bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourette Syndrome in the Classroom: Special Problems, Special Needs
Authors: Stefl Mary E. , Rubin Milton 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTTourette Syndrome (TS) is an uncommon developmental disability characterized by repetitive and involuntary verbal and motor tics. A survey of all known affiliates of the Tourette Syndrome Association of Ohio was conducted to document the special problems and needs of the TS student. A total of 431 questionnaires was returned, and the types and frequency of interpersonal and academic school problems were found to be pervasive. Problems did not differ by grade level, but students medicating their TS symptoms experienced more problems. In most cases, current students described similar problems to adults, suggesting that recent attempts to provide optimal educational opportunities to all handicapped children have not been successful where TS is involved. The presence of a behavioral or learning disability diagnosis indicated that substantial percentages of respondents were in need of specialized educational services, but not all those in need were receiving them. Parents were generally satisfied with their child's education, but less satisfied when specialized education was involved. Suggestions are offered for more effectively dealing with the TS child in the classroom.
The Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Children Living in an Unincorporated Area in Rural Northern Florida
Authors: Adams Ruth T. , Perkin Judy E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in 65 native‐born preschool and school‐age children living in an unincorporated area of northern Florida. Fifty‐seven percent of the children were found to be infected with intestinal parasites. Sixty‐eight percent of males surveyed and 47% of females had either single or multiple infections. Prevalence was greatest in the five‐10‐year‐old age group. For the total child population surveyed, parasitic infections in order of most to least prevalent were ascariasis (32%); giardiasis (29%); trichuriasis (14%); and hookworm (2%).
The Assessment of Bulimia in High School Students
Authors: Maceyko Sandra J. , Nagelberg Daniel B. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study attempted to: estimate the prevalence of bulimia among a sample of high school students; identify demographic variables associated with the disorder; and identify possible personality variables associated with bulimia. Based on the DSM‐III criteria for bulimia, each of 257 students who participated in the study was assigned to one of three groups; 12 students (4.7%) were identified as bulimic, 88 (34.2%) as binge eaters, and 157 (61.1%) as normal eaters. Gender was the only demographic variable significantly associated with group, and all 12 of the bulimic students were female (7.1% of the female students). Personality differences were assessed with the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). On two of the scales, female students identified as bulimic and binge eaters scored significantly lower than students identified as normal eaters, indicating poorer adjustment. In males, none of the scales discriminated between the binge eater and normal eater groups. Results are discussed in the context of mental health needs among adolescents and high school students.
Health Concerns and Teacher Training of Selected Elementary Teachers in Michigan
Authors: Davis Christine , Jelsma Nancy M. , Van Valey Thomas L. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTWith reductions in the number of school‐based health personnel, increased responsibility for the identification of health problems falls to the classroom teacher. This paper describes a survey of the level of health‐related training among a sample of elementary teachers in a Michigan intermediate school district, with the teachers' perceptions of their ability to recognize and deal with selected student health problems. Though some differences existed between classroom and other teachers, and between veteran and newly‐trained teachers, the overall results were clear — elementary teachers are not well‐prepared for their expanded role. This fact was especially true for more difficult to recognize and potentially more serious health problems such as injury to the head and substance abuse, where teachers expressed considerable discomfort with their ability and lack of preparation. Several recommendations are offered relating to the need for health training.
Evaluation of American Cancer Society Elementary School Public Education Programs
Authors: Pigg R. Morgan , Bailey William J. , Seffrin John R. , Torabi Mohammad R. , Lave Janice S. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA comprehensive evaluation of two American Cancer Society (ACS) curriculum programs, An Early Start to Good Health (grades K‐3) and Health Network (grades four‐six), was conducted to assess the impact of the materials on student health knowledge, attitude, and behavior and to determine procedures and practices employed by teachers in utilizing the materials. The materials were tested with 26 classroom teachers and 660 children in grades K‐6, and the material utilization practices of an additional 356 teachers in 27 schools were examined. Findings from the evaluation suggest that the two programs are effective in promoting child health education, but questions were raised concerning the ACS requirements for teacher training and the Usage Report Card system of documentation.
