bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban—rural humidity differences in London
Authors: Lee Derek O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMeasurements of vapour pressure taken four times daily over a 10‐year period are used to investigate diurnal and seasonal patterns of urban—rural absolute humidity differences in London. The urban atmosphere is found to be more humid than the rural at night in all months and during the day in winter and spring, while during summer days, the urban atmosphere is less humid. Patterns of urban excesses and deficits of humidity can be explained by reference to urban and rural energy balances and sources of moisture. A good relationship exists between heat island intensity and urban—rural vapour pressure differences.
Rainfall variations in Queensland, Australia: 1891–1986
Authors: Lough J. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractState‐wide and regional rainfall indices are developed for Queensland for the summer and winter half‐year seasons from 1890 to 1986. Using these, marked variations in summer season rainfall are identified, though variations in winter rainfall appear to be of smaller magnitude. For Queensland, the associations between rainfall and the Southern Oscillation vary with season, region, and through time. The previously identified period, 1921–1950, of ‘weak’ Southern Oscillation variations is shown to be a time of less variable rainfall in Queensland and also one of weaker associations between Queensland rainfall and other climatic variables. During times of strong development of the Southern Oscillation, rainfall variations show a greater amount of covariation in space and within the monsoon season than at times of weak Southern Oscillation development. A proxy record of rainfall variations in central Queensland (back to AD 1735) shows more extreme wet and dry periods than those found in the instrumental records of the past 100 years.
The annual period of freezing temperatures in central England: 1850–1989
Authors: Watkins Chris 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe daily central England temperature (CET) series is examined for evidence of long‐term changes in the duration of the annual freeze season by analysing the timing of the first and last days of winter that record a CET value of 0°C or lower. A statistically significant inverse relationship is found to exist between freeze season duration and time. A linear regression model demonstrates that the rate of decline is about 2 days per decade. This could be explained by a rise in air temperature. An overview of statistical theory is given and the model assumptions are tested.
Principal component analysis of the annual regime of hydrological and meteorological fields in a river basin
Authors: Pandžić K. , Trninić D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive consideration of the annual pattern of monthly discharge, precipitation, and water balance in the Kupa river basin (Yugoslavia). For this purpose principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. The monthly discharge values for 25 streamflow measurement stations and the corresponding precipitation and water balance data for 18 weather stations, for the period 1961–1980, were used. For each of the considered fields, two principal components (PCs) are the most significant, and describe more than 85 per cent of total field variance. A significant correlation between discharge PCs and precipitation and water balance PCs was established, especially in the winter season. Thus an explanation of the annual pattern of the discharge in terms of precipitation and water balance has been achieved.
The effects of scapular taping on electromyographic muscle activity and proprioception feedback in healthy shoulders
Authors: Lin Jiu‐jenq , Hung Cheng‐Ju , Yang Pey‐Lin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe investigated the effects of scapular tape on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), anterior deltoid (AD), and shoulder proprioception in 12 healthy shoulders. Participants were blindfolded and required to complete a target end/mid range position with the hand. They performed six trials under two experimental conditions; no tape and therapeutic tape. EMG activity was measured by surface electrodes, and proprioception was measured by the FASTRAK electromagnetic motion tracking system. Two‐way repeated measures ANOVA showed that UT and AD activities decreased 2.65% (p = 0.001), and SA muscular activities increased 1.9% (p = 0.015) in the taping condition. The proprioceptive feedback magnitude was significantly lower in the taping condition than in the no taping condition (11.9°, p < 0.005). Additionally, correlation coefficients were higher than 0.5 between muscle activity and proprioceptive feedback with the taping condition; UT and magnitude in the mid range task (R = 0.516); LT and magnitude in the end range task (R = −0.524); and SA and magnitude in the mid range task (R = −0.576). The results suggest that scapular tape affects the muscle activity of UT, AD, and SA, and that the effects are related to proprioception feedback. These results implicate that the mechanisms by which scapular taping induces effects can be explained by neuromuscular control and proprioceptive feedback factors. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:53–57, 2011
Defining stage III disease in colorectal cancer—aspects on treatment and evaluation of survival
