bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation into whether clients and/or their respective clinicians are aware of pending service exit in the first two months of treatment admission
Authors: PULFORD JUSTIN , ADAMS PETER , SHERIDAN JANIE 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. When a client exits an alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment service against clinical advice, they and their service may incur significant disadvantage. The extent of awareness by both clients and clinicians that treatment would not continue has not been examined. Accordingly, this paper presents findings from a study that sought to identify whether clients and/or their respective clinicians were aware of pending service exit that occurred within the first 2 months of treatment admission. Design and Methods. The study was set in an outpatient AOD treatment service located in Auckland, New Zealand. Data were obtained by structured questionnaire and were reported for a group of clients (n = 49), clinicians (n = 46) and matched client/clinician pairs (n = 36). Results. Overall, clients and clinicians were no more likely to accurately identify pending service exit at a rate greater than would be expected by chance alone. However, clinicians were significantly more likely to identify pending service exit as compared with their respective clients (47% vs. 25%), although a large proportion of both groups expected treatment to continue beyond what proved to be the final treatment appointment (44% and 52%, respectively). Discussion and Conclusions. These findings suggest that service exit that occurs within the first 2 months of treatment admission may be largely unpredictable and that, as a result of this unpredictability, the opportunities for a targeted response may be limited.[Pulford J, Adams P, Sheridan J. An investigation into whether clients and/or their respective clinicians are aware of pending service exit in the first two months of treatment admission. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
Five‐year longitudinal study of cannabis users in three remote Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: LEE K. S. KYLIE , CONIGRAVE KATHERINE M. , CLOUGH ALAN R. , DOBBINS TIMOTHY A. , JARAGBA MURIEL J. , PATTON GEORGE C. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. To examine predictors of cannabis use at 5 year follow up in an Australian Aboriginal cohort. Design and Methods. A longitudinal study consisting of two waves of data collection 5 years apart was conducted. Of the 100 Aboriginal residents (aged 13–36 years) interviewed about cannabis use in 2001, 83 were re‐interviewed in 2005–2006 from three remote communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. Self‐reported cannabis use was categorised at each time point (none; former use, quit≥3 months; lighter use, <6 cones, 2–3 times weekly; daily use,≥6 cones, daily) and summarised as any current use, heavy use, dependence or cessation. Other substance use, employment and involvement in school or training were also compiled. Results. Most respondents who reported cannabis use at baseline again reported use at follow up. A history of petrol sniffing predicted later heavy cannabis use (P < 0.05). Trends were evident for men to have persisting cannabis use, and for employment and/or engagement in school or training to be associated with cannabis cessation. Discussion and Conclusions. Ongoing heavy cannabis use is commonplace in this Aboriginal cohort and raises concerns for the physical, social and psychiatric burden on these already vulnerable communities. Prevention, treatment and intervention programs developed with communities are badly needed.[Lee KSK, Conigrave KM, Clough AR, Dobbins TA, Jaragba MJ, Patton GC. Five‐year longitudinal study of cannabis users in three remote Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
Barriers to methamphetamine withdrawal treatment in Australia: Findings from a survey of AOD service providers
Authors: PENNAY AMY E. , LEE NICOLE K. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Despite the high prevalence of methamphetamine use and dependence in Australia, withdrawal treatment access for methamphetamine accounts for only 9.3% of total withdrawal treatment presentations. Furthermore, treatment completion for methamphetamine users is one of the lowest of all drugs. There is not a clear understanding for the reasons why methamphetamine withdrawal treatment presentations and efficacy is so low. This study examined the current practices and barriers to methamphetamine withdrawal treatment in Australia. Design and Methods. Twenty‐four interviews were conducted with employees from alcohol and other drug services from around Australia. These services were questioned about a range of issues relating to methamphetamine withdrawal treatment including current treatment practices, perception of the effectiveness of current treatment and barriers to treatment. Results. The study found that current practices in the treatment of methamphetamine withdrawal are diverse and uncertain. Service providers identified a great number of barriers to the treatment of methamphetamine withdrawal that encompass personal, social, cultural and organisational barriers. Discussion and Conclusions. The results of this study suggest that alcohol and other drug service providers are not clear about the best way to respond to clients seeking methamphetamine withdrawal treatment. Furthermore, the study showed a general pessimism about withdrawal treatment for this group. Treatment services should consider improving withdrawal protocols, educating clinicians and reconsidering entry criteria to better respond to methamphetamine users who have made the important first step into withdrawal treatment.[Pennay AE, Lee NK. Barriers to methamphetamine withdrawal treatment in Australia: Findings from a survey of AOD service providers. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
Youth retention: Factors associated with treatment drop‐out from youth alcohol and other drug treatment
