bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The negative inotropic effects of gaseous sulfur dioxide and its derivatives in the isolated perfused rat heart
Authors: Zhang Quanxi , Meng Ziqiang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEpidemiological investigations have revealed that sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure is linked to cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the negative inotropic effects of gaseous SO2 and its derivatives in the isolated perfused rat heart and the possible mechanisms involved in their effects. The results showed that both SO2 and SO2 derivatives elicited a negative inotropic effect in a dose‐dependent manner, and SO2 produced a higher negative effect than SO2 derivatives. The mechanism of SO2‐induced negative inotropic effects at low concentrations was different from that at high concentrations. At low concentrations, the mechanism of SO2‐induced negative inotropic effects might occur through promoting the activities of protein kinase C (PKC), cycloxygenase, and cGMP, while the mechanism of SO2 derivatives‐induced effects might be related to the opening of ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channel and the inhibition of Ca2+ influx via L‐type calcium‐channel. At high concentrations, the mechanisms of SO2 and SO2 derivatives‐induced negative inotropic effects were similar, which might be related to the KATP channel and L‐type calcium‐channel as well as the possible alterations in PKC, cycloxygenase, and cGMP. Further work is needed to determine the relative contribution of each pathway in SO2‐mediated inotropic effect. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
An Operator Theory for a Class of Linear Fractional Programming Problems II
Authors: Lata Manju 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a recent paper on the same topic, we studied the problem of modifying the optimal solution to a class of transportation problems with linear fractional objective function when basis preserving rim operators are applied to vary the rim conditions as a linear function of a single parameter. We continue this study in the present paper and study various transformations arising as a result of applying cost and bound operators. As before, we confine to basis preserving operators and develop algorithms for applying any of the cost operators and for finding the maximum limit for δ. A small numerical example is solved at the end to illustrate various results.
Non‐Newtonian Flow due to Noncoaxially Rotations of a Disk and a Fluid at Infinity
Authors: Erdoǧan M. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe flow produced by a rotating disk in a second‐order fluid which at infinity is itself in a rigid body rotation around another axis of rotation, parallel but not coincident with that of the disk is considered. It is shown that the equations of motion have an exact solution that may be obtained in general numerically. The expressions of the force and the torque exerted by the fluid on the disk are given. A special case in which rotations are with nearly the same angular velocities is discussed.
Genauigkeitsschranken bei gemischter Anwendung von Barriere‐ und Strafmethoden in der konvexen Optimierung
Authors: Grossmann Ch. , Kürcz A. , Schöniger G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAufbauend auf Genauigkeitsabschätzungen bei Barriere‐ und Strafmethoden werden untere und obere Schranken für den optimalen Zielfunktionswert auch für den Fall angegeben, daß eine gemischte Anwendung von Straf‐ und Barrierefunktionen erfolgt.
Existenzsatz Für Potentialströmungen mit Totwassern um zwei geradlinige Hindernisse
Authors: Hilbig H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs werden ideale, inkompressible, wirbelfreie, ebene Strömungen um zwei geradlinige Hindernisse, hinter denen sich bis ins Unendliche erstreckende Totwassergebiete ausbilden, betrachtet. Zum Nachweis der Existenz derartiger Strömungen um Hindernisse mit vorgegebenen Längen und vorgegebenem vertikalen Abstand werden Fixpunktgleichungen aufgestellt. Ihre Lösbarkeit folgt mit Hilfe der Theorie des Abbildungsgrades, da in einem Symmetriefall eine Lösung angegeben werden kann.
Optimierung mit Hilfe des Intervall‐Newton‐Verfahrens
Authors: Oelschlägel D. , Süsse H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDas bekannte Intervall‐Newton‐Verfahren wird so modifiziert, daß das Minimum einer streng konvexen Funktion über einem Intervall aus I(R) eingeschlossen wird. Dabei werden auch eingangsbedingte Fehler berücksichtigt. Mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens wird ein Algorithmus angegeben, der die gleiche Optimierungsaufgabe löst, wobei die Zielfunktion nicht konvex zu sein braucht. Weiterhin wird mit dem angegebenen Verfahren das mehrdimensionale Problem der Minimierung einer streng konvexen Funktion über einem Quader gelöst.
