bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-Mineralization Capability of Two Natural Nano-Plant Extracts on Early Enamel Caries using Diode Laser
Authors: Moharam Lamiaa Mahmoud , Sadony Doaa Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

Background:
To investigate diode laser application and two natural nano-plant extracts effect on the re-mineralization and surface micro-hardness of early enamel carious lesions.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty enamel specimens were selected and prepared then divided into eight groups (10 specimens per group), according to diode laser irradiation, two nano-plant extracts (garlic and clove nano-plant extracts) and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, that were applied to demineralized enamel surfaces as follows; Group A; garlic nano-plant extract, Group B; clove nano-plant extract, Group C; application of APF gel, Group D; garlic nano-plant extract + diode laser, Group E; clove nano-plant extract + diode laser, Group F; application of APF gel + diode laser, Group G; diode laser, Group H; early enamel caries (control). Specimens were examined for their content of Ca, P, and F ions and their surface Vickers micro-hardness. The tests used for the statistical analysis were one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's (honestly significant difference) post hoc tests.

Results:
No statistically significant difference was detected between the tested groups for Ca and P content, while Group A recording the highest mean value. Group C recorded the highest F ion content values, while G and H groups recorded the least values. Group F recorded the highest significant micro-hardness values, while Group H recorded the least values.

Conclusions:
Garlic and clove nano-plant extracts may present a promising enamel re-mineralizing agents. Combination of both nano-extracts with diode laser application had a positive influence on enamel chemistry and micro-hardness.
Oral Health Beahviour of the Endangered Toto Tribe of North Bengal
Authors: Mukherjee Sudarshana , Banerjee Sohini , Biswas Chhanda , Bandopadhyay P.K. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The Toto tribe is a small tribal population who inhabit a tiny hamlet on the northern fringe of the state of West Bengal and is on the verge of extinction. They have their unique oral health behaviour and oral hygiene habits. Aims and Objectives: To study their unique oral health behaviours and traditional oral hygiene habits untouched by civilization.

Material and Methods:
A sum total of 515 adult Toto Populations were participated and observed for their oral health behaviour by means of door to door survey and OHI-S was recorded.

Results:
The prevalence of deleterious oral habits was found to be very high among this population with only 4.1% abstaining from any kind of oral habits. The most popular habit among this population was the chewing of betel nut(91.6%).

Discussion:
The study showed a unique blend of unchanged tribal habits and that of the practises and oral heath behaviour of primitive tribe.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of School Teachers Regarding Dental Caries for School Children in Navi Mumbai, India
Authors: Patil Devendra , Khakhar Pooja , Katge Farhin , Bhanushali Nikhil , Bhanushali Parin , Deshpande Shantanu 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Schools form a platform for molding habits in children, and teachers have a potential role in school-based dental education programs.

Aim:
The objective of this study was to evaluate level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of school teachers regarding dental caries in children in schools of Navi Mumbai.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among school teachers in Navi Mumbai. A total of 554 teachers completed the questionnaire, which included questions on demographic data, knowledge about etiology of dental caries, its prevention, their attitude, practice, and role of teachers in the management of dental caries. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test.

Results:
A total of 554 school teachers filled the questionnaire. The number of female teachers (84.8%) was very high as compared to male teachers. Approximately 60% of study population considered bacteria and amount of sweets consumed as the cause of dental caries. More than 52% considered eating less sugar as one of the ways to prevent caries. Furthermore, 57.4% of teachers were willing to implement future training programs on caries prevention.

Conclusion:
Knowledge regarding dental caries among school teachers in Navi Mumbai was adequate. Teachers were willing to participate in oral health promotion training programs.
Awareness about Loose Tobacco Ban among Tobacco Users and Vendors
Authors: Ezhumalai Sinu 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Ban on smoking in public places reduced the number of smokers considerably. According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2, tobacco use is decreased by 3% in Karnataka. However, the loose sale of tobacco products encourages the practice as tobacco users continue to use tobacco by purchasing loose tobacco products. Hence, the present study was carried out to assess the compliance of loose tobacco ban in Bidar city of Karnataka.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the compliance on loose tobacco ban in Bidar City.

Methods:
The exploratory research design was used. The study was cross-sectional and community based in nature.

Sample Size:
98; 50 vendors and 48 consumers were randomly selected using the time-cluster sampling. Data were collected from 22 different locations using the observation and interview method within 2 km radius of Bidar City. Two separate pretested and predesigned semi-structured interview schedules were administered to tobacco users and vendors. The study was carried out in November 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Statistical analysis was done using the percentages and frequency tables.

