bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Desktop to Dive: Assessing the Pollution Potential of SS Fernstream, USNS Mission San Miguel and SS Coast Trader
Authors: Delgado James P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn 2010, the United States Congress appropriated one million dollars to identify the most ecologically and economically significant potentially polluting wrecks in US waters, a joint initiative between the U.S. Coast Guard and its Regional Response Teams, along with NOAA, through its Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Office of Response and Restoration, and Maritime Heritage Program. Of some 20,000 US wrecks that postdated 1891, when most steam and motor vessels converted from coal to oil, the study focused on: vessels built of iron or steel (wooden wrecks would have deteriorated and already released their oil), cargo vessels over 1000 tons (smaller vessels would have small amounts of fuel), and any tank vessel. This resulted in a group of 600–1000 vessels. Ultimately 87 wrecks were identified as those that were the most likely potentially polluting threats in the U.S. This chapter focuses on three of those wrecks which were initially studied as part of that desktop exercise and subsequently evaluated through field study and assessment.
Universitäten brauchen Basisfinanzierung
Authors: Ramming Fortunat 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungUniversitäten schaffen neues Wissen und bilden die grössten Talente aus. Die Grundlagenforschung soll allen nutzen, frei zugänglich sein, und braucht daher eine nachhaltige Basisfinanzierung. Die angewandte Forschung stiftet konkreten Nutzen für die Wirtschaft und trägt zur Drittmittelfinanzierung der Universitäten bei. Die Unternehmen müssen jedoch die Erträge schützen, damit ihre Investitionen in die Forschung rentieren.
Privatsphäre im Internet: Gewinner und Verlierer
Authors: Greber Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit 2018 gilt in der Europäischen Union die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung. Dadurch sollen persönliche Daten im Internet besser geschützt werden. Unternehmen müssen die Besucher ihrer Internetseite explizit fragen, welche Daten sie sammeln dürfen und müssen eine «Verzichtsoption» anbieten. Wie stark wird die neue Verzichtsoption genutzt? Und welchen Einfluss hat diese Verordnung auf datenbasierte Unternehmen? Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass viele Internetnutzer von der neuen Verzichtsoption Gebrauch machen und ihre persönlichen Daten besser schützen. Trotzdem können datenbasierte Unternehmen das Kaufverhalten der Nutzer nicht schlechter abschätzen als zuvor. Denn jene Nutzer, welche der Datensammlung zustimmen, sind mit der neuen Regelung meist einfacher nachzuverfolgen.
HMGA1 regulates trabectedin sensitivity in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS): A Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas (GEIS) study
Authors: Moura David S. , Mondaza-Hernandez Jose L. , Sanchez-Bustos Paloma , Peña-Chilet Maria , Cordero-Varela Juan A. , Lopez-Alvarez Maria , Carrillo-Garcia Jaime , Martin-Ruiz Marta , Romero-Gonzalez Pablo , Renshaw-Calderon Marta , Ramos Rafael , Marcilla David , Alvarez-Alegret Ramiro , Agra-Pujol Carolina , Izquierdo Francisco , Ortega-Medina Luis , Martin-Davila Francisco , Hernandez-Leon Carmen Nieves , Romagosa Cleofe , Salgado Maria Angeles Vaz , Lavernia Javier , Bagué Silvia , Mayodormo-Aranda Empar , Alvarez Rosa , Valverde Claudia , Martinez-Trufero Javier , Castilla-Ramirez Carolina , Gutierrez Antonio , Dopazo Joaquin , Hindi Nadia , Garcia-Foncillas Jesus , Martin-Broto Javier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHMGA1 is a structural epigenetic chromatin factor that has been associated with tumor progression and drug resistance. Here, we reported the prognostic/predictive value of HMGA1 for trabectedin in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) and the effect of inhibiting HMGA1 or the mTOR downstream pathway in trabectedin activity. The prognostic/predictive value of HMGA1 expression was assessed in a cohort of 301 STS patients at mRNA (n = 133) and protein level (n = 272), by HTG EdgeSeq transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The effect of HMGA1 silencing on trabectedin activity and gene expression profiling was measured in leiomyosarcoma cells. The effect of combining mTOR inhibitors with trabectedin was assessed on cell viability in vitro studies, whereas in vivo studies tested the activity of this combination. HMGA1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly associated with worse progression-free survival of trabectedin and worse overall survival in STS. HMGA1 silencing sensitized leiomyosarcoma cells for trabectedin treatment, reducing the spheroid