bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agriculture and global climate stabilization: a public good analysis
Authors: Quiggin John 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe stabilization of global climate presents one of the most complex problems in public good provision the world has faced. Continuation of “business as usual” policies, leading to warming of more than 2 degrees over the next year, will produce significant damage to agricultural systems and catastrophic damage to the natural ecosystems that ultimately support agriculture. The best solution to the public goods problem is a “contract and converge” agreement in which the ultimate outcome is a common global entitlement to CO2 emissions per person.
Identification of telocytes in the lamina propria of rat duodenum: transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Carmona I. Cantarero , Bartolomé M. J. Luesma , Escribano C. Junquera 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRecently the new term ‘telocytes’ has been proposed for cells formerly known as interstitial Cajal‐like cells. In fact, telocytes are not really Cajal‐like cells, they being different from all other interstitial cells by the presence of telopodes, which are cell‐body prolongations, very thin, extremely long with a moniliform aspect. The identification of these cells is based on ultrastructural criteria. The presence of telocytes in others organs was previously documented. We reported for the first time, an ultrastructural study of telocytes in the lamina propria of rat duodenum. Our findings show that typical telocytes are present in the rat duodenum. Telocytes are located in the lamina propria, immediately below mucosal crypts. Telopodes frequently establish close spatial relationships with immune cells, blood vessels and nerve endings. On the basis of their distribution and morphology, we suggest that these cells may be involved in immune response and in our opinion, it may be possible that different locations of telocytes could be associated with different roles.
Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in Women with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Singh Devita , McMain Shelley , Zucker Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) (and earlier editions), a disturbance in “identity” is one of the defining features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Gender identity, a person’s sense of self as a male or a female, constitutes an important aspect of identity formation, but this construct has rarely been examined in patients with BPD.

Aims
In the present study, the presence of gender identity disorder or confusion was examined in women diagnosed with BPD.

Main Outcome Measures
We used a validated dimensional measure of gender dysphoria. Recalled gender identity and gender role behavior from childhood was also assessed with a validated dimensional measure, and current sexual orientation was assessed by two self-report measures.

Methods
A consecutive series of 100 clinic-referred women (mean age, 34 years) with BPD participated in the study. The women were diagnosed with BPD using the International Personality Disorder Exam-BPD Section.

Results
None of the women with BPD met the criterion for caseness on the dimensional measure of gender dysphoria. Women who self-reported either a bisexual or a homosexual sexual orientation had a significantly higher score on the dimensional measure of gender dysphoria than the women who self-reported a heterosexual sexual orientation, and they also recalled significantly more cross-gender behavior during childhood. Results were compared with a previous study on a diagnostically heterogeneous group of women with other clinical problems.

Conclusion
The importance of psychosexual assessment in the clinical evaluation of patients with BPD is discussed.
Personality Traits and Psychopathology on Male Sexual Dysfunction: An Empirical Study
Authors: Quinta Gomes Ana Luísa , Nobre Pedro 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The importance of the role played by personality variables in the etiology, development, and maintenance of most emotional disorders is strongly supported by empirical data. However, there is a lack of studies concerning the implication of these variables on sexual difficulties.

Aim
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role played by personality dimensions and psychopathology on male sexual functioning as well as to clarify the way these variables discriminate men with and without sexual dysfunction.

Methods
A total of 229 men participated in the study (a community sample composed by 205 men and a clinical sample by 24 men with a DSM-IV diagnosis of sexual dysfunction). The community sample was subdivided into a control group (n = 152) and a subclinical group (n = 53), according to the cutoff scores of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction. After giving informed consent, participants completed a set of clinical instruments. Partial correlations, regression analyses, and multivariate analyses of covariance were conducted.

Main Outcomes Measures
All participants completed a set of measures assessing personality dimensions, psychopathological symptoms, and sexual functioning.

Results
After controlling for psychopathology, men with sexual dysfunction presented significantly higher levels of neuroticism when compared to sexually healthy men. Moreover, regression analysis indicated neuroticism as the best predictor of sexual functioning (β = −0.24, P &lt; 0.01). Regarding psychopathology, men with sexual problems presented significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than the controls. Additionally, depressive symptoms were a significant predictor of sexual functioning (β = −0.41, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Personality dimensions and psychopathology play an important role on male sexual functioning. The results may have important clinical implications.
The Effect of Topical Synthetic Prostaglandin E1 (Misoprostol) on Clitoral Hemodynamics
Authors: Dirim Ayhan , Goren Mehmet R. , Peskircioglu Levent 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Genital blood flow plays an important role on female sexual function. Measures that increase genital blood flow may be a therapeutic approach for female sexual dysfunction.

