bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical changes and yield in the Ohio corn performance test: A 50‐year summary
Authors: Medeiros Jhonata Cantuaria , Zavala Jean , Shahrokhi Mohsen , Minyo Richard , Geyer Allen , Lindsey Alexander , Thomison Peter , Ortez Osler 
Published: February 2025

AbstractReaching production potential, crop quality, and profitability are pivotal goals across cropping systems. The Ohio corn performance test (OCPT) has deployed research approaches in the last 50 years. Partnerships between Ohio State University, seed companies, and cooperating farmers have tested commercially available corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids across several locations in the state. This work aims to identify historical changes in agronomic characteristics, environmental factors, crop management, and their association with crop productivity and gross income over 50 years. Yield improvements were observed, from 9.34 (1972–1981) to 14.78 (2012–2021) Mg ha−1. Adopting management practices such as crop rotation and soil conservation practices (e.g., minimum till, no‐till, and stale seedbed) accompanied production improvements. Our results showed that seeding rate, seedling emergence, and final stands had strong correlations with yield (81%, 64%, and 82%). Regions with better weather conditions (i.e., more precipitation, higher average temperatures, lower wind speed) also had strong correlations with yield; the central region had the highest average yield. In this 50‐year dataset, OCPT yields represented gross income values 40% higher compared to the average for the state of Ohio during the same period. This study indicates that yield improvements in the corn performance test have been achieved through synergistic changes in new hybrids, key management practices, and coupled with suitable growing environments. Our work reaffirms that selecting hybrids that are best adapted to specific growing environments is a primary factor in achieving high yields and profits at the farm level.
Can Domestic Vanilla Compete? Sensory Evaluation and Willingness to Pay for Vanilla Flavorings
Authors: Hevesh Alissa , Kropp Jaclyn D. , Gao Zhifeng , Sims Charles , Chambers Alan , Brym Maria 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe U.S. is the largest importer of vanilla beans. Currently, there is no large‐scale domestic commercial production of vanilla beans. However, Florida's tropical climate is suitable for production, and researchers are exploring the viability of a Florida‐based domestic vanilla industry. To understand consumer preferences and valuations for vanilla with different flavor sources, we administered a blind sensory panel. Participants sampled four vanilla flavorings, including a vanilla extract made from vanilla beans grown in Florida, a commercially available vanilla extract made from vanilla beans grown in Papua New Guinea, a national‐brand vanilla extract made from vanilla beans grown in Madagascar, and a commonly available synthetic flavoring. Panelists were asked questions related to acceptability and contingent valuation. Mean separation analysis and regression analysis reveal that participants’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the three vanilla extracts are statistically indifferent, suggesting that the country of origin of the beans did not impact WTP for the extract. However, the synthetic flavoring received higher ratings and panelist indicated higher WTP for the synthetic flavoring than some of the vanilla extracts.
Reconstructing the introduction history of the invasive grass Taeniatherum caput‐medusae subsp. asperum in the western United States: Low within‐population genetic diversity does not preclude invasion
Authors: Marsh Dean R. , Deines Lynell , Rausch Joseph H. , Tindon Yves , Sforza René F. H. , Melton Anthony E. , Novak Stephen J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPremiseOne of the main drivers of global change is biotic exchange, which leads to biological invasions. The genetic diversity and structure of invasive populations is influenced by multiple factors, most notably the details of a species' introduction, its pattern of range expansion, and its mating system. Taeniatherum caput‐medusae subsp. asperum is a primarily self‐pollinating, invasive, annual grass of the western United States (US).MethodsUsing historical information (herbarium specimens and published reports) and genetic (allozyme) data, we reconstructed the introduction history and pattern of range expansion of T. caput‐medusae subsp. asperum in its invasive range.ResultsHerbarium collection data and published reports indicate that the grass was first collected near Roseburg, Oregon, in 1884 and then at Steptoe Butte, Washington, in 1901. Genetic analysis of 46 invasive populations of T. caput‐medusae subsp. asperum detected seven homozygous multilocus genotypes (MLGs) across the western US. Several MLGs were found in localities associated with early collection sites. Only three of 1700 individuals we analyzed were heterozygous. Thus, high rates of self‐pollination likely preserved the MLGs introduced into the western US and contributed to our ability to reconstruct the introduction history of this grass.ConclusionsOur data are consistent with the pattern associated with multiple introductions and local or regional range expansion. Despite multiple introductions, invasive populations of T. caput‐medusae subsp. asperum exhibit relatively low within‐population genetic diversity (i.e., invasive populations possess low evolutionary potential). Apparently, low within‐population genetic diversity does not preclude the invasion of this grass in the western US.
