bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
«The World Unplugged» and «24 Hours without Media»: Media Literacy to Develop Self-Awareness Regarding Media
Authors: Moeller Susan , Powers Elia , Roberts Jessica 
Published: July 2012

Across the globe, many students have easy and constant access to media, yet they often receive little or no instruction about the impact of their media consumption. This article outlines a «24 hours without media» exercise in accordance with the guidelines set in Module 7, Unit 1 of the UNESCO curriculum. In the fall of 2010, nearly 1,000 students from a dozen universities across five continents took part in «The World Unplugged» study. Researchers at the University of Maryland gathered students’ narrative responses to the going without media assignment and analyzed them by using grounded theory and analytic abduction, assisted by IBM’s ManyEyes computer analysis software. Results showed that going without media made students dramatically more cognizant of their own media habits –with many self-reporting an «addiction» to media– a finding further supported by a clear majority in every country admitting outright failure of their efforts to go unplugged. Students also reported that having constant access to digital technology is integral to their personal identities; it is essential to the way they construct and manage their work and social lives. «The World Unplugged» exercise enabled experiential learning; students gained increased self-awareness about the role of media in their lives and faculty came to better understand the Internet usage patterns of their students, enhancing their ability to help young people become more media literate.La mayoría de los jóvenes del mundo se conecta habitualmente a los medios de comunicación; sin embargo, en pocas ocasiones reciben formación respecto a los impactos que este consumo mediático tiene en ellos mismos. Este artículo expone la experiencia llevada a cabo en el marco del Currículum UNESCO, denominada «24 horas sin medios». En otoño de 2010, cerca de 1.000 estudiantes de 12 universidades de cuatro continentes participaron en el estudio «El mundo desconectado». Investigadores de la Universidad de Maryland (Estados Unidos) recogieron rigurosamente las reflexiones de los alumnos que participaron y las analizaron a través del programa estadístico IBM’s ManyEyes. Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes, a raíz del ejercicio, fueron más conscientes de sus hábitos mediáticos, y muchos de ellos indagaron sobre su propia «adicción» a los medios, mientras que otros no consiguieron siquiera concluir estas 24 horas sin medios. También se pone en evidencia que el acceso cotidiano a la tecnología digital forma parte ya de su identidad juvenil y son básicas para entender su forma de trabajar y sus relaciones sociales. También se demuestra que los alumnos aumentaron su autoconciencia sobre el papel de los medios en sus vidas, y el profesorado comenzó a comprender mejor los intereses de sus alumnos, así como sus parámetros de consumo de Internet, mejorando sus habilidades para ayudar a los jóvenes a estar más alfabetizados mediáticamente.
Synchronous Virtual Environments for e-Assessment in Higher Education
Authors: Yuste-Tosina Rocío , Alonso-Díaz Laura , Blázquez-Entonado Florentino 
Published: July 2012

This research studies an assessment system of distance learning that combines an innovative virtual assessment tool and the use of synchronous virtual classrooms with videoconferencing, which could become a reliable and guaranteed model for the evaluation of university e-learning activities. This model has been tested in an online course for Secondary School Education Specialists for Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American graduates. The research was designed from a qualitative methodology perspective and involved teachers, students and external assessors. During the whole process great care was taken to preserve data credibility, consistency and reliability, and a system of categories and subcategories that represents online assessment has been developed. The results confirm that we have made considerable progress in achieving a viable, efficient and innovative educational model that can be implemented in Higher Distance Education. Also, videoconferencing and synchronous virtual classrooms have proved to be efficient tools for evaluating the e-assessment method in virtual learning spaces. However, we need to keep testing this model in other educational scenarios in order to guarantee its viability.
