bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the In Vitro Microbiological Activity of Mecillinam Against Common Uropathogens in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection: Focus on Resistant Pathogens
Authors: Lodise Thomas P , Kaye Keith S , Santerre Henriksen Anne , Kahlmeter Gunnar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens commonly causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a growing problem internationally. Pivmecillinam, the oral prodrug of mecillinam, has been used for over 40 years, primarily in Northern Europe and Canada. It is recommended in several countries as a first-line agent for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs (uUTIs) and is now approved in the United States. We performed a structured literature search to review the available evidence on susceptibility of common uUTI-causing uropathogens to mecillinam. Among 38 studies included in this literature review, susceptibility rates for Escherichia coli to mecillinam—including resistant phenotypes such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli—exceed 90% in most studies. High rates of susceptibility were also reported among many other uropathogens including Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Citrobacter spp. In the current prescribing climate within the United States, pivmecillinam represents a viable first-line treatment option for patients with uUTI.
Deep Sternal Wound Infection Caused by Rhizopus Species After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Authors: Cunningham Cody A , Grys Thomas E , Downey Francis X , Saling Christopher F , Orenstein Robert , Blair Janis E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Deep sternal wound infection is a rare complication of cardiac surgery that is typically caused by skin resident flora, such as species of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Infections caused by fungi are less common and are generally caused by Candida species. Regardless of etiology, these infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of postoperative mediastinitis that occurred following a 5-vessel coronary artery bypass graft and was caused by a filamentous fungus of the Rhizopus genus. The patient was treated with serial debridement, liposomal amphotericin B, and isavuconazonium and was discharged from the hospital in stable condition. Fungal mediastinitis is a rare entity, and clinicians must maintain a high level of suspicion to make the diagnosis. A fungal cause of postoperative mediastinitis should be considered in patients with negative bacterial cultures, uncontrolled diabetes, or current immunosuppression or those who present weeks after surgery with a subacute onset of symptoms.
Modulation of marble-burying behavior in adult versus adolescent C57BL/6J mice of both sexes by ethologically relevant chemosensory stimuli
Authors: Jimenez Chavez C Leonardo , Szumlinski Karen K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The marble-burying test is a pharmacologically validated paradigm used to study anxiety-like behaviors in laboratory rodents. Our laboratory has employed this assay as part of a behavioral screen to examine drug-induced negative affective states. Historically, the majority of our prior binge alcohol-drinking studies employed male subjects exclusively and reliably detected adolescent-adult differences in both basal and alcohol withdrawal-induced negative affect. However, age-related differences in marble-burying behavior were either absent or opposite those observed in our prior work when female subjects were included in the experimental design. As chemosensory cues from females are reported to be anxiolytic in males, the present study examined how odors from adult members of the opposite and same sex (obtained from soiled bedding) influence marble-burying behavior in adult, as well as adolescent, mice. Control studies examined the responsiveness of mice in the presence of novel neutral (vanilla) and aversive (tea tree) odors. Adult males exhibited reduced signs of anxiety-like behavior in the presence of female-soiled bedding, while adult females and adolescent mice of both sexes increased marble-burying behavior in the presence of both male- and female-soiled bedding. All mice exhibited increased burying in the presence of an aversive odor, while only adolescents increased marble-burying in response to the novel neutral odor. These data indicate sex by age interactions in the effects of volatile and nonvolatile odors from sexually-naive adult conspecifics on indices of anxiety-like behavior in the marble-burying test of relevance to the experimental design and procedural timing of experiments including sex as a biological variable.
Cerenkov luminescence imaging and flexible autoradiography for specimen margin assessment during breast-conserving cancer surgery
Authors: Sinha Aaditya , Peterson Zhane , Shifa Belul , Jeffery Hannah , Jurrius Patriek , Allen Sarah , Lee Eugene , Azmat Mohammed , Barrass Rachel , Bailey Damion , Johnson Jessica , Adamson Kathryn , Karydakis Vasileios , Shaari Elina , Thorat Mangesh , Hamed Hisham , Bitsakou Georgina , Pinder Sarah , Menon Padma , Ng Wen , Cook Gary , Joemon John , Jacob Armidita , Pereira Sofia , Thomas Jocelyn , Begum Ruheana , El-Boghdadly Karim , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Kothari Ashutosh , Purushotham Arnie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Among women with breast cancer who undergo breast-conserving surgery (BCS), 20% to 25% require further surgery because of close or involved margins. Improved techniques are needed to assess resection margins.

