bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of comorbidities on prostate cancer‐specific mortality: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Tiruye Tenaw , Roder David , FitzGerald Liesel M. , O'Callaghan Michael , Moretti Kim , Caughey Gillian E. , Beckmann Kerri 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of comorbidities on prostate cancer mortality.MethodsWe studied 15,695 South Australian men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2003 and 2019 from state‐wide administrative linked data sets. Comorbidity was measured 1‐year before prostate cancer diagnosis using Rx‐Risk, a medication‐based comorbidity index. Flexible parametric competing risk regression was used to estimate the independent association between comorbidities and prostate cancer‐specific mortality. Specific common comorbidities within Rx‐Risk (cardiac disorders, diabetes, chronic airway diseases, depression and anxiety, thrombosis, and pain) were also assessed to determine their association with mortality. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables, tumor characteristics, and treatment type.ResultsProstate cancer‐specific mortality was higher for patients with a Rx‐Risk score ≥3 versus 0 (adjusted sub‐hazard ratio (sHR) 1.34, 95% CI: 1.15–1.56). Lower comorbidity scores (Rx‐Risk score 2 vs. 0 and Rx‐Risk score 1 vs. 0) were not significantly associated with prostate cancer‐specific mortality. Men who were using medications for cardiac disorders (sHR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13–1.52), chronic airway disease (sHR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01–1.44), depression and anxiety (sHR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02–1.35), and thrombosis (sHR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.42) were at increased risk of dying from prostate cancer compared with men not on those medications. Use of medications for diabetes and chronic pain were not associated with prostate cancer‐specific mortality. All Rx‐Risk score categories and the specific comorbidities were also associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality.ConclusionThe findings showed that ≥3 comorbid conditions and specific comorbidities including cardiac disease, chronic airway disease, depression and anxiety, and thrombosis were associated with poor prostate cancer‐specific survival. Appropriate management of these comorbidities may help to improve survival in prostate cancer patients.
Diagnosis and management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in sickle cell disease: A review
Authors: Hersi Kadija , Ramani Gautam V. , Law Jennie Y. , Sadek Ahmed S. , Vaidya Anjali , Gladwin Mark T. , Cassady Steven J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease (SCD) is a complex phenomenon resulting from multiple overlapping etiologies, including pulmonary vasoconstriction in the setting of chronic hemolytic anemia, diastolic dysfunction, and chronic thromboembolic disease. The presence of pulmonary hypertension of any cause in SCD confers a significant increase in mortality risk. Evidence to guide the management of patients with sickle cell disease and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is scant and largely the realm of case reports and small case series. Centered on a discussion of a complex young patient with hemoglobin hemoglobin SC who ultimately underwent treatment with pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, we review the available literature to guide management and discuss and overview of treatment of CTEPH in SCD, considering the unique considerations and challenges facing patients suffering from this multisystem disease.
Flux‐gradient relations and their dependence on turbulence anisotropy
Authors: Mosso Samuele , Calaf Marc , Stiperski Ivana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMonin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) is used in virtually all Earth System Models to parametrize the near‐surface turbulent exchanges and mean variable profiles. Despite its widespread use, there is high uncertainty in the literature about the appropriate parametrizations to use. In addition, MOST has limitations in very stable and unstable regimes, over heterogeneous terrain and complex orography, and has been found to represent the surface fluxes incorrectly. A new approach including turbulence anisotropy as a non‐dimensional scaling parameter has recently been developed and has been shown to overcome these limitations and generalize the flux‐variance relations to complex terrain. In this article, we analyze the flux‐gradient relations for five well‐known datasets, ranging from flat and homogeneous to slightly complex terrain. The scaling relations show substantial scatter and highlight the uncertainty in the choice of parametrization even over canonical conditions. We show that, by including information on turbulence anisotropy as an additional scaling parameter, the original scatter becomes well bounded and new formulations can be developed that drastically improve the accuracy of the flux‐gradient relations for wind shear () in unstable conditions and for temperature gradient () in both unstable and stable regimes. This analysis shows that both and are strongly dependent on turbulence anisotropy and allows us finally to settle the extensively discussed free convection regime for , which clearly exhibits a power law when anisotropy is accounted for. Furthermore, we show that the eddy diffusivities for momentum and heat and the turbulent Prandtl number are strongly dependent on anisotropy and that the latter goes to zero in the free convection limit. These results highlight the necessity to include anisotropy in the study of near‐surface atmospheric turbulence and lead the way for theoretically more robust simulations of the boundary layer over complex terrain.
