bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markers of Bone Formation and Resorption Identify Subgroups of Patients with Clinical Knee Osteoarthritis Who Have Reduced Rates of Cartilage Loss
Authors: BERRY PATRICIA A. , MACIEWICZ ROSE A. , CICUTTINI FLAVIA M. , JONES MARK D. , HELLAWELL CAROLINE J. , WLUKA ANITA E. 
Published: April 2010

Objective.To determine whether serum markers of bone formation and resorption, used individually or in combination, can be used to identify subgroups who lose cartilage volume at different rates over 2 years within a knee osteoarthritis (OA) population.Methods.Changes in cartilage volume over 2 years were measured in 117 subjects with knee OA using magnetic resonance imaging. We examined relationships between change in cartilage volume and baseline serum markers of bone formation [intact N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and osteocalcin] and resorption [N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX-I), C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP).Results.The baseline markers of bone formation, PINP and osteocalcin (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, respectively), and the baseline markers of bone resorption, CTX-I and NTX-I (p = 0.02 for both), were significantly associated with reduced cartilage loss. There were no significant associations between baseline ratios of bone formation to resorption markers and cartilage loss. However, when subjects were divided into subgroups with high or low bone formation markers (based on levels of marker ≥ mean or < mean for the population, respectively), in the subgroup with high PINP there was a significant association between increasing bone resorption markers CTX-I and NTX-I and reduced cartilage loss (p = 0.02, p = 0.001, respectively). Similarly, in the subgroup with high osteocalcin, there was a significant association between increasing CTX-I and NTX-I and reduced cartilage loss (p = 0.02, p = 0.003, respectively). In contrast, in subgroups with low bone formation markers, no significant associations were obtained between markers of bone resorption and cartilage loss.Conclusion.Overall, the results suggest that higher bone remodeling (i.e., higher serum levels of bone formation and resorption) is associated with reduced cartilage loss. Considering markers of bone formation and resorption together, it is possible to identify subgroups within the OA population who have reduced rates of cartilage loss.
TLR2 Utilization ofBorreliaDoes Not Induce p38- and IFN-β Autocrine Loop-Dependent Expression of CD38, Resulting in Poor Migration and Weak IL-12 Secretion of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Hartiala Pauliina , Hytönen Jukka , Yrjänäinen Heta , Honkinen Maria , Terho Perttu , Söderström Mirva , Penttinen Markus A. , Viljanen Matti K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLyme borreliosis is a tick-borne bacterial infection that in many cases is limited to the skin. However, in some patients the bacterium evades the immune response and disseminates into various organs. Dendritic cells (DCs) are among the first cells to meet invading pathogens in the skin. We have previously shown that CD38, an ectoenzyme involved in the migration of DCs and generally upregulated by microbial stimuli, is not upregulated in Borrelia garinii-stimulated DCs. In this paper, we characterize the cellular events that lead to the absence of CD38 on the DC surface after B. garinii stimulation and investigate the consequences of absent CD38 expression for the migration of DCs in vitro and in vivo. The data show that 1) effective signaling via p38 MAPK (and STAT1 and NF-κB) is needed for CD38 expression and 2) TLR2 stimulation, as opposed to TLR4 stimulation, does not induce IFN-β autocrine loop-dependent expression of CD38 and secretion of IL-12. Further, we show that 3) B. garinii-stimulated DCs do not migrate effectively toward CCL19 and CCL21 and 4) after B. garinii infection of mice, the number of DCs migrating from the infection site to draining lymph nodes is only half that induced by Escherichia coli infection. Our results provide evidence for the first time that different TLR use results in different CD38 expression, which correlates with the migratory potential of DCs.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of PYNOD and Its Mechanism in Humans and Mice
