bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between Desert Pupfish and Gila Topminnow Can Affect Reintroduction Success
Authors: Robinson Anthony T. , Ward David L. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In fisheries, recovery actions for species of concern sometimes involve reintroductions of multiple species. As an example, desert pupfish Cyprinodon macularius and Gila topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis historically had sympatric distributions and inhabited similar environments, and they are often reintroduced into the same waters. Success of these stockings has varied greatly, and a hypothesis developed among conservationists that desert pupfish populations were more likely to establish and persist if they were stocked first and allowed to establish before Gila topminnow were stocked. We examined historical records of desert pupfish reintroductions and conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate this hypothesis. For the reintroductions, we evaluated 29 ponds where four general stocking strategies (treatments) were implemented: (1) only desert pupfish were stocked, (2) desert pupfish were stocked first and allowed to establish and then Gila topminnow were stocked, (3) both desert pupfish and Gila topminnow were stocked simultaneously, and (4) Gila topminnow were stocked first and allowed to establish before desert pupfish were stocked. Desert pupfish established populations and persisted in 100% of desert pupfish-only and desert pupfish-first ponds and 57% of simultaneous-stocking and Gila topminnow-first ponds. In laboratory experiments utilizing 2.4-m-diameter tanks, the same four treatments plus one additional treatment (in which only Gila topminnow were stocked) were implemented; each treatment was replicated four times. Desert pupfish abundance increased in 75% of the desert pupfish-only trials and 50% of the desert pupfish-first trials but decreased in 75% of simultaneous-stocking trials and 100% of Gila topminnow-first trials. Gila topminnow increased in abundance in all treatments and trials but increased the least when desert pupfish were stocked first. Our results support the original hypothesis and emphasize the need to evaluate species interactions in multiple-species reintroductions. To increase success, desert pupfish should be stocked in isolation or stocked first and allowed to establish before Gila topminnow are stocked.
Received July 12, 2011; accepted August 30, 2011
3D MHD modelling of low current–high voltage dc plasma torch under restrike mode
Authors: Lebouvier A , Delalondre C , Fresnet F , Cauneau F , Fulcheri L 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We present in this paper a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modelling of the gliding arc behaviour of a dc plasma torch operating with air under low current and high voltage conditions. The low current leads to instabilities and difficulties with simulating the process because the magnetic field is not sufficient to constrict the arc. The model is 3D, time dependent and the MHD equations are solved using CFD software Code_Saturne®. Although the arc is definitively non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), the LTE assumption is considered as a first approach. The injection of air is tangential. A hot gas channel reattachment model has been used to simulate the restriking process of the arc root. After the description of the model, the most appropriate electrical voltage breakdown parameter has been selected in comparing with experimental results. A typical operating point is then studied in detail and shows the helical shape of the arc discharge in the nozzle. Finally, the mass flow rate and the current have been varied in the range 0.16–0.5 g s−1 and 100–300 mA, respectively, corresponding to typical glidarc operating points of our experimental plasma torch. The model shows good consistency with experimental data in terms of global behaviour, arc length, mean voltage and glidarc frequency.
Time-dependent effects of low-temperature atmospheric-pressure argon plasma on epithelial cell attachment, viability and tight junction formation in vitro
Authors: Hoentsch Maxi , von Woedtke Thomas , Weltmann Klaus-Dieter , Barbara Nebe J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The application of physical plasma to living tissues is expected to promote wound healing by plasma disinfection and stimulation of tissue regeneration. However, the effects of plasma on healthy cells must be studied and understood. In our experiments we used an argon plasma jet (kINPen®09) to gain insights into time-dependent plasma effects on cell attachment, viability and tight junction formation in vitro. Murine epithelial cells mHepR1 were suspended in complete cell culture medium and were irradiated with argon plasma (direct approach) for 30, 60 and 120 s. Suspecting that physical plasma may exert its effect via the medium, cell culture medium alone was first treated with argon plasma (indirect approach) and immediately afterwards, cells were added and also cultured for 24 h. Cell morphology and vitality were verified using light microscopy and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Already after 30 s of treatment the mHepR1 cells lost their capability to adhere and the cell vitality decreased with increasing treatment time. Interestingly, the same inhibitory effect was observed in the indirect approach. Furthermore, the argon plasma-treated culture medium-induced large openings of the cell's tight junctions, were verified by the zonula occludens protein ZO-1, which we observed for the first time in confluently grown epithelial cells.
