bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Flexion–Extension Forces in Normal Canine Lumbosacral Cadaver Specimens Before and After Dorsal Laminectomy–Discectomy and Pedicle Screw–Rod Fixation
Authors: MEIJ BJÖRN P. , SUWANKONG NIYADA , VAN DER VEEN ALBERT J. , HAZEWINKEL HERMAN A. W. 
Published: September 2010

Objective—To determine biomechanical flexion–extension forces in cadaveric canine lumbosacral specimens, before and after dorsal laminectomy with partial discectomy, and after dorsal pedicle screw–rod fixation of L7 and S1.Study Design—Biomechanical cadaver study.Animals—Cadaveric spine specimens without lumbosacral pathology from mature, intact Labrador retrievers (n=12).Methods—Lumbosacral spine segments were subjected to a constant bending moment from L6 to S1 in a hydraulic 4‐point bending materials testing machine. Force and displacement were recorded during each loading cycle constituting 1 complete flexion–extension cycle of the spine. Each spine segment had 3 series of recordings of 5 loading cycles each: (1) intact spine, (2) after surgical destabilization by dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy, and (3) after surgical stabilization using dorsal pedicle screw–rod fixation.Results—After dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy, the neutral zone and range of motion were not different from those in the native spine specimen. After pedicle screw–rod fixation, the neutral zone and range of motion of the instrumented specimen significantly (P<.0001) decreased compared with the native specimen and the specimen after dorsal laminectomy.Conclusion—Dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy does not lead to significant spinal instability in flexion and extension whereas pedicle screw and rod fixation effectively stabilizes the lumbosacral spine.Clinical Relevance—Dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy does not lead to significant spinal instability. Pedicle screw–rod fixation of L7 and S1 may be used to stabilize an unstable L7–S1 junction in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis.
In Vitro Evaluation of a Single Injection Technique for Diagnostic Analgesia of the Proximal Suspensory Ligament of the Equine Pelvic Limb
Authors: HUGHES THOMAS K. , ELIASHAR EHUD , SMITH ROGER K. 
Published: September 2010

Objective— To examine the anatomic relationship of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve (DBLPN) with structures of the proximal metatarsal region, and to define the anatomic location of a solution injected using a single injection technique for diagnostic analgesia of the proximal suspensory ligament (PSL).Study Design— Descriptive study.Animals— Cadaveric equine pelvic limbs (n=29).Methods— The proximal metatarsal region of both pelvic limbs (n=5 horses, 10 limbs) was dissected and measurements were made of anatomic structures relative to the head of the 4th metatarsal bone (HMT4). A single injection technique was used to inject dye 15 mm distal to the HMT4, axial to the MT4 at a depth of 25 mm in each limb from 10 equine cadavers (19 limbs). Hindlimbs were dissected and the position of the dye was recorded.Results— DBLPN branched from the lateral plantar nerve (LPN) at a mean distance of 30 mm proximal to the HMT4 and entered the PSL at a mean distance of 17 mm distal to the HMT4. A 2nd DBLPN was observed in 1 of 10 dissected limbs. Blue dye surrounded the DBLPN in 18 limbs (95%).Conclusions— A single injection technique was likely to have resulted in desensitization of the DBLPN in 18 of 19 limbs (95%).Clinical Relevance— This technique provides a reliable method using a single needle puncture for perineural analgesia of the DBLPN for diagnosis of proximal suspensory desmitis of the pelvic limb with a minimal risk of inadvertently desensitizing structures within the tarsal sheath and the tarsometatarsal joint.
Estimated Plasma Bupivacaine Concentration After Single Dose and Eight‐Hour Continuous Intra‐Articular Infusion of Bupivacaine in Normal Dogs
Authors: BUBENIK LORETTA , HOSGOOD GISELLE , BARKER STEVEN , HICKS MERRIN , SERRA VERNA , STOUT RHETT 
Published: September 2010

