bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructed topography of Southern New England prior to isostatic rebound with implications of total isostatic depression and relative sea level
Authors: Oakley Bryan A. , Boothroyd Jon C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTopographic models of the late Quaternary landscape prior to isostatic rebound aid interpretation of glacial lake-water levels and geomorphic features as well as ice thickness, mantle viscosity and lithospheric strength. The well-established limit of glacial marine inundation in central and northern New England provides a test of total isostatic depression. Relative sea levels reflecting differing magnitudes of isostatic rebound show that published values of isostatic depression in southern New England would inundate the landscape in southern New England with marine water south of the limit of late Pleistocene marine inundation. This suggests that isostatic depression at the terminal margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) was < 35 m, and that previous workers overestimate isostatic depression in southern New England by > 50 m. A first-order estimate of ice thickness based on total isostatic depression and the observed uplift profile in southern New England supports the ‘thin ice’ models in New England. Ice thickness ranged from 100 m at the southeastern margin of the LIS, to > 1000 m at a point 300 km north of the terminal margin. This regional model places constraints on continental ice-sheet and geophysical models that should be considered in the future.
Martha Graham's Haunting Body: Autobiography at the Intersection of Writing and Dancing
Authors: Thoms Victoria 
Published: April 2012

In this article I employ modern dance pioneer Martha Graham's memoir Blood Memory (1991) to complicate understandings of autobiography. Following a deconstructive perspective (Buse and Stott 1999; Derrida 1994) and taking up feminist critiques of both autobiography (Benstock 1988; Chanfrault-Duchet 2000) and the effects of embodiment (Phelan 1997; Albright 1997), I theorize autobiography as a haunting interstice between writing and the body. I suggest that while the written account is an important means to chart a life, there are forms of autobiography that remain unrepresentable in the frame of writing. This impossibility is most poignant in Blood Memory as Graham struggles to represent the autobiographical significance of the embodied performance yet is haunted by the inability to fully articulate in writing its significance for her. I argue that in encountering the written autobiography we should not disavow this haunting but rather acknowledge its importance as a means of encountering that life.To trouble tacit assumptions about written autobiography, I ask, How might written autobiography be understood as haunted? And how might dance serve to illustrate its haunted state? Lastly, what are the possible effects of understanding written autobiography as haunted? To address these questions I first consider the unsettled encounter with Graham's Blood Memory. I theorize the effects of this encounter as stemming from the shadowy but persistent presence of Graham's danced oeuvre as an alternative form of autobiography and argue that this oeuvre could also be considered an autobiographical text. Then placing the “proper” written autobiography in dialogue with the danced autobiography, I posit the haunted status of autobiography itself–as always already troubled by multiple and alternative textual productions of self that can be both bodily and written in form. Finally, I suggest the possible effects of considering autobiography in this way.
Dopaminergic amacrine cells express opioid receptors in the mouse retina
Authors: GALLAGHER SHANNON K. , ANGLEN JULIA N. , MOWER JUSTIN M. , VIGH JOZSEF 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe presence of opioid receptors has been confirmed by a variety of techniques in vertebrate retinas including those of mammals; however, in most reports, the location of these receptors has been limited to retinal regions rather than specific cell types. Concurrently, our knowledge of the physiological functions of opioid signaling in the retina is based on only a handful of studies. To date, the best-documented opioid effect is the modulation of retinal dopamine release, which has been shown in a variety of vertebrate species. Nonetheless, it is not known if opioids can affect dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs) directly, via opioid receptors expressed by DACs. This study, using immunohistochemical methods, sought to determine whether (1) μ- and δ-opioid receptors (MORs and DORs, respectively) are present in the mouse retina, and if present, (2) are they expressed by DACs. We found that MOR and DOR immunolabeling were associated with multiple cell types in the inner retina, suggesting that opioids might influence visual information processing at multiple sites within the mammalian retinal circuitry. Specifically, colabeling studies with the DAC molecular marker anti-tyrosine hydroxylase antibody showed that both MOR and DOR immunolabeling localize to DACs. These findings predict that opioids can affect DACs in the mouse retina directly, via MOR and DOR signaling, and might modulate dopamine release as reported in other mammalian and nonmammalian retinas.
