bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Root Morphology for Inbred Lines of Corn as Related to Performance1
Authors: Andrew R. H. , Solanki S. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRoot volume, length, number, dry weight, seminal root volume and top‐root ratio of 14 inbreds grown in solution culture were correlated with growth after seminal root removal and with field performance at low competition and after root pruning.Inbreds differed significantly in their root character with number and volume positively associated, and number and length negatively associated. Rates of increase for root volume, length and number differed markedly, with rate of growth in length actually decreasing with maturity.Inbreds with higher top‐root ratios had small actual root systems. As development proceeded, those inbreds with a high proportion of seminal roots tended to have smaller total root systems. Top dry weight produced after seminal root removal was highly correlated with total root volume and number, indicating that those inbreds with larger root systems were better able to tolerate loss of their seminal roots. While loss of seminal roots reduced ultimate top dry weight, time of loss of these roots was of relative unimportance.Only limited statistical relationships were apparent for root volume, length and number with field performance, although the proportion of seminal roots was important. Those inbreds with vigorous seminal root systems early in development tended to show less reduction in height and ear weight and less delay in maturity due to root pruning in the field. Those with a high proportion of seminal roots later in development and with high top‐root ratios showed more damage due to root pruning and more delay in maturity.
Effects of Spot Seeding on Establishment of Three Range Grasses1
Authors: McGinnies William J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA two‐year study was made to determine the effects on seedling establishment of placing more than one seed in a seed‐spot or hill. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron trichophorum (Fisch. ex Link.) Schult.), pubescent wheatgrass (Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richt.) and Russian wildrye (Elymus junceus Fisch.) were planted at 2 locations in northern Colorado in seed‐spots that contained 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 seeds per spot. At Fort Collins, the number of seedlings produced per seed planted was reduced as the number of seeds per spot was increased. At the second location, north of Nunn, Colorado, the effects of number of seeds per spot were not consistent.
Effect of Partial Acidulation and Elemental Sulfur on Availability of Phosphorus in Rock Phosphate1
Authors: Ashby D. L. , Fenster W. E. , Attoe O. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study was made of the effect of partial acidulation of rock phosphate, coating with elemental S, granule size, placement, and soil pH on yield and uptake of P and S by ryegrass grown on Miami (pH 6.7) and Dubuque (pH 6.0 and 7.0) silt loams in the greenhouse. In most cases, both yield and P uptake increased with each increase in level of acidulation; however, the results for the 50 and 100% levels were quite similar. Total P recovery by the ryegrass was highly correlated with the percentage of total P that was available (water soluble plus citrate soluble) in the fertilizer. Mixing of the granules with the soil gave higher yields and P recovery than banding, and the 10‐ to 20‐mesh granules were generally more effective than the 5‐ to 10‐mesh size on the soil at pH 6.0. Coating of the granules with elemental S gave no significant increases in yield but increased P recovery significantly from the 5‐ to 10‐mesh granules in several cases. Both yield and P uptake for rock phosphate were higher at pH 6.0 than 7.0.
Effect of Germination Temperature on Surface Area and CO2 Production of Corn Seedlings1
Authors: Perrier Eugene R. , Twersky Marvin , Peters Doyle B. , Gylys Vytas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCorn seedlings were germinated at 29C and 25C, then transferred to growth chambers at 25C and aerated with sterilized, CO2‐free air under dark conditions. A modification of the Devaux technique was used to measure the surface area of irregularly shaped corn seedlings.The growth rate, as measured by the surface area and the CO2 respired, was greater for the corn seedlings germinated at 29C than at 25C. The flux of CO2 declined with time and the rate of decline increased as the temperature of germination increased. In general, the growth rate was greater for the shoot than the root under the conditions of the experiment.
Determination of Input Levels for a Selected Probability of Response on a Curvilinear Regression Function1
Authors: Walker W. M. , Carmer S. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA method was developed relating the probability of obtaining a further increase in a selected dependent variable with an increased level of input of the independent variable. For the technique presented a curvilinear regression model was assumed.The technique principally involves equating the ratio of the square of the first derivative and its variance to an F ratio. A similar equation obtained by equating the ratio of the first derivative and its standard error to t was also suggested.The solution of either equation for X, the input factor, results in a value above which the probability of being in error by rejecting the null hypothesis is greater than α, the selected probability level. At any input value less than X, the probability of being wrong in rejecting the null hypothesis is less than α.An example demonstrating the applicability of this concept to a fertilizer response function was shown.
