bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of isocyanate on the properties of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/Kenaf fiber composites
Authors: Jeon Seon Mi , Choo Ji Eun , Park Tae Hyeong , Hwang Sung Wook 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPoly(butylene‐adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT)/Kenaf fiber composites was prepared by the melt processing technique with various compositions to investigate the general properties. While the Young's modulus of the composite was profoundly improved, the tensile strength and elongation at break exhibited a significant diminished with the incorporation of kenaf fibers due to the poor interfacial adhesion between PBAT and Kenaf fibers. The Halpin‐Tsai model was applied, and the similar behavior of Young's modulus for the composite as compared to experimental results was calculated. The micro‐voids and cavitation were clearly confirmed by morphological observation. Reactive compatibilization with HDI improved the compatibility between PBAT and Kenaf fibers, and the mechanical performance was significantly enhanced due to improved interfacial adhesion. The PBAT/Kenaf composites with a reactive compatibilization showed considerable improvement of storage modulus, G′ in terminal region as well. The stable thermal stability could be also beneficial for thermal processing technique. The addition of Kenaf fiber resulted in a liquid‐like behavior decreasing elasticity of the PBAT/Kenaf composites. The HDI had a profound effect on increasing elasticity with solid‐like behavior resulting in enhancing the G′ and η* of the PBAT/Kenaf fiber composites due to the improved interfacial adhesion as confirmed from the morphological observation.Highlights
Kenaf fiber has a great effect on improvement of the modulus for PBAT/Kenaf composites
The optimized PBAT/Kenaf composite composition is 96/4 wt% ratio for the composite
HDI is found to be a good compatibilizer for PBAT and Kenaf fiber
Reactive compatibilization enhances the interfacial adhesion between PBAT and Kenaf fiber
The compatibilized PBAT/Kenaf composites have the better mechanical performance
Maternal “mirror” syndrome: Evaluating the benefits of fetal therapy
Authors: Sichitiu Joanna , Alkazaleh Fawaz , de Heus Roel , Abbasi Nimrah , van Mieghem Tim , Keunen Johannes , Windrim Rory , Seaward Gareth , Kelly Edmond N. , Lewi Liesbeth , Deprest Jan , Ryan Greg , Shinar Shiri 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes following fetal intervention in the context of maternal “mirror” syndrome.Study DesignA multicenter retrospective study of all cases of fetal hydrops complicated by maternal “mirror” syndrome and treated by any form of fetal therapy between 1995 and 2022. Medical records and ultrasound images of all cases were reviewed. “Mirror” syndrome was defined as fetal hydrops and/or placentomegaly associated with the maternal development of pronounced edema, with or without pre‐eclampsia. Fetal hydrops was defined as the presence of abnormal fluid collections in ≥2 body cavities.ResultsTwenty‐one pregnancies met the inclusion criteria. Causes of fetal hydrops and/or placentomegaly included fetal lung lesions (n = 9), twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (n = 6), severe fetal anemia (n = 4), and others (n = 2). Mean gestational age at “mirror” presentation was 27.0 ± 3.8 weeks. Maternal “mirror” syndrome was identified following fetal therapeutic intervention in 14 cases (66.6%). “Mirror” symptoms resolved or significantly improved before delivery in 8 (38.1%) cases with a mean interval from fetal intervention to maternal recovery of 13.1 days (range 4–35). Three women needed to be delivered because of worsening “mirror” syndrome. Of the 21 pregnancies treated (27 fetuses), there were 15 (55.5%) livebirths, 7 (25.9%) neonatal deaths and 5 (18.5%) intra‐uterine deaths.ConclusionFollowing successful treatment and resolution of fetal hydrops, maternal “mirror” syndrome can improve or sometimes completely resolve before delivery. Furthermore, the recognition that “mirror” syndrome may arise only after fetal intervention necessitates hightened patient maternal surveillance in cases of fetal hydrops.
