bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of somatostatin analogues for the treatment of pancreatic fistula
Authors: Gans S L , van Westreenen H L , Kiewiet J J S , Rauws E A J , Gouma D J , Boermeester M A 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Somatostatin analogues are used for the treatment of pancreatic fistula, with the aim of achieving fistula closure or reduction of output.

Method
MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched systematically for relevant articles followed by hand-searching of reference lists. Data on patient recruitment, intervention and outcome were extracted and meta-analysis performed where reasonable.

Results
Seven randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and included a total of 297 patients with fistulas of the gastrointestinal tract; of these, 102 patients had fistulas of pancreatic origin. Pooling of closure rates showed no significant difference between patients treated with somatostatin analogues compared with controls: odds ratio 1·52 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·88 to 2·61). Owing to inconsistent descriptions, pooling of results was not possible for other endpoints, such as time to fistula closure.

Conclusion
There is no solid evidence that somatostatin analogues result in a higher closure rate of pancreatic fistula compared with other treatments.
Approximation of physicochemical properties of homologs using recurrent and related non‐recurrent relations
Authors: Zenkevich Igor G. 
Published: March 2012

A number of updatings, both recurrent and non‐recurrent, can be suggested for recurrent relations A(n) = aA(n − 1) + b recently introduced into chemistry. Among them, the equation A(n) = a[A(n − 1) − A∞] + A∞, where A∞ denotes the limiting values of a physicochemical property at the number of carbon atoms in the molecule hypothetically tending to infinity, appears to be the most convenient and precise. The application of the new relations to evaluating the refractive indices, relative densities, and normal boiling points as examples is considered.The problem of evaluating the limiting values of various physicochemical properties, discussed in chemistry for a long time, should be reconsidered as going beyond pure theory. The concept becomes very important for real evaluation of properties of organic compounds, A(n).The application of recurrent relations simplifies the evaluation of the values of physicochemical properties of organic compounds. This problem seems to be the most important for low‐stability organic compounds, where only single homologs are properly characterized, whereas the experimentally determined properties for the most of them are lacking. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organization of the gymnotiform fish pallium in relation to learning and memory: I. Cytoarchitectonics and cellular morphology
Authors: Giassi Ana C.C. , Harvey‐Girard Erik , Valsamis Bridget , Maler Leonard 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe present article examines the anatomical organization of the dorsal telencephalon of two gymnotiform fish: Gymnotus sp. and Apteronotus leptorhynchus. These electric fish use elaborate electrical displays for agonistic and sexual communication. Our study emphasizes mainly pallial divisions: dorsolateral (DL), dorsodorsal (DD), and dorsocentral (DC), previously implicated in social learning dependent on electric signals. We found that the pallial cytoarchitectonics of gymnotiformes are similar to those reported for the commonly studied goldfish, except that DC is larger and better differentiated in gymnotiformes. We identified a new telencephalic region (Dx), located between DL and DC, and describe the morphological and some biochemical properties of its neurons. Most neurons in DL, DD, and DC are glutamatergic with spiny dendrites. However, the size of these cells as well as the orientation and extent of their dendrites vary systematically across these regions. In addition, both DD and DL contained numerous small GABAergic interneurons as well as well‐developed GABAergic plexuses. One important and novel observation is that the dendrites of the spiny neurons within all three regions remain confined to their respective territories. We confirm that DL and DC express very high levels of NMDA receptor subunits as well as CaMKIIα, a key downstream effector of this receptor. In contrast, this enzyme is nearly absent in DD, while NMDA receptors are robustly expressed, suggesting different rules for synaptic plasticity across these regions. Remarkably, GABAergic pallial neurons do not express CaMKIIα, in agreement with previously reported results in the cortex of rats. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3390–3413, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of cell proliferation throughout the brain of the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni and its regulation by social status
Authors: Maruska Karen P. , Carpenter Russ E. , Fernald Russell D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNew cells are added in the brains of all adult vertebrates, but fishes have some of the greatest potential for neurogenesis and gliogenesis among all taxa, partly due to their indeterminate growth. Little is known, however, about how social interactions influence cell proliferation in the brain of these fishes that comprise the largest group of vertebrates. We used 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) to identify and localize proliferation zones in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon that were primarily associated with ventricular surfaces in the brain of the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. Cell migration was evident in some regions by 1 day post injection, and many newborn cells coexpressed the neuronal marker HuC/D at 30 days, suggesting they had differentiated into neurons. To test the hypothesis that social status and perception of an opportunity to rise in rank influenced cell proliferation, we compared numbers of BrdU‐labeled cells in multiple brain nuclei among fish of different social status. Socially suppressed subordinate males had the lowest numbers of proliferating cells in all brain regions examined, but males that were given an opportunity to rise in status had higher cell proliferation rates within 1 day, suggesting rapid upregulation of brain mitotic activity associated with this social transition. Furthermore, socially isolated dominant males had similar numbers of BrdU‐labeled cells compared with dominant males that were housed in a socially rich environment, suggesting that isolation has little effect on proliferation and that reduced proliferation in subordinates is a result of the social subordination. These results suggest that A. burtoni will be a useful model to analyze the mechanisms of socially induced neurogenesis in vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3471–3491, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cloning and expression of tachykinins and their association with kisspeptins in the brains of zebrafish
