bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment trends and clinical outcomes of endovascular embolization for unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the pediatric population
Authors: Dicpinigaitis Alis J , Syed Shoaib A , Sillari Catherine , Fifi Johanna T , Pisapia Jared , Nuoman Rolla , Gandhi Chirag D , Al-Mufti Fawaz 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundOwing to the relative rarity of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in the pediatric population, evidence regarding treatment modalities and clinical outcomes remains limited.ObjectiveTo characterize the use and clinical outcomes of endovascular therapy (EVT) and microsurgical clipping (MSC) for pediatric UIAs over a two-decade interval using a large national registry.MethodsPediatric (<18 years of age) UIA hospitalizations were identified in the National Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2019. Temporal use and clinical outcomes were compared for treatment with EVT and MSC.ResultsAmong 734 UIAs identified, 64.9% (n=476) were treated with EVT. Use of EVT significantly increased during the study period from 54.3% (2002–2004) to 78.6% (2017–2019) (P=0.002 by Cochrane-Armitage test). In comparison with those treated with MSC, pediatric patients treated with EVT demonstrated higher rates of favorable outcomes (discharge to home without services) (96.0% vs 91.1%, P=0.006), shorter durations of hospital stay (4.6 vs 10.0 days, P<0.001), and lower rates of ischemic or hemorrhagic procedural-related complications (1% vs 4%, P=0.010). Conservative management also increased significantly over the study period (P<0.001 by Cochrane-Armitage test).ConclusionA retrospective evaluation of nearly 20 years of population-level data from the United States demonstrates increasing use of EVT for the treatment of pediatric UIAs, with high rates of favorable outcomes and shorter hospital stays in comparison with those treated with microsurgery.
Characterisation of the octogenarians presenting to the diagnostic heart failure clinic: SHEAF registry
Authors: Thompson Luke , Carr Fiona , Rogers Dominic , Lewis Nigel , Charalampopoulos Athanasios , Fent Graham , Garg Pankaj , Swift Andrew J , Al-Mohammad Abdallah 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionHeart failure (HF) incidence is increasing in older adults with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. Treatment is complicated by side effects and comorbidities. We investigated the clinical characteristics of octogenarians presenting to the HF clinic.MethodsData were collected on octogenarians (80–89 years) referred to the HF clinic in two periods. The data included demographics, HF phenotype, comorbidities, symptoms and treatment. We investigate the temporal changes in clinical characteristics using χ2test. We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics which were associated with optimisation of HF pharmacological intervention in the clinic, conducting multivariate regression analysis. Statistical significance is determined at p<0.05.ResultsData were collected in April 2012 to January 2014 and in June 2021 to December 2022. In this cross-sectional study of temporal data, 571 octogenarians were referred to the clinic in the latter period, in whom the prevalence of HF was 68.48% (391 patients). HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was the most common phenotype and increased significantly compared with the first period (46.3% and 29.2%, p<0.001). Frailty, chronic kidney disease and ischaemic heart disease increased significantly versus the first period (p<0.001). During the second period, and following the consultation, of the patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 86.4% and 82.7% were on a beta blocker and on an ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, respectively. Clinical characteristics associated with further optimisations of HF pharmacological therapy in the HF clinic were: New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III and the presence of HFrEF phenotypeConclusionsWith a prevalence of HF at 68% among the octogenarians referred to the HF clinic, HFpEF incidence is rising. The decision to optimise HF pharmacological treatment in octogenarians is driven by NYHA functional class III and the presence of HFrEF phenotype.
Development and validation of a self-updating gout register from electronic health records data
Authors: Bürgisser Nils , Mongin Denis , Mehouachi Samia , Buclin Clement P. , Guemara Romain , Darbellay Farhoumand Pauline , Braillard Olivia , Lauper Kim , Courvoisier Delphine S. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo develop an automatic gout register from electronic health records (EHRs) data.MethodsWe analysed the EHR of all patients >18 years old from a tertiary academic hospital (2013–2022) based on six criteria: International Classification of Diseases 10 gout diagnosis, urate-lowering therapy prescription, monosodium urate crystals in joint aspiration and gout-related terms in problem lists, clinical or imaging reports. We assessed the positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of the query by chart reviews.ResultsOf 2 110 902 outpatients and inpatients, 10 289 had at least one criterion for gout. The combination of joint aspiration OR diagnostic in the problem list OR≥2 other criteria created a register of 5138 patients, with a PPV of 92.4% (95% CI 88.5% to 95.0%) and an NPV of 94.3% (95% CI 91.9% to 96.0%). PPV and NPV were similar among outpatients and inpatients. Incidence was 2.9 per 1000 person-year and dropped by 30% from the COVID-19 pandemic onward. Patients with gout were on average 71.2 years old (SD 14.9), mainly male (76.5%), overweight (69.5%) and polymorbid (mean number of comorbidities of 3, IQR 1–5). More than half (57.4%) had received a urate-lowering treatment, 6.7% had a gout that led to a hospitalisation or ≥2 flares within a year and 32.9% received a rheumatology consultation.ConclusionAn automatic EHR-based gout register is feasible, valid and could be used to evaluate and improve gout management. Interestingly, the register uncovered a marked underdiagnosis or under-reporting of gout since the COVID-19 pandemic.
