bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐Person Authority and Self‐Knowledge as an Achievement
Authors: Corbí Josep E. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract: There is much that I admire in Richard Moran's account of how first‐person authority may be consistent with self‐knowledge as an achievement. In this paper, I examine his attempt to characterize the goal of psychoanalytic treatment, which is surely that the patient should go beyond the mere theoretical acceptance of the analyst's interpretation, and requires instead a more intimate, first‐personal, awareness by the patient of their psychological condition.I object, however, that the way in which Moran distinguishes between the deliberative and the theoretical attitudes is ultimately inconsistent with a satisfactory account of psychoanalytic practice; mainly because, despite Moran's claims to the contrary, such a distinction is still inspired by a Cartesian picture of the self. I argue that, in the light of his distinction, Moran may emphasize that an agent's psychological dispositions should be permeable to her decisions and projects, but is forced to reject the idea that permeability could go the other way too. I explore Bernard Williams' notion of acknowledgment and Simone Weil's distinction between two notions of necessity, in order to articulate a notion of receptive passivity which may help us to characterize this second direction of permeability. I finally outline why receptive passivity (and, thereby, the double direction of permeability) is crucial in order to identify the goal of psychoanalytic treatment and, derivatively, to understand how a certain kind of awareness may have a significant therapeutic effect.
Non‐union employee representation: exploring the riddle of managerial strategy
Authors: Butler Peter 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTUtilising case‐study research in two organisations this article considers the strategy underpinning managerially imposed systems of non‐union employee representation. Drawing on Dundon and Gollan's ‘sensitising framework’, an interplay of external factors and internal dynamics is seen to prompt objectives that are both defensive (union avoidance) and proactive in nature (e.g. the legitimisation of change). The article suggests that such goals represent ‘rival logics of action’, the tensions unleashed being ultimately reflected in the ineffective functioning of the institutions under review.
Collective bargaining and new work regimes: ‘too important to be left to bosses’
Authors: Findlay Patricia , McKinlay Alan , Marks Abigail , Thompson Paul 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThe formal negotiations process remains perhaps the least‐studied moment of collective bargaining. Drawing on ideal types of ‘distributive’ and ‘integrative’ bargaining and the ‘formal/informal’ distinction, this article reports non‐participant observation and ethnographic research into the negotiations process that enabled a change agreement in a British multinational, hereafter anonymised as FMCG. Informal bargaining relations provided the backdrop to—and emerged within—the formal negotiations process. Formal bargaining established new employment contracts based on a simplified internal labour market and generated the joint governance processes to enable and regulate the change process. Neither management nor union strategy was wholly derived from rational, interest‐based positions. The negotiations process was essential to strategy formation and to the emergence of sufficient ‘integrative’ bargaining for all parties to devise and approve new processual institutions and norms to deliver a more flexible labour process and to restore the long‐run viability for ‘distributive’ bargaining.
The hair follicle melanocytes in vitiligo in relation to disease duration
Authors: Anbar T S , Abdel‐Raouf H , Awad S S , Ragaie M H , Abdel‐Rahman A T 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground and aims  Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of skin and hair. Active melanocytes in hair follicles can be detected by DOPA and immunohistochemical staining, while amelanotic melanocytes can only be detected by the latter. None of the studies on hair melanocytes in vitiligo discussed the effect of disease duration on these melanocytes.Here, we study the presence of melanotic and amelanotic melanocytes in vitiligo hair follicles and statistically correlating their presence with the disease duration.Methods  This study was conducted on 30 patients with vitiligo and 10 normal volunteers. Three biopsies were taken from each patient: two from black and white hairs from vitiliginous areas and the third from apparently normal skin of the same patients. Sections were stained by DOPA reaction and NKI/beteb then examined for the presence of melanocytes. The presence of melanocytes and the disease duration were correlated statistically using the t‐test.Results  Active melanocytes were detected in black hairs of 6.7% of vitiligo patients and in 100% of apparently normal skin of the same patients and controls. On examining black hairs of the 28 vitiligo patients with negative DOPA reaction, 19 of them (67.9%) showed positive NKI/beteb stain. Disease duration was inversely correlated with the melanocytes’ presence within hair follicles. Melanocytes were absent from 100% of white hairs.Conclusions  The melanotic melanocytes were the first target of the disease process followed by the amelanotic melanocytes. Since the disappearance of the latter was inversely correlated with the disease duration, early treatment in vitiligo is advised.Conflicts of interestNone declared.
Is there any relation between serum insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐I in non‐diabetic patients with skin tag?
