bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of structural transforma‐ tions in bulk and as‐evaporated optical media under action of polychromatic or photon‐energy dependent monochromatic illumination
Authors: Holomb Roman , Mitsa Volodimir , Petrachenkov Olexandr , Veres Miklos , Stronski Alexander , Vlček Miroslav 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLight‐induced structural changes of As‐S glasses and films were probed both by macro FT‐Raman and photon‐energy dependent micro‐Raman spectroscopy using different spectral composition of photoactive light: polychromatic or different wavelengths of laser radiation. The polychromatic illumination and thermal treatment leads to continuous decrease in intensity of characteristics vibrational modes of molecular or cage‐like species like As4S4, As4S3, etc. Under laser illumination the picture is different, new observed features in the Raman spectra of As‐rich As‐S glass are related to transformations of As4S4 molecules: α(β)‐As4S4 transform into pararealgar p ‐As4S4 form during laser illumination. The effectiveness of transformations depends mainly on photon energies used for irradiation, but the tendency to transform is observed for all used photon energies ranging from 1.65 to 2.54 eV. Experimental photon‐energy dependent Raman spectroscopy used together with ab initio DFT calculations indicate that the mechanism of photo‐induced changes in As‐S glasses and films is defined by spectral width of illumination source (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Threshold integrated optical chemical sensor with sensitivity controlled by external illumination
Authors: Sakalosh I. I. , Sharkany Y. P. , Ramsden J. J. , Zhitov N. B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractChemical sensor with multilayer sensitive element on the basis of bR containing nanostructured composite layer is analyzed. The results on the modeling of the construction and its optimization are presented. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical absorption and photoluminescence of lumonophore nanocomposites
Authors: Verlan V. I. , Iovu M. S. , Andriesh A. M. , Nistor Yu. H. , Culeac I. , Malahov L. , Turta C. I. , Zubareva V. E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe europium complex tris(dibenzoylmethane)(monophenanthroline)europium (III) (Eu(DBM)3Phen) was successfully incorporated with different molar ratios into organic copolymer matrix of styrene:butylmethacrilate (1:1) (SBMA) via sol–gel process. Spin‐coated thin films were obtained. The layers turn out to be transparent in optical range of investigation. Absorption and luminescence properties of a europium complex on each step of technology nanocomposites of the pure Eu(DBM)3Phen complex powder, its solution with SBMA and the resultant thin films nanocomposites (NC) phosphors (SBMA ‐Eu(DBM)3Phen) were investigated. The microscopic investigations of the morphology of the NC surface show that the dimensions of Eu(DBM)3Phen particles, incorporated in the polymer matrix are less than 100 nm. The forbidden bands of NC were obtained. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra have been measured exciting with N2‐laser (λ = 0.334 μm) and they were revealed the radiative bands between the energy levels of the europium ions centered at 578, 590, 615, 652, and 705 nm and can be attributed to the spin forbidden f‐f transitions 5D0 → 7Fi (i = 0,1,2,3 and 4), respectively (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoinduced vector deformations of semi‐freely fixed glassy As‐S(Se)
Authors: Tanaka Keiji , Mikami Masatoshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe chalcogenide glass is known to exhibit a variety of vector photo‐deformations. The present work studies the deformation in glassy As‐S(Se) films and flakes, which are laid on viscous grease layers. Upon bandgap illumination of linearly polarized cw laser light, the film and flake exhibit anisotropic wrinkles and extensions, respectively, while the directions change with the composition. As2S(Se)3 samples deform in the direction orthogonal to the electric field of the light, but pure Se deforms in parallel to the electric field. And, in the As‐Se system, an orthogonal‐parallel directional change appears at the As content of ∼1 at.%. X‐ray diffraction and Raman‐scattering spectroscopy detect no anisotropic atomic changes. The orthogonal deformation has been ascribed to optical pressure, while the parallel in Se may be triggered by polariton‐plasmon waves. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐bands active media on the basis of BaY2F8 single crystals for up‐conversion solid‐state lasers with diode pumping
