bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute hemodialysis complications in end‐stage renal disease patients: The burden and implications for the under‐resourced Sub‐Saharan African health systems
Authors: Kaze Francois Folefack , Ashuntantang Gloria , Kengne Andre Pascal , Hassan Aboubakar , Halle Marie Patrice , Muna Wallinjom 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLittle is known about the challenges of routine renal replacement therapy in Sub‐Saharan Africa. We investigated the fatal and nonfatal acute hemodialysis (HD) complications in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in two main dialysis centers in Cameroon. 1000 consecutive HD sessions incurred over a 4‐month period by 129 patients (96 men, 74%) with ESRD, receiving two weekly HD sessions of 4 hours each, were considered. Personal and clinical profiles before, during, and within 24 hours after HD sessions were used to diagnose complications. Participants were aged 7 to 80 years (mean 46 years). In all, 452 acute complications were recorded in 411 (41%) of the 1000 HD sessions. Of the 11 types of complications, hypotension (25%), muscular cramps (22%), hypertensive crisis (14%), pruritus (10%), and fever (7%) were the most frequent. Three hundred and six complications (67.7%) occurred during understaffed nighttime. The vascular access was the main bleeding site with 64%. Being diabetic and ultrafiltration rate >1000 mL/h were associated with hypotension and muscle cramps. The shorter duration in dialysis was associated with the risk of bleeding and the disequilibrium syndrome while longer duration was associated with muscle cramps. Four deaths (three from bleeding and one from disequilibrium syndrome) occurred, all during nighttime. Nearly half of dialysis sessions in these settings are associated with acute complications, some of which are fatal. Those complications occurred mostly during understaffed periods. Urgent strategies are needed to quickly solve the human capital crisis in the health care sector.
Densification Behavior and Thermal Properties of Hafnium Diboride with the Addition of Boron Carbides
Authors: Brown‐Shaklee Harlan J. , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Greg E. 
Published: April 2012

Densification behavior and thermal properties of hot‐pressed HfB2–BxC particulate composites were studied. Boron carbide powders were synthesized throughout the homogeneity range (B4.3C–B˜10C) and beyond the carbon‐saturated (B3C) and boron‐saturated (B12C) limits for use as sintering additives in HfB2. Changes in the densification behavior of HfB2 were observed with changes in the B/C ratio of the boron carbide sintering additive. The most effective sintering additives were either the carbon or boron saturated boron carbides which produced composites with the highest relative densities. The improved densification behavior was caused by a combination of removal of surface oxides due to chemical reactivity and changes in the B‐ or Hf‐vacancy concentration in the HfB2 matrix phase. Thermal conductivities of the ceramics were only affected slightly by boron carbide stoichiometry. Thermal conductivities of HfB2 with 10 mol% additions of boron carbides ranged from 114 to 131 W·(m·K)−1 at room temperature and from 87 to 93 W·(m·K)−1 at 1000°C. Measureable changes in composite thermal conductivity with composition were attributed to slight differences in hot‐pressed densities that resulted from different boron carbide B/C stoichiometries.
Gamete donors’ motivation in a Swedish national sample: is there any ambivalence? A descriptive study
Authors: SVANBERG AGNETA SKOOG , LAMPIC CLAUDIA , GEIJERWALL ANN‐LOUISE , GUDMUNDSSON JOHANNES , KARLSTRÖM PER‐OLOF , SOLENSTEN NILS‐GUNNAR , SYDSJÖ GUNILLA 
Published: April 2012

Abstract Objective. To study donors’ motivation and ambivalence before donation of gametes. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Setting. Seven Swedish university hospital clinics. Sample. Of the 220 eligible oocyte donors and 156 eligible sperm donors who were approached, 181 (82%) oocyte donors and 119 (76%) sperm donors agreed to participate. Methods. Gamete donors completed a questionnaire in the clinic prior to the donation. Main outcome measures. Motives and ambivalence towards donation. Results. In general, gamete donors donated for altruistic reasons (95%). A greater percentage of oocyte than sperm donors had a personal experience of biological children, which motivated them to donate (65 vs. 32%). A greater percentage of sperm donors compared with oocyte donors were curious about their own fertility (24 vs. 9%), and they also believed that they were contributing what they regarded as their own good genes to other couples (45 vs. 20%). Prior to donation, potential sperm donors were more ambivalent towards donating than were oocyte donors (39 and 21%, p < 0.001). Conclusions. The motives to donate gametes are mainly altruistic. We conclude that men and women differ in their view towards donating gametes. Sperm donors had a higher degree of ambivalent feelings towards donation than oocyte donors.
