bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal grey matter in victims of rape with PTSD in Mainland China: a voxel-based morphometry study
Authors: Sui Shuang Ge , Wu Ming Xiang , King Mark E. , Zhang Yan , Ling Li , Xu Jian Min , Weng Xu Chu , Duan Lian , Shan Bao Ci , Li Ling Jiang 
Published: May 2010

Sui SG, Wu MX, King ME, Zhang Y, Ling L, Xu JM, Weng XC, Duan L, Shan BC, Li LJ. Abnormal grey matter in victims of rape with PTSD in Mainland China: a voxel-based morphometry study.Objective:This study examined changes in brain grey matter in victims of rape (VoR) with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research has focused on PTSD caused by various traumatic events, such as war and disaster, among others. Although considerable research has focused on rape-related PTSD, limited studies have been carried out in the context of Mainland China.Methods:The study included 11 VoR with PTSD, 8 VoR without PTSD and 12 healthy comparison (HC) subjects. We used voxel-based morphometry to explore changes in brain grey-matter density (GMD) by applying statistical parametric mapping to high-resolution magnetic resonance images.Results:Compared with HC, VoR with PTSD showed significant GMD reductions in the bilateral medial frontal cortex, left middle frontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus and fusiform cortex and significant GMD increases in the right posterior cingulate cortex, postcentral cortex, bilateral precentral cortex and inferior parietal lobule. Compared to VoR without PTSD, VoR with PTSD showed significant GMD reductions in the right uncus, left middle temporal gyrus, and the fusiform cortex, and increases in the left precentral cortex, inferior parietal lobule and right post-central cortex.Conclusion:The findings of abnormal GMD in VoR with PTSD support the hypothesis that PTSD is associated with widespread anatomical changes in the brain. The medial frontal cortex, precentral cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, post-central cortex and inferior parietal lobule may play important roles in the neuropathology of PTSD.
Aberrant processing of deviant stimuli in schizophrenia revealed by fusion of fMRI and EEG data
Authors: Calhoun Vince D. , Wu Lei , Kiehl Kent A. , Eichele Tom , Pearlson Godfrey D. 
Published: May 2010