Purpose
The study aims were to assess the feasibility of the combined techniques of Cerenkov luminescence imaging–flexible autoradiography (CLI-FAR) to assess excision specimen margins in women undergoing BCS and to determine the diagnostic performance of intraoperative CLI-FAR imaging with postoperative histopathology as the reference standard.

Materials and Methods
Women undergoing BCS were recruited prospectively at a single center over 13 months. Patients were injected with 250 MBq ± 10 MBq of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 145 minutes before surgery; the excised specimens were imaged intraoperatively. The surgically excised tumor was initially imaged using conventional x-ray, and margins suspected to be involved by tumor were then imaged using CLI-FAR. CLI-FAR imaging was performed using the LightPath system (Lightpoint), an in vitro diagnostic device designed to identify and locate positron-emitting radionuclides. Any suspicious margin underwent an immediate reexcision in the form of cavity shavings. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values while considering histopathological assessment as the golden standard were used to assess the performance of CLI-FAR.

Results
In all, 54 specimens were imaged in 52 patients, with a total of 104 margins reviewed using CLI-FAR. The results showed a specificity of 97.8% (89/91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 95.0-100.6), sensitivity of 76.9% (10/13; 95% CI, 68.3-85.0), positive predictive value of 83.3% (10/12; 95% CI, 76.2-90.5), and negative predictive value of 96.7% (89/92; 95% CI, 93.3-100.2). In all, 8 patients had 10 positive margins on CLI-FAR imaging and were treated accordingly. CLI-FAR imaging reduced the reexcision rate by 69% (17.3/25).

Conclusion
CLI-FAR imaging is a promising technique for intraoperative margin assessment in women undergoing BCS for invasive breast cancer.
Disease-specific definitions of new bone formation on spine radiographs: a systematic literature review
Authors: Gazel Ummugulsum , Ayan Gizem , Hryciw Nicole , Delorme Jean-Philippe , Hepworth Elliot , Sampaio Marcos , Jibri Zaid , Karsh Jacob , Aydin Sibel Zehra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to explore the radiographic definitions of types of New Bone formation (NBF) by focusing on the terminology, description and location of the findings.

Methods
Three systematic literature reviews were conducted in parallel to identify the radiographic spinal NBF definitions for spondyloarthritis (SpA), Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) and Osteorathritis (OA). Study characteristics and definitions were extracted independently by two reviewers. Definitions were analysed and collated based on whether they were unique, modified or established from previous research.

Results
We identified 33 studies that indicated a definition for the NBF in SpA, 10 for DISH and 7 for spinal OA. In SpA, the variations in syndesmophytes included the description as well as the subtypes and locations. The differentiation of syndesmophytes from osteophytes were included in 12 articles, based on the origin and the angle of the NBF and associated findings. The definitions of DISH varied in the number of vertebrae, level and laterality. For OA, five articles indicated that osteophytes arose from the anterior or lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies, and two studies required a size cut-off.

