bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric cancer risk according to the distribution of intestinal metaplasia and neutrophil infiltration
Authors: Sakitani Kosuke , Hirata Yoshihiro , Watabe Hirotsugu , Yamada Atsuo , Sugimoto Takafumi , Yamaji Yutaka , Yoshida Haruhiko , Maeda Shin , Omata Masao , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Gastritis and intestinal metaplasia (IM) have long been known to be risk factors for and precursors of gastric cancer. We aimed to elucidate the association between gastric cancer risk and the distribution of precancerous lesions in the stomach by histological analyses.Methods:  We analyzed patients from whom two biopsy specimens (one from the antrum and one from the corpus) were obtained by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Specimens were assessed for Helicobacter pylori, IM, and neutrophil infiltration (NI). Patients were classified into three groups based on the presence of IM. Patients were also classified into four groups based on the presence of NI. The prevalence of gastric cancer was compared between groups.Results:  A total of 1395 patients were analyzed. Of these, 54 had gastric cancer (34 intestinal and 20 diffuse type). A multivariate analysis showed that male sex and the distribution of IM were independent risk factors for intestinal‐type cancer. Compared with patients without IM (n = 1005), the odds ratio (OR) for patients with IM in the antrum only (n = 240) was 2.34 (95% confidence interval: 1.08–4.96), and that for patients with IM in the corpus (n = 150) was 5.84 (2.92–11.8). However, NI was related to diffuse‐type cancer. Compared with patients without NI (n = 899), the OR for patients with NI in the corpus only (n = 122) was 3.66 (1.02–12.2).Conclusions:  The histological pattern and distribution of gastric mucosal change assessed by two biopsy specimens were related to gastric cancer.
Frequency of complications during EUS‐guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections in 148 consecutive patients
Authors: Varadarajulu Shyam , Christein John D , Wilcox Charles Mel 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of complications during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFC), identify contributing factors, and report on management outcomes.Methods:  All patients who underwent EUS‐guided PFC drainage over 7 years were enrolled. Indications, demographics, technical details, complications, surgical interventions, and final outcomes were prospectively recorded.Results:  Of 148 patients who underwent EUS, PFC was located in the pancreatic body in 84 (56.8%), in the tail in 45 (30.4%), in the head in 15 (10.1%), and in the uncinate region in four patients (2.7%). Perforation was encountered at the site of transmural stenting in two patients (1.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–4.76) with a pseudocyst in the uncinate region that was drained transgastrically. When compared to other locations, perforation was more common with PFC involving the uncinate region (0% vs 50%, P = 0.0005). Other complications included bleeding in one (0.67%, 95% CI: 0.16, 3.68), stent migration in 1 (0.67%, 95% CI: 0.16, 3.68), and infection in four patients (2.7%, 95% CI: 1.09, 6.73). Bleeding occurred in a patient with underlying acquired factor VIII inhibitors, stent migration in a patient who underwent drainage via the gastric cardia, and infection in two patients with pseudocysts and two with necrosis. While two patients who developed post‐procedural infection and one with stent migration were managed endoscopically, both perforations required surgery. Surgical debridement was performed in two patients who developed infection with successful outcomes in one, and death from underlying comorbidity in the other.Conclusions:  Complications are rare during EUS‐guided drainage of PFC and can be managed successfully in most patients.
