bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Friedman Seth D. , Poliachik Sandra L. , Carter Gregory T. , Budech Christopher B. , Bird Thomas D. , Shaw Dennis W.W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is associated with a repeat contraction in the D4Z4 gene locus on chromosome 4q35. We used a one‐step quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to evaluate muscle, edema, and fat in patients spanning the range of severity. Methods: Fifteen patients with FSHD were compared with 10 healthy subjects using non‐negative linear least‐squares fitting of 32‐echo relaxation data (T2). The results were compared with a biexponential approach for characterizing muscle/fat ratio and T2 relaxation measurements from fat‐suppressed inversion recovery. Results: Increased T2 signal consistent with edema was common in FSHD subjects, a pattern not present in healthy controls. A varied pattern of edema and fatty replacement in muscles was shown. Conclusions: As a discrete biomarker, edema may be useful for following the clinical course of FSHD. Future work toward optimizing measurement is discussed. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Strong practical stability and stabilization of uncertain discrete linear repetitive processes
Authors: Dabkowski Pawel , Galkowski Krzysztof , Bachelier Olivier , Rogers Eric , Kummert Anton , Lam James 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYRepetitive processes are a distinct class of 2D systems of both theoretical and practical interest. The stability theory for these processes originally consisted of two distinct concepts termed asymptotic stability and stability along the pass, respectively, where the former is a necessary condition for the latter. Recently applications have arisen where asymptotic stability is too weak, and stability along the pass is too strong for meaningful progress to be made. This, in turn, has led to the concept of strong practical stability for such cases, where previous work has formulated this property and obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for its existence together with Linear Matrix Inequality based tests, which then extend to allow robust control law design. This paper develops considerably simpler, and hence computationally more efficient, stability tests that also extend to allow control law design. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das beschleunigte Universum
Authors: Leibundgut Bruno , Bartelmann Matthias 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSaul Perlmutter, Adam Riess und Brian Schmidt erhalten den diesjährigen Physik‐Nobelpreis für die Entdeckung der beschleunigten Expansion des Universums. Damit haben sie unser kosmologisches Weltbild grundlegend verändert.
Cross‐cultural differences in information disclosure evaluated through the EORTC questionnaires
Authors: Arraras Juan Ignacio , Greimel Eva , Chie Wei‐Chu , Sezer Orhan , Bergenmar Mia , Costantini Anna , Young Teresa , Vlasic Karin Kuljanic , Velikova Galina ,   on behalf of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveInformational needs among cancer patients are similar, but the degree of information disclosure in different cultural areas varies. In this paper, we present the results of a cross‐cultural study on information received.MethodsThe EORTC information questionnaire, EORTC QLQ‐INFO25, was administered during the treatment process. This questionnaire evaluates the information that patients report they have received. Cross‐cultural differences in information have been evaluated using statistical tests such as Kruskall–Wallis and multivariate models with covariates to account for differences in clinical and demographic characteristics across areas.ResultsFour hundred and fifty‐one patients from three cultural areas, North–Middle Europe, South Europe, and Taiwan, were included in the study. Significant differences among the three cultural areas appeared in eight QLQ‐INFO25 dimensions: information about the disease; medical tests; places of care; written information; information on CD/tape/video; satisfaction; wish for more information; and information helpfulness. North–Middle Europe patients received more written information (mean = 67.2 (North) and 33.8 (South)) and South Europe patients received more information on different places of care (mean = 24.7 (North) and 35.0 (South)). Patients from North–Middle Europe and South Europe received more information than patients from Taiwan about the disease (mean = 57.9, 60.6, and 47.1, respectively) and medical tests (70.9, 70.4, and 54.5), showed more satisfaction (64.8, 70.2, and 35.0), and considered the information more helpful (71.9, 73.9, and 50.4). These results were confirmed when adjusting for age, education, and disease stage.ConclusionThere are cross‐cultural differences in information received. Some of these differences are based on the characteristics of each culture. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate and Acrylic Acid Forming Robust Carboxylic Functionalities on Plastic Surfaces for Biodiagnostics
Authors: Coyle Conor , Gandiraman Ram Prasad , Gubala Vladimir , Le Nam Cao Hoai , O'Mahony Christy Charlton , Doyle Colin , James Bryony , Swift Paul , Daniels Stephen , Williams David E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSurface functionalisation and effects related to non‐specific binding of the detection molecules are the key aspects to be considered for fluorescence‐linked bioassays. Here, we present a deposition of polymeric structures with carboxylic acid functionalities by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition. We report on characterisation and some unique properties of the film formed as a result of sequential, plasma assisted fragmentation and deposition from vapours of acrylic acid (AA) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). TEOS serves as an adhesion layer to the plastic substrate and also as a network building layer for further cross‐linking with AA, the sequential plasma deposition resulting in a film of composition graded from inside to outside. The presence of silanols (Si‐OH) can facilitate large uptake of water molecules and cause significant hydration of the layer, which in combination with high total negative charge lowers the non‐specific binding of biomolecules. Furthermore, the specific combination of TEOS and AA significantly increased the proportion of carboxyl groups in the layer, above that found from deposition of AA alone. The availability and reactivity of the carboxyl functionalities for covalent attachment of specific bioreceptor molecules was confirmed by a total internal reflection ellipsometry technique in a reaction with amino terminated ssDNA. The combination of low non‐specific binding and high specific binding amount gave a high signal/noise ratio. Ageing studies of the film showed long‐term stability over 50 d.magnified image
