bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of the Beijing 2008 Olympics Research and Development Project (B08RDP)
Authors: Duan Yihong , Gong Jiandong , Du Jun , Charron Martin , Chen Jing , Deng Guo , DiMego Geoff , Hara Masahiro , Kunii Masaru , Li Xiaoli , Li Yinglin , Saito Kazuo , Seko Hiromu , Wang Yong , Wittmann Christoph 
Published: September 2011

The Beijing 2008 Olympics Research and Development Project (B08RDP), initiated in 2004 under the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Research Programme (WWRP), undertook the research and development of mesoscale ensemble prediction systems (MEPSs) and their application to weather forecast support during the Beijing Olympic Games. Six MEPSs from six countries, representing the state-of-the-art regional EPSs with near-real-time capabilities and emphasizing on the 6–36-h forecast lead times, participated in the project.
The background, objectives, and implementation of B08RDP, as well as the six MEPSs, are reviewed. The accomplishments are summarized, which include 1) providing value-added service to the Olympic Games, 2) advancing MEPS-related research, 3) accelerating the transition from research to operations, and 4) training forecasters in utilizing forecast uncertainty products. The B08RDP has fulfilled its research (MEPS development) and demonstration (value-added service) purposes. The research conducted covers the areas of verification, examining the value of MEPS relative to other numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems, combining multimodel or multicenter ensembles, bias correction, ensemble perturbations [initial condition (IC), lateral boundary condition (LBC), land surface IC, and model physics], downscaling, forecast applications, data assimilation, and storm-scale ensemble modeling. Seven scientific issues important to MEPS have been identified. It is recognized that the daily use of forecast uncertainty information by forecasters remains a challenge. Development of forecaster-friendly products and training activities should be a long-term effort and needs to be continuously enhanced.
The B08RDP dataset is also a valuable asset to the research community. The experience gained in international collaboration, organization, and implementation of a multination regional EPS for a common goal and to address common scientific issues can be shared by the ongoing projects The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble—Limited Area Models (TIGGE-LAM) and North American Ensemble Forecast System—Limited Area Models (NAEFS-LAM).
On-chip constructive cell-network study (II): on-chip quasi-in vivo cardiac toxicity assay for ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation measurement using ring-shaped closed circuit microelectrode with lined-up cardiomyocyte cell network
Authors: Nomura Fumimasa , Kaneko Tomoyuki , Hattori Akihiro , Yasuda Kenji 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Backgrounds
Conventional in vitro approach using human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) assay has been considered worldwide as the first screening assay for cardiac repolarization safety. However, it does not always oredict the potential QT prolongation risk or pro-arrhythmic risk correctly. For adaptable preclinical strategiesto evaluate global cardiac safety, an on-chip quasi-in vivo cardiac toxicity assay for lethal arrhythmia (ventricular tachyarrhythmia) measurement using ring-shaped closed circuit microelectrode chip has been developed.

Results
The ventricular electrocardiogram (ECG)-like field potential data, which includes both the repolarization and the conductance abnormality, was acquired from the self-convolutied extracellular field potentials (FPs) of a lined-up cardiomyocyte network on a circle-shaped microelectrode in an agarose microchamber. When Astemisol applied to the closed-loop cardiomyocyte network, self-convoluted FP profile of normal beating changed into an early afterdepolarization (EAD) like waveform, and then showed ventricular tachyarrhythmias and ventricular fibrilations (VT/Vf). QT-prolongation-like self-convoluted FP duration prolongation and its fluctuation increase was also observed according to the increase of Astemizole concentration.

Conclusions
The results indicate that the convoluted FPs of the quasi-in vivo cell network assay includes both of the repolarization data and the conductance abnormality of cardiomyocyte networks has the strong potential to prediction lethal arrhythmia.
