bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homochiral and Heterochiral Self‐Sorting Assemblies of Antiaromatic Ni(II) Norcorrole Dimers
Authors: Liu Si‐Yu , Li Sha , Ukai Shusaku , Nozawa Ryo , Fukui Norihito , Sugimori Ryota , Kishi Ryohei , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, π–π stacked antiaromatic π‐systems have received considerable attention because they can exhibit stacked‐ring aromaticity due to substantial intermolecular orbital interactions. Here, we report three antiaromatic norcorrole dimers that self‐assemble to form supramolecular architectures through chiral self‐sorting. A 2,2’‐linked norcorrole dimer with 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl groups forms a π‐stacked dimer both in solid and solution states via homochiral self‐sorting. Its association constant in solution is (3.6±1.7)×105 M−1 at 20 °C. In the solid state, 3,3’‐linked norcorrole dimers with 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl and phenyl groups afford macrocyclic and helical supramolecular assemblies via heterochiral and homochiral self‐sorting, respectively. Notably, the subtle modification in the substituent resulted in a complete change in the structure of the aggregates and the chiral self‐sorting mode. The present findings demonstrate that structural manipulation in antiaromatic monomer units leads to the formation of various supramolecular assemblies on the basis of the attractive interactions between antiaromatic π‐systems.
Unravelling the Mechanism of CO2 Activation: Insights Into Metal‐Metal Cooperativity and Spin‐Orbit Coupling with {3d–4f} Catalysts
Authors: Dua Purva , Sen Asmita , Rajaraman Gopalan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConverting CO2 into useful chemicals using metal catalysts is a significant challenge in chemistry. Among the various catalysts reported, transition metal lanthanide hybrid {3d–4f} complexes stand out for their superior efficiency and site selectivity. However, unlike transition metal catalysts, understanding the origin of this efficiency in lanthanides poses a challenge due to their orbital degeneracy, rendering the application of DFT methods ineffective. In this study, we employed a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio CASSCF/RASSI‐SO calculations to explore the mechanism of CO2 conversion to cyclic carbonate using a 3d–4f heterometallic catalyst for the first time. This work unveils the importance of 3d and 4f metal cooperativity and the role of individual spin‐orbit states in dictating the overall efficiency of the catalyst.
Improved Access to Potent Anticancer Tubulysins and Linker‐Functionalized Payloads Via an All‐On‐Resin Strategy
Authors: Ricardo Manuel G. , Llanes Dayma , Rennert Robert , Jänicke Paul , Rivera Daniel G. , Wessjohann Ludger A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTubulysins are among the most recent antimitotic compounds to enter into antibody/peptide‐drug conjugate (ADC/PDC) development. Thus far, the design of the most promising tubulysin payloads relied on simplifying their structures, e. g., by using small tertiary amide N‐substituents (Me, Et, Pr) on the tubuvaline residue. Cumbersome solution‐phase approaches are typically used for both syntheses and functionalization with cleavable linkers. p‐Aminobenzyl quaternary ammonium (PABQ) linkers were a remarkable advancement for targeted delivery, but the procedures to incorporate them into tubulysins are only of moderate efficiency. Here we describe a novel all‐on‐resin strategy permitting a loss‐free resin linkage and an improved access to super potent tubulysin analogs showing close resemblance to the natural compounds. For the first time, a protocol enables the integration of on‐resin tubulysin derivatization with, e. g., a maleimido‐Val‐Cit‐PABQ linker, which is a notable progress for the payload‐PABQ‐linker technology. The strategy also allows tubulysin diversification of the internal amide N‐substituent, thus enabling to screen a tubulysin library for the discovery of new potent analogs. This work provides ADC/PDC developers with new tools for both rapid access to new derivatives and easier linker‐attachment and functionalization.
