bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genetics of adaptation to novel environments: selection on germination timing in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: MOYERS BROOK T. , KANE NOLAN C. 
Published: March 2010

When studying selection during adaptation to novel environments, researchers have often paid little attention to an organism’s earliest developmental stages. Despite this lack of attention, early life history traits may be under strong selection during colonization, as the expression of adaptive phenotypes at later points is contingent upon early survival. Moreover, the timing of early developmental transitions can constrain the timing of later transitions, with potentially large effects on fitness. In this issue, Huang et al. (2010) underscore the importance of early life history traits in the adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana to old‐field sites in North America. Using a new population of mapped recombinant inbred lines, the authors examined germination timing and total lifetime fitness of A. thaliana while varying site latitude, dispersal season, and maternal photoperiod. Huang et al. (2010) discovered several Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) with large effects on fitness that colocalized with QTL for field germination timing and seed dormancy—demonstrating that fitness is genetically associated with these early life history traits, and that these loci are likely under strong selection during adaptation to novel environments. In the epistatic interactions of some loci, recombinant genotypes outperformed parental genotypes, supporting the potentially adaptive role of recombination. This study provides elegant evidence that traits expressed early in an organism’s development can play an important role during adaptive evolution.
Active Immunization with Glucose‐Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Vaccine Influences Brain Function and Behaviour in Rats
Authors: Tian J.‐Q. , Wang Y. , Lin N. , Guo Y.‐J. , Sun S.‐H. , Zou D.‐J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGlucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is involved in the aetiology of obesity induced by overnutrition, and blocking GIP activity may be valuable to anti‐obesity treatment. However, GIP and GIP receptor are closely related to various brain functions which have caused very little data to be published concerning this cerebral functionality after blocking GIP activity. Here, we showed that active vaccination of mature rats with GIP immunoconjugates [GIP‐keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)] was associated with changes in body weight. Furthermore, we also observed significant changes in brain function and behaviour. Data indicated that GIP‐KLH‐immunized rats showed decreased spontaneous activity in the open field test, decreased cerebral glucose utilization assessed by 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and increased apoptosis and proliferation of hippocampal granule cells marked by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) or proliferating cell nuclear antigen method. In conclusion, we have shown that vaccine‐induced antibodies inhibited GIP activity in vivo and led to significant changes in brain function and behaviour, which underscore the need to address any potential problems GIP‐targeted immunotherapy may involve in further research.
High mortality in orthotopic liver transplant recipients who require hemodialysis
Authors: Zand Martin S. , Orloff Mark S. , Abt Peter , Patel Siddharth , Tsoulfas George , Kashyap Randeep , Jain Ashok , Safadjou Saman , Bozorgzadeh Adel 
Published: March 2010

Zand MS, Orloff MS, Abt P, Patel S, Tsoulfas G, Kashyap R, Jain A, Safadjou S, Bozorgzadeh A. High mortality in orthotopic liver transplant recipients who require hemodialysis.  Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 213–221. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Acute renal failure is a significant risk factor for death in patients with liver failure. The goal of this study was to analyze the impact of peri‐transplant dialysis on the long‐term mortality of liver transplant recipients. We performed a single‐center, retrospective cohort study of 743 adult liver transplants; patients who received first liver transplants were divided into four groups: those who received more than one dialysis treatment (hemodialysis [HD], continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis [CVVH]) pre‐orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), post OLT, pre‐ and post OLT, and those not dialyzed. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean survival time for patients who were not dialyzed or dialyzed only pre‐OLT. Mean survival times were markedly reduced in patients dialyzed post OLT or both pre‐ and post OLT compared with those never dialyzed. Mortality risk in a Cox proportional hazards model correlated with hemodialysis post OLT, intra‐operative vasopressin or neosynephrine, donor age >50 yr, Cr >1.5 mg/dL at transplant, and need for subsequent retransplant. Risk of post‐OLT dialysis was correlated with pre‐OLT dialysis, intra‐operative levophed, pre‐OLT diabetes, African American race, pre‐OLT Cr >1.5, and male gender. We conclude that renal failure requiring hemodialysis post liver transplant, irrespective of pre‐transplant dialysis status, is a profound risk factor for death in liver transplant recipients.
