bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of H and N2 genes of avian influenza viruses detected in Ireland between 2003 and 2007
Authors: RALEIGH P. J. , FLYNN O. , O'CONNOR M. , MINIHAN D. , CONNELL J. , SAMMIN D. J. , MARKEY B. K. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYPhylogenetic analysis was performed on the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtype N2 genes of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) detected in Ireland between 2003 and 2007. Nucleotide sequences were compared to previously published sequences from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information. Sequences from viruses of the same subtype isolated in different years were compared to examine the possibility that LPAIVs may have been maintained in Ireland from year to year. All viruses had closest identity with published sequences of European lineage, supporting the conclusion that LPAIVs had been introduced to Ireland by dabbling ducks that had migrated from Europe. The data suggested that different subtypes of virus had been introduced each year. However, there was evidence that some LPAIVs may have been maintained in the sedentary waterfowl population for consecutive seasons. Furthermore, almost identical H6 and H10 sequences with different N types were found in isolates from the same season, suggesting that reassortment had occurred.
Stroke as a medical emergency in older people
Authors: Ryan Davinia , Harbison Joseph 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIn the last 20 years a realization has developed that acute stroke is a condition that benefits from early intensive investigation and treatment. Older people are historically less likely to receive such active management through a combination of limited evidence due to their exclusion from clinical trials and a level of ‘therapeutic nihilism’ regarding older subjects with severe, acute illness.There is increasing evidence that many acute therapies, including thrombolysis, benefit older stroke patients. Older subjects may not achieve as good results as younger groups but differential benefits are often comparable when expected outcomes are considered. Risk of haemorrhagic complications with thrombolysis is not substantially increased and older subjects are now receiving this therapy despite a dearth of relevant trial data.Intensive physiological monitoring and stroke unit care has been found to be of benefit to patients of all ages. Surgical options for intracerebral haemorrhage are limited, but there is little difference in the management of intracranial haemorrhage in older people. There is unlikely to be a benefit to surgical hemicraniectomy for cerebral infarction in those >60 years. In conclusion, active management for acute stroke in older people is frequently beneficial and age should not be a barrier to such care.
Ontology-driven International Maize Information System (IMIS) for Phenotypic and Genotypic Data Exchange
Authors: Shrestha Rosemary , Sanchez Hector , Ayala Claudio , Wenzl Peter , Arnaud Elizabeth 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR; http://www.cgiar.org/) centres have developed the International Crop Information System (ICIS; http://www.icis.cgiar.org) for the management and integration of global information on genetic resources, and germplasm improvement for any crop. The Maize breeding programs at CIMMYT (http://beta.cimmyt.org/) have different software tools to manage phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental information for their experiments generated worldwide. These tools have the capacity of collecting information in the field, wet lab, and store it into different relational databases. The IMIS (http://imis.cimmyt.org/confluence/display/IMIS/Crop+Finder) is an implementation of the ICIS, which is a computerized database system for general, integrated management and utilization of genealogy, nomenclature, genetic, phenotypic and characterization data for maize. Data exchange within and between databases as well as retrieving information are often hampered by the variability of terms used to describe comparable objects. To overcome this problem, the Crop Ontology (CO) database (http://cropontology.org/) is developed. It provides controlled vocabulary sets for several economically important plant species and facilitates biocurators working in genebanks of plant genetic resources (PGR) and crop breeding data curation and annotation. The maize trait ontology is developed as one of subclasses of CO trait ontology providing standardized trait descriptions, scales and scale values implemented into the IMIS. This ontology-driven IMIS will allow researchers who wish to exploit comparative phenotypic and genotypic information of maize to elucidate functional aspects of each trait.
Phosphorylation of bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase at Ser425 provides a further tier of enzyme control in developing castor oil seeds
Authors: O'Leary Brendan , Rao Srinath K. , Plaxton William C. 
