bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of high-pressure hydrogen exposure on wear of polytetrafluoroethylene sliding against stainless steel
Authors: Nakashima K , Yamaguchi A , Kurono Y , Sawae Y , Murakami T , Sugimura J 
Published: September 2009

Mechanical components in hydrogen energy systems, such as a fuel cell vehicle and related infrastructures, will operate in high-purity hydrogen. Especially, some seals and valves in fuel cell vehicles should articulate against metal counterface within a pressurized hydrogen gas. However, the effect of high-pressure hydrogen gas on tribological behaviour of materials used in sliding surfaces has not been identified yet. In this study, unfilled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pins and 316L austenitic stainless-steel discs were exposed to high-pressure hydrogen gas and then the chemical and physical changes in their surface and the tribological characteristics were investigated. The results of an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer analysis of the exposed stainless-steel surface indicated that metal oxides in the passive surface layer of stainless steel can be reduced significantly during the high-pressure hydrogen exposure. Increased metal contents of the stainless surface resulted in enhanced metal fluoride formation and subsequent development of a PTFE transfer film. Consequently, the exposed PTFE specimens showed lower specific wear rate when compared to the unexposed specimen.
Quantitative computed tomographic assessment of the effects of 24 months of teriparatide treatment on 3D femoral neck bone distribution, geometry, and bone strength: Results from the EUROFORS study
Authors: Borggrefe Jan , Graeff Christian , Nickelsen Thomas N , Marin Fernando , Glüer Claus C 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
We studied the changes in bone distribution, geometry, and bone strength based on 3D quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of the femoral neck (FN) in subjects receiving teriparatide (TPTD). Fifty-two postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis were analyzed. Patients were divided into three subgroups based on their prior treatment with osteoporosis drugs: treatment-naive (Tx-naive; n = 8), pretreated (pre-Tx; n = 12), and pretreated showing an inadequate response to treatment (inad. pre-Tx; n = 32). QCT scans were performed at baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months of treatment and were analyzed with Mindways QCT-PRO BIT software. Minimum and maximum section modulus, buckling ratio (BR), and cross-sectional area (CSA) were calculated as measurements of bending strength, risk of buckling, and bone apposition, respectively. After 24 months of TPTD treatment, areal and volumetric FN BMD increased significantly by 4.0% and 3.0%, respectively, compared with baseline. Decreases in cortical volumetric BMD occurred in locations not adversely affecting minimum bending strength indicators. Cortical CSA increased by 4.3%, whereas total CSA remained unchanged over the study duration, indicating that endosteal but no periosteal growth was observed. Strength parameters for buckling did not change at 6 and 12 months but improved significantly at 24 months. Measures of bending strength showed a trend toward improvement. Changes tended to be larger in individuals at higher risk of buckling failure. Prior antiresorptive treatment may delay response to TPTD, but based on the small magnitude of the mostly insignificant changes at 6 months, this does not appear to lead to an interim phase of reduced bone strength. In summary, FN QCT provides a tool for detailed longitudinal investigation of bone strength indices in vivo for different loading modes, yields insight into underlying structural changes, and provides relevant mechanostructural information beyond dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Continuous TPTD treatment for 24 months improves FN bone strength parameters. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
A Hindu to His Body: The Reinscription of Traditional Representations
Authors: Zimmermann Francis 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This paper is an attempt to put into a historical perspective the knowledge gathered over two centuries, a construction of the knowledge about the representations of the body in the Hindu world. In view of the critical history of Orientalist disciplines that has developed over the last few years we make a clear distinction between two periods in the construction of this knowledge. The representations of the body that emerged from reading, translating and interpreting classical writings of Hindu India, became the subject of two successive reinscriptions beginning in the second half of the nineteenth century. The analysis of these reinscriptions is presented in this paper.
