bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Active U: an internet-mediated physical activity program
Authors: Buis Lorraine R , Poulton Timothy A , Holleman Robert G , Sen Ananda , Resnick Paul J , Goodrich David E , Palma-Davis LaVaughn , Richardson Caroline R 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
Engaging in regular physical activity can be challenging, particularly during the winter months. To promote physical activity at the University of Michigan during the winter months, an eight-week Internet-mediated program (Active U) was developed providing participants with an online physical activity log, goal setting, motivational emails, and optional team participation and competition.

Methods
This study is a program evaluation of Active U. Approximately 47,000 faculty, staff, and graduate students were invited to participate in the online Active U intervention in the winter of 2007. Participants were assigned a physical activity goal and were asked to record each physical activity episode into the activity log for eight weeks. Statistics for program reach, effectiveness, adoption, and implementation were calculated using the Re-Aim framework. Multilevel regression analyses were used to assess the decline in rates of data entry and goal attainment during the program, to assess the likelihood of joining a team by demographic characteristics, to test the association between various predictors and the number of weeks an individual met his or her goal, and to analyze server load.

Results
Overall, 7,483 individuals registered with the Active U website (≈16% of eligible), and 79% participated in the program by logging valid data at least once. Staff members, older participants, and those with a BMI < 25 were more likely to meet their weekly physical activity goals, and average rate of meeting goals was higher among participants who joined a competitive team compared to those who participated individually (IRR = 1.28, P < .001).

Conclusion
Internet-mediated physical activity interventions that focus on physical activity logging and goal setting while incorporating team competition may help a significant percentage of the target population maintain their physical activity during the winter months.
Road traffic noise and hypertension: results from a cross-sectional public health survey in southern Sweden
Authors: Bodin Theo , Albin Maria , Ardö Jonas , Stroh Emilie , Östergren Per-Olof , Björk Jonas 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
Results from studies of road traffic noise and hypertension are heterogeneous with respect to effect size, effects among males and females and with respect to effects across age groups. Our objective was to further explore these associations.

Methods
The study used cross-sectional public health survey data from southern Sweden, including 24,238 adults (18 - 80 years old). We used a geographic information system (GIS) to assess the average road noise (LAeq 24 hr) at the current residential address. Effects on self-reported hypertension were estimated by logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, alcohol intake, exercise, education, smoking and socioeconomic status.

Results
Modest exposure effects (OR ≈ 1.1) were generally noted in intermediate exposure categories (45 -64 dB(A)), and with no obvious trend. The effect was more pronounced at > 64 dB(A) (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04 - 2.02). Age modified the relative effect (p = 0.018). An effect was seen among middle-aged (40 - 59 years old) at noise levels 60 - 64 dB(A) (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.58)) and at > 64 dB(A) (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.19 - 3.06)). An effect was also indicated among younger adults but not among elderly. No apparent effect modification by gender, country of origin, disturbed sleep or strained economy was noted.

Conclusion
The study supports an association between road traffic noise at high average levels and self-reported hypertension in middle-aged. Future studies should use age group -specific relative effect models to account for differences in prevalence.
Comprehensive molecular etiology analysis of nonsyndromic hearing impairment from typical areas in China
Authors: Yuan Yongyi , You Yiwen , Huang Deliang , Cui Jinghong , Wang Yong , Wang Qiang , Yu Fei , Kang Dongyang , Yuan Huijun , Han Dongyi , Dai Pu 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
Every year, 30,000 babies are born with congenital hearing impairment in China. The molecular etiology of hearing impairment in the Chinese population has not been investigated thoroughly. To provide appropriate genetic testing and counseling to families, we performed a comprehensive investigation of the molecular etiology of nonsyndromic deafness in two typical areas from northern and southern China.

Methods
A total of 284 unrelated school children with hearing loss who attended special education schools in China were enrolled in this study, 134 from Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia and the remaining 150 from Nangtong City in JiangSu Province. Screening was performed for GJB2, GJB3, GJB6, SLC26A4, 12S rRNA, and tRNA

ser(UCN)genes in this population. All patients with SLC26A4 mutations or variants were subjected to high-resolution temporal bone CT scan to verify the enlarged vestibular aqueduct.

Results
Mutations in the GJB2 gene accounted for 18.31% of the patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss, 1555A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA accounted for 1.76%, and SLC26A4 mutations accounted for 13.73%. Almost 50% of the patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss in these typical Chinese areas carried GJB2 or SLC26A4 mutations. No significant differences in mutation spectrum or prevalence of GJB2 and SLC26A4 were found between the two areas.