Authors: Uvarova T. V. , Pushkar A. A. , Uvarova A. G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe represent the multi‐band's laser media as example principle possibility of application of laser diodes for radiation excitation in visible and UV spectrum ranges. Possibility of excitation luminescence in region from 230 to 650 nm from the high laying 4f and 5d states of ions Pr3+ and Ce3+ in active media of BaY2F8:(Yb3+, Pr3+, Ce3+), excited by radiation of 960 nm, 840‐808 nm and 405 nm laser diodes is considered. Spectra of the realized visible luminescence are shown at one‐wave and multi‐wave pumps by infrared (IR) laser diodes. The up‐conversion schemes of excitation the 5d‐UV luminescence from Pr3+ and Ce3+ by laser diodes is reported. Possibility of the realization 5d‐ luminescence from Pr3+ and Ce3 ions is discussed (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Equivalent magnetic noise in magnetoelectric Metglas/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 laminate composites
Authors: Wang Yaojin , Gray David , Berry David , Gao Junqi , Li Jiefang , Viehland D. , Luo Haosu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe have experimentally and theoretically investigated the equivalent magnetic noise in a magnetoelectric Metglas/ 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.3PbTiO3 laminate sensor unit by considering the constituent noise sources of dielectric loss (NDE) and DC leakage resistance (NR). In the low frequency range (f = 1 Hz), theory predicts that NR dominates the noise charge (1.6 times larger than NDE), with a 1 Hz noise of 9.1\;{\rm pt}/\sqrt {\rm Hz}. The experimental equivalent magnetic noise was 10.8\;{\rm pt}/\sqrt {\rm Hz}. This observed value is slightly higher than the predicted one, which might be due to an oversimplification of the theoretical model in terms of electrical charge amplifier and external vibration noise sources. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of cryo‐XPS analyses for the study of thin films of a block copolymer (PS‐PEO)
Authors: Delcroix Marie F. , Zuyderhoff Emilienne M. , Genet Michel J. , Dupont‐Gillain Christine C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe water‐induced surface reorganization of a thin film of a block copolymer [polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide), PS‐PEO], was studied by cryogenic X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (cryo‐XPS). Experimental parameters were examined with a view to optimize the analysis. The absence of artifacts due to the low temperature of analysis was checked, and the influence of the procedure used for sample hydration before analysis was investigated. Adequate timing of the different steps of the analysis and temperature program was also established. With this optimized protocol, an important reorganization of the block copolymer was detected, showing more pronounced exposure of the PEO block at the outermost surface in hydrated compared to dry environment. As this type of polymer surface is prone to be used for biomedical applications, an accurate knowledge of the chemical composition of the outermost surface in aqueous environments is crucial. The development of this technique is therefore promising for related systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene‐Based Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Huang Xiao , Yin Zongyou , Wu Shixin , Qi Xiaoying , He Qiyuan , Zhang Qichun , Yan Qingyu , Boey Freddy , Zhang Hua 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGraphene, a two‐dimensional, single‐layer sheet of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, has attracted tremendous attention and research interest, owing to its exceptional physical properties, such as high electronic conductivity, good thermal stability, and excellent mechanical strength. Other forms of graphene‐related materials, including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and exfoliated graphite, have been reliably produced in large scale. The promising properties together with the ease of processibility and functionalization make graphene‐based materials ideal candidates for incorporation into a variety of functional materials. Importantly, graphene and its derivatives have been explored in a wide range of applications, such as electronic and photonic devices, clean energy, and sensors. In this review, after a general introduction to graphene and its derivatives, the synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications of graphene‐based materials are discussed.
