bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘continuum of psychosis’: scientifically unproven and clinically impractical
Authors: Lawrie Stephen M. , Hall Jeremy , McIntosh Andrew M. , Owens David G. C. , Johnstone Eve C. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThe limitations of current diagnostic categories are well recognised but their rationale, advantages and utility are often ignored. The scientific support for a ‘continuum of psychosis' is limited, and the examination of whether categories, a continuum or more than one continua, and alternatives such as subtypes or hybrid models, best account for the distributions of symptoms in populations has simply not been done. There is a lack of discussion, let alone consensus, about the critical aspects of psychosis to measure, the best ways to quantify those and how these would be applied in clinical practice. Systematic studies are needed to evaluate which of a range of plausible approaches to the classification of psychosis is most useful before change could be justified.
Combined treatment with cognitive–behavioural therapy in adolescent depression: meta-analysis
Authors: Dubicka Bernadka , Elvins Rachel , Roberts Chris , Chick Greg , Wilkinson Paul , Goodyer Ian M. 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundThe treatment of adolescent depression is controversial and studies of combined treatment (antidepressants and cognitive–behavioural therapy, CBT) have produced conflicting findings.AimsTo address the question of whether CBT confers additional benefit to antidepressant treatment in adolescents with unipolar depression for depressive symptoms, suicidality, impairment and global improvement.MethodMeta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of newer-generation antidepressants and CBT in adolescent depression.ResultsThere was no evidence of a statistically significant benefit of combined treatment over antidepressants for depressive symptoms, suicidality and global improvement after acute treatment or at follow-up. There was a statistically significant advantage of combined treatment for impairment in the short-term (at 12 weeks) only. There was some evidence of heterogeneity between studies.ConclusionsAdding CBT to antidepressants confers limited advantage for the treatment of an episode of depression in adolescents. The variation in sampling and methodology between studies, as well as the small number of trials, limits the generalisability of the findings and any conclusions that can be drawn. Future studies should examine predictors of response to treatment as well as clinical components that may affect outcome.
‘What would you do if you were me, doctor?’: randomised trial of psychiatrists' personalv.professional perspectives on treatment recommendations
Authors: Mendel Rosmarie , Hamann Johannes , Traut-Mattausch Eva , Bühner Markus , Kissling Werner , Frey Dieter 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundIf patients are unsure whether a specific treatment is really good for them, they often pose the question, ‘What would you do if you were me, doctor?’ Patients want their psychiatrists to put themselves in their shoes and not to give a ‘standard recommendation’.AimsTo study whether this question really leads psychiatrists to reveal their personal preferences.MethodRandomised experimental study with 515 psychiatrists incorporating two decision scenarios (depression scenario: antidepressantv.watchful waiting; schizophrenia scenario: depotv.oral antipsychotic) and three experimental conditions (giving a recommendation to a patient asking, ‘What would you do if you were me, doctor?’; giving a regular recommendation to a patient without being asked this question; and imagining being ill and deciding for yourself). Main outcome measures were the treatments chosen or recommended by physicians.ResultsPsychiatrists choosing treatment for themselves predominantly selected other treatments (mostly watchful waiting and oral antipsychotics respectively) than what psychiatrists recommended to patients when asked in the ‘regular recommendation role’ (i.e. antidepressant and depot respectively). Psychiatrists in the ‘what-would-you-do role’ gave recommendations similar to the ‘regular recommendation role’ (depression scenario: χ2= 0.12,P= 0.73; schizophrenia scenario: χ2= 2.60,P= 0.11) but distinctly different from the ‘self role’.ConclusionsThe question ‘What would you do if you were me, doctor?’ does not motivate psychiatrists to leave their professional recommendation role and to take a more personal perspective. Psychiatrists should try to find out why individuals are asking this question and, together with the individual, identify the most appropriate treatment option.
Providing patients with information about treatment choices: do unto others?