Increase of child car seat temperature in cars parked in the outpatient parking lot
Authors: Sugimura Tetsu , Suzue Junji , Kamada Makoto , Ozaki Yukiko , Tananari Yoshifumi , Maeno Yasuki , Ito Shinichi , Nishino Hiroshi , Kakimoto Noriko , Yamakawa Rumi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:  A guideline for the safe use of child car seats (CS) was published by the Japan Pediatric Society in 2008. There have been few studies of the increase of temperature of a CS in parked cars. The aim of this study was to determine the change in the temperature of the CS in cars parked in full sun.Methods:  The temperature of CS was measured during summer (July and August) in 2006, 2007, and 2008. The CS used in this study (n= 50) were for children (≤6 years old) who were taken by car to Sugimura Children's Medical Clinic. Temperatures were only measured on sunny days. Measurements were performed from 09.00 to 17.00 hours. Thermochron (Thermochron i‐Button: G type, Maxim Integrated Products, CA, USA) was used to measure the temperatures. The maximum temperatures of CS were compared in time at the clinic, taking into consideration seat colors, and car colors.Results:  Of the 50 cars, three cars were excluded due to being in the shade while the temperature was measured. A total of 47 cars were used for this study. The temperature of the CS ranged from 38.0 to 65.5°C (47.8 ± 5.8°C). Eighteen CS (38.3%) reached a temperature of 50°C or above. The maximum temperature of the 13.00−15.00‐hours group was significantly higher than that of the 09.00−11.00‐hours group (P= 0.035). The CS temperatures in the black car group were significantly higher than those of the white car group (P= 0.013).Conclusion:  CS may become very hot while a car is parked in sun, especially if the car and the CS are black, so the CS should be cooled before a young child is placed in it. Guardians of small children should be aware of this risk.
Prospective study of surgical outcomes and bleb morphology using indocyanine green as a surgical dye in trabeculectomy with mitomycin C
Authors: Chan Kenneth CY , Ang Ghee S , Birchall Wayne , Wong Tracey , Wakely Laura , Reeves Graham MB , Small Keith M , Wells Anthony P 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:  To investigate the effect of adding indocyanine green to mitomycin C in augmented trabeculectomy.Design:  A prospective, non‐comparative interventional case series.Participants:  A total of 37 eyes of 37 patients followed up for 1 year.Methods:  A solution containing 12.5 mg/mL of indocyanine green was added to mitomycin C, resulting in an mitomycin C concentration of 0.2–0.4 mg/mL, which was applied to bare sclera and Tenon's capsule for 3 min during trabeculectomy.Main Outcome Measures:  Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, bleb morphology, Moorfields Bleb Grading System scores and complications.Results:  Indocyanine green could be visualized on clinical examination for all eyes on the first postoperative day. Mean intraocular pressure decreased from 22.9 ± 6.2 mmHg to 12.1 ± 4.4 mmHg postoperatively (P < 0.001) at 1 year. Thirty‐four eyes (91.9%) achieved an intraocular pressure of less than 21 mmHg at final visit without additional topical intraocular pressure‐lowering medications. Three eyes (8.1%) developed bleb failure andrequired Baerveldt device implantation. There were no cases of blebitis or late bleb leak. No adverse effects attributable to indocyanine green could be identified postoperatively.Conclusion:  The addition of indocyanine green during trabeculectomy improves the visibility of antimetabolites intraoperatively and allows for the estimation of antimetabolite treatment area intraoperatively and postoperatively. It appears to have no adverse effect on surgical outcomes and complication rates, while improving safety of antimetabolite use.
Stratification of sedation risk – a challenge to the sedation continuum
Authors: Green Steven M. , Mason Keira P. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryWe detail the limitations of the current paradigm of the sedation continuum – a tool ubiquitous to all sedation care settings and now a quarter century old. Definitions in this existing taxonomy are based on patient responsiveness to verbal and/or tactile stimuli, and the inherent subjectivity of this focus has both challenged the reliable assessment of adverse event risk and precluded clear delineation of sedation boundaries, e.g., what is the dividing line between moderate and deep sedation? We present the rationale to support a broadening of this sedation continuum precept to include an objective mechanism to predict the ongoing risk of serious adverse events, and then propose sequential steps for the development of such a restructured framework. This process, while ambitious, would yield a clear and consistent language to facilitate quality assurance, provide an objective framework for standardized sedationist training and credentialing, and permit inclusion into computerized decision‐support algorithms to facilitate more precise sedative delivery. It is important to clearly delineate this goal now to permit design and initiation of the requisite research.
