bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural optimization and parameter investigation of trapezoidal shape soft pneumatic actuator
Authors: Vellaiyan Venkatesan , Venkateshkumar R , Bijalwan Vishwanath , Singh Yogesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of actuator design parameters on the performance of developed trapezoidal shaped soft pneumatic actuator, optimizes its geometric structure using the finite element method and validates its performance experimentally. To optimize the soft pneumatic actuator, the effects of structural parameters such as wall thickness, gap between the adjacent chambers, passive layer thickness, width of inside chamber and the bending angle of the actuator were evaluated. Finite Element Analysis is used to determine the displacement variation of actuator with different levels of applied pressures. A Global Analysis of Variance was conducted to determine the influence of variables affecting the displacements of soft pneumatic actuator was determined. The ANOVA results, a geometric actuator with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm, gap between chambers of 4 mm, passive layer thickness of 2 mm and the width of inside chamber of 4 mm is recommended for the actuator to be achieve maximum bend angle. The proposed actuator model can be used to select the suitable actuator for grasping soft objects without deformation. In addition, experiment was conducted to correlate the results with finite element analysis data.
Effect of β nucleating agent and rotational shear on morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene pipes
Authors: Abudurezhake Aerman , Yang Minghao , Gong Jiawei , Zhong Ganji , Li Zhongming , Fu Qiang , Gao Xueqin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Herein, we report a new method of introducing circumferential shear to PP pipes via a self-designed Rotational Shear System (RSS) with the addition of a β-nucleating agent (TMB-5). The prepared PP pipes exhibited remarkable enhancement in toughening and tensile strength over conventional PP pipes: incorporating 0.025 wt% of the nucleating agent into the sheared sample increased the elongation at break to 243.30%. At 0.05 wt% nucleating agent content, an optimal tensile strength of 40.98 MPa was attained compared to 33.62 MPa for unsheared PP, and the elongation at break also reached 108.09%. In creep tests, the PP pipes prepared with nucleating agents and shear rotation exhibited a minimum displacement of 2.1 mm and the lowest creep rate of 3.23×10− 5 mm/s. In addition, the samples also showed a high resistance to crack growth compared to conventional PP pipes with a crack initiation time of 24 h and a crack growth rate of 0.08 mm/s.
Impact of learning burnout on emotional and behavior problems among returned migrant middle school students: the mediating role of childhood abuse
Authors: Ran Fengjiao , Wu Rong , Luo Yuan , Ren Pengyu , Liu Yu , Luo Xi , Yang Xiantao , Gu Manting , Tuo Anxie , Yan Zheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose To explore the mediating role of childhood abuse (CA) in the relationship between emotional-behavioral problems (EBP) and learning burnout (LB) for returned migrant middle school students in Guizhou province, China.Methods 2,020 returned migrant secondary school students were obtained as the subjects of this study. The Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ), Adolescent Student Burnout Scale (ASBI), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) were used to assess EBP, LB, and CA among returned migrant secondary school students. Analyses were conducted using multiple linear regression models, mediation effects, and structural equation modeling.Results The detection rates of EBP among returned migrant middle school students in Guizhou Province were borderline (17.1%), and abnormal (11.9%). After adjusting for confounding factors such as demographics, the multiple linear regression model showed that LB positively predicted EPB (β = 0.490, P < 0.001), and CA positively predicted EBP (β = 0.235, P < 0.001). The results of the mediation effect model analysis, the direct effect value of LB on EBP was 0.666 (P < 0.001), and the mediating effect value of CA was 0.065 (P < 0.001). CA played a partially mediating role in the effect of LB on EBP, with a mediating effect percentage of 9.0%.Conclusion LB could directly and positively affect the EBP of returned migrant middle school students and indirectly and positively affect the EBP of returned migrant middle school students through CA.
