bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ruiz‐Extremera Ángeles , Carazo Ángel , Salmerón Ángela , León Josefa , Casado Jorge , Goicoechea Alejandro , Fernandez José Manuel , Garofano Maximiliano , Ocete Esther , Martín Ana Belén , Pavón Esther , Salmerón Javier 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:Obesity is associated with high prevalence of hepatic steatosis. We speculate that determinant factors of susceptibility to hepatic steatosis in obesity could differ between children and adolescents.Patients and Methods:Blood biochemical parameters, systemic oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokine levels were determined in 157 obese children and adolescents. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: children and adolescents, identified as such in accordance with Tanner stage and the measured level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. Steatosis was evaluated by ultrasonography in 127 subjects.Results:Steatosis prevalence was 44.8%. In the “children” group, those with hepatic steatosis presented higher levels of erythrocyte oxidised glutathione (GSSG) and resistin, lower levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and lower enzymatic activities of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (GRd) and glutathione oxidase (GPx). In the “adolescents” group, those with hepatic steatosis presented higher values for body mass index z score (BMIz), insulin, peptide C, homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA‐IR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides, GSSG, and leptin. These subjects also presented lower values for soluble leptin receptor, GRd, and GPx. In the “children” group, the only independent factor of steatosis was a decrease in GRd activity (odds ratio [OR] 0.165, 95% CI 0.03–0.84, P = 0.030). Moreover, in the “adolescent” group, the independent factors were higher for GSSG (OR 6.8, 95% CI 1.6–28.7, P = 0.010) and HOMA‐IR (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.17–3.1, P = 0.009).Conclusions:Factors associated with hepatic steatosis differ between obese children and adolescents. Oxidative stress is seen to be the main process in children, whereas in adolescents oxidative stress and insulin resistance are significant factors for steatosis.
Vested interests in addiction research and policy. Alcohol industry use of social aspect public relations organizations against preventative health measures
Authors: Miller Peter G. , de Groot Florentine , McKenzie Stephen , Droste Nicolas 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTAim  It has been proposed that alcohol industry ‘social aspects/public relations’ organizations (SAPROs) serve the agenda of lending credibility to industry claims of corporate responsibility while promoting ineffective industry‐friendly interventions (such as school‐based education or TV advertising campaigns) and creating doubt about interventions which have a strong evidence base (such as higher taxes on alcoholic beverages). This paper investigated whether submissions to Australia's National Preventative Health Taskforce (NPHT) from alcohol industry bodies regarding the Australian SAPRO, Drinkwise, have used this organization to demonstrate corporate responsibility while promoting industry‐friendly interventions.Method  Submissions to the Australian National Preventative Health Taskforce (NPHT) discussion paper Australia, the healthiest country by 2020 (n = 375) were examined to identify those with primary alcohol content. A thematic analysis of the resulting 33 submissions was conducted to determine which organization, institution or individual discussed Drinkwise.Setting  Australia.Findings  Nine of the 33 submissions discussed Drinkwise; all were submitted by the alcohol industry or its affiliates. Every industry submission referred to Drinkwise either as providing evidence of social responsibility or by suggesting the industry‐friendly actions of Drinkwise as alternatives to those recommended by the NPHT report.Conclusions  Drinkwise has been used by the alcohol industry to create an impression of social responsibility while promoting interventions that maintain profits and campaigning against effective interventions such as higher taxes on alcohol.
A molecular study of congenital erythropoietic porphyria in cattle
Authors: Agerholm J. S. , Thulstrup P.W. , Bjerrum M. J. , Bendixen C. , Jørgensen C. B. , Fredholm M. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) in cattle is caused by an inherited deficiency of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS) encoded by the UROS gene. In this study, we have established the pedigree of an extended Holstein family in which the disease is segregating in a manner consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. Biochemical analyses demonstrated accumulation of uroporphyrin, thus confirming that it is indeed insufficient activity of UROS which is the cause of the disease. We have therefore sequenced all nine exons of UROS in affected and non‐affected individuals without detecting any potential causative mutations. However, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located within the spliceosome attachment region in intron 8 of UROS is shown to segregate with the disease allele. Our study supports the hypothesis that CEP in cattle is caused by a mutation affecting UROS; however, additional functional studies are needed to identify the causative mutation.
