bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Nonionic Surfactants from Wastewater Using a Constructed Wetland
Authors: Šíma Jan , Holcová Veronika 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRemoval of nonionic surfactants from municipal wastewater using a constructed wetland with a horizontal subsurface flow was studied in 2009 and 2010. Extraction spectrophotometry with 3′,3″,5′,5″‐tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester and KCl served to determine the analyte concentrations. Triton® X‐100 was used as a standard to express the nonionic‐surfactant concentrations. Anionic and cationic surfactants were shown not to interfere during the determination. Nonionic surfactants were degraded (to products undeterminable by the method) with a high average efficiency that reached 98.1% in 2009 and 99.1% in 2010, respectively. The average concentration of nonionic surfactants at the inflow was 0.978 mg/l, while it was close to the limit of quantification at the outflow (0.014 mg/l). A significant fraction of nonionic surfactants (38.7%) was already degraded during the pretreatment, and only 14.0% of the nonionic surfactants remained in the interstitial H2O taken in the vegetation bed at a distance of 1 m from the inflow zone at a 50‐cm depth. Nonionic surfactants were degraded both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Versatile Reactivity of Half‐Sandwich Ir and Rh Complexes toward Carboranylamidinates and Their Derivatives: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity for Norbornene Polymerization
Authors: Yao Zi‐Jian , Su Ge , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSynthesis, structure, and reactivity of carboranylamidinate‐based half‐sandwich iridium and rhodium complexes are reported for the first time. Treatment of dimeric metal complexes [{Cp*M(μ‐Cl)Cl}2] (M=Ir, Rh; Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) with a solution of one equivalent of nBuLi and a carboranylamidine produces 18‐electron complexes [Cp*IrCl(CabN‐DIC)] (1 a; CabN‐DIC=[iPrNC(closo‐1,2‐C2B10H10)(NHiPr)]), [Cp*RhCl(CabN‐DIC)] (1 b), and [Cp*RhCl(CabN‐DCC)] (1 c; CabN‐DCC=[CyNC(closo‐1,2‐C2B10H10)(NHCy)]). A series of 16‐electron half‐sandwich Ir and Rh complexes [Cp*Ir(CabN′‐DIC)] (2 a; CabN′‐DIC=[iPrNC(closo‐1,2‐C2B10H10)(NiPr)]), [Cp*Ir(CabN′‐DCC)] (2 b, CabN′‐DCC=[CyNC(closo‐1,2‐C2B10H10)(NCy)]), and [Cp*Rh(CabN′‐DIC)] (2 c) is also obtained when an excess of nBuLi is used. The unexpected products [Cp*M(CabN,S‐DIC)], [Cp*M(CabN,S‐DCC)] (M=Ir 3 a, 3 b; Rh 3 c, 3 d), formed through BH activation, are obtained by reaction of [{Cp*MCl2}2] with carboranylamidinate sulfides [RNC(closo‐1,2‐C2B10H10)(NHR)]S− (R=iPr, Cy), which can be prepared by inserting sulfur into the CLi bond of lithium carboranylamidinates. Iridium complex 1 a shows catalytic activities of up to 2.69×106 gPNB  h−1 for the polymerization of norbornene in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst. Catalytic activities and the molecular weight of polynorbornene (PNB) were investigated under various reaction conditions. All complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis and IR and NMR spectroscopy; the structures of 1 a–c, 2 a, b; and 3 a, b, d were further confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Deprotonative Metalation of Chloro‐ and Bromopyridines Using Amido‐Based Bimetallic Species and Regioselectivity‐Computed CH Acidity Relationships
Authors: Snégaroff Katia , Nguyen Tan Tai , Marquise Nada , Halauko Yury S. , Harford Philip J. , Roisnel Thierry , Matulis Vadim E. , Ivashkevich Oleg A. , Chevallier Floris , Wheatley Andrew E. H. , Gros Philippe C. , Mongin Florence 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of chloro‐ and bromopyridines have been deprotometalated by using a range of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino‐based mixed lithium–metal combinations. Whereas lithium–zinc and lithium–cadmium bases afforded different mono‐ and diiodides after subsequent interception with iodine, complete regioselectivities were observed with the corresponding lithium–copper combination, as demonstrated by subsequent trapping with benzoyl chlorides. The obtained selectivities have been discussed in light of the CH acidities of the substrates, determined both in the gas phase and as a solution in THF by using the DFT B3LYP method.
