bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVIDENCE FOR A FEMALE-PRODUCED PHEROMONE IN THE WHITE PINE CONE BEETLE, CONOPHTHORUS CONIPERDA (SCHWARZ), AND IN THE RED PINE CONE BEETLE, C. RESINOSAE HOPKINS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: de Groot P. , DeBarr G.L. , Birgersson G.O. , Pierce H.D. , Borden J.H. , Berisford Y.C. , Berisford C.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEvidence for a female-produced sex pheromone in the white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz), and the red pine cone beetle, C. resinosae Hopkins, was obtained from laboratory bioassays and field experiments conducted with C. coniperda beetles from Ontario and North Carolina. In an olfactometer, males from both species responded significantly more to volatiles from females than to volatiles from males or cones. Generally, females did not differ in their response to female-, male-, or cone-produced volatiles. Both sexes responded to host volatiles. The strong response by male C. coniperda to females was confirmed in field tests.
COMPARISON OF MALE AND FEMALE RESPONSES TO DICOFOL IN EUROPEAN RED MITE,PANONYCHUS ULMI(KOCH), USING A RAPID ASSAY TECHNIQUE
Authors: Mable B.K. , Pree D.J. , Denbesten T.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractConcentration:response regressions were established for male and femalePanonychus ulmifrom dicofol resistant and susceptible laboratory colonies using a rapid assay technique which utilizes pesticide residues in enclosed Petri dishes. Modification of the technique, which was developed for females, allowed reproducible results with males. Males and females from the resistant population showed similar levels of resistance compared with the susceptible population (ca. 4-fold). Within populations, males were approximately 3-fold more sensitive than females. Implications of these differences for field populations and the usefulness of males in inheritance studies are discussed.
A SURVEY OF PREDATORY MITES IN ONTARIO APPLE ORCHARDS WITH DIVERSE PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
Authors: Thistlewood H.M.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLeaves were collected between 28 July and 10 September from 36 (1986) and 85 (1987) apple orchards, and examined for mites. Twelve species of Phytoseiidae were found: Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), Typhlodromus longipilus Nesbitt, A. andersoni (Chant), T. caudiglans Schuster, T. pyri Scheuten, T. pomi (Parrott), Phytoseius macropilis (Banks), T. herbertae Chant, A. driggeri Specht, A. finlandicus (Oudemans), T. conspicuus (Garman), and A. pusillus (Kennett), in order of frequency. The stigmaeid mites Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and Agistemus fleschneri Summers, a complex of erythraeid mites of Balaustium spp. and Hauptmannia spp., and tydeid mites, primarily Tydeus spp., were other common predatory species. Species of Tetranychidae, Bdellidae, Eriophyidae, Winterschmidtiidae, and Tarsonemidae, also were collected.Predatory mites were present each season in all abandoned orchards and in 43–74% of the commercial orchards. Their abundance in commercial orchards was compared with the use of insecticides applied only for control of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.). Fewer (P < 0.05) phytoseiids occurred where pyrethroids were employed than in sites without pyrethroids, but differences were not found for similar use of the carbamoyl oxime, methomyl. Fewer (P < 0.05) stigmaeids occurred in sites treated with methomyl than in sites without methomyl, whereas such differences were not found for pyrethroid use.
USE OF LIFE HISTORY PARAMETERS TO IMPROVE A REARING METHOD FOR HORN FLY, HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS IRRITANS (L.) (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), ON BOVINE HOSTS
Authors: Lysyk T.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn improved method for rearing horn flies, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), on bovine hosts is reported in which adult flies were confined in cages fastened to the backs of stanchioned cattle. Survival of females was 75% per day and longevity averaged 3.5 days. Oviposition began when females were 2 days old. The number of eggs produced per female entering the population averaged 20.1, and a single female could produce up to 112 eggs in her lifetime. Immature survival averaged 48.9%. The generation growth rate was 4.91 females per female. Generation time was 20 days at 25°C. Approximately 1–3.8 g of manure per egg is recommended for larval rearing. Pupae can be stored at 10°C for up to 18 days with little loss in viability. Methods for using the life history information for optimizing rearing are discussed.
