bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereodynamics of the reaction He+H2+ → HeH+ + H: a theoretical study
Authors: Chen Tianyun , Zhao Ningjiu , Zhang Weiping , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Quasiclassical trajectory method for the title reaction He +H2+ → HeH+ + H was carried out on the potential energy surface which was revised by Aquilanti et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 469, 26 (2009)]. The initial vibrational quantum number of reactant was set as v=1, v=2 and v=3. Stereodynamics information of the reaction was obtained, such as the distributions of product angular momentum P(θ
r), P(ϕ
r),p(ϕ
r, θ
r) and the two commonly used polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs) (2π/σ)(dσ
00/dω
t) and (2π/σ)(dσ
20/dω
t), to get the alignment and orientation of product molecules. The results show that the influence of both the collision energy and vibrational quantum number (v) to the reaction are highly sensitive.
Simulations of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction phototransistors
Authors: Ściana Beata , Panek Marek , Borczuch Artur , Tłaczała Marek 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Heterojunction bipolar phototransistors, based on GaAs technology, are widely used in optoelectronic integrated circuits. One of the methods to improve phototransistor performance is applying a delta-doped thin base, which causes both a higher current gain and a better time response. There is a lack of information about this kind of device in the literature. Our work presents the results of computer simulations of AlGaAs/GaAs n-p-n phototransistors, with a bulk-doped and delta-doped base working as two- and threeterminal devices. The characteristics and device parameters obtained clearly show that phototransistors with delta-doped base have higher sensitivity and a better time response compared to the structures with a bulk-doped base. Based on simulation results, we modified the epitaxial phototransistor structure with a double delta-doped base that should improve device performance.
Inhibitory effect of essential oil from Nepeta rtanjensis on fungal spore germination
Authors: Grbić Milica , Stupar Miloš , Vukojević Jelena , Grubišić Dragoljub 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The ability of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil to inhibit conidia germination of fungi was evaluated in vitro. Tested fungi included in research were Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride and two Alternaria species originally isolated from N. rtanjensis. The conidia of Cladosporium cladosporioides were most susceptible to the N. rtanjensis essential oil treatment, and the oil concentration of 0.1 µg ml−1 caused the maximum of conidia germination inhibition. The highest concentration used in experiment that caused the maximum of conidia germination inhibition was 0.6 µg ml−1 for Alternaria isolated from leaf surface of N. rtanjensis. The germ tube elongation of Alternaria isolates significantly decreased in response of different concentrations of oil used in experiment.
An efficient and novel one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles catalyzed by UO2(NO3)2·6H2O under heterogeneous conditions
Authors: Satyanarayana Vardhineedi , Sivakumar Amaravadi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn efficient, convenient, and novel one-pot method of 2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles synthesis using benzil, arene carbaldehydes, and ammonium acetate, catalyzed by uranyl nitrate hexahydrate [UO2(NO3)2·6H2O] supported on acidic alumina and resulting in good to excellent yields under heterogeneous conditions, is reported. Formation of a reactants-catalyst complex was confirmed by UV-VIS spectral data. Antibacterial (MIC) and antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was also studied.
Denitrification of simulated nitrate-rich wastewater using sulfamic acid and zinc scrap
Authors: Jang Jung-Hwa , Gaur Ankur , Song Ho-Jun , Park Jinwon 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn enhanced chemical denitrification process was studied as an alternative treatment of nitrate-rich wastewater which cannot be easily treated using conventional biological methods. To accelerate denitrification and to reduce the conversion to ammonia, nitrite reductants were added. In a batch test with the initial nitrate concentration of 500 mg NO3− -N per L, sulfamic acid and zinc were found to be the best nitrite and metal reductants, respectively. In a column test with the initial nitrate concentration of 500 mg NO3−-N per L, optimum results were experimentally obtained over a zinc scrap column with a 1.0 molar ratio of [NH2SO3H]/[NO3−-N] and the recirculating flow rate of 6 L min−1 at pH 2.5. Approximately 98.8 % of nitrate anions were removed, and the observed reaction rate constant (k) was 0.135 min−1. Zinc consumption was reduced to 46.6 % compared to the procedure without sulfamic acid, and sulfamic acid consumption was reduced to 40 % compared to the results of our previous study. Based on these experimental results, it was concluded that chemical nitrate denitrification using sulfamic acid and zinc scrap is an effective alternative treatment protocol for nitrate-rich wastewater.
An adaptive window object tracking algorithm based on variable resolution
Authors: Li L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an adaptive window object tracking method based on variable resolution. It copes with the change in size of the object during visual tracking. On the basis of the visual tracking algorithm, based on maximum posterior probability, we analyze the posterior probability index on the inside and outside panes of the object window, then build a mathematical model for adjusting object size with an adaptive window. Since the resolution changes according to the size of the object, this thesis uses a statistical sampling method of the feature by variable resolution. The resolution of the statistical feature is correspondingly changed in object tracking with an adaptive window. The resolution of a larger object is decreased, which realizes an object tracking method with adaptive window based on variable resolution.
Current spreading modification to enhance single-fundamental-mode VCSEL operation at higher temperatures
Authors: Sarzała R. , Nakwaski W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractContinuous-wave (CW) performance of modern oxide-confined (OC) vertical-cavity surface-emitting diode lasers (VCSELs) at room and elevated temperatures is investigated with the aid of the comprehensive fully self-consistent optical-electrical-thermal-gain model. A standard OC GaInNAs/GaAs double-quantum-well VCSEL emitting the 1.3-μm radiation is used as a typical modern VCSEL structure. The oxide aperture is placed at the anti-node position of an optical standing wave within a VCSEL cavity. The desired single-fundamental-mode (SFM) operation has been found to be expected only in VCSELs equipped with relatively small active regions of diameters equal or smaller than 10 μm. Therefore a proton implantation used as an radial additional confinement of the current spreading from the upper annular contact towards the centrally located active region is proposed and its impact on the VCSEL performance is investigated. The above structure modification has been found to enable a radical improvement in the VCSEL performance. In particular, in this case, the SFM VCSEL operation is possible even in VCSELs with quite large active regions and for much wider ambient-temperature range than in the standard OC VCSELs.
Anemia in chronic kidney disease patients in predialysis and postdialysis stages
Authors: Bhatta S , Aryal G , Kafle RK 
Published: March 2011

