bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Catalytic’ doses of fructose may benefit glycaemic control without harming cardiometabolic risk factors: a small meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials
Authors: Sievenpiper John L. , Chiavaroli Laura , de Souza Russell J. , Mirrahimi Arash , Cozma Adrian I. , Ha Vanessa , Wang D. David , Yu Matthew E. , Carleton Amanda J. , Beyene Joseph , Di Buono Marco , Jenkins Alexandra L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , Wolever Thomas M. S. , Kendall Cyril W. C. , Jenkins David J. A. 
Published: February 2012

Contrary to concerns that fructose may have adverse metabolic effects, there is evidence that small, ‘catalytic’ doses ( ≤ 10 g/meal) of fructose decrease the glycaemic response to high-glycaemic index meals in human subjects. To assess the longer-term effects of ‘catalytic’ doses of fructose, we undertook a meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. Analyses included all controlled feeding trials ≥ 7 d featuring ‘catalytic’ fructose doses ( ≤ 36 g/d) in isoenergetic exchange for other carbohydrates. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method using random-effects models and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95 % CI. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Q statistic and quantified by I2. The Heyland Methodological Quality Score assessed study quality. A total of six feeding trials (n 118) met the eligibility criteria. ‘Catalytic’ doses of fructose significantly reduced HbA1c (MD − 0·40, 95 % CI − 0·72, − 0·08) and fasting glucose (MD − 0·25, 95 % CI − 0·44, − 0·07). This benefit was seen in the absence of adverse effects on fasting insulin, body weight, TAG or uric acid. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed evidence of effect modification under certain conditions. The small number of trials and their relatively short duration limit the strength of the conclusions. In conclusion, this small meta-analysis shows that ‘catalytic’ fructose doses ( ≤ 36 g/d) may improve glycaemic control without adverse effects on body weight, TAG, insulin and uric acid. There is a need for larger, longer ( ≥ 6 months) trials using ‘catalytic’ fructose to confirm these results.
Implementing a minimal intervention for chronic fatigue syndrome in a mental health centre: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tummers M. , Knoop H. , van Dam A. , Bleijenberg G. 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an effective but intensive treatment, requiring trained therapists. A minimal intervention based on CBT for CFS, guided self-instruction, was shown to be an effective treatment when delivered in a tertiary treatment centre. Implementing this intervention in a community-based mental health centre (MHC) will increase the treatment capacity for CFS patients. This study evaluated the effectiveness of guided self-instruction for CFS implemented in an MHC, delivered by nurses.MethodOne hundred and twenty-three patients were randomly assigned to either guided self-instruction (n=62) or a waiting list (n=61). Randomization was computer generated, with allocation by numbered sealed envelopes. Group allocation was open to all those involved. Patients fulfilled US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for CFS. Primary outcome variables were fatigue severity and physical and social functioning, measured with the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) and the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36) respectively.ResultsAfter 6 months, patients who followed guided self-instruction reported a significantly larger decrease in fatigue compared to the waiting list [mean difference –8.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.8 to −12.4, controlled effect size 0.70]. There was no significant difference in physical and social functioning. However, post-hoc analyses showed a significant decrease in fatigue and physical disabilities following the intervention in a subgroup of patients with physical disabilities at baseline (SF-36 physical functioning ⩽70).ConclusionsImplementation of guided self-instruction in a community-based MHC was partially successful. The minimal intervention can be effectively implemented for CFS patients with physical impairments.