Aim
This study aims to show the effect of topical misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin, on clitoral blood flow.

Methods
Seventeen volunteers with female sexual dysfunction on the basis of female sexual function index scores were included in the study. All women were premenopausal and within their sexually active ages. Hormonal profiles were also normal. Those with suspected pregnancy, history of pelvic or vaginal surgery or radiotherapy, and diabetes or hypertension were excluded. Female sexual function index scores were determined. Clitoral peak systolic velocity (PSV) and clitoral artery diameter of all women were measured by using Doppler ultrasound. The measurements were done on two occasions as before and after placebo in one session and before and after 100 µg of misoprostol in another. This is a double-blind study where the patient and the ultrasonographist were unaware of either placebo or active drug has been applied before measurements.

Main Outcome Measures
Clitoral artery diameter and peak systolic velocity.

Results
Misoprostol caused a significant increase in clitoral artery PSV compared to basal level (P = 0.0001), while changes in clitoral artery PSV with placebo remained insignificant. Remarkably, misoprostol caused 118.3% increase in clitoral artery PSV and 47.5% increase in clitoral artery diameter when compared to basal levels. No side effects were observed.

Conclusion
Topical misoprostol can significantly increase clitoral blood flow without any unwanted effects and this finding may be promising for future investigations with relevance to female sexual dysfunction.
Arginase II Deletion Increases Corpora Cavernosa Relaxation in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Toque Haroldo A. , Tostes Rita C. , Yao Lin , Xu Zhimin , Webb R. Clinton , Caldwell Ruth B. , Caldwell R. William 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionDiabetes-induced erectile dysfunction involves elevated arginase (Arg) activity and expression. Because nitric oxide (NO) synthase and Arg share and compete for their substrate L-arginine, NO production is likely linked to regulation of Arg. Arg is highly expressed and implicated in erectile dysfunction.AimIt was hypothesized that Arg-II isoform deletion enhances relaxation function of corpora cavernosal (CC) smooth muscle in a streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic model.MethodsEight weeks after STZ-induced diabetes, vascular functional studies, Arg activity assay, and protein expression levels of Arg and constitutive NOS (using Western blots) were assessed in CC tissues from nondiabetic wild type (WT), diabetic (D) WT (WT + D), Arg-II knockout (KO), and Arg-II KO+D mice (N = 8–10 per group).Main Outcome MeasuresInhibition or lack of arginase results in facilitation of CC relaxation in diabetic CC.ResultsStrips of CC from Arg-II KO mice exhibited an enhanced maximum endothelium-dependent relaxation (from 70 + 3% to 84 + 4%) and increased nitrergic relaxation (by 55%, 71%, 42%, 42%, and 24% for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 Hz, respectively) compared with WT mice. WT + D mice showed a significant reduction of endothelium-dependent maximum relaxation (44 + 8%), but this impairment of relaxation was significantly prevented in Arg-II KO+D mice (69 + 4%). Sympathetic-mediated and alpha-adrenergic agent-induced contractile responses also were increased in CC strips from D compared with non-D controls. Contractile responses were significantly lower in Arg-II KO control and D versus the WT groups. WT + D mice increased Arg activity (1.5-fold) and Arg-II protein expression and decreased total and phospho-eNOS at Ser-1177, and nNOS levels. These alterations were not seen in Arg-II KO mice. Additionally, the Arg inhibitor BEC (50 µM) enhanced nitrergic and endothelium-dependent relaxation in CC of WT + D mice.ConclusionThese studies show for the first time that Arg-II deletion improves CC relaxation in type 1 diabetes.
Evaluation of Cleaning Procedures for Allergen Control in a Food Industry Environment
Authors: Wang X. , Young O.A. , Karl D.P. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  The hygiene of chicken processing surfaces and retention of the wheat protein gliadin and of protein in general on those surfaces were compared in 15 trials after 3 increasingly rigorous cleaning steps. Eleven different chicken products with wheat derivatives as a batter were prepared on 3 processing lines in 15 production runs selected at random over 6 mo (5 runs were thus replicates). Using surface swabs, surface hygiene was monitored by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence, gliadin by immunoassay, and protein by the Coomassie dye method. Gliadin was monitored in 14 trials, protein in 5, and all trials were monitored by ATP bioluminescence. In a typical trial, gliadin values normalized to uncleaned values fell from 100000 arbitrary units, to 6000 after rinsing, to 30 (foam, rinse), to not detected (sanitize, rinse). Parallel ATP bioluminescence values also decreased, but crucially, the relative gliadin value was less than the relative ATP value after foam and rinse in all 14 trials, a result unchanged after sanitize and rinse. In trials comparing ATP and protein, the relative ATP values exceeded the relative protein values in 4 of 5 trials after foaming and after sanitizing. Thus, for these 11 products, ATP bioluminescence was a surrogate indicator of residual gliadin and probably of residual protein. Absolute gliadin concentration on an uncleaned processing line was also the basis of modeling the risk of cross‐contamination of gliadin in follow‐up product, where the line was hypothetically left uncleaned between production runs. The results show that all follow‐up product could be declared “gluten‐free” under proposed legislation, and suggest that some industrial cross‐contamination risks are currently overestimated.Practical Application:  ATP bioluminescence is probably a useful surrogate for rapid validation of allergen‐free food processing surfaces.
A Simple DNA Characterization Method Using Fiber‐Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Performed without DNA Fragmentation