Identification of cases with adverse neonatal outcome monitored by cardiotocography versus ST analysis: secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: WESTERHUIS MICHELLE E.M.H. , PORATH MARTINA M. , BECKER JEROEN H. , VAN DEN AKKER ELINE S.A. , VAN BEEK ERIK , VAN DESSEL HENDRIKUS J.H.M. , DROGTROP ADDY P. , VAN GEIJN HERMAN P. , GRAZIOSI GIUSEPPI C.M. , GROENENDAAL FLORIS , VAN LITH JAN M.M. , MOL BEN WILLEM J. , MOONS KAREL G.M. , NIJHUIS JAN G. , OEI SWAN G. , OOSTERBAAN HERMAN P. , RIJNDERS ROBBERT J.P. , SCHUITEMAKER NICO W.E. , WIJNBERGER LIA D.E. , WILLEKES CHRISTINE , WOUTERS MAURICE G.A.J. , VISSER GERARD H.A. , KWEE ANNEKE 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective. To evaluate whether correct adherence to clinical guidelines might have led to prevention of cases with adverse neonatal outcome. Design. Secondary analysis of cases with adverse outcome in a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Setting. Nine Dutch hospitals. Population. Pregnant women with a term singleton fetus in cephalic position. Methods. Data were obtained from a randomized trial that compared monitoring by STAN® (index group) with cardiotocography (control group). In both trial arms, three observers independently assessed the fetal surveillance results in all cases with adverse neonatal outcome, to determine whether an indication for intervention was present, based on current clinical guidelines. Main outcome measures. Adverse neonatal outcome cases fulfilled one or more of the following criteria: (i) metabolic acidosis in umbilical cord artery (pH < 7.05 and base deficit in extracellular fluid >12 mmol/L); (ii) umbilical cord artery pH < 7.00; (iii) perinatal death; and/or (iv) signs of moderate or severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Results. We studied 5681 women, of whom 61 (1.1%) had an adverse outcome (26 index; 35 control). In these women, the number of performed operative deliveries for fetal distress was 18 (69.2%) and 16 (45.7%), respectively. Reassessment of all 61 cases showed that there was a fetal indication to intervene in 23 (88.5%) and 19 (57.6%) cases, respectively. In 13 (50.0%) vs. 11 (33.3%) cases, respectively, this indication occurred more than 20 min before the time of delivery, meaning that these adverse outcomes could possibly have been prevented. Conclusions. In our trial, more strict adherence to clinical guidelines could have led to additional identification and prevention of adverse outcome.
Clinical utility of a novel colorimetric chair side test for oral malodour
Authors: Dadamio Jesica , Van Tornout Marie , Vancauwenberghe Frederique , Federico Rodolfo , Dekeyser Christel , Quirynen Marc 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a simple colorimetric chair side test detecting amines in saliva as an adjunct test in the oral malodour diagnosis.Material and MethodsNon‐stimulated saliva samples were collected from 100 volunteers with different degrees of oral malodour. The amount of amines detected by the test was estimated clinically (colorimetric test), confirmed semi quantitatively in the laboratory (standard addition method) and consequently compared with (i) the organoleptic score (OLS); (ii) the volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) levels (OralChroma™) and (iii) the amount of amines detected by means of gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy.ResultsThe chair side test correlated well (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.46–0.77), with the OLS, the level of VSCs, and the amines determined by using gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy. The results of the new test for patients with and without oral malodour were significantly different (Mann–Whitney U‐test, p < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of this chair side test were similar to those of the VSCs evaluations.ConclusionsThese results support the “fit for purpose” of the new chair side test as adjunctive diagnostic tool for oral malodour.
