bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the degree of deterioration of circuit‐breaker insulators using chemical analysis and the Mahalanobis–Taguchi (MT) method
Authors: Miki Shinsuke , Okazawa Hiroshi , Inujima Hiroshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have developed a novel evaluation technique of the deterioration degree of insulators for breakers using a chemical analysis and the Mahalanobis–Taguchi (MT) method. It is possible to evaluate the deterioration degree with great accuracy and nondestructively on‐site by this technique without the effect of humidity and external noise such as electromagnetic waves. The mechanism of the insulator's surface resistivity reduction was clarified, and it was found that the deterioration degree of insulators could be evaluated by this technique because a linear relationship existed between the results judged by the MT method and the actual measurement results for the surface resistivity. In comparison to electrical methods, such as partial electric discharge and megohmmeters, the evaluation accuracy has been improved by three digits and the range of the deterioration degree that could be evaluated was expanded by seven digits. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(1): 11–20, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20849
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Non‐Hydrolyzable 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Linked Sialic Acid Derivatives as Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Authors: Weïwer Michel , Chen Chi‐Chang , Kemp Melissa M. , Linhardt Robert J. 
Published: April 2009

Abstractα‐Sialic acid azide 1 has been used as a substrate for the efficient preparation of 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives of sialic acid using the copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (“click chemistry”). Our approach is to generate non‐natural N‐glycosides of sialic acid that are resistant to neuraminidase‐catalyzed hydrolysis as opposed to the natural O‐glycosides. These N‐glycosides would act as neuraminidase inhibitors to prevent the release of new virions. As a preliminary study, a small library of 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked sialic acid derivatives has been synthesized in 71–89 % yield. A disaccharide mimic of sialic acid has also been prepared using the α‐sialic acid azide 1 and a C‐8 propargyl sialic acid acceptor in 68 % yield. A model sialic acid coated dendrimer was also synthesized from a perpropargylated pentaerythritol acceptor. These novel sialic acid derivatives were then evaluated as potential neuraminidase inhibitors using a 96‐well plate fluorescence assay; micromolar IC50 values wereobserved, comparable to the known sialidase inhibitorNeu5Ac2en.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
New insight into suction and dilution effects in CE coupled to MS via an ESI interface. II – Dilution effect
Authors: Mokaddem Meriem , Gareil Pierre , Belgaied Jamel‐Eddine , Varenne Anne 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe hyphenation of CE with MS is nowadays accepted as a powerful analytical approach. As far as ESI, the most common interface, is concerned, one challenge is to provide the most sensitive as well as quantitative information, which is quite a difficult task, as it is linked, among other factors, to suction and dilution effects. In the coaxial ESI configuration, it has been previously demonstrated that suction effect depends on many parameters inherent to the ESI interface geometry, the prevailing ones being the CE capillary protrusion from the interface needle, the sheath liquid (SL) and the overall BGE flow rates and velocity profile. In this paper, dilution effect is studied, as the CE electrolyte is mixed with SL at the interface. Considering peak intensity and efficiency, this effect was studied as a function of the various parameters of the interface (capillary protrusion from the SL tube, nebulizing gas, SL and CE electrolyte flow rates) or of the source (skimmer and ESI voltages, drying gas flow rate and temperature). It appears that the dilution effect seems slightly lower than what can be anticipated from the proportions of the liquid flow rates. This study also indicates that suction effect has to be considered first to better understand the dilution phenomenon, as suction effect leads to an increase in peak intensity, before a dilution effect appears.
Sphingomyelins as semi‐permanent capillary coatings for protein separations in CE and off‐line analysis with MALDI‐MS
Authors: Jurcic Kristina , Yeung Ken K.‐C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhosphatidylcholine (PC) is one of the major phospholipids that make up the biological cell membrane. It was previously reported to form capillary inner wall coatings for CE. The zwitterionic head group of PC produced a neutral net‐charged bilayer, which was found effective in preventing wall adsorption of both cationic and anionic proteins [J. M. Cunliffe et al. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 776–783]. Another major membrane phospholipid that possesses a zwitterionic head group is sphingomyelin (SM). In this work, the novel characterization of SM on its effectiveness in capillary coating formation for CE separations of proteins and peptides was presented. Similar properties were observed between PC and SM, including their effects on the EOF, peak efficiencies, and migration time reproducibilities. SM appeared to be more readily soluble in aqueous solutions, and it was found equally effective as PC in facilitating protein separation. The main difference observed was their performances in delivering a peptide mixture for off‐line analysis with MALDI‐MS. Superior sample recovery was evident from the capillary coated with SM compared with that with PC. The number of peptides identified from a 1 ng/μL myglobin tryptic digest sample increased from 5 to 16 (42 and 69%, respectively in protein sequence coverage).
