bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It is irrelevant, but it matters: Using confluence theory to predict the influence of beliefs on evaluations, attitudes, and intentions
Authors: Trafimow David , Rice Stephen , Hunt Gayle , List Bethany , Nanez Bryce , Rector Natalie , Notah Josh , Brown Jennie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe present research is based on the notion of confluence—that associated mental elements have a tendency to become more consistent with each other over time, even if some of them are logically irrelevant to the issue at hand. This idea was applied to a voting paradigm where participants were exposed to varying numbers of valenced beliefs about a candidate. Two experiments tested the idea that although valenced beliefs influence attributions and voting intentions, there is an additional process whereby evaluations of irrelevant beliefs also are influenced. Not surprisingly, as more positive or negative beliefs were presented, voting intentions became more positive or more negative, respectively. More dramatically, however, positive or negative evaluations of irrelevant beliefs became more extreme in the direction of the presented items as more of them were presented. An additional experiment tested alternative mechanisms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioimpedance and Bioimpedance Vector Analysis in patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Haas Verena , Riedl Andrea , Hofmann Tobias , Nischan Annette , Burghardt Roland , Boschmann Michael , Klapp Burghard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe utility of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) is imperfectly defined. Furthermore, any advantage accrued by BIA with vector analysis (BIVA) is unknown.MethodWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 57 women with AN admitted to our service who underwent BIA and BIVA. Twenty‐seven women were observed during short‐term (3 weeks) and 13 women during longer‐term (3 months) weight gain.ResultsBioelectrical impedance analysis produced implausible results in 47% of the patients. BIVA demonstrated low body cell mass and highly variable extracellular water (ECW) volume, ranging from volume contraction to volume expansion on admission and during treatment. BIVA suggested that short‐term weight gain predominantly consisted of ECW volume, whereas longer‐term weight gain resulted in increased hydrated body cell mass.ConclusionConventional BIA has little utility in these patients. However, BIVA could be a suitable alternative in the medical management reflecting ECW volume changes and later genuine tissue mass increases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Optimal Hedge Ratio Estimation and Effectiveness Using ARCD
Authors: Kostika Eleftheria , Markellos Raphael N. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the importance of forecasting higher moments for optimal hedge ratio estimation. To this end, autoregressive conditional density (ARCD) models are employed which allow for time variation in variance, skewness and kurtosis. The performance of ARCD models is evaluated against that of GARCH and of other conventional hedge ratio estimation methodologies based on exponentially weighted moving averages, ordinary least squares and error correction, respectively. An empirical application using spot and futures data on the DJI, FTSE and DAX equity indices compares the in‐sample and out‐of‐sample hedging effectiveness of each approach in terms of risk minimization. The results show that the ARCD approach has the best performance, thus suggesting that forecasting higher moments is of practical importance for futures hedging. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Possible change in Korean streamflow seasonality based on multi‐model climate projections
Authors: Jung I. W. , Bae D. H. , Lee B. J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSeasonality in hydrology is closely related to regional water management and planning. There is a strong consensus that global warming will likely increase streamflow seasonality in snow‐dominated regions due to decreasing snowfall and earlier snowmelt, resulting in wetter winters and drier summers. However, impacts to seasonality remain unclear in rain‐dominated regions with extreme seasonality in streamflow, including South Korea. This study investigated potential changes in seasonal streamflow due to climate change and associated uncertainties based on multi‐model projections. Seasonal flow changes were projected using the combination of 13 atmosphere–ocean general circulation model simulations and three semi‐distributed hydrologic models under three different future greenhouse gas emission scenarios for two future periods (2020s and 2080s). Our results show that streamflow seasonality is likely to be aggravated due to increases in wet season flow (July through September) and decreases in dry season flow (October through March). In South Korea, dry season flow supports water supply and ecosystem services, and wet season flow is related to flood risk. Therefore, these potential changes in streamflow seasonality could bring water management challenges to the Korean water resources system, especially decreases in water availability and increases in flood risk. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of Dynamical Processes in Solution: An Overview and Personal Perspective
Authors: Rice Stuart A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA brief overview of studies of optical control of dynamical processes in solution is presented, with a focus on control of selection of product in a chemical reaction. It is argued that there are circumstances under which adiabatic population transfer in the liquid phase is possible, and that variations of such transfer processes can be used to control dynamical processes in solution.