EFFICACY AND TIMING OF PERMETHRIN MISTBLOWER SPRAYS FOR THE CONTROL OF FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH,ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSISMUT. AND FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Helson B.V. , Auger M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMistblower applications of permethrin at 70 g AI per hectare to individual white spruce trees near the onset of the hatching period reduced spruce budmoth,Zeiraphera canadensisMut. and Free., larval populations by 90% and damage to leaders to a very acceptable index of 0.49. A dosage of 35 g AI per hectare was less effective but did provide acceptable leader protection (damage index: 0.93). Further mistblower trials, designed to determine the optimum time to spray with permethrin, demonstrated that at 70 g AI per hectare, effective control (87–94%) and acceptable protection (damage indices: 0.87–1.13) were obtained during a 9-day period before the onset of hatch. An earlier treatment. 11 days before hatch, did not provide as effective control (58%) or acceptable protection (damage index: 1.60). Two later treatments, 3 and 4 days after the onset of hatch, gave less effective control (75–79%) but did provide acceptable leader protection (indices: 0.83–1.17).
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND LARVAL DENSITY ON FLIGHT PERFORMANCE OF DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA LECONTE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Naranjo Steven E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe influence of temperature and larval density on the flight performance of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte was quantified in the laboratory using a tethered flight system. Temperature had a significant influence on trivial flight performance in males and in both young (5 day) and older (25 day) females. The proportion of beetles undertaking trivial flight, and trivial flight duration and frequency peaked at temperatures around 20–25°C. Generally, males were more active than females at lower temperatures. Female beetles did not display sustained flight behavior at 15 or 35°C and males did not undertake sustained flight at 30 or 35°C. Sustained flight duration was unaffected by temperature. Rearing larvae at different densities influenced adult size but had only subtle effects on adult flight performance. Larval density significantly influenced trivial flight duration and frequency of older females and flight frequency of males but had no effect on young females. In general, trivial flight performance peaked when larvae were reared at moderate densities (500–750 per primary rearing container). In young females the propensity for sustained flight, but not flight duration, declined with increasing larval density.
ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF ENZYMES FROM A GLOSSINA FUSCIPES FUSCIPES NEWSTEAD POPULATION FROM WESTERN KENYA
Authors: Rajendram G.F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEnzymes were investigated, by electrophoresis, in a population of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead collected from Rusinga Island in Lake Victoria, Western Kenya.The following enzymes were tested: glucose phosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), hexokinase. isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate-dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase, and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH).Single monomorphic bands were stained by the following enzymes apparently under the control of single loci: G6PDH, MDH, and XDH. The enzyme IDH showed two bands with very close mobilities and no variation among individuals in the population. Hence IDH was considered as representing a single locus. Glucose phosphate isomerase manifested three alleles and apparently six genotypes. Phosphoglucomutase manifested a double-banded pattern representing an autosomal locus.
CHARACTERIZATION AND PHENOLOGY OF A PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLE COMMUNITY IN A CENTRAL ALBERTA LAKE
Authors: Aiken R.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe species composition, diversity, and phenology of a community of water beetles (Dytiscidae) were studied over a 4-year period at George Lake, Alta. There was a pronounced trend of decreasing diversity between years due to the loss of several rarer species. In any year, there were distinct seasonal assemblages of different species, as well as a group of permanent residents. There were few differences in species composition between various microhabitats in the lake. The decline in diversity is attributed to habitat stability and competitive success of one species.
EVALUATION OF FOLIAR SPRAYS AGAINST THE TUBER FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX TUBERIS GENTNER (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON POTATO
Authors: Vernon R.S. , Mackenzie J.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe efficacies of registered and unregistered foliar sprays against the tuber flea beetle, Epitrix tuberis Gentner, were compared in 1987, 1988, and 1989 at Abbotsford, B.C. Beetles were released serially in treatment plots and visually counted after each release to determine the effectiveness and longevity of residual control. In 1989, emergence cages placed over previously treated plants measured the effect of sprays on the next generation of beetles. Pyrethroids generally resulted in beetle mortality for longer periods of time than did the nonpyrethroids carbaryl, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and methamidophos. Several pyrethroids provided residual beetle control for up to 7 days after application. In 1989, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin were as effective in suppressing emergence of the next generation of beetles as was granular phorate applied at seeding. These studies demonstrated that foliar sprays can be a key component of E. tuberis management programs, especially those operating on soil types where the use of granular insecticides is restricted.
