bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of sediment in transport in the swash zone of a steep estuarine foreshore
Authors: SAINI SHERESTHA , JACKSON NANCY L. , NORDSTROM KARL F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCross‐shore grading of sediment has been observed on the surface of estuarine beaches but the swash zone processes responsible for this grading have not been measured. This study was conducted to provide an explanation for the cross‐shore grading of sediment on a predominantly sandy estuarine foreshore. Data on wave and swash characteristics and sediment trapped in the uprush and backwash during 25 swash events were gathered from mid‐rising to mid‐falling tide on a small transgressive barrier in Delaware Bay, New Jersey, USA. Sediment is predominantly quartz and feldspar, medium to coarse sands with a gravel fraction of granules and pebbles. Wave energies increased with tidal rise. The percentage of gravel in transport in the uprush and backwash is similar (11% and 13%) during the rising tide when the swash zone is at mid‐foreshore, decreases in the uprush (9%) and increases in the backwash (18%) when the swash zone is on the upper foreshore. When the swash zone is at mid‐foreshore on the falling tide, the quantity of gravel in the backwash (30%) is greater than in the uprush (24%). The low proportion of gravel within the foreshore prior to trapping, and the increase in the percentage of gravel when the waves and swash are on the upper foreshore, suggests that the step is the primary source of gravel high on the foreshore. The size of the step increases as wave heights increase with tidal rise. The rate of delivery of gravel into the swash is enhanced by sediment entrained during wave breaking and interaction of the uprush with the previous backwash. The lag in the rate of step migration relative to breaker migration during the falling tide increases the likelihood of mining gravel from the step and subsequent transport in the uprush and backwash. These findings are important for low energy estuarine beaches sensitive to small changes in tidal range and wave energy that cause sedimentological change across the foreshore.
Magma intrusion mechanisms and redistribution of seismogenic stress at Mt. Etna volcano (1997–1998)
Authors: Bonanno Amalia , Palano Mimmo , Privitera Eugenio , Gresta Stefano , Puglisi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 339–348, 2011AbstractSeveral volcanoes worldwide have shown changes in their stress state as a consequence of the deformation produced by the pressurization of a magmatic body. This study investigated seismic swarms occurring on the western flank of Mt. Etna in January 1997–January 1998. Integrating seismic observations and geodetic data, we constrained the seismogenic fault system, and on the basis of stress tensor inversion and SHMAX analyses, we inferred an inflating pressure source located at 5.5 km b.s.l. beneath the west portion of summit area. Evaluation of Coulomb failure stress related to the proposed model showed how a large part of the seismogenic fault underwent a significant Coulomb failure stress increase (500 kPa). We inferred the presence of a sub‐vertical faulted region, potentially weak, N50°E‐oriented beneath the western sector of Mt. Etna. This structure could be brought closer to failure, thereby generating seismic swarms as the effect of elastic stress transfer induced by movement and/or overpressure of magmatic masses within the upper crust under the volcano.
A clinically significant interaction between tacrolimus and multiple proton pump inhibitors in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Maguire Michelle , Franz Thaddeus , Hains David S. 
Published: August 2011

Maguire M, Franz T, Hains DS. A clinically significant interaction between tacrolimus and multiple proton pump inhibitors in a kidney transplant recipient.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The shared metabolism of PPIs and tacrolimus through the CYP enzyme system has been associated with clinically significant drug interactions, especially in patients who are classified as CYP 2C19 PMs. However, existing data are conflicting, indicating that a single mechanism does not account for all interactions. A drug interaction between tacrolimus and omeprazole, esomeprazole, but not lansoprazole, occurred in an 18‐yr‐old female kidney transplant recipient classified as a CYP 2C19 extensive (normal) metabolizer. This case suggests that further research is needed to establish the definitive mechanism of this potentially serious drug–drug interaction. Physicians prescribing PPIs in organ transplant recipients with tacrolimus immunosuppression should consider close pharmacokinetic monitoring of tacrolimus when starting or switching a PPI.