The Virtual Database of the Documented Human Osteological Collection (DHOC) of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna (Italy, 19th–20th Century)
Authors: Sorrentino Rita , Pietrobelli Annalisa , Mameli Davide , Mariotti Valentina , Nicolosi Teresa , Belcastro Maria Giovanna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article aims to introduce a new virtual database of skeletal human remains from the Documented Human Osteological Collection (DHOC) of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna (Emilia Romagna, northern Italy) housed at the University of Bologna. The Virtual DHOC of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna (VirtualDHOC) is stored in the publicly accessible 3D data repository MorphoSource, and consists of 3D models or micro‐Computer Tomography scans of skeletal elements of a subsample of the 425 individuals. These skeletons, mostly complete and well‐preserved, pertain to individuals of different ages, ranging from fetuses/newborns to 91 years old, for which the sex is known, who died in the city of Bologna between 1898 and 1944. This collection represents an important scientific resource for the study of human skeletal remains and to test methods and techniques in the field of bioarchaeology, forensics, and paleoanthropology. The digitization of a comprehensive database of 3D scans and 3D bones is an ongoing project that will implement the Virtual DHOC of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna over the next few years. The Virtual DHOC of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna aims to share the data contained therein with other researchers, contributing to the dissemination of knowledge and the promotion of scientific research in anthropology, while also ensuring the virtual preservation and accessibility of this collection for future generations. This simultaneously responds to various ethical concerns and best practices about the treatment and management of human skeletal remains.
Predicting survival rate by plasma biomarkers and clinical variables in syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Cotelli Maria Sofia , Tarantino Barbara , Tan Kübra , Huber Hanna , Cantoni Valentina , Bracca Valeria , Gasparotti Roberto , Premi Enrico , Logroscino Giancarlo , Benedet Andrea L. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Grassi Mario , Ashton Nicholas J. , Borroni Barbara 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONModeling the survival rate in syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is essential to assess disease trajectories.METHODSIn 262 patients with FTLD, we considered plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein, brain‐derived tau, phosphorylated tau217 and amyloid beta (Aβ42/Aβ40). The FTLD Survival Score (FTLD‐SS) was calculated by the β coefficients of the variables independently associated with survival rate.RESULTSIncreased plasma NfL levels (p < 0.001), older age at evaluation (p = 0.002), positive family history (p = 0.04), and motor phenotypes (p < 0.001) were associated with reduced survival. The predictive validity of FTLD‐SS was 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.59–0.91) at 1 year.DISCUSSIONSurvival rate in FTLD is shaped by intensity of neurodegeneration (using plasma NfL as proxy) together with certain clinical variables. The FTLD‐SS may serve as a simple tool for survival rate estimation and for patient stratification in clinical trials.Highlights
Plasma neurofilament light chain and clinical variables can predict survival in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)–associated syndromes.
FTLD Survival Score (FTLD‐SS), computed with survival predictors, may serve as a simple tool for patient stratification.
FTLD‐SS is associated with greater atrophy in frontal and putamen areas.
Expediting Glycospace Exploration: Therapeutic Glycans via Automated Synthesis
Authors: Suri James , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGlycans regulate a vast spectrum of disease‐related processes, yet effectively leveraging these important mediators in a therapeutic context remains a frontier in contemporary medicine. Unlike many other classes of clinically important biopolymers, carbohydrates derive from discrete biosynthetic pathways and are not produced directly from genes. The conspicuous absence of a biological blueprint to achieve amplification creates a persistent challenge in obtaining well‐defined glycostructures for therapeutic translation. Isolating purified sugars from biological sources is not without challenge, rendering synthetic organic chemistry the nexus of this advancing field. Chemical synthesis has proven to be an unfaltering pillar in the production of complex glycans, but laborious syntheses coupled with purification challenges frequently introduce reproducibility issues. In an effort to reconcile these preparative challenges with the societal importance of glycans, automated glycan synthesis was conceptualised at the start of the 21st century. This rapidly expanding, multifaceted field of scientific endeavor has effectively merged synthetic chemistry with technology and engineering to expedite the precision synthesis of target glycans. This minireview describes the structural diversity and function of glycans generated by automated glycan synthesis platforms over the last five years. The translational impact of these advances is discussed together with current limitations and future directions.
