bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of Internet Cognitive Behavioural Treatment for Social Phobia with and Without Motivational Enhancement Strategies
Authors: Titov Nickolai , Andrews Gavin , Schwencke Genevieve , Robinson Emma , Peters Lorna , Spence Jay 
Published: October 2010

Objective: The present study (Shyness 7) has two aims: Firstly, to replicate an earlier trial showing that a self-guided Internet treatment for social phobia is efficacious, and secondly, to examine whether the addition of self-guided motivational enhancement strategies improves completion rates and clinical outcomes. Method: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) of self-guided Internet-based cognitive behavioural treatment (iCBT), or iCBT plus self-guided motivational enhancement strategies (iCBT+MS), was conducted. An intention-to-treat and last observation carried forward model was used for data analyses. The participants consisted of 108 volunteers with social phobia. The iCBT intervention consisted of two online lessons about symptoms and treatment of anxiety disorders and six lessons about management of social phobia (the Shyness programme) with complex automated reminders. The motivational intervention was based on traditional techniques including understanding and exploring ambivalence about change using a cost–benefit analysis, developing and resolving discrepancy between values and symptoms, and enhancing self-efficacy for change. The main outcome measures were the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale. Results: More iCBT+MS group participants completed the eight lessons than iCBT group participants (75% versus 56%, respectively), but there were no between-group differences in outcome measures at post-treatment or at 3 month follow up. Large mean within-groups effect sizes (Cohen's d) for the two social phobia measures were found for both the iCBT and iCBT+ MS groups (1.1 and 0.95, respectively), which were sustained at 3 month follow up (1.06 and 1.07, respectively). Both iCBT and iCBT+MS group participants reported that the procedures were highly acceptable. Conclusions: Both self-guided versions of the Shyness programme were reliably efficacious, confirming that people with social phobia may significantly benefit from a highly structured self-guided intervention. The addition of motivational techniques increased completion rates but did not improve clinical outcomes or acceptability.
Patterns of Alcohol Use and Associated Physical and Lifestyle Characteristics According to New Australian Guidelines
Authors: Coulson Carolyn E. , Williams Lana J. , Henry Margaret J. , Berk Michael , Lubman Dan I. , Brennan Sharon L. , Nicholson Geoffrey C. , Kotowicz Mark A. , Korn Sam , Pasco Julie A. 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To describe the pattern of alcohol consumption and associated physical and lifestyle characteristics in a population-based sample of Australian men. Method: A community-based age-stratified random sample of 1420 men (median age 56 years, range 20–93) participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, an epidemiological study set in south-eastern Australia. Daily alcohol intake was ascertained from a detailed food frequency questionnaire and categorized according to the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council 2009 guidelines (non-drinkers, greater than zero but ≤2 drinks per day, > 2 drinks per day), with a standard drink equivalent to 10 g of ethanol. Anthropometry was measured and lifestyle factors self-reported. Body composition was determined using dual energy absorptiometry. Socio-economic status was categorized according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics data. Results were age standardized to the Australian male population figures. Results: The median daily ethanol consumption was 12 g (IQR 2–29) per day with a range of 0–117 g/day. The age-standardized proportion of non-drinkers was 8.7%, 51.5% consumed up to two drinks per day (≤ 20 g ethanol/day), and 39.9% exceeded 2 standard drinks per day (> 20 g ethanol/day). Alcohol consumption was positively associated with cigarette smoking, weight, higher SES and inversely with age and physical activity. Conclusions: Approximately, 40% of Australian men consume alcohol at levels in excess of current recommendations, which in combination with other risk factors may adversely impact upon health.
Relationship Between Subjective Experiences and Psychopathological Dimensions in Schizophrenia
Authors: Kim Jong-Hoon , Byun Hee-Jung , Ann Jun-Hyung , Lee Jinyoung 
Published: October 2010

