bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiatives to improve lung and sleep health in children: Delphi consensus from the pediatrics, pulmonary, and sleep conference
Authors: DeBoer Emily M. , Smith Brandon M. , Williamson Ariel A. , Tapia Ignacio E. , Gaffin Jonathan M. , Hamlington Katharine L. , Zeeman Jacqueline M. , McLaughlin Jacqueline , Hatch Joseph , Davis Stephanie D. , Flower Kori B. , Tschudy Megan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe lung and sleep health of adults is heavily influenced by early factors, both genetic and environmental; therefore, optimizing respiratory health begins in childhood. Multiple barriers impede improvements in lung and sleep health for children. First, the traditional siloing between general pediatric care in the community, pediatric pulmonary and sleep subspecialty care, and the research community limits the translation of knowledge into practice. Additionally, identifying and addressing health disparities remains a challenge. The 2021 NHLBI‐sponsored workshop “Defining and Promoting Pediatric Pulmonary Health (DAP3H)” was a first step in defining critical gaps in our current healthcare system in identifying and optimizing lung and sleep health in children. The workshop identified key opportunities including measuring pulmonary function in young children, sleep‐focused outcomes, developing biomarkers, and longitudinal research cohorts. To expand on the work of DAP3H and continue initiatives to improve childhood lung and sleep health, the Pediatrics & Pulmonary Network: Improving Health Together conference was held in 2023.Study DesignA modified Delphi process was applied to form consensus surrounding gaps, barriers, and action items, with the goal of identifying the most urgent opportnities for improving childhood lung and sleep health.ResultsCross‐cutting foundational principles were identified as: (1) Authentic Stakeholder Collaboration & Engagement, (2) Reach & Implementation in Real World Settings, (3) Understanding Current Landscape & Resources and (4) Purposeful Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion Initiatives.ConclusionsTo improve lung and sleep health in children, these principles should be the foundation for research design, development, and implementation.
The impact of screening for tuberculosis exposure in the household in children with tuberculosis disease: A difficult riddle to solve
Authors: Ozbakir Hincal , Guner Ozenen Gizem , Ergun Deniz , Kacar Pelin , Gulderen Mustafa , Yilmaz Celebi Miray , Ozer Arife , Akaslan Kara Aybuke , Bayram Nuri , Devrim İlker 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) infection is transmitted by sharing the same airway with people with active TB. Children are often not considered the source of TB bacilli, and index case investigation is carried out after diagnosis. Here, we describe the impact of the presence of a household index case on childhood TB disease.MethodsThe data of patients aged between 1 month and 18 years who were diagnosed with TB were collected. We compared patients according to whether they had an index case in the household or not.ResultsA total of 202 TB patients were enrolled, of whom 62 (30.7%) had a household index case. There was no significant difference in having a household index case between TB patients under the age of five (23.3%) and older children (33.8%) (p = .140). Pulmonary TB was present in 61.4% of the cases, and extrapulmonary TB was present in 38.6% of the cases. The rate of patients who had a household index case was significantly higher in pulmonary TB (46.8%) compared to extrapulmonary TB (5.1%) (p < .001). Pulmonary TB patients with a history of household contact were more likely to have diagnostic radiological findings (93.1%) compared to those without (75.8%) (p = .009). However, pulmonary TB patients without household contact history had a higher rate of diagnostic microbiological findings (59.1%) and constitutional symptoms (63.6%) (p = .019 and p = .013, respectively).ConclusionHousehold contact research is an important epidemiological tool. However, considering the contact rates in the household, new and more comprehensive public health programs are required to prevent the spread of childhood tuberculosis.
Non-invasive quantification of stem cell-derived islet graft size and composition
Authors: Lithovius Väinö , Lahdenpohja Salla , Ibrahim Hazem , Saarimäki-Vire Jonna , Uusitalo Lotta , Montaser Hossam , Mikkola Kirsi , Yim Cheng-Bin , Keller Thomas , Rajander Johan , Balboa Diego , Barsby Tom , Solin Olof , Nuutila Pirjo , Grönroos Tove J. , Otonkoski Timo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) are being used as cell replacement therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes. Non-invasive long-term monitoring methods for SC-islet grafts, which are needed to detect misguided differentiation in vivo and to optimise their therapeutic effectiveness, are lacking. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to monitor transplanted primary islets. We therefore aimed to apply PET as a non-invasive monitoring method for SC-islet grafts.

Methods
We implanted different doses of human SC-islets, SC-islets derived using an older protocol or a state-of-the-art protocol and SC-islets genetically rendered hyper- or hypoactive into mouse calf muscle to yield different kinds of grafts. We followed the grafts with PET using two tracers, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-binding [18F]F-dibenzocyclooctyne-exendin-4 ([18F]exendin) and the dopamine precursor 6-[18F]fluoro-l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ([18F]FDOPA), for 5 months, followed by histological assessment of graft size and composition. Additionally, we implanted a kidney subcapsular cohort with different SC-islet doses to assess the connection between C-peptide and stem cell-derived beta cell (SC-beta cell) mass.

