bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Active Heave Compensated Cranes for Mobile Offshore Drilling Units
Authors: Seierstad T. , Morawej N. , Ogg J. , Kelley M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Active Heave Compensating (AHC) technology is not new to the industry, but it is a technology not effectively disseminated from an operation's perspective. This paper will discuss migrating well proven AHC technology from cranes on various support vessels to knuckle- boom cranes onboard mobile offshore drilling units (MODU), highlighting present load handling on these units and future applications. A new 165 ton AHC knuckle boom crane will also be examined, as it begins its lifecycle on newbuild drillships of this recent build cycle.
Control Requirements for High-End Automatic MPD Operations
Authors: Godhavn John-Morten 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Automatic control solutions for drilling are expected to become widely used in the future. Both basic and more advanced control tools are well established in other communities like offshore processing facilities and oil refineries. Drilling systems, however, have traditionally been operated manually. There is a great economic potential for the introduction of automatic control providing reduced drilling time, increased regularity and improved performance, especially for wells with very narrow pressure margins. One example of automated drilling is automatic control of the downhole pressure by topside choking in managed pressure drilling (MPD) operations. Narrow drilling margins, especially in depleted reservoirs, ask for highly accurate pressure control.
StatoilHydro applied automatic MPD operations successfully offshore at the Kvitebjorn field in the North Sea in 2007, and several new MPD projects are currently being prepared. This paper presents some results from Kvitebjorn and discusses automatic control requirements for drilling operations. These requirements include a specified accuracy for a set of normal operations, such as rate changes and set point ramping during connections, surge and swab, and some failure operations, such as power loss, gas kicks and blocked choke. The paper also includes some ideas for the future of intelligent drilling operations with increasing automation.
High Angle Directional Drilling With 9 5/8-in. Casing in Offshore Qatar
Authors: Avery Michael , Stephens Tod , Al-Hadad Ali K. , Turki Mounir , Abed Malek 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Programs which require drilling through unstable formations at high angle before entering the productive zone for a horizontal well are becoming more common. Casing while drilling is becoming a powerful method in mitigating both lost circulation as well as wellbore stability issues in offshore directional wells.
Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Ltd. (OPQL) is faced with this task in drilling horizontal Shuaiba wells offshore Qatar. The unstable Nahr Umr shale formation lies directly above the Shuaiba payzone and is typically drilled with 12 ¼-in. bits. The Nahr Umr shale tends to break up shortly after drilling, leading to stuck bottom hole assemblies (BHA) and difficulty running 9 5/8-in. casing. Exposure time with the Nahr Umr is often lengthened due to the requirement of continuous angle building and turning to land near horizontal.
This paper details the directional casing while drilling (DCwD) developments that have been accomplished offshore Qatar and the various advantages of the process. Due to recent advancements in tool design, it is now possible to circulate, rotate, and reciprocate the casing during BHA retrieval and setting operations, all without modifications to the rig. These advantages coupled with the versatility of rotary steerable systems allow for a much more flexible process and enables defensive measures to be taken in the event of unforeseen complications.
Breaking Records in North Kuwait Deep Gas Fields Drilling 16-in. Hole Sections at Greater Depths
Authors: Al-Saeedi Mohammed , Al-Khaldy Meshal , Mahesh V. S. , Jaffar Ali , Brown Anthony , Sharma Maneesh 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Drilling the 16-in. hole section in North Kuwait deep gas fields is particularly challenging due to a lithology consisting of abrasive sandstone, shale, and limestone interbedded with hard siltstone stringers. The 16-in. section typically spuds at depths greater than 9,200 ft and consists of three main intervals. The top interval, the most demanding to drill, consists of mostly abrasive sandstone and shale; the middle consists of shale, and the bottom mostly consists of limestone and thin beds of shale.
The operator attempted to efficiently drill the 16-in. top interval using both roller cone TCI and PDC bit technology. The TCI bits had unacceptably low rates of penetration with short bit life and required multiple runs to finish the required interval. PDC bit technology delivered acceptable penetration rates but inconsistent run lengths due to impact damage from vibration likely induced by the bit, BHA, or lithology changes.
The operator determined that to efficiently drill the top interval in one run and meet performance requirements would require new bit/BHA technology. A cross-functional team was organized to aggressively seek new PDC bit technology, state-of-the-art downhole motors, and optimized drilling practices, which would be capable of consistently drilling the top interval of the 16-in. section in one run.