Objective: Subjective experiences are subtle, self-experienced disturbances, a thorough description of which is provided within the framework of the concept of basic symptoms. Recent studies have shown that subjective experiences have important diagnostic implications for schizophrenia and related disorders. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between subjective experiences and psychopathological dimensions in schizophrenia. Method: Sixty-seven outpatients with schizophrenia were evaluated. Subjective experiences were comprehensively assessed using the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire (FCQ). Symptoms of schizophrenia were evaluated using the Manchester Scale (MS). Pearson's partial correlation analysis was performed between the FCQ and the MS scores, controlling for the influence of extrapyramidal adverse effects. Results: The analysis revealed that the MS positive symptom score had significant positive correlations with the FCQ total score and subscales scores. The MS negative symptom score did not have significant correlations with the FCQ scores. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that subjective experiences are significantly associated with positive symptomatology in schizophrenia, suggesting that they may share a common underlying neural basis. Future prospective studies are necessary to confirm the stability of these relationships and to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of subjective experiences in a diverse group of patients at different stages of illness.
Acute Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and Pancreatitis in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Gwee Karen , Teh Andrew , Huang Chia 
Published: October 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the presentation and clinical management of a patient with anorexia nervosa complicated by superior mesenteric artery syndrome and pancreatitis, and discuss the association between these conditions. Method: We present a case report and briefly review the relevant literature. Results: A 17-year-old girl with undiagnosed anorexia nervosa presented acutely with abdominal symptoms and vomiting. After numerous investigations, she was diagnosed with the rare condition of superior mesenteric artery syndrome and pancreatitis, leading to a prolonged hospital admission and management on both an acute medical/surgical ward and an eating disorders unit. Conclusions: Anorexia nervosa has been associated with superior mesenteric artery syndrome and pancreatitis. Clinical awareness of these conditions can result in prompt diagnosis and optimal management of these patients.
Mind the Evidence Gap: Do we have Any Idea about How to Integrate the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa into the Australian Mental Health Context?
Authors: Bosanac Peter , Newton Richard , Harari Edwin , Castle David 
Published: October 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper is to review recent developments in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) and how this translates to clinical and population-based care in the Australian context. Conclusions: Overall, there is a paucity of high-quality research into treatments for AN, albeit that a number of biological and psychological interventions show promise as avenues for further research. There are significant impediments to the provision of comprehensive longitudinal care for people with AN within Australian mental health services. Evaluation of novel strategies, such as home-based support, is required as part of enhancing options for Australians suffering with AN and their families.
Superplasticity in nanocrystalline ceramics: pure grain boundary phenomena or not?
Authors: Domínguez-Rodríguez Arturo , Gómez-García Diego , Castillo-Rodríguez Miguel , Zapata-Solvas Eugenio , Chaim Rachman 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Superplasticity in ceramics has been the subject of intense research activity for the last two decades. Quite recently, the fabrication of fully dense nanocrystalline oxides with grain size below 100 nm enabled examination of their superplastic behaviour. This work presents a critical analysis of the plasticity of two important nanostructured oxide systems: MgO and yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystals. A thorough comparison of their plastic deformation reveals that nano-structuring may be a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for superplasticity in ceramics as commonly assumed. Instead, the changes in the chemical composition and the transport properties, through the bulk and at grain boundaries, versus temperature and grain size can induce a rich variety of mechanical responses.
Preparation and evaluation of chitosan-gelatin composite scaffolds modified with chondroitin-6-sulphate
Authors: Emami Shahriar Hojjati , Abad Ali Moradi Ahmad , Bonakdar Shahin , Tahriri Mohammad Reza , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali , Bahar Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the properties of porous chitosan–gelatin scaffolds. The modification of samples was done by incorporation of chondroitin-6-sulphate in bulk phase through cross linking with glutaraldehyde. Scaffolds were prepared using the freeze-drying method. An in vitro cell culture of fibroblasts L-929 was employed to study the growth and attachment of cells to the scaffolds. Optical microscopy showed high cell density for the sample supplemented with chondroitin-6-sulphate. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the growth and attachment of cells. Results of the tests revealed that the sample with a 65: 35 ratio of gelatin and chitosan was suitable for both cell attachment and proliferation in fibroblast cultures. The cell viability 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay with human mesenchymal stem cells on the previous sample showed about 80 % increase in cell viability. To analyze the mechanical properties of scaffolds, the tensile strengths of the samples were measured and all samples showed stress at break above 0.1 MPa. Optimum substratum composition for porous scaffolds would involve a compromise between the desired attributes of biocompatibility, promotion of cell growth and mechanical strength.
The melting diagram of the Ti–Dy–Sn system below 40 at.% Sn
Authors: Fartushna Y. , Meleshevich K. , Samelyuk A. , Bulanova M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Phase equilibria in the Ti–Dy–Sn system below 40 at.% Sn were studied using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, metallography and electron microprobe. The partial liquidus and solidus projections and the melting diagram (liquidus + solidus) were constructed. A new ternary compound τ with composition Ti4.2–4.3Dy0.8–0.7Sn≲3, found by us previously, melts congruently above 1 543 °C and coexists with all the phases based on the binary compounds of the boundary binaries in the concentration interval studied.
The liquidus surface is characterized by primary crystallization regions of (βTi), (βDy), (αDy), (Ti3Sn), (Ti2Sn), (Ti5Sn3), (Dy5Sn3) and τ. Five three-phase fields in the solidus surface result from three eutectic and two transition type invariant four-phase equilibria: LE1
⇄ (βTi) + (Ti3Sn) + (Dy5Sn3), LE2
⇄ (Ti3Sn) + τ + (Dy5Sn3), LE3
⇄ (βTi) + (αDy) + (Dy5Sn3), LU1
+ (Ti2Sn) ⇄ (Ti3Sn) + τ and LU2
+ (Ti2Sn) ⇄ (Ti5Sn3) + τ at 1 524, 1 500, 1 150, 1 543 and 1 498 °C, respectively.
In the two-phase areas (βTi) + (Dy5Sn3), (Ti3Sn) + (Dy5Sn3), (Ti2Sn) + τ and τ + (Dy5Sn3) the solidus surface has the temperature maxima at 1 620, 1 540, > 1 543 and > 1 500 °C, respectively.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of differently extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Huppmann Michael , Reimers Walter 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Profiles of the magnesium alloy AZ31 were produced by conventional indirect extrusion and by indirect extrusion into counterpressure with variations of the billet temperature TB from 200 °C up to 350 °C. Microstructural examination by optical microscopy showed that for extrusion trials carried out with billet temperatures TB ≤ 250 °C fine dynamically recrystallized grains are found while elongated grains of the former cast structure remain. Above TB ≥ 300 °C most grains show higher dynamic recrystallization kinetics and additional static recrystallization and increase to grain sizes of d = 30 – 50 μm. At TB ≤ 250 °C the typical extrusion fiber texture is found, at TB ≥ 300 °C a double fiber texture is formed due to static recrystallization. The results of the quasistatic mechanical tests are due to these differences in the microstructure.
Relationship between Ig-E Levels and Lung Function Tests in Children with Asthma
Authors: Begum JA , Islam MI , Hoque SKA , Islam MT , Hossain MZ , Matin A 
Published: October 2010

