bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and association of dental injuries with socioeconomic conditions and alcohol/drug use in adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age
Authors: Jorge Kelly O. , Oliveira Filho Paulo M. , Ferreira Efigênia F. , Oliveira Ana C. , Vale Miriam P. , Zarzar Patrícia M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract – Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of dental trauma, etiological factors, predisposing factors, and associations with socioeconomic status and the risk of alcohol and illicit drug use among adolescents in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was carried out that included clinical examinations and self‐administered questionnaires. The sample population was composed of 891 adolescents from public and private schools. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was used for socioeconomic classification. Information on alcohol and illicit drug use was obtained using two questionnaires: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Results: The prevalence of traumatic dental injury (TDI) was 24.7%. Falls (17.7%) was the most frequently cited etiological factor in dental injury. Among the participants with TDI, 32.8% were students in the private school system (P = 0.006). A total of 56.8% of individuals with accentuated overjet had some type of TDI (P = 0.000). There was a high prevalence of adolescents who consumed alcoholic beverages (50.3%) and used illicit substances (15.2%). However, no statistically significant associations were found between these variables and the presence of TDI. The results of the analysis demonstrate that individuals in a private school system [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.20] and those with accentuated overjet (>3 mm) (PR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.10–1.25) had a 1.11‐ and 1.17‐fold greater chance of belonging to the group of individuals diagnosed with some type of TDI. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental trauma in the study population was high. The same was true regarding alcohol and illicit drug use among the adolescents examined, although no statistically significant associations were found between these variables and a history of TDI. Private school system and accentuated overjet were significantly associated with dental trauma.
Functional defects of peripheral regulatory T lymphocytes in patients with progressive vitiligo
Authors: Ben Ahmed M. , Zaraa I. , Rekik R. , Elbeldi‐Ferchiou A. , Kourda N. , Belhadj Hmida N. , Abdeladhim M. , Karoui O. , Ben Osman A. , Mokni M. , Louzir H. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAuto‐reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a key role in the progressive loss or destruction of melanocytes in vitiligo but the mechanism underlying the loss of self‐tolerance is unknown. A deregulation of regulatory T‐cell biology has recently been suggested. The analysis of the suppressive effects of peripheral T regulatory cells in vitiligo patients revealed a functional defect in seven of 15 cases. This defect was strongly correlated with disease activity. The evaluation of the percentage of peripheral regulatory T lymphocytes did not reveal any intrinsic quantitative defect. Yet, a decrease in the percentage of such cells was noted in patients with progressive forms, suggesting a recruitment of regulatory T cells from the peripheral blood to the site of injury. This was further corroborated by the significant increase of Forkhead box P3 expression in the vitiliginous skin of patients. Our data support the involvement of a functional defect of peripheral regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and open new possibilities to advance therapeutic approaches.
The Asymmetry: A Solution
Authors: ROBERTS MELINDA A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Asymmetry consists of two claims. (A) That a possible person's life would be abjectly miserable –less than worth living – counts against bringing that person into existence. But (B) that a distinct possible person's life would be worth living or even well worth living does not count in favour of bringing that person into existence. In recent years, the view that the two halves of the Asymmetry are jointly untenable has become increasingly entrenched. If we say all persons matter morally whether they exist or not and on that basis try to explain the first half of the Asymmetry, we lose the second half of the Asymmetry. If we say that some persons do not matter morally and some do and on that basis try to explain the second half of the Asymmetry, we lose the first half of the Asymmetry – or else find ourselves with a principle that is either inconsistent or otherwise deeply troubled in some way that has nothing to do with the content of the Asymmetry itself. In this article, I propose an alternative approach to the Asymmetry which I will call Variabilism. By understanding each and every person, whether existing or not, to matter morally but variably– such that the moral significance of any loss incurred by any person is considered to depend, not on who incurs that loss and whether that person matters morally, but rather on where that loss is incurred in relation to the person who incurs it – we can both nicely ground the two halves of the Asymmetry and avoid the conceptual difficulties that have plagued competing approaches.
Detecting deception in second‐language speakers
Authors: Da Silva Cayla S. , Leach Amy‐May 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. We examined whether language proficiency had an impact on lie detection.Methods. We collected video footage of 30 targets who spoke English as their native or second language and who lied or told the truth about a transgression. Undergraduate students (N = 51) then judged the veracity of these 30 clips and indicated how confident they were in their ratings.Results. Participants were more confident when judging native‐language truth‐tellers than second‐language truth‐tellers. In addition, participants were more likely to exhibit a truth‐bias when observing native‐language speakers, whereas they were more likely to exhibit a lie‐bias when viewing second‐language speakers.Conclusions. Given the difficulties and biases associated with second‐language lie detection, further research is needed.