Analysis of olaparib-induced hyperglycemia during three-month therapy with consideration of BMI of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Stanisławiak-Rudowicz Joanna , Szałek Edyta , Więckowska Barbara , Grześkowiak Edmund , Mądry Radosław 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction. Olaparib is a relatively new poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor administered to patients with ovarian cancer (OC) with a complete or partial response to first-line chemotherapy. One of the metabolic side effects of olaparib is disruption of glucose homeostasis, resulting in hyperglycemia
Aim. The aim of the study was the retrospective analysis of olaparib-induced hyperglycemia in OC patients with initial normoglycemia following I, II, and III cycle of olaparib treatment.
Methods. The study involved 32 OC patients, divided into three groups according to their BMI: normal BMI (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; n=13), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2; n=13), and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2; n=6). The fasting glucose (FG) levels were evaluated after I, II, and III cycle of olaparib treatment (a cycle means 28 days of olaparib treatment). The severity of observed hyperglycemia was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0).
Results. In the group with normal BMI, the increase of glycemia was statistically significant after I (p=0.0032) and II (p=0.0195) cycle of olaparib treatment, in the group with overweight – after III (p=0.0375) cycle, and in the group with obesity – after III cycle (p=0.0152). There were no statistically significant differences in glucose levels among the groups following I (p=0.7741), II (p=0.9418) and III cycle (p=0.3431). During olaparib treatment, grade 1 hyperglycemia with impaired fasting glucose levels (5.6–6.9 mmol/l) was found in 15 patients ( normal BMI: n=4, overweight n=9, and obesity n=2). Glycemia typical of diabetes (≥7.0 mmol/l) was observed in 1 obese patients.
Conclusions. Regardless of the weight of OC patients, glycemic control in the course of olaparib treatment is indicated.
Assessment of steel moment end plate connections under blast loading
Authors: Ebadi-Jamkhaneh Mehdi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the performance of steel frame connections subjected to blast loading using finite element analysis. The yield line theory was employed to design the connection end plate, and nine different connection configurations were created by modifying the base model. These configurations explored variations in end plate thickness, bolt diameter, and the presence of stiffeners, and doubling plates. The performance of each connection was evaluated based on failure modes, energy absorption patterns, and maximum frame displacement. The results revealed a brittle failure mode in the base model with bolt shearing and end plate rupture. Increasing the end plate thickness prevented end plate failure but resulted in bolt yielding. Implementing stiffeners improved energy absorption but caused undesirable stress concentrations in the column. Doubling plates effectively enhanced energy absorption in both the beam and column while mitigating bolt failures. Models 7 and 9 exhibited distinct energy absorption patterns compared to other models.
Implementation of an IoT-based Dip Coating System for The Fabrication of ZnO Thin Film
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Prenon Mariful Islam , Hossain Md Faruk 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The aim of this work is to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) based automatic dip-coating system for fabricating thin films. The main disadvantages of commercial dip-coating systems are their initial calibration complexity and the inability to handle operations through smartphones. The developed dip-coating system can be operated through smartphones and achieves dipping and withdrawal speeds ranging from 1 to 100 mm/min without disturbances caused by vibrations. The total expenditure for the IoT-based dip coater is below one hundred dollars, making it suitable for large-scale production. The structural properties, optical properties, surface morphology, and surface chemistry of ZnO thin films prepared by commercial, existing automatic, and developed IoT-based dip coating systems are investigated for performance comparison. ZnO thin films are successfully deposited on glass substrates, with the dipping process performed five times using a 1M concentration to achieve the desired film thickness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that ZnO possesses a hexagonal Wurtzite crystal structure. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) inspections show uniform layers, and chemical properties are analyzed using Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The thin films demonstrate over 80% optical transmittance in the 380 to 900 nm wavelength range. This inexpensive equipment supports scientific advancement for researchers unable to afford costly commercial systems, producing thin films with uniform thickness in the nanoscale range, revealing the effectiveness of the dip-coater.
