bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspects of the fishery, maturation and net selectivity of the wedge sole (Dicologoglossa cuneata) off south-western Iberia: implications for fishery management
Authors: Santos Miguel Neves , Lino Pedro Gil 
Published: December 2009

The wedge sole (Dicologoglossa cuneata, Moreau 1881) is a commercially important species for the artisanal fleet operating off the south-western Iberian Peninsula. During 2004 and 2005 a study was undertaken aiming to provide a scientific basis for management. Data collection included information on aspects of the fishery, spawning season, size at first maturity, tangle and gill-net selectivity. Seven nominal mesh sizes were used (40, 45 and 50 mm tangle nets and 40, 50, 60 and 70 mm gill-nets). Spawning lasts from December to June, with peaks in March and May. Length at first maturity for females was estimated at 18.5 cm. Catch rates decreased sharply with increasing mesh size, with tangle nets providing the highest yields. The log-normal selectivity model provided the best fit for specimens that were wedged. The higher catch-per-unit-effort of the smaller mesh sizes and the modal length of the fitted selectivity curve being below the size-at-maturity for wedge sole, suggests that the 50 mm nominal mesh size tangle net is the most appropriate for ensuring the fishery sustainability. Nevertheless, the minimum legal size should increase to at least 18 cm and a time–area closure should be implemented off the Guadiana River mouth.
Cannabis use and childhood trauma interact additively to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in adolescence
Authors: Harley M. , Kelleher I. , Clarke M. , Lynch F. , Arseneault L. , Connor D. , Fitzpatrick C. , Cannon M. 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundAdolescent cannabis use has been shown in many studies to increase the risk of later psychosis. Childhood trauma is associated with both substance misuse and risk for psychosis. In this study our aim was to investigate whether there is a significant interaction between cannabis use and childhood trauma in increasing the risk for experiencing psychotic symptoms during adolescence.MethodPsychiatric interviews using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS) semi-structured instrument were carried out with 211 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years and their parents as part of a population-based study. The interview enquired about early traumatic events, cannabis use and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence.ResultsIn separate analyses both cannabis use and childhood trauma were significantly associated with risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms. However, the presence of both childhood trauma and early cannabis use significantly increased the risk for psychotic symptoms beyond the risk posed by either risk factor alone, indicating that there was a greater than additive interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use.ConclusionOur finding of a greater than additive interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use may have implications for the identification of individuals at high risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms. For example, measures to actively discourage or intensively treat cannabis use in children and adolescents who have experienced abuse may help to prevent the development of psychosis in this vulnerable group. Our findings require replication in larger samples to confirm this interaction effect.
Parental practices predict psychological well-being in midlife: life-course associations among women in the 1946 British birth cohort
Authors: Huppert F. A. , Abbott R. A. , Ploubidis G. B. , Richards M. , Kuh D. 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundCertain parenting styles are influential in the emergence of later mental health problems, but less is known about the relationship between parenting style and later psychological well-being. Our aim was to examine the association between well-being in midlife and parental behaviour during childhood and adolescence, and the role of personality as a possible mediator of this relationship.MethodData from 984 women in the 1946 British birth cohort study were analysed using structural equation modelling. Psychological well-being was assessed at age 52 years using Ryff's scales of psychological well-being. Parenting practices were recollected at age 43 years using the Parental Bonding Instrument. Extraversion and neuroticism were assessed at age 26 years using the Maudsley Personality Inventory.ResultsIn this sample, three parenting style factors were identified: care; non-engagement; control. Higher levels of parental care were associated with higher psychological well-being, while higher parental non-engagement or control were associated with lower levels of psychological well-being. The effects of care and non-engagement were largely mediated by the offspring's personality, whereas control had direct effects on psychological well-being. The psychological well-being of adult women was at least as strongly linked to the parenting style of their fathers as to that of their mothers, particularly in relation to the adverse effects of non-engagement and control.ConclusionsThis study used a prospective longitudinal design to examine the effects of parenting practices on psychological well-being in midlife. The effects of parenting, both positive and negative, persisted well into mid-adulthood.
