bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is a good source of long chain omega‐3 fatty acids
Authors: Jensen I. J. , Mæhre H. K. , Tømmerås S. , Eilertsen K. E. , Olsen R. L. , Elvevoll E. O. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe limited amount of fish oils available has resulted in an increased use of vegetable oils in the feed for farmed fish, such as Atlantic salmon. The aim of this study was to evaluate how this has affected the fatty acid (FA) composition of farmed Atlantic salmon and to compare the FA composition of 20 farmed Atlantic salmon with that of 20 wild Atlantic salmon caught in the sea. Fillet fat of farmed salmon was about 12%, which is twice that found in wild salmon. The FA composition of the farmed salmon confirmed a substantial inclusion of vegetable oils in the feed, but the total amount of long chain n‐3 FA present in the fillets of farmed salmon was higher than in the wild fish. A standard portion of farmed Atlantic salmon fillet (200 g) provides approximately 2 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is four times higher than the minimum daily intakes recommended by the UK's Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition and the World Health Organisation.
Where Do Unions Add Value? Predominant Organizing Principle, Union Strength and Manufacturing Productivity Growth in the OECD
Authors: Vernon Guy , Rogers Mark 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article deploys comparative historical data on 14 OECD countries to examine the significance of predominant union structure for the impact of union strength on the (medium‐term) growth in hourly labour productivity in manufacturing. The analysis shows that where craft and general unionism predominates, union strength has a deleterious impact on productivity growth. Where enterprise unionism predominates, union strength is irrelevant. However, where industrial unionism predominates, union strength promotes productivity growth. These effects exist independently of established economic influences on aggregate productivity growth. The findings are interpreted as displaying the importance of the character of the governance that unions provide for their productivity impact.
Motor vehicle accidents during pregnancy: a population‐based study
Authors: Vivian‐Taylor J , Roberts CL , Chen JS , Ford JB 
Published: February 2012

Please cite this paper as: Vivian‐Taylor J, Roberts C, Chen J, Ford J. Motor vehicle accidents during pregnancy: a population‐based study. BJOG 2012;119:499–503.This population‐based cohort study of more than 600 000 Australian women describes the incidence of motor vehicle accidents (MVA) during pregnancy and the immediate and subsequent pregnancy outcomes. In this study, 3.5 women per 1000 maternities were admitted to hospital following an MVA. Immediate delivery was uncommon: 0.4% at <20 weeks of gestation and 3.5% at ≥20 weeks of gestation. Outcomes for those giving birth immediately were poor, with increased risk of antepartum haemorrhage, preterm birth, caesarean section and perinatal death. In contrast, women who remained undelivered following an MVA (96%) had similar pregnancy outcomes to women not involved in MVAs, and can be reassured.
Prediction of selective fetal growth restriction and twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome in monochorionic twins
Authors: Memmo A , Dias T , Mahsud‐Dornan S , Papageorghiou AT , Bhide A , Thilaganathan B 
Published: February 2012

Please cite this paper as: Memmo A, Dias T, Mahsud‐Dornan S, Papageorghiou A, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B. Prediction of selective fetal growth restriction and twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome in monochorionic twins. BJOG 2012;119:417–421.Objective  To study the correlation of discrepancy between crown–rump length (CRL) and nuchal translucency (NT) in monochorionic twins at 11–14 weeks of gestation and subsequent development of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR).Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  Tertiary‐care Fetal Medicine Unit, London.Sample  Monochorionic twin pregnancies with known outcome.Methods  Inter‐twin discrepancy was calculated as a percentage of the larger CRL and smaller NT and compared among those developing TTTS, those with sFGR and those with normal outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the performance of inter‐twin discrepancy in prediction of sFGR and TTTS.Main outcome measures  Development of TTTS and sFGR.Results  A total of 242 monochorionic twin pregnancies were studied (102 TTTS, 36 sFGR and 104 controls). The median CRL discrepancy in the sFGR group (11.9%) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the TTTS group (3.8%) and control group (3.5%). Median inter‐twin NT discrepancies were not significantly different (P = 0.869) between sFGR and both TTTS and control groups (15.6%, 16.7% and 14.8%, respectively). Discrepancy in CRL performs well as a screening test for sFGR (area under ROC curve = 0.89), but not for TTTS (area under ROC curve = 0.58).Conclusions  First‐trimester CRL discrepancy in monochorionic twins is a marker for subsequent development of sFGR rather than TTTS. Inter‐twin NT discrepancy does not appear to be significantly different in these two groups from those with normal outcome.