Conclusion
In this Chinese population, 54.93% of cases with hearing loss were related to genetic factors. The GJB2 gene accounted for the etiology in about 18.31% of the patients with hearing loss, SLC26A4 accounted for about 13.73%, and mtDNA 1555A>G mutation accounted for 1.76%. Mutations in GJB3, GJB6, and mtDNA tRNA

ser(UCN)were not common in this Chinese cohort. Conventionally, screening is performed for GJB2, SLC26A4, and mitochondrial 12S rRNA in the Chinese deaf population.
Covariate balance in a Bayesian propensity score analysis of beta blocker therapy in heart failure patients
Authors: McCandless Lawrence C , Gustafson Paul , Austin Peter C , Levy Adrian R 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRegression adjustment for the propensity score is a statistical method that reduces confounding from measured variables in observational data. A Bayesian propensity score analysis extends this idea by using simultaneous estimation of the propensity scores and the treatment effect. In this article, we conduct an empirical investigation of the performance of Bayesian propensity scores in the context of an observational study of the effectiveness of beta-blocker therapy in heart failure patients. We study the balancing properties of the estimated propensity scores. Traditional Frequentist propensity scores focus attention on balancing covariates that are strongly associated with treatment. In contrast, we demonstrate that Bayesian propensity scores can be used to balance the association between covariates and the outcome. This balancing property has the effect of reducing confounding bias because it reduces the degree to which covariates are outcome risk factors.
Identification of secondary targets of N-containing bisphosphonates in mammalian cells via parallel competition analysis of the barcoded yeast deletion collection
Authors: Bivi Nicoletta , Romanello Milena , Harrison Richard , Clarke Ian , Hoyle David C , Moro Luigi , Ortolani Fulvia , Bonetti Antonella , Quadrifoglio Franco , Tell Gianluca , Delneri Daniela 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Background
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are the elected drugs for the treatment of diseases in which excessive bone resorption occurs, for example, osteoporosis and cancer-induced bone diseases. The only known target of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates is farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, which ensures prenylation of prosurvival proteins, such as Ras. However, it is likely that the action of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates involves additional unknown mechanisms. To identify novel targets of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, we used a genome-wide high-throughput screening in which 5,936 Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterozygote barcoded mutants were grown competitively in the presence of sub-lethal doses of three nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (risedronate, alendronate and ibandronate). Strains carrying deletions in genes encoding potential drug targets show a variation of the intensity of their corresponding barcodes on the hybridization array over the time.

Results
With this approach, we identified novel targets of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, such as tubulin cofactor B and ASK/DBF4 (Activator of S-phase kinase). The up-regulation of tubulin cofactor B may explain some previously unknown effects of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on microtubule dynamics and organization. As nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates induce extensive DNA damage, we also document the role of DBF4 as a key player in nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate-induced cytotoxicity, thus explaining the effects on the cell-cycle.