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disorder in childhood. A high level of Ig E is associated with asthma. Objectives: The present study was carried out to observe the relation of serum IgE level with lung function parameters in asthma children and apparently healthy normal children. Methods: This study was carried out in the out patient department of paediatrics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka between January 2010 and June 2010. Total sixty children with age range from six to fifteen years of both sexes were included in this study. Thirty children suffering from asthma and thirty apparently healthy children with no systemic disorder were taken as study population. Serum Ig-E levels were measured in all subjects using a standard Immulite assay by ELISA method. Subjects were classified as having high IgE if their total IgE level was greater than or equal to 100 IU /ml .Subjects were classified as having low IgE if their total IgE level was less than 100 IU /ml. Spirometry was conducted on all patients by using Spirolab a new generation spirometer according to American Thoracic Society standards. Data were analyzed by unpaired t test and Chi-squares test. Results: The mean percentage of predicted values of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% were significantly lower in high Ig E (>100 IU/ml) level group in comparison with low Ig E(<100 IU/ml) group. Conclusion: Therefore the result of the present study reveals that higher IgE is related with lower lung function and also there were more chance in symptoms based asthma in our study populations. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6242 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 3-6.
L'interprétation de l'infortune : un itinéraire Senufo (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Sindzingre Nicole Alice 
Published: October 2010

