bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noise Trading in Small Markets
Authors: PALOMINO FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTConsidering noise traders as agents with unpredictable beliefs, we show that in an imperfectly competitive market with risk averse investors, noise traders may earn higher expected utility than rational investors. This happens when, by deviating from the Nash equilibrium strategy, noise traders hurt rational investors more than themselves. It follows that the willingness of arbitrageurs to exploit noise traders' misperceptions is lower relative to a perfectly competitive economy. This result reinforces the theory that noise trading may explain closed‐end fund discounts and small firms' returns, since these markets are less competitive than the market for large firms' stock.
Is There a Window of Opportunity for Seasoned Equity Issuance?
Authors: BAYLESS MARK , CHAPLINSKY SUSAN 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe aggregate volume of equity issues is used to search for periods when seasoned equity capital can be raised at favorable terms. We find that the price reaction to equity issue announcements in high equity issue volume (HOT) periods is approximately 200 basis points lower on average than in low equity issue volume (COLD) periods. The lower price reaction in hot markets is economically important and is independent of the macroeconomic characteristics of hot and cold markets. The evidence supports the existence of windows of opportunity for equity issues that result at least partially from reduced levels of asymmetric information.
General Properties of Option Prices
Authors: BERGMAN YAACOV Z. , GRUNDY BRUCE D. , WIENER ZVI 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWhen the underlying price process is a one‐dimensional diffusion, as well as in certain restricted stochastic volatility settings, a contingent claim's delta is bounded by the infimum and supremum of its delta at maturity. Further, if the claim's payoff is convex (concave), the claim's price is a convex (concave) function of the underlying asset's value. However, when volatility is less specialized, or when the underlying process is discontinuous or non‐Markovian, a call's price can be a decreasing, concave function of the underlying price over some range, increasing with the passage of time, and decreasing in the level of interest rates.
Measuring International Economic Linkages with Stock Market Data
Authors: AMMER JOHN , MEI JIANPING 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis article develops a new framework for measuring financial and real economic linkages between countries. Using United States and United Kingdom data from 1957 to 1989, we find closer financial linkages after the Bretton Woods currency arrangement was abandoned and Britain suspended exchange controls. In a pairwise application to fifteen countries over a shorter period, we also find that news about future dividend growth is more highly correlated between countries than contemporaneous output measures. This suggests that there are lags in the international transmission of economic shocks and that contemporaneous output correlation may understate the magnitude of integration.
Quotes, Prices, and Estimates in a Laboratory Market
Authors: BLOOMFIELD ROBERT 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examines the behavior of laboratory markets in which two uninformed market makers compete to trade with heterogeneously informed investors. The data provide three main results. First, market makers set quotes to protect against adverse selection and to control inventory. Second, when investors are less well‐informed, their trades are less reliable measures of their information, and market makers respond to those trades with greater skepticism. Third, errors in market makers' reactions to trades cause the time‐series behavior of quotes and prices to depend on the information environment in ways beyond those captured in extant theory.
The Determinants of the Maturity of Corporate Debt Issues
Authors: GUEDES JOSE , OPLER TIM 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe document the determinants of the term to maturity of 7,369 bonds and notes issued between 1982 and 1993. Our main finding is that large firms with investment grade credit ratings typically borrow at the short end and at the long end and of the maturity spectrum, while firms with speculative grade credit ratings typically borrow in the middle of the maturity spectrum. This pattern is consistent with the theory that risky firms do not issue short‐term debt in order to avoid inefficient liquidation, but are screened out of the long‐term debt market because of the prospect of risky asset substitution.
The Wealth Effects of Bank Financing Announcements in Highly Leveraged Transactions
Authors: KRACAW WILLIAM A. , ZENNER MARC 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe analyze the effect of financing announcements of highly leveraged transactions (HLTs) on the stock prices of the banks that lead HLT‐lending syndicates. For our sample of 41 HLTs, we document that the first HLT and bank financing announcements result in positive wealth effects for the lending banks. We also find that these wealth effects are lower in 1985, for smaller HLTs, and for banks with a high loan loss reserve to total asset ratio. Finally, we report that Leveraged Buyout (LBO) targets gain about 2 percent, whereas leveraged recap targets lose about 2 percent, when the first bank financing agreement is announced.
