bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of peri‐implant bone resorption around Straumann Bone Level© implants placed in areas reconstructed with autogenous vertical onlay bone grafts
Authors: Chiapasco Matteo , Casentini Paolo , Zaniboni Marco , Corsi Elena 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim of the studyTo evaluate the survival and success rate of Straumann Bone Level implants placed in vertically atrophied edentulous jaws previously reconstructed with autogenous onlay bone grafts taken from the calvarium or the mandibular ramus.Materials and methodsFrom 2007 to 2009, 18 patients presenting with vertical deficits of the edentulous ridges were treated with autogenous cortical bone grafts harvested from the mandibular ramus or the calvarium. Four to seven months afterward, 60 Straumann Bone Level implants were placed in the reconstructed areas. After a further waiting period of 2–3 months, patients were rehabilitated with implant‐supported fixed prostheses. Follow‐up ranged from 12 to 36 months (mean: 19 months) after the start of prosthetic loading. Graft resorption before implant placement, as well as survival and success rates of implants, were recorded.ResultsThe mean bone resorption prior to implant placement was 0.18 mm for calvarial grafts and 0.42 mm for ramus grafts. Survival rate was 100% either for implants placed in calvarial grafts or implants placed in ramus grafts, while success rate was 90.3% for implants placed in calvarial grafts, and 93.1% for implants placed in ramus grafts.ConclusionResults from this study seem to demonstrate that implants with a platform‐switching design may predictably integrate in edentulous areas reconstructed with autogenous bone grafts, with survival rates consistent with those reported in recent literature reviews on the same topic, and also with implants placed in native bone. Conversely, this study was not able to demonstrate that implants with platform‐switching design may reduce bone resorption around implants placed in reconstructed areas.
Analysis of the influence of residual alveolar bone height on sinus augmentation outcomes
Authors: Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo , Neiva Rodrigo , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Rudek Ivan , Benavides Erika , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroductionMaxillary sinus augmentation is a predictable implant site development technique for posterior atrophic maxillary ridges. However, graft consolidation requires adequate angiogenesis and migration of osteogenic cells from native bone. Therefore, the amount of residual bone height (RBH) may play a role in the rate of graft maturation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of RBH in the histomorphometric outcomes of maxillary sinus augmentation procedures.Material and methodsPatients in need of sinus augmentation were recruited for the study. Customized radiographic guides were fabricated and a cone‐beam computerized tomography scan was obtained at baseline. Two examiners measured RBH on the scans at the locations marked by the radiographic guide. Sinus grafting was performed by a lateral window approach using a particulated mineralized allograft. Patients were followed up for 6 months. At the time of implant placement, bone core biopsies were harvested using the radiographic guide, which was converted into a surgical guide. Samples were histomorphometrically analyzed. Proportion of vital bone (%VB), remaining allograft particles (%RA), and non‐mineralized tissue (%NMT) were quantified. Categorical analysis of correlation of RBH (<4 or ≥4 mm) with%VB and%RA was performed using a statistical model.ResultsTwenty‐one patients underwent sinus augmentation for a total of 21 sinuses. One patient developed an infection after grafting and was excluded. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that mean%VB was 20.47 ± 18.25, mean %RA was 29.04 ± 24.94, and average %NMT was 50.47 ± 12.76. No significant correlation between RBH and %VB (r = 0.016; P = 0.951), and RBH and % (r = 0.009; P = 0.971) was found. Similarly, categorical analysis of correlation showed no statistical significance.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the remaining alveolar bone height does not appear to influence the maturation and consolidation of an allograft in the maxillary sinus.