Independent and combined effects of very low nicotine cigarette messages and e-cigarette messages: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Pei Di , Reynolds Reed M , Ntansah Charity A , Hackworth Emily E , Henderson Katherine C , Yang Bo , Duong Hue Trong , Ashley David L , Thrasher James F , Popova Lucy 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundUSA is considering reducing nicotine in cigarettes to non-addictive levels, coupled with promoting alternative nicotine delivery products (eg, e-cigarettes). However, effective communication is needed to reduce misperceptions about very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) being less harmful than regular cigarettes.MethodsIn 2022–2023, we conducted a four-group randomised clinical trial with a national probability sample from an online panel (971 adults who smoked cigarettes exclusively, 472 adults who dual used cigarettes and e-cigarettes and 458 adults aged 18–29 who had never smoked). Participants were randomised (parallel assignment) to one message condition: (1) VLNCs as harmful but easier to quit than regular cigarettes (n=468), (2) those who are not ready to quit should consider switching to e-cigarettes as less harmful alternatives (n=484), (3) combined (VLNC and e-cigarette messages; n=476) or (4) control condition (ie, water ads), n=473. The primary outcome was perceived absolute harm of VLNCs.ResultsPerceived harm of VLNCs was higher in the VLNC condition compared with the e-cigarette and control conditions, and higher in the combined condition compared with the e-cigarette condition (adjusted p<0.05). Among adults who dual used, intention to switch to e-cigarettes was higher in the VLNC condition than the e-cigarette, combined or control conditions (adjusted p<0.05).ConclusionsVLNC messages reduced the misperception that VLNCs are less harmful than cigarettes, but adding messages about e-cigarettes did not enhance desired outcomes. These VLNC messages can be considered during the rollout of a reduced nicotine policy.Trial registrationNCT05506046
Construction of new hydrophobic δ-MnO2 flower-like/kaolin/(3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane/metal mesh membrane for oil/water separation: modeling of fouling process
Authors: Sakhaee Alireza , Moghadam Zadeh Hamid Reza , Fazaeli Reza , Raoufi Nahid 
Published: April 2024

A composite material consisting of δ-MnO2 flower-like/kaolin was modified with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and utilized for separating sunflower oil from water using a metal mesh membrane. The δ-MnO2 flower-like/kaolin/APTES/metal mesh membrane was characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory/Barrett–Joyner–Halenda, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle. Based on the outcomes of the conducted experiments, it was observed that the maximum porosity was associated with the δ-MnO2 flower-like/kaolin/APTES 15 (wt.%)/metal mesh (MKA(15 wt.%)M) membrane, and the porosity was calculated to be 0.58%. The blocking filtration model was employed, and a complete blocking model was obtained with a value of n = 2.15 for MKA(15 wt.%)M membrane. The response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was utilized to investigate the effect of parameters such as weight percentage of APTES (wt.%), mass of δ-MnO2 flower-like/kaolin/APTES (MKA) (g), volume of oil in water (mL), and temperature (°C) on the flux (L/m2·h) and rejection (%). Under optimal conditions, weight percentage of 13.32 (wt.%) of APTES, concentration of 0.2 (g) of MKA, volume of 37.10 (mL) of oil in water, and a temperature of 59.06 (°C) were obtained. These conditions resulted in a flux of 5977 (L/m2·h) and a rejection rate of 99.99% for 9 s. The kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second-order model had the highest correlation coefficient of 0.9991, thus displaying the most agreement with the experimental data.
Immunoproteasomal Inhibition With ONX-0914 Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Reduces White Adipose Tissue Mass and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice
Authors: Schaftenaar Frank H. , van Dam Andrea D. , de Bruin Gerjan , Depuydt Marie A.C. , de Mol Jill , Amersfoort Jacob , Douna Hidde , Meijer Menno , Kröner Mara J. , van Santbrink Peter J. , Bernabé Kleijn Mireia N.A. , van Puijvelde Gijs H.M. , Florea Bogdan I. , Slütter Bram , Foks Amanda C. , Bot Ilze , Rensen Patrick C.N. , Kuiper Johan 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Atherosclerosis is the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease and is driven by dyslipidemia and inflammation. Inhibition of the immunoproteasome, a proteasome variant that is predominantly expressed by immune cells and plays an important role in antigen presentation, has been shown to have immunosuppressive effects.