Acute treatment of migraine in children aged 6−11: Real‐world analysis of remote electrical neuromodulation (REN)
Authors: Werner Klaus , Gerson Trevor , Stark‐Inbar Alit , Shmuely Sharon , Ironi Alon , Szperka Christina L. , Hershey Andrew D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesMigraine is a prevalent neurological disorder severely impacting children and adolescents, yet only one pharmacological treatment is approved for ages 6−12 years. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) is a nonpharmacological, prescribed, wearable device cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for acute and/or preventive treatment of migraine with or without aura in patients 12 years and older. This study evaluates REN's safety and efficacy in ages 6−11 years.MethodsProspective acute treatment of migraine data were collected through the REN device (Nerivio) smartphone application. Endpoints were device safety (primary); consistent treatment efficacy (headache pain, functional disability, associated migraine symptoms), and REN‐medication combinations 2 h post‐treatment.ResultsChildren (n = 293), median age 11 years (interquartile range = 9−11), 73.7% girls, conducted 5493 REN treatments. No adverse events were reported. Efficacy in at least 50% of REN treatments was calculated from all patients who voluntarily reported pain levels, symptoms, and/or disability at treatment onset and at 2 h post‐treatment, with 72.2% (13/18) of patients reporting pain relief, 36.0% (9/25) pain freedom, 83.3% (15/18) functional disability relief, and 38.9% (7/18) functional disability freedom. Migraine‐associated symptoms disappeared in at least 50% of REN treatments in 70.0% (7/10) of patients for nausea/vomiting, 50.0% (4/8) phonophobia, and 22.2% (2/9) photophobia; 63.6% (7/11) reported freedom from at least one associated symptom. REN was used as a standalone treatment, with over‐the‐counter medications, and with prescribed headache medications in 45.4%, 34.4%, and 20.9% of treatments, respectively.InterpretationREN may serve as a safe and efficacious acute treatment of migraine for children. Providers and families seeking a safe, effective, pill‐ and needle‐free treatment option for children suffering from migraine may consider REN.
Self‐Compassion and Self‐Forgiveness in Alcohol Risk, Treatment and Recovery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Berg Sophia J. , Zaso Michelle J. , Biehler Kaitlyn M. , Read Jennifer P. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSelf‐compassion and self‐forgiveness are two self‐focused, positive coping approaches that may reduce risk of problem drinking and/or aid in treatment/recovery from alcohol use disorder. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate support for the unique and complementary roles of self‐compassion and self‐forgiveness in alcohol outcomes.MethodsA systematic literature search yielded 18 studies examining self‐compassion, 18 studies examining self‐forgiveness and 1 study examining both constructs in alcohol outcomes.ResultsFindings suggest greater self‐compassion and self‐forgiveness relate to lower likelihood of problem drinking. Self‐forgiveness was considerably more researched in treatment/recovery outcomes than self‐compassion; self‐forgiveness‐based interventions appear able to improve drinking‐adjacent outcomes, and self‐forgiveness may increase across various alcohol treatments. Finally, research suggests that associations of self‐compassion and/or self‐forgiveness with alcohol outcomes could be driven by numerous factors, including coping‐motivated drinking, depression, psychache, social support perceptions, mental health status and/or psychiatric distress.ConclusionsSelf‐compassion and self‐forgiveness both appear protective against harmful alcohol outcomes. Nevertheless, many questions remain about the role of self‐forgiveness and, particularly, self‐compassion in alcohol treatment and recovery outcomes. Future research should examine whether targeted interventions and/or adjunctive therapeutic supports designed to increase self‐compassion or self‐forgiveness can reduce alcohol use disorder symptoms to facilitate alcohol treatment and recovery success.
