bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic performance of eccentrically braced frame with vertical link using PBPD method
Authors: Shayanfar M. A. , Rezaeian A. R. , Zanganeh A. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThere are special guidelines to design the structures resistant to earthquake forces; parameters such as conditions of the site, seismicity of the site, importance of the structure and the type of the structure are the main effective factors. Consideration of these parameters in calculation and distribution of the earthquake forces are significantly different in various design codes. In most of these design codes, the computation and distribution of earthquake forces are based upon the elastic structural analysis. In this approach, the real behavior of structure is not considered and it may consequently sustain big displacements and irretrievable damages. Therefore, a new design method has been utilized in this paper by which the base shear and its distribution in the height of the structure are calculated according to the plastic behavior of structure and takes advantage of energy balance. The latter is known as performance‐based plastic design method. The study of the behavior of eccentrically braced frames with vertical links while undertaking earthquake loads using performance‐based plastic design method is the main purpose of this study. It is also worthy of notion that the frames are designed using a capacity design method. In addition, the results are compared with those of the International Building Code 2009 method; the results demonstrate that the plastic hinges, the interstory drifts and plastic rotation of links are distributed more uniformly in the height of frames designed by the suggested method compared to International Building Code 2009. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prolonged Portal Triad Clamping Increases Postoperative Sepsis after Major Hepatectomy in Patients with Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome and/or Steatohepatitis
Authors: Narita Masato , Oussoultzoglou Elie , Fuchshuber Pascal , Chenard Marie‐Pierre , Rosso Edoardo , Yamamoto Keiichi , Jaeck Daniel , Bachellier Philippe 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundPortal triad clamping (PTC) has been widely adopted in an attempt to decrease bleeding during liver parenchymal transection. As a larger proportion of patients are treated with chemotherapy prior to liver resection, the safety of PTC in patients with chemotherapy‐associated liver injury remains poorly investigated. This study aims to evaluate the influence of PTC on early postoperative outcomes in patients with chemotherapy‐associated liver injury undergoing major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CLM).Patients and methodsFrom January 2000 to October 2010, 53 patients with histologically proven chemotherapy‐associated liver injuries [sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS; n = 41), steatohepatitis (n = 5), and both SOS and steatohepatitis (n = 7)] who underwent major hepatectomy for CLM were divided into two groups; patients undergoing intermittent TPC (n = 20) and those who did not undergo TPC (n = 33). Perioperative clinicobiological factors, morbidity including septic complications, and mortality were analyzed and compared between the two groups.ResultsIntraoperative blood transfusions and postoperative liver function were comparable between the two groups. Sepsis and biloma occurred more often in patients undergoing PTC longer than 30 min than in those undergoing PTC ≤30 min (66.7 % versus 17.1 %, p = 0.002, and 33.3 versus 0 %, p = 0.002, respectively). A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged PTC (>30 min) and the ratio of future liver remnant volume to total liver volume ≤43 % were independent factors for predicting postoperative sepsis [odds ratio (OR): 32.68; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI): 2.86–372.82; p = 0.005—and odds ratio: 9.70; 95 % CI: 1.04–90.86; p = 0.047, respectively].ConclusionsPortal triad clamping can be safely used in patients with chemotherapy‐associated liver injury who require major liver resection. Prolonged PTC can increase the occurrence of postoperative biliary and septic complications.
Role of Antibiotic Therapy in Mild Acute Calculus Cholecystitis: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mazeh Haggi , Mizrahi Ido , Dior Uri , Simanovsky Natalia , Shapiro Mervyn , Freund Herbert R. , Eid Ahmed 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundCurrent recommendations for treating acute calculus cholecystitis include the use of intravenous antibiotics, although these recommendations were never tested scientifically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of intravenous antibiotic therapy in patients with mild acute calculus cholecystitis.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized controlled trial, 84 patients with a diagnosis of mild acute calculus cholecystitis were randomly assigned to supportive treatment only or supportive treatment with intravenous antibiotic treatment (42 patients in each arm). Patients were followed through their index admission and until delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed.ResultsThe two study groups did not differ in their demographic data or in the clinical presentation and disease severity. Analysis was conducted on the intent‐to‐treat basis. Patients in the intravenous antibiotics arm resumed a liquid diet earlier (1.7 vs. 2.2 days, p = 0.02) but did not significantly differ in resumption of regular diet (2.8 vs. 3.2 days, p = 0.16) or hospital length of stay (LOS) (3.9 vs. 3.8 days, p = 0.89). Patients in the intravenous antibiotics arm had rates of percutaneous cholecystostomy tube placement (12 vs. 5 %, p = 0.43), readmissions (19 vs. 13 %, p = 0.73), and perioperative course similar to those not receiving antibiotics. The overall hospital LOS, including initial hospitalization and subsequent cholecystectomy, was similar for both groups (5.6 vs. 5.1 days, p = 0.29). Eight (19 %) patients in the supportive arm were crossed over to the intravenous antibiotic arm during the index admission.ConclusionsIntravenous antibiotic treatment does not improve the hospital course or early outcome in most of the patients with mild acute calculus cholecystitis.
