bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MR elastography of the ex vivo bovine globe
Authors: Litwiller Daniel V. , Lee Sung J. , Kolipaka Arunark , Mariappan Yogesh K. , Glaser Kevin J. , Pulido Jose S. , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the feasibility of using MR elastography (MRE) to assess the mechanical properties of the eye.Materials and Methods:The elastic properties of the corneoscleral shell of an intact, enucleated bovine globe specimen were estimated using MRE and finite element modeling (FEM), assuming linear, isotropic behavior. The two‐dimensional (2D), axisymetric model geometry was derived from a segmented 2D MR image, and estimations of the Young's modulus in both the cornea and sclera were made at various intraocular pressures using an iterative flexural wave speed matching algorithm.Results:Estimated values of the Young's moduli of the cornea and sclera varied from 40 to 185 kPa and 1 to 7 MPa, respectively, over an intraocular pressure range of 0.85 to 9.05 mmHg (1.2 to 12.3 cmH2O). They also varied exponentially as functions of both wave speed and intraocular dP/dV, an empirical measure of “ocular rigidity.”Conclusion:These results show that it is possible to estimate the intrinsic elastic properties of the corneoscleral shell in an ex vivo bovine globe, suggesting that MRE may provide a useful means to assess the mechanical properties of the eye and its anatomy. Further development of the technique and modeling process will enhance its potential, and further investigations are needed to determine its clinical potential. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:44–51. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vital signs and cognitive function are not affected by 23‐sodium and 17‐oxygen magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain at 9.4 T
Authors: Atkinson Ian C. , Sonstegaard Rachel , Pliskin Neil H. , Thulborn Keith R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the effect of 23‐sodium (23Na) and 17‐oxygen (17O) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 9.4 (T) on vital signs and cognitive function of the human brain.Materials and Methods:Vital sign and cognitive function measurements from healthy volunteers (N = 14) positioned outside and at isocenter of a 9.4 T scanner before and after 23Na and 17O MRI were compared for changes due to exposure to the static magnetic field and to the gradient switching and radiofrequency radiation during MRI.Results:Exposure to the 9.4 T static magnetic field and 23Na and 17O MRI at 105.92 MHz and 54.25 MHz, respectively, did not have a statistically significant (P > 0.05) effect on the vital signs or cognitive function of healthy normal adults.Conclusion:23Na and 17O MRI of the human brain at 9.4 T does not have any readily demonstrated health risks reflected in vital signs or change in cognitive performance. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:82–87. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detecting blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast in the breast
Authors: Rakow‐Penner Rebecca , Daniel Bruce , Glover Gary H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To develop a robust technique for detecting blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast in the human breast and to evaluate the signal in healthy and malignant breast.Materials and Methods:The design of this study focused on determining the optimal pulse sequence and stimulus for detecting BOLD contrast in the breast. For this study a single‐shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) sequence was compared to a gradient echo (GRE) pulse sequence. Also, several hyperoxic stimuli were tested on 15 healthy volunteers to determine the best stimulus for inducing BOLD contrast in the breast: air interleaved with carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2), air interleaved with oxygen, and oxygen interleaved with carbogen. The stimulus with the most consistent results among the healthy population was tested on three breast cancer patients.Results:An SSFSE pulse sequence produced improved BOLD contrast results in the breast compared to a GRE pulse sequence. Oxygen interleaved with carbogen yielded the most consistent results in the healthy population. BOLD contrast in healthy glandular breast tissue positively correlates with carbogen and malignant tissue mostly negatively correlates to carbogen.Conclusion:BOLD contrast can consistently be detected in the breast using a robust protocol. This methodology may be used in the future as a noninvasive method for evaluating tumor oxygenation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:120–129. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of dual to single contrast bolus magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of significant coronary artery disease
