bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Churches and the Charities on the Brandt Report
Authors: Laishley Roy 
Published: August 2010

Summary The public response in Britain to the Brandt Report has been remarkably strong. The Report's moral language and its argument for an equitable and secure world economy have acted as a rallying call for the development NGOs. Their activities over the past year are described. The differences in attitude among the NGOs towards the recommendations of the Brandt Report have not mattered so far, but may become more prominent as the lobbying comes down to specific issues.Resume Les églises et les oeuvres de bienfaisance commentent le rapport BrandtL'audience du rapport Brandt a été particulièrement impressionnante en Grande‐Bretagne. Le souci moral dont il fait preuve et son raisonnement en faveur d'une économie mondiale plus sûre et plus équitable ont rallié à sa cause les ONG s'occupant du développement. Leurs activités de l'année passée sont décrites. Les divergences de vues des ONG à l'égard des recommandations de la Commission n'importent pas jusqu'ici mais elles pourraient s'affirmer au fur et à mesure que s'accentuent les pressions qui s'exercent sur certaines questions spécifiques.Resumen Las iglesias y la beneficencia en el Informe BrandtLa respuesta del público en la Gran Bretaña al Informe Brandt ha sido extraordinariamente fuerte. El lenguaje moral del Informe y su argumento en pro de una economía mundial equitativa y segura han actuado como Ilamada de agrupamiento para la evolución de las organizaciones no gubernamentales. Se describen sus actividades en el curso del año pasado. Hasta la fecha no han tenido importancia las diferencias de actitud prevalecientes entre las organizaciones no gubernamentales hacia las recomendaciones del Informe Brandt, pero pueden hacerse más prominentes a medida que las presiones que se ejercen se concentren en aspectos concretos.
The Brandt Report
Authors: Stewart Frances 
Published: August 2010

