bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choroidal neovascularization in unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy associated with coxsackievirus B2
Authors: Roizenblatt Arnaldo , Meirelles Rodrigo , Gehlbach Peter Louis , Belfort Rubens , Roizenblatt Marina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to present a case of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM) associated with coxsackievirus B2. We present a case of UAIM with coxsackie B2 positive serology, presenting CNV as a complication. Follow-up multimodal retinal imaging was performed to characterize the macular abnormalities further. A 27-year-old woman complained of a sudden central visual field scotoma in her left eye (LE) 2 days before her presentation. The patient reported flu-like symptoms 2 weeks before her initial ophthalmic symptoms. Ophthalmologic examination and multimodal imaging were performed at the initial presentation and 2 months follow-up when CNV was detected. The patient underwent an intravitreous ranibizumab injection in the LE. After the injection, the optical coherence tomography was repeated and there was a partial decrement of the subretinal hyperreflective area, and visual acuity improved to 20/30. To the best of our knowledge, no previous reports were found linking coxsackie B2 infection with UAIM and CNV. The present case report demonstrates the importance of serial multimodal imaging to guarantee accurate diagnosis and effective therapy for patients with UAIM secondary to coxsackievirus infection, regardless of the virus variant involved.
Climate change and eye health
Authors: Waisberg Ethan , Ong Joshua , Masalkhi Mouayad , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The negative impact of climate change on human health is well documented but under-recognized (e.g., air pollution, malnutrition, water-source contamination, and altered vector and waterborne transmission of infectious disease). The impact of climate change on eye health remains significantly underappreciated, whereas climate change impacts every country, lower and lesser-income countries will be disproportionately affected further exacerbating global health inequalities. In this manuscript, we examine the potential effects of climate changes on ocular health on our planet.
Psychoactive substance use and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic
Authors: Sulyman Dauda , Ayanda Kazeem Ayinde , Aminu Muhammad Bappah , Dattijo Lamaran Makama 
Published: May 2024

Background:
There is obvious change in the pattern of psychoactive substance use in this part of the world. The habit which was previously prerogative of adult males has now been extended to women. Women of reproductive age group, including pregnant ones now engage in the use of psychoactive substances, thereby exposing them and their unborn babies to various risks and dangers.

Objectives:
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of use of psychoactive substances among pregnant women attending clinic in a teaching hospital, in a North-eastern State of Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test questionnaires were administered to 320 pregnant women that came for antenatal care (ANC) by research assistants.

Results:
The prevalence of substance use among the respondents was 13.3%. Tobacco products in form of snuff and cigarette (34.7%), sedatives and over the counter sleeping pills (32.8%) were commonly abused substances. Opiates in form of tramadol and codeine-containing cough syrups were also common (14.0%). Proportions of respondents that consume alcoholic products were 12.4%, whereas the remaining percentages were for other substances such as cannabis and solvent. Fathers' uses as well as partners' uses of psychoactive substances were variables that were significantly associated with the substance use by pregnant women in this study.

Conclusion:
The proportion of pregnant women that uses psychoactive substances was high in this study, especially when the fathers or partners also abuse substances. Efforts should therefore be made to screen women coming for ANC to diagnose those with substance use habit and manage them appropriately.
A cadaveric study of thoracic paravertebral spaces from the point of view of paravertebral block
Authors: Dayer Moiz Junaid , Bharambe Vaishaly Kishore 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Paravertebral block (PVB) is a regional anesthetic technique, in which a local anesthetic is injected into the thoracic PVS, resulting in ipsilateral somatic and sympathetic nerve blockade.

Objectives:
The present study aimed at observing the extent of thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS) at the levels of T1–2, T6–7, and T11–12 by measuring the horizontal and vertical spread of the dye in the Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
Methylene blue dye was injected into the TPVS at the levels of T1–2, T6–7, and T11–12 and its spread observed.