Authors: Crawford Mike J. , Dunlea Eoin 
Published: November 2010

SummaryA variety of internal and external pressures may lead psychiatrists to promote intensive or intrusive treatments. However, when asked what treatment they would want for themselves they seem more likely to opt for less intensive treatments or no treatment at all. These differences highlight the importance of providing patients with enough information to enable them to make a fully informed choice about the treatment they receive.
Perceived oral health needs in psychiatric in-patients: impact of a dedicated dental clinic
Authors: Stevens Tom , Spoors Joanne , Hale Rob , Bembridge Helen 
Published: November 2010

Aims and methodWe have audited the impact of a dedicated dental clinic on the oral health needs of an inner-city in-patient psychiatric population. A questionnaire assessing patient perception of oral health was undertaken on in-patient wards before opening a dental clinic on the hospital site and 5 months after.ResultsThe audit suggested improvements in patients' perception of oral health, behaviour directed at oral hygiene and knowledge of accessing services after initiation of a dedicated in-patient dental clinic.Clinical implicationsPsychiatric in-patient settings may provide important opportunities for oral health promotion and intervention. This is a neglected component of in-patient care.
Topotecan Weekly Versus Conventional 5-Day Schedule in Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: A Randomized Multicenter Phase II Trial of the North-Eastern German Society of Gynecological Oncology Ovarian Cancer Study Group
Authors: Sehouli Jalid , Stengel Dirk , Harter Philipp , Kurzeder Christian , Belau Antje , Bogenrieder Thomas , Markmann Susanne , Mahner Sven , Mueller Lothar , Lorenz Ralf , Nugent Andreas , Wilke Jochen , Kuznik Andreas , Doering Gabriele , Wischnik Arthur , Sommer Harald , Meerpohl Hans-Gerd , Schroeder Willibald , Lichtenegger Werner , Oskay-Oezcelik Guelten 
Published: November 2010

Purpose Weekly administration of topotecan (Tw) is less toxic and widely considered a better treatment option than conventional 5-day therapy (Tc) in women with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. We conducted a randomized phase II trial (TOWER [Topotecan Weekly Versus Conventional 5-Day Schedule in Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer]) to better define the ratio between benefits and risks with either treatment approach. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to two independent two-stage protocols of Tw (4 mg/m2/wk administered on days 1, 8, and 15) or Tc (1.25 mg/m2/d on days 1 to 5). We evaluated risk ratios (RRs) for the primary end point of clinical benefit (complete response, partial response, and stable disease), the duration of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), associated hazard ratios (HRs), and RRs of toxicity with 95% CIs. Results In total, 194 patients were randomly assigned at 54 centers to Tw (n = 97) or Tc (n = 97). Clinical benefit was observed in 36 of 76 (47%; 95% CI, 36% to 59%) Tw and 46 of 80 (58%; 95% CI, 46% to 68%) Tc patients (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.64; P = .205). Patients in the Tw group had a slightly shorter PFS (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.76) but similar OS (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.45) compared with Tc. Tw was associated with significantly lower risks of anemia (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.79), neutropenia (RR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.65), and thrombocytopenia (RR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.57). Conclusion With regard to effectiveness in terms of response and PFS, Tc remains the standard of care in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. However, comparable OS rates and a favorable toxicity profile make Tw another viable treatment option in this setting.
Acetabular and proximal femoral alignment in patients with osteoarthritis of the dysplastic hip and its influence on the progression of disease
Authors: Aoki H. , Nagao Y. , Ishii S. , Masuda T. , Beppu M. 
