bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of the Quorum‐Sensing Molecules N‐Acylhomoserine Lactones by Endobacteria Associated with Mortierella alpina A‐178
Authors: Kai Kenji , Furuyabu Kana , Tani Ayaka , Hayashi Hideo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGram‐negative bacteria communicate with one another using N‐acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) as signaling molecules. This mechanism, known as quorum sensing (QS), is needed to develop pathogenicity, as well as symbiotic interactions with eukaryotic hosts, such as animals and plants. Increasing evidence indicates that certain bacteria, namely endobacteria, also inhabit fungal cells and establish symbiotic relationships with their hosts. However, it has not been clear whether bacterial QS acts in developing the relationships. Here we describe the isolation and identification of N‐heptanoylhomoserine lactone and N‐octanoylhomoserine lactone from the culture broth of the zygomycete fungus Mortierella alpina A‐178. This suggested the presence of endobacteria in the fungus, as was confirmed by PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and transmission electron microscopy. Two major bands obtained by PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed sequence identity to genes in the β‐proteobacterium Castellaniella defragrans (100 %) and the Gram‐positive bacterium Cryobacterium sp. (99.8 %). The production of AHLs depended on the presence of endobacteria and was induced in response to the increase in the concentration of AHLs, suggesting that the bacterium conducts AHL‐mediated QS in the fungus. This paper is the first to report the production of AHLs by endofungal bacteria and raises the possibility that QS plays roles in the development of fungus–endobacterium symbiosis.
Ru–Cd/Bentonite for the Partial Hydrogenation of Benzene: A Catalyst without Additives
Authors: Wang Weitao , Liu Huizhen , Ding Guodong , Zhang Peng , Wu Tianbin , Jiang Tao , Han Buxing 
Published: July 2012

AbstractClays are very promising, environmentally benign catalyst supports. Herein, Ru–Cd/bentonite (BEN) catalysts were prepared and characterized by TEM, SEM, XPS, and XRD. The as‐prepared catalysts were used to catalyze the selective hydrogenation of benzene into cyclohexene with different Ru/Cd molar ratios, hydrogen pressures, and reaction temperatures. We found that the catalytic activity decreased with decreasing Ru/Cd molar ratio, whereas the selectivity was enhanced. The most‐favorable Ru/Cd molar ratio was 1 and the optimal hydrogen pressure and temperature were 5 MPa and 150 °C, respectively. The yield of cyclohexene reached 24.8 % over Ru–Cd/BEN under the optimal reaction conditions without the need for any additives in the reaction system and this catalyst could be reused several times in the reaction without a drop in the yield of cyclohexene. The Cd in the catalyst enhanced the selectivity for cyclohexene. Furthermore, Cd/BEN could be used an as effective supported additive to promote the hydrogenation of benzene into cyclohexene catalyzed by Ru/BEN or Ru/SBA‐15.
Gold Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Formation of Nitrogen‐containing Compounds—From Mechanistic Understanding to Synthetic Exploitation
Authors: Mielby Jerrik , Kegnæs Søren , Fristrup Peter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDuring the last decade, heterogeneous catalysis using gold nanoparticles has gained importance as an efficient method for the oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes. The scope of these reactions has recently been extended to nitrogen‐containing compounds, which is a particularly promising substrate class, as nitrogen is ubiquitous in both materials science and biology. It has been shown that gold nanoparticles can overcome many of the frequently encountered difficulties caused by the coordinating properties of nitrogen when using homogenous catalysis. This minireview is meant to serve as an entry point for new researchers in this emerging field and is divided into sections based upon which nitrogen‐containing products are synthesized using gold nanoparticles in the critical reaction step.
Sterically Active Electron Pairs in Lead Sulfide? An Investigation of the Electronic and Vibrational Properties of PbS in the Transition Region Between the Rock Salt and the α‐GeTe‐Type Modifications
Authors: Zagorac Dejan , Doll Klaus , Schön J. Christian , Jansen Martin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRecently, we have investigated the energy landscape of PbS for many different pressures on the ab initio level by using Hartree–Fock and density functional theory to globally search for possible thermodynamically stable and metastable structures. The perhaps most fascinating observation was that besides the experimentally known modification exhibiting the rock salt structure a second minimum exists close‐by on the landscape showing the low‐temperature α‐GeTe‐type structure. In the present study, we investigate the possible reasons for the existence of this metastable modification; in particular we address the question, whether the α‐GeTe‐type modification might be stabilized (and conversely the rock salt modification destabilized) by steric effects of the non‐bonding electron pair.
