bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ColRS system is essential for the hunger response of glucose-growing Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Putrinš Marta , Ainelo Andres , Ilves Heili , Hõrak Rita 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe survival of bacteria largely depends on signaling systems that coordinate cell responses to environmental cues. Previous studies on the two-component ColRS signal system inPseudomonas putidarevealed a peculiar subpopulation lysis phenotype ofcolRmutant that grows on solid glucose medium. Here, we aimed to clarify the reasons for the lysis of bacteria.ResultsWe present evidence that the lysis defect ofP. putida colRmutant is linked to hunger response. A subpopulation prone to lysis was located in the periphery of bacterial cultures growing on solid medium. Cell lysis was observed in glucose-limiting, but not in glucose-rich conditions. Furthermore, lysis was also alleviated by exhaustion of glucose from the medium which was evidenced by a lower lysis of central cells compared to peripheral ones. Thus, lysis takes place at a certain glucose concentration range that most probably provides bacteria a hunger signal. An analysis of membrane protein pattern revealed several hunger-induced changes in the bacterial outer membrane: at glucose limitation the amount of OprB1 channel protein was significantly increased whereas that of OprE was decreased. Hunger-induced up-regulation of OprB1 correlated in space and time with the lysis of thecolRmutant, indicating that hunger response is detrimental to thecolR-deficient bacteria. The amount of OprB1 is controlled post-transcriptionally and derepression of OprB1 in glucose-limiting medium depends at least partly on the carbon catabolite regulator protein Crc. The essentiality of ColR in hunger response can be bypassed by reducing the amount of certain outer membrane proteins. In addition to depletion of OprB1, the lysis defect ofcolRmutant can be suppressed by the down-regulation of OprF levels and the hindering of SecB-dependent protein secretion.ConclusionsWe show thatPseudomonas putidagrowing on solid glucose medium adapts to glucose limitation through up-regulation of the sugar channel protein OprB1 that probably allows enhanced acquisition of a limiting nutrient. However, to survive such hunger response bacteria need signalling by the ColRS system. Hence, the ColRS system should be considered a safety factor in hunger response that ensures the welfare of the cell membrane during the increased expression of certain membrane proteins.
The somatostatinergic system in the mammalian cochlea
Authors: Radojevic Vesna , Hanusek Claudia , Setz Cristian , Brand Yves , Kapfhammer Josef P , Bodmer Daniel 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Little is known about expression and function of the somatostatinergic system in the mammalian cochlea. We have previously shown that somatostatin administration may have a protective effect on gentamicin-induced hair cell loss. In this study, we have analyzed the cochlear expression of somatostatin receptor 1 (SST1) and somatostatin receptor 2 (SST2) at both the mRNA and the protein level in wild-type mice, as well as in SST1 and SST2 knock-out (KO) mice and in cultivated neurosensory cells.

Results
We demonstrate that the somatostatin receptors SST1 and SST2 are specifically expressed in outer and inner hair cells (HCs) of the organ of Corti (OC), as well as in defined supporting cells. The expression of SST1 and SST2 receptors in cultivated P5 mouse OC explants was similar to their expression in inner and outer hair cells. Somatostatin itself was not expressed in the mammalian cochlea, suggesting that somatostatin reaches its receptors either through the blood-labyrinthine barrier from the systemic circulation or via the endolymphatic duct from the endolymphatic sac. We used mice with a deletion of either SST1 or SST2 to learn more about the regulation of SST1 and SST2 receptor expression. We demonstrate that in SST1 KO mice, SST2 was expressed in outer HCs and Deiters' cells, but not in pillar cells or inner HCs, as compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, in SST2 KO mice, the expression pattern of the SST1 receptor was not altered relative to wild-type mice.

Conclusions
These findings reveal that somatostatin receptors demonstrate specific expression in HCs and supporting cells of the mouse cochlea, and that absence of SST1 alters the expression of SST2. This specific expression pattern suggests that somatostatin receptors may have important functional roles in the inner ear.
Acute inhalation of hypertonic saline does not improve mucociliary clearance in all children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Laube Beth L , Sharpless Gail , Carson Kathryn A , Kelly Amber , Mogayzel Peter J 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Little is known of how mucociliary clearance (MCC) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and normal pulmonary function compares with healthy adults, or how an acute inhalation of 7% hypertonic saline (HS) aerosol affects MCC in these same children.

