bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mospd1, a new player in mesenchymal versus epidermal cell differentiation
Authors: Thaler R. , Rumpler M. , Spitzer S. , Klaushofer K. , Varga F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMospd1 codes for a small protein with unknown physiological function, which is part of a family of genes, including Mospd2 and Mospd3, defined by the presence of the major sperm protein domain and two transmembrane domains. This work characterizes the Mospd1 gene, the intracellular location of the protein and its expression in different mouse tissues and mesenchymal cell lines during differentiation. The role of Mospd1 in mesenchymal cellular differentiation was studied by siRNA knockdown experiments in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. Transfection experiments of the targeted cDNA show MOSPD1 located in the endoplasmatic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus. Removal of the last exon of the gene resulted in localization of the protein in the nucleus, which was attributed to a nuclear export sequence in the N‐terminal part. In mouse tissues the gene was generally strongly expressed while mesenchymal tissues showed the highest expression. In mesenchymal cell lines Mospd1 mRNA was higher expressed in cells with advanced differentiation status. In osteoblastic, myoblastic, and adipocytic cell lines Mospd1 was up‐regulated during differentiation. Genome‐wide gene expression analysis after knockdown of Mospd1 by siRNA in MC3T3‐E1 cells revealed a shift in the gene expression pattern from mesenchymal to epithelial genes featuring up‐regulation of the epithelial cadherin Cdh1 and down‐regulation of its inhibitors Snail1 and 2 and the mesenchymal cadherin Cdh11, suggesting a mesenchymal to epithelial transition. From these data we conclude that Mospd1 plays a pivotal role in the developmental regulation at the switch between mesenchymal and epithelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2505–2515, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of butanol in the development of sustainable fuel technologies
Authors: Harvey Benjamin G. , Meylemans Heather A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOVERVIEW: The development of innovative methods to efficiently convert biomass to fuels and industrial chemicals is one of the grand challenges of the current age. n‐Butanol is a versatile and sustainable platform chemical that can be produced from a variety of waste biomass sources. The emergence of new technologies for the production of fuels and chemicals from butanol will allow it to be a significant component of a necessarily dynamic and multifaceted solution to the current global energy crisis.IMPACT: The production of butanol from biomass and its utilization as a precursor to a diverse set of fuel products has the potential to reduce petroleum use worldwide. In concert with other emerging renewable technologies, significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions may be realized. The rapid incorporation of renewables into the world fuel supply may also help to offset predicted increases in transportation fuel prices as the supply of oil declines.APPLICATIONS: Recent work has shown that butanol is a potential gasoline replacement that can also be blended in significant quantities with conventional diesel fuel. These efforts have transitioned to research focused on the development of viable methods for the production of an array of oxygenated and fully saturated jet and diesel fuels from butanol. The technologies discussed in this paper will help drive the commercialization and utilization of a spectrum of butanol based sustainable fuels that can supplement and partially displace conventional petroleum derived fuels. Published 2010 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Human activity and anomalously warm seasons in Europe
Authors: Christidis Nikolaos , Stott Peter A. , Jones Gareth S. , Shiogama Hideo , Nozawa Toru , Luterbacher Jürg 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSeasonal mean temperatures averaged over the European region have warmed at a rate of 0.35–0.52 K/decade since 1980. The last decade has seen record‐breaking seasonal temperatures in Europe including the summer of 2003 and the spring, autumn, and winter of 2007. Previous studies have established that European summer warming since the early twentieth century can be attributed to the effects of human influence. The attribution analysis described here employs temperature data from observations and experiments with two climate models and uses optimal fingerprinting to partition the climate response between its anthropogenic and natural components. These responses are subsequently combined with estimates of unforced climate variability to construct distributions of the annual values of seasonal mean temperatures with and without the effect of human activity. We