bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐dimensional fluorescence as a fingerprinting tool for monitoring wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Galinha Claudia F. , Carvalho Gilda , Portugal Carla A. M. , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Reis Maria A. M. , Crespo João G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The use of two‐dimensional (2D) fluorescence for monitoring complex biological systems requires careful assessment of the effect of chemical species present, which may be fluorescent and/or may interfere with the fluorescence response of target fluorophores. Given the complexity of fluorescence data (excitation emission matrices—EEMs), the challenge is how to recover the information embedded into those EEMs that can be related quantitatively with the observed performance of the biological processes under study.RESULTS: This work shows clearly that interference effects (such as quenching and inner filter effects) occur due to the presence of multiple species in complex biological media, such as natural water matrices, wastewaters and activated sludge. A statistical multivariate analysis is proposed to recover quantitative information from 2D fluorescence data, correlating EEMs with the observed performance. A selected case study is discussed, where 2D fluorescence spectra obtained from the effluent of a membrane bioreactor were compressed using PARAFAC and successfully correlated with the effluent chemical oxygen demand, using projection to latent structures modelling.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential of using 2D fluorescence spectroscopy as a status fingerprint. Additionally, it is shown how statistical multivariate data analysis can be used to correlate EEMs with selected performance parameters for monitoring of biological systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Reactions of 2‐(diformylmethylidene)‐3,3‐dimethylindole with hydrazides: Synthesis of new pyrazolylindolenine derivatives—the unprecedented one‐pot pyrazole–thiadiazole double annulation
Authors: Khaledi Hamid , Ali Hapipah Mohd , Thomas Noel Francis , Ng Seik Weng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of new pyrazolylindolenine derivatives has been synthesized through the reaction of 2‐(diformylmethylidene)‐3,3‐dimethylindole (diformyl), prepared by the Vilsmeier reaction, with six different hydrazides. Although the reaction of p‐toluenesulfonylhydrazide and S‐benzyldithiocarbazide with diformyl yielded the expected pyrazolylindolenines as the sole products, the initial products of the reactions of diformyl with semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, and carbohydrazide underwent cleavage. The reaction of diformyl with thiocarbohydrazide resulted in a unique one‐pot formation of pyrazole and thiadiazole rings, conjugated with the indolenine component. The solid state structures of these heterocycles were established by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Test–retest reliability of arterial spin labeling with common labeling strategies
Authors: Chen Yufen , Wang Danny J.J. , Detre John A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurposeTo compare the test–retest reproducibility of three variants of arterial spin labeling (ASL): pseudo‐continuous (pCASL), pulsed (PASL) and continuous (CASL).Materials and MethodsTwelve healthy subjects were scanned on a 3.0T scanner with PASL, CASL, and pCASL. Scans were repeated within‐session, after 1 hour, and after 1 week to assess reproducibility at different scan intervals.ResultsComparison of within‐subject coefficients of variation (wsCV) demonstrated high within‐session reproducibility (ie, low wsCV) for CASL‐based methods (gray matter [GM] wsCV for pCASL: 3.5% ± 0.02%, CASL: 4.1% ± 0.07%) compared to PASL (wsCV: 7.5% ± 0.06%), due to the higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) associated with continuous labeling, evident in the 20% gain in temporal SNR and 58% gain in raw SNR for pCASL relative to PASL. At the 1‐week scan interval, comparable reproducibility between PASL (GM wsCV 9.2% ± 0.12%) and pCASL (GM wsCV 8.5% ± 0.14%) was observed, indicating the dominance of physiological fluctuations.ConclusionAlthough all three approaches are capable of measuring cerebral blood flow within a few minutes of scanning, the high precision and SNR of pCASL, with its insensitivity to vessel geometry, make it an appealing method for future ASL application studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:940–949. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional atrophy of the basal ganglia and thalamus in idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Du Hanjian , Zhang Yuanchao , Xie Bing , Wu Nan , Wu Guocai , Wang Jian , Jiang Tianzi , Feng Hua 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurposeTo determine the regional changes in the shapes of subcortical structures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy using a vertex‐based analysis method. Earlier studies found that gray matter volume in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes is significantly altered in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Research has indicated that a relationship exists between the brain's subcortical structures and epilepsy. However, little is known about possible changes in the subcortical structures in IGE.Materials and MethodsThis study aims to determine the changes in the shape of subcortical structures in IGE using vertex analysis. Fourteen male patients with IGE and 28 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included in this study, which used high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging. We performed a vertex‐based shape analysis, in which we compared patients with IGE with the controls, on the subcortical structures that we had obtained from the MRI data.ResultsStatistical analysis showed significant regional atrophy in the left thalamus, left putamen and bilateral globus pallidus in patients with IGE.ConclusionThese results indicate that regional atrophy of the basal ganglia and the thalamus may be related to seizure disorder. In the future, these findings may prove useful for choosing new therapeutic regimens. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:817–821. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast T2*‐weighted MRI of the prostate at 3 tesla
Authors: Hardman Rulon L. , El‐Merhi Fadi , Jung Adam J. , Ware Steve , Thompson Ian M. , Friel Harry T. , Peng Qi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose:To describe a rapid T2*‐weighted (T2*W), three‐dimensional (3D) echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence and its application in mapping local magnetic susceptibility variations in 3 Tesla (T) prostate MRI. To compare the sensitivity of T2*W EPI with routinely used T1‐weighted turbo‐spin echo sequence (T1W TSE) in detecting hemorrhage and the implications on sequences sensitive to field inhomogeneities such as MR spectroscopy (MRS).Materials and Methods:B0 susceptibility weighted mapping was performed using a 3D EPI sequence featuring a 2D spatial excitation pulse with gradients of spiral k‐space trajectory. A series of 11 subjects were imaged using 3T MRI and combination endorectal (ER) and six‐channel phased array cardiac coils. T1W TSE and T2*W EPI sequences were analyzed quantitatively for hemorrhage contrast. Point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS MRS) was performed and data quality was analyzed.Results:Two types of susceptibility variation were identified: hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic T2*W‐positive areas. Post‐biopsy hemorrhage lesions showed on average five times greater contrast on the T2*W images than T1W TSE images. Six nonhemorrhage regions of severe susceptibility artifact were apparent on the T2*W images that were not seen on standard T1W or T2W images. All nonhemorrhagic susceptibility artifact regions demonstrated compromised spectral quality on 3D MRS.Conclusion:The fast T2*W EPI sequence identifies hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic areas of susceptibility variation that may be helpful in prostate MRI planning at 3.0T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:902–907. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal oxygenation changes during water loading as evaluated by BOLD MRI: Effect of NOS inhibition
Authors: Haque Muhammad , Franklin Tammy , Prasad Pottumarthi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose:To demonstrate a possible role for endogenous release of nitric oxide in determining the response of water loading on intrarenal oxygenation as evaluated by blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and Methods:Twelve Sprague Dawley rats (weight 344.9 ± 40.6 g) were equally divided into two groups, A and B. Water loading was implemented by continuous infusion of hypotonic saline containing glucose (0.25% NaCl, 0.5% glucose). Rats in group A were subject to water loading alone, while group B rats were dosed with N‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester, (L‐NAME) (10.0 mg/kg) prior to water loading. T2*‐weighted images of the kidneys were obtained on a Siemens 3T Verio MRI scanner using a multiple gradient recalled echo (mGRE) sequence.Results:Consistent with previous reports, group A exhibited a significant decrease in medullary R2* during water loading (40.64 ± 1.10 s−1 to 34.68 ± 1.49 s−1, P < 0.05). On the other hand, in group B there was no decrease in R2* during water loading (48.11 ± 2.38 s−1 to 51.06 ± 2.18 s−1). The increased prewater loading R2* is due to the pretreatment with L‐NAME (40.82 ± 3.23 s−1 to 48.11 ± 2.38 s−1, P < 0.05).Conclusion:Our data suggest for the first time a role for endogenous nitric oxide in determining the response of renal medullary oxygenation to water loading. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:898–901. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