Regulatory Considerations When Children are Involved as Subjects in Research
Authors: Porter Joan P. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTInvestigators planning research projects face a myriad of considerations including careful review of the literature, study design, selection of subject population, analysis of data, financial and administrative support, and publishing the data. One area for careful thought by those contemplating research in educational settings is the regulatory requirements that may apply when human subjects–children or students in particular–are involved in the research. This article describes the applicability and some basic provisions of US Dept. of Health and Human Services (DHHS) regulations for the protection of human subjects, requirements for informed consent, and some additional protections for children involved in research. Suggestions for preparing a grant application for DHHS support and sources of additional information also are included.
Methodologic Issues in Self‐Report of Health Behavior
Authors: Baranowski Tom 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTSelf‐reports of behavior are the most commonly used method for collecting outcome data in health education programs, but they are subject to a variety of sources of measurement error. Problems of measurement in some recently reported education program evaluations are identified, and a model is proposed to identify systematically the major influences for accuracy of self‐reported measures of behavior. Several methodologic studies on the skill aspect of self‐report form completion are briefly described, and eight steps to promote more accurate self‐report of health behaviors are proposed.
Screening for Risk Factors as a Component of a Chronic Disease Prevention Program for Youth
Authors: Walter Heather J. , Connelly Patricia A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTScreening for risk factors within the framework of a chronic disease prevention program for youth can enhance both the educational and evaluative impact of the program. Screening results can provide the focus for curriculum development and the impetus for health‐related behavior change. Program evaluation is facilitated by the use of screening results as objective outcome data regarding health status. The implementation of medical screening as a component of a chronic disease prevention program is described, and issues related to educational and evaluative impact are discussed.
An Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment Techniques on the Impact of the SERR Curriculum
Authors: Christenson Pamela D. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study measured the effectiveness of a smoking risk reduction program for sixth grade students using a pretest/posttest control group design with the addition of a nonequivalent control group. Knowledge of the health consequences of smoking, decision‐making, resistance‐to‐persuasion skills, and tobacco use were analyzed quantitatively; program implementation, participant views of the program, and program effects were analyzed qualitatively; and the quantitative data were analyzed in terms of its consistency with the qualitative data. Analysis of quantitative results revealed significant differences between groups on the smoking knowledge test, decision‐making skills, and resistance‐to‐persuasion skills. Qualitative results not only substantiated quantitative results, but also revealed overall participant satisfaction with the program. They also indicated the need for a close working relationship between teachers, state and local health educators, reorganization of the curriculum, and relinquishing of curriculum to school districts for self‐scheduling and organization. Utilization of both methods of analysis yielded a closer estimate of total program impact than if only method of analysis had been used.
Use of Statistics in the Journal of School Health 1979–1983: A Content Analysis
Authors: Rudolph Alice , McDermott Robert J. , Gold Robert S. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA content analysis of the statistical methods employed in the research/evaluation articles published in Volumes 49–53 of the Journal of School Health (JOSH) was performed. Questions addressed included: To what extent does JOSH publish articles having a research/evaluation theme? Does knowledge of a few basic statistical techniques provide access to the statistical components of a high percentage of the research/evaluation reports published in JOSH? Which additional, but more complex techniques are used most often by authors? Results indicated that, to have access to the statistical content of about three‐fourths of the research/evaluation reports published in JOSH, a reader would have to have learned descriptive statistics, analysis of contingency tables, analysis of variance, t‐tests, and multiple comparison tests. Knowledge of these and other statistical procedures might assist school health practitioners read research/evaluation reports, and adapt the findings to their respective work settings. Moreover, content analyses can be tools for assessing the state‐of‐the‐art of a profession, as well as helping to plan for practitioners' continuing education needs.
Diagnosing Boredom, Confusion, and Adaptation in School Children
Authors: Frick Sandra B. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTAn instrument was developed to determine if middle‐school children could be diagnosed as being in a bored, confused, or adaptive state of mind. Boredom and confusion were viewed as maladaptive states. Reliability was demonstrated for the boredom, confusion, and adaptation subscales. Indications of validity were obtained for the three subscales. Boredom, confusion, and adaptation subscale scores were correlated with standardized achievement test scores and with teacher grades in academic subject areas for 136 sixth and seventh grade students. Confusion scores correlated significantly and negatively with eight of nine standardized achievement test scores, and with two of four teacher grades in academic subject areas. All correlations obtained were in the expected directions. Implications for interventions, especially in the diagnosis of confusion, are discussed.
