bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Rat Bone Marrow Cells Cultured in Diffusion Chambers: Effect of Heterologous Implantation and Irradiation of the Host
Authors: Petersen B. Heier , Meyer T. , Tjernshaugen H. 
Published: August 2010

Rat bone marrow cells were cultured in diffusion chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavities of normal or irradiated rats and mice.After implantation into normal rats there was an exponential growth of the macrophages (Td, 24 h), and a steady‐state equilibrium of granulopoiesis. In normal mice the macrophage growth was almost identical with that occurring in normal rat hosts, but the rat granulocytes were stimulated to improved growth compared to rat hosts. In preirradiated hosts (650 R) the granulopoiesis was still more enhanced (Td 58 h in rats versus 20 h in mice). The macrophages were stimulated by pre‐irradiation, but not to the same extent as granulocytes (Td 15.2 h in mice, and 12.4 h in rat hosts). The ‘effective’ progenitor cell concentration increased from 3.1 in normal rats to 14.1/105 bone marrow cells in preirradiated hosts, as measured with limiting dilution technique.The sensitivity of rat cells to environment indicates that rat cell culture may be convenient for studying the effect of long range factors on haematopoiesis.
Familial Leukaemia: A Study of 909 Families
Authors: Gunz F. W. , Gunz J. P. , Chapman C. J. , Houston I. B. 
Published: August 2010

A family survey was conducted among 909 patients with leukaemia of all types, with the purpose of establishing the incidence of further cases of leukaemia among relatives.Among a total of 41,807 relatives 8,349 were deceased, and the cause of death was objectively confirmed in 5,011.72 patients had one or more relatives with leukaemia. First degree relatives with leukaemia were much more frequent in families of patients with chronic lymphocytic than in those of patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia.The incidence of leukaemia among first degree relatives was established to be 2.8‐3.0 times, among more distant relatives about 2.3 times, and overall about 2.5 times that expected. This excess is of the order of that observed in relatives of patients with certain solid tumors.Genetic factors may have accounted for much of the excess incidence in chronic lymphocytic and acute leukaemia, but there was little evidence for a genetic background in chronic granulocytic leukaemia.With the possible exception of one family with muitiple cases, a simple Mendelian mechanism did not appear to be involved in the leukaemia families investigated. It appeared more likely that a polygenic mechanism led to a heightened susceptibility to the disease in these families.
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anaemia with Features of Both Type I and Type II
Authors: Seip Martin , Skrede Sverre , Bjerve Kristian S. , Hovig Torstein , Gaarder Per Ivar 
Published: August 2010

A 13 year old girl with the typical clinical and haematological picture of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) is reported. The bone marrow is highly cellular with 70 per cent erythroid cells, and 28% bi‐ and multinuclear cells among the orthochromatic and polychromatic erythroblasts. Moderate megaloblastoid changes are present. On light microscopy the findings are in agreement with those described in CDA type II. On electron microscopy both the cytoplasmatic changes described as typical of CDA type II, and the nuclear changes found in type I can be demonstrated. The acidified serum test (Ham test) is negative with normal sera. The patient's red blood cells show increased agglutinability with anti‐I and anti‐i antibodies, but no haemolysis. Total serum lipids are about 50% of the normal average. All lipoprotein classes are lowered to about the same extent. The total phospholipid content of the erythrocytes is slightly reduced, with a moderate, relative increase of the lecithin fraction and a decrease of the sphingomyelin fraction.Doubts can be raised about the tenability of the current classification of CDA based on morphological and serological criteria, especially about the distinction between types I and II.
Selective Eradication of Rat Bone Marrow Erythroid Cells by Administration of Cytosine Arabinoside
Authors: Ben‐Ishay Zina 
Published: August 2010

The in vivo effect of a single i.p. injection of cytosine arabinoside (250 mg/kg body weight) on the rat bone marrow is reported. Cytosine arabinoside (ara‐C), a potent inhibitor of DNA‐synthesis, was seen to produce selective necrosis of fast cycling bone marrow erythroblasts. The depleted erythroid marrow is replenished by stem cells which are members of the lymphoid‐transitional cells compartment. An indirect correlation between the degree of erythroid cell depletion and the extent of marrow lymphocytosis was noted 6–12 h after the administration of ara‐C. At 24–48 h, however, the marrow returned to its normal activity.The rat bone marrow 6–12 h following a single injection of ara‐C is suggested as an experimental model for providing stem cells committed to the erythroid line.
Immunosuppressive Treatment in Haemophiliacs with Inhibitors to Factor VIII and Factor IX
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Hedner Ulla 
Published: August 2010