Results:
A total of 25 cadavers were studied. The extent of horizontal the spread was average of 83.0 mm at the level of T1–2, 103.0 mm at the level of T6–7, and 88.2 mm at the T11–12 level. The average vertical spread in the intercostal space at the level of T1–2 was found to 48.1 mm, at the level of T6–7 was found to be 44.6 mm, and at the level of T11–12 was found to be 55.04 mm. The maximum vertical spread of dye was over three intercostal spaces. Sixty-four percent of the cadavers studied showed a spread of dye from TPVS to lumbar paravertebral space. In 20% of the cadavers, a contralateral spread of injected dye was observed. The average depth of the needle to reach the TPVS was observed to be 36.8, 35.7, and 36.1 mm for T1–2, T6–7, and T11–12, respectively.

Conclusions:
A paravertebral block (PVB) has immense potential in regional anesthetic techniques involving thoracic and lumbar dermatomes. The present study will be helpful for surgeons and anesthesiologists to reduce uncertainties of the spread of anesthetic agents in thoracic PVB and its complications.
Correlation of phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome with anti-Müllerian hormone levels
Authors: Santhiya R. , Habeebullah Syed , Ghose Seetesh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a frequently encountered endocrine disorders in women of the reproductive age. Various studies conclude there is no uniform correlation between the phenotypes of the PCOS and serum anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels.

Aim and Objective:
The objective of the study to estimate the association between different phenotypes of PCOS and the serum AMH level.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional analytical study which included sixty subjects with PCOS according to Rotterdam's criteria. After procuring the detailed history, clinically examination and ultrasound scan subjects were classified into one of the phenotypes of PCOS. Auto-analyzer was used to measure serum AMH levels and was correlated with the various phenotypes of PCOS.

Results:
The study group categorized 28 patients under phenotype D, which was a predominant form. Serum AMH mean was 6.1 (±3.2) ng/ml. The mean serum AMH levels for phenotype A was 7.5 ± 3.0 ng/ml which was higher than the other phenotypes. Phenotype A had high mean body mass index which was significant (29.1 ±6.6) kg/m2 (P = 0.046). Phenotype B had significantly higher Hirsutism score 19.8 (±1.7). Phenotype A had significantly higher mean follicular count (19.7 ± 5.1). The difference of mean or median among the phenotypes was compared using Kruskal–Wallis test or ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Conclusion:
A positive correlation was seen between the serum AMH levels and the phenotypes of the PCOS. Thus, AMH levels can be used as an adjunct tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of PCOS.
Have our strictures changed
Authors: Oyelowo Nasir , Ahmed Muhammed , Bello Ahmad , Lawal Ahmad Tijani , Lawal Bola Biliaminu , Olagunju J , Sudi Abdullahi , Awaisu Mudi , Tolani Musliu Adetola , Maitama Hussaini Yusuf 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Urethral stricture is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in middle-aged and elderly men. Its presentation and management are closely linked with its etiology and this varies across geographical regions of the world as well as overtime. We hereby review the etiology, characteristics, and presentation of men with urethral strictures in a tertiary hospital in northern Nigeria over a year and compare it with previous studies in the region.

Patients and Methods:
The study was a prospective study from January-December 2016, all patients with urethral strictures and who consented to the study were enrolled in the study. Data was collected using a structured study proforma and analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Results:
The mean age was 44.1 years with a range of 13-71 years. The age interval 30 – 39 years accounted for most of the patients 24 (28.6%). 43% of the patients had short segment urethral strictures (<2cm) while 57% had long segment strictures (>2cm). The bulbar urethra was the site of most strictures with a frequency of 65%. Strictures were found in the penile and peno-bulbar urethra in 25% and 21% respectively. Only 10% of patients studied had multiple strictures. The etiology was an infection in the majority of the patients with a frequency of 53.3%. Post-traumatic strictures occurred in 33.3% while iatrogenic and catheter –Induced strictures were seen in 7.1% and 6% respectively. 8.3% had recurrent strictures, 1.2 % had previous dilations and 2.4 % had previous DVIU. 88% had no previous intervention for the stricture before the presentation. The complications from urethral strictures observed in the patients were acute urinary retention in 83.4% urethrocutaneous fistulae in 2.4% and urosepsis in 1.2% of the patients. 11% presented with no complication. 68% of these patients were managed by excision and end to end anastomosis, 15 % had a penile pedicled flap 12%, a buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty and 5% with staged urethroplasty.