Authors: Jowkar F , Fallahi A , Namazi MR 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground  Skin tags are common benign lesion occurring mainly on the neck and major flexures as a small soft pedunculated protrusion. This study evaluate insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) in non‐diabetic ones.Methods and materials  A case–control study was conducted in non‐diabetic persons. Comparing insulin and IGF‐I between matched cases (n = 40) and controls (n = 40) by radioimmunoassay test. Cases and controls were recruited from patients consecutively seen at an academic outpatient dermatology clinic.Results  The insulin level in patients with skin tags was significantly higher than controls (P = 0.00) but IGF‐I level was not significantly different (P = 0.43).Conclusion  These results show an increased insulin level in non‐diabetics ones and overall importance of insulin effect in pathogenesis of skin tags.
Tinea capitis in early infancy treated with itraconazole: a pilot study
Authors: Binder B , Richtig E , Weger W , Ginter‐Hanselmayer G 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground  Tinea capitis is the most common fungal infection of the scalp in childhood, but a very rare disorder in the first year of life.Objective  To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and safety of itraconazole in 7 children aged between 3 and 46 weeks (median: 36 weeks) suffering from tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis.Methods  Prospective case note study. In all patients KOH testing and fungal cultivation on Sabouraud dextrose agar were performed.Results  7 patients (5 girls and 2 boys) were included in the period between 2001 and 2008. The causative etiologic agent was Microsporum canis in all children. The patients received itraconazole 5mg/kg bodyweight daily for 3 to 6 weeks with no clinically side effects being noted. In all patients clinical and mycological cure could be achieved.Conclusion  Itraconazole proved to be a safe and effective treatment option for Microsporum canis induced tinea capitis in children in their first year of life.
Effects of host mineral re‐equilibration during uplift and cooling on the fidelity of primary hydrothermal fluid inclusions: a theoretical example using Mississippi Valley‐type ore fluids
Authors: McKIBBEN M. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAt the moment of its trapping as a primary fluid inclusion, a hydrothermal fluid is typically at or near equilibrium with multiple mineral species at depth and temperature. After trapping, however, the isolated inclusion fluid can re‐equilibrate only with its own host mineral species during later uplift and cooling to surface conditions. Because the solubility versus temperature behavior is unique for each host mineral species, identical inclusions trapped at the same time within different species may re‐equilibrate in a disparate manner upon cooling and become variably less representative of the original trapped fluid once they reach ambient temperature. To test the significance of this effect, a series of theoretical equilibrium reaction models was constructed in which a trapped hydrothermal fluid characteristic of Mississippi Valley‐type ore deposits is cooled in contact with silicate, sulfide and carbonate hosts, respectively, from 100 to 25°C. Dissolved base metal concentrations are predicted to decline by two to four orders of magnitude in inclusions in all hosts, due to the precipitation of optically undetectable masses of sulfide daughter minerals. Fluids in the calcite host show the greatest decline in dissolved base metals upon cooling, due to its retrograde solubility and consequent shift in the pH and aqueous C speciation of the fluid.δ13C values for CO2in all hosts become depleted by 2–7‰ relative to the original trapped fluid, with depletions again being the greatest for the calcite host due to its retrograde dissolution. Analytical techniques that extract and analyze the complete contents of fluid inclusions at room temperature can account for the predicted precipitation of microscopic daughter minerals during cooling, but may not compensate for chemical changes caused by the retrograde dissolution of calcite. Such solubility effects are another reason to be cautious in using carbonate minerals for fluid inclusion studies, in addition to their undesirable physical properties of softness, deformability and perfect cleavage.
Modeling fluid flow in a heterogeneous, fault‐controlled hydrothermal system
Authors: FAIRLEY J. P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that most hydrothermal systems discharging at the land surface are associated with faulting, and that the location, temperature and rate of discharge of these systems are controlled by the geometry and style of the controlling fault(s). Unfortunately, the transport of heat and fluid in fault‐controlled hydrothermal systems is difficult to model realistically; although heterogeneity and anisotropy are assumed to place important controls on flow in faults, few data or observations are available to constrain the distribution of hydraulic properties within active faults. Here, analytical and numerical models are combined with geostatistical models of spatially varying hydraulic properties to model the flow of heat and fluid in the Borax Lake fault of south‐east Oregon, USA. A geometric mean permeability within the fault of 7 × 10−14 m2with 2× vertical/horizontal anisotropy in correlation length scale is shown to give the closest match to field observations. Furthermore, the simulations demonstrate that continuity of flow paths is an important factor in reproducing the observed behavior. In addition to providing some insight into possible spatial distributions of hydraulic properties at the Borax Lake site, the study highlights one potential avenue for integrating field observations with simulation results in order to gain greater understanding of fluid flow in faults and fault‐controlled hydrothermal and petroleum reservoirs.
