bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Binding Protein, PI3KAP/XB130, Is Required for cAMP-induced Amplification of IGF Mitogenic Activity in FRTL-5 Thyroid Cells
Authors: Yamanaka Daisuke , Akama Takeshi , Fukushima Toshiaki , Nedachi Taku , Kawasaki Chie , Chida Kazuhiro , Minami Shiro , Suzuki Koichi , Hakuno Fumihiko , Takahashi Shin-Ichiro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that long-term pretreatment of rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells with TSH or cAMP-generating reagents potentiated IGF-I-dependent DNA synthesis. Under these conditions, cAMP treatment increased tyrosine phosphorylation of a 125-kDa protein (p125) and its association with a p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p85 PI3K), which were suggested to mediate potentiation of DNA synthesis. This study was undertaken to identify p125 and to elucidate its roles in potentiation of DNA synthesis induced by IGF-I. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis revealed p125 to be a rat ortholog of human XB130, which we named PI3K-associated protein (PI3KAP). cAMP treatment elevated PI3KAP/XB130 mRNA and protein levels as well as tyrosine phosphorylation and interaction with p85 PI3K leading to increased PI3K activities associated with PI3KAP/XB130, supporting the role of PI3KAP/XB130 in DNA synthesis potentiation. Importantly, PI3KAP/XB130 knockdown attenuated cAMP-dependent potentiation of IGF-I-induced DNA synthesis. Furthermore, c-Src was associated with PI3KAP/XB130 and was activated in response to cAMP. Addition of Src family kinase inhibitors, PP1 or PP2, during cAMP treatment abolished tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3KAP/XB130 and its interaction with p85 PI3K. Finally, introduction of PI3KAP/XB130 into NIH3T3 fibroblasts lacking endogenous PI3KAP/XB130 enhanced IGF-I-induced DNA synthesis; however, a mutant Y72F incapable of binding to p85 PI3K did not show this response. Together, these data indicate that cAMP-dependent induction of PI3KAP/XB130, which is associated with PI3K, is required for enhancement of IGF mitogenic activities.
Evaluating Patent Rights With Possible Patent Litigation
Authors: Deng Yi 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper examines how possible patent infringement and litigation may affect patent holders’ renewal decisions as well as our evaluation of underlying patent value. We utilize the renewal records of the EPO (European Patent Office) patents and estimate a stochastic patent renewal model in which patent holders face possible infringement and litigation costs. Estimation results indicate that when such possibilities exist, patent holders’ renewal behavior will change substantially, and our estimates of patent value based on a stochastic renewal model become significantly higher. Model simulations also reveal that the possible patent infringement and litigation, litigation costs, and patent renewal costs all play important roles in inventors’ patenting behavior.
Peptide-based rotaxanes and catenanes: an emerging class of supramolecular chemistry systems
Authors: Moretto Alessandro , Crisma Marco , Formaggio Fernando , Toniolo Claudio 
Published: April 2012

Abstract[2]Rotaxanes are interlocked molecular systems in which the cavity of a macrocycle (wheel) is threaded by a linear compound (axle). The axle is held in place principally by a sterically demanding moiety (stopper) at each end. If the two ends of a rotaxane are covalently linked together, then an assembly of two intertwined macrocycles (termed [2]catenane) is generated. Although rotaxanes and catenanes have been extensively investigated by several research groups, only a limited amount of studies has been devoted to these systems when a peptide molecule characterizes either the axle or the wheel(s) (or both). The purpose of this short conceptual overview is to summarize recent findings on synthetic and naturally occurring peptide-based [2]rotaxanes, [3]rotaxanes, and [2]catenanes and discuss future prospects for the research in this emerging area of supramolecular chemistry.
