bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives: the case for neurosurgery
Authors: Galarza Marcelo , Gazzeri Roberto 
Published: October 2009

Object
The goal of this study was to provide data about neurosurgical management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in young women after use of oral contraceptives.

Methods
Between 1990 and 2007, the authors treated 15 women (age range 23–45 years) in whom neurosurgical management was used for overt thrombosis of cerebral sinus. All were healthy, with a history of use of oral contraceptives. Severe headache was the most common symptom, followed by motor focal deficits and comatose state. Deep infarcts were located in the thalamic and basal ganglia region in 11 cases. Seven women had associated intracerebral hemorrhage, and 3 had ventricular dilation. Angiographic MR imaging was done in 10 patients, and conventional angiography was done in 7. Genetic analysis of chromosomal abnormalities associated with stroke was done in 5 cases.

Results
The intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored in all cases. Three patients underwent external ventricular drainage, and 1 had a decompressive craniotomy. All had absence of signal in the cerebral sinus rectus, with associated thrombosis of the transverse sinus in 7 cases. Angiograms were negative for additional vascular malformation. Medical treatment included sodium heparin and mannitol in 9 cases, and enoxaparin in the other 6 patients. Genetic analysis was positive for prothrombin mutation G20210A (factor II variant) in 2 cases. The mean follow-up duration of 53 months demonstrated no neurological deficit in 10 patients, hemiparesis in 3, and severe hemiparesis with aphasia in 1 case. One woman died 5 days after a decompressive craniotomy.

Conclusions
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis secondary to oral contraception in young women, including lesions in critical and deep regions, can be treated medically with acceptable morbidity. In spite of this, a subgroup of patients needed basic neurosurgical management of the lesions, including surgical measures for controlling raised ICP.
Wälder ohne Bewirtschaftung: eine Chance für die saproxylische Biodiversität | Forests without harvesting: an opportunity for the saproxylic biodiversity
Authors: Bütler Rita , Lachat Thibault 
Published: October 2009

Veteran trees and deadwood are key elements to maintain forest biodiversity. Setting aside protected forest areas and old-growth patches is a recent concept intended to favor deadwood dependent species. We compared forest areas where no harvesting occurred for at least 30 years with regularly managed forests, in order to assess the efficiency of such conservation measures. We collected data from 24 sites in Switzerland, where we inventoried dead trees and habitat structures such as cavities, cracks, bark pockets, etc.
In unmanaged forests we found deadwood amounts of 98–143 m3 and 20 snags &gt; 30 cm DBH per hectare, one and half time more large trees (&gt; 60 cm DBH) und twice as many habitat structures as in managed forests. The latter had in average 15–19 m3 of deadwood and 3 snags &gt; 30 cm DBH per hectare. Deadwood amounts in unmanaged forests were similar to the ones in natural forests of central Europe. However, we found 10–50 times less veteran trees (&gt; 80 cm DBH) than in natural forests (1 vs. 0.2 trees per hectare in unmanaged vs. managed forests). For equal diameter classes, trees had more habitat structures in unmanaged than in managed forests. Forest managers plan to intensify wood harvesting in Swiss forests. Consequently, we recommend to urgently set aside protected forest areas and old-growth patches, to maintain and favor habitat trees in managed forests, and to introduce an efficient sustainable deadwood management in any forest.
Effect of the administration of an oral hyaluronan formulation on clinical and biochemical parameters in young horses with osteochondrosis
Authors: Argüelles D. , Deulofeu R. , Martínez-Puig D. , Prades M. , Carmona J. U. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical effects of the administration of oral hyaluronan (Hyal-Joint® [HJ]) on young horses with osteochondrosis (OC). Our hypotheses were that HJ administration is safe, would decrease the degree of synovial effusion and the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in synovial fluid, and would increase the concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in plasma and synovial fluid. Eleven young horses with tarsocrural OC were included in a randomised, doubleblinded, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial. Six horses received 250 mg/day HJ for 60 days (T60) and five horses received a placebo. The initial values of the degree of synovial effusion, NO, PGE2 and HA concentrations in synovial fluid and HA concentration in plasma were obtained. The horses were evaluated in terms of the same parameters at the end of treatment (T60) and 30 days thereafter (T90). The differences between the groups for each of the parameters evaluated at T0, T60 and T90 were not significant. Nevertheless, the horses treated with HJ tended to show a lower score for synovial effusion as well as higher HA, NO and PGE2 concentrations in synovial fluid, but these differences were non-significant. At a dose of 250 mg/day, HJ did not produce any adverse clinical effects and was well tolerated by the horses.
Triple tibial osteotomy for treatment of the canine cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle joint
Authors: Hill T. P. , Glyde M. , Moles A. D. 
Published: October 2009

