bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parapharyngeal space tumors: Another consideration for otalgia and temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Grosskopf Courtney C. , Kuperstein Arthur S. , O'Malley Bert W. , Sollecito Thomas P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundParapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are rare, accounting for 0.5% of all head and neck neoplasms. PPS tumors are difficult to diagnose due to limited presenting signs and symptoms and because of their location deep within the neck.Methods and ResultsA 60‐year‐old woman presented with complaints of otalgia, which appeared to be consistent with a temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Due to disproportionate symptoms, an MRI of the temporomandibular joints was ordered. The MRI revealed a mass within the PPS, which was later diagnosed as a mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A literature search failed to reveal otalgia, and facial pain, thought to be related to a TMD, as the primary presenting symptoms of a PPS neoplasm.ConclusionPatients presenting with disproportionate signs and symptoms of a TMD should be evaluated with advanced imaging to rule out occult pathology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Up‐front neck dissection followed by concurrent chemoradiation in patients with regionally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Paximadis Peter A. , Christensen Michael E. , Dyson Greg , Kamdar Dev P. , Sukari Ammar , Lin Ho‐Sheng , Yoo George H. , Kim Harold E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe appropriate management of the neck in patients with regionally advanced head and neck cancer remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze our institutional experience with up‐front neck dissection followed by definitive chemoradiotherapy.MethodsFifty‐five patients with radiographic evidence of large or necrotic lymph nodes underwent up‐front neck dissection followed by definitive chemoradiation.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were estimated at 71.3% and 64.7%, respectively. There were 2 failures in the dissected neck, for a control rate of 96.7%. There were 7 locoregional failures and 12 distant failures, for locoregional and distant control rates of 87.3% and 78.2%, respectively.ConclusionUp‐front neck dissection followed by chemoradiotherapy resulted in excellent locoregional control, OS, and PFS. Utilization of this strategy should be considered in carefully selected patients with regionally advanced head and neck cancer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Prognostic value of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil: Comparisons of volume‐based metabolic parameters
Authors: Moon Seung Hwan , Choi Joon Young , Lee Hwan Joo , Son Young‐Ik , Baek Chung‐Hwan , Ahn Yong Chan , Park Keunchil , Lee Kyung‐Han , Kim Byung‐Tae 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic significance of volume‐based metabolic parameters measured by 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (18F‐FDG PET/CT) is not established. We evaluated the prognostic value of metabolic parameters in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tonsil.MethodsWe enrolled a total of 69 patients with SCC of the tonsil who underwent pretreatment 18F‐FDG PET/CT. We measured maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and asymmetry indices (of SUVmax, MTV, and TLG). The prognostic significance of these parameters and clinical variables was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.ResultsMultivariate analyses with adjustments for age, sex, and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage showed that only TLG (hazard ratio = 1.020, 95% confidence interval 1.003–1.037, p = .023) was an independent predictive factor associated with decreased overall survival.ConclusionTLG is a significant independent metabolic prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with SCC of the tonsil. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Time and cost efficient biodegradation of diesel in a continuous‐upflow packed bed biofilm reactor and effect of surfactant GAELE
