bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle and High School LGBTQ Students Report What Makes School LGBTQ‐Affirming Across Race/Ethnicity and Gender Identity, a Topic Modeling Method
Authors: Price Myeshia N. , Lee Wilson Y. , Hobbs J. N. , DeChants Jonah P. , Davis Carrie K. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAffirming spaces have been associated with improved mental health outcomes for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) adolescents.METHODSWith data from adolescents currently enrolled in middle or high school across the United States, this study used topic modeling methods to examine students' reports of what they were looking for in LGBTQ‐affirming schools and, separately, the association of LGBTQ‐affirming schools with suicide risk reduction.RESULTSTopic models demonstrated consistent themes in how students determined that their school was affirming, such as LGBTQ clubs, teachers requesting pronouns, pride flags, and accepting peers. Students of color uniquely looked for actionable responses in addressing LGBTQ issues. Transgender and nonbinary students required explicit mention of support for transgender issues. Quantitatively, LGBTQ students who reported that their school was LGBTQ‐affirming had 20% lower odds of attempting suicide in the past year (adjusted odds ratio = 0.80).CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that schools must be safe for all youth and implementing policies that make LGBTQ students feel seen and supported in their identities is a protective factor for mental health.IMPLICATIONS.School policies must ensure that youth have access to supportive people, symbols of support, and LGBTQ clubs and that they are also salient to LGBTQ students of color and transgender and nonbinary students.
Give you some color: Chinese language teachers’ encounters of race and racialization in American K–12 schools
Authors: Diao Wenhao , Xu Yi , Xiao‐Desai Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates issues related to race and racialization among Chinese language teachers in US primary and secondary (K–12) schools. Although race is an increasingly important topic in the field of language education, the published research continues to be dominated by the teaching and learning of English as a second language. Set mostly in 2021, when there was a widespread surge of anti‐Asian violence, this mixed‐methods project directs our attention to the experience of Chinese language teachers in a particular moment. We focus on interviews and journal data collected from 27 Chinese teachers, who were selected as a representative sample from the 221 participants who completed our national survey. The themes that emerged in our data highlight the intersectionality among language, nation, ethnicity, and race in Chinese language teachers’ professional work. While some teachers reported racial hostility during the COVID‐19 crisis, others described language‐ and culture‐based exclusion as a part of their everyday struggle that predated the pandemic. Moreover, as the teachers described these challenges also as opportunities for racially inclusive language pedagogies, the findings here dovetail with the ongoing discussion on antiracist possibilities in and through language teaching.
Unveiling the transferability of PLSR models for leaf trait estimation: lessons from a comprehensive analysis with a novel global dataset
Authors: Ji Fujiang , Li Fa , Hao Dalei , Shiklomanov Alexey N. , Yang Xi , Townsend Philip A. , Dashti Hamid , Nakaji Tatsuro , Kovach Kyle R. , Liu Haoran , Luo Meng , Chen Min 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Leaf traits are essential for understanding many physiological and ecological processes. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models with leaf spectroscopy are widely applied for trait estimation, but their transferability across space, time, and plant functional types (PFTs) remains unclear.

We compiled a novel dataset of paired leaf traits and spectra, with 47 393 records for > 700 species and eight PFTs at 101 globally distributed locations across multiple seasons. Using this dataset, we conducted an unprecedented comprehensive analysis to assess the transferability of PLSR models in estimating leaf traits.

While PLSR models demonstrate commendable performance in predicting chlorophyll content, carotenoid, leaf water, and leaf mass per area prediction within their training data space, their efficacy diminishes when extrapolating to new contexts. Specifically, extrapolating to locations, seasons, and PFTs beyond the training data leads to reduced R2 (0.12–0.49, 0.15–0.42, and 0.25–0.56) and increased NRMSE (3.58–18.24%, 6.27–11.55%, and 7.0–33.12%) compared with nonspatial random cross‐validation. The results underscore the importance of incorporating greater spectral diversity in model training to boost its transferability.

These findings highlight potential errors in estimating leaf traits across large spatial domains, diverse PFTs, and time due to biased validation schemes, and provide guidance for future field sampling strategies and remote sensing applications.
