bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dangerous and expensive screening and treatment for rare childhood diseases: The case of krabbe disease
Authors: Lantos John D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPublic policy surrounding newborn screening is in flux. New technology allows more screening for more diseases at lower cost. Traditional criteria for target diseases have been criticized by leading health policymakers. The example of newborn screening for Krabbe disease highlights many of the dilemmas associated with population‐based screening programs. Krabbe is difficult to diagnose, variable in its natural history, and does not always respond to treatment. The only available treatment is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is expensive, risky, and of uncertain efficacy. This article analyzes the debate about Krabbe as an example of the sorts of debates that will likely arise for many more diseases over the next decade. I conclude that pilot programs in pioneer states should be carefully evaluated before testing for Krabbe is universalized. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:15–18.
Health policy and the community safety net for individuals with intellectual disability
Authors: Pollack Harold A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article explores social policy developments in the arena of intellectual and developmental disabilities. It begins by summarizing the challenges facing persons with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers in 1945. Families depended on a patchwork of over‐crowded and under‐funded large state institutions. Children with intellectual disabilities were marginalized from education and public services. Shame and stigma, along with the lack of community‐based services, led many parents to institutionalize a child. The federal government provided almost no specific assistance for disabled individuals or to their families. Postwar America provided fertile ground for parents to act collectively through the emergence of the National Association of Retarded Children (NARC). Partly as a consequence of such organizing, the 1950s marked a surprising turning‐point, in which the federal government expanded income support to disabled persons through measures such as Social Security's “Disabled Adult Child” program and, by the early 1970s, the advent of Supplemental Security Income (SSI). It also reviews the growth of Medicaid as the dominant payer of medical and social services at the boundaries between personal medical services, case management, education, and other social services. The article ends by summarizing current challenges in intellectual disability policy. It notes that the size, complexity, and expense of I/DD services poses inherent challenges, particularly to state and local governments in the current recession. Adjusting for inflation, 23 states actually reduced real spending on I/DD services between 2008 and 2009. Controlling for local conditions, politically conservative states enacted deeper cuts and spent a smaller fraction of state income on intellectual disability services than other states. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2011; 17:44–51.
Clenbuterol – regional food contamination a possible source for inadvertent doping in sports
Authors: Guddat S. , Fußhöller G. , Geyer H. , Thomas A. , Braun H. , Haenelt N. , Schwenke A. , Klose C. , Thevis M. , Schänzer W. 
Published: March 2012

The misuse of the sympathomimetic and anabolic agent clenbuterol has been frequently reported in professional sport and in the livestock industry. In 2010, a team of athletes returned from competition in China and regular doping control samples were taken within the next two days. All urine samples contained low amounts (pg/ml) of clenbuterol, drawing the attention to a well‐known problem: the possibility of an unintended clenbuterol intake with food. A warning that Chinese meat is possibly contaminated with prohibited substances according to international anti‐doping regulations was also given by Chinese officials just before the Bejing Olympic Games in 2008.To investigate if clenbuterol can be found in human urine, a study was initiated comprising 28 volunteers collecting urine samples after their return from China. For the quantification of clenbuterol at a low pg/ml level, a very sensitive and specific isotope dilution liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) assay was developed using liquid/liquid re‐extraction for clean‐up with a limit of detection and quantification of 1 and 3 pg/ml, respectively. The method was validated demonstrating good precision (intra‐day: 2.9–5.5 %; inter‐day: 5.1–8.8%), accuracy (89.5–102.5%) and mean recovery (81.4%). Clenbuterol was detectable in 22 (79%) of the analyzed samples, indicating a general food contamination problem despite an official clenbuterol prohibition in China for livestock. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative detection of inhaled formoterol in human urine and relevance to doping control analysis
Authors: Deventer K. , Pozo O. J. , Delbeke F. T. , Van Eenoo P. 
