bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early thrombus detection in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit by noninvasive real-time ultrasonic sensors
Authors: Rim Gongmin , Hyun Kwanyong , Cho Deog Gon , Lim Zhongsoo , Lee Byungdoo , Kim Keunho , Yoo Ga young 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThrombus formation in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains a major concern as it can lead to fatal outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, there is no standard non-invasive method for quantitatively measuring thrombi. This study’s purpose was to verify thrombus detection in an ECMO circuit using novel, non-invasive ultrasonic sensors in real-time, utilizing the fact that the ultrasonic velocity in a thrombus is known to be higher than that in the blood. Ultrasonic sensors with a customized chamber, an ultrasonic pulse-receiver, and a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) were used to set up the measuring unit. The customized chamber was connected to an ECMO circuit primed with porcine blood. Thrombi formed from static porcine blood were placed in the circuit and ultrasonic signals were extracted from the oscilloscope at various ECMO flow rates of 1–4 L/min. The ultrasonic signal changes were successfully detected at each flow rate on the DSO. The ultrasonic pulse signal shifted leftward when a thrombus passed between the two ultrasonic sensors and was easily detected on the DSO screen. This novel real-time non-invasive thrombus detection method may enable the early detection of floating thrombi in the ECMO system and early management of ECMO thrombi.
Longitudinal associations between women’s cycle characteristics and sexual motivation using Flo cycle tracking data
Authors: Mengelkoch Summer , Cunningham Katja , Gassen Jeffrey , Targonskaya Anna , Zhaunova Liudmila , Salimgaraev Rodion , Hill Sarah E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the current research, we used data from a sample of 16,327 menstrual cycle tracking app users to examine the association between menstrual cycle characteristics and sexual motivation tracked over 10 months of app use. Guided by past work that finds links between menstrual cycle characteristics related to conception risk and sexual motivation, we found that (a) between-women, shorter (r = − 0.04, p = 0.007), more regular cycles predicted small increases in sexual motivation (r = − 0.04, p = 0.001); (b) within-women, shorter cycles predicted greater sexual motivation that month (r = − 0.04, p < 0.001) and (c) the next month (βs: − 0.10 to − 0.06, ps < 0.001), but (d) changes in sexual motivation did not reliably precede changes in cycle length (βs: − 0.01 to 0.02, ps > 0.15). Within-woman analyses also revealed that (e) shorter cycles were followed by more frequent reports of fatigue (β = − 0.06, p < 0.001), insomnia (β = − 0.03, p < 0.001), and food cravings (β = − 0.04, p < 0.001). Together, results suggest that menstrual cycles characteristics and sexual motivation may covary together in ways that reflect changing investments in reproduction. Small effect sizes and lack of experimental control warrant cautious interpretations of results.
Influence of intermetallic phase (TiFe) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of as-cast and quenched Ti–Mo–Fe alloys
Authors: Moshokoa Nthabiseng , Makhatha Elizabeth , Raganya Lerato , Makoana Washington , Chauke Hasani , Diale Ramogohlo , Phasha Maje 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents the phase analysis, microstructural characteristics, and mechanical property evaluation of the as-cast and quenched Ti–15Mo–xFe alloys with high iron content ranging from 4 to 12 weight percent. All the four alloys were produced in a vacuum-arc melting furnace. Heat treatment in the form of solution treatment was performed in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 1100 °C, with 1-h holding time and the samples were rapidly quenched in ice-brine. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to analyses the phases present in each alloy whereas the optical microscope (OM) was employed to track the microstructural evolution and percentage porosity. The mechanical properties of the alloys were evaluated using a tensile test and compression test method while the micro-Vickers hardness measurements were conducted to evaluate hardness of the alloys. The XRD patterns of as-cast showed peaks belonging to the β and α″ phases and intermetallic B2 TiFe phases. The as quenched XRD peaks illustrated β phase only and Fe·Ti·O2 phases. The as-cast OM micrographs revealed equiaxed β grains, substructures, dendritic structure, and pores forming around the grain boundaries. The quenched OM showed only β equiaxed grains with pores throughout the grain boundaries. The tensile properties such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus (E) of as-cast TMF0 were 264 MPa and 79 GPa respectively and these properties changed upon quenching to 411 MPa and 66 GPa respectively. The elastic modulus of TMF1 in as-cast condition was 74 GPa. The UTS and E of TMF1, TMF2, and TMF3 in as-cast and quenched conditions were not recorded due to the fragility of the samples that failed prior to yielding any useful data. The compressive strength in as-cast and in quenched condition decreased with an increase in Fe content. The micro-Vickers hardness in as-cast and quenched conditions showed a similar trend with hardness increasing slightly upon quenching for TMF0, TMF1, and TMF3 alloys but slightly decreased in the case of TMF2. The fracture surfaces of all the as-cast and quenched alloys were comprised of ductile and brittle fracture.
