bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation Study of the BetaStar® Plus Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics in Milk
Authors: Abouzied Mohamed , Driksna Dana , Walsh Coilin , Sarzynski Michael , Walsh Aaron , Ankrapp David , Klein Frank , Rice Jennifer , Mozola Mark 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A validation study designed to meet the requirements of the AOAC Research Institute and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA/CVM) was conducted for a receptor and antibody-based, immunochromatographic method (BetaStar® Plus) for detection of beta-lactam antibiotic residues in raw, commingled bovine milk. The assay was found to detect amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, cephapirin, cloxacillin, and penicillin G at levels below the FDA tolerance/safe levels, but above the maximum sensitivity thresholds established by the National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments (NCIMS). Results of the Part I (internal) and Part II (independent laboratory) dose-response studies employing spiked samples were in close agreement. The test was able to detect all six drugs at the approximate 90/95% sensitivity levels when presented as incurred residues in milk collected from cows that had been treated with the specific drug. Selectivity of the assay was 100%, as no false-positive results were obtained in testing of 1031 control milk samples. Results of ruggedness experiments established the operating parameter tolerances for the BetaStar Plus assay. Results of cross-reactivity testing established that the assay detects certain other beta-lactam drugs (dicloxacillin and ticarcillin), but it does not cross-react with any of 30 drugs belonging to other classes. Abnormally high bacterial or somatic cell counts in raw milk produced no interference with the ability of the test to detect beta-lactams at tolerance/safe levels.
DNA Barcode Identification of Black Cohosh Herbal Dietary Supplements
Authors: Baker David A , Stevenson Dennis Wm , LittLe Damon P 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) herbal dietary supplements are commonly consumed to treat menopausal symptoms, but there are reports of adverse events and toxicities associated with their use. Accidental misidentification and/or deliberate adulteration results in harvesting other related species that are then marketed as black cohosh. Some of these species are known to be toxic to humans. We have identified two matK nucleotides that consistently distinguish black cohosh from related species. Using these nucleotides, an assay was able to correctly identify all of the black cohosh samples in the validation set. None of the other Actaea species in the validation set were falsely identified as black cohosh. Of 36 dietary supplements sequenced, 27 (75%) had a sequence that exactly matched black cohosh. The remaining nine samples (25%) had a sequence identical to that of three Asian Actaea species (A. cimicifuga, A. dahurica, and A. simplex). Manufacturers should routinely test plant material using a reliable assay to ensure accurate labeling.
Development of Dipsticks for Simultaneous Detection of Vip3A and Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac Transgenic Proteins
Authors: Kumar Rajesh 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The number of genetically modified (GM) crops being cultivated and its produce reaching market is increasing every year. The transgenes (vip3A, cry1Ab, and cry1Ac) from Bacillus thuringiensis are being used by plant breeders, apart from other transgenes for developing insect pest-resistant GM crops. It is therefore necessary to develop an easy, rapid, and reliable detection assay to discriminate GM crops and non-GM crops. Dipstick strips using colloidal gold-labeled polyclonal antibodies were developed for simultaneous detection of Vip3A and Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac proteins. The assay was essentially based on the sandwich format of immunoassay, which was completed within 10 min, and the results were evaluated visually. The detection limits were 50 ng/mL (50 ppb) for both Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab proteins, and 100 ng/mL (100 ppb) for Vip3A protein. The developed dipsticks are suitable for on-site simultaneous screening of GM crops bearing two proteins, which, in turn, reduce cost and time of the assay.
