bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planung und Bau eines Wellenbrechers mit integrierter Hafenanlage für den LNG‐Terminal in Swinemünde
Authors: Tworuschka Hartmut 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIm polnischen Swinemünde wird bis zum Jahr 2014 eine neue Anlage zur Verarbeitung von Flüssiggas errichtet. Der Antransport des Flüssiggases erfolgt auf dem Seeweg. Hierzu ist es notwendig, eine neue Hafenanlage bereitzustellen. Kernstück dieser Hafenanlage ist ein 3 km langer Wellenbrecher mit integrierten Anlegemöglichkeiten für Gastanker. Mit dieser Konstruktion entsteht vor der Küste ein geschlossenes Hafenbecken mit einer Wassertiefe von bis zu 14,50 m. Die Konstruktion besteht aus einem Spundwandkern mit einem Damm, wobei die gesamte Konstruktion befahrbar ist. In den Wellenbrecher wird neben der Infrastruktur zur Abfertigung der Schiffe ein komplexes Rohrleitungssystem, mit dem das Flüssiggas befördert werden kann, integriert.Design and construction of breakwaters with integrated port facility for the Swinemünde LNG terminalIn the Polish city of Swinemünde, a new liquefied natural gas (LNG) processing facility is being constructed for completion by 2014. The liquefied gas is transported to the facility by sea. This makes it necessary to provide a new port facility. A key element of this port is a 3 km long breakwater with integrated mooring facilities for gas tankers. This will create an enclosed port basin between the shore and the sea, with a water depth of up to 14.50 m. The construction consists of sheet piling at the centre of a bank, which is constructed to be suitable for vehicular traffic. In addition to the infrastructure for handling the ships, the breakwater includes a complex pipe system which is used to convey the liquid gas.
Prediction and verification of centrifugal dewatering of P. pastoris fermentation cultures using an ultra scale‐down approach
Authors: Lopes A.G. , Keshavarz‐Moore E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent years have seen a dramatic rise in fermentation broth cell densities and a shift to extracellular product expression in microbial cells. As a result, dewatering characteristics during cell separation is of importance, as any liquor trapped in the sediment results in loss of product, and thus a decrease in product recovery. In this study, an ultra scale‐down (USD) approach was developed to enable the rapid assessment of dewatering performance of pilot‐scale centrifuges with intermittent solids discharge. The results were then verified at scale for two types of pilot‐scale centrifuges: a tubular bowl equipment and a disk‐stack centrifuge. Initial experiments showed that employing a laboratory‐scale centrifugal mimic based on using a comparable feed concentration to that of the pilot‐scale centrifuge, does not successfully predict the dewatering performance at scale (P‐value <0.05). However, successful prediction of dewatering levels was achieved using the USD method (P‐value ≥0.05), based on using a feed concentration at small‐scale that mimicked the same height of solids as that in the pilot‐scale centrifuge. Initial experiments used Baker's yeast feed suspensions followed by fresh Pichia pastoris fermentation cultures. This work presents a simple and novel USD approach to predict dewatering levels in two types of pilot‐scale centrifuges using small quantities of feedstock (<50 mL). It is a useful tool to determine optimal conditions under which the pilot‐scale centrifuge needs to be operated, reducing the need for repeated pilot‐scale runs during early stages of process development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:2039–2047. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CFD simulation of mixing for high‐solids anaerobic digestion
Authors: Wu Binxin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that simulates mechanical mixing for high‐solids anaerobic digestion was developed. Numerical simulations of mixing manure slurry which exhibits non‐Newtonian pseudo‐plastic fluid behavior were performed for six designs: (i) one helical ribbon impeller; (ii) one anchor impeller; (iii) one curtain‐type impeller; (iv) three counterflow (CF‐2) impellers; (v) two modified high solidity (MHS 3/39°) impellers; and (vi) two pitched blade turbine impellers. The CFD model was validated against measurements for mixing a Herschel–Bulkley fluid by ribbon and anchor impellers. Based on mixing time with respect to mixing energy level, three impeller types (ribbon, CF‐2, and MHS 3/39°) stand out when agitating highly viscous fluids, of these mixing with two MHS 3/39° impellers requires the lowest power input to homogenize the manure slurry. A comparison of digestion material demonstrates that the mixing energy varies with manure type and total solids concentration to obtain a given mixing time. Moreover, an in‐depth discussion about the CFD strategy, the influences of flow regime and impeller type on mixing characteristics, and the intrinsic relation between mixing and flow field is included. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:2116–2126. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetics of adsorption, desorption, and re‐adsorption of a commercial endoglucanase in lignocellulosic suspensions
