bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VAT‐1 is a novel pathogenic factor of progressive benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Mori Fumitaka , Tanigawa Kiyoshi , Endo Kanji , Minamiguchi Kazuhisa , Abe Masaaki , Yamada Shizuo , Miyoshi Kazuhisa 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), arising from prostatic stromal hyperplasia (STH), is a progressive disease associated with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The mechanism of this STH remains unclear because there is no suitable model to study BPH pathology. Previously, we reported a new experimental BPH model that is clinically relevant to STH (the STH model). To elucidate prostatic STH mechanism, we used a compound found to be effective in the STH model.METHODSA binding protein specific for the effective compound in the STH model was pulled down using a compound‐conjugated affinity matrix and identified by mass spectrometry. The RNA interference (RNAi) method was used to confirm the participation of the binding protein in cell proliferation. The binding protein expression in the prostate was assessed by immunohistochemistry.RESULTSA benzimidazole derivative (Benz) significantly suppressed growth of implanted urogenital sinuses (UGS; 37.1%) in the STH model and inhibited the proliferation of human prostate stromal cells (PrSC) in a concentration‐dependent manner (IC50 = 0.43 µM). Vesicle amine transport protein‐1 (VAT‐1) was identified as a specific binding protein of Benz. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the VAT‐1 expression level was higher in both epithelial and stromal cells of rat UGS and human BPH tissue than in normal prostate. VAT‐1 siRNA markedly inhibited proliferation of PrSC, two androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145), and suppressed UGS growth (28.2%) in the STH model.CONCLUSIONSHere, we demonstrate that VAT‐1 is a novel pathogenic factor in BPH associated with cell proliferation. Prostate 71:1579–1586, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing habitat to help the plight of the bumblebee
Authors: Blake Robin J , Westbury Duncan B , Woodcock Ben A , Sutton Peter , Potts Simon G 
Published: March 2011

AbstractModern farming has caused considerable declines in UK bumblebee populations, and, while options exist for farmers to increase the quantity of bee‐friendly habitat, uptake has been low. Robin Blake explains how existing habitats on farms could be enhanced for the benefit of bumblebees. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Pyrethroid resistance and thiacloprid baseline susceptibility of European populations of Meligethes aeneus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) collected in winter oilseed rape
Authors: Zimmer Christoph T , Nauen Ralf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus F. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is a major pest in European winter oilseed rape. Recently, control failures with pyrethroid insecticides commonly used to control this pest have been reported in many European countries. For resistance management purposes, the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid was widely introduced as a new mode of action for pollen beetle control.RESULTS: A number of pollen beetle populations collected in Germany, France, Austria, Great Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Poland, Czech Republic and Ukraine were tested for pyrethroid resistance using lambda‐cyhalothrin‐coated glass vials (adult vial test). Most of the populations tested exhibited substantial levels of resistance to lambda‐cyhalothrin, and resistance ratios ranged from < 10 to > 2000. A similar resistance monitoring bioassay for the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid was developed and validated by assessing baseline susceptibility data for 88 European pollen beetle populations. A variation of less than fivefold in response to thiacloprid was detected. The thiacloprid adult vial bioassay is based on glass vials coated with an oil‐dispersion‐based formulation of thiacloprid, resulting in a much better bioavailability compared with technical material. Analytical measurements revealed a > 56 and 28 day stability of thiacloprid and lambda‐cyhalothrin in coated glass vials at room temperature, respectively. No cross‐resistance between thiacloprid and lambda‐cyhalothrin based on log‐dose probit–mortality data was detected.CONCLUSION: Pyrethroid resistance in many European populations of M. aeneus was confirmed, whereas all populations are susceptible to thiacloprid when tested in a newly designed and validated monitoring bioassay based on glass vials coated with oil‐dispersion‐formulated thiacloprid. Based on the homogeneous results, it is concluded that thiacloprid could be an important chemical tool for pollen beetle resistance management strategies in European winter oilseed rape. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Contribution of Pt layer to hydrogen mediation in ZnCoO
Authors: Shin Jong Moon , Cho Yong Chan , Cha Su‐Young , Lee Seunghun , Kim Sung‐Jin , Kim Sung‐Kyu , Park Sungkyun , Cho Chae Ryong , Jeong Se‐Young 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe succeeded in injecting large amounts of hydrogen into Co‐doped ZnO (ZnCoO) thin films by coating the films with a Pt layer, which facilitated the dissociation of molecular hydrogen into hydrogen ions. Because of the hydrogen mediation effect in ZnCoO, the ferromagnetic spin ordering between the Co ions was proportional to the injected thin film. Hydrogenation of the ZnCoO films was carried out by a post plasma treatment process. The thin Pt layer fabricated on the ZnCoO films helped in enhancing the adsorption rate of hydrogen near the film surface up to 50 nm of depth. The Pt layer evaporated during the plasma process because of the weak adhesion between Pt and ZnCoO, and therefore, we could not optimize the hydrogen injection efficiency. To increase the number of applications based on the hydrogen mediation effect, it is necessary to gain a thorough understanding of the behavior of hydrogen ions in transition metal‐doped ZnO films and the role of the Pt layer in hydrogen mediation.
Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of Aurivillius phase intergrowth ferroelectrics and the underlying materials design
Authors: Yi Z. G. , Li Y. X. , Liu Y. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFerroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the La‐doped intergrowth Aurivillius phase ceramics Bi5−xLaxTiNbWO15 and Bi7−xLaxTi4NbO21 (x = 0.00–1.75) were studied. It was found that the La doping is in favour of the domain switching. Owing to the impact of defects, the P–E hysteresis loops of the La‐doped Bi5TiNbWO15 ceramics are un‐symmetrical and the piezoelectric coefficients are quite low. Enhanced ferro‐/piezoelectric properties, such as 2Pr of 24.4 µC/cm2 (x = 0.50) and d33 of 16.6 pC/N (x = 0.75), were obtained in the Bi7−xLaxTi4NbO21 ceramics. The high temperature electrical behaviour indicates that the Bi5−xLaxTiNbWO15 ceramics are semiconducting whereas the La‐doped Bi7Ti4NbO21 ceramics are worthy to be further studied toward high temperature piezoelectric applications. Finally, the underlying materials design is discussed.
Improvement of resistance switching properties for metal/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt devices
Authors: Yang Rui , Li Xiaomin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOn the polycrystalline La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) film, various top electrodes (TEs) have been prepared to form metal/LCMO/Pt devices, including Al, Ag and Ag–Al alloy with the atomic ratio of Ag/Al = 2:1. It is found that the switching polarity of the devices with Al as TE is opposite to those with Ag as TE. For the Al layered devices, the endurance and switching speed have been effectively improved by decreasing the thickness of the Al electrode from 50 to 10 nm. Meanwhile, the endurance and yield of the resistance switching behaviour observed at Ag layered structure have been improved by alloying some Al into Ag electrode. The present work suggests a possible way to improve the resistance switching properties by adjusting the microstructure of the electrodes to modulate the interface structure of the metal/LCMO interface.
Demands of highly piezoelectric materials for radio frequency acoustic wave devices
Authors: Hashimoto Ken‐ya 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper is aimed at making it clear why we device engineers are keen to have high quality and highly piezoelectric materials for sophisticated radio frequency (RF) surface and bulk acoustic wave (SAW/BAW) devices to be used in future communication systems. First, RF SAW/BAW resonators and their filter application are introduced, and it is shown how the resonator properties directly reflect to achievable filter performances. Discussions are also provided on how the acoustic and piezoelectric properties of base materials influence the total device performances. An emphasis is given to the fact that use of high quality and highly piezoelectric materials is essential for the applications. It is also demonstrated how high performance devices are achievable by the use of high coupling materials such as a single‐crystalline LiNbO3 substrate with specific crystallographic orientation with extremely large electromechanical coupling. Further discussions are given on new applications of extremely wideband SAW/BAW resonators employing ferroelectric materials with extremely large electromechanical coupling.
Density functional theoretical study of pKa of RCOOH (RH, CH3, and C2H5) using the combination of the extended clusters‐continuum model
Authors: Du Dongmei , Qin Mei , Zhou Zhengyu , Fu Aiping 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe accurate pKa determinations for three carboxylic acids have been investigated using the combination of the extended clusters‐continuum model at B3LYP/6‐31+g(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐311++g(d,p) levels. To take into account of the effect of the water combined with carboxylic acids in different positions, eleven molecular clusters were considered. Among these clusters, the one involving the carboxylic acid wrapped up with water molecules and saturated with hydrogen bonds (four hydrogen bonds around COOH) leads to the best B3LYP pKa results compared to the experimental data. For those clusters saturated with hydrogen bonds, when n = 3 (the number of water molecules), the average absolute errors between the calculated pKa results and experimental data of these three carboxylic acids were 0.19 (0.23) and 0.12 (0.22) pKa at B3LYP/6‐31+g(d,p)//PCM (IEFPCM) and B3LYP/6‐311++g(d,p)//PCM (IEFPCM) levels, respectively; when n = 4, they are 0.53 (1.23) and 1.09 (1.03) pKa, respectively. On the basis of the above results, the molecular cluster saturated with four hydrogen bonds formed by three waters and one carboxylic acid molecule was the chief existence in the carboxylic acid solution. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Ab initio and semiempirical computational studies on 1‐{(2E)‐2‐[(aminocarbonothioyl)hydrazono]‐2‐(3‐mesityl‐3‐methylcyclobutyl)ethyl}‐pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione
Authors: Karakurt Tuncay , Dinçer Muharrem , Çukurovali Alaaddin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, and gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H‐ and 13C NMR chemical shift values of the title compound in the ground state have been calculated using the Hartree‐Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods with 6‐31G(d) basis sets, and compared with the experimental data. The calculated results show that the optimized geometries can well reproduce the crystal structural parameters and the theoretical vibrational frequencies, and 1H‐ and 13C NMR chemical shift values show good agreement with experimental data. To determine conformational flexibility, the molecular energy profile of the title compound was obtained by semiempirical (AM1) calculations with respect to the selected torsion angle, which was varied from −180° to +180° in steps of 10°. The energetic behavior of the title compound in solvent media was examined using the B3LYP method with the 6‐31G(d) basis set by applying the Onsager and the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The results obtained with these methods reveal that the PCM method provided more stable structure than Qnsager's method. By using TD‐DFT method, electronic absorption spectra of the title compound have been predicted and a good agreement with the TD‐DFT method and the experimental one is determined. The predicted nonlinear optical properties of the title compound are much greater than ones of urea. In addition, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis, NBO analysis and thermodynamic properties of the title compound were investigated using theoretical calculations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