Determination of Trigonelline, Nicotinic Acid, and Caffeine in Yunnan Arabica Coffee by Microwave-Assisted Extraction and HPLC with Two Columns in Series
Authors: Liu Hongcheng , Shao Jinliang , Li Qiwan , Li Yangang , Yan Hong Mei , He Lizhong 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A simple, rapid method was developed for simultaneous extraction of trigonelline, nicotinic acid, and caffeine from coffee, and separation by two chromatographic columns in series. The trigonelline, nicotinic acid, and caffeine were extracted with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The optimal conditions selected were 3 min, 200 psi, and 120°C. The chromatographic separation was performed with two columns in series, polyaromatic hydrocarbon C18 (250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm particle size) and Bondapak NH2 (300 × 3.9 mm id, 5 μm particle size). Isocratic elution was with 0.02 M phosphoric acid–methanol (70 + 30, v/v) mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Good recoveries and RSD values were found for all analytes in the matrix. The LOD of the three compounds was 0.02 mg/L, and the LOQ was 0.005% in the matrix. The concentrations of trigonelline, nicotinic acid, and caffeine in instant coffee, roasted coffee, and raw coffee (Yunnan Arabica coffee) were assessed by MAE and hot water extraction; the correlation coefficients between concentrations of the three compounds obtained were close to 1.
Determination of Total Nitrofuran Metabolites in Shrimp Muscle Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry in the Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mode
Authors: An Haejung , Henry Mark , Cain Teresa , Tran Bichsa , Paek Han Chol , Farley Dennis 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The method of MacMahon and Lohne for analysis of nitrofuran metabolites in shrimp was optimized to streamline the extraction processes and the LC analysis. This revised method includes 16 h of mild acid hydrolysis/derivatization followed by ethyl acetate extraction and analysis by LC/MS/MS in the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode. This revised method was validated in shrimp for concentrations of 0.25 to 2.0 ng/g. The LOQ was 0.25 ng/g for all metabolites. The LOD was 0.052 ng/g for 1-aminohydantoin (AHD), 0.206 ng/g for 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 0.108 ng/g for semicarbazide (SC), and 0.062 ng/g for 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ). The spike recoveries with RSD into negative matrix at 1 ng/g were 100.2% (3.2%) for AHD, 102.5% (1.0%) for AOZ, 103.7% (2.3%) for SC, and 104.0% (3.3%) for AMOZ. The spike recoveries at 1 ng/g into unknown samples (n = 108) containing varied levels of nitrofuran metabolites were 112.6% (25.7%) for AHD, 108.1% (12.1%) for AOZ, 103.0% (12.0%) for SC, and 100.3% (6.9%) for AMOZ. Interday precision with samples containing incurred AOZ concentrations of 0.92 to 17.8 ppb performed over a year was 10.4% RSD. The method is accurate and precise for determining nitrofuran concentrations in the edible tissue of shrimp.
Biennial Review of Planar Chromatography: 2009–2011
Authors: Sherma Joseph 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The most important advances in the planar chromatography published between November 1, 2009 and November 1, 2011 are reviewed in this paper. Included are an introduction to the current status of the field; history, student experiments, books, and reviews; theory and fundamental studies; apparatus and techniques for sample preparation and TLC separations (sample application and plate development with the mobile phase); detection and identification of separated zones (chemical and biological detection, TLC/MS, and TLC coupled with other methods); techniques and instruments for quantitative analysis; preparative layer chromatography; and thin layer radiochromatography. Selected applications are given in the various sections of the review, especially for modern HPTLC-densitometry.
Templated Crosslinked Imidazolyl Acrylate for Electronic Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives
Authors: Kong Hoyoul , Sinha Jasmine , Sun Jia , Katz Howard E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA low‐voltage operable, highly sensitive, and selectively responsive polymer for the detection of nitroaromatic explosives is investigated. Resistive devices are fabricated by simple spin‐coating on flexible and transparent substrates in addition to silicon substrates and are stable under ambient temperature and oxygen levels before exposure to the nitroaromatics. After exposure to 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), the devices show increased conductance, even with picogram (pg) quantities of TNT, accompanied by a confirming color change from colorless to deep red. The relative conductance increase per unit exposure is the highest yet reported for TNT. Aromatic anion salts, on the other hand, do not induce any electronic responses. 1H NMR and microscopic analyses show chemical interactions and morphological changes correlated with the electronic responses, some of which are specific to TNT in relation to other nitroaromatics. The binding constant for the imidazole rings and TNT is on the order of tens of M−1. The materials are promising for rapid indication of exposure to nitroaromatic compounds.
