bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Polish Enterprises Insolvency Processes with the Use of Gorbatov Characterization Principle - Research Results
Authors: Prokopowicz Tomasz , Krupa Tadeusz 
Published: March 2012

Modeling of Polish Enterprises Insolvency Processes with the Use of Gorbatov Characterization Principle - Research Results
Economical activities of enterprises should be based on such managerial decisions that assure quick and effective adjustment of the company to the changes that appear in the market. Enterprises, which are not able to use their opportunities and avoid threats, are bound to face the thread of insolvency. Effects of the insolvency are felt not only by the enterprise, but also by its creditors. Therefore, it is necessary to elaborate a warning system that will beforehand allow diagnosing the condition of the enterprise and setting necessary directions for the company to avoid insolvency. The article presents research results on the use of characterization theory in the creation of insolvency threat evaluation model based on Polish enterprises.
The Analysis and Synthesis of Strategic Management Research in the Third Sector from Early 2000 Through to Mid-2009
Authors: Domański Jarosław 
Published: March 2012

The Analysis and Synthesis of Strategic Management Research in the Third Sector from Early 2000 Through to Mid-2009The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contemporary literature on strategic management in non-profit organizations. The area at hand is divided into five categories: modern management and strategic management approaches/theories; analysis of the roles of externalities and internalities in the Third Sector; review of how strategic management has been applied for non-profit organizations; review of applications and enhanced identification of one or more strategies utilised by non-profit organizations; application of specific methods and tools in strategic management. Four dilemmas faced by modern management theory serve as a synthetic axis. First, how can the existing commercial management concepts and techniques be best adapted to the realities of the non-profit sector? Secondly, which of the established schools of strategic management is the most relevant one for non-profits? In fact, is it appropriate to look for a brand new school of thought? Thirdly, and this is again related to academic pursuits, what coherent theory can explain the efficiency of non-profit organizations. Fourthly, there is the dilemma what strategy to employ when faced with a choice between the willingness and the need to apply competitive strategies and the co-operative strategy in the third sector.
Directors Remuneration and Companies' Performance the Comparison of Listed Companies in Poland and UK
Authors: Herdan Agnieszka , Szczepańska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2012

Directors Remuneration and Companies' Performance the Comparison of Listed Companies in Poland and UKThis paper examines the determinants of CEO compensation. There are many factors that influence CEO compensation. For this research three factors has been selected: companies size, accounting factor and market factor. The study looks at the relationship between each of this factors and directors remuneration. Sample of companies listed on London Stock Exchange (LSE) and Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) has been investigated over the period of 2007 - 2010. Data has been collected through annual reports content analysis and announcement on websites of LSE and WSE. Linear regression has been run on collected data. Positive correlation has been found between directors' remuneration and companies' size in both British and Polish listed companies. The relationship is also positive between directors pay and companies performance. Companies' performance has been assets by return on equity ratio (ROE) and Tobin's Q. All the findings are consistent with the outcome presented within previous research by variety of scholars.
Heavyweight and Oversized Cargo Transportation Risk Management
Authors: Palšaitis Ramūnas , Petraška Artūras 
Published: March 2012

Heavyweight and Oversized Cargo Transportation Risk Management
The most important factor affecting the quality of transportation heavy goods is safety and security. Risk evaluation and management is one of the key issues during the planning oversized goods safe transportation and investments into transport infrastructure reconstruction. Usually it is international transportation and decision-making requires through analysis of the problem both, on the national and international scale and only then the most rational decision (transportation route) can be made with the view of the effective risk lowering, i.e. seeking the last possible reconstruction costs. The objective of the risk evaluation when investing into infrastructure reconstruction is to safeguard heavyweight or oversized goods transportation. When making the quantitative and economic assessment of the risk the theory of chances and mathematic statistics are most commonly used methods, because they are denoted to describe an event or process in case of ambiguous possibilities.
Effect of laser priming on canola yield and its components under salt stress
Authors: Mohammadi S. , Shekari F. , Fotovat R. , Darudi A. 
Published: March 2012

Effect of laser priming on canola yield and its components under salt stressThe effect of laser priming at different irradiation times on canola yield and its components under saline conditions were investigated. The results showed that laser priming had a positive effect on yield and its components and caused yield increase under saline conditions. Increase in salt levels had a negative and significant effect on seed yield, number of seeds per pod, number of pod per plant, pod length and plant height. The results showed that 45-min laser priming had the strongest effect on yield and yield components and reduced significantly the adverse effects of salinity. By contrast, laser radiation applied for 60 and 75 min, resulted in a dramatic decrease in yield and its components. Correlation coefficients between the attributes showed that canola yield had a positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of seeds, pod per main branch and lateral branches, length of pod and number of lateral branches. Effects of laser and salinity were significant on lateral branch pod length but not on main branch pods.
Effect of water regimes on sorptivity and organic matter humic components of soil
Authors: Raut S. , Sahoo N. , Chakraborty H. 
Published: March 2012

