bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-total Graphs with Crossing Numbers
Authors: Kulli V. R. , Basavanagoud B. , Niranjan K. M. 
Published: May 2010

We establish here necessary and sufficient conditions for quasi-total graphs to have crossing numbers k (k = 1, 2 or 3). Keywords: Quasi-total; Crossing numbers. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3527 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 257-263 (2010)
Characterisation of Platinum Nanoparticles Electrodeposited on Carbon Felt
Authors: Dulal S.M.S.I. , Won Mi-Sook , Shim Yoon-Bo 
Published: May 2010

Monodispersed and uniform sized platinum nanoparticles were electrodeposited on carbon felt from aqueous hydrogen hexachloroplatinate solution by a potential cycling method. The deposited nanoparticles were characterized by electrochemical technique and by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the size and distribution of the nanoparticles could be controlled by changing the deposition parameters such as the scan rate and the number of cycle. The electrocatalytic property of the nanoparticles was tested by the oxidation of hydroquinone and phenol. It was found that the felt supported nanoparticles were effective towards electrodegradation of phenolic compounds. Keywords: Electrocatalyst; Electrodeposition; Hydroquinone; Phenol oxidation; Platinum nanoparticles; Carbon felt. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3633 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 303-312 (2010)
Elaboration of Monophasic and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Coatings on Ti6Al4V Substrate by Pulsed Electrodeposition Current
Authors: Benhayoune Hicham , Drevet Richard , Fauré Joel , Potiron Sylvain , Gloriant Thierry , Oudadesse Hassane , Laurent‐Maquin Dominique 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCalcium phosphate coatings on Ti6Al4V substrates are elaborated by pulsed electrodeposition. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the coatings are characterized by SEM–EDS. The obtained results are systematically confirmed at the nanometre scale using TEM. Moreover, XRD is performed in order to identify the coatings phases. The results show that pulsed electrodeposition allows uniform coatings to be obtained without the holes and craters usually observed with classical electrodeposition. After appropriate heat treatment, these coatings have a biphasic composition of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate. Moreover, the addition of 9% H2O2 to the electrolyte leads to monophasic coatings made of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. As an indication of the passive nature of the electrodeposited coating, electrochemical potentiodynamic tests are performed in physiological solution in order to determine the corrosion behaviour of these coatings.
The First Anionic Thia‐Fries Rearrangements at Ferrocene: Ready Access to Trifluoromethylsulfonyl‐Substituted Hydroxyferrocenes and an Extremely High Interannular Stereoinduction between Cyclopentadienyl Ligands
Authors: Werner Georg , Lehmann Christian W. , Butenschön Holger 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAttempts originally directed towards the generation of ferrocyne (1,2‐dehydroferrocene, 4) and ferrocenediyne (1,2,1′,2′‐tetradehydroferrocene, 5) by triflate elimination from the respective ferrocenyl triflates led to the discovery of the first anionic thia‐Fries rearrangements at a five‐membered ring. These reactions take place with remarkable efficiency under very mild reaction conditions and yield the respective trifluoromethylsulfonyl‐substituted ferrocenols. Most remarkably, the reaction starting from 1,1′‐ferrocenediyl ditriflate (9) adopts an extremely high interannular stereoinduction in that exclusively the meso rearrangement product, meso‐2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)‐1,1′‐ferrocenediol (16), is formed, the corresponding racemic product 17 is not observed. It is shown that the second anionic thia‐Fries rearrangement proceeds at a much larger rate than the first one. The stereochemistry and the high rate of this reaction are explained on the basis of electronic as well as steric considerations. The redox behavior of some of the unprecedented ferrocene derivatives has been characterized by cyclovoltammetry.