Kidney transplantation from donation after cardiac death donors: lack of impact of delayed graft function on post‐transplant outcomes
Authors: Singh Rajinder P. , Farney Alan C. , Rogers Jeffrey , Zuckerman Jack , Reeves‐Daniel Amber , Hartmann Erica , Iskandar Samy , Adams Patricia , Stratta Robert J. 
Published: March 2010

Singh RP, Farney AC, Rogers J, Zuckerman J, Reeves‐Daniel A, Hartmann E, Iskandar S, Adams P, Stratta RJ. Kidney transplantation from donation after cardiac death donors: lack of impact of delayed graft function on post‐transplant outcomes.  Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 255–264. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Introduction:  Delayed graft function (DGF) is more common in recipients of kidney transplants from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors compared to donation after brain death (DBD) donors.Methods:  Single‐center retrospective study to evaluate the impact of DGF on controlled (Maastricht category III) DCD donor kidney transplant outcomes.Results:  From 10/01 to 6/08, 578 adult deceased donor kidney transplants were performed including 70 (12%) from DCD and 508 (88%) from DBD donors. Mean follow‐up was 36 months. DCD donor kidney transplants had significantly greater rates of DGF (57% DCD vs. 21% DBD, p < 0.0001)) and acute rejection (29% DCD vs. 16% DBD, p = 0.018) compared to DBD donor kidney transplants, but patient and graft survival rates were similar. DBD donor kidney transplants with DGF (n = 109) had significantly greater rates of death‐censored graft loss (12.5% DCD vs. 31% DBD), primary non‐function (0 DCD vs. 10% DBD) and higher 2 year mean serum creatinine levels (1.4 DCD vs. 2.7 mg/dL DBD) compared to DCD donor kidney transplants with DGF (n = 40, all p < 0.04). On univariate analysis, the presence of acute rejection and older donor age were the only significant risk factors for death‐censored graft loss in DCD donor kidney transplants, whereas DGF was not a risk factor.Conclusion:  Despite higher rates of DGF and acute rejection in DCD donor kidney transplants, subsequent outcomes in DCD donor kidney transplants with DGF are better than in DBD donor kidney transplants experiencing DGF, and similar to outcomes in DCD donor kidney transplants without DGF.
HHV‐8‐related visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma following allogeneic HSCT: Report of a pediatric case and literature review
Authors: Sala Ilaria , Faraci Maura , Magnano Gian M. , Sementa Angela , di Marco Eddi , Garaventa Alberto , Micalizzi Concetta , Lanino Edoardo , Morreale Giuseppe , Moroni Cristina , Castagnola Elio 
Published: March 2010

Sala I, Faraci M, Magnano GM, Sementa A, di Marco E, Garaventa A, Micalizzi C, Lanino E, Morreale G, Moroni C, Castagnola E. HHV‐8‐related visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma following allogeneic HSCT: Report of a pediatric case and literature review. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15:E8–E11. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  An HHV‐8‐related visceral KS was diagnosed in a 10‐yr‐old boy after partially matched allogeneic HSCT. This complication occurred 463 days after HSCT and involved tonsils, lymph nodes, hard palate, lung, skin, and paranasal sinuses. Treatment with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin induced long‐term remission (33 months) of this disease. HHV‐8 infection is quite frequent after HSCT, but KS, and especially its visceral form, is a very rare complication, and its association with HHV‐8 has been documented even less frequently. However, our observation suggests that HHV‐8‐related KS should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of late post‐HSCT complications.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor, c‐Met, in Human Embryo Salivary Glands. An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Loreto C. , Caltabiano R. , Musumeci G. , Caltabiano C. , Greco M. G. , Leonardi R. 