Research on double resonant excitation in a triangular electrode ion trap with asymmetric geometry
Authors: Zhu Huijun , Xu Kai , Qiu Junwei , Yao Rujiao , Zhang Shuo , Lu Xinxin , Li Xiaoxu 
Published: May 2024

RationaleThe triangular electrode linear ion trap with asymmetric geometry has been reported to possess a high ion unidirectional ejection efficiency and a reasonable mass resolution. To further improve its performance, a double resonant excitation method involving a dipolar and a quadrupolar resonant excitation was applied here.MethodsThe dipolar excitation method was carried out by applying a supplementary alternating voltage out of phase to one pair of the electrodes, whereas the quadrupolar excitation (QE) method was carried out by adding a supplementary alternating voltage in phase to another pair of electrodes. Numerical simulations were performed to explore the impact of the frequency difference between the alternating current (AC) and the QE voltage (∆ω), the frequency of the AC voltage (ωAC), and the QE voltage amplitude (VQE).ResultsThe mass resolution could be improved to ~4700 , which was approximately twice compared to that with only dipolar resonant excitation, and the ion unidirectional ejection efficiency could be improved to 97%. Even with a high scan rate of 6000 Da/s, there was minimal loss of mass resolution caused by increased scan rate in double resonant excitation mode.ConclusionsBy employing the double resonant excitation method, the mass resolution could be further increased while maintaining a considerably high ion unidirectional ejection efficiency, which might be a simple and practical approach for developing a high‐performance miniature ion trap mass analyzer.
Stability analysis and integral extension of sub‐optimal nonlinear damping control
Authors: Efimov Denis , Ruderman Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe problems of robustness with respect to external inputs and of convergence rate estimation are considered for the so‐called sub‐optimal nonlinear damping control. To this end, existence of solutions is justified, a strict Lyapunov function is found and its properties are investigated. The hyperexponential convergence of the unperturbed sub‐optimal nonlinear damping control is demonstrated. Moreover, an integral extension is proposed to complement the controller with capability of compensation for static errors. The results are illustrated by numeric simulations and the control experiments.
Passage through a fishway entrance at different velocities—results from flume experiments with small non‐salmonids
Authors: Schütz Cornelia , Czerny Rebekka , Herbst Marcus , Henning Martin , Pitsch Matthias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA challenge in the design of fishways especially for large rivers is the trade‐off between attraction and passability of the entrance. High flow velocities in the entrance slot generate a strong attraction flow and tend to have better attraction efficiency for upstream migration. However, these velocities may also prevent small‐bodied species or juvenile fish from entering the fishway. With our experiment, we reproduced fish swimming behaviour and passage of a fishway entrance for small‐bodied fish under realistic hydraulic conditions. At an entrance slot with 0.4 m width four velocities 0.8, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 ms−1 were investigated. In total, 326 juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758)), gudgeons (Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758)) and spirlins (Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782)) were tested. The passage rates of the three tested species were altogether higher than would have been predicted from reported swimming capacities. They increased from gudgeons to roach and (significantly) to spirlins and we could show how passage rates of the three species decreased with increasing flow velocities, suggesting species‐specific critical slot velocities. Still, these velocities are lower than those currently proposed to generate sufficient attraction flow, which may have implications for fishway design.