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER AND BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALSAMO) VUILLIMEN FOR EUROPEAN CORN BORER CONTROL: PROGRAM FOR IMMEDIATE AND SEASON-LONG SUPPRESSION
Authors: Lewis L.C. , Bing Lori Anderson 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCombinations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subspecies kurstaki and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillimen formulated on granules were applied separately and in combination to field corn to suppress larval populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). Research was conducted in 2 separate years. Laboratory-reared O. nubilalis eggs or larvae were placed on the plant during either the whorl stage (V6) or the pollen-shedding stage (R1) to simulate first- and second-generation O. nubilalis oviposition periods, respectively. Efficacy was determined by measuring the length of European corn borer tunnels in the corn stalk at harvest time. In the 1st year, first generation, and second generation (of 2nd year) B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana alone and in combination caused significant reductions in tunneling compared with that in the check populations. There were no significant differences in tunneling between any treatments in the second-generation study of year 1. Bacillus thuringiensis and B. bassiana were independent of each other in their suppression of insects. Tunneling by the naturally occurring second-generation larvae (year 2) was recorded to determine if B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana applied in the V6 stage persisted in the plant. Pith samples were excised from nodal plates 7–10 of the corn stalk to determine the incidence of B. bassiana. There was a significant correlation (r = −0.376) (P≤0.05) between the occurrence of B. bassiana in the corn plant and tunneling by second-generation larvae. These data indicate that B. bassiana placed in the whorl of the corn plant may provide season-long suppression of O. nubilalis.
FIELD EVALUATION OF THE PHOTOTOXIN, ALPHA-TERTHIENYL, FOR REDUCING LARVAL POPULATIONS OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) AND ITS IMPACT ON DRIFT OF AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES
Authors: Dosdall L.M. , Galloway M.M. , Arnason J.T. , Morand P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of alpha-terthienyl (α-T) for reducing larval populations of black flies was determined in two streams in southeastern Ontario. By 24 h post-treatment, larval black fly population reductions greater than 90% resulted from exposure to calculated dosages of 0.04 and 0.10 mg-L−1 α-T emulsifiable concentrate over distances of 1.0 and 1.5 km, respectively. Significant population reductions were not observed 2.3 km downstream from injection of the 0.10 mg·L−1 dosage, probably because a marshy area upstream from this sampling site slowed the transport and enhanced photodegradation of α-T. Alpha-terthienyl initiated catastrophic drift of benthic invertebrates that was not selective for any functional feeding group. Significant increases in post-treatment drift, relative to pre-treatment densities, were observed downstream from treatment for eight of 10 taxa studied and included filter-feeders, grazers, and predators. Upstream from treatment, significant increases between sampling days were observed for only two taxa. The catastrophic and nonselective impact of α-T on invertebrate drift preclude its usefulness as an alternative to black fly larvicides used currently, although specialized applications for α-T may exist in integrated black fly control programs.
POTENTIAL OF MATING DISRUPTION USING SEX PHEROMONE FOR CONTROLLING THE GRAPE BERRY MOTH, ENDOPIZA VITEANA (CLEMENS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN NIAGARA PENINSULA, ONTARIO VINEYARDS
Authors: Trimble R.M. , Pree D.J. , Vickers P.M. , Ker K.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of mating disruption for controlling the grape berry moth, Endopiza viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was evaluated from 1987 to 1989 in the Niagara peninsula, Ont. Mating disruption was tested in commercial vineyards with high-, moderate-, and low-density grape berry moth populations using the Biocontrol Ltd. tape-type and wire-type pheromone dispensers. Pheromone-baited trap catches were reduced by 92% or more in plots treated with pheromone. Treatment with pheromone significantly reduced damage (percentage infested clusters) compared with an untreated control in each of two tests, and provided control as good as or better than an insecticide control programme in two of four tests. Damage increased from 1.3- to 12.8-fold between successive generations in plots treated with pheromone, and was greater on the borders of some plots treated with pheromone or insecticide. It is concluded that mating disruption may have potential as a control method for use in the integrated management of E. viteana.