Direkte Rede und Emotionsverben im Russischen
Authors: Sonnenhauser Barbara 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The present paper is concerned with the construction ‘direct speech + verb of emotion’ in Russian, focusing on the question where the ‘utterance’-interpretation for verbs of emotion in this specific context derives from. Moreover, a tentative typology of direct speech constructions will be provided, illustrating that the type of relation between direct speech and matrix verb, and hence the motivation for the ‘utterance’-interpretation, depends on the semantic characterisation and the event structure of the ‘matrix’ verb.
Transparent Lu2O3:Eu Ceramics
Authors: Seeley Zachary M. , Kuntz Joshua D. , Cherepy Nerine J. , Payne Stephen A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWe are developing highly transparent ceramic oxide scintillators for high energy (MeV) radiography screens. Lutetium oxide doped with europium (Lu2O3:Eu) is the material of choice due to its high light yield and stopping power. As an alternative to hot-pressing, we are utilizing vacuum sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Nano-scale starting powder was uniaxially pressed into compacts and then sintered under high vacuum, followed by HIP’ing. Vacuum sintering temperature proved to be a critical parameter in order to obtain highly transparent Lu2O3:Eu. Under-sintering resulted in open porosity disabling the driving force for densification during HIP’ing, while over-sintering lead to trapped pores in the Lu2O3:Eu grain interiors. Optimal vacuum sintering conditions allowed the pores to remain mobile during the subsequent HIP’ing step which provided enough pressure to close the pores completely resulting in fully-dense highly transparent ceramics. Currently, we have produced 3 mm thick by 4.5 cm diameter ceramics with excellent transparency, and anticipate scaling to larger sizes while maintaining comparable optical properties.
Laser Welding of Transparent High Performance Polymer Foils by using Silver Nanoparticles as Absorption Layer
Authors: Neuber Matthias , Heilmann Andreas 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTLaser welding of transparent high performance polymer foils requires an additional absorption layer at the interface of both foils. This paper demonstrates that metallic nano-particles, e.g. gold, silver or copper, can act as such an absorption layer. Silver nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of 200 μm thick ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) polymer foils by evaporation processes or by magnetron sputtering. For their additional mechanical stabilization, thin films produced by plasma polymerisation of hexamethyldisilazane or PTFE-polymer sputtering were deposited on top of the metal nanoparticles. Laser irradiation of the coated foil together with the untreated joining partner was performed by a continuous wave diode laser at a wavelength of 808 nm. With the defocused laser, the foils were welded and finally a nearly transparent welding seam was achieved. The nanostructure and the optical properties of the nanoparticle layer before laser irradiation were determined and compared with the nanostructure and the optical properties of the polymer metal nanocomposite after laser welding.
Polymer Nanoporous and Co-crystalline Phases
Authors: Guerra Gaetano , Daniel Christophe 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe first part of this presentation will be devoted to the description of the two nanoporous crystalline forms and of the various co-crystalline structures which can be obtained with syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS). Then, the second part will deal with the co-crystals formed with active guest molecules (nonlinear active, fluorescent, photoreactive, chiral, ...) while the final part of the lecture will focus on the possible applications of materials characterized by nanoporous crystalline s-PS phases.
Experimental Evidence of Non-Diffusive Thermal Transport in Si and GaAs
Authors: Johnson Jeremy A. , Maznev Alexei A. , Eliason Jeffrey K. , Minnich Austin , Collins Kimberlee , Chen Gang , Cuffe John , Kehoe Timothy , Sotomayor Torres Clivia M. , Nelson Keith A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe length-scales at which thermal transport crosses from the diffusive to ballistic regime are of much interest particularly in the design and improvement of nano-structured materials. In this work, we demonstrate that the departure from diffusive transport has been observed in Si and GaAs using an optical transient thermal grating technique where an arbitrary, experimentally set length scale can be imposed on a material. In a transient thermal grating experiment, crossed laser pulses interfere creating a well-defined periodic absorption and temperature profile. A probe beam is diffracted from this transient grating and length-scale dependent thermal transport properties can be determined from the signal decay. As the length scale is decreased to lengths shorter than the mean free paths of heat carrying phonons, quasi-ballistic heat transport effects become apparent allowing us to map out length scales and mean free paths relevant to nondiffusive thermal transport in Si and GaAs.