Bodies Filled with Divine Energy: The Indian Dance Odissi
Authors: Schnepel Cornelia 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article is based on interviews made with gurus and dancers in Orissa, East India. The Odissi, a classical dance which stands at the centre of attention here, is a mixture of centuries-old traditions and relatively new influences, or even inventions. By discussing the dance′s history, its aesthetic qualities and, most importantly, the emic points of view of contemporary practitioners of the dance, it is shown that today′s Odissi is based on ideas and practices that stem as much from old Sanskrit writings and late-medieval temple practices as they do from the contemporary realms of popular Hinduism and tribal religion and art. For its practitioners, the dance represents a form of devotion to Jagannath, and Odisssi is thus understood as a spiritual dance through which a relationship between the god and his adherents is established or performed. While the attitude exhibited by dancers and audience alike is one of spirituality and bhakti, this spirituality and loving surrender can only be achieved through the bodily practice of the dance, which turns the presence of the deity into a somatic experience in which all the bodily senses are involved.
Hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury: prevalence is affected by the use of different dynamic tests and different normal values
Authors: Kokshoorn Nieke E , Wassenaar Moniek J E , Biermasz Nienke R , Roelfsema Ferdinand , Smit Johannes W A , Romijn Johannes A , Pereira Alberto M 
Published: September 2009

ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury (TBI) has emerged as an important cause of hypopituitarism. However, considerable variations in the prevalence of hypopituitarism are reported. These can partly be explained by severity of trauma and timing of hormonal evaluation, but may also be dependent on endocrine tests and criteria used for diagnosis of hypopituitarism.MethodsSystematic review of studies reporting prevalence of hypopituitarism in adults ≥1 year after TBI focusing on used (dynamic) tests and biochemical criteria.ResultsWe included data from 14 studies with a total of 931 patients. There was considerable variation in definition of hypopituitarism. Overall, reported prevalences of severe GH deficiency varied between 2 and 39%. Prevalences were 8–20% using the GHRH–arginine test (cutoff <9 μg/l), 11–39% using the glucagon test (cutoff 1–5 μg/l), 2% using the GHRH test (no cutoff), and 15–18% using the insulin tolerance test (ITT; cutoff <3 μg/l).Overall, the reported prevalence of secondary adrenal insufficiency had a broad range from 0 to 60%. This prevalence was 0–60% with basal cortisol (cutoff <220 or <440 nmol/l), 7–19% using the ACTH test, and 5% with the ITT as first test (cutoff <500 or <550 nmol/l). Secondary hypothyroidism was present in 0–19% (free thyroxine) or 5–15% (thyroid-releasing hormone stimulation). Secondary hypogonadism was present in 0–29%.ConclusionThe reported variations in the prevalence rates of hypopituitarism after TBI are in part caused by differences in definitions, endocrine assessments of hypopituitarism, and confounding factors. These methodological issues prohibit simple generalizations of results of original studies on TBI-associated hypopituitarism in the perspective of meta-analyses or reviews.
Climate Change and Conservation in Brazil: CGE Evaluation of Health and Wealth Impacts
Authors: Pattanayak Subhrendu K. , Ross Martin T. , Depro Brooks M. , Bauch Simone C. , Timmins Christopher , Wendland Kelly J. , Alger Keith 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Ecosystem services are public goods that frequently constitute the only source of capital for the poor, who lack political voice. As a result, provision of ecosystem services is sub-optimal and estimation of their values is complicated. We examine how econometric estimation can feed computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling to estimate health-related ecosystem values. Against a back drop of climate change, we analyze the Brazilian policy to expand National Forests (FLONAS) by 50 million hectares. Because these major environmental changes can generate spillovers in other sectors, we develop and use a CGE model that focuses on land and labor markets. Compared to climate change and deforestation in the baseline, the FLONAS scenario suggests relatively small declines in GDP, output (including agriculture) and other macro indicators. Urban households will experience declines in their welfare because they own most of the capital and land, which allows them to capture most of the deforestation benefits. In contrast, even though rural households have fewer opportunities for subsistence agriculture and face additional competition with other rural agricultural workers for more limited employment, their welfare improves due to health benefits from conservation of nearby forests. The efficiency vs. equity tradeoffs implied by the FLONAS scenario suggests that health-related ecosystem services will be underprovided if the rural poor are politically weaker than the urban rich. In conclusion, we briefly discuss the pros and cons of the CGE strategy for valuing ecosystem-mediated health benefits and evaluating contemporary policies on climate change mitigation.
