bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correspondence of classifications between parents of children with cerebral palsy aged 2 to 6 years and therapists using the Gross Motor Function Classification System
Authors: JEWELL ASHLYN T , STOKES ASHLEY I , BARTLETT DOREEN J 
Published: December 2010

Aim  The aim of this study was to determine the agreement and reliability of parent report using a lay version of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) among children with cerebral palsy in the two youngest age bands.Method  Data were obtained from the Canadian section of the Movement and Participation in Life Activities of Young Children study database. One hundred and thirty‐two parents of two groups of children participated: children aged 2 to 4 years (35 males, 26 females; mean age 3y 2mo; SD 5mo) and children aged 4 to 6 years (39 males, 32 females; mean age 4y 11mo; SD 6mo) at the final data collection point. Therapists classified motor function using the GMFCS and parents used the GMFCS Family Report Questionnaire, with parents and therapists being masked to the others’ responses. Agreement between respondents was determined using precise agreement and Cohen’s unweighted kappa statistic. Reliability between respondents was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results  Overall, precise agreement was 77%, chance‐corrected agreement was κ=0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.79), and reliability was ICC=0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.96).Interpretation  These values indicate substantial agreement and reliability between parents of children aged 2 to 6 years and therapists. Some parents had a tendency to rate their children as more functionally limited than did therapists, leading us to question whose the true criterion standard’ rating should be.
Spontaneous periodic hypothermia and hyperhidrosis: a possibly novel cerebral neurotransmitter disorder
Authors: RODRIGUES MASRUHA MARCELO , LIN JAIME , ARITA JULIANA HARUMI , DE CASTRO NETO EDUARDO FERREIRA , SCERNI DÉBORA AMADO , CAVALHEIRO ESPER ABRÃO , MAZZACORATTI MARIA DA GRAÇA NAFFAH , VILANOVA LUIZ CELSO PEREIRA 
Published: December 2010

Spontaneous periodic episodes of hypothermia still defy medical knowledge. In 1969, Shapiro et al. described the first two cases of spontaneous periodic hypothermia associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Recently, Dundar et al. reported a case of spontaneous periodic hypothermia and hyperhidrosis without corpus callosum agenesis, suggesting that the periodic episodes of hypothermia might be of epileptiform origin. Here we describe two paediatric patients with spontaneous periodic hypothermia without corpus callosum agenesis and demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, altered levels of neurotransmitter metabolites within the cerebrospinal fluid.
Novel Glass Formation in the Ca–Si–Al–O–N–F System
Authors: Hanifi Amir Reza , Pomeroy Michael J. , Hampshire Stuart 
Published: December 2010

Ca–Si–Al–O–N–F glass formation regions have been mapped on 6Ca2+–3Si4+–4Al3+ternary diagrams at fixed O:N:F of 79:20:1 and 75:20:5 (in eq%). For both fluorine contents, glass formation regions extend toward more Ca‐rich compositions at 1650°C compared with the Ca–Si–Al–O–N system at 1700°C. Ca–Si–Al–O–N–F melting temperatures are 150°–800°C lower than equivalent Ca–Si–Al–O compositions due to fluorine incorporation into the melt. Si‐rich compositions, with both 1 and 5 eq% F, form porous glasses due to loss of SiF4.Reaction mechanisms were studied by firing two compositions (0 or 5 eq% F) with identical cation ratios in the range of 900°–1650°C at 100°C intervals and following phase development using X‐ray diffraction. For Ca–Si–Al–O–N compositions, initial liquid formation occurs at >1200°C with complete dissolution of Si3N4at 1300°C. For Ca–Si–Al–O–N–F compositions, reactions occur at lower temperatures with Si3N4dissolution at 1200°C. At 20 eq% N, glasses with maximum fluorine content of ∼7 eq% were obtained. At 5 eq% F, the solubility limit for N is ∼25 eq%. At 1 eq% F, the maximum nitrogen content can be substantially increased to 40 eq% N. Incorporation of both nitrogen and fluorine in Ca–Si–Al–O glasses extends glass formation regions through combinations of lower melting temperatures (fluorine) and higher viscosities (nitrogen).
