bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Patients with High-Risk Soft Tissue Sarcoma Receive Adjuvant Chemotherapy?
Authors: Schuetze Scott M. , Patel Shreyaskumar 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the type of patient with soft tissue sarcoma most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.Select the chemotherapy regimen most likely to benefit a patient with high-risk soft tissue sarcoma.Evaluate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on risk of soft tissue sarcoma recurrence analyzed in the sarcoma meta-analyses.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Soft tissue sarcoma is a malignant connective tissue tumor that may arise anywhere in the body and from diverse mesenchymal elements. Its incidence is approximately 30 per million persons. The majority of patients with soft tissue sarcoma present with potentially life-threatening disease, and complete resection to obtain specimen margins free of tumor and radiation offer the best chance for local disease control. The risk of relapse and death from disease rises with increasing tumor stage, grade, and size. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been studied as a means to decrease the risk for disease recurrence in patients with localized soft tissue sarcoma at diagnosis, but the majority of trials reported on have been hampered by patient heterogeneity, low patient accrual, and short follow-up. Meta-analysis and reviews of institutional large series, in efforts to overcome some of the limitations, suggest that doxorubicin with ifosfamide reduces the risk for sarcoma recurrence and death in selected patients with high-grade, large, and chemotherapy-sensitive sarcoma subtypes to a clinically meaningful degree. In multiple analyses, patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcoma treated with chemotherapy have a &gt;10% absolute lower risk for disease recurrence and longer disease-specific survival than patients treated without chemotherapy. In the absence of conclusive results from an adequately powered, randomized, controlled clinical trial, the available data support the use of chemotherapy in the management of high-risk, localized, soft tissue sarcoma.
The Assessment and Management of Delirium in Cancer Patients
Authors: Bush Shirley H. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Summarize the current evidence regarding strategies for the assessment and management of delirium in advanced cancer.Outline the medications most commonly implicated for drug-induced delirium.Compare the various pharmacological agents available for use in managing cancer-related delirium.This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.comDelirium remains the most common and distressing neuropsychiatric complication in patients with advanced cancer. Delirium causes significant distress to patients and their families, and continues to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. The most frequent, consistent, and, at the same time, reversible etiology is drug-induced delirium resulting from opioids and other psychoactive medications. The objective of this narrative review is to outline the causes of delirium in advanced cancer, especially drug-induced delirium, and the diagnosis and management of opioid-induced neurotoxicity. The early symptoms and signs of delirium and the use of delirium-specific assessment tools for routine delirium screening and monitoring in clinical practice are summarized. Finally, management options are reviewed, including pharmacological symptomatic management and also the provision of counseling support to both patients and their families to minimize distress.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Localized Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Still Not Proven
Authors: Blay Jean-Yves , Le Cesne Axel 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors in terms of histological subtypes, molecular alterations, clinical presentation, and prognosis. Yet, these tumors are most often treated similarly in the localized phase. The standard treatment of these patients requires multidisciplinary management, in particular, careful diagnostic procedures and surgery by an expert physician, preceded or followed by external radiotherapy. The utility of adjuvant chemotherapy has been explored in 14 trials comparing adjuvant chemotherapy with no treatment. Several trials reported a lower risk for local relapse and lower risk for metastatic relapse, but only a few small trials reported longer overall survival. A meta-analysis of all trials failed to demonstrate a significant difference in the relapse-free survival (RFS) or overall survival rates. Two additional trials, reported afterward, presented conflicting results, with a significant benefit in terms of the RFS rate for the trial of the Italian Sarcoma Group, but no difference in the RFS or overall survival rate in the most recent European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial. We conclude that adjuvant chemotherapy has not been proven to improve the outcome of an unselected population of patients. Several hypotheses are proposed to account for this observation.
Vibration Monitoring System Using Wireless Technology: A Feasible Alternative Solution for Noncritical Machines
Authors: Alhetairshi Mishaal Awwadh 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Wireless condition monitoring technology uses wireless sensor interface modules to collect vibration and temperature data from assets scattered around the plant and send the data to a diagnostic software platform. It has multiple channels for vibration and temperature. Additional wireless sensors are often required to function as "Repeaters" to strengthen the wireless signal and provide redundant pathways.