Methods
We compared MCC in 12 children with CF and normal pulmonary function after an acute inhalation of 0.12% saline (placebo), or HS, admixed with the radioisotope 99 mtechnetium sulfur colloid in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. Mucociliary clearance on the placebo day in the children was also compared to MCC in 10 healthy, non-CF adults. Mucociliary clearance was quantified over a 90 min period, using gamma scintigraphy, and is reported as MCC at 60 min (MCC60) and 90 min (MCC90).

Results
Median [interquartile range] MCC60 and MCC90 in the children on the placebo visit were 15.4 [12.4-24.5]% and 19.3 [17.3-27.8%]%, respectively, which were similar to the adults with 17.8 [6.4-28.7]% and 29.6 [16.1-43.5]%, respectively. There was no significant improvement in MCC60 (2.2 [-6.2-11.8]%) or MCC90 (2.3 [-1.2-10.5]%) with HS, compared to placebo. In addition, 5/12 and 4/12 of the children showed a decrease in MCC60 and MCC90, respectively, after inhalation of HS. A post hoc subgroup analysis of the change in MCC90 after HS showed a significantly greater improvement in MCC in children with lower placebo MCC90 compared to those with higher placebo MCC90 (p = 0.045).

Conclusions
These data suggest that percent MCC varies significantly between children with CF lung disease and normal pulmonary functions, with some children demonstrating MCC values within the normal range and others showing MCC values that are below normal values. In addition, although MCC did not improve in all children after inhalation of HS, improvement did occur in children with relatively low MCC values after placebo. This finding suggests that acute inhalation of hypertonic saline may benefit a subset of children with low MCC values.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01293084
Occult HCV or delayed viral clearance from lymphocytes of Chronic HCV genotype 3 patients after interferon therapy
Authors: Muazzam Ambreen G , Qureshi Saleem , Mansoor Atika , Ali Lubna , Iqbal Musarrat , Siddiqi Saima , Khan Khalid M , Mazhar Kehkashan 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
A recently discovered occult HCV entity reported by various investigators seems to be highly controversial. Especially, the clinical significance of these findings remains uncertain. For optimal outcome of antiviral therapy, investigation of occult HCV needs a broad-based probe in order to investigate the results of viral therapy and its host/viral interaction. The current study was aimed at determining the prevalence of occult HCV in peripheral blood lymphocytes of predominantly genotype 3 HCV-infected patients after completion of antiviral therapy and to investigate long term outcomes in the presence or absence of PBMC positivity.

Method
A total of 151 chronic, antiHCV and serum RNA-positive patients were enrolled in the study. Patients with a complete virological response at the end of treatment were screened for the presence of viral RNA in their PBMCs and were followed for up to one year for the presence of serum and PBMC viral genomic RNA.

Results
Out of 151 patients, 104 (70%) responded to the prescribed interferon treatment and showed viral-clearance from serum. These were screened for the presence of genomic RNA in their PBMCs. Sixteen samples were PBMC-positive for viral RNA at the end of treatment (EOT). All these patients had also cleared the virus from peripheral blood cells after the 6-12 month follow-up study.