Summary The Brandt Report is coherent and well presented and it contains some important and substantive conclusions. The proposals on individual topics are summarised. But it is difficult to believe that much will change as a result, partly because the coverage is so extensive and inevitably superficial. The fact that members of the Commission were formerly, rather than actually in political power reduces the significance of the proposals. The concept of mutuality of interests is less powerful than is suggested in the Report.Resume Le rapport BrandtLe rapport Brandt, dont les propositions sont résumées, est cohérent et bien présenté et il contient des conclusions dont il faut tenir compte. Mais il est difficile de croire qu'il apportera des changements concrets car il embrasse un très large éventail de questions, et demeure de ce fait superficiel. Le fait que les membres de la Commission sont des hommes politiques qui ne sont plus au pouvoir réduit par ailleurs l'importance de leurs propositions. La notion de réciprocité des intérêts en jeu est moins réelle que ne le suggère le rapport.Resumen El Informe BrandtEl Informe Brandt es coherente y está bien presentado, además de contener algunas conclusiones importantes y fundamentales. Se resumen las propuestas sobre temas individuales; pero es difícil creer que las cosas cambien mucho como resultado de dicho Informe, en parte debido a que su alcance es tan amplio que tiene que ser por fuerza superficial. El hecho de que los miembros de la Comisión estuvieran anteriormente, más que en la actualidad, en posiciones de poder político, reduce la importancia de las propuestas. El concepto de la mutualidad de intereses es menos potente de lo que se sugiere en el Informe.
Surviving in the Suburbios
Authors: Moser Caroline 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY The form of women's participation in casual work and its implications in terms of their subordination is determined by a complex inter‐relationship of economic and non‐economic (specifically ideological) factors. This paper uses a case study from Guayaquil, Ecuador, to examine the function and importance of women's work in the survival strategies of low‐income households, in a situation where the majority of men are excluded from secure ‘formal’ wage‐sector employment.RESUME Survivre dans les ‘Suburbios’Le mode de participation des femmes au travail occasionnel et ses conséquences en termes de subordination sont déterminés par un réseau complexe de facteurs économiques et non économiques (spécifiquement idéologiques). Cet article part d'une étude de cas sur Guayaquil (Equateur) pour examiner la fonction et l'importance du travail féminin dans les stratégies de survie des ménages à faibles revenus, dans une situation où la majorité des hommes sont exclus de l'emploi ‘formel’ présentant une certaine sécurité.RESUMEN La supervivencia en los suburbiosLa forma de participación de las mujeres en el trabajo fortuito y sus repercusiones en relación con su subordinación depende de una compleja relación reciproca de factores económicos y no económicos (concretamente, los ideológicos). En este articulo se recurre a un estudio de un caso procedente de Guayaquil, Ecuador, para examinar la función y la importancia del trabajo de las mujeres en las estrategias de supervivencia de los hogares de bajos ingresos, en una situación donde la mayoría de los hombres están excluidos de empleo seguro en el sector “oficial” asalariado.
Invisible Threads
Authors: Allen Sheila 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY This article explores some aspects of the widespread, though largely invisible, labour of people (mainly women) working for wages in their own homes. It is argued that this labour is an essential part of capitalist production, providing a flexible and cheap form of labour for a wide range of manufacturing industry. Its continued existence is not explicable by the characteristics of the workers, though some are relevant to understanding the low level of wages imposed on a fragmented and completely unprotected labour force.RESUME Des fils invisiblesCet article explore certains aspects du travail à domicile (le plus souvent féminin), phénomène très répandu mais pratiquement invisible. L'auteur soutient qu'il constitue une part essentielle de la production capitaliste, four n issant une main‐d'oeuvre adaptable et bon marché à de nombreuses industries manufacturières. Sa persistance ne s'explique pas par les caractéristiques des travailleurs, bien que certaines permettent de comprendre le faible niveau des salaires imposés à une force de travail fragmentée et sans protection aucune.RESUMEN Hilos invisiblesEn este artículo se exploran algunos aspectos del extendido, aunque en gran parte invisible, trabajo de gente (principalmente mujeres) que trabajan a jornal en sus propios hogares. Se alega que este trabajo es una parte fundamental de la producción capitalista y provee una forma flexible y barata de mano de obra para una amplia gama de la industria manufacturera. Su continuada existencia no se puede explicar por medio de las características de los trabajadores, aunque algunas permiten comprender el bajo nivel de salarios impuesto en una mano de obra fragmentaria y completamente desprovista de protección.
Electronics and Industrial Development