Advances in the Potential of Quinoline‐Derived Metal Complexes as Antimalarial Agents: A Review
Authors: Peron Carla , Gonçalves Raoni Schroeder Borges , Moura Sidnei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTQuinolines obtained from native trees of South and Central America, of the genus Cinchona, have been used since the 17th century for the treatment of malaria. However, it was only in 1820 that quinine had its structure elucidated, and subsequently, during the 20th century, several synthetic derivatives were produced with quinine superior activities. In parallel, the search for the synthesis of metal complex compounds for the treatment of malaria dates from 1994, with the development of ferroquine, an iron complex derived from chloroquine, developed by Biot and collaborators at Lille University. After, there are several metal complexes synthesized from quinine with various metals, such as ruthenium, gold, iridium, and platinum, over the last 30 years, which are the aims of this review. This review identified 84 quinoline–metal complexes reported across 25 studies, with the gold complex (Complex 63) showing significant potency against the FcBI strain (IC50 10 nM), outperforming chloroquine (CQ, 50 nM), indicating that metal coordination enhances the drug's action. The ruthenium complex (Complex 03) exhibited activity against PFB but was less effective than CQ (IC50 22.5 vs. 8.2 nM). Other complexes, such as Au(III) (Complex 61), Ir(I) (Complex 52), and Ir(II) (Complex 50), also demonstrated promising results with varying effectiveness across different strains. Structural features, including linear geometry in Au(I) complexes and square planar or piano stool geometries in Ru(II) and Ir complexes, play crucial roles in influencing their biological activity. These findings highlight the potential of metal coordination in improving antimalarial efficacy.
Nickel Catalyst With Excellent Thermal Stability for Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization
Authors: Tian Wanlu , Guan Hengchao , Wang Wenbing , Kong Xin , Pang Wenmin , Wang Quan , Wang Fuzhou , Zou Chen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRecently, a series of inexpensive nickel‐based phosphine phenol catalysts have been synthesized for catalyzing the copolymerization of ethylene and polar monomers to prepare functionalized polyolefins. However, it is still challenging to achieve homogeneous nickel catalysts that catalyze ethylene polymerization or copolymerization at high temperatures (up to 150°C) with high activity. This work synthesized a series of phosphine phenol nickel catalysts with bulky steric hindrance and electron donating groups, which were used for catalyzing ethylene polymerization and coordination copolymerization of ethylene and a series of polar monomers at high temperatures. These nickel catalysts exhibited high ethylene polymerization activity and excellent thermal stability at 150°C, producing polyethylene with a molecular weight of up to 102.7 × 104 g mol−1. More importantly, these catalysts can catalyze the copolymerization of ethylene and a range of polar monomers at 120°C, improving the surface properties of polyolefins.
Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐Amines
Authors: Pang Ting , Sang Tian , He Jing , Guo Ruili , Xie Jianwei , Liu Ping 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA simple and efficient approach was developed for ligand‐free copper‐promoted N‐arylation of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐amines with aryliodides. A series of diarylamines and triarylamines could be obtained by controlling the reaction conditions. The reaction exhibited good functional‐group tolerance, the feasibility of scale‐up, and selectivity that make it particularly well suited for potential applications both in academic and industrial perspectives.
Anticancer Activity of Soy Lecithin‐Based Curcumin in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tiryaki Selen , Macit Meltem , Zemheri Itır Ebru , Süt Pınar Akkuş , Duman Gülengül , Telci Dilek 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTProstate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths, has driven research into drug delivery systems to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Curcumin, a phenolic phytochemical from Curcuma longa, shows antioxidant, anti‐mutagenic, anti‐proliferative, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, its low solubility and bioavailability limit its use, leading to the development of encapsulated formulations to enhance its efficacy. Carrier‐based curcumin formulations have emerged as a promising perspective for cancer treatment. Here, we aimed to assess the in vitro anticancer activity of soy lecithin‐encapsulated curcumin (SLCCUR) and the safety and efficacy of its intracellular uptake against prostate cancer. To this end, the intracellular uptake and cytotoxic activity of SLCCUR versus free curcumin (FCUR) were analyzed in androgen‐sensitive 22Rv1 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells along with normal prostate epithelial cells PNT1A. Cellular uptake of SLCCUR was 15‐fold higher than FCUR, showing a greater dose‐dependent cytotoxic effect on 22Rv1 and LNCaP cells, while only a cytostatic effect was observed for PNT1A cells. In a nude mice 22Rv1 xenograft model, administration of SLCCUR resulted in a tenfold greater reduction in tumor size compared to FCUR, suggesting that the anticancer activity of curcumin is significantly improved when encapsulated in soy lecithin‐based carriers.