Summary
Objective: To report the surgical findings and early post-operative complications of triple tibial osteotomy (TTO) for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disruption in dogs.
Methods: Clinical records of 84 dogs (97 stifles) that had TTO procedures were reviewed. Surgical findings and postoperative complications were assessed. A complication was defined as any undesirable outcome resulting from TTO that required further diagnostic investigation or surgical treatment.
Results: Mean tibial wedge angle was 13.6 degrees (range 10–20). Incomplete tibial crest osteotomy was achieved in 79% of TTO procedures. Implants were placed in the tibial crest in 67% of stifles. Early postoperative complications occurred in 23% of joints, and included avulsion of the tibial crest (9.1%), fracture at the distal cortical attachment of the tibial crest (6.2%), fibula fracture (4.1%), patellar tendonitis (3.1%), late meniscal injury (3.1%), implant complications (3.1%) and patellar fracture (2.1%). Increased patient age (p = 0.023), increased wedge angle (p = 0.009) and intra-operative fracturing of the cranial tibial cortex (p = 0.017) were significantly associated with postoperative tibial crest avulsion. Implants did not prevent tibial crest avulsion. Increased patient age (p = 0.012) was significantly associated with tibial crest fracture.
Clinical relevance: Tibial crest avulsion and fracture are the most common postoperative complications for TTO. Late meniscal injury is uncommon after TTO.
Modification of the ventral approach to the caudal cervical spine by resection of the manubrium in a dog
Authors: Owen M. R. , Bush M. A. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryA five-year-old neutered female Bassett Hound weighing 29 kg was presented with a two-day history of paraparesis. Neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of extruded disc material ventral to the spinal cord, from the C7-T1 intervertebral disc. A ventral slot was performed to decompress the cord. In making the approach to the caudal cervical spine, the cranial aspect of the manubrium of the sternum was resected. This improved the exposure of a region normally difficult to expose via a conventional ventral approach to the cervical spine. The successful performance of the ventral slot procedure was greatly facilitated by this adaptation, which was quick and simple to perform, without any apparent adverse affects to the animal.
Repair of Y-T humeral fractures in the dog using paired ‘String of Pearls’ locking plates
Authors: Ness M. G. 
Published: October 2009