An elliptic curve secret sharing key management scheme for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Dahshan Hisham , Irvine James 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), traditional security solutions are not adequate due to the infrastructureless nature and the absence of centralized administration. In this paper, a threshold key management scheme for MANETs is presented. The proposed scheme is implemented using elliptic curve dlog‐based cryptosystem. In this scheme, an off‐line central authority (CA) is required in the initialization phase before network deployment. The CA creates and preloads the shares matrix for each mobile node in the network initialization phase. Each session member generates its private/public key pair, and the session public key by collaborating with its trusted neighbors. The generation of the node private/public key pair, and the session public key is performed without any prior communication between session members. The advantages of the proposed scheme are justified through extensive timing and network simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient distributed key management scheme for group‐signature based anonymous authentication in VANET
Authors: Sun Yipin , Feng Zhenqian , Hu Qiaolin , Su Jinshu 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTGroup signature is one of the well‐known cryptographic primitives for anonymous authentication which is the fundamental requirement for securing vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), but it is prone to cause huge revocation overhead in VANETs with millions of nodes and serious security risk. To solve this problem, we develop an efficient distributed key management scheme (DKM) where the whole domain of VANET is divided into several sub‐regions, and any vehicle has to update its group secret key periodically from the regional group manager who manages the region where the vehicle stays. Unlike the previously reported works, DKM prevents vehicles from leaking the value of the updated group secret key to the regional group manager during the group key updating process. Subsequently, it is capable of identifying either the compromised regional authorities or the malicious vehicles. Moreover, performance analysis demonstrates that DKM can reduce the revocation cost significantly while the communication cost for key updating is small. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling security message propagation in delay tolerant networks
Authors: Jia Zhongtian , Li Shudong , Peng Haipeng , Yang Yixian , Guo Shize 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTDelay tolerant networks (DTNs) are new emerging technologies aiming to solve communication issues in challenged network environments. In such networks, any real‐time interactive key agreement protocol does not work due to the intermittent connectivity and long time delay in message round trips. In the context of specific applications, such as single hop authentication, manual public key exchange is the most direct method because single hop authentication can be achieved by holding a small part of node's public key. To evaluate how many public keys should be maintained by each node to achieve a high propagation speed while single hop authentication scheme is used, in this paper, we proposed a security message propagation model for DTNs formed by vehicles where the extended graph theory and rumor spreading terminology in complex networks were harnessed. We find that holding 8–10 public keys by each node is optimal. And decay rate threshold is 0.16 under which message can be disseminated throughout the whole network. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined Characterization of microRNA and mRNA Profiles Delineates Early Differentiation Pathways of CD133+ and CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Bissels Ute , Wild Stefan , Tomiuk Stefan , Hafner Markus , Scheel Hartmut , Mihailovic Aleksandra , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Tuschl Thomas , Bosio Andreas 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in hematopoiesis. To elucidate the role of miRNAs in the early steps of hematopoiesis, we directly compared donor-matched CD133+ cells with the more differentiated CD34+CD133− and CD34−CD133− cells from bone marrow on the miRNA and mRNA level. Using quantitative whole genome miRNA microarray and sequencing-based profiling, we found that between 109 (CD133+) and 216 (CD34−CD133−) miRNAs were expressed. Quantification revealed that the 25 highest expressed miRNAs accounted for 73% of the total miRNA pool. miR-142-3p was the highest expressed miRNA with up to 2,000 copies per cell in CD34+CD133− cells. Eighteen miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between CD133+ and CD34+CD133− cells. We analyzed their biological role by examining the coexpression of miRNAs and its bioinformatically predicted mRNA targets and luciferase-based reporter assays. We provide the first evidence for a direct regulation of CD133 by miR-142-3p as well as tropomyosin 1 and frizzled homolog 5 by miR-29a. Overexpression of miRNAs in CD133+ cells demonstrated that miR-142-3p has a negative influence on the overall colony-forming ability. In conclusion, the miRNAs expressed differentially between the CD133+ and CD34+CD133− cells are involved in inhibition of differentiation, prevention of apoptosis, and cytoskeletal remodeling. These results are highly relevant for stem cell-based therapies with CD133+ cells and delineate for the first time how the stem cell character of CD133+ cells is defined by the expression of specific miRNAs.
