bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for the management of donkey jacks in intensive breeding systems
Authors: Canisso I. F. , Morel M. C. G. Davies , McDonnell S. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryDonkeys are bred throughout the world and often play an important role in agriculture. They are also bred to produce mules. Traditionally, jacks are considered challenging to breed in domestic conditions, whether for natural breeding or semen collection using either jennies or mares. The donkey's natural sexual behaviour significantly differs from that of other domestic animals. This presents challenges for in‐hand donkey breeding, particularly on mule studs where normally only jacks and mares are kept for breeding. This article describes some of the authors' observations on sexual behaviour in donkeys and practical experience of some of the strategies employed to apply this knowledge to breeding management, in order to improve the success of using donkeys for both natural service and semen collection.
Penetrating injury at the thoracic inlet in a Paint‐Arab mare
Authors: Rojman Y. R. , Newkirk E. S. , Grewal J. S. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryA 12‐year‐old Paint‐Arab mare was admitted for evaluation of a penetrating chest laceration at the thoracic inlet. The left brachiocephalic muscle was transected and the recurrent laryngeal nerve was traumatised. Subsequent to the injury, the horse developed Horner's syndrome on the left side of the neck and face,Grade IVleft laryngeal hemiplegia, dysphagia, cough and subcutaneous emphysema. The defect was closed in multiple layers. Antimicrobial and antiinflammatory therapy was instituted along with local wound care. The mare remained bright and responsive and the wound healed normally. The mare showed no signs of respiratory distress. Dysphagia and ptosis persisted at 30 days post trauma.
Children having children: Outcome of extreme teenage pregnancies (13–15 years)
Authors: PAPAMICHEAL ESTHER , PILLAI REKHA , YOONG WAI 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA case–control study was conducted to compare obstetric and fetal outcomes of teenage mothers ≤15 years (n=35) with those from older teenagers between 16 and19 years (n=35) and mothers between 20 and30 years (n = 35) matched for ethnicity and parity. Teenage mothers ≤15 years were significantly more likely to come from single‐parent families and twice as likely to have experienced childhood sexual or physical abuse compared to those over 16 years (both p <0.0001). They attended antenatal appointments later than older teenagers (23±7 weeks vs. 18±7 weeks, p <0.05), had fewer visits (p<0.05), were more likely to undergo emergency cesarean section (25.7% vs. 5.7% vs. 8.6%, p <0.05) and to have a higher rate of perineal trauma (45.7% vs. 20.0% vs. 25.7%, p<0.05). However, all three groups delivered babies of comparable birthweights (3.2±0.5 kg vs. 3.1±0.7 kg vs. 3.3±0.6 kg, p >0.05) at similar gestations (39±4 weeks vs. 39±2 weeks vs. 39±3 weeks, p >0.05).
Para‐aortic lymph node metastasis in malignant dysgerminoma of the ovary
Authors: KASENDA BENJAMIN , HARTER PHILIPP , HIRSCH TOBIAS , AST ALEXANDER , BUHRMANN CHRISTINE , GLASER FLORIAN , DU BOIS ANDREAS 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDysgerminomas comprise approximately 2–5% of all ovarian malignancies and mostly affect young adolescent women. Primary comprehensive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) are the current recommended treatment options, the latter reserved for advanced stages (FIGO II–IV).We report two patients aged 20 and 26 years who presented with an initial FIGO stage IA, but inadequately assessed. Both were subsequently diagnosed with recurrent malignant dysgerminoma and para‐aortic lymph node metastasis. Neither had received comprehensive staging at initial surgery nor adjuvant radio or chemotherapy. Both needed extensive surgery and multiagent chemotherapy for survival and belong to the small percentage of FIGO IA dysgerminoma patients showing a relapse. Comprehensive initial surgery including systematic para‐aortic lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy at tertiary referral centers is needed to minimize the treatment burden.