Authors: Derwinger Kristoffer , Carlsson Göran , Ekman Tor 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveStage III in colorectal cancer is defined by presence of node metastasis, whereas distant growth constitutes stage IV. The aim was to describe prognosis in high risk groups of stage III in relation to survival in stage IV, along with possible effect on research and treatment.MethodsAll patients operated for stage III–IV colorectal cancer 1999–2003 (n = 591) were assessed by demography, pathology and treatment towards survival. Stage III patients were grouped by lymph node ratio (LNR) tenths and stage IV by node status (N0–2). Comparison was by cancer specific survival (CSS). Disease free survival (DFS) was also assessed for stage III.ResultsLNR predicted CSS and DFS (P < 0.001) as a higher ratio correlated with a worse prognosis and an increased risk of early recurrence. With high ratios the stage III survival prognosis resembled stage IV. A survival crossover phenomenon was found for stage III patients with a high LNR (0.9–1) compared to some stage IV patients (N0/M1).ConclusionsThe prognosis in stage III is heterogeneous and can be differentiated by LNR. The survival difference towards stage IV can be limited which could affect the use and evaluation of chemotherapy and the further development of staging terminology. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:424–427. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The clinical utility of Ki‐67 in assessing tumor biology and aggressiveness in patients with appendiceal carcinoids
Authors: Liu Eric , Telem Dana A. , Hwang John , Warner Richard R.P. , Dikman Andrew , Divino Celia M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveTo elucidate the correlation of Ki‐67 with tumor biology and survival in appendiceal carcinoid tumors.MethodA retrospective chart review conducted on 51 patients with appendiceal carcinoid tumors who underwent surgical intervention from 1991 to 2008. MIB‐1, an antibody of Ki‐67, was used to determine cell proliferation and correlated with clinical and histological parameters. MIB‐1 index was categorized according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.ResultOf the 51 patients, 32 had tumors <2 cm; 3 >2 cm; and 16 with unspecified tumor size. Increased MIB proliferative index did not significantly correlate with increasing tumor size (P = 0.426). Twelve patients had metastatic disease on presentation: 9 had MIB‐1 index <2%, 1 had index 2–15% and 2 with index >15%. No significant correlation between MIB index and metastasis was demonstrated (P = 0.68). Median follow‐up was 40 months (range 10–183 months) with a 51% follow‐up rate. Seven mortalities and three recurrences presented in 26 patients. Assessment of survival demonstrated significantly decreased survival by increasing MIB index. Survival rate by MIB index was as follows: <2% was 97%, 2–15% was 85% and >15% was 67% (P = 0.02).ConclusionIncreased MIB index significantly correlated with decreased survival. No correlation was demonstrated by MIB index and tumor size or presentation with metastatic disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:338–341. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CT colonography for postoperative surveillance after curative gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Lim Joon Seok , Lee Sang Kil , Hyung Woo Jin , Choi Jin‐Young , Kim Myeong‐Jin , Noh Sung Hoon , Kim Ki Whang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAimThe purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic role of contrast‐enhanced CT colonography (CTC) for follow‐up of colorectal cancer screening after curative gastrectomy in patients with gastric adenocarcinomas.Materials and MethodsContrast‐enhanced CTC was performed as a substitute for routine follow‐up CT for the detection of recurrent lesions in 700 consecutive patients who underwent curative surgery for gastric adenocarcinomas. Prospectively, patients with polyps measuring 6 mm or larger on CTC were referred for optical colonoscopy. Clinical and radiologic follow‐up with respect to detection of polyp and recurrent lesion was retrospectively assessed.ResultsColorectal polyps measuring 6 mm or larger were identified by CTC in 104 (14.9%) of the 700 patients. Optical colonoscopy was recommended to these patients and was performed in 72 cases. True positive lesions were identified in 62 of the 72 patients (per‐patient positive predictive value: 86.1%). The diagnostic yield for primary colonic malignancies was 1.6% (11/700). Recurrent lesions of gastric cancer were also detected in eight patients (1.1%).ConclusionIn patients who undergo gastrectomy due to gastric adenocarcinoma, contrast‐enhanced CTC may offer a unique advantage by allowing simultaneous colorectal cancer screening in addition to its routine role of detecting recurrent lesions during follow‐up. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:593–598. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of calixarene‐bonded stationary phases
Authors: Schneider Christian , Menyes Ulf , Jira Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCalixarene‐bonded stationary phases received growing interest in HPLC as stationary phases with special retention characteristics and selectivity. The commercially available unsubstituted and p‐tert‐butyl‐substituted Caltrex® columns have been intensively studied and characterized in our workgroup. They can be used as reversed phases, yet they support additional interactions. Especially, their steric, polar and ionic properties differ from conventional alkyl‐bonded phases. However, also the hydrophobic interaction shows differences since adsorption and partition interactions on or in a bonded layer of calixarenes are not similar to those of alkyl‐bonded layers. The relative strength of the hydrophobic properties of the stationary phases has been found depending on the methanol concentration of the mobile phase. Generally, the dependencies of their interaction strengths on mobile‐phase conditions, e.g. the change of the intensity of the hydrogen‐bonding abilities with decreasing methanol content, are not similar from phase to phase either. This probably gives calixarene‐bonded stationary phases enhanced suitability for analyses at extreme compositions of the mobile phase. An overview about the synthesis, retention and selectivity properties of Caltrex® columns is given here.