Patient Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Mandibular Two‐Implant Overdentures Using Different Attachment Systems: 5‐Year Outcomes
Authors: Al‐Zubeidi Mohammed I. , Alsabeeha Nabeel H.M. , Thomson W. Murray , Payne Alan G.T. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTBackground: Different attachment systems for mandibular two‐implant overdentures could influence levels of patient satisfaction. Positive consensus of the majority of patients being satisfied does not preclude the possibility of dissatisfaction for some.Purpose: To evaluate patient satisfaction before and after 5 years of wearing mandibular two‐implant overdentures using different attachment systems.Materials and Methods: A total of 106 edentulous participants enrolled in a clinical trial completed a preliminary self‐report inventory of their original complete denture complaints. New complete maxillary dentures and mandibular two‐implant overdentures were provided to each participant using one of six different attachment systems. Patient satisfaction was determined at pretreatment; at baseline with mandibular two‐implant overdenture insertion; and then annually for 5 years, using visual analogue and Likert‐type scales.Results: Patient satisfaction with mandibular two‐implant overdentures at baseline was significantly improved in all domains compared to pretreatment (old dentures) and sustained up to the 5‐year recall. The level of satisfaction with Straumann gold alloy matrices at 5 years was significantly lower than that with other attachment systems. Highly significant differences were found with some social and psychological aspects by the fifth year compared to baseline. Diagnostic and prognostic indicators from a pretreatment inventory identified 12 participants (13.5%) who were dissatisfied. These indicators revealed a maladaptive predisposition to mandibular two‐implant overdentures.Conclusions: A mandibular two‐implant overdenture (opposing a conventional complete maxillary denture) will improve patient satisfaction, regardless of the attachment system. Careful evaluation of pretreatment complaints with conventional dentures can possibly identify patient dissatisfaction with mandibular two‐implant overdentures.
Two‐stage Hydrolysis of Invasive Algal Feedstock for Ethanol FermentationF
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Xianhua , Wang Guangyi 
Published: December 2010

Abstract The overall goal of this work was to develop a saccharification method for the production of third generation biofuel (i.e. bioethanol) using feedstock of the invasive marine macroalga Gracilaria salicornia. Under optimum conditions (120 °C and 2% sulfuric acid for 30 min), dilute acid hydrolysis of the homogenized invasive plants yielded a low concentration of glucose (4.1 mM or 4.3 g glucose/kg fresh algal biomass). However, two‐stage hydrolysis of the homogenates (combination of dilute acid hydrolysis with enzymatic hydrolysis) produced 13.8 g of glucose from one kilogram of fresh algal feedstock. Batch fermentation analysis produced 79.1 g EtOH from one kilogram of dried invasive algal feedstock using the ethanologenic strain Escherichia coli KO11. Furthermore, ethanol production kinetics indicated that the invasive algal feedstock contained different types of sugar, including C5‐sugar. This study represents the first report on third generation biofuel production from invasive macroalgae, suggesting that there is great potential for the production of renewable energy using marine invasive biomass.
