bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem of the Love‐Gannon relation between the asymmetric disturbance field and Dst
Authors: Siscoe G. L. , Love J. J. , Gannon J. L. 
Published: August 2012

Love and Gannon (2009) discovered that statistically, over a fifty year period the difference in the dawn and dusk disturbance‐field H component at low latitudes (hourly averaged) is linearly proportional to Dst. If the difference is designated by δDD in units of nT/RE, then the Love‐Gannon (L‐G) relation is δDD = −0.2 Dst. At any time departures from the relation can be large. Nonetheless, the relation is evident for all values of Dst and persists throughout magnetic storms, both the main phase and the recovery phase. The Love‐Gannon discovery presents a problem to current understanding of the relation between the causes of δDD and Dst because the dawn dusk asymmetry in the disturbance field is presumably governed by a long‐established magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling theory which predicts a characteristic time scale (the shielding time) of less than an hour whereas the characteristic time scale for Dst (the ring current decay time) is more like ten hours. Thus, without forcing both time scales toward each other to the limits of their ranges, a linear proportionality between δDD and Dst cannot be derived from the current understanding of the causes of the asymmetry and the ring current. This conclusion is the paper's main contribution. In addition, we attempt to get around the conflict of time scales by looking at other possibilities for generating δDD that depend directly on the ring current. The most promising of these is the possibility that the ring current decay mechanism creates a quasi‐permanent, local‐time modification of the ring current compared to what it would be in the absence of the decay mechanism and that this modification causes a field‐aligned current that closes through the ionosphere and generates the asymmetry δDD. This idea has the virtue of coupling the asymmetry directly to the ring current and of accounting for the persistence of the L‐G proportionality through the recovery phase of magnetic storms.
Athletes' expectations with regard to officiating competence
Authors: Dosseville Fabrice , Laborde Sylvain , Bernier Marjorie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the cues upon which athletes rely when developing their expectations with regard to the competence of sports officials and to examine the sources of information, which are given priority in different kinds of sport (i.e. team, racquet and fighting sports). A questionnaire – the Athlete Perception of Sports Officials Questionnaire (APSO‐Q) – was developed in which athletes (N=472) were asked to indicate the influence of 32 cues on their impressions of sports officials. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yielded a four‐factor model (i.e. static cues, psychological, communicational and performance cues). Athletes mostly rely on psychological and personal communication attributes when evaluating officiating competence. Moreover, team players perceived that static cues were more influential when forming their expectations of sports officials than racquet players and fighting contestants. Such findings may have implications for athlete–official relationships and training of sports officials.
Magneto-optical spectrum of Mn-doped CdS nanorods
Authors: Xiong Wen 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The electronic structure of CdS nanorods doped with manganese ions in the magnetic field is calculated based on the effective-mass theory, the conduction and valence subbands are found to be non-degenerate in Mn-doped CdS nanorods, the split energies of the valence subbands increase as the increment of the concentration of manganese ions. The possible transitions between the six lowest conduction subbands and the eight highest valence subbands are presented, the optical circularly polarized properties of each transition are also labelled. Through the calculation, it is found that the optical transitions can be influenced by the concentration of manganese ions and the applied magnetic field, and the radiative intensity of the transition in Mn-doped CdS nanorods increases with the increase in the manganese ions.
Transmission resonances in a symmetry-broken square coaxial aperture in a metal film
Authors: He Meng-Dong , Liu Jian-Qiang , Wang Kai-Jun 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We present a computational study of the transmission resonances in a symmetry-broken square coaxial aperture with an inserted particle offset (δ) from the centre. According to the distribution characteristics of oscillating charges on the exit surface, the TE11- and TE21-like mode resonances in the hole may be regarded as dipole and quadrupole plasmon resonances, respectively. It is found that symmetry breaking, due to the particle offset, makes the quadrupole plasmon resonance, which is dark in symmetric geometry, visible. Based on the charge oscillation induced light emission mechanism, we qualitatively explain the variation of the transmission peaks of dipole and quadrupole plasmon resonances with the geometrical parameter δ, and the refractive index of the dielectric filled in the hole. Using polarization-dependent surface charge plots, we illustrate two distinct mode configurations of quadrupole plasmon resonance. Our findings will be of value in tuning the electromagnetic wave in subwavelength optics and designing chemical and biomedical sensors.
On the stochastic heat equation with spatially-colored random forcing
Authors: Foondun Mohammud , Khoshnevisan Davar 
Published: August 2012

