bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E supplementation modulates gingival crevicular fluid lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in patients with orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Esenlik Elçin , Nazıroğlu Mustafa , Açıkalın Cahide , Övey Ishak Suat 
Published: November 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of the oxidant and antioxidant changes in orthodontic tooth movement and the effects of vitamin E on these parameters. For this purpose, 50 orthodontic patients (aged 13–18 years) required non‐extracted treatment were divided randomly into the following groups: Control and Vitamin E. Same pre‐adjusted appliances were applied to all patients, and vitamin E (300 mg day−1) was given during 1 month in vitamin E group. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected and periodontal indexes were recorded at the baseline and after 1 month. Lipid peroxidation (LP) levels as malonyldialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), vitamin C and E levels were measured in the anterior and posterior regions of the dentition. After 1 month, orthodontic treatment LP levels increased in control group in both anterior and posterior regions in vitamin E group. LP levels also increased in vitamin E group in only posterior region. The level of GSH and vitamin C did not change statistically in control and vitamin E groups. Periodontal indexes did not show any differences in comparison with the groups.In conclusion, we observed protective role of vitamin E on LP levels in anterior region of patients with orthodontic tooth movement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of a Tat Substrate and a Tat Signal Peptide with Thylakoid Lipids at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Kerth Andreas , Brehmer Tina , Meister Annette , Hanner Peter , Jakob Mario , Klösgen Ralf Bernd , Blume Alfred 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Tat machinery enables folded proteins to be translocated across biological membranes. In vitro studies have shown that Tat substrates can interact with membranes prior to translocation. In this study we investigated the initial states of this interaction with thylakoid lipid monolayers at the air–water interface by using monolayer techniques combined with infrared reflection‐absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). We used enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a model substrate and the signal peptide SP16 from the 16 kDa protein of the spinach oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC16). We found that the signal peptide is essential for the interaction of the model substrate with lipid monolayers. IRRA spectroscopy showed an increased amount of α‐helical secondary structure elements for the chimeric model substrate i16/EGFP (SP16 fused to EGFP) compared with EGFP; this can be attributed to the signal peptide.
A Comprehensive Method for Fractionating Soil Organic Matter Not Protected and Protected from Decomposition by Physical and Chemical Mechanisms
Authors: Plaza César , Fernández José M. , Pereira Engil I. P. , Polo Alfredo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe objective of this work was to describe a method for isolating meaningful and measurable soil organic matter (SOM) pools that differ in the mechanisms by which they are protected from decomposition. The proposed method is appropriate for soil C stabilization and sequestration studies. Unlike previous fractionation schemes, this procedure allows free SOM located between aggregates (unprotected C pool) and SOM occluded within both macroaggregates and microaggregates (C weakly and strongly protected by physical mechanisms, respectively) to be recovered separately, freed from the soil mineral matrix and the mineral‐associated SOM pool (C pool protected by chemical mechanisms) and thus well suited to advanced chemical characterization by 13C‐NMR. Briefly, free SOM is isolated by an initial density separation. Stable macroaggregates are broken up into stable microaggregates and intra‐macroaggregate SOM, which is then separated by density. Finally, intra‐microaggregate SOM is isolated from mineral‐associated SOM by a third density separation after ultrasonic disruption. The SOM dissolved during the fractionation procedure is also recovered. Results obtained on soil samples with contrasting textures suggested that clay content induces a decrease of the proportion of free organic C and an increase of mineral‐associated organic C content. Free SOM is characterized by a marked presence of undecayed organic material and biologically labile substances, such as carbohydrates and proteins. In contrast, SOM occluded within aggregates, especially within microaggregates, represents a more decomposed fraction, relatively enriched in unsubstituted‐aliphatic material, most probably lipid biopolymers.