Authors: Wang Q.Q. , Zhu J.Y. , Hunt C.G. , Zhan H.Y. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study conducted quantitative kinetic modeling and in situ and temporally resolved measurements of adsorption, desorption, and re‐adsorption of a commercial endoglucanase in lignocellulosic suspensions. The study defined a cellulase adsorption and desorption competition parameter, a pseudo rate of binding and desorption, binding and desorption capacity, as well as cellulase‐binding reversibility (a thermodynamic property) and recyclability (a engineering parameter). The results indicate that both substrate chemical and physical structures play important roles in cellulase binding and desorption. Binding of a commercial cellulase onto a cellulosic substrate was reversible. Bindings to two different lignocellulosic substrates were almost irreversible. While lignin and its structure positively affect binding capacity to substrate, they negatively affect cellulase recyclability. Collapsing of substrate pores reduced cellulose accessibility and cellulase‐binding capacity and increased reversibility and recyclability. Increasing temperature and pH increase cellulase desorption and increased binding reversibility and capacity. This study lays the foundation for developing effective cellulase recycling strategies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1965–1975. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly sensitive and rapid ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of nifedipine in human plasma and its application to a bioequivalence study
Authors: Patel Daxesh P. , Sharma Primal , Sanyal Mallika , Singhal Puran , Shrivastav Pranav S. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTAn ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method has been developed for the determination of nifedipine in human plasma using nifedipine‐d6 as the internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were prepared by solid‐phase extraction on Phenomenex Strata‐X cartridges employing 200 μL human plasma. Chromatography was carried out on Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm particle size) analytical column under isocratic conditions using a mobile phase consisting of 4.0 mm ammonium acetate‐acetonitrile (15:85, v/v). The precursor → product ion transitions for nifedipine (m/z 347.2 → 315.2) and IS (m/z 353.1 → 318.1) were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, operating in the multiple reaction monitoring and positive‐ion mode. The method was validated over a wide dynamic concentration range of 0.050–150 ng/mL. Matrix effect was assessed by post‐column analyte infusion and the mean extraction recovery was 95.6% across four quality control levels. The method is rugged and rapid with a total run time of 1.2 min and was applied to a bioequivalence study of 20 mg nifedipine tablet formulation in 30 healthy Indian subjects under fasting condition. Assay reproducibility was confirmed by reanalysis of 116 incurred samples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Aminopyridines and Aminopyridones by Cobalt‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions Involving Yne‐Ynamides: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Garcia Pierre , Evanno Yannick , George Pascal , Sevrin Mireille , Ricci Gino , Malacria Max , Aubert Corinne , Gandon Vincent 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn in‐depth study of the cobalt‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition between yne‐ynamides and nitriles to afford aminopyridines has been carried out. About 30 nitriles exhibiting a broad range of steric demand and electronic properties have been evaluated, some of which open new perspectives in metal‐catalyzed arene formation. In particular, the use of [CpCo(CO)(dmfu)] (dmfu=dimethyl fumarate) as a precatalyst made possible the incorporation of electron‐deficient nitriles into the pyridine core. Modification of the substitution pattern at the yne‐ynamide allows the regioselectivity to be switched toward 3‐ or 4‐aminopyridines. Application of this synthetic methodology to the construction of the aminopyridone framework using a yne‐ynamide and an isocyanate was also briefly examined. DFT computations suggest that 3‐aminopyridines are formed by formal [4+2] cycloaddition between the nitrile and the intermediate cobaltacyclopentadiene, whereas 4‐aminopyridines arise from an insertion pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaline—Alkaline Earth Fluoride Carbonate Crystals ABCO3F (A: K, Rb, Cs; B: Ca, Sr, Ba) as Nonlinear Optical Materials.