Recent changes in phenology over the northern high latitudes detected from multi-satellite data
Authors: Zeng Heqing , Jia Gensuo , Epstein Howard 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Phenology of vegetation is a sensitive and valuable indicator of the dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Therefore, to better understand and predict ecosystems dynamics, it is important to reduce uncertainties in detecting phenological changes. Here, changes in phenology over the past several decades across the northern high-latitude region (≥60°N) were examined by calibrating and analyzing time series of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Over the past decade (2000–10), an expanded length of the growing season (LOS) was detected by MODIS, largely due to an earlier start of the growing season (SOS) by 4.7 days per decade and a delayed end of the growing season (EOS) by 1.6 days per decade over the northern high latitudes. There were significant differences between North America and Eurasia in phenology from 2000 to 2010 based on MODIS data (SOS: d
f = 21, F = 49.02, p < 0.0001; EOS: d
f = 21, F = 49.25, p < 0.0001; LOS: d
f = 21, F = 79.40, p < 0.0001). In northern America, SOS advanced by 11.5 days per decade, and EOS was delayed by 2.2 days per decade. In Eurasia, SOS advanced by 2.7 days per decade, and EOS was delayed by 3.5 days per decade. SOS has likely advanced due to the warming Arctic during April and May. Our results suggest that in recent decades the longer vegetation growing seasons can be attributed to more advanced SOS rather than delayed EOS. AVHRR detected longer LOS over the past three decades, largely related to delayed EOS rather than advanced SOS. These two datasets are significantly different in key phenological parameters (SOS: d
f = 17, F = 14.63, p = 0.0015; EOS: d
f = 17, F = 38.69, p < 0.0001; LOS: d
f = 17, F = 16.47, p = 0.0009) from 2000 to 2008 over the northern high latitudes. Thus, further inter-calibration between the sensors is needed to resolve the inconsistency and to better understand long-term trends of vegetation growth in the Arctic.
Characterization and Optimization of Extrusion Cooking for the Manufacture of Third‐Generation Snacks with Winter Squash (Cucurbita moschata D.) Flour
Authors: Delgado‐Nieblas Carlos , Aguilar‐Palazuelos Ernesto , Gallegos‐Infante Alberto , Rocha‐Guzmán Nuria , Zazueta‐Morales José , Caro‐Corrales José 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to study the effects of barrel temperature (BT, 93.5–140.5°C), feed moisture (FM, 21.3–34.7%), and winter squash flour content (SFC, 0.43–15.6%) on physicochemical properties of microwave‐expanded third‐generation snack foods obtained by extrusion. Physicochemical properties used for optimization were expansion index (EI), penetration force (PF), specific mechanical energy (SME), and total color difference (ΔE). Response surface methodology was used for the analysis of data. The highest values of EI and lowest values of PF were found at high BT and low FM. The lowest values of SME were obtained at high levels of FM throughout the range of BT and SFC, whereas the highest values of ΔE were obtained at high SFC and low FM. Increasing levels of SFC increased ΔE values, whereas EI and SME values decreased. The best processing conditions (EI > 6.0, PF < 9.5 N, SME < 172 kJ/kg, and ΔE < 18) were found in the range of BT, 122–141°C; FM, 24.7–29.5%; and SFC, 0–10.9%. Under optimal process conditions, the retention of total carotenoids was higher than 60%. It is possible to manufacture third‐generation snack foods with good physicochemical properties, which could bring a health benefit because of the presence of carotenoids and dietary fiber in winter squash flour.
Influence of Instrument Rigidity and Specimen Geometry on Calculations of Compressive Strength Properties of Wheat Endosperm
Authors: Delwiche Stephen R. , Morris Craig F. , Mabille Frédéric , Abécassis Joël 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTEndosperm texture is one of the most important quality features in wheat; it defines milling energy requirements and end‐use suitability. From an engineering perspective, texture can be quantified by measuring the physical property of the resistance force to crushing of precisely machined specimens of endosperm. In such procedures, cylindrical or parallelepiped blocks are crushed under a constant rate of strain, in which values are reported of maximum stress, strain at maximum stress, Young's modulus, and the energy of compression to the point of maximum stress. Generally overlooked, however, is the instrument itself, which can significantly affect the apparent values of the latter three properties. Because no instrument is infinitely rigid, departures between apparent and actual strength properties occur. In this study, the physical principles for compressive strength measurement with respect to corrections for instrument rigidity are developed. Results show that the departures are exacerbated in specimens of small slenderness ratio and elevated hardness. This issue is demonstrated in a small collaborative study involving three laboratories and three instruments with low, intermediate, and high rigidity. Specimens were prepared from wheat kernels from hard and soft near‐isogenic lines derived from the cultivar Alpowa. For strain at maximum stress, the implementation of a correction for instrument rigidity reduced the range across laboratories from 6.03–47.7% (before correction) to 4.49–7.35% (after correction) for the hard genotype, and the corresponding ranges for the soft genotype were 3.29–18.6% and 2.07–6.01%, respectively. For Young's modulus, instrument rigidity correction resulted in a tenfold correction for the hard genotype measured on the least rigid instrument, going from 0.21 GPa (before) to 4.9 GPa (after). Likewise, with this instrument, the imparted energy density to maximum stress was reduced from an average apparent value of 23 MJ/m3 (before) to 3.8 MJ/m3 (after). Because of these large differences between apparent and actual values for these physical‐strength properties, it is recommended that future strength property measurements should account for instrument rigidity by implementation of the correction procedure described herein.
