bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_98A: Prevalence of Non-Communicable disease in Geriatrics population of Kalaburagi District: A Cross-sectional Study in Rural Field Practice Area.
Authors: Telkar Aditya , Nigudgi SR , Reddy Srinivas 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Worldwide total population of geriatric was 703 million (9%) in year 2019 according to United Nation report. The geriatric population is estimated to increase to 198 million by 2030 in India. With advancing years, the incidence of communicable and non-communicable disease (NCD) increases. Most of the available studies on morbidity in India are disease specific and fail to provide comprehensive knowledge about NCD. Objectives :1. To estimate prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) in elderly. 2. To assess the risk factor associated with non-communicable disease.

Methodology:
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among geriatric people in rural areas of Kalaburagi district, Karnataka. Study participants consisted of age =60 years were comprised in the study and a sample size of 193 was calculated. Pre-designed, pre-tested and semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect information on risk factor and morbidity status of study participants. Data was computed in Microsoft 2013 excel sheets and using SPSS version 25.0 for utilizing appropriate statistical method to calculate frequency and percentage, chi square test fisher extract test were used to find association.

Results:
Hypertension is the most prevalent morbidity NCD in the rural elderly population found to be 41.45% in Kalaburagi CHC Rajapur. Followed by diabetes 24.35% and other disease 1.62%. Alcohol and Chewing tobacco found to have significant associations in disease causation in the elderly population. Environment like Water Supply, Latrine, Socio-Economic Class found to be having significant association in disease causation in the elderly population.

Conclusion:
As age advances morbidity increases has been shown in the study. Lifestyle modification also show statistically significant association. Prevalence of NCD like Hypertension, Diabetes, MI, etc can be prevented by reduction of the high-risk factor such as Lifestyle changes, Diet Modification, and Changing Habits of alcohol and tobacco.
IJCM_99A: Risk Factors Associated with Polyhydramnios among Pregnant Women in Mangalore: A Case Control Study
Authors: Mithra Prasanna , Mathews Nikitha , Afaa Aminath , Hudha Mariyam , Thasneem Aishath , Das Anjali 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The amniotic fluid volume is maintained by a balance between production (fetal urine and fetal lung fluid) and resorption (swallowing and intramembranous flow). Any imbalance in this process could lead to either oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios. The incidence of polyhydramnios varies from 1-2%. It is a significant obstetric condition, the etiology of which is still largely unknown. The underlying maternal factors include diabetes mellitus, pregnancy induced hypertension, twin pregnancy, negative Rh factor, cardiac and renal diseases. The study aims to study the risk factors associated with polyhydramnios among the women seeking maternal health care in the study hospitals and to assess the socio-demographic correlates of polyhydramnios among the study population.

Methodology:
The study was conducted in the Government Lady Goschen Hospital and Kasturba Medical College Attavar, among 66 cases (Pregnant women admitted with polyhydramnios) and 132 controls(age matched pregnant women admitted to the study hospitals during the study period). Odds ratio was calculated, Chi square test was used to compare the groups.

Results:
Proportion of anemia among our cases was 20% and control was 25.6%. 7.6% of the cases were associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 0.8% of controls had hypertensive disorders. 12.1% of polyhydramnios cases with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Conclusion:
Majority of the polyhydramnios cases were in the age group 20-29 years. The proportion of Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, Rh negative pregnancies, malpresentation were higher among polyhydramnios cases. The association was significant for hypertension.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Pityriasis Rosea along with Dermoscopic Analysis and Histopathology Correlation
Authors: Shende Aditi A. , Chikhalkar Siddhi B. 
Published: April 2024

