bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of haemolysis and reporting of potassium results in samples from neonates
Authors: Jeffery Jinny , Sharma Aabha , Ayling Ruth M 
Published: April 2009

Background In vitro haemolysis is a common occurrence in clinical laboratories and causes a spurious increase in potassium. In the past, haemolysis was sought by visual inspection but is now commonly detected by automated measurement of the haemolytic index (HI). This study compared detection of haemolysis in adult and neonatal samples by inspection and measurement of HI and verified that a single equation is appropriate to correct for the increase in potassium in both haemolysed samples. Methods Laboratory staff inspected samples for haemolysis and their observations were compared with the measured HI. The potassium concentrations and haemolytic indices of 613 adult and 523 neonatal samples were correlated to derive equations to compensate for the increase in potassium with increase in HI. These were found not to differ significantly and a single equation for use in both populations was derived. Results The presence of icterus was found to decrease ability to detect haemolysis on inspection. The mean (95% confidence limits) potassium increase per unit HI was 0.0094 mmol/L (0.0078–0.0103 mmol/L) for adults and 0.0108 mmol/L (0.0094–0.0121 mmol/L) for neonates. The equation developed to compensate for potassium release in haemolysed samples was: adjusted potassium = measured potassium − (HI in μmol/L × 0.01). Conclusion The use of HI rather than visual inspection is particularly recommended in neonates whose serum tends to be icteric. It can be used in the same correction equation as in adults to compensate for potassium released due to haemolysis and facilitate reporting a qualitative comment to assist in immediate clinical management.
Ischaemia-modified albumin in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sbarouni Eftihia , Georgiadou Panagiota , Koutelou Maria , Sklavainas Ioannis , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Voudris Vassilis 
Published: April 2009

Background Biomarkers of myocardial necrosis may be increased in patients with chronic heart failure. We investigated whether ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA), a marker of ischaemia, is also elevated in patients with compensated heart failure, due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods We studied 42 patients with DCM and an equal number of age-matched normal volunteers. We assessed IMA serum levels with the albumin cobalt binding test. Results IMA was 89.9 ± 13.1 (71–117) KU/L in the patient group and 93.9 ± 9.9 (76–122) KU/L in the control group, with no significant difference between the two ( P = 0.11). However, IMA differed significantly according to the New York Heart Association classification ( P = 0.003) and was negatively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction ( r = −0.40, P = 0.014). Conclusions We conclude that IMA, a marker of ischaemia, does not differ in patients with clinically stable DCM compared with normal subjects, but varies significantly in relation to the severity of the disease.
Performance of Fibrous Concrete under Sulfate Cyclic Treatment
Authors: Haddad Rami H. , Andrawes Abeer T. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
An experimental study was undertaken to investigate the potential of using steel fibers in controlling expansion and reducing damage of concrete under cyclic treatment in a sulfate solution. Cylindrical (100 × 200 mm) and prism (70 × 70 × 300 mm) concrete specimens were prepared without and with different volumetric fractions (0.5–2 %) of hooked steel (HS), brass-coated steel (BCS), or a blend of both fibers, before being cured for three weeks, and subjected to sulfate cyclic treatment in 5 % Na2SO4 solution for about 4 months. Throughout the treatment period, cracking initiation and development were monitored and expansion-time history established for the concrete prisms whereas compressive mechanical properties of the concrete cylinders were obtained and compared to those of controls. Fibrous concrete mixtures experienced less expansion and cracking extent under sulfate cyclic treatment as compared to those of plain concrete. HS at volumetric fractions of 1 to 2 % contributed more to reducing expansion and delaying cracking as compared to that of BCS fibers. Under sulfate cyclic treatment, concrete mixtures with fibers showed higher residuals for compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, toughness, and the strain at peak stress as compared to those of plain concrete. The statistical model developed for predicting the residual compressive strength as a function of induced strain, fiber type, and content showed excellent fit of the data used. Use of steel fibers in concrete contributes to maintaining its mechanical properties and elongates its lifetime in structures that are located in sulfate contaminated environments.
