bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) population in Slovakia
Authors: Vili Nóra , Chavko Jozef , Szabó Krisztián , Kovács Szilvia , Hornung Erzsébet , Kalmár Lajos , Horváth Márton 
Published: July 2012

Genetic structure of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) population in SlovakiaThe distribution of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in the Carpathian Basin is not continuous, since western and eastern breeding pairs are separated by 150 km from each other in Slovakia, and 70 km in Hungary. In the present study our aim was to examine whether this geographical distance has resulted in any genetic separation between the Western and Eastern Slovak breeding groups. We have used 132 shed feathers and 128 blood samples collected in the fields geographically representing the whole of the Slovak breeding population, and included all juveniles ringed between 2004 and 2006. After successful DNA extractions we have determined the sex, microsatellite DNA-profiles and mtDNA control region haplotypes of the specimens. Data were integrated in a common Hungarian-Slovak "DNA-fingerprint" database, making identification of the same specimen possible when recaptured. Based on a subsample of the collected individuals, the genetic structure of the Slovak population was tested using ten microsatellite loci and mtDNA control region haplotypes, and marginally significant genetic differentiation was found between western and eastern subpopulations. These results suggest that, in spite of the large dispersal capacity of the species, a relatively small geographic distance can also decrease the exchange rate of individuals between subpopulations. As this result involves only samples from the northern part of the breeding area, major conclusions concerning genetic structure and gene flow of Imperial Eagles in the entire Carpathian Basin population cannot be drawn without sampling and analysing the southern subpopulations in Hungary.
Winter breeding of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) in South-Western Slovakia
Authors: Noga Michal 
Published: July 2012

Winter breeding of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) in South-Western Slovakia
On February 9, 2005, 3 juveniles of the Long-eared Owl Asio otus aged 14-18 days were observed in the urban area of Trnava. During the same period, breeding of the Long-eared Owl was reported from the Czech Republic and Italy. Winter breeding probably occurs more frequently with this species than anticipated, but has so far escaped our attention.
Summary on raptors and owls ringing in Slovakia in 2007 and 2008
Authors: Slobodník Vladimír , Slobodník Roman , Dravecký Miroslav 
Published: July 2012

Summary on raptors and owls ringing in Slovakia in 2007 and 2008This article provides brief information about the number, species and reports about ringed raptors and owls in Slovakia during the period 2007-2008. It is a continuation of similar results of the ringing of raptors and owls in the periods 2002-2004, 2005-2006. In 2007, from 1346 individuals of raptorial birds, 941 raptors and 405 owls of 24 species (16 species of raptors and 8 species of owls) including 805 raptors' and 218 owls' nestlings were ringed. In 2008, a total of 856 individuals were ringed, including 542 raptors and 314 owls of 25 species (15 species of raptors and 10 species of owls) including 421 raptors' and 113 owls' nestlings. Also in 2008, the number of ringed raptors and owls decreased by 36.4% in comparison to 2007.
Statistical Process Control for Monitoring Standardized Mortality Ratios of a Classification Tree Model
Authors: Eslami S. , de Keizer N. , de Jonge E. , de Rooij S. E. , Abu-Hanna A. , Minne L. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryObjectives: The ratio of observed to expected mortality (standardized mortality ratio, SMR), is a key indicator of quality of care. We use PreControl Charts to investigate SMR behavior over time of an existing tree-model for predicting mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) and its implications for hospital ranking. We compare the results to those of a logistic regression model.Methods: We calculated SMRs of 30 equally-sized consecutive subsets from a total of 12,143 ICU patients aged 80 years or older and plotted them on a PreControl Chart. We calculated individual hospital SMRs in 2009, with and without repeated recalibration of the models on earlier data.Results: The overall SMR of the tree-model was stable over time, in contrast to logistic regression. Both models were stable after repeated recalibration. The overall SMR of the tree on the whole validation set was statistically significantly different (SMR 1.00 ± 0.012 vs. 0.94 ± 0.01) and worse in performance than the logistic regression model (AUC 0.76 ± 0.005 vs. 0.79 ± 0.004; Brier score 0.17 ± 0.012 vs. 0.16 ± 0.010). The individual SMRs’ range in 2009 was 0.53–1.31 for the tree and 0.64–1.27 for logistic regression. The proportion of individual hospitals with SMR >1, hinting at poor quality of care, reduced from 38% to 29% after recalibration for the tree, and increased from 15% to 35% for logistic regression.Conclusions: Although the tree-model has seemingly a longer shelf life than the logistic regression model, its SMR may be less useful for quality of care assessment as it insufficiently responds to changes in the population over time.
Media Literacy and Its Use as a Method to Encourage Civic Engagement
Authors: Culver Sherri , Jacobson Thomas 
Published: July 2012

