bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a multifrequency quasi‐static Ritz vector method for frequency‐dependent acoustic system application
Authors: Yoon Gil Ho 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYComputational issues concerning the calculation of acoustic responses of a complex finite element (FE) model for various noise and vibration inputs have become prevalent. Such a model requires a significant amount of computation time because of repeated inversions of dynamic stiffness matrices. Thus, even state‐of‐the‐art computer hardware and software often face limitations where a model order reduction (MOR) scheme can help. The established MOR schemes such as Ritz vector or quasi‐static Ritz vector methods are efficient for general engineering systems, but these MOR methods become inaccurate for frequency response analyses in some acoustic systems with frequency‐dependent mass and stiffness matrices and force vectors (hereinafter frequency‐dependent acoustic systems). To cope with the inaccurate prediction by these methods for frequency‐dependent acoustic systems, this research presents and applies the multifrequency quasi‐static Ritz vector method. Unlike the Ritz vector or quasi‐static Ritz vector methods, the present multifrequency quasi‐static Ritz vector method employs direct Krylov subspace bases without an orthonormal procedure at multiple center frequencies. In comparison with the existing MOR scheme, a significant gain in computational efficiency is achieved, as well as enhanced accuracy. A comparison of these methods based on criteria such as efficiency, accuracy, and reliability was also conducted. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudes toward prenatal testing and pregnancy termination among a diverse population of parents of children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kuppermann Miriam , Nakagawa Sanae , Cohen Shana Raquel , Dominguez‐Pareto Irenka , Shaffer Brian L. , Holloway Susan D. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo determine how parents of children with intellectual disabilities view prenatal testing and pregnancy termination for their child's condition.MethodWe interviewed 201 English‐speaking or Spanish‐speaking caregivers of children aged 2 to 10 years. Primary outcomes were being disinclined to undergo prenatal testing or pregnancy termination for the child's condition in a future pregnancy.ResultsWhile only 33% of the sample indicated they would not have prenatal testing, 75% were disinclined to terminate their pregnancy if their fetus was affected. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, Asians were significantly less likely than White participants to say they would forego prenatal testing (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01–0.86, p = 0.037), while Latinos had lower odds of being disinclined to terminate (aOR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.07–0.99, p = 0.048). Participants who felt that abortion for their child's condition should not be available were more likely to say they would forego prenatal testing (aOR = 5.10, 95% CI = 2.09–12.43, p < 0.001) and, not surprisingly, they were also at higher odds of being disinclined to terminate pregnancy for this condition (aOR = 13.63, 95% = CI 4.19–44.34, p < 0.001). Greater life satisfaction also was associated with being disinclined to terminate pregnancy (aOR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.34–8.61, p = 0.010).ConclusionAlthough many parents of children with intellectual disabilities believe they would desire information regarding their fetus in a future pregnancy, most feel they would not opt to terminate their pregnancy. As new tests for intellectual disabilities become available, determining what would be most useful to prospective parents should become a high priority. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of nuchal translucency for prenatal screening of congenital heart defects: a population‐based evaluation
Authors: Jouannic Jean‐Marie , Thieulin Anne‐Claire , Bonnet Damien , Houyel Lucile , Lelong Nathalie , Goffinet François , Khoshnood Babak 
Published: October 2011

