bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Differential Agglutination Technic to Measure Red Cell Survival I. Methodology
Authors: Szymanski I. O. , Valeri C. R. , McCallum L. E. , Emerson C. P. , Rosenfield R. E. 
Published: October 2009

Experiments were performed to prove the validity of an automated differential hemagglutination test to measure the survival of transfused red cells.Four antibodies, anti‐A, anti‐B, anti‐CD, and anti‐M, were used to perform differential hemagglutination. This method permitted measurement of the survival of at least two compatible but antigenically identifiable red cell populations in the same recipient.The measurements obtained with the automated method were less variable than those obtained simultaneously with a manual method.
Autologous Blood Transfusion in Pulmonary Surgery
Authors: Ascari W. Q. , Jolly P. C. , Thomas P. A. 
Published: October 2009

Sixteen patients undergoing thoracic surgery for suspected tuberculous residua of the lungs received a total of 26 units of autologous banked blood. Single units of autologous blood were drawn in routine fashion one week prior to surgery (unit A). When the need for two units of blood was anticipated, a double phlebotomy (Units B and C) was performed using a double plasmapheresis pack followed by the reinfusion of a previously drawn autologous unit (Unit A). When three units were requested for anticipated surgery, two units (Units B and C) were obtained as above and exchanged on day 14 for units (Units D and E) using a double plasmapheresis pack. On day 16, a single unit (Unit F) was obtained in the routine fashion. The net loss of blood to the donors at a single phlebotomy never exceeded one unit of blood, however, one, two or three units of autologous blood were obtained by appropriate exchange for fresh blood, none of the units had been stored in excess of ten days when finally used at the time of surgery.Transfusion of autologous blood avoids the hazards of transmission of serum hepatitis and isoimmunization. It may be the only available source of rare blood or blood for members of religious sects which prohibit the use of homologous blood transfusion.
Effect of Transportation on the Posttransfusion Survival of Blood Stored in CPD
Authors: Orlina A. R. , Button L. N. , Taylor B. J. 
Published: October 2009

Studies on the effects of land and air transportation on CPD blood stored for 21 and 28 days are reported. Plasma potassium, supernatant hemoglobin, per cent hemolysis, whole blood pH, plasma sugar, posttransfusion survival (autologous) and t/2 of the transported units did not differ significantly from those of the control units that were left undisturbed in the refrigerator for comparable duration of storage. No untoward reactions were encountered in any of the subjects.In addition, two subjects showed satisfactory red cell survival (above 70%) after 21 days of storage, in spite of collection deficits of 200 and 130 ml. No correlation could be shown between survival and t/2 and such in vitro parameters as per cent hemolysis, plasma hemoglobin, plasma sugar, pH and plasma potassium. A good positive correlation was found between survival and initial slope.
Storage of Erythrocytes in Artificial Media
Authors: Wood L. , Beutler E. 
Published: October 2009

The storage of red blood cells (RBC) for extended periods in artificial media without plasma has been studied. Blood was collected in either heparin or ACD solution; the plasma was removed; and one or two volumes of a solution containing 2 to 3 mM adenine, 5 to 60 mM Na2HPO4 55 mM glucose, and 120 to 140 mM NaCl was added to the packed RBC. Control samples were stored in ACD plasma containing an equivalent concentration of adenine (ACD‐ad). Viability studies were done on three consecutive days in each of 22 subjects, using the subject's own blood stored in various preservatives for 41 to 57 days. After this period of storage, the mean viability of ACD‐ad stored blood was 73.5 per cent and of erythrocytes stored in artificial media, 74.4 per cent. Cells stored for longer periods had diminished viability, but the viability of cells stored in artificial media was equivalent to or superior to that of controls. After 42 days' storage, 2,3 DPG levels of RBC stored in artificial media were higher than those of controls, and in some instances, the 2,3 DPG content was one‐third to two‐thirds that of fresh blood. Some of the potential advantages of this system for blood preservation are:1. The suspending medium is discarded prior to infusion so that less potentially toxic substances are administered.2. Plasma is removed at the beginning of storage so that labile factors are available for fractionation.3. 2,3 DPG levels are higher, so that, theoretically, the oxygen‐delivering capacity of the transfused cells is greater.
Gu, a Variant of G
Authors: Beattie K. M. , Neitzer G. M. , Zanardi V. , Zuelzer W. W. 
Published: October 2009

