bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro release kinetics of pine bark extract enriched orange juice and the shelf stability
Authors: Yesil Celiktas Ozlem , Isleten Muge , Vardar‐Sukan Fazilet , Oyku Cetin E. 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to demonstrate a functional beverage incorporating pine bark which is an unutilized forestry waste, determine in vitro release kinetics of enriched beverages, and antioxidant activities, besides assessing their shelf stabilities.Design/methodology/approachOrange juice was enriched with Pinus brutia, Pinus pinea bark extracts, Pycnogenol®. In vitro release kinetics was determined in pH 1.2 and pH 7.4. Ascorbic acid content, pH, titratable acidity, and colorimetric analyses were analyzed monthly for eight months to determine shelf life. Additionally, total phenol contents and radical scavenging activities were analyzed. Subsequently a consumer acceptance test was conducted among 200 participants.FindingsThe release of all extracts in orange juices in pH 1.2 were slower than pH 7.4. The release results were fitted to Higuchi square root of time kinetic model with high determination coefficients. Although total titratable acidity values were in agreement with the trend of minor pH changes, prominent losses in antioxidant capacities, ascorbic acid contents and color were observed for the last two months suggesting a shelf life of six months. Female participants and young people had a greater tendency to consume such a beverage. Health concerns and flavor were the primary factors affecting their purchasing decisions.Research limitations/implicationsFindings of the study demonstrated the effects of fortification with a plant‐based extract as a substitute to the present practice of fortifying beverages with vitamins and minerals for a potential future market.Originality/valueThe paper shows that juices fortified with pine bark extracts show higher antioxidant capacities and ascorbic acid contents compared to the control, thereby providing improved functionality.
A tale of two crises: the Belgian and Irish dioxin contamination incidents
Authors: Casey Donal K. , Lawless James S. , Wall Patrick G. 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a focused overview of two dioxin incidents, with particular emphasis on regulatory successes and failures and their respective causes. The paper seeks to adopt a comparative approach to the case studies, with considerable use made of primary sources such as parliamentary debate, government reports and EC legislation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a review of the strengths and weaknesses in the management of the Belgian and Irish dioxin contanimation incidents.FindingsIt is concluded that open, transparent and decisive risk management, based on robust risk assessment, is paramount in ensuring confidence in both the food supply chain and, in the feed and food safety regulatory process. It is also concluded that the 2008 Irish dioxin incident tested the reforms prompted by previous food scares.Practical implicationsIt is important that the lessons from these two incidents are learnt if they are not to be repeated in other jurisdictions.Originality/valueThis is the first academic study of the 2008 Irish dioxin incident, one of the most significant recent food scares in the European Communities. The incident emphasises the vital role of open, transparent and decisive decision making in managing risk. In addition, through a comparative analysis of the Belgian and Irish incidents, the utility of the reforms prompted by previous food scares is demonstrated. In particular, the study highlights the important role played by the European Food Safety Authority in one of its first major tests as a risk assessor and risk communicator.
The impact of mycoprotein on blood cholesterol levels: a pilot study
Authors: Ruxton Carrie H.S. , McMillan Brian 
Published: October 2010

PurposeResearch has shown that mycoprotein, a vegetable protein ingredient, can lower blood cholesterol. This paper aims to test this in a consumer setting.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 21 healthy, free‐living adults, who were not usually mycoprotein consumers, were asked to eat mycoprotein, as Quorn™ products, daily for six weeks. Ten control group participants followed their habitual diets. Fasting lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, weight, body mass index and waist circumference were measured at baseline and after six weeks.FindingsA significant reducing effect of the intervention on total cholesterol levels was found among those participants with higher baseline blood cholesterol level. No significant differences were seen between the intervention and control groups for the sample as a whole, although there were compliance issues in the control group that may have reduced its validity. Good compliance with the mycoprotein‐rich diet also appeared to have a significant lowering effect on total blood cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The findings confirm that mycoprotein may be a useful food ingredient for helping to manage blood cholesterol levels.Research limitations/implicationsThere was no randomisation or blinding, which may have influenced compliance with a habitual diet in the control group. The sample size was small and so further work in a larger population is warranted, particularly to determine optimal mycoprotein intakes and likely mechanisms of action.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on a trial that used commercially available products in a free‐living sample.