Conclusion
True occult hepatitis C virus does not exist in our cohort. Residual viremia at the EOT stage merely reflects a difference in viral kinetics in various compartments that remains a target of immune response even after the end of antiviral therapy and is eventually cleared out at the sustained viral response (SVR).
Semiconducting properties of layered cadmium sulphide-based hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: López-Cabaña Zoraya , Sotomayor Torres Clivia Marfa , González Guillermo 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A series of hybrid cadmium salt/cationic surfactant layered nanocomposites containing different concentrations of cadmium sulphide was prepared by exchanging chloride by sulphide ions in the layered precursor CdX
x
(OH)
y
(CnTA)
z
in a solid phase/gas reaction, resulting in a series of layered species exhibiting stoichiometries corresponding to CdS
v
X
x
(OH)
y
(CnTA)
z
, constituted by two-dimensional CdCl2/CdS ultra-thin sheets sandwiched between two self-assembled surfactant layers. The electronic structure of CdS in the nanocomposite is similar to that of bulk, but showing the expected features of two-dimensional confinement of the semiconductor. The nanocomposite band gap is found to depend in a non-linear manner on both the length of the hydrocarbon chain of the surfactant and the concentration of the sulphide in the inorganic sheet. The products show photocatalytic activity at least similar and usually better than that of "bulk" CdS in a factor of two.
Call admission control with heterogeneous mobile stations in cellular/WLAN interworking systems
Authors: Lim Hyung-Taig , Kim Younghyun , Pack Sangheon , Kang Chul-Hee 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Although different call admission control (CAC) schemes have been proposed for cellular-wireless local area network (WLAN) interworking systems, no studies consider mobile stations (MSs) only with a single interface (for either WLANs or cellular networks) and thus these MSs will experience higher call blocking and dropping probabilities. In this article, we propose a new CAC scheme that considers both the MSs with a single interface and with dual interfaces. By employing the concept of guard-bands, the proposed CAC scheme gives higher priority to MSs with a single interface than those with dual interfaces to accommodate more MSs. The call blocking and dropping probabilities are analyzed using Markov chains and how to determine appropriate guard bands for CAC is investigated through cost minimization problems. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve lower blocking probabilities compared with existing schemes that do not include single interface MSs.
Strong convergence theorems for variational inequalities and fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Bunyawat Aunyarat , Suantai Suthep 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA new general iterative method for finding a common element of the set of solutions of variational inequality and the set of common fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings is introduced and studied. A strong convergence theorem of the proposed iterative scheme to a common fixed point of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings and a solution of variational inequality of an inverse strongly monotone mapping are established. Moreover, we apply our main result to obtain strong convergence theorems for a countable family of nonexpansive mappings and a strictly pseudocontractive mapping, and a countable family of uniformly k-strictly pseudocontractive mappings and an inverse strongly monotone mapping. Our main results improve and extend the corresponding result obtained by Klin-eam and Suantai (J Inequal Appl 520301, 16 pp, 2009).Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 47H09, 47H10
Some results over thin-thick sets in cone locally convex spaces
Authors: Cancan Murat 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this article, it is investigated some concepts of normed space like norming, thin-thick sets in cone locally convex spaces. It is also worked some impacts of thick sets over the uniform quasi-boundedness principles in cone locally convex spaces such that weak*-bounded sets are strong*-bounded iff the space is a B - M space. It is demonstrated that these principles emerge under some weaker conditions with aim to thick sets. Moreover, it is displayed that the concept of thick is a duality invariant, that is, all suitable topologies for some cone locally convex space have the same thick sets.
Fixed point theorems and Δ-convergence theorems for generalized hybrid mappings on CAT(0) spaces
Authors: Lin Lai-Jiu , Chuang Chih-Sheng , Yu Zenn-Tsun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce generalized hybrid mapping on CAT(0) spaces. The class of generalized hybrid mappings contains the class of nonexpansive mappings, nonspreading mappings, and hybrid mappings. We study the fixed point theorems of generalized hybrid mappings on CAT(0) spaces. We also consider some iteration processes for generalized hybrid mappings on CAT(0) spaces, and our results generalize some results of fixed point theorems on CAT(0) spaces and Hilbert spaces.
An overview on ELISA techniques for FMD
Authors: Ma Li-na , Zhang Jie , Chen Hao-tai , Zhou Jian-hua , Ding Yao-zhong , Liu Yong-sheng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundFMD is one of the major causes of economic loss of cloven-hoofed animals in the world today. The assessment of dominant genotype/lineage and prevalent trends and confirmation the presence of infection or vaccination not only provides scientific basis and first-hand information for appropriate control measure but also for disease eradication and regaining FMD free status following an outbreak. Although different biological and serological approaches are still applied to study this disease, ELISA test based on the distinct format, antigen type and specific antibody reinforce its predominance in different research areas of FMD, and this may replace the traditional methods in the near future. This review gives comprehensive insight on ELISA currently available for typing, antigenic analysis, vaccination status differentiation and surveillance vaccine purity and content at all stages of manufacture in FMDV. Besides, some viewpoint about the recent advances and trends of ELISA reagent for FMD are described here.MethodsMore than 100 studies regarding ELISA method available for FMD diagnosis, antigenic analysis and monitor were thoroughly reviewed. We investigated previous sagacious results of these tests on their sensitivity, specificity.ResultsWe found that in all ELISA formats for FMD, antibody-trapping and competitive ELISAs have high specificity and RT-PCR (oligoprobing) ELISA has extra sensitivity. A panel of monoclonal antibodies to different sites or monoclonal antibody in combination of antiserum is the most suitable combination of antibodies in ELISA for FMD. Even though from its beginning, 3ABC is proven to be best performance in many studies, no single NSP can differentiate infected from vaccinated animals with complete confidence. Meanwhile, recombinant antigens and peptide derived from FMDV NPs, and NSPs have been developed for use as an alternative to the inactivated virus antigen for security.ConclusionsThere is a need of target protein, which accurately determines the susceptible animal status based on the simple, fast and reliable routine laboratory test. A further alternative based on virus-like particle (VLP, also called empty capsids) in combination of high throughput antibody technique (Phage antibody library/antibody microarray) may be the powerful ELISA diagnostic reagents in future.
Chromatin regulated interchange between polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-Ezh2 and PRC2-Ezh1 complexes controls myogenin activation in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Stojic Lovorka , Jasencakova Zuzana , Prezioso Carolina , Stützer Alexandra , Bodega Beatrice , Pasini Diego , Klingberg Rebecca , Mozzetta Chiara , Margueron Raphael , Puri Pier Lorenzo , Schwarzer Dirk , Helin Kristian , Fischle Wolfgang , Orlando Valerio 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Polycomb group (PcG) genes code for chromatin multiprotein complexes that are responsible for maintaining gene silencing of transcriptional programs during differentiation and in adult tissues. Despite the large amount of information on PcG function during development and cell identity homeostasis, little is known regarding the dynamics of PcG complexes and their role during terminal differentiation.

