bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of joint injections in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: evaluation by 3D‐gait analysis
Authors: Broström E , Hagelberg S , Haglund‐Åkerlind Y 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To investigate how gait patterns change after intra‐articular corticosteroid injections (ICIs) in the lower extremities. Methods: Eighteen children, aged 5–16 y, with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and lower extremity involvement participated in the study. Sixty‐four joints in the lower extremities were treated with ICIs. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0–100 mm) was used to assess pain. A 3D motion analysis system and two force plates were used to measure gait parameters, kinematics and kinetics. The first gait analysis was performed before treatment with ICIs, and a second one was done 8–17 d after treatment. Results: The participants' average rating of pain decreased from 26 mm on the VAS before ICI to 11 mm (p= 0.001) after treatment. The self‐chosen walking velocity was significantly faster (p= 0.02) after treatment. The range of knee and ankle joint angles during gait increased significantly (p= 0.03 and 0.04) after treatment. At loading response, the hip extension moment increased (p= 0.01) as did knee flexion moment, and plantar flexion moment at pre‐swing increased significantly (p= 0.02 and 0.002) after treatment. The ankle also generated more power (p= 0.005) after treatment. Conclusion: The study shows positive effects of treatment with ICIs in the lower extremities—especially regarding pain, walking velocity and joint moments. The data indicate that ICI treatment influences the gait pattern also in joints that have not been injected.
The relationship between socio‐economic status and physical activity patterns in South African children
Authors: McVeigh JA , Norris SA , de Wet T 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To examine: (1) the associations between socio‐economic status, physical activity, anthropometric and body composition variables in South African children; (2) the influence maternal characteristics have on children's physical activity levels; and (3) associations between television watching, activity level and body composition. Methods: In 381 South African children, physical activity and socio‐economic status were assessed via structured retrospective interview using validated questionnaires. An asset indicator score was calculated as a proxy measure of socio‐economic status and used to divide children into quartiles. Results: Children falling into the highest socio‐economic status quartile had mothers with the highest educational levels, generally came from dual parent homes, were highly physically active, watched less television, weighed more and had greater lean tissue than children in lower quartiles. A greater percentage of children living in dual parent homes and with mothers of a higher educational status were highly active compared with children living in single parent homes and with mothers of a lower educational status. We found greater levels of lean mass with increased activity level after controlling for television watching time and fat mass. There were high levels of low activity and high television watching time among lower socio‐economic status groups. There were significant racial differences in patterns of activity. White children were found to be more active than black children, more likely to participate in physical education classes at school and watched less television than black children. Conclusion: Physical activity levels and socio‐economic variables are closely related in this population of South African children.
Papillary fibroelastoma of the tricuspid valve presenting as neonatal pulmonary haemorrhage
Authors: Sridhar AV , Bulock F , Hickey MStJ , Chikermane A , Black E , Currie A 
Published: August 2010

Papillary fibroelastoma is a benign tumour of the cardiac valve apparatus. We present an unusual case of life‐threatening pulmonary haemorrhage and disseminated intravascular coagulation in a neonate associated with this benign cardiac tumour. Papillary fibroelastoma of the tricuspid valve rarely presents in children and, to our knowledge, this is only the second reported case in a neonate. The patient was successfully managed by anticoagulation therapy followed by surgical excision of the tumour. This case illustrates the potentially fatal presentation of this benign cardiac tumour among neonates. Conclusion: Pulmonary haemorrhage of this degree is unusual in an otherwise healthy term neonate and needs careful investigation for unusual pathology including potential sources of pulmonary emboli in the heart. We emphasize the value of echocardiography in the evaluation of unexpected pulmonary haemorrhage in the newborn.
Accelerated ventricular rhythm in the neonatal period: a review and two new cases in asymptomatic infants with an apparently normal heart
Authors: Anatoliotaki M , Papagiannis J , Stefanaki S , Koropouli M , Tsilimigaki A 
Published: August 2010

Accelerated ventricular rhythm (AVR) was observed in two newborn infants. In the first case, arrhythmia was noted during the foetal period. Both neonates were asymptomatic and had no evidence of cardiac disease. The arrhythmia eventually disappeared when the infants were 4 mo and 24 d old, respectively. AVR in the neonatal period is reviewed in this report and recent information regarding appropriate diagnostic evaluation, differentiation from ventricular tachycardia and treatment is outlined. Conclusion: Accelerated ventricular rhythm is a benign and self‐limited arrhythmia in the neonatal period. However, it is important to differentiate it from other serious rhythm disorders, mainly ventricular tachycardia, in order to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful treatment and to relieve parental anxiety.