Modelling Bluetongue and African horse sickness vector (Culicoides spp.) distribution in the Western Cape in South Africa using Random Forest machine learning
Authors: de Klerk Joanna N. , Tildesley Michael J. , Labuschagne Karien , Gorsich Erin E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Culicoides biting midges exhibit a global spatial distribution and are the main vectors of several viruses of veterinary importance, including bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS). Many environmental and anthropological factors contribute to their ability to live in a variety of habitats, which have the potential to change over the years as the climate changes. Therefore, as new habitats emerge, the risk for new introductions of these diseases of interest to occur increases. The aim of this study was to model distributions for two primary vectors for BT and AHS (Culicoides imicola and Culicoides bolitinos) using Random Forest (RF) machine learning and explore the relative importance of environmental and anthropological factors in a region of South Africa with frequent AHS and BT outbreaks.
Methods
Culicoides capture data were collected between 1996 and 2022 across 171 different capture locations in the Western Cape. Predictor variables included climate-related variables (temperature, precipitation, humidity), environment-related variables (NDVI, soil moisture) and farm-related variables (livestock densities). Random Forest (RF) models were developed to explore the spatial distributions of C. imicola, C. bolitinos, and a merged species map, where both competent vectors were combined. The maps were then compared to interpolation maps using the same capture data as well as historical locations of BT and AHS outbreaks.
Results
Overall, the RF models performed well with 75.02%, 61.6%. and 74.01% variance explained for C. imicola, C. bolitinos and merged species models respectively. Cattle density was the most important predictor variable for both species, whereas sheep density was the second most important for C. imicola, and water vapour pressure was the second for C. bolitinos. In comparison to interpolation maps, the RF models had higher predictive power throughout most of the year when species were modelled individually, however, when merged, the interpolation maps performed better in all seasons except the winter. Finally, midge densities did not show any conclusive correlation with BT or AHS outbreaks.
Conclusion
This study yielded novel insight into the spatial abundance and drivers of abundance of competent vectors of BT and AHS. It also provided valuable data to inform mathematical models exploring disease outbreaks so that Culicoidestransmitted diseases in South Africa can be further analysed.
The Impact of Threshing Unit Structure and Parameters on Enhancing Rice Threshing Performance
Authors: Abdeen Mohamed Anwer , Wu Weibin , Salem Abouelnadar El. , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Salem Ali , Metwally Khaled A. , Elwakeel Abdallah Elshawadfy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Improving rice threshing unit performance and structure significantly optimizes the thresher's overall efficiency by raising production per unit time while lowering costs and power consumption. This study introduced a new threshing device for rice combine (drum-shaped). It evaluated the threshing device performance using two threshers' structures under different rotating speeds of 1100, 1300, and 1500 rpm and feeding rates of 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 kg/s. The studied parameters were evaluated through statistical analysis regarding thresher throughput, efficiency, seed damage, and specific energy. The experimental parameters greatly affected the whole performance of the threshing unit as the throughput, seed damage, and threshing efficiency positively correlated with the thresher speed and feeding rate. Also, the specific energy is reduced while increasing the thresher rotating speed. The newly designed thresher increased the threshing throughput from 2304 to 2448 kg/h and maximized the efficiency from 98.6 to 99.07% at 1500 rpm rotation speed and 1.8 kg/s feeding rate. Moreover, it reduced the specific energy from 3.37 to 3.15 kW.h/ton for the experimental variables 1100 rpm speed and 1.4 kg/s feeding. The new thresher's lowest damage rate of 0.24% was recorded at a feeding rate of 0.8 kg/s and 1100 rotating speed. These results highlight the distinct effect of the new thresher structure and operating parameters on the rice threshing device's overall effectiveness for medium-sized combine harvesters.
