bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Libres propos sur le Japon d'Hiro-Hito
Authors: Sabouret Jean-François , Saburô Ienaga 
Published: July 2010

Free comments on Hirohito's Japan, Ienaga Saburô.
In this exclusive interview, a historian, who led a long battle against the State concerning the historical accuracy of Japanese textbooks, comments very freely on Hirohito's role during the last World War and conveys his feelings on the Japan of yesterday and of today.
Le féminisme en France depuis mai 68
Authors: Jenson Jane 
Published: July 2010

Feminism in France since May '68, Jane Jenson.
Recently much in heard of the end of feminism and post-feminism in France. Soixante-huitard women sense that their movement lives no more. Political, state and intelllectual institutions may be dominated by ex-gauchiste s, they are overwhelmingly male. The economy may be rebuilding, restructuring increases the wage gap between women and men. To understand this somewhat perverse conclusion, it is necessary to explore the history of the women's movement and document the way in which it has closely followed the changing fortunes of the Left.
Le sionisme dans l'Empire Ottoman à l'aube du 20e siècle
Authors: Benbassa Esther 
Published: July 2010

Zionism in the Ottoman Empire at the dawn of the 20th century, Esther Benbassa.
Did Jews living in Muslim lands really count for the Zionist movement ? Whatever the answer, Zionism was perceived in certain Ottoman Jewish circles as a new possibility, better adapted to local demands. It enabled various strategies to be developed there, depending on the times and the people. Zionism also acted as a factor of mobilization and identity in the various strata of Jewish society, as important as the objectives set at the top. Zionism was not spared the questions that shook Ashkenaz Zionism elsewhere, in particular those of community membership and of nationalism.
La menace d'intervention militaire américaine pendant la conférence de Genève et la stratégie des États-Unis (1954)
Authors: Césari Laurent 
Published: July 2010

The threat of American military intervention during the Geneva conférence of 1954 and US strategy, 1954, Laurent Césari.
US records, especially those of the National Security Council and the State Department, and those of the Quai d'Orsay, make it possible to reconstruct the French-American negotiation simultaneous with the Geneva conference. After the fall of Dien Bien Phu on 8 May 1954, J.F. Dulles offered an American military intervention in Indochina, in accordance with the policy of containment of communism in South-East Asia. But the conditions attached to this proposal, military and diplomatic developments and above all the misunderstandings about the meaning of a joint military action caused the plan to be postponed, thereby revealing the depth of the differences between the French and the Americans. The former wanted to safeguard their Empire, whereas the latter wanted to prepare themselves to replace French influence.
L'aventure cinéphilique de positif (1952-1989)
Authors: Frémaux Thierry 
Published: July 2010

The movie fans'adventure : Positif (1952-1989), Thierry Frémaux.
Created in 1952 by a few students from Lyons, the magazine Positif was one of the most vital incarnations of the great wave of demanding and militant film enthusiasm which emerged in the 1950s and was to level off in the 1970s. Often opposed to Cahiers du cinema, the journal defended a cinema of social denunciation and erudite criticism, committed and passionate, which made up a " style " of its own and brought about its success. But this search for a kind of cinematographic purity ended up by isolating Positif, whose audience has declined considerably. The history of a magazine thus becomes material for a cultural history of today's France.
À propos des célébrations décennales du mai français
Authors: Rioux Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2010

On the decennial célébrations of the French May, Jean-Pierre Kioux
May 1968 remains, after more than 20 years, an event difficult to commemorate even though collective memory has already taken possession of it and mythified it. A study of the two decennial waves of celebration, in 1978 and 1988, reveals a well- orchestrated captation of discourse by a few witnesses of the 1968 " generation " and a proliferation of commentary. The author proposes that the 30-year marker be skipped. The history of May is long overdue and should now be undertaken.
Le retour de la géographie
Authors: Pitte Jean-Robert 
Published: July 2010

