bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of RelB by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes sensitivity of breast cancer cells to radiation
Authors: Mineva Nora D. , Wang Xiaobo , Yang Sanghwa , Ying Haoqiang , Xiao Zhi‐Xiong J. , Holick Michael F. , Sonenshein Gail E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAberrant constitutive expression of the NF‐κB c‐Rel and RelA subunits in breast cancer cells was shown to promote their survival. Recently, we demonstrated that aggressive breast cancers constitutively express high levels of the RelB subunit, which promotes their more invasive phenotype via induction of the BCL2 gene. As these cancers are frequently resistant to therapy, here we tested the hypothesis that RelB promotes their survival. High RelB expressing Hs578T and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells were more resistant to γ‐radiation than MCF7 and ZR‐75 cells, which express lower RelB levels. Knockdown of RelB in Hs578T led to decreased survival in response to γ‐irradiation, while conversely ectopic expression of RelB in MCF7 cells protected these cells from radiation. Similar data were obtained upon treatment of Hs578T or MCF7 cells with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. High serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D are associated with decreased breast cancer risk and mortality, although, the mechanisms of its protective actions have not been fully elucidated. Treatment of Hs578T and Her‐2/neu‐driven NF639 cells with 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreased RelB/RELB gene expression and levels of pro‐survival targets Survivin, MnSOD and Bcl‐2, while increasing their sensitivity to γ‐irradiation. Thus, RelB, which promotes survival and a more highly invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells, is a target of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, providing one mechanism for the observed protective role of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in patients with breast cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 593–599, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of HSP27 alters hypoxia‐induced endothelial permeability and related signaling pathways
Authors: Liu Tiegang , Guevara Oscar E. , Warburton Rod R. , Hill Nicholas S. , Gaestel Matthias , Kayyali Usamah S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis manuscript describes how the permeability of pulmonary artery microvascular endothelial cell (RPMEC) monolayer is elevated by hypoxia and the role played by HSP27 phosphorylation. p38 MAP kinase activation leading to HSP27 phosphorylation was previously shown by our laboratory to alter the actin cytoskeleton and tethering properties of RPMEC. This effect was independent of hypoxia‐induced contractility which was ROCK‐dependent rather than HSP27‐dependent. Results described here show that increased HSP27 phosphorylation not only does not underlie hypoxia‐induced permeability, but may actually augment the endothelial barrier. Hypoxia causes gap formation between RPMEC and increases MLC2 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of MYPT1, which inhibits MLC2 phosphatase, is also increased in hypoxia. In addition, FAK phosphorylation, which alters focal adhesion signaling, is increased in hypoxia. Overexpressing phosphomimicking HSP27 (pmHSP27), which induces significant actin stress fiber formation, surprisingly renders RPMEC resistant to hypoxia‐ or TGFβ‐induced permeability. siRNA against pmHSP27 reverses the increased actin stress fiber formation in pmHSP27‐overexpressing cells, and disrupting actin stress fibers in pmHSP27‐overexpressing RPMEC renders them more susceptible to hypoxia. Finally, hypoxia‐induced gap formation, as well as phosphorylation of MLC2, MYPT1 and FAK are almost abolished by overexpressing pmHSP27 in RPMEC. These effects of pmHSP27 overexpression might represent decreased cytoskeletal plasticity and increased tethering which counteracts permeability‐inducing contractility. Thus hypoxia activates two pathways one leading to contractility and increased permeability, the other leading to actin stress fibers, stronger adhesion, and reduced permeability. Altering HSP27 phosphorylation, which tips the balance towards decreased permeability, might be targeted in managing endothelial barrier dysfunction. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 600–610, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acrosomal exocytosis of mouse sperm progresses in a consistent direction in response to zona pellucida
