bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transverse splitting of the gracilis muscle free flap: Maximal use of a single muscle
Authors: Temmen Traci M. , Perez Jaime , Smith David J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe gracilis muscle, based on the dominant pedicle, has been used extensively for free tissue transfer. Recent studies have described the constant anatomy, ease of dissection, and low donor‐site morbidity of the distal segmental gracilis free muscle flap. We present three cases of free distal segmental gracilis muscle transfer. In one case, the gracilis muscle was divided transversely into one proximally based and one distally based free flap and used for coverage of two separate wounds in a patient with bilateral open calcaneal fractures. In two cases, the preserved proximal gracilis was used as a reoperative free flap after failure of the initial distal segmental gracilis free muscle. With recent advances in microsurgery and ever‐growing demands for low donor‐site morbidity, it is important to ensure each free muscle flap harvested is used efficiently. Use of the free distal segmental gracilis muscle flap maximally uses one muscle while minimizing donor site morbidity and retaining the proximal muscle for future uses. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Inhaled corticosteroid adherence in paediatric patients: the PACMAN cohort study
Authors: Koster Ellen S. , Raaijmakers Jan A. M. , Vijverberg Susanne J. H. , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke‐Hilse 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAimsPoor adherence with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) has been reported frequently and may be associated with uncontrolled asthma. A better understanding of factors influencing adherence may help to achieve higher adherence rates for a larger part of the population, which will eventually lead to better asthma control. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with adherence in paediatric ICS users.MethodsWe included 527 children using ICSs who participated in the Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Medication in Children: Medication with Anti‐inflammatory Effects (PACMAN) cohort study. The outcome, a parent‐reported adherence, was assessed by using the Medication Adherence Report Scale. Four categories of determinants were studied: child characteristics, family characteristics, medication use (parental beliefs towards medication; using Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire) and environmental factors.ResultsGood adherence was observed in 302 children (57%). Increased fractional exhaled nitric oxide values (indication for airway inflammation) were associated with a lower chance of good adherence (OR = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.15–0.41). Parental necessity beliefs about medication were associated with higher adherence (OR = 2.32, 95%CI = 1.59–3.39). Dutch origin was also associated with higher adherence rates (OR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.09–4.07). Furthermore, younger age (<6 years) was associated with better adherence (OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.02–2.59).ConclusionsIncreased airway inflammation was associated with lower ICS adherence, which underlines the need of good adherence to reach disease control. Our results suggest that by improving knowledge, especially in ethnic minorities, and by stimulating positive parental perception towards the nature of the disease, the characteristics of the prescribed drugs and the use of medications, better adherence and as a result better asthma control could be reached. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The International Proteomics Tutorial Programme (IPTP):A teaching tool box for the proteomics community
Authors: James Peter 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe most critical functions of the various proteomics organisations are the training of young scientists and the dissemination of information to the general scientific community. The education committees of the Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO) and the European Proteomics Association (EuPA) together with their national counterparts are therefore launching the International Proteomics Tutorial Programme to meet these needs. The programme is being led by Peter James (Sweden), Thierry Rabilloud (France) and Kazuyuki Nakamura (Japan). It involves collaboration between the leading proteomics journals: Journal of Proteome Research, Journal of Proteomics, Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, and Proteomics. The overall level is aimed at Masters/PhD level students who are starting out their research and who would benefit from a solid grounding in the techniques used in modern protein‐based research. The tutorial program will cover core techniques and basics as an introduction to scientists new to the field. At a later stage the programme may be expanded with a series of more advanced topics focussing on the application of proteomics techniques to biological problem solving. The entire series of articles and slides will be made freely available for teaching use at the Journals and Organisations homepages and at a special website, www.proteomicstutorials.org
Thermoresponsive oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate colloids with antifouling surface properties
Authors: Yavuz Mustafa Selman , Buyukserin Fatih , Zengin Zuleyha , Camli Sevket Tolga 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThermoresponsive polymeric colloids attract great attention in several biotechnological applications owing to their ability to manipulate drug release characteristics in a controlled manner. Majority of these applications utilized N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)‐based particles for controlled drug release. Despite its advantages, such as easy chemical modification and well‐documented literature, a potentially important bottleneck for NIPAM in biological applications is its tendency for nonspecific protein adsorption. Herein, we report a simple way to prepare novel thermoresponsive colloids composed of oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains via precipitation polymerization technique. In addition to displaying highly reversible thermal response, these particles also have considerably low nonspecific protein adsorption when compared with NIPAM counterparts. These crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate particles were characterized using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of co‐monomer, crosslinker and initiator on particle characteristics were investigated. Finally, particle toxicity studies were carried out using 3T3 fibroblast cell lines in MTT cytotoxicity assay. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