Objective—To estimate maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum plasma (tmax) bupivacaine concentration after intra‐articular administration of bupivacaine for single injection (SI) and injection followed by continuous infusion (CI) in normal dogs.Study Design—Cross‐over design with a 2‐week washout period.Animals—Healthy Coon Hound dogs (n=8).Methods—Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, canine plasma bupivacaine concentration was measured before and after SI (1.5 mg/kg) and CI (1.5 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg/h). Software was used to establish plasma concentration–time curves and estimate Cmax, Tmaxand other pharmacokinetic variables for comparison of SI and CI.Results—Bupivacaine plasma concentration after SI and CI best fit a 3 exponential model. For SI, mean maximum concentration (Cmax, 1.33±0.954 μg/mL) occurred at 11.37±4.546 minutes. For CI, mean Cmax(1.13±0.509 μg/mL) occurred at 10.37±4.109 minutes. The area under the concentration–time curve was smaller for SI (143.59±118.390 μg/mL × min) than for CI (626.502±423.653 μg/mL × min,P=.02) and half‐life was shorter for SI (61.33±77.706 minutes) than for CI (245.363±104.415 minutes,P=.01). The highest plasma bupivacaine concentration for any dog was 3.2 μg/mL for SI and 2.3 μg/mL for CI.Conclusion—Intra‐articular bupivacaine administration results in delayed absorption from the stifle into the systemic circulation with mean Cmaxbelow that considered toxic and no systemic drug accumulation.Clinical Relevance—Intra‐articular bupivacaine can be administered with small risk of reaching toxic plasma concentrations in dogs, though toxic concentrations may be approached. Caution should be exercised with multimodal bupivacaine administration because plasma drug concentration may rise higher than with single intra‐articular injection.
Biomechanical Analysis of Suture Anchors and Suture Materials in the Canine Femur
Authors: GILES JAMES T. , COKER DEMIR , ROCHAT MARK C. , PAYTON MARK E. , SUBRAMARIAN VIJAY , BARTELS KENNETH E. 
Published: September 2010

Objective— Biomechanical analysis of acute load to failure (ALF) of 3 veterinary and 1 human suture anchor and cyclic load to failure with two suture material/suture anchor constructs in canine femoral condyles.Study Design— Biomechanical in vitro study.Sample Population— Cadaveric femora from 20–30 kg dogs.Methods— Three veterinary and 1 human suture anchor were placed in the cranial and caudal aspects of the femoral condyle and subjected to 0° ALF. Anchors were loaded with 5 USP Fiberwire or 27 kg test nylon leader line (NLL) and subjected to 90° cyclic testing for 10,000 cycles followed by ALF at 90°.Results— No significant difference in ALF for any anchor type was detected in the cranial aspect of the femoral condyle; however all veterinary anchors had higher ALF in the caudal aspect of the femoral condyle. In cyclic testing, the constructs in descending order (most cycles to least) were: (1) FlexiTwist/NLL, (2) Securos/Fiberwire, Securos/NLL, (3) IMEX/Fiberwire, IMEX/NLL, and (4) FlexiTwist/Fiberwire, Fastin/Fiberwire. Fiberwire was significantly stronger than NLL in post‐cycling ALF testing.Conclusions— Veterinary anchors had higher ALF in the caudal versus cranial aspect of the femoral condyle. Except for the FlexiTwist in which NLL performed better, Fiberwire and NLL both had similar cyclic performance with each veterinary anchor type. The veterinary anchors exceeded the human anchor in ALF and cycles to failure.Clinical Relevance— The tested veterinary suture anchors with Fiberwire or NLL may be used in the femoral condyle, preferably in the caudal aspect, and should withstand estimated loading conditions in appropriately confined postoperative canine patients.
Transiliac Approach for Exposure of Lumbosacral Intervertebral Disk and Foramen: Technique Description
Authors: CAROZZO CLAUDE , CACHON THIBAUT , GENEVOIS JEAN‐PIERRE , FAU DIDIER , REMY DENISE , DANIAUX LISE , COLLARD FABIEN , VIGUIER ERIC 
Published: September 2010

Objective— To describe and evaluate a transiliac approach to the L7–S1 disk and intervertebral foramen in dogs.Study Design— Cadaver study.Animals— Fresh canine cadavers (n=10).Methods— A craniolateral approach was made to each iliac wing of 10 fresh canine mixed breed cadavers. An 18 mm hole was drilled in a standardized position through the iliac wing. The musculature connected to the cranial aspects of the sacral wing was dissected and retracted cranially through this iliac window. Endoscopic exploration of the area was performed.Results— The foramen and intervertebral disk were clearly observed in all specimens without iatrogenic injury of the L7 nerve branch. Access to the foramen was possible in 16 of 20 specimens without excision of the sacral wing; however, it was always partially excised to observe the intervertebral disk which lies more caudally and ventrally.Conclusion— Transiliac approach to the lumbosacral joint allows direct exposure of the intervertebral disk and foramen through an iliac window. Endoscopic exploration provided good observation of the intervertebral disk and/or foramen.Clinical Relevance— Transiliac approach could be used for lateral corpectomy and foraminotomy in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis caused by ventral or ventrolateral disk protrusion, foramen stenosis, or OCD of the L7–S1 joint. Clinical study will be necessary to evaluate the efficacy of this approach.
Comparison of Surgical Treatment Options for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Large‐Breed Dogs with Excessive Tibial Plateau Angle
Authors: DUERR FELIX M. , DUNCAN COLLEEN G. , SAVICKY ROMAN S. , PARK RICHARD D. , EGGER ERICK L. , PALMER ROSS H. 
Published: September 2010

