bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vigabatrin‐associated reversible MRI signal changes in patients with infantile spasms
Authors: Dracopoulos Aphrodite , Widjaja Elysa , Raybaud Charles , Westall Carol A. , Snead O. Carter 
Published: April 2010

SummaryPurpose:  To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pediatric patients with infantile spasms (IS) treated with vigabatrin (VGB) in order to investigate whether VGB affects the brain.Methods:  One hundred seven pediatric patients diagnosed with IS and treated with (n = 95) ≥120 mg/kg/day VGB or without (n = 12) VGB were included. MRI and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) were retrospectively analyzed.Results:  Of the patients who had MRI scans during, but not before, VGB treatment (n = 81), 25 (30.9%) exhibited abnormal MRI signal intensity and/or restricted DWI in the deep gray nuclei and brainstem. Follow‐up scans (performed in 15 of the 25 patients) revealed that these changes were reversible upon withdrawal of the medication. Analysis of patients undergoing scans before, during, and after VGB treatment (n = 14) revealed that four patients had abnormal MRI signal during treatment with VBG, two of whom reversed with cessation of VGB, one reversed without cessation of VGB, and another had persistent abnormal signal while being weaned from the VGB. Patients who had not received VGB treatment (n = 12) displayed normal imaging. Younger infants (≤12 months) and those with cryptogenic IS were more likely to develop abnormal signal changes on MRI during VGB treatment.Discussion:  In pediatric patients, VGB induces reversible MRI signal changes and reversible diffusion restriction in the globi pallidi, thalami, brainstem, and dentate nuclei. The risk for this phenomenon was greater in younger infants and patients with cryptogenic IS.
The Relationship Between Self‐Reported Drinking and BAC Level in Emergency Room Injury Cases: Is it a Straight Line?
Authors: Bond Jason , Ye Yu , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Room Robin , Rehm Jürgen , Borges Guilherme , Cremonte Mariana , Gmel Gerhard , Hao Wei , Sovinova Hana , Stockwell Tim 
Published: April 2010

Background:  While the validity of self‐reported consumption based on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) has been found to be high in emergency room (ER) samples, little research exists on the estimated number of drinks consumed given a BAC level. Such data would be useful in establishing a dose–response relationship between drinking and risk (e.g., of injury) in those studies for which the number of drinks consumed is not available but BAC is.Methods:  Several methods were used to estimate the number of drinks consumed in the 6 hours prior to injury based on BAC obtained at the time of ER admission of n = 1,953 patients who self‐reported any drinking 6 hours prior to their injury and who arrived to the ER within 6 hours of the event, from the merged Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP) and the World Health Organization Collaborative Study on Alcohol and Injury across 16 countries.Results:  The relationship between self‐reported consumption and averaged BAC within each consumption level appeared to be fairly linear up to about 7 drinks and a BAC of approximately 100 mg/dl. Above about 7 reported drinks, BAC appeared to have no relationship with drinking, possibly representing longer consumption periods than only the 6 hours before injury for those reporting higher quantities consumed. Both the volume estimate from the bivariate BAC to self‐report relationship as well as from a Widmark calculation using BAC and time from last drink to arrival to the ER indicated a somewhat weak relationship to actual number of self‐reported drinks.Conclusions:  Future studies may benefit from investigating the factors suspected to be driving the weak relationships between these measures, including the actual time over which the reported alcohol was consumed and pattern of drinking over the consumption period.
Evaluation of the Tire Industry of China based on Physical Input–Output Analysis
Authors: YANG Ning , CHEN Dingjiang , HU Shanying , LI Yourun , JIN Yong 
Published: April 2010

SummaryWith the rapid development of the rubber industry and its downstream sectors in China, the resulting sharp increase in the number of scrap tires is creating great environmental pressure. By considering the tire production, consumption, collection, and reuse processes as a whole system of tire material flows, and based on physical input–output analysis (IOA), this article analyzes the status quo of China's tire industry and performs a comparative study between China and Europe. The study shows that the tire industry of China in 2005 and that of Europe in 1996 are similar in material‐flow characteristics. To make the best use of materials, it is necessary to strengthen the reuse of scrap tires in China. A scenario analysis is presented to show the effects of improving the reuse process from the viewpoint of IOA.