Tumor Microenvironment Specific Regulation Ca‐Fe‐Nanospheres for Ferroptosis‐Promoted Domino Synergistic Therapy and Tumor Immune Response
Authors: Chu Xu , Hou Hua‐Ying , Duan Meng‐Die , Zhang Yu‐Juan , Zhu Yu‐Ying , Liu Yi , Li Shu‐Lan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated emerging treatments exhibit unique advantages in cancer therapy in recent years. While the efficacy of ROS‐involved tumor therapy is greatly restricted by complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a dual‐metal CaO2@CDs‐Fe (CCF) nanosphere, with TME response and regulation capabilities, are proposed to improve ROS lethal power by a multiple cascade synergistic therapeutic strategy with domino effect. In response to weak acidic TME, CCF will decompose, accompanied with intracellular Ca2+ upregulated and abundant H2O2 and O2 produced to reverse antitherapeutic TME. Then the exposed CF cores can act as both Fenton agent and sonosensitizer to generate excessive ROS in the regulated TME for enhanced synergistic CDT/SDT. In combination with calcium overloading, the augmented ROS induced oxidative stress will cause more severe mitochondrial damage and cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, CCF can also reduce GPX4 expression and enlarge the lipid peroxidation, causing ferroptosis and apoptosis in parallel. These signals of damage will finally initiate damage‐associated molecular patterns to activate immune response and to realize excellent antitumor effect. This outstanding domino ROS/calcium loading synergistic effect endows CCF with excellent anticancer effect to efficiently eliminate tumor by apoptosis/ferroptosis/ICD both in vitro and in vivo.
High Safety Electrolyte Design for Enabling High Energy‐Density System of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//Phosphorus by Simultaneously Adjusting Dual Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces
Authors: Fang Siyu , Han Chengyu , Zhang Shaojie , Cao Yu , Ma Kang , Zhang Yiming , Han Xinpeng , Wang Juan , Sun Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe demand for state‐of‐the‐art high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries is increasing. However, the low specific capacity of electrode materials in conventional full‐cell systems cannot meet the requirements. Ni‐rich layered oxide cathodes such as Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 (NCM811) have a high theoretical specific capacity of 200 mAh g−1, but it is always accompanied by side reactions on the electrode/electrolyte interface. Phosphorus anode possesses a high theoretical specific capacity of 2596 mAh g−1, but it has a huge volume expansion (≈300%). Herein, a highly compatible and secure electrolyte is reported via introducing an additive with a narrow electrochemical window, Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB), into 1 m LiPF6 EC/DMC with tris (2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFEP) as a cosolvent. LiDFOB participates in the formation of organic/inorganic hybrid electrode/electrolyte interface layers at both the cathode and anode sides. The side reactions on the surface of the NCM811 cathode and the volume expansion of the phosphorus anode are effectively alleviated. The NCM811//RP full cell in this electrolyte shows high capacity retention of 82% after 150 cycles at a 0.5C rate. Meanwhile, the electrolyte shows non‐flammability. This work highlights the importance of manipulating the electrode/electrolyte interface layers for the design of lithium‐ion batteries with high energy density.
Sulfur Modified Carbon‐Based Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Li Yinqi , Wei Zihao , Sun Zhiyi , Zhai Huazhang , Li Shenghua , Chen Wenxing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEfficient and sustainable energy development is a powerful tool for addressing the energy and environmental crises. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have received high attention for their extremely high atom utilization efficiency and excellent catalytic activity, and have broad application prospects in energy development and chemical production. M‐N4 is an active center model with clear catalytic activity, but its catalytic properties such as catalytic activity, selectivity, and durability need to be further improved. Adjustment of the coordination environment of the central metal by incorporating heteroatoms (e.g., sulfur) is an effective and feasible modification method. This paper describes the precise synthetic methods for introducing sulfur atoms into M‐N4 and controlling whether they are directly coordinated with the central metal to form a specific coordination configuration, the application of sulfur‐doped carbon‐based single‐atom catalysts in electrocatalytic reactions such as ORR, CO2RR, HER, OER, and other electrocatalytic reaction are systematically reviewed. Meanwhile, the effect of the tuning of the electronic structure and ligand configuration parameters of the active center due to doped sulfur atoms with the improvement of catalytic performance is introduced by combining different characterization and testing methods. Finally, several opinions on development of sulfur‐doped carbon‐based SACs are put forward.