Calhoun VD, Wu L, Kiehl KA, Eichele T, Pearlson GD. Aberrant processing of deviant stimuli in schizophrenia revealed by fusion of fMRI and EEG data.Background:Aberrant electrophysiological and haemodynamic processing of auditory oddball stimuli is among the most robustly documented findings in patients with schizophrenia. However, no study to date has directly examined linked patterns of electrical and haemodynamic differences in patients and controls.Methods:In a recent paper we demonstrated a data-driven approach, joint independent component analysis (jICA) to fuse together functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potential (ERP) data and elucidated the chronometry of auditory oddball target detection in healthy control subjects. In this paper we extend our fusion method to identify specific differences in the neuronal chronometry of target detection for chronic schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls.Results:We found one linked source, consistent with the N2 response, known to be related to cognitive processing of deviant stimuli, spatially localized to bilateral fronto-temporal regions. This source showed significant between-group differences both in amplitude response and in the fMRI/ERP distribution pattern. These findings are consistent with previous work showing N2 amplitude and latency abnormalities in schizophrenia, and provide new information about the linkage between the two.Conclusions:In summary, we use a novel approach to isolate and identify a linked fMRI/ERP component which shows marked differences in chronic schizophrenia patients. We also show that jointly using both fMRI and ERP measures provides a fully picture of the underlying haemodynamic and electrical changes which are present in patients. Our approach also has broad applicability to other diseases such as autism, Alzheimer's disease, or bipolar disorder.
Validity and reliability of a Swedish version of the Non‐Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist – Postoperative Version
Authors: Johansson M , Carlberg EB , Jylli L 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim: To test the validity and reliability of a Swedish version of the Non‐Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist – Postoperative Version (NCCPC‐PV).Methods: Thirty‐two consecutive children/adolescents (2–20 years of age) with cognitive impairment and no verbal communication from four habilitation centres were admitted to the study. Each child’s behaviour was observed by a parent or a caregiver and by a physiotherapist in two calm and two painful situations within the child’s everyday life. The raters independently assessed and graded the child’s behaviour during 5 min according to the translated Swedish version of the NCCPC‐PV.The intrarater and interrater reliability were determined, and the construct validity was examined.Results: The results from 202 assessments showed that the construct validity was good: children’s behavioural signs differed significantly between situations of pain and situations of calm (p < 0.001). Repeated assessments showed poor agreement both within and between raters [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.51–0.65]. The agreement for pain was good (ICC 0.83).Conclusion: The Swedish version of the NCCPC‐PV can be used for pain assessment in children with cognitive impairments who lack verbal communication. Aspects of reliability need to be further analysed.
Increased prevalence of otitis media following respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Kristjánsson S , Skúladóttir HE , Sturludóttir M , Wennergren G 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to analyse whether, during the 18 months following a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants, there were differences in the prevalence of common infections such as acute otitis media (AOM), compared with controls. We also wanted to see whether passive smoking could be a contributory factor.Methods:  In a longitudinal study, 33 children who attended the emergency room with an RSV infection (age ≤7 months) were compared with 37 age‐matched controls recruited from routine infant check‐ups. The 18‐month follow‐up consisted of a questionnaire focusing on environmental factors and the child’s health during the last 12 months. An allergy skin prick test (SPT) was performed and venous blood was obtained.Results:  The prevalence of AOM and the use of antibiotics were higher in the RSV group than in the controls (p = 0.009 and p = 0.027 respectively). The number of AOMs and the use of antibiotics correlated, r = 0.8. In the RSV group, one or both parents smoked in 52% compared with 14% in the controls (p < 0.001). There were no differences in allergy SPT results.Conclusion:  The infants with RSV infection had AOM and were prescribed antibiotics more frequently during the follow‐up period. Furthermore, smoking was far more common among the parents of the RSV group. We speculate that passive smoking could be a contributory factor to the infections noted here.
Ultrasound measurements of the lateral ventricles in neonates: why, how and when? A systematic review
Authors: Brouwer Margaretha J , De Vries Linda S , Pistorius Lou , Rademaker Karin J , Groenendaal Floris , Benders Manon JNL 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGerminal matrix‐intraventricular haemorrhage and subsequent post‐haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) are frequently encountered complications in preterm neonates. As progressive dilatation of the lateral ventricles may be associated with elevated intracranial pressure, ultrasound measurements of ventricular size play a major role in the evaluation of neonates at risk of ventricular dilatation as well as in assessing the effect of intervention for PHVD. A systematic search was carried out in Medline and Embase to identify neonatal and foetal ultrasound studies on lateral ventricular size. This review presents an overview of the available data concerning neonatal reference values for lateral ventricular size, the influence of gender, ventricular asymmetry and the effect of the mode of delivery on the phenomenon of ventricular reopening following birth.Conclusion:  Serial cranial ultrasound measurements of the lateral ventricles play a key role in the early recognition and therapeutic evaluation of post‐haemorrhagic ventricular dilation and can be of prognostic value in neonates with ventricular dilatation.
Cerebral white matter blood flow and arterial blood pressure in preterm infants
Authors: Børch Klaus , Lou Hans C , Greisen Gorm 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIt is generally assumed that one reason why white matter injury is common in preterm infants is the relatively poor vascular supply.Aim:  To examine whether blood flow to the white matter is relatively more reduced at low blood pressure than is blood flow to the brain as a whole.Methods:  Thirteen normoxic preterm infants had blood flow imaging on 16 occasions with single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 99Tc labelled hexa‐methylpropylenamide oxime (HMPAO) as the tracer. Gestational age was 26–32 weeks. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide was between 4.7 and 8.5 kPa and mean arterial blood pressure between 22 and 55 mmHg.Results:  There was no statistically significant direct relation between white matter blood flow percentage and any of the variables. Using non‐linear regression, however, assuming a plateau over a certain blood pressure threshold and a positive slope below this threshold, the relation to white matter flow percentage was statistically significant (p = 0.02). The threshold was 29 mmHg (95% confidence limits 26–33).Conclusion:  Our analysis supports the concept of periventricular white matter as selectively vulnerable to ischaemia during episodes of low blood pressure.