Published: December 2010

In order to evaluate the relationship between acetabular and proximal femoral alignment in the initiation and evolution of osteoarthritis of the dysplastic hip, the acetabular and femoral angles were calculated geometrically from radiographs of 62 patients with pre-arthrosis and early osteoarthritis. The sum of the lateral opening angle of the acetabulum and the neck-shaft angle was defined as the lateral instability index (LII), and the sum of the anterior opening angle of the acetabulum and the anteversion angle of the femoral neck as the anterior instability index (AII). These two indices were compared in dysplastic and unaffected hips. A total of 22 unilateral hips with pre-arthrosis were followed for at least 15 years to determine whether the two indices were associated with the progression of osteoarthritis. The LII of the affected hips (197.4 (sd 6.0)) was significantly greater than that of the unaffected hips (1830 (sd 6.9)). A follow-up study of 22 hips with pre-arthrosis showed that only the LII was associated with progression of the disease, and an LII of 196 was the threshold value for this progression.
Metal ion levels following resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip
Authors: deSouza R. M. , Parsons N. R. , Oni T. , Dalton P. , Costa M. , Krikler S. 
Published: December 2010

We report serum metal ion level data in patients with unilateral and bilateral hip resurfacing over a ten-year period. In these patients there is an increase in both cobalt and chromium levels above the accepted reference ranges during the first 18 months after operation. Metal ion levels remain elevated, but decline slowly for up to five years. However, the levels then appear to start rising again in some patients up to the ten-year mark. There was no significant difference in cobalt or chromium levels between men and women. These findings appear to differ from much of the current literature. The clinical significance of a raised metal ion level remains under investigation.
The relationship between mode of delivery and developmental dysplasia of the hip in breech infants
Authors: Fox A. E. , Paton R. W. 
Published: December 2010

This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the relationship between developmental dysplasia of the hip and mode of delivery in 571 consecutive breech infants using a modified Graf’s static morphological method to grade the severity of dysplasia. In this group, 262 infants were born by planned Caesarian section, 223 by emergency section and 86 vaginally. Taking all grades of hip dysplasia into account (Graf types II, III and IV), there was no statistical difference in the incidence of dysplasia between the groups (elective section 8.4%, emergency section 8.1% and vaginal delivery 7.0%). However, when cases with Graf type II dysplasia, which may represent physiological immaturity, were excluded, the rate of type III and IV hips, which we consider to be clinically relevant, increased in the vaginally delivered group (4.7%) compared with the elective section group (1.1%), with a relative risk of approximately 1:4 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 15.91). No difference was observed between the emergency and elective section groups, or between the emergency section and vaginally delivered groups. This study supports previous published work, with the added value that the diagnoses were all confirmed by ultrasound.
Thrombolytics for Cardiac Arrest: Case Report and Systematic Review of Controlled Trials
Authors: Perrott Jerrold , Henneberry Ryan J , Zed Peter J 
Published: December 2010

Objective: To describe a successful case involving the use of tenecteplase during cardiac arrest for presumed pulmonary embolism (PE) and to systematically review the evidence from controlled trials supporting the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis during cardiac arrest. Case Summary: A 48-year-old male presented to the emergency department with an acute onset of shortness of breath that began approximately 2 hours prior to presentation. Prior to undergoing a computed tomography (CT) scan to rule out PE, the patient went into cardiac arrest, with an initial rhythm of pulseless electrical activity at a rate of 140 beats/min. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated and, due to suspected PE, a bolus dose of tenecteplase 50 mg was administered immediately following a single 1-mg dose of epinephrine. CPR was continued and 4 additional 1-mg doses of epinephrine and three 1-mg doses of atropine were given. After 13 minutes of CPR, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved, with a blood pressure of 144/50 mm Hg. After the patient was stabilized, a CT scan demonstrated extensive bilateral pulmonary emboli in most segmental arteries. He was admitted to the intensive care unit where he was sedated, paralyzed, and treated with induced hypothermia for 24 hours. He was discharged from the hospital 2 weeks later on warfarin, with no noted neurologic deficits. Discussion: A systematic search of MEDLINE (1950-August 2010), Embase (1980-August 2010), and Google Scholar (to August 2010) was conducted to identify prospective controlled trials that investigated the use of thrombolytic medications to treat cardiac arrest. Five trials involving 1544 undifferentiated cases of cardiac arrest were found. Overall, some trials reported an improved rate of ROSC following administration of thrombolytics, but there was no overall mortality reduction in any trial. There was, however, an increased risk of bleeding events following administration of a thrombolytic drug. Conclusions: Controlled trials demonstrate that there is a lack of benefit and potential harm in administering thrombolysis in an undifferentiated patient with cardiac arrest. However, the case we present provides evidence that fibrinolysis may benefit selected patients with cardiac arrest in whom PE is confirmed or in whom there is high index of suspicion of PE.