9 patients with severe haemophilia A and inhibitors (inhibitor levels between 0.1 to 5.8 U/ml) and 3 patients with severe haemophilia B and inhibitors (inhibitor levels between 0.1 to 11 U/ml) were treated on a total of 16 and 13 occasions, respectively, with a large dose of antigen (factor VIII or factor IX) and cyclophosphamide (10–15 mg/kg b.w. i.v. initially and then 2–3 mg/kg b.w. orally for 7–10 days) in connection with severe bleeding and surgery. All the patients had proved not to respond to treatment with factor VIII or factor IX concentrate alone, and all except one had shown strong secondary antibody increases. In 6 of the patients with haemophilia A the treatment (11 occasions) had a satisfactory haemostatic effect and even permitted neurosurgery without bleeding complications. The inhibitor level remained at zero for 5–10 days, after which it gradually began to return towards its original level. In these cases it was possible to give factor VIII in amounts which neutralised the inhibitor and afterwards raised the factor VIII initially to at least 50%.In the 3 patients with haemophilia B treatment (13 occasions) was successful except on one occasion, and surgery was performed without abnormal bleeding. The factor IX level was initially raised to at least 50% except in the one failure. The inhibitor level remained at zero for 12 days to 3 months, after which it gradually rose towards its original level. One patient was treated on 8 occasions.
Monoclonal B‐Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Plasma Cell Myeloma
Authors: Mellstedt Håkan , Pettersson Dagny , Holm Göran 
Published: August 2010

Antisera were produced in rabbits against idiotypic determinants of the myeloma protein from 3 patients with IgG‐k myeloma. The antisera did neither cross‐react nor react with normal immunoglobulin (Ig). Idiotypic Ig‐structures were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) on 70–94 % of peripheral B‐lymphocytes in untreated patients. The total numbers of circulating B‐lymphocytes were increased with a simultaneous decrease of T‐lymphocytes. Only one of the patients had blood lymphocytes which stained for cytoplasmic Ig with idiotypic antiserum.The monoclonal lymphocyte population decreased gradually during treatment. Plasma cell counts in bone marrow, IgG concentration in serum and erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased simultaneously, while the haemoglobin concentration increased. Very few monoclonal lymphocytes were present during remission. Later, the monoclonal lymphocyte population began to increase in 2 of the patients in parallel with clinical signs indicating relapse.It is concluded that presence of monoclonal B‐lymphocytes indicates dissemination of the disease and that they may belong to the malignant cell clone.
Testicular Function after Radiotherapy to Inverted ‘Y’ Field for Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: ASBJØRNSEN G. , MOLNE K. , KLEPP O. , AAKVAAG A. 
Published: August 2010

Testicular function was estimated by sperm counts, hormone assays and recording of reported conceptions in 9 patients irradiated for malignant lymphoma. The treatment had been an inverted ‘Y’ field including the inguinal regions with, in addition, a mantle field in 8 patients.Azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia was found in all but 1 patient, and the FSH levels were uniformly elevated. Testosterone and LH were within normal limits except in 2 patients with slightly subnormal testosterone levels.7 of the patients were married to women of fertile age, and in 3 cases the wife became pregnant and gave birth to a healthy child. The time lapses from irradiation to conception were 18, 40 and 57 months. 2 of these patients had severe oligozoospermia on examination 2 and 4 months respectively from conception. Thus fertility may possibly be underestimated by sperm counting and hormone assays after this type of radiotherapy.
Infusion of Human and Canine Factor VIII in Dogs with von Willebrand's Disease: Studies of the von Willebrand and Factor VIII Synthesis Stimulating Factors
Authors: BOUMA B. N. , DODDS W. JEAN , VAN MOURIK J. A. , SIXMA J. J. , WEBSTER W. P. 
Published: August 2010