Results:
Majority (96%) of the tobacco users were unaware of loose tobacco ban in Karnataka and prefer to buy cigarettes in loose. Four percent of tobacco users were aware that loose tobacco is banned. Majority of (76%) tobacco users think buying a full pack of cigarettes would increase smoking. There is absolutely no compliance on loose tobacco ban by tobacco vendors.
To Determine Therapeutic Effect of Curcuma Gel on Gingivitis as an Adjunct to Scaling
Authors: Devarathnamma M. V. , Pangarikar Anunay Bhaskarrao , Parab Prachi Gurunath , Aspalli Shivanand , Guttiganur Nagappa , Rangappa Janavathi 
Published: June 2024

Context:
Gingivitis is among the most prevalent periodontal disease occurring in the oral cavity, which is plaque induced and if untreated, can progress to periodontitis. Various adjunct chemotherapeutic agents are available for plaque control with their own pros and cons. Hence, a plaque-controlling therapeutic agent which is readily available at low cost and without any side effects is the need of the hour. According to the ancient texts, Ayurveda and the traditional culture of India, Curcuma longa is used externally for inflammation of skin and mucosa.

Aims:
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of curcuma gel on gingival health and its possible usage in the treatment of gingivitis.

Settings and Design:
This study comprises hundred participants with gingivitis which were divided randomly in two groups.

Subjects and Methods:
Experimental group – Scaling and topical application of curcuma gel and control group – Scaling alone without the topical application of curcuma gel. Clinical parameters (Gingival Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, and Plaque Index) were assessed at different time intervals (0, 7, 14, and 21 days) in both experimental and control groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Within groups, a repeated measures ANOVA model was used for repeated observations over a period which is followed by the Dunnett test for multiple comparisons. Experimental and control groups were compared for normally distributed data by Student's t-test. Whereas for skewed data, the Wilcoxon test or Mann–Whitney U-test was employed.

Results:
Statistically significant improvement of gingival health parameters was seen in the group which received topical curcuma oral gel application after scaling compared with the control group.

Conclusions:
Significant improvement in clinical parameters of gingivitis on the application of Curcuma oral gel after scaling with no obvious adverse effects suggesting its possible use as a topical adjunct treatment in clinical or community level prevention as well as treatment programs in the future.
Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Analysis of Oral Leukoplakia in Patna
Authors: Kumar Madhuresh , Singh Manisha , Suwasini S. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The early detection of oral potentially malignant disorder can reduce the transformation risk to oral squamous cell carcinoma, thereby reducing cancer morbidity and mortality.

Aim:
To obtain epidemiological information of oral leukoplakia (OL) and distribution of this disease in Patna.

Subjects and Methods:
Data were collected and analyzed for prevalence of OL among gender, age group, various oral sites, habits, and clinical and histopathological basis.

Results:
The overall prevalence shows high incidence of homogenous leukoplakia along with mild dysplasia in middle age male persons.

Conclusion:
Appropriate steps should be taken for early intervention, as it is the key to effective prevention.
The bridge connecting sella turcica and palatally impacted canine
Authors: Aggarwal Isha , Pradhan Ashwin , Mittal Sanjay , Bhullar Mandeep Kaur , Sachdeva Aman , Setia Merry 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
The calcification of sella trucica bridge might be positively associated with canine impaction, the reason being that sella turcica, dental epithelial progenitor cells along with maxilla, palatal, and frontonasal development share a common embryological origin (neural crest cells). Therefore their assessment might provide useful clinical information in predicting palatal canine impaction.

Aim:
To evaluate the calcification of sella turcica bridging in patients with palatally impacted canine.

Materials and method:
A total of 21 pretreatment lateral cephalograms of patients with palatally impacted canine and 29 patients with normally erupted canine were selected for the study. Lateral cephalograms of the patients were acquired and landmark were identified and marked. Various Sella values (sella length/interclinoid distance, sella depth, sella diameter) were measured. The values obtained were then subjected to statistical analysis.

Result:
Suggested that patients with a palatally impacted canine showed smaller interclinoid distance. The frequency of sella bridging was significantly higher in subjects with canine impaction than in controls (P <0.001).

Conclusion:
Sella bridging is frequently found in palatally impacted canines. The smaller intercliniod distance could be an indicative factor for diagnosis of palatal canine impaction.
Assessment of Eruption Disturbances in the Mixed Dentition Phase of a Population in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saha Nilanjana , Sil Shiladitya , Ghosh Subhankar 
Published: June 2024

Context:
Eruption disturbances in the primary dentition resulting from environmental and genetic factors can eventually lead to complex anomalies in permanent dentition. If intercepted at an early stage, such anomalies in the permanent dentition can be averted.

Aim:
In this study, the most common eruption disturbances in the mixed dentition phase have been highlighted in an ethnic group in Eastern India.