Published: October 2010

PEPC [PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) carboxylase] is a tightly controlled anaplerotic enzyme situated at a pivotal branch point of plant carbohydrate metabolism. Two distinct oligomeric PEPC classes were discovered in developing COS (castor oil seeds). Class-1 PEPC is a typical homotetramer of 107 kDa PTPC (plant-type PEPC) subunits, whereas the novel 910-kDa Class-2 PEPC hetero-octamer arises from a tight interaction between Class-1 PEPC and 118 kDa BTPC (bacterial-type PEPC) subunits. Mass spectrometric analysis of immunopurified COS BTPC indicated that it is subject to in vivo proline-directed phosphorylation at Ser425. We show that immunoblots probed with phosphorylation site-specific antibodies demonstrated that Ser425 phosphorylation is promoted during COS development, becoming maximal at stage IX (maturation phase) or in response to depodding. Kinetic analyses of a recombinant, chimaeric Class-2 PEPC containing phosphomimetic BTPC mutant subunits (S425D) indicated that Ser425 phosphorylation results in significant BTPC inhibition by: (i) increasing its Km(PEP) 3-fold, (ii) reducing its I50 (L-malate and L-aspartate) values by 4.5- and 2.5-fold respectively, while (iii) decreasing its activity within the physiological pH range. The developmental pattern and kinetic influence of Ser425 BTPC phosphorylation is very distinct from the in vivo phosphorylation/activation of COS Class-1 PEPC's PTPC subunits at Ser11. Collectively, the results establish that BTPC's phospho-Ser425 content depends upon COS developmental and physiological status and that Ser425 phosphorylation attenuates the catalytic activity of BTPC subunits within a Class-2 PEPC complex. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence for protein phosphorylation as a mechanism for the in vivo control of vascular plant BTPC activity.
Shearing microscopy using polarized optical microscope with shear stage and spectral analyser to study liquid crystalline polymers
Authors: Tanaka K. , Yonetake K. , Masuko T. , Akiyama R. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIn‐situpolarized optical microscopy using a shear stage and a spectral analyser as well as a CCD camera were applied to study the phase transition under shear flow for a thermotropic and side‐chain‐type liquid crystalline polysiloxane. The onset of the appearance of anisotropic texture of the polysiloxane was observed under shear flow using the CCD camera at temperatures much higher than the isotropic‐liquid crystalline phase transition temperature if the polysiloxane was cooled from the isotropic phase in the quiescent state. Both the onset temperature and the temperature for full development of the anisotropic texture across the field of view became higher as the shear rate increased. The transmitted light intensity was also measured using a spectral analyser with crossed polarisers at wavelengths from 300 nm to 800 nm, and the integrated intensity of the spectrum was calculated. Changes in the spectrum and the integrated intensity against temperature in the cooling process were compared with observation using the CCD camera. Temperature dependence of the integrated intensity showed that the onset of the appearance of the anisotropic texture under high shear rates was detected at temperatures slightly higher than that observed using the CCD camera.