Oesophageal atresia in premature infants: an analysis of morbidity and mortality over a period of 20 years
Authors: Deurloo JA , Smit BJ , Ekkelkamp S , Aronson DC 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To determine the morbidity and mortality of premature infants born with oesophageal atresia (OA) and to evaluate historical changes in morbidity and mortality over time. Methods: Retrospective analysis of morbidity and mortality of all patients admitted for OA, with or without tracheo‐oesophageal fistula, between 1982 and 2002. Results: The study group consisted of 197 consecutive patients, of whom 55 (28%) were premature and 21 (11%) very premature. Type A atresia was found more often in very premature and premature infants than in those born at term (p= 0.02). Type E atresia was not found in the premature group (p= 0.004). At least one associated congenital anomaly was also present in 121 patients (61%). Postoperative complications developed more often in very premature and premature infants than in those born at term (p < 0.001). Gastro‐oesophageal reflux was diagnosed in 32/76 premature infants and in 41/121 term infants (p= 0.001). Mortality among very premature and premature infants was higher than among those born at term (p= 0.003). Withdrawal of treatment was the most frequent cause of death. Conclusion: Premature infants with OA have a higher morbidity and mortality than term infants with OA. The complications of prematurity contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in premature infants with OA. There is no reason to refrain from the standard treatment of OA in premature infants with no severe associated congenital anomalies.
T cell receptor V gene usage by CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood T lymphocytes in immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Hedlund‐Treutiger I , Elinder G , Wigzell H , Grunewald J , Wahlström J 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To identify T cell expansions, i.e. increased frequencies of T cells using a particular T cell receptor (TCR) Vα or Vβ gene segment, in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Methods: The TCR repertoires of CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes of 16 patients with chronic ITP were analysed by staining with a panel of anti‐TCR Vα and Vβs antibodies followed by flow cytometry. Results: Four of the 16 patients exhibited a total of 6 expansions of CD8+ T cells using a particular Vβ segment, but no expansions were detected in the CD4+ subset. For three of the expansions where a follow‐up blood sample after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin was available, only one expansion remained. Conclusion: Overall T cell expansion frequency was the same as in healthy individuals. However, the presence of expansions that normalized with treatment suggests the presence of specific T cells implicated in the pathogenesis of ITP.
The effect of prenatal consultation with a neonatologist on human milk feeding in preterm infants
Authors: Friedman S , Flidel‐Rimon O , Lavie E , Shinwell ES 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To study the effect of prenatal consultation (PC) with a neonatologist on the incidence and duration of human milk feeding (HMF) in preterm infants. Design/methods: A retrospective matched case‐control study was preformed at a perinatal centre. Study infants were preterm infants (23–35 wk) whose mothers had received PC emphasizing the importance of HMF. Control infants were matched by birthweight, gestational age and multiplicity. Results: Each group included 29 mothers and 46 preterm infants. Mean gestational age was 30.1 ± 3 wk in both groups. Mean birthweight was 1329 ± 489 (PC) and 1334 ± 441 g (control). PC infants received HMF for significantly longer, both in the hospital and after discharge (hospital: PC 37 ± 34 d vs control 15 ± 19 d, p = 0.001; discharge PC 60 ± 57d vs control 21 ± 32d; p= 0.0001). No significant difference in neonatal morbidity was detected between the groups.Conclusions: PC is associated with significantly longer HMF in preterm infants, both in hospital and after discharge.
Reading the signs of starvation
Authors: Nicholls Dasha 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGuidelines for managing malnutrition in adolescent eating disorders are based on limited evidence. Swenne and Engström's study explored the relationship between symptoms, signs and weight status in this patient group, towards refining clinical approaches to nutritional assessment in adolescents. Conclusion: The need to compare findings across studies is crucial for research in nutritional assessment of adolescents.
Medical assessment of adolescent girls with eating disorders: An evaluation of symptoms and signs of starvation
Authors: Swenne Ingemar , Engström Ingemar 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To investigate the prevalence of symptoms and signs related to starvation at the initial examination of adolescent girls with eating disorders (ED). Methods: Two hundred and eleven girls with eating disorders recruited for a multicentre research and evaluation programme of six specialist eating disorder services in Sweden have been studied. The presence or absence of 12 symptoms, reported by the patients, and 16 signs, observed by the examiners, were registered and related to body weight. Results: Eleven observed signs—loss of subcutaneous fat, loss of muscle mass, loss of muscular force, dry and scaly skin, brittle nails, dry and brittle hair, lanugo hair, resting pulse <60, systolic blood pressure <110, peripheral hypothermia, and peripheral cyanosis—were related to body weight expressed in standard deviation scores (SDS). When the number of observed signs for each patient was calculated, there was a strong relationship with weight. The odds ratio for having more than two signs was 4.35 (95% CI 2.67–7.04; p=2.8×10−9) for every one‐unit change in weight SDS. Of the symptoms reported by the patients, only three were related to weight. When the number of reported symptoms for each patient was calculated, a relationship with weight was not observed. Conclusion: In adolescent girls with ED, physical signs observed at medical examination can be related to weight. However, reported symptoms are poorly related to weight and may be influenced by other factors. The finding emphasizes the importance of medical assessment at presentation of patients with ED.