Clinico-immunological profile and outcome of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive children
Authors: Choudhary Nidhi , Gomber Sunil , Narang Manish 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo study the clinico-immunological, nutritional and growth characteristics of HIV-infected children and the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on these parameters.DesignRetrospective study.SettingOut-patient department of a paediatric ART centre, Delhi, India.SubjectsHIV-positive children registered at the paediatric ART centre of the hospital were enrolled (n 130). Anthropometric measurements were used to classify children into the type of malnutrition according to definitions of the WHO and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical and immunological status of the children was recorded as per WHO guidelines. First-line ART was started based on guidelines of the National AIDS Control Organization. Nutritional status and clinico-immunological characteristics were followed up annually in children receiving ART.ResultsOf children ≤5 years of age (n 54), stunting was noted in 42·5 % contrary to wasting seen in only 12·9 %. In children >5 years of age (n 76), short stature (40·7 %) and underweight (39·4 %) were seen in almost equal proportions. Asymptomatic presentation was noted in 60·0 %. Following ART, a reduction in wasting was noted in 75·0 % of children ≤5 years of age, whereas only 44·4 % of underweight children >5 years of age showed an improvement after therapy. Stunting and short stature continued to persist in all in children (≤5 years and >5 years, respectively). Clinico-immunologically, 67·5 % improved in clinical status and 62·5 % showed immunological improvement.ConclusionsART improves the acute parameters of nutritional status like wasting. It also improves the clinical outcome and restores the immune system. At present first-line ART is effective in HIV-positive children.
Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review
Authors: McEvoy Claire T , Temple Norman , Woodside Jayne V 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo review the epidemiological evidence for vegetarian diets, low-meat dietary patterns and their association with health status in adults.DesignPublished literature review focusing primarily on prospective studies and meta-analyses examining the association between vegetarian diets and health outcomes.ResultsBoth vegetarian diets and prudent diets allowing small amounts of red meat are associated with reduced risk of diseases, particularly CHD and type 2 diabetes. There is limited evidence of an association between vegetarian diets and cancer prevention. Evidence linking red meat intake, particularly processed meat, and increased risk of CHD, cancer and type 2 diabetes is convincing and provides indirect support for consumption of a plant-based diet.ConclusionsThe health benefits of vegetarian diets are not unique. Prudent plant-based dietary patterns which also allow small intakes of red meat, fish and dairy products have demonstrated significant improvements in health status as well. At this time an optimal dietary intake for health status is unknown. Plant-based diets contain a host of food and nutrients known to have independent health benefits. While vegetarian diets have not shown any adverse effects on health, restrictive and monotonous vegetarian diets may result in nutrient deficiencies with deleterious effects on health. For this reason, appropriate advice is important to ensure a vegetarian diet is nutritionally adequate especially for vulnerable groups.
Birth size and physical activity in a cohort of Indian children aged 6–10 years
Authors: Kehoe S. H. , Krishnaveni G. V. , Veena S. R. , Hill J. C. , Osmond C. , Kiran  , Coakley P. , Karat S. C. , Fall C. H. D. 
Published: April 2012

There is evidence of a reduction in children's physical activity in India in the last decade. Our objective was to assess whether size and body composition at birth are associated with physical activity in school-aged children. Children from a prospective observational cohort study born in Mysore, South India between 1997 and 1998 (n = 663) had neonatal anthropometric measurements made within 72 h of delivery [weight, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), chest, abdomen and head circumference, crown–heel, crown–buttock and leg length, triceps and subscapular skinfolds]. At 6–10 years, children (n = 449) were asked to wear AM7164 or GT1M Actigraph accelerometers for 7 days. Body composition was measured within 6 months of activity monitoring. Arm muscle area at birth and time of activity monitoring was calculated from MUAC and skinfold measurements.Activity outcome measures were: mean accelerometer counts per minute (cpm); counts per day and proportion of time spent in moderate and vigorous activity. The mean (s.d.) number of days with ⩾500 min of recorded accelerometer data was 7.0 (1.1). Linear regression models showed no significant associations between any of the neonatal anthropometric measures and the activity variables. Body fat percentage at 7.5 years was negatively associated with all activity variables (B = −4.69, CI: −7.31, −2.07 for mean cpm).In conclusion, this study showed no associations between body size and skinfold thickness at birth and objectively measured physical activity in childhood.
