bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryoprecipitate for transfusion: which patients receive it and why? A study of patterns of use across three regions in England
Authors: Tinegate H. , Allard S. , Grant‐Casey J. , Hennem S. , Kilner M. , Rowley M. , Seeney F. , Stanworth S. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYBackgroundDespite increasing interest in the use of fibrinogen concentrates, cryoprecipitate remains the major source of fibrinogen in England.ObjectivesUnderstand patterns and indications for use of cryoprecipitate in hospitals from three English regions.Method/MaterialsData collection over 3 months from adults, children and neonates receiving cryoprecipitate, including clinical scenario, indications, dose and levels of fibrinogen concentrations pre‐ and post‐transfusion.ResultsFour hundred and twenty‐three episodes of cryoprecipitate transfusion were analysed from 39 hospitals. Use varied from 0·1 to 4·9 units per 100 red cells transfused. The primary indication was haemorrhage [311 episodes (74%)]. The commonest clinical scenario in all age groups was cardiac surgery, followed by trauma in adults and critical/neonatal care for children. Pre‐treatment fibrinogen levels were measured in 322 episodes. In 179 episodes, the level was ≥1·0 g L−1.ConclusionWide variation in practice and dose suggests inconsistent practice and uncertainty in the evidence informing optimal use of cryoprecipitate.
Pediatric combined heart–liver transplantation performed en bloc: A single‐center experience
Authors: Hill Amy L. , Maeda Katsuhide , Bonham Clark A. , Concepcion Waldo 
Published: May 2012

Hill AL, Maeda K, Bonham CA, Concepcion W. Pediatric combined heart–liver transplantation performed en bloc: A single‐center experience.Abstract:  Pediatric CHLT is rarely performed in transplant centers and even fewer are performed en bloc. In the hands of an experienced surgeon with the appropriate patient selection, CHLT performed en bloc may have several operative and immunologic benefits, thereby resulting in improved outcomes for the transplant recipient. A single‐institutional, retrospective review from 1/1/06 to 12/31/10 was conducted. Three pediatric patients with end‐stage heart and liver disease who were considered low immunologic risk were included. All were managed by the same surgeon with a herein‐described CHLT donor and recipient operation. Data were collected on patient and graft survival, rejection episodes, infectious complications, operative time, intraoperative transfusion requirements, and immunosuppression regimens. One‐yr patient and graft survival rates were 100%. No patients experienced antibody‐mediated or cell‐mediated rejection. No patients had postoperative infections, and all patients were free of opportunistic infections at one‐yr post‐transplant. All patients were maintained safely on steroid‐free immunosuppression. There were no intraoperative complications. In pediatric end‐stage heart and liver disease patients with low immunologic risk, it is reasonable to proceed with en bloc CHLT so long as there is an experienced surgeon to perform the case. This offers operative and immunologic advantages to the recipient while maintaining equivalent, if not improved, recipient and graft outcomes.
Exploring the effect of the Cardinium endosymbiont on spiders
Authors: STEFANINI A. , DURON O. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSpiders have recently emerged as important diversity hot spots for endosymbiotic bacteria, but the consequences of these symbiotic interactions are largely unknown. In this article, we examined the evolutionary history and effect of the intracellular bacterium Cardinium hertigii in the marbled cellar spider Holocnemus pluchei. We showed that Cardinium infection is primarily transmitted in spider populations maternally via egg cytoplasm, with 100% of the progeny from infected mothers being also infected. Examination of a co‐inherited marker, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), revealed that Cardinium infection is associated with a wide diversity of mtDNA haplotypes, showing that the interaction between Cardinium and H. pluchei has a long‐term evolutionary dimension and that horizontal transmission among individuals could also occur. Although Cardinium is well known to exert sex ratio distortion or cytoplasmic incompatibility in various arthropod hosts, we show, however, that Cardinium does not interact with the reproductive biology of H. pluchei. A field survey shows a clear geographical structuring of Cardinium infection, with a marked gradual variation of infection frequencies from ca. 0.80 to 0. We discuss different mechanistic and evolutionary explanations for these results as well as their consequences for spider phenotypes. Notably, we suggest that Cardinium can either behave as a neutral cytoplasmic element within H. pluchei or exhibit a context‐dependent effect, depending on the environmental conditions.