Are Th17 Cells an Appropriate New Target in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Authors: Kato Hiroshi , Fox David A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTh17 cells play crucial roles not only in host defense but also in many human autoimmune diseases and corresponding animal models. Although many of the fundamental principles regarding Th17 biology have been rapidly elucidated in mice, there remain numerous controversies regarding the differentiation, plasticity, and pathogenicity of human Th17 cells. In this review, we consider these open questions in comparison to what has already been clarified in mice, and discuss the potential impact of discoveries related to the Th17 pathway on the development of new therapeutic strategies in Th17 driven autoimmune diseases, specifically rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 319–326
A Study of The Relationship between The Interleukin‐6 Gene and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Larkin Emma K. , Patel Sanjay R. , Zhu Xiaofeng , Tracy Russell P. , Jenny Nancy S. , Reiner Alex P. , Walston Jeremy , Redline Susan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBecause obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, we examined the relationship between OSA and polymorphisms for interleukin‐6 (IL6). Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within IL6 were genotyped in 259 African Americans from the Cleveland Family Study with replication conducted in the Cardiovascular Health Study (n= 124). OSA was dichotomized into apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > 15, or on treatment versus absent: AHI < 5. Logistic regression was conducted, adjusting for age and sex in models with and without body mass index (BMI). SNP IL6–6021 was associated with a decreased risk of OSA after adjusting for BMI (Odds Ratio for T allele 0.24, 95%CI [0.09–0.67], p= 0.006, q= 0.07) under an additive model. This same allele was associated with increased BMI. The results from the replication sample were consistent in direction though not statistically significant (p= 0.23). The SNPs were studied in European‐ Americans, although, the minor allele frequency in IL6–6021 was too low (4%) for meaningful comparisons. A synonymous SNP within the IL6 coding region was protective of OSA in African Americans; with qualitatively similar findings observed in another cohort. This suggests that variants in IL6 may influence the risk of OSA in a pathway that is not explained by obesity. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 337–339
Enigmatic Role of Lipoprotein(a) in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Anuurad Erdembileg , Enkhmaa Byambaa , Berglund Lars 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLipoprotein (a), [Lp(a)] has many properties in common with low‐density lipoprotein, (LDL) but contains a unique protein apolipoprotein(a), linked to apolipoprotein B‐100 by a single disulfide bond. There is a substantial size heterogeneity of apo(a), and generally smaller apo(a) sizes tend to correspond to higher plasma Lp(a) levels, but this relation is far from linear, underscoring the importance to assess allele‐specific apo(a) levels. The presence of apo(a), a highly charged, carbohydrate‐rich, hydrophilic protein may obscure key features of the LDL moiety and offer opportunities for binding to vessel wall elements. Recently, interest in Lp(a) has increased because studies over the past decade have confirmed and more robustly demonstrated a risk factor role of Lp(a) for cardiovascular disease. In particular, levels of Lp(a) carried in particles with smaller size apo(a) isoforms are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Other studies suggest that proinflammatory conditions may modulate risk factor properties of Lp(a). Further, Lp(a) may act as a preferential acceptor for proinflammatory oxidized phospholipids transferred from tissues or from other lipoproteins. However, at present only a limited number of agents (e.g., nicotinic acid and estrogen) has proven efficacy in lowering Lp(a) levels. Although Lp(a) has not been definitely established as a cardiovascular risk factor and no guidelines presently recommend intervention, Lp(a)‐lowering therapy might offer benefits in subgroups of patients with high Lp(a) levels. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 327–332
Variants in Genes Involved in Functional Pathways Associated with Hypertension in African Americans
Authors: Martinez Cantarin Maria P. , Ertel Adam , Deloach Stephanie , Fortina Paolo , Scott Kathryn , Burns Trudy L. , Falkner Bonita 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEssential hypertension (HBP) is a complex trait with a substantial heritable component. The purpose of this study was to determine if variants in the G‐protein coupled receptor Kinase‐4 (GRK4), nitric oxide synthase‐3 (NOS3), or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genes are associated singly or through complex interactions, with HBP in African Americans aged 18–49 years. TaqMan Assays were used for genotyping the GRK4 and NOS3 variants. The ACE I/D variant was obtained by polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis. Allelic association tests were performed for the five markers using PLINK. Logistic regression models were fitted to investigate associations between HBP status and the genetic markers. Multilocus analyses were also conducted. The study included 173 hypertensives and 239 normotensives, with stratification into obese and nonobese groups. The GRK4 A486V variant was negatively associated with HBP in the nonobese group (p= 0.048). The TT/CT genotype of GRK4 A486V was associated with decreased risk for HBP relative to the CC genotype after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (p= 0.028). Individuals having at least one NOS3 A allele and GRK4 R65L genotype GG had odds of HBP of 2.97 relative to GG homozygotes for NOS3 and GRK4 R65L. These results show very modest effects and do not fully replicate previous studies. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 279–286
