bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetische Nanopartikel
Authors: Lüdtke‐Buzug Kerstin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIm Bereich der medizinischen Bildgebung hat die Forschung an magnetischen Nanopartikeln in den letzten Jahren durch die Erfindung eines völlig neuen bildgebenden Verfahrens enormen Auftrieb erfahren. Es geht dabei um die direkte Abbildung der räumlichen Verteilung von SPIONs (Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles) in einem magnetischen Wechselfeld. Das als Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) bezeichnete Verfahren ermöglicht es, dreidimensionale funktionelle Bilder mit hoher Sensitivität in Echtzeit zu akquirieren. Die Herstellung geeigneter Nanopartikel ist daher Gegenstand dieses Beitrags. Neben den mechanischen Top‐Down‐Verfahren hat sich hier vor allem das Bottom‐Up‐Verfahren der alkalischen Fällung als Mittel der Wahl herausgestellt, um größere Mengen des magnetischen Fluids herzustellen. Wichtig ist dabei die Qualitätskontrolle in Bezug auf die Verwendung für MPI. Das Verfahren der magnetischen Partikelspektroskopie ist hierfür besonders geeignet, weil es methodisch auf dem Verfahren der Bildgebung basiert. Neben den technischen Methoden der Synthese und Analyse magnetischer Nanopartikel wird zuletzt die medizinische Anwendung beschrieben.
Spectroscopic Properties of Gold Nanoparticles at the Single‐Particle Level in Biological Environments
Authors: Estrada Laura C. , Gratton Enrico 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLabeling cells and tissues with fluorescent probes, such as organic dyes and quantum dots (Qdots) is a widespread and successful technique for studying molecular dynamics both in vitro and in vivo. However, those probes usually suffer from undesirable photophysical/photochemical processes, such as blinking and photobleaching, limiting their utilization. The main challenges in fluorescent probe design are to improve their absorption/emission properties, and to provide higher stability against photobleaching. In the last few years, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) of various sizes, shapes, and compositions have been used as a new alternative for cellular microscopy. This is in part because—unlike common organic dyes and Qdots—metallic NPs do not bleach or blink upon continuous illumination, are extremely stable, very bright, and their luminescence spans over the visible spectrum. These characteristics make them attractive contrast agents for cell imaging both in vitro and in vivo. For these reasons, the emission of metallic NPs in bulk solutions has already been extensively characterized. In contrast with bulk experiments, where billions of molecules are measured simultaneously, single‐particle techniques allow the observation of characteristics and dynamical processes otherwise hidden in the measured average. A full understanding of the photophysical properties of the NPs is critical when they are used for single‐molecule applications. Photophysical processes can be a source of artifacts if they are not interpreted accordingly, and thus a careful characterization of these labels at the single‐particle level became crucial for the correct interpretation of the experimental results. Herein, we study some of their unique optical properties at the single‐particle level and show examples that illustrate their intrinsic heterogeneity when used in biological environments.