Das Zustandsreflexiv – anders als das Zustandspassiv?
Authors: Oya Toshiaki 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The construction Zustandsreflexiv consists of a copula and the perfect participle (Partizip II) of a reflexive verb. I argue that the Zustandsreflexiv can be formed from either introverted verbs like sich waschen or inherent reflexive verbs like sich erkälten, in which the external argument is suppressed. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the subject of the Zustandsreflexiv always corresponds to the internal argument of the reflexive verb and that the perfect participle of the reflexive verb is adjectivized, just like in the adjective passive. The syntactic structure of the Zustandsreflexiv is thus much the same as the one of the adjective passive.
Der Einfluss der Dependenzgrammatik auf die Computerlinguistik
Authors: Rehbein Ines 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In 1959, Lucien Tesnière wrote his main work Éléments de syntaxe structurale. While the impact on theoretical linguistics was not very strong at first, 50 years later there exist a variety of linguistic theories based on Tesnière's work. In computational linguistics, as in theoretical linguistics, dependency grammar was not very influential at first. The last 10–15 years, however, have brought a noticeable change and dependency grammar has found its way into computational linguistics. Syntactically annotated corpora based on dependency representations are available for a variety of languages, as well as statistical parsers which give a syntactic analysis of running text describing the underlying dependency relations between word tokens in the text. This article gives an overview of relevant areas of computational linguistics which have been influenced by dependency grammar. It discusses the pros and cons of different types of syntactic representation used in natural language processing and their suitability as representations of meaning. Finally, an attempt is made to give an outlook on the future impact of dependency grammar on computational linguistics.
Kasusrektion durch das Lexem voll. Kasusvariation, aber kein Genitivschwund
Authors: Sahel Said 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This paper reports on the results of a corpus study on case variation after the lexeme voll (‘full’). It deals with constructions like (er ist voll revolutionären Bewusstseins ‘he is full of revolutionarygen awarenessgen’ vs. er ist voll revolutionärem Bewusstsein ‘he is full of revolutionarydat awarenessdat’). Many reference grammars of German claim that voll (‘full’) governs the genitive as well as the dative and that in current language use the dative increasingly replaces the genitive. Based on an electronic corpus of the German daily newspaper Der Tagesspiegel, the issues of the extent of the case variation after voll (‘full’) and the government properties of this lexeme are addressed. The data analysis reveals that case variation only occurs when the governed NP is in singular. Here, the rate of dative (62%) is higher than that of genitive (38%). In the plural condition, however, the data analysis shows no case variation. Here, voll (‘full’) exclusively governs the genitive. Hence, the findings do not support the claim of a general genitive loss after voll (‘full’). It is argued that the discrepancy between the singular and the plural conditions can be considered as a syntactically motivated case variation. The findings are mainly discussed in the context of Gallmann's (1996) approach of the syntactically determinate case ending omission.
How to disambiguate an evidential construct? Taxonomy and compositionality of Romanian verbal complexes with evidential semantics
Authors: Irimia Monica-Alexandrina 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This paper examines a specific verbal paradigm with evidential interpretations in Romanian; it also addresses intriguing questions about compositionality in the evidential domain and the precise delimitation of this notion from other (modal) categories. The discussion is centered on a typical characteristic of evidentials about the past, namely that they are homophonous with the perfect counterfactuals and future perfects. A battery of tests is examined in detail, and it is demonstrated that evidentials are not pragmatic extensions of homophonous forms; they rather have to be considered independent entries in the database.
