bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancements in liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry for amphetamine analysis in unconventional biological matrices: Focus on oral fluid and hair samples
Authors: Guizolfi Tainara , Kramer Airton , Menck Rafael , Moura Sidnei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmphetamines (AMPHs) and their derivatives are potent central nervous system stimulants, in 2020 an astonishing 34 million regular users were reported worldwide. Consequently, there has been a critical need for the development of methods capable of detecting these compounds in alternative biological matrices. The review article discusses the analysis of amphetamines and their derivatives in alternative biological matrices, such as hair and oral fluid (OF), using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Compiles data from 28 articles published between 2012 and 2022, focusing on 13 articles on OFs and 15 on hair analysis. The article highlights the advantages of using these alternative matrices, including less invasive collection methods, greater sample stability, and simplified extraction processes. Additionally, prevalent analytical practices such as the use of C18 columns and the incorporation of formic acid and methanol into mobile phases are discussed. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the most used method for collecting OF is the Quantisal device, as well as solid phase extraction is also the most used for the same matrix. The review serves as a guide for researchers interested in analytical methods for identifying AMPHs, offering insights into advances, challenges, and the most used in the area.
Nanosilica from canary seed husk for corrosion protection of structural steel
Authors: León‐Silva U. , Nicho M. E. , Cajero‐Sotelo L. , Castro‐Guerrero C. F. , Escobedo‐Alatorre Jesús , Díaz‐Guillén M. R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn alternative technique is presented for the corrosion protection of the A36 structural steel (A36SS) in acid medium (H2SO4) using silica obtained from canary seed husk (CSH). The silica was obtained in a solid amorphous state with a particle size of 10–22 nm. The anticorrosive properties of nanosilica (NS) were studied using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Before carrying out the corrosion tests, the A36SS was subjected to a treatment with NaOH solution without and with the presence of NS. The A36SS treated with NS presented the lowest current density values and the noblest corrosion potential values, indicating that the corrosion rate decreased. The surface morphological study of the tested systems using SEM/EDS showed that the NS‐treated A36SS had a more efficient physical barrier against corrosive species.
Effect of n‐pentanol with novel water hyacinth biodiesel‐diesel ternary blends on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics
Authors: Singh Maneesh , Saini Prashant , Srivastava Divyanshi , Mishra Srishti , Ahmad Saif Nawaz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPresent research deals with crude oil production from water hyacinth biomass and its biodiesel preparation. Alcohol additive n‐pentanol is mixed with biodiesel and diesel blends to identify their effects on diesel engine performance and emission parameters experimentally. Water hyacinth oil (WHO) is produced through Soxhlet extraction technique, and its biodiesel is prepared by transesterification. n‐pentanol is mixed through magnetic stirring in biodiesel‐diesel blends to improve their combustion quality and efficiency. Prepared fuel blends properties are examined as per ASTM standards. Experimental results reveal that, BSFC and BTE are evaluated as 0.26 kg/kW‐h and 29.5%, respectively, with HC emissions as 29 ppm, CO emissions as 0.28 vol%, NOx emissions as 330 ppm and CO2 emissions as 2.21 vol% for WHB20D75P5 fuel at maximum load. The comparison of D100 and WHB20D80 with respect to WHB20D75P5 reveals 3.27% reduction and 7.27% improvement in BTE, respectively. Both HC and CO are reduced by 14.70% and 22.22% for WHB20D75P5 fuel compared to diesel. NOx and CO2 emissions are increased by 6.79% and 12.75% for WHB20D75P5 fuel compared to diesel. Overall, WHB20D75P5 fuel is the best performer.
Effect of sodium hydroxide treatment on the fracture toughness of luffa natural fiber reinforced epoxy epikote 828
Authors: Trung Dang Huu , Oanh Doan Thi Yen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicro‐sized luffa natural fibers (MLNFs) were derived from raw luffa natural fibers from Vietnam by undergoing treatment with sodium hydroxide. This study examined the impact of sodium hydroxide concentration, temperature, and treatment duration on the fracture toughness of epoxy resin 828 reinforced with MLNFs. The results showed that the fracture toughness of the composite, as measured by the critical‐stress‐intensity factor (KIC) and Izod impact strength, was improved after the treatment of the MLNFs with sodium hydroxide. Specifically, with the optimal sodium hydroxide treatment parameters of 6% NaOH at 70 °C for 6 h, the critical‐stress‐intensity factor increased by 93% (from 2.0 to 3.86 MPa m1/2) and the Izod impact strength rose by 44.6% (from 3.81 to 5.51 kJ/m2). The thermal properties and surface structure of MLNFs treated with NaOH were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images.
