bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The limits of China's growth
Authors: Troilo Michael , Sun Zhu 
Published: August 2010

PurposeDespite the global economic slowdown, China's economy continues to grow at astonishing rates. This has led some observers to conclude that China must lead the rest of world out of the doldrums, and that China's rise to become the pre‐eminent economy is imminent. The purpose of this paper is to offer a countervailing view. China's rise, while impressive, masks some serious deficiencies in its economic structure. In particular, its growth is largely input driven, and this will constrain the rate of future growth.Design/methodology/approachStatistics were gathered from a number of sources to make the case that China will face limited growth in the near future. A scenario analysis was performed to model possible outcomes for China vis‐à‐vis the US economy.FindingsIn the most realistic scenario, China will close the gap with the USA from its current position of 61.5 percent of the US economy, as measured by 2009 purchasing power parity gross domestic product figures to nearly 88 percent by the year 2020. This will taper to 78 percent by the year 2050.Practical implicationsThis viewpoint paper serves as reminder to academics and practitioners alike that most of the media accounts of China's growth are overly rosy, because these accounts do not consider the real difference between inputs and efficiency in total factor productivity (TFP). Just as it was once fashionable to believe that the Soviet Union and Japan would overtake the USA, or in the “Asian Miracle”, so now China is the latest economy to be offered as a model to emulate.Originality/valueThe paper builds on previous scholarship about TFP to question the sustainability of China's economic trajectory in an original way. It adds value by questioning received wisdom about China's economy and its seemingly inevitable rise to become the largest in the world.
Cultural schemata: Iranian students' test‐taking processes for cloze tests
Authors: Moghaddam Sharif 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a study to determine the possible effects of cultural schemata on Iranian students' test‐taking processes for cloze tests.Design/methodology/approachA total of 116 students were selected as the participants. They were divided into two groups. One group completed a culturally familiar version of a cloze test, while the other did culturally unfamiliar version of the test. A number of unfamiliar words in the original cloze passage were changed to more familiar ones in the modified version. The participants were interviewed, and their retrospective protocols on the test‐taking processes and the information they could recall from the passage after they had completed the test were documented. The two groups' test‐taking activities were compared in terms of: demonstrating appropriate meaning making of the key terms while finding missing data and recalling, item performance, the amount of text information they had benefited from to fill in the blanks and the quantities and qualities of the final recalls.FindingsThe findings suggest that the students, who read the culturally familiar cloze text, generally understood the text to a greater extent which resulted in a higher score in comparison with those who read the original text. These results support the findings of some previous studies that cloze tests can measure higher order processing abilities.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on effects of cultural schemata on students' test‐taking processes for cloze tests and is original in that it is one of the few conducted in the Middle East.
The chronology of the Neolithic sequence at Dikili Tash, Macedonia, Greece: TL dating of domestic ovens*
Authors: Roque C. , Guibert P. , Vartanian E. , Bechtel F. , Treuil R. , Darcque P. , Koukouli‐Chryssanthaki H. , Malamidou D. 
Published: August 2010

The chronological sequence of a major reference site for Neolithic periods in southeastern Europe and the Aegean, Dikili Tash (Macedonia, Greece), has been reassessed by TL. Baked adobe material samples extracted from domestic ovens, directly associated with specific occupational levels, have been studied. The fine‐grain technique has been used for equivalent dose determination. K, U and Th contents and the equilibrium state of U‐series have been measured by low‐background gamma spectroscopy. Since the archaeological levels were already partly excavated, the environmental dose‐rate was evaluated by a reconstruction technique combining laboratory analysis and on‐site measurements.The TL results (weighted average of multiple age determination, oven 400, middle of the Dikili Tash I (DT‐I) phase, 5500 ± 320bc; oven 600, end of DT‐I, 4920 ± 310bc; house 3, DT‐II, 4260 ± 280bc; house 4, DT‐II, 4510 ± 410bc) are in general agreement with the timeframe deduced from previous radiocarbon dates. This convergence strengthens the settlement's chronology, established now by independent dating methods.
Complications and mortality in older surgical patients in Australia and New Zealand (the REASON study): a multicentre, prospective, observational study*
Authors: Story D. A. , Leslie K. , Myles P. S. , Fink M. , Poustie S. J. , Forbes A. , Yap S. , Beavis V. , Kerridge R. ,   on behalf of the REASON Investigators, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Trials Group
Published: August 2010

