bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug impurity profiling by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry using various ionization techniques
Authors: Hommerson Paul , Khan Amjad M. , Bristow Tony , Harrison Mark W. , de Jong Gerhardus J. , Somsen Govert W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS) is predominantly carried out using electrospray ionization (ESI). Recently, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) have become available for CE/MS. With the VUV lamp turned off, the APPI source may also be used for CE/MS by thermospray ionization (TSI). In the present study the suitability of ESI, APCI, APPI and TSI for drug impurity profiling by CE/MS in the positive ion mode is evaluated. The drugs carbachol, lidocaine and proguanil and their potential impurities were used as test compounds, representing different molecular polarities. A background electrolyte of 100 mM acetic acid (pH 4.5) provided baseline separation of nearly all impurities from the respective drugs. APPI yielded both even‐ and odd‐electron ions, whereas the other ionization techniques produced even‐electron ions only. In‐source fragmentation was more pronounced with APCI and APPI than with ESI and TSI, which was most obvious for proguanil and its impurities. In general, ESI and TSI appeared the most efficient ionization techniques for impurities that are charged in solution achieving detection limits of 100 ng/mL (full‐scan mode). APPI and APCI showed a lower efficiency, but allowed ionization of low and high polarity analytes, although quaternary ammonium compounds (e.g. carbachol) could not be detected. Largely neutral compounds, such as the lidocaine impurity 2,6‐dimethylaniline, could not be detected by TSI, and yielded similar detection limits (500 ng/mL) for ESI, APPI and APCI. In many cases, impurity detection at the 0.1% (w/w) level was possible when 1 mg/mL of parent drug was injected with at least one of the CE/MS systems. Overall, the tested CE/MS systems provide complementary information as illustrated by the detection and identification of an unknown impurity in carbachol. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ergonomic evaluation of 3D plane positioning using a mouse and a haptic device
Authors: Paul Laurent , Cartiaux Olivier , Docquier Pierre‐Louis , Banse Xavier 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative planning and intraoperative assistance are needed to improve accuracy in tumour surgery. To be accepted, these processes must be efficient. An experiment was conducted to compare a mouse and a haptic device, with and without force feedback, to perform plan positioning in a 3D space. Ergonomics and performance factors were investigated during the experiment. Positioning strategies were observed.MethodsThe task completion time, number of 3D orientations and failure rate were analysed. A questionnaire on ergonomics was filled out by each participant.ResultsThe haptic device showed a significantly lower failure rate and was quicker and more ergonomic than the mouse. The force feedback was not beneficial to the accomplishment of the task.ConclusionsThe haptic device is intuitive, ergonomic and more efficient than the mouse for positioning a 3D plane into a 3D space. Useful observations regarding positioning strategies will improve the integration of haptic devices into medical applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
St.‐Lorenz‐Brücke in Lübeck – Flacher Bogen mit besonderem Montageablauf
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Hendrych Jörg , Schleicher Wolfram 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn Verbindung mit der Elektrifizierung und dem zweigleisigen Ausbau der Bahnstrecke Hamburg–Lübeck‐Travemünde wurde die St.‐Lorenz‐Brücke in Lübeck durch einen neuen Brückenzug ersetzt. Wesentlicher Bestandteil ist eine sehr flach entworfene Stabbogenbrücke, die das Gleisbett in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Lübecker Hauptbahnhof überspannt. Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Planung und Ausführung des Brückenzuges beschrieben und auf Besonderheiten der Tragwerksplanung und Montage der Stabbogenbrücke eingegangen (vgl. [1]).St.‐Lorenz‐bridge in Lübeck, Germany – Low arch with a special erection process.Due to the electrification and the two‐track extension of the railway line Hamburg – Lübeck‐Travemünde the St.‐Lorenz‐bridge was replaced by a new multi‐span‐bridge. Significant component is a very low bowstring bridge, which spans over the railway line near main station Lübeck. In the following article design and execution of the bridge structures are described as well as special features of structural design and erection of the bowstring bridge (comp. [1]).
