bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF ENGRAVER BEETLES (SCOLYTIDAE: IPS SPECIES) ON MONTEREY PINES INFECTED WITH PITCH CANKER
Authors: Fox Joseph W. , Wood David L. , Koehler Carlton S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPitch canker, caused by Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenw. and Reink.) Nelson, Toussoun, and Marasas, a pine pathogen recently identified in California, may increase the distribution and abundance of Ips spp. on Monterey pines in Santa Cruz Co., CA. In all pine stands, Ips spp. tunneled into healthy branches and boles. Ips mexicanus (Hopkins) was the most abundant engraver beetle observed, followed by I. paraconfusus Lanier; I. plastographus (LeConte) was rare. Ips mexicanus was routinely captured in traps baited with racemic I. paraconfusus pheromone. During die winter, I. mexicanus excavated mass feeding cavities in shade-suppressed branches. In uninfected stands, 3% of the trees and only 0.3% of the branches were mass-attacked. In severely infected stands, 47% of the top one-third of the trees, 3% of all branches, and 91% of the branches declining due to infection by F. subglutinans were mass-attacked by Ips spp. On pitch canker-infected trees, I. mexicanus attacked cones and stems <1 cm in diameter. Sixty percent of the attacks on logs occurred inside or within 5 cm of the area covered with pitch canker-induced resin. When confined with logs, 45% of I. paraconfusus tunneled in or near pitch canker-induced resinous areas,21% near fresh chisel wounds, and 19% near resinous material produced by the Sequoia pitch moth. Synanthedon sequoiae (Hy. Edwards).
ROLE OF 2,4-DIHYDROXY-7-METHOXY-1,4-BENZOXAZIN-3-ONE (DIMBOA) IN THE RESISTANCE OF MAIZE TO WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Xie Y.S. , Arnason J.T. , Philogène B.J.R. , Lambert J.D.H. , Atkinson J. , Morand P. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), the major hydroxamic acid present in corn root, was studied for its effects on western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte). Exogenously applied DIMBOA caused mortality in western corn rootworm larvae feeding on fresh corn roots. The LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) value (fiducial limits) was 153 ppm (108–209) and the LC90 value was 917 ppm (560–2297). The deleterious effects of DIMBOA on western corn rootworm larvae possibly are due to both feeding deterrence and toxicity. In a replicated pot trial during two growing seasons, two corn lines developed by Agriculture Canada from CIMMYT collections, ITR 3872 with high DIMBOA content in roots, and NTR-2 Ger. 4042 with low DIMBOA content in roots, were evaluated for resistance to western corn rootworm larvae. The results indicated that the high DIMBOA line (but not the low DIMBOA line) stressed western corn rootworm larvae to produce inferior adults based on the measurement of adult emergence number, adult weight, and adult head-capsule width. The effect of western corn rootworm on both corn lines with different DIMBOA levels was measured based on plant growth parameters including plant height, stem thickness, plant fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant dry weight, and root dry weight. ITR 3872 (high DIMBOA) showed significantly less damage than NTR-2 Ger. 4042 (low DIMBOA) in almost all plant parameters measured. The results suggest that DIMBOA may in some instances contribute to the resistance of corn to western corn rootworm larvae.
THE GREEN APPLE APHID,APHIS POMIDEGEER (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), AS PREY OF POLYPHAGOUS ARTHROPOD PREDATORS IN ONTARIO
Authors: Hagley Elmer A.C. , Allen W.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn Ontario several species of polyphagous arthropods consumed nymphs and apterous adults of the green apple aphid,Aphis pomiDeGeer, as determined by serological assays and feeding trials. The most abundant predators on apple tree foliage were the reduviidAcholla multispinosaL., the miridCampylomma verbasci(Meyer), the coccinellidsCoccinella septempunctataL. andAdalia bipunctataL., and coccinellid and chrysopid larvae. An efficacy index developed to assess the effectiveness of foliage-inhabiting predators indicated that those with the greatest potential wereChrysopalarvae and adultC.septempunctatain 1987, and adultC.septempunctataandC.verbasciin 1988. The earwig,Forficula auriculariaL., showed potential as a predator ofA.pomiin 1989. Of the epigeal arthropods tested, the carabidsAmara aeneaDeGeer,Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositumL., andHarpalus aeneusF., and the antsFormica fuscagroup,Myrmica ameryanaForel, andM.monticolaWheeler were the most active feeders onA.pomi.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF PENICILLATE DIPLOPODS OF THE FAMILY POLYXENIDAE (DIPLOPODA: PENICILLATA) FROM CHINA
Authors: Ishii Kiyoshi , Liang Lairong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA fifth species of the genus Eudigraphis, E. sinensis sp.nov., and a third species of the shinoharai group of the genus Polyxenus, P. hangzhoensis sp.nov., are described, representing the first records of penicillate diplopods from China.