We consider the stochastic heat equation of the following form:

∂

∂
t

u
t

(
x
)
=
(

L

u
t

)
(
x
)
+
b
(

u
t

(
x
)
)
+
σ
(

u
t

(
x
)
)

F
˙

t

(
x
)

for
t
>
0
,

x
∈

R

d

,

\begin{equation*} \frac {\partial }{\partial t}u_t(x) = (\mathcal {L} u_t)(x) +b(u_t(x)) + \sigma (u_t(x))\dot {F}_t(x)\quad \text {for }t>0,\ x\in \mathbf {R}^d, \end{equation*}

where

L

\mathcal {L}

is the generator of a Lévy process and

F
˙

\dot {F}

is a spatially-colored, temporally white, Gaussian noise. We will be concerned mainly with the long-term behavior of the mild solution to this stochastic PDE.

For the most part, we work under the assumptions that the initial data

u
0

u_0

is a bounded and measurable function and

σ
\sigma

is nonconstant and Lipschitz continuous. In this case, we find conditions under which the preceding stochastic PDE admits a unique solution which is also weakly intermittent. In addition, we study the same equation in the case where

L

u

\mathcal {L}u

is replaced by its massive/dispersive analogue

L

u
−
λ
u

\mathcal {L}u-\lambda u

, where

λ
∈

R

\lambda \in \mathbf {R}

. We also accurately describe the effect of the parameter

λ
\lambda

on the intermittence of the solution in the case where

σ
(
u
)

\sigma (u)

is proportional to

u
u

[the “parabolic Anderson model”].

We also look at the linearized version of our stochastic PDE, that is, the case where

σ
\sigma

is identically equal to one [any other constant also works]. In this case, we study not only the existence and uniqueness of a solution, but also the regularity of the solution when it exists and is unique.
Stem Transcriptome Reveals Mechanisms to Reduce the Energetic Cost of Shade-Avoidance Responses in Tomato
Authors: Cagnola Juan Ignacio , Ploschuk Edmundo , Benech-Arnold Tomás , Finlayson Scott A. , Casal Jorge José 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWhile the most conspicuous response to low red/far-red ratios (R:FR) of shade light perceived by phytochrome is the promotion of stem growth, additional, less obvious effects may be discovered by studying changes in the stem transcriptome. Here, we report rapid and reversible stem transcriptome responses to R:FR in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). As expected, low R:FR promoted the expression of growth-related genes, including those involved in the metabolism of cell wall carbohydrates and in auxin responses. In addition, genes involved in flavonoid synthesis, isoprenoid metabolism, and photosynthesis (dark reactions) were overrepresented in clusters showing reduced expression in the stem of low R:FR-treated plants. Consistent with these responses, low R:FR decreased the levels of flavonoids (anthocyanin, quercetin, kaempferol) and selected isoprenoid derivatives (chlorophyll, carotenoids) in the stem and severely reduced the photosynthetic capacity of this organ. However, lignin contents were unaffected. Low R:FR reduced the stem levels of jasmonate, which is a known inducer of flavonoid synthesis. The rate of stem respiration was also reduced in low R:FR-treated plants, indicating that by downsizing the stem photosynthetic apparatus and the levels of photoprotective pigments under low R:FR, tomato plants reduce the energetic cost of shade-avoidance responses.
Arginine vasopressin‐dependent and AVP‐independent mechanisms of renal fluid absorption during thirsting despite glucocorticoid‐mediated vasopressin suppression
Authors: Ufer Friederike , Diederich Sven , Pedersen Erling B. , Spranger Joachim , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. , Bähr Volker , Mai Knut 
Published: August 2012