Authors: Groothuis Jan G.J. , Kremers Frans P.P.J. , Beek Aernout M. , Brinckman Stijn L. , Tuinenburg Alvin C. , Jerosch‐Herold Michael , van Rossum Albert C. , Hofman Mark B.M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the incremental diagnostic value of dual‐bolus over single‐contrast‐bolus first pass magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging (MR‐MPI) for detection of significant coronary artery disease (CAD).Materials and Methods:Patients (n = 49) with suspected CAD underwent first pass adenosine stress and rest MR‐MPI and invasive coronary angiography (CA). Gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) was injected with a prebolus (1 mL) and a large bolus (0.1 mmol/kg). For the single‐bolus technique, the arterial input function (AIF) was obtained from the large‐contrast bolus. For the dual‐bolus technique, the AIF was reconstructed from the prebolus. Absolute myocardial perfusion was calculated by Fermi‐model constrained deconvolution. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to investigate diagnostic accuracy of MR myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of significant CAD on CA at vessel‐based analysis.Results:The area under the curve (AUC) of the minimal stress perfusion value for the detection of significant CAD using the single‐bolus and dual‐bolus technique was 0.85 ± 0.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.93) and 0.77 ± 0.05 (95% CI, 0.67–0.86), respectively.Conclusion:In this study the dual‐bolus technique had no incremental diagnostic value over single‐bolus technique for detection of significant CAD with the used contrast concentrations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:88–93. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utility of diffusion‐weighted MRI in distinguishing benign and malignant hepatic lesions
Authors: Miller Frank H. , Hammond Nancy , Siddiqi Aheed J. , Shroff Sagar , Khatri Gaurav , Wang Yi , Merrick Laura B. , Nikolaidis Paul 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for characterization of a variety of focal liver lesions and specifically for differentiation of solid benign lesions (focal nodular hyperplasia [FNH] and adenomas) from solid malignant neoplasms (metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) in a large case series.Materials and Methods:A total of 542 lesions in 382 patients were evaluated. ADC values were measured in 166 hemangiomas, 112 hepatomas, 107 metastases, 95 cysts, 10 abscesses, 43 FNH, and nine adenomas. ADCs of 1.5 and 1.6 (×10−3 mm2/second) were selected as threshold values to separate benign and malignant lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated. Comparisons were carried out with studentized range test.Results:There was high interobserver agreement in ADC measurements for all lesion types. The mean ADCs for cysts was 3.40 (×10 −3 mm2/second), hemangiomas 2.26, FNH 1.79, adenomas 1.49, abscesses 1.97, HCC 1.53, and metastases 1.50. The mean ADC for benign lesions was 2.50 and for malignant lesions was 1.52. Cysts were easily distinguished from other lesions. There was, however, overlap between solid benign and malignant lesions.Conclusion:Benign lesions have higher mean ADC values than malignant lesions. However, ADC values of solid benign lesions (FNH and adenomas) are similar to malignant lesions (metastases, HCC) limiting the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for differentiating solid liver masses. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:138–147. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of human papillomavirus types in the anogenital tract of females and males
Authors: Barzon Luisa , Militello Valentina , Pagni Silvana , Franchin Elisa , Dal Bello Federico , Mengoli Carlo , Palù Giorgio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection in both men and women, but there are limited data comparing the prevalence of HPV infection between genders and in different anogenital sites. This cross‐sectional analysis describes the distribution of HPV types in the genital tract of 3,410 consecutive females and 1,033 males undergoing voluntary screening for HPV and referred to a single institution. The relationship between specific HPV types and the presence of anogenital lesions was examined. In both females and males, the overall prevalence of HPV infection was about 40%. A wide variety of HPV types was identified, but the prevalence of different types was remarkably similar in the two genders, even when considering different anatomical sites. HPV‐6 was the most frequent (prevalence 13%) type in all anogenital sites in men followed by HPV‐16 (7%), while HPV‐16 was the