bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of communication in collaborative information searching
Authors: Reddy Madhu C. , Jansen Bernard J. , Krishnappa Rashmi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCollaboration plays an important role in the information seeking and retrieval activities within a team setting. In this research, we examined the impact of collaborative design features in two information retrieval tools that explicitly support collaboration. We designed the two collaborative information searching prototype, MUSE (Multi‐User Search Engine) and MUST (Multi‐User Search and Talk) and evaluated both systems. Results indicate that the communication (i.e., chat) function played an important role in enhancing the information seeking process by establishing common ground among group members. We also identified unexpected challenges that arose as the prototypes were used during these activities. These challenges were both technical and social in nature. We discuss implications for system design and directions for future research.
I‐LEARN: A model for learning in the information age
Authors: Neuman Delia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOne of the most important cognitive aspects of interactions with information is the act of learning itself. To be efficient and effective learners in the information age, individuals must be able to engage successfully with a wide variety of information types and formats. Living in a world in which information flows freely and defies the boundaries of traditional disciplines and subject areas, young learners in particular must develop strategies for engaging with ideas that transcend the curriculum and its usual topics and structures. The I‐LEARN Model—Identify, Locate, Evaluate, Apply, Reflect, kNow—both describes the process of learning with information and provides a learning sequence that is teachable and possibly predictive of learners' information behavior. It is grounded in research and theory from information science, instructional systems design, and learning science and based on the author's own research and writing over more than a decade. A theoretical model that awaits validation, I‐LEARN builds on the well‐known tripartite information literacy paradigm—accessing, evaluating, and using information—to operationalize an inquiry approach to learning.
Disparities in public libraries' service levels based on neighborhood income and urbanization levels : A nationwide study
Authors: Joanna SIN Sei‐Ching 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInformation inequity is a central concern in this information age, and many recognize the public library as a key player in bridging such inequity. Using the Public Libraries Survey and Census data at the census tract level, this study examines more than 9,000 public library systems across the United States. It evaluates disparities existing in public library systems' service levels, and the extent to which these variations are associated with neighborhood socio‐economic characteristics, such as income and urbanization levels. Descriptive statistics and Gini coefficients indicate significant variations across library systems. Results of the multiple regression analyses show that library systems in lower‐income or rural neighborhoods offer a lower level of service per capita compared to their counterparts in higher income or urban neighborhoods. Systems in lower‐income or rural neighborhoods tend to have shorter hours, less staff and programs, and smaller collection size In light of these prevalent disparities in service levels, the study suggests a need to fundamentally evaluate the current library funding mechanisms. It also suggests that public library and information behavior studies should include information environment variables to further investigate how individuals' information decisions might be affected by this structural information inequity.
Toward responsive visualization services for scatter/gather browsing
Authors: Ke Weimao , Mostafa Javed , Liu Yong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAs a type of relevance feedback, Scatter/Gather demonstrates an interactive approach to relevance mapping and reinforcement. The Scatter/Gather model, proposed by Cutting, Karger, Pedersen, and Tukey (1992), is well known for its effectiveness in situations where it is difficult to precisely specify a query. However, online clustering on a large data corpus is computationally complex and extremely time consuming. This has prohibited the method's real world application for responsive services. In this paper, we proposed and evaluated a new clustering algorithm called LAIR2, which has linear worst‐case time complexity and constant running time average for Scatter/Gather browsing. Our experiment showed when running on a single processor, the LAIR2 online clustering algorithm is several hundred times faster than a classic parallel algorithm running on multiple processors. The efficiency of the LAIR2 algorithm promises real‐time Scatter/Gather browsing services. We have implemented an online visualization prototype, namely, LAIR2 Scatter/Gather browser, to demonstrate its utility and usability.
Formation process and preservation of a natural electronic archive
Authors: Esteva Maria 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a case of formation process study and preservation of the digital archive of a private organization. The archive was created in the late 1980's and maintained until 2005. The study was prompted by the archive's creators concerns about the resources involved, and the need to preserve their electronic records and systems vis‐à‐vis the presence of the signed and sealed paper documents. The approach used to study the digital archive was to consider it akin to an archaeological site. A formation process study of the archive's components was conducted using interview methods; primary and secondary sources; and metadata extraction, file viewers, and file transformation software. The study revealed information about the technical and social contexts involved in the archives' formation, and how its creators used it and valued it over time. The results informed the design of a preservation strategy aimed at maintaining the archives' integrity and authenticity and continuing documentation of its evolution. The attributes characterizing the archive led to the development of the concept of natural electronic archive.