Published: March 2010

With 3 figures and 1 tableSummarySalivary gland morphogenesis involves complex, coordinated events that include epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. Mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (c‐Met) is the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor. The latter is a hepatotropic factor originally identified in rat serum and platelets. It is essential in fetal tissue development, where it regulates complex morphogenetic processes including extracellular matrix invasion, cell migration, cell polarization and tubulogenesis. The c‐Met/HGF system is believed to participate in epithelial–mesenchymal interactions during development. Twelve human embryonic minor salivary glands were studied by immunohistochemistry to investigate the role of c‐Met in human salivary gland development. Strong c‐Met immunopositivity in the glands demonstrated that the molecule is involved in their development and suggested a role for the c‐Met/HGF system in this process.
A New Case of Consensual Decision: Collective Movement in Earthworms
Authors: Zirbes Lara , Deneubourg Jean‐Louis , Brostaux Yves , Haubruge Eric 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCollective movements are reported for many species from microorganisms to humans. But except for a few soil‐inhabiting species, intra‐specific interactions in soil are poorly studied. Some intra‐specific interactions occur in earthworms. Most of them are negative, concerning parameters like the rate of survival, maturation, food ingestion or growth. Virtually nothing is known about collective movement in earthworms that represent the dominant biomass of the soil. This study, the first one on annelids, highlights a consensual decision phenomenon based only on contact between followers. Using an olfactometer set‐up and modelling, we show that earthwormsEisenia fetidainfluence each other to select a common direction during their migration. Experiments in a binary choice test showed that contacts between individuals are responsible for collective movement. This coordination in movement could allow earthworms to benefit from forming clusters. The resulting local higher densities, enhancing individual survival and favouring the cooperation, may be at the origin of Allee effects reported for these species.
Biallele Expression of PEG10 Gene in Primordial Germ Cells Derived from Day 27 Porcine Fetuses
Authors: Wen J , Liu L , Song G , Tang B , Li Z 
Published: March 2010

ContentsPrimordial germ cells (PGCs) from day 27 porcine fetuses have often been isolated to establish pluripotent embryonic germ (EG) cell lines, but little is known regarding their imprinted gene status. In our study, we attempted to detect the imprinted gene expression of cloned embryos and EG cells derived from individual PGC of day 27 and day 35, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the paternally expression gene 10 (PEG10) as a sign of parental‐origin‐specific expression. The results showed biallelic gene expression of the SNP that occurred in EG cell colonies and almost all of the cloned blastocysts, demonstrating that aberrant imprinted gene expression of PEG10 occurs in the day 27 porcine PGCs, whereas monoallelic expression of the PEG10 gene occurs in all the PGC clones derived from day 35 PGCs. In addition, the same imprinted gene status was observed for blastocysts derived from both male and female PGCs, indicating that the parental genomic imprinting is erased in male and female germlines.
Germ plasm‐like Dot cells maintain their wound regenerative function after in vitro expansion
Authors: Kong Wuyi , Li Shaowei , Lorenz H. Peter 
Published: March 2010

Summary1. Wounds in fetal skin heal without scarring; however, the mechanism for this is unknown. We have identified a novel group of protein and nucleotides‐positive particles in fetal and adult mouse blood and in human blood, and termed them ‘Dot cells’. Freshly isolated Dot cells regenerate wounds with less scarring and can be cultured without feeder layers.2. Because the morphology of Dot cells has never been described, in the present study we describe the specific characterizations of Dot cells, including their growth pattern in vitro, and their expressions of stem cell markers using fluorescent cell sorting analyses and immunofluorescent histology. Our data indicates that cultured Dot cells express stem cell surface markers and embryonic stem cell transcription markers, such as Oct4, Nanog and Sox‐2. In addition, Dot cells express VASA, the germ plasm specific marker.3. To confirm whether Dot cells maintain their wound regenerative activity after in vitro expansion, in vitro cultured Dot cells were transplanted to wounded mice. Dot cells from albino mice maintain their wound regenerative activities after intravenous transplantation to black‐background diabetic mice. In addition, Dot cells regenerate both the epithelial and dermal cells in the wounds of wild‐type mice. The regenerated hair follicles, smooth muscle and dermal tissues express transiently to VASA.4. Our data demonstrate that Dot cells are newly identified organisms located in the blood and bone marrow of mammals. They express germ cell, embryonic stem cell and adult stem cell markers. Dot cells maintain their regenerative function after in vitro expansion.