Association between education level and dentition status in Japanese adults: Japan public health center‐based oral health study
Authors: Ueno Masayuki , Ohara Satoko , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro , Kawaguchi Yoko 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine whether there is an educational gradient in dentition status among Japanese adults who are under the universal public health insurance system.MethodsSubjects were 1201 community residents aged 55–75 years as of May 2005 who completed a self‐administered questionnaire and had a standard clinical oral examination. Analysis focused on the association of three education levels (junior high school, senior high school, and any college or higher education) with dentition status.ResultsThe proportion of subjects with 20 or more teeth (P < 0.001), number of teeth present (P = 0.037), number of filled teeth (P = 0.016), and two types of functional tooth units (FTUs): FTUs with natural teeth (n‐FTUs) (P < 0.001) and FTUs with natural teeth and artificial teeth on implant‐supported and fixed prostheses (nif‐FTUs) (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with education level after adjusting for confounders. The significant trend of these values in dental indexes indicated a poorer dentition status with a lower education level.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the level of education has an independent impact on dentition status in a group of Japanese adults, even after taking into account oral health‐related factors. Therefore, providing appropriate oral health information from an early age within a compulsory school education program appears necessary to enhance health literacy and lessen the inequalities in dental health by educational level.
Impact of the Hall technique for preformed metal crown placement on undergraduate paediatric dentistry experience
Authors: Gilchrist F. , Morgan A. G. , Farman M. , Rodd H. D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Hall technique, a novel method of placing preformed metal crowns (PMCs) without local anaesthesia or tooth preparation, was introduced to our undergraduate dental curriculum in 2009. This study aimed to describe student experience of, and attitudes towards, PMCs before and after exposure to this new technique. Clinical data were extracted from student logbooks to determine the number of PMCs placed for cohorts graduating in 2005 (n = 55), 2009 (n = 61) and 2010 (n = 75). Five focus groups were also conducted with 29 final‐year dental students. Students graduating in 2005, 2009 and 2010 had placed a mean (range) of 0.03 (0–1), 0.63 (0–5) and 1.15 (0–9) PMCs, respectively. The proportion of students who had placed a PMC increased significantly from only 1.9% in 2005 to 75% in 2010 (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Students reported some positive experiences of the Hall technique. However, concern over perceived lack of future clinical support, an anticipated increase in time and financial pressures, and the ease of use of glass‐ionomer cement as an alternative were described as potential barriers to PMC use. Findings suggest that the introduction of the Hall technique has had a marked impact on the use of PMCs as a treatment modality for carious primary teeth.
Anti‐ageing effects of alpha‐naphthoflavone on normal and UVB‐irradiated human skin fibroblasts
Authors: Liao Po‐Lin , Li Ching‐Hao , Chang Cheng‐Yi , Lu Siang‐Rong , Lin Cheng‐Hui , Tse Ling‐Shan , Cheng Yu‐Wen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAgeing is a complex and multifactorial process resulting in several functional and aesthetic changes to the skin. We found that α‐Naphthoflavone (α‐NF) concentration‐dependently induced pro‐collagen type I protein expression and inhibited MMP‐1 protein expression, in both normal and UVB‐irradiated cells. SB431542 and SIS3 – inhibitors of TGF‐β and Smad3, respectively – significantly alleviate α‐NF‐caused response of MMP‐1 and pro‐collagen. LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) can reverse α‐NF‐induced ERK, Akt, Smad‐3 activation, pro‐collagen synthesis and α‐NF‐suppressed AP‐1 activation. PD (ERK inhibitor) was not involved in pro‐collagen generation and MMP‐1 inhibition. We concluded that α‐NF promotes pro‐collagen production and inhibits MMP‐1 expression via the activation of a PI3K/Akt/Smad‐3 pathway in normal and UVB‐irradiated human skin fibroblasts, while TGF‐β may play an important role in transducing this pathway. These results suggest that α‐NF, a natural plant product, has the potential to become a novel anti‐ageing skin application.
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Binds to Neisseria gonorrhoeae Outer Membrane Opacity Protein and is Bactericidal
Authors: Cooper Morris D. , Roberts Melissa H. , Barauskas Ona L. , Jarvis Gary A. 