En el presente trabajo de investigación se somete a estudio un sistema de evaluación de los aprendizajes en enseñanza a distancia en el que, combinando un tipo de evaluación virtual pedagógicamente innovadora y el uso de aulas virtuales síncronas, con videoconferencia, pueda acreditarse un modelo fiable y garante de evaluación de los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje para actividades de e-learning universitarias. El modelo se ha probado en un curso online de Especialista en Educación Secundaria dirigido a titulados universitarios españoles, portugueses y latinoamericanos. Desde una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, se diseñó una investigación cuyos participantes han sido el profesorado y el alumnado protagonistas de la formación, así como evaluadores externos. Durante todo el proceso se han cuidado especialmente los aspectos relacionados con la credibilidad, consistencia y confirmabilidad de los datos obtenidos, extrayendo de modo inductivo un sistema de categorías y subcategorías que representan la evaluación de los aprendizajes en procesos formativos online. Los resultados confirman que se ha avanzado en la consecución de un modelo innovador de e-evaluación viable, eficaz y que garantiza su aplicación en enseñanza superior a distancia. Asimismo, el uso de videoconferencias y de las aulas virtuales síncronas para realizar entrevistas de eevaluación ha resultado ser un instrumento eficaz en espacios virtuales de aprendizaje. De cualquier modo, se evidencia la necesidad de continuar experimentando este modelo en otros escenarios educativos.
An Optimal Transport View of Schrödinger's Equation
Authors: von Renesse Max-K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe show that the Schrödinger equation is a lift of Newton's third law of motionon the space of probability measures, where derivatives are taken with respect to the Wasserstein Riemannian metric. Here the potentialμ→F(μ) is the sum of the total classical potential energy (V, μ) of the extended system and its Fisher information. The precise relation is established via a well-known (Madelung) transform which is shown to be a symplectic submersion of the standard symplectic structure of complex valued functions into the canonical symplectic space over the Wasserstein space. All computations are conducted in the framework of Otto's formal Riemannian calculus for optimal transportation of probability measures.
Les grandeurs fondamentales de la Théorie générale
Authors: Rosier Michel 
Published: July 2012

La Théorie générale emprunte certains de ses concepts fondamentaux à la comptabilité privée, en particulier : le revenu de l’entrepreneur et l’opération qui consiste à affecter une part de ce revenu à l’autofinancement (amortissements, provisions et réserves), c’est-à-dire l’épargne des entreprises. Ces deux concepts sont ignorés par les interprètes de Keynes. Pourtant, ils sont nécessaires pour comprendre pourquoi une dépense d’investissement crée une épargne égale, pourquoi une telle dépense est susceptible d’enclencher un processus de multiplication, et comment un autofinancement trop important peut être la cause d’une crise.
Constructing a Large-Scale English-Persian Parallel Corpus
Authors: Mosavi Miangah Tayebeh 
Published: July 2012

In recent years the exploitation of large text corpora in solving various kinds of linguistic problems, including those of translation, is commonplace. Yet a large-scale English-Persian corpus is still unavailable, because of certain difficulties and the amount of work required to overcome them.
The project reported here is an attempt to constitute an English-Persian parallel corpus composed of digital texts and Web documents containing little or no noise. The Internet is useful because translations of existing texts are often published on the Web. The task is to find parallel pages in English and Persian, to judge their translation quality, and to download and align them. The corpus so created is of course open; that is, more material can be added as the need arises.
One of the main activities associated with building such a corpus is to develop software for parallel concordancing, in which a user can enter a search string in one language and see all the citations for that string in it and corresponding sentences in the target language. Our intention is to construct general translation memory software using the present English-Persian parallel corpus.