Objectives(1) Assess sensitivity of the measurement of nuchal translucency (NT), for the prenatal screening of congenital heart defect (CHD) on population‐based data; (2) examine whether the sensitivity of NT varies for specific types of cardiac defects.MethodsUsing population‐based data of the Paris Registry of Congenital Malformation for 935 fetuses with CHD and without chromosomal anomalies for the period 2001 to 2007, we calculated sensitivity of NT, its positive predictive value and likelihood ratio, for all CHD and for six types of CHD.ResultsSensitivity of NT was 7.1 and 4.2% for the 2.5 and 3.5 mm cut‐off values, respectively; when isolated ventricular septal defects were excluded, sensitivity increased to 9.9 and 6.3%. Positive predictive values were 1.1 and 3.2% for 2.5 and 3.5 mm cut‐offs, respectively. Of the six defects examined, sensitivity of NT was highest for heterotaxy followed by hypoplastic left heart syndrome and coarctation of aorta.ConclusionPrevalence of CHD was about fourfold higher for fetuses with NT ≥ 3.5 mm (3.2%) than in the general population. This higher risk is comparable to that of other risk factors commonly used for early referral to specialized echocardiography. Nevertheless, our results, suggest that NT is not a very effective or efficient tool for the prenatal screening of CHD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormalities: The perspective of Indian lay persons and medical practitioners
Authors: Phadke Shubha R. , Agarwal Meenal , Aggarwal Shagun 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveThe objective of this article was to ascertain the opinion of lay persons and medical practitioners in India regarding late termination of pregnancies (LTOP) for fetal abnormalities.MethodsOne hundred and fifty lay persons and 120 medical practitioners were given separate questionnaires and asked their opinions regarding LTOP for prenatally detected fetal abnormalities of varying severity. The views regarding legalisation of LTOP and the acceptability of feticide by the lay persons were also ascertained.ResultsMore than two‐thirds of the lay persons and majority (85.8%) of clinicians felt that LTOP should be allowed for fetal conditions with poor prognosis. At least 70% of lay persons felt that LTOP should be legalised for severe fetal abnormalities. For potentially treatable conditions, continuation of pregnancy in late gestation was the preferred option. For lethal malformations like anencephaly and disorders requiring lifelong treatment like meningomylocele and thalassemia major, majority of clinicians (86.7%, 69.2% and 55.8%, respectively) and lay persons (65%, 51% and 25%, respectively) had the opinion that termination of pregnancy can be offered at any gestational age.ConclusionBoth the lay persons as well as the medical fraternity in India feel the need to look into revision of legalisation of LTOP particularly for fetal conditions with poor outcome. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis: pregnant women's interest and expected uptake
Authors: Tischler Reana , Hudgins Louanne , Blumenfeld Yair J. , Greely Henry T. , Ormond Kelly E. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate pregnant women's level of future interest in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) and what factors might affect expected uptake of this testing.MethodWritten questionnaires were administered to women in their third trimester.ResultsOne hundred fourteen women returned the questionnaire (80.9% response rate). Of these, 71.9% reported interest in NIPD, 22.7% were ambivalent, and 5.4% were uninterested. Safety of the fetus was the single most important factor in 75% of women's decisions. Factors associated with increased interest in NIPD included: older age (p = 0.036), higher education (p = 0.013), Caucasian or Asian ethnicity (p = 0.011), and higher likelihood to terminate an affected pregnancy (p = 0.002). Nearly 20% of women reported that they would do whatever their doctor recommended regarding NIPD, and 94.4% of women wished to meet with a genetic counselor at some point to discuss NIPD.ConclusionThe majority of pregnant women report hypothetical interest in NIPD, primarily because of increased safety for the fetus, although a significant minority are uninterested or ambivalent. Discussions with healthcare providers regarding NIPD, and their recommendations, are likely to be an important factor in women's decisions about this testing. As such, adequate discussion of the implications of prenatal diagnostic testing will be critical. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is the starting section for 3D volume acquisition in the first trimester relevant in the post hoc analysis of aneuploidy screening markers and fetal anatomy?
