bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of faith in intuition, need for cognition and method of attitude formation in implicit–explicit brand attitude relationship strength
Authors: Zimmerman Ian , Redker Christopher , Gibson Bryan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that Faith in Intuition (FI) would moderate implicit–explicit attitude relationship strength for attitudes formed via associative processes, but not propositional processes. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that FI moderated I–E relationship strength for attitudes formed via evaluative conditioning. High FI people had stronger I–E correlations. Experiment 2 showed that FI did not moderate I–E relationship strength for attitudes formed via propositional reasoning. Those low in Need for Cognition (NC), however, showed stronger I–E correlations than those high in NC. The importance of considering trait variables in combination with the method of attitude formation is discussed.
Edge pinch instability of oblate liquid metal drops in a transverse AC magnetic field
Authors: PRIEDE JĀNIS 
Published: May 2011

This paper considers the stability of liquid metal drops subject to a high-frequency AC magnetic field. An energy variation principle is derived in terms of the surface integral of the scalar magnetic potential. This principle is applied to a thin perfectly conducting liquid disk, which is used to model the drops constrained in a horizontal gap between two parallel insulating plates. Firstly, the stability of a circular disk is analysed with respect to small-amplitude harmonic edge perturbations. Analytical solution shows that the edge deformations with the azimuthal wavenumbers m = 2, 3, 4, . . . start to develop as the magnetic Bond number exceeds the critical threshold Bmc = 3π(m + 1)/2. The most unstable is m = 2 mode, which corresponds to an elliptical deformation. Secondly, strongly deformed equilibrium shapes are modelled numerically by minimising the associated energy in combination with the solution of a surface integral equation for the scalar magnetic potential on an unstructured triangular mesh. The edge instability is found to result in the equilibrium shapes of either two- or threefold rotational symmetry depending on the magnetic field strength and the initial perturbation. The shapes of higher rotational symmetries are unstable and fall back to one of these two basic states. The developed method is both efficient and accurate enough for modelling of strongly deformed drop shapes.
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF HIGHER DERIVATIONS AND JORDAN HIGHER DERIVATIONS ON CSL ALGEBRAS
Authors: LI JIANKUI , GUO JIANBIN 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLet ℒ be a commutative subspace lattice and 𝒜=Alg ℒ. It is shown that every Jordan higher derivation from 𝒜 into itself is a higher derivation. We say that D=(δi)i∈ℕ is a higher derivable linear mapping at G if δn(AB)=∑ i+j=nδi(A)δj(B) for all n∈ℕ and A,B∈𝒜 with AB=G. We also prove that if D=(δi)i∈ℕ is a bounded higher derivable linear mapping at 0 from 𝒜 into itself and δn (I)=0 for all n≥1 , or D=(δi)i∈ℕ is a higher derivable linear mapping at I from 𝒜 into itself, then D=(δi)i∈ℕ is a higher derivation.
Multiple cycles of repeated treatments with aPhaseolus vulgarisdry extract reduce food intake and body weight in obese rats
Authors: Carai Mauro A. M. , Fantini Noemi , Loi Barbara , Colombo Giancarlo , Gessa Gian Luigi , Riva Antonella , Bombardelli Ezio , Morazzoni Paolo 
Published: May 2011