Analysis of Revival Phenomenon for Strong-Field Excitation of Rydberg Atom
Authors: Veilande R. , Bersons I. 
Published: September 2009

Analysis of Revival Phenomenon for Strong-Field Excitation of Rydberg AtomThe autocorrelation function for a one-dimensional Rydberg atom irradiated by half-cycle pulse (HCP) is investigated. At weak field only the full revival is observed, at a medium field strength - a fractional revival, whereas at a strong field (when the continuous energy states are also populated) the revival phenomenon disappears. The contribution of the continuous energy states in the autocorrelation function decreases dramatically with time after the wave packet formation.
Stopover Ecology of Some Passerines at Ankara (Central Turkey)
Authors: Keşaplı Can Özge , Can Bilgin Cemal 
Published: September 2009

Stopover Ecology of Some Passerines at Ankara (Central Turkey)
In autumn 2002 we studied little known passerine migration at a woodland patch within the Middle East Technical University (METU) campus in Ankara (Turkey). A total of 954 individuals of 35 passerine species were mist-netted, ringed, measured, weighed and fat-scored (after Busse 2000). Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) and Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) were the two most common species, with 308 and 145 individuals caught, respectively. Both are passage migrants at METU, recorded from mid-August to late October, representing several waves.
Only 11.5% of Blackcaps had the fat score of T6
and above, and among 20 retraps only 2 gained fat significantly. All the other retraps lost fat, stayed the same, or increased 1-2 scores at most. In contrast, Willow Warblers, as true trans-Saharan migrants, had the much higher proportion (46%) of individuals with fat scores of T6
and above. Most retrapped individuals gained fat, some with already high levels stayed the same, while none lost fat. We interpret these data in terms of known migratory ranges, diet types and habitat patch quality.
Although daily catches were low, a diverse range of species used METU as a stopover site. Fat deposition rates (of up to 50% of body weight within a week) suggest that the study site provided a high quality stopover habitat for most migrants. In Central Turkey, such suitable habitats with trees or tall shrubs are scarce, and therefore, crucial for migrants.
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: Experience in Rajshahi Chest Disease Clinic and Chest Disease Hospital
Authors: Hussain Md Wasim , Haque Md Azizul , Banu Salma Arjumand , Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Rahman M Fazlur 
Published: September 2009

The study was carried out to see the prevalence and pattern of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Rajshahi. Twenty five hundred eighty two tuberculosis patients (sputum positive, sputum negative and extrapulmonary) who were diagnosed and treated in between January 1999 and December 2003 in Rajshahi Chest Disease Clinic and Chest Disease Hospital were included in this study. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounted for about 16% of total tuberculosis cases. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was found to be the commonest form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, comprising about 75% of the extrapulmonary cases. Tuberculous pleural effusion was noted in about 9% of cases, intestinal tuberculosis in 7%, bone and joint tuberculosis in 5% and other forms in 4% cases. 24% patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis were afebrile, 14% had normal ESR, and 22% had negative Mantoux test. doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3484 TAJ 2004; 17(1) : 16-19
Primary Segmental Colonic Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Haque MM , Siddique AB , Badruddoza SM , Amin MR , Rahman MG , Hasan MZ , Abedin MJ , Islam M Takbirul 
Published: September 2009

Tuberculosis is known to involve any segment of gastrointestinal tract. While tuberculosis of the small bowel is common, isolated primary tuberculosis of the large bowel is quite uncommon. We report two cases of isolated colonic tuberculosis, successfully treated with primary resection. doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3491 TAJ 2004; 17(1) : 52-54