Summary
Objectives: To describe a technique for treating Y-T humeral fractures using paired string of pearls (SOP) plates and to review the outcome in 13 cases.
Methods: A series of 13 consecutive Y-T humeral fractures, otherwise known as distal humeral dicondylar fractures, were treated according to a surgical protocol which involved combined medial and lateral surgical approaches, accurate reduction and fixation of the condylar fracture with a single transcondylar lag screw, and then re-alignment and fixation of the diaphyseal fracture using two SOP plates and screws.
Results: Functional outcome was recorded as excellent in 10 dogs, good in two and poor in one. Six of the 13 patients were working dogs and of these, five returned to pre-injury levels of activity, including work. Complications requiring additional surgery were seen in four of the 13 cases, and three of these cases had a sub-optimal functional outcome.
Clinical significance: The results following repair of Y-T fractures using SOP locking plates, placed via combined medial and lateral incisions, compared favourably with those reported for other techniques.
Effects of autologous platelet rich plasma gel and calcium phosphate biomaterials on bone healing in an ulnar ostectomy model in dogs
Authors: Grand J.-G. , Dalibert E. , Fellah B. , Gauthier O. , Niebauer G.W. , Rabillard M. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe aim of the study was to evaluate the bone healing properties of an osteopromotive platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel in combination with osteoconductive calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic granules in a long-bone critical size defect in dogs. A standardised 2 cm long ulnar ostectomy was performed bilaterally in four dogs to compare new-bone formation by CaP matrix with and without association with PRP. Radiographic and histological evaluations were performed blindly. Radiographic evaluation was performed at three, six, nine, 12 and 16 weeks postoperatively. Quantitative measurements of new-bone formation were compared using statistical analysis. At explantation 16 weeks after surgery, no significant ossification was present, neither with CaP granules alone nor in association with PRP gel, and there was no difference of radiodensity between the groups. Qualitative histological evaluation demonstrated for both types of implants the presence of non-mineralised fibrous connective tissue around the CaP granules. New-bone formation was only present to a very small extent within the macropores of the CaP granules at the distal boneimplant interface. In our model which exhibited very limited osteoconduction, neither the CaP granules alone nor in association with PRP were sufficient to stimulate bone healing. In this canine model employing a critical size ulnar gap, the combination of CaP granules and PRP did not effectively promote bone regeneration.
La biopiraterie : réalité ou manipulation médiatico-politique ?
Authors: Zahluth Bastos Rodolpho 
Published: October 2009

Cet article se penche sur un cas particulier de « biopiraterie » ayant lieu en Amazonie brésilienne, chez les Indiens Krahó (État du Tocantins). On cherche notamment à démontrer à quel point le terme « biopiraterie » peut souvent masquer la réalité du terrain et des enjeux de la bioprospection. Le cas est intéressant à observer dans la mesure où il illustre bien les rivalités d’intérêts dans l’exploitation d’un territoire.
La piraterie dans le golfe d'Aden : les puissances désarmées ?
Authors: Gascon Alain 
Published: October 2009

À bord de rapides canots à moteur, les pirates somaliens du golfe d’Aden menacent la route maritime majeure qu’emprunte la moitié du trafic mondial des hydrocarbures. Ils opèrent surtout le long des rivages yéménites et se réfugient dans les ports de la côte somalienne de l’océan Indien. L’armada internationale, déployée depuis 1991 en appui à l’intervention de l’OTAN en Afghanistan et même relayée par les bases maritimes, paraît impuissante à les traquer. Sont-ils alliés à Al-Qaïda et font-ils diversion sur le flanc sud des forces engagées dans la « lutte contre le terrorisme»? Ou bien n’est-ce pas la poursuite, en mer, de la guerre civile qui déchire depuis 20 ans la Somalie ?
Validation of a Dysphagia Screening Tool in Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Edmiaston Jeff , Connor Lisa Tabor , Loehr Lynda , Nassief Abdullah 
Published: October 2009