METHODS:

We assessed the effect of ONX-0914, an inhibitor of the immunoproteasomal catalytic subunits LMP7 (proteasome subunit β5i/large multifunctional peptidase 7) and LMP2 (proteasome subunit β1i/large multifunctional peptidase 2), on atherosclerosis and metabolism in LDLr
–/–
and APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice.

RESULTS:
ONX-0914 treatment significantly reduced atherosclerosis, reduced dendritic cell and macrophage levels and their activation, as well as the levels of antigen-experienced T cells during early plaque formation, and Th1 cells in advanced atherosclerosis in young and aged mice in various immune compartments. Additionally, ONX-0914 treatment led to a strong reduction in white adipose tissue mass and adipocyte progenitors, which coincided with neutrophil and macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue. ONX-0914 reduced intestinal triglyceride uptake and gastric emptying, likely contributing to the reduction in white adipose tissue mass, as ONX-0914 did not increase energy expenditure or reduce total food intake. Concomitant with the reduction in white adipose tissue mass upon ONX-0914 treatment, we observed improvements in markers of metabolic syndrome, including lowered plasma triglyceride levels, insulin levels, and fasting blood glucose.

CONCLUSIONS:
We propose that immunoproteasomal inhibition reduces 3 major causes underlying cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation and is a new target in drug development for atherosclerosis treatment.
Sex-Related Disparities in Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Older Adults With Late-Onset Hypertension
Authors: Bugeja Ann , Girard Celine , Sood Manish M. , Kendall Claire E. , Sweet Ally , Singla Ria , Motazedian Pouya , Vinson Amanda J. , Ruzicka Marcel , Hundemer Gregory L. , Knoll Greg , McIsaac Daniel I. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
It is unclear whether sex-based differences in cardiovascular outcomes exist in late-onset hypertension.

METHODS:
This is a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada of 266 273 adults, aged ≥66 years with newly diagnosed hypertension. We determined the incidence of the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (myocardial infarction, stroke, and congestive heart failure), all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular death by sex using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographic factors and comorbidities.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the total cohort was 74 years, and 135 531 (51%) were female. Over a median follow-up of 6.6 (4.7–9.0) years, females experienced a lower crude incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) than males for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (287.3 versus 311.7), death (238.4 versus 251.4), and cardiovascular death (395.7 versus 439.6),
P
<0.001. The risk of primary composite cardiovascular outcome was lower among females (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.73–0.76];
P
<0.001) than in males. This was consistent after adjusting for the competing risk of all-cause death with a subdistributional hazard ratio, 0.88 ([95% CI, 0.86–0.91];
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Females had a lower risk of cardiovascular outcomes compared with males within a population characterized by advanced age and new hypertension. Our results highlight that the severity of outcomes is influenced by sex in relation to the age at which hypertension is diagnosed. Further studies are required to identify sex-specific variations in the diagnosis and management of late-onset hypertension due to its high incidence in this group.
Weakening Demographic Dividend in India
Authors: Ro Yoon Jae , Park Jiwon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study examines the influence of demographic changes on India's economic growth from 1999 to 2019, emphasizing the impact of the rising working-age population on state domestic product per capita and sectoral value-added. While the overall influence of the working-age population ratio and core working-age proportions on per capita economic growth is limited, a higher proportion of high-skilled workers and urban residents positively affects per capita output. Furthermore, our analysis highlights sector-specific effects, with particular significance observed in the industry sector, where the influence of the working-age population is most pronounced.
How Does Trade Liberalization in Imports Affect China's Export Growth Pattern?
Authors: Liu Huizheng , Xiao Yin , Li Shilong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Optimizing export growth patterns and improving the quality of export trade have become prominent issues that need to be addressed urgently in the context of increasing global economic uncertainty. This study utilizes matched data from the CEPII database (1995–2020) and WTO tariff database, adopts a product-level perspective based on the triple margins of exports, and uses an individual-time two-way fixed-effects model to investigate the impact of import trade liberalization on China's export growth pattern. The research findings are as follows: (1) Increasing levels of import trade liberalization are beneficial for enhancing the extensive margin, intensive margin, and quantity margin of products, while exerting a restraining effect on the price margin. This strengthens the price advantage of Chinese products, indicating that import trade liberalization helps optimize China's export growth pattern. (2) Compared with the intensive margin, import trade liberalization has a more significant promoting effect on the extensive margin. (3) The conclusions drawn from heterogeneity analysis suggest that trade liberalization has a more pronounced effect on the extensive margin, intensive margin, and quantity margin of products in medium-high technology industries, differentiated products, and intermediate goods. This study holds important theoretical and practical significance for evaluating the economic benefits of expanding imports, optimizing China's export growth pattern, and improving the quality of export trade.
