bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accrual Accounting, Informational Sufficiency, and Equity Valuation
Authors: NEZLOBIN ALEXANDER 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper studies accrual accounting and equity valuation in the context of a firm that makes repeated and overlapping investments in productive capacity. The analysis identifies a particular accrual accounting (depreciation) rule that is termed replacement cost accounting because the book value of existing capacity assets is set equal to the value that such assets would have if a competitive market were to exist for used assets. It is shown that replacement cost accounting aggregates past investment decisions of the firm without a loss of value‐relevant information. The intrinsic value of the firm can then be expressed as a function of current accounting data and certain parameters of the firm’s operating environment. Further, it is shown that replacement cost accounting is essentially the only accounting rule with this informational sufficiency property.
Pharmacological characterization of a small‐molecule agonist for the chemokine receptor CXCR3
Authors: Scholten DJ , Canals M , Wijtmans M , de Munnik S , Nguyen P , Verzijl D , de Esch IJP , Vischer HF , Smit MJ , Leurs R 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a GPCR found predominantly on activated T cells. CXCR3 is activated by three endogenous peptides; CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. Recently, a small‐molecule agonist, VUF10661, has been reported in the literature and synthesized in our laboratory. The aim of the present study was to provide a detailed pharmacological characterization of VUF10661 by comparing its effects with those of CXCL11.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHAgonistic properties of VUF10661 were assessed in a chemotaxis assay with murine L1.2 cells transiently transfected with cDNA encoding the human CXCR3 receptor and in binding studies, with [125I]‐CXCL10 and [125I]‐CXCL11, on membrane preparations from HEK293 cells stably expressing CXCR3. [35S]‐GTPγS binding was used to determine its potency to induce CXCR3‐mediated G protein activation and BRET‐based assays to investigate its effects on intracellular cAMP levels and β‐arrestin recruitment.KEY RESULTSVUF10661 acted as a partial agonist in CXCR3‐mediated chemotaxis, bound to CXCR3 in an allosteric fashion in ligand binding assays and activated Gi proteins with the same efficacy as CXCL11 in the [35S]‐GTPγS binding and cAMP assay, while it recruited more β‐arrestin1 and β‐arrestin2 to CXCR3 receptors than the chemokine.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSVUF10661, like CXCL11, activates both G protein‐dependent and ‐independent signalling via the CXCR3 receptor, but probably exerts its effects from an allosteric binding site that is different from that for CXCL11. It could stabilize different receptor and/or β‐arrestin conformations leading to differences in functional output. Such ligand‐biased signalling might offer interesting options for the therapeutic use of CXCR3 agonists.LINKED ARTICLEThis article is commented on by O'Boyle, pp. 895–897 of this issue. To view this commentary visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2011.01759.x
Using white mica40Ar/39Ar data as a tracer for fluid flow and permeability under high‐Pconditions: Tauern Window, Eastern Alps
Authors: WARREN C. J. , SMYE A. J. , KELLEY S. P. , SHERLOCK S. C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNew single‐grain‐fusion muscovite and paragonite40Ar/39Ar data from eclogite and blueschist units exposed in the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps yield a range of apparent ages from 90 to 23 Ma. These apparent ages are generally older than expected for40Ar/39Ar cooling ages, given constraints from other geochronological systems such as Rb–Sr and U–Pb. Numerical Ar‐in‐muscovite diffusion models for Tauern Window nappeP–Tpaths in an open system suggest that40Ar/39Ar ages should lie between 29 and 24 Ma, and that they should constrain cooling and decompression following the post‐high pressure Barrovian overprint. The measured ranges of apparent40Ar/39Ar dates suggest that the assumption of open system behaviour is not valid for this region. The local and/or regional generation of fluid during exhumation promoted pervasive recrystallization of high pressure lithologies throughout the Tauern Window to greenschist and amphibolite facies assemblages. The old apparent40Ar/39Ar white mica dates in all lithologies are therefore interpreted as being due to inefficient removal of grain boundary Ar by the grain boundary fluids during the Barrovian overprint, due to high Ar concentrations or limited connectivity or both. This caused spatially (mm‐scale) and temporally variable fluxes of Ar out of, and probably into, white mica in both metasedimentary and metabasic lithologies.
