bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water mass influence on spatial and seasonal distributions of diatoms, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores in the western Barents Sea
Authors: Luan Qingshan , Mitchell Elaine , Henley Sian F. , Orkney Andrew C. M. , Bouman Heather A. , Braun Judith S. , Poulton Alex J. , Davidson Keith 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArctic phytoplankton are highly sensitive to seawater physical and chemical conditions, especially in the context of rapid climate change and sea ice loss. We studied the spatial and seasonal distributions of diatoms, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores, and clarified their associations with light, temperature and nutrients in the western Barents Sea in late summer 2017, and winter, spring and early summer 2018. Diatoms, composed mainly of Chaetoceros, Fragilariopsis and Thalassiosira, bloomed in spring at the southern border of the marginal ice zone with mean abundance of 1.1 × 106 cells L−1 and biomass of 119.5 µg C L−1, and were observed to follow the retreat of sea ice in the Arctic water to the north at the shelf break near Nansen Basin, contributing to the progression of the summer situation. Dinoflagellates flourished in surface waters south of Svalbard in summer, with maxima of 2.2 × 105 cells L−1 and 78.2 µg C L−1. High abundances and calcite mass of coccolithophores were detected in the southern Barents Sea and southwest of Svalbard in summer, with maxima of 3.3 × 105 cells L−1 and 4.7 µg C L−1. Two distinct phytoplankton assemblages, closely linked with Atlantic water and Arctic water, were geographically separated by the Polar Front in two summers, with a percent similarity below 11.9%, suggesting great influence of the two water masses on large-scale distributions of phytoplankton. Redundancy analysis revealed that temperature was one of the most important factors in shaping the seasonal distributions of diatoms, while irradiance showed positive correlation with dominant dinoflagellates of each season. From the perspectives of phytoplankton composition and carbon biomass, our findings highlight the governing effect of physical seawater conditions on driving seasonal patterns of phytoplankton biogeography, as well as the pivotal role of nutrients in supporting the phytoplankton growing seasons in the western Barents Sea.
Mysis segerstralei, an unexpected but important prey for resident Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in a Svalbard lake
Authors: Svenning Martin-A. , Skogstad Ole Christian , Skogstad Øyvind , Borgstrøm Reidar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMysis segerstralei is distributed over a wide geographic area and in habitats with a variety of salinity conditions, including marine and brackish waters around Svalbard. The species has seldom been found in freshwater lakes, and the discovery of M. segerstralei in Lake Pulmankijärvi at the border between Northeastern Norway and Finland, may represent the single known freshwater occurrences in western Europe. Svalbard lake systems are characterized by very low water temperatures, long-term ice cover, and low levels of nutrients. Food is thus limited, and chironomids generally dominate the stomach contents in Arctic charr, the only freshwater fish species on Svalbard. Based on several surveys in more than 30 of Svalbard lakes over many decades, M. segerstralei has only been found as food for Arctic charr in Lake Vårfluesjøen. In a later fishery survey, we studied the diet of Arctic charr in this lake. The stomach contents from Arctic charr sampled in the profundal habitats were dominated by M. segerstralei, but the species was also among the most frequent prey items in the littoral and pelagic habitats. This unexpected occurrence of M. segerstralei demonstrates the high importance of mysids even in a low-productive, High Arctic lake.
Illumination matters part I: comparative analysis of light sources and illumination in flexible ureteroscopy-fundamental findings from a PEARLS analysis
Authors: Kwok Jia-Lun , De Coninck Vincent , Corrales Mariela , Sierra Alba , Panthier Frédéric , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Gauhar Vineet , Schmid Florian Alexander , Hunziker Manuela , Poyet Cédric , Eberli Daniel , Traxer Olivier , Keller Etienne Xavier 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Illumination characteristics of flexible ureteroscopes have been evaluated in air, but not in saline, the native operative medium for endourology. The aim was to evaluate light properties of contemporary ureteroscopes in air versus saline, light distribution analysis, and color temperature.

Methods
We evaluated the Storz Flex-Xc and Flex-X2s, Olympus V3 and P7, Pusen 7.5F and 9.2F, and OTU WiScope using a 3D printed black target board in-vitro model submerged in saline. A spectrometer was used for lux and color temperature measurements at different opening locations.

