bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells influences chemotactic responses to HGF
Authors: Zheng Bing , Wang Chunyan , He Lihong , Xu Xiaojing , Qu Jing , Hu Jun , Zhang Huanxiang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRecently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used for cell‐based therapies in neuronal degenerative disease. Although much effort has been devoted to the delineation of factors involved in the migration of MSCs, the relationship between the chemotactic responses and the differentiation status of these cells remains elusive. Here, we report that MSCs in varying neural differentiation states display different chemotactic responses to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF): first, the number of chemotaxing MSCs and the optimal concentrations of HGF that induced the peak migration varied greatly; second, time‐lapse video analysis showed that MSCs in certain differentiation state migrated more efficiently toward HGF; third, the phosphorylation levels of Akt, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and p38MAPK were closely related to the differentiation levels of MSCs subjected to HGF; and finally, although inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling significantly attenuated HGF‐stimulated transfilter migration of both undifferentiated and differentiating MSCs, abolishment of PI3K/Akt, p38MAPK, or SAPK/JNK signaling only decreased the number of migrated cells in certain differentiation state(s). Blocking of PI3K/Akt or MAPK signaling impaired the migration efficiency and/or speed, the extent of which depends on the cell differentiation states. Meanwhile, F‐actin rearrangement, which is essential for MSCs chemotaxis, was induced by HGF, and the time points of cytoskeletal reorganization were different among these cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that neural differentiation of MSCs influences their chemotactic responses to HGF: MSCs in varying differentiation states possess different migratory capacities, thereby shedding light on optimization of the therapeutic potential of MSCs to be employed for neural regeneration after injury. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 149–162, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Sensitivity of an Immature Vestibular System to Altered Gravity
Authors: GABRIEL MARTIN , FRIPPIAT JEAN‐POL , FREY HERBERT , HORN EBERHARD R. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTStimulus deprivation or stimulus augmentation can induce long‐lasting modifications to sensory and motor systems. If deprivation is effective only during a limited period of life this phase is called “critical period.” A critical period was described for the development of the roll‐induced vestibuloocular reflex (rVOR) of Xenopus laevis using spaceflights. Spaceflight durations and basic conditions of Xenopus’ development did not make it possible to answer the question whether exposure of the immature vestibular organ to weightlessness affects rVOR development. The embryonic development of Pleurodeles waltl is slow enough to solve this problem because the rVOR cannot be induced before 15 dpf. Stage 20–21 embryos (4 dpf) were exposed to microgravity during a 10‐day spaceflight, or to 3g hypergravity following the same time schedule. After termination of altered gravity, the rVOR was recorded twice in most animals. The main observations were as follows: (1) after the first rVOR appearance at stage 37 (16 dpf), both rVOR gain and amplitude increased steadily up to saturation levels of 0.22 and 20°, respectively. (2) Three days after termination of microgravity, flight and ground larvae showed no rVOR; 1 day later, the rVOR could be induced only in ground larvae. Differences disappeared after 3 weeks. (3) For 10 days after 3g exposure, rVOR development was similar to that of 1g‐controls but 3 weeks later, 3g‐larvae showed a larger rVOR than 1g‐controls. These observations indicate that the immature vestibular system is transiently sensitive to microgravity exposure and that exposure of the immature vestibular system to hypergravity leads to a slowly growing vestibular sensitization. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:333–346, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scoring systems used for the interpretation and reporting of multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer detection, localization, and characterization: could standardization lead to improved utilization of imaging within the diagnostic pathway?
Authors: Dickinson Louise , Ahmed Hashim U. , Allen Clare , Barentsz Jelle O. , Carey Brendan , Futterer Jurgen J. , Heijmink Stijn W. , Hoskin Peter , Kirkham Alex P. , Padhani Anwar R. , Persad Raj , Puech Philippe , Punwani Shonit , Sohaib Aslam , Tombal Bertrand , Villers Arnauld , Emberton Mark 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMultiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is increasingly being used earlier in the prostate cancer diagnostic pathway in order to detect and localize disease. Its results can be used to help decide on the indication, type, and localization of a prostate biopsy for cancer diagnosis. In addition, mpMRI has the potential to contribute information on the characterization, or aggressiveness, of detected cancers including tumor progression over time. There is considerable variation in the way results of different MRI sequences are reported. We conducted a review of scoring systems that have been used in the detection and characterization of prostate cancer. This revealed that existing scoring and reporting systems differ in purpose, scale, and range. We evaluate these differences in this review. This first step in collating all methods of scoring and reporting mpMRI will ultimately lead to consensus approaches to develop a standardized reporting scheme that can be widely adopted and validated to ensure comparability of research outputs and optimal clinical practice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:48–58.