Significant associations of polymorphisms in the prolactin gene with growth traits in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: He X. P. , Xia J. H. , Wang C. M. , Pang H. Y. , Yue G. H. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryProlactin (encoded by PRL) is a multifunctional hormone involved in osmoregulation, reproduction, growth, development, immunomodulation, endocrine and metabolic regulation. We cloned the full‐length cDNA of Asian seabass PRL, searched for polymorphism in the DNA sequence, and conducted association analyses. Twelve SNPs and one 4‐bp deletion were identified in PRL. The SNP c.264+127C>G was used for linkage mapping, and this gene was mapped to linkage group 11. The c.264+980_983delTTGT, c.264+127C>G, c.264+138T>G, c.264+269T>C and c.330C>G polymorphisms were genotyped in 521 individuals with growth trait records. Association analyses between single markers and growth traits revealed that the c.264+269T>C SNP was significantly associated with body weight (BW), total length (TL), standard length (SL) and Fulton’s condition factor (KTL and KSL), while the other four were not. Analysis of haplotypes showed that there were 10 haplotypes and 22 haplotype combinations in the population. The differences of BW, TL, KTL and KSL among different haplotype combinations were significant.
Identifying from recent sediment records the effects of nutrients and climate on diatom dynamics in Loch Leven
Authors: BENNION HELEN , CARVALHO LAURENCE , SAYER CARL D. , SIMPSON GAVIN L. , WISCHNEWSKI JULIANE 
Published: July 2011

Summary1. Changes in nutrients and climate have occurred over approximately the same timescales in many European lake catchments. Here, we attempt to interpret the sedimentary diatom record of a large shallow lake, Loch Leven, in relation to these pressures using information gained from analysis of long‐term data sets of water quality, climate and planktonic diatoms.2. The core data indicate the enrichment of Loch Leven starting in c. 1800–1850, most likely from agricultural practices in the catchment, with a more marked phase since c. 1940–1950 caused by increased phosphorus inputs from sewage treatment works, land drainage and a woollen mill.3. While the recent diatom plankton remains are dominated by taxa associated with nutrient‐rich conditions, an increase in Aulacoseira subarctica relative to Stephanodiscus taxa since the mid‐1980s suggests that reductions in external catchment sources of nutrients (since 1985) may have resulted in partial recovery. This observation accords well with the long‐term monitoring series of water chemistry and phytoplankton.4. On a decadal‐centennial scale, the eutrophication signal in the sediment record outweighs any evidence of climate as a control on the diatom community. However, at an inter‐annual scale, while the diatom data exhibit high variability, there are several changes in species composition in the recent fossil record that may be attributed to climatic controls.5. The study highlights the value of a palaeolimnological approach, particularly when coupled with long‐term data sets, for developing our understanding of environmental change at a range of temporal scales. The diatom record in the sediment can be used effectively to track recovery from eutrophication, but requires greater understanding of contemporary ecology to fully interpret climate impacts.6. The study illustrates the complexity of ecosystem response to synchronous changes in nutrients and climate, and the difficulty of disentangling the effects of these multiple, interacting pressures.
An expression of love – midwives’ experiences in the encounter with lesbian women and their partners
Authors: Spidsberg Bente Dahl , Sørlie Venke 
Published: July 2011

spidsberg b.d. & sørlie v. (2011) An expression of love –midwives’ experiences in the encounter with lesbian women and their partners. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(4), 796–805.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a descriptive study of midwives’ lived experiences of caring for lesbian women and their partners.Background.  A growing body of qualitative studies describes lesbian women’s experiences of maternity care. Studies about midwives’ caring experiences in the encounter are needed to improve care for lesbian women and their partners.Method.  A qualitative study, using a phenomenological‐hermeneutical method influenced by Ricoeur was conducted. Eleven midwives were recruited by snowball method. Interviews were conducted in 2009 and participants were encouraged to share events in their midwifery practice encountering lesbian women.Findings.  The midwives described the lesbian love‐relationship as strong and caring, but including elements of difference which could make the couple vulnerable. It was important for midwives to acknowledge their own attitudes and culturally sensitive non‐verbal communication; also to consider the co‐mother’s needs and role as different compared with those of fathers. Although caring for lesbian couples was seen as unproblematic, midwives described experiences of ambivalence or anxiety in the encounter and they had noticed that some couples had had negative experiences with maternity care.Conclusion.  Studies are required to map content, consequences and coping strategies regarding the ambivalent or uncertain caring situations and to assess a co‐mother’s particular role and needs during pregnancy, labour and the postnatal period to provide tailored care for lesbian couples.