Differences in clinical outcomes between men with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome and those with non‐mosaic Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Tsukamoto Juri , Enatsu Noritoshi , Nakahara Eri , Furuhashi Kohyu , Chiba Koji , Enatsu Yihsien , Mizusawa Yuri , Okamoto Eri , Kokeguchi Shoji , Shiotani Masahide 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study compared the clinical outcomes of men with Klinfelter syndrome based on karyotype.MethodsThe authors analyzed the outcomes of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro‐TESE) performed on 57 patients with Klinfelter syndrome (KS) at our clinic.ResultsThe average ages of the non‐mosaic and mosaic KS groups were 32.2 ± 4.8 and 45.9 ± 13.1 years, respectively. The sperm retrieval rates of the non‐mosaic and mosaic KS groups were 46.5% (20/43) and 50.0% (7/14), respectively. The fertilization rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection did not significantly differ between the non‐mosaic and mosaic KS groups. The mosaic KS group had higher cleavage and blastocyst development rates than the non‐mosaic KS group (72.2% vs. 96.2% and 30.5% vs. 44.7%, respectively). The group using motile sperm had better outcomes than the group using immotile sperm. The embryo transfer outcomes of the non‐mosaic and mosaic KS groups did not significantly differ (clinical pregnancy rate: 28.0% vs. 20.7%, miscarriage rate: 14.3% vs. 33.3%, production rate per transfer: 22.0% vs. 13.8%, and production rate per case: 58.8% vs. 57.1%).ConclusionsCompared with the non‐mosaic KS group, the mosaic KS group had significantly better intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes because of the higher utilization rate of motile sperm.
High incidence of decidualization failure in infertile women
Authors: Tamura Isao , Doi‐Tanaka Yumiko , Takasaki Akihisa , Shimamura Katsunori , Yoneda Toshihide , Takasaki Hitomi , Shiroshita Amon , Fujimura Taishi , Shirafuta Yuichiro , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeDecidualization is an important event for embryo implantation and successful pregnancy. Impaired decidualization leads to implantation failure and miscarriage. However, it is unclear how often decidualization failure occurs in infertile women. By analyzing the endometrium at late‐secretory phase, we investigated the incidence and pathogenesis of decidualization failure among infertile women.MethodsEndometrial dating was performed on the endometria obtained in the late‐secretory phase from 33 infertile women. Endometrial dating of more than 2 days delay was taken as an indication of decidualization failure. The expression of essential transcription factors for decidualization (FOXO1, WT1, and C/EBPβ) was examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsAmong 32 cases, 20 cases (62.5%) showed decidualization failure. These patients tended to have a history of more frequent miscarriages than those without decidualization failure. The percentage of cells that immunostained positive for the expression of three transcription factors was significantly lower in the patients with decidualization failure than in those without decidualization failure. Serum progesterone levels measured in the mid‐ and late‐secretory phase were not significantly different between the cases with and without decidualization failure.ConclusionsThe incidence of decidualization failure is high in infertile women.
Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubtitituted Tetrahydropyrimidinium Salts and Determination of Their Biological Properties and Molecular Docking
Authors: Karaca Emine Özge , Gürbüz Nevin , Demir Yeliz , Tüzün Burak , Özdemir İsmail , Gulcin İlhami 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeveral of 3,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidinium salts with 1‐methyl functionalization are produced. By using techniques for 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and IR spectroscopy, all compounds were investigated. Additionally, these compounds’ abilities to block enzymes were looked into. They had a highly effective inhibitory effect on the isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrases I and II, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Ki values were found in the range of 57.43±7.09–170.09±50.91 nM for AChE, 7.19±0.42–69.08±2.44 nM for BChE, and 46.48±5.74–203.38±46.15 nM for hCA I, and 30.19±4.03–171.96±30.27 nM for hCA II. As a result, 1,3‐disubtitituted tetrahydroprimidinium salts exhibited potent inhibition profiles toward indicated metabolic enzymes. One of the most important methods for designing and creating novel, potent medications to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide is the synthesis and discovery of new AChE and BChE inhibitors. The activities of synthesized 3,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidinium salts were compared against various proteins that are crystal structure of AChE (PDB ID: 4 M0E), crystal structure of BChE (PDB ID: 5NN0), crystal structure of hCA I (PDB ID: 2CAB), and crystal structure of hCA II (PDB ID: 3DC3), and then the drug properties of these molecules were examined.