Stilbene derivatives from Gnetum montanum Markgr. with their xanthine oxidase inhibition activity
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Thi Viet , Cuong Ho Duc , Tai Bui Huu , Van Kiem Phan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhytochemical study on the methanol extract of the trunks of Gnetum montanum Markgr. led to the isolation of one new stilbene derivative, (E)‐2′‐methoxy‐3,5,5′‐trihydroxystilbene (1) and six known compounds, lehmbachol (2), gnetulin (3), trans‐shegansu B (4), cis‐shegansu B (5), (+)‐hannokinol (6), and gnetol (7). Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses including HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and circular dichroism methods in comparison with the reported data. In addition, compounds 1–5 showed xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 13.6, 35.2, 38.7, 43.4, and 47.7 µm, respectively, compared to the positive control, allopurinol, which showed IC50 value of 2.9 µm.
Successful surgical management of pancreatic torsion in a 3‐month‐old Bernese Mountain dog without evidence of long‐term pancreatic dysfunction
Authors: Moses Ivan A , Hallowell Theresa C 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, perioperative management and the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of a dog diagnosed with pancreatic torsion. A 3‐month‐old female intact Bernese Mountain dog presented for an acute onset of vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass effect cranial to the stomach. A pancreatic torsion was diagnosed during exploratory laparotomy and treated with partial pancreatectomy. Histopathology confirmed pancreatic torsion. The patient recovered uneventfully and pancreatic function and inflammation testing that was performed 14 months postoperatively showed no evidence of ongoing dysfunction. This is the first report that demonstrates long‐term follow‐up with pancreatic function testing in a patient who had a partial pancreatectomy due to pancreatic torsion. There was no evidence of long‐term pancreatic dysfunction due to partial pancreatectomy secondary to pancreatic torsion. Additionally, this is the youngest patient with pancreatic torsion to be described in the veterinary literature.
The framework of “role conceptions” and Nigeria's external engagements
Authors: Oshewolo Segun , Oniemola Roseline F. , Azeez Ademola , Opeyeoluwa Rotimi O. , Macaulay Abiodun J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article relies on the intellectual framework of “national role conceptions” to explain Nigeria's wide‐ranging international obligations. Although Nigeria has a rich foreign policy literature, this framework is rarely directly employed in analyzing the country's many external engagements and the motives behind them. Nigeria has always assumed international roles that are in tandem with its fundamental foreign policy objectives. These roles are inspired by the identities that the country has constructed and projected for itself overtime and the expectations of peers (or other actors). Nigeria's constructive external engagements and role performance notwithstanding, there have been some misalignments. These include the sorry state of Nigeria's foreign missions, domestic contradictions, and the fact that Nigeria has sometimes behaved sluggishly in its role performance. This work recommends that Nigeria's diplomatic missions must be adequately financed, the domestic contradictions leading to disputation over foreign policy roles must be addressed, and Nigeria must overcome its occasional complacencies in Africa.
Detection and modeling of Staphylococcus aureus and fecal bacteria in Hawaiian coastal waters and sands
Authors: Steadmon Maria , Takakusagi Melia , Wiegner Tracy N. , Jones Mikayla , Economy Louise M. , Panelo Jazmine , Morrison Lynn A. , Medeiros Matt C. I. , Frank Kiana L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicrobial pollution of recreational waters leads to millions of skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal illnesses globally. Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are monitored to assess recreational waters but may not reflect the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, a global leader in bacterial fatalities. Since many community‐acquired S. aureus skin infections are associated with high recreational water usage, this study measured and modeled S. aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and FIB (Enterococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens) concentrations in seawater and sand at six beaches in Hilo, Hawai‘i, USA, over 37 sample dates from July 2016 to February 2019 using culturing techniques. Generalized linear models predicted bacterial concentrations with physicochemical and environmental data. Beach visitors were also surveyed on their preferred activities. S. aureus and FIB concentrations were roughly 6–78 times higher at beaches with freshwater discharge than at those without. Seawater concentrations of Enterococcus spp. were positively associated with MRSA but not S. aureus. Elevated S. aureus was associated with lower tidal heights, higher freshwater discharge, onsite sewage disposal system density, and turbidity. Regular monitoring of beaches with freshwater input, utilizing real‐time water quality measurements with robust modeling techniques, and raising awareness among recreational water users may mitigate exposure to S. aureus, MRSA, and FIB.Practitioner Points