Systematic review of progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in singleton pregnancies
Authors: RODE LINE , LANGHOFF‐ROOS JENS , ANDERSSON CHARLOTTE , DINESEN JAKOB , HAMMERUM METTE SCHOU , MOHAPELOA HANNE , TABOR ANN 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. A Cochrane review in 2006 concluded that further knowledge is required before recommendation can be made with regard to progesterone in the prevention of preterm birth. Objective. To provide an update on the preventive effect of progesterone on preterm birth in singleton pregnancies. Search strategy. A search in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane database was performed using the keywords: pregnancy, progesterone, preterm birth/preterm delivery, preterm labor, controlled trial, and randomized controlled trial. Selection criteria. Studies on singleton pregnancies. Data collection and analysis. A meta‐analysis was performed on randomized trials including singleton pregnancies with previous preterm birth. Main results. Two new randomized controlled trials of women with previous preterm birth were added to the four analyzed in the Cochrane review, and the meta‐analysis of all six studies now showed that progesterone supplementation was associated with a significant reduction of delivery before 32 weeks and of perinatal mortality. Furthermore, a third trial showed a positive effect on women with a short cervix at 23 weeks, and a fourth study showed that progesterone reduces the risk of preterm delivery in women with preterm labor. Conclusions. In women with a singleton pregnancy and previous preterm delivery, progesterone reduces the rates of preterm delivery before 32 weeks, perinatal death, as well as respiratory distress syndrome and necrotizing enterocolitis in the newborn. Women with a short cervix or preterm labor may also benefit from progesterone, but further evidence is needed to support such a recommendation. Follow‐up studies should focus on possible metabolic complications in the mother or the offspring.
The Dutch Perinatal Audit Project: a feasibility study for nationwide perinatal audit in the Netherlands
Authors: DE REU PAUL , VAN DIEM MARIET , ESKES MARTINE , OOSTERBAAN HERMAN , SMITS LUC , MERKUS HANS , NIJHUIS JAN 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective. To investigate the feasibility of nationwide perinatal mortality audits in the Netherlands. Study design. Over a one‐year period, data for all cases of perinatal mortality were collected. Six perinatal audit panels of professionals within perinatal care investigated and classified causes of death and identified the presence of substandard care factors (SSF). Results. Out of 22,189 newborns, 228 cases of perinatal mortality were audited. Placental pathology, congenital anomalies and preterm birth were the main causes of perinatal death. SSF by caregivers were identified in 72 cases (32 %). Almost 20% of the cases were not reported. Conclusions. In the Netherlands, perinatal audit is well supported by all groups of caregivers. It reveals usable facts and findings for the quality assessment of perinatal care. This audit showed that in 9% of the cases perinatal death was related to SSF and potentially avoidable. However, immediate reporting of cases of perinatal death apart from regular registration in the perinatal database proved to be inaccurate. Once a nationwide audit program is realized, in which data from the different caregivers will be collected in a single database instead of collection by linkage afterwards, this problem should be solved. Local audits will start from 2009. These audits will assess mortality cases within their respective areas and may initiate adjustments for perinatal care and optimize the quality of care and inter‐professional collaboration. Yearly nationwide audits will focus on specific items (e.g. term or post‐term deliveries) and may well offer an opportunity for the development or adjustment of national guidelines.
Sex ratio and pregnancy complications according to mode of conception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: VANKY ESZTER , BACKE BJØRN , CARLSEN SVEN M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective. To investigate pregnancy complications and offspring sex ratio according to mode of conception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design. Retrospective, descriptive study. Setting. Tertiary, university hospital. Population. A total of 176 women with PCOS diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. Methods. Women with PCOS who have participated in one or more clinical studies were invited to answer a questionnaire on the mode of conception, pregnancy complications, gestational length and offspring gender. A total of 139 women responded. Data were quality checked against hospital files. Main outcome measures. Fertility, mode of conception, offspring gender and pregnancy complications. Results. More than half (54%) of the singleton pregnancies were conceived spontaneously. More complications were seen in pregnancies achieved while using metformin than without (p = 0.02). Compared to spontaneous conception, more boys than girls were born in singleton pregnancies after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmatic sperm injection treatment (p = 0.004). Conclusions. In women with PCOS the mode of conception may influence both the rate of pregnancy complications and the offspring sex ratio.
