bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Follicular Lymphoma of the Duodenum Is a Distinct Mucosal/Submucosal Variant of Follicular Lymphoma: A Retrospective Study of 63 Cases
Authors: Schmatz Ana-Iris , Streubel Berthold , Kretschmer-Chott Elisabeth , Püspök Andreas , Jäger Ulrich , Mannhalter Christine , Tiemann Markus , Ott German , Fischbach Wolfgang , Herzog Peter , Seitz Gerhard , Stolte Manfred , Raderer Markus , Chott Andreas 
Published: March 2011

Purpose Small series with limited follow-up have suggested primary follicular lymphoma of the duodenum (FL-D) to be an indolent disease. We report our experience on a large series of patients followed for a median time period of longer than 6 years. Patients and Methods The study comprised 63 patients with primary FL-D defined as stage I disease. Endoscopy and detailed pathologic work-up was performed at diagnosis and at restaging to monitor the behavior of the neoplastic process. Results Histologically, all 63 patients had FL, low grade (1 to 2). Duodenal endosonography demonstrated lesions confined to mucosa/submucosa in 19 of 20 patients. At an overall median follow-up of 77 months (range, 12 to 177 months), only two untreated patients had developed nodal disease, the remaining 61 patients never experienced extrasmall intestinal disease and large cell transformation did not occur at all. Among 24 patients followed by watch and wait strategy, seven showed spontaneous complete regression and 17 had stable disease; radiotherapy resulted in complete regression in all 19 patients; anti-CD20 antibody monotherapy achieved complete regression in four patients and stable disease in one patient. Various chemotherapy protocols in eight patients caused complete regression in all of them, but local relapses occurred in three. No patients required surgery or died of disease. Conclusion These findings characterize primary FL-D as a remarkably indolent FL variant, which, even left untreated, does not develop tumorous growth, very rarely disseminates (two of 63 patients) and does not transform to high grade disease. A watch and wait approach appears to be the most sensible strategy.
Natural History of Paclitaxel-Associated Acute Pain Syndrome: Prospective Cohort Study NCCTG N08C1
Authors: Loprinzi Charles L. , Reeves Brandi N. , Dakhil Shaker R. , Sloan Jeff A. , Wolf Sherry L. , Burger Kelli N. , Kamal Arif , Le-Lindqwister Nguyet A. , Soori Gamini S. , Jaslowski Anthony J. , Novotny Paul J. , Lachance Daniel H. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose The characteristics and natural history of the paclitaxel–acute pain syndrome (P-APS) and paclitaxel's more chronic neuropathy have not been well delineated. Methods Patients receiving weekly paclitaxel (70 to 90 mg/m2) completed daily questionnaires and weekly European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) –20 instruments during the entire course of therapy. Results P-APS symptoms peaked 3 days after chemotherapy. Twenty percent of patients had pain scores of 5 to 10 of 10 with the first dose of paclitaxel. Sensory neuropathy symptoms were more prominent than were motor or autonomic neuropathy symptoms. Of the sensory neuropathy symptoms, numbness and tingling were more prominent than was shooting or burning pain. Patients with higher P-APS pain scores with the first dose of paclitaxel appeared to have more chronic neuropathy. Conclusion These data support that the P-APS is related to nerve pathology as opposed to being arthralgias and/or myalgias. Numbness and tingling are more prominent chronic neuropathic symptoms than is shooting or burning pain.
Capecitabine Plus Oxaliplatin Compared With Fluorouracil and Folinic Acid As Adjuvant Therapy for Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Haller Daniel G. , Tabernero Josep , Maroun Jean , de Braud Filippo , Price Timothy , Van Cutsem Eric , Hill Mark , Gilberg Frank , Rittweger Karen , Schmoll Hans-Joachim 
Published: March 2011