Soft Synthetic Cells with Mobile Membrane Ligands for Ex Vivo Expansion of Therapy‐Relevant T Cell Phenotypes
Authors: Burgstaller Anna , Piernitzki Nils , Küchler Nadja , Koch Marcus , Kister Thomas , Eichler Hermann , Kraus Tobias , Schwarz Eva C. , Dustin Michael L. , Lautenschläger Franziska , Staufer Oskar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe expansion of T cells ex vivo is crucial for effective immunotherapy but currently limited by a lack of expansion approaches that closely mimic in vivo T cell activation. Taking inspiration from bottom‐up synthetic biology, a new synthetic cell technology is introduced based on dispersed liquid‐liquid phase‐separated droplet‐supported lipid bilayers (dsLBs) with tunable biochemical and biophysical characteristics, as artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) for ex vivo T cell expansion. These findings obtained with the dsLB technology reveal three key insights: first, introducing laterally mobile stimulatory ligands on soft aAPCs promotes expansion of IL‐4/IL‐10 secreting regulatory CD8+ T cells, with a PD‐1 negative phenotype, less prone to immune suppression. Second, it is demonstrated that lateral ligand mobility can mask differential T cell activation observed on substrates of varying stiffness. Third, dsLBs are applied to reveal a mechanosensitive component in bispecific Her2/CD3 T cell engager‐mediated T cell activation. Based on these three insights, lateral ligand mobility, alongside receptor‐ and mechanosignaling, is proposed to be considered as a third crucial dimension for the design of ex vivo T cell expansion technologies.
Multi‐Functional 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks with Diketopyrrolopyrrole as Electron Acceptor
Authors: Luo Liang , Li Chunbin , Wang Yuancheng , Chen Pinyu , Zhou Zhaoqiong , Chen Tianwen , Wu Kunlan , Ding San‐Yuan , Tan Luxi , Wang Jianguo , Shao Xiangfeng , Liu Zitong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D covalent organic framework (COF) materials with extended conjugated structure and periodic columnar π‐arrays exhibit promising applications in organic optoelectronics. However, there is a scarcity of reports on optoelectronic COFs, mainly due to the lack of suitable π‐skeletons. Here, two multi‐functional optoelectronic 2D COFs DPP‐TPP‐COF and DPP‐TBB‐COF are constructed with diketopyrrolopyrrole as electron acceptor (A), and 1,3,6,8‐tetraphenylpyrene and 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene as electron donor (D) through imine bonds. Both 2D COFs showed good crystallinities and AA stacking with a rhombic framework for DPP‐TPP‐COF and hexagonal one for DPP‐TBB‐COF, respectively. The electron D–A and ordered intermolecular packing structures endow the COFs with broad UV–vis absorptions and narrow bandgaps along with suitable HOMO/LUMO energy levels, resulting in multi‐functional optoelectronic properties, including photothermal conversion, supercapacitor property, and ambipolar semiconducting behavior. Among them, DPP‐TPP‐COF exhibits a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 47% under 660 nm laser irradiation, while DPP‐TBB‐COF exhibits superior specific capacitance of 384 F g−1. Moreover, P‐type doping and N‐type doping are achieved by iodine and tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene on a single host COF, resulting in ambipolar semiconducting behavior. These results provide a paradigm for the application of multi‐functional optoelectronic COF materials.
Urban Agriculture & Regional Food Systems Special Section: Improving Livability in Urban Areas: Examining Urban and Peri‐Urban Soil and Plant Management
Authors: Bulgari Roberta , Demiraj Erdona , Schillaci Calogero , Tlili Ahlem , Xia Yushu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs urban agriculture increasingly becomes part of our regional food systems, its role in sustainable urban development grows. Urban agriculture can sustain food demand and contribute to food security, environmental sustainability, and community health. However, soil‐related factors in urban agricultural systems pose unique challenges not found in more rural environments, and issues such as soil fertility, soil biodiversity, soil contamination, and existing policy demand further investigation to deepen and enhance the potential contribution of urban agriculture to livability in urban areas. This special issue collects studies to support the need for sustainable soil management, crop diversification, and management strategies for optimal soil health and good crop yield and quality. In addition, the issue examines recent advances in remote sensing technologies and deep learning techniques that offer potential tools for soil health monitoring and plant disease detection related to existing plant‐based contamination, providing a way forward to make informed decisions for policy stakeholders and land planners. Combining these initiatives into urban planning and public health policies could have a considerable impact on urban well‐being and resilience.