Ontogeny and microstructure of the enigmatic Cambrian tommotiid Sunnaginia Missarzhevsky, 1969
Authors: MURDOCK DUNCAN J. E. , DONOGHUE PHILIP C. J. , BENGTSON STEFAN , MARONE FEDERICA 
Published: February 2012

Abstract:  The tommotiids are a significant component of the earliest skeletal animal remains in the fossil record, occurring in large numbers in the Lower Cambrian. Sclerites of the tommotiid genus Sunnaginia have been implicated as integral to hypotheses regarding the evolution of the brachiopod body plan, with a morphology intermediate between the unspecialized sclerites of the tubular Eccentrotheca and the specialized sclerites of the tannuolinids. Abundant Sunnaginia ?imbricata sclerites, of a broad ontogenetic spectrum, were recovered from the Comley Limestone, Lower Cambrian (Stages 3–4), Shropshire, UK and compared to Sunnaginia imbricata from the Aldan River, Siberia (uppermost Tommotian). New microstructural data, collected using synchrotron radiation X‐ray tomographic microscopy, reveal a unique microstructure for Sunnaginia ?imbricata sclerites among the tommotiids; interlamellar cavities spanned by a series of continuous pillars, giving a colonnaded appearance contrasting to that of S. imbricata. These data refute the inclusion of Eccentrotheca within the Sunnaginiidae and highlight the need for a revision of suprageneric classification of the tommotiids. Rather, structural similarities between Sunnaginia sclerites and those of the tannuolinids suggest a close affinity to this group. Recent phylogenetic hypotheses place the tannuolinids as stem‐linguliform brachiopods, with Paterimitra plus the paterinid (and possibly rhynchonelliform) brachiopods as their sister group. Our new data therefore resolve Sunnaginia as close to the node defining crown‐Brachiopoda. However, the characters supporting this phylogenetic scheme cannot be consistently applied to all taxa, nor do they define a series of nested clades. We therefore suggest that a more thorough phylogenetic analysis is required in the light of the data presented here and other recent descriptions.
Non‐bronchodilating mechanisms of tiotropium prevent airway hyperreactivity in a guinea‐pig model of allergic asthma
Authors: Buels KS , Jacoby DB , Fryer AD 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity. Although M3 muscarinic receptors mediate bronchoconstriction, non‐selective muscarinic receptor antagonists are not currently recommended for chronic control of asthma. We tested whether selective blockade of M3 receptors, at the time of antigen challenge, blocks subsequent development of airway hyperreactivity in antigen‐challenged guinea‐pigs.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Ovalbumin‐sensitized guinea‐pigs were pretreated with 1 µg·kg−1 of a kinetically selective M3 receptor antagonist, tiotropium, or 1 mg·kg−1 of a non‐selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine, and challenged with inhaled ovalbumin. Animals were anaesthetized, paralyzed, ventilated and vagotomized 24 h later. We measured vagally mediated bronchoconstriction and i.v. ACh‐induced bronchoconstriction.KEY RESULTS Electrical stimulation of both vagus nerves induced frequency‐dependent bronchoconstriction in sensitized animals that was significantly increased after antigen challenge. Antigen‐induced hyperreactivity was completely blocked by tiotropium pretreatment but only partially blocked by atropine pretreatment. Surprisingly, although tiotropium blocked bronchoconstriction induced by i.v. ACh, it did not inhibit vagally‐induced bronchoconstriction in sensitized controls, suggesting that tiotropium does not block hyperreactivity by blocking receptors for vagally released ACh. Rather, tiotropium may have worked through an anti‐inflammatory mechanism, since it inhibited eosinophil accumulation in the lungs and around nerves.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data confirm that testing M3 receptor blockade with exogenous ACh does not predict vagal blockade. Our data also suggest that selective blockade of M3 receptors may be effective in asthma via mechanisms that are separate from inhibition of bronchoconstriction.