Structural diversity in the recognition between reduced thioredoxin and its oxidized enzyme partners
Authors: Gruez Arnaud , Branlant Guy 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThioredoxins (Trx) are ubiquitous proteins that are conserved in all living organisms from archaea to humans. These small proteins display various cellular roles, including functioning as reductases in redox processes. All Trxs share a similar, characteristic three-dimensional fold with the Cys-Pro-Gly-Cys motif that contains both the catalytic and the resolving cysteine (Cys) on the surface of the protein. Reaction of reduced Trx with its oxidized protein partners leads to formation of a transient interdisulfide intermediate. However, the short lifetime of this species hinders the characterization of the stabilizing interactions that occur between the partners. In this short review, the three-dimensional structures of four artificial covalent Trx-protein partner complexes are analyzed. The data show that interprotein stabilization is mainly due to hydrophobic contacts and main-chain hydrogen bonds but that no common recognition motif between Trx and its protein partners can be identified. In two cases, formation of the Trx-partner complex is accompanied by a significant conformational change of the protein target, although in no case does the conformation of Trx change significantly. The absence of a common recognition motif supports the idea that it is difficult to predict with confidence putative oxidized protein substrates of Trx using only soft docking and molecular simulation methods. Instead, biochemical methods including proteomic approaches remain the primary tools to identify novel protein substrates of Trx. The generality and relevance of methods used to identify which of the two Cys of the disulfide-oxidized protein partner forms the transient interdisulfide intermediate with Trx are also discussed.
Synthesis and DNA-binding properties of 1,2,3-triazole-linked H-pin pyrrole- and imidazole-containing polyamides formed by the Huisgen reaction
Authors: Babu Balaji , Brien Kimberly A. , Satam Vijay , Plaunt Adam , Pressler Mary , Shen Hao , Alger Shannon , Ogilvie Ross , Sjoholm Robert , Tzou Samuel , Sweat Olivia , Rice Toni , Mackay Hilary , Seymour Michael D. , Lee Moses 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Covalently linked pyrrole (Py)- and imidazole (Im)-containing H-pin polyamides bind in the minor groove of specific DNA sequences with high affinity. The synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-linked and heterodimeric H-pin polyamides 13a,b formed from the Huisgen reaction of an alkyne-containing f-PyPyPy (6) with an azide-containing f-ImPyIm (7) is reported. The reaction proceeded smoothly under thermal conditions to give an inseparable mixture of 1,4- and 1,5-isomers (13a and 13b, respectively) by column chromatography. When the reaction was conducted under ‘click’ or Cu(I)-catalyzed conditions or in the presence of the cognate DNA sequence, no desired product was observed. Preliminary results from DNA thermal denaturation and circular dichroism titration studies provided evidence of mixture 13a,b binding to the target DNA sequence 5′-TCTCAA-3′.
Synthesis of new substituted saturated γ-lactones from 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetyl chloride
Authors: Tokmajyan Gayane , Karapetyan Lusine 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
New derivatives of substituted saturated γ-lactones were synthesized from 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetyl chloride. All new compounds were characterized by NMR and IR and elemental analysis.
Canataxpyran A, a novel 3,8-secotaxane with a 13,17-ether bridge from needles of Taxus canadensis
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Man-Li , Wang Yu-Fang , Dong Mei , Sauriol Françoise , Shi Qing-Wen , Kiyota Hiromasa , Gu Yu-Cheng , Cong Bin 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A novel 6/12-membered bicyclic taxane with a 13,17-ether bridge, named canataxpyran A, was isolated from the needles of Taxus canadensis. The structures were characterized as 7β,9,10β,20-tetracetoxy-13β,17-epoxy-3,8-secotaxa-3E,8E,11-triene-2α,5α-diol (designated as canataxpyran A, 1). This bicyclic taxane gradually decomposed in CDCl3to give the corresponding enones, 10β,20-diacetoxy-13β,17-epoxy-4α,5α-dihydroxy-3,8-secotaxa-2E,7E,11-trien-9-one (canataxpyran B, 2) and 5α,10β,20-triacetoxy-13β,17-epoxy-4α-hydroxy- 3,8-secotaxa-2E,7E,11-trien-9-one (canataxpyran C, 3). Compound 1 is the first example of a natural 3,8-secotaxane with 13,17-oxygen bridge.