Changes in technology have opened up a new kind of participatory citizenry; one in which engaged citizens’ blog, post, tweet, upload, create, and otherwise interact with others online. This paper explores the intersection of media and information literacy with civic participation by examining three specific programs operating in the United States. These projects include «Powerful Voices for Kids», «The Salzburg Academy on Media and Social Change»; and «Cultivating the NetGeneration of Youth as Global Citizens and Media Literate Leaders in a Digital Age», in which educators and students at schools in the USA and Africa meet virtually and physically to explore collaborative methods that use media to build bridges of understanding. Through analysis of each program’s practices and personal interviews with the program director, consistent methods for developing a strong media and information literacy program with a focus on democratic participation are revealed. These include a need for programs to reflect a respect for student interest in popular culture, willingness for program educators to put aside assumptions that students lack an interest in current events, recognition that technology use is a means to an end, not the ultimate goal, and the utilization of a support team for the instructors or educators.
Los cambios en la tecnología han posibilitado un nuevo tipo de ciudadanía participativa; los ciudadanos utilizan blogs, correos, tweets, principalmente para crear e interactuar con otros. Este artículo explora la intersección de los medios de comunicación y la alfabetización mediática y su relación con la participación ciudadana, mediante el análisis de tres programas específicos que se llevan a cabo en Estados Unidos. Estos proyectos son «Voces para los niños» (Powerful Voices for Kids), «Academia de Salzburgo en Comunicación y Cambio Social» (The Salzburg Academy on Media and Social Change) y «Educando a jóvenes en Red como ciudadanos globales, alfabetizados mediáticamente en la era digital» (Cultivating the NetGeneration of Youth as Global Citizens and Media Literate Leaders in a Digital Age). En ellos educadores y alumnos de escuelas de Estados Unidos y África tienen encuentros virtuales y presenciales para explorar métodos colaborativos, utilizando los medios para construir puentes de entendimiento. A través del análisis de cada programa y las entrevistas personales con algunos de sus directores, se presentan métodos que consiguen un buen desarrollo de proyectos de alfabetización mediática focalizados en la participación democrática, incluyendo, a su vez, la necesidad de crear actividades que reflejen el respeto hacia el interés de los estudiantes en la cultura popular, la voluntad de los educadores para superar los prejuicios sobre su falta de interés en temas de actualidad, el reconocimiento de la tecnología como un medio y no como un fin en sí misma, y la utilización de un equipo de apoyo para el profesorado.
Resources for Media Literacy: Mediating the Research on Children and Media
Authors: Pereira Sara , Pinto Manuel , Pereira Luis 
Published: July 2012