Authors: Imamura Ryu , Wang Yetao , Kinoshita Takeshi , Suzuki Misao , Noda Tetsuo , Sagara Junji , Taniguchi Shun’ichiro , Okamoto Hiroshi , Suda Takashi 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Many members of the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)- and leucine-rich-repeat–containing protein (NLR) family play important roles in pathogen recognition and inflammation. However, we previously reported that human PYNOD/NLRP10, an NLR-like protein consisting of a pyrin domain and a NOD, inhibits inflammatory signal mediated by caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) in reconstitution experiments using HEK293 cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of PYNOD’s anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and its expression and function in mice. Human PYNOD inhibited the autoprocessing of caspase-1 and caspase-1–mediated IL-1β processing and suppressed the aggregation of ASC, a hallmark of ASC activation. Interestingly, the NOD of human PYNOD was sufficient to inhibit caspase-1–mediated IL-1β secretion, whereas its pyrin domain was sufficient to inhibit ASC-mediated NF-κB activation and apoptosis and to reduce ASC’s ability to promote caspase-1–mediated IL-1β production. Mouse PYNOD protein was detected in the skin, tongue, heart, colon, peritoneal macrophages, and several cell lines of hematopoietic and myocytic lineages. Mouse PYNOD colocalized with ASC aggregates in LPS + R837-stimulated macrophages; however, unlike human PYNOD, mouse PYNOD failed to inhibit ASC aggregation. Macrophages and neutrophils from PYNOD-transgenic mice exhibited reduced IL-1β processing and secretion upon microbial infection, although mouse PYNOD failed to inhibit caspase-1 processing, which was inhibited by caspase-4 inhibitor z-LEED-fluoromethylketone. These results suggest that mouse PYNOD colocalizes with ASC and inhibits caspase-1–mediated IL-1β processing without inhibiting caspase-4 (mouse caspase-11)–mediated caspase-1 processing. Furthermore, PYNOD-transgenic mice were resistant to lethal endotoxic shock. Thus, PYNOD is the first example of an NLR that possesses an anti-inflammatory function in vivo.
TLR9 Blockade Inhibits Activation of Diabetogenic CD8+ T Cells and Delays Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Yiqun , Lee Andrew S. , Shameli Afshin , Geng Xuan , Finegood Diane , Santamaria Pere , Dutz Jan P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDiabetogenic CD8+ T cells are primed in the pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) by dendritic cells (DCs) carrying islet cell Ags. TLR signaling modifies DC function. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of TLR9 signaling on diabetogenic CD8+ T cell activation and the course of type 1 diabetes. We explored the effects of CpG oligonucleotide, TLR9 antagonists, and genetic TLR9 deficiency on the activation of diabetogenic CD8+ T cells. NOD bone marrow-derived DCs pulsed with freeze-thawed insulinoma cells in the presence of TLR9 agonist CpG and CD40 agonist induced diabetogenic CD8+ T cell activation. The addition of TLR9 antagonist oligodeoxynucleotide or chloroquine inhibited bone marrow-derived DCs activation and CD8+ T cell priming in response to CpG. CpG alone or with CD40 agonist induced CTL activity that triggered diabetes development in 8.3-TCR transgenic NOD mice. Oligodeoxynucleotide treatment of 8.3-TCR transgenic NOD mice delayed spontaneous diabetes development. Chloroquine treatment delayed the spontaneous onset of diabetes in NOD mice, coincident with the decreased activation of PLN DCs. TLR9−/− NOD mice had delayed onset of diabetes compared with TLR9−/+ NOD littermates. TLR9−/− NOD mice had lower levels of IFN-α in PLNs and decreased frequencies of plasmacytoid DCs and diabetogenic CD8+ T cells compared with NOD mice. We propose that TLR9 activation contributes to the spontaneous onset of diabetes in NOD mice by increasing IFN-α and promoting diabetogenic CD8 T cell activation.
