bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating until feeling full and rapid eating both increase metabolic risk factors in Japanese men and women
Authors: Hsieh Shiun Dong , Muto Takashi , Murase Toshio , Tsuji Hiroshi , Arase Yasuji 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between eating behaviour and metabolic risk in the broader population.DesignThe association between metabolic risk factors (overweight, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL cholesterol, hyperuricaemia and fatty liver) and various eating behaviours were compared for four groups defined by subjective reporting: not eating until feeling full and not eating rapidly (G1); eating until feeling full only (G2); eating rapidly only (G3); and eating both rapidly and until feeling full (G4).SettingA medical centre for health examinations in Tokyo, Japan.SubjectsMen (n 8240) and women (n 2955) who underwent health examinations.ResultsThe distribution of participants in G1 to G4 was 49·8 %, 11·5 %, 26·3 % and 12·4 % among men and 55·3 %, 15·0 %, 19·0 % and 10·7 % among women, respectively. Compared with G1, the age-adjusted OR (95 % CI) for overweight were significantly higher in G2 to G4, being respectively 1·85 (1·58, 2·17), 1·98 (1·76, 2·23) and 3·46 (2·99, 4·01) for men and 2·20 (1·62, 2·97), 2·59 (1·97, 3·39) and 3·12 (2·27, 4·26) for women. The age-adjusted OR were also significantly higher for hypertriacylglycerolaemia, hyperuricaemia and fatty liver in G2 and for all risks in G3 and G4 among men; and for hyperuricaemia in G2, for hyperglycaemia, hypertriacylglycerolaemia and fatty liver in G3 and for hypertriacylglycerolaemia and fatty liver in G4 among women.ConclusionsBoth eating until feeling full and eating rapidly increase metabolic risk factors. Although the mechanism between rapid eating and metabolic risk requires further exploration, eating slowly and ending meals shortly before feeling full are important public health messages for reducing metabolic risk factors.
A PRIMAL-DUAL INTERIOR-POINT ALGORITHM BASED ON A NEW KERNEL FUNCTION
Authors: CHO G. M. , CHO Y. Y. , LEE Y. H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe propose a new primal-dual interior-point algorithm based on a new kernel function for linear optimization problems. New search directions and proximity functions are proposed based on the kernel function. We show that the new algorithm has$\mathcal {O}(\sqrt {n} \log n \log ({n}/{\epsilon }))$and$\mathcal {O}(\sqrt {n}\log ({n}/{\epsilon }))$iteration bounds for large-update and small-update methods, respectively, which are currently the best known bounds for such methods.
Spectral identification of diffuse resonances in H2 above the n = 2 dissociation limit
Authors: Ivanov T. I. , de Lange C. A. , Ubachs W. 
Published: February 2011

The resonance structure in molecular hydrogen above the n = 2 dissociation limit is experimentally investigated in a 1 XUV + 1 VIS coherent two-step laser excitation process, with subsequent ionization of H(n = 2) products. Diffuse spectral features exhibiting widths of several cm−1 in the excitation range of 118 500–120 500 cm−1 are probed. Information on angular momentum selection rules for parallel and crossed polarizations, combination differences, the para–ortho distinction, extrapolation from rovibrational structure in the bound region below the n = 2 threshold, and mass-selective detection of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm H}_2^+$\end{document}H2+ parent and H+ daughter fragments is used as input. This allows for an assignment of the diffuse resonances observed in terms of 1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\Sigma _g^+$\end{document}Σg+, 1Πg, and 1Δg states, specified with vibrational and rotational quantum numbers.
International Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Pyelonephritis in Women: A 2010 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Gupta Kalpana , Hooton Thomas M. , Naber Kurt G. , Wullt Björn , Colgan Richard , Miller Loren G. , Moran Gregory J. , Nicolle Lindsay E. , Raz Raul , Schaeffer Anthony J. , Soper David E. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
A Panel of International Experts was convened by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in collaboration with the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) to update the 1999 Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection Guidelines by the IDSA. Co-sponsoring organizations include the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Urological Association, Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases–Canada, and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. The focus of this work is treatment of women with acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis, diagnoses limited in these guidelines to premenopausal, non-pregnant women with no known urological abnormalities or co-morbidities. The issues of in vitro resistance prevalence and the ecological adverse effects of antimicrobial therapy (collateral damage) were considered as important factors in making optimal treatment choices and thus are reflected in the rankings of recommendations.
