bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newly identified human rhinoviruses: molecular methods heat up the cold viruses
Authors: Arden Katherine E. , Mackay Ian M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHuman rhinovirus (HRV) infections cause at least 70% of virus‐related wheezing exacerbations and cold and flu‐like illnesses. They are associated with otitis media, sinusitis and pneumonia. Annually, the economic impact of HRV infections costs billions in healthcare and lost productivity. Since 1987, 100 officially recognised HRV serotypes reside in two genetically distinct species; HRV A and HRV B, within the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae. Sequencing of their ∼7kb genomes was finalised in 2009. Since 1999, many globally circulating, molecularly‐defined ‘strains’, perhaps equivalent to novel serotypes, have been discovered but remain uncharacterised. Many of these currently unculturable strains have been assigned to a proposed new species, HRV C although confusion exists over the membership of the species. There has not been sufficient sampling to ensure the identification of all strains and no consensus criteria exist to define whether clinical HRV detections are best described as a distinct strain or a closely related variant of a previously identified strain (or serotype). We cannot yet robustly identify patterns in the circulation of newly identified HRVs (niHRVs) or the full range of associated illnesses and more data are required. Many questions arise from this new found diversity: what drives the development of so many distinct viruses compared to other species of RNA viruses? What role does recombination play in generating this diversity? Are there species‐ or strain‐specific circulation patterns and clinical outcomes? Are divergent strains sensitive to existing capsid‐binding antivirals? This update reviews the findings that trigger these and other questions arising during the current cycle of intense rhinovirus discovery. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental effects of sediment deposition on the structure and function of macroinvertebrate assemblages in temperate streams
Authors: Larsen S. , Pace G. , Ormerod S. J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFine sediment in streams and rivers is one of the most globally widespread of all freshwater pollutants. However, the ecological implications are still poorly quantified, and field experiments to assess likely functional and structural effects are scarce.We assessed the response of stream invertebrates to fine sediment (i.e. inert sand) added to trays (n = 65) containing otherwise natural substrata over a three‐week period in three replicate streams in the Usk catchment, Wales.Sediment addition to 0.6–18 kg m−2 affected both the structure and functional composition of invertebrate assemblages while also reducing overall abundance and in some common species (Baetis rhodani, Ecdyonurus sp. and Leuctra geniculata).Sediment also reduced richness and overall trait diversity (TD), while different life‐history traits were either favoured (polivoltinism, tegumental respiration and burrowing behaviour) or disfavoured (swimmers, attached taxa, gill respiration). Moreover, sediments appeared to promote a nested subset pattern in species composition, with generalists favoured at the expense of specialists either through exclusion or impaired colonization. Effects were due largely to the loss of five taxa that contributed to the significant nestedness across the sand gradient: B. rhodani, Ecdyonurus sp., Leuctra geniculata, Simuliidae and Ephemerella ignita.This short‐term experiment supports recent surveys in indicating how sedimentation can change the structural and functional composition of stream invertebrate assemblages even at low to moderate rates of deposition. In revealing direct effects on trait adversity, trait representation and nestedness, the data are also consistent with survey data in indicating that sediments have potentially important ramifications for conservation by removing organisms systematically according to life‐history features. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intra‐ and interobserver repeatability of fetal cardiac examination using four‐dimensional spatiotemporal image correlation in each trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Bennasar M. , Martínez J. M. , Gómez O. , Figueras F. , Olivella A. , Puerto B. , Gratacós E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the intra‐ and interobserver repeatability of the evaluation of fetal cardiac structures and measurements using spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) technology in each trimester of pregnancy.MethodsFour‐dimensional (4D)‐STIC volumes from 150 low‐risk pregnancies were acquired at first‐, second‐ or third‐trimester scan for later analysis by two different reviewers. A total of 19 items, including the evaluation of 14 structures as well as five measurements of the fetal heart, were evaluated. The reliability of qualitative variables was evaluated using Cohen's kappa and absolute agreement analysis while that of quantitative parameters was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsForty‐five, 47 and 47 STIC volumes were included in the final analysis from the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. For the evaluation of cardiac structures, good or excellent intra‐ and interobserver agreement (kappa > 0.6) was obtained in 12/14 and 9/14, respectively, while absolute agreement was > 90% for most structures evaluated. Regarding the quantitative cardiac measurements, ICC values were above 0.90 for all but cardiac axis (intraobserver ICC, 0.81 and interobserver ICC, 0.61). There were no significant differences in the repeatability values observed for qualitative or quantitative parameters among the trimesters of pregnancy.ConclusionCardiac examination from 4D‐STIC volumes showed a high repeatability between and within observers in each trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep and cognition
