bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in colon cancer surgery in Ontario: 2002–2009
Authors: Chan B. P. , Gomes T. , Musselman R. P. , Auer R. C. , Moloo H. , Mamdani M. , Al‐Omran M. , Boushey R. P. , AlObeed O. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim  The safety and efficacy of laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer is well established but its uptake in the province has not been previously explored. We report an investigation of the trends of open and laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer in Ontario, Canada.Method  A retrospective cross‐sectional time‐series analysis examining population‐based rates of elective surgery for colon cancer among 10.5 million adults in Ontario was conducted from 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2009. Databases were linked to assess quarterly elective procedure rates over time.Results  During the study period, 3950 laparoscopic and 13 048 open elective colon cancer operations were performed in Ontario. The overall quarterly rate of colon cancer surgery remained stable at an average of 5.8 per 100 000 population (P = 0.10). From the first and last quarter, the rate of laparoscopic operations increased nearly threefold from 0.8 to 2.2 per 100 000 population with a notable increase after 2005 (P < 0.01). In contrast, open surgery decreased by more than 30% from 5.3 to 3.5 per 100 000 population (P < 0.01). If current trends continue, the projected proportion of laparoscopic colon operations is estimated to reach 41% by 2015. Patients receiving open surgery had a significantly higher preoperative comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 3) than those having laparoscopy (47.8%vs 39.1%, standardized difference 0.26).Conclusion  Trends in Ontario of laparoscopic colon cancer surgery show an increase between 2002 and 2009, but the incidence remains lower than for open surgery.
A comparison of published rates of resection margin involvement and intra‐operative perforation between standard and ‘cylindrical’ abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer
Authors: Krishna A. , Rickard M. J. F. X. , Keshava A. , Dent O. F. , Chapuis P. H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim  The study aimed to compare recent reports on standard and alternative methods of abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer regarding the rates of circumferential resection margin involvement and intra‐operative bowel perforation.Method  Data on rates of margin involvement and perforation were obtained from eight recently published reports and also from a prospective registry of resections at Concord Hospital. Rates of these outcomes and their 95% confidence intervals were evaluated.Results  There was no evidence that extralevator abdominoperineal excision yielded significantly lower rates of resection margin involvement or intra‐operative bowel perforation compared with standard abdominoperineal excision in six independent hospital‐ and population‐based patient series. Abdominosacral resection of the rectum, on the other hand, did show significantly lower rates of these endpoints, albeit in selected patients.Conclusion  The role of extralevator abdominoperineal excision and abdominosacral resection of the rectum should be investigated further in randomized controlled trials.
Extended biopsy based criteria incorporating cumulative cancer length for predicting clinically insignificant prostate cancer
Authors: Komai Yoshinobu , Kawakami Satoru , Numao Noboru , Fujii Yasuhisa , Saito Kazutaka , Kubo Yuichi , Koga Fumitaka , Kumagai Jiro , Yamamoto Shinya , Yonese Junji , Ishikawa Yuichi , Fukui Iwao , Kihara Kazunori 
Published: July 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (inception cohort)Level of Evidence 2What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The criteria used for selecting patients with prostate cancer for active surveillance (AS) are still not satisfactory due to the difficulty in predicting the significance of the prostate cancer.Urologists could predict insignificant prostate cancer by incorporating cumulative cancer length and biopsy Gleason score, derived from extended biopsy. The present study has added new criteria for predicting insignificant prostate cancer, which would lead to a better selection of candidates for AS.OBJECTIVE
To develop extended biopsy based criteria for predicting insignificant cancer (IC) using extended biopsy findings.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From 2000 to 2009, 1575 patients with prostate cancer were primarily treated by radical prostatectomy in two referral hospitals.
Of these, the study cohort comprised 499 patients with extended biopsy confirmed, clinically organ‐confined (cT1–2N0M0) prostate cancer with PSA levels of <20 ng/mL.
Cancer information obtained through extended biopsy included cumulative cancer length (CCL) divided by the number of biopsy cores (CCL/core).