Removal of Organochlorine Pesticides from Aqueous Solution by Using Neutralized Red Mud
Authors: Ozcan Senar , Tor Ali , Aydin Mehmet Emin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis work describes the potential usability of neutralized red mud for the removal of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous solutions. After examination on the adsorption capability of neutralized red mud for all studied OCPs, the experiments were performed by employing aldrin as a model compound. The effect of several parameters, such as contact time, pH of the solution, initial aldrin concentration, and dosage of the adsorbent was evaluated by batch experiments. The determination of OCPs was carried out using traditional liquid–liquid extraction followed by a GC coupled with µ‐electron capture detector (GC‐µECD). The results showed that adsorption equilibrium time depended upon the initial aldrin concentration and adsorption followed the second‐order kinetic model. Kinetic study also indicated that the film diffusion mechanism was a main rate control mechanism. The removal was explained by considering the electrostatic interactions between metal oxides surface of the neutralized red mud and inductively charged centers (negative charge (d−) of chlorine atoms and positive charge (d+) of π‐cloud aromatic ring) of the aldrin molecules. In comparison to the Langmuir isotherm model, the Freundlich model better represented the adsorption data. The neutralized red mud was also succesfully employed for the removal of OCPs from real water samples, including tap water and surface (lake) water, fortified with studied OCPs.
A bi‐criteria scheduling process with CoS support on grids and clouds
Authors: Kloh Henrique , Schulze Bruno , Pinto Raquel , Mury Antonio 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a workflow scheduling model, which is based on a hybrid bi‐criteria scheduling algorithm based on a class of service approach. The proposed model is based on the analysis of several related works on resource scheduling, trying to incorporate the most relevant aspects considered in these works, thus covering some shortcomings pointed out by them. The proposed model aims to optimize the criteria chosen by the users, based on their specified priority order and a variation limit specified by them. In order to validate this model, a set of tests were performed comparing the performance of the proposed model with the Join the Shortest Queue scheduling algorithm. The analysis of the obtained results showed an improvement in the overall quality and also a performance gain made available to the users – as they meet the priority criteria. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperthyroidism during refeeding in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Rayment Dane , Asfaha Eden Asmerom , Babiker Amir , Jaffa Tony 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:We report the second case of hyperthyroidism emerging during refeeding of a severely malnourished patient with Anorexia Nervosa (AN).Method:Available patient records and biochemical data were evaluated. Previous case reports of hyperthyroidism in eating disorders were reviewed.Discussion:Refeeding can be associated with the onset of hyperthyroidism in patients with AN. AN and hyperthyroidism share a number of symptoms which can make identification of hyperthyroidism difficult. Lack of weight gain because of hyperthyroidism may be interpreted as noncompliance with refeeding treatment. The report shows that not taking antithyroid treatment can be employed as a method of weight control, highlighting the importance of extra consideration regarding treatment regimen and adequate support with medication compliance. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
B‐1 cells in the bone marrow are a significant source of natural IgM
Authors: Choi Youn Soo , Dieter Jacquelyn A. , Rothaeusler Kristina , Luo Zheng , Baumgarth Nicole 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNatural IgM antibodies secreted in the absence of antigenic challenge are important contributors to antimicrobial immunity and tissue homeostasis. Early studies identified BM and, to a lesser extent the spleen, as main tissue sources of this spontaneously secreted IgM. However, the responsible B‐cell subset has never been identified. Using multicolor flow cytometry, cell sorting and chimeric mice in which B‐1 and B‐2 cells and their secreted antibodies are distinguished by their Ig‐allotype, we unequivocally identify the natural IgM‐secreting cells in spleen and, for the first time, in the BM as IgM+ IgDlo/‐CD19hi CD43+ CD5+/− B‐1 cells. The newly identified population of BM B‐1 cells shows many of the phenotypic characteristics of splenic B‐1 cells but is distinct from B‐1 cells in the peritoneal cavity, which generate at best very small amounts of IgM. Antibody‐secreting spleen and BM B‐1 cells are distinct also from terminally differentiated plasma cells generated from antigen‐induced conventional B cells, as they express high levels of surface IgM and CD19 and lack expression of CD138. Overall, these data identify populations of non‐terminally differentiated B‐1 cells in spleen and BM as the most significant producers of natural IgM.
