bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regenerative medicine: then and now – an update of recent history into future possibilities
Authors: Polykandriotis E. , Popescu L. M. , Horch R. E. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Regeneration in the ancient world
Regeneration in early research
Tissue engineering
The era of regenerative medicine
Regenerative medicine today
Conclusion

The fields of tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine (RegMed) are yet to bring about the anticipated therapeutic revolution. After two decades of extremely high expectations and often disappointing returns both in the medical as well as in the financial arena, this scientific field reflects the sense of a new era and suggests the feeling of making a fresh start although many scientists are probably seeking reorientation. Much of research was industry driven, so that especially in the aftermath of the recent financial meltdown in the last 2 years we have witnessed a biotech asset yard sale. Despite any monetary shortcomings, from a technological point of view there have been great leaps that are yet to find their way to the patient. RegMed is definitely bound to play a major role in our life because it embodies one of the primordial dreams of mankind, such as: everlasting youth, flying, remote communication and setting foot on the moon. The Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine has been at the frontier of these developments in TE and RegMed from its beginning and reflects recent scientific advances in both fields. Therefore this review tries to look at RegMed through the keyhole of history which might just be like looking ‘back to the future’.
Energy intake misreporting among children and adolescents: a literature review
Authors: Forrestal Sarah G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhile adults' energy intake misreporting is a well‐documented phenomenon, relatively little is known about the nature and extent of misreporting among children and adolescents. Children's and adolescents' dietary reporting patterns are likely to be distinct because of their ongoing cognitive and social development. These developmental differences present unique challenges to aspects of dietary reporting, such as food knowledge, portion size estimation and response editing. This review of 28 articles describes energy intake misreporting among children and adolescents. Like adults, children and adolescents tended to underreport energy, with the largest biases observed with food records. Even when mean reported energy intake was close to its expected value, approximately half of all individuals were classified as misreporters, and overreporting appeared to be more common than it is among adults. Associations between numerous characteristics and misreporting were explored in the literature, with the most consistent findings for age and adiposity. Two predictors for adults, gender and social desirability, were not consistent factors among children and adolescents. The review concludes by highlighting knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research and practice.
Understanding baby boomers’ expectations and plans for their retirement: findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Quine Susan , Bernard Diana , Kendig Hal 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To explore the range of expectations and plans for retirement of Australian baby boomers in order to inform policy. Methods:  A qualitative study of participants recruited to 12 focus groups in NSW in 2004, grouped by socioeconomic status, gender and geographical location. Topics raised included work, retirement and financial and other planning. Transcriptions of the sessions were analysed manually to identify the range of views on each topic and any variation by the selected study variables. Results:  Although some baby boomers had planned for their retirement many had not. Socioeconomic status was the most important variable associated with planning. Conclusions:  The findings increase our understanding of how baby boomers from different backgrounds are thinking and planning for their retirement. Baby boomers from low socioeconomic backgrounds consider that responsibility for retirement funding should rest either solely, or partially, with the government as they have not had time to accumulate sufficient superannuation.
Australian patterns of practice survey in the adjuvant systemic treatment of early breast cancer
Authors: DAVIS Alison J , CRAFT Paul , YIP Desmond 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  The aim was to examine patterns of practice in the adjuvant systemic treatment of early breast cancer in order to determine consistency of practice, areas of controversy and whether practice is evidence based.Methods:  A survey was sent to all Medical Oncologists listed with the Medical Oncology Group of Australia (n = 291) in September 2003. Demographics and information on the use of aids to assist clinical decision making were obtained. Seven short case scenarios were provided and oncologists asked what systemic treatment they would recommend (outside a clinical trial), for a woman with no significant comorbidities.Results/Conclusion:  There were 106 replies (36%); 81 (28%) treating women with early breast cancer. Demographic data was available for 80/81 respondents and treatment details on all 81. The majority treated more than 20 patients/year; 52/80 (65%). Respondents represented a reasonable cross section of Australian oncologists with approximately 25% responding from most states and higher rates from several smaller states. Forty‐nine (61%) used prognostic tables or aids. The responses received suggest that practice patterns in Australia are consistent with current evidence and in general comply with international guidelines. There was a tendency to treat patients at high risk with anthracyclines and with higher doses and longer courses. Younger patients were treated more aggressively. A greater variety of regimens were recommended for very high risk patients suggesting a lack of consensus. Of concern, a small proportion recommended tamoxifen for estrogen receptor‐negative disease and others did not recommend its use for estrogen receptor‐positive disease.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer: Is cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5‐fluorouracil still the standard?