Authors: Borrell Antoni , Santolaya‐Forgas Joaquin , Horbaczewski Cynthia , Henry Roshni Dorothy , Dunn‐Albanese Lisa , Robinson Julian N. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo determine the ability to assess the fetal anatomy and ultrasound screening markers using three‐dimensional (3D) volumes acquired during the 11th to 13th  week scan, in relation to whether a fetal profile could be used as a starting section.MethodsPost hoc analysis of 3D ultrasound volumes acquired at 11 to 13 weeks in 223 pregnancies was performed to identify the appropriate sections for evaluation of three screening markers and ten fetal anatomy landmarks. When possible, the fetal profile was used as the starting section for volume acquisition.ResultsWhen the fetal profile was used, satisfactory images for assessment were obtained in 90% of cases for nuchal translucency and 72% for the nasal bone, whereas successful evaluation of the ten anatomical landmarks ranged from 0 to 99%. In alternative starting sections, the corresponding success rates were 65%, 48%, and 0–95%.ConclusionAlthough performance of post hoc analysis of 3D volumes is best when carried out from a profile starting section and quicker than two‐dimensional analysis, it appears to be not ready for clinical use because nuchal translucency could not be examined in 10% of the fetuses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of homozygous alpha‐thalassemia‐1 by cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal plasma
Authors: Sirichotiyakul S. , Charoenkwan P. , Sanguansermsri T. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the use of cell‐free fetal DNA (cff‐DNA) to determine fetal status in pregnant women who were risk for having Hb Bart's.MethodsPlasma DNA was extracted from 10 mL of maternal blood from couples who both were alpha‐thalassemia‐1 carriers (SEA deletion). Real time quantitative PCR was performed using fluorescence‐labeled probes to monitor wild type (wt) and SEA allele. The quantity of each allele was determined by cycle threshold (Ct). ΔCt (Ct of wt– Ct of SEA) was calculated from each sample. Prenatal diagnosis was performed to determine fetal status.ResultThere were 62 Hb Bart's, 62 alpha‐trait and 34 normal fetuses in this study. Mean ΔCt was 1.04 ± 0.38, 0.21 ± 0.37 and 0.14 ± 0.55 in Hb Bart's, alpha‐trait and normal fetuses, respectively. Based on ROC, the best cut‐off of ΔCt for predicting Hb Bart's was 0.51, giving 98.4% sensitivity and 20.8% false‐positive rate. All but one Hb Bart's (98.4%) had ΔCt above 0.51, whereas 74.2% of alpha‐trait and 88.2% of normal fetuses had ΔCt below 0.51.ConclusionThere is a positive trend to use cff‐DNA in maternal plasma for prenatal diagnosis of homozygous alpha‐thalassemia‐1. With this technique, invasive prenatal testing and complications can be avoided in 79.2% of unaffected fetuses. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of first trimester placental growth factor in serum and whole blood
Authors: Cowans N. J. , Alfthan H. , Stenman U. H. , Spencer K. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundPlacental growth factor (PlGF) is a proposed first‐trimester screening marker for pre‐eclampsia. This study investigates the stability of PlGF in serum and whole blood at typical routine storage temperatures.MethodsSerum pools were stored at refrigerator temperature, room temperature or 30 °C for up to 30 days, or exposed to up to six freeze–thaw cycles. Whole blood was stored at room temperature or 30 °C for up to 6 days. PlGF was quantified using a DELFIA Xpress analyser.ResultsPlacental growth factor levels increased over time, seemingly because of the dissociation of PlGF bound to a soluble binding protein, sFlt‐1. Increase was slow in serum at refrigerator temperature, remaining stable (less than 10% change from start point) for at least 30 days. At room temperature PlGF was stable for 3.3 days and at 30 °C for 1 day. Serum PlGF remained stable for at least six freeze–thaw cycles. In whole blood, instability was worse, being stable for only 19.4 h at room temperature and just 3.3 h at 30 °C.ConclusionRoutine screening of sample handling requires careful monitoring. However, no extra precautions need to be taken when PlGF is used for pre‐eclampsia screening run alongside existing first trimester aneuploidy screening programs that include hCGβ. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe cervical scoliosis in the fetus
Authors: Prada Carlos E. , Sellars Elizabeth A. , Spaeth Christine G. , Kline‐Fath Beth M. , Crombleholme Timothy M. , Hopkin Robert J. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveThis study provides prenatal characteristics and postnatal outcomes of patients with severe cervical scoliosis.MethodsA retrospective analysis of clinical information from cases prenatally diagnosed with severe cervical scoliosis (>90° angulation) in the Fetal Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center between 2007 and 2010 was performed. We excluded iniencephaly and tumors of the head or neck.ResultsWe identified five patients with severe cervical scoliosis. The fetal spine abnormality was diagnosed between 18 and 27 weeks of gestation. Classical cesarean section was recommended in all patients. There were no immediate airway or neurological complications in the delivery room. Extravertebral anomalies were present in four of the five patients. These patients had a more complicated clinical course and three separate syndromes including a complex collagenopathy, heterotaxy, and Klippel–Feil syndrome were identified. One patient had an isolated cervical deformation secondary to a large uterine fibroid with a benign clinical course. None of the infants have required spinal surgery.ConclusionOur patients suggest that connective tissue diseases or heterotaxy may be important risk factors for the development of severe cervical scoliosis. There were no significant long‐term complications directly related to cervical scoliosis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal peptidase I: Cleaving the way to mature proteins
Authors: Auclair Sarah M. , Bhanu Meera K. , Kendall Debra A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSignal peptidase I (SPase I) is critical for the release of translocated preproteins from the membrane as they are transported from a cytoplasmic site of synthesis to extracytoplasmic locations. These proteins are synthesized with an amino‐terminal extension, the signal sequence, which directs the preprotein to the Sec‐ or Tat‐translocation pathway. Recent evidence indicates that the SPase I cleaves preproteins as they emerge from either pathway, though the steps involved are unclear. Now that the structure of many translocation pathway components has been elucidated, it is critical to determine how these components work in concert to support protein translocation and cleavage. Molecular modeling and NMR studies have provided insight on how the preprotein docks on SPase I in preparation for cleavage. This is a key area for future work since SPase I enzymes in a variety of species have now been identified and the inhibition of these enzymes by antibiotics is being pursued. The eubacterial SPase I is essential for cell viability and belongs to a unique group of serine endoproteases which utilize a Ser‐Lys catalytic dyad instead of the prototypical Ser‐His‐Asp triad used by eukaryotes. As such, SPase I is a desirable antimicrobial target. Advances in our understanding of how the preprotein interfaces with SPase I during the final stages of translocation will facilitate future development of inhibitors that display a high efficacy against SPase I function.
Cation distribution study of nanocrystalline NiFe2−xCrxO4ferrite by XRD, magnetization and Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Patange Sunil M. , Shirsath Sagar E. , Jadhav Santosh S. , Jadhav Kamalakar M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe spinel ferrite systems NiFe2−xCrxO4(withx = 0.0–1.0 in step of 0.2) were prepared by wet chemical co‐precipitation method, using sulphates of respective metal ions. Formation of single phase spinel crystal structure of sample has been confirmed by X‐ray diffraction method. Magnetic parameters such as coercivity and saturation magnetization are measured by employing vibrating samples magnetometer (VSM). The saturation magnetization and magneton number (nB) decreases with increase in Cr3+contentx. The Mössbauer spectra taken at 300 K and spectra are assigned to two strongly overlapping sextets corresponding to tetrahedral A sites and octahedral B sites. The cation distribution of ferrites system has been calculated by X‐ray method, the behaviour of magnetization curve and Mössbauer spectra. The evaluation of cation distribution indicates that, in Cr‐dominant region, few nickel ions occupies tetrahedral A sites which convert perfect inverse spinel to partially normal spinel structure.
The influence of diffusion temperature on the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of nickel‐doped zinc oxysulfide thin films
Authors: Polat İsmail , Aksu Serdar , Altunbaş Mustafa , Bacaksız Emin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe investigated the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Ni–Zn(O,S) films. The Zn(O,S) films were deposited by a spray pyrolysis method on glass substrate. A thin Ni layer evaporated on these films served as the source for the diffusion doping. The XRD of the undoped films revealed the presence of two wurtzite phases corresponding to zinc sulfide (ZnS) and ZnO with a strong preferred orientation along the ZnS [002] direction. Results from scanning electron microscopy showed arrays of hexagonal micro‐rods perpendicular to the substrate. Results from energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy studies employing varying accelerating voltages suggested that Ni atomic concentration decreased towards to the back of the films in all Ni diffusion‐doped samples but a more uniform distribution was obtained at increasing annealing temperatures. The optical transmission measurements showed that both undoped and Ni diffusion‐doped films had a low average transmittance in the range of 8–35%. A decrease in the band gap was observed with Ni‐doping from 3.44 to 3.38 eV upon diffusion‐doping. The magnetization of films as a function of magnetic field and temperature were measured. Clear ferromagnetic loops were observed for the Ni–Zn(O,S) films.