Authors: Campos‐Pineda Mixtli , Acuna‐Askar Karim , Martinez‐Guel Jesus Alberto , Mas‐Trevino Marcela , Tijerina‐Menchaca Rolando , Martinez Luz Maria , Videa Marcelo , Parra‐Saldivar Roberto 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Biodegradation of diesel hydrocarbons using bioreactors has been proposed as an alternative for diesel contaminated sites remediation. To make this alternative feasible, several factors must be optimized or improved: reducing hydraulic retention times (HRT) and applying design methods to enhance the access of the microorganisms to low soluble and recalcitrant compounds like hydrocarbon fuels. In the present work a time and cost efficient continuous‐flow packed bed bioreactor at low HRT was designed and evaluated. The effect of non‐previously studied anionic surfactant GAELE (glycolic acid ethoxylate lauryl ether) was also investigated.RESULTS: A continuous‐upflow packed bed bioreactor (CPR) was built using an inexpensive support made of volcanic and alluvial stones. The biodegradation experiments conducted with a 12‐month‐old biofilm at a fixed HRT of 0.5 h, recorded removal of up to 97.9% at a diesel concentration of 1120 mg L−1 with GAELE. A first‐order rate constant of 0.10 h−1 was calculated. Kinetic analysis using Arvin's model, which introduces mass transfer to the biofilm, showed statistical differences in the kinetic rate parameters (P < 0.001). Moreover, GAELE significantly increased biodegradability at high concentrations, with BOD5 and COD removals up to 90.8 and 80.7%, respectively. Putative hydrocarbon degrading bacteria responsible for the degradation under nitrate‐reducing conditions were positively identified.CONCLUSIONS: The continuous‐upflow packed bed reactor was capable of high percentage diesel biodegradation at short HRTs. The use of GAELE increased diesel availability and thus enhanced hydrocarbon removal. Therefore, CPR packed with volcanic and alluvial stones combined with GAELE showed potential for the remediation of diesel‐impacted sites. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Drinking in Snakes: Resolving a Biomechanical Puzzle
Authors: CUNDALL DAVID , BRAINERD ELIZABETH L. , CONSTANTINO JOSEPH , DEUFEL ALEXANDRA , GRAPSKI DOUGLAS , KLEY NATHAN J. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTSnakes have long been thought to drink with a two‐phase buccal‐pump mechanism, but observations that some snakes can drink without sealing the margins of their mouths suggest that buccal pumping may not be the only drinking mechanism used by snakes. Here, we report that some snakes appear to drink using sponge‐like qualities of specific regions of the oropharyngeal and esophageal mucosa and sponge‐compressing functions of certain muscles and bones of the head. The resulting mechanism allows them to transport water upward against the effects of gravity using movements much slower than those of many other vertebrates. To arrive at this model, drinking was examined in three snake species using synchronized ciné and electromyographic recordings of muscle activity and in a fourth species using synchronized video and pressure recordings. Functional data were correlated with a variety of anatomical features to test specific predictions of the buccal‐pump model. The anatomical data suggest explanations for the lack of conformity between a buccal‐pump model of drinking and the performance of the drinking apparatus in many species. Electromyographic data show that many muscles with major functions in feeding play minor roles in drinking and, conversely, some muscles with minor roles in feeding play major roles in drinking. Mouth sealing by either the tongue or mental scale, previously considered critical to drinking in snakes, is incidental to drinking performance in some species. The sponge mechanism of drinking may represent a macrostomatan exaptation of mucosal folds, the evolution of which was driven primarily by the demands of feeding. J. Exp. Zool. 317:152–172, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Juvenile Development, Ecdysteroids and Hemolymph Level of Metabolites in the Spider Brachypelma albopilosum (Theraphosidae)
Authors: TRABALON MARIE , BLAIS CATHERINE 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn the present work, juvenile development and physiological state of mygalomorph Brachypelma albopilosum were investigated by means of individual rearing under controlled conditions. Males required 4–5 years for development from first juvenile instar to adulthood, passing through 8 to 12 juvenile molts. Females developed to adults in 5–6 years with a variable juvenile molt number from 9 to 13. The development and growth of males and females took place in a similar way until the last juvenile molt leading to subadults. Ecdysteroids, total lipid, cholesterol, and protein concentrations increased along with the different development instars in both males and females. After the last juvenile molt, spiders presented morphological and biochemical sex differences. Subadult and adulthood males were smaller in size and weight than females; hemolymph levels of ecdysteroids, total lipids, cholesterol, and glucose were higher in males. These physiological and biochemical differences can be correlated to the different sexual development between males and females. J. Exp. Zool. 317:236–247, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interseasonal movements of greater sage‐grouse, migratory behavior, and an assessment of the core regions concept in Wyoming