Analysis of the 1-year efficacy of four different surgical methods for treating Chinese super obese (BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2) patients
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Wang Lun , Wei Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhenhua , Cui Liang , Jiang Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to retrospectively analyze the perioperative and postoperative follow-up data of patients with super obesity who had undergone RYGB, SG, BPD/DS, and SADI-S. A retrospective observational study was conducted to analyze the perioperative and postoperative follow-up data of 60 patients with super obesity who had undergone bariatric surgery. A total of 34 men and 26 women were included in this study. The participants had an average preoperative BMI of 53.81 ± 3.25 kg/m2. The body weight and BMI of all four patient groups decreased significantly at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively compared with the preoperative values. Additionally, the TWL (%) and EWL (%) of all four groups increased gradually over the same period. Compared with the preoperative values, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, uric acid, triglycerides, and total cholesterol decreased to varying degrees in the four groups 1 year postoperatively. RYGB, SG, BPD/DS, and SADI-S are all safe and effective in treating super obese patients and improving their metabolic diseases to a certain extent.
Genetic polymorphisms associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in nulliparas
Authors: Khan Raiyan R. , Guerrero Rafael F. , Wapner Ronald J. , Hahn Matthew W. , Raja Anita , Salleb-Aouissi Ansaf , Grobman William A. , Simhan Hyagriv , Silver Robert M. , Chung Judith H. , Reddy Uma M. , Radivojac Predrag , Pe’er Itsik , Haas David M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) affect a large proportion of pregnancies and represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Yet the pathophysiology of APOs is poorly understood, limiting our ability to prevent and treat these conditions. To search for genetic markers of maternal risk for four APOs, we performed multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for pregnancy loss, gestational length, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. We clustered participants by their genetic ancestry and focused our analyses on three sub-cohorts with the largest sample sizes: European, African, and Admixed American. Association tests were carried out separately for each sub-cohort and then meta-analyzed together. Two novel loci were significantly associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss: a cluster of SNPs located downstream of the TRMU gene (top SNP: rs142795512), and the SNP rs62021480 near RGMA. In the GWAS of gestational length we identified two new variants, rs2550487 and rs58548906 near WFDC1 and AC005052.1, respectively. Lastly, three new loci were significantly associated with gestational diabetes (top SNPs: rs72956265, rs10890563, rs79596863), located on or near ZBTB20, GUCY1A2, and RPL7P20, respectively. Fourteen loci previously correlated with preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia were found to be associated with these outcomes as well.
Machine learning models to predict submucosal invasion in early gastric cancer based on endoscopy features and standardized color metrics
Authors: Chen Keyan , Wang Ye , Lang Yanfei , Yang Linjian , Guo Zhijun , Wu Wei , Zhang Jing , Ding Shigang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConventional endoscopy is widely used in the diagnosis of early gastric cancers (EGCs), but the graphical features were loosely defined and dependent on endoscopists’ experience. We aim to establish a more accurate predictive model for infiltration depth of early gastric cancer including a standardized colorimetric system, which demonstrates promising clinical implication. A retrospective study of 718 EGC cases was performed. Clinical and pathological characteristics were included, and Commission Internationale de l’Eclariage (CIE) standard colorimetric system was used to evaluate the chromaticity of lesions. The predicting models were established in the derivation set using multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression, decision tree model, and random forest model. Logistic regression shows location, macroscopic type, length, marked margin elevation, WLI color difference and histological type are factors significantly independently associated with infiltration depth. In the decision tree model, margin elevation, lesion located in the lower 1/3 part, WLI a*color value, b*color value, and abnormal thickness in enhanced CT were selected, which achieved an AUROC of 0.810. A random forest model was established presenting the importance of each feature with an accuracy of 0.80, and an AUROC of 0.844. Quantified color metrics can improve the diagnostic precision in the invasion depth of EGC. We have developed a nomogram model using logistic regression and machine learning algorithms were also explored, which turned out to be helpful in decision-making progress.