Much has been said and written about media education, its relevance and goals. Beyond directives, resolutions or recommendations, research in this area has deepened the foundations of media education but has also emphasized its weak points or faults. One of these critical points noted in the training and research work developed at the University of Minho, Portugal, in the last 20 years is the non-existence of resources and materials that could be used to promote media education in different contexts. But this is not just about the availability of materials, it concerns the importance of putting knowledge into practice and of mediating the knowledge produced with the appropriate audience. This concern was the basis of the ‘Media Education in Booklets’ project carried out by the Society and Communication Research Centre and funded by the Evens Foundation, Belgium. This paper presents the resources produced by this project in the form of three booklets: the first deals with the mediation of TV at school and at home; the second describes videogames, ways of playing, benefits, dangers, creativity and interculturality; the third is about the Internet and social networks, and the new forms of relationships and communication that these allow.Mucho se ha investigado sobre la educación en medios, su importancia y objetivos. Más allá de las directivas, resoluciones o recomendaciones, la investigación en esta área ha permitido profundizar y solidificar sus fundamentos, al tiempo que ha facilitado el reconocimiento de sus puntos más débiles u omisiones. Uno de los puntos críticos destacados por la formación y por el trabajo de investigación que se ha desarrollado en la Universidad de Miño (Portugal) durante los últimos 20 años, es la inexistencia de recursos y materiales que puedan utilizarse para la promoción de la educación en los medios de comunicación en diferentes contextos. De esta forma, independientemente de los recursos y materiales, se genera la importancia de la transferencia de conocimientos a la práctica, la trascendencia de la mediación del conocimiento producido a su público. Esta preocupación fue la base principal del proyecto titulado «Recursos para la alfabetización mediática» llevado a cabo en el Centro de Estudios de Comunicación y Sociedad y financiado por Evens Foundation (Bélgica). Este trabajo presenta sucintamente los procesos de creación y los resultados generados por estos recursos, centrados en tres medios: televisión, videojuegos e Internet y redes sociales.
Critical Reading of Media: A Methodological Proposal
Authors: Alvarado-Miquilena Morella 
Published: July 2012

This work analyzes some aspects on which the development of critical thinking is based starting with the contributions of critical theory to the educommunicative perspective, as a bedrock for reflection on the media. This work reviews the characteristics of the critical subject and differentiates between critical reading and critical thinking. The former works as an analytic strategy that searches the re-reading of texts or audiovisual messages to identify categories attached to discussion and interpretation; the latter highlights ways to learn to think autonomously which leads to the proposal of interpretation strategies that target creative thinking. The objective of this article is to present orientations coming from Social Communication as an academic discipline that sustain Critical Readings conceived as educommunicative strategies. The methodology used to develop this study is the review of documents and content analysis. The result is a guide that proposes actions for critical media readings in the classroom. The conclusion is that the promotion of a critical attitude involves identifying the political personality of the cultural industry and the communicational process; it means constant questioning of the transparency of media messages, with the aim of creating independent, inquisitive and creative citizens.
El presente trabajo analiza algunos aspectos sobre los que se sustenta el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Se parte de los aportes que la Teoría Crítica brinda a la perspectiva educomunicativa, como base para la reflexión en torno a los medios. Este trabajo se justifica en la medida en que se reflexiona sobre algunas dimensiones del sujeto crítico, y que diferencia entre lectura crítica y pensamiento crítico. La primera funciona como estrategia de tipo analítico que busca la re-lectura de los textos o los mensajes audiovisuales, con el fin de identificar categorías sujetas a discusión e interpretación. El segundo apunta a una propuesta de aprender a pensar de manera autónoma, lo que conlleva el proponer estrategias de interpretación que apunten al pensamiento creativo. El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar algunas orientaciones que, desde la comunicación social como disciplina, sustentan a las lecturas críticas concebidas como estrategias educomunicativas. La metodología utilizada en este estudio es la revisión documental y el análisis de contenido. El resultado final es una guía en la que se proponen acciones para realizar lecturas críticas de medios en el aula. Se concluye que promover la actitud crítica, implica identificar el carácter político de la industria cultural y del proceso comunicacional; supone sospechar de la transparencia de los mensajes mediáticos y apunta a conformar un ciudadano independiente, cuestionador y creativo.
Genre and Age in the Reception of Television Fiction
Authors: Lacalle Charo 
Published: July 2012