Severe hyperinsulinemia, decreased GLUT3 and GLUT4 expression, and increased retinol binding protein 4 in a patient with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease post bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Livadas Sarantis , Voutetakis Antonis , Bourhis Jean‐Claude , Maratou Eirini , Dimitriadis George , Margeli Alexandra , Chandrinou Helen , Goussetis Evgenios , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Dacou‐Voutetakis Catherine 
Published: August 2011

Livadas S, Voutetakis A, Bourhis J‐C, Maratou E, Dimitriadis G, Margeli A, Chandrinou H, Goussetis E, Papassotiriou I, Dacou‐Voutetakis C. Severe hyperinsulinemia, decreased GLUT3 and GLUT4 expression, and increased retinol binding protein 4 in a patient with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease post bone marrow transplantation.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Hyperinsulinemia with or without DM2 is a frequent long‐term sequela of BMT, especially following cGvHD. In this report, an extensive evaluation of a patient with cGvHD is described: glucose and insulin during OGTT, markers of inflammation, adiponectin and RBP4, body composition analysis, and the kinetics of GLUT3 and GLUT4 in circulating monocytes were evaluated. Hyperinsulinemia, associated with partial lipodystrophy, elevated RBP4, low adiponectin levels, and decreased expression of GLUT3 and GLUT4 were detected. The defects disclosed in this particular patient possibly explain, at least in part, the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in patients undergoing BMT. It is not clear whether insulin resistance was caused by the drugs, the process itself, or the residual damage to the muscles and/or adipose tissue.
Genotype, phenotype, and outcomes of nine patients with T‐B+NK+ SCID
Authors: Yu Grace P. , Nadeau Kari C. , Berk David R. , de Saint Basile Geneviève , Lambert Nathalie , Knapnougel Perrine , Roberts Joseph , Kavanau Kristina , Dunn Elizabeth , Stiehm E. Richard , Lewis David B. , Umetsu Dale T. , Puck Jennifer M. , Cowan Morton J. 
Published: August 2011

Yu GP, Nadeau KC, Berk DR, de Saint Basile G, Lambert N, Knapnougel P, Roberts J, Kavanau K, Dunn E, Stiehm ER, Lewis DB, Umetsu DT, Puck JM, Cowan MJ. Genotype, phenotype, and outcomes of nine patients with T‐B+NK+ SCID. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 733–741. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  There are few reports of clinical presentation, genotype, and HCT outcomes for patients with T‐B+NK+ SCID. Between 1981 and 2007, eight of 84 patients with SCID who received and/or were followed after HCT at UCSF had the T‐B+NK+ phenotype. One additional patient with T‐B+NK+ SCID was identified as the sibling of a patient treated at UCSF. Chart reviews were performed. Molecular analyses of IL7R, IL2RG, JAK3, and the genes encoding the CD3 T‐cell receptor components δ (CD3D), ε (CD3E), and ζ (CD3Z) were carried out. IL7R mutations were documented in four patients and CD3D mutations in two others. Three patients had no defects found. Only two of nine patients had an HLA‐matched related HCT donor. Both survived, and neither developed GVHD. Five of seven recipients of haploidentical grafts survived. Although the majority of reported cases of T‐B+NK+ SCID are caused by defects in IL7R, CD3 complex defects were also found in this series and should be considered when evaluating patients with T‐B+NK+ SCID. Additional genes, mutations in which account for T‐B+NK+ SCID, remain to be found. Better approaches to early diagnosis and HCT treatment are needed for patients lacking an HLA‐matched related donor.
Male sex, hiatus hernia, and Helicobacter pylori infection associated with asymptomatic erosive esophagitis
Authors: Wang Pin‐Chao , Hsu Ching‐Sheng , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Hsieh Tsung‐Cheng , Chen Chien‐Hwa , Su Wei‐Chih , Lin Hans Hsienhong , Wang Chia‐Chi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Asymptomatic erosive esophagitis (AEE) is an easily forgotten subgroup of gastroesophageal reflux disease due to its lack of warning symptoms, despite having the risk of developing complications, such as bleeding, stricture, or even esophageal adenocarcinoma.Methods:  A total of 2843 potentially eligible patients were screened at the health management center of Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital. A total of 1001 patients responded to the survey and gave informed consent; 998 patients who completed the reflux disease diagnostic questionnaire were enrolled. Of them, 594 patients who had no reflux symptoms were included for final analysis. The presence and severity of erosive esophagitis was graded according to the Los Angeles classification. Active infection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was determined by the Campylo‐like organism (CLO) test during endoscopies.Results:  A total of 14.5% (86/594) of asymptomatic patients had endoscopic findings of erosive esophagitis. In the univariate analysis, male sex and hiatus hernia were significantly associated with AEE. Positive CLO tests had a trend association. Based on the multivariate analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR]: 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–3.98), hiatus hernia (OR: 4.48, 95% CI: 2.35–89.17), and positive CLO test (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34–0.95) were associated with AEE, as compared to the healthy controls.Conclusions:  AEE is not a rare condition, and constitutes 14.5% of the asymptomatic population. Male sex, hiatus hernia, and H. pylori infection are factors associated with AEE. These findings are not only helpful in identifying such asymptomatic patients, but also provide information to improve understanding of the relationship between H. pylori infection, reflux symptoms, and erosive esophagitis.