Effect of water regimes on sorptivity and organic matter humic components of soilThe aim of the study was to find the effect of water regimes on soil sorptivity and humic components of organic matter. Physicochemical parameters were also determined. Steady state cumulative infiltration was the highest (60-100 mm) in non-irrigated upland soil and the lowest (8-10 mm) in waterlogged soil. The highest sorptivity of 4.0-4.5 mm min-1/2was found in non-irrigated upland soil and the lowest in seasonally waterlogged soil (1.0-1.5 mm min-1/2). Organic carbon content of all soils was low (<1%), EC values were also low (< 4 dS m-1). Saturated moisture was high in waterlogged soil. The non-irrigated upland soils had a higher fraction of fulvic acid (0.15-0.2%), due to which they were more capable of infiltration, whereas waterlogged soils had a greater fraction of insoluble humic acid (0.29-0.35%) and exhibited less cumulative infiltration. Sorptivity decreased as the clay content, pH, EC, porosity and humic acid content of the soil increased.
Physical properties of psyllium seed
Authors: Ahmadi R. , Kalbasi-Ashtari A. , Gharibzahedi S. 
Published: March 2012

Physical properties of psyllium seed
Physical properties ie dimensions, volume, surface area, sphericity, true density, porosity, angle of repose, terminal velocity, static and dynamic friction coefficients on plywood, stainless steel, glass and galvanized iron sheet, force required for initiating seed rupture in horizontal and vertical orientations of psyllium seed at a moisture content of 7.2% (w.b.)were determined.
Physical properties of wild mango fruit and nut
Authors: Ehiem J. , Simonyan K. 
Published: March 2012

Physical properties of wild mango fruit and nutPhysical properties of two wild mango varieties were studied at 81.9 and 24.5% moisture (w.b.) for the fruits and nuts, respectively. The shape and size of the fruit are the same while that of nuts differs atP= 0.05. The mass, density and bulk density of the fruits are statistically different atP= 0.05 but the volume is the same. The shape and size, volume and bulk density of the nuts are statistically the same atP= 0.05. The nuts of both varieties are also the same atP= 0.05 in terms of mass and density. The packing factor for both fruits and nut of the two varieties are the same at 0.95. The relevant data obtained for the two varieties would be useful for design and development of machines and equipment for processing and handling operations.
Variation among individuals in cone production inPinus palustris(Pinaceae)
Authors: Haymes Kelly L. , Fox Gordon A. 
Published: March 2012

•Premise of the study:Reproductive output varies considerably among individuals within plant populations, and this is especially so in cone production of conifers. While this variation can have substantial effects on populations, little is known about its magnitude or causes.•Methods:We studied variation in cone production for 2 years within a population ofPinus palustrisMill. (longleaf pine; Pinaceae). Using hurdle models, we evaluated the importance of burn treatments, tree size (dbh), canopy status (open, dominant, subordinate), and number of conspecific neighbors within 4 m (N4).•Key results:Cone production of individuals—even after accounting for other variables—was strongly correlated between years. Trees in plots burned every 1, 2, or 5 years produced more cones than those burned every 7 years, or unburned. Larger trees tend to produce more cones, but the large effects of the other factors studied caused substantial scatter in the dbh‐cone number relationship. Among trees in the open, dbh had little explanatory power. Subordinate trees with three neighbors produced no cones.•Conclusions:Tree size alone was a weak predictor of cone production. Interactions with neighbors play an important role in generating reproductive heterogeneity, and must be accounted for when relating cone production to size. The strong between‐year correlation, together with the large variance in cone production among trees without neighbors, suggests that still more of the variance may be explainable, but requires factors outside of our study.
Polyploidy associated with altered and broader ecological niches in the Claytonia perfoliata (Portulacaceae) species complex
Authors: McIntyre Patrick J. 
Published: March 2012