Authors: Zou Guohong , Ye Ning , Huang Ling , Lin Xinsong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKSrCO3F, RbSrCO3F, KCaCO3F, RbCaCO3F, CsCaCO3F, and Cs3Ba4(CO3)3F5 are obtained by spontaneous crystallization from molten mixtures of BCO3 (B: Ca, Sr, Ba) and A2CO3/BF2 (A: K, Rb, Cs).
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure‐Induced Phase Transition of Fe2TiO4: X‐Ray Diffraction and Moessbauer Spectroscopy.
Authors: Wu Ye , Wu Xiang , Qin Shan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractStructural stability of the title compound under high pressure up to about 24 GPa at room temperature is investigated by XRD and Moessbauer spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: The New Oxometallates Cs4[FeO3], Cs4[ZnO3] and Cs3[BO3] with Trigonal‐Planar Anions — Decomposition Products of Alkali Metal Suboxometallates.
Authors: Hoch Constantin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are obtained from reactions of Cs metal, Cs2O, and Fe2O3, ZnO, or B2O3 (Ta crucibles, 300 °C, 2—3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: BaFeO3: A Ferromagnetic Iron Oxide.
Authors: Hayashi Naoaki , Yamamoto Takafumi , Kageyama Hiroshi , Nishi Masakazu , Watanabe Yoshitaka , Kawakami Takateru , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Fujimori Atsushi , Takano Mikio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBaFeO3 is prepared from a mixture of Ba(NO3)2 and Fe(NO3)2 dissolved in water containing a fivefold excess of citric acid, propylene glycol, and ammonia (120 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis of Diels—Alder Reactions with in situ Generated Heterocyclic ortho‐Quinodimethanes.
Authors: Liu Yankai , Nappi Manuel , Arceo Elena , Vera Silvia , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUnder catalysis of a chiral amine, the title quinodimethanes are generated in situ to further undergo Diels—Alder reactions with nitroolefins or methyleneindolinones to give carbazole‐, pyrrole‐, or furan‐based cycloadducts with excellent stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Swern Oxidation of Alcohols with Ion‐Supported Methyl Sulfoxide and Oxalyl Chloride.
Authors: Tsuchiya Daisuke , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe use of an ionic liquid supported sulfoxide allows Swern type oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds (15 examples) without any unpleasent odor.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by Platinum on Carbon under Ordinary Pressures and Temperatures.
Authors: Fujiwara Yuta , Iwasaki Youhei , Maegawa Tomohiro , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe reported method is highly effective even for the hydrogenation of sterically hindered alkyl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sulfur‐Substituted α‐Stereogenic Amides and Ketones: Highly Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Additions of 1,4‐Dicarbonylbut‐2‐enes.
Authors: Zhao Fangli , Zhang Wen , Yang Yuanyong , Pan Yuanhang , Chen Wenchao , Liu Hongjun , Yan Lin , Tan Choon‐Hong , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHighly stereoselective formation of α‐sulfurated amides and ketones is possible.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Cluster‐Promoted Heterogeneous Copper Catalyst for N‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols.
Authors: Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Shimura Katsuya , Nishimura Masanari , Satsuma Atsushi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA newly developed heterogeneous bimetallic Cu0.95Ag0.05/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation and H2‐reduction at 600 °C is used for the effective N‐alkylation of anilines and aliphatic amines with alcohols under mild reaction conditions without any co‐catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Enamine‐Mediated Addition of Aldehydes to Cyclic Enones.
Authors: Scarpino Schietroma Daniele M. , Monaco Mattia R. , Visca Valerio , Insogna Susanna , Overgaard Jacob , Bella Marco 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt is found that the prolinol shown in the scheme efficiently promotes the asymmetric addition of aldehydes to the cyclohexenone (I).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Reactivity of Imidazole Carbamates and Ureas and Their Use as Esterification and Amidation Reagents.
Authors: Heller Stephen T. , Sarpong Richmond 
Published: March 2012

AbstractImidazolecarbamates such as (II) are successfully applied in the transesterification of carboxylic acids to give the corresponding carboxylic esters in good yields with a minimal amount of waste.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Hydroacylation with Rhodium/Phosphoramidite—Alkene Ligand Complexes.