Vorschlag zur Verformungsberechnung von WIB‐Brücken
Authors: Iliopoulos Aristidis 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWalzträger in Beton (WIB) stellen für einfeldrige Eisenbahnbrücken mit bis zu 25 m Spannweite eine attraktive Lösung dar. Das Verformungsverhalten derartiger Bauwerke wird durch die Rissbildung des Betons wesentlich beeinflusst, was daher rechnerisch realitätsnah erfasst werden muss. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Näherungsverfahren vorgeschlagen, welches für die Verformungsberechnung einbetonierter Stahlquerschnitte unter Gebrauchslasten geeignet ist.A proposal for the calculation of deformations in concrete – encased steel beams.Concrete‐encased steel beams are attractive solutions for railroad bridges with spans up to 25 meters. By this type of constructions the cracking of concrete is of great importance. In this article a calculation procedure is suggested, which is appropriate for evaluating deformations of steel‐profiles integrated in concrete under service conditions.
Höherfrequente Hämmerverfahren – Ursachen der Steigerung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit und Nachweismodell
Authors: Weich Imke 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDer Einsatz von Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsverfahren zur Optimierung wechselnd beanspruchter Stahlkonstruktionen in Hinblick auf deren Lebensdauerverlängerung oder eine Reduzierung des Konstruktionsgewichts wurde in den letzten Jahren verstärkt untersucht. Dabei erwiesen sich höherfrequente Hämmermethoden als besonders wirkungsvoll zur Steigerung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt die Potentiale der Verfahren auf und belegt deren Einfluss auf das Rissinitiierungs‐ und Rissfortschrittsverhalten von Schweißnähten. Anhand eines entwickelten Bemessungsmodells wird eine Möglichkeit der rechnerischen Erfassung der positiven Wirksamkeit der Verfahren dargelegt.Reasons and calculation of the improved fatigue life of welds treated with high frequency peening methods.The application of post weld treatment methods in order to optimize fatigue loaded steel structures in view of an extension of their service life or a reduction of the construction weight has been studied intensively in the last years. High frequency peening methods proved to be extreme effectively in order to increase the fatigue strength. The following article shows the potentials of the methods and proves their influence on the crack initiation and crack propagation behaviour of welds. With help of a developed design procedure the possibility of respecting the positive effect on the fatigue strength during the design is provided.
Which ultrasound or biochemical markers are independent predictors of small‐for‐gestational age?
Authors: Law L. W. , Leung T. Y. , Sahota D. S. , Chan L. W. , Fung T. Y. , Lau T. K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate which ultrasound or biochemical markers in both the first and the second trimesters are the best predictors for fetal growth and small‐for‐gestational age (SGA).MethodsThis was a prospective study of 619 Chinese women with a singleton pregnancy. At 11 to 13 + 6 weeks, fetal crown–rump length (CRL), placental volume (PlaV), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI), and the maternal serum levels of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) were measured. Fetal biparietal diameter, femur length, abdominal and head circumference, PlaV and UtA‐PI were then measured at 18–22 weeks. All markers were transformed to gestational age‐specific Z‐scores or multiples of the median (MoM). Birth weights were also transformed to Z‐scores using the individualized gestational age‐related optimal weight based on a locally derived nomogram. The relationship between all markers and the customized birth weight were examined, and their predictive powers for SGA were examined by regression analysis.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that all markers except free β‐hCG correlated with birth weight Z‐score. After multiple linear regression analysis, only PlaV, UtA‐PI and CRL in the first trimester, and PlaV and UtA‐PI in the second trimester, stood out as independent markers. Logistic regression analysis showed that PlaV was the only independent first‐trimester predictor of SGA, and in the second trimester both PlaV and UtA‐PI were independent predictors. The sensitivity of these first‐ and second‐trimester markers in predicting SGA were 41% and 45%, respectively, at a false‐positive rate of 20%. Combining them did not significantly improve prediction of SGA.ConclusionsAmong the various known ultrasound and biochemical markers, only the first‐trimester PlaV and the second‐trimester PlaV plus UtA‐PI are independent predictors for SGA. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of models that predict Cesarean section after induction of labor
