bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of p21Cip1/Waf1 enhances proliferation, the expression of stemness markers, and osteogenic potential in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yew Tu‐Lai , Chiu Fang‐Yao , Tsai Chih‐Chien , Chen Hen‐Li , Lee Wei‐Ping , Chen Yann‐Jang , Chang Ming‐Chau , Hung Shih‐Chieh 
Published: February 2011

SummaryMammalian aging of many tissues is associated with a decline in the replicative and functional capacity of somatic stem cells. Understanding the basis of this decline is a major goal of aging research. Human bone marrow‐derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) have been applied in the treatment of fracture nonunion. Clinical application of MSCs requires abundant cells that can be overcome by ex vivo expansion of cells, but often at the expense of stemness and differentiation potentiality. We first demonstrated that late‐passage MSCs exhibited decreased proliferation capacity, reduced expression of stemness markers such as Oct‐4 and Nanog, and deterioration of osteogenic potential. Further, late‐passage MSCs showed increased expression of p21Cip1/Waf1 (p21), an inhibitor of the cyclin‐dependent kinase. Knockdown of p21 by lentivirus‐mediated shRNAs against p21 in late‐passage MSCs increased the proliferation capacity, the expression of Oct‐4 and Nanog, and osteogenic potential compared with cells transduced with control shRNA. More importantly, reduction in p21 expression in MSCs enhanced the bone repair capacity of MSCs in a rodent calvarial defect model. Knockdown of p21 in MSCs also increased the telomerase activity and telomere length, and did not show chromosomal abnormalities or acquire transformation ability. Therefore, these data successfully demonstrate the involvement of senescence gene in the expression of stemness markers and osteogenic potential of MSCs.
Physicochemical and microbiological quality of harvested rainwater from an agricultural installation in Ireland
Authors: O'Hogain S. , McCarton L. , McIntyre N. , Pender J. , Reid A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDublin Institute of Technology was commissioned in 2005 by the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government in Ireland to assess the feasibility of utilising rainwater to replace treated mains water for nonpotable uses. The project involved the design, installation, commissioning and monitoring of rainwater harvesting on a farm. Two monitoring programmes, Regime 1 and Regime 2, examined the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the harvested rainwater. Samples were taken monthly and tested. Regime 1 analysis showed that the microbiological quality of the rainwater from the site did not comply with the requirements of the European Communities Quality of Bathing Water Regulations, while the physicochemical quality complied with both Bathing and Drinking Water Standards with the exception of ammonia and lead. Regime 2 results showed a significant improvement and were compliant with the European Communities Quality of Bathing Water Regulations and showed near compliance with the European Communities Drinking Water Regulation.
Wound healing after mulesing and other options for controlling breech flystrike in Merino lambs: quantitative and semiquantitative analysis of wound healing and wound bed contraction
Authors: Lepherd ML , Canfield PJ , Hunt GB , Thomson PC , Bosward KL 
Published: February 2011

Background  A two‐part study examined wound healing and contraction occurring after mulesing and two alternative methods of preventing breech flystrike in sheep.Objective  To quantify wound healing using a scoring system and to assess the contractility of the wound bed of the breech after mulesing, cetrimide‐intradermal treatment and application of clips.Method  The study group of 30 mulesed, 30 cetrimide‐intradermal treated, 30 control and 10 clip‐treated sheep were humanely killed at six time points from 3 to 47 days after each treatment. Wound healing post treatment was assessed using a scoring system, and contractility was assessed by the quantification of myofibroblast expression. Statistical analyses allowed comparisons of temporal wound healing and contraction between treatment groups.Results  Mulesing wounds healed faster in the first 11 days, but by 19 days wound healing was similar between the mulesing and cetrimide‐intradermal groups. By 32 days, all three treatment groups had similar wound healing scores. There was greater myofibroblast expression in the mulesing group in the first 11 days after treatment, but by 19 days expression was similar in both the mulesing and cetrimide‐intradermal groups. The clip group had significantly less myofibroblast expression from 32 days after treatment.Conclusion  Wound healing is initially most rapid after mulesing, but there are similar wound healing scores in the mulesing and cetrimide‐intradermal treatment groups by 19 days. Both mulesing and the cetrimide‐intradermal treatment induce a similar amount of wound bed contraction, with less contraction observed after application of clips.
Avian trichomoniasis: a study of lesions and relative prevalence in a variety of captive and free‐living bird species as seen in an Australian avian practice
Authors: Park FJ 
Published: February 2011