Authors: STUART‐HARRIS Robin , ODELL Helen , STURGISS Elizabeth 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Oral cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5‐fluorouracil (CMF) was one of the first combination chemotherapy regimens used as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. The value of CMF in reducing both recurrence and mortality from early breast cancer has been firmly established by the overviews of randomized trials of polychemotherapy, which have used CMF as their standard. The purpose of this review is to review the usage of oral CMF and the variants of CMF and to compare both the activity and side‐effects of CMF with more modern adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.Results:  There are many variants of CMF but oral (or classical) CMF is probably more effective than intravenous (i.v.) CMF, at least in metastatic disease. When oral CMF is used in early breast cancer it reduces the annual hazard of recurrence by 24% and the annual hazard of mortality by 14% overall, although it appears more effective in younger patients. Anthracycline‐based regimens are more effective for reduction of recurrence and mortality than CMF but are associated with more severe acute toxicities and potentially greater risks of long‐term toxicities. Taxane‐based regimens have not been compared with CMF directly; however, in comparison with anthracycline‐based regimens, the early information suggests that taxane‐based regimens may be even more effective. The acute toxicities of taxane‐based regimens are probably less severe than anthracycline‐based regimens, but their long‐term toxicities are less well defined.Conclusion:  Oral CMF as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer is the standard by which newer regimens are compared. Although newer regimens appear more effective than CMF, they may be associated with greater acute and potentially greater long‐term toxicities than CMF. Thus, CMF remains the standard by which future regimens should be judged, either directly or indirectly.
Primary carcinomas of the trachea: Natural history, treatment and results
Authors: WU Kai‐Liang , JIANG Guo‐Liang , FU Xiao‐Long , ZHOU Yuen‐Zhong , LIU Tai‐Fu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrimary tracheal tumors are rare. Understanding of the disease is limited and the optimal management has not been determined. To discover its natural history, and to confirm the efficacy of our treatment, we retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcome of 40 patients who were treated in our hospitals. Twenty‐eight patients were male and 12 female, with a median age of 47 years. Fifteen patients had adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), 14 squamous cell carcinoma, eight adenocarcinoma, two small cell carcinoma, and one mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Thirty‐two of the 40 patients underwent surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy. Six patients were treated with radiotherapy only and two patients with surgical resection alone. The median survival time was 3.3 years. The survival rates at 1 year, 5 years and 10 years were 86, 59, and 29%, respectively. Four patients were found to develop secondary primary carcinomas in five locations. In conclusion, surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy was an effective mode of treatment for locally advanced tracheal carcinoma. Although late local recurrence after the first course of treatment was a feature of this tumor, excellent long‐term palliation was commonly achieved after a 2nd course of treatment.
Risk factors for nipple involvement in breast cancer patients
Authors: KARANIKOLIC Aleksandar , KATIC Vuka , PESIC Miomir , DJORDJEVIC Nebojsa , FILIPOVIC Sladjana , ILIC Ratko 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction: A clinically normal‐appearing nipple in patients with breast cancer may contain unsuspected neoplastic cells. Preservation of a nipple containing occult malignancy could potentially increase local recurrence rates and affect disease‐free survival. Consequently, patients considered for breast conservation operations with nipple preservation must be carefully selected.Methods: Information available on 382 patients diagnosed and treated with breast cancer at the Clinical Center Nis from 2000 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate hazard analyses was used to assess the association between potential risk factors of cancerous nipple involvement.Results: The frequency of nipple involvement was 12.04%. Nearly half of the patients had disease stage III and IV. Most patients, 29 (63.04%), had a tumor to nipple distance of less then 2 cm. Twenty‐five patients (54.34%) had more then four positive axillary nodes. A central/overlap tumor location was present in 28 (60.87%) patients. Cox multivariate analysis of prognostic factors showed that Stage III (RH 4.79 (1.50–14.68, 1.50–14.72);P= 0.008), central/overlap tumor location (RH 3.28 (0.90–11.20);P= 0.078) and nuclear grade III or greater (RH 2.26 (0.79 to 6.65);P= 0.065) had a statistically significant effect on malign nipple involvement.Conclusions: The multivariable model used in this study showed a significant association between stage, centrally located tumors and nuclear grade III or greater in predicting the risk of cancerous nipple involvement. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan examinations are recommended for treatment planning of breast cancer, in particular nipple preserving surgery in patients with central/overlap tumor localization and with a tumor to nipple distance of less than 2 cm.
Odontoid fracture in multiple myelomas
Authors: KASHYAP Rajesh , KUMAR Raj 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFracture of the odontoid process as the primary presentation of multiple myelomas is rare. The management of this condition in an elderly patient presents a great challenge. We report a 60‐year‐old man who presented with fracture of the odontoid process of the C 2 vertebra with multiple myelomas.