Dogs with von Willebrand's disease (VWD) were infused with a highly purified human and canine factor VIII preparation. Control infusions were performed using isotonic saline solution. Following all of the concentrate infusions, the bleeding times were shortened to within the normal range for up to 4 h. Factor VIII activity rose immediately after infusion, rapidly returned to preinfusion levels, and then increased again at 18 h. The levels of factor VIII‐related antigen (F VIII‐RA) as measured with anticanine factor VIII also increased after infusion and then gradually declined. There was no further increase in F VIII‐RA at 18 h, when the factor VIII activity showed the secondary increase characteristic of VWD. With antihuman factor VIII, two identifiable antigens were present in the plasma of the dogs given human factor VIII. The reduced platelet retention of these animals was not significantly altered following infusion, whereas ristocetin‐induced platelet aggregation was corrected in one of the dogs given human factor VIII. These studies indicate that factor VIII procoagulant and von Willebrand factor activities reside on a single molecule or form part of a molecular complex.In addition, the factor VIII preparations appeared to contain the factor VIII synthesis‐stimulating factor and/or a precursor of factor VIII procoagulant activity.
Familial Polycythaemia Vera
Authors: Manoharan A. , Garson O. Margaret 
Published: August 2010

The familial occurrence of polycythaemia vera (PV) is rare, with only 3 authentic reports in the world literature.This paper describes a family of 8 females, 3 of whom have PV and another has pernicious anaemia. Clinical and haematological data is presented to support the diagnosis of PV and exclude other causes of familial erythrocytosis. Cytogenetic studies were performed in 2 of the patients.
Blastic Transformation of Chronic Myelocytic Leukaemia Clinical Manifestations, Prognostic Factors and Results of Therapy
Authors: Pedersen‐Bjergaard Jens , Worm Anne‐Marie , Hainau Bo 
Published: August 2010

24 patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) have been followed closely during and after development of blastic transformation (BT). Severe fatigue in previously asymptomatic patients was the most frequently observed prodrome of transformation. Most significant clinical findings were anaemia, rapidly increasing WBC and increasing size of the spleen in patients with previously well‐controlled CML. 11 out of 24 patients responded to chemotherapy and had a median survival of 3 months, 6 obtained a complete remission (CR). Median survival time for all patients was 2 months from BT. Quality of life after BT was in most cases inferior. Thus, only 5 patients spent more than 1 month outside hospital.Cytomorphological classification of blasts in marrow as granular or agranular showed no correlation to the results of chemotherapy or to survival.
Studies on the Effect of Parenteral Iron, Ferastral®, an Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, on Blood Coagulation in Man
Authors: PLOEM JAN E. , JEKEL MARIANNE 
Published: August 2010

The possible influence of Ferastral®, an iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, on blood coagulation in man was investigated.Ferastral added to plasma produced no changes in blood coagulation until a final concentration of 2 000 μg/ml (35.8 mmol/l) was used, when minimal changes in blood coagulation factors were observed. Five patients were given an intramuscular injection of 250 mg Ferastral. No changes in blood coagulation and thrombocyte function were observed up to 5 hours after the initial iron injection.
Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex and Iron‐dextran in the Treatment of Severe Iron Deficiency Anaemia
Authors: Evers J. E. M. 
Published: August 2010

An investigation has been carried out to study the efficacy of iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex (Ferastral®) in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. Ferastral was given by the intramuscular route every second or third day in a dose of 500 mg, divided in two injections. These were compared with the results of a group treated with iron‐dextran given by Total Dose Infusion (TDI). A total of 38 patients were treated with either Ferastral or iron‐dextran by TDI, respectively, given according to random allocation. The total dose of iron given in both groups was 1 500 mg of elemental iron.The parameters investigated were haematocrit and haemoglobin. Side‐effects were also recorded. The results in the group treated with Ferastral where the mean initial haemoglobin value was 9.5 g/100 ml showed a mean haemoglobin increase to 13.2 g/100 ml after eight weeks. Initial haemoglobin values and haemoglobin increase for iron‐dextran by TDI were quite similar.Three patients in the Ferastral group had transient discolouration at the site of injection and one patient in the iron‐dextran TDI‐group had a serious allergic reaction.
Ferastral® in the Treatment of Patients with Inflammatory Anaemia
Authors: Strandberg Olle , Wijnbladh Elisabeth 
Published: August 2010

