bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sunbed use and campaign initiatives in the Danish population, 2007–2009: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Køster B. , Thorgaard C. , Philip A. , Clemmensen I.H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Denmark has experienced an increase in melanoma incidence since the 1960s. In 2007, a skin cancer prevention campaign was launched, one of the targets being the widespread use of sunbeds in Denmark. The antisunbed campaign comprised public affairs initiatives and campaign activities, which included the social media, with young people as the main target.Objective  The aim of this study was to describe the development in sunbed use after the start of the campaign in the period 2007–2009.Methods  A population‐based sample of 14 514 respondents aged 15–59 years completed four questionnaires in 2007–2009 on artificial exposure to ultraviolet radiation. We examined the relations between sunbed use, time and demographic factors using logistic regression analysis.Results  The odds ratio (OR) for being a sunbed user in 2009 when compared with 2007 was 0.61 (0.54–0.69); in the age group of 15–19 years, the OR was 0.42 (0.30–0.69). In 2009, however, 23% of Danes (33% of 15–19‐year‐olds) still reported sunbed use within the past 12 months, and more than 50% had experienced sunburn caused by a sunbed. In 2009, the majority of the population, including the age group of 15–19 years, was in favour of restricting admission to sunbed parlours for children under 18 years.Conclusions  Sunbed use in Denmark decreased concurrently with the campaign activities, with the largest change in the youngest age group, which was a prioritized target of the campaign. Results suggest that a legislative solution should be found to avoid exposure of a large proportion of children to ultraviolet radiation and to reduce future melanoma incidence.
Proteinase‐activated receptors, nucleotide P2Y receptors, and μ‐opioid receptor‐1B are under the control of the type I transmembrane proteins p23 and p24A in post‐Golgi trafficking
Authors: Luo Weibo , Wang Yingfei , Reiser Georg 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem.(2011)117, 71–81.AbstractWe recently characterized the proteinase‐activated receptor (PAR)‐2, a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR), as the first cargo protein recognized by p24A. Here, we demonstrate that p24A binds to several other GPCRs, including PAR‐1, the nucleotide receptors P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11, as well as the μ‐opioid receptor 1B. The acidic amino acid residues Glu and Asp at the second extracellular loop of GPCRs are essential for interaction with p24A. p23, another member of the p24 family, also interacts with GPCRs, similar to p24A. However, p23 shows a delayed dissociation from PAR‐2 after activation of PAR‐2, compared to the dissociation between PAR‐2 and p24A. p24A and p23 arrest both P2Y4receptor and μ‐opioid receptor 1B at the intracellular compartments, as observed for PAR‐2. A comparable result was obtained when we studied primary rat astrocytes in culture. Over‐expression of the N‐terminal p24A fragment impairs PAR‐2 resensitization in astrocytes that extends our findings to a native system. In summary, we demonstrate that p24A and p23 are specific cargo receptors of GPCRs and differentially control GPCR trafficking in the biosynthetic pathway, and thereby, p24A and p23 regulate GPCR signaling in astrocytes.
Intracellular trafficking and secretion of cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor in neurosecretory cells
Authors: Sun Zong‐Peng , Gong Lei , Huang Shu‐Hong , Geng Zhao , Cheng Lei , Chen Zhe‐Yu 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 121–132.AbstractCerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a novel evolutionary conserved protein which can protect and restore the function of dopaminergic neurons in the rat model of Parkinson’s disease, suggesting that CDNF might be beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. CDNF is widely expressed in neurons in several brain regions including cerebral cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, striatum and cerebellum. Human CDNF is glycosylated and secreted from transiently transfected cells; however, the mechanism underlying CDNF secretion is currently unclear. In this study, we found that CDNF could be secreted primarily via the regulated secretion pathway in PC12 cells. The glycosylation of CDNF is not required for its secretion. Moreover, we identified two key subdomains in CDNF which are important for its intracellular localization and secretion. Disrupting helix‐1 of CDNF significantly reduces its constitutive and regulated secretion and the helix‐1 mutant is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Although helix‐7 mutation only decreases CDNF regulated secretion and has no effect on its constitutive secretion, which is further supported by the reduction in co‐localization of helix‐7 mutant with secretory granules. In all, these findings will advance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of CDNF trafficking and secretion.
