bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Heterocyclization: Formation of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Oxygen Heterocycles Through Carbon—Oxygen Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Majumdar Krishna C. , Debnath Pradip , Roy Brindaban 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radicals in Organic Synthesis. Part 1.
Authors: Rowlands Gareth J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The β‐D‐Glucose Scaffold as a β‐Turn Mimetic
Authors: Hirschmann Ralph F. , Nicolaou K. C. , Angeles Angie R. , Chen Jason S. , Smith Amos B. III 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gabapentin: A Stereochemically Constrained γ Amino Acid Residue in Hybrid Peptide Design
Authors: Vasudev Prema G. , Chatterjee Sunanda , Shamala Narayanaswamy , Balaram Padmanabhan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Aspects of Transition Metal Catalyzed Direct Arylation Reactions
Authors: de Mendoza Paula , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the DFT Method to the Study of Intramolecular Palladium Shifts in Aryl and Polyaryl Complexes
Authors: Dedieu Alain , Mota Antonio J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rational Design, Synthesis, Biophysical and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Fluorenone Derivatives with DNA G‐Quadruplex Binding Properties
Authors: Alcaro Stefano , Artese Anna , Iley James N. , Missailidis Sotiris , Ortuso Francesco , Parrotta Lucia , Pasceri Raffaele , Paduano Francesco , Sissi Claudia , Trapasso Francesco , Vigorita Maria Gabriella 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMolecular modeling studies carried out with experimental DNA models with the sequence d[AG3(T2AG3)3] suggest that the introduction of a net positive charge onto the side chain of a series of fluorenone carboxamides can improve G‐quadruplex binding. The terminal morpholino moiety was replaced with a novel N‐methylmorpholinium cation starting from two 4‐carboxamide compounds. A different substitution on the fluorenone ring was also investigated and submitted to the same quaternarization process. All compounds were analyzed for their DNA binding properties by competition dialysis methods. In vitro antiproliferative tests were carried out against two different tumor cell lines. Docking experiments were conducted by including all four known human repeat unit G‐quadruplex DNA sequences (27 experimentally determined conformations) against the most active fluorenone derivatives. The results of theoretical, biophysical, and in vitro experiments indicate two novel derivatives as lead compounds for the development of a new generation of G‐quadruplex ligands with greater potency and selectivity.
Hölder estimates in space‐time for viscosity solutions of hamilton‐jacobi equations
Authors: Cannarsa Piermarco , Cardaliaguet Pierre 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIt is well‐known that solutions to the basic problem in the calculus of variations may fail to be Lipschitz‐continuous when the Lagrangian depends on t. Similarly, for viscosity solutions to time‐dependent Hamilton‐Jacobi equations one cannot expect Lipschitz bounds to hold uniformly with respect to the regularity of coefficients. This phenomenon raises the question whether such solutions satisfy uniform estimates in some weaker norm. We will show that this is the case for a suitable Hölder norm, obtaining uniform estimates in (x,t) for solutions to first‐ and second‐order Hamilton‐Jacobi equations. Our results apply to degenerate parabolic equations and require superlinear growth at infinity, in the gradient variables, of the Hamiltonian. Proofs are based on comparison arguments and representation formulas for viscosity solutions, as well as weak reverse Hölder inequalities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetics of the Solvolyses of Fluoro‐Substituted Benzhydryl Derivatives: Reference Electrofuges for the Development of a Comprehensive Nucleofugality Scale
Authors: Nolte Christoph , Mayr Herbert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA series of m‐fluoro‐substituted benzhydryl chlorides, bromides, mesylates, and tosylates 1‐X to 5‐X were prepared and subjected to solvolysis reactions in various solvents. The observed first‐order rate constants ks(25 °C) were found to follow the correlation equation log ks(25 °C) = sf(Nf + Ef), which allowed us to determine the electrofugality parameters Ef for these destabilized benzhydrylium cations and the nucleofugality parameters Nf, sf for a series of leaving group/solvent combinations.
