bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attachment and emotional understanding: a study on late‐adopted pre‐schoolers and their parents
Authors: Barone L. , Lionetti F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to characterize the role of attachment in adoption, first by assessing the influence of adoptive parents on their late‐adopted children and second by investigating the role of children's attachment on an emotional understanding task.Design On children's arrival into adoptive families, parents' attachment was evaluated. After 12–18 months, children's attachment towards mothers and fathers was assessed. Twelve months later, children participated in an emotional understanding task.Method Parents' attachment was assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview. Children's attachment and emotional understanding were evaluated respectively using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task and the Test of Emotion Comprehension.Results A correspondence of 80% (security vs. insecurity) and 60% (security vs. avoidant or ambivalent insecurityK= 0.40) between mothers' and children's pattern of attachment was found. A secure state of mind in both adoptive parents was a protective factor towards children's attachment disorganization. Finally, there was a significant association between children's security of attachment and their performance on the emotional understanding task.Conclusion Adoption appears to be an intervention that assures the adoptive child an opportunity to catch up on emotional development and to partially resolve prior traumatic attachment experiences; adoptive parents play a central role in the emotional adjustment of their children.
Effects of Helicobacter pylori, geohelminth infection and selected commensal bacteria on the risk of allergic disease and sensitization in 3‐year‐old Ethiopian children
Authors: Amberbir A. , Medhin G. , Erku W. , Alem A. , Simms R. , Robinson K. , Fogarty A. , Britton J. , Venn A. , Davey G. 
Published: August 2011

Summary
Background Epidemiological studies have suggested that gastro‐intestinal infections including Helicobacter pylori, intestinal microflora (commensal bacteria) and geohelminths may influence the risk of asthma and allergy but data from early life are lacking.
Objective We aimed to determine the independent effects of these infections on allergic disease symptoms and sensitization in an Ethiopian birth cohort.
Methods In 2008/09, 878 children (87% of the 1006 original singletons in a population‐based birth cohort) were followed up at age 3 and interview data obtained on allergic symptoms and potential confounders. Allergen skin tests to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and cockroach were performed, levels of Der p 1 and Bla g 1 in the child's bedding measured and stool samples analysed for geohelminths and, in a random subsample, enterococci, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and H. pylori antigen. The independent effects of each exposure on wheeze, eczema, hayfever and sensitization were determined using multiple logistic regression.
Results Children were commonly infected with H. pylori (41%; 253/616), enterococci (38.1%; 207/544), lactobacilli (31.1%; 169/544) and bifidobacteria (18.9%; 103/544) whereas geohelminths were only found in 8.5% (75/866). H. pylori infection was associated with a borderline significant reduced risk of eczema (adjusted OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24–1.01, P=0.05) and D. pteronyssinus sensitization (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.17–1.08, P=0.07). Geohelminths and intestinal microflora were not significantly associated with any of the outcomes measured.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Among young children in a developing country, we found evidence to support the hypothesis of a protective effect of H. pylori infection on the risk of allergic disease. Further investigation of the mechanism of this effect is therefore of potential therapeutic and preventive value.
Cite this as: A. Amberbir, G. Medhin, W. Erku, A. Alem, R. Simms, K. Robinson, A. Fogarty, J. Britton, A. Venn, and G. Davey, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1422–1430.
Age‐ and gender‐specific prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and its association with metabolic syndrome in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Yin Jun‐Hua , Song Zhen‐Ya , Shan Peng‐Fei , Xu Jun , Ye Zhi‐Min , Xu Xiao‐Hong , Zhang Song‐Zhao , Liang Qin , Zhao Yi , Ren Zhen , Yu Yi‐Ping 
Published: August 2011

SummaryObjective  Because of rapid alterations in lifestyle and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and carotid plaque (CP) may increase in China. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CA and CP as well as its relation to MetS in an East Chinese population.Methods  The study included 6142 subjects who underwent general health screening including carotid ultrasonography in 2009. Diagnoses of MetS were made according to the revised Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.Results  The prevalence of CA and CP increased gradually with age. These conditions were more prevalent in men than in women (CA: 22·1%vs 12·0%, P < 0·001; CP: 12·6%vs 7·2%, P < 0·001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender, age, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were risk factors for CA and CP, while high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was protective for CA. Age ≥50 years has the largest impact on CA and CP, followed by elevated blood pressure and elevated blood glucose. Individuals with MetS had a higher prevalence of CA (27·7%vs 20·0% in men, 24·0%vs 10·3% in women; P < 0·001 in both) and CP (16·6%vs 11·2% in men, P < 0·001; 11·8%vs 6·5% in women, P < 0·005) than those without MetS. The prevalence and odds ratios of CA and CP aggregated with an increasing number of MetS components, even in individuals exhibiting only one component.Conclusions  These results indicate that CA and CP have become a major public health problem in China. MetS and its components were associated with an increased prevalence of CA and CP.