Effect of Medicare Part D on Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use by Older Adults
Authors: Fu Alex Z. , Tang Anne S. , Wang Nan , Du Dongyi (Tony) , Jiang Jenny Z. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVES: To empirically estimate changes of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use attributable to the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit.DESIGN: Difference‐in‐difference strategy in the quasi‐experimental design with a control group.SETTING: U.S. nationally representative community‐dwelling sample of older adults.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand seven hundred seventy‐four adults aged 65 and older in the 2005 and 2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys were followed up for 2 years with five rounds of interviews.MEASUREMENTS: PIM use was identified based on the 2002 Beers criteria. Analyses were conducted for likelihood of PIM use and number of PIM prescriptions using logit models and negative binomial models, respectively.RESULTS: There was a trend of less likelihood of PIM use for all older adults from 2005 to 2006 (odds ratio=0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.52–0.86). After accounting for this secular trend and potential confounders, no significant difference of the likelihood of PIM use was found between Part D enrollees and nonenrollees, although enrollees were found to use significantly more PIM prescriptions in round 5 (in 2006) than nonenrollees (incidence rate ratio=1.56, 95% CI=1.08–2.25).CONCLUSION: This initial evidence suggests that Medicare Part D could result in more PIM use in older enrollees than in nonenrollees, although the overall likelihood of PIM use has decreased in all older community‐dwelling adults. Future research is needed to examine the effect over the longer term and focusing on particular categories of PIMs.
Generic‐Only Drug Coverage in the Medicare Part D Gap and Effect on Medication Cost‐Cutting Behaviors for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: The Translating Research into Action for Diabetes Study
Authors: Duru O. Kenrik , Mangione Carol M. , Hsu John , Steers W. Neil , Quiter Elaine , Turk Norman , Ettner Susan L. , Schmittdiel Julie A. , Tseng Chien‐Wen 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between drug coverage during the Medicare Part D coverage gap and medication cost‐cutting behaviors of beneficiaries with diabetes mellitus who use and do not use insulin.DESIGN: The study was cross‐sectional.SETTING: A network‐model health system.PARTICIPANTS: 2007 survey of Medicare Advantage Part D (MAPD) and Prescription Drug Plan (PDP) beneficiaries who entered the gap by October 2006 (N=1,468, 57% response rate).MEASUREMENTS: The primary predictor variable was no gap coverage versus generic‐only gap coverage. Seven cost‐cutting behaviors were examined as dependent variables, including cost‐related nonadherence (CRN) to any medication. Covariates included race or ethnicity, education, health status, income, and comorbidities, as well as generic medication use in the first quarter. Logistic regression models were constructed using nonresponse weights to generate predicted percentages.RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, beneficiaries taking insulin were less likely to report CRN if they had generic‐only gap coverage than if they had no gap coverage (16% vs 29%, P=.03). No differences in CRN according to type of gap coverage were seen between beneficiaries not taking insulin.CONCLUSION: Medicare beneficiaries using insulin are at high risk of CRN. Generic‐only coverage during the gap is associated with an attenuated risk of CRN in insulin users, possibly because of savings on other, generic medications. Future research should evaluate CRN within alternative benefit designs covering selected brand name medications, such as insulin, during the gap.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Total 3‐Year Healthcare Costs for Older Adults Who Experience a Fall Requiring Medical Care
Authors: Bohl Alex A. , Fishman Paul A. , Ciol Marcia A. , Williams Barbara , LoGerfo James , Phelan Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVES:To compare longitudinal changes in healthcare costs between fallers admitted to the hospital at the time of the fall (admitted), those not admitted to the hospital (nonadmitted), and nonfaller controls; test hypotheses related to differences in mean costs between and within these groups over time; and estimate the costs attributable to falling.DESIGN:Longitudinal cohort.SETTING:Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.PARTICIPANTS:Seven thousand nine hundred ninety‐three nonadmitted fallers, 976 admitted fallers, and 8,956 nonfallers aged 67 and older enrolled in an integrated healthcare delivery system. Fallers were identified according to fall‐related E‐Codes and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes recorded between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2006. Nonfallers were frequency matched on age group and sex.MEASUREMENTS:Quarterly costs during a 3‐year period were modeled using generalized estimating equations. Covariates included index age, sex, RxRisk (a comorbidity adjuster), fall status, time, and interactions between fall status and time.RESULTS:Cost differences between the faller cohorts and nonfallers were greatest in quarters closest to the fall (allP<.01) and persisted throughout the entire year of follow‐up. Although nonfaller costs increased with time, faller cohort costs increased more quickly (allP<.01). For admitted fallers, 92% of costs incurred in the quarter of the fall were estimated to be attributable to falling ($27,745 of $30,038,P<.001).CONCLUSION:Falls for which medical attention are sought resulted in higher costs than for nonfallers for up to 12 months after a fall, particularly for falls requiring hospitalization. Prevention efforts should focus on reducing fall‐related injuries requiring hospitalization because they produce the highest excess costs and have a higher likelihood of 1‐year mortality.