Structures of Chlorophyll Catabolites in Bananas (Musa acuminata) Reveal a Split Path of Chlorophyll Breakdown in a Ripening Fruit
Authors: Moser Simone , Müller Thomas , Holzinger Andreas , Lütz Cornelius , Kräutler Bernhard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe disappearance of chlorophyll is a visual sign of fruit ripening. Yet, chlorophyll breakdown in fruit has hardly been explored; its non‐green degradation products are largely unknown. Here we report the analysis and structure elucidation of colorless tetrapyrrolic chlorophyll breakdown products in commercially available, ripening bananas (Musa acuminata, Cavendish cultivar). In banana peels, chlorophyll catabolites were found in an unprecedented structural richness: a variety of new fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (FCCs) and nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs) were detected. As a rule, FCCs exist only “fleetingly” and are hard to observe. However, in bananas several of the FCCs (named Mc‐FCCs) were persistent and carried an ester function at the propionate side‐chain. NCCs were less abundant, and exhibited a free propionic acid group, but functional modifications elsewhere. The modifications of NCCs in banana peels were similar to those found in NCCs from senescent leaves. They are presumed to be introduced by enzymatic transformations at the stage of the mostly unobserved, direct FCC‐precursors. The observed divergent functional group characteristics of the Mc‐FCCs versus those of the Mc‐NCCs indicated two major “late” processing lines of chlorophyll breakdown in ripening bananas. The “last common precursor” at the branching point to either the persistent FCCs, or towards the NCCs, was identified as a temporarily abundant “secondary” FCC. The existence of two “downstream” branches of chlorophyll breakdown in banana peels, and the striking accumulation of persistent Mc‐FCCs call for attention as to the still‐elusive biological roles of the resulting colorless linear tetrapyrroles.
Permanent Porous Materials from Discrete Organic Molecules—Towards Ultra‐High Surface Areas
Authors: Mastalerz Michael 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn recent years, the development of porous materials derived from discrete organic molecules made a substantial progress towards high‐surface‐area materials with distinct properties. One major advantage in comparison to existing, well‐established porous polymers is their solubility, making such compounds potential valuable precursors for “processing porosity”. One important parameter of porous compounds is their specific surface area. The possibilities to reach ultra‐high‐surface‐area materials from this new type of porous compounds are critically discussed.
DNA Binding Studies and Cytotoxicity of a Dinuclear PtIIDiazapyrenium‐Based Metallo‐supramolecular Rectangular Box
Authors: Terenzi Alessio , Ducani Cosimo , Blanco Víctor , Zerzankova Lenka , Westendorf Aron F. , Peinador Carlos , Quintela José M. , Bednarski Patrick J. , Barone Giampaolo , Hannon Michael J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe interaction with native DNA of a 2,7‐diazapyrenium‐based ligand1and its PtIIrectangular metallacycle2is explored through circular and linear dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies. The metal‐free ligand1binds through intercalation, with a binding constant of approximately 5×105 M−1, whereas the metallacycle2binds and bends the DNA with a binding constant of 7×106 M−1. PCR assays show that metallo‐supramolecular box2interferes with DNA transactions in vitro whereas the intercalator1does not. The metallacycle is active against four human cancer cell lines, with IC50values ranging between 3.1 and 19.2 μMand shows similar levels of efficacy, but a different spectrum of activity, to cisplatin.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of the Spin Gap Nature in Na3Cu2SbO6 Using 23Na NMR.
Authors: Kuo C. N. , Jian T. S. , Lue C. S. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract23Na NMR spectroscopy at temperatures between 4 and 300 K provides clear evidence for the existence of a spin gap in the title compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a New Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Zinc Borate: [Zn(dab)0.5(dab′)0.5(B4O6 (OH)2)]·H2O.
Authors: Zhao Pei , Cheng Lin , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe title compound (dab: 1,4‐diaminobutane) is synthesized by solvothermal reaction of Zn(OH)2 or Zn powder, Al(iPrO)3, H3BO3, H2O, C5H5N, and dab (autoclave, 180 °C, 7 d, 12% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Bisodium‐Substituted Vanadium Oxide Cluster with Encapsulated [VO4]4‐ Core and Its Electrochemical Property.