Prophylactic, prandial rofecoxib treatment lacks efficacy against acute PTZ‐induced seizure generation and kindling acquisition
Authors: Claycomb Robert J. , Hewett Sandra J. , Hewett James A. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryPurpose: The goal of this study was to determine whether prophylactic prandial administration of rofecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor, could alter seizure generation, kindling acquisition, and/or kindling maintenance in the mouse pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) epilepsy model.Methods: Male CD‐1 mice were fed ad libitum with control chow or chow formulated to deliver 30 mg/kg/day rofecoxib. After 5 days, mice were treated with a single dose of 40 or 55 mg/kg PTZ (acute paradigm) or 40 mg/kg PTZ delivered daily (kindling paradigm). Seizure severity was scored on a four‐point behavioral scale and COX‐2 expression was assessed in brain slices from a subset of mice 3 h or 72 h after acute PTZ or following establishment of kindling.Key Findings: Hippocampal COX‐2 expression was transiently upregulated 3 h after an acute PTZ‐induced convulsion and returned to baseline levels within 72 h, whereas it remained elevated for at least 72 h after the final seizure in the kindling paradigm. Despite this increase, chronic rofecoxib treatment did not attenuate the severity of acute PTZ‐induced seizures and failed to alter kindling development or maintenance.Significance: The present study demonstrates that prophylactic, prandial rofecoxib treatment lacks efficacy against acute PTZ‐induced seizure generation and kindling acquisition, and does not reverse the kindled state once established.
An Integrative Review of Comprehensive Sex Education for Adolescent Girls in Kenya
Authors: Agbemenu Kafuli , Schlenk Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Purpose: The purposes of this article are to identify and review comprehensive sex education programs (CSEPs) available to adolescent females in Kenya, East Africa, to discuss barriers to implementing CSEPs in Kenya, and to highlight the role of nurses in improving and institutionalizing available CSEPs in Kenya. Design: Integrative review. Methods: A systematic search of six databases and other Internet sources was conducted to identify CSEPs currently available to adolescent girls in Kenya. Five CSEPs were identified. The CSEPs were evaluated using established criteria. Findings: All of the CSEPs were well designed and almost all were implemented with fidelity. Four of the five CSEPs met all of the criteria for well‐designed CSEPs with only one showing lack of sustainability. Tuko Pamoja (We Are One) shows promise for wider implementation. Conclusions: CSEPs are a valid intervention leading to the reduction of teenage pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and sexually transmitted infections. The reach of the identified CSEPs varies, and sustainability is challenging due to lack of government and community support, lack of funding, and unsustainable teaching modalities. Clinical Relevance: Nurses can serve as liaisons between adolescents, the community, and the Kenyan government in promoting CSEPs. Nurses should be more readily utilized in educating community members and policy makers about the need for CSEPs in all Kenyan high schools. Nursing students can also be utilized in their community health role to teach curricula of CSEPs. Nurses should advocate for all adolescents to access reproductive health services and for all healthcare providers to provide comprehensive reproductive health care to them.
Farmland cash rents and the dollar
Authors: Nag Sharmistha , Reimer Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe explore whether the U.S. exchange rate could have an influence on cash rental rates for farmland in five U.S. cornbelt states. We find that farmland cash rents have a fairly strong, positive correlation with the U.S. dollar, in terms of its real value relative to major agricultural trading partners. One explanation for the correlation is that a strong dollar lowers the price of key inputs and thus has purchasing power effects. A strong dollar may therefore be associated with higher net returns, and the payment of higher cash rents by farmers. We find support for this hypothesis through a series of econometric models.
Long‐term effect of combined interpersonal psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in a randomized trial of depressed patients
Authors: Zobel I. , Kech S. , van Calker D. , Dykierek P. , Berger M. , Schneibel R. , Schramm E. 