Nicole Sindzingre : L'interprétation de l'infortune : un itinéraire Senufo (Côte d'Ivoire).
À partir de l'exemple d'un « itinéraire thérapeutique » observé au sein d'une communauté Senufo du nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire, Nicole Sindzingre illustre les difficultés rencontrées par l'« anthropologie médicale » dans les sociétés où le système bio-médical est récent et minoritaire. L'analyse des réponses apportées aux problèmes posés par l'infortune (en l'occurence, la maladie) conduit à donner un sens très spécifique aux notions de causalité, d'efficacité et plus globalement de rationalité.
Du symtôme organique à la norme sociale : des médecins dans un « groupe Balint »
Authors: Herzlich Claudine 
Published: October 2010

Claudine Herzlich : Du système organique à la norme sociale : des médecins dans un « Groupe Balint ».
À partir de l'observation, poursuivie au cours de deux années, du fonctionnement d'un « Groupe-Balint », Claudine Herzlich aborde le problème de la norme sociale que, par sa position d'expert, le médecin autorise ou non à enfreindre (le pouvoir du médecin devenant ici pouvoir d'autoriser) et met en évidence son articulation avec la notion de plaisir. Au-delà des spécificités d'une relation thérapeutique qui pose le problème de l'évolution future de ce type de pratiques, cette étude fait apparaître qu'il n'y a pas de discours médical unique et monolithique, et montre à quel point la médecine est ouverte aux courants d'influence et aux changements de valeurs dans la société globale.
Expériences des drogués et positions institutionnelles : le cas de l'hôpital Marmottan
Authors: Guerrieri Riccardo , Pinell Patrice 
Published: October 2010

Riecardo Guerrieri, Patrice Pinell : Expériences des drogués et positions institutionnelles : le cas de l'hôpital Marmottan.
Prenant appui sur une analyse en profondeur du fonctionnement du secteur d'hospitalisation du centre Marmottan - analyse replacée elle-même dans le contexte plus large de l'ensemble du champ institutionnel concerné - les auteurs décrivent les conditions socio-historiques ayant présidé à la création de ce centre, ainsi que les propriétés caractéristiques de cet espace social, des agents qui s'y investissent et de la nature des enjeux qui y ont cours.
À propos d'une O.N.G. de développement sanitaire : l'Église catholique en Afrique et les soins de santé primaires.
Authors: Berche Thierry 
Published: October 2010

Thierry Berche: Primary health care and the Catholic Church as a non governmental organization.
Non governmental organization (N.G.O.) have an important role to play in the Third World as well as in Western countries. In French-speaking black Africa, the Catholic Church is a prominent N.G.O. in the field of development and more particularly of health. The author has observed seven African countries between 1981 and 83; he examines the specific problems posed by the activities of this N.G.O. in societies plagued with shortages and insecurity. He concludes that the curative model, offered to a badly organised and poorly trained peasantry, cornes to maintaining under-development without remedying it.
La « maison du blanc » : la place du dispensaire dans les stratégies thérapeutiques des Bisa du Burkina.
Authors: Fainzang Sylvie 
Published: October 2010

Sylvie Fainzang : La « casa del blanco » : el sitio del dispensario en las estrategias terapéuticas de los Bisa del Burkina.
Apoyándose en el ejemplo de una sociedad del oeste de Africa, los Bisa del Burkina (ex-Alta-Volta), el autor, atenta a los procesos intelectuales que rigen las conductas observables en materia de recursos terapéuticos, se interroga sobre el impacto de la medicina occidental en las representaciones locales en lo que se relaciona a la enfermedad y las estrategias vinculadas a su aparición. Particularmente, intenta poner de realce que la presencia de una institución particípe del sistema médico occidental, como lo es el dispensario, puede tener insercio en el conjunto de las instituciones que toman a cargo la enfermedad en terreno rural : en efecto, lejos de introducir una ruptura decisiva con éstas, la práctica bio-médica es integrada, si no es absorta por la lógica local de las estrategias terapéuticas, estrategias basadas en un sistema cohérente de representaciones de la enfermedad.
L'évolution du conseil génétique aux États-Unis de 1940 à 1980 : pratique et légitimation.
Authors: Terrenoire Gwen 
Published: October 2010