Sleep, arousal and health‐related quality of life in men and women with coronary artery disease
Authors: Johansson Anna , Svanborg Eva , Swahn Eva , Ejdebäck Jan , Tygesen Hans , Edell‐Gustafsson Ulla 
Published: July 2011

Aim.  To evaluate whether there are gender differences in insomnia, sleep quality, sleep efficiency (%), general arousal, disease‐specific and health‐related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease, compared with an age‐ and gender‐matched randomly selected group from the general population.Background.  There are gender difference effects of sleep disturbances in the general population, but this perspective among patients with coronary artery disease has been poorly analysed.Design.  In this prospective study, comparative, descriptive and model testing designs were used.Method.  The patients with coronary artery disease, 556 men and 324 women aged 25–86, were compared with a matched population‐based group. Data were collected by validated and reliability‐tested questionnaires.Results.  The prevalence of severe insomnia varied between 17–44% in all four groups. The severe insomniac coronary artery disease patients displayed a two‐ or threefold higher presleep arousal, had two hours shorter nocturnal sleep duration/night and were more limited in their physical exercise level than the population‐based group. Gender differences in sleep quality, sleep efficiency (%) and general arousal disappeared with increased insomnia severity.Conclusions.  Independent of gender, age and comorbidity, physical exercise, general arousal behaviour and delayed poststress recovery after mental stress were found to have a negative impact on the coronary artery disease patients’ sleep quality and sleep efficiency (%), interfering with their health‐related quality of life. The variables significantly explained 41% of the sleep quality outcome and 29% of the sleep efficiency (%).Relevance to clinical practice.  Insomnia because of hyperarousal behaviour can be an important factor in the development of an individual self‐care management programme supported by a healthcare team.
Development and validation of a tissue cage model of acute inflammation in the cat
Authors: PELLIGAND L. , HOUSE A. K. , SUMMERS B. A. , HATZIS A. , TIVERS M. , ELLIOTT J. , LEES P. 
Published: July 2011

Pelligand, L., House, A. K., Summers, B. A., Hatzis, A., Tivers, M., Elliott, J., Lees, P. Development and validation of a tissue cage model of acute inflammation in the cat. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 239–248.Four cylindrical silicon tissue cages (TC, internal volume: 6.7 ± 0.11 cm3) were inserted subcutaneously in 29 young healthy cats. A mild inflammatory reaction was induced by intracaveal injection of 1 mL of a 2%λ‐carrageenan solution. TC exudate was subsequently sampled at predetermined times (up to 120 h) to measure exudate leucocyte counts and the concentrations of protein and eicosanoids. TC remained in situ for 9–10 months and were well tolerated. Leucocyte counts peaked at 34 h (50.1 ± 57.6 × 103 cells/mm3) and returned towards baseline after 72 h. Protein concentration increased from 26.2 ± 2.7 g/L to a peak of 35.9 ± 6.0 g/L at 12 h before returning to baseline at 48 h. Exudate prostaglandin (PG)E2 concentration peaked at 24 h (11.7 ± 13.7 ng/mL) and returned to baseline by 120 h. Repeated collection of fluid from noninjected cages did not increase transudate PGE2. Ketoprofen (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) suppressed exudate PGE2 at 24 h. The carrageenan‐stimulated TC model is an ethical and novel means of investigating soft tissue inflammation in the cat, in which exudate PGE2 acts as surrogate marker of cyclooxygenase‐2 activity. This model will facilitate the investigation of in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti‐inflammatory drugs in this species.
