bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ameliorated localization algorithm for compensating stratification effect based on improved underwater salp swarm optimization technique
Authors: Yadav Nishi , Mohan Khilar Pabitra , Sharma Suraj 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe underwater acoustic sensor network is a fundamental source for ocean exploration. The potential applications of underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) include seismic imaging, disaster prevention, mine reconnaissance, pollution monitoring, exploration of natural resources, and military surveillance. To acquire accurate results, implementing all applications of underwater sensor networks requires an adequate network connection and communication technology. The precise placement of underwater sensor nodes needs to be identified in order to achieve effective communication. To accomplish the requirement, the paper presents an efficient localization algorithm to compensate the stratification effect based on an improved underwater salp swarm optimization technique (LAS‐IUSSOT). To compute the location of sensor nodes with high accuracy, the nodes are initially randomly deployed in three‐dimensional underwater acoustic sensor network (3D‐UASN). After that, the hybridization of centroid‐based localization and the ray theory technique is used, and then, the degree of coplanarity is analyzed among the underwater sensor nodes. Then, the computation of the location of unknown nodes is performed using improved underwater salp swarm optimization technique (IUSSOT) to obtain the optimized location and compensate the impact of the stratification. The comparison of the simulation results of the existing algorithm and the proposed algorithm is performed. The LAS‐IUSSOT achieves 40.46% and 28.00% accuracy in terms of localization of underwater sensor nodes for both the sparse and dense regions in 3D‐UASN. The LAS‐IUSSOT achieves 49.39% and 62.57% accuracy in terms of ranging of underwater sensor nodes for both the sparse and dense regions in 3D‐UASN. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithm in terms of localization and ranging accuracy in both sparse and dense regions in 3D‐UASN, root mean square error (RMSE), normalized localization error (NLE), computation time, and convergence rate.
Cost‐effectiveness of temperature monitoring to help prevent foot ulcer recurrence in people with diabetes: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Van Netten Jaap J. , Aan De Stegge Wouter B. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Bus Sicco A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsDiabetes‐related foot ulcers are common, costly, and frequently recur. Multiple interventions help prevent these ulcers. However, none of these have been prospectively investigated for cost‐effectiveness. Our aim was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of at‐home skin temperature monitoring to help prevent diabetes‐related foot ulcer recurrence.Materials and MethodsMulticenter randomized controlled trial. We randomized 304 persons at high diabetes‐related foot ulcer risk to either usual foot care plus daily at‐home foot skin temperature monitoring (intervention) or usual care alone (control). Primary outcome was cost‐effectiveness based on foot care costs and quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) during 18 months follow‐up. Foot care costs included costs for ulcer prevention (e.g., footwear, podiatry) and for ulcer treatment when required (e.g., consultation, hospitalisation, amputation). Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were calculated for intervention versus usual care using probabilistic sensitivity analysis for willingness‐to‐pay/accept levels up to €100,000.ResultsThe intervention had a 45% probability of being cost‐effective at a willingness‐to‐accept of €50,000 per QALY lost. This resulted from (non‐significantly) lower foot care costs in the intervention group (€6067 vs. €7376; p = 0.45) because of (significantly) fewer participants with ulcer recurrence(s) in 18 months (36% vs. 47%; p = 0.045); however, QALYs were (non‐significantly) lower in the intervention group (1.09 vs. 1.12; p = 0.35), especially in those without foot ulcer recurrence (1.09 vs. 1.17; p = 0.10).ConclusionsAt‐home skin temperature monitoring for diabetes‐related foot ulcer prevention compared with usual care is at best equally cost‐effective. The intervention resulted in cost‐savings due to preventing foot ulcer recurrence and related costs, but this came at the expense of QALY loss, potentially from self‐monitoring burdens.
Diaminomaleonitrile – Mono‐, Di‐ …and Tetraprotonation?!
Authors: Nitzer Alexander , Manhart Pauline , Jessen Christoph , Kornath Andreas J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe successful mono‐ and diprotonation of DAMN showed the first site of protonation to be an amino group, while the second protonation occurs at a nitrile group. The prepared salts were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Under strong superacidic conditions and with sufficient time cyclization of two (di)protonated molecules of DAMN is observed, yielding a tetracationic pyrazine species. Quantum chemical calculations are employed to explain reactivity and properties of compounds shown in the manuscript.