Isolation and characterization of pathogen defence‐related class I chitinase from the actinorhizal tree Casuarina equisetifolia
Authors: Veluthakkal R. , Dasgupta M. G. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryCasuarina equisetifolia has the widest distribution of all Casuarina species and is a nitrogen‐fixing tree of considerable social, economic and environmental importance. Trichosporium vesiculosum, a causal agent of blister bark disease, is a serious pathogen of C. equisetifolia. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding class I chitinase (CeChi1) belonging to PR‐3 family was cloned and characterized from the needle tissues of C. equisetifolia challenged with the toxic exudate of the fungal pathogen T. vesiculosum. The CeChi1 open reading frame comprised 966 nucleotides that encoded 321 amino acid residues with the molecular mass of mature protein being approximately 34 kDa. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed the similarity of CeChi1 protein to class I chitinase from other plant species containing a hydrophobic signal peptide domain and hinge domain. The sequence also harboured a cysteine‐rich chitin‐binding domain and lysozyme‐like domain. A hydrophobic C‐terminal domain similar to the vacuole targeting sequences of class I chitinases isolated from other plants was also detected. The genomic sequence of CeChi1 indicated that the coding region contained three exons and two introns. In silico analysis of the untranslated regions revealed the presence of several cis‐acting regulatory elements associated with hormonal regulation and stress responses. Quantitative real‐time PCR analyses at different time points showed upregulation of the transcript during pathogen elicitation and salicylic acid signalling. However, no significant expression of CeChi1 was observed during other abiotic stress condition including wounding, water deficit, salt and heat stress revealing the specific expression of the gene during pathogenesis. This is the first report on isolation of a gene from C. equisetifolia, and the detailed functional analyses of CeChi1 will help in understanding its specific role in defence against pathogens in this tropical tree species.
Simultaneous up‐regulation of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1, 4 in serum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: NAVRATILOVA ZDENKA , ZATLOUKAL JAROMIR , KRIEGOVA EVA , KOLEK VITEZSLAV , PETREK MARTIN 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) have been implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. However, the majority of studies have focused on single MMP, and there is limited information on parallel expression of MMP and their antagonists TIMP. We, therefore, investigated the serum profile of MMP 1–3, 7–9, 12 and 13, and TIMP 1–4 in COPD patients.Methods:  Serum MMP 1–3, 7–9, 12 and 13, and TIMP 1–4 were measured in 74 COPD patients and 20 control subjects by multiple microsphere technology.Results:  MMP 1–3 and MMP 7–9 were elevated in COPD patients compared with control subjects (P= 0.001–0.043). The increased concentrations of MMP 1, 8 and 9 paralleled GOLD stage (P= 0.002–0.007). TIMP 1 and 4 concentrations were elevated in COPD (P < 0.001). MMP 1, 8 and 9, and TIMP 1 and 4 serum levels in COPD non‐smokers were higher than in control non‐smokers (P= 0.002–0.025). MMP 12 and 13 levels were undetectable in our serum samples.Conclusions:  This study provides further evidence for increased MMP 1, 7–9, and TIMP 1 serum levels in COPD, and demonstrates for the first time serum elevation of MMP 2 and 3, and TIMP 4. The finding that circulating TIMP 4 levels are increased in COPD and the observed relationship between serum levels of MMP 1, 8 and 9, and GOLD stage requires verification in an expanded patient cohort.
