bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citation analysis and bibliometric research in the field of ergonomics
Authors: Smith Derek R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGiven that journal impact factors now represent such a “hot” topic in the modern scientific world, it is essential that ergonomists remain fully cognizant of the citation‐based research that has been conducted in our field. This article reviews and examines bibliometric research in the ergonomics profession, ranging from seminal work on content analysis and citation indexing, to some of the latest research describing ergonomics journal lists and longitudinal impact factor trends. Overall, history has shown how citation‐based studies have become increasingly common in the ergonomics field during the past few decades, and, as we move through the 21st century, ergonomics journals continue to mature as a result. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Knowledge‐sharing reward dynamics in knowledge management systems: Game theory–based empirical validation
Authors: Zhang Xi , Chen Zhenjiao , Vogel Doug , Yuan Minghui , Guo Chuanjie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThere are several knowledge‐sharing problems in knowledge‐management system (KMS) contexts. Many organizations use rewards to motivate people to contribute knowledge, but there has been no conclusive evidence of the role of reward. We designed two game‐theory models to explain why and how the different knowledge‐sharing problems occur in a KMS and the effectiveness of rewards. We found that there are four types of Nash equilibriums in different knowledge‐sharing situations (Perfect, Free‐riding, Non‐use, and Dormant). Complex situations also occur (e.g., the absence of consideration for knowledge quality leads to vicious cycles). People contribute low‐quality knowledge that is not used, and thus the KMS spirals toward disuse. To provide proposition evidence, a case study in an enterprise resource planning vendor was conducted. Based on comparison with empirical evidence, proposition validity was ensured. To effectively facilitate knowledge sharing, our suggestion is that organizations not only add rewards but also apply some additional mechanisms, such as a quality‐evaluating system, extended information technology support, and organizational policy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of cooperative mechanism of industry–academy R&D alliance lab and case study
Authors: Zhao Jingyuan , Ordóñez de Pablos Patricia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWith a knowledge‐based economy emerging, knowledge and innovations have been the core elements of organizations' competitive advantages. Universities, institutes, and enterprises can reach the goal of advantage complement and innovation cooperation by establishing a research and development (R&D) alliance lab. This article focuses on an industry–academy R&D alliance lab, analyzes its motivations and impacting factors, and discusses its cooperative mechanisms. The alliance lab of Tsinghua‐Sohu Search Technology is studied as a typical case to provide a reference for industry–academy alliance R&D labs in terms of cooperative mechanisms. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A methodological framework to monitor the performance of virtual learning communities
Authors: Corallo Angelo , Maggio Marco De , Grippa Francesca , Passiante Giuseppina 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article presents a methodological framework developed to monitor the evolution of virtual learning communities intended as open communities of peers, tutors, and mentors from industry and academia. The proposed framework is described through an explorative case. It has been applied to observe and supervise a virtual learning community built around a Master's program intended to create “e‐Business Solutions Engineers.” The framework is based on two dimensions of analysis: individual growth and team growth. The first is a function of personal development and satisfaction, and the second depends on social networking dynamics and cooperative content creation. The analysis of data, collected during 10 months of exchanged e‐mails and five monthly Web surveys, has been validated through interviews with key informants and through the involvement of academic and industrial partners in the formal assessment of the learners' performance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why are clusters beneficial? A review of the literature
Authors: Jimenéz Karla Paola , Junquera Beatriz 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this work is to shed some light on the origin of some of the more important advantages of clusters. To do so, we will address the heterogeneity of the advantages of clusters by analyzing the different contributions found in the literature. Following our analysis of the literature, we can see that, first of all, different advantages are derived from the region where the cluster is located and, second, the cluster provides the businesses that comprise it with important advantages. Among the first advantages we can identify are trust, access to infrastructures, and incentives and performance quantification. The second group of advantages consists of access to information and specialized resources at a lower cost, improvement of human capital, flexibility, creation of new businesses, and innovation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic TG studies on the thermal decomposition of PVC plastisols
Authors: Marcilla A. , Beltrán M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe kinetics involved in the thermal decomposition of PVC plastisols and unmixed PVC‐plasticizer systems were compared using dynamic thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Three kinetic models were tested. In all cases thermograms obtained at different heating rates were simultaneously correlated with the same constants. Significant differences indicative of PVC‐plasticizer (DOP) interactions were found between the plastisol systems and the unmixed PVC‐plasticizer systems. When the plasticizer is in the paste, its evolution suffers a delay with respect to the case when PVC and plasticizer were separated. The activation energy for DOP evolution takes the value 109.2 in the first case and 81.6 KJ/mol in the second case. PVC decomposition takes place at lower temperatures when it is in the paste, and its activation energy is 177.4 and 206.7 KJ/mol for PVC in plastisol and unmixed PVC, respectively.