Snail and the microRNA-200 Family Act in Opposition to Regulate Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Germ Layer Fate Restriction in Differentiating ESCs
Authors: Gill Jennifer G. , Langer Ellen M. , Lindsley R. Coleman , Cai Mi , Murphy Theresa L. , Kyba Michael , Murphy Kenneth M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe reprogramming of somatic cells to inducible pluripotent stem cells requires a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. While differentiating ESCs can undergo the reverse process or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), little is known about the role of EMT in ESC differentiation and fate commitment. Here, we show that Snail homolog 1 (Snail) is expressed during ESC differentiation and is capable of inducing EMT on day 2 of ESC differentiation. Induction of EMT by Snail promotes mesoderm commitment while repressing markers of the primitive ectoderm and epiblast. Snail's impact on differentiation can be partly explained through its regulation of a number of ESC-associated microRNAs, including the microRNA-200 (miR-200) family. The miR-200 family is normally expressed in ESCs but is downregulated in a Wnt-dependent manner during EMT. Maintenance of miR-200 expression stalls differentiating ESCs at the epiblast-like stem cell (EpiSC) stage. Consistent with a role for activin in maintaining the EpiSC state, we find that inhibition of activin signaling decreases miR-200 expression and allows EMT to proceed with a bias toward neuroectoderm commitment. Furthermore, miR-200 requires activin to efficiently maintain cells at the epiblast stage. Together, these findings demonstrate that Snail and miR-200 act in opposition to regulate EMT and exit from the EpiSC stage toward induction of germ layer fates. By modulating expression levels of Snail, activin, and miR-200, we are able to control the order in which cells undergo EMT and transition out of the EpiSC state.
Beyond 2°C: redefining dangerous climate change for physical systems
Authors: Lenton Timothy M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMost efforts to define a level of dangerous anthropogenic interference (DAI) with the climate system are framed in terms of global annual mean surface temperature change, with 2°C above preindustrial being the most widely accepted climate policy ‘target’. Yet, no actual large‐scale threshold (or ‘tipping point’) in the climate system (of which there are probably several) has been clearly linked to 2°C global warming. Of those that can be indirectly linked to global temperature change, the dangerous levels are necessarily imprecise and vary, with estimates ranging from ∼1°C above preindustrial upwards. Some potential thresholds cannot be meaningfully linked to global temperature change, others are sensitive to rates of climate change, and some are most sensitive to spatial gradients of climate change. In some cases, the heterogeneous distributions of reflective (sulfate) aerosols, absorbing (black carbon) aerosols, and land use could be more dangerous than changes in globally well‐mixed greenhouse gases. Hence, the framing of Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in terms of stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations (within a time frame), is too narrow to prevent some types of DAI. To address this, a reframed policy objective is proposed; to limit the overall magnitude, rate of change, and spatial gradients of anthropogenic radiative forcing, and resultant climate change, through restriction of emissions of anthropogenic aerosols, patterns of land use, and concentrations of short‐lived, as well as long‐lived, greenhouse gases. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 451–461 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.107This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Image steganography and steganalysis
Authors: Bachrach Mayra , Shih Frank Y. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractImage steganography is used to embed covert messages in the form of files, text, or other images in digital images. The intent is to transmit hidden information. Steganalysis is the process used to detect hidden messages in images. Although steganography is not a new discipline, it has become increasingly important in today's digital world where information is often and easily exchanged through the Internet, email, and other means using computers. The need for better methods and techniques which can be used both to embed hidden information in images and to detect messages hidden in images is driving new research in the area of steganography and steganalysis. This article surveys image steganography and steganalysis. The aim is to introduce the uninformed reader to image steganography and steganalysis. The key concepts behind image steganography and steganalysis are explained. The history and origin of steganography are outlined. Steganography is compared with watermarking in technique and intent. Details of how images are represented are explained. Methods and algorithms used to embed messages in images and to detect embedded messages are explored. Currently available steganography and steganalysis tools are explained. A demonstration of how to embed hidden information in an image using available steganography tools is provided. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 251–259 DOI: 10.1002/wics.152This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Image and Spatial Data