Authors: Fedy Bradley C. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Doherty Kevin E. , O'Donnell Micheal , Beck Jeffrey L. , Bedrosian Bryan , Holloran Matthew J. , Johnson Gregory D. , Kaczor Nicholas W. , Kirol Christopher P. , Mandich Cheryl A. , Marshall David , McKee Gwyn , Olson Chad , Swanson Christopher C. , Walker Brett L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAnimals can require different habitat types throughout their annual cycles. When considering habitat prioritization, we need to explicitly consider habitat requirements throughout the annual cycle, particularly for species of conservation concern. Understanding annual habitat requirements begins with quantifying how far individuals move across landscapes between key life stages to access required habitats. We quantified individual interseasonal movements for greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter sage‐grouse) using radio‐telemetry spanning the majority of the species distribution in Wyoming. Sage‐grouse are currently a candidate for listing under the United States Endangered Species Act and Wyoming is predicted to remain a stronghold for the species. Sage‐grouse use distinct seasonal habitats throughout their annual cycle for breeding, brood rearing, and wintering. Average movement distances in Wyoming from nest sites to summer‐late brood‐rearing locations were 8.1 km (SE = 0.3 km; n = 828 individuals) and the average subsequent distances moved from summer sites to winter locations were 17.3 km (SE = 0.5 km; n = 607 individuals). Average nest‐to‐winter movements were 14.4 km (SE = 0.6 km; n = 434 individuals). We documented remarkable variation in the extent of movement distances both within and among sites across Wyoming, with some individuals remaining year‐round in the same vicinity and others moving over 50 km between life stages. Our results suggest defining any of our populations as migratory or non‐migratory is innappropriate as individual strategies vary widely. We compared movement distances of birds marked using Global Positioning System (GPS) and very high frequency (VHF) radio marking techniques and found no evidence that the heavier GPS radios limited movement. Furthermore, we examined the capacity of the sage‐grouse core regions concept to capture seasonal locations. As expected, we found the core regions approach, which was developed based on lek data, was generally better at capturing the nesting locations than summer or winter locations. However, across Wyoming the sage‐grouse breeding core regions still contained a relatively high percentage of summer and winter locations and seem to be a reasonable surrogate for non‐breeding habitat when no other information exists. We suggest that conservation efforts for greater sage‐grouse implicitly incorporate seasonal habitat needs because of high variation in the amount of overlap among breeding core regions and non‐breeding habitat. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Variation in demographic patterns and population structure of raccoons across an urban landscape
Authors: Graser William H. , Gehrt Stanley D. , Hungerford Laura L. , Anchor Chris 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRaccoons (Procyon lotor) are considered synanthropic, with high densities reported from urban landscapes. However, little information is available on population density and demography within the urban matrix. To better understand how urban land‐use patterns influence raccoon density and demographic patterns, we sampled raccoons at multiple, replicated sites across an urban landscape. Density differed by land‐use type (F2,17 = 4.66, P = 0.027): urbanized sites, ${\bar {x}}$ = 4.96 ± 2.64 raccoons/km2, range = 1.25–10.00 raccoons/km2; urban open sites, ${\bar {x}}$ = 14.84 ± 6.35 raccoons/km2, range = 3.00–29.25 raccoons/km2; rural open sites, ${\bar {x}}$ = 15.50 ± 4.66 raccoons/km2, range = 13.00–20.25. Although we found no clear patterns in sex ratio, reproductive condition, or body condition, we observed differences in age structure among urban open, rural open, and urbanized sites. The most striking difference was the absence of older animals at urbanized sites and relatively low numbers of young individuals at urban open sites. Raccoons were the dominant mesocarnivore in open fragments, but less so in the urban matrix. Spatial variation in density across urban landscapes is likely influenced by site level differences in abundance of anthropogenic resources and differences in habitat quality. Furthermore, the association between changes in land‐use and population age structure may have reflected different mortality sources across the landscape. Our results illustrate that wildlife species considered synanthropic may have complex relationships with urban landscapes. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