Objective—To identify surgical techniques performed by veterinary surgeons for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in large‐breed dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle (eTPA), compare their outcomes, identify risk factors for postoperative complications, and compare outcome and complication rate with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs without eTPA.Study Design—Multicenter, case–control study.Animals—eTPA group (TPA≥35°)=58 dogs (78 stifles); control group (TPA≤30°)=58 dogs (72 stifles).Methods—Control and eTPA group dogs were identified. Medical records, radiographic reviews, and pet‐owner interviews were used to identify surgical treatments performed, their complications, and outcome. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, χ2tests, and t‐tests were calculated to discern differences between eTPA and control‐group dogs.Results—TPLO was the most common treatment for eTPA. Owner‐perceived outcome was superior for eTPA group dogs when TPLO resulted in TPA≤14° compared with those with postoperative TPA>14°. Loss of tibial plateau leveling during convalescence was the most commonly observed major complication; addition of ancillary implants to TPLO significantly reduced its incidence. Postoperative complications were more common in dogs with eTPA than in dogs without eTPA; however, no difference in owner‐perceived outcome was identified.Conclusions—Surgical treatment of dogs with eTPA has a higher complication rate, but comparable outcome to that of dogs without eTPA.Clinical Relevance—Postoperative TPA≤14° and addition of ancillary implants are recommended when using TPLO to treat dogs with eTPA.
Measurement of Humeroradial and Humeroulnar Transarticular Joint Forces in the Canine Elbow Joint After Humeral Wedge and Humeral Slide Osteotomies
Authors: MASON DAVID R. , SCHULZ KURT S. , FUJITA YUKIHIRO , KASS PHILIP H. , STOVER SUSAN M. 
Published: September 2010

Objective—To determine the effect of humeral wedge and humeral slide osteotomies on force distribution between the articular surfaces of the humerus and the radius and ulna in normal canine thoracic limbs.Study Design—In vitro mechanical testing.Sample population—Cadaveric canine right thoracic limbs (n=12).Methods—Transarticular elbow force maps were measured using a tactile array pressure sensor in elbow joints of axially aligned limbs under 200 N axial load before and after humeral wedge and humeral slide osteotomies.Results—Loading induced 2 distinct areas of high forces that corresponded with the proximal articular surfaces of the radius and ulna. Mean force on the proximal articular surface of the ulna was reduced by 25% and 28% after 4 and 8 mm sliding osteotomies, respectively. Statistically significant differences were not observed for the wedge osteotomies.Conclusion—Humeral slide osteotomy significantly decreases force on the proximal articular surface of the ulna.Clinical Relevance—The proximal articular surface of the ulna contributes significantly to load transfer through the canine elbow joint. Abnormalities that significantly increase this force might contribute to canine elbow dysplasia, specifically fragmentation of the medial coronoid process and osteochondritis dissecans of the medial aspect of the humeral condyle. Under the conditions studied, the overall reduction in mean joint surface force across the proximal articular surface of the ulna after humeral slide osteotomy indicates that this technique merits further investigation for potential use in medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the canine elbow joint.
Pes Varus Correction in Dachshunds Using a Hybrid External Fixator
Authors: RADASCH ROBERT M. , LEWIS DANIEL F. , MCDONALD DARRYL E. , CALFEE EARL F. , BARSTAD ROBERT D. 
Published: September 2010