7 tesla MRI of microbleeds and white matter lesions as seen in vascular dementia
Authors: Theysohn Jens M. , Kraff Oliver , Maderwald Stefan , Barth Markus , Ladd Susanne C. , Forsting Michael , Ladd Mark E. , Gizewski Elke R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate 7T MRI in the assessment of cerebrovascular alterations as seen in vascular dementia by means of detection of cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and depiction of white matter lesions (WML). 7T imaging was evaluated with respect to 1.5T.Materials and Methods:Ten healthy volunteers and 10 patients with CMBs and/or WMLs were examined at 1.5T and 7T using gradient‐echo (T2*, SWI) and turbo‐spin‐echo sequences (FLAIR). Comparisons of image quality, CMB and WML detection rates between sequences and field strengths were performed.Results:Using high‐resolution SWI at 7T 129 CMBs were detected compared to 75 at 1.5T using clinical SWI. With T2* at 7T 101 CMBs could be detected (33 CMBs at 1.5T). Lesion sizes were significantly larger for higher field strength. FLAIR images at 7T highlighted WMLs known from 1.5T with comparable extent. Gray and white matter contrast in FLAIR was slightly better at 1.5T, whereas image resolution and contrast of the WMLs to surrounding tissue was higher at 7T.Conclusion:By means of higher sensitivity for CMBs, 7T (SWI, T2*) might have significant impact on the early detection, diagnosis, and optimized antithrombotic therapy of cerebrovascular patients (eg, vascular dementia) in the future. Given the current state of technical development, 7T is approximately on par with 1.5T in the depiction of WMLs and their distribution, but holds the potential for future improvements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:782–791. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Posterior hypoperfusion in parkinson's disease With and without dementia measured with arterial spin labeling MRI
Authors: Kamagata Koji , Motoi Yumiko , Hori Masaaki , Suzuki Michimasa , Nakanishi Atsushi , Shimoji Keigo , Kyougoku Shinsuke , Kuwatsuru Ryohei , Sasai Keisuke , Abe Osamu , Mizuno Yoshikuni , Aoki Shigeki , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose:To determine whether quantitative arterial spin labeling (ASL) can be used to evaluate regional cerebral blood flow in Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and without dementia (PD).Materials and Methods:Thirty‐five PD patients, 11 PDD patients, and 35 normal controls were scanned by using a quantitative ASL method with a 3 Tesla MRI unit. Regional cerebral blood flow was compared in the posterior cortex using region‐of‐interest analysis.Results:PD and PDD patients showed lower regional cerebral blood flow in the posterior cortex than normal controls (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively, analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc test).Conclusion:This is the first study to detect hypoperfusion in the posterior cortex in PD and PDD patients using ASL perfusion MRI. Because ASL perfusion MRI is completely noninvasive and can, therefore, safely be used for repeated assessments, this method can be used to monitor treatment effects or disease progression in PD. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:803–807. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between hip bone mineral density and lumbar disc degeneration: A study in elderly subjects using an eight‐level MRI‐based disc degeneration grading system
Authors: Wang Yi‐Xiang J. , Kwok Anthony W.L. , Griffith James F. , Leung Jason C.S. , Ma Heather T. , Ahuja Anil T. , Leung Ping Chung 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose:To study the relationship between hip bone mineral density (BMD), lumbar disc degeneration, and lumbar disc space narrowing in elderly subjects.Materials and Methods:The study cohort comprised 196 females and 163 males (age range, 67–89 years) with no age difference between the two groups. Anteroposterior total hip areal BMD was measured with DXA and lumbar spine MRI was acquired using a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Lumbar disc degeneration was assessed using an eight‐level grading system wherein each grade represents a stepwise progression from normal disc to severe disc degeneration and disc space narrowing.Results:After controlling for the age effect, no significant relationship was observed between total hip T‐score status and severity of disc degeneration. There was no significant difference in total hip BMD in the subjects with or without the disc space narrowing (P < 0.05). Female subjects are more likely to have a narrowed disc space than males at all levels, and being statistically significant at L3/4 and L4/5 levels, and with an overall significance of P = 0.007.Conclusion:There was no association observed between hip BMD and lumbar disc degeneration. Elderly females were more likely to have a narrowed lumbar disc space than elderly males. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:916–920. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demography and disappearing merchandise: How older workforces influence retail shrinkage