First Principles Calculations of Defects in Unstable Crystals: Austenitic Iron
Authors: Ackland G.J. , Klaver T.P.C. , Hepburn D.J. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTFirst principles calculations have given a new insight into the energies of point defects in many different materials, information which cannot be readily obtained from experiment. Most such calculations are done at zero Kelvin, with the assumption that finite temperature effects on defect energies and barriers are small. In some materials, however, the stable crystal structure of interest is mechanically unstable at 0K. In such cases, alternate approaches are needed. Here we present results of first principles calculations of austenitic iron using the VASP code. We determine an appropriate reference state for collinear magnetism to be the antiferromagnetic (001) double-layer (AFM-d) which is both stable and lower in energy than other possible models for the low temperature limit of paramagnetic fcc iron. Another plausible reference state is the antiferromagnetic (001) single layer (AFM-1). We then consider the energetics of dissolving typical alloying impurities (Ni, Cr) in the materials, and their interaction with point defects typical of the irradiated environment. We show that the calculated defect formation energies have fairly high dependence on the reference state chosen: in some cases this is due to instability of the reference state, a problem which does not seem to apply to AFM-d and AFM-1. Furthermore, there is a correlation between local free volume magnetism and energetics. Despite this, a general picture emerge that point defects in austenitic iron have geometries similar to those in simpler, non-magnetic, thermodynamically stable FCC metals. The defect energies are similar to those in BCC iron. The effect of substitutional Ni and Cr on defect properties is weak, rarely more than tenths of eV, so it is unlikely that small amounts of Ni and Cr will have a significant effect on the radiation damage in austenitic iron at high temperatures.
Structural and electrical characterization of carbon nanotube interconnects by combined transmission electron microscopy and scanning spreading resistance microscopy
Authors: Hantschel Thomas , Ke Xiaoxing , Chiodarelli Nicolo’ , Schulze Andreas , Bender Hugo , Eyben Pierre , Bals Sara , Vandervorst Wilfried 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe use of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as interconnects in future integrated circuits (IC) is being considered as a replacement for copper. As this research needs also innovative metrology solutions, we have developed a combined approach for the plane-view analysis of CNT integrated in contact holes where transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables the quantitative measurement of density and structure of the CNT and where scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) is used to electrically map the distribution of the CNT. This paper explains the used methodologies in detail and presents results from 300 nm diameter contact holes filled with CNT of 8-12 nm in diameter and a density of about 2 x 1011 cm-2.
Les mobilités éprouvantes. Regards sur les pénibilités des déplacements ordinaires
Authors: Enaux Christophe , Lannoy Pierre , Lord Sébastien 
Published: September 2011

Dans l’excitation intellectuelle liée à l’émergence, dans les sciences sociales, de ce nouveau et riche champ de recherche qu’est l’étude des mobilités quotidiennes, il est un versant de ce phénomène auquel peu de chercheurs se sont intéressés. On a en effet porté peu d’attention aux caractères éprouvants de ces réalités pour celles et ceux qui en sont les acteurs ordinaires. Pourtant, dans un contexte où les formes et les pratiques de mobilité se voient généralisées, les expériences pénibles dans les déplacements elles aussi se multiplient et se diversifient. Dans une première approche, on peut penser que ces pénibilités sont liées à des contraintes de