Materials and Methods:
Three thousand children between the ages of 6 and 12 years were randomly chosen with 1330 children in the experimental group and 1670 in the control group. The entire population was divided into two age groups – 6–9 years and 10–12 years. The experimental group had 680 males and 650 females. A total of nine parameters were identified that included premature loss of deciduous teeth, over-retained primary teeth, supernumerary teeth, congenital absence of permanent teeth, ankylosis, eruption cysts, etc.,

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Chi-square test was used for the analysis.

Results:
Statistically significant differences were observed for each of the parameters considered in this study with respect to the two age groups, namely 6–9 years and 10–12 years, and gender, namely male and female, of the experimental group with P < 0.01%.

Conclusion:
Accurate understanding of the pattern of eruption disturbances in the mixed dentition period of any ethnic group and/or population is imperative for timely intervention and/or referral by primary care dentists so that malocclusion in the permanent dentition can be intercepted and corrected, thereby improving the quality of life index for that ethnic group/population.
Prevalence of Oral Submucous Fibrosis among Habitual Gutkha and Areca Nut Chewer in Bihar Population
Authors: Chauhan Rashi , Singh Amit Kumar , Singh Kriti , Rani Khushboo , Anand Kumar , Tiwari Aparajita 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) among habitual gutkha, areca nut, and pan chewers of Bihar population.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted of 3000 adult patients aged over 15 years who visited the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital. They were subjected to a thorough oral examination, and the bindings were recorded in the prescribed WHO Pro forma.

Results:
Our study revealed that the prevalence of OSMF was 1.6%. The prevalence among males was 2.60% and among females was 0.16%. All the 243 cases (100%) were associated with areca nut habits.

Conclusion:
Educating the population about the deleterious effects of the practice of tobacco and related habits on the body in general and the oral cavity. It is hoped that this study would serve as a reference for further epidemiological studies on the abovementioned lesion in this region.
Push-out Bond Strength of Alkasite Restorative Material and Bulk-fill Composite Used with Universal Adhesive System
Authors: Goyal Nikita , Bogra Poonam , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Singh S. Vijay , Goyal Radhika , Bogra Madhur 
Published: June 2024

Context:
Nowadays, dentists use tooth-colored materials extensively, but the bond strength of these materials with teeth is crucial to determine their long-span durability. As a result, the bond strength of these materials must be assessed.

Aims:
This study aimed to compare the push-out bond strength of alkasite restorative material and bulk-fill composite when used with a universal adhesive system.

Settings and Design:

In vitro study to determine the push-out bond strength with a universal testing machine.

Subjects and Methods:
Forty extracted mandibular molars were taken and their occlusal surface was wet grounded with silicon carbide paper so that a smooth dentin surface was obtained. Class I cavities were prepared with a template to standardize the size of the preparation. Teeth were divided into Group I and Group II of 20 teeth each. Alkasite restorative material was used in Group I, and nanohybrid bulk-fill composite was used in Group II. Restored samples were sliced into 2 mm thick sections and examined for push-out bond strength.

Results:
Push-out bond strength of Cention-N was 201.25 and the composite was 163.69, and the results were statistically significant (P = 0.017).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Unpaired t-test.

Conclusions:
It was concluded that alkasite material had more push-out bond strength than bulk-fill composite when used with a universal adhesive system.
Impact of Oral Diseases on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Older People
Authors: Salim Reethu 
Published: June 2024

Context:
Oral diseases are an important public health problem because of their high prevalence, their impact on individuals and society, and the expensive nature of their treatment. The oral health of the older population is a global concern. Major problems include a high prevalence of missing teeth, dental caries, periodontal disease, and wasting diseases. Poor oral health has an influence on the quality of life (QoL) as well. We attempted to assess the impact of oral diseases on oral health-related QoL (OHRQoL) using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire.

Aim:
To investigate the impact of oral diseases on OHRQoL using the GOHAI questionnaires.

Settings and Design:
The study was a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted among the older populations in South Kerala.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a population-based cross-sectional study, in which 399 people participated: 200 were female and 199 were male. People above 60 years of age, who were permanent residents of the district, were recruited for the study. The sampling method used was circular systemic random sampling. Clinical examination was done according to the World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form 2013, and OHRQoL was recorded using GOHAI questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive analysis was performed using frequencies of variables, such as means and standard deviations. The bivariate analysis used Student's t-test to determine the association between variables.

Results:
The mean age of the subjects was 65 ± 5.5 years. Significant associations were found between the psychosocial domain and missing teeth (P < 0.05) and periodontitis (P < 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, an association between the pain/discomfort domain was found in denture wear (P < 0.046) and tooth sensitivity (P < 0.003).