Relative role of wind forcing and riverine nutrient input on the extent of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Feng Y. , DiMarco S. F. , Jackson G. A. 
Published: April 2012

Seasonal hypoxia of the northern Gulf of Mexico has been observed for more than 25 years. It is generally accepted that the variation in the areal extent of hypoxia is determined by changes in nutrient addition from the Mississippi River. In this study, we investigate the statistical relation between the hypoxic area and a new variable, the duration of west wind, using the available measurements for the period 1985–2010. Special consideration was paid to the 1993–2010 period, a time when a large shift in the seasonal hypoxia pattern has been reported. When excluding the years in which hurricanes directly impacted the hypoxic area observation, we find that the duration of west wind is correlated with the hypoxic area at r2 = 0.32 for the 1985–2010 period, and r2= 0.52 for the 1993–2010 period. Multilinear regressions using both wind duration and May‐June nitrate loading improve the statistical relationships for both periods tor2 = 0.69 and 0.74 for the long and short time periods, respectively. Mechanistically, the statistical relationships reflect the movement and changes in horizontal river plume position associated with the wind and the influence of stratification on the hypoxic area.
A Note On The Denisova Cave mtDNA Sequence
Authors: Caldararo Niccolo , Guthrie Michael 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe recently published Altai fossil sequence from Denisova Cave was purported to be so different from anatomically modern humans, yet have the physiological landmarks of that species designation. When the published sequence was examined it was found that segments in the mtDNA hypervariable regions could be found to align with that of anatomically modern humans if one introduced an insertion at a position found in Neanderthals. Some other points of interest arise from a reconsideration of the sequences for other published samples and Neanderthals from the same perspective.
Critical nutritional stress among adult tribal populations of West Bengal and Orissa, India.
Authors: Bisai Samiran , Bose Kaushik 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with cross-sectional studies carried out during the period 2004-2007. It is based on eight data sets of tribals of Paschim Medinipur and Bankura Districts of West Bengal and Keonjhar District of Orissa. The tribes include Bhumijs, Kora Mudis, Lodhas, Santals, Bathudis and Savars. Height and weight were measured following standard techniques. The body mass index (BMI) was computed following standard equation. Nutritional status (chronic energy deficiency, CED) was evaluated using internationally accepted cut-off values of BMI. We followed the World Health Organization's classification (1995) of the public health problem of low BMI, based on adult populations worldwide. Our results show that, in general, among the tribes studied:i)Both sexes had very low levels of BMI ii)There existed high rates of CED indicating a critical nutritional condition iii)Women experienced greater nutritional stress iv)The nutritional situation is similar in both West Bengal as well as Orissa.
Mining Co-expression Graphs: Applications to MicroRNA Regulation and Disease Analysis
Authors: Bhattacharyya Malay 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to translationally repress or post-transcriptionally regulate mRNAs and are responsible for many diseases. We are preparing a comprehensive framework of co-expression analysis to figure out co-expression, differential co-expression and co-expression dynamics within multiple phenotypes in expression profiles. The purpose is to elucidate the disease association of miRNAs via co-regulatory pattern analysis.
Kinetic resolution of racemates under chiral catalysis: connecting the dots
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sosale 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe current theory of the titled phenomenon is apparently based on an inconsistent use of concentration units, as employed in the derivation of the fundamental equations. Thus, manifestly, whilst the relation between extent of conversion and e.e. is derived with mole fractions, the succeeding kinetic equations employ units of molarity. This invalidates the derivation in the general case. Fortuitously, however, it is applicable in the majority of simple cases, wherein the total number of moles involved in the reaction remains constant. Herein is presented a rigorous approach which is generally valid.