Optical in-situ spectroscopy of high-temperature properties of olivines
Authors: Shi Jianmin , Dlugocz Stephen , Ganschow Steffen , Ebbinghaus Stefan G. , Becker Klaus Dieter 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
An in-situ optical spectroscopy investigation at high temperatures is reported into the defect chemistry and cation kinetics of cobalt-containing olivines. The equilibrium defect optical absorption is studied as a function of oxygen activity at high temperatures. The kinetics of cation redistribution between the two non-equivalent sites in the olivine crystal structure is investigated by temperature-jump relaxation experiments. It is found that both the compositional dependence of kinetics of the cation redistribution process and the dependence of point defect concentration on oxygen activity favor a defect model involving cation vacancies and electron holes (Co3+).
HID-1, a New Component of the Peptidergic Signaling Pathway
Authors: Mesa Rosana , Luo Shuo , Hoover Christopher M , Miller Kenneth , Minniti Alicia , Inestrosa Nibaldo , Nonet Michael L 
Published: November 2010

Abstracthid-1 was originally identified as a Caenorhabditis elegans gene encoding a novel conserved protein that regulates the decision to enter into the enduring dauer larval stage. We isolated a novel allele of hid-1 in a forward genetic screen for mutants mislocalizing RBF-1 rabphilin, a RAB-27 effector. Here we demonstrate that HID-1 functions in the nervous system to regulate neuromuscular signaling and in the intestine to regulate the defecation motor program. We further show that a conserved N-terminal myristoylated motif of both invertebrate and vertebrate HID-1 is essential for its association with intracellular membranes in nematodes and PC12 cells. C. elegans neuronal HID-1 resides on intracellular membranes in neuronal cell somas; however, the kinesin UNC-104 also transports HID-1 to synaptic regions. HID-1 accumulates in the axons of unc-13 and unc-31 mutants, suggesting it is associated with neurosecretory vesicles. Consistent with this, genetic studies place HID-1 in a peptidergic signaling pathway. Finally, a hid-1 null mutation reduces the levels of endogenous neuropeptides and alters the secretion of fluorescent-tagged cargos derived from neuronal and intestinal dense core vesicles (DCVs). Taken together, our findings indicate that HID-1 is a novel component of a DCV-based neurosecretory pathway and that it regulates one or more aspects of the biogenesis, maturation, or trafficking of DCVs.
Mapping the Epistatic Network Underlying Murine Reproductive Fatpad Variation
Authors: Jarvis Joseph P , Cheverud James M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Genome-wide mapping analyses are now commonplace in many species and several networks of interacting loci have been reported. However, relatively few details regarding epistatic interactions and their contribution to complex trait variation in multicellular organisms are available and the identification of positional candidate loci for epistatic QTL (epiQTL) is hampered, especially in mammals, by the limited genetic resolution inherent in most study designs. Here we further investigate the genetic architecture of reproductive fatpad weight in mice using the F10 generation of the LG,SM advanced intercross (AI) line. We apply multiple mapping techniques including a single-locus model, locus-specific composite interval mapping (CIM), and tests for multiple QTL per chromosome to the 12 chromosomes known to harbor single-locus QTL (slQTL) affecting obesity in this cross. We also perform a genome-wide scan for pairwise epistasis. Using this combination of approaches we detect 199 peaks spread over all 19 autosomes, which potentially contribute to trait variation including all eight original F2 loci (Adip1-8), novel slQTL peaks on chromosomes 7 and 9, and several novel epistatic loci. Extensive epistasis is confirmed involving both slQTL confidence intervals (C.I.) as well as regions that show no significant additive or dominance effects. These results provide important new insights into mapping complex genetic architectures and the role of epistasis in complex trait variation.