Topo IIα gene alterations correlated with survival in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Chen Zhenwen , Wang Jinfen , Zhang Hongwei , Liu Dongmei , Li Yi , Xu Yirong , Tan Dongfeng , Chen Dong , Zhao Xia , Wang Guoping 
Published: August 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (3): 310–320AbstractBackground  Topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) protein expression has prognostic significance in many cancers. However, it is still unclear whether topo IIα protein expression and gene alterations play roles as prognostic factors in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Materials and methods  We selected 102 patients with DLBCL who were homogeneously treated with CHOP chemotherapy and followed up. Using tissue microarray technology, all of the cases, consisting of 25 germinal centre B‐cell‐like (GCB) and 77 nongerminal centre B‐cell‐like (non‐GCB) types, were studied. Topo IIα protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Gene copy number of topo IIα was analysed by chromogenic in situ hybridization. Cox regression, chi‐square test and Kaplan–Meier statistics were performed using SPSS 15·0.Results  Topo IIα protein overexpression was found in 91 (91/102, 89·2%) cases, while topo IIα gene amplification was absent in all cases. Chromosome 17 deletion was identified in 3 (3/102, 2·9%) cases, diploid in 66 (66/102, 64·7%) cases and aneuploidy in 33 (33/102, 32·4%) cases. By multivariate analysis, no significant differences in progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were observed in patients with topo IIα protein overexpression (P > 0·05), while chromosome 17 aneuploidy predicted worse PFS and OS (P < 0·001).Conclusions  These results suggested that chromosome 17 aneuploidy, but not topo IIα protein expression, could predict worse survival in patients with DLBCL.
Global patterns of specialization and coexistence in bird assemblages
Authors: Belmaker Jonathan , Sekercioglu Cagan H. , Jetz Walter 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  Increased specialization has been hypothesized to facilitate local coexistence and thus high species richness, but empirical evaluations of the richness–specialization relationships have been relatively scant. Here, we provide a first assessment of this relationship for terrestrial bird assemblages at global extent and from fine to coarse grains.Location  World‐wide.Methods  We use two indices of specialization that describe species‐level resource use: diet and habitat specialization. The relationship between richness and mean assemblage‐level specialization was independently assessed at realm, biome‐realm, 12,100 km2 equal‐area grid cells and fine‐grained scales. To identify assemblages that are diverse relative to environmental conditions we: (1) applied quantile regressions, (2) statistically accounted for other environmental variables which may constrain richness, and (3) parsed the data according to the residuals of a model relating species richness to the environmental variables.Results  Assemblage species richness increases with both measures of specialization at all scales. Statistically, richness appears constrained by levels of specialization, with the highest richness values only found in specialized assemblages. Richness is positively associated with specialization even after accounting for gradients in resource availability. Net primary productivity and assemblage specialization have complementary statistical effects on assemblage species richness. Contrary to expectations based on niche partitioning of local resources, the relationship between specialization and richness is steep even at coarse scales.Main conclusions  The results demonstrate that for an entire clade, totalling > 9000 species, specialization and species richness are related, at least for diverse assemblages. The strong patterns observed across scales suggest that this relationship does not solely originate from (1) limits on coexistence in present‐day assemblages, or (2) increased specialization in richer assemblages imposed by species’ abilities to partition ecological space. Instead, regional‐scale influences on the species pool may determine much of the observed relationship between richness and specialization. Although causal attribution is not straightforward, these findings support the idea that, for the scale of our analysis, specialization may be related to the past origination of high‐diversity assemblages, rather than their contemporary assembly.
Are physical intervention techniques likely to cause pain or injury when applied to manage the severely aggressive older adult? A survey of physiotherapist’s expert views in the UK
Authors: Stubbs Brendon , Hollins Lee 
Published: August 2011

Aim.  To establish whether a professional consensus can be established amongst musculoskeletal physiotherapists or whether they believe certain physical intervention techniques would cause pain or injury if applied to an older adult.Background.  Physiotherapist involvement in the context of a multidisciplinary team framework to develop adaptive techniques as required for complex physical presentations has resulted in lower injury rates than in working‐age adults. Physiotherapists are experts in anatomy and human movement and are ideally placed to contribute to the safe application of physical intervention in older adults.Design.  A survey design was used.Method.  A questionnaire was developed and tested to ascertain the physiotherapist’s opinions of the likelihood of each technique causing the patient pain and/or injury. The lead author distributed 41 questionnaires to physiotherapists in two busy hospitals in the UK.Results.  Thirty‐four (83%) of physiotherapists returned the completed questionnaires. The physiotherapists had particular concerns about the use of wrist flexion and kneeling on the older adult in prone causing pain and/or injury. Some other techniques that we have advocated in our earlier research were approved by many of the respondents, e.g. supporting the forearm with both hands proximal to the wrist joint. None of the physiotherapists had attended a physical intervention course or applied it in the clinical setting, thus enabling them to analyse the techniques purely from a biomechanical movement perspective. Implications for nursing practice are discussed.Conclusions.  It is anticipated that this research will stimulate nurses and course providers to develop patient group‐specific physical intervention techniques and thus reduce the risk of causing them pain and/or injury.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study reaffirms the heightened risks associated with applying restraint techniques to older adults. An issue that needs to be addressed is whether the duty of care which is explicit and implicit within the relationship between nurse and patient is to be fully discharged. It also reinforces prior research that has called for patient‐specific physical intervention techniques and highlights some commonly used techniques that may have a deleterious effect on aggressive older adults. It also identifies the professional support that physiotherapists can offer to teams implementing physical intervention techniques within the context of clinical practice.