• Premise of the study: Polyploids are often hypothesized to have distinct and broader niches than their diploid progenitors. Differences in geographic distributions between diploid and polyploids are frequently used to infer niche differentiation and increased breadth, but they are seldom used to test these hypotheses explicitly.• Methods: Niche overlap and breadth were compared for diploids, tetraploids, and hexaploids of three taxa in the Claytonia perfoliata complex (C. parviflora, C. perfoliata, and C. rubra) with the use of species distribution models. Resampling and randomization approaches were used to test hypotheses of niche differentiation, breadth, and conservatism.• Key results: Niche differentiation was detected between polyploid and diploid cytotypes assigned to the same taxon (e.g., C. parviflora 2× vs. 4×) but not between hexaploids and tetraploids within a taxon (e.g., C. parviflora 4× vs. 6×). Individual hexaploid cytotypes had broader ecological niches than individual diploid cytotypes. However, as a group the three hexaploid taxa did not exceed the combined niche breadth of the three diploids, suggesting that polyploidy does not result in transgressive niche breadth for this group. Niche overlap was lowest among diploids and was highest among the three hexaploid cytotypes, consistent with introgression associated with polyploidy resulting in greater ecological similarity. Although cytotypes possessed nonidentical niches, after accounting for environmental differences among ranges, cytotypes were more similar than expected, suggesting niche conservatism and similar responses to environmental characteristics.• Conclusions: These results suggest that polyploids occupy distinct and broader niches relative to diploids but that cytotypes also share fundamentally similar responses to environmental variation across ploidy levels.
Kinetic Characterization of Newly Discovered Inhibitors of Various Constructs of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus-1 (HTLV-1) Protease and Their Effect on HTLV-1-Infected Cells
Authors: Demir Ahu , Oguariri Raphael M , Magis Andrew , Ostrov David A , Imamichi Tomozumi , Dunn Ben M 
Published: March 2012

Background Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) was the first identified human retrovirus and was shown to be associated with diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Retroviral proteases (PRs) are essential for viral replication by processing viral Gag and Gag-(Pro)-Pol polyproteins during maturation. Full-length HTLV-1 PR is 125 residues long; whether the C-terminal region is required for catalytic activity is still controversial. In this study, we characterized the effect of C-terminal amino acids of HTLV-1 PR for PR activity and examined the binding of compounds identified by in silico screening. One compound showed inhibition against the virus in infected cells. Methods Truncated (116-, 121- and 122-residue) forms of HTLV-1 PR were prepared and proteins from expression of the genes were purified. In silico screening was performed by docking small molecules into the active site of HTLV-1 PR. The kinetic constants k cat, K m, k cat/ K m and inhibition constants K i for inhibitors identified by the computational screening were determined. Western blot and ELISA analyses were used to determine the effect of the most potent PR inhibitors on HTLV-1 protein processing in infected cells. Results The constructs showed similar catalytic efficiency constants ( k cat/ K m); thus HTLV-1 PR C-terminal amino acids are not essential for full activity. Computational screening revealed new PR inhibitors and some were shown to be inhibitory in enzyme assays. In HTLV-1-infected cells, one of the small molecules inhibited HTLV-1 gag cleavage and decreased the amount of HTLV-1 p19 produced in the cells. Conclusions We have identified an HTLV-1 PR inhibitor that is biologically functional. Inhibitor screening will continue to develop possible drugs for therapy of HTLV-1 infection.
An Investigation of an RFID-based Patient-Tracking and Mobile Alert System
Authors: Yeung C.L. , Kwok S.K. , Mui H.C. 
Published: March 2012

In the modern era, patient health is no longer the only concern for hospitals. Hospitals have to bear the responsibility of the patient safety and the patient comfort. However, due to the overcrowded and understaffed clinical areas with complex workflow patterns, there are different forms of medical care errors arisen in the healthcare system. According to recent statistic from World Health Organization, ten of milions of patient around the world are injured or dead every yearas a result of incorrect medical care. Rroughly 10% patients admitted to hospital in developed countries suffered some forms of medical care errors or medical adverse events. It is about 1.4 million of world population. In order to enhance the patient safety and patient comfort in the current medical service system, an RFID-based Patient Tracking and Mobile Alert System integrated with information communications technology was designed and developed. Apart from identifying different patient's whereabouts, instant alerts are generated through mobile devices so as to enhance patients' safety and comfort. With a view of investigating the feasibility of RFID and mobile technology in the healthcare environment, a pilot study was conducted in Mindset Club in the Castle Peak Hospital in Hong Kong.
Building Distributed E-Healthcare for Elderly Using RFID and Multi-Agent
Authors: Su Chuan-Jun , Shih Stephen Chingyu 
Published: March 2012

With the advancement of living standards and healthcare systems, there have been significant improvements in life preservation worldwide over this century which are reflected in prolonged life expectancy and are enlarging the aging population. In the foreseeable future, the home care environment is recognized as the first line of defense for health and medical care via proper implementation of state-of-the-art information technologies. For instance, in the home care environment, the tracking of physiological information not only circumvents the high-cost medical manpower and resources, but the signs of abnormal health can also be detected further by long-term and sustaining health records. In this paper the development of an intelligent home healthcare system based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and the mobile agent technologies is described. The system enables the RFID home care service and physiological assessment based on the concept of Location-based Service (LBS). Additionally, by coupling the technologies of dynamic detection and motion detection, a home care system for real-time safety has been designed to prevent the elderly from accidental falling.
Solving Complex Logistics Problems with Multi-Artificial Intelligent System
Authors: Tse Y.K. , Chan T.M. , Lie R.H. 
Published: March 2012