RESULTS
Pathological examination revealed 39 ICs (7.8%). All these ICs fell in a category of prostate cancer with clinical stage ≤T2a and 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference (ISUP) modified biopsy Gleason score ≤7.
Accordingly, we analysed predictors of IC in a subset cohort of 370 patients in this category. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that 2005 ISUP modified biopsy Gleason score and CCL/core were independently significant predictors of IC.
We determined a threshold value of CCL/core of 0.20 mm for predicting IC using receiver operating characteristic analysis.
Based on these findings, we developed simple extended biopsy based criteria for predicting IC as follows: (i) PSA level of <20 ng/mL; (ii) Clinical stage ≤T2a; (iii) 2005 ISUP modified biopsy Gleason score ≤6; (iv) CCL/core of <0.20 mm.
The specificity of the criteria was 91%, which was significantly higher than the value from a subset of criteria without item iv (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
We have developed extended biopsy based criteria for predicting IC incorporating the 2005 ISUP modified biopsy Gleason score and CCL/core.
Long‐term oncological outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hruza Marcel , Bermejo Justo Lorenzo , Flinspach Bettina , Schulze Michael , Teber Dogu , Rumpelt Hans Joachim , Rassweiler Jens Jochen 
Published: July 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) has shown good oncological short‐term and mid‐term outcomes, but long‐term outcomes are still lacking.
We present long‐term oncological outcomes of LRP in a large cohort of patients operated on in one of the pioneering European centres. The data from the present study show high rates of biochemical and clinical recurrence‐free survival and low cancer‐specific mortality compared with open series.
Objectives
To investigate long‐term oncological outcomes after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).
To identify parameters influencing recurrence‐free survival in a single‐institution series.
Patients and Methods
All patients underwent LRP using the transperitoneal retrograde Heilbronn technique. High‐risk patients received adjuvant treatment according to an institutional algorithm based on prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, tumour‐node‐metastasis stage, margin status and tumour volume.
Data were collected prospectively on operative and postoperative parameters beginning in 1999. Complete follow‐up data of 370 of the first 500 consecutive patients are available.
Biochemical recurrence was defined as two consecutive PSA levels <0.2 ng/mL within the follow‐up period.
Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox regression were applied to examine recurrence‐free survival times.
Results
The estimated biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BCRFS) rates 10 years after LRP were 80.2% in patients staged pT2, 47.4% in those staged pT3a and 49.8% in those staged pT3b/4, confirming a better prognosis in patients with organ‐confined disease (P < 0.001).
In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, only Gleason score and pT stage significantly influenced BCRFS.
The 10‐year clinical progression‐free survival rates were 97.2% (pT2), 84.4% (pT3a) and 78.1% (pT3b/4), and prostate cancer‐specific survival estimates were 100% (pT2), 97.3% (pT3a) and 90.6% (pT3b/4).
Conclusions
The 10‐year biochemical and clinical progression‐free survival after LRP combined with a risk‐adapted concept of adjuvant therapy is high, while prostate‐cancer specific mortality is low. Our data shows no negative impact of laparoscopic techniques on oncologic outcomes compared to large series after retropubic radical prostatectomy.
In a multivariate Cox regression, only Gleason score and pT stage had significant impact on BCRFS.
From prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) to precursor PSA (proPSA) isoforms: a review of the emerging role of proPSAs in the detection and management of early prostate cancer
Authors: Hori Satoshi , Blanchet Jean‐Sebastien , McLoughlin John 
Published: July 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Despite the popularity of PSA blood testing for prostate cancer, there are a number of important limitations of this popular serum marker including the limited ability to accurately distinguish patients with and without prostate cancer and those who harbour an aggressive form of the disease. This is especially true when the total PSA is <10 ng/mL. Thus, significant efforts have been placed to find new serum markers that can help overcome these limitations.In this review article, we discuss the emerging role of the various precursor forms of PSA (proPSAs), with a special emphasis on [‐2]proPSA in the detecion and management of early prostate cancer. The clinical utility of Prostate Health Index (phi) is also discussed.