Evolution of Oxide Particles during Fabrication Processes of 12Cr ODS Steel
Authors: Mao Xiaodong , Kim Tae Kyu , Kim Sung-Soo , Han Chang Hee , Oh Kyu Hwan , Jang Jinsung 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT12Cr ODS steel samples were prepared by mechanical alloying of the metal powders with 20-30 nm Y2O3 particles followed by isostatic pressing, hot rolling and final heat treatment. Evolutions of oxide particles such as YTaO4 and YCrO3 after each fabrication step were investigated by using TEM with EDS. Crystallographic correlation between oxide particles and the matrix was investigated in a HIPped sample, and interactions between dislocations and oxide particles were observed in hot rolled or heat treated sample. Size distributions of oxide particles were measured by carbon replica samples and it was found that coarsening of oxide particles from 9 to 12 nm occurred during hot rolling process. Additional isothermal annealing at 1250 ˚C revealed that phase transformation of oxide particles from monoclinic YTaO4 to face centered cubic Y3TaO7 was observed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Optoelectronics
Authors: Silva Marcos F. O. , Rodrigues Wagner N. , Ferlauto André S. , Ladeira Luiz O. , Pinheiro Carlos B. , Miquita Douglas R. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate an easy way of decorating MWCNTs with CdS and CuxSy using the solvothermal method.
Engagements volontaires et croissance verte dans l'ère d'après Copenhague
Authors: Sterner Thomas 
Published: April 2012

Résumé	L’espoir d’un accord climatique a été violemment balayé à Copenhague ainsi qu’à chaque Conférence des parties (COP) qui a suivi. Une des conséquences est que la croissance verte est promue quasiment comme si elle était une voie alternative. Évidemment, la croissance verte est le but au final, mais on n’y parviendra pas d’un coup de baguette magique. L’économie mondiale va avoir besoin de politiques économiques sévères pour devenir verte – et il est naïf de penser autrement. En effet, même une croissance verte va stimuler la demande d’énergie et le charbon est typiquement la ressource la meilleure marché. L’ampleur du défi est encore plus grande si l’on considère également les problèmes entraînés par l’utilisation du nucléaire, et, dans certains cas, des biocarburants (puisqu’ils vont entraîner une compétition pour l’utilisation de terres qui peuvent être essentielles pour les pauvres). Cet article examine quelques-uns des ingrédients nécessaires à une stratégie mondiale à long terme pour protéger le climat. Nous aurons toujours besoin d’un accord climatique mondial, mais, alors que nous sommes dans l’attente d’un accord mondial final (et peut-être difficile à atteindre), nous devons entre-temps mener des politiques économiques cohérentes qui faciliteront le développement de cet accord mondial.
Searching for Initial Interest Confusion im Trademark Protection in Cyberspace
Authors: Fritch David M. 
Published: April 2012

The modern Internet enables “millions of people to communicate with one another and to access vast amounts of information from around the world.”1 Due to the enormous repository of information the Internet makes available online, some have compared the Internet to an immense “library with no card catalog.”2 While web users can generally access web sites directly with a domain name, the sheer size of the Internet makes it difficult for the average web surfer to locate the majority of web sites unless they know the web site address beforehand.3
ESRB Warning: Use of Virtual Worlds by Children May Result in Addiction and Blurring of Borders – The Advisable Regulations in Light of Foreseeable Damages
Authors: Goltz Nachson 
Published: April 2012

This article analyzes the possible models for regulating the use of Internet-based virtual worlds by minors. While virtual worlds introduce a unique experience to their users, there is a strong indication that such use, if left unregulated, may cause harm, especially to minors. This article explains that the dangers associated with virtual worlds are different from those created by other types of media. The various phenomena which may be caused due to the use of virtual worlds and the damages likely to be caused by such phenomena, rest on two assumptions: that minors are especially prone to suffer from such dangers, since the exposure of minors to the experiences offered by virtual worlds is not mitigated by factors such as a more developed sense of reality and responsibility, and, that in the use of virtual worlds there is a greater potential to induce such harms when compared to the use of video games or other Internet applications. The methodology underlying this article is based on a comparativecritical review of the existing literature in the fields relevant to this interdisciplinary realm: technology, psychology, philosophy and law. This article concludes that non-legal regulation is insufficient and puts forth several suggestions for legal regulation. The proposed regulation is based on four principles: Awareness – forcing virtual worlds companies to issue a warning of the possible damages similar to the warnings printed on cigarettes packs; Prevention – operating technological measures to identify minor users and tracking their use length; Help – establishing help centers and posting distress buttons in the virtual world; and Liability – imposing tort liability on virtual worlds companies that fail to implement the proposed changes.