Authors: Deak Maryann C. , Stickgold Robert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSleep is a complex physiologic state, the importance of which has long been recognized. Lack of sleep is detrimental to humans and animals. Over the past decade, an important link between sleep and cognitive processing has been established. Sleep plays an important role in consolidation of different types of memory and contributes to insightful, inferential thinking. While the mechanism by which memories are processed in sleep remains unknown, several experimental models have been proposed. This article explores the link between sleep and cognition by reviewing (1) the effects of sleep deprivation on cognition, (2) the influence of sleep on consolidation of declarative and non‐declarative memory, and (3) some proposed models of how sleep facilitates memory consolidation in sleep. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Memory
Neuroscience > Behavior
Language and brain
Authors: Friederici Angela D. , Wartenburger Isabell 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe human faculty of language has been the focus of researchers from different disciplines such as linguistics, psychology, neurology, biology, anthropology, and more recently genetics. However, the mystery of how the human brain acquires and represents language to ensure its fast and effortless use has still not been entirely solved, although our knowledge base has enlarged dramatically over the past decades. Based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, we are today able to define separate frontotemporal neural networks for the processing of syntactic and semantic information in the left hemisphere and for prosodic processes in the right. Data from electro‐ and magnetencephalographic (EEG/MEG) studies allow us to describe the interaction of these processes in time. Patients with lesions in language‐relevant brain structures provide crucial information for the validation of neurocognitive models. These models of adult language systems are used as a template against which the neural basis of first language acquisition and second language processing are investigated. The adult language system is characterized by fast processes supported by Broca's area in the prefrontal cortex and Wernicke's area in the temporal cortex. During language learning in adulthood, these processing routines slowly develop initially recruiting brain regions beyond those of the neural language network involved in adult native language processing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
A potential role for muscle in glucose homeostasis: in vivo kinetic studies in glycogen storage disease type 1a and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase deficiency
Authors: Huidekoper Hidde H. , Visser Gepke , Ackermans Mariëtte T. , Sauerwein Hans P. , Wijburg Frits A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundA potential role for muscle in glucose homeostasis was recently suggested based on characterization of extrahepatic and extrarenal glucose‐6‐phosphatase (glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐β). To study the role of extrahepatic tissue in glucose homeostasis during fasting glucose kinetics were studied in two patients with a deficient hepatic and renal glycogenolysis and/or gluconeogenesis.DesignEndogenous glucose production (EGP), glycogenolysis (GGL), and gluconeogenesis (GNG) were quantified with stable isotopes in a patient with glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD‐1a) and a patient with fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency. The [6,6‐2H2]glucose dilution method in combination with the deuterated water method was used during individualized fasting tests.ResultsBoth patients became hypoglycemic after 2.5 and 14.5 h fasting, respectively. At that time, the patient with GSD‐1a had EGP 3.84 μmol/kg per min (30% of normal EGP after an overnight fast), GGL 3.09 μmol/kg per min, and GNG 0.75 μmol/kg per min. The patient with FBPase deficiency had EGP 8.53 μmol/kg per min (62% of normal EGP after an overnight fast), GGL 6.89 μmol/kg per min GGL, and GNG 1.64 μmol/kg per min.ConclusionEGP was severely hampered in both patients, resulting in hypoglycemia. However, despite defective hepatic and renal GNG in both disorders and defective hepatic GGL in GSD‐1a, both patients were still able to produce glucose via both pathways. As all necessary enzymes of these pathways have now been functionally detected in muscle, a contribution of muscle to EGP during fasting via both GGL as well as GNG is suggested.
Regulation of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic factors by CCN2/CTGF in H9c2 cardiomyocytes
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , McLennan Susan V. , Allen Terri J. , Twigg Stephen M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF), also known as CCN2, is implicated in fibrosis through both extracellular matrix (ECM) induction and inhibition of ECM degradation. The role of CTGF in inflammation in cardiomyocytes is unknown. In some mesenchymal cell systems, CTGF mediates effects through TGF‐β or tyrosine kinase cell surface receptor, TrkA, signalling. In this study, cellular mechanisms by which CTGF regulates pathways involved in fibrosis and inflammation were explored. Murine H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with recombinant human (rh)CTGF and ECM formation gene expression: fibronectin, collagen type ‐I and ‐III and ECM degradation genes: TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2 and PAI‐1 were found to be induced. CTGF treatment also increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐6, MCP‐1 and IL‐8. CTGF upregulated TGF‐β1 mRNA and rapidly induced phosphorylation of TrkA. The CTGF‐induced pro‐fibrotic and pro‐inflammatory effects were blocked by anti‐TGF‐β neutralizing antibody and Alk 5 inhibitor (SB431542). A specific blocker of TrkA activation, k252a, also abrogated CTGF‐induced effects on fibrosis and gene expresison of MCP‐1 and IL‐8, but not TNF‐α or IL‐6. Collectively, this data implicates CTGF in effects on pro‐fibrotic genes and pro‐inflammatory genes via TGF‐β pathway signalling and partly through TrkA.