Microfluidic integration for automated targeted proteomic assays
Authors: Hughes Alex J. , Lin Robert K. C. , Peehl Donna M. , Herr Amy E. 
Published: April 2012

A dearth of protein isoform-based clinical diagnostics currently hinders advances in personalized medicine. A well-organized protein biomarker validation process that includes facile measurement of protein isoforms would accelerate development of effective protein-based diagnostics. Toward scalable protein isoform analysis, we introduce a microfluidic “single-channel, multistage” immunoblotting strategy. The multistep assay performs all immunoblotting steps: separation, immobilization of resolved proteins, antibody probing of immobilized proteins, and all interim wash steps. Programmable, low-dispersion electrophoretic transport obviates the need for pumps and valves. A three-dimensional bulk photoreactive hydrogel eliminates manual blotting. In addition to simplified operation and interfacing, directed electrophoretic transport through our 3D nanoporous reactive hydrogel yields superior performance over the state-of-the-art in enhanced capture efficiency (on par with membrane electroblotting) and sparing consumption of reagents (
ca.
1 ng antibody), as supported by empirical and by scaling analyses. We apply our fully integrated microfluidic assay to protein measurements of endogenous prostate specific antigen isoforms in (
i
) minimally processed human prostate cancer cell lysate (1.1 pg limit of detection) and (
ii
) crude sera from metastatic prostate cancer patients. The single-instrument functionality establishes a scalable microfluidic framework for high-throughput targeted proteomics, as is relevant to personalized medicine through robust protein biomarker verification, systematic characterization of new antibody probes for functional proteomics, and, more broadly, to characterization of human biospecimen repositories.
Postcolonial Perspectives on Early Modern Canada: Champlain's
Voyages de la Nouvelle France
(1632)
Authors: Haskins Gonthier Ursula 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

The early modern dimension of francophone postcolonialism has yet to be fully explored. This paper adds historical depth to postcolonial studies by applying postcolonial theory to an early seventeenth-century French colonial text: Samuel de Champlain's
Voyages de la Nouvelle France
(1632). A postcolonial reading of Champlain's
Voyages
reveals the ambivalence latent in a text traditionally seen as a straightforward narrative of the coming of French civilization to the Americas. After evaluating the applicability of postcolonial theory to works such as Champlain's
Voyages
, discussion focuses on an episode from the text in which, on the eve of a battle against the Iroquois, Champlain has a dream predicting the defeat of the enemy by his Huron allies. As the author had previously dismissed, with sceptical superiority, the Amerindian faith in portentous dreams, this apparent shift in cultural allegiance raises interesting questions. Postcolonialism's insights into colonial power relations can shed new light on Champlain's complex relationship with his Amerindian allies and on the identity issues faced by colonizers in ‘white settler’ colonies. This paper traces Champlain's transformation from Frenchman in Canada to incipient French-Canadian, and ultimately tests the limits of taking a postcolonial perspective on the early modern.