Results
Illuminance was higher in saline compared to air (5679 vs. 5205 lx with Flex-Xc, p = 0.02). Illuminance in saline differed between ureteroscopes (ANOVA p < 0.001), with highest for the Flex-Xc at 100% brightness setting (5679 lx), followed by Pusen 9.2F (5280 lx), Flex-X2s (4613 lx), P7 (4371 lx), V3 (2374 lx), WiScope (582 lx) and finally Pusen 7.5F (255 lx). The same ranking was found at 50% brightness setting, with the highest ureteroscope illuminance value 34 times that of the scope with lowest illuminance.
Most scopes had maximum illuminance off center, with skewness. Three scopes had two light sources, with one light source for all other scopes. Inter-scope comparisons revealed significant differences of color temperature (ANOVA p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The study demonstrates the presence of inhomogeneous light spread as well as large differences in illumination properties of ureteroscopes, possibly impacting on the performance of individual scopes in vivo. Additionally, the study suggests that future studies on illumination characteristics of flexible ureteroscopes should ideally be done in saline, and no longer in air.
Cecum to pelvis technique: a simple and autologous solution to prevent postoperative complications in pelvic surgery
Authors: Guadalajara Hector , Toups Stacye Michelle , León-Arellano Miguel , Vizarreta Anthony , García-Olmo Damián 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Empty Pelvis Syndrome, subsequent to the removal of pelvic organs, results in the descent of the small bowel into an inflamed pelvic cavity, leading to the formation of adhesions and subsequent small bowel obstruction. However, no effective measures have been previously described.

Objective
Describe a simple and autologous solution to prevent “Empty Pelvis Syndrome,” small bowel obstruction, and adhesions by utilizing the cecum to occlude the pelvis.

Design
Mobilization of the right colon to lower the cecum into the pelvic cavity to occlude the superior pelvic ring to some degree and changing the direction of the terminal ileum.

Settings
Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Service.

Patients
Eight anonymized patients were included in this study, each with varying colorectal pathologies. Patients were above 18 years old.

Main outcome measures
Percent of blockage of the superior pelvic ring produced by the descended cecum recorded in percentage; the amount of small intestine descended past the superior pelvic ring recorded in cm.

Results
The mobilization of the cecum achieved partial occlusion of the superior pelvic ring. The descent of the small bowel beyond this landmark ranged from 0 to 4.9 cm.

Limitations
Given the small number of patients included in this study, these results cannot be generalized to the whole of the population. A bladder emptying protocol prior to CT scans was not implemented, resulting in variations in measurements among patients.

Conclusion
The cecum-to-pelvis technique is a simple method that can serve as an autologous solution to EPS (enteropelvic fistula) and help reduce postoperative complications such as SBO (small bowel obstruction) and adhesions. It is not essential to completely occlude the superior pelvic ring to achieve successful outcomes.
Leveraging intent–entity relationships to enhance semantic accuracy in NLU models
Authors: Albornoz-De Luise Romina Soledad , Arevalillo-Herráez Miguel , Wu Yuyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNatural Language Understanding (NLU) components are used in Dialog Systems (DS) to perform intent detection and entity extraction. In this work, we introduce a technique that exploits the inherent relationships between intents and entities to enhance the performance of NLU systems. The proposed method involves the utilization of a carefully crafted set of rules that formally express these relationships. By utilizing these rules, we effectively address inconsistencies within the NLU output, leading to improved accuracy and reliability. We implemented the proposed method using the Rasa framework as an NLU component and used our own conversational dataset AWPS to evaluate the improvement. Then, we validated the results in other three commonly used datasets: ATIS, SNIPS, and NLU-Benchmark. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a positive impact on the semantic accuracy metric, reaching an improvement of 12.6% in AWPS when training with a small amount of data. Furthermore, the practical application of the proposed method can easily be extended to other Task-Oriented Dialog Systems (T-ODS) to boost their performance and enhance user satisfaction.
The Ki67 dilemma: investigating prognostic
cut-offs and reproducibility for automated Ki67 scoring in breast cancer
Authors: Rewcastle Emma , Skaland Ivar , Gudlaugsson Einar , Fykse Silja Kavlie , Baak Jan P. A. , Janssen Emiel A. M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Quantification of Ki67 in breast cancer is a well-established prognostic
and predictive marker, but inter-laboratory variability has hampered its clinical
usefulness. This study compares the prognostic value and reproducibility of Ki67
scoring using four automated, digital image analysis (DIA) methods and two manual
methods.

Methods
The study cohort consisted of 367 patients diagnosed between 1990 and
2004, with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative, lymph node negative breast
cancer. Manual scoring of Ki67 was performed using predefined criteria. DIA Ki67
scoring was performed using QuPath and Visiopharm® platforms. Reproducibility was
assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). ROC curve survival analysis
identified optimal cutoff values in addition to recommendations by the International
Ki67 Working Group and Norwegian Guidelines. Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank test and
Cox regression analysis assessed the association between Ki67 scoring and distant
metastasis (DM) free survival.