Point and period prevalences of eczema in rural and urban schoolchildren in Ghana, Gabon and Rwanda
Authors: Hogewoning A.A. , Bouwes Bavinck J.N. , Amoah A.S. , Boakye D.A. , Yazdanbakhsh M. , Kremsner P.G. , Adegnika A.A. , De Smedt S.K.A.D. , Willemze R. , Lavrijsen A.P.M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground  Eczema is a growing problem in Africa, particularly amongst children.Objectives  To investigate the point‐prevalences of eczema by physical examination in schoolchildren living in rural and urban areas and with different socioeconomic backgrounds in Ghana, Gabon and Rwanda. In Ghana period‐prevalences were also estimated by questionnaire and compared with the point‐prevalences.Methods  In total, 4839 schoolchildren in Ghana, Gabon and Rwanda were seen by at least one dermatologist. The point‐prevalences of eczema were estimated on the basis of physical examination. Period‐prevalences were measured in Ghana with questionnaire based‐interviews adapted from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).Results  The point‐prevalences were 1.5% and 1.6% in the two Ghanaian studies; 4% in Gabon and 0.8% in Rwanda. The period‐prevalences were 2.6% and 4.4% in the two Ghanaian studies. The prevalences of eczema were not significantly different when comparing the urban and rural groups as well as the different socioeconomic levels. The sensitivity and positive predictive value to identify eczema cases based on the questionnaires compared to the diagnoses by physical examination were only 33% and 22% in the first Ghanaian study and 10% and 4% in the second Ghanaian study respectively.Conclusions  The point‐prevalences of eczema in the three African countries studied were low compared with industrialized countries. Physical examination by a dermatologist is still the gold standard to identify eczema cases because the sensitivity and the positive predictive value to identify eczema cases with questionnaires were low in the two Ghanaian studies.
Amyloid‐β peptide(1‐40) elimination from cerebrospinal fluid involves low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 at the blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier
Authors: Fujiyoshi Masachika , Tachikawa Masanori , Ohtsuki Sumio , Ito Shingo , Uchida Yasuo , Akanuma Shin‐ichi , Kamiie Junichi , Hashimoto Tadafumi , Hosoya Ken‐ichi , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Terasaki Tetsuya 
Published: May 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 407–415.AbstractAmyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) concentration in CSF is potentially a diagnostic and therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to clarify the elimination mechanism of human Aβ(1‐40) [hAβ (1‐40)] from CSF. After intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration, [125I]hAβ(1‐40) was eliminated from the rat CSF with a half‐life of 17.3 min. The elimination of [125I]hAβ(1‐40) was significantly inhibited by human receptor‐associated protein (RAP) and the elimination was attenuated in either anti‐low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein (LRP)1 antibody‐treated or RAP‐deficient mice, suggesting that a member(s) of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor gene family is involved in the elimination of hAβ(1‐40) from CSF. The amounts of LRP1 and LRP2 proteins were determined by means of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, and the LRP1 content in rat choroid plexus was determined to be 3.7 fmol/μg protein, whereas the LRP2 content was below the detection limit (< 0.2 fmol/μg protein). Conditionally, immortalized rat choroid plexus epithelial cells exhibited predominant apical‐to‐basal and apical‐to‐cell transport of [125I]hAβ(1‐40). These results indicated that hAβ(1‐40) is actively eliminated from CSF and this process is at least partly mediated by LRP1 expressed at choroid plexus epithelial cells, which therefore play a role in determining CSF concentrations of hAβ(1‐40).
Treatment Outcomes of Chronic Post‐Traumatic Headaches After Mild Head Trauma in US Soldiers: An Observational Study
Authors: Erickson Jay C. 