The return of geography, Jean-Robert Pitte
After a few " blissful decades " during which it became a composite of sub-disciplines, geography has corne full circle. It is now more visible in the landscape of the media landscape and makes itself heard in the concert of the social sciences. It is now ready to renew relations with its old companion, history ; it now has a different type of reflection on space, the environment, human action. Geography examines the new relation between nature and culture which haunts the end of the 20th century. This article opens the perspective ; it is an invitation to a resumption of a long-interrupted dialogue.
La transparence et la mémoire
Authors: Werth Nicolas 
Published: July 2010

Openness and memory. The Soviets look at their past, Nicolas Werth
An examination of literary works, films, TV programs, articles in newspapers and scientific journals in which the question of glasnost in history has been posed since 1986, shows clearly the cleavages between establishment historians and « revisionists » who want to pursue the truth even in the dark periods of Soviet history. With, in the end, a battle on the historical front which results in an acknowledgment of the failure of ideology.
Autoportraits du Brésil
Authors: Carelli Mario 
Published: July 2010

Self-portraits of Brazil, Mario Carelli.
Like all discourses on national identity, the quest for " Brazilianity ", that one can follow through the writings of the intellectuals, poets and novelists, suffers from a two-fold weakness. One weakness is due to its object : national character is more easily described than defined. The other cornes from the ephemeral and ideologically dubious dimension of the concept's références, in particular racial criteria. But that is how Brazil " Brazilianized " itelf, particularly because this perpetual reflexion on the Brazilian, is embodied in major works of fiction.
L'affaire Rajk, quarante ans plus tard
Authors: Fejtö François 
Published: July 2010

The Rajk affair, 40 years later, François Fejto.
The author reconsiders the conclusions of the article he published in Esprit 40 years ago and maintains most of them, after examining the testimonies and the rare archives opened up to historians since then. Yes, Stalin had Rajk and several other " rabid dogs " hanged in order to bring Tito down ; yes, the trial was fixed. But a few secrets are still lie dormant in the KGB archives. Will perestroika dig them up soon ?
Martin Malia dans l'historiographie du monde soviétique
Authors: Winock Michel 
Published: July 2010

The stakes/Martin Malia in the historiography of the Soviet world, Michel Winock.
This portrait of Martin Malia stresses the originality ot this scholar specialized in the study of Russian and Soviet history in the historiographie landscape of 1990. The author of Comprendre la révolution russe is neither a " Pietist " inebriated by Gorbachev nor a " revisionist ". He remains faithful to an analysis of Communist reality based on the totalitarian model, with a spirited and sharp sense of observation which do not push him towards optimism for the near future of perestroika.
Les deux tentations de la politique extérieure allemande, de Bismarck à nos jours
Authors: Müller Klaus-Jürgen 
Published: July 2010

The tow temptations of German foreign policy since Bismarck, Klaus-Jürgen Müller.
Since the formation of the Reich in 1871, Germany has wavered between the solitary and often aggressive assertion of her own power and a policy of privileged alliance. Bismarck himself tried out each of the alternatives. From Caprivi to Hitler, from Ludendorff to Stresemann, the ambivalence remained, until Adenauer's 1949 decision which hooked Germany to western Europe and the Atlantic alliance. In 1990, this policy is not challenged despite the accelerated progress of the unity of the two Germanys. A choice between a German Europe and a European Germany will not be necessary.
Les fêtes de la Creuse
Authors: Dauger Georges 
Published: July 2010

The Creuse feasts, Georges Danger.
The Popular Front feast displayed two characteristics : it associated politics and entertainment, and it was meant to favor both unity and pluralism. It was at the same time a revolutionary celebration, a political rally, a municipal fair, and a veterans' banquet. In rural Creuse, the Popular Front feasts had also a pagan inspiration which evoked old myths. Above all, the immediate prewar civic feast refered to the Revolutionary civic feast without any need for mediation.
La crise du golfe en août 1990. Leçons pour l'historien
Authors: Ilbert Robert 
Published: July 2010

The Gulf crisis of August 1990. Lessons for the histofian, Robert Ilbert.
Just when historians are making the most mistakes, they are being asked from all directions to legitimate current deeds. Avoid the trap of obvious comparisons, of reconstitutive genealogies or causes bereft of their context : that is one of the lessons historians should learn from the August 1990 Gulf crisis before they are too much tempted to give advice.
La reconstruction française en Sarre (1945-1950)
Authors: Baudouï Rémi 
Published: July 2010