Single unit attachments improve peri‐implant soft tissue conditions in mandibular overdentures supported by four implants
Authors: Cordaro Luca , di Torresanto Vincenzo Mirisola , Petricevic Nikola , Jornet Primitivo Roig , Torsello Ferruccio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical performance as well as patients' and clinicians' satisfaction on two different prosthodontic retention systems for implant‐overdentures in the mandible.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients provided with four intraforaminal implants with at least 12 months of follow‐up since overdenture delivery were evaluated. A total of 39 patients were treated either with Locator® attachment or with cad‐cam milled bar. Clinical parameters such as Peri‐implant Probing Depth (PPD), Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) were evaluated. Patients' and clinicians' perceptions regarding the outcome were assessed on visual analog scales (VAS).ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 13 months in the Locator® group and 18 months in the Bar group and no implants were lost. The Locator group showed better results for PPD, PI, and BOP values. Patients' satisfaction was high in both groups, whereas the clinicians found better hygienic conditions and soft tissue health in the Locator group.ConclusionsAlthough the patients' satisfaction was similar in both groups the Locator® system demonstrated better soft tissues scores because hygienic maintenance was more complicated around bars. This may increase the frequency of chronic inflammations around the implants.
Stable fighting strategies to maintain social ranks in captive male Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus)
Authors: MENG Xiuxiang , CODY Nicholas , GONG Baocao , XIANG Leilei 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted at the Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm of China from July to September 2008. Results showed that captive male musk deer exhibit aggressive dominance behavior, by which a stable social ranking is established. Generally, there were three types of aggression in agonistic interactions among males: attacking, displacing and threatening. Threatening was more frequently observed than displacing and attacking. When in conflict with other deer, high‐rank males exhibited significantly more attacking than displacing and threatening. Moreover, no attacking occurred in low‐rank and middle‐rank males, but these individuals initiated significantly more threatening displays than high‐rank individuals. Among musk deer groups with different social ranks, there were no significant differences between threats received by middle‐rank and low‐rank groups, but attacks directed to high‐rank males was significantly lower than displacing and threatening behaviors. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that when a captive male musk deer population is assembled, individuals should be diversified in fighting ability and level of aggression. In particular, deer with higher aggression should not be enclosed with deer with similar tendencies, but should be enclosed with individuals with lower fighting levels. This should maintain stable social structures within captive musk deer groups and improve the overall welfare of captive musk deer.
Spastic quadriplegia in Down syndrome with congenital duodenal stenosis/atresia
Authors: Kurosawa Kenji , Enomoto Keisuke , Tominaga Makiko , Furuya Noritaka , Sameshima Kiyoko , Iai Mizue , Take Hiroshi , Shinkai Masato , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Yamanaka Michiko , Matsui Kiyoshi , Masuno Mitsuo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDown syndrome is an autosomal chromosome disorder, characterized by intellectual disability and muscle hypotonia. Muscle hypotonia is observed from neonates to adulthood in Down syndrome patients, but muscle hypertonicity is extremely unusual in this syndrome. During a study period of nine years, we found three patients with severe spastic quadriplegia among 20 cases with Down syndrome and congenital duodenal stenosis/atresia (3/20). However, we could find no patient with spastic quadriplegia among 644 cases with Down syndrome without congenital duodenal stenosis/atresia during the same period (0/644, P < 0.05). Further, we did not find any cases with spastic quadriplegia among 17 patients with congenital duodenal stenosis/atresia without Down syndrome admitted during the same period to use as a control group (0/17, P < 0.05). Our results suggest that congenital duodenal stenosis/atresia is a potential risk factor for spastic quadriplegia in patients with Down syndrome. Long‐term survival is improving, and the large majority of people with Down syndrome are expected to live well into adult life. Management and further study for the various problems, representing a low prevalence but serious and specific to patients with Down syndrome, are required to improve their quality of life.