Scattering of elastic waves by a star shaped inclusion
Authors: Shindo Y. , Narita F. , Nakamura T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the scattering of in‐plane compressional (P) and shear (SV) waves by boomerang, three‐, four‐, five‐, and six‐pointed star shaped inclusions using a boundary element method. Special case when the shape of the four‐pointed star becomes square is also considered. Numerical examples are given for some star shapes of the inclusion, and the scattering cross sections are plotted as a function of frequency. The response simplifies for the limited cases of a hole and a rigid inclusion, but with quite different behavior for each.
The optimal control problem and approximation of some parabolic hemivariational inclusion
Authors: Dȩbińska‐Nagórska A. , Just A. , Stempień Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper we study the optimal control problem described by a hemivariational parabolic inclusion. We derive the existence of optimal solutions. Then we prove the convergence of optimal values for approximated control problems to the one for the original problem. Finally, we give a simple example.
Analysis of the viscoelastic behavior of plates made of functionally graded materials
Authors: Altenbach H. , Eremeyev V.A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractConsidering the viscoelastic behavior of polymer foams, a new plate theory based on the direct approach is introduced and applied to plates composed of functionally graded materials (FGM). The governing two‐dimensional equations are formulated for a deformable surface and the stiffness parameters are identified for the linear viscoelastic isotropic material behavior. It is assumed that the material properties are changing in thickness direction. Solving the plate bending problem of the global mechanical analysis, it will be demonstrated that in some cases, the results significantly differ from the results based on the classical Kirchhoff‐type theory.
Balance laws and a dissipation inequality for general constituents undergoing disarrangements and mixing
Authors: Owen D.R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMultiphase structured deformations provide a multiscale geometrical setting suitable for distinguishing among (1) separate constituents – N bodies that occupy mutually disjoint regions in space at all times and that submacroscopically may form voids or undergo slips, (2) intermingling constituents – N bodies, each of which splits into small non‐overlapping cells that may be in contact with cells of the same or of different constitutents, and (3) mixing constituents – N bodies that interpentrate by occupying overlapping regions in space. Earlier research based on multiphase structured deformations has established balance laws and a dissipation inequality for each constituent within the mixture when that constituent is an elastic body. The balance laws and dissipation inequality were obtained via a limiting argument from corresponding relations for intermingling constitutents whose motions approximate those of the mixing constituents. Here, such limiting arguments are shown to provide balance laws and a dissipation inequality for a much broader class of constituents.
Treatment of the adverse effects from acupuncture and their economic impact: A prospective study in 73,406 patients with low back or neck pain
Authors: Wittl Claudia M. , Pach Daniel , Reinhold Thomas , Wruck Katja , Brinkhaus Benno , Mank Sigrid , Willich Stefan N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the frequency of adverse effects due to acupuncture treatment, the need for treatment and the costs in patients with chronic low back or neck pain.This prospective observational study included patients who received acupuncture for chronic low back pain or chronic neck pain. After treatment all patients documented adverse events associated with acupuncture (defined as adverse effects) and provided details e.g. on treatment. Cost data was provided by the health insurance companies. We used a societal perspective including direct health care costs related to the acupuncture and the indirect costs caused through lost workdays.From 73,406 patients, 5440 patients (7.4% [95% CI 7.2%; 7.6%] reported experiencing at least one adverse effect and 1422 patients (1.9% [1.8%; 2.0%]) required treatment. The subsequent treatments reported were either self‐treatment (1.2% [1.09%; 1.25%]), treatment with medication and/or by a physician (0.6% [0.57%; 0.68%]), or treatment in a hospital (0.03% [0.02%; 0.04%]). Patients reporting adverse effects that required treatment had higher costs compared to patients without adverse effects (at 3 months €1265 [1179; 1351] vs. €1140 [1128; 1153] and at 12 months € 3534 [3256; 3812] vs. € 3249 [3209; 3289]. The difference was caused through the expense of visiting physicians and higher indirect costs (difference at 3 months: €125 [38; 211], p =0.005 and at 12 months: €285 [4; 566], p =0.047). Adverse effects from acupuncture occur in about 7% of patients and were mainly treated by themselves. When these effects needed treatment by a health professional additional expenses were the consequence.