An approach for serious game design and development based on iterative evaluation
Authors: Ben Amara Besma , Mhiri Sellami Hedia , Ben Said Lamjed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSerious games (SGs) are valuable tools for learning, training, and improving skills in various domains because they engage and motivate players to achieve planned processes to reach objectives. Several works provided methods, models, and frameworks to support SG development. However, designers, developers, teachers, and researchers face challenges in creating SG with entertainment and learning balance, and many designed games still do not fulfill the main intended objectives. This paper introduces an approach, called SGDA‐IE with phases and steps to follow during the entire SG design process. It was built on literature review and SG design challenges designers need to consider from the early stages when creating SG. The proposed approach is founded on three perspectives: software engineering best practices, video game industry practices, and SG success factors and provides means to overcome the investigated design challenges. These are characteristics taxonomy model, requirements specification approach, and artifacts iterative evaluation by designer, domain expert, and players. To assess our approach efficacy, we conceived a health, safety, and environment (HSE) training SG for workers on fuel storage sites and petroleum installations. The feedback received is positive and indicates a favorable specification method of the SG, effective participatory design, and control over requirements evolution. The SG playtesting reveals a significant involvement of participants and efficient tracking of the knowledge acquisition.
Phase‐Stabilized Nickel–Molybdenum Electrocatalyst by Samarium Doping for Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Wang Aoqi , Chen Jun , An Xiurui , Chi Haibo , Yao Tingting , Li Can 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough the nickel–molybdenum electrocatalyst exhibits excellent activity in the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), its stability is poor mainly due to molybdenum leaching. This work reports that doping samarium into nickel–molybdenum electrocatalyst effectively suppresses molybdenum leaching by forming a stable phase consisting of Sm, Mo, and O elements. The resulting electrode displays no noticeable activity degradation during the long‐term testing (> 850 h) under a current density of 500 mA cm−2 in 1 м KOH. This enhanced stability is ascribed to the formation of a robust phase within the HER potential windows in alkaline electrolytes, as evidenced by the Pourbaix diagram. Furthermore, the samarium‐modified electrocatalyst exhibits increased activity, with the overpotential decreasing by ≈59 mV from 159 to 100 mV at 500 mA cm−2 compared to the unmodified counterpart. These remarkable properties stem from samarium doping, which not only facilitates the formation of a stable phase to inhibit molybdenum leaching but also adjusts the electronic properties of molybdenum to enhance water dissociation.
Conceptual contamination: Investigating the impact of misinformation on conceptual change and inoculation strategies
Authors: Danielson Robert W. , Heddy Benjamin C. , Ramazan Onur , Jin Gan , Gill Kanvarbir S. , Berry Danielle N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMisinformation has been extensively studied as both maliciously intended propaganda and accidentally experienced incorrect assumptions. We contend that “conceptual contamination” is the process by which the learning of incorrect information interferes, pollutes, or otherwise disrupts the learning of correct information. This is similar to a medical model of disease transmission wherein misinformation travels from person to person via multiple methods. And just as we can inoculate the public against diseases like smallpox or measles, we suggest this same approach (providing refutations to misconceptions that individuals may not have read yet) can inoculate the public from misconceptions. We sought to examine whether we could inoculate against misconceptions, and if so, would a refutation text outperform a more traditional expository text. We also sought to examine the role of emotions and attitudes. We randomly assigned 152 undergraduate students to one of four experimental conditions comparing both text type (refutation vs. expository) and text order (misconception first or second) on their ability to overcome misconceptions. Our findings indicate that reading refutation texts led to significantly fewer misconceptions and reduced negative emotions. We also illustrate that the prevailing approach to countering misinformation—providing expository support after exposure to misinformation—performed the worst overall. Our findings suggest that refutation texts continue to provide significant reductions in misconceptions, and that overall misconceptions can be reduced regardless of text type, if the correct information can precede misinformation.