area and increasing cell death. The downregulation of HGMA1 significantly decreased the enrichment of some specific gene sets, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The inhibition of mTOR, sensitized leiomyosarcoma cultures for trabectedin treatment, increasing cell death. In in vivo studies, the combination of rapamycin with trabectedin downregulated HMGA1 expression and stabilized tumor growth of 3-methylcholantrene-induced sarcoma-like models. HMGA1 is an adverse prognostic factor for trabectedin treatment in advanced STS. HMGA1 silencing increases trabectedin efficacy, in part by modulating the mTOR signaling pathway. Trabectedin plus mTOR inhibitors are active in preclinical models of sarcoma, downregulating HMGA1 expression levels and stabilizing tumor growth.
Does gender of firm ownership matter? Female entrepreneurs and the gender pay gap
Authors: Kritikos Alexander S. , Maliranta Mika , Nippala Veera , Nurmi Satu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine how the gender of business owners is related to the wages paid to female relative to male employees working in their firms. Using Finnish register data and employing firm fixed effects, we find that the gender pay gap is—starting from a gender pay gap of 11 to 12%—two to three percentage points lower for hourly wages in female-owned firms than in male-owned firms. Results are robust to how the wage is measured, as well as to various further robustness checks. More importantly, we find substantial differences between industries. While, for instance, in the manufacturing sector, the gender of the owner plays no role in the gender pay gap, in several service sector industries, like ICT or business services, no or a negligible gender pay gap can be found, but only when firms are led by female business owners. Businesses with male ownership maintain a gender pay gap of around 10% also in the latter industries. With increasing firm size, the influence of the gender of the owner, however, fades. In large firms, it seems that others—firm managers—determine wages and no differences in the pay gap are observed between male- and female-owned firms.
Association Between Changes in Sleep, Nap Duration and Bone Mineral Density in Mexican Adults
Authors: Meneses-León Joacim , Hernández-Salazar Sonia , Robles-Rivera Karina , Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela , Muciño-Sandoval Karla , Rivas-Ruiz Rodolfo , Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar , Tamayo-Orozco Juan A. , Velázquez-Cruz Rafael , Salmerón Jorge , Rivera-Paredez Berenice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudies have found associations between sleep, nap duration, and bone mineral density (BMD). However, the longitudinal relationship between sleep, nap duration, and BMD has not been explored. We evaluated the association between the change in sleep and nap duration and BMD in Mexican adults. Data come from 1,337 adult participants of the Health Workers Cohort Study (341 were men and 996 were women, including 450 women < 45 years old and 546 ≥ 45 years old), with two study waves. At each wave, sleep and nap duration was assessed using self-administered questionnaires and BMD in g/cm2 was determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry. We used fixed-effect regression models stratified by sex and adjusted for BMI, diet, physical activity, vitamin supplements, and hormone replacement therapy. Women who changed from < 7 to ≥ 7 h/day of sleep from baseline to follow-up were associated with increases in the total hip (β = 0.012 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.022) and lumbar spine BMD (β = 0.024 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.009, 0.039). Furthermore, most of these associations were observed in women ≥ 45 years. For women, a changing from 0 to > 60 min/day of napping was associated with a significant increase in total hip BMD of 0.012 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.004, 0.024) and lumbar spine BMD of 0.027 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.009, 0.045). No significant associations were observed for men. Our results suggest that increased sleep and nap duration are associated with gains in BMD in Mexican women, emphasizing sleep’s role in promoting bone health and supporting established recommendations.
Performance of AI to exclude normal chest radiographs to reduce radiologists’ workload
Authors: Schalekamp Steven , van Leeuwen Kicky , Calli Erdi , Murphy Keelin , Rutten Matthieu , Geurts Bram , Peters-Bax Liesbeth , van Ginneken Bram , Prokop Mathias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigates the performance of a commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) system to identify normal chest radiographs and its potential to reduce radiologist workload.