A case study—combining incident investigation approaches to identify system‐related root causes
Authors: Vaughen Bruce K. , Muschara Tony 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis case study demonstrates an effective incident investigation approach to identify system‐related root causes. The premise is simple: “What people do makes sense to them at the time.” The approach combines human error concepts and human factors analyses. The combined approach helps define and eliminate “hindsight bias” (the investigator's bias that exists because of the known bad consequence). The case study's human error mistake was simple and straightforward; however, it failed to capture the role that previous decisions played in the incident. The team's original recommendation was to “be more careful next time.” However, a deeper process safety management system‐related issue was uncovered by continuing the probe using the human error “root cause” as the starting point of the investigation. This is the point where the real systemic issues are found. This case study showed how poor communications between the different people involved with engineering design, contractor fabrication, equipment inspection, and subsequent site installation caused the incident. The final recommendation of the team was to link the separate management of change (MOC), prestartup safety review (PSSR), and mechanical integrity quality assurance‐related efforts together, ensuring an inspection step for “replacement‐in‐kind.” In conclusion, the combined approach helps the team better understand the timing and conditions of the event, better understand why people make the decisions they make at the time the event unfolds, and ensures that systemic root causes are discovered so that more appropriate, system‐related preventive measures are chosen and implemented. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
Gas fired oven explosion
Authors: Baker Quentin A. , Benac Daniel J. , Olson Douglas B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA natural gas fired industrial oven exploded during an attempted restart. The explosion was caused by the accumulation of natural gas during the hours preceding the restart. The oven had a fully‐automated control system, and the start, shutdown, and restart were controlled by process controls and a flame safeguard system. A malfunction of the flame detector allowed the automated controls to complete the start sequence and establish normal operating status without a flame present in the burner. The ultraviolet flame sensor gave a false positive signal, which allowed unburned natural gas to enter the oven. This investigation explored the cause of the incident and the failure modes of the flame detector. Recommendations are included for preventing this type of accident. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
Update on OSHA's PSM national emphasis programs
Authors: Long Lisa A. , Marshall Michael L. , Lay James 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSince 2007, the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has initiated two major national emphasis programs (NEPs) in process safety. The Petroleum Refinery Process Safety Management (PSM) NEP (Refinery NEP) was effective on June 7, 2007; the PSM Covered Chemical Facilities NEP (Chemical NEP) was effective on July 27, 2009. This article provides an update on the findings of these NEPs, including specific items cited and challenges encountered. Published 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
The comparison of ETBA and HAZOPS techniques
Authors: Habibi Ehsan , Zare Mohsen , Barkhordari Abolfazl , Yousefi Hossein Ali , Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe objective of this investigation is the comparison of hazard operability (HAZOP) study and energy trace and barrier analysis (ETBA) in determining chemical plant hazards. The ETBA and HAZOP results were compared and contrasted. Using the HAZOP, 126 deviations were identified, while 113 hazards were identified by ETBA. HAZOP is shown to be a more effective method for recognition and prediction of hazards compared with the ETBA. However, by combining both methods, the accuracy of the evaluation is enhanced.© 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
The study of nanoscratch and nanomachining on hard multilayer thin films using atomic force microscope
Authors: Huang Jen‐Ching , Li Chia‐Lin , Lee Jyh‐Wei 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, nanoscratching and nanomachining were conducted using an atomic force microscope (AFM) equipped with a doped diamond‐coated probe (DDESP‐10; VEECO) to evaluate the fabrication of nanopatterns on hard, Cr2N/Cu multilayer thin films. The influence of normal force, scratch speed, and repeated scratches on the properties of hard multilayer thin films was also investigated. The nanoscratch experiments led researchers to establish a probe preparation and selection criteria (PPS criteria) to enhance the stability and accuracy of machining hard materials. Experimental results indicate that the depth of grooves produced by nanoscratching increased with an increase in normal force, while an increase in the number of scratches in a single location increased the groove depth but decreased friction. Therelationships among normal force and groove depth more closely resembled a logarithmic form than other mathematical models, as did the relationship between repeated scratching and its effect on groove depth and friction. The influence of scratch speed on friction was divided into two ranges. Between 0.1 and 2 µm/s, friction decreased logarithmically with an increase in scratch speed; however, when the speed exceeded 2 µm/s, the friction appeared stable. In this study, multilayered coatings were successfully machined, demonstrating considerable promise for the fabrication of nanopatterns in multilayered coatings at the nanoscale. SCANNING 34: 51–59, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustainable Development and Natural Resource Management: an Example from Köprülü Kanyon National Park, Turkey