Purpose This multicenter, randomized trial compared capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) with bolus fluorouracil (FU) and folinic acid (FA) as adjuvant therapy for patients with stage III colon cancer. Patients and Methods Patients who had undergone curative resection were randomly assigned to XELOX (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 plus capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks for 24 weeks) or a standard bolus FU/FA adjuvant regimen (Mayo Clinic for 24 weeks or Roswell Park for 32 weeks). The primary study end point was disease-free survival (DFS). Results The intention-to-treat population comprised 1,886 patients; 944 patients were randomly assigned to XELOX and 942 to FU/FA (Mayo Clinic, n = 664; Roswell Park, n = 278). After 57 months of follow-up for the primary analysis, 295 patients (31.3%) in the XELOX group had relapsed, developed a new primary colon cancer, or died compared with 353 patients (37.5%) in the FU/FA group (hazard ratio [HR] for DFS, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.93; P = .0045). The 3-year DFS rate was 70.9% with XELOX and 66.5% with FU/FA. The HR for overall survival (OS) for XELOX compared to FU/FA was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.05; P = .1486). The 5-year OS for XELOX and FU/FA were 77.6% and 74.2%, respectively. Follow-up is ongoing. Preplanned multivariate and subgroup analyses supported the robustness of these findings. Conclusion The addition of oxaliplatin to capecitabine improves DFS in patients with stage III colon cancer. XELOX is an additional adjuvant treatment option for these patients.
Early pyrexia after endovascular aneurysm repair: are cultures needed?
Authors: Corfield L , Chan J , Chance T , Wilson N 
Published: March 2011

INTRODUCTION The post-implantation syndrome after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is increasingly recognised. However, when non-vascular trainees are responsible for the care of these patients out of hours, many are investigated if pyrexial. This study assesses the role of microbiological investigations in pyrexia after endovascular aneurysm repair. PATIENTS AND METHODS The notes of 75 EVAR patients were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of postoperative pyrexia and infective complications were calculated and the result of any cultures obtained. RESULTS Overall, 58 (77.3%) patients were pyrexial with 48 h of stent insertion. Twenty-four had blood cultures and 12 had urine cultures taken within 48 h of surgery. All of these cultures were negative. However, of those with a pyrexia after 48 h, one of nine blood cultures and two of 11 urine cultures grew organisms. Five pyrexial patients and one apyrexial patient developed a wound infection (a non-significant difference, P = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Pyrexia within 48 h of EVAR is common. Microbiological investigation in the first 48 h in these patients is unrewarding. After 48 h, cultures are more likely to show growth. Although each patient must be assessed clinically for signs of sepsis, blood and urine cultures within 48 h of EVAR are generally unnecessary.
Face, content and construct validity of a virtual reality simulator for robotic surgery (SEP Robot)
Authors: Gavazzi Andrea , Bahsoun Ali N , Van Haute Wim , Ahmed Kamran , Elhage Oussama , Jaye Peter , Khan M Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar 
Published: March 2011

INTRODUCTION This study aims to establish face, content and construct validation of the SEP Robot (SimSurgery, Oslo, Norway) in order to determine its value as a training tool. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The tasks used in the validation of this simulator were arrow manipulation and performing a surgeon's knot. Thirty participants (18 novices, 12 experts) completed the procedures. RESULTS The simulator was able to differentiate between experts and novices in several respects. The novice group required more time to complete the tasks than the expert group, especially suturing. During the surgeon's knot exercise, experts significantly outperformed novices in maximum tightening stretch, instruments dropped, maximum winding stretch and tool collisions in addition to total task time. A trend was found towards the use of less force by the more experienced participants. CONCLUSIONS The SEP robotic simulator has demonstrated face, content and construct validity as a virtual reality simulator for robotic surgery. With steady increase in adoption of robotic surgery world-wide, this simulator may prove to be a valuable adjunct to clinical mentorship.
Psychophysical Assessment of Timing in Individuals With Autism
Authors: Allman Melissa J , DeLeon Iser G , Wearden John H 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPerception of time, in the seconds to minutes range, is not well characterized in autism. The required interval timing system (ITS) develops at the same stages during infancy as communication, social reciprocity, and other cognitive and behavioral functions. The authors used two versions of a temporal bisection procedure to study the perception of duration in individuals with autism and observed quantifiable differences and characteristic patterns in participants' timing functions. Measures of timing performance correlated with certain autism diagnostic and intelligence scores, and parents described individuals with autism as having a poor sense of time. The authors modeled the data to provide a relative assessment of ITS function in these individuals. The implications of these results for the understanding of autism are discussed.
A Study of Burn Hospitalizations for Children Younger Than 5 Years of Age: 1983–2008
Authors: Duke Janine , Wood Fiona , Semmens James , Edgar Dale W. , Spilsbury Katrina , Hendrie Delia , Rea Suzanne 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Burn injury is a leading cause of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for young children. We aimed to use statewide linked health administrative data to evaluate the incidence, temporal trends, and cause of burn injuries for children younger than 5 years hospitalized for burn injuries in Western Australia for the period 1983–2008.