Growth and characterization of highly c‐axis textured SrTiO3 thin films directly grown on Si(001) substrates by ion beam sputter deposition
Authors: Panomsuwan G. , Cho S.‐P. , Saito N. , Takai O. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHighly c‐axis textured SrTiO3 (STO) thin films have been directly grown on Si(001) substrates using ion beam sputter deposition technique without any buffer layer. The substrate temperature was varied, while other parameters were fixed in order to study effect of substrate temperature on morphology and texture evolution of STO films. X‐ray diffraction, pole figure analysis, atomic force microscope, and high‐resolution electron microscopy were used to characterize and confirm quality and texture of the STO films. The experimental results show that optimum substrate temperature to achieve highly c‐axis textured films is at 700 °C. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 002STO was found to be 2° and fraction of (011) orientation was as low as 1%. The surface morphology was Volmer‐Weber growth mode with a small roughness ∼1 nm. The lowest leakage current density (5.8 μA/cm2 at 2 V) and the highest dielectric constant (εSTO ∼ 98) were found for highly c‐axis textured films grown at 700 °C. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Avian intervertebral disc arises from rostral sclerotome and lacks a nucleus pulposus: Implications for evolution of the vertebrate disc
Authors: Bruggeman Bradley J. , Maier Jennifer A. , Mohiuddin Yasmin S. , Powers Rae , Lo Yinting , Guimarães‐Camboa Nuno , Evans Sylvia M. , Harfe Brian D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDeterioration of the intervertebral discs is an unfortunate consequence of aging. The intervertebral disc in mammals is composed of three parts: a jelly‐like center called the nucleus pulposus, the cartilaginous annulus fibrosus, and anterior and posterior endplates that attach the discs to vertebrae. To understand the origin of the disc, we have investigated the intervertebral region of chickens. Surprisingly, our comparison of mouse and chicken discs revealed that chicken discs lack nuclei pulposi. In addition, the notochord, which in mice forms nuclei pulposi, was found to persist as a rod‐like structure and express Shh throughout chicken embryogenesis. Our fate mapping data indicate that cells originating from the rostral half of each somite are responsible for forming the avian disc while cells in the caudal region of each somite form vertebrae. A histological analysis of mammalian and nonmammalian organisms suggests that nuclei pulposi are only present in mammals. Developmental Dynamics 241:675–683, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost‐of‐illness studies and cost‐effectiveness analyses in eating disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Stuhldreher Nina , Konnopka Alexander , Wild Beate , Herzog Wolfgang , Zipfel Stephan , Löwe Bernd , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:To review cost‐of‐illness studies (COIs) and cost‐effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of eating disorders (EDs) and to describe their methodological quality.Method:A systematic literature search was done. Search results passed through a selection process, included studies were classified as COIs, CEAs, or “other cost studies” (OCS). Costs were inflated and converted to 2008 US$ purchasing power parities (PPP). Quality criteria were developed and applied to each study.Results:Five COI, two CEA, and eleven “OCS” were reviewed. Most studies focused on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Annual costs per patient ranged from 1,288 to 8,042 US$‐PPP. All interventions, investigated in CEA, were more effective and less costly than the alternative treatments.Discussion:The number of publications investigating costs in EDs has increased recently. However, no COI provided a comprehensive estimate of costs, and the comparability of CEA was limited. Nonetheless, the results indicate that the costs arising from EDs are substantial. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Cherry leafroll virus: Impact on olive fruit and virgin olive oil quality
Authors: Godena Sara , Bendini Alessandra , Giambanelli Elisa , Cerretani Lorenzo , Ðermić Damir , Ðermić Edyta 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe performed a survey on the yield, quality, and chemical characteristics of virgin olive oils from two olive varieties in Croatian Istria: Frantoio and Ascolana tenera, on Cherry leafroll virus‐infected and virus‐noninfected trees and on two harvest dates. Free acidity, peroxide value, specific spectrophotometric absorptions at 232 and 270 nm, fatty acid composition, total phenols, o‐diphenols, oil color, and pigments were determined. Infected olives had lower oil yield and maturity index versus healthy ones. Oils from infected fruits had significant lower value of K232 and K270 and very elevated total phenols content compared to those obtained from healthy olives. Infected Frantoio gave a lower content of o‐diphenols than the healthy ones, which is in contrast to infected Ascolana that had higher values. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical changes in virgin olive oils from healthy and infected trees related to virus influence. According to our knowledge, this is the first survey on the possible influence of viruses on olive fruits, oil yield, and virgin olive oil quality.Practical applications: There are only few papers which analyze the influence of viruses on crops (especially influence on wine quality) and their effects on yield or other agronomic parameters. This work evaluates for the first time the impact of Cherry leafroll virus on the quality of virgin olive oil obtained from Frantoio and A. tenera varieties in terms of basic parameters related to the hydrolitic and oxidative status, content in antioxidant compounds, and in pigments as well as in fatty acid composition.