Background  Studies of avian trichomoniasis in the literature are limited to some extent, often being confined to a single bird species or group of species within a bird Order. Some incidence studies have been reported for free‐living birds, and occasionally for captive birds. Very few reports describe the prevalence and types of lesions seen for a wide range of bird species, especially from a clinical perspective.Methods  Retrospective study of avian practice records from a 10‐year period. Emphasis on the types of presentations and relative prevalence of trichomoniasis in a variety of captive and free‐living bird species encountered in Australian avian practice.Results  The occurrence of trichomoniasis in several novel species (lorikeets, corvids and a cuckoo species), plus its distinctive presentation in southern boobook owls (Ninox boobook), is documented.Conclusion  Trichomoniasis should be a differential diagnosis for birds presenting with regurgitation or upper gastrointestinal abscesses, even if motile trichomonads are not found in wet preparations from crop washes or lesions.
Use of BAER to identify loss of auditory function in older horses
Authors: Wilson WJ , Mills PC , Dzulkarnain AA 
Published: February 2011

Objective To use the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) to test the hypothesis that auditory function could be worse in older horses than in younger horses.Procedure BAER waveforms in response to click stimuli were measured in five younger horses (5–8 years) and four older horses (17–22 years).Results Compared with the younger horses, the older horses showed significantly (P < 0.02) worse BAER thresholds and significantly (P < 0.02) worse BAER wave V amplitudes to the 90 decibels above normal hearing level stimulus. These results were consistent with partial deafness in the older horse group.Conclusion BAER assessment can be used to identify partial deafness in older horses. Such horses should be managed appropriately, with particular care taken in noisy environments where hearing loss could put the horse and/or its owner at risk of harm.
Impact of Pollution, Climate, and Sociodemographic Factors on Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Seasonal Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Sloan Chantel , Moore Martin L. , Hartert Tina 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSeasonal viruses present a major cause of morbidity and mortality in temperate climates. Through major pandemics and smaller annual epidemics, viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) result in lost school and work days for most that are infected and more serious complications for the immunocompromised. The reasons for these viruses showing strict seasonality include but are not limited to the influence of cold weather and humidity on virus particles, human physiology, and human behavior. The relative importance of each is dependent on what geographic scale is being explored as well as the individual region and time period. Theoretical mathematics has also revealed that climatic changes are likely not the only reasons for strong seasonal cycles, but these are also based in periodic resonance with the natural cycles of immunity and antigenic variance, as well as nationwide synchrony through transportation networks. Investigations of seasonality will aid in understanding disease transmission, and thereby effective prevention strategies. The authors present a review of the literature on seasonal viruses, their annual diffusion through populations, and factors that reduce or enhance their seasonal spread. They also offer suggestions for targeted interventions to reduce the disease burden from seasonal viruses. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 48–54
A CTSA‐Sponsored Program for Clinical Research Coordination: Networking, Education, and Mentoring
Authors: Brandt Debra S. , Bosch Michael , Bayless Meg , Sinkey Christine A. , Bodeker Kellie , Sprenger Kimberly , Johnson Karen , Gilmore Julie M. E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUpon receipt of the National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award, the University of Iowa’s Institute for Clinical and Translational Science committed to develop an infrastructure for research professionals. Three goals were established: (1) identification of research professionals within the University of Iowa, (2) development of an educational series, including orientation and continuing education, and (3) development of a mentoring system. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of development, initiation, and outcomes of a successful networking, educational, and mentoring system crafted for research professionals at the University of Iowa. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 42–47
Early Transition Stages and Heterogeneity in Criminal Careers among Young Offenders*
Authors: Arnold Bruce L. , Kay Fiona M. 
Published: February 2011