Production and characterization of oxidized cassava starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz) biodegradable films
Authors: de Pauli Renata Baraldi , Quast Leda Battestin , Demiate Ivo Mottin , Sakanaka Lyssa Setsuko 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPlastic is one of the most common pollutants in the environment. Therefore, the number of studies on the use of biodegradable packaging is increasing. Starch is the primary material used in the production of biodegradable plastics due to its natural abundance and high biodegradability. Yet, the strong hydrophilic character of starch presents a challenge. Therefore, the modification of its structure through oxidation may yield interesting results as the viscosity reduction. The objectives of this work were to obtain cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starch oxidized with 0.8 and 2.0% active chlorine, to develop biodegradable films and characterize their mechanical properties, solubility in water, permeability to water vapor, degree of swelling, and sorption isotherms. Biodegradable films were produced with starch concentrations of 2, 3, 4, and 5% w/w and 25% glycerol (g/100 g starch) added as a plasticizer. Images of the films were obtained with an atomic force microscope and allow to observe a smooth surface and the absence of starch granules in the film produced with oxidized starches. The tensile strength of the biodegradable film produced with oxidized starch (0.8% active chlorine) was 80 MPa. The value of permeability to water vapor was 1.613 × 10−9 kg/day/m/Pa, and the average solubility was 41%. The sorption isotherms showed that biodegradable films made with oxidized starches cannot be used in environments with relative humidity below 35% or above 90%.
Stochastic security testing of chaos‐based communication systems against error function attack
Authors: Nomura Tatsuya , Irie Takahiko , Suemitsu Haruo , Matsuo Takami 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper proposes two stochastic testing methods for the security analysis of a secure communication scheme based on continuous‐time chaotic systems. First, we define an instantaneous EFA (error function attack) function that does not include the average operation. Second, we propose a statistical testing for cryptanalysis, which calculates a standard deviation of the EFA function obtained by random trial keys. As another stochastic testing, moreover, we propose a stochastic evolutional attack to find a secret key. Finally, simulation results for the proposed security testing are presented. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tetranuclear Manganese Complex Incorporating 2‐Pyridyloximate Ligand: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Property
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Suyun , Zheng Lina , Chen Yanmei , Hu Bin , Li Yahong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA tetranuclear manganese complex of the composition {Mn4[(Py)C(Ph)NO]4(CH3CH2OH)3(CH3CH2O)Cl3}·2H2O (1) was synthesized by solvothermal reaction, and characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. X‐ray analysis revealed that complex 1 contains a [Mn4(NO)4]4+ core with three MnII atoms displaying distorted octahedral arrangements and one MnII ion exhibiting a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement. Low‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement for the solid sample of 1 revealed antiferromagnetic MnII···MnII interactions.
Quality Assessment of Heated Cooking Oil, Agab, Using a Simple Newly‐Developed Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Hamed Said Fatouh , abo El‐Wafa Ghada Ahmed , El‐Ghorab Ahmed , Shibamoto Takayuki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDeep fat frying is one of the most widely used cooking practices but heat treatment produces many degradation products, some of which may cause health hazards. A simple, rapid, and inexpensive method for assessment of the quality of cooking oil used for frying was developed using a spectrophotometer. Potato slices were heated in Agab oil (soybean/sunflower:1/l volume) at 180 ± 5 °C for 8 h per day for 6 consecutive days. Heated samples were collected at 15‐min intervals and UV absorbance at λ = 370–400 nm was measured; samples were also analyzed for anisidine value (AV), conjugated diene formation (CD), and total polar compounds (TPC). A systematic increase of absorbance in heated oil over frying time was observed. TPC was highest (R2 = 0.99) for the correlation with heating time followed by CD (0.93) and AV (0.89). The spectrophotometric method developed in the present study to assess the quality of heated oils is simple, quick, and reliable because its results were strongly correlated with the results from the TPC.