Authors: Buffone Mariano G. , Rodriguez‐Miranda Esmeralda , Storey Bayard T. , Gerton George L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSperm acrosomal exocytosis is essential for successful fertilization, and the zona pellucida (ZP) has been classically considered as the primary initiator in vivo. At present, following what is referred to as primary binding of the sperm to the ZP, the acrosome reaction paradigm posits that the outer acrosomal membrane and plasma membrane fuse at random points, releasing the contents of the acrosome. It is then assumed that the inner acrosomal membrane mediates secondary binding of the sperm to the ZP. In the present work we used a live fluorescence imaging system and mouse sperm containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in their acrosomes. We compared the processes of acrosomal exocytosis stimulated by the calcium ionophore ionomycin or by solubilized ZP. As monitored by the loss of EGFP from the sperm, acrosomal exocytosis driven by these two agents occurred differently. When ionomycin was used, exocytosis started randomly (no preference for the anterior, middle or posterior acrosomal regions). In contrast, following treatment with solubilized ZP, the loss of acrosomal components always started at the posterior zone of the acrosome and progressed in an anterograde direction. The exocytosis was slower when stimulated with ZP and on the order of 10 sec, which is in accordance with other reports. These results demonstrate that ZP stimulates acrosomal exocytosis in an orderly manner and suggest that a receptor‐mediated event controls this process of membrane fusion and release of acrosomal components. These findings are incorporated into a model. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 611–620, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utilization of organically stabilized proteinous solid waste for the treatment of coloured waste‐water
Authors: Fathima N Nishad , Aravindhan R , Rao J Raghava , Nair BU 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Solid waste emanating from tanneries contains a high percentage of protein with raw trimmings from hides constituting a significant percentage of the solid waste. In this study, organically stabilized trimmings (OST) have been used as an adsorbent material for removal of colour from waste‐water.RESULTS: Various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and pH have been optimized. The effect of neutral salts on the dye adsorption capacity of OST has also been studied. The adsorption of dye by OST follows the Freundlich isotherm. More than 99% removal of colour has been achieved. Commercial trials prove the potential use of organically stabilized trimmings for the treatment of colored wastewater.CONCLUSIONS: Dye loaded OSTs have been employed in the manufacture of a tanning salt, which can be used in the leather industry. Thus, a holistic solution to the challenging solid waste disposal problem has been developed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Uncovering genetic regulatory network divergence between duplicate genes using yeast eQTL landscape
Authors: Zou Yangyun , Su Zhixi , Yang Jian , Zeng Yanwu , Gu Xun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGenetical genomics, a novel approach combining microarray technology and quantitative genetic analysis, aims to identify the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), which may regulate the genome‐wide expression pattern. In this article, we have studied yeast genomic eQTL data to investigate how the genetic eQTL regulation of ancestral gene has diverged since gene duplication. Our findings are as follows: (i) Duplicate genes have higher heritability for gene expression than single‐copy genes, but little difference in their epistasis and directional effect. (ii) The divergence of trans‐acting eQTLs between duplicate pairs increases with the evolutionary time since gene duplication. (iii) Trans‐acting eQTL divergence can explain about 21% of the variation in expression divergence between duplicate pairs with KS<2.0, which increases to 27% when the transcription factor (TF)–target interaction divergence is combined. Moreover, under the partial correlation analysis, trans‐acting eQTL divergence seems make a bigger contribution to expression divergence than does TF divergence. (iv) Trans‐acting eQTL divergence between duplicate pairs is correlated with gene ontology categories “Biological processes” and “Cellular components,” but not with “Molecular functions,” and is related to fitness defect under treatment conditions, but not with fitness under normal condition. We conclude that eQTL analysis provides a novel approach to explore the effect of gene duplications on the genetic regulatory network. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:722–733, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The multi‐color Ramsey number of an odd cycle
Authors: Li Yusheng 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLet rk(G) be the k‐color Ramsey number of a graph G. It is shown that
$r_{k}(C_{5})\le \sqrt{18^{k}\,k!}$ for k⩾2 and that rk(C2m+ 1)⩽(ckk!)1/m if the Ramsey graphs of rk(C2m+ 1) are not far away from being regular. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62: 324–328, 2009
Label‐free determination of protein–ligand binding constants using mass spectrometry and validation using surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry
Authors: Jecklin Matthias C. , Schauer Stefan , Dumelin Christoph E. , Zenobi Renato 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe performed a systematic comparison of three label‐free methods for quantitative assessment of binding strengths of proteins interacting with small molecule ligands. The performance of (1) nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nESI‐MS), (2) surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and (3) isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was compared for the determination of dissociation constants (KD). The model system studied for this purpose was the human carbonic anhydrase I (hCAI) with eight known and well characterized sulfonamide inhibitors (Krishnamurthyet al.,Chem. Rev.2008, 108: 946–1051). The binding affinities of the inhibitors chosen vary by more than four orders of magnitude e.g., theKDvalue determined for ethoxzolamide by nESI‐MS was 5 ± 1 nM and theKDvalue for sulfanilamide was 145.7 ± 10.0 µM. The agreement of the determinedKDvalues by the three methods investigated was excellent for ethoxzolamide and benzenesulfonamide (variation with experimental error), good for acetazolamide and 4‐carboxybenzenesulfonamide (variation by ∼ one order of magnitude), but poor for others e.g., sulpiride. The accuracies of theKDvalues are determined, and advantages and drawbacks of the individual methods are discussed. Moreover, we critically evaluate the three examined methods in terms of ease of the measurement, sample consumption, time requirement, and discuss their limitations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emerging drugs: mechanism of action, mass spectrometry and doping control analysis
Authors: Thevis Mario , Thomas Andreas , Kohler Maxie , Beuck Simon , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe number of compounds and doping methods in sports is in a state of constant flux. In addition to ‘traditional’ doping agents, such as anabolic androgenic steroids or erythropoietin, new therapeutics and emerging drugs have considerable potential for misuse in elite sport. Such compounds are commonly based on new chemical structures, and the mechanisms underlying their modes of action represent new therapeutic approaches arising from recent advances in medical research; therefore, sports drug testing procedures need to be continuously modified and complementary methods developed, preferably based on mass spectrometry, to enable comprehensive doping controls. This tutorial not only discusses emerging drugs that can be categorized as anabolic agents (selective androgen receptor modulators, SARMs), gene doping [hypoxia‐inducible factor stabilizers, peroxisome‐proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)δ‐agonists] and erythropoietin‐mimetics (Hematide) but also compounds with potentially performance‐enhancing properties that are not classified in the current list of the World Anti‐Doping Agency. Compounds such as ryanodine‐calstabin‐complex modulators (benzothiazepines) are included, their mass spectrometric properties discussed, and current approaches in sports drug testing outlined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Qualitative and quantitative comparison of N‐glycans between pig endothelial and islet cells by high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry‐based strategy
Authors: Kim Yun‐Gon , Gil Geun‐Cheol , Jang Kyung‐Soon , Lee Sukmook , Kim Hyoung‐Il , Kim Jung‐Sik , Chung Junho , Park Chung‐Gyu , Harvey David J. , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: April 2009

AbstractN‐glycan structures released from miniature pig endothelial and islet cells were determined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF), negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) MS/MS and normal‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP‐HPLC) combined with exoglycosidase digestion. Totally, the identified structures were 181 N‐glycans including 129 sialylated and 18 α‐galactosylated glycans from pig endothelial cells and 80 N‐glycans including 41 sialylated and one α‐galactosylated glycans from pig islet cells. The quantity of the α‐galactosylated glycans from pig islet cells was certainly neglectable compared to pig endothelial cells. A number of NeuGc‐terminated N‐glycans (80 from pig endothelial cells and 13 from pig islet cells) are newly detected by our mass spectrometric strategies. The detailed structural information will be a matter of great interest in organ or cell xenotransplantation using α 1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout (GalT‐KO) pig. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant compounds in green and red peppers as affected by irrigation frequency, salinity and nutrient solution composition
