bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Note on Homological Dimensions of Artinian Local Cohomology Modules
Authors: Bahmanpour Kamal 
Published: November 2011

Abstract.Let (R,m) be a non-zero commutative Noetherian local ring (with identity) and let M be a non-zero finitely generated R-module. In this paper for any p 2 Spec(R) we show thatare bounded fromabove by injdimR and respectively, for all integers i ≥ dim(R/p).
Feasibility of a Minimal Contact Intervention to Promote Walking among Insufficiently Active Women
Authors: Dinger Mary K. , Heesch Kristiann C. , McClary Kristi R. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine the impact of a 6-week minimal contact intervention on walking behavior, the 10 processes of change of the transtheoretical model (TTM), and self-efficacy among insufficiently active women. Methods. This study used a pre-experimental design. Of the 43 women who began the study, 36 (84%) completed questionnaires at baseline and postintervention. They were given brochures and pedometers and were sent e-mails that contained messages designed to positively affect TTM constructs. Changes in time spent walking, use of the 10 processes of change, and self-efficacy were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and paired t-tests. Results. Participants significantly increased their total walking minutes (p = .001) and use of counterconditioning, dramatic relief, reinforcement management, self-liberation, stimulus control, and social liberation (p < .05). Discussion. The findings of this feasibility study provide preliminary evidence that this theoretically based, minimal contact lifestyle intervention may be an effective, low-cost approach to increase walking among insufficiently active women.
The Routine Use of Health Risk Appraisals: Results from a National Study of Physician Organizations
Authors: Halpin Helen Ann , McMenamin Sara B. , Schmittdiel Julie , Gillies Robin R. , Shortell Stephen M. , Rundall Thomas , Casalino Larry 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To document use of health risk appraisals (HRAs) by U.S. physician organizations as part of their overall approach to health promotion and to identify associated organizational characteristics. Methods. Telephone survey of 1590 physician organizations in the United States; surveys were conducted in organizations comprising 20 or more physicians and were conducted between September 2000 and September 2001 (70% response rate). Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the association between organizational characteristics and routine administration of HRAs. Results. Only 22.5% of physician organizations in the United States routinely administer HRAs. External quality incentives, information technology capabilities, and status as a medical group vs. an independent practice association are associated with greater odds of the routine use of HRA. Discussion. Increased use of external quality incentives and information technology in physician organizations may be important in supporting the use of HRAs.
The Costs of Obesity among Full-Time Employees
Authors: Finkelstein Eric , Fiebelkorn Ian C. , Wang Guijing 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To quantify annual costs attributable to obesity, including both increased medical expenditures and absenteeism, separately for overweight and three categories of obesity (i.e., obesity grades I, II, and III) among men and women with full-time employment. Design. Standard econometric methods were used to separately estimate overweight and obesity-attributable medical expenditures and absenteeism. Setting. The civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Sample. Two nationally representative and publicly available datasets (with response rates of at least 60%) were restricted to participants 18 to 64 years old and employed fulltime for the entire year. The final datasets used to estimate obesity-attributable medical expenditures and absenteeism included 20,329 and 25,427 adults, respectively. Measures. Annual medical expenditures and missed work days due to illness or injury. Analysis Results. Overweight and obesity-attributable costs range from $175 per year for overweight male employees to $2485 per year for grade-II obese female employees. The costs of obesity (excluding overweight) at a firm with 1000 employees are estimated to be $285,000 per year. Conclusions. Obesity results in significant increases in medical expenditures and absenteeism among full-time employees. Approximately 30% of the total costs result from increased absenteeism, and although those with grade-III obesity represent only 3% of the employed population, they account for 21% of the costs due to obesity. These estimates do not consider other potential costs associated with obesity, including disability and presenteeism.
How Do Perceptions of Local Neighborhood Relate to Adolescents' Walking and Cycling?