New motor outcome function measures in evaluation of Late‐Onset Pompe disease before and after enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Angelini Corrado , Semplicini Claudio , Ravaglia Sabrina , Moggio Maurizio , Comi Giacomo P. , Musumeci Olimpia , Pegoraro Elena , Tonin Paola , Filosto Massimiliano , Servidei Serenella , Morandi Lucia , Crescimanno Grazia , Marrosu Giovanni , Siciliano Gabriele , Mongini Tiziana , Toscano ANTONIO ,   the Italian Group on GSDII
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroduction:The clinical course of late‐onset Pompe disease is heterogeneous, and new clinical outcome measures are needed to evaluate enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).Methods:We correlated the 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Walton and Gardner‐Medwin (WGM) score, and GSGC (Gait, Stairs, Gower, Chair) scores in 40 patients.Results:At baseline, the GSGC score correlated with both WGM (P < 0.001, n = 33) and 6MWT (P < 0.001, n = 26). After 1 year of ERT, we observed a significant change in gait, stairs and chair performance on the GSGC scale. The 6MWT significantly increased from 319 to 371 meters in 32 patients, and the WGM score was reduced.Conclusions:GSGC is a group of functional tests that requires only a few minutes to perform, therefore, this score might be a good indicator to be used in future studies. Muscle Nerve 45: 831–834, 2012
Zoster‐associated mononeuropathies (ZAMs): A retrospective series
Authors: Reda Haatem , Watson James C. , Jones Lyell K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Zoster‐associated limb paresis is an uncommon complication of herpes zoster (HZ) and one whose precise pathophysiologic mechanism is poorly understood. Occasionally, the paresis results from a zoster‐associated mononeuropathy (ZAM).Methods:Mayo Clinic records between 1996 and 2010 were reviewed for patients with ZAM whose clinical, electrophysiologic, and radiographic features were then abstracted.Results:Ulnar (2), median (3), femoral (1), and sciatic (2) mononeuropathies were identified. Most patients had moderate to severe weakness in affected muscles, and most had post‐herpetic neuralgia (88% at 1 month and 71% at 4 months). The minimum duration of weakness was prolonged (mean, 281.9 days; range, 45–1242 days). Nerve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was abnormal, demonstrating nerve enlargement (4/4 cases), T2 signal hypertintensity (2/4 cases), or enhancement (1/4 cases).Conclusions:While ZAM is an uncommon occurrence following cutaneous HZ, it is associated with significant weakness, high rates of post‐herpetic neuralgia, and prolonged morbidity. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Medicare Part D and Its Effect on the Use of Prescription Drugs and Use of Other Health Care Services of the Elderly
Authors: Kaestner Robert , Nasreen Khan  
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe examine the effect of gaining prescription drug insurance, as a result of Medicare Part D, on use of prescription drugs and other medical services for a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Given the heightened importance of prescription drugs for those with chronic illness, we provide separate estimates for elderly in poorer health. We find that Medicare Part D significantly reduced socioeconomic and geographic disparities in prescription drug insurance among the elderly. Gaining prescription drug insurance through Medicare Part D was associated with a 30 percent increase in the number of annual prescriptions and a 40 percent increase in expenditures on prescription drugs for both the general population of the elderly and the elderly in poorer health. We find little evidence that prescription drug insurance was strongly associated with the use of outpatient and inpatient services, although our investigation of these associations was limited by a lack of statistical power.