Role of interstitial cells of Cajal in the generation and modulation of motor activity induced by cholinergic neurotransmission in the stomach
Authors: Zhang R.‐X. , Wang X.‐Y. , Chen D. , Huizinga J. D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are intimately linked to the enteric nervous system and a better understanding of the interactions between the two systems is going to advance our understanding of gut motor control. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of ICC in the generation of gastric motor activity induced by cholinergic neurotransmission.Methods  Gastric motor activity was evoked through activation of intrinsic cholinergic neural activity, in in vitro muscle strips by electrical field stimulation, in the in vitro whole stomach by distension and in vivo by fluoroscopy after gavaging the stomach with barium sulfate. The cholinergic activity was assessed as that component of the effect of the stimulus that was sensitive to atropine. These experiments were carried out in wild‐type and Ws/Ws rats that have few intramuscular ICC (ICC‐IM) in the stomach.Key Results  Under all three experimental conditions, cholinergic activity was prominent in both wild‐type and W mutant rats providing evidence against the hypothesis that cholinergic neurotransmission to smooth muscle is primarily mediated by ICC‐IM. Strong cholinergic activity in Ws/Ws rats was not due to upregulation of muscarinic receptors in ICC but possibly in smooth muscle of the antrum.Conclusions & Inferences  Pacemaker ICC play a prominent role in the expression of motor activity induced by cholinergic activity and our data suggest that cholinergic neurotransmission to ICC affects the pacemaker frequency.
Quality of maternal thinking and mother‐child interaction in at‐risk contexts
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ GUACIMARA , RODRIGO MARÍA JOSÉ , JANSSENS JAN M.A.M. , TRIANA BEATRIZ 
Published: July 2011

Rodríguez, G., Rodrigo, M. J., Janssens, J. M. A. M. & Triana, B. (2011). Quality of maternal thinking and mother‐child interaction in at‐risk contexts.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 545–552.This study investigates how the maternal level of perspectivistic reasoning and the level of socialization goals in the representation of their actions are related to the quality of mother‐child behaviors as well as to the expert ratings on maternal practices in at‐risk contexts. It also investigated whether there is any direct link between mother and child behaviors and expert ratings. A sample of 75 mothers of children between 8 and 12 years old reported on their level of perspectivistic reasoning and were characterized by the social workers of municipal services as being coercive, neglectful or meeting their child’s needs. Interactions during a collaborative task were observed to obtain information on level of socialization goals and mother‐child behaviors. Structural equation models showed that mothers’ higher levels of perspectivism and higher levels of socialization goals positively predicted the mother’s and child’s sensitivity and active involvement in the task and negatively predicted avoidance and passivity. Higher levels of perspectivism consistently predicted experts’ views on maternal practices. However, only mother’s avoidance predicted negatively expert ratings on coercion practice, indicating that expert views were mostly derived from the mothers’ perspective on their child. The implications of these results for parental assessment and intervention programs are discussed.
Trade Liberalisation and Labour Income Share Variation: An Interpretation of China’s Deviation from the Stolper–Samuelson Theorem
Authors: Huang Xianhai , Xu Sheng , Lu Jing 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBy constructing a two‐country, three‐commodity, three‐sector theoretical model, we show that trade liberalisation has double effects, i.e., ‘factor price effect’ and ‘technology progress effect’, on labour income share. China’s deviation from the Stolper–Samuelson Theorem is mainly due to the negative effect of technology progress, which weakens the positive pulling effect of trade liberalisation on labour income share. Based on the panel data of 29 provinces and cities in China dated from 1987 to 2006, we build up an empirical model. We find that because of the offsetting cancellation of opposite effects, the overall effect of trade liberalisation on labour income share is insignificant. However, when eliminating the negative effect of technology progress on labour income share, the effect of trade liberalisation becomes significantly positive. Moreover, the positive effect of trade liberalisation has become smaller in recent years. This is because of the transformation of export structure, which has led to a decrease in the positive effect of export on labour income share.