Indicator Plant Aberrations at Threshold Soil Herbicide Levels
Authors: Lynd J. Q. , Rieck Charles , Barnes Don , Murray Don , Santelmann Paul W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPlant symptoms indicating threshold soil herbicide levels on a Typic Quarzipsamment, Eufaula fine sand, are described and illustrated for five long‐residue phytotoxic compounds from three chemical families: the substituted ureas, the triazines, and the pyridines. Cucumis sativa developed marginal chlorosis with 1 ppmw fluometuron (3 (m‐trifluoromethylpheny1)‐1,l‐dimethylurea); palmate veinal chlorotic pattern with 1 ppmw prometryne (2‐methylmercapto‐4,6‐bis (isopropylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazine); auxin‐type manifestations of meristematic tissues with 0.01 ppmw picloram (4‐amino‐3,5,6‐uichloro‐picolinic acid); and an interveinal chlorotic pattern with 1 ppmw pyriclor (2,3,5‐trichloro‐4‐pyridinol). Robinia pseudoacacia developed severe leaf curling and stem twisting with tendril type appearance and restricted club‐like root system at 1 ppmw N‐serve (2‐chloro‐6‐(trichloromethyl) pyridine).
Chemical Composition, Palatability, and Digestibility of Ryegrass‐Tall Fescue Hybrids, ‘Kenwell’, and ‘Kentucky 31’ Tall Fescue Varieties1
Authors: Buckner R. C. , Todd J. R. , Burrus P. B. , Barnes R. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn annual ryegrass‐tall fescue amphiploid hybrid, a (perennial ryegrass × tall fescue) × tall fescue backcross hybrid, ‘Kenwell,’ and Ky. 31 tall fescue were compared for digestibility, palatability, and chemical constituents thought to be related to nutritional quality of forages. The grasses were sampled during spring, summer and fall, 1963–1966.The amphiploid hybrid was higher in crude protein, total sugars, moisture, and in vitro digestibility and lower in silica and crude fiber than the backcross hybrid and tall fescue varieties.All chemical constituents were closely associated and influenced digestibility and palatability. Silica was positively associated with crude fiber and negatively related to protein, sugar, moisture, and digestibility.The grasses increased in soluble and decreased in structural cell constituents during the fall season. Sugar content may be a valuable criterion for evaluating the grasses studied for nutritional value in a breeding program.
Influence of Season, Population, and Spacing on Axillary Bud Development of Sweet Corn1
Authors: Andrew R. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEarly single‐eared and late multiple‐eared sweet corn hybrids were grown in a range of spacings, populations, and row widths over a 5‐year period at the Arlington Experimental Farm. The plots on Waupun silt loam soil were at a high fertility level as recommended for production of 3,810 to 5,080 kilograms (150 to 200 bushels) of field corn per acre. Determinations were made of snapped weight in the husk, usable husked ear weight, number of usable ears, percent of usable ears, maturity and of barrenness and multiple earing on a usable and total ear basis, concern here being primarily with the last three measurements.Prolific Hybrid 2 was more responsive to season in production of weight of snapped corn in the husk. Hybrid 1 was more dependent upon plant population for production of number of usable ears while Hybrid 2 was able to compensate at low populations by producing more ears per plant. Percent of usable ears was markedly higher for both hybrids at all treatments in the drier year, indicating that rainfall had its greatest effect on activation of buds rather than on proportion of buds completing development. This effect was relatively greater for Hybrid 2. While barrenness was directly proportional to population, the single eared hybrid showed relatively more barrenness at the high population and under dry conditions. Population was of greater importance than row width in terms of response elicited for the measurements of these studies.
