bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms are associated with (sub)clinical psychotic symptoms in patients with non-affective psychotic disorder, siblings and healthy controls
Authors: Klaassen R. M. C. , Heins M. , Luteijn L. B. , van der Gaag M. , van Beveren N. J. M. ,   Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) investigators
Published: July 2012

BackgroundDepression is a clinically relevant dimension, associated with both positive and negative symptoms, in patients with schizophrenia. However, in siblings it is unknown whether depression is associated with subclinical positive and negative symptoms.MethodDepressive symptoms and their association with positive and negative symptoms were examined in 813 healthy siblings of patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder, 822 patients and 527 healthy controls. Depressive episodes meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria (lifetime) and depressed mood (lifetime) were assessed with the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH) in all three groups. In the patient group, the severity of positive and negative psychosis symptoms was assessed with the CASH. In the siblings and healthy controls, the severity of subclinical psychosis symptoms was assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE).ResultsPatients reported more lifetime depressed mood and more depressive episodes than both siblings and controls. Siblings had a higher chance of meeting lifetime depressive episodes than the controls; no significant differences in depressed mood were found between siblings and controls. In all three groups the number and duration of depressive symptoms were associated with (sub)clinical negative symptoms. In the patients and siblings the number of depressive symptoms was furthermore associated with (sub)clinical positive symptoms. Finally, lifetime depressed mood showed familial clustering but this clustering was absent for lifetime depressive episodes.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a co-occurring genetic vulnerability for both depressive and psychotic symptomatology exists on a clinical and a subclinical level.
Tetralogy of Fallot with unilateral absent pulmonary artery
Authors: Ugurlucan Murat , Arslan Ahmet H. , Yildiz Yahya , Ay Sibel , Besikci Resmiye T. , Cicek Sertac 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundTetralogy of Fallot is a common congenital cardiac malformation. A rare subgroup includes unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery, either the left or the right main branch. The literature lacks an established treatment for these cases, and surgical options carry certain mortality and morbidity.Patients and methodsThere were five patients who had single pulmonary artery and received surgical treatment among the 126 patients with the diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot, who were admitted to our institution between July, 2010 and November, 2011. All the patients were male. Ages ranged between 12 months and 8 years. The mean body mass index was 17.1 plus or minus 3.4 kilograms per square metre. Pulmonary artery Nakata index, Nakata index Z-score, and the McGoon index were used for the quantitative assessment of the pulmonary artery and to determine the surgical strategy.ResultsUrgent modified Blalock–Taussig shunt operations were performed in two patients with very low oxygen saturation and haemodynamic instability. These patients are scheduled for corrective procedures on an elective basis. There was one patient who received an elective shunt procedure; however, the post-operative course was complicated with the overflow phenomenon and the patient underwent total correction with a check-valved patch used to close the ventricular septal defect. The patient required extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support in the post-operative period. There were two patients who underwent total correction of the pathology uneventfully. Mortality did not occur. Mean durations of hospital stay and follow-up were 14 plus or minus 13.4 days and 184.5 plus or minus 89.3 days, respectively.ConclusionOur modest series with Tetralogy of Fallot with unilateral absent pulmonary artery indicates the feasibility of surgical correction in patients with appropriate unilateral pulmonary artery size and palliative procedures when the pulmonary artery size is smaller than that predicted for the age. Multi-centre long-term data of larger series are warranted in order to establish a treatment protocol.
The physician–patient relationship in treatment decision making at the end of life: A pilot study of cancer patients in a Southeast Asian society
Authors: Marc Ho Zheng Jie , Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha , Goh Cynthia , Alethea Yee Chung Pheng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:The traditional relationship between patient and physician in East Asian society has often been described as “paternalistic.” However, in an increasingly Westernized world, our knowledge of how patients perceive the role of the physician in their decision making regarding treatment is lacking.Objective:This article is part of a larger pilot study exploring the patient–physician dynamic on decision making among Southeast Asian palliative cancer patients. We explore: (1) influence of physicians, (2) the effect of symptom control and quality of life, and (3) dynamics and communication of physicians.Design:An interviewer-administered questionnaire was distributed, with 18 questions related to physician–patient interactions asked. Most questions followed a three point scale: “agree,” “neutral,” and “disagree,” and spontaneous answers beyond this framework were recorded.Setting/Participants:Thirty patients from the palliative care service were interviewed, including inpatients at Singapore General Hospital and those attending outpatient clinics at the National Cancer Centre.Results:Patients said that they themselves and their physicians were the main influences (80% each), over family members (48.3%). Some patients (26.7%) felt that symptoms were not well controlled, and 42.9% identified low mood or anxiety. Some patients (44.8%) felt that their condition had an effect on decision making. Most patients (89.3%) had a good relationship with the staff, with >80% being comfortable with discussions held. However, 20.7% of patients felt dissatisfied with the information provided, and 62.1% of patients wanted full disclosure of information.Significance of results:Patients appeared to place highest regard in both autonomy and physician input in making decisions, accompanied by an increased desire for more information. These reflect deviation away from traditional thinking of paternalistic doctoring in East Asia.
