bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of a New Class of Chiral Pincer Ligands and Their Applications in Enantioselective Catalytic Fluorinations and the Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi Reaction
Authors: Deng Qing‐Hai , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new class of chiral tridentate N‐donor pincer ligands, bis(oxazolinylmethylidene)isoindolines (boxmi), was synthesized in three steps starting from readily available phthalimides. Their reaction with ethyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate by means of a key‐step Wittig reaction gave the ligand backbones, which were condensed with amino alcohols and then cyclized to obtain the corresponding ligands. These ligands were subsequently applied in the nickel(II)‐catalyzed enantioselective fluorination of oxindoles and β‐ketoesters to obtain the corresponding products with enantioselectivities of up to >99 % ee and high yields. Application of the chiral pincer ligands in the chromium‐catalyzed enantioselective Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction of aldehydes gave the corresponding alcohols with an optimal enantioselectivity of 93 %.
Enantioselective Synthesis of cis‐1,2‐Disubstituted Cyclopentanes and Cyclohexanes by Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling and Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Schumacher Andreas , Schrems Marcus G. , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA series of 1,2‐disubstituted cyclohexene derivatives was prepared through Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of 2‐bromo‐1‐cyclohexenecarbaldehyde or 2‐carbomethoxy‐1‐cyclohexen‐1‐yl triflate with arylboronates. These tetra‐substituted cyclic alkenes were subjected to Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. In this way cis‐1‐methoxymethyl‐2‐arylcyclohexanes were obtained in high yield with excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities (up to >99 % ee, >99 % cis) by using phosphinomethyloxazolines as ligands. Asymmetric hydrogenation of analogous cyclopentene derivatives, prepared by Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling, proved to be more difficult and proceeded with lower enantioselectivities of up to 88 % ee. The synthetic potential of this cross‐coupling/asymmetric‐hydrogenation strategy was demonstrated by an enantioselective route to chiral hexahydrofluorenones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazolines Bearing Benzene Sulfonamide as Anticancer and Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Bashir Rafia , Ovais Syed , Yaseen Shafiya , Hamid Hinna , Alam M. S. , Samim Mohammad , Singh Surender , Javed Kalim 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe title compounds (III) are tested for their anticancer and antiinflammatory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Hydantoins from Acrylates and Isocyanates.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Mikano Yusuke , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel synthetic route is developed which can be applied to a wide range of aromatic isocyanates and various acrylates.
ChemInform Abstract: The Norphthalocyanines Bearing Two TTF Units: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties.
Authors: Hou Ruibin , Jiang Cuiping , Chen Tie , Jin Long‐Yi , Yin Bingzhu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTwo new norphthalocyanine derivatives (III) and its free base, which are composed of two TTF units as electron donor and a norphthalocyanine ring as acceptor moiety, covalently linked with two ethylenedithio spacers, are synthesized by mixed condensation of phthalonitrile (II) in excess with dithiomaleonitrile (I) using Mg(II) as a template.