Personality traits associated with depressive and anxiety disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment
Authors: VOLGSTEN HELENA , EKSELIUS LISA , POROMAA INGER SUNDSTRÖM , SVANBERG AGNETA SKOOG 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective. To assess which personality traits are associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Design. Prospective study. Setting. A university hospital in Sweden. Population. A total of 856 eligible women and men, 428 couples, were approached to participate. Overall 643 (75.1%) subjects filled out the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality (SSP) questionnaire. The response rates were 323 women (75.5%) and 320 men (74.8%). Methods. The SSP, a self‐rating personality trait questionnaire, was used for evaluation. Main outcome measures. Personality traits associated with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Results. Higher mean scores on all neuroticism‐related personality traits were found in women and men with depressive and/or anxiety disorders compared to women and men with no diagnosis. High scores of neuroticism and a negative pregnancy test after IVF were associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders among women. Among men, high scores of neuroticism and unexplained or male infertility factor were associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders. High neuroticism scores were negatively associated with live birth (p < 0.05). Conclusion. High scores on neuroticism‐related personality traits were associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders in women and men undergoing IVF.
Characterizing breast cancer xenograft epidermal growth factor receptor expression by using near-infrared optical imaging
Authors: Wang Kezheng , Wang Kai , Li Weihual , Huang Tao , Li Renfei , Wang Dan , Shen Baozhong , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: December 2009

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is associated with several key features of cancer development and growth. Therefore, EGFR is a very promising biological target for tumor diagnosis and anticancer therapy. Characterization of EGFR expression is important for clinicians to select patients for EGFR-targeted therapy and evaluate therapeutic effects. Purpose: To investigate whether near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye Cy5.5-labeled anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody Erbitux can characterize EGFR expression level in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts using an in vivo NIR imaging method. Material and Methods: A fluorochrome probe was designed by coupling Cy5.5 to Erbitux through acidylation, and the fluorescence property of the Erbitux-Cy5.5 conjugate was characterized by fluorospectroscopy. Flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy were used to test the EGFR specificity of the antibody probe in vitro. Erbitux-Cy5.5 was also injected intravenously into immune-deficient mice bearing MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7 tumors. Whole-body and region-of-interest fluorescence images were acquired and analyzed. The EGFR expression was also analyzed and confirmed by immunohistochemical assay. Results: The maximum excitation/emission wavelength for the Erbitux-Cy5.5 probe was 674/697 nm, similar to that of free Cy5.5 (674/712 nm). Confocal microscopy confirmed receptor-specific uptake in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. In flow cytometry probe specificity assay, Erbitux-Cy5.5 showed a 9.32-fold higher affinity for MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7 cells. In vivo NIR imaging also indicated specific uptake in EGFR-positive tumors. Probe uptake rate and maximum intake dose in MDA-MB-231 were significantly higher than those in MCF-7 xenografts ( P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the in vivo imaging results, showing differentiated EGFR expression in MDA-MB-231 (+ + +) and MCF-7 (+) tumor tissues. Conclusion: Erbitux-Cy5.5 may be used as a specific NIR contrast agent for the noninvasive characterization of EGFR expression level in breast cancer xenografts.