Review: Endothelial‐myofibroblast transition, a new player in diabetic renal fibrosis
Authors: LI JINHUA , BERTRAM JOHN F 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of chronic kidney failure and end‐stage renal disease in the Western world. Studies from diabetic animal models and clinical trials have shown that inhibition of the renin‐angiotensin system delays the progression of advanced DN. However, a recent large‐scale clinical trial has revealed that inhibition of renin‐angiotensin system in early phases of DN does not slow the decline of renal function or the development of morphological lesions, suggesting that different mechanism(s) may be involved in the different stages of DN. The role of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in renal fibrosis has been intensively investigated. Recently, endothelial‐mesenchymal transition, or endothelial‐myofibroblast transition (EndoMT) has emerged as another mechanism involved in both developmental and pathological processes. The essential role of EndoMT in cardiac development has been thoroughly studied. EndoMT also exists and contributes to the development and progression of cardiac fibrosis, lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis and corneal fibrosis. EndoMT is a specific form of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. During EndoMT, endothelial cells lose endothelial markers and obtain mesenchymal markers. Recent evidence from our laboratory and others suggests that EndoMT plays an important role in the development of renal fibrosis in several pathological settings, including experimental DN. This review considers the evidence supporting the occurrence of EndoMT in normal development and in pathology, as well as the latest findings suggesting EndoMT contributes to fibrosis in DN. Whether experimental findings of EndoMT will be reproduced in human studies remains to be determined.
Injured kidney cells express SM22α (transgelin): Unique features distinct from α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA)
Authors: SAKAMAKI YUICHI , SAKATSUME MINORU , WANG XINGZHI , INOMATA SHIGERU , YAMAMOTO TADASHI , GEJYO FUMITAKE , NARITA ICHIEI 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  SM22α (transgelin) has been focused upon as a player in the process of phenotypic changes of types of cells. The SM22α expression in the rat anti‐glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis model and differences from an established phenotypic marker for the myofibroblast, α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA), were investigated.Methods:  The rat kidney tissues were processed for histological studies, immunohistochemical and immunoelectronmicroscopy analyses on days 0, 7, 28, 42 and 56 after injection of rabbit anti‐GBM serum for the disease induction.Results:  Immunohistochemistry with anti‐SM22α antibodies (Ab) revealed that kidneys of the nephritic rats on day 7 expressed SM22α in podocytes, crescentic cells and epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule. After 28 days, SM22α was also expressed in peritubular interstitial cells. Double immunofluorescence with anti‐SM22α Ab and anti‐αSMA Ab showed that SM22α was preferentially expressed in podocytes, whereas αSMA was positive in mesangial cells on day 7. After day 28, both molecules became positive in peritubular interstitial cells.Conclusion:  SM22α was expressed in epithelial cells of inflamed glomeruli in the early phase, and then also in peritubular interstitial cells in the later phase of anti‐GBM nephritis model. SM22α presented unique kinetics of expression distinct from αSMA.
Uninterrupted suturing of renal parenchyma in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy decreases renal ischemic time and intraoperative blood loss
Authors: Kawa Gen , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Komai Yoshihiro , Inoue Takaaki , Masuda Junko , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe examined factors affecting renal ischemic time and intraoperative blood loss in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and attempted to determine which method of suture for parenchymal closure is effective in this operation. Fifty‐seven patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy were studied. Some variables and methods of suture for parenchymal closure were tested for independent effects on ischemic time and bleeding volume. Mean renal ischemic time and estimated blood loss were 38 min and 175 mL, respectively. Method of suture for parenchymal closure was the only factor independently associated with intraoperative blood loss less than 100 mL. Furthermore, uninterrupted suture for parenchymal closure was a significant factor associated with renal ischemic time less than 30 min. Renal ischemic time or intraoperative blood loss can be decreased by using uninterrupted suture for parenchymal defect.