Counteracting malicious adversaries via secret and reliable coding mechanism in random network coding
Authors: Chen Siguang , Wu Meng , Lu Weifeng 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the problem of constructing a secret and reliable network coding communication scheme against an adversary that can reselect the μ tapping links in different time slices and inject z erroneous packets into the network, while the network suffers from ρ packet erasures. We first derive a necessary condition for keeping the transmitted information secret from the adversary, while the network is only subject to eavesdropping attack, and no errors are injected. We then provide two network coding schemes for error and erasure correction, which can decode the transmitted information correctly. With that, a secret and reliable network coding is proposed by combining two error and erasure correction schemes with secret communication. We show that under the requirement of 2z + ρ+ μ  <  k ⩽2z + 2ρ communication can achieve a rate of k −μ−z −ρ packets, where k denotes the network capacity. Moreover, it ensures that the communicated information has complete reliability and information‐theoretic security from the adversary. In particular, the requirement of packet length does not need to be sufficiently large, which is close to the practical packet length. Finally, we also compare our scheme's performance with existing work; the numeric results and security analyses illustrate the performance and security of our scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Normative performance on the executive clock drawing task in a multi‐ethnic bilingual cohort: a project FRONTIER study
Authors: Menon Chloe , Hall James , Hobson Valerie , Johnson Leigh , O'Bryant Sid E. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThe executive clock drawing task (CLOX) test is a neuropsychological measure intended to aid in the assessment and detection of dementia in older populations. Few studies have provided normative data for this measure, with even less research available regarding the impact of sociodemographic factors on test scores. This study presents normative data for the CLOX in a sample of English and Spanish‐speaking Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Whites.MethodsThe total sample included 445 cognitively healthy older adults seen as part of an ongoing study of rural cognitive aging, project FRONTIER. Unlike previous studies, criteria for “normality” (i.e., unimpaired) for CLOX1 and CLOX2 were based not merely on global impairment, but also on domain‐specific impairment of executive functioning on the Executive Interview 25‐item Examination and/or Trail Making Test B, or visuospatial/constructional impairment on the Line Orientation and Figure Copy subtests of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, respectively.ResultsHierarchical regression analyses revealed that CLOX1 scores require adjustment by Age across ethnicities, whereas Education and Gender are necessary stratification markers for CLOX1 performance only in non‐Hispanic Whites. None of the demographic variables were valid predictors of CLOX2 performance, negating the need for such adjustments.ConclusionIn addition to being the first study to provide separate normative data for CLOX performance in Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White samples, the current study offers a novel approach to defining “normal” by cognitive domain. We also highlight the need to directly examine the impact of sociodemographic factors before applying normative corrections based on factors that have negligible impact on test scores. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging system in evaluating oral leukoplakia
Authors: Yang Shih‐Wei , Lee Yun‐Shien , Chang Liang‐Che , Hwang Cheng‐Cheng , Luo Cheng‐Ming , Chen Tai‐An 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between clinical features of oral leukoplakia using endoscopy with broadband white light, narrow‐band imaging (NBI) illumination, and histopathology, and to discuss the clinical relevance of the NBI system.MethodsClinicopathologic data of patients receiving biopsy or excision after endoscopic examination for leukoplakia from April 2009 to December 2010 were reviewed and analyzed statistically.ResultsA total 154 patients, 130 men and 24 women (average age, 52.60 ± 10.86 years) were enrolled. The correlation between intraepithelium papillary capillary loop (IPCL) classification and stepwise increased severity of pathology (Pearson's r = .88, R2 = 0.78) was significantly better than that of broadband white light images (p < .001).ConclusionsFlexible endoscopy can enhance detailed inspection of oral cavity mucosa and can be a powerful tool for examining oral leukoplakia. The IPCL patterns shown by NBI system can be helpful in detecting oral leukoplakia with higher grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Chemoradiation for patients with large‐volume laryngeal cancers