Authors: SCHRODER RIA , SELLMAN DOUG , FRAMPTON CHRIS , DEERING DARYLE 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. This study examined factors associated with treatment drop‐out among young people aged 13–19 years attending alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment. Design and Methods. Data were gathered from structured interviews (n = 79) and a clinical file search of 184 randomly selected young people who had attended youth specific AOD treatment services in Aotearoa, New Zealand during 2003 or 2004. Results. The median length of stay was 2.7 months for those attending day/residential services (n = 42) and 4.0 sessions for those attending outpatient services (n = 37) 16.7% of participants from day/residential services dropped out of treatment early (within the first month) and 32.4% of participants from outpatient treatment services dropped out of treatment early (before the third session). Fixed client characteristics, such as age, sex, ethnicity, substance use and mental health diagnoses were not found to be associated with treatment retention. Dynamic client characteristics, such as motivation to attend treatment and expectations about treatment outcomes and program characteristics, such as positive experiences with treatment staff and feeling involved in the treatment process were found to be associated with treatment retention. Discussion and Conclusions. The findings of this study support previous research indicating that fixed client characteristics are not sufficient to explain youth retention in AOD treatment. Of more use are dynamic client characteristics and program variables. These findings stress the potential for improving treatment retention by creating more youth appropriate services.[Schroder R, Sellman D, Frampton C, Deering D. Youth retention: Factors associated with treatment drop‐out from youth alcohol and other drug treatment. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
Alcohol use and the Traveller community in the west of Ireland
Authors: VAN HOUT MARIE CLAIRE 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims.
The Traveller community as ethnic minority is vulnerable to problematic alcohol use, because of social exclusion, discrimination, lack of awareness and difficulties in engaging with addiction treatment protocols. Design and Methods. This research yielded an exploratory account of Travellers and alcohol use according to the perspectives of the Travellers and key service providers in the west of Ireland, within the context of a large‐scale study on Travellers and substance use. The research consisted of 12 peer‐accompanied focus groups of Traveller men and women (n = 57) and 45 semistructured interviews with a self‐selecting sample of key service agencies. The research themes related to Traveller culture and alcohol use, sex differences, reasons for consuming alcohol, attitude to alcohol use, problematic alcohol use, levels of alcohol harm‐related knowledge, perceptions of alcohol‐related risk and experiences of addiction services. A thematic analysis of the information garnered guided this comparative analysis. Results. The Traveller community, and in particular Traveller men, are presenting with increasingly problematic alcohol use, because of dissipation of their culture and their experiences of marginalisation, discrimination, depression, illiteracy and poverty. Difficulties engaging with law enforcement, community health and addiction services compromise their efforts to deal with this problem and home detoxification attempts are common. Discussion and Conclusions. Services must aim to take into consideration the cultural needs of Travellers and provide appropriate educational materials, peer education programs and flexible treatment approaches for those Travellers experiencing problematic alcohol use. [Van Hout MC. Alcohol use and the Traveller community in the west of Ireland. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
The characteristics of acute non‐fatal medication‐related events attended by ambulance services in the Melbourne Metropolitan Area 1998–2002
Authors: HUTTON JENNIE , DENT ANDREW , BUYKX PENNY , BURGESS STEPHEN , FLANDER LOUISA , DIETZE PAUL 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims.
To describe the characteristics of non‐fatal medication‐related ambulance attendances in Melbourne. Design and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 16 705 patient care records completed by ambulance paramedics in Melbourne where medications had a causal role in the attendance. Results. A single medication only was implicated in 11 765 cases (70% of the total). Of these, 85% involved one of six types of medication: benzodiazepines (52%), paracetamol (15%), selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors (6.5%), combination paracetamol and opioids (4%), phenothiazines (3.4%) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) (3.7%). Cases involving benzodiazepines were significantly (P < 0.001) older (Average = 37 years) than those involving paracetamol (Average = 30 years). Thirty‐four per cent of cases involved concurrent alcohol use, and this varied according to drug type (paracetamol 26%, benzodiazepines 40%, selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors 35%, paracetamol and opioids 35%). An abnormal Glasgow Coma Scale score was found in 19% of cases, again varying according to drug type (paracetamol 10%, TCA 39%, benzodiazepines 21%, paracetamol and opioids 17%, phenothiazines 15%). Ten per cent of cases were not transported to hospital ranging from 3% for TCA to 13% for benzodiazepines. Discussion and Conclusions. The majority of non‐fatal medication events attended by ambulance paramedics involve one of six substances. Benzodiazepines were most commonly implicated and, as management may require only simple supportive treatment, significant numbers are not transported to hospital. The unique clinical population is identified in this study and the ongoing medical and psychiatric treatment of these patients not transported to hospital in the study period needs to be considered. [Hutton J, Dent A, Buykx P, Burgess S, Flander L, Dietze P. The characteristics of acute non‐fatal medication‐related events attended by ambulance services in the Melbourne Metropolitan Area 1998–2002. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
Risk factors for suicide attempts in patients with alcohol dependence or abuse and a history of depressive symptoms: A subgroup analysis from the WHO/ISBRA study
Authors: YALDIZLI ÖZGÜR , KUHL HANS CHRISTIAN , GRAF MARC , WIESBECK GERHARD A. , WURST FRIEDRICH M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims.