SummaryWe conducted a prospective study of non‐cardiac surgical patients aged 70 years or more in 23 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. We studied 4158 consecutive patients of whom 2845 (68%) had pre‐existing comorbidities. By day 30, 216 (5%) patients had died, and 835 (20%) suffered complications; 390 (9.4%) patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Pre‐operative factors associated with mortality included: increasing age (80–89 years: OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.6–2.8), p < 0.001; 90+ years: OR 4.0 (95% CI 2.6–6.2), p < 0.001); worsening ASA physical status (ASA 3: OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.8–5.5), p < 0.001; ASA 4: OR 12.4 (95% CI 6.9–22.2), p < 0.001); a pre‐operative plasma albumin < 30 g.l−1 (OR: 2.5 (95% CI 1.8–3.5), p < 0.001); and non‐scheduled surgery (OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.3–2.5), p < 0.001). Complications associated with mortality included: acute renal impairment (OR 3.3 (95% CI 2.1–5.0), p < 0.001); unplanned Intensive Care Unit admission (OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.9–4.9), p < 0.001); and systemic inflammation (OR 2.5 (95% CI 1.7–3.7), p < 0.001). Patient factors often had a stronger association with mortality than the type of surgery. Strategies are needed to reduce complications and mortality in older surgical patients.
Engagement of CD31 delivers an activating signal that contributes to the survival of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells
Authors: Poggi Alessandro , Prevosto Claudia , Catellani Silvia , Rocco Ilaria , Garuti Anna , Zocchi Maria R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe present study showed that engagement of CD31 delivers a survival signal in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells. We describe two groups of CLL, showing different kinetics of apoptosis in vitro and distinct ratios between anti‐apoptotic and pro‐apoptotic proteins: CLL‐I displayed low Bcl‐xL/Bax and Bcl‐2/Bax ratio and underwent rapid apoptosis in vitro; CLL‐II had high Bcl‐xL/Bax and Bcl‐2/Bax ratio and were resistant to apoptosis for several days. Nurse‐like cells, expressing vimentin, CD68 and CD31 were detected mainly in CLL‐II cultures. Of note, CD31 cross‐linking, obtained with a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), induced phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase‐dependent Akt phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor‐kBp65 and p52 subunits in both CLL groups, leading to upregulation of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL transcription and increased cell survival. Binding to CD31+ stable transfectants, could also deliver an anti‐apoptotic signal in B cells of both CLL‐I and CLL‐II, increasing the Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL protein content, regardless the expression of CD38. On the other hand, the addition of the F(ab’)2 (that is unable to oligomerize the target molecule) of the anti‐CD31 mAb prevented these effects. These data suggest that the CD31 adhesion system may play a role also in vivo in maintaining CLL survival.
Beyond incontinence: the stigma of other urinary symptoms
Authors: Elstad Emily A. , Taubenberger Simone P. , Botelho Elizabeth M. , Tennstedt Sharon L. 
Published: August 2010

elstad e.a., taubenberger s.p., botelho e.m. & tennstedt s.l. (2010) Beyond incontinence: the stigma of other urinary symptoms. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(11), 2460–2470.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to characterize the stigma of urinary frequency and urgency and differentiate it from the stigma of incontinence and to describe race/ethnic and gender differences in the experience of stigma among a diverse sample of individuals.Background.  Lower urinary tract symptoms, including frequency, urgency and incontinence, are susceptible to stigma, but previous stigma research has focused almost exclusively on incontinence.Method.  The Boston Area Community Health Survey is a population‐based, random sample epidemiological survey of urologic symptoms (N = 5503). Qualitative data for this study came from in‐depth interviews conducted between 2007 and 2008 with a random subsample of 151 black, white and Hispanic men and women with urinary symptoms.Findings.  Respondents reported stigma associated with frequency and urgency – not just incontinence. The stigma of frequency/urgency is rooted in social interruption, loss of control of the body, and speculation as to the nature of a non‐specific ‘problem’. Overall, the stigma of urinary symptoms hinged upon whether or not the problem was ‘perceptible’. Men felt stigmatized for making frequent trips to the bathroom and feared being seen as impotent. Women feared having an unclean body or compromised social identity. Hispanic people in particular voiced a desire to keep their urinary symptoms a secret.Conclusion.  The stigma of urinary symptoms goes beyond incontinence to include behaviours associated with frequency and urgency. Healthcare practitioners should assess for stigma sequelae (e.g. anxiety, depression) in individuals with frequency and urgency, and stress treatment options to circumvent stigmatization.
The science of intervention development for type 1 diabetes in childhood: systematic review
Authors: Savage Eileen , Farrell Dawn , McManus Vicki , Grey Margaret 
Published: August 2010