Cognitive vulnerability to depression in young people in secure accommodation: The influence of ethnicity and current suicidal ideation
Authors: Woolgar Matthew , Tranah Troy 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTYoung people in secure accommodation are at high risk of depression and self‐harm. This study investigates the relationship between depressive symptoms, negative self‐schemas and the cognitive vulnerability to depression in 38 young people in secure accommodation. The impact of a) current suicidal ideation and b) a previous history of self‐harm behaviour on latent negative self‐schemas was examined using a mood induction task. The low mood condition indicated these young people had a latent cognitive vulnerability to depression. However, this vulnerability was exacerbated in the context of current suicidal ideation but not by a history of self‐harm behaviours. An unexpected finding was the negative self‐schemas of young people from ethnic minority backgrounds were particularly susceptible to the mood induction. The findings are discussed both in terms of the cognitive vulnerabilities of adolescents detained in secure accommodation and the role of participant characteristics on the validity of mood induction studies in adolescence.
Parental support and adolescents' health in the context of parental employment status
Authors: Bacikova‐Sleskova Maria , Madarasova Geckova Andrea , van Dijk Jitse P. , Groothoff Johan W. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTParental employment status is an important and often overlooked contextual factor that may influence parent–adolescent relationships. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of parental support on adolescents’ health within the context of parental employment status. Data on perceived mother's and father's support, mother's and father's employment status and adolescents' perceived health were collected among 1992 adolescents (mean age 16.9) and analysed using chi‐square and logistic regression. Father's support was significantly more often perceived as low when the father was unemployed, while the perception of mother's support did not differ in regards to the mother's employment. Among those with an unemployed father, mother's support appeared protective for adolescents' health, while when a mother was unemployed, father's support was more strongly associated with good health. Our results suggest that in the case of unemployment of one parent, support from the other parent may be more important for children.
Cytotype regulation inDrosophila melanogaster: synergism between telomeric and non-telomericPelements
Authors: BELINCO CARINA , DIPRIMA STEPHANIE N. , WOLFF RYAN E. , THORP MICHAEL W. , BUSCHETTE JARED T. , SIMMONS MICHAEL J. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThe X-linked telomericPelementsTP5andTP6interact synergistically with non-telomericPelements to repress hybrid dysgenesis. In this repression, the telomericPelements exert maternal effects, which, however, are not sufficient to establish synergism with the non-telomericPelements. Once synergism is established, the capacity to repress dysgenesis in the offspring of a cross persists for at least two generations after removing the telomericPelement from the genotype. At the molecular level, synergism between telomeric and non-telomericPelements is correlated with effective elimination ofP-element mRNA in the germ line. Maternally transmitted mutations in the genesaubergine,piwiandSuppressor of variegation 205[Su(var)205] block the establishment of synergism between telomeric and non-telomericPelements, and paternally transmitted mutations inpiwiandSu(var)205disrupt synergism that has already been established. These findings are discussed in terms of a model of cytotype regulation ofPelements based on Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are amplified by cycling between sense and antisense species.
Group‐based problem‐solving therapy in self‐poisoning females: A pilot study
Authors: Bannan Noreen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAims:The treatment of suicidal behaviour remains limited in efficacy. This pilot study assessed the effectiveness of a time‐limited, group‐based problem‐solving therapy intervention compared with a treatment as usual control group, in females who self‐poison.Method: A total of 18 clients were equally randomised to treatment or control groups. All clients were assessed using standardised questionnaires for depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation and social problem‐solving skills, at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment and two months follow‐up.Results:The treatment group experienced significant reductions in levels of depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation and improvements in self‐assessed social problem‐solving skills. Improvements in mental health and aspects of self‐assessed problem‐solving skills for the treatment group continued to be evident at two months follow‐up. The control group did not change significantly over time on mental health measures or social problem solving abilities.Conclusion:Although limited by small sample size, the results suggest that group‐based problem‐solving therapy is effective in the management of deliberate self‐poisoning. This paper is a unique contribution in that it examines the implementation of problem solving therapy with a homogenous population and in a group format. Methodological concerns and directions for future research are discussed.
