bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The source identification and classification study of soot after combustion
Authors: Zhi Youran , Zong Ruowen , Guangxuan Liao , Liu Haiqiang , Jialei Tan 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTSolid phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy technology was used to extract and analyze three kinds of accelerant soot including diesel soot, gasoline soot, and diesel–gasoline mixture soot. A total of 60 spectrograms have been obtained, analyzed, and compared. It was found that these kinds of soot were quite different with each other in the difference of major target compounds and retention time span, and could be visually identified by the profile of the corresponding spectrogram. A data matrix of 60 * 41 was reached by the characteristic substances corresponding with the retention time in all these 60 spectrograms. With principal component analysis method, two major component variables were obtained to classify the attribution of soot, with perfect classification efficiency of 100%. Hierarchical cluster analysis was further applied for the dendrogram analysis. In spite of the absence of the training set, the classification of 100% accuracy of these kinds of soot could be achieved. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil composition and chemical variability of Xanthium italicum Moretti from Corsica
Authors: Andreani Stéphane , Barboni Toussaint , Desjobert Jean‐Marie , Paolini Julien , Costa Jean , Muselli Alain 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe chemical composition of Xanthium italicum Moretti essential oil was established for the first time using gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. One hundred and seven compounds were identified and accounted for 98.7% of the total amount. The main compounds were limonene (35.3%), borneol (5.6%), sabinene (5.8%), germacrene‐D (2.5%), α‐bisabolol (2.4%) and α‐humulene (2.1%). Twenty‐five oil samples were investigated, and their chemical variability was analysed statistically. Two main groups of essential oils were identified in concordance with the morphological characteristics: hydrocarbon‐rich oils, which correlated with 100–120 cm plant height and oxygenated‐rich oils, which correlated with 5–20 cm plant height. The chemical composition of the oils obtained from separated organs and the concentrations of the main compounds throughout the vegetative cycle of the plant were studied. Stem and leaf oils were characterized by the occurrence of limonene (47.9% g and 22.9%, respectively) and germacrene‐D (4.6% and 15.8%, respectively). Flower oils displayed δ‐selinene and germacrene‐D as the main components (22.4% and 17.0%, respectively). X. italicum fruits yielded oil with a high amount of oxygenated compounds (72.9%), particularly sesquiterpene compounds (61.5%) such as α‐bisabolol (43.0%), α‐cadinol (5.0%) and (E,E)‐α‐farnesol (4.3%). The amount of hydrocarbon compounds remained stable throughout the vegetative cycle, whereas the amounts of oxygenated compounds increased during fructification. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Warning with Calibrated and Sharper Probabilistic Forecasts
Authors: Machete Reason L. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTGiven a nonlinear model, a probabilistic forecast may be obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. At a given forecast horizon, Monte Carlo simulations yield sets of discrete forecasts, which can be converted to density forecasts. The resulting density forecasts will inevitably be downgraded by model misspecification. In order to enhance the quality of the density forecasts, one can mix them with the unconditional density. This paper examines the value of combining conditional density forecasts with the unconditional density. The findings have positive implications for issuing early warnings in different disciplines including economics and meteorology, but UK inflation forecasts are considered as an example. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eliminating the scattering ambiguity in multifocal, multimodal, multiphoton imaging systems
Authors: Hoover Erich E. , Field Jeffrey J. , Winters David G. , Young Michael D. , Chandler Eric V. , Speirs John C. , Lapenna Jacob T. , Kim Susy M. , Ding Shi‐you , Bartels Randy A. , Wang Jing W. , Squier Jeff A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this work we present how to entirely remove the scattering ambiguity present in existing multiphoton multifocal systems. This is achieved through the development and implementation of single‐element detection systems that incorporate high‐speed photon‐counting electronics. These systems can be used to image entire volumes in the time it takes to perform a single transverse scan (four depths simultaneously at a rate of 30 Hz). In addition, this capability is further exploited to accomplish single‐element detection of multiple modalities (two photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation) and to perform efficient image deconvolution. Finally, we demonstrate a new system that promises to significantly simplify this promising technology. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wear of ceramic‐on‐carbon fiber‐reinforced poly‐ether ether ketone hip replacements
Authors: Brockett Claire L. , John Gemma , Williams Sophie , Jin Zhongmin , Isaac Graham H. , Fisher John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTotal hip replacement has been a successful surgical intervention for over 50 years, with the majority of bearings using a polyethylene cup. Long‐term failure due to osteolysis and loosening has been widely documented and alternative bearings have been sought. A novel carbon fiber‐reinforced poly‐ether ether ketone (CFR‐PEEK) cup was investigated through experimental friction and wear studies. Friction studies demonstrated the bearings operated in a boundary lubrication condition, with friction factors higher than those for other hip replacement bearings. The wear study was conducted with 36 mm diameter bearings tested against Biolox Delta heads for a period of 10 million cycles. The mean volumetric wear rate was 0.3 mm3/Mc, indicating the ceramic‐on‐CFR‐PEEK bearing to be a very low wearing option for total hip replacement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 1459–1465, 2012.