Fabrication of aragonite rosette superstructure through the weak interaction between nonionic polymers and Ca2+
Authors: Shi Shuxian , Su Zhiqiang , Wei Hao , Chen Xiaonong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe controlled formation of aragonite by simple method under ambient condition is a big challenge for biomaterial scientists. In this article, we took poly (N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as an example to investigate the influence of water‐soluble nonionic polymers on the polymorphs of CaCO3 via CO2 diffusion method under ambient pressure and temperature, and found that the existence of PVP molecules favors the formation of aragonite with rosette superstructure. A possible mechanism is proposed that nonionic polymers can be doped into amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) particles and further participate in the transformation process from ACC to aragonite and then promotes the formation of rosette superstructure through parallel aggregation by crosslinking the aragonite nuclei. The experiments of CaCO3 crystallization in presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) confirmed the mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
One‐step synthesis of star‐block copolymers via simultaneous free radical polymerization of styrene and ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolacton using tetrafunctional iniferter
Authors: Ozturk Temel , Cakmak Ismail 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStar‐block copolymers comprised of poly(styrene) (S) core and four poly(ε‐caprolacton) (ε‐CL) arms were synthesized by the combination of free radical polymerization (FRP) of S and ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐CL in one‐step in the presence of tetrafunctional ineferter. The block copolymers were characterized by 1H‐NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and fractional precipitation method. 1H ‐NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and GPC studies of the obtained polymers indicate that star‐block copolymers easily formed as result of combination FRP and ROP in one‐step. The γ values (solvent/precipitant volume ratio) were observed between 1.04–2.72 (mL/mL) from fractional measurements. The results show that when the initial S feed increased, the molecular weights of the star‐block copolymers also increased and the polydispersities of the polymers decreased. Mw/Mn values of the products were measured between 1.4 and 2.86 from GPC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Indocyanine green–enhanced imaging of antigen‐induced arthritis with an integrated optical imaging/radiography system
Authors: Meier Reinhard , Krug Christian , Golovko Daniel , Boddington Sophie , Piontek Guido , Rudelius Martina , Sutton Elizabeth J. , Baur‐Melnyk Andrea , Jones Ella F. , Daldrup‐Link Heike E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a combined indocyanine green–enhanced optical imaging/radiography system for the detection of arthritic joints in a rat model of antigen‐induced arthritis.MethodsArthritis of the knee and ankle joints was induced in 6 Harlan rats, using peptidoglycan–polysaccharide polymers. Three rats served as untreated controls. Optical imaging of the knee and ankle joints was done with an integrated optical imaging/radiography system before and up to 24 hours following intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg indocyanine green. The fluorescence signal intensities of arthritic and normal joints were compared for significant differences, using generalized estimating equation models. Specimens of knee and ankle joints were further processed and evaluated by histology.ResultsImmediately after administration, indocyanine green provided a significant increase in the fluorescence signal of arthritic joints compared with baseline values (P < 0.05). The fluorescence signal of arthritic joints was significantly higher compared with that of nonarthritic control joints at 1–720 minutes after intravenous injection (P < 0.05). Fusion of indocyanine green–enhanced optical imaging and radiography allowed for anatomic coregistration of the inflamed tissue with the associated joint. Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed marked synovial inflammation of arthritic joints and the absence of inflammation in control joints.ConclusionIndocyanine green–enhanced optical imaging is a clinically applicable tool for detection of arthritic tissue. Using relatively high doses of indocyanine green, long‐term enhanced fluorescence of arthritic joints can be achieved. This may facilitate simultaneous evaluations of multiple joints in a clinical setting. Fusion of indocyanine green–enhanced optical imaging scans with radiography increases anatomic resolution.
Solution‐Processed Bulk‐Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells Based on Dendritic and Star‐Shaped D‐π‐A Organic Dyes
Authors: Wang Jin‐Liang , He Zhicai , Wu Hongbin , Cui Haibo , Li Yan , Gong Qihuang , Cao Yong , Pei Jian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA series of D‐π‐A organic dendritic and star‐shaped molecules based on three various chromophores (i.e., the truxene nodes, triphenylamine moieties as the donor, and benzothiadiazole chromophore as the acceptor) and their corresponding model compounds are facilely developed. Their photophysical and electrochemical properties are investigated in detail by UV/Vis absorption and photoluminescent spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. By changing the various conjugated spacers (i.e., single bond, double bond, and triple bond) among the three chromophores of dendritic series, their photophysical properties (that is, the one‐photon absorption range and two‐photon absorption cross‐section values) are effectively modulated. All D‐π‐A conjugated oligomers show a broad and strong absorption band from 250 to 700 nm in thin films. Solution‐processed bulk‐heterojunction photovoltaic devices using our oligomer as donor and PCBM as acceptor are fabricated and measured. The power conversion efficiency of the devices based on our oligomers continuously increases from DBTTr to TRTD2A as a result of an increasing relative absorption intensity in longer wavelength region by changing the donor‐acceptor ratio and conjugated spacers between the donor and acceptor. The power conversion efficiency of the devices based on TRTD2A was 0.54 % under the illumination of AM 1.5 and 100 mW cm−2, which is the highest value recorded based on D‐π‐A conjugated oligomers containing triphenylamine moieties and benzothiadiazole chromophores with truxene to date.
