bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case of acquired hemophilia with factor VIII inhibitor in a mother and newborn
Authors: Kotani Yasushi , Shiota Mitsuru , Umemoto Masahiko , Koike Eiji , Tsuritani Mitsuhiro , Hoshiai Hiroshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report a mother and newborn in the puerperium with hemorrhage secondary to factor VIII inhibitor. A 31‐year‐old gravida 1 para 1 delivered at a local clinic with a massive postpartum hemorrhage. The activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged and factor VIII inhibitor was detected. The persistent hemorrhage improved following treatment, including transfusion, steroid therapy, and bypass therapy with factor VII formulations. After hysteroscopic removal of the retained placenta, the hemorrhage decreased. The newborn developed significant swelling of the hands after routine blood sampling and factor VIII inhibitor was detected. The inhibitor disappeared without any special treatment in the 5th month postpartum in the mother and the 4th month postpartum in the newborn. Factor VIII inhibitor may be transferred via the placenta from the mother to the fetus. Therefore, the newborn should also be carefully observed in a case of massive hemorrhage after delivery.
Pivalic acid acts as a starter unit in a fatty acid and antibiotic biosynthetic pathway in Alicyclobacillus, Rhodococcus and Streptomyces
Authors: Řezanka Tomáš , Siristova Lucie , Schreiberová Olga , Řezanka Michal , Masák Jan , Melzoch Karel , Sigler Karel 
Published: March 2011

SummaryA biosynthetic pathway using pivalic acid as a starter unit was found in three bacterial species, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Rhodococcus erythropolis and Streptomyces avermitilis. When deuterium‐labelled pivalic acid was added to A. acidoterrestris and R. erythropolis nutrient media it was incorporated into fatty acids to give rise to tert‐butyl fatty acids (t‐FAs). In addition, in R. erythropolis, pivalic acid was transformed into two starter units, i.e. isobutyric and 2‐methylbutyric acid, which served as precursors of corresponding iso‐even FAs and anteiso‐FAs. In S. avermitilis the biosynthesis also yielded all three branched FAs; apart from this pathway, both pivalic and 2‐methylbutyric acids were incorporated into the antibiotic avermectin.
Hydrothermal ecotones and streamer biofilm communities in the Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Meyer‐Dombard D'Arcy R , Swingley Wesley , Raymond Jason , Havig Jeff , Shock Everett L , Summons Roger E 
Published: April 2011

SummaryIn Yellowstone National Park, a small percentage of thermal features support streamer biofilm communities (SBCs), but their growth criteria are poorly understood. This study investigates biofilms in two SBC hosting, and two non‐SBC springs. Sequencing of 16S rRNA clones indicates changing community structure as a function of downstream geochemistry, with many novel representatives particularly among the Crenarchaeota. While some taxonomic groups show little genetic variation, others show specialization by sample location. The transition fringe environment between the hotter chemosynthetic and cooler photosynthetic zones hosts a larger diversity of organisms in SBC bearing springs. This transition is proposed to represent an ecotone; this is the first description of an ecotone in a hydrothermal environment. The Aquificales are ubiquitous and dominate among the Bacteria in the hottest environments. However, there is no difference in species of Aquificales from SBC and non‐SBC locations, suggesting they are not responsible for the formation of SBCs, or that their role in SBC formation is competitively suppressed in non‐SBC sites. In addition, only SBC locations support Thermotogales‐like organisms, highlighting the potential importance these organisms may have in SBC formation. Here, we present a novel view of SBC formation and variability in hydrothermal ecosystems.