Total Synthesis of the Naturally Occurring Cyclic Tetrapeptide JM‐47and Analogues through Late‐Stage Functionalization of a Common Scaffold
Authors: Ghosh Rajat , Chattopadhyay Shital K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA unified approach to access the naturally occurring cyclic tetrapeptide JM‐47 and some of its structural variants from a common macrocyclic scaffold has been developed. The key reactions involved a difficult macrocyclization to access the scaffold, and its late‐stage diversification by cross‐metathesis to access the natural product as well as analogues. The synthesis proceeded in good overall yield and high stereochemical integrity. It also confirms the structure and configuration assigned to JM‐47.
2‐Methylene‐1,2‐dihydropyridines (2‐pyNHOs): Highly Nucleophilic Enamines
Authors: Behnke Annika , Eitzinger Andreas , He Yijie , Antoni Patrick W. , Ofial Armin R. , Hansmann Max M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe high reactivity of 2‐methylene‐1,2‐dihydropyridines also known as 2‐methylpyridinium derived N‐heterocyclic olefins (2‐pyNHOs) has been recognized in organic synthesis, yet a quantification of their nucleophilicity is lacking. Herein we used stopped‐flow photometry to determine the nucleophilicity of a series of 2‐pyNHOs from the kinetics of their reactions with quinone methides and benzhydrylium ions as reference electrophiles in four organic solvents at 20 °C. The kinetic data was evaluated by using the Mayr‐Patz equation, lg k(20 °C)=sN(N+E), which gave nucleophilicity parameters N (and sN). With N in the range of 19.4–21.2 (in DMSO), 2‐pyNHOs exceed the reactivity of classical enamines, such as pyrrolidino‐cyclopent‐1‐ene. The addition of 2‐pyNHOs to quinone methides resulted in the formation of zwitterionic adducts with pyridinium and phenolate moieties. Subsequent tautomerization yielded entirely neutral pyridine‐2(1H)‐ylidene‐phenol species in several cases. Formation of the zwitterionic adducts from 2‐pyNHOs and neutral electrophiles was almost equally fast in the polar solvents acetonitrile and DMSO, but proceeded one to two orders of magnitude slower in the less polar solvents dichloromethane or THF.
Full‐scale measurements of thunderstorm outflows in the Northern Mediterranean
Authors: Canepa F. , Repetto M. P. , Burlando M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDownbursts are severe wind systems originating from thunderstorm clouds, and their strong horizontal outflows can pose serious hazards to natural and built environments. In the context of the activities of the European project THUNDERR—Detection, simulation, modelling and loading of thunderstorm outflows to design wind‐safer and cost‐efficient structures—a comprehensive database of full‐scale downburst measurements was built. All records were acquired by bi‐ or tri‐axial ultrasonic anemometers installed in the main ports of the High Tyrrhenian Sea, namely Genova, Livorno and La Spezia, within the European projects ‘Wind and Ports’ and ‘Wind, Ports and Sea’. The very limited space and time structure of downburst outflows makes the available records in nature inadequate for developing models that could be used in the atmospheric science and engineering communities. The database described herein represents a step forward in attempting to fill this gap. The downburst nature of all events contained in the dataset was verified through detailed meteorological analyses, including comparisons with radar and satellite images and lightning recordings. The wind speed records associated with the events detected by the anemometric network are made publicly available through the online repository Zenodo and can be reused for multiple purposes. The dataset is expected to convey an important impulse towards the physical characterization and modelling of downburst winds and their codification into design tools for the assessment of wind loading and its effects on structures and infrastructure. Furthermore, it could serve as a promising, essential tool for researchers and risk‐related insurance companies.