Outcomes of patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) under chronic hemodialysis requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and patients without ESRD in acute kidney injury requiring CRRT: A single‐center study
Authors: Jung Yeon Soon , Lee Junseop , Shin Ho Sik , Rim Hark 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn most continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) studies, end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients were excluded and the outcomes of patients with ESRD treated with chronic hemodialysis (HD) were unknown. The purposes of this study were to (1) evaluate short‐term patient survival and (2) compare the survival of conventional HD patients needing CRRT with the survival of non‐ ESRD patients in acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring CRRT. We evaluated adults (>18 years) requiring CRRT who were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Kosin University Gospel Hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010. A total of 100 (24 ESRD, 76 non‐ESRD) patients underwent CRRT during the study period. Patients were divided into two major groups: patients with ESRD requiring chronic dialysis and patients without ESRD (non‐ESRD) with AKI. We compared the survival of conventional HD patients requiring CRRT with the survival of non‐ ESRD patients in AKI requiring CRRT. For non‐ESRD patients, the 90‐day survival rate was 41.6%. For ESRD patients, the 90‐day survival rate was 55.3%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses demonstrated that conventional HD was not a significant predictor of mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.334, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.063–1.763, P = 0.196), after adjustment for age, gender, presence of sepsis, APACHE score, use of vasoactive drugs, number of organ failures, ultrafiltration rate, and arterial pH. The survival rates of non‐ESRD and ESRD patients requiring CRRT did not differ; ESRD with conventional HD patients may be not a significant predictor of mortality.
Significance of keratinized mucosa around dental implants: a prospective comparative study
Authors: Boynueğri Duygu , Nemli Seçil K. , Kasko Yeliz A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the significance of keratinized mucosa (KM) around dental implants both clinically and biochemically for 12 months.Material and methodsFifteen edentulous patients treated with implant‐retained overdentures in edentulous mandible (four implants per patient). Based on the presence of keratinized mucosa on the buccal surfaces, implants were divided into two groups: Implants having minimal 2 mm of KM on their buccal surfaces and implants having no KM on their buccal surfaces. Thirty‐six implants were included in the evaluations; 19 implants in 15 patients had minimal 2 mm of KM on their buccal surfaces and 17 implants in 15 patients had no KM on their buccal surfaces. Clinical measurements of Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing depths, and Bleeding on Probing were performed and peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were collected immediately before loading (baseline) and at 6th, 12th months after loading. Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1 β) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) have been assessed in the crevicular fluid. Results were analyzed by repeated‐measures of variance (ANOVA) and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.ResultsAfter 12 months of evaluation the results of ANOVA showed that implants with KM had lower levels of TNF‐α total amounts than implants without KM (P < 0.05). Additionally, TNF‐α total amounts were significantly higher at 12th month compared to baseline for implants without KM (P < 0.05). Plaque index and Gingival index values were also found significantly higher for implants without KM (P < 0.05). For IL‐1 β and PICF volume levels the differences between the implant groups were non significant, whereas the differences between the periods were significant. (P < 0.05) Additionally, both of the groups had higher levels of PII and BoP scores when compared to baseline (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that an adequate band of keratinized mucosa was related with less plaque accumulation and mucosal inflammation as well as pro‐inflammatuar mediators, suggesting that it may be critical especially for plaque control and plaque associated mucosal lesions around dental implants.
Upregulation of N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐V by heparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor induces keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal hyperplasia
Authors: Kimura Akihiro , Terao Mika , Kato Arisa , Hanafusa Takaaki , Murota Hiroyuki , Katayama Ichiro , Miyoshi Eiji 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOligosaccharide modification by N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐V (GnT‐V), a glycosyltransferase encoded by the Mgat5 gene that catalyses the formation of β1,6 GlcNAc (N‐acetylglucosamine) branches on N‐glycans, is thought to be associated with cancer growth and metastasis. Overexpression of GnT‐V in cancer cells enhances the signalling of growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor‐β by increasing galectin‐3 binding to polylactosamine structures on receptor N‐glycans. We previously demonstrated that transgenic mice overexpressing GnT‐V fail to develop spontaneous tumors in any organs, but phenotypes reminiscent of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition were observed in their skin. However, the biological function of GnT‐V in normal skin remained unknown. In this study, we examined the role of GnT‐V in keratinocyte proliferation using GnT‐V‐deficient mice. Proliferation of human keratinocytes was suppressed by treatment with GnT‐V siRNA. Mgat5−/− mouse keratinocytes also showed impaired cell proliferation through the reduction in EGF receptors on the cell surface. Although the skin of Mgat5−/− mice appeared normal, epidermal hyperplasia and proliferation of keratinocytes induced by the phorbol ester 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) were downregulated in these mutants. Moreover, a dramatic increase in GnT‐V expression was observed by treatment with TPA or heparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. This increase was inhibited by an EGF receptor inhibitor. These results indicate that a high expression of GnT‐V in keratinocytes contributes to HB‐EGF‐mediated epidermal hyperproliferation by inhibiting endocytosis of EGF receptors bearing β1,6 GlcNAc on their N‐glycans. Our findings demonstrate a novel role for GnT‐V in epidermal homoeostasis, particularly in hyperproliferative conditions.
