bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased attenuation value of a colloid cyst of the third ventricle following ventricular decompression
Authors: Warnock N. G. , Powell T. 
Published: July 2009

A 35-year-old woman presented with a 3 month history of postural unsteadiness. She complained of worsening headaches, with blurred vision for 1 week, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. On examination she was found to have bilateral papilloedema, with slight slowness of mentation but no other feature.
Axial computed tomography (CT) (Fig. 1) showed gross dilatation of the lateral ventricles, with a collapsed third ventricle, consistent with the presence of obstruction to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow at the foramina of Munro. No mass was seen.
A ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was inserted into the right lateral ventricle, with relief of symptoms. A repeat CT at 4 days after shunting showed collapse of the right lateral ventricle, with a considerable reduction in the size of the left (Fig. 2). Cerebral angiography was performed and was normal.
Radiotherapy to the surviving kidney after unilateral nephrectomy in bilateral Wilms' tumour
Authors: Kirkbride P. , Plowman P. N. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Despite an improving overall survival rate for children with Wilms' tumour, four out of seven patients with bilateral tumours died in the period from 1952 to 1960 and five out of eight died in the period from 1971 to 1989, at St Bartholomew's Hospital and the Hospital for Sick Children. More aggressive chemotherapy with both adriamycin and actinomycin D and concern over young age being predisposed to late radiation morbidity prompted us to keep radiotherapy dose prescriptions to the surviving kidney below the quoted renal radiation tolerance dose equivalent. In three long-term survivors treated with daily fractions up to 167 cGy and total doses of 1000–1200 cGy, we have found renal function and growth to be within the “normal” range at follow-up and the patients to be normotensive 6–8 years later. As four of the eight patients reported here died from local disease progression within the kidney (albeit despite slightly larger dose prescriptions), we discuss the potential for larger total doses to be delivered in this situation.
Juxtaglomerular cell tumour of the kidney as cause of hypertension: a case report
Authors: van den Berg Jos C. , Hermus Ad R. M. M. , Rosenbusch Gerd R. 
Published: July 2009

Benign renin-secreting juxtaglomerular cell tumours of the kidney (reninomas) are recognized but rare causes of hypertension.
Although 46 well documented cases have been described since the first report by Robertson et al (1967) there has been little emphasis on the radiological aspects of this clinical entity (Conn et al, 1973; Davidson & Clark 1974; Dunnick et al, 1983). The radiodiagnostic criteria and diagnostic investigations will be dealt with in this case report.
A 33-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of hypertension (230/130 mmHg) uncontrollable by β-blocking agents. There were no complaints of increased thirst, polyuria or muscular weakness. On physical examination, no abnormalities except for the hypertension were found. The chest radiograph together with an intravenous urogram were normal.
Measurement of extrafocal radiation by computed radiography
Authors: Miettunen R. H. 
Published: July 2009

Please note that there was an error in the formula contained in the paper entitled Measurement of extrafocal radiation by computed radiography, published in the March 1992 issue of the British Journal of Radiology. The error occurred in the formula on p. 240, the correct formula is shown below.
The Publisher apologizes to both the author and the readers for this error.