The role of cell‐free DNA in non‐invasive diagnosis of urinary tract infection
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Wenhui , Ma Yina , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUrinary tract infection (UTI) constitutes a pervasive health concern. UTIs are dichotomously classified into upper and lower strata, and further categorized as either complicated or uncomplicated. Upper UTIs predominantly afflict the renal and ureteral domains, typified by conditions exemplified in pyelonephritis, whereas lower UTIs manifest within the confines of the urethra and bladder. The conventional diagnosis of UTIs relies upon clinical manifestations and urine culture. Common symptoms encompass dysuria, frequent micturition, hematuria, and suprapubic discomfort. Urine culture serves to identify the specific pathogens instigating the infection and assess their antibiotic susceptibility. However, this procedural protocol generally necessitates an approximate duration of 24 h, coupled with an additional 24‐h interval for antibiotic susceptibility testing. In contradistinction, the detection of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in the circulatory system presents a potential avenue for non‐invasive diagnostic modalities. Notwithstanding, cfDNA emanates from deteriorating cells, affording insights into the extant cellular demise within the organism. Extensive scholarly inquiry has established a positive correlation between cfDNA concentration in the bloodstream and the incidence of cell death in conditions, such as severe traumas, sepsis, aseptic inflammation, myocardial infarction, and stroke. However, limited investigative effort has been devoted to elucidating the diagnostic potential of cfDNA in the context of UTIs. Consequently, the concentration and constitution of plasma cfDNA harbor substantial promise for non‐invasively diagnosing UTIs. In summation, the utilization of cfDNA in UTI diagnosis remains an incipient area of scholarly pursuit, underscoring the imperative for further research to elucidate the prospective role of plasma cfDNA in non‐intrusively discerning UTIs.
Depth‐resolved historical painting study with minimal microsampling, illustrated with a newly discovered Botticelli workshop painting
Authors: Tapia José , Eveno Myriam , Laval Eric , Reiche Ina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA painting from the Botticelli workshop has been studied after its recent discovery, with an innovative and noninvasive approach combining two‐ dimensional scanning macro‐x‐ray fluorescence imaging (MA‐XRF) and a laboratory‐based depth‐resolved site‐selective confocal micro‐x‐ray fluorescence (CXRF) device. These analyses were supported by measurements on cross‐sections taken from the artwork using scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy‐dispersive x‐ray system. The aims of this study are to confirm the painting's attribution and authentication, find characteristic markers and features, understand the artist's technique, materials used, and palette, and all of it while reducing sampling. The analyzing approach used combines imaging and site‐selective techniques while avoiding, reducing and replacing sampling without compromising the results. Chemical maps of the painting were obtained by MA‐XRF and enabled the identification of zones, colors, and chemical elements of interest alongside with a first assumption on the pigments used. Depth profiles were then performed in precise areas and colors using CXRF, allowing to evidence overlaying paint layers and obtain a more complete 3D vision of the painting. Contrasting the findings using this new methodology with the traditionally employed analysis process involving microsampling allowed us to determine the accuracy and veracity of our conclusions.
Shaping the Uses of a Treaty Through Ratification and Implementation Procedures
Authors: Miaz Jonathan , Schmid Evelyne , Niederhauser Matthieu , Kaempfer Constance , Maggetti Martino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAfter being signed by a state, international human rights treaties must be formally ratified and then implemented. What happens before and during the ratification may influence the future uses of—and engagements with—human rights treaties and different mechanisms are employed to try to spur engagement and implementation. Through case studies of the Istanbul Convention and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, we demonstrate, first, how a government may try to shape the preferences of its subnational units through the pre-ratification procedure. Second, we show how federal, inter-cantonal and cantonal actors employ or develop ‘domestic implementation mechanisms’ to orient the engagement of subnational units. While these mechanisms sometimes stem from the federal or inter-cantonal level, they can also arise from actions taken at the subnational level, unfolding in a bottom-up process.