Enzymatic Extraction of Wheat Germ Oil
Authors: Xie Meizhen , Dunford Nurhan Turgut , Goad Carla 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this study enzymatic extraction of oil from wheat germ (WG) was investigated. Four enzymes (Viscozyme L, Multifect CX 13L, Multifect CX GC and Alcalase 2.4L FG) were screened for their efficacy to release oil from WG. Alcalase 2.4L FG treatment of WG improved oil extraction yield as compared to a control (aqueous extraction without enzyme). Alcalase 2.4L FG, which resulted in significantly higher oil yield than the other three enzymes, was chosen for optimization of the enzymatic oil extraction process by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Three processing parameters, liquid/solid ratio, extraction time and enzyme concentration, were investigated as the independent variables. Based on the experimental results, the highest oil yield, 66.5% (w/w), was obtained under the following conditions; liquid/solid ratio 16.5, enzyme concentration 1.1% and extraction time 19.25 h. A cubic model with R2 of 0.91 was developed to describe the enzymatic extraction process. Although the cubic model predicted WG oil extraction yields well within the processing conditions studied in this study it was not effective beyond the experimental range. Further research focusing on high liquid/solid ratio, 16–20, and extraction time in 18–24 h and 0.5–5 h ranges is necessary to improve the model developed in this study.
Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures in children
Authors: Griffet Jacques , Leroux Julien , Boudjouraf Nouar , Abou-Daher Ahmad , el Hayek Toni 
Published: June 2011

Purpose Tibial fractures in the skeletally immature patient are usually treated without surgery. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is commonly used for other diaphyseal fracture locations. Its advantages are minimally invasive surgery with a short hospitalisation duration, primary bone union and early weight bearing. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of ESIN in displaced tibial fractures in children over 6 years old and in cases of polytrauma. Methods This study was carried out over a 6-year period. The protocol consisted in ESIN of shaft tibial fractures in children over 6. Frontal and sagittal angulation, shortening and lengthening were measured on days 0, 2, 15, 30 and 45. At 6 months, 1 and 2 years, the femoro-tibial axis and eventual shortening or lengthening were assessed. Results The study involved 86 children (average age 11.8 years). As early as day 30, all patients had normal knee mobility and symmetrical foot progress angle. At 2-year follow-up, frontal angulation and leg length discrepancy had decreased and affected 2% of patients. Four patients (5%) suffered from superficial infections. There were no cases of osteomyelitis or refracture. Conclusions The fixation of paediatric diaphyseal tibial fractures with ESIN is a rapid, well-codified and effective method for treating long-bone closed fractures in children. Advantages over other fixation techniques include a lower infection rate, a lower refracture rate, ease of management, and an aesthetically pleasing scar.
Treatment of late-presenting developmental dislocation of the hip by progressive orthopaedic reduction and innominate osteotomy. Our results with more than 30 years of follow up
Authors: Morin Christian , Bisogno Javier , Kulkarni Shrirang , Morel Georges 
Published: June 2011

Background The treatment of late-presenting developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) is still controversial. A consecutive series of 32 patients not previously treated (43 hips, Tönnis grade 3 or 4) underwent progressive closed reduction followed immediately by innominate osteotomy between 1964 and 1976. They were between 1.5 and 5 years old at the time of pelvic osteotomy. This study was designed to check the outcome of these patients more than 30 years later. Methods Eight patients living outside of France (North Africa) could not be reached and one patient had died of an unrelated cause. The remaining 23 patients (32 hips) were reviewed with clinical assessment (Merle d'Aubigné, Harris and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] scores) and anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiograph. This represents a 75% rate of follow up at 31 to 44 years post-operatively. Results In two patients, surgery was repeated due to residual subluxation. Only one patient needed a total hip replacement (THR) 33 years after initial treatment. The Merle d'Aubigné, Harris and WOMAC scores for the surviving hips were excellent or good in almost 80% of the cases. In four cases, radiographic signs “at risk for” osteoarthritis were present. Regularity of the femoral head was perfect in seven hips, regular in 18 and irregular in six. According to the Severin–Seringe classification, 25 hips could be classified as group I (14 group IA and 11 group IB), three group II and three group VII. Conclusion The long-term results of non-previously treated late-presenting DDH by the technique of progressive closed reduction followed by innominate osteotomy are quite good and compare favourably with the long-term results of open reduction with the same osteotomy.