Primary sulci formation in human cerebral cortex development
Authors: Kumagai Miyu , Kanahashi Toru , Matsubayashi Jun , Imai Hirohiko , Otani Hiroki , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe aimed to determine the timing of appearance and the morphologic and morphometric features of the initial human cerebral sulcal formation. Using high‐resolution magnetic resonance images obtained from 33 samples between 11 and 16 weeks (w) of gestation (crown‐rump length <130 mm), the cerebral surface and internal structures on serial two‐dimensional planes and all possible sulci on three‐dimensional reconstructions were marked, allowing comparison of the positions of the sulci in the samples and inter‐samples. Our method provided accurate conclusions regarding the timing of sulcal formation. Detection timing was as early as and earlier than those in previous studies using anatomical dissection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively: <12 w for the callosum, <13 w for the hippocampal, calcarine, and parieto‐occipital sulci, and < 15 w for the lateral sulcus. Occasionally, an olfactory sulcus was detected. However, the cingulate sulcus could not be definitely identified. The lateral sulcus gradually appeared and changed shape. The lengths of the left and right sides of the olfactory sulci and the left side of the hippocampal sulcus increased linearly with the CRL. The length of the right side of the hippocampal sulcus and the left and right sides of the calcarine, parieto‐occipital, and not determined_a sulci did not increase with the CRL The depth of the all sulci, except for the parieto‐occipital sulci, increased linearly with the CRL. The sulci might not arise as if they elongate gradually but arise simultaneously over some distance. We determined the timing of the initial sulcal formation using high‐resolution MRI. Our findings may significantly impact prenatal diagnosis and research on neurodevelopmental disorders.
Design of backstepping control for nonlinear systems based on command filter and uncertainty estimation
Authors: Sun Yongbo , Zhou Lan , Jiang Fuxi , Li Meiliu , Xiao Wenbin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper presents an improved command‐filtered backstepping control strategy for a class of multisource‐disturbed nonlinear systems based on an active‐uncertainty‐estimation‐and‐compensation approach. Exploiting the available model information of a plant, a reduced‐order extended‐state observer is designed to estimate a matched total uncertainty. Command filters are constructed to estimate virtual control inputs. Both the estimated states and estimation errors are used for the construction of the backstepping control law, which guarantees the stability of the system and compensates for uncertainties. Moreover, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to simultaneously optimize the state observer gain and backstepping control gains. Finally, a case study on a rotational system shows that the presented method achieves better uncertainty suppression and tracking performance in both transient and steady state than other related methods.
An idea to explore: Use of the virtual reality app Nanome for teaching three‐dimensional biomolecular structures
Authors: Berkmen Melanie B. , Balla Melisa , Cavanaugh Mikayla T. , Smith Isabel N. , Flores‐Artica Misael Eduardo , Thornhill Abby M. , Lockart Julia C. , Peterson Celeste N. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBiochemistry and molecular biology students are asked to understand and analyze the structures of small molecules and complex three‐dimensional (3D) macromolecules. However, most tools to help students learn molecular visualization skills are limited to two‐dimensional (2D) images on screens and in textbooks. The virtual reality (VR) App Nanome, designed for collaborative drug discovery, allows users to visualize, build, modify, and interact with molecules in 3D. Here, we describe our pedagogical approach for using Nanome to teach biomolecular structure concepts in the classroom. After introducing students to the Meta Quest VR hardware and training students to use Nanome using its built‐in tutorials, we used Nanome to review molecular structure. We provide five detailed Nanome exercises that address a variety of key learning objectives in biochemistry and molecular biology including reviewing protein structure (secondary, tertiary, and quaternary), properties of active sites, chirality of amino acids, and ligand‐enzyme interactions. The exercises we designed include built‐in assessment to monitor student learning in Nanome. In addition, we supply instructor resources for starting with Nanome and implementing the exercises. After the VR exercises, we used surveys to assess student impressions. All students reported that the activities were somewhat or very helpful in learning about molecular structure. Most students (85%) reported that the activities increased or moderately increased their interest in biomolecular structures. We also discuss student perceptions of the technology and the advantages and challenges they cited to using VR to review biomolecular structure.
Metabolite Profiling of Danatinib in Mice Using Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Yuan , Zhang Yuan‐Wei , Yu Sheng‐Nan , Qiao Nuo , Ni Xing‐Feng , Liu Qian , Bai Ming‐Yu , Li Qing‐Qing , Wang Zi‐Xuan , Zhou Yun , Ding Ning , Sun Shan‐Liang , Xue Xin , Shan Chen‐Xiao , Shi Zhi‐Hao , Wang Jin , Li Nian‐Guang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDanatinib, a brand‐new compound synthesized in our laboratory for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), demonstrates remarkable antitumor activity. However, the pharmacokinetic profile of Danatinib in mice was short with its half‐life was only 0.476 h. To address this issue and optimize its therapeutic efficacy, this study investigated the metabolic profiles of Danatinib in mice, both in vitro and in vivo, using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q‐TOF MS) technology. In the in vitro study, Danatinib was analyzed using mouse liver microsomes, resulting in the identification of eight metabolites. In the in vivo study, Danatinib was administered orally to mice at 20 mg/kg; the samples of plasma, bile, feces, and urine were collected and analyzed, leading to the identification of 34 metabolites. The results showed that those metabolites were formed through various metabolic reactions including hydroxylation, carboxylation, acetylation, hydrogenation, and glucuronidation. This study provides a systematic investigation of the metabolism of Danatinib, offering valuable information for further structural modification to improve its pharmacokinetic profiles.