Authors: Braun Ernest 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Electronics related technologies are becoming so central to industrial development that many developing countries are tempted to make them the cornerstone of their future strategies, as the steel industry was in the post‐decolonisation era. However, it is important to distinguish between the different sub‐sectors of the industry. In some, for example semiconductors, the innovation of automated technologies looks likely to erode the established comparative advantage of developing countries with low wage costs. In other sectors, such as consumer electronics, the signs look more hopeful. The high costs (both monetary and skilled labour) of entering the industry caution against misplaced strategies which emphasise the expansion of inappropriate sub‐sectors in developing countries.RESUME L'électronique et le développement industrielLes techniques liées à l'électronique orientant désormais le développement industriel, maints PVD sont tentés d'en faire la pierre angulaire de leurs stratégies, analogue en cela à la sidérurgie qui avait dominé l'ère postérieure à la décolonisation. Il faut toutefois distinguer différents secteurs dans cette industrie. Dans celui des semi‐conducteurs, les progrès techniques sont susceptibles d'éroder l'avantage relatif dont jouissent les PVD à faibles coûts salariaux. La perspective est plus encourageante pour d'autres secteurs, tels que les appareils de consommation. Les coûts d'investissement élevés (monétaires et de main‐d'oeuvre qualifiée) constituent toutefois une mise en garde contre l'expansion de secteurs inappropriés aux PVD.RESUMEN La electrónica y el desarrollo industrialLas tecnologías relacionadas con la electrónica están siendo tan centrales para el desarrollo industrial que numerosos países en vías de desarrollo se ven tentados de hacerlas la piedra clave de sus estrategias futuras, como ocurrió con la industria siderúrgica en la época posterior a la descolonización. No obstante, es importante distinguir entre los diferentes sectores secundarios de la industria. En algunos, por ejemplo el de los semiconductores, la innovación de las tecnologías automatizadas parece susceptible de reducir la ventaja comparativa establecida en los países en vías de desarrollo con bajos costos salariales. En otros sectores, tales como la electrónica de los artículos de consumo, las indicaciones parecen más esperanzadoras. Los elevados costos (tanto monetarios como de mano de obra especializada) que representa la entrada en la industria aconsejan cautela contra estrategias mal dirigidas que ponen de relieve la expansión de sectores secundarios inapropiados en los países en vías de desarrollo.
Long-Term Stress Analysis of Plastic Pipe Reinforced by Cross-Wound Steel Wire
Authors: Li Xiang , Zheng Jinyang , Qin Yongquan , Xu Ping 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPlastic pipe reinforced by cross helically wound steel wires, namely, PSP, is a new plastic-matrix steel composite pipe developed in China recently, were theoretically and experimentally investigated herein. Although the steel wires carry most of the loading in a linear elastic way, time-dependent behavior was demonstrated in PSP, and was then the subject of further analysis and description. Based on the structural features of PSP and the viscoelastic behaviors of the matrix, a three-layer viscoelastic model was proposed to identify time-dependent elastic stresses and strains for PSP subjected to internal pressure. The experimental results showed that the hoop strain decreased slowly, while the axial strain increased by 0.16% in 14,000 min at constant internal pressure. Good agreement between theoretical results and experimental data demonstrated that the three-layer viscoelastic model was able to predict the time-dependent relationship of stress and strain. Finally, the effects of the steel-wire volume fraction and the winding angle on the creep behavior of PSPs subjected to an internal pressure were analyzed.
Evolving role of cardiac CT in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease
Authors: Yerramasu Ajay , Venuraju Shreenidhi , Lahiri Avijit 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT
Non-invasive assessment of coronary artery patency has been attempted with different imaging modalities over the last few decades. The continuous motion of the heart, the respiratory movement, together with the small and tortuous nature of the coronary arteries, made this a technically challenging task. Over the last decade, significant advances in computed tomography (CT) technology helped CT coronary angiography (CTCA) to evolve as a non-invasive alternative to conventional catheter based coronary angiography. Clinical experience with CTCA has since grown rapidly and led to its acceptance as a useful diagnostic technique for coronary artery disease in certain patient populations. Recently, there has been exponential growth in the availability and use of CTCA in several centres across the world. In order to appreciate the potential impact of CTCA on current clinical practice, it is important to understand its advantages and limitations and its clinical performance in comparison with established techniques.
Concurrent comparison of epidemiology, clinical presentation and outcome between adult patients suffering from the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus and the seasonal influenza A virus infection
Authors: To Kelvin K W , Wong Samson S Y , Li Iris W S , Hung Ivan F N , Tse Herman , Woo Patrick C Y , Chan Kwok-Hung , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Purpose of study
The demographics, clinical features and outcome of patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection were compared with a concurrent cohort of patients with seasonal influenza A infection.