Global Evaluation of Eph Receptors and Ephrins in Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies EphA4 as an Inhibitor of Cell Migration and Invasion
Authors: Saintigny Pierre , Peng Shaohua , Zhang Li , Sen Banibrata , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Lippman Scott M. , Girard Luc , Minna John D. , Heymach John V. , Johnson Faye M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The Eph family of receptors is the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, but it remains poorly studied in lung cancer. We aimed to systematically explore the human Eph receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, in lung adenocarcinoma. The prognostic impact of Eph receptor and ephrin gene expression was analyzed using 2 independent cohorts of lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression profiles in lung adenocarcinoma compared with normal adjacent lung were studied in 3 independent cohorts and in cell lines. Gene expression profiles were validated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting in cell lines. Functional studies to assess the role of Eph receptor A4 (EphA4) were carried out in vitro. The biological effects of EphA4 in lung cancer cell lines were assayed following overexpression and knockdown. Of the 11 Eph receptors and 8 ephrins analyzed, only EphA4 and ephrin A1 gene expression were consistently associated with an improved outcome in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Expression levels of EphA4 by microarray correlated well with expression levels measured by qPCR and Western blotting. EphA4 overexpression reduced cell migration and invasion but did not affect cell cycle, apoptosis, or drug sensitivity. Surprisingly, EphA4 was expressed at higher levels in cancer compared with non-cancer tissues and cell lines. EphA4 gene expression is associated with an improved outcome in patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma, possibly by affecting cancer cell migration and invasion. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(9); 2021–32. ©2012 AACR.
FcRL5 as a Target of Antibody–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Elkins Kristi , Zheng Bing , Go MaryAnn , Slaga Dionysos , Du Changchun , Scales Suzie J. , Yu Shang-Fan , McBride Jacqueline , de Tute Ruth , Rawstron Andy , Jack Andrew S. , Ebens Allen , Polson Andrew G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Fc receptor-like 5 (FcRL5/FcRH5/IRTA2/CD307) is a surface protein expressed selectively on B cells and plasma cells. We found that FcRL5 was expressed at elevated levels on the surface of plasma cells from the bone marrow of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma. This prevalence in multiple myeloma and narrow pattern of normal expression indicate that FcRL5 could be a target for antibody-based therapies for multiple myeloma, particularly antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), potent cytotoxic drugs linked to antibodies via specialized chemical linkers, where limited expression on normal tissues is a key component to their safety. We found that FcRL5 is internalized upon antibody binding, indicating that ADCs to FcRL5 could be effective. Indeed, we found that FcRL5 ADCs were efficacious in vitro and in vivo but the unconjugated antibody was not. The two most effective consisted of our anti-FcRL5 antibody conjugated through cysteines to monomethylauristatin E (MMAE) by a maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl (MC-vcPAB) linker (anti-FcRL5-MC-vcPAB-MMAE) or conjugated via lysines to the maytansinoid DM4 through a disulfide linker (anti-FcRL5-SPDB-DM4). These two ADCs were highly effective in vivo in combination with bortezomib or lenalidomide, drugs in use for the treatment of multiple myeloma. These data show that the FcRL5 ADCs described herein show promise as an effective treatment for multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(10); 2222–32. ©2012 AACR.
An Optical Probe for Noninvasive Molecular Imaging of Orthotopic Brain Tumors Overexpressing Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Authors: Agnes Richard S. , Broome Ann-Marie , Wang Jing , Verma Anjali , Lavik Kari , Basilion James P. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We have developed a near-infrared (NIR) probe that targets cells overexpressing the EGF receptor (EGFR) for imaging glioblastoma brain tumors in live subjects. A peptide specific for the EGFR was modified with various lengths of monodiscrete polyethylene glycol (PEG) units and a NIR Cy5.5 fluorescence dye. The lead compound, compound 2, with one unit of PEG displayed good binding (8.9 μmol/L) and cellular uptake in glioblastoma cells overexpressing EGFR in vitro. The in vivo studies have shown that the probe was able to selectively label glioblastoma-derived orthotopic brain tumors. In vivo image analyses of peptide binding to the tumors using fluorescence-mediated molecular tomography revealed that the compound could distinguish between tumors expressing different levels of EGFR. The data presented here represent the first demonstration of differential quantitation of tumors expressing EGFR in live animals by a targeted NIR fluorescence probe using a molecular imaging device. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(10); 2202–11. ©2012 AACR.
Patients With the Malignant Profile Within 3 Hours of Symptom Onset Have Very Poor Outcomes After Intravenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Therapy
Authors: Inoue Manabu , Mlynash Michael , Straka Matus , Lansberg Maarten G. , Zaharchuk Greg , Bammer Roland , Albers Gregory W. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
The malignant profile has been associated with poor outcomes after reperfusion in the 3- to 6-hour time window. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and prognostic implications of the malignant profile, as identified by CT perfusion, in intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator-treated patients who were imaged <3 hours from stroke onset.