Pandemic (H1N1) Influenza 2009 and Australian emergency departments: Implications for policy, practice and pandemic preparedness
Authors: FitzGerald Gerry , Aitken Peter , Shaban Ramon Z , Patrick Jennifer , Arbon Paul , McCarthy Sally , Clark Michele , Considine Julie , Finucane Julie , Holzhauser Kerri , Fielding Elaine 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective: To describe the reported impact of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 on EDs, so as to inform future pandemic policy, planning and response management.Methods: This study comprised an issue and theme analysis of publicly accessible literature, data from jurisdictional health departments, and data obtained from two electronic surveys of ED directors and ED staff. The issues identified formed the basis of policy analysis and evaluation.Results: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 had a significant impact on EDs with presentation for patients with ‘influenza‐like illness’ up to three times that of the same time in previous years. Staff reported a range of issues, including poor awareness of pandemic plans, patient and family aggression, chaotic information flow to themselves and the public, heightened stress related to increased workloads and lower levels of staffing due to illness, family care duties and redeployment of staff to flu clinics. Staff identified considerable discomfort associated with prolonged times wearing personal protective equipment. Staff believed that the care of non‐flu patients was compromised during the pandemic as a result of overwork, distraction from core business and the difficulties associated with accommodating infectious patients in an environment that was not conducive.Conclusions: This paper describes the breadth of the impact of pandemics on ED operations. It identifies a need to address a range of industrial, management and procedural issues. In particular, there is a need for a single authoritative source of information, the re‐engineering of EDs to accommodate infectious patients and organizational changes to enable rapid deployment of alternative sources of care.
Impact of Culm Harvest on Seed Production in a Monocarpic Bamboo
Authors: Nath Arun Jyoti , Franklin Donald C. , Lawes Michael J. , Das Mukta Chandra , Das Ashesh Kumar 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSuccessful regeneration of bamboos from seed is a key issue in the ecology of many tropical regions and the livelihoods of their inhabitants. The gregarious monocarpy of many bamboos may be driven by a need to satiate seed predators by seeding in abundance at infrequent intervals. In long‐lived clonal monocarps, seed production is expected to be positively related to the success of the clone in generating more and larger ramets during its lifetime. Ramification may be constrained by harvesting of culms, but it is unclear whether the reduction in productivity is proportional to the loss of reproductive biomass. We counted the seed produced by 661 culms (ramet stems) sampled from 90 clumps of the gregariously monocarpic bamboo Schizostachyum dullooa that is intensively harvested by villagers in northeastern India. The smallest clumps had fewer culms and few or no culms more than one year old. Seed production was indeed positively related to culm size and the number of culms in a clump. First‐year culms were markedly more productive than older culms after controlling for culm diameter and clump size. There was a negative effect of clump size on productivity per culm which may occur because clumps that had been harvested heavily were able to exploit resources retained in rhizomes from harvested culms. Nevertheless, small clumps produced much less seed than larger clumps, generating a risk of unknown magnitude that heavily harvested stands of monocarpic bamboos may be unable to satiate seed predators during their single opportunity for reproduction.