Authors: Hoffman Thomas J. , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA complex catalytic system is developed to produce substituted cyclopentanones with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Tertiary and Secondary Amides to Amines.
Authors: Das Shoubhik , Addis Daniele , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA general and chemoselective catalytic reduction of amides to amines using inexpensive zinc catalysts and silanes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Syngas‐Mediated C—C Bond Formation in Flow: Selective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Styrenes.
Authors: Kasinathan Sivarajan , Bourne Samuel L. , Tolstoy Paeivi , Koos Peter , O'Brien Matthew , Bates Roderick W. , Baxendale Ian R. , Ley Steven V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA highly regioselective Rh‐catalyzed hydroformylation of styrenes is developed using a continuous flow process in a tube‐in‐tube gas‐liquid reactor.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative C—C Bond Formation of Allenols with Arylboronic Acids under Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Choi Soo Young , Chung Young Keun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt provides a simple, efficient, and widely applicable method to prepare 2‐methylene‐1‐arylbut‐3‐en‐1‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective and Regioselective Substitution of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates with Nitroalkanes.
Authors: Chen Guo‐Ying , Zhong Fangrui , Lu Yixin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe use of MBH carbonates bearing an alkyl substituent is not possible in the process.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ferrocenyl‐DHIPOH/Cu(OAc)2 Complex for Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Catalysis of the 1,4‐Addition of Glycine Derivatives to Alkylidene Malonates.
Authors: Shi Yu‐Hua , Wang Zheng , Hu Bin , Wang Ming , Fossey John S. , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCompared to similar catalysts, the new PPFC afford higher enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Thiourea—Broensted Acid Organocatalysis: Enantioselective Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes with TMSCN.
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Lippert Katharina M. , Hausmann Heike , Kotke Mike , Schreiner Peter R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe catalyst system efficiently promotes the asymmetric cyanosilylation of aromatic and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Aerobic N‐Alkylation of Sulfonamides with Alcohols.
Authors: Feng Sun Lin , Liu Chuan Zhi , Li Qiang , Yu Xiao Chun , Xu Qing 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe simple protocol can be applied to the reaction of various sulfonamides and, with slight variations, to 2‐aminopyridine or benzamide to give the corresponding N‐monoalkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Reaction of 1‐(2,2‐Dibromovinyl)‐2‐alkenylbenzene and Carbon Monoxide, with Phenol or Alcohol.
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Wu Jie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe addition of molecular sieves is highly effective for the reaction of phenols, whereas no advantage is observed in the case of alcohol substrates [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential and One‐Pot Reactions of Phenols with Bromoalkynes for the Synthesis of (Z)‐2‐Bromovinyl Phenyl Ethers and Benzo[b]furans.
Authors: Wang Shihua , Li Pinhua , Yu Lin , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe one‐pot, two‐step synthesis proceeds with high yields and excellent regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Acylpyrroles with Glyoxylates Catalyzed by BINOL—Ti(IV) Complexes.
Authors: Majer Jakub , Kwiatkowski Piotr , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPyrrole substrates substituted by an electron‐withdrawing group at the α or β‐position as well as at the nitrogen atom can be successfully used.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Facilitated Iodine‐Mediated Electrophilic Annulation of N,N‐Dimethyl‐2‐alkynylanilines with Disulfides or Diselenides.
Authors: Du Hui‐Ai , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Deng Chen‐Liang , Liu Yan , Li Jin‐Heng , Zhang Xing‐Guo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new and widely applicable method to prepare 3‐chalcogenoindoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Chiral Ligands: Carbohydrates, Alkaloids—Lanthanides and Other Lewis Acid Complexes to Control Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity of the Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrile Oxides and Crotonamides and Cinnamides.
Authors: Gucma Miroslaw , Golebiewski W. Marek 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTrisubstituted isoxazolidines are synthesized by cycloaddition of aryl nitrile oxides with secondary α,β‐unsaturated amides in the presence of different catalyst systems.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Result of the Reaction of Benzothioamide Derivatives with 2‐Aryl‐2‐bromoacetonitriles.
Authors: Boeini Hassan Zali , Mobin Mehdi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe title reaction unexpectedly furnishes 3,5‐diaryl‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles when conducted in DMSO.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition—Cyclization Cascade Reaction of Malonates with o‐Hydroxycinnamaldehydes: Asymmetric Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Chromanols.
