bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homodyne detection of weak coherent optical pulse: Applications to quantum cryptography
Authors: Xu Qing , Sabban Manuel , Gallion Philippe 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe propose a quantum key distribution system using balanced homodyne detection, in which strong reference pulses are time‐multiplexed with weak signal pulses by means of fiber interferometer. We use a dual‐threshold decision scheme for postdetection to improve the system performance in terms of BER, with a trade‐off in effective key generation rate. We conduct experimental measurements at 64 km SMF fiber at 1550 nm wavelength, and we prove that the system security can also be enhanced with properly selected threshold parameters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1934–1939, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24471
Metamaterial transmission lines with tunable phase and characteristic impedance based on complementary split ring resonators
Authors: Vélez Adolfo , Bonache Jordi , Martín Ferran 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article, resonant‐type tunable metamaterial transmission lines with independent control over the electrical parameters of the line, that is, the electrical length and characteristic impedance, are presented for the first time. Tuning is achieved by loading a host microstrip line with varactor‐loaded complementary split ring resonators (VLCSRRs) and varactor diodes. By locating the varactor diodes in series configuration with the line, outside the region occupied by the VLCSRRs, it is possible to control the characteristic impedance and the electrical length (phase shift), over a wide band. As an illustrative example, a tunable 35 Ω/90° line functional between 0.4 and 0.8 GHz (which represents more than 65% tuning range), is presented and applied to the design of a transmission line power divider. The device is small and it exhibits reasonable performance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1966–1970, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24480
Compact resonant antenna based on composite right/left‐handed transmission line with a magneto‐dielectric material
Authors: Duk Jang Kyung , Hee Kim Jae , Hyun Lee Dong , Park Wee Sang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe present a method of reducing the size of antennas that is based on composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TL) which use a magneto‐dielectric material (MDM). The CRLH‐TL antenna consists of two mushroom structures, each composed of a metal patch connected to the ground plane by a via. To achieve high permeability in the antenna, an MDM is constructed by integrating split ring resonators into ordinary dielectric material. Antennas with and without MDM were fabricated and measured. Inserting the MDM decreased the antenna's resonant frequencies by 10.8% at the −1st order mode and by 11.3% at the zeroth‐order mode. At the zeroth‐order mode, the antenna resonated at 1.88 GHz with a bandwidth of 0.48% and had a monopolar radiation pattern, with gain of 0.534 dBi and efficiency of 51.7%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1994–1997, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24490
Reflection and transmission fields in tilted wire medium interface
Authors: Vahdati A. , Viitanen A. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe reflection and transmission coefficients for plane wave incident fields are presented for the interface of a wire medium where the direction of the wires are at an angle with respect to the interface. In general, the reflection problem is divided into two polarizations. For ordinary fields, the reflection from the wire medium interface is like the reflection from an isotropic dielectric medium. For extraordinary fields, which is considered in this study, due to spatial dispersion there exist two transmitted eigenfields in the wire medium and the reflection is more complicated requiring an additional boundary condition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1991–1994, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24491
Analysis of wideband half circular disk patch antenna loaded with two symmetrical notches
Authors: Ansari J. A. , Singh Prabhakar , Prasad Yadav Nagendra , Vishvakarma Babau R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe analysis of half circular disk loaded with symmetrical notches is presented based on circuit concept. The bandwidth is found to depend on the parameters of the notches as well as the width of the central patch. Theoretical results are compared with the simulated results obtained from IE3D, which are found to be in close agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1880–1883, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24496
High‐efficiency power amplifier using in/output matching networks based on novel harmonic control circuit
