bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices regarding Pain Assessment among Nurses Working at Public-Sector Pediatric Oncology Units in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Bashir Ahmed , Farooq Wasfa , Masood Malick Muhammed Sabih , Raza Muhammad Rafie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Pain in pediatric oncology patients is often undertreated due to a lack of timely assessment and inefficient communication between health care workers. Improper pain assessment is a leading cause of poorly managed pain in children. In high-income countries, pediatric oncology nurses play a key role in developmentally appropriate pain assessment measures to identify potential management strategies. However, nurses in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a deficit of knowledge about pain assessment tools and management. Owing to differences in availability of resources, a disparity exists between health-related quality of life of cancer patients treated at public- and private-sector hospitals in Pakistan.
Methodology The Indus Hospital and Health Network partnered with nine public-sector hospitals nationwide to improve pediatric oncology practices. Supported by the My Child Matters grant, training sessions were conducted for nurses at each public-sector pediatric oncology unit (POU) from March to December 2021. Pain assessment tools were provided. To assess retention and implementation of practices, a knowledge, attitudes, and practices questionnaire was distributed online to nurses at each POU. All responses remained anonymous.
Results Fifty-four responses were recorded, 85% were female and most were between 26 and 30 years of age. Most of the participants held a diploma in nursing and were designated charge nurses with more than 6 years of experience. Forty nurses reported routinely assessing pain; the most common reason for not doing so was increased workload. Correlations were observed between routinely performing pain assessment and the number of patients per nurse, availability of formal credentialing or certifications at the institution and routinely performing pain assessment, availability of trainings focused on pain assessment and routinely performing pain assessment, and qualification of nurses and knowledge of nonpharmacological pain assessment methods.
Conclusion Strategies to improve pain assessment knowledge and practices among pediatric oncology nurses in LMICs must be developed to improve patient care and clinical outcomes.
47.1.9 Alkene Hydrovinylation, Hydroalkenylation, and Cycloisomerization
Authors: Ho C.-Y. , Raja D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review on homogeneous C-C bond-forming reactions to form alkenes focuses on hydrovinylation, hydroalkenylation, and cycloisomerization, and covers the literature published from ca. 1990 to early 2020. The account is arranged by reaction type, and then further categorized according to the alkene donors and alkene acceptors employed. This chapter highlights the potential of using well-controlled insertion catalysts in the green and catalytic synthesis of higher substituted alkenes. The methods described avoid the stoichiometric use of alkenyl halides and metallic reagents and serve as essential alternatives to those based on Heck reactions and related approaches.
Seeing disasters through the eyes of children: a critical reading of One Snowy Night and The Storm in the Barn through the lens of critical disaster studies
Authors: Bayoumy Heidi Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDisasters are life-changing events that children find frightening and unfathomable. Seen through the eyes of children, disasters are always enigmatic, thus stirring questions, such as what are they? What causes them? And how can they be confronted? Environmental works for children often feature disasters to help children understand the threats that their world is subjected to. Disasters are thus used as symbols through which writers can deliver moral and ecological lessons to the young audience/reader. In this comparative study, the representation of disasters will be examined in two environmental plays for children in which natural and environmental disasters impact the lives of the young protagonists:One Snowy Night(2007) andThe Storm in the Barn(2012). The plays have been selected because, firstly, they have not been critically dealt with, to the best of my knowledge, and, secondly, they shed light on the immense impact of disasters on children. Through the element of fantasy, the disasters are personified to help children understand the symbiotic relation between humans and nature. By giving voice to the personified representations of disasters, children understand the environmental role humans can play: either mitigating or increasing the effects of disasters. Both works thus highlight how disasters are viewed in the eyes of children and how they impact their outlook of life and the environment (whether their hometowns or the natural world). Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the portrayal of natural and environmental disasters through the lens of critical disaster studies shedding light on its key concepts and terms that are reflected in the plays.
Repetitive high-power discharge operation of a micro-laser triggered gas switch
Authors: Pouncey J. Cameron , Lehr Jane M. 
Published: June 2024

A low-energy, diode-pumped, solid-state passively Q-switched laser operating at a wavelength of 1535 nm has been demonstrated to trigger gas switches. This technology has the potential to bring significant improvements to the operation and reliability of compact pulsed power drivers. Compact pulsed power drivers are often required to operate for hundreds to thousands of shots without maintenance; thus, the reliable operation of the laser triggered switch is significant for the adoption of this technology. A primary limiter of spark gap lifetime is electrode erosion. In the case of a laser triggered switch where the laser is focused on one electrode, an additional source of erosion is the direct ablation of the electrode material by the laser. The micro-laser used in the previous experiments is very low energy, but over thousands of shots, it does damage directly to the target electrode. This damage could potentially interact with the erosion due to the current discharge and impact the operation of the switch. The focus of this paper is to describe experiments undertaken to assess this damage and quantify its effect on switch operation over many discharges at current and energy levels relevant to compact pulsed power systems.