Multiscale simulation of small peptides: Consistent conformational sampling in atomistic and coarse‐grained models
Authors: Bezkorovaynaya Olga , Lukyanov Alexander , Kremer Kurt , Peter Christine 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA bottom–up coarse‐graining procedure for peptides in aqueous solution is presented, where the interactions in the coarse‐grained (CG) model are determined such that the CG peptide samples conformations according to a high‐resolution (atomistic) model. It is shown that important aspects of conformational sampling, such as correlated degrees of freedom (DOF) which play an important role in secondary structure formation, can be reproduced in the CG description. In some cases, microscopic structural/conformational details are lost in the coarse‐graining process. We show that these “lost” properties can be recovered in a backmapping procedure which reintroduces atomistic DOF into CG structures — as long as the overall conformational sampling of the molecule is correctly represented in the CG level of resolution. Thus, it is possible to link an existing all‐atom model of a biomolecular system with a CG description such that after inverse mapping one can recover structures at high resolution with the correctly sampled (according to the atomistic model) conformational properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specific energy consumption in electrochemical treatment of food industry wastewaters
Authors: Güven Güray , Perendeci Altunay , Özdemir Koray , Tanyolaç Abdurrahman 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Specific energy consumption (SEC) is an important factor in electrochemical treatment of wastewaters. SEC during electrochemical treatment of food industry wastewaters, specifically deproteinated whey wastewater (DWW), simulated sugar beet factory wastewater (SFW) and fruit juice factory wastewater (FJW), were investigated in this study. The effects of operational parameters applied voltage, and electrolyte and wastewater concentrations on SEC were assessed and optimized.RESULTS: SEC values were found in the range of 0.27–148.65, 0.94–375.76 and 0.20–636.40 kWh (kg COD)−1 for DWW, SFW and FJW, respectively, after 8 h of reaction. Operational parameters were optimized at 25 °C through response surface methodology (RSM) where applied voltage was kept in the range (2–12 V), wastewater concentration and COD removal percent were maximized electrolyte concentration and SEC were minimized. Optimum conditions were estimated as 7.73 V applied voltage and 100% wastewater concentration in the presence of 27.11 g L−1 supporting electrolyte concentration to achieve 25.02, 67.74 and 43.10% COD removal for DWW, SFW and FJW with corresponding SEC values of 17.85, 22.79 and 80.47 kWh (kg COD)−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Providing further research on the reduction of SEC values, application of electrochemical treatment to food industry wastewaters with non‐biodegradable components may become an alternative to conventional methods. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
In vivo remineralization of acid‐etched enamel in non‐brushing areas as influenced by fluoridated orthodontic adhesive and toothpaste
Authors: Praxedes‐Neto Otávio José , Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra , Florêncio‐Filho Cícero , Farias Arthur Costa Rodrigues , Drennan John , Lima Kenio Costa De 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the in vivo remineralization of acid‐etched enamel in non‐brushing areas as influenced by fluoridated orthodontic adhesive and toothpaste. One hundred and twenty teeth from 30 volunteers were selected. The teeth were assigned to four treatments: no treatment (negative control); 37% phosphoric acid‐etching (PAE) (positive control); PAE + resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC); and, PAE + composite resin. Patients brushed teeth with fluoridated (n= 15) or non‐fluoridated (n= 15) toothpastes, so that etched enamel was protected with screens and it was not in contact with the brush bristles. Remineralization was evaluated by means of laser fluorescence (LF), environmental scanning electronic microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry after extraction. The LF means were compared by means of Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests. Environmental scanning electron microscopy scores were compared among the groups using a Kruskal Wallis test, whereas the Ca/P ratio was evaluated by means of an Analysis of Variance with subparcels (treatments) and Tukey's post‐hoc test. There were no statistically significant differences between the tooth pastes and between the orthodontic adhesives evaluated. Most teeth presented only partial enamel remineralization. Therefore,the fluoride released by the RMGIC was not enough to cause increased crystal regrowth in the acid‐etched enamel. The use of fluoridated toothpaste did not provide positive additional effect. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late Holocene Asian monsoon variations recorded in Lake Rara sediment, western Nepal
