bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of panoramic hyperspectral imaging with terrestrial lidar data
Authors: Kurz Tobias H. , Buckley Simon J. , Howell John A. , Schneider Danilo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn many close‐range applications it is essential to obtain information about the geometry of the target surface as well as its chemical composition. In this study, close‐range hyperspectral imaging was integrated with terrestrial laser scanning to provide mineral and chemical information for geological field studies. The spectral data was collected with the HySpex SWIR‐320m sensor, which operates in the infrared spectrum between the wavelengths of 1·3 and 2·5 μm. This sensor permits surfaces to be imaged with high spectral resolution, allowing detailed classification and analysis to be carried out. Photogrammetric processing of the hyperspectral imagery was achieved using an existing geometric model for rotating linear‐array‐based panoramic cameras. Bundle block adjustment of multiple images resulted in the registration of the spectral images in the lidar coordinate system, with a precision of around one image pixel. Although the image and control point network was not optimised for photogrammetric processing, it was possible to recover the exterior camera orientations, as well as additional camera calibration parameters. With the known image orientations, 3D lidar models could be textured with hyperspectral classifications, and the quality of the registration determined. The integration of the hyperspectral image products with the terrestrial lidar data enabled data interpretation and evaluation in a real‐world coordinate system, and provided a reliable means of linking material and geometric information.
Large Eddy Simulation of a Stenosed Artery Using a Femoral Artery Pulsatile Flow Profile
Authors: Barber Tracie J. , Simmons Anne 
Published: June 2011

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics simulation of stenosed arteries allows the analysis of quantities including wall shear stress, velocity, and pressure; detailed in vivo measurement is difficult yet the analysis of the fluid dynamics related to stenosis is important in understanding the likely causes and ongoing effects on the integrity of the vessel. In this study, a three‐dimensional Large Eddy Simulation is conducted of a 50% occluded vessel, with a typical femoral artery profile used as the transient inlet conditions. The fluid is assumed to be homogenous, Newtonian and incompressible and the walls are assumed rigid. The stenosis is axisymmetric, however the three‐dimensional study allows for a flow field that is not axisymmetric and results show significant three‐dimensionality. High values of wall shear stress and oscillatory values of wall shear stress (varying in both space time) are observed. The results of the study give insight into the time‐varying flow structures for a mildly stenosed artery and indicate that three‐dimensional simulations may be important to gain a complete understanding of the flow field.
Diagnostic Criteria for Headache Due to Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Perspective
Authors: Schievink Wouter I. , Dodick David W. , Mokri Bahram , Silberstein Stephen , Bousser Marie‐Germaine , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: June 2011

The clinical and radiographic manifestations of spontaneous intracranial hypotension are highly variable and many patients do not satisfy the 2004 International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria. We developed new diagnostic criteria for spontaneous intracranial hypotension based on cases we have seen reflecting the variable manifestations of the disorder. These criteria provide a basis for change when the classification criteria are next revised.The diagnostic criteria consist of A, orthostatic headache; B, the presence of at least one of the following: low opening pressure (≤60 mm H2O), sustained improvement of symptoms after epidural blood patching, demonstration of an active spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak, cranial magnetic resonance imaging changes of intracranial hypotension (eg, brain sagging or pachymeningeal enhancement); C, no recent history of dural puncture; and D, not attributable to another disorder.
Hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti‐IH
Authors: Irani Mehraboon S. , Richards Cheryl 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND: Anti‐IH is usually a clinically insignificant antibody that may complicate a serologic workup. However, it can occasionally cause hemolysis. We report a rare case of acute hemolysis caused by anti‐IH.CASE REPORT: A 60‐year‐old man with a long history of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and anemia, blood group A, D+ was found to have an unidentified antibody on serologic workup. He received an A, D+ red blood cell (RBC) unit that was crossmatch compatible by immunoglobulin G indirect antiglobulin test and then experienced an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction with fever, hemoglobinuria, and acute renal failure. The antibody was later identified as an anti‐IH with a wide thermal amplitude. The transfused RBCs were later typed as A2. The patient was subsequently typed as an A1 individual. The patient recovered completely from the effects of this reaction and was transfused with A1 RBCs over the next few days with no adverse effect.CONCLUSION: Anti‐IH, which is usually clinically insignificant and often found in A1, B, and A1B individuals, can, on rare occasions, cause acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, especially when an A2 unit is transfused to an A1 patient.
FINANCE AND GROWTH: NEW EVIDENCE ON THE ROLE OF INSURANCE
Authors: AZMAN‐SAINI W.N.W , SMITH PETER 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper provides new evidence that sheds light on the impact of insurance sector development on output growth, capital accumulation and productivity improvement, using data from 51 countries (developed and developing) during 1981‐2005. The dynamic panel data analysis results demonstrate that insurance sector development affects growth predominantly through productivity improvement in developed countries, while in developing countries it promotes capital accumulation.
TempNet: a method to display statistical parsimony networks for heterochronous DNA sequence data
Authors: Prost Stefan , Anderson Christian N. K. 
Published: June 2011