A Community-Engaged Art Program for Older People: Fostering Social Inclusion
Authors: Moody Elaine , Phinney Alison 
Published: February 2012

RÉSUMÉL’inclusion sociale est un facteur important pour promouvoir la santé optimale et le bien-être des personnes âgées. Les arts communautaires engagés (ACE) ont été promus comme moyen de soutenir l’inclusion sociale des personnes âgées, mais peu de preuves empiriques ont été rapportées. Le but de cette étude était d’explorer le rôle d’un programme de l’ACE dans la promotion de l’inclusion sociale des personnes âgées résidant dans la communauté. Seize heures d’observation des participants, neuf entretiens et des analyses de documents ont été menées auprès de 20 aînés au programme Arts, Santé et Aînés (ASA) Projet de Vancouver. Les résultats ont indiqué que le programme a soutenu la capacité des personnes âgées à développer des relations dans la communauté par de nouveaux moyens en les aidant à nouer des liens au-delà du centre pour personnes âgées. Les participants ont également développé un sentiment plus fort d’appartenance à la communauté grâce à la collaboration en tant que groupe, travaillant ensemble sur le projet artistique pour produire une présentation finale à l’ensemble de la communauté. Les résultats suggèrent que l’ACE contribue à l’inclusion sociale des personnes âgées.
A model of multi-disciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of young patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale
Authors: Mazzucco Sara , Bovi Paolo , Carletti Monica , Tomelleri Giampaolo , Golia Giorgio , Stegagno Chiara , Variola Andrea , Anselmi Maurizio , Nicolis Daniele , Olivato Silvia , Anzola Gian Paolo , Ribichini Flavio ,   the VEROSTROKE Study Group
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of patent foramen ovale in young patients with stroke is not supported by robust scientific evidence. In clinical practice, a pragmatic approach is needed to guide such therapeutic decisions. This study aims at standardising the diagnostic pathway for stroke patients younger than 55 years of age with a patent foramen ovale; elaborating a therapeutic algorithm; discussing every case in regular interdisciplinary counselling meeting; and setting up a follow-up schedule to assess clinical outcomes.MethodsThis is a cohort study on the effect of a standardised treatment of stroke patients with a patent foramen ovale. The primary endpoints include occurrence of recurrent ischaemic events, major bleeding, and device-related complications. The secondary endpoints include drug- or procedure-related side effects, persistence of right-to-left shunt, and persistent cardiac arrhythmia of new onset.ResultsA total of 103 patients have been enrolled. In all, 51 patients underwent percutaneous atrial septal repair; of these, one had minor post-procedural bleeding. At 12 months, 25% of this group of patients showed a latent I grade shunt, one patient a latent II degree shunt, and none had a persistent shunt. The remaining 52 patients were addressed to medical therapy; one of them experienced stroke recurrences while on medical therapy.ConclusionsThis model of implementation of available evidence to clinical practice via a group-based, multi-disciplinary counselling provides a shared and coherent decision pathway and yielded a very low rate of recurrent events and therapy-related complications. This approach could be replicated in specific protocols for other complex or neglected clinical problems.
The effect of paediatric syncope on health-related quality of life
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey B. , Czosek Richard J. , Knilans Timothy K. , Marino Bradley S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundSyncope is common in children and adolescents and most commonly represents neurocardiogenic syncope. No information has been reported regarding the effect of syncope on health-related quality of life in children.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients seen in the Heart Institute Syncope Clinic at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center between July, 2009 and June, 2010. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the PedsQL™ tool. PedsQL™ scores were compared with both healthy historical controls and historical controls with chronic illnesses.ResultsA total of 106 patients were included for analysis. In all, 90% were Caucasian and 63% were girls. The median age was 15.1 years (8.2–21.6). Compared with healthy controls, patients had lower PedsQL™ scores: Total score (75.2 versus 83.8, p < 0.0001); Physical Health Summary (78.8 versus 87.5, p < 0.0001); Psychosocial Health Summary (73.9 versus 81.9, p < 0.001), Emotional Functioning (68.9 versus 79.3, p < 0.001); and School Functioning (66.4 versus 81.1, p < 0.001). No difference was seen in Social Functioning (86.2 versus 85.2, p = 0.81). Patients also had lower PedsQL™ Total scores than patients with diabetes mellitus (p < 0.0001) and similar scores to patients with asthma, end-stage renal disease, obesity, and structural heart disease.ConclusionChildren with syncope, although typically benign in aetiology, can have low health-related quality of life.