Stimuli pH‐responsive (N‐vinyl imidazole‐co‐acryloylmorpholine) Hydrogels; Mesoporous and Nanoporous Scaffolds
Authors: Fares Mohammad M. , Al‐Shboul Ahmad M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTunable mesoporosity and nanoporosity of stimuli pH‐responsive (N‐vinyl imidazole‐ran‐acryloylmorpholine) hydrogels studied in terms of %swelling at various ionic strength, pH, temperature, and crosslinker concentration values were investigated. Hydrogel properties including diffusional exponent, number of links between two crosslinks, rms end‐to‐end distance and mesh size of gels were evaluated. The structural sequence of the scaffolds was tested and verified using Kelen–Tudos technique, and Alfrey–Price relationship. Hydrogels were characterized using FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and freeze‐dried Scanning electron micrographs techniques. The reversible pH responsiveness and possible mesoporous and nanoporous (i.e., 0.88–4.03 nm) structures suggest their suitable candidate in membrane technology and/or is an adequate drug delivery vehicle in drug delivery systems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Biological characterization of woven fabric using two‐ and three‐dimensional cell cultures
Authors: Moczulska M. , Bitar M. , Święszkowski W. , Bruinink A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe integration and long‐term functional retention of tissue implants are both strongly linked to the implant material characteristics. As a first approach, the cytocompatibility and bioactivity of such materials are evaluated using in vitro‐based cell culture models. Typically, in vitro bioactivity is assessed by seeding single cells onto the test material to evaluate certain parameters such as cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, and functional differentiation. Probably, due to the reduction from three dimensional (3D) toward the two dimensional (2D) situation the data obtained from 2D culture models falls short of predicting the in vivo behavior of the biomaterial in question. In this study, a three dimensional (3D) in vitro cell culture model was applied to evaluate the bioactivity of well characterized fiber‐based scaffolds using scaffold colonization as a bioactivity indicator. Cell behavior in this culture model was evaluated against a classical comparable, 2D cell culture system using polyethylene terephthalat and polyamide 6.6 fabrics. By using the 3D culture model, however, differences in cell population performance as a function of fiber diameter and mesh angle were evident. The use of 3D cell culture model clearly outperformed typical cell culture setup as means to evaluate cell population–scaffold interaction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Endothelial cell migration and morphogenesis on silk fibroin scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite electret
Authors: Nakamura Miho , Soya Tomoko , Hiratai Rumi , Nagai Akiko , Hashimoto Kazuaki , Morita Ikuo , Yamashita Kimihiro 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of composite wound dressing films made of silk fibroin (SF) containing hydroxyapatite (HA) or polarized HA (pHA) powders on endothelial cell (EC) behaviors that have important roles in the wound‐healing process. XRD revealed the SF films to be semicrystalline, with a broad peak centered at about 20.7° which is characteristic of β‐sheets embedded within an amorphous matrix. The SF composite films with 0.6 (w/v)% in concentration of HA powder (HA/SF) or pHA powder (pHA/SF) contained HA crystals of amorphous and silk II crystalline structures. SEM observation showed that there were differences in SF morphology between HA/SF and pHA/SF. The pHA/SF exhibited a furry texture around the pHA crystals, most likely due to the stored charged and zeta potentials. The HA/SF and pHA/SF films enhanced EC migration compared with that on the SF film. The number of migrated cells on the HA/SF and pHA/SF was ∼1.5 times larger than that on the SF. The quantitative analysis of the endothelial morphogenesis indicated that the pHA/SF film enhanced the formation of capillary‐like structures compared with SF and HA/SF. Thus, pHA/SF may potentially stimulate and contribute to the enhancement of angiogenesis in the wound‐healing process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Incidence and demography of femur fractures with and without atypical features
Authors: Feldstein Adrianne C , Black Dennis , Perrin Nancy , Rosales A Gabriela , Friess Darin , Boardman David , Dell Richard , Santora Arthur , Chandler Julie M , Rix Mary M , Orwoll Eric 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The case definition, community incidence, and characteristics of atypical femoral shaft fractures (FSFs) are poorly understood. This retrospective study utilized electronic medical records and radiograph review among women ≥50 years of age and men ≥65 years of age from January 1996 to June 2009 at Kaiser Permanente Northwest to describe the incidence rates and characteristics of subgroups of femur fractures. Fractures were categorized based on the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) as atypical fracture major features (AFMs) (low force, shaft location, transverse or short oblique, noncomminuted) and AFMs with additional minor radiograph features (AFMms) (beaking, cortical thickening, or stress fracture). There were 5034 fractures in the study. The incidence rates of FSFs (without atypical features) and AFMs appeared flat (cumulative incidence: 18.2 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI = 16.0–20.7; 5.9 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI = 4.6–7.4; respectively) with 1,271,575 person-years observed. The proportion of AFMs that were AFMms increased over time. Thirty percent of AFMs had any dispensing of a bisphosphonate prior to the fracture, compared to 15.8% of the non-atypical FSFs. Years of oral glucocorticosteroid dispensing appeared highest in AFM and AFMm fractures. Those with AFMs only were older and had a lower frequency of bisphosphonate dispensing compared to those with AFMms. We conclude that rates of FSFs, with and without atypia, were low and stable over 13.5 years. Patients with only AFMs appear to be different from those with AFMms; it may be that only the latter group is atypical. There appear to be multiple associated risk factors for AFMm fractures. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Therapeutic effect of local administration of low-dose simvastatin-conjugated gelatin hydrogel for fracture healing