Staphylococcus aureus and fecal bacteria concentrations were higher in seawater and sand at beaches with freshwater discharge.
In seawater, Enterococcus spp. positively correlated with MRSA, but not S. aureus.
Freshwater discharge, OSDS density, water turbidity, and tides significantly predicted bacterial concentrations in seawater and sand.
Predictive bacterial models based upon physicochemical and environmental data developed in this study are readily available for user‐friendly application.
Development and validation of a predictive model for choledocholithiasis
Authors: Huerta‐Reyna Raúl , Guevara‐Torres Lorenzo , Martínez‐Jiménez Mario Aurelio , Armas‐Zarate Francisco , Aguilar‐García Jorge , Waldo‐Hernández Luis Ivan , Martínez‐Martínez Marco Ulises 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundGallstone‐related conditions affect a significant portion of the population, with varying prevalence among different ethnic groups. Complications such as pancreatitis and cholangitis are associated with the presence of common bile duct (CBD) stones. Existing guidelines for diagnosing choledocholithiasis lack precision, leading to excessive use of invasive procedures like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).MethodsA prospective study was conducted at Hospital Central “Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto,” involving 374 patients in the development cohort and 154 patients in the validation cohort. Patients meeting inclusion criteria underwent biochemical testing and ultrasonography. A predictive scoring system was developed using logistic regression and validated in an independent cohort. Clinical and laboratory variables were collected, and model performance was assessed using receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe predictive model incorporated variables such as age, pancreatitis, cholangitis, bilirubin levels, and CBD stone presence on ultrasound. The model demonstrated an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 93.81% in the validation dataset. By adjusting the threshold defining high‐risk probability to 40%, the model improved specificity and sensitivity compared to existing guidelines. Notably, the model reclassified patients, leading to a more accurate risk assessment.ConclusionsThe developed algorithm accurately predicts choledocholithiasis non‐invasively in patients with symptomatic gallstones. This tool has the potential to reduce reliance on costly or invasive procedures like magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and ERCP, offering a more efficient and cost‐effective approach to patient management. The user‐friendly calculator developed in this study could streamline diagnostic procedures, particularly in resource‐limited healthcare settings, ultimately improving patient care.
Counting $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 8 black holes as algebraic varieties
Authors: Chowdhury Abhishek , Maji Sourav 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We calculate the helicity trace index B14 for $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 8 pure D-brane black holes using various techniques of computational algebraic geometry and find perfect agreement with the existing results in the literature. For these black holes, microstate counting is equivalent to finding the number of supersymmetric vacua of a multi-variable supersymmetric quantum mechanics which in turn is equivalent to solving a set of multi-variable polynomial equations modulo gauge symmetries. We explore four different techniques to solve a set of polynomial equations, namely Newton Polytopes, Homotopy continuation, Monodromy and Hilbert series. The first three methods rely on a mixture of symbolic and high precision numerics whereas the Hilbert series is symbolic and admit a gauge invariant analysis. Furthermore, exploiting various exchange symmetries, we show that quartic and higher order terms are absent in the potential, which if present would have spoiled the counting. Incorporating recent developments in algebraic geometry focusing on computational algorithms, we have extended the scope of one of the authors previous works [1, 2] and presented a new perspective for the black hole microstate counting problem. This further establishes the pure D-brane system as a consistent model, bringing us a step closer to $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 2 black hole microstate counting.
An observable in Classical Pure AdS3 Gravity: the twist along a geodesic
Authors: Wang Xiao-Shuai , Wu Jie-qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a little-studied observable in classical pure AdS3 gravity: the twist along a geodesic. The motivation is that the twist only supports on the geodesic so may be a candidate element in the center of the algebra in either entanglement wedge associated to the geodesic. We study the properties of the twist and get the following results. First, we get the system’s evolution generated by the twist, which exhibits a relative shift along the geodesic. Second, we show that the twist commutes with the length of the same geodesic, which supports the proposal that the twist is a candidate element in the center.
A note on ideal C$$^*$$-completions and amenability
Authors: Kochanek Tomasz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor a discrete group G, we consider certain ideals $$\mathcal {I}\subset c_0(G)$$