Effect of Temperature Gradients on the Propagation of Elastoplastic
Waves
Authors: Francis P. H. , Lindholm U. S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In this paper, the writers consider the problem of the propagation of an extensional elastoplastic wave through a long thin bar heated at the end to produce a continuously decreasing temperature profile. The temperature distribution is approximated as an exponential function, and the stress-strain curve is considered to be bilinear with temperature-dependent mechanical properties. The problem is formulated and solved numerically by the method of characteristics. Several graphical results are provided, and the effects of the temperature gradient and the mechanical properties are discussed in terms of plastic wave attenuation.
Boundary Effects in Wake Flow
Authors: Liu C. Y. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Analytical solutions are obtained for the problem of boundary effects on the fully developed wake (or cavity) behind an inclined flat plate at an arbitrary angle of attack. The investigation is based on the Helmholtz free-streamline theory. Results are applied to four cases: (a) Blockage in a fixed-wall tunnel, (b) planing on a stream of finite depth, (c) planing toward a waterfall, and (d) flow over a flat plate in a bounded jet. Comparisons with linearized theory and available experimental data are made.
Mechanical and Thermodynamic Considerations of an Assemblage of
Homogeneous Elastic-Plastic States
Authors: Rubin David 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The mechanics and the thermodynamics of plastic deformation are considered in terms of a general assemblage or continuum of elastic, perfectly plastic elements or states. Such models not only match the external mechanical behavior of real materials structures and continua, but they also afford a simple thermodynamic definability. A consideration of the internal behavior shows that the stress-free state has the maximum elastic range. Hardening in the sense of an increasing macroscopic elastic range is accompanied by a release of stored strain energy; the stress-free state always is restorable. This behavior is appropriate for real structures and continua. However, it is precisely these continuum characteristics which make the assemblages inappropriate models of material behavior. Barriers to continuing plastic deformation are required which do exist on the microscale, but lie outside of the scope of the most complex of these thermodynamically well-defined assemblages.
VraSR Two-Component Regulatory System Contributes to
mprF
-Mediated Decreased Susceptibility to Daptomycin in
In Vivo
-Selected Clinical Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Mehta Shrenik , Cuirolo Arabela X. , Plata Konrad B. , Riosa Sarah , Silverman Jared A. , Rubio Aileen , Rosato Roberto R. , Rosato Adriana E. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Daptomycin (DAP) is a new class of cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic highly active against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infections. Proposed mechanisms involve disruption of the functional integrity of the bacterial membrane in a Ca-dependent manner. In the present work, we investigated the molecular basis of DAP resistance in a group of isogenic MRSA clinical strains obtained from patients with
S. aureus
infections after treatment with DAP. Different point mutations were found in the
mprF
gene in DAP-resistant (DR) strains. Investigation of the
mprF
L826F mutation in DR strains was accomplished by inactivation and transcomplementation of either full-length wild-type or mutated
mprF
in DAP-susceptible (DS) strains, revealing that they were mechanistically linked to the DR phenotype. However, our data suggested that
mprF
was not the only factor determining the resistance to DAP. Differential gene expression analysis showed upregulation of the two-component regulatory system
vraSR
. Inactivation of
vraSR
resulted in increased DAP susceptibility, while complementation of
vraSR
mutant strains restored DAP resistance to levels comparable to those observed in the corresponding DR wild-type strain. Electron microscopy analysis showed a thicker cell wall in DR CB5012 than DS CB5011, an effect that was related to the impact of
vraSR
and
mprF
mutations in the cell wall. Moreover, overexpression of
vraSR
in DS strains resulted in both increased resistance to DAP and decreased resistance to oxacillin, similar to the phenotype observed in DR strains. These results support the suggestion that, in addition to mutations in
mprF
,
vraSR
contributes to DAP resistance in the present group of clinical strains.
A novel approach to enhancing hope in patients with advanced cancer: a randomised phase II trial of dignity therapy
Authors: Hall Sue , Goddard Cassie , Opio Diana , Speck Peter W , Martin Pauline , Higginson Irene J 
Published: October 2011

Main objectiveTo assess the ability of dignity therapy to reduce distress in advanced cancer patients.DesignA phase II open-label trial.SettingTwo UK National Health Service trusts.Participants45 adults with advanced cancer.InterventionDignity therapy: a brief palliative care psychotherapy.MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to receive the intervention plus standard care or standard care only (control group). Outcomes were collected at baseline and at 1- and 4-week follow-up.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was dignity-related distress (Palliative Dignity Inventory). Secondary outcomes were hope, anxiety and depression, quality of life, palliative-related outcomes, and self-reported study benefits.Results45/188 (24%) patients responded. 27/45 (60%) participants remained at 1-week and 20/45 (44%) at 4-week follow-up. Baseline levels of distress were low. Groups did not differ in dignity-related distress at any time. An effect on only one secondary outcome was found: the intervention group reported more hope than the control group at both follow-ups. Effect sizes were medium (partial η2=0.20 and 0.15) and the difference was statistically significant at 1-week follow-up (difference in adjusted means 2.55; 95% CI −4.73 to 0.36; p=0.02). The intervention group was more positive than the control group on all the self-reported benefits ratings. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) ranged from 1.34 for feeling that dignity therapy had helped to 0.31 for increasing will to live.ConclusionsThe effects of dignity therapy on people with advanced cancer are encouraging. Further investigation is warranted focusing on distressed patients and those earlier in the palliative care trajectory.Trial register numberISRCTN29868352.