Gesundheitsinformation.de und Informationsbedürfnisse: Aktueller Stand und Herausforderungen
Authors: Bastian Hilda , Waltering Andreas , Zschorlich Beate 
Published: July 2010

Einleitung
Evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsinformationen veröffentlicht das Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen (IQWiG) seit 2006 auf der Website Gesundheitsinformation.de. Allerdings ist wenig bekannt, wie und wonach im Internet nach Gesundheitsinformationen gesucht wird. Es fehlt an Daten und allgemein anerkannten Methoden. Daher liegt ein Schwerpunkt darauf, Informationsbedürfnisse von Bürgern in Erfahrung zu bringen. Lesen Sie, wie das Institut dabei methodisch vorgeht.
Risikokommunikation im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Vahle Torben , Hornberg Claudia 
Published: July 2010

Einleitung
Risikokommunikation dient der Vermittlung von komplexen Inhalten zur Eintretenswahrscheinlichkeit eines Ereignisses und möglichen Folgen. Der Prozess fokussiert in erster Linie auf den Informationstransfer zwischen ‚Experten‘ und ‚Laien‘. Im Kontext der Risikokommunikation im Gesundheitswesen ist es wichtig die Informationen so zu präsentieren, dass alle relevanten Inhalte den jeweiligen Zielgruppen entsprechend vermittelt werden.
Entertainment-Education als Strategie für die Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Lampert Claudia 
Published: July 2010

Einleitung
Entertainment-Education bezeichnet eine Kommunikationsstrategie, bei der präventive oder gesundheitsfördernde Botschaften gezielt in ein Unterhaltungsangebot integriert werden, um insbesondere diejenigen zu erreichen, die sich nicht für Gesundheitsthemen interessieren bzw. nicht gezielt danach suchen. Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die dahinter liegende Idee und zeigt am Beispiel von TV-Formaten und Computerspielen (Serious Games) Potenziale und Grenzen dieser Strategie auf.
Predicting Willingness to Donate Blood
Authors: Holdershaw Judith , Gendall Philip , Wright Malcolm 
Published: July 2010

New Zealand shares a common problem with other countries: a shortage of blood donors. Approximately 4% of New Zealand's total population donate blood, yet up to 20% may need to receive donated blood or blood products. However, there has been little success in accurately predicting willingness to donate blood, and greater knowledge is needed of those variables most likely to predict potential donors’ behaviour, so that efforts to increase the number of blood donors can be effectively directed. This study compared the predictive ability of Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour, based on the measurement of attitudinal variables, and Labaw's behavioural approach, in the context of willingness to donate blood. The findings indicated attitudinal variables were better predictors of behavioural intentions but a behavioural approach better predicted reported donation behaviour. This result provides support for further study of the framework proposed by Labaw.
Consistent Consumer Responses to Price Changes
Authors: Scriven John , Ehrenberg Andrew 
Published: July 2010

A variety of exploratory laboratory–style tests compared brand–choices at different controlled prices. This has led to consistent findings across different brands and products (including durables and services) and other conditions. Price elasticity, rather than being a specific characteristic of a brand, varied consistently with the competitive context, such as proximity to competitors’ prices, brand share, how overt the price change was, and consumer characteristics such as being younger, or a light buyer of the brand. Measurement procedures affected the size of the effects, but the relative patterns persisted. Such results can provide a grounded base for developing and testing pricing hypotheses.