Infrared spectroscopy of isomers of C3H4+ in superfluid helium droplets
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Feinberg Alexandra J. , Moon Cheol Joo , Erukala Swetha , Kumar Piyush , Choi Myong Yong , Venkataramani Sugumar , Vilesov Andrey F. 
Published: June 2024

Superfluid helium nanodroplets are unique nanomatrices for the isolation and study of transient molecular species, such as radicals, carbenes, and ions. In this work, isomers of C3H4+ were produced upon electron ionization of propyne and allene molecules and interrogated via infrared spectroscopy inside He nanodroplet matrices. It was found that the spectrum of C3H4+ has at least three distinct groups of bands. The relative intensities of the bands depend on the precursor employed and its pickup pressure, which indicates the presence of at least three different isomers. Two isomers were identified as allene and propyne radical cations. The third isomer, which has several new bands in the range of 3100–3200 cm−1, may be the elusive vinylmethylene H2C=CH–CH+ radical cation. The observed bands for the allene and propyne cations are in good agreement with the results of density functional theory calculations. However, there is only moderate agreement between the new bands and the theoretically calculated vinylmethylene spectrum, which indicates more work is necessary to unambiguously assign it.
A new portable penetrometer for measuring the viscosity of active lava
Authors: Harris M. A. , Kolzenburg S. , Sonder I. , Chevrel M. O. 
Published: June 2024

Viscosity is a fundamental physical property of lava that dictates style and rate of effusive transport. Studies of lava viscosity have predominantly focused on measuring re-melted rocks in the laboratory. While these measurements are well-constrained in temperature, shear rate, and oxygen fugacity, they cannot reproduce the complexities of the natural emplacement environment. Field viscosity measurements of active lava are the only way to fully capture lava’s properties, but such measurements are scarce, largely due to a lack of easy-to-use, portable, and accurate measurement devices. Thus, there is a need for developing suitable field instruments to help bolster the understanding of lava. Here, we present a new penetrometer capable of measuring a material’s viscosity under the harsh conditions of natural lava emplacement. This device uses a stainless-steel tube with a semi-spherical tip fixed to a load cell that records axial force when pushed into a material, while simultaneously measuring the penetration depth via a free-moving tube that is pushed backward along the penetration tube. The device is portable (1.5 m long, 5.5 kg in weight) and uses a single-board computer for data acquisition. The penetrometer has an operational range from 2.5 × 102 to 2.1 × 105 Pa s and was calibrated for viscosities ranging from 5.0 × 102 to 1.6 × 105 Pa s. It was deployed to the 2023 Litli-Hrútur eruption in Iceland. These field measurements successfully recorded the in situ viscosities of the lava in the range of 1.2 × 104–3.4 × 104 Pa s, showcasing it as an efficient method of measuring natural lava viscosity.
A fast and smooth one-electron approach for investigating charge transfer states and D1–D0 crossings for systems with odd numbers of electrons
Authors: Qiu Tian , Bian Xuezhi , Tao Zhen , Subotnik Joseph E. 
Published: June 2024

We propose an efficient version of ensemble Hartree–Fock/density functional theory to calculate a set of two charge-transfer states for systems with odd-numbers of electrons. The approach does require definitions of donor/acceptor fragments; however, the approach is not very sensitive to such definitions—even in the limit of very strong electronic coupling. The key ansatz is that, by mandating that the vector space spanned by the active orbitals projects equally onto the donor and acceptor fragments, such a constraint eliminates all intra-molecular local excitations and makes it far easier to generate potential energy surfaces that are smooth over a wide region of configuration space. The method is fast, working with only two electron configurations, and should be useful for ab initio non-adiabatic dynamics in the near future.
Isotope shifts in electron affinities and in binding energies of Pb and hyperfine structure of 207Pb−
Authors: Song C. X. , Yan S. T. , Godefroid M. , Bieroń J. , Jönsson P. , Gaigalas G. , Ekman J. , Zhang X. M. , Chen C. Y. , Ning C. G. , Si R. 