Results
We show that two distinct polycomb repressive complex (PRC)2 complexes contribute to skeletal muscle cell differentiation: the PRC2-Ezh2 complex, which is bound to the myogenin (MyoG) promoter and muscle creatine kinase (mCK) enhancer in proliferating myoblasts, and the PRC2-Ezh1 complex, which replaces PRC2-Ezh2 on MyoG promoter in post-mitotic myotubes. Interestingly, the opposing dynamics of PRC2-Ezh2 and PRC2-Ezh1 at these muscle regulatory regions is differentially regulated at the chromatin level by Msk1 dependent methyl/phospho switch mechanism involving phosphorylation of serine 28 of the H3 histone (H3S28ph). While Msk1/H3S28ph is critical for the displacement of the PRC2-Ezh2 complex, this pathway does not influence the binding of PRC2-Ezh1 on the chromatin. Importantly, depletion of Ezh1 impairs muscle differentiation and the chromatin recruitment of MyoD to the MyoG promoter in differentiating myotubes. We propose that PRC2-Ezh1 is necessary for controlling the proper timing of MyoG transcriptional activation and thus, in contrast to PRC2-Ezh2, is required for myogenic differentiation.

Conclusions
Our data reveal another important layer of epigenetic control orchestrating skeletal muscle cell terminal differentiation, and introduce a novel function of the PRC2-Ezh1 complex in promoter setting.
Performance of endovenous foam sclerotherapy in the USA
Authors: Rathbun S , Norris A , Morrison N , Gibson K , Hohenwalter E , Lohr J , Raymond-Martimbeau P , Worthington-Kirsch R , Stoner J 
Published: September 2011

