bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplasma membrane electron transport comes in two flavors
Authors: Lane Darius J. R. , Lawen Alfons 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAll tested cells possess transplasma membrane electron transfer (tPMET) systems that are capable of reducing extracellular electron acceptors at the cost of cytosolic electron donors. In mammals, classically NAD(P)H‐ and NADH‐dependent systems have been distinguished. The NADH‐dependent system has been suggested to be involved in non‐transferrin‐bound iron (NTBI) reduction and uptake. Recently we reported that transplasma membrane ascorbate/dehydroascorbate cycling can promote NTBI reduction and uptake by human erythroleukemia (K562) cells (D.J.R. Lane and A. Lawen,J Biol Chem283 (2008), 12701‐12708). This system, involves i) cellular import of dehydroascorbate, ii) intracellular reduction of dehydroascorbate to ascorbate using metabolically‐derived reducing equivalents, iii) export of ascorbate down its concentration gradient, iv) direct reduction of low molecular weight iron chelates by ascorbate, and v) uptake of iron (II) into the cell. We here propose the consideration of this system as a novel form of tPMET which shares with classical enzyme‐mediated tPMET systems the net transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytoplasmic compartment to the extracellular space, but lacks the involvement of the plasma membrane oxidoreductases responsible for the latter. Thus, transplasma membrane electron transfer can and does occur at two mechanistically distinct levels: i) enzyme‐mediated transmembrane electron transfer and ii) transmembrane metabolite shuttling/cycling.
Effect of Ccapsaicin on tNOX (ENOX2) protein expression in stomach cancer cells
Authors: Wang Hsi‐Ming , Chueh Pin Ju , Chang Sheng‐Pang , Yang Chi‐Lien , Shao Kuo‐Ning 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTumor‐associated NADHoxidase (tNOX, also known as ENOX2) is a growth‐related protein expressed in transformed cells. Previous reports have revealed that the inhibition of tNOX activity by the anti‐cancer drug, capsaicin, correlates with a reduction in growth of cancer cells, indicating a close relationship between tNOX activity and cell growth. Moreover, the study of depleted tNOX expression by RNA interference in HeLa cells suggests that it may be associated with the ability of tumor cells to acquire an aggressive phenotype, particularly in relation to cell proliferation. A key role for tNOX in regulating cell growth is further supported by the observation that the growth rate of MEF cells from tNOX‐overexpressing transgenic mice is approximately two‐fold greater than that of wild‐type cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti‐proliferative effect of capsaicin on tNOX expression level in stomach cancer cells. We showed that capsaicin induced cytotoxicity in SCM cells concomitantly with apoptosis, PARP cleavage, and down‐regulation of tNOX protein.
Cancer cells with high expression of CD133 exert FLIP upregulation and resistance to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Stantic Marina , Dong Lan‐Feng , Zobalova Renata , Prokopova Katerina , Neuzil Jiri 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt is increasingly accepted that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are rather resistant to apoptosis to various inducers, including the immunological apoptogen TRAIL. Here we show that cancer cells with high expression of CD133, a marker that is often associated with CSCs, are resistant to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis, compared to their CD133‐low counterparts. We show that this resistance can be ascribed to the high expression of FLIP, an inhibitor of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, in CD133‐high cells. Downregulation of FLIP by siRNA in CD133‐high cells sensitised them to TRAIL killing. Thus, CD133‐high cells may be resistant to TRAIL due to high expression of FLIP.
