bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urotensin II and its receptor in the killifish gill: regulators of NaCl extrusion
Authors: Evans David H. , Hyndman Kelly A. , Cornwell Emily , Buchanan Patrick 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARY
The peptide urotensin II (UII) and its receptor (UT) mediate cardiovascular and renal effects in both mammals and fishes. In both groups, vasopressor and diuretic responses predominate, although, in mammals, some secondary vasodilatation is found, mediated by secondary release of nitric oxide or prostacyclin. In fishes, gill extrusion of NaCl is inhibited by UII, but a single study has determined that UT is expressed in gill vasculature, not on the epithelium that mediates the transport. To begin to clarify the pathways involved in UII inhibition of gill transport, we have cloned the cDNA encoding UII and UT from the euryhaline killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus L.) gill and spinal cord, quantified UT mRNA expression in various tissues and measured relative expression in gill tissue from fish acclimated to seawater (SW) vs fresh water (FW). We have also localized UT in the gill epithelium, and measured the effect of UII on ion transport across the opercular epithelium. We found that both UII and UT are synthesized in the gill of F. heteroclitus and that gill UT mRNA levels are ∼80% higher in SW- vs FW-acclimated individuals. In addition, UII inhibits NaCl transport across the opercular epithelium in a concentration-dependent manner, and this inhibition is at least partially mediated by both nitric oxide and a prostanoid.
Generation of Brønsted Acid Sites on Alumina-supported Tantalum(V) Oxide Calcined at 1223 K
Authors: Kitano Tomoyuki , Okazaki Shota , Shishido Tetsuya , Teramura Kentaro , Tanaka Tsunehiro 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
An alumina-supported tantalum(V) oxide (Ta2O5/Al2O3) calcined at 1223 K promoted the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of anisole with benzyl alcohol, and exhibited Brønsted acidity despite the high-temperature calcination. Among the Ta2O5/Al2O3 catalysts tested, 33 wt % Ta2O5/Al2O3 calcined at 1223 K showed the highest activity.
Main bronchial diverticula in the subcarinal region: Their relation to airflow limitations
Authors: Higuchi Takeshi , Takahashi Naoya , Shiotani Motoi , Sato Suguru , Ohta Atsushi , Maeda Haruo , Nakajima Haruhiko , Itoh Kazuhiko , Tsukada Hiroki 
Published: November 2011

Background To date, bronchial diverticula have generally been treated as a pathological condition associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although only a limited amount of published information is available on the relationship between bronchial diverticula as depicted by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and airflow limitations. Purpose To evaluate the relationship between airflow limitations and main bronchial diverticula in the subcarinal region using spirometry and thin-section MDCT. Material and Methods A total of 189 consecutive adult patients were retrospectively evaluated based on spirometry and thin-section MDCT of the chest. All examinations were performed at our institution between June and October 2008. The study group included 70 women and 119 men with a mean age of 65 years (range 19–86 years). The relationship between the FEV1% and bronchial diverticula in the subcarinal region was analyzed (Student's t-test). Results The indications for conducting the examinations were pulmonary diseases (82 patients), cardiovascular diseases (22), extrapulmonary malignancies (74), and other conditions (11). A total of 84/189 (44.4%) patients showed bronchial diverticula, and the FEV1% of 70/84 (83.3%) patients was above 70. The FEV1% of patients with lesions ranged from 26.0 to 97.8 (mean 76.8), whereas the range was 28.1–94.4 (mean 73.7) in those without lesions. There was no significant association between the FEV1% and the presence of subcarinal bronchial diverticula ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Our data demonstrate that thin-section chest CT commonly demonstrates main bronchial diverticula in the subcarinal region in patients without airflow limitations. We propose that the presence of a small number of tiny bronchial diverticula under the carina may not be a criterion for the diagnosis of COPD.
Fidaxomicin
Authors: Dennis J. Cada , Terri L. Levien , Danial E. Baker 
Published: November 2011

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800–322–4349. The November 2011 monograph topics are on indacaterol, brentuximub vedotin, icatibant injection, aflibercept, and centruroides (Scorpion) immune F(ab′)2. The DUE/MUE is on indacaterol.
Conceptual Environmental Justice Model for Evaluating Chemical Pathways of Exposure in Low-Income, Minority, Native American, and Other Unique Exposure Populations
Authors: Burger Joanna , Gochfeld Michael 
Published: November 2011