Purpose To assess practice patterns of endovenous foam sclerotherapy (EFS) use in the USA. Methods A multidisciplinary panel of US experts was convened and developed a questionnaire to assess use of EFS. US attendees at the American College of Phlebology 2009 Annual Congress were asked to complete the questionnaire. Results Of 776 questionnaires distributed, 239 were completed (31%). The majority of respondents (87%) reported using EFS for the treatment of venous disorders. Foam sclerotherapy was used by a wide variety of specialists in every region of the USA. The most common indication was sclerosis of recurrent truncal or tributary veins of the leg. There was variation among practitioners in the indications for use, pre- and postprocedural evaluation and procedure methodology. Conclusions The results of this questionnaire show widespread usage of EFS and are important in the development of national quality improvement guidelines for the performance of EFS.
Determination of asymmetric dimethyl arginine in human serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: clinical application in hypertensive subjects
Authors: Gervasoni Jacopo , Bonelli Fabio , Zuppi Cecilia , Zappacosta Bruno , Mordente Alvaro , Calvani Riccardo , Persichilli Silvia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAsymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction processes. Recent studies have linked high ADMA levels with several pathological conditions. The interest as a marker of endothelial dysfunction has increased in the last few years. In this paper, a method for serum ADMA quantification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has been described. To test the utility in a pathological condition ADMA levels in hypertensive subjects have been measured.HPLC separation was performed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography using acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% formic acid and 20 mmol/L ammonium formate. Selected reaction monitoring was performed following the transitions m/z 203.1→46.4 for ADMA and 210.1→46.3 for the internal standard [The method was linear up to 10 μmol/L, limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.005 μmol/L and 0.01 μmol/L, respectively. Recovery was higher than 96%. Intra- and inter-assay imprecision were lower than 6%. The accuracy, expressed as bias %, was <2.5. ADMA in “healthy” subjects ranged from 0.343 to 0.608 μmol/L and resulted significantly lower than that measured in hypertensive subjects (p<0.001).The method developed is selective and sensitive, thus suitable not only for research purposes, but also for routinely work.
Influence of hemolysis on troponin testing: studies on Beckman Coulter UniCel Dxl 800 Accu-TnI and overview of the literature
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Avanzini Paola , Dipalo Mariella , Aloe Rosalia , Cervellin Gianfranco 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHemolyzed specimens are the leading pre-analytical problem in the laboratory practice, and exert a negative impact on test results. We assessed the reliability of Beckman Coulter UniCel Dxl 800 Accu-TnI testing on hemolyzed specimens.Twelve non-hemolyzed KAs compared with aliquot #A (HI: 0), a progressive increase of hemolysis occurred in aliquots #B (HI: 25) and #C (HI: 45). The concentration of Accu-TnI gradually decreased from aliquots #A (0.89 μg/L, 0.20–20.16 μg/L), to aliquots #B (0.81 μg/L, 95% CI 0.17–18.37 μg/L; p=0.041) and #C (0.78 μg/L, 95% CI 0.15–17.48 μg/L; p=0.026). In 0/12 (aliquots #B) and 3/12 cases (aliquots #C) the percent decrease exceeded 20% variation. The values remained unchanged in nine samples with Accu-TnI <0.04 μg/L.Accu-TnI values decrease in hemolyzed samples, but the bias might not be clinically significant in samples with hemoglobin <14.5 g/L.
Surveillance of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Untreated Young Children Living in the Central African Republic
Authors: Charpentier Charlotte , Gody Jean-Chrysostome , Tisserand Pascaline , Matta Mathieu , Péré Hélène , Fournier Julien , Mbitikon Olivia , Bélec Laurent 
Published: September 2011

Background A survey of drug resistance-associated mutations (DRMs) was conducted in 2009 among 77 vertically HIV-infected children not treated by antiretroviral drugs, followed up at the Complexe Pédiatrique of Bangui, (Bangui, Central African Republic), a country where HIV mother-to-child transmission is prevented by the wide use of single-dose nevirapine in delivering mother and neonate. Methods Protease and reverse transcriptase sequencing was performed using the ViroSeq HIV-1 genotyping system, and DRMs were identified according to the 2009 update surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance. Results DRMs were detected in 6 out of 43 samples with interpretable genotypic resistance tests, leading to a ‘moderate’ DRM prevalence of 13.9% (95% CI 3.5–24.3). DRM to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found in 5 samples (11.6% [95% CI, 2.0–21.2]) involving K103N, Y181C and G190A mutations. DRMs to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was found in 1 sample (2.3% [95% CI 0.0–6.8]), with the K219Q mutation. No DRMs to protease inhibitors was detected. Conclusions This survey predicts a moderate (between 5% and 15%) prevalence of DRMs in the Central African HIV-infected paediatric population of Bangui. These observations highlight the need to make an early diagnosis of the possibility of virological failure in Central African children receiving their first-line antiretroviral regimen.