Study design
The clinical and microbiological data of hospitalised adult patients admitted between 29 June and 28 October 2009, with pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 or seasonal influenza A infection, were analysed.

Results
A total of 186 patients including 69 pandemic A (H1N1) and 117 seasonal influenza were analysed. The majority (75%) under 50 years of age had pandemic A (H1N1). Compared with seasonal influenza, pandemic A (H1N1) patients were younger (median age 47 years vs 76 years, p&lt;0.001), less likely to have lower respiratory tract symptoms (46.4% vs 66.7%, p=0.007), but more likely to be obese (5.8% vs 0%, p=0.018), pregnant (7.2% vs 0.9%, p=0.027) or have no underlying predisposing factors (24.6% vs 5.1%, p&lt;0.001). Patients with pandemic A (H1N1) were more likely to receive oseltamivir (91.3% vs 40.2%, p&lt;0.001), but less likely to receive antibiotics (75.4% vs 90.6%, p=0.005). Respiratory failure was the reason for intensive care unit admission for all four patients with pandemic A (H1N1), but only for one of three patients with seasonal influenza. There were no statistical significant differences in the rate of intensive care unit admission or death.

Conclusions
In addition to age, several clinical parameters were different between pandemic A (H1N1) and seasonal influenza. However, since both seasonal and pandemic influenza can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, the impact of pre-existing seasonal influenza should not be underestimated during the pandemic period.
Characterisation and potential diagnostic value of circulating matrix Gla protein (MGP) species
Authors: Cranenburg Ellen , Koos Ralf , Schurgers Leon , Magdeleyns Elke , Schoonbrood Thea , Landewé Robert , Brandenburg Vincent , Bekers Otto , Vermeer Cees 
Published: August 2010

SummaryMatrix γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) protein (MGP) is an important local inhibitor of vascular calcification, which can undergo two post-translational modifications: vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamate carboxylation and serine phosphorylation. While carboxylation is thought to have effects upon binding of calcium-ions, phosphorylation is supposed to affect the cellular release of MGP. Since both modifications can be exerted incompletely, various MGP species can be detected in the circulation. MGP levels were measured with two commercially available competitive and two novel sandwich assays in healthy controls, in patients with rheumatic disease, aortic valve disease, and end-stage renal disease, as well as in volunteers after vitamin K supplementation (VKS) and treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Major differences were found between the MGP assays, including significantly different behaviour with regard to vascular disease and the response to VKA and VKS. The dual-antibody assay measuring non-phosphorylated, non-carboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) was particularly sensitive for these changes and would be suited to assess the vascular vitamin K status. We conclude that the different assays for particular circulating MGP species allows the assessment of various aspects of the MGP system.
High platelet turnover and reactivity in renal transplant recipients patients
Authors: Marcucci Rossella , Gori Anna Maria , Caporale Roberto , Fanelli Alessandra , Paniccia Rita , Zanazzi Maria , Bertoni Elisabetta , Larti Aida , Salvadori Maurizio , Gensini Gian Franco , Abbate Rosanna , Cesari Francesca 
Published: August 2010

SummaryRenal transplant recipients (RTRs) patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed this study to assess reticulated platelets (RP), platelet reactivity and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels in RTRs patients. In 150 RTRs patients [84 (56%) not on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment, group A; 66 (44%) on ASA 100 mg treatment, group B] and in 60 healthy control subjects, RP were measured by a Sysmex XE-2100 and were expressed as the percentage of RP of the total optical platelet count (immature platelet fraction; IPF), as the percentage of RP highly fluorescent (H-IPF) and as the absolute number of RP (IPF#). Platelet function was assessed by optical aggregometry (PA) induced by 1 mmol arachidonic acid (AA-PA), 2 and 10 μM ADP (ADP2-PA and ADP10-PA) and 2 μg/ml collagen (Coll-PA). vWF levels were measured by using a miniVidas analyser. Group A and group B showed significant higher values of RP than controls. At a multiple linear regression analysis IPF and IPF# were significantly and positively related to collagen-PA. By analysing group B according to residual platelet reactivity (RPR), we observed a significant higher number of RP among patients with RPR by collagen. Moreover at a multiple logistic regression analysis, IPF# significantly affected the risk of having a RPR by collagen. With regard to vWF, RTRs patients showed higher levels than control subjects. We documented a higher platelet turn-over in both groups of RTRs patients and increased platelet reactivity in RTRs patients not on ASA therapy than controls.
The role of CD154 in haematopoietic development
Authors: Seijkens Tom , Engel David , Tjwa Marc , Lutgens Esther 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCD154 (CD40 ligand, CD40L, gp139) is a co-stimulatory molecule of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family. CD154 was originally discovered on T-cells, and was found to be involved in many immune responses including B-cell activation, isotype switching, and germinal centre formation. The expression of CD154 on other haematopoietic and nonhaematopoietic cells suggests that CD154 has other functions as well. Indeed, CD154 is involved in many pathological processes, including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Genetic studies in patients and mice taught us that CD154 might affect haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), T-cell, B-cell, and dendritic cell (DC) progenitors. Moreover, the development of specific T-cell and DC subsets critically depends on CD154. Furthermore, CD154 is involved in lymphoid malignancies. Here we highlight the role of CD154 in the developing lymphoid system, including the biology of HSPC and lineage-committed T-cell, B-cell, NK, and DC progenitors. Further, the clinical and therapeutic implications of CD154 interactions in lymphopoiesis will be discussed.
Inhibition of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Reduces Inflammation After Coronary Vascular Injury in Humans
Authors: Sarov-Blat Lea , Morgan John M. , Fernandez Pedro , James Rachel , Fang Zixing , Hurle Mark R. , Baidoo Charlotte , Willette Robert N. , Lepore John J. , Jensen Svend E. , Sprecher Dennis L. 
Published: August 2010