Confidence in low vision rehabilitation and attitudes towards further learning: A survey of UK optometrists
Authors: Gould Gemma , Harper Robert , Bowen Michael , Dickinson Christine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeOptometrists are well positioned to help expand low vision (LV) services and improve their availability and accessibility. Determinants of participation in LV service provision must be well understood to facilitate successful service expansion. This survey aimed to investigate optometrists' professional confidence in the delivery of LV services and attitudes towards further learning.MethodsAn online survey was emailed to a sample of College of Optometrists members. Respondents rated their confidence in different areas of core optometric practice; confidence in LV was compared with confidence in other areas. Respondents also rated their confidence in undertaking multiple tasks involved in LV service delivery and in routine optometric practice; confidence was compared between optometrists who do and do not work in a LV service. Attitudes towards learning more about assessing and supporting patients with a vision impairment (VI) were recorded.ResultsThe survey received 451 recorded responses (15.1% response rate). Optometrists who do not work in a LV service reported significantly lower confidence in LV than in other areas of core optometric practice, whereas optometrists who work in a LV service reported significantly higher confidence in LV than in other areas. Additionally, optometrists who do not work in a LV service reported significantly lower confidence in all tasks involved in LV service delivery than optometrists who work in a LV service (p < 0.001 for all tasks). Approximately 80% of respondents were interested in learning more about assessing and supporting patients with a VI.ConclusionsOptometrists who do not work in a LV service have relatively low confidence in LV, which could contribute to low motivation to participate in LV service provision. There is sizeable interest in learning more about assessing and supporting patients with a VI, which could help to increase motivation to participate in LV service provision.
Retrospective evaluation of the respiratory rate–oxygenation index to predict the outcome of high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in dogs (2018–2021): 81 cases
Authors: Eicher Logan , Young Anda A. , Hoover Leanna , Kuo Kendon W. , Her Jiwoong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the respiratory rate–oxygenation index (ROX), modified ROX index (ROX‐HR), and the ratio of pulse oximetry saturation (Spo2) to Fio2 (SF) to determine if these indices over time are predictive of outcome in dogs treated with high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC).DesignRetrospective study.SettingTwo university teaching hospitals.AnimalsEighty‐one client‐owned dogs treated with HFNC for hypoxemic respiratory failure.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe ROX was defined as the SF divided by the respiratory rate (RR), and the ROX‐HR was defined as the ROX divided by the heart rate multiplied by 100. The overall success rate of HFNC was 44% (n = 36/81). Dogs weaned from HFNC had a significantly higher ROX (P < 0.0001) at 1–3, 5–10, 12, and 15 hours than dogs that failed HFNC. Both the ROX and SF showed excellent discriminatory power in predicting HFNC failure at 6 hours, with an area under receiver operating curve of 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.99; P < 0.002) and 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.73–0.99; P < 0.001), respectively. The optimal cutoff values for predicting HFNC failure at 6 hours were a ROX ≤3.68 (sensitivity 72%, specificity 92%) and an SF ≤143 (sensitivity 79%, specificity 93%).ConclusionsThese results suggest that similar to people, the ROX and SF are useful predictors of HFNC failure. These indices are easy to measure at the bedside and may have clinical use. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm the findings and to optimize cutoff values in a larger population of dogs undergoing HFNC.
Is drug interference still an issue for pretransfusion testing of patients on anti CD38 and other monoclonal antibody therapies?
Authors: Bevel Nichole , Thorpe Meagan , Vanniasinkam Thiru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCertain therapies that target CD markers on some blood cells can affect pretransfusion testing. Key examples are anti‐CD38, CD47 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies such as daratumumab (DARA) and magrolimab, which have presented a challenge for transfusion medicine laboratories around the globe. Scientists have been faced with not only introducing a protocol to provide safe blood to patients but also investigating the most effective method to remove the pretransfusion pan‐agglutinating interference caused. A number of papers in the last 5 years have reported on various methods to remove pretransfusion interference; however, most of these studies have been conducted only in a few countries. Most recent reviews on this topic have focused on techniques and reagents to remove pretransfusion interference, and dithiothreitol is currently the gold standard for removing DARA interference. However, it was clear from this review that while many laboratories have developed processes for addressing interference in pretransfusion testing, and DARA interference may not be a major issue, there are still laboratories around the world, that may not have adequately addressed this issue. In addition, the impact of mAb interference on widely used techniques such as flow cytometry is unclear.
Oxytocin and corticotropin‐releasing hormone exaggerate nucleus tractus solitarii neuronal and synaptic activity following chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Gama de Barcellos Filho Procopio , Dantzler Heather A. , Hasser Eileen M. , Kline David D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) in rodents mimics the hypoxia‐induced elevation of blood pressure seen in individuals experiencing episodic breathing. The brainstem nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is the first site of visceral sensory afferent integration, and thus is critical for cardiorespiratory homeostasis and its adaptation during a variety of stressors. In addition, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), in part through its nTS projections that contain oxytocin (OT) and/or corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), contributes to cardiorespiratory regulation. Within the nTS, these PVN‐derived neuropeptides alter nTS activity and the cardiorespiratory response to hypoxia. Nevertheless, their contribution to nTS activity after CIH is not fully understood. We hypothesized that OT and CRH would increase nTS activity to a greater extent following CIH, and co‐activation of OT+CRH receptors would further magnify nTS activity. Our data show that compared to their normoxic controls, 10 days’ CIH exaggerated nTS discharge, excitatory synaptic currents and Ca2+ influx in response to CRH, which were further enhanced by the addition of OT. CIH increased the tonic functional contribution of CRH receptors, which occurred with elevation of mRNA and protein. Together, our data demonstrate that intermittent hypoxia exaggerates the expression and function of neuropeptides on nTS activity.
imageKey points
Episodic breathing and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) are associated with autonomic dysregulation, including elevated sympathetic nervous system activity. Altered nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) activity contributes to this response.