Published: January 2011

Zobel I, Kech S, van Calker D, Dykierek P, Berger M, Schneibel R, Schramm E. Long‐term effect of combined interpersonal psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in a randomized trial of depressed patients.Objective:  Evaluation of the long‐term benefits of combined pharmacological and psychotherapeutic depression treatment and the differential impact of early childhood trauma.Method:  A randomized trial was conducted in 124 in‐patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder comparing 5 weeks of interpersonal psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy (IPT) with medication plus clinical management (CM). The study included a prospective, naturalistic follow‐up 3, 12 and 75 months after in‐patient treatment. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) served as the primary outcome measure.Results:  Patients in both treatments reduced their depressive symptoms between baseline and 5‐year follow‐up significantly with a faster decrease early in the follow‐up phase. The time rate of change and acceleration on the HRSD was higher for patients in the combination therapy group. The contrast between the conditions at year 5 was non‐significant. However, 28% of the IPT patients showed a sustained remission compared with 11% of the CM patients (P = 0.032). Early adversity was found to be a moderator of the relationship between treatment and outcome.Conclusion:  In the long‐term, a combination of psycho‐ and pharmacotherapy was superior in terms of sustained remission rates to standard psychiatric treatment. Early trauma should be assessed routinely in depressed patients.
Early maternal anxiety predicts cognitive and behavioural outcomes of VLBW children at 24 months corrected age
Authors: Zelkowitz Phyllis , Na Sumin , Wang Tongtong , Bardin Claudette , Papageorgiou Apostolos 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  The present study examined the effects of maternal anxiety during infant hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) on the child’s cognitive and behavioural development at 24 months corrected age. Parental anxiety following the birth of a very low birthweight (VLBW, <1500 g) infant may impede their capacity to be sensitive to the infant’s cues and adversely affect infant developmental outcomes.Methods:  A sample of 88 mothers and their VLBW infants were recruited in the NICU; 57 were followed at 24 months corrected age. During the infant’s hospitalization, mothers completed a self‐report measure of trait anxiety. When the infants were 24 months corrected age, mother–child interaction was videotaped during free play at home. These videotaped observations were coded using Emotional Availability Scales. Child cognitive and behavioural outcomes were evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (II) and the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5–5.Results:  Maternal anxiety in the NICU was found to be a significant and independent predictor of child cognitive development and internalizing behaviour problems, controlling for maternal education and neonatal morbidity.Conclusion:  These results suggest that early intervention programmes targeting anxious mothers of VLBW infants are indicated, to promote optimal developmental outcomes.
Can ‘high‐risk’ human papillomaviruses (HPVs) be detected in human breast milk?
Authors: Mammas Ioannis N , Zaravinos Apostolos , Sourvinos George , Myriokefalitakis Nikolaos , Theodoridou Maria , Spandidos Demetrios A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  Human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission via nonsexual modes in childhood has been proposed by several researchers. The aim of our study was to determine the presence of ‘high‐risk’ HPV DNA in human breast milk.Methods:  Using polymerase chain reaction techniques, we evaluated the presence of HPV infection in human breast milk collected from 21 HPV‐positive and 11 HPV‐negative mothers.Results:  Of the 32 studied human milk specimens, no ‘high‐risk’ HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 or 58 DNA was detected.Conclusion:  This preliminary case–control study indicates the absence of mucosal ‘high‐risk’ HPV types in human breast milk.
A Neural Model of Rule Generation in Inductive Reasoning
Authors: Rasmussen Daniel , Eliasmith Chris 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInductive reasoning is a fundamental and complex aspect of human intelligence. In particular, how do subjects, given a set of particular examples, generate general descriptions of the rules governing that set? We present a biologically plausible method for accomplishing this task and implement it in a spiking neuron model. We demonstrate the success of this model by applying it to the problem domain of Raven's Progressive Matrices, a widely used tool in the field of intelligence testing. The model is able to generate the rules necessary to correctly solve Raven's items, as well as recreate many of the experimental effects observed in human subjects.
