bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yeast Two-Hybrid System for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions--Stage 3: Screen for Interacting Proteins
Authors: Serebriiskii Ilya 
Published: May 2010

INTRODUCTIONAn important element in the characterization of the function of a protein is the identification of other proteins with which it interacts. A powerful genetic strategy for this purpose, termed the “yeast two-hybrid system,” uses transcriptional reporters in yeast to indirectly reflect the interaction between two proteins. The term “two-hybrid” derives from the two classes of chimeric, or “hybrid,” proteins used in each screen. The first, commonly referred to as the “bait,” is a fusion of a protein of interest “x” with a DNA-binding domain (DBD-x). The second, sometimes called the “prey,” is a fusion of a cDNA library “y” to a transcriptional activation domain (AD-y). Together, DBD-x and AD-y provide the basis of the detection system. The two-hybrid approach has gained wide popularity because of the relative ease and speed with which it can be used to identify novel protein-protein interactions and to analyze known interactions. Once the bait strain has been made and characterized (stage 1) and the library strain has been transformed and frozen in aliquots (stage 2), the next step is to mate the two strains. Stage 3 of the method, described here, details the mating and screening of the cDNA library for positive interactors.
Yeast Two-Hybrid System for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions--Stage 4: Isolation of Library Plasmid Insert and Second Confirmation of Positive Interactions
Authors: Serebriiskii Ilya 
Published: May 2010

INTRODUCTIONAn important element in the characterization of the function of a protein is the identification of other proteins with which it interacts. A powerful genetic strategy for this purpose, termed the “yeast two-hybrid system,” uses transcriptional reporters in yeast to indirectly reflect the interaction between two proteins. The term “two-hybrid” derives from the two classes of chimeric, or “hybrid,” proteins used in each screen. The first, commonly referred to as the “bait,” is a fusion of a protein of interest “x” with a DNA-binding domain (DBD-x). The second, sometimes called the “prey,” is a fusion of a cDNA library “y” to a transcriptional activation domain (AD-y). Together, DBD-x and AD-y provide the basis of the detection system. The two-hybrid approach has gained wide popularity because of the relative ease and speed with which it can be used to identify novel protein-protein interactions and to analyze known interactions. Stage 4, described here, outlines a series of first-order and subsequent control experiments designed to establish whether an interacting protein is likely to be biologically significant. The number of positive interactions obtained will vary drastically from bait to bait. Subsequent processing methods will depend on the number initially obtained and on the preference of the individual investigator.
Visualizing Fetal Mouse Great Blood Vessels by Plastic Casting: Figure 1.
Authors: Liu Chengyu , Martin Jim 
Published: May 2010

INTRODUCTIONIn this protocol, the great vessels of the mouse are visualized by injecting colored plastic solutions directly into the heart, thereby filling the vessels. The plastic solidifies to create a stable cast that is then revealed by removing the mouse tissues with a caustic. This protocol can be modified for casting the vasculature of other organs by altering the delivery of the liquid plastic. For example, plastic casts of the maternal and fetal vasculature of the placenta can be generated.
DNA Isolation from Rat Tail or Ear
Authors: Cuppen Edwin 
Published: May 2010

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes a rapid procedure for isolating DNA from rat tail or ear punches. The simplest version of the protocol can be scaled for use in 96-well (deep-well) plates. The quality of the DNA is sufficient for any polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genotyping approach.
The Contribution of the Inter-American Human Rights Bodies to Evolving International Law on Indigenous Rights over Lands and Natural Resources
Authors: Tramontana Enzamaria 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBecause of the special relationship with land that characterises indigenous groups, rights over land and natural resources are at the heart of indigenous claims under international law. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court have developed a copious jurisprudence on the subject matter and contributed to the establishment of certain minimum indigenous peoples' land rights under customary international law. This article analyses the Inter-American judicial discourse on land issues in the light of the current status of relevant international law and reflects upon the potential contribution of the former to the further development of the latter. It focuses on the relationship between historical dispossessions and indigenous contemporary land claims, on the state duty to land delimitation, demarcation and titling, and on indigenous peoples' ownership over natural resources located within their traditional lands and their participatory rights in relation to resource exploitation.
The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the Development of a 'Generic' Approach to the Protection of Minority Rights in Europe?
Authors: Craig Elizabeth 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article considers some of the debates that have taken place in recent years about the Framework Convention's potential application to 'new minorities' or 'immigrant' groups. It explores the relevance of the work of Will Kymlicka to these debates as well as the stance adopted by the Framework Convention's Advisory Committee and State responses. The article argues that the protection of 'new' minorities under the Framework Convention should continue to be encouraged by the Advisory Committee and that this is an approach supported not only by Kymlicka's work but also on a more pragmatic level by State experiences to date.