Novel micaceous reinforcing fillers with fire and smoke retarding qualities
Authors: Schott N. R. , Rahman M. , Perez M. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper describes Miconite (hydrated potassium, magnesium aluminosilicate) and explains the processability and properties of Miconite‐filled propylene homopolymer. With particles averaging 2.5 and 44 microns, this study found the compound processability, as given by its melt index, unchanged for filler loadings lower than 35%. Tensile strength of the original polymer doubled with the addition of the first 10% of Miconite and stayed constant for all loadings tested up to 60%. Tensile modulus increased linearly with filler loading. Elongation and impact behavior showed negligible decreases for loadings lower than 30%. Deterioration by ultraviolet and/or heat‐aging was negative. Miconite provides matrix materials with fire and smoke retarding qualities.
Flame retardant performance of a modified aluminum trihydroxide with increased thermal stability
Authors: Stinson John M. , Horn William E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA modified form of aluminum trihydroxide has been synthesized that is thermally stable to approximately 350°C. Flame retardant and smoke generation performance in low melting temperature thermoplastics, such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, and ethylene vinylacetate, are comparable to unmodified ATH. The increased thermal stability also allows this material to be used in thermoplastics with higher melting temperatures, such as polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyphenylene oxide, where ATH cannot be used.
Aging of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6,6 automobile underhood parts
Authors: Bigg D. M. , Kanellopoulos V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractParts used under the hood of automobiles are increasingly made from polymeric materials. These parts are often exposed to relatively high temperatures and corrosive chemicals, exposure conditions that can affect their long‐term performance. This paper provides quantitative information on the combined effect of high temperatures and corrosive chemicals on the long‐term performance of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6,6 parts. Glass fiber reinforced nylon 6,6 is one of the more widely used polymers in underhood applications. Parts made from this material include radiator headers, oil caps, and, more recently, intake manifolds. In this project the in‐service environmental conditions imposed on an oil cap and radiator were monitored, and the exposed parts examined by dynamic mechanical analysis. Data taken from the exposed parts were compared to comparably laboratory aged samples. The basic finding was that glass fiber reinforced nylon 6,6 parts should have an excellent survival rate in the parts investigated.
Biofibers as reinforcing fillers in thermoplastic composites
Authors: Schneider J. P. , Myers G. E. , Clemons C. M. , English B. W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFour biofiber materials were compared against wood flour for their ability to act as reinforcing fillers in melt‐blended composites with polypropylene as the matrix polymer. The four materials were a waste wood composite (mixture of plywood, particleboard, and fiberboard), kenaf core, a waste jute–polyester composite panel, and waste newspaper. The composites were prepared either by extrusion or by blending in a high intensity thermokinetic mixer (K‐mixer), and mechanical properties were determined on injection molded specimens. Although some property differences were observed compared to wood flour/polypropylene composites, it appeared that any of the four materials might substitute for wood flour if local supply and cost circumstances offered advantages. However, waste newspaper clearly provided the best balance of mechanical properties relative to the other three test materials or wood flour. Relative to wood flour, waste newspaper filler increased unnotched impact by over 30 percent and flexure and tensile strengths by about 25 percent.
Comparative study of organofunctional water‐borne silanes as couplants in nylon‐66 composites
Authors: Zolotnitsky M. , Steinmetz J. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUse of silane coupling agents enables the significant improvement of the performance of thermoplastic composites. Water‐borne silane coupling agents may offer a more environmentally friendly alternative. Compositions of nylon 66 with silane and water‐borne silane treated mineral fillers: clay, talc, mica and wollastonite were prepared and comparatively evaluated. Filler dispersion, mechanical properties, and thermoplastic matrix‐mineral substrate interface were studied. It may be gathered from the results of the study that water‐borne silanes by themselves or in combination with some additives exhibit equal or better performance than regular silanes.