Identification of two inherited copy number variants in a male with autism supports two‐hit and compound heterozygosity models of autism
Authors: Gau Susan Shur‐Fen , Liao Hsiao‐Mei , Hong Chao‐Chun , Chien Wei‐Hsien , Chen Chia‐Hsiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAutism is a childhood‐onset neurodevelopmental disorder with complex genetic mechanism underlying its etiology. Recent studies revealed that a few single de novo copy number variants of genomic DNA (copy number variants [CNVs]) are pathogenic and causal in some sporadic cases, adding support to the hypothesis that some sporadic autism might be caused by single rare mutation with large clinical effect. In this study, we report the detection of two novel private CNVs simultaneously in a male patient with autism. These two CNVs include a microduplication of ∼4.5 Mb at chromosome 4q12‐13.1 that was transmitted from his mother and a microdeletion of ∼1.8 Mb at 5q32 that was transmitted from his father. Several genes such as LPHN3, POU4F3, SH3RF2, and TCERG1 mapped to these two regions have psychiatric implications. However, the parents had only mild degree of attention deficit symptoms but did not demonstrate any obvious autistic symptoms or psychopathology. Our findings indicate that each of these two CNVs alone may not be pathogenic enough to cause clinical symptoms in their respective carriers, and hence they can be transmitted within each individual family. However, concomitant presence of these two CNVs might result in the clinical phenotypes of the affected patient reported here. Thus, our report of this family may represent an example to show that two hits of CNV and the presence of compound heterozygosity might be important mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of autism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KTP crystal growth from the starting materials reacted in solution
Authors: Lu Tianye , Hu Zhanggui , Li Xiaomao , Yue Yinchao , Yu Xuesong , Wu Zhenxiong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUsing the solution‐reacted materials, potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4, KTP) crystal was grown by the top‐seeded solution growth (TSSG) method. The solution‐reacted precursor was characterized by scanning electron microscope, and the solubility of KTP in K8P6O19 was measured. The crystals were investigated by synchrotron radiation X‐ray topography, scattering centers measurement, weak absorption test and damage threshold test. The results showed that dispersion was better and solubility was higher than those by solid‐reacted method. Compared with the conventional crystal, KTP crystal grown from the solution‐reacted precursor had fewer defects, fewer scattering centers, lower weak absorption and higher damage threshold.
The induction time, interfacial energy and growth mechanism of maltitol in batch cooling crystallization
Authors: Hou J. , Wu S. , Li R. , Dong W. , Gong J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMaltitol is crystallized with seeds by cooling mode in industry, often with large amount of fine crystals and wide crystal size distribution. To eliminate the fine nucleation, it's necessary to understand the nucleation kinetics. In this work, the solubility of maltitol in water was measured by the gravimetric method, the nucleation kinetics of maltitol in batch cooling crystallization was investigated using focus beam reflectance measurement (FBRM), and a novel method was proposed to determine the induction time from the trend of the crystal median chord given by FBRM. Based on the relationship between the induction time and the supersaturation, the nucleation mechanism was obtained, including homogenous nucleation at high supersaturation and heterogenous nucleation at low supersaturation. Additionally, combining the classical nucleation theory (CNT) and Arrhenius’ principle, the crystal‐solution interfacial energy and the energy barrier of homogenous nucleation were calculated. From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, the growth mechanism of maltitol was identified as surface nucleation growth and the surface entropy factor calculated from the kinetic analyses of tind data corroborated this growth mechanism.
Predicting intergroup fairness and ingroup bias in the minimal group paradigm
Authors: Platow Michael J. , McClintock Charles G. , Liebrand Wim B. G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPrevious social psychological theory and research based on the Minimal Group Paradigm have stressed the dominance of ingroup bias in intergroup evaluations and allocation behaviour. However, fairness in intergroup allocations has also been observed. Tested here were hypotheses derived from three non‐mutually exclusive theories: (1) Social Identity Theory (e.g. Tajfel and Turner, 1986), which predicts ingroup evaluative and allocation biases, (2) Ng's (1981) Fate Control/Equity Paradigm, which predicts that ingroup bias in allocations occurs in relationships of mutual but not unilateral fate control, and (3) Social Value Theory (e.g. McClintock, 1972), which predicts that intergroup evaluations and allocation behaviours will vary as a function of the social value orientations of subjects. Evaluations were consistent with expectations from Social Identity Theory. Subjects, in general, evaluated ingroup members more favourably than the outgroup members. Allocations, however, were generally consistent with expectations from Social Value Theory, with prosocial subjects preferring fair to biased allocations, competitive subjects biased to fair ones. Neither allocation behaviour nor intergroup evaluations varied significantly as a function of the fate control relationship.