Published: March 2012

Formoterol is a frequently prescribed β2‐agonist used for the treatment of asthma. Due to performance‐enhancing effects of some β2‐agonists, formoterol appears on the prohibited list, published by the World Anti‐doping Agency (WADA). Its therapeutic use is allowed but restricted to inhalation. Since the data on urinary concentrations originating from therapeutic use is limited, no discrimination can be made between use and misuse when a routine sample is found to contain formoterol. Therefore the urinary excretion of six volunteers after inhalation of 18 µg of formoterol was investigated.A liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of formoterol in urine samples. Sample preparation consists of an enzymatic hydrolysis of the urine samples, followed by a liquid‐liquid extraction at pH 9.5 with diethyl ether/isopropanol (5/1, v/v). Analysis was performed using selected reaction monitoring after electrospray ionization. The method was linear in the range of 0.5–50 ng/ml. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.5 ng/ml. The bias ranged between ‐1.0 and ‐6.8 %. Results for the urinary excretion show that formoterol could be detected for 72 h. The maximum urinary concentration detected was 8.5 ng/ml without and 11.4 ng/ml after enzymatic hydrolysis. Cumulative data showed that maximum 11.5% and 23% of the administered dose is excreted as parent drug within the first 12 h, respectively, non‐conjugated and conjugated.Analysis of 82 routine doping samples, declared positive for formoterol during routine analysis, did not exhibit concentrations which could be attributed to misuse. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public Governance, Human Capital and Environmental Outcomes: an Analysis Based on Self‐Organizing Maps
Authors: Carlei Vittorio , Marra Alessandro , Pozzi Cesare 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper intends to map on a large‐n basis the existing links between public governance and human capital to find out the most significant rules from an environmental perspective. Following an introduction, the second section describes the theoretical background at the intersection between political science, economics and public administration. The next section proposes a definition of public governance and emphasizes the need for a multivariate analysis. The fourth section attempts to link public governance, human capital and environmental outcomes in a more comprehensive and systemic manner making use of self‐organizing maps. The fifth section discusses main results and puts emphasis on those rules between governance and human capital that are more associated with environmental outcomes: supervision and human capital, coordination versus human capital and supervision versus coordination. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Macrocyclic [M2L(μ‐L′)]+ Complexes (M = NiII, ZnII; L′ = Cl– or RCO2–) Incorporating Thiophenolate and Phenylsulfonate Donor Units: Preparation, Reactivity, Structure, and Stability
Authors: Käss Steffen , Kersting Berthold 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe effect of de‐tert‐butylation on the coordinating properties of the 24‐membered hexaazadithiophenolate macrocycle 13,27‐bis(tert‐butyl)‐3,6,9,17,20,23‐hexaazatricyclo[23.3.1.11.15]triaconta‐1(28),11,13,15(30),25,26‐hexaene‐29,30‐dithiol (H2L1) has been examined. For this purpose, a series of mixed‐ligand NiII and ZnII complexes of the de‐tert‐butylated hexaaminedithiophenolate macrocycle H2L2were prepared and characterized, namely, [NiII2L2(Cl)]+(1b), [ZnII2L2(OAc)]+ (2b), [NiII2L2(O2CCH=CHPh)]+ (3b), [ZnII2L2(O2CCH=CHPh)]+ (4b), [NiII2L2(O2CC14H17)]+ (5b), [ZnII2L2(O2CC14H17)]+ (6b, in which C14H17CO2– =3,4‐dimethyl‐6‐phenylcyclohex‐3‐enecarboxylate), [NiII2L2(O2CC6H4‐3‐OMe)]+ (7b), and [ZnII2L2(O2CC6H4‐3‐OMe)]+ (8b). The synthesis and characterization data for complexes [NiII2L4(O2CC6H4‐3‐OMe)]+ (7d) and [ZnII2L4(O2CC6H4‐3‐OMe)]+ (8d), in which H2L4 represents the S‐oxygenated (bis‐sulfonate) derivative of H2L2 are also reported. The de‐tert‐butylated macrocycles H2L2 (and H2L4) behave essentially in the same fashion as H2L1 (and H2L3) producing dinuclear mixed‐ligand [M2L(μ‐L′)]+ complexes with analogous bioctahedral core structures in similar good yields and reaction times. The spectroscopic features of the [M2L2(μ‐L′)]+ and [M2L4(μ‐L′)]+ complexes resemble those of theanalogous complexes supported by the tert‐butylated derivatives H2L1 and H2L3. One major difference between the [M2L1,3(μ‐L′)]+ and [M2L2,4(μ‐L′)]+ complexes concerns the depth of the binding pocket of the compounds, which is significantly reduced upon removing the tert‐butyl substituents. Another significant difference associated with removal of the tert‐butyl substituent concerns the less pronounced differences of the relative stability constants for the carboxylato‐bridged [M2L2(μ‐O2CR)]+ complexes {as compared to the [M2L1(μ‐O2CR)]+ complexes}. These stability differences can be qualitatively explained in terms of less pronounced intramolecular CH···π and/or van der Waals interactions in the de‐tert‐butylated complex systems.
