bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matched‐cohort study of body composition, physical function, and quality of life in men with idiopathic vertebral fracture
Authors: Macdonald Jamie H. , Evans Sally F. , Davies Helen L. , Wilson Sally , Davie Michael W. J. , Sharp Christopher A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of 6 years of routine management on body composition, physical functioning, and quality of life, and their interrelationships, in men with idiopathic vertebral fracture.MethodsTwenty men with idiopathic vertebral fracture (patients: mean ± SD age 58 ± 6 years) were age and height matched to 28 healthy controls with no known disease. The primary outcome was skeletal muscle mass (appendicular lean mass by dual x‐ray absorptiometry) assessed at 2 visits (0 and 6 years). Physical functioning and quality of life domains were assessed by the Senior Fitness Test and Short Form 36 (SF‐36) questionnaire at visit 2 only. Data were analyzed by repeated‐measures analysis of variance, independent t‐tests, and correlation.ResultsAt visit 1, appendicular lean mass was 9% lower in patients than controls. Although patients better maintained appendicular lean mass between visits (interaction P = 0.016), at visit 2 appendicular lean mass remained 5% lower in patients than controls. Furthermore, patients' appendicular lean mass change was correlated with femoral neck bone density change (r = 0.507, P = 0.023). Physical function tests were 13–27% lower in patients compared with controls (P = 0.056 to 0.003), as were SF‐36 quality of life physical domains (13–26% lower; P = 0.028 to <0.001).ConclusionDespite an association between changes in muscle mass and bone density, routine management of men with idiopathic vertebral fracture does not address muscle loss. Combined with the observation of reduced physical functioning and quality of life, this study identifies novel targets for intervention in men with idiopathic vertebral fracture.
Incident vertebral fractures among children with rheumatic disorders 12 months after glucocorticoid initiation: A national observational study
Authors: Rodd Celia , Lang Bianca , Ramsay Timothy , Alos Nathalie , Huber Adam M. , Cabral David A. , Scuccimarri Rosie , Miettunen Paivi M. , Roth Johannes , Atkinson Stephanie A. , Couch Robert , Cummings Elizabeth A. , Dent Peter B. , Ellsworth Janet , Hay John , Houghton Kristin , Jurencak Roman , Larché Maggie , LeBlanc Claire , Oen Kiem , Saint‐Cyr Claire , Stein Robert , Stephure David , Taback Shayne , Lentle Brian , Matzinger Maryann , Shenouda Nazih , Moher David , Rauch Frank , Siminoski Kerry , Ward Leanne M. ,   Canadian Steroid‐Associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (STOPP) Consortium
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency of incident vertebral fractures (IVF) 12 months after glucocorticoid (GC) initiation in children with rheumatic diseases and to identify children at higher risk.MethodsChildren with rheumatic diseases initiating GC were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Annual spine radiographs were evaluated using the Genant semiquantitative method. Spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured every 6 months. Clinical features, including cumulative GC dose, back pain, disease and physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, and spine aBMD Z scores, were analyzed for association with IVF.ResultsSeven (6%) of 118 children (95% confidence interval 2.9–11.7%) had IVF. Their diagnoses were: juvenile dermatomyositis (n = 2), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 3), systemic vasculitis (n = 1), and mixed connective tissue disease (n = 1). One child was omitted from the analyses after 4 months because of osteoporosis treatment for symptomatic IVF. Children with IVF received on average 50% more GC than those without (P = 0.030), had a greater increase in body mass index (BMI) at 6 months (P = 0.010), and had greater decrements in spine aBMD Z scores in the first 6 months (P = 0.048). Four (67%) of 6 children with IVF and data to 12 months had spine aBMD Z scores less than −2.0 at 12 months compared to 16% of children without IVF (P = 0.011).ConclusionThe incidence of VF 12 months following GC initiation was 6%; most children were asymptomatic. Children with IVF received more GC, had greater increases in BMI, and had greater declines in spine aBMD Z scores in the first 6 months.