First Report of Bidens mottle virus Causing Mosaic and Leaf Deformation in Garland Chrysanthemum and Lettuce in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Y. K. , Lee J. Y. 
Published: December 2011

Garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) are winter vegetables in Taiwan. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) were potyviruses commonly isolated from garland chrysanthemum and lettuce, respectively (1). Symptoms of mosaic and deformation in leaves and stunting of plants have been observed in both Compositae crops in the fields since 2007 in the Chiayi area and with an increasing incidence in recent years (26 and 33% in garland chrysanthemum and lettuce, respectively). Filamentous virus particles (approximately 780 × 13 nm) in the crude sap and pinwheel inclusions in infected cells can be observed in the preparations of both diseased hosts with electron microscopy. However, TuMV, LMV, and other potyviruses (Bean yellow mosaic virus, Papaya ringspot virus, and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus) were not detectable in diseased samples by ELISA and western blotting tests, indicating a new potyvirus infection. Virus cultures were isolated from infected garland chrysanthemum and lettuce separately via mechanical inoculations in Chenopodium quinoa. Each isolate was mechanically inoculated to their original host individually and all caused symptoms similar to that observed in the field, indicating their pathogenicity to their original host. A cDNA fragment consisting of partial nuclear inclusion (NIb) and coat protein (CP) genes were amplified with potyvirus degenerate primers (forward: 5′-GGBAAYAATAGTGGNCAACC and reverse: 5′-GGGGAGGTGCCGTTCTCDATRCACCA) and was found to share 90% nucleotide sequence identity to that of Bidens mottle virus (BiMoV; GenBank Accession No. AF538686). The sequences of the CP gene and 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of tested viruses were further amplified with a specific primer of BiMoV CP and oligo-dT in reverse transcription-PCR. The amplified fragments were cloned, sequenced, and the combined cDNA sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession No. AB491763 for isolate garland chrysanthemum and Accession No. AB491764 for isolate lettuce). Sequence analysis showed that both cloned sequences shared more than 97% nucleotide similarity to that of BiMoV. The amino acid sequence of the CP of both isolates shared a 99.3% identity and a 98.9 to 99.3% identity to that of other BiMoV isolates deposited in GenBank. BiMoV was first described to be infecting lettuce and Cichorium endivia in the United States (4) and was first reported in sunflower and calendula in Taiwan recently (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of BiMoV in garland chrysanthemum and lettuce in Taiwan. References: (1) Y. K. Chen et al. Plant Pathol. Bull. 5:55,1996. (2) C.-H. Huang and F.-J. Jan. Plant Dis. 95:362, 2011. (3) J. Y. Liao et al. Arch. Virol. 154:723, 2009. (4) F. Youssef et al. Arch. Virol 153:227, 2008.
Management of children with high‐risk Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kelly Kara M. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryMost children and adolescents with newly diagnosed high‐risk Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) will achieve remission and cure with conventional chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. However, these therapies can lead to long‐term side effects. Therapy is titrated on the basis of risk group stratification using clinical prognostic factors and, in most cases, then refined through assessment of interim or end of chemotherapy response, primarily using functional imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. No study has clearly demonstrated the factors that are sufficient in identifying the patients at highest risk for relapse that may benefit from therapy intensification. This review summarizes recent clinical trials in paediatric high‐risk HL, along with key findings from studies in adults with high‐risk HL that are applicable to the paediatric population. New directions in prognostic classification and targeted therapies are reviewed. Considerations for clinical practice at the current time outside the clinical trial setting are provided.
Night and day: short‐term variation in nitrogen chemistry and nitrous oxide emissions from streams
Authors: BAULCH HELEN M. , DILLON PETER J. , MARANGER ROXANE , VENKITESWARAN JASON J. , WILSON HENRY F. , SCHIFF SHERRY L. 