Road runoff and sediment sampling for determining road sediment yield at the watershed scale
Authors: Surfleet Christopher G. , Skaugset Arne E. , Meadows Matthew W. 
Published: October 2011

In this study, we demonstrate that watershed-scale estimates of road sediment production are improved if field measurements of road runoff and sediment production are used in the analysis. We used several techniques to spatially extrapolate measurements of road runoff and sampled sediment: comprehensive road runoff measurements, runoff estimates derived from the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM), and adjustment of the road erosion models WARSEM and SEDMODL2.The sediment yield for the Oak Creek, Oregon, road network based on measured road runoff and sediment was 6.5 tons/year. When DHSVM was used to simulate road runoff, the estimated sediment from roads was similar, 6.9 tons/years. The road sediment production estimated by SEDMODL2 and WARSEM, adjusted with field-measured road runoff and sediment, was 28% and 34% less, respectively, than using the models with the default parameters. When applied to a road network in commercial forest land with frequent road use, the sediment yield estimated by SEDMODL2 and WARSEM without adjustment from field measurements was 480% and 610% higher, respectively, than with adjustments. We found that measuring runoff and sediment from one large storm event (≥1 year recurrence) provided a statistically significant relationship with the annual sediment yield.
Ten-year growth and mortality in young Douglas-fir stands experiencing a range in Swiss needle cast severity
Authors: Maguire Douglas A. , Mainwaring Douglas B. , Kanaskie Alan 
Published: October 2011

Swiss needle cast, a foliar disease caused by the Ascomycete Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii (T. Rohde) Petr., continues to afflict Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in north coastal Oregon. Permanent plots were installed in 1998 to assess growth impacts and monitor disease severity. Gross periodic annual increment was measured for three 2-year growth periods and one 4-year growth period and ranged from 0.37 to 31.74 m3·ha–1·year–1. Foliage retention, defined as the average number of annual needle age classes held by a tree, was also estimated as an index of disease severity. Assuming negligible losses in stands with maximum needle retention (approximately 3.9 years), growth losses in net periodic annual increment reached slightly over 50% in stands with the lowest needle retention (approximately 1 year). Mixed-effects regression models supported a consistent relationship between foliage retention and both gross and net periodic annual increment among the four growth periods. Periodic annual mortality ranged from 0 to 19.12 m3·ha–1·year–1 but was not significantly influenced by Swiss needle cast as measured by average foliage retention. Minimum and maximum foliage retention has fluctuated annually from 1998 to 2008 on the permanent plots, but growth losses at a given level of foliage retention appear to have remained stable. Estimated growth losses are similar to those reported for comparable levels of defoliation by other agents.
Chronic Activation of Wild-Type Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Loss of Cdkn2a Cause Mouse Glioblastoma Formation
Authors: Acquaviva Jaime , Jun Hyun Jung , Lessard Julie , Ruiz Rolando , Zhu Haihao , Donovan Melissa , Woolfenden Steve , Boskovitz Abraham , Raval Ami , Bronson Roderick T. , Pfannl Rolf , Whittaker Charles A. , Housman David E. , Charest Al 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and loss of the tumor suppressors Ink4a/Arf. Efforts at modeling GBM using wild-type EGFR in mice have proven unsuccessful. Here, we present a unique mouse model of wild-type EGFR-driven gliomagenesis. We used a combination of somatic conditional overexpression and ligand-mediated chronic activation of EGFR in cooperation with Ink4a/Arf loss in the central nervous system of adult mice to generate tumors with the histopathologic and molecular characteristics of human GBMs. Sustained, ligand-mediated activation of EGFR was necessary for gliomagenesis, functionally substantiating the clinical observation that EGFR-positive GBMs from patients express EGFR ligands. To gain a better understanding of the clinically disappointing EGFR-targeted therapies for GBM, we investigated the molecular responses to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in this model. Gefitinib treatment of primary GBM cells resulted in a robust apoptotic response, partially conveyed by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling attenuation and accompanied by BIMEL expression. In human GBMs, loss-of-function mutations in the tumor suppressor PTEN are a common occurrence. Elimination of PTEN expression in GBM cells posttumor formation did not confer resistance to TKI treatment, showing that PTEN status in our model is not predictive. Together, these findings offer important mechanistic insights into the genetic determinants of EGFR gliomagenesis and sensitivity to TKIs and provide a robust discovery platform to better understand the molecular events that are associated with predictive markers of TKI therapy. Cancer Res; 71(23); 7198–206. ©2011 AACR.