A comparison of ultrasound exposure in therapy and pulsed Doppler fields
Authors: Starritt H. C. , Duck F. A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A detailed comparison of the ultrasound exposure in water from a therapeutic beam and a pulsed Doppler beam was carried out. A significant overlap in acoustic power was found between therapy intensity levels used clinically and the upper end of the diagnostic range, between approximately 100 mW and 200 mW. In addition, pulse pressure amplitudes in the range 0.5–1.0 MPa were measured close to the transducer on both units. It is common to use physiotherapy equipment at pulse average intensities of 0.5 W/cm2 or less, and at these levels exposures of similar magnitude may be obtained with beams currently denned as therapeutic and those available from pulsed Doppler equipment
An audit of ultrasound diagnosis of gallbladder calculi
Authors: Walker J. , Chalmers R. T. A. , Allan P. L. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Many series suggest that ultrasound is an accurate method for demonstrating cholelithiasis. However, these series were often prospective and the examinations performed by experienced sonographers. This audit addresses whether the accuracy is maintained in daily practice. We reviewed the ultrasound scans of 128 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis and compared the findings. The operative and ultrasound findings were at variance in eight of the 128 patients (6.2%). Five were reported as having gallstones on ultrasound but none were found at cholecystectomy, a false positive rate for ultrasound of 3.9%. Three had abnormal gallbladders with no gallstones on ultrasound but gallstones were found at operation, a false negative rate of 2.3%. To avoid false positive diagnoses, suboptimal examinations should be repeated and the scan should be repeated immediately pre-operatively if only small calculi are seen. Alternative imaging should be performed if necessary, either cholescintigraphy in the acute situation or elective oral cholecystography. Some false negative examinations may be avoided by performing repeat examinations if the gallbladder is thick-walled and tender. With these provisos we conclude that ultrasound correctly diagnoses cholelithiasis in daily practice.
Conventional 15 G needle technique for renal biopsy compared with ultrasound-guided spring-loaded 18 G needle biopsy
Authors: Cozens N. J. A. , Murchison J. T. , Allan P. L. , Winney R. J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Two techniques for percutaneous renal biopsy were retrospectively reviewed to assess their relative safety and efficacy. Ultrasound localization of the kidney by a radiologists, with subsequent biopsy performed by a renal physician using a hand-held 15 G cutting needle (Tru-Cut), was compared with biopsy performed by a radiologist using an 18 G cutting needle with a springloaded biopsy device (Biopty) and real-time ultrasound guidance. The smaller needle with real-time ultrasound is more reliable at retrieving an adequate specimen for histological examination (93%) than the “conventional” technique (79%). Fewer complications occurred in the Biopty group although the difference did not reach statistical significance. The average length of stay in hospital was significantly shorter for elective biopsies with the Biopty device (1.80 compared with 2.93 nights, p &lt; 0.01). We recommend the use of the Biopty device with an 18 G needle and real-time ultrasound guidance as the method of choice for percutaneous renal biopsy.
The radiological imaging of bronchial atresia
Authors: Kinsella D. , Sissons G. , Williams M. P. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The clinical and radiological findings in three cases of bronchial atresia are presented. Bronchial atresia has a characteristic plain radiographic appearance in the majority of cases. Computed tomography may be required to confirm the diagnosis. The condition often presents to the radiologist as an incidental finding on the chest radiograph in a patient undergoing investigation for an unrelated problem.
Image comparison techniques for use with megavoltage imaging systems
Authors: Evans P. M. , Gildersleve J. Q. , Morton E. J. , Swindell W. , Coles R. , Ferraro M. , Rawlings C. , Xiao Z. R. , Dyer J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
In this paper we describe software facilities for enabling patient positioning studies using the megavoltage imaging system developed at the Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research. The study focuses on the use of the system for three purposes: patient position verification (by comparing images taken at treatment simulation with megavoltage images taken at treatment time); reproducibility studies (by analysing a set of megavoltage images); and set-up correction (by adjusting the setup until the megavoltage image obtained at treatment registers with the simulation image). The need is discussed for suitably presented simulator images, a method of determining field boundaries and the possibility of delineating soft-tissue interfaces. Several algorithms of different types, developed specifically for the purpose of intercomparison of planar projection images, are presented. The techniques employed and their usefulness, in both the qualitative and the quantitative sense, are discussed. The results are presented of a phantom and clinical study, to evaluate the rigour and reproducibility of the algorithms. These results indicate that measurements can be made to an accuracy of about 1–2 mm, with a similar value for interobserver reproducibility for the best image comparison techniques available.
Spontaneous disappearance of staghorn calculus
Authors: Sheppard L. 
Published: July 2009

I read with interest the report by McGann et al (1991).
There are earlier reports than theirs of spontaneous disappearance of staghorn calculi. Elliot (1954) reviewed the literature to that date and collected 13 cases of spontaneous dissolution of renal calculi to which he added a further four cases. Not all of these fulfilled McGann's criteria, but all involved large stones which disappeared without treatment.