Results
The manual hotspot and global scoring methods showed good agreement when
compared to their counterpart DIA methods (ICC > 0.780), and good to excellent
agreement between different DIA hotspot scoring platforms (ICC 0.781–0.906).
Different Ki67 cutoffs demonstrate significant DM-free survival (p < 0.05). DIA
scoring had greater prognostic value for DM-free survival using a 14% cutoff (HR
3.054–4.077) than manual scoring (HR 2.012–2.056). The use of a single cutoff for all
scoring methods affected the distribution of prediction outcomes (e.g. false
positives and negatives).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that DIA scoring of Ki67 is superior to manual
methods, but further study is required to standardize automated, DIA scoring and
definition of a clinical cut-off.
Understanding the Phase of Responsivity and Noise Sources in Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout of Transition Edge Sensor Bolometers
Authors: Farias Nicole , Adkins Tylor , de Haan Tijmen , Lee Adrian T. , Lonappan Anto , Russell Megan , Suzuki Aritoki , Siritanasak Praween , Takatori Sayuri , Westbrook Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments have deployed focal planes with $$\mathcal {O}(10^{4})$$

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transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers cooled to sub-Kelvin temperatures by multiplexing the readout of many TES channels onto a single pair of wires. Digital Frequency-domain Multiplexing (DfMux) is a multiplexing technique used in many CMB polarization experiments, such as the Simons Array, SPT-3 G, and EBEX. The DfMux system studied here uses LC filters with resonant frequencies ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 MHz connected to an array of TESs. Each detector has an amplitude-modulated carrier tone at the resonant frequency of its accompanying LC resonator. The signal is recovered via quadrature demodulation where the in-phase (I) component of the demodulated current is in phase with the complex admittance of the circuit and the quadrature (Q) component is orthogonal to I. Observed excess current noise in the Q component is consistent with fluctuations in the resonant frequency. This noise has been shown to be non-orthogonal to the phase of the detector’s responsivity. We present a detailed analysis of the phase of responsivity of the TES and noise sources in our DfMux readout system. Further, we investigate how modifications to the TES operating resistance and bias frequency can affect the phase of noise relative to the phase of the detector responsivity, using data from Simons Array to evaluate our predictions. We find that both the phase of responsivity and phase of noise are functions of the two tuning parameters, which can be purposefully selected to maximize signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio.
On the influence of graphene oxide and hydroxyapatite modification on alginate-based hydrogel matrix: thermal, physicochemical, and biological considerations
Authors: Lach Aleksandra , Skoczeń Monika , Ordon Klaudia , Domalik-Pyzik Patrycja , Noga Sylwia , Sekuła-Stryjewska Małgorzata , Karnas Elżbieta , Byrska Aleksandra , Jagiełło Joanna , Lipińska Ludwika , Zuba-Surma Ewa , Pielichowska Kinga 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSodium alginate (SA) hydrogels with an addition of graphene oxide (GO) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) crosslinked by calcium chloride solution were investigated as potential materials for osteochondral tissue regeneration. The influence of various ratios of the nanoadditives in the natural derived polymer matrix on the thermal, physiochemical and biological properties was studied. Two thermal characterization methods (DSC and TGA) were employed to examine the thermal properties of the materials and provide information regarding the different types of water within the hydrogel structure. These parameters are crucial for the assessing and understanding of the adsorption/desorption processes in hydrogels and also impact their biocompatibility. The effect of GO and HAp addition on thermal characteristics of alginate hydrogel is reported, as well as the nanoadditives polymer chains interaction, as evidenced by FTIR results. The compression test confirmed that the nanoadditives, uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix, improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels, but only up to a certain content of additives. The composite hydrogels exhibited a very low friction coefficient. Both GO and HAp also enhanced chemical stability of alginate hydrogels under in vitro conditions. Biological assays demonstrated that most of the tested hydrogel extracts were not cytotoxic to hUC-MSCs, but they can affect the proliferation rate of the cells. Developed materials may present an intriguing alternative for osteochondral tissue regeneration.
Tool-Augmented Human Creativity
Authors: Hole Kjell Jørgen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCreativity is the hallmark of human intelligence. Roli et al. (Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9:806283, 2022) state that algorithms cannot achieve human creativity. This paper analyzes cooperation between humans and intelligent algorithmic tools to compensate for algorithms’ limited creativity. The intelligent tools have functionality from the neocortex, the brain’s center for learning, reasoning, planning, and language. The analysis provides four key insights about human-tool cooperation to solve challenging problems. First, no neocortex-based tool without feelings can achieve human creativity. Second, an interactive tool exploring users’ feeling-guided creativity enhances the ability to solve complex problems. Third, user-led abductive reasoning incorporating human creativity is essential to human-tool cooperative problem-solving. Fourth, although stakeholders must take moral responsibility for the adverse impact of tool answers, it is still essential to teach tools moral values to generate trustworthy answers. The analysis concludes that the scientific community should create neocortex-based tools to augment human creativity and enhance problem-solving rather than creating autonomous algorithmic entities with independent but less creative problem-solving.