Licensing, Partnering, Strategic Alliances and University Relationships
Authors: Blakeslee Wesley Daniel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractÂ The biopharmaceutical industry has been undergoing change for a number of years and that change is accelerating.Â Larger pharmaceutical companies are acquiring smaller ones, companies are merging, laboratories are being closed, and the number of scientists performing research in the pharmaceutical industry is declining.Â Overall, commercial industry, including the biotechnology industry, is becoming more interested in the benefits of collaboration with research institutions.Universities are also changing their view of relationships with industry.Â Shrinking federal budgets are causing universities to look at other sources of revenue, including collaborations with industry.Â Federal and state governments are also looking closely at the benefits of sponsoring university research, and in particular are seeking to accelerate commercialization of university discoveries not only to obtain the benefit of invested research dollars, but also for economic development and job growth.Â Universities, and in particular university technology transfer offices, must understand these changes and adapt to them.Â This paper discusses the university/industry relationships, and the particular issues important to universities which shape that interface.Â
Building Teams in Entrepreneurial Companies
Authors: Boni Arthur , Weingart Laurie 
Published: April 2012

This article focuses on the essentials of building effective, collaborative, team-based organizations. The entrepreneurs and innovators who found and build technology-based organizations comprise out target audience, but most specifically we address the biotechnology and biomedical field.Â Two perspectives are provided in the article: 1) advice based on the experiential learning provided by years of experience of building and growing entrepreneurial organizations; and 2) identifying the keys to building effective teams based on some selected the academic or scholarly literature on building effective teams.Â Our goal is to provide a perspective that blends real-world lessons filtered through a more scholarly approach based on case literature and other research-based studies.Â The material summarized herein is presented as a learning module to the participants in the Biotechnology Entrepreneurship Boot Camp.Â Our pedagogical approach in the Boot camp is to lead with the background material and perspective contained herein, and to then have a moderated panel discussion around these and other topics. The moderated panel consists of the key members of a real company consisting of key C-level officers and founders and a venture capitalist who funded the company.Â Thus the â€œtheory and practiceâ€ of team-based innovation come together via a real-time case. Â
Indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde da Atenção Básica nos municípios da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Campos Ana Cristina Viana , Borges Carolina Marques , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues , Vargas Andréa Maria Duarte , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e 
Published: April 2012

Objetivo: investigar a associação entre os indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde da Atenção Básica nos municípios da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Materias e Métodos: estudo ecológico com utilização de dados secundários referentes à Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Asvariáveis dependentes foram os indicadores de saúde geral e de saúde bucal da Atenção Básica. As variáveis exploratórias foram taxa de alfabetização, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano, Índice de Gini e Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social. A análise de Cluster Hierárquico foi realizada para segmentação dos municípios a partir dos indicadores socioeconômicos, por meio do método Between-linkage group e a medida Distância Euclidiana Quadrática. A comparação dos indicadores de saúde da Atenção Básica entre os clusters foi feita através do teste t-Student, com nível de significância estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: os municípios foram agrupados em dois clusters: 1) piores indicadores socioeconômicos (N=23) e 2) melhores (N=10). O cluster 1 apresentou maiores cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família e média anual de visitas domiciliares (76,6 ± 32,5; 6,1 ± 24,6, respectivamente) do que o cluster 2 (70,4 ± 27,9; 0,8 ± 0,6, respectivamente) (p < 0,05). Em relação aos indicadores de Saúde Bucal não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os clusters.Conclusão: sugere-se que há uma associação entre municípios da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte com piores indicadores socioeconômicos e maior cobertura da Saúde da Família e média de visita domiciliar.Descritores: Atenção primária à saúde. Indicadores básicos de saúde. Indicadores sociais.