IL‐21 enhances the potential of human γδ T cells to provide B‐cell help
Authors: Bansal Raj R. , Mackay Charles R. , Moser Bernhard , Eberl Matthias 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVγ9/Vδ2 T cells are a minor subset of T cells in human blood and differ from all other lymphocytes by their specific responsiveness to (E)‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐but‐2‐enyl pyrophosphate (HMB‐PP), a metabolite produced by a large range of microbial pathogens. Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells can be skewed towards distinct effector functions, in analogy to, and beyond, the emerging plasticity of CD4+ T cells. As such, depending on the microenvironment, Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells can assume features reminiscent of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells as well as professional APCs. We here demonstrate that Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells express markers associated with follicular B helper T (TFH) cells when stimulated with HMB‐PP in the presence of IL‐21. HMB‐PP induces upregulation of IL‐21R on Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells. In return, IL‐21 plays a co‐stimulatory role in the expression of the B‐cell‐attracting chemokine CXCL13, the CXCL13 receptor CXCR5 and the inducible co‐stimulator by activated Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, and enhances their potential to support antibody production by B cells. The interaction between HMB‐PP‐responsive Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, IL‐21‐producing TFH cells and B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues is likely to impact on the generation of high affinity, class‐switched antibodies in microbial infections.
A dynamic perspective on subsidiary autonomy
Authors: Ambos Björn , Asakawa Kazuhiro , Ambos Tina C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPrior investigations treated subsidiary autonomy more or less as a static concept, but the headquarters‐subsidiary relationship is likely to evolve and result in changing power positions over time. This article examines the static and dynamic impacts of external/internal embeddedness on the autonomy of overseas R&D subsidiaries. Based on data from 73 overseas R&D subsidiaries of German firms, we show that a dynamic perspective indeed produces counterintuitive results, namely that high internal embeddedness in the past may help laboratories gain higher levels of autonomy in the future, whereas high external embeddedness may lead to lower levels of autonomy in the future. Our results indicate that building trust and linking up with headquarters are important strategies for subsidiaries wishing to be granted autonomy in the future.
Fluorophore‐Functionalized and Top‐Covered Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands
Authors: Pochorovski Igor , Diederich François 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis review describes our recent developments in the field of resorcin[4]arene cavitands. We present the syntheses of cavitands bearing pyrene, anthracene, and BODIPY dyes as fluorophores on the cavitand walls. These systems have been used to examine the conformational switching process between the closed vase and the open kite forms that are characteristic for this class of cavitands. In a second research direction, we prepared top‐covered resorcin[4]arene‐based, switchable container molecules, and investigated their binding and switching properties.
