bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Illness Perceptions with Physical and Mental Health in Systemic Sclerosis Patients: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Arat Seher , Verschueren Patrick , De Langhe Ellen , Smith Vanessa , Vanthuyne Marie , Diya Luwis , den Heede Koen Van , Blockmans Daniel , De Keyser Filip , Houssiau Frédéric A. , Westhovens René 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between illness perceptions and the ability to cope with physical and mental health problems in a large cohort of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study in 217 systemic sclerosis patients from the Belgian Systemic Sclerosis Cohort. Illness perception and coping were measured by the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire and a coping questionnaire – the Coping Orientation of Problem Experience inventory (COPE). Physical and mental health‐related quality of life was measured by the 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36), as were disease activity and several severity parameters. The relationship between illness perceptions and the ability to cope with physical/mental health problems was examined using multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsAccording to LeRoy's classification, 49 patients had limited SSc (lSSc), 129 had limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and 39 had diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc). Median disease duration was five years and the modified Rodnan skin score was 4. Good physical health was significantly associated with the lcSSc subtype and low disease activity (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The perception of ‘serious consequences’ and strong ‘illness identity’ correlated with poor physical health (p < 0.001). Good mental health was associated with low illness identity scores and low ‘emotional response’ scores (p < 0.001). Coping variables were less significantly correlated with physical and mental health compared with the illness perception items.ConclusionIllness representations contribute more than classical disease characteristics to physical and mental health. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curtain coating of dilute suspensions
Authors: Chang Hsin‐Kuo , Shih Chia‐Jung , Liu Ta‐Jo , Tiu Carlos 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of particles in coating suspensions on the curtain coating window. Different concentrations of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles were dispersed in aqueous glycerol solutions. The maximum coating speed could be extended with the addition of PMMA particles provided the dynamic wetting line was beneath the falling curtain, the so‐called “hydrodynamic assist.” The extension of the maximum coating speed was found to be strongly dependent on the particle number density. The onset of air entrainment was strongly dependent on the ability of direct contact of particles in the suspension with the air film on the moving substrate. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Perceptual quality‐based image communication service framework for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Boluk Pinar Sarisaray , Baydere Sebnem , Harmanci A. Emre 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) have an increasing variety of multimedia‐based applications including image and video transmission. In these types of applications, multimedia sensor nodes should ideally maximize perceptual quality and minimize energy expenditures in communication. For the required perceptual quality to be obtained, quality‐aware routing is a key research area in WMSNs. However, mapping the system parameters to the end user's perceptual quality‐of‐service measures is a challenging task because of incomplete identification metrics. Unfortunately, unless disputable assumptions and simplifications are made, optimal routing algorithm is not tractable. In this paper, we propose a novel image transmission framework to optimize both perceptual quality and energy expenditure in WMSNs. Our framework aims to provide acceptable perceptual quality at the end user by using an analytical distortion prediction model that is able to predict the image distortion resulting from any given error pattern. The innovation of the proposed scheme lies in the combined use of a content‐aware packet prioritization with an energy‐aware and quality‐aware routing protocol, named as image quality‐aware routing. Additionally, it does not only propose an energy‐efficient route selection policy but also manages the network load according to the energy residues of nodes, thus leading to a great energy economy. The results reveal that the framework is capable of identifying true metrics for mapping required image quality to network parameters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Social Justice Scale (SJS)
Authors: Torres-Harding Susan R. , Siers Brian , Olson Bradley D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe study describes the development of the Social Justice Scale (SJS). Practitioners, educators, students, and other members of the community differ on their attitudes and values regarding social justice. It is important to assess, not only individuals’ attitudes and values around social values, but also other constructs that might be related to social justice behaviors. The implication of Ajzen in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50:179–211, (1991) theory of planned behavior suggests that attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and social norms predict intentions, which then lead to behaviors. A scale was designed to measure social justice‐related values, attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and intentions based on a four‐factor conception of Ajzen's theory. Confirmatory factor analysis and analyses for reliability and validity were used to test the properties of the scale.
Measles antibodies and response to vaccination in children aged less than 14 months: implications for age of vaccination
Authors: BORRÀS E. , URBIZTONDO L. , COSTA J. , BATALLA J. , TORNER N. , PLASENCIA A. , SALLERAS L. , DOMÍNGUEZ À. ,   the Working Group for the Study of Measles Immunity in Children
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYPassive immunity against measles decreases during the first months of life. The objective of this study was to determine titres of measles antibodies in children aged 9–14 months and their mothers before vaccination, and the children's response to vaccination. Blood samples were collected by capillary puncture before and 28 days after vaccination. Samples were obtained between February and June 2007 during an ongoing measles outbreak. Titres of specific measles IgG antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroconversion was defined as the presence of antibodies after vaccination in subjects without antibodies before vaccination. Maternal antibodies were present in 37·7% of all 69 children included and in 45·1% of children aged 9 months. Of the 51 children in whom a second sample was obtained, 31 (60·8%) were seronegative before vaccination and 61·3% seroconverted. Interference of maternal antibodies was 30%. Advancing the first dose of measles vaccination from 15 to 12 months is a correct strategy, given the increase in the time of susceptibility of infants to measles.
