (PDI) was different at the surface and in the bulk. The molecular weights of free chains increased, and the PDI was decreased with increasing MWCNTs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 555–569, 2012
Central venous catheter‐associated bloodstream infections
Authors: Newman Nitza , Issa Amal , Greenberg David , Kapelushnik Joseph , Cohen Zahavi , Leibovitz Eugene 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the epidemiologic and microbiological aspects of long‐term central vein catheter (CVC)‐associated bloodstream infections (CABSI) in children <18 years old treated at the hemato‐oncology unit during 1998–2008.Patients and MethodsThe two long‐term access devices used were Hickman and Port‐A‐Cath catheters. Information retrieved included demographic data, baseline pathologies, methods of insertion, anatomical insertion sites, duration of use, microbiological, and antibiotic susceptibility data and outcome.ResultsThere were 178 CABSI episodes; average number of episodes/1,000 catheter days was 4.7. More CABSI episodes were recorded among patients with Hickman catheter than in patients with Port‐A‐Cath catheter (5.05 vs. 3.57/1,000 catheter days, P = 0.059). The CVC was removed due to BSI in 52/178 (29.2%) episodes. Overall, 243 pathogens were isolated (144 Gram‐negative, 92 Gram‐positive, and 7 Candida spp). More Enterobacteriaceae spp. were isolated in CABSI in patients with Hickman catheters than in patients with Port‐A‐Cath catheters (35/103, 34%, vs. 10/65, 15%, P = 0.008); more coagulase‐negative staphylococci were isolated in patients with Port‐A‐Cath catheters than in patients with Hickman catheters (25/65, 38.5%, vs. 23/103, 22.3%, P = 0.02). No differences in pathogen distribution were found between CABSI recorded for jugular versus subclavian veins, open versus close inserted‐CVC or for CVC requiring removal versus those treated conservatively. No fatalities directly related to CABSI were recorded.ConclusionsCABSI rates were higher in patients with Hickman catheters compared with those with Port‐A‐Cath catheters; Gram‐negative organisms were the dominant etiologic agents of CABSI; CABSI in patients with Hickman catheters had different etiologies compared with patients with Port‐A‐Cath catheters. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:410–414. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Timing of insulin bolus in patients with type 1 diabetes: effect on glucose control and variability using CGMS
Authors: Liberty Idit F , Gelber Aviv , Novack Lena , Novack Victor , Boteach Esther , Harman‐Boehm Ilana 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe aim of this non‐randomised, pilot study was to examine the effect of insulin bolus injection timing on overall daily glucose control and glucose variability using a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS).Twelve patients with type 1 diabetes treated with either multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), with HbA1c ≤7.5% (58mmol/mol), were connected twice to a CGMS for 72 hours. During period one the patients injected the insulin bolus before the meal and, during period two, after the meal. The variability of blood glucose (BG) was assessed by low BG indices (LBGI) and high BG indices (HBGI) – the measure of the variability of low and high BG readings. Their sum (LBGI + HBGI) gives the BG risk index (BGRI) – a measure of overall variability and deviations towards hypo‐ and hyperglycaemia.Six patients were on CSII and six on MDI. The number of meals, number of insulin injections and average BG were not different between the groups. LBGI and the number of hypoglycaemic events were not affected by the method of injection. BGRI were significantly higher for post‐meal injection, mainly due to increased hyperglycaemia (p=0.003). The increased HBGI and BGRI were more prominent in CSII (p=0.05). These differences were found for the 72‐hour variability but not when testing 2 hours post‐prandially.It was concluded that injecting insulin prior to the meal can reduce the overall glucose variability, and remains the preferred method of injection. Larger studies are needed in order to reinforce these results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Clinical use of C‐peptide and β‐cell specific autoantibodies during gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nilsson Charlotta , Hillman Magnus , Ursing Dag , Strevens Helena , Landin‐Olsson Mona 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) confers a risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life, but the risk of developing type 1 diabetes is also increased. In this study we have evaluated the clinical use of C‐peptide and β‐cell specific autoantibodies during pregnancy with GDM as predictors for later development of diabetes.C‐peptide levels were measured 2 hours after glucose intake in pregnancies with GDM during 2006–2008 (n=281). The mother′s age and first weight during pregnancy, birth weight of the newborn and postpartum development of diabetes in the women were noted from their records. Between 1995–2008, 669 women developed GDM and were tested for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) and tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA‐2A); 34 women (5%) were found positive for at least one autoantibody.The incidence of diabetes was significantly higher (p<0.001) among women with positive autoantibodies (5/12) compared to women without autoantibodies (21/266) during 2006–2008. When comparing stimulated C‐peptide during GDM between women who later developed diabetes and those who did not, there was no significant difference. Among the 34 women who were autoantibody positive during their GDM between 1995–2008, 50% (n=17) had developed type 1 diabetes, and an additional five had impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.In conclusion, stimulated C‐peptide values were of no use in women with GDM regarding prediction of future diabetes. Analysis of GAD antibodies during GDM is recommended, due to a high risk of type 1 diabetes after delivery. A structured follow up of all women with GDM ought to be considered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Amorphous‐to‐microcrystalline transition in a‐Si:H under hydrogen plasma: Optical and electrical detection