Published: June 2024

The isotope shifts in electron affinities of Pb were measured by Walter et al. [Phys. Rev. A 106, L010801 (2022)] to be −0.002(4) meV for 207–208Pb and −0.003(4) meV for 206–208Pb by scanning the threshold of the photodetachment channel Pb−(S3/2◦4) − Pb (3P0), while Chen and Ning reported 0.015(25) and −0.050(22) meV for the isotope shifts on the binding energies measured relative to 3P2 using the SEVI method [J. Chem. Phys. 145, 084303 (2016)]. Here we revisited these isotope shifts by using our second-generation SEVI spectrometer and obtained −0.001(15) meV for 207–208Pb and −0.001(14) meV for 206–208Pb, respectively. In order to aid the experiment by theory, we performed the first ab initio theoretical calculations of isotope shifts in electron affinities and binding energies of Pb, as well as the hyperfine structure of 207Pb−, by using the MCDHF and RCI methods. The isotope shifts in electron affinities of 207–208Pb and 206–208Pb are −0.0023(8) and −0.0037(13) meV for the 3P0 channel, respectively, in good agreement with Walter et al.’s measurements. The isotope shifts in binding energies relative to 3P1,2, −0.0015(8) and −0.0026(13) meV for 207–208Pb and 206–208Pb, respectively, are compatible with the present measurements. The hyperfine constant for the ground state of 207Pb− obtained by the present calculations, A(S3/2◦4)=−1118 MHz, differs by a factor of 3 from the previous estimation by Bresteau et al. [J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 52, 065001 (2019)]. The reliability is supported by the good agreement between the theoretical and experimental hyperfine parameters of 209Bi.
Plugin-based interoperability and ecosystem management for the MolSSI Driver Interface Project
Authors: Barnes T. A. , Ellis S. , Chen J. , Plimpton S. J. , Nash J. A. 
Published: June 2024

The MolSSI Driver Interface (MDI) Project is an effort to simplify and standardize the process of enabling tight interoperability between independently developed code bases and is supported by numerous software packages across the domain of chemical physics. It enables a wide variety of use cases, including quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, advanced sampling, path integral molecular dynamics, machine learning, ab initio molecular dynamics, etc. We describe two major developments within the MDI Project that provide novel solutions to key interoperability challenges. The first of these is the development of the MDI Plugin System, which allows MDI-supporting libraries to be used as highly modular plugins, with MDI enforcing a standardized application programming interface across plugins. Codes can use these plugins without linking against them during their build process, and end-users can select which plugin(s) they wish to use at runtime. The MDI Plugin System features a sophisticated callback system that allows codes to interact with plugins on a highly granular level and represents a significant advancement toward increased modularity among scientific codes. The second major development is MDI Mechanic, an ecosystem management tool that utilizes Docker containerization to simplify the process of developing, validating, maintaining, and deploying MDI-supporting codes. Additionally, MDI Mechanic provides a framework for launching MDI simulations in which each interoperating code is executed within a separate computational environment. This eliminates the need to compile multiple production codes within a single computational environment, reducing opportunities for dependency conflicts and lowering the barrier to entry for users of MDI-enabled codes.
Control over the secondary collision of electron in high-order harmonic generation
Authors: Rajpoot Rambabu , Sharma Jyoti , Holkundkar Amol R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigated the high-order harmonic generation by interacting linearly polarized laser pulses with the atomic target. The temporal evolution of harmonic emission and the underlying mechanisms of rescattering electrons are thoroughly investigated through a combination of quantum analysis and classical trajectory simulations. The manipulation of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) provides a promising avenue for controlling electron recollisions, revealing a systematic linear relationship between ionization and recombination times across varying CEP values. Moreover, examining phase properties in emitted harmonics during secondary collisions presents intriguing modulations, offering a potential experimental approach to verify the presence of secondary recollisions.
Reentrant semiconducting behavior in polymerized fullerite structures with increasing sp3-carbon content
Authors: Laranjeira Jorge , Marques Leonel , Melle-Franco Manuel , Strutyński Karol 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The electronic behavior of polymerized fullerite structures, ranging from one-dimensional to three-dimensional polymers, was studied using density functional theory with the hybrid Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof functional and a 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The bandgap across these structures decreases with the rise of sp3-carbon content until metallic behavior is observed. A further increase induces a reopening of the bandgap, revealing a reentrant semiconducting behavior in this class of materials. This behavior is understood in terms of the new electronic states originated by polymeric bonding and the effect of the volume reduction on the dispersion of sp2-states. This study highlights the fullerite polymers as a magnificent platform to tune electronic properties.
A Gaussian-plume based Monte Carlo method for calculating radiation dose in the near field of buildings
Authors: Gallacher D J , Robins A G , Hayden P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A Monte Carlo (MC) programme was written using the dose point kernel method to calculate doses in the roof zone of a building from nearby releases of radioactive gases. A Gaussian Plume Model (GPM) was parameterised to account for near-field building effects on plume spread and reflection from the roof. Rooftop recirculation zones and building-generated plume spread effects were accounted in a novel Dual Gaussian Plume (DGP) formulation used with the MC model, which allowed for the selection of angle of approach flow, plume release height in relation to the building and position of the release point in relation to the leading edge of the building. Three-dimensional wind tunnel concentration field data were used for the parameterisation. The MC code used the parameterised concentration field to calculate the contributions to effective dose from inhalation, cloud immersion from positron/beta particles, and gamma-ray dose for a wide range of receptor dose positions in the roof zone, including receptor positions at different heights above the roof. Broad trends in predicted radiation dose with angle of approach flow, release position in relation to the building and release height are shown. Alternative approaches for the derivation of the concentration field are discussed.