Contact metamorphic P–T–t paths from Sm–Nd garnet ages, phase equilibria modelling and thermobarometry: Garnet Ledge, south‐eastern Alaska, USA
Authors: Stowell H. H. , Taylor D. L. , Tinkham D. L. , Goldberg S. A. , Ouderkirk K. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSm–Nd garnet‐whole rock geochronology, phase equilibria, and thermobarometry results from Garnet Ledge, south‐eastern Alaska, provide the first precisely constrained P–T–t path for garnet zone contact metamorphism. Garnet cores from two crystals and associated whole rocks yield a four point isochron age for initial garnet growth of 89.9 ± 3.6 Ma. Garnet rims and matrix minerals from the same samples yield a five point isochron age for final garnet growth of 89 ± 1 Ma. Six size fractions of zircon from the adjacent pluton yield a concordant U–Pb age of 91.6 ± 0.5 Ma. The garnet core and rim, and zircon ages are compatible with single‐stage garnet growth during and/or after pluton emplacement. All garnet core–whole rock and garnet rim‐matrix data from the two samples constrain garnet growth duration to ≤5.5 my. A garnet mid‐point and the associated matrix from one of the two garnet crystals yield an age of 90.0 ± 1.0 Ma. This mid‐point result is logically younger than the 90.7 ± 5.6 Ma core–whole rock age and older than the 88.4 ± 2.5 Ma rim‐matrix age for this sample. A MnNaCaKFMASH phase diagram (P–T pseudosection) and the garnet core composition are used to predict that cores of garnet crystals grew at 610 ± 20 °C and 5 ± 1 kbar. This exceeds the temperature of the garnet‐in reaction by c. 50 °C and is compatible with overstepping of the garnet growth reaction during contact metamorphism. Intersection of three reactions involving garnet‐biotite‐sillimanite‐plagioclase‐quartz calculated by THERMOCALC in average P–T mode, and exchange thermobarometry were used to estimate peak metamorphic conditions of 678 ± 58 °C at 6.1 ± 0.9 kbar and 685 ± 50 °C at 6.3 ± 1 kbar, respectively. Integration of pressure, temperature, and age estimates yields a pressure‐temperature‐time path compatible with near isobaric garnet growth over an interval of c. 70 °C and c. 2.3 my.
Brooke–Spiegler syndrome
Authors: Szepietowski JC , Wa̧sik F , Szybejko‐Machaj G , Bieniek A , Schwartz RA 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Brooke–Spiegler syndrome is an autosomal dominant one characterized by cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas and occasionally spiradenomas. Within a given family, some members may have cylindromas whereas others may have trichoepitheliomas or both. We describe the coexistence of trichoepithelioma papulosum multiplex (also known as epithelioma adenoides cysticum of Brooke) and cylindromas in a 30‐year‐old man, and discuss the relationship between these two autosomal dominant syndromes.
The cost of hospital‐related care of patients with psoriasis in Italy based on the AISP study
Authors: Finzi AF , Mantovani LG , Belisari A ,   Italian Association for Studies on Psoriasis
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the cost of caring for patients with psoriasis in Italy according to the AISP study (Associazione Italiana Studi Psoriasi or Italian Association for Studies on Psoriasis), involving 104 university and hospital centres and 7992 patients in 1994. The mean yearly cost of care for a single patient was calculated at 905 Euros. Hospitalization accounted for more than four‐fifths of the costs, therapy for about one‐eighth (systemic therapies were the most expensive) and office visits and day hospitals for the remainder. In our study series less than 20% of patients accounted for more than 90% of the total costs.
Crohn’s disease presenting as a breast abscess: A case report
Authors: Ladefoged K , Balslev E , Jemec GBE 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA case of cutaneous Crohn’s disease (CD) involving the areola‐nipple region of both breasts in a 45‐year‐old woman is reported. The lesion had initially been diagnosed and treated as a simple abscess. Histopathological examination, however, showed granulomatous inflammation with eosinophils suggesting extraintestinal CD. The patient also had a minor area of cutaneous CD localized at the umbilicus and severe anogenital lesions. Twenty‐six years previously the woman had undergone a course of sulphasalazine treatment together with steroid enema for chronic inflammatory colitis, but the colitis had been inactive for 25 years. Treatment with sulphasalazine, metronidazole, prednisolone and azothioprine had only minor effect on the skin lesions. CD is a systemic disorder and the most prominent manifestations may be extraintestinal.
Bullous pemphigoid in Liguria: A 2‐year survey
Authors: Cozzani E , Parodi A , Rebora A ,   for the Gruppo Ligure di Studi in Dermatologia (GLISID),   Contributors (in order of contribution): S. Delmonte (Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Genova), M. Barile (Divisione di Dermatologia, Ospedale S. Paolo, Savona), A Nigro (Divisione di Dermatologia, Ospedale S. Martino), L. Priano (Divisione di Dermatologia, Ospedale Galliera), G. Troiano (Divisione di Dermatologia, Ospedale di Imperia), PL Patri (Divisione di Dermatologia, Ospedale S. Andrea, La Spezia).