Parathyroid hormone and its effects on dental tissues
Authors: Aggarwal P , Zavras A 
Published: August 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 18, 48–54In the current era, various pharmacological agents exist for osteoporosis management, and synthetic parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Teriparatide, Forteo) is one of the treatment options. Depending on the timing of administration, PTH has a unique ability to cause both bone apposition and bone resorption. This review focuses on the effects of PTH on the bone, specifically the jaw bones mandible and maxilla. The article briefly describes the fundamental mechanism of PTH action at the molecular level, as well as in experimental animals and in humans. It differentiates intermittent administration of PTH, especially at doses tolerated by humans that increase bone strength and prevent bone fractures, from continuous use that may lead to bone loss. In particular, it shows how intermittent administration of PTH can play a significant role in periodontal repair and implant success via stimulation of bone mineral content especially in the pre‐alveolar region.
Influences of watershed geomorphology on extent and composition of riparian vegetation
Authors: Engelhardt Blake M. , Weisberg Peter J. , Chambers Jeanne C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractQuestionHow strongly do watershed morphometry and geology influence the extent and composition of vegetation along riparian corridors?LocationEighteen upland watersheds in central Nevada, USA.MethodsWatershed (drainage basin) morphometry and geology were derived from digital data sets (DEMs and geologic maps). Riparian corridors were classified into five vegetation types (riparian forest, riparian shrub, wet/mesic meadow, dry meadow and shrub dry meadow) using high‐resolution aerial photography. Regression and multivariate analyses were used to relate geomorphic characteristics to riparian vegetation extent and composition.ResultsRiparian extent ranged from 0.4% to 3.6% of watershed area, was positively related to percentage intrusive bedrock and drainage density, and was negatively related to percentage carbonate bedrock and relative stream power. Riparian forest and shrub types occupied more than 75% of the riparian corridor in 12 of 18 watersheds; meadow types comprised a smaller proportion. Watershed size, topography and geology were important in predicting riparian composition. Riparian forest and shrub types were more abundant in small, rugged watersheds of high relief. Meadow types were more abundant in large, low gradient and less rugged watersheds. The importance of woody vegetation increased with more volcanic and intrusive bedrock, whereas meadow vegetation increased with increasing alluvium, carbonate and metasedimentary rock types.ConclusionsWatershed geomorphology significantly constrains extent and abundance of woody versus herbaceous vegetation within the riparian corridor. Watershed variables related to riparian vegetation are likely indicators of run‐off regimes or water and sediment transport. Consideration of relationships between watershed‐scale geomorphology and riparian vegetation can improve prediction and inform restoration efforts.
Statistical mechanics of 1D self-gravitating systems: the core—halo distribution
Authors: Teles T. N. , Levin Y. , Pakter R. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We study, using both theory and simulations, a system of self-gravitating sheets. A new statistical mechanics theory — free of any adjustable parameters is derived to quantitatively predict the final stationary state achieved by this system after the process of collisionless relaxation is completed. The theory shows a very good agreement with the numerical simulations. The model sheds new light on the general mechanism of relaxation of self-gravitating systems and may help us to understand cold matter distribution in the Universe.
Discovery of a spiral-host episodic radio galaxy
Authors: Hota Ananda , Sirothia S. K. , Ohyama Youichi , Konar C. , Kim Suk , Rey Soo-Chang , Saikia D. J. , Croston J. H. , Matsushita Satoki 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We report the discovery of a unique radio galaxy at z= 0.137, which could possibly be the second spiral-host large radio galaxy and also the second triple—double episodic radio galaxy. The host galaxy shows signs of recent star formation in the ultraviolet but is optically red and is the brightest galaxy of a possible cluster. The outer relic radio lobes of this galaxy, separated by ∼1 Mpc, show evidence of spectral flattening and a high fraction of linear polarization. We interpret that these relic lobes have experienced re-acceleration of particles and compression of the magnetic field due to shocks in the cluster outskirts. From the morphology of the relics and galaxy distribution, we argue that re-acceleration is unlikely to be due to a cluster—cluster merger and speculate about the possibility of accretion shocks. The source was identified from Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Galaxy Evolution Explorer, NRAO VLA Sky Survey and Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimetres survey data, but we also present follow-up optical observations with the Lulin telescope and 325-MHz low-frequency radio observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. We briefly discuss the scientific potential of this example in understanding the evolution of galaxies and clusters by accretion, mergers, star formation and active galactic nucleus feedback.