Young Adults’ Desired Life Tradeoffs: Love First, Sex Last
Authors: Benenson Joyce F. , Markovits Henry 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Every human and non-animal must make tradeoffs in investments in terms of time, energy, and resources. The aim of this study was to extrapolate from the types of investments in survival and mating that non-human animals make and translate these into human motivations. 16 potential goals were presented to 851 childless, 18-23-year-old adults from 11 world regions in an online study. Each young adult was asked to weight the importance of every goal to his or her ideal life. Weights had to sum to 100, requiring tradeoffs. Results revealed striking agreement across young adults with only four goals weighted above chance. The two most important goals were having a mutually loving romantic relationship and being healthy followed by earning money or resources, with lots of sexual partners the least important goal. Helping young adults achieve success requires understanding their goals, rather than focusing on popular media’s depictions of what young adults should desire.
Accuracy of digital image correlation system for compressive behaviour of wood
Authors: Teranishi Masaki , Matsubara Doppo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The digital image correlation (DIC) system is a powerful tool for measuring distributions of displacement and strain on the surface of a specimen. DIC systems are employed not only for homogeneous materials such as metals but also for heterogeneous materials such as wood. Although numerous validations of DIC system accuracy for metallic materials exist, accuracy verification for wood, especially under multiaxial stress conditions, is less common. This study investigated the accuracy of a DIC system equipped with a bilateral telecentric lens on wood (Douglas fir). The accuracy verification in uniaxial stress fields was conducted through full compression testing, while verification in multiaxial stress fields was performed through partial compression testing. Additionally, compression tests on A6063 (aluminium alloy) were conducted to examine the differences in DIC system accuracy between homogeneous and heterogeneous materials. The accuracy of the DIC system was assessed by comparing the results with those obtained from strain gauges. The results from the full compression tests indicate that the accuracy of axial strain measured by the DIC system was comparable for the specimens of A6063 and Douglas fir in the longitudinal (L) direction but was inferior for Douglas fir in the radial (R) direction. Furthermore, the differences in Young’s modulus obtained from the DIC system and strain gauge for the specimens of A6063, Douglas fir (L), and Douglas fir (R) were 2.3%, 2.4%, and 13.7%, respectively. In the partial compression tests, the accuracy of equivalent strain measured by the DIC system in the specimens of Douglas fir (R) was lower than that in A6063, attributable to a high strain gradient in the attachment region of the strain gauge. A novel variable was proposed using the standard deviation of strain to evaluate this strain gradient within the region. This variable demonstrated correspondence to the difference in equivalent strain obtained from the DIC system and the triaxial strain gauge, regardless of the material’s homogeneity or heterogeneity.
TSGH: Two Stage Graph Hashing for Supervised Cross-Modal Retrieval
Authors: Sun Weijun , Fang Yuhang , Liao Tao , Ni Haomin , Li Chaoye , Han Na 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Hashing cross-modal retrieval methods aim to retrieve different modalities and learn common semantics with low storage and time cost. Although many excellent hashing methods have been proposed in the past decades, there are still some issues. For example, most methods focus on the Euclidean domain, ignoring the graph-structure information contained in data points, so outliers and noise in the Euclidean domain will cause a drop in accuracy. Some methods only learn a latent subspace, which may be unreasonable because the dimensionality of the modalities is not the same as the distribution. To address these issues, we propose a hashing technique called Two Stage Graph Hashing (TSGH). In the first stage, we first learn a specific latent subspace for each modality using Collective Matrix Decomposition and the proposed Graph Convolutional Network (GCN). Therefore, the learned subspace contains the features of Euclidean and non-Euclidean domains, which can eliminate the influence of noise and outliers in the dataset. And then, Global Approximation is used to align the subspaces of the different modalities, so that high-level shared semantics can be explored. Finally, discrete hash codes are learned from the latent subspace and their semantic similarity. In the second stage, we design a linear classifier as the hash function and propose Local Similarity Preservation to capture the local relationship between hash codes and Hamming spaces. To verify the effectiveness of TSGH, we conduct extensive experiments on three public datasets. We achieve the best results compared to previous SOTA methods, illustrating the superiority of TSGH.