Analysis of Stress Concentration around Inclusions due to Thermally Induced Strain to the Steel Matrix
Authors: Allazadeh M. R. , Garcia C. I. , DeArdo A. J. , Lovell M. R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A finite element method (FEM) was employed to aid in the thermodynamic analysis of the cooling process of steel containing nonmetallic inclusions in a homogenous, isotropic, single-phase steel matrix. Three different contact techniques available in ANSYS were used in a 2-D model of Al2O3 inclusions in a 1010 steel grade to define different types of inclusion-steel interfaces. Comparisons of these numerical techniques examine the effect of the characteristic of the interface on the residual stress concentration zone around inclusions embedded in a steel matrix with an initially free stress state and their thermal interaction during the cooling process from 1300°C. Results are presented to discuss the significance of the inclusion surface and boundary conditions (axisymmetric and fully constrained) on the stress distribution within the stress concentration zone in the vicinity of the interface.
Extraabdominalis desmoid tumorral megjelenő Gardner-syndromás beteg kezelésével szerzett hosszú távú tapasztalataink és irodalmi áttekintésr
Authors: Mátrai Zoltán , Papp János , Polgár Csaba , Hitre Erika , Köves István , Oláh Edit , Andi Judit , Kiss Andrea , Vámosi Nagy István , Tóth László , Orosz Zsolt 
Published: April 2009

Absztrakt
A Gardner-syndroma a familiaris adenomatosus polyposis klinikai altípusa, autosomalis dominánsan öröklődő betegség, amelyet a gastrointestinalis traktus polyposisa és extraintestinalis elváltozások jellemeznek, mint multiplex osteomák, valamint bőr- és lágyrésztumorok. A Gardner-syndromához társuló desmoid tumorok terápiás kihívást jelenthetnek. A szerzők egy 17 éves nőbeteg esetét mutatják be, akinél a Gardner-syndroma a lumbalis régió agresszív desmoid tumorával jelent meg. A beteget a 80 hónapos utánkövetés során sebészileg, non-steroid gyulladáscsökkentőkkel, tamoxifennel és sugárterápiával kezeltük. Következtetésként elmondhatjuk, hogy familiaris adenomatosus polyposisban vagy Gardner-syndromában a desmoid tumorok megjelenése megelőzheti a betegség gastrointestinalis manifesztációját. Az ilyen betegeknél genetikai vizsgálatot és colonoscopiát kell végezni, megelőzendő a későbbi colorectalis rosszindulatú daganat kialakulását. A desmoid tumor multidisciplinaris kezelést igényel.
Hereditaer Nonpolyposis Colorectalis Carcinoma előfordulásával szerzett tapasztalatainkr
Authors: Tanyi Miklós 
Published: April 2009

AbsztraktBevezetés:A Hereditaer Nonpolyposis Colorectalis Carcinoma (HNPCC) a leggyakrabban előforduló, vastagbéldaganatok kialakulására hajlamosító öröklődő megbetegedés. Az összes vastagbéldaganat mintegy 3–5%-áért felelős. Előfordulásával kapcsolatos magyarországi adatok még nem állnak rendelkezésre.Betegek és módszer:1997–2006 között 809 vastag-béldaganatban szenvedő beteg családi anamnaesisét mértük fel. Első vizsgálati szakban retrospektív, a második szakban prospektív adatszerzést alkalmaztunk. Ezt követően immunhisztokémiai és mikroszatellita-instabilitási vizsgálatokat végeztünk, majd DNS-szekvenálás és multiplex ligatio dependens próba amplifikációs módszer segítségével kerestük a betegség hátterében álló MMR gének mutációit és a nagy deletiókat.Eredmények:Vizsgálataink során 10 patogén mutációt és számos polimorfizmust találtunk. Hét mutációt az Amszterdam Kritériumokat egyértelműen teljesítő családok között, hármat pedig a Bethesda Kritériumokat teljesítő családok esetén sikerült igazolnunk. A valós populációs adatokat reprezentáló második vizsgálati szakban a betegeink 6%-a egyértelműen teljesítette az Amszterdam Kritériumokat, és a betegek 1,7%-ában tudtuk igazolni valamelyik MMR gén patogén mutációját.Összefoglalás:Tíz igazolt patogén mutáció közül nyolcat munkacsoportunk közölt elsőként. Nem tudtunk igazolni ismétlődően előforduló mutációkat. A mutációk elszórtan helyezkednek el a különböző MMR gének különböző exonjain. A teljes vizsgálati soron átesett Amszterdam-pozitív családjaink 77%-ában tudtunk mutációt igazolni, mely megelőzi a nemzetközi adatokat. A patogén mutációt hordozó családok 30%-a nem került volna felismerésre az Amszterdam Kritériumok egyedüli alkalmazásával. Az Amszterdam és Bethesda Kritériumok egyidejű alkalmazása szükséges ahhoz, hogy lehetőleg minden mutációhordozó családot felismerjünk.