A Shift in Japan's Stance on Indigenous Rights, and its Implications
Authors: McGrogan David 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article details a recent change in the position of the Japanese government towards the Ainu people, from assimilation and denial towards recognition of indigenousness and indigenous rights. It then gives reasons for this change in relation to the international context, with particular reference to external pressures which Japan faces to conform to international standards, and asks whether these pressures are likely to have an effect on the government's position with regard to the population of Okinawa. It locates this recent shift in Japan's stance in a general pattern of change in the Asian Pacific on indigenous rights, comparing this pattern to developments in Africa, and finally examines the question of whether the pressures which brought about the change in Japan's position on the Ainu are likely to affect other Asian states.
The platelet interior revisited: electron tomography reveals tubular α-granule subtypes
Authors: van Nispen tot Pannerden Hezder , de Haas Felix , Geerts Willie , Posthuma George , van Dijk Suzanne , Heijnen Harry F. G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We have used (cryo) electron tomography to provide a 3-dimensional (3D) map of the intracellular membrane organization of human platelets at high spatial resolution. Our study shows that the open canalicular system and dense tubular system are highly intertwined and form close associations in specialized membrane regions. 3D reconstructions of individual α-granules revealed large heterogeneity in their membrane organization. On the basis of their divergent morphology, we categorized α-granules into the following subtypes: spherical granules with electron-dense and electron-lucent zone containing 12-nm von Willebrand factor tubules, subtypes containing a multitude of luminal vesicles, 50-nm-wide tubular organelles, and a population with 18.4-nm crystalline cross-striations. Low-dose (cryo) electron tomography and 3D reconstruction of whole vitrified platelets confirmed the existence of long tubular granules with a remarkably curved architecture. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that these extended structures represent α-granule subtypes. Tubular α-granules represent approximately 16% of the total α-granule population and are detected in approximately half of the platelet population. They express membrane-bound proteins GLUT3 and αIIb-β3 integrin and contain abundant fibrinogen and albumin but low levels of β-thromboglobulin and no von Willebrand factor. Our 3D study demonstrates that, besides the existence of morphologically different α-granule subtypes, high spatial segregation of cargo exists within individual α-granules.
Evaluation of a Gastroenteritis Severity Score for Use in Outpatient Settings
Authors: Freedman Stephen B. , Eltorky Mohamed , Gorelick Marc ,   the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada Gastroenteritis Study Group
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal reliability, construct validity, and ease of administration of a gastroenteritis disease severity score, the modified Vesikari score (MVS), which does not require in-person assessment.METHODS:The MVS was created by replacing 1 variable (percent dehydration) in the original score with the need for future health care visits. We used the MVS to assess the global severity of disease in a cohort of children 3 to 48 months of age with acute gastroenteritis who were evaluated in 1 of 11 participating pediatric emergency departments. In this prospective study, caregivers recorded symptoms at home in a diary and reported the results via telephone at follow-up evaluation 14 days later. To evaluate internal reliability, we examined correlations between the items included in the score. Construct validity was evaluated by assessing the correlation between the total score and other proxy outcomes of disease severity, MVS distribution, and consistency between sites.RESULTS:A total of 455 children were enrolled, and 415 were successfully contacted for follow-up evaluation. Internal reliability was acceptable, with Cronbach's α of 0.59. Disease severity was correlated with day care (P = .01) and work (P = .002) absenteeism. The MVS was normally distributed, and mean scores did not differ between the 11 sites.CONCLUSIONS:The MVS seems to measure effectively the global severity of disease in a cohort of children with acute gastroenteritis. These data support the use of the MVS as an outcome measure in future clinical trials.
Trends in Atlantic Contribution to Mixed-Stock King Mackerel Landings in South Florida Inferred from Otolith Shape Analysis
Authors: Shepard Katherine E. , Patterson William F. , De Vries Douglas A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico (GOM) stocks of king mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla are genetically distinct but have overlapping winter ranges around South Florida. Understanding the factors driving the relative contribution of each stock to South Florida winter landings is necessary for effective management. The contribution of the Atlantic stock was estimated for the 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 fishing seasons using otolith shape as a natural tag. Analysis of otolith shapes from king mackerel sampled in summer (when the Atlantic and GOM stocks were presumed to be geographically separated) revealed significant sex and stock effects. Discriminant function analysis conducted with otolith morphometric indices and Fourier harmonic amplitudes as classification variables produced jackknifed classification success rates ranging from 60% to 73%. Maximum likelihood estimates of the Atlantic stock's contribution to winter landings indicated that there was a spatial gradient, the lowest contribution (mean = 25%) occurring off southwestern Florida and the highest (mean = 48%) off southeastern Florida. Estimates of the Atlantic stock's contribution to the easternmost zone increased from December through March, possibly reflecting the northward spring migration of both stocks. A comparison of contemporary and historic estimates dating back to the 1996–1997 fishing season revealed evidence of a long-term increase in the GOM stock's contribution, which may be driven by a dramatic increase in the size of the GOM stock and a gradual decline in that of the Atlantic stock over the time period considered.