Authors: Hirose Tamaki , Sugiyama Shigeru 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe performed high‐resolution fluorescence imaging of lambda phage DNA molecules hybridized with fluorescent‐labeled DNA and peptide nucleic acid probes. In this method, the target DNA and probe were mixed, rapidly denatured and then subjected to liquid hybridization conditions. The hybridized DNA sample was then spotted onto a nontreated glass substrate and subjected to molecular combing. The resultant continuous fluorescence signal of intact lambda DNA shows that the fluorescent‐labeled probes bound to the predicted sites but in a pattern that was clearly different to the beads‐on‐a‐string pattern typical for fiber‐fluorescence in situ hybridization. The key changes to the conventional method are hybridization of the free target DNA in liquid and lowering the denaturation temperature. The method described here allows the rapid and direct visualization of the specific binding sites of intact DNA molecules without damaging the DNA fibers and causing fragmentation of the fluorescence signal. This technique should be a useful tool in studies of genetics and also large‐scale DNA sequencing projects.
Special Report: Identifying Interdisciplinary Research Priorities to Prevent and Treat Pediatric Obesity in New York City
Authors: Gallagher Dympna , Larson Elaine L. , Wang Yun‐Hsin Claire , Richards Boyd , Weng Chunhua , Hametz Patricia , Begg Melissa D. , Chung Wendy K. , Boden‐Albala Bernadette , Akabas Sharon R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt is well recognized that an interdisciplinary approach is essential in the development and implementation of solutions to address the current pediatric obesity epidemic. In two half‐day meetings that included workshops and focus groups, faculty from diverse fields identified critically important research challenges, and gaps to childhood obesity prevention. The purpose of this white paper is to describe the iterative, interdisciplinary process that unfolded in an academic health center setting with a specific focus on underrepresented minority groups of Black and Hispanic communities, and to summarize the research challenges and gaps related to pediatric obesity that were identified in the process. Although the research challenges and gaps were developed in the context of an urban setting including high‐risk populations (the northern Manhattan communities of Washington Heights, Inwood, and Harlem), many of the issues raised are broadly applicable. The processes by which the group identified research gaps and methodological challenges that impede a better understanding of how to prevent and treat obesity in children has resulted in an increase in research and community outreach collaborations and interdisciplinary pursuit of funding opportunities across units within the academic health center and overall university. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 172–177
A New Class of Human Mast Cell and Peripheral Blood Basophil Stabilizers that Differentially Control Allergic Mediator Release
Authors: Norton Sarah K. , Dellinger Anthony , Zhou Zhiguo , Lenk Robert , MacFarland Darren , Vonakis Becky , Conrad Daniel , Kepley Christopher L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTreatments for allergic disease block the effects of mediators released from activated mast cells and blood basophils. A panel of fullerene derivatives was synthesized and tested for their ability to preempt the release of allergic mediatorsin vitroandin vivo. The fullerene C70‐tetraglycolic acid significantly inhibited degranulation and cytokine production from mast cells and basophils, while C70‐tetrainositol blocked only cytokine production in mast cells and degranulation and cytokine production in basophils. The early phase of FcɛRI inhibition was dependent on the blunted release of intracellular calcium stores, elevations in reactive oxygen species, and several signaling molecules. Gene microarray studies further showed the two fullerene derivatives inhibited late phase responses in very different ways. C70‐tetraglycolic acid was able to block mast cell‐driven anaphylaxisin vivo, while C70‐tetrainositol did not. No toxicity was observed with either compound. These findings demonstrate the biological effects of fullerenes critically depends on the moieties added to the carbon cage and suggest they act on different FcɛRI‐specific molecules in mast cells and basophils. These next generation fullerene derivatives represent a new class of compounds that interfere with FcɛRI signaling pathways to stabilize mast cells and basophils. Thus, fullerene‐based therapies may be a new approach for treating allergic diseases. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 158–169
C‐deletion mutation of the p53 gene at exon 4 of codon 63 in the saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma in central India: a preliminary study
Authors: Mewara Arti , Gadbail Amol Ramchandra , Patil Swati , Chaudhary Minal , Chavhan Shivkumar D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this study was to detect the C‐deletion mutation of the p53 gene at exon 4 of codon 63 in the saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma in central India.Methods:  The study was carried out in 30 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and five healthy controls with no habit of betel nut and tobacco chewing. The C‐deletion mutation of the p53 gene at exon 4 of codon 63 was detected in the saliva samples by using polymerase chain reaction.Results:  In this study, C‐deletion at exon 4 of codon 63 was detected in 28 of 30 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases (93.33%), but was negative in all five healthy controls and two oral squamous cell carcinoma cases.Conclusions:  The results indicated that C‐deletion mutation at exon 4 of codon 63 of the p53 gene in the saliva might be a plausible molecular marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with a habit of betel nut and tobacco lime quid chewing. The results further emphasize the presence of p53 gene mutation in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, which can be detected in the saliva through polymerase chain reaction.
Density-functional and global optimization study of copper–tin core-shell clusters
Authors: Fournier René 
Published: November 2010