Diabetes specialist nurse telemedicine: admissions avoidance, costs and casemix
Authors: Evans Nicholas R , Richardson Liesl S , Dhatariya Ketan K , Sampson Mike J 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to describe a diabetes specialist nurse (DSN) telemedicine advice service in a university hospital diabetes service in terms of the payment by results (PbR) tariff costs, potential admissions avoidance and casemix.The source, purpose, duration, outcome and patient age were recorded prospectively over 12 months for every patient‐initiated, diabetes‐related telephone consultation.In all, 5703 patient‐initiated telephone consultations were recorded. Of these, 3459 (60.7%) involved insulin dose management for those receiving insulin therapy for longer than six months. In contrast, 530 (9.3%) consultations covered dose adjustment for individuals started on insulin therapy within the previous six months. A total of 235 (4.1%) consultations involved managing insulin, food and fluid intake during intercurrent illness (‘sick day’ advice) – 103 (1.8%) with ketonuria and 132 (2.3%) without ketonuria. Of these, only 17 required referral to their general practitioner for review for a hospital admission, representing 218 potentially avoided admissions over the study period. Individuals over 60 years of age accounted for 3610 (63.3%) consultations. The PbR tariff for each telephone consultation was £23 ($37.66; €26.10), with an estimated annual cost of £131 169 ($214 781; €148 908). The national average unit costs (for 2008–09) for an emergency long‐stay admission related to dysglycaemia range from £846 ($1384; €961) to £2634 ($4311; €2991), representing potential cost savings of between £179 414 ($293 759; €203 715) and £569 198 ($932 008; €646 400) for these 218 avoided admissions.In conclusion, DSNs provide hundreds of hours of telephone advice annually that improve ongoing diabetes care and represent a cost‐effective method of reducing the number of acute hospital admissions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Erectile dysfunction: a weighty issue?
Authors: Rajendran R , Cummings M 
Published: February 2012

AbstractErectile dysfunction (ED) is expected to affect 322 million men by 2025. A number of lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption and lack of physical activity are linked with erectile dysfunction. We reviewed the evidence in recent studies examining the impact of weight loss upon erectile function in obese men with and without diabetes.Esposito et al. showed that weight loss through diet and increased physical activity can improve sexual function in about one‐third of obese non‐diabetic men with ED. Subsequently, Dallal et al. reported that the amount of surgical weight loss after gastric bypass predicted the degree of improvement in sexual function independent of improvement in glycaemic control. Wing et al. reported that weight loss in older obese diabetic subjects in the Look AHEAD trial may help in preventing the worsening of ED over time. Most recently in 2011, Khoo et al. have shown that rapid diet‐induced weight loss improves sexual and endothelial function and systemic inflammation in obese diabetic men.In conclusion, the majority of recent studies show that weight loss can improve erectile function in obese men, though the beneficial effect is less profound in diabetic men. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
District‐level considerations in supporting and sustaining RtI implementation
Authors: O'connor Edward P. , Freeman Elizabeth Witter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAlthough Response to Intervention (RtI) implementation efforts have been occurring in schools across the country for more than a decade, questions and concerns are emerging, as some schools are not observing significantly improved student achievement or behavior outcomes as expected. In the literature on RtI implementation, most authors indicate there are multiple levels of support that are required for effective RtI implementation. These include individual professional development regarding the rationale for RtI and for developing necessary skills; building‐level support encompassing necessary resources, leadership, and structures that promote RtI; and district‐level support to drive the broader system. In this article, we identify district‐level supports that are important for school psychologists to consider as they work to initiate or extend RtI routines. The district‐level factors discussed here are organized into the categories of leadership, assessment and data management, culture and beliefs, professional development, staff recruitment, and resource allocation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Click chemistry‐based synthesis of azo polymers for second‐order nonlinear optics
Authors: Kolli Balakrishna , Mishra Sarada P. , Joshi M. P. , Raj Mohan S. , Dhami T. S. , Samui A. B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFour linear polymers containing pendant azo moiety were synthesized through click chemistry for second‐order nonlinear optical study. The polymers were found soluble in most of the polar organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform, and dimethyl formamide (DMF). The polymers showed thermal stability up to 300 °C and glass transition temperatures (Tg) in the range of 120–140 °C. The molecular weights (Mw) of these polymers (measured by gel permeation chromatography) were in the range 37,900–55,000 g/mol. The polymers were found to form optically transparent films by solution casting from THF solution. Order parameters were calculated from UV–vis absorption spectra. The morphology changes in the films after poling were characterized by atomic force microscopy. The angular dependence, temperature dependence, and time dependence of second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity were obtained by using 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. The SHG intensity remained unchanged up to 95 °C. At room temperature, it remained stable up to 8 days after initial drop of about 14%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012