Neurons originating in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), including those containing oxytocin (OT) and corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), project to the nTS, and modulate the cardiorespiratory system. Their role in CIH is unknown.
In this study, we focused on OT and CRH individually and together on nTS activity from rats exposed to either CIH or normoxia control.
We show that after CIH, CRH alone and with OT increased to a greater extent overall nTS discharge, neuronal calcium influx, synaptic transmission to second‐order nTS neurons, and OT and CRH receptor expression.
These results provide insights into the underlying circuits and mechanisms contributing to autonomic dysfunction during periods of episodic breathing.
Data-Driven Initial Gap Identification of Piecewise-Linear Systems Using Sparse Regression and Universal Approximation Theorem
Authors: Kanki Ryosuke , Saito Akira 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a method for identifying an initial gap in piecewise-linear (PWL) systems from data. Piecewise-linear systems appear in many engineered systems such as degraded mechanical systems and infrastructures and are known to show strong nonlinearities. To analyze the behavior of such piecewise-linear systems, it is necessary to identify the initial gap, at which the system behavior switches. The proposed method identifies the initial gap by discovering the governing equations using sparse regression and calculating the gap based on the universal approximation theorem. A key step to achieve this is to approximate a piecewise-linear function by a finite sum of piecewise-linear functions in sparse regression. The equivalent gap is then calculated from the coefficients of the multiple piecewise-linear functions and their respective switching points in the obtained equation. The proposed method is first applied to a numerical model to confirm its applicability to piecewise-linear systems. Experimental validation of the proposed method has then been conducted with a simple mass-spring-hopping system, where the method successfully identifies the initial gap in the system with high accuracy.
A Hierarchical Fault Diagnosis Model for Planetary Gearbox With Shift-Invariant Dictionary and OMPAN
Authors: Chen Ronghua , Gu Yingkui , Huang Peng , Chen Junjie , Qiu Guangqi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Planetary gearbox has been widely applied in the mechanical transmission system, and the failure types of planetary gearbox are more and more diversified. The conventional fault diagnosis methods focus on identifying the faults in the fault library, but ignored the faults outside the fault library. However, it is impossible to build a fault library for all failure types. Targeting the problem of identifying the faults outside the fault library, a hierarchical fault diagnosis method for planetary gearbox with shift-invariant dictionary and orthogonal matching pursuit with adaptive noise (OMPAN) is proposed in this paper. By k-means singular value decomposition (K-SVD) dictionary learning method and shift-invariant strategy, a shift-invariant dictionary is constructed so that the normal modulation components of signals can be completed decomposed. OMPAN algorithm is proposed, which uses the white Gaussian noise to improve the solution method of the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm so that it can separate the modulation components in the signal more accurately. The fault feature extraction is developed via shift-invariant dictionary and OMPAN. A hierarchical classifier is proposed with three subclassifiers so that both the faults in the fault library and the faults outside the fault library are identified. The effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical fault diagnosis method is validated by experiments. Result show that the proposed shift-invariant dictionary and OMPAN method has achieved a superior performance in highlighting fault features compared with other two sparse decomposition methods. The proposed hierarchical fault diagnosis approach has achieved a good performance both in classification of the faults in the fault library and identification of the faults outside the fault library.
Construction of Short-Time Heat Conduction Solutions in One-Dimensional Finite Rectangular Bodies
Authors: de Monte Filippo , Woodbury Keith A. , Najafi Hamidreza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The concept of both penetration and deviation times for rectangular coordinates along with the principle of superposition for linear problems allows short-time solutions to be constructed for a one-dimensional (1D) rectangular finite body from the well-known solutions of a semi-infinite medium. Some adequate physical considerations due to thermal symmetries with respect to the middle plane of a slab to simulate homogeneous boundary conditions of the first and second kinds are also needed. These solutions can be applied at the level of accuracy desired (one part in 10A, with A = 2, 3, …, 15) with respect to the maximum temperature variation (that always occurs at the active surface and at the time of evaluation) in place of the exact analytical solution to the problem of interest consisting of an infinite number of terms and, hence, unapplicable.