Background: Chronic kidney disease is usually associated with anemia and the level of anemia correlates with the severity of renal failure. This study was carried out to evaluate the profile of anemia and to find the correlation between the severity of anemia and serum creatinine levels in predialysis and postdialysis Chronic kidney disease patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 chronic kidney disease patients in the department of pathology and nephrology, KIST Medical College. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell indices, peripheral blood smears and serum creatinine levels were examined using standard techniques. Results: There was a significant difference in the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in predialysis and postdialysis patients (P <0.005). All 40 patients (100%) were anemic. Although moderate anemia was most common in both groups of patients, severe anemia was more common in postdialysis patients (5% in predialysis and 15% in postdialysis patients). The peripheral blood smear examinations showed that normocytic normochromic anemia was most frequent (90% in predialysis and 77.5 % in postdialysis patients). There was no significant correlation between the severity of anemia and serum creatinine levels (P > 0.05), r=-0.14 and -0.17 in predialysis and postdialysis group respectively. Conclusion: The most frequent anemia in chronic kidney disease patients was normocytic and normochromic type of a moderate degree. Significant correlation was not found between the severity of anemia and serum creatinine levels in both pre and postdialysis group of patients. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Anemia; Creatinine; Hemoglobin; Hematocrit; Hemodialysis DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4446 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 26-29
Le comportement d'investissement des entreprises françaises : analyses et problèmes
Authors: Norotte Michel , Morin Pierre , Venet Gilbert 
Published: March 2011

The Investment behavior of french firms : a questionning analysis,
by Michel Norotte, Pierre Morin, Gilbert Venet.