Automatic differentiation strategy for the local sensitivity analysis of a one‐dimensional hydraulic model
Authors: Souhar O. , Faure J.‐B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this paper, automatic differentiation (AD) techniques are introduced and applied in the local sensitivity analysis of the state function handled by the one‐dimensional hydraulic model, Mage. We have proposed the different steps to easily compute automatic derivatives of a given numerical model. More specifically, Tapenade software, in the tangent linear mode (TLM), has been used to calculate derivatives of the model outputs (discharge and water level) with respect to the bottom friction expressed in terms of Strickler relation. We have shown the independent contribution of the main stream and floodplain Strickler coefficients on discharges and water levels. Furthermore, numerical comparison has shown that derivatives computed using the AD tool are more accurate than those using the forward divided differences scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bias‐corrected bootstrap prediction intervals for autoregressive model: new alternatives with applications to tourism forecasting
Authors: Kim Jae H. , Song Haiyan , Wong Kevin K. F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes the use of the bias‐corrected bootstrap for interval forecasting of an autoregressive time series with an arbitrary number of deterministic components. We use the bias‐corrected bootstrap based on two alternative bias‐correction methods: the bootstrap and an analytic formula based on asymptotic expansion. We also propose a new stationarity‐correction method, based on stable spectral factorization, as an alternative to Kilian's method exclusively used in past studies. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to compare small‐sample properties of prediction intervals. The results show that the bias‐corrected bootstrap prediction intervals proposed in this paper exhibit desirable small‐sample properties. It is also found that the bootstrap bias‐corrected prediction intervals based on stable spectral factorization are tighter and more stable than those based on Kilian's stationarity‐correction. The proposed methods are applied to interval forecasting for the number of tourist arrivals in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cannabinoid WIN 55,212‐2‐mediated protection of dentate gyrus granule cells is driven by CB1receptors and modulated by TRPA1 and Cav2.2 channels
Authors: Koch Marco , Kreutz Susanne , Böttger Charlotte , Grabiec Urszula , Ghadban Chalid , Korf Horst‐Werner , Dehghani Faramarz 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCannabinoids regulate numerous physiological and pathological events like inflammation or neurodegeneration via CB1and CB2receptors. The mechanisms behind cannabinoid effects show a high variability and may also involve transient receptor potential channels (TRP) and N‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+channels (Cav2.2). In the present study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212–2 (WIN) on dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells and elucidated the involvement of TRP and Cav2.2 that are shown to participate in inflammatory processes. Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures were excitotoxically lesioned using NMDA and subsequently incubated with different WIN concentrations (0.001–10 μM). WIN showed neuroprotective properties in an inverse concentration‐dependent manner, most effectively at 0.01 μM. The CB1receptor antagonist AM251 blocked neuroprotection mediated by WIN whereas the CB2receptor antagonist AM630 showed no effects. Application of the TRPA1 blocker HC‐030031 enhanced the neuroprotective efficacy of high (10 μM) WIN concentrations and the number of degenerating neurons became equal to that seen after application of the most effective WIN dose (0.01 μM). In contrast, the application of TRPA1 agonist icilin or allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) led to a stronger neurodegeneration. The use of TRPV1 blocker 6‐iodo‐nordihydrocapsaicin did not affect WIN‐mediated neuroprotection. The selective Cav2.2 blocker ω‐conotoxin (GVIA) completely blocked neuroprotection shown by 10 μM WIN. GVIA and HC‐030031 exerted no effects at WIN concentrations lower than 10 μM. Our data show that WIN protects dentate gyrus granule cells in a concentration dependent manner by acting upon CB1receptors. At high (10 μM) concentrations WIN additionally activates TRPA1 and Cav2.2 within the hippocampal formation that both interfere with CB1receptor‐mediated neuroprotection. This leads to the conclusion that physiological and pharmacological effects of cannabinoids strongly depend on their concentration and the neuroprotective efficacy of cannabinoids may be determined by interaction of activated CB1receptor, TRPA1, and Cav2.2. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Individual differences in preschool children: temperament or personality?
Authors: Grist Cathy L. , McCord David M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIndividual differences among adults have generally been conceptualized in terms of personality theory and traits. In contrast, individual differences among very young children (birth to kindergarten) have generally been conceptualized in terms of temperament theory and traits. The present study compares and contrasts measures of temperament and personality in a sample of preschool children. Temperament traits were assessed with a well‐established measure (the Rothbart CBQ), and a new preschool rating instrument was used to assess personality traits from the five‐factor framework (M5‐PS). Indeed, a key purpose of this study was to further the development of the M5‐PS. Data were gathered on 122 preschool children who were rated by their teachers. Significant correlations were found between the temperament trait Surgency and the personality trait Extraversion, between the temperament trait Negative Affect and the personality trait Neuroticism, and between the temperament trait Effortful Control and the personality trait Conscientiousness. The overall pattern of correlational data suggests that individual differences in preschool children can be adequately described using the five‐factor theory, and that this framework may effectively subsume traditional theories of temperament. Preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the M5‐PS is offered. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protease inhibitors: A panacea?