Normal spontaneous cortisol secretion in children after autologous bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Frisk Per , Gustafsson Jan , Arvidson Johan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To describe spontaneous cortisol secretion in children after autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute leukaemia and lymphoma. Methods: Spontaneous cortisol secretion was analysed in 39 children before and after BMT. Thirteen patients were conditioned with chemotherapy only (group 1), and 26 patients also with total body irradiation (TBI). In the TBI group, 14 patients had received no additional irradiation (group 2), whereas 12 patients had received cranial irradiation (CRT) previously (group 3). Results: Before BMT, in comparison with group 1, mean morning cortisol was significantly lower in group 2 (252 vs 415 mmol/l, p=0.004), but not in group 3 (vs 312 mmol/l, p=0.12). There was no change in group 1 six months after BMT (to 379 nmol/l), whereas morning cortisol increased significantly in group 2 and group 3 (to 386 and 343 nmol/l, respectively; p<0.05). The change in mean morning cortisol correlated negatively with pretransplant morning cortisol (r=−0.63, p<0.001). Neither TBI nor CRT were associated with changes in morning cortisol. Conclusion: Spontaneous cortisol secretion is maintained after BMT irrespective of whether cranial or total body irradiation has been given or not.
Cognitive and behavioural characteristics in blind children with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia
Authors: Ek Ulla , Fernell Elisabeth , Jacobson Lena 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:To describe cognitive and behavioural characteristics in a group of blind children with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH).Methods:Data from records, parents, teachers, and repeated developmental assessments of 13 blind children with ONH born in 1988–1998 were analysed. All children had neuroimaging and/or hormonal evidence of midline malformations. They were all blind and able to communicate with speech.Results:Severe mood swings and temper tantrums were common, especially during the first years of life. Later in life, sluggish tempo, low frustration tolerance and a narrow range of interests were common. Autism had been diagnosed in 6/13 children, autistic‐like condition (ALC) was found in another three. The behaviour of the remaining four children was not within the autism spectrum. Eight children had cognitive capacities within the normal or near‐normal range; five had mental retardation. Autism/ALC was found in all cognitive subgroups. All children exhibited fluent speech and, of these, 12 had started to talk at the expected age, but had clear deficiencies in communicative ability.Conclusion:These children had a common pattern of behavioural characteristics including autism spectrum disorders independent of intellectual capacities.
A three‐year population‐based study of antibiotic treatments for children
Authors: Gagliotti Carlo , Morsillo Filomena , Resi Davide , Milandri Milena , Luisa Moro Maria 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To describe the use of systemic antibiotics in the paediatric population of the Emilia‐Romagna region (Italy) during the period 2000–2002. Methods: Data were extracted from the drug prescription database of Emilia‐Romagna. Results: Treatment rates were within the range 1016–1151 treatments per 1000 children‐years, according to the observed year. Chephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotic class. Conclusion: The paediatric population of Emilia‐Romagna is heavily exposed to systemic antibiotics. Further studies are needed to find out determinants of antibiotic overuse.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting with nephrotic syndrome and membranous glomerulopathy in a 10‐year‐old girl
Authors: Machado Vânia , Pontes Teresa , Brito Iva , Afonso Caldas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe authors report the case of a 10‐y‐old girl with clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), made at the age of 6 y, based upon arthritis, serositis, haematological disorder and positive antinuclear antibody. The first manifestation of disease—Raynaud's phenomenon—appeared at the age of 4 y. Seven months after the diagnosis, she developed nephrotic proteinuria with haematuria. Percutaneous renal biopsy showed membranous glomerulonephritis, the least common form of lupus nephritis. Conclusion: Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy associated with oral prednisolone proved effective in inducing complete remission of nephrotic syndrome.
The relationship between children's habitual activity level and psychological well‐being
Authors: Parfitt Gaynor , Eston Roger G 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To explore the relationship between habitual physical activity and psychological well‐being in children. Methods: Seventy children (35 boys, 35 girls), age 10.4±0.4 y, wore hip pedometers over a period of 7 d. Well‐being was conceptualized as the presence of global self‐esteem and the absence of anxiety and depression and assessed with the use of three questionnaires. Results: Correlation analyses revealed that habitual physical activity had a strong association with global self‐esteem (r=0.66), depression (r=−0.60) and anxiety (r=−0.48). However, using partial correlations, the significant relationships were removed for anxiety and depression, but remained for self‐esteem (r=0.36). When groups were created based upon activity level, children achieving >12 000 steps/day had more positive psychological profiles than children achieving <9200 steps/day. Conclusion: The results support the findings from previous studies that have explored the relationship between physical activity and well‐being, but represent the first to use a mechanical measure of physical activity over a 7‐d period to assess the relationships. The actual step counts associated with more positive psychological well‐being can be shown to be in line with the recommended guidelines that children accumulate a minimum of 60 min of moderate‐intensity activity per day.