A Mussel Adhesive Protein Fused with the BC Domain of Protein A is a Functional Linker Material that Efficiently Immobilizes Antibodies onto Diverse Surfaces
Authors: Kim Chang Sup , Choi Yoo Seong , Ko Wooree , Seo Jeong Hyun , Lee Jieun , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe efficient immobilization of antibodies onto solid surfaces is vital for the sensitivity and specificity of various immunoassays and immunosensors. A novel linker protein, BC‐MAP, is designed and produced in Escherichia coli by genetically fusing mussel adhesive protein (MAP) with two domains (B and C) of protein A (antibody‐binding protein) for efficient antibody immobilization on diverse surfaces. Through direct surface‐coating analyses, it is found that BC‐MAP successfully coats diverse surfaces including glass, polymers, and metals, but the BC domain alone does not. Importantly, antibodies are efficiently immobilized on BC‐MAP‐coated surfaces, and the immobilized antibodies interact selectively with their corresponding antigen. Quartz‐crystal‐microbalance analyses show that BC‐MAP has excellent antibody‐binding ability compared to that of BC protein on gold surfaces. These results demonstrate that the MAP domain, with uniquely strong underwater adhesive properties, plays a role in the direct and efficient coating of BC‐MAP molecules onto diverse surfaces that lack additional surface treatment, and the BC domain of BC‐MAP contributes to the selective and oriented immobilization of antibodies on BC‐MAP‐coated surfaces. Thus, the BC‐MAP fusion protein could be a valuable novel linker material for the facile and efficient immobilization of antibodies onto diverse solid supports.
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β‐Acyloxy and β‐Acylamino α,β‐Unsaturated Phosphonates Catalyzed by Rhodium Phosphane‐Phosphite Complexes
Authors: Chávez M. Ángeles , Vargas Sergio , Suárez Andrés , Álvarez Eleuterio , Pizzano Antonio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe enantioselective hydrogenation of β‐(acyloxy)‐ and β‐(acylamino)vinylphosphonates with rhodium catalysts based on chiral phosphane‐phosphite ligands has been studied. In the case of the β‐(acyloxy)vinylphosphonates, the reaction also produces an achiral phosphonate resulting from the elimination of the benzoate group. High ligand modularity has led to a highly chemo‐ and enantioselective catalyst for both types of substrates, which afford a good range of β‐acyloxy‐ and β‐acylaminophosphonates with enantioselectivities between 90 and 99% ee. Most interestingly, the configuration of the hydrogenation products indicates the same stereochemical sense for the reduction of both types of substrates, which is opposite to that observed before for α‐(acyloxy)vinylphosphonates. This observation has been rationalized by assuming the formation of a β‐alkyl intermediate during the catalytic cycle, which also explains the formation of the elimination product in the hydrogenation of the β‐(acyloxy)‐vinylphosphonates.
Stereoselective Reduction of 2‐Hydroxy Ketones towards syn‐ and anti‐1,2‐Diols
Authors: Husain Syed Masood , Stillger Thomas , Dünkelmann Pascal , Lödige Melanie , Walter Lydia , Breitling Elke , Pohl Martina , Bürchner Mara , Krossing Ingo , Müller Michael , Romano Diego , Molinari Francesco 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStereoselective reduction of 2‐hydroxy ketones should in principle give access to syn‐ and anti‐1,2‐diols. anti‐1,2‐Diols are accessible in a highly selective way using zinc borohydride [Zn(BH4)2] under chelation control (dr>20:1). Diastereoselective reduction of unprotected or even protected 2‐hydroxy ketones towards syn‐1,2‐diols could be achieved only with moderate selectivity of dr≤5:1. Even when using sterically demanding protecting groups and/or polymer‐supported borohydride reagents high selectivity could not be achieved. A new ionic liquid‐dependent borohydride reduction method, although highly attractive with respect to reaction engineering, resulted in only moderate to good selectivity. An efficient two‐step biocatalytic method for the synthesis of syn‐1,2‐diols is described. The method relies on the whole‐cell Pichia glucozyma‐catalyzed stereoselective reduction of the unprotected (R)‐2‐hydroxy ketones (dr>10:1). The latter are accessible through thiamine diphosphate‐dependent enzyme‐catalyzed synthesis starting from simple aldehydes. Thus, biocatalytic transformations enable a process which is hardly accessible through present non‐enzymatic methods.