Authors: Ogawa Satoshi , Ramadasan Priveena Nair , Goschorska Maja , Anantharajah Aveena , We Ng Kai , Parhar Ishwar S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe tachykinins are a family of neuropeptides, including substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB), that are encoded by the tac1 (SP and NKA) or tac2/3 (NKB) genes. Tachykinins are widely distributed in the central nervous system and have roles as neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators. Recent studies in mammals have demonstrated the coexpression of NKB and kisspeptin and their comodulatory roles over the control of reproduction. We have recently identified two kisspeptin‐encoding genes, kiss1 and kiss2, in teleosts. However, such relationship between tachykinins and kisspeptins has not been demonstrated in non‐mammalian species. To determine the involvement of tachykinins in the reproduction in teleosts, we identified tac1 and two tac2 (tac2a and tac2b) sequences in the zebrafish genome using in silico data mining. Zebrafish tac1 encodes SP and NKA, whereas the tac2 sequences encode NKB and an additional peptide homologous to NKB (NKB‐related peptide). Digoxigenin in situ hybridization in the brain of zebrafish showed tac1 mRNA‐containing cells in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, preoptic region, hypothalamus, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. The zebrafish tac2a mRNA‐containing cells were observed in the preoptic region, habenula, and hypothalamus, whereas the tac2b mRNA‐containing cells were predominantly observed in the dorsal telencephalic area. Furthermore, we examined the coexpression of tachykinins and two kisspeptin genes in the brain of zebrafish. Dual fluorescent in situ hybridization showed no coexpression of tachykinins mRNA with kisspeptins mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei or the habenula. These results suggest the presence of independent pathways for kisspeptins and NKB neurons in the brain of zebrafish. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2991–3012, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organization of the gymnotiform fish pallium in relation to learning and memory: II. Extrinsic connections
Authors: Giassi Ana C.C. , Duarte Terence T. , Ellis William , Maler Leonard 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study describes the extrinsic connections of the dorsal telencephalon (pallium) of gymnotiform fish. We show that the afferents to the dorsolateral and dorsomedial pallial subdivisions of gymnotiform fish arise from the preglomerular complex. The preglomerular complex receives input from four clearly distinct regions: 1) descending input from the pallium itself (dorsomedial and dorsocentral subdivisions and nucleus taenia); 2) other diencephalic nuclei (centroposterior, glomerular, and anterior tuberal nuclei and nucleus of the posterior tuberculum); 3) mesencephalic sensory structures (optic tectum, dorsal and ventral torus semicircularis); and 4) basal forebrain, preoptic area, and hypothalamic nuclei. Previous studies have implicated the majority of the diencephalic and mesencephalic nuclei in electrosensory, visual, and acousticolateral functions. Here we discuss the implications of preglomerular/pallial electrosensory‐associated afferents with respect to a major functional dichotomy of the electric sense. The results allow us to hypothesize that a functional distinction between electrocommunication vs. electrolocation is maintained within the input and output pathways of the gymnotiform pallium. Electrocommunication information is conveyed to the pallium through complex indirect pathways that originate in the nucleus electrosensorius, whereas electrolocation processing follows a conservative pathway inherent to all vertebrates, through the optic tectum. We hypothesize that cells responsive to communication signals do not converge onto the same targets in the preglomerular complex as cells responsive to moving objects. We also hypothesize that efferents from the dorsocentral (DC) telencephalon project to the dorsal torus semicircularis to regulate processing of electrocommunication signals, whereas DC efferents to the tectum modulate sensory control of movement. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3338–3368, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases
Authors: Booth Frank W. , Roberts Christian K. , Laye Matthew J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractChronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic diseases. The initial third of the article considers: activity and prevention definitions; historical evidence showing physical inactivity is detrimental to health and normal organ functional capacities; cause versus treatment; physical activity and inactivity mechanisms differ; gene‐environment interaction (including aerobic training adaptations, personalized medicine, and co‐twin physical activity); and specificity of adaptations to type of training. Next, physical activity/exercise is examined as primary prevention against 35 chronic conditions [accelerated biological aging/premature death, low cardiorespiratory fitness (Vo2max), sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, hypertension, stroke, congestive heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, arterial dyslipidemia, hemostasis, deep vein thrombosis, cognitive dysfunction, depression and anxiety, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, balance, bone fracture/falls, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, gestational diabetes, pre‐eclampsia, polycystic ovary syndrome, erectile dysfunction, pain, diverticulitis, constipation, and gallbladder diseases]. The article ends with consideration of deterioration of risk factors in longer‐term sedentary groups; clinical consequences of inactive childhood/adolescence; and public policy. In summary, the body rapidly maladapts to insufficient physical activity, and if continued, results in substantial decreases in both total and quality years of life. Taken together, conclusive evidence exists that physical inactivity is one important cause of most chronic diseases. In addition, physical activity primarily prevents, or delays, chronic diseases, implying that chronic disease need not be an inevitable outcome during life. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:1143‐1211, 2012.
