bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I do plan to do that in the future, just not the near future’: rural professional experience programs and pre-service teacher graduate destination preferences
Authors: Fish Tim , Bradbury Ondine , O’Donovan Richard , Larsen Ana , Komarzynski Lyn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study examines pre-service teachers (PSTs) from two Australian universities regarding their involvement in rural professional experience (PE) placements and their potential impact on future career choices. The objective was to gain insight into the diverse teaching and learning experiences PSTs had during their rural PE, and what impact these had on their interest in working in country schools. This paper focuses on findings from urban and rural-based PSTs who undertook rural, regional and remote PE. PSTs reported that these experiences helped them develop rewarding pedagogical approaches and contributed to significant personal and professional growth. They reflected that their growth as a teacher arose from encountering diverse student cohorts, the school cultures they experienced, and the relationships they formed within the school community. However, despite these positive aspects, the PSTs’ intentions to pursue employment in rural areas remained diverse and personal. This suggests that while rural PE was highly valued, it was not sufficient to override individual circumstances and preferences when considering rural employment. It also seemed that the experiences may have inadvertently attracted PSTs open to change and adventure who utilised the support of rural mentors and communities, only to ultimately teach in metropolitan schools.
Khovanov homology, wedges of spheres and complexity
Authors: Przytycki Jozef H. , Silvero Marithania 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOur main result has topological, combinatorial and computational flavor. It is motivated by a fundamental conjecture stating that computing Khovanov homology of a closed braid of fixed number of strands has polynomial time complexity. We show that the independence simplicial complex I(w) associated to the 4-braid diagram w (and therefore its Khovanov spectrum at extreme quantum degree) is contractible or homotopy equivalent to either a sphere, or a wedge of two spheres (possibly of different dimensions), or a wedge of three spheres (at least two of them of the same dimension), or a wedge of four spheres (at least three of them of the same dimension). On the algorithmic side we prove that finding the homotopy type of I(w) can be done in polynomial time with respect to the number of crossings in w. In particular, we prove the wedge of spheres conjecture for circle graphs obtained from 4-braid diagrams. We also introduce the concept of Khovanov adequate diagram and discuss criteria for a link to have a Khovanov adequate braid diagram with at most 4 strands.
Optimizing the drying conditions of date plum (Diospyros lotus L.) to conserve its phenolic content and antioxidants for preparing a highly bioaccessible polyphenol-rich tea
Authors: Pashazadeh Hojjat , Ali Redha Ali , Hassan Awadalgeed M. A. , Koca Ilkay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDate plum (Diospyros lotus L.) fruits are a good source of bioactive compounds and antioxidants. Drying can increase the shelf life of the fruit and its applications in the food development industry. Optimizing the drying conditions can help to produce prime-quality dried date plum fruits and conserve nutrients including phytochemicals. This study used a two-factor graphics-optimal design to optimize convective drying considering the air velocity and drying temperature of date plum fruits. The independent factors considered included drying temperature (43.78–86.21 °C) and air velocities (0.54–1.96 m/s), and the responses included total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of date plum fruit. The optimized drying conditions (68 °C and 1.75 m/s) resulted in desirable TPC, TFC, FRAP, and DPPH values. The findings indicated that long drying time at low temperatures significantly decreased the phenolics and antioxidants. Date plum tea with different decoction times (5, 10, and 15 min) was prepared from fruits dried at optimum conditions. A decoction time of 5 min resulted in the highest catechin, vanillic, epicatechin, syringic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside content, which were 2.45 ± 0.04, 11.06 ± 0.11, 22.03 ± 0.11, 12.95 ± 0.08, and 9.37 ± 0.10 mg/L; respectively. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion revealed that the tea product can be a source of highly bioaccessible (> 80%) gallic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside. Applying optimized drying conditions to dehydrate date plum fruit can be useful in preparing a highly bioaccessible polyphenol-rich tea.
Understanding the Novel Approach of Nanoferroptosis for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sheikh Afsana , Kesharwani Prashant , Almalki Waleed H. , Almujri Salem Salman , Dai Linxin , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Gao Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a new form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis has unraveled the unsolicited theory of intrinsic apoptosis resistance by cancer cells. The molecular mechanism of ferroptosis depends on the induction of oxidative stress through excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation and glutathione depletion to damage the structural integrity of cells. Due to their high loading and structural tunability, nanocarriers can escort the delivery of ferro-therapeutics to the desired site through enhanced permeation or retention effect or by active targeting. This review shed light on the necessity of iron in cancer cell growth and the fascinating features of ferroptosis in regulating the cell cycle and metastasis. Additionally, we discussed the effect of ferroptosis-mediated therapy using nanoplatforms and their chemical basis in overcoming the barriers to cancer therapy.
Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Solid–Liquid Two-Step Film Formation
Authors: Zhang Juan , Ji Xiaofei , Wang Xiaoting , Zhang Liujiang , Bi Leyu , Su Zhenhuang , Gao Xingyu , Zhang Wenjun , Shi Lei , Guan Guoqing , Abudula Abuliti , Hao Xiaogang , Yang Liyou , Fu Qiang , Jen Alex K.-Y. , Lu Linfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells. The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of PSMs. In this work, we adopted a solid–liquid two-step film formation technique, which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite films. This method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods, which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform, large-area perovskite film. Furthermore, modification of the NiOx/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite crystallization. As a result, a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains, fewer pinholes, and reduced defects could be achieved. The inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm2 (10 × 10 cm2 substrate) achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56% and significantly improved stability. This method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.
Underlying catastrophes: umbilics and pattern formation
Authors: Jeffrey Mike R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBifurcation theory provides a very general means to classify the local changes in numbers of zeros of vector fields, but not a general means to find where a given bifurcation occurs, at least at higher codimensions. Instead, it turns out, these bifurcations can be found by looking for their underlying catastrophes. Here I show that the concept of underlying catastrophes can be extended to the umbilics. The umbilics are important in opening up qualitatively different forms of bifurcations beyond the ‘corank 1’ catastrophes of folds, cusps, swallowtails, etc. An example is given showing how four zeros of a vector field bifurcating from a single point, may do so either via a 3-parameter swallowtail catastrophe involving equilibria of similar stabilities, or via a 4-parameter umbilic catastrophe involving equilibria of opposing stabilities. This opens an avenue to studying spatiotemporal pattern formation around high codimension bifurcation points, and I conclude with some illustrative examples.
Praktiken des Zuweisens von (Il‑)Legitimität. Wie Grundschullehrer*innen im Anspruch der Inklusion pädagogische Tradierungen verhandeln
Authors: Olk Matthias 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Anspruch der Inklusion sieht sich das Grundschullehrer*innenhandeln mit der Aufgabe konfrontiert, diesen Anspruch in die Alltagspraxis zu übersetzen. Dabei können die Eigenlogik der Praxis und die komplexen Erwartungen, die an die Grundschule im Anspruch der Inklusion gerichtet werden, nicht missachtet werden. An empirischen Beispielen wird in dem Beitrag der Frage nachgegangen, wie grundschulpädagogische Akteur*innen diese Übersetzungsleistung vollziehen. Dabei treten zwei unterschiedliche Modi der Zuweisung der (Il‑)Legitimität pädagogischer Tradierungen hervor. Sie werden kontrastierend dargestellt, um schließlich die Frage nach einer mehr oder weniger professionalisierten Bearbeitung der Aufgabe, die Gültigkeit pädagogischer Tradierungen im Anspruch der Inklusion zu verhandeln, zu diskutieren.
Decellularized porcine vena cava grafts are fully repopulated after orthotopic implantation
Authors: Palek Richard , Massaro Maria Stefania , Cervenkova Lenka , Moulisova Vladimira , Grajciarova Martina , Maleckova Anna , Hosek Petr , Rosendorf Jachym , Polak Robert , Sevcik Jan , Sarcevic Sima , Kepkova Lucie , Korcakova Eva , Mirka Hynek , Tonar Zbynek , Liska Vaclav 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTissue-engineered organs, based on native extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, could be a game changer in regenerative medicine applications. Decellularization technology provides such scaffolds with organ-typic ECM composition and architecture. Despite limitations such as the requirement of huge cell numbers and finding the optimal route of entry, recellularized scaffolds provide alternative grafts for transplantation. In this study we assessed whether decellularized scaffolds, when implanted, are repopulated from the adjacent tissue. Since the vasculature plays an important role in tissue functionality, our main focus was to evaluate in situ repopulation of decellularized veins in a pig model. For this, porcine inferior vena cava grafts were decellularized and orthotopically implanted in recipient pigs (n = 12). To evaluate possible immune responses to the scaffolds and to assess potential thrombus formation, cellular allogeneic vena cava grafts were transplanted in control pigs (n = 8). Within 28 days after implantation, the decellularized veins were fully recellularized with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Quantitative histological analysis showed a comparable amount of smooth muscle actin in the repopulated decellularized grafts similar to the native IVC. Lymphocyte infiltrates representing signs of graft rejection were not detected in the pigs, as opposed to the control group that received the allogeneic grafts. The decellularized grafts provoked a higher incidence of thrombosis in comparison with allogeneic grafts (33.3 vs. 12.5%). With this study, we show efficient in situ repopulation of decellularized vein grafts. These findings are insightful and promising to further explore the use of decellularized tissue without the need for full pre-transplant recellularization.