Neonatal neuroimaging findings in inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Poretti Andrea , Blaser Susan I. , Lequin Maarten H. , Fatemi Ali , Meoded Avner , Northington Frances J. , Boltshauser Eugen , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIndividually, metabolic disorders are rare, but overall they account for a significant number of neonatal disorders affecting the central nervous system. The neonatal clinical manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are characterized by nonspecific systemic symptoms that may mimic more common acute neonatal disorders like sepsis, severe heart insufficiency, or neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy. Certain IEMs presenting in the neonatal period may also be complicated by sepsis and cardiomyopathy. Early diagnosis is mandatory to prevent death and permanent long‐term neurological impairments. Although neuroimaging findings are rarely specific, they play a key role in suggesting the correct diagnosis, limiting the differential diagnosis, and may consequently allow early initiation of targeted metabolic and genetic laboratory investigations and treatment. Neuroimaging may be especially helpful to distinguish metabolic disorders from other more common causes of neonatal encephalopathy, as a newborn may present with an IEM prior to the availability of the newborn screening results. It is therefore important that neonatologists, pediatric neurologists, and pediatric neuroradiologists are familiar with the neuroimaging findings of metabolic disorders presenting in the neonatal time period. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:294–312. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of MRI scan acceleration on brain volume measurement consistency
Authors: Krueger Gunnar , Granziera Cristina , Jack Clifford R. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Littmann Arne , Mortamet Bénédicte , Kannengiesser Stephan , Sorensen Alma Gregory , Ward Chadwick P. , Reyes Denise A. , Britson Paula J. , Fischer Hubertus , Bernstein Matt A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the effects of recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiofrequency (RF) coil and parallel imaging technology on brain volume measurement consistency.Materials and Methods:In all, 103 whole‐brain MRI volumes were acquired at a clinical 3T MRI, equipped with a 12‐ and 32‐channel head coil, using the T1‐weighted protocol as employed in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study with parallel imaging accelerations ranging from 1 to 5. An experienced reader performed qualitative ratings of the images. For quantitative analysis, differences in composite width (CW, a measure of image similarity) and boundary shift integral (BSI, a measure of whole‐brain atrophy) were calculated.Results:Intra‐ and intersession comparisons of CW and BSI measures from scans with equal acceleration demonstrated excellent scan–rescan accuracy, even at the highest acceleration applied. Pairs‐of‐scans acquired with different accelerations exhibited poor scan–rescan consistency only when differences in the acceleration factor were maximized. A change in the coil hardware between compared scans was found to bias the BSI measure.Conclusion:The most important findings are that the accelerated acquisitions appear to be compatible with the assessment of high‐quality quantitative information and that for highest scan–rescan accuracy in serial scans the acquisition protocol should be kept as consistent as possible over time. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1234–1240. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discrimination of axillary metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes with PROPELLER diffusion‐weighted MR imaging in a metastatic breast cancer model and its correlation with cellularity
Authors: Junping Wang , Tongguo Si , Yunting Zhang , Chunshui Yu , Renju Bai 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose:To assess the accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the differentiation of axillary metastatic from nonmetastatic lymph nodes in rabbits with metastatic breast cancer and to determine the relationship between the ADC and the cellularity of axillary lymph nodes of two different types.Materials and Methods:The axillary lymph node models were created by inoculating VX2 cell suspensions in the mammary glands of 30 female rabbits. Conventional MR imaging and multi‐shot fast‐spin‐echo PROPELLER DW imaging were performed approximately 4 weeks after successful inoculation. Images of axillary lymph nodes were analyzed with regard to size and ADC. Differences in the forementioned criteria between the two types of lymph nodes were assessed with reference to histopathologic findings. Cellularity was correlated with the ADC in all selected axillary lymph nodes.Results:A total of 41 axillary metastatic and 29 inflammatory lymph nodes were successfully isolated. The size‐based criteria showed no significant difference between the malignant and inflammatory lymph nodes (Ps > 0.05); however, the ADC of metastatic nodes was significantly lower than that of inflammatory nodes (P < 0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between the ADC and cellularity (r = −0.674; P < 0.001) regardless of their different tissue types.Conclusion:DW imaging is a new promising functional technique for differentiating metastatic from inflammatory lymph nodes. Furthermore, cellularity has a significant influence on the ADC in both malignant and benign lymph nodes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:624–631. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probabilistic downscaling of GCM scenarios over southern India