A bionic bird jumping grasping structure design based on stm32 development board control
Authors: Zhang Chunpeng , Shao Weiping , Hao Yongping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring takeoff and landing, birds bounce and grab with their legs and feet. In this paper,the lower limb structure of the bionic bird is designed with reference to the function of jumping and grasping, and the PID algorithm based on the development module of stm32 development board is used to speed control the lower limb driving element, so that the motor and the bishaft steering gear move with the rate change of sine wave. According to the speed of grasping response time and the size of grasping force, the structure of the bionic bird paw is designed. Based on the photosensitive sensor fixed in the geometric center of the foot, the grasping action of the lower limb mechanism is intelligently controlled. Finally, the kinematic verification of the lower limb structure is carried out by ADAMS. Experiments show that the foot structure with four toes and three toes is more conducive to maintaining the stability of the body while realizing the fast grasping function. In addition, it can effectively improve the push-lift ratio of the bionic ornithopter by adjusting the sinusoidal waveform rate of the motor speed.
Effects of static exercises on hip muscle fatigue and knee wobble assessed by surface electromyography and inertial measurement unit data
Authors: Dyer Olivia L. , Seeley Mark A. , Wheatley Benjamin B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHip muscle weakness can be a precursor to or a result of lower limb injuries. Assessment of hip muscle strength and muscle motor fatigue in the clinic is important for diagnosing and treating hip-related impairments. Muscle motor fatigue can be assessed with surface electromyography (sEMG), however sEMG requires specialized equipment and training. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are wearable devices used to measure human motion, yet it remains unclear if they can be used as a low-cost alternative method to measure hip muscle fatigue. The goals of this work were to (1) identify which of five pre-selected exercises most consistently and effectively elicited muscle fatigue in the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and rectus femoris muscles and (2) determine the relationship between muscle fatigue using sEMG sensors and knee wobble using an IMU device. This work suggests that a wall sit and single leg knee raise activity fatigue the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and rectus femoris muscles most reliably (p < 0.05) and that the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles were fatigued to a greater extent than the rectus femoris (p = 0.031 and p = 0.0023, respectively). Additionally, while acceleration data from a single IMU placed on the knee suggested that more knee wobble may be an indicator of muscle fatigue, this single IMU is not capable of reliably assessing fatigue level. These results suggest the wall sit activity could be used as simple, static exercise to elicit hip muscle fatigue in the clinic, and that assessment of knee wobble in addition to other IMU measures could potentially be used to infer muscle fatigue under controlled conditions. Future work examining the relationship between IMU data, muscle fatigue, and multi-limb dynamics should be explored to develop an accessible, low-cost, fast and standardized method to measure fatiguability of the hip muscles in the clinic.
Accuracy of self-collected versus healthcare worker collected specimens for diagnosing sexually transmitted infections in females: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jaya Ziningi Nobuhle , Mapanga Witness , Dlangalala Thobeka , Thembane Nokukhanya , Kgarosi Kabelo , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani Phosa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe use of self-collected specimens as an alternative to healthcare worker-collected specimens for diagnostic testing has gained increasing attention in recent years. This systematic review aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected specimens compared to healthcare worker-collected specimens across different sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), human papillomavirus (HPV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), Treponema pallidum and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) in females. A rigorous process was followed to screen for studies in various electronic databases. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. There were no studies on syphilis that met the criteria for inclusion in the review. A total of six studies for chlamydia, five studies for HPV, four studies for MG, and seven studies for gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis were included in the review. However, not all studies were included in the sub-group meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that self-collected specimens demonstrated comparable diagnostic accuracy to healthcare worker-collected specimens across most STIs. This indicates that the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected specimens can provide accurate results and enhance access to diagnostic testing, potentially improving healthcare service delivery. Future research should further explore the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected specimens in larger and more diverse populations.
A novel optimal identification of various solar PV cell parameters by using MRDT controller
Authors: Kumar Sunkara Sunil , Balakrishna K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAt present, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) utilization keeps on increasing because of their merits are more availability in the atmosphere, easy energy harvesting, less maintenance expenses, plus more reliability. Here, the solar power generation systems are utilized for supplying the energy to the local consumers. The accurate, and efficient solar power supply to the customers is a very important factor to meet the peak load demand. The accurate power generation of the sunlight system completely depends on its accurate parameters extraction. In this work, a Modified Rao-based Dichotomy Technique (MRAODT) is introduced to identify the actual parameters of the different PV cells which are PWP 201 polycrystalline, plus RTC France. The proposed MRAODT method is compared with the other existing algorithms which are the teaching and learning algorithm, African vultures, plus tuna intelligence algorithm. Finally, from the simulation results, the MRAODT gives superior performance when associated with the other controllers in terms of parameters extraction time, accuracy in the PV cells parameters identification, plus convergence time of the algorithm.