SummaryObjectiveGlucocorticoids seem to modify the release and effects of plasma arginine vasopressin (pAVP). However, underlying processes are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanism of the modulating effects of glucocorticoids on pAVP and renal water reabsorption.DesignFluid deprivation tests were performed without (d0) and after one (d1) and five days (d5) of oral prednisolone (Pred) pretreatment in a dosage relevant to drug therapy (30 mg/day).PatientsTwelve healthy male volunteers participated in this trial.MeasurementsPlasma and urinary osmolality, pAVP, renin, aldosterone, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as well as urinary secretion of aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were analysed.ResultsAn appropriate rise in pAVP was observable during thirsting (P < 0·001), which was absent after Pred pretreatment. However, the plasma and urinary osmolality after Pred treatment did not differ when compared with the basal thirsting test. Unchanged urinary AQP2 excretion suggests AVP‐independent mechanisms of renal fluid reabsorption. Plasma renin concentration as well as ANP was substantially increased after Pred intake at d1 and d5 (both P < 0·05), which may mediate such AVP‐independent mechanisms. Urinary PGE2 secretion was not influenced by Pred pretreatment, making a PGE2‐mediated effect on renal AQP2 translocation and water permeability unlikely. Increased efficacy of exogenous desmopressin at d1 and d5 indicates also a relative increase in AVP sensitivity of the tubular cells after Pred intake.ConclusionsThe here presented data are compatible with an increased AVP sensitivity and a partially AVP‐independent regulation of AQP2 translocation and renal fluid reabsorption during glucocorticoid treatment.
Differences in stability effects on the marine survival of hatchery pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) within the upwelling and downwelling domains of the northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: MILLER SARA E. , ADKISON MILO D. , HALDORSON LEWIS J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRegional coastal conditions have a strong influence on juvenile salmon survival during their critical first months in the marine environment. Salmon (genusOncorhynchus)survival has been thought to be favored within the high latitude downwelling domain if water column stabilities increase, whereas stability may have the opposite effect in upwelling‐dominated lower latitudes. In this study, the relationships between water column stabilities during early marine residence of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in both the upwelling and downwelling domains of the northeast Pacific Ocean and marine survival rates for hatchery stocks ranging from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to Kodiak Island, Alaska, were explored. Contrary to expectation, there was no clear difference in the effect of stability on marine survival rates in the downwelling and upwelling domains. In both domains, marine survival rates increased for pink salmon stocks that experienced below‐average stability on the inner shelf during early marine residence. Stability effects from the outer shelf showed no consistent relationship to marine survival within the northeast Pacific.
Expression of aquaporin3 in human neoplastic tissues
Authors: Niu Dongfeng , Kondo Tetsuo , Nakazawa Tadao , Yamane Tetsu , Mochizuki Kunio , Kawasaki Tomonori , Matsuzaki Toshiyuki , Takata Kuniaki , Katoh Ryohei 
Published: August 2012