Discussion
Our ultimate aim is to create formal NBF definitions for SpA, DISH and OA guided by an atlas, through a Delphi exercise with international experts. The improved ability to differentiate these conditions radiographically will not only allow the clinicians to accurately approach patients but also will help the researchers to better classify patient phenotypes and focus on accurate radiographic outcomes.
Promoting cell proliferation and collagen production with ascorbic acid 2-phosphate-releasing poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) membranes for treating pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Kurki Alma , Paakinaho Kaarlo , Hannula Markus , Karjalainen Sanna , Kuismanen Kirsi , Hyttinen Jari , Miettinen Susanna , Sartoneva Reetta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) afflicts millions of women globally. In POP, the weakened support of the pelvic floor results in the descent of pelvic organs into the vagina, causing a feeling of bulging, problems in urination, defaecation and/or sexual function. However, the existing surgical repair methods for relapsed POP remain insufficient, highlighting the urgent need for more effective alternatives. Collagen is an essential component in pelvic floor tissues, providing structural support, and its production is controlled by ascorbic acid. Therefore, we investigated novel ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (A2P)-releasing poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCLA2P) membranes in vitro to promote cell proliferation and extracellular matrix protein production to strengthen the natural support of the pelvic fascia for POP applications. We analysed the mechanical properties and the impact of PLCLA2P on cellular responses through cell culture analysis using human vaginal fibroblasts (hVFs) and human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) compared to PLCL. In addition, the A2P release from PLCLA2P membranes was assessed in vitro. The PLCLA2P demonstrated slightly lower tensile strength (2.2 ± 0.4 MPa) compared to PLCL (3.7 ± 0.6 MPa) for the first 4 weeks in vitro. The A2P was most rapidly released during the first 48 h of in vitro incubation. Our findings demonstrated significantly increased proliferation and collagen production of both hVFs and hASCs on A2P-releasing PLCLA2P compared to PLCL. In addition, extracellular collagen Type I fibres were detected in hVFs, suggesting enhanced collagen maturation on PLCLA2P. Moreover, increased extracellular matrix protein expression was detected on PLCLA2P in both hVFs and hASCs compared to plain PLCL. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential of PLCLA2P as a promising candidate for promoting tissue regeneration in applications aimed for POP tissue engineering applications.
Effects of supplemental methionine sources in finishing pig diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, cutting yields, and meat quality
Authors: Remole Hannah M , Htoo John K , Mendoza S M , Bradley Casey L , Dilger Ryan N , Dilger Anna C , Harsh Bailey N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Supplemental methionine (Met) is widely used within the swine industry; however, data are limited regarding the effect of Met sources on carcass cutability and meat quality. The objective was to determine the effects of L-Met (LM, 99%), DL-Met (DLM, 99%), or calcium salt of DL-Met hydroxyl analog (MHA, 84%) in finishing pig diets on carcass characteristics and meat quality. At 9 weeks of age, pigs (N = 240) were allocated to 60 single-sex pens for a four-phase finishing trial that lasted 104 d. Pigs were fed a common grower diet until day 56 where pens were randomly allotted to one of the three experimental diets. For the remaining 7 wk of the finisher phase, pigs (BW = 79.9 ± 0.80 kg) were fed diets containing LM, DLM, or MHA, with the supplemental Met source providing 25% of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Met + cysteine (Cys) requirement based on 65% bioefficacy for MHA in comparison with LM or DLM. One pig per pen was slaughtered at the study conclusion (on day 104), and the left sides of carcasses were fabricated into subprimal cuts to determine carcass-cutting yields. Loin quality including proximate composition and shear force were measured. Hot carcass weight was not different (P = 0.34) between treatments (LM 104.5 kg; DLM 103.0 kg; MHA 101.5 kg), moreover, loin eye area was not different (P = 0.98) between treatments (LM 52.65 cm²; DLM 52.49 cm²; MHA 52.81 cm²). Boneless carcass-cutting yield was not different (P = 0.56) between treatments (LM 54.97 kg; DLM 54.82 kg; MHA 54.52 kg). Loin pH was not different (P = 0.24) between treatments (LM 5.45; DLM 5.48; MHA 5.45). However, drip loss tended to be reduced (P = 0.11) by the DLM treatment (5.58%) compared with LM (7.03%) and MHA (6.68%) treatments. Shear force was not different (P = 0.85) between treatments (LM 3.03 kg; DLM 3.06 kg; MHA 3.10 kg). However, cook loss tended to be reduced (P = 0.06) by the DLM treatment (16.20%) compared with LM (18.18%) and MHA (18.50%) treatments. These data suggest that only minimal differences in carcass cutability and meat quality can be attributed to Met source in finishing pig diets when using 65% bioefficacy for MHA relative to L-Met or DL-Met.