Interventions Targeting Negative Mental Imagery in Social Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Thunnissen Marjolein R. , de Jong Peter J. , Rijkeboer Marleen M. , Voncken Marisol J. , Nauta Maaike H. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTPsychological treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been found to be less effective than for other anxiety disorders. Targeting the vivid and distressing negative mental images typically experienced by individuals with social anxiety could possibly enhance treatment effectiveness. To provide both clinicians and researchers with an overview of current applications, this systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the possibilities and effects of imagery‐based interventions that explicitly target negative images in (sub)clinical social anxiety. Based on a prespecified literature search, we included 21 studies, of which 12 studies included individuals with a clinical diagnosis of SAD. Imagery interventions (k = 28 intervention groups; only in adults) generally lasted one or two sessions and mostly used imagery rescripting with negative memories. Others used eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and imagery exposure with diverse intrusive images. Noncontrolled effects on social anxiety, imagery distress and imagery vividness were mostly large or medium. Meta‐analyses with studies with control groups resulted in significant medium controlled effects on social anxiety (d = −0.50, k = 10) and imagery distress (d = −0.64, k = 8) and a nonsignificant effect on imagery vividness. Significant controlled effects were most evident in individuals with clinically diagnosed versus subclinical social anxiety. Overall, findings suggest promising effects of sessions targeting negative mental images. Limitations of the included studies and the analyses need to be considered. Future research should examine the addition to current SAD treatments and determine the relevance of specific imagery interventions. Studies involving children and adolescents are warranted.
Rictor/mTORC2 signalling contributes to renal vascular endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and renal allograft interstitial fibrosis by regulating BNIP3‐mediated mitophagy
Authors: Feng Dengyuan , Gui Zeping , Xu Zhen , Zhang Jianjian , Ni Bin , Wang Zijie , Liu Jiawen , Fei Shuang , Chen Hao , Sun Li , Gu Min , Tan Ruoyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundRenal allograft interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) constitutes the principal histopathological characteristic of chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) in kidney‐transplanted patients. While renal vascular endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been verified as an important contributing factor to IF/TA in CAD patients, its underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Through single‐cell transcriptomic analysis, we identified Rictor as a potential pivotal mediator for EndMT. This investigation sought to elucidate the role of Rictor/mTORC2 signalling in the pathogenesis of renal allograft interstitial fibrosis and the associated mechanisms.MethodsThe influence of the Rictor/mTOR2 pathway on renal vascular EndMT and renal allograft fibrosis was investigated by cell experiments and Rictor depletion in renal allogeneic transplantation mice models. Subsequently, a series of assays were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of the enhanced mitophagy and the ameliorated EndMT resulting from Rictor knockout.ResultsOur findings revealed a significant activation of the Rictor/mTORC2 signalling in CAD patients and allogeneic kidney transplanted mice. The suppression of Rictor/mTORC2 signalling alleviated TNFα‐induced EndMT in HUVECs. Moreover, Rictor knockout in endothelial cells remarkably ameliorated renal vascular EndMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis in allogeneic kidney transplanted mice. Mechanistically, Rictor knockout resulted in an augmented BNIP3‐mediated mitophagy in endothelial cells. Furthermore, Rictor/mTORC2 facilitated the MARCH5‐mediated degradation of BNIP3 at the K130 site through K48‐linked ubiquitination, thereby regulating mitophagy activity. Subsequent experiments also demonstrated that BNIP3 knockdown nearly reversed the enhanced mitophagy and mitigated EndMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis induced by Rictor knockout.ConclusionsConsequently, our study underscores Rictor/mTORC2 signalling as a critical mediator of renal vascular EndMT and allograft interstitial fibrosis progression, exerting its impact through regulating BNIP3‐mediated mitophagy. This insight unveils a potential therapeutic target for mitigating renal allograft interstitial fibrosis.