Aspirin is First‐Line Treatment for Migraine and Episodic Tension‐Type Headache Regardless of Headache Intensity
Authors: Lampl Christian , Voelker Michael , Steiner Timothy J. 
Published: September 2011

Objectives.— (1) To establish whether pre‐treatment headache intensity in migraine or episodic tension‐type headache (ETTH) predicts success or failure of treatment with aspirin; and (2) to reflect, accordingly, on the place of aspirin in the management of these disorders.Background.— Stepped care in migraine management uses symptomatic treatments as first‐line, reserving triptans for those in whom this proves ineffective. Stratified care chooses between symptomatic therapy and triptans as first‐line on an individual basis according to perceived illness severity. We questioned the 2 assumptions underpinning stratified care in migraine that greater illness severity: (1) reflects greater need; and (2) is a risk factor for failure of symptomatic treatment but not of triptans.Methods.— With regard to the first assumption, we developed a rhetorical argument that need for treatment is underpinned by expectation of benefit, not by illness severity. To address the second, we reviewed individual patient data from 6 clinical trials of aspirin 1000 mg in migraine (N = 2079; 1165 moderate headache, 914 severe) and one of aspirin 500 and 1000 mg in ETTH (N = 325; 180 moderate, 145 severe), relating outcome to pre‐treatment headache intensity.Results.— In migraine, for headache relief at 2 hours, a small (4.7%) and non‐significant risk difference (RD) in therapeutic gain favored moderate pain; for pain freedom at 2 hours, therapeutic gains were almost identical (RD: −0.2%). In ETTH, for headache relief at 2 hours, RDs for both aspirin 500 mg (−4.2%) and aspirin 1000 mg (−9.7%) favored severe pain, although neither significantly; for pain freedom at 2 hours, RDs (−14.2 and −3.6) again favored severe pain.Conclusion.— In neither migraine nor ETTH does pre‐treatment headache intensity predict success or failure of aspirin. This is not an arguable basis for stratified care in migraine. In both disorders, aspirin is first‐line treatment regardless of headache intensity.
Value of Neuropsychological Tests, Neuroimaging, and Biomarkers for Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease in Younger and Older Age Cohorts
Authors: Schmand Ben , Eikelenboom Piet , van Gool Willem A. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVES: To examine the influence of age on the value of four techniques for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD).
DESIGN: Observational cohort study.
SETTING: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=179), individuals with AD (n=91), and normal controls (n=105).
MEASUREMENTS: Neuropsychological tests, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid‐beta and tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) for the diagnosis of MCI or AD. MCI was defined according to subjective memory complaints corroborated by an informant and an abnormal score on the delayed paragraph recall subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised, a Mini‐Mental State Examination score greater than 23, and a Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0.5. Participants with AD satisfied National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria of probable AD.
RESULTS: Neuropsychological tests and MRI were the most informative techniques, with 84% and 82% correct classifications, respectively, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of 0.93 (90% confidence interval (CI)=0.91–0.95) and 0.88 (90% CI=0.85–0.91). FDG‐PET and CSF assessments had 76% and 73% correct classifications, respectively, (AUC=0.77, 90% CI=0.71–0.83; AUC=0.77, 90% CI=0.73–0.82). These figures increased slightly when the techniques were combined. All analyses were repeated for the younger (<75) and older (≥75) halves of the sample. FDG‐PET and CSF assessment were substantially less informative in the older cohort, and they did not add diagnostic information when all techniques were combined.
CONCLUSIONS: Structural MRI and neuropsychological assessment are diagnostic methods of first choice if AD is suspected. CSF and FDG‐PET add little to these diagnostic techniques, especially in older adults.