Authors: Cetinkaya Gulay , Kambu Alphonse , Nakamura Koji 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTMedicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been important natural resources for improving local livelihoods in Köprülü Kanyon National Park, located in Turkey. Sustainability of these resources is important to meet the needs of present and future generations. Accordingly, this study examines the MAP‐based community capitals to seek better opportunities in terms of community development, poverty reduction and sustainable livelihoods in the National Park. The method of the study included a series of stages such as fieldwork and interviews. Assessment of the data shows that a sustainable livelihood strategy is needed for bringing a positive synergy in terms of the sustainable use of MAPs in the national park, as MAPs as natural capital have led to the emergence of human, social and financial capitals to lift local livelihoods out of poverty. Finally, a number of recommendations for improving the sustainability of MAPs and local livelihoods in the park are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Semantically rich application‐centric security in Android
Authors: Ongtang Machigar , McLaughlin Stephen , Enck William , McDaniel Patrick 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTSmartphones are now ubiquitous. However, the security requirements of these relatively new systems and the applications they support are still being understood. As a result, the security infrastructure available in current smartphone operating systems is largely underdeveloped. In this paper, we consider the security requirements of smartphone applications and augment the existing Android operating system with a framework to meet them. We present Secure Application INTeraction (Saint), a modified infrastructure that governs install‐time permission assignment and their run‐time use as dictated by application provider policy. An in‐depth description of the semantics of application policy is presented. The architecture and technical detail of Saint are given, and areas for extension, optimization, and improvement are explored. We demonstrate through a concrete example and study of real‐world applications that Saint provides necessary utility for applications to assert and control the security decisions on the platform. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A private online system for executing wills based on a secret sharing mechanism
Authors: Chen Chin‐Ling , Lee Cheng‐Chi , Tseng Yuh‐Min , Chou Teng‐Tai 
Published: August 2011

SummaryFamily quarrels over inheritance, although not new, have been featured prominently in the news in recent years. Thus, the issue of executing wills for the purpose of dividing inheritance is worth investigating. Acrimony caused by family disputes or distribution of inheritance has a negative impact on society. Thus, we seek to construct a method of constructing a secure and private escrow will.The concept of secret sharing was proposed by Shamir and Blakley in 1979. Our method seeks to alleviate problems associated with secret sharing. We divide secret S into n pieces and distribute those pieces to n specific objects. We call the n owners the shadows. We then reconstruct these shadows and retrieve the original main key. Our method functions on the basis of the secret sharing mechanism. The proposed scheme combines the convenience of the Internet with cryptology technologies to solve the security problems of the online wills. It not only reduces cost and improves performance, but also prevents family infighting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting bounded context block‐sorting transformations
Authors: Culpepper J. Shane , Petri Matthias , Puglisi Simon J. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe Burrows–Wheeler Transform (BWT) produces a permutation of a string X, denoted X∗, by sorting the n cyclic rotations of X into full lexicographical order and taking the last column of the resulting n×n matrix to be X∗. The transformation is reversible in time. In this paper, we consider an alteration to the process, called k‐BWT, where rotations are only sorted to a depth k. We propose new approaches to the forward and reverse transform, and show that the methods are efficient in practice. More than a decade ago, two algorithms were independently discovered for reversing k‐BWT, both of which run in time. Two recent algorithms have lowered the bounds for the reverse transformation to and, respectively. We examine the practical performance for these reversal algorithms. We find that the original approach is most efficient in practice, and investigates new approaches, aimed at further speeding reversal, which store precomputed context boundaries in the compressed file. By explicitly encoding the context boundaries, we present an reversal technique that is both efficient and effective. Finally, our study elucidates an inherently cache‐friendly – and hitherto unobserved – behavior in the reverse k‐BWT, which could lead to new applications of the k‐BWT transform. In contrast to previous empirical studies, we show that the partial transform can be reversed significantly faster than the full transform, without significantly affecting compression effectiveness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Magnetic Field Annealing on Carburizing in Pure Iron
Authors: Wu Y. , Duan G. S. , Lu Y. , Zhao X. , Zuo L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEffects of magnetic field annealing on carburizing behavior in pure iron in the γ‐Fe temperature region were investigated. Specimens were subjected to isothermal annealing at 930 °C for 25 min with a heating rate of 5 °C /min, and then cooled in the furnace. A magnetic field with different intensity was applied during the whole heating, isothermal holding and cooling processes. The results showed that the magnetic field annealing obviously hindered the carburization in γ‐Fe in the direction parallel and anti‐parallel to the magnetic field direction and this effect increased with the enhancement of the magnetic field intensity.