trois ordres. Premièrement, dans la mesure où la très grande majorité des actifs travaille en dehors de leur domicile, leur mobilité est largement contrainte par l’emploi, sa localisation et sa nature. Deuxièmement, les rythmes de l’obligation scolaire constituent une autre dimension très contraignante pour de nombreux ménages, et scandent de manière remarquable la circulation dans les espaces publics. Troisièmement, l’accès spatial aux consommations, entendues au sens large comme usages « libres » de fournitures de services (commerces, services administratifs, loisirs, activités culturelles, tourisme, etc.), est également fortement structuré par les localisations et les temporalités de ces services. Ces différentes contraintes (professionnelles, scolaires et consommatoires) placent d’emblée la mobilité quotidienne sous le signe de la pression, du respect d’horaire, des tensions ou tout au moins de l’exigence d’organisation et de coordination. Les formes des pénibilités liées à ces déplacements peuvent alors se différencier par le lieu où leur épreuve se manifeste concrètement : la sphère domestique, la sphère professionnelle et les espaces publics. Ces territoires apparaissent en effet comme les pôles principaux où s’expriment les contraintes et injonctions de mobilité et où se vivent les épreuves de leur confrontation.Ce numéro rassemblera une sélection de contributions issues du colloque international « Les mobilités éprouvantes » tenu à l’Université Libre de Bruxelles en mars 2010 à l’initiative du groupe de travail « Mobilités spatiales et fluidité sociale » de l’Association internationale des sociologues de langue française (AISLF). Elles s’intéresseront toutes, et selon des perspectives disciplinaires différentes, aux pénibilités des expériences de mobilité, c’est-à-dire aux aspects éprouvants, pour les individus ou pour les groupes auxquels ils appartiennent, des configurations au sein desquelles s’engendrent et s’expérimentent les circulations quotidiennes. Parmi les aspects étudiés, on trouvera les déplacements des adolescents, les pénibilités associées à la fréquentation des espaces de transport, les mobilités contraintes par les structurations socio-spatiales, les institutions (services aux personnes, contrôles routiers, prisons) ou les situations politiques.
Response of Protective Current to Environmental Conditions During Sacrificial Anode Concrete Repair Treatments
Authors: Holmes S. , Roberts A. , Glass G. , Robins P. , Wilcox G. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This work examines the current response of installed “hybrid” (combined impressed current and sacrificial) anodes to changes in environmental conditions and investigates the effect of this “responsive behavior” on anode life span. The behavior reported is also discussed in terms of its correlation with the two reported models regarding the criteria for steel protection in concrete. The study showed that current passed by the installed anode was responsive to changes in concrete temperature, moisture, and chloride content during both the impressed current and galvanic phases of the hybrid treatment. This meant that anode life was conserved in benign conditions and shortened when the concrete environment was aggressive. It was also seen that a high current density impressed current treatment “activated” the installed anode, allowing it to pass a much higher current during the galvanic phase of the treatment. The data collected fits better with the acidification/pit realkalization model for corrosion monitoring of steel in atmospheric concrete, rather than the pitting potential/repassivation potential model used frequently in the industry.
Efficacy and Safety of Abrocitinib in Prurigo Nodularis and Chronic Pruritus of Unknown Origin
Authors: Kwatra Shawn G. , Bordeaux Zachary A. , Parthasarathy Varsha , Kollhoff Alexander L. , Alajmi Ali , Pritchard Thomas , Cornman Hannah L. , Kambala Anusha , Lee Kevin K. , Manjunath Jaya , Ma Emily Z. , Dillen Carly , Kwatra Madan M. 
