bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A BODIPY‐Based Highly Selective Fluorescent Chemosensor for Hg2+ Ions and Its Application in Living Cell Imaging
Authors: Vedamalai Mani , Wu Shu‐Pao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative (FS1) containing two triazole units exhibits an enhanced fluorescence in the presence of Hg2+ ions and a high selectivity for Hg2+ ions over competing metal ions in methanol: Ag+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, K+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ produced only minor changes in the fluorescence of FS1. The apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of FS1–Hg2+ was found to be 62 μM. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy experiments showed that FS1 can be used as a fluorescent probe for detecting Hg2+ ions in living cells.
Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of TPPMn(III/II)‐Driven Liquid | Liquid | Electrode Triple Phase Boundary Anion Transfer into 4‐(3‐Phenylpropyl)‐Pyridine: ClO4−, CO3H−, Cl−, and F−
Authors: Collins Andrew M. , Blanchard Gary J. , Marken Frank 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe triple phase boundary transfer of anions from the aqueous into an organic phase can be driven electrochemically here with the tetraphenylporphyrinato‐Mn(III/II) (or TPPMn) redox system in 4‐(3‐phenylpropyl)‐pyridine) (or PPP). Anions investigated are perchlorate, chloride, fluoride, and bicarbonate. The bicarbonate and fluoride transfer processes are shown to be chemically more complex compared to the perchlorate and chloride cases with UV‐vis‐spectroelectrochemical measurements indicating a combination of HCO3−/CO32− transfer processes and association of fluoride with TPPMn(III)+, respectively. In situ spectroelectrochemistry is developed for ion‐transfer voltammetry into sub‐microliter organic phase regions on mesoporous ITO conducting film electrodes.
Plumbing in Prose Style: A Readability Test for Occupational Abstracts
Authors: Clarke James Mitchell 
Published: January 2012

How can occupational descriptions be made more readable? NOC, in common with occupational research workers throughout the country, has wondered. During the past summer two experiments have been undertaken. The abstract of available literature on plumbing, prepared by Charles A. and William L. Prosser and published in the March, 1935, issue of Occupations, was handed to two professional writers. James Mitchell Clarke was asked to substitute straight prose style for the encyclopedic organization of the material prescribed by NOC for the original abstract, and to add as much interest as possible without distorting facts or making the occupation appear more attractive than it really is. Alvin F. Harlow, co‐author of Schoolhouse in the Foothills, was asked to put the same material into biographical or narrative form with the same objective in view. Both authors were asked to keep the vocabulary within the range of junior high school students.The results are presented herewith for the benefit of readers who are interested in the presentation of occupational information, and who may wish to be guided in part by the results of NOC's experiment. Mr. Clarke has reported that rewriting in prose form is laborious but entirely feasible. Mr. Harlow reports finding it exceedingly difficult to combine instruction and narration in a publication of this length. NOC will be grateful for comments and criticisms from readers, indicating their reactions to the desirability of attempting similar rewriting of other occupational abstracts which have been prepared or are in course of preparation for NOC, a few of which have appeared in previous issues of this magazine.
The “HER2–PI3K/Akt–FASN Axis” Regulated Malignant Phenotype of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Nan , Bu Xiaodong , Wu Peng , Wu Pingping , Huang Peilin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that HER2 (ErbB2; Her‐2/neu) and the related PI3K/Akt signaling pathway substantially affect the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, fatty acid synthase (FASN), which mediates de‐novo fatty acid synthesis, is crucially important in the carcinogenesis process of a variety of cancers, including colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the malignant phenotype regulation of colorectal cancer cells via the “HER2–PI3K/Akt–FASN axis”. Caco‐2 cells with high expression of HER2 and FASN and high transfection efficiency were selected for functional characterization. The cells were transfected with either HER2‐specific RNAi plasmid or negative control RNAi plasmid, followed by Q‐RT‐PCR and western blot assays to examine expression of HER2, PI3K, Akt, and FASN. MTT and colony‐formation assays were used to assess proliferation. Migration was investigated by use of the transwell assay, and apoptosis and cell cycle were assayed by use of flow cytometry. Expression of HER2, PI3K, Akt, and FASN were downregulated when HER2 was silenced. Proliferation decreased after downregulation of HER2, which was consistent with increased apoptosis. Migration of HER2‐silenced cells was also impaired. Loss of HER2 inhibits the activity of the “HER2–PI3K/Akt–FASN axis” of Caco‐2 cells, and reduced activity of this axis alters the malignant behavior of Caco‐2 cells.
