bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of fetal gender in predicting Down syndrome using long bone ultrasonographic measurements
Authors: Goetzinger Katherine R. , Dicke Jeffrey M. , Gray Diana L. , Stamilio David M. , Macones George A. , Odibo Anthony O. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if fetal gender affects the screening efficiency of short femur and humerus lengths in the prediction of trisomy 21.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 62 111 patients presenting for ultrasound from 1990 to 2006. Short humerus and femur lengths were defined using (1) biparietal diameter (BPD) to femur/humerus length (FL/HL) ratios > 1.5 standard deviations above the mean, (2) the observed to expected (O/E) ratio of femur length ≤0.91 or humerus length ≤0.89, and (3) femur and humerus lengths < 5th percentile. The sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated for the association of short FL/HL and trisomy 21 stratified by gender.ResultsBoth BPD/long bone ratios as well as O/E ratios demonstrated a statistically significant higher specificity for the detection of trisomy 21 in female fetuses. This difference was most clinically significant when using the O/E ratio, which yielded a specificity of 82.6% in males and 90.6% in females for short femur, and 69.7% in males and 77.9% in females for short humerus, when these markers were evaluated as isolated findings.ConclusionGender‐specific differences in the effectiveness of both short femur and humerus lengths for the prediction of trisomy 21 may exist, but their presence and magnitude are largely dependent on the formula used. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bowel dilation as a predictor of adverse outcome in isolated fetal gastroschisis
Authors: Garcia L. , Brizot M. , Liao A. , Silva M. M. , Tannuri A. C. , Zugaib M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate bowel diameter as a predictor of adverse outcome in isolated fetal gastroschisis.MethodsRetrospective study involving 94 singleton pregnancies. Ultrasound measurements of herniated bowel transverse diameter (BTD) were performed up to 3 weeks before delivery. Adverse outcome was intrauterine/neonatal death and/or bowel complications.ResultsLast BTD was recorded at 35.6 ± 1.6 weeks and mean interval to delivery was 6.2 ± 5.0 days. Intrauterine/neonatal death occurred in 10 (10.6%) cases; bowel complications were observed in 8 (8.5%). BTD ≥ 15, ≥ 20, ≥ 25, and ≥ 30 mm were found in 87, 46, 13, and 4% of pregnancies with a favorable outcome, respectively. BTD ≥ 25 mm sensitivity was 38%, and positive and negative predictive values were 38 and 87%. For BTD ≥ 30 mm, the values were 19, 50, and 85%. Observed/expected BTD ROC curve showed an area of 0.67, best cut‐off value at 1.39; prediction values were similar to those for BTD ≥ 25 mm. Bowel dilatation was also significantly associated with lower rate of primary surgical closure, longer period to full oral feeding, and prolonged hospital stay.ConclusionsBowel dilatation demonstrated up to 3 weeks before delivery is a predictor of intestinal complications and is associated with lower rate of primary surgical closure, longer period to achieve full oral feeding, and hospital stay. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insecticide resistance in field populations of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in West Africa
Authors: Houndété Thomas A , Kétoh Guillaume K , Hema Omer SA , Brévault Thierry , Glitho Isabelle A , Martin Thibaud 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), has developed a high degree of resistance to several chemical classes of insecticides throughout the world. To evaluate the resistance status in West Africa, eight insecticides from different chemical families were tested using the leaf‐dip method on four field populations collected from cotton in Benin, Togo and Burkina Faso.RESULTS: Some field populations showed a significant loss of susceptibility to pyrethroids such as deltamethrin [resistance ratio (RR) 3–5] and bifenthrin (RR 4–36), to organophosphates (OPs) such as dimethoate (RR 8–15) and chlorpyrifos (RR 5–7) and to neonicotinoids such as acetamiprid (RR 7–8) and thiamethoxam (RR 3–7). Bemisia tabaci was also resistant to pymetrozine (RR 3–18) and to endosulfan (RR 14–30).CONCLUSION: The resistance of B. tabaci to pyrethroids and OPs is certainly due to their systematic use in cotton treatments for more than 30 years. Acetamiprid has been recently introduced for the control of whiteflies. Unfortunately, B. tabaci populations from Burkina Faso seem to be already resistant. Because cross‐resistance between these compounds has never been observed elsewhere, resistance to neonicotinoids could be due to the presence of an invasive B. tabaci biotype recently detected in the region. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of six selected orchard insecticides on Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in the laboratory