Published: June 2024

ImportancePrurigo nodularis (PN) and chronic pruritus of unknown origin (CPUO) are chronic pruritic diseases that dramatically impair quality of life, but therapeutic options are limited. Abrocitinib, a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, represents a promising therapy for both conditions.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of 200-mg oral abrocitinib administered once daily in adults with moderate to severe PN or CPUO.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis phase 2, open-label, nonrandomized controlled trial conducted between September 2021 and July 2022 took place at a single center in the US. A total of 25 adult patients with moderate to severe PN or CPUO were screened. Ten patients with PN and 10 patients with CPUO were enrolled. All 20 patients completed the 12-week treatment period, 18 of whom completed the 4-week follow-up period.InterventionAbrocitinib, 200 mg, by mouth once daily for 12 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary efficacy end point was the percent change in weekly Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS) scores from baseline to week 12. Key secondary end points included the percentage of patients achieving at least a 4-point reduction in weekly PP-NRS score from baseline to week 12 and the percent change in Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores.ResultsA total of 10 patients with PN (mean [SD] age, 58.6 [13.1] years; all were female) and 10 patients with CPUO (mean [SD] age, 70.7 [5.6] years; 2 were female) enrolled in the study. The mean (SD) baseline PP-NRS score was 9.2 (1.0) for PN and 8.2 (1.2) for CPUO. PP-NRS scores decreased by 78.3% in PN (95% CI, −118.5 to −38.1; P &amp;lt; .001) and 53.7% in CPUO (95% CI, −98.8 to −8.6; P = .01) by week 12. From baseline to week 12, 8 of 10 patients with PN and 6 of 10 patients with CPUO achieved at least a 4-point improvement on the PP-NRS. Both groups experienced significant improvement in quality of life as demonstrated by percent change in DLQI scores (PN: −53.2% [95% CI, −75.3% to −31.1%]; P = .002; CPUO: −49.0% [95% CI, −89.6% to −8.0%]; P = .02). The most common adverse event among patients was acneiform eruption in 2 of 20 patients (10%). No serious adverse events occurred.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this nonrandomized controlled trial suggest that abrocitinib monotherapy may be effective and tolerated well in adults with PN or CPUO. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are warranted to validate these findings.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05038982
Body Roundness Index and All-Cause Mortality Among US Adults
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Ma Ning , Lin Qiushi , Chen Kening , Zheng Fangjieyi , Wu Jing , Dong Xiaoqun , Niu Wenquan 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceObesity, especially visceral obesity, is an established risk factor associated with all-cause mortality. However, the inadequacy of conventional anthropometric measures in assessing fat distribution necessitates a more comprehensive indicator, body roundness index (BRI), to decipher its population-based characteristics and potential association with mortality risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate the temporal trends of BRI among US noninstitutionalized civilian residents and explore its association with all-cause mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this cohort study, information on a nationally representative cohort of 32 995 US adults (age ≥20 years) was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 and NHANES Linked Mortality File, with mortality ascertained through December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed between April 1 and September 30, 2023.ExposuresBiennial weighted percentage changes in BRI were calculated. Restricted cubic spline curve was used to determine optimal cutoff points for BRI.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe survival outcome was all-cause mortality. Mortality data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website and linked to the NHANES database using the unique subject identifier. Weibull regression model was adopted to quantify the association between BRI and all-cause mortality.ResultsAmong 32 995 US adults, the mean (SD) age was 46.74 (16.92) years, and 16 529 (50.10%) were women. Mean BRI increased gradually from 4.80 (95% CI, 4.62-4.97) to 5.62 (95% CI, 5.37-5.86) from 1999 through 2018, with a biennial change of 0.95% (95% CI, 0.80%-1.09%; P &amp;lt; .001), and this increasing trend was more obvious among women, elderly individuals, and individuals who identified as Mexican American. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 9.98 (5.33-14.33) years, 3452 deaths (10.46% of participants) from all causes occurred. There was a U-shaped association between BRI and all-cause mortality, with the risk increased by 25% (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.47) for adults with BRI less than 3.4 and by 49% (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31-1.70) for those with BRI of 6.9 or greater compared with the middle quintile of BRI of 4.5 to 5.5 after full adjustment.Conclusions and RelevanceThis national cohort study found an increasing trend of BRI during nearly 20-year period among US adults, and importantly, a U-shaped association between BRI and all-cause mortality. These findings provide evidence for proposing BRI as a noninvasive screening tool for mortality risk estimation, an innovative concept that could be incorporated into public health practice pending consistent validation in other independent cohorts.