Objective—To evaluate whether a p38α/β mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, SB-681323, would limit the elevation of an inflammatory marker, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods and Results—Coronary artery stents provide benefit by maintaining lumen patency but may incur vascular trauma and inflammation, leading to myocardial damage. A key mediator for such stress signaling is p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease receiving stable statin therapy and about to undergo PCI were randomly selected to receive SB-681323, 7.5 mg (n=46), or placebo (n=46) daily for 28 days, starting 3 days before PCI. On day 3, before PCI, hsCRP was decreased in the SB-681323 group relative to the placebo group (29% lower;P=0.02). After PCI, there was a statistically significant attenuation in the increase in hsCRP in the SB-681323 group relative to the placebo group (37% lower on day 5 [P=0.04]; and 40% lower on day 28 [P=0.003]). There were no adverse safety signals after 28 days of treatment with SB-681323.Conclusion—In the setting of statin therapy, SB-681323 significantly attenuated the post-PCI inflammatory response, as measured by hsCRP. This inflammatory dampening implicates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the poststent response, potentially defining an avenue to limit poststent restenosis.
Receptor-Independent Cardiac Protein Kinase Cα Activation by Calpain-Mediated Truncation of Regulatory Domains
Authors: Kang Min-Young , Zhang Yan , Matkovich Scot J. , Diwan Abhinav , Chishti Athar H. , Dorn Gerald W. 
Published: August 2010

Rationale:Protein kinase (PK)Cs and calpain cysteine proteases are highly expressed in myocardium. Ischemia produces calcium overload that activates calpains and conventional PKCs. However, calpains can proteolytically process PKCs, and the potential in vivo consequences of this interaction are unknown.Objective:To determine the biochemical and pathophysiological consequences of calpain-mediated cardiac PKCα proteolysis.Methods and Results:Isolated mouse hearts subjected to global ischemia/reperfusion demonstrated cleavage of PKCα. Calpain 1 overexpression was not sufficient to produce PKCα cleavage in normal hearts, but ischemia-induced myocardial PKCα cleavage and myocardial injury were greatly increased by cardiac-specific expression of calpain 1. In contrast, calpain 1 gene ablation or inhibition with calpastatin prevented ischemia/reperfusion induced PKCα cleavage; infarct size was decreased and ventricular function enhanced in infarcted calpain 1 knockout hearts. To determine consequences of PKCα fragmentation on myocardial protein phosphorylation, transgenic mice were created conditionally expressing full-length PKCα or its N-terminal and C-terminal calpain 1 cleavage fragments. Two-dimensional mapping of ventricular protein extracts showed a distinct PKCα phosphorylation profile that was exaggerated and distorted in hearts expressing the PKCα C-terminal fragment. MALDI mass spectroscopy revealed hyperphosphorylation of myosin-binding protein C and phosphorylation of atypical substrates by the PKCα C-terminal fragment. Expression of parent PKCα produced a mild cardiomyopathy, whereas myocardial expression of the C-terminal PKCα fragment induced a disproportionately severe, rapidly lethal cardiomyopathy.Conclusions:Proteolytic processing of PKCα by calcium-activated calpain activates pathological cardiac signaling through generation of an unregulated and/or mistargeted kinase. Production of the PKCα C-terminal fragment in ischemic hearts occurs via a receptor-independent mechanism.