Authors: Hadjadj Aomar , Larbi Fadila , Pham Nans , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe exact role of hydrogen in the crystallization process is still a subject of broad controversies due to the complexity of the overall plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process. We have investigated by ellipsometry the amorphous‐to‐microcrystalline the phase transition in intrinsic and doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin films during their exposure to a hydrogen plasma in conditions of chemical transport. The whole ellipsometry diagnostics reveal that, while intrinsic and phosphorus‐doped a‐Si:H present a similar trend during the plasma treatment, boron‐doped a‐Si:H differs by special features such as a rapid formation of the hydrogen–rich subsurface layer and an early amorphous‐to‐microcrystalline phase transition. The particular behavior of boron‐doped material is also pointed out through the time‐evolution of the self‐bias voltage on the radio‐frequency electrode during the hydrogen plasma treatment (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The first‐principles molecular dynamics study of quartz–water interface
Authors: Ledyastuti Mia , Liang Yunfeng , Matsuoka Toshifumi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBy first‐principles molecular dynamics, we have investigated the interaction of quartz (0001) surface with liquid water for two different fresh silica cleavages. The first type of cleavage is terminated by Si(O)2 and Si for two surfaces, respectively, whereas the second type cleavage has the same termination on both surfaces that consists of SiO. The water molecules were found to be decomposed and spontaneously form silanol group on both silica surfaces. After 4.0 ps, the chemical reactions were almost saturated. It was found that the silanol groups dominated on both surfaces. For the first type of cleavage, the final structure contains geminal, triple, and single silanols together with peroxy SiOOSi and SiOOH defects. For the second type of cleavage, the final structure contains geminal silanol, single silanol, and siloxane bridge. A small amount of unsaturated sites were also found on both surfaces. Further, we have shown that the newly formed rings at quartz surface range from four‐ to seven‐member ring for both surfaces. All the findings are in good consistent with the recent experimental observations and theoretical respects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Did fires drive Holocene carbon sequestration in boreal ombrotrophic peatlands of eastern Canada?
Authors: van Bellen Simon , Garneau Michelle , Ali Adam A. , Bergeron Yves 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWildfire is an important factor on carbon sequestration in the North American boreal biomes. Being globally important stocks of organic carbon, peatlands may be less sensitive to burning in comparison with upland forests, especially wet unforested ombrotrophic ecosystems as found in northeastern Canada. We aimed to determine if peatland fires have driven carbon accumulation patterns during the Holocene. To cover spatial variability, six cores from three peatlands in the Eastmain region of Quebec were analyzed for stratigraphic charcoal accumulation. Results show that regional Holocene peatland fire frequency was ~ 2.4 fires 1000 yr− 1, showing a gradually declining trend since 4000 cal yr BP, although inter- and intra-peatland variability was very high. Charcoal peak magnitudes, however, were significantly higher between 1400 and 400 cal yr BP, possibly reflecting higher charcoal production driven by differential climatic forcing aspects. Carbon accumulation rates generally declined towards the late-Holocene with minimum values of ~ 10 g m− 2 yr− 1 around 1500 cal yr BP. The absence of a clear correlation between peatland fire regimes and carbon accumulation indicates that fire regimes have not been a driving factor on carbon sequestration at the millennial time scale.
The expected return on United Kingdom equities and an implication for pension fund valuations
Authors: Jones P. D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe paper analyses the relationship between equities and gilt-edged. It shows that the yield ratio (the yield on gilts divided by that on equities) should no longer hold its almost mystical significance of the last decade, being but one component of the expected return on equities, in which the most significant element is the rate of dividend growth relative to the yield on gilt-edged. How equities perform in economic recession is highlighted. The paper reviews the performance of equities over the last 70 years in both nominal and real terms and analyses the historic sources of the equity risk premium, i.e. the excess return of equities over gilt-edged. If the equity risk premium remains at below-average levels in the 1990s, as is possible, constraints may be placed on actuaries' choice of pension fund valuation bases.