“Zero interaction”, ignoring and acts of omission in the school ecology: Peer ostracism from the perspective of involved adolescents
Authors: Konieczna Agnieszka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on one type of excluding and isolating behaviour, the essence of which is the breakup of social interactions with a group member, which falls within the commonly accepted definition of ostracism. Based on interviews with 29 adolescents aged 12–18 (including 15 girls and 14 boys, all of whom were students in public schools without migrant backgrounds), an analysis of the content and typology of peer ostracism in school classrooms was conducted, emphasizing the perspective of those directly involved in the ostracism, i.e., the perpetrators. Three main dimensions and behavioural aspects related to ostracism emerged from the data: “Avoidance (Zero Interaction)”, “Expulsion from Group” and “Complete Ostracism”. The results indicate that the identified forms of ostracism rarely occur in a pure form, and are most often carried out in combination with non-verbal acts of overt exclusion. Furthermore, peer ostracism in group-class communities, which is consensual and chronic in nature, may reflect a distinct variant that qualifies for independent study. The paper also discusses directions for future research and actions to improve the social classroom environment.
Firm interrelationships: the role of firm size
Authors: O’Leary Daragh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper put’s forward a working conceptualisation for how the size of firms which die influences firm interrelationships where firm deaths influence future firm births. Two conceptual arguments are developed to explain the role of firm size in influencing future firm births; the resource argument and the consumer demand argument. This relationship is also empirically tested using a multilevel model to examine the relationship between the death of differently-sized firms and future firm births in European NUTS 3 regions. Findings suggest that only the deaths of larger firms appears to increase future firm births. The resource-based argument is used to explain this finding whereas the consumer demand-based argument is used to explain why the death of smaller firms seems to reduce future firm births. The dataset used in this paper’s estimation captures a large amount of activity across 14 countries and 502 NUTS 3 regions from 2008 to 2019.
Pan-cancer analysis combined with experiments predicts NNMT as a therapeutic target for human cancers
Authors: Huang Hua , Su Lianchun , Zhang Ruihao , Wu Di , Ding Chen , Chen Chen , Zhu Guangsheng , Cao Peijun , Li Xuanguang , Li Yongwen , Liu Hongyu , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe identification of effective therapeutic targets plays a pivotal role in advancing cancer treatment outcomes. We employed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis, complemented by experimental validation, to explore the potential of Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) as a promising therapeutic strategy for human cancers. By analyzing large-scale transcriptomic datasets across various cancer types, we consistently observed upregulated expression of NNMT. Furthermore, elevated NNMT expression correlated with inferior overall survival in multiple cancer cohorts, underscoring its significance as a prognostic biomarker. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between NNMT expression and the tumor immune microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses. To confirm the malignant functions of NNMT in tumor cells, we conducted a series of cell-based experiments, revealing that NNMT promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasion, indicative of its oncogenic properties. The integration of computational analysis and experimental validation in our study firmly establishes NNMT as a potential therapeutic target for human cancers. Specifically, targeting NNMT holds promise for the development of innovative and effective cancer treatments. Further investigations into NNMT's role in cancer pathogenesis could potentially pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in cancer treatment.
Description and management of patients with anal fissure: insights on Italian primary care setting coming from real-world data
Authors: Gallo Gaetano , Pegoraro Valeria , Trompetto Mario 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo describe patients with anal fissure (AF) and their management in primary care. Retrospective study using the Italian Longitudinal Patient Database on 18 + years old subjects with AF records during ‘July 2016–June 2021’ (selection period). Index Date (ID) was the first AF record during selection period. Sub-cohorts were defined by presence/absence of prescriptions on ID of the combination of topical nifedipine 0.3% and lidocaine 1.5% (NIF/LID). Patients’ information on the 12-month period before (baseline) and after (follow-up) ID was analyzed. Subjects with AF were 8632: 14.0% had NIF/LID on ID. Mean age was 52 (± 17.2) years, there were more women in ‘ < 50 years’ group, and more men in ‘50–70’ one. Prevalences of pregnancy and immunodepression were around 5%; most common comorbidities were hypertension (29.6%) and heart disease (13.1%), while constipation and diarrhea were < 5%. Healthcare resources utilization (HRUs) increased during follow-up, but still few patients were prescribed NIF/LID (2.8%), other treatments for AF (10.3%), or proctological visits (7.7%). NIF/LID patients were younger (< 40 years people: 30.7% versus 23.9%; p value < 0.0001), and more likely to have constipation (4.3% versus 2.5%; p value < 0.001); patients without NIF/LID showed slightly higher prevalences of hypertension (30.0% versus 27.1%; p value: 0.039) and depression (4.0% versus**2.5%; p value: 0.009), and a little higher overall HRUs. Results show that general practitioners are used to manage AF. However, there is still a gap between guidelines’ recommendations and actual management. Educational campaigns on common anal problems in primary care might help further improving AF management and optimizing HRUs.