bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer detection after a negative prostate biopsy: Lessons learnt in the Cleveland Clinic experience
Authors: Zaytoun Osama M , Jones J Stephen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUrologists are often faced with the dilemma of managing patients with a negative initial prostate biopsy in whom clinical or pathological risk for prostate cancer still exists. Such real‐life challenging scenarios might raise questions such as: Who should undergo further biopsies? What are the optimal predictors for prostate cancer on subsequent biopsies? What is the optimal biopsy protocol that should be used? When to stop the biopsy cascade? The last decade has witnessed numerous studies that have analyzed factors conferring a significant risk for cancer discovered on repeat biopsies. We and others have developed predictive models to aid decision‐making regarding pursuing further biopsies. For decades, high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia has been considered a strong risk indicator for subsequent cancer. However, it has been recently shown that only through segmentation of this heterogeneous population does the real risk profile emerge. Biopsy templates underwent modification regarding the number and location of cores with emergence of the transrectal or brachytherapy grid transperineal saturation biopsy. However, the best biopsy protocol remains controversial. We have refined the initial biopsy template to a 14 core initial biopsy template that optimizes cancer detection, and have shown that transrectal saturation biopsy significantly improves cancer detection for repeat biopsy. Another concern is the overdiagnosis of clinically insignificant cancer on repeat biopsies, so we explored ways to limit this, and to deal with its ramifications. Through carrying out a Medline literature search, we critically evaluated pertinent articles together with emphasis of our own journey in this arena to assist in the decision‐making process for repeat biopsy population.
Satisfaction with continuous glucose monitoring in adults and youths with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Tansey M. , Laffel L. , Cheng J. , Beck R. , Coffey J. , Huang E. , Kollman C. , Lawrence J. , Lee J. , Ruedy K. , Tamborlane W. , Wysocki T. , Xing D. ,   on behalf of Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group
Published: June 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1118–1122 (2011)AbstractAims  To describe satisfaction with continuous glucose monitoring in Type 1 diabetes; to correlate continuous glucose monitoring satisfaction scores with usage; and to identify common themes in perceived benefits and barriers of monitoring reported by adults, youths and the parents of youths in the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation continuous glucose monitoring trials.Methods  The Continuous Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale questionnaire was completed after 6 months of monitoring. Participants also answered open‐ended queries of positive and negative attributes of continuous glucose monitoring.Results  More frequent monitoring was associated with higher satisfaction for adults (n = 224), youths (n = 208) and parents of youths (n = 192) (all P < 0.001) in both the ‘benefits’ and ‘hassles’ sub‐scales of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale, but the greatest differences between the two groups involved scores on hassle items. Common barriers to monitoring use included insertion pain, system alarms and body issues; while common benefits included glucose trend data, opportunities to self‐correct out‐of‐range glucose levels and to detect hypoglycaemia.Conclusions  As frequent use of continuous glucose monitoring is associated with improved glycaemic control without increased hypoglycaemia it is important to overcome barriers, reinforce benefits and set realistic expectations for this technology in order to promote its more consistent and frequent use in individuals with Type 1 diabetes.
Export Premia and Subcontracting Discount: Passive Strategies and Performance in Domestic and Foreign Markets
Authors: Razzolini Tiziano , Vannoni Davide 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on firms’ productivity and exporting decisions by analysing the role played by organisational choice aspects. Rather than setting up a vertically integrated structure, manufacturers may act as subcontractors in both domestic and foreign markets, and produce to satisfy the requirements of other firms. The predictions that the most productive firms self‐select into exporting, whereas the least productive ones work as subcontractors serving the domestic market only, are tested on a sample of Italian firms observed during the 1998–2003 period. The results of our estimates highlight a ranking of firms consistent with a priori expectations, and provide a clear indication that passive exporters (i.e. those using subcontracting in foreign markets) display lower total factor productivity (TFP) values when compared with direct exporters. Moreover, only the latter category exhibits higher pre‐entry productivity levels and growth rates as well as higher post‐entry TFP growth rates. Such findings are consistent with both the self‐selection hypothesis and the learning‐by‐exporting explanation.
Political Connection, Bank Credits and Growth: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Onder Zeynep , Ozyildirim Süheyla 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe pervasive existence of government‐owned banks in emerging economies is often justified by their provision of access to credit in remote and underdeveloped regions that are ignored by private banks. This paper analyses whether credits provided by government‐owned and private banks have a significant role in regional growth and whether this role changes in politically connected areas in Turkey. Our findings imply that private banks significantly improve the economic well‐being in all Turkish provinces regardless of their development level or their political connection with the ruling party. However, credits by government‐owned banks are found to be positively related to the per capita growth rate only in the less developed provinces that are advocates of the ruling political party and also developed but not politically connected provinces. These results suggest that government‐owned bank credits, as implied by the political view, are used for funding politically desirable projects or politically connected borrowers.