Strain-modulated defect engineering of two-dimensional materials
Authors: Santra Prosun , Ghaderzadeh Sadegh , Ghorbani-Asl Mahdi , Komsa Hannu-Pekka , Besley Elena , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStrain- and defect-engineering are two powerful approaches to tailor the opto-electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, but the relationship between applied mechanical strain and behavior of defects in these systems remains elusive. Using first-principles calculations, we study the response to external strain of h-BN, graphene, MoSe2, and phosphorene, four archetypal 2D materials, which contain substitutional impurities. We find that the formation energy of the defect structures can either increase or decrease with bi-axial strain, tensile or compressive, depending on the atomic radius of the impurity atom, which can be larger or smaller than that of the host atom. Analysis of the strain maps indicates that this behavior is associated with the compressive or tensile local strains produced by the impurities that interfere with the external strain. We further show that the change in the defect formation energy is related to the change in elastic moduli of the 2D materials upon introduction of impurity, which can correspondingly increase or decrease. The discovered trends are consistent across all studied 2D materials and are likely to be general. Our findings open up opportunities for combined strain- and defect-engineering to tailor the opto-electronic properties of 2D materials, and specifically, the location and properties of single-photon emitters.
Dishevelled2 activates WGEF via its interaction with a unique internal peptide motif of the GEF
Authors: Omble Aishwarya , Mahajan Shrutika , Bhoite Ashwini , Kulkarni Kiran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Wnt-planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway is crucial in establishing cell polarity during development and tissue homoeostasis. This pathway is found to be dysregulated in many pathological conditions, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. The central event in Wnt-PCP pathway is the activation ofWeak-similarity guanine nucleotide exchange factor(WGEF) by the adapter protein Dishevelled (Dvl). The PDZ domain of Dishevelled2 (Dvl2PDZ) binds and activates WGEF by releasing it from its autoinhibitory state. However, the actual Dvl2PDZbinding site of WGEF and the consequent activation mechanism of the GEF have remained elusive. Using biochemical and molecular dynamics studies, we show that a unique “internal-PDZ binding motif” (IPM) of WGEF mediates the WGEF-Dvl2PDZinteraction to activate the GEF. The residues atP2, P0, P-2andP-3positions of IPM play an important role in stabilizing the WGEFpep-Dvl2PDZinteraction. Furthermore, MD simulations of modelled Dvl2PDZ-WGEFIPM peptidecomplexes suggest that WGEF-Dvl2PDZinteraction may differ from the reported Dvl2PDZ-IPM interactions. Additionally, theapostructure of human Dvl2PDZshows conformational dynamics different from its IPM peptide bound state, suggesting an induced fit mechanism for the Dvl2PDZ-peptide interaction. The current study provides a model for Dvl2 induced activation of WGEF.
Coastal ecological disasters triggered by an extreme rainfall event thousands of kilometers inland
Authors: Li Wenjian , Wang Zhenyan , Cui Quanchao , Sun Xiaole , Huang Haijun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe world is experiencing an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, yet the influences of remote inland extreme weather events on the coastal ecosystem thousands of kilometers away remain poorly understood. Here we tracked the chain ecological effects of an extreme rainfall event in North China from terrestrial rivers to coastal aquaculture area of the eastern Shandong Peninsula. Our data suggest the autumn flood resulted from extreme rainfall event leads to abnormally low turbidity in the North Shandong Coastal Currents and coastal red tide blooms by introducing anomalous freshwater with an exceptionally high nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio into the Bohai Sea. Lower salinity, stronger light conditions caused by limpid coastal currents, and phosphorus limitation resulting from red tide blooms account for huge kelp loss offshore of the eastern Shandong Peninsula. This study underscores the importance of considering multidisciplinary observation for risk management of unexpected extreme weather events.
Synergistic effect of adsorption-photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi) in wastewater with biochar/TiO2 composite under simulated sunlight illumination
Authors: Du Yadong , Ye Xiangju , Hui Zhenzhen , Jiao Die , Xie Yue , Chen Shifu , Ding Jun 
Published: May 2024

After the loading of BC, the photoexcited electrons of TiO2 migrate to BC surface, which is conducive to improving the adsorption-photocatalytic performance for the reduction of Cr(VI) under sunlight irradiation.