Insurance Pricing, Reserving, and Performance Evaluation Under External Constraints on Capitalization and Return on Equity
Authors: Ulm Eric R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe derive formulas for calculating the premiums that should be charged on policies in a discounted cash flow model with tax reserves and required assets that are determined by regulation. We also determine the unique division of required assets into “reserves” and “capital” that allows the product profitability to be correctly evaluated. That is, the profit after capital charges is zero if the product achieves the return assumed in pricing. We illustrate the concepts using whole life insurance and guaranteed minimum death benefit examples.
Non‐invasive Assessment of Skin Microvascular Function in Humans: An Insight Into Methods
Authors: ROUSTIT MATTHIEU , CRACOWSKI JEAN‐LUC 
Published: September 2011

Please cite this paper as: Roustit and Cracowski (2012). Non‐invasive Assessment of Skin Microvascular Function in Humans: An Insight Into Methods. Microcirculation 19(1), 47–64.AbstractFor more than two decades, methods for the non‐invasive exploration of cutaneous microcirculation have been mainly based on optical microscopy and laser Doppler techniques. In this review, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques. Although optical microscopy‐derived techniques, such as nailfold videocapillaroscopy, have found clinical applications, they mainly provide morphological information about the microvessels. Laser Doppler techniques coupled with reactivity tests are widespread in the field of microvascular function research, but many technical issues need to be taken into account when performing these tests. Post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia and local thermal hyperemia have been shown to be reliable tests, although their underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis, despite their wide use as specific tests of endothelium‐dependent and ‐independent function, respectively, show limitations. The influence of the skin site, recording conditions, and the way of expressing data are also reviewed. Finally, we focus on promising tools such as laser speckle contrast imaging.
Transparent Solid Solution Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Polycrystalline Ceramic with the Alumina‐Rich Composition MgO·1.2 Al2O3
Authors: Sutorik Anthony C. , Gilde Gary , Swab Jeffrey J. , Cooper Christopher , Gamble Robert , Shanholtz Eugene 
Published: September 2011

Solid solution magnesium aluminate spinel with the alumina‐rich composition MgO·1.2 Al2O3 has been prepared as a transparent polycrystalline ceramic with average in‐line transmission at 550 nm of 84.8 ± 2.7% and >82% throughout the visible spectrum. Starting powders are prepared from mixtures of high purity Mg(OH)2 and γ‐Al2O3 thoroughly mixed in an aqueous slurry. Water is removed by rotary evaporation. The solids are collected, dried, calcined, mixed with LiF (as a sintering aid), and sieved. The powders are sintered into dense ceramics by hot pressing at 1600°C under vacuum and 20 MPa uniaxial load followed by hot isostatic pressing at 1850°C under 200 MPa Ar. Final grain sizes ranged between 300 and 1000 μm. Samples exhibited flexural strength of 176.8 ± 46.2 MPa; hardness of 12.3 ± 0.2 GPa; and elastic modulus of 292.9 ± 7.5 GPa. Control samples of stoichiometric magnesium aluminate spinel (MgO·Al2O3) were prepared with the same procedure and exhibited comparable values for transmission and physical properties.
The Academic Chair in Emergency Medicine: Current Demographics and Survey Results Identifying the Skills and Characteristics Desired for the Role
Authors: Heitz Corey , Hamilton Glenn C. 