SCN5A Rare Variants in Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy Decrease Peak Sodium Current Depending on the Common Polymorphism H558R and Common Splice Variant Q1077del
Authors: Cheng Jianding , Morales Ana , Siegfried Jill D. , Li Duanxiang , Norton Nadine , Song Junyao , Gonzalez‐Quintana Jorge , Makielski Jonathan C. , Hershberger Ray E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObtaining functional data with newly identified rare variants increases certainty that the variant identified is relevant for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) causation. Two novel SCN5A rare variants, R222Q and I1835T, segregated with DCM in two families with affected individuals homozygous or heterozygous for the common SCN5A polymorphism H558R. cDNAs with each rare variant were constructed in the common Q1077del or Q1077 splice variant backgrounds with and without the H558R polymorphism and expressed in HEK293 cells. Sodium current (INa) was studied for each using whole‐cell voltage clamp. In the Q1077del background INa densities of R222Q and I1835T were not different from wild type, but the combined variants of R222Q/H558R, I1835T/H558R caused approximately 35% and approximately 30% reduction, respectively, and each showed slower recovery from inactivation. In the Q1077del background R222Q and R222Q/H558R also exhibited a significant negative shift in both activation and inactivation while I1835T/H558R showed a significant negative shift in inactivation that tended to decrease window current. In contrast, expression in the Q1077 background showed no changes in peak INa densities, decay, or recovery from inactivation for R222Q/H558R and I1835T/H558R. We conclude that the biophysical findings, dependent upon common SCN5A variants, provide further evidence that these novel SCN5A rare variants are relevant for DCM. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 287–294
Increasing deaths involving oxycodone, Victoria, Australia, 2000–09
Authors: Rintoul Angela C , Dobbin Malcolm D H , Drummer Olaf H , Ozanne-Smith Joan 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveIn light of an emerging epidemic identified in the United States and Canada, to identify trends in fatal drug toxicity involving oxycodone and the demographic characteristics and indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage of the deceased.Study designPopulation-based observational study in Victoria, Australia.PopulationDecedents whose death was reported to the Victorian Coroner between 2000 and 2009 and where oxycodone was detected.Main outcome measuresAssociation between supply of oxycodone and deaths. Demographic characteristics of decedents. Rate ratios of the rural or metropolitan location and socioeconomic indicators of disadvantage of the deceased.ResultsSupply to Victoria has increased nine-fold from 7.5 mg per capita in 2000 to 67.5 mg per capita in 2009. Detection of oxycodone in deaths reported to the Victorian Coroner has increased from 4 (0.08/100 000 population) in 2000 to 97 (1.78/100 000 population) in 2009—a 21-fold increase in deaths. Of the 320 cases described, 53.8% (172) were the result of drug toxicity. Of these, 52.3% were unintentional and 19.8% intentional self-harm; the remaining 27.9% are either still under investigation by the coroner or intent is unknown. Drug toxicity deaths were overrepresented in both rural areas and areas indexed with high levels of disadvantage.ConclusionsThe substantial increase in the number of deaths involving oxycodone is strongly and significantly associated with the increase in supply. Most drug toxicity deaths involving oxycodone were unintentional. This newly identified trend in fatalities in Victoria supports concerns that a pattern of increasing deaths involving oxycodone is emerging globally.
Cardiac autonomic dysfunction from occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Lee Mi-Sun , Magari Shannon , Christiani David C 
Published: December 2010

ObjectivesExposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with cardiopulmonary mortality and cardiovascular events. This study investigated the association between a biological marker of PAH exposure, assessed by urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), and heart-rate variability in an occupational cohort of boilermakers.MethodsContinuous 24 h monitoring of the ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) and pre- and postshift urinary 1-OHP were repeated over extended periods of the work week. Mixed-effects models were fitted for the 5 min SD of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) in relation to urinary 1-OHP levels pre- and postworkshift on the day they wore the monitor, controlling for potential confounders.ResultsThe authors found a significant decrease in 5 min SDNN during work of −13.6% (95% CI −17.2% to −9.8%) per SD (0.53 μg/g creatinine) increase in the next-morning preshift 1-OHP levels. The magnitude of reduction in 5 min SDNN was largest during the late night period after work and increased with each SD (0.46 μg/g creatinine) increase in postshift 1-OHP levels.ConclusionThis is the first report providing evidence that occupational exposure to PAHs is associated with altered cardiac autonomic function. Acute exposure to PAHs may be an important predictor of cardiovascular disease risk in the work environment.