Exports, Ownership and Firm Productivity: Evidence from China
Authors: Sun Xiaonan , Hong Junjie 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the linkage between exports, ownership and firm productivity. Based on a panel data set that covers over 70,000 Chinese firms from 2001 to 2005, the estimation results provide strong evidence that exports play an important role in enhancing firm productivity. Foreign ownership improves firm performance, but foreign‐owned exporters benefit less from exporting activities compared with domestic exporters. These results are robust to a variety of methods used and consideration of endogeneity issue. We also find that the productivity gain from exporting is greater for new entrants into the international market, and the benefit declines when firms become more experienced. Firms that involve more in exports are more likely to develop new product, suggesting that export‐market participation promotes innovation.
IKs blockade in border zone arrhythmias from guinea‐pig ventricular myocardium submitted to simulated ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Puddu Paolo Emilio , Sallé Laurent , Gérard Jean‐Louis , Rouet René , Ducroq Joffrey 
Published: July 2011

AbstractI
Ks blockade might be a promising way to treat tachyarrhythmia because of the accumulation of activated potassium channels. However, IKs blockade during ischemia/reperfusion has not been investigated. Thus, the electrophysiological effects of two IKs blockers, chromanol 293B (10 μm) and HMR 1556 (1 μm), were assessed in an in vitro model of border zone between normal and ischemic/reperfused right ventricular myocardium from guinea‐pigs, and classic electrophysiological parameters and the incidence of arrhythmias were studied. HMR 1556 and chromanol 293B exhibited slight conventional class III effects on action potential duration in the normal zone (NZ) (APD90: −2 ± 5%, not significant (NS); +6 ± 3%, NS; and +5 ± 1%, P < 0.05, respectively, in control, HMR 1556, and chromanol 293B groups) but failed to oppose its decrease after 30 min of simulated ischemic superfusion (APD90: −52 ± 5%, P < 0.01; −64 ± 5%, P < 0.01; and −61 ± 3%, P < 0.01, respectively, in control, HMR 1556, and chromanol 293B groups), leading to repolarization dispersion between normal and ischemic zones. Chromanol 293B and HMR 1556 prolonged APD90 during reperfusion, respectively, by +11 ± 1%, P < 0.01 and +25 ± 4%, P < 0.01 in the NZ and by +13 ± 3%, NS and +31 ± 2%, P < 0.01 in the simulated ischemic zone. Both compounds exhibited neutral arrhythmogenic effects during ischemia or reperfusion. Thus, IKs blockade was neutral on the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias during ischemia and reperfusion in guinea‐pig ventricular tissue.
Oral mucosa model based on a collagen–elastin matrix
Authors: Golinski P. A. , Gröger S. , Herrmann J. M. , Bernd A. , Meyle J. 
Published: July 2011

Golinski PA, Gröger S, Herrmann JM, Bernd A, Meyle J. Oral mucosa model based on a collagen–elastin matrix. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 704–711. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  The collagen‐elastin matrix (Matriderm®) is used to treat deep and full‐thickness burns and was recently described as a suitable scaffold for tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biocompatibility of Matriderm® for gingival use through creation of an oral mucosa model ex vivo.Material and Methods:  Gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes were cultured. A dermal area on the base of the collagen–elastin matrix was repopulated with fibroblasts. After 14 days, keratinocytes were seeded on this dermal area to engineer a multilayered mucosa. Analysis of the architecture was performed using light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical detection of collagen IV and cytokeratin was carried out.Results:  Based on this scaffold we generated a multilayered oral mucosa‐like structure. Histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analysis of the dermal/epidermal junction showed a typical basement membrane and hemidesmosomal structures. Neighboring keratinocytes formed desmosomes in the epidermal sections. Cytokeratin was detectable in all epidermal layers. These experiments revealed that the collagen–elastin matrix was highly biocompatible with gingival cells under ex vivo conditions.Conclusion:  Employing tissue‐engineering techniques with dermal and epidermal cells from the gingiva, a multilayered oral mucosa was generated and characterized with respect to biocompatibility for Matriderm®. The results indicate that Matriderm® is suitable for the ex vivo growth of gingival tissue cells and is a useful scaffold with possible applications in periodontal therapy.