Foreign Acquisition, Wages and Productivity
Authors: Bandick Roger 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of foreign acquisition on wages and total factor productivity (TFP) in the years following a takeover by using unique detailed firm‐level data for Sweden for the period 1993–2002. The paper takes particular account of potential endogeneity of the acquisition decision (for example, due to ‘cherry picking’) by implementing an instrumental variable approach and propensity score matching with difference‐in‐difference estimation. Moreover, in line with the recent literature on firm heterogeneity and trade, this paper allows for the acquisition effect to differ depending on whether the targeted firms were domestic multinational or non‐multinationals before the foreign takeover. This paper also allows for the acquisition effect to differ depending on whether the acquisition is horizontal or vertical. Our results show that foreign acquisition has no effects on overall, skilled or less‐skilled wage growth, either in targeted Swedish MNEs or in targeted Swedish non‐MNEs or if the acquisition was motivated by vertical or horizontal motives. However, the results indicate that both targeted Swedish MNEs and non‐MNEs have better growth in TFP after vertical foreign acquisition only but no such impact from horizontal foreign acquisition.
Dangerous Interactions: Problems in Interpreting Tests of Conditional Aid Effectiveness
Authors: Fielding David , Knowles Stephen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThere is now a substantial empirical literature examining the determinants of aid effectiveness. A large part of this makes inferences based on a regression incorporating aid (as a share of recipient GDP) interacted with some institutional or policy variable. Recently, some authors have questioned the statistical robustness of such regressions, pointing out that results vary according to the way aid is measured and the estimator applied to the data. Moreover, the regression equations used to test hypotheses about the determinants of aid effectiveness are often introduced without any corresponding formal theory. We explore aid‐policy interaction terms in the context of a simple theoretical model, showing how different nonlinearities may be conflated. The resulting difficulties in the interpretation of aid‐growth regressions are illustrated in the context of a seminal paper in the conditional aid effectiveness literature. One simple change in the way that aid is measured – in per capita terms rather than as a fraction of GDP – completely changes the regression results. This indicates that adding interaction terms to otherwise linear regression equations is an inadequate way of capturing the nonlinearities in the growth process. Our aim is to re‐emphasise the importance of grounding.
Biochemical properties and in vivo effects of the SOD1 zinc‐binding site mutant (H80G)
Authors: Son Marjatta , Srikanth Uma , Puttaparthi Krishna , Luther Christina , Elliott Jeffrey L. 
Published: June 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 891–901.AbstractThis study presents the initial characterization of transgenic mice with mutations in a primary zinc‐binding residue (H80), either alone or with a G93A mutation. H80G;G93A superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) transgenic mice developed paralysis with motor neuron loss, and ubiquitin inclusion‐type rather than mitochondrial vacuolar pathology. Unlike G93A SOD1‐related disease, the course was not accelerated by over‐expression of copper chaperone for SOD1. H80G SOD1 transgenic mice did not manifest disease at levels of SOD1 transgene expressed. The H80G mutation altered certain biochemical parameters of both human wild‐type SOD1 and G93A SOD1. The H80G mutation does not substantially change the age‐dependent accumulation of G93A SOD1 aggregates and hydrophobic species in spinal cord. However, both H80G;G93A SOD1 and H80G SOD1 lack dismutase activity, the ability to form homodimers, and co‐operativity with copper chaperone for SOD1, indicating that their dimerization interface is abnormal. The H80G mutation also made SOD1 susceptible to protease digestion. The H80G mutation alters the redox properties of SOD1. G93A SOD1 exists in either reduced or oxidized form, whereas H80G;G93A SOD1 and H80G SOD1 exist only in a reduced state. The inability of SOD1 with an H80G mutation to take part in normal oxidation‐reduction reactions has important ramifications for disease mechanisms and pathology in vivo.
Explaining preferences for redistribution: A unified framework to account for institutional approaches and economic self‐interest for the case of monetary transfers for families and children
Authors: MEHLKOP GUIDO , NEUMANN ROBERT 
Published: June 2011

AbstractExplanations of different patterns of preferences for redistribution either highlight the role of the institutional framework in a country or highlight the importance of self‐interest and rational expectations. The study introduces a unified approach to explain differences in preferences for redistributive measures for the case of intergenerational monetary transfers for families and children. Both explanatory approaches are integrated into the action‐based Model of Frame Selection that incorporates normative motives and economic self‐interest into the process of decision making. Using a large sample that deals with questions on the approval of public policies for families and accounts for the normative importance of children and family life in Germany, evidence is provided that both approaches are valid in explaining preferences for government transfers.