A Cost‐Benefit Analysis of Preparticipation Sports Examinations of Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Risser William L. , Hoffman Harold M. , Bellah G. Gordon , Green Lawrence W. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA cost‐benefit analysis of preparticipation sports exams of 763 adolescents was based on data from parallel programs conducted on affluent white and indigent black populations. After initial exams, 16 athletes (2.1%) were referred for further evaluation before participation was allowed; 15 of 16 reported their problems on the history form. Two were disqualified and one was treated. The cost of identifying the three athletes with significant problems was $4,537 per athlete. An additional 163 athletes (21.6%) had significant medical problems unrelated to safe sports participation and 89% of students sought routine health care only to obtain permission to play sports. Preparticipation sports exams have an unfavorable cost‐benefit ratio even if costs are carefully controlled. The ratio might be improved if significant health problems not relevant to safe sports participation are sought or if exams are limited to athletes with positive responses on a preliminary history form.
Calcium Intake: A Lifelong Proposition
Authors: Amschler Denise H. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe need for significant amounts of calcium in the diets of growing children has been well‐documented. However, recent evidence suggests that calcium continues to play a vital role in the body throughout life and that current RDAs for calcium need to be increased. This article reviews the current problem of low calcium intake in the United States among all age groups, the role of calcium in the formation and maintenance of bone mass, and major factors influencing calcium absorption. The specific problem of calcium deficiency and osteoporosis is discussed and current recommendations for RDAs are provided. The importance of the individual building as much bone mass as possible prior to the age of 30 is discussed.
Community Organization in a School Health Education Program to Reduce Sodium Consumption
Authors: McKay Ruth B. , Levine David M. , Bone Lee R. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the important role of community organization in providing the enabling and reinforcing factors necessary for students to adopt dietary behavior changes recommended in a school health education program for cardiovascular health. The “Hold the Salt!” program was designed to teach sixth grade students and their families about the link between high sodium diets early in life and increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and to significantly reduce pupils' intake of high‐sodium snacks. The program consists of four educational components: a classroom cafeteria curriculum unit built around a board game; parent outreach; health provider reinforcement; and community support. The program was tested in an experimental group (n = 53) of urban, black, sixth grade students, whose knowledge and behavior changes were compared to a control group (n = 23) with similar demographic statistics. Data collected before and after the school program showed a 20% increase in knowledge about sodium and health (p < .01) and a 33% decrease in reported high‐sodium snack consumption (p < .05) in the experimental group compared to no significant knowledge or reported behavior changes in the control group. The program was piloted for two years in Baltimore City elementary schools, then adopted by the Maryland State Dept. of Education for dissemination as part of the Home Economics curriculum in all of the state's middle schools.
Parent and Teacher Perception of Depression in Children
Authors: Korup Ursula Levy 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA descriptive study correlated depression in children with parental perceptions and with teacher report card ratings of school achievement and adjustment. Two hundred and twenty children, age six‐to‐12 years, and parents of approximately half the sample, were interviewed using the Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS). Symptoms of depression were discovered in 10% of the children. Sixty‐eight percent of parents were unaware of their child's depression. Parents were most aware of sleeping problems, physical complaints, and academic achievement and least aware of social withdrawal, tiredness, depressed feelings, and suicidal ideations. Most depressed students achieved at grade level in reading and math, but they received lower grades for effort than nondepressed students. Depression was associated significantly with inability to work and play, both alone and in a group.
Development of a Short Obesity Knowledge Scale Using Four Different Response Formats
Authors: Price James H. , O'Connell Janelle K. , Kukulka Gary 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examined the validity and reliability of a short obesity knowledge scale. A 12‐item test was developed around the four aspects of obesity: etiology of obesity; diseases related to obesity; weight loss techniques; and general information on obesity. Four forms were developed: true/false, true/false/uncertain, multiple choice, and Likert response. Comparisons of the four test formats with 187 subjects revealed a variety of internal reliabilities, stability reliabilities, item discriminations, and readability scores.
Development and Application of the Student Test Used in the School Health Education Evaluation
Authors: Olsen Larry K. , Hambleton Ronald , Simon Robert , Connell David B. , Turner Ralph R. , Orenstein Diane 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTTo accurately assess the health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of students in grades four‐seven, the staff of the School Health Education Evaluation (SHEE) project devoted extensive effort to identify a test appropriate for such assessment. An extensive literature review failed to produce an instrument sufficiently comprehensive or psychometrically sound that could be employed. In this paper, the philosophic orientation and the detailed processes followed in developing a noncurriculum specific, psychometrically sound evaluation instrument for use in the study is described. Included are the bases for the test framework, test objective development, test item review, the various measures constructed using the test blueprint, student performance on the test battery, the psychometric qualities of the test, and suggestions for appropriate use of the final test in other school health education settings.