Authors: Fukui Tomoaki , Ii Masaaki , Shoji Taro , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Mifune Yutaka , Kawakami Yohei , Akimaru Hiroshi , Kawamoto Atsuhiko , Kuroda Tomoya , Saito Takashi , Tabata Yasuhiko , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kurosaka Masahiro , Asahara Takayuki 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Several reports have shown the therapeutic effect of statins on bone formation and neovascularization. However, the effect of the systemic administration of statins is limited due to its metabolism in the liver and clearance in the digestive system. In addition, high-dose administration may cause adverse side effects. To avoid low-efficacy/frequent side effects of high-dose statin treatment, we utilized biodegradable gelatin hydrogel as a drug delivery system of statin for fracture healing. A femoral fracture was created in rats with periosteum cauterization leading to nonunion at 8 weeks postfracture. Rats received local administration of either simvastatin-conjugated gelatin hydrogel (ST-Gel group) or gelatin hydrogel alone (Gel group). Approximately 70% of animals in the ST-Gel group achieved fracture union radiographically and histologically, while only 7% of animals achieved fracture healing in the Gel group. Functional bone healing was also significantly greater with increased angiogenesis- and osteogenesis-related growth factor expressions in periosteal granulation tissue in the ST-Gel group than in the Gel group. Simvastatin locally applied with gelatin hydrogel to fracture sites at a dose similar to that used in clinical settings successfully induced fracture union in a rat unhealing bone fracture model via its effect on both angiogenesis and osteogenesis. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Youth sports and the emergence of chameleon leadership
Authors: Williams James Arthur , Roberts Chris , Bosselman Robert 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived youth sports experiences of a sample of 20 North Carolina managers to determine how interpersonal skills developed through youth sports impact managing change. The data resulted in an emerging theme of a fearlessness approach to change situations, labeled chameleon leadership for this research study. The discovered theme offered information toward leadership and management skills used to manage complex organizations and diverse individuals within the realm of sports and work environments to enhance productivity in today's diverse and complex organizations.
What is the role of perceived leadership capacity in presidential politics?
Authors: Popa Adrian B. , Hazel Michael , Whatley Lachlan , Andenoro Anthony , Crandall Heather 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe relevance of leadership models in presidential leadership, and principally the role of perceived leadership in presidential election years, is an area of study with limited development but increasing importance. This study explores the relationship between young voters' leadership assessment of presidential candidates, Barack Obama and John McCain, and their reports of voting behavior during the 2008 presidential election. Leadership perceptions were collected from 812 respondents prior to the election. Results indicate that candidate leadership assessments have a significant effect on candidate preference after controlling for the impact of party identification and self‐perceived political efficacy. Further, political efficacy significantly impacted respondents' intent to vote in the election after controlling for these same variables. Party affiliation produced significant differences across the political ideology, leadership ratings, political efficacy, and likelihood of voting variables. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications as they pertain to political leadership.
Voices of the future: Leadership for the 21st century
Authors: Penney Sherry H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article discusses leadership from the point of view of Generations X and Y (primarily X)—what kind of leaders do they want to be? What leadership qualities/behaviors do they see as important? What challenges do they see facing leaders of the future? The article also discusses what organizations need to do to attract and retain Generation X. The research is based on surveys, interviews, and focus groups with over 300 young professionals in the greater Boston region. The findings come from the recent book Next Generation Leadership: Insights from Emerging Leaders (Penney & Neilson, 2010).
Bridging the leadership divide
Authors: Carucci Ron A. , Epperson Josh J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe study of generational leadership differences has now broadened and intensified to an impressive body of literature and discussion. The problem is that the conversation continues to be framed as a demographic challenge of difference, which only furthers the division, rather than a relationship challenge that calls for new ways to connect the generations. This article discusses the nature of the relationships needed to ensure vital connections between generations of leaders. It uses the authors' own cross‐generational leadership relationship as a case study in what we believe exemplifies the kind of relationship our research suggests is both needed, and desired, by leaders in both incumbent and emerging leadership generations.
Generation Y
Authors: Tulgan Bruce 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe at RainmakerThinking, Inc., have been conducting ongoing in‐depth research on the attitudes and experiences of young people in the workplace since 1993. When we began, the oldest among Generation Y (the generation born 1978 to 1990) were just arriving in the workplace as teenagers. Since then, we've followed Generation Y as they became the new young workforce, began coming of age in the early stages of their careers, and of late as they have increasingly been assuming leadership roles in organizations of all shapes and sizes. When it comes to identifying, retaining, and developing the best leadership talent among Generation Y, what are the key pitfalls to avoid? And what are the best practices? These are among the issues we've been tackling with business leaders in a wide range of organizations over the past several years.