Authors: Bostanian Noubar J , Hardman John M , Thistlewood Howard A , Racette Gaétan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) is a key predator of tetranychid mites in integrated pest management (IPM) programs across Canada. This study identified compounds that would be recommended for tier‐II field evaluations in an IPM program.RESULTS: The overall egg mortality caused by the six insecticides was negligible as it extended from 0 to 12.1%. Imidacloprid was classified as toxic to adults. The label rate was 7.73‐fold the LC50. Thiamethoxam was classified as moderately toxic to adults, and its label rate was 2.87‐fold the LC50. Acetamiprid and spinosad were classified as marginally toxic, and their label rates were respectively 0.99‐ and 0.45‐fold the LC50 for adults. Thiacloprid and methoxyfenozide were virtually innocuous to adults.CONCLUSION: Methoxyfenozide was totally harmless to all stages of N. fallacis, and it would be included in IPM programs immediately. Acetamiprid, spinosad and thiacloprid had varying degrees of mild toxicity to at least one growth stage of the predator. Therefore, they were recommended for tier‐II field testing according to their label claims. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were toxic to moderately toxic to adults and had significant adverse effects on fecundity. Therefore, they would be field evaluated only if alternatives were unavailable. Copyright 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd
Density change during the manufacturing process of PU–PE open cell auxetic foams
Authors: Bianchi M. , Frontoni S. , Scarpa F. , Smith C. W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a modified manufacturing route involving a large change in density in auxetic negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) foams. Density change of auxetic foams after manufacturing is a common feature for this porous material. Samples of open cell PU–PE (i.e. the combination of polyurethane–polyethylene) foams with NPR are produced from two similar native materials using both the classical and the novel custom manufacturing methods. In the classical manufacturing route the cooling process is typically carried out with the foam in a confined state. Conversely, in the new manufacturing process it was substituted with a release process. Samples were subjected to both tensile and compressive loading, as well as density measurements. A thorough mechanical characterisation of the foams is described, linking the mechanical properties with their change in density after conversion into auxetic.
Auxetic fibre networks and their composites
Authors: Jayanty Sharmila , Crowe Jason , Berhan Lesley 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe growing interest in the field of negative Poisson's ratio materials is motivated by the attractive mechanical properties of these materials and the potential enhancements that might be derived from replacing a positive Poisson's ratio component with its auxetic counterpart. In this paper we report on preliminary results of an ongoing experimental study to test the hypothesis that an auxetic composite can be produced by embedding an auxetic fibre network within a conventional (positive Poisson's ratio) matrix. First we present results of tensile tests performed on samples of compressed mats of sintered stainless steel fibres which are known to have a negative Poisson's ratio out‐of‐plane. Next we present results of mechanical tests and imaging studies on composite samples made by infusing the stainless steel mats with a polymer. Finally we report on the auxetic behaviour observed in some polymer nanocomposites with a high loading of carbon nanofibers. We conjecture that the embedded nanofibers form an effective network and, like the stainless steel mats, the compression of the samples during fabrication renders the embedded networks auxetic. The compliance of the polymer matrix relative to the nanofiber network results in an auxetic composite. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and the potential for developing new auxetic composites with auxetic fibre networks as the reinforcing phase.