find that in all seasons, anthropogenic forcings have shifted the temperature distributions towards higher values. We compute the associated change in the likelihood of having seasons whose temperatures exceed a pre‐specified threshold. We first set the threshold equal to the seasonal temperature observed in a particular year to assess the effect of anthropogenic influences in past seasons. We find that in the last decade (1999–2008) it is extremely likely (probability greater than 95%) that the probability has more than doubled under the influence of human activity in spring and autumn, while for summer it is extremely likely that the probability has at least quadrupled. One of the two models employed in the analysis indicates it is extremely likely the probability has more than doubled in winter too. We also compute the change in probability over a range of temperature thresholds which enables us to provide updates on the likely change in probability attributable to human influence as soon as observations become available. Such near‐real time information could be very useful for adaptation planning. © Crown Copyright 2010. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal and interannual variability of surface heat and freshwater fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea: budgets and exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar
Authors: Criado‐Aldeanueva Francisco , Soto‐Navarro F. Javier , García‐Lafuente Jesús 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSeveral NCEP climatological datasets have been combined to analyse the seasonal and interannual variations of the heat and water budgets in the Mediterranean Sea, and compare the long‐term means with direct measurements in the Strait of Gibraltar. The seasonal cycle of the net heat is positive (toward the ocean) between March and September with maximum in June and negative the rest of the year with minimum in December. Although subject to inherent uncertainty, we obtain a practically neutral budget of 0.7 Wm−2 in a yearly basis. The net heat budget is positive for the western Mediterranean (∼12 Wm−2) and negative for the eastern Mediterranean (∼− 6.4 Wm−2) mainly due to the high latent heat losses of this basin. The evaporation minus precipitation (E–P) freshwater deficit has a seasonal cycle with a range of variation about 600 mm·y−1, maximum in August–September and minimum in May. The long‐term mean of the basin‐averaged deficit is 680 ± 70 mm·y−1 but it is almost 70% greater in the eastern Mediterranean due to higher E and lower P in this basin. Combining the climatological values with in situ measurements in Espartel sill, a mean inflow through the Strait of Gibraltar of 0.82 ± 0.05 Sv is obtained and a salinity ratio Sin/Sout = 0.956. A heat advection Qa = 3.2 ± 1.5 Wm−2 through the Strait of Gibraltar has been obtained that, combined with the long‐term averaged surface heat flux, implies that the net heat content of the Mediterranean Sea would have increased in the last decades. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
General expression for the depolarization ratio for first‐order collision‐induced light scattering
Authors: Senchuk A. , Tabisz G. C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA general expression that involves only the ranks of the molecular polarizabilties of the two molecules involved in a pair interaction yielding translational and rotational collision‐induced light scattering (CILS) is obtained. It may be used to investigate the behaviour of individual interactions that contribute to the incremental collision‐induced pair polarizability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based metabolic profiling to elucidate chemical differences of tobacco leaves between Zimbabwe and China
Authors: Li Qinghua , Zhao Chunxia , Li Yong , Chang Yuwei , Wu Zeming , Pang Tao , Lu Xin , Wu Yi , Xu Guowang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn approach was developed for extracting and analyzing the chemical components of tobacco leaves based on solvent extraction and rapid & resolution liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis. Two solvents with different polarities were used to extract hydrophilic components and hydrophobic components, respectively, the combined analytical data can provide a “global” view of metabolites. Based on the evaluation of parallel samples, it was found that this approach provided good repeatability, accurate and reliable profiling data, and is suitable for the metabolomics study of tobacco leaves. In order to find the chemical component differences of tobacco leaves, 56 samples from Zimbabwe and China were analyzed using the developed method. The metabolite data were processed by multivariate statistic technique; an obvious group classification between Zimbabwe and China was observed, 14 significantly changed compounds were found, and 9 of them were identified.
