bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPECIES OF ANTITHAMNION (RHODOPHYCEAE, CERAMIACEAE) OCCURRING ON THE SOUTHEAST AFRICAN COAST (NATAL)1
Authors: Norris Richard E. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThree species of Antithamnion Naegeli were previously known from Natal, all reported since 1984. A more thorough collection of the flora in recent months has revealed that there are nine species in Natal, four of which are newly described. Vegetative characteristics are emphasized in this study of the taxonomy of Antithamnion, the most important being (1) size of axial cells, (2) form of whorl‐branchlets, (3) size of whorl‐branchlet basal cells, (4) size and shape of whorl‐branchlet terminal cells, (5) size and position of gland cells, (6) primary or secondary derivation of indeterminate lateral branches, and (7) the relationship of primary indeterminate branches, if present, to normal arrangement of whorl‐branchlets. Two closely related species, A. diminuatum Wollaston and A. eliseae sp. nov. have been grown in laboratory culture allowing for testing of stability and reliability of vegetative characteristics for use in taxonomic studies. Conclusions are that these criteria can be effectively used for these purposes. In addition to A. eliseae, A. nematocladellum, A. pterocladellum and A. adenocladellum also are described as new species. A tropical species previously known from the Caribbean and Red Seas, A. lherminieri Nasr, a species previously recorded from Japan, A. secundum Itono, a species previously known from California and Japan, A hubbsii Dawson, and two species from Australia, A. diminuatum Wollaston and A. divergens (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, are also described from Natal.
QUANTITATIVE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN AN ANTARCTIC DIATOM GROWN AT TWO LIGHT INTENSITIES1
Authors: Wood A. Michelle , Lande Russell , Fryxell Greta A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTTen clonal isolates of Thalassiosira tumida (Janisch) Hasle were grown in duplicate semi‐continuous batch cultures at 116 and 11.6 μE.m−2.s−1; acclimated cells were harvested during exponential growth and cleaned for examination by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Number of strutted processes surrounding the central annulus (SP) and average number of satellite pores per process (AVSAT) were counted using SEM on 20 valves from each culture grown in high light, for a total of 400 valves examined; number of marginal labiate processes (LP) and overall diameter (DIAM) were measured using LM on 20 valves from each culture grown in both high and low light for a total of 800 valves examined. Univariate analysis of variance showed that bottle effects resulting from microenvironmental differences between replicates were a small but significant source of variation in DIAM, LP, and SP but not AVSAT. Significant differences among clones were observed for all characters. Decreased irradiance resulted in a significant decrease in valve diameter but no significant effect on LP; no light x clone interaction was obsered. Significant covariance between characters among clones was also observed; since valve diameter is known to decrease during asexual growth, the correlation coefficients for SP, AVSAT, and LP with DIAM were used to correct the data for this source of nongenetic differences between clones. Analysis of the size‐corrected data showed that the proportion of total phenotypic variance in SP, LP, and AVSAT caused by genetic differences among clones was 0.14, 0.14, and 0.30, respectively. This indicates that the majority of total phenotypic variance was due to environmental or developmental causes, but that sufficient genetic variability exists to support rapid phenotypic evolution in SP, LP, and AVSAT under continued directional selection. Finally, the results of the genetic analysis revealed a high (0.82) genetic correlation between SP and LP.
31P NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF INTRACELLULAR PHOSPHATE POOLS AND POLYPHOSPHATE METABOLISM IN HETEROSIGMA AKASHIWO (HADA) HADA (RAPHIDOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Watanabe Masataka , Kohata Kunio , Kunugi Masayuki 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe effects of starvation and subsequent addition of phosphate‐containing medium on the phosphate metabolic intermediates were studied by 31P‐NMR spectroscopy of perchloric acid extracts and intact cells of Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) hada. When orthophosphate in the medium was completely depleted the medium was enriched with orthophosphate (4.5 μM). In the phosphate starved condition, the P cell quota was 76 fmol‐cell−1 and the major components of phosphate intermediates were phosphodiester, sugar phosphate and orthophosphate (Pi) After addition of Pi' rapid uptake of Pi was observed and the P cell quota increased to 108 fmol. cell−1 in 2 h, 134 fmol. cell−1 in 5 h and 222 fmol. cell−1 in 1 day after addition of phosphate. The 31P‐NMR spectrum indicated that a major portion of P was stored as polyphosphate, in which the average chain length of polyphosphate increased from 10 to 20 phosphate residues in one day after addition of Pi‐
OBSERVATIONS OF A TUBE‐DWELLING DIATOM: NAVICULA HAMULIFERA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Navarro J. Nelson 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTColonies of the tube‐dwelling diatom Navicula hamulifera Grunow living on mangrove prop roots in Indian River, Florida and at La Parguera, Puerto Rico, were studied using light and electron microscopy. Observations of the tube morphology and cell structure of this diatom from fresh samples and cultures are described, as well as the ultrastructural morphology of its frustule.The formation of tubes by this diatom is reported for the first time. Comparisons are made with the closest species; Navicula delognei V.H. and Navicula pseudoco moides Hendey.
PATTERNS OF RELATIVE GROWTH IN NEREOCYSTIS LUETKEANA (PHAEOPHYTA)1