Cell-Permeable NM23 Blocks the Maintenance and Progression of Established Pulmonary Metastasis
Authors: Lim Junghee , Jang Giyong , Kang Seeun , Lee Guewha , Nga Do Thi Thuy , Phuong Do Thi Lan , Kim Hyuncheol , El-Rifai Wael , Ruley H. Earl , Jo Daewoong 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Occult metastases are a major cause of cancer mortality, even among patients undergoing curative resection. Therefore, practical strategies to target the growth and persistence of already established metastases would provide an important advance in cancer treatment. Here, we assessed the potential of protein therapy using a cell permeable NM23-H1 metastasis suppressor protein. Hydrophobic transduction domains developed from a screen of 1,500 signaling peptide sequences enhanced the uptake of the NM23 protein by cultured cells and systemic delivery to animal tissues. The cell-permeable (CP)-NM23 inhibited metastasis-associated phenotypes in tumor cell lines, blocked the establishment of lung metastases, and cleared already established pulmonary metastases, significantly prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing animals. Therefore, these results establish the potential use of cell-permeable metastasis suppressors as adjuvant therapy against disseminated cancers. Cancer Res; 71(23); 7216–25. ©2011 AACR.
New Observation of Electrocardiogram During Sinus Rhythm on the Atriofascicular and Decremental Atrioventricular Pathways
Authors: Liao Zili , Ma Jian , Hu Jiqiang , Yang Qian , Zhang Shu 
Published: October 2011

Background—
Atriofascicular and decremental atrioventricular pathways are variants of accessory pathways with anterograde decremental conduction properties. They result in typical wide Quantronic Resonance System (QRS) tachycardia of left bundle branch block morphology. Data on the sinus rhythm electrocardiographic characteristics are limited.

Methods and Results—
Thirty patients with accessory pathways of anterograde decremental conduction properties were studied retrospectively (10 atriofascicular pathways and 20 decremental atrioventricular pathways). All patients had a pre-excited atrioventricular tachycardia with anterograde conduction over anterograde decrementally conducting fiber. Eighteen patients fulfilled criteria of minimal pre-excitation during sinus rhythm before ablation. In 10 patients (33%), delta wave was absent, and the only abnormality was terminal QRS slurring or notching on the ECG. It was mainly in leads I, V5, and V6. After ablation, terminal QRS slurring or notching disappeared in all 10 patients. We also did a survey in a control group comprised of 200 subjects without structural heart disease who were matched for age and sex. Terminal QRS slurring or notching was found in 3%.

Conclusions—
This study showed a high prevalence of terminal QRS slurring or notching in patients with atriofascicular or decremental atrioventricular pathways. It can be the sole manifestation of such accessory pathways during sinus rhythm, and disappearance of terminal slurring or notching can be the only hallmark of successful ablation visible on the surface ECG.
Comparison of Water-Related Land Cover Types in Six 1-km Global Land Cover Datasets
Authors: Nakaegawa Tosiyuki 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Land cover classification is a fundamental and vital activity that is helpful for understanding natural dynamics and the human impacts of land surface processes. Available multiple 1-km global land cover datasets have been compared to identify classification accuracy and uncertainties for vegetation land cover types, but they have not been adequately compared for water-related land cover types. Six 1-km global land cover datasets were comprehensively examined by focusing on three water-related land cover types (snow and ice, wetlands, and open water). The global mean per-pixel agreement measured by the class-specific consistency is high for snow and ice, medium for open water, and low for wetlands. The agreement is low for snow and ice in low latitudes and high for open water and snow and ice in high latitudes. Areas classified as wetlands in a pixel in one dataset are rarely classified as wetlands in the same pixel in the other five datasets. These areas are most often classified as forest, wetland, or shrub. Areas of snow and ice and open water in some regions are not always chronologically consistent among the datasets because nonsatellite data and different algorithms are used to determine the areas. Further research is necessary to reduce uncertainty in the water-related land cover classification and to develop an advanced classification algorithm that can detect water under a vegetation canopy for improvement in wetland classification. Chronological inconsistency between 1-km land cover datasets and satellite observation periods must also be addressed.