bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing children and adults with synovial sarcoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, 1983 to 2005
Authors: Sultan Iyad , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Saab Raya , Yasir Sameer , Casanova Michela , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a typical soft tissue sarcoma subtype crosswise between the pediatric and the adult age groups. Less satisfactory overall outcome has been recorded in adult series.METHODS:This study compares clinical features and outcomes of SS across the different age groups, by analyzing 1268 cases, 213 children/adolescents (≤18 years) and 1055 adults, registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 database from 1983 to 2005. Cancer‐specific survival estimates were compared with univariate and multivariate models.RESULTS:No major differences in stage distribution (localized, regional, and distant stage) were observed comparing the 2 age groups. The estimated 5‐year cancer‐specific survival was 83% for children/adolescents and 62% for adults (P < .001). Female sex, nonblack race, tumors located in the extremities, localized tumors, and tumors <5 cm in size were associated with better survival. In multivariate analysis, adult patients had significantly higher mortality rates than children after adjusting for other variables.CONCLUSIONS:Children and adults with SS have a similar clinical presentation but a dissimilar outcome, suggesting that factors other than unfavorable clinical features might be involved in the unsatisfactory outcome of adult SS patients. It remains to be ascertained whether this difference is related to biological variables or to historically different treatment approaches adopted in pediatric versus adult patients. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
MEKK3 expression correlates with nuclear factor κ B activity and with expression of antiapoptotic genes in serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Samanta Ajoy K. , Huang Helen J. , Le Xiao‐Feng , Mao Weiqun , Lu Karen H. , Bast Robert C. , Liao Warren S.‐L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Constitutively activated nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) contributes to the development of cancer by regulating the expression of genes involved in cell survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis. The authors have demonstrated that MEKK3 plays a critical role in cytokine‐mediated NFκB activation, and that stable expression of MEKK3 in cultured cells leads to increased NFκB activity.METHODS:MEKK3 expression in ovarian cancer cells or tumors was assessed by Western blotting and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. NFκB activities were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase reporter assays. Western blot analysis for the survival factors were also performed and correlated with MEKK3 and NFκB activities. Cell survival assays were used to determine the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic agents.RESULTS:The authors found that 63% of the ovarian cancers had higher MEKK3 expression than the normal ovarian epithelial cells. Ovarian cancers with high MEKK3 showed correspondingly high IκB kinase and NFκB activity. Moreover, MEKK3 coimmunoprecipitated with Akt and cooperated with Akt to synergistically activate NFκB. Consistent with increased MEKK3 and NFκB activity in ovarian cancers, Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, survivin, and X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis levels were increased, which correlated with increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Knockdown of MEKK3 with small interfering RNA significantly increased cancer cell sensitivity to paclitaxel.CONCLUSIONS:MEKK3 may be aberrantly expressed in ovarian cancers and plays an important role in tumors with constitutively activated NFκB. Cancer 2009; 115:3897–3908. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Rational approach to implementation of prostate cancer antigen 3 into clinical care
Authors: Wang Rou , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Dunn Rodney L. , Wojno Kirk J. , Wei John T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) encodes a prostate‐specific messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that serves as the target for a novel urinary molecular assay for prostate cancer detection. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the ability of PCA3, added to measurements of serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), to predict cancer detection by extended template biopsy.METHODS:Between September 2006 and December 2007, whole urine samples were collected after attentive digital rectal examinations from 187 men before they underwent ultrasound‐guided, 12‐core prostate biopsy in a urology outpatient clinic. Urine PCA3/PSA mRNA ratio scores were measured within 1 month, and serum PSA was measured within 6 months prior to biopsy. Those measurements were related to cancer‐positive biopsies.RESULTS:Overall, 87 of 187 biopsies (46.5%) were positive for cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of a PCA3 score ≥35 for positive biopsy were 52.9% and 80%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 69.7% and 66.1%, respectively. By using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, PSA alone resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.63 for prostate cancer detection; whereas a combined PSA and PCA3 score resulted in an AUC of 0.71. The likelihood of prostate cancer detection rose with increasing PCA3 score ranges (P > .0001), providing possible PCA3 score parameters for stratification into groups at low risk, moderate risk, high risk, and very high risk for a positive biopsy.CONCLUSIONS:Adding PCA3 to serum PSA improved prostate cancer prediction. The use of PCA3 in a clinical setting may help to stratify patients according to their risk for biopsy and cancer detection, although a large‐scale validation study will be needed to address assay standardization, optimal cutoff values, and appropriate patient populations. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Glypican‐3 protein expression in primary and metastatic melanoma