Authors: Choi Jaewon , Seo Chulhun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article, a high‐efficiency power amplifier using the novel harmonic control circuit is realized with Si LDMOSFET. This harmonic control circuit has the short impedances for the second‐ and third‐harmonic components, which has been used to design the in/output matching networks. We have demonstrated the fact that the efficiency enhancement effect of the proposed harmonic control circuit is superior to the class‐F or inverse class‐F harmonic control circuit. Also, in case the harmonic control circuit has been used to the input matching network as well as the output matching network, the efficiency of the proposed power amplifier has been improved all the more. The measured maximum power‐added efficiency (PAE) of the proposed power amplifier is 87.1% at 1.71 GHz band. Compared with class‐F and inverse class‐F amplifiers, the measured maximum PAE of the proposed power amplifier has been improved in 9.5–14.3%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1873–1876, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24508
Novel dual‐band Fabry‐Pérot cavity antenna with low‐frequency separation ratio
Authors: Kim Dongho 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA new dual‐band Fabry‐Pérot cavity (FPC) antenna consisting of a partially reflective surface (PRS) superstrate and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) substrate is proposed for low‐frequency separation ratio. The main purpose of this antenna is to introduce more than −20 dB rejection band in between two very closely located service bands (up‐ and downlink bands) of Korean personal communication service (PCS). Additionally, with the help of metallic side walls enclosing all the openings between the superstrate and the substrate, we can obtain more than 10 dB realized gain throughout the two operation bands. Moreover, the selective behavior of the gain near the pass bands is highly increased and the back radiation is reduced remarkably. The effect of attaching the superstrate to the side walls on antenna performance is also analyzed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1869–1872, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24509
Synthesis of rhodium(III) complexes with tris/tetrakis‐benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles—quick identification of cyclometallation by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Chandrashekhar N. , Gayathri V. , Nanje Gowda N. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractReactions of rhodium(III) halides with multidentate N,S‐heterocycles, (LH3) 1,3,5‐tris(benzimidazolyl)benzene (L1H3; 1), 1,3,5‐tris(N‐methylbenzimidazolyl) benzene (L2H3; 2) and 1,3,5‐tris(benzothiazolyl)benzene (L3H3; 3), in the molar ratio 1:1 in methanol–chloroform produced mononuclear cyclometallated products of the composition [RhX2(LH2)(H2O)] (X = Cl, Br, I; LH2 = L1H2, L2H2, L3H2). When the metal to ligand (1–3 or 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(benzothiazolyl)benzene [L4H2; 4]) molar ratio was 2:1, the reactions yielded binuclear complexes of the compositions [Rh2Cl5(LH2)(H2O)3] (LH2 = L1H2, L2H2, L3H2) and [Rh2X4(L4)(H2O)2] (X = Cl, Br, I). Elemental analysis, IR and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts supported the binuclear nature of the complexes. Cyclometallation was detected by conventional 13C NMR spectra that showed a doublet around ∼190 ppm. Cyclometallation was also detected by gradient‐enhanced heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (g‐HMBC) experiment that showed cross‐peaks between the cyclometallated carbon and the central benzene ring protons of 1–3. Cyclometallation was substantiated by two‐dimensional 1H1H correlated experiments (gradiant‐correlation spectroscopy and rotating frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy) and 1H13C single bond correlated two‐dimensional NMR experiments (gradient‐enhanced heteronuclear single quantum coherence). The 1H15N g‐HMBC experiment suggested the coordination of the heterocycles to the metal ion via tertiary nitrogen. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of full‐length and truncated Fyn tyrosine kinase transcripts and encoded proteins during spermatogenesis and localization during acrosome biogenesis and fertilization
Authors: Kierszenbaum Abraham L. , Rivkin Eugene , Talmor‐Cohen Anat , Shalgi Ruth , Tres Laura L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe report that full‐length and truncated transcripts of Fyn tyrosine protein kinase are expressed during testicular development. Truncated Fyn (tr‐Fyn) transcripts encode a 24 kDa protein with a N‐terminal (NT) domain, a complete Src homology (SH) 3 domain and an incomplete SH2 domain. The kinase domain is missing in tr‐Fyn. In contrast, full‐length Fyn transcripts encode a 59–55 kDa protein. Fractionated spermatids by centrifugal elutriation express tr‐Fyn transcripts and protein, but not full‐length Fyn transcripts and protein. Neither full‐length Fyn nor tr‐Fyn transcripts and encoded proteins are detected in