The purpose of this article is the analysis of the investment behavior of french firms. French firms invested very actively before the first "oil shock", but their investment behavior can be considered somewhat disappointing since the second "oil shock", if compared with the other main countries of the Oecd.

The article points out the deterioration of corporations' financial situation until 1982 and the recovery thereafter. It also tries to summarize the various econometric works dealing with the influence of anticipated demand, relative price of factors and profit as determinants of investment.

Many difficulties appear so that the value of less conventional studies is emphasized: neo classical functions, desequilibrium models, influence of profitability and of the Tobin's ratio.

However, investment behavior should not be isolated from the numerous elements which contribute, in a way or another, to the production capacities of firms, such as labor training, research and development. In addition, some new distinctions seem quite relevant when one considers the changes firms have to go through in the current période. A good example is "traditional" investment as opposed to investment in computer systems or computer assisted devices and machinery.

JEL: 132-122-211
Comportement d'investissement et diffusion de nouvelles technologies
Authors: Norotte Michel , Bensaïd Jean 
Published: March 2011

Behaviour of investment
and introduction of new technologies,
by Michel Norotte, Jean Bensald.

Ever since the first oil crisis industrial investment in France has been marked by persistent sluggishness. Looking beyond quantitative development however capital formation is undergoing profound structural alterations characterized by a move towards investment in productivity and the gradual spread of new generations of capital goods high in electronic content.

The description of this phenomenon which makes up the first part of the study suggests the idea od differing investment behaviour related to different types of capital equipment. The study goes on to propose various empirical attempts at macroeconomic modelling of the different types of behaviour, all of which cast reservations on the efficiency of traditionnal aggregate functions of investment.

JEL: 132-621-122
Effect of stifle angle on the magnitude of the tibial plateau angle measurement in dogs with intact and transected cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Harper T. A. M. , Lanz O. I. , Daniel G. B. , Werre S. R. , Aulakh K. S. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryObjective: To determine the effect of stifle angle on the magnitude of the radiographic tibial plateau angle (TPA) in normal and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) -deficient stifles.Methods: Three pairs of canine cadaver hind-limbs from three skeletally mature dogs were positioned in a custom-made positioning device. A lateral radiograph of each specimen was obtained before and after transection of the CCL at four stifle angles (90°, 110°, 135° and 140–150° [i.e. maximum extension]), based on goniometric measurements. Four observers determined the radiographic TPA twice for each radiograph with a minimum of two days between each measurement. The radiographic TPA measurements in all specimens at different stifle angles with intact CCL and transected CCL were compared with mixed-model ANOVA. The effect of stifle angle, CCL transection, and interaction between the two on observer TPA measurement variability was also determined using the coefficient of variation.Results: Tibial plateau angle was not statistically different in the stifle angles for either the intact or transected CCL. There was also no statistical difference for TPA between intact and transected CCL groups at each of the stifle angles. Stifle angle, CCL transection and interaction between the two did not have any significant effect for intra-observer and inter-observer variation.Clinical significance: The angle of the stifle during radiography does not influence the magnitude of the TPA measurement as determined on true lateral radiographs of the stifle and tibia in cadaveric canine limbs.
Relationships within the Araceae: Comparison of morphological patterns with molecular phylogenies
Authors: Cusimano Natalie , Bogner Josef , Mayo Simon J. , Boyce Peter C. , Wong Sin Y. , Hesse Michael , Hetterscheid Wilbert L. A. , Keating Richard C. , French Jim C. 
Published: March 2011