Sugar treatment of human lipoprotein particles and their separation by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Witos Joanna , Cilpa Geraldine , Yohannes Gebrenegus , Öörni Katariina , Kovanen Petri T. , Jauhiainen Matti , Riekkola Marja‐Liisa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEntrapment of lipoprotein particles in the extracellular matrix of the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of the development of atherosclerosis, the disease behind myocardial infarction and stroke. In this study, sugars were exploited in the separation of lipoproteins by CE. Monosaccharides, disaccharides and one sugar alcohol used during ultracentrifugal isolation of lipoproteins prevented the strong and unfavorable adsorption of lipoprotein particles on the capillary wall, allowing their selective separation in uncoated fused silica capillary. The effect of ionic strength of the phosphate BGE solution on the separation at physiological pH was clarified. Asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation and dynamic light scattering showed that sugars affected the structure of lipoproteins by decreasing their sizes. Although in molecular dynamics simulations, only a 19 amino acid peptide of apolipoprotein B‐100 and a 15 amino acid peptide of apolipoprotein E were employed, the results also indicated a decrease in lipoprotein size, supporting the asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation and dynamic light scattering results.
Decision making in head and neck cancer care
Authors: Davies Louise , Rhodes Lorna A. , Grossman David C. , Rosenberg Marie‐Claire , Stevens David P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe patterns of patient involvement in head and neck cancer decision making.Study Design:Prospective longitudinal ethnography of otolaryngology patients making treatment decisions.Methods:Grounded theory analysis of verbatim transcripts and original voice recordings from: 1) participant‐driven diaries, 2) participants' office visits with their physicians, and 3) semistructured interviews completed after a treatment decision had been made.Results:Patients with serious illness and experiencing considerable pain, discomfort, or alteration in the ability to perform activities of daily living, and who fear for their life, do not make decisions in a way that adheres to the conventional model of decision making, which presumes a sequential, office‐based interaction with clear patient autonomy. These patients have the ability to interpret information they receive during office visits, but they describe making a treatment decision as “deciding to do something” not choosing a specific treatment. This group also describes “trust” or “confidence” in the physician as the most important factor in making a decision, not the type or amount of information received. They move through providers toward treatment in a linear fashion, from one physician specialty to the next, usually without doubling back to revisit previous decisions or discussions.Conclusions:Decision making in serious illness unfolds differently than in less serious problems. The conventional model does not fit this patient population, and reliance on trust of the physician figures prominently. Decision support should be aimed at physician decision making, promoting explicit incorporation of patient‐specific data into the process.
A prospective study of cardiovascular risk factors and incident hearing loss in men
Authors: Shargorodsky Josef , Curhan Sharon G. , Eavey Roland , Curhan Gary C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder in the United States, affecting more than 36 million people. Cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with the risk of hearing loss in cross‐sectional studies, but prospective data are currently lacking.Study Design:Prospective cohort study.Methods:We prospectively evaluated the association between diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, or body mass index (BMI) and incident hearing loss. Participants were 26,917 men in the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study, aged 40 to 74 years at baseline in 1986. Study participants completed questionnaires about lifestyle and medical history every 2 years. Information on self‐reported professionally diagnosed hearing loss and year of diagnosis was obtained from the 2004 questionnaire, and cases were defined as hearing loss diagnosed between 1986 and 2004. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results:A total of 3,488 cases of hearing loss were identified. History of hypertension (HR 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88‐1.03), diabetes mellitus (HR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.78–1.08), or obesity (HR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.90–1.15 for BMI ≥30 compared to normal range of 19–24.9) was not significantly associated with hearing‐loss risk. Hypercholesterolemia (HR 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02–1.18) and past smoking history (HR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01–1.17) were associated with a significantly increased risk of hearing loss after multivariate adjustment.Conclusions:A history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or obesity is not associated with increased risk of hearing loss; a history of past smoking or hypercholesterolemia has a small but statistically significant association with increased risk of hearing loss in adult males. Laryngoscope, 2010
Endoscopic‐assisted versus curettage adenoidectomy: A prospective, randomized, double‐blind study with objective outcome measures