Effect of Soil Fertility and Plant Competition on Grain Sorghum Panicle Morphology and Panicle Weight Components1
Authors: Blum A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPanicle weight components (i.e., number of branch whorls per panicle, number of branches per whorl, number of grains per branch and grain weight) and rachis morphology were analyzed under different soil fertility and plant population treatments.High soil fertility and low plant competition increased the 1000‐grain weight and number of grains per panicle. The latter component was affected by soil fertility through the number of branches per whorl and the number of grains per branch, and by plant competition through the number of whorls per panicle and the number of grains per branch. Higher soil fertility and lower plant competition promoted a longer panicle through the increase in rachis internode length and number of internodes, respectively. The degree of contribution of some components to the number of grains per panicle was not always equal throughout the length of the panicle.A negative correlation, which became stronger as the number of grains per panicle increased, was found between weight of grain and number of grains per branch. Intra‐panicle competition between these components was suggested.
Emergence and Seedling Growth Related to Oxygen Content and Oxygen Diffusion Rate in Different Soils1
Authors: Kaack K. , Kristensen K. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbsractEmergence and growth of winter wheat and emergence of mustard responded to oxygen concentration in the soil atmosphere. Winter wheat germinated at nearly zero oxygen and showed maximum emergence at about 10% oxygen. Mustard did not emerge at oxygen concentrations below 2% and emergence increased with oxygen content up to the highest concentration tried (atmospheric air). Emergence and growth correlated better with the oxygen content in the soil air than with the oxygen diffusion rate (ODR), measured with the platinum microelectrode. For comparable oxygen concentrations, emergence and growth were generally better at low (70 cm tension) than at high (5 cm tension) water content in the soils.
Differences among Plant Species in Selenium Accumulation from Soils Low in Available Selenium1
Authors: Ehlig C. F. , Allaway W. H. , Cary E. E. , Kubota J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe uptake of Se by several plant species was compared with the uptake of Se by alfalfa under field and greenhouse conditions. Differences among plant species in Se accumulation from soils low in Se were small. Field samples of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) contained about one‐half the Se concentration of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook) Gray, a noted Se accumulator in high‐Se soils, accumulated about five times as much Se as did alfalfa when grown in pots of Dalton silt loam (pH 7.0) which had been treated with 0.75 ppm Se labelled with 75Se. Of the other 22 species tested, the species with the highest Se concentration had only about three times that of the one with the lowest Se concentration. The Se concentration in grasses decreased with increases in the rate of dry matter production, whereas the Se concentration in dicotylendon species, except dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber), did not decrease with increase in the rate of dry‐matter production.On soils low in Se, stage of growth had little effect on the Se concentration of alfalfa. Drying at 50 C did not cause postharvest losses of Se.
Persistence of Birdsfoot Trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L. as Influenced by Plant Growth Habit and Grazing Management1
Authors: Van Keuren R. W. , Davis R. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe persistence of birds foot trefoil as a pasture legume grown with Kentucky bluegrass was studied for a 6‐year period. The inclined point quadrat was used to measure changes in the trefoil stands as influenced by grazing system, species of grazing animal, and plant growth habit. Trefoil was shown to be a long‐lived perennial. Rotational grazing was necessary for trefoil persistence under grazing; the trefoil stand was sharply reduced under continuous grazing. The species of grazing animal was not a major factor in trefoil persistence. Semiprostrategrowing ‘Empire’ was found to persist slightly better than upright‐growing ‘Viking’.
Manganese‐Sulfur Fusions as a Source of Manganese for Crops1
Authors: Ludwick A. E. , Sharpee K. W. , Attoe O. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the availability of manganese to ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from manganese‐sulfur fusions. Total yields of eight successive cuttings were not appreciably affected by the various manganese treatments, but the concentration of manganese in the tissue was directly related to the solubility of the compounds used and inversely related to granule size and soil pH. The 20 to 40 and the 40 to 80 mesh fusions of MnCO3 with sulfur (1:2) gave an sample and fairly steady supply of manganese for the eight cuttings. The coarser granule sizes were less effective. The total manganese content of the cuttings was about two to five times higher for the MnCO3‐S fusions than for comparable MnO2‐S fusions. It was also about two to four times higher at a soil pH of 6.0 than at 7.2. Total crop recovery of applied elemental sulfur and soil sulfate was inversely related to granule size and ranged from 22 to 112%.