Benzothiophene carboxamide derivatives as inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum enoyl‐ACP reductase
Authors: Banerjee Tanushree , Sharma Shailendra Kumar , Kapoor Neha , Dwivedi Vishnu , Surolia Namita , Surolia Avadhesha 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBenzothiophene derivatives like benzothiophene sulphonamides, biphenyls, or carboxyls have been synthesized and have found wide pharmacological usage. Here we report, bromo‐benzothiophene carboxamide derivatives as potent, slow tight binding inhibitors of Plasmodium enoyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (PfENR). 3‐Bromo‐N‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)‐benzo[b]thiophene‐2‐carboxamide (compound 6) is the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 115 nM for purified PfENR. The inhibition constant (Ki) of compound 6 was 18 nM with respect to the cofactor and 91 nM with respect to crotonoyl‐CoA. These inhibitors showed competitive kinetics with cofactor and uncompetitive kinetics with the substrate. Thus, these compounds hold promise for the development of potent antimalarials. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(12): 1101–1110, 2011
Influence of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors on ouabain activation of nuclear factor‐κB in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Kawamoto E.M. , Lima L.S. , Munhoz C.D. , Yshii L.M. , Kinoshita P.F. , Amara F.G. , Pestana R.R.F. , Orellana A.M.M. , Cipolla‐Neto J. , Britto L.R.G. , Avellar M.C.W. , Rossoni L.V. , Scavone C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIt has been shown that ouabain (OUA) can activate the Na,K‐ATPase complex and mediate intracellular signaling in the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammatory stimulus increases glutamatergic transmission, especially at N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are usually coupled to the activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation modulates the expression of genes involved in development, plasticity, and inflammation. The present work investigated the effects of OUA on NF‐κB binding activity in rat hippocampus and the influence of this OUA‐Na,K‐ATPase signaling cascade in NMDA‐mediated NF‐κB activation. The findings presented here are the first report indicating that intrahippocampal administration of OUA, in a concentration that did not alter Na,K‐ATPase or NOS activity, induced an activation of NF‐κB, leading to increases in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), inducible NOS (iNos), tumor necrosis factor‐α (Tnf‐α), and B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) mRNA levels. This response was not linked to any significant signs of neurodegeneration as showed via Fluoro‐Jade B and Nissl stain. Intrahippocampal administration of NMDA induced NF‐κB activation and increased NOS and α2/3‐Na,K‐ATPase activities. NMDA treatment further increased OUA‐induced NF‐κB activation, which was partially blocked by MK‐801, an antagonist of NMDA receptor. These results suggest that OUA‐induced NF‐κB activation is at least in part dependent on Na,K‐ATPase modulatory action of NMDA receptor in hippocampus. The interaction of these signaling pathways could be associated with biological mechanisms that may underlie the basal homeostatic state linked to the inflammatory signaling cascade in the brain. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longevity and reuse of black bear dens in managed forests of coastal British Columbia
Authors: Davis Helen , Hamilton Anthony N. , Harestad Alton S. , Weir Richard D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe evaluated longevity and reuse of denning structures by American black bears (Ursus americanus) in coastal temperate rainforests of British Columbia from 1992 to 2010 to assess potential impacts of forest management on these critical habitat features over time. We identified 67 dens during a 4‐yr intensive radio‐telemetry study (1992–1995): 40 dens of 21 radio‐collared black bears and 27 dens found incidentally. Dens occurred in or beneath large diameter trees or wooden structures derived from trees (i.e., logs, root boles, and stumps;${\bar {x}}$ = 143 cm diameter, SD = 49 cm). Longevity of dens varied by type, tree species that formed the den, and forest management that occurred at or near the den. Twenty‐four of 28 dens of radio‐collared bears that were monitored were still usable in 2010, whereas only 5 of 14 dens found incidentally were still usable in 2010. We assessed reuse of bear dens 3 times following initial identification: during the radio‐telemetry study, again in 2000, and finally in 2010. Radio‐collared bears reused dens from previous years on 7 of 25 potential occasions during the course of the radio‐telemetry study. Upon assessment in 2000 and 2010, 17 of 24 (71%) available dens first used by radio‐collared bears were reused at least once between 1993 and 2010. The high rate of reuse may indicate low availability of den structures in our study area. Because black bears in coastal British Columbia only used trees or structures derived from trees for winter dens and forest harvesting reduces the supply of these necessary structures, conservation and recruitment of suitable den trees is necessary if maintaining black bear populations is a management goal in these areas. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Platelet proteomics
