bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Systems Optimization
Authors: Remson Irwin 
Published: October 2011

This is a fine textbook that introduces the reader ‘to the application of systems analysis and, most particularly, mathematical modeling and optimization techniques to environmental management.’ It is organized and written with clarity such that it lends itself naturally to use in an upper‐level undergraduate course that is essential for any environmental program.As was stated by the author, ‘Two principal topics are emphasized. The first is the use of mathematical models that reduce environmental problems to mathematical relationships that can be manipulated to evaluate the effects of management alternatives. The second is the application of optimization methods such as search techniques, linear programming, dynamic programming and integer programming to determine which management alternatives are better than others.’ Thus, the first topic tells how to set up the environmental model, and the second topic tells how to solve the environmental model.
Another vote for Explorer
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

A National Research Council committee formally added its name to the growing roster of those who endorse the conversion of the Glomar Explorer to a drill ship that would replace the Glomar Challenger as the pillar of scientific ocean drilling in the proposed Advanced Ocean Drilling program (AOD).With its final report, ‘Options for Scientific Ocean Drilling,’ the Committee on Ocean Drilling of the Geological Sciences Board joins, among others, the National Science Board (Eos, April 6, 1982, p. 219) and the Conference on Scientific Ocean Drilling (COSOD) (Eos, December 22, 1981, p. 1197) in urging continued scientific ocean drilling using the former CIA salvage ship Explorer. (The committee's interim report also had backed the program.) AOD, an extension of the Deep Sea Drilling Program carried out with the Challenger, would be supported in part through the Office of Scientific Ocean Drilling in the National Science Foundation (NSF).
The Glaciation of the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Schubert Carlos 
Published: October 2011

This pleasing book fills the gap in the knowledge about Pleistocene and recent glaciation between Colombia and Peru. A significant amount of data exists already for Colombia and Venezuela and for Peru, Bolivia, and, particularly, Chile. Hastenrath has now given us a description of glaciers and glaciation underneath the equator in the Andes.The book begins with brief summaries of the physiography and the atmospheric circulation, which give the general setting of Ecuador. Then follow detailed descriptions of the glaciers and glacial morphology of all the important mountains of the Western and Eastern Cordilleras. These are well illustrated, and a particularly useful feature is the comparison of old photographs and paintings of glaciers with modern photographs, many taken by the author. All illustrate the spectacular retreat of the glaciers in the Ecuadorian Andes during the last century and correlate quite well with observations elsewhere. This retreat is snown quantitatively in Table 4, in terms of decrease in glacier‐covered area since the glacial advance of moraine stage III. The area of present‐day glaciers is about 10% of the area during that stage (compared with about 1.5% in the Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuela). A series of maps show the glacial morphology of the mountains (unfortunately, some of the maps have been included within the binding, thus losing some information; they could have been reduced somewhat to fit a single page or, if too large, could have been included in the pocket, together with the map of Chimborazo‐Carihuairazo).
Publication committee meeting
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Publications Committee has oversight responsibility for the entire AGU publications program. It is supported in this activity by the Journals Board, the Books Board, and the Translations Board. The 1982–1984 committee is chaired by Thomas Graedel. Serving with him are David Atlas, Grant Gross, Jurate Landwehr, Peter Molnar, George Reid, and Rob Van der Voo.At its November 3–4 meeting the new committee spent much of its time acquainting its elf with the scope of the program, the current problems, and the potential opportunities. In addition to setting the background against which the work of the next two years would take place, the committee
Pacific warm event
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A preliminary description of the 1982 equatorial warm event was published in February as a special issue of the Tropical Ocean‐Atmosphere Newsletter. A followup special issue is planned to discuss the equatorial Pacific environment during the first 6 months of 1983.The newsletter is published bimonthly by the University of Washington's Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), with support from the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS) program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. For additional information, contact David Halpern, JISAO, University of Washington, AK‐40, Seattle, WA 98195.
Polar news
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Cores of ocean‐bottom sediments and other geological samples collected near and in Antarctica are available for study by qualified scientists, according to the National Science Foundation (NSF). Available are 12,900 m of piston, trigger, and phleger cores from the southern oceans; 4,200 kg of grabbed, trawled, and dredged rock specimens from 600 ship stations; and 1,150 m of drilled cores from the ice‐free valleys of southern Victoria Land. Most specimens were obtained in the last 21 years.Scientists need not have an NSF grant to obtain samples, but proposals for grant support of such studies will be considered by NSF's U.S. Antarctic Research program. For additional information, contact Dennis Cassidy, Curator, Antarctic Marine Geology Research Facility and Core Library, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 (telephone: 904‐644‐2407).
A climate hypothesis describing the solar‐terrestrial system as a frequency domain with specific response characteristics
Authors: Paine Douglas A. 
Published: October 2011