Audiovocal integration in adults who stutter
Authors: Loucks Torrey , Chon HeeCheong , Han Woojae 
Published: May 2012

Abstract Background: Altered auditory feedback can facilitate speech fluency in adults who stutter. However, other findings suggest that adults who stutter show anomalies in ‘audiovocal integration’, such as longer phonation reaction times to auditory stimuli and less effective pitch tracking.Aims: To study audiovocal integration in adults who stutter using the pitch‐shift paradigm.Methods & Procedures: Fourteen adult stuttering participants and 16 normally fluent adults produced the vowel /a/while monitoring their own voice through earphones. Unanticipated pitch‐shifts were applied in the upward or downward direction for 500 ms.Outcomes & Results: Short latency pitch‐shift responses (or pitch‐shift responses) were elicited in all participants. In stuttering participants, vocal response onset latency was significantly delayed and amplitude tended to be reduced.Conclusions & Implications: Atypical audiovocal responses could be associated with stuttering. It is not clear how audiovocal integration influences stuttering, but could signal inadequate activation of internal models.
Fishy fishes: the typicality of object stimuli used to assess children's language in the Reynell Development Language Scales—III
Authors: Syrnyk Corinne , Meints Kerstin 
Published: May 2012

Abstract  Background: Numerous studies show clear evidence that children display typicality effects during early word learning. However, little is known of the typicality of stimuli used by standardized language tests to assess children's language development.Aims: To examine the typicality of stimuli used by the Reynell Developmental Language Scales—III (RDLS‐III), a standardized language assessment that measures children's language abilities.Methods & Procedures: Two sets of items were compared: RDLS‐III items and a set of Matching items that had previously been judged to be highly typical exemplars. Experiment 1 asked adults to rate images of RDLS‐III items and the set of Matching items for typicality; while Experiment 2 asked adults to choose the ‘best exemplar’ from these sets of items. Experiment 3 used Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL) to examine 4‐year‐olds’ looking behaviour towards both the RDLS‐III items and Matching stimuli. In supplement of Experiment 3, Experiment 4 asked children to indicate the better exemplar using a forced‐choice pointing method.Outcomes & Results: Both adults and children preferred the Matching, more typical items.Conclusions & Implications: This is the first study to demonstrate that stimuli used for assessing early language development in the RDLS‐III are not judged to be typical by children or adults. It highlights the differences in stimuli and discusses the potential consequences of stimulus choice in the assessment early language.
Costing children's speech, language and communication interventions
Authors: Beecham Jennifer , Law James , Zeng Biao , Lindsay Geoff 
Published: May 2012

Abstract Background:There are few economic evaluations of speech and language interventions. Such work requires underpinning by an accurate estimate of the costs of the intervention. This study seeks to address some of the complexities of this task by applying existing approaches of cost estimation to interventions described in published effectiveness studies.Aims:The study has two aims: to identify a method of estimating unit costs based on the principle of long‐run marginal opportunity costs; and to illustrate the challenges in estimating unit costs for speech and language interventions.Method & Procedures:Descriptions of interventions were extracted from eight papers and combined with information on the unit cost of speech and language therapists to identify information requirements for a full‐cost estimation of an intervention.Outcomes & Results:Four challenges were found relating to the level of detail about the therapists, the participants, the scope of activities and parents. Different assumptions made about any of these elements will have a marked effect on the cost of the intervention.Conclusions & Implications:Nationally applicable unit cost data for speech and language therapists can be used as a reference point, but sufficient descriptive data about delivery and receipt of the intervention are key to accuracy.
Jaw musculature of the Meiglyptini (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)
Authors: Donatelli Reginaldo J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Meiglyptini comprise eight species of woodpeckers grouped into three genera, two of which contain three species (
Meiglyptes and
Mulleripicus), while one genus includes two species (
Hemicircus). The purpose of this study is to describe the mandibular apparatus found in six species of Meiglyptini and to compare them with each other and with other woodpecker species. The results reveal a number of structures that are worth mentioning: (i) the components of the external mandibular adductor system of
Hemicircus concretus, particularly the
M. adductor mandibulae externus caudalis medialis, are underdeveloped compared with the other investigated species; (ii) the muscles of the internal mandibular system are structurally different among
Meiglyptes species and are less developed, both in size and in structure, in
H. concretus; (iii) the
M
. protractor quadrati is vestigial in
Meiglyptes species; (iv) the muscles of the protractor system of the quadrate are relatively undeveloped in
H. concretus; (v) most of the muscles of the pterygoideus system are structurally differentiated in
Meiglyptes species. It appears that the complexity of the mandibular apparatus is associated with the type of food consumed, as the apparatus of the frugivorous species