An investigation has been performed with a new parenteral iron preparation, iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex (Ferastral®) in the treatment with iron deficiency anaemia associated with inflammatory diseases, mainly rheumatoid arthritis. Fifteen moderately anaemic patients entered into the trial. These patients constituted a special group in whom the MCHCs were subnormal.Observations were made concerning the occurrence of side‐effects. Particular attention was paid to those side‐effects which are known to be associated with the use of parenteral iron preparations in the treatment of rheumatoid subjects.Ferastral was administered by intramuscular injection. The single doses given on any one occasion varied from a minimum of 100 mg to a maximum of 500 mg, divided into two separate injections.The results of therapy, measured at eight weeks, showed significant increases in haemoglobin concentrations. Increases in erythrocyte count, MCHC and serum‐iron concentration were also found. There were no signs of acute toxic effects with Ferastral and in no patient was there exacerbation of arthritis as has been previously reported with iron‐dextran.
Treatment of Severe Iron‐deficiency Anaemia of Hookworm Infestation with Ferastral®, a new Intramuscular Iron Preparation
Authors: Ezem B. U. , Fleming A. F. , Werblińska B. 
Published: August 2010

Thirty Nigerians with severe iron‐deficiency anaemia were treated with iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex (Ferastral®), which allows 500 mg iron to be given in one intramuscular injection. Two dose schedules were tried: A, eight patients received Ferastral 5 ml (250 mg iron) and B, 22 patients 10 ml (500 mg iron) on alternate days. Supportive treatment included prophylactic antimalarials and folic acid supplements for three weeks. Initial haemoglobin (Hb)‐concentrations were 1.7–7.6 g/100 ml; total dose of iron required was 1 496–3 500 mg.No patient complained of undue pain at injection site or other side‐effects. There was no evidence of hepatic or renal toxicity after four weeks in 18 patients and eight weeks in 11 patients.Average daily Hb‐regeneration in the first two weeks on schedule A was 0.26 g/100 ml and schedule B 0.33 g/100 ml. Mean daily regeneration in patients with initial Hb < 3.6 g/100 ml was 0.30 g/100 ml, while in those with Hb > 5.5 g/100 ml it was 0.25 g/100 ml. All haematological indices returned to normal by eight weeks, except in three patients with minimally reduced MCH and three other patients in whom there was persistent anaemia due to blood loss, only one of whom was again sideropenic. Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate was found to be ineffective and tetrachloroethylene highly effective in the treatment of hookworm.Ease of administration, lack of side reactions and effectiveness of Ferastral represent a therapeutic advance of value in rural tropical areas.
Studies on Human Preleukaemia
Authors: Hast Robert , Reizenstein Peter , Jores Sylvia 
Published: August 2010

In 34 patients with aregenerative anaemia and hypercellular bone marrow, a condition earlier suggested to be of a preleukaemic nature, erythroblast thymidine labelling indices (LI) were significantly decreased, as would be expected in preleukaemia. The 59Fe erythrocyte incorporation after 2 weeks was generally low. The 59Fe plasma clearance was fast in 22 of 31 patients, normal in 5 and moderately prolonged in 4.These 4 patients had a low relative number of erythroblasts in the marrow. A significant relationship between the marrow erythroblast number and the 59Fe plasma clearance could be demonstrated.Cases with an increased number of myeloblasts in the marrow did not differ significantly from the rest in LI and iron incorporation.
Kinetics of Erythropoiesis in the Liver Induced in Adult Mice by Phenylhydrazine
Authors: Ploemacher R. E. , van Soest P. L. , Vos O. 
Published: August 2010

Phenylhydrazine treatment of normal mice elicited a rise in the numbers of CFU‐S in blood, spleen and liver. High numbers of CFU‐S were found in blood and liver 4 d after the first phenylhydrazine injection. CFU‐S in the liver decreased slowly and were absent after 2 weeks. Blood CFU‐S returned to normal levels by day 6, whereas spleen CFU‐S numbers remained high upto day 12 with a 20‐fold increase being apparent between days 5 and 8. Bone marrow CFU‐S numbers were relatively unaffected except for a dip between days 4 and 7 with a nadir at day 5 where numbers decreased to 50 % of the control levels.Approximately 40 % of liver, spleen and blood CFU‐S, present on the 4th d after initiation of phenylhydrazine treatment, were killed with a single dose of hydroxyurea whereas bone marrow CFU‐S numbers were not significantly reduced by the drug. Splenectomy performed before (21 d) or during phenylhydrazine treatment did not diminish the number of CFU‐S found in the liver on day 4. A 3 d interval was observed between peak numbers of CFS‐U and erythroblasts in the liver which suggests that hepatic CFU‐S are able to undergo differentiation along the erythroid pathway. The presence of macrophages was correlated with that of erythroblasts in the hepatic central veins. These macrophages may be essential to the liver environment for induction of erythropoiesis.
Unique Eosinophil Granules in a Case of T‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Manthorpe R. , Egeberg J. , Hesselvik M. , Videbæk Aa. 
Published: August 2010