LiMn2O4 nanocrystalline electrode materials
Authors: Talik E. , Załóg A. , Skrzypek D. , Guzik A. , Zajdel P. , Michalska M. , Lipińska L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe process of sol‐gel synthesis was applied to obtain the LiMn2O4 nanopowders. The samples were characterized by the following methods: scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SQUID magnetometry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Chemical composition, oxidation state of manganese and magnetic properties were determined. The SEM images showed grains in the form of nanocrystals or larger conglomerates, depending on the synthesis process. From XPS analysis chemical formulas of the examined compounds were determined. Deconvolution of complex Mn3p lines was used to find the ratio of Mn3+/Mn4+. This ratio was observed to depend on the synthesis process. The C1s lines of the measured samples were intense and complex. The results of magnetic measurements and EPR showed the presence of some extra magnetic phases. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Macroevolutionary patterns of bumblebee body size: detecting the interplay between natural and sexual selection
Authors: del Castillo Raúl Cueva , Fairbairn Daphne J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBumblebees and other eusocial bees offer a unique opportunity to analyze the evolution of body size differences between sexes. The workers, being sterile females, are not subject to selection for reproductive function and thus provide a natural control for parsing the effects of selection on reproductive function (i.e., sexual and fecundity selection) from other natural selection. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we explored the allometric relationships among queens, males, and workers in 70 species of bumblebees (Bombus sp.). We found hyperallometry in thorax width for males relative to workers, indicating greater evolutionary divergence of body size in males than in sterile females. This is consistent with the hypothesis that selection for reproductive function, most probably sexual selection, has caused divergence in male size among species. The slope for males on workers was significantly steeper than that for queens on workers and the latter did not depart from isometry, providing further evidence of greater evolutionary divergence in male size than female size, and no evidence that reproductive selection has accelerated divergence of females. We did not detect significant hyperallometry when male size was regressed directly on queen size and our results thus add the genus Bombus to the increasing list of clades that have female‐larger sexual size dimorphism and do not conform to Rensch's rule when analyzed according to standard methodology. Nevertheless, by using worker size as a common control, we were able to demonstrate that bumblee species do show the evolutionary pattern underlying Rensch's rule, that being correlated evolution of body size in males and females, but with greater evolutionary divergence in males.
Ericoid mycorrhizal root fungi and their multicopper oxidases from a temperate forest shrub
Authors: Wurzburger Nina , Higgins Brian P. , Hendrick Ronald L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEricoid mycorrhizal fungi (ERM) may specialize in capturing nutrients from their host's litter as a strategy for regulating nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. In spite of their potential significance, we know little about the structure of ERM fungal communities and the genetic basis of their saprotrophic traits (e.g., genes encoding extracellular enzymes). Rhododendron maximum is a model ERM understory shrub that influences the nutrient cycles of montane hardwood forests in the southern Appalachians (North Carolina, USA). We sampled ERM roots of R. maximum from organic and mineral soil horizons and identified root fungi by amplifying and sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) collected from cultures and clones. We observed 71 fungal taxa on ERM roots, including known symbionts Rhizoscyphus ericae and Oidiodendron maius, putative symbionts from the Helotiales, Chaetothyriales, and Sebacinales, ectomycorrhizal symbionts, and saprotrophs. Supporting the idea that ERM fungi are adept saprotrophs, richness of root‐fungi was greater in organic than in mineral soil horizons. To study the genetic diversity of oxidative enzymes that contribute to decomposition, we amplified and sequenced a portion of genes encoding multicopper oxidases (MCOs) from ERM ascomycetes. Most fungi possessed multiple copies of MCO sequences with strong similarities to known ferroxidases and laccases. Our findings indicate that R. maximum associates with a taxonomically and ecologically diverse fungal community. The study of MCO gene diversity and expression may be useful for understanding how ERM root fungi regulate the cycling of nutrients between the host plant and the soil environment.
Electron detachment dissociation of fluorescently labeled sialylated oligosaccharides
Authors: Zhou Wen , Håkansson Kristina 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe explored the application of electron detachment dissociation (EDD) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) tandem mass spectrometry to fluorescently labeled sialylated oligosaccharides. Standard sialylated oligosaccharides and a sialylated N‐linked glycan released from human transferrin were investigated. EDD yielded extensive glycosidic cleavages and cross‐ring cleavages in all cases studied, consistently providing complementary structural information compared with infrared multiphoton dissociation. Neutral losses and satellite ions such as C−2H ions were also observed following EDD. In addition, we examined the influence of different fluorescent labels. The acidic label 2‐aminobenzoic acid (2‐AA) enhanced signal abundance in negative‐ion mode. However, few cross‐ring fragments were observed for 2‐AA‐labeled oligosaccharides. The neutral label 2‐aminobenzamide (2‐AB) resulted in more cross‐ring cleavages compared with 2‐AA‐labeled species, but not as extensive fragmentation as for native oligosaccharides, likely resulting from altered negative charge locations from introduction of the fluorescent tag.