Ethanol inhibits L1 cell adhesion molecule tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and activation of pp60src
Authors: Yeaney Natalie K. , He Min , Tang Ningfeng , Malouf Alfred T. , O’Riordan Mary Ann , Lemmon Vance , Bearer Cynthia F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFetal alcohol syndrome is a leading cause of mental retardation. The neuropathology found in patients with fetal alcohol syndrome overlaps with those with mutations in the gene for cell adhesion molecule (L1). We have previously shown that L1‐mediated neurite outgrowth and L1 activation of extracellular receptor kinases 1/2 are inhibited at low concentrations of ethanol. One possible mechanism for this effect is through disruption of a tyrosine‐based sorting signal, Y(1176)RSLE, on the cytoplasmic domain of L1. Our goal was to determine if ethanol inhibited the sorting signal or its phosphorylation state. Using cerebellar granule neurons and dorsal root ganglion neurons, we found that ethanol had no effect on L1 distribution to the growth cone or its ability to be expressed on the cell surface as determined by confocal microscopy. In cerebellar granule neurons, clustering of L1 resulted in increased dephosphorylation of Y(1176), increased L1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and an increase in the activation of pp60src as measured by immunoblot. All changes were inhibited by 25 mM ethanol. Using PP2 to inhibit pp60src activation resulted in inhibition of increases in L1 tyrosine and extracellular receptor kinases 1/2 phosphorylation, and Y(1176) dephosphorylation. We conclude that ethanol disrupts L1 trafficking/signaling following its expression on the surface of the growth cone, and prior to its activation of pp60src.
EU Food Safety Standards, Pesticide Use and Farm‐level Productivity: The Case of High‐value Crops in Kenya
Authors: Asfaw Solomon , Mithöfer Dagmar , Waibel Hermann 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article provides an empirical analysis of the impact of European Union (EU) private food safety standards on pesticide use and farm‐level productivity among small‐scale vegetable producers in Kenya. We apply an extended three‐stage damage control production framework, accounting for multiple endogeneity problems, to farm‐level data collected from a random cross‐sectional sample of 539 small‐scale producers. Estimation results show that farmers producing vegetables for the domestic market use significantly lower quantities of pesticides than do export farmers. However, contrary to findings elsewhere, the econometric evidence here shows that both domestic and export‐oriented vegetable farmers in Kenya use pesticides at levels below the economic optimum. The results also show that the adoption of standards by export farmers does not have any significant impact on total pesticide use. However, adopter categories are distinguishable in terms of types of pesticide used, i.e. adopters use safer pesticides based on World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The third‐stage structural revenue model results demonstrate that adoption of standards has a positive and significant impact on revenue raised in vegetable production. Nevertheless, farmers producing for the export market are indistinguishable from those producing for the domestic farmers in terms of the total revenue earned from producing vegetables during the rainy season, on a ‘per acre’ basis. Although standards can potentially prevent resource‐poor smallholders from maintaining their position in the lucrative export markets, they can also result in positive changes in the production systems of those small‐scale farmers who adopt it, as shown by these results.
Eyelid myoclonia with absences (Jeavons syndrome): A well‐defined idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome or a spectrum of photosensitive conditions?
Authors: Striano Salvatore , Capovilla Giuseppe , Sofia Vito , Romeo Antonino , Rubboli Guido , Striano Pasquale , Trenité Dorothée Kasteleijn‐Nolst 
Published: May 2009

SummaryEyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA), or Jeavons syndrome, is a generalized epileptic condition clinically characterized by eyelid myoclonia (EM) with or without absences, eye closure‐induced electroencephalography (EEG) paroxysms, and photosensitivity; in addition, rare tonic–clonic seizures may also occur. Although first described in 1977 and widely reported by several authors within the last few years, EMA has not been yet recognized as a definite epileptic syndrome. However, when strict criteria are applied to the diagnosis, EMA appears to be a distinctive condition that could be considered a myoclonic epileptic syndrome, with myoclonia limited to the eyelids, rather than an epileptic syndrome with absences.
Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) syndromes in development: IGE with absences of early childhood, IGE with phantom absences, and perioral myoclonia with absences
Authors: Rubboli Guido , Gardella Elena , Capovilla Giuseppe 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe classification of idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) is still controversial, with special reference to absence epilepsy syndromes. Strict, well‐defined criteria for syndromic definitions are necessary to delineate homogeneous conditions; however, this approach may leave a considerable group of patients unclassified, leading to the effort to categorize them in possible distinct subsyndromes. In this report, we review some of these possible IGE subsyndromes, such as IGE with absences of early childhood, IGE with phantom absences, and perioral myoclonia with absences, briefly commenting on the issues regarding their recognition as individual entities.