A NEW SPECIES OFCOLIAS(LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) FROM ARCTIC CANADA
Authors: Troubridge James T. , Philip Kenelm W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new species,Colias johanseni, is described. This species has male androconia similar toColias meadiiEdwards, 1871, and many palaearctic, neotropical, and ethiopian species, but the wing pattern is generally similar to that ofColias heclaLefèbvre, 1836. Thus far, it has been found only on dry tundra at Bernard Harbour, N.W.T., Canada.
THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF HOMASPIS (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE, CTENOPELMATINAE)
Authors: Barron John R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Nearctic species of the genus Homaspis Foerster, parasites of various species of sawflies on coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs, were revised. There are 10 species of which seven were described as new. These were placed in three species groups as follows: the areolatus group including H. areolatus and H. petiolatus spp.nov.; the cristatus group including H. cristatus and H. pectinatus spp.nov.; and the interruptus group, including H. interruptus (Provancher), H. slossonae Cushman, H. brevis sp.nov., H. cephalciae sp.nov., H. albipes Davis, and H. cavatus sp.nov. Relationships of the species groups were discussed.
THE RESPONSE OF FLAX TO DIFFERENT POPULATION DENSITIES OF THE RED-BACKED CUTWORM, EUXOA OCHROGASTER (GN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Ayre G.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractControlled field studies carried out in plots within a field of NorMan flax, Linum usitatissum L., showed that the loss of flax plants caused by the red-backed cutworm was proportional to the number of cutworm larvae present. A density of 16 larvae per 0.5 m2 destroyed most plants by severing the plant stems at the soil surface. The loss of only some plants at larval densities lower than 16 larvae per 0.5 m2 resulted in a small but significant increase in per plant yield but the increase did not completely compensate for the yield reductions caused by plant loss. The larvae removed plants in blocks with the result that the density of the remaining plants was unchanged and the opportunity for compensating plant growth was limited. An equation defining this relationship between larval densities and yield is presented. Ancillary experiments in which the population of cutworm larvae was sequentially sampled showed that, after an initial loss of about 20% when the plots were established in the field, the larval population remained constant. The proportion of the larvae found around damaged plants also remained constant until the larvae became immobile through preparation for pupation. Because of this stable relationship, reliable estimates of potential crop loss from cutworm larvae in flax should be possible by sampling for cutworms only around damaged plants within a specified row length.
RESPONSES OF MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS TO SEX PHEROMONE RELEASED FROM FILTER PAPER AND RUBBER SEPTA
Authors: Sanders C.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe behavioral responses of male spruce budworm moths to a wide range of loadings of synthetic sex pheromone on filter paper and rubber septa were investigated in a wind tunnel. The highest proportion of males flying upwind and reaching filter-paper dispensers occurred at pheromone loadings of between 0.1 and 10 μg. Above these loadings, males were activated but upwind flight was arrested before the moths reached the pheromone source. No such arrestment occurred with rubber septa up to the maximum loading assayed, 1 mg. Up to 72% of the males that reached a septum attempted to copulate with it, but even this response was less than that to a septum in the presence of pheromone emitted by females. This confirms previous conclusions that the synthetic pheromone blend used here, 95:5 (E:Z-11-tetradecenal) is incomplete.