Conclusion:
Though there is a gradual rise in post-traumatic and iatrogenic strictures in our environment, Post-inflammatory strictures still predominate. It is however infrequently accompanied by fistulae as seen decades ago. These strictures are mostly long segments single bulbar strictures.
Effect of intermittent fasting on cardiovascular parameters of young adult offspring of hypertensive parents
Authors: Adeniyi Olasupo Stephen , Adams Owaita , Ogiator Monday , Musa Danladi Ibrahim 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Offspring of hypertensive parents have been reported to have alteration on their sympathovagal balance and have exaggerated response to stressful conditions. Many Christians observe a period of fasting at the beginning of every year, which imposes some stress on their bodies.

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the effect of 21-day intermittent fasting on some cardiovascular parameters in offspring of hypertensive and normotensive parents.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty young adults (20–28 years) were divided into equal number of male and female offspring of hypertensive and normotensive parents based on questionnaire. Their body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded 1 week before the fasting period began and then weekly for 3 weeks, in which they fasted.

Results:
The weight, BMI, and WC reduced during fasting, but the reductions were not significant (P > 0.05). The SBP and DBP were higher in male offspring of hypertensive parents than all other groups. SBP was also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in males than females before fast and during fast. Fasting significantly reduced the SBP in the male offspring of both hypertensive and normotensive parents. The HR reduced in the females during fast but increased from a lower level in males to a value not significantly different from prefasting level.

Conclusion:
Fasting reduces the high SBP and DBP in male offspring of hypertensive parents, which is beneficial to their cardiovascular system.
Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Lawsonia inermis Flower Extract in Alzheimer’s Disease-induced Zebrafish Model
Authors: Ramasamy Kavitha , Gayathri K. Priya , Cheriyan Binoy Varghese , Josephine I. Glory , Deepti V. D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lawsonia inermis flower extract in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-induced zebrafish model.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 adult fishes were segregated into five groups (n = 12) and treated with various dilutions of L. inermis extract, respectively. The study was conducted in two phases. The effective dilution range was identified in Phase I (7 days), and the respective dilution was used in Phase II (14 days) for sodium valproate-induced AD. The treatment groups were screened for anxiety, motor coordination, and memory using a novel tank diving test, swim velocity, and maze test, respectively. Treated fishes from each group were investigated for histopathology examination. The results were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance followed by a post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test using GraphPad Prism.

Results:
In Phase I, a dose-dependent reduction of degeneration was observed in the pathology of the brain with no significant changes in cognition. In Phase II, the effective dose (8 μg/day/0.5 mg fish) of L. inermis flower extract has shown a significant reduction in anxiety, degeneration, and motor dysfunction with a significant increase in memory and learning.

Conclusions:
The current investigation has shown that the L. inermis flower extract has a neuroprotective impact on AD zebrafish.
Neurobehavioral Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Roots and Rhizomes of Acorus calamus in 6-hydroxydopamine Hydrobromide-induced ADHD Neonatal Rat Model – An Observational Study
Authors: Kousalya Mariyappan , Muralidharan Palayyan , Chellammal Hanish Singh Jayasingh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
An imbalance in Nor-adrenaline and Dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain is the reason for the development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) which is a neurodevelopmental disorder. 6-Hydroxy Dopamine hydrobromide injection in the brain destroys catecholamine receptors thereby inducing, ADHD and expressing ADHD symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention, anxiety, and impaired cognitive function.