Tainted law? The Italian Penal Code, Fascism and democracy
Authors: Skinner Stephen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe current Italian Penal Code is the direct descendant of the 1930 Rocco Code. Originally a hybrid of authoritarian and liberal elements, but revised and reinterpreted in the postwar Republic, the Code was nevertheless introduced under the Fascists and has not been definitively replaced or renamed. Given such roots, this article argues that the Code's legitimacy can be questioned by considering the significance of the Fascist past in terms of the Code's symbolic, contextually narrative and memorial dimensions. On this basis the article develops a concept of tainted law in order to ground and direct analysis of law in relation to the anti-democratic past, arguing that critical engagement with the connections between law and the darker episodes of twentieth-century politico-legal history is vital to the construction and conservation of democratic legal systems today.
Selective 5-HT1A-R-agonist Repinotan Prevents Remifentanil-induced Ventilatory Depression and Prolongs Antinociception
Authors: Guenther Ulf , Theuerkauf Nils U. , Huse Daniel , Boettcher Michael F. , Wensing Georg , Putensen Christian , Hoeft Andreas 
Published: November 2011

Background
5-HT(1A)-R-agonist repinotan was shown to counteract a morphine-induced ventilatory depression but had pronociceptive effects at small doses (0.2 μg/kg). It remained to be clarified (1) whether a moderate dose of repinotan, sufficient to stimulate spontaneous breathing, impairs antinociception if plasma concentration decreases over time, and if (2) moderate doses prevent ventilatory depression if given before the opioid.

Methods
A dose-response curve of the repinotan effects on spontaneous minute ventilation during continuous remifentanil infusion in anesthetized rats was established to identify moderate doses: (1) tail-flick reflex latencies to assess nociception were recorded until 60 min after cessation of a continuous remifentanil infusion with or without a concomitant moderate repinotan dose (10 μg/kg), and (2) remifentanil boluses (2.5 μg/kg) were given after repinotan (10 and 20 μg/kg).

Results
(1) Remifentanil-induced antinociception lasted only 5 min after infusion was stopped (tail-flick reflex latencies; median [interquartile range], 97 [54-100]% of maximum possible effect; P = 0.034), but was extended by repinotan (10 μg/kg) to 30 min (tail-flick reflex latencies, 100 [75-100]% of maximum possible effect; P = 0.031). Repinotan (10 μg/kg) alone did not have any significant antinociceptive effect. (2) The ventilatory depression by remifentanil boluses (2.5 μg/kg; minute ventilation, -65 [-81 to -56]%; P = 0.031, n = 5) was blunted by repinotan (20 μg/kg; minute ventilation, -24 [-53 to 13]%; P = 0.313, compared with the pretreatment level).

Conclusions
Repinotan prevented remifentanil-induced ventilatory depression in spontaneously breathing, anesthetized rats. Although repinotan did not depress nociception itself, it prolonged the profound antinociception after discontinuation of remifentanil infusion.
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. (January, 1951.); VI.—THE VIRUS AND THE CELL
Authors: Findlay G. M. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISThe varying meanings which have been attached to the word “virus” are discussed. The present conception of a virus is an autocatalytic organism, largely composed of nucleoprotein and competing with the cell which it parasitizes for a substrate common to the virus and the cellular nucleoproteins. The cytological changes produced in cells by viruses are discussed and their analogies to those occurring in mutated cells are indicated. The hypothesis is put forward that as mutations can be induced in unicellular organisms by the addition of extrinsic nuclear material, so a virus‐infected cell can be regarded as a mutated cell. Some virus‐infected cells behave as malignant tumour cells, although viruses cannot be isolated from all malignant tumours. It is, however, suggested that the existence of apparently virus‐mutated malignant cells supports the theory which ascribes all malignant change to somatic mutation. Such somatic mutations would be brought about either by rearrangement of the pre‐existing genes, occurring spontaneously or as a result of some extrinsic stimulus (physical or chemical), or by the addition from outside of a virus‐nucleoprotein which acts as a mutagen.
VIII.—PREDECESSORS OF THE GLASS MICROMETER
Authors: Kisch Arnold I. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISSome important forerunners of present‐day micrometers are described. Special attention is given to the expounders of each of these early devices and the practicability of the devices themselves. A brief description is given of a rare micrometer, made by John Cuff in the early eighteenth century, and now in the author's possession.