This article summarizes the main results of an investigation that is part of a project regarding the construction of youth and gender identity in television fiction. The methodology integrates reception analysis (focus group) with data obtained through an anonymous questionnaire, designed to contextualize the results of the qualitative research. Television fiction is the favourite macro-genre of young people, especially women. Broadly speaking, participants appreciate the greater proximity of Spanish fiction, which favours the different mechanisms of identification/projection activated during the reception process, and they acknowledge that TV fiction has a certain didactic nature. The research highlights the more intimate nature of female reception compared to the detachment of the male viewer, who watches fiction less frequently and assimilates it as pure entertainment. Age influences the different modes of reception, while the social class and origin of participants hardly have any impact. Confident, rebellious and ambivalent characters are found to be more interesting than the rest. By contrast, the structure of the story and a major part of the topics addressed by the programme are usually consigned to oblivion, highlighting the importance of selective memory in the interpretative process, as well as suggesting the limited nature of the effects of television fiction.El artículo resume los principales resultados de una investigación integrada en un proyecto más amplio sobre la construcción de la identidad juvenil y de género en la ficción televisiva. La metodología combina el análisis de la recepción («focus group») con los datos obtenidos mediante un cuestionario anónimo, destinados a contextualizar los resultados del estudio cualitativo. La ficción televisiva es el macrogénero preferido por los jóvenes, sobre todo por las mujeres. En general, los participantes aprecian la mayor proximidad de la ficción española, propiciadora de los diferentes mecanismos de identificación/proyección activados en los procesos de recepción, y le reconocen un cierto carácter didáctico. La investigación pone de manifiesto el carácter más intimista de la recepción femenina, frente al mayor distanciamiento de un espectador masculino mucho más inconstante, que asimila la ficción con el puro entretenimiento. La edad influye principalmente en las diferentes modalidades de recepción, mientras que apenas se constata la incidencia de la clase social ni del origen de los participantes. Los personajes seguros de sí mismos, rebeldes y ambivalentes, interesan más que el resto. Por el contrario, la estructura del relato y una buena parte de los temas del programa visionado se relegan generalmente al olvido, lo que revela el peso de la memoria selectiva en los procesos de interpretación y sugiere el carácter limitado de los efectos de la ficción televisiva.
Food Advertising and Consumption by Students in Huánuco (Peru)
Authors: Sevillano-García María Luisa , Sotomayor-Baca Angélica 
Published: July 2012

The significant shortcomings detected in the nutrition of students in the district of Huánuco (Peru), together with the television advertising observed for products of dubious nutritional value, led us to design and conduct a research project intended to analyse the relationship between the two: The influence of television commercials on the consumption of food products advertised in 2010, which is summarised in this article. In the study we carried out a correlative study of a sample of 120 pupils at different educational establishments. They answered questionnaires, were interviewed and underwent physical examination. We also analysed the food commercials broadcast by television channels and the nutritional value of the products. Chi-square inferential analysis was used. The research showed that the pupils’ health has been adversely affected, with a serious incidence of tooth decay, a problem attributed to the consumption of certain foodstuffs. The study detected a positive relationship, which was highly significant statistically, between attachment to television advertisements and the consumption by the pupils of advertised foods which are rich in sodium, calcium, sugar and calories. Also demonstrated was the interdependence between exposure to television advertising and the consumption of foods with a high fat content, which should be monitored and controlled by government officials.Las importantes carencias nutritivas apreciadas en estudiantes del distrito de Huánuco (Perú), junto con la publicidad televisiva de productos de dudosa calidad nutricional observada, nos llevó a plantear y desarrollar una investigación con el objeto de analizar la relación entre ambos fenómenos titulada: Influencia de los anuncios televisivos en el consumo de alimentos publicitados durante el 2010, cuyo resumen se presenta en este artículo. En la investigación planteamos un estudio correlacional con una muestra de 120 escolares de diversas instituciones educativas, a quienes se aplicaron satisfactoriamente encuestas, entrevistas y guía de evaluación física; también se analizó la publicidad emitida por los canales de televisión sobre alimentos y su contenido nutricional. El análisis inferencial aplicado fue Ji cuadrado (?2). Con esta investigación se ha demostrado que el estado de salud de los escolares está afectado, siendo muy agudo respecto a la caries dental, problema que se atribuye al consumo de ciertos alimentos. Se constata que existe relación positiva, con alta significancia estadística, entre la adherencia a los anuncios televisivos y el consumo de alimentos publicitados de alto contenido en sodio, calcio, azúcar y de calorías por los escolares estudiados; así mismo, se prueba la interdependencia entre la exposición a los anuncios televisivos y el consumo de alimentos con productos de alto contenido en grasa que merecen ser vigilados y controlados por los responsables.
Envelope Dimension of Modules and the Simplified Radical Formula
Authors: Nikseresht A. , Azizi A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract.We introduce and investigate the notion of envelope dimension of commutative rings and modules over them. In particular, we show that the envelope dimension of a ring, R, is equal to that of the R-module R(ℕ). We also prove that the Krull dimension of a ring is no more than its envelope dimension and characterize Noetherian rings for which these two dimensions are equal. Moreover, we generalize and study the concept of simplified radical formula for modules, which we defined in an earlier paper.
A New Strategy for Diurnal Intraocular Pressure Curve
Authors: Borrone Roberto 
Published: July 2012