Authors: Carver Alison , Salmon Jo , Campbell Karen , Baur Louise , Garnett Sarah , Crawford David 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine how perceptions of the local neighborhood relate to adolescents' walking and cycling. Design. Exploratory cross-sectional study. Setting. Birth cohort from the Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Subjects. Three hundred forty-seven adolescents (79.1% response rate; 49.6% boys; mean age = 13.0 ± 0.2 years) and their parents. Measures. Self-report and parental-report questionnaires. Results. Multiple linear regressions, adjusted for level of maternal education, revealed that boys who reported having many peers to hang out with locally, cycled for recreation (β = 0.242, p = .006) or for transport (β = 0.141, p = .046) more often, and walked for transport for longer (β = 0.129, p = .024) on weekdays. For girls this variable was related to cycling for recreation on weekends (β = 0.164, p = .006) and walking to school (β = 0.118, p = .002). Adolescents who waved/talked to neighbors walked for transport more often (boys, β = 0.149, p = .037; girls, β = 0.119, p = .012). Girls who perceived local roads to be safe spent more time walking for transport on weekdays (β = 0.183, p = .007) and for exercise on weekends (β = 0.184, p = .034). Parents' perception of heavy traffic was negatively associated with boys' walking for transport (β = −0.138, p = .037) and many aspects of girls' walking and cycling. Conclusion. Social interaction and road safety may be important predictors of adolescents' walking and cycling in their neighborhood. Limitations are the use of self-report and cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies may clarify these relations.
The Effect of Mental Distress on Women's Preventive Health Behaviors
Authors: Leiferman Jenn A. , Pheley Alfred M. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine the relationship between mental distress and preventive health behaviors (i.e., mammograms, pap tests, physical exams) among women. Methods. A cross-sectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 426 women from the Appalachian region in the United States who completed a comprehensive health survey. Mental distress was assessed by the 5-item Mental Health Index (MHI). Logistic regression was used to specify the models allowing for the control of covariates (i.e., marital status, education, recipient of Medicaid). Results. Women who reported high mental distress were more likely to not get timely pap tests [OR = 1.64; 95% CI (1.10, 2.45); p < .05] or physical exams [OR = 1.68; 95% CI (1.07, 2.65); p < .05] than women who did not report being mentally distressed. A similar but less robust relationship was found between mental distress and timely mammograms. Conclusions. These findings suggest that mental distress affects the likelihood of engagement in preventive health behaviors.
Evaluation of Social-Cognitive versus Stage-Matched, Self-Help Physical Activity Interventions at the Workplace
Authors: Griffin-Blake C. Shannon , DeJoy David M. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To compare the effectiveness of stage-matched vs. social-cognitive physical activity interventions in a work setting. Both interventions were designed as minimal-contact, self-help programs suitable for large-scale application. Design. Randomized trial. Participants were randomized into one of the two intervention groups at baseline; the follow-up assessment was conducted 1 month later. Setting. A large, public university in the southeastern region of the United States. Subjects. Employees from two academic colleges within the participating institution were eligible to participate: 366 employees completed the baseline assessment; 208 of these completed both assessments (baseline and follow-up) and met the compliance criteria. Intervention. Printed, self-help exercise booklets (12 to 16 pages in length) either (1) matched to the individual's stage of motivational readiness for exercise adoption at baseline or (2) derived from social-cognitive theory but not matched by stage. Measures. Standard questionnaires were administered to assess stage of motivational readiness for physical activity; physical activity participation; and exercise-related processes of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and goal satisfaction. Results. The two interventions were equally effective in moving participants to higher levels of motivational readiness for regular physical activity. Among participants not already in maintenance at baseline, 34.9% in the stage-matched condition progressed, while 33.9% in the social-cognitive group did so (x2 = not significant). Analyses of variance showed that the two treatment groups did not differ in terms of physical activity participation, cognitive and behavioral process use, decisional balance, or the other psychological constructs. For both treatment groups, cognitive process use remained high across all stages, while behavioral process use increased at the higher stages. The pros component of decisional balance did not vary across stage, whereas cons decreased significantly between preparation and action. Conclusions. Minimal-contact, one-shot physical activity interventions delivered at work can help people increase their participation in regular physical activity. Stage matching may not necessarily add value to interventions that otherwise make good use of behavior change theory. The findings also reinforce the importance of barrier reduction in long-term adherence. A limiting factor in this study is that employees in the earliest stage of change (precontemplation) were not well-represented in the sample.
How Important are Psychosocial Predictors of Mammography Receipt among Older Women When Immediate Access is Provided via On-Site Service?
Authors: Glenn Beth , Bastani Roshan , Reuben David 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine the relative importance of psychosocial variables (i.e., health beliefs, knowledge, barriers) in predicting mammogram receipt compared with providing access through a mobile mammography unit among older women who participated in a mobile mammography intervention. Design. The data were collected during a randomized trial involving 499 women (60 to 84 years old) recruited from 60 community sites. Setting. The study was conducted at 60 sites in Los Angeles where seniors gather, including meal sites, senior centers, and recreational clubs. Subjects. Participants were older women (60 to 84 years old) who spoke English or Spanish, had a telephone, had no significant cognitive deficits, and had not received a mammogram during the past 12 months. Measures. The baseline survey assessed demographics and psychosocial factors (i.e., health beliefs, knowledge, barriers). A follow-up telephone survey at 3 months assessed mammography receipt. Results. Results support the importance of behavioral intentions in predicting mammogram receipt, even among women able to access a mammogram through the mobile unit. However, other recognized psychosocial factors failed to predict screening receipt among women randomized to the mobile mammography intervention. Results suggest that the importance of psychosocial predictors might be diminished when a major access barrier has been removed, and they highlight the importance of convenience. Conclusion. Future interventions should focus on not only removing obvious concrete and psychosocial barriers but also on enhancing convenience.