DA-ViViT: Fatigue detection framework using joint and facial keypoint features with dynamic distributed attention video vision transformer
Authors: Deng Fangjie , Yang Chao , Guo Hui , Wang Yansong , Xu Lipeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Fatigue driving stands as a primary contributor to severe traffic accidents. Despite notable advancements in fatigue monitoring techniques, current methods frequently overlook the utilization of shifts in drivers' body postures induced by fatigue. These postural changes can offer valuable indicators of drivers' levels of alertness and degree of fatigue. Therefore, a real-time system with the ability to process body information is needed. This study presents a novel framework that integrates facial fatigue characteristics with alterations in drivers' upper body postures to comprehensively monitor fatigue across multiple dimensions. The neural network architecture at the core of the proposed approach utilizes a video vision transformer framework, with the self-attention mechanism optimized to accommodate the magnitude of fatigue-induced posture changes. This optimization ensures high accuracy while simultaneously reducing computational expenses. This gives the approach the potential for embedded deployment. According to requirements, the standard DMD dataset captured in real-world driving scenarios has been selected for validating the proposed method. In terms of accuracy, compared to detection methods that solely rely on facial and upper body poses, the multi-feature fatigue detection approach has achieved an improvement of 3.4% and 11.9%, reaching 96.24%. Additionally, it has been observed that the adoption of the Dynamic Distributed Attention-based backbone has led to a significant increase in inference speed of over 30%.
Chronological and Subjective Aging on the Housing Spectrum in the City of Wrocław, Poland
Authors: Mokrzycki Paul Jan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aging experiences are dependent on where an individual identifies on the housing spectrum. This research study examines a biopsychosocial marker of aging subjective age, among participants in a subsample of residents experiencing the energy crisis in the city of Wrocław, Poland. Survey questions included housing status, participant date of birth and how old participants felt. Their borough and districts of residence, as well as gender identities, were also recorded. From these results, mental differences were calculated. Regarding housing status, participants identified as home owners, home renters, temporarily housed, residents of social housing, and residents of communal housing. Descriptive and frequency data was analyzed. Inferential tests were conducted on survey responses to further examine the differences between housing status and aging differences. Findings revealed statistically significant differences among gender, housing status, borough, and aging results. The discussion identifies vulnerable populations, and recommends primary prevention and policy interventions.
DNA barcoding reveals mislabeling of endangered sharks sold as swordfish in New England fish markets
Authors: Eppley Madeline G. , Coote Thomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Mislabeling of shark and swordfish meat poses a substantial challenge to conservation of rapidly declining pelagic shark populations in the North Atlantic, so routine market assessments are critical. New England’s southern region of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island has a historic reliance on fisheries and seafood consumption, including sharks and swordfish. The visual similarity of shark and swordfish meat is considerable, and as such, this study aimed to evaluate mislabeling of shark for swordfish meat collected from markets and grocery stores in New England in 2019. DNA barcoding was used on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene to determine unambiguous identification of 38 collected samples, which were either labeled as Shortfin Mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), Common Thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus), or swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in market. Mako, an IUCN Red List Endangered species and Thresher, an IUCN Red List vulnerable species, are additionally listed on the CITES Appendix II List. Barcoding and phylogenetic analysis revealed four mislabeled samples for a total substitution rate of 10.5%. One substitution, labeled ‘Mako’ in the market, was identified as Thresher shark. Three further substitutions, labeled as ‘Swordfish’ in the market were identified as Mako, Alopias spp., and a Lamnid shark, all of which are endangered or threatened shark species. As samples were collected just before implementation of major import monitoring programs and a Mako fishing ban in the United States, this study has established a temporal baseline that can be used to determine if market mislabeling has decreased as a result of these conservation initiatives.