Summary1. Heterochronous data have been used to study demographic changes in epidemiology and ancient DNA studies, revolutionizing our understanding of complex evolutionary processes such as invasions, migrations and responses to drugs or climate change. While there are sophisticated applications based on Markov‐Chain Monte Carlo or Approximate Bayesian Computation to study these processes through time, summarizing the raw genetic data in an intuitively meaningful graphic can be challenging, most notably if identical haplotypes are present at different points in time.2. We present temporal networks, an attractive way to display and summarize relationships within the heterochronous data so commonly used in ancient DNA or epidemiological research. TempNet is a user‐friendly R script that creates journal‐quality figures from genetic data in standard formats (FASTA, CLUSTAL, etc.). These figures are customizable and interactive within the R graphics window. Using three examples, we demonstrate that TempNet can deal with standard‐sized datasets, as well as datasets of hundreds of sequences from fast‐evolving organisms.3. Temporal networks are flexible ways to illustrate genetic relationships through time. Furthermore, this approach is not limited to time‐stamped data, but can also be used for different data partitioning strategies, such as spatial or phenotypic groupings. The R script presented here will be useful in illustrating complex genetic relationships between groups.
Distance weighting avoids erroneous scale effects in species‐habitat models
Authors: Aue Birgit , Ekschmitt Klemens , Hotes Stefan , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: June 2011