Psychoanalysis and Early Modern Culture: Is it Time to Move Beyond Charges of Anachronism?
Authors: Bellamy Elizabeth Jane 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the last few decades, cultural and textual studies of early modern sexualities, passions, kinship bonds, etc., have burgeoned, while more or less overlooking the role of the unconscious within these all too human realms of inquiry. No one doubts that something akin to rationality or irrationality actually occurred in early modernity. But the possibility that something like repression might have occurred opens a floodgate of protests: to pose the question of how repression might have operated within early modernity is to invite the immediate response that the unconscious possesses no earlier history prior to Freud’s famous couch in Vienna. Blunt‐force accusations that psychoanalysis is anachronistic when brought to bear on early modern studies have become mantras, often assuming such mesmerizing, hegemonic force that they have all but foreclosed on the benefits of further reflection and debate. This essay speculates on how – and whether – we can work through and moves beyond this all‐too‐predictable, but stubbornly durable charge.
The Bishops’ Ban of 1599 and the Ideology of English Satire
Authors: Jones William R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOn June 1, 1599, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London banned the further printing of satires, epigrams, and unlicensed histories and plays. Furthermore, the order demanded the immediate recall and burning of specific works, many of which were verse imitations of the Roman satirist Juvenal. Although the order itself lacks specific motivational language, current explanations tend to foreground the potentially obscene and/or libelous nature of the recalled works. Comparatively little attention has been paid, however, to the internal ideologies of the banned satires themselves and to the dialogue between the satires and the cultural and political conditions that inspired them. Instead of an ad hoc response to any one particular transgression, this essay argues for the Ban as an attempt to stem the growing cultural influence of a particularly unorthodox mode of Juvenalian imitative satire expressed most forcefully in John Marston’s banned work, The Scourge of Villanie. Marston’s rejection of all established belief systems, especially the conservative literary traditions of native English and Horatian imitative satire, in favor of a highly individualistic and indecorous mode of social representation, was simply too ideologically destabilizing for the bishops to tolerate. In support of this reading, two relatively underexplored pieces of evidence are examined: first, the reprieve granted to Joseph Hall’s imitative satire entitled Virgidemiarum, which attempts to negotiate an ideologically safe middle‐ground between the radical Juvenalian mode and the conservative Horatian tradition; and second, the contemporary reflections on the bishops’ prohibition within John Weever’s 1599 Epigrams, his 1600 pastoral Faunus and Melliflora, and his 1601 direct attack on Marston in The Whipping of the Satyre. Weever’s support of the bishops’ actions derives from his identification of the banned Juvenalian mode as not merely morally offensive or personally defamatory, but as a tangible threat to the ideological stability of the English nation.
Anglo‐Saxonism in Nineteenth‐Century Poetry
Authors: Jones Chris 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article essays the first survey of 19th‐century poetry that imitates, alludes to, or draws on, theories about Anglo‐Saxon language and/or literature. Criticism has so far overlooked such a field as forming a distinct body of literature with shared preoccupations and influences, although some previous attention has been paid to the Anglo‐Saxonism of individual poets or texts. This essay, then, provides the first scoping exercise of the extent and limits of a field one could term 19th‐century Anglo‐Saxonist poetry. This corpus is briefly contextualised within the wider field of Anglo‐Saxonist literature, itself an important sub‐genre of mediaevalism and mediaevalist literature. A possible fourfold typology is offered as a framework within which further study might be continued. Some consideration is briefly paid to the use of Anglo‐Saxon in the poetry of William Wordsworth, Walter Scott, Alfred Tennyson, Lewis Carroll, William Barnes, William Morris, and Gerard Manley Hopkins. The importance of antiquarianism and philology is emphasised, with passing reference made to writers such as Sharon Turner, George Marsh, and to the essays of Ralph Waldo Emerson. The essay addresses a neglected topic in the broader field of the reception of the Middle Ages, and in particular the recovery and reception of Anglo‐Saxon, or Old English language and poetry. The essay concludes by suggesting that new narrative models of literary history made be required to accommodate the concept of ‘19th‐century Anglo‐Saxon poetry’.
Closed suctioning system: Critical analysis for its use
Authors: HARADA Nahoko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim:  To determine the efficacy and effectiveness of the closed suctioning system.Method:  Literature review articles were accessed from the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. The literature review criteria included: all publication styles except meta‐analysis, participants that were ≥18 years, written in English, and published between 1973 and 2008.Results:  This literature review revealed that the efficacy and effectiveness of the closed suctioning system remains to be demonstrated. The device manufacturers' studies focused on cost reduction, cross‐contamination, and preservation of the oxygen saturation of patients during endotracheal suctioning; however, the clinical studies focused on the use of closed suctioning systems to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia. The reviewed studies had small sample sizes with heterogeneous demographics and non‐randomized controls. Recent studies suggest that closed suctioning systems are no better than open suctioning systems in terms of mortality, morbidity, or the cost‐benefit ratio. A few studies did indicate that the closed suctioning system might reduce the loss of lung volume and oxygen desaturation.Conclusion:  The studies reviewed in this article suggest that the evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of closed suctioning systems is inconclusive. Only limited populations will benefit clinically from the use of this device. There is a need for further studies with randomized controlled trials to explore the use of closed suction systems and to update current clinical practise guidelines.
Predicting Erectile Function Recovery after Bilateral Nerve Sparing Radical Prostatectomy: A Proposal of a Novel Preoperative Risk Stratification
Authors: Briganti Alberto , Gallina Andrea , Suardi Nazareno , Capitanio Umberto , Tutolo Manuela , Bianchi Marco , Passoni Niccolò , Salonia Andrea , Colombo Renzo , Di Girolamo Valerio , Guazzoni Giorgio , Rigatti Patrizio , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
No multivariable model is currently available for the prediction of erectile function (EF) recovery after bilateral nerve sparing radical prostatectomy (BNSRP).