Protease Immobilization on γ‐Fe2O3/Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Synthesis of Oligopeptides in Organic Solvents
Authors: Xin Bao‐juan , Si Shu‐feng , Xing Guo‐wen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe use of nanobiocatalysts, with the combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology, is considered as an exciting and rapidly emerging area. The use of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, as enzyme immobilization carriers, has drawn great attention because of their unique properties, such as controllable particle size, large surface area, modifiable surface, and easy recovery. In this study, various γ‐Fe2O3/Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with immobilized proteases were successfully prepared by three different immobilization strategies including A) direct binding, B) with thiophene as a linker, and C) with triazole as a linker. The oligopeptides syntheses catalyzed by these magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with immobilized proteases were systematically studied. Our results show that i) for magnetic nanoparticles immobilized α‐chymotrypsin, both immobilization strategies A and B furnished good reusability for the Z‐Tyr‐Gly‐Gly‐OEt synthesis, the MNPs enzymes can be readily used at least five times without significant loss of its catalytic performance: ii) In the case of Z‐Asp‐Phe‐OMe synthesis catalyzed by magnetic nanoparticles immobilized thermolysin, immobilization Strategy B provided the best recyclability: iii) For the immobilized papain, although Strategy A or B afforded an immobilized enzyme for the first cycle of Z‐Ala‐Leu‐NHNHPh synthesis in good yield, their subsequent catalytic activity decreased rapidly. In general, the γ‐Fe2O3 MNPs were better for use as an immobilization matrix, rather than the Fe3O4 MNPs, owing to their smaller particle size and higher surface area.
Das Fernrohr in den Alpen
Authors: Schwind Wolfgang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn den Jahren 2007/2008 entstand im deutschen Alpenraum ein Museumsbau außergewöhnlichen Formats. Ein auf einer einzelnen Stütze stehendes Bauwerk von 34 m Länge ragt etwa 7 m über eine Felskante hinaus, so dass ein ungehinderter Blick auf das 1300 m tiefer gelegene Mittenwald ermöglich wird. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt Konzeption, Tragwerksplanung und Bauausführung für ein Bauwerk, das in einer für deutsche Verhältnisse ungewöhnlichen Umgebung unter ungewöhnlichen Witterungs‐ und Arbeitsverhältnissen errichtet wurde.The telescope in the Alps. During 2007/2008 an extraordinary building structure was erected which serves as a museum in the German Alps. A building supported on only one column being 34 meters long and cantilevers 7 meters from the edge of the mountain top. This construction enables the visitor to overlook freely the town and landscapes of Mittenwald 1300 meters beneath. This paper describes the conception, the planning of structural framework and the construction itself concerning a building in an unusual environment and under exceptional weather and working conditions.
Der “Steg Süd” am Bahnhofsareal Remscheid
Authors: Feyerabend Manfred 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDer “Steg Süd” am Bahnhofsareal Remscheid ist der Dreh‐ und Angelpunkt im neugeschaffenen Einzelhandelszentrum am revitalisierten Bahnhofsareal in Remscheid. Das im Zuge der “Regionale 2006” geschaffene Brückenbauwerk bildet den gestalterischen Mittelpunkt des neuen Centers und schafft darüber hinaus Wegeverbindungen in verschiedenen räumlichen Ebenen zwischen Stadtteilen, Bauwerken und Verkehrsinfrastrukturen.Southern Pedestrian bridge at Remscheid Central Station. The southern pedestrian bridge at Remscheid Central Station is the heart of the new shopping centre, which was erected on the redeveloped Remscheid central station area. The bridge makes up the architectural face of the new centre and beyond that creates new connecting passages on different spatial levels between municipal areas, buildings and traffic facilities. The bridge is part of the project “Regionale 2006”.