most common type in women (about 6%), either in the cervix, vagina, or vulva, followed by HPV‐6. In addition to HPV‐16, HPV‐58, HPV‐33, HPV‐31, and HPV‐56 were the carcinogenic types detected most commonly and were significantly associated with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions, while HPV‐53 and HPV‐66 were the most common among possibly carcinogenic types. In both genders, anogenital warts were associated with HPV‐6 and HPV‐11 infection, and, less frequently, with other types, like HPV‐54, HPV‐62, and HPV‐66. These results show that genital HPV infection involves numerous HPV types, which have similar distribution patterns in females and males and in different anogenital anatomical sites. J. Med. Virol. 82:1424–1430, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allele‐specific conventional reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction as a screening assay for discriminating influenza a H1N1 (H275Y) oseltamivir‐resistant and wild‐type viruses
Authors: Ngai Karry L.K. , Lam Wai‐Yip , Lee Nelson , Leung Ting Fan , Hui David S.C. , Chan Paul K.S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn early 2008, a sudden increase in oseltamivir (Tamiflu®)‐resistant influenza A H1N1 viruses was reported from several European countries. This resistant virus has spread globally and accounted for more than 95% of H1N1 viruses isolated in the following influenza season. A continuous close monitoring on the prevalence of this resistant virus is necessary to rationalize the choice of antiviral agents. The resistance of this novel strain to oseltamivir is conferred by an amino acid substitution from histidine to tyrosine at position 275 (H275Y) of the neuraminidase protein. This study developed and evaluated allele‐specific conventional reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (cRT‐PCR) assays to provide a simple, rapid, and low‐cost option for discriminating oseltamivir‐resistant influenza A H1N1 (H275Y) mutant from wild‐type viruses. The evaluation was based on 90 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens collected before, during the initial phase and at the peak of emergence of resistance. Thirty‐six (40%) of these specimens were H275Y mutant, whereas the other 54 (60%) were wild‐type viruses as confirmed by sequencing of the neuraminidase gene. When applied directly on the 90 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens, the allele‐specific cRT‐PCR assays achieved an unequivocal discrimination for 82 (91%) specimens. Further improvement in performance is expected when applied to cell culture isolates with a higher viral titer. These allele‐specific cRT‐PCR assays can be a simple, low‐cost option for large‐scale screening of influenza isolates. J. Med. Virol. 82:1295–1298, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple routes of hepatitis C virus transmission among injection drug users in Hai Phong, Northern Vietnam
Authors: Tanimoto Tomoaki , Cuong Nguyen Hung , Ishizaki Azumi , Chung Phan Thi Thu , Huyen Hoang Thi Thanh , Trung Nguyen Vu , Kageyama Seiji , Oka Shinichi , Thuc Pham Van , Ichimura Hiroshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo identify hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission routes among injection drug users in Northern Vietnam, plasma samples were collected from 486 drug users in Hai Phong. Plasma viral RNA was extracted from 323 (66.5%) samples that were positive for anti‐HCV antibodies. Portions of the HCV 5′‐untranslated (5′UTR)‐Core and NS5B genes were amplified by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, sequenced directly, and genotyped in 194 and 195 specimens, respectively. Both regions were genotyped in 137 specimens. In the 5′UTR‐Core region, genotype 6a was predominant (32.5%), followed by genotype 1a (23.7%), genotype 1b (20.6%), and genotype 6e (14.4%). In the NS5B region, genotype 1a was predominant (42.6%), followed by genotype 1b (24.1%), genotype 6a (14.4%), genotype 3b (7.2%), and genotype 6e (5.1%). Of the 137 specimens with both regions genotyped, 23 (16.8%) showed discordant genotyping results between the two regions, suggesting possible recombination and/or dual infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close associations between Hai Phong strains and strains from Southern China: the Yunnan province for genotype 3b; the Guangxi province for genotype 6e; the USA for genotype 1a; and Southern Vietnam for genotypes 1a and 6e. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rate among HCV‐infected injection drug users was 52.6–55.4% and did not differ significantly by HCV genotype. Most drug users infected with HIV‐1 [98.8% (171/173)] were co‐infected with HCV. These results suggest multiple routes of HCV transmission among injection drug users in Northern Vietnam that may also be HIV transmission routes. J. Med. Virol. 82:1355–1363, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of human papillomavirus infection in north Taiwan