Gu, analogous to Du and Eu, is a weak variant of G appearing in a haplotype lacking C, D, and E but having es.In a preliminary survey, the red blood cells ot three of 186 Negro blood donors found negative when tested for C, D (incuding Du), and E were shown to be Gu‐positive when tested with anti‐CD by the antiglobulin technic.Fourteen additional examples from unrelated persons and five members of a family have been investigated in this study. All Gu‐positive individuals tested are VS‐positive, but V‐negative, and all are Negro. Although G cells show greater antibody uptake when used to absorb anti‐CD, Gu cells elute anti‐G in substantially greater amounts than do G cells. Comparative studies demonstrate similarity of specificity but a difference of avidity, which could be due to the influence of es(VS) in cis position.Gu‐positive bloods have been shown to stimulate the production of anti‐G in Rh‐negative recipients. The test for Gu can be incorporated in the test for Du by substituting anti‐CD or anti‐CDE for anti‐D serum.
Specific Agglutinability of Erythrocytes from Whole Blood Stored at 4 C
Authors: Rosenfield R. E. , Berkman E. M. , Nusbacher J. , Hyams L. , Dabinsky C. , Stux S. , Hirsch A. , Kochwa S. 
Published: October 2009

When whole blood is supplemented with adenine, the erythrocytes are suitable for transfusion after at least 35 days of storage at 4C, but information is not available as to whether such cells remain satisfactory for blood typing and pre transfusion tests for evidence of incompatibility. Accordingly, we designed experiments to evaluate by AutoAnalyzer the specific agglutinability of erythrocytes obtained from whole blood stored at 4C. Seven normal volunteer donors of both sexes, aged between 22 and 31 years, were chosen and bled periodically so that, over a three‐day testing period, all blood specimens from each donor could be evaluated. Each donor provided at each bleeding sufficient blood to permit aliquots of 20 ml to be stored as clotted blood and 8 ml to be stored as citrated whole blood. Four kinds of citrate solution were used: ACD Formula A, CPD, ACD supplemented with adenine, and CPD supplemented with adenine. All clotted specimens were tested after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks of storage, while all citrated specimens were tested after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 weeks of storage. Six blood group systems were used for evaluation with the following reagents: anti‐A or anti‐B, anti‐Rhl (Rho or D), anti‐K2 (k or Cellano), anti‐Jka, anti‐Fya or anti‐Fyb, and anti‐M. Each reagent was used at a dilution to support from 20 to 80 per cent agglutination with freshly drawn blood, and each reagent was tested under two conditions: low ionic and normal ionic.The results disclosed loss of specific agglutinability in association with the time of storage of whole blood at 4 C. The onset and degree of loss depended both on the kind of test used (normal ionic tests showed loss 2.8 weeks earlier than did low ionic tests) and the condition in which the blood was stored (loss occurred sooner and then progressed more with clotted blood than with citrated blood). Average losses of 25, 50, and 75 per cent were observed at 1.1, 2.1, and 4.0 weeks of storage for normal ionic tests of clotted blood, and at 4.1, 6.0, and 7.6 weeks for similar tests of citrated blood.Loss of specific agglutinability during storage was significantly less for the red blood cells of some donors than for others, but systematic differences between specific blood‐typing tests were not observed. ACD and CPD solutions behaved similarly, while adenine supplementation exerted a slight preservative effect after 6, 8, and 10 weeks of storage.Loss of specific hemagglutinability of stored cells was not due to loss of specific antigenic sites because stored cells were as effective as fresh cells for the absorption of anti‐B, anti‐Rhl, and anti‐M. Loss might, however, be related to an increase in the accumulation of IgG, fibrinogen, and albumin at the surfaces of erythrocytes.
Use of Escherichia coli O86: B7 in the Adsorption of Anti‐A and Anti‐B from Blood Typing Sera
Authors: Øyen R. , Colledge K. I. , Marsh W. L. , Wainfan E. 
Published: October 2009

