bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple effects of weather on common waxbill group foraging and social behavior
Authors: Beltrão Patrícia , Gomes Ana Cristina R , Saldanha Beatriz C , Lima Fernando P , Cardoso Gonçalo C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The weather poses challenges for wildlife. Environmental challenges can be responded to at the group level by social animals, but the influence of weather on group behavior is poorly understood. We investigated how weather affects behavior in a gregarious species by monitoring common waxbills (Estrilda astrild) in a large mesocosm during 5 yr. We found seasonal patterns in collective foraging, aggressiveness, and the structure of the social network, usually showing 2 cycles per year: one peaking in Spring and a smaller one peaking in late Summer. Controlling for seasonality, we found behavioral changes related to increased energy demands in colder and/or cloudier days, such as more frequent and larger foraging groups that resulted in less-structured social networks. Rain and wind disturb movement, and we found that, on rainy days, foraging group journeys became briefer and more synchronous, resulting in stronger associations between individuals and less-structured networks, and that on windy days foraging groups were less frequent, larger, and with more within-group aggression. The results show that the weather has more varied effects than anticipated on ecologically relevant group behavior. We discuss how such weather-related effects can improve predictions of how social animals will react to environmental changes.
The Relationship between Work and Family Interference and Service Quality among Chinese Social Workers: The Roles of Emotional Exhaustion and Work Support
Authors: Xin Zhaoyang , Zhang Jingyue , Liu Zhifa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Service quality is important to social workers and service recipients. However, limited research has explored the relationship between interference between work and family and service quality among social workers. According to conservation of resources theory, this study investigated how interference between work and family affects social workers’ service quality through emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of work support. The hypotheses were examined using data from 1,417 Chinese social workers collected during the China Social Work Longitudinal Study in 2019. The methodological design of this study includes hierarchical regression analysis and moderated mediation analysis. The results reveal that interference between work and family domains negatively affected service quality through emotional exhaustion as a mediating factor, whereas work support mitigated the direct (indirect) effects of work–family interference on emotional exhaustion (service quality through emotional exhaustion). This study presents a holistic understanding of how and when interference between family and work influences service quality. The findings encourage social work organisations to develop appropriate interventions targeting work–family conflict and emotional exhaustion to improve service quality.
Serial platelet count as a dynamic prediction marker of hospital mortality among septic patients
Authors: Ye Qian , Wang Xuan , Xu Xiaoshuang , Chen Jiajin , Christiani David C , Chen Feng , Zhang Ruyang , Wei Yongyue 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Platelets play a critical role in hemostasis and inflammatory diseases. Low platelet count and activity have been reported to be associated with unfavorable prognosis. This study aims to explore the relationship between dynamics in platelet count and in-hospital morality among septic patients and to provide real-time updates on mortality risk to achieve dynamic prediction.

Methods
We conducted a multi-cohort, retrospective, observational study that encompasses data on septic patients in the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The joint latent class model (JLCM) was utilized to identify heterogenous platelet count trajectories over time among septic patients. We assessed the association between different trajectory patterns and 28-day in-hospital mortality using a piecewise Cox hazard model within each trajectory. We evaluated the performance of our dynamic prediction model through area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, concordance index (C-index), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity calculated at predefined time points.

Results
Four subgroups of platelet count trajectories were identified that correspond to distinct in-hospital mortality risk. Including platelet count did not significantly enhance prediction accuracy at early stages (day 1 C-indexDynamic vs C-indexWeibull: 0.713 vs 0.714). However, our model showed superior performance to the static survival model over time (day 14 C-indexDynamic vs C-indexWeibull: 0.644 vs 0.617).