XX.—STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE SKELETAL MUSCLES OF SUCKLING MICE FOLLOWING INFECTION WITH A COXSACKIE VIRUS OF THE “A” GROUP (Var. Swiss)
Authors: Aumonier F. J. 
Published: November 2011

SynopsisAn account is given of the changes produced by a particular strain of Coxsackie virus in the skeletal muscles of young mice. These changes are: loss of striations (the “Z” and “H” bands disappearing before the “A” and “I”), swelling of the myofibrillæ, localized œdema, loss of all internal structure with generalized œdema, and finally regeneration if the animal lives.
A VECTOR THEORY OF PHASE CONTRAST AND INTERFERENCE CONTRAST: V. INTERFERENCE CONTRAST
Authors: Barer R. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISThe vector representation of interference contrast is discussed and it is shown that it leads to results identical in principle with those of phase contrast. Any problem in interference contrast can be expressed in terms of an equivalent phase‐contrast system and vice versa. After analysing a number of special cases, a simple method of interconversion between phase and interference contrast is described. The effects of varying the phase and amplitude controls of an interference contrast system are discussed in terms of the characteristics of the equivalent phase‐contrast system. It is shown that one of the most important advantages of interference contrast is that it enables Richter's condition to be obtained quite simply by making the two interfering beams equal in intensity. This enables any phase detail to be made perfectly black and is useful for quantitative measurements of phase change.
SOME SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN LAMBSKINS
Authors: Dempsey Mary 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISThe histological changes in the dermis of Kerry Hill lambs throughout a year have been investigated. The main change observed was in the sweat glands which were largest in the warmer months: the mechanism by which they appear and disappear is indicated. Fat varied irregularly. Elastin and reticulin were not found to vary according to age or season.
WATER‐SOLUBLE EMBEDDING MEDIA AND PERMANENT MOUNTANTS FOR USE IN HISTOLOGICAL WORK WITH BOTANICAL MATERIALS
Authors: Fell K. R. , Rowson J. M. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISFurther successful techniques for embedding botanical materials (leaf and stem of Rubus idœeus) in various polyethylene glycol media are outlined. A method of incorporating celloidin into polyethylene glycol media and polyethylene glycol monostearate (“Nonex 63B”) is described. The utility of the various embedding media is discussed. Details of permanent mounting of ribbons of serial sections in several polyvinyl alcohol mountants are given.It is concluded that the methods are especially suitable for the rapid production of large numbers of permanently mounted thin serial sections, the cells of which are virtually undistorted. Such mounts therefore lend themselves particularly to reproduction by means of high‐power camera‐lucida or projection drawings. The utility of the mounts is enhanced by the incorporation of simple cellulosic stains into the polyvinyl alcohol mountants.The use of celloidin in conjunction with these dehydrating and embedding reagents is concluded to be of limited application only, in this present work.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF FIBRE BUNDLES
Authors: Dempsey M. , Haines B. M. , Hitchborn J. H. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISA résumé is given of the literature on the morphology of collagen fibre bundles, and the occurrence in them of elastin, reticular tissue, and a cement substance. Two methods of demonstrating reticular tissue have been investigated.(1) Silver impregnation. A number of variations of the technique have been tried, and Foot's balanced solutions method has been adopted as the most satisfactory for skin. It gives clear, sharp preparations, in which (after toning with gold) collagen becomes rose‐red to rather purple in colour, and reticular tissue usually shows black. The fine binding fibrils around collagen fibre bundles did not stain as elastin, nor did they become black when impregnated with silver. Nevertheless, they are considered to be reticular tissue, since morphologically they resemble reticulin more closely than they do collagen.(2) Swelling of fibres. Fibre bundles teased from the skin of cattle (calf and ox) and sheep (3–18 months) were soaked at a range of pH values in hydrochloric acid solutions. Calf fibre bundles from the leg swelled more readily and at higher pH values than those of the ox from the same position, in which the restrictive binding tissue was present as an intermittent sheath. The collagen fibres twisted into a rope‐like form and became entangled in the associated elastin fibres, which, therefore, played an important part in restricting the fibre bundles as they swelled. It is also inferred, though the investigation was not specially directed towards this point, that a cement substance is present, holding the collagen fibres into bundles even in the absence of reticular tissue and elastin.
A CARBON REPLICA TECHNIQUE FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF THE DIVISION OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIÆ WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Authors: Bradley D. E. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISThe surfaces of bacteria and similar organisms cannot be satisfactorily studied in the electron microscope because of the excessive mass thickness of the cells. The paper describes an adaptation of the carbon replica technique, which enables a surface examination to be carried out. Artifacts, which are often present when cells are examined directly, are even more apparent in replica studies. The nature and origin of these artifacts is fully discussed.The replica technique is applied to a surface study of Saccharomyces cerevisiæ. By examining micrographs of replicas of budding scars and also of cells at various stages of division, it is possible to build up a plausible picture of the whole division process.