Risk assessment determines pathways, and exposures that lead to poor health. For exposures that fall disproportionately on urban low-income communities, minorities, and Native Americans, these pathways are often more common than in the general population. Although risk assessors often evaluate these pathways on an ad hoc basis, a more formal way of addressing these nonstandard pathways is needed to adequately inform public health policy. A conceptual model is presented for evaluating nonstandard, unique, or excessive exposures, particularly for environmental justice communities that have an exposure matrix of inhalation, dermal, ingestion, and injection. Risk assessment can be improved by including nonstandard and unique exposure pathways as described in this conceptual model.
Time dependent magnetically induced variations in optical transmission of magnetite nanoparticle aqueous suspension
Authors: Malynych Serhiy , Moroz Iryna 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We observe time dependent variations in the light intensity transmitted through an aqueous suspension of Fe3O4 nanoparticles caused by applied DC magnetic field. Two types of variations can be distinguished. Fast response takes less than 1ms while slow variations occur at the time interval fromseconds to hundreds of minutes. Possible mechanisms of these variations are discussed. Formation of chain-like structures consisted from iron oxide nanoparticles is responsible for the slow variations. It is also accompanied by a diffraction pattern when the magnetic field is orthogonal to the light beam. Fast variations are due to particle rotation and reorientation of the magnetic moment inside a nanoparticle.
On auto-calibration algorithms for a forest growth simulation model
Authors: Jia Man , Tian Shiying , Zheng Gaolin 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Forest growth simulation models are useful in evaluating the effects of management practices and climate changes in terrestrial ecosystems, however their successful application requires accurate calibration of model parameters. We have implemented here a stepwise line search (SLS), Gibbs sampling (GS) and preclustering based strength Pareto algorithm (K-SPEA2) to find an optimal set of parameters.
Combined Chemical-Biological Treatment of Effluents from Soil Remediation Processes by Surfactants Solutions Flushing
Authors: Hallmann Elżbieta , Tomczak-Wandzel Renata , Mędrzycka Krystyna 
Published: November 2011

Combined Chemical-Biological Treatment of Effluents from Soil Remediation Processes by Surfactants Solutions Flushing
In recent years combined chemical-biological wastewater treatment processes have received increasing interest. In the present study wastewater from soil remediation processes were treated by means of 1-step processes like Fenton, aerobic degradation and 2-steps combined method. The effluents resulting from soil remediation processes consist of high surfactant concentration solutions, mobilized oils and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions. The effectiveness of wastewater treatment was evaluated by COD reduction and surfactant removal. The application of Fenton process alone showed around 80% of COD and surfactant removal, and in case of aerobic process only 60% of COD and 50% of surfactant removal was accomplished. However, the maximum COD reduction and surfactant removal from wastewater samples, above 90%, was obtained in aerobic degradation with Fenton process as pretreatment. Thus, the Fenton process could be effectively applied as a pretreatment step to improve the reduction of both COD and surfactant from wastewater resulting from soil remediation.
Galvanic Wastewater Treatment by Means of Anionic Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration
Authors: Korus Irena 
Published: November 2011

Galvanic Wastewater Treatment by Means of Anionic Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration
This work is focused on polyelectrolyte enhanced ultrafiltration as an effective heavy metal separation technique. Three types of effluents, containing Zn(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions, were subjected to the separation process. Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) - PSSS, a water soluble anionic polyelectrolyte was used as a metal binding agent. Two Sepa® CF (Osmonics) membranes: EW, made of polysulfone and a modified polyacrylonitrile membrane MW, were used in the ultrafiltration process. The preliminary UF tests were carried out on model solutions with target metal ion concentrations of 10, 100 and 250 mg dm-3. The main parameters affecting the metal retention (the polyelectrolyte quantity and solution pH) were examined. The values of pH 6 and polymer : metal concentration ratio CPSSS : CM = 7.5 : 1 (mol of mer unit per mol of metal) were selected to perform the galvanic wastewater ultrafiltration-concentration tests. Three types of wastewater containing Zn(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions within the concentration range of 30÷70 mg dm-3 were used in the investigations. Very high metal retention coefficients, up to > 99%, were achieved. The retentates obtained were subjected to the decomplexation-ultrafiltration (pH = 1) and subsequent diafiltration step, which enabled partial recovery of concentrated metal ions and the polyelectrolyte. The recovered polyelectrolyte was reused toward Ni(II) ions and the high effectiveness of metal separation has been achieved.
Wet Oxidation of Dairy Sewage
Authors: Piotrowska Klara , Imbierowicz Mirosław , Chacuk Andrzej 
Published: November 2011

Wet Oxidation of Dairy Sewage
Results of kinetic studies on the process of wet oxidation of dairy sewage are presented. Experiments were carried out in a stirred batch tank reactor at the oxygen partial pressure equal to 1 MPa and at temperature ranging from 473 to 523 K. Dairy sewage was subjected to oxidation at a natural pH close to 4. The efficiency of decomposition of organic compounds was estimated on the basis of TOC measurement. The highest TOC reduction rate reached 79.6%. A kinetic model of the process was proposed and its parameters were determined experimentally. Good agreement of the experimental and calculated results was obtained.
Blood Flow Redistribution and Ventilation‐Perfusion Mismatch During Embolic Pulmonary Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Burrowes K. S. , Clark A. R. , Tawhai M. H. 
Published: November 2011