Authors: Kandil Dina , Leiman Gladwyn , Allegretta Mark , Evans Mark 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The incidence of melanoma is increasing. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is critical in documenting recurrent/metastatic disease in established cases. The potential of metastatic melanoma (MM) to mimic epithelial tumors presents a diagnostic dilemma. In liver FNA, the distinction between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and MM is a frequent challenge. Glypican‐3 (GPC3), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is a highly sensitive and specific marker for HCC. Serum GPC3 was shown to be expressed in 40% of primary melanomas (PMs), but to the authors' knowledge no tissue studies to date have assessed GPC3 expression in MM. In this study, GPC3 protein expression was investigated in FNAs from MM, and in corresponding histologic sections from the primary tumors.METHODS:Sixty archival, direct FNA smears or CytoLyt‐fixed samples from 50 patients with MM were retrieved together with formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens available from 17 corresponding PMs. All cases were stained with anti‐GPC3 antibody. FNA and core biopsy specimens from HCCs and benign liver were used as positive and negative controls. GPC3 expression was divided into 2 categories: negative (negative or weak cytoplasmic staining) and positive (moderate or strong cytoplasmic with membranous accentuation).RESULTS:All FNAs from MM cases were negative (0 of 60) for GPC3. The exact 95% Clopper‐Pearson confidence interval was 0.0% to 5.96%. Only 1 case of PM (1 of 17; 5.9%) demonstrated weak focal cytoplasmic staining (regarded as negative).CONCLUSIONS:In the current study, all MM and PM cases in archival FNAs and tissue sections were found to be negative for GPC3. These data suggest that GPC3 is not expressed in melanoma using the 1G12 clone. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Process‐oriented device driver development
Authors: Barnes F. R. M. , Ritson C. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOperating systems (OSs) are the core software component of many modern computer systems, ranging from small specialized embedded systems through to large distributed OSs. The demands placed upon these systems are increasingly complex, in particular, the need to handle concurrency in order to exploit increasingly parallel (multi‐core) hardware, to support increasing numbers of user and system processes and to take advantage of increasingly distributed and decentralized systems. The languages and designs that existing OSs employ provide little support for concurrency, leading to unmanageable programming complexities and ultimately errors in the resulting systems, which are hard to detect, hard to remove and hard to prove correct. This article presents the process‐oriented design of a universal serial bus device driver infrastructure for the Raw Metal occam eXperiment (RMoX) OS and its implementation in the occam‐pi multiprocessing language. We show how concurrency can be used for the benefit of such systems, simplifying design and implementation, providing freedom from race‐hazard and aliasing errors and the potential for guarantees of operating system scalability, reliability and efficiency. Copyright © 2007 F.R.M. Barnes & C.G. Ritson. [Correction made here after initial online publication]
Economic aspects of building software for service‐oriented architectures
Authors: Antos Dimitrios , Courcoubetis Costas , Stamoulis George D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe concept of service‐oriented architectures (SOA) has recently emerged as a design principle for the next generation of IT solutions. The main idea behind SOA lies in treating software applications as composed of simpler, cooperating services, implemented by components that communicate over networks through open standards. Such a modular structure is expected to question the effectiveness of current business models for building and distributing software, which generate revenue through license fees. Under SOA, the license fee is replaced by more flexible schemes, whereby users are charged according to their actual usage of services and the corresponding hardware infrastructure. Our work constitutes a first step toward exploring the economic aspects of a market for software components, as well as the incentives of software manufacturers to support this trend. In particular, we examine the factors that affect profitability in an open market for services, we build simple models to predict and explain market growth and we also suggest ways to accelerate this growth, while also achieving a higher level of economic efficiency. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of organ size: Insights from the Drosophila Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Kango‐Singh Madhuri , Singh Amit 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOrgan size control is a fundamental and core process of development of all multicellular organisms. One important facet of organ size control is the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Here we address the question, What are the developmental mechanisms that control intrinsic organ size? In several multicellular animals including humans and flies, organs develop according to an instructive model where proliferation is regulated by extracellular signals. However, the signals that regulate proliferation (and organ size) remain poorly understood. Recent data from flies have shed some light on the molecular mechanisms that regulate growth and size of organs. In this review, we will briefly discuss classic studies that revealed the mysteries of growth regulation. We will then focus on the recent findings from the Drosophila Hippo signaling pathway and its role in the regulation of organ size. Finally, we will discuss the mammalian Hippo pathway, and its implications in regulation of growth/proliferation during development and disease. Developmental Dynamics 238:1627–1637, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish ift57, ift88, and ift172 intraflagellar transport mutants disrupt cilia but do not affect hedgehog signaling