Assessing Stakeholder Perspectives on the Impacts of a Decade of Collaborative Fisheries Research in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank
Authors: Feeney Rachel Gallant , La Valley Kenneth J. , Hall-Arber Madeleine 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Analysis of the perceptions of commercial fishermen, marine scientists, and other stakeholders of the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank ecosystem regarding collaborative fisheries research revealed that the benefits of collaboration have been extensive and that a loss of further research opportunities would be consequential. To date, more than 1,000 individuals have participated in research initiatives dedicated to promoting collaboration between scientists and fishermen. A series of eight public meetings were held in the summer of 2008 to determine from fishermen, scientists, and others how this collaboration has affected them, their communities, and the management of important marine resources. Of the 142 attendees, participation was greatest among fishermen (28%) and scientists (24%). The impact of collaborative fisheries research most frequently cited was an increase in the regional capacity to conduct research, utilizing the knowledge and expertise of fishermen and industry vessels as research platforms. Improvements in communication, relationships, and trust between science, industry, and other stakeholders were also lauded. In addition to the social impacts, the economic benefits included enhanced gear efficiency, new fishery opportunities, and help in sustaining fishing operations in times of more restrictive fisheries management. The most frequently cited potential impact of a loss in future funding were probable limits to the capacity of science and management to address local, emerging, or regulatory priorities. Less funding would result in fewer opportunities for stakeholders to work together, build trust, and network. We conclude that because the demands for stakeholder engagement and scientific information will only increase with the global shift toward ecosystem-based management, programs specifically designed to foster collaboration will play a critical role.
Bharatanatyam as a Global Dance: Some Issues in Research, Teaching, and Practice
Authors: Meduri Avanthi 
Published: May 2010

The promise of critical liberation that postcolonial and transnational perspectives offer by urging us to think the complex imbrication of the global in the local remains an unfulfilled promise in South Asian dance scholarship. I will elaborate this point by describing the global thrust of Rukmini Devi's art and education movement, which could not be recuperated within the territorializing intellectual framework of Indian nationalism, and explain why she, in fact, manifests herself as a discursive failure in standard scholarly accounts of Bharatanatyam in the United States.Part I: Bharatanatyam manifests itself as a world form today, quite like Ballet, albeit with a different genealogy. It is researched in western academic institutions in the United Kingdom, Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, as well as in India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Malaysia. Practitioners and dance scholars organize international conferences focused on Bharatanatyam all over the world today, and the Dance Studies Program at Roehampton, supported by a grant from the Arts and Humanities Research Board (AHRB), has assumed a leadership role in providing a new, global profile for the dance.
The Public Is Invited to Dance: Presentation for Seema Haria's Arangetram Cleveland, Ohio, September 31, 1993
Authors: Albright Ann Cooper 
Published: May 2010

This short talk, written over a decade ago, was originally presented at Seema Haria's arangetram in Cleveland, Ohio on July 31, 1993. At that performative event, Seema's dancing was showcased for an audience of over 200 friends and family. Although over the years I have lost contact with Seema, I have continued to be involved with different aspects of Classical Indian Dance, both in the United States and abroad. I have also taught dance (including Contact Improvisation) in India, and I find myself engaging with the concept of rasa that I present here in various aspects of my life.The exchange of ideas across cultures is a strange and wondrous phenomenon. Real concerns about cultural appropriation and the unequal access to the power of representation mean that we must learn to tread carefully across regional and ethnic differences. Yet at the beginning of the twenty-first century I am more convinced than ever that these exchanges, when consciously initiated, can be extraordinarily fruitful. There is something compelling for me about Classical Indian Dance, and as I engage with various forms and their histories, I am inspired to share in the dancing—intellectually, physically, and spiritually. Please join me.
The re­establishment of Andrea (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a monotypic genus from Southeastern Brazil threatened with extinction
Authors: Brown Gregory K. , Leme Elton M.C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA cladistic analysis of morphological data for the genus Canistropsis is presented. With the exception of two species, C. selloana and C. correia-araujoi, results support Canistropsis as monophyletic. Canistropsis correia-araujoi is a suspected, natural bigeneric hybrid. Canistropsis selloana is transferred back into the monotypic genus Andrea. A taxonomic treatment, including a greatly emended description, and discussion of the distribution, habitat, and conservation of Andrea selloana is presented.