siRNA Transfection with Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Stabilized with PEGylated Chelators
Authors: Giger Elisabeth V. , Castagner Bastien , Räikkönen Johanna , Mönkkönen Jukka , Leroux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDespite the enormous therapeutic potential of siRNAs, their delivery is still problematic due to unfavorable biodistribution profiles and poor intracellular bioavailability. Calcium phosphate co‐precipitate has been used for nearly 40 years for in vitro transfection due to its non‐toxic nature and simplicity of preparation. However, rapid particle growth has largely prevented the translation of this method for in vivo purposes. It has recently been shown that bisphosphonate derivatives can physically stabilize calcium phosphate nanoparticles while still allowing for efficient cell transfection with plasmid DNA. Herein, two novel PEGylated chelating agents (PEG‐alendronate and PEG‐inositolpentakisphosphate) with enhanced stabilizing properties are introduced, and it is demonstrated that the bisphosphonate‐stabilized nanoparticles can efficiently deliver siRNA in vitro. The nanoparticles are mainly taken up by clathrin‐dependent endocytosis, and acidification of the endosomal compartment is required to release the entrapped siRNA into the cytosol. Furthermore, particle uptake enhances the inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by the bisphosphonate in macrophages.
Neovascularization in Biodegradable Inverse Opal Scaffolds with Uniform and Precisely Controlled Pore Sizes
Authors: Choi Sung‐Wook , Zhang Yu , MacEwan Matthew R. , Xia Younan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe formation of a stable vascular network in a scaffold is one of the most challenging tasks in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite the common use of porous scaffolds in these applications, little is known about the effect of pore size on the neovascularization in these scaffolds. Herein is fabricated poly(D, L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) inverse opal scaffolds with uniform pore sizes of 79, 147, 224, and 312 μm in diameter and which are then used to systematically study neovascularization in vivo. Histology analyses reveal that scaffolds with small pores (<200 μm) favor the formation of vascular networks with small vessels at high densities and poor penetration depth. By contrast, scaffolds with large pores (>200 μm) favor the formation of vascular networks with large blood vessels at low densities and deep penetration depth. Based on the different patterns of vessel ingrowth as regulated by the pore size, a model is proposed to describe vascularization in a 3D porous scaffold, which can potentially serve as a guideline for future design of porous scaffolds.
Die “Renaissance” der radikalischen Trifluormethylierung
Authors: Studer Armido 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDieser Kurzaufsatz stellt jüngste Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet radikalischer Trifluormethylierungen vor. Die Trifluormethylgruppe zählt zu den privilegierten Struktureinheiten in der Medizinalchemie. Viele Wirkstoffe und Wirkstoffkandidaten enthalten die Trifluormethylgruppe, und auch in Agrochemikalien findet sich oft eine CF3‐Einheit. Der vorliegende Kurzaufsatz befasst sich mit radikalischen Trifluormethylierungen von Alkenen und Arenen, wobei besonders auf die jüngsten Entwicklungen eingegangen wird; wichtige frühere Arbeiten werden jedoch ebenfalls diskutiert.
Overcoming the constraints of low sample sizes to produce age and growth data for rare or threatened sharks
Authors: Smart Jonathan J. , Harry Alastair V. , Tobin Andrew J. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Many sharks are listed as data deficient in assessment and management reports owing to a lack of basic life history data, making decisions about conservation management difficult. As such, the collection of these data is a priority. However, rare or threatened species with populations that are already small can be difficult to sample. Thus there is a need for techniques that permit the use of small sample sizes to provide preliminary information on life history parameters such as age and growth.
In this study, growth curves were fitted to length‐at‐age data for five rare or difficult to sample sharks from north‐eastern Australia: Carcharhinus coatesi (n = 56), Carcharhinus fitzroyensis (n = 39), Carcharhinus macloti (n = 37), Eusphyra blochii (n = 14) and Hemipristis elongata (n = 14) to provide the first estimates of growth for these species. Vertebral centra from field collections were aged to obtain length‐at‐age data, and partial age adjustments were used to increase the precision of age estimates. In addition, back calculation techniques were applied to add interpolated data to fill gaps in the growth curves caused by missing length classes.