A Novel Lactone-Forming Carboxylesterase: Molecular Identification of a Tuliposide A-Converting Enzyme in Tulip
Authors: Nomura Taiji , Ogita Shinjiro , Kato Yasuo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Tuliposides, the glucose esters of 4-hydroxy-2-methylenebutanoate and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylenebutanoate, are major secondary metabolites in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana). Their lactonized aglycons, tulipalins, function as defensive chemicals due to their biological activities. We recently found that tuliposide-converting enzyme (TCE) purified from tulip bulbs catalyzed the conversion of tuliposides to tulipalins, but the possibility of the presence of several TCE isozymes was raised: TCE in tissues other than bulbs is different from bulb TCE. Here, to prove this hypothesis, TCE was purified from petals, which have the second highest TCE activity after bulbs. The purified enzyme, like the bulb enzyme, preferentially accepted tuliposides as substrates, with 6-tuliposide A the best substrate, which allowed naming the enzyme tuliposide A-converting enzyme (TCEA), but specific activity and molecular mass differed between the petal and bulb enzymes. After peptide sequencing, a novel cDNA (TgTCEA) encoding petal TCEA was isolated, and the functional characterization of the recombinant enzyme verified that TgTCEA catalyzes the conversion of 6-tuliposide A to tulipalin A. TgTCEA was transcribed in all tulip tissues but not in bulbs, indicating the presence of a bulb-specific TgTCEA, as suggested by the distinct enzymatic characters between the petal and bulb enzymes. Plastidial localization of TgTCEA enzyme was revealed, which allowed proposing a cytological mechanism of TgTCE-mediated tulipalin formation in the tulip defensive strategy. Site-directed mutagenesis of TgTCEA suggested that the oxyanion hole and catalytic triad characteristic of typical carboxylesterases are essential for the catalytic process of TgTCEA enzyme. To our knowledge, TgTCEA is the first identified member of the lactone-forming carboxylesterases, specifically catalyzing intramolecular transesterification.
Potential antitumor applications of a monoclonal antibody specifically targeting human papilloma virus 16 E749–57 peptide
Authors: Lei Jianqiang , Zhang GaoXia 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTOur study aims to evaluate whether the approach of TCRm mAb has therapeutic potential against HPV‐induced tumors. In the present study, we generated a murine IgG2a mAb 6C10 specifically recognizing HPV‐16‐E749–57 epitope (RAHYNIVTF) in the polypeptides and in complex with a MHC class I molecule. Analysis of the primary structure shows that the 6C10 Ab displays a novel sequence in the CDR of the heavy chain, compared to the sequences in the Kabat database, which suggests the Ab has completed its affinity maturation. The 6C10 Ab can specifically recognize E7 and Trx‐E730–67 protein in ELISA, and can also specifically bind to T2 cell carrying HPV‐16‐E749–57 peptide. In the TC‐1 cell tumor‐bearing mouse model, 6C10 exhibits tumor suppression activity when compared to the isotype control Ab. 6C10 Ab has showed tumor‐inhibition potency in a mouse model and this Ab may have the prospect of cancer therapy.
Is Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance surveillance needed and how can it be delivered?
Authors: McNulty C. A. M. , Lasseter G. , Shaw I. , Nichols T. , D'Arcy S. , Lawson A. J. , Glocker E. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackgroundMost patients are prescribed Helicobacter pylori treatment without culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing, as current guidance recommends that patients with recurrent dyspepsia should be tested for H. pylori using a non‐invasive breath or faecal antigen test.AimsTo determine the prevalence of H. pylori antibiotic resistance in patients attending endoscopy in England and Wales, and the feasibility of an antibiotic resistance surveillance programme testing.MethodsWe tested the antibiotic susceptibility of H. pylori isolates from biopsy specimens from 2063 of 7791 (26%) patients attending for endoscopy in Gloucester and Bangor, and 339 biopsy specimens sent to the Helicobacter Reference Unit (HRU) in London. Culture and susceptibility testing was undertaken in line with National and European methods.ResultsHelicobacter pylori were cultured in 6.4% of 2063 patients attending Gloucester and Bangor hospitals. Resistance to amoxicillin, tetracycline and rifampicin/rifabutin was below 3% at all centres. Clarithromycin, metronidazole and quinolone resistance was significantly higher in HRU (68%, 88%, 17%) and Bangor isolates (18%, 43%, 13%) than Gloucester (3%, 22%, 1%). Each previous course of these antibiotics is associated with an increase in the risk of antibiotic resistance to that agent [clarithromycin: RR = 1.5 (P = 0.12); metronidazole RR = 1.6 (P = 0.002); quinolone RR = 1.8 (P = 0.01)].ConclusionsHelicobacter pylori infection is now uncommon in dyspeptic patients at endoscopy. A surveillance system is feasible and necessary to inform dyspepsia management guidance. Clinicians should take a thorough antibiotic history before prescribing metronidazole, clarithromycin or levofloxacin for H. pylori.