It is a feasible alternative to handheld or hardwired condition monitoring systems, particularly attractive for essential machines, which do not require real-time machinery protection but demand a more frequent monitoring rate than the portable regime to detect potential failure modes. This technology is also useful for applications, which are logistically difficult or hazardous to monitor by handheld data collectors, or require more frequent sampling than the walk-around route can economically support.
The report begins by introducing the wireless condition monitoring system's different components and how each of them operates. Then, the setup of the field trial is explained with the stated objectives. The report is aided continuously, with tables and figures to help illustrate the technology and the method of the field trial. Following that, a comparison between handheld data collector and wireless sensor data was done to validate the collected data. Finally, the report concludes with a summary of the results of the wireless condition monitoring field trial.
Case History Summary: Horizontal Drilling Performance Improvement Due to Torque Rocking on 800 Horizontal Land Wells Drilled for Unconventional Gas Resources
Authors: Maidla Eric Edgar , Haci Marc , Wright Daniel 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The torque rocking technology1,2 that will be discussed here is a surface system (nothing ever goes down hole) that has shown to greatly increase the efficiency of steerable motors (by as much as 294%) as will be demonstrated in the case history summary.
This paper summarizes for the first time the lessons learnt from using a horizontal drilling technology introduced 6 years ago that has drilled over 800 horizontal wells in several different plays in the US related to unconventional gas resources, namely the Barnett Shale, the Haynesville Shale, the Marcellus Shale, the Fayetteville Shale.
The common thread here is that all these wells were drilled with a new torque rocking technology that greatly enhances slide drilling by breaking drag using a rocking motion imposed by the topdrive (oscillatory movements to the right and left while sliding) using torque as the basic feedback mechanism to control the rocking movement.
This paper focuses on the value added benefit of this technology and areas in which it has worked and hasn't worked. A matrix has been developed to help the selection of the technology and the physics of the process are further explained to justify the improvements and failures.
Improvements included: sliding ROP increases between 20% to 294%; downhole bottom tool face orientation (unique to this technology); stalling avoidance that greatly increased the life of the downhole equipment (motors, bits, MWD) that led to less trips.
A Comprehensive Modeling Analysis of Borehole Stability and Production Liner Deformation for Inclined/Horizontal Wells Completed in a Highly Compacting Chalk Formation
Authors: Furui K. , Fuh G.-F. , Abdelmalek N. , Morita N. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Numerous casing and production liner deformation/failure problems have been reported in high porosity chalk formations in both the overburden and the reservoir sections, causing costly operation problems that prevent workovers and recompletions. This paper presents the results of studies performed to investigate stability of an openhole, cemented liner, and uncemented liner completions in a highly compacting chalk formation. The effects of critical cavity dimensions caused by various acid stimulation techniques were also investigated.
Based on the review of historical caliper survey data, we ascertain that the axial compression collapse is a major liner deformation mechanism in the reservoir zones. Axial compression collapse has been found in both low-angle wells (also buildup sections of horizontal wells) and horizontal laterals. The casing deformation in low-angle sections are due to reservoir compaction (i.e., change in the vertical formation strain) while the deformation in horizontal sections are primarily induced by increased axial loading due to cavity deformation. The current completion practice using cluster perforations and high volume acid treatments causes vertically enlarged cavities resulting in poor radial constraint.
A series of laboratory triaxial tests were performed on selected reservoir chalk samples to measure the stress-strain and failure behavior of the chalk formation considering a wide range of porosity, water saturation, and different levels of confining pressures. Using the chalk failure criteria and constitutive relations developed from the analysis of laboratory triaxial compression test data, a 3D non-linear poroelastic-plastic finite element model was developed for the openhole stability analysis. The simulation results show that the abnormally high ductility of chalks after pore collapse around a borehole could actually enhance borehole stability with the magnitude beyond expectation.
In this study, the analytical and numerical models are also developed for evaluating cavity-induced axial compression collapse of production liners. Model results indicate that the risk of the cavity-induced axial compression collapse substantially increases for short perforated intervals stimulated with large acid treatments. However, increasing the perforation interval lengths along the entire liner axis results in more uniform acid distribution and will greatly reduce the chance of axial compression collapse caused by localized cavity deformation. Based on these analysis results, key completion design criteria and stimulation strategies were developed for wells completed in highly compacting chalk reservoirs to reduce risk of casing and liner mechanical problems.