Physiological, molecular, and environmental insights into plant nitrogen uptake, and metabolism under abiotic stresses
Authors: Akhtar Kashif , Ain Noor ul , Prasad P. V. Vara , Naz Misbah , Aslam Mehtab Muhammad , Djalovic Ivica , Riaz Muhammad , Ahmad Shakeel , Varshney Rajeev K. , He Bing , Wen Ronghui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N) as an inorganic macronutrient is inevitable for plant growth, development, and biomass production. Many external factors and stresses, such as acidity, alkalinity, salinity, temperature, oxygen, and rainfall, affect N uptake and metabolism in plants. The uptake of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in plants mainly depends on soil properties. Under the sufficient availability of NO3− (>1 mM), low‐affinity transport system is activated by gene network NRT1, and under low NO3− availability (<1 mM), high‐affinity transport system starts functioning encoded by NRT2 family of genes. Further, under limited N supply due to edaphic and climatic factors, higher expression of the AtNRT2.4 and AtNRT2.5T genes of the NRT2 family occur and are considered as N remobilizing genes. The NH4+ ion is the final form of N assimilated by cells mediated through the key enzymes glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. The WRKY1 is a major transcription factor of the N regulation network in plants. However, the transcriptome and metabolite profiles show variations in N assimilation metabolites, including glycine, glutamine, and aspartate, under abiotic stresses. The overexpression of NO3− transporters (OsNRT2.3a and OsNRT1.1b) can significantly improve the biomass and yield of various crops. Altering the expression levels of genes could be a valuable tool to improve N metabolism under the challenging conditions of soil and environment, such as unfavorable temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient stress.
Tumour or haemorrhage?: Differential diagnosis of an unknown mass within the brain of a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) using a novel imaging pipeline
Authors: Vasquez Tatiana , Gignac Paul M. , Brewer Peter , Gold Maria Eugenia Leone 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report on a previously healthy zoo specimen of an adult budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus, obtained with permission from Southwick's Zoo) found deceased in its enclosure. To assess cause of death and ensure the absence of an infectious neoplasia, we used an integrated multiscale brain‐imaging workflow, previously only used on mammals. The specimen was imaged with microcomputed tomography before and after enhancing soft‐tissue contrast with diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced microcomputed tomography. Scans revealed an orbital blowout fracture and an unidentified large mass across majority of the diencephalon, striatum and midbrain caudal to the right orbit. After destaining, neural pathohistology confirmed the mass as a brain haemorrhage with no evidence of neoplasia or inflammation. We conclude that this specimen died of head trauma, likely from a head‐on collision within its enclosure. This multiscale imaging workflow (diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced microcomputed tomography followed by destaining and pathohistology) can improve our evaluation of differential diagnoses in avian specimens.
Computed tomography angiographic findings following gradual occlusion of the dorsal sagittal sinus for definitive excision of a caudal calvarial multilobular tumour of bone in a dog
Authors: Moore Vaughan W. , Lam Richard , Bennett Tristram 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultilobular tumour of bone is a rare, slow growing, locally aggressive malignancy in dogs. Surgical resection of the primary tumour is currently the recommended treatment for local disease control. Wide or definitive extent excision to obtain a histologically complete excision is ideal when possible; however, wide excision can be challenging for caudally located calvarial tumours in which the excision will include removal of the confluence of the two transverse sinuses and dorsal sagittal sinus. Acute sacrifice to the dorsal sagittal sinus has the potential for fatal cerebral oedema. To manage this risk, gradual occlusion of the dorsal sagittal sinus before wide excision of caudally located multilobular tumour of bones has been successfully reported in two patients. The current case report documents another successfully managed case with this technique, and includes the computed tomography angiographic findings during the gradual occlusion process.