Nutrition Labeling and Value Size Pricing at Fast-Food Restaurants: A Consumer Perspective
Authors: O'Dougherty Maureen , Harnack Lisa J. , French Simone A. , Story Mary , Oakes J. Michael , Jeffery Robert W. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This pilot study examined nutrition-related attitudes that may affect food choices at fast-food restaurants, including consumer attitudes toward nutrition labeling of fast foods and elimination of value size pricing. Methods. A convenience sample of 79 fast-food restaurant patrons aged 16 and above (78.5% white, 55% female, mean age 41.2 [17.1]) selected meals from fast-food restaurant menus that varied as to whether nutrition information was provided and value pricing included and completed a survey and interview on nutrition-related attitudes. Results. Only 57.9% of participants rated nutrition as important when buying fast food. Almost two thirds (62%) supported a law requiring nutrition labeling on restaurant menus. One third (34%) supported a law requiring restaurants to offer lower prices on smaller instead of bigger-sized portions. Conclusion. This convenience sample of fast-food patrons supported nutrition labels on menus. More research is needed with larger samples on whether point-of-purchase nutrition labeling at fast-food restaurants raises perceived importance of nutrition when eating out.
Smoking Status and Health-Related Quality of Life: Findings from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data
Authors: Mody Reema R. , Smith Michael J. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine the relationship between smoking status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Design. Our study used a cross-sectional analysis with self-reported data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Setting. United States. Subjects. Subjects were a representative sample of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years and older. After excluding respondents who reported being pregnant and for whom smoking status could not be determined, we included 209,031 respondents. Measures. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations of smoking status with the four HRQOL items, controlling for demographic and health-related characteristics. Results. Current smokers had a higher likelihood of reporting poor general health status compared with nonsmokers and ex-smokers. Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers had a higher likelihood of reporting ≥ 14 days of poor physical health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51–1.77), poor mental health (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.84–2.16), and activity limitations (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.63–2.00). Similarly, compared with ex-smokers, current smokers had a higher likelihood of reporting ≥ 14 days of poor physical health (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.19–1.42), poor mental health (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.50–1.81), and activity limitations (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.32–1.65). Age, income, and presence of comorbidities also significantly explained variation in HRQOL. Conclusions. Our study reaffirms the significant association between smoking and HRQOL in a large nationally representative sample. Poor health associated with smoking persists as a major public health problem, and effective preventive and smoking cessation efforts should be undertaken.
Motives for Smoking Cessation are Associated with Stage of Readiness to Quit Smoking and Sociodemographics among German Industrial Employees
Authors: Reime Birgit , Ratner Pamela A. , Seidenstuücker Sabine , Janssen Patricia A. , Novak Peter 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To test the relationships among particular motives for smoking cessation, stage of readiness to quit (preparation or contemplation), and sociodemographic characteristics. Design. A cross-sectional study to examine attitudes toward and use of health promotion at the worksite, using a self-administered questionnaire. Setting. Two German metal companies. Subjects. Of 1641 responding employees (response rate 65% in company A and 44% in company B), 360 smokers who intended to quit immediately (n = 105) or in the near future (n = 255) were analyzed. Measures. The questionnaire comprised of sociodemographic characteristics, smoking behavior, smoking history, readiness to quit smoking, motives to quit, such as coworkers' complaints and health-related or financial concerns. Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results. Health-related reasons (94%) predominated financial (27%) or image-related (14%) reasons for smoking cessation. Participants in the cessation preparation group were more likely to report an awareness of being addicted (79.6% vs. 58.2%; p < .001) and the negative public image (22.5% vs. 11.6%; p < .01) as reasons for quitting compared with those in the contemplation group. In multivariable regression models, the motives for smoking cessation, including reduced performance, family's and coworkers' complaints, pregnancy/children, and negative public image, but not health-related and financial concerns, differed significantly by gender, age, marital status, education, and occupational status. Conclusions. Motives for smoking cessation vary according to the individual's level of readiness to quit and sociodemographic background.