A new combination and a new species of Andean Mutisieae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Sancho Gisela , Freire Susana E. , Katinas Liliana , Tellería María C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGochnatia lanceolata was described on the basis of two collections: the type (Carolina 01) from Peru and a paratype (Torrico & Peca 336) from Bolivia. The morphological characters analyzed here (e.g., style branches, apical anther appendages, phyllaries, pollen, and leaf anatomy) show that these specimens belong to different taxa. A new combination in Chucoa (Chucoa lanceolata) is proposed for the type collection from Peru. A new species, Gochnatia angustifolia, is described on the basis of the paratype from Bolivia.
Taxonomic realignment of the fossil polypodiaceous rhizome Thayeriorhizomoxylon chandrae (“chandraii”) Patil and Datar from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of India
Authors: Bonde Suresh D. , Kumaran Nauneeth K. P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRe­examination of the type material and micropreparations of “Thayeriorhizomoxylon chandrae Patil & Datar” (published as “T. chandraii”; Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) has revealed that the so­called branched rhizome is a petiolar base of the “Acrostichum type”. The overall morpho­anatomy of the petiole plus root morphology are similar to that of Acrostichum intertrappeum. In light of above, T. chandrae is being realigned to A. intertrappeum Bonde & Kumaran.
Viscin threads on pollen of Circaea ×intermedia Ehrh. (Circaeeae: Onagraceae)
Authors: Skvarla John J. , Rowley John R. , Hoch Peter C. , Chissoe William F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractViscin threads are here described for the exine of Circaea ×intermedia Ehrh. (C. alpina L. × C. lutetiana L.). Often, the threads bifurcate, taper distally and have branched terminal ends. The smooth surface has lightly sculptured bands and randomly occurring and positioned sporopollenin globules. At the point of attachment with the exine the threads show either a natural transition with exine surface elements or have bulb­like enlargements. Circaea ×intermedia viscin threads present a remarkable contrast to the generally poorly defined viscin threads on Circaea pollen.
The identity and typification of Smilax grandifolia Regel, nom. illeg. and S. regelii Killip & C. V. Morton (Smilacaceae)
Authors: Applequist Wendy L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSmilax regelii Killip & C. V. Morton (1936), universally applied to an economically important Central American sarsaparilla, is a nomen novum for an illegitimate later homonym, S. grandifolia Regel (1856, non Buckley, 1843), which has been declared recently to be a synonym of the South American S. longifolia Rich. and typified with material allegedly belonging thereto. Regel’s description and relevant historical specimens indicate that Regel’s concept of S. grandifolia does not make it synonymous with the South American S. longifolia but with the Central American taxon now called S. regelii. Demonstrably original material of S. grandifolia has not been located. A recently designated neotype of S. grandifolia, also not found and never seen by Regel, is in serious conflict with the protologue and must be rejected (Art. 9.17b). To maintain current nomenclature, S. grandifolia Regel is neotypified with an element, probably seen by Regel, whose origin is presumably from Central America. The correct name for Honduran or brown sarsaparilla remains S. regelii Killip & C. V. Morton.
Origin and subdivision ofPlagiochila(Jungermanniidae: Plagiochilaceae) in tropical Africa based on evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology
Authors: Heinrichs Jochen , Lindner Melanie , Gradstein S. Robbert , Groth Henk , Buchbender Volker , Solga Andreas , Fischer Eberhard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMaximum likelihood analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the chloroplast protein coding generps4were conducted to investigate phylogenetic relationships among species ofPlagiochilaand to reconstruct the ranges of natural species groups within the genus. Based on the results of the molecular analyses and on morphological evidence, the tropical African species ofPlagiochilaare assigned to the sectionsArrectae,Cucullatae,Hylacoetes,Rutilantes,Vagae, and the new sect.Africanae(P. barteri,P. colorans). With the exception ofAfricanae, all sections possess intercontinental ranges; their centers of diversity are in the tropics. Clade and species diversity in Africa is lower than in other parts of the tropics and may reflect drought periods of the Pleistocene. Intercontinental ranges at specific level exist between tropical America and Africa whereas similarities between tropical Asia and Africa were only recovered at the sectional level. ITS sequence sets were used to test the monophyly of species with intercontinental ranges and to explore the development of the Afro‐American range ofP. boryana. A well supported clade with accessions ofP. boryanafrom Bolivia and Uganda is nested in the robust neotropicalHylacoetes. This topology and the low genetic distance of the differentP. boryanaaccessions provide some evidence for long‐range dispersal ofP. boryanaeastwards across the Atlantic, originating from the Neotropics. An African origin of theVagaeclade which includes neotropical and paleotropical taxa is suggested by the clustering of accessions from the East African Islands at the base of this clade. In addition, the presented data support the hypothesis of several switches from Africa to Asia and vice versa. A derived clade withinVagaeincludes accessions from the African mainland and the Neotropics. Our results seem to indicate that the extant tropical AfricanPlagiochilaflora is a mixture of old elements and rather recent immigrants.