bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friedrich Meinecke: Panentheism and the Crisis of Historicism
Authors: Krol Reinbert A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFriedrich Meinecke’s Die Idee der Staatsräson (1924) is generally seen as the study in which he replaced his monistic-idealistic philosophy of history ‐ as articulated in Weltbürgertum und Nationalstaat ‐ by a dualistic worldview. In this article I will argue against this view. I will do so on the basis of a brief analysis of Meinecke’s Staatsräson-study. I will show that Meinecke succeeded in combining his monism and his dualism within a so-called (harmonious) ‘panentheistic’ philosophy.Next, when discussing Meinecke’s position in the crisis of historicism, critics generally refer to Meinecke’s Die Entstehung des Historismus (1936) or his essays from around the 1920s, but refer rarely to Die Idee der Staatsräson. Yet it is precisely this study ‐ dealing with the theory and practice of statesmanship ‐ that gives us a good grasp of Meinecke’s reponse to the crisis of historicism, since it is in the state where idea and reality collide most brutally. Questions of ethical relativism, of the relationship between power and ethics, and of that between politics and history are nowhere more pressing than in the practice of statesmanship. It will become clear that, according to Meinecke, the statesman’s (or the historian’s) conscience moves him to a sphere of panentheistic harmony enabling him (and the historian) to overcome the aporias of historicism.
Beyond Historicism: From Leibniz to Luhmann
Authors: den Hollander Jaap 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe phrase ‘beyond historicism’ is usually associated with Bielefeld historians like Hans Ulrich Wehler and Jürgen Kocka, who attempted to turn the study of history into a social science, but a better candidate would be the sociologist Niklas Luhmann, who happened to teach as well in Bielefeld during the 1970’s and 1980’s. Luhmann had little affinity with the project of his colleagues from the history department. He took the opposite view that the social sciences suffered from a naive enlightenment view and should become more history minded. Like the historicists of the early nineteenth century Luhmann was indirectly inspired by the philosophy of Leibniz. Although Luhmann’s theory of social systems may seem miles away from the daily interests of most historians, it can be interpreted as an Aufhebung of historicism. This will be demonstrated for two important concepts, the autopoietic system which incorporates the historicist notion of individuality and the concept of second order observation which can be read as an abstract redescription of what historicists meant by the historical method.
Vitamin D receptor deletion leads to increased hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells residing in the spleen
Authors: Jeanson Nathaniel T. , Scadden David T. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Bone components participate in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells in the adult mammal. Vitamin D regulates bone mineralization and is associated with pleiotropic effects in many cell types, including putative roles in hematopoietic differentiation. We report that deletion of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in hematopoietic cells did not result in cell autonomous perturbation of hematopoietic stem cell or progenitor function. However, deletion of VDR in the microenvironment resulted in a marked accumulation of hematopoietic stem cells in the spleen that could be reversed by calcium dietary supplementation. These data suggest that VDR participates in restricting splenic hematopoiesis through maintenance of bone calcium homeostasis and are consistent with the concept that calcium regulation through VDR is a central participant in localizing adult hematopoiesis preferentially to bone marrow.
Genomic characterization of large rearrangements of the LDLR gene in Czech patients with familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Goldmann Radan , Tichý Lukáš , Freiberger Tomáš , Zapletalová Petra , Letocha Ondřej , Soška Vladimír , Fajkus Jiří , Fajkusová Lenka 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Mutations in the LDLR gene are the most frequent cause of Familial hypercholesterolemia, an autosomal dominant disease characterised by elevated concentrations of LDL in blood plasma. In many populations, large genomic rearrangements account for approximately 10% of mutations in the LDLR gene.

Methods
DNA diagnostics of large genomic rearrangements was based on Multiple Ligation dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). Subsequent analyses of deletion and duplication breakpoints were performed using long-range PCR, PCR, and DNA sequencing.

Results
In set of 1441 unrelated FH patients, large genomic rearrangements were found in 37 probands. Eight different types of rearrangements were detected, from them 6 types were novel, not described so far. In all rearrangements, we characterized their exact extent and breakpoint sequences.

Conclusions
Sequence analysis of deletion and duplication breakpoints indicates that intrachromatid non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between Alu elements is involved in 6 events, while a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is implicated in 2 rearrangements. Our study thus describes for the first time NHEJ as a mechanism involved in genomic rearrangements in the LDLR gene.