Methods—
The incidence of the malignant profile, based on the previously published optimal perfusion-weighted imaging definition, was assessed in consecutive patients using a fully automated software program (RApid processing of Perfusion and Diffusion [RAPID]). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was done to identify time to maximum and core volume thresholds that optimally identify patients with poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 5–6).

Results—

Forty-two patients had an interpretable CT perfusion performed within 3 hours of symptom onset. Mean age was 74±14 years and median (interquartile range) National Institutes of Stroke Scale score was 13 (6–19). Four patients (9.5%) met the prespecified criteria for the malignant profile and all 4 had poor outcome. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined that the best CT perfusion measure to identify patients with poor outcome was a cerebral blood flow based infarct core >53 mL (100% specificity and 67% sensitivity). This criterion identified 5 patients as malignant (12%). The poor outcome rate in these patients was 100% versus 7.1% in the 37 nonmalignant patients (
P
<0.001).

Conclusion—
The incidence of the malignant profile on CT perfusion is approximately 10% in tissue-type plasminogen activator-eligible patients imaged within 3 hours of symptom onset. The clinical outcome of these patients is very poor despite intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator therapy.
Intravenous Thrombolysis and Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke With Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Mokin Maxim , Kass-Hout Tareq , Kass-Hout Omar , Dumont Travis M. , Kan Peter , Snyder Kenneth V. , Hopkins L. Nelson , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Levy Elad I. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
Strokes secondary to acute internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion are associated with extremely poor prognosis. The best treatment approach to acute stroke in this setting is unknown. We sought to determine clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke attributable to ICA occlusion treated with intravenous (IV) systemic thrombolysis or intra-arterial endovascular therapy.

Methods—

Using the PubMed database, we searched for studies that included patients with acute ischemic stroke attributable to ICA occlusion who received treatment with IV thrombolysis or intra-arterial endovascular interventions. Studies providing data on functional outcomes beyond 30 days and mortality and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) rates were included in our analysis. We compared the proportions of patients with favorable functional outcomes, sICH, and mortality rates in the 2 treatment groups by calculating χ
2
and confidence intervals for odds ratios.

Results—

We identified 28 studies with 385 patients in the IV thrombolysis group and 584 in the endovascular group. Rates of favorable outcomes and sICH were significantly higher in the endovascular group than the IV thrombolysis-only group (33.6% vs 24.9%,
P
=0.004 and 11.1% vs 4.9%,
P
=0.001, respectively). No significant difference in mortality rate was found between the groups (27.3% in the IV thrombolysis group vs 32.0% in the endovascular group;
P
=0.12).