Fast solution of geophysical inversion using adaptive mesh, space-filling curves and wavelet compression
Authors: Davis Kristofer , Li Yaoguo 
Published: February 2011

Summary
Many geophysical inverse problems involve large and dense coefficient matrices that often exceed the limitations of physical memory in commonly available computers. The repeated multiplications of such matrices to vectors during processing or inversion require an immense amount of computing power. These two factors pose a significant challenge to solving large-scale inverse problems in practice and can render many realistic problems intractable. To overcome these limitations, we develop a new computational approach for this class of problems by combining an adaptive quadtree or octree model discretization and wavelet transforms on reordered parameter sets. The adaptive mesh discretizes the model region according to the required resolutions based on localized anomalies. Hilbert space-filling curves and similar ordering of the reduced parameter set then enable a higher compression of the coefficient matrix by forming its sparse representation in the 1-D wavelet domain. This combination can reduce the storage requirement by 100 to 1000 times and, therefore, also speeds up the computation during the processing stage by the same factor. As a result, problems can now be solved that were computationally prohibitive. We present the algorithm and illustrate its effectiveness with an example from equivalent source construction in potential-field processing.
THE DIAGENESIS AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE PERMIAN RANGER CANYON AND MOWITCH FORMATIONS, ISHBEL GROUP, FROM THE SOUTHERN CANADIAN ROCKY MOUNTAINS
Authors: RAPSON‐McGUGAN J. E. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe Ranger Canyon and Mowitch Formations are the youngest Permian strata in the Rocky Mountain Front Ranges. They constitute a thin, widespread and clearly defined stratigraphic entity covering approximately 60,000 sq. miles; they occur below Triassic beds and above a major, regional, intra‐Permian unconformity, initiated by a transgression which started in the northwest. Beds of the above entity are therefore diachronous. The erosion surface is overlain by polymict, phosphatic conglomerates containing mature lag gravels and immature breccio‐conglomerates and corrosion breccias.Rock types are either sandstones or silty and sandy cherts, phosphorites and occasionally dolomites. Clastic components are dominantly mature quartz (some pseudomorphs gypsum), phosphate, some feldspar, negligible clay, and stable detrital minerals, necessitating: (1) many cycled, clastic sedimentary rock; (2) local gypsum; and (3) phosphate producing, distributive provinces.Secondary features include primary cementation by quartz, chalcedony, dolomite, sulphate and phosphate, with replacement mainly by chalcedony. Contraction fractures are cemented by quartz (after anhydrite and fluorite), calcite and barite. Accessory authigenic minerals are hematite, sulphates (pseudomorphed by quartz), fluorite, apatite and dolomite. Diagenesis therefore occurred within a chemically active environment.Minerals present indicate: (1) phosphate producing and (2) evaporite producing environments, the components for which may be obtained from sea water by: (a) a biogeochemical phosphate‐fixation cycle; and (b) concentration of brines by interstitial refluxion.A Recent environmental parallel occurs along the coast of Baja, California. Phosphate produced off‐shore contributes to quartz‐rich sediments prograding seawards; evaporitic conditions produce minimum carbonate and maximum sulphate precipitation.The sequence of events envisaged for the Permian rocks started with phosphate corrosion of bed‐rock and cementation of lag gravels; some phosphate was contributed to shoreline, with quartz and gypsum sands, prograding over the basal conglomerate. Sand cementation by carbonate occurred in shoreline and intertidal zones, and by sulphate in the supratidal zones. Concentration of brines by refluxion, and local silica enrichment, facilitated silica precipitation and replacement. Penecontemporaneous silicification of Late Permian sediments was therefore instrumental in their ultimate preservation.