Authors: Vigaud N. , Vrac M. , Caballero Y. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe cumulative distribution function transform (CDF‐t) is used to downscale daily precipitation and surface temperatures from a set of Global climate model (GCM) climatic projections over southern India. To deal with the full annual cycle, the approach has been applied by months, allowing downscaled projections for all seasons. First, CDF‐t is validated over a historical period using observation from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). Resulting high resolution fields show substantial improvements compared to original GCM outputs in terms of distribution, seasonal cycle and monsoon means for arid, semi‐arid and wetter regions of the subcontinent. Then, CDF‐t is applied to GCM large‐scale fields to project rainfall and surface temperature changes for the 21st century under the IPCC SRES A2 scenario. The results obtained show an increase of rainfall, mostly during the monsoon season, while winter precipitation is reduced, and suggest a widespread warming especially in the winter and post‐monsoon season. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
MODELLING THE EFFECT OF VEGETATION COVER AND DIFFERENT TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOIL EROSION IN VINEYARDS: A CASE STUDY IN VRÁBLE (SLOVAKIA) USING WATEM/SEDEM
Authors: Lieskovský J. , Kenderessy P. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTVineyards represent one of the most erosion‐prone types of cultivated land. Because of this, cultivation practices are very important in reducing the soil erosion risk in vineyard regions. The aim of this paper was to assess the impact of various management practices on soil loss in vineyards. Effects of tillage, hoeing, rotavating and grass cover were evaluated in small vineyards located in southwestern Slovakia in the Vráble viticultural district. Erosion and deposition rates were estimated using the levelling method. This method is based on an evaluation of variability of the soil surface against vineyard poles measured between the year of pole insertion and the year of measurement. On the basis of the measured data, a WATEM/SEDEM distributed soil erosion model was calibrated, and the total soil loss from the vineyards under different management conditions was estimated. The model shows rather good performance in modelling soil erosion, but at the same time, it shows lower reliability in modelling soil deposition. Downslope tilled vineyards were the most eroded; the erosion in rotavated vineyards is somewhat reduced. The most protective tillage system is hoeing. Considerably lower soil loss was estimated with the use of vegetation cover between vine rows, which is in accordance with agro‐environmental schemes supporting use of grass cover as an erosion prevention measure in vineyards. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Block Copolymer Templating as a Path to Porous Nanostructured Carbons with Highly Accessible Nitrogens for Enhanced (Electro)chemical Performance
Authors: McGann John P. , Zhong Mingjiang , Kim Eun Kyung , Natesakhawat Sittichai , Jaroniec Mietek , Whitacre Jay F. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Kowalewski Tomasz 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe design of carbon materials for improved electrochemical systems should combine the preferential occurrence of pyridinic functionalities and a structure that maximizes their exposure to the surface. The carbonization of nitrogen‐rich polyacrylonitrile (PAN) retains a high level of nitrogen content, with a large percentage of the functionalities taking the form of pyridinic species at the graphene edges. A block copolymer precursor containing PAN and a second thermally sacrificial block can be converted to a nitrogen‐rich carbon material with a mesoporous network mimicking that of the precursor. Here, we highlight the structural advantages of this templating approach and their improvement in several electrochemical systems.
Hyperglycemia of tumor microenvironment modulates stage‐dependent tumor progression and multidrug resistance: implication of cell survival regulatory molecules and altered glucose transport
Authors: Vishvakarma Naveen Kumar , Kumar Anjani , Singh Vivek , Singh Sukh Mahendra 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUsing a murine tumor model, we demonstrate that tumor cells display a tumor stage‐dependent differential glucose utilization associated with an altered GLUT‐1 expression. Hyperglycemic tumor microenvironment modulates the tumorigenic ability, survival, apoptosis, and glucose utilization of tumor cells in late tumor‐bearing stage accompanied by an altered tumor acidosis and expression of cell survival regulatory molecules: HIF‐1α, p53, Bcl2, caspase‐activated DNase, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IFN‐γ, TGF‐β, and VEGF. Glucose‐exposed tumor cells of late tumor‐bearing stage also show a declined susceptibility to the cytotoxic action of chemotherapeutic drugs: cisplatin and methotrexate, accompanied by an increased expression of MDR‐1 gene. Taken together the results show that hyperglycemic tumor microenvironment differentially alters tumor growth depending on the stage of tumor progression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toxicity, biodistribution, and ex vivo MRI detection of intravenously injected cationized ferritin
Authors: Beeman Scott C. , Georges Joseph F. , Bennett Kevin M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe goal of the work was to establish the toxicity and biodistribution of the superparamagnetic protein cationized ferritin (CF) after intravenous injection. Intravenously injected CF has been used to target the extracellular matrix with high specificity in the kidney glomerulus, allowing measurements of individual glomeruli using T‐weighted MRI. For the routine use of CF as an extracellular matrix‐specific tracer, it is important to determine whether CF is toxic. In this work, we investigated the renal and hepatic toxicity, leukocyte count, and clearance of intravenously injected CF. Furthermore, we studied CF labeling in several organs using MRI and immunohistochemistry. Serum measurements of biomarkers suggest that intravenous injection of CF is neither nephrotoxic nor hepatotoxic and does not increase leukocyte counts in healthy rats at a dose of 5.75 mg/100 g. In addition to known glomerular labeling, confocal and MRI suggest that intravenously injected CF labels the extracellular matrix of the hepatic sinusoid, extracellular glycocalyx of alveolar endothelial cells, and macrophages in the spleen. Liver T values suggest that CF is cleared by 7 days after injection. These results suggest that CF may serve as a useful contrast agent for detection of a number of structures and functions with minimal toxicity. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping of small objects using volume constraints