Introduction
Authors: Klingebiel Stephan , Hartmann Flora L. , Madani Elisa , Paintner Jonas , Rohe Rebekka A. , Trebs Lisa , Wolk Teodor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKnowledge interactions—interactions between actors in which knowledge is shaped and communicated—are crucial to solving global challenges and lie at the centre of successful and sustainable international cooperation. The 2030 Agenda highlights the importance of including knowledge interaction as a central part of any collaborative project. The book addresses these issues by focusing on the following research question: How do development partners realise modalities of knowledge interaction?
Empirical Findings
Authors: Klingebiel Stephan , Hartmann Flora L. , Madani Elisa , Paintner Jonas , Rohe Rebekka A. , Trebs Lisa , Wolk Teodor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we present all our empirical cases via the provision of general information, followed by their modality profiles in which we categorise the partner’s modalities into modality function, format and activities. Further, we analyse their modalities along the lines of the sensitising concept and the four dimensions: Ownership, Relationship Dynamics, Innovation & Co-creation and Sustainability.
Empirical Findings Across Cases
Authors: Klingebiel Stephan , Hartmann Flora L. , Madani Elisa , Paintner Jonas , Rohe Rebekka A. , Trebs Lisa , Wolk Teodor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we respond to our research sub-questions by presenting the results of our data analysis across all empirical cases: (i) What are and what constitutes the different modalities of knowledge interaction of our partners? (ii) What do we know about the effectiveness of knowledge cooperation of our partners? (iii) How are modalities of knowledge interactions used by partners?
Mechanical structure of the nucleon and the baryon octet: twist-2 case
Authors: Won Ho-Yeon , Kim Hyun-Chul , Kim June-Young 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate the gravitational form factors (GFFs) of the nucleon and the baryon octet, decomposed into their flavor components, utilizing a pion mean-field approach grounded in the large Nc limit of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Our focus is on the contributions from the twist-2 operators to the flavor-triplet and octet GFFs, and we decompose the mass, angular momentum, and D-term form factors of the nucleon into their respective flavors. The strange quark contributions are found to be relatively mild for the mass and angular momentum form factors, while providing significant corrections to the D-term form factor. In the course of examining the flavor decomposition of the GFFs, we uncover that the effects of twist-4 operators play a crucial role. While the gluonic contributions are suppressed by the packing fraction of the instanton vacuum in the twist-2 case, contributions from twist-4 operators are of order unity, necessitating its explicit consideration.
Fast QSC solver: tool for systematic study of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Super-Yang-Mills spectrum
Authors: Gromov Nikolay , Hegedűs Árpád , Julius Julius , Sokolova Nika 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Integrability methods give us access to a number of observables in the planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. Among them, the Quantum Spectral Curve (QSC) governs the spectrum of anomalous dimensions. Low lying states were successfully studied in the past using the QSC. However, with the increased demand for a systematic study of a large number of states for various applications, there is a clear need for a fast QSC solver which can easily access a large number of excited states. Here, we fill this gap by developing a new algorithm and applied it to study all 219 states with the bare dimension ∆0 ≤ 6 in a wide range of couplings.The new algorithm has an improved performance at weak coupling and allows to glue numerics smoothly the available perturbative data, resolving the previous obstruction. Further ∼ 8-fold efficiency gain comes from C++ implementation over the best available Mathematica implementation. We have made the code and the data to be available via a GitHub repository.The method is generalisable for non-local observables as well as for other theories such as deformations of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM and ABJM. It may find applications in the separation of variables and bootstrability approaches to the correlation functions. Some applications to correlators at strong coupling are also presented.
Coloured combinatorial maps and quartic bi-tracial 2-matrix ensembles from noncommutative geometry
Authors: Khalkhali Masoud , Pagliaroli Nathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We compute the first twenty moments of three convergent quartic bi-tracial 2-matrix ensembles in the large N limit. These ensembles are toy models for Euclidean quantum gravity originally proposed by John Barrett and collaborators. A perturbative solution is found for the first twenty moments using the Schwinger-Dyson equations and properties of certain bi-colored unstable maps associated to the model. We then apply a result of Guionnet et al. to show that the perturbative and convergent solution coincide for a small neighbourhood of the coupling constants. For each model we compute an explicit expression for the free energy, critical points, and critical exponents in the large N limit. In particular, the string susceptibility is found to be γ = 1/2, hinting that the associated universality class of the model is the continuous random tree.