Authors: Lee Yongcheon , Seo Seung Woo , Kim Sung‐Gon 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe title reaction provides a mild and facile approach to enantioenriched 4‐substituted chromanols.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid and Lewis Acid Combination in the Synthesis of Novel (E)‐1‐(Benzylideneamino)‐3‐cyano‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐2‐pyridones.
Authors: Moreira Dayse N. , Frizzo Clarissa P. , Longhi Kelvis , Soares Aline B. , Marzari Mara R. B. , Buriol Lilian , Brondani Sergio , Zanatta Nilo , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract11 Pyridone derivatives of type (III) are prepared using triethylamine as catalyst and [bmim]BF4 as solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arylated Quinolines by Chemo‐ and Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of 5,7‐Dibromo‐8‐(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)quinoline.
Authors: Eleya Nadi , Mahal Ahmed , Hein Martin , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTreatment of the quinoline (I) with aryl boronic acids under appropriate conditions allows an efficient and site‐selective access to various arylated derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Isoquinolines via Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Approaches.
Authors: Todorovic Nick , Awuah Emelia , Albu Silvia , Ozimok Cory , Capretta Alfredo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed α‐ketone arylation of bromide (I) followed by a reductive amination is used for the preparation of β‐arylethylamines (IV), which are converted into desired isoquinolines (VI) by a microwave‐assisted Pictet—Spengler reaction and a subsequent dehydrogenation of intermediate tetrahydroisoquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Hetero)arylated Pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones via Negishi Reaction Involving Zincated Pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Verhelst Tom , Liu Zuming , Maes Jens , Maes Bert U. W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe a new approach affords various arylated pyridazinones such as (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Amino‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐thiazines via Primary Allylamines Afforded from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Bhowmik Subhendu , Mishra Amita , Batra Sanjay 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSubstituted 1,3‐thiazines are synthesized from primary allylamines (I) and (IV) obtained from Morita—Baylis—Hillman acetates and aryl isothiocyanate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A General Strategy for the Stereocontrolled Preparation of Diverse 8‐ and 9‐Membered Laurencia‐Type Bromoethers.
Authors: Snyder Scott A. , Treitler Daniel S. , Brucks Alexandria P. , Sattler Wesley 
Published: March 2012

Abstract2‐Alkenyl‐substituted tetrahydrofurans or a tetrahydropyran are smoothly transformed into bromoalkyl‐ or bromo‐substituted oxocanes or oxonanes by use of sulfonium antimonate BDSB as brominating reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Conversion of Chlorosilanes into Alkoxysilanes Without Generating HCl.
Authors: Wakabayashi Ryutaro , Sugiura Yasushi , Shibue Toshimichi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA simple protocol is developed for the BiCl3‐catalyzed reaction of chlorosilanes with unsymmetrical tert‐butyl and benzyl ethers to yield alkoxysilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyethylene Glycol in Water: A Simple and Environment Friendly Medium for C—P Bond Formation.
Authors: Rao Kunda Uma Maheswara , Jayaprakash Soora Harinath , Nayak Sandip Kumar , Reddy Cirandur Suresh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of α‐amino‐ and α‐hydroxyphosphonates by using PEG in water under catalyst free conditions is reported.
New Insights into Sulfur Deposition on Gold Using Dithiobisphthalimide as a New Precursor
Authors: Houmam Abdelaziz , Koczkur Kallum M. , Moula Golam , Hamed Emad M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDithiobisphthalimide is used as a new precursor for the spontaneous deposition of sulfur on gold surfaces in acetonitrile. Characterization of the modified surfaces is achieved using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemistry and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The reported results indicate that the sulfur deposition is an efficient and fast process and that high coverages can be reached very quickly. Sequential high‐resolution STM in air allows the direct observation, for the first time, of the mobility of the usually observed rectangular structures as individual units. It also shows the reversible association/dissociation of these rectangles. The nature of these structures is highly debated in the literature and the present work provides new insights into their nature through the use of a new sulfur precursor under non‐traditional conditions. To explain our results we consider these structures as simple sulfur adlayers on the gold surface.