Viscoelastic, dielectric, and thermal properties of BaTiO3‐3%KNbO3
Authors: Dong Liang , Stone Donald S. , Lakes Roderic S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractViscoelastic behavior (modulus and damping) of polycrystalline 3%KNbO3‐BaTiO3 has been studied in torsion and bending via broadband viscoelastic spectroscopy (BVS) over a range of temperature passing through both the orthorhombic‐to‐tetragonal and tetragonal‐to‐cubic phase transformations. Softening in bulk modulus and minima in Poisson's ratio as well as peaks in mechanical damping, dielectric constant, and heat capacity vs. temperature were observed in the vicinity of the transformations. Viscoelastic response vs. temperature was sharper than dielectric or thermal response. Transition temperatures of both transformations shifted to lower temperatures in comparison to pure BaTiO3. Damping peaks vs. temperature were wider (5 °C) than in pure BaTiO3 (less than 1 °C) and of smaller magnitude. Broadening of response is attributed to material heterogeneity on a fine scale.
Kinetics of SH‐ssDNA immobilization on gold coated cantilevers under electrochemical control
Authors: Arroyo‐Hernández María , Martín‐González Marisol , Costa‐Krämer José Luis 
Published: August 2010

AbstractControlling electrochemical parameters (setting the bias voltage and monitoring the current) during immobilization of thiolated single stranded DNA (SH‐ssDNA) on gold coated cantilevers allows tailoring the reaction kinetics. In particular, the immobilization time can be reduced more than 40 times when compared with conventional passive immobilization (cantilever electrically floated during the process). Besides the kinetics, the surface stress induced during the immobilization process can be also controlled and maximized. The combination of an electrochemically monitored immobilization with in‐situ profile measurements provides a powerful tool to optimize DNA immobilization and increase the nanomechanical response. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Supramolecular organization of chiral molecules on metallic surfaces: D‐alaninol on Cu(100) as a case study
Authors: Gori Paola , Contini Giorgio , Prosperi Tommaso , Zema Nicola , Ronci Fabio , Colonna Stefano , Cricenti Antonio , Turchini Stefano , Catone Daniele , Aschi Massimiliano , Palma Amedeo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe adsorption configuration of a chiral amino alcohol, Dalaninol, on Cu(100) is studied with DFT ab‐initio calculations. We address the case of the formation of a self‐assembled monolayer that is experimentally found when depositing the molecule at room temperature. Preliminary calculations are performed for a cluster of four isolated molecules in gas phase, both at the MP2 and GGA‐DFT level. Further results deal with the adsorption on the copper surface. STM images of two candidates structures are simulated and compared with experiments (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mobility gaps in disordered graphene‐based materials: an ab initio ‐based tight‐binding approach to mesoscopic transport
Authors: Biel Blanca , Cresti Alessandro , Avriller Rémi , Dubois Simon , López‐Bezanilla Alejandro , Triozon François , Blase X. , Charlier Jean‐Christophe , Roche Stephan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAs is common knowledge, armchair graphene nanoribbons (aGNRs) share many electronic features with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Nevertheless, crucial differences emerge when disorder comes into play. It is thus instructive, both from a theoretical and a technological perspective, to analyze the impact of possible types of disorder on the transport properties of these graphene‐based materials.Here we report such a comparative study between CNTs and GNRs, which points out the similarities and differences emerging as a consequence of doping by substitutional boron and nitrogen impurities. The role of edge defects (absent in CNTs) is also contrasted with chemical doping disorder. All disorder models have been derived from accurate ab initio calculations of the electronic structures (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐temperature stability of suspended single‐layer graphene
Authors: Kim Kwanpyo , Regan William , Geng Baisong , Alemán Benjamín , Kessler B. M. , Wang Feng , Crommie M. F. , Zettl A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report in situ Joule heating on suspended single‐layer graphene in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Thermally‐driven degradation of pre‐deposited nanoparticles on the membrane is monitored and used for local temperature estimation. By extrapolating the Joule heating power and temperature relation, we find that the suspended single‐layer graphene has exceptional thermal stability up to at least 2600 K. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High critical oxygen concentration in microcrystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Merdzhanova Tsvetelina , Woerdenweber Jan , Beyer Wolfhard , Zastrow Uwe , Stiebig Helmut , Gordijn Aad 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFor microcrystalline silicon based p–i–n solar cells the effect of deposition conditions on the critical oxygen concentration was investigated. All solar cells were prepared by 13.56 MHz plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition. The critical oxygen concentration defines the lowest oxygen concentration in the intrinsic absorber layer causing a deterioration of the solar cell performance. For intentional contamination of ∼1.2–1.3 µm thick i‐layers, the oxygen was inserted by a controllable leak at the process gases supply line, i.e. by a gas pipe leak. For µc‐Si:H deposited at a discharge power of 0.53 W/cm2 we find a critical oxygen concentration of 1–2 × 1019 cm–3 in agreement with values commonly reported in literature. However, changing the deposition conditions, we find that the critical oxygen concentration in µc‐Si:H cells is not fixed. At reduced power of 0.20 W/cm2 a much higher value for the critical oxygen concentration of 1 × 1020 cm–3 is observed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The nature of singular vector growth and structure