Tungsten in Archean banded iron formation of the former Sherman and Adams mines, Ontario: possible mineralization processes
Authors: Bowins Robert , Crocket James 
Published: December 2010

Anomalous tungsten occurs in Archean banded iron formation from the previous Sherman and Adams mines, Ontario. In Sherman samples from three open pits and one drill core site, with one exception, anomalous tungsten occurred only in the Sherman North pit. Adams mine samples from three pits carried anomalous tungsten in samples of chlorite-rich silicate facies. Statistical evaluation showed that ≥10 ppm tungsten was anomalous with respect to the entire data set. The implications of restricted tungsten distribution, as seen in Sherman occurrences, were evaluated with respect to tungsten mineralization processes. Scenarios considered involve syngenetic, metamorphic, and magmatic-hydrothermal processes. Thermal constraints provided by iron-bearing silicate assemblages and oxygen isotopes attest to contact metamorphism as a potential mechanism for tungsten redistribution within iron formation. However, tungsten of magmatic-hydrothermal origin emplaced as an epigenetic component is considered the essential mineralization process.
Cyclic sedimentation in the Eocene Allenby Formation of south-central British Columbia and the origin of the Princeton Chert fossil beds
Authors: Mustoe George E. 
Published: December 2010

Extensive deposits of Eocene conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and sub-bituminous coal occur within a half-graben at Princeton, British Columbia. These strata comprise ∼2000 m of fluvial sediment interbedded with tephra and volcanic flows. Near the southeast margin of the basin, ∼200 m of rhythmically bedded strata are exposed along the Similkameen River. Cyclic deposition resulted from repeated episodes of hydrologic and topographic change related to seismic activity along the Boundary Fault on the east flank of the Princeton Basin, where Allenby Formation sediments are juxtaposed against metamorphic and metavolcanic rocks of the Upper Triassic Nicola Group. Interbedded carbonaceous shale and tuffaceous sandstone record influxes of distal lahar deposits into a lowland swamp. Coal–breccia transitions originated when debris flows along the scarp carried volcanic debris into adjacent wetlands. Coal–chert rhythmites are inferred to be evidence of hydrologic changes associated with floodplain tilt events that caused lowland to repeatedly alternate between a stagnant pond (“fen”) and a stream-fed lake. During fen stages, peat was silicified in situ from percolation of groundwater carrying silica dissolved from underlying tuffaceous beds. Episodic influxes of stream flow reduced dissolved silica concentrations and caused increases in dissolved oxygen levels. These geochemical changes caused organic matter that accumulated during these conditions of open water circulation to remain unsilicified and susceptible to partial maceration. Diagenesis eventually converted these deposits to alternating beds of sub-bituminous coal intercalated with chert horizons.
Measurement of dynamic properties of stiff specimens using ultrasonic waves
Authors: Khan Zahid , Cascante Giovanni , El Naggar M. Hesham 
Published: December 2010

The measurement of low-strain properties (wave velocity and damping ratio) of geomaterials is affected by equipment-generated delays, coupling of transducers, and wave reflections. This study presents a new technique to measure ultrasonic properties of stiff specimens accurately. Compressional-wave velocities in cylindrical rods of different lengths and materials were measured using different ultrasonic equipment. The error induced by different equipment was below 1% after the measurements were corrected by the equipment time delay. Shear-wave velocities of different materials were measured using ultrasonic transducers (frequency < 1 MHz) and a resonant column device (frequency < 200 Hz). The difference in shear-wave velocities was less than 4%, and the measured values are in agreement with published results for all tested materials. A new methodology based on the first two reflections of the main pulse has been developed to measure the damping ratio of stiff specimens using ultrasonic equipment. The ultrasonic measurements of the damping ratio compare well with resonant column results. A more reliable determination of the dynamic Poisson’s ratio of a cemented sand was achieved using corrected ultrasonic-wave velocities.