Epidermolysis bullosa – a group of skin diseases with different causes but commonalities in gene expression
Authors: Knaup Julia , Verwanger Thomas , Gruber Christina , Ziegler Verena , Bauer Johann W. , Krammer Barbara 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of hereditary skin disorders. Although each subtype is caused by mutations in genes encoding differentially located components of the skin, the resulting phenotype is similar. In this study, we investigated similarities in the gene expression profiles of each subtype onmRNAlevel. Type XVI collagen (COL16A1),G0/G1 switch 2 (G0S2), fibronectin (FN1), ribosomal proteinS27A(RPS27A) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were shown to exhibit corresponding changes in gene expression in all threeEBsubtypes. WhileCOL16A1,G0S2 andFN1 are up‐regulated,LDLRandRPS27AmRNAlevels are decreased. These data indicate that EB cells seem to take measures increasing their mechanical stability. Apoptosis is likely to be exacerbated, and migratory potential appears to be elevated. Protein degradation is hampered, and the release of fatty acids and glycerol is restricted, probably to save energy. These commonalities might benefit existing EB treatment strategies or could help to reveal new starting points for the treatment of EB in the future.
Silent no more! The lived experiences of women with lichen sclerosis
Authors: Wehbe‐Alamah Hiba , Kornblau Barbara L. , Haderer JoAnn , Erickson Janetlynne 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose: Lichen Sclerosis (LS) is an often unrecognized and misdiagnosed chronic inflammatory skin condition of the anogenital area that affects quality of life, bringing severe discomfort and distress to affected men, women, and children. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the lived experiences of women with LS.Data sources: Content analysis was conducted of data obtained from three public online forums/blogs used by women with LS. A total of 527 postings/entries were analyzed for patterns and themes by four researchers.Conclusions: Five core themes emerged as a result of this study, revealing feelings of frustration and despair stemming from healthcare providers' lack of knowledge in relation to Lichen Sclerosis, often leading to misdiagnosis, prolonged suffering, and an altered quality of life.Implications for practice: Knowledgeable healthcare providers and additional research into the cause, treatment, and cure of Lichen Sclerosis are needed. Advance‐practice nurses stand to play an important role in the areas of education, research, policy making, and clinical practice to advocate for and empower women with LS.
A questionnaire survey of patient experience with the Rheumatology Monitoring Clinic in Singapore
Authors: Chew Li‐Ching , Lim Teong Guan , Loy Kia Lan , Kong Ming Chai , Chang Wei Terk , Tan Siok Bee , PANG How Tze , Chen Li Li , Thumboo Julian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimThe concept of a pharmacist/advanced practice nurse (APN)‐led Rheumatology Monitoring Clinic (RMC) is a novel service in Singapore; we therefore conducted a questionnaire survey of patient experience.MethodsPatients attending the RMC were provided with a set of questionnaires. As a substudy, a separate questionnaire was given to the rheumatologists and therapists conducting the RMC.ResultsOf the 105 patients surveyed, a total of 97 (92.4%) patients were satisfied/strongly satisfied with the overall service, and none were dissatisfied; 96% felt that the pharmacists/APNs provided clear, detailed information about their disease and medication, while 92% of patients were confident they knew what side‐effects were possible. Ninety‐two percent and 93% of patients were more likely to adhere to treatment, and were willing to come back for follow‐up at the RMC, respectively. There was no difference in patient satisfaction in the average Likert summed scores, between the pharmacists and APNs. Age, gender, ethnicity and underlying disease did not exert any influence on the responses. All the rheumatologists surveyed were satisfied with the patients' management and the professionalism of the therapists. They opined that the RMC freed up time for them to see more complex cases. All the pharmacists/APNs concurred that the referrals were appropriately selected.ConclusionsWe established the acceptability of a non‐physician‐led clinic in our local setting and highlighted the usefulness of having a routine clinic for monitoring medication toxicity and patient education. The RMC received positive feedback from patients, rheumatologists and allied health therapists, with a high degree of satisfaction among the respondents.
Attenuation of blast pressure behind ballistic protective vests
Authors: Wood Garrett W , Panzer Matthew B , Shridharani Jay K , Matthews Kyle A , Capehart Bruce P , Myers Barry S , Bass Cameron R 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundClinical studies increasingly report brain injury and not pulmonary injury following blast exposures, despite the increased frequency of exposure to explosive devices. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of personal body armour use on the potential for primary blast injury and to determine the risk of brain and pulmonary injury following a blast and its impact on the clinical care of patients with a history of blast exposure.MethodsA shock tube was used to generate blast overpressures on soft ballistic protective vests (NIJ Level-2) and hard protective vests (NIJ Level-4) while overpressure was recorded behind the vest.ResultsBoth types of vest were found to significantly decrease pulmonary injury risk following a blast for a wide range of conditions. At the highest tested blast overpressure, the soft vest decreased the behind armour overpressure by a factor of 14.2, and the hard vest decreased behind armour overpressure by a factor of 56.8. Addition of body armour increased the 50th percentile pulmonary death tolerance of both vests to higher levels than the 50th percentile for brain injury.ConclusionsThese results suggest that ballistic protective body armour vests, especially hard body armour plates, provide substantial chest protection in primary blasts and explain the increased frequency of head injuries, without the presence of pulmonary injuries, in protected subjects reporting a history of blast exposure. These results suggest increased clinical suspicion for mild to severe brain injury is warranted in persons wearing body armour exposed to a blast with or without pulmonary injury.