Polyvinyl chloride pipe degradation studies in natural environments
Authors: Hussain Ikram , Hamid S. Halim , Khan Javaid H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPVC pipes are generally stabilized with lead, tin, or calcium‐zinc based additives. The performance of PVC products in outdoor applications is highly dependent on the types of stabilizers used and environmental factors such as UV radiation, temperature, humidity, rain, dust, etc. This study involves two‐year exposure of a lead‐stabilized and titanium dioxide‐pigmented PVC pipe at Dhahran (Saudi Arabia) and Miami, Florida. The white pigmented PVC pipes are mostly used outdoor for low pressure potable water services, irrigation in greenhouses, and electrical conduits in Saudi Arabia. The PVC pipe formulation stabilized with Pb‐stabilizer provides good light stability and is also widely used for potable water pipes. The pipes are exposed not only to the natural environment during outdoor usage but also to high UV doses, and to high temperatures during transportation, installation, and long‐term storage. Changes in the exposed pipe were monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), and mechanical properties testing. The data show that the PVC pipe lost 50 percent of its elongation at break within 12 to 16 months at Dhahran and more than 24 months in Florida during outdoor exposure. The growth of carbonyl groups and the lowering of the glass transition temperature (Tg) was also observed during this exposure period. The extents of degradation of the PVC pipe exposed at the Dhahran and Florida sites were compared.
Indoor air quality and the emissions of VOCs from interior products
Authors: Tshudy James A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIndoor air quality (IAQ) has developed into an important environmental and health concern. IAQ legislation has been introduced in the U.S. Congress. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise a part of the total concern about IAQ. Types and sources of pollutants contributing to IAQ are identified. Some strategies for reducing VOCs in indoor air are provided, and various sources of VOCs are identified. Various means of reducing VOC emissions from products are presented. Government regulatory agencies have begun to introduce legislation focusing on regulation of IAQ. Discussed is how these regulations, some proposed legislation, and customer concerns will affect both product manufacturers and their suppliers.
How to obtain maximum underwriters laboratories coverage
Authors: Hattori Kiyo , Morford Scott , Delaney Duane T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNormally one seeks Underwriters Laboratories (UL) approval for one or two specific products. This paper describes how approvals were obtained for a very wide range of filled polypropylenes. Coverage included: talc or calcium carbonate fillers, all filler contents from 10% to 50%, carrier resins from homopolymer to high impact copolymer, minimum thickness down to 1.47 mm (0.058 inch), all colors, and a choice of a single product or a blend of filled and unfilled resin. This gives the customer the widest choice of UL‐approved filled polypropylenes.
Intestine-Specific, Oral Delivery of Captopril/Montmorillonite: Formulation and Release Kinetics
Authors: Madurai Suguna Lakshmi , Joseph Stella Winnarasi , Mandal Asit Baran , Tsibouklis John , Reddy Boreddy SR 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe intercalation of captopril (CP) into the interlayers of montmorillonite (MMT) affords an intestine-selective drug delivery system that has a captopril-loading capacity of up to ca. 14 %w/w and which exhibits near-zero-order release kinetics.
Aesthetic package design: A behavioral, neural, and psychological investigation
Authors: Reimann Martin , Zaichkowsky Judith , Neuhaus Carolin , Bender Thomas , Weber Bernd 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn four experiments, this research sheds light on aesthetic experiences by rigorously investigating behavioral, neural, and psychological properties of package design. We find that aesthetic packages significantly increase the reaction time of consumers' choice responses; that they are chosen over products with well‐known brands in standardized packages, despite higher prices; and that they result in increased activation in the nucleus accumbens and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, according to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results suggest that reward value plays an important role in aesthetic product experiences. Further, a closer look at psychometric and neuroimaging data finds that a paper‐and‐pencil measure of affective product involvement correlates with aesthetic product experiences in the brain. Implications for future aesthetics research, package designers, and product managers are discussed.
Same-sex marriage in China? The strategic promulgation of a progressive policy and its impact on LGBT activism
Authors: HILDEBRANDT TIMOTHY 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUsing the case of same-sex marriage in China, this article explores two fundamental questions: What motivates a non-democratic state to promulgate a progressive human rights policy? More importantly, when a non-democratic state adopts such policies, what is the impact on activism? I argue that same-sex marriage legislation could be used strategically to improve China's human rights reputation. While this would extend a pinnacle right to gays and lesbians, the benefits might not outweigh the costs: I show that when imposed from above, a same-sex marriage law would incur opportunity costs on activism; the passage of this progressive policy would eliminate an important issue around which the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans-gender/-sexual (LGBT) community might develop. Moreover, even if such policy is promulgated, the right to marry will do little to challenge the larger social pressures that make life difficult for LGBT Chinese.
Security after emancipation? Critical Theory, violence and resistance
Authors: PEOPLES COLUMBA 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWithin the current configuration of Critical Security Studies (CSS) the concept of ‘emancipation’ is upheld as the keystone of a commitment to transformative change in world politics, but comparatively little is said on the status of violence and resistance within that commitment. As a means of highlighting this relative silence, this article examines the nature of the connection between CSS and the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School. In particular it disinters the reflections of Herbert Marcuse on the connections between emancipatory change, violence and resistance as a means of interrogating and challenging the definition of ‘security as emancipation’. Doing so, it is argued, points towards some of the potential limitations of equating security and emancipation, and provides a provocation of contemporary CSS from within its own cited intellectual and normative foundations.