Developing a Perioperative Educational Video Web Site
Authors: O'Dowd Bell Lynn 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNurses frequently have to adjust to changes in technology, particularly in the OR, but cataloging the wealth of resources commonly used in the OR (eg, equipment, supplies, how to use them) has not kept pace. To address this, I worked with the information systems administrative coordinator at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, to design and implement a perioperative intranet site that includes videos and fact sheets about equipment and supplies and that can be accessed by all perioperative staff members. This required promoting the idea and getting stakeholder sign‐on, soliciting videotapes and DVDs and screening all submissions for appropriateness, choosing and formatting applicable resources for use on the site, working with members of the information systems department to create a web site after the video library was assembled, and helping staff members use and accept the site as a valuable educational resource. This intranet web site has been available to staff members for two years, and data from a recent survey of staff members and from mandatory intranet inservice compliance programs show evidence of its effectiveness.
Educating for the Future
Authors: Castelluccio Donna 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe current lack of perioperative clinical rotations in nursing schools makes it imperative that perioperative nurses create ways to entice the next generation of nurses to work in the OR. At Danbury Hospital, Danbury, Connecticut, the OR manager and clinical educators looked at the challenges that nursing students face in the perioperative clinical setting and created an orientation to help to ease their fears about observing in the OR, familiarize them with the perioperative nursing role, and perhaps encourage more nursing students to consider perioperative nursing as a career. We used the “AORN guidance statement: The value of clinical learning activities in the perioperative setting in undergraduate nursing curricula” as a framework for a perioperative orientation class that addresses the challenges and meets the students' academic goals. We also used the nursing curriculum objectives from Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, to plan the students' clinical experience in surgery. Our approach has attracted more student interest in perioperative nursing than in previous years, resulting in more students requesting a perioperative clinical rotation or senior practicum.
Clinical Issues—April 2012
Authors: Ogg Mary J. 
Published: March 2012

This MonthPatient monitoring during moderate sedation administrationKey words: moderate sedation, capnography, exhaled carbon dioxide, end‐tidal carbon dioxide, pulse oximetry.Maintenance requirements for eyewash stationsKey words: eyewash stations, hazardous chemicals.Electrosurgery and fire preventionKey words: fire prevention, electrosurgery handpiece, laparoscopic electrosurgery.Preventing alternate site burns from hair accessories during electrosurgeryKey words: electrosurgery, hair weaves, bobby pins, metal, alternate site burn.
Anticoagulation Management in the Ambulatory Surgical Setting
Authors: Eisenstein Diana Hill 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMany people receiving maintenance anticoagulation therapy require surgery each year in ambulatory surgery centers. National safety organizations focus attention toward improving anticoagulation management, and the American College of Chest Physicians has established guidelines for appropriate anticoagulation management to balance the risk of thromboembolism when warfarin is discontinued with the risk of bleeding when anticoagulation therapy is maintained. The guidelines recommend that patients at high or moderate risk for thromboembolism should be bridged with subcutaneous low‐molecular‐weight heparin or IV unfractionated heparin with the interruption of warfarin, and low‐risk patients may require subcutaneous low‐molecular‐weight heparin or no bridging with the interruption of warfarin. The guidelines recommend the continuation of warfarin for patients who are undergoing minor dermatologic or dental procedures or cataract removal. The literature reveals, however, that there is not adequate adherence to these recommendations and guidelines. Management of anticoagulation therapy by a nurse practitioner may improve compliance and safety in ambulatory surgery centers.
The association between pelvic girdle pain and urinary incontinence among pregnant women in the second trimester
Authors: Fitzgerald Colleen M. , Santos Lynette R. , Mallinson Trudy 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association among pelvic girdle pain (PGP), urinary incontinence (UI), and pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function in pregnant women in the second trimester.MethodsFifty‐five pregnant women (29 with PGP and 26 without) were enrolled. Urinary incontinence was measured via the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form. Vaginal examination assessed PFM contract–relax patterns and muscle strength.ResultsOverall, 51 women (26 with PGP and 25 without) were included in the final analyses. After controlling for PFM muscle strength, women with PGP were significantly more likely to have UI (P = 0.03). After controlling for pain status, having little or no PFM contraction was significantly associated with UI (P = 0.03). There was no association between PGP and PFM weakness.ConclusionThere was an association between PGP and UI and between UI and PFM weakness among the study participants. Lack of PFM weakness in women with PGP during pregnancy may reflect acuity of pain or measurement error.
