bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and specificity of arthroscopic estimation of positive and negative radio-ulnar incongruence in dogs
Authors: Werner H. , Grevel V. , Oechtering G. , Böttcher P. , Winkels P. 
Published: October 2009

Summary
Objectives: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of arthroscopic estimation of positive and negative radio-ulnar incongruence (RUI) in the canine elbow joint.
Methods: Experimental radial shortening and lengthening by 1 and 2 mm increments were performed in nine right elbow joints, extending an established surgical in vitro model of RUI. Arthroscopic estimation of each artificially produced radio-ulnar joint conformation (RUJC) was done using a graduated hook probe. A total of 72 RUJC were blindly evaluated in a random manner by an independent investigator and estimated in 1 mm increments (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2).
Results: The sensitivity for identification of an incongruent joint was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.90 to 0.99). The specificity for identification of a congruent joint was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.98). Analysing the data only in respect to a congruent joint versus one with a shortened radius (positive RUI) resulted in a sensitivity of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.99) and a specificity of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.92 to 1.00).
Clinical significance: Accurate estimation of RUI in dogs affected by elbow dysplasia might improve functional outcome and prevent osteoarthritis when corrective or modifying osteotomies are being considered as part of the treatment plan. Arthroscopy has been shown to be highly accurate and precise in detecting both positive and negative RUI in vitro. However, its diagnostic strength under clinical conditions still has to be proven.
Ressources minérales, armes et violences dans les Kivus (RDC)
Authors: Jacquemot Pierre 
Published: October 2009

Le lien causal direct entre le commerce des minerais et les conflits persistants dans les deux provinces du Kivu et en Ituri, en République démocratique du Congo, est avéré depuis la publication de plusieurs rapports internationaux. L’exploitation et le trafic du coltan, de l’étain et de l’or, contrôlés par les groupes militaires et un entrelacs d’intermédiaires aux ramifications internationales, nourrissent les achats d’armes et entretiennent les tensions, dans une économie certes frauduleuse mais très organisée. De 1994 à 2008, les répercussions ont été tragiques : déplacements forcés des populations, violences contre les femmes, enrôlement des enfants, bouleversements des équilibres sociaux, pertes écologiques.
Mafia et économie légale : pillage et razzia
Authors: Champeyrache Clotilde 
Published: October 2009

La question du pillage est ici abordée sous l’angle des pratiques mafieuses en Italie. La mafia a pour spécificité d’être une association criminelle présente dans l’économie légale : elle possède en effet des entreprises déclarées exerçant des activités légales. Ce sont ces entreprises, dites légales-mafieuses,qui permettent à la mafia de piller le territoire sous son contrôle. Cela passe par une captation et un détournement systématiques des ressources de ces territoires. Ceci explique les obstacles au développement rencontrés par ces territoires. Les agents non mafieux se trouvent exclus et ne peuvent plus profiter des opportunités économiques. La richesse est drainée par et pour les mafieux exclusivement. Par ailleurs, la mafia se livre aussi à de véritables razzias, y compris hors de son territoire. Ces razzias sont liées aux situations d’urgence : crise des déchets, tremblement de terre, etc. Elles permettent à la mafia de s’emparer de fonds publics.