Downstream targets of altered sphingolipid metabolism in response to inhibition of ENOX2 by phenoxodiol
Authors: De Luca Thomas , Morré Dorothy M. , Bosneaga Elena , Morré D. James 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPhenoxodiol, an ENOX2 inhibitor, alters cytosolic NADH levels to initiate a regulatory cascade linking sphingolipid metabolism and the PI3K/Akt pathway to programmed cell death. Specifically, the pyridine nucleotide products of plasma membrane redox, NAD+ and NADH, directly modulate in a recriprocal manner two key plasma membrane enzymes. NADH stimulation of sphingomyelinase and NADH inhibition of sphingosine kinase potentially lead to G1 arrest (increase in ceramide) and apoptosis (loss of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate). The findings link plasma membrane electron transport and the anticancer action of several clinically‐relevant anticancer agents targeted to ENOX2 such as phenoxodiol. Growth inhibition by phenoxodiol is unaffected by inhibitors of protein or mRNA synthesis. Findings with okadiaic acid, an inhibitor of serine/threonine phosphatases, suggest that hyperphosphorylation of intracellular substrates does not affect the action of phenoxodiol on ENOX2. Our findings and those of others are consistent with operation of the FAS signaling pathway of apoptosis and its suppression by sphingosine‐1‐phosphate. The prevailing hypothesis is that products of Akt activation, c‐FLIP and XIAP, which exhibit anticaspase activities to block FAS signaling when sphingosine‐1‐phospate is elevated, are down regulated to permit apoptosis when sphingosine‐1‐phosphate is decreased by inhibition of sphingosine kinase under conditions of elevated cytosolic NADH associated with anticancer drug inhibition of ENOX2.
Gendered dynamics of abuse and violence in families: considering the abusive household gender regime
Authors: Morris Anne 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDespite evidence that child abuse and woman abuse often occur in the one household, responses to violence have generally focused on either women or children. The concept of an abusive household gender regime (AHGR) was developed through research on maternal alienation, the undermining of mother‐child relationships by perpetrators of violence. The concept of the AHGR allows a comprehensive understanding of the operation of gender and violence and the ways in which these impact on all household members and their relationships. An AHGR is characterised by perpetrators' imposition of a coercive web‐like regime on household members and the interlocking of many forms of abuse, which entrap victims. Perpetrators employ gendered constructions that demean women and advantage men. Resistance to the idea that fathers can be dangerous to their children bolsters the position of abusive fathers, and illustrates how there is minimisation or denial of men's responsibility for violence at all levels. Understanding gender, power and the AHGR allows the development of practice that combines child protection with woman protection, responds more holistically to the multi‐abuses perpetrated on family members and assists women and children together to recover from violence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of molecular markers to assess cardiac cushions formation in Xenopus
Authors: Lee Young‐Hoon , Saint‐Jeannet Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe valves and septa of the mature heart are derived from the cardiac cushions, which develop from discrete swellings in two regions of developing heart tube: the atrioventricular (AV) canal and the ventricular outflow tract (OFT). In higher vertebrates, three distinct lineages contribute to the heart valves and septa, the endocardium, the myocardium, and the cardiac neural crest that will populate the cardiac jelly of the OFT. Very little is known about cardiac cushions development in amphibians. Here, we describe the expression of eight genes during key stages of cardiac cushion development in Xenopus. Among these genes, the Wnt antagonist Frzb1 and the transcription factors Xl‐Fli, Sox8, Sox9, and Sox10 are differentially expressed in the mesenchyme of the OFT and AV cushions. These genes can be used in combination with lineage‐tracing experiments to determine the embryonic origin of the cardiac cushions mesenchyme in Xenopus. Developmental Dynamics 238:3257–3265, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of flooding on inter‐annual and seasonal variability of lake water chemistry, phytoplankton diatom communities and macrophyte biomass in the Slave River Delta (Northwest Territories, Canada)