Deterrence theory: where do we stand?
Authors: QUACKENBUSH STEPHEN L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAlthough deterrence theory was a central focus in the study of International Relations during the Cold War, attention has shifted away from deterrence since the end of that conflict. Nonetheless, deterrence is a general phenomenon that is not limited to any particular time or space. Moving beyond a simple focus on the US-Soviet relationship, scholars have recently begun further explorations of deterrence, through development of theory, analysis of policy alternatives, and empirical analysis. This article seeks to evaluate where deterrence theory stands today through: (1) a consideration of distinctions between different strands of theory; (2) a discussion of the assumption of rationality in deterrence theory; (3) an examination of three important distinctions in deterrence; (4) an evaluation of the difficult task of testing deterrence theory, and (5) an overview of recent theoretical developments. The primary conclusion is that perfect deterrence theory provides a logically consistent alternative to classical deterrence theory and therefore provides the most appropriate basis for further theoretical development, empirical testing, and application to policy.
The regional dimensions of state failure
Authors: WOLFF STEFAN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe academic and policy debate on state failure reaches back to the early 1990s. Since then, its empirical and analytical sophistication has grown, yet the fact that state failure is a regional phenomenon, that is, that it occurs in clusters of geographically contiguous states, has largely been overlooked. This article first considers the academic and policy debates on state failure in the Political Science/International Relations and Development Studies literatures, and offers a definition of state failure that is derived from the means of the state, rather than its ends. Subsequently engaging with existing scholarship on the concept of ‘region’ in international security, the article develops a definition of ‘state failure regions’. Further empirical observation of such regions and additional conceptual reflections lead to establishing an analytical model for the study of state failure regions and allow indentifying a number of concrete gains in knowledge and understanding that can result from its application.
Bilingual children's acquisition of the past tense: a usage-based approach
Authors: PARADIS JOHANNE , NICOLADIS ELENA , CRAGO MARTHA , GENESEE FRED 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTBilingual and monolingual children's (mean age=4;10) elicited production of the past tense in both English and French was examined in order to test predictions from Usage-Based theory regarding the sensitivity of children's acquisition rates to input factors such as variation in exposure time and the type/token frequency of morphosyntactic structures. Both bilingual and monolingual children were less accurate with irregular than regular past tense forms in both languages. Bilingual children, as a group, were less accurate than monolinguals with the English regular and irregular past tense, and with the French irregular past tense, but not with the French regular past tense. However, bilingual children were as accurate as monolinguals with the past tense in their language of greater exposure, except for English irregular verbs. It is argued that these results support the view that children's acquisition rates are sensitive to input factors, but with some qualifications.
Mastering inflectional suffixes: a longitudinal study of beginning writers' spellings*
Authors: TURNBULL KATHRYN , DEACON S. HÉLÈNE , KAY-RAINING BIRD ELIZABETH 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis study tracked the order in which ten beginning spellers (Mage=5 ; 05;SD=0·21 years) mastered the correct spellings of common inflectional suffixes in English. Spellings from children's journals from kindergarten and grade 1 were coded. An inflectional suffix was judged to be mastered when children spelled it accurately in 90 percent of the contexts in which it was grammatically required, a criterion used to study the order of acquisition of grammatical morphemes in oral language. The results indicated that the order in which children learned to spell inflectional suffixes correctly is similar to the order in which they learn to use them in oral language, before school age. Discrepancies between the order of mastery for inflectional suffixes in written and oral language are discussed in terms of English spelling conventions, which introduce variables into the spelling of inflected words that are not present in oral language.
A new interpretation of components in the ERG signals to sine wave luminance stimuli at different temporal frequencies and contrasts
Authors: PANGENI GOBINDA , HORN FOLKERT K. , KREMERS JAN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFull-field electroretinograms were recorded from five normal human subjects using white light (mean luminance: 250 cd/m2) sine wave stimuli at different frequencies and contrasts. In agreement with previous studies, we found that the amplitude of the fundamental component displayed a dip at about 12 Hz, coinciding with a maximum in the second harmonic component, indicating frequency doubling of the responses. By including measurements at different contrasts, we were able to recognize two (sine-like and transient) response components. We found that the waveform of the transient response was relatively frequency independent. An algorithm to separate the two components was developed. The interaction between these two components can explain the frequency-doubled responses around 12 Hz. The sine-like component is more linear and prominent in the low-frequency region, whereas the transient seems to be more nonlinear and prominent in the high-frequency region.