Graphical abstract
Conversion of iota carrageenan hydrocolloids to hydrophobic hydrocolloids, by the replacement of potassium to barium ion, for the entrapment of water insoluble drugs
Authors: Shukla Aman , Kumar Sachin , Bhatt Akanksha , Purohit Priyank 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo entrap the water-insoluble medicine, the current innovation provides a cost-effective solution to the increasing need for hydrophobic gel. Improving the bioavailability of a medicine that is poorly soluble begins with entrapping the substance. By only switching out the monovalent ions for divalent ones, the researchers hope to increase the hydrophobicity of their material. In this experiment, barium ions were used instead of potassium ions in the iota carrageenan to make structural, chemical, and physicochemical changes easier during transformation. Hydrophobicity was determined qualitatively by observing the ability to trap small oil particles and repel water, moreover, the quantitative investigation was carried out using the weight loss method to determine the metal ion water isolation value and drug entrapment value within the core of barium linked carrageenan gel. The metal’s weight loss metal water affinity was determined to be 90% after 24 h, but it was only 67% with the synthesized gel coating the metal, this clearly shows that the barium gel had greater water protection activity. Furthermore, the barium-linked gel exhibited three times the entrapment capacity of the parent gel, and it successfully encased the water-insoluble medication with controlled release. The current study shows how the attached ion to the polymer changes its hydrophilic behavior into a hydrophobic one. This is a new and inexpensive way to do things. However, up until this point, the addition of the hydrophobic substrate and the functionalization of the polymer have been utilized. This leads to a plan that shows promise for improving the ability of hydrophobic hydrocolloid gels to hold drugs that do not dissolve in water.
Quantum deep learning-based anomaly detection for enhanced network security
Authors: Hdaib Moe , Rajasegarar Sutharshan , Pan Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIdentifying and mitigating aberrant activities within the network traffic is important to prevent adverse consequences caused by cyber security incidents, which have been increasing significantly in recent times. Existing research mainly focuses on classical machine learning and deep learning-based approaches for detecting such attacks. However, exploiting the power of quantum deep learning to process complex correlation of features for anomaly detection is not well explored. Hence, in this paper, we investigate quantum machine learning and quantum deep learning-based anomaly detection methodologies to accurately detect network attacks. In particular, we propose three novel quantum auto-encoder-based anomaly detection frameworks. Our primary aim is to create hybrid models that leverage the strengths of both quantum and deep learning methodologies for efficient anomaly recognition. The three frameworks are formed by integrating the quantum autoencoder with a quantum one-class support vector machine, a quantum random forest, and a quantum k-nearest neighbor approach. The anomaly detection capability of the frameworks is evaluated using benchmark datasets comprising computer and Internet of Things network flows. Our evaluation demonstrates that all three frameworks have a high potential to detect the network traffic anomalies accurately, while the framework that integrates the quantum autoencoder with the quantum k-nearest neighbor yields the highest accuracy. This demonstrates the promising potential for the development of quantum frameworks for anomaly detection, underscoring their relevance for future advancements in network security.
Flexible Piezoelectric Sensor Based on Two-Dimensional Topological Network of PVDF/DA Composite Nanofiber Membrane
Authors: Xiong Junpeng , Wang Ling , Liang Fanghua , Li Mengying , Yabuta Yoshinori , Iqbal Muhammad Asim , Mayakrishnan Gopiraman , Shi Jian , Kim Ick Soo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOwing to the robust scalability, ease of control and substantial industrial applications, the utilization of electrospinning technology to produce piezoelectric nanofiber materials demonstrates a significant potential in the development of wearable products including flexible wearable sensors. However, it is unfortunate that the attainment of high-performance piezoelectric materials through this method remains a challenging task. Herein, a high-performance composite nanofiber membrane with a coherent and uniformly dispersed two-dimensional network topology composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/dopamine (DA) nanofiber membranes and ultrafine PVDF/DA nanofibers was successfully fabricated by the electrospinning technique. Based on the evidence obtained from simulations, experimental and theoretical results, it was confirmed that the unique structure of the nanofiber membrane significantly enhances the piezoelectric performance. The present PVDF/DA composite nanofibers demonstrated a remarkable piezoelectric performance such as a wide response range (1.5–40 N), high sensitivity to weak forces (0–4 N, 7.29 V N−1), and outstanding operational durability. Furthermore, the potential application of the present PVDF/DA membrane as a flexible wearable sensor for monitoring human motion and subtle physiological signals has also been validated. This work not only introduces a novel strategy for the application of electrospun nanofibers in sensors but also provides new insights into high-performance piezoelectric materials.