Sonographic changes after removing all benign breast masses with sonographically guided vacuum-assisted biopsy
Authors: Ko Eun Sook , Han Heon , Lee Byung Hee , Choe Du Hwan 
Published: December 2009

Background: Total removal of benign breast masses by vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) is now increasingly accepted as a treatment option. However, little is known about whether this procedure produces early changes on follow-up sonography and, if so, how often and what factors might influence them. Purpose: To evaluate sonographic changes after total removal of benign breast masses using sonographically guided VAB and to determine the influencing factors. Material and Methods: We evaluated sonographic changes prospectively 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after biopsying 32 benign masses from which all sonographic evidence had been removed during sonographically guided directional VAB performed with 8- or 11-gauge needles. Procedural factors were documented and compared with sonographic findings. Results: At 1-week follow-up, hematomas were observed in 84% (27/32) of the lesions. After 1 month, while the hematomas had resolved in all but five lesions, focal new architectural distortion had developed in 26 (90%) lesions; 11 lesions were graded as severe, mimicking malignancy. After 6 months, 23 lesions with various degrees of architectural distortion were observed. Six of the 32 lesions (19%) contained a residual lesion. No statistically significant association between sonographic findings and procedural variables was identified, except between the degree of hematoma and lesion size. Conclusion: The total removal of benign breast masses using sonographically guided VAB frequently produces changes on follow-up sonography after 6 months. Although these changes failed to show statistical significance with procedural factors, a larger dedicated study is needed.
Multiple 18f-fdg, pet-ct for postoperative monitoring of breast cancer patients
Authors: Kurata A. , Murata Y. , Kubota K. , Osanai T. , Shibuya H. 
Published: December 2009

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) may be useful in the post-treatment follow-up of breast cancer patients. Purpose: To assess the usefulness of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT (PET-CT) for postoperative monitoring of breast cancer patients. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty-nine PET-CT studies performed on 55 female postoperative breast cancer patients (median age 56 years, range 36–86 years) were analyzed. The median interval between the PET-CT studies was 6 months (range 1–15 months). In order to determine the usefulness of serial PET-CT examinations in the postoperative follow-up of breast cancer patients, the PET-CT findings were compared with the physical findings, findings obtained by other imaging modalities, and the 18F-FDG-PET (PET) findings. Results: The PET findings were negative in 4 metastatic bone lesions with a positive bone scan. The PET findings were also negative in 6 of 9 osteogenic bone metastases and one of 64 osteolytic bone lesions. There were 5 cases with false-positive of PET, which were determined to be areas of soft-tissue hyperactivity. All false-positive/-negative findings were corrected by the addition of CT. Conclusion: The results of this study lend support to the clinical role of PET-CT in the postoperative follow-up/monitoring of breast cancer patients.
Ictal spect using an attachable automated injector: clinical usefulness in the prediction of ictal onset zone
Authors: Lee Jung-Ju , Lee Sang Kun , Choi Jang Wuk , Kim Dong-Wook , Park Kyung Il , Kim Bom Sahn , Kang Hyejin , Lee Dong Soo , Lee Seo-Young , Kim Sung Hun , Chung Chun Kee , Nam Hyeon Woo , Kim Kwang Ki 
Published: December 2009

Background: Ictal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a valuable method for localizing the ictal onset zone in the presurgical evaluation of patients with intractable epilepsy. Conventional methods used to localize the ictal onset zone have problems with time lag from seizure onset to injection. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of a method that we developed, which involves an attachable automated injector (AAI), in reducing time lag and improving the ability to localize the zone of seizure onset. Material and Methods: Patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) between January 1, 2003, and June 30, 2008, were included. The definition of ictal onset zone was made by comprehensive review of medical records, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), data from video electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, and invasive EEG monitoring if available. We comprehensively evaluated the time lag to injection and the image patterns of ictal SPECT using traditional visual analysis, statistical parametric mapping-assisted, and subtraction ictal SPECT coregistered to an MRI-assisted means of analysis. Image patterns were classified as localizing, lateralizing, and nonlateralizing. The whole number of patients was 99: 48 in the conventional group and 51 in the AAI group. Results: The mean (SD) delay time to injection from seizure onset was 12.4±12.0 s in the group injected by our AAI method and 40.4±26.3 s in the group injected by the conventional method ( P=0.000). The mean delay time to injection from seizure detection was 3.2±2.5 s in the group injected by the AAI method and 21.4±9.7 s in the group injected by the conventional method ( P=0.000). The AAI method was superior to the conventional method in localizing the area of seizure onset (36 out of 51 with AAI method vs. 21 out of 48 with conventional method, P=0.009), especially in non-temporal lobe epilepsy (non-TLE) patients (17 out of 27 with AAI method vs. 3 out of 13 with conventional method, P=0.041), and in lateralizing the seizure onset hemisphere (47 out of 51 with AAI method vs. 33 out of 48 with conventional method, P=0.004). Conclusion: The AAI method was superior to the conventional method in reducing the time lag of tracer injection and in localizing and lateralizing the ictal onset zone, especially in patients with non-TLE.