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology of bullous pemphigoid (BP) is not clear because of the heterogeneity of the disease, and its possible association with internal malignancies has been under debate for many years. We report the findings of a 2‐year study on incident BP cases in the Liguria region of Italy.Subjects and methodsThirty‐two patients with BP were collected over the 2‐year period. Diagnosis was made based on clinical findings and confirmed by histology, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) with salt‐split skin and monkey oesophagus, and immunoblotting (IB). All patients were thoroughly investigated for possible malignancies and all were followed up for 6 months to monitor the response to treatment.ResultsDIF showed linear deposits at the dermoepidermal junction in all but one patient. IIF gave positive findings for 15 sera tested with monkey oesophagus and 20 tested with salt‐split skin. IB gave positive findings in 19 cases. There was a malignancy in six cases, but no clinical or immunological features that could be considered to predict this occurrence.ConclusionsThe findings of this study are in accordance with most of the data found in the literature, including the fact that IgG serum levels did not predict the course of the disease. Contrary to previous indications, IgE levels were not indicative of disease course either. Mucosal lesions, erythema multiform‐like lesions, negative IIF findings and antibodies to AgPB2 were not a prediction for the development of malignancy.
Juvenile papular–purpuric gloves and socks syndrome
Authors: Petter G , Rytter M , Haustein U‐F 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPapular–purpuric gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS) occurs mainly in young adults, but it should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood exanthems. The case presented here is the youngest patient hitherto reported with PPGSS and supports the concept of a viral genesis.
Waardenburg syndrome
Authors: Konno P , Silm H 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWaardenburg syndrome (WS) is caused by autosomal dominant mutations, and is characterized by pigmentary anomalies and various defects of neural crest derived tissues. We report a very interesting case of type 1 WS (WS 1) in an adult who presented all the symptoms characteristic of this syndrome. One particularly important clinical feature of WS is congenital hearing loss, which may severely handicap a child. A careful clinical description is useful to differentiate between various types of WS and other associated auditory–pigmentary syndromes. Type WS 1, characterized by dystopia canthorum, is caused by loss of function mutations in the PAX3 gene.
Prevalence of superficial fungal infections among sports‐active individuals: results from the Achilles survey, a review of the literature
Authors: Caputo R , De Boulle K , Del Rosso J , Nowicki R 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of sport activities on the prevalence of foot disease in the Achilles survey, conducted during the spring of 1997 and 1998 in several European countries.SubjectFoot diseases, especially fungal infections (tinea pedis and onychomycosis).MethodsA questionnaire and a clinical examination regarding individuals presenting to a general practitioner for disorders irrespective of possible foot problems.ResultsMore than 50% of subjects visiting a general practitioner had clinical evidence of foot disease, and approximately two‐thirds of these had clinical evidence of a superficial fungal infection. The survey evidenced a significant age‐dependent association between sporting activities and the prevalence of foot diseases and superficial fungal infection, especially in children.ConclusionsThe results of this pan‐European survey indicate that sporting activities can have an unfavourable effect on the individual regarding the occurrence of foot disease and superficial fungal infection. The results indicate a need to pay more attention to foot disease, to predict and prevent future diseases and further complications.
Determination of the minimal clinically significant difference on a patient visual analog sleep quality scale
Authors: Zisapel Nava , Nir Tali 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe amount of change in quality of sleep (QOS), as measured by a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS), that constitutes a minimum clinically significant difference was determined. A total of 428 patients with insomnia aged 55 years and older received placebo (2 weeks), prolonged release melatonin 2 mg (3 weeks) and then placebo (2 weeks). Sleep quality was assessed by the end of each period using the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ) QOS variable and a five‐point severity‐rating scale. The mean difference between current and preceding VAS scores in patients improving or worsening by 1 point was 13 mm (95% CI 11–16). Correlation analysis indicated that a change of 1 point was associated with a mean change of 10.3 mm on the VAS. In conclusion, a change of 10 mm change in the 100‐mm VAS QOS variable of the LSEQ, signifies an important change in patients’ sleep quality.
Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) binding and nucleoside transporter ENT1 mRNA expression after prolonged wakefulness and recovery sleep in the cortex and basal forebrain of rat
Authors: Alanko Lauri , Stenberg Dag , Porkka‐Heiskanen Tarja 
Published: October 2010

SummaryWe have previously shown that extracellular adenosine levels increase locally in the basal forebrain (BF) during prolonged wakefulness, yet the cellular mechanisms of this local accumulation have remained unknown. The extracellular adenosine levels are strictly regulated by adenosine metabolism and its transport through cell membrane by the nucleoside transporters. As we previously showed that the key adenosine metabolizing enzymes were not affected by prolonged wakefulness, we now focussed on potential changes in the nucleoside transporters. In the present study, we measured the binding of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), an ENT1 transporter inhibitor, and the ENT1 transporter mRNA after prolonged wakefulness and recovery sleep. Rats were sleep‐deprived for 3 or 6 h using gentle handling. After 6 h one group was allowed to sleep for 2 h. NBMPR binding was determined from BF and cortex by incubating tissue extracts with [3H] NBMPR. Thein situhybridization was carried out on 20 μm cryosections using [35S]dATP‐labelled oligonucleotide probe for ENT1 mRNA. The NBMPR binding was significantly decreased in the BF, but not in the cortex, after 6 h sleep deprivation when compared with the time‐matched controls, suggesting a decline in adenosine transport. The expression of ENT1 mRNA did not change during prolonged wakefulness or recovery sleep in either cortex or the BF, although circadian variations were measured in both areas. We conclude that the regional decrease in adenosine transport could contribute to the gradual accumulation of extracellular adenosine in the basal forebrain during prolonged wakefulness.
Pregnancy associated aplastic anemia: Maternal and fetal outcome
Authors: Deka Deepika , Malhotra Neena , Sinha Alka , Banerjee Neelam , Kashyap Rajesh , Roy Kallol K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  To study the maternal and fetal outcome in cases of aplastic anemia associated with pregnancy.Methods:  Retrospective analysis of seven cases of aplastic anemia diagnosed during pregnancy.Result:  Four patients had an overall successful pregnancy outcome. These were all cases of non‐severe aplastic anemia. There was one case each of intrauterine and neonatal death in the severe aplastic anemia group. There was one maternal mortality.Conclusion:  Maternal and fetal outcome is poor in severe aplastic anemia.
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus associated with uterine inversion in an adolescent: A case report and published work review
Authors: Da Silva Benedito Borges , Dos Santos Alesse Ribeiro , Bosco Parentes‐Vieira João , Lopes‐Costa Pedro Vitor , Pires Cleicilene Gomes 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEmbryonal rhabdomyosarcomas of the uterus are extremely rare malignant tumors and their association with uterine inversion is even rarer. The present case report refers to a 15‐year‐old Brazilian girl admitted to hospital with a 3‐month history of transvaginal bleeding and a mass protruding from the vaginal introitus. Following biopsy of the lesion and confirmation of the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, the patient was submitted to total abdominal hysterectomy followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient died 9 months after surgery. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus is very rare and extremely aggressive. According to a published work review, there has been only one report to date on the association of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus and uterine inversion.
Bilateral seminomas in a 45X/46XY mosaic with Turner's phenotype: An unusual case of mixed gonadal dysgenesis
Authors: Kriplani Alka , Agarwal Nutan , Parul  , Sharma Meharchand C. , Manchanda Ranjit 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA wide spectrum of phenotypic manifestations are seen in cases with 45X/46XY mosaicism. We present a case with 45X/46XY having female phenotype with Turner's stigmata. Prophylactic laparoscopic gonadectomy was performed and the patient was found to have mixed gonadal dysgenesis with bilateral gonadoblastomas. Microinvasive seminomas were also detected in both gonadoblastomas. The presence of Y cell line in karyotype prompted early and prophylactic gonadectomy, a procedure which is life‐saving for these individuals.