Purpose. To investigate whether there is agreement between intraocular pressure (IOP) readings in the supine position at 6 am upon awaking (before getting out of bed) and the IOP at 8 am, also measured in supine position after remaining 30 minutes in this position. Methods. In a sample of 50 eyes of 50 patients (normal, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma patients), 6 am IOP was measured in the supine position upon awaking and before getting up, while 8 am IOP was measured on the same day, also in the supine position after 30 minutes in this position. Results. The IOP values at 6 am were mean 16.06±3 mmHg; median 15.5 mmHg (range 10-25.5 mmHg). For the 8 am readings, the average was 15.94±4 mmHg and the median 15 mmHg (range 10-25.5 mmHg). The difference between mean 6 and 8 am IOPs was 0.13±0.9 mmHg (confidence interval −0.14 to 0.40). Pearson correlation coefficient between the 6 and 8 am IOPs for the total sample was r=0.97 (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in behavior regarding eyes with high IOP as compared to normal IOP eyes (repeated-measure analysis of variance, p=0.72). Conclusions. The 8 am IOP readings obtained in the supine position and under the conditions described were equivalent to 6 am IOP readings (as the first measure of the diurnal pressure curve [DPC]). This new strategy for DPC will make it a widely used tool in daily practice since it spares the need for hospitalization or home measurements.
Que reste-t-il du Treatise on Probability de Keynes?
Authors: Schmidt Christian 
Published: July 2012

Cet article est consacré à un réexamen du Traité sur la probabilité de Keynes. Il souligne d’abord les origines chez Leibniz de la démarche intellectuelle adoptée par Keynes. Il s’attache ensuite à dégager la nature véritable du projet qui sous-tend sa rédaction : rechercher le fondement logique de la probabilité caractérisée comme le degré de croyance rationnelle en la vérité d’une proposition. Il montre alors comment ce projet initial a été desservi par sa formulation dans les termes inadaptés de la logique propositionnelle de Russell. En assimilant ces degrés de croyances à une relation logique, Keynes s’est exposé aux critiques de Ramsey et le Traité a donné lieu à plusieurs incompréhensions. Cet article suggère enfin que certaines idées exposées dans le Traité, comme la notion de « pertinence », ont anticipé plusieurs concepts qui sont développés aujourd’hui dans les recherches d’inspiration cognitiviste sur les croyances.
Quels fondements à l’incomplétude des contrats?
Authors: Fares M’hand 
Published: July 2012

Se situant dans le droit fil de la récente controverse sur les fondements de la théorie des contrats incomplets (Maskin et Tirole, 1999 ; Hart et Moore, 1999 ; Tirole, 1999), cette revue de la littérature cherche à définir la notion d’incomplétude contractuelle et à en comprendre l’origine. Deux résultats importants sont dégagés : (i) les raisons traditionnellement avancées pour expliquer l’incomplétude contractuelle, telles que l’indescriptibilité des contingences futures ou l’asymétrie d’information entre les parties contractantes, ne sont pas forcément pertinentes ; (ii) la contrainte d’invérifiabilité, concept clé de la théorie des contrats incomplets, parvient à rendre compte d’un choix d’incomplétude lorsqu’elle est couplée à la contrainte de renégociation du contrat initial. Cette double contrainte permet à la théorie des contrats incomplets de générer un choix endogène d’incomplétude. Plus précisément, cette théorie montre que l’on peut définir un choix de contrat incomplet comme une forme limite du contrat complet.