“WOOP is my safe haven”: A qualitative feasibility and acceptability study of the Wish Outcome Obstacle Plan (WOOP) intervention for spouses of people living with early‐stage dementia
Authors: Mroz Emily L. , Schwartz Anna E. , Valeika Sarah , Oettingen Gabriele , Marottoli Richard , David Daniel , Hagaman Ashley , Fedus Donna , Monin Joan K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesAs symptoms emerge and worsen in people living with dementia, their spouses can benefit from behavioral interventions to support their adjustment as a care partner. The Wish Outcome Obstacle Plan (WOOP) intervention improves the well‐being of spouses of people living with dementia early in the disease course, but intervention mechanisms and opportunities for improvement are unclear. The present study gave voice to spouses who participated in a trial of WOOP, describing how WOOP was incorporated into their lives and how it could be improved for future implementation.MethodFor this qualitative study, we conducted longitudinal semi‐structured interviews among 21 spouses of people living with dementia (three interviews over three months; 63 interviews total). Codebook thematic analysis was performed.ResultsThree meta‐themes were derived: (1) assessing baseline strengths and limitations of WOOP, (2) learning from experience, and (3) fine‐tuning and sustaining WOOP. Participants described how WOOP addressed their interpersonal and emotional stressors, their responses to behaviors of the person living with dementia, and their relationship quality. Considerations for future intervention delivery (e.g., solo vs. in group settings) and instructions (e.g., encouraging writing vs. thinking through the four steps of WOOP) were identified as areas of improvement.ConclusionsWOOP was described as a practical, feasible, and desirable intervention for spouses at the early stages of their partner's dementia. Participants made WOOP easier to incorporate in their everyday lives by adapting the design into a mental exercise that they used as needed. Suggestions from participants specified how to make the everyday use of WOOP more feasible, sustainable, and applicable in a variety of contexts.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov HIC 2000021852.
Evaluation of anterolateral ligament healing in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and its relationship with clinical examination tests
Authors: Ateş Okan , Oğul Ahsen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study radiologically investigated the potential of preoperative recovery of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) in patients who did not undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery in the early stages despite surgical indication. The secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between ALL injuries in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the results of Lachman and pivot shift tests performed preoperatively and postoperatively under anaesthesia among patients who underwent ACLR in acute and chronic stages.MethodsThe study examined 100 patients aged 19–51 years who underwent anatomic single bundle ACLR using hamstring autografts for the ACL. Based on the time between the injury and ACLR, they were divided into acute (≤6 months) and chronic (>6 months) groups. The chronic group had three subgroups of ACLR times: 7–12, 13–24 and >24 months. Complete recovery was defined as a change from grade B or C upon injury to grade A before surgery according to the Muramatsu MRI classification. The relationship between preoperative and postoperative Lachman grades and pivot shifting test results and the degree of ALL injury was evaluated.ResultsIn the chronic group, 19/61 patients (31.1%) had preoperative grade A, and 4/61 patients (6.5%) had grade A at the time of injury. In the acute group, 22/29 patients with grades B and C (76%) had grade 3 preoperative pivot shifting. In the acute group, grades 1 and 2 were more common in patients with grades B and C (10/29, 35%) than grade A (0/10, 0.0%).ConclusionThe improvement rate was 24.6% among patients who did not receive ACLR in the acute phase and underwent ACLR in the chronic phase. In the acute group, the degree of ALL damage was related to the pivot shift results. However, the results in the chronic phase were not associated with the degree of injury.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
High incidence of RAMP lesions and a nonnegligible incidence of anterolateral ligament and posterior oblique ligament rupture in acute ACL injury
Authors: D'Ambrosi Riccardo , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Albano Domenico , Messina Carmelo , Mangiavini Laura , Ursino Nicola , Rinaldi Simone , Zanirato Andrea , Tagliafico Alberto , Formica Matteo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of medial collateral ligament (MCL), posterior oblique ligament (POL) and anterolateral ligament (ALL) tears and different types of RAMP lesions of patients with verified acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsMRI was performed on patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute ACL injury. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had an initially clinically noted ACL tear confirmed on MRI within 30 days of trauma.ResultsA total of 146 patients were included in the study, 42 (28.8%) females and 104 (71.2%) males. The mean age at MRI was 27.2 ± 9.4 years, and the mean time from injury to MRI was 15.7 ± 7.8 days. Thirty‐four (23.3%) patients had a complete MCL lesion, 32 (21.9%) had a complete POL lesion and 28 (19.2%) had a complete ALL lesion. One hundred and fourteen patients (78.1%) presented with RAMP lesions, while 20 (13.7%) patients reported other meniscal lesions. The mean medial and lateral tibial slopes were 4.0° ± 2.7° and 4.0° ± 3.1°, respectively. Only 10 (6.8%) patients reported no lesions associated with ACL rupture. The most common injuries were isolated RAMP type 3 (18–12.3%) and isolated RAMP type 1 (17–11.6%). Thirteen (8.9%) patients had a combination of MCL, POL and ALL rupture.ConclusionsIsolated lesions of the ACL are extremely rare. In most cases, a single RAMP lesion should be investigated. In the presence of MCL injury, POL injury should always be suspected as well, while nearly 20% of patients present a rupture of the ALL. About one in 10 patients had three lesions (MCL, ALL and POL), and most of them had a combined RAMP lesion.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Patient authorship of medical research publications: An evolution, revolution, and solution?