The Gram‐negative bacterium, Escherichia coli O86:B7, has somatic A and B antigens that can be utilized to adsorb anti‐A and anti‐B from blood typing sera. Adsorption of anti‐B is highly effective, one adsorption with heat‐killed bacteria for one hour being sufficient to remove anti‐B from most type A or O sera. Adsorption of anti‐A is less efficient, especially with type O sera.Adsorption with these organisms caused slight loss in activity of an anti‐P1 serum, but no reduction in antibody titer or avidity was detected in adsorptions using a wide range of other human antisera. The bacterial method of processing is a simple and rapid means whereby sera such as anti‐Lub, anti‐k and anti‐Vel may be rendered free of anti‐B.
Albumin and Hydroxy‐Ethyl Starch in the Cryopreservation of Red Cells—an In Vitro Study
Authors: Baar Stella 
Published: October 2009

The usefulness of a fully dialyzed albumin in ACD‐saline containing hyroxyethyl starch (HES) for cryoprotection of red blood cells has been investigated. In vitro damage was as assessed by the amount of hemolysis in the supernatant plasma, saline stability, and autohemolysis at 30 C after resuspension in fresh ACD plasma. Freeze‐thawing hemolysis was reduced to an average of 54 per cent of that of the control when the cells were processed in 14.1 g 100 ml albumin containing 11.7 g 100 ml HES. Higher concentrations of albumin reduced this difference of 46 per cent to 20 per cent. The autohemolysis test gave the best result, when 21.7 g/100 ml albumin was used as HES diluent.Additionally the effect of freeze‐thawing on the cellular levels of ATP and 2,3‐DPG was investigated. The ATP levels in the albumin‐HES processed cells fell to 94 per cent and that of the ACD plasma‐HES cells to 85 per cent of the respective starting values. 2,3‐DPG in the corresponding samples was reduced to 98 and 96 per cent of the initial levels. The differences between cells processed in both media were statistically not significant. Cell membrane deformability was tested by cell filtration. Cells processed in albumin‐HES had a shorter filtration time than those frozen in ACD plasma‐HES and this difference was statistically significant.
Detection and Quantitation of Bacteria in Platelet Products Stored at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Buchholz D. H. , Young V. M. , Friedman N. R. , Reilly J. A. , Mardiney M. R. 
Published: October 2009

A study of bacterial contamination in platelet products stored at ambient temperature demonstrated the presence of bacteria in 2.4 per cent of platelets as determined by culturing platelet pools. The recovery of bacteria increased as storage time prior to culture increased, which suggested bacterial proliferation during storage. While many of the bacteria recovered were normal skin flora, i.e., diphtheroids and Staphylococcus epidermidis, pathogens such as Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas spp. were recovered several times. Quantitative cultures were performed in the present study which demonstrated that most pools contained relatively few microorganisms, although some harbored more than 500 bacteria/ml after ambient temperature storage.The introduction of microorganisms during the pooling procedure can not be ruled out. Of 3,251 units not subjected to pooling, 45 (1.4%) were found to contain bacteria. Platelets kept at ambient temperature for 11 to 71 days were cultured and 38 of 631 (6.0%) individual units contained bacteria. Four additional severe patient reactions and two deaths have occurred consequent to transfusion of platelets contaminated with bacteria. These observations lead to the conclusion that caution should be exercised in the use of platelets stored at ambient temperature.
The Platelet Response to Hypotonic Shock. Its Value as an Indicator of Platelet Viability After Storage
Authors: Kim B. K. , Baldini M. G. 
Published: October 2009

The nature of the platelet response to osmotic shock and its relationship to platelet viability were studied. Light absorbancy changes of human platelet concentrates exposed to hypotonic shock were measured in a spectrophotometer: a sudden drop of light absorbancy was followed by a reversal of light absorbancy towards normal (reversal reaction).It was confirmed that the reversal reaction is a complex phenomenon dependent on the integrity of biochemical and enzymatic functions of the platelets. It was suppressed by glycolytic inhibitors and by SH‐blocking agents. Ouabain had no immediate effect, but with prolonged incubation it depressed the reaction. Suspension of the platelets in a protein‐free medium caused a rapid loss of the reversal reaction. Disappearance of the marginal bundle of microtubules by exposure to colchicine did not change the reaction leading to the hypothesis that microfibrils rather than the microtubules may have been responsible for the reversal reaction. The conclusion was derived that the reversal reaction is due to cell volume contraction for which integrity of the platelet contractile protein and energy availability are essential.Platelet storage at 4 C or at 22 C caused a progressive depression of the reversal reaction which was more severe in platelets preserved at 4 C than in those preserved at 22 C, and paralleled the loss of the platelet capacity to survive in vivo. Cryo‐protective agents (DMSO, DMAC and glycerol) partially inhibited the reversal reaction. Freezing with these agents caused a more severe depression of the reaction. The least depression was observed with 5 per cent DMSO. The results demonstrated that the reversal reaction is a valid and accurate in vitro indicator of in vivo platelet viability when the results to be compared are limited to a single method of storage. Usefulness of the reversal reaction is reduced when results obtained with different methods of storage are compared.
A Bradykinin‐Like Substance in Heat‐Treated Human Plasma Protein Solution
Authors: Izaka K. , Tsutsui E. , Mima Y. , Hasegawa E. 
Published: October 2009