Testing Dick and Basu'S Customer Loyalty Model
Authors: Garland Ron , Gendall Philip 
Published: July 2010

A widely cited model of customer loyalty is the typology proposed by Dick and Basu (1994) that depicts loyalty as a two-dimensional construct involving relative attitude and repeat patronage. However, while Dick and Basu conceptualise the loyalty construct, they do not operationalise it or provide empirical evidence of its predictive ability. This paper reports a test of the predictive ability of Dick and Basu's model in personal retail banking. The study is a replication of East, Sinclair and Gendall's (2000) research on loyalty in supermarket shopping, from which these authors concluded there was little support for Dick and Basu's loyalty typology. Our study found that, in some circumstances relative attitude was a better predictor of bank loyalty than banking behaviour, while in others share of wallet (a proxy measure for repeat patronage) was better. Like East et al. (2000), we found no evidence that the prediction of customer loyalty was enhanced by the inclusion of a term for the interaction between attitude and behaviour. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that Dick and Basu's model may have some validity in subscription-type markets, like banking, where brand portfolios tend to be small and customer churn rates are relatively low.
Familial factors and suicide: an adoption study in a Swedish National Cohort
Authors: von Borczyskowski A. , Lindblad F. , Vinnerljung B. , Reintjes R. , Hjern A. 
Published: July 2010

BackgroundParental characteristics influence the risk of offspring suicide. In this study we wanted to separate the hereditary from the environmental influence of such factors by comparing their effects in the adoptedversusnon-adopted.MethodA register study was conducted in a national cohort of 2 471 496 individuals born between 1946 and 1968, including 27 600 national adoptees, followed-up for suicide during 1987–2001. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for suicide of socio-economic indicators of the childhood household and biological parents' suicide, alcohol abuse and psychiatric morbidity separately in the adopted and non-adopted. Differences in effects were tested in interaction analyses.ResultsSuicide and indicators of severe psychiatric disorder in the biological parents had similar effects on offspring suicide in the non-adopted and adopted (HR 1.5–2.3). Biological parents' alcohol abuse was a risk factor for suicide in the non-adopted group only (HR 1.8v. 0.8, interaction effect:p=0.03). The effects of childhood household socio-economic factors on suicide were similar in adopted and non-adopted individuals, with growing up in a single parent household [HR 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.4–1.5)] as the most important socio-economic risk factor for the non-adopted.ConclusionsThe main familial effects of parental suicide and psychiatric morbidity on offspring suicide are not mediated by the post-natal environment or imitation, in contrast to effects of parental alcohol abuse that are primarily mediated by the post-natal environment. Social drift over generations because of psychiatric disorders does not seem likely to explain the association of socio-economic living conditions in childhood to suicide.
Validating extended neglect tolerance model for human robot interactions in humanoid soccer robots
Authors: Mohan R. E. , Wijesoma W. S. , Calderon C. A. A. , Zhou C. J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYEstimating robot performance in human robot teams is a vital problem in human robot interaction community. In a previous work, we presented extended neglect tolerance model for estimation of robot performance, where the human operator switches control between robots sequentially based on acceptable performance levels, taking into account any false alarms in human robot interactions. Task complexity is a key parameter that directly impacts the robot performance as well as the false alarms occurrences. In this paper, we validate the extended neglect tolerance model for two robot tasks of varying complexity levels. We also present the impact of task complexity on robot performance estimations and false alarms demands. Experiments were performed with real and virtual humanoid soccer robots across tele-operated and semi-autonomous modes of autonomy. Measured false alarm demand and robot performances were largely consistent with the extended neglect tolerance model predictions for both real and virtual robot experiments. Experiments also showed that the task complexity is directly proportional to false alarm demands and inversely proportional to robot performance.
Numerical synthesis of three-dimensional gait cycles by dynamics optimization
Authors: Saidouni Tarik 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe present paper aims at generating three-dimensional cyclic gait of a biped with a locomotion system having anthropomorphic characteristics. Kinematic and dynamic models of both single and double support phases are extensively developed with a special attention devoted to the double support phase. A variety of gait constraints defining a feasible walk is taken into account. Joint trajectories are approximated by cubic spline functions connected at uniformly distributed knots. Joint coordinates at knots, walking phase durations, and independent parameters at phase transitions are the design parameters of a parametric optimization problem. Therefore, only the pattern organization and the gait speed are explicitly specified. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified and discussed through some simulation results.