Authors: Marín Alicia , Rubio José S. , Martínez Vicente , Gil María I 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: There is a need to encourage more sustainable agricultural practices, reducing inputs of water and fertilisers while minimising any negative impact on fruit quality. The effect of irrigation frequency, salinity and potassium and calcium fertilisation on the content of bioactive compounds and quality attributes of green and red peppers grown with and without substrate was evaluated.RESULTS: Low irrigation frequency and salinity improved the quality attributes (dry matter, soluble solids content and titratable acidity) of pepper. Low irrigation frequency increased vitamin C content by 23% in green peppers, while in red fruits it was not affected. In contrast, total carotenoids and provitamin A only increased in red fruits by 30% and 15%, respectively, as a consequence of low irrigation frequency. When the effect of potassium and calcium doses was investigated, it was shown that a high proportion of potassium increased the vitamin C, provitamin A and total phenolic content of red and green peppers, whereas pepper grown at low calcium doses, presented the highest content in carotenoids and provitamin A.CONCLUSION: Low irrigation frequency and fertilisation with high potassium and low calcium doses improved pepper quality increasing the content of bioactive compounds. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Compensatory growth in slaughter pigs reared under organic conditions
Authors: Fernández José Adalberto , Nørgaard Jan Værum 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Compensatory growth is the physiological process leading to accelerated growth following a period of growth retardation. This study assessed different feeding strategies that may induce compensatory growth. Pigs from two sire breeds, reared under organic conditions, were subjected to: (1)ad libitumfeeding; (2) 0.7×ad libitumfeeding; (3) 0.7×ad libitumfeeding for 25 days followed byad libitumfeeding to slaughter; and (4) as (3) but finished with an energy‐ and vitamin E‐enriched diet.RESULTS:Compared to the performance ofad libitumfed pigs, re‐alimentation was not capable of fully compensating the effect of the imposed feed restriction either in the number of days used to reach the same slaughter weight (+4% to 7%) or in the slaughter weight achieved in the same number of feeding days (−0.5% to 2.0%,P= 0.65 and 0.11).CONCLUSION:It is reasonable to propose that although compensatory growth does occur by re‐alimentation after feed restriction, the compensation is far from always complete. The latter is a crucial aspect that has to be taken into account when considering the application of feeding strategies expected to lead to compensatory growth in organic pig production. The expectation of compensatory growth alone does not necessarily justify the application of these strategies. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Young age is not associated with increased local recurrence for DCIS treated by breast‐conserving surgery and radiation
Authors: Turaka Aruna , Freedman Gary M. , Li Tianyu , Anderson Penny R. , Swaby Ramona , Nicolaou Nicos , Goldstein Lori , Sigurdson Elin R. , Bleicher Richard J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundWe report local recurrence (LR) after breast‐conserving surgery and radiation (BCS + RT) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to determine outcomes for patients aged ≤40 years compared with older women.MethodsThe study included 440 women with DCIS treated from 1978 to 2007. All patients received whole‐breast radiotherapy with a boost in 95% of cases. Demographics, characteristics, surgical, and adjuvant treatments were analyzed for an effect on LR.ResultsMedian age was 56.5 years with 24 patients aged ≤40. Median DCIS size was 0.8 cm. Re‐excision was required in 62% of patients, and in 75% of those aged ≤40. Tamoxifen was used in 22%, but only one patient aged ≤40. Median follow‐up was 6.8 years. Actuarial LR was 7% (95% confidence interval of 4–11%) at 10 years and 8% (5–14%) at 15 years. There was no difference in LR by age (P = 0.76).ConclusionsThe long‐term risk of LR after BCS + RT for DCIS is low, even in patients ≤40 years. This may be due to patient selection for small size, high utilization of re‐excision, and radiation boost. Young age may be a smaller contributor to LR risk in DCIS than previously suggested. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:25–31. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endoscopic clipping of duodenal stump leakage after Billroth II gastrectomy in gastric cancer patient