Neural correlates of error-related learning deficits in individuals with psychopathy
Authors: von Borries A. K. L. , Brazil I. A. , Bulten B. H. , Buitelaar J. K. , Verkes R. J. , de Bruijn E. R. A. 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundPsychopathy (PP) is associated with a performance deficit in a variety of stimulus–response and stimulus–reinforcement learning paradigms. We tested the hypothesis that failures in error monitoring underlie these learning deficits.MethodWe measured electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring [error-related negativity (ERN)] during a probabilistic learning task in individuals with PP (n=13) and healthy matched control subjects (n=18). The task consisted of three graded learning conditions in which the amount of learning was manipulated by varying the degree to which the response was predictive of the value of the feedback (50, 80 and 100%).ResultsBehaviourally, we found impaired learning and diminished accuracy in the group of individuals with PP. Amplitudes of the response ERN (rERN) were reduced. No differences in the feedback ERN (fERN) were found.ConclusionsThe results are interpreted in terms of a deficit in initial rule learning and subsequent generalization of these rules to new stimuli. Negative feedback is adequately processed at a neural level but this information is not used to improve behaviour on subsequent trials. As learning is degraded, the process of error detection at the moment of the actual response is diminished. Therefore, the current study demonstrates that disturbed error-monitoring processes play a central role in the often reported learning deficits in individuals with PP.
Effect of spinal degenerative changes on volumetric bone mineral density of the central skeleton as measured by quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Guglielmi G. , Floriani I. , Torri V. , Li J. , van Kuijk C. , Genant H. K. , Lang T. F. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of degenerative changes due to osteoarthritis (OA) at the spine on volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) as measured by volumetric quantitative computed tomography (vQCT). Material and Methods: Eighty‐four elderly women (mean age 73±6 years), comprising 33 with vertebral fractures assessed by radiographs and 51 without vertebral fractures, were studied. Trabecular, cortical, and integral BMD were examined at the spine and hip using a helical CT scanner and were compared to dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements at the same sites. OA changes visible on the radiographs were categorized into two grades according to severity. Differences in BMD measures obtained in the two groups of patients defined by OA grade using the described radiologic methods were compared using analysis of variance. Standardized difference (effect sizes) was also compared between radiologic methods. Results: Spinal trabecular BMD did not differ significantly between OA grade 0 and OA grade 1. Spinal cortical and integral BMD measures showed statistically significant differences, as did the lumbar spine DXA BMD measurement (13%, P = 0.02). The QCT measurements at the hip were also higher in OA 1 subjects. Femoral trabecular BMD was 13–15% higher in OA grade 1 subjects than in OA grade 0 subjects. The cortical BMD measures in the CT_TOT_FEM and CT_TROCH ROI's were also higher in the OA 1 subjects. The integral QCT BMD measures in the hip showed difference between grades OA 1 and 0. The DXA measurements in the neck and trochanter ROI's showed smaller differences (9 and 11%, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in bone size. Conclusion: There is no evidence supporting that trabecular BMD measurements by QCT are influenced by OA. Instead, degenerative changes have an effect on both cortical and integral QCT, and on DXA at the lumbar spine and the hip. For subjects with established OA, assessment of BMD by volumetric QCT may be suggested.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma: preliminary results
Authors: Mahnken A. H. , Rohde D. , Brkovic D. , Günther R. W. , Tacke J. A. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To report early results in percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of renal cell carcinoma with an expandable RF probe. Material and Methods: In 14 patients (9 male, mean age 67.9±9.9 years) CT‐guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of 15 renal cell carcinomas was performed using an expandable LeVeen probe (diameter 2–4 cm) and a 200‐watt generator under general anesthesia and CT control. Tumors exceeding a diameter of 3 cm ( n = 6) were embolized within 24 h prior to RFA. Average tumor size was 3.0±1.0 cm. Results: RFA was technically successful in all patients, resulting in a mean size of necrosis of 3.7±0.7 cm. With the exception of one reno‐cutaneous fistula, which was successfully treated conservatively, no major complications were observed. No local recurrence was observed (follow‐up: 13.9±12.4 months) while extrarenal tumor progression occurred in four patients. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that nephron sparing percutaneous RFA of renal tumors with an expandable RF probe is safe and effective.