The Effect of Maintaining Cognition on Risk of Disability and Death
Authors: Yaffe Kristine , Lindquist Karla , Vittinghoff Eric , Barnes Deborah , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Newman Anne , Satterfield Suzanne , Rosano Caterina , Rubin Susan M. , Ayonayon Hilsa N. , Harris Tamara ,   for the Health, Aging and Body Compsition Study
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether long‐term maintenance of cognition is associated with health advantages such as lower mortality or incident disability in older adults.DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study.SETTING: Community clinics at two sites.PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand seven hundred thirty‐three adults with a mean age of 74 at baseline and 80 at follow‐up.MEASUREMENTS: Cognitive function was assessed using the Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (3MS), a test of global cognition, at least two times. Three cognitive groups were defined based on 4‐year participant‐specific slopes (maintainers, slopes of ≥0; minor decliners, slopes <0 but no more than 1 standard deviation (SD) below the mean; major decliners, slopes >1 SD below the mean). Whether the cognitive groups differed in mortality and incident disability during the subsequent 3 years was determined.RESULTS: Nine hundred eighty‐four (36%) participants were maintainers, 1,314 (48%) were minor decliners, and 435 (16%) were major decliners. Maintainers had lower mortality (7% vs 14%, hazard ratio (HR)=0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.36–0.63) and incident disability (22% vs 29%, HR=0.74, 95% CI=0.62–0.89) than minor decliners. After adjustment for age, race, sex, education, apolipoprotein E ɛ4, depression, body mass index, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, these differences remained. As expected, major decliners had greater mortality (20%) and incident disability (40%) than minor decliners.CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of older adults maintain cognitive function in their eighth and ninth decades of life. These older adults demonstrate lower risk of death and functional decline than those with minor cognitive decline, supporting the concept of “successful” cognitive aging.
Isolated Potentials and Pace‐Mapping as Guides for Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Various Types of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: KÜHNE MICHAEL , ABRAMS GERALD , SARRAZIN JEAN‐FRANCOIS , CRAWFORD THOMAS , GOOD ERIC , CHUGH AMAN , EBINGER MATTHEW , JONGNARANGSIN KRIT , PELOSI, Jr. FRANK , ORAL HAKAN , MORADY FRED , BOGUN FRANK M. 