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE “BLACK-BACKED” SPECIES OF APHIS L. (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON LEGUMINOSAE IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Robinson A.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFive species of Aphis Linnaeus from Leguminosae in North America which have large dorsal sclerotized areas on apterous viviparous females are known: A. craccae Linnaeus, A. craccivora Koch, A. cytisorum Hartig, A. astragalina Hille Ris Lambers, and A. gallowayi sp.nov., described from Astragalus pectinatus Douglas, Bow Valley Provincial Park, Alberta.
NORTH AMERICAN WATER MITES OF THE GENERA PHREATOBRACHYPODA COOK AND BHARATALBIA COOK (ACARI: HYGROBATOIDEA: ATURENAE)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMorphological and distributional data are presented for the North American species of the genera Phreatobrachypoda Cook, 1963 and Bharatalbia Cook, 1967. These mites live in gravel deposits associated with riffle areas and the hyporheic zone of streams. Female adults of Phreatobrachypoda multlpora Cook are redescribed, and males of this species are described for the first time. Adults of P. robusta Cook and P. acuta Habeeb are redescribed, and males and females of these two species are correctly correlated for the first time. Male and female adults of two new species of Phreatobrachypoda are described. The male mite described as Japonaxonopsis nuiakiensis Imamura is reassigned to Phreatobrachypoda, and the name Japonaxonopsis becomes a junior synonym of Phreatobrachypoda. Two subgenera, Phreatobrachypoda (s.s.) and Ameribrachypoda subgen.nov., are proposed and diagnosed based on the morphology of the dorsal shield, genital field, and fourth pair of legs of males. A key to known species of die genus is presented. Male and female adults of two new species of Bharatalbia (Japnnalbia) are described, and the deutonymph of one of these species is correlated with adults and described. This is the first reported occurrence of this genus in North America.All North American species of Phreatobrachypoda and Bharatalbia inhabit coastal areas in Oregon and California. The highly disjunct distributions of these genera suggest that species of both were widespread throughout western North America and eastern Eurasia during the Tertiary Era, but survived the Pleistocene only in isolated temperate refugia well beyond the southern limit of glaciers.
NORTH AMERICAN WATER MITES OF THE FAMILY MOMONIIDAE VIETS (ACARI: ARRENUROIDEA). IV. REVISION OF SPECIES OF STYGOMOMONIA (SENSU STRICTO) SZALAY, 1943
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMorphological, life history, and distributional data are presented for North American species of the subgenus Stygomomonia (sensu stricto) Szalay, 1943. Adults of the seven previously recognized species are redescribed, and deutonymphs of five of these species are described for the first time. Two species, S. (s.s.) neomexicana Cook and S. (s.s.) occidentalis Cook are substantially revised on the basis of an examination of the types and extensive series of newly collected specimens. Three new species are described, S. (s.s.) californiensis on the basis of deutonymphs and adults, and S. (s.s.) imamurai and S. (s.s.) cooki on the basis of adults. A new diagnosis of the subgenus is proposed and discussed, the relationships of the various species are discussed, and a key to deutonymphs and adults of North American species is presented. New distributional data are presented for all species, and dispersal patterns from Pleistocene refugia are discussed.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF ERYTHRAEIDAE (ACARI: PROSTIGMATA) ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEMENS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN MAINE
Authors: Welbourn W. Calvin , Jennings Daniel T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo new species of the mite family Erythraeidae (Acari: Prostigmata: Parasitengona) found associated with the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Maine are described. Larvae of Leptus treati sp.nov. parasitize spruce budworm adults; L. treati is the first member of the genus to have both larval and postlarval instars described. Adults of Balaustium kendalli sp.nov. prey on spruce budworm eggs; B. kendalli is only the second member of the genus to have both larval and postlarval instars described.
DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS FOR CONTROL OF GYPSY MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) IN ONTARIO. I. AERIAL SPRAY TRIALS IN 1988
Authors: Cunningham J.C. , Kaupp W.J. , Howse G.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA double application of Disparvirus, a nuclear polyhidrosis virus, at 1.25 × 1012 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per hectare, giving a total of 2.5 × 1012 PIB per hectare, was applied aerially on three plots in an emitted volume of 10.0 L per hectare. The two applications were 3 days apart and most larvae were in the first instar. Three plots were selected as untreated checks; each was paired with a treated plot on the basis of pre-spray gypsy moth egg-mass numbers and locality. The pre-spray egg-mass counts ranged from 1430 to 8520 per hectare in the six plots. Assessment of the treatment was based on numbers of pupae and fall egg masses as well as on estimates of defoliation and on microscopic examination of larvae collected at weekly intervals to determine the incidence of virus infection. Between 12 and 19 days post-spray, 49, 61, and 85% of the larvae were infected with virus in the three treated plots compared with 3, 7, and 14%, respectively, of larvae in the check plots. Red oak was 14% defoliated in two of the treated plots compared with 82 and 90% in their corresponding check plots. The third plot suffered 46% defoliation due to leaf-eating caterpillars other than gypsy moth; defoliation in its corresponding check plot was 31%. Reductions in egg-mass numbers in the treated plots were 76, 93, and 98% compared with an increase of 56% and decreases of 50 and 70%, respectively, in corresponding check plots. Corrected population reductions (Abbott’s formula) were 84, 85, and 92% in the three treated plots.
RUDOLFINA DIGITATA SP.NOV., A NEW NEARCTIC SPHAEROCERID WITH A DISJUNCT ALPINE–ARCTIC DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Marshall S.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRudolfina digitata sp.nov. (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae, Limosininae) is described from the Yukon and Alaska and from alpine tundra in Alberta, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and New Hampshire. This distribution is discussed with respect to the hypothesis that these areas are postglacial refugia for arctic and subarctic species.
NEW SPECIES OF WATER MITES (ACARI: HYDRACHNIDA) OF THE GENERA BANDAKIA (ANISITSIELLIDAE), CHAPPUISIDES (CHAPPUISIDIDAE), AND NEOACARUS (NEOACARIDAE) FROM MEXICO
Authors: Cramer Cristina , Smith Ian M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdults of Bandakia hoffmannae sp.nov., Bandakia mexicana sp.nov., Chappuisides notialis sp.nov., and Neoacarus adocetus sp.nov., all collected in the mountains west of Mexico City, are described. These are the first reports of species of these three essentially holarctic genera from south of the United States border in North America. These discoveries provide new insight concerning the extent of refugial areas for freshwater arthropods in southern North America during the Pleistocene.
INVITATION PAPER (C.P. ALEXANDER FUND): CLASSICAL BIOCONTROL OF WEEDS: ITS DEFINITION, SELECTION OF EFFECTIVE AGENTS, AND ADMINISTRATIVE–POLITICAL PROBLEMS
Authors: Harris Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDilemmas in weed biocontrol are wide ranging. Even the term biological control is confusing as meanings may be restricted to the use of parasites and predators or extend to the use of all non-chemical means of control. Another problem is that two-thirds of the agents released do not become numerous enough to inflict major damage to the weed population, although this statistic is misleading as it includes agents costing little in pre-release studies where failure is of little consequence and those costing about two scientist years each, or currently about $400,000. Many of the suggestions for improvement are costly and time consuming. Delay is unacceptable where agent release is seen by sponsors as a mark of progress in a program likely to require 20 years and funding is difficult. Analysis of previous biocontrol attempts for attributes of "success" have been disappointing, partly because there are a number of steps involved, each with its own attributes. This paper recognizes four graded "success" steps and discusses many agent selection methods.There are public demands for a change in emphasis from chemical to biological control; but in the absence of effective enabling legislation, the practice of biocontrol can be legally and politically hazardous; biocontrol should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team but it is usually assigned to a single scientist; it needs to branch in new directions to remain scientifically stimulating, but this increases the risk of failure. Possible solutions for these dilemmas are discussed.