Gwen Terrenoire : La evolucion del consejo genético en los E.E.U.U. desde 1940 hasta 1980 : práctica y légitimatión.
Diéronse como misión, las primeras clínicas de consejo genético en los E.E.U.U., difundir acercá del público informes relativos a las enfermedades hereditarias y a su prevención. Eran los consejeros esencialmente investigadores universitarios que definían los objetivos de su práctica según unos principios que marcaban su oposición a la manera de concebir los eugenistas de principios de siglo, las relaciones entre la génetica y la sociedad. Se tradujo la medicalización del consejo genético en los años sesenta por una insistencia de la prevención individual. Pero el descubrimiento, a fines del mismo decenio, de técnicas de diagnóstico prenatal tuvo como consecuencia el pasar de nuevo al sector público de la salud el objetivo de prevención. Dicho objetivo tomaba a cargo una parje importante de las campañas de detección de las enfermedades hereditarias graves y costosas para la colectividad. Para el consejo génetico vuelve a ser planteada de nuevo la cuestión de una vuelta hacia comportamientos y prácticas represivas en materia de procreación humana.
Analyse idéaltypique de carrières de patients.
Authors: Gerhardt Uta , Kirchgässler Klaus 
Published: October 2010

Uta Gerhardt, Klaus Kirchgässler : Analysis of ideal-types in patient careers.
An appropriate approach toward reconciling medical sociology and its theories with the specifie nature of medicine as an applied or practical science may be found in biographical research. In such research methods the objectivity of the knowledge about the patients' history must be seriously considered. We suggest that the idea of the idealset, as developed by Max Weber, may be useful in this research. In order to verify this, we demonstrate how we have used it ourselves in two empirical studies of the careers of kidney patients and epileptics. Each part of the analysis is presented separately and in order, from the specific case study to the sociological abstractions. The question of validity is examined for each part. Finally, some unresolved practical and theoretical problems are discussed.
Logique et statut de la production familiale de santé
Authors: Bungener Martine 
Published: October 2010

Martine Bungener : Lógica y estatuto de la produción familiar de salud.
El que la familia tome a cargo la enfermedad y los cuidos es presentado a veces como una solución para reducir el coste financiero de la hospitalización. Ha salido, pués, del dominio único de competencia de los sociólogos o psicólogos clinicianos para volverse objeto de estudios explícito de los economistas. Inscríbese su análisis en la elaboración de una corriente téorica nueva : la de la produciôn doméstica. Pero resultan mal apropiadas a este tipo de objeto las herra- mientas que tiene el economista a su disposition en el seno de su propia disciplina. Le pertenece, pues, construir su objeto en la Idgica de su disciplina sin dejar de considerar las adquisiciones de las otras Ciencias Sociales. una corriente téorica nueva : la de la produción doméstica. Pero resultan mal apropiadas a este tipo de objeto las herramientas que tiene el economista a su disposición en el seno de su propia disciplina. Le pertenece, pués, construir su objeto en la Iógica de su disciplina sin dejar de considerar las adquisiciones de las otras Ciencias Sociales.
Le temps, l'espace en génétique. Intervention médicale et géographie sociale du gène
Authors: Bourret Pascale 
Published: October 2010

Pascale Bourret: Time and Space in Genetics. Medical Acts and the Social Geography of the Gène.
Prenatal diagnosis, which has developed over the last fifteen years, is radically at odds with traditional medical practice in terms of its objectives and the medical acts to which it gives rise. For it is a practice which is predictive in nature. Because it can, under no circumstance, unlike classical diagnosis, involve therapy, it leads to the practice of selection of the fœtus.
The article is concerned to give an account of the medical acts, the technologies and the knowledge associated with this new technique, ail of which are necessarily social in import, given the impossibility of separating medical from social considérations in this field. The new forms of social engineering which médical genetics opens up are analysed as being the production of a social geography where what is at stake is the production, by means of the body which gives it its tangible shape, of the very quality of life.