Authors: Sokal Michael A. , Hall Roland I. , Wolfe Brent B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWater chemistry, macrophyte biomass and planktonic diatom communities were monitored seasonally over 3 years (2003–2005) from six hydrologically diverse lakes to assess the role of river flooding on inter‐annual and seasonal variability of conditions in lakes of the Slave River Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada. Results indicate that river flooding was the dominant hydrological process controlling the temporal dynamics of the physical and chemical conditions, planktonic diatom communities and macrophyte biomass in lakes of the Slave River Delta. In the absence of river flooding, lakes had relatively high concentrations of nutrients and low concentrations of most ions, but when flooded, concentrations of nutrients decreased and ions increased. The physical and chemical conditions in frequently flooded and non‐flooded lakes were relatively stable from year to year, whereas lakes that were intermittently flooded fluctuated widely depending on whether or not they flooded. Spring flooding from the Slave River introduced planktonic, centric diatoms that persisted only for a few weeks in the water column before settling out. Non‐flooded lakes lacked planktonic diatoms. River flooding also reduced water transparency, which decreased macrophyte biomass, while lakes that did not flood exhibited higher macrophyte biomass and clear waters. This research provides insights into the factors that control the hydroecological variability of northern deltaic landscapes, and further improves our understanding of the complex interactions among hydrology, limnology and aquatic ecology, ultimately contributing to an improved scientific basis for future resource management decisions in the Slave River Delta and analogous systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Selective Three‐Step Synthesis of Rhein in Chloroaluminate Molten Salt: Preclusion of the Hayashi Rearrangement
Authors: Gonnot Vanessa , Antheaume Cyril , Nicolas Marc , Mioskowski Charles , Baati Rachid 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn expeditious, three‐step synthesis of rhein (2) was optimized starting from bis(N,N‐diethyl)‐5‐methoxybenzene‐1,3‐dicarboxamide. The key final step, involving deprotection/cyclization of ortho‐benzoylbenzoic acid 9 in acidic chloroaluminate molten salts, yielded the desired natural product with high selectivity and good overall yield by precluding the competitive Hayashi rearrangement.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A New Kinetic‐Mechanistic Approach to Elucidate Formaldehyde Electrooxidation on Copper Electrode
Authors: Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Khalilzadeh Balal , Shadjou Nasrin , Karim‐Nezhad Ghasem , Saghatforoush Lotfali , Kazeman Isa , Abnosi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2009

AbstractElectrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde was investigated on copper electrode in alkaline solution. The process of oxidation involved and its kinetics were established by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry as well as steady state polarization measurements. In cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies, in the presence of formaldehyde the peak current increase of the oxidation of Cu(III) is followed by a decrease in the corresponding cathodic current. A new mechanism based on the electrochemical generation of Cu(III) active sites and their subsequent consumption by the formaldehyde in question was also investigated.
Alternative tilts for nonparametric option pricing
Authors: Haley M. Ryan , Walker Todd B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study generalizes the nonparametric approach to option pricing of Stutzer, M. (1996) by demonstrating that the canonical valuation methodology introduced therein is one member of the Cressie–Read family of divergence measures. Alhough the limiting distribution of the alternative measures is identical to the canonical measure, the finite sample properties are quite different. We assess the ability of the alternative divergence measures to price European call options by approximating the risk‐neutral, equivalent martingale measure from an empirical distribution of the underlying asset. A simulation study of the finite sample properties of the alternative measure changes reveals that the optimal divergence measure depends upon how accurately the empirical distribution of the underlying asset is estimated. In a simple Black–Scholes model, the optimal measure change is contingent upon the number of outliers observed, whereas the optimal measure change is a function of time to expiration in the stochastic volatility model of Heston, S. L. (1993). Our extension of Stutzer's technique preserves the clean analytic structure of imposing moment restrictions to price options, yet demonstrates that the nonparametric approach is even more general in pricing options than originally believed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:983–1006, 2010
Cortical representation of verbs with optional complements: The theoretical contribution of fMRI