Authors: Hoskins B. J. , Buizza R. , Badger J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to produce a basic understanding of the nature of singular vector growth and structure. The approach is through a sequence of singular vector calculations based on the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Ensemble Prediction System. Comparison is made for a range of cases based on trajectories that are evolving or constant atmosphere states, all cases having the same optimization time interval and resolution in the singular vector calculation. From these it is deduced that the constant or evolutionary nature of the trajectory is not as relevant as the smoothness of the trajectory. Unless the trajectory is very smooth, singular vectors tend to propagate from the upstream end of the storm‐track baroclinic regions into their downstream end. The upscale transfer of energy in singular vector development is seen mostly as a kinematic effect of the strengthening flow in the downstream direction. Short‐optimization‐time singular vectors are found to grow by unshielding potential‐vorticity (PV) structures associated with their compactness in the vertical and by untilting their westward tilted troughs as they propagate upwards. Longer‐optimization‐time singular vectors are lower in the troposphere and their interaction with the near‐surface region enables longer‐term normal‐mode‐like growth through PV coupling in the vertical. The division between short and longer optimization times is consistent with the time taken to propagate to the tropopause.
A comprehensive two‐moment warm microphysical bulk scheme. II: 2D experiments with a non‐hydrostatic model
Authors: Cohard Jean‐Martial , Pinty Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new bulk microphysical scheme containing advanced parametrizations to predict both concentration and mixing ratio of cloud droplets and raindrops (see Part I) is implemented in a three‐dimensional non‐hydrostatic model. This paper presents results obtained with the complete scheme for two specific experiments of idealized precipitating clouds. In the first case, an orographic cloud is produced at the windward edge of a plateau. The study focuses on the sensitivity of the microphysical fields and precipitation patterns to the upwind cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation spectrum. In the second case, a heavily precipitating tropical rainband of the Hawaiian Rainband Project is simulated in a kinematic framework. Analysis of simulated radar‐reflectivity time evolution indicates that a realistic development of large raindrops can be obtained as compared to either observations or to results produced by a bin‐resolving model. The overall control of raindrop tail distribution by collisional break‐up is re‐emphasized in the light of earlier results.The rather simple tests lead to the conclusion that a complete bulk microphysical scheme can simulate warm rain processes with reasonable accuracy. The ability of the model to account for realistic CCN activation spectra with modest programming effort makes the scheme suitable for three‐dimensional precipitation simulations that properly take into consideration aerosol dynamics at mesoscale.
An extended similarity theory for the stably stratified atmospheric surface layer
Authors: Zilitinkevich Sergej , Calanca Pierluigi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn advanced similarity‐theory formulation for the wind and temperature profiles in the stably stratified atmospheric surface layer (ASL) is developed with due regard to the effect of the free‐flow static stability on the ASL. In the revised log‐linear profiles, empirical coefficients traditionally considered as universal constants, namely the slope factors in the z‐less stratification layer (beyond the logarithmic sub‐layer), become functions of the dimensionless number S = N L/u*. Here, N is the Brunt‐Väisälä frequency in the free flow, L is the Monin‐Obukhov length, and u* is the friction velocity. The number S indicates how strongly the ASL is affected by the free‐flow stability. This new formulation leaves room for the occurrence of well developed turbulence at much higher Richardson numbers, Ri, than had been suspected. Moreover, it results in a pronounced dependence of the turbulent Prandtl number on Ri in a wide range of Ri, including the z‐less stratification layer, in correspondence with long‐standing empirical evidence. The traditional Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory disregards the above essential features of the stably stratified ASL. New data from measurements over a slightly inclined plateau in West Greenland provide experimental support for the proposed theory.