Authors: Wang Chin‐Hung , Garvilles Ronald Garingalao , Chen Chung‐Yung 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) is very important for the evaluation of preventative strategies for cervical cancer. The major objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of different genotypes of HPV in north Taiwan to contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of HPV infections. Papanicolaou (Pap) cervical smears were collected from 10,543 women aged between 14 and 87 years. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA array hybridization techniques were used to genotype 51 different HPV strains. HPV was detected in 1,577 women, which gave an overall HPV prevalence rate of 15%. Forty‐eight different genotypes were found in these patients, which included 9.7% that were high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) genotypes. The most common types of HR‐HPV in patients, in descending order of frequency, were HPV 52, 16, 58, 56, 39, 51, 18, 68, 31, 33, 59, 45, and 35. HPV 52 was the most frequent type in every age group. The four most common HR‐HPV types were found in 56.6% of the patients infected with HR‐HPV. In cases that were infected with multiple HPV genotypes, 69.2% had at least one HR‐HPV genotype. The rate of infection with HR‐HPV was higher in the younger age groups than the older ones. In conclusion, 48 HPV genotypes were identified from a large study of cervical screening samples and the prevalence of HPV genotypes in different age groups was very diverse. The formulation of a public health strategy for HPV vaccination should take into account the prevalence of various HR‐HPV/LR‐HPV genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 82:1416–1423, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validity of the rapid strip assay test for detecting HBsAg in patients admitted to hospital in Uganda
Authors: Seremba E. , Ocama P. , Opio C.K. , Kagimu M. , Yuan H.J. , Attar N. , Thomas D.L. , Lee W.M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCommercially available rapid strip assays (RSAs) for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are used for most routine clinical testing in sub‐Saharan Africa. This study evaluated the validity of RSA and a more sophisticated enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with confirmation by nucleic acid testing (NAT) in hospitalized patients in Uganda. Sera from 380 consecutive patients collected and tested for HBsAg and anti‐HIV in Kampala, Uganda by RSA were sent frozen to Dallas for EIA including HBsAg, total anti‐hepatitis B core, hepatitis B e antigen, and anti‐HIV. NAT was performed on all HBsAg‐positives and on a random sample of 102 patients that were HBsAg‐negative by both assays. Overall, 31 (8%) were HBsAg positive by RSA while 50 (13%) were HBsAg‐positive by EIA; 26 were concordant between the two assays. Of 55 HBsAg‐positive patients, nearly all showed detectable serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by bDNA (46) or PCR (4) assay. The 26 patients who were HBsAg positive by both EIA and RSA had significantly higher median serum HBV DNA levels than the 24 patients who were HBsAg positive by EIA alone. An additional 12/102 (12%) HBsAg negative patients had very low serum HBV DNA levels by NAT. Several differences in expected results of serologic testing were observed in this large series of African patients. RSA HBsAg testing is less sensitive than EIA; even EIA failed to detect all HBV DNA positive sera. A more complex testing protocol than RSA alone will be needed in Africa to improve patient care. J. Med. Virol. 82:1334–1340, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FasL/Fas pathway is involved in dengue virus induced apoptosis of the vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Liao Hongwu , Xu Juan , Huang Junqi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe hallmark of the dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome is hematologic abnormality. The pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome remains unknown. Our work showed that the dengue virus serotype‐2 induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Fas (CD95), Tumor Necrosis Factor receptors, and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptors are the most common death receptors, which can induce apoptosis. Compared with the untreated human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Fas expression was increased both in the mRNA level and on the surface of infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells. FasL