Earth system models: an overview
Authors: Flato Gregory M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEarth System models (ESMs) are global climate models with the added capability to explicitly represent biogeochemical processes that interact with the physical climate and so alter its response to forcing such as that associated with human‐caused emissions of greenhouse gases. Representing the global carbon cycle allows for feedbacks between the physical climate and the biological and chemical processes in the ocean and on land that take up some of the emitted carbon dioxide and so act to reduce warming. The sulfur cycle is also important in that both natural and human emissions of sulfur contribute to the production of sulfate aerosols which reflect incoming solar radiation (a direct cooling effect) and alter cloud properties (an indirect cooling effect). Other components such as ozone are also being incorporated into some ESMs. Evaluating the physical component of an ESM is becoming increasingly comprehensive and sophisticated, but the evaluation of the biogeochemical components suffer somewhat from a lack of comprehensive global‐scale observational data. Nevertheless, such models provide valuable insight into climate variability and change, and the role of human activities and possible mitigation actions on future climate change. Internationally coordinated experiments are increasingly important in providing a multimodel ensemble of climate simulations, thereby taking advantage of some ‘cancellation of errors’ and allowing better quantification of uncertainty. WIREs Clim Change 2011, 2:783–800. doi: 10.1002/wcc.148This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Earth System Models
Ba2Ni3: A Missed Intermetallic Compound
Authors: Höhn Peter , Burkhardt UIrich , Hoffmann Stefan , Jach Franziska , Kniep Rüdiger 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reinvestigation of the binary system Ba‐Ni revealed the existence of Ba2Ni3 in the temperature range 450 °C–800 °C. Single crystals were grown at 700 °C in the presence of excess barium, followed by separation from the melt by use of the high‐temperature centrifugation aided filtration technique, HTCAF. At ambient temperature Ba2Ni3 is in a metastable state which slowly transforms to the elements (side‐phases of the binary system). The extreme softness and the mechanical instability of the hygroscopic Ba2Ni3 particles prevented a single crystal structure determination. The crystal structure was solved from X‐ray powder diffraction data (P$\bar{3}$m1 (No. 164), a = 419.97(2) pm, c = 913.32(3) pm) and revealed Ba2Ni3 to be an isotype of Sr2Ni3 which was reported only recently.
Kinetic modeling of rapid enzymatic hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose after pretreatment by NMMO
Authors: Khodaverdi Mahdi , Jeihanipour Azam , Karimi Keikhosro , Taherzadeh Mohammad J 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPretreatment of cellulose with an industrial cellulosic solvent, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, showed promising results in increasing the rate of subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Cotton linter was used as high crystalline cellulose. After the pretreatment, the cellulose was almost completely hydrolyzed in less than 12 h, using low enzyme loading (15 FPU/g cellulose). The pretreatment significantly decreased the total crystallinity of cellulose from 7.1 to 3.3, and drastically increased the enzyme adsorption capacity of cellulose by approximately 42 times. A semi-mechanistic model was used to describe the relationship between the cellulose concentration and the enzyme loading. In this model, two reactions for heterogeneous reaction of cellulose to glucose and cellobiose, and a homogenous reaction for cellobiose conversion to glucose was incorporated. The Langmuir model was applied to model the adsorption of cellulase onto the treated cellulose. The competitive inhibition was also considered for the effects of sugar inhibition on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. The kinetic parameters of the model were estimated by experimental results and evaluated.
Genetics and language: a neurobiological perspective on the missing link (-ing hypotheses)
Authors: Poeppel David 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The paper argues that both evolutionary and genetic approaches to studying the biological foundations of speech and language could benefit from fractionating the problem at a finer grain, aiming not to map genetics to “language”—or even subdomains of language such as “phonology” or “syntax”—but rather to link genetic results to component formal operations that underlie processing the comprehension and production of linguistic representations. Neuroanatomic and neurophysiological research suggests that language processing is broken down in space (distributed functional anatomy along concurrent pathways) and time (concurrent processing on multiple time scales). These parallel neuronal pathways and their local circuits form the infrastructure of speech and language and are the actual targets of evolution/genetics. Therefore, investigating the mapping from gene to brain circuit to linguistic phenotype at the level of generic computational operations (subroutines actually executable in these circuits) stands to provide a new perspective on the biological foundations in the healthy and challenged brain.