Sequential therapy achieves a higher eradication rate than standard triple therapy in Taiwan
Authors: Tsay Feng‐Woei , Tseng Hui‐Hwa , Hsu Ping‐I , Wang Kai‐Ming , Lee Ching‐Chang , Chang Shiuh‐Nan , Wang Huay‐Min , Yu Hsien‐Chung , Chen Wen‐Chi , Peng Nan‐Jing , Lai Kwok‐Hung , Wu Deng‐Chyang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Most clinical trials concerning sequential therapy have been conducted in Italy. The efficacy of sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication in Asia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sequential therapy with standard triple therapy in Taiwan.Methods:  From January 2005 to December 2009, 233 H. pylori‐infected patients receiving either a 10‐day sequential therapy (40 mg pantoprazole and 1 g amoxicillin, twice daily, for the initial 5 days, followed by 40 mg pantoprazole, 500 mg clarithromycin, and 500 mg metronidazole, twice daily, for the subsequent 5 days, n = 118) or a 7‐day standard triple therapy (40 mg pantoprazole, 500 mg clarithromycin, and 1 g amoxicillin twice daily for 7 days, n = 115) were included in the retrospective study. All the patients underwent a follow‐up endoscopy with a rapid urease test and histological examination or a urea breath test at 8 weeks after the end of anti‐H. pylori therapy to assess H. pylori status.Result:  Intention‐to‐treat analysis demonstrated a significantly higher eradication rate for the sequential group than for the triple group (93% vs 80%, respectively, P = 0.003). Per‐protocol analysis also showed similar results (93% vs 80%, P = 0.005). Both groups had similar frequencies of adverse events (29% vs 22%) and drug compliance (98% vs 97%).Conclusion:  Sequential therapy achieves a higher eradication rate than standard triple therapy in Taiwan. The novel treatment can be used as a first‐line therapy for H. pylori infection for Taiwanese.
Does unintentional macular translocation after retinal detachment repair influence visual outcome?
Authors: Pandya Vivek B , Ho I‐Van , Hunyor Alex P 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:  To document the occurrence of postoperative macular translocation after retinal detachment repair and discuss its influence on visual outcome.Design:  Retrospective case series in a tertiary care setting.Participants:  Five eyes of five patients presenting to our clinic with macula‐off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.Methods:  All patients underwent surgical repair of the retinal detachment, with regular postoperative follow‐up, including macular optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence.Main Outcome Measures:  Visual acuity and subjective visual symptoms in patients with anatomically successful retinal detachment repair, in whom inadvertent macular translocation was noted.Results:  Our series demonstrates the presence of unintentional macular translocation after retinal detachment repair, detected by fundus autofluorescence imaging. In contrast to previous reports, we document inadvertent macular translocation in one patient after scleral buckling surgery. In each case, the retina was fully reattached postoperatively and no other complications were identified. There was variability in the symptoms and objective visual outcomes after surgery.Conclusions:  Inadvertent macular translocation can occur following repair of macula‐off retinal detachment, and may be a significant contributor to poorer visual outcome after retinal detachment, despite objective surgical success.