Authors: Woolley Karen L. , Stones Simon R. , Stephens Richard , Bharadia Trishna , Yamamoto Beverley , Geissler Jan , Yang Bella , Oliver Jacqui , Boughey Amanda , Elliott Catherine , Dormer Laura , Walker Joanne , Lobban Dawn 
Published: April 2024

Key points
Patient authorship is a new topic in medical publishing, with the number of patient‐authored publications growing rapidly.
Publication stakeholders (e.g., editors, publishers, funders, researchers) should be aware of the legitimacy of patient authorship.
Practical actions can be taken by different publication stakeholders to encourage and support patient authorship—ethically and effectively.
Patient authorship can contribute to enhancing diversity, equity, and inclusion in medical publishing.
Research on patient authorship could be strengthened with consensus on publication tagging practices (e.g., affiliation terms) and the use of artificial intelligence.
A plain language summary of this article and the GRIPP2 form for reporting patient involvement are available as supplementary information.
Transformation of Longitudinally Customizable Curved Vector Vortex Beams Using Dielectric Metasurface
Authors: Yang Jingyu , Zhao Ruizhe , Li Yuzhao , Tian Chenyi , Ji Xu , Li Xiaowei , Li Junjie , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the emergence of metasurfaces has brought revolutionary changes to the generation and processing of vortex beams, triggering widespread research interest. Meanwhile, the longitudinally varying features of propagating beams provide new design freedom for realizing multi‐dimensional optical manipulation and promote the advancements of related areas such as microscopic detection, microfabrication, and biomedical applications. In addition, self‐accelerating Bessel beams are promising for a wide range of applications such as particle manipulation and medicine due to their nondiffracting, self‐healing as well as obstacle avoidance properties. In this paper, a novel kind of curved transmitted high‐order Bessel beams with longitudinally varying features based on form‐birefringent metasurface, by simultaneously manipulating the phase profiles of output orthogonal polarization components is demonstrated. Multiple dimensions of the beam, including the propagation trajectory, polarization state, and orbital angular momentum, can be tailored arbitrarily. For verifying the feasibility of the demonstrated method, two samples with different propagation trajectories, as well as different variations of orbital angular momentum, are designed and experimentally demonstrated. Such a novel approach can open new doors for the manipulation of vortex beams and can be used for depth sensing and distance measurement in complex environments.
Bipolare Elektrochemie für die Schule
Authors: Quarthal Dominik , Oetken Marco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSie ist wichtig für Brennstoffzellen und (Redoxfluss‐)Batterien: die bipolare Elektrochemie. Chemische Sensoren lassen sich mit bipolaren Elektroden funktionalisieren, Materialien kabellos elektrolytisch herstellen. Die fachlichen Hintergründe sind Schüler:innen allerdings schwierig zu vermitteln – Versuche mit einer Graphitmine helfen.