Niu D, Kondo T, Nakazawa T, Yamane T, Mochizuki K, Kawasaki T, Matsuzaki T, Takata K & Katoh R  (2012) Histopathology 61, 543–551Expression of aquaporin3 in human neoplastic tissuesAims:  Aquaporin3 (AQP3) is distributed widely in mammalian tissues and plays an important role in fluid homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of expression of AQP3 in a variety of human neoplastic tissues and to explore its diagnostic implications.Methods and results:  We studied 798 neoplastic tissues using immunohistochemistry with anti‐AQP3 antibody. We demonstrated a high positive frequency of AQP3 immunoreactivity in pituitary adenomas, salivary gland tumours, thymic tumours, adenocarcinoma of the lung and prostate, squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, oesophagus and uterine cervix, apocrine carcinoma of the breast, germinal cell tumours of the ovary and testis and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. None of the sarcomas or central nervous system tumours showed AQP3 immunoreactivity. Most tumours with a high frequency of AQP3 positivity had corresponding or surrounding normal cells that also expressed AQP3. AQP3 was not a specific marker for benign or malignant epithelial neoplasms.Conclusion:  AQP3 protein is expressed in a variety of epithelial tumours limiting its use as a diagnostic marker. Furthermore, AQP3 expression in tumour cells reflected the expression status of AQP3 in the corresponding normal cells. Our data suggest that water metabolism through AQP3 is maintained during neoplastic transformation in most human tissues.
Process optimisation and physicochemical characterisation of enzymatic hydrolysates of proteins from co‐products of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi)
Authors: He Shan , Franco Chris , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe aim of this study was to develop an enzymatic hydrolysis process of protein co‐products for two major commercial fish species in Australia: Atlantic salmon (AS) and Yellowtail kingfish (YTK). The outcomes are to produce high protein recovery of fish protein hydrolysates within controlled molecular weight ranges that display enhanced physicochemical properties of oil binding and emulsification. Three enzymes (Flavourzyme, Neutrase and Alcalase) were applied to processing co‐products. Protein recovery and physicochemical properties were evaluated with increasing hydrolysis time from 30 min to 180 min and ratio of enzyme to substrate (E/S) from 0.5% to 3.0%. In order to achieve a product with optimum emulsifying capacity (50 ± 0.6 m2 g−1), an E/S ratio of 0.6–1.3% Flavourzyme was applied for 30–111 min with a protein recovery of 55%; in order to achieve a product with optimum oil‐binding capacity (8.3 ± 0.3 g oil g hydrolysates−1), an E/S ratio of 2.3–3.0% Flavourzyme was applied for 25–64 min with a protein recovery of 70%. YTK protein hydrolysates were further membrane‐fractionated into five fractions (>100 kDa, 50–100 kDa, 30–50 kDa, 10–30 kDa and <10 kDa), and of these, the 10–30 kDa exhibited the best properties of oil binding (19 ± 0.3 g oil g hydrolysates−1) and emulsification (57 ± 0.7 m2 g−1). These results demonstrate the importance of enzymatic hydrolysis of seafood co‐products into high‐value ingredients for food products and processing.
Postpartum depression: the (in) experience of Brazilian primary healthcare professionals
Authors: Santos Junior Hudson Pires Oliveira , Rosa Gualda Dulce Maria , de Fátima Araújo Silveira Maria , Hall Wendy Anne 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimThis article reports experiences of Brazilian physicians and nurses caring for women with postpartum depression in primary healthcare settings.BackgroundPrevalence of postpartum depression in Brazil ranges from 12–37%, which fits with international claims about differences in the magnitude of the problem and consistency of screening.DesignQualitative descriptive.MethodThis study was situated in health units of the Family Health Strategy in Campina Grande, Brazil. Data were collected from September 2010–January 2011 through open‐ended interviews with ten nurses and seven physicians, observations, and field diary records. Inductive content analysis was used to develop categories.FindingsThree categories: (1) Limited professional exposure to postpartum depression; (2) Postpartum depression as the domain of psychiatry; and (3) Challenges dealing with postpartum depression demonstrated that few professionals felt postpartum depression merited their attention. Women, with signs of postpartum depression, were usually identified by family members who noticed behaviours that seemed abnormal. Care providers indicated they had inadequate time and access to screening techniques to identify women with depression attending unit‐based pregnancy and postpartum groups. When identified, women were referred directly to psychiatric care.ConclusionWithout consistent screening and diagnostic techniques, Brazilian health professionals are insecure about identifying and treating cases of postpartum depression. Referring women to psychiatric units entail more time for women to be diagnosed and treated and increased costs for health services. Primary healthcare professionals require training to screen, identify, and treat postpartum depression in primary healthcare settings.
Fault displacement profiles in multilayer systems: from fault restriction to fault propagation
Authors: Roche Vincent , Homberg Catherine , Rocher Muriel 
Published: August 2012