PASSion: a pattern growth algorithm-based pipeline for splice junction detection in paired-end RNA-Seq data
Authors: Zhang Yanju , Lameijer Eric-Wubbo , 't Hoen Peter A. C. , Ning Zemin , Slagboom P. Eline , Ye Kai 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Motivation: RNA-seq is a powerful technology for the study of transcriptome profiles that uses deep-sequencing technologies. Moreover, it may be used for cellular phenotyping and help establishing the etiology of diseases characterized by abnormal splicing patterns. In RNA-Seq, the exact nature of splicing events is buried in the reads that span exon–exon boundaries. The accurate and efficient mapping of these reads to the reference genome is a major challenge.
Results: We developed PASSion, a pattern growth algorithm-based pipeline for splice site detection in paired-end RNA-Seq reads. Comparing the performance of PASSion to three existing RNA-Seq analysis pipelines, TopHat, MapSplice and HMMSplicer, revealed that PASSion is competitive with these packages. Moreover, the performance of PASSion is not affected by read length and coverage. It performs better than the other three approaches when detecting junctions in highly abundant transcripts. PASSion has the ability to detect junctions that do not have known splicing motifs, which cannot be found by the other tools. Of the two public RNA-Seq datasets, PASSion predicted ∼ 137 000 and 173 000 splicing events, of which on average 82 are known junctions annotated in the Ensembl transcript database and 18% are novel. In addition, our package can discover differential and shared splicing patterns among multiple samples.
Availability: The code and utilities can be freely downloaded from https://trac.nbic.nl/passion and ftp://ftp.sanger.ac.uk/pub/zn1/passion
Contact: y.zhang@lumc.nl; k.ye@lumc.nl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
R&D Spillovers through Student Flows, Institutions, and Economic Growth: What can we Learn from African Countries?
Authors: Le Thanh 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUsing modern panel cointegration estimation techniques, this paper examines whether tertiary student flows can effectively transmit technological knowledge from industrialized countries to African countries. The results obtained lend strong support to this hypothesis. In addition, this paper extends the analysis to include institutional variables such as the ease of doing business, legal origins, and religious majority to see if institutional characteristics have any impact on the way knowledge diffusion affecting total factor productivity (TFP). However, it is not clear that institutional differences are important factors that influence the degree of R&D spillovers and, hence, the TFP of African countries.
Human capital formation, learning by doing and the government in the process of economic growth
Authors: Greiner Alfred 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe present an endogenous growth model with human capital and learning by doing. Human capital is not an input factor in the production process of final output but it affects the ability to build up knowledge capital as a by‐product of cumulated investment (learning by doing). Human capital is formed in the schooling sector that is financed by the government. The government may run into debt but obeys the inter‐temporal budget constraint. The article analyzes the structure of the model and studies the effects of different budgetary policies as regards the balanced growth rate, transition dynamics and with respect to welfare.
Correlation between genetic polymorphisms and stroke recovery: Analysis of the GAIN Americas and GAIN International Studies
Authors: Cramer S. C. , Procaccio V. ,   for the GAIN Americas and GAIN International Study Investigators
Published: January 2012

Background and purpose:  Recovery after stroke occurs on the basis of specific molecular events. Genetic polymorphisms associated with impaired neural repair or plasticity might reduce recovery from stroke and might also account for some of the intersubject variability in stroke recovery. This study hypothesized that the ApoE ε4 polymorphism and the val66met polymorphism for brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are each associated with poorer outcome after stroke. Associations with mitochondrial genotype were also explored.Methods:  Genotypes were determined in 255 stroke patients who also received behavioral evaluations in the Glycine Antagonist In Neuroprotection (GAIN) clinical trials. The primary outcome measure was recovery during the first month post‐stroke, as this is the time when neural repair is at a maximum and so when genetic influences might have their largest impact. Two secondary outcome measures at 3 months post‐stroke were also examined.Results:  Genotype groups were similar acutely post‐stroke. Presence of the ApoE ε4 polymorphism was associated with significantly poorer recovery over the first month post‐stroke (P = 0.023) and with a lower proportion of subjects with minimal or no disability (modified Rankin score 0–1, P = 0.01) at 3 months post‐stroke. Indeed, those with this polymorphism were approximately half as likely to achieve minimal or no disability (18.2%) versus those with polymorphism absent (35.5%). Findings were confirmed in multivariate models. Results suggested possible effects from the val66met BDNF polymorphism and from the R0 mitochondrial DNA haplotype.Conclusions:  Genetic factors, particularly the ApoE ε4 polymorphism, might contribute to variability in outcomes after stroke.