The quality of preventive health care delivered to adults: results from a cross-sectional study in Southern Italy
Authors: Manuti Benedetto , Rizza Paolo , Bianco Aida , Nobile Carmelo GA , Pavia Maria 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundIt is assumed that providing clinical preventive services to patients can identify or detect early important causes of adult mortality. The aim of this study was to quantify access to preventive services in Southern Italy and to assess whether and how the provision of preventive care was influenced by any specific characteristics of patients.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study adults aged 18 years and over attending primary care physician (PCP) offices located in Southern Italy were interviewed from June through December 2007. Quality indicators of preventive health care developed from RAND's Quality Assessment Tools and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify and to assess the role of patients' characteristics on delivery of clinical preventive services.ResultsA total of 1467 subjects participated in the study. Excepting blood pressure preventive check (delivered to 64.4% of eligible subjects) and influenza vaccination (recommended to 90.2% of elderly), the rates of delivery of clinical preventive services were low across all measures, particularly for screening and counseling on health habits. Rates for providing cancer screening tests at recommended times were 21.3% for colonoscopy, 51.5% for mammography and 52.4% for Pap smear. Statistical analysis showed clear disparities in the provision of clinical preventive services associated with age, gender, education level, perceived health status, current health conditions and primary care access measures.ConclusionsThere is overwhelming need to develop and implement effective interventions to improve delivery of routine clinical preventive services.
New method for selection of hydrogen peroxide adapted bifidobacteria cells using continuous culture and immobilized cell technology
Authors: Mozzetti Valeria , Grattepanche Franck , Moine Déborah , Berger Bernard , Rezzonico Enea , Meile Leo , Arigoni Fabrizio , Lacroix Christophe 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Oxidative stress can severely compromise viability of bifidobacteria. Exposure of Bifidobacterium cells to oxygen causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species, mainly hydrogen peroxide, leading to cell death. In this study, we tested the suitability of continuous culture under increasing selective pressure combined with immobilized cell technology for the selection of hydrogen peroxide adapted Bifidobacterium cells. Cells of B. longum NCC2705 were immobilized in gellan-xanthan gum gel beads and used to continuously ferment MRS medium containing increasing concentration of H2O2 from 0 to 130 ppm.

Results
At the beginning of the culture, high cell density of 1013 CFU per litre of reactor was tested. The continuous culture gradually adapted to increasing H2O2 concentrations. However, after increasing the H2O2 concentration to 130 ppm the OD of the culture decreased to 0. Full wash out was prevented by the immobilization of the cells in gel matrix. Hence after stopping the stress, it was possible to re-grow the cells that survived the highest lethal dose of H2O2 and to select two adapted colonies (HPR1 and HPR2) after plating of the culture effluent. In contrast to HPR1, HPR2 showed stable characteristics over at least 70 generations and exhibited also higher tolerance to O2 than non adapted wild type cells. Preliminary characterization of HPR2 was carried out by global genome expression profile analysis. Two genes coding for a protein with unknown function and possessing trans-membrane domains and an ABC-type transporter protein were overexpressed in HPR2 cells compared to wild type cells.

Conclusions
Our study showed that continuous culture with cell immobilization is a valid approach for selecting cells adapted to hydrogen peroxide. Elucidation of H2O2 adaptation mechanisms in HPR2 could be helpful to develop oxygen resistant bifidobacteria.
Induction of early Purkinje cell dendritic differentiation by thyroid hormone requires RORα
Authors: Boukhtouche Fatiha , Brugg Bernard , Wehrlé Rosine , Bois-Joyeux Brigitte , Danan Jean-Louis , Dusart Isabelle , Mariani Jean 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Background
The active form (T3) of thyroid hormone (TH) controls critical aspects of cerebellar development, such as migration of postmitotic neurons and terminal dendritic differentiation of Purkinje cells. The effects of T3 on early dendritic differentiation are poorly understood.

Results
In this study, we have analyzed the influence of T3 on the progression of the early steps of Purkinje cell dendritic differentiation in postnatal day 0 organotypic cerebellar cultures. These steps include, successively, regression of immature neuritic processes, a stellate cell stage, and the extension of several long and mature perisomatic protrusions before the growth of the ultimate dendritic tree. We also studied the involvement of RORα, a nuclear receptor controlling early Purkinje cell dendritic differentiation. We show that T3 treatment leads to an accelerated progression of the early steps of dendritic differentiation in culture, together with an increased expression of RORα (mRNA and protein) in both Purkinje cells and interneurons. Finally, we show that T3 failed to promote early dendritic differentiation in staggerer RORα-deficient Purkinje cells.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that T3 action on the early Purkinje cell dendritic differentiation process is mediated by RORα.