Authors: Kain (Jones) Joanna M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPlants of Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. et Rupr. of different sizes were held on a raft at the surface of the sea, off the Friday Harbor Laboratories, San Juan Island, Washington for 5‐day periods for obseruation of detailed relative growth of different parts. Each stipe was marked at intenlals with injected Indian ink and each blade was punched with a series of holes. Measurements of diameter, length, width and thickness were made before and after the 5‐day periods.Blades showed a very similar pattern of relative growth rate (R) ovler an 18‐fold range of sizes. The maximum local R in length was about 0.2 day−1 and occurred at 6.5% of the distance from the bulb to the tip, declining to 0.01 at half way. Half the linear growth occurred in the proximal one tenth of the blade and 95% within the proximal half: The relative growth rate of the whole blade declined only slightly with increased size and lay between 0.03 and 0.06 day−1 (approx. 3‐6% day−1). The linear growth rate therefore increased with blade size, the maximum observed being 14 cm day−1. The maximum relative growth rate in blade width was slower, and sited more distally than that in length. Unless fertile tissue was involved all blade tissue, except that closely adjoining the bulb, became thinner duringgrowth. R in volume reached 0.3 day−1.Presumably because the plants were held near the sea surface stipes grew slowly, with a maximum linear rate of 9 mm day−1. The maximum R in length decreased with stipe length. Bulb R in volume also decreased as size increased, from a maximum of 0.3 day−1.
COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THREE SPECIES OF CHLOROSARCINA (CHLOROSARCINACEAE, CHLOROPHYTA)1,2
Authors: Deason Temd R. , Floyd Gary L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTUltrastructural studies revealed that Chlorosarcina stigmatica Deason differs from C. brevispinosa and C. longispinosa Chantanachat and Bold because the vegetative cells possess a pyrenoid, and the zoospores have chlorophycean characteristics. Zoospores of the latter species exhibit pleurastrophycean characteristics including counterclockwise absolute orientation of the flagellar apparatus components. Nuclear division in C. longispinosa, like that of Friedmannia israelensis Chantanachat and Bold, is metacentric. It is suggested that a new genus, Desmotetra, be erected for Chlorosarcina stigmatica, and that it, along with Chlorosarcinopsis Herndon, be placed in the Chlorococcales, Chlorophyceae. Chlorosarcina brevispinosa and C. longispinosa belong in the Pleurastrales, Pleurastrophyceae.
ETIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERPLASIA INDUCED BY STREBLONEMA SP. (PHAEOPHYTA) ON MEMBERS OF THE LAMINARIALES (PHAEOPHYTA)1
Authors: Apt Kirk E. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Filaments of Streblonema sp. isolated from hyperplasia (galls) on Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. et Rupr. induced similar gall growths when inoculated on young sporophytes of Nereocystis luetkeana, Macrocystis integrifolia Bory, and Laminaria japonica Aresch. Filaments were irregularly branched and uniseriate with cells 5–8 μm in diameter and 10–30 μm long. Growth under varied cultured conditions produced unilocular sporangia. Zoospores released from the sporangia germinated into identical filaments which also formed unilocular sporangia. Gall tissue originated from the innermost cells of the epidermal meristematic zone. When infected these cells divided in an irregular and unorganized manner. The resulting structure was a pronounced departure from normal morphology.
OCCURRENCE OF AN ISOPRENOID C25 DIUNASATURATED ALKENE AND HIGH NEUTRAL LIPID CONTENT IN ANTRACTIC SEA‐ICE DIATOM COMMUNITIES1
Authors: Nichols Peter D. , Palmisano Anna C. , Volkman John K. , Smith Glen A. , White David C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe lipid and hydrocarbon composition of natural populations of diatom communities collected during the austral spring bloom of 1985 in the sea‐ice at McMurdo Sound, Antartica was analyzed by TLC‐FID, GC and GC‐MS. Sea‐ice diatom communities were dominated by Amphiprora sp., Nitzschia stellata Manguin and Berkeleya sp. at Cape Armitage; N. stellata, Amphiprora, Pleurosigma, N. kerguelensis (O'Meara) Hasle and some small centric diatoms adjacent to the Erebus Ice Tongue; and Porosira pseudodenticulata (Hustedt) Jouse at Wohlschlag Bay. Lipid distributions of the sea ice diatom communities from the Cape Armitage and Ereus sites were characterized by high concentrations of tracylaglecycerol (triacylglycerolplar lipid = 1.0 to 1.5). The hydrocarbon n‐C21:6, common in temperate diatoms, and an isoprenoid C25 diunsaturated alkene were the dominant hydrocarons detected at these two sites. Hydrogenation of the C25 diene produced the known alkane 2, 6, 10, 14‐tetramethyl‐7‐ (3‐methylpentyl)‐pentadecane. The C25 diene is one of several structurally related hydrocarbons reported in many estuarine, coastal and ocean ic sediments. We propose that certain species of diatoms are a likely source of these alkenes in sediments. The first reported biological occurrence of the C25 diene in the green seaweed Enteromorpha prolifera may have been due to the presence of epiphytic microalgae in the field sample analysed.
RIMOPORTULAE IN EUPODISCUS RADIATUS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) FROM THE NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO1
Authors: K. Prasad Akshinthala K. S. , Nienow James A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSpecimens of Eupodiscus radiatus Bailey from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico were examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. In contrast to previous studies of this taxon, we report the presence of two, rarely one, rimoportulae (labiate processes) between consecutive ocelli. This finding changes our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships in the family Eupodiscaceae.
Purpura Fulminans: Report of a case successfully treated with heparin and hydrocortisone Review of 50 cases from the literature
Authors: Hjort Peter F. , Rapaport Samuel I. , Jørgensen Leif 
Published: August 2010