Analysis of melamine in milk powder by CZE using UV detection and hyphenation with ESI quadrupole/TOF MS detection
Authors: Klampfl Christian W. , Andersen Liisa , Haunschmidt Manuela , Himmelsbach Markus , Buchberger Wolfgang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn easy to employ method for the determination of melamine in milk powder samples using CZE with either UV or MS detection is presented. The separation capabilities of CZE allowed keeping sample preparation rather simple. Before analysis, milk powder samples were dissolved in water, de‐fatted with dichloromethane and diluted with ACN to precipitate the protein, filtrated and injected without further pretreatment. The developed CZE method allowed the determination of melamine in milk powder down to a level of 0.50 mg/kg using UV detection and 0.25 mg/kg when ESI quadrupole/TOF MS was employed for detection.
A comparative study of thermal aging of transformer insulation paper impregnated in natural ester and in mineral oil
Authors: Liao Ruijin , Liang Shuaiwei , Sun Caixin , Yang Lijun , Sun Huigang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAging of two kinds of transformer insulation paper in natural ester is compared to that in conventional transformer oil (mineral oil). Sealed aging vessels containing copper, insulation paper (Kraft paper and thermally upgraded paper), and dielectric fluid (mineral oil and natural ester) were aged at 90, 110, and 130°C for 399, 371, and 329 days. Under the same aging condition, both the degree of polymerization (DP) and the leveling‐off degree of polymerization (LODP) for natural ester aged paper were higher than the ones for mineral oil aged paper, and the micro surface of natural ester aged paper was destroyed less seriously than that of the mineral oil aged paper. The aging time to reach LODP for natural ester aged paper was only 1/4 to 2/3 of that for mineral oil aged paper. When water content in natural ester for natural ester aged Kraft paper samples reached the maximum, acids concentration in natural ester increased abruptly. Water content in natural ester decreased in the whole aging process for natural ester aged thermally upgraded paper samples. Six physical and chemical mechanisms for the slower aging rate of natural ester aged paper are proposed. Evidence for transesterification between natural ester and paper was presented with infrared spectra instrument. Although the acids in natural ester were far more than in mineral oil, the natural ester can significantly slow the thermal aging of the paper. Three mechanisms of this abnormal phenomenon were presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical implementation of Aristov–Pukhnachev's formulation for axisymmetric viscous incompressible flows
Authors: Moshkin N. P. , Poochinapan K. , Christov C. I. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn the present work a finite‐difference technique is developed for the implementation of a new method proposed by Aristov and Pukhnachev
(Doklady Phys. 2004; 49(2):112–115) for modeling of the axisymmetric viscous incompressible fluid flows. A new function is introduced that is related to the pressure and a system similar to the vorticity/stream function formulation is derived for the cross‐flow. This system is coupled to an equation for the azimuthal velocity component. The scheme and the algorithm treat the equations for the cross‐flow as an inextricably coupled system, which allows one to satisfy two conditions for the stream function with no condition on the auxiliary function. The issue of singularity of the matrix is tackled by adding a small parameter in the boundary conditions. The scheme is thoroughly validated on grids with different resolutions.The new numerical tool is applied to the Taylor flow between concentric rotating cylinders when the upper and lower lids are allowed to rotate independently from the inner cylinder, while the outer cylinder is held at rest. The phenomenology of this flow is adequately represented by the numerical model, including the hysteresis that takes place near certain specific values of the Reynolds number. Thus, the present results can be construed to demonstrate the viability of the new model. The success can be attributed to the adequate physical nature of the auxiliary function. The proposed technique can be used in the future for in‐depth investigations of the bifurcation phenomena in rotating flows. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic causal modeling for EEG and MEG
Authors: Kiebel Stefan J. , Garrido Marta I. , Moran Rosalyn , Chen Chun‐Chuan , Friston Karl J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present a review of dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for magneto‐ and electroencephalography (M/EEG) data. DCM is based on a spatiotemporal model, where the temporal component is formulated in terms of neurobiologically plausible dynamics. Following an intuitive description of the model, we discuss six recent studies, which use DCM to analyze M/EEG and local field potentials. These studies illustrate how DCM can be used to analyze evoked responses (average response in time), induced responses (average response in time‐frequency), and steady‐state responses (average response in frequency). Bayesian model comparison plays a critical role in these analyses, by allowing one to compare equally plausible models in terms of their model evidence. This approach might be very useful in M/EEG research; where correlations among spatial and neuronal model parameter estimates can cause uncertainty about which model best explains the data. Bayesian model comparison resolves these uncertainties in a principled and formal way. We suggest that DCM and Bayesian model comparison provides a useful way to test hypotheses about distributed processing in the brain, using electromagnetic data. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extranodal nasal‐type natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma masquerading as recalcitrant sinusitis