Enzymatic Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Aliphatic, Aromatic and Arylaliphatic Amines with (R)‐Selective Amine Transaminases
Authors: Schätzle Sebastian , Steffen‐Munsberg Fabian , Thontowi Ahmad , Höhne Matthias , Robins Karen , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSeven (R)‐selective amine transaminases (R‐ATAs) recently discovered by an in silico‐based approach in sequence databases were produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli and subjected to partial purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation. A range of additives and various buffers were investigated to identify best conditions to ensure good storage stability and stable activity during biocatalysis. All enzymes show pH optima between pH 7.5–9. These R‐ATAs were then applied in the asymmetric synthesis of twelve aliphatic, aromatic and arylaliphatic (R)‐amines starting from the corresponding prochiral ketones using a lactate dehydrogenase/glucose dehydrogenase system to shift the equilibrium. For all ketones, at least one enzyme was found that allows complete conversion to the corresponding chiral amine having excellent optical purities >99% ee. Variations in substrate profiles are also discussed based on the phylogenetic relationships between the seven R‐ATAs. Thus, we have identified a versatile toolbox of (R)‐amine transaminases showing remarkable properties for application in biocatalysis.
Exposure to tobacco smoke and prevalence of symptoms decreased among Finnish Restaurant workers after the smoke‐free law
Authors: Reijula Jere P. , Johnsson Tom S.‐E. , Kaleva P. Simo , Reijula Kari E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of tobacco legislation and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in bars and restaurants were assessed in a national survey.MethodsQuestionnaire surveys among restaurant workers were conducted in 2007 before the smoking ban, and in 2009.ResultsThe exposure to ETS decreased significantly after the launch of the 2007 smoke‐free law. During 2007–2009, the prevalence of those restaurant workers with no exposure increased from 54% to 82% (P‐value < 0.0001), and among bartenders from 10% to 70% (P < 0.0001). Employees exposed daily for more than 4 hr decreased from 24% to 4% (P < 0.0001) and from 67% to 9% among bartenders (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of respiratory symptoms decreased from 18% to 4% (P < 0.0001) and of eye symptoms from 23% to 6% (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe reform of tobacco legislation in 2007, which prohibited smoking in restaurants and bars, significantly decreased the exposure to ETS and the prevalence of symptoms among restaurant workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:37–43, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
No evidence of Neandertal admixture in the mitochondrial genomes of early European modern humans and contemporary Europeans
Authors: Ghirotto Silvia , Tassi Francesca , Benazzo Andrea , Barbujani Guido 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNeandertals, the archaic human form documented in Eurasia until 29,000 years ago, share no mitochondrial haplotype with modern Europeans. Whether this means that the two groups were reproductively isolated is controversial, and indeed nuclear data have been interpreted as suggesting that they admixed. We explored the range of demographic parameters that may have generated the observed mitochondrial diversity, simulating 3.0 million genealogies under six models differing as for the relationships among contemporary Europeans, Neandertals, and Upper Palaeolithic European early modern humans (EEMH), who coexisted with Neandertals for millennia. We compared by Approximate Bayesian Computations the simulation results with mitochondrial diversity in 7 Neandertals, 3 EEMH, and 150 opportunely chosen modern Europeans. A model of genealogical continuity between EEMH and contemporary Europeans, with no Neandertal contribution, received overwhelming support from the analyses. The maximum degree of Neandertal admixture, under the model of gene flow supported by nuclear data, was estimated at 1.5%, but this model proved 20–32 times less likely than a model without any gene flow. Nuclear and mitochondrial evidence might be reconciled if smaller population sizes led to faster lineage sorting for mitochondrial DNA, and Neandertals shared a longer period of common ancestry with the non‐African's than with the African's ancestors. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative insights into the regulation of inflammation: Levels and predictors of interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 in young adults in the Philippines