Acute pulmonary embolism causes redistribution of blood in the lung, which impairs ventilation/perfusion matching and gas exchange and can elevate pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) by increasing pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). An anatomically‐based multi‐scale model of the human pulmonary circulation was used to simulate pre‐ and post‐occlusion flow, to study blood flow redistribution in the presence of an embolus, and to evaluate whether reduction in perfused vascular bed is sufficient to increase PAP to hypertensive levels, or whether other vasoconstrictive mechanisms are necessary. A model of oxygen transfer from air to blood was included to assess the impact of vascular occlusion on oxygen exchange. Emboli of 5, 7, and 10 mm radius were introduced to occlude increasing proportions of the vasculature. Blood flow redistribution was calculated after arterial occlusion, giving predictions of PAP, PVR, flow redistribution, and micro‐circulatory flow dynamics. Because of the large flow reserve capacity (via both capillary recruitment and distension), approximately 55% of the vasculature was occluded before PAP reached clinically significant levels indicative of hypertension. In contrast, model predictions showed that even relatively low levels of occlusion could cause localized oxygen deficit. Flow preferentially redistributed to gravitationally non‐dependent regions regardless of occlusion location, due to the greater potential for capillary recruitment in this region. Red blood cell transit times decreased below the minimum time for oxygen saturation (<0.25 s) and capillary pressures became high enough to initiate cell damage (which may result in edema) only after ~80% of the lung was occluded.
Endoscopic Treatment with Wallgraft Stenting of Complete Iatrogenic Iliac Ureteral Injury in a High-Risk Surgical Patient
Authors: Bonamini Alberto , Ninotta Gaetano , Gallo Fabrizio , Gastaldi Emilio , Schenone Maurizio , Giberti Claudio , Barile Antonio 
Published: November 2011