Computer-aided detection in digital mammography: false-positive marks and their reproducibility in negative mammograms
Authors: Kim Seung Ja , Moon Woo Kyung , Seong Min Hyun , Cho Nariya , Chang Jung Min 
Published: December 2009

Background: There are relatively few studies reporting the frequency of false-positive computer-aided detection (CAD) marks and their reproducibility in normal cases. Purpose: To evaluate retrospectively the false-positive mark rate of a CAD system and the reproducibility of false-positive marks in two sets of negative digital mammograms. Material and Methods: Two sets of negative digital mammograms were obtained in 360 women (mean age 57 years, range 30–76 years) with an approximate interval of 1 year (mean time 343.7 days), and a CAD system was applied. False-positive CAD marks and the reproducibility were determined. Results: Of the 360 patients, 252 (70.0%) and 240 (66.7%) patients had 1–7 CAD marks on the initial and second mammograms, respectively. The false-positive CAD mark rate was 1.5 (1.1 for masses and 0.4 for calcifications) and 1.4 (1.0 for masses and 0.4 for calcifications) per examination in the initial and second mammograms, respectively. The reproducibility of the false-positive CAD marks was 12.0% for both mass (81/680) and microcalcification (33/278) marks. Conclusion: False-positive CAD marks were seen in approximately 70% of normal cases. However, the reproducibility was very low. Radiologists must be familiar with the findings of false-positive CAD marks, since they are very common and can increase the recall rate in screening.
Tears of the supraspinatus tendon: assessment with indirect magnetic resonance arthrography in 67 patients with arthroscopic correlation
Authors: Van Dyck P. , Gielen J. L. , Veryser J. , Weyler J. , Vanhoenacker F. M. , Van Glabbeek F. , De Weerdt W. , Maas M. , van der Woude H.-J. , Parizel P. M. 
Published: December 2009

Background: Magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography is generally regarded as the gold standard for shoulder imaging. As an alternative to direct MR arthrography, the less invasive indirect MR arthrography technique was proposed, offering logistic advantages because fluoroscopic or ultrasonographic guidance for joint injection is not required. Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of indirect MR arthrography in the diagnosis of full- and partial-thickness supraspinatus tears in a symptomatic population. Material and Methods: Two radiologists with different levels of experience independently and retrospectively interpreted indirect MR (1.5T) arthrograms of the shoulder obtained in 67 symptomatic patients who underwent subsequent arthroscopy. On MR, the supraspinatus tendon was evaluated for full- or partial-thickness tear. With arthroscopy as the standard of reference, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of indirect MR arthrography in the detection of full- and partial-thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon was calculated. Kappa (κ) statistics were used for the assessment of the agreement between arthroscopic and imaging findings and for the assessment of interobserver agreement. Results: For full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon, sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies exceeded 90% for both observers, with excellent interobserver agreement (κ = 0.910). For partial-thickness tears, sensitivities (38–50%) and accuracies (76–78%) were poor for both reviewers, and interobserver agreement was moderate (κ = 0.491). Discrepancies between MR diagnosis and arthroscopy were predominantly observed with small partial-thickness tears. Conclusion: Indirect MR arthrography is highly accurate in the diagnosis of full-thickness rotator cuff tears. However, the diagnosis of partial-thickness tears with indirect MR arthrography remains faulty, because exact demarcation of degenerative change and partial rupture is difficult. On the basis of the above findings, we do not recommend indirect MR arthrography on patients for whom rotator cuff disease is suspected clinically.