Authors: Shetreet Einat , Friedmann Naama , Hadar Uri 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVerbs like “eat” are special in that they can appear both with a complement (e.g., “John ate ice‐cream”) and without a complement (“John ate”). How are such verbs with optional complements represented? This fMRI study attempted to provide neurally based constraints for the linguistic theory of the representation of verbs with optional complements. One linguistic approach suggests that the representation of these verbs in the lexicon includes two complementation frames (one with and one without the complement), similarly to verbs that allow two different types of complements (e.g., discover). Another approach assumes that only one frame is represented (with a complement) and, when the complement is omitted, the relevant thematic role is saturated, either lexically or syntactically. We compared the patterns of cortical activation of verbs with optional complements to verbs that take either one or two frames and to verbs with one or two complements. These comparisons—together with prior findings regarding the cortical activation related to the number of complementation frames and the number of complements—were used to decide between the theoretical approaches. We found support for the idea that verbs with optional complements have only one frame and that a lexical operation enables complement omission. We also used fMRI in the traditional manner and identified the fusiform gyrus and the temporo–parieto–occipital junction as the regions that participate in the execution of the omission and saturation of optional complements. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of metachronous esophageal squamous carcinoma in patients with head and neck cancer with use of transnasal esophagoscopy
Authors: Su Yan‐Ye , Fang Fu‐Min , Chuang Hui‐Ching , Luo Sheng‐Dean , Chien Chih‐Yen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe use of transnasal esophagoscopy was examined for detecting metachronous esophageal squamous carcinoma in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsIn all, 398 transnasal esophagoscopies were performed in 293 previously treated patients with HNSCC between December 2007 and January 2009.ResultsMetachronous esophageal squamous carcinoma was detected in 15 (5.1%) patients. The prevalence rate was 15.9% (7/44) in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, significantly higher than the 8.3% (2/24) with laryngeal, 7.1% (3/42) with oropharyngeal, and 1.6% (3/183) with oral cancer (p = .001). The stage distributions of esophageal squamous carcinoma were I–II in 12 (80%) and III–IV in 3 (20%) patients. Subsequently, curative strategies were performed in 13 (87%) patients.ConclusionsTransnasal esophagoscopy can be used as a routine survey technique in patients with HNSCC to detect metachronous esophageal squamous carcinoma, especially in those with hypopharyngeal cancer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Immunostaining patterns of CD31 and podoplanin in previously untreated advanced oral/oropharyngeal cancer: Prognostic implications
Authors: Bolzoni Villaret Andrea , Schreiber Alberto , Facchetti Fabio , Fisogni Simona , Lonardi Silvia , Lombardi Davide , Cocco Daniela , Redaelli de Zinis Luca Oscar , Nicolai Piero 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis patterns in advanced oral/oropharyngeal cancer by immunohistochemical techniques.MethodsForty‐five patients with advanced oral/oropharyngeal cancer, treated by primary surgery between January 1996 and December 2005, were selected. All cases were followed for at least 24 months. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were evaluated with antibodies against CD31 and podoplanin, respectively. Survival outcomes were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method, whereas univariate comparisons were obtained by log‐rank, chi‐square, and Mann–Whitney tests.ResultsSurvival correlated with the area of peritumoral blood vessels (p = .02), whereas the number of intratumoral lymphatics (p = .02) correlated with the occurrence of nodal metastasis. The risk for distant metastasis correlated with the perimeter of intratumoral lymphatics (p = .02).ConclusionsPeritumoral angiogenesis presented different expression patterns between survivors and patients who died of disease. Intratumoral lymphangiogenesis was correlated with a higher risk of developing lymph node (LN) and distant metastasis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Investigation of heat transfer in a geometry with variable cross section
Authors: Alipanah M. , Ganji D.D. , Farnad E. , Babaei K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the thermal conductivity that plays an important role in heat transfer efficiency is investigated. He's homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Adomian decomposition method (ADM) are applied to the nonlinear heat transfer equations and the comparison between results is illustrated within several plots. Here, thermal conductivity has been considered as a function of temperature. Also the variable heat generation has been taken into account. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20266 Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the sliding and profile of a liquid droplet on a rotating disk