This paper discusses the several modeling analyses the team performed to develop the BHA/bit solution that greatly reduced lateral and torsional vibrations, in addition to the advanced bit design technology that improved bit stability. It also discusses how the collaborative effort helped the operator to break new records in drilling the most footage ever drilled in the 16-in. top interval. The application of this new technology has thus far increased the drilled footage by 35% and the average interval ROP by 42%, resulting in substantial reduction in drilling cost.
The Structure of Currents in the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Coholan P. D. , Feeney J. W. , Anderson S. P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Three phenomena dominate the mesoscale ocean variability in the Gulf of Mexico. These are the Loop Current, anticyclonic (warm core) eddies, and cyclonic (cold core) eddies. When the offshore oil industry ventured out into the deepwater Gulf in the 1980s, little was known about the adverse impact these features would have on offshore operations. In the early years, it was apparent that the Loop Current regularly shed anticyclonic eddies that drifted west across the Gulf. Original analysis and models assumed that these eddies have simple elliptical shapes and that they could be sufficiently described with a few geometric parameters. Observations, however, have proven that this is not the case. Each eddy is unique, varying in shape, structure, duration, movement, and intensity. Cyclonic eddies, which were generally ignored early on, have recently been found to play a significant role in the changing dynamics of the Loop and eddies. Cyclonic/anticyclonic pairs produce some of the strongest currents observed. Oceanographers are now incorporating these features in their dynamical models to produce more accurate forecasts.
Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) mounted on workboats are now commonly used for ocean current surveying to supplement existing data from drifting buoys, satellite remote sensing, and rig-mounted current meters in support of offshore construction and installation projects. Fine scale real-time monitoring of both near-surface and mid-water currents is necessary during critical phases to insure that these projects are conducted safely and efficiently. Strategically planned survey patterns are followed to best observe and forecast the encroachment of oceanographic features into areas of sensitive operations. Analysis of survey data reveals the unique properties of each feature. Not only can the data be used operationally on an hour by hour basis, but it can also be used to initialize a forecast model. Models initialized with the most recent data prove to be the most accurate and useful to offshore operators.
Evaluating the Expandability and Collapse Resistance of Expandable Tubulars
Authors: Agata J. , Tsuru E. , Sawamura M. , Asahi H. , Tsugihara H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractExpandable tubular technology is an effective method for saving on the costs of well drilling and completion. There are many applications for casing repair and slim hole casing design. The most essential performances of expandable tubular (EXP-T) are the expandability and collapse resistance, which are affected by not only the expanded pipe properties, but also the axial restraint caused by sticking pipe in well.This paper discusses the geometrical and material factors governing pipe expandability, the effect of axial restraint during the expansion, and the collapse resistance of the expanded pipe. Two types of pipe were evaluated using pipe expander equipped with a function of the axial restraint. FEA for pipe expansion considering the pipe geometries and the mechanical property were also carried out for solving the fracture mechanism and deriving the design diagram of EXP-T. In addition, the full-scale collapse tests were performed for evaluating the collapse resistance of the expanded pipes and verifying the prediction using the conventional formulas.These results reveal the relevant combination of the pipe geometries and the material properties for preventing the expansion failure. A potential to improve the collapse resistance of the pipe expanded under the axial restraint is drawn.
Step-Change Improvements with Wired-Pipe Telemetry
Authors: Allen Scott , McCartney Chris , Hernandez Maximo , Reeves Michael , Baksh Azaad , MacFarlane Danial 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper describes the rationale, justification and benefits associated with the deployment of wired-pipe telemetry drillstrings at Occidental of Elk Hills, Inc. (OEHI) in Kern County, California.
Recent technological advances in Measurement While Drilling (MWD) systems, Logging While Drilling (LWD) systems, and wired-pipe telemetry systems have overcome historical data bandwidth issues enabling real-time acquisition of critical data streams. These data sets include: continuous annular pressure for equivalent circulating density (ECD) management; vibration diagnostics for drilling optimization; instantaneous downlink commands to Rotary Steerable Systems (RSS) that aide in eliminating secondary non-productive time (NPT) and enhancing directional control; and memory quality formation evaluation measurements to improve reservoir navigation and wellbore placement. With this new wealth of data, onsite drilling personnel, geoscientists, and office engineering staff are able to make real-time decisions that serve to enhance wellbore quality and reduce overall costs.
Utilizing wired-pipe to its full potential has helped to deliver an average drilling time savings of 10%.