H. concretus is markedly different from that of the insectivorous species.
Enhanced Texture‐Based Terrain Synthesis on Graphics Hardware
Authors: Tasse F. P. , Gain J. , Marais P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCurvilinear features extracted from a 2D user‐sketched feature map have been used successfully to constraint a patch‐based texture synthesis of real landscapes. This map‐based user interface does not give fine control over the height profile of the generated terrain. We propose a new texture‐based terrain synthesis framework controllable by a terrain sketching interface. We enhance the realism of the generated landscapes by using a novel patch merging method that reduces boundary artefacts caused by overlapping terrain patches. A more constrained synthesis process is used to produce landscapes that better match user requirements. The high computational cost of texture synthesis is reduced with a parallel implementation on graphics hardware. Our GPU‐accelerated solution provides a significant speedup depending on the size of the example terrain. We show experimentally that our framework is more successful in generating realistic landscapes than current example‐based terrain synthesis methods. We conclude that texture‐based terrain synthesis combined with sketching provides an excellent solution to the user control and realism challenges of virtual landscape generation.
Truncated Product Methods for Panel Unit Root Tests*
Authors: Sheng Xuguang , Yang Jingyun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper proposes two new panel unit root tests based on Zaykin et al. (2002)’s truncated product method. The first one assumes constant correlation between P‐values and the second one uses sieve bootstrap to allow for general forms of cross‐section dependence in the panel units. Monte Carlo simulation shows that both tests have reasonably good size and are powerful in cases of some very large P‐values. The proposed tests are applied to a panel of real GDP and inflation density forecasts, resulting in evidence that professional forecasters may not update their forecast precision in an optimal Bayesian way.
Moving from Great Love: Gendered Mobilities in a Post‐Tsunami Relocation Neighborhood in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: SAMUELS ANNEMARIE 
Published: May 2012

AbstractResidential relocation can have profound effects on people's mobilities. This article explores changes in the mobilities of people who were relocated to Great Love village, a newly built neighborhood in Aceh, Indonesia, after the devastating 2004 tsunami. The relative isolation of this neighborhood limits mobilities and work opportunities of the low‐income population. However, women's mobilities became much more limited than men's. Building on the notion of mobility as a capability, the article discusses how access to this capability becomes gendered through everyday practices. It concludes that in this neighborhood limited physical mobility has led to social exclusion of women. Nevertheless, people also have reasons to stay, one of which is the prospect of future social mobility through homeownership.RésuméLe relogement peut avoir de profondes incidences sur les mobilités des populations. Cet article analyse l’évolution des mobilités des personnes qui ont été relogées gratuitement à Great Love Village, un quartier récent d’Aceh, construit après le tsunami dévastateur de 2004 en Indonésie. L’isolement relatif de ce quartier contraint les mobilités et les possibilités de travail pour la population à faible revenu, mais les mobilités des femmes sont devenues beaucoup plus limitées que celles des hommes. L’analyse considère la mobilité comme une capacité et étudie comment l’accès à cette capacité varie selon le genre dans les pratiques quotidiennes. Elle conclut que, dans ce quartier, la mobilité physique limitée a conduit à l’exclusion sociale des femmes. Néanmoins, la population a aussi des raisons de rester, l’une d’elles étant la perspective d’une mobilité sociale future grâce à un accès à la propriété.