Effect of Varied Rates of Atrazine and Simazine on the Establishment of Several Zoysia Strains1
Authors: Engel R. E. , Funk C. R. , Kinney D. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo triazine herbicides, atrazine and simazine, were applied over freshly planted stolons of five different strains of zoysia. Herbicide rates ranged from 1.4 to 8.4 kilograms active chemical per hectare (1 1/4 to 7 1/2 lb/A). The variety ‘Meyer’ and the two experimental selections B52‐22(24) and B21‐15(4) showed good tolerance to herbicide treatments with excellent stolon survival and only moderate growth reduction at chemical rates needed for good weed control. The variety ‘Midwest’ and the selection B21‐15(22) were substantially less tolerant and showed severe damage from treatment at this stage. Atrazine was more phytotoxic than simazine, especially on the less tolerant zoysia types.
Effect of Seaweed on the Levels of Available Phosphorus and Nitrogen in a Calcareous Soil1
Authors: Caiozzi Mario , Peirano Pedro , Rauch Eduardo , Zunino Hugo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe objective of the present investigation was to study changes in levels of phosphorus and nitrogen in soils supplemented with dry, ground seaweed, KNO3, and KH2PO4 After intervals of 21, 42, 76, and 105 days, phosphorus, nitrate, and ammonium were determined. The results showed that the seaweed affected the status of total inorganic N and P in the soilIn all systems the levels of available inorganic phosphorus increased. However, part of the N that was added as nitrate or that was originally present in the soil was immobilized. The results further indicated that inorganic P of seaweed origin was probably in a form other than simple phosphate.
Influence of Mineral Nutrition on Pigmentation in Sorghum1
Authors: Doak K. D. , Miller Paul R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFive sorghum arieties, ‘Dwarf Yellow ’ milo, KB2 512; ‘Atlas ’ sorgo. FCI 9112; ‘Feterita, ’ SPI 51991; ‘Fargo Straightneck’ milo, CI 809; and Feterita, KB 2563 were grown in nutrient and cultures with nitrogen levels from 0.01 to 2.0, in five steps in the phosphorus series and four steps in the potassium series. The amount of purple pigmentation in the five sorghum varieties was influenced by both phosphorus and nitrogen. This feature does thus not serve correctly as a deficiency indicator for phosphorus at low nitrogen levels. These varieties also differed widely in the amount of pigmentation produced at comparable nutrient levels.
Estimation of the Tasseling Date of Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Stauber M. S. , Zuber M. S. , Decker W. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWeather records and data from a 10‐year date‐of‐planting study of corn (Zea mays L.) conducted near Columbia, Missouri, were used to estimate the length of period from planting to tasseling. The accumulated maximum daily temperature for the first 35 days after planting was found to be very effective in predicting tasseling dates. The linear statistical model used resulted in a coefficient of determination of 0.96 and standard error of estimate of 2.05 days. The relationship between temperature and length of the period from planting to tasseling was curvilinear. Increases in temperature resulted in decreases at a decreasing rate in the number of days in the period from planting to tasseling. Delays in planting resulted in reductions in the length of the period from planting to tasseling at a rate of approximately a 1‐day reduction for a 5‐day delay in planting. Differences in the length of the period from planting to tasseling were slight for hybrids of different relative maturity classes. The model for predicting tasseling date of corn should prove useful to producers and agronomists interested in scheduling of cultural or experimental operations sensitive to the tasseling of the crop.