Objective— To describe surgical correction of pes varus deformity in Dachshunds by acute medial opening wedge osteotomy of the distal aspect of the tibia stabilized with a hybrid external skeletal fixator (HESF), and report clinical and radiographic outcomes.Study Design— Multicenter, retrospective clinical study.Animals— Immature Dachshunds (n=13) with pes varus deformity.Methods— Limb function and lameness scores were assigned before and after surgery, and correction was determined visually at surgery. Tibiotarsal joint orientation (TTJO) and medial and lateral tibial cortex lengths, measured on radiographs of deformed and normal (when available) limbs, were compared before correction and after fixator removal.Results— Pes varus deformities (n=14) were corrected; 93% had good to excellent clinical outcome. None of the dogs had a normal preoperative gait. Mean TTJO of abnormal and normal tibiae before surgery were 29° varus (median, 28°), and 12° valgus (median, 12°). Angular correction ranged from 20° to 51° (mean, 36±8°; median, 36°). Mean TTJO after fixator removal was 7° valgus (median, 7°). Two dogs had minor transient postoperative complications whereas 3 had major complications; only 1 of which was resolved.Conclusions— Pes varus deformity in Dachshunds can be corrected by acute medial opening wedge osteotomy of the distal aspect of the tibia stabilized by HESF. Technique modifications are needed to improve correction precision.Clinical Relevance— Visual inspection of limb alignment during surgery resulted in good to excellent clinical outcomes; however, 91% of tibiae were under‐ or overcorrected (mean, 6°; median, 5°). Limb alignment should be based on evaluation of immediate postoperative TTJO measurements, not solely on intraoperative visual assessment.
Ventral Intraspinal Cysts Associated with the Intervertebral Disc: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Observations in Seven Dogs
Authors: KONAR MARTIN , LANG JOHANN , FLÜHMANN GABY , FORTERRE FRANCK 
Published: September 2010

Objective—To report clinical and diagnostic imaging features, and outcome after surgical treatment of ventral intraspinal cysts in dogs.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Dogs (n=7) with ventral intraspinal cysts.Methods—Clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and surgical findings of 7 dogs and histologic findings (1 dog) with intraspinal cysts associated with the intervertebral disc were reviewed.Results—Ventral intraspinal cyst is characterized by: (1) clinical signs indistinguishable from those of typical disc herniation; (2) an extradural, round to oval, mass lesion with low T1 and high T2 signal intensity on MRI, compatible with a liquid‐containing cyst; (3) cyst is in close proximity to the intervertebral disc; and (4) MRI signs of disc degeneration. Although the exact cause is unknown, underlying minor disc injury may predispose to cyst formation.Conclusion—Intraspinal cysts have clinical signs identical to those of disc herniation. Given the close proximity of the cyst to the corresponding disc and the similarity of MRI findings to discal cysts in humans, we propose the term “canine discal cyst” to describe this observation.Clinical Relevance—Discal cysts should be considered in the differential choices for cystic extradural compressing lesions.
The Effects of Lifetime Food Restriction on the Development of Osteoarthritis in the Canine Shoulder
Authors: RUNGE JEFFREY J. , BIERY DARRYL N. , LAWLER DENNIS F. , GREGOR THOMAS P. , EVANS RICHARD H. , KEALY RICHARD D. , SZABO STEPHANIE D. , SMITH GAIL K. 
Published: September 2010