was expressed at similar levels on human umbilical vein endothelial cells over a course of dengue virus serotype‐2 infection, but the expression in mRNA level was increased in infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells. It is possible that there is soluble FasL secreted from human umbilical vein endothelial cells in the supernatant. Tumor Necrosis Factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptor 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor receptors 1–2 were constantly very low, whereas Tumor Necrosis Factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptors 2–4 decreased after dengue virus serotype‐2 infection. This result suggested that dengue virus serotype‐2 may inhibit Tumor Necrosis Factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptors‐induced apoptosis. The apoptotic rates in human umbilical vein endothelial cells were decreased upon the addition of caspase family inhibitors. In addition, activated caspase 8 and caspase 3 were also observed by Western blot following dengue virus serotype‐2 infection. Thus, it is shown that the Fas/FasL pathway may participate in dengue virus‐induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. J. Med. Virol. 82:1392–1399, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Newly identified respiratory viruses in children with asthma exacerbation not requiring admission to hospital
Authors: Arden Katherine E. , Chang Anne B. , Lambert Stephen B. , Nissen Michael D. , Sloots Theo P. , Mackay Ian M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThere are few data describing the comprehensive identification in and influence of newly identified respiratory viruses on asthma exacerbations. Most studies focus on inpatients. In this preliminary study, the point prevalence and the associations of picornavirus species described recently and human bocavirus (HBoV) with the recovery from exacerbations in non‐hospitalized asthmatic children (median age 5.1 years) were examined. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) were present in 52.6% of specimens, HBoV‐1 was in 7.7%. Viral co‐detections occurred in 25.6% of children and were associated (P = 0.04) with lower asthma quality of life scores upon presentation than were single viral detections. The undifferentiated presence or absence of virus did not influence the severity of asthma or recovery however when virus species were examined individually, specific clinical associations emerged. HRV species C (HRV‐Cs) were the viruses most frequently detected as single virus detections. Among 41 genotyped HRVs, more HRV‐Cs (n = 23) were identified than HRV‐As (n = 16) however HRV‐A detection was associated (P = 0.01) with worse asthma symptoms and cough for longer than was HRV‐C detection. Larger, PCR‐based studies are required to elucidate further the true impact of HRV species in childhood asthma exacerbations of both hospitalized and non‐hospitalized cohorts. J. Med. Virol. 82:1458–1461, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virological and immunological features of active cytomegalovirus infection in nonimmunosuppressed patients in a surgical and trauma intensive care unit
Authors: Chilet Marifina , Aguilar Gerardo , Benet Isabel , Belda Javier , Tormo Nuria , Carbonell José Antonio , Clari María Ángeles , Costa Elisa , Navarro David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurs frequently in critically ill patients. The natural course of CMV infection and the interaction between CMV and the adaptive immune system in this setting remain poorly defined. Fifty‐three CMV‐seropositive patients in a surgical and trauma intensive care unit were included in this study. The CMV DNA load in tracheal aspirates (TA) and plasma (PL) was monitored by qPCR. CMV‐specific T‐cell immunity was assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. Plasma TNF‐α levels were determined by ELISA. CMV reactivation occurred in 39.7% of patients (23% had CMV DNA detected only in TA). The analysis of TA allowed an earlier diagnosis in 28% of patients. Clearance of CMV DNAemia preceded that of CMV DNA in TA in some episodes. Peak CMV DNA levels were significantly higher in TA than in PL (P = 0.02). CMV reactivation developed in the presence of CMV‐specific T cells. Termination of CMV reactivation was associated with an expansion of functional CMV‐specific T cells. Plasma levels of TNF‐α did not allow for the prediction of the occurrence of CMV reactivation. CMV‐specific T‐cell immunity is preserved in most critically ill patients experiencing CMV reactivation. Analysis of respiratory specimens is imperative for an optimal monitoring of CMV reactivation in this setting. J. Med. Virol. 82:1384–1391, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.