n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Suppress Mitochondrial Translocation to the Immunologic Synapse and Modulate Calcium Signaling in T Cells
Authors: Yog Rajeshwari , Barhoumi Rola , McMurray David N. , Chapkin Robert S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the process of Ag presentation induces cytoskeleton-dependent mitochondrial redistribution to the immediate vicinity of the immunologic synapse (IS). This redistribution of mitochondria to the IS in T cells is necessary to maintain Ca2+ influx and Th cell activation. Recently, we demonstrated that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) suppress the localization and activation of signaling proteins at the IS. Therefore, we hypothesized that n-3 PUFAs suppress CD4+ T cell mitochondrial translocation during the early stages of IS formation and downmodulate Ca2+-dependent Th cell activation. CD4+ cells derived from fat-1 mice, a transgenic model that synthesizes n-3 PUFA from n-6 PUFA, were cocultured with anti-CD3–expressing hybridoma cells (145-2C11) for 15 min at 37°C, and mitochondrial translocation to the IS was assessed by confocal microscopy. Fat-1 mice exhibited a significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced percentage of T cells with mitochondria which translocated to the IS; fat-1 (30%) versus wild type control (82%). Regarding the effect on the mitochondrial-to-cytosolic Ca2+ ratio, wild type cells showed significant increases at the IS (71%) and total cell (60%) within 30 min of IS formation. In contrast, fat-1 CD4+ T cells remained at basal levels following the IS formation. A similar blunting of the mitochondrial-to-cytosolic Ca2+ ratio was observed in wild type cells that were coincubated with inhibitors of the mitochondrial uniporter, RU360 or calcium release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, BTP2. These observations provide evidence that n-3 PUFAs modulate Th cell activation by limiting mitochondrial translocation to the IS and reducing Ca2+entry.
Self-Specific CD8+ T Cells Maintain a Semi-Naive State Following Lymphopenia-Induced Proliferation
Authors: Johnson Lisa D. S. , Jameson Stephen C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Upon transfer into T cell-deficient hosts, naive CD8+ T cells typically undergo lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP, also called homeostatic proliferation) and develop the phenotypic and functional characteristics of memory CD8+ T cells. However, the capacity of T cells with self-peptide/MHC specificity to respond in this way has not been intensively studied. We examined pmel-1 TCR transgenic CD8+ T cells that are specific for an epitope from gp100, a protein expressed by melanoma cells and normal melanocytes. Despite their self-specificity, naive pmel-1 cells were inefficient at LIP in typical lymphopenic hosts. In CD132 (common γ-chain)-deficient hosts, pmel-1 CD8+ T cells underwent extensive proliferation, but, surprisingly, the majority of these cells retained certain naive phenotypic traits (CD44low, CD122low) rather than acquiring the expected central-memory phenotype. Following LIP, pmel-1 T cells acquired the capacity to control B16F10 tumor growth, but only in common γ-chain–deficient host mice. Together, these data suggest that LIP does not always favor expansion of self-specific CD8 T cells and that sustained extensive lymphopenia is required for such cells to exhibit tumor control.
Films, Edible
Authors: Krochta John M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Edible films are stand‐alone structures that have appearance and protective functions similar to synthetic polymer film. However, they are comprised of edible proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and/or resins, and other components that render them edible. Thus, they can be consumed with a packaged product, resulting in less packaging that requires disposal. Since edible films are made from renewable resources, they contribute to packaging sustainability. Edible films can also be formed as a coating directly on the surfaces of food and pharmaceutical products, thus, becoming part of the product. Present uses include collagen casings on sausages, pouches for premeasured food and beverage ingredients, gelatin capsules, for pharmaceuticals and to improve product appearance. Edible films used as coatings, for example, include shellac and wax coatings on fruits and vegetables and methyl cellulose and HPMC coatings on fried foods to reduce fat uptake, and on drug tablets to improve appearance and ingestion.
This article reviews the materials, properties, manufacture, applications and trends of edible films. The area of microencapsulation is not covered.