Molecular and Supermolecular Electronics
Authors: Roberts Gareth 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHistorical Review ofLangmuir‐Blodgett FilmsThe Chemistry and Preparation ofLangmuir FilmsLangmuir‐Blodgett Film DepositionApplications ofLangmuir‐Blodgett FilmsModel System in Basic ResearchPromising Applied Research AreasConclusionsAuthor's AcknowledgmentsEditor's Acknowledgments
Tandem Affinity Purification of Protein Complexes in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using In Vivo Biotinylation
Authors: Wang Jianlong , Cantor Alan B. , Orkin Stuart H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStreptavidin affinity purification of protein complexes, in combination with in vivo biotinylation of critical transcription factors, has contributed to the analysis of the pluripotent state in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and made it possible to construct a protein‐protein interaction network.This has facilitated discovery of novel pluripotency factors and a better understanding of stem cell pluripotency. Here we describe detailed procedures for an in vivo biotinylation system setup in mouse ES cells, and affinity purification of multi‐protein complexes using in vivo biotinylation. In addition, we present a protocol employing SDS‐PAGE fractionation to reduce sample complexity prior to submission for mass spectrometry (MS) protein identification. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 11:1B.5.1‐1B.5.17. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide regulate endothelial tissue factor expression in vivo in the sickle transgenic mouse
Authors: Solovey Anna , Kollander Rahn , Chang Milbauer Liming , Abdulla Fuad , Chen Yingie , Kelm Robert J. , Hebbel Robert P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractActivation of the coagulation system is a characteristic feature of sickle cell anemia, which also includes clinical thrombosis. The sickle transgenic mouse abnormally expresses tissue factor (TF) on the pulmonary vein endothelium. Knowing that this aberrancy is stimulated by inflammation, we sought to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) contributes to regulation of endothelial TF expression in the sickle mouse model. We used the NY1DD sickle mouse, which exhibits a low‐TF to high‐TF phenotype switch on exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Manipulations of NO biology, such as breathing NO or addition of arginine or L‐NAME (N‐nitro‐L‐arginine‐methyl‐ester) to the diet, caused significant modulations of TF expression. This was also seen in hBERK1 sickle mice, which have a different genetic background and already have high‐TF even at ambient air. Study of NY1DD animals bred to overexpress endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; eNOS‐Tg) or to have an eNOS knockout state (one eNOS−/− animal and several eNOS+/− animals) demonstrated that eNOS modulates endothelial TF expression in vivo by down‐regulating it. Thus, the biodeficiency of NO characteristic of patients with sickle cell anemia may heighten risk for activation of the coagulation system. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chitosan modified with a polydentate crosslinker for metal‐ion adsorption
Authors: Krishnapriya K. R. , Kandaswamy M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe chemical modification on chitosan (CTS) was carried out by cross‐linking it with precursor compound 3,3′‐dimethoxy‐4,4′‐dihydroxy‐5,5′‐bis(N,N′‐ piperazine‐1‐yl methyl benzaldehyde), (PC) in order to improve the metal ion adsorption capacities and selectivity of the product. The resulting crosslinked chitosan derivative (CCTSL) was characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Adsorption experiments (pH dependency, kinetics, and equilibrium) of CCTSL towards various metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+) were investigated. The adsorption was dependent on pH of the solution, with a maximum capacity between pH 6.5 and 8.5. The adsorption kinetics data were best fitted with pseudo second‐order model, which gave a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The adsorption process could be described with Langmuir isotherm (R = 0.999), which revealed that the maximum capacity for monolayer saturation was 79 mg Cu(II) per gram of CCTSL (1.24 mmol g−1). From the studies, we also infer that the order of metal adsorption capacities in mmol g−1 for the derivative is Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ ≥ Fe2+ ≥ Cd2+ ≥ Mn2+ ≥ Pb2+. Hence this material can be used to extract Cu2+ ions from industrial effluents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Reaching the depth of the Chinese hamster ovary cell transcriptome
Authors: Jacob Nitya M. , Kantardjieff Anne , Yusufi Faraaz Noor Khan , Retzel Ernest F. , Mulukutla Bhanu Chandra , Chuah Song Hui , Yap Miranda , Hu Wei‐Shou 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe high‐throughput DNA sequencing Illumina Solexa GAII platform was employed to characterize the transcriptome of an antibody‐producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. More than 55 million sequencing reads were generated and mapped to an existing set of CHO unigenes derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs), as well as several public sequence databases. A very significant fraction of sequencing reads has not been previously seen. The frequency with which fragments of a unigene were sequenced was taken as an estimate of the abundance level of the corresponding transcripts. A wide dynamic range of transcript abundance levels was observed, spanning six orders of magnitude. However, the distribution of coverage across transcript lengths was found to vary, from relatively uniform to highly variable. This observation suggests that more challenges are yet to be resolved before direct sequencing can be used as a true quantitative measure of transcript level and for differential gene expression analysis. With the depth that high‐throughput sequencing methods can reach, one can expect that the entire transcriptome of this industrially important organism will be decoded in the near future. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1002–1009. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation at high corn stover solids loading in a helical stirring bioreactor