Management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis: Results of a survey of the members of the European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society
Authors: Sonnega R. J. A. , van der Sluijs J. A. , Wainwright A. M. , Roposch A. , Hefti F. 
Published: November 2011

Aim To determine current practice recommendations for the treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) among members of the European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (EPOS). Materials and methods A questionnaire with 4 case vignettes of a 12-year-old boy presenting with a stable and unstable SCFE. Each, stable and unstable slips, was of mild (20° epiphyseal-shaft angle) and of severe (60° epiphyseal-shaft angle) degree was sent to all members of EPOS in 2009 in order to ascertain their views on the best management of SCFE. Specifically, respondents were asked about the role of reduction, methods of fixation, prophylactic fixation of the non-affected hip, postoperative management and their view on the anticipated need for secondary surgery. Results The response rate was 25% (72/287). The participating surgeons’ average workload was 76% in paediatric orthopaedics, with mean 16 years of experience. Surgeons were most consistent in their advice for stable slips, where around 90% of the respondents did not recommend a reduction of the slip regardless of severity of slip. Seventy per cent of the respondents recommended the use of only one screw for fixation of a stable slip and for mild unstable slips. For severe unstable slips, 46% of surgeons recommended reduction only by positioning of the hip on the fracture table, 35% by manipulation and 11% advised open reduction. Responders were less consistent in their advice on the anticipated need for secondary osteotomies (in mild slips about 40% and about 60% in severe slips would advise an osteotomy) and on treatment of the contralateral hip (with 32% of surgeons recommending prophylactic fixation of the contralateral hip). Conclusion Within members of EPOS, there is controversy on several aspects of the management of SCFE particularly on aspects of the treatment of unstable SCFE. Significance Members of EPOS predominantly use traditional means of treatment for patients with SCFE. In contrast, the more modern treatment concepts, such as open reduction via surgical dislocation, are rarely used.
Undergraduate Urology in the UK: Does it Prepare Doctors Adequately?
Authors: Malde Sachin , Shrotri Nitin 
Published: November 2011

Objectives: Undergraduate medical education in the UK has recently changed. Medical schools are expected to provide the core knowledge required for medical practice, with the foundation programme building upon this. However, studies have suggested that both undergraduate and postgraduate exposure to urology have declined. This study aims to evaluate the views of newly qualified doctors regarding undergraduate urology training. Subjects and methods: An online questionnaire was emailed to all UK foundation doctors in August 2010 (total 4339). Results: 289 responses were received, giving a confidence level of 95% with an error rate of 5.6%. 26.6% of respondents had no undergraduate urology attachment, with a further 30.5% receiving one week or less. 68.9% felt that more time should be devoted to urology teaching, with only 9.7% believing that their undergraduate training was adequate. Most (67.8%) thought there was not enough practical skills experience, with 60.4% never having inserted a female urethral catheter. 77.5% felt that a basic urological skills course would be beneficial, with 54% wanting a longer clinical attachment. Interestingly, 70.1% of those surveyed will not complete a urology rotation during the foundation programme, with only 15.6% having considered a career in urology. Conclusion: This survey highlights the wide variation in undergraduate urology teaching across the UK, and demonstrates that the foundation programme does not necessarily compensate for this. A national basic urological skills course may provide a standardised way to improve training across the country.
Predictors of suicide in patients with dementia
Authors: Seyfried Lisa S. , Kales Helen C. , Ignacio Rosalinda V. , Conwell Yeates , Valenstein Marcia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundAssessing predictors of suicide and means of completion in patients with dementia may aid the development of interventions to reduce risk of suicide among the growing population of individuals with dementia.MethodsThis national, retrospective, cohort study used data from the Department of Veterans Affairs (fiscal years 2001–2005). The sample included patients ≥60 years old diagnosed with dementia (N = 294,952), of which 241 committed suicide. Potential predictors of suicide were identified using logistic regression. Suicide methods are also reported.ResultsIncreased risk of suicide was associated with white race (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.8), depression (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.9), a history of inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.5), and prescription fills of antidepressants (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.8) or anxiolytics (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.7). Nursing home admission was associated with lower suicide risk (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8). Severity of medical comorbidity did not affect risk of suicide. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the majority of suicides occurred in those who were newly diagnosed with dementia. Firearms were the most common method of suicide (73%) used.ConclusionsGiven the higher rate of suicide in those receiving treatment for psychiatric symptoms and the high proportion that died using firearms, closer monitoring and assessment of gun access may be an important part of initial treatment planning for older male patients with dementia, particularly those with symptoms of depression or anxiety.