Objective—To report effects of age and lifetime food restriction on development and progression of shoulder joint osteoarthritis (OA) in Labrador retriever dogs.Study Design—Longitudinal life‐span, cohort study.Animals—Labrador retriever dogs (n=48).Methods—Littermates were paired (gender, weight) to make 24 pairs of genetically similar dogs. Each diet‐restricted (DR) pair‐mate was fed daily 75% of the same diet consumed by its control‐fed (CF) pair‐mate for life. Shoulders were evaluated radiographically at years 6, 8, and end of life (EOL). At EOL shoulders were evaluated grossly and by histopathology for OA.Results—Radiographic evidence of shoulder OA was identified in 78% of dogs. Severity of radiographic shoulder OA at 6 (P<.03) and 8 years (P<.02) was significantly lower among DR dogs compared with CF dogs. Pooled gross evaluation results revealed 40 of 46 dogs had cartilage erosion on the caudal aspect of the humeral head. By EOL, 91% of dogs had histopathologic changes consistent with OA.Conclusion—There was a high overall prevalence of radiographic, gross, and histologic OA among dogs. Substantial disparity was found between radiographic evidence of OA (at EOL) and characteristic changes visible by gross and histologic examination.Clinical Relevance—Radiographic evaluation correlates poorly with severity of shoulder joint pathology. The benefits of DR on shoulder OA are consistent with the demonstrated effect of DR in delaying species‐ and strain‐specific diseases of aging.
Influence of repeated painful procedures on prefrontal cortical pain responses in newborns
Authors: Ozawa Mio , Kanda Katsuya , Hirata Michio , Kusakawa Isao , Suzuki Chieko 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  We examined whether previous experience of repeated skin punctures altered the correlation between prefrontal cortical pain responses and Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scores, compared with infants who had no experience of skin puncture.Methods:  Eighty infants at 37–42 weeks of gestational age were observed during clinically required blood sampling: full‐term infants with no experience of painful skin‐breaking procedures before data collection (controls; n = 30), full‐term infants with the experience of painful skin‐breaking procedures (n = 20) and preterm infants with the experience of painful skin‐breaking procedures (n = 30).Results:  We found no significant differences in PIPP scores among groups. In controls, prefrontal activation in both hemispheres correlated with facial expression score of the PIPP (r = 0.53 for right prefrontal area; r = 0.37 for left prefrontal area) and the total score. In full‐term infants with the experience of pain, there was no correlation between cortical activation and clinical pain scores. In preterm infants, prefrontal activation in both hemispheres correlated with the physiological component of the PIPP score (r = 0.36 for right prefrontal area; r = 0.41 for left prefrontal area).Conclusion:  Our findings may be useful in considering the effects of cumulative painfulexperience on emotion and stress in neonates.
Parental illness perceptions and medication perceptions in childhood asthma, a focus group study
Authors: Klok Ted , Brand Paul L , Bomhof‐Roordink Hanna , Duiverman Eric J , Kaptein Adrian A 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  Asthma treatment according to guidelines fails frequently, through patients’ nonadherence to doctors’ advice. This study aimed to explore how differences in asthma care influence parents’ perceptions to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).Methods:  We conducted six semistructured focus groups, including 44 parents of asthmatic children (2–12 years of age, treated in primary or specialist care). Verbatim transcripts were analysed with standard qualitative research methods.Results:  Parents decided deliberately whether ongoing ICS use was useful for their child. This decision was based on their perceptions about illness and medication. In primary care, this issue was hardly ever discussed with the health care provider because regular scheduled follow‐up was unusual. In specialist care, regular scheduled follow‐up was usual, and parental perceptions about illness and medication were discussed and modified when needed. Parent‐reported adherence was lower in primary care than in specialist care.Conclusion:  This focus group study illustrates how strongly parental perceptions of illness and medication influence adherence to health care providers’ advice and that such perceptions can be modified within a strong doctor–patient partnership, improving adherence.
AN AMINO ACID DELETION ASSOCIATED WITH THE IgG4b ALLOTYPE OF HUMAN IgG4 MYELOMA PROTEINS
Authors: Abel C. A. , Despont J. ‐P. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYComparative aminoacid sequence studies were done on chymotryptic peptides from the Fc fragments of IgG1, IgG2, IgG4a and IgG4b human myeloma proteins. Eleven peptides were positioned within the Fc fragments of IgG4 proteins. While leucine was present at position 309 of the Fc fragment of the IgG4a protein, it was absent from the Fc fragment of the IgG4b protein.
PRECIPITATING ANTIBODIES IN THE SERA OF TRANSFUSED PATIENTS: POSSIBLE CONFUSION WITH ANTI‐AU
Authors: Blumberg Baruch S. , Hann Hie‐Won L. , Thomas London W. , Yin Lok‐Kee 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe Ag system, inherited antigenic determinants on serum low density lipoprotein and Australia antigen (Au), an antigen associated with an infectious agent which can cause hepatitis in man were discovered by reacting in immunodiffusion tests sera from multiply transfused patients and sera from geographically human populations. The approach has been pursued in the experiments described herein and has resulted in the identification of seventeen precipitating systems. They are different from the previously described anti‐Au and anti‐Ag precipitins. In some cases they may be confused with Australia antigen precipitins, and care should be taken in the evaluation of Au test systems where comparisons with antigen controls are not routinely performed.
HL‐A TYPING IN DRIED BLOOD STAINS 1. SPECIFICITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INHIBITION TEST
Authors: Rittner Ch. , Waiyawuth V. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYIt is described that HL‐A inhibiting substances can be detected in dried human blood stains. An inhibition test is used to evaluate stability and specificity of soluble HL‐A antigens in one‐ and two‐stage methods. With few exceptions, the occurrence of inhibition and non‐inhibition of stains from different subjects in respect to given HL‐A antisera is in agreement with specificities present on the donor's cells. Some‘weak inhibitors’were observed. Extra‐reactions with given antisera can be explained by cross‐inhibition. One‐ and two‐stage methods are evaluated with regard to the inhibition test for human blood stain HL‐A typing.