Graphical Abstract
Generalized Formal Model-Verifier: A Formal Approach for Verifying Static Models
Authors: Somogyi Norbert , Mezei Gergely 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe field of software modeling has gained significant popularity in the last decades. By capturing the static aspects of the software requirements, model-driven engineering eases the development and maintenance of software. However, additional constraints, such as invariants on model elements, that the solution must conform to may be too complex to include in the structure of the model itself. External solutions are often used to describe static constraints on models, the most prevalent approach being the Object Constraint Language (OCL) and its formal variants. This paper proposes the Generalized Formal Model-Verifier (GFMV), which is a general approach for verifying static constraints on software models. GFMV employs different formal verification methods based on Kripke Structures. Kripke Structures are used to capture the static structure of the model, then the constraints are formalized using a first-order branching-time logic, the Computational Tree Logic (CTL). Finally, the NuSMV model checker is reused to verify whether the constraints formalized in CTL hold on the formal Kripke Structure. When compared to existing solutions, GFMV offers increased generality and formal proof that the constraints hold on the model. The expressive power and runtime-scalability of the approach are evaluated on a real-world example model and OCL invariants cited from literature.
Revisiting the evidence on thermostatic response to democratic change: degrees of democratic support or researcher degrees of freedom?
Authors: Hu Yue , Tai Yuehong Cassandra , Solt Frederick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProminent recent work argues that support for democracy behaves thermostatically—that democratic erosion boosts democratic support while deepening democracy yields public backlash—and further contends that there is no evidence for the classic argument that democracy itself increases democratic support over time. Here, we document how these conclusions depend on subtle choices in measurement coding that constitute “researcher degrees of freedom”: analyses employing alternative reasonable choices provide little or no support for the original conclusions. The fragility of the statistical results demonstrates that researcher degrees of freedom in measurement must be taken seriously and that the question of the relationship between democratic institutions and democratic support remains unsettled.
Thinness of some hypergeometric groups in
$\mathrm{Sp}(6)$
Authors: Singh Sandip , Singh Shashank Vikram 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show the thinness of
$7$
of the
$40$
hypergeometric groups having a maximally unipotent monodromy in
$\mathrm{Sp}(6)$
.
What are the limits of political violence? Ebihara Toshio’s murder and the Umemoto-Kuroda controversy in 1970s Japan
Authors: de Vargas Ferran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOn 3 August 1970, a student activist belonging to the Kakumaru-ha (Revolutionary Marxist Faction) was beaten to death by members of the rival Chūkaku-ha (Central Core Faction) at Hosei University, Tokyo. This incident sparked an intense war between Japanese New Left factions that stretched into the 1980s and resulted in dozens of deaths, making Japan a unique case among industrialized nations for its extremely high level of left-wing interfactional violence. Of particular importance in understanding the ideological factors surrounding such an escalation of violence was the debate triggered between Umemoto Katsumi, one of the intellectual founders of the Japanese New Left, and members of the Kakumaru-ha led by Kuroda Kan’ichi around the limits of political violence. This article explores the theoretical confrontation between these two opposing sides that was of such critical importance to the logic of war between Japanese New Left factions in the 1970s and 1980s.
Learning vision-based robotic manipulation tasks sequentially in offline reinforcement learning settings
Authors: Yadav Sudhir Pratap , Nagar Rajendra , Shah Suril V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the rise of deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods, many complex robotic manipulation tasks are being solved. However, harnessing the full power of deep learning requires large datasets. Online RL does not suit itself readily into this paradigm due to costly and time-consuming agent-environment interaction. Therefore, many offline RL algorithms have recently been proposed to learn robotic tasks. But mainly, all such methods focus on a single-task or multitask learning, which requires retraining whenever we need to learn a new task. Continuously learning tasks without forgetting previous knowledge combined with the power of offline deep RL would allow us to scale the number of tasks by adding them one after another. This paper investigates the effectiveness of regularisation-based methods like synaptic intelligence for sequentially learning image-based robotic manipulation tasks in an offline-RL setup. We evaluate the performance of this combined framework against common challenges of sequential learning: catastrophic forgetting and forward knowledge transfer. We performed experiments with different task combinations to analyse the effect of task ordering. We also investigated the effect of the number of object configurations and the density of robot trajectories. We found that learning tasks sequentially helps in the retention of knowledge from previous tasks, thereby reducing the time required to learn a new task. Regularisation-based approaches for continuous learning, like the synaptic intelligence method, help mitigate catastrophic forgetting but have shown only limited transfer of knowledge from previous tasks.