Bilanz OMV 2023: Das zweitbeste Ergebnis
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDer Förderer und Verarbeiter von Erdöl und ‐gas OMV mit Hauptsitz in Wien hat im Jahr 2023 weniger umgesetzt als im Jahr 2022, aber mehr als in den Jahren davor. Das liegt an den Rohstoffpreisen und der allgemeinen Konjunktur.
Die Macht der Geschichten
Authors: Höhne Martha , Börner Armin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWeite Teile der Öffentlichkeit sehen die Chemie als bösen Gegenspieler zur belebten Natur und zur sympathiebeladenen Biologie. Um das Ansehen der Chemie aufzumotzen, sollten wir uns wieder mehr auf die Narrative der Chemie besinnen: Geschichten erzählen, die Ursprünge der Natur erklären und vor allem positive Emotionen wecken.
Mit Recht gegen den Missbrauch der Chemie
Authors: Münkner Vivica 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeue deutsche Gesetze setzen die Erfahrungen aus 30 Jahren Chemiewaffenübereinkommen um. Sie sollen Proliferationsrisiken senken, also die Gefahr der Weitergabe chemischer Massenvernichtungswaffen, Rechtslücken schließen sowie für klare Zuständigkeiten, Rechte und Pflichten bei Inspektionen sorgen.
Chemie an der Johannes‐Kepler‐Universität
Authors: Brüggemann Oliver , Monkowius Uwe , Klampfl Christian , Hild Sabine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDie Technisch‐Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät (TNF) der Johannes‐Kepler‐Universität (JKU) Linz umfasst fünf Fachbereiche: Mathematik, Physik, Informatik, Mechatronik sowie Chemie und Kunststofftechnik. Der Bereich Chemie ist dabei mit Ausnahme des Instituts für Verfahrenstechnik zur Gänze in den ersten acht Stockwerken des TNF‐Turms untergebracht.
Nachruf: Hans‐Werner Schütt (1937 – 2023)
Authors: Boeck Gisela , Reinhardt Carsten 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAm 11. Oktober 2023 ist Hans‐Werner Schütt gestorben, eine der prägenden Persönlichkeiten der Chemiegeschichte in Deutschland. Er war ein Historiker der Wissenschaften mehrerer Epochen, zahlreicher Disziplinen und verschiedener geographischer Räume.
Estimating stratospheric polar vortex strength using ambient ocean‐generated infrasound and stochastics‐based machine learning
Authors: Vorobeva Ekaterina , Eggen Mari Dahl , Midtfjord Alise Danielle , Benth Fred Espen , Hupe Patrick , Brissaud Quentin , Orsolini Yvan , Näsholm Sven Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere are sparse opportunities for direct measurement of upper stratospheric winds, yet improving their representation in subseasonal‐to‐seasonal prediction models can have significant benefits. There is solid evidence from previous research that global atmospheric infrasound waves are sensitive to stratospheric dynamics. However, there is a lack of results providing a direct mapping between infrasound recordings and polar‐cap upper stratospheric winds. The global International Monitoring System (IMS), which monitors compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty, includes ground‐based stations that can be used to characterize the infrasound soundscape continuously. In this study, multi‐station IMS infrasound data were utilized along with a machine‐learning supported stochastic model, Delay‐SDE‐net, to demonstrate how a near‐real‐time estimate of the polar‐cap averaged zonal wind at 1‐hPa pressure level can be found from infrasound data. The infrasound was filtered to a temporal low‐frequency regime dominated by microbaroms, which are ambient‐noise infrasonic waves continuously radiated into the atmosphere from nonlinear interaction between counter‐propagating ocean surface waves. Delay‐SDE‐net was trained on 5 years (2014–2018) of infrasound data from three stations and the ERA5 reanalysis 1‐hPa polar‐cap averaged zonal wind. Using infrasound in 2019–2020 for validation, we demonstrate a prediction of the polar‐cap averaged zonal wind, with an error standard deviation of around 12 m·s compared with ERA5. These findings highlight the potential of using infrasound data for near‐real‐time measurements of upper stratospheric dynamics. A long‐term goal is to improve high‐top atmospheric model accuracy, which can have significant implications for weather and climate prediction.