Authors: Liu Saifeng , Neelavalli Jaladhar , Cheng Yu‐Chung N. , Tang Jin , Mark Haacke E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMicrobleeds have been implicated to play a role in many neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The diameter of each microbleed has been used previously as a possible quantitative measure for grading microbleeds. We propose that magnetic susceptibility provides a new quantitative measure of extravasated blood. Recently, a Fourier‐based method has been used that allows susceptibility quantification from phase images for any arbitrarily shaped structures. However, when very small objects, such as microbleeds, are considered, the accuracy of this susceptibility mapping method still remains to be evaluated. In this article, air bubbles and glass beads are taken as microbleed surrogates to evaluate the quantitative accuracy of the susceptibility mapping method. We show that when an object occupies only a few voxels, an estimate of the true volume of the object is necessary for accurate susceptibility quantification. Remnant errors in the quantified susceptibilities and their sources are evaluated. We show that quantifying magnetic moment, rather than the susceptibility of these small structures, may be a better and more robust alternative. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid error reduction for block Gauss–Seidel based on p‐hierarchical basis
Authors: Le Borne S. , Ovall J.S. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYWe consider a two‐level block Gauss–Seidel iteration for solving systems arising from finite element discretizations employing higher‐order elements. A p‐hierarchical basis is used to induce this block structure. Using superconvergence results normally employed in the analysis of gradient recovery schemes, we argue that a massive reduction of the H1‐error occurs in the first iterate, so that the discrete solution is adequately resolved in very few iterates—sometimes a single iteration is sufficient. Numerical experiments on uniform and adapted meshes support these claims. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a social dependency scale
Authors: Benoliel Jeanne Q. , McCorkle Ruth , Young Katherine 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSocial dependence was defined in terms of three capacities identified as necessary for the performance of an adult role. The three capacities are everyday self‐care competence, mobility competence, and social competence. Measurement of these concepts was facilitated through the use of 12 6‐point scales (4 for each capacity). Scores were then computed for each capacity (range 4–24) and for all three capacities together (range 12–72). Operationally, social dependence was defined as the sum of the individual's scores in the three areas: everyday self‐care competence, mobility competence, and social competence. The revised instrument was tested on 60 subjects with advanced diseases to determine its reliability. The reliability coefficient alpha was .90, and the standardized‐item alpha was .91.
Life events, emotional support, and health of older people
Authors: Fuller Sarah S. , Larson Sandra B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe effects of life events, emotional support, interaction of life events and emotional support, and age on indices of physical and psychological health were examined within a hierarchical multiple‐regression design. Fifty older people who were randomly selected from among the residents of a high‐rise apartment building provided retrospective data on their life events and emotional support. These same subjects provided more recent data on their functional health, distress arising from chronic health problems, and four indices of morale (agitation, attitude toward own aging, lonely dissatisfaction, and a combined index of the morale dimensions). As expected, significant multivariate effects were demonstrated on all but two measures: distress arising from chronic health problems and attitude toward own aging. Examination of the independent contributions to these effects showed variations depending on the health index of focus. Expected moderations of the effects of life events by emotional support effects were not demonstrated. Results are discussed in relationship to previous research and the theoretical expectation that emotional support would moderate the effects of life events on health.
Social support sources and psychological well‐being in older women with heart disease
Authors: Friedman Maureen M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA test of the compensatory hierarchical model of social support sources was conducted in a sample of 80 older women with heart disease. Relationships of support sources to measures of psychological well‐being also were investigated. Emotional and tangible support sources fit the model with the exception that unmarried women without children named friends more often than extended family as emotional support sources. Receipt of emotional support from nonfamily members rather than from sources including family members was related to lower positive affect. Similarly, receipt of tangible support from nonfamily members rather than from sources including family members was related to less satisfaction with life. Factors that disrupt the family relationships of older women with illness are worthy of further exploration.