Results
Small but pure and large but impure grafts were derived from SC-islets. PET imaging allowed detection of SC-islet grafts even <1 mm3 in size, [18F]exendin having a better detection rate than [18F]FDOPA (69% vs 44%, <1 mm3; 96% vs 85%, >1 mm3). Graft volume quantified with [18F]exendin (r2=0.91) and [18F]FDOPA (r2=0.86) strongly correlated with actual graft volume. [18F]exendin PET delineated large cystic structures and its uptake correlated with graft SC-beta cell proportion (r2=0.68). The performance of neither tracer was affected by SC-islet graft hyper- or hypoactivity. C-peptide measurements under fasted or glucose-stimulated conditions did not correlate with SC-islet graft volume or SC-beta cell mass, with C-peptide under hypoglycaemia having a weak correlation with SC-beta cell mass (r2=0.52).

Conclusions/interpretation
[18F]exendin and [18F]FDOPA PET enable non-invasive assessment of SC-islet graft size and aspects of graft composition. These methods could be leveraged for optimising SC-islet cell replacement therapy in diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Petrogenesis of Ni-sulfide mineralisation in the ca. 3.0 Ga Maniitsoq intrusive belt, western Greenland
Authors: Maier Wolfgang D. , Muir D. D. , Barnes S-. J. , Szilas K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The ca. 3.0 Ga Ni sulfide mineralisation at Maniitsoq, SW Greenland, is hosted by a cluster of relatively small, irregularly shaped mafic-ultramafic intrusions, typically 10s of m to a few km across, that are lodged within broadly coeval gneiss. Many of the intrusions are fault bounded and fragmented so that their original sizes remain unknown. The sulfides form disseminations and sulfide matrix breccia veins displaying sharp contacts to the host intrusives. The mineralisation has relatively high Ni/Cu, with 4–10% Ni and 1–2% Cu. Correlations between Ni and Cu with sulfide content are strong, consistent with a magmatic origin of the mineralisation. PGE contents are mostly below 0.5 ppm, and Cu/Pd is typically above primitive mantle levels, interpreted to reflect equilibration of the parent magma with segregating sulfide melt prior to final magma emplacement. Sulfide segregation was likely triggered by assimilation of crustal sulfur, as suggested by whole rock S/Se ratios of 7000–9000. The sulfide melt underwent extensive fractionation after final emplacement, caused by downward percolation of Cu-rich sulfide melt through incompletely solidified cumulates. We suggest that the exposed Maniitsoq intrusions represent the Ni-rich upper portions of magma conduits implying that there is potential for Cu-rich sulfides in unexposed deeper portions of the belt.
Combined algorithms of high-frequency topographical effects for the boundary-value problems based on Helmert's second condensation method
Authors: Ma Jian , Wei Ziqing , Zhai Zhenhe , Li Xinxing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Helmert’s second condensation method is usually used to condense the topographical masses outside the boundary surface in the determination of the geoid and quasi-geoid based on the boundary-value theory. The condensation of topographical masses produces direct and indirect topographical effects. Nowadays, the Remove-Compute-Restore (RCR) technique has been widely utilized in the boundary-value problems. In view of spectral consistency, high-frequency direct and indirect topographical effects should be used in the Hotine-Helmert/Stokes–Helmert integral when the Earth gravitational model serves as the reference model in determining the (quasi-) geoid. Thus, the algorithms for high-frequency topographical effects are investigated in this manuscript. First, the prism methods for near-zone direct and indirect topographical effects are derived to improve the accuracies of near-zone effects compared with the traditional surface integral methods. Second, the Molodenskii spectral methods truncated to powerH4are put forward for far-zone topographical effects. Next, the "prism + Molodenskii spectral-spherical harmonic" combined algorithms for high-frequency topographical effects are further presented. At last, the effectiveness of the combined algorithms for the high-frequency topographical effects are verified in a mountainous test area.
The impact of methylene blue in colon cancer: a retrospective multicentric study
Authors: Carvalho Alexandre , Limbert Manuel , Cabral Francisco , Fareleira Ana , Duarte Alexandre , Barroca Rita , Goulart André , Leão Pedro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Discussions about the optimal lymph node (LN) count and its therapeutic consequences have persisted over time. The final LN count in colorectal tissues is affected by a variety of variables (patient, tumor, operation, pathologist, immune response). Methylene blue (MB) intra-arterial injection is a simple and inexpensive procedure that can be used to enhance lymph node count.

Aim
Analyze whether there is a statistically significant difference between intra-arterial methylene blue injection and conventional dissection for the quantification of lymph nodes and determine if there is a variation in the quality of lymph node acquisition.