Published: May 2011

(Headache 2011;51:932‐944)Background.— The effectiveness of medical therapies for chronic post‐traumatic headaches (PTHs) attributable to mild head trauma in military troops has not been established.Objective.— To determine the treatment outcomes of acute and prophylactic medical therapies prescribed for chronic PTHs after mild head trauma in US Army soldiers.Methods.— A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 100 soldiers undergoing treatment for chronic PTH at a single US Army neurology clinic. Headache frequency and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scores were determined at the initial clinic visit and then again by phone 3 months after starting headache prophylactic medication. Response rates of headache abortive medications were also determined. Treatment outcomes were compared between subjects with blast‐related PTH and non‐blast PTH.Results.— Ninety‐nine of 100 subjects were male. Seventy‐seven of 100 subjects had blast PTH and 23/100 subjects had non‐blast PTH. Headache characteristics were similar for blast PTH and non‐blast PTH with 96% and 95%, respectively, resembling migraine. Headache frequency among all PTH subjects decreased from 17.1 days/month at baseline to 14.5 days/month at follow‐up (P = .009). Headache frequency decreased by 41% among non‐blast PTH compared to 9% among blast PTH. Fifty‐seven percent of non‐blast PTH subjects had a 50% or greater decline in headache frequency compared to 29% of blast PTH subjects (P = .023). A significant decline in headache frequency occurred in subjects treated with topiramate (n = 29, −23%, P = .02) but not among those treated with a low‐dose tricyclic antidepressant (n = 48, −12%, P = .23). Seventy percent of PTH subjects who used a triptan class medication experienced reliable headache relief within 2 hours compared to 42% of subjects using other headache abortive medications (P = .01). Triptan medications were effective for both blast PTH and non‐blast PTH (66% response rate vs 86% response rate, respectively; P = .20). Headache‐related disability, as measured by mean MIDAS scores, declined by 57% among all PTH subjects with no significant difference between blast PTH (−56%) and non‐blast PTH (−61%).Conclusions.— Triptan class medications are usually effective for aborting headaches in military troops with chronic PTH attributed to a concussion from a blast injury or non‐blast injury. Topiramate appears to be an effective headache prophylactic therapy in military troops with chronic PTH, whereas low doses of tricyclic antidepressants appear to have little efficacy. Chronic PTH triggered by a blast injury may be less responsive to commonly prescribed headache prophylactic medications compared to non‐blast PTH. These conclusions require validation by prospective, controlled clinical trials.
Multi‐Center Comparison of Response to a Single Tablet of Sumatriptan 85 mg and Naproxen 500 mg vs Usual Therapy Treating Multiple Migraine Attacks as Measured by the Completeness of Response Survey
Authors: Cady Roger , Banks Jim , Nett Robert B. , Goldstein Jerome , Bennett Nathan , Turner Ira M. , Ruoff Gary E. , Landy Stephen H. , Farmer Kathleen , Juhász Márta , Tarrasch Jeanne , Runken M. Chris 
Published: May 2011

(Headache 2011;51:961‐970)Objective.— To investigate a broad definition of migraine resolution that extends beyond specific migraine‐associated diagnostic symptoms as measured by the Completeness of Response Survey.Methods.— Conducted at 8 sites, 135 subjects treated migraines with SumaRT/Nap over 2 months. To measure subjects' experiences with SumaRT/Nap compared to their usual migraine medication, the Headache Impact Test, Revised Patient Perception of Migraine Questionnaire, and Completeness of Response Survey were administered at baseline and at 2 months.Results.— The effects of the study medicine compared to the subjects' usual migraine medicine reached statistical significance in decreasing headache severity, lessening of associated symptoms, and attaining complete relief with a single dose (60.04% of attacks resolved at 2 hours post‐treatment).Conclusion.— Compared to a subject's usual treatment, SumaRT/Nap used early and consistently for treatment of acute migraine offers important clinical improvements, including lessening of associated symptoms beyond International Headache Society criteria.
Right‐sided laryngeal hemiplegia and Horner's syndrome in a horse
Authors: Palumbo M. I. P. , Moreira J. J. , Olivo G. , Neto C. R. , Pyles M. D. , Watanabe M. J. , Borges A. S. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThis study describes right laryngeal hemiplegia (LH) and right‐sided Horner's syndrome (HS) in a horse. The average temperature of the face was 3.5°C higher on the right compared with the left side, as determined by thermographic imaging. The syndrome occurred following an episode of right mid‐cervical cellulitis due to inadvertent perijugular deposition of gentamicin.
Arthroscopically‐assisted removal of an osteochondral fragment from the equine elbow using a caudo‐medial approach
Authors: Bobkiewicz J. J. , Hodgson S. E. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryAn 8‐year‐old Polo pony mare was admitted for investigation of lameness related to swelling of the elbow. An intra‐articular fragment from the proximo‐medial radius was identified on radiographic examination. The fragment was removed arthroscopically under general anaesthesia via a caudo‐medial approach to the elbow joint.