Use of polyvinyl feeding tubes and iatrogenic pharyngo‐oesophageal perforation in very‐low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Filippi Luca , Pezzati Marco , Poggi Chiara 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: Placement of a feeding tube may be associated with various complications, including iatrogenic pharyngo‐oesophageal perforation. Aim: To determine the incidence of pharyngo‐oesophageal perforation secondary to the use of polyvinyl feeding tubes in newborns weighing less than 1500 g, we conducted a retrospective study over a 3½‐y period. Methods: All the hospital files of the 371 very‐low‐birthweight newborns admitted were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Three iatrogenic pharyngo‐oesophageal perforations were observed, giving an incidence of 1∶124 preterm infants. This incidence reaches values of 1∶25 newborns weighing less than 750 g. Data from our cases included clinical presentation and outcome, radiological evaluation, and type of feeding tube. One infant died of sepsis, and the clinical course was compatible with mediastinitis. The other two infants were treated successfully with conservative non‐surgical management. Conclusion: Pharyngo‐oesophageal perforation in our experience exclusively involved preterm infants weighing less than 750 g after traumatic placement of a polyvinyl feeding tube. The use of a silastic feeding tube with a really soft end instead of polyvinyl catheters could probably avoid iatrogenic oesophageal perforation.
Adolescent detainees in an adult prison in Geneva
Authors: Haller Dagmar M , Meynard Anne 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDespite the Convention on the Rights of the Child, some adolescents are still detained in adult prisons in Europe. Little is known about their health status. This cross‐sectional study of 67 teenagers detained in an adult prison in Switzerland shows that morbidity in this group is high. Conclusion: These results highlight the need for developmentally appropriate health services for teenagers in adult prisons. The long‐term implications of detaining adolescents in adult detention facilities also need to be discussed.
Fetal hydrops in GM1 gangliosidosis: A case report
Authors: Teresa Sinelli Maria , Motta Mario , Cattarelli Donatella , Luisa Cardone Maria , Chirico Gaetano 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGM1 gangliosidosis is a rare disorder characterized by deficiency of the β‐galactosidase enzyme, with the resulting accumulation of glycolipids, oligosaccharides and especially GM1 ganglioside. It can be classified into three clinical types according to the time of onset: infantile, juvenile and adult form. We report a case of GM1 gangliosidosis presenting with fetal hydrops at 24 wk of gestation. The parents were consanguineous; the baby, born at 35 wk of gestation, was dysmorphic and presented severe generalized oedema. The most common cause of fetal hydrops was excluded. A lysosomal storage disease was suspected, and GM1 gangliosidosis was diagnosed. The child developed severe growth and mental retardation and died when she was 21 mo old. Conclusion: We suggest that the possible association between inborn errors of metabolism and antenatal ascites should be considered, in order to offer genetic counselling due to the high recurrence risk and the availability of early antenatal diagnosis.
Survival after surgery for congenital heart defects: Does reduced early mortality predict improved long‐term survival?
Authors: Eskedal Leif , Skjalg Hagemo Peter , Eskild Anne , Aamodt Geir , Seiler Kerry S , Thaulow Erik 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: The objectives of this study were 1) to compare early mortality (first 30 d after surgery) and long‐term survival between two cohorts of patients operated on for congenital cardiac defects, and 2) to evaluate the impact of possible changes in early mortality on long‐term survival. Methods: 945 patients with congenital cardiac defects, born in 1990–1999 and operated on in the same period were examined in a retrospective cohort study. The patients were divided into three groups: “univentricular cardiac defects”, “severe cardiac defects” and “less severe cardiac defects”. The study population was divided into two cohorts: group 1 included patients born and operated on in 1990–1994; group 2 included patients born and operated on in 1995–1999. The survival patterns in the two groups were compared. Results: For all patients, except those with univentricular cardiac defects, early mortality (30 d after surgery) was reduced. Among patients with severe cardiac defects, early mortality was reduced from 18.6% in group 1 to 2.9% in group 2. Among patients with less severe cardiac defects, early mortality was reduced from 6.2% to 1.9%. The improved outcome was maintained during the following 5 y. Overall relative risk of death during follow‐up was reduced to 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15–0.56) for patients with severe cardiac defects, and to 0.53 (95% CI: 0.31–0.93) for patients with less severe cardiac defects born and operated on in 1995–1999. Conclusion: Early mortality has been substantially reduced in congenital heart defect patients, and corresponds with significantly improved long‐term survival.