bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Penicillin‐G Susceptibility Testing Methods of Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Mastitits
Authors: Myllys V. , Louhi M. , Ali‐Vehmas T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPenicillin‐G susceptibility was analyzed on forty staphylococcal strains isolated from mastitic bovine quarters (29 coagulase positive änd 11 coagulase negative) by the standard Kirby‐Bauer agar diffusion method, the ∍‐Test, the Vetmic, turbidimetric MIC analysis in Iso‐Sensitest Broth (ISB) and whey. Penicillinase production was tested. Parallel susceptibility tests were carried out in whole milk, whey and ISB using resazurin and triphenyltetrazolium as the indicators of bacterial activity.The traditional susceptibility testing methods (radial agar diffusion, MIC in broth culture) showed good agreement with each other and confirmed that the tests can be used interchangeably with the current breakpoint values (0.25 μg/ml and Ø 26 mm). The tests carried out in whey showed good correlation with the traditional tests. However, the susceptibility testings in milk resulted in additional variation. Therefore, traditional susceptibility tests of Penicillin‐G in artificial media are limited in estimation of bacterial susceptibility when they grow in whole milk. The relevance of this observation regarding mastitis therapy is discussed.
Reptilian Viruses: Adenovirus‐like Agent Isolated from Royal Python (Python regius)
Authors: Ogawa M. , Ahne W. , Essbauer S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn adenovirus‐like agent was isolated from a moribund royal python (Python regius). The DNA containing virus replicated in IgH2‐cells at 30 °C forming eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. The virus proved to be stabile to treatment with chloroform, pH 3 und pH 12 but it was labile to heat (56 °C). Infected IgH2cells revealed symmetric hexagonal virus particles measuring 67–79 nm in the nucleus. The isolate shared characteristics with the viruses of the familyAdenoviridae.
Histologische Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Campylobacter ähnlich geformten Keimen im Labmagen von Kälbern*
Authors: Günther H. , Schulze F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHistological studies in the occurrence of Campylobacter‐like shaped organisms in the abomasum of calvesThe mucosa of the abomasum is a strongly acidic and therefore germpoor, but not entirely germfree environment. Only in isolated areas of the fundic glands zone were straight rods in the foveolas, and even more seldom spiral shaped bacteria could be encountered. They had no relation to the inflammatory infiltrates. On the other hand, Campylobacter‐like organisms were more often observed in the pyloric region and, preferably, in a narrow zone following the cutaneous mucosa of the omasum. These organisms appeared to have a different size (1.3 to 2.4 μm length and 0.4 to 0.8 μm width) and they occurred deep inside the glands in an almost pure fashion. Whereas they caused no visible reaction of the tissue in the narrow cardiac zone, their occurrence in the pyloric region was several times connected with neutrophilic‐rich infiltration. It ought to be tested, whether Helicobacter are among these Campylobacter‐like organisms, which cause a disease leading up to ulcerations in calves similar to gastritis B in humans.ZusammenfassungDie Schleimhaut des Labmagens ist zwar ein stark saures und daher keimarmes, aber keinesfalls keimfreies Milieu. In der Fundusdrüsenzone waren nur an einzelnen Stellen in den Magengrübchen neben geraden Stäbchen gekrümmte, noch seltener gewundene Bakterien anzutreffen. Diese wiesen keinen Bezug zu entzündlichen Infiltraten auf. Dagegen waren in der Pylorusregion und besonders in einem schmalen Saum im Anschluß an die kutane Schleimhaut des Psalters häufiger Campylobacter ähnliche Keime zu beobachten. Diese erschienen unterschiedlich groß (1,3 bis 2,4 μm lang und 0,4 bis 0,8 μm dick) und kamen auch tief und nahezu rein in den Drüsen vor. Während sie in der schmalen Kardiadrüsenzone keine erkennbare Reaktion des Gewebes hervorriefen, war ihr Vorkommen in der Pylorusregion mehrfach mit neutrophilenreicher Infiltration verbunden.Es ist zu prüfen, ob sich unter den Campylobacter ähnlichen Keimen Helicobacter befinden, die ein der Gastritis B des Menschen vergleichbares Geschehen bis zu Ulzerationen bei Kälbern hervorrufen.