Nickel/Poly(o‐aminophenol) Film Prepared in Presence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: Application for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Carbohydrates
Authors: Ojani Reza , Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Fathi Shahla 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPoly(o‐aminophenol) (POAP) was formed by successive cyclic voltammetry in monomer solution in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the surface of a carbon paste electrode (CPE). Ni(II) ions were incorporated into the electrode by immersion of the polymeric modified electrode having amine groups in 0.1 M Ni(II) ion solution. Electrochemical study of this modified electrode shows a good redox behavior of the Ni(III)/Ni(II) couple. The electrocatalytic oxidations of glucose and other carbohydrates at the surface of the Ni/SDS‐POAP/CPE were studied in a 0.1 M NaOH solution. Compared to POAP/CPE, the SDS‐POAP/CPE significantly enhanced the catalytic efficiency of Ni ions for carbohydrates oxidation. Finally, using chronoamperometric method, the catalytic rate constants (k) for carbohydrates were calculated.
Synthesis and Esterification of 3‐Ferrocenyl Acrylic Acid in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Sheng , Xu Wen‐Jing , Zhang Fei , Wang Yu‐Zhe , Li Jun , Wang Bao‐An , Li Yan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract3‐Ferrocenyl acrylic acid, synthesized from ferrocenecarboxaldehyde and propandioic acid in water‐insoluble ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [BMIM]PF6) at 85 °C in high yield, was transformed to a series of 3‐ferrocenyl acrylate of alcohols and phenols in water‐soluble ionic liquid (1,3‐dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate, [DMIM]Me2PO4) at room temperature in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP).
Solid Phase Extraction of Trace Amounts of Cadmium with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles Prior to Its Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Baghban Neda , Haji Shabani Ali Mohammad , Dadfarnia Shayessteh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method has been presented for the selective separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of cadmium using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs). The method is based on the sorption of cadmium as CdI42− complex on the positively charged surface of the CTAB‐coated Fe3O4 NPs. The preconcentrated cadmium is then desorbed from the surface of the sorbent and is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The influences of the experimental parameters including pH of the solutions, amount of surfactant, iodide concentration, sample volume, eluent type and volume on the recovery of the analyte ions were investigated. Under the optimum conditions by the extraction of 500 mL of aqueous samples, a preconcentration factor of 250 was achieved. The detection limit (3s) was 0.06 μg L−1, and the relative standard deviations at 0.5 and 5 μg L−1 levels of cadmium (n = 10) were 3.2 and 1.9% respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of cadmium in water samples. The accuracy was evaluated through the recovery experiments and independent analysis by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).
New Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of NiFe2O4/SiO2 and Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/SiO2 Nanocomposites Using Tetraglycolatosilane as Precursor
Authors: Gharagozlou Mehrnaz 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this work the new synthesis and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4/SiO2 and Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/SiO2 nanocomposites using a water‐soluble silica precursor, tetraglycolatosilane (THEOS), by the sol‐gel method were reported. Nanocomposite were obtained by the thermal decomposition of the organic part at different annealing temperatures varying from 400 to 900 °C. Studies carried out using XRD, FT‐IR, TEM, STA (TG‐DTG‐DTA) and VSM techniques. XRD patterns show that NiFe2O4 and Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 have been formed in an amorphous silica matrix at annealing temperatures above 600 and 400 °C, respectively. It is found that when the annealing temperature is up to 900 °C NiFe2O4/SiO2 and Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/SiO2 samples show almost superparamagnetic behavior with a magnetization 4.66 emu/g and ferromagnetic behavior with a magnetization 10.11 emu/g, respectively. The magnetization and coercivity values of nanocomposites using THEOS were considerably less than previous reports using TEOS. THEOS as a silica matrix network provides an ideal nucleation environment to disperse ferrite nanoparticles and thus to confine them to aggregate and coarsen. By using THEOS over the currently used TEOS and TMOS, organic solvents are not needed due to the entire solubility of THEOS in water. Synthesized nanocomposites with adjustable particle sizes and controllable magnetic properties make the applicability of ferrites even more versatile.