Characterization of d‐boroAla as a Novel Broad‐Spectrum Antibacterial Agent Targeting d‐Ala‐d‐Ala Ligase
Authors: Putty Sandeep , Rai Aman , Jamindar Darshan , Pagano Paul , Quinn Cheryl L. , Mima Takehiko , Schweizer Herbert P. , Gutheil William G. 
Published: August 2011

d‐boroAla was previously characterized as an inhibitor of bacterial alanine racemase and d‐Ala‐d‐Ala ligase enzymes (Biochemistry, 28, 1989, 3541). In this study, d‐boroAla was identified and characterized as an antibacterial agent. d‐boroAla has activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative organisms, with minimal inhibitory concentrations down to 8 μg / mL. A structure–function study on the alkyl side chain (NH2‐CHR‐B(OR’)2) revealed that d‐boroAla is the most effective agent in a series including boroGly, d‐boroHomoAla, and d‐boroVal. l‐boroAla was much less active, and N‐acetylation completely abolished activity. An LC‐MS / MS assay was used to demonstrate that d‐boroAla exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibition of d‐Ala‐d‐Ala ligase. d‐boroAla is bactericidal at 1× minimal inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, which each encode one copy of d‐Ala‐d‐Ala ligase, and at 4× minimal inhibitory concentration against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which each encode two copies of d‐Ala‐d‐Ala ligase. d‐boroAla demonstrated a frequency of resistance of 8 × 10−8 at 4× minimal inhibitory concentration in S. aureus. These results demonstrate that d‐boroAla has promising antibacterial activity and could serve as the lead agent in a new class of d‐Ala‐d‐Ala ligase targeted antibacterial agents. This study also demonstrates d‐boroAla as a possible probe for d‐Ala‐d‐Ala ligase function.
Opioid μ‐receptors in the rostral medullary raphe modulate hypoxia‐induced hyperpnea in unanesthetized rats
Authors: Dias M. B. , Nucci T. B. , Branco L. G. S. , Gargaglioni L. H. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Aim:  It has been suggested that the medullary raphe (MR) plays a key role in the physiological responses to hypoxia. As opioid μ‐receptors have been found in the MR, we studied the putative role of opioid μ‐receptors in the rostral MR (rMR) region on ventilation in normal and 7% hypoxic conditions.
Methods:  We measured pulmonary ventilation () and the body temperatures (Tb) of male Wistar rats before and after the selective opioid μ‐receptor antagonist CTAP (d‐Phe‐Cys‐Tyr‐d‐Trp‐Arg‐Thr‐Pen‐Thr‐NH2, cyclic, 0.1 μg per 0.1 μL) was microinjected into the rMR during normoxia or after 60 min of hypoxia.
Results:  The animals treated with intra‐rMR CTAP exhibited an attenuation of the ventilatory response to hypoxia (430 ± 86 mL kg−1 min−1) compared with the control group (790 ± 82 mL kg−1 min−1) (P < 0.05). No differences in the Tb were observed between groups during hypoxia.
Conclusion:  These data suggest that opioids acting on μ‐receptors in the rMR exert an excitatory modulation of hyperventilation induced by hypoxia.
Obesity augments the age‐induced increase in mitochondrial capacity for H2O2 release in Zucker fatty rats
Authors: Hey‐Mogensen M. , Jeppesen J. , Madsen K. , Kiens B. , Franch J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Aim:  Mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to play a significant role in obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate if changes in obesity and insulin resistance were related to similar changes in mitochondrial capacity for hydrogenperoxide release in Zucker diabetic fatty rats and their lean littermates.
Methods:  Thirty‐four rats were used in this study. Rats were either lean or obese Zucker rats killed at 5–6 (young) or 12–14 (adults) weeks of age. Mitochondria were isolated from soleus muscles; respiration and release of hydrogenperoxide were determined and related to citrate synthase activity to determine intrinsic mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial‐specific super‐oxide dismuthase (MnSOD) protein content was determined in isolated mitochondria and muscle homogenate. Catalase protein content was determined in muscle homogenate.