Clinicohematologic analysis of pancytopenia: Study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kumar Deepak B. , Raghupathi A. R. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and aim: A study was carried out to analyze the presentation, to identify the causes and to find out the bone marrow morphology in cases of pancytopenia. Pancytopenia was an indication for bone marrow examination in 48 out of a total of 100 cases (48%) for which a bone marrow examination was requested. Methods: The data regarding the various signs and symptoms, the causes and the bone marrow findings were obtained and analyzed using simple statistical methods. All age groups were included for the study. Results: Generalized weakness (70.83%) was the commonest symptom and pallor (45.83%) was the predominant sign. Anisocytosis (79.1%) was the most important peripheral blood finding in pancytopenic patients followed by microcytosis (52.08%). The commonest cause of pancytopenia in the present study was hypoplastic marrow (33.33%), followed by normoblastic erythroid hyperplasia (27.08%), megaloblastic marrow (18.75%), and myelodysplastic syndrome (8.33%). Normal bone marrow and dry tap accounted for three cases each (6.25%). Of the various cases of myelodysplastic syndrome, one was refractory anemia; two were refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia and one myelodysplastic syndrome unclassified. Dry tap was seen in three cases of pancytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy was done in one, which showed features of myelofibrosis. Conclusions: A thorough evaluation of the pancytopenic patients is necessary as it has varied causes.
Frasier syndrome diagnosed in a 4-year-old girl
Authors: Miloševic Biljana , Bogdanović Radovan , Kostić Mirjana , Stojanović Vesna 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe authors present the case of a girl with Frasier syndrome that was diagnosed at the age of 4 years. At 3.5 years, she was diagnosed a steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The girl presented with female phenotype and male genotype (46XY) as well with gonadal dysgenesis. Genetic analysis confirmed the +2T>C mutation in the intron 9 of the WT1 gene. She developed end-stage renal disease at 14 years, culminating in renal transplantation. The liver biopsy revealed a post-transplantation lymph-proliferative disease.
Mechanism of Gas Permeation in Processed HNBR/Nanoclay Composites
Authors: Cadambi Rahul M. , Ghassemieh Elaheh 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe influence of the layered silicate clay platelets on the nitrogen permeation properties of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR)/nanoclay nanocomposites has been investigated. Nanocomposites of HNBR modified with different percentages of the organoclay are processed through various routes. Commercially available organoclay (CLOISITE 15A) and various silane‐coupling agents are used to improve the dispersion of the nanoclay in HNBR. A total of 10 different formulations of nanocomposites are manufactured. The addition of the organoclay has resulted in a significant enhancement of the nitrogen barrier properties of the manufactured nanocomposite. The mechanism of the reduction in the permeability is explained through the changes in the morphology and its bond to the filler. These changes are confirmed through examination of the morphology using x‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. There has been a drastic reduction up to 55.7% in nitrogen permeability. The reduction in gas permeation in HNBR is attributed to uniformly exfoliated clay platelets. Finally, three different permeability models, namely, the Nielsen model, modified Nielsen model, and Cussler model, have also been considered to predict the permeability behavior of nanocomposites with different volume filler fractions. The experimental values of gas permeability have been compared with theoretical models. It is observed that the modified Nielsen model closely matches with the measured permeation behavior. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E103–E118, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20275
Surfactant chain length effects on nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Liu Yutao , Feng Si‐Shen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFolic acid‐conjugated nanoparticles (NPs) of biodegradable polymer poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), which were emulsified by long‐chain D‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (vitamin E TPGS or simply TPGS) for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, are prepared. The NPs were characterized for their size and size distribution, surface morphology, surface charge, drug encapsulation efficiency, and surface chemistry. The cellular uptake and the cytotoxicity of the drug‐loaded PLGA NPs were assessed in vitro with MCF7 breast cancer cells in close comparison with the corresponding Short‐chain TPGS (TPGS2k)‐coated PLGA NPs and the original drug. The long‐chain TPGS 2000 (TPGS2k)‐emulsified PLGA NPs showed great advantages over the short‐chain TPGS 1000 (TPGS1k)‐emulsified and the nude PLGA NPs. The folic acid‐conjugated TPGS2k‐emulsified PLGA NPs showed significant advantages in cellular uptake and therapeutic effects in vitro. The IC50 value showed 90.4% less than that of the original drug. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Reaction mechanism and kinetics for the catalytic coupling reaction from carbon monoxide to diethyl oxalate
Authors: Zhu Ya‐Ping , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTA comprehensive reaction mechanism was proposed for the gas‐phase catalytic coupling reaction from carbon monoxide to diethyl oxalate over supported metal catalyst Pd‐Zr/Al2O3 at atmospheric pressure. Based on the reaction mechanism, two assumptions of rate‐controlling step, namely the adsorption of carbon monoxide and the surface reaction between adsorbed species over the catalyst were investigated. Two simplified hyperbola‐like kinetic models corresponding to the respective rate‐controlling steps were derived accordingly, and the kinetic parameters were determined by fitting the experimental data. The statistic test and the comparison between experimental and simulated data showed that the kinetic model with rate controlled by surface reaction outperformed the one controlled by adsorption. Finally, the optimization of principal operating conditions was applied to the appropriate kinetic model. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of lanthanide complexes with a new tripodal ligand featuring N‐thenylsalicylamide arms