Severe purpura fulminans (p. f.) developed in a three year old boy four days after an attack of diarrhea. Streptococci were found in his throat. He went into shock following massive bleeding into the skin. Haemostatic studies revealed moderate thrombocytopenia and profound clotting defects compatible with intravascular coagulation. Skin biopsies disclosed thrombosis of small blood vessels. He improved dramatically after treatment with heparin and hydrocortisone; his clotting factors quickly returned to normal. Following extensive skin grafting, he made a complete recovery.Fifty selected cases of p. f. have been reviewed. P. f. appears to occur only in children, usually 1–4 weeks after a benign infection, such as scarlatina or varicella. The clinical findings have been described in detail. All patients appear to have one or more episodes of intravascular coagulation resulting in secondary haemostatic defects.A concept of pathogenesis has been presented in terms of (1) preparation of the skin by mechanism as yet unknown, followed by (2) an episode of acute intravascular coagulation which deposits thrombi in small blood vessels of the prepared skin by mechanisms as yet unknown, followed by (2) an episode of acute intra‐been discussed. Therapy should be based upon heparin to stop intravascular clotting and adrenal steroids to modify possible antigen‐antibody reactions.
The Activity of Lactic Dehydrogenase in Megaloblastic Anaemia
Authors: Anderssen Norman 
Published: August 2010