Improvements in Efficiency for Subsea Operations in Deepwater Angola
Authors: Zook Jason , Keith Arran 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Esso Exploration Angola (Block 15) Limited (EEAL) has realized substantial improvements in the efficiency of subsea operations in the deepwater environment of Angola Block 15 (AB15). EEAL dedicated a work vessel primarily to subsea activities and further improved efficiency by continuously evaluating operations for potential improvement. Given the current higher cost environment that exists throughout the industry, EEAL has increased its efforts to evaluate improving efficiencies for subsea operations, specifically during simultaneous operations (SIMOPS). Improvements in efficiency and schedule certainty were seen as a result of dedicating a work vessel primarily to subsea operations. This paper will present case histories of the various operations such as Suction Embedded Plate Anchor (SEPLA) handling, close tolerance well positioning, and horizontal christmas tree (HXT) installation, both on and off the mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) critical path. The relative impact on efficiency and the indirect benefits of a dedicated work vessel will also be discussed.
The Successful Application of Combined New Technologies to Reach Isolated Hydrocarbon Reserves Offshore Dubai
Authors: Lagler Thomas , Alhaj Mouad Hameed , Iskander Gamal Ramses , Rhodes Jonathan Charles , Al-Kholy Wael Ahmed , Drumm Niall 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Offshore Dubai is a maturing oil province and to access outlying, isolated hydrocarbon reserves it is necessary to expose several unstable sections of troublesome shale during drilling operations. Historically during the drilling of these wells, wellbore time-based instability issues have been experienced in the Aruma and Laffan shales on offset wells with shorter buildup sections. It is therefore necessary to drill these sections as efficiently as possible, minimizing the time these shales are exposed.
Dubai Petroleum looked at a combination of new technologies available in the market that could help both to optimize the drilling of these sections and to meet the directional objectives. To control the shales a high-performance water-based mud (HPWBM) system with triple inhibition was proposed to Dubai Petroleum after a series of tests and field experience in the region.
To achieve the directional objectives and minimize the time to drill the section, a performance drilling system (rotary steerable tool in combination with a modular motor) and drilling dynamics sub were suggested. The section was drilled safely in a single run with all drilling objectives achieved and breaking all previous 24-hr ROP drilling records for an offshore Dubai Petroleum well. No shale instability issues were experienced, including the longest Aruma shale section ever drilled by Dubai Petroleum.
The combination of new technologies and detailed planning applied offshore Dubai for the first time allowed a step change in the Dubai Petroleum offshore drilling and enable previously inaccessible hydrocarbon reserves to be reached and produced.
Remote Automated Directional Drilling Through Rotary Steerable Systems
Authors: Melgares Hernan , Grace Will , Gonzalez Felipe , Alric Claudio , Palacio Julio , Akinniranye Goke 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRotary Steerable Systems (RSS) are well known as drilling optimization steering tools. Better borehole quality and faster rates of penetration are achieved by RSS capability to steer the wells without sliding. The evolution of RSS has been very rapid in the past several years, with most improvements focused on tool reliability, variety of collar sizes, electronics robustness and mechanical efficiency.This paper describes an innovative automated method for drilling directional wells remotely with RSS, which has been successfully deployed in south Mexico during 2008. The directional driller (DD) is located remotely in the operator's office with the ability to remotely control the mud pumps. If a command is required for changing the RSS program, the system remotely controls the rig pumps to execute the downlink sequence and change the downhole settings of the RSS.The automatic generation of the mud pulses to transmit the downlink sequences also eliminates missed commands due to human error. This system allows experienced DDs to control multiple operations, either directly through remotely drilling simultaneous wells or by providing direct supervision to less experienced DDs.The ability to have the DD work remotely with the well engineering team improves collaborative workflows to optimize drilling performance.
Offshore Managed Pressure Drilling Experiences in Asia Pacific
Authors: Nas Steve , Toralde Julmar Shaun , Wuest Chad 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) has been successfully used by a number of operating companies in both onshore and offshore applications in Asia Pacific. Over 100 wells have now been drilled in the region using MPD techniques. MPD has delivered significant cost savings in almost all of the applications. The high cost of offshore drilling means that offshore MPD delivers significant cost savings when non-productive times associated with fluid losses or well control events are eliminated. MPD has now been successfully used on all the types of offshore rigs from platforms, tender rigs, jack-ups, semi-submersibles as well as drillships. Both subsea and surface stacks on floaters have been used for MPD. Drilling with a so-called "closed wellbore" using MPD equipment for drilling operations has now been proven to be beneficial on all rig types and almost all well types. All drilling, logging and completion installations can be safely executed when using MPD equipment. On most installations, only minor modifications are required to enable a closed wellbore drilling system, which in turn enables More Productive Drilling.