I
⊂

c
0

(
G
)

of sequences with prescribed rate of convergence to zero. We show that the equality between the full group C$$^*$$

∗

-algebra of G and the C$$^*$$

∗

-completion $$\textrm{C}^*_{\mathcal {I}}(G)$$

C
I
∗

(
G
)

in the sense of Brown and Guentner (Bull. London Math. Soc. 45:1181–1193, 2013) implies that G is amenable.
Swirl flow stability: thermodynamic analysis and experiments
Authors: Maršík František , Trávníček Zdeněk , Weigand Bernhard , Seibold Florian , Antošová Zuzana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current paper presents a theoretical analysis of swirl flow stability, both inside a tube (vortex tube) and in a free annular swirl flow. The starting concept is the study of the evolution of velocity and temperature fluctuations. Methods of non-equilibrium thermodynamics are used to describe the magnitude of fluctuations and their properties. The important role of the total enthalpy follows from a variational analysis. Moreover, the thermodynamic criterion of the stability is formulated using the total enthalpy, and compared with experiments, numerical results and classical Rayleigh theory support its applicability. It was shown that the solid body vortex is at the margin of stability, which is experimentally observed. Analogously, the potential vortex is by the thermodynamic criterion stable; however, by the Rayleigh criteria it is on the onset of stability. The classical Taylor experiment of flow between two rotating cylinders is analysed from the point of view of this criterion. These results are underlined by swirl tube experiments at the Institute of Aerospace Thermodynamics at Stuttgart University and the annular nozzle experiments performed in the Institute of Thermomechanics CAS in Prague. Both independent experiments confirm the transformation of the initial annular vortex into a stable potential-type vortex. The results of this theory can also be used to explain the exceptional stability of tropical cyclones.
Taxonomic characterization of Sphaerotilus microaerophilus sp. nov., a sheath-forming microaerophilic bacterium of activated sludge origin
Authors: Narihara Shiori , Chida Shun , Matsunaga Naoki , Akimoto Ryosuke , Akimoto Mizuki , Hagio Aoi , Mori Tomomi , Nittami Tadashi , Sato Michio , Mun Sehui , Kang Hyeonjin , Back Ji Hwan , Takeda Minoru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA microaerophilic Gram-stain-negative bacilliform bacterial strain, FB-5 T, was isolated from activated sludge in Yokohama, Japan, that exhibited filamentous growth and formed a microtube (sheath). Cells were motile using a single polar flagellum. The optimum growth temperature and pH were 30 °C and 7.5, respectively. Strain FB-5 T was catalase-negative. Peptides and amino acids were utilized as energy and carbon sources. Sugars and organic acids were not utilized. Vitamin B12 enhanced the growth of strain FB-5 T. Sulfur-dependent lithotrophic growth was possible. Major respiratory quinone was UQ-8. Major fatty acids were C16:1ω7 and C16:0. The genomic DNA G + C content was 69.16%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene suggested that strain FB-5 T belongs to the genus Sphaerotilus. The close relatives were S. natans subsup. sulfidivorans and S. natans subsup. natans with 98.0% and 97.8% similarity based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis, respectively. The genome size (6.06 Mbp) was larger than that (4.39–5.07 Mbp) of the Sphaerotilus strains. The AAI values against the related strains ranged from 71.0 to 72.5%. The range of ANI values was 81.7 − 82.5%. In addition to these distinguishable features of the genome, the core genome and dDDH analyses suggested that this strain is a novel member of the genus Sphaerotilus. Based on its physiological properties and genomic features, strain FB-5 T is considered as a novel species of the genus Sphaerotilus, for which the name S. microaerophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FB-5 T (= JCM 35424 T = KACC 23146 T).
The effect of e-cigarettes on cognitive function: a scoping review
Authors: Novak Marissa L. , Wang Grace Y. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aim
Much research has been conducted on the acute effects of nicotine on human cognitive performance, demonstrating both enhancing and impairing cognitive effects. With the relatively recent introduction of electronic cigarettes (‘e-cigarettes’) as a smoking cessation device, little is known about the cognitive effects of e-cigarettes specifically, either as a nicotine replacement device or in the absence of nicotine. The purpose of this review was to present an overview of evidence from empirical studies on the effect of e-cigarettes on cognitive function.