ISIDA Property‐Labelled Fragment Descriptors
Authors: Ruggiu Fiorella , Marcou Gilles , Varnek Alexandre , Horvath Dragos 
Published: December 2010

AbstractISIDA Property‐Labelled Fragment Descriptors (IPLF) were introduced as a general framework to numerically encode molecular structures in chemoinformatics, as counts of specific subgraphs in which atom vertices are coloured with respect to some local property/feature. Combining various colouring strategies of the molecular graph – notably pH‐dependent pharmacophore and electrostatic potential‐based flagging – with several fragmentation schemes, the different subtypes of IPLFs may range from classical atom pair and sequence counts, to monitoring population levels of branched fragments or feature multiplets. The pH‐dependent feature flagging, pursued at the level of each significantly populated microspecies involved in the proteolytic equilibrium, may furthermore add some competitive advantage over classical descriptors, even when the chosen fragmentation scheme is one of the state‐of‐the‐art pattern extraction procedures (feature sequence or pair counts, etc.) in chemoinformatics. The implemented fragmentation schemes support counting (1) linear feature sequences, (2) feature pairs, (3) circular feature fragments a.k.a. “augmented atoms” or (4) feature trees. Fuzzy rendering – optionally allowing nonterminal fragment atoms to be counted as wildcards, ignoring their specific colours/features – ensures for a seamless transition between the “strict” counts (sequences or circular fragments) and the “fuzzy” multiplet counts (pairs or trees). Also, bond information may be represented or ignored, thus leaving the user a vast choice in terms of the level of resolution at which chemical information should be extracted into the descriptors. Selected IPLF subsets were – tree descriptors, in particular – successfully tested in both neighbourhood behaviour and QSAR modelling challenges, with very promising results. They showed excellent results in similarity‐based virtual screening for analogue protease inhibitors, and generated highly predictive octanol‐water partition coefficient and hERG channel inhibition models.
Clinical and pathological features in 15 Chinese patients with calpainopathy
Authors: Luo Su‐Shan , Xi Jian‐Ying , Lu Jia‐Hong , Zhao Chong‐Bo , Zhu Wen‐Hua , Lin Jie , Wang Yin , Ren Hui‐Min , Yin Bo , Andoni Urtizberea J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground: Calpainopathy is comprised of a group of myopathies caused by deficiency in calcium‐activated, neutral protease (calpain‐3). In this study we identify calpainopathy in a cohort of Chinese patients with unclassified myopathy and analyze its clinical and pathological features. Methods: Sixty‐six muscle biopsies were selected for combined Western blotting of dysferlin and calpain‐3 after immunohistochemical staining. Clinical and pathological parameters of 15 confirmed calpainopathy cases were determined. Results: The diagnosis of calpainopathy in 15 Chinese patients was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Fourteen subjects had progressive proximal muscle weakness; 1 presented with bilateral distal muscle atrophy of the lower extremities. Scapular winging was observed in 12 patients (80%), and joint contractures were found in 10 others (66.7%). Histopathological studies showed a high prevalence of lobulated fibers (66.7%). Conclusions: Chinese patients with calpainopathy share some common clinical and pathological features with the reported characteristics of non‐Chinese patients. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Prognostic impact of MYCN, DDX1, TrkA, and TrkC gene transcripts expression in neuroblastoma
Authors: Souza Daniela Raguer Valadão de , Sanabani Sabri Saeed , Souza Ana Carolina Mamana Fernandes de , Odone Vicente Filho , Epelman Sidnei , Bendit Israel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this study were to define the mRNA expression profiles of MYCN, DDX1, TrkA, and TrkC in biopsy tumor samples from 64 Brazilian patients with neuroblastomas of different risk stages and to correlate altered expression with prognostic values.ProcedurePatients were retrospectively classified into low‐ (n = 11), intermediate‐ (n = 18), and high‐risk (n = 35) groups using standard criteria. The mRNA levels of the above genes were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Univariate analyses were performed and survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsOf the 64 patients, 53% were female and 62.5% were older than 18 months. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 40.3%, with inferior median OS in patients identified in the intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups. A significant difference in OS with respect to TrkA mRNA expression was found for the high‐risk group vs. either the low‐ or intermediate‐risk groups (P < 0.01, log rank test). Within the intermediate‐risk group, neuroblastoma patients with positive TrkA mRNA expression had better clinical outcomes than patients with no TrkA transcript expression (P = 0.004). Another difference in OS was only found between the intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups (P < 0.027, log rank test). No significant correlation of mRNA expression and survival outcome could be detected for the MYCN, DDX1.ConclusionsPositive expression of TrkA mRNA may be a clinically useful addition to the current risk classification system, allowing the identification of NB tumors with favorable prognosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:749–756. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Valproate attenuates the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with epilepsy: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Hansen Peter Riis , Abildstrøm Steen Zabell , Andersson Charlotte , Weeke Peter , Schmiegelow Michelle , Erdal Jesper , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurposePatients with epilepsy have increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Valproate can exert anti‐atherosclerotic effects. We therefore examined the risk of MI in patients with epilepsy receiving valproate.MethodsTwo cohorts of patients with valproate‐treated epilepsy and sex‐ and age‐matched individuals (controls) from the general Danish population were identified by individual‐level‐linkage of nationwide registries and followed for 10 years. The two cohorts comprised patients treated with valproate at baseline and valproate‐naïve patients initiating treatment in the study period, respectively. The hazard ratios (HR) of MI and all‐cause death were estimated by two different Cox proportional‐hazard models; valproate treatment was analysed as a baseline categorical covariate in the first cohort and as a time‐dependent exposure covariate in the second cohort.ResultsThe two cohorts comprised 53 086 and 102 003 individuals, respectively. In the first cohort, the risk of MI was decreased (HR 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.59−0.97) while the risk of all‐cause death was increased (HR 2.11, 95% confidence interval 1.95−2.28), compared to the controls. In the second cohort, the risk of MI was decreased (HR 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.53−0.73) while the risk of all‐cause death was similar to the controls (HR 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.97−1.07).ConclusionsIn this nationwide pharmacoepidemiological study, we found a consistent association between valproate treatment and a reduced risk of MI in patients with epilepsy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of silicon nanocrystals for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Moore D. , Krishnamurthy S. , Chao Y. , Wang Q. , Brabazon D. , McNally P. J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOver the last decade the progress in amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon (nc‐Si) for photovoltaic applications received significant interest in science and technology. Advances in the understanding of these novel materials and their properties are growing rapidly. In order to realise nc‐Si in the solar cell, a thicker intrinsic layer is required. Due to the indirect band gap in the crystallites, the absorption coefficients of nc‐Si are much lower. In this work we have used electrochemical etching techniques to produce silicon nanocrystals of the sizes 3–5 nm. Viable drop cast deposition of Si nanocrystals to increase the thickness without compromising the material properties was investigated by atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, photoemission spectroscopy and optical absorption methods.
Microwave behavior in CoFe‐based single‐ and two‐phase magnetic microwires
Authors: El Kammouni Rhimou , Infante Germán , Torrejón Jacob , Britel Mohammed Reda , Brigui Jamal , Vázquez Manuel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), spectra in the frequency range up to 12 GHz has been investigated as a function of applied DC magnetic field (up to 80 kA/m) for single‐phase CoFe‐based Pyrex‐coated microwire as well as for biphase microwires after depositing an outer shell, with hard (CoNi) and soft (FeNi) magnetic character, respectively. In addition, a parallel study on the low‐frequency magnetic hysteresis loop of all these samples has been performed. In particular, we have focused on the influence of the thickness of the insulating Pyrex layer and magnetic character of the outer magnetic phase. For single‐phase microwires, the increase of the Pyrex thickness results in a continuous strengthening of the circular magnetoelastic anisotropy of the CoFe‐based core as deduced from FMR and confirmed by low‐frequency measurements. For biphase microwires three absorption peaks are observed: two of them can be ascribed to each magnetic phase since FMR frequencies obey the Kittel condition for a thin film. A third absorption peak is observed at lower frequencies that does not follow such an equation and can be ascribed to a pure geometrical effect of these biphase microwires.