Effects of Lime and Phosphorus Treatments in Specific Horizons of Acid Soil on Growth and Chemical Content of Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Estrada Jose , Cummings George A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of phosphorus and lime applications to the Ap and/or A2 horizon of a Norfolk loamy sand upon the growth and P and A1 content of corn were determined under greenhouse conditions. Increasing the supply of P in either horizon resulted in significant increases in top growth. This increase was of greater magnitude when P was supplied to the Ap than when supplied to the A2 horizon. The growth response of roots in each horizon to P application followed the same trends as top growth except when high levels of P were applied in both horizons the relative increases were much less than with top growth. Applications of lime to the A2 horizon resulted in increases in root growth in that horizon which were not increased further by lime application to the Ap horizon. Lime application in the A2 horizon resulted in slight increases in weight of tops and of roots from the Ap horizon. However, only when lime was applied to the Ap horizon was maximum top growth and root growth in the Ap horizon realized. Significant effects upon phosphorus concentrations in tops and in roots from the Ap horizon were not observed with the first increment of phosphorus in either horizon. A marked increase in phosphorus content was obtained from the second increment of phosphorus. Lime application resulted in a decrease in P and A1 concentration. The decrease in AI concentration was much less from the lime than from the P treatment.
Influence of Method of Planting and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Establishment of Birdsfoot Trefoil1
Authors: Watson H. , Matches A. G. , Peters E. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStands, root lengths, root weights, and root−top ratios of birdsfoot trefoil, and botanical composition of orchardgrass−birdsfoot trefoil swards were not significantly influenced by 28 kg/ha (25 lb/A) of nitrogen starter fertilizer. In general, there was no significant influence of method of planting on “established” stands of birdsfoot trefoil. Seeding trefoil alone resulted in larger individual plants than when seeded with a grass.
Nitrogen Content of Grain as Influenced by Water Supplied to the Plant1
Authors: Stone J. F. , Tucker B. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResults of independent studies involving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) indicate that a linear relationship exists between nitrogen fraction in the grain and the quantity of water applied to the soil surface just prior to and through vegetative growth of the plant. The effect was noted consistently in studies in Oklahoma and Texas. The designated purpose of these studies was to determine effects of fertilizer amounts and irrigation amount and timing on the production of crops. The studies were conducted at widely separated locations over eight growing seasons. The effect was noted by chance during evaluation of one of the studies and was found to exist in data found in the literature and in data from other studies of the authors.
Nutrient Distribution During Development of Three Market Types of Peanuts. II. B, Cu, Mn, and Zn Contents1
Authors: Martens D. C. , Hallock D. L. , Alexander M. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe B, Cu, Mn, and Zn contents of portions of ‘Virginia 61R,’ ‘Early Runner,’ and ‘start’ peanuts (Arachis hypogea L.) were determined at various sampling dates during the 1966 growing season. The main stem of the three cultivars generally contained higher amounts of B and Mn than the hypocotyl‐crown, the stemmy and leafy portions of the first and second lateral branches, or the fruit. The highest Cu contents were usually present in the fruit and hypocotyl‐crown and the highest Zn contents in the fruit and main stem. Significant differences among cultivars in B, Mn, and Zn contents of similar plant portions occurred on one or more sampling dates. Similar differences were not obtained for Cu. All plant portions sampled decreased in one or more micronutrients during the growing season, except the stemmy portion of the first and second lateral branches and the fruit.
Response of Soybean Plant Types to Planting Patterns1
Authors: Hicks D. R. , Pendleton J. W. , Bernard R. L. , Johnston T. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFour plant types—short determinate (dt1), tall determinate (Dt2), narrow leaflet (ha), and normal—in both ‘Harosoy’ and ‘Clark’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genetic backgrounds were compared in various planting patterns at Urbana, Illinois. The eight lines were seeded in 76‐ and 25‐cm row spacings with seeding rates of 84, 168, and 252 kg/ha in 25‐cm rows and 84 kg/ha in 76‐cm rows.A greater leaf area index was provided earlier in the season when plants were spaced in 25‐cm rows. LAI increased as seeding rate increased. More light penetrated farther into the canopies of the narrow leaflet type than the normal type. Plant height increased with higher seeding rates and narrower row spacings. Stem diameter and number of pods per plant decreased as seeding rates increased. Lodging increased as row spacing decreased and plant population increased. Plants of the short determinate types did not lodge. Row spacing and seeding rate did not statistically affect seed yield. The tall determinate types yielded 4.6% more than the normal types. There was no difference in yield between the short determinate and normal or the narrow leaflet and normal plant types.