A 41‐year‐old man developed intense itching without visible cutaneous changes, epigastric pressure pain, and a slight intolerance to alcohol. He was found to have persistent blood eosinophilia.The eosinophil granulocytes were of abnormal appearance in the light microscope: larger than normal, the nuclei were multilobulated (4–6 lobes), the cytoplasm contained atypical, large granules, ample glycogen, and up to 12 vacuoles.In the electron microscope too the eosinophil granules were entirely atypical, having an electron‐dense matrix, often with a light central inclusion body which was inhomogeneous, having longitudinally oriented structures with a periodicity of about 10 nm. These findings are quite contrary to normal eosinophil granules.Enzymic studies of cytoplasmic enzymes from the granulocytes revealed a greatly reduced content of eosinophil cationic proteins, whereas 5 (7) other enzymes were present in a normal or slightly reduced quantity. The phagocytic capacity of the eosinophils against latex particles was normal.The patient developed generalized lymphomas, histologically very malignant, of the convoluted, acid phosphatase positive cell type (T‐cell lymphoma). Sub‐population studies of lymphocytes from a lymph node revealed 58 % TEcells, while the remainder were B cells. At death, 31/2 years after the onset of symptoms, severe endomyocardial fibrosis was found. The thymus could not be identified.It is concluded that lymphomas should be described on the basis of clinical, histological, and histochemical criteria as well as studies of lymphocyte sub‐populations and that the highly unusual eosinophil granulocytes still deserve particular attention. The endocardial fibrosis is assumed to have been due to substances liberated from the eosinophil cells.
Serum Erythropoietin in Myelomatosis
Authors: Hansen Ole Paaske , Thorling Eivind B. , Drivsholm Aage 
Published: August 2010

Erythropoietin activity in serum was measured using 59Fe incorporation into erythrocytes in protein‐starved, hypoxic mice.The activity in serum from 20 patients with untreated myelomatosis was not significantly different from that in 31 saline controls. Only three patients had detectable erythropoietin levels in serum: 0.24 IU/ml, 0.27 IU/ml and 0.50 IU/ml (standard B), respectively.The venous haematocrit was correlated positively with the glomerular filtration rate as measured by 51Cr EDTA‐clearance. No correlation could be established between venous haematocrit and serum albumin or serum transferrin.The results are in agreement with the assumption of a defective erythropoietin activity due to renal failure in myelomatosis.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia with Subsequent Development of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Pedersen‐Bjergaard Jens , Petersen Hans Draminsky , Thomsen Mogens , Wiik Allan , Wolff‐Jensen Jacob 
Published: August 2010

In a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, two M components of the IgGk and IgGλ classes were demonstrated in the serum at the time of diagnosis. The patient was first followed without treatment; after 18 months multiple myeloma developed. At that time, immunofluorescence study of lymphocytes of the peripheral blood showed mainly membrane‐bound immunoglobulins (S‐Ig) of the IgGk class. The bone marrow disclosed a definite predominance of plasma cells with cytoplasmic IgGλ, suggesting that the two B cell‐derived diseases had arisen from two different cell clones.During the development of multiple myeloma, the serum concentration of the M component IgGλ increased. Concurrently, the M component of IgGk gradually disappeared from the serum, and the concentrations of the normal immunoglobulins IgA and IgM declined. Following cytostatic treatment, the concentration of the myeloma‐derived M component IgGλ was halved and simultaneously the M component IgGk reappeared in the serum.To our knowledge, this case is the second reported of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma indicating development of the two diseases from different cell clones, and the first reported case with myeloma‐induced suppression of M‐com‐ponent secretion from malignant cells.