Dynamic Updating of Reservoir Models
Authors: Ates Harun , Bahar Asnul , Krasnov Vitaly , Kelkar Mohan 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In sandstone reservoirs, one of the most important challenges is the effective upscaling of a fine scale model. A conventional upscaling process is not adequate when significant percentage of shale distribution exists in the reservoir. In the fine scale model, significant discontinuity exists in sand bodies. Some sand bodies are connected to the wells, and some are not. As the fine scale model is upscaled, some discontinuous sand bodies are combined with other connected sands. This results in two potential problems: the connected volume to the existing wells increases, thus making the production from those wells more optimistic, and the production from in fill wells do not show as much additional potential since some of the new volumes which should have been connected to the new well are already drained by the existing wells.
A new procedure1 is developed to overcome this problem. In a new procedure, we first determine the connected sand volume to the existing wells. We remove the dis-connected sand bodies from the fine scale model. We then upscale the model to a desired level. We simulate the flow performance till a desired time when either new wells are drilled or some well are shut-in. At that point, we start from the fine scale model again and determine new connected volume due to additional of new wells. We combine the new virgin sands with depleted sands in the upscaled model and determine the saturation and pressure in the upscaled model using an appropriate material balance technique. We re-start the simulation using newly connected volume till we reach a point of drilling additional wells. The key difference between the proposed method and the existing methods, is our ability to add new hydrocarbon volumes (as well as new conductivity) in the model as a function of time.
The proposed method was applied to a giant oil field in Siberia which is in turbite environment with large amounts of discontinuous sand bodies. We were able to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method by comparing the performance of upscaled simulation model to the fine scale geologic model. As the percentage of sand decreases in a given reservoir, the difference between the conventional and a proposed method becomes significant. Using the new approach, we would be able to evaluate the infill potential much more accurately.
Fuzzy Analysis of ESP System Performance
Authors: Thornhill Donald G. , Zhu David 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how Fuzzy Logic, along with some expert knowledge of how an electrical submersible pumping system (ESP) performs, can be used to provide near real-time diagnostics using a limited number of signals typically acquired from an ESP system. Common problems in a running ESP system can be diagnosed by examining patterns in the measured data compared to values associated with a system that is operating normally. Using Fuzzy Logic, patterns associated with specific problems can be detected long before they become obvious. This information can be used to respond to emerging conditions before they result in downtime, or can identify why a system is not performing as expected. This analysis is applicable to ESP systems operating in a stable state, where normal measurement ranges can be determined. It is not intended to diagnose problems during system startup or when outside factors are dynamically altering well performance.
A Novel Approach of Wireline Intervention for Newly Drilled Well: Sotong Case Study and Best Practices
Authors: Razak M. Hairi A , Hashim M. S. , Ali Zulkifli , Ezalina Nurul 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Sotong-A9 was drilled in dual completion. Maximum target production is 3000 bbl/d for the long string while short string capable to produce 20 mmscd. Sotong platform was the highest producer for MASA field located about 135 km offshore Terengganu which comprises of Malong, Anding and Sotong. Currently all the produced oil and gas is process and store on FPSO facilities located nearby.
During completion stages an "unknown" fish was left in hole thus hindering wireline intervention to open SSD to unload zone below the fish depth. Total potential reserve for both zones is estimate 20 million barrel of oil. Due to that, wireline operation to retrieve the fish was considered critical due of fear for leaving the zone with completion fluid can damages the formation.
There were 2 wells included in the infill drilling campaign. Any delay due to fishing job can contribute to higher rig cost. Prior to actual job execution, few main challenges need to properly addressed such as job coordination/people management, well pressure control and slickline equipment rig up complexity.
Therefore, while the drilling continue in Stg-03 well, slickline intervention for fishing operation was continue at well Stg-09L with the 21-1/4" conductor BOP still attached on it. Slickline lubricator is rig-up on top of the existing BOP prior to fishing job and pressure test was carried out to ensure the well pressure containment. This novel technique contributed to cost saving of USD 400K due to no requirement for rig standby for conductor BOP removal.