Rearrangements of Hydroxylamines, Oximes and Hydroxamic Acids
Authors: A. Pereira M. Manuela , Santos Pedro Paulo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroductionThe [3,3]‐Sigmatropic RearrangementsThe [2,3]‐Sigmatropic RearrangementsThe Dyotropic RearrangementsTheBamberger RearrangementsTheBeckmann RearrangementsTheNeber RearrangementsTheLossen RearrangementOther Rearrangements
Natural and Biomimetic Hydroxamic Acid Based Siderophores
Authors: Shanzer Abraham , Felder Clifford E. , Barda Yaniv 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroductionPhysical and Chemical Properties of Hydroxamate‐Based SiderophoresIron MetabolismBiomimetic ChemistryNatural and Biomimetic Hydroxamic Acid Based SiderophoresSiderophore ConjugatesBiomimetic Siderophores in Health and DiseaseAcknowledgments
Hydroxylamine, Oximate and Hydroxamate as α‐Nucleophiles in Dephosphorylation
Authors: Buncel Erwin , Um Ik Hwan , Terrier François 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroductionThe α‐Effect of Hydroxylamines, Oximes and Hydroxamic AcidsAmbident Nature of Hydroxylamines and HydroxamatesLeveling Effect of α‐Nucleophilicity: Brønsted‐Type PlotsSolvent Effect on α‐NucleophilicityAcetonitrile–Water VersusDMSO–Water Binary MixturesImbalanced Transition StateHydroxylamines, Hydroxamates and Oximates as Antidotes for Intoxication by Organophosphorus Toxins (Chemical Warfare Agents) and Organophosphorus InsecticidesReactions of Oximate and Hydroxamate Nucleophiles in Surfactant SystemsAcknowledgment
The Tree Canopy as Blueprint
Authors: Schwarzer Mitchell 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAs the opportunities for new territories become more limited, the only way is up. Mitchell Schwarzer explores the dizzying heights of the ‘last biotic frontier’ of arboreal architecture with its high platforms, walkways and canopy craft. Challenging in construction and engineering terms, the tree canopy also requires engaging with a different atmospheric and climatic range to those conditions encountered at ground level. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ecological Facades of Patrick Blanc
Authors: Gandy Matthew 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe urban geographer Matthew Gandy explores the work of French botanist Patrick Blanc, who applies his scientific knowledge and preoccupations to urban design. After his invention of the mur végetal (green wall), a botanical and structural system for greening buildings, in 1988, Blanc's work has gone on to transcend the creation of merely living walls. Through his landscape schemes Blanc has recognised the city's rich potential for verdant metamorphosis, transforming fern‐ and moss‐covered streets and buildings into unlikely ravines or rainforests. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Material Transformations of AMID (cero9) Social Oxygen Balloons
Authors: Gissen David 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFor Spanish practice AMID (cero9), the proposal for an urban park on a restricted site in the Ventilla district of Madrid offered the chance to reconnect with nature through an experimentation with material metamorphosis. Guest‐editor David Gissen describes how the project Social Oxygen Balloons with its ‘metabolisms’ or matter‐changes, most apparent in the wall structure, stem from Gottfried Semper's concept of Stoffweschel. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Living: Surface Tensions
Authors: Geiger Jordan 
Published: April 2010

Abstract‘Our work begins with the premise of a dynamic world. Political and cultural conditions change: what if the walls and windows morphed in response?’ New York‐based team The Living, led by David Benjamin and Soo‐in Yang, have developed a practice of deep, open‐source interfaces of participation. Jordan Geiger describes how for The Living their home city and its environs is a site of evolving forms of public space whether on land, air or water. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Perils of Historical Geography: On a Pretended Lost Map to a Legendary Sunken Forest
Authors: Eigen Edward 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOur perception of territory and the geographical terrain continues to be influenced as much by our cultural persuasions and desires as by the reality of hard facts. Edward Eigen trawls the literature of Mont‐Saint‐Michel to reveal the fascinating case of the mythical forest that surfaced on an erroneous 18th‐century map of the abbey and its environs. Could this plot against history have put myth in danger of triumphing over reason? Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local Code: Real Estates
Authors: de Monchaux Nicholas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWith the employment of a geographical information system (GIS), the city can be revealed and analysed with an alacrity that was never previously imagined possible: vacant sites and spaces between buildings can immediately be located. Nicholas de Monchaux describes his project Local Code: Real Estates, based in San Francisco, which has highlighted the potential and scale of residual spaces situated around highways and industry as a new collective resource for community design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
Authors: Watson Howard 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn November 2009, the Ashmolean Museum opened a new extension that doubled its gallery space on its existing city centre site. Howard Watson looks at how the redevelopment of the museum has been to its benefit curatorially, optimising the display space available for its extensive collections, but also enabling new connections to be made between artefacts in a way that fully tells the stories of civilisations across the globe. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antwerp Central and Liège‐Guillemins, Belgium