Rocking isolation of low‐rise frame structures founded on isolated footings
Authors: Gelagoti F. , Kourkoulis R. , Anastasopoulos I. , Gazetas G. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThis paper explores the effectiveness of a new approach to foundation seismic design. Instead of the present practice of over‐design, the foundations are intentionally under‐dimensioned so as to uplift and mobilize the strength of the supporting (stiff) soil, in the hope that they will thus act as a rocking–isolation mechanism, limiting the inertia transmitted to the superstructure, and guiding plastic ‘hinging’ into soil and the foundation–soil interface. An idealized simple but realistic one‐bay two‐story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame serves as an example to compare the two alternatives. The problem is analyzed employing the finite element method, taking account of material (soil and superstructure) and geometric (uplifting and P–Δ effects) nonlinearities. The response is first investigated through static pushover analysis. It is shown that the axial forces N acting on the footings and the moment to shear (M/Q) ratio fluctuate substantially during shaking, leading to significant changes in footing moment‐rotation response. The seismic performance is explored through dynamic time history analyses, using a wide range of unscaled seismic records as excitation. It is shown that although the performance of both alternatives is acceptable for moderate seismic shaking, for very strong seismic shaking exceeding the design, the performance of the rocking‐isolated system is advantageous: it survives with no damage to the columns, sustaining non‐negligible but repairable damage to its beams and non‐structural elements (infill walls, etc.). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An accurate anisotropic adaptation method for solving the level set advection equation
Authors: Bui C. , Dapogny C. , Frey P. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIn the present paper, a mesh adaptation process for solving the advection equation on a fully unstructured computational mesh is introduced, with a particular interest in the case it implicitly describes an evolving surface. This process mainly relies on a numerical scheme based on the method of characteristics. However, low order, this scheme lends itself to a thorough analysis on the theoretical side. It gives rise to an anisotropic error estimate which enjoys a very natural interpretation in terms of the Hausdorff distance between the exact and approximated surfaces. The computational mesh is then adapted according to the metric supplied by this estimate. The whole process enjoys a good accuracy as far as the interface resolution is concerned. Some numerical features are discussed and several classical examples are presented and commented in two or three dimensions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reinforcement of calcium phosphate cement by incorporating with high‐strength β‐tricalcium phosphate aggregates
Authors: Gu Tao , Shi Haishan , Ye Jiandong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets to form hydroxyapatite after implantation and has been used in orthopedic and dental procedures. However, the brittleness and low strength of CPC prohibit its use in many stress‐bearing locations, and so the improvement of the compressive strength is one of the focuses of research on CPC. In this study, a novel way was used to improve the mechanical performance of CPC by dispersion of high‐strength degradable β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) granules sized between 200 μm and 450 μm in the cement as aggregates. Intimate bonding was formed between the aggregates and CPC matrix after hydration. The results showed that, by addition of 20 wt % the as‐prepared β‐TCP aggregates, the compressive strength of the calcium phosphate cement was increased by about 70%, while the paste of the CPC concrete still maintained injectable, and the heat release decreased obviously (about 25%) in the hydration process. The high strength or high rigidity of the β‐TCP aggregates and good interfacial bonding between the aggregates and the CPC matrix seemed to contribute to the significant improvement in the mechanical performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 350–359, 2012.
Study on bio‐corrosion and cytotoxicity of a sr‐based bulk metallic glass as potential biodegradable metal
Authors: Li H. F. , Zhao K. , Wang Y. B. , Zheng Y. F. , Wang W.H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, a novel Sr‐based bulk metallic glass (BMG) with nominal composition of Sr40Mg20Zn15Yb20Cu5 (at.%) was fabricated with high‐purity raw materials by induction‐melting method. Its mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and cellular compatibility were studied in vitro as a feasibility evaluation of potential biodegradable metal. The compression strength of Sr40Mg20Zn15Yb20Cu5 alloy was (408.2 ± 20.0) MPa, which was much higher than human bone (164–240 MPa). Its Young's modulus (20.6 ± 0.2) GPa was quite close to human bone (5–23 GPa). MTT assay and PNPP method were employed to measure the proliferation ability and ALP activity of the experimental Sr‐based BMG. The results 0–1 grade cytotoxicity and high ALP activity revealed that it was harmless to osteoblast‐like MG63 cells. Additionally, the cells cultured on the surface of Sr40Mg20Zn15Yb20Cu5 alloy plate exhibited polygonal and dorsal ruffle configuration, and were well attached to the substrate by cellular extension, indicating their healthy status. The combination of increased mechanical strength, greater corrosion resistance, and excellent biocompatibility makes the Sr40Mg20Zn15Yb20Cu5 BMG very attractive material for biodegradable orthopedic implant applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 368–377, 2012.