Sunitinib malate in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Recommendations for patient management*
Authors: DESAI Jayesh , GURNEY Howard , PAVLAKIS Nick , McARTHUR Grant A , DAVIS Ian D 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSunitinib malate (SU011248, Sutent®[Pfizer]) is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with efficacy against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Sunitinib has been approved by various regulatory authorities for treatment of advanced RCC and unresectable and/or malignant GIST following failure of imatinib mesylate treatment due to resistance or intolerance. Sunitinib is generally well tolerated, with most side‐effects being mild to moderate. The most common adverse events are lethargy, diarrhea, stomatitis, hand–foot syndrome and hypertension. Uncommon but important adverse effects are hypothyroidism and hematological toxicity (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia), which require monitoring. Caution is recommended when using concurrent inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4. The frequency and severity of side‐effects often correlates with increased drug exposure. In clinical trials, side‐effects seldom led to treatment discontinuation. This paper summarizes the published literature and provides recommendations for patient assessments and management of treatment‐related side‐effects.
Effect of Waterlase laser retrograde root‐end cavity preparation on the integrity of root apices of extracted teeth as demonstrated by light microscopy
Authors: Wallace James A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMost endodontists use ultrasonic instruments for retrograde root‐end cavity preparations even though they have been found to produce cracks. In this laboratory study, thirty‐six randomly chosen roots had root‐end cavity preparations made with the Waterlase laser and only one questionable intra‐canal crack was found. It was concluded that the Waterlase laser when used to make endodontic root‐end cavity preparations produces either no cracks, or a very low percentage (2.8%) of cracks.
Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of four medicaments used as intracanal medication
Authors: Pallotta Raul C. , Ribeiro Mariangela S. , De Lima Machado Manoel E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of iodoform, calcium hydroxide, IKI (iodine potassium iodine) and CFC (ciprofloxacin, Flagyl (metronidazole) and calcium hydroxide) required to kill S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and B. fragilis. In the experiment, medicaments were added to bacterial species into test tubes, in 10 different concentrations. The MIC was the lowest concentration of the drug at which bacterial growth could not be observed. In this investigation, CFC was the most effective medicament against all bacteria. All drugs were able to eliminate E. faecalis and B. fragilis, while IKI was not effective against S. aureus. IKI and calcium hydroxide were not able to eliminate P. aeruginosa as well.
Psychosocial interventions as adjunct therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review
Authors: DISSANAYAKE Rukmal Kumari , BERTOUCH James V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  To identify the psychological interventions for which there is consistent, high quality evidence of efficacy in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Method:  A computer‐aided search and manual screening of identified papers was conducted. Randomised controlled trials published in English in peer‐reviewed journals, assessing the use of psychological interventions in adult patients with RA were included.Results:  Thirty‐four papers published between 1981 and 2009 encompassing 31 studies with 2021 patients were included. There is consistent supportive evidence for the efficacy of disclosure therapy (four studies) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with maintenance therapy (five studies). There is supportive evidence for improvement with CBT of greater than 6 weeks duration (six studies) in the short‐term but conflicting evidence for its long‐term efficacy. There is some evidence for improvement with biofeedback‐based interventions (two studies). There is conflicting evidence for the benefits of counselling (three studies), psychotherapy (two studies) mindfulness and meditation (two studies), and CBT of less than 6 weeks duration (six studies). There is limited evidence regarding relaxation therapy (two studies). Methodological limitations of the reviewed literature included failure of allocation concealment, blinding and conduction of intention‐to‐treat analysis, as well as the heterogeneity and choice of outcome measures.Conclusions:  This review shows consistent supportive evidence for the use of disclosure therapy, and CBT with maintenance therapy as adjunct therapies in patients with RA. It also highlights methodological limitations in the current literature and the need for future research in this area.
Prevalence and predictors of osteoporosis in an urban Sri Lankan population
Authors: KARUNANAYAKE Aranjan Lionel , PINIDIYAPATHIRAGE Mohitha Janani , WICKREMASINGHE Ananda Rajitha 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in both women and men and to determine the association between osteoporosis and selected risk factors among a sample of urban Sri Lankan adults.Methods:  The population aged 35–64 years residing in 22 Grama Niladhari divisions, the smallest administrative units in the country, of the Medical Officer of Health area Ragama, Sri Lanka, was identified using the electoral list and stratified into three age groups (n = 3012). A random sample was obtained from each stratum and selected individuals were invited to participate in the study (n = 1100). A structured, interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic data and details of risk factors. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a peripheral dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan in 700 subjects (64%). A BMD < −2.5 was considered as osteoporosis. Although peripheral DEXA is less sensitive and specific compared to central DEXA it was used in this study as it is less costly and easily transportable.Results:  Of the 700 subjects who consented to participate in the study, 60% (n = 421) were females. In subjects < 50 years, 9% of women and 3% of men had osteoporosis. In subjects ≥ 50 years, 27% of women and 7% of men had osteoporosis. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 12.0), smoking (OR 5.5), age > 50 years (OR 3.1), low BMI (OR 3.1) and low level of education (OR 1.7) were positively associated with osteoporosis.Conclusions:  Female sex, age, BMI, smoking and level of education were significant predictors of osteoporosis. The prevalence of osteoporosis increased in both women and men after 50 years.
Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in plasma and selected body fluids of healthy horses after a single intravenous dose
Authors: PINTO N. , SCHUMACHER J. , TAINTOR J. , DEGRAVES F. , DURAN S. , BOOTHE D. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:No studies have determined the pharmacokinetics of low‐dose amikacin in the mature horse.Objectives:To determine if a single i.v. dose of amikacin (10 mg/kg bwt) will reach therapeutic concentrations in plasma, synovial, peritoneal and interstitial fluid of mature horses (n = 6).Methods:Drug concentrations of amikacin were measured across time in mature horses (n = 6); plasma, synovial, peritoneal and interstitial fluid were collected after a single i.v. dose of amikacin (10 mg/kg bwt).Results:The mean ± s.d. of selected parameters were: extrapolated plasma concentration of amikacin at time zero 144 ± 21.8 µg/ml; extrapolated plasma concentration for the elimination phase 67.8 ± 7.44 µg/ml, area under the curve 139 ± 34.0 µg*h/ml, elimination half‐life 1.34 ± 0.408 h, total body clearance 1.25 ± 0.281 ml/min/kg bwt; and mean residence time (MRT) 1.81 ± 0.561 h. At 24 h, the plasma concentration of amikacin for all horses was below the minimum detectable concentration for the assay. Selected parameters in synovial and peritoneal fluid were maximum concentration (Cmax) 19.7 ± 7.14 µg/ml and 21.4 ± 4.39 µg/ml and time to maximum concentration 65 ± 12.2 min and 115 ± 12.2 min, respectively. Amikacin in the interstitial fluid reached a mean peak concentration of 12.7 ± 5.34 µg/ml and after 24 h the mean concentration was 3.31 ± 1.69 µg/ml. Based on a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 µg/ml, the mean Cmax : MIC ratio was 16.9 ± 1.80 in plasma, 4.95 ± 1.78 in synovial fluid, 5.36 ± 1.10 in peritoneal fluid and 3.18 ± 1.33 in interstitial fluid.Conclusions:Amikacin dosed at 10 mg/kg bwt i.v. once a day in mature horses is anticipated to be effective for treatment of infection caused by most Gram‐negative bacteria.Potential relevance:Low dose amikacin (10 mg/kg bwt) administered once a day in mature horses may be efficacious against susceptible microorganisms.
Differential Phenotypic Diversity among Epidemic-Spanning
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Enteritidis Isolates from Humans or Animals
Authors: Yim Lucía , Betancor Laura , Martinez Arací , Giossa Gerardo , Bryant Clare , Maskell Duncan , Chabalgoity Jose A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Nontyphoidal salmonellae are major causes of food-borne disease worldwide. In Uruguay,
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis was the most commonly isolated serovar throughout the last decade, with a marked epidemic period between 1995 and 2004. In a previous study, we conducted comparative genomics of 29 epidemic-spanning
S.
Enteritidis field isolates, and here we evaluated the pathogenic potential of the same set of isolates using several phenotypic assays. The sample included 15 isolates from human gastroenteritis, 5 from invasive disease, and 9 from nonhuman sources. Contrary to the genetic homogeneity previously observed, we found great phenotypic variability among these isolates. One-third of them were defective in at least one assay, namely, 10 isolates were defective in motility, 8 in invasion of Caco-2 cells, and 10 in survival in egg albumen. Twelve isolates were tested for invasiveness in 3-day-old chickens, and five of these were significantly less invasive than the reference strain. The two oldest preepidemic isolates were reduced in fitness in all assays, providing a plausible explanation for the previous negligible incidence of
S.
Enteritidis in Uruguay and supporting the view that the introduction or emergence of a more virulent strain was responsible for the marked rise of this serovar. Further, we found differences in fitness among the isolates which depended on the source of isolation. A total of 1 out of 14 isolates from human gastroenteritis, but 6 out of 13 isolates from other sources, was impaired in at least two assays, suggesting enhanced fitness among strains able to cause intestinal disease in humans.
Diversity and Abundance of Zoonotic Pathogens and Indicators in Manures of Feedlot Cattle in Australia
Authors: Klein Marcus , Brown Leearna , Tucker Robyn W. , Ashbolt Nicholas J. , Stuetz Richard M. , Roser David J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of 10 pathogens and three fecal indicators was assessed by quantitative PCR in manures of Australian feedlot cattle. Most samples tested positive for one or more pathogens. For the dominant pathogens
Campylobacter jejuni
,
Listeria monocytogenes
,
Giardia
spp.,
Cryptosporidium
spp., and
eaeA
-positive
Escherichia coli
, 10
2
to 10
7
genome copies g
−1
(dry weight) manure were recovered.