elutriated pachytene spermatocytes. Sertoli cells express full‐length and truncated Fyn throughout testicular development. In contrast, sperm contain full‐length Fyn transcripts and protein but not the truncated form. tr‐Fyn protein is visualized at the cytosolic side of Golgi membranes, derived proacrosomal vesicles, along the outer acrosome membrane and the inner acrosome membrane–acroplaxome complex anchoring the acrosome to the spermatid nuclear envelope. Fyn and phosphotyrosine immunoreactivity coexist in the tail of capacitated sperm. During fertilization, the Fyn‐containing acroplaxome seen in the egg‐bound and egg‐fused sperm is no longer detected upon decondensation of the sperm nucleus. tr‐Fyn expands the catalog of truncated tyrosine protein kinases expressed during spermiogenesis. We suggest that the NT and SH3 domains of tr‐Fyn may recruit adaptor and effector proteins, in particular GTPase activating proteins, required for acrosome–acroplaxome biogenesis, acroplaxome F‐actin dynamics and Sertoli cell function. During fertilization, full‐length Fyn in the acroplaxome may contribute to a transient local signaling burst during the early events of sperm–egg interaction. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 832–843, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technische Chemie 2008
Authors: Brüggemann Oliver , Busch Markus , Wolf Dorit 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBestimmendes Thema sowohl in der klassischen als auch in der biokatalytischen Chemie ist die Effizienzsteigerung, etwa bei neuen Katalysatoren, Reaktoren oder Prozessen. Dabei geht es um Verfahren, die Wasserstoff erzeugen oder Biomasse verwerten.
Application of variational iteration method for modified Camassa‐Holm and Degasperis‐Procesi equations
Authors: Jafari H. , Zabihi M. , Salehpoor E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article, the variational iteration method (VIM) is used to obtain approximate analytical solutions of the modified Camassa‐Holm and Degasperis‐Procesi equations. The method is capable of reducing the size of calculation and easily overcomes the difficulty of the perturbation technique or Adomian polynomials. The results reveal that the VIM is very effective. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Interaction and conformational dynamics of membrane‐spanning protein helices
Authors: Langosch Dieter , Arkin Isaiah T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWithin 1 or 2 decades, the reputation of membrane‐spanning α‐helices has changed dramatically. Once mostly regarded as dull membrane anchors, transmembrane domains are now recognized as major instigators of protein–protein interaction. These interactions may be of exquisite specificity in mediating assembly of stable membrane protein complexes from cognate subunits. Further, they can be reversible and regulatable by external factors to allow for dynamic changes of protein conformation in biological function. Finally, these helices are increasingly regarded as dynamic domains. These domains can move relative to each other in different functional protein conformations. In addition, small‐scale backbone fluctuations may affect their function and their impact on surrounding lipid shells. Elucidating the ways by which these intricate structural features are encoded by the amino acid sequences will be a fascinating subject of research for years to come.
Integrity of N‐ and C‐termini is important for E. coli Hsp31 chaperone activity
Authors: Sastry M. S. R. , Zhou Weibin , Baneyx François 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHsp31 is a stress‐inducible molecular chaperone involved in the management of protein misfolding at high temperatures and in the development of acid resistance in starved E. coli. Each subunit of the Hsp31 homodimer consists of two structural domains connected by a flexible linker that sits atop a continuous tract of nonpolar residues adjacent to a hydrophobic bowl defined by the dimerization interface. Previously, we proposed that while the bowl serves as a binding site for partially folded species at physiological temperatures, chaperone function under heat shock conditions requires that folding intermediates further anneal to high‐affinity binding sites that become uncovered upon thermally induced motion of the linker. In support of a mechanism requiring that client proteins first bind to the bowl, we show here that fusion of a 20‐residue‐long hexahistidine tag to the N‐termini of Hsp31 abolishes chaperone activity at all temperatures by inducing reversible structural changes that interfere with substrate binding. We further demonstrate that extending the C‐termini of Hsp31 with short His tags selectively suppresses chaperone function at high temperatures by interfering with linker movement. The structural and functional sensitivity of Hsp31 to lengthening is consistent with the high degree of conservation of class I Hsp31 orthologs and will serve as a cautionary tale on the implications of affinity tagging.