Background Although many dysphagia screening tools exist, none has high sensitivity and reliability or can be administered quickly with minimal training.
Objective To design and validate a swallowing screening tool to be used by health care professionals who are not speech language pathologists to identify dysphagia and aspiration risk in acute stroke patients.
Methods In a prospective study of 300 patients admitted to the stroke service at an urban tertiary care hospital, interrater and test-retest reliabilities of a new tool (the Acute Stroke Dysphagia Screen) were established. The tool was administered by nursing staff when patients were admitted to the stroke unit. A speech language pathologist blinded to the results with the new tool administered the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability, a clinical bedside evaluation, with dysphagia operationally defined by a score less than 178.
Results The mean time from admission to screening with the new tool was 8 hours. The mean time between administration of the new tool and the clinical bedside evaluation was 32 hours. For the new tool, interrater reliability was 93.6% and test-retest reliability was 92.5%. The new tool had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 74% for detecting dysphagia and a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 68% for detecting aspiration risk.
Conclusions The Acute Stroke Dysphagia Screen is an easily administered and reliable tool that has sufficient sensitivity to detect both dysphagia and aspiration risk in acute stroke patients.
Long‐term outcome of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus co‐infection and single HBV infection acquired in youth
Authors: Zampino Rosa , Marrone Aldo , Merola Antonietta , Trani Barbara , Cirillo Grazia , Karayiannis Peter , Coppola Nicola , Zappalà Rosario , Utili Riccardo , Ruggiero Giuseppe , Adinolfi Luigi E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCo‐infection with HBV and HCV seems to be associated with more severe liver disease in retrospective and cross‐sectional studies in adults, but no data are available when co‐infection is acquired in youth. The long‐term outcome of infection acquired in youth was assessed in patients co‐infected with HBV and HCV and in patients with HBV infection only. Twenty‐seven patients with HBV and HCV co‐infection and 27 patients infected with HBV only were enrolled. Seventy‐six per cent of the patients were treated with α‐interferon for 1 year. After a median follow‐up of 23 years, the annual progression rate of fibrosis was 0.07 in patients co‐infected with HBV and HCV, and in those infected with HBV it was 0.07 and 0.11 (P < 0.004) for HBe and anti‐HBe‐positive patients, respectively. In co‐infected patients, the development of cirrhosis was observed in 2 (7.4%) and of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 1 (3.7%), while in those with HBV, cirrhosis appeared in one patient (3.7%). Alcohol intake (OR = 9.5 ± 1.2; 95% CI = 6.6–13.9; P < 0.0001) was independently associated with cirrhosis and HCC. α‐interferon showed no efficacy during treatment, but the treated group showed higher HCV RNA clearance during post‐treatment follow‐up. Co‐infection with HBV and HCV and single HBV infection acquired in youth showed a low rate of progression to liver fibrosis, no liver failure, and low development of HCC during a median follow‐up of 23 years (range 17–40). J. Med. Virol. 81:2012–2020, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐receptor switch during HAART is independent of virological success
Authors: Saracino Annalisa , Monno Laura , Cibelli Donatella C. , Punzi Grazia , Brindicci Gaetano , Ladisa Nicoletta , Tartaglia Alessandra , Lagioia Antonella , Angarano Gioacchino 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe influence of antiretroviral therapy on co‐receptor tropism remains controversial. To verify if co‐receptor tropism shift was affected by HAART, the evolution of proviral DNA V3 genotype after 12 months of a new antiretroviral regimen was compared between responder and non‐responder patients. Baseline blood samples were collected from 36 patients infected with HIV‐1 subtype‐B (18 naïve and 18 experienced) for virus isolation and env V3 genotyping from plasma HIV‐1 RNA and PBMC DNA. DNA V3 genotyping was repeated after 12 months from initiating HAART. WebPSSM was used for categorizing V3 sequences into X4 or R5; for analysis purposes, dual/mixed viruses were considered as X4. From the 10 (28%) patients changing their proviral DNA V3 genotype during therapy, six shifted from R5‐to‐X4 and four from X4‐to‐R5. The lack of reaching virological suppression was not associated with an X4‐to‐R5 (P = 0.25) or R5‐to‐X4 (P = 0.14) shift; time‐to‐viral suppression and CD4 increase were similar in both groups. No association was found between tropism shift and patient baseline characteristics including age, sex, CDC stage, CD4 count, viral load, exposure and length of previous HAART, enfuvirtide use in the new regimen, number of reverse transcriptase and protease resistance‐associated mutations. Conversely, CD4 nadir was correlated to emergence of X4 virus in proviral DNA (mean 27.2 ± 30.6 in R5‐to‐X4 shifting patients vs. 161.6 ± 150.6 in non‐shifting patients, P = 0.02). The occurrence of a tropism shift in both directions was independent of HAART use, irrespective of its efficacy. The CD4 count nadir was the only baseline characteristic able to predict an R5‐to‐X4 viral shift. J. Med. Virol. 81:2036–2044, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection facilitates acute colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice
Authors: de Vrankrijker Angélica M.M. , Wolfs Tom F.W. , Ciofu Oana , Høiby Niels , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Poulsen Steen S. , Johansen Helle Krogh 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals and patients ventilated mechanically and is the major pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis, in which it causes chronic infections. Epidemiological, in vitro and animal data suggest a role for respiratory virus infections in facilitating colonization and infection with P. aeruginosa. A study was undertaken to determine whether respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection could facilitate the initiation of an acute infection with P. aeruginosa in vivo. Balb/c mice were infected intranasally with P. aeruginosa, with and without simultaneous inoculation with RSV. Lung function measurements were undertaken using Whole Body Plethysmography and lungs were harvested 24 hr after inoculation. Mice exposed to RSV and P. aeruginosa showed 2,000 times higher colony‐forming units (CFU) counts of P. aeruginosa in the lung homogenates when compared to mice which were only infected with P. aeruginosa and lung function changes were more severe in co‐infected mice. Control mice receiving RSV alone showed no significant changes in lung function or cytokine production, and no inflammatory changes in the lung parenchyma. These results suggest that RSV can facilitate the initiation of acute P. aeruginosa infection without the RSV infection being clinically apparent. This could have implications for treatment strategies to prevent opportunistic P. aeruginosa lung infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:2096–2103, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of human papillomaviruses in urine samples of male patients infected with HIV‐1 in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Costa Fernando A.M. , da Silva Roberto Carvalho , Arruda Liã B. , Duarte Alberto J.S. , Casseb Jorge 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHuman papillomavirus is a DNA virus that includes 118 genotypes. HPV16 is responsible for 80% of cervical cancer in women. Men are important reservoirs and major transmitters of HPV to their partners. The aim of this study was to detect HPV DNA and to determine the prevalence of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 in urine samples of men infected with HIV‐1. This study included 223 patients infected with HIV‐1 from the Center of Reference on HIV/AIDS (CRT‐SP) and an outpatient clinic of HIV. Urine samples were collected and after DNA extraction real‐time PCR was performed for detection of HPV DNA. Positive samples were then tested by conventional PCR using type‐specific primers for the four HPV types. A total of 223 men infected with HIV‐1 were tested, 81% of whom were on HAART. Four (5.8%) were positive for HPV6, 18 (26.1%) were positive for HPV11, 22 (31.9%) were positive for HPV16 and five (7.2%) were positive for HPV18 by conventional PCR. Twenty (29%) patients had other HPV types and five patients (1.5%) had multiple types. The mean T CD4+cells count was 517 and 441 cells/mm3 (P = 0.30), in HPV negative and positive men, respectively. The HIV viral load was higher in the HPV negative group than for in the men with HPV (P = 0.0002). A 30.9% prevalence of HPV was found in asymptomatic urine samples of men infected with HIV‐1. This study suggests that urine may be a useful specimen for HPV screening. J. Med. Virol. 81:2007–2011, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of a modified loop‐mediated isothermal amplification kit for detecting Norovirus genogroups I and II
Authors: Yoda Tomoko , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Yamazaki Kenji , Sakon Naomi , Kanki Masashi , Kase Tetsuo , Takahashi Kazuo , Inoue Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNorovirus is a major etiologic agent in worldwide outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with food as well as person‐to‐person transmission. The ubiquitous nature of Norovirus necessitates simple and rapid detection methods with high accuracy and sensitivity. To this end, several investigators have evaluated the usefulness of commercial reverse‐transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) kits for detecting Norovirus genogroups I (GI) and II (GII). In previous studies, the conventional Loopamp kit for Norovirus GII showed a relatively high detection rate, while that for Norovirus GI showed a relatively low detection rate. In the present study, clinical Norovirus specimens were used to compare the detection rate of a modified Loopamp kit for Norovirus GI with the rates of the conventional Loopamp kit for Norovirus GI and an “in‐house” RT‐LAMP GI primer set, methods which had a high detection rate. Results from the present study showed that the modified Loopamp kit for Norovirus GI had a higher detection rate for two viral genotypes (GI.3, GI.11). On comparison with an “in‐house” GII primer set using genotype GII.4 viruses circulating recently, the detection rate by the Loopamp kit for Norovirus GII was found to be higher, with a 98% detection rate. These results indicate the applicability of the modified LAMP kit for GI and the conventional LAMP kit for GII for detection of Noroviruses in clinical samples. J. Med. Virol. 81:2072–2078, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.