Implication of Results: Factors for Success
Authors: Fors Stuart W. , Doster Mildred E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe four‐year evaluation study summarized in this issue brings new evidence and directions for more successful health education programs. Two major factors for success stand out. The implementation of the program requires administrative support to assure adequate teacher preparation, and, fidelity to the curriculum must be maintained. The authors will describe these factors.
Comprehensive School Health Education: A Practical Definition
Authors: Davis Roy L. , Gonser Howard L. , Kirkpatrick Margaret A. , Lavery Sally Wolfe , Owen Sandra L. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis article identifies 10 essential elements of comprehensiveness related to school health education that have been agreed upon by key personnel long involved in one or more of the four school health curriculum programs studied in the School Health Education Evaluation (SHEE) study. Each element is briefly described and followed with one or two examples of practical applications selected from the four curricula. The authors further concur with the concept that a Consumer Reports type of reporting of school health curriculum models might be useful in further SHEE data analysis and that the “elements of comprehensiveness” concept might be a valuable adjunct to such reporting.
Enhancing the Health Competence of School‐age Children Through Behavioral Self‐Management Skills
Authors: Petosa Rick 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTSchool health education programs are based on the assumption that health status is influenced by personal health practices. Health instruction cannot have a favorable impact on all factors influencing personal health behavior, so an effort must be made to determine which skills enhance health behavior for most individuals. Self‐management skills can help individuals make behavioral changes consistent with their health‐related decisions. This article describes several self‐management skills and offers suggestions for teaching behavioral self‐management.
School Health Practices for Children with Complex Medical Needs
Authors: Wood Susan P. , Walker Deborah Klein , Gardner Jane 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTConcern is growing about the adequacy and safety of health services provided for medically complex children in public schools. A national survey of state health and education agencies was conducted to learn if guidelines existed governing the practice of eight selected nursing procedures in schools. Thirteen states (26%) had no written guidelines, 13 states (26%) had guidelines only for medication administration, and only six states (12%) had guidelines for the eight selected nursing procedures.
Cognitive Development and the Dynamics of Decision‐making among Adolescents
Authors: Hammes Michael J. , Duryea Elias J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTCognitive development was examined in relation to the amount of time students would deliberate before making a decision, the effect of perceived emotional stress on decision making, and identification of all possible decisions that would have to be made. Subjects were 94 eighth‐11th grade students in New Mexico and Montana. Results indicated abstract thinkers had a better decision‐making process than concrete thinkers and made more health promoting decisions. Health educators are challenged to create educational strategies that enhance abstract development and teach classic steps of decision‐making, thus improving the decision‐making ability of youth.
School‐based Drug Education in North America: What is Wrong? What can be Done?
Authors: Goodstadt Michael S. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis article reviews experimental literature concerning the impact of drug (including alcohol and tobacco) education. Major weaknesses are identified with respect to planning, development, implementation, and evaluation of programs. Of special significance are inadequate identification of program objectives and target groups, failure to appreciate the dynamics of effective influence, lack of attention to program dissemination and utilization, and lack of concern with establishing the impact of programs through careful evaluation.
Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Rural High School Students in Arkansas
Authors: Williams Tom , Guyton Rick , Marty Phillip J. , McDermott Robert J. , Young Michael E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study determined the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among high school students in selected rural communities in Arkansas, and identified factors associated with initiation and maintenance of use. A questionnaire was distributed to 1,237 students in 13 rural high schools in different educational service regions of Arkansas during spring 1985. Results indicated 34.5% of males and 2.5% of females reported regular use of smokeless tobacco. The factor contributing most to initiation of this practice was the influence of a parent who used smokeless tobacco products. Comparisons to other recent studies and implications for health educators are discussed.
Blood Pressure of Low Income, Mexican‐American Children
Authors: Guinn Bobby , Crofts Alfred 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTBlood pressure (BP) readings were obtained for 1,680 low income Mexican‐American (MA) children, ages ten‐14 years, to determine distributions among this ethnic group. Analysis of data indicated mean BP increased with age, with boys exhibiting slightly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures than girls. Comparion of MA subjects with National Institutes of Health percentile norms revealed significantly lower BP levels (p < .001) among study subjects at all age groups.