Common genetic variants in the 8q24 region and risk of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Neta Gila , Yu Chu‐Ling , Brenner Alina , Gu Fangyi , Hutchinson Amy , Pfeiffer Ruth , Sturgis Erich M. , Xu Li , Linet Martha S. , Alexander Bruce H. , Chanock Stephen , Sigurdson Alice J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 8q24 chromosomal region identified from genome‐wide scans have been associated with the risk of several cancers, including breast (rs1562430), prostate (rs1447295), and colon (rs6983267). A genome‐wide scan in 26 families with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) also found susceptibility loci in 8q24, supporting a closer evaluation of this chromosomal region in relation to the risk of sporadic PTC.Study Design:Case‐control study.Methods:We evaluated 157 tag SNPs in the 8q24 chromosomal region between 120.91 Mb and 128.78 Mb (including rs1562430, rs1447295, and rs6983267) in a case‐control study of 344 PTC cases and 452 age and gender frequency‐matched controls. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and compute P values of linear trend for PTC with genotypes of interest. To account for multiple comparisons, we applied the false discovery rate (FDR) method.Results:We did not find a significant association between rs1562430, rs1447295, or rs6983267 and PTC risk. We found that one SNP (rs4733616) was associated with PTC risk at P = .003, and 12 other SNPs were associated with PTC risk at P < .05. However, no SNPs remained significant after FDR correction.Conclusions:Our findings do not support a strong association between SNPs in the 8q24 chromosomal region and risk of sporadic PTC, but several SNPs with small effects might exist.
WIND TUNNEL SIMULATION OF WINDBLOWN SAND ALONG CHINA'S QINGHAI–TIBET RAILWAY
Authors: Zhang K. , Qu J. , Han Q. , Xie S. , Kai K. , Niu Q. , An Z. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe Qinghai–Tibet Railway is frequently damaged by windblown sand, and this hinders railway operation. To better understand the characteristics of windblown sand near the railway, wind tunnel experiments were conducted for the Tuotuo River Section, a typical stretch suffering from windblown sand damage. According to climate data, the windy period combines with an arid seasonal climate to increase the risk of blowing sand in this area. Wind tunnel simulation results showed how the airflow interacted with the railway embankment to create sand deposition as well as aeolian erosion. Sand transport rates behind the railbed fitted a Gaussian function well. The results can be used to guide the design of sand‐control structures both in the study area and in other areas that experience threats from windblown sand. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polyethylene Amphiphiles by Chain Walking Polymerization in Tandem with RAFT Polymerization and Supramolecular Self‐Assembly Vesicles
Authors: Shi Xinbo , Zhao Ye , Gao Haiyang , Zhang Ling , Zhu Fangming , Wu Qing 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel polymerization methodology for efficient synthesis of hyperbranched polyethylene amphiphiles by chain walking polymerization (CWP) followed by RAFT polymerization has been developed. Hyperbranched polyethylene with hydroxyl ends (HBPE‐OHs) is first synthesized via chain walking copolymerization of ethylene with 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate with Pd‐α‐diimine catalyst. The hydroxyl groups of hyperbranched polyethylene are then converted into thiocarbonyl thio moieties by an esterification reaction with trithiocarbonate 3‐benzylsulfanylthiocarbonyl sulfanylpropionic acid (BSPA). The hyperbranched polyethylene with thiocarbonyl thio moiety ends (HBPE‐BSPAs) is used as a macro‐RAFT agent for the synthesis of hyperbranched polyethylene amphiphiles, HBPE‐PDMAEMAs, by RAFT polymerization of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The resultant HBPE‐PDMAEMAs can self‐assemble to form supramolecular polymer vesicles in aqueous solution. A preliminary investigation on thermo‐ and pH‐responsive behaviors of the polymer is also reported.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
Authors: Bruno Agostino , Costantino Gabriele 
Published: January 2012

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane‐bound receptors with more than 800 members encoded by 351 genes in humans. It has been estimated that more than 50 % of clinically available drugs act on GPCRs, with an amount of 400, 50 and 25 druggable proteins for the class A, B and C, respectively. Furthermore, Class A GPCRs with approximately 25 % of marketed small drugs represent the most attractive pharmaceutical class. The recent availability of high‐resolution 3‐dimensional structures of some GPCRs supports the notion that GPCRs are dynamically versatile, and their functions can be modulated by several factors. In this scenario, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations techniques appear to be crucial when studying GPCR flexibility associated to functioning and ligand recognition. A general overview of biased and unbiased MD techniques is here presented with special emphasis on the recent results obtained in the GPCRs field.