Authors: Verhoeven C. J. M. , Oudenaarden A. , Hermus M. A. A. , Porath M. M. , Oei S. G. , Mol B. W. J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveModels for the prediction of Cesarean delivery after induction of labor can be used to improve clinical decision‐making. The objective of this study was to validate two existing models, published by Peregrine et al. and Rane et al., for the prediction of Cesarean section after induction of labor.MethodsWe studied consecutive women in whom labor was induced. In all women, we recorded maternal age, height, body mass index, parity, gestational age and the Bishop score prior to induction. Cervical length was measured by transvaginal ultrasound immediately prior to induction of labor. The primary end‐point was delivery by Cesarean section. The calibration of the two prediction models was assessed by comparison of predicted and observed Cesarean delivery rates. The discriminative capacity of the models, i.e. the ability of the models to distinguish subjects who had Cesarean section from those who did not (discrimination), was assessed by receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.ResultsWe included 240 women in the study, of whom 27 (11%) had Cesarean delivery. The capacity of cervical length in the prediction of Cesarean delivery was limited. In our study population, both prediction models overestimated the risk of Cesarean delivery. Calibration was better for the Peregrine et al. model than for the Rane et al. model, and the two models had areas under the ROC curve of 0.76 and 0.67, respectively.ConclusionCurrent models that predict the occurrence of Cesarean section after induction of labor have only a moderate predictive capacity when applied within a Dutch practice. We do not recommend the use of these prediction models in clinical practice. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are ultrasonographic myoma characteristics associated with blood loss at delivery?
Authors: Andreani M. , Vergani P. , Ghidini A. , Locatelli A. , Ornaghi S. , Pezzullo J. C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe presence of myomas in pregnancy is associated with greater blood loss at delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the sonographic characteristics of myomas can predict blood loss at delivery in women with large myomas.MethodsAmong women who underwent second‐trimester ultrasound screening at our department between January 1996 and December 2004, 251 had at least one myoma with a mean diameter ≥ 5 cm. Number of myomas (single vs. multiple), maximum diameter of the largest myoma, sum of the maximum diameter of each myoma, change in size of myomas between first and last scan, and location in relation to the placenta and to the presenting part of the fetus (above or below) were analyzed in relation to blood loss at delivery and severe postpartum hemorrhage (≥ 1000 mL).ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that the presence of multiple myomas was the only parameter independently associated with amount of blood loss at delivery (P = 0.003). The association between the presence of multiple myomas and severe postpartum hemorrhage was of borderline significance for the statistical power of this study (P = 0.08).ConclusionsIn women with large myomas, the presence of multiple tumors is independently associated with heavier blood loss at delivery but not with postpartum hemorrhage of ≥ 1000 mL. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser-Induced, Polarization Dependent Shape Transformation of Au/Ag Nanoparticles in Glass
Authors: Seifert G , Stalmashonak A , Hofmeister H , Haug J , Dubiel M 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Bimetallic, initially spherical Ag/Au nanoparticles in glass prepared by ion implantation have been irradiated with intense femtosecond laser pulses at intensities still below the damage threshold of the material surface. This high-intensity laser processing produces dichroism in the irradiated region, which can be assigned to the observed anisotropic nanoparticle shapes with preferential orientation of the longer particle axis along the direction of laser polarization. In addition, the particle sizes have considerably been increased upon processing.
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Long-term follow-up from birth until skeletal maturity
Authors: Fassier Alice , Wicart Philippe , Dubousset Jean , Seringe Raphaël 
Published: August 2009

Purpose The aim of this retrospective long-term study was to review and present the effects of treatment for 11 children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital, or amyoplasia, followed from birth until skeletal maturity. Methods We evaluated walking ability, age of beginning to walk, required ambulatory devices, age of independent walking and muscle strength. Results Our series showed babies with severe limb involvements without spine abnormalities. Despite the initial severity of involvement, nine patients finally became ambulators with flexion contracture of less than 20° on hips and 15° on knees, and six were independent walkers before the age of 2.5 years. The two non-ambulators presented severe scoliosis at skeletal maturity, which needed spinal fusion. Conclusion We conclude that long-term ambulatory status at skeletal maturity is not correlated with the severity of condition at birth. A prognosis for ambulation at skeletal maturity will be done before 2.5 years of age. We believe that early aggressive management of children with severe arthrogryposis is warranted and justified.