Conclusions
For septic patients in an intensive care unit, the rapid decline in platelet counts is a critical prognostic factor, and serial platelet measures are associated with prognosis.
The brain can develop conflicting multisensory principles to guide behavior
Authors: Smyre Scott A , Bean Naomi L , Stein Barry E , Rowland Benjamin A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Midbrain multisensory neurons undergo a significant postnatal transition in how they process cross-modal (e.g. visual–auditory) signals. In early stages, signals derived from common events are processed competitively; however, at later stages they are processed cooperatively such that their salience is enhanced. This transition reflects adaptation to cross-modal configurations that are consistently experienced and become informative about which correspond to common events. Tested here was the assumption that overt behaviors follow a similar maturation. Cats were reared in omnidirectional sound thereby compromising the experience needed for this developmental process. Animals were then repeatedly exposed to different configurations of visual and auditory stimuli (e.g. spatiotemporally congruent or spatially disparate) that varied on each side of space and their behavior was assessed using a detection/localization task. Animals showed enhanced performance to stimuli consistent with the experience provided: congruent stimuli elicited enhanced behaviors where spatially congruent cross-modal experience was provided, and spatially disparate stimuli elicited enhanced behaviors where spatially disparate cross-modal experience was provided. Cross-modal configurations not consistent with experience did not enhance responses. The presumptive benefit of such flexibility in the multisensory developmental process is to sensitize neural circuits (and the behaviors they control) to the features of the environment in which they will function. These experiments reveal that these processes have a high degree of flexibility, such that two (conflicting) multisensory principles can be implemented by cross-modal experience on opposite sides of space even within the same animal.
Ultra-early navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for perioperative stroke: anatomo-functional report
Authors: Lavrador José Pedro , Rajwani Kapil , Patel Sabina , Kalaitzoglou Dimitrios , Soumpasis Christos , Gullan Richard , Ashkan Keyoumars , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Dell’Acqua Flavio , Vergani Francesco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Navigated repetitive transmagnetic stimulation is a non-invasive and safe brain activity modulation technique. When combined with the classical rehabilitation process in stroke patients it has the potential to enhance the overall neurologic recovery. We present a case of a peri-operative stroke, treated with ultra-early low frequency navigated repetitive transmagnetic stimulation over the contralesional hemisphere. The patient received low frequency navigated repetitive transmagnetic stimulation within 12 hours of stroke onset for seven consecutive days and a significant improvement in his right sided weakness was noticed and he was discharge with normal power. This was accompanied by an increase in the number of positive responses evoked by navigated repetitive transmagnetic stimulation and a decrease of the resting motor thresholds at a cortical level. Subcortically, a decrease in the radial, axial, and mean diffusivity were recorded in the ipsilateral corticospinal tract and an increase in fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity was observed in the interhemispheric fibers of the corpus callosum responsible for the interhemispheric connectivity between motor areas. Our case demonstrates clearly that ultra-early low frequency navigated repetitive transmagnetic stimulation applied to the contralateral motor cortex can lead to significant clinical motor improvement in patients with subcortical stroke.
The use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock: a narrative review
Authors: Gédéon Tara , Zolotarova Tetiana , Eisenberg Mark J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardiogenic shock (CS) develops in up to 10% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and carries a 50% risk of mortality. Despite the paucity of evidence regarding its benefits, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly used in clinical practice in patients with AMI in CS (AMI-CS). This review aims to provide an in-depth description of the four available randomized controlled trials to date designed to evaluate the benefit of VA-ECMO in patients with AMI-CS.

Methods and results
The literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov to identify the four relevant randomized control trials from years of inception to October 2023. Despite differences in patient selection, nuances in trial conduction, and variability in trial endpoints, all four trials (ECLS-SHOCK I, ECMO-CS, EUROSHOCK, and ECLS-SHOCK) failed to demonstrate a mortality benefit with the use of VA-ECMO in AMI-CS, with high rates of device-related complications. However, the outcome of these trials is nuanced by the limitations of each study that include small sample sizes, challenging patient selection, and high cross-over rates to the intervention group, and lack of use of left ventricular unloading strategies.