The modification of predicative bare nouns in French: a functional analysis1
Authors: Lauwers Peter 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper offers a corpus‐based study of the (restricted) modification patterns of predicatively used bare nouns in French (e.g. Je suis bon catholique‘I am a good Catholic’). These are ‘truly’ bare in that they do not rely on a covert determiner. The aim of the paper is to determine which modification patterns are allowed and to provide a semantic‐functional explanation. Further, on the basis of this study, some conclusions can be drawn both about the categorial status of the bare predicative noun and about the internal architecture of type specification, the innermost functional layer within the NP. More specifically, the study of bare nouns leads to the identification of several lower‐level slots that are independent of the instantiation of a particular nominal entity in conceptual space. These are to be distinguished from higher‐level modifiers. To end, some additional syntactic contexts are provided in which bare nouns occur. These display identical restrictions with respect to modification, but differ in the array of lexical heads they allow for.
Proto‐Anatolian as a mora‐based language1
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt is not easy by any means to obtain prosodic information from documents written in ancient languages because it is not usually recorded therein. But the techniques of philology and linguistics sometimes enable us to derive prosodic evidence from written data. The two lenition rules in Proto‐Anatolian, which were considered to have operated either after an accented long vowel or between two short vowels, have been unified by Adiego into a single rule in moraic terms: lenition occurred after an unaccented mora. Furthermore, Hittite mediopassive present verbs of the nasal‐infix class, which cannot be adequately accounted for on the supposition that the basic units which carried accents in Proto‐Anatolian were syllables, come to receive a well‐motivated (both morphologically and typologically) and straightforward historical explanation from a moraic point of view. These two independent pieces of evidence inevitably lead us to argue that Proto‐Anatolian was a mora‐based language.
Importance of the multidrug and toxin extrusion MATE/SLC47A family to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics/toxicodynamics and pharmacogenomics
Authors: Yonezawa Atsushi , Inui Ken‐ichi 
Published: April 2011

The renal organic cation transport system mediates the tubular secretion of cationic compounds including drugs, toxins and endogenous metabolites into urine. It consists of a membrane potential‐dependent organic cation transporter at the basolateral membrane and an H+/organic cation antiporter at the brush‐border membrane. In 2005, human multidrug and toxin extrusion MATE1/SLC47A1 was identified as a mammalian homologue of bacterial NorM. Thereafter, human MATE2‐K/SLC47A2 and rodent MATE were found. Functional characterization revealed that MATE1 and MATE2‐K were H+/organic cation antiporter, mediating the renal tubular secretion of cationic drugs in cooperation with the basolateral organic cation transporter OCT2. Recently, substrate specificity, transcription mechanisms, structure, polymorphisms, in vivo contributions and clinical outcomes on MATE have been investigated intensively. In this review, we summarize recent findings on MATE1/SLC47A1 and MATE2‐K/SLC47A2 and discuss the importance of these transporters to the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics/toxicodynamics and pharmacogenomics of cationic drugs.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Transporters. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.164.issue‐7
Expression and gene polymorphisms of interleukin 28B and hepatitis B virus infection in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Li Wanyu , Jiang Yanfang , Jin Qinglong , Shi Xiaodong , Jin Jinglan , Gao Yanhang , Pan Yu , Zhang Hong , Jiang Jing , Niu Junqi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground: Recent genome‐wide association studies found that genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene is strongly associated with sustained viral response and spontaneous viral clearance in chronically infected hepatitis C patients.Aims: We aimed to evaluate the effects of IL28B variations on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a Chinese Han population and to explore the association between IL28B polymorphisms and susceptibility to infection, viral clearance, disease progression, viral load and liver inflammation.Methods: We determined three IL28B single gene polymorphisms (rs12979860, rs12980275 and rs8099917) in 203 individuals with chronic HBV infection, 203 individuals with self‐limited HBV infection and 203 individuals negative for all HBV seromarkers. Interleukin (IL)28B serum levels were evaluated in all subjects. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 42 chronically HBV‐infected individuals were subjected to whole‐genome expression studies.Results: The association among genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of IL28B with alanine aminotransferase levels and HBV DNA was established. However, no significant differences were observed in genotype or allele frequencies among chronically HBV‐infected, self‐limited and healthy subjects. The serum IL28B level was lower in patients with chronic HBV infection than in the self‐limited HBV‐infected or healthy subjects. The serum IL28B level was correlated with the subject's genotype. Gene expression micro‐array analysis showed enhanced IL28B expression in patients with low HBV viral load.Conclusions: Variability at the IL28B locus is associated with HBV viral load and hepatic inflammation. Genetic variation of IL28B may prevent HBV progression by reducing viral load and liver inflammation, providing a valuable gene therapy tool.