Differences in vitamin D status and calcium metabolism in Saudi Arabian boys and girls aged 6 to 18 years: effects of age, gender, extent of veiling and physical activity with concomitant implications for bone health
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Maryam A , Lanham-New Susan A , Kahn Jalal A 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveFew data exist looking at vitamin D status and bone health in school-aged boys and girls from Saudi Arabia. The present study aimed to determine the extent of poor vitamin D status in school boys and girls aged 6–18 years and to examine if there was any difference in status with age, physical activity and veiling and concomitant effects on bone.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingJeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.SubjectsA total of 150 boys (7–16 years) and 150 girls (6–18 years) from local schools were divided into age categories: 6–9 years (elementary school); 10–12 years (secondary school); 13–14 years (middle years); 15–18 years (high school).ResultsVitamin D status was significantly lower in girls than boys in all age groups (P< 0·01), with the 15–18-year-old girls having the lowest level (22·0 (sd9·4) nmol/l) in comparison to the 15–18-year-old boys (39·3 (sd14·0) nmol/l) and the 6–9-year-old girls (41·2 (sd9·3) nmol/l). Parathyroid hormone status was highest in the 15–18-year-old girls in comparison to boys of the same age. A total of 64 % of 15–18-year-old girls had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status <25 nmol/l in comparison to 31 % in the 13–14 years age category, 26 % in the 10–12 years category and 2·5 % in the 6–9 years category. No boys had 25OHD status <25 nmol/l. Fully veiled girls had lower 25OHD status than partly veiled or unveiled girls (P< 0·05). Low 25OHD and high parathyroid hormone was associated with lower bone mass in the 6–9 years and 13–14 years age groups (P< 0·05).ConclusionsThese data suggest significant hypovitaminosis D in older adolescent females, which is a cause for concern given that there is currently no public health policy for vitamin D in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Dietary patterns are associated with dietary recommendations but have limited relationship to BMI in the Communities Advancing the Studies of Tribal Nations Across the Lifespan (CoASTAL) cohort
Authors: Fialkowski Marie K , McCrory Megan A , Roberts Sparkle M , Tracy J Kathleen , Grattan Lynn M , Boushey Carol J 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTraditional food systems in indigenous groups have historically had health-promoting benefits. The objectives of the present study were to determine if a traditional dietary pattern of Pacific Northwest Tribal Nations (PNwT) could be derived using reduced rank regression and if the pattern would be associated with lower BMI and current Dietary Reference Intakes.DesignThe baseline data from the Communities Advancing the Studies of Tribal Nations Across the Lifespan (CoASTAL) cohort were used to derive dietary patterns for the total sample and those with plausibly reported energy intakes.SettingPacific Northwest Coast of Washington State, USA.SubjectsAdult PNwT members of the CoASTAL cohort with laboratory-measured weight and height and up to 4 d of dietary records (n418).ResultsA traditional dietary pattern did not evolve from the analysis. Moderate consumption of a sweet drinks dietary pattern was associated with lower BMI while higher consumption of a vegetarian-based dietary pattern was associated with higher BMI. The highest consumers of the vegetarian-based dietary pattern were almost six times more likely to meet the recommendations for dietary fibre.ConclusionsDistinct dietary patterns were found. Further exploration is needed to confirm whether the lack of finding a traditional pattern is due to methodology or the loss of a traditional dietary pattern among this population. Longitudinal assessment of the CoASTAL cohort's dietary patterns needs to continue.