Methods
Retrospective analysis included consecutive chest radiographs from two medical centers between Oct 1, 2016 and Oct 14, 2016. Exclusions comprised follow-up exams within the inclusion period, bedside radiographs, incomplete images, imported radiographs, and pediatric radiographs. Three chest radiologists categorized findings into normal, clinically irrelevant, clinically relevant, urgent, and critical. A commercial AI system processed all radiographs, scoring 10 chest abnormalities on a 0–100 confidence scale. AI system performance was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC), assessing the detection of normal radiographs. Sensitivity was calculated for the default and a conservative operating point. the detection of negative predictive value (NPV) for urgent and critical findings, as well as the potential workload reduction, was calculated.

Results
A total of 2603 radiographs were acquired in 2141 unique patients. Post-exclusion, 1670 radiographs were analyzed. Categories included 479 normal, 332 clinically irrelevant, 339 clinically relevant, 501 urgent, and 19 critical findings. The AI system achieved an AUC of 0.92. Sensitivity for normal radiographs was 92% at default and 53% at the conservative operating point. At the conservative operating point, NPV was 98% for urgent and critical findings, and could result in a 15% workload reduction.

Conclusion
A commercially available AI system effectively identifies normal chest radiographs and holds the potential to lessen radiologists’ workload by omitting half of the normal exams from reporting.

Clinical relevance statement
The AI system is able to detect half of all normal chest radiographs at a clinically acceptable operating point, thereby potentially reducing the workload for the radiologists by 15%.

Key Points

The AI system reached an AUC of 0.92 for the detection of normal chest radiographs.

Fifty-three percent of normal chest radiographs were identified with a NPV of 98% for urgent findings. AI can reduce the workload of chest radiography reporting by 15%.
Moderne Strategien zur Lipidsenkung – die frühe Kombinationstherapie
Authors: Geiling Jens Arndt , Schulze P. Christian , Weingärtner Oliver 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungHerz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen sind weltweit die häufigste Todesursache. Fettstoffwechselstörungen sind neben arterieller Hypertonie und Diabetes mellitus der wichtigste und am besten modifizierbare kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktor. Durch Lebensstilmodifikation und eine am individuellen Zielwert orientierte medikamentöse Stufentherapie auf Basis von Statinen kann eine adäquate Senkung des LDL-Cholesterins erreicht werden. Die Therapie wird am effektivsten mit Atorvastatin oder Rosuvastatin in primärer Kombination mit Ezetimib begonnen. Wird der Zielwert nicht erreicht, erfolgt eine schrittweise Eskalation mit Bempedoinsäure und anschließend mit einem PCSK-9-Inhibitor (Evolocumab, Alirocumab, Inclisiran). Patienten nach aortokoronarer Bypass-Operation haben ein sehr hohes kardiovaskuläres Risiko. Für diese Patientenpopulation gilt ein Ziel-LDL-C < 1,4 mmol/l, vergleichbar mit Patienten nach akutem Myokardinfarkt.
An AI pipeline for garment price projection using computer vision
Authors: Rico Gómez Rodrigo , Lorentz Joe , Hartmann Thomas , Goknil Arda , Pal Singh Inder , Halaç Tayfun Gökmen , Boruzanlı Ekinci Gülnaz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe fashion industry’s traditional price-setting methods, based on historical sales and Fashion Week trends, are inadequate in the digital era. Rapid changes in collections and consumer preferences necessitate advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. These AI methods should analyze data from various sources, including social media and e-commerce, to predict future fashion trends and prices. In this paper, we propose, apply, and assess a data analytics approach, i.e., FashionXpert, employing several image processing and machine learning techniques in an AI pipeline for garment price prediction. It integrates various heterogeneous data sources (e.g., textual and image data from e-stores, brand websites, and social media) to obtain more consistent, accurate, and beneficial information. We evaluated its effectiveness with an industrial data set obtained by a fashion search tool from the electronic commerce sites of clothing brands. FashionXpert predicted garment prices with an average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 15.31 EUR on a data set that has a standard deviation of 72.99 EUR.
Towards retrospective motion correction and reconstruction for clinical 3D brain MRI protocols with a reference contrast
Authors: Rizzuti Gabrio , Schakel Tim , Huttinga Niek R. F. , Dankbaar Jan Willem , van Leeuwen Tristan , Sbrizzi Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Object
In a typical MR session, several contrasts are acquired. Due to the sequential nature of the data acquisition process, the patient may experience some discomfort at some point during the session, and start moving. Hence, it is quite common to have MR sessions where some contrasts are well-resolved, while other contrasts exhibit motion artifacts. Instead of repeating the scans that are corrupted by motion, we introduce a reference-guided retrospective motion correction scheme that takes advantage of the motion-free scans, based on a generalized rigid registration routine.