Dans cet article, nous examinons différents modèles de rapports avec les forces policières parmi des sous‐populations hétérogènes de jeunes, dans les premiers stades de transition de leur carrière criminelle. Nous croyons que la recherche axée sur l'hétérogénéité et sur les premiers stades de la transition vers la criminalité peut nous renseigner sur les éléments de la dynamique comportementale ‐ jusqu'ici ignorés ‐ dans l'étude de l'apparition d'un comportement criminel et de sa persistance. À partir de données policières informatisées provenant d'une grande ville de l'ouest du Canada, nous utilisons certains modèles de survie basés sur des événements pour dégager des modèles d'apparition et de persistance de comportements criminels sur une période de six mois, dans les premiers rapports avec la police. Les résultats démontrent des modifications importantes à court terme dans le comportement criminel de sousgroupes de jeunes de niveaux différents. Certains semblent avoir un comportement criminel ponctuel, qu'ils abandonnent par la suite, tandis que d'autres continuent de se comporter en criminels, en augmentant la fréquence et le taux d'infractions. Toutefois, certains modèles hétérogènes existent au sein de ces sous‐groupes de jeunes délin quants dans les premières phases de développement de la criminalité.We investigate distinctive patterns of police contacts among heterogeneous subpopulations of youths in the early transition stages of their criminal careers. We argue that research focussing upon heterogeneity and the initial transition stages of criminality can provide insights into behavioural dynamics previously overlooked in the study of the onset and development of criminal careers. Using computerized police archival data from a large western Canadian city, we employ event history survival models to estimate patterns of onset and persistence for delinquent careers over six‐month intervals in the early stages of police contact. Our results provide strong evidence of meaningful short‐term change in offending among multiple levels of youth subgroups. Some youths appear to offend only briefly and then desist, while others continue offending and at a higher rate. However, there also appear to be patterns of heterogeneity within as well as between these subgroups of young offenders during the early stages of criminal careers.
Differential Drug Efflux or Accumulation Does Not Explain Variation in the Chloroquine Response of Plasmodium falciparum Strains Expressing the Same Isoform of Mutant PfCRT
Authors: Lehane Adele M. , van Schalkwyk Donelly A. , Valderramos Stephanie G. , Fidock David A. , Kirk Kiaran 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTMutant forms of thePlasmodium falciparumchloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) mediate chloroquine resistance by effluxing the drug from the parasite's digestive vacuole, the acidic organelle in which chloroquine exerts its parasiticidal effect. However, different parasites bearing the same mutant form of PfCRT can vary substantially in their chloroquine susceptibility. Here, we have investigated the biochemical basis for the difference in chloroquine response among transfectant parasite lines having different genetic backgrounds but bearing the same mutant form of PfCRT. Despite showing significant differences in their chloroquine susceptibility, all lines with the mutant PfCRT showed a similar chloroquine-induced H+leak from the digestive vacuole, indicative of similar rates of PfCRT-mediated chloroquine efflux. Furthermore, all lines showed similarly reduced levels of drug accumulation. Factors other than chloroquine efflux and accumulation therefore influence the susceptibility to this drug in parasites expressing mutant PfCRT. Furthermore, in some but not all strains bearing mutant PfCRT, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for chloroquine and the degree of resistance compared to that of recombinant control parasites varied with the length of the parasite growth assays. In these parasites, the 50% inhibitory concentration for chloroquine measured in 72- or 96-h assays was significantly lower than that measured in 48-h assays. This highlights the importance of considering the first- and second-cycle activities of chloroquine in future studies of parasite susceptibility to this drug.
In Vitro
Activities of Synthetic Host Defense Propeptides Processed by Neutrophil Elastase against Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens
Authors: Desgranges Stephane , Le Prieult Florie , Daly Alan , Lydon Jennifer , Brennan Marian , Rai Dilip K. , Subasinghage Anusha P. , Hewage Chandralal M. , Cryan Sally-Ann , Greene Catherine , McElvaney Noel G. , Smyth Timothy P. , Fitzgerald-Hughes Deirdre , Humphreys Hilary , Devocelle Marc 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
The antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of a host defense peptide can be controlled by its modification as a propeptide of reduced net charge, which can then be processed by neutrophil elastase, a serine protease involved in chronic airway inflammation and infections associated with cystic fibrosis.
Novel K540N Mutation in Plasmodium falciparum Dihydropteroate Synthetase Confers a Lower Level of Sulfa Drug Resistance than Does a K540E Mutation
Authors: Lumb Vanshika , Sharma Yagya D. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) each inhibit the
Plasmodium falciparum
dihydropteroate synthetase (PfDHPS), and certain point mutations in this enzyme yield the drug-resistant parasite. Using a simple
Escherichia coli
model system, we describe here the effect of the recently reported novel K540N mutation in PfDHPS on the level of SDX/SMX resistance. The survival rate of the transformed
E. coli
(DHPS-deficient strain) under different SDX or SMX concentrations revealed that the K540N mutation confers a lower level of drug resistance than its contemporary K540E mutation. Further, SMX was more effective than SDX in the
E. coli
system.
In Vitro
Activities of Retapamulin and 16 Other Antimicrobial Agents against Recently Obtained Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates
Authors: Pérez-Trallero Emilio , Tamayo Esther , Montes Milagrosa , García-Arenzana José M. , Iriarte Victor 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Retapamulin
in vitro
activity against 400
Streptococcus pyogenes
clinical isolates obtained from skin, pharynx, ear fluid, and blood samples recovered from 2007 to 2009 was studied. The isolates belonged to 26 different
emm
types, including isolates nonsusceptible to erythromycin (
n
= 187), tetracycline (
n
= 99), ciprofloxacin (
n
= 59), and bacitracin (
n
= 43). Results were compared to the activities of 16 other antibiotics for topical and systemic use. Retapamulin MICs ranged from ≤0.015 to 0.12 μg/ml, showing the highest intrinsic activity among the topical antimicrobial drugs studied.
Activities of Different Classes of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates against BK Virus in Primary Human Renal Cells
Authors: Topalis D. , Lebeau I. , Krečmerová M. , Andrei G. , Snoeck R. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

