bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diphenyl derivatives I. Basic 2‐diphenyl compounds related to the morphine molecule
Authors: Goldschmidt S. T. , Veer W. L. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe morphine molecule may be considered as derived from 2‐phenylbenzylamine or α‐(2‐diphenyl)‐β‐aminoethane, partially or totally hydrogenated. The synthesis of such compounds and their conversion into N‐substituted alkyl‐ or dialkyl‐aminoalkyl derivatives is described. Hydrogenation of 2‐phenylbenzyl cyanide afforded α‐(2‐diphenyl)‐β‐aminoethane. The synthesis of 2‐aryl‐hexahydrobenzylamines, 2‐cyclohexyl‐benzylamine and 2‐cyclohexylhexahydrobenzylamine is also described. A number of N‐substituted derivatives of these compounds has been prepared.A summary of the pharmacological properties of the substances described is given.
The Disintegration of Fire Bricks by Carbon Monoxide: Part I. The determination of the disintegrability of fire bricks general considerations
Authors: Bohlken S. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new method for the determination of the disintegrability of fire bricks by carbon monoxide is described. The method is characterised by careful crushing of the brick and by leading a synthetic gas mixture of about 3% hydrogen, 34.5% carbon monoxide and 62.5% nitrogen and argon over 100 g of this grog at 600° or 800° C at a rate of 5‐liter/h, and titrating the developed carbon dioxide after absorption in baryta water.Several precautions, the preparation of the gas mixture, the results in field tests, and a tentative specification for the resistance to disintegration are given.
Kinetics of gas‐liquid reactions. Part II: Application of general theory to experimental data
Authors: van Krevelen D. W. , van Hooren C. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe results of the theoretical considerations described in Part I are applied to experiments on chemical absorption of carbon dioxide in alkali hydroxide solutions and in ammoniacal solutions.The calculated values for the rate of absorption prove to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
Calculations of force constants for the molecules P4O6, P4O10 and P4O6S4 with the help of raman effect data
Authors: van Brederode H. , Gerding H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNumerical equations are derived for the frequencies of the total symmetrical vibrations of the molecules of P4O6, P4O6S4 and P4O6O4, all of which have the symmetry Td, thereby making use of the bond distances and bond angles determined by Hampson and Stosick and by Stosick in their electron diffraction measurements. Force constants have been calculated for P4O4, using the results of Raman spectroscopic investigations, which we made previously, and the simplified assumption that the two deformational force constants d1 and d2 have the same value. f1 is then found to be 4.75 × 105 and d1 = d2 to be 0.35 × 105 dyne/cm. This value for f substituted in Badger's formula, leads to a value for the P—O bond distance, which is in good agreement with that determined directly by the electron diffraction method.For P4O6S4 and P4O6O4 that value for f2 (the force constant for the P = S or P = O bond) is determined, which leads to the best agreement between calculated frequencies of the symmetrical vibrations and those experimentally found in the Raman effect assuming that d1 = d2 and that f1/d1 = f2/d3 = 13.6 as in P4O6. For P4O6S4, f2 = 5.5 × 105 dyne/cm is found. This value introduced into Badger's formula gives rp=s = 1.85 Å, in excellent agreement with the experimental value.For P4O6O4, f2 = 11.0 × 105. Å certain discrepancy does exist here between rP=O calculated (1.46 Å) and the bond length found (1.39 Å).Finally, the modes of motion of the atoms in the symmetrical vibrations of P4O6O4 were calculated and graphically represented. There is good agreement between the vibrational motions found and those assumed previously.
Some experiments with the Baird associates infra‐red gas analyser
Authors: Deinum H. W. , Rietveld B. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe determination of carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, water vapour, benzene vapour and toluene vapour by means of the Baird Infra‐Red Gas Analyser was investigated. The selectivity of the determination of methane in presence of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and of carbon dioxide in presence of methane and carbon monoxide was checked. An extensive investigation of the stability of the recordings brought to light that fluctuations in the frequency of the electricity supply render the recordings useless. This drawback was surmounted by feeding the infra‐red source independent of the electricity supply.
Determination of the degree of saturation with oxygen of blood by means of the leifo photometer
Authors: Pieters H. A. J. , Hanssen W. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSpectrophotometric determinations of the percentage of oxyhaemoglobin in blood are described in the literature.In applying this method we encountered some difficulties especially in relation to sampling. In this communication we intend to give a summary of our experience with this method.