Laboratory diagnostics in acute poisoning: critical overview
Authors: Rentsch Katharina M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLaboratory diagnostics play an important role in the treatment of patients with acute poisoning. The classical clinical chemistry and hematology tests help initiate supportive treatment, and specialized methods enable elucidation of the poisons involved. In this context, two different analytical approaches are used: the direct quantification of a potentially involved compound or screening procedures looking either for a distinct drug class or a wide variety of different compounds. The most common tests are immunoassays, which have the advantage of being fast and highly automated. These assays are available for the substances which are often involved in intoxications. The other analytical technique which is widely used is hyphenated chromatography consisting of either high-performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography as chromatographic systems and detection with a diode-array or mass spectrometer. Whereas gas chromatography mass spectrometry screening procedures have been known for a long time, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry screening methods are now developed by different research groups and still need to prove their reliability. In this review, the different analytical technologies and their application will be discussed.Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1381–7.
Release of Potassium from Nonexchangeable Forms from Size Fractions of Several Iowea Soils
Authors: Pratt P. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSurface samples of 13 Iowa soils were fractionated into six size fractions. K release from nonexchangeable forms from these size fractions was measured by an extraction for 10 minutes with boiling 1.0 N NHO3. The K release to HNO3 per unit weight was highest in the 0.2‐ to 2‐micron fraction for 12 of the 13 soils, was highest in the <0.2‐micron fraction for one soil, and decreased with increase in particle size in the silt fractions. For each of six size fractions the release per unit weight was correlated with release from the whole soil.The calculated percentage distribution of K release among the size fractions suggested that the clay fractions contributed about 60% and the coarser fractions contributed about 40% of the K release from the whole soil.For eight soils the lowest total K was in the <0.2‐micron fraction and the highest total K was in the 2‐ to 5‐micron fraction.The percentage of the total K which was soluble in HNO3 was highest in the <0.2‐micron fraction and decreased with increase in particle size. The percentage solubility of K in the clay fraction was not related to the degree of weathering of the soils, but the percentage solubility in the silt fractions was closely correlated with degree of weathering.
The Effects of Fertilizer Applications on the Yields and Nodulation of Tropical Kudzu
Authors: Samuels George , Landrau Pablo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn view of the reported good growth of tropical kudzu, Pueraria phaseoloides javanica, in acid soils (pH 5.5 and below) and the use of nitrogen fertilizers to establish kudzu stand, this study was initiated to determine the effects of liming and nitrogen on yields and nodulation.The tropical kudzu was grown in the greenhouse on Lares clay, an acid lateritic clay with a pH of 4.4. The treatments consisted of a control, nitrogen (1,200 pounds of ammonium sulfate), calcium (10,000 pounds of CaCO3), nitrogen plus calcium, and borax (30 pounds) plus calcium. All treatments received P2O5 and K2O at a rate of 100 pounds each per acre. The kudzu was harvested at a crop age of 3 months.The use of nitrogen increased yields significantly over the control with no nitrogen, but the number of nodules per plant decreased very significantly from 59 nodules per plant to 10 nodules per plant. The lime treatment gave higher yields than the control, but not as high as the nitrogen treatment; the number of nodules per plant, however, was highest for the lime treatment. The use of lime and nitrogen in combination gave the highest yields, but the number of nodules per plant was reduced to the same as the treatment with nitrogen only. Lime and borax together gave high yields, parallel to the nitrogen treatment, but the number of nodules per plant was the lowest obtained for any treatment. The nitrogen content showed no statistically significant difference for any treatment.
Dominant Soils of the Redwood — Douglas‐fir Region of California
Authors: Storie R. Earl , Wieslander A. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMore than three million acres of the upland area of the Redwood‐Douglas‐fir Region of California have been mapped and classified to obtain information for use in the management of forest, grazing, and watershed land, as well as basic data on the soils of this important area. In this survey the soils have been classified as to soil series and depth classes.The dominant soil series are divided into six groups according to association with natural vegetation cover and productivity for timber and grass. Groups 1 and 2 are associated with conifer timber forests; groups 3 and 4 with grass and oak‐grass types; and groups 5 and 6 with chaparral. Group 1, the best for timber, includes soils of podzolic character, represented by such series as the Hugo and Josephine; Group 2, those of alkaline character, represented by the Cornutt and Dubakella series; Group 3, the best for grass, those classed as prairie soils, generally treeless and associated with perennial grasses and represented by the Los Osos and Kneeland series; Group 4, those classed as noncalcic brown, associated with annual grasses and open stands of oak, and represented by the Laughlin series; Group 5, lithosols of low site quality for grass and represented by the Los Gatos series; and Group 6, lithosols of very low site quality for grass and represented by the Maymen and Henneke series.Data from profiles typical of the six groups of soils are presented showing soil characteristics, vegetational cover, and ratings of suitability for timber and for grass. These data point out that timber does best on medium textured deep (more than 4 feet to bedrock), permeable, well‐drained soils where the annual rainfall exceeds 40 inches; that grass, in contrast, does best on finer textured, less permeable, and less well‐drained — although shallower soils (between 2 and 3 feet deep) — which are typically less acid or more basic with depth; and that chaparral can grow on very shallow soils (less than 1 foot deep).