Lactic dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was examined in patients with megaloblastic anaemia and other types of anaemia. Only in untreated megaloblastic anaemia was LDH consistently increased. The increase was not related to the concentration of vitamin B12 and bilirubin in serum. Nor was there any definite relation to the degree of anaemia, but the number of patients examined was too small to permit any final conclusion on this point. The mean LDH value in megaloblastic anaemia was 3,800 units, while the mean value among controls was 257 units. There was a rapid fall in LDH activity during treatment with vitamin B12, corresponding to the increase in reticulocyte counts. In the other types of anaemia studied – acute haemorrhage, chronic haemorrhage and iron deficiency, myelomatosis, aplastic anaemia and anaemia due to renal failure – LDH activity was usually normal or only slightly increased, except in renal failure. In the latter condition the highest LDH value was 830 units, whereas the lowest value in patients with megaloblastic anaemia was 1,510 units.It is therefore concluded that LDH determinations are of diagnostic aid in differentiating megaloblastic anaemia from other types of anaemia.
Idiopathic Haemosiderosis
Authors: Ploem J. E. , Otten K. , Huizinga J. , Verloop M. C. 
Published: August 2010

Two brothers, one with hepatic haemosiderosis and the other with hepatic haemochromatosis, died with clinical symptoms of acute abdominal pain and irreversible shock. In view of these deaths, 35 relatives were examined. The iron metabolism was studied by determination of the amount of stainable iron in the liver tissue, the fasting serum iron concentration, the iron saturation percentage of transferrin and the iron excretion in 24‐hours urine following intramuscular administration of 1000 mg desferrioxamine B.A defect in iron metabolism was found in three generations. The findings are most readily compatible with the view that a dominant autosomal gene is responsible for the occurrence of the metabolic defect.
Erythropoietin in Serum from Patients with Leucosis Assays in Starved Rats
Authors: Thorling Eivind B. 
Published: August 2010

The results are reported of a study on the E.S.F. (erythropoietic‐stimulating‐factor) in serum from 47 patients with leucosis and 11 patients with other haematological disorders, and a survey is given of previous studies of the same natureThe analyses were performed over a period of 2 yearsFe59 incorporation in the erythrocytes in starved rats was used as a criterion of the E.S.F. content in serumIn patients with chronic lymphatic leucosis and acute leucosis, a reciprocal relationship was found between the E.S.F. titre and the haemoglobin percentage, and a similar reciprocal relationship was found between the E.S.F. titre and the bone marrow erythropoiesis. This must be interpreted to mean that there are other factors which determine these patients' defective erythropoiesisIn patients with chronic myeloid leucosis, low values of E.S.F. were found in serum in spite of often reduced haemoglobin levels. Patients with high titres were observed, however, but in these cases the extramedullary erythropoiesis was inhibited, partly because of splenectomy, partly caused by roentgen treatment of the spleen. It seems reasonable to assume that the extramedullary, often ineffective splenic erythropoiesis requires E.S.F., and this might result in the low serum level and perhaps indirectly deprive the bone marrow of its natural stimulation
On the Occurrence of Methylcobalamine in Human Liver
Authors: Ståhlberg Karl‐Gustav 
Published: August 2010

In 1961 Toohey & Barker reported findings suggesting that 5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazole‐coenzyme B12 (DMB‐coenzyme B12) may represent the bulk of the B12 content of the human liver. In investigations of the forms of B12 in normal human plasma Lindstrand & Ståhlberg (1963) discovered a predominant, labile form of B12, which they provisionally called the “fourth factor”. The finding was followed up by studies on pig's liver, in which they found a form of B12 showing the same lability and chromatographic properties as the fourth factor (Lindstrand & Ståhlberg 1963). The fourth factor in pig's liver is probably identical with methylcobalamine (Lindstrand 1964), and much suggests that this also holds true for the fourth factor in human plasma (Ståhlberg 1964)The finding of the fourth factor in human plasma and pig's liver prompted investigation of the types of B12 occurring in the human liver. The chromatographic and bioautographic techniques used revealed the occurrence of B12 forms with the chromatographic properties of methylcobalamine and DMB‐coenzyme B12.
The Biphasic Appearance of Labelled Lymphocytes in the Blood after Single Injections of H3‐Thymidine
Authors: Lundmark Karl Martin , Fichtelius Karl‐Erik 
Published: August 2010