Background:Pityriasis Rosea (PR) is a common, yet enigmatic, dermatological condition characterized by a distinctive clinical presentation. Despite its prevalence, the aetiology and pathogenesis of PR remain elusive.Aims:To study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients with PR. To study dermoscopic findings and carry out histopathological correlation.Methods:A cross-sectional study of 50 patients was conducted. A detailed clinical history was taken and an examination was done followed by a dermoscopy. Quantitative data like age and duration of disease are presented with the help of standard deviation. Qualitative risk factors, like gender, age groups, symptomatology, site of lesion, findings or cutaneous examination, dermoscopy findings, and histopathology findings, are presented with the help of frequency and percentages.Results:PR shows male preponderance and mean age of occurrence being 30.8 ± 15.7 years. Forty per cent of patients had an atypical clinical presentation. The most frequently seen dermoscopy findings were diffuse red background (58%), peripheral collarette scale (62%), and peripheral dotted vessels (50%). On histopathology, the most common findings were spongiosis (44%), parakeratosis (38%), irregular acanthosis (34%), perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate (56%), and red blood cell extravasation (36%).Limitations:Sample size was less due to COVID. As this was a corss-sectional study follow up of patients could not be done.Conclusion:While the diagnosis of PR is clinical, it is difficult in atypical cases where dermoscopy comes to the aid. It also helps identify the age of lesions, thus helping decide the treatment strategy for patients. Biopsy remains the gold standard in ruling out other differentials of PR.
Severe Regurgitant Bicuspid Aortic Valve in a Patient with Overlapping Left Ventricular Noncompaction and Asymmetrical Septal Hypertrophy
Authors: Inoue Takehiro , Satsu Takuma , Kitayama Hitoshi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Overlapping of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the same patient is rare and is associated with a more severe clinical course and unfavorable prognosis. The present report describes the case of a severely regurgitant bicuspid aortic valve in a 68-year-old man with overlapping LVNC and asymmetrical septal hypertrophy. Aortic valve replacement controlled the left ventricular dilatation that occurred secondary to the volume overload induced by the valvular disease. However, even 3 years postoperatively, severe systolic dysfunction persisted due to the preexisting myocardial disease, requiring close and lifelong follow-up with special attention to life-threatening arrhythmias and thromboembolism.
Unusual Location of a Papillary Fibroelastoma Causing a Multi-territorial Stroke
Authors: Scully Timothy G. , Wong Edmond , Barton Timothy , Hayward Philip 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A 56-year-old male presented with a multi-territorial stroke without traditional cerebrovascular risk factors. A transesophageal echocardiogram revealed an intracardiac lesion attached to the lateral wall of the left atria, consistent with an atrial myxoma. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed and revealed that lesion was in fact a papillary fibroelastoma with thrombus attached, which demonstrates a novel mechanism by which intracardiac masses can cause cerebral events.
Rates and Predictors of Structural Valve Degeneration and Failure of Trifecta Bioprosthetic Valve Over a 5-year Follow-up Period: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Hashem Anas Mohamad , Elkhapery Ahmed , Mohamed Amr , Buttar Rupinder , Khalouf Amani , Mohamed Mohamed Salah , Abbas Faiz , Rehman Saif ur , Eisa Mahmoud , Baibhav Bipul , Rai Devesh , Depta Jeremiah P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The Trifecta bioprosthetic valve has been commonly used for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Multiple studies have been done to define the rate of structural valve degeneration (SVD) and failure (SVF), but the outcomes are still debatable. Therefore, we aim to conduct this single-center study to estimate the rate and predictors of SVD/SVF.

Methodology:
This retrospective observational cohort single-center study was conducted between 2014 and 2019 among Trifecta SAVR patients. Data were patient’s characteristics collected from electronic medical records at baseline and follow-up (3–5 years). Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
A total of 271 eligible patients were identified. Most of our sample were males (57.9%), with a mean age of 71.1 ± 10.6 years. The mean baseline preoperative ejection fraction (EF) was 53.0%, with no change (P = 0.88) in the immediate postoperative EF (53.6%). A most recent follow-up EF revealed a significant increase of EF (55.2%), P = 0.01. Furthermore, there was a significant increase from peak velocity to PVMRE (mean difference [MD] ± standard error of mean (SEM) [0.15 ± 0.04], P < 0.01), an increase in pressure gradient (PGIPE) to PGMRE (MD ± SEM [1.70 ± 0.49], P < 0.01), and a decrease in Doppler velocity index (DVIIPE) to DVIMRE (MD ± SEM [−0.037 ± 0.01], P = 0.01). Regarding the SVF rate, 13 (4.8%) patients had failed valves requiring replacement throughout the study period.

Conclusions:
Over a 5-year follow-up period, 4.8% had SVF with an SVD of 23.2%, with the majority of SVD not being clinically significant except in six patients. These results corroborate with a previously published study suggesting a bad clinical outcome of Trifecta valve placement.
A Case Report of an Unusual Acute Intramural Hematoma Disguise as Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Dell’Uomo Marco , Conti Serenella , Di Meo Federica , Dominici Marcello , Borghetti Valentino 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is characterized by an aortic wall hematoma without intimal flap and it is a variant of acute aortic syndromes (AAS). This entity may represent 10%–25% of the AAS involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch (Stanford Type A) in 10%–30% of cases and the descending thoracic aorta (Stanford Type B) in 60%–70% of cases. IMH impairs the aortic wall and may progress to either inward disruption of the intima, which finally induces typical dissection or outward rupture of the aorta. The literature describes some clinical reports where Type A aortic dissection mimics a pulmonary embolism but is not described as a case provoked by IMH with outward rupture of the aorta.
Comparison of Global Longitudinal Strain in Dual-chamber versus Ventricular Pacemaker in Complete Heart Block
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Yuniadi Yoga , Soesanto Amiliana Mardiani , Raharjo Sunu Budhi , Lisnawati  , Bardosono Saptawati , Angkasa Irwan Surya , Hosanna Cliffian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context:
Bradycardia caused by total atrioventricular block (TAVB) is treated by implantation of permanent pacemakers (PPMs) in either dual-chamber (DDD) versus ventricular (VVI) pacing modes. DDD is considered a more physiological pacing mode than VVI as it avoids atrioventricular dyssynchrony. However, previous trials have failed to demonstrate the superiority of DDD in improving quality of life and morbidity.