Do dysphagic patients with an absent pharyngeal swallow have a shorter survival than dysphagic patients with pharyngeal swallow? prognostic importance of a therapeutic videoradiographic swallowing study (TVSS)
Authors: Bülow M. , Olsson R. , Ekberg O. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:To study survival in two groups of dysphagic patients – one group unable to elicit the pharyngeal stage of swallow (APS) and another group with pharyngeal swallow (WPS) – and to compare recommendations regarding nutrition and therapeutic strategies based on the therapeutic swallowing study. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, the records of dysphagic patients who have undergone a therapeutic videoradiographic swallowing study (TVSS) were reviewed. Forty patients without pharyngeal swallow were matched for age and gender with 40 patients with pharyngeal swallow; altogether 80 patients were included in the study. Survival was registered at 3, 12, and 72 months after the TVSS. Results: In this study, the APS group had a significantly shorter survival time ( P = 0.0030) compared to the WPS group when followed‐up at 12 months. In the APS group, most patients (37.5% (15/40)) died within the 3 months after TVSS. At 72 months, 62.5% (25/40) of the patients in the APS group had died. In the WPS group, 5% (2/40) had died within 3 months and 47.4% (19/40) after 12 months. At 72 months, 52.5% (21/40) of the patients in the WPS group had died. Regarding nutritional and therapeutic recommendations based on TVSS, 34/40 in the APS group were recommended no oral intake. Eighteen naso‐gastric tubes were placed directly after TVSS. The therapeutic strategies recommended were head‐positioning, thermal tactile stimulation, and tongue exercises (in 8 patients). In the WPS group, all patients were recommended oral intake. Diet modification was recommended in 29 patients. The therapeutic strategies recommended were head‐positioning, thermal tactile stimulation, tongue exercises, supraglottic swallow, and effortful swallow (in 24 patients). Conclusion: Patients unable to elicit the pharyngeal stage of swallow had a shorter survival time than patients with pharyngeal swallow, probably due to a more severe underlying disease. Tube feeding was more frequent in the APS group. Fewer therapeutic strategies were recommended compared to the WPS group. In the WPS group, diet modification was frequent. Several patients had different therapeutic strategies. At the end of the study, 8/40 patients (20%) in the APS group had recovered and regained the ability to elicit the pharyngeal stage of swallow. All eight had achieved active swallowing rehabilitation.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty for compression fracture: analysis of vertebral body volume by CT volumetry
Authors: Komemushi A. , Tanigawa N. , Kariya S. , Kojima H. , Shomura Y. , Sawada S. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the relationships between volume of vertebral bodies with compression fracture (measured by CT volumetry) before percutaneous vertebroplasty, the amount of bone cement injected, and the effect of treatment. Material and Methods: We examined 49 consecutive patients, with 104 vertebral body compression fractures, who underwent percutaneous injection of bone cement. Vertebral body volume was measured by CT volumetry. The patient's pain level was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after the procedure. Improvement in VAS was defined as the decrease in VAS after the procedure. Relationships between vertebral body volume, the amount of bone cement, and the effect of treatment were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient test. Results: Average vertebral body volume was 26.3±8.1 cm3; average amount of bone cement was 3.2±1.1 ml; and average improvement in VAS was 4.9±2.7. The vertebral body volume was greater if a larger amount of bone cement was injected. There was a significant positive correlation between vertebral body volume and amount of bone cement ( r = 0.44; P<0.0001). However, there was no correlation between vertebral body volume and improvement in VAS, or between amount of bone cement and improvement in VAS. Conclusion: In percutaneous vertebroplasty for vertebral body compression fracture, there is a positive correlation between vertebral body volume and amount of bone cement, but improvement in VAS does not correlate with vertebral body volume or amount of bone cement.