Back calculation techniques did not substantially alter the growth curves of the species, which had an even spread of data across size classes (C. fitzroyensis, E. blochii and H. elongata). However, the back calculation techniques considerably improved the growth curves for C. coatesi and C. macloti where juveniles were missing from the samples.
Small sample sizes often provide a barrier to conducting growth studies because of the perception that growth estimates can only be obtained from ‘large’ sample sizes. However, by including individuals across all of the species length classes and maximizing the use of all available exogenous information using back calculation and partial age adjustments, as well as through judicious choice of growth models, it is possible to obtain practical estimates of growth, even when sample sizes are extremely limited. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ozone Exposure During thE Early Postnatal Period Alters the Timing and Pattern of Alveolar Growth and Development in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Avdalovic Mark V. , Tyler Nancy K. , Putney Lei , Nishio Susie J. , Quesenberry Sherri , Singh Parmjit J , Miller Lisa A. , Schelegle Edward S. , Plopper Charles G. , Vu Thiennu , Hyde Dallas M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractExposure to oxidant air pollutants in early childhood, with ozone as the key oxidant, has been linked to significant decrements in pulmonary function in young adults and exacerbation of airway remodeling in asthma. Development of lung parenchyma in rhesus monkeys is rapid during the first 2 years of life (comparable to the first 6 years in humans). Our hypothesis is that ozone inhalation during infancy alters alveolar morphogenesis. We exposed infant rhesus monkeys biweekly to 5, 8hr/day, cycles of 0.5 ppm ozone with or without house dust mite allergen from 1 to 3 or 1 to 6 months of age. Monkeys were necropsied at 3 and 6 months of age. A morphometric approach was used to quantify changes in alveolar volume and number, the distribution of alveolar size, and capillary surface density per alveolar septa. Quantitative real time PCR was used to measure the relative difference in gene expression over time. Monkeys exposed to ozone alone or ozone combined with allergen had statistically larger alveoli that were less in number at 3 months of age. Alveolar capillary surface density was also decreased in the ozone exposed groups at 3 months of age. At 6 months of age, the alveolar number was similar between treatment groups and was associated with a significant rise in alveolar number from 3 to 6 months of age in the ozone exposed groups. This increase in alveolar number was not associated with any significant increase in microvascular growth as measured by morphometry or changes in angiogenic gene expression. Inhalation of ozone during infancy alters the appearance and timing of alveolar growth and maturation. Understanding the mechanism involved with this altered alveolar growth may provide insight into the parenchymal injury and repair process that is involved with chronic lung diseases such as severe asthma and COPD. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoanode Based on Chain‐Shaped Anatase TiO2 Nanorods for High‐Efficiency Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Rui Yichuan , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Qinghong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAnatase TiO2 nanorods with large specific surface areas and high crystallinity have been synthesized by surfactant‐free hydrothermal treatment of water‐soluble peroxotitanium acid (PTA). X‐ray diffraction and TEM analysis showed that all TiO2 nanorods derived from PTA in different hydrothermal processes were in the anatase phase, and high aspect ratio TiO2 nanorods with chain‐shaped structures were formed at 150 °C for 24 h by oriented growth. The nanorods were fabricated as photoanodes for high‐efficiency dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). DSSCs fabricated from the chain‐shaped TiO2 nanorods gave a highest short‐circuit current density of 14.8 mA cm−2 and a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 7.28 %, as a result of the presence of far fewer surface defects and grain boundaries than are present in commercial P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also confirmed that DSSCs based on the TiO2 nanorods have enhanced electron transport properties and a long electron lifetime.