Authors: Nakamura Atsunori , Yokoyama Yusuke , Maemoku Hideaki , Yagi Hiroshi , Okamura Makoto , Matsuoka Hiromi , Miyake Nao , Osada Toshiki , Teramura Hirofumi , Adhikari Danda Pani , Dangol Vishnu , Miyairi Yosuke , Obrochta Stephen , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Himalayas are a key location for understanding centennial‐ to millennial‐scale variations in the Asian monsoon, yet few studies of the late Holocene have been conducted in this sensitive area. Direct evidence for shifts in monsoonal wind strength is often limited to marine proxy records, while terrestrial reconstructions (e.g. lake levels and spleothems) focus on precipitation. Here, we present the first evidence of terrestrial summer monsoon wind strength changes from Lake Rara, western Nepal, based on Mn/Ti ratios, a proxy for lake stratification. These data indicate a link between the Arabian Sea and the Himalayas, suggesting that centennial‐ to millennial‐scale changes in wind strength occurred synchronously. Distinct similarity is also observed between Lake Rara and the southern part of China, which may support previous suggestions that the southern part of China is influenced by Indian summer monsoon. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Follow‐up after primary treatment of soft tissue sarcoma of extremities: Impact of frequency of follow‐up imaging on disease‐specific survival
Authors: Chou Yi‐Sheng , Liu Chun‐Yu , Chen Wei‐Ming , Chen Tain‐Hsiung , Chen Paul Chih‐Hsueh , Wu Hung‐Ta Hondar , Chiou Hong‐Jen , Shiau Cheng‐Ying , Wu Yu‐Chung , Liu Chien‐Lin , Chao Ta‐Chung , Tzeng Cheng‐Hwai , Yen Chueh‐Chuan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe explored the impact of frequency of surveillance imaging on disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS).MethodsLocoregional imaging (LRI) and chest imaging (CI) were used to detect local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM), respectively. Relapsing patients were retrospectively assigned to more frequent surveillance (MFS) or less frequent surveillance (LFS) groups, according to the median interval for each follow‐up modality. Outcome measures included overall DSS (O‐DSS), post‐LR DSS, and post‐DM DSS.ResultsWe assigned 165 patients to three distinct risk groups according to tumor size (≤5 vs. >5 cm), depth (superficial‐ vs. deep‐seated), grade (I vs. II or III), and surgical margin (≥10 vs. <10 mm). Data for 80 patients who relapsed were analyzed. Among 50 high‐risk (with all four risk factors) relapsing patients, those in the MFS group for either LRI or CI had better O‐DSS (LRI, median 44.07 vs. 27.43 months, P = 0.008; CI, median 43.60 vs. 36.93 months, P = 0.036), post‐LR DSS (median 27.20 vs. 10.63 months, P = 0.028) and post‐DM DSS (median 13.20 vs. 6.24 months, P = 0.031).ConclusionMore frequent follow‐up were associated with improved survival in high‐risk relapsing patients with extremity STS by providing greater opportunities for adequate reoperation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:155–161. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modification and comparison of minimally invasive cochleostomy techniques: A pilot study
Authors: Cipolla Michael J. , Iyer Pritish , Dome Claudia , Welling D. Bradley , Bush Matthew L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Bimodal stimulation may offer improved auditory function following cochlear implantation. Modification of technique during cochleostomy may minimize trauma and maximize residual hearing. We hypothesize that CO2 laser use during cochleostomy is useful and may decrease intracochlear trauma. This study examines the utility of CO2 laser to perform cochleostomy and compares intracochlear sound and temperature levels during laser and drill usage.Study Design:Experimental (30 cadaveric temporal bones).Methods:A CO2 laser at 3 W (four bones) and 6 W (four bones) and otologic drill (six bones) were utilized to perform a cochleostomy while recording operative time. Subsequently, 16 bones were used to simultaneously record intracochlear sound (in decibels) and temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) during CO2 laser (eight bones) and drill cochleostomies (eight bones).Results:Average cochleostomy time for CO2 laser was 15.5 minutes (3 W) and 7.75 minutes (6 W); it was 8 minutes for the drill. Average intracochlear sound level was 54.9 dB during laser use and 89.9 dB during drill use (P < .001), whereas maximal levels were 75 to 118 dB during laser use and 95 to 136 dB during drill use (P = .018). Average temperature was 63.4°F during laser use and 61.5°F during drill use (P = .151), whereas maximum temperatures ranged from 66 to 120°F during laser use and 62 to 70°F during drill use (P = .045).Conclusions:CO2 laser can create cochleostomies comparable in operative time and intracochlear temperature to drilling while decreasing intracochlear sound levels. Further investigation is warranted to minimize trauma and maximize auditory function during cochleostomy.