Three‐dimensional rotational angiography of transplanted renal arteries: influence of an extended angle of rotation on beam‐hardening artifacts
Authors: Hagen G. , Wadström J. , Eriksson L. G. , Magnusson P. , Magnusson M. , Magnusson A. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To investigate whether three‐dimensional rotational angiography (3D‐RA) of the transplant renal artery performed with an extended angle of rotation can reduce beam‐hardening artifacts in 3D reconstructed images without image quality being lost or side effects to the transplanted kidney being increased. Material and Methods: 3D‐RA with a C‐arm rotation of 180° was performed consecutively in 12 renal transplanted patients with suspicion of renal artery stenosis. A 1.7‐mm balloon occlusion catheter was placed using the crossover technique and this was compared to a protocol with 160° rotation and a traditional 1.4‐mm catheter in 10 patients. The occurrence of beam‐hardening artifacts was registered and the effects of the reduced contrast load on image quality and of arterial occlusion on renal function were assessed. Results: The extended angle of rotation, from 160° to 180°, reduced the beam‐hardening artifacts. Artifacts were observed in 4/11 patients (36%) in the study group and in all 10 (100%) of the controls. There was no statistical difference regarding image quality between the two protocols. Renal function was equally affected in both protocols. Conclusion: 3D‐RA with an extended C‐arm rotation reduced the beam‐hardening artifacts. Image quality was not reduced despite the reduced contrast medium load. The different protocols had no effect on patient outcome.
Morphological imaging in the localization of neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors found by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy
Authors: Saga T. , Shimatsu A. , Koizumi K. , Ichikawa T. , Yamamoto K. , Noguchi S. , Doi R. , Ishibashi M. , Machinami R. , Nakamura K. , Sakahara H. , Endo K. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the necessity of morphological images (MI) in reading somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) in patients with suspected neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tumors. Material and Methods: A Japanese multicenter clinical trial of SRS was conducted in 40 patients with suspected GEP tumors. Three experienced radiologists interpreted the images in three separate sessions in a blinded manner (1: SRS images alone, 2: MI alone, 3: SRS and MI analyzed simultaneously), and the reading results of each session were compared. In addition, the diagnostic abilities of SRS, MI and SRS alone and simultaneous SRS and MI readings were compared for patients where final diagnosis was obtained. Results: SRS detected more suspected lesions (positive or inconclusive uptake) than morphological images did (51 vs 27 lesions), but included many physiological uptakes detected as positive or inconclusive uptakes. Combined reading of SRS and morphological images helped to correctly recognize these physiological uptakes, and also helped in determining the anatomical localization of the abnormal uptakes. Combined reading of SRS and morphological images gave the highest diagnostic impact. Conclusion: The sensitivity of SRS with regard to GEP is high. However the specificity is very low. Morphologic imaging is necessary for the exclusion of physiological uptake and correct anatomic location of an abnormal tracer uptake. The combined reading of SRS and morphologic imaging studies gives the highest diagnostic impact.
Intra‐arterial magnetic resonance angiography of the iliac arteries: clinical experience using two different protocols
Authors: Paetzel C. , Zorger N. , Völk M. , Herold T. , Seitz J. , Nitz W. R. , Feuerbach S. , Hamer O. , Lenhart M. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of intra‐arterial magnetic resonance angiography (iaMRA) with two different protocols. Material and Methods: Twenty patients were prospectively examined after digital subtraction angiography. Contrast‐enhanced iaMRA was performed using a 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Contrast agent (gadodiamide) was injected through a conventional angiography catheter placed in the abdominal aorta. The patients were randomized into two groups each comprising 10 patients. Group 1 was examined with a FLASH‐3D (fast low‐angle shot) sequence, allowing the center of the k‐space to be acquired 0.5 s after initiation of the measurement. Group 2 was examined with the identical sequence, but the center of the k‐space was acquired after 8.7 s. The increase in the intravascular signal intensity was determined and the diagnostic value of the angiograms was independently scored by 4 investigators using a 5‐point scale. Results: Nineteen of 20 MRAs were scored as diagnostic; only 1 was scored as non‐diagnostic by 2 observers. The diagnostic value of the angiograms of group 2 was judged superior to that of group 1 owing to a more homogeneous intravascular contrast distribution. Conclusion: Intra‐arterial MRA is feasible. The diagnostic value of angiograms using a flash sequence with center of the k‐space acquisition after 8.7 s ranged from good to excellent. This sequence is appropriate for iaMRA of iliac arteries to support MR guided intervention.