Furthering an understanding of West African plant foods
Authors: Glew R.S. , Amoako‐Atta B. , Ankar‐Brewoo G. , Presley J. , Chuang L‐T. , Millson M. , Smith B.R. , Glew R.H. 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to determine the content of amino acids, fatty acids and minerals in seven indigenous leafy vegetables (ILVs) in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachLeaves from plants growing near Kumasi were milled to a fine powder, dried to constant weight in a vacuum desiccator, and analyzed for their content of the afore‐mentioned nutrients. The plants were: Hibiscus sabdarifa, Hibiscus cannabinus, Amaranthus cruentus, Corchorus oliforius, Solanum macrocarpon, Xanthomosa sagittifolium and Vigna unguiculatus.FindingsAll seven ILVs contained a large amount of protein (15.5‐22.8 percent), which compared favorably to the essential amino acid pattern of a WHO standard. They all contained nutritionally useful amounts of α‐linolenic acid and had an omega‐6/omega‐3 ratio of 0.1‐0.9. The seven ILVs contained quantities of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum and zinc that could contribute significantly to satisfying an individual's need for these elements.Research limitations/implicationsThe presence of relatively large amounts of various nutritionally essential macro‐ and micronutrients in these seven ILVs does not necessarily mean these nutrients are bioavailable. Future research is required to determine the amounts of anti‐nutrients (e.g. protease inhibitors, chelators) in these vegetables, and the extent to which their protein, lipid and mineral constituents are digested and/or absorbed.Originality/valueSince malnutrition (e.g. iron‐deficiency anemia, rickets, zinc deficiency, protein‐calorie malnutrition) is common in sub‐Saharan Africa, the information which is provided should increase awareness among agricultural and public health officials of the nutritional value of seven underappreciated and underutilized ILVs that are indigenous to Ghana and many other parts of Africa.
Attitudes of women towards food safety
Authors: Talas Canan , Uçar Asli , Özfer Özçelik Ayşe 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to determine the attitudes of women, who are mainly in charge of preparing food at home, towards food safety.Design/methodology/approachThe research was carried out among 250 married women who were chosen from those enrolled in five Public Education Centers affiliated to the Ministry of Education. The research data were collected through a questionnaire and face‐to‐face interviews.FindingsThe mean food safety attitude score was determined to be 29.97+2.91. The food safety attitudes of women varied according to education and age. Therefore, it is important that food safety education provided is continuous in order for the effects of the education to be lasting.Originality/valueFood safety requires correct handling from production through consumption. Poor food‐handling practices in the home kitchen are thought to cause a significant number of food borne illnesses. The paper highlights the importance of education that affects food safety practices in the home.
Effects of milk phospholipid on memory and psychological stress response
Authors: Hellhammer Juliane , Waladkhani Ali‐Reza , Hero Torsten , Buss Claudia 
Published: October 2010

PurposePhosphatidylserine (PS) extracted from both bovine cortex and soya beans has been previously reported to positively affect cognitive functioning, mood, and the capacity to cope with stress. The present paper aims to investigate whether the daily intake of phospholipid concentrate (PL) rich in phosphatidylserine (PS) and sphingomyelin (SM) has similar beneficial effects on working memory, allostastic load and the acute stress response.Design/methodology/approachA total of 46 healthy men (average 41.5 years) received either placebo or 13.5 g per day PL over a three‐week period. On the 21st day of PL intake, subjects' working memory performance and their psychological and endocrine responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) were tested.FindingsCompared to placebo‐exposed individuals, there was a tendency for shorter reaction times in the working memory task, suggesting better performance in PL‐treated subjects. The two treatment groups did not significantly differ in their endocrine stress response. However, PL‐treated subjects with a higher stress load showed a blunted psychological stress response.Practical implicationsResults of the present study show beneficial effects of PL intake on cognitive performance. Under acute stress, benefits of PL may only be visible in chronically stressed subjects.Originality/valueThis paper provides new information for practitioners, academics and food supplement industries interested in possible beneficial effects of a milk phospholipid product on memory and mental stress.