THE USE OF MONOTERPENES AS KAIROMONES BY IPS LATIDENS (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Miller D.R. , Borden J.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe responses of Ips latidens (LeConte) to multiple-funnel traps baited with various monoterpenes were determined in stands of lodgepole pine in British Columbia. β-Phellandrene was attractive to I. latidens in the absence of the pheromone ipsenol. β-Phellandrene increased the attraction of I. latidens to ipsenol-baited traps while α-pinene, 3-carene, terpinolene, and myrcene reduced trap catches. Differential responses by males and females to sources of ipsenol with or without β-phellandrene suggest that the information conveyed to males differs from that conveyed to females. Species-specific responses to monoterpenes by I. latidens and three sympatric species of scolytids suggest that unique combinations of kairomones could be important in facilitating matings with conspecifics. Pheromones need not be the sole constituent of species-specific chemical messages.
VIRULENCE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE–BACTERIA COMPLEXES FOR LARVAE OF NOCTUIDS, A GEOMETRID, AND A PYRALID
Authors: Morris O.N. , Converse V. , Harding J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNine entomopathogenic nematode–bacteria complexes were screened for their virulence against larvae of six noctuids, a geometrid, and a pyralid. Ninety-six-hour LD50’s of steinernematids (and heterorhabditids) ranged from 1 to 3 (1–8) infective juveniles inGalleria mellonella(L.), 1–71 (2) inPeridroma soucia(Hbn.), 1–10 (1–3) inMamestra configurata(Wlk.), 1–28 (3–7) inEuxoa ochrogaster(Gn.), 19 inLacanobia radix(Wlk.), 22–60 (4) inPseudaletia unipuncta(Haw.), 2–95 (111) inAgrotis ipsilon(Hufn.), and 3–28 inPaleacrita vernata(Peck). The nematode,Steinernema feltiaeLIC, a cold-hardy strain isolated in Newfoundland, was highly virulent forG.mellonellaandM.configurata, but not forP.souciaandE.ochrogaster. The number of nematodes invading larvae and the number produced were greater inG.mellonellathan in other insects tested. Nematode–bacteria complexes that showed potential for controlling cutworms includedS.feltiae,S.glaseri,S.bibionis,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, andH.heliothidis.
VERTICAL GROWTH RESPONSE OF PONDEROSA PINE INFESTED BY WESTERN PINE SHOOT BORER, EUCOSMA SONOMANA KEARFOTT (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Thier R.W. , Marsden M.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIncidence of the western pine shoot borer, Eucosma sonomana Kearfott, and tree growth measurements from 5687 ponderosa pines, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., were recorded in the Calf Pen plantation Payette National Forest, ID. The percentage of trees infested by shoot borer generally increased as tree height increased.Infestation of the tree’s leader usually resulted in reduced height growth especially where needle length was shortened in the leader. Height growth of infested leaders was less than uninfested leaders. This difference in height growth increased with the total height of the tree as measured in the previous year.
EFFECTS OF SEMIOCHEMICAL BAITING ON THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF FELLED AND UNFELLED LETHAL TRAP TREES FOR SPRUCE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (KIRBY) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), MANAGEMENT IN AREAS OF HIGH AND LOW BEETLE POPULATIONS
Authors: Gray D.R. , Holsten E. , Pascuzzo M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA two by two factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design tested single and combined effects of tree felling and semiochemical baiting on the attractiveness of spruce (Picea spp.) trees treated with monosodium methanearsenate (MSMA) to Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) in British Columbia and Alaska. In British Columbia, tree felling and semiochemical baiting had significant effects on attack density, but in Alaska only tree felling had a significant effect. Semiochemical baiting had a significant effect on within-tree attack distribution in British Columbia but cot in Alaska, regardless of the felling treatment. The felled treatment captured more beetles than the not-felled treatment regardless of the baiting treatment in British Columbia, but only in the absence of a semiochemical bait in Alaska. The differences between the two locations may have been caused by lower temperatures and beetle population density in Alaska. Effective spruce beetle management with MSMA-treated trees requires tree felling, and beetle capture can be improved with the use of a semiochemical bait.