Bioassay‐guided isolation of apigenin with GABA‐benzodiazepine activity from Tanacetum parthenium
Authors: Jäger A. K. , Krydsfeldt K. , Rasmussen H. B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExtracts of Tanacetum parthenium are used in the prophylactic treatment of migraine and have also been used in Danish folk medicine for the treatment of epilepsy. An ethanol extract of T. parthenium showed high affinity for the GABAA‐benzodiazepine site. An ethanol extract of T. parthenium was fractionated by VLC on silica and preparative C18 HPLC. Each step was monitored with the GABAA‐benzodiazepine bioassay. The fractionation led to the isolation of apigenin, which may be responsible for CNS‐effects of T. parthenium extracts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medicinal use of potato‐derived products: a systematic review
Authors: Vlachojannis J. E. , Cameron M. , Chrubasik S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the traditional medicine of Europe, raw potatoes are used for gastrointestinal disorders, and topical potato preparations as a hot pack for pain or for softening furuncles. The aim of this study was to review the literature and summarize the data on the medicinal use of potato‐derived products. Several databases and other sources were searched to identify clinical trials investigating potato‐derived preparations. The trials were analysed for quality. Five trials were identified; two open uncontrolled studies, two open controlled studies and one double‐blind study. These results stimulate further investigation of oral potato juice concentrate in patients with dyspeptic complaints, of potato proteinase inhibitor II for weight reduction, and of topical potato proteins for preventing protease‐induced perianal dermatitis. We recommend that future studies have a confirmatory design. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corosolic acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation by activating transcription factors and MAP kinases
Authors: Shim Ki Shuk , Lee Su‐Ui , Ryu Shi Yong , Min Yong Ki , Kim Seong Hwan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecently, the use of anabolic agents to enhance bone mass has been a source of interest. Previous work by us suggested that corosolic acid (2α‐hydroxyursolic acid), an active component of banaba leaves (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.), potentially stimulates the differentiation of mouse osteoblasts. Therefore, the present study investigated whether corosolic acid stimulates osteoblast differentiation, and its possible mechanisms of action. At low concentrations (up to 5 µm), corosolic acid significantly stimulated osteoblast differentiation and mineralization without cytotoxicity. Corosolic acid induced NF‐κB and MAP kinase activity at an early stage of osteoblast differentiation and increased the activity of the transcription factor AP‐1 during late‐stage osteoblast differentiation. These results suggest that the anabolic effects of corosolic acid upon osteoblast differentiation could result from its activation of transcription factors and MAP kinases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total cluster energy calculation of lithium ion conductors by the DV‐Xα method
Authors: Kowada Y. , Nishitani W. , Ogasawara K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecently, several programs for the total cluster energy calculation have been developed in the DV‐Xα method. In this study, we have calculated and compared total cluster energies of several diatomic molecules and model clusters of ionic conductors. The total cluster energies of diatomic molecules are minimum near the equilibrium atomic distance of each molecule though the absolute value of the total cluster energy was slightly different from each other. In the case of the model cluster of the Li3N crystal, which is one of the typical Li ion conductors, we have obtained the energy change as a function of the site during the movement of a Li ion. The energy change with the movement of the Li ion along the conduction path was considerably smaller than along other paths, consistent with the results by the band calculation and experiments. The total cluster energy calculation method was useful enough for the discussion of the cluster energy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Systems for mobile broadcast
Authors: Reimers Ulrich H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe paper presents an overview of the systems for mobile broadcast which have been deployed today or are under development. Two examples are explained in some detail, namely DVB‐H and DVB‐SH. In addition, the need of ‘higher layer’ solutions is identified and IP Datacast is briefly explained. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical Redox Modulation of the Surface Chemistry of CdTe Quantum Dots for Probing Ascorbic Acid in Biological Fluids