The following factors were examined:

the most favourable wave lengths for measuring the maximal cq minimal absorption of oxyhaemoglobin and haemoglobin,
the influence of saponin (used for haemolysation) on the extinctions,
reproducibility of the quotients of the extinctions (E1 and E2) measured at two different wave lengths (λ1 and λ2) of haemoglobin and of oxyhaemoglobin, in blood taken from different persons,
sampling and treatment of the sample so that contact with air is avoided.

From the results we calculated the oxyhaemoglobin content of blood partly saturated with oxygen (0‐100% of oxyhaemoglobin) as a function of the quotient of the extinctions measured at two wave lengths.
The influence of CO‐haemoglobin was investigated.
A procedure is described.
Les Propriétés du Groupe Sulfonyle: II. L'isomérisation de l'allylbenzylsulfone en propénylbenzylsulfone
Authors: Backer H. J. , de Jong G. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractL'isomérisation des sulfones cycliques des butadiènes consiste en un déplacement de la double liaison de la position β à la position α par rapport au groupe sulfonyle. Le fait qu'on n'a pas pu réaliser cette réaction chez une sulfone non saturée acyclique (allylbenzylsulfone) doit être attribué à des conditions qui provoquent une addition du solvant. A l'aide d'amines tertiaires, les auteurs ont réussi cette isomérisation.L'addition d'alcool, de phénol, en présence de leur dérivé sodique, et d'amines donne, dans chaque cas, un seul produit substitue en position β. Ces additions s'accomplissent probablement par l'intermédiaire de la sulfone isomère (propénylbenzylsulfone), qui prend naissance en milieu nucléophile.L'addition de l'acide iodhydrique à l'allylbenzylsulfone donne deux isomères, les iodures β et γ. Lorsqu'on chauffe le mélange avec de l'ammoniac alcoolique, le β‐iodure perd de l'acide iodhydrique en engendrant la propénylbenzylsulfone; le γ‐iodure n'est pas décomposé.
Amides II. Acylation of amides to diacylimines
Authors: Polya J. B. , Spotswood T. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree acylating mechanisms are involved in the reaction between amides and anhydrides. In the aliphatic series all mechanisms are governed by the inductive effects operating in the reactants.Amides act as acids towards anhydrides.Diacylimines and the corresponding anhydrides acylate alcohols by the same mechanism.A new compound, propionylchloroacetamide, has been prepared. Properties of some diacylimines have been established. Uses for diacylimines are suggested.
The system methylmethacrylate ‐ methanol ‐ water
Authors: Kooi J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe curves of partial miscibility of the system methylmethacrylate‐methanol‐water have been determined at 0°, 25° and 50° C, as well as the variation of the density at 25° along the curve of partial miscibility. A graph has been constructed on this basis, which gives the composition of the two coexisting phases of the system from the density of one of the phases. The critical solubility point at 25° C is situated at 32.45% methanol. 38.50% methylmethacrylate and 29.05% water.
Alkalimetric titration of phosphoric acid and phosphates
Authors: Dijksman J. C. W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMany contradictory data are known concerning the alkalimetric titration of phosphoric acid. The uncertainties, which have received a solution in this investigation, concern:
the correct titration exponent in titration to mono or diphosphate;
the correct composition of crystalline disodium phosphate which turned out to be exactly Na2HPO4. 12H2O;
the inflexion points in the titration curve were found to coincide with the equivalence points.
Further a search was made for a suitable and accurate method of carrying out an alkalimetric phosphate determination in phosphates containing calcium, aluminium and iron, because the known methods are all unreliable. A removal of the disturbing metallic ions with the aid of a cation exchanger was found to be the solution. An attempt was made, but without ultimate success, to exclude disturbing fluoride and silicofluoride.The demands, which must be made in alkalimetric titrations on the purity of distilled water, have been sorted out and summarised.