Aims and Objectives:
Our aim is to analyze the antagonistic effect of 6-Hydroxy Dopamine by the ethanolic extract of the Acorus calamus in Neonatal rats.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted in neonatal rats and analyzed the three main signs of ADHD-like behaviour in 6-OHDAHBr rats on attention, and impairment. The model identified distinct co-occurring symptoms, marble burying behaviour. The animals were sacrificed and histopathological analysis was performed.

Materials and Methods:
Rats were divided into 5 groups. Control, Induced control, Standard, test drug of low and high dose. The behavioural analysis was studied on days 7, 14, and 21 using pole climbing, water maze, marble burying.

Statistical Analysis Used:
One-way ANOVA with multiple Graphpad prism version 9.0.

Results:
The extract shows significant improvement in reducing ADHD symptoms in dose-dependent manner. The model's validity is further supported by a histological investigation that reveals dopamine depletion, changes in cortical thickness, and anomalies in the neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions:
The study concludes that neonatal dopamine deprivation causes behavioural abnormalities that are comparable to those seen in patients, making it a useful model for researching the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ADHD and discovering potential treatment targets.
PENGARUH PENKES TENTANG MANFAAT IMUNISASI DASAR PADA BAYI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU DI PUSKESMAS SATRIA KOTA TEBING TINGGI TAHUN 2022
Authors: Valentina Manurung Irma 
Published: May 2024

Imunisasi merupakan salah satu intervensi kesehatan yang paling efektif dalam upaya mencegah mordibitas dan mortalitas pada bayi. Pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap sampai saat ini masih ditemui berbagai kendala yaitu rendahnya kesadaran yang dipengaruhi oleh kurangnya tingkat pengetahuan tentang manfaat imunisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan ibu tentang manfaat imunisasi dasar pada bayi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pre-experimental design dengan pendekatan one-group pretest-posttes design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 2 minggu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang mempunyai anak usia 0-12 bulan yang datang ke posyandu di Puskesmas Satria Kecamatan Padang Ilir Kota Tebing Tinggi Tahun 2022 sebanyak 106 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik accidental sampling berjumlah 22 Pasien. Hasil Penelitian didapat bahwa pengetahuan ibu sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang manfaat imunisasi dasar pada bayi adalah sebagian besar kurang baik dan pengetahuan ibu sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang manfaat imunisasi dasar pada bayi adalah sebagian besar baik. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini, ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan ibu tentang manfaat imunisasi dasar pada bayi, dengan nilai p-0,0001<a = 0,05. Saran dalam penelitian ini agar Puskesmas Satria Kecamatan Padang Hilir Kota Tebing Tinggi terus melakukan pendidikan kesehatan yang terprogram dan dilakukan berkesinambungan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dasar lengkap.
Кәмелетке толмағандар арасында құқық бұзушылықтың алдын алудың негізгі әдістері
Authors: Закимов Ж.Б. , Тастекеев К.К. , Корганбаева Е.А. , Сергеев С.А. 
Published: May 2024

В этой статье рассматривается вопрос о молодежи не имеющая жизненного опыта и знаний, подвержена риску оказаться под влиянием внутренних и внешних деструктивных сил, рекрутирующих молодёжь для реализации своих политических целей. Проникновение в молодёжную среду экстремистских взглядов и идей, провоцирование молодёжи на противоправные действия способны нарушить межэтническое, межкультурное и межконфессиональное согласие в обществе.
This article deals with the non-life experience and knowledge of young people exposed to the risk of being under the influence of internal and external destructive forces Recruit-controlling young people to achieve their political goals. Penetration in the youth extremist views and ideas that provoke young people to unlawful action could disrupt inter-ethnic, inter-cultural and inter-religious harmony in the society. Keywords: minor, prevention, offenses, educational measures, method, illegal behavior, personality of the offender, preventive impact, educational institutions, Kazakh youth, prevention system, youth policy, child neglect, homelessness.
Бұл мақалада өмірлік тәжірибесі мен білімі жоқ жастар өзінің саяси мақсаттарын іске асыру үшін жастарды айналдыратын сыртқы және ішкі ыдыратушы күштердің ықпалында қалу қаупіне ұшырайды. Экстремистік көзқарастар мен идеялардың жастар арасына енуі, жастарды құқыққа қарсы әрекеттерге итермелеу қоғамдағы этносаралық, мәдениетаралық және конфессияаралық келісімдерді бұзу қаупін туғызады.
Тілді коммуникативті оқытудағы сөйлеу жағдайлары
Authors: Kulbayeva В.Т. , Kamesheva Y.O. 
Published: May 2024