Tuberculosis of the ribs: computed tomographic findings
Authors: FitzGerald R. , Hutchinson C. E. 
Published: July 2009

Tuberculosis (TB) is still endemic in Britain, 5474 cases being notified in England and Wales during 1989 (9:100000). Eighty-one new cases of TB were notified in Wolverhampton during that year (31:100000). Despite the introduction of preventative and curative treatment, this is little less than half the 195 new cases of TB in Wolverhampton notified during 1947 (Report of the Director of Public Health, Wolverhampton, 1990). The ethnic minorities in Britain are overrepresented amongst the patients with tuberculosis (Davies et al, 1984). Wolverhampton has a rate three times the national average, and this is considered to be due to the social and ethnic structure of its population.
In the USA the incidence of tuberculosis, which had been previously declining over decades, has since 1985 shown an increase (Buckner etal, 1991). This is considered to be due to the HIV epidemic. Clinical manifestations of tuberculosis in patients with AIDS are often atypical. In approximately 15% of patients without HIV infection TB occurs at extrapulmonary sites, whereas this is seen in 40% of patients who are HIV positive (Goldsmith, 1990).
Bony tuberculosis is classically described in about 1% of patients with tuberculosis (Davidson & Horowitz, 1970). The rib is an uncommon site of osteoarticular tuberculosis.
We present two cases of rib tuberculosis which demonstrate the computed tomographic (CT) appearances and the role of CT in its diagnosis.
An 80-year-old male Indian farmer presented with lower left chest pain for 6 months. He had smoked until 3 years prior to his admission.
Localized loss of the infrabronchial descending aortic interface as a normal variant
Authors: van Gelderen W. F. C. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Localized loss of the aortic interface may occur as a normal variant or may be due to an adjacent mass or opacification. The former category is divided into four types depending on position and length of loss of interface. The findings on conventional chest radiographs are correlated with computed tomographic findings.
A figure of merit for the assessment of image intensifier systems
Authors: McRobbie D. W. , Hancock A. P. , Castellano I. A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A dimensionless figure of merit (F), which combines key aspects of the performance of image intensifier systems, is derived. This figure is ideally independent of input air kerma rate and field size and relates to the fundamental characteristics of the image reception chain. In practice it is calculated from measurements of the threshold contrast (noise) and limiting resolution using the Leeds test objects and the input air kerma rate. Several practical examples illustrate its usefulness in simple performance assessment and quality assurance procedures. A comparison is made with the use of detection index diagrams.
Extradural paraganglioma with multiple skeletal metastases
Authors: Jindel Rajesh , Gupta A. K. , Mahapatra A. K. , Bal C. S. , Singhal R. M. 
Published: July 2009

Tumours arising from the paraganglia (paragangliomas) are characteristically of low malignant potential, with only 10% developing distant metastases (North et al, 1990). Malignancy in paragangliomas is defined either by local invasion or spread to distant sites normally devoid of paraganglia (Irons et al, 1977; Jackson et al, 1982). We present a case with several unusual features: (1) the primary site of the tumour is in the extradural space at D7 and L3 levels (lesion at L3 not biopsied), (2) multiple skeletal metastases at a short interval after primary diagnosis, and (3) absence of mitoses both in the original specimen and the metastatic deposit.
A 29-year-old man presented in December 1989 with girdle pain in the upper abdomen for 3 months, descending numbness and paraparesis for 3 weeks and incontinence for 1 week.
A curious case of pelvic calcification
Authors: Grier D. J. , Sibley G. N. A. 
Published: July 2009

A 48-year-old woman complained of chronic dysuria, urinary frequency and incontinence. 20 years ago invasive carcinoma of the cervix had been treated by Wertheim's hysterectomy and radiotherapy (cobalt 60). Between 5200—6000 rads tumour dose were administered over 36 days with no immediate complication.