On the performance of proximity‐based services
Authors: Günes Karabulut Kurt  
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTProximity‐based services (PBS) are a subclass of location‐based services that aim to detect the closest point of interest by comparing relative position of a mobile user with a set of entities to be detected. Traditionally, the performances of PBS are measured on the basis of the norm of the estimation error. Although this performance criterion is suitable for location‐based services that aim tracking applications, it does not give enough information about the performance of PBS. This paper provides a novel framework quantifying the system performance of PBS by making use of spatially quantized decision regions that are determined according to service properties. The detection problem in PBS is modeled by an M‐ary hypothesis test, and analytical expressions for correct detection, false alarm, and missed detection rates are derived. A relation between location estimation accuracy requirements that are mandated by regulatory organizations and the performance metrics of PBS is given. Additionally, a flexible cost expression that can be used to design high‐performance PBS is provided. A system deployment scenario is considered to demonstrate the results. By using this framework, PBS designers can improve their command on the services’ behavior and estimate service performance before deployment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to humans and activity pattern of European souslik (Spermophilus citellus) in zoo conditions
Authors: Górecki Marcin Tadeusz , Juszkiewicz Agnieszka , Graclik Agnieszka , Kala Borys 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEuropean souslik (Spermophilus citellus) is an endangered species being the subject of reintroduction plan in some European countries, including Poland. It is important to obtain data about behavior of reintroduced species, especially a reaction to captivity of specimens prepared to release. The aim of this study was to evaluate influence of human exposure on sousliks behavior. Observed animals were kept in Poznań zoo in three enclosures. Two of them (called “high noise”) were in part of the zoo available to the visitors, whereas one (“low noise”) was in part closed for them. In “high noise” enclosures sousliks spent more time outside burrows and more specimens were present above ground. They also ate and ran more frequently in “high noise” enclosure, whereas emitted loud voices more often in the “low noise” one. In all enclosures more animals were present above grounds in absence of humans. Time spent by one souslik above ground was positively significantly correlated with the number of sousliks outside burrows. European sousliks observed in this study were used to humans and were less vigilant if they were exposed to permanent humans presence, but they did not become tamed and behave in a way similar to free living animals. Zoo Biol 31: 249–254, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neonatal Milestones, Behavior and Growth Rate of Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) Calves Born and Bred in Captivity
Authors: Plair B.L. , Reinhart P.R. , Roth T.L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe birth of Sumatran rhino calves at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden offered a unique opportunity to study early development and cow–calf behavior in this elusive, critically endangered species. Study goals were to: (1) record developmental milestones of newborn calves; (2) characterize cow and calf behavior during the first year following birth; (3) compare trends in the behavioral development of a male vs. female calf; and (4) record weight gain and footprint size throughout the first year. In addition to recording eight neonatal milestones, more than 450 hr of behavioral data were collected on each of the two calves (one male and one female) and their dam during the first 12 months of life. Neonatal milestones were achieved within 24 hr of birth with the exception of first defecation, which occurred at 16–18 days. Although nursing bouts decreased slightly in the second half of the year (from once every 90 min to once every 2 hr), they continued to occur frequently throughout the day and night. Therefore, calves grew rapidly from approximately 33 kg at birth to 400 kg at 12 months. Average daily weight gain for the first week was approximately 2.0 kg, whereas average daily weight gain for the remaining 12 months was slight (<1 kg) and did not differ between calves. Eating and resting occupied 70–80% of the Sumatran rhino cow and calves' time and no gender biases in either maternal investment or developmental parameters were noted. Finally, footprint measurements proved valuable for estimating calf age. Zoo Biol 31:546‐560, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.