Notes on equal treatment for men and women in occupational social security schemes
Authors: Wilkie A. D. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThese notes discuss the Proposal by the Commission of the European Communities for a Council Directive “On the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in occupational social security schemes”. Article 6, §§ 1(h) and (i) of the proposed Directive state that it would be contrary to the principle of equal treatment to provide for benefits whose level or amount differ or to set contributions at different rates, “by taking into account different factors of calculation, actuarial or otherwise, with regard to the phenomena of ill health, mortality or life expectancy”. These notes concentrate on this proposal, which is of considerable actuarial importance. Actuaries take into account different factors of calculation with regard to these phenomena, not simply by convention or through unjustifiable prejudice, but because of a sincere respect for the truth. To attempt to ignore the truth may have dangerous consequences, which are discussed.
The cocktail problem: the relationship between composite yield and component yields
Authors: Rickard John , Russell Allen , Collins Brett 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWhen two or more independent or component loans are consolidated to form a single composite loan the result is often referred to as a cocktail loan. In this paper we analyse properties of a composite loan induced by properties of the component loans. Of particular interest are the properties of the composite yield in terms of the yields and other characteristics of the component loans. Some upper and lower bounds are also established for the composite yield in terms of the component yields. Of some importance is a sensitivity analysis of the composite yield with respect to various parameters of the component loans.
Justice, Self-Ownership, and Natural Assets
Authors: Gorr Michael 
Published: April 2012

A question that has recently attracted considerable attention is this:What is the nature and significance of thenormativerelationship a person bears to herself (where the self is understood to include the whole embodied person)?On one view, it is held that persons areself-owners: as Locke put it in one of the more famous passages in theSecond Treatise:[E]very man has apropertyin his ownperson: this no body has any right to but himself. Thelabourof his body, and theworkof his hands, we may say, are properly his.
Risk factors associated with sporadic salmonellosis in adults: a case-control study
Authors: ZIEHM D. , DREESMAN J. , CAMPE A. , KREIENBROCK L. , PULZ M. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn order to identify and assess recent risk factors for sporadic human infections with Salmonella enterica, we conducted a case-control study in Lower Saxony, Germany. The data collection was based on standardized telephone interviews with 1017 cases and 346 controls aged >14 years. Odds ratios were calculated in single-factor and multi-factor analyses for Salmonella cases and two different control groups, i.e. population controls and controls with rotavirus infection. Multi-factor analysis revealed associations between sporadic Salmonella infections for two exposures by both sets of controls: consumption of raw ground pork [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2·38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·27–4·44] and foreign travel (aOR 2·12, 95% CI 1·00–4·52). Other exposures included consumption of food items containing eggs (aOR 1·43, 95% CI 0·80–2·54), consumption of chicken meat (aOR 1·77, 95% CI 1·26–2·50), outdoor meals/barbecues (aOR 3·96, 95% CI 1·41–11·12) and taking gastric acidity inhibitors (aOR 2·42, 95% CI 1·19–4·92), all were significantly associated with respect to one of the two control groups. The impact of consuming food items containing eggs or chicken meat was lower than expected from the literature. This might be a consequence of Salmonella control programmes as well as increased public awareness of eggs and chicken products being a risk factor for salmonellosis. Efforts to reduce Salmonella infections due to raw pork products should be intensified.
Ground-Based and Space Observations of Interacting Binaries
Authors: Niarchos Panagiotis G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMulti-wavelength observational data, obtained from ground-based and space observations are used to compute the physical parameters of the observed Interacting Binaries (IBs) and study the interactions and physical processes in these systems. In addition, the database of IBs from ground-based surveys and space missions will provide light curves for many thousands of new binary systems for which extensive follow up ground-based observations can be carried out. In certain cases, light curves of superior quality will allow studies of fine effects of stellar activity and very accurate determination of stellar parameters. Moreover, many new discoveries of interesting systems are expected from ground-based all-sky surveys and space missions, including low mass binaries and star-planet binary systems. The most important current and future programs of observations of IBs from ground and space are presented.