Authors: Songu Murat , Altay Canan , Adibelli Zehra Hilal , Adibelli Hamit 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective:To establish whether there is both objectively and subjectively improved recovery in children receiving endoscopic‐assisted adenoidectomy, compared with children receiving curettage adenoidectomy.Study Design:Prospective, randomized, double‐blinded study.Methods:Thirty‐eight patients who underwent adenoidectomy alone or in combination with tonsillectomy before the planned tympanomastoid surgery with an age range from 8 to 12 years were enrolled in the study. Children were prospectively and randomly assigned into two groups: the endoscopic‐assisted adenoidectomy and the curettage adenoidectomy. The main subjective parameters were the nasopharyngoscopy and the symptom improvement scale, whereas the main objective parameter was the midsagittal reformatted images of the temporal bone computerized tomographies of patients who underwent adenoidectomy before the planned tympanomastoid surgery. To adequately compare the utility of one technique versus the other, blood loss and operative time were also reviewed.Results:Evaluation of the temporal bone computerized tomographies of patients by adenoidal/nasopharyngeal ratios revealed a statistically significant difference with a mean ratio of 0.41 in the cureattage and 0.30 in the endoscopic‐assisted group. However, both groups had a significant improvement in the symptom improvement scale with no evidence for a significant difference between the endoscopic‐assisted and curettage groups.Conclusions:Although, objective outcomes reveal that endoscopic‐assisted adenoidectomy technique was superior to curettage adenoidectomy in reducing adenoidal size after surgery, subjectively no differences were noted between two methods. Laryngoscope, 2010
Quantitative laryngeal electromyography: Turns and amplitude analysis
Authors: Statham Melissa McCarty , Rosen Clark A. , Nandedkar Sanjeev D. , Munin Michael C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives:Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) is primarily a qualitative examination, with no standardized approach to interpretation. The objectives of our study were to establish quantitative norms for motor unit recruitment in controls and to compare with interference pattern analysis in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP).Design:Retrospective case–control studyMethods:We performed LEMG of the thyroarytenoid‐lateral cricoarytenoid muscle complex (TA‐LCA) in 21 controls and 16 patients with unilateral VFP. Our standardized protocol used a concentric needle electrode with subjects performing variable force TA‐LCA contraction. To quantify the interference pattern density, we measured turns and mean amplitude per turn for ≥10 epochs (each 500 milliseconds). Logarithmic regression analysis between amplitude and turns was used to calculate slope and intercept. Standard deviation was calculated to further define the confidence interval, enabling generation of a linear‐scale graphical “cloud” of activity containing ≥90% of data points for controls and patients.Results:Median age of controls and patients was similar (50.7 vs. 48.5 years). In controls, TA‐LCA amplitude with variable contraction ranged from 145–1112 μV, and regression analysis comparing mean amplitude per turn to root‐mean‐square amplitude demonstrated high correlation (R = 0.82). In controls performing variable contraction, median turns per second was significantly higher compared to patients (450 vs. 290, P = .002).Conclusions:We first present interference pattern analysis in the TA‐LCA in healthy adults and patients with unilateral VFP. Our findings indicate that motor unit recruitment can be quantitatively measured within the TA‐LCA. Additionally, patients with unilateral VFP had significantly reduced turns when compared with controls. Laryngoscope, 2010
Posttonsillectomy hemorrhage: Blame on surgeons or genes?
Authors: Arweiler‐Harbeck Diana , Öztürk Ender , Bankfalvi Agnes , Lang Stephan , Siffert Winfried , Schmid Kurt Werner , Peters Jürgen , Adamzik Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether the insertion/deletion polymorphism (−94ins/delATTG) in the promoter of NFκB1 is associated with the risk of bleeding after tonsillectomy.Design and Setting:Retrospective study with genotyping performed from tonsillar tissue or blood.Patients:One hundred forty‐eight patients having undergone tonsillectomy due to chronic tonsillitis, with or without posttonsillectomy hemorrhage.Measurements and Results:DNA‐extraction from paraffin‐embedded tonsillectomy tissue or blood was followed by genotyping for the insertion/deletion (−94ins/delATTG) promoter NFκB1 polymorphism. Genotypes differed significantly between patients with (n = 56) and without (n = 92) posttonsillectomy hemorrhage, with the frequency of the homozygous deletion genotype carriers (DD) significantly increased in those with posttonsillectomy bleeding with an odds ratio (OR) for bleeding of 3.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–11.7, P = .023) but not in homozygous (II) insertion and heterozygous (ID) genotype carriers (II/ID). Genotype distribution in patients was compatible with the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between patients with or without posttonsillectomy hemorrhage with regard to demographic characteristics, different surgeons, postoperative medications like analgesics, antibiotics, anticoagulation therapy, or values of variables of pre‐ and postoperative coagulation studies. Likewise, these variables revealed no differences between genotypes.Conclusions:Carriers of the homozygous deletion allele were at an almost fourfold risk to develop posttonsillectomy hemorrhage compared to homozygous and heterozygous insertion allele carriers, independent of other risk factors. Laryngoscope, 2010