Strategies to prevent or reduce acute and chronic kidney injury in liver transplantation
Authors: Saner Fuat H. , Cicinnati Vito R. , Sotiropoulos Georgios , Beckebaum Susanne 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) has a major impact on short‐ and long‐term survival in liver transplant (LT) patients. There is no currently accepted uniform definition of AKI, which would facilitate standardization of the care of patients with AKI and to improve and enhance collaborative research efforts. New promising biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin or kidney injury molecule‐1 have been developed for the prevention of delayed AKI treatment. Early dialysis has been shown to be beneficial in patients with AKI stage III according to the classification of the Acute Kidney Injury Network, whereas treatment with loop diuretics or dopamine is associated with worse outcome. The mainstay for the prevention of AKI seems to be avoidance of volume depletion and maintenance of a mean arterial pressure >65 mmHg. Although the aetiology of chronic kidney disease in transplant recipients may be multifactorial, calcineurin‐inhibitor (CNI)‐induced nephrotoxicity significantly contributes to the development of renal dysfunction over time after LT. The delayed introduction of CNI at minimal doses has shown to be safe and effective for the preservation of kidney function. Other strategies to overcome CNI nephrotoxicity include CNI minimization protocols or CNI withdrawal and conversion to mycophenolate mofetil or the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor‐based immunosuppressive regimens. However, CNI avoidance may bear a higher rejection risk. Thus, more results from randomized‐controlled studies are urgently warranted to determine which drug combinations are the most beneficial approaches for the potential introduction of CNI‐free immunosuppressive regimens.
Dental implant suprastructures using cobalt–chromium alloy compared with gold alloy framework veneered with ceramic or acrylic resin: a retrospective cohort study up to 18 years
Authors: Teigen Kyrre , Jokstad Asbjørn 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground: An association between the long‐term success and survival of implant‐supported prostheses as a function of biomaterial combinations has not been established. The use of cast cobalt–chromium for the suprastructure framework may be an alternative to the conventional approach of using type 3 gold alloys.Materials and methods: A retrospective chart audit of all patients who had received implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDP) before 1996 was identified in a private practice clinic. Data were recorded for FDPs made from four combinations of alloy frameworks and veneering material, i.e. type 3 gold and cobalt–chromium with ceramic or prefabricated acrylic teeth. The extracted data from the charts were subjected to explorative statistical tests including Kaplan–Meier survival analyses.Results: Patients (n=198) with 270 short and extensive FDPs supported entirely by 1117 implants were identified. The average follow‐up observation periods varied between 4 and 220 months, with an average of 120 months. The success and survival, as well as event rates and types of biological and technical complications, were similar for implant‐supported FDPs using cobalt–chromium and type 3 gold alloy frameworks veneered with ceramics or prefabricated acrylic teeth. An influence of the suprastructure biomaterial combination on the clinical performance of the individual supporting implants could not be established.Conclusions: Implant‐supported FDPs made from type 3 gold or cobalt–chromium frameworks and veneered with ceramic or prefabricated acrylic teeth demonstrate comparable clinical performance. The biomaterial combinations do not appear to influence the success or survival of the individual implants.To cite this article: Teigen K, Jokstad A. Dental implant suprastructures using cobalt–chromium alloy compared with gold alloy framework veneered with ceramic or acrylic resin: a retrospective cohort study up to 18 years. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 853–860. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02211.x
Evaluation of a biodegradable synthetic hydrogel used as a guided bone regeneration membrane: an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Dard Michel M. , Hälg Gian‐Andrea , Ramel Christian F. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objectives: To test whether or not an experimental polyethylene glycol (PEG) membrane maintains the bone graft volume and contributes to the preservation of the ridge contour in comparison with a commercially available synthetic membrane.
Materials and methods: In 18 dogs, all mandibular premolars and the first molars were extracted. Ten weeks later, acute standardized defects were prepared. The defects of four dogs were randomly assigned to three modalities: (1) PEG plus deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) (PEG), (2) a resorbable glycolide trimethylene carbonate membrane plus DBBM (PGA‐TMC), and (3) DBBM alone (DBBM). These dogs were then sacrificed for the baseline measurements. The remaining defects of 14 dogs were randomly assigned to (1) PEG plus DBBM, (2) PGA‐TMC plus DBBM, (3) DBBM, and (4) empty defect. The dogs were sacrificed at baseline (n=4), 4 weeks (n=7), or at 16 weeks (n=7). Mixed model regressions and the non‐parametric Brunner–Langer method were applied for statistical analysis.