Clostridien in Schlachttierkörpern und frischem Fleisch ‐ Eine Literaturübersicht ‐
Authors: Eisgruber H. , Stolle F.A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryClostridia in Carcasses and Red MeatClostridia are of large clinical importance as well as in the field of food hygiene, where they are responsible for spoilage but they also have a certain significance as food poisoning organisms. Information on the ecology of Clostridia in samples of deep muscle tissue of slaughtered animals is insufficient. This article is intended to increase the knowledge on the occurence of different Clostridia species in slaughtered animals.The main emphasis is put on the significance of clostridia in meat hygiene. The theoretical basis of the so called original content of microorganisms (intrinsic bacteria), the factors and pathways of Clostridia spreading in muscles and organs are demonstrated.ZusammenfassungClostridien haben sowohl klinische als auch lebensmittelhygienische Bedeutung, im letzteren Fall überwiegend als Verderbniserreger, aber auch als sog. Lebensmittelvergifter. Die Informationen über die Ökologie von Clostridien in Tiefengewebeproben der schlachtbaren Haustiere sind noch ungenügend. Deshalb soll die vorliegende Literaturstudie einen Überblick über das Vorkommen der verschiedenen Clostridien‐Spezies in Schlachttieren vermitteln. In diesem Zusammenhang wird schwerpunktmäßig die fleischhygienische Bedeutung von Clostridien abgehandelt. Theoretische Grundlagen über den sog. originären Keimgehalt (“intrinsic bacteria”) sowie Faktoren und Wege der Clostridienausbreitung in Organe und Muskulatur werden aufgezeigt.
An Evaluation of an Intradermal Test for the Diagnosis of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV‐1) Infection in Cattle
Authors: Wißniewski J. , Trybala E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn intradermal (ID) test (a delayed‐type hypersensitivity test) was used for the diagnosis of BHV‐1 infection in cattle. A threshold value for the test positive results was established based on the analysis of the agreement between the results of ID test and those of virus neutralization (VN 24) assay. Linear regression analysis revealed no correlation between the intensity of the skin reaction (expressed as an increase in skin‐fold thickness) and the VN 24 antibody titre. The sensitivity and specificity of the ID test compared to VN 24 one, were 86.6 % and 98.3 % respectively. Of the 487 cattle with an age of over 6 months, 25 (5.1 %) reacted discordantly by ID and VN 24 tests, i.e. 19 seropositive animals expressed little or no skin reaction, whereas 6 seronegative individuals were positive by ID. Neither of the calves, with passively acquired antibodies in contrast to experimentally infected ones, showed distinctive skin reaction.
Preliminary Evaluation of a Simple Method for Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis: the Glutaraldehyde Test
Authors: de Kantor I. N. , Lopez B. , Torres P. , Nader A. , Garcia V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe glutaraldehyde test (GT) is performed by mixing whole blood with a 1.25 % glutaraldehyde solution. Gelification time is shorter in tuberculous cattle.This test was performed in blood samples obtained from: (a) 48 cattle with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculous lesions; (b) 61 animals with no evidence of tuberculosis at the time of slaughterhouse inspection, 14 of which had hydatid cysts; (c) 260 tuberculin‐negative apparently healthy animals, and (d) 21 cattle, also tuberculin‐negative but serologically positive for brucellosis.Sensitivity for detecting tuberculosis was 85.4 % (41 of 48 animals). The test was negative in 298 out of 307 healthy animals (97.1 % specificity). This specificity decreased when the test was applied in animals whith evidence of diseases other than tuberculosis.This simple, rapid and inexpensive method could play a complementary role to the tuberculin test for detecting tuberculous cattle, especially in endemic areas with scarce resources and facilities.
The Monomer Covalently Closed Linear Replicative Form DNA of Aleutian Disease Parvovirus is Infectious After Transfection into Permissive Cells
Authors: Truyen U. , Schelp Ch. , Löchelt M. , Kaaden O.‐R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe recently described monomer covalently closed linear replicative form DNA (Mccl RF DNA) of Aleutian disease parvovirus (ADV) is an infectious intermediate of the viral DNA replication cycle. Transfection of highly purified Mccl RF DNA into susceptible feline kidney cells (CCC clone 81 cells) resulted in viral DNA replication, expression of viral proteins and synthesis of infectious progeny virus. Mccl RF DNAs generated under permissive (32 °C) or non‐permissive (37 °C) conditions were shown to be biologically indistinguishable. The accumulation of the Mccl RF DNA form at the non‐permissive temperature in vitro strongly resembles that in bone marrow cells of naturally infected mink and may reflect one mechanism contributing to virus persistence of ADV in vivo.ZusammenfassungDie monomer kovalent‐geschlossene lineare replikative Form (Mccl RF)‐DNA des Aleutian Disease Parvovirus (ADV) ist ein infektiöses Intermediat im Rahmen der viralen DNA‐Replikation. Transfektion hochgereinigter Mccl RF DNA in feline Nierenzellen CCC clone 81 induzierte virale DNA‐Replikation, die Expression viraler Proteine und die Synthese infektiöser Virionen. Mccl RF DNAs aus infizierten Zellen inkubiert unter permissiven (32 °C) oder nicht‐permissiven (37 °C) Bedingungen waren funktionell nicht unterscheidbar. Die relative Anhäufung dieser RF‐DNA‐Form unter der nicht‐permissiven Temperatur in vitro ähnelt stark der in Knochenmarkszellen infizierter Nerze in vivo, und ist möglicherweise eine Ursache der Viruspersistenz im Rahmen der Aleutenkrankheit der Nerze.