Published: April 2012

ProblemSecretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is an innate immune peptide present on the genitourinary tract mucosa that has antimicrobial activity. In this study, we investigated the interaction of SLPI with
Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Method of study
ELISA and far‐Western blots were used to analyze binding of SLPI to gonococci. The binding site for SLPI was identified by tryptic digests and mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity of SLPI for gonococci was determined using bactericidal assays. SLPI protein levels in cell supernatants were measured by ELISA, and SLPI mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR.ResultsSLPI bound directly to the gonococcal Opa protein and was bactericidal. Epithelial cells from the reproductive tract constitutively expressed SLPI at different levels. Gonococcal infection of cells did not affect SLPI expression.ConclusionWe conclude that SLPI is bactericidal for gonococci and is expressed by reproductive tract epithelial cells and thus is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of gonococcal infection.
Molecular characterization of fungal populations on the tongue dorsum of institutionalized elderly adults
Authors: Li H , Takeshita T , Furuta M , Tomioka M , Shibata Y , Shimazaki Y , Makimura K , Yamashita Y 
Published: April 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 771–777Objectives:  To characterize the global composition of oral fungal populations in frail elderly adults and to investigate the relationship with their health status.Materials and methods:  We investigated the fungal populations on the tongue dorsum in 291 institutionalized elderly adults by molecular PCR‐based techniques using internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA.Results:  Quantitative PCR analysis showed that fungi were present on the tongue dorsum of 128 subjects at ≥104 CFU per sample, and 35 of them exceeded 105 CFU per sample. Length heterogeneity‐PCR analysis and nucleotide sequence determinations showed that Candida albicans was most frequently detected in those subjects with fungi at ≥104 CFU per sample (105 subjects), followed by Candida dubliniensis (78), Malassezia restricta (57), and Candida tropicalis (45). Statistical analysis revealed that those subjects with ≥105 CFU of fungi other than C. albicans per sample had an increased risk of fever (≥7 febrile days per 12 months) compared with subjects with <105 CFU per sample, after adjustment for other fever‐associated confounding factors.Conclusions:  These data demonstrate that the oral cavity of the elderly is inhabited by a diverse array of fungi not limited to typical Candida species and they suggest that the diversity in distribution is associated with health status.
Gingivitis and plaque scores of 8‐ to 11‐year‐old Burmese children following participation in a 2‐year school‐based toothbrushing programme
Authors: Rosema NAM , van Palenstein Helderman WH , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: April 2012

To cite this article:   Int J Dent Hygiene 10, 2012; 163–168  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2012.00553.x  Rosema NAM, van Palenstein Helderman WH, van der Weijden GA. Gingivitis and plaque scores of 8‐ to 11‐year‐old Burmese children following participation in a 2‐year school‐based toothbrushing (SBTB) programme.Abstract:Aim:  The present study assessed whether gingivitis and plaque scores of 8‐ to 11‐year‐old school children who participated in a SBTB programme for 2 years were lower than those of children who did not participate in the programme.Material and methods:  The present study was performed using an examiner‐blind, parallel group design and was performed in Burma (Myanmar) in 2006. Three of the five schools where daily SBTB programmes took place after lunch and which were performed under teacher supervision were randomly selected; three non‐participating schools (non‐SBTB) from the same area were assigned as controls. Twenty‐five children per school were examined for gingivitis (bleeding on marginal probing) and plaque (Quigley & Hein).Results:  In total, 150 8‐ to 11‐year‐old children participated, with 75 children in either group. The test group (SBTB) exhibited an overall mean bleeding score of 0.76. For the control group (non‐SBTB), this score was 0.83. With respect to the overall mean plaque scores, the test group exhibited a score of 2.93, whereas the control group exhibited a score of 2.91. No statistically significant differences between the test and the control group were observed.Conclusion:  The present study did not reveal a statistically significant effect of daily SBTB programmes in 8‐ to 11‐year‐old school children with respect to gingivitis and plaque scores.
RADIOGRAPHIC AND SCINTIGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE THIRD CARPAL BONE OF CONTROL HORSES AND HORSES WITH CARPAL LAMENESS
Authors: Simon Valerie , Dyson Sue J. 