Quantitative phase and absorption tomography with an X‐ray grating interferometer and synchrotron radiation
Authors: Zanette I. , Weitkamp T. , Lang S. , Langer M. , Mohr J. , David C. , Baruchel J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report on a study on the accuracy and precision of X‐ray phase and absorption tomograms obtained with a grating interferometer using monochromatic synchrotron radiation. The quantitative assessment of the performances of the X‐ray interferometer is a fundamental aspect in the interpretation of the results obtained with this device. The work presented in this paper consists in the comparison of experimental with calculated three‐dimensional distributions of the X‐ray refractive index in a phantom sample made of known materials. The quality of phase and absorption tomograms has been determined with respect to their sensitivity and contrast‐to‐noise ratios. Moreover, the effect of image artifacts typical in phase contrast imaging based on the phase‐stepping technique, especially stripe features generated by the phase wrapping phenomenon, has been investigated by comparison with numerical simulations. The results show that the artifacts cannot only be qualitatively explained by the calculations, but they can even be quantitatively reproduced.
High frequency operation of a spin‐torque oscillator at low field
Authors: Mohseni S. M. , Sani S. R. , Persson J. , Anh Nguyen T. N. , Chung S. , Pogoryelov Ye. , Åkerman Johan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate a nano‐contact based spin‐torque oscillator (STO) combining a high operating frequency with low field operation. The STO is based on an orthogonal spin‐valve architecture with an in‐plane Co polarizer and an out‐of‐plane Co/Ni multilayer free layer. High frequency operation at low external fields is achieved by tailoring the Co/Ni layer properties to increase the strength (Hk) of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, while simultaneously reducing the saturation magnetization (Ms). Our approach emphasizes the importance of μ0(Hk–Ms) in determining the operating frequency in this system, and suggests that yet higher frequencies should be attainable through further optimization.magnified image(© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RF transmission properties of graphene monolayers with width variation
Authors: Lee Hee‐Jo , Kim Eunho , Lee Won‐Jun , Jung Jongwan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report the radio‐frequency transmission properties and distributed elements of chemical vapour deposition (CVD)‐grown graphene monolayers with width variation using a coplanar waveguide electrode in the microwave region. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation of a honeycomb texture for multicrystalline silicon solar cells using an inkjetted mask
Authors: Nievendick Jan , Specht Jan , Zimmer Martin , Zahner Lorenz , Glover William , Stüwe David , Rentsch Jochen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn effective way to reduce the reflection of a multicrystalline solar cell is the use of a honeycomb structure, which can be generated by etching a mask isotropically. In this Letter, a directly printed hexagonal inkjet mask is presented. It results in a honeycomb texture with well developed and defined etch pits at an average distance of 50.1 μm and a weighted reflection of 18.4%. The major advantage of this mask is that the masking process is simple and that it has the potential of being fast and having low costs.magnified imageTopographical image of the texture created with the hexagonal inkjet mask presented in this paper.(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Principles in Quality Assurance, Part 4: Putting it all Together
Authors: Jones Anthony B. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThis is the fourth and final part of the Principles in Quality Assurance series. Previous articles discussed the need for steering principles, the definition and application of GLP concepts, and the larger context of a model for effective Quality Assurance. The preceding paper proposed the use of the “Grip/Build/Engage” (GBE) model as a structure to improve the impact of Quality Assurance, giving an overview as well as some details of the “Grip” phase ‐ defining story, structure and standards for Quality Assurance. This current part will review the other components of the GBE model and how Quality Assurance engage to produce the maximum positive impact. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.