Published: September 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:981–987 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Due to the rapid growth in academic emergency departments over the past 20 years, recent significant changes in leadership have occurred. To prepare for future transitions, leaders in academic emergency medicine (EM) should identify those skills and characteristics desired in future academic chairs. The authors sought to determine which skills and characteristics are more important than others to help guide the development of EM‐specific leadership courses.Methods:  A survey of the current academic chairs in EM included questions pertaining to demographics, career time course, expected career longevity, and ratings of skills and characteristics deemed necessary for academic chairs. Chairs were asked to rate the qualities twice, to identify qualities that must be obtained prior to becoming chair, and those that may be obtained during chair tenure.Results:  Ninety‐seven percent of the membership of the Association of Academic Chairs in Emergency Medicine (AACEM) completed the survey. Most chairs have been in practice for over 15 years, and a minority, for less than 10 years. One‐third predict less than 6 more years in their current position, and almost 50% predict their careers as chair will continue an additional 6–10 years. The highest‐rated formal training was an administrative or leadership training course or certification. Chairs noted that academic experience (including scholarly productivity, peer‐reviewed publication, faculty development, and graduate medical education) was the most important skill set to obtain prior to becoming a chair, while hospital governance and cross‐departmental collaboration skills can be obtained once in the role. Managerial skills were also felt to be of importance. Personal characteristics were overall rated highly. No differences were found between responses from early chairs and those later in their careers.Conclusions:  Leadership courses for aspiring chairs in EM should foster the development of academic experience and managerial skills. Advanced degrees in leadership or administration are highly desirable in future chairs.
Selection of disease‐specific biomarkers by integrating inflammatory mediators with clinical informatics in AECOPD patients: a preliminary study
Authors: Chen Hong , Song Zhenju , Qian Mengjia , Bai Chunxue , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSystemic inflammation is a major factor influencing the outcome and quality of patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute exacerbations (AECOPD). Because of the inflammatory complexity, a great challenge is still confronted to optimize the identification and validation of disease‐specific biomarkers. This study aimed at developing a new protocol of specific biomarker evaluation by integrating proteomic profiles of inflammatory mediators with clinical informatics in AECOPD patients, understand better their function and signal networks. Plasma samples were collected from healthy non‐smokers or patients with stable COPD (sCOPD) or AECOPD on days 1 and 3 of the admission and discharging day (day 7–10). Forty chemokines were measured using a chemokine multiplex antibody array. Clinical informatics was achieved by a Digital Evaluation Score System (DESS) for assessing severity of patients. Chemokine data was compared among different groups and its correlation with DESS scores was performed by SPSS software. Of 40 chemokines, 30 showed significant difference between sCOPD patients and healthy controls, 16 between AECOPD patients and controls and 13 between AECOPD patients and both sCOPD and controls, including BTC, IL‐9, IL‐18Bpa, CCL22,CCL23, CCL25, CCL28, CTACK, LIGHT, MSPa, MCP‐3, MCP‐4 and OPN. Of them, some had significant correlation with DESS scores. There is a disease‐specific profile of inflammatory mediators in COPD and AECOPD patients which may have a potential diagnostics together with clinical informatics of patients. Our preliminary study suggested that integration of proteomics with clinical informatics can be a new way to validate and optimize disease‐special biomarkers.
Angiostatic kinase inhibitors to sustain photodynamic angio‐occlusion
Authors: Nowak‐Sliwinska Patrycja , Weiss Andrea , Beijnum Judy R. van , Wong Tse J. , Ballini Jean‐Pierre , Lovisa Blaise , van den Bergh Hubert , Griffioen Arjan W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTargeted angiostatic therapy receives major attention for the treatment of cancer and exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an effective clinical approach for these diseases. As PDT can cause an angiogenic response in the treated tissue, combination of PDT with anti‐angiogenic compounds should lead to improved therapy. This study was undertaken to test the clinically used small molecule kinase inhibitors Nexavar® (sorafenib), Tarceva® (erlotinib) and Sutent® (sunitinib) for this purpose, and to compare the results to the combination of Visudyne®‐PDT with Avastin® (bevacizumab) treatment. When topically applied to the chicken chorioallantoic membrane at embryo development day (EDD) 7, a clear inhibition of blood vessel development was observed, with sorafenib being most efficient. To investigate the combination with phototherapy, Visudyne®‐PDT was first applied on EDD11 to close all <100 μm vessels. Application of angiostatics after PDT resulted in a significant decrease in vessel regrowth in terms of reduced vessel density and number of branching points/mm2. As the 50% effective dose (ED50) for all compounds was approximately 10‐fold lower, Sorafenib outperformed the other compounds. In vitro, all kinase inhibitors decreased the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sunitinib convincingly inhibited the in vitro migration of endothelial cells. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of these compounds for application in combination with PDT in anti‐cancer approaches, and possibly also in the treatment of other diseases where angiogenesis plays an important role.