Authors: Avery Derek R. , Mckay Patrick F. , Hunter Emily M. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryPrior research on retail shrinkage has taken a largely individual‐level approach to theorizing about why it occurs, showing that older employees are less prone to theft and more vigilant in preventing customer shoplifting than younger personnel. However, given the influence of organizational contexts on organizational behavior, theorizing about shrinkage may be enhanced by the consideration of business‐unit level contextual variables. The present study addressed this concern by examining the relationship between store‐level age composition, whistle‐blowing (WB) climate, and shrinkage in 726 retail stores. Results indicated that the negative mean age–shrinkage relationship was stronger when there was less age diversity or a climate more supportive of WB. Moreover, the negative WB climate–shrinkage linkage was stronger when the mean age was higher. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracorporeal shock wave‐induced proliferation of periosteal cells
Authors: Kearney Cathal J. , Lee Ji Yoo , Padera Robert F. , Hsu Hu‐Ping , Spector Myron 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe cambium cells of the periosteum are an important cell source for select tissue engineering/regenerative medicine applications due to their osteogenic and chondrogenic potential. However, the cambium layer is only 2–5 cells thick, which complicates its harvest, and the low cell number limits its suitability for certain applications. Extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs) have been reported to cause periosteal osteogenesis following cambium layer thickening. This study quantified the proliferation of cambium cells in the femur and tibia of adult rats following ESW treatment at two different energy flux densities. Four days after application of ESWs, there was a significant (3‐ to 6‐fold) increase in cambium layer thickness and cell number. Proliferation was seen with an energy flux density as low as 0.15 mJ/mm2. The tibial cambium cells were more proliferative than those of the femur, with the cells closest to the ESW source proliferating the most. Within the thickened periosteum, α‐smooth muscle actin and von Willebrand Factor expression were upregulated, suggesting a vascular role in ESW osteogenesis. Bone formation was seen within the stimulated periosteum at day 4. We propose that non‐invasive ESWs can be used to rapidly stimulate cambium cell proliferation, providing a larger cell population for use as a progenitor cell source for tissue engineering applications, than can normally be provided by periosteum. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1536–1543, 2011
Differential effects of nicotine and tobacco smoke condensate on human annulus fibrosus cell metabolism
Authors: Vo Nam , Wang Dong , Sowa Gwendolyn , Witt William , Ngo Kevin , Coelho Paulo , Bedison Ronald , Byer Barbara , Studer Rebecca , Lee Joon , Di Y. Peter , Kang James 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTobacco smoking increases the risk of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and back pain, but the mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of smoking are largely unknown. Current hypotheses predict that smoking contributes to IDD indirectly through nicotine‐mediated vasoconstriction which limits the exchange of nutrients between the discs and their surroundings. We alternatively hypothesize that direct contact of disc cells, that is, cells in the outermost annulus and those present along fissures in degenerating discs, with the vascular system containing soluble tobacco smoking constituents could perturb normal metabolic activities resulting in IDD. In this study, we tested our hypothesis by comparing the effects of direct exposure of human disc cells to tobacco smoke condensate and nicotine on cell viability and metabolic activity. We showed that smoke condensate, which contains all of the water‐soluble compounds inhaled by smokers, exerts greater detrimental effects on human disc cell viability and metabolism than nicotine. Smoke condensate greatly induced an inflammatory response and gene expression of metalloproteinases while reduced active matrix synthesis and expression of matrix structural genes. Therefore, we have demonstrated that disc cell exposure to the constituents of tobacco smoke has negative consequences which have the potential to alter disc matrix homeostasis. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1585–1591, 2011