SILICA MINERALS IN THE EARLY STAGE OF DIAGENESIS
Authors: MIZUTANI SHINJIRO 
Published: February 2011

SummaryExperimental investigation shows that amorphous silica is converted into quartz through cristobalite under hydrothermal conditions. The rate of transformation, essentially dependent on the reaction temperature, was studied on the basis of quantitative analyses of quartz in the products, and the variation of quartz content was elucidated by taking the induction period into consideration. The transformation is a consecutive reaction involving two first‐order steps, from amorphous silica to low‐cristobalite and from low‐cristobalite to low‐quartz. Kinetic data such as the rate constants and the energy of activation are obtained.Mineralogical varieties of silica found in siliceous deposits suggest that the transformation probably takes place under natural conditions. Younger deposits contain amorphous silica or cristobalite, whereas older ones are invariably composed of quartz. By assuming that the transformation process observed experimentally holds in nature, kinetic data can be estimated. Since the process depends upon the thermal history, it is possible to follow the transformation process for a given model of a thermal history. An example of computed results is compared with the geological evidence, and it is concluded that the mineralogical variation of silica is accounted for by the transformation process.Zonal distribution of silica minerals apparently corresponds to that of zeolite minerals, and the transformation of silica is considered to occur during diagenesis. Evidently, almost all diagenetic facies represent intermediate stages on the way to the ultimate equilibrium. The cristobalite stage described in this paper belongs to one of these stages, and is referable to the early stage of diagenesis. It is suggested that silica minerals can be used as clues to understand a progressive change in diagenesis.
Identification of 11 novel mutations in 49 Korean patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Sohn YB , Ki C‐S , Kim C‐H , Ko A‐R , Yook Y‐J , Lee S‐J , Kim SJ , Park SW , Yeau S , Kwon E‐K , Han SJ , Choi EW , Lee S‐Y , Kim J‐W , Jin D‐K 
Published: February 2011

Sohn YB, Ki C‐S, Kim C‐H, Ko A‐R, Yook Y‐J, Lee S‐J, Kim SJ, Park SW, Yeau S, Kwon E‐K, Han SJ, Choi EW, Lee S‐Y, Kim J‐W, Jin D‐K. Identification of 11 novel mutations in 49 Korean patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II.Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) or Hunter syndrome is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of iduronate‐2‐sulfatase (IDS). As MPS II is X‐linked, patients are usually males with heterogeneous mutations ranging from point mutations to gross deletions and recombination. In 2003, we reported a mutation analysis of 25 patients with MPS II. In this study, 31 mutations in another 49 Korean patients (45 families) with MPS II are reported: 12 missense, nine deletions, four splicing, two nonsense, two insertions, one deletion/insertion, and IDS‐IDS2 recombination mutations. Among these mutations, 11 were novel ones (4 missense mutations: Ser61Pro, Pro97Arg, Pro228Ala, and Pro261Ala; 5 deletions: c.344delA, c.420delG, c.768delT, c.1112delC and c.1402delC; 1 deletion/insertion: c.1222delinsTA; and 1 insertion mutation: c.359_360insATCC). The IDS‐IDS2 recombination mutations were most frequently observed; all patients with this mutation had the severe MPS II phenotype. However, most of the patients (5/7) with the G374G splicing mutation had an attenuated phenotype, except for two sibling cases with the severe phenotype. Except for a few recurrent mutations such as the G374G, R443X, L522P, and recombination mutations, each patient had a unique individual mutation. Therefore, careful interpretation of genotype–phenotype correlations is warranted.