The evidence for and against solar variability influencing weather and climate is beset by conflicting results (e.g., see Goldberg, 1982). This article will examine a new point of departure that is designed to complement simple cause‐and‐effect methodologies. The study is based upon an analogue to contemporary quantum physics.Individual atoms are known to exhibit discrete absorption and emission responses to incoming radiation. John Jacob Balmer's 1885 description of the visible lines in the hydrogen spectrum was soon extended by Lyman and Humphreys to include both the ultraviolet and infrared componems defining the simplest atomic element. In the late 1970's I decided to test a climate concept based upon the known variability of incoming UV radiation and outgoing infrared that also displays a similar discrete frequency response. This response is primarily controlled by the triatomic molecules O3, H20, and CO2 that exist as diabatically important trace gases within earth's atmosphere.
Tectonophysics 1979–1982
Authors: Scholz C. H. 
Published: October 2011

Studies in tectonophysics are becoming increasingly interdisciplinary: Hence there was an attempt in this report to concentrate on subjects that have attracted particularly broad interest during this quadrennium, rather than concentrating on the activities of the individual disciplines.One of the strongest debates during this period has been on the state of stress in the lithosphere, reported on by M. Zoback. This debate has centered on the conflict between the low heat flow over the San Andreas fault, which suggests very low stresses, and the experimentally determined laws of rock friction, which suggest the opposite. Other lines of evidence, such as that of shear heating in ductile shear zones, in situ stress measurements, and strengths necessary to support flexure of the lithosphere, and paleopiezometry have also been brought into the debate, all of which seem to support the latter point of view.
Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism 1979–1983
Authors: Fuller M. 
Published: October 2011

My function, in writing these notes, is to bring you up to date in Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, in as painless a manner as possible—without tears, as the French language texts for tourists used to promise. In writing this account of progress in the past quadrennium, I must first acknowledge that it is a personal and subjective viewpoint;; another reporter would surely emphasize other developments. Yet, there is some virture in writing of things, about which one knows something, so I leave to future reporters the task of redresssing the balance in matters covered.At the outset, one very sad event must be recorded. On April 3, 1981, Sir Edward Bullard died. His published work alone marks him as one of the leaders of geomagnetism in our times. Yet his contribution was much greater; many an American geophysicist, as well as a whole generation of British colleagues, have felt the benefit of his perceptive advice on their research. To those who saw him in the last few months of his life, his courage in the face of his illness was a remarkable example of fortitude. It is by now well known that the definitive paper, which he wrote with Malin, on secular variation at London, was only completed immediately before his death. The transmittal letter had been typed, but death prevented him from signing it. Bullard returned in this final paper to a topic to which he had contributed much. In it, he notes the role of Halley, who first described the phenomenon of westward drift, to which Bullard gave a new numerical precision, two and a half centuries later. I seem to remember Bullard saying in a lecture years ago that, while the Newtons of this world seem other than mortal, Halley was a scientist whose life and acheivements could encourage one's own efforts. Bullard, like Halley, inspires and encourages us.
Multiobjective Decision Analysis With Engineering and Business Applications
Authors: Wood Eric 
Published: October 2011

The last 15 years have witnessed the development of a large number of multiobjective decision techniques. Applying these techniques to environmental, engineering, and business problems has become well accepted. Multiobjective Decision Analysis With Engineering and Business Applications attempts to cover the main multiobjective techniques both in their mathematical treatment and in their application to real‐world problems.The book is divided into 12 chapters plus three appendices. The main portion of the book is represented by chapters 3–6, Where the various approaches are identified, classified, and reviewed. Chapter 3 covers methods for generating nondominated solutions; chapter 4, continuous methods with prior preference articulation; chapter 5, discrete methods with prior preference articulation; and chapter 6, methods of progressive articulation of preferences. In these four chapters, close to 20 techniques are discussed with over 20 illustrative examples. This is both a strength and a weakness; the breadth of techniques and examples provide comprehensive coverage, but it is in a style too mathematically compact for most readers. By my count, the presentation of the 20 techniques in chapters 3–6 covered 85 pages, an average of about 4.5 pages each; therefore, a sound basis in linear algebra and linear programing is required if the reader hopes to follow the material. Chapter 2, “Concepts in Multiobjective Analysis,” also assumes such a background.
Physico‐Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants
Authors: Crutzen P. 
Published: October 2011