Therapists' experiences of personal therapy: A descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Oteiza Vicky 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim: To consider therapists' descriptive accounts of their experiences of personal therapy. Method: The methodology employed was qualitative, using data obtained from individual semi‐structured interviews. Ten Spanish psychotherapists were interviewed about their experiences of personal therapy. Findings: In a systematic thematic analysis of the interview transcripts, six emergent themes were identified: different approaches to personal therapy; time in therapy; approach to choosing personal therapist; experiences of personal therapy; contribution of personal therapy to therapists' professional development, and contribution of personal therapy to therapists' affective development. These findings are consistent with previous research. Conclusion: The findings indicated that participants' experiences of personal therapy were positive. Alternative approaches for personal development are considered.
Where do counsellors in private practice receive their support? A pilot study
Authors: Savic-Jabrow Pamela Catherine 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground: Previous research suggests that independent practitioners should ensure that they attend to self‐care, and the requirement for self‐care is written into ethical practice requirements. Aims: To explore whether or how counsellors in private practice received support, and if so from where. Method: A survey questionnaire containing 29 questions was sent to 525 recipients. Results: 31 questionnaires were completed. The results from these questionnaires indicated that support was primarily received through supervision. Discussion: The support needs of private practitioners are discussed in the context of a very low response rate. The researcher considers factors that might have led to this response rate, as well as reflecting on the study design.
Counsellors' perspectives on self‐harm and the role of the therapeutic relationship for working with clients who self‐harm
Authors: Long Maggie , Jenkins Mary 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAims: To gain insight into counsellors' experiences of and ideas about self‐harm, and to develop understanding of relational depth when working with clients who self‐harm. Method: A qualitative exploration of counsellors' perspectives on working with people who self‐harm. The research proposal gained approval from the University Ethics Committee. Data were collected from a sample of counsellors who have experience of working with people who self‐harm (n = 8) using tape‐recorded interviews. Grounded Theory was used for analysis. Findings: Two major categories emerged from the findings: (i) the activity of self‐harm; (ii) the therapeutic relationship with people who self‐harm. These categories and sub‐categories were integrated to form the core category. Implications: Counsellors have a valuable role to play in the lives of people who self‐harm, by embodying confidentiality and so facilitating a sense of trust, by opening minds through acceptance, and by expanding knowledge through participation in research. Conclusions: In order to effectively accompany clients from a life of self‐harm to a life of self‐healing, counsellors must be aware of and responsive to the many concepts underpinning the emergent categories of the research.
Performance of the ITER ICRH system as expected from TOPICA and ANTITER II modelling
Authors: Messiaen A. , Koch R. , Weynants R.R. , Dumortier P. , Louche F. , Maggiora R. , Milanesio D. 
Published: January 2010

The performance on plasma of the antennas of the proposed ITER ICRF system is evaluated by means of the antenna 24 × 24 impedance matrix provided by the TOPICA code and confirmed and interpreted by the semi-analytical code ANTITER II (summarized in an appendix). From this analysis the following system characteristics can be derived: (1) a roughly constant power capability in the entire 40–55 MHz frequency band with the same maximum voltage in the eight feeding lines is obtained for all the considered heating and current drive phasings on account of the broadbanding effect of service stubs. (2) The power capability of the array significantly depends on the distance of the antenna to the separatrix, the density profile in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and on the strap current toroidal and poloidal phasings. The dependence on phasing is stronger for wider SOL. (3) To exceed a radiated power capability of 20 MW per antenna array in the upper part of the frequency band, with a separatrix–wall distance of 17 cm and a conservative short decay plasma edge density profile, the system voltage stand-off must be 45 kV and well chosen combinations of toroidal and poloidal phasing are needed. (4) On account of the plasma gyrotropy and of poloidal magnetic field, special care must be taken in choosing the optimal toroidal current drive and poloidal phasings.
The ANTITER II analysis shows furthermore that important coaxial and surface mode excitation can only be expected in the monopole toroidal phasing, that strong wave reflection from a steep density profile significantly reduces the coupling even if the separatrix is closer to the antenna and that the part of the edge density profile having a density lower than the cut-off density pertaining to the considered phasing does not significantly contribute to the coupling.
The Decoupling of Farm Programs: Revisiting the Wealth Effect
Authors: Femenia Fabienne , Gohin Alexandre , Carpentier Alain 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecent reforms of agricultural policies in developed countries have introduced direct payments as replacements for traditional production‐enhancing instruments. Whereas these new instruments can, in principle, influence production through several channels, current empirical studies show no significant impact on production; direct payments mainly increase land values. In this article, we revisit the evaluation of the coupling effects passing through the wealth of agricultural households. The initial wealth of these agents, while mainly being in the form of land asset holding, is always assumed to be fixed. To the contrary, we show theoretically and through an empirical simulation exercise that once the impact of farm programs on initial wealth is properly accounted for, the measure of the coupling effects is not as negligible as found in previous studies.