Study of the molecular structure of cyclohexadiene −1,4 by the raman effect
Authors: Gerding H. , Haak F. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Raman spectrum of liquid cyclohexadiene‐1,4, including polarization measurements and the infrared absorption bands in the spectral region 5.5–15 μ are communicated.For this molecule a plane model with symmetry D2h and a “folded” one with symmetry C2v represent the more probable structures. A critical discussion of the Raman and infrared results makes it probable that the molecule possesses a configuration deviating only slightly from the rigorous D2h structure.An assignment of the stronger Raman lines to vibrations of such a molecule is given.Formulae were deduced for calculating the frequencies of the ring vibrations for a plane molecule as well as for the “folded” one, thereby making use of the known force constants for the C—C and CC bonds and of the C—C and CC distances found in the literature in comparable cases.The results are: 463, 855 and 1720 cm−1 for D2h and 198, 470, 869 and 1695 cm−1 for C2v' compared with the frequencies 405, 858 and 1683 cm−1 of the strong and polarized lines in the region 0–1700 cm−1.
Structure and isomers of cyclohexane derivatives
Authors: Blekkingh J. J. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe structure of cyclohexane derivatives has been investigated by means of atom models. The non‐carbon‐carbon valency directions are indicated by the figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 1′, 2′, 3′, 4′, 5′, 6′. The various isomers to be derived are characterized by the valency directions of the substituted hydrogen atoms. In general, every isomer can appear in 8 transition forms, viz. 2 immovable forms and 6 easily interchangeable forms.
The photodecomposition products of some diazonium salts
Authors: de Jonge J. , Dijkstra R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBy irradiation solutions of some benzene diazonium salts (including one p‐hydroxybenzenediazonium salt) in water the corresponding phenols could be isolated in a high yield.The photodecomposition of two p‐diazo‐oxides seems to have a more complicated character.
Cétones dérivées de l'acénaphtène, du fluorène, et du dibenzothiophène
Authors: Buu‐Hoï Ng. Ph. , Cagniant Paul , Royer René 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDans ce travail, les auteurs décrivent les réactions de Friedel‐Crafts entre plusieurs chlorures d'acides aliphatiques d'une part, et d'autre part, les 3 hydrocarbures polycycliques suivants: acénaphténe, fluorène, et dibenzothiophène. De nombreuses cétones nouvelles ont ainsi été obtenues avec d'excellents rendements; celles dérivant du fluorène ont été oxydées en 2‐acylfluorénones. Les propriétés des corps nouveaux obtenus sont comparées avec celles déjà observées dans d'autres séries analogues (2‐alkylnaphtyl‐cétones, 3‐alkylthionaphténylcétones).
Synthesis of benzothiophenes
Authors: Werner E. G. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFour methylbenzothiophenes and two methylnaphthothiophenes were synthesized by cyclization of arylketosulphides (obtained by reaction of α‐halogen ketones on thiophenols) in the presence of zinc chloride or phosphorus pentoxide.U.V. absorption spectra of the benzo and naphthothiophenes and their dioxides were measured to be used for the identification of benzothiophenes in mixtures with other compounds.
The vapour pressure of aqueous solutions saturated with lead nitrate and sodium nitrate: 20th Communication on saturated salt solutions
Authors: Dingemans P. , Dijkgraaf L. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe vapour pressure of the four phase equilibrium water vapour‐saturated solution‐solid Pb(NO3)2‐solid NaNO3 has been measured over the range of temperature 10°‐150° C.It was found with this system, as also with systems of solutions, saturated with respect to one or more salts, previously determined that the relative vapour pressure as a function of the temperature is represented by a very weakly curved line.
The system NH4NO3NaNO3Pb(NO3)2H2O
Authors: Dingemans P. , Dijkgraaf L. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAs an extension of the investigations previously published on the vapour pressures of aqueous solutions saturated with one or two of the salts NH4NO3, NaNO3 and Pb(NO3)2, the vapour pressure of the five phase equilibrium solid NH4NO3solid NaNO3solid Pb(NO3)2saturated solution‐water vapour has now been determined from 10° C to the end‐point of this line. This end‐point is the eutectic in the ternary system NH4NO3NaNO3Pb(NO3)2. We have determined this ternary eutectic. It was found to be situated at a temperature of 112.3 ± 0.1° C and a composition 62.7 per cent by weight of NH4NO3, 15.6 per cent NaNO3 and 21.7 per cent Pb(NO3)2.The transition point γ → δ‐NH4NO3 causes a slight change in the slope in the vapour pressure curve at 84.2° C. The maximum occurring in the vapour pressure curve is situated at 85.9° C, thus at a temperature at which δ‐NH4NO3 is stable.The relative vapour pressure, plotted as a function of the temperature, is seen for the system now investigated to be again represented by two almost straight lines, one valid for the temperatures below 84.2° C where γ‐NH4NO3 is stable and the other for the range 84.2°‐112.3° C where δ‐NH4NO3 is stable.The formula previously published for the calculation of maxima in vapour pressure lines of saturated salt solutions, appears in this case also to give a value which agrees well with the experimentally determined one.