METHODS:
Epidemiologic analysis of linked hospital morbidity and death data of children younger than 5 years hospitalized with an index burn injury in Western Australia for the period 1983–2008. Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate temporal trends in hospital admissions and the external cause of the burn injury.

RESULTS:
From 1983 to 2008, there were 5398 hospitalizations for an index burn injury and 3 burn-related deaths. Hospital admission rates declined by an average annual rate of 2.3% (incidence rate ratio: 0.977 [95% confidence interval: 0.974–0.981]). More than half of the admissions were for scald burns. Hospitalizations declined for injury caused by scald, flame, contact, and electrical burns; however, the number of hospital admissions increased for chemical burns during the study period.

CONCLUSIONS:
The burn-injury hospitalizations reported in this study were preventable. Most burns occurred in the home and resulted from exposure to a household hazard. Further effort needs to be devoted to burn prevention and safety strategies, particularly in relation to scalds, to further reduce the incidence of burn injury in young children.
Palaearctic longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from "Dr. Karl Petri" collection of the Natural History Museum of Sibiu (Romania). Part I: Lepturinae subfamily
Authors: Tăuşan Ioan , Bucşa Corneliu 
Published: March 2011

Palaearctic longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from "Dr. Karl Petri" collection of the Natural History Museum of Sibiu (Romania). Part I: Lepturinae subfamily
The paper consists of data on 69 Palaearctic Cerambycidae species of the Lepturinae subfamily from the "Dr. Karl Petri" collection of the Natural History Museum from Sibiu. Dr. Karl Petri collected an important part of the material. Most of the specimens were collected from Romania, mainly from Transylvania.
Microevolutionary trends in Western Palaearctic bats. Case study: microevolutionary trends among bats of Rhinolophus "ferrumequinum" group (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Authors: Wołoszyn Bronisław 
Published: March 2011

Microevolutionary trends in Western Palaearctic bats. Case study: microevolutionary trends among bats of Rhinolophus "ferrumequinum" group (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
A frecuently recurring tendency in insectivorous bats is the cephalization of he skull. It has been shown that from the early Pliocene onwards, changes which appear to be microevolutionary trends have continued to take place in the skull structure. Some of these trends were analysed, and they were found to consist mainly in the reduction of splanchnocranium: shortening of the palate and of the premolar teethrow (both in the maxilla and the mandible). Postdental part of the mandible becomes shorter.
Long-term dynamics of zooplankton in the Matiţa and Merhei shallow lakes (the Danube Delta, Romania). 1. Diversity and abundance
Authors: Zinevici Victor , Parpală Laura , Petrişor Alexandru , Florescu Larisa 
Published: March 2011