Toxicity of Rotenone and Antimycin to Silver Carp and Bighead Carp
Authors: Rach Jeff J. , Boogaard Michael , Kolar Cynthia 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe general public, natural resource managers, and government agencies have become increasingly concerned about the continued spread of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp H. nobilis in the Mississippi River basin and their potential spread into the Great Lakes. An integrated approach of chemical, biological, and physical measures is needed to reduce Asian carp populations in these waters. Rotenone and antimycin are the only general piscicides that are registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for controlling fish populations. Considerable information is available regarding the toxicity of these chemicals to numerous fish species. However, there is little available toxicity information indicating the potential for these chemicals to control Asian carp. In this study, Prenfish (5% rotenone) and antimycin (90% antimycin-A) toxicities to silver carp and bighead carp were assessed in acute toxicity and effective contact time tests. Each acute toxicity test consisted of fish being exposed to nine concentrations of a toxicant for 96 h in a static bath. In effective contact time tests, silver carp and bighead carp were exposed to the toxicants for 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 h in a static bath. After each chemical exposure period, fish were transferred to recovery tanks containing freshwater for a 96-h mortality evaluation period. Tests were conducted at 12, 20, or 27°C, and all concentrations were tested in triplicate. Effective contact time tests more accurately estimated expected field treatment mortality than did acute toxicity tests for exposures of 12 h or less. The acute toxicity trials for silver carp and bighead carp underestimated antimycin toxicity for 12-h exposures and overestimated Prenfish toxicity. In effective contact time trials, Prenfish-treated fish became immobilized early in the exposures and appeared moribund; however, many of these fish recovered in freshwater. Antimycin-treated fish that appeared unaffected by the chemical later died when placed in recovery tanks. Some native fish species survived antimycin or Prenfish exposures that killed Asian carp; however, the differences in sensitivity between these native fish species and Asian carp are not sufficient to permit selective removal of Asian carp from natural bodies of water. Prenfish and antimycin were both more toxic in warmer water than in cooler water, and both compounds would be toxic to Asian carp if applied within label concentration guidelines.
Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and ratios on Lemna gibba growth responses to triclosan in laboratory and stream mesocosm experiments
Authors: Fulton Barry A. , Brain Richard A. , Usenko Sascha , Back Jeffrey A. , King Ryan S. , Brooks Bryan W. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The effects of co-occurring nutrient and contaminant stressors are very likely to interact in aquatic systems, particularly at the level of primary producers. Site-specific nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations are often much lower and differ in relative availability than those used in nutrient-saturated laboratory assays for aquatic plants, which can introduce uncertainty in prospective ecological hazard and risk assessments. Because triclosan, an antimicrobial agent included in personal care products, potentially presents high relative risk among antimicrobial agents to aquatic plants and algae, we performed laboratory experiments with the model aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba across a gradient of environmentally relevant N:P levels with and without triclosan co-exposure. Frond numbers (7 d) were significantly higher in N:P treatments of 16 and 23 but were lower in N:P of 937 and 2,500 treatments relative to standardized control media (N:P = 3). When triclosan co-exposure occurred at high nutrient concentrations, frond number median effective concentration values at N:P 0.75, 3, and 16 were more than twofold lower than triclosan median effective concentration values in low nutrient media N:P ratios. However, a triclosan median effective concentration for frond number was twofold lower at N:P of 2,500 than at other N:P ratios in low concentration media. Influences of P enrichment on triclosan toxicity to L. gibba were further explored during a 14-d outdoor experimental stream mesocosm study. Effects of 2.6 and 20.8 μg L−1 triclosan on L. gibba growth rates were more pronounced with increasing P treatment levels, which was generally consistent with our laboratory observations. Findings from these laboratory and field studies indicate that site-specific nutrient concentrations and ratios should be considered during assessments of primary producer responses to chemical stressors.