Analysis of Chromosome 19q13.42 Amplification in Embryonal Brain Tumors with Ependymoblastic Multilayered Rosettes
Authors: Nobusawa Sumihito , Yokoo Hideaki , Hirato Junko , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Sugino Takashi , Tasaki Kazuhiro , Itoh Hideaki , Hatori Tsutomu , Shimoyama Yoshie , Nakazawa Atsuko , Nishizawa Shigeru , Kishimoto Hiroshi , Matsuoka Keiko , Nakayama Masahiro , Okura Naoki , Nakazato Yoichi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecently, it was reported that ependymoblastoma and embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR) show 19q13.42 amplification at a high frequency, suggesting that these tumors may constitute a single entity. As ependymoblastic rosettes are the most prominent features in both subtypes, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) was proposed, for which 19q13.42 amplification represents a specific molecular hallmark. However, ependymoblastic rosettes are not specific to ependymoblastoma and ETANTR, and are also found in a few other embryonal tumors as well as immature teratomas, and knowledge on 19q13.42 amplification in these tumors is limited. In this study, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridazation (FISH) analysis and differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and detected 19q13.42 amplification in three out of four ETANTR, one ependymoblastoma and one medulloepithelioma with ETANTR components, whereas none of the two atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) with ependymoblastic rosettes nor two immature teratomas with developing neuroectodermal structures showed such amplification, suggesting that medulloepitheliomas would possibly be included in ETMR, and ependymoblastic rosettes in AT/RT do not signify that these tumors constitute ETMR. Also, we found C19MC rather than miR‐371‐373 was amplified in one ETANTR, suggesting that C19MC miRNA cluster seems to be more closely linked to the pathogenesis of ETMR.
Characterization of Gene Amplification–Driven SKP2 Overexpression in Myxofibrosarcoma: Potential Implications in Tumor Progression and Therapeutics
Authors: Li Chien-Feng , Wang Ju-Ming , Kang Hong-Yo , Huang Chiung-Kuei , Wang Jun-Wen , Fang Fu-Min , Wang Yu-Hui , Wu Wen-Ren , Li Shau-Hsuan , Yu Shih-Chen , Lee Jen-Chieh , Lan Jui , Shiue Yow-Ling , Wu Li-Ching , Huang Hsuan-Ying 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Myxofibrosarcoma remains obscure in molecular determinants of clinical aggressiveness, for which we elucidated implications of SKP2 amplification.
Experimental Design: Array comparative genomic hybridization was applied on samples and cell lines (NMFH-1 to OH931) to search causal genes of tumor progression. SKP2 gene dosage was determined in 82 independent tumors for clinical correlates. Stable SKP2 knockdown was achieved in myxofibrosarcoma cells to assess its oncogenic attributes and candidate mediators in prometastatic function. Pharmacologic assays were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for the therapeutic relevance of bortezomib.
Results: DNA gains frequently involved 5p in which three amplicons were differentially overrepresented in samples behaving unfavorably, encompassing mRNA-upregulated TRIO, SKP2, and AMACR genes. Detected in NMFH-1 cells and 38% of tumors, SKP2 amplification was associated with SKP2 immunoexpression and adverse prognosticators and independently predictive of worse outcomes. Nevertheless, SKP2-expressing OH931 cells and 14% of such tumors lacked gene amplification. Knockdown of SKP2 suppressed proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasion of sarcoma cells and downregulated motility-promoting genes, including ITGB2, ACTN1, IGF1, and ENAH. In vitro, bortezomib downregulated SKP2 expression at the mRNA level with p27kip1 accumulation, induced caspase activation, and decreased cell viability in myxofibrosarcoma cells but not in fibroblasts. In vivo, bortezomib inhibited growth of NMFH-1 xenografts, the cells of which displayed decreased SKP2 expression but increased p27kip1 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).
Conclusions: As a predominant mechanism driving protein overexpression, SKP2 amplification confers tumor aggressiveness in myxofibrosarcoma. The sensitivity of myxofibrosarcoma cells to bortezomib with SKP2-repressing effect indicates the potentiality of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res; 18(6); 1598–610. ©2012 AACR.