Published: April 2010

Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy and Ventricular Tachycardia.  Background: In patients with prior infarction, isolated potentials (IPs) during sinus rhythm reflect fixed scar and often indicate sites critical for ventricular tachycardia (VT). The purpose of this study was to determine the value of IPs in conjunction with pace‐mapping to guide VT ablation in patients with various types of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods: Mapping and ablation of VT were performed in 35 consecutive patients (26 men, age 55 ± 13 years, ejection fraction 0.31 ± 0.14) with VT and various etiologies of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Pace‐mapping was performed at sites with low voltage. Radiofrequency energy was delivered at sites with concealed entrainment or matching pace‐maps. Results: One hundred ninety‐five VTs (mean cycle length 363 ± 88 ms) were induced. Sites with prespecified ablation criteria displaying IPs during sinus rhythm were recorded in 21 of 35 patients (60%, IP‐positive). In these patients, a total of 216 sites meeting prespecified ablation criteria were identified and 146 of 216 sites (68%) displayed IPs. Fifteen of 21 IP‐positive patients (71%) no longer had inducible VT after ablation. In 14 of 35 patients, no sites with IPs where prespecified ablation criteria were met were identified (IP‐negative) despite combined endocardial and epicardial mapping in 7 of 14 patients. Only 1 of 14 IP‐negative patients (7%) no longer had inducible VT at the end of the ablation procedure. During a mean follow‐up of 18 ± 13 months, 14 of 21 IP‐positive patients (67%) remained arrhythmia‐free, compared to 1 of 14 IP‐negative patients (7%; P < 0.01). Half of the IP‐negative patients had major adverse events due to recurrent arrhythmias, compared to none in IP‐positive patients. Conclusion: IPs in conjunction with pace‐mapping are helpful for identifying critical isthmus areas for ablation of VT in patients with various types of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy in whom the arrhythmogenic substrate is characterized by IPs have a more favorable outcome than patients in whom IPs are absent. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1017‐1023, September 2010)
Mutation‐Specific Effects of Polymorphism H558R in SCN5A‐Related Sick Sinus Syndrome
Authors: GUI JUNHONG , WANG TAO , TRUMP DOROTHY , ZIMMER THOMAS , LEI MING 
Published: April 2010

Effects of H558R on SSS‐Related Mutant Channels. Introduction: Mutations in SCN5A, the gene encoding α subunit of cardiac type sodium channel, Nav1.5, lead to familial sick sinus syndrome (SSS). Although several molecular mechanisms for this genetic condition have been explored, the underlying mechanisms for the variable genotype–phenotype relationships have not been well addressed. One of the important contributors to such relationships is the genetic background such as single‐nucleotide polymorphisms.
Methods and Results:
To clarify the effects of a common polymorphism in SCN5A gene, H558R, on SCN5A‐related SSS phenotype, we investigated the electrophysiological properties of all of the 13 known SSS‐related hNav1.5 mutant channels on both H558 and R558 background. Electrophysiological properties of hNav1.5 mutant channels were investigated by the whole‐cell patch clamp technique in HEK293 cells. When peak currents were affected by the mutation, cell surface biotinylation was performed to quantify the fraction of correctly cell membrane‐targeted mutant channels. Loss‐of‐function defect of D1275N in SCN5A was rescued by R558 through enhancing cell surface targeting and improving steady‐state activation of the mutant channels. In contrast, the defects of mutants E161K, P1298L, and R1632H were aggravated in the R558 background, mainly due to the reduced steady‐state availability of mutant channels. The electrophysiological properties of the remaining SSS‐related hNav1.5 mutants including the missense mutants (L212P, T220I, DelF1617, T187I, R878C, G1408R), and the truncated mutants (W1421X, K1578fs/52, R1623X) were not significantly affected by H558R.
Conclusion:
We conclude that polymorphism H558R has mutation‐specific effects on SCN5A‐related SSS. Our data highlight the importance of common genetic variants in modulating phenotypes of genetic diseases. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 564‐573, May 2010)
Identifying factors determining the altitudinal distribution of the invasive pest leafminersLiriomyza huidobrensisandLiriomyza sativae
Authors: Tantowijoyo Warsito , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAbiotic and biotic factors that change with altitude can influence the distribution of herbivorous insects. We examined factors influencing the distribution of the generalist leafminersLiriomyza sativaeBlanchard andLiriomyza huidobrensisBlanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae), two pests of agricultural crops, in the tropical Dieng mountainous area of Central Java, Indonesia.Liriomyza huidobrensispredominated at altitudes above 700 m a.s.l. and was the only species collected above 1 400 m a.s.l. In contrast,L. sativaepredominated below 600 m a.s.l. and was not found above 1 200 m where the average temperature was 20.7 °C. Parasitoid diversity decreased with altitude, but parasitism did not change. The distribution of neither species was affected by parasitoids;L. huidobrensispredominant at high altitudes was preferred byOpiusparasitoids common at these altitudes. Intra‐ and interspecific competition was detected in laboratory experiments where larval density was high, but led to coexistence rather than species displacement. No competition was detected in a field experiment when larval density was low. However,L. sativaefailed to reproduce at the highest altitude, whereasL. huidobrensisestablished at all altitudes. Host composition varied with altitude and one host (faba beans) preferred byL. huidobrensiswas common at high altitudes. By relating published data on the performance of the leafminer species to altitudinal temperature changes, we were partly successful in predicting the altitude at which the dominant species switched. Temperature plays an overriding influence on the altitudinal distribution of leafminers.