Authors: Paik Young S. , Liess Benjamin D. , Scheidt Troy D. , Ingram Ellis A. , Zitsch Robert P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground.Extranodal nasal‐type natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma is a very uncommon disease process often mimicking refractory sinusitis. The diagnosis may be discovered after an extensive exclusion process. Careful immunohistochemical evaluation is crucial to differentiate NK/T‐cell lymphoma from other malignancies.Methods and Results.We describe a 46‐year‐old white man presenting with a 4‐month history of refractory sinusitis and new onset visual field loss in his right eye, right facial tingling, and pain. Examination revealed right periorbital edema and scleritis, and necrotic appearing turbinates with purulence and fibrinous debris. CT/MRI delineated extensive paranasal sinus involvement. Immunohistopathology demonstrated extranodal nasal‐type NK/T‐cell lymphoma. Additional radiography revealed widespread involvement.Conclusion.Severe recalcitrant sinusitis with orbital involvement may be the initial presentation of NK/T‐cell lymphoma. Ulcerative or necrotic lesions in the midline of the head and neck should raise concern for this disease. In addition to radiographic and laboratory testing, large biopsies should be taken for immunohistochemical analysis to achieve diagnosis and guide further management. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Approach and safety of comprehensive central compartment dissection in patients with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Clayman Gary L. , Shellenberger Thomas D. , Ginsberg Lawrence E. , Edeiken Beth S. , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Sellin Rena V. , Waguespack Steven G. , Roberts Dianna B. , Mishra Anupam , Sherman Steven I. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundDespite the generally favorable prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid cancers, 10‐year recurrence rates for patients with stage I to III disease is greater than 20%, with central compartment recurrences common among these recurrent sites.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated by a single surgeon over an 18‐month period of time terminating in 2003.ResultsSixty‐three patients underwent a comprehensive dissection of levels VI and VII for papillary thyroid carcinoma during this period. There was a female predominance of 2:1, with 48% of patients being greater than 45 years of age. The median number of lymph nodes identified was 16 (range, 3–52), with 7 (1–20) lymph nodes pathologically involved. Permanent hypoparathyroidism was present on presentation in 13% of patients and developed in an additional 5% following surgery. Although recurrent laryngeal paralysis was present on presentation among 8 (13%) of patients, no patients experienced paralysis of documented functioning recurrent laryngeal nerves or necessitated tracheotomy. Postoperative thyroglobulin levels were reduced to nondetectable in 71% of the informative cases. Over 60% of patients were discharged on their first postoperative day.ConclusionBilateral paratracheal and superior mediastinal dissection is an oncologically safe procedure exhibiting minimal morbidity when performed among experienced individuals despite multiple prior surgical procedures or existing vocal cord paralysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Modified ileocolic free flap: Viable choice for reconstruction of total laryngopharyngectomy with total glossectomy
Authors: Rossmiller Sarah R. , Ghanem Tamer A. , Gross Neil D. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundReconstruction following total laryngopharyngectomy and total glossectomy is quite challenging. Many free flaps are not options for reconstruction of this particular defect because of the large area that requires reconstruction and the size discrepancies of the oral and esophageal stomas. We propose a modified ileocolic free flap for reconstruction of these defects.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review.ResultsTwo patients underwent a modified ileocolic free flap following total laryngopharyngectomy and total glossectomy. One of these patients was able to tolerate thin liquids by mouth, and 1 patient developed severe trismus limiting oral intake. There were no significant flap‐related complications aside from fistula in 3 patients that healed with conservative management.ConclusionsThe modified ileocolic free flap is a viable option for reconstruction following total laryngopharyngectomy and total glossectomy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Factors associated with quality of life in outpatients with head and neck cancer 6 months after diagnosis
Authors: Rogers Laura Q. , Rao Krishna , Malone James , Kandula Praveen , Ronen Ohad , Markwell Stephen J. , Courneya Kerry S. , Robbins K. Thomas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying patients with head and neck cancer at greatest risk of poor health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) will facilitate screening for such patients and targeted interventions.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, self‐administered survey with medical record review among 65 out‐patients with head and neck cancer >6 months from diagnosis and off treatment.ResultsMost were men (80%) and white (95%), with a mean age of 60 ± 13 years. The most prevalent cancer type was squamous cell (88%), site was pharyngeal (40%), and stage was III or IV (80%). Lower total HRQOL was independently associated with gastrostomy (p < .001) and history of radiation therapy (p < .05)(R2 = 0.27). Certain HRQOL subscales were also independently associated with depression, body mass index, age, and education.ConclusionsSeveral factors can be used to identify patients with head and neck cancer at risk for persistent reductions in HRQOL requiring intervention. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Endoscopic horizontal partial laryngectomy by CO2 laser in the management of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bussu Francesco , Almadori Giovanni , De Corso Eugenio , Rizzo Davide , Rigante Mario , Parrilla Claudio , Valentini Vincenzo , Paludetti Gaetano 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground.The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of endoscopic horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy (EHSL) by CO2 laser.Methods.Between 1996 and 2005, 78 patients underwent a horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy operation (HSL) with an external approach and 70 underwent laser EHSL, as treatment for supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We evaluated oncological endpoints, comparing the external and the endoscopic approach.Results.Among patients primarily treated by EHSL, the 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) was 89% (vs 80% in the external approach group). Statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences between the 2 groups as for survival nor for organ preservation. The most significant clinical predictor for DSS is neck relapse (p < .0001).Conclusions.This study confirms the effectiveness of laser EHSL in which oncological outcome is similar to the external approach and functional results are probably better. Neck management in this setting is fundamental to warrant the best survival. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Cortical efferents of the perirhinal, postrhinal, and entorhinal cortices of the rat
Authors: Agster Kara L. , Burwell Rebecca D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe investigated the cortical efferents of the parahippocampal region by placing injections of the anterograde tracers, Phaseolus vulgaris‐leuccoagglutinin, and biotinylated dextran amine, throughout the perirhinal (PER), postrhinal (POR), and entorhinal cortices of the rat brain. The resulting density of labeled fibers was evaluated in 25 subregions of the piriform, frontal, insular, temporal, cingulate, parietal, and occipital areas. The locations of labeled terminal fibers differed substantially depending on whether the location of the injection site was in PER area 35, PER area 36, POR, or the lateral or the medial entorhinal (LEA and MEA). The differences were greater for sensory regions. For example, the POR efferents preferentially target visual and spatial regions, whereas the PER efferents target all sensory modalities. The cortical efferents of each region largely reciprocate the cortical afferents, though the degree of reciprocity varied across originating and target regions. The laminar pattern of terminal fibers was consistent with the notion that the efferents are feedback projections. The density and amount of labeled fibers also differed substantially depending on the regional location of injection sites. PER area 36 and POR give rise to a greater number of heavy projections, followed by PER area 35. LEA also gives rise to widespread cortical efferents, arising mainly from a narrow band of cortex adjacent to the PER. In contrast, the remainder of the LEA and the MEA provides only weak efferents to cortical regions. Prior work has shown that nonspatial and spatial information is transmitted to the hippocampus via the PER‐LEA and POR‐MEA pathways, respectively. Our findings suggest that the return projections follow the same pathways, though perhaps with less segregration. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid stress‐induced corticosterone rise in the hippocampus reverses serial memory retrieval pattern
Authors: Chauveau F. , Tronche C. , Piérard C. , Liscia P. , Drouet I. , Coutan M. , Béracochéa D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe previously showed that an acute stress (electric footshocks) induced both a rapid plasma corticosterone rise and a reversal of serial memory retrieval pattern in a contextual serial discrimination (CSD) task. This study is aimed at determining (i) if the rapid stress effects on CSD performance are mediated by the hippocampus; (ii) if hippocampal corticosterone membrane receptor activation is involved in the rapid stress effects on CSD performance. In experiment 1, microdialysis in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) was used to measure the stress‐induced corticosterone rise; in parallel, the effect of acute stress on CSD performance was evaluated. In addition, the functional involvement of corticosterone in the behavioral effects of stress was assessed by administering metyrapone, a corticosterone synthesis inhibitor, before stress. In experiment 2, the involvement of hippocampal corticosterone membrane receptors in the stress‐induced reversal of CSD performance was studied by injecting corticosterone‐bovine serum albumin (BSA) (a membrane‐impermeable complex) in the dHPC in non stressed mice. Results showed that (i) the acute stress induced a rapid (15 min) and transitory (90 min) corticosterone rise into the hippocampus dHPC, and a reversal of serial memory retrieval pattern; (ii) both the endocrinal and memory stress‐induced effects were blocked by metyrapone; (iii) corticosterone‐BSA injection into the dHPC in non stressed mice mimicked the effects of stress on serial retrieval pattern. Overall, our study is first to show that (i) a rapid stress‐induced corticosterone rise into the dHPC transitorily reverses serial memory retrieval pattern and (ii) hippocampal corticosterone membrane receptors activation is involved in the rapid effects of acute stress on serial memory retrieval. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.