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chu Deqiang , Huang Juan , Yu Zhanchun , Dai Gance , Bao Jie 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe higher ethanol titer inevitably requires higher solids loading during the simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using lignocellulose as the feedstock. The mixing between the solid lignocellulose and the liquid enzyme is crucially important. In this study, a bioreactor with a novel helical impeller was designed and applied to the SSF operation of the steam explosion pretreated corn stover under different solids loadings and different enzyme dosages. The performances using the helical impeller and the common Rushton impeller were compared and analyzed by measuring rheological properties and the mixing energy consumption. The results showed that the new designed stirring system had better performances in the saccharification yield, ethanol titer, and energy cost than those of the Rushton impeller stirring. The mixing energy consumption under different solids loadings and enzyme dosages during SSF operation were analyzed and compared to the thermal energy in the ethanol produced. A balance for achieving the optimal energy cost between the increased mixing energy cost and the reduced distillation energy cost at the high solids loading should be made. The potentials of the new bioreactor were tested under various SSF conditions for obtaining optimal ethanol yield and titer. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010. 105: 718–728. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of genes encoding N‐glycan processing β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidases in Trichoplusia ni and Bombyx mori: Implications for glycoengineering of baculovirus expression systems
Authors: Geisler Christoph , Jarvis Donald L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGlycoproteins produced by non‐engineered insects or insect cell lines characteristically bear truncated, paucimannose N‐glycans in place of the complex N‐glycans produced by mammalian cells. A key reason for this difference is the presence of a highly specific N‐glycan processing β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase in insect, but not in mammalian systems. Thus, reducing or abolishing this enzyme could enhance the ability of glycoengineered insects or insect cell lines to produce complex N‐glycans. Of the three insect species routinely used for recombinant glycoprotein production, the processing β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase gene has been isolated only from Spodoptera frugiperda. Thus, the purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize the genes encoding this important processing enzyme from the other two species, Bombyx mori and Trichoplusia ni. Bioinformatic analyses of putative processing β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase genes isolated from these two species indicated that each encoded a product that was, indeed, more similar to processing β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidases than degradative or chitinolytic β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidases. In addition, over‐expression of each of these genes induced an enzyme activity with the substrate specificity characteristic of processing, but not degradative or chitinolytic enzymes. Together, these results demonstrated that the processing β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase genes had been successfully isolated from Trichoplusia ni and Bombyx mori. The identification of these genes has the potential to facilitate further glycoengineering of baculovirus‐insect cell expression systems for the production of glycosylated proteins. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Lanthanide(III) Complexes of Tris(amide) PCTA Derivatives as Potential Bimodal Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging Agents
Authors: Rojas‐Quijano Federico A. , Benyó Enikő Tircsóné , Tircsó Gyula , Kálmán Ferenc K. , Baranyai Zsolt , Aime Silvio , Sherry A. Dean , Kovács Zoltán 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLanthanide complexes of two tris(amide) derivatives of PCTA were synthesized and characterized. The relaxometric and luminescence properties of their lanthanide complexes were investigated as bimodal magnetic resonance (MR) and optical imaging agents. Luminescence studies show that one of the TbIII complexes dimerizes in solution at low millimolar concentrations, whereas the other may have a higher than expected coordination number in solution. The corresponding GdIII complexes display unusually high T1 relaxivities and enhanced kinetic inertness compared to GdPCTA. These features suggest that these new chelates may be suitable for in vivo applications. The fast water‐exchange rates observed for these complexes make them unsuitable as paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) agents.