Pharmacy clients' attitudes to expanded pharmacist prescribing and the role of agency theory on involved stakeholders
Authors: Hoti Kreshnik , Hughes Jeffery , Sunderland Bruce 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Objective
To examine the views of regular pharmacy clients on pharmacist prescribing and employ agency theory in considering the relationship between the stakeholders involved.

Methods
Computer assisted telephone interviews were conducted with 400 pharmacy clients recruited around Australia. Potential respondents were identified using a random number generation function in Microsoft Excel. Data were analysed with SPSS version 17 using one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis and linear regression. The relationships between the main stakeholders involved were explored using agency theory.

Key findings
A total of 1153 answered calls recruited 400 consenting pharmacy clients. Most respondents (71%) trusted pharmacists adopting an expanded role in prescribing, however the majority (66%) supported this only after a diagnosis had been made by a doctor. Those who accepted pharmacist diagnosing and prescribing preferred that this was limited to pain management and antibiotics. Most respondents (64%) considered that expanded pharmacist prescribing would improve their access to prescription medicines, although those over 65 years of age were less supportive than younger respondents. Factors which contributed positively to clients' perception of trust in an expanded prescribing role for pharmacists were identified, and improved access to medicines was found to be the strongest predictor (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
Most pharmacy clients trusted pharmacists adopting an expanded prescribing role, but preferred that this was limited to doctors performing the initial diagnosis. Agency theory would conceptualize the introduction of pharmacist prescribers, as disrupting the principal (patient) agent (doctor) relationship. Its introduction would best be facilitated by careful change management.
Review of Heat Conduction in Nanofluids
Authors: Fan Jing , Wang Liqiu 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Nanofluids—fluid suspensions of nanometer-sized particles—are a very important area of emerging technology and are playing an increasingly important role in the continuing advances of nanotechnology and biotechnology worldwide. They have enormously exciting potential applications and may revolutionize the field of heat transfer. This review is on the advances in our understanding of heat-conduction process in nanofluids. The emphasis centers on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids: its experimental data, proposed mechanisms responsible for its enhancement, and its predicting models. A relatively intensified effort has been made on determining thermal conductivity of nanofluids from experiments. While the detailed microstructure-conductivity relationship is still unknown, the data from these experiments have enabled some trends to be identified. Suggested microscopic reasons for the experimental finding of significant conductivity enhancement include the nanoparticle Brownian motion, the Brownian-motion-induced convection, the liquid layering at the liquid-particle interface, and the nanoparticle cluster/aggregate. Although there is a lack of agreement regarding the role of the first three effects, the last effect is generally accepted to be responsible for the reported conductivity enhancement. The available models of predicting conductivity of nanofluids all involve some empirical parameters that negate their predicting ability and application. The recently developed first-principles theory of thermal waves offers not only a macroscopic reason for experimental observations but also a model governing the microstructure-conductivity relationship without involving any empirical parameter.
Hamming Star-Convexity Packing in Information Storage
Authors: Shih Mau-Hsiang , Tsai Feng-Sheng 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA major puzzle in neural networks is understanding the information encoding principles that implement the functions of the brain systems. Population coding in neurons and plastic changes in synapses are two important subjects in attempts to explore such principles. This forms the basis of modern theory of neuroscience concerning self-organization and associative memory. Here we wish to suggest an information storage scheme based on the dynamics of evolutionary neural networks, essentially reflecting the meta-complication of the dynamical changes of neurons as well as plastic changes of synapses. The information storage scheme may lead to the development of a complete description of all the equilibrium states (fixed points) of Hopfield networks, a space-filling network that weaves the intricate structure of Hamming star-convexity, and a plasticity regime that encodes information based on algorithmic Hebbian synaptic plasticity.
Abstract A1: Impact of CYP2D6∗10 and CYP3A5∗3 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in Asian breast cancer patients
Authors: Lim Joanne Siok Liu , Singh Onkar , Ng Raymond Chee Hui , Wong Nan Soon , Ramasamy Rathi Devi , Mahajan Anupama , Lee Edmund Jon Deoon , Chowbay Balram 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background: Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator employed in the treatment of breast cancer. It is a prodrug with a complex metabolic pathway involving several phase I and II metabolic enzymes. TAM is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to N-desmethyltamoxifen (NDM), 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) and endoxifen (END) with 4OHT and END being the active metabolites of TAM. CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 comprises the major CYP isoforms mediating the metabolism of TAM although other CYP isoforms also play a role. Polymorphisms present in genes encoding these CYP enzymes may influence the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of TAM and its metabolites.