Oscillating kernels and arbitrary decays in viscoelasticity
Authors: Tatar Nasser‐eddine 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this work we consider a viscoelastic problem with a kernel whose derivative may be positive on some subsets. Starting from a “generalized” necessary condition we show that it is in fact also sufficient to prove a decay of arbitrary type provided that the non‐decreasingness rate or/and zone of the kernel is small enough.
Constrained energy problems with external fields for vector measures
Authors: Zorii N. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe consider a constrained minimal energy problem with an external field over noncompact classes of vector measures (μi)i ∈ I of finite or infinite dimensions on a locally compact space. The components μi are nonnegative Radon measures satisfying normalizing conditions, supported by given Ai and such that σi − μi ≥ 0, the constraints σi, i ∈ I, being given. For a particular matrix of interaction between μi, i ∈ I, and a rather general class of positive definite kernels, sufficient conditions for the existence of minimizers are established and their uniqueness and vague compactness are studied. Examples illustrating the sharpness of the sufficient conditions are provided. We also analyze continuity properties of minimizers in the vague and strong topologies when Ai and σi are varied. Almost all results are valid also for classical kernels in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb R^n$\end{document}, which is important in applications.
Luminescent and Light Refractive Polymers: Synthesis and Optical and Photonic Properties of Poly(arylene ethynylene)s Carrying Silole and Tetraphenylethene Luminogenic Units
Authors: Jim Cathy K. W. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Qin Anjun , Zhao Zujin , Liu Jianzhao , Hong Yuning , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA facile route for the synthesis of luminescent and light refractive polymers is proposed. Silole‐containing diyne and halogenated tetraphenylethene derivatives are synthesized and their coupling reactions furnish poly(arylene ethynylene)s with high molecular weights in high yields. All of the polymers are soluble and film‐forming and possess a high thermal stability. They emit strong green lights when their solutions and nanoparticle suspensions are photoexcited. The polymers show high refractive indices with low chromatic dispersions. Their RI values can be modulated and their thin films can be crosslinked using UV irradiation, generating negative photoresist patterns.
Divergent Synthesis of Ruthenium Alkynyl Dendrimers and a Two‐Photon Absorption Cross‐Section Dendritic Effect
Authors: Green Katy A. , Simpson Peter V. , Corkery T. Christopher , Cifuentes Marie P. , Samoc Marek , Humphrey Mark G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRuthenium alkynyl dendrimers up to second generation in size have been prepared by a divergent route and exploiting Sonogashira coupling. The cubic NLO properties have been examined by wide spectral range fs Z‐scan studies, revealing an NLO dendritic effect. The significant increase in NLO properties seen on generation increase is maintained when the coefficients are scaled by the number of metal atoms, the dendrimer molecular weights, or the number of “effective” (delocalizable π) electrons in the dendritic structures.
Comparing Measures of Promiscuity and Exploring Their Relationship to Toxicity
Authors: Wang Xiangyun , Greene Nigel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecent research has focused on algorithms to derive numerical measures of selectivity based on panels of in vitro pharmacology assays so that one molecule’s activity profile may be compared easily with that of another. However, the questions concerning which method or algorithm is best to use, the optimal number of assays required to give an accurate measure of selectivity and the correlation of these measures to in vivo toxicity have remained largely unexplored. In this manuscript we describe a systematic approach to compare and contrast different calculation methods for promiscuity and determine the optimal number and constitution of a panel of assays to measure the selectivity/promiscuity of compounds across all targets. We then go on to examine their relationship to toxicity using a Pfizer proprietary compound set that has both selectivity profiles and exploratory toxicology study results. From this study we conclude that all five methods studied are useful in estimating compound selectivity; that a small panel of between 15 to 30 binding assays can be used as a surrogate for a broader panel enabling higher throughput with lower costs and this panel will most likely have the highest prediction power when correlating this measure to in vivo effects.