Authors: Haq Soghra Khatun , Rabbani Gulam , Ahmad Ejaz , Atif Sheikh Muhammad , Khan Rizwan Hasan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWith the increasing evidence of protease involvement in several diseases, novel strategies for drug development involve the use of protease inhibitors (PIs). The local balance between protease inhibitors and proteases is an important determinant of the occurrence and progression of a particular disease. Hence, enzymes and their cognate inhibitors are finding their applications as diagnostic and prognostic markers. PIs are widely implicated for their use in host defense against infection, tissue repair and matrix production, blood coagulation, cancer, and they are, therefore, the current focus as therapeutic alternatives for major diseases such as AIDS and Alzheimer's diseases. This review is a brief summary of the varied role of protein protease inhibitors in controlling the activity of aberrant enzymes in several diseases afflicting mankind today. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:270–277, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20335
MODIS observed impacts of intensive agriculture on surface temperature in the southern Great Plains
Authors: Ge Jianjun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLand use/cover change has been recognized as an important component in regional and global climate. This study provides satellite observed impacts of agricultural activities on near surface climate. Land surface temperature products from NASA's earth observing system (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellites are used. The intensive winter wheat field in the southern Great Plains greatly modifies the seasonal, diurnal and spatial characteristics of surface temperature. Over the period from August 2002 to July 2008, in terms of maximum daytime temperature the winter wheat field is 2.30 °C cooler than surrounding grasslands in the growing season, but 1.61 °C warmer after its harvest. The maximum cool and warm anomalies reach 4.16 °C and 3.35 °C, respectively. At night, the impacts of the wheat fields are less significant especially after harvest. Spatially, the wheat field has more uniform surface temperature than grassland. Over the 6‐year period, the standard deviation of daytime land surface temperature over the wheat field is 0.72 °C smaller than grassland. The value of EOS observations for the land/climate interaction research is demonstrated, and similar analysis has potential to be applied to other land use/cover changes in different regions. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Exelon engages employees in climate‐change challenge
Authors: Karesh Howard N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractExelon Corporation, one of the first U.S. utilities to advocate for federal climate‐change legislation, has moved into uncharted territory as it seeks to fully engage employees in its ambitious goal for significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and its roadmap to a low‐carbon future. Despite a multipronged internal communications program, enterprise‐level efforts did not sustain the employee enthusiasm that accompanied the July 2008 launch of the Exelon 2020 low‐carbon roadmap, and the company went back to the drawing board. The Exelon 2020 Engagement Team—this time rechartered around action rather than conversation about employee environmental initiatives—has driven a second round of efforts. The early success of an employee film festival, a contest around at‐home energy conservation, and empowering local green councils to run with the ball has fueled cautious optimism that employees are finally jumping aboard. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Employer of choice: Using computers to enhance employee engagement in Australia
Authors: Gill Rob 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEmployer of choice (EOC) is an evolving interest for Australian business, as organizations look to attract and retain desirable staff and maintain a positive reputation in the marketplace. EOC reflects the value and importance organizations place on their key stakeholders—their staff. This article defines EOC in a context reflecting Australian business conditions and demonstrates how to use an existing information and communication technology (ICT) platform, typically available to office‐based staff in large institutions, to educate and engage with employees about their organization's EOC program.Characteristics common to “good employers” as presented by global research houses and consultancy groups are matched against standard characteristics evident from a review of Australian documentation on EOC, in order to provide the most appropriate EOC characteristics for Australian organizations.This article conceptualizes a model curriculum to educate large office‐based staff on their organization's EOC program using computer‐assisted learning (CAL). The model embraces constructivists' principles and adult learning pedagogy that enables individually tailored education. The belief is that an engaged and satisfied staff will enhance an organization's reputation and decrease the risk of staff loss. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radial shock waves effectively introduced NF‐kappa B decoy into rat achilles tendon cells in vitro