BK virus (BKV), a virus belonging to the polyomavirus family, is a circular double-stranded DNA virus that causes nephropathies in immunocompromised patients after kidney or bone marrow transplantation. The occurrence of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant patients may trigger graft loss, and guidelines for the management of BKV infection have not yet been clearly established. Treatment of BKV nephropathy with cidofovir (CDV) {(
S
)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine (HPMPC)}, an acyclic phosphonate analogue of dCMP with a broad antiviral activity against DNA virus infections, has been proposed. The benefit of this small-molecule-based treatment has been evaluated only with a limited number of cases. In this study, we report the evaluation of three different classes of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates for their activities against BKV replication in two different primary renal cells: renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) and human renal cortical epithelial (HRCE) cells. The data indicate that besides HPMPC and its cyclic form, (
S
)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-5-azacytosine (HPMP-5-azaC), cyclic HPMP (cHPMP)-5-azaC, hexadecyloxyethyl (HDE)-cHPMP-5-azaC, and 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (PMEG) are the most selective inhibitors of BKV replication. On the contrary, leflunomide, which has also been proposed for the management of BKV-associated diseases, is not able to inhibit BKV replication at nontoxic concentrations.
Epithelial Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Signaling Is Required for β-Catenin Activation and Host Defense against Citrobacter rodentium Infection
Authors: Brown Jeffrey B. , Cheresh Paul , Goretsky Tatiana , Managlia Elizabeth , Grimm Gery R. , Ryu Hyunji , Zadeh Mojgan , Dirisina Ramanarao , Barrett Terrence A. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTCitrobacter rodentiuminfection of mice induces cell-mediated immune responses associated with crypt hyperplasia and epithelial β-catenin signaling. Recent data suggest that phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling cooperates with Wnt to activate β-catenin in intestinal stem and progenitor cells through phosphorylation at Ser552 (P-β-catenin552). Our aim was to determine whether epithelial PI3K/Akt activation is required for β-catenin signaling and host defense againstC. rodentium. C57BL/6 mice were infected withC. rodentiumand treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (vehicle control) or with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or wortmannin. The effects of infection on PI3K activation and β-catenin signaling were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The effects of PI3K inhibition on host defense were analyzed by the quantification of splenic and colon bacterial clearance, and adaptive immune responses were measured by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Increased numbers of P-β-catenin552-stained epithelial cells were found throughout expanded crypts inC. rodentiumcolitis. We show that the inhibition of PI3K signaling attenuates epithelial Akt activation, the Ser552 phosphorylation and activation of β-catenin, and epithelial cell proliferative responses duringC. rodentiuminfection. PI3K inhibition impairs bacterial clearance despite having no impact on mucosal cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor [TNF], interleukin-17 [IL-17], and IL-1β) or chemokine (CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10) induction. The results suggest that the host defense againstC. rodentiumrequires epithelial PI3K activation to induce Akt-mediated β-catenin signaling and the clearance ofC. rodentiumindependent of adaptive immune responses.
Towards a national sports safety strategy: addressing facilitators and barriers towards safety guideline uptake: Table 1
Authors: Finch Caroline F , Gabbe Belinda J , Lloyd David G , Cook Jill , Young Warren , Nicholson Matthew , Seward Hugh , Donaldson Alex , Doyle Tim L A 
Published: February 2011

BackgroundLimited information exists about how best to conduct intervention implementation studies in community sport settings. Research should be directed towards understanding the context within which evidence-based injury prevention interventions are to be implemented, while continuing to build the evidence-base for the effectiveness of sports injury interventions.ObjectivesTo identify factors that influence the translation of evidence-based injury prevention interventions into practice in community sport, and to provide specific evidence for the effectiveness of an evidence-based exercise training programme for lower limb injury prevention in community Australian football.SettingCommunity-level Australian football clubs, teams and players.MethodsAn exercise-based lower limb injury prevention programme will be developed and evaluated in terms of the implementation context, infrastructure and resources needed for its effective translation into community sport. Analysis of the community sports safety policy context will be undertaken to understand the barriers and facilitators to policy development and uptake. A randomised group-clustered ecological study will be conducted to compare the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance (RE-AIM) of the intervention over 2 years.Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome will be evidence-based prevention guidelines that are fully supported by a comprehensively evaluated dissemination plan. The plan will detail the support structures and add-ons necessary to ensure sustainability and subsequent national implementation. Research outcomes will include new knowledge about how sports safety policy is set, how consensus is reached among sports safety experts in the community setting and how evidence-based safety guidelines are best developed, packaged and disseminated to community sport.