In Situ High‐Energy Synchrotron Radiation Study of Boehmite Formation, Growth, and Phase Transformation to Alumina in Sub‐ and Supercritical Water
Authors: Lock Nina , Bremholm Martin , Christensen Mogens , Almer Jonathan , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Iversen Bo B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBoehmite (AlOOH) nanoparticles have been synthesized in subcritical (300 bar, 350 °C) and supercritical (300 bar, 400 °C) water. The formation and growth of AlOOH nanoparticles were studied in situ by small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) using 80 keV synchrotron radiation. The SAXS/WAXS data were measured simultaneously with a time resolution greater than 10 s and revealed the initial nucleation of amorphous particles takes place within 10 s with subsequent crystallization after 30 s. No diffraction signals were observed from Al(OH)3 within the time resolution of the experiment, which shows that the dehydration step of the reaction is fast and the hydrolysis step rate‐determining. The sizes of the crystalline particles were determined as a function of time. The overall size evolution patterns are similar in sub‐ and supercritical water, but the growth is faster and the final particle size larger under supercritical conditions. After approximately 5 min, the rate of particle growth decreases in both sub‐ and supercritical water. Heating of the boehmite nanoparticle suspension allowed an in situ X‐ray investigation of the phase transformation of boehmite to aluminium oxide. Under the wet conditions used in this work, the transition starts at 530 °C and gives a two‐phase product of hydrated and non‐hydrated aluminium oxide.
Colorimetric Sensing of Adenosine Based on Aptamer Binding Inducing Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation
Authors: Liu Xueping , Zhou Zhenhua , Zhang Liangliang , Tan Zhongyang , Shen Guoli , Yu Ruqin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA simple and rapid colorimetric approach for the determination of adenosine has been developed via target inducing aptamer structure switching, thus leading to Au colloidal solution aggregation. In the absence of the analytes, the aptamer/gold nanoparticle (Au NP) solution remained well dispersed under a given high ionic strength condition in that the random‐coil aptamer was readily wrapped on the surface of the Au NPs, which resulted in the enhancement of the repulsive force between the nanoparticles due to the high negative charge density of DNA molecules. While in the presence of adenosine, target‐aptamer complexes were formed and the conformation of the aptamer was changed to a folded structure which disfavored its adsorption on the Au NP surface, thus leading to the reduction of the negative charge density on each Au NP and then the reduced degree of electrostatic repulsion between Au nanoparticles. As a result, the aggregation of the Au colloidal solution occurred. The changes of the absorption spectrum could be easily monitored by a UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. A linear correlation exists between the ratio of the absorbance of the system at 522 to 700 nm (A522 nm/A700 nm) and the concentration of adenosine between 100 nmol·L−1 and 10 µmol·L−1, with a detection limit of 51.5 nmol·L−1.
Preparation of Chiral 4,4′‐Biphenylene‐silica Nanoribbons
Authors: Li Haitao , Li Baozong , Chen Yuanli , Zhang Ming , Wang Sibing , Li Yi , Yang Yonggang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA sol‐gel transcription process was carried out using an anionic gelator 12K and TMAPS as the co‐structure‐directing agent, as well as 4,4′‐bis(triethoxysilyl)biphenyl as a hybrid silica source. It is interesting to find that the chirality of the organic self‐assemblies of 12K was successfully transferred to the 4,4′‐biphenylene‐silica nanoribbons which are potentially applied in chiral catalysis.
Theoretical Studies on the Structures, Thermodynamic Properties, Detonation Performance, and Pyrolysis Mechanisms for Six Dinitrate Esters
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Guo Xiaode , Li Fengsheng , Song Hongchang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) has been employed to study the geometric and electronic structures of six dinitrate esters including ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), diethylene glycol dinitrate (Di‐EGDN), triethylene glycol dinitrate (Tri‐EGDN), tetraethylene glycol dinitrate (Tetra‐EGDN), pentaethylene glycol dinitrate (Penta‐EGDN) and hexaethylene glycol dinitrate (Hexa‐EGDN) at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. Their IR spectra were obtained and assigned by vibrational analysis. Based on the frequencies scaled by 0.96 and the principle of statistic thermodynamics, the thermodynamic properties were evaluated, which were linearly related with the number of CH2CH2O groups as well as the temperature, obviously showing good group additivity. Detonation performances were evaluated by the Kamlet‐Jacobs equations based on the calculated densities and heats of formation. It was found that density, detonation velocity, detonation pressure decreased with the increase of the number of CH2CH2O groups. Thermal stability and the pyrolysis mechanism of the title compounds were investigated by calculating the bond dissociation energies (BDE) at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. For the nitrate esters, the O‐NO2 bond is a trigger bond during a thermolysis initiation process.