Cigarette Smoking and Smoking Cessation among Persons with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Schiller Jeannine S. , Ni Hanyu 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To identify factors predictive of smoking cessation among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Data from the 1997 to 2002 National Health Interview Surveys were analyzed for adults at least 25 years of age with COPD using logistic regression. Results. Of the adults with COPD, 36.2% were current smokers. Of the current smokers and former smokers who had quit smoking during the past year, 22.9% reported not receiving cessation advice from a health care professional during the past year. Although half of smokers with COPD had attempted to quit during the past year, only 14.6% were successful. Attempting to quit was negatively associated with heavy drinking but positively associated with being younger and having cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and activity limitation due to lung problems. Factors predictive of successful cessation included being at least 65 years old, not being poor, and activity limitation due to lung problems. Conclusion. This study underscores the importance of continuing to develop smoking cessation strategies for COPD patients and implementing clinical guidelines on smoking cessation among health care providers.
Negative Affect and Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus: One Size May Not Fit All
Authors: Walch Susan E. , Rudolph Sandra M. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Research examining the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related risk behavior and negative affective states has netted mixed findings. The present study examined the potential moderating role of gender and sexual orientation on negative affect and HIV-related risk behavior. Design. Measures of depression, anxiety, and HIV-related risk behavior were collected from participants at the time of pretest counseling. Analysis of variance was used to examine HIV-related risk behavior as a function of negative affect levels and gender and behavioral sexual orientation. Setting. The study was conducted through a community-based, anonymous HIV counseling and testing site. Subjects. Participants included 185 consecutively recruited men and women presenting for HIV testing. Measures. Participants completed a structured interview regarding HIV-related risk behavior, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depressed Mood Scale, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results. Greater HIV-related risk behavior was associated with high levels of anxiety and moderate or high levels of depression for bisexual women. Greater HIV-related risk behavior was also associated with low levels of anxiety and mild to moderate levels of depression for bisexual men. Conclusions. The relationship between negative affective states and HIV-related risk behavior may vary as a function of gender and behavioral sexual orientation. Better understanding of the relationship between negative affect and risk behavior may be achieved through consideration of these sources of variation.
Status of U.S. Military Retirees and Their Spouses toward Achieving Healthy People 2010 Objectives
Authors: Kress Amii M. , Hartzell Michael C. , Peterson Michael R. , Williams Thomas V. , Fagan Nancy K. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To assess the status of U.S. military retirees and their spouses 38 to 64 years of age relative to select Healthy People 2010 objectives and to identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with select health behaviors. Design. Cross-sectional analyses with self-reported standardized measures from the U.S. Department of Defense Population Health Survey, 2003. Setting. The continental United States. Subjects. U.S. military retirees and their spouses 38 to 64 years of age. Measures. Data for this study were self-reported responses to the Population Health Survey. Dichotomous variables were created to indicate whether each Healthy People 2010 objective had been met. Each objective was measurable with the survey by using the definitions set forth in Healthy People 2010. These objectives included healthy weight and obesity based on body mass index (height and weight); daily fruit, vegetable, and grain-product consumption; physical inactivity, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity; binge drinking; cigarette use; and smoking-cessation attempts. Results. The study population did not meet any of the Healthy People 2010 objectives included in this study. Sociodemographic characteristics that were associated with this result included being male, not having a college degree, and a less-than-excellent self-reported general health status. Conclusion. Health-promotion interventions are needed to improve the health status of this population and to achieve the goals set forth in Healthy People 2010.
Comparison of American and French College Students' Stage of Change for Muscular Fitness—Promoting Behaviors
Authors: Cardinal Bradley J. , Keis Joa S. , Ferrand Claude 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine psychosocial concomitants of stages of change for muscular fitness-promoting behavior among college students in America and France. Methods. Participants were from Lyon 1 University (Claude Bernard), France (n = 171) and Oregon State University, United States (n = 231). The main variables of interest were nationality, gender, stage of change, cons, pros, and self-efficacy. Results. The majority of Americans reported being in action or maintenance, whereas the majority of French reported being in precontemplation or contemplation (66.2% vs. 56.8%, respectively, p < .001). The only theoretical variable that Americans (adjusted mean [Madj.] = 9.2) and French (Madj. = 7.7) differed on was perceived pros (p < .001). Nationality, self-efficacy, and pros were the most important stage-of-change concomitants. Stage-of-change classification accuracy was 47.9%. Conclusion. This study questions whether the transtheoretical model is fully generalizable when applied to this specific behavioral application using a mixed-culture sample.