Conclusion
The presented literature of VA-ECMO in CS does not support its routine use in clinical practice. We have yet to identify which subset of patients would benefit most from this intervention. This review emphasizes the need for designing adequately powered trials to properly assess the role of VA-ECMO in AMI-CS, in order to build evidence for best practices.
Emotional Transformations and Activist Communities: Harnessing Emotion in German Anti-Racist and Anti-Fascist Political Essays
Authors: Calvert Katherine E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article examines how authors of political essays harness emotion to promote activist causes. Drawing examples from the German anthologies Eure Heimat ist unser Albtraum (2019), Sisters and Souls (2015) and Sisters and Souls 2 (2021), I argue that political essays depict processes of emotional transformation that allow individuals to overcome inertia arising from fear or despair. I show that an important aim of anti-racist, anti-fascist and feminist activism is to model emotional freedom, understood as the possibility safely to experience and express any range of emotions including those perceived as ‘negative’. My discussion builds on sociological research on activist burnout and cultural theories about the relationships between emotions and politics. I contend that activist communities that are imagined as sites of emotional freedom also demand a degree of emotional alignment. If not carefully managed, such alignment can reproduce the harmful regulation of feelings that anti-racist and anti-fascist movements seek to overcome.
Modeling Length Changes in De Novo Open Reading Frames during Neutral Evolution
Authors: Lebherz Marie Kristin , Iyengar Bharat Ravi , Bornberg-Bauer Erich 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For protein coding genes to emerge de novo from a non-genic DNA, the DNA sequence must gain an open reading frame (ORF) and the ability to be transcribed. The newborn de novo gene can further evolve to accumulate changes in its sequence. Consequently, it can also elongate or shrink with time. Existing literature shows that older de novo genes have longer ORF, but it is not clear if they elongated with time or remained of the same length since their inception. To address this question we developed a mathematical model of ORF elongation as a Markov-jump process, and show that ORFs tend to keep their length in short evolutionary timescales. We also show that if change occurs it is likely to be a truncation. Our genomics and transcriptomics data analyses of seven Drosophila melanogaster populations are also in agreement with the model’s prediction. We conclude that selection could facilitate ORF length extension that may explain why longer ORFs were observed in old de novo genes in studies analysing longer evolutionary time scales. Alternatively, shorter ORFs may be purged because they may be less likely to yield functional proteins.
Inversion of marine magnetotelluric and controlled source electromagnetic data with site gap and low signal-to-noise ratio
Authors: Jiang Feng , Yang Dikun , Sun Zhen , Li Fucheng 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
Marine magnetotelluric (MT) and controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods have been routinely applied to survey the crustal and upper mantle electrical resistivity structures beneath the sea floor. In practice, there are inevitably site gaps and contamination by noises in the collected data because of lost ocean bottom electromagnetic receivers, unusable data, and difficulties in deploying instruments near deep trenches. So far, it remains unclear to what degree those factors will lower the resolution and the credibility of marine MT and CSEM inversion models. In this paper, we investigate the individual and combined effects of site gaps and data noises on the inversion models through synthetic analyses based on a simple block resistivity model and a realistic resistivity structure derived from the Mariana Trench. The results suggest that data with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio can reasonably recover the subseafloor structures in the area of data gap. The transverse electric mode and tipper data from the MT method are much more sensitive to the structure near the site gap. The joint inversion of MT and CSEM data would improve the model's resolution at the site gap area. The inversion of data with a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, for example, 10 per cent, can recover the structures with few artefacts if there is no site gap. But if the site gap and noisy data are combined, even a joint inversion cannot correctly recover the burial depths and geometries of the anomalous bodies beneath the site gap where vertical strips are likely present. To improve the model's resolution and suppress inversion artefacts, we propose constraining part of the model with as much a prior information as possible. Specifically, for a survey in the subduction zone, we could reduce the penalties on the model's smoothness at the upper and low interfaces of the resistive subduction slab, or even fix the resistivity of the resistive slab with the help of other information, if any. The inversion models shown in this paper provide valuable references for the site design before marine MT and CSEM surveys as well as for interpreting real data inversion models that may be subject to the same biases introduced by the site gap and noise.
Fertility clinics have a duty of care towards patients who do not have children with treatment
Authors: Gameiro S , Leone D , Mertes H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In medically assisted reproduction (MAR) success has mostly been measured in terms of achieving (healthy) livebirths. We argue this focus is too narrow and that success should be measured in terms of alleviating patient suffering caused by an unfulfilled child wish. The major implication is that clinics must better tailored care to effectively support patients who do not have child(ren) with treatment. First, we argue that clinics have a duty of care towards patients for whom MAR does not result in children because this is a common treatment outcome, because treatment is burdensome and creates new losses for patients, and because the field has the necessary expertise to provide support and it is part of patient-centred care. Then, we examine concerns about the adequacy of addressing the possibility that treatment may end without children, namely, that this may hinder patients’ hope and put them off doing treatment, and that it may be perceived as a sign of clinical incompetence, as well as concerns about the required skill set. We end with a set of research-informed recommendations to promote healthy adjustment to ending fertility treatment without children. These focus on the need to reconceptualize ‘success’ and ‘failure’ in MAR, to promote open discussion about the possibility of treatment not resulting in children and encourage patients to develop ‘plan(s) B’, to support patients who end treatment without children, and to create the organizational structures needed to support clinics and healthcare professionals in this endeavour.