Factors affecting soft tissue level around anterior maxillary single‐tooth implants
Authors: Nisapakultorn Kanokwan , Suphanantachat Supreda , Silkosessak Onanong , Rattanamongkolgul Suthee 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground: Peri‐implant soft tissue recession is a major esthetic concern for the anterior implants. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that affected the facial marginal mucosal level and papilla level around single‐tooth implants in the anterior maxilla.Methods: Forty single‐tooth implants in the anterior maxilla were studied. Variables possibly associated with the soft tissue level were obtained from clinical measurements, study models, peri‐apical radiographs, and computerized tomograms. Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance, and binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine the influence of each factor on the facial marginal mucosal level and papilla level.Results: The majority of the implants (75%) replaced the upper central incisors. The facial mucosal margin of the implant was 0.5±0.9 mm more apical than that of the contralateral tooth. Half or more of papilla fill was observed in 89% of the samples. More apical level of the facial mucosal margin at the implant sites was significantly influenced by many factors including a thin peri‐implant biotype, a proclined implant fixture angle, more apical level of the facial bone crest, increased distance from the contact point to the bone crest, contact point to the platform, and contact point to implant bone. A thin biotype was the most significant factor in determining the facial marginal mucosal level. Increased distance from the contact point to the bone crest was the only factor significantly associated with less papilla fill.Conclusions: The papilla level around single‐tooth implants in the anterior maxilla was mainly influenced by the interproximal bone crest level of the adjacent tooth. Facial marginal mucosal level, on the other hand, was affected by multiple factors including the peri‐implant biotype, the facial bone crest level, the implant fixture angle, the interproximal bone crest level, the depth of implant platform, and the level of first bone to implant contact. To cite this article:
Nisapakultorn K, Suphanantachat S, Silkosessak O, Rattanamongkolgul S. Factors affecting soft tissue level around anterior maxillary single‐tooth implants. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 662–670. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01887.x
Caries prevalence of permanent teeth: a national survey of children in Iceland using ICDAS
Authors: Agustsdottir Helga , Gudmundsdottir Holmfridur , Eggertsson Hafsteinn , Jonsson Stefan Hrafn , Gudlaugsson Jon Oskar , Saemundsson Sigurdur Runar , Eliasson Sigfus T. , Arnadottir Inga B. , Holbrook W. Peter 
Published: April 2010

Agustsdottir H, Gudmundsdottir H, Eggertsson H, Jonsson SH, Gudlaugsson JO, Saemundsson SR, Eliasson ST, Arnadottir IB, Holbrook WP. Caries prevalence of permanent teeth: a national survey of children in Iceland using ICDAS. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 299–309. © John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  The Icelandic Oral Health Survey aimed to obtain new national data on the oral health of Icelandic children and teenagers.Methods:  A representative stratified random cluster sample of 2251 Icelandic children in first, seventh and 10th grade, aged approximately 6‐, 12‐ and 15‐years old was examined for caries prevalence using the ICDAS criteria. Bite‐wing digital radiographs were obtained for the children in 7th and 10th grade.Results:  D3MFT scores by visual examination of 6‐, 12‐ and 15‐year olds were 0.12, 1.43 and 2.78 respectively but when including radiographs, the D3MFT rose to 2.11 at 12 years and 4.25 at 15 years. The Significant Caries Index, SiC, by visual examination for 12 and 15 y was 3.7 and 6.7 respectively but was 4.7 for 12 y and 8.9 for 15 y with radiographs. In all age groups and at most disease levels, caries was active in the majority of the lesions (58–100%). The percentage of children with no visually detectable caries at D3/D1 level was 93%/74% for 6 years, 48%/22% for 12 years and 35%/16% for 15 years. When radiographs were included the percentage reduced to 34%/15% for 12 years and 20%/6% for 15 years. Approximately 80% of 12‐ and 15‐year‐olds had at least one of their first molars sealed, with the mean number of sealed first molars being 2.2 among 12 y and 2.0 among 15 y.Conclusions:  Caries levels were higher than expected in this national survey and further away from the goals of the National Health Plan for 2010 than anticipated. Caries distribution was skewed with more than half of the children having low caries scores but a wide distribution of caries experience was seen among the remaining population.