Development and validation of amitriptyline and its metabolite in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a bioequivalence study
Authors: Bhatt Mitesh , Shah Sanjay , Shivprakash  
Published: May 2010

AbstractA method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) in combination with solid‐phase extraction for sample pretreatment has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of amitriptyline and its main metabolite in human plasma. The extraction of the analytes from plasma samples was carried out by means of a selective SPE procedure using hydrophilic–lipophilic balance cartridges. The assay involves a simple solid‐phase extraction (SPE) procedure of 0.2 mL of human plasma and analysis was performed on a triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode via electrospray ionization (ESI). The standard calibration curve was linear over the ranges 0.370–95.539 ng/mL for amitriptyline and 0.365–94.374 ng/mL for nortriptyline, expressed by the linear correlation coefficient r2, which was better than 0.995 for both. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy of the quality control samples were within 10.0%. The recovery was 85.3, 88.4 and 80.7% for amitriptyline, nortriptyline and doxepin respectively. Total run time was 1.2 min only for each sample, which makes it possible to analyze more than 400 samples per day. The method was highly reproducible and gave peaks with excellent chromatography properties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous and group determination methods for designated substances by HPLC with multi‐channel electrochemical detection and their application to real samples
Authors: Min Jun Zhe , Yamashita Kazuhide , Toyo'oka Toshimasa , Inagaki Shinsuke , Higashi Tatsuya , Kikura‐Hanajiri Ruri , Goda Yukihiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMany psychotropic substances are illegally available on the streets and/or via the Internet. This wide distribution has become a serious social problem. To control this problem, many substances have been controlled as ‘designated substances’ (Shitei‐Yakubutsu) in Japan since April 2007 by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, including tryptamines, phenethylamines and piperazines. In the present study, simultaneous determination methods using HPLC with multi‐channel electrochemical detection (MECD) were developed for the designated substances. The proposed methods utilizing online electrochemical oxidation are the first report on the simultaneous determination of various designated substances. The methods involve direct determination and require no complicated pretreatments such as fluorescence labeling. The designated substances were separated by reversed‐phase chromatography using a TSK‐gel ODS‐100V (4.6 × 250 mm, i.d., 3 µm) and gradient elution by a mixture of potassium phosphate buffer, methanol and acetonitrile. The total separation of 31 designated substances was successfully performed but required long chromatographic run times. Thus, the designated substances were divided into three groups: (1) tryptamines, (2) phenethylamines and (3) piperazines and others. They were then analyzed by HPLC‐MECD as another separation method. The suitable applied voltages for each designated substance were determined based upon the hydrodynamic voltammogram. The limits of detection (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3) of the designated substances for the most suitable voltages were in the range of 17.1 pg (5‐MeO‐MIPT) to 117 ng (indan‐2‐amine). The calibration curves based on the peak heights were linearly related to the amounts of the designated substances (R2 > 0.999). Good accuracy and precision by intra‐day assay and inter‐day assay were also obtained using the present procedures. The proposed methods were applied to the analyses of the designated substance in several real samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paresthesia and hypesthesia in the dorsum of the foot as the presenting complaints of a ganglion cyst of the foot
Authors: Casal Diogo , Bilhim Tiago , Pais Diogo , Almeida Maria A. , O'Neill João G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough ganglion cysts of the foot represent a substantial amount of lumps in this region, they rarely cause peripheral nerve symptoms. We describe the clinical case of a 43‐year‐old female with complaints in the previous three months of hypesthesia and paresthesia in the anterior portion of the medial half of the dorsum of her left foot that extended into the first interdigital cleft. She associated the start of her neurological symptoms to the appearance of a lump in the dorsum of the foot. A presumptive diagnosis of compression of the medial branch of the deep fibular nerve and of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve in the dorsum of the foot by a ganglion cyst was made. Ultrasonography confirmed the cystic nature of the lesion and surgery allowed complete excision of a mass arising from the joint between the medial and intermediate cuneiform bones that was compressing the deep fibular nerve and the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve. Pathological examination confirmed that the lesion was a cystic ganglion. As far as the authors know, the simultaneous compression of the medial branch of the deep fibular nerve and of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve in the dorsum of the foot by a ganglion cyst has not been described before. Clin. Anat. 23:606–610, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inorganic Precipitated Silica Gel. Part 1: Gelation Kinetics and Gel Properties