Evaluation of use of magnetically bistable microwires for magnetic labels
Authors: Gudoshnikov Sergey , Usov Nikolai , Zhukov Arcady , Zhukova Valentina , Palvanov Pavel , Ljubimov Boris , Serebryakova Olga , Gorbunov Sergey 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe dynamics of the magnetization reversal by means of head‐to‐head domain‐wall propagation is investigated both experimentally and theoretically for magnetic labels made from Fe‐rich bistable glass‐coated microwires. It is shown that the amplitudes of the electromagnetic harmonics generated by bistable Fe‐rich magnetic labels of the length 1–4 cm with metallic nuclear diameter of 10–20 µm are more than 5 times larger than that of similar labels made of Co‐rich microwires having high permeability and low coercive force. The electromagnetic harmonics can be detected at the distances up to 15–20 cm from the magnetic label at the signal‐to‐noise ratio not lower than 2.0.
Mathematical Modeling of VOD Oxygen Nozzle Jets
Authors: Song Zhili , Ersson Mikael , Jönsson Pär 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study has focused on numerically exploring the oxygen flow in the convergent‐divergent De Laval nozzle. The De Laval nozzle has been commonly used as oxygen outlet at the lance tip in the vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) process. The nozzle geometry used in an active VOD plant was investigated by isentropic nozzle theory as well as by numerical modeling. Since an optimal nozzle design is only valid for a certain ambient pressure, one VOD nozzle will be less efficient for a large part of the pressure cycle. Different ambient pressures were used in the calculations that were based on the De Laval nozzle theory. Flow patterns of the oxygen jet under different ambient pressures were studied and the flow information at different positions from the nozzle was analyzed. In addition, the study compared the effects of different ambient temperatures on jet velocity and dynamic pressure. The predictions revealed that the modeling results obtained with the CFD modeling showed incorrect flow expansion, which agreed well with the results from the De Laval theory. Moreover, a little under‐expansion is somewhat helpful to improve the dynamic pressure. The jet dynamic pressure and its width for the specific nozzle geometry have also been studied. It has been observed that an altering ambient pressure can influence the jet momentum and its width. In addition, a high ambient temperature has a positive effect on the improvement of the jet dynamic pressure.
A Study on the Electrochemical Deoxidation Using ZrO2 Based Solid Electrolyte and a Periodic DC Voltage
Authors: Kim Wook , Min Dong Joon 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn electrochemical deoxidation using a ZrO2 based solid electrolyte was investigated to control the interfacial oxygen concentration between the molten steel and ZrO2. The electrochemical deoxidation cell consisted of an MgO stabilized ZrO2 and an external power supply. In a previous study with constant external DC voltage, the oxygen concentration at the interface between the solid electrolyte and the molten steel was decreased to 2.2 ppm, which was the limit caused by the cathodic over‐potential when a constant external DC voltage was applied.In the present study, a novel process of using a periodic or cyclic voltage for the electrochemical deoxidation cell was developed, to surpass this limitation caused by the over‐optential of the electrochemical cell and thus decreasing the oxygen concentration to sub‐ppm levels at the interface between the molten Fe and the solid electrolyte.
A Chemical Approach of the Molecular Entity Vacancy Model to the CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 Ternary Silicate Melt
Authors: Tao Dong‐Ping 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA chemical approach of the molecular entity vacancy model (MEVM) to the CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 ternary silicate melts has been suggested. The activities of all components in the melts were simultaneously predicted by using only the binary parameters of its sub‐binary melts which were determined by fitting the activities of their two components. The results indicated that the predicted values of activity of SiO2 were in good agreement with the experimental data at both temperatures 1823 K and 1873 K, and those of CaO and Al2O3 were in reasonable agreement with the experimental data at 1823 K and were smaller than the graphical integration data of the Gibbs‐Duhem equation at 1873 K. The approach may be extended to some solution systems with the chemical interaction.