Materials and methods
We focus on various existing clinical 3D brain protocols at 1.5 Tesla MRI based on Cartesian sampling. Controlled experiments with three healthy volunteers and three levels of motion are performed.

Results
Radiological inspection confirms that the proposed method consistently ameliorates the corrupted scans. Furthermore, for the set of specific motion tests performed in this study, the quality indexes based on PSNR and SSIM shows only a modest decrease in correction quality as a function of motion complexity.

Discussion
While the results on controlled experiments are positive, future applications to patient data will ultimately clarify whether the proposed correction scheme satisfies the radiological requirements.
Selecting Feasible Trajectories for Robot-Based X-ray Tomography by Varying Focus-Detector-Distance in Space Restricted Environments
Authors: Linde Maximilian , Wiest Wolfram , Trauth Anna , Sause Markus G. R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComputed tomography has evolved as an essential tool for non-destructive testing within the automotive industry. The application of robot-based computed tomography enables high-resolution CT inspections of components exceeding the dimensions accommodated by conventional systems. However, large-scale components, e.g. vehicle bodies, often exhibit trajectory-limiting elements. The utilization of conventional trajectories with constant Focus-Detector-Distances can lead to anisotropy in image data due to the inaccessibility of some angular directions. In this work, we introduce two approaches that are able to select suitable acquisitions point sets in scans of challenging to access regions through the integration of projections with varying Focus-Detector-Distances. The variable distances of the X-ray hardware enable the capability to navigate around collision structures, thus facilitating the scanning of absent angular directions. The initial approach incorporates collision-free viewpoints along a spherical trajectory, preserving the field of view by maintaining a constant ratio between the Focus-Object-Distance and the Object-Detector-Distance, while discreetly extending the Focus-Detector-Distance. The second methodology represents a more straightforward approach, enabling the scanning of angular sectors that were previously inaccessible on the conventional circular trajectory by circumventing the X-ray source around these collision elements. Both the qualitative and quantitative evaluations, contrasting classical trajectories characterized by constant Focus-Detector-Distances with the proposed techniques employing variable Focus-Detector-Distances, indicate that the developed methods improve the object structure interpretability for scans of limited accessibility.
Trajectory optimization of unmanned aerial vehicles in the electromagnetic environment
Authors: Atayev Anvarbek , Fliege Jörg , Zemkoho Alain 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider a type of routing problems common in defence and security, in which we control a fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that have to reach one or more target locations without being detected by an adversary. Detection can be carried out by a variety of sensors (radio receivers, cameras, personnel, etc) placed by the adversary around the target sites. We model the act of detecting a UAV from first principles by noting that sensors work by monitoring frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum for signals or noise emitted. By this, we are able to provide a flexible and versatile nonlinear optimisation framework in which the problem is modeled as a novel trajectory optimisation problem with paths of the UAVs as continuous arcs in an Euclidean space. The flexibility of our approach is exhibited by the fact that we can easily consider various relevant objectives, among them minimising the overall probability of detection and maximising the location error that the adversary experiences when trying to locate our UAVs. Our model is also versatile enough to consider the act of jamming, in which one or more of our UAVs intentionally send out signals to interfere with the operations of the adversary’s sensors. Numerical results show the flexibility of our framework, and that we can solve realistic instances of this problem type.
Singular control of (reflected) Brownian motion: a computational method suitable for queueing applications
Authors: Ata Baris , Harrison J. Michael , Si Nian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMotivated by applications in queueing theory, we consider a class of singular stochastic control problems whose state space is the d-dimensional positive orthant. The original problem is approximated by a drift control problem, to which we apply a recently developed computational method that is feasible for dimensions up to $$d=30$$