Results:  Young lean and obese rats had a higher mitochondrial respiration when using palmitoyl‐l‐carnitine as substrate compared with adult lean and obese rats. The obese strain had higher mitochondrial hydrogenperoxide release but only in the adult animals. In both lean and obese animals, increased age was associated with increased mitochondrial hydrogenperoxide release. MnSOD tended to be higher in the obese strain in the isolated mitochondria. Regardless of age, catalase protein content was significantly lower in the obese rats.
Conclusions:  This study shows that the augmented increase in obesity and insulin resistance seen in Zucker diabetic fatty rats is associated with increased capacity for mitochondrial hydrogenperoxide release.
Real Options in flood risk management decision making
Authors: Woodward M. , Gouldby B. , Kapelan Z. , Khu S.‐T. , Townend I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEffective flood risk management involves the quantification of flood risk and the implementation of cost‐effective, sustainable, and environmentally and socially acceptable measures that reduce flood risk. However, making decisions on the most appropriate long‐term intervention investments can be challenging; this is primarily because of the uncertainties associated with future climate change and socioeconomic development. Real Options analysis is a widely recognised approach for encouraging appropriate climate change adaptation and mitigation investment decisions. To date, however, there has only been limited use of Real Options Analysis Techniques within the Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management community. In this paper, a methodology is described that has the capability to assess the most appropriate set of interventions to make in a flood system, given the future uncertainties. The methodology captures the concepts of Real Options and has the capability to value the flexibility associated with potential flood risk management intervention options across a range of future climate change and socioeconomic scenarios. The novel Real Options approach has been tested and verified on a real‐life case study situated in the Thamesmead area of the Thames Estuary. The results obtained demonstrate the potential for substantial cost savings under future uncertainties when Real Options are used instead of more traditional, precautionary approaches.
A case of huge esophageal carcinosarcoma
Authors: Hu Mu , Zhi Xiu‐yi , Sun Ke‐lin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCarcinosarcoma of the esophagus is a rare malignant neoplasm with both epithelial and mesenchymal (sarcomatous) components. We describe a case of a 72‐year‐old man with a huge esophageal tumor which could often have been considered inoperable. However, the patient underwent a curative resection and had a good prognosis. In this report, we suggest that carcinosarcomas have a lower tendency of invasion, even late in their course. We therefore recommend aggressive surgical resection of this kind of tumor.
Evaluation of a point‐of‐care test for canine C‐reactive protein
Authors: Plickert Hanna D. , Einspanier Ralf , Arndt Gisela , Brunnberg Leo , Kohn Barbara 
Published: August 2011

Background: In veterinary medicine, there is increasing interest in measuring C‐reactive protein (CRP) as a tool for diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory diseases. Reported CRP concentrations for healthy dogs have ranged from 0 to 8.9 mg/L.Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate a canine‐specific point‐of‐care (POC) lateral flow immunoassay for qualitative CRP measurement in healthy and diseased dogs and to compare results with those obtained by a quantitative ELISA.Methods: Blood samples from 73 client‐owned dogs were available for testing: 16 healthy dogs and 57 dogs with a variety of infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic diseases. CRP was measured in heparinized whole blood samples and serum with the TECOmedical Dog CRP‐visual POC test. A red line develops in the POC device if CRP is ≥5 mg/L, and results are scored as negative or positive. An ELISA validated previously for canine serum was used as the reference method.Results: For all dogs, serum CRP concentrations measured by the ELISA ranged from 0.1 to ≥350 mg/L (median=38 mg/L). Percentages of the CRP POC test results that agreed with the ELISA results were 98.6% for whole blood and 97.3% for serum samples. For serum samples, sensitivity of the POC test was 96.4% and specificity was 81.3%. For whole blood, sensitivity was 94.7% and specificity was 93.8%.Conclusions: The POC test had very good agreement with the ELISA test and had high sensitivity and specificity; therefore, it can be used as a qualitative test to screen for increases in CRP concentrations.