Improving a regional project on diagnostic reference levels for interventional procedures (OPRIPALC) with the support of a dose management system for the protection of patients and staff
Authors: Vano E , Fernández-Soto J M , Sánchez-Casanueva R M , Ten Morón J I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Interventional radiology is a clinical practice with important benefits for patients, but which involves high radiation doses. The optimisation of radiation protection (RP) for paediatric interventional cardiology is a priority for both patients and staff. The use of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) has been proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection to improve RP in imaging procedures. Dose management systems (DMSs) allow the automatic collection of dosimetric, geometric and technical data to assist the optimisation process, with a continuous audit of the procedures, generating alerts to implement corrective actions when necessary. Patient dose indicators may be analysed individually and for different radiation events (fluoroscopy and cine runs). Occupational doses per procedure may be analysed (if electronic dosimeters are available) and linked with patient doses for an integrated approach to RP. Regional optimisation programmes require data collection and processing from several countries to set and periodically update the DRLs. Patient data is anonymised, and each participating hospital has access to their data in a central computer server. Using DMSs may be one of the best ways to support these programs in the collection and analysis of data, raising alerts about high patient and occupational doses and suggesting optimisation actions.
Twins transformer: rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on cross-attention fusion of time and frequency domain features
Authors: Gao Zhikang , Wang Yanxue , Li Xinming , Yao Jiachi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Current self-attention based Transformer models in the field of fault diagnosis are limited to identifying correlation information within a single sequence and are unable to capture both time and frequency domain fault characteristics of the original signal. To address these limitations, this research introduces a two-channel Transformer fault diagnosis model that integrates time and frequency domain features through a cross-attention mechanism. Initially, the original time-domain fault signal is converted to the frequency domain using the Fast Fourier Transform, followed by global and local feature extraction via a Convolutional Neural Network. Next, through the self-attention mechanism on the two-channel Transformer, separate fault features associated with long distances within each sequence are modeled and then fed into the feature fusion module of the cross-attention mechanism. During the fusion process, frequency domain features serve as the query sequence Q and time domain features as the key-value pairs K. By calculating the attention weights between Q and K, the model excavates deeper fault features of the original signal. Besides preserving the intrinsic associative information within sequences learned via the self-attention mechanism, the Twins Transformer also models the degree of association between different sequence features using the cross-attention mechanism. Finally, the proposed model’s performance was validated using four different experiments on four bearing datasets, achieving average accuracy rates of 99.67%, 98.76%, 98.47% and 99.41%. These results confirm the model’s effective extraction of time and frequency domain correlation features, demonstrating fast convergence, superior performance and high accuracy.
Maximum Gpq–mean deconvolution for the impulsive fault feature enhancement of rolling bearing
Authors: Bao Huaiqian , Wang Chenxu , Zhang Zongzhen , Han Baokun , Wang Jinrui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The bearing fault signal is easily obscured by background noise and random shocks in the initial stage. The maximum Gpq–mean deconvolution (MGD) method is proposed to address the challenge of extracting fault feature signals in the presence of impact interference. The use of a nonlinear activation function in MGD enhances the distribution characteristics of the filtered signal. The proposed method adopts a new sparse measurement method, which enhances the sparse measurement capability and solves the problem of the difficulty in extracting periodic fault signals under impact. The superiority of the method in rolling bearing diagnosis is demonstrated through simulation and experimental analyses. In comparison with traditional methods, such as minimum entropy deconvolution (MED), optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjustment, and maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution, the proposed method in this paper significantly improves the ability of extracting bearing fault signals.
Strengthening of edge prism dislocations in Mg–Zn by cross-core diffusion
Authors: Niazi M Rahbar , Curtin W A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The activation of prismatic slip in Mg and its alloys can be beneficial for deformation and forming. Experiments show that addition of Zn and Al solutes have a softening effect at/below room temperature, attributed to solutes facilitating basal-prism-basal cross-slip of prismatic screw dislocations, but a strengthening effect with increasing temperature. Here, the dynamic strain aging mechanism of cross-core diffusion within the prismatic edge dislocation is investigated as a possible mechanism for the strengthening at higher temperatures. First-principles calculations provide the required information on solute/dislocation interaction energies and vacancy-mediated solute migration barriers for Zn solutes around the dislocation core. Results for Mg–0.0045Zn show that cross-core diffusion notably increases the stress for prismatic edge dislocation glide but that the strengthening remains roughly 30% of the experimental strength. Other possible strengthening mechanisms of (i) solute drag of the prism edge dislocation and (ii) solute interactions and/or diffusion within the prismatic screw core, are then briefly discussed with some quantitative assessments pointing toward areas for future study.