Fertility preferences, condom use, and concerns among HIV‐positive women in serodiscordant relationships in the era of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Ezeanochie Michael , Olagbuji Biodun , Ande Adedapo , Oboro Victor 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess preferences and concerns about infecting partner or child among HIV‐positive women undergoing antiretroviral therapy and whose partners are HIV‐negative.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study conducted in Nigeria, 55 HIV‐positive women undergoing antiretroviral therapy and married to seronegative men answered an anonymous questionnaire regarding whether they preferred to conceive naturally or by means of an assisted reproductive technique (ART).ResultsCompared with older women (mean age 33.6 ± 5.1 years), younger women (mean age, 29.8 ± 3.9 years) were significantly more likely to choose natural conception than ART (P = 0.02). Moreover, whereas 23 respondents (48.9%) reported consistent condom use, 11 (23.4%) reported never using condoms after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. There was a significant difference in the consistent use of condoms between those who preferred natural conception and those who preferred ART (56.8% vs 20%, P = 0.049).ConclusionWith improving immunologic and clinical status once antiretroviral therapy is initiated, HIV‐positive women wishing to become pregnant may engage in risky sexual practices. This trend needs to be addressed because of its consequences for public health.
CENTRAL INTERPOLATION SETS FOR COMPACT GROUPS AND HYPERGROUPS
Authors: GROW DAVID , HARE KATHRYN E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe prove that every infinite subset of the dual of a compact, connected group contains an infinite, central, weightedI0set. This yields a new proof of the fact that the duals of such groups admit infinite centralp-Sidon sets for eachp> 1. We also establish the existence of infinite, weightedI0sets in the duals of many compact, abelian hypergroups.
THE GENERALISED LIÉNARD EQUATIONS
Authors: AGHAJANI A. , MORADIFAM A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present sufficient conditions for all trajectories of the system

to cross the vertical isocline h(y) = F(x), which is very important in the global asymptotic stability of the origin, oscillation theory and existence of periodic solutions. Also we give sufficient conditions for all trajectories which start at a point on the curve h(y) = F(x), to cross the y-axis which is closely connected with the existence of homoclinic orbits, stability of the zero solution, oscillation theory and the centre problem. The obtained results extend and improve some of the authors' previous results and some other theorems in the literature.
THE BEST SOBOLEV TRACE CONSTANT IN PERIODIC MEDIA FOR CRITICAL AND SUBCRITICAL EXPONENTS
Authors: BONDER JULIÁN FERNÁNDEZ , ORIVE RAFAEL , ROSSI JULIO D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper we study homogenisation problems for Sobolev trace embedding H1(Ω) ↪ Lq(∂Ω) in a bounded smooth domain. When q = 2 this leads to a Steklov-like eigenvalue problem. We deal with the best constant of the Sobolev trace embedding in rapidly oscillating periodic media, and we consider H1 and Lq spaces with weights that are periodic in space. We find that extremals for these embeddings converge to a solution of a homogenised limit problem, and the best trace constant converges to a homogenised best trace constant. Our results are in fact more general; we can also consider general operators of the form aɛ(x, ∇u) with non-linear Neumann boundary conditions. In particular, we can deal with the embedding W1,p(Ω) ↪ Lq(∂Ω).
LEFT ℓ1-FACTORABLE POLYNOMIALS
Authors: CILIA RAFFAELLA , GUTIÉRREZ JOAQUÍN M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA polynomial P ∈ (kE, F) is left ℓ1-factorable if there are a polynomial Q ∈ (kE, ℓ1) and an operator L ∈ (ℓ1, F) such that P = L ○ Q. We characterise the Radon–Nikodým property by the left ℓ1-factorisation of polynomials on L1(μ). We study the left ℓ1-factorisation of nuclear, compact and Pietsch integral polynomials. For Pietsch integral polynomials, we introduce the left integral ℓ1-factorisation property, obtaining a second polynomial characterisation of the Radon–Nikodým property and showing that it plays a role somehow comparable, in this setting, to nuclearity of operators. A characterisation of 1-spaces is also given in terms of the left compact ℓ1-factorisation of polynomials.