Long-term dynamics of zooplankton in the Matiţa and Merhei shallow lakes (the Danube Delta, Romania). 1. Diversity and abundance
The present paper presents significant changes occurred in the multi-annual dynamics of zooplankton diversity and abundance (1980-2007), under the pressure of human-induced eutrophication in two shallow lakes specific for the Danube Delta. Zooplankton community from lakes Matiţa and Merhei was characterized by high species richness but low abundance values until 1981, in ecological conditions unaffected by eutrophication. For the next ten years, due to obvious increases of human pressures, zooplankton species richness decreased with 52% and 63%, respectively, while abundance values increased with 39% and 16%, respectively. After 1991, the social and economic changes in the Danube countries from the Central Europe led to nutrient input decreases. As a result, lake ecosystems from the Danube Delta showed lower trophicity values and their ecological parameters tended to recover. Analyses on the dynamics of the Shannon-Wiener's informational entropy index, Pielou's evenness and Simpson's index of dominance offered additional information and reduced the heterogeneity of the data regarding the species richness and the numerical abundance dynamics. Moreover, correlation analyses suggested the influences of human-induced changes of nutrient inputs on the multi-annual zooplankton dynamics.
B Cell and BAFF Dependence of IFN-α–Exaggerated Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Prone NZM 2328 Mice
Authors: Jacob Noam , Guo Shunhua , Mathian Alexis , Koss Michael N. , Gindea Simona , Putterman Chaim , Jacob Chaim O. , Stohl William 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
IFN-α is a potent activator of innate and adaptive immunity, and its administration to preautoimmune (NZB×NZW)F1 mice promotes virulent systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease. Given the known contributions of B cells and BAFF to SLE, we evaluated the ability of IFN-α administration to induce disease in wild-type (WT), B cell-deficient, and BAFF-deficient NZM 2328 mice. Whereas WT mice rapidly developed proliferative glomerulonephritis, marked proteinuria, and increased mortality in response to IFN-α administration, B cell-deficient mice developed neither renal pathology nor clinical disease. Moreover, BAFF-deficient mice, despite developing limited glomerular IgG and C3 deposition, also remained free of histological glomerulonephritis and clinical disease. Strikingly, similar T cell expansion and serum IgG responses were observed in adenovirus (Adv)-IFN–treated WT and BAFF-deficient mice despite their disparate pathological and clinical responses, whereas numbers of activated B cells increased in WT mice but not in BAFF-deficient mice. Nonetheless, B cell, plasma cell, and T cell infiltration of the kidneys in Adv-IFN–treated WT mice was similar to that in WT mice treated with Adv-control. Its ability to promote SLE disease in WT mice notwithstanding, IFN-α administration failed to drive the preferential expansion of CD4+ memory T cells that occurs during the natural course of disease, and glomerular infiltration of macrophages failed to associate with development of disease. These results collectively suggest that therapeutic targeting in SLE of BAFF and/or B cells in SLE could be successful even in states of IFN-α overexpression. Moreover, our results document important biological differences between IFN-α–driven and spontaneous natural SLE disease.
Phenotype, Function, and Gene Expression Profiles of Programmed Death-1hi CD8 T Cells in Healthy Human Adults
Authors: Duraiswamy Jaikumar , Ibegbu Chris C. , Masopust David , Miller Joseph D. , Araki Koichi , Doho Gregory H. , Tata Pramila , Gupta Satish , Zilliox Michael J. , Nakaya Helder I. , Pulendran Bali , Haining W. Nicholas , Freeman Gordon J. , Ahmed Rafi 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
T cell dysfunction is an important feature of many chronic viral infections. In particular, it was shown that programmed death-1 (PD-1) regulates T cell dysfunction during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice, and PD-1hi cells exhibit an intense exhausted gene signature. These findings were extended to human chronic infections such as HIV, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus. However, it is not known if PD-1hi cells of healthy humans have the traits of exhausted cells. In this study, we provide a comprehensive description of phenotype, function, and gene expression profiles of PD-1hi versus PD-1lo CD8 T cells in the peripheral blood of healthy human adults as follows: 1) the percentage of naive and memory CD8 T cells varied widely in the peripheral blood cells of healthy humans, and PD-1 was expressed by the memory CD8 T cells; 2) PD-1hi CD8 T cells in healthy humans did not significantly correlate with the PD-1hi exhausted gene signature of HIV-specific human CD8 T cells or chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific CD8 T cells from mice; 3) PD-1 expression did not directly affect the ability of CD8 T cells to secrete cytokines in healthy adults; 4) PD-1 was expressed by the effector memory compared with terminally differentiated effector CD8 T cells; and 5) finally, an interesting inverse relationship between CD45RA and PD-1 expression was observed. In conclusion, our study shows that most PD-1hi CD8 T cells in healthy adult humans are effector memory cells rather than exhausted cells.
A Point Mutation in the Amino Terminus of TLR7 Abolishes Signaling without Affecting Ligand Binding