The impact of research synthesis methods on industrial–organizational psychology: The road from pessimism to optimism about cumulative knowledge
Authors: DeGeest David S. , Schmidt Frank L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an account of the impact that research synthesis methods, in the form of psychometric meta‐analysis, has had on industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology. This paper outlines the central contributions of psychometric meta‐analysis in providing a method for developing cumulative knowledge. First, this paper describes the concerns and the state of the field before the development of meta‐analytic methods. Second, the paper explains how meta‐analysis addressed these concerns. Third, the paper details the development of psychometric meta‐analysis through VG research and describes how the use of psychometric meta‐analysis spread to other topic areas in the field. Finally, the paper presents illustrative example literatures, such as training and leadership, where meta‐analysis had crucial impacts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with marked enhancement on arterial‐phase computed tomography reflects favorable surgical outcomes
Authors: Ariizumi Shun‐Ichi , Kotera Yoshihito , Takahashi Yutaka , Katagiri Satoshi , Chen I‐Pei , Ota Takehiro , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes after hepatectomy in patients with mass‐forming (MF) type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with marked enhancement within the tumor on arterial‐phase computed tomography (CT) scans have not been clarified in detail.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 140 patients with MF type ICC who underwent hepatectomy from 1989 through 2008. Surgical outcomes were compared between 25 patients with MF type ICC with marked enhancement within the tumor (hypervascular ICC) and 109 patients without enhancement within the tumor (hypovascular ICC) on arterial‐phase CT scans.ResultsPortal invasion and intrahepatic metastasis were significantly lower in patients with hypervascular ICC than in those with hypovascular ICC. The 5‐year survival rate was significantly higher in patients with hypervascular ICC (86%) than in patients with hypovascular ICC (27%, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed hypervascular ICC on arterial‐phase CT scans, normal level of cancer‐associated carbohydrate antigen 19‐9, absence of portal invasion, and absence of intrahepatic metastasis of ICC to be significant independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with MF type ICC.ConclusionsMF type ICC with marked enhancement within the tumor on arterial CT scans showed a favorable surgical outcome due to its less invasive histopathologic characteristics in patients with MF type ICC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:130–139. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Handling stress of female common eiders during avian cholera outbreaks
Authors: Buttler E. Isabel , Gilchrist H. Grant , Descamps Sébastien , Forbes Mark R. , Soos Catherine 
Published: March 2011

AbstractResearchers often consider the importance of minimizing holding time during research activities; however, the long‐term costs of such handling stress is rarely measured explicitly. As part of an ongoing study of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) at a breeding colony in East Bay, Southampton Island, Nunavut, we recorded duration of restraint for females captured during avian cholera epizootics (2007 and 2008) and monitored female fates (breeding probability, onset of laying, and survival) relative to holding time. Probability of death increased with holding time in 2007 from an estimated 0.05 for females held 20 min to 0.33 for females held for 150 min. In 2008, we responded by limiting holding time to <90 min and mortality was no longer positively correlated with holding time, although total mortality was greater due to increased severity of avian cholera. In both years, longer restraint durations delayed onset of egg‐laying after capture by 0.5 days for each 10 min of additional restraint but did not prevent breeding. This delay of nest initiation did not enhance survival probability. Our results show that prolonged holding time can exacerbate mortality during epizootics and emphasize the importance of minimizing restraint time in wild birds, especially in the presence of diseases. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.