Alcoholism, depression and suicide attempts (SA) are strongly interrelated. The aims were to determine risk factors and develop a prognostic predictor model for SA in a subgroup of patients with a history of alcohol dependence or abuse and depressive symptoms. Design and Methods. A subgroup analysis from the data of the World Health Organisation (WHO)/the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ISBRA)‐collaborative study on biological state and trait marker of alcohol use and dependence, an international multi‐centre study with a cross‐sectional design, based on a standardised questionnaire. We analysed from 1314 variables 43 factors—including demographic characteristics, dependence variables, comorbid disorders, personality trait markers and family history—that were supposed to be most predictive for SA according to the literature. Correlation analyses by the χ2‐test and Mann–Whitney U‐test were performed to obtain statistical meaningful parameters for logistic regression analysis. Results. Of the 1863 persons included in the WHO/ISBRA study, 292 had both a history of depressive symptoms and alcohol dependence or abuse and were included in the subgroup analysis. In the logistic regression analysis, drinking status, depressive symptoms, adverse drinking experiences during alcohol consumption, bad experiences from drug abuse and antidepressant therapy were found to be independent risk factors for SA. Positive family history of alcoholism was a model‐improving co‐factor. This predictive model explains approximately 60% of the variance (Nagelkerkes' square). Discussion and Conclusions. This prognostic model derived from data of the WHO/ISBRA collaborative study shows important risk factors for SA in patients with history of alcohol abuse or dependence and depressive symptoms. [ Yaldizli Ö, Kuhl HC, Graf M, Wiesbeck GA, Wurst FM. Risk factors for suicide attempts in patients with alcohol dependence or abuse and a history of depressive symptoms: A subgroup analysis from the WHO/ISBRA study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
Postgraduate education for doctors in smoking cessation
Authors: ZWAR NICHOLAS A. , RICHMOND ROBYN L. , DAVIDSON DAVID , HASAN IQBAL 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Smoking cessation advice from doctors helps improve quit rates but the opportunity to provide this advice is often missed. Postgraduate education is one strategy to improve the amount and quality of cessation support provided. This paper describes a sample of postgraduate education programs for doctors in smoking cessation and suggests future directions to improve reach and quality. Design and Methods. Survey of key informants identified through tobacco control listserves supplemented by a review of the published literature on education programs since 2000. Programs and publications from Europe were not included as these are covered in another paper in this Special Issue. Results. Responses were received from only 21 key informants from eight countries. Two further training programs were identified from the literature review. The following components were present in the majority of programs: 5 As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist and Arrange) approach (72%), stage of change (64%), motivational interviewing (72%), pharmacotherapies (84%). Reference to clinical practice guidelines was very common (84%). The most common model of delivery of training was face to face. Lack of interest from doctors and lack of funding were identified as the main barriers to uptake and sustainability of training programs. Discussion and Conclusions. Identifying programs proved difficult and only a limited number were identified by the methods used. There was a high level of consistency in program content and a strong link to clinical practice guidelines. Key informants identified limited reach into the medical profession as an important issue. New approaches are needed to expand the availability and uptake of postgraduate education in smoking cessation.[Zwar NA, Richmond RL, Davidson D, Hasan I. Postgraduate education for doctors in smoking cessation. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:466–473]
Postgraduate medical education on tobacco and smoking cessation in Europe
Authors: KRALIKOVA EVA , BONEVSKI BILLIE , STEPANKOVA LENKA , POHLOVA LUDMILA , MLADKOVA NIKOL 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Issues.