This book covers the proceedings of the Second European Symposium on the Physico‐Chemical Behavior of Atmospheric Pollutants, held September 29 to October 1, 1981, in Varese, Italy. These symposia are organized about every second year to coordinate research within the European Community and in Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, and Yugoslavia under a joint agreement called COST (Cooperation Scientifique et Technique).The book consists of 13 articles on the identification and analysis of pollutants, 14 on chemical and photochemical reactions, 12 on aerosols, 12 on pollutant cycles, and 21 on transport and modeling and field experiments and ends with five useful summaries written by the session chairman.
Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modelling
Authors: Sun Wen‐yih 
Published: October 2011

Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modelling originates from a September 1981 short course at The Hague presented by seven outstanding specialists. The material has been combined and integrated by the editors.The first two chapters cover the basic concepts, fundamental equations, and similarity relations applied in the planetary boundary layer. They provide a very important background for succeeding chapters. The first‐order and the second‐order closure schemes are discussed in chapter 3. Observational phenomena of free convection have been extensively covered in chapter 4. The subsequent three chapters treat the diffusion problems in both unstable and stable conditions. Various models, which include the Lagrangian model of diffusion, similarity model of diffusion, statistical model of diffusion, Gaussian plume model, and K‐diffusion model are presented; the comparison of the results of some models with observations are also included. The last chapter is a report of panel discussion in which some useful remarks can be found.
Jack D. Fellows: Congressional Science Fellow
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Jack D. Fellows has been selected as the 1983–84 AGU Congressional Science Fellow. Last week he began his 1‐year stint on Capitol Hill as AGU's seventh Congressional Science Fellow.Fellows received his Ph.D. earlier this year from the civil engineering department at the University of Maryland, College Park. For his dissertation he developed a management system using regional geographic information for hydrologic models. His work applied remote sensing data to the decision‐making processes of regional planning organizations concerned with hydrology and natural resource management. The Maryland National Capital Park and Planning Commission has integrated Fellows' work into their programs on water resource and environmental planning; his approach also is being used for forest and water resource planning near Freiburg, Baden‐Wurtemberg, West Germany.
Resolutions of the 18th General Assembly of IUGG
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Reproduced below are the 19 resolutions adopted at the 18th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), held in Hamburg August 15–27. The resolutions passed by each quadrennial general assembly of IUGG are an important barometer of current opinion in the geophysics community, and as such they can be a powerful tool in the development of the scientific programs to which they are addressed.The resolutions will help advance programs, however, only if they are used. Carried back home by the national committees which make up the IUGG, the resolutions spread information worldwide on programs that promise to most effectively advance geophysical knowledge. The IUGG intends that member groups will present the resolutions before deliberative bodies and otherwise use them to make decision makers aware of international scientific thought.
Geodetic Applications of Radio Interferometry
Authors: Boucher C. 
Published: October 2011

These proceedings contain the papers presented during Symposium No. 5, Geodetic Applications of Radio Interferometry, of the International Association of Geodesy General Meeting held in Tokyo, May 7–8, 1982. The symposium, organized by the IAG Special Study Group 2.51 on Radio Interferometry, had eight sessions and 3 6 papers. Radio interferometry on satellites, such as GPS, was not included because this topic had been extensively discussed during other IAG meetings, such as the Third International Symposium on Satellite Doppler Positioning held in Las Cruces, N. Mex., in February 1982.The first session contained six papers on reference frames. K. I. Kellermann's contribution illustrated source structures and their frequency and time variations, which have significant influence for the maintenance of a celestial radio catalogue at the milliarcsecond level and for the simultaneous use of two frequencies during Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) sessions. The second paper, by K. J. Johnston and J. S. Ulvestad, was devoted too to celestial frame by comparing several radiosource catalogues. Some useful recommendations are made for future works, particularly by proposing a set of about 40 sources to be observed by all investigators.
Dissolved loads and water quality
Authors: Steele Timothy D. 
Published: October 2011