THE EFFECT OF THE FUNGI CERATOCYSTIS MINOR (HEDGECOCK) HUNT, CERATOCYSTIS MINOR (HEDGECOCK) HUNT VAR. BARRASII TAYLOR, AND SJB 122 ON REPRODUCTION OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Goldhammer David S. , Stephen Frederick M. , Paine Timothy D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, was studied in the laboratory to determine the influence of associated fungi on its reproduction. First-generation (P) surface-sterilized beetles associated with mycangial fungi (Ceratocystis minor [Hedgecock] Hunt var. barrasii Taylor or SJB 122) constructed more galleries and laid more eggs, at faster rates, than P beetles not associated with these mycangial fungi. No significant differences occurred among non-surface-sterilized P beetles associated with the phoretic blue staining fungus Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt and mycangial fungi or among progeny of P beetles (F1 generation) carrying mycangial fungi. P and F1 surface-sterilized beetles produced more eggs at a greater density than non-surface-sterilized beetles associated with blue stain, but gallery length and the rate of construction were not different. P and F1 surface-sterilized beetles laid more eggs and constructed galleries faster than surface-sterilized beetles that carried no mycangial fungi. The re-emergence rate of beetles was fastest for P beetles associated with C. minor and significantly slower for fungus-free P beetles, P beetles carrying only mycangial fungi, and F1 beetles, respectively. The F1 generation emerged fastest when associated with both mycangial fungi and slowest when associated with SJB 122, and C. minor var. barrasii or no fungus, respectively. This study employed a successful new rearing technique for isolating specific southern pine beetle/fungal associations.
DISPERSAL OF TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (OLIVIER) WITHIN A VALLEY SETTING
Authors: Salom S.M. , McLean J.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA mark–recapture study examined Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) spring flight dispersal in a coastal forested valley in British Columbia. Pheromone-baited traps were placed throughout the valley in five separate experiments. Recapture patterns of marked beetles were related to weather, topography, vegetative cover, and source of attractants.Wind direction within the forest setting, 350 m from the closest open site, was quite variable with a beetle recapture pattern mat was non-directional. At a forest setting less than 50 m from an open site and road, diurnal up-valley winds resulted in an upwind beetle recapture pattern at 25 m from the release site. Beetles were recaptured at distances as far as 1.9 km downwind and 1 km upwind from the release site. Most beetles were recaptured within 2 h of release at distances up to 50 m. In traps at distances of 350–700 m, similar numbers of beetles were recaptured on the day of release as were recaptured during the following week. At distances greater than 1 km, almost all beetles took longer than 1 day to be recaptured.
TRAPPING EVALUATION OF BEETLE VECTORS OF BLACK STAIN ROOT DISEASE IN DOUGLAS FIR
Authors: Bedard William D. , Ferrell George T. , Whitmore Mark C. , Robertson Allen S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe performance of unbaited emergence traps and attractant-baited pitfall and flight traps was compared on the basis of suitability to produce population indices for two beetles, Steremnius carinatus (Boheman) and Hylastes nigrinus (Mannerheim), colonizing roots of Douglas fir in northern California. These beetles transmit Ceratocystis wageneri Goheen and Cobb, the fungus causing black stain root disease in Douglas fir. Trap sites were near stumps along transect lines through recently logged areas. Pitfall traps were judged the most promising for both species based on their relatively high catches and low expense. Although catch by emergence traps was low for both species, they appeared to catch the majority of S. carinatus. For both species, pitfall trap catches varied with date, study area, trapping line within study area, and stump within line. A number of variables, such as diameter of stump or type of ground cover, were significantly correlated with trap catch, and made significant contributions to linear models with catch as the dependent variable. Differences between study areas in the effect of variables on catch, and the possibility that pitfall trapping is subject to artifacts, suggested that the results of pitfall trapping need to be carefully scrutinized if they are to be used as a population index.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON CULTIVARS OF FIELD PEAS IN MANITOBA AND ITS EFFECTS ON PEA GROWTH AND YIELD
Authors: Soroka J.J. , Mackay P.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPopulations of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were sampled through the summer of 1984 on five cultivars and in 1985 and 1986 on six cultivars of field peas, Pisum sativum L., grown in field plots in southern Manitoba. Patterns of pea aphid population growth were generally similar among cultivars in any one year. Aphid populations on all cultivars in all years remained relatively low until mid-July, then increased rapidly, peaked at about the beginning of August, and declined sharply to low levels in late August. At the time of peak aphid numbers, significant differences in aphid population densities were found among cultivars in 2 years; the lowest densities were found on the cultivars Century and Tipu, and the highest densities on Triumph or Trapper. Pea aphid feeding was not detrimental to any yield parameters except 1000 seed weight. In 1984 Triumph and Tara, and in 1985 Triumph had significantly decreased 1000 seed weights in plots in which aphid densities were not controlled. Differences in the abundance of the aphid among cultivars were not reflected in their yield responses. Over 3 years the regression line of aphid densities upon Century seed weight was significantly steeper than those of Trapper, Lenca, or Tara. Trapper was least affected by aphid feeding. Results indicated that the economic threshold of pea aphids on peas other than Century needs to be re-evaluated.