X‐linked dominant Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease with connexin 32 (Cx32) mutations in Koreans
Authors: Kim Y , Choi K‐G , Park KD , Lee KS , Chung KW , Choi B‐O 
Published: February 2011

Kim Y, Choi K‐G, Park KD, Lee KS, Chung KW, Choi B‐O. X‐linked dominant Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease with connexin 32 (Cx32) mutations in Koreans.X‐linked dominant Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMTX) is an inherited peripheral neuropathy, caused mainly by a mutation of connexin 32 (Cx32) gene. We performed a mutation analysis of Cx32 by direct sequencing of the coding sequence, then identified 23 mutations from 28 Korean CMTX families. Nine mutations were not reported previously: Gly5Ser, Ser26fs, Val37Leu, Thr86Ile, Val152fs, Phe153Cys, Asp178X, Ala197Val, and Ile214Asn. The extracellular 2 (EC2) domain of Cx32 protein was the hot spot mutation domain in 44% of Koreans. Transmembrane domain 4 was rarely affected in Koreans (4%), compared with 14% of Europeans. The EC1 and intracellular domain was not affected in Koreans, although they were frequently affected in Europeans. This study revealed that the frequencies of CMTX with Cx32 mutations are specific to different ethnic groups. The frequency of CMTX (5.3%) caused by Cx32 mutation in Koreans is similar to those in Asians but lower than those in Europeans. This study suggests differences between CMTX patients with Cx32 mutations and ethnic background.
Desensitization of depolarization‐mediated contractile pathways does not necessarily regulate receptor‐mediated excitation–contraction coupling in longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum
Authors: Hishinuma Shigeru , Shoji Masaru 
Published: February 2011

Summary1. Activation of Gq protein‐coupled receptors, such as muscarinic M3 and histamine H1 receptors, induces smooth muscle contraction through activation of voltage‐dependent Ca channels.2. To evaluate roles of depolarization‐mediated contractile pathways in the desensitization of receptor‐mediated contraction, we compared the development of carbachol‐induced desensitization to receptor agonists, carbachol and histamine, and to receptor‐bypassed stimulation of voltage‐dependent Ca channels with depolarizing high K in longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum.3. Under Ca‐containing physiological conditions, pretreatment with 10−4 mol/L carbachol for 15 s–30 min induced desensitization to carbachol as well as to high K, whereas contractile responses to histamine remained normal.4. In contrast, under Ca‐free conditions containing 0.2 mmol/L EGTA, carbachol pretreatment induced desensitization to high K in a manner similar to that induced under Ca‐containing physiological conditions, whereas contractile responses to carbachol and histamine remained normal.5. Thus, it was shown that contractile responses to carbachol and histamine were not necessarily desensitized, even under conditions where contractile responses to high K were desensitized. These results suggest that desensitization of depolarization‐mediated contractile pathways might not necessarily regulate excitation–contraction coupling through muscarinic M3 and histamine H1 receptors in longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum.
Morphological analysis in agricultural R&D: A technologist's approach to the definition and economic evaluation of technologies
Authors: Spharim Ishai , Ungar Eugene D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe research scientist, the planner, and the R&D manager require a methodology that can compose a wide range of technological options within a realistic production system context and subject these options to a comprehensive, multi‐parameter economic analysis. A technologically‐oriented approach to the generation and ex‐ante assessment of technologies is developed for this purpose in an agricultural R&D context. The approach is based on morphological analysis, in which a production process is defined as a series of tasks each of which can be accomplished by one or more alternative techniques. The model is customized for any specific production system using information provided by technology experts. This information is received in the language of the technologist, structured in a way that promotes an holistic view of the system, and processed to answer the needs of the economic evaluator. The model has been well received by technologists in the analysis of about a dozen diverse R&D projects.
Inventive efficiency: How the U.S. compares with Japan
Authors: Billings B. Anthony , Yaprak Attila 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study argues that inventive (R&D) efficiency may be an important factor in the competition for global market shares and goods and services. The authors compare R&D efficiency for 14 industrial groups in the United States and Japan using multiple indices of inventive efficiency. Findings show interesting differences in inventive efficiency across industrial groups and between the United States and Japan. United States food, textile, chemical, rubber, metals, fabricated metals, and other miscellaneous manufacturing industries appear to be relatively more efficient in inventive efficiency than their Japanese counterparts. In contrast, Japanese paper, petroleum, machinery, and scientific equipment industries display greater inventive efficiency than their United States counterparts. The electrical equipment, transportation, and stone industries in the two countries appear to be equally efficient. The implications of these differences are discussed.