This paper describes the experiences with MPD equipment installations on floating rigs and on fixed installations in Asia Pacific and it provides some of the lessons learned when using MPD equipment and techniques.
A Step Change in Drilling Efficiency: Quantifying the Effects of Adding an Axial Oscillation Tool Within Challenging Wellbore Environments
Authors: McCarthy J. P. , Stanes B. H. , Clark K. W. , Kollker C. R. , Leuenberger G. E. , Rebellon J. , Grabski L. E. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Motor Steerable (MS) assemblies are used globally in the majority of directional drilling applications. However, the limitations of MS systems are often highlighted as well paths become more complicated and efficient drilling performance becomes more difficult to obtain. Tools that impart cyclic, axial oscillations into the drill string have been shown to extend the operating range of MS assemblies, particularly in slide-drilling mode, including coiled tubing applications (Robertson–2004). Adding the correct Axial-oscillation Generator Tool (AGT) to a drill string can dramatically improve slide drilling (Rasheed–2001); and significantly improve work over operations with coiled tubing as well (Tongs–2007).
When evaluating the overall performance of a drilling system, it is necessary to determine the interaction between the AGT, Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) and drill string as a whole. This paper will document the magnitude of the forces generated by the AGT and compare them to the specifications of other common drilling components. It will confirm that the correct selection and configuration of an AGT will impart benign forces into the drilling assembly, improving the effectiveness of the drilling system, and maintaining full compatibility with the entire drill string.
Historically, measuring the actual forces transmitted by the AGT has been a challenge, as most downhole measuring devices record at sample rates significantly lower than the operating frequency of the oscillation tool. These recording devices often lack the necessary number of data channels required to fully describe the downhole dynamic environment. Furthermore, variations in bit type, BHA configuration, drilling parameters and formations make evaluating results from different wells difficult.
To accurately measure downhole vibration and other drilling parameters, a Drilling Research Tool (DRT) was used. The DRT is a high-speed, sixteen-channel, downhole dynamics recorder. By ensuring identical BHA's, drilling parameters and formations, the differences in downhole activity can be attributed to the axial oscillation system.
This paper will compare a number of field runs with and without an AGT and will quantify the actual downhole accelerations caused by adding the oscillation system to the drill string. The results will show that the addition of an effective axial oscillation tool positively influences drilling performance while maintaining compatibility with all drill string components.
Anti‐Poverty Politics in Chile: A Preliminary Assessment of the Chile Solidario Program
Authors: Borzutzky Silvia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper addresses what is one of the thorniest issues in Chile's economic policy making today: the question of poverty and the Chile Solidario program which was designed to combat extreme poverty. The paper discusses who is poor in Chile, the problems with the existing data on poverty and extreme poverty, and the content of the program. The paper also contains an assessment of the short term effects of Chile Solidario. Based on the existing data, the conclusion is that Chile Solidario has failed to reduce poverty in the short term.
FoxO1 Haploinsufficiency Protects Against High-Fat Diet–Induced Insulin Resistance With Enhanced Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ Activation in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Kim Jane J. , Li Pingping , Huntley Jessica , Chang Jeffrey P. , Arden Karen C. , Olefsky Jerrold M. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE
Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors represent evolutionarily conserved targets of insulin signaling, regulating metabolism and cellular differentiation in response to changes in nutrient availability. Although the FoxO1 isoform is known to play a key role in adipogenesis, its physiological role in differentiated adipose tissue remains unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this study, we analyzed the phenotype of FoxO1 haploinsufficient mice to investigate the role of FoxO1 in high-fat diet–induced obesity and adipose tissue metabolism.

RESULTS
We showed that reduced FoxO1 expression protects mice against obesity-related insulin resistance with marked improvement not only in hepatic insulin sensitivity but also in skeletal muscle insulin action. FoxO1 haploinsufficiency also resulted in increased peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)γ gene expression in adipose tissue, with enhanced expression of PPARγ target genes known to influence metabolism. Moreover, treatment of mice with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone caused a greater improvement in in vivo insulin sensitivity in FoxO1 haploinsufficient animals, including reductions in circulating proinflammatory cytokines.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate that FoxO1 proteins negatively regulate insulin action and that their effect may be explained, at least in part, by inhibition of PPARγ function.