Evaluation of an Immunoperoxidase Technique Using an Only Biotin‐Labeled Antibody for the Demonstration ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaein Tissue Sections
Authors: Gutierrez C. B. , Rodriguez‐Barbosa J. I. , Suarez J. , Tascon R. I. , Rodriguez‐Ferri E. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this report an immunoperoxidase technique (IPB) using an only biotin‐labeled antibody is compared to culture isolation method (CIM) for the demonstration ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeserotype 1 in tissues of mice inoculated intravenously. The organism was isolated in 86.7% of mice and detected by IPB in 100% of cases.A. pleuropneumoniaeantigen was mainly demonstrated in the liver, spleen and lungs, but also in the kidney and brain, being especially located in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Significant differences were observed between the results obtained by both tests (P< 0.001). Cross‐reactions occurred by IPB when a rabbit anti‐A. pleuropneumoniaeserotype 11 serum was tested but never when an anti‐serotype 9 serum was used. The immunoperoxidase test here described yielded much better results than CIM and it could be useful in routine diagnosis ofA. pleuropneumoniaeinfections.
An Immunoplaque Assay Distinguishing Between Cytopathogenic and Noncytopathogenic Biotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus
Authors: Liess B. , Reinecke Sylvia , Sanders G. , Greiser‐Wilke Irene , Moennig V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCytopathogenic (cp) and noncytopathogenic (ncp) biotypes of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) could be clearly distinguished by hollow plaques with peripheral immunostaining in infected fetal calf kidney (FCK) monolayers cultures or the appearance of homogenously stained immunoplaques (IPs), respectively. Of 70 BVDV isolates formerly classified as cytopathogenic according to microscopic observations in FCK cell cultures, 46 produced IPs of both types while the remaining 24 isolates induced only the IP type characteristic of the ncp BVDV biotype. The same was true for 24 additional isolates classified by light microscopy as ncp after ten blind passages in FCK cell cultures. Thus it appeared that in 1/3 of the cases changes in FCK cell cultures had been formerly misinterpreted as BVDV induced cytopathic effects (CPE). Of the 46 isolates which produced both ncp and cp immunoplaques 5 BVDV isolates were selected and successfully subjected to cloning. Clones of the cp biotype were developed by picking native plaques from unfixed FCK cell monolayers. In case of ncp IP, cloning was attempted by picking randomly in the spaces between visible native plaques. Pairs of clones from each of the field isolates proved to consist of pure plaque populations of cp BVDV and ncp BVDV biotypes, respectively, at the dilution of viral suspension which allowed the classification of a single IP according to morphology. Analysis of the clones using 15 monoclonal antibodies against the major viral glycoprotein revealed far‐reaching antigenic homogeneity for each pair with only few but distinct exceptions.
Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zu Fimbrien und Lektinophagocytose bei Salmonella Typhimurium variatio copenhagen (STMVC)
Authors: Grund S. , Seiler A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFimbriae and lectinophagocytosis of Salmonella Typhimurium variatio copenhagen (STMVC) — an electron microscopic studyOn Salmonella Typhimurium variatio copenhagen (STMVC) strains, isolated from pigeons with acute Salmonellosis, two types of fimbriae can be identified, depending on different growth conditions. In addition to the common 7 nm fimbriae we were able to demonstrate in the electron microscope, thin, curled fimbriae 3 nm in diameter which are characterized by a mannose‐resistant hemagglutination. The simultaneous expression of both types of fimbriae on a single bacterial cell can be induced by transferring a microcolony from agar medium (3 nm fimbriae), to the surface of a nutrient broth (7 nm fimbriae) and continuing the incubation. One selected strain expresses only the thin fimbriae on nearly all the bacteria on an agar medium. These thin fimbriae seem to play a role in the lectinophagocytosis in macrophage cultures. The attachment of Salmonellae mediated by these fimbriae as well as the internalization of fimbriated cells by macrophages is shown in the electron microscope and discussed in respect to infection and immunization.ZusammenfassungAn Salmonella Typhimurium var. cop. (STMVC)‐Stämmen, die aus einer akuten Salmonellose von Tauben isoliert wurden, waren zwei Arten von Fimbrien in Abhängigkeit von den Wachstumsbedingungen nachzuweisen. Neben den bekannten 7‐nm‐Fimbrien haben wir feine, gewundene Fimbrien mit Durchmesser von 3 nm im Elektronenmikroskop darstellen können, die durch eine mannose‐resistente Hämagglutination charakterisiert sind. Durch Übertragung einer Mikrokolonie vom Festnährboden (3‐nm‐Fimbrien) auf die Oberfläche von Nährbouillon (7‐nm‐Fimbrien) und weitere Bebrütung konnte die simultane Ausbildung beider Fimbrientypen an einer Bakterienzelle induziert werden. Von einem selektionierten Stamm wurden von fast allen Keimen auf Festnährböden nur feine Fimbrien ausgebildet. Diese mannose‐resistenten Fimbrien können offenbar an einer Lektinophagocytose in Makrophagenkulturen beteiligt sein. Die Anheftung der Salmonellen über diese Fimbrien sowie die Internalisierung von Zellen mit Fimbrien wird elektronenmikroskopisch aufgezeigt und im Hinblick auf Infektion und Immunisierung diskutiert.
Analysis of Membrane Proteins of Mycoplasma capricolum Strains by SDS‐PAGE and Immunoblotting
Authors: Benkirane A. , Amghar S. , Kirchhoff H. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySixteen moroccan and five other Mycoplasma (M.) capricolum strains were characterized by SDS‐PAGE as well as by the immunobinding assay and immunoblotting, using antisera against M. capricolum California Kid (CK) and M. mycoides YG. There was a strong reaction of all 21 strains with antiserum against M. capricolum CK and of 18 strains with antiserum against M. mycoides YG in the immunobinding assay, confirming the cross‐reactivity between these two species observed earlier. A marked heterogeneity among the M. capricolum strains appeared in SDS‐PAGE and in immunoblotting, characterized by different protein patterns and different strengths of identical protein bands. All M. capricolum strains investigated revealed, however, at least three strong protein bands with mol. weights of about 30, 42 and 52 KD reacting in immunoblotting with antiserum against M. capricolum CK but not with antiserum against M. mycoides YG. These proteins may represent antigens suitable for the identification and differentiation of M. capricolum strains.
Die Wirksamkeit einer Immunisierung mit Vaccinia‐Virus Stamm „MVA” gegen eine Infektion mit Kuhpocken‐Virus Stamm „OPV 85” beim Kaninchen
Authors: Munz E. , Linckh S. , Renner‐Müller I. C. E. , Reimann M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe efficacy of immunization with vacciniavirus strain “MVA” against infection with cowpoxvirus strain “OPV 85” in rabbitsThe immunological efficacy of vaccinavirus “MVA” was tested against a dermal and intradermal infection with cowpoxvirus “OPV 85” in rabbits:A single vaccination with “MVA” provided only insufficient immunity, a revaccination induced good immunity. Intramuscular immunizations protected better than subcutaneous applications. Immunized rabbits showed “revaccination reactions” after infection with “OPV 85” indicating a cellular immunity. After immunization with “MVA” and after infection with cowpoxvirus “OPV 85” all rabbits developed N‐ and ELISA‐antibodies. HAI‐antibodies were not found after immunization, but indicated a multiplication of cowpoxvirus after challenge.Vacciniavirus “MVA” is suggested for immunization of man and animal against possible infections with cowpoxvirus and cowpoxlike viruses.ZusammenfassungDie Wirksamkeit einer Impfung mit Vacciniavirus (Vac‐Virus) „MVA” gegen eine Infektion mit Kuhpocken‐Virus (KuP‐Virus) „OPV 85” beim Kaninchen wird beschrieben:Eine einmalige Immunisierung verlieh eine geringe, eine Revakzinierung hingegen eine gute Immunität, wobei eine intramuskuläre Impfstoffapplikation besser immunogen wirkte als eine subkutane. Klinisch äußerte sich die Immunität durch einen beschleunigten und abgeschwächten Verlauf der Infektion, durch eine verringerte Anzahl der Pocken nach kutaner Belastungsinfektion und durch einen verminderten Infiltratdurchmesser nach intrakutaner Infektion im Vergleich zu den Kontrolltieren. Nach der Immunisierung mit Vac‐Virus „MVA” und nach der Infektion mit KuP‐Virus „OPV 85” konnten Antikörper im Neutralisationstest und im Enzyme‐linked Immuno‐sorbent Assay nachgewiesen werden, hämagglutinationshemmende Antikörper jedoch i. d. R. nicht nach der Impfung, sondern erst nach der Belastungsinfektion.Die Ergebnisse belegen die Eignung von Vac‐Virus „MVA” zur Prophylaxe gegen Infektionen mit Kuhpockenvirus bzw. mit „kuhpockenähnlichen” Erregern bei Mensch und Tier.