Clock‐hour laminar displacement and age in primary open‐angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Rho Chang Rae , Park Hae‐Young Lopilly , Lee Na Young , Park Chan Kee 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:  To find out the relationship between laminar displacement and age between patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma.Design:  Retrospective study conducted at a tertiary university hospitalParticipants or Samples:  Twenty‐six eyes of 26 primary open‐angle glaucoma patients and 52 eyes of 52 normal tension glaucoma patients.Methods:  Patients were scanned with a Stratus optical coherence tomography apparatus to measure the retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and to visualize the cross‐sectional laminar displacement of 12 clock‐hour segments, 30 degrees each. Depth1 was defined as the longest distance between the retinal pigment epithelium and the anterior laminar cribrosa surface, which represents the amount of laminar displacement.Main Outcome Measure:  Partial correlation coefficients adjusted by mean deviation and intraocular pressure between (i) retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and age, and (ii) Depth1 and age.Results:  In the primary open‐angle glaucoma group, strong negative correlations (approximately −0.343 ∼ −0.738) were found between Depth1 and age. Eight of 12 clock‐hour segments' correlations were significant after Bonferroni correction (α = 0.0021; 24 comparisons). However, no significant correlations were found between Depth1 and age in the normal tension glaucoma group. When the correlation coefficients were compared between the two groups, eight clock‐hour segments showed significant differences after Bonferroni correction.Conclusions:  The significantly different correlation between laminar displacement and age between primary open‐angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma patients may suggest a different role of the lamina cribrosa to the disease.
Comparison of intraocular pressure measurement between rebound, non‐contact and Goldmann applanation tonometry in treated glaucoma patients
Authors: Vincent Stephen J , Vincent Roslyn A , Shields David , Lee Graham A 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:  To compare the intraocular pressure readings obtained with the iCare rebound tonometer and the 7CR non‐contact tonometer with those measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry in treated glaucoma patients.Design:  A prospective, cross‐sectional study was conducted in a private tertiary glaucoma clinic.Participants or Samples:  One hundred nine (54 males : 55 females) patients including only eyes under medical treatment for glaucoma.Methods:  Measurement by Goldmann applanation tonometry, iCare rebound tonometry and 7CR non‐contact tonometry.Main Outcome Measures:  Intraocular pressure.Results:  There were strong correlations between the intraocular pressure measurements obtained with Goldmann and both the rebound and non‐contact tonometers (Spearman r‐values ≥ 0.79, P < 0.001). However, there were small, statistically significant differences between the average readings for each tonometer. For the rebound tonometer, the mean intraocular pressure was slightly higher compared with the Goldmann applanation tonometer in the right eyes (P = 0.02), and similar in the left eyes (P = 0.93); however, these differences did not reach statistical significance. The Goldmann correlated measurements from the non‐contact tonometer were lower than the average Goldmann reading for both right (P < 0.001) and left (P > 0.01) eyes. The corneal compensated measurements from the non‐contact tonometer were significantly higher compared with the other tonometers (P ≤ 0.001).Conclusions:  The iCare rebound tonometer and the 7CR non‐contact tonometer measure intraocular pressure in fundamentally different ways to the Goldmann applanation tonometer. The resulting intraocular pressure values vary between the instruments and will need to be considered when comparing clinical versus home acquired measurements.
Prevalence of trachoma in a single community, 1975–2007
Authors: Taylor Hugh R , English Dallas R , Field Barry A , Spicer Paul E , Graham Doris M 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:  To determine the change in the prevalence in active trachoma in children in a remote Aboriginal community over a 32‐year period.Design:  Data used from two cross‐sectional studies repeated in the same community 32 years apart.Participants or Samples:  Children aged 5–13 years living in the community.Methods:  Thirty‐five mm photographs of the everted upper lid taken in 1975 and digital photographs taken in 2007 were graded using a fine trachoma‐grading scheme.Main Outcome Measure:  The age‐specific prevalence and severity of trachoma was compared at the two time points.Results:  Images were available from 82 children in 1975 and from 92 children in 2007. The overall prevalence of active trachoma (trachomatous inflammation follicular and or trachomatous inflammation intense) was 59% in 1975 and in 2007 was significantly lower at 23% (P < 0.001). The overall severity grades of active trachoma had also decreased significantly for each sign from 1975 to 2007 (all P values from the rank‐sum test were less than 0.001). However, in 2007, there were still some children with severe active trachoma and severe scarring still occurred.Conclusion:  Although the prevalence and severity of active trachoma in children have decreased significantly over the last 30 years in this community, trachoma still remains a significant public health problem. One third of the children have active trachoma, a figure in excess of the threshold set as a public health problem by the World Health Organization.