Effects of sEH inhibition on the eicosanoid and cytokine storms in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected mice
Authors: Edin Matthew L. , Gruzdev Artiom , Graves Joan P. , Lih Fred B. , Morisseau Christophe , Ward James M. , Hammock Bruce D. , Bosio Catharine M. , Zeldin Darryl C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection involves an initial viral infection phase followed by a host‐response phase that includes an eicosanoid and cytokine storm, lung inflammation and respiratory failure. While vaccination and early anti‐viral therapies are effective in preventing or limiting the pathogenic host response, this latter phase is poorly understood with no highly effective treatment options. Inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) increase levels of anti‐inflammatory molecules called epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). This study aimed to investigate the impact of sEH inhibition on the host response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a mouse model with human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression. Mice were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and treated with either vehicle or the sEH inhibitor 1‐trifluoromethoxyphenyl‐3‐(1‐propionylpiperidin‐4‐yl) urea (TPPU). At day 5 post‐infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 induced weight loss, clinical signs, a cytokine storm, an eicosanoid storm, and severe lung inflammation with ~50% mortality on days 6–8 post‐infection. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induced lung expression of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway genes, while suppressing expression of most cytochrome P450 genes. Treatment with the sEH inhibitor TPPU delayed weight loss but did not alter clinical signs, lung cytokine expression or overall survival of infected mice. Interestingly, TPPU treatment significantly reversed the eicosanoid storm and attenuated viral‐induced elevation of 39 fatty acids and oxylipins from COX, LOX and P450 pathways, which suggests the effects at the level of PLA2 activation. The suppression of the eicosanoid storm by TPPU without corresponding changes in lung cytokines, lung inflammation or mortality reveals a surprising dissociation between systemic oxylipin and cytokine signaling pathways during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and suggests that the cytokine storm is primarily responsible for morbidity and mortality in this animal model.
Serum albumin exposure enhances cell invasiveness and paclitaxel resistance in human neuroblastoma cells, with attenuation by valeriana‐type iridoid glycosides
Authors: Uprety Ajay , Ngo Trung Huy , Prajapati Sanjaya , Joshi Shambhu , Nam Joo‐Won , Kim Soo Young 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeuroblastoma, a prevalent extracranial solid tumor in children, arises from undifferentiated nerve cells. While tumor vasculature, often characterized by increased permeability, influences metastasis and recurrence, the direct impact of blood‐borne molecules on tumor progression remains unclear. In the present study, we focused on the effect of exposure to albumin, one of the most abundant proteins in the serum, on human neuroblastoma cells. Albumin exposure elevated oxidative stress and led to mitochondria dysfunction via the activation of TGFβ and PI3K pathways, accompanied by an increase in the metastatic and invasive properties of neuroblastoma cells. Proteins relevant to the induction of autophagy were upregulated in response to prolonged albumin exposure. Additionally, pre‐exposure to albumin before treatment resulted in increased resistance to paclitaxel. Two valeriana‐type iridoid glycosides, patrisophoroside and patrinalloside, recently isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi significantly mitigated the effect of albumin on oxidative stress, cell invasiveness, and chemoresistance. These findings illuminate the potential role of blood‐borne molecules, such as albumin, in the progression and metastasis of neuroblastoma, as well as the possible therapeutic implications of valeriana‐type iridoid glycosides in anti‐cancer treatment.
Perceptions of Overdose Response Hotlines and Phone Application Services Among Women and Gender-diverse Individuals Who Use Drugs in Canada: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lee Amanda , Jafri Farah , Viste Dylan , Seo Boogyung , Skiber Darci , Medwid Marguerite , Ghosh S. Monty 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
In 2021, opioid-related deaths have increased by 96% and continue to be higher than prepandemic levels. In particular, women and gender-diverse individuals face numerous challenges when assessing harm reduction supports, including physical supervised consumption sites, compared with male counterparts. Mobile overdose response services (MORSs) including overdose response hotlines and phone-based overdose response applications are novel virtual overdose response technologies that may help mitigate this issue. This study aims to explore how women and gender-diverse individuals engage with and perceive these services.