The IAHS Symposium on Dissolved Loads of Rivers and Surface Water Quantity/Quality Relationships took place in Hamburg, West Germany, August 16–18, 1983, as part of the IUGG 18th General Assembly. Coconvenors, B. W. Webb of the University of Exeter, UK, and R. A. Gras of Electricity de France, delineated 3 topics: “Spatial and Temporal Variations in Dissolved Loads and Solute Concentrations,” “Solute Sources, Budgets, and Denudation,” and “Applications of Surface Water Quantity/Quality Relationships”.From the range of field investigations discussed, it was apparent that different perspectives on the symposium title were being affected by scale and academic ideals. That is, intense and detailed studies on smaller watersheds were advocating study approaches radically different from those interested in macroscale (basinwide or global) analyses. The former become imbedded in assessing chemical processes and in formulating causal relationships for observed data. The latter tend to rely on empirical data‐analysis techniques.
AGU membership applications
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Applications for membership have been received from the following individuals. The letter after the name denotes the proposed primary section affiliation.Henry D. I. Abarbanel (O), Julia C. Allen (H), Gwendolyn L. Anson (GP), Andrew Bakun (O), C. A. Bengtson (T), Patricia A. Berge (S), Peter R. Betzer (O), Pierre Boivin (V), Michael V. Capobianco (P), Martin C. Chapman (S), Chu‐Yung Chen (V), Timothy J. Clarke (S), Steven C. Constable (GP), Michele Dermer (H), G. M. Dow (T), Carl E. Draper (G), Dean A. Dunn (O), I. B. Everingham (S).
Upcoming hearings
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The following hearings have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121.March 7, March 13, March 14: Clean Air Act (P.L. 95‐95) amendments (S.768) markup by the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. Dirksen Building, Room SD‐406, 10 A.M.
New solar systems?
Authors: Reichhardt Tony 
Published: October 2011

A team of astronomers from UCLA, Cornell University, and the University of Hawaii have discovered what may be two new planetary systems aborning around young stars in the constellations Taurus and Monoceros. The team's ground‐based infrared observations of HL Tau and R Mon reveal features similar to those seen around Vega and Fomalhaut last year by NASA's Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS)—disks of very fine dust particles extending outward from a central star. If current theories about solar system formation are correct, then those disks most likely represent an early evolutionary step in the formation of planets.Using the technique of speckle interferometry to counter the effects of atmospheric distortion, Steven Beckwith of Cornell, Benjamin Zuckerman of UCLA, Melvin Dyck of the University of Hawaii, and Cornell graduate student Michael Skrutskie were able to make the observations using telescopes on Mauna Kea in Hawaii and Kitt Peak in Arizona. What they saw in both cases was short‐wavelength infrared starlight being scattered by dust particles surrounding the star. In the case of HL Tau, the dusty “cloud” appears to extend out about 160 Astronomical Units from the star (4 times as wide as our solar system) in the east‐west direction, but only half that far in the north‐south direction. The explanation, according to Beckwith, is that “we're looking at a tilted disk rather than an oblate spheroid.” The cloud, in other words, is neither exactly edge‐on nor face‐on as seen from earth.
New marine community
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

While exploring the West Florida Escarpment, a steep slope in the Gulf of Mexico several hundred kilometers off the Florida coast, the deep submergence research vessel Alvin chanced upon a well‐developed community of marine life akin to that found 7 years ago in the eastern Pacific Ocean.According to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, which operates the submersible and its new tender, the Atlantis II (Eos, November 1, 1983, p. 619), the marine community contains large clams, mussels, crabs, fish, and tube worms like those found at hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific. While the east Pacific communities exist at spreading centers, the newly discovered group, which may stretch for almost 2 km at a depth of roughly 3200 km, lies in a passive continental margin. Also, whereas the water around the Pacific hydrothermal vents is much warmer than the surrounding seawater, the water around the new found community is apparently the same temperature as the ambient waters.
Giacobini‐Zinner re‐sighted
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Comet Giacobini‐Zinner, which will be the target of close‐up investigation by a NASA spacecraft next year, has been sighted for the first time since 1979 by a team of astronomers at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona. The comet was photographed with the 395 cm Mayall Telescope on April 3 by‐George Will and Michael Belton of Kitt Peak and Stanislaus Djorgovski and Hyron Spinrad of the University of California at Berkeley. The earlier than usual sighting and the closeness of the comet to its predicted location (within 4 arc seconds) will help in planning the September 1985 rendezvous by the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) spacecraft.Giacobini‐Zinner is a well‐known comet with an orbital period of 6.5 years, but its motion can be erratic due to outgassing of material from the nucleus. For that reason, John Brandt of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, comet scientist for the ICE mission, was “ecstatic” that the comet was resighted so close to its expected position. Mission planners now can proceed with the knowledge that they have a wide margin of propellant for adjusting the spacecraft trajectory prior to the comet encounter. The International Halley Watch, a coordinaed observing network of ground‐based telescopes, will devote time to tracking the comet's path around the time of closest spacecraft approach.