Flying Start NHS™: easing the transition from student to registered health professional
Authors: Banks Pauline , Roxburgh Michelle , Kane Helen , Lauder William , Jones Martyn , Kydd Angela , Atkinson John 
Published: August 2011

Aims and objectives.  To evaluate the impact and effectiveness of Flying Start NHS™ on the confidence, competence and career development of newly qualified practitioners.Background.  The first year of practice as a registered nurse, midwife, or allied health professional is recognised as challenging. This paper presents the findings of a two‐year evaluation of Flying Start NHS™, a web‐based programme developed by NHS Education Scotland to support newly qualified health professionals during the transition from student to qualified practitioner.Design.  Descriptive design with one to one and focus group interviews, plus a survey.Methods.  The evaluation employed a multi‐method approach including telephone interviews with Flying Start NHS™ leads/coordinators (n = 21) and mentors (n = 22) and focus groups with newly qualified practitioners (n = 95). An online survey was completed by 547 newly qualified practitioners.Results.  A majority of newly qualified practitioners reported that Flying Start NHS™ had been useful in terms of clinical skills development and confidence. Those who were able to take protected time were more likely to complete the learning units and report that the support they received was good. Both newly qualified practitioners and mentors reported a lack of time. Newly qualified practitioners who took up posts in the community expressed greater satisfaction with the support received.Conclusions.  NHS Boards should ensure that there is an ethos of support at all levels, as well as an understanding of the purpose of Flying Start NHS™ and what newly qualified practitioners require to do to complete it. The expectation that newly qualified practitioners will enrol on Flying Start NHS™ should be accompanied by an expectation that they will complete the programme in their first year, coupled with support to enable them to do so.Relevance to clinical practice.  Undertaking Flying Start NHS™ in the first year of employment increases clinical skills development and confidence. Mentors require training and time to enable them to provide support.
Factors that facilitate and hinder the manageability of living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in both patients and next of kin
Authors: Olsson Ozanne Anneli , Graneheim Ulla H , Persson Lennart , Strang Susann 
Published: August 2011

Aim and objectives.  This study aims to illuminate factors that facilitate and hinder the manageability of living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in patients and next of kin. Fourteen patients and 13 next of kin were interviewed.Background.  The whole family becomes affected when a person gets the disease. Therefore, it is important to identify strategies for managing the life situation among both patients and their next of kin.Design.  A qualitative descriptive study.Method.  This study based on individual interviews was performed in spring 2007. The interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis.Results.  The results indicate constant fluctuation between opportunities and limitations in individual ability – of patients and family members – to manage the life situation. Both patients and next of kin devised strategies to manage their situations through acceptance, living in the present and perceiving real presence and support from family, friends and authorities. Dysfunctional relationships with family members, friends, or authorities reduced the manageability of the situation. Furthermore, patients experienced difficulties managing their situations when forced into passivity and increased dependence. Next of kin experienced decreased ability to manage because of burden, lack of own time and feelings of being controlled.Conclusion.  The fluctuations in manageability and the similarities and differences between the pairs, indicate the importance of support, both for the individual and the family.Relevance to clinical practice.  Fluctuations in manageability and similarities and differences between approaches to managing the situation suggest a need for input from caregivers, for the whole family. Family members need support and time for their own needs and also the opportunity to increase their awareness and understanding of the needs of other family members. This study may give health personnel insight into how to help families devise strategies to manage a complex life situation.