Authors: Quarch K. , Kind M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPrecipitated silica (SiO2) is industrially produced by mixing a silicate solution with acid in a semi‐batch process. Polycondensation of monomeric silica leads to the formation of particles which aggregate and eventually form a particulate gel. However, this is instantly fragmented by the mechanical energy input caused by the stirrer. Shrinkage and compaction of these fragments lead to the final product aggregates. It is the aim of this study to enable tailoring of the structure and size of these product particles via the process parameters. The present paper describes the influence of the parameters temperature, ionic strength, and composition, which affect the pH, on the properties of unstirred gels regarding their elasticity and thus their fragmentation behavior. Gelation time may be qualitatively estimated solely from the concentration of the feed materials.
Framework for explicit drift correction in multivariate calibration models
Authors: Gujral Paman , Amrhein Michael , Wise Barry M. , Bonvin Dominique 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLatent‐variable calibrations using principal component regression and partial least‐squares regression are often compromised by drift such as systematic disturbances and offsets. This paper presents a two‐step framework that facilitates the evaluation and comparison of explicit drift‐correction methods. In the first step, the drift subspace is estimated using different types of correction data in a master/slave setting. The correction data are measured for the slave with drift and computed for the master with no drift. In the second step, the original calibration data are corrected for the estimated drift subspace using shrinkage or orthogonal projection. The two cases of no correction and drift correction by orthogonal projection can be seen as special cases of shrinkage. The two‐step framework is illustrated with four different experimental data sets. The first three examples study drift correction on one instrument (temperature effects, spectral differences between samples obtained from different plants, instrumental drift), while the fourth example studies calibration transfer between two instruments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neutral Pentacoordinate Halogeno‐ and Pseudohalogenosilicon(IV) Complexes with an SiSONCX Skeleton (X=F, Cl, Br, I, N, C): Synthesis and Structural Characterization in the Solid State and in Solution
Authors: Metz Stefan , Theis Bastian , Burschka Christian , Tacke Reinhold 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA series of neutral pentacoordinate silicon(IV) complexes with an SiSONCX skeleton (X=F, Cl, Br, I, N, or C) was synthesized and structurally characterized by multinuclear solution‐state and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. These compounds contain an identical tridentate dianionic S,N,O ligand, a monodentate (pseudo)halogeno ligand (F, Cl, Br, I, NCS, N3, or CN), and a monodentate organyl ligand (methyl, phenyl, 4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, or pentafluorophenyl). For most of these compounds, a dynamic equilibrium between the pentacoordinate silicon(IV) complex and two isomeric tetracoordinate silicon species in solution was observed. Most surprisingly, comparison of two series of analogous compounds containing fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo ligands demonstrated that pentacoordination in these series of silicon(IV) complexes is favored in the rank order I≈Br>Cl>F; i.e., increasing the softness of the halogeno ligand favors pentacoordination.
Modellierung von Adsorption, Diffusion und katalysierten Reaktionen in porösen Medien
Authors: Keil F. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEs werden Porenmodelle und die Optimierung von Porenstrukturen beschrieben. Eine Multiskalenmethode zur vollständigen Beschreibung von katalytischen Prozessen in porösen Katalysatorträgern (Mehrkomponentenadsorption, Diffusion und Reaktion) auf molekularer Ebene wird erläutert, ebenso wie die Maßstabvergrößerung bis zum Reaktor. Desweiteren werden die Ergebnisse für verschiedene Anwendungen vorgestellt.