Methods
A qualitative study using grounded theory was conducted. Using existing peer networks and purposive and snowball sampling between March and July 2023, 19 semistructured interviews were conducted with women and gender-diverse individuals in Canada who have lived experience using substances. NVivo was used for thematic analysis, which continued until saturation was reached.

Results
The interviews elucidated the following 5 themes: Overdose response hotlines and applications were generally preferred over supervised consumption sites due to (1) perceived gender-based safety; (2) better accommodation for mothers concerned with stigma, childcare, and child welfare systems; and (3) eased accessibility for those involved in sex work. It was also noted that (4) judgment-free spaces and trauma-informed care provided by staff with lived experiences were invaluable, and (5) decriminalization of illicit substances will encourage uptake of these harm reduction services.

Conclusion
This study found that women and gender-diverse individuals felt positively toward overdose response hotlines and applications with the potential to fill a need in providing harm reduction services that create feelings of safety, support roles of motherhood and sex work, and generate nonstigmatizing spaces.
Immediate Postoperative Change in the Upper Instrumented Screw-Vertebra Angle is a Predictor for Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Failure
Authors: Cetik Riza M. , Glassman Steven D. , Dimar John R. , Crawford Charles H. , Gum Jeffrey L. , Smith Jensen , McGrath Nicole , Carreon Leah Y. 
Published: May 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective review.

Objectives.
To determine if change in position of upper instrumented vertebral (UIV) screw between intraoperative prone and immediate postoperative standing radiographs is a predictor for proximal junctional kyphosis or failure (PJK/PJF).

Summary of Background Data.
Cranially directed UIV screws on postoperative radiographs have been found to be associated with PJK. Change in the screw position between intraoperative and immediate postoperative radiographs has not been studied.

Materials and Methods.
Patients with posterior fusion greater than or equal to three levels and UIV at or distal to T8, and minimum two-year follow-up were identified from a single-center database. Primary outcomes were radiographic PJK/PJF or revision for PJK/PJF. Demographic, surgical, and radiographic variables, including intraoperative screw-vertebra (S-V) angle, change in S-V angle, direction of UIV screw (cranial-neutral-caudal), and rod-vertebra (R-V) angle were collected.

Results.
Totally, 143 cases from 110 patients were included with a mean age of 62.9 years and a follow-up of 3.5 years. Fifty-four (38%) cases developed PJK/PJF, of whom 30 required a revision. Mean S-V angle was -0.9°±5.5° intraoperative and -2.8°±5.5° postoperative. The group with PJK/PJF had a mean S-V angle change of -2.5°±2.4 while the rest had a change of -1.0°±1.6 (P=0.010). When the change in S-V angle was <5°, 33% developed PJK, this increased to 80% when it was ≥5° (P=0.001). Revision for PJK/PJF increased from 16% to 60% when S-V angle changed ≥5° (P=0.001). Regression analysis showed S-V angle change as a significant risk factor for PJK/PJF (P=0.047, OR=1.58) and for revision due to PJK/PJF (P=0.009, OR=2.21).

Conclusions.
Change in the S-V angle from intraoperative prone to immediate postoperative standing radiograph is a strong predictor for PJK/PJF and for revision. For each degree of S-V angle change, odds of revision for PJK/PJF increases by x2.2. A change of 5° should alert the surgeon to the likely development of PJK/PJF requiring revision.

Level of Evidence.
Level II.