Sur Quelques Composés Hétérocycliques Renfermant du Fluor
Authors: Buu‐Hoï Ng. Ph. , Hoán Ng. , Jacquignon Pierre 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDans ce travail, on décrit la synthèse et les propriétés d'une série de composés dérivés de fluorobenzène. Ce sont principalement des substances hétérocycliques azotées préparées à partir de 4‐acylfluorobenzènes (acides cinchoniniques, quinoléines, indoles, pyrrocolines, pyrimidazoles) et destinées à des études biologiques diverses, notamment à la recherche de propriétes cancérigènes ou d'une action nocive éventuelles sur le tissu hépatique.
La Diffusion Moléculaire de la Lumière par les Solutions de Glycogène et de Dextrine
Authors: Putzeys P. , Verhoeven L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe apparent molecular weights of muscle and liver glycogen of the rabbit, prepared according to Meyer and Jeanloz, as measured by light‐scattering, are independent of the glycogen concentration and the ionic strength. These glycogens behave as if they were ideal non‐electrolytes. The behaviour of a commercial sample of glycogen is quite different: The apparent molecular weight depends strongly on the glycogen concentration. Electrolytes up to an ionic strength of 0.01 increase the light‐scattering. The extrapolated molecular weight is decidedly smaller than for our own preparations. This suggests that the glycogens described in the literature, which behave in a similar manner, are degraded or impure samples. Dextrines prepared by the action of β‐amylase on amylopectines show the same concentration and electrolyte dependency.
The effect of gases on the sintering of lime
Authors: Clark L. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe rate of sintering of lime at 1000‐1250° C has been determined by following the decrease in surface area, the latter being measured by the amount of a dyestuff absorbed by the lime from an alcohol‐chloroform mixture. It is found that profound differences in sintering rates are produced by varying the type of atmosphere with which the lime is in contact. The following gases have been examined and are arranged in order of decreasing effectiveness: sulphur dioxide; water vapour (565 mm pressure); CO2: air, oxygen and nitrogen argon. The rates of sintering in argon and in vacuo are not significantly different.
Étude du mécanisme de la polymérisation ionique a l'aide des indicateurs radioactifs
Authors: Landler Yvan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLe mécanisme d'amorçage et de terminaison de la polymérisation ionique a été étudié dans les systèmes cationique et anionique, à l'aide des catalyseurs contenant du brome radioactif. Le rapport du nombre de molécules du polymère au nombre de molécule catalyseur fixées a été déterminé.
The structure of the jute fibre Part II. The role of the lignin‐hemicellulose complex and other noncellulosic constituents
Authors: Sen M. K. , Hermans P. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe work reported in this part of the series bears the character of a preliminary investigationPart I, M. K. Sen and H. J. Woods, Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 3, 510 (1949); see also Nature 161, 768 (1948).
. It is the result of a cooperative research carried out during a three months stay of the first author in the laboratory of the second. It was planned with the aim of applying some new techniques in collecting additional experimental data in connexion with the problem of jute structure. Mainly the experimental results will be stressed, leaving their utilization for future research. Only some tentative interpretations will be touched upon here and there.The investigation consists of swelling measurements, staining of cross‐sections and the study of X‐ray diagrams taken with monochromatic radiation.
Mimosine (leucaenine) 5th communication )
Authors: Kleipool R. J. C. , Wibaut J. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe identity of mimosine from Mimosa pudica and of l‐leucaenine from Leucaena glauca Bentham is proved by means of a mixed melting point and Debije‐Scherrer diagram.The action of diazomethane on the dihydrochloride of mimosine methyl ester leads to a total degradation of the molecule, by which the pyridine ring is broken. Amongst other things there is produced a compound C4H8O3N2 and 3: 4‐dimethoxy‐pyridine. The same compounds are produced by the action of diazomethane on 3‐methoxy‐4‐pyridone.Some of the properties of mimosine are in agreement with the assumption of a polar structure, which is comparable with a β‐betaine.