Authors: Katoh Kenji , Higashine Mituyoshi , Wakimoto Tatsuro , Masuda Ryohei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis theoretical and experimental study was conducted to investigate the critical condition at which a liquid droplet starts to move on a rotating disk. The critical rotational speed ω was theoretically calculated based on the force balance between the surface tension and the centrifugal force, where ω was experimentally measured for each combination between three kinds of test plates and test liquids. The movements of droplets were judged from the careful observation of infinitesimal motion of the three‐phase contact line. The calculated rotational speeds agreed well with measured ones for arbitrary contact angle when the droplets were set on the plate. The three‐dimensional surface profiles of droplets were calculated from the approximate Laplace equation in which the contact line was assumed as the combination of two ellipses with different ratio of measure to minor axis. The measured profiles on the rotating disk were approximated well by the method proposed in this study. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20276
Temperature measurements near a heating surface at high heat fluxes in subcooled pool boiling
Authors: Ono Ayako , Sakashita Hiroto 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn previous papers (Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 2008;50:3481–3489, 2009;52: 814–821), the authors conducted measurements of liquid–vapor structures in the vicinity of a heating surface for subcooled pool boiling on an upward‐facing copper surface by using a conducting probe method. We reported that the macrolayer dryout model is the most appropriate model of the CHF and that the reason why the CHF increases with increasing subcooling is most likely that a thick macrolayer is able to form beneath large vapor masses and the lowest heat flux of the vapor mass region shifts towards the higher heat flux. To develop a mechanistic model of the CHF for subcooled boiling, therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the effects of local subcooling on boiling behaviors in the vicinity of a heating surface. This paper measured local temperatures close to a heating surface using a micro‐thermocouple at high heat fluxes for water boiling on an upward‐facing surface in the 0 to 40 K range of subcooling. A value for the effective subcooling, defined as the local subcooling during the period while vapor masses are being formed was estimated from the detected bottom peaks of the temperature fluctuations. It was established that the effective subcooling adjacent to the surface remains at considerably lower values than the bulk liquid subcooling. This suggests that, from nucleation to coalescence, the subcooling of a bulk liquid has a smaller effect on the behavior of primary bubbles than the extent of the subcooling would appear to suggest. An empirical correlation of the effective subcooling is proposed to provide a step towards quantitative modeling of the CHF for subcooled boiling. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20277
Effects of overlying velocity, particle size, and biofilm growth on stream–subsurface exchange of particles
Authors: Arnon Shai , Marx Lisa P. , Searcy Kristin E. , Packman Aaron I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStream–subsurface exchange strongly influences the transport of contaminants, fine particles, and other ecologically relevant substances in streams. We used a recirculating laboratory flume (220 cm long and 20 cm wide) to study the effects of particle size, overlying velocity, and biofilm formation on stream–subsurface exchange of particles. Sodium chloride was used as a non‐reactive dissolved tracer and 1‐ and 5‐µm fluorescent microspheres were used as particulate tracers. Surface–subsurface exchange was observed with a clean sand bed and a bed colonized by an autotrophic–heterotrophic biofilm under two different overlying velocities, 0·9 and 5 cm s−1. Hydrodynamic interactions between the overlying flow and sand bed resulted in a reduction of solute and particle concentrations in the water column, and a corresponding accumulation of particles in both the sediments and in the biofilm. Increasing overlying velocity and particle size resulted in faster removal from the overlying water due to enhanced mass transfer to the bed. The presence of the biofilm did not affect solute exchange under any flow condition tested. The presence of the biofilm significantly increased the deposition of particles under an overlying velocity of 5 cm s−1, and produced a small but statistically insignificant increase at 0·9 cm−1. The particles preferentially deposited within the biofilm matrix relative to the underlying sand. These results demonstrate that hydrodynamic transport conditions, particle size, and biofilm formation play a key role in the transport of suspended particles, such as inorganic sediments, particulate organic matter, and pathogenic microorganisms in freshwater ecosystems, and should be taken into consideration when predicting the fate and transport of particles and contaminants in the environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.