Is Free Cyclooctatetraene Dianion an Aromatic System? A Quantum Chemistry Study
Authors: Cao Tingting , Ma Yipei , Yan Xiuhua , Cheng Jiagao , Luo Youhua , He Liming , Zhu Weiliang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo investigate whether free cyclooctatetraene dianion (COT2−) is aromatic, quantum chemistry methods were used to optimize its structure. Based on the optimized structures, the natural population analysis (NPA) charge, bond order, delocalization energy, nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS), and harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) values were computed by DFT‐B3LYP method with basis set 6‐311++G**, which shows that COT2− is not aromatic as it is not planar and has different bond lengths and bond orders, smallest delocalization energy and positive NICS values. To further confirm the finding, the changes of NICS and energy against ring distortion angle were scanned. The COT2− has positive NICS values all along the angle from 180° to 120° while other aromatic systems always have negative values. The energy scanning suggests that COT2− should have the weakest capability to maintain its planar structure. All the calculations strongly indicate that COT2− is not aromatic. This study also suggests that NICS scan might be a good approach to judge aromaticity.
Preparation of Polyelectrolyte Nanotubes by a Pressure‐filter‐template Technique Using Microporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) as the Template
Authors: Meng Xiuxia , Yang Naitao , Tan Xiaoyao 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPolyelectrolyte nanotubes of poly(sodium 4‐styrene‐sulfonate) (PSS) with cationic poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) (PSS/PDDA) were fabricated by a pressure‐filter‐template technique using microporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as the template. UV‐Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) were applied to characterize the obtained PSS/PDDA nanotubes. The results have shown that the PSS/PDDA nanotubes exhibit an amorphous structure and have the outer diameter of 200 nm and length of 25 µm respectively, which are in good agreement with the dimensions of the AAO template pores. The wall thickness of the nanotubes may be controlled by the number of the self‐assembled layers. Formation of the nanotubes follows a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) mechanism due to the electrostatic interactions, where the SO−3 groups of PSS are first adsorbed on the Lewis acid sites of AAO template pores.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Thiacalix[4]arenes Bearing Semicarbazide and Thiosemicarbazide Fragments at the Lower Rim
Authors: Omran Abdellah Omran 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStarting from thiacalixarene tetraacetates, tetraacetohydrazides have been prepared and then used for the introduction of semicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide fragments into the lower rim by the reaction with phenyl isocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate in dry toluene. The structures of the prepared compounds were investigated by FT‐IR, FAB‐MS, 1H NMR, and X‐ray crystallography, and their receptor properties were examined by liquid liquid extraction of dichromate anions.
Synthesis and Mesophase Behavior of Rod Like Phenylene Thiophene Based Polyhydroxy Amphiphiles
Authors: Luo Zhiwu , Yao Guini , Gao Zhulin , Cheng Xiaohong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNovel rod like phenylene thiophene based polyhydroxy amphiphiles, derivatives of gallic acid combining three hydrophilic 2,3‐dihydroxypropyloxy groups and one alkyl chain via central aromatic linking units, have been synthesized by using Ni(II), Pd(0) catalyzed coupling reaction as key steps. The mesophase behavior of such compounds was investigated by POM and DSC. Thereby the influence of the position of the alkyl chains on the mesophase behavior was discussed. All such compounds exhibit smectic A phases. As the alkyl chain moving from the terminal position to the lateral position near the central of the rigid core, the stability of the smectic A phase would be decreased.