In earlier work Fichtelius (1951) demonstrated a biphasic appearance of labelled lymphocytes in the blood after a single injection of P32 as orthophosphate. The second activity increase was at that time explained in three alternative ways: re‐circulation, reutilization or delayed output.This biphasic appearance of labelled lymphocytes in the blood was confirmed in this new study in rabbits using H3‐thymidine. To‐day all three alternative explanations are still possible and more work is needed for a certain interpretation of the second activity peak observed.
Consumption of Serum Factors and Prothrombin During Intravascular Clotting in Rabbits
Authors: RAPAPORT SAMUEL I. , HJORT PETER F. , PATCH MARY JANE , JEREMIC MICHAEL 
Published: August 2010

We have studied the effect of experimental intravascular clotting upon Factors II, VII, IX, and X in rabbits. Animals were given sodium warfarin intravenously to block the synthesis of these factors and, 4 hours later, were infused with either dilute tissue thromboplastin or saline. The tissue thromboplastin induced intravascular clotting extensive enough to halve fibrinogen and platelet levels and to reduce markedly Factor V and Factor VIII levels. These changes resulted from a consumption during clotting of about 10 per cent of the available prothrombin.Each of the serum factors fell further during the infusion of tissue thromboplastin than during the infusion of saline; apparently, serum factors activated during clotting do not circulate in the rabbit. Net losses due to intravascular clotting equalled about 15 to 30 per cent of the Factors VII, IX, and X initially present. These data suggest that consumption during intravascular clotting may account for the low levels of Factors VII, IX, and X described in patients with diffuse intravascular clotting complicating septicaemia.The evidence of consumption of Factor IX raises the possibility that tissue thromboplastin may activate intrinsic clotting during hemostasis in vivo.
Liver Iron and Desferrioxamine‐Induced Urinary Iron Excretion
Authors: Hallberg Leif , Hedenberg Lars , Weinfeld Aleksander 
Published: August 2010

The desferrioxamine (DF)‐induced urinary iron excretion was measured in subjects in whom surgical biopsy specimens were used to determine liver non‐haemin iron.A very high correlation was observed between the increase of the urinary iron excretion after administration of DF on the one hand and the concentration of total non‐haemin, ferritin, and haemosiderin iron of the liver on the other.The studies were made in 10 female and 18 male subjects. Most subjects were considered normal with respect to liver function and iron state. Two male subjects with portal liver cirrhosis fell outside the normal relationship liver iron/urinary iron.The findings are discussed with special reference to the possible use of DF to quantitate iron stores.
Morphological Changes in the Hyalomere of Rat Blood Platelets in Experimental Venous Thrombi
Authors: Behnke O. 
Published: August 2010

The fine structure of rat blood platelets aggregated in experimentally produced thrombi was examined by light‐ and electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde fixation.In the ‘body’ regions of the thrombi two kinds of platelet aggregates, arranged in irregular but distinct zones, could be distinguished. In one of the zones platelets were totally degranulated and appeared as nearly empty sacs. In the other zone degranulation was less extensive, and fine, approximately 50 Å thick filaments were a prominent feature of the hyaloplasm.Microtubules were present in the hyaloplasm of platelets in both zones. The filaments and the microtubules are suggested as possible morphological substrates of the contractile proteins known to be present in platelets.
The Kinetics of Eosinophil Granulocytes in Rats
Authors: Bro‐Rasmussen Frede , Andersen Vagn , Henriksen Ole 
Published: August 2010

The kinetics of eosinophil granulocytes have been studied in rats by autoradiography of blood smears made at different times after a single injection of tritiated thymidine.The main results are 1) The average generation time of eosinophil precursors is about 40 hours – 2) The emergence time for blood eosinophils is 36 hours – 3) The Blood Transit Time of eosinophils has a maximal value of 24 hours.
The Effect of Antigens on DNA‐Synthesis in Cultured Lymphocytes
Authors: Bouveng R. , Gardell S. , Löw B. , Nordén Å. 
Published: August 2010

Lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy blood donors and stimulated in vitro to DNA‐synthesis by the addition of antigens. The addition of two or four antigens to the same culture of lymphocytic cells did not increase the synthesis of DNA above the level induced by a single antigen. Controls with phytohaemagglutinin showed that the in vitro conditions did not represent limiting factors for the synthesis of DNA.It appears that the response of isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes to one antigen is maximal and that further stimulation with more antigens can not produce the additive effect expected if there were separate clones of lymphocytes for each antigen.