Authors: Stenson Kerstin M. , MacCracken Ellen , Kunnavakkam Rangesh , W. Cohen Ezra E. , Portugal Louis D. , Villaflor Victoria , Seiwert Tanguy , Blair Elizabeth , Haraf Daniel J. , Salama Joseph K. , Vokes Everett E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundPatients with T4 laryngeal cancers, including those with large‐volume (cartilage or tongue‐base invasion) lesions, are often excluded from organ‐preservation trials due to expectations of inferior outcome in terms of survival and function. We hypothesize that such patients indeed have acceptable survival and function when treated with organ‐preservation strategies.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of a cohort of patients with T4 laryngeal cancer was carried out. Follow‐up ranged from 0.18 to 15.6 years. All T4 laryngeal cancer patients who were enrolled in the University of Chicago concomitant chemoradiotherapy protocols from 1994 to the present were reviewed. This study was composed of 80 newly diagnosed T4 laryngeal cancer patients. Efficacy of treatment was determined through evaluations of survival and function. Survival was evaluated via Kaplan–Meier methods. Swallowing function was evaluated by an oropharyngeal motility (OPM) study and swallowing scores were assigned. Higher scores reflected increasing swallowing dysfunction.ResultsFifty‐five of 80 patients (∼69%) had documented large‐volume tumor. Two‐ and 5‐year overall survivals were 60.0% and 48.7%, respectively. Disease‐specific 2‐ and 5‐year survivals for the group were 80.1% and 71.3%, and 79.4 and 74.3%, respectively, for the 55 patients with large volume status. Progression‐free survival rates were 52.6% and 47.6%. Forty‐four of 65 patients (∼68%) with OPM data had a Swallowing Performance Status Scale (SPSS) score of ≤5, indicating various degrees of swallowing abnormalities not requiring a gastrostomy tube. This is a functional‐preservation rate of 67.7%.ConclusionsChemoradiation for patients with T4 laryngeal cancer appears to be an effective and reasonable option, particularly in light of the satisfactory survival and function‐preservation rates. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Modified type III cordectomy to improve voice outcomes after transoral laser microsurgery for early glottic canser
Authors: Chu Pen‐Yuan , Hsu Yen‐Bin , Lee Tsung‐Lun , Fu Sherry , Wang Li‐Mei , Kao Ya‐Chung 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe proposed a modified type III cordectomy for the treatment of early glottic cancer that removed the upper part of the vocalis muscle to improve glottic closure and voice outcomes.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with early glottic cancer underwent type III cordectomy, including 9 classical (proposed by European Laryngological Society) and 13 modified resections. Multidimensional voice evaluations were performed.ResultsVoice parameters including GRBAS (overall grade [G], roughness of the voice [R], breathiness [B], asthenicity [A], and strain [S]), jitter, shimmer, noise‐to‐harmonic ratio, maximum phonation time, voice handicap index‐functional, physical, and total scores were better in modified resection. Eleven patients (85%) had complete glottic closure in modified resection and 3 (33%) in classical resection (p = .026). Only 2 patients had tumor recurrence, 1 (8%) in the modified resection and 1 (11%) in the classical resection group (p = 1.000).ConclusionsModified type III cordectomy proved to be an oncologically safe method. The voice outcomes were better than those in patients who underwent classical type III cordectomy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Impact of climate change on streamflow in the arid Shiyang River Basin of northwest China
Authors: Wang Zhonggen , Ficklin Darren L. , Zhang Yongyong , Zhang Minghua 
Published: November 2011

AbstractClimate change may significantly affect the hydrological cycle and water resource management, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions. In this paper, output from the Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) regional climate model were used in conjunction with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to analyse the effects of climate change on streamflow of the Xiying and Zamu rivers in the Shiyang River basin, an important arid region in northwest China. After SWAT model calibration and validation, streamflow in the Shiyang River Basin was simulated using the PRECIS climate model data for greenhouse gas emission scenarios A2 (high emission rate) and B2 (low emission rate) developed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Monthly streamflow and hydrological extremes were compared for present‐day years (1961–1990), the 2020s (2011–2040), 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2100). The results show that mean monthly streamflow in Shiyang River Basin generally increased in the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s between 0.7–6.1% at the Zamu gauging station and 0.1–4.8% at the Xiying gauging station. The monthly minimum streamflow increased persistently, but the maximum monthly streamflows increased in the 2020s and slightly decreased in the 2050s and 2080s. This study provides valuable information for guiding future water resource management in the Shiyang River Basin and other arid and semi‐arid regions in China. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between polymorphisms of the cytokine and cytokine receptor genes and immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Pan Liping , Zhang Wei , Liang Zhenglun , Wu Xiaopan , Zhu Xilin , Li Jingyun , Li Tianjie , Wang Li , Li Hui , Liu Ying 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe immune response to hepatitis B vaccination varies among individuals. It has been reported that polymorphisms in cytokine and cytokine receptor genes are associated with these individual differences. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of the Th1/Th2 cytokine and cytokine receptor genes and the response to hepatitis B vaccination in a Chinese Han population. A total of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms distributed in 6 genes (TNFRSF1A, IL12A, IL12B, IFNG, IL4, and IL10) were genotyped in 214 high‐responders [hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs) ≥1,000 mIU/ml] and 107 low‐responders (anti‐HBs: 10–99 mIU/ml). The minor CTCTAA allele of rs17860508 in the IL12B gene was associated with a low response to hepatitis B vaccination (P = 0.039, odds ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.00–1.99). In addition, a significant gene–gene interaction was found: the frequency of the combined genotypes IL12A rs2243115 TT and IL12B rs17860508 CTCTAA/CTCTAA was significantly higher in the low‐response group than in the high‐response group (P = 0.008, odds ratio = 2.19, 95% confidence interval = 1.23–3.93). These findings suggest that polymorphisms in the IL12A and IL12B genes might play an important role jointly in determining the response to hepatitis B vaccination. J. Med. Virol. 84:26–33, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural changes of the sediment bacterial community in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu, China, during typhoon Morakot, 2009
Authors: Shao Keqiang , Gao Guang , Qin Boqiang , Tang Xiangming , Chi Kexu , Yao Xin , Dai Jiangyu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe investigated changes in bacterial communities of the sediment in a large, shallow, eutrophic, freshwater Lake Taihu, China, during typhoon Morakot (August 7 to 13, 2009). Based on cluster analysis of the DGGE banding patterns, bacterial communities in different sediment samples were very similar to each other. However, samples from the middle period of the typhoon were different from those of the early and late periods of the typhoon. Two bacterial groups, Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae, rapidly appeared or increased in the sediment samples of the middle period of the typhoon, due to the strong turbulence in the water column caused by typhoon resulted in the exchange of surface sediment with a high level of organic matter with the water column, and severe disturbance to the anaerobic layer of the sediments. Redundancy analysis showed that organic matter contributed significantly to the changes in sediment bacterial communities during the typhoon. Our study demonstrated that the response of sediment bacterial communities to the typhoon event was very rapid but of short duration. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Producing cell‐free culture broth of rhamnolipids as a cost‐effective fungicide against plant pathogens
Authors: Sha Ruyi , Jiang Lifang , Meng Qin , Zhang Guoliang , Song Zhirong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBiosurfactants of rhamnolipids have been enthusiastically investigated for substitutes of synthetic agrochemicals against plant pathogens. However, all such studies have been conducted on rhamnolipids with high purity which have limitations due to high costs. This paper focused on the applicability of rhamnolipid‐containing cell‐free culture broth. It was found that rhamnolipids in cell‐free culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZJU211 were largely composed of di‐rhamnolipid and mono‐rhamnolipid with the ratio varying with culture time. After 96 h of fermentation, the mass ratio of di‐rhamnolipid over mono‐rhamnolipid increased to 2.6:1. Crude rhamnolipids in a form of cell‐free culture broth showed high antifungal activity against colony growth and biomass accumulation of seven plant pathogens comprising two Oomycetes, three Ascomycota and two Mucor spp. fungi, among which three plant pathogens were firstly reported in this paper showing inhibition to rhamnolipids. Particularly, rhamnolipids showed potent activity against two Oomycetes that acquire resistance to commercial compound of metalaxyal. Furthermore, di‐rhamnolipid was elucidated to dominate the antifungal activity of crude rhamnolipids by in vitro studies. At last, the efficacy and safety of cell‐free culture broth was preliminarily illustrated on plants in vivo. So cell‐free culture broth as a crude rhamnolipid product could be served as a potential cost‐effective and environmental‐friendly fungicide in agriculture. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Using baicalin‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for selectively extracting flavonoids from Rosa chinensis
Authors: Qing Lin‐Sen , Xiong Jing , Xue Ying , Liu Yi‐Ming , Guang Bin , Ding Li‐Sheng , Liao Xun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn extraction agent featuring a natural product, baicalin, anchored on the surface of nanomagnetic particles (BMNPs) is herein reported. A facile solid‐phase extraction (SPE) procedure with high selectivity toward flavonoids using BMNPs has been established. BMNPs were proven very effective for enriching flavonoids from extracts of medicinal plants such as Rosa chinensis. The SPE protocol involving a convenient solid–liquid separation by using an external magnet field was easy to carry out. Further, the SPE sorbent (BMNPs) could be reused for many times reducing the operation cost. Importantly, flavonoids retained on the BMNPs were effectively recovered by eluting with methanol. Coupling the proposed SPE with ESI‐MS/MS allowed a quick quantification of flavonoids in herbal extracts. Simultaneous determination of eight flavonoids extracted from R. chinensis was demonstrated in this work.