Riparian woody plant communities in the Romanian Carpathians: Species diversity and community structure of Salix and Hippophaë communities
Authors: Bita‐Nicolae Claudia , Florescu Larisa I. , Purice Dorina , Kaya Ozkan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRiparian woody plant communities, including shrubs and trees, are essential for maintaining biodiversity, protecting against floods, reducing erosion, and transporting nutrients. However, these habitats are greatly threatened by human activities, particularly agricultural land acquisition, and the introduction of invasive species. This study examined species diversity and interspecific association in riparian woody plant communities along rivers in the Romanian Carpathians. The study focused on communities of Salix purpurea, S. alba, and Hippophaë rhamnoides in mountain regions, with varying sampling efforts at different sites for each species. A total of 174 plant species were found, predominantly herbaceous (77.9%), followed by trees (11.6%) and shrubs (10.5%). While S. alba and S. purpurea communities show high species richness and abundance, S. alba has slightly higher diversity (H′ ≈ 2.23, SD = 0.28) than S. purpurea (H′ ≈ 1.69, SD = 0.42). Contrarily, significant differences exist between H. rhamnoides and S. alba communities in species richness (p = .007) and Shannon diversity (p = .004). PCA analysis elaborated on distinct distribution patterns of plant associations within habitats S. purpurea community, H. rhamnoides community, and S. alba community. Four invasive species (Oenothera biennis L. and Oxalis stricta L. in S. alba communities, Reynoutria sachalinensis Nakai in both S. purpurea and H. rhamnoides communities, and Erigeron canadensis L. in H. rhamnoides communities) were identified, as requiring conservation efforts. Hemicryptophytes dominate species richness, while microphanerophytes and megaphanerophytes significantly contribute to plant abundance. H. rhamnoides formed Hippophaë rhamnoides dunes (2160) Natura 2000 habitat, while S. alba created galleries within the 92A0 Salix alba and Populus alba habitat. In conclusion, the findings from this study highlight the importance of preserving riparian habitats because their value goes beyond local or regional considerations and extends to the global scale due to their unique characteristics.
Influences of ski‐runs, meadow management and climate on the occupancy of reptiles and amphibians in a high‐altitude environment of Italy
Authors: Chiacchio Michele , Rödder Dennis , Henle Klaus , Grimm‐Seyfarth Annegret 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlpine ecosystems harbour a rich and highly specialised biodiversity, which is particularly susceptible to anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat loss and fragmentation as well as to climate change. Combined with other forms of land‐use conversion, construction and maintenance of ski resorts can have severe consequences on alpine biodiversity. In this study, we show how one amphibian and two reptile species, namely Rana temporaria, Zootoca vivipara and Vipera berus, respond to such impacts by means of a multi‐season occupancy analysis. We found all three species both in and outside ski‐runs, showing that these habitats do not necessarily preclude their occurrence. Contrarily, this is influenced more by microhabitat availability, such as ground vegetation, humid areas and rock cover, rather than by macro‐characteristics like elevation or habitat type. Moreover, we found a climatic influence on the year‐to‐year occupancy change of the species, with activity‐month conditions being more relevant than overwintering ones. Our results demonstrate how, in the specific case of reptiles and amphibians, ski resorts do not necessarily limit species' occurrence and that a mild series of management actions might secure the species' persistence in the area.
A comparison of the sampling effectiveness of acoustic recorder, camera trap and point count methods in sampling nocturnal birds in Afrotropical landscapes
Authors: Joel Yitmwa Hope , Iniunam Iniunam Aniefiok , Dami Danjuma Filibus , Ottosson Ulf , Chaskda Adams Adamanyiwa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConservation decisions for bird diversity in the Afrotropics are often based on ecological studies utilizing diurnal bird species likely owing to difficulties associated with sampling nocturnal birds. It is therefore important to compare the sampling effectiveness of some of the available techniques that can be used in nocturnal bird surveys to guide future long‐term survey efforts. Thus, we compared the sampling effectiveness of point count, acoustic recorder and camera trap for estimating nocturnal bird species richness and also across habitat types. We surveyed 20 points that were spaced at least 500 m apart in November and December 2021 in the Amurum Forest Reserve and its surroundings in Jos‐Nigeria. At each point, we used two camera traps, one at the ground and the other at 2.0 m. We also used one acoustic recorder as well as a 15‐min point count during each survey at each point. We encountered 11 nocturnal bird species, primarily nightjars but also owls. While we did not encounter any species with the camera traps, all 11 species were recorded using the acoustic recorder. All species except for Ketupa lacteaus were recorded in point count. Eight species were recorded in the gallery, seven in rocky and nine in savannah. Species richness and estimation using the acoustic recorder and point count were similar across habitat types. We conclude that either point count or acoustic recorders are useful for nocturnal bird surveys in Afrotropical environments. However, the choice of methods should be based on the research questions as some questions may be better answered by a specific method or even a combination of both.