Authors: Littlefield David 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDavid Littlefield describes how Belgian railway company NMBS/SNCB is realising a new holistic vision for high‐speed rail in the country with railway stations that are being envisaged as destinations in themselves that connect their urban contexts. This is epitomised by Jacques Voncke's recently completed renovation and expansion of the fin‐de‐siècle Antwerp Central and Santiago Calatrava's dramatic white canopy for the new station at Liège‐Guillemins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ecoLogicStudio
Authors: Peters Terri 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFrom their office in Hackney, in London's East End, Italian duo Claudia Pasquero and Marco Poletto, have established an international reputation as ecoLogicStudio, an innovative practice that fuses digital technologies with environmental design. As Terri Peters explains, the ethos and approach of the studio extends beyond that of finding technological solutions to ecological design projects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relational Interactive Architecture
Authors: Croci Valentina 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn her concluding ‘Userscape’, Valentina Croci assesses the state of interactive design as it becomes an increasingly mature practice, with over 10 years of activity behind it. Looking at works by some of the most significant designers internationally, she emphasises how this new field of spatial design has enabled new sensory investigation and innovative explorations into the relations between people. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Green Footstep: A Tool for Evaluating a Building's Life‐Cycle Carbon Footprint and Informing Carbon Decisions During the Building Design Process
Authors: Bendewald Michael , Olgyay Victor , Yeang Ken 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Green Footstep model provides a valuable set of metrics for ecodesign and masterplanning. Here Michael Bendewald and Victor Olgyay of the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), with Ken Yeang, describe the significance of this new online tool. In addition to supplying the basis for balancing the built environment's engineering systems, the Green Footstep enables efficiency with the use of renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaics (illustrated here). By presenting the critical case for increasing the percentage of new vegetation and trees in new developments, it enhances local biodiversity. Carbon emissions are offset from: on‐site clearance of vegetation, the disturbance of the many constituents of the local ecosystem and the removal of organic rich soil by new construction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MAXXI, Rome: Zaha Hadid Architects
Authors: Garcia Mark 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMark Garcia, editor of The Diagrams in Architecture (John Wiley & Sons, 2010), one of the first significant accounts of the diagram in architectural design, provides a unique insight into the diagrammatic form of Zaha Hadid Architects' new MAXXI museum in Rome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting proliferation and differentiation of lepidopteran midgut stem cells
Authors: Loeb Marcia J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMidgut stem cells of last instar larvae and pupae of Heliothis virescens, Lymantria dispar and several other Lepidopteran species have been cultured in vitro and have been induced to proliferate using low titers of ecdysteroids and the 77‐Kda peptide fragment, α‐arylphorin, isolated and identified from pupal fat body tissue. The insulin‐related hormone, Bombyxin, also induced mitosis in cultured midgut stem cells; it appeared to be fast‐acting and quickly inactivated, while α‐arylphorin was slower to act and had a longer lasting effect in vitro, indicating different functions for these proliferation agents. Changes in Calcium ion concentration within or outside the cells discretely affected stem cell differentiation, indicating a role for second messenger participation in peptide regulation of this process. Four different peptides (MDFs 1–4) that induced midgut stem cells to differentiate to mature midgut cell types in vitro were isolated and characterized from conditioned media and hemolymph of H. virescens and L. dispar. However, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and all‐trans retinoic acid (RA) from vertebrate sources induced differentiation to non‐midgut cell types as well. MDF1 was located in basal areas of columnar cells of midgut epithelium, although MDF2 was observed in all of the cytoplasm of columnar cells and in droplets of antibody positive material in the midgut lumen, suggesting a digestive function as well for this peptide. Anti‐MDF‐3 stained the central areas of cultured midgut columnar cells and the bases of columnar cells of midgut epithelium in vivo. Midgut secretory cells stained with anti‐MDF‐4; streams of MFD‐4‐positive material were observed extending from secretory cells facing the epithelial lumen, and as a layer on the hemolymph‐facing side, suggesting an endocrine or paracrine function for this or an immunologically similar peptide. Published 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.