The economy, which has become more information intensive, more global and more technologically dependent, is undergoing dramatic changes. The role of logistics is also becoming more and more important. In logistics, the objective of service providers is to fulfill all customers' demands while adapting to the dynamic changes of logistics networks so as to achieve a higher degree of customer satisfaction and therefore a higher return on investment. In order to provide high quality service, knowledge and information sharing among departments becomes a must in this fast changing market environment. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have achieved significant attention for enhancing the agility of supply chain management, as well as logistics operations. In this research, a multi-artificial intelligence system, named Integrated Intelligent Logistics System (IILS) is proposed. The objective of IILS is to provide quality logistics solutions to achieve high levels of service performance in the logistics industry. The new feature of this agile intelligence system is characterized by the incorporation of intelligence modules through the capabilities of the case-based reasoning, multi-agent, fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks, achieving the optimization of the performance of organizations.
Boron in Radical Chemistry
Authors: Renaud Philippe 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This article focuses on the main synthetic applications of boron derivatives in radical‐mediated reactions. Organoboranes represent a unique source of alkyl radicals that are commonly used for radical initiation, for stoichiometric generation of radicals, and as a reagent to sustain radical chain processes. The use of boron derivatives in reductive processes has exploded during the last years. This chemistry takes advantage of the Lewis acidic character of boron derivatives and its unique reactivity toward heteroatom‐centered radicals. Finally, boron‐containing moieties represent useful functional groups that activate radicals and radical traps and offer opportunities for further elaboration of complex molecular architectures.
Organic Synthesis Using Samarium Diiodide
Authors: Coote Susannah C. , Flowers Robert A. , Skrydstrup Troels , Procter David J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Samarium diiodide (SmI
2
)
is a one‐electron reducing agent that is employed extensively in organic synthesis to bring about a wide variety of transformations. Its ability to mediate both radical and anionic processes as well as cascade reactions involving both types of reactivity is central to its status as one of the most versatile reducing agents available to the organic chemist. This article reviews the use of SmI
2
in organic chemistry, including the preparation of the reagent, the influence of additives, and mechanistic considerations. A discussion of the varied functional group transformations effected by SmI
2
is supplemented by examples chosen from the literature to highlight synthetically valuable processes and emphasize the scope of the reagent. Finally, a wide range of carbon–carbon bond‐forming processes mediated by SmI
2
is presented, including pinacol couplings, carbonyl–alkene couplings, radical alkene–alkyne additions, Barbier and Grignard reactions, Reformatsky and aldol‐type reactions, as well as sequential carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions.
Transition Metals and Radicals
Authors: Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Transition‐metal‐controlled radical reactions have provided unprecedented transformations that the standard free‐radical technology and the conventional transition‐metal catalysis could not realize. Cross‐coupling reactions of alkyl halides and Mizoroki‐Heck‐type alkylation of styrenes are representative. Such catalytic reactions utilize oxidative addition that instead of, which proceeds by radical processes.
Silicon Radical Surface Chemistry
Authors: Rijksen Bart , Caipa Campos Mabel A. , Paulusse Jos M. J. , Zuilhof Han 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOver the past two decades, covalently attached self‐assembled organic monolayers on silicon (Si) surfaces have gained much interest, because of their potential use in electronic devices. The formation of these layers is commonly accepted to proceed mainly via a radical chain mechanism at the Si surface. This article deals with relevant issues regarding the preparation and the functionalization of such monolayers on Si, with emphasis on the involved radical chemistry. The attachment modes of olefins, and mechanisms thereof, depend largely on the surface geometry. Section 1 deals with the different surface geometries and the required surface pretreatment prior to monolayer formation (etching steps). Monolayer formation finds itself in competition with oxidation of the surface. Both the oxidation and monolayer attachment are described by surface radical chain reactions. The hydrosilylation reaction at the surface is explained in detail in Section 2. Surface radicals were typically initiated by direct cleavage of the Si‐H bonds at the Si surface (at high temperatures or under UV irradiation). However, as reaction conditions have become milder, the radical mechanism has also been shown to be in effect under mild initiation conditions that do not allow direct cleavage of Si‐H bonds. Several mechanisms are discussed in Section 3, which range from initiation by adventitious oxygen and reactive species to exciton‐mediated mechanisms. To support these theories, many theoretical and experimental modeling studies are reported in the literature. Those relevant to the initiation routes presented here are discussed in detail in Section 4. Monolayers on Si form an ideal scaffold for further surface functionalization and patterning. Section 5 gives an overview of the recent progress that has been made in expanding the versatility of ω‐functionalizations (mostly after 2005). Finally, Section 6 presents perspectives for further research and new applications.