Authors: Iavarone Carlo , Ramsauer Katrin , Kubarenko Andriy V. , Debasitis Jason C. , Leykin Igor , Weber Alexander N. R. , Siggs Owen M. , Beutler Bruce , Zhang Pu , Otten Gillis , D’Oro Ugo , Valiante Nicholas M. , Mbow M. Lamine , Visintin Alberto 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
TLR7 is the mammalian receptor for ssRNA and some nucleotide-like small molecules. We have generated a mouse by N-nitrose-N′-ethyl urea mutagenesis in which threonine 68 of TLR7 was substituted with isoleucine. Cells bearing this mutant TLR7 lost the sensitivity to the small-molecule TLR7 agonist resiquimod, hence the name TLR7rsq1. In this work, we report the characterization of this mutant protein. Similar to the wild-type counterpart, TLR7rsq1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is expressed at normal levels in both primary cells and reconstituted 293T cells. In addition to small-molecule TLR7 agonists, TLR7rsq1 fails to be activated by ssRNA. Whole-transcriptome analysis demonstrates that TLR7 is the exclusive and indispensable receptor for both classes of ligands, consistent with the fact that both ligands induce highly similar transcriptional signatures in TLR7wt/wt splenocytes. Thus, TLR7rsq1 is a bona fide phenocopy of the TLR7 null mouse. Because TLR7rsq1 binds to ssRNA, our studies imply that the N-terminal portion of TLR7 triggers a yet to be identified event on TLR7. TLR7rsq1 mice might represent a valuable tool to help elucidate novel aspects of TLR7 biology.
Rapid and Transient Activation of γδ T Cells to IFN-γ Production, NK Cell-Like Killing, and Antigen Processing during Acute Virus Infection
Authors: Toka Felix N. , Kenney Mary A. , Golde William T. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
γδ T cells are the majority peripheral blood T cells in young cattle. The role of γδ T cells in innate responses against infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus was analyzed on consecutive 5 d following infection. Before infection, bovine WC1+ γδ T cells expressed a nonactivated phenotype relative to CD62L, CD45RO, and CD25 expression and did not produce IFN-γ ex vivo. Additionally, CD335 expression was lacking and no spontaneous target cell lysis could be detected in vitro, although perforin was detectable at a very low level. MHC class II and CD13 expression were also lacking. Following infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus, expression of CD62L and CD45RO was greatly reduced on WC1+ γδ T cells, and unexpectedly, CD45RO expression did not recover. A transient increase in expression of CD25 correlated with production of IFN-γ. Expression of CD335 and production of perforin were detected on a subset of γδ T cells, and this correlated with an increased spontaneous killing of xenogeneic target cells. Furthermore, increased MHC class II expression was detected on WC1+ γδ T cells, and these cells processed protein Ags. These activities are rapidly induced, within 3 d, and wane by 5 d following infection. All of these functions, NK-like killing, Ag processing, and IFN-γ production, have been demonstrated for these cells in various species. However, these results are unique in that all these functions are detected in the same samples of WC1+ γδ T cells, suggesting a pivotal role of these cells in controlling virus infection.
Modulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses by Tofacitinib (CP-690,550)
Authors: Ghoreschi Kamran , Jesson Michael I. , Li Xiong , Lee Jamie L. , Ghosh Sarbani , Alsup Jason W. , Warner James D. , Tanaka Masao , Steward-Tharp Scott M. , Gadina Massimo , Thomas Craig J. , Minnerly John C. , Storer Chad E. , LaBranche Timothy P. , Radi Zaher A. , Dowty Martin E. , Head Richard D. , Meyer Debra M. , Kishore Nandini , O’Shea John J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Inhibitors of the JAK family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases have demonstrated clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders; however, the precise mechanisms by which JAK inhibition improves inflammatory immune responses remain unclear. In this study, we examined the mode of action of tofacitinib (CP-690,550) on JAK/STAT signaling pathways involved in adaptive and innate immune responses. To determine the extent of inhibition of specific JAK/STAT-dependent pathways, we analyzed cytokine stimulation of mouse and human T cells in vitro. We also investigated the consequences of CP-690,550 treatment on Th cell differentiation of naive murine CD4+ T cells. CP-690,550 inhibited IL-4–dependent Th2 cell differentiation and interestingly also interfered with Th17 cell differentiation. Expression of IL-23 receptor and the Th17 cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 were blocked when naive Th cells were stimulated with IL-6 and IL-23. In contrast, IL-17A production was enhanced when Th17 cells were differentiated in the presence of TGF-β. Moreover, CP-690,550 also prevented the activation of STAT1, induction of T-bet, and subsequent generation of Th1 cells. In a model of established arthritis, CP-690,550 rapidly improved disease by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and suppressing STAT1-dependent genes in joint tissue. Furthermore, efficacy in this disease model correlated with the inhibition of both JAK1 and JAK3 signaling pathways. CP-690,550 also modulated innate responses to LPS in vivo through a mechanism likely involving the inhibition of STAT1 signaling. Thus, CP-690,550 may improve autoimmune diseases and prevent transplant rejection by suppressing the differentiation of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells as well as innate immune cell signaling.