THE EXPONENTIAL DIOPHANTINE EQUATION nx + (n + 1)y = (n + 2)z REVISITED
Authors: HE BO , TOGBÉ ALAIN 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLet n be a positive integer. In this paper, we consider the diophantine equation

We prove that this equation has only the positive integer solutions (n, x, y, z) = (1, t, 1, 1), (1, t, 3, 2), (3, 2, 2, 2). Therefore we extend the work done by Leszczyński (Wiadom. Mat., vol. 3, 1959, pp. 37–39) and Makowski (Wiadom. Mat., vol. 9, 1967, pp. 221–224).
ON SUBMANIFOLDS WITH TAMED SECOND FUNDAMENTAL FORM
Authors: BESSA G. PACELLI , COSTA M. SILVANA 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBased on the ideas of Bessa, Jorge and Montenegro (Comm. Anal. Geom., vol. 15, no. 4, 2007, pp. 725–732) we show that a complete submanifold M with tamed second fundamental form in a complete Riemannian manifold N with sectional curvature KN ≤ κ ≤ 0 is proper (compact if N is compact). In addition, if N is Hadamard, then M has finite topology. We also show that the fundamental tone is an obstruction for a Riemannian manifold to be realised as submanifold with tamed second fundamental form of a Hadamard manifold with sectional curvature bounded below.
RATLIFF–RUSH CLOSURE OF IDEALS IN INTEGRAL DOMAINS
Authors: MIMOUNI A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper studies the Ratliff–Rush closure of ideals in integral domains. By definition, the Ratliff–Rush closure of an ideal I of a domain R is the ideal given by Ĩ := ∪(In+1 :R In), and an ideal I is said to be a Ratliff–Rush ideal if Ĩ = I. We completely characterise integrally closed domains in which every ideal is a Ratliff–Rush ideal, and we give a complete description of the Ratliff–Rush closure of an ideal in a valuation domain.
MC2 RINGS AND WQD RINGS
Authors: WEI JUNCHAO , LI LIBIN 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe introduce in this paper the concepts of rings characterized by minimal one-sided ideals and concern ourselves with rings containing an injective maximal left ideal. Some known results for idempotent reflexive rings and left HI rings can be extended to left MC2 rings. As applications, we are able to give some new characterizations of regular left self-injective rings with non-zero socle and extend some known results for strongly regular rings.
ON THE WARING–GOLDBACH PROBLEM FOR CUBES
Authors: BRÜDERN JÖRG , KAWADA KOICHI 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe prove that almost all natural numbers satisfying certain necessary congruence conditions can be written as the sum of two cubes of primes and two cubes of P2-numbers, where, as usual, we call a natural number a P2-number when it is a prime or the product of two primes. From this result we also deduce that every sufficiently large integer can be written as the sum of eight cubes of P2-numbers.
Photo-grammetric measurements of swimming speed and body length of basking sharks observed around the Hebrides, Scotland
Authors: Lacey Claire , Leaper Russell , Moscrop Anna , Gillespie Douglas , McLanaghan Richard , Brown Steve 
Published: August 2009

Photo-grammetric techniques developed for measuring body length and small scale movement patterns of cetaceans were applied to surface swimming basking sharks off the west coast of Scotland. These methods removed the need for close approaches, reducing the likelihood of disturbing the focal animal. Average swimming speed was calculated from the total path length between shark locations measured at approximately one minute intervals. These average speeds varied from 0.49 to 0.73 ms−1 for tracks of between 30 and 170 minutes' duration. Body length measurements ranged between 2.35 and 6.43 m. For ten sharks where body length and swimming speed were measured there was a significant correlation between body length (L) and swimming speed (V) expressed as V = 0.36L033.