Terra Nova, 24, 499–504, 2012AbstractThe distribution of displacement along faults is a key parameter in various areas of geology such as earthquake studies, three‐dimensional strain restoration, fault growth, and reservoir and seal strata relations in hydrocarbon systems. It is essential therefore to understand how local conditions govern displacement distribution. We analyse dip‐parallel displacement profiles of normal faults cutting five alternating limestone and shale layers and we discuss their evolution, from their nucleation to their restriction by lithological interfaces or bed‐parallel faults in clays, or to their further propagation through several layers. Local displacement gradients control the shape of displacement profiles and are highly variable over the course of fault history. Accordingly, the Dmax‐L relation is nonlinear. Bed‐parallel faults prove stronger restrictors than lithological interfaces and the correlation of the local gradient with lithology during restriction and propagation indicates that knowledge of these gradients is required if we are to understand how faults develop in multilayer systems.
Divergence on floral traits and vertebrate pollinators of two endemicEncholiriumbromeliads
Authors: Christianini A. V. , Forzza R. C. , Buzato S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractShifts in pollen vectors favour diversification of floral traits, and differences in pollination strategies between congeneric sympatric species can contribute to reproductive isolation. Divergence in flowering phenology and selfing could also reduce interspecific crossing between self‐compatible species. We investigated floral traits and visitation rates of pollinators of two sympatricEncholiriumspecies on rocky outcrops to evaluate whether prior knowledge of floral characters could indicate actual pollinators. Data on flowering phenology, visitation rates and breeding system were used to evaluate reproductive isolation. Flowering phenology overlapped between species, but there were differences in floral characters, nectar volume and concentration. Several hummingbird species visited flowers of bothEncholiriumspp., but the endemic batLonchophylla bokermanniand an unidentified sphingid only visitedE. vogelii. Pollination treatments demonstrated thatE. heloisaeandE. vogeliiwere partially self‐compatible, with weak pollen limitation to seed set. Herbivores feeding on inflorescences decreased reproductive output of both species, but forE. vogeliithe damage was higher. Our results indicate that actual pollinators can be known beforehand through floral traits, in agreement with pollination syndromes stating that a set of floral traits can be associated with the attraction of specific groups of pollinators. Divergence on floral traits and pollinator assemblage indicate that shifts in pollination strategies contribute to reproductive isolation between theseEncholiriumspecies, not divergence on flowering phenology or selfing. We suggest that hummingbird pollination might be the ancestral condition inEncholiriumand that evolution of bat pollination made a substantial contribution to the diversification of this clade.
White opaque substance represents an intracytoplasmic accumulation of lipid droplets: Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic investigation of 26 cases
Authors: Ueo Tetsuya , Yonemasu Hirotoshi , Yada Naomi , Yano Shinji , Ishida Tetsuya , Urabe Masaki , Takahashi Ken , Nagamatsu Hideyasu , Narita Ryoichi , Yao Kenshi , Daa Tsutomu , Yokoyama Shigeo 
Published: August 2012

Background and AimWhite opaque substance (WOS) in gastric neoplasias is a unique finding visualized in magnifying endoscopy (ME) with narrow band imaging (NBI) and it represents intramucosal accumulation of lipid droplets using oil red O staining.MethodsSubjects were 26 WOS‐positive (13 adenomas and 13 well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas) and 27 WOS‐negative gastric epithelial neoplasias. We carried out immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody specific for adipophilin as a marker of lipids. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to evaluate morphology of the lipid droplets.ResultsAdipophilin was detected in 24 of 25 (96.0%) WOS‐positive neoplasias, but it was detected in only two of 27 (7.4%) WOS‐negative neoplasias. Lipid droplets were only seen in the surface epithelium in 10 of 11 (91.1%) adenomas, whereas the lipid droplets also existed in the cryptal epithelium in seven of 13 (53.8%) adenocarcinomas. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed numerous lipid droplets mainly existing in the subnuclear cytoplasm of the epithelium. The shape of the lipid droplets in adenomas was round and uniform, whereas that in adenocarcinomas was irregular.ConclusionsThe present study confirmed that the presence of WOS in gastric neoplasias was dependent upon intramucosal accumulation of lipid droplets using anti‐adipophilin staining. Intraepithelial distribution and morphology of the lipid droplets differed between adenoma and adenocarcinoma.