Summary1. In species‐habitat models, curves describing the changes in correlation strength between habitat cover and species occurrence over a continuum of spatial scales tend to be hump‐shaped, and the correlation maximum is generally assumed to indicate the ecologically most meaningful scale of habitat influence on the species. This approach does not take account of the fact that distant habitat is overrated by increasing area with larger buffer sizes whilst habitat influence decays with distance. We devised four levels of distance weighting, down‐weighting more distant habitat with increasing realism.2. We analysed correlation strength across scale (200 m − 50 km) in simulations assuming a Gaussian distance kernel of habitat influence and in empirical data for Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) covering Central Europe. Regressions were run with the four levels of distance weighting.3. Both in the simulated data and the empirical data distance weighting transformed humped correlation curves into saturation curves with high correlations at large scales, thereby eliminating a well‐defined correlation maximum.4. We argue that saturation curves naturally reflect the integration of habitat influence over increasing buffer areas. We conclude that without distance weighting, the correlation strength between habitat cover and species occurrence is prone to misinterpretation. We present two approaches to implementing distance weighting in species‐habitat regressions.
A hands-on guide on obtaining research ethics approval
Authors: Hunter David 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
It is an uncontested truth that many medical students and practising clinicians dread having to get their research proposal through a research ethics committee. In this paper, the author, a long-standing member of a research ethics committee, offers a practical guide on applying for research ethics approval, detailing common mistakes and flaws in applications, and giving specific guidance on getting through what can seem a daunting process.
Two-year impact of the Spanish smoking law on exposure to secondhand smoke: evidence of the failure of the ‘Spanish model’
Authors: López Maria J , Nebot Manel , Schiaffino Anna , Pérez-Ríos Mónica , Fu Marcela , Ariza Carles , Muñoz Gloria , Fernández Esteve 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveStudies evaluating the long-term impact of smoking laws on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure using airborne markers are scarce. This study aimed to assess the long-term impact of the Spanish smoking law on SHS levels, using a specific and objective marker.MethodsFollow-up study, measuring vapour-phase nicotine levels before the implementation of the law and 6, 12 and 24 months after the initial assessment. A total of 443 samples were taken at baseline in eight different regions in offices in the public administration, private sector, universities and hospitality venues.ResultsTwo years after the law was implemented, the nicotine concentration decreased by a minimum of 60% in public administration, university and private sector offices, as well as in venues where smoking was totally banned. However, nicotine levels significantly increased by 40% in hospitality venues allowing smoking. No significant differences were found in hospitality venues with areas for smokers and non-smokers or in pubs and discotheques.ConclusionsTwo years after the smoking law came into force, levels of SHS exposure in the workplace were significantly lower than before the law was implemented. Importantly, however, SHS levels were even higher than before the law was implemented in venues still allowing smoking. The data obtained in this study clearly show that the ‘Spanish model’ is not protecting the health of hospitality workers and that a complete ban is required. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of long-term monitoring of compliance with smoking laws over time.
PD-1/PD-L1 Interactions Contribute to Functional T-Cell Impairment in Patients Who Relapse with Cancer After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Norde Wieger J. , Maas Frans , Hobo Willemijn , Korman Alan , Quigley Michael , Kester Michel G.D. , Hebeda Konnie , Falkenburg J.H. Frederik , Schaap Nicolaas , de Witte Theo M. , van der Voort Robbert , Dolstra Harry 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Tumor relapses remain a serious problem after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), despite the long-term persistence of minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-specific memory CD8+ T cells specific for the tumor. We hypothesized that these memory T cells may lose their function over time in transplanted patients. Here, we offer functional and mechanistic support for this hypothesis, based on immune inhibition by programmed death-1 (PD-1) expressed on MiHA-specific CD8+ T cells and the associated role of the PD-1 ligand PD-L1 on myeloid leukemia cells, especially under inflammatory conditions. PD-L1 was highly upregulated on immature human leukemic progenitor cells, whereas costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 were not expressed. Thus, immature leukemic progenitor cells seemed to evade the immune system by inhibiting T-cell function via the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Blocking PD-1 signaling using human antibodies led to elevated proliferation and IFN-γ production of MiHA-specific T cells cocultured with PD-L1–expressing leukemia cells. Moreover, patients with relapsed leukemia after initial MiHA-specific T-cell responses displayed high PD-L1 expression on CD34+ leukemia cells and increased PD-1 levels on MiHA-specific CD8+ T cells. Importantly, blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interactions augment proliferation of MiHA-specific CD8+ memory T cells from relapsed patients. Taken together, our findings indicate that the PD-1/PD-L pathway can be hijacked as an immune escape mechanism in hematological malignancies. Furthermore, they suggest that blocking the PD-1 immune checkpoint offers an appealing immunotherapeutic strategy following alloSCT in patients with recurrent or relapsed disease. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5111–22. ©2011 AACR.
Enhanced Efficacy of IGF1R Inhibition in Pediatric Glioblastoma by Combinatorial Targeting of PDGFRα/β
Authors: Bielen Aleksandra , Perryman Lara , Box Gary M. , Valenti Melanie , de Haven Brandon Alexis , Martins Vanessa , Jury Alexa , Popov Sergey , Gowan Sharon , Jeay Sebastien , Raynaud Florence I. , Hofmann Francesco , Hargrave Darren , Eccles Suzanne A. , Jones Chris 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM), although rare, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in children, with tumors essentially refractory to existing treatments. We have identified IGF1R to be a potential therapeutic target in pGBM due to gene amplification and high levels of IGF2 expression in some tumor samples, as well as constitutive receptor activation in pGBM cell lines. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of strategies targeting the receptor, we have carried out in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies using the specific IGF1R inhibitor NVP-AEW541. A modest inhibitory effect was seen in vitro, with GI50 values of 5 to 6 μmol/L, and concurrent inhibition of receptor phosphorylation. Specific targeting of IGF1R with short interfering RNA decreased cell viability, diminished downstream signaling through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and induced G1 arrest, effects mimicked by NVP-AEW541, both in the absence and presence of IGF2. Hallmarks of PI3K inhibition were observed after treatment with NVP-AEW541 by expression profiling and Western blot analysis. Phospho–receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) arrays showed phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) α/β in pGBM cells, suggesting coactivation of an alternative RTK pathway. Treatment of KNS42 with the PDGFR inhibitor imatinib showed additional effects targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and cotreatment of the PDGFR inhibitor imatinib with NVP-AEW541 resulted in a highly synergistic interaction in vitro and increased efficacy after 14 days therapy in vivo compared with either agent alone. These data provide evidence that inhibition of IGF1R, in combination with other targeted agents, may be a useful and novel therapeutic strategy in pGBM. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(8); 1407–18. ©2011 AACR.
Moderate Caveolin-1 Downregulation Prevents NADPH Oxidase–Dependent Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling by Angiotensin II in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Lobysheva Irina , Rath Géraldine , Sekkali Belaïd , Bouzin Caroline , Feron Olivier , Gallez Bernard , Dessy Chantal , Balligand Jean-Luc 
Published: June 2011