Group status, group size and attitude polarization
Authors: Van Knippenberg Daan , De Vries Nanne , Van Knippenberg Ad 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe influence of group status and group size on intergroup attitude differentiation was investigated. Hypothesized was that members of high status groups would polarize their attitudes more than members of low status group, and that minorities would show greater sensitivity to status differences than majorities. The results show that status affected intergroup differentiation as predicted, while group size did not.
A longitudinal study of equity and satisfaction in intimate relationships
Authors: Van Yperen Nico W. , Buunk Bram P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis longitudinal study was aimed at illuminating some fundamental problems with respect to the application of equity theory in intimate relationships. First the relationship between perceived equity and satisfaction was tested, and next it was ascertained whether inequity produces dissatisfaction or vice versa. A second issue addressed in the present study was whether global assessments of equity represent some type of calculation made by the subject of all the relevant inputs and outcomes. Finally, the elements subjects take into consideration when they respond to a global equity measure was assessed. These issues were examined in a sample of 736 primarily married subjects, including 259 couples who had been married for varying lengths of time. The results provide some evidence that equity has an effect upon satisfaction and not vice versa. The assumption that global assessments are based upon a weighted summing up of a representative set of inputs and outcomes was not supported. Instead, it was found that the global measure particularly reflects exchange elements such as ‘commitment to the relationship’, ‘sociability’ and ‘attentiveness’.
The social value of risk‐taking
Authors: Dahlbäck Olof 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, the following hypothesis concerning the social value of risk‐taking is advanced: young men who wish to assert themselves and to gain prestige tend to take greater risks in public when together with other young men than do young men who do not have these wishes, whereas there is no such difference in risk‐taking in private. This hypothesis is empirically tested and is supported.
Evaluation of iron loss influence on speed estimation in sensorless MRAC‐based field‐oriented induction machines
Authors: Levi E. , Wang M. , Williams D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRotor speed estimation in sensorless field‐oriented control of induction machines is usually performed on the basis of a mathematical model of an induction machine. An estimate of speed is obtained utilising one of the control techniques and its accuracy is affected by parameter variations. When the iron loss is neglected in the mathematical model, inaccuracy in speed estimation results due to iron loss existence in the machine. This paper evaluates the impact of iron loss on speed estimation for common model reference adaptive control (MRAC) schemes, based on rotor flux, back e.m.f and reactive power. It is shown that the existence of iron loss leads to a typical speed estimation error of 2 min−1 to 3 min−1, which is comparable with errors caused by other detuning effects. A modified sensorless MRAC‐based scheme, that is applicable to both rotor flux and back e.m.f. methods, is then proposed. It is verified that the novel scheme enables good compensation of iron loss, yielding a very small speed estimation error of less than 0.5 min−1.
New sequential AC‐DC load‐flow approach utilizing optimization techniques
Authors: Arifoglu U. , Tarkan N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method for solving the sequential load‐flow problem of a general multiterminal DC network in an integrated AC‐DC system. The proposed method utilizes optimization technique both to prevent the violation of variables constraints and to minimize the real power losses and hourly fuel cost of AC‐DC systems. This paper is also the first study in literature using steepest descent algorithm (SDA) for AC‐DC optimal load flow. Instead of SDA, any optimization technique can be used with the proposed AC‐DC load‐flow algorithm.