Facile Diastereoselective Entry to 4β‐Acylamidation of Neu5Ac2en Glycals Using Their N‐Perfluoroacylated Congeners as Key Tools
Authors: Rota Paola , Agnolin Irene S. , Allevi Pietro , Anastasia Mario 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the 4β‐acylamidation of the N‐acylated glycals of Neu5Ac by using the corresponding N‐perfluoroacylated congeners as key tools has been developed and applied to the synthesis of glycals combining the features of the molecules with antiviral properties.
Fuel and chemical products from biomass syngas: A comparison of gas fermentation to thermochemical conversion routes
Authors: Griffin Derek W. , Schultz Michael A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIncreasing demand for renewable feedstock‐based biofuels is driving the interest and rapid development of processes to produce fuels and chemicals from biomass‐generated syngas. Biomass is gasified to produce syngas that can be converted via thermochemical routes to fuels and chemicals such as alcohols, olefins, and fuel grade hydrocarbons. An alternate route to produce liquid products from syngas is through gas fermentation, a hybrid thermochemical/ biochemical process. Biomass gasification, thermochemical syngas conversion routes, and gas fermentation are described including a comparison for converting biomass to ethanol via thecurrent thermochemical route versus gas fermentation. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Molecular genetic analysis of the hepatocyte growth factor/MET signaling pathway in pediatric medulloblastoma
Authors: Onvani Sara , Terakawa Yuzo , Smith Christian , Northcott Paul , Taylor Michael , Rutka James 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MET pathway plays a critical role in the development of the nervous system and has been implicated in medulloblastoma pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown a role for gene amplification of activators of this pathway, as well as silencing of its inhibitors in medulloblastoma pathogenesis. We analyzed exon array data from a cohort of 103 primary medulloblastomas to show that HGF/MET pathway elements are dysregulated in tumors compared to normal cerebellum. To determine if mutation of HGF/MET pathway genes is a mechanism for pathway dysregulation, we conducted a mutational analysis by exon resequencing of three key components of this pathway, including serine protease inhibitor Kunitz‐type 1 (SPINT1), serine protease inhibitor Kunitz‐type 2 (SPINT2), and MET, in 32 primary human medulloblastoma specimens. From this analysis, we identified multiple coding synonymous and nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes among the 32 tumor samples. Interestingly, we also discovered two unreported sequence variants in SPINT1 and SPINT2 in two tumors that resulted in Arginine to Histidine amino acid substitutions at codons 418 and 233, respectively. However, conservation assessment and functional assays of these two variants indicate that they involve nonconserved residues and that they do not affect the function of SPINT1 and SPINT2 as tumor suppressor genes. In conclusion, our data suggest that mutation alone plays a minor role in causing aberrancies of the HGF/MET pathway in medulloblastoma in comparison with other malignancies such as breast, hepatocellular, renal, and lung carcinomas. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brain activity during sympathetic response in anticipation and experience of pain
Authors: Seifert Frank , Schuberth Nadine , De Col Roberto , Peltz Elena , Nickel Florian T. , Maihöfner Christian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPain is a multidimensional phenomenon with sensory, affective, and autonomic components. Here, we used parametric functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to correlate regional brain activity with autonomic responses to (i) painful stimuli and to (ii) anticipation of pain. The autonomic parameters used for correlation were (i) skin blood flow (SBF) and (ii) skin conductance response (SCR). During (i) experience of pain and (ii) anticipation of pain, activity in the insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), thalamus, and midbrain correlated with sympathetic outflow. A conjunction analysis revealed a common central sympathetic network for (i) pain experience and (ii) pain anticipation with similar correlations between brain activity and sympathetic parameters in the anterior insula, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, midbrain, and temporoparietal junction. Therefore, we here describe shared central neural networks involved in the central autonomic processing of the experience and anticipation of pain. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR COST‐EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSES THAT USE OBSERVATIONAL DATA: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL TOOL AND REVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICE
Authors: Kreif Noémi , Grieve Richard , Sadique M. Zia 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYMany cost‐effectiveness analyses (CEAs) use data from observational studies. Statistical methods can only address selection bias if they make plausible assumptions. No quality assessment tool is available for appraising CEAs that use observational studies. We developed a new checklist to assess statistical methods for addressing selection bias in CEAs that use observational data.The checklist criteria were informed by a conceptual review and applied in a systematic review of economic evaluations. Criteria included whether the study assessed the ‘no unobserved confounding’ assumption, overlap of baseline covariates between the treatment groups and the specification of the regression models. The checklist also considered structural uncertainty from the choice of statistical approach.We found 81 studies that met the inclusion criteria: studies tended to use regression (51%), matching on individual covariates (25%) or matching on the propensity score (22%). Most studies (77%) did not assess the ‘no observed confounding’ assumption, and few studies (16%) fully considered structural uncertainty from the choice of statistical approach.We conclude that published CEAs do not assess the main assumptions behind statistical methods for addressing selection bias. This checklist can raise awareness about the assumptions behind statistical methods for addressing selection bias and can complement existing method guidelines for CEAs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary intake of iron, heme‐iron and magnesium and pancreatic cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort
Authors: Molina‐Montes Esther , Wark Petra A. , Sánchez María‐José , Norat Teresa , Jakszyn Paula , Luján‐Barroso Leila , Michaud Dominique S. , Crowe Francesca , Allen Naomi , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nicholas , Trichopoulou Antonia , Adarakis George , Katarachia Helen , Skeie Guri , Henningsen Maria , Broderstad Ann Ragnhild , Berrino Franco , Tumino Rosario , Palli Domenico , Mattiello Amalia , Vineis Paolo , Amiano Pilar , Barricarte Aurelio , Huerta José‐María , Duell Eric J. , Quirós José‐Ramón , Ye Weimin , Sund Malin , Lindkvist Björn , Johansen Dorthe , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Roswall Nina , Li Kuanrong , Grote Verena A. , Steffen Annika , Boeing Heiner , Racine Antoine , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Carbonnel Franck , Peeters Petra HM , Siersema Peter D. , Fedirko Veronika , Jenab Mazda , Riboli Elio , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita Bas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSeveral studies support a protective effect of dietary magnesium against type 2 diabetes, but a harmful effect for iron. As diabetes has been linked to pancreatic cancer, intake of these nutrients may be also associated with this cancer. We examined the association between dietary intake of magnesium, total iron and heme‐iron and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. In total, 142,203 men and 334,999 women, recruited between 1992 and 2000, were included. After an average follow‐up of 11.3 years, 396 men and 469 women developed exocrine pancreatic cancer. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using Cox regression stratified by age and center, and adjusted for energy intake, smoking status, height, weight, and self‐reported diabetes status. Neither intake of magnesium, total iron nor heme‐iron was associated with pancreatic cancer risk. In stratified analyses, a borderline inverse association was observed among overweight men (body mass index, ≥25 kg/m2) with magnesium (HRper 100 mg/day increase = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63–1.01) although this was less apparent using calibrated intake. In female smokers, a higher intake of heme‐iron was associated with a higher pancreatic cancer risk (HR per 1 mg/day increase = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10–1.74). After calibration, this risk increased significantly to 2.5‐fold (95% CI = 1.22–5.28). Overall, dietary magnesium, total iron and heme‐iron were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk during the follow‐up period. Our observation that heme‐iron was associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk in female smokers warrants replication in additional study populations.