French reconstruction in the Saar, 1945-1950, Remi Baudouï.
In occupying the Saar in July 1945, the French had not only an economic objective. They hoped to contribute to denazification by rebuilding the destroyed cities according to functionalist town planning and architectural principles. But while the group of architects appointed to carry out this job was convinced of the excellence of its mission, it conceived of it in an authoritarian way, without taking into account either the inhabitants' wishes or the advice of municipal councils. Torn between several decision-making bodies, cut off from unconsulted war victims, reconstruction policy a topic of political and national debate had failed barely four years after its inception. Archi- tecture preceded the 1955 referendum by which the Saar became German again.
Limiter les naissances. Le cas de conscience des catholiques français (1880-1939)
Authors: Sevegrand Martine 
Published: July 2010

Limiting births, the French Catholics' case of conscience (1880-1939), Martine Sevegrand.
The demands of the Catholic church concerning fecundity and birth control have met with tenacious resistance in France since the 19th century. This does not come only from lay catholics subtracting their conjugal life from the Church's judgment so as to practice birth control, but also from priests careful not to lose their flock. The silence adopted by many confessors in spite of the Roman directives is witness of a deep malaise vis-à-vis the traditional doctrine concerning fecundity and continence. The solemn reaffirmation of that doctrine by a papal encyclical in 1930 only delayed public expression of questions and criticism within the Catholic church.
Radio, culture et démocratie en France : une ambition mort-née (1944-1949)
Authors: Eck Hélène 
Published: July 2010

Radio, culture and democracy in France, a still-born ambition (1944-1949), Hélène Eck.
At the time of Liberation, the state rapidly took over the function of information, leaving that of culture and entertainment to radio professionals. The national radio thus tried to play the role of an active cultural intermediary, capable of explaining « the great issues of the hour » to a broad audience. The national radio thus became in the beginning of the Fourth Republic a factor of French cultural life. While programming hesitated as to the relative place of high culture and « popular » entertainment, the choices nevertheless privileged authors such as Jean Cocteau who accepted the apprehension of the « mouth of darkness ». Subject to public service constraints and reinforced political control due to the Cold War, the radio did not have total freedom of cultural expression, as shown by the Antonin Artaud censorship case. In spite of everything, the radio did not suspend, in the name of politics, its minimal mission of reporting literary news.
Pour une histoire économique optimiste
Authors: Marseille Jacques 
Published: July 2010

A plea for an optimistic economic history, Jacques Marseille.
Previously guaranteed a clear first position in the French historiographic landscape, economic history now seems deserted. The author attributes this phenomenon to the gap between the scholars, prisoners of their inheritance, and the changing public opinion, but refuses to give up on economic history. He advocates the renewal of a history which ought to become more accessible and open new fields of study, on the basis of a more optimistic reassessment of some of too readily accepted clichés.
Les avatars du « grand dessein » Russe
Authors: Minassian Taline Ter 
Published: July 2010

The successive embodiments of the Russian ' grand design ', Taline Ter Minassian.
A Messianic theme developed over several centuries, the Mediterranean question in its classic form of the problem of the access to the Straits has been a constant first of Russian, then of Soviet foreign policy. But in the present state of the URSS's economic and national decomposition, Soviet diplomacy is no longer able to carry out a power policy, one aspect of which has been the search for the Mediterranean locks since at least the 19th century. In a more modest perspective, it is now applied outside of the Mediterranean area, even it still aspires to dispose of some influence in the hypothesis of a general settlement of the Near East problems.
« L'œil de la tempête ». Les États-Unis et le Golfe persique de 1945 à 1990
Authors: Mélandri Pierre 
Published: July 2010

" The eye of the storm ". The United States and the Persian Gulf from 1945 to 1990, Pierre Mélandri.
The first crisis of the cold war occurred in 1946 and concerned Iran. As for the first post-cold war confrontation, it pitted a formidable international coalition directed by Washington against Iraq. These two " firsts " faithfully reflect the vital interest America has shown in the Persian Gulf region since the end of the Second world war. But this interest was manifested in doctrines which were not based only on a possible use of force to maintain the Vax americana in the region. The multiplicity of domestic and external parameters, not the least of which has been the Israeli-Arab conflict, demanded delicate diplomacy.
Le conflit national en Yougoslavie
Authors: Lutard Catherine 
Published: July 2010