Anti-Siglec-F Antibody Reduces Allergen-Induced Eosinophilic Inflammation and Airway Remodeling
Authors: Song Dae Jin , Cho Jae Youn , Lee Sang Yeub , Miller Marina , Rosenthal Peter , Soroosh Pejman , Croft Michael , Zhang Mai , Varki Ajit , Broide David H. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Siglec-F is a sialic acid-binding Ig superfamily receptor that is highly expressed on eosinophils. We have investigated whether administration of an anti-Siglec-F Ab to OVA-challenged wild-type mice would reduce levels of eosinophilic inflammation and levels of airway remodeling. Mice sensitized to OVA and challenged repetitively with OVA for 1 mo who were administered an anti-Siglec-F Ab had significantly reduced levels of peribronchial eosinophilic inflammation and significantly reduced levels of subepithelial fibrosis as assessed by either trichrome staining or lung collagen levels. The anti-Siglec-F Ab reduced the number of bone marrow, blood, and tissue eosinophils, suggesting that the anti-Siglec-F Ab was reducing the production of eosinophils. Administration of a F(ab′)2 fragment of an anti-Siglec-F Ab also significantly reduced levels of eosinophilic inflammation in the lung and blood. FACS analysis demonstrated increased numbers of apoptotic cells (annexin V+/CCR3+ bronchoalveolar lavage and bone marrow cells) in anti-Siglec-F Ab-treated mice challenged with OVA. The anti-Siglec-F Ab significantly reduced the number of peribronchial major basic protein+/TGF-β+ cells, suggesting that reduced levels of eosinophil-derived TGF-β in anti-Siglec-F Ab-treated mice contributed to reduced levels of peribronchial fibrosis. Administration of the anti-Siglec-F Ab modestly reduced levels of periodic acid-Schiff-positive mucus cells and the thickness of the smooth muscle layer. Overall, these studies suggest that administration of an anti-Siglec-F Ab can significantly reduce levels of allergen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation and features of airway remodeling, in particular subepithelial fibrosis, by reducing the production of eosinophils and increasing the number of apoptotic eosinophils in lung and bone marrow.
Prevention of Inflammatory Activation of Human Gestational Membranes in an Ex Vivo Model Using a Pharmacological NF-κB Inhibitor
Authors: Keelan Jeffrey A. , Khan Sadiqa , Yosaatmadja Francisca , Mitchell Murray D. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Intrauterine inflammation plays a major role in the etiology of preterm labor and birth. We established an ex vivo model employing perfused full-thickness term gestational membranes to study membrane transport, function, and inflammatory responses. Exposure of the maternal (decidual) face of the membranes to LPS (5 μg/ml) resulted in increased accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the maternal compartment within 4 h, followed by a response in the fetal (amniotic) compartment. Using cytokine arrays, exposure to LPS was found to result in increased secretion of a large number of cytokines and chemokines in both compartments, most notably IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, MDC (macrophage-derived chemokine), MIG (monokine induced by IFN-γ), TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine), TGF-β, and TNF-α. PGE2 accumulation also increased in response to LPS, particularly in the fetal compartment. Cotreatment with sulfasalazine, which inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, had a rapid and marked inhibitory effect on the rate of cytokine accumulation in the maternal compartment, with lesser but significant effects observed in the fetal compartment. While membrane integrity was not discernibly impaired with LPS or sulfasalazine exposure, rates of chorionic apoptosis after 20 h were doubled in sulfasalazine-treated tissues. We conclude that the system described provides a means of accurately modeling human gestational membrane functions and inflammatory activation ex vivo. Decidual LPS exposure was shown to elicit a robust inflammatory response in both the maternal and fetal compartments. Sulfasalazine was an effective antiinflammatory agent in this model, but also exerted proapoptotic effects that raise concerns regarding its placental effects when administered in pregnancy.