INSECTS IN STORED CEREALS, AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH FARMING PRACTICES IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA
Authors: Madrid F.J. , White N.D.G. , Loschiavo S.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOne or more insects were captured during 1 week in probe traps placed in granaries holding wheat, barley, or oats in 51% (n = 116) of grain bulks in the fall of 1986, 88% (n = 111) in the summer of 1987, and 85% (n = 106) in the fall of 1987. Fungivorous insects were the most common and predominant group at all sampling times. Granivorous species were the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Grain in galvanized steel and wooden granaries was usually infested with insects to the same extent; granaries with or without aeration systems usually contained the same number of species; small bulks of grain often were infested less frequently than large bulks; the presence of livestock feed on farms did not result in greater insect incidence; and insecticide use in granaries did not prevent re-infestation of grain and insecticide use increased from 24% in 1986 to 31% in the fall of 1987. The kinds of insects detected in grain stored with various farming practices, and co-occurrence with other arthropods in the grain provides baseline information on potentially changing patterns of infestation.
A LABORATORY TECHNIQUE TO STUDY A CHANGE IN FEEDING BEHAVIOR BETWEEN SMALL AND LARGE LARVAE OF GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.)
Authors: Roden D.B. , Kimball J.C. , Simmons G.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA change in the feeding behavior between small and large larvae of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), is an important part of the insect’s biology. This paper describes how to build a lighting system with incandescent and fluorescent light in the laboratory to induce a change in feeding behavior similar to the change that occurs in the field. The change in feeding behavior was observed on artificial “tree stems” constructed from 5-cm ABS plastic pipe and fitted with felt and cardboard “bark flaps”. On the day before pupation began, 85% of the population migrated down the artificial tree stems to seek shelter under the bark flaps; only fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-instar larvae were observed exhibiting this behavior.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LAST-INSTAR LARVA OF COCHYLIS ARTHURI DANG (LEPIDOPTERA: COCHYLIDAE) AND CHARACTERS FOR SEPARATING IT FROM LAST-INSTAR LARVA OF COCHYLIS HOSPES WALSINGHAM
Authors: Arthur A.P. , Powell Y.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe fifth-instar larva of Cochylis arthuri Dang is described and illustrated. Characters for separating it from the fifth-instar larva and pupa of Cochylis hospes Walsingham are given.
CHAETOCNEMA CONCINNA(MARSHAM, 1802), A EUROPEAN FLEA BEETLE INTRODUCED IN NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: ALTICINAE)
Authors: Lesage Laurent 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChaetocnema concinna(Marsham, 1802), a European flea beetle, is reported for the first time from Canada. Preliminary collection data indicate that it may feed on the same host plants as in Europe. It has been collected to date in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Maine.
GYRINUS (GYRINULUS) CAVATUS SP.NOV. FROM NORTH AMERICA DESCRIBED AND COMPARED WITH GYRINUS (GYRINULUS) MINUTUS FABRICIUS (COLEOPTERA: GYRINIDAE)
Authors: Atton F.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGyrinus cavatus sp.nov. (type locality: Floral, Saskatchewan, Canada), from across Canada, is compared with G. minutus Fabricius. The two species are broadly sympatric in the northern boreal and transition forests, but G. cavatus is more abundant southward into the northern United States. Therefore, the subgenus Gyrinulus Zaitsev is not monobasic, but has three species in North America, including G. rockinghamensis LeConte.