Authors: Chen Ying‐Jun , Yan Xiu‐Ping 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMost of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based sensors employing quantum dots (QDs) usually use organic fluorophores and gold nanoparticles as the quenchers. However, complex processes for the modification/immobilization of the QDs are always necessary, as the generation of FRET requires strict distance between the donor and acceptor. Herein, a simple chemical redox strategy for modulating the surface chemistry of the QDs to develop a QD‐based turn‐on fluorescent probe is reported. The principle of the strategy is demonstrated by employing CdTe QDs with KMnO4 as the quencher and ascorbic acid as the target analyte. The fluorescence of CdTe QDs is quenched with a blue‐shift upon addition of KMnO4 due to the oxidation of the Te atoms on the surface of the QDs. The quenched fluorescence of the QDs is then recovered upon addition of ascorbic acid due to the reduction of CdTeO3/TeO2 on the surface of the QDs to CdTe. The recovered fluorescence of the QDs increases linearly with the concentration of ascorbic acid from 0.3 to 10 µM. Thus, a novel QD‐based turn‐on fluorescent probe with a detection limit as low as 74 nM is developed for the sensitive and selective detection of ascorbic acid in biological fluids. The present approach avoids the complex modification/immobilization of the QDs involved in FRET‐based sensors, and opens a simple pathway to developing cost‐effective, sensitive, and selective QD‐based fluorescence turn‐on sensors/probes for biologically significant antioxidants.
Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten durch Dachoberlichter
Authors: Cornelius Wolfgang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Beleuchtung von Arbeitsstätten und hier insbesondere mit natürlichem Tageslicht durch Dachoberlichter. Es werden sowohl die beleuchtungstechnischen Anforderungen durch den Gesetzgeber und andere Rechtsnormensetzer geschildert, als auch die normative Seite angesprochen. Neben den besonderen Vorteilen des Tageslichtes zu Beleuchtungszwecken wird die Planung der Beleuchtung mit Dachoberlichtern auch unter Zuhilfenahme von Faustformeln erläutert. Abschließend werden neue EDV‐technische Planungstools vorgestellt.Lighting of work places by rooflights.This contribution deals with the lighting of work places and especially with daylight by rooflights. The lighting engineering requirements by legislation and other legal norm setter as well as the standardization point of view were described. Besides the particular advantages of daylight for lighting purposes this contribution gives instructions for the planning of lighting by rooflights also by using rules of thumb. Finally new software design tools were presented.
Steady and Dynamic Shear Rheology of Fucoidan‐Buckwheat Starch Mixtures
Authors: Cho MyoungLae , Choi Won‐Seok , You SangGuan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRheological properties of fucoidan (F) and buckwheat starch (B) mixtures (3% or 6%) at different blending ratios of fucoidans (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0%) were investigated in steady and dynamic shear. Steady shear viscosity measurement revealed that aqueous pastes of the BF blends (3%, w/v) had a pseudoplastic and shear‐thinning behavior with flow behavior index (n) values of 0.61–0.68. The substitution of starch with fucoidan polymers significantly lowered the apparent viscosities compared with the pure starch paste and, when mixed with less than 0.5% of fucoidan, the viscosities of the pastes were even lower than those of the starch pastes at the corresponding starch concentrations. According to dynamic viscoelastic measurement performed at 6% total carbohydrate concentration, buckwheat starch mixtures behaved like weak gels and the BF blends containing less than 0.5% fucoidan had considerably lower storage (G') and loss (G') moduli than the starch paste at the corresponding starch concentrations. However, the magnitude of G' increased with fucoidan concentrations over 0.5%, suggesting that a concentration of fucoidans > 0.5% might enhance the formations of three‐dimensional networks and crosslinking of the starch samples, probably because of the mutual exclusion between starch and fucoidan polymers through the phase separation process. This study indicates that it is possible to obtain the BF blends having various rheological properties by changing the concentration of fucoidan polymers.