Future time perspective as a motivational variable: Content and extension of future goals affect the quantity and quality of motivation
Authors: LENS WILLY , PAIXÃO MARIA PAULA , HERRERA DORA , GROBLER ADELENE 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the first part we briefly discuss the concept of future time perspective (FTP) as a cognitive‐motivational construct. By setting goals in the rather near or more distant future, human beings develop their individual FTP that can be characterized by its content (i.e., what people are striving for) and extension or depth (i.e. how far into the future individuals set their goals). Individual differences in the content and extension of the FTP have motivational consequences. In the second part we discuss our own empirical studies showing that not only does the number of future goals matter, but even more so their motivational content. Finally we will report empirical data on the correlates of present and future temporal orientations among adolescents and emerging adults in Europe, South Africa and Latin America. These empirical studies are based on Future Time Perspective Theory, Expectancy*Value Theory and Self‐determination Theory.
Personal goal orientations and subjective well‐being of adolescents
Authors: MARTTINEN ELINA , SALMELA‐ARO KATARIINA 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe present study examines the types of orientation that can be identified according to the personal goals of adolescents, and how these orientations differ in their subjective well‐being. In the context of the person‐oriented approach, 1144 17‐year‐olds (565 girls, 579 boys) filled in the revised Little's personal project analysis, school burnout, depression, life satisfaction, and self‐esteem inventories. Four goal orientations emerged from this data with cluster analysis: (1) property (40%), (2) vocation (24%), (3) social relationships and future education (23%), and (4) self‐focused (13%) orientations. Boys were the majority in the property and the vocation orientations, whereas girls dominated in the social relationships and future education‐ and the self‐orientations. Those in the self‐orientation group were the most burned out, had most symptoms of depression and the lowest life satisfaction and self‐esteem compared with other orientations. Orientations indicate the basic needs for competence (property and vocation orientations), relatedness (social relationships and future education orientation) and autonomy (self‐focused orientation) (Deci & Ryan, 2000). The time perspective is addressed on the basis of goal orientations reflecting the past (self‐ruminating goals), the present (relationships and current education) or the future (upcoming education and wealth).
How mothers affect adolescents' future orientation: A two‐source analysis
Authors: SEGINER RACHEL , SHOYER SHIRLI 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo expand our knowledge of the effect of parents on adolescents' future orientation we developed a seven‐step model which describes the indirect effect (via adolescents' self‐esteem) of the future orientation that mothers construct for their adolescent children on adolescents' future orientation. Mother‐constructed and adolescent‐constructed future orientation each consists of three components: motivational, cognitive representation, and behavioral engagement. Mothers' future orientation focuses on their adolescent child (e.g., “it is important that in the future my daughter/son develops an occupational career”). The model is empirically estimated with data collected from 203 Israeli Jewish 11th grade girls (n = 99) and boys and their mothers, who responded to future orientation questionnaires assessing two domains: work and career (i.e., issues related to the occupational or professional career adolescents will have in the future), and marriage and family (i.e., issues related to marriage and the family adolescents will raise in the future). Adolescents responded also to a self‐esteem scale. Structural equation modeling showed an acceptable fit between the theoretical and empirical models for work and career, and marriage family, respectively. The findings are discussed in relation to three issues: the effect of parents on adolescent children, the mediating functions of self representation, and the generality of the three‐component future orientation model.
The effects of attention retraining on depressive mood and cortisol responses to depression‐related stimuli1
Authors: TSUMURA HIDEKI , SHIMADA HIRONORI , NOMURA KAZUTAKA , SUGAYA NAGISA , SUZUKI KATSUHIKO 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough it has been reported that attentional bias at an early stage is found in depression, no study has investigated the effects of modification of attentional bias at an early stage on depressive mood and cortisol response to a stressor. Therefore, this study tested the hypotheses that the modification of attentional bias at an early stage would reduce depressive mood and cortisol response. Fifty‐three participants were allocated alternately either to the training or the control group. They were administered attention retraining for modification of attentional bias or a sham attention task, and then underwent a stress task. With respect to depressive mood response, depressive mood increased in response to a stress task in the control group, while for high‐dysphoric participants in the training group, depressive mood response remained constant. These results indicate that attention retraining is efficacious for reducing depressive mood response. With respect to cortisol response, the percentage change in cortisol is associated with the amount of change in the attentional bias index scores. The results suggest the possibility that attention retraining could reduce cortisol response.