Aims:
This study aims to provide postpacemaker function of the left ventricle (LV) measured with global longitudinal strain (GLS), in TAVB patients.

Settings and Design:
This is a comparative study; samples included in the study are adult TAVB patients undergoing PPM implantation, without significant heart function, and structural abnormality. Echocardiographic parameters are obtained before, after 1 month, and after 3 months post-PPM.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 98 TAVB patients undergoes PPM implantation during the study period, 55 patients were excluded, and in the end, only 43 patients fulfill the inclusion criteria.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Baseline data between DDD and VVI are compared using unpaired t-test. Statistical significance 1 month post-PPM and 3 months post-PPM is analyzed using paired t-test.

Results:
There were no significant differences between both groups at baseline. However, significant GLS changes are observed 1 month after PPM in the VVI group (P = 0.002), but no significant change was observed in the DDD group even after 3 months (P = 0.055).

Conclusions:
In our study, we conclude that DDD is superior in maintaining LV function in the short term in TAVB patients after PPM implantation.
Three-dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in Infective Endocarditis: What Does It Add?
Authors: Sordelli Chiara , Weisz Sara Hana , Fele Nunzia , Verde Raffaele , Guarino Angela , Perrella Alessandro , Severino Laura , Severino Corrado , Severino Sergio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInfective endocarditis (IE) diagnosis is based on a clinical suspicion supported by consistent microbiological and instrumental data. Evidence of involvement of cardiac valves (native or prosthetic) or prosthetic intracardiac material is a major diagnostic criterion of IE. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the initial technique of choice for the diagnosis while transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is recommended in patients with an inconclusive or negative TTE, in patients with high suspicion of IE, as well as in patients with a positive TTE, in order to document local complications. Repeating TTE and/or TEE should be considered during follow-up of uncomplicated IE, in order to detect new silent complications and monitor vegetation size. In the setting of IE, the role of three-dimensional (3D) TEE is increasing; in fact, this technique has also been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of IE and its complications as it allows to obtain infinite planes and volumetric reconstructions. In this review, we will describe the usefulness of 3D-TEE and its added value in the management of IE.
Effectiveness of ozone in the management of chronic periodontitis: A clinico-microbiological study
Authors: Musalaiah S. V. V. S. , Kumar Pavuluri Aravind , Prabhudev P Harish , Reddy Joseph Kishore , Mandalapu Narendra , Patcha Haneesha 
Published: April 2024

Aim:
To evaluate the efficacy of ozonated water with NSPT compared with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone in treating chronic periodontitis.

Settings and Design:
The current study is a double-masked, randomized clinical trial.

Methods and Material:
A total of 30 patients aged 25 to 55 years were divided randomly into two groups having probing pocket depths of ≥ 5 mm. Full mouth SRP were performed in group 1 followed by additional sub-gingival irrigation of ozonated water in group 2. Assessment of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment levels (CAL) was performed at baseline and six months. Microbiologic assessment with real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for Dialister pneumosintes and Micromonas micros by collecting plaque samples.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were subjected to statistical analysis with IBM SPSS Software version 21. The results were presented under the headings of various parameters considered for this study.

Results:
The results revealed that there was a reduction in PI, GI, PD, CAL, and microbiologic parameters in both groups following SRP; the results were more significant in group 2 treated by sub-gingival irrigation with ozonated water, when compared with SRP alone in group 1. Also, it was noted that there was a statistically significant reduction of M. micros compared to D. pneumosintes in the ozone-treated group.

Conclusions:
The Subgingival irrigation of ozonated water in conjunction with SRP has beneficial effects in treating patients with chronic periodontitis.
Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among doctors and nurse in a medical college hospital in Puducherry: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pravinraj S , Zala Darshana D. , Mani Mercy M , Dhasaram Premnath 
Published: April 2024