Transient response of low‐voltage varistors
Authors: Tang H. , Scuka V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLow‐voltage metal‐oxide varistors are used today in an increasing extent to protect sensitive electronic equipment, electrical apparatus and electric installations from overvoltages. This paper describes the behaviour of low‐voltage varistors exposed to different overvoltages. The observed overshoot voltage across a varistor is explained by the inductance of the connecting leads when a nanosecond rise time transient current is applied through the varistor. When a varistor conducts current, especially if the current has both a short rise time and a high amplitude, the dynamic process takes over the static non‐linear voltage‐current characteristics of the varistor and determines the voltage and current wave shapes. This dynamic process of metal‐oxide varistors is analysed. An example for detecting a deteriorated varistor by analysing the appearance time of the voltage peak and the current peak of the wave shapes is also given in this paper.
Method for detection and location of very high resistive earth faults
Authors: Hänninen S. , Lehtonen M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new method is presented for the detection and location of high resistive, permanent single‐phase earth faults in medium‐voltage (MV) distribution networks (20 kV). The systems considered are with unearthed or a compensated neutral and the fault resistances covered are in the range of 5 kΩ … 160 kΩ. The algorithms of the new method are based on the change of the neutral voltage and zero‐sequence currents, measured at the MV substation and also at the distribution line locations.
Load modelling in static voltage stability indices calculation
Authors: Prada R. B. , Dos Santos J. O. R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper is concerned with load modelling for static voltage stability indices calculation. Static voltage stability is closely related to the maximum active and reactive power flow a network can transmit to load or from generator. A two‐bus system is used to show that the assessment index may or may not indicate the maximum depending on the load model. A real system is used to show that results may be different, even leading to opposite assessment conclusions. It is concluded that load model is to be excluded in the calculation of static indices for voltage stability. It is pointed out that static load models are to be included in the (static) power‐flow problem. In the same sense, dynamic load models are also to be included in (dynamic) voltage stability studies.
The axon guidance molecule Netrin‐4 is expressed by Müller cells and contributes to angiogenesis in the retina
Authors: Lange Johannes , Yafai Yousef , Noack André , Yang Xiu Mei , Munk Anne‐Britta , Krohn Sandra , Iandiev Ianors , Wiedemann Peter , Reichenbach Andreas , Eichler Wolfram 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRetinal glial (Müller) cells are involved in a wide range of developmental mechanisms, including axon guidance and angiogenesis. This study was undertaken to explore whether Netrin‐4, an axonal guidance molecule, is expressed by Müller cells and promotes angiogenesis‐related activities. Netrin‐4 was found through all retinal layers, and its expression was demonstrated in Müller cells, retinal pigment epithelium cells and bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRECs). Co‐localization of Netrin‐4 with Müller cell‐specific molecules [cellular retinaldehyde‐binding protein (cRALBP), vimentin] was observed in the ganglion cell layer, nerve fiber layer, and at the outer limiting membrane. Under hypoxic conditions, the release of Netrin‐4 from Müller cells was increased, with mRNA levels upregulated in a hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1‐dependent manner and dependent on the concomitantly induced release of vascular endothelial growth factor. These findings were consistent with an intensified immunofluorescence of Netrin‐4 labeling in the postischemic retinas after ischemia‐reperfusion. Netrin‐4 stimulated BRECs to increase phosphorylation of the mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐1/‐2, and p38, in a dose‐dependent manner. Synthetic inhibitors of the MAP kinases were able to suppress Netrin‐4‐induced migration and proliferation of BRECs suggesting that both MAP kinases are differentially involved in Netrin‐4‐induced angiogenesis. Two receptors for Netrins, i.e., deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and uncoordinated‐5‐homolog 1 (Unc5H1), were detected in BRECs. DCC is at least partially required for Netrin‐4‐induced activation of ERK‐1/‐2. These data suggest that Müller glial cells contribute to, and may modulate, retinal Netrin‐4 levels. This may be a novel pathway of Müller cell‐mediated control of retinal angiogenesis, particularly under hypoxic/ischemic conditions when the cells upregulate Netrin‐4 expression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.