The autosomal recessively inherited progressive myoclonus epilepsies and their genes
Authors: Ramachandran Nivetha , Girard Jean‐Marie , Turnbull Julie , Minassian Berge A. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryAutosomal recessively inherited progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs) include Lafora disease, Unverricht‐Lundborg disease, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, type I sialidosis (cherry‐red spot myoclonus), action myoclonus–renal failure syndrome, and type III Gaucher disease. Almost all the autosomal recessively inherited PMEs are lysosomal diseases, with the exception of Lafora disease in which neither the accumulating material nor the gene products are in lysosomes. Progress in identifying the causative defects of PME is near‐complete. Much work lies ahead to resolve the pathobiology and neurophysiology of this group of devastating disorders.
Familial benign nonprogressive myoclonic epilepsies
Authors: Striano Pasquale , De Falco Fabrizio A. , Minetti Carlo , Zara Federico 
Published: May 2009

SummaryWork on the classification of epileptic syndromes is ongoing, and many syndromes are still under discussion. In particular, special difficulty still persists in correctly classifying epilepsies with myoclonic seizures. The existence of special familial epileptic syndromes primarily showing myoclonic features has been recently suggested on the basis of a clear pattern of inheritance or on the identification of new chromosomal genetic loci linked to the disease. These forms in development include familial infantile myoclonic epilepsy (FIME), benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (BAFME), or autosomal dominant cortical myoclonus and epilepsy (ADCME), and, maybe, adult‐onset myoclonic epilepsy (AME). In the future, the identification of responsible genes and the protein products will contribute to our understanding of the molecular pathways of epileptogenesis and provide neurobiologic criteria for the classification of epilepsies, beyond the different phenotypic expression.
Myoclonic status in nonprogressive encephalopathies: An update
Authors: Elia Maurizio 
Published: May 2009

SummaryMyoclonic status in nonprogressive encephalopathies (MSNE) is an epileptic syndrome in development, characterized by the early onset of continuous diffuse epileptiform abnormalities, accompanied by positive and/or negative phenomena correlated with transient and recurring motor, cognitive, or behavioral disturbances. Outcome of MSNE is poor and may determine progressive neurologic deterioration. MSNE is not easy to recognize and should be distinguished from progressive myoclonic epilepsies and other rarely reported infantile myoclonic epilepsies. The identification of MSNE may guide the diagnostic work‐up, suggesting the presence of a genetic defect, such as Angelman syndrome, hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, or brain malformation.
Lateral temporal lobe epilepsies: Clinical and genetic features
Authors: Michelucci Roberto , Pasini Elena , Nobile Carlo 
Published: May 2009

SummaryLateral temporal epilepsies are still a poorly studied group of conditions, covering lesional and nonlesional cases. Within nonlesional cases, autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) is a well‐defined, albeit rare, condition characterized by onset in adolescence or early adulthood of lateral temporal seizures with prominent auditory auras sometimes triggered by external noises, normal conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), good response to antiepileptic treatment, and overall benign outcome. The same phenotype is shared by sporadic and familial cases with complex inheritance. Mutations in the LGI1 gene are found in about 50% of ADLTE families and 2% of sporadic cases. LGI1 shows no homology with known ion channel genes. Recent findings suggest that LGI1 may exert multiple functions, but it is not known which of them is actually related to lateral temporal epilepsy.
Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsies: Clinical and genetic features
Authors: Gambardella Antonio , Labate Angelo , Giallonardo AnnaTeresa , Aguglia Umberto 
Published: May 2009

SummaryFamilial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE) was first described as a benign syndrome with prominent psychic and autonomic seizures and no association with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or febrile seizures (FS). Better definition of the syndrome allowed identification of more heterogeneous phenotypes with mild to severe epileptic disorders, and a variable association with HS and FS. The genetics of these conditions is largely unknown and the hope for the future is that the identification of FMTLE genes will lead to more appropriate approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of TLE.
The syndrome gelastic seizures–hypothalamic hamartoma: Severe, potentially reversible encephalopathy
Authors: Striano Salvatore , Striano Pasquale , Coppola Antonietta , Romanelli Pantaleo 
Published: May 2009

SummaryHypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is the pathologic hallmark of a spectrum of epileptic conditions, ranging from a mild form of epilepsy, whose seizures are an urge to laugh without cognitive defects, to the fully developed syndrome of early onset gelastic seizures (GS) associated with precocious puberty and the evolution to a catastrophic epilepsy syndrome. However, a refractory focal or generalized epilepsy develops during the clinical course in nearly all cases. Neurophysiologic and neuroimaging studies have assessed the role of HH in the generation of the GS as well as in the process of secondary epileptogenesis. Electrophysiologic properties of small γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, spontaneously firing neurons might explain the intrinsic epileptogenicity of HH. Surgical ablation of the HH can reverse both epilepsy and encephalopathy. Gamma‐knife radiosurgery and image‐guided robotic radiosurgery can be useful and safe approaches for treatment, in particular of small HH.