Authors: Sugioka Kaori , Nakagawa Koichi , Murata Ryo , Ochiai Nobuyasu , Sasho Takahisa , Arai Momoko , Tsuruoka Hiroaki , Ohtori Seiji , Saisu Takashi , Gemba Takefumi , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test if radial shock waves could enhance the introduction of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) decoy oligodeoxynucleotides, which is reported to markedly inhibit NF‐κB activation and suppress pro‐inflammatory cytokine gene expression, using rat Achilles tendon cells. In the presence of NF‐κB decoy labeled with or without fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) in culture media, radial shock waves were applied to the tendon cells in variable conditions and cultivated for 24 h. The transfection rate was assessed by counting FITC‐positive cells, and IL‐1–induced NF‐κB activation in the cells was assessed. Radial shock waves significantly enhanced introduction of NF‐κB decoy‐FITC into the tendon cells. IL‐1–induced NF‐κB activation was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with NF‐κB decoy combined with radial shock wave exposure. The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of radial shock waves on introduction of NF‐κB decoy into tendon cells. Radial shock wave treatment combined with local NF‐κB decoy administration could be a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic tendinopathy. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1078–1083, 2010
Transient neutropenia increases macrophage accumulation and cell proliferation but does not improve repair following intratendinous rupture of Achilles tendon
Authors: Godbout Charles , Bilodeau Rosalie , Van Rooijen Nico , Bouchard Patrice , Frenette Jérôme 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNeutrophils are the first leukocytes to invade tendons after an acute injury. They could modulate both the inflammatory response and early repair processes through the release of reactive species, cytokines, growth factors, and proteinases. However, the exact role of these cells in damaged tendons remains unclear. We investigated their role by inducing a transient neutropenia in C57BL/6 male mice using an anti‐Ly6C/Ly6G antibody. Placebo mice received only serum. The right Achilles tendon was sectioned and sutured using the 8‐strand technique, which allowed immediate weight bearing. A significant increase in macrophage accumulation and cell proliferation was observed in tendons from neutropenic animals compared to the placebo group at days 3 and/or 7 postinjury. However, there was a reduction in cell proliferation in a group of mice depleted in macrophages, indicating that macrophages play a role in cell replication in injured tendons. Lastly, the tendons of neutropenic and placebo mice had similar collagen content and mechanical properties at days 7, 14, and/or 28 postinjury. Our findings demonstrate that neutropenia modulates macrophage accumulation and cell proliferation, but overall, a reduction in neutrophil number has no significant effect on tendon repair. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1084–1091, 2010
2‐D RP/RPLC method to separate components in Fructus schisandrae chinensis
Authors: Jin Gaowa , Dai Yuntao , Feng Jiatao , Qin Xuemei , Xue Xingya , Zhang Feifang , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn off‐line 2‐D RP/RPLC method was developed to separate components in extracts of Fructus schisandrae chinensis, which is a traditional Chinese medicine. In this method, Click β‐CD stationary phase was proposed for constructing 2‐D RP/RPLC system combined with C18 column. β‐CD column showed great potential to separate compounds in traditional Chinese medicines under RP mode. Collected fractions from Click β‐CD column used in first dimension were resolved into many additional components, indicating that the 2‐D LC system based on Click β‐CD and C18 phases is orthogonal. The mobile phase was same on both columns. This 2‐D LC method facilitates us not only to separate components that cannot be resolved by unidimensional chromatography, but also to achieve much more efficient detection of minor sample components.
Physical and numerical investigation of a cemented granular assembly of steel spheres
Authors: Akram M. S. , Sharrock G. B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this paper, steel spheres embedded in a cement matrix were studied using numerical and physical ISRM testing procedures. A challenge in discrete element simulations is to select appropriate micro‐mechanical models and parameters, to recover the observed macro‐mechanical behavior. An ideal experiment on cohesive granular assemblies constructed identical to numerical ones would validate these micro models for a set of measured micro‐parameters. The first part of the paper summarizes the previous studies in this area, outlines such experimental methodology and depicts the steps followed for the preparation and the testing of cemented granular assemblies together with the derivation of micro‐parameters. The second part discusses the results of numerical and physical ISRM standard tests including uniaxial and triaxial compression, Brazilian tensile and shear box tests. Physical samples were prepared using steel balls bonded with Portland cement, cured under controlled laboratory conditions and tested in compression, tension and shearing. Acoustic emissions were monitored in uniaxial tests to characterize the damage thresholds relative to volumetric strains. Numerical simulations were conducted with PFC 3D using micro‐mechanical parameters derived from physical testing. Parametric sensitivity studies were carried out to look into the dependency of macroscopic responses on the parameters. The results from both numerical and physical tests showed good correspondence in macroscopic behavior i.e. peak strength, stages of damage, mode of failures. However, the numerical simulations reflected a stiffer mechanical response than physical assemblies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.