The Yugoslav national conflict, Catherine Lutard.
The disappearance of Yugoslavia, the Federation of Southern Slavs warrants a historic positioning of the conflicts among its nationalities. Tito had promoted a federalism which did not resist the collapse of socialism : during the 1980s, a national crisis settled in against a background of economic and social troubles, today, one can only be pessimistic about the future of the Yugoslav federation.
L'épuration administrative en France après la libération. Une analyse statistique et géographique
Authors: Rouquet François 
Published: July 2010

The administrative épuration in France after the Liberation. A statistical and geographical analysis, François Rouquet.
Statistics concerning the administrative purge have been underestimated. The number of civil servants then purged probably cornes closer to twice the figure generally given. But the analysis of this purge which concerned the very heart of the State remains delicate because of the many parameters to be taken into account, i.e. the local and regional factor which reveals many geographical disparities.
Violence et culture politique en Allemagne entre les deux guerres
Authors: Weisbrod Bernd 
Published: July 2010

Violence and political culture in interwar Germany, Bernd Weisbrod.
The entire German political culture has since 1918 integrated the acceptation of violence. The author follows the fatal consequences of this failing in the Weimar period, through the action of the Freikorps (Corps francs), then under the Third Reich. The banalization of evil in Germany (H. Arendt) was also a characteristic of the political culture.
Aux origines de l'économie sociale de marché état, économie et conjoncture dans l'allemagne du 20e siècle
Authors: Abelshauser Werner 
Published: July 2010

At the origins of social market economy. State, economy and conjuncture in 20th century Germany, Werner Abelshauser.
The thesis developed by Mancur Oison in The Rise and Decline of Nations (1982) stimulates an analysis of the paths through which Germany gradually oriented itself towards ordo-liberalism and social market economy. While for M. Oison only brutal ruptures imposed by circumstances could lead to the recomposition of a given economic order, the author states, on the contrary, that German-style interventionism is rooted in a whole historical coherence that, starting with the industrial take-off of the 19th century, went through the blocked modernity of the Weimar period and reached its most decisive moment in the 1929 crisis and the Third Reich.
Francis Bouygues. L'ascension d'un entrepreneur (1952-1989)
Authors: Barjot Dominique 
Published: July 2010

Francis Bouygues. The rise of and entrepreneur (1952-1989), Dominique Barjot.
From the beginning of the 1950s to the late 1980s, Francis Bouygues succeeded in building a genuine industrial empire, number one worldwide in the field of building and public works. This spectacular rise was based on a " Bouygues model " combining a vast cluster of diversified companies, an efficient internationalization strategy, a constant interest in innovation and a type of social paternalism.
Pour une histoire des villes et communes jumelées
Authors: Chombard-Gaudin Cécile 
Published: July 2010

For a history of twinned cities and towns, Cécile Chombard-Gaudin.
Poorly known and little studied, the city twinning movement gradually extended to regions, appeared in the afternmath of the Second World War to promote the bringing together of common people. It goes well beyond the somewhat folklore image to which it is sometimes reduced. Its political dimension raised great tensions, especially during the Cold War. Retracing the main Unes of its development, the author encou- rages reflection and suggests research lines for a history that remains to be written.
Darlan, un amiral entre deux blocs. Réflexions sur une biographie récente
Authors: Paxton Robert O. 
Published: July 2010

Darlan, an admiral between two blocks. Reflections on a recent biography, Robert O. Vaxton.
Although the recent biography of Darlan by H. Coutau-Bégarie and C. Huan (Fayard, 1989) is based on substantial documentation, it is not convincing either on the supposed " double game " of Vichy, or on the idea that there is a " respectable " Vichy (that of Pétain and Darlan) and a " bad Vichy " (that of Laval). While the thesis of the neutralist strategy that Darlan is said to have implemented between the two blocks, the German and the Anglo-Saxon ones, is arresting and while the taking into account of Darlan's personality represents a major contribution, the lack of knowledge of the German, English and American archives and above ail the distorsion between the documents presented and the commentary removes much credibility from this work.
Le festival Sigma de Bordeaux (1965-1990)
Authors: Taliano-Des Garets Françoise 
Published: July 2010