Authors: Lunt Shannon C. , Haynes Tony , Perkins Brian D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCilia formation requires intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins. Recent studies indicate that mammalian Hedgehog (Hh) signaling requires cilia. It is unclear, however, if the requirement for cilia and IFT proteins in Hh signaling represents a general rule for all vertebrates. Here we examine zebrafish ift57, ift88, and ift172 mutants and morphants for defects in Hh signaling. Although ift57 and ift88 mutants and morphants contained residual maternal protein, the cilia were disrupted. In contrast to previous genetic studies in mouse, mutations in zebrafish IFT genes did not affect the expression of Hh target genes in the neural tube and forebrain and had no quantitative effect on Hh target gene expression. Zebrafish IFT mutants also exhibited no dramatic changes in the craniofacial skeleton, somite formation, or motor neuron patterning. Thus, our data indicate the requirement for cilia in the Hh signal transduction pathway may not represent a universal mechanism in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 238:1744–1759, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Promoter analysis of ventricular myosin heavy chain (vmhc) in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Jin Daqing , Ni Terri T. , Hou Jia , Rellinger Eric , Zhong Tao P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn zebrafish, ventricular myosin heavy chain (vmhc) gene is initially expressed at the anterior lateral mesoderm and thereafter its expression is restricted to the cardiac ventricle. The transcriptional control mechanisms in regulating chamber‐specific expression of myosin heavy chains are not well defined. We isolated and analyzed zebrafish vmhc upstream region to examine the spatial and temporal regulation of vmhc using transgenic and transient expression techniques. Promoter deletion analyses defined a basal promoter region sufficient to drive vmhc expression in the ventricle and an upstream fragment necessary for repressing ectopic vmhc expression in the atrium. The transcriptional mechanism that prevents vmhc expression in the atrium is mediated through Nkx2.5 binding elements (NKE). We have further discovered that paired‐related homeobox transcriptional factor 2 (Prx2/S8)‐like binding elements are required for promoting vmhc expression, and Prrx1b, a Prx‐related homeobox protein, participates in the regulation of vmhc expression with other transcriptional factors. Developmental Dynamics 238:1760–1767, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olfactory sensory axon growth and branching is influenced by sonic hedgehog
Authors: Gong Qizhi , Chen Huaiyang , Farbman Albert I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOlfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons extend from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb without branching until they reach their target region, the glomerulus. In this report, we present evidence to support the involvement of sonic hedgehog in promoting rat olfactory sensory axons to branch and to enter into the glomerulus. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein is detected in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, whereas its transcript is expressed in the mitral and tufted cells, suggesting that Shh in the glomeruli is produced by mitral and tufted cells. In primary OSN cultures, Shh‐N peptide promotes olfactory axon branching. When Shh function is neutralized in vivo by its antibody, growth of newly generated OSN axons into the glomeruli is vastly reduced. Developmental Dynamics 238:1768–1776, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of adenovirus for ectopic gene expression in Xenopus: Chicken dapper genes are versatile markers for mesodermal tissues, embryonic muscle stem cells, neural crest cells, and neurogenic placodes
Authors: Alvares Lúcia Elvira , Winterbottom Farrah Leigh , Sobreira Débora Rodrigues , Xavier‐Neto José , Schubert Frank Richard , Dietrich Susanne 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCOVER PHOTOGRAPH: Chicken embryo at HH9 of development, dorsal view, anterior to the top, displaying expression of the novel Dpr2 gene in cranial neural crest cells and the somites. See Alvares et al., Developmental Dynamics 238:1166–1178. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Summary of ‘Abstinence‐plus programs for HIV infection prevention in high‐income countries’, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials
Authors: Underhill Kristen , Montgomery Paul , Operario Don , Kremer L.C.M. , van Dalen E.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials, of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Underhill K, Montgomery P, Operario D. Abstinence‐plus programs for HIV infection prevention in high‐income countries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD007006. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007006.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea’, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials
Authors: Ejemot Regina I. , Ehiri John E. , Meremikwu Martin M. , Critchley Julia A. , Kremer L.C.M. , van Dalen E.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials, of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Ejemot RI, Ehiri JE, Meremikwu MM, Critchley JA. Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004265. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004265.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Synthesis and Hormonal Activity of the (25S)‐Cholesten‐26‐oic Acids – Potent Ligands for the DAF‐12 Receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Martin René , Entchev Eugeni V. , Däbritz Frank , Kurzchalia Teymuras V. , Knölker Hans‐Joachim 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUsing a highly stereoselective Evans aldol reaction for the introduction of the stereogenic center at C‐25, we describe an efficient synthesis of the orthogonally diprotected (25S)‐26‐hydroxycholesterol 11. In a few synthetic steps, this crucial intermediate 11 has been converted into the four (25S)‐cholesten‐26‐oic acids 1–4, which have been obtained in 12–15 steps and 19–53 % overall yield based on commercially available 3β‐hydroxychol‐5‐en‐24‐oic acid (5). Our biological studies of the compounds 1–4 reveal that (25S)‐Δ7‐dafachronic acid (1) represents the most active steroidal ligand for the hormonal receptor DAF‐12 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Moreover, the saturated (25S)‐dafachronic acid (3) represents a new ligand for this receptor and the (25S)‐steroidal acids are more active as compared to their corresponding (25R)‐counterparts.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Amperometric Sensor for Detection of the Reduced Form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Using a Poly(pyronin B) Film Modified Electrode