Perfil profissional do cirurgião-dentista em associação ao conhecimento e utilização de marketing
Authors: Zuchini André Richard Bibiano , Lolli Maria Carolina Gobbi dos Santos , Lolli Luiz Fernando , Lolli Hugo Alberto 
Published: April 2012

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento e a utilização do marketing por cirurgiões-dentistas, associados ao seu perfil profissional. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualito-quantitativo transversal, realizado com 52 profissionais atuantes nos municípios de Maringá e Marialva, ambos situados na região Noroeste do Paraná. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi um questionário estruturado e auto-responsivo, composto de questões abertas e fechadas, contendo variáveis sobre perfil profissional, conhecimento e atuação de marketing. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos locais de trabalho dos entrevistados durante os meses de agosto e setembro de 2010. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes possuía idade entre 20 e 30 anos (60%) e menosde 5 anos de profissão (42%), sendo a maior parte proveniente de instituições privadas (56%). Ao todo, 26 indivíduos eram trabalhadores autônomos (50%), atuantes em consultórios ou clínicas particulares (autônomos totais) e 26 (50%) autônomos, mas que possuíam algum vínculo no serviço público (autônomos parciais). Foi observado que os dentistas autônomos totais relataram utilizar mais estratégias de marketing em relação a autônomos parciais (p=0,01). Para as demais associações entre perfil profissional e conhecimento/utilização de marketing não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas. Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados desse estudo, o conhecimento sobre marketing e sua utilização parece ainda não ser consenso na odontologia e tampouco dependeu do perfil profissional.Descritores: Odontologia. Marketing de serviços de saúde.
Condição de saúde bucal em trabalhadores atendidos no Núcleo de Saúde Ocupacional de Campina Grande-PB
Authors: Maia Emilanir Gomes , Cavalcante Gigliana Maria Sobral , Garcia Ana Flávia Granville- , Lucas Rilva Suely de Castro Cardoso , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite , D’Avila Sérgio 
Published: April 2012

Objetivo: Avaliar a saúde bucal de trabalhadores atendidos no Núcleo de saúde ocupacional de Campina Grande/PB. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra do tipo probabilística de 341 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 35 e 44 anos. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma ficha clínica, abordando os dados sócio-demográficos e aspectos clínicos sobre as condições de saúde bucal (índices CPO e CPI) sobre o uso e necessidade de prótese dentária. O exame foi realizado por um único examinador. Os dados foram analisados pelo Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 13, os resultados apresentados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Verificou-se predomínio do sexomasculino (91,8%) e da faixa etária de 35 a 37 anos (51,6%). O valor médio do CPOD foi de 15,5, com predomínio do componente cariado (9,7). As prevalências de sangramento gengival, cálculo dentário e bolsas profundas foram de 9,7%, 34,0% e 10,0%, respectivamente. Dos examinados, 80,1% necessitavam de algum tipo de prótese. Em relação ao uso de prótese, 31,7% usavam no arco superior e 4,4% no inferior. Conclusão:Diante dessa realidade torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de programas de atenção à saúde bucal em adultos, a fim de diminuir os danos causados e prevenir a continuidade da tendência à perda dentária.Descritores: Saúde do trabalhador. Odontologia do trabalho. Índice CPO. Saúde bucal. Serviços de saúde. Assistência odontológica.