Biomechanical characterization of aortic valve tissue in humans and common animal models
Authors: Martin Caitlin , Sun Wei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAortic valve disease develops in an escalating fashion in elderly patients. Current treatments including total valve replacement and valve repair techniques are still suboptimal. A thorough understanding of the animal and human valve tissue properties, particularly their differences, is crucial for the establishment of preclinical animal models and strategies for evaluating new valve treatment techniques, such as transcatheter valve intervention and tissue engineered valves. The goal of this study was to characterize and compare the biomechanical properties and histological structure of healthy ovine, porcine, and human aortic valve leaflets. The biaxial mechanical properties of the aortic valve leaflets of 10 ovine (∼1 year), 10 porcine (6–9 months), and 10 aged human (80.6 ± 8.34) hearts were quantified. Tissue microstructure was analyzed via histological techniques. Aged human aortic valve leaflets were significantly less compliant than both ovine and porcine leaflets, with the ovine leaflets being the most compliant. Histological analysis revealed structural differences between the species: the human and porcine leaflets contained more collagen and elastin than the ovine leaflets. Significant mechanical and structural differences in the aortic valve tissues of 6‐ to 9‐month‐old porcine models and 1‐year‐old ovine models with respect to those of aged humans, suggest that these animal models may not be representative of the typical patient undergoing aortic valve replacement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Student award for outstanding research winner in the Ph.D. category for the 9th World Biomaterials Congress, Chengdu, China, June 1–5, 2012
Authors: Tibbitt Mark W. , Han Bruce W. , Kloxin April M. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this study, the authors present a photodegradable microparticle system that can be used to entrap and deliver bioactive proteins to cells during culture. By using a photosensitive delivery system, experimenters can achieve a wide variety of spatiotemporally regulated release profiles with a single microparticle formulation, thereby, enabling one to probe many questions as to how protein presentation can be manipulated to regulate cell function. Photodegradable microparticles were synthesized via inverse suspension polymerization with a mean diameter of 22 μm, and degradation was demonstrated upon exposure to several irradiation conditions. The protein‐loaded depots were incorporated into cell cultures and release of bioactive protein was quantified during the photodegradation process. This phototriggered release allowed for the delivery of TGF‐β1 to stimulate PE25 cells and for the delivery of fluorescently labeled Annexin V to assay apoptotic 3T3 fibroblasts during culture. By incorporating these photoresponsive protein delivery depots into cell culture, new types of experiments are now possible to test hypotheses about how individual or multiple soluble factors might affect cell function when presented in a uniform, temporally varying, or gradient manner. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.
Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of a heparin‐benzalkonium chloride‐graphite oxide/polymethylvinyl siloxane nanocomposite
Authors: Zhou Ninglin , Xu Dong , Zhang Jun , Ma Yinchen , Yuan Jiang , Shen Jian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA heparin (Hep)—benzalkonium chloride (C12)‐graphite oxide (GO)/polymethylvinyl siloxane (PMVS) nancomposite was prepared via melting intercalation at different temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the Hep‐C12‐GO was well dispersed into PMVS processed at 100°C. Mechanical properties measurement demonstrated that the addition of Hep‐C12‐GO maintained its strength. XRD data indicated that Hep‐C12‐GO lost its layer structure completely. FTIR results suggested that Hep‐C12‐GO interacted with PMVS strongly. Antibacterial activity of resulting nanocomposite was evaluated using zone of inhibition and bacteria adhesion methods. The results demonstrated that Hep‐C12‐GO/PMVS had a good capability against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antithrombogenic properties were assessed using platelet adhesion experiment and the results showed that Hep‐C12‐GO/PMVS was blood‐compatible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.