The vasodepressive activity contained in a 5 per cent heat‐treated human plasma protein solution has been studied and found to be a bradykinin‐like substance. When the solution was injected intravenously into a dog at a dose of 125 to 214 mg protein per kg body weight, at a rate of 18 to 30 ml per minute, a decrease in arterial pressure of 11.5 to 25.0 per cent was observed.The solution also showed a marked contractile effect on smooth muscle of the isolated rat uterus. The extent of contraction was nearly equal to that caused by a bradykinin solution at a concentration of 25 to 125 ng/ml. The molecular weight of the vasodepressive substance is in the range of 1,000 to 10,000 as demonstrated by ultrafiltration. The substance was thermostable, dialyzable, and inactivated by carboxypeptidase B. Separation of the vasodepressive substance from the heat‐treated plasma protein was achieved either by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐50 or by selective adsorption. The active substance is probably bradykinin‐like, of molecular weight of 1,000 to 10,000, and contains lysine or arginine at its carboxyl terminal.
New method for detecting antiandrogenic effects through the measurement of external genitalia in rabbits
Authors: Inawaka Kunifumi , Kishimoto Noriyuki , Higuchi Hashihiro , Okamoto Takayuki , Kawamura Satoshi 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative evaluation method for detecting antiandrogenic activity of chemicals in rabbits that are regularly used for developmental toxicity studies. Kbl: New Zealand White rabbits (n = 8–9) were injected intramuscularly with an antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate (CA; 10 mg/kg body weight [BW]/day), on gestation days (GD) 13–24. On GD 29, live fetuses were obtained by cesarean section and sexed by examination of the internal genitalia. The external genitalia were evaluated in cross‐section measurements of the phallus by both diameter and width of the ventral gap of the preputial lamella with a micrometer under a stereoscopic microscope. The diameters of the preputial lamella were 1015 ± 83.5, 856 ± 64.0, and 865 ± 72.6 µm in control males, control females, and CA‐treated males, respectively. The ventral gaps of the preputial lamella were 26 ± 8.2, 437 ± 72.3, and 318 ± 59.4 µm in the control males, control females, and CA‐treated males, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in both parameters between control males and control females or CA‐treated males. The lower fetal BW in CA‐treated males did not disturb the detection of the feminization of the ventral gap of the preputial lamella; however, the diameter of the preputial lamella might be influenced by fetal BW because no difference in the relative diameter of the preputial lamella was found between control males and CA‐treated males.These results demonstrated that this approach could detect the antiandrogen activity of CA quantitatively by feminization of male external genitalia in rabbit fetuses.
No association between severe constipation with related drug treatment in pregnant women and congenital abnormalities in their offspring: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Ács Nándor , Bánhidy Ferenc , Puhó Erzsébet H. , Czeizel Andrew E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTConstipation is a common pathological condition in pregnant women; nevertheless, its possible association with structural birth defects (i.e. congenital abnormalities [CA]) in their offspring has not been studied in controlled epidemiological studies. We evaluated the possible association between severe constipation with laxative treatment in pregnant women and congenital abnormalities in their offspring. The dataset of the population‐based Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA) 1980–1996 contained 22 843 cases with CA and 38 151 matched controls without CA. Only pregnant women with prospectively and medically recorded constipation were included in the study and 13 CA groups were compared in cases and all their matched controls. A total of 78 (0.34%) cases had mothers with severe constipation and treatment during pregnancy compared to 144 (0.38%) controls (adjusted OR with 95% CI = 1.0, 0.7–1.3). Specified groups of CA were also assessed versus controls, but a higher occurrence of pregnant women with severe constipation and related treatment was not found in any CA group. Among laxative drugs, senna has no teratogenic potential; thus, if severe constipation requires laxative drug treatment in pregnant women, senna is not contraindicated. A higher rate of CA was not found in the offspring of pregnant women with severe constipation and related senna treatment.