Disruption of the bottom log layer in large-eddy simulations of full-depth Langmuir circulation
Authors: Tejada-Martínez A. E. , Grosch C. E. , Sinha N. , Akan C. , Martinat G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report on disruption of the log layer in the resolved bottom boundary layer in large-eddy simulations (LES) of full-depth Langmuir circulation (LC) in a wind-driven shear current in neutrally-stratified shallow water. LC consists of parallel counter-rotating vortices that are aligned roughly in the direction of the wind and are generated by the interaction of the wind-driven shear with the Stokes drift velocity induced by surface gravity waves. The disruption is analysed in terms of mean velocity, budgets of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and budgets of TKE components. For example, in terms of mean velocity, the mixing due to LC induces a large wake region eroding the classical log-law profile within the range $90\lt { x}_{3}^{+ } \lt 200$. The dependence of this disruption on wind and wave forcing conditions is investigated. Results indicate that the amount of disruption is primarily determined by the wavelength of the surface waves generating LC. These results have important implications for turbulence parameterizations for Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of the coastal ocean.
Daytime restricted feeding modifies 24 h rhythmicity and subcellular distribution of liver glucocorticoid receptor and the urea cycle in rat liver
Authors: Luna-Moreno Dalia , García-Ayala Braulio , Díaz-Muñoz Mauricio 
Published: March 2012

The timing system in mammals is formed by a set of peripheral biological clocks coordinated by a light-entrainable pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Daytime restricted feeding (DRF) modifies the circadian control and uncouples the light-dependent physiological rhythmicity, food access becoming the principal external time cue. In these conditions, an alternative biological clock is expressed, the food-entrainable oscillator (FEO). Glucocorticoid hormones are an important part of the humoral mechanisms in the daily synchronisation of the metabolic response of peripheral oscillators by the timing system. A peak of circulating corticosterone has been reported before food access in DRF protocols. In the present study we explored in the liver the 24 h variations of: (1) the subcellular distribution of glucocorticoid receptor (GCR), (2) the activities of the corticosterone-forming and NADPH-generating enzymes (11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH)), and, (3) parameters related with the urea cycle (circulating urea and activities of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase) elicited by DRF. The results showed that DRF promoted an increase of more than two times of the hepatic GCR, but exclusively in the cytosolic compartment, since the GCR in the nuclear fraction showed a reduction. No changes were observed in the activities of 11β-HSD-1 and H6PDH, but the rhythmicity of all of the urea cycle-related parameters was modified. It is concluded that liver glucocorticoid signalling and the urea cycle are responsive to feeding-restricted schedules and could be part of the FEO.
THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF CITRUS (CITRUSSPP.): A REVIEW
Authors: CARR M. K. V. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThe results of research on the water relations and irrigation need ofCitrusspp. are collated and reviewed in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to drought mitigation and irrigation practices. Background information is given on the centres of origin (south-east Asia) and of production of citrus (areas with subtropical Mediterranean-type climates). The effects of water stress on the development processes of the crop are summarised followed by reviews of the plant water relations, crop water requirements, water productivity and irrigation systems. The topic is complicated by the diversity of species and cultivars (including rootstocks) that are embraced withinCitrusspp. The effects of water availability on vegetative growth are understood in general terms, but the relationships have not yet been quantified. Similarly, the need for a ‘rest period’ to induce flowering is understood, but its magnitude (in terms of a drought stress index or day-degrees) does not appear to have been specified with precision. Again, the effects of drought on flower and fruit formation and retention are understood in general terms, but the relationships have not been quantified in useful ways for specific cultivars. Rooting depth and distribution have only been described in a limited number of situations. Environmental factors influencing stomatal conductances are generally well described and relationships with some growth processes established. Compared with other crops, low stomatal/canopy conductance restricts water use ofCitrusspp. Some (limited) progress has been made in quantifying crop water requirements in specific conditions. Despite many recent attempts to specify how little water can be applied at specific growth stages to optimise water productivity through regulated deficit irrigation, no consensus view has emerged. The yield response to ‘full’ irrigation is of the order 6–7 kg fresh fruit m−3as a result of an increase in the number of fruit of marketable size. There are also improvements in fruit quality. The most effective way of irrigating a citrus orchard is with a microirrigation system (drip or microsprinklers), but both methods require answers to the question: what proportion of the root zone needs to be irrigated? Both methods, especially drip, allow water to be applied (with fertigation) at very frequent intervals (including several times a day), although formal evidence of the benefits to be obtained from this level of intensification is lacking.