Firm management of scientific information: Some predictors and implications of openness versus secrecy
Authors: McMillan G. Steven , Klavans Richard A. , Hamilton Robert D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a model that seeks to understand and explain R&D performance differences in research‐intensive companies. The primary theoretical model builds on the well‐established theory of science as a public good but augments it with a game‐theoretic argument for individual firm choices of scientific information openness or secrecy. The first research question we address is how a firm's scientific information openness, as measured by its research publications, impacts the firm's stock of technical knowledge. Additionally, we explore two predictor variables of scientific information openness: research lab and top management team demographics. The possible economic effects and other managerial implications of this model are also discussed.
Quantitative targeted absolute proteomics of human blood–brain barrier transporters and receptors
Authors: Uchida Yasuo , Ohtsuki Sumio , Katsukura Yuki , Ikeda Chiemi , Suzuki Takashi , Kamiie Junichi , Terasaki Tetsuya 
Published: February 2011

J. Neurochem.(2011)117, 333–345.AbstractWe have obtained, for the first time, a quantitative protein expression profile of membrane transporters and receptors in human brain microvessels, that is, the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Brain microvessels were isolated from brain cortexes of seven males (16–77 years old) and protein expression of 114 membrane proteins was determined by means of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric quantification method using recently established in‐silico peptide selection criteria. Among drug transporters, breast cancer resistance protein showed the most abundant protein expression (8.14 fmol/μg protein), and its expression level was 1.85‐fold greater in humans than in mice. By contrast, the expression level of P‐glycoprotein in humans (6.06 fmol/μg protein) was 2.33‐fold smaller than that of mdr1a in mice. The organic anion transporters reported in rodent BBB, that is, multidrug resistance‐associated protein, organic anion transporter and organic anion‐transporting polypeptide family members, were under limit of quantification in humans, except multidrug resistance‐associated protein 4 (0.195 fmol/μg protein). Among detected transporters and receptors for endogenous substances, the glucose transporter 1 level was similar to that of mouse, while the L‐type amino acid transporter 1 level was fivefold smaller than that of mouse. These findings should be useful for understanding human BBB function and its differences from that in mouse.
The effects of clear‐felling subalpine coniferous forests on soil physical and chemical properties in the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Pang X. Y. , Bao W. K. , Wu N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEstablishing soil quality changes following clear‐felling is important for guiding the sustainable management of forests. In this study we identified changes after 4, 5, 10 and 17 yr in soil physical and chemical properties from clear‐felling in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. These properties were also compared with those of soil from an adjacent primary forest. The results show that: (i) bulk density at 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layer continuously increased; (ii) soil C and total N in the 0–20 cm soil layer continuously declined following clear‐felling; and (iii) available soil nutrients and exchangeable cations were significantly influenced by clear‐felling. Almost all soil properties showed deteriorating trends within a short time from clear‐felling and subsequent seasonal grazing by cattle. Therefore, improved management is imperative for sustaining soil quality and maintaining the long‐term nutrient balance in clear‐cut stands. The cessation of anthropogenic activities such as grazing should be the main strategy for soil restoration in clear‐felled areas.
Ethnic Context and Immigration Policy Preferences Among Latinos and Anglos*
Authors: Rocha Rene R. , Longoria Thomas , Wrinkle Robert D. , Knoll Benjamin R. , Polinard J. L. , Wenzel James 
Published: February 2011

Objective. We examine how the immigration policy preferences of Anglos and Latinos vary according to ethnic context. Specifically, we hypothesize that immigration policy attitudes are a product of both Latino immigrant and Latino native born group size. In contrast to previous work, which found that Latinos and Anglos react to contextual forces in an identical manner, we argue that Latino group size produces opposite reactions for Anglos and Latinos.Methods. These hypotheses are tested using an original state‐wide survey of Anglos and Latinos in Texas conducted during 2006, which is supplemented with data from the 2000 Census.Results. Our findings show that residing in a heavily Latino area produces more liberal immigration attitudes among Latinos and more conservative attitudes among Anglos. However, this result is driven not by the size of the foreign‐born Latino population, but by the size of the native‐born Latino population.Conclusion. Anti‐immigrant sentiments among Anglos appear to result, at least in part, from ethnic concerns.