Authors: Zhang Lili , Zhang Hengchao , Zhang Weisong , Hu Hailiang , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui 
Published: July 2012

Abstract[Cu(en)2]4 [Na2VV14VIV2 O42(VIVO4)] ·2H2O is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of NH4VO3, CuSO4, Na3PO4, and en (H2O, autoclave, pH 7.1, 160 °C, 3 d; 56% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: The First Two‐Dimensional Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Constructed by Oxalate‐Bridging Scandium‐Substituted Keggin‐Type Silicotungstate and [Cu(en)2]2+ Coordination Cations.
Authors: Zhang Dongdi , Zhang Shaowei , Ma Pengtao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang 
Published: July 2012

Abstract[Cu(en)2(H2O)]2{ [Cu(en)2(H2O)]2 [Cu(en)2]2 [(α‐SiW11O39)Sc(H2O)] 2(C2O4)}·8H2O is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of K4[α‐SiW12O40], ScCl3, CuCl2, H2C2O4, and en (H2O, autoclave, 170 °C, 117 h; 13% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of 1,4‐Phenylene Bridged Bis‐heterocyclic Tropone Compounds.
Authors: Li Yang , Li Feng , Gao Wentao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNucleophilic cyclization reaction of bis(tropolone) derivative (III), which is obtained by Claisen‐Schmidt condensation between terephthalaldehyde (I) and acetyltropolone (II), with bifunctional agents such as substituted phenylhydrazine hydrochlorides (IV) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride gives rise to formation of the desired 1,4‐phenylene bridged bis‐pyrazolo and isoxazole‐fused tropones (V) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine‐Catalyzed Highly Chemoselective Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds in a Green Solvent.
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Sharma Upendra , Verma Praveen K. , Kumar Neeraj , Singh Bikram 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones are reductively aminated by primary and secondary amines in ethanol as green solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrovinylation for the Synthesis of Non‐Conjugated Enones and 1,4‐Diketones.
Authors: Kersten Laura , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe 1,4‐hydrovinylation of terminal alkenes or α,ω‐dienes with silyloxybutadiene (II) affords after hydrolysis γ,δ‐unsaturated ketones, which are transformed into the corresponding1,4‐diketones or tetraketones by ozonolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Base‐Catalyzed Stereodivergent Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐3‐Amino‐4,4,4‐trifluorobutanoic Acids.
Authors: Shibata Norio , Nishimine Takayuki , Shibata Naoyuki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Kawada Kosuke , Kagawa Takumi , Sorochinsky Alexander E. , Soloshonok Vadim A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBoth enantiomers of 3‐amino‐4,4,4‐trifluorobutanoic acid (IV) can be prepared, simply by choosing an appropriate organic base catalyst for the Mannich reaction of chiral sulfinylimine (I) and alkyl malonates (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Formal [2 + 2]‐Cycloadditions via Bifunctional H‐Bond Directing Dienamine Catalysis.
Authors: Albrecht Lukasz , Dickmeiss Gustav , Cruz Acosta Fabio , Rodriguez‐Escrich Carles , Davis Rebecca L. , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRational catalyst design supported by computational studies enables the development of a new dual activation mode for the synthesis of fully substituted cyclobutanes with complete diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)—Amine Metallo‐Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Carbo‐ and Heterocyclic Systems.
Authors: Montaignac Benjamin , Oestlund Victor , Vitale Maxime R. , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virgnie , Michelet Veronique 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn efficient and atom economical synthesis of 5‐membered cyclic structures is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Hydroacylation: High Activity Rhodium Catalysts Containing Small‐Bite‐Angle Diphosphine Ligands.
Authors: Chaplin Adrian B. , Hooper Joel F. , Weller Andrew S. , Willis Michael C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntermolecular hydroacylation of a wide variety of unactivated alkenes, allenes and alkynes with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes is efficiently catalyzed by rhodium catalysts containing diphosphine ligands with small bite angles.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Di‐ and Trisubstituted Ureas — A Variation of Classical Ritter Reaction.