This paper discussed on best practices of rig up wireline in existing drilling BOP, Job Hazard Analysis (JHA), job procedures and lesson learned.
Cleanup Acid System for Gravel-Pack Completions Without Increasing Water Production
Authors: Barragan Ernesto , Serrano Fabrizio , Cayo Marco , Ramirez Cristian , Martinez Carlos 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Gravel-pack (GP) completions are used on formations presenting sand-production problems worldwide. The inherent problem with this type of completion is its tendency to become plugged as a result of fines migration, solids invasion, and emulsion problems, which are the most commonly damaged mechanisms affecting productivity.
Pumping acid systems is an effective method to solve GP plugging problems but usually results in increased post-treatment water production. Acid will enter zones with higher water saturations, which often are higher permeability, and causes operational problems, such as decreased oil production and increased lifting costs. Historically, various methods for diverting fluids have been used. These methods included the use of viscous fluids, degradable particles, ball sealants and foam.
Recently, relative permeability modifiers (RPM) have been used successfully as a diversion system for acid systems to decrease the relative permeability to water. Customized application to clean up GP completions is the presented solution.
This paper describes the use of RPM diversion systems that reduce the formation's permeability to water without significant effects on permeability to hydrocarbons. Four GP wells that were treated with this system, resulting in increased hydrocarbon production without increasing water production, are presented in detail.
The four wells discussed are located in the same reservoir in Oriente Basin, onshore Ecuador. Wells are placed in formation M-1 Tarapoa Oilfield, which is an unconsolidated sand formation. Sand production has occurred in some of the oil producers. Wells are generally completed with GP screens with sand being pumped to fill the perforations and the wellbore x screen annulus. Well A8 was the first well treated with the acid system diverted with an RPM. Well A8 had a production decline caused by GP plugging, which also affected the ESP equipment performance. After the treatment the well productivity was restored successfully. It was decided to treat three more wells in the same reservoir. These treatments also resulted in a gain in production.
Naturally Fractured Reservoir Three-Dimensional Analytical Modeling: Theory and Case Study
Authors: Nguyen Vinh X. , Abousleiman Younane N. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Natural fractures play an important role in the technical and economic performance of all hydrocarbon producing reservoirs. Generally, the presence of fractures weakens the reservoir mechanically and produces higher permeability fluid flow paths within the low permeability rock formation. In reservoir simulation, the intricate interplay between reservoir compaction and fluid flow may lead to undesirable production behavior if the effects of fractures are not properly accounted for. Due to the complexity of the physical phenomena and mathematical formulations, all naturally fractured reservoir modelings are performed numerically using discrete fracture network, finite difference and/or finite element method. While geologically realistic and practical, these numerical methods are computationally intensive and require analytical validation. These facts necessitate a dual-porosity and dual-permeability approach to analytical modeling that incorporates time-dependency and fracture networks effects on reservoir performance.
In this work, a general anisotropic dual-porosity and dual-permeability analytical formulation is presented to simulate naturally fractured reservoir accounting for fractures deformation and fluid flow in a three dimensional state of stresses. The solution is applied to simulate reservoir compaction of a fractured reservoir in the Ghawar field, Saudi Arabia. It is helpful in the estimation of time-dependent induced local permeability alteration due to wellbore production/injection. Various scenarios of fractures representations are illustrated to highlight the impacts of fractures’ orientations, density, porosity and permeability on the overall reservoir response. In addition, the solution for the effective stress changes in the reservoir can be used to estimate stress on pipe/casing and formation brittle failure that precedes solid production.
Analyses reveal that production may induce up to 7-percent permeability reduction which can affect the production rate. Thus, accounting for reservoir compaction facilitates future production forecast and/or stimulation planning. For a vertical well, horizontal fractures orientation show higher degree of compaction and permeability damage than vertically oriented fractures. Discounting the effect of fractures will largely underestimate the decline in reservoir performance and complicate future field-development options.
This unique analytical model and solution can be directly applied to real field analyses in naturally fractured reservoirs. The impact of fractures on the overall reservoir performance can be investigated using the solution and approach presented. Finally, the analytical solution can be used as a benchmark for validation of available reservoir simulation numerical codes.