Vivisection as War: The “Moral Diseases” of Animal Experimentation and Slavery in British Victorian Quaker Pacifist Ethics
Authors: Glaholt Hayley Rose 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper demonstrates how British Quakers, between 1870 and 1914, attempted to understand and debate the issue of vivisection through the lens of the Quaker peace testimony. Drawing on primary source materials, the article argues that these Friends were able to agitate for radical legislative and social change using virtue ethics as their framework. The paper further suggests that the moral parameters of the Quaker testimony for peace expanded briefly in this period to include interspecies as well as intraspecies engagement. Friends accomplished this by arguing that humans could not engage in vivisection—a “moral disease” just like slavery and war—without risking individual and social virtue. Friends were able to call for radical change in society without arguing for ethical egalitarianism. Hierarchy was implicit in their virtue ethic, but this did not hinder their creation of a forward-thinking stance on human-animal relations.
Conceptualizing Household Consumption Informality in the South Texas Borderlands
Authors: Pisani Michael J. , Sepulveda Carlos 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this paper we introduce a conceptual model and corresponding research propositions for consumption informality, utilizing households as the unit of analysis and the South Texas borderlands as our geographic exemplar. The model connects demographic and facilitation mechanisms as the primary determinants of consumption informality. In an initial and exploratory appraisal of the model, we find that a majority of households engage in informal consumption, when modeled, utilizing household work substitution services; and hence, we offer preliminary support for the conceptual model.
The Poetics of the Poet’s Autobiography: Voicings and Mutings in Fadwā Ṭūqān’s Narrative Journey
Authors: Sheetrit Ariel M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article offers a literary reading of Palestinian poet Fadwā Ṭūqān’s autobiography, Riḥlah ṣaʿbah, riḥlah jabaliyyah (A Mountainous Journey, 1985). This text’s literary complexities have not yet been adequately addressed, despite the critical attention it has received. The present study maps this text’s central tension, namely, that on the one hand, it is populated by many characters and contains many voices, and on the other, that most of the voices which are sounded do not belong to the characters one might expect. In examining the voicings in this text, this study reveals how the text invokes genres not only through excerpting, but by writing in relation to traditional narrative structures, integrating them into a new context. It offers a reading of this text as an inverted riḥlah, that is, as a journey of one who cannot travel. It also argues that this text recalls the tradition of the short story cycle, showing how the purported linearity of the text is imbued with circularity in content, language and structure. By implicating other genres, the text subverts patriarchal tradition from within ostensibly masculine cultural and literary structures (such as the riḥlah), overlaying it with the more feminine-inclined framework of the short story cycle. In so doing, it challenges and extends the purport of the original texts, positioning them in dialogic conversation with Ṭūqān’s criticism of them and her own textual compositions.
A Sketch Map of Arabic Poetry Anthologies up to the Fall of Baghdad
Authors: Orfali Bilal 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article provides a sketch map of Arabic poetry anthologies up to the fall of Baghdad in 759/1258 by grouping titles that share general characteristics in form or content, or exhibit specific goals and aspirations. The purpose is to provide an analytic framework to the study of this type of literature. With its ten categories, the map allows for the inclusion of new or previously overlooked anthologies. The map is introduced by a survey of the state of scholarship on the terms adab and anthology within the scope of classical Arabic literature, and highlights a number of the main approaches to the study of Arabic literary anthology in recent scholarship. The article also suggests some authorial motives behind the genesis, development, and popularity of this type of literature.
Qalāwūnid Discourse, Elite Communication and the Mamluk Cultural Matrix: Interpreting a 14th-Century Panegyric
Authors: Steenbergen Jo Van 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article analyses a brief panegyric text from mid-14th-century Egypt, authored by the court scribe Ibrāhīm b. al-Qaysarānī (d. 1352) and dedicated to the Qalāwūnid Mamluk sultan al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ Ismāʿīl (r. 1342-5). It challenges this panegyric’s standard treatment as a work of history and as a product of court propaganda, and instead connects it to wider issues of Mamluk literary production and social organisation. In doing so, a new understanding of this panegyric emerges within a specific context of Mamluk elite communication and social performance, demonstrating at the same time how such a social semiotic reading of Mamluk cultural expressions generates further insights into the symbiotic interactions between Mamluk culture and society.