Study on the enhanced protein adsorption of microwave sintered hydroxyapatite nanoceramic particles: Role of microstructure
Authors: Zhu X. D. , Zhang H.J. , Li D. X. , Fan H. S. , Zhang X. D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCurrently, nanobioceramics have received much attention due to their potentially high biological performance. In the present study, the interactions between proteins and two types of hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic particles with distinct microstructures were studied in vitro. Protein adsorption on the microwave sintered and conventionally sintered HA ceramic particles (named as HAMS and HACS, respectively) were carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF) containing model proteins or rat serum and then subjected to protein quantitative evaluation, SDS‐PAGE, and Western blotting analysis. The ceramic particles were characterized by nitrogen sorption, Hg penetration, zeta potential, and solubility analysis. It was found that HAMS with nanosized crystallites had greater specific surface area and pore volume and wider pore size distribution ranging from 0.02 to 2 μm than HACS. Although bovine serum albumin and lysozyme have different electrical properties in SBF, both the model proteins showed higher adsorption amounts per gram solid on HAMS than HACS, as could be ascribed to the contribution of the micropores structure of HAMS. Similarly, HAMS adsorbed more serum proteins per gram solid than HACS when incubating in rat serum, and here the surfaces of both particles were almost completely covered by serum proteins, leading to almost the same protein adsorption amounts per unit area solid of HAMS and HACS. SDS‐PAGE patterns proved that HA ceramic particles had different binding capacities for different serum proteins and was not highly dependent on the concentrations of the competing protein components present in rat serum. Western blotting analysis confirmed the enhanced adsorption of fibronectin and vitronectin on HAMS, indicating that HAMS might have better bioactivity than HACS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 516–523, 2012.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel dental monomer with branched aromatic carboxylic acid group
Authors: Park Jonggu , Ye Qiang , Singh Viraj , Kieweg Sarah L. , Misra Anil , Spencer Paulette 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new glycerol‐based dimethacrylate monomer with an aromatic carboxylic acid, 2‐((1,3‐bis(methacryloyloxy)propan‐2‐yloxy)carbonyl)benzoic acid (BMPB), was synthesized, characterized, and proposed as a possible dental co‐monomer for dentin adhesives. Dentin adhesives containing 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl]propane (BisGMA) in addition to BMPB were formulated with water at 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt % to simulate wet, oral conditions, and photo‐polymerized. Adhesives were characterized with regard to viscosity, real‐time photopolymerization behavior, dynamic mechanical analysis, and microscale 3D internal morphologies and compared with HEMA/BisGMA controls. When formulated under wet conditions, the experimental adhesives showed lower viscosities (0.04–0.07 Pa s) as compared to the control (0.09–0.12 Pa s). The experimental adhesives showed higher glass transition temperature (146–157°C), degree of conversion (78–89%), and rubbery moduli (33–36 MPa), and improved water miscibility (no voids) as compared to the controls (123–135°C, 67–71%, 15–26 MPa, and voids, respectively). The enhanced properties of these adhesives suggest that BMPB with simple, straightforward synthesis is a promising photocurable co‐monomer for dental restorative materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 569–576, 2012.
Taiwanese Cruise Tourist Behavior during Different Phases of Experience
Authors: Juan Pin‐Ju , Chen Hui‐Mei 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThis study examined the influences on the decisions and experiences of Taiwanese cruise tourists during different phases of leisure experience. The study results demonstrated that trip price and duration were the two main influences on tourist decisions during the anticipation phase of planning their trip. During the on‐site experience phase, the determinants of tourist reasons for using different services during their cruise varied. Notably, price only slightly influenced total tourist satisfaction and re‐purchase intention during the recollection phase, whereas service quality exerted a major influence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biobrane in the management of critical microsurgical wounds of the upper extremity
Authors: Ahuja Naveen K. , Datiashvili Ramazi O. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose:Evolving soft tissue necrosis and/or edema can complicate microsurgical reconstruction by leading to open wounds with exposure of critical structures: anastamosed vessels, nerves, and tendons. Not infrequently, primary closure of these wounds is not possible. Immediate skin grafting may lead to anatomical and/or functional failure of reconstructed structures, compromising immediate or long‐term functional outcomes. In addition, local tissues are often unavailable, and free tissue transfer in those settings could be ill‐advised, especially for small wounds.Methods:All of the senior author's microsurgical cases were reviewed. Four cases of replantation and one microsurgical reconstruction, where biologic dressings were used to treat critical wounds, were identified and are presented in this study along with an algorithm for the management of these types of wounds.Results:Biologic dressings are simple, effective, and reliable tools for intermediate treatment of critical microsurgical wounds. Flap or replant viability was preserved in 100% of cases without compromising functional results.Conclusions:Biologic dressings can be used safely to treat microsurgical wounds with exposed critical structures. This use of a biologic dressing greatly simplifies the management of these types of wounds, avoiding the need for complex surgical intervention. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Quality assessment of observational studies in psychiatry: an example from perinatal psychiatric research
Authors: Ross L. E. , Grigoriadis S. , Mamisashvili L. , Koren G. , Steiner M. , Dennis C.‐L. , Cheung A. , Mousmanis P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn perinatal psychiatry, randomized controlled trials are often not feasible on ethical grounds. Many studies are observational in nature, while others employ large databases not designed primarily for research purposes. Quality assessment of the resulting research is complicated by a lack of standardized tools specifically for this purpose. The aim of this paper is to describe the Systematic Assessment of Quality in Observational Research (SAQOR), a quality assessment tool our team devised for a series of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of evidence‐based literature regarding risks and benefits of antidepressant medication during pregnancy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.