Design aspects of 24 h recall assessments may affect the estimates of protein and potassium intake in dietary surveys
Authors: Crispim Sandra P , Geelen Anouk , Siebelink Els , Huybrechts Inge , Lillegaard Inger TL , Margaritis Irene , Rehurkova Irena , Slimani Nadia , Ocke Marga C , de Boer Evelien , Veer Pieter van't , de Vries Jeanne HM 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of different modes of administration (face-to-facev. telephone), recall days (firstv. second), days of the week (weekdayv. weekend) and interview days (1 d laterv. 2 d later) on bias in protein and K intakes collected with 24 h dietary recalls (24-HDR).DesignTwo non-consecutive 24-HDR (collected with standardised EPIC-Soft software) were used to estimate protein and K intakes by a face-to-face interview at the research centres and a telephone interview, and included all days of the week. Two 24 h urine collections were used to determine biomarkers of protein and K intake. The bias in intake was defined as the ratio between the 24-HDR estimate and the biomarker.SettingFive centres in Belgium, Czech Republic, France, the Netherlands and Norway in the European Food Consumption Validation (EFCOVAL) study.SubjectsAbout 120 adults (aged 45–65 years) per centre.ResultsThe bias in protein intake in the Czech Republic and Norway was smaller for telephone than face-to-face interviews (P= 0·01). The second 24-HDR estimates of protein intake in France and K intake in Belgium had a larger bias than the first 24-HDR (P= 0·01 and 0·04, respectively). In the Czech Republic, protein intake estimated during weekends and K intake estimated during weekdays had a larger bias than during other days of the week (P= 0·01). In addition, K intake collected 2 d later in the Czech Republic was likely to be overestimated.ConclusionsThe biases in protein and K intakes were comparable between modes of administration, recall days, days of the week and interview days in some, but not all, study centres.
Iron supplementation for the treatment of chronic heart failure and iron deficiency: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Avni Tomer , Leibovici Leonard , Gafter‐Gvili Anat 
Published: February 2012

AimsOver half of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients are anaemic, and iron deficiency is common. Iron replacement therapy (oral or i.v.) might improve exercise capacity and quality of life (QOL).Methods and resultsWe carried out a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all randomized control trials that compared iron with no therapy for CHF patients with iron deficiency, whether or not they were anaemic. We searched electronic databases as well as haematology and cardiology conferences up to August 2011. The primary outcome was the effect of iron on QOL parameters such as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHWFQ). Secondary outcomes included all‐cause mortality, mean ejection fraction, 6 min walk distance (6MWD), hospitalizations due to any cause, iron indices, C‐reactive protein levels, and adverse events. Four trials performed fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 370 patients were treated with i.v. iron, compared with 224 control patients. There was significant improvement in QOL in the iron arm according to the MLWHFQ score at 26 weeks, with a weighted mean difference of –18.00 (–22.54, –13.46, I2 = 0%]. The point estimate for improvement in NYHA class was in favour of iron. Iron reduced the number of hospitalizations and C‐reactive protein levels, and increased the 6MWD and mean ejection fraction. Iron indices were significantly improved without a change in haemoglobin levels. No increase in the rate of adverse events was found.ConclusionIntravenous iron therapy is associated with improved QOL parameters, reduction in hospitalizations, and increased 6MWD. Treatment with i.v. iron is safe, with no increased rate of adverse events. The results of our analysis are limited by the paucity of trials, and significant heterogeneity between trials.
Effects of Postharvest Elevated‐Temperature Exposure on Rice Quality and Functionality
Authors: Ambardekar Amogh A. , Siebenmorgen Terry J. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTRapid drying with high‐temperature air has gained interest in the rice industry, but the effects of elevated‐temperature exposure on physicochemical properties of rice are of concern. This study investigated the effects of exposing rough rice to elevated temperatures for various durations without removing moisture. Physicochemical property response was evaluated in terms of head rice yield (HRY), germination rate (GR), milled‐rice yellowing, pasting properties, and gelatinization temperatures. Two long‐grain cultivars (pure‐line Wells and hybrid CL XL729) at initial moisture contents (IMCs) of 17.9 and 18.6%, respectively, and dried moisture content (DMC) of 12.5%, were hermetically sealed and exposed to 40, 60, and 80°C for various durations. Exposure to 80°C of IMC samples of Wells and CL XL729 resulted in a significant (2.3–2.5 percentage point) reduction in the HRYs. A 2 hr exposure of both cultivars at IMC level to 60°C completely inhibited GR, and exposure to 80°C of the cultivars at both moisture content (MC) levels immediately inhibited GR. Exposure to 80°C for almost all durations and 60°C for durations over 4 hr produced significant yellowing in both cultivars at IMC. Significant yellowing in both cultivars at DMC was also observed during a 28 day storage following 80°C exposure. In general, peak viscosities of both cultivars at IMC increased only after extended exposure to 40 and 60°C, but peak viscosities of the cultivars exposed to 80°C increased sharply and immediately upon exposure. No significant differences were observed in gelatinization temperatures of either cultivar at either MC level from elevated‐temperature exposure. Results from this study suggest that extreme‐temperature exposure of rough rice affects HRY, GRs, yellowing, and pasting properties of rice, but the extent of impact is MC dependent.