MAIL Regulates Human Monocyte IL-6 Production
Authors: Seshadri Sudarshan , Kannan Yashaswini , Mitra Srabani , Parker-Barnes Jennifer , Wewers Mark D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of disorders such as sepsis and cancer. We noted that human monocytes are excellent producers of IL-6 as compared with monocyte-derived macrophages. Because macrophages from molecule containing ankyrin repeats induced by LPS (MAIL) knockout animals have suppressed IL-6 production, we hypothesized that regulation of MAIL is key to IL-6 production in humans and may explain the differences between human monocytes and macrophages. To test this hypothesis fresh human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages were compared for MAIL expression in response to LPS. LPS-induced monocyte MAIL expression was highly inducible and transient. Importantly for our hypothesis MAIL protein expression was suppressed during differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. Of note, the human MAIL protein detected was the 80 kDa MAIL-L form and human MAIL showed nuclear localization. Human MAIL-L bound to p50 subunit of the NF-κB and increased IL-6 luciferase promoter activity in a cEBPβ, NF-κB, and AP-1-dependent fashion. Like the differences in MAIL induction, monocytes produced 6-fold more IL-6 compared with macrophages (81.7 ± 29.7 vs 12.6 ± 6.8 ng/ml). Furthermore, suppression of MAIL by small interfering RNA decreased the production of IL-6 significantly in both THP-1 cells and in primary monocytes. Costimulation of monocytes with LPS and muramyl dipeptide induced an enhanced IL-6 response that was suppressed by siMAIL. Our data suggests that MAIL is a key regulator of IL-6 production in human monocytes and plays an important role in both TLR and NOD-like receptor ligand induced inflammation.
Lymphoid Enhancer Binding Factor 1 Regulates Transcription through Gene Looping
Authors: Yun Kangsun , So Jae-Seon , Jash Arijita , Im Sin-Hyeog 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Efficient transcription depends upon efficient physical and functional interactions between transcriptosome complexes and DNA. We have previously shown that IL-1β-induced lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (Lef1) regulates the transcription of its target genes COX2 and MMP13 in mouse chondrocytes by binding to the Lef1 binding sites located in the 3′ region. In this study, we investigated how the 3′ region-bound Lef1 regulates expression of target genes. IL-1β stimulation induced gene looping in COX2 and MMP13 genomic loci, which is mediated by the physical interaction of Lef1 with its binding partners, including β-catenin, AP-1, and NF-κB. As shown by chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay, the 5′ and 3′ genomic regions of these genes were juxtaposed in an IL-1β-stimulation dependent manner. Lef1 played a pivotal role in this gene looping; Lef1 knockdown decreased the incidence of gene looping, while Lef1 overexpression induced it. Physical interactions between the 3′ region-bound Lef1 and promoter-bound transcription factors AP-1 or NF-κB in COX2 and MMP13, respectively, were increased upon stimulation, leading to synergistic up-regulation of gene expression. Knockdown of RelA or c-Jun decreased the formation of gene loop and down-regulated cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) or matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) transcription levels. However, overexpression of RelA or c-Jun along with Lef1 increased the looping and their expression levels. Our results indicate a novel function of Lef1, as a mediator of gene looping between 5′ and 3′ regions. Gene looping may serve to delineate the transcription unit in the inducible gene transcription of mammalian cells.
Development of Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation in the Absence of T-bet Regulation Is Dependent on IL-17
Authors: Durrant Douglas M. , Gaffen Sarah L. , Riesenfeld Erik P. , Irvin Charles G. , Metzger Dennis W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDysfunctional expression of T-bet, a transcription factor that is critical for IFN-γ production, has been implicated in the development of asthma. To investigate in detail the mechanisms responsible for exacerbated disease in the absence of T-bet expression, BALB/c wild-type (WT) and T-bet−/− mice were used in a murine model of OVA-induced allergic lung inflammation. Following OVA challenge, T-bet−/− mice displayed increased histological inflammation in the lungs as well as greater thickening of the bronchiole linings, increased numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils in the lung, and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, compared with WT mice. However, the production of Th2 cytokines in T-bet−/− mice did not appear to be significantly greater than in WT mice. Interestingly, a marked increase in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 was observed in T-bet−/− mice. Neutralization of pulmonary IL-17 in T-bet−/− mice by anti-IL-17 mAb treatment during OVA challenge resulted in decreased levels of neutrophilic infiltration into the airways and decreased airway inflammation, essentially reversing the development of allergic asthma development. These findings indicate that IL-17 is a key mediator of airway inflammation in the absence of T-bet. The results of this study suggest a possible target for therapeutic intervention of human asthma.