Lack of lipid phosphate phosphatase‐3 in embryonic stem cells compromises neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth
Authors: Sánchez‐Sánchez Roberto , Morales‐Lázaro Sara L. , Baizabal José‐Manuel , Sunkara Manjula , Morris Andrew J. , Escalante‐Alcalde Diana 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground: Bioactive lipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) have been recently described as important regulators of pluripotency and differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells and neural progenitors. Due to the early lethality of LPP3, an enzyme that regulates the levels and biological activities of the aforementioned lipids, it has been difficult to assess its participation in early neural differentiation and neuritogenesis. Results: We find that Ppap2b−/− (Lpp3−/−) ES cells differentiated in vitro into spinal neurons show a considerable reduction in the amount of neural precursors and young neurons formed. In addition, differentiated Lpp3−/− neurons exhibit impaired neurite outgrowth. Surprisingly, when Lpp3−/− ES cells were differentiated, an unexpected appearance of smooth muscle actin‐positive cells was observed, an event that was partially dependent upon phosphorylated sphingosines. Conclusions: Our data show that LPP3 plays a fundamental role during spinal neuron differentiation from ES and that it also participates in regulating neurite and axon outgrowth. Developmental Dynamics 241:953–964, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic toxicology and toxicogenomic analysis of three cigarette smoke condensates in vitro reveals few differences among full‐flavor, blonde, and light products
Authors: Yauk Carole L. , Williams Andrew , Buick Julie K. , Chen Guosheng , Maertens Rebecca M. , Halappanavar Sabina , White Paul A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCigarette smoking leads to various detrimental health outcomes. Tobacco companies produce different brands of cigarettes that are marketed as reduced harm tobacco products. Early examples included “light” cigarettes, which differ from regular cigarettes due to filter ventilation and/or differences in chemical constituents. In order to establish baseline similarities and differences among different tobacco brands available in Canada, the present study examined the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, clastogenicity, and gene expression profiles of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) from three tobacco products, encompassing a full‐flavor, blonde, and “light” variety. Using the Salmonella mutagenicity assay, we confirmed that the three CSCs are mutagenic, and that the potency is related to the presence of aromatic amines. Using the Muta™Mouse FE1 cell line we determined that the CSCs were clastogenic and cytotoxic, but nonmutagenic, and the results showed few differences in potencies among the three brands. There were no clear brand‐specific changes in gene expression; each brand yielded highly similar expression profiles within a time point and concentration. The molecular pathways and biological functions affected by exposure included xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as inflammation. Thus, there was no appreciable difference in toxicity or gene expression profiles between regular brands and products marketed as “light,” and hence no evidence of reduced harm. The work establishes baseline CSC cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and expression profiles that can be used as a point of reference for comparison with data generated for products marketed as reduced harm and/or modified risk tobacco products. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stress–strain behaviour of fire exposed self‐compacting glass concrete
Authors: Ling Tung‐Chai , Poon Chi‐Sun 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYConcrete normally suffers from low stiffness and poor strain capacity after exposure to high temperatures. This study focused on evaluating the effect of recycled glass (RG) on the residual mechanical properties of self‐compacting glass concrete (SCGC) after exposure to elevated temperatures. RG was used to replace fine aggregate at ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by weight. The residual properties were evaluated according to compressive strength, elastic modulus, stress–strain behaviour and strain at pre‐load and peak stress. A comparative assessment of different curing conditions on the SCGC was also conducted. The results showed that there were significant decreases in compressive strength, elastic modulus and concrete stiffness of the concrete with increasing temperature. The use of RG had little influence on the elastic modulus at ambient temperature; however, after exposure to 800°C, the mechanical properties of the concrete were greatly enhanced by incorporating RG. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor angiogenesis: Role in locally aggressive biological behavior of ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor
Authors: Gadbail Amol Ramchandra , Mankar (Gadbail) Mugdha P. , Hande Alka , Chaudhary Minal S. , Gondivkar Shailesh M. , Korde Sheetal , Gawande Madhuri N. , Patil Swati , Tekade Satyjitraje , Sharma Aparna 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess and compare angiogenesis in ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumors, dentigerous cysts, and normal oral mucosa.MethodsAngiogenesis was assessed in 28 ameloblastoma–36 keratocystic odontogenic tumors, 28 dentigerous cysts, and 19 normal oral mucosa by measuring the mean vascular density (MVD), total vascular area (TVA) and mean vascular area (MVA). Immunohistochemistry was carried out by using CD105.ResultsThe nonsignificant difference of MVD was noted between ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumors (p = .174). TVA and MVA were significantly higher in ameloblastoma than keratocystic odontogenic tumors, normal oral mucosa, and dentigerous cysts (p < .001). MVD, TVA, and MVA were significantly higher in keratocystic odontogenic tumors than normal oral mucosa and dentigerous cysts (p < .001).ConclusionThe results suggest that tumor angiogenesis may play an important role in locally invasive aggressive biologic behavior of ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor. The angiogenesis could be a potent target for developing antiangiogenic therapeutic strategies, particularly in recurrent cases of odontogenic tumors. Head Neck, 2013
Implications of Technological Changes in Vehicle Routing Interfaces for Planners' Constraint Processing
Authors: Cegarra Julien , Gacias Bernat , Lopez Pierre 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study sought to assess the consequences of technological changes in vehicle routing interfaces for planners' constraint processing during route selection. An experiment featuring vehicle routing problems was designed to test interfaces reflecting technological changes, including automation leading to simplified interfaces and the display of multiple routes computed by algorithms. Twelve participants who had worked for a small transport company for 9 months were exposed to all these interfaces. Mental workload, performance, and decision‐making times were measured. Results revealed that automation decreases mental workload and decision times, attributable to the abridged (vs. unabridged) display of constraints on the interface. Results also showed that the perceptual (vs. analytical) display of routes greatly decreases decision times and enhances performances. Results are finally discussed in terms of information reliance, automation accuracy, and graphical forms tailored to meet genuine support needs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, NADPH, and cell survival
Authors: Stanton Robert C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGlucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate‐limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. Many scientists think that the roles and regulation of G6PD in physiology and pathophysiology have been well established as the enzyme was first identified 80 years ago. And that G6PD has been extensively studied especially with respect to G6PD deficiency and its association with hemolysis, and with respect to the role G6PD plays in lipid metabolism. But there has been a growing understanding of the central importance of G6PD to cellular physiology as it is a major source of NADPH that is required by many essential cellular systems including the antioxidant pathways, nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, cytochrome p450 system, and others. Indeed G6PD is essential for cell survival. It has also become evident that G6PD is highly regulated by many signals that affect transcription, post‐translation, intracellular location, and interactions with other protein. Pathophysiologic roles for G6PD have also been identified in such disease processes as diabetes, aldosterone‐induced endothelial dysfunction, cancer, and others. It is now clear that G6PD is under complex regulatory control and of central importance to many cellular processes. In this review the biochemistry, regulatory signals, physiologic roles, and pathophysiologic roles for G6PD that have been elucidated over the past 20 years are discussed. 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
Gender role affects experimental pain responses: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Alabas O.A. , Tashani O.A. , Tabasam G. , Johnson M.I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGender role refers to the culturally and socially constructed meanings that describe how women and men should behave in certain situations according to feminine and masculine roles learned throughout life. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the relationship between gender role and experimental pain responses in healthy human participants. We searched computerized databases for studies published between January 1950 and May 2011 that had measured gender role in healthy human adults and pain response to noxious stimuli. Studies were entered into a meta‐analysis if they calculated a correlation coefficient (r) for gender role and experimental pain. Searches yielded 4465 ‘hits’ and 13 studies were eligible for review. Sample sizes were 67–235 participants and the proportion of female participants was 45–67%. Eight types of gender role instrument were used. Meta‐analysis of six studies (406 men and 539 women) found a significant positive correlation between masculine and feminine personality traits and pain threshold and tolerance, with a small effect size (r = 0.17, p = 0.01). Meta‐analysis of four studies (263 men and 297 women) found a significant negative correlation between gender stereotypes specific to pain and pain threshold and tolerance, with a moderate effect size (r = −0.41, p < 0.001). In conclusion, individuals who considered themselves more masculine and less sensitive to pain than the typical man showed higher pain thresholds and tolerances. Gender stereotypes specific to pain scales showed stronger associations with sex differences in pain sensitivity response than masculine and feminine personality trait scales.