RNA‐guided DNA rearrangements in ciliates: Is the best genome defence a good offence?
Authors: Coyne Robert S. , Lhuillier‐Akakpo Maoussi , Duharcourt Sandra 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGenomes, like crazy patchwork quilts, are stitched together over evolutionary time from diverse elements, including some unwelcome invaders. To deal with parasitic mobile elements, most eukaryotes employ a genome self‐defensive manoeuvre to recognise and silence such elements by homology‐dependent interactions with RNA–protein complexes that alter chromatin. Ciliated protozoa employ more ‘offensive’ tactics by actually unstitching and reassembling their somatic genomes at every sexual generation to eliminate transposons and their remnants, using as patterns the maternal genomes that were rearranged in the previous cycle. Genetic and genomic studies of the distant relatives Paramecium and Tetrahymena have begun to reveal how such events are carried out with remarkable precision. Whole genome, non‐coding transcripts from the maternal genome are compared with transcripts from the zygotic genome that are processed through an RNA interference (RNAi)‐related process. Sequences found only in the latter are targeted for elimination by the resulting short ‘scanRNAs’ in many thousand DNA splicing reactions initiated by a domesticated transposase. The involvement of widely conserved mechanisms and protein factors clearly shows the relatedness of these phenomena to RNAi‐mediated heterochromatic gene silencing. Such malleability of the genome on a generational time scale also has profound evolutionary implications, possibly including the epigenetic inheritance of acquired adaptive traits.
A randomised, placebo‐controlled trial comparing the effects of tapentadol and oxycodone on gastrointestinal and colonic transit in healthy humans
Authors: Jeong I. D. , Camilleri M. , Shin A. , Iturrino J. , Boldingh A. , Busciglio I. , Burton D. , Ryks M. , Rhoten D. , Zinsmeister A. R. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBackgroundTapentadol is a mu‐opioid receptor agonist and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. In clinical trials, tapentadol provided somatic pain relief comparable to mu‐opioids such as oxycodone, with significantly less gastrointestinal adverse effects. The acute effects of tapentadol on gastrointestinal and colonic transit are unclear.AimTo compare acute effects of oral tapentadol and oxycodone on gastric, small bowel and colonic transit of solids in 38 healthy human subjects.MethodsIn a randomised, parallel‐group, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of the effects of identical‐appearing tapentadol immediate release (IR), 75 mg t.d.s., or oxycodone IR, 5 mg t.d.s., for 48 h, we measured gastric (GE), small bowel (SBT measured as colonic filling at 6 h) and colonic transit by validated scintigraphy. Drug was commenced on the evening before the start of the transit test. The primary endpoints were overall colonic transit (geometric centre, GC) at 24 h and GE half‐time (t1/2). ancova of transit data included gender or BMI as covariates. Adverse effects were summarised.ResultsAt the doses tested, oxycodone and tapentadol significantly delayed GE t1/2 and SBT, but not overall colonic transit, compared to placebo. Transit profiles in all regions were not significantly different between oxycodone and tapentadol at the doses tested. Both oxycodone and tapentadol were associated with nausea and central effects attributable to central opiate effects.ConclusionsTapentadol significantly delayed gastric emptying t1/2 and small bowel transit, similar to oxycodone. These data suggest that acute administration of tapentadol may not have significant advantages over standard mu‐opioids, in terms of the potential to avoid upper gastrointestinal motor dysfunction.