Authors: Basavaprabhu Hosamani , Sureshbabu Vommina V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA mild synthesis of the title compounds is presented from cheap and readily available alcohols and with an inexpensive, nontoxic catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Sulfonylazetidin‐2‐imines via the Copper(I) Oxide Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction of Alkynes, Sulfonyl Azides and Diimines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yi Xiaohu , Barry Badru‐Deen , Liao Peiqiu , Bi Xihe 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCarbodiimides react with various alkynes and azides to give azetidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Substituted Naphtho[2,3‐c]furan‐1,3‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Kawano Tomikazu , Ishikawa Yu , Hatanaka Minoru 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe self‐condensation of phenylpropiolic acid derivatives (VI) proceeds smoothly in three minutes under microwave irradiation to afford the naphthofurandione derivatives (VII) as single products in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Diastereoselective Three‐Component Tandem 1,4‐Conjugated Addition—Cyclization Reaction to Multisubstituted Pyrrolidines
Authors: Zhang Xia , Ji Jingjing , Zhu Yingguang , Jing Changcheng , Li Ming , Hu Wenhao 
Published: July 2012

Abstractas a general, efficient, and highly stereoselective approach to pyrrolidines of type (IV) and (VI)
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Highly Functional α‐Amino Nitriles via a Novel Multicomponent Tandem Organocatalytic Reaction: A Facile Access to α‐Methylene γ‐Lactams.
Authors: Pan Feng , Chen Jian‐Ming , Zhuang Zhe , Fang Yin‐Zhi , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An , Liao Wei‐Wei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe first tertiary amine‐catalyzed multicomponent tandem Strecker—allylic‐alkylation (SAA) reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium Iodide Catalyzed Carbonylative Approach to Functionalized Pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Veltri Lucia , Mancuso Raffaella , Salerno Giuseppe , Maggi Sabino , Aresta Brunella Maria 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new and convenient method to prepare a number of pyrrole‐3‐carboxylic esters is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐1H‐indazoles from 1,1‐Dialkylhydrazones via Aryne Annulation.
Authors: Markina Nataliya A. , Dubrovskiy Anton V. , Larock Richard C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractConvenient methods to prepare biologically important target compounds are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Direct C5‐Arylation of Azole‐4‐carboxylates Through Double C—H Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Ma Ling , Xu Jinyi , Kong Lingyi , Wu Xiaoming , Yao Hequan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe title reaction provides access to diverse 5‐aryl substituted azole‐4‐carboxylic acid derivatives (III), (VI) and (IX)/(X).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction in Water Using Cyclodextrin as a Phase Transfer Catalyst.
Authors: Shin Jung‐Ah , Lim Yeong‐Gweon , Lee Kyung‐Hee 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe method allows an efficient access to a wide range of 1,4‐disubstituted triazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Benzofuroxans by Photolysis of Crystalline o‐Nitrophenylazides. A Green Chemistry Reaction.
Authors: Leyva Elisa , Gonzalez‐Balderas Regina M. , de Loera Denisse A. , Jimenez‐Catano Rogelio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe reaction produces good yields only with crystalline o‐nitrophenylazides (melting points above 50 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of a Phosphine‐Mediated Cycloisomerization of Alkynyl Hemiketals: Access to Spiroketals and Dihydropyrazoles via Tandem Reactions.
Authors: Saha Jaideep , Lorenc Chris , Surana Bikash , Peczuh Mark W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the presence of PPh3, alkynyl hemiketals and ynones of type (VII) and (IX) undergo novel isomerization to cyclic keto enol ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Ethyl Diazoacetate with (E)‐3‐Arylidenechroman‐4‐ones. A New Access to Spirocyclopropane Derivatives.
Authors: Wannassi Nadia , Jelizi Hanene , Rammah Mohamed El Baker , Ciamala Kabula , Knorr Michael , Monnier‐Jobe Karin , Rousselin Yoann , Kubicki Marek M. , Strohmann Carsten 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDipolarophiles (I) react with ethyl diazoacetate (II) at the exocyclic double bond of (I), regardless of the electronic nature of the p‐substituents on the aryl group of (I), to provide the single spiro‐compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, Solvent‐Free, Three‐Component Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Triarylpyridines from Benign Components.
Authors: Zomordbakhsh Shahab , Anaraki‐Ardakani Hossein , Zeeb Mohsen , Sadeghi Mahdi , Mazraeh‐Seffid Manouchehr 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe microwave assisted reaction between a chalcone, an acetophenone and guanidine as alternative ammonia source provides a simple one‐pot access to 2,4,6‐triarylpyridines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemically Induced Synthesis of the Topoisomerase I Inhibitors Indeno[1,2‐c]isoquinoline‐5,11‐diones.
Authors: Dubois Melanie , Deniau Eric , Couture Axel , Grandclaudon Pierre 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA novel synthetic strategy is briefly reported to provide an access to the target compounds (VII), which includes a photoinduced electron cyclization process of functionalized vinylamides (III) as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Boronate Esters via Organocatalytic Pinacolboryl Addition to Tosylaldimines.