High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging of trabecular bone in the wrist at 3 tesla: initial results
Authors: Ludescher B. , Martirosian P. , Lenk S. , Machann J. , Dammann F. , Schick F. , Claussen C. , Schlemmer H. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of trabecular bone of the wrist at 3 Tesla (3T) in vivo and to assess the potential benefit of the increased resolution for clinical assessment of structural changes in spongy bone. Material and Methods: High‐resolution MRI of the wrist was performed with a whole‐body 3T MR scanner using a dedicated circularly polarized transmit–receive wrist‐coil. Two 3D‐FISP sequences with a spatial resolution of 300×300×300 µm3 in a measuring time of TA = 7:51 min, and 200×200×200 µm3 in TA = 9:33 min were applied. Seven young healthy volunteers and three elderly subjects with suspected osteoporosis were examined. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the optimized setup at 3T was compared to measurements at 1.5T. Results: The images at 3T allow microscopic analysis of the bone structure at an isotropic spatial resolution of 200 µm in examination times of <10 min. Differences in the structure of the spongy bone between normal and markedly osteoporotic subjects are well depicted. The SNR at 3T was found up to 16 times higher than at 1.5T applying unchanged imaging parameters. Conclusion: The proposed high‐resolution MRI technique offers high potential in the diagnosis and follow‐up of diseases with impaired bone structure of hand and/or wrist in clinical applications.
Magnetic resonance findings of primary central nervous system t‐cell lymphoma in immunocompetent patients
Authors: Kim E. Y. , Kim S. S. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To describe the MR findings of primary central nervous system T‐cell lymphoma (T‐PCNSL) in immunocompetent patients. Material and Methods: Seven patients with pathologically proven T‐PCNSL were included in our study. The number, location, shape, enhancement pattern, and signal intensity of the tumors were determined. Diffusion‐weighted images (DWI) and perfusion‐weighted images (PWI) were obtained in four and two patients, respectively. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were generated, and regions of interest were defined in each lesion. Results: Four patients with T‐PCNSL had a single mass, while the others had multiple lesions (four, three, and two lesions, respectively). All seven cases of T‐PCNSL had a supratentorial location: 12 in the subcortical area and 1 in the thalamus. No leptomeningeal involvement was noted. All tumors showed iso‐ to low T1 and iso‐ to slightly high T2 signal intensity to the adjacent gray matter. Rim enhancement was seen in 5 of the 7 patients (71.4%), while heterogeneous and homogeneous enhancement was seen in each of two. On DWI and ADC maps, the enhancing lesions showed slight hyperintensity in three patients (mean ADC ratio, 0.92±0.06) and iso‐intensity in the other (ADC ratio, 1.02±0.05). Cystic areas consistent with necrosis were noted in three patients. High‐signal intensity area in the cortex was noted on T1‐weighted images in three patients, suggesting hemorrhage. In two patients, the same signal intensity area was noted within the mass. The two masses on the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) map demonstrated either similar or slightly higher signal intensity than that of the contralateral white matter. The rCBV ratios of these two masses were 1.27±0.16 and 1.35±0.2, respectively. Conclusion: T‐PCNSLs show a predilection for a subcortical location, a relatively high incidence of cortical or intratumoral hemorrhage, rim enhancement, or cystic areas consistent with necrosis on magnetic resonance imaging. The lower rCBV ratio of the tumor might be helpful in differentiating T‐PCNSL from other brain tumors such as high‐grade glioma.