Positive Competitive Networks for Sparse Reconstruction
Authors: Centorrino Veronica , Gokhale Anand , Davydov Alexander , Russo Giovanni , Bullo Francesco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We propose and analyze a continuous-time firing-rate neural network, the positive firing-rate competitive network (PFCN), to tackle sparse reconstruction problems with non-negativity constraints. These problems, which involve approximating a given input stimulus from a dictionary using a set of sparse (active) neurons, play a key role in a wide range of domains, including, for example, neuroscience, signal processing, and machine learning. First, by leveraging the theory of proximal operators, we relate the equilibria of a family of continuous-time firing-rate neural networks to the optimal solutions of sparse reconstruction problems. Then we prove that the PFCN is a positive system and give rigorous conditions for the convergence to the equilibrium. Specifically, we show that the convergence depends only on a property of the dictionary and is linear-exponential in the sense that initially, the convergence rate is at worst linear and then, after a transient, becomes exponential. We also prove a number of technical results to assess the contractivity properties of the neural dynamics of interest. Our analysis leverages contraction theory to characterize the behavior of a family of firing-rate competitive networks for sparse reconstruction with and without non-negativity constraints. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our approach via a numerical example.
“Gilanis on the Move”: Mapping an Inter-Asian Society of Shiʿi Muslim Naturalists
Authors: Bandy Hunter Casparian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A mobile professional and familial network of Shiʿi Muslim naturalists emerged from Kārkiyā’ī Gilan and served royal courts across much of the Persianate world during the 16th and into the 17th centuries. While its members have been known in different historiographic contexts, they have not been studied together as a unique inter-Asian society that endured according to intrinsic logics cultivated at its point of origin and numerous trans-regional homes. Mapping this network, I argue that they promoted their own kind by whetting the appetites of Persianate courts hungry for specialists to strengthen sovereignty through the universalizing power of ḥikmat, comprised of interrelated theoretical and practical sciences that the Gilanis mastered. Their endurance not only calls into question scales of analysis that amalgamate migrant networks as “Iranians,” “Persianate elites,” or “foreigners,” which overlook such ties, but it demonstrates how shared origins superseded sectarian identity in the maintenance of such networks across time and space.
Synchronic Contingency
Authors: Rouwendal Pieter L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Since the concept of synchronic contingency has received attention in historical theology in recent decades, I want to argue in this article that the concept has value for systematic theology as well. I explore the broader consistency of the concept with Reformed theology by relating it to a number of Reformed doctrines, and I check its consistency with Reformed theology by discussing the relevant criticisms and questions raised by Paul Helm.
Baptist Boys and Girls
Authors: Maxwell Melody 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper will analyze the publications for children of Woman’s Missionary Union (WMU), auxiliary to the Southern Baptist Convention, from 1953 to 1957. These include Tell, a monthly magazine for girls, and Ambassador Life, a monthly magazine for boys. The paper will argue that these magazines urged girls to develop social graces while challenging boys to physical activity. In addition, both Ambassador Life and Tell generally encouraged their readers to adopt what editors saw as gender-specific roles, positing distinctive tasks for boys (and men) and for girls (and women). Overall, these emphases reflected conservative Southern Baptist understandings of gender and helped shape the views of a generation (or more) of Southern Baptists.
Robustness of business models for insect production for feed and food in Europe
Authors: Niyonsaba H.H. , Höhler J. , Rumpold B.A. , Van der Fels-Klerx H.J. , Meuwissen M.P.M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Insects and their derivatives are increasingly recognised as a (more) sustainable and circular protein source for feed and food. The European insect industry is growing, but upscaling remains a challenge due to multiple uncertainties. This study analysed the robustness of three different business models for insect production for feed and food in six future scenarios. Business models and scenarios were identified through literature review and refined through expert elicitation (n = 5). The three business models comprised: (1) full-liner black soldier fly production for pet food, (2) decentralised black soldier fly production for aquafeed, and (3) mealworm processing cooperative for food. The six scenarios addressed uncertainties around the use of side streams, insect welfare, energy, and sustainability. We used the Business Model Stress Test in four focus groups with experts (n = 23) from six European countries. Heat maps for three distinct business models were presented, detailing the impacts of scenarios on business model components. Experts regarded full-liner black soldier fly production for pet food and mealworm processing cooperative for food as more robust than decentralised black soldier fly production for aquafeed. These differences were mainly related to the customer segments, value proposition, revenue structure, and cost structure. In full-liner black soldier fly production for pet food, stringent regulations were expected to have no negative impact on business model components, in contrast to liberal regulations with anticipated adverse effects. Examination of regulatory uncertainty indicated strict legislation’s advantageous expected impact on consumer trust in the pet food and food market. High energy prices were anticipated as a major challenge across all business models, while improved sustainability compliance was viewed positively. The classification in relatively more or less robust business models serves as a guide for business and policy in further developing the insect sector for feed and food in Europe.