d
=
30

or more. To show that nearly optimal solutions are obtainable using this method, we present computational results for a variety of examples, including queueing network examples that have appeared previously in the literature.
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Fish Sludge Originating from a Recirculating Aquaculture System
Authors: Netshivhumbe Rudzani , Faloye Funmilayo , Tolessa Amsalu , Görgens Johann , Goosen Neill 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of fish sludge (FS) with food waste (FW), and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) for biogas and methane production was optimised in small-scale bioreactors, and batch and semi-continuous pilot-scale digesters, under mesophilic (37 ℃) conditions. An experimental mixture design was first applied to small-scale biomethane potential (BMP) tests, to determine the optimal mixture proportions of the AcoD of FS, FW, and FVW that maximise the specific methane yield (SMY in NmLCH4 gVS−1). The optimal mixture proportion was 67%FS:18%FW:19%FVW (w/w), producing 401 mLCH4 gVS−1, which was 8 times higher than the SMY when FS was mono-digested (48 mLCH4 gVS−1). The SMY achieved in batch pilot-scale digesters were 70–82% of methane yields obtained in BMP tests under the same operating conditions, with stable biogas production and no apparent inhibition during the batch run. Semi-continuous operation of the pilot-scale digester was undertaken with organic loading rates (OLRs) of 1, 2, and 3 $$gVS{L}^{-1}{d}^{-1}$$

g
V
S

L

-
1

d

-
1

, provided intermittently. However, the digester did not achieve stable biogas production at all of the evaluated OLRs, due to the intermittent feeding and accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs): Improved process stability was achieved at an OLR of 2 $$gVS{L}^{-1}{d}^{-1}$$

g
V
S

L

-
1

d

-
1

, compared to OLRs of 1 and 3 $$gVS{L}^{-1}{d}^{-1}$$

g
V
S

L

-
1

d

-
1

. Optimisation of the AcoD process resulted in attractive biomethane yields from FS with FW and FVW co-feeds, indicating that producing biogas from co-digestion of FS with relevant substrates is a valuable managing tool for FS, while simultaneously providing renewable energy. The work provides novel data that elucidated optimal proportions in which to combine FS, FW and FVW to obtain optimal biogas production, and provided important new information relevant for the scale up and continuous operation of an AD process for treating FS.
Graphical Abstract
Altered States of Consciousness are Prevalent and Insufficiently Supported Clinically: A Population Survey
Authors: Wright Malcolm J. , Galante Julieta , Corneille Jessica S. , Grabovac Andrea , Ingram Daniel M. , Sacchet Matthew D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Adoption of potentially consciousness-altering practices may be leading to a rise in emergent phenomena (EP): sudden unusual mental or somatic experiences often interpreted as spiritual, mystical, energetic, or magical in nature. It is unclear how frequently these altered states of consciousness occur and what the clinical implications may be. Anecdotal accounts and prior literature suggest that EP may be common, under-reported, and followed by either positive or negative changes to well-being. We sought to supplement prior evidence on the prevalence and effects of EP among general populations with large-scale quantitative measurements.

Method
We measured the prevalence of EP, while not on mind-altering substances, through completion of online surveys by representative samples from three international communities (n = 3135). The communities sampled were UK Qualtrics online panelists, US-based MTurk workers, and the readers of a popular rationalist blog. Samples were broadly representative of underlying populations.

Results
Forty-five percent of participants reported experiencing non-pharmacologically induced EP at least once in their lives, including derealization (17%), unitive experiences (15%), ecstatic thrills (15%), vivid perceptions (11%), changes in perceived size (10%), bodily heat or electricity (9%), out-of-body experiences (8%), and perception of non-physical lights (5%). Respondents reported a mix of positive and negative well-being outcomes following EP, with 13% claiming moderate or greater suffering and 1.1% claiming life-threatening suffering. Of those who experienced suffering, 63% did not seek help.

Conclusions
EP are widespread among the studied populations with potential for both positive and negative outcomes, the latter of which do not appear to be adequately addressed through recourse to clinical practice.