The relevance and importance of formation of communicative skills of English as a foreign language learners are examined in this article. It is shown that the successful application of speech situations as one of the effective means of increasing the communicative orientation of the lesson forms the basis of a communicative approach in teaching a foreign language, develops spontaneous and unprepared speech for natural, meaningful and effective communication. The types of speech situations, components, conditions, stages of working with speech situations are also considered. The examples, recommendations for creating a speech situation in teaching a foreign language are given.
Бұл мақалада ағылшын тілін шет тілі ретінде оқитын студенттердің коммуникативтік дағдыларын қалыптастырудың өзектілігі мен маңыздылығы қарастырылады. Сабақтың коммуникативтік бағытын арттырудың тиімді құралдарының бірі ретінде сөйлеу жағдайларын табысты қолдану шет тілін оқытуда коммуникативтік тəсілдің негізін қалыптастырады, табиғи, мазмұндық жəне тиімді коммуникация үшін өздігінен жəне дайын емес сөйлеуді дамытады. Сондай-ақ сөйлеу жағдайларының түрлері, компоненттері, шарттары, сөйлеу жағдайларымен жұмыс істеу кезеңдері қарастырылады. Шет тілін оқытуда сөйлеу жағдайын құру бойынша мысалдар мен ұсыныстар келтіріледі.
В данной статье рассматриваются актуальность и значимость формирования коммуникативных навыков у студентов, изучающих английский язык как иностранный язык. Показано, что успешное применение речевых ситуаций как одно из эффективных средств повышения коммуникативной направленности урока формирует основу коммуникативного подхода в обучении иностранному языку, развивает спонтанную и неподготовленную речь для естественной, содержательной и эффективной коммуникации. Также рассматриваются типы речевых ситуаций, компоненты, условия, этапы работы с речевыми ситуациями, приводятся примеры и рекомендации по созданию речевой ситуации при обучении иностранному языку.
The Universal Way of Salvation in the Thought of Augustine
Authors: Harmon Thomas P. 
Published: May 2024

This work examines Augustine’s critique of his Roman predecessors to reveal key aspects of Christ’s mediation of the universal way of salvation. Porphyry of Tyre had noticed that Christianity can make a claim that pagan religion and pagan philosophy cannot: that all types of human being can be saved through the one salvific action of Christ mediated sacramentally through the one Catholic Church. Augustine’s response to Porphyry is grounded firmly on Christology, especially on what Augustine sees to be the unique act of Christ as mediator, based in turn on Christ’s unique position as true God and true man, which in turn is capable of healing the whole man and, by healing the whole man, also healing each of the parts of the soul. Christ himself, as concretely universal, is capable of saving each and any type of human being, no matter which part of the soul rules within him, Augustine counters, which is not a claim his pagan interlocutors can replicate.
In addition to careful considerations of ancient authors like Plato, Cicero, Varro, and Porphyry, this book also ranges through Plutarch, Shakespeare, and contemporary political thinkers like Pierre Manent and Leo Strauss; scholars of religion such as Michael Bland Simmons, theologians such as Erik Peterson and Ernest L. Fortin, as well as well-known Augustine scholars such as James Wetzel, G.R. Evans, John Cavadini, Robert Dodaro, Mary Keys, Michael Foley, Rowan Williams, Oliver O’Donovan, John Rist, and many others.