Resource intensity in global food chains: the Hot Spot Analysis
Authors: Liedtke Christa , Baedeker Carolin , Kolberg Sandra , Lettenmeier Michael 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe Hot Spot Analysis developed by the Wuppertal Institute is a screening tool focussing on the demand of reliable sustainability‐oriented decision‐making processes in complex value chains identifying high priority areas (“hot spots”) for effective measures in companies. This paper aims to focus on this tool.Design/methodology/approachThe Hot Spot Analysis is a qualitative method following a cradle‐to‐cradle approach. With the examples of coffee and cream cheese hot spots of sustainability indicators throughout the entire life cycle are identified and evaluated with data from literature reviews and expert consultations or stakeholder statements. This paper focuses on the indicator resource efficiency as an example of how the methodology works.FindingsThe identified hot spots for coffee are the raw material procurement phase in terms of abiotic material, water and energy consumption, the production phase concerning biotic material and the energy consumption in the use phase. For cream cheese relevant hot spots appear in the raw material procurement phase in terms of biotic materials and water as well as biotic materials and energy consumption during the production phase.Research limitations/implicationsLife cycle analyses connected to indicators like resource efficiency need to be applied as consequent steps of a Hot Spot Analysis if a deeper level of analysis is eventually aimed at which is more cost and time intensive in the short term. The Hot Spot Analysis can be combined with other sustainability management instruments.Practical implicationsResearch and management can be directed to hot spots of sustainability potential quickly which pays off in the long term.Originality/valueThe paper shows that companies can address sustainability potentials relatively cost moderately.
The impact of regulation and policy on radical eco‐innovation
Authors: Leitner Alexander , Wehrmeyer Walter , France Chris 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to review how current policy instruments drive (or not) environmental innovation and, by doing so, to reinvestigate the relationship between innovation and regulation.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive literature review on innovation and environmental regulation created a theoretical foundation of the paper. Using the grounded theory, a model was developed and evaluated using interviews. This is a timely topic as the new shape of recent environmental regulation appears to be fairly strict. A new model is presented to encapsulate highly dynamic interaction of environmental innovation and regulation to provide results that reflect on the present innovation behaviour and its implications.FindingsThe model highlights various diffusion pathways that are triggered by the main three drivers of innovation namely government (regulation), market (competition and cost) and technology which has the possibility of an autonomous diffusion.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical data are limited to 13 qualitative experts' interviews within industry, consultancies and governmental departments.Practical implicationsThe suggested model is particularly useful for policy makers to better understand the innovation dynamics and its diffusion pathways to design smarter regulations that incentivise rather than force organisations to comply with regulation.Originality/valueThe paper shows how regulation drives (or not) innovation and how various diffusion pathways can be used by external stakeholders to direct and promote innovation.
Encouraging sustainable business practices using incentives: a practitioner's view
Authors: Goetz Kimberly S. 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis conceptual paper aims to present a new framework for the use of incentives when encouraging small businesses to adopt more sustainable business practices. It seeks to identify and categorize various types of incentives.Design/methodology/approachThe incentives framework was designed as a practical tool for use during the development of a small business sustainability program. Although conceptual in nature, the framework is based on research conducted by the Washington State (USA) Department of Ecology that used, in part, a modified grounded theory approach.FindingsIn addition to identifying and categorizing potential incentives, the paper presents an overview of mainstream thought on incentives and argues that incentives and disincentives are significantly different concepts. The paper identifies seven potential barriers to implementing incentives and summarizes potential solutions to those barriers. It also explains how incentives can be used to encourage sustainable behavior and corporate social responsibility reporting.Practical implicationsThe framework presented is intended to assist practitioners develop and structure incentive programs. It is also intended to provide guidance to practitioners regarding the current mainstream paradigm on incentives and recommends changes to that paradigm.Originality/valueThe framework presented is entirely original. No similar framework appears to currently exist.
Internet‐supported sustainability reporting: developments in Germany
Authors: Herzig Christian , Godemann Jasmin 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to explore trends in the use of internet‐supported sustainability reporting for German DAX30 companies. Particular focus is to be given to the question of the extent that these companies use the more effective internet‐specific methods of provision, accessibility, comprehensibility and dialogue compared to print‐based reporting systems in the dissemination of information to, and communication with, stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on data from three studies in 2004, 2005 and 2007. The research is based on quantitative content analysis from these studies and on an additional e‐mail survey in 2005.FindingsAnalysis shows an overall increase in the use of internet‐specific approaches on sustainability web sites between 2004 and 2007. Particular attention has been paid to developments to improve the access and comprehensibility of information on sustainability. There remains a great deal of potential for improvement in the use of tools for stakeholder dialogue, in the introduction of customised reporting elements and in the use of other internet technologies to improve the dissemination of past and present information. It seems that companies increasingly consider internet features to be useful for reducing information costs for companies and stakeholders but not for enhancing corporate value through more intensive and credible dialogue. The findings also indicate a shortfall in communicating trade‐offs and conflicts between environmental, social and economic impacts of businesses.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to outline trends in the use of corporate sustainability reporting via the internet. The paper also extends previous empirical research in Germany that focused on printed sustainability reports.