Methods and results
Between 2015 and 2022, we conducted a retrospective analysis of colon cancer specimens. Data on the tumor’s features, the number of lymph nodes, the number of lymph nodes that were positive, and other factors had been collected. The number of identified lymph nodes was highly significantly improved in the study group (P < 0.05). There is not a significant statistical difference between groups regarding the metastatic lymph node harvest. The group with injection of intra-arterial methylene blue shows a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) of the of cases with less than 12 lymph nodes recovered comparing with the control group.

Conclusion
Colon cancer specimens can be easily evaluated concerning lymph nodes using the methylene blue method. Therefore, we strongly advise this approach as a standard procedure in the histological evaluation of colon cancer specimens in order to maximize the identification of lymph nodes. However, the detection of metastatic lymph nodes was unaffected significantly.
German Cardiac Arrest Registry (G-CAR)—results of the pilot phase
Authors: Pöss Janine , Sinning Christoph , Roßberg Michelle , Hösler Nadine , Ouarrak Taoufik , Böttiger Bernd W. , Ewen Sebastian , Wienbergen Harm , Voss Fabian , Dutzmann Jochen , Tigges Eike , Voigt Ingo , Freund Anne , Desch Steffen , Michels Guido , Thiele Holger , Zeymer Uwe ,   the G-CAR Investigators
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
In Europe, more than 300,000 persons per year experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Despite medical progress, only few patients survive with good neurological outcome. For many issues, evidence from randomized trials is scarce. OHCA often occurs for cardiac causes. Therefore, we established the national, prospective, multicentre German Cardiac Arrest Registry (G-CAR). Herein, we describe the first results of the pilot phase.

Results
Over a period of 16 months, 15 centres included 559 consecutive OHCA patients aged ≥ 18 years. The median age of the patients was 66 years (interquartile range 57;75). Layperson resuscitation was performed in 60.5% of all OHCA cases which were not observed by emergency medical services. The initial rhythm was shockable in 46.4%, and 29.1% of patients had ongoing CPR on hospital admission. Main presumed causes of OHCA were acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and/or cardiogenic shock in 54.8%, with ST-elevation myocardial infarction being the most common aetiology (34.6%). In total, 62.9% of the patients underwent coronary angiography; percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 61.4%. Targeted temperature management was performed in 44.5%. Overall in-hospital mortality was 70.5%, with anoxic brain damage being the main presumed cause of death (38.8%). Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) was performed in 11.0%. In these patients, the in-hospital mortality rate was 85.2%.

Conclusions
G-CAR is a multicentre German registry for adult OHCA patients with a focus on cardiac and interventional treatment aspects. The results of the 16-month pilot phase are shown herein. In parallel with further analyses, scaling up of G-CAR to a national level is envisaged.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05142124.
Niraparib enhances antitumor immunity and contributes to the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in cervical cancer
Authors: Chang Jie , Quan Shimin , Tian Sijuan , Wang Shirui , Li Simin , Guo Yanping , Yang Ting , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
With the development of immunotherapy research, the role of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in the treatment of cervical cancer has been emphasized, but many patients still can’t receive long-term benefits from ICB. Poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) has been proved to exert significant antitumor effects in multiple solid tumors. Whether cervical cancer patients obtain better benefits from the treatment regimen of PARPi combined with ICB remains unclear.

Methods
The alteration of PD-L1 expression induced by niraparib in cervical cancer cells and its underlying mechanism were assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR).The regulation of PTEN by KDM5A was confirmed using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and RNA interference. Analyzing the relationship between PD-L1 and immune effector molecules through searching online databases. Therapeutic efficacy of niraparib, PD-L1 blockade or combination was assessed in syngeneic tumor model. The changes of immune cells and cytokines in vivo was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT–PCR.