Sedimentation von Makromolekülen und Durchströmung von Gelen
Authors: Signer R. , Egli H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAus den Sedimentationskonstanten konzentrierter Lösungen von Kettenmolekülen und aus den Darcy‐Konstanten von Gelen, die aus Kettenmolekülen gebaut sind, kann auf den Durchmesser der zylindrischen Teilchen geschlossen werden. Die Durchmesserberechnung beruht auf der experimentellen Bestimmung der Durchlässigkeit von geometrisch ähnlichen, makroskopischen Systemen. Cellulose‐ und Gelatinegele zeigen sehr hohe Dispersität.Kieselsäuregele sind aus wesentlich gröberen Teilchen als magnified image Ketten aufgebaut.Die Sedimentationsgeschwindigkeit von Cellulosederivaten, Nucleinsäure und Polystyrol ergeben d‐Werte, die auf isolierte Kettenmoleküle schliessen lassen.Die Durchströmbarkeit isolierter geknäuelter Kettenmoleküle kann mit der Geldurchströmung und mit der Sedimentation in hohen Konzentrationen in Beziehung gesetzt werden.
The entropy of high polymer solutions. Generalization of formulae
Authors: Staverman A. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe theory of Huggins is extended so as to include application to molecules containing rings and crosslinks. At the same time the definition of Guggenheim's parameter q is slightly revised in such a way that also back bending of flexible and particularly of branched molecules is accounted for as ring formation.It is shown that Huggins' and Guggenheim's equations are not applicable to molecules containing rings, as they lead to inconsistencies when q differs from its maximum value for a ring‐free molecule. The inconsistency is removed by an improved calculation of the number of configurations of the molecules on the lattice. The number of factors accounting for the fact that a newly placed submolecule is known to be a neighbour of an already placed submolecule is increased. Instead of taking this number equal to the number of submolecules to be placed, viz. r‐1, it must be taken equal to the number of neighbours already placed, viz. 1/2 z(r ‐ q).In this way an equation is obtained which is applicable to molecules of any degree of ring formation or back bending, and which can be easily generalized to mixtures of any kind of molecules.The formula for the entropy of the solvent derived from this theory contains two parameters even in the athermal case. From a qualitative consideration of these parameters it is seen that flexibility and particularly branching will reduce the deviations from Raoult's law markedly, and thus the ununderstandable insensitivity of the older formulae with respect to these structural factors is removed.
Crystal violet, an electronic model substance for rubber and related olefins
Authors: van Veersen G. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is shown that triphenylmethyl dyes like crystal violet can be used as model substances for rubber and related olefins. Arguments are given in support of the assumption that agents which react with rubber and related olefins in a polar manner, cause a reversible shift in colour from blue to yellow with crystal violet, whereas a fading of the blue colour of crystal violet (if alkaline or reducing agents are excluded) points to a radical reaction. Since the electronic structures of donor olefins and crystal violet are considered and not the molecular structure as usually is done in the choise of a model substance, these dyes have been named “electronic” model substances. Though crystal violet, as an “electronic” model substance cannot be used for the study of the overall reactions, information can often be obtained concerning the first step in a reaction of rubber with a certain chemical agent by means of a simple test‐tube reaction with crystal violet. It is pointed out that the π‐electron availability at the non‐methylated carbon atom of the double bond in rubber and at the nitrogen atoms in crystal violet is probably of the same order. As an application of crystal violet as an “electronic” model substance for rubber, a polar reaction between sulphur and rubber is suggested as the first step in vulcanization.
Lignin in grass (with special reference to the nitrogen present in the lignin preparations)
Authors: de Man Th. J. , de Heus J. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo recently published procedures for the determination of lignin in plant material are compared, using samples of Lolium perenne, and figures for the lignin content in relation to the age of this grass are given.After determining the tyrosine‐ and tryptophane‐ contents of a number of lignin preparations, arguments are put forward to prove that the N‐containing material in these preparations is protein of the same amino acid composition as the true protein of Lolium perenne.