The Sigma festival of Bordeaux (1965-1990), Françoise Taliano-des Garets.
On its creation in 1965, Sigma was a protest festival which welcomed avant-garde theater and music. Intended to shock the Bordeaux bourgeois, this yearly manifestation was also an instrument of the Bordeaux municipality's cultural policy. The rise of its mayor, Jacques Chaban-Delmas, to the position of Prime Minister, helped the festival to secure its audience and its financial solidity, but it was also the beginning of its decline. The Sigma case raises the problem of the ageing of an avant-garde festival in a municipal stronghold whose most important official was understood that culture could serve his national political image.
Les classes moyennes vues par le PCF et le PSU (1962-1968)
Authors: Massa Patrick 
Published: July 2010

The middle classes seen by the PCF and the PSU (1962-1968), Patrick Massa.
The economic and political conjuncture of the 1960s explains the interest parties of the left for the middle classes. But since Marxist theory pays little attention to these categories which belong to both labor and capital, the thinking about the new working class implied some intellectual gymnastics and a degree of concealment. There appeared thus the concepts of " class front " and " union of the people of France ". These concepts were not sufficient to draw together durably the salaried middle strata which could hardly accept the hegemony of the working class in the daily struggle and in the analysis of the society in which they lived.
Structures du pouvoir et politiques de modernisation dans la Chine du 20e siècle
Authors: Bergère Marie-Claire 
Published: July 2010

Power structures and modernization policies in 20th century China, Marie-Claire Bergère
To modernize the empire ? The idea never stopped haunting China's leaders. It has however always encountered the same problems, from the New Politics inaugurated in 1901 to Deng Xiaoping's. The article provides a comparative study. The stakes of Chinese modernization go beyond the form of power, whether or not communist. It is not possible to modernize without trusting autonomous social forces, without reforming the State apparatus, without changing the political culture.
L'inauguration du musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporain de Nice en 1990
Authors: Poirrier Philippe 
Published: July 2010

The inauguration of the Nice Museum of Modem and Conteporary Art in 1990, Philippe Poirrier.
On 8 April 1990, the Franco-American sculptor Annan refused to inaugurate the retrospective of his work at the new Modem and Contemporary Art Museum of Nice in company of Jacques Médecin, mayor of Nice. The reason was the mayor's complecency vis-à-vis the National Front's theses. The incident originated a local and then a national affair that in which the artists, the elected officials of the Côte d'Azur and the minister of Culture, Jack Lang, were involved. The debate clearly illustrates some of the political stakes involved in cultural policies in France.
Pour une écriture européenne de l'histoire de l'Europe
Authors: Roussellier Nicolas 
Published: July 2010

For a European writings of the history of Europe, Nicolas Roussellier.
What if there was no European history? What if the 1989 break had changed the setting of any historic work on Europe? What if the topics for study could no longer be linked as lazily to the national situation alone? The autor shows the rhetorical traps of comparativism or subsidiary at all costs. He enunciates the inadequacies of a retrospective approach that flatters too easily european identity or civilization. He pleads for a totally new project of historic writing.
Prélude à la Perestroïka. Le rapport de Tatiana Zaslavskaïa (Novossibirsk, 1983).
Authors: Mendras Marie , Vernet-Straggiotti Marie-Thérèse 
Published: July 2010

A prelude to perestroïka. Tatiana Zaslavskaïa's report, Marie Mendras and Marie-Thérèse Vemet-Straggiotti.
In april 1983, at the Novosibirsk Academicians' Center, a closed seminar, held at the initiative of T. Zaslavskaïa produced this document written in stilted but fairly lucid language. Although it was banned from circulation by the Soviet authorities, the Washington Post published some passages. Here, for the first time is the French version of this premonitory document.