Evaluation of Certain Factors Involved in Increasing Manganese Availability with Sulfur
Authors: Garey C. L. , Barber S. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractManganese deficiency on certain Indiana soils may be corrected by adding sulfur. When elemental sulfur is added to the soil, three important changes take place: an oxidation‐reduction reaction, an increase in the sulfate ion concentration, and a pH change. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the importance of each of these factors in increasing manganese availability. Chemicals which would theoretically produce these three actions singly and in all possible combinations were added in equivalent amounts to a Maumee sandy loam soil having pH levels of 6.0, 6.5, and 7.5. This soil had previously shown severe manganese deficiency at the two higher pH levels. The chemicals used were elemental sulfur, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulfate, sugar, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium chloride. Soybeans were grown as the indicator crop.Relationship between the yield and manganese content of the soybeans and the treatments were obtained under these conditions. The treatments including sulfur oxidation gave yields and manganese contents above that which could be attributed to pH change. Treatments causing a pH change benefited the crop in proportion to the pH change. The presence of sulfate alone gave no effect.
The Decomposition of Partridge Pea and its Influence on Nitrification
Authors: Colom Juan , McCalla T. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractComparative decomposition rates of alfalfa, wheat straw, and whole partridge pea, or its various plant parts taken separately, were determined by measuring weight losses during laboratory incubations. Effects of these plant materials on nitrification rates in soil were also determined.The alfalfa lost the most weight by decomposition during a 32‐week period. The loss in weight of straw also exceeded that of the whole plant of partridge pea. The nitrification rate with partridge pea added was lower than that with untreated soil. Partridge pea leaves increased nitrification, but the pods or stalks decreased it.The nitrate content of field plots previously grown to partridge pea was higher than that of plots without a legume, but not as high as in plots previously in sweet clover.
Response of Potatoes to Rate and Placement of Nitrogen in Connecticut, 1948–1950
Authors: Hawkins Arthur , Brown B. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSince the use of new more efficient insecticides and fungicides permits potato vines to live longer, it appeared necessary to reevaluate the response of potatoes to rate and placement of nitrogen fertilization. Such experiments were conducted on growers' fields in the Connecticut River Valley 1948–1950, located on fine sandy loam soils which had been cropped frequently to potatoes, the most common situation in Connecticut. These soils contained from 2 to 3% organic matter and had pH values of 4.8–5.5.Plots four rows wide by either 40 or 50 feet long were replicated six times in a Latin Square design. The same amount of phosphorus and potash was applied in the row in each case, namely, 180 pounds per acre. The nitrogen rates ranged from 90 to 180 pounds per acre in 1948 and 1949, and from 120 to 210 pounds in 1950.The results indicate that with the use of the best insect and disease control methods for potatoes, grown on land planted frequently to potatoes, increased yields can be obtained with increasing amounts of nitrogen up to about 150 to 180 pounds per acre in a favorable season. The use of injurious fungicides and/or inadequate insect control resulted in little or no response to more than 90 to 120 pounds of nitrogen per acre especially in years of low rainfall.During the favorable season of 1950 at locations where the moisture holding capacity of the soil was favorable or where irrigation was used on a droughty soil during dry periods, increased yields of potatoes were obtained with 180 and in some instances, with 210 pounds of nitrogen per acre over lesser amounts, on soils low in available nitrogen.There was no advantage in yields from broadcasting part of the nitrogen either in the form of castor pomace or sulfate of ammonia previous to planting, or sidedressing with ammonium nitrate as compared with putting all the nitrogen in the row, side band placement, at planting time.The study showed the availability to potatoes of applications of ammonium nitrate to furnish 50 to 90 pounds of nitrogen applied when the plants were 6 to 10 inches high. This is a less expeusive method of supplying nitrogen for potatoes.
Decomposition of Bentonite as Affected by H, Ca, Mg, and Dry Grinding
Authors: Perkins Alfred T. , Dragsdorf R. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe objective of the work is to show data on the effect of close contact, during grinding, of several cations, on the decomposition of bentonite. H, Ca, and Mg were chosen to saturate the bentonite and the clay was dry ground for 36 weeks in a ball mill. The decomposition products were examined by studying chemical composition, chemical reactions, solubility, X‐rays, etc. The data indicated that the presence of Mg as compared to H or Ca caused a more rapid decomposition of the bentonite. In many cases a similarity of structure of the ground bentonite persisted as shown by X‐ray patterns in spite of great differences in base exchange capacity and solubility and other chemical characteristics.