Authors: McDade Thomas W. , Tallman Paula S. , Adair Linda S. , Borja Judith , Kuzawa Christopher W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractInflammation is a central part of innate immunity, but its role in anti‐pathogen defenses has been overshadowed by recent interest in the contribution of inflammation to a wide range of chronic degenerative diseases. Current research on chronic inflammation is conducted primarily in affluent populations with low levels of infectious disease; comparative research in different ecological settings is needed to advance understandings of the causes and consequences of variation in the regulation of inflammation. This article investigates the levels and predictors of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)—two cytokines important to the regulation of inflammation—in a large, population‐based study in the Philippines. Concentrations of IL‐6 and IL‐10 were determined in N = 1,569 healthy young adults (20–22 years) in Metro Cebu, Philippines. IL‐6 and IL‐10 concentrations were positively correlated, and body mass index and symptoms of infectious disease were both associated with higher concentrations of IL‐6 and IL‐10. Median concentrations of IL‐6 (1.0 pg/mL) and IL‐10 (7.56 pg/mL) were substantially lower and higher, respectively, than levels reported for other populations based on a systematic review of prior research. This study contributes to a growing body of research in human ecological immunology, and suggests that there may be substantial population differences in the regulation of inflammation that has implications for the association between inflammation and disease. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deep catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene, ethyl acetate over Pd/SBA‐15 catalyst: reaction behaviors and kinetics
Authors: He Chi , Yue Lin , Zhang Xinyan , Li Peng , Dou Baojuan , Ma Chunyan , Hao Zhengping 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis work aimed at investigating the reaction behaviors and kinetics of catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene, and ethyl acetate over Pd/SBA‐15 catalyst. Results for single components show that toluene (T50 = 185–215 °C) is more easily oxidized than ethyl acetate (T50 = 220–255 °C) and benzene (T50 = 215–290 °C). The conversion of toluene and benzene decreases continuously as their inlet concentrations are increased. The conversion of ethyl acetate increases slightly when its feed concentration increases in a small range, while this trend is not kept when the concentration is further raised. Results for multicomponents reveal that the presence of benzene or toluene inhibits the conversion of ethyl acetate, and the aromatic hydrocarbons inhibit each other. Ethyl acetate has an inhibitory effect on benzene, while it is interested to note that the promotion behaviors are observed for toluene. Kinetic results of all studied volatile organic compounds obtained in the absence of diffusion limitations are fit to the Mars‐van Krevelen expressions. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of pyrolysis condition and coal type on char gasification reactivity
Authors: Wang Xianhua , Chen Hanping , Yang Haiping , Ju Fudong , Zhang Shihong 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe CO2 gasification property of char particles was investigated with pressurized and ambient thermal analyzer with four typical Chinese industrial coals as samples. The influence of pyrolysis pressure and final temperature was analyzed and a new index (specific maximum gasification rate) of char CO2 gasification reactivity was approached. The process of char gasification can be divided into two steps: the thermal cracking and CO2 shifting of volatile hydrocarbon residues and the CO2 shifting of carbon matrix. Higher pressure did not show positive effect on char gasification enhancing as pyrolysis pressure lower than 1.5 MPa, whereas it was accelerated with pressure increasing further as more volatile hydrocarbon left in char particles. Temperature showed variant influence on char gasification with different pyrolysis pressures. There exist some interaction between pyrolysis temperature and pressure. Furthermore, coal type played vital role on char gasification behavior and the specific maximum gasification rate showed great consistency with char gasification behavior. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclohexene oxide mid‐chain functional macromonomer of poly(ε‐caprolactone): Synthesis, characterization, and photoinitiated cationic homo‐ and copolymerization
Authors: Degirmenci Mustafa , Acikses Aslisah , Genli Nasrettin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this study, a novel well‐defined epoxy mid‐chain functional macromonomer of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) has been synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) and epoxidation on workup with 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The ROP of ε‐CL monomer in bulk at 110°C, by means of a dihydroxy functional initiator namely, 3‐cyclohexene‐1,1‐dimethanol in conjunction with stannous‐2‐ethylhexanoate, (Sn(Oct)2), yielded a well‐defined PCL with a cyclohexene mid‐chain group. The epoxidation of the cyclohexene (CH) mid‐chain group of PCL was performed using 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid. GPC, IR, and 1H‐NMR analyses revealed that a low‐polydispersity