Background Injury of the ureter is a potential complication of any difficult abdominopelvic surgical procedure, with an incidence ranging between 0.5% and 10% in most series. The treatment depends on the severity and the place of the lesion. The severe mid and upper ureteral injuries usually require complex treatment procedures, which can be contraindicated in case of severe comorbidities with high anesthesiologic risk. We report our experience in the endoscopic treatment with Wallgraft stenting of complete iatrogenic iliac ureteral injury in a high-risk surgical patient. Methods A 74-year-old female patient was admitted at our department due to a complete lesion of the right iliac ureter following right iliac artery aneurysm repair with iatrogenic ileal injury. The patient was in coma, affected by severe respiratory insufficiency, sepsis and uroperitoneum. These conditions contraindicated a general anesthesia encumbering the positioning of a nephrostomy, and influenced our indication of Wallgraft stent placement. The Wallgraft endoprosthesis (10 x 50 mm) is a self-expanding super-alloy metallic high flexible stent covered by PET, which can be placed at the level of the lesion using fluoroscopy after introducing an angiographic catheter and guidewire. This procedure is usually indicated in the treatment of vascular lesions. Results After positioning the Wallgraft stent, pyelography showed a complete closure of the lesion. The patient's clinical condition improved quickly and remained stable at a follow-up of 45 months. Conclusions Although the Wallgraft stent positioning cannot be considered as a standard treatment for all the complete ureteral lesions, it can be proposed in the management of some patients with severe comorbidities, which do not allow any other approach.
Conflict Resolution, Sociopsychological Barriers to
Authors: Bar‐Tal Daniel , Halperin Eran 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The intergroup conflicts that rage in different parts of the world over territories, natural resources, power, economic wealth, self‐determination, and/or basic values are real. They center on disagreements which focus on contradictory goals and interests in different domains and there is no doubt that these real issues have to be addressed in conflict resolution. However, it is well known that the disagreements could potentially be resolved if not for the various powerful forces which fuel and maintain the conflicts. These forces, which underlie the disagreements, are the barriers that inhibit and impede progress towards peaceful settlement of conflict. The psychological barriers stand as major obstacles to begin negotiation, to carry the negotiation, to achieve an agreement, and later to engage in a process of reconciliation. These barriers are found among the leaders, as well as among society members involved in intergroup conflict. In practice, when promising opportunities to resolve a conflict occur, or when positive information about the adversary is available, the psychological barriers inhibit progress towards peace by creating biased and distorted information processing of these important pieces of information.
Use of Angio‐Seal Closure Device When the Arteriotomy Is Above or Below the Common Femoral Artery
Authors: Bose Rahul , Schussler Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:The majority of vascular complications during diagnostic coronary angiography occur while accessing the femoral artery. Angio‐Seal vascular closure devices are indicated for closure of arteriotomies of the femoral artery, but not when the puncture site is above or below the femoral artery.Hypothesis:Under certain circumstances, use of the Angio‐Seal closure device above or below the common femoral artery may be safe and effective.Methods:Consecutive patients at a single high‐volume medical center having documented high or low arteriotomies were closed using an Angio‐Seal closure device. Patients were chosen when they received a single arterial puncture, the arteriotomy was away from branch vessels, and the diameter of the artery at the site of sheath entry was of large enough caliber to suggest placement would be successful. Patients were then followed longitudinally for complications.Results:Sixty‐two patients had non–femoral artery sheath placement. Twenty‐two patients had “high” puncture sites, and 40 patients had “low” puncture sites. All were successfully closed using the Angio‐Seal vascular closure device and had no complications.Conclusions:Although not approved for placement in areas above or below the femoral artery, off‐label use of the Angio‐Seal arteriotomy closure may be safely performed when patient characteristics are favorable. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose. Neither author has a conflict of interest with St. Jude Medical or with the Angio‐Seal device.
Intravascular Ultrasound‐Guided Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation in Patients With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Youn Young Jin , Yoon Junghan , Lee Jun‐Won , Ahn Sung‐Gyun , Ahn Min‐Soo , Kim Jang‐Young , Yoo Byung‐Soo , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Choe Kyung‐Hoon 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Studies investigating the clinical outcome of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)‐guided primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) show conflicting results. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether IVUS‐guidedPPCI with drug‐eluting stents (DESs) in STEMI patients improves clinical outcome.Hypothesis:IVUS‐guided PPCI is superior to angio‐guided PPCI.Methods:Three hundred forty‐one patients who underwent PPCI for STEMI and survived the hospitalization were enrolled in this study. Two hundred sixteen (63.3%) patients were treated with angio‐guided PPCI and 125 (36.7%) patients were treated with IVUS‐guided PPCI. The primary endpoint was defined as the composite of death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and target lesion revascularization at the 3‐year follow‐up visit.Results:Male gender, dyslipidemia, and smoking were frequent in the IVUS‐guided PPCI group. These patients had a higher rate of radial approach, adjunctive ballooning, thrombectomy, and the use of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. The number and length of implanted stents were higher in the IVUS‐guided PPCI group. The primary end point (18.1% vs 12.8%, P = 0.22) and stent thrombosis (2.8% vs 2.4%, P = 1.00) was not different between the groups.Conclusions:In our observational study, IVUS‐guided PPCI with DESs in patients with STEMI did not improve clinical outcome or stent thrombosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Pharmacologic Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboembolism and 30‐Day Outcomes Among Older Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: An Analysis From the ADHERE National Registry Linked to Medicare Claims
Authors: Kociol Robb D. , Hammill Bradley G. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Klaskala Winslow , Mills Roger M. , Curtis Lesley H. , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Hospitalized medically ill patients are at greater risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Although pharmacologic prophylaxis regimens have reduced VTE risk in medically ill patients, associations with early postdischarge adverse clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure are unknown.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that patients receiving pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis during hospitalization for heart failure would have lower rates of postdischarge adverse clinical outcomes than patients not receiving prophylaxis.Methods:Using data from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHERE) registry linked to Medicare claims, we estimated 30‐day postdischarge outcome rates for patients who received in‐hospital subcutaneous heparin compared with patients who did not receive in‐hospital VTE prophylaxis. We excluded patients who received warfarin or intravenous heparin. Outcomes included mortality, thromboembolic events, major adverse cardiovascular events, and all‐cause readmission. We used propensity‐score methods to estimate associations between VTE prophylaxis and each outcome. In a secondary analysis, we compared outcomes of patients receiving pharmacologic prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin (UFH) vs low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH).Results:Of 36 799 eligible patients in 265 hospitals, 12 169 (33%) received pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis during the hospitalization. In unadjusted analysis and after weighting by the inverse probability of treatment, VTE prophylaxis was not associated with 30‐day postdischarge mortality, thromboembolic events, major adverse cardiovascular events, or all‐cause readmission. There were no differences in outcomes between patients receiving UFH and those receiving LMWH.Conclusions:Pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis is provided to one‐third of older patients hospitalized with heart failure. Treatment with LMWH or UFH did not have a statistically significant association with 30‐day postdischarge outcomes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study was supported by a research agreement between Duke University and Johnson & Johnson. Drs Klaskala and Mills are employees of Janssen Scientific Affairs and are shareholders of Johnson & Johnson.