Engineering multiple genomic deletions in Gram‐negative bacteria: analysis of the multi‐resistant antibiotic profile of Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Martínez‐García Esteban , de Lorenzo Víctor 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe genome of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440 has been erased of various determinants of resistance to antibiotics encoded in its extant chromosome. To this end, we employed a coherent genetic platform that allowed the precise deletion of multiple genomic segments in a large variety of Gram‐negative bacteria including (but not limited to) P. putida. The method is based on the obligatory recombination between free‐ended homologous DNA sequences that are released as linear fragments generated upon the cleavage of the chromosome with unique I‐SceI sites, added to the segment of interest by the vector system. Despite the potential for a SOS response brought about by the appearance of double stranded DNA breaks during the process, fluctuation experiments revealed that the procedure did not increase mutation rates – perhaps due to the protection exerted by I‐SceI bound to the otherwise naked DNA termini. With this tool in hand we made sequential deletions of genes mexC, mexE, ttgA and ampC in the genome of the target bacterium, orthologues of which are known to determine various degrees of antibiotic resistance in diverse microorganisms. Inspection of the corresponding phenotypes demonstrated that the efflux pump encoded by ttgA sufficed to endow P. putida with a high‐level of tolerance to β‐lactams, chloramphenicol and quinolones, but had little effect on, e.g. aminoglycosides. Analysis of the mutants revealed also a considerable diversity in the manifestation of the resistance phenotype within the population and suggested a degree of synergism between different pumps. The directed edition of the P. putida chromosome shown here not only enhances the amenability of this bacterium to deep genomic engineering, but also validates the corresponding approach for similar handlings of a large variety of Gram‐negative microorganisms.
Long‐term results of a randomized trial comparing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate and transurethral resection of the prostate: results at 7 years
Authors: Gilling Peter J. , Wilson Liam C. , King Colleen J. , Westenberg Andre M. , Frampton Christopher M. , Fraundorfer Mark R. 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Therapy (RCT)Level of Evidence 1bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?HoLEP has been widely adopted worldwide as an alternative to TURP but long term results have been lacking despite the strong scientific basis for the technique.This study provides long‐term results from the original RCT comparing the two techniques.OBJECTIVE
To assess the durability of holmium laser enucleation of prostate in comparison to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients were enrolled in the present study between June 1997 and December 2000 and followed per protocol.
All patients were urodynamically obstructed with a prostate volume of between 40 and 200 mL.
At long‐term follow‐up, variables assessed included Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index (BPHII), International Continence Society Short Form Male questionnaire (ICSmale‐SF) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF).
Adverse events, including the need for retreatment, were specifically assessed.
RESULTS
Thirty‐one (14 holmium laser enucleation of the prostate [HoLEP] and 17 TURP) of the initial 61 patients were available, with 12 deceased and 18 lost to follow‐up.
The mean (range) follow‐up was 7.6 (5.9–10.0) years and the mean (±sd) age at follow‐up was 79.8 (±6.2) years.
The mean (±sd) values (HoLEP vs TURP) were as follows: maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), 22.09 ± 15.47 vs 17.83 ± 8.61 mL/s; American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score, 8.0 ± 5.2 vs 10.3 ± 7.42; quality of life (QOL) score 1.47 ± 1.31 vs 1.31 ± 0.85; BPHII, 1.53 ± 2.9 vs 0.58 ± 0.79; IIEF‐EF (erectile function), 11.6 ± 7.46 vs 9.21 ± 7.17; ICSmale Voiding Score (VS), 4.2 ± 3.76 vs 3.0 ± 2.41; ICSmale Incontinence Score (IS), 3.07 ± 3.3 vs 1.17 ± 1.4.
There were no significant differences in any variable between the two groups beyond the first year.
Of the assessable patients, none required re‐operation for recurrent BPH in the HoLEP arm and three (of 17) required re‐operation in the TURP arm .
CONCLUSION
The results of this randomized trial confirm that HoLEP is at least equivalent to TURP in the long term with fewer re‐operations being necessary.