Smoking prevalence in European countries is high. Adequately trained physicians can play a key role in reducing smoking rates in Europe. This paper provides an overview of postgraduate smoking cessation training for physicians in Europe. Approach. Two methods were used: (i) a review of the Europe‐based published and grey literature between 1999 and 2009 on postgraduate education programs for physicians in smoking cessation; and (ii) a survey of key informants identified through two European tobacco control list serves. Key Findings. A total of nine relevant articles were identified through the literature search which showed over 170 postgraduate training programs offered in Europe in smoking cessation. The survey resulted in a 100% response rate from 38 key informants from 28 European countries. Respondents from all countries except Latvia reported knowledge of the existence of smoking cessation training programs. Course content included brief intervention training (93%), pharmacotherapy (96%), motivational interviewing skills (85%) and training in the stages of change (89%). Participation by physicians in these courses was reported to be low (ranging in total participation estimates from 15 to 1100 per country). Implications. The study showed numerous training opportunities for physicians in Europe. However, postgraduate training in smoking cessation might not be reaching physicians and might not be rigorously evaluated. Conclusions. It is imperative that the effectiveness of the programs in changing provider practices and patient smoking outcomes is adequately evaluated. Further research is also indicated for methods of disseminating effective educational activities throughout Europe with the intention of increasing participation. [Kralikova E, Bonevski B, Stepankova L, Pohlova L, Mladkova N. Postgraduate medical education on tobacco and smoking cessation in Europe. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:474–483]
Faculty development in tobacco cessation: Training health professionals and promoting tobacco control in developing countries
Authors: MURAMOTO MYRA L. , LANDO HARRY 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Issues.
Cessation programs are essential components of comprehensive tobacco control. Health‐care providers, especially physicians, have major responsibility for role modeling and promoting cessation. For successful, sustainable cessation training programs, countries need health‐care professionals with knowledge and skills to deliver and teach tobacco cessation. Approach. Review literature relevant to faculty development in tobacco cessation and discuss its strategic potential in tobacco control. Key Findings. Faculty development is essential for sustainable tobacco cessation training programs, and a potentially powerful strategy to shift professional and societal norms towards cessation and support of comprehensive tobacco control in countries with normative tobacco use and underdeveloped tobacco control programs. Implications. Medical faculty are in a key position to influence tobacco cessation and control programs because of their roles as educators and researchers, receptivity to innovation and, influence on competencies and standards for medical education and practice. Faculty development programs must consider the number and type of faculty, and tobacco cessation curricula needed. Faculty development fosters the ability to institutionalise cessation education for students and community practitioners. Academic faculty are often leaders in their professional disciplines, influential in establishing clinical practice standards, and technical experts for government and other key health organisations. Conclusion. Training health‐care professional faculty to become knowledgeable and committed to tobacco cessation opens opportunities to promote cessation and shift professional and societal norms away from tobacco use. [Muramoto ML, Lando H. Faculty development in tobacco cessation: Training health professionals and promoting tobacco control in developing countries. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:498–506]
Preparing pharmacy students and pharmacists to provide tobacco cessation counselling
Authors: WILLIAMS DENNIS M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Issues.
Tobacco use and abuse is a major health risk for people across the world and is responsible for nearly 500 000 deaths in the USA annually. Currently, the accepted role of pharmacists is the provision of pharmaceutical care, which includes health promotion and prevention of disease. Pharmacists should work collaboratively with other health‐care professionals to provide tobacco‐cessation counselling to smokers. Approach. Recently, in the USA, a curriculum has been developed by faculty at a school of pharmacy and distributed to pharmacy schools across the nation in a train‐the‐trainer format. This curriculum has been implemented in varying degrees in schools across the USA. In addition, there are national efforts to increase the involvement of practising pharmacists in promoting tobacco cessation by offering comprehensive programs or by increasing awareness and referrals. Key Findings. The acceptance of the Rx for Change programs by schools of pharmacy has been high and the education and skills are being taught to most current pharmacy graduates. There is an increased emphasis on the role of pharmacists to assist in meeting national health goals including reducing tobacco‐related risks. Implications. Numerous opportunities exist for pharmacists to provide tobacco cessation counselling. Barriers to implementation of programs include lack of confidence by pharmacists and a perceived lack of demand by patients. Conclusion. The consequences of tobacco use are well known. Pharmacists should enhance their involvement in health promotion and disease prevention and actively develop tobacco cessation counselling programs using available resources for the benefit of their patients. [Williams DM. Preparing pharmacy students and pharmacists to provide tobacco cessation counselling. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:533–540]