Computer‐Assisted Numerical Analysis for Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Mass Transfer in Blood Oxygenators
Authors: Turri Fabio , Yanagihara Jurandir Itizo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA two‐dimensional numeric simulator is developed to predict the nonlinear, convective‐reactive, oxygen mass exchange in a cross‐flow hollow fiber blood oxygenator. The numeric simulator also calculates the carbon dioxide mass exchange, as hemoglobin affinity to oxygen is affected by the local pH value, which depends mostly on the local carbon dioxide content in blood. Blood pH calculation inside the oxygenator is made by the simultaneous solution of an equation that takes into account the blood buffering capacity and the classical Henderson–Hasselbach equation. The modeling of the mass transfer conductance in the blood comprises a global factor, which is a function of the Reynolds number, and a local factor, which takes into account the amount of oxygen reacted to hemoglobin. The simulator is calibrated against experimental data for an in‐line fiber bundle. The results are: (i) the calibration process allows the precise determination of the mass transfer conductance for both oxygen and carbon dioxide; (ii) very alkaline pH values occur in the blood path at the gas inlet side of the fiber bundle; (iii) the parametric analysis of the effect of the blood base excess (BE) shows that is similar in the case of blood metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, or normal BE, for a similar blood inlet , although the condition of metabolic alkalosis is the worst case, as the pH in the vicinity of the gas inlet is the most alkaline; (iv) the parametric analysis of the effect of the gas flow to blood flow ratio (QG/QB) shows that variation with the gas flow is almost linear up to QG/QB = 2.0. is not affected by the gas flow as it was observed that by increasing the gas flow up to eight times, the grows only 1%. The mass exchange of carbon dioxide uses the full length of the hollow‐fiber only if QG/QB > 2.0, as it was observed that only in this condition does the local variation of pH and blood comprise the whole fiber bundle.
Removal of Cellular‐Type Hemoglobin‐Based Oxygen Carrier (Hemoglobin‐Vesicles) From Blood Using Centrifugation and Ultrafiltration
Authors: Sakai Hiromi , Sou Keitaro , Horinouchi Hirohisa , Tsuchida Eishun , Kobayashi Koichi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe hemoglobin‐vesicle (HbV) is an artificial oxygen carrier encapsulating a concentrated hemoglobin solution in a phospholipid vesicle (liposome). During or after transporting oxygen, macrophages capture HbVs in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) with an approximate circulation half‐life of 3 days. Animal studies show transient splenohepatomegaly after large doses, but HbVs were completely degraded, and the components were excreted in a few weeks. If a blood substitute is used for emergency use until red blood cell transfusion becomes available or for temporary use such as a priming fluid for an extracorporeal circuit, then one option would be to remove HbVs from the circulating blood without waiting a few weeks for removal by the RES. Using a mixture of beagle dog whole blood and HbV, we tested the separation of HbV using a centrifugal Fresenius cell separator and an ultrafiltration system. The cell separator system separated the layers of blood cell components from the HbV‐containing plasma layer by centrifugal force, and then the HbV was removed from plasma phase by the ultrafiltration system. The HbVs (250–280 nm) are larger than plasma proteins (<22 nm diameter) but smaller than blood cell components (>3 µm). The size of HbVs is advantageous to be separated from the original blood components, and the separated blood components can be returned to circulation.
Randomized Controlled Study of Telcagepant Plus Ibuprofen or Acetaminophen in Migraine
Authors: Hewitt David J. , Martin Vincent , Lipton Richard B. , Brandes Jan , Ceesay Paulette , Gottwald Regina , Schaefer Eleanor , Lines Christopher , Ho Tony W. 