Previous lines of experimental evidence have suggested thatPhaseolus vulgarisextracts reduce food intake, body weight, lipid accumulation, hedonic properties of food, carbohydrate absorption and metabolism, and glycaemia in rats. The present study was designed to assess the effect of multiple cycles of repeated treatments with a standardisedP. vulgarisdry extract on daily food intake and body weight in genetically obese Zuckerfa/farats (Expt 1). Additionally, the study tested the effect of acute treatment withP. vulgarisdry extract on postprandial glycaemia in Zuckerfa/farats (Expt 2). In Expt 1,P. vulgarisdry extract was administered daily, at doses of 50 and 500 mg/kg, in three 5 d treatment periods followed by three 20 d off-treatment periods. Administration ofP. vulgarisdry extract resulted in dose-dependent decreases in daily food intake and body weight in each treatment phase. Reductions in food intake were of comparable magnitude in each treatment phase. In Expt 2, food-deprived rats were acutely treated with 50 and 500 mgP. vulgarisdry extract per kg immediately before access to a fixed amount of a starch-enriched chow. Treatment withP. vulgarisdry extract resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of glycaemia. These results extend previous data on the anorectic and hypoglycaemic effects of theP. vulgarisdry extract to a validated animal model of obesity. Together with data published previously in the literature, these results strengthen the hypothesis that potentially effective, novel pharmacotherapies for obesity and related disorders may originate from extracts and derivatives ofP. vulgaris.
Venture Capital Reputation, Post-IPO Performance, and Corporate Governance
Authors: Krishnan C. N. V. , Ivanov Vladimir I. , Masulis Ronald W. , Singh Ajai K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe examine the association of a venture capital (VC) firm’s reputation with the post-initial public offering (IPO) long-run performance of its portfolio firms. We find that VC reputation, measured by the past market share of VC-backed IPOs, has significant positive associations with long-run firm performance measures. While more reputable VCs initially select better-quality firms, more reputable VCs continue to be associated with superior long-run performance, even after controlling for VC selectivity. We find that more reputable VCs exhibit more active post-IPO involvement in the corporate governance of their portfolio firms, and this continued VC involvement positively influences post-IPO firm performance.
POWER WORKING THROUGH/ON BODIES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Reinelt Janelle 
Published: May 2011

(Note: This statement started its life as part of the State of the Profession panel at the joint American Society for Theatre Research / Congress on Research in Dance conference in Seattle [November 2010]. I was asked to respond to the question of “how power has worked on/through/with bodies in the fields of dance and theatre studies, and in the academy at large.” I decided to speak about the serious crisis facing higher education in light of the economic recession, and its particular challenges to the academy and our field, using my present context in the United Kingdom, where I have lived since 2006, as a case study.)
POSTERS OF THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC AT GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
Authors: Shutt Lauren , Tennant Sean 
Published: May 2011