Conclusions
The dataset obtained from the yeast screen was validated in a mammalian system, allowing the discovery of new biological processes involved in the cellular response to nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates and opening up opportunities for development of new anticancer drugs.
The sympathetic nervous system modulates CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-β-dependent mechanism
Authors: Bhowmick Sourojit , Singh Anurag , Flavell Richard A , Clark Robert B , O’Rourke James , Cone Robert E 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe sympathetic nervous system can control the number of regulatory T cells by modulating the level of TGF-β in the periphery.CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs are essential mediators of the peripheral immune response to self-antigens. Accordingly, the homeostatic regulation of Treg activity and number would impact on the immune response to both self- and non-self antigens. Because the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) interacts chemically and physically with the central and peripheral immune system and exerts a direct influence on antigen-presenting cells and effector lymphocytes, we have investigated the effect of chemical ablation of the SNS on the number and function of peripheral Treg. Removal of murine peripheral sympathetic innervation by 6-hydroxydopamine induced an increase in splenic and lymph node CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs by a TGF-β-dependent mechanism. Further, this increase in Tregs coincides with an inhibition of the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our results demonstrate that the SNS is an important contributor to the maintenance of peripheral Treg and TGF-β acts as a bridge between the immune system and the nervous system. Neurological events mediated by the SNS, such as a stress response, may affect the number of T cells that regulate an immune response. Additionally, targeting Tregs via the SNS may be a novel approach to the prevention or treatment of autoimmune diseases.
IgE signaling suppresses FcεRIβ expression
Authors: Brenzovich Jennifer , Macey Matthew , Fernando Josephine , Chong Hey Jin , Barnstein Brian , Mirmonsef Paria , Morales Johanna K , Kimura Akiko , Cruz Tracey Dawson , Ryan John J 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The IgE receptor regulates its own expression partly by altering the levels of its b and bT subunits and this antagonistic pair determines the extent to which mast cells are activated in allergic disease.
Activation of the high-affinity receptor for IgE, FcεRI, is known to elicit its rapid down-regulation through internalization and degradation. In keeping with this, expression of all three FcεRI subunits is decreased at the protein level after cross-linkage of IgE with antigen. However, we find that the FcεRI β-subunit is also selectively suppressed at the mRNA level, through a pathway primarily involving Fyn, Syk, PI3K, and NF-κB. IgG or calcium ionophore, stimuli known to mimic portions of the IgE signaling cascade, similarly suppressed β-subunit expression. LPS, a NF-κB-activating TLR ligand, did not alter β-subunit expression. As IgE increases FcεRI expression, we examined the coordinated regulation of FcεRI subunits during culture with IgE, followed by cross-linkage with antigen. IgE increased the expression of all three FcεRI subunits and strikingly induced expression of the antagonistic βT. The ratio of β:βT protein expression decreased significantly during culture with IgE and was reset to starting levels by antigen cross-linkage. These changes in protein levels were matched by similar fluctuations in β and βT mRNAs. FcεRIβ is a key regulator of IgER expression and function, a gene in which polymorphisms correlate with allergic disease prevalence. The ability of IgE and FcεRI signaling to coordinate expression of the β and βT subunits may comprise a homeostatic feedback loop—one that could promote chronic inflammation and allergic disease if dysregulated.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) as major players of the cancer-related inflammation
Authors: Solinas G , Germano G , Mantovani A , Allavena P 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
TAM and other myeloid-derived tumor infiltrating cells are reviewed as pivotal players in the tumor microenvironment; implications to anti-cancer therapy are described.
The microenvironment of solid tumors is characterized by a reactive stroma with an abundance of inflammatory mediators and leukocytes, dysregulated vessels and proteolytic enzymes. TAM, major players in the connection between inflammation and cancer, summarize a number of functions (e.g., promotion of tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis, incessant matrix turnover, repression of adaptive immunity), which ultimately have an important impact on disease progression. Thus, together with other myeloid-related cells present at the tumor site (Tie2 macrophages and MDSCs), TAM represent an attractive target of novel biological therapies of tumors.
Development and function of IL-10 IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells
Authors: Chen Jiezhong , Liu Xiao Song 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
IL-10 IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells are suppressive T cells able to inhibit cytotoxic T lymphocyte regulated by several signal pathways and have therapeutic implication for infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases.
IL-10 IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells were first found in the early 1990s. They are suppressive T cells able to inhibit cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These cells (Foxp3–T bet+) have a similar function but are distinct from conventional Tregs. The production of IL-10 in these cells requires IL-27 and TGF-β and was regulated by several signal pathways including Notch, STAT, and NF-κB. The crosstalk among these pathways is critical for the generation and function of these cells. IL-10 IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells are activated in chronic infection and are responsible for prolonged infection. Thus, their modulation has therapeutic implications for the treatment of infectious diseases. However, it is complicated, and fine-tuning of IFN-γ and IL-10 secretion by these cells is needed for disease management, as inhibition of these cells will also lead to overimmune responses. On the other hand, increasing their numbers in autoimmune diseases may have beneficial effects.
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells attenuate hypersensitivity pneumonitis by suppressing IFN-γ production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
Authors: Park Yuna , Oh Sae Jin , Chung Doo Hyun 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
CD4+CD25+ Treg cells play a protective role in hypersensitivity pneumonitis by inhibiting IFN-γ-producing T cells.