Long‐term data reveal that grazer density mediates climatic stress in salt marshes
Authors: Smith Carter S. , Zhang Y. Stacy , Hensel Marc J. S. , Pennings Steven C. , Silliman Brian R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how climate and local stressors interact is paramount for predicting future ecosystem structure. The effects of multiple stressors are often examined in small‐scale and short‐term field experiments, limiting understanding of the spatial and temporal generality of the findings. Using a 22‐year observational dataset of plant and grazer abundance in a southeastern US salt marsh, we analyzed how changes in drought and grazer density combined to affect plant biomass. We found: (1) increased drought severity and higher snail density both correlated with lower plant biomass; (2) drought and snail effects interacted additively; and, (3) snail effects had a threshold, with additive top‐down effects only occurring when snails were present at high densities. These results suggest that the emergence of multiple stressor effects can be density dependent, and they validate short‐term experimental evidence that consumers can augment environmental stress. These findings have important implications for predicting future ecosystem structure and managing natural ecosystems.
First Detection of Thiamethoxam in a Free-Ranging Insectivorous Bird After its Agricultural Use Ban in Spain
Authors: Klaas-Fábregas Marina , Gómez-Ramírez Pilar , Fernández-Gómez Lola , Alfonso i Prieto Jesus , Garrido Isabel , Cava Juana , Martínez-Escudero Carmen M. , Fenoll Jose , Pérez-García Juan M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Neonicotinoids are insecticides used worldwide in phytosanitary and biocidal products and veterinary pharmaceuticals. Recently, some restrictions and bans have been imposed due to their adverse effects on nontarget invertebrates, including pollinators. Although they may have direct and indirect effects on wild vertebrates, few studies have assessed exposure to these compounds in wild birds, so our knowledge remains limited. In the present pilot study we have assessed the prevalence of seven neonicotinoid insecticides and some of their metabolites in whole blood samples from 19 European roller (Coracias garrulus) nestlings and five adult common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) in an area treated with neonicotinoids to control the palm weevil (Rynchophorus ferrugineus) in southeastern Spain. One European roller nestling born in a palm tree was positive for thiamethoxam, with a concentration of 2.26 ng mL−1, but no residues of neonicotinoids or their metabolites were found in adult common kestrels. Future studies are needed to elucidate potential exposure to neonicotinoids at different times of the year. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of thiamethoxam residues in whole blood of a wild bird species after its ban in Spain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1836–1843. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Diabetic nephropathy: Ayur‐nutri‐pharmaco approach
Authors: Khan Kounaina , Padyana Subrahmanya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrameha, described in Ayurveda, shares similarities with non‐communicable lifestyle disorder Diabetes Mellitus. It is associated with an array of complications, referred to as “Upadrava” which can manifest in various organ systems. Among the complications, diabetic nephropathy (DN) stands out as a critical concern due to its impact on kidney health. Ayurveda views the body as an interplay of Doshas, and diabetes‐related nephropathy is understood through the lens of “Prameha upadrava” which involves an imbalance of Doshas affecting kidney function. Ayurvedic treatment emphasizes personalized dietary adjustments, herbal remedies, lifestyle modifications, and mind‐body practices, wherein the Modern therapeutic approaches include receptor mediated targeting, stem cell therapies, and dietary management. The current review aims for better insights, amalgamating the ailments and divergence between Ayurvedic and pharmacological perspectives on pathophysiology and management of DN. A dedicated effort has been initiated to identify the specific edible botanical elements mentioned as Pramehaghna in the Ayurvedic compendium, Bhavaprakash nighantu. A comprehensive evaluation of botanical entities was performed for a deeper understanding of their enumerated properties. The data pave newer avenues toward multidimensional‐holistic approach to address the intricate complexities of DN leading to integrated approaches in Ayurveda, nutrition and pharmacology leading to better health and hygiene.