Authors: Lee Jong Yeul , Ryu Keun Won , Cho Soo‐Jeong , Kim Chan Gyoo , Choi Il Ju , Kim Min Ju , Lee Jong Seok , Kim Hyun Beom , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Young Woo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVarious gastrointestinal anastomotic breakdown has been reported to be closed by endoscopic clipping. However, no report has been issued on the control of duodenal stump leakage after Billroth II gastrectomy by endoscopic clipping. The authors describe successful endoscopic clipping in a case of duodenal stump leakage. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:80–81. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutritional management during neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Bower Matthew R. , Martin Robert C.G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPatients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer are at a high risk for malnutrition due to the effects of chemoradiation, dysphagia, and malignancy induced cachexia. Preparation for esophagectomy requires careful assessment of nutritional risk and adequate supplementation as indicated. Supplementation via the enteral route is preferred to the parenteral route but requires feeding tube placement. Endoscopically placed silicone stents have also shown promise as a means to alleviate malnutrition and avoid invasive feeding tubes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:82–87. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Middle ear cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Gurgel Richard K. , Karnell Lucy H. , Hansen Marlan R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Primary carcinoma of the middle ear is a rare clinical entity, best suited for evaluation using a population‐based database. The objective of this study was to utilize the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to determine the incidence, treatment, and survival of middle ear carcinoma.Study Design:Analysis of national cancer database.Method:Using SEER*Stat software, records for patients diagnosed with middle ear carcinoma between 1973 and 2004 were extracted from the SEER database. Five‐year, observed survival was analyzed, with significant differences determined by the Wilcoxon statistic.Results:The 5‐year observed survival rate for the 215 patients in this study was 36.4%. Histologic subtypes included squamous cell carcinoma (62.8%), adenocarcinoma (18.2%), other carcinomas (13.0%), and noncarcinomas (6.0%), with 5‐year survival rates of 23.9%, 65.0%, 60.0%, and 38.6%, respectively (P = .003). Of the 123 patients with known stage, 23.6% had local, 69.1% had regional, and 7.3% had distant disease, with their 5‐year survival rates being 64.9%, 34.2%, and 0%, respectively (P < .001). Treatment included surgery (31.2%), radiation (16.3%), surgery and radiation (38.6%), or no treatment (8.4%) with 5‐year survival of 69.2%, 14.6%, 26.4%, and 0%, respectively (P < .001).Conclusions:Patients with primary middle ear carcinoma have a relatively poor prognosis. However, subsets of patients, such as those with adenocarcinomas and with localized tumors, demonstrated significantly better survival. Surgery alone had significantly better survival than the other treatment groups, presumably due to less advanced disease in this treatment group. These data are useful in counseling patients and understanding the natural history of middle ear carcinoma. Laryngoscope, 2009
Metal uptake in lolium perenne established on spent mushroom compost amended lead‐zinc tailings
Authors: Jordan S. N. , Mullen G. J. , Courtney R. G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA greenhouse trial was performed to contrast the growth and metal accumulation in Lolium perenne established on pyritic tailings amended with varying applications of spent mushroom compost (SMC). The lead‐zinc tailings were retrieved from a moderately vegetated land impoundment facility located at Gortmore, Silvermines, Co. Tipperary (Ireland) and SMC was incorporated at application rates of 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 t ha−1. The grass species Lolium perenne was sown at an application rate of 200 kg ha−1 and the subsequent biomass determined after 42 and 84 days. For the most part, metal concentrations in Lolium perenne showed a significant linear response (p < 0·05) to SMC application and generally decreased favourably with increasing SMC application (p < 0·05). This phenomenon may be attributed to the vast biosorption capacity of SMC owing to the presence of phenolic, carboxyl and phenolic functional groups, the development of stable metal chelates by the organic matter present in SMC and/or by the biosorbing of toxic metals by fungal mycelium, however this reduction in metal uptake by Lolium perenne is most likely due to greater plant dry weight caused by the increasing SMC applications. In spite of this, Lolium perenne suffered severe toxicity resulting from the inherently high concentrations of total zinc (1443–5920 mg kg−1), lead (33–478 mg kg−1) and cadmium (1·4–49 mg kg−1) accumulated within the plant 84 days after seeding, the grass had adversely withered irrespective of SMC application. Therefore, a barrier break must be introduced in the tailings facility to prevent the uptake and accumulation of these lethal metal concentrations by plants. Only then should SMC and other suitable soil forming materials be utilized as growing media, as the incorporation of an organic amendment followed by direct seeding of a grass species is not economically or environmentally viable for permanent re‐vegetation of the Gortmore tailings management facility (TMF). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.