The measurement of everyday cognition: Development and validation of a short form of the Everyday Cognition scales
Authors: Tomaszewski Farias Sarah , Mungas Dan , Harvey Danielle J. , Simmons Amanda , Reed Bruce R. , DeCarli Charles 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes the development and validation of a shortened version of the Everyday Cognition (ECog) scales [Tomaszewski Farias et al. Neuropsychology 2008;22:531–44], an informant‐rated questionnaire designed to detect cognitive and functional decline.MethodsExternal, convergent, and divergent validities and internal consistency were examined. Data were derived from informant ratings of 907 participants who were either cognitively normal, had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or had dementia.ResultsTwelve items were included in the shortened version (ECog‐12). The ECog‐12 strongly correlated with established functional measures and neuropsychological scores, only weakly with age and education, and demonstrated high internal consistency. The ECog‐12 showed excellent discrimination between the dementia and normal groups (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve = 0.95, CI = 0.94–0.97), and showed promise in discriminating normal older adults from those with any cognitive impairment (i.e., MCI or dementia). Discrimination between the MCI and normal groups was poor.ConclusionsThe ECog‐12 shows promise as a clinical tool for assisting clinicians in identifying individuals with dementia.
Prospects for designating Alzheimer's disease research a national priority
Authors: Khachaturian Zaven S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis editorial evaluates the prospects of the National Alzheimer's Project Act (NAPA) succeeding to shape public policies that would substantially increase national expenditures for research on Alzheimer's disease. The essay identifies, in the context of 30‐year history, some of the difficult challenges the NAPA Advisory Council must address and offers specific recommendations for an action plan by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).
The perilous effects of capability loss on outsourcing management and performance
Authors: Handley Sean M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe outsourcing of manufacturing activities and business processes has emerged as a prevalent business practice in many industries. Given this state, the lackluster performance of an alarmingly high proportion of outsourcing initiatives is somewhat surprising. In an effort to achieve aggressive cost savings objectives, many outsourcing engagements are associated with organizational resources being disposed of which can lead to a significant operational capability loss on the part of the outsourcing firm. Surprisingly little empirical research has dealt with the issues arising from this capability loss frequently associated with outsourcing. This study strives to address this void. Drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives, this study investigates the direct impact that capability loss has on outsourcing performance, and also the impact it has on the outsourcing firm's ability to effectively manage its relationship with the outsourcing provider. Results from our hierarchical regression analysis on 198 outsourcing initiatives suggest an inadequate capability evaluation up front can lead to a more substantive capability loss. Subsequently, we find that a more extensive capability loss has a direct negative effect on outsourcing performance. Prior studies have established the significant positive effect that developing a committed and cooperative relationship with the provider has on outsourcing performance. Our results corroborate these previous findings, and also demonstrate that capability loss inhibits the outsourcing firm's efforts to develop a committed and cooperative relationship with the outsourcing provider.
Kleptothule rasmusseni gen. et sp. nov.: an ?olenellinid-like trilobite from the Sirius Passet fauna (Buen Formation, Lower Cambrian, North Greenland)
Authors: Budd Graham E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna from Peary Land, North Greenland, is a rich repository of soft-bodied and poorly-sclerotised fossils. A new arthropod from the fauna,Kleptothule rasmusseni, is described. The animal is broadly trilobite-like, possessing a trilobed exoskeleton which is divided into distinct cephalic, thoracic and caudal regions. However, it is unusual in that it possesses a large number of segments, and demonstrates pronounced cephalic segmentation, and a very narrow cephalon and thorax. There is some evidence that the exoskeleton was lightly mineralised.Kleptothuleis compared to some of the olenellimd trilobites, especially those taxa that possess a many-segmented ‘opisthothorax’. Its morphology raises some issues discussed by Lauterbach (1983) in his assignment of some olenellids to the stem-group of the chelicerates. However, it is not considered herein that such a model can be supported. A complete analysis of basal trilobites and the stem-group leading to them must await a fuller description of key taxa from China and Greenland.
Cindarellaand the arachnate clade Xandarellida (Arthropoda, Early Cambrian) from China
Authors: Ramsköld Lars , Junyuan Chen , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Guiqing Zhou 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCindarella eucallaChenet al.from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna is the closest relative ofXandarella spectaculumHouet al. CindarellaandXandarellaare united as Xandarellida, a further component of Cambrian arachnate diversity. Diagnostic of Xandarellida are ventral eyes, a posterior extension of the head shield that covers anterior trunk segments, and multiple somites per tergite in the rear part of the trunk. Somites and tergites are decoupled throughout the trunk inCindarella. The bilobate structure of the exopod in xandarellids is widespread throughout the Arachnata.