Integrating the group within models of information processes
Authors: Toms Elaine G. , Toze Sandra , Kelley Elizabeth 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhile information processes in general have been systematically examined with respect to the individual, the same cannot be said for groups. This conceptual paper starts from existing models that represent the individual, and examines how research on group intertwines with the information world to identify an emerging framework for the study of groups from an information‐centric perspective.
It's all relative: Usage of relative temporal expressions in triage notes
Authors: Sullivan Tessa , Irvine Ann , Haas Stephanie W 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAt the beginning of a patient's visit to the Emergency Department (ED), a record is created containing the Chief Complaint and the Triage Note. The Triage Note attempts to capture the events and circumstances leading up to the decision to visit the ED. Events in the triage note are often not recorded in the order in which they occurred but rather in the order in which they are reported. In addition, patients typically do not use absolute terms to describe the timing of these events. Instead, they rely on relative phrases such as yesterday and this morning. Using a temporal information extraction system, we examine the variation in frequency of these relative temporal expressions over time of day. We then suggest interpretation rules for translating this ‘natural time’ used by people to the ‘logical time’ necessary for the automatic placement of the associated events in the proper sequence on a timeline. The research described here serves as a building block to support the automated creation of timelines with the goal of aiding clinicians and others in visualizing the patterns of events which led to the patient's visit to the Emergency Department.
Do human‐developed index terms help users? An experimental study of MeSH terms in biomedical searching
Authors: Liu Ying‐Hsang , Wacholder Nina 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTo what extent do MeSH terms improve search effectiveness of different kinds of users? We observed four different kinds of information seekers using an experimental information retrieval system: (1) search novices; (2) domain experts; (3) search experts and (4) medical librarians. The information needs were a subset of the relatively difficult topics originally created for the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC). Effectiveness of retrieval was based on the relevance judgments provided by TREC. Participants searched either using a version of the system in which MeSH terms were displayed or another version in which they had to formulate their own terms. The results suggest that MeSH terms are more helpful in terms of precision for domain experts than for search experts. We speculate that this is because of the highly technical nature of the topics; only the domain experts had the knowledge to understand and therefore make use of the MeSH terms. The results advance our understanding of the usefulness of controlled vocabulary in interactive information retrieval systems.
Supporting participation in communities of practice by scientists from developing countries — The case of high energy physics
Authors: Luo Airong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOver the last decade, researchers have hypothesized that a new form of scientific organization, the “collaboratory” holds promise to greatly benefit scientists from developing countries by allowing them to reach remotely located experts, instruments, and databases. However, there have been no empirical studies to prove or disprove this hypothesis. Adopting a qualitative approach, this study examines how collaboratories affect one of the factors that purportedly lead to scientific productivity—communities of practice. Results of data analysis indicate that collaboratories bring about new opportunities for scientists from developing countries to access scientists from developed countries and their practices, but barriers also exist. The full value of collaboratories can be achieved only after the technologies themselves and the social practices surrounding the use of technologies are improved.
Author bibliographic coupling: Another approach to citation‐based author knowledge network analysis
Authors: Zhao Dangzhi , Strotmann Andreas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhile bibliographic coupling (BC) as a measure of relatedness between documents was proposed a full decade before co‐citation, interest in applying BC to mapping the intellectual structure of research areas has only recently resurged, perhaps because it allows researchers to circumvent problems of the so far dominant co‐citation analysis. Especially for mapping the intellectual structure of a research field as represented by its authors, author co‐citation analysis (ACA) has frequently been applied over the last two decades, but no author BC analysis has so far been attempted. In this paper, we define author BC and conduct an author BC analysis of the Information Science field using the same dataset as that used in our previous ACA study, which covers Information Science during 1996‐2005. We find that these two citation‐based author knowledge network analysis methods complement each other, with one providing a more realistic picture of the state of research within the IS field and the other revealing the structure of both internal and external influences on the IS research. In combination, the two methods provide a more comprehensive view of the intellectual structure of the IS field than either of them alone.