Neutrophilic myeloperoxidase index and mean light absorbance in neonatal septic and nonseptic foals
Authors: Piviani Martina , Segura Didac , Monreal Luis , Bach‐Raich Ester , Mesalles Montse , Pastor Josep 
Published: August 2011

Background: Two neutrophilic indices reported by the ADVIA 120 Hematology Analyzer, neutrophilic myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), and mean light absorbance (neutrophil X mean [NXM]) have been proposed as indicators of systemic inflammatory disease in horses and of neutrophil activation in coronary ischemic syndromes in people.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate NXM and MPXI in healthy, sick nonseptic, and sick septic foals to determine whether conditions likely associated with neutrophil activation result in decreases in these variables.Methods: In this retrospective study, CBC data from 61 neonatal foals presented to the Equine Teaching Hospital of Barcelona were evaluated for correlations between MPXI, NXM, percentage of large unstained cells, neutrophil count, and percentage of band neutrophils. Results obtained in septic (n=32), sick nonseptic (n=22), and healthy foals (n=7) were compared. In addition, results recorded in septic/neutropenic (n=12), septic/non‐neutropenic (n=20), nonseptic/neutropenic (n=8), nonseptic/non‐neutropenic (n=14), and healthy foals (n=7) were also compared.Results: A weak negative correlation was found between MPXI and neutrophil count and between NXM and percentage of band neutrophils. Septic/neutropenic foals had significantly higher MPXI values (median 17.9, minimum–maximum 4.7–42.5) than did septic/non‐neutropenic (1.5, −24.4 to 22.3), nonseptic/neutropenic (6.6, 0.6–17.9), and nonseptic/non‐neutropenic foals (8.8, −10.1 to 16.8) but did not differ significantly from controls (12.8, −8.5 to 20.4).Conclusions: Significant differences in NXM or MPXI were not found when disease groups were compared with controls; however, septic/neutropenic foals had significantly higher median MPXI than other groups of sick foals. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify if this finding is related to decreased neutrophil function or activation in septic/neutropenic foals.
Evaluation of a 3D local multiresolution algorithm for the correction of partial volume effects in positron emission tomography
Authors: Le Pogam Adrien , Hatt Mathieu , Descourt Patrice , Boussion Nicolas , Tsoumpas Charalampos , Turkheimer Federico E. , Prunier‐Aesch Caroline , Baulieu Jean‐Louis , Guilloteau Denis , Visvikis Dimitris 
Published: August 2011

Purpose:Partial volume effects (PVEs) are consequences of the limited spatial resolution in emission tomography leading to underestimation of uptake in tissues of size similar to the point spread function (PSF) of the scanner as well as activity spillover between adjacent structures. Among PVE correction methodologies, a voxel‐wise mutual multiresolution analysis (MMA) was recently introduced. MMA is based on the extraction and transformation of high resolution details from an anatomical image (MR/CT) and their subsequent incorporation into a low‐resolution PET image using wavelet decompositions. Although this method allows creating PVE corrected images, it is based on a 2D global correlation model, which may introduce artifacts in regions where no significant correlation exists between anatomical and functional details.Methods:A new model was designed to overcome these two issues (2D only and global correlation) using a 3D wavelet decomposition process combined with a local analysis. The algorithm was evaluated on synthetic, simulated and patient images, and its performance was compared to the original approach as well as the geometric transfer matrix (GTM) method.Results:Quantitative performance was similar to the 2D global model and GTM in correlated cases. In cases where mismatches between anatomical and functional information were present, the new model outperformed the 2D global approach, avoiding artifacts and significantly improving quality of the corrected images and their quantitative accuracy.Conclusions:A new 3D local model was proposed for a voxel‐wise PVE correction based on the original mutual multiresolution analysis approach. Its evaluation demonstrated an improved and more robust qualitative and quantitative accuracy compared to the original MMA methodology, particularly in the absence of full correlation between anatomical and functional information.