Rediscussion of charged dilaton-axion black hole entropy
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Gui Yuanxing 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We rediscuss the entropy of a charged dilaton-axion black hole for both the asymptotically flat and non-flat cases by using the thin film brick-wall model. This improved method avoids some drawbacks in the original brick-wall method such as the small mass approximation, neglecting the logarithm term, and taking the term L
3 as the contribution of the vacuum surrounding the black hole. The entropy we obtain turns out to be proportional to the horizon area of the black hole, conforming to the Bekenstein-Hawking area-entropy formula for black holes.
Can Ising model and/or QKPZ equation properly describe reactive-wetting interface dynamics?
Authors: Efraim Yael , Taitelbaum Haim 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The reactive-wetting process, e.g. spreading of a liquid droplet on a reactive substrate is known as a complex, non-linear process with high sensitivity to minor fluctuations. The dynamics and geometry of the interface (triple line) between the materials is supposed to shed light on the main mechanisms of the process. We recently studied a room temperature reactive-wetting system of a small (∼ 150 μm) Hg droplet that spreads on a thin (∼ 4000 Å) Ag substrate. We calculated the kinetic roughening exponents (growth and roughness), as well as the persistence exponent of points on the advancing interface.
In this paper we address the question whether there exists a well-defined model to describe the interface dynamics of this system, by performing two sets of numerical simulations. The first one is a simulation of an interface propagating according to the QKPZ equation, and the second one is a landscape of an Ising chain with ferromagnetic interactions in zero temperature.
We show that none of these models gives a full description of the dynamics of the experimental reactivewetting system, but each one of them has certain common growth properties with it. We conjecture that this results from a microscopic behavior different from the macroscopic one. The microscopic mechanism, reflected by the persistence exponent, resembles the Ising behavior, while in the macroscopic scale, exemplified by the growth exponent, the dynamics looks more like the QKPZ dynamics.
Noise analysis of coaxial Schottky barrier carbon nanotube fets using non equilibrium Green’s function formalism
Authors: Hassaninia Iman , Ghayour Rahim , Abiri Habib , Sheikhi Mohammad 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The effect of noise on the performance of Schottky Barrier Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (SB-CNTFETs) has been investigated under various bias conditions. In order to calculate the noise power spectral density, the Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function formalism (NEGF) is used to obtain the transmission coefficient and the number of carriers inside the channel. Results are presented in two sections: In the first section the Hooge’s empirical rule is used to investigate the flicker noise properties of SB-CNTFETs with defects in the gate oxide region, while in the second section the thermal and shot noise properties of SB-CNTFETs are studied. Finally, the best bias points in the ON and OFF states have been suggested according to the total noise power spectral density and the device signal to noise ratio.
Evaluating the Sustainability of Harvest Among Northern Common Eiders Somateria Mollissima Borealis in Greenland and Canada
Authors: Gilliland Scott G. , Grant Gilchrist H. , Rockwell Robert F. , Robertson Gregory J. , Savard Jean‐Pierre L. , Merkel Flemming , Mosbech Anders 
Published: April 2009

Sustainable harvest, the extraction of game without affecting population viability, is a desirable approach to the use of wildlife. However, overharvest has been responsible for the decline of many wildlife populations globally, so there is an urgent need to balance human requirements while avoiding the severe depletion of wild populations. Northern common eiders Somateria mollissima borealis are heavily hunted in Canada and Greenland, but the effect of this intensive harvest has not been examined. We developed a population model to investigate the sustainability of the reported harvest, which consisted of two wintering areas in Greenland and Atlantic Canada and three breeding populations. The model indicated that harvest in Atlantic Canada was sustainable, but a number of conditions could lead to slow declines. In contrast, the annual winter harvest of 55,000–70,000 eiders reported during 1993–2000 in Greenland was not sustainable, and this conclusion held under a wide range of alternate conditions. The model indicated that harvest during late winter may have a greater effect on populations than harvest in early winter. We further refined the model to assume that at some low population level the success of hunters would decline and that harvest became a function of population size (a rate). This scenario had the expected and undesirable result of stabilizing populations at very low levels. Overall, our model suggests that the high harvest reported in Greenland during 1993–2000 endangers the sustainable use of the northern common eider population and that management actions are required. Common eider harvest levels in Greenland should be reduced by at least 40% of the 1993–2000 levels to stop projected declines, and allow for recovery of the decimated Greenland breeding population. Encouragingly, new hunting regulations were introduced in Greenland in 2002–2004, and harvest levels appear to be decreasing. If these harvest reductions continue, our population model could be used to re‐evaluate the status of populations in the two countries.