Note from the Re: Sources Editor: This is my first contribution as editor of Re:Sources, and I'm proud to join the team of editors and authors who work diligently to put together each issue of this fine journal. I vow to try and maintain the standard of quality set by my immediate predecessor, Nena Couch—a daunting task, to be sure. I hope that you will find something of use within the pages of this column and that you will consider yourself an active participant in the shaping of its future. In the November 2006 issue (47.2) of Theatre Survey, which marked the fiftieth anniversary of the American Society for Theatre Research, editor Jody Enders invited readers to “ponder anew” what constitutes a resource and to submit “untraditional proposals” for the Re:Sources column. As she explained:
Perhaps it is a document or a series of documents available for the first time when an entire collection is declassified. It could be that odd scribble somewhere that proves that, once upon a time, there really was a performance of a play that everyone else had taken to be closet drama. Maybe it is a transcription or an English translation of a document hitherto unseen, difficult to access, almost impossible to read. (165)
Le choix de traitement en triade incluant un patient âgé apte en soins palliatifs : à la recherche d’un modèle théorique
Authors: Lamontagne Julie , Beaulieu Marie , Arcand Marcel 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe elderly in palliative care are confronted with difficult decisions relating to treatments. The philosophy of palliative care, namely, including the patient and his/her family right away, leads the doctor to consult with the two parties involved when choosing a treatment. As no theoretical model allows us to understand how the decision-making process hinges on the trio (a capable elderly person, a family caregiver, and the doctor) in a context of palliative care, we propose one which was developed from three strategies of document analysis: theoretical synthesis, theoretical analysis, and theoretical derivation. According to our model, the decision-making process depends on individual factors influencing the decision of the participant, expectations and attitudes as to the role, the level of confidence amongst the parties involved, the manner in which they communicate with each other, their mutual understanding of the clinical and ethical issues, and, finally, their ability to cooperate.
Evaluation of Success Rate and Access Time for an Adult Sternal Intraosseous Device Deployed in the Prehospital Setting
Authors: Byars Donald V. , Tsuchitani Sara N. , Erwin Eleanor , Anglemyer Bradley , Eastman Jacob 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Access to the vascular system of the critically ill or injured adult patient is essential for resuscitation. Whether due to trauma or disease, vascular collapse may delay or preclude even experienced medical providers from obtaining standard intravenous (IV) access. Access to the highly vascular intramedullary space of long bones provides a direct link to central circulation. The sternum is a thin bone easily identified by external landmarks that contains well-vascularized marrow. The intraosseous (IO) route rapidly and reliably delivers fluids, blood products, and medications. Resuscitation fluids administered by IV or IO achieve similar transit times to central circulation. The FAST-1 Intraosseous Infusion System is the first FDA-approved mechanical sternal IO device. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the success rate of FAST-1 sternal IO device deployment in the prehospital setting; (2) compare the time of successful sternal IO device placement to published data regarding time to IV access; and (3) describe immediate complications of sternal IO use.Methods: All paramedics in the City of Portsmouth, Virginia were trained to correctly deploy the FAST-1 sternal IO device during a mandatory education session with the study investigators. The study subjects were critically ill or injured adult patients in cardiac arrest treated by paramedics during a one-year period. When a patient was identified as meeting study criteria, the paramedic initiated standard protocols; the FAST-1 sternal IO was substituted for the peripheral IV to establish vascular access. Time to deployment was measured and successful placement was defined as insertion of the needle, with subsequent aspiration and fluid flow without infiltration.Results: Over the one-year period, paramedics attempted 41 FAST-1 insertions in the pre-hospital setting. Thirty (73%) of these were placed successfully. The mean time to successful placement was 67 seconds for 28 attempts; three of the 31 insertions did not have times recorded by the paramedic. Paramedics listed the problems with FAST-1 insertion, including: (1) difficulty with adhesive after device placement (3 events); (2) failure of needles to retract and operator had to pull the device out of the skin (2 events); and (3) slow flow (1 event). Emergency department physicians noted two events of minor bleeding around the site of device placement.Conclusion: This is the first study to prospectively evaluate the prehospital use of the FAST-1 sternal IO as a first-line device to obtain vascular access in the critically ill or injured patient. The FAST-1 sternal IO device can be a valuable tool in the paramedic arsenal for the treatment of the critically ill or injured patient. The device may be of particular interest to specialty disaster teams that deploy in austere environments.
Slab melting versus slab dehydration in subduction-zone magmatism
Authors: Mibe Kenji , Kawamoto Tatsuhiko , Matsukage Kyoko N. , Fei Yingwei , Ono Shigeaki 
Published: May 2011

The second critical endpoint in the basalt-H
2
O system was directly determined by a high-pressure and high-temperature X-ray radiography technique. We found that the second critical endpoint occurs at around 3.4 GPa and 770 °C (corresponding to a depth of approximately 100 km in a subducting slab), which is much shallower than the previously estimated conditions. Our results indicate that the melting temperature of the subducting oceanic crust can no longer be defined beyond this critical condition and that the fluid released from subducting oceanic crust at depths greater than 100 km under volcanic arcs is supercritical fluid rather than aqueous fluid and/or hydrous melts. The position of the second critical endpoint explains why there is a limitation to the slab depth at which adakitic magmas are produced, as well as the origin of across-arc geochemical variations of trace elements in volcanic rocks in subduction zones.
First Report of Clover Proliferation Group Phytoplasmas (16SrVI-A) Associated with Purple Top Diseased Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) in China
Authors: Cheng M. , Dong J. , Laski P. J. , Zhang Z. , McBeath J. H. 
Published: May 2011