savage e., farrell d., mcmanus v. & grey m. (2010) The science of intervention development for type 1 diabetes in childhood: systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(12), 2604–2613.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a review of the science of intervention development for type 1 diabetes in childhood and its implications for improving health outcomes in children, adolescents, and/or their families.Background.  Previous reviewers have identified insufficient evidence to support the application of effective interventions for type 1 diabetes in clinical practice. The need for quality randomized controlled trials to address shortcomings in previous study designs has been highlighted as a priority for future intervention research. However, there is also a need to consider the scientific development of interventions, which to date has received little attention.Data source.  A search for published randomized controlled trials over 5 years (2004–2008) was conducted in electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Psychinfo, ERIC). Reference lists of papers identified from electronic searches were examined for additional papers.Methods.  A systematic review was conducted. Studies were included if (i) an intervention for managing any aspect of type 1 diabetes was implemented, (ii) children, adolescents and/or their families were sampled, (iii) a randomized controlled trial, (iv) published in English.Results.  Fourteen randomized controlled trials were reviewed on education (n = 7), psychosocial (n = 5) and family therapy (n = 2) interventions. Compared to education interventions, family therapy and most psychosocial interventions were developed with greater scientific rigour, and demonstrated promising effects on more health outcomes measured.Conclusion.  Interventions developed within clearly‐defined scientific criteria offer potential for improving health outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their families. Future reviews on interventions for type 1 diabetes in childhood need to include criteria for assessing the science of intervention development.
Metacognitive Inventory for nursing students in Taiwan: instrument development and testing
Authors: Hsu Li‐Ling 
Published: August 2010

li‐ling h. (2010) Metacognitive Inventory for nursing students in Taiwan: instrument development and testing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(11), 2573–2581.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of the development and testing of an instrument that measures metacognitive abilities of nursing students.Background.  Metacognition refers to an individual’s knowledge, awareness and command of thinking and learning strategies. Nursing students are challenged to think and learn in ways that will prepare them for practical work in a complex healthcare environment. Nursing educators have the responsibility to produce graduates who possess and use metacognitive skills to facilitate the solving of ill‐structured problems using a variety of mental processes, such as reasoning, judgment and creativity.Methods.  In 2007, the Metacognitive Inventory for Nursing Students was developed, based on previous instruments, and administered to a sample of 802 senior nursing students in two nursing colleges and a university in Taiwan. Principal axis factor analysis and other statistical tests were performed to test the psychometric properties of the questionnaire.Results.  Preliminary analysis reduced the original 40 items to 28. Five factors were retained, accounting for 53·09% of the variance, and these five factors were identified as self‐monitoring, self‐modification, self‐awareness, effective learning and problem‐solving. The resultant Metacognitive Inventory achieved good internal consistency reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0·94 and the coefficient for the five factors ranged from 0·73 to 0·90.Conclusion.  Nurse educators in Taiwan could use the Metacognitive Inventory for Nursing Students to assess students and facilitate metacognitive skill development in classrooms and in practice settings.
Research citation analysis of nursing academics in Canada: identifying success indicators
Authors: Hack Thomas F. , Crooks Dauna , Plohman James , Kepron Emma 
Published: August 2010

hack t.f., crooks d., plohman j. & kepron e. (2010) Research citation analysis of nursing academics in Canada: identifying success indicators. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(11), 2542–2549.AbstractAim.  This article is a report of a citation analysis of research publications by Canadian nursing academics.Background.  Citation analysis can yield objective criteria for assessing the value of published research and is becoming increasingly popular as an academic evaluation tool in universities around the world. Citation analysis is useful for examining the research performance of academic researchers and identifying leaders among them.Methods.  The journal publication records of 737 nursing academics at 33 Canadian universities and schools of nursing were subject to citation analysis using the Scopus database. Three primary types of analysis were performed for each individual: number of citations for each journal publication, summative citation count of all published papers and the Scopus h‐index. Preliminary citation analysis was conducted from June to July 2009, with the final analysis performed on 2 October 2009 following e‐mail verification of publication lists.Results.  The top 20 nursing academics for each of five citation categories are presented: the number of career citations for all publications, number of career citations for first‐authored publications, most highly cited first‐authored publications, the Scopus h‐index for all publications and the Scopus h‐index for first‐authored publications.Conclusion.  Citation analysis metrics are useful for evaluating the research performance of academic researchers in nursing. Institutions are encouraged to protect the research time of successful and promising nursing academics, and to dedicate funds to enhance the research programmes of underperforming academic nursing groups.
Holocene fires and a herb‐dominated understorey track wetter climates in subalpine forests
Authors: Blarquez Olivier , Bremond Laurent , Carcaillet Christopher 
Published: August 2010