Conclusions—
According to our systematic review, endovascular treatment of acute ICA occlusion results in improved clinical outcomes. A higher rate of sICH after endovascular treatment does not result in increased overall mortality rate.
Information Sharing and Stock Market Participation: Evidence from Extended Families
Authors: Li Geng 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we document that controlling for observable characteristics, household investors' likelihood of entering the stock market within the ensuing five years is about 20% to 30% higher if their parents or children had entered the stock market during the previous five years. By eliminating competing hypotheses such as preference similarity and herding, we argue that these findings highlight the significance of information sharing regarding household financial decisions.
Competition Policy and Productivity Growth: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Buccirossi Paolo , Ciari Lorenzo , Duso Tomaso , Spagnolo Giancarlo , Vitale Cristiana 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This paper estimates the impact of competition policy on total factor productivity growth for 22 industries in twelve OECD countries over 1995 to 2005. We find a positive and significant effect of competition policy as measured by created indexes. We provide results based on instrumental variables estimators and heterogeneous effects to support the causal nature of the established link. The effect is particularly strong for specific aspects of competition policy related to its institutional setup and antitrust activities. It is also strengthened by good legal systems, suggesting complementarities between competition policy and the efficiency of law enforcement institutions.
Income and Health Spending: Evidence from Oil Price Shocks
Authors: Acemoglu Daron , Finkelstein Amy , Notowidigdo Matthew J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Health expenditures as a share of GDP in the United States have more than tripled over the past half-century. A common conjecture is that this is a consequence of rising income. We investigate this hypothesis by instrumenting for local area income with time series variation in oil prices interacted with local oil reserves. This strategy enables us to capture both partial equilibrium and local general equilibrium effects of income on health expenditures. Our central income elasticity estimate is 0.7, with 1.1 as the upper end of the 95% confidence interval, which suggests that rising income is unlikely to be a major driver of the rising health expenditure share of GDP.
Gender, Competitiveness, and Socialization at a Young Age: Evidence From a Matrilineal and a Patriarchal Society
Authors: Andersen Steffen , Ertac Seda , Gneezy Uri , List John A. , Maximiano Sandra 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Recent literature presents evidence that men are more competitively inclined than women. Since top-level careers usually require competitiveness, competitiveness differences provide an explanation for gender gaps in wages and differences in occupational choice. A natural question is whether women are born less competitive or whether they become so through the process of socialization. To pinpoint when in the socialization process the difference arises, we compare the competitiveness of children in matrilineal and patriarchal societies. We find that while there is no difference at any age in the matrilineal society, girls become less competitive around puberty in the patriarchal society.
Atmospheric Available Energy
Authors: Bannon Peter R. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The total potential energy of the atmosphere is the sum of its internal and gravitational energies. The portion of this total energy available to be converted into kinetic energy is determined relative to an isothermal, hydrostatic, equilibrium atmosphere that is convectively and dynamically “dead.” The temperature of this equilibrium state is determined by minimization of a generalized Gibbs function defined between the atmosphere and its equilibrium. Thus, this function represents the maximum amount of total energy that can be converted into kinetic energy and, hence, the available energy of the atmosphere. This general approach includes the effects of terrain, moisture, and hydrometeors. Applications are presented for both individual soundings and idealized baroclinic zones. An algorithm partitions the available energy into available baroclinic and available convective energies. Estimates of the available energetics of the general circulation suggest that atmospheric motions are primarily driven by moist and dry fluxes of exergy from the earth’s surface with an efficiency of about two-thirds.
Tropical Intraseasonal Variability in Version 3 of the GFDL Atmosphere Model
Authors: Benedict James J. , Maloney Eric D. , Sobel Adam H. , Frierson Dargan M. , Donner Leo J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Tropical intraseasonal variability is examined in version 3 of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Atmosphere Model (AM3). In contrast to its predecessor AM2, AM3 uses a new treatment of deep and shallow cumulus convection and mesoscale clouds. The AM3 cumulus parameterization is a mass-flux-based scheme but also, unlike that in AM2, incorporates subgrid-scale vertical velocities; these play a key role in cumulus microphysical processes. The AM3 convection scheme allows multiphase water substance produced in deep cumuli to be transported directly into mesoscale clouds, which strongly influence large-scale moisture and radiation fields. The authors examine four AM3 simulations using a control model and three versions with different modifications to the deep convection scheme. In the control AM3, using a convective closure based on CAPE relaxation, both MJO and Kelvin waves are weak relative to those in observations. By modifying the convective closure and trigger assumptions to inhibit deep cumuli, AM3 produces reasonable intraseasonal variability but a degraded mean state. MJO-like disturbances in the modified AM3 propagate eastward at roughly the observed speed in the Indian Ocean but up to 2 times the observed speed in the west Pacific Ocean. Distinct differences in intraseasonal convective organization and propagation exist among the modified AM3 versions. Differences in vertical diabatic heating profiles associated with the MJO are also found. The two AM3 versions with the strongest intraseasonal signals have a more prominent “bottom heavy” heating profile leading the disturbance center and “top heavy” heating profile following the disturbance. The more realistic heating structures are associated with an improved depiction of moisture convergence and intraseasonal convective organization in AM3.
Removal of water extractable proteins from concentrated natural rubber latex by eggshells
Authors: Tangboriboon Nuchnapa , Phudkrachang Prapaphan , Mulsow La-orngdow , Kunchornsup Wissawin , Sirivat Anuvat 
Published: July 2012

The protein allergy caused by latex products has become an acute problem to human and animals; sweat removes proteins, which then comes in contact with the skin causing the sensitization or allergic reactions. Eggshells from chickens, ducks, and birds are potential starting materials to be used in reducing the water extractable proteins in concentrated natural rubber latex (NRL). The pyrolysis of eggshells at 900°C for 2 h transforms the crystal structure of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide with a high purity, creates a small and uniform particle size, a suitable specific surface area, and an average pore diameter that is suitable for reacting with hydrochloric acid to obtain calcium chloride (CaCl2). The additions of CaCl2 solution and sodium dodecyl sulphate into concentrated NRL are shown and reported here to extract effectively the proteins from the NRL film.