Authors: Sole Cristina , Gulyas Henrik , Fernandez Elena 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBased on preliminary studies it is claimed that an in situ generated MeO‐—bis(pinacolato)diboron adduct combined with the chiral phosphine allows the asymmetric synthesis of title compounds (III) via enantioselective nucleophilic boron addition to tosylaldimines (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoquinoline Alkaloids via Oxidative Amidation/Bischler—Napieralski Reaction.
Authors: Shankar R. , More Satish S. , Madhubabu M. V. , Vembu N. , Kumar U. K. Syam 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA convenient three‐step sequence is developed which includes preparation of pulcheotine A (Va), thalmicrinone (Vb), and papaveraldine (Vc).
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial Polyacetylenes from Panax ginseng Hairy Root Culture.
Authors: Fukuyama Noriaki , Shibuya Masaaki , Orihara Yutaka 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe new isolated compounds, namely 1‐hydroxydihydropanaxacol (I) and 17‐hydroxypanaxacol (II), exhibit antimicrobial activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Verrulactones A and B, New Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Enoyl‐ACP Reductase Produced by Penicillium verruculosum F375.
Authors: Kim Nyung , Sohn Min‐Jin , Kim Chang‐Jin , Kwon Ho Jeong , Kim Won‐Gon 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVerrulactones A (I) and B (II), new dimeric compounds of alternariol class, strongly inhibit Staphylococcus aureus enoyl‐ACP reductase and exhibit antibacterial activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylotropic Intramolecular Rearrangements of Keto Enamines of Benzo[b]‐Anellated Heterocycles
Authors: Minkin V. I. , Bren' V. A. , Dubonosov A. D. , Tsukanov A. V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractReview: 24 refs.
Acid/Alkali Gated Photochromism of Diarylethenes with Quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Song Bo , Li Haixia , Yang Lin , Zhang Fushi , Xiang Junhui 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThree new diarylethenes 1–3 combined with quinoline derivatives have been synthesized. Through controlled chemical condition of deprotonation/protonation, they presented some new irreversible photochromic phenomenons under UV/Vis light irradiation in chloroform solution. It was found that 1–3 had well photoisomerization upon UV/Vis light irradiation in neutral chloroform solution. Addition of acid to the solution of the ring‐opening isomers of 1–3 produced 1oa–3oa, which performed reversible photochromic behavior under UV/Vis light irradiation and reversed back to 1–3 under neutralizing with adding lewis base. However, addtion of base to neutral soluton of the ring‐opening isomers of 1–3 produced 1ob–3ob, which could not change to the deprotonated ring‐closing isomers under UV light irradiation.
Emergency Management of Bleeding Associated With Old and New Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Frank Peacock W. , Gearhart Michelle M. , Mills Roger M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAs major prescribers of oral anticoagulants, cardiologists must be familiar with strategies to manage bleeding, the principal complication associated with all anticoagulants, and to reverse anticoagulant effects in acute‐care settings. The purpose of this manuscript is to review currently available information regarding dabigatran and rivaroxaban, the 2 novel oral anticoagulants approved to date in the United States. Further, we suggest reasonable interventions for the clinician faced with a patient who suffers a major bleeding event while receiving one of these agents. Data sources were peer‐reviewed publications, US Food and Drug Administration documents in the public domain, and approved US prescribing information for dabigatran (Pradaxa) and rivaroxaban (Xarelto). Strategies for management of bleeding and reversal of anticoagulant effects from warfarin include vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma, and prothrombin complex concentrates. For rivaroxaban and dabigatran, appropriate therapies include support and observation, which are likely to be effective for the majority of patients because of the short half‐lives of these agents. In severe life‐threatening hemorrhage, clotting‐factor substitutes may be appropriate in certain situations. Validated protocols specific to each agent remain to be developed. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 doi: 10.1002/clc.22037Editorial support for this paper was provided by Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC. W.F.P. has received research grants (>$10 000) from Abbott, Alere, Baxter, Brahms, Novartis, and The Medicines Company. He has been a consultant (<$10 000) for Abbott, Alere, Eli Lilly, and The Medicines Company; served on the speaker's bureau (<$10 000) for Abbott and Alere; and has ownership interest (<$10 000) in Comprehensive Research Associates LLC, Vital Sensors, and Emergencies in Medicine LLC. M.M.G and R.M.M. are full‐time employees of Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.