• Premise of the study: The first family‐wide molecular phylogeny of the Araceae, a family of about 3800 published species in 120 genera, became available in 1995, followed by a cladistic analysis of morpho‐anatomical data in 1997. The most recent and comprehensive family‐wide molecular phylogeny was published in 2008 and included species from 102 genera. We reanalyzed the molecular data with a more complete genus sampling and compared the resulting phylogeny with morphological and anatomical data, with a view to contributing to a new formal classification of the Araceae.• Methods: We analyzed 113 aroid genera and 4494 aligned nucleotides that resulted from adding 11 genera to the 2008 molecular matrix. We also analyzed 81 morphological characters in the context of the molecular phylogeny, using an extended version of the 1997 morpho‐anatomical data set.• Key results: The resulting maximum‐likelihood phylogeny is well resolved and supported, and most of the 44 larger clades also have morphological or anatomical synapomorphies as well as ecological or geographic cohesion. Of the 44 clades, 16 are here newly circumscribed and informally named. However, some relationships remain poorly supported within the Aroideae subfamily. The most problematic placement is Calla within Aroideae, which conflicts with the distribution of morphological, anatomical, and palynological character states.• Conclusions: The comparison of the molecular analysis with morphological and anatomical data presented here represents an important basis for a new formal classification for the Araceae and for the understanding of the evolution of this ancient family, a monocot group known in the fossil record from the early Cretaceous.
Microsatellite primers in red bayberry, Myrica rubra (Myricaceae)
Authors: Xie Xiaobo , Qiu Yingying , Ke Liping , Zheng Xiliang , Wu Guanting , Chen Jinqing , Qi Xingjiang , Ahn Sangnag 
Published: March 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in Myrica rubra to investigate potential hybridization events within or between M. rubra and its closely related species.• Methods and Results: Using an ISSR‐suppression PCR method, 12 primer pairs were temporarily developed with GSG(GT)6 as the primer for enriching microsatellite sequences and the genomic DNA of M. rubra cv. ‘Heijing’ as template. The average allele number per locus was 4.9 within 26 individuals including two species, M. rubra and M. nana. Three pairs of primers produced species‐specific alleles, and the other nine showed polymorphisms among 26 accessions.• Conclusions: Results indicated that the ISSR‐suppression PCR method is suitable for developing microsatellite markers, especially for this species with little understanding of genomic information. The developed microsatellite markers provide a useful tool for further studies of population structure within or between M. rubra and M. nana or other closely related species.
Development of a novel set of microsatellite markers for Castor bean, Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae)1
Authors: Bajay Miklos Maximiliano , Zucchi Maria Imaculada , KIIhl Tammy Aparecida Manabe , Batista Carlos Eduardo Araújo , Monteiro Mariza , Pinheiro José Baldin 
Published: March 2011

• Premise of study: Microsatellite primers were developed for castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) to investigate genetic diversity and population structure, and to provide support to germplasm management.• Methods and Results: Eleven microsatellite loci were isolated using an enrichment cloning protocol and used to characterize castor bean germplasm from the collection at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). In a survey of 76 castor bean accessions, the investigated loci displayed polymorphism ranging from two to five alleles.• Conclusions: The information derived from microsatellite markers led to significant gains in conserved allelic richness and provides support to the implementation of several molecular breeding strategies for castor bean.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci from Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae), a Central African rainforest and fruit–tree species
Authors: Benoit Laure , Born Céline , Vignes Hélène , Chevallier Marie‐Hélène , Todou Gilbert , Debain Chantal , Joly Hélène I. 
Published: March 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized from Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae), a tropical rainforests fruit tree of central Africa.• Methods and Results: Using an enrichment protocol, six microsatellites loci were developed from Dacryodes edulis. We investigated polymorphism using 45 trees from three widely separated populations in Cameroon. All loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 to 15. Polymorphism was widely variable among loci and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.06 to 0.84 with a mean value of 0.49.• Conclusions: These loci will be useful for the in‐depth analysis of population structure and phylogeographic variation throughout the distribution range of Dacryodes edulis and other related taxa, Dacryodes buettneri and D. normandii, in which all loci were also amplified. Furthermore, they will offer the opportunity to study early domestication processes acting on the genetic diversity of Dacryodes edulis.
Opposite Effects of Endogenous Peptide–MHC Class I on T Cell Activity in the Presence and Absence of CD8
Authors: Stone Jennifer D. , Aggen David H. , Chervin Adam S. , Narayanan Samanthi , Schmitt Thomas M. , Greenberg Philip D. , Kranz David M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNonstimulatory or endogenous peptide–MHC (pepMHC) presented on the surfaces of APCs, either alone or alongside agonist pepMHC, plays various roles in T cell selection and activation. To examine these properties in more detail, we explored several model systems of TCR and pepMHC ligands with sufficient affinity to be activated in the absence of CD8. The TCRs had a range of affinities for agonist and nonstimulatory ligands and were restricted by MHC class I alleles with different properties. We observed CD8-independent antagonism from TCR–pepMHC interactions with very low affinities (e.g., KD = 300 μM). In addition, endogenous peptide–Ld complexes on APCs antagonized activation of coreceptor (CD8)-negative 2C T cells even by the strong agonist QL9–Ld. In contrast, TCRs m33 and 3D-PYY, restricted by Kb and Db, respectively, did not show signs of antagonism by endogenous pepMHC in the absence of CD8. This did not appear to be an inherent difference in the ability of the TCRs to be antagonized, as altered peptide ligands could antagonize each TCR. In the presence of CD8, endogenous pepMHC ligands acted in some cases as coagonists. These results show that endogenous pepMHC molecules exhibit complex behavior in T cells, leading to either reduced activity (e.g., in cases of low coreceptor levels) or enhanced activity (e.g., in presence of coreceptor). The behavior may be influenced by the ability of different TCRs to recognize endogenous pepMHC but also perhaps by the inherent properties of the presenting MHC allele.
Increased Serum Cu/Zn SOD in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Russo A.J. 
Published: March 2011