Background:Hypertension is one of the most important public health problems in the world. Especially among health workers, it is neglected to do a regular check-up on their blood pressure due to busy schedules. Studies from various countries show that there is an increase in blood pressure among doctors and nurses. The present study aimed to quantify the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among doctors and nurses working in a medical college.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors and nurses of a medical college in Pondicherry from May 1 to August 31, 2021. A total of 260 study participants were included in the study; among them 75 were doctors and 185 were nurses. Sampling was done based on a stratified sampling technique. Data was collected in pretested preformed questionnaire, and analysis was done with 2019 and SPSS Statistics version 21.0.Results:The prevalence of hypertension among doctors was 28% and nurses 16.8%. The overall prevalence was found to be 20%. It was found that age-group (p = 0.001), gender (p = 0.001), occupation (p = 0.040), hours of sleeping (p = 0.013), smoking (p = 0.001), and alcohol consumption (p = 0.001) are significantly associated with hypertension.Conclusion:Hypertension is seen among doctors and nurses which show that measures have to be taken to control them. Doing lifestyle modifications like cessation of smoking and alcohol is advisable. A minimum of 6 hours of sleep per night is recommended for doctors and nurses to function at their best.
Comparative antibiogram of annual antimicrobial susceptibility trend in a tertiary care institution in Telangana with ICMR annual AMR report for the year 2021
Authors: Karuppiah Yazhini 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Antibiogram data can improve hospital antibiotic formulary decisions and local protocols such as surgical prophylaxis or empirical treatment guidelines. This study aims to compare the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends observed in our institution with the national data published by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

Methods:
The annual antibiogram of all common clinical isolates received in the hospital in 2021 was constructed as per the consensus guidelines developed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and the antimicrobial susceptibility trends were compared with the Indian Council of Medical Research annual Antimicrobial Resistance Report for 2021.

Results:
A total of 719 first isolates (excluding duplicate isolates) of common organisms viz., Escherichia coli (n = 198), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 164), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 70), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (n = 174), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (n = 39), Enterococcus species (n = 74) were analyzed and described as in charts.

Discussion:
The percentage susceptibility of gram-positive isolates to vancomycin, linezolid, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin was comparable to the national ICMR AMR report, whereas there were differences in the susceptibility rates to other antimicrobial agents such as penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and co-trimoxazole. The percentage susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates was comparable to the national ICMR AMR report for all anti-pseudomonal agents tested and analyzed. The gram-negative isolates showed better susceptibility rates to the beta-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems in comparison to the national ICMR AMR report.

Conclusion:
Analysis of antibiograms from different regions of our country would show us the trends and patterns of antimicrobial resistance.
Comparison of Lichtenstein repair and mesh plug repair methods in the outcome of inguinal hernia
Authors: Popuri Krishna Vasist , Kaligotla Lakshmi Sowjanya , Chandana Kanuru , Mohammed Munilal R. , Yerram Sai Vihari , Bode Sasidhar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Over 20 million people have inguinal hernia repairs every year, making it one of the most frequent operations performed worldwide. The goal of a successful hernia repair is to minimize the rate of recurrence while enabling the patient to quickly and comfortably resume normal activities.

Aim:
To evaluate an improved and simple technique in inguinal hernia patients between mesh plug with patch repair and Lichtenstein repair techniques and to identify which technique is superior.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted on 96 patients (48 Group A, 48 Group B) who underwent inguinal hernia surgery in the Department of General Surgery at a tertiary care teaching hospital for a year (October 2018–September 2019). Before surgery, the two groups were assessed for study parameters, operated, and complications were compared between patients. Patients were monitored for 2 years.

Observation:
No statistically significant differences were found between the study parameters and complications (P > 0.05). This difference between the two groups with respect to the duration of surgery, mean duration of hospital stay in patients, and day 1 pain in both the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05) with a positive inclination toward the mesh plug system.

Conclusion:
Mesh plug repair was observed to be safe and easier. It shortens the duration of operation and hospitalization and is superior to Lichtenstein’s technique regarding postoperative pain and quality of life.
Knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among lactating mothers in AIIMS, Bhubaneswar – A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Ravichandran Mythry , Parida Swayam P. , Singh Arvind K. , Mishra Abhisek K. , Gopi Kumbha 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
44% of infants under 6 months of age worldwide are only adequately breastfed. It is also found that only 41.6% of women breastfeed their child within one hour of birth and less than 50% of women continue breastfeeding up to 2 years. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding practice, to explore the knowledge and practices about breastfeeding among lactating mothers, and to find the effect of breastfeeding on the nutritional status of the child.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A hospital-based study was conducted among 160 lactating mothers of infants below six months of age presenting to the immunization clinic at AIIMS Bhubaneswar. A semi-structured questionnaire based on the CDC breastfeeding questionnaire was administered to assess the knowledge and practice. The nutritional status of the infant was assessed by plotting the weight for age and length for age of the infant in the WHO growth charts.

RESULTS:
102 (75%) of mothers had initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of delivery. Adequate knowledge and practice of breastfeeding was present only in 4 (2.5%) and 3 (1.9%), respectively. It was found that 13.75% of women were using formula feed. The prevalence of underweight and less than normal length was 40% (n = 64) and 34.37% (n = 55) among infants, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
This study emphasizes the importance of awareness among lactating mothers about the hindmilk, appropriate practice, and to find its effect on the nourishment of the children.