Objective—
We analyzed the role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the cross-talk between NADPH oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling in endothelial caveolae.

Methods and Results—

In intact endothelial cells, angiotensin II (AII) concurrently increased NO and O
2
−·
production (to 158±12% and 209±5% of control). NO production was sensitive to inhibition of NADPH oxidase and small interfering RNA downregulation of nonreceptor tyrosine kinase cAbl. Reciprocally, N-nitro-
l
-arginine methyl ester, a NOS inhibitor, partly inhibited O
2
−·
stimulated by AII (by 47±11%), indicating eNOS uncoupling, as confirmed by increased eNOS monomer/dimer ratio (by 35%). In endothelial cell fractions separated by isopycnic ultracentrifugation, AII promoted colocalization of cAbl and the NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox with eNOS to Cav-1-enriched fractions, as confirmed by proximity ligation assay. Downregulation of Cav-1 by small interfering RNA (to 50%), although it preserved eNOS confinement, inhibited AII-stimulated p47phox translocation and NADPH oxidase activity in Cav-1-enriched fractions and reversed eNOS uncoupling. AII infusion produced hypertension and decreased blood hemoglobin-NO in Cav-1
+/+
mice but not in heterozygote Cav-1
+/−
mice with similar Cav-1 reduction.

Conclusion—
Cav-1 critically regulates reactive oxygen species–dependent eNOS activation but also eNOS uncoupling in response to AII, underlining the possibility to treat endothelial dysfunction by modulating Cav-1 abundance.
Prehospital Notification by Emergency Medical Services Reduces Delays in Stroke Evaluation
Authors: Patel Mehul D. , Rose Kathryn M. , O'Brien Emily C. , Rosamond Wayne D. 
Published: June 2011

Background and Purpose—
Individuals with stroke-like symptoms are recommended to receive rapid diagnostic evaluation. Emergency medical services (EMS) transport, compared with private modes, and hospital notification before arrival may reduce delays in evaluation. This study estimated associations between hospital arrival modes (EMS or private and with or without EMS prenotification) and times for completion and interpretation of initial brain imaging in patients with presumed stroke.

Methods—
Among patients with suspected stroke identified and enrolled by the North Carolina Stroke Care Collaborative registry in 2008 to 2009, we analyzed data on arrival modes, meeting recommended targets for brain imaging completion and interpretation times (<25 minutes and <45 minutes since hospital arrival, respectively) and patient- and hospital-level characteristics. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate adjusted risk ratios and 95% CIs.

Results—
Of 13 894 eligible patients, 21% had their brain imaging completed and 23% had their brain imaging interpreted by a physician within target times. Arrival by EMS (versus private transport) was associated with both brain imaging completed within 25 minutes of arrival (EMS with prenotification: risk ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.1 to 4.1; EMS without prenotification: risk ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.3) and brain imaging interpreted within 45 minutes (EMS with prenotification: risk ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.3 to 3.3; EMS without prenotification: risk ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.1).