Despite the overall success of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) blood test, its use as a serum marker for prostate cancer has been limited due to the lack of specificity, especially in men presenting with a total PSA (tPSA) level of <10 ng/mL. PSA testing has also resulted in an increase in the number of patients being diagnosed with low‐grade, potentially clinically insignificant prostate cancer.
There is therefore an urgent need for new markers that can accurately detect as well as differentiate patients with aggressive vs unaggressive prostate cancer.
In this review, we discuss the emerging role of precursor forms of PSA (proPSAs) and the Prostate Health Index (phi) measurement in the detection and management of early stage prostate cancer.
A literature search was conducted using PubMed® to identify key studies.
Studies to date suggest that [‐2]proPSA, a truncated form of proPSA is the most cancer‐specific form of all, being preferentially expressed in cancerous prostatic epithelium and being significantly elevated in serum of men with prostate cancer.
There is evidence to suggest that %[‐2]proPSA measurement ([‐2]proPSA/free PSA [fPSA] × 100) improves the specificity of both tPSA and fPSA in detecting prostate cancer.
phi incorporating [‐2]proPSA, fPSA and tPSA measurements has also yielded promising results and appears superior to tPSA and fPSA in predicting those patients with prostate cancer. Increased phi levels also seem to preferentially detect patients harbouring more aggressive disease.
Further studies in the form of large, multicentre, prospective trials with detailed health economic analyses are required to evaluate the true clinical applicability of these novel markers.
Genetic predisposition to early recurrence in clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Borque Ángel , del Amo Jokin , Esteban Luis M. , Ars Elisabet , Hernández Carlos , Planas Jacques , Arruza Antonio , Llarena Roberto , Palou Joan , Herranz Felipe , Raventós Carles X. , Tejedor Diego , Artieda Marta , Simon Laureano , Martínez Antonio , Carceller Elena , Suárez Miguel , Allué Marta , Sanz Gerardo , Morote Juan 
Published: July 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Currently available nomograms to predict preoperative risk of early biochemical recurrence (EBCR) after radical prostatectomy are solely based on classic clinicopathological variables. Despite providing useful predictions, these models are not perfect. Indeed, most researchers agree that nomograms can be improved by incorporating novel biomarkers. In the last few years, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with prostate cancer, but little is known about their impact on disease recurrence.
We have identified four SNPs associated with EBCR. The addition of SNPs to classic nomograms resulted in a significant improvement in terms of discrimination and calibration. The new nomogram, which combines clinicopathological and genetic variables, will help to improve prediction of prostate cancer recurrence.
Objectives
To evaluate genetic susceptibility to early biochemical recurrence (EBCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP), as a prognostic factor for early systemic dissemination.
To build a preoperative nomogram to predict EBCR combining genetic and clinicopathological factors.
Patients and Methods
We evaluated 670 patients from six University Hospitals who underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa), and were followed‐up for at least 5 years or until biochemical recurrence.
EBCR was defined as a level prostate‐specific antigen >0.4 ng/mL within 1 year of RP; preoperative variables studied were: age, prostate‐specific antigen, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score, and the genotype of 83 PCa‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Univariate allele association tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to generate predictive models for EBCR, with clinicopathological factors and adding SNPs.
We internally validated the models by bootstrapping and compared their accuracy using the area under the curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement, calibration plots and Vickers' decision curves.
Results
Four common SNPs at KLK3, KLK2, SULT1A1 and BGLAP genes were independently associated with EBCR.
A significant increase in AUC was observed when SNPs were added to the model: AUC (95% confidence interval) 0.728 (0.674–0.784) vs 0.763 (0.708–0.817).
Net reclassification improvement showed a significant increase in probability for events of 60.7% and a decrease for non‐events of 63.5%.
Integrated discrimination improvement and decision curves confirmed the superiority of the new model.
Conclusions
Four SNPs associated with EBCR significantly improved the accuracy of clinicopathological factors.