Vegetation vis-à-vis Climate and Glacier History during 12,400 to 5,400 yr BP from Dokriani Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Bhattacharyya A. , Ranhotra P.S. , Gergan J.T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:
Palynological analysis from a 10 m deep sediment profile from Dokriani valley, Garhwal Himalaya, provides temporal variation of vegetation vis-à-vis climate and glacier history of the region. This study reveals that between 12,406 and 10,633 cal yr BP vegetation was sparse when the climate was cool-dry and the glacier snout might had been located at lower elevations in comparison to its present position. Subsequently around 10,633 cal yr BP, an increase in the growth of diversified taxa close to the site, indicates the early Holocene climatic amelioration when glacier might have retreated at faster rate. Further, within Holocene some intermittent cool-dry episodes were recorded around 9,670 to 9,000 cal yr BP and 7,100 cal yr BP when glacier might have shown reduction in retreat rate or came to stagnation.
Microstructure-compositional Variation in Iron Oxy-hydroxide Minerals formed with Manganese Mineralization, Eastern Ghats Supergroup, Orissa
Authors: Mohapatra B.K. , Jena S. , Singh P.P. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:
Large volume of iron oxy-hydroxide minerals occur in association with manganese oxide phase in manganese ores of the Eastern Ghats Supergroup, Koraput district, Orissa. On the basis of OH content, the iron mineral can be classified into hydrohematite, goethite, and hydrogoethite. These minerals exhibit eight types of microstructures such as ooloidal, caterpillar, disseminated, reniform, worm, mosaic, globular and spherulitic. Chemical composition of such micro-structures obtained through EPMA, distinguishes them into three domains, developed under different environment. Hydrohematite, having 8-10 % H2O, characteristically contains higher pc of manganese (&gt;5%) and phosphorous (&gt;0.6%) but have low silica and alumina. These are formed syngenetically with Mn-oxide minerals in a manganese rich paragenesis. Goethite containing 11 to 12% water, has relatively low level of manganese and phosphorous, and formed in a later period, as secondary open space filling. Hydrogoethite shows very high water content (&gt;16%), almost devoid of manganese, and impoverished in phosphorous but having higher percentage of alumina, silica and appreciable copper and nickel. This was latest to form in the zone of oxidation under supergene condition.
Characteristics of an Open Coast Tidal Flat: Example from Daman, West Coast of India
Authors: Saha Sourav , Ghosh Anupam , Banerjee Santanu , Saraswati Pratul K , Burley Stuart D 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:
This study highlights lithofacies and biofacies characteristics of the open coast tidal flat near Daman on the eastern flank of Gulf of Khambhat. Sedimentological and biological observation record six facies within the tidal flat area including older beach, beach face, sand flat, mud flat/mixed flat, sand bar and beach rock. Distinct sedimentary structures, foraminiferal assemblage and bioturbation intensity characterize each facies. A wide variety of wave and current generated sedimentary features characterize the sand flat facies. Semiconsolidated sands of older beach running parallel the coastline at a level higher than the present beach face possibly records the latest sea level highstand. The beach rock reflects early cementation of sands in tropical environments. Foraminifera are widely distributed in sand flats, mixed flats and mud flats and grouped into two biofacies – Ammonia-Elphidium-Quinqueloculina biofacies (sand flat and mixed flat) and Trochammina-Miliammina biofacies (mud flats). The beach face and sand bar facies contain forminifera reworked from sand flat and mud/mixed flat. Seasonal variation in depositional style is marked by deposition of fresh mud deposited over large areas of the intertidal flat during monsoon time, most of which is washed away by waves and current actions well before the onset of the next monsoon.