Published: December 2011

Summary1. Diel variation in metabolism contributes to variation in oxygen (O2) concentrations in streams. This variation in O2 and other parameters (e.g. pH) can in turn affect the rates of microbial nitrogen (N) processing, concentrations of nitrogenous solutes and production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). We investigated diel variability in emissions of N2O and the magnitude of short‐term variability in N solutes across 10 streams.2. Nitrous oxide fluxes varied on average 2.3‐fold over diel cycles. Concentrations would be underestimated by sampling around noon, but N2O fluxes would not show a consistent bias. Time‐weighted mean daily N2O flux was strongly related to nitrate concentration (r2 = 0.58). Diel patterns in N2O and dissolved N species were often complex (rather than simple sinusoidal curves), probably reflecting complex underlying processes.3. Reliance on samples obtained around noon would overestimate daily mean nitrate concentrations by 5% and underestimate ammonium by 32% (average bias across all streams and dates).4. Dissolved organic N did not show consistent day–night variation. However, the magnitude of diel variability was similar to that observed for dissolved inorganic N. Organic and inorganic N concentrations were often similar. Both appear to be dynamic components of stream N budgets.5. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) relies upon an emission factor to estimate indirect agricultural N2O emissions from streams and ground water. The measured emission factor (defined as the ratio of concentrations of N2O‐N to ‐N) was typically below the recently revised IPCC default figure. Measured values varied on average 1.8‐fold over approximately 24‐h periods and were slightly higher at night than by day. The emission factor was actually highest in streams that were net sinks for N2O, highlighting a conceptual problem in the current IPCC method.6. Typical sampling programmes rely on daytime‐only sampling, which might cause bias in results. In our study streams, the bias was generally small. Diel variation in nitrate concentrations was related to mean temperature; variation in ammonium and N2O concentrations was greatest at low concentrations of nitrite and ammonium.
The outcome of the invasion of Florida lakes by Daphnia lumholtzi
Authors: HAVENS KARL E. , BEAVER JOHN R. , EAST THERESE L. , WORK KIRSTEN , PHLIPS EDWARD J. , CICHRA MARY F. , CROTEAU AMANDA C. , RODUSKY ANDREW J. , FULTON ROLLAND S. , ROSATI TEODORO C. 
Published: December 2011

Summary1. We examined 7–12 years of monthly to quarterly historical data from 15 lakes in FL, U.S.A. to determine the extent and outcome of invasion by the alien cladoceran Daphnia lumholtzi Sars.2. The alien species was found in 10 of the 15 lakes, including Florida’s three largest lakes: Okeechobee, George and Apopka. All the surveyed lakes had resident populations of the smaller native species Daphnia ambigua Scourfield.3. In most of the lakes, D. ambigua occurred seven to ninefold more often in plankton samples than D. lumholtzi, and at 10‐ to 100‐fold higher maximal densities. One exception was a small lake in central Florida (Lake Jesup), where D. lumholtzi attained high densities on several occasions in the 10 years of sampling.4. In Lake Okeechobee, where data were of sufficient quality and quantity to perform statistical analyses, the results of canonical correlation analysis indicated that high densities of D. lumholtzi were correlated with lower concentrations of suspended solids, high algal biomass and higher temperature, whereas the opposite conditions were correlated with high densities of D. ambigua.5. Based on the majority of data, D. lumholtzi has successfully invaded many lakes in Florida, yet it has not become a substantive component of the zooplankton. Additional research is needed to determine whether resources, fish predation or some other factor is responsible for this outcome of invasion.
Shifted hyperbola moveout approximation revisited
Authors: Stovas Alexey , Fomel Sergey 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe shifted hyperbola approximation is widely used in seismic applications. Mostly, this approximation is applied to reflection moveout in multilayered media. The traditional domain for this application is the t ‐ x domain. In this paper, we discuss the use of this approximation in the τ ‐ p and t ‐ p domains. The accuracy of the shifted hyperbola approximation defined in different domains is illustrated by analytical and numerical examples.
Virtual signals combination – phase analysis for 2D and 3D data representation (acoustic medium)
Authors: Poletto Flavio , Bellezza Cinzia , Wapenaar Kees , Craglietto Aronne 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTWe formulate the Kirchhoff‐Helmholtz representation theory for the combination of seismic interferometry signals synthesized by cross‐correlation and by cross‐convolution in acoustic media. The approach estimates the phase of the virtual reflections from the boundary encompassing a volume of interest and subtracts these virtual reflections from the total seismic‐interferometry wavefield. The reliability of the combination result, relevant for seismic exploration, depends on the stationary‐phase and local completeness in partial coverage regions. The analysis shows the differences in the phase of the corresponding seismic interferometry (by cross‐correlation) and virtual reflector (by cross‐convolution) signals obtained by 2D and 3D formulations, with synthetic examples performed to remove water layer multiples in ocean bottom seismic (OBS) acoustic data.