Conclusions:
The study found a reduction in the OHRQoL among the study population. The study finding underscores the impact of oral diseases on QoL.
Prevalence of Gingivitis and Correlation between Frequency of Brushing and Gingivitis in 3- to 15-Year-Old School Children in Rural Parts of Barabanki District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gupta Vertika , Vishwanath Prerna , Tripathi Nalini 
Published: June 2024

Background:
In India, the majority population lives in rural areas where there is less awareness on the maintenance of oral health. At the rural level, less work has been done among children to determine the incidence of gingival disease and its relation to the cleaning rate. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the prevalence of gingivitis among these masses.

Aims and Objectives:
The goal of the study was to determine the prevalence of gingivitis and its relation to the frequency of tooth brushing among school-going children between 3 and 15 years of age group in rural areas of Barabanki district, India.

Materials and Methods:
The study was done on a sample size of 1200 school-going children, in which 611 boys and 589 girls are there, from rural schools of Barabanki. The sample consisted of four age groups of children from 3 to 5 years, 6–9 years, 10–12 years, and 13–15 years of age. Gingival Index given by Loe and Silness was used to determine the severity of gingivitis. The data were evaluated using the Chi-square test.

Results:
The overall prevalence of gingivitis obtained was 86.17% and it was highly significant in relation to age groups. On comparing the frequency of brushing and gingivitis in all age groups it was revealed that twice daily brushing was significantly related to healthy gingiva.

Conclusions:
The study revealed a high prevalence rate of gingivitis among children in these age groups indicating oral health program is highly recommended for both parents and school children in rural areas to maintain oral hygiene.
Etiological profile and evaluation of DPLD in real-world
Authors: Bhattacharyya Parthasarathi , Mukherjee Sikta , Mukherjee Arindam , Paul Mintu , Sengupta Sayoni , Dey Debkanya , Handa Ajoy 
Published: June 2024

Background
The perceived etiologies and the evaluation practice of concerned physicians in the real-world are important for diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) care.

Methods
An identified cohort of DPLD treating physicians was given to respond to a set of questions regarding their perception of the relative presence of common etiologies of DPLD in India and also regarding the scope and pattern of evaluation of the condition by them in real-world practice with selective inquiries about the satisfaction and constraints.

Results
122 physicians out of 150, mostly (93%) postgraduate and practicing in metropolitan and urban areas (86.07%), participated in the survey. There was the highest abstinence in reply for rare causes of DPLD. As per the highest number/percentage of responses, the perceived etiological distribution for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), non-IPF-ILD (interstitial lung disease), and connective tissue disease-associated ILD was between 11% and 25%, while that of sarcoidosis was 1% to 10 % and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis was 26% to 50%. The evaluation habit varied significantly from villages to urban and metropolitan cities. The access to high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest and spirometry was almost universal (98.36%); it dropped to 86.06% and 47.54% for DLCO and multidisciplinary discussions (MDD) (multidisciplinary discussion), respectively. The access to other investigations was variable. The practice of HRCT was universal, but it dropped by 36.30% for spirometry, 67.41% for DLCO, and 62.51% for MDD. The overall satisfaction in evaluation and follow-up was low. Financial and logistic constraints appeared prevalent along with a lack of family support.

Conclusion
The perceived real-world DPLD practice appears far short of ideal and it needs further investigations to understand the reality to change for betterment.
Assessment of Pulmonary Pulse Transit Time with Respect to Diastolic and Left Atrial Functions
Authors: Büber Ipek , Sevgican Cihan Ilyas , Davutoglu Yigit , Avunduk Saadet , Tekin Isik , Kiliç Oğuz , Kiliç Ismail Dogu 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim:
Pulmonary pulse transit time (pPTT) is a new marker of pulmonary hypertension (PH), which shows the time needed for the pulse wave to propagate from the right ventricular outflow tract to the left atrium (LA), but the relationship between pPTT and diastolic-LA function is almost unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between pPTT and LA-diastolic functions without PH.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and fifty-six patients were included in this prospectively designed study. Comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation was performed and pPTT was recorded as the time from the beginning of the R-wave on the electrocardiogram to the peak of the S-wave in the pulmonary veins.

Results:
We found a statistically significant correlation between LA total stroke volume, passive stroke volume, LA max area, LA volume (LAV) max and LA volume index (LAVi) max, and pPTT (r = 0.263** P = 0.003, r = 0.240** P = 0.007, (r = 0.339** P < 0.001, r = 0.307** P < 0.001 r = 0.199*, P = 0.024, LA total stroke volume, passive stroke volume, LA max area, LAV max, LAVi max respectively). Heart rate (HRt) and LAVi were detected as independent predictors of pPTT (hazard ratio: −2.290 P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): −3.274–1.306, HR: 0.461, P = 0.028, 95% CI: 0.050–0.873, HRt and LAVi, respectively).

Conclusion:
LAVi and HRt also affected pPTT. The dominant effect of HRt on pPTT should be considered in future studies. Larger studies are needed to determine the change and clinical significance of pPTT in left heart disease.