Two Cycle Class Maps on Torsion Cycles
Authors: Alexandrou Theodosis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We compare two cycle class maps on torsion cycles and show that they agree up to a minus sign. The first one goes back to Bloch [6], with recent generalizations to non-closed fields. The second is the étale motivic cycle class map $\alpha ^{i}_{X}\colon \operatorname{CH}^{i}(X)_{{\mathbb{Z}}_{\ell }}\to H^{2i}_{L}(X,{\mathbb{Z}}_{\ell }(i))$ restricted to torsion cycles.
Supersulphides suppress type-I and type-II interferon responses by blocking JAK/STAT signalling in macrophages
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Toyomoto Touya , Zhang Tianli , Guo Chunyu , Lindahl Stephen , Tsutsuki Hiroyasu , Xian Ming , Sawa Tomohiro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines produced and secreted by immune cells when viruses, tumour cells, and so forth, invade the body. Their biological effects are diverse, including antiviral, cell growth-inhibiting, and antitumour effects. The main subclasses of IFNs include type-I (e.g. IFN-α and IFN-β) and type-II (IFN-γ), which activate intracellular signals by binding to type-I and type-II IFN receptors, respectively. We have previously shown that when macrophages are treated with supersulphide donors, which have polysulphide structures in which three or more sulphur atoms are linked within the molecules, IFN-β-induced cellular responses, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, were strongly suppressed. However, the subfamily specificity of the suppression of IFN signals by supersulphides and the mechanism of this suppression are unknown. This study demonstrated that supersulphide donor N-acetyl-L-cysteine tetrasulphide (NAC-S2) can inhibit IFN signalling in macrophages stimulated not only with IFN-α/β but also with IFN-γ. Our data suggest that NAC-S2 blocks phosphorylation of Janus kinases (JAKs), thereby contributing to the inhibition of phosphorylation of STAT1. Under the current experimental conditions, the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) donor NaHS failed to inhibit IFN signalling. Similar to NAC-S2, the carbohydrate-based supersulphide donor thioglucose tetrasulphide (TGS4) was capable of strongly inhibiting tumour necrosis factor-α production, iNOS expression, and nitric oxide production from macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which supersulphide donors exhibit their inhibitory actions towards JAK/STAT signalling is a necessary basis for the development of supersulphide-based therapeutic strategy against autoimmune disorders with dysregulated IFN signalling.
A publishing infrastructure for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted academic authoring
Authors: Pividori Milton , Greene Casey S 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate the use of advanced natural language processing models to streamline the time-consuming process of writing and revising scholarly manuscripts.Materials and MethodsFor this purpose, we integrate large language models into the Manubot publishing ecosystem to suggest revisions for scholarly texts. Our AI-based revision workflow employs a prompt generator that incorporates manuscript metadata into templates, generating section-specific instructions for the language model. The model then generates revised versions of each paragraph for human authors to review. We evaluated this methodology through 5 case studies of existing manuscripts, including the revision of this manuscript.ResultsOur results indicate that these models, despite some limitations, can grasp complex academic concepts and enhance text quality. All changes to the manuscript are tracked using a version control system, ensuring transparency in distinguishing between human- and machine-generated text.ConclusionsGiven the significant time researchers invest in crafting prose, incorporating large language models into the scholarly writing process can significantly improve the type of knowledge work performed by academics. Our approach also enables scholars to concentrate on critical aspects of their work, such as the novelty of their ideas, while automating tedious tasks like adhering to specific writing styles. Although the use of AI-assisted tools in scientific authoring is controversial, our approach, which focuses on revising human-written text and provides change-tracking transparency, can mitigate concerns regarding AI’s role in scientific writing.
Structuring medication signeturs as a language regression task: comparison of zero- and few-shot GPT with fine-tuned models
Authors: Garcia-Agundez Augusto , Kay Julia L , Li Jing , Gianfrancesco Milena , Rai Baljeet , Hu Angela , Schmajuk Gabriela , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Importance
Electronic health record textual sources such as medication signeturs (sigs) contain valuable information that is not always available in structured form. Commonly processed through manual annotation, this repetitive and time-consuming task could be fully automated using large language models (LLMs). While most sigs include simple instructions, some include complex patterns.

Objectives
We aimed to compare the performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 with smaller fine-tuned models (ClinicalBERT, BlueBERT) in extracting the average daily dose of 2 immunomodulating medications with frequent complex sigs: hydroxychloroquine, and prednisone.

Methods
Using manually annotated sigs as the gold standard, we compared the performance of these models in 702 hydroxychloroquine and 22 104 prednisone prescriptions.

Results
GPT-4 vastly outperformed all other models for this task at any level of in-context learning. With 100 in-context examples, the model correctly annotates 94% of hydroxychloroquine and 95% of prednisone sigs to within 1 significant digit. Error analysis conducted by 2 additional manual annotators on annotator-model disagreements suggests that the vast majority of disagreements are model errors. Many model errors relate to ambiguous sigs on which there was also frequent annotator disagreement.

Discussion
Paired with minimal manual annotation, GPT-4 achieved excellent performance for language regression of complex medication sigs and vastly outperforms GPT-3.5, ClinicalBERT, and BlueBERT. However, the number of in-context examples needed to reach maximum performance was similar to GPT-3.5.

Conclusion
LLMs show great potential to rapidly extract structured data from sigs in no-code fashion for clinical and research applications.