Aim
The aim of this study was to develop a novel preoperative risk stratification aimed at assessing the probability of EF recovery after BNSRP.

Main Outcome Measure
The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used to evaluate EF after BNSRP.

Methods
This study included 435 patients treated with retropubic BNSRP between 2004 and 2008 at a single Institution. Preoperative data, including age, IIEF, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and body mass index (BMI) were available for all patients. Moreover, all patients were assessed postoperatively every 3 months and were asked to complete the IIEF during each visit. Cox regression models tested the association between preoperative predictors (age at surgery, preoperative IIEF-EF domain score, CCI, BMI) and EF recovery. Independent predictors of EF recovery were then used to stratify patients into three groups according to the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) after surgery: low (age ≤ 65 years, IIEF-EF ≥ 26, CCI ≤ 1; n=184), intermediate (age 66–69 years or IIEF-EF 11-25,CCI ≤ 1; n=115), and high (age ≥ 70 years or IIEF-EF ≤ 10 or CCI ≥ 2; n=136). Kaplan-Meier curves assessed the time to EF recovery (defined as IIEF-EF score ≥ 22). Predictive accuracy of our proposed classification was quantified using the AUC method.

Results
Of 435 patients, 242 (55.6%) received phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-I) either on demand or every day for a period of 3–6 months. Overall, EF recovery rate was 58% at 3-year follow-up. Patients treated with PDE5-I had significantly higher 3-year EF recovery rate as compared with patients left untreated after surgery (73 vs. 37%; P &lt;0.001). Except for BMI (P = 0.7), all preoperative covariates showed a significant association with EF recovery (all P ≤ 0.04). The 3-year EF recovery rate significantly differed between the three groups, being 85, 59, and 37% in patients with low, intermediate, and high risk of postoperative ED, respectively (P &lt;0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis confirmed a highly significant association between the risk classification and EF recovery (P &lt;0.001). The proposed patient stratification tool showed a 69.1% accuracy. Similar results were achieved when patients were stratified according to the use of ED treatment after surgery (all P &lt;0.001).

Conclusions
We report the first preoperative risk stratification tool aimed at assessing the probability of EF recovery after BNSRP. It is based on routinely available baseline data such as patient age, preoperative erectile function, and comorbidity profile.
Whole life cost performance of domestic rainwater harvesting systems in the United Kingdom
Authors: Roebuck R. M. , Oltean‐Dumbrava C. , Tait S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRainwater harvesting (RWH) can be used to reduce the demand for potable mains water. At the single‐building scale, previous research has focused on water‐saving potential, while financial assessment has either been omitted or considered in an ad hoc manner. This paper reports on the application of a more rigorous financial analysis of domestic RWH systems than had been conducted previously. Whole life costing was selected as the most appropriate financial assessment technique. A total of 3840 domestic system configurations were assessed at a daily time step, taking into account various stakeholder perspectives and future cost scenarios. In each case, it was found that harvesting rainwater was significantly less cost effective than relying solely on mains‐only water. The domestic RWH systems generally resulted in financial losses approximately equal to their capital costs. Without significant financial support, domestic RWH is unlikely to be cost effective for all reasonably foreseeable scenarios.
A Survey of Contemporary Research on Amazonian Languages
Authors: Everett Caleb 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAmazonian languages have long confounded linguists. The languages represent a large number of linguistic families, including Tupí, Jê, Carib and Arawak, and the languages exhibit a wide variety of typologically‐remarkable structural characteristics. Since the inception of the European colonization of Amazonia over four hundred years ago, missionary linguists have attempted to document the languages of the region. It is only relatively recently, however, that a large number of linguists at academic institutions have undertaken in‐depth field research in the region. The author examines the current state of Amazonian linguistics. The history of language research in the region is first outlined, though the majority of attention is devoted to surveying significant field research that has been undertaken in the last decade. Some recent studies on morphology, syntax, phonetics, and psycholinguistics are highlighted. The reader’s attention is drawn to trends, related to both the methodology and content of the research. Despite some possible areas for improvement, it is suggested that much of the recent work is of excellent quality, as evidenced by the fact that much of the research in question has drawn attention within linguistics and the cognitive sciences more generally.
Bridging Across Feminist Translation and Sociolinguistics
Authors: Ergun Emek 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article explores the ways in which feminist sociolinguistic studies and feminist translation studies can inform and empower each other in terms of theory, practice, and research. While the discussion of the theoretical intersection between the two fields focuses on the feminist critiques of sexist language from the larger perspective of language philosophy, the second part on how the fields intersect with each other on a pragmatic level is more specific and focuses on the critique of the so‐called “generic” masculine nouns and pronouns, illustrated through multiple examples. The third part argues that both fields would benefit from a research‐based cooperation and discusses on what kinds of topics such a co‐supportive relationship can be built. By presenting an overview of the theoretical, practical, and empirical interconnections between the two fields, the essay aims not only to expand related scholars' interdisciplinary understandings of gender dynamics with regard to language and translation, but also to provide them with a springboard to initiate cross‐disciplinary dialogues.