Authors: Ashok Kumar S. , Chen Szu‐Ling , Chen Shen‐Ming 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn electrochemical method for the preparation of poly(pyronin B) film was proposed in this paper. A poly(pyronin B) (poly(PyB)) film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been fabricated via an electrochemical oxidation procedure and applied to the electrocatalytic oxidation of reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The poly(PyB) film modified electrode surface has been characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), UV‐visible absorption spectrophotometry (UV‐vis) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). These studies have been used to investigate the poly(PyB) film, which demonstrates the formation of the polymer film and the excellent electroactivity of poly(PyB) in neutral and even in alkaline media. Due to its potent catalytic effects towards the electrooxidation of NADH at lower potential (0.0 V), poly(PyB) film modified electrode can be used for the selective determination of NADH in real samples because of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid oxidation can be avoided at this potential. The catalytic peak currents are linearly dependent on the concentrations of NADH in the range of 1.0×10−6 to 5.0×10−4 mol/L with correlation coefficients of 0.999. The detection limits for NADH is 0.5×10−6 mol/L. Poly(PyB) modified electrode also shows good stability and reproducibility due to the irreversible attachment of polymer film at GCE surface.
Metal On‐Line Voltammetric Analyzer for On‐Site Monitoring of Iron Speciation in Acid Mine Drainage Waters: Development and Characterization
Authors: Hezard T. , Durand G. , Rakib M. , Viers Ph. , Roy S. , Guigues N. , Brach M. , Heitzmann J‐P. , Eberlé P. , Bellouard F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe development of a simple, low cost, portable metal on‐line voltammetric analyzer (MOVA) for the iron analysis, as well as other species, in mining effluents is presented. It consists of a voltammetric cell based on an impinging jet flow configuration, a fluidic system controlled by gravity and electronics. Laboratory tests were performed to optimize the system as well as the analytical conditions for Fe speciation measurements. MOVA was then tested in the laboratory, in samples of both mining effluents. The results showed that iron in both mining effluents, as well as copper and arsenic, can be measured in oxygenated samples.
Silver Nanograins Incorporated PEDOT Modified Electrode for Electrocatalytic Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Balamurugan A. , Chen Shen‐Ming 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA silver nanograins (AgNGs) incorporated poly[3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene] (PEDOT) modified electrode was prepared by a simple electrochemical method without using any stabilizer or reducing agent. The surface morphology and thickness of the resulting modified electrode was characterized by using AFM. It was found that the size of the silver particles in the PEDOT modified electrode was smaller than that in the bare electrode. AFM studies also revealed that AgNGs were uniformly distributed in the PEDOT modified electrode and the thickness of the film was found to be 35 nm. The AgNGs incorporated PEDOT modified electrode exhibited good electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide without an enzyme or mediator immobilized in the electrode. It has shown good amperometric response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with a detection limit of 7 μM and a response time of 5 s.
Voltammetric Antioxidant Analysis in Mineral Oil Samples Immobilized into Boron‐Doped Diamond Micropore Array Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Xiaohang , Paddon Christopher A. , Chan Yohan , Bulman‐Page Philip C. , Fordred Paul S. , Bull Steven D. , Chang Ho‐Chol , Rizvi Nadeem , Marken Frank 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMineral oil microdroplets containing the model antioxidant N,N‐didodecyl‐N′,N′‐diethyl‐phenylene‐diamine (DDPD) are immobilized into a 100×100 pore‐array (ca. 10 μm individual pore diameter, 100 μm pitch) in a boron‐doped diamond electrode surface. The robust diamond surface allows pore filling, cleaning, and reuse without damage to the electrode surface. The electrode is immersed into aqueous electrolyte media, and voltammetric responses for the oxidation of DDPD are obtained. In order to further improve the current responses, 20 wt% of carbon nanofibers are co‐deposited with the oil into the pore array. Voltammetric signals are consistent with the oxidation of DDPD and the associated transfer of perchlorate anions (in aqueous 0.1 M NaClO4) or the transfer of protons (in aqueous 0.1 M HClO4). From the magnitude of the current response, the DDPD content in the mineral oil can be determined down to less than 1 wt% levels. Perhaps surprisingly, the reversible (or midpoint) potential for the DDPD oxidation in mineral oil (when immersed in 0.1 NaClO4) is shown to be concentration‐dependent and to shift to more positive potential values for more dilute DDPD in mineral oil solutions. An extraction mechanism and the formation of a separate organic product phase are proposed to explain this behavior.