Electrodeposited Cu‐Au Alloy Nanoparticles for Uric Acid Electrochemical Biosensor with Quick Response
Authors: Zhang Hongfang , He Yaping , Zheng Jianbin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA uric acid (UA) electrochemical biosensor based on the Cu‐Au alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and uricase was developed. The electrodeposition technique of Cu‐Au alloy NPs was selected to be a convenient potentiostatic method at –0.8 V in a single solution containing both Au(III) and Cu2+. Cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy proved the successful deposition of Cu‐Au alloy NPs. EIS demonstrated the good conductivity of Cu‐Au alloy NPs. The enzyme was immobilized on the surface of Cu‐Au alloy NPs modified electrode by casting with chitosan solution. The ultimate biosensor showed linear amperometric response towards UA in the concentration range of 3.0 to 26.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.8 μM. The main feature of the biosensor was its short response time, which was attributed to the good conductivity of Cu‐Au alloy NPs. Furthermore, the biosensor could avoid the interference of ascorbic acid and oxygen.
DETERMINANTS OF CREDIT UNION SAVINGS IN GHANA
Authors: Adusei Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe study explores the determinants of credit union (CU) savings in Ghana and finds that credit risk, assets (size) and female membership are significant determinants of CU savings. Whereas a rise in CU credit risk increases CU savings, a rise in female membership as well as CU assets is characterised by a fall in CU savings. The study, therefore, argues that CUs in Ghana could maximise their savings if they target their savings‐ mobilisation campaigns at income‐earning men with higher marginal propensity to save coupled with the adoption of an effective and efficient asset management policy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional intelligence and resilience as predictors of leadership in school administrators
Authors: Maulding Wanda S. , Peters Gary B. , Roberts Jalynn , Leonard Edward , Sparkman Larry 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis mixed‐method study of 48 P–12 school administrators across three southeastern states was done to begin investigation of the impact of nontraditional leadership factors. As evidenced by the results, there is a strong correlation between the factors of emotional intelligence and resilience and leadership success.
Leadership, governance, and perceptions of trust in the higher education industry
Authors: Migliore Laura‐Ann 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article presents a trust‐centered, integrated model for achieving educational excellence in the higher education industry with focus on governing boards and strategies for academic quality and financial performance. The discussion includes leadership themes and strategies on development of teacher‐leaders, creating a culture of shared leadership and effective governance for performance outcomes, robust evaluations of student‐learning assessments for continuous improvement, and strategic leadership in the implementation of high‐quality programs. Perceptions of trust form the foundation of the integrated model with influences of personality, culture, motivation, values, reliability, competence, and intuition. Trust among board trustees is essential for creating collaborative environments for innovative change and educational performance excellence. Collaborative environments promote a sense of shared leadership and governance to encourage innovation and performance excellence at all levels within the educational institution.
Symposium Introduction
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth , Kortens Anthony , Schonhofen Michael , Ben  
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis symposium's focus is on connections that might be forged between leadership theory and practice, leadership development, and the theory and practice of design. Our intent in exploring the narratives of and literature about designers is to understand and appreciate how the design leadership crucible might forge more effective research approaches, generative pedagogical experience, and produce more effective leaders who can address adaptive problems. The guest editors and authors for the symposium are Elizabeth Johnston and Anthony Kortens. The symposium includes an introduction to the topic of design using current literature, incorporating a report on a series of conversations with two individuals who have enjoyed long and successful careers in design and leadership. These individuals, Michael Schonhofen and Ben Shaw, were contributing partners who shared their experiences as designers and leaders, as well as tirelessly reviewed the symposium documents and offered insights, interpretations, and suggestions.
Heparin Interacting Protein Mediated Assembly of Nano‐Fibrous Hydrogel Scaffolds for Guided Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Tan Huaping , Zhou Qixin , Qi Haifeng , Zhu Dan , Ma Xiaoxue , Xiong Dangsheng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new methodology is developed to conjugate hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with novel nano‐fibrous architectures via non‐covalent assembly that specifically allows for targeted adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) differentiation and soft tissue engineering. The assembly of non‐covalently associated hydrogel network produced via the interaction of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) modified HA derivative and heparin interacting protein (HIP). The multifunctional star poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and HIP copolymer has the capability to mediate the non‐covalent assembly of nano‐fibrous HA hydrogel networks via affinity interactions with LMWH. The effect of the HIP mediation on in vitro gelation, rheological characteristics, degradation, equilibrium swelling, adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) proliferation and differentiation of nano‐fibrous hydrogel is examined. The results suggest the potential utility of this unique design of the bioactive nano‐fibrous HA hydrogel in directing the differentiation of ASCs and adipogenesis in ECM‐mimetic scaffolds in vitro. These studies demonstrate that this nano‐fibrous HA hydrogel can render the formulation of a therapeutically effective platform for in vitro adipogenesis applications.magnified image
Conducting Metallopolymers as Precursors to Fabricate Palladium Nanoparticle/Polymer Hybrids for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Edelman Kate R. , Stevenson Keith J. , Holliday Bradley J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe novel conducting metallopolymer [N,N′‐((2,2′‐dimethyl)propyl)bis(5‐(2,2′‐bithiophene‐5‐yl)salcylideniminato‐palladium(II)]n prepared by electropolymerization provides a polymer matrix in which the palladium metal centers are evenly distributed. The metal centers embedded directly in the conducting metallopolymer backbone serve as seed points for size‐controlled palladium nanoparticle (NP) growth of 3.8 to 4.9 nm NPs within the conducting metallopolymer film. The palladium NP/conducting metallopolymer hybrid material has demonstrated electrocatalytic behavior toward oxygen reduction with peak current densities around 400 μA/cm2 in acidic aqueous conditions. These results demonstrate a promising new method for the production of electrocatalytically active hybrid materials.