Results
We found that niraparib upregulated PD-L1 expression and potentiated the antitumor effects of PD-L1 blockade in a murine cervical cancer model. Niraparib inhibited the Pten expression by increasing the abundance of KDM5A, which expanded PD-L1 abundance through activating the PI3K-AKT-S6K1 pathway. PD-L1 was positively correlated with immune effector molecules including TNF-α, IFN-γ, granzyme A and granzyme B based on biological information analysis. Niraparib increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and the level of IFN-γ, granzyme B in vivo.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrates the regulation of niraparib on local immune microenvironment of cervical cancer, and provides theoretical basis for supporting the combination of PARPi and PD-L1 blockade as a potential treatment for cervical cancer.
Overview of mechanical degradation of aggregates, related standards, and the empirical relations of the parameters
Authors: Kuna Eszter , Bögöly Gyula 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the main products of the mining industry is crushed stone, which is an essential material in structure construction, such as concrete aggregate, asphalt aggregate in road construction, ballast aggregate in railway construction, etc. Due to the application fields, evaluating the durability of these aggregates is required. An economical and durable design cannot be achieved without knowing the resisting capacity of the used stone materials to abrasion, crushing, impact, and disintegration – collectively known as mechanical weathering or degradation. In addition to presenting different forms of mechanical weathering of aggregates, the paper summarizes the most frequently used laboratory tests developed to determine the resistance to these stresses. It introduces various national standards emphasizing their differences and examines the possibility of test result comparability with respect to geology and practical application. The research also presents several empirical relations from the literature between the different degradation parameters. Besides that, the paper aims to give an overview of the international literature that deals with the mechanical weathering of aggregate materials by using organizing tables and comparative graphs; it tries to contribute to the organization and comparability of the existing knowledge and the results found in the literature.
Class imbalance in multi-resident activity recognition: an evaluative study on explainability of deep learning approaches
Authors: Singh Deepika , Merdivan Erinc , Kropf Johannes , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecognizing multiple residents’ activities is a pivotal domain within active and assisted living technologies, where the diversity of actions in a multi-occupant home poses a challenge due to their uneven distribution. Frequent activities contrast with those occurring sporadically, necessitating adept handling of class imbalance to ensure the integrity of activity recognition systems based on raw sensor data. While deep learning has proven its merit in identifying activities for solitary residents within balanced datasets, its application to multi-resident scenarios requires careful consideration. This study provides a comprehensive survey on the issue of class imbalance and explores the efficacy of Long Short-Term Memory and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory networks in discerning activities of multiple residents, considering both individual and aggregate labeling of actions. Through rigorous experimentation with data-level and algorithmic strategies to address class imbalances, this research scrutinizes the explicability of deep learning models, enhancing their transparency and reliability. Performance metrics are drawn from a series of evaluations on three distinct, highly imbalanced smart home datasets, offering insights into the models’ behavior and contributing to the advancement of trustworthy multi-resident activity recognition systems.
Quad-port 28/38 GHz Antenna with Isolation Improvement for 5G Wireless Networks
Authors: Ahmed Mai. F. , Ahmed Mohamed I. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Gaber Shaymaa M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA 28/38 GHz quad-port cross-shaped antenna printed on a 0.203 mm Roger RO4003 substrate is designed and fabricated for 5G networks. The antenna consists of a rectangular patch radiator with three triangle slots to enhance the antenna's impedance matching. The four elements are arranged in a cross-shaped layout to achieve the desired compactness of 29 mm × 24.2 mm × 0.203 mm. A thin parasitic strip is inserted between the second and fourth elements to enhance the port isolation. The designed antenna is simulated by utilizing the CST simulator. The antenna achieved S11 < -10 dB at 28 / 38 GHz, with isolation ≥ 20 dB. Furthermore, the E- and H-planes within the anechoic chamber are evaluated to validate the MIMO antenna radiation patterns and gain. The MIMO parameters are calculated, simulated, tested, and its outcomes are under the standard level which confirms the MIMO diversity feature. The ECC of the structure is < 0.001, the DG ≥ 9.95 dB. and the CCL was ≤ 0.2 bit/s/Hz across the dual working band.
The potential protective effect of Camellia Sinensis in mitigating monosodium glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: biochemical and histological study in male albino rats
Authors: Abdelhamid Walaa G. , Mowaad Noha A. , Asaad Gihan F. , Galal Asmaa F. , Mohammed Sarah S. , Mostafa Olfat E. , Sadek Doaa R. , Elkhateb Lobna A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMonosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium compound derived from glutamic acid. Excessive daily ingestion of MSG leads to elevated amounts of glutamic acid in the bloodstream, which can be detrimental to brain structures. Camellia sinensis, often known as green tea (GT), is a rich source of essential hexogen antioxidants that are necessary for the body. Thirty-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8). Group 1 served as a control -ve group. Group 2 was given GT (1.5 ml/rat/day). Group 3 was given MSG (600 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was given MSG (600 mg/kg/day) and GT (1.5 ml/rat/day). All treatments were given orally for 28 days. MSG administration resulted in significant neurotoxicity in rats that was revealed by the significant reduction of serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and nitric oxide (NO), and the significant elevation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) accompanied by the significant reduction of levels of serum monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) and histological changes in the hippocampus area CA1, dentate gyrus, and cerebellar cortex and positive immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) and calretinin. Administration of GT with MSG counteracted the MSG-mediated oxidative stress by significantly increasing serum concentrations of GPX and NO and significantly decreasing concentrations of TAC. Furthermore, GT significantly increased levels of serum monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine). Moreover, it ameliorated the histological changes, GFAP, and calretinin immunostaining in brain tissues. It is envisaged that GT will serve as a viable protective choice for the inclusion of the neurotoxicity treatment procedure.