Density‐dependent pollen limitation and reproductive assurance in a wind‐pollinated herb with contrasting sexual systems
Authors: Hesse Elze , Pannell John R. 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. Wind pollination is thought to have evolved in response to selection for mechanisms to promote pollination success, when animal pollinators become scarce or unreliable. We might thus expect wind‐pollinated plants to be less prone to pollen limitation than their insect‐pollinated counterparts. Yet, if pollen loads on stigmas of wind‐pollinated species decline with distance from pollen donors, seed set might nevertheless be pollen‐limited in populations of plants that cannot self‐fertilize their progeny, but not in self‐compatible hermaphroditic populations.2. Here, we test this hypothesis by comparing pollen limitation between dioecious and hermaphroditic (monoecious) populations of the wind‐pollinated herb Mercurialis annua.3. In natural populations, seed set was pollen‐limited in low‐density patches of dioecious, but not hermaphroditic, M. annua, a finding consistent with patterns of distance‐dependent seed set by females in an experimental array. Nevertheless, seed set was incomplete in both dioecious and hermaphroditic populations, even at high local densities. Further, both factors limited the seed set of females and hermaphrodites, after we manipulated pollen and resource availability in a common garden experiment.4. Synthesis. Our results are consistent with the idea that pollen limitation plays a role in the evolution of combined vs. separate sexes in M. annua. Taken together, they point to the potential importance of pollen transfer between flowers on the same plant (geitonogamy) by wind as a mechanism of reproductive assurance and to the dual roles played by pollen and resource availability in limiting seed set. Thus, seed set can be pollen‐limited in sparse populations of a wind‐pollinated species, where mates are rare or absent, having potentially important demographic and evolutionary implications.
Tissue/fluid correlation study for the depletion of sulfadimethoxine in bovine kidney, liver, plasma, urine, and oral fluid
Authors: CHIESA O. A. , LI H. , KIJAK P. J. , LI J. X. , LANCASTER V. , SMITH M. L. , HELLER D. N. , THOMAS M. H. , Von BREDOW J. 
Published: August 2011

Chiesa, O. A., Li, H., Kijak, P. J., Li, J. X., Lancaster, V., Smith, M. L., Heller, D. N., Thomas, M. H., von Bredow, J. Tissue/fluid correlation study for the depletion of sulfadimethoxine in bovine kidney, liver, plasma, urine, and oral fluid. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 249–258.Sulfonamides are among the oldest, but still effective, antimicrobial veterinary medicines. In steers and dairy cows, the sulfonamides are effective in the treatment of respiratory disease and general infections. Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in steers and dairy cows with a tolerance of 100 ng/g (ppb) in edible tissues and 10 ppb in milk. The detection of SDM residue above tolerance in the animal slaughtered for food process will result in the whole carcass being discarded. This report describes a comprehensive depletion study of SDM (and its main metabolite) in plasma, urine, oral fluid, kidney, and liver. In this study, nine steers were injected intravenously with the approved dose of SDM; the loading dose was 55 mg/kg, followed by 27.5 mg/kg dose at 24 h and again at 48 h. Fluids (blood, urine, and saliva) and tissue (liver and kidney) samples were collected at intervals after the last dose of SMD. The combination of laparoscopic serial sampling technique with the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method provided the data to establish the tissue/fluid correlation in the depletion of SMD. A strong correlation and linearity of the log‐scale concentration over time in the depletion stage has been confirmed for kidney, liver, and plasma.
Feasibility of neonatal dried blood spot retrieval amid evolving state policies (2009–2010): a Children's Oncology Group study
Authors: Linabery Amy M. , Slater Megan E. , Spector Logan G. , Olshan Andrew F. , Stork Susan K. , Roesler Michelle A. , Reaman Gregory H. , Ross Julie A. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryLinabery AM, Slater ME, Spector LG, Olshan AF, Stork SK, Roesler MA, Reaman GH, Ross JA. Feasibility of neonatal dried blood spot retrieval amid evolving state policies (2009–2010): a Children's Oncology Group study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2011; 25: 549–558.Dried blood spots (DBS) are collected uniformly from US newborns to test for metabolic and other disorders. Because evidence exists for prenatal origins of some diseases, DBS may provide unique prenatal exposure records. Some states retain residual DBS and permit their use in aetiological studies. The primary study aim was to assess the feasibility of obtaining residual DBS from state newborn screening programmes for paediatric and adolescent cancer patients nationwide with parental/subject consent/assent. Families of leukaemia and lymphoma patients aged ≤21 years diagnosed from 1998 to 2007 at randomly selected Children's Oncology Group institutions across the US were questioned (n = 947). Parents/guardians and patients aged ≥18 years were asked to release DBS to investigators in spring 2009. DBS were then requested from states. Overall, 299 families (32%) released DBS. Consenting/assenting patients were born in 39 US states and 46 DBS were obtained from five states; 124 DBS were unobtainable because patients were born prior to dates of state retention. State policies are rapidly evolving and there is ongoing discussion regarding DBS storage and secondary research uses. Currently, population‐based DBS studies can be conducted in a limited number of states; fortunately, many have large populations to provide reasonably sized paediatric subject groups.