A course for teaching design research methodology
Authors: Chakrabarti Amaresh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDesign research informs and supports practice by developing knowledge to improve the chances of producing successful products. Training in design research has been poorly supported. Design research uses human and natural/technical sciences, embracing all facets of design; its methods and tools are adapted from both these traditions. However, design researchers are rarely trained in methods from both the traditions. Research in traditional sciences focuses primarily on understanding phenomena related to human, natural, or technical systems. Design research focuses on supporting improvement of such systems, using understanding as a necessary but not sufficient step, and it must embrace methods for both understanding reality and developing support for its improvement. A one-semester, postgraduate-level, credited course that has been offered since 2002, entitled Methodology for Design Research, is described that teaches a methodology for carrying out research into design. Its steps are to clarify research success; to understand relevant phenomena of design and how these influence success; to use this to envision design improvement and develop proposals for supporting improvement; to evaluate support for its influence on success; and, if unacceptable, to modify, support, or improve the understanding of success and its links to the phenomena of design. This paper highlights some major issues about the status of design research and describes how design research methodology addresses these. The teaching material, model of delivery, and evaluation of the course on methodology for design research are discussed.
Methylation patterns in 5′ terminal regions of pluripotency-related genes in mature bovine gametes
Authors: Lan Jie , Hua Song , Yuan Yuan , Zhan Liping , He Xiaoning , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2010

SummaryGametogenesis is associated with DNA methylation and involves complicated and delicate gene regulation network in which stem cell marker genes exert their functions. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate DNA methylation profiles of those genes in mature gametes that have an effect on embryo development. However, to date, there are limited data available on these genes in mature gametes of bovine. Here we show methylation profiles in 5′ terminal regions of five pluripotency-related genes (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Rex1 and Fgf4) in bovine mature gametes, based on the reasoning that the five genes harbour CpG islands in their own 5′ terminal regions, which are frequently the targets of DNA methylation. The results showed that Oct4 and Fgf4 exhibited significant hypermethylation in sperm compared with that in oocytes (p < 0.01), while Sox2 and Nanog displayed relatively the same methylation levels between sperm and oocytes (p > 0.05). Additionally, Rex1 showed a relatively high methylation level in sperm than in oocytes, although no significant differences were found (p > 0.05). In conclusion, bovine mature gametes exhibited two methylation profiles in terms of the five genes, one being non-sex-specific and the other being sex-specific.
It Must be True – But How Can it Be? Some Remarks on Panpsychism and Mental Composition
Authors: Basile Pierfrancesco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough panpsychism has had a very long history, one that goes back to the very origin of western philosophy, its force has only recently been appreciated by analytic philosophers of mind. And even if many still reject the theory as utterly absurd, others have argued that it is the only genuine form of physicalism. This paper examines the case for panpsychism and argues that there are at least goodprima faciereasons for taking it seriously. In a second step, the paper discusses the main difficulty the theory has to face, the ‘composition problem’. This is the problem of explaining how the primitive experiences that are supposed to exist at the ultimate level of reality could give rise to the unified experience of a human being. What assumptions as to the nature of experience generate the composition problem? Is mental composition impossible in principle or do we simply lack at present any understanding of phenomenal parts and wholes?
Quality, Thought and Consciousness
Authors: Robinson Howard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMy objective in this essay is to argue for two things. The first is that intellectual mental states – thoughts – are not physicalistically reducible, just as qualia are not reducible. The second is that thoughts and qualia are not as different as is sometimes believed, but not because – as some empiricists thought – thoughts are qualia-like by being mental images, but because qualia are universals and their apprehension is a proto-intellectual act. I shall mainly be concerned with the first of these topics.