A review of equine paranasal sinusitis: Medical and surgical treatments
Authors: Dixon P. M. , O'Leary J. M. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryTreatment of the different types of equine sinusitis, in particular those of chronic (>2 months' duration) sinusitis can be difficult, with many such cases not responding to more conservative measures such as rest, antibiotic therapy or sinus lavage. Such refractory cases require further clinical examinations and imaging as outlined in a companion article to achieve confirmation of the cause of the sinusitis. Many sinusitis cases will then require some form of surgical treatment that may include sinusotomy, dental extraction or intrasinus growth removal, that are increasingly being performed by less invasive techniques under standing sedation.
Ecology and Evolution as Targets: the Need for Novel Eco-Evo Drugs and Strategies To Fight Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Baquero Fernando , Coque Teresa M. , de la Cruz Fernando 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
In recent years, the explosive spread of antibiotic resistance determinants among pathogenic, commensal, and environmental bacteria has reached a global dimension. Classical measures trying to contain or slow locally the progress of antibiotic resistance in patients on the basis of better antibiotic prescribing policies have clearly become insufficient at the global level. Urgent measures are needed to directly confront the processes influencing antibiotic resistance pollution in the microbiosphere. Recent interdisciplinary research indicates that new eco-evo drugs and strategies, which take ecology and evolution into account, have a promising role in resistance prevention, decontamination, and the eventual restoration of antibiotic susceptibility. This minireview summarizes what is known and what should be further investigated to find drugs and strategies aiming to counteract the “four P's,” penetration, promiscuity, plasticity, and persistence of rapidly spreading bacterial clones, mobile genetic elements, or resistance genes. The term “drug” is used in this eco-evo perspective as a tool to fight resistance that is able to prevent, cure, or decrease potential damage caused by antibiotic resistance, not necessarily only at the individual level (the patient) but also at the ecological and evolutionary levels. This view offers a wealth of research opportunities for science and technology and also represents a large adaptive challenge for regulatory agencies and public health officers. Eco-evo drugs and interventions constitute a new avenue for research that might influence not only antibiotic resistance but the maintenance of a healthy interaction between humans and microbial systems in a rapidly changing biosphere.
Reversible Daptomycin Tolerance of Adherent Staphylococci in an Implant Infection Model
Authors: John Anne-K. , Schmaler Mathias , Khanna Nina , Landmann Regine 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Daptomycin (DAP) is bactericidal against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)
in vitro
, but it failed to eradicate MRSA in an experimental model of implant-associated infection. We therefore investigated various factors which could explain treatment failure by evaluating DAP activity, including the role of different cell wall components, adherence, biofilm, and calcium ions (Ca
2+
)
in vitro
and
in vivo
. In the tissue cage infection model, DAP was active only prophylactically and against low inocula. To identify the mechanisms of treatment failure, the
in vitro
activity of DAP against planktonic and adherent growing
S. aureus
and
S. epidermidis
mutants, differing in their capacity of biofilm formation and adherence, was determined. For planktonic staphylococci, the MIC was 0.625 μg/ml. For adherent staphylococci, DAP reduced biofilms at 30 μg/ml. However, it did not kill adherent bacteria up to 500 μg/ml, independent of biofilm biosynthesis (the
ica
mutant strain), nuclease (the
nuc1
/
nuc2
mutant strain), LPXTG-anchored adhesin (the
srtA
mutant strain), autolysin (the
atl
mutant strain), or alanyl-LTA (the
dltA
mutant strain). Resistance of adherent staphylococci was not due to mutations of adherent bacteria, since staphylococci became DAP susceptible after detachment. Phenotypic tolerance was not explained by inactivation of DAP or inability of initial Ca
2+
-DAP complex formation. However, the addition of up to 100 mg/liter (2.5 mmol/liter) Ca
2+
gradually improved bactericidal activity toward adherent staphylococci
in vitro
and increased the prevention rate in the cage model from 40% to 60%. In summary, adherent staphylococci are resistant to DAP killing unless Ca
2+
is supplemented to physiologic concentrations.