Survival and Reproduction of Pen‐Reared vs Translocated Wild Pheasants Phasianus colchicus
Authors: Musil David D. , Connelly John W. 
Published: April 2009

We compared vital rates of two different ring‐necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus stocks (pen‐reared and wild) and assessed effects of predator control on these pheasants released into current range. Wild (31 males and 112 females) and pen‐reared (230 males and 1,059 females) ring‐necked pheasants were released in spring into two areas in southern Idaho during 2000–2001 to augment low resident populations. Wild female survival (value ± 95% CI) from 1 March‐1 October was significantly greater than that of pen‐reared females in both 2000 (0.40 ± 0.14, N = 62 vs 0.04 ± 0.07, N = 49) and 2001 (0.43 ± 0.16, N = 40 vs 0.08 ± 0.10, N = 40). Of 134 documented deaths of radio‐marked female pheasants, 54% were due to unknown predation, 26% to mammalian predators, 12% to avian predators, 4% to natural causes, and 4% were human caused. Wild females had a 0.23 ± 0.09 (N=88) nesting rate and pen‐reared females 0.28 ± 0.18 (N = 25). During 2001, predators were removed within our study areas. Survival of wild male pheasants increased after predator removal (0.20 ± 0.35, N = 6 vs 0.70 ± 0.28, N = 10), but survival did not increase for either stock of female pheasants after predator removal. Predator control did not increase the number of hens surviving to reach the nesting season (1 May), nesting rate or nest success. Wild female pheasants were seven times more likely to survive translocation to 1 October, 10 times more likely to survive to the nesting season, eight times more productive, and one‐third as expensive per egg hatched than pen‐reared females. Low survival, poor productivity and higher costs of spring‐released pen‐reared female pheasants strongly suggest that this is an inappropriate management tool for increasing pheasant numbers.
Cardiovascular Agents
Authors: Joshi Gajanan S. , Burnett James C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCardiovascular disease still remains the nation's number one killer of men and women of all races, in spite of tremendous advances in basic and clinical research greatly helping to improve the prevention, treatment, and mortality of heart disease. It is estimated that ∼40% of Americans (∼60 million between the ages of 40–70) suffer from some degree of this disease. The problem of treating heart diseases has been at the forefront of the international medical community, and the cardiovascular drug market has been leading the drug discovery efforts in sales for the past two decades. A constant flow of new and effective drugs has kept this sector in its number one position and will continue to do so in the future.The development of unique, novel, and tissue specific cardiac drugs to replace or supplement existing therapies for various cardiac disorders continues to generate significant and growing attention. This has evolved hand‐in‐hand with research that has facilitated a better understanding of the underlying causes of cardiac disease states. The first draft of the human genome map is a turning point in the research for new medicines that will address the cause, versus the symptoms, of many human ailments including cardiovascular diseases.This article focuses on the review of past treatments, significant new developments, and future therapies for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. The article is divided into six sections: antiarrhythmic agents, antianginal agents, antihypertensive agents, antilipemic agents, antithrombolytic agents, and other therapeutics. Each section is further discussed in depth as per the classification of agents based upon their mechanism of action and clinical application. This article is designed primarily to serve the needs of a wide audience.