Analysis of the Rigid Foldability of Origami Patterns Based on Spatial Positions of Creases
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Fan , Cui Guohua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rigid foldability is a special property of rigid origami patterns, where each origami plane remains undeformed during continuous movement along the predetermined crease. Current research on the rigid foldability of origami patterns mainly focuses on kinematics, while less attention is paid to factors that cause deformation of the folding plane. Whether the relative spatial position of adjacent creases has been changed is a critical factor that influences the state (rigid or deformed) of the folding plane between the two adjacent creases during the folding process. This study considered two factors (linear relationship and Euclidean distance) to measure the changes in the spatial positions of creases, explored the relationship between the two factors and rigid folding, and identified deformation forms that affect rigid foldability. First, the origami pattern was regarded as a linkage mechanism, and the linear relationship between creases was determined from the single-vertex origami unit forming this origami structure. Then, the geometric parameters of the origami pattern were used to calculate the Euclidean distance between two points on adjacent creases during the folding process. If the linear relationship and Euclidean distance always remain the same, the origami pattern has rigid foldability. Based on changes in the Euclidean distance, this method can also help determine the main deformation of non-rigidly foldable origami patterns. In addition, it can be applied to origami patterns with four or five vertices and multiple loops, and it further provides a novel approach for determining the layout of the crease position and the judgment of rigid foldability during origami-inspired mechanism design.
Practical Approach to Nuclear Shelter Wall Thickness Estimation
Authors: Hristova Rayna , Simovski Stefan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the complex situation in which we live, preventive measures are increasingly being taken against the threat of nuclear attack and ionizing radiation, nuclear shelters are being built for private and public purposes. The purpose of the authors is to provide a practical approach to quickly calculate the thickness of the concrete shelter wall for such cases. The shelter wall thickness is assessed on the basis of published data on radiation dose calculations, corroborated by field data from nuclear tests, and information or calculations of the dose attenuation in the shelter wall. Doses from nuclear tests or simulations are summarized in tables in relation to bomb yield and distance from the explosion point. A dose criterion is chosen as the acceptable dose behind the shield. Neutron dose transmission factors, defined as ratio of the dose criterion to the dose without shielding are calculated. The concrete wall thickness corresponding to the neutron dose transmission factor was taken from reference sources. For gamma rays, the shield thickness is calculated based on an analytical relationship between dose without shield, the dose criterion, and the shield thickness. Data tables are provided with the estimated concrete wall thickness in relation to bomb yield and distance.
Influence of Motor Imagery Modality on First-Serve Performance in Tennis Players
Authors: Laurent Dominique , Carien Robbin , Robin Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

Motor imagery (MI) is frequently used in tennis players. This pilot study aimed to assess whether the MI modality and preference of skilled tennis players could influence their service performance when using MI before serving first balls. Twenty expert players (Mage = 18.6 years) completed the movement imagery questionnaire (third version) to assess their MI modality scores (internal visual, external visual, and kinesthetic) and their MI preference. Participants completed 4 experimental counterbalanced sessions spread over 4 weeks, each including the completion of 20 first-serve balls in match condition. The sessions included a control condition (i.e., only physical practice trials) and three MI conditions during which the players had to mentally imagine themselves performing a serve according to one of the imagery modalities, either internal visual, external visual, or kinesthetic, before serving. The percentage of success, the speed of the service balls (measured by a tablet with SWING VISION and a radar gun), and an efficiency score were recorded and then evaluated by experts and served as performance indicators and dependent variables. The results of this study showed that players benefited from MI before serving and that almost a third of the participants achieved a higher percentage of success and efficiency scores when using their preferred MI modality. These results lead us, in an applied way, to suggest to skilled tennis players to determine their MI preference and to have recourse to the mental simulation of a successful serve before serving the first balls in match condition.
Near coding-complete genome sequence of 12 dengue serotype 2 viruses from the 2023 outbreak in Bangladesh
Authors: Nasif Md. Abdullah Omar , Rahman Saikt , Jony Manjur Hossain Khan , Habib Mohammad Tanbir , Khanam Murshida , Sultana Sharmin , Rahman Mahbubur , Alam Ahmed Nawsher , Qadri Firdausi , Shirin Tahmina 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the near coding-complete genomes of 12 DENV serotype 2 strains collected during the 2023 dengue outbreak in Bangladesh. Analyses showed that all 12 strains were closely related and belonged to genotype II-Cosmopolitan.
Aureococcus anophagefferens
strain CCMP1851: draft genome of a second
Kratosvirus quantuckense-
susceptible host strain for an emerging host–giant virus model system
Authors: Chase Emily E. , Truchon Alexander R. , Schepens William W. , Wilhelm Steven W. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome of
Aureococcus anophagefferens
strain CCMP1851, which is susceptible to the virus
Kratosvirus quantuckense
. CCMP1851 complements an available genome for a virus-resistant strain (CCMP1850) isolated from the same bloom. Future studies can now use this genome to examine genetic hints of virus resistance and susceptibility.