We obtained minimum-energy structures for 13 [Formula: see text] (p = 1–4) species by a combined taboo search and density functional theory (DFT) approach. The putative global minima are all [Formula: see text] core-shell structures. There is a stabilization energy on the order of 0.5 to 1.0 eV associated with completion of the outer shell of Sn atoms. The stabilization associated with electronic shell closing is also on the order of 0.5 to 1.0 eV. [Formula: see text] has both a closed atomic shell and a closed electronic shell, and it is extrastable. We found two or more isomers within 0.6 eV of the global minimum for all 13 species except [Formula: see text].
AN APPROACH FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF RAIL DEFECTS
Authors: KUMAR SAURABH , GUPTA SUPRAKASH , GHODRATI BEHZAD , KUMAR UDAY 
Published: November 2010

Rail defects appear in a greater variety and frequency due to higher axle loads and increasing traffic density in passenger and freight trains. Many of these rail defects, if left undetected, can develop into rail breaks, which may lead to train derailments. Reduction in the number of such catastrophic events requires huge investments on inspection and maintenance activities. Therefore proper maintenance planning and risk assessment is required to reduce the rail maintenance cost without compromising safety. In this paper, an approach has been developed for risk assessment of rail defects to support the decision-making process during scheduling of rail inspection and grinding frequency, based on the type of defect and its risk of occurring and developing into a rail break. The approach will help in increasing the safety of passengers and rolling stock as well as reducing the overall rail maintenance cost, as it helps in making effective decisions related to inspection frequency (i.e. resource allocation according to the need). The approach is presented with the aid of a case study from the Swedish National Rail Administration (Banverket). Both, quantitative and qualitative analysis technique has been used in this paper to assess the risk of occurrence of a rail defect and its development into a rail break.
Disasters and Displacement: Gaps in Protection
Authors: Bradley Megan , Cohen Roberta 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNatural disasters, particularly those related to climate change, are fast becoming a leading cause of forced displacement although conceptual, normative and institutional frameworks to provide human rights protection to the environmentally displaced are not yet in place. This article discusses the human rights and protection dimensions of disaster-induced displacement, identifies the major challenges to protecting disaster victims, and proposes ways forward. The authors argue that while most environmentally displaced persons are expected to remain within their own countries, there is a lack of clarity about the status and protection needs of those uprooted by environmental degradation and other 'slow-onset' disasters as opposed to those displaced by 'sudden-onset' disasters. By far the biggest protection gap exists for those who cross borders. These individuals do not generally qualify as refugees under the 1951 Refugee Convention, there is no normative framework to address their specific needs and vulnerabilities and States have not been willing to commit to more than temporary protection on an ad hoc basis. The need is now critical for new approaches to be developed for the environmentally displaced, including expanded normative and institutional frameworks, comprehensive national policies, national and international monitoring, rights training, and more effective ways of dealing with governments that fail to protect their populations.
Securing Compliance with International Humanitarian Law: The Promise and Limits of Contemporary Enforcement Mechanisms
Authors: Clarke Ben 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis report highlights several contributions to a recent ICRC sponsored IHL conference on compliance and enforcement. Conference papers addressed a range of contemporary issues including: whether the Human Rights Council has a mandate to examine alleged breaches of IHL; the complementarity debate (IHL/IHRL); the problem of human shields; UN Security Council practice with regard to violations of IHL; and whether IHL should be reformed to provide non-State organised armed groups with greater incentives to comply with IHL during non-international armed conflict.