Authors: Song Xue‐Qin , Zheng Qing‐Fang , Wang Li , Liu Wei‐Sheng 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTTo explore the relationship between the structure of the ligands and the luminescent properties of the lanthanide complexes, luminescent lanthanide complexes of a new tripodal ligand, featuring N‐thenylsalicylamide arms, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and TGA measurements. Photophysical properties of the complexes were studied by means of UV − visible absorption and steady‐state luminescence spectroscopy. The results of UV − vis spectra indicate that metal binding does not disturb the electronic structure of the ligand. Excited‐state luminescence lifetimes and quantum yields of the complexes were determined. The photoluminescence analysis suggested that there is an efficient ligand − Ln(III) energy transfer for the Tb(III) complex, and the ligand is an efficient 'antenna' for Tb(III). From a more general perspective, the results demonstrated the potential application of the lanthanide complex as luminescent materials in material chemistry. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oriented and selective enzyme immobilization on functionalized silica carrier using the cationic binding module Zbasic2: Design of a heterogeneous D‐amino acid oxidase catalyst on porous glass
Authors: Bolivar Juan M. , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: January 2012

AbstractD‐Amino acid oxidase from Trigonopsis variabilis (TvDAO) is applied in industry for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates. Because free TvDAO is extremely sensitive to exposure to gas–liquid interfaces, biocatalytic processing is usually performed with enzyme immobilizates that offer enhanced stability under bubble aeration. We herein present an “Immobilization by Design” approach that exploits engineered charge complementarity between enzyme and carrier to optimize key features of the immobilization of TvDAO. A fusion protein between TvDAO and the positively charged module Zbasic2 was generated, and a corresponding oppositely charged carrier was obtained by derivatization of mesoporous glass with 3‐(trihydroxysilyl)‐1‐propane‐sulfonic acid. Using 250 mM NaCl for charge screening at pH 7.0, the Zbasic2 fusion of TvDAO was immobilized directly from E. coli cell extract with almost absolute selectivity and full retention of catalytic effectiveness of the isolated enzyme in solution. Attachment of the homodimeric enzyme to the carrier was quasi‐permanent in low‐salt buffer but fully reversible upon elution with 5 M NaCl. Immobilized TvDAO was not sensitive to bubble aeration and received substantial (≥tenfold) stabilization of the activity at 45°C as compared to free enzyme, suggesting immobilization via multisubunit oriented interaction of enzyme with the insoluble carrier. The Zbasic2 enzyme immobilizate was demonstrated to serve as re‐usable heterogeneous catalyst for D‐amino acid oxidation. Zbasic2‐mediated binding on a sulfonic acid group‐containing glass carrier constitutes a generally useful strategy of enzyme immobilization that supports transition from case‐specific empirical development to rational design. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1490–1498. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A model for rural trauma care
Authors: McSwain N , Rotondo M , Meade P , Duchesne J 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States and many other countries, there has been limited attempt to develop a trauma system that addresses the unique trauma situations that occur in rural areas. Rather the planners have attempted to simply extend the urban based trauma system into rural communities. This extension does not address the needs of the majority of patients who are injured in rural communities.MethodsA review of the types of patients seen in the rural communities, the volume of these patients and the destination protocols used in the rural communities as taught by the ACS/ATLS and the implications of the CDC Guidelines for Field Triage of Injured Patients Recommendations of the National Expert Panel on Field Triage were reviewed, assessed and compared to the needs in the rural areas for a rural trauma system. In addition, a quality assessment tool was used from a major trauma centre whereby the frequency of patients transported to the centre that were inappropriate for the trauma centre was indicated by the volume that were discharged in 6 h.ResultsMost of the patients injured in the rural communities can be treated in the critical access and rural hospital (&gt; 90 per cent) and can be provided with good care without the need for emergency medical service (EMS) transportation long distances to the trauma centre, inappropriate use of air EMS vehicles thus circumventing families having to travel long distances to see patients, incurring expense and inconvenience, and avoiding loss of revenue to the local hospitals and the overload of urban trauma centres. Rather triage criteria can be taught as per the EMS systems, training given to rural hospital personnel, hospital administrators instructed as to the benefit of such a system, citizens educated as to the advantage of keeping their loved ones closer to home and trauma system registries used to enhance the correct use of the trauma system.ConclusionOnly 5–10 per cent of trauma injuries require the resources of a trauma centre. Proper triage and medical provider education can be used for the benefit of the patient, the EMS system, the rural and urban hospital, and proper quality assurance to assure that the ‘right patient is treated at the right hospital at the right time’, for the benefit of the patient.