Dextrin‐ and Conducting‐Polymer‐Containing Biocomposites: Properties and Behavior as Cellular Matrix
Authors: Teixeira‐Dias Bruno , del Valle Luis J. , Estrany Francesc , Mano João F. , Reis Rui L. , Alemán Carlos 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBoth α‐cyclodextrin and linear dextrin are used to prepare biocomposites with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene). Materials are prepared electrochemically in aqueous solution. Comparison with the pure polymer indicates that the electroactivity and electrostability decrease with the incorporation of the dextrins while the electrical conductivity is retained. The different properties of the two biocomposites suggest that the linear dextrin is mainly located at the surface, whereas the cyclodextrin is homogeneously distributed in the polymeric matrix. Cell adhesion and proliferation assays indicate that the cellular activity is significantly higher in the dextrin‐containing biocomposites.magnified image
2D‐Aligned Graphene Sheets in Transparent Polyimide/Graphene Nanocomposite Films Based on Noncovalent Interactions Between Poly(amic acid) and Graphene Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Kim Gwang Yeon , Choi Myeon‐Cheon , Lee Daewoo , Ha Chang‐Sik 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTransparent polyimide (PI) and chemically modified graphene nanocomposite films are prepared from solutions of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA)/4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) poly(amic acid) with various amounts (0.2–0.8 wt%) of graphene carboxylic acid (GCA) in DMAc. The GCA is synthesized by modifying chemically oxidized graphene (COG) with many carboxylic acid groups (–COOH) and is well‐dispersed in DMAc, the organic solvent most frequently used for PI synthesis. The GCA sheets in the PI/GCA composite films are well‐dispersed and aligned two‐dimensionally in the direction parallel to the PI films, which enhances the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films.magnified image
Structurally Induced Dielectric Constant Promotion and Loss Suppression for Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanocomposites
Authors: Tang Zack Chih‐Wen , Sun Lili , Li Bin , Zhong Wei‐Hong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn increase in the dielectric constant (800 ± 15; 100 ≤ f ≤ 104 Hz) of PVDF without a coresponding increase in the dielectric loss is reported. This is realized by preparing sandwich structures composed of CNF/PVDF composite layers and a pure PVDF interlayer. The influence of the interlayer thickness on the dielectric properties is investigated. It is shown that a 30 µm interlayer is sufficient to prevent formation of the conductive network in the sandwich structures that would result in lower loss. It is demonstrated that with better CNF dispersion, a further increase of the dielectric constant and a lower loss can be obtained simultaneously. The sandwich approach thus leads to nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric constants while maintaining low loss.magnified image
Correspondence between spirallike functions and starlike functions
Authors: Kim Yong Chan , Sugawa Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLet λ be a real number with −π/2 < λ < π/2. In order to study λ‐spirallike functions, it is natural to measure the angle according to λ‐spirals. Thus we are led to the notion of λ‐argument. This fits well the classical correspondence between λ‐spirallike functions and starlike functions. Using this idea, we extend deep results of Pommerenke and Sheil‐Small on starlike functions to spirallike functions. As an application, we solved a problem given by Hansen in 6.