Published: April 2011

(Headache 2011;51:533‐543)Objective.— To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of telcagepant when co‐administered with ibuprofen or acetaminophen for the acute treatment of migraine.Background.— Telcagepant is an oral calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonist which is being evaluated for the acute treatment of migraine. Combining telcagepant with analgesics that have a different mechanism of action could produce greater efficacy.Methods.— Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Patients were randomized to treat a moderate or severe migraine headache with either telcagepant 280 mg + ibuprofen 400 mg (N = 171), telcagepant 280 mg + acetaminophen 1000 mg (N = 171), telcagepant 280 mg (N = 170), or placebo (N = 171). The primary efficacy endpoint was 2‐hour pain freedom. The study had approximately 88% power to detect an additive effect of at least 15 percentage points (telcagepant combination vs telcagepant monotherapy) and 48% power to detect an additive effect of at least 10 percentage points. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse events and laboratory tests.Results.— The percentages of patients with 2‐hour pain freedom were greater in each active treatment group compared to placebo (P < .001): telcagepant + ibuprofen = 35.2%, telcagepant + acetaminophen = 38.3%, telcagepant = 31.2%, placebo = 10.9%. No significant differences were seen for either of the combination groups vs telcagepant monotherapy, but both were numerically larger than telcagepant monotherapy. All the active treatments were generally well tolerated. The percentage of patients reporting any adverse event within 48 hours was higher in the active treatment groups than placebo: telcagepant + ibuprofen = 30.3%, telcagepant + acetaminophen = 31.6%, telcagepant = 24.8%, placebo = 18.2%. The most common adverse events reported by ≥4 patients in one or more of the treatment groups that included telcagepant were fatigue, nausea, dizziness, somnolence, dry mouth, and tremor.Conclusions.— The combination of telcagepant 280 mg with either ibuprofen 400 mg or acetaminophen 1000 mg did not show a statistically significant difference from telcagepant alone. Numerically greater treatment effects in the combination treatment groups over the telcagepant 280 mg monotherapy suggest that telcagepant combination treatments may merit further evaluation in studies powered to detect smaller additive benefits. (Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00758836).
Preventive Medication Adherence in African American and Caucasian Headache Patients
Authors: Heckman Bernadette D. , Ellis Gary 
Published: April 2011

(Headache 2011;51:520‐532)Study Objectives.— To examine race‐related differences in adherence to preventive medication agents in headache patients and identify factors predictive of medication adherence in Caucasian and African American headache patients.Methods.— Using a longitudinal naturalistic study design, data from 77 Caucasian and 32 African American headache patients were collected through (1) 30‐day daily diaries that assessed medication adherence, headache frequency, and headache episode severity; (2) self‐administered surveys that assessed headache management self‐efficacy; and (3) telephone‐administered psychiatric interviews that yielded psychiatric diagnoses. Using daily diary adherence data, patients' adherence to preventive agents was dichotomized as “Inconsistent” (ie, adhered fewer than 80% of days) or “Consistent” (ie, adhered ≥80% of days during the past month).Results.— The proportion of adherent African American patients (69%) did not differ significantly from the proportion of adherent Caucasian patients (82%). Exploratory univariate logistic regression analyses found that preventive medication adherence levels of 80% or less were associated with being diagnosed with major depressive disorder and lower levels of headache management self‐efficacy.Conclusions.— Future research should test if interventions that reduce depressive symptoms and increase patients' levels of headache management self‐efficacy can produce concomitant increases in adherence to preventive headache agents.