HP results from the repeated inhalation of environmental antigens; however, the roles of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in HP are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the functions of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in SR-induced murine HP. More severe HP was observed in CD4+CD25+ Treg cell-depleted mice than in control mice in terms of histological alterations, inflammatory cell numbers in BALF, and the serum level of SR-specific IgG, which were restored by the adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. The CD4+CD25+ Treg cell-depleted mice also showed elevated levels of IFN-γ, TGF-β, and reduced IL-4 production in the lungs. Moreover, IL-10 production of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and direct contact between CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in BALF resulted in reduced IFN-γ production. Taken together, CD4+CD25+ Treg cells play a protective role in SR-induced HP by suppressing IFN-γ production by T cells.
Sous-espaces équi-isoclins de l'espace euclidien
Authors: Et-Taoui Boumediene , Fruchard Augustin 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
A systematic study of equi-isoclinic n-tuples of the Grassmann manifold G(d, N) is initiated. After basic results in the general case, the article focuses on the case d = 2. In particular the lists of all regular equi-isoclinic n-tuples of G(2, 2n) and of all equi-isoclinic quadruples of G(2, 6) are established.
Equivalences of smooth and continuous principal bundles with infinite-dimensional structure group
Authors: Müller Christoph , Wockel Christoph 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Let K be a Lie group, modeled on a locally convex space, and M a finite-dimensional paracompact manifold with corners. We show that each continuous principal K-bundle over M is continuously equivalent to a smooth one and that two smooth principal K-bundles over M which are continuously equivalent are also smoothly equivalent. In the concluding section, we relate our results to neighboring topics.
Global properties of codimension two spacelike submanifolds in Minkowski space
Authors: Izumiya Shyuichi , Nuño Ballesteros Juan José , Romero Fuster María del Carmen 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
We consider codimension two spacelike submanifolds with a parallel normal field (i.e. vanishing normal curvature) in Minkowski space. We use the analysis of their contacts with hyperplanes and hyperquadrics in order to get some global information on them. As a consequence we obtain new versions of Carathéodory's and Loewner's conjectures on spacelike surfaces in 4-dimensional Minkowski space and 4-flattenings theorems for closed spacelike curves in 3-dimensional Minkowski space.
Positivity in power series rings
Authors: Cimprič Jaka , Kuhlmann Salma , Marshall Murray 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
We extend and generalize results of Scheiderer (2006) on the representation of polynomials nonnegative on two-dimensional basic closed semialgebraic sets. Our extension covers some situations where the defining polynomials do not satisfy the transversality condition. Such situations arise naturally when one considers semialgebraic sets invariant under finite group actions.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Wall-Window Interface Details to Manage Rainwater—Selected Results from Window Installation to a Wall Sheathed in Extruded Polystyrene
Authors: Lacasse M. A. , Armstrong M. , Ganapathy G. , Rousseau M. , Cornick S. M. , Bibee D. , Shuler D. , Hoffee A. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The detailing of wall-window interfaces and the consequences of defective installation of windows are an on-going concern in North America. This paper concerns laboratory evaluation of the water leakage performance of a select set of window-wall interface details. The details were for windows with mounting flanges installed in wood-frame walls sheathed with rigid extruded polystyrene foam. The tests were performed on a single full-scale test assembly in which two identical windows were installed by two similar but nonetheless different means. Each detail included a sill pan intended to collect water that gained entry into the assembly and thus was designed to be robust (tolerant of flaws). Tests were performed over a series of different water loading (spray) rates and over a series of different air pressure differentials at each spray rate. Air leakage rates through the window opening were monitored; they were controlled by a unique methodology. Leakage paths were introduced in the window frames, and these paths were alternatively blocked or opened to permit evaluation of the performance of the installation details under two different assumed conditions of window leakage. Air pressure distribution within the assemblies was monitored during spray testing. The wall assembly was designed to permit observation of water entry in it and to allow measurement of water entry to, or drainage from, various locations within the assembly. Results on water entry and management for the two wall-window interface configurations are given, and effectiveness of the details is discussed.
Determination of Burn Criterion for Promoted Combustion Testing
Authors: Sparks Kyle M. , Stoltzfus Joel M. , Steinberg Theodore A. , Lynn David 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Promoted ignition testing [1–3] is used to determine the relative flammability of metal rods in oxygen-enriched atmospheres. In these tests, a promoter is used to ignite each metal rod to start the sample burning. Experiments were performed to better understand the promoted ignition test by obtaining insight into the effect a burning promoter has on the preheating of a test sample. Test samples of several metallic materials were prepared and coupled to fast-responding thermocouples along their length. Various ignition promoters were used to ignite the test samples. The thermocouple measurements and test video were synchronized to determine temperature increase with respect to time and length along each test sample. A recommended length of test sample that must be consumed to be considered a flammable material was determined based on the preheated zone measured from these tests. This length was determined to be 30 mm (1.18 in.). Validation of this length and its rationale are presented.
The Betrayal of Srebrenica: The Ten-Year Commemoration
Authors: DiCaprio Lisa 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The Srebrenica massacre occurred in July 1995 during the last year of the war in Bosnia (1992–1995). It was the single worst atrocity during the war and in Europe since World War II. The Betrayal of Srebrenica: The Ten-Year Commemoration, with photographs by New York City human rights photographer Paula Allen, focuses on the July 11, 2005 commemoration of Srebrenica, which was attended by over 30,000 survivors and their supporters. The exhibit comprises photographs of Sarajevo, Srebrenica, the survivors, the activities of the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP), and key aspects of the commemoration. The text panels accompanying the photographs feature quotes by survivors, journalists, United Nations officials, Bosnian Serb political officials and military commanders, and International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) judges. The article discusses how the author conceptualized and organized this exhibit as a public history project.