Phytoplasma diseases on potatoes are not well understood and have gone largely undetected in China. During the growing seasons of 2005 through 2010, potato disease surveys were conducted in seed and commercial fields in Yunnan Province. Samples were also harvested from three seed potato production areas in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2007 and 2010. Disease incidence in these fields ranged from 15 to 85%. Plants displayed symptoms of branch proliferation, aerial tuber formation, upward rolling yellowish and purplish apical leaves, and extremely short stolen or chain tubers (irregular-shaped tubers). Total DNA from 250 samples was extracted from the leaves, stems, and roots of symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. A nested PCR was performed by using primer pair P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 to detect the presence of phytoplasmas (1,3). An approximate 1.2-kb PCR product was amplified from symptomatic plants but not from asymptomatic plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns were analyzed by digesting the 1.2-kb amplicon singly with restriction enzymes AluI, BfaI, MseI, HhaI, HinfI, HpaII, KpnI, RsaI, and TaqI. The RFLP patterns of 120 of the 250 samples matched patterns of the clover proliferation (CP) group (16SrVI) subgroup A (16SrVI-A) phytoplasma (1). In addition, the nested PCR product of P1A/P7A (2) following P1/P7 amplification was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. HQ609490). Nucleotide sequences were analyzed by iPhyClassifier software (4), confirming the relationship of this phytoplasma to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ with RFLP patterns identical to group 16SrVI-A. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the CP group phytoplasmas associated with purple top diseased potatoes in China. References: (1) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (2) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol 54:337, 2004. (3) C. D. Smart et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2988, 1996. (4) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.
A Peripheral Adrenoceptor-mediated Sympathetic Mechanism Can Transform Stress-induced Analgesia into Hyperalgesia
Authors: Donello John E. , Guan Yun , Tian Mingting , Cheevers Cynthia V. , Alcantara Miguel , Cabrera Sara , Raja Srinivasa N. , Gil Daniel W. 
Published: May 2011

Background
Stress has paradoxical effects on pain, causing stress-induced analgesia but also exacerbating pain via poorly understood mechanisms. Adrenergic neurotransmission is integral in pathways that regulate the response to both pain and stress. Hyperalgesia is often associated with enhanced adrenergic sensitivity of primary afferents, but sympathetic nervous system outflow has not been demonstrated to exacerbate pain perception after stress.

Methods
Rats or C57/BL6 wild-type mice treated with α-2 receptor antagonists or α-2A receptor knockout mice were exposed to ultrasonic noise stress or footshock stress and subsequently tested for hotplate paw withdrawal latencies. The sensory sensitivity of α-2A knockout mice to electrical and chemical stimuli was tested neurophysiologically and behaviorally. The effects of sympatholytic treatments were investigated.

Results
Noise and footshock stressors induced thermal hyperalgesia in rats pretreated systemically with α-2 antagonists. Wild-type mice pretreated with α-2 antagonists and α-2A knockout mice also exhibited thermal hyperalgesia induced by noise stress. Local spinal or intraplantar injection of an α-2 antagonist counteracted stress-induced analgesia without causing hyperalgesia. The α-2A knockout mice had decreased thresholds for peripheral sensitization with sulprostone and for windup of the dorsal horn neuronal response to repetitive electrical stimuli. Stress-induced hyperalgesia was abolished and the sensitization was attenuated by sympathectomy or systemic administration of an α-1-adrenergic antagonist.