Approach
Guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews guidelines (PRISMA-ScR), SCOPUS, PubMed, and EBSCOhost were searched from 2006, the year e-cigarettes were introduced, to June 2023 for relevant papers, along with reference lists checked for additional papers.

Key findings
Seven experimental and four cross-sectional survey studies were identified and included. The majority of the studies only include regular and current cigarette smokers and primarily assessed the acute cognitive effect of e-cigarettes relative to nicotine. While the findings primarily suggest either no or positive effect of e-cigarettes on cognition in cigarette smokers, associations between e-cigarettes and cognitive impairments in memory, concentration and decision making were reported in both cigarette smokers and never-smokers.

Implications and conclusions
The acute cognitive effect of e-cigarettes on regular cigarette smokers appears minimal. However, long-term cognitive effect and their effects on never-smokers are unclear. Given that the increased numbers of e-cigarette users are non-smokers and/or adolescents, research with those naïve to nicotine and a developmentally vulnerable adolescent population on its long-term effect is needed.
Nile red staining for rapid screening of plastic-suspect particles in edible seafood tissues
Authors: Süssmann Julia , Fischer Elke Kerstin , Hildebrandt Lars , Walz Elke , Greiner Ralf , Rohn Sascha , Fritsche Jan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConcerns regarding microplastic (MP) contamination in aquatic ecosystems and its impact on seafood require a better understanding of human dietary MP exposure including extensive monitoring. While conventional techniques for MP analysis like infrared or Raman microspectroscopy provide detailed particle information, they are limited by low sample throughput, particularly when dealing with high particle numbers in seafood due to matrix-related residues. Consequently, more rapid techniques need to be developed to meet the requirements of large-scale monitoring. This study focused on semi-automated fluorescence imaging analysis after Nile red staining for rapid MP screening in seafood. By implementing RGB-based fluorescence threshold values, the need for high operator expertise to prevent misclassification was addressed. Food-relevant MP was identified with over 95% probability and differentiated from natural polymers with a 1% error rate. Comparison with laser direct infrared imaging (LDIR), a state-of-the-art method for rapid MP analysis, showed similar particle counts, indicating plausible results. However, highly variable recovery rates attributed to inhomogeneous particle spiking experiments highlight the need for future development of certified reference material including sample preparation. The proposed method demonstrated suitability of high throughput analysis for seafood samples, requiring 0.02–0.06 h/cm2 filter surface compared to 4.5–14.7 h/cm with LDIR analysis. Overall, the method holds promise as a screening tool for more accurate yet resource-intensive MP analysis methods such as spectroscopic or thermoanalytical techniques.
Graphical Abstract