Trends in the incidence of benign pathological lesions at partial nephrectomy for presumed renal cell carcinoma in renal masses on preoperative computed tomography imaging: A single institute experience with 290 consecutive patients
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan , Park Sang Un , Rha Koon Ho , Choi Young Deuk , Hong Sung Joon , Yang Seung Choul , Mah Sang Yol , Chung Byung Ha 
Published: March 2010

Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine trends in the incidence of benign lesions in patients undergoing surgery for suspicious renal masses on preoperative computed tomography scan.Methods:  The records of 1065 patients who underwent open consecutive partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN) between January 2001 and December 2008 were reviewed. Patients who underwent PN during the periods 2001–2002, 2003–2004, 2005–2006, and 2007–2008 were assigned to groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The frequencies of benign and malignant lesions in these groups were assessed according to size and histology subtypes.Results:  The ratio of PN to RN was 12.4%, 18.3%, 24.3% and 37.2% in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (P < 0.05). The mean size of resected lesions was 2.6 cm (range 0.8–6.2 cm). Of the 290 cases, histopathology revealed benign findings in 52 (17.9%). Benign pathology was found in three of 18 cases (16.7%) in group 1, seven of 36 cases (19.4%) in group 2, 12 of 63 cases (19.0%) in group 3 and 30 of 173 cases (17.3%) in group 4. There was no significant difference in the frequency of benign histology among groups.Conclusion:  PN, as opposed to RN, has shown a rising tendency over time. The frequency of benign pathology findings after PN for suspicious renal masses on preoperative computed tomography imaging has not decreased. Proper management should favor nephron‐sparing surgery for renal lesions if such lesions can be removed satisfactorily with PN.
The role of peribiliary cysts in biliary obstruction
Authors: Pang Tony , Kuo Samuel , Hugh Thomas J. , Davidson Trent , Eckstein Robert P. , Bell Cameron , Samra Jaswinder S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPeribiliary cysts are cystic dilatations of the extramural glands of the intrahepatic biliary tree. This disorder is uncommon and is usually asymptomatic. However, it may cause extrinsic biliary compression and consequently, obstructive jaundice. This paper describes 2 such cases presenting with jaundice. The etiology, natural history, investigation findings and treatment of this disorder are also discussed.
Survey of trends in minimally invasive intervention for necrotizing pancreatitis
Authors: Loveday Benjamin P. T. , Rossaak Jeremy I. , Mittal Anubhav , Phillips Anthony , Windsor John A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  Minimally invasive techniques to manage infected pancreatic necrosis have been recently developed and changes in their pattern of use are unknown. The aims of this survey were to determine the trends in the role of minimally invasive techniques to manage infected complications of necrotizing pancreatitis and the barriers to performing minimally invasive necrosectomy in Australia and New Zealand.Methods:  Members of the Australian and New Zealand Hepatic Pancreatic and Biliary Association were surveyed. Participant demographics and necrotizing pancreatitis caseload were determined. The perceived role of percutaneous catheter drainage and minimally invasive necrosectomy for pancreatic abscess, infected pseudocyst and infected pancreatic necrosis were scored on Likert scales, comparing 2002 with 2007. Barriers to performing minimally invasive necrosectomy were scored.Results:  The response rate was 49% (44/90). Between 2002 and 2007, the role of percutaneous catheter drainage became more important as primary (P= 0.05) and secondary (P= 0.01) treatment for pancreatic abscess, and prior to minimally invasive necrosectomy for abscess, pseudocyst and necrosis (P < 0.01). Minimally invasive necrosectomy became increasingly important as primary treatment for infected necrosis (P < 0.01) and had been used by 47% of respondents. The greatest barriers to performing minimally invasive necrosectomy were lack of training and experience in the techniques, and the anatomical position and complexity of the target lesion.Conclusion:  Minimally invasive techniques have an increasingly important perceived role in the management of pancreatic abscess, infected pseudocyst and infected pancreatic necrosis. Further evidence is required to determine the best techniques for treating each form of infection associated with necrotizing pancreatitis.