Aim To assess serum Cu/Zn SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) concentration in individuals with bipolar disorder. Subjects and methods Serum from 20 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 20 age and gender similar controls were tested for Cu/Zn SOD serum concentration using ELISAs. Results Serum Cu/Zn SOD levels of individuals with bipolar disorder were significantly higher than age and gender matched controls. Discussion These results suggest an association between Cu/Zn SOD serum levels and bipolar disorder.
The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Bone Healing in Elderly Individuals with Colle's Fracture
Authors: Al-Mukhtar Sadeq A. 
Published: March 2011

Background Elderly men and women who smoke for many years are more likely to sustain fractures after minimal trauma than are nonsmokers. The two major risk factors for fractures are low bone mineralization density (BMD) and a propensity for falling in smokers known to have poorer neuromuscular function compared with nonsmokers. Smokers are weaker and have poorer balance, gait, and integrated physical function. Older people who smoke cigarettes have significantly lower BMD than those who do not. Cadaveric studies show that a decrease of BMD by 10% results in decrease of bone strength by three-fold. Thus, it is reasonable to expect an increased incidence of fractures among smokers on the basis of BMD level alone. Aim The aim of the study is to find the effects of cigarettes smoking on the time of healing in comparison with nonsmoker patients with colles fracture. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was done in AlKindy Teaching Hospital, AlKarkh General Hospital, and AlJarah Private Hospital in the period between March 1999 and February 2006. 280 patients with colles fracture were included and divided into two groups (smokers and nonsmokers). Age, sex, causes of the trauma type of the fracture, number of cigarettes smoking, body mass index, time of healing and others were studied. Results Group A • Male to female ratio was 1:2.29. • The commonest age group was between (60–69) years 64.3%. • Body mass index (BMI), 50% of patients were within 20–24 score and 25% were within 25–29 score. • The type of fracture was 86.6% displaced fracture. • The time of healing was 61.6% within 4 weeks and 33.93% healed within 5–6 weeks. Group B • Male to female ratio was 1:2.36. • The commonest age group was 50–59 years 52.4. • The type of fracture was 86.9% displaced. • Regarding BMI, 51.2% of patients were within score less than 20, and 34.5% were within 20–40 score. • The time of healing was 67.3% within 5–6 weeks and 18.5% healed within 4 weeks. Conclusion Cigarette smoking increases the time of healing in elderly individuals with colles fracture.