The EU ban on the import of seal products and the WTO regulations: neglected human rights of the Arctic indigenous peoples?
Authors: Hossain Kamrul 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe EU ban on the import and commercialising of seals and seal products in the EU market, has attracted intense attention in recent years. As seal products mostly originate from outside the EU, it is argued that the EU action has been discriminatory and hence contrary to the WTO regulations. Canada and Norway have been critical of the EU regulation and have initiated dispute settlement procedures within the WTO since most of the products that enter into the internal market are mainly from these countries. The ban also provoked anger within the Inuit and other indigenous communities, mainly from Canada and Greenland. Although the EU regulation provides an exception for Inuit and indigenous hunts and the subsequent commercialisation of resulting products into the internal market, the exception suffers from clarity and lacks proper implementation procedures. The regulation is predicted to lead to the ultimate disappearance of the seal market in the EU, which directly affects the Inuit and other indigenous peoples engaged in sealing activities. They may lose their means of subsistence. While analysing the critical issues concerning the EU and the WTO regulations and its exceptions, the article focuses on the human rights perspective of the Arctic indigenous peoples affected by the EU ban.
Commissioning in the English National Health Service: What's the Problem?
Authors: CHECKLAND KATH , HARRISON STEPHEN , SNOW STEPHANIE , MCDERMOTT IMELDA , COLEMAN ANNA 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe English NHS is currently organised around a split between the ‘commissioning’ and the ‘providing’ of health care. There has been considerable critical comment about commissioning, focusing upon perceived inadequacies of the regulatory structure and a perceived lack of competence of the managers concerned. In this paper, we use empirical data from two detailed studies of commissioning to propose a third explanation of the difficulties that have been observed in making commissioning work. We apply Scott's institutional analysis to the issue, arguing that far from reflecting managerial incompetence, some of the difficulties experienced are inherent in the normative and cultural/cognitive pillars of the NHS institution, so that there is a lack of ‘fit’ between commissioning and the institutional characteristics of the NHS. We conclude by exploring the potential impact of the latest round of NHS changes on this institution.
Integrated prevention of obesity and eating disorders: barriers, developments and opportunities
Authors: Sánchez-Carracedo David , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne , López-Guimerà Gemma 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe serious consequences of obesity and eating disorders (ED), difficulties encountered in treatment and the high prevalence of these conditions are important reasons to develop efforts aimed at their prevention. The implementation of integrated interventions aimed at preventing risk factors for both obesity and ED constitutes a very exciting development. In the present paper we discuss and review the main reasons for an integrated approach to the spectrum of eating- and weight-related problems, which include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, anorexic and bulimic behaviours, unhealthy dieting practices, body dissatisfaction, binge-eating disorder, overweight and obesity. Given differences between the fields with regard to current perspectives and objectives, key barriers to an integrated approach to prevention are discussed. In order to show the possibilities of development of this approach, we review the main contributions made to date in the fields of both obesity and ED prevention. In particular, environmental approaches in the prevention of obesity and ED are reviewed, given their potential for preventing a broad spectrum of eating- and weight-related problems. Furthermore, several examples of initiatives that have utilized an integrated approach to prevention are discussed.DesignNarrative review.ConclusionsWe recommend a scenario in which the two fields share knowledge to enhance the difficult work of preventing and treating both ED and obesity.
Large‐scale observations of a subauroral polarization stream by midlatitude SuperDARN radars: Instantaneous longitudinal velocity variations
Authors: Clausen L. B. N. , Baker J. B. H. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Greenwald R. A. , Thomas E. G. , Shepherd S. G. , Talaat E. R. , Bristow W. A. , Zheng Y. , Coster A. J. , Sazykin S. 
Published: March 2012

We present simultaneous measurements of flow velocities inside a subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) made by six midlatitude high‐frequency SuperDARN radars. The instantaneous observations cover three hours of universal time and six hours of magnetic local time (MLT). From velocity variations across the field‐of‐view of the radars we infer the local 2D flow direction at three different longitudes. We find that the local flow direction inside the SAPS channel is remarkably constant over the course of the event. The flow speed, however, shows significant temporal and spatial variations. After correcting for the radar look direction we are able to accurately determine the dependence of the SAPS velocity on magnetic local time. We find that the SAPS velocity variation with magnetic local time is best described by an exponential function. The average velocity at 00 MLT was 1.2 km/s and it decreased with a spatial e‐folding scale of two hours of MLT toward the dawn sector. We speculate that the longitudinal distribution of pressure gradients in the ring current is responsible for this dependence and find these observations in good agreement with results from ring current models. Using TEC measurements we find that the high westward velocities of the SAPS are ‐ as expected ‐ located in a region of low TEC values, indicating low ionospheric conductivities.