A NOTE ON NAVICULA MACULOSA DONKIN
Authors: Hendey N. Ingram 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISThe type specimens of Navicula maculosa Donkin and Navicula albinensis Grunow have been examined and the species are shown to be synonymous. Navicula maculosa Donkin in Peragallo, Diatomées marines de France, 1897–1908, is a misidentification and this species has been renamed.
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS I.—CALCIUM CARBONATE IN THE SCALE FROM WATER
Authors: Wallis T. E. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISSome examples of the variety found in the micro‐crystalline form of the scale obtained by boiling natural waters. Preparation of solutions for experimental investigations. Types of micro‐crystals of calcium carbonate and comparison with crystals of calcite and aragonite, and with the crystals of ice found in snow. Influence of temperature and of dissolved carbon dioxide. Modifications resulting from the presence of small traces of silicates, chlorides and sulphates in water.
II.—A SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRON STAINING
Authors: Cosslett V. E. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISDifferential contrast in an electron image is determined mainly by differential scattering in the object. The theory of electron scattering is outlined, leading to the conclusion that contrast arises almost entirely from differences in density and thickness of different parts of the object. Numerical data are quoted for the elastic and inelastic cross‐sections of a number of elements; the variation with aperture angle is appreciable only for elements of low atomic number at the voltages at which an electron microscope is usually operated. The possibility of substance differentiation by photometry of the electron image is very limited in unstained material. Differential staining may improve the prospects, but only if a relatively large uptake can be achieved. Since it is the weight‐for‐weight uptake of stain which counts in enhancing contrast, it is not essential that the stain should contain a heavy element. On the other hand, contrast can be greatly increased simply by reducing the operating voltage, and substance discrimination should then be possible even in an extremely thin unstained section.
C.—SOME ASPECTS OF STAINING OF TISSUE FOR SECTIONING
Authors: Huxley H. E. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISVery considerable amounts of phosphotungstic acid can be taken up from absolute alcohol by fixed tissue prior to embedding, without apparent detriment to its structure, and some results are presented concerning the amount of stain involved and the enhancement of contrast produced. Sections of muscle which are sufficiently thin to avoid confusion due to overlap of adjacent structures are almost completely invisible in the electron microscope unless phosphotungstic acid staining is employed, and it seems conceivable that errors of interpretation may arise in other fields, as they did in the case of muscle, due to the overlap artifact in insufficiently stained, insufficiently thin sections. The presence of large amounts of phosphotungstic acid also seems to protect the tissue in very thin sections against damage during cutting.
THE COMPLEMENTARY NATURE OF LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Barer R. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISSome aspects of recent progress in microscopy are reviewed. The widespread development of histology at the electron microscope level has been made possible by technical advances such as the design of microtomes capable of cutting very thin sections, the development of suitable methods of fixation and embedding, and the invention of the glass knife.Some basic principles of microscopy are discussed and the origin of contrast is considered. It is shown that in many cases microscopic methods reveal the distribution of mass per unit area. This mass may be specific, as in the case of certain staining or absorption methods, or non‐specific, (i.e. total) as in the case of refractile objects and in electron microscopy. It is emphasized that no single method is capable of revealing all the physical and chemical properties of a specimen, and an examination under the microscope must be regarded as one of many possible experiments.
THE MALE GENITALIA OF ONISCUS ASELLUS (LINNÆUS)
Authors: Mathur R. S. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISThe cytology of the various cells of the male genitalia of Oniscus asellus are described. The spermatogenesis is of normal flagellate type. The sperms are non‐motile in vitro and are glued together. Cyto‐chemical investigations of the supporting cells of the testicular follicles and the large cells of the vasa deferentia are also reported.
SOME MICROELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES OF NORMAL AND TUMOUR CELLS
Authors: Lowick J. H. B. , Purdom L. , James A. M. , Ambrose E. J. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISA new technique has been developed for the measurement of the electrical mobility of suspended tissue cells. It is shown that the mobility is characteristic for a given type of tissue. Various types of ascites tumours show characteristic mean values and distributions of mobility, which remain stable over long periods of time. Normal cells and homologous tumour cells which were examined showed differences between their mobilities, the negative surface charge on the tumour cell being almost double that of the corresponding normal tissue.
ELEPHANT AND RHINOCEROS LYMPH‐NODE HISTOLOGY
Authors: Cave A. J. E. , Aumonier F. J. 
Published: November 2011

SYNOPSISThe histology is described, for the first time, of certain of the lymph nodes of the African Elephant (Loxodonta africana Blumenbach), of the Great Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis Linn.) and of the African Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis Linn.): reference is made to the nodes of the African White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum Gray). All nodes studied prove to be hæmolymph organs.