A colostomy was performed 2 years later for colonic obstruction due to a stricture of the recto-sigmoid. She subsequently developed bilateral ureteric strictures and required an ileal interposition for this, the distal end of the ileal segment being anastomosed to the bladder dome. Both of these episodes were ascribed to fibrosis secondary to radiotherapy.
Radiation protection associated with well women breast cancer screening
Authors: Law J. , Dance D. R. , Faulkner K. , Fitzgerald M. C. , Ramsdale M. L. , Robinson A. 
Published: July 2009

The letter from Moores and Henshaw (1992) raises several points which must be answered. However, we believe the answers are relatively simple provided certain points are kept clearly in mind. We wish to make the following comments:
1. To answer the first question in their second paragraph, “Irradiation of well women for screening purposes” does constitute medical exposure, for which there is no dose limit. Paragraph 2.16 of the Guidance Notes to the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1985 (NRPB, 1988) applies, which states: “Screening programmes… should be undertaken only if the expected medical benefits to the individuals examined and to the population as a whole exceed the economic and social costs, including the risks associated with the radiation dose involved. Since benefits are not always the same for all members of the population, screening should be limited normally to particular groups”.
Measuring radiation exposure during percutaneous drainages: can shoulder dosemeters be used to estimate finger doses?
Authors: Vehmas Tapio , Tikkanen Heikki 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Some previous studies have shown remarkably high finger doses to radiologists performing percutaneous drainage under fluoroscopy. To assess the possible need for extra finger dosemeters in addition to the general dosemeter, radiologists' and assistants' radiation exposure at both shoulders and at the third fingers of both hands were recorded using thermoluminescent dosemeters during 27 interventional drainage procedures. Under couch screening was used. Mean dose rates were calculated by dividing the doses by the screening time. The dose rates for the sites measured were correlated with each other. The radiologists' bilateral finger dose rates did not correlate with each other; nor did dose rates between the left shoulder and the right hand. The radiologists' dose rates at both shoulders, however, correlated with each other, as did the shoulder dose rates with the dose rates athe ispilateral hand. The right shoulder dose rates correlated with the left hand dose rates. The assistants' dose rates at the places of measurement all showed significant correlations with each other. It is therefore concluded that radiologists involved in percutaneous drainages should use finger dosemeters on both hands; for assistants this may not be necessary.
Stage IB cervical carcinoma: a clinical audit
Authors: Gaze M. N. , Kelly C. G. , Dunlop P. R. C. , Redpath A. T. , Kerr G. R. , Cowie V. J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
All patients with FIGO Stage IB cervical cancer registered with the Department of Clinical Oncology at the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, during the 6 years from 1979 to 1984 have been reviewed, as part of a continuing programme of clinical audit. Of the 140 patients with Stage IB disease, 68 (49%) were treated by primary surgery of whom 44 (31%) also received adjuvant radiotherapy. Radical radiotherapy was the definitive treatment for 69 patients (49%). Three patients (2%) were not treated with curative intent. The crude 5-year survival rate for all cases was 72% and the cause-specific 5-year survival rate was 78%. Local tumour control at 5 years was 72%. There was no significant difference in outcome between the surgically treated and irradiated groups of patients. Age, histology and nodal status did not influence outcome. Irradiated patients with bulky tumours fared significantly worse than the other patients who received radical radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis of all patients revealed no significant independent prognostic variables. Primary surgery appears to confer no benefit over radical radiotherapy in terms of either survival or local control. Treatment-related late bladder and bowel morbidity was, however, significantly worse in irradiated patients.
Percutaneous drainage of splenic abscesses: an effective and safe procedure
Authors: Hadas-Halpren I. , Hiller N. , Dolberg M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Percutaneous drainage of splenic abscesses has not yet become a common procedure due to the potential risk of bleeding and the danger of damage to neighbouring organs. We present our experience of percutaneous drainage in eight patients with splenic abscesses. Four patients were treated by therapeutic percutaneous needle aspiration of the fluid collection, and four by percutaneous trocar catheter insertion. All procedures were guided by ultrasound or computed tomography. The procedure was successful in all eight patients with no complications.