Sustainable development management systems in global business organizations
Authors: Sealy Ian , Wehrmeyer Walter , France Chris , Leach Matt 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to identify a requirement for a new sustainable development management system (SMS) model for global business organizations (GBOs) and proposes some essential features for such a model.Design/methodology/approachThe concept is developed in four stages. First, a definition of a GBO is developed, after reviewing existing definitions and identifying their limitations. The characteristics of GBOs are reviewed, with emphasis on their implications for the management of sustainability programmes. A review of SMS literature and of existing SMS codes and standards has been made, and the limitations of existing SMSs are critically reviewed. Drawing on this three‐part analysis, a new model of an SMS suitable for use in GBOs is described.FindingsExisting definitions of global business organizations are inadequate. Existing sustainability management systems standards and codes do not meet the requirements of global businesses (or indeed of other, regional businesses) in several respects.Originality/valueThe paper shows that there are special requirements for SMSs in GBOs, and that these are not met by any of the existing models or proposals in the literature. The paper proposes a new model, which combines best‐practice from existing literature with new features.
Learning to lead: evaluating leadership and organizational learning
Authors: Atwood Meredith A. , Mora Jordan W. , Kaplan Abram W. 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate leadership diffusion in a federal agency within the context of organizational learning and culture change.Design/methodology/approachUsing an innovative 360 degree survey assessment method, the impact of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Leadership Program (LP) was examined. A series of statistical tests was performed to analyze the role of familiarity and exposure in predicting leadership behavior and to compare the level of leadership behavior among co‐workers based on exposure to the LP.FindingsThe findings indicate that familiarity is a critical predictor of behavior change across all co‐worker subgroups. Increased exposure to the LP results in stronger, more consistent predictive models. Finally, co‐workers with higher exposure to the LP have increased levels of leadership behavior.Research limitations/implicationsThe results in the study suggest that, in order to promote leadership and organizational learning, familiarity with leadership skills is essential. Furthermore, the greater the familiarity with leadership through at‐work interaction, the more likely co‐workers are to learn and apply leadership techniques.Originality/valueThe study is especially unique and valuable due to the advanced 360 degree assessment which acts as a tool to measure the diffusion of leadership principles from LP participants to co‐workers, while also analyzing the role of participant interaction with co‐workers following their participation in a leadership class.
Conceptualising spiritual leadership in secular organizational contexts and its relation to transformational, servant and environmental leadership
Authors: Crossman Joanna 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the concept and context of spiritual leadership in secular organizational contexts and to highlight some ways in which spiritual leadership relates to other existing value‐based theories such as transformational, servant and the emerging environmental leadership.Design/methodology/approachA review of scholarly works on spiritual leadership is presented.FindingsThe paper concludes that, while some synergies exist between spiritual leadership and other value‐based theories, a deepening of the theoretical understandings of spiritual leadership in relation to other leadership theories is necessary.Practical implicationsHaving identified the qualitative and quantitative benefits of spiritual leadership as well as some possible dangers in implementation strategies, a clarification of its nature in relation to other leadership theories will assist organizations considering its role and how it might be developed among personnel.Originality/valueThe paper makes an unusual contribution in highlighting and clarifying the relationship of spiritual leadership to other value‐based leadership theories and contributes to critical and theoretical understandings, essential in developing spiritual leadership from its status as a concept to one as a potential workable paradigm within organizations.
Servant leadership as antecedent of trust in organizations
Authors: Sendjaya Sen , Pekerti Andre 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThis study sets out to examine the impact of servant leadership (SL) on followers' trust in their leaders.Design/methodology/approachData from 555 employees of two educational institutions were obtained using measures of servant leadership behaviors and followers' trust in their leader.FindingsServant leadership is a significant predictor of trust with covenantal relationship, responsible morality and transforming influence as the key servant leadership behaviors significantly contributing to followers' trust in their leaders. Subordinates who perceived high servant leadership behavior in their leaders had significantly higher trust levels compared with those who perceived low servant leadership behavior in their leaders.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the relationship between leadership and trust has attracted scholarly interests for many years, the underlying process of how trust in the leader‐follower relationships is developed remains unknown. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by empirically testing the linkages between servant leadership behavior and followers' trust in their leaders.Practical implicationsThe study suggested specific trust‐building behaviors in which leaders should continually engage: articulation of a shared vision, role‐modeling, demonstration of concern and respect for followers, and integrity‐infused decisions and actions.Originality/valueThe current study represents the first large‐scale attempt that empirically tests the linkages between servant leadership behavior and followers' trust in their leaders.