Results: At baseline, equal tissue augmentation was observed in all groups. At 4 and 16 weeks, the greatest augmented area fractions were calculated for PEG (103%; 107%, respectively), followed by PGA‐TMC (98%; 91%), DBBM (85%; 78%), and empty (46%; 54%), being statistically significant different (P<0.001) between PEG and empty at 4 and 16 weeks, and PEG and DBBM at 16 weeks. The overall decrease (P≤0.01) in the amount of bone graft between baseline and 16 weeks was −14% (PEG), −22% (PGA‐TMC), and −23% (DBBM).
Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the combination of the PEG membrane with DBBM maintains the bone graft volume over time better than controls. The PEG membrane with DBBM was also the most effective method to preserve the ridge contour.
To cite this article: Thoma DS, Dard MM, Hälg G‐A, Ramel CF, Hämmerle CHF, Jung RE. Evaluation of a biodegradable synthetic hydrogel used as a guided bone regeneration membrane: an experimental study in dogs. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 160–168.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02217.x
Influence of the crown‐to‐implant length ratio on the clinical performance of implants supporting single crown restorations: a cross‐sectional retrospective 5‐year investigation
Authors: Schneider David , Witt Lukas , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the crown‐to‐implant length ratio (c/i ratio) on the implant survival, changes of the marginal bone level (MBL) and the occurrence of biological and technical complications.
Material and methods: This cross‐sectional retrospective study included all patients with implants in the posterior segments supporting single crown restorations with a minimum follow‐up of 5 years. All patients were questioned and examined clinically and radiographically. The technical and biological c/i ratio and the MBL were measured on digitized periapical radiographs. The following outcome parameters in relation to the c/i ratio and the co‐factors were statistically analyzed: implant survival rate, MBL, occurrence of technical and biological complications. For statistical analysis, regression, correlation and survival analyses were applied (P<0.05).
Results: Seventy patients (mean age of 50.7 years [range 19.8–76.6 years]) with a total of 100 implants (24 Straumann type, 76 Brånemark type) were included in this study. The mean follow‐up period was 6.2 years (range 4.73–11.7 years). Six implants failed during the follow‐up period, yielding a cumulative survival rate of 95.8% at 5 years in function. The mean technical c/i ratio was 1.04 (±0.26, range 0.59–2.01). The mean biological c/i ratio was 1.48 (±0.42, range 0.82–3.24). No statistically significant influence of the technical and biological c/i ratio was found on the implant survival, MBL and occurrence of technical and biological complications. When adjusted for the biological c/i ratio, smoking was the only co‐factor significantly associated with implant failure and biological complications.
Conclusion: In the present study, the c/i ratio did not influence the clinical performance of implants supporting single crown restorations in the posterior segments of the jaw within the range tested.
To cite this article: Schneider D, Witt L, Hämmerle CHF. Influence of the crown‐to‐implant length ratio on the clinical performance of implants supporting single crown restorations: a cross‐sectional retrospective 5‐year investigation. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 169–174.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02230.x
Increased fibroblast density in actinic cheilitis: association with tryptase‐positive mast cells, actinic elastosis and epithelial p53 and COX‐2 expression
Authors: Rojas Isolde G. , Boza Yadira V. , Spencer Maria Loreto , Flores Maritza , Martínez Alejandra 
Published: June 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 27–33Background:  Actinic cheilitis (AC) is characterized by epithelial and connective tissue alterations caused by ultraviolet sunlight overexposure known as photodamage. Fibroblasts have been linked to photodamage and tumor progression during skin carcinogenesis; however, their role in early lip carcinogenesis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the density of fibroblasts in AC and normal lip (NL) samples and determine their association with markers of lip photodamage.Methods:  Fibroblasts, mast cells, p53, COX‐2, and elastin were detected in NL (n = 20) and AC (n = 28) biopsies using immunohistochemistry/histochemistry. Mast cell and fibroblast density and epithelial p53 and COX‐2 expression scores were then obtained. Elastosis was scored 1–4 according to elastin fiber density and tortuosity.Results:  Fibroblasts, mast cells, p53, COX‐2, and elastosis were increased in AC as compared to NL (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed an association between fibroblast and mast cell density at the papillary and reticular areas of AC and NL (P < 0.05). Papillary fibroblast density was also associated with epithelial p53 and COX‐2 expression (P < 0.05). Increased fibroblast density, both papillary and reticular, was found in the high elastosis group (scores 3–4) as compared to the low elastosis group (scores 1–2) (P < 0.01). Increased reticular mast cell density was detected only in the high elastosis group (P < 0.01).Conclusions:  Fibroblasts are increased in AC, and they are associated with mast cell density, epithelial p53 and COX‐2 expression, and actinic elastosis. Therefore, fibroblasts may contribute to lip photodamage and could be considered useful markers of early lip carcinogenesis.