Improving information access to digital botanical collection by allowing users to search with domain knowledge
Authors: Tang Xiaoya , Heidorn P. Bryan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the field of biological science, correct field identification of species is of critical importance and requires effective access to and use of specialized biological information. Field guides, floras and faunas, and other publications are written to provide critical information for identification. However, full‐text retrieval systems are ineffective at providing access to the very specific information needed for species identification. In this study, dichotomous key‐like information that is often used in species identification is automatically generated from botanical documents and used to enhance full‐text botanical document retrieval. Such information is used to describe document content and is also used to provide a form‐based search that allows users to apply their domain knowledge to define various plant characteristics in their queries. Information extraction techniques were used to generate the key‐like information from semi‐structured botanical documents. Experimental results indicate that this approach improved search performance as well as user's satisfaction.
Computer supported workflow for cataloging and management in digital libraries
Authors: Ke Weimao , Mostafa Javed , S. Athreya Gayathri 
Published: June 2009

AbstractService integration is important in digital library implementation. In this paper, we present a project called Extensible Networked Association‐based Bioinformatics Learning Environment, or ENABLE. It computerizes a cataloging workflow by integrating backend services and facilitates interleaving between automatic cataloging & human curation activities. To the user end, it provides various interaction means that support bioinformatics learning. Features of the current implementation include automatic bioinformatics resource harvesting, basic information retrieval operations, resource cataloging and management, visualization and learning tools.
Web CLIR: An exploratory study of Google's new tool
Authors: Moukdad Haidar 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis poster reports on experiments conducted using Google Cross‐language information retrieval (CLIR) capabilities to explore the performance of the engine using English queries to retrieve Arabic documents. A hundred one‐term English queries, using information retrieval (IR) terms, were entered in Google, and the top 10 documents retrieved by each query were saved in a local database. The saved documents were analyzed to determine the success of Google in retrieving the correct documents (documents that fit the translated terms) and to explore causes of search failures. The poster presents the results of the analyses conducted on the documents and identifies areas of improvement. It also recommends solutions to problems that hinder successful English‐Arabic CLIR on the Web.
Anatomy of context: A framework analysis for archival knowledge organization
Authors: Abreu Amelia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study compares production of archival descriptions with production of bibliographic records and use of user tagging systems. Archivists' descriptions indicate the subject matter of the collection in a similar manner as bibliographic records, but also indicate the collection's provenance, attribute significance to the materials, and give the history of the collection in the archive and outside it. Furthermore, I look at the structure of archival description in comparison to subject cataloging and user tagging. Adapting Tennis' 2006 framework, I look at Work Processes, Discourse, Structural Components and Descriptive Structures associated with these practices. By analyzing archival description under a common measure with concurrent descriptive practice, this work will fill a knowledge gap that will assist linking data by subject, describing materials on the web, integrating archival measures in future descriptive schemes.
Visualizing multi‐agent collaboration for classification of information
Authors: Ke Weimao , Mostafa Javed 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAgent‐based simulation is a popular technology for studying social and information systems. Information visualization in such simulations is potentially useful for communicating real time information but involves several levels of challenges. It remains unclear what patterns of agent activities are useful for visualization. To motivate and investigate potentially useful patterns for visualization, we identified four factors: 1) Agent Involvement; 2) Dominant Player; 3) Learning and Adaptation; and 4) Influence of Task and Content Stream. To demonstrate the usefulness of the factors, we operationalized them to permit analysis and visualization in the context of a problem involving coordination among agents conducting document classification.
Modeling cultural acquisition in online social networks
Authors: Stutzman Frederic , Kramer‐Duffield Jacob 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis research proposes to study the relationship between audience, context and disclosure in online social network sites. Studying a population of college students, the researchers will use a survey to explore how social maturity, perceived friend network size, and long‐term goals affect the identity presented in online social networks. This goal of this analysis is to document a process of identity formation in online social networks. In the model, individuals choose strategies of identity presentation based on notions of in‐group awareness, future‐selves and social context. This model will be tested with survey methods.