Conclusions
Sympathetic postganglionic nerves can enhance pain sensation via a peripheral α-1-adrenoceptor mechanism when sympathetic outflow is disinhibited. The net effect of stress on pain sensation reflects a balance between descending spinal inhibition and sympathetic outflow that can shift toward pain facilitation when central and peripheral α-2-adrenoceptor inhibitory mechanisms are attenuated.
Intra‐operative rewarming with Hot Dog® resistive heating and forced‐air heating: a trial of lower‐body warming
Authors: Röder G. , Sessler D. I. , Roth G. , Schopper C. , Mascha E. J. , Plattner O. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryResistive heating is an alternative to forced‐air warming which is currently the most commonly used intra‐operative warming system. We therefore tested the hypothesis that rewarming rates are similar with Hot Dog® (Augustine Biomedical) resistive and Bair Hugger® (Arizant) forced‐air heating systems. We evaluated 28 patients having major maxillary tumour surgery. During the establishment of invasive monitoring, patients became hypothermic, dropping their core temperature to about 35 °C. They were then randomly assigned to rewarming with lower‐body resistive (n = 14) or forced‐air (n = 14) heating, with each system set to ‘high’. Our primary outcome was the rewarming rate during active heating over a core temperature range from 35 to 37 °C. Morphometric characteristics were comparable in both groups. Temperature increased at twice the rate in patients assigned to forced‐air warming, with an estimated mean (SE) slope of 0.49 (0.03) °C.h−1 vs 0.24 (0.02) °C.h−1 (p < 0.001). Resistive heating warmed at half the rate of forced air.
Population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis for sugammadex‐mediated reversal of rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade
Authors: Kleijn Huub J. , Zollinger Daniel P. , van den Heuvel Michiel W. , Kerbusch Thomas 
Published: May 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rocuronium are well known.• A mechanistical pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model based on limited data describing rocuronium and sugammadex pharmacokinetics has been published.• However, the available pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model for the effects of sugammadex on rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade has limited predictive power. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • A pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model is described for rocuronium and sugammadex, based on physiological principles and on data covering a wide range of ages and renal function. From this model, more accurate predictions can be made about sugammadex‐mediated reversal of rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade, in unexplored regimens or populations.AIMS An integrated population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model was developed with the following aims: to simultaneously describe pharmacokinetic behaviour of sugammadex and rocuronium; to establish the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model for rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade and reversal by sugammadex; to evaluate covariate effects; and to explore, by simulation, typical covariate effects on reversal time.METHODS Data (n= 446) from eight sugammadex clinical studies covering men, women, non‐Asians, Asians, paediatrics, adults and the elderly, with various degrees of renal impairment, were used. Modelling and simulation techniques based on physiological principles were applied to capture rocuronium and sugammadex pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and to identify and quantify covariate effects.RESULTS Sugammadex pharmacokinetics were affected by renal function, bodyweight and race, and rocuronium pharmacokinetics were affected by age, renal function and race. Sevoflurane potentiated rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade. Posterior predictive checks and bootstrapping illustrated the accuracy and robustness of the model. External validation showed concordance between observed and predicted reversal times, but interindividual variability in reversal time was pronounced. Simulated reversal times in typical adults were 0.8, 1.5 and 1.4 min upon reversal with sugammadex 16 mg kg−1 3 min after rocuronium, sugammadex 4 mg kg−1 during deep neuromuscular blockade and sugammadex 2 mg kg−1 during moderate blockade, respectively. Simulations indicated that reversal times were faster in paediatric patients and slightly slower in elderly patients compared with adults. Renal function did not affect reversal time.CONCLUSIONS Simulations of the therapeutic dosing regimens demonstrated limited impact of age, renal function and sevoflurane use, as predicted reversal time in typical subjects was always <2 min.
Moving on from voluntary non‐remunerated donors: who is the best blood donor?
Authors: Allain Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2011

SummaryBlood transfusion safety in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is marred by the high prevalence of infectious agents, chronic blood shortage and lack of resources. However, considerable pressure is applied by richer countries and international transfusion bodies to establish voluntary, non‐remunerated blood donors (VNRD) as the only source of blood, excluding the traditional family/replacement donors on the grounds of a higher level of safety. Such a policy increases the cost of a unit of blood by two to fivefold and exacerbates the pre‐existing blood shortage. This review provides compelling evidence that first‐time VNRD are no safer than family/replacement donors and that only repeat donation provides improved blood safety. In order to limit blood shortage and maintain affordability of the blood supply in SSA, both types of donors should be accepted and both should be encouraged to donate regularly.