macromonomer of PCL with the desired cyclohexene oxide (CHO) functionality at the mid‐chain was obtained. The photoinduced cationic polymerizations of this macromonomer yielded comb‐shaped and graft copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Lewis acid mediated polymerization of poly(dimethylsiloxane) polymers: Investigating reaction kinetics using both NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Apedaile Alistair , Liggat John , Parkinson John , Nikiforidis George , Berlouis Leonard , Patel Mogon 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBulk condensation polymerization of (dimethylmethoxy)‐m‐carborane and (dichlorodimethyl)silane occurs in the presence of an Mx+Clx Lewis acid catalyst. In the literature, FeCl3 is commonly used as the catalyst of choice but little is known about the activation energy and entropy of this polymerization. By monitoring using 1H‐NMR the reaction of a methoxy‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) and (dichlorodimethyl)silane the rate determining step in the FeCl3 catalyzed system is determined. The activation energy was calculated to be +43.6 kJ mol−1 and the entropy of the reaction was also calculated. The calculated large entropy of reaction indicates that the transition step is highly ordered. The formation of the electrophile intermediate species in the first step of the reaction has also been investigated using cyclic voltammetry. To the cyclic voltammetry data Randles‐Sevcik fits have been applied to the oxidation peaks to determine the diffusion coefficients for the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+. Also, the initial prediction of a reversible reaction Step 1 was shown to be incorrect as the normalized reduction peak maxima increase with scan rate, indicative of an electron transfer‐chemical reaction mechanism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Characterization of biodegradable polymers by inverse gas chromatography. III. Blends of amylopectin and poly(L‐lactide)
Authors: Zhong Bihuan , Al‐Saigh Zeki Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe morphology changes and surface thermodynamics of blends of amylopectin (AP)–poly(L‐lactide) (PLA) were investigated over a wide range of temperatures and compositions using the inverse gas chromatography method. Twenty‐five solutes were selected such as alkanes, acetates, oxy, halogenated, and six‐member ring families. They provided a variety of specific interactions with the blends' surface. The morphology showed two regions, some others showed a de‐polymerization above 130°C. These zones enabled the estimation of Tg and Tm of AP, PLA, and the blends. Blending AP with PLA caused a decrease in AP's Tg value due to the reduction of the degree of crystallinity of the blend. Exothermic values of χ23 were obtained indicating the compatibility of AP and PLA at all temperatures and weight fractions of AP–PLA. The miscibility was favored at 75%AP, only 25%AP–75%PLA composition influenced the degree of crystallinity. The dispersive component of the surface energy of the blends ranged from 16.09 mJ/m2 for the pure AP as high as 58.36 mJ/m2 at 110°C when AP was mixed with PLA in a 50–50% ratio. The surface energy was at its highest value when the composition was 75% of AP, in good agreement with χ23 values. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Hyperbranched PEI grafted by hydrophilic amino acid segment poly[N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐L‐glutamine] as an efficient nonviral gene carrier
Authors: Chen Jie , Tian Huayu , Guo Zhaopei , Lin Lin , Dong Xuan , Zhu Xiaojuan , Chen Xuesi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA polyethylenimine‐poly(hydroxyethyl glutamine) copolymer (PEI‐PHEG) was designed and synthesized as a gene delivery system. The molecular structure of PEI‐PHEG was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, PEI‐PHEG/pDNA complexes were fabricated and characterized by gel retardation assay, particle size analysis, and zeta potential analysis. The transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of PEI‐PHEG were evaluated using human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), human embryonic kidney (HEK293), and murine colorectal adenocarcinoma (CT26) cells in vitro. The results show that PEI‐PHEG could effectively form positively charged nano‐sized particles with pDNA; the particle size was in a range of 130.2 to 173.0 nm and the zeta potential was in a range of 27.6 to 41.0 mV. PEI‐PHEG exhibited much lower cytotoxicity and higher gene transfection efficiency than PEI‐25K with different cell lines in vitro. An animal test was also conducted on a Lewis Lung Carcinoma tumor model in C57/BL6 mice by using subcutaneous intratumoral administration. The results show that in vivo transfection efficiency of PEI‐PHEG was improved greatly compared with that of commercial PEI‐25K. These results demonstrate that PEI‐PHEG can be a potential nonviral vector for gene delivery systems both in vitro and in vivo. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012