Peer review and secrecy in the “Information Age”
Authors: Weicher Maureen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe subject of peer review has come under increased scrutiny partially due to high profile cases of fraud and other misinformation appearing in academic journals. At the same time, new publishing technologies have made it possible to experiment with new forms of peer review, while the “Open Archives Initiative” has the potential to allow authors to bypass the traditional peer review process entirely. In this paper, I examine some rationales given for the need for secrecy in peer review, especially as it relates to the perceived need for anonymity on the part of reviewers and sometimes even authors. I will propose a basic framework for secrecy and transparency as it relates to the peer review process of academic journals.
Collaboration networks in a public service model: Dimensions of effectiveness in theory and in practice
Authors: Schultz‐Jones Barbara , Cheung Nancy 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present both researcher and practitioner responses to the results of a 2007 research study originally designed to apply social network theory to the Neighborhood Integrated Service Teams (NIST). The municipal government for the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada designed and implemented the model in 1995 to strengthen community partnerships by connecting city services to the neighborhoods. They defined program effectiveness in terms of reduced citizen problems, with more than a 60% decrease of complaints to City Council by citizens since inception.Social network analysis mapped the relationships of network members and social network theory was applied to the results. Sociograms represent the interactions across and within the networks. The results and analysis demonstrated the pattern of information flows and the behavior of collaboration across the networks. These results were presented to the full NIST membership, NIST coordinator and City Manager for feedback.The research results demonstrate that collaboration network effectiveness extends beyond the realization of one organizational goal, encompassing contextual benefits unrecognized without an examination of the information environment. The combination of researcher and practitioner perspectives provides a more complete view of the information environments within collaboration networks and informs a broader consideration of network effectiveness dimensions.
Message and messenger: The carrier effect on judgments of credibility
Authors: Aumer‐Ryan Paul , Aumer‐Ryan Katherine 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhen examining the ways in which individuals evaluate the credibility of information sources, it is easy to assume that these judgments are based solely on the quality of the information being presented. The study described here questions this assumption by establishing a link between the quality of the interface (rather than the content) and perceived credibility. Essentially, interface design and the “form” of information (the messenger) can negatively impact the perceived quality of the “content” of information (the message). This study tests the hypothesis that individuals searching a poorly designed digital library will perceive the contents of the collection as less authoritative and credible than a digital library with a superior interface. This focus on interface design illuminates one of the methods by which individuals evaluate new or poorly understood information: by examining the quality of its distribution mechanism. Generally speaking, this research is an indication of how individuals are prone to the carrier effect, allowing features of the messenger (the interface) to affect the perception of the message (the digital library content).
Gene's worlds: Comparing Eugene Garfield's co‐citation and tri‐citation image PFNets over time
Authors: McCain Katherine W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe structure of Eugene Garfield's Citation Image over two time periods (1978–87 and 19982007) is explored using both “standard” Author Co‐citation Analysis and Tri‐citation Analysis‐ co‐citation with Garfield included as a third cited author. A comparison of PFNets for each decade and mapping approach shows that tri‐citation can bring out more specific and context‐relevant author relationships than co‐citation that is based on all articles citing any pair of Citation Image authors.
Advancing social science research by applying computational linguistics
Authors: Cheng An‐Shou , Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Wang Ping , Oard Douglas W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses the growing trend of applying computational thinking and linguistic approaches to social science research, arguing that computational linguistics is a useful but underutilized approach that may potentially be able to make significantly contributions to research in a wide range of social science domains. The paper begins with an introduction to computational thinking and argues that this approach can be applied not only in the sciences but also in the social sciences. Next, the paper discusses the linguistic turn in the social sciences and provides an overview of research on manual content analysis. The following sections describe how automatic content analysis evolved from manual content analysis, and describe how a computational approach can support content analysis. The paper then describes principles and techniques for applying automatic content analysis. Next, the paper gives examples of domains where automatic content analysis is already being applied and domains where it could be applied in the future. Finally, the paper calls attention to the need for additional work in this area.