Conclusions—
Patients with presumed stroke arriving to the hospital by EMS were more likely to receive brain imaging and have it interpreted by a physician in a timely manner than those arriving by private transport. Moreover, EMS arrivals with hospital prenotification experienced the most rapid evaluation.
Right–Left Propensity and Lesion Patterns Between Cardiogenic and Aortogenic Cerebral Embolisms
Authors: Kim Hye-Jin , Song Jong-Min , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Bum-Joon , Kang Duk-Hyun , Song Jae-Kwan , Kim Jong S. , Kang Dong-Wha 
Published: June 2011

Background and Purpose—
Based on thrombus location and nature and anatomic features of aorta and cerebral arteries, we hypothesized that cardiogenic embolisms (CE) and aortogenic embolisms (AE) might have different right–left propensity and lesion patterns.

Methods—
We retrospectively reviewed patients with acute ischemic stroke with high-risk CE sources or moderate-or-severe aortic atherosclerotic plaques on transesophageal echocardiography. Lesion side and patterns on diffusion-weighted imaging were compared between CE and AE.

Results—
CE was identified in 123 and AE in 63. In multivariate analysis, right-sided lesions and corticosubcortical infarcts were independently associated with CE, and left-sided lesions and pial infarcts were independently associated with AE.

Conclusions—
CE and AE have different radiological characteristics, as shown by the right–left propensity and lesions patterns of cerebral infarcts.
Sea Level Expression of Intrinsic and Forced Ocean Variabilities at Interannual Time Scales
Authors: Penduff Thierry , Juza Mélanie , Barnier Bernard , Zika Jan , Dewar William K. , Treguier Anne-Marie , Molines Jean-Marc , Audiffren Nicole 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This paper evaluates in a realistic context the local contributions of direct atmospheric forcing and intrinsic oceanic processes on interannual sea level anomalies (SLAs). A ¼° global ocean–sea ice general circulation model, driven over 47 yr by the full range of atmospheric time scales, is quantitatively assessed against altimetry and shown to reproduce most observed features of the interannual SLA variability from 1993 to 2004. Comparing this simulation with a second driven only by the climatological annual cycle reveals that the intrinsic part of the total interannual SLA variance exceeds 40% over half of the open-ocean area and exceeds 80% over one-fifth of it. This intrinsic contribution is particularly strong in eddy-active regions (more than 70%–80% in the Southern Ocean and western boundary current extensions) as predicted by idealized studies, as well as within the 20°–35° latitude bands. The atmosphere directly forces most of the interannual SLA variance at low latitudes and in most midlatitude eastern basins, in particular north of about 40°N in the Pacific. The interannual SLA variance is almost entirely due to intrinsic processes south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Indian Ocean sector, while half of this variance is forced by the atmosphere north of it. The same simulations were performed and analyzed at 2° resolution as well: switching to this laminar regime yields a comparable forced variability (large-scale distribution and magnitude) but almost suppresses the intrinsic variability. This likely explains why laminar ocean models largely underestimate the interannual SLA variance.
Mooring Design Using Wave-State Estimate from the Southern Ocean
Authors: Schulz E. W. , Grosenbaugh M. A. , Pender L. , Greenslade D. J. M. , Trull T. W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Southern Ocean Flux Station was deployed near 47°S, 140°E. The extreme wind and wave conditions at this location require appropriate mooring design, which includes dynamic fatigue analysis and static analysis. An accurate estimate of the wave conditions was essential. A motion reference unit was deployed in a nearby test mooring for 6 months. The motion data provided estimates of significant wave height that agreed well with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology wave model, increasing confidence in the model performance in the Southern Ocean. The results of the dynamic fatigue analysis using three input wave datasets and implications for the mooring design are described. The design analysis predicts the fatigue life for critical mooring components and guided the final selection of links and chain shackles. The three input wave climatologies do not differ greatly, and this is reflected in minimal changes to mooring components for each of the fatigue analyses.