Authors: Zufferey Anne , Fontana Pierre , Reny Jean‐Luc , Nolli Severine , Sanchez Jean‐Charles 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPlatelets are small cell fragments, produced by megakaryocytes, in the bone marrow. They play an important role in hemostasis and diverse thrombotic disorders. They are therefore primary targets of antithrombotic therapies. They are implicated in several pathophysiological pathways, such as inflammation or wound repair. In blood circulation, platelets are activated by several pathways including subendothelial matrix and thrombin, triggering the formation of the platelet plug. Studying their proteome is a powerful approach to understand their biology and function. However, particular attention must be paid to different experimental parameters, such as platelet quality and purity. Several technologies are involved during the platelet proteome processing, yielding information on protein identification, characterization, localization, and quantification. Recent technical improvements in proteomics combined with inter‐disciplinary strategies, such as metabolomic, transcriptomics, and bioinformatics, will help to understand platelets biological mechanisms. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the platelet proteome under different environmental conditions may contribute to elucidate complex processes relevant to platelet function regarding bleeding disorders or platelet hyperreactivity and identify new targets for antiplatelet therapy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 31:331–351, 2012
On Vector Equilibria, Vector Optimization and Vector Variational Inequalities
Authors: Raith Andrea , Ehrgott Matthias 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIt is well‐known that, under certain conditions, network equilibrium, optimization and variational inequality problems are equivalent. Hence, solution algorithms to solve any of the three problems can be used to solve the other problems. Vector network equilibrium problems lead to analogous definitions of vector optimization (VOP) and vector variational inequality (VVI) problems. Investigating whether a similar equivalence exists in the vector valued case suggests itself, in particular to derive solution algorithms for vector equilibrium problems (VEQ). Unfortunately, the three problems are no longer equivalent in the vector valued case. We show under which assumptions a solution of VOP solves VEQ. Even though a solution of VVI is a solution of VEQ, the converse is not true. We demonstrate structural properties of solutions of VEQ that prevent them from being solutions of VVI and show under which assumptions VVI and VEQ are equivalent. We also comment in more detail on some results within the literature related to concepts of vector equilibria. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of post‐traumatic neuroma and epineural scar formation in rat sciatic nerve by application of microcrystallic chitosan
Authors: Marcol Wieslaw , Larysz‐Brysz Magdalena , Kucharska Magdalena , Niekraszewicz Antoni , Slusarczyk Wojciech , Kotulska Katarzyna , Wlaszczuk Pawel , Wlaszczuk Adam , Jedrzejowska‐Szypulka Halina , Lewin‐Kowalik Joanna 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInjury of peripheral nerve is associated with the development of post‐traumatic neuroma at the end of the proximal stump, often being the origin of neuropathic pain. This type of pain is therapy‐resistant and therefore extremely nagging for patients. We examined the influence of the microcrystallic chitosan gel applied to the proximal stump of totally transected sciatic nerve on the neuroma formation and neuropathic pain development in rats. In 14 rats, right sciatic nerve was transected and the distal stump was removed to avoid spontaneous rejoining. In the chitosan (experimental) group (n = 7), the proximal stump was covered with a thin layer of the microcrystallic chitosan gel. In control animals (n = 7), the cut nerve was left unsecured. Autotomy, an animal model of neuropathic pain, was monitored daily for 20 weeks following surgery. Then, the animals were perfused transcardially and the proximal stumps of sciatic nerves were dissected and subjected to histologic evaluation. The presence, size, and characteristics of neuromas as well as extraneural fibrosis were examined. In chitosan group, the incidence and the size of the neuroma were markedly reduced, as compared with the control group; however, there was no difference in autotomy behavior between groups. In addition, extraneural fibrosis was significantly reduced in chitosan group when compared to the control group. The results demonstrate beneficial influence of microcrystallic chitosan applied to the site of nerve transection on the development of post‐traumatic neuroma and reduction of extraneural fibrosis, however without reduction of neuropathic pain. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.