An overview on oxidative stress parameters in emergency service workers
Authors: Oğuztürk Hakan , Polat Alaadin , Turtay Muhammet Gökhan , Essen Buket 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe research is planned in order to analyse the physical and mental activities of ED workers on antioxidant system parameters. Enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT), and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) occurring as product of lipid peroxidation were examined in the blood samples taken prior to and after the shift of emergency department workers. Paired t‐test was used to find out differences between pre‐ and post‐shift values. An increase in MDA (1.77 ± 0.33 versus 2.34 ± 0.79 nmol/mL for pre‐ and post‐shift; p < 0.001) and CAT (1.19 ± 0.77 versus 4.33 ± 1.35 K/mL for pre‐ and post‐shift; p < 0.001) levels, and a decrease in SOD (30.34 ± 8.11 versus 20.35 ± 3.65 U/mg for pre‐ and post‐shift; p < 0.001) and GPX (3.41 ± 0.90 versus 1.37 ± 0.38 U/mL for pre‐ and post‐shift; p < 0.001) levels were found in comparison with the measurement levels of the blood samples. The results were found to be statistically significant. Oxygen free radicals play an important role in some degenerative and mental diseases. Accordingly, physicians and the other emergency department workers should be trained regarding the stress in the conditions they work in. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schwingungsmessungen an einer Versenkwalze
Authors: Braun Norman , Lerzer Martin , Richter Markus 
Published: August 2010

AbstractInfolge Durchströmung kommt es an Stahlwasserbauten zu dynamischen Beanspruchungen, die auf Dauer zu einer Materialermüdung führen können. Im vorliegenden Beispiel wurden Schwingungsmessungen an den Seitenschilden und am Walzenkörper einer Versenkwalze durchgeführt, um die Ursache von Schäden zu untersuchen. Die Sensoren an den Seitenschilden befanden sich im Betriebszustand der Walze sechs bis sieben Meter unter der Wasseroberfläche. Der Aufsatz beschreibt die Durchführung und die wesentlichen Ergebnisse der Messungen. Die Wehr‐ und Schleusenanlage unterliegt dem Wasser‐ und Schifffahrtsamt Schweinfurt (WSA Sft) und befindet sich am Main‐km 200, 80 nahe der Stadt Lohr.Vibration measurements at a submersible roller gate. Due to flow hydraulic steel structures are exposed to dynamic stresses which in the long run can lead to material fatigue. Regarding the present example vibration measurements were carried out at the side plates and at the body of a submersible roller in order to investigate the cause of damages. In the operating state of the roller the sensors at the side plates were six to seven meters below the water surface. This paper deals with the performance and the results of the measurements. The responsibility for this weir and sluice system is by the Schweinfurt Water and Shipping Authority (WSA Sft). The system is located at Main‐km 200.80 near the city of Lohr.
Klimahaus 8° Ost in Bremerhaven
Authors: Brux Gunther 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDas Klimahaus 8° Ost wurde im maritimen Zentrum Bremerhavens errichtet und hat im Jahr über eine halbe Million Besucher. Das Dach und die Fassade aus Verbundglasscheiben sind auf Stahlkonstruktionen erstellt, die nach Anbringen des Korrosionsschutzes mit Dämmschichtbildnern für den vorbeugenden Brandschutz beschichtet sind, ohne die Architektur zu beeinträchtigen. Das Klimahaus 8° Ost in Bremerhaven ist wegen seiner gelungenen Form und Ausführung mit dem European Steel Award 2009 ausgezeichnet worden.