Methods: A total of 116 Asian breast cancer patients were genotyped for CYP3A5∗3 polymorphism while 104 of these patients were genotyped for CYP2D6. Plasma levels of TAM and its 3 metabolites were obtained at steady state. The occurrence of hot flashes were monitored.
Results: The allelic frequencies of CYP2D6∗10 and CYP3A5∗3 in the breast cancer patients were 0.52 and 0.71, respectively. The plasma END level (median; range) of patients with CYP2D6∗10/∗10 (8.85; 6.27-34.68) was significantly lower compared to patients with CYP2D6∗1/∗1 (19.55; 4.18-42.56; pCYP2D6∗1/∗10 (16.18; 9.48-33.24; pCYP2D6∗10 was 359.02 ng/ml (124.7–590.65) and was significantly higher compared to patients with CYP2D6∗1/∗1 (239.27; 40.82-584.26; p=0.012). No associations were observed between the pharmacokinetics of TAM and CYP3A5∗3. Hot flashes, a common side-effect of TAM, occurred at an overall frequency of 0.208 in the patient population. Patients homozygous for the ∗10/∗10 genotype had the highest frequency of hot flashes compared to wild-type subjects (P&gt;0.05).
Conclusion: This exploratory study identified CYP2D6∗10 to be an important predictor of TAM pharmacokinetics in Asian breast cancer patients. Other polymorphisms present in CYP2D6 or genes encoding other enzymes involved in metabolism of TAM may be useful in explaining inter-individual variation in TAM pharmacokinetics.
Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):A1
Abstract A10: Upregulation of ADAM17 protease and HER ligands through a PKB negative feedback loop mediates acquired resistance to Trastuzumab in HER2 overexpressed breast cancer
Authors: Gijsen Merel , King Peter , Perera Tim , Parker Peter , Larijani Banafshe , Harris Adrian , Kong Anthony 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The decision to treat breast cancer patients with Trastuzumab is based on HER2 receptor over-expression or gene amplification. However, even in this selective group of patients, the response rate remains poor and unpredictable. Furthermore, all responders eventually become resistant if Trastuzumab is given as monotherapy. It is still poorly understood how Trastuzumab exerts its mechanism of action and how the acquired resistance to this drug occurs. We have found the molecular mechanisms whereby Trastuzumab fails to abolish HER2 phosphorylation despite being an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody and have resolved the inconsistencies in the literature regarding the effect of Trastuzumab on HER2 phosphorylation. Trastuzumab did not decrease HER2 phosphorylation in these cells despite the effect on HER2 receptor downregulation. HER2 phosphorylation was maintained by activation of EGFR, HER3 and HER4 via their dimerisation with HER2. The activation of EGFR, HER3 and HER4 was due to an upregulation of HER ligands including heregulin and betacellulin. The upregulation of HER ligands was mediated by ADAM17 through a PKB negative feedback loop. The feedback loop was activated because of the inhibition of PKB by Trastuzumab treatment since upregulation of HER ligands and ADAM17 also occurred when PKB phosphorylation was inhibited by a PKB inhibitor (Akt inhibitor VIII, Akti-1/2). However, the combination treatment of Trastuzumab with a panHER inhibitor JNJ-26483327 was able to abrogate the feedback loop and it was synergistic in tumour inhibition in a BT474 xenograft model. Our data provides evidence that Trastuzumab resistance can be mediated by activation of HER family ligands as a direct consequence of inhibition of HER2 and PKB signalling. This offers treatment opportunities for overcoming resistance in these patients, including approaches to target all HER receptors in combination with Trastuzumab treatment. Future research should utilize a systems biology approach to identify other feedback loops that may be involved in the acquired resistance to Trastuzumab treatment in HER2 positive breast cancer.
Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):A10