Published: April 2012

We compared the radiographic and scintigraphic findings in the third carpal bone of horses performing different work disciplines and investigated their relationship with lameness. Horses had undergone carpal radiography including acquisition of a dorsoproximal‐dorsodistal oblique (DPr‐DDiO) image of the distal row of carpal bones and/or scintigraphic examination of the carpi. Cause of lameness, breed, age, and work discipline were recorded. Increased opacity in the third carpal bone was graded, ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake calculated objectively, and increased radiopharmaceutical uptake graded subjectively. Relationships between radiographic, scintigraphic, and clinical findings were assessed statistically. Increased opacity in the third carpal bone (P = 0.003) and ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake (P = 0.015) were associated with the work discipline. Increased opacity in the third carpal bone was associated with both increased radiopharmaceutical uptake grade (P = 0.002;rs = 0.59) and ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake (P = 0.013;rs = 0.46). Increased radiopharmaceutical uptake and increased opacity in the third carpal bone were not always observed concurrently. Lameness related to the middle carpal joint was associated with increased opacity (P < 0.001), ratio of radiopharmaceutical uptake (P = 0.037), and increased radiopharmaceutical uptake grade (P < 0.001). Radiographic and scintigraphic abnormalities were observed in horses performing all disciplines, indicating that high‑speed exercise may not be the only factor determining the development of osseous disease in the third carpal bone. Both increased opacity and increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were more likely to be seen in horses with lameness related to the middle carpal joint than in horses with other sources of pain.
International emergency medicine: How to train for it
Authors: Sistenich Vera 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article provides background information about the emerging field of international emergency medicine (IEM) and how emergency physicians in Australasia can participate in its practice and development. It reviews the seven key areas of knowledge and skills involved in the practice of IEM as put forward by US fellowship programmes: (i) Emergency Medicine Systems Development; (ii) Humanitarian Relief; (iii) Disaster Management; (iv) Public Health; (v) Travel and Field Medicine; (vi) Programme Administration; and (vii) Academic Skills. Current obstacles to the development of similar programmes in Australasia are explored and identified as primarily financial. Means by which individuals can fund and engage in IEM activities are proposed. This article provides a reference of domestic and international IEM training resources that can be obtained by Australasian emergency physicians and trainees today.
A progressive nurse practitioner student evaluation tool
Authors: Pearson Tamera , Garrett Linda , Hossler Susan , McConnell Peggy , Walls Jennie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract  Purpose: To describe the process of designing a new progressive nurse practitioner student clinical evaluation tool based on competencies.Data sources: Selected research articles and professional organization published guidelines.Conclusions: Evaluation of nurse practitioner students' clinical performance is an important and often complex responsibility of faculty. The clinical evaluation tool should reflect the changing expectations associated with particular courses across the curriculum and be based on the competencies identified by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties. Collaboration by faculty is the key to development of an accurate and useful clinical evaluation tool.Implications for practice: The progressive nurse practitioner clinical evaluation tool presented here is the result of integrating specific clinical course outcomes and competencies recognized by key nurse practitioner associations.
Effective Transmission of Light for Media Culture, Plates and Tubes
Authors: Silva Daniela Fátima Teixeira , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Raele Marcus Paulo , Wetter Niklaus Ursus , Deana Alessandro Melo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe results of many investigations on low‐level laser therapy are contradictory and this is due to the large number of illumination parameters as well as the inability to measure the possible effects after irradiation with the necessary objectivity and the fact that the light needs to pass thorough barriers (usually the plastic of the culture dish/plate and culture medium) to reach the cells. In this manner, the objective of this study was to determine the absorption coefficient, penetration depth and effective transmission in materials commonly used in cell cultures. Among the most commonly used wavelengths in low‐level laser therapy, the lowest absorption coefficients were reached by DMEM and RPMI (α = 0.03 cm−1), from 633 to 690 nm, which reach an effective transmission of 93% of incident radiation and penetration depth of 33 cm. Among the solid materials in the same range of the electromagnetic spectrum, the lowest absorption coefficient was obtained for the polystyrene (Petri dish and well plate), with α = 1.31 cm−1, 78% of effective transmission and 0.76 cm of penetration depth. This article also presents a simple equation for estimating the amount of energy that will actually reach the sample.