Global gene profiling and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of a 46,XY female with pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome
Authors: Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Warita Katsuhiko , Tabuchi Yoshiaki , Takasaki Ichiro , Kondo Takashi , Sugawara Teruo , Hayashi Fumio , Wang Zhi‐Yu , Matsumoto Yoshiki , Miki Takanori , Takeuchi Yoshiki , Ebina Yasuhiko , Yamada Hideto , Sakuragi Noriaki , Yokoyama Toshifumi , Nanmori Takashi , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Kant Jeffrey A. , Hoshi Nobuhiko 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTXY females are rare individuals who carry a Y chromosome but are phenotypically female. In approximately 80–90% of these cases, there are no mutations in the SRY gene, a testis‐determining gene on the short arm of the Y chromosome, and the pathophysiology of XY females without SRY mutation remains unclear. In the present study, we used a molecular data mining technique to analyze the pathophysiology of an XY female with functional SRY and pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome, and compared the results with those of a normal male. Interestingly, upregulations of numerous genes included in the development category of the Biological Process ontology, including genes associated with sex determination and organ morphogenesis, were seen in the patient. Additionally, the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway, in which most cell–cell interactions during embryonic development are involved, were altered. Alterations in the expression of numerous genes at the developmental stage, including alterations at both the gene and pathway levels, may persist as a vestige of anomalies of sex differentiation that presumably began in the fetal period. The present study indicates that a data mining technique using bioinformatics contributes to identification of not only genes responsible for birth defects, but also disorders of sex development (DSD)‐specific pathways, and that this kind of analysis is an important tool for clarifying the pathophysiology of human idiopathic XY gonadal dysgenesis. Our findings could serve as one of the basic datasets which will be used for future follow‐up investigations.
Gender‐dependent differences in the incidence of ochratoxin A‐induced neural tube defects in the Pdn/Pdn mouse
Authors: Ueta Etsuko , Kodama Mami , Sumino Yoshiki , Kurome Maho , Ohta Ken‐ichi , Katagiri Ryu‐ichi , Naruse Ichiro 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTGenetic polydactyly/arhinencephaly mouse embryo, Pdn/Pdn, exhibits suppression of Gli3 gene expression. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a teratogen that causes neural tube defects (NTD) in mice. We investigated gender‐dependent differences in the incidence of NTD induced by OTA in the Pdn/Pdn mouse. After administering 2 mg/kg OTA to Pdn/+ female mice, mated with Pdn/+ males, on day 7.5 of gestation, we examined the genotypes, sex and NTD of fetuses on day 18. Non‐treated Pdn/Pdn had a 15.8% risk of NTD, and all NTD fetuses were female. When Pdn/Pdn embryos were exposed to OTA, the incidence of NTD increased to 16 (51.6%) of 31 Pdn/Pdn fetuses, and 10 (71.4%) of 14 male Pdn/Pdn fetuses exhibited NTD. From these results, it was speculated that NTD in OTA‐treated male Pdn/Pdn were due to the synergistic effect between depressed Gli3 and altered sex‐correlated gene expression from OTA treatment. After treatment with OTA, the embryos were recovered on day 9 and gene expressions, which were correlated with Gli3, telencephalic morphogenesis, formation of gonadal anlage, and gender‐dependent differentiation were investigated. From real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis results, it was suggested that the manifestation of NTD in the male OTA‐treated Pdn/Pdn might be due to the complicated altered gene expressions among Gli3, Wnt7b, Wnt8b, Fez1, Barx1, Lim1, Dmrt1, Igf1, Fog2, Dax1 and Sox9, and in particular, upregulation and gender‐dependent difference in Barx1 and gender‐dependent difference in Sox9 gene expressions might be noteworthy findings.