The assessment of carotid and vertebral arteries: a comparison of CFM duplex ultrasound with intravenous digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Colquhoun I. , Oates C. P. , Martin K. , Hall K. , Whittingham T. A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The use of duplex ultrasound with colour flow mapping is compared with that of intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) in the investigation of carotid and vertebral artery disease. Ninety-nine carotid and vertebral arteries were examined independently by IVDSA and ultrasound for location and degree of disease in 30 men (mean age 58) and 20 women (mean age 53). For purposes of comparison the carotid tree was divided into six segments. In 46% of cases no disease was detected by either modality. In 36% of cases where disease was found, ultrasound found mild disease in arteries reported as normal by IVDSA. Both modalities detected the six cases of total occlusion found in the study. IVDSA underestimated five cases of major disease found by ultrasound at the bifurcation or in the bulb. Overall agreement in grading vessel segments was good, with 74.5% in complete agreement and 90.3% grading stenoses to within ±25% of the other modality. There was good qualitative agreement in the findings for vertebral arteries. In four patients conventional arteriography was also available for comparison.
Myocardial damage following coronary bypass surgery: assessment with antimyosin antibody uptake
Authors: Jiménez-Heffernan A. , Latre J. M. , Concha M. , Torres M. , Martínez-Paredes M. , Llamas-Elvira J. M. , González F. M. , Valverde A. , Mateo A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
To assess the role of 111In antimyosin antibody (AbAm) in the delineation of myocardial damage following coronary bypass surgery, we studied 51 consecutive patients who underwent coronary surgery, 27 of whom had a history of prior myocardial infarction. All patients underwent a diagnostic protocol comprising: (1) 99Tcm pyrophosphate (PYP) and AbAm injection 48 h after surgery (AbAm imaging 24 and 48 h post-injection) (myocardial/background and myocardial/lung ratios were obtained respectively from the computer image); (2) Radioimmunoassay (RIA) serum CK-B levels from samples obtained immediately before surgery, and 24 and 48 h later; (3) clinical and ECG follow-up. Twenty-five patients showed positive AbAm studies, 10 had positive PYP images, and 21 had CK-B levels above normal limits at 24 h. One patient with abnormal AbAm, PYP and CK-B studies had new Q waves on the ECG after surgery. This patient was considered to have sustained a peri-operative myocardial infarction. The large number of positive AbAm studies probably reflects myocardial damage frequently associated with coronary bypass surgery.
Assessment of mammographic film processor performance in a hospital and mobile screening unit
Authors: Murray J. G. , Dowsett D. J. , Laird O. , Ennis J. T. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
In contrast to the majority of mammographic breast screening programmes, film processing at this centre occurs on site in both hospital and mobile trailer units. Initial (1989) quality control (QC) sensitometric tests revealed a large variation in film processor performance in the mobile unit. The clinical significance of these variations was assessed and acceptance limits for processor performance determined. Abnormal mammograms were used as reference material and copied using high definition 35 mm film over a range of exposure settings. The copies were than matched with QC film density variation from the mobile unit. All films were subsequently ranked for spatial and contrast resolution. Optimal values for processing time of 2 min (equivalent to film transit time 3 min and developer time 46 s) and temperature of 36°C were obtained. The widespread anomaly of reporting film transit time as processing time is highlighted. Use of mammogram copies as a means of measuring the influence of film processor variation is advocated. Careful monitoring of the mobile unit film processor performance has produced stable quality comparable with the hospital based unit. The advantages of on site film processing are outlined. The addition of a sensitometric step wedge to all mammography film stock as a means of assessing image quality is recommended.
The influence of needle size on post-myelography headache: a controlled trial
Authors: McGann Garrett M. , Gleeson Fergus V. , Kelly Ian , Valentine Alan R. , Platts Andrew , Butler Paul , Crump Bernard J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the use of fine rather than larger calibre needles for myelography reduces the incidence of post-procedural headache. 160 patients were randomized in a prospective controlled trial of 22 gauge versus 26 gauge needles. The incidence and overall severity of headache as measured at 1, 4 and 21 days after myelography was not significantly different in the two groups.