Intimate partner violence and its association with pregnancy loss and pregnancy planning
Authors: STÖCKL HEIDI , HERTLEIN LINDA , HIMSL ISABELLE , DELIUS MARIA , HASBARGEN UWE , FRIESE KLAUS , STÖCKL DORIS 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective. To examine the effect of physical partner violence on pregnancy loss and unplanned pregnancy. Design. Cross‐sectional, self‐reported questionnaire survey. Setting. A maternity ward of a university hospital in Munich, Germany. Sample. Women who gave birth within the previous seven days. Methods. The effects of physical partner violence on pregnancy loss and unplanned pregnancy were estimated using descriptive statistics based on χ2 tests, bivariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression. Main Outcome Measures. Physical partner violence was assessed using the Abuse Assessment Screen, information on pregnancy loss was derived from women's medical files and the assessment of pregnancy planning was based on women's self‐reports. Results. The survey had a response rate of 73%; 29% of the women experienced pregnancy loss, 13% reported that their last pregnancy was unplanned and 4% revealed physical violence by a current or previous partner. Physical partner violence was significantly associated with pregnancy loss (odds ratio 8.33, 95% confidence interval 2.01–34.59) and unplanned last pregnancy (odds ratio 5.03, 95% confidence interval 1.21–21.26), even after adjusting for other commonly known explanatory factors, such as number of children, women's age and women's and their partners’ education level and employment, marital status, financial situation and support during pregnancy. Conclusions. Physical partner violence is an important factor in understanding pregnancy loss and unplanned pregnancy. Inquiring about the existence of intimate partner violence among these women might help to identify women in need of domestic violence services.
Impact of clinical status and salivary conditions on xerostomia and oral health‐related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Busato Ivana Maria Saes , Ignácio Sérgio Aparecido , Brancher João Armando , Moysés Simone Tetu , Azevedo‐Alanis Luciana Reis 
Published: September 2011

Busato IMS, Ignácio SA, Brancher JA, Moysés ST, Azevedo‐Alanis LR. Impact of clinical status and salivary conditions on xerostomia and oral health‐related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 62–69. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives: To investigate the influence of clinical status and salivary conditions on the presence of xerostomia on adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), and further to investigate the influence of clinical status, salivary conditions and xerostomia on oral health‐related quality of life (OHQoL) of those with DM1. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed on 102 adolescents, 51 with DM1 and 51 nondiabetics. Xerostomia was detected by asking a question about the sensation of having ‘dry mouth’, and Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 was used to measure the impact of xerostomia on OHQoL. The clinical status was assessed by using decayed, missing or filled and Community Periodontal indices, and by evaluating oral manifestations; and the following salivary conditions were evaluated: stimulated salivary flow, pH, buffer capacity, total protein, amylase, urea, calcium, and glucose salivary concentrations. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of clinical status and salivary conditions on xerostomia and the impact of xerostomia on the OHQoL of adolescents with DM1. Results: Clinical status and salivary conditions was shown to have no influence on the presence of xerostomia. Bivariate (P = 0.00) and logistic regression (P = 0.01) analysis showed a significant association between DM1 and xerostomia. Logistic regression analysis showed association between xerostomia (P = 0.00) and OHQoL, and caries experience (P = 0.03) and OHQoL. Conclusions: DM1 showed to be predictive of a high prevalence of xerostomia in adolescents. Caries experience and xerostomia showed to have a negative impact on the OHQoL of adolescents with DM1.