Antioxidant responses in Phanerochaete chrysosporium exposed to Astrazone Red FBL textile dye
Authors: Demirci Ozlem , Hamamcı Dilek Asma 
Published: August 2012

Interest in environmental‐pollutant‐induced oxidative stress and knowledge of the interactions between reactive oxygen species and cellular systems have increased in toxicology and microbial ecology considerably in recent decades. These reactive oxidants are produced by a variety of environmental sources: ionizing radiations, ultraviolet light, redox cycling drugs, hyperoxia, ischemia and redox‐active xenobiotics or during metabolism of environmental pollutants, such as heavy metals in mining industries, dyes in wastewater of textile industries, pesticides and polycyclic hydrocarbons, i.e. foreign materials.In this study, the effect of dye on the antioxidative defence system of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated, and we showed the ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to antioxidative response and defence system exposed to Astrazone Red FBL. Catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione s‐transferase activities and level of glutathione decreased, depending on the period of growth in each exposure to low and high concentration group (20 and 50 ppm) compared with the control group. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Cycloaddition with Epoxides, Catalyzed by Biomimetic Metalloporphyrins
Authors: Bai Dongsheng , Duan Shuhui , Hai Long , Jing Huanwang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSeveral biomimetic metalloporphyrin complexes (M(TPP)XY; in which TPP=meso‐porphyrin; M=MgII, AlIII, SnII, or SnIV; X=OAc, F, Cl, Br, I, OTf, or none; and Y=Cl, Br, I, OTf, or none) were prepared, characterized, and used effectively in the “green” synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. The catalytic systems of Mg(TPP)/tetrabutylammonium iodide and Al(TPP)Cl/phenyltrimethyl ammonium tribromide can initiate the cycloaddition of epoxides and CO2 at room temperature to generating cyclic carbonates in excellent yield. Chlorophyll A is shown to induce enantioselectivity of racemic propylene oxide. All reactions displayed excellent selectivity to cyclic carbonate without polycarbonate and other by‐products. Chloropropylene carbonate is shown to be obtained under CO2 bubbling conditions catalyzed by Al(TPP)Cl/phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide. The catalytic order of activity for biomimetic metalloporphyrins is AlIII>MgII>SnIV>SnII. These phenomena are explained with respect to the Lewis acidity of metal center in metalloporphyrins.
Perovskite NaCeTi2O6‐Supported Ni Catalysts for CH4 Steam Reforming
Authors: Zhang Shenghong , Muratsugu Satoshi , Ishiguro Nozomu , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Tada Mizuki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPerovskite NaCeTi2O6 (NCT)‐supported Ni catalysts were prepared and examined for the steam reforming of methane (SRM) with a low H2O/CH4 ratio (1:1), and their structures were characterized by means of powder XRD, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy high resolution TEM, temperature‐programmed desorption of CO2, temperature‐programmed reduction with H2, Ni K‐edge/Ce LIII‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure . A 4 wt % Ni/NCT catalyst exhibited higher activity than 4 wt % Ni/TiO2, Ni/(CeO2+TiO2), and Ni/Ce2O3 catalysts for SRM reactions at 973 K, and better resistance to carbon deposition was observed on 4 wt % Ni/NCT compared to 4 wt % Ni/CeO2. It is suggested that the characteristic performance of the Ni/NCT catalysts for the SRM reactions are related to the basic character and oxygen conducting behavior of NCT to control the balance of CH4 decomposition and carbon gasification with steam on the surfaces of the Ni/NCT catalysts.
High‐Performance Dipolar Organic Dyes with an Electron‐Deficient Diphenylquinoxaline Moiety in the π‐Conjugation Framework for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Li Sie‐Rong , Lee Chuan‐Pei , Kuo Hui‐Tung , Ho Kuo‐Chuan , Sun Shih‐Sheng 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report here the synthesis and electrochemical and photophysical properties of a series of easily prepared dipolar organic dyes and their application in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). For the six organic dyes, the molecular structures comprised a triphenylamine group as an electron donor, a cyanoacrylic acid as an electron acceptor, and an electron‐deficient diphenylquinoxaline moiety integrated in the π‐conjugated spacer between the electron donor and acceptor moieties. The incorporation of the electron‐deficient diphenylquinoxaline moiety effectively reduces the energy gap of the dyes and broadly extends the spectral coverage. DSSCs based on dye 6 produced the best overall cell performance of 7.35 %, which translates to approximately 79 % of the intrinsic efficiency of the DSSCs based on the standard N719 dye under identical experimental conditions. The high performance of DSSCs based on dye 6 among the six dyes explored is attributed to the combined effects of high dye loading on a TiO2 surface, rapid dye regeneration, and effective retardation of charge recombination.