Summary 1. Relationships between vegetation, climate and disturbance are likely to be altered in the near future as a result of changes in both climate and human impacts on ecosystems. These changes could trigger species losses and distribution shifts in sensitive (e.g. mountainous) ecosystems. Models project a 2.5–3 °C increase in global temperatures by the end of the 21st century, and combined with effects of current land‐use abandonment (leading to the build‐up of fuel material); these increases could cause future ecosystems to become similar to ecosystems of the first half of the Holocene when human impact was negligible. 2. A high‐resolution macroremain record from a small subalpine lake in Italy allowed us to examine 8000 years of stand vegetation dynamics. Linkages between disturbance, vegetation and climate were deciphered by reconstructing local fire occurrence patterns from charcoal remains, characterizing plant species richness by rarefaction analysis, and regional climatic reconstructions in the light of the human archaeological context. 3. Before 5100 cal. year bp, forest ecosystems had fluctuating richness and an intermediate mean fire frequency. The climate was warmer and drier than today. From c. 5100 to 2200 cal. year bp when the climate became wetter, a higher fire frequency promoted the establishment of mixed ecosystems with several tree species, a herbaceous understorey and higher richness. The last 2200 years were characterized by a decrease in richness, a lower fire frequency, and lower temperatures and precipitation. Over the last 8000 years, the probability of fire has increased with time since the last fire, probably as a result of increased fuel‐load or composition, which has assisted the spread of fire. 4. Synthesis. The fire frequency was higher when forest richness was higher, during periods of wetter climate. Temperatures had no correlation with the fire frequency and the ecosystem dynamics in the study region.
Green tea improves metabolic biomarkers, not weight or body composition: a pilot study in overweight breast cancer survivors
Authors: Stendell‐Hollis N. R. , Thomson C. A. , Thompson P. A. , Bea J. W. , Cussler E. C. , Hakim I. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Overweight status after breast cancer treatment may increase a woman’s risk for recurrent disease and/or early onset cardiovascular disease. Green tea has been proposed to promote weight loss and favourably modify glucose, insulin and blood lipids. This pilot study tested the effect of daily decaffeinated green tea consumption for 6 months on weight and body composition, select metabolic parameters and lipid profiles in overweight breast cancer survivors.Methods:  The effect of daily decaffeinated green tea intake on weight, body composition and changes in resting metabolic rate, energy intake, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and lipids was evaluated in overweight breast cancer survivors. Participants had a mean weight of 80.2 kg; body mass index (BMI) 30.1 kg m−2; and body fat 46.4%. Participants (n = 54) were randomised to 960 mL of decaffeinated green or placebo tea daily for 6 months.Results:  Mean (SD) tea intake among study completers (n = 39) was 5952 (1176) mL week−1 and was associated with a significant reduction in energy intake (P = 0.02). Change in body weight of −1.2 kg (green tea) versus +0.2 kg (placebo) suggests a weight change effect, although this was not statistically significant. Decaffeinated green tea intake was associated with elevated high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (P = 0.003) and nonsignificant improvements in the HDL/LDL ratio and HOMA‐IR (−1.1 ± 5.9: green tea; +3.2 ± 7.2: herbal).Conclusions:  Intake of decaffeinated green tea for 6 months was associated with a slight reduction in body weight and improved HDL and glucose homeostasis in overweight breast cancer survivors.
Redox sensing: orthogonal control in cell cycle and apoptosis signalling
Authors: Jones D. P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.  Jones DP (Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA). Redox sensing: orthogonal control in cell cycle and apoptosis signalling (Symposium). J Intern Med 2010; 268: 432–448.Living systems have three major types of cell signalling systems that are dependent upon high‐energy chemicals, redox environment and transmembranal ion‐gating mechanisms. Development of integrated systems biology descriptions of cell signalling require conceptual models incorporating all three. Recent advances in redox biology show that thiol–disulphide redox systems are regulated under dynamic, nonequilibrium conditions, progressively oxidized with the life cycle of cells and distinct in terms of redox potentials amongst subcellular compartments. This article uses these observations as a basis to distinguish ‘redox‐sensing’ mechanisms, which are more global biologic redox control mechanisms, from ‘redox signalling’, which involves conveyance of discrete activating or inactivating signals. Both redox sensing and redox signalling use sulphur switches, especially cysteine (Cys) residues in proteins which are sensitive to reversible oxidation, nitrosylation, glutathionylation, acylation, sulfhydration or metal binding. Unlike specific signalling mechanisms, the redox‐sensing mechanisms provide means to globally affect the rates and activities of the high‐energy, ion‐gating and redox‐signalling systems by controlling sensitivity, distribution, macromolecular interactions and mobility of signalling proteins. Effects mediated through Cys residues not directly involved in signalling means redox‐sensing control can be orthogonal to the signalling mechanisms. This provides a capability to integrate signals according to cell cycle and physiologic state without fundamentally altering the signalling mechanisms. Recent findings that thiol–disulphide pools in humans are oxidized with age, environmental exposures and disease risk suggest that redox‐sensing thiols could provide a central mechanistic link in disease development and progression.