Experimental Cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylosis (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in Goats: I. Clinical Observations
Authors: Handeland K. , Skorping A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryClinical observations of 17 goat kids inoculated with 100–1000 infective larvae of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi and autopsied 21–154 days post inoculation (p.i.) are reported.Pruritus was common in the period 4–10 weeks p.i. Six animals displayed neurological signs starting 35 to 94 days p.i. The most frequent sign was posterior paresis. Other signs included cranial nerve paresis, ataxia, lameness, scoliosis, reduced vision, abnormal behaviour, depression and mental confusion. Recoveries were recorded.An apparent dose‐response related eosinophilia was observed at days 14 and 32 p.i.None of the experimentally infected kids shed E. rangiferi first‐stage larvae in the faeces, indicating that the nematode will not complete its life‐cycle in goats.
Experimental Infection of Weaned Calves and Lambs with two Strains of Bovine Adenovirus Type 2
Authors: Rusvai M. , Glávits R. , Kucsera L. , Belák S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe pathogenicity of two genetically different strains of bovine adenovirus type 2 (BAV‐2) was tested in a double cross experimental infection of weaned lambs and calves. One of the virus strains was isolated from cattle and represented BAV‐2 subgroup “A”, while the other was isolated from sheep and belonged to subgroup “B” (Belák et al., 1983).The two virus strains caused infection both in lambs and calves; the viruses were repeatedly reisolated and definite seroconversion was found in all four groups. However, remarkable differences were observed in the pathogenicity: the most intensive virus multiplication and shedding, the most severe clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions were observed in the lamb group infected with the ovine isolate.
Experimental Cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylosis (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in Sheep
Authors: Handeland K. , Skorping A. , Slettbakk T. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySeven lambs were inoculated with 150–3,000 infective larvae of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi and subsequently killed for autopsy.From one week post inoculation (p.i.), a marked eosinophilia was found, and one of the lambs showed signs of coughing, increased respiratory frequency and elevated body temperature. Pruritus was observed in three lambs during the period 5–10 weeks p.i.Gross and microscopic lesions were found in the liver, lungs, myocardium, kidneys, spinal nerve roots and in the central nervous system (CNS). The lesions resembled those previously reported in experimentally infected goat kids.The migratory route of the infective larve seemed to be haematogenous. Developing nematodes were sectioned in the CNS of a lamb killed at day 30 p.i. The nematodes found in the brain of this lamb were significantly thicker than those observed in the spinal cord. Intact nematodes were not detected in the remaining lambs which were all killed 149–151 days p.i. None of the experimental lambs shed E. rangiferi first‐stage larvae in the faeces. These findings indicate that E. rangiferi gradually dies out in sheep and will not complete its life cycle in this animal species.
Research on the Presence of Porcine Enterovirus Serotype 1 in North‐Eastern Italy
Authors: Nardelli St. , Farina L. , Selli Lucia , Parpaiola R. , Zuin A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe liquid‐phase blocking sandwich ELISA, already developed for foot‐and‐mouth disease and swine vesicular disease serology, has been employed in pig sera for the antibody detection against porcine enterovirus serotype 1. ELISA‐titers correlate positively with virus neutralization and their distribution show a high prevalence among the sampled pigs. The serological findings are confirmed by the isolation of a field strain of porcine enterovirus belonging to the serotype 1.
Antigenicity of Dermatophilus Congolensis Hemolysin
Authors: Skalka B. , Pospíšil L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe separated cell‐free form of hemolytic exosubstance was obtained from five strains of Dermatophilus congolensis. Three strains produced exosubstance with high activity, two strains produced exosubstance with lower intensity of activity. The separated forms exhibited the same hemolytic interactions as the native forms produced by growing strains, namely the antagonism with staphylococcal beta hemolysin and the synergism with staphylococcal delta hemolysin, streptococcal CAMP factor and rhodococcal equi factor. Rabbit sera obtained after intravenous or intraperitoneal application of the separated forms contained precipitation and neutralization antibodies. Cross tests of precipitation and neutralization proved antigen identity of hemolysins of different D. congolensis, strains which makes the serodiagnostics of this species possible.