Human mitochondrial ferritin improves respiratory function in yeast mutants deficient in iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis, but is not a functional homologue of yeast frataxin
Authors: Sutak Robert , Seguin Alexandra , Garcia‐Serres Ricardo , Oddou Jean‐Louis , Dancis Andrew , Tachezy Jan , Latour Jean‐Marc , Camadro Jean‐Michel , Lesuisse Emmanuel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe overexpressed human mitochondrial ferritin in frataxin‐deficient yeast cells (Δyfh1), but also in another mutant affected in [Fe‐S] assembly (Δggc1). Ferritin was correctly processed and expressed in the mitochondria of these cells, but the fraction of total mitochondrial iron bound to ferritin was very low, and most of the iron remained in the form of insoluble particles of ferric phosphate in these mitochondria, as evidenced by gel filtration analysis of the mitochondrial matrix (fast protein liquid chromatography [FPLC]) and by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Mutant cells in which ferritin was overexpressed still accumulated iron in the mitochondria and remained deficient in [Fe‐S] assembly, suggesting that human mitochondrial ferritin is not a functional homologue of yeast frataxin. However, the respiratory function was improved in these mutants, which correlates with an improvement of cytochrome and heme synthesis. Overexpression of mitochondrial ferritin in [Fe‐S] mutants resulted in the appearance of a small pool of high‐spin ferrous iron in the mitochondria, which was probably responsible for the improvement of heme synthesis and of the respiratory function in these mutants.
Zinc‐responsive coactivator recruitment by the yeast Zap1 transcription factor
Authors: Frey Avery G. , Eide David J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe zinc‐responsive Zap1 transcription factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae controls many genes involved in zinc homeostasis. Zap1 has two activation domains, AD1 and AD2, which are independently regulated by zinc. While AD1 can fully activate most Zap1 target genes, AD2 is active only on a subset of those genes. One hypothesis explaining this promoter specificity was that AD1 and AD2 recruit different coactivators. To address this question, we carried out a genetic screen to identify coactivator complexes that are required for Zap1‐mediated activation. SWI/SNF, SAGA, and Mediator complexes were implicated as playing major roles in Zap1 activation. Consistent with this conclusion, we found that these three complexes are recruited to Zap1 target promoters in a zinc‐responsive and Zap1‐dependent manner. Coactivator recruitment was highly interdependent such that mutations disrupting SAGA impaired recruitment of SWI/SNF and vice versa. Optimal Mediator recruitment was dependent on both SAGA and SWI/SNF. A comparison of the coactivators recruited by AD1 and AD2 found no obvious differences suggesting that recruitment of different coactivators is not likely the mechanism of AD specificity. Rather, our results suggest that AD2 recruits coactivators less effectively than AD1 and is therefore only functional on some promoters.
Hysteresis in the electromyography–force relationship: Toward an optimal model for the estimation of force
Authors: Kamavuako Ernest Nlandu , Rosenvang Jakob Celander 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroduction:In this study we analyzed the presence of hysteresis in the relationship between features of electromyography (EMG) and force.Methods:Intramuscular EMG and surface EMG (sEMG) were recorded concurrently from the flexor digitorum profundus muscle from 0% to 100% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in 11 subjects. Two features, mean absolute value (MAV) and Wilson amplitude (WAMP), were computed using either the first‐order (poly1) or third‐order (poly3) polynomial.Results:We detected hysteresis in the EMG–force relationship for both features in all subjects. In general, the hysteresis‐based models performed better than the overall model (which does not take into account the hysteresis in the EMG–force relationship), with R2 values about 0.98 (averaged across subjects) and root mean square error around 5% of the MVC force.Conclusion:These results imply the existence of a path‐dependent model, which may improve the accuracy of force estimation. Muscle Nerve, 2012