Mass Determination of Sub-stellar Companions Around Young Stars - The Example of HR 7329
Authors: Schmidt Tobias O. B. , Neuhäuser Ralph , Seifahrt Andreas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLowrance et al. (2000) found a faint companion candidate about 4 arcsec south of the young A0-type star HR 7329. Its spectral type of M7-8 is consistent with a young brown dwarf companion. Here we report spectroscopic J band observations using the integral field spectrograph SINFONI at VLT, enabling a new estimation of effective temperature, extinction and surface gravity of the object and hence its mass. Although the data were reduced carefully, the presence of a spike within the point spread function of the object in each spectral image hampered the precise estimation of the properties of HR 7329. Nevertheless, we will show with the example of this sub-stellar companion how mass estimates independent of evolutionary models of directly imaged sub-stellar companions can be obtained, after removing most of the strong influence of the spike in the present data, and present a new mass estimation of HR 7329 B/b based on the values gained.
Basic Tools for Modeling Stellar and Planetary Atmospheres
Authors: Hubeny Ivan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMost popular computer codes for calculating model stellar and planetary atmospheres are briefly reviewed. A particular emphasis is devoted to our universal computer program Tlusty (model stellar atmospheres and accretion disks), CoolTlusty (a variant of Tlusty for computing model atmospheres of substellar-mass objects such as giant planets and brown dwarfs), and Synspec (an associated spectrum synthesis code). We show the highlights of actual applications of these codes which include extensive grids of fully line-blanketed non-LTE model atmospheres of O and B stars, and grids of model atmospheres of extrasolar giant planets and L and T dwarfs.
Modeling Supernova Spectra
Authors: Hillier D. John , Dessart Luc , Li Chendong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe highlight results from a series of investigations into modeling spectra of core-collapse supernovae (SNe). We have explored the accuracy of the expanding-photosphere method, and found that it can be used to obtain distances to Type IIP SNe with an accuracy of ≲10%. We confirm the result of Utrobin and Chugai (2005) that time-dependent terms must be included in the statistical equilibrium equations in order to model Hi line evolution in Type II SNe, and show that time-dependent terms influence other spectral features (e.g., He i lines). We have initiated a study of polarization signatures from aspherical but axially-symmetric Type II SN ejecta. Hillier and Li acknowledge support from STScI theory grant HST-AR-11756.01.A and NASA theory grant NNX10AC80G. Dessart acknowledges financial support from grant PIRG04-GA-2008-239184.
Is the B[e] Star V2028 Cyg a Binary?
Authors: Polster Jan , Korčáková Daniela , Votruba Viktor , Škoda Petr , Šlechta Miroslav , Kučerová Blanka 
Published: April 2012

AbstractV2028 Cyg shows a B[e] phenomenon. Due to the presence of both cool (K7III) and hot (B4III) components in the spectra, it is supposed to be a binary. Our modelling of the time variability of Hα line bisectors shows, however, that this hybrid spectrum can originate in one star, which is surrounded by a disc.
Binary Star Formation Simulations
Authors: Clarke C. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBinary stars provide an excellent calibration of the success or otherwise of star formation simulations, since the reproduction of their statistical properties can be challenging. Here, I summarise the direction that the field has taken in recent years, with an emphasis on binary formation in the cluster context, and discuss which observational diagnostics are most ripe for meaningful theoretical comparison. I focus on two issues: the prediction of binary mass ratio distributions and the formation of the widest binaries in dissolving clusters, showing how in the latter case the incidence of ultra-wide pairs constrains the typical membership number of natal clusters to be of order a hundred. I end by drawing attention to recent works that include magnetic fields and which will set the direction of future research in this area.
Hydrodynamics of Young Binaries with Low-Mass Secondaries
Authors: Demidova Tatiana , Grinin Vladimir , Sotnikova Nataliya 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe model of a young star with a low-mass secondary component (q = M2/M1 ≤ 0.1) accreting matter from a circumbinary (CB) disc is considered. It is assumed that the orbit and the CB disc can be coplanar and non-coplanar. The model parameters were varied within the following ranges: the component mass ratio
q ranged from 0.1 to 0.003, the eccentricity e varied from 0 to 0.7, the inclination of the orbit plane to the CB disc ranged from 0 to 10 degrees, and the parameter that defines the viscosity of the system was also varied. A number of hydrodynamics models of such a system have been calculated by the SPH method and then the variations of the circumstellar extinction and phase brightness curves were determined. The calculated brightness curves differ in shape and amplitude and it depends on the model parameters and the orientation of the system relative to the observer. The results were used to analyze the cyclic activity of UX Ori type stars.