We present a nomogram for preoperative prediction of EBCR after RP.
Does radical nephrectomy increase the risk of erectile dysfunction compared with partial nephrectomy? A cohort analysis
Authors: Kopp Ryan P. , Dicks Brian M. , Goldstein Irwin , Mehrazin Reza , Silberstein Jonathan L. , Colangelo Caroline J. , Bagrodia Aditya , Bazzi Wassim M. , Wake Robert W. , Patterson Anthony L. , Kane Christopher J. , Wan Jim Y. , Derweesh Ithaar H. 
Published: July 2012

Study Type – Therapy (prospective cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a form of endothelial dysfunction that is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that partial nephrectomy (PN) would limit development of ED compared with radical nephrectomy (RN), primarily due to renal function preservation, and found that patients undergoing RN had significantly higher de novo ED compared with a contemporary, well‐matched cohort undergoing PN; in addition to RN, hypertension, CKD and diabetes mellitus were associated with developing ED. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating an increased risk of ED after RN compared with PN.OBJECTIVES
To evaluate prevalence and risk factors for development of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients who underwent radical nephrectomy (RN) and partial nephrectomy (PN).
ED is a form of endothelial dysfunction that is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). PN confers superior renal functional preservation compared with RN; however, the impact on ED is unclear.
METHODS
This was a retrospective study of 432 patients (264 RN/168 PN, mean age 58 years, mean follow‐up 5.8 years) who underwent surgery for renal tumours between January 1998 and December 2007.
The primary outcome was rate of de novo ED postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included development of CKD (estimated GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and response to phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors.
Multivariate analysis was performed to determine risk factors for de novo ED postoperatively.
RESULTS
RN and PN groups had similar demographics and comorbidities.
Tumour size (cm) was larger for RN (RN 7.0 vs PN 3.7, P < 0.001) and more preoperative ED existed in PN vs RN (P= 0.042). No differences were observed for preoperative CKD, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus.
Postoperatively, higher rates of de novo ED (29.5% vs 9.5%, P < 0.001) and CKD (33.0% vs 9.8%, P < 0.001) developed in RN vs PN cohorts, respectively.
Of men with ED, 63% responded to phosphodiesterase inhibitors, without significant difference between the two groups (P= 0.896).
Multivariate analysis demonstrated de novo ED to be associated with RN (odds ratio [OR] 3.56, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 2.32, P= 0.014), preoperative (OR 8.77, P < 0.001) and postoperative (OR 2.64, P= 0.001) CKD, and postoperative diabetes mellitus (OR 2.93, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients undergoing RN had significantly higher de novo ED compared with a contemporary, well‐matched cohort undergoing PN. In addition to RN, hypertension, CKD and diabetes mellitus were associated with developing ED.
Further investigation on effects of surgically induced nephron loss on ED is requisite.
Telomere length in blood and skeletal muscle in relation to measures of glycaemia and insulinaemia
Authors: Ahmad S. , Heraclides A. , Sun Q. , Elgzyri T. , Rönn T. , Ling C. , Isomaa B. , Eriksson K.‐F. , Groop L. , Franks P. W. , Hansson O. 
Published: July 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, e377–e381 (2012)AbstractAims  Skeletal muscle is a major metabolic organ and plays important roles in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and insulin action. Muscle telomere length reflects the myocyte’s exposure to harmful environmental factors. Leukocyte telomere length is considered a marker of muscle telomere length and is used in epidemiologic studies to assess associations with ageing‐related diseases where muscle physiology is important. However, the extent to which leucocyte and muscle telomere length are correlated is unknown, as are their relative correlations with glucose and insulin concentrations. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of these relationships.Methods  Leucocyte and muscle telomere length were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in participants from the Malmö Exercise Intervention (n = 27) and the Prevalence, Prediction and Prevention of Diabetes—Botnia studies (n = 31). Participants in both studies were free from Type 2 diabetes. We assessed the association between leucocyte telomere length, muscle telomere length and metabolic traits using Spearmen correlations and multivariate linear regression. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between leucocyte and muscle telomere length.Results  In age‐, study‐, diabetes family history‐ and sex‐adjusted models, leucocyte and muscle telomere length were positively correlated (r = 0.39, 95% CI 0.15–0.59). Leucocyte telomere length was inversely associated with 2‐h glucose concentrations (r = −0.58, 95% CI −1.0 to −0.16), but there was no correlation between muscle telomere length and 2‐h glucose concentrations (r = 0.05, 95% CI −0.35 to 0.46) or between leucocyte or muscle telomere length with other metabolic traits.Conclusions  In summary, the current study supports the use of leucocyte telomere length as a proxy for muscle telomere length in epidemiological studies of Type 2 diabetes aetiology.
Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery from wheat next‐generation sequence data
Authors: Lai Kaitao , Duran Chris , Berkman Paul J. , Lorenc Michał T. , Stiller Jiri , Manoli Sahana , Hayden Matthew J. , Forrest Kerrie L. , Fleury Delphine , Baumann Ute , Zander Manuel , Mason Annaliese S. , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David 
Published: July 2012

SummarySingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant type of molecular genetic marker and can be used for producing high‐resolution genetic maps, marker‐trait association studies and marker‐assisted breeding. Large polyploid genomes such as wheat present a challenge for SNP discovery because of the potential presence of multiple homoeologs for each gene. AutoSNPdb has been successfully applied to identify SNPs from Sanger sequence data for several species, including barley, rice and Brassica, but the volume of data required to accurately call SNPs in the complex genome of wheat has prevented its application to this important crop. DNA sequencing technology has been revolutionized by the introduction of next‐generation sequencing, and it is now possible to generate several million sequence reads in a timely and cost‐effective manner. We have produced wheat transcriptome sequence data using 454 sequencing technology and applied this for SNP discovery using a modified autoSNPdb method, which integrates SNP and gene annotation information with a graphical viewer. A total of 4 694 141 sequence reads from three bread wheat varieties were assembled to identify a total of 38 928 candidate SNPs. Each SNP is within an assembly complete with annotation, enabling the selection of polymorphism within genes of interest.
Counselling Citizens and Producing Patronage: AIDS Treatment in South African and Ugandan Clinics
Authors: Ann Richey Lisa 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTGlobal health interventions to provide antiretroviral (ARV) drug treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS in developing countries have linked global and local actors in unprecedented ways. These uneven relationships have been described as creating new forms of citizenship that challenge the liberal understanding of rights and responsibilities bestowed by the state. A comparative case study based on fieldwork from South Africa and Uganda suggests different theoretical understandings of the link between technologies of AIDS treatment and relationships of belonging. Yet, ethnographic data from local clinics in both countries point to similarities that exist across AIDS interventions, and to the importance of counsellors in negotiating the rules of ARVs. Neither patients living with HIV nor the local providers of their AIDS treatment are ‘bare life’ subjects to be acted upon by a global development intervention. As ARV technologies are increasingly prescribed in developing country clinics, diverse social relationships are taught and negotiated as part of the pedagogy of biopolitics. The following discussion demonstrates how local counsellors and clients negotiate the rules of AIDS treatment together for mutual benefit. The article concludes that AIDS treatment creates relationships of therapeutic citizenship and clientship in ways that constrain the possibilities of citizenship and development.
ADVERSE SELECTION IN DYNAMIC MATCHING MARKETS
Authors: Kultti Klaus , Mauring Eeva , Vanhala Juuso , Vesala Timo 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe study the Akerlofian adverse selection problem in a dynamic matching model where the competitive situation varies across different meetings. The ‘lemons principle’ is shown to limit the high quality sales within a wider range of quality distributions than in the Walrasian benchmark. High quality goods can nevertheless be traded, albeit less frequently than the low quality goods. For certain quality distributions, there exists a ‘partially pooling’ steady state where high quality sellers are active whenever at least two buyers compete for the good. Otherwise, the model features cycles in a sense that high quality goods are traded only in non‐consecutive periods.