An Instrument to Assess Patient Perceptions of Satisfaction With Acute Migraine Treatment (EXPERT Study)
Authors: Lantéri‐Minet Michel , Massiou Hélène , Romatet Sophie , Barba Adeline , Lucas Christian , Allaf Bashar 
Published: April 2011

(Headache 2011;51:590‐601)Objective.— The objective of the nationwide EXPERT survey carried out in France in 2005 was to compare satisfaction with treatment with treatment effectiveness in migraine patients consulting general practitioners (GPs) for migraine, and to establish an instrument to easily evaluate the adequacy of acute treatment of migraine.Background.— Many migraine patients feel satisfied with their current acute treatment of migraine whereas objective evaluation reveals poor treatment effectiveness.Methods.— A total of 2108 GPs included 11,274 migraine patients. Satisfaction with treatment was evaluated using a 4‐point verbal scale and a 10‐cm visual analog scale (VAS). Treatment effectiveness was assessed by the 4‐item questionnaire designed by the French Medico‐Economic Evaluation Service (ANAES) and the French Society for the Study of Migraine Headache (SFEMC).Results.— In total, 5224 patients (49.8%) stated that they were satisfied with their treatment. Mean VAS score was 5.1. Only 17% of patients (1789/10,539) gave positive responses at the 4 questions of the ANAES/SFEMC questionnaire. VAS score was high for patients satisfied with their treatment and with good treatment effectiveness. Two VAS thresholds were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves that allowed easy identification, with high sensitivity and specificity, of patients satisfied/dissatisfied with their current treatment and with good/poor treatment effectiveness. Based on EXPERT data, this instrument showed that only 16% of patients using triptans (597/3719) were dissatisfied and reported poor treatment effectiveness, whereas treatment was inadequate for 63% of those using aspirin or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (1882/2992), 74% of those using paracetamol or other analgesics (2229/2998), and 53% of those using ergotamine (253/474).Conclusions.— The new instrument should allow easy identification in general practice of the patients receiving an effective or ineffective acute treatment of migraine and thus facilitate the implementation of treatment guidelines for migraine.
Topiramate vs Divalproex Sodium in the Preventive Treatment of Migraine: A Prospective “Real‐World” Study
Authors: Krymchantowski Abouch V. , Jevoux Carla C. 
Published: April 2011

(Headache 2011;51:554‐558)Background and objectives.— Certain neuromodulators, most notably topiramate (TPM) and divalproex sodium (DVP), are effective preventive agents for migraine. Published data from head‐to‐head studies comparing TPM and DVP are not available. The purpose of this study was to compare TPM and DVP for the prophyaxis of migraine in a “real‐world” setting.Methods.— At 2 centers and over a period of 12 months we prospectively evaluated and treated a consecutive series of migraine patients. At baseline all were experiencing less than 15 headache days/month, and we treated all patients requiring prophylactic therapy with either TPM or DVP. We evaluated adherence, headache frequency (HF) and tolerability after 3 months of treatment. TPM treatment was initiated at 25 mg daily and increased every 10 days (25 mg) to a target of 150 mg/day (2 divided doses/day). Treatment with DVP was initiated at 250 mg daily and sequentially titrated up to 500 mg twice daily. All patients were naïve to the use of TPM and DVP.Results.— One hundred and twenty patients (104 women and 16 men of ages 18 to 68, mean 41.2 years) were included. Topiramate selectively was prescribed to 69 patients and DVP selectively to 51. Baseline HF for both groups was similar (8 ± 4 headache days/month). By intention to treat analysis at 3 months, 40 (58%) of patients initially treated with TPM and 26 (51%) of those initially treated with DVP experienced a reduction in HF of >50% (P = NS). Ten patients (14.5%) initially treated with TPM and 8 (15.7%) initially treated with DVP did not return for follow up or were begun on alternative prophylactic therapy. The most common side effects manifested by TPM patients were weight loss (50% of those who completed the treatment period), paresthesia (48%), and cognitive disturbances (20%), whereas DVP patients who completed the treatment period reported weight gain, hair loss, and gastrointestinal symptoms (approximately 24% for each). The mean doses achieved by those completing the study were 140 mg/day for TPM and 890 mg/day for DVP.Conclusions.— Although any conclusions from this investigation necessarily are limited because of our study's open‐label nonrandomized design, these results suggest that TPM and DVP are reasonably effective and generally well tolerated when used to treat a “real‐world” population of episodic migraineurs who require prophylaxis.