bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression profile of the S100 gene family members in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Sapkota Dipak , Bruland Ove , Bøe Olav E. , Bakeer Hala , Elgindi Osman A. A. , Vasstrand Endre N. , Ibrahim Salah O. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Several of the S100 gene members have been reported to be differentially expressed in many human pathological conditions, in particular, the malignancies. Identification and quantification of the differentially expressed S100 gene members in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) might facilitate their use as potential diagnostic and/or prognostic markers or targets for therapy.Methods:  we examined the expression profile of 16 members of the S100 gene family at the mRNA level by semiquantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (sRT‐PCR) in 27 cases of OSCCs/their pair‐wised normal controls obtained from Sudanese patients, and confirmed the sRT‐PCR results by performing quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) for 6 of the 16 genes examined.Results:  With sRT‐PCR, 4 (25%; S100A4, S100A6, S100A8, S100A14) out of the 16 S100 gene members examined were found to be significantly down‐regulated (P < 0.05) in the tumors compared to the normal controls. None of the S100 gene members examined were found to be significantly up‐regulated in the tumors. qRT‐PCR results confirmed the significant down‐regulation of the S100A4, S100A6, and S100A14 genes in the tumors examined.Conclusion:  S100 gene family members might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the OSCCs examined. Findings of the present work warrant in‐depth studies of the S100 gene family members, in particular, the S100A4, S100A6, S100A8, and S100A14 to further understand their possible role(s) in OSCC tumorigenesis.
Prevalence of oral herpes simplex virus reactivation in cancer patients: a comparison of different techniques of viral detection
Authors: Djuric Milanko , Jankovic Ljiljana , Jovanovic Tanja , Pavlica Dusan , Brkic Snezana , Knezevic Aleksandra , Markovic Dubravka , Milasin Jelena 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Oral reactivation of latent Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection may easily occur in cancer patients. Virus reactivation can cause oral mucosa damage, worsen already existing lesions caused by stomatotoxic effect of cancer therapy and, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, ample spreading and promote viral transmission.Methods:  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cell‐culture and direct immunofluorescence have been used to determine the frequency of oral HSV reactivation in 60 patients undergoing chemotherapy for different malignancies.Results:  By means of PCR, the presence of viral DNA was detected in 71.7% of patients prior to chemotherapy and in 85.0% after chemotherapy. 33.3% of patients before and 40.0% after chemotherapy were viral‐culture positive, while 3.3% of patients before and 11.7% after chemotherapy were positive as shown by direct immunofluorescence. No significant difference in HSV‐1 reactivation was found before and after chemotherapy. In addition, no significant difference was found when comparing HSV‐1 reactivation in patients with and without mucositis. HSV‐2 was not detected in any of the patients.Conclusions:  Reactivation of latent HSV is exceptionally frequent in cancer patients. The results of this study suggest that virus reactivation occurs independently of cancer chemotherapy. The potential role of HSV reactivation in oral mucosa damage remains unclear.
Significantly higher frequencies of presence of serum autoantibodies in Chinese patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Chang Julia Yu‐Fong , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Hsiao Chuhsing Kate , Sun Andy 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Previous studies have shown the presence of serum anti‐nuclear (ANA), anti‐smooth muscle (SMA), anti‐mitochondrial (AMA), anti‐gastric parietal cell (GPCA), anti‐thyroglobulin (TGA) and anti‐thyroid microsomal autoantibodies (TMA) in small groups of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP).Methods:  In this study, the serum levels of ANA, SMA, AMA, GPCA, TGA and TMA were measured in a group of 320 Chinese OLP patients and 53 healthy control subjects to assess whether Chinese OLP patients had significantly higher frequencies of serum autoantibodies than healthy control subjects and to assess which risk factors had a significant influence on the possession of a specific serum autoantibody in OLP patients.Results:  We found that autoantibodies were present in 195 (60.9%) of the 320 OLP patients. The frequencies of presence of serum ANA (28.1%), GPCA (26.3%), TGA (21.3%) and TMA (24.4%) in OLP patients were significantly higher than those (5.7%, 1.9%, 1.9% and 1.9%, respectively) in healthy control subjects (all P‐values were < 0.005). Forty‐one (12.8%) OLP patients also had anti‐hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVA) in their sera. The multivariate logistic regression found that major erosive OLP (EOLP) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.786], TGA/TMA‐positivity (OR = 2.517), and HCVA‐positivity (OR = 2.214) were significant risk factors to influence ANA‐positivity in OLP patients. Moreover, only major EOLP (OR = 1.879) and ANA‐positivity (OR = 2.581) were significant risk factors to influence TGA/TMA‐positivity in OLP patients.Conclusions:  There are significantly higher frequencies of presence of ANA, GPCA, TGA and TMA in Chinese OLP patients than in healthy control subjects.
Physiotherapeutic treatment improves oral opening in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Cox Stephen , Zoellner Hans 
Published: August 2010

Background:  In oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) fibrous bands and burning mucosal pain restrict oral opening to limit speech and eating. The pathogenesis of OSF remains unclear, while surgical and pharmacological treatments have limited success, and are often inaccessible in communities using areca nut where OSF is prevalent. Improved outcomes are reported for surgical treatment when followed by physiotherapy. We tested the hypothesis that physiotherapy alone can modify tissue remodelling in OSF to increase oral opening.Materials and methods:  Fifty‐four Nepali OSF patients were managed for 4 months in three randomly assigned groups receiving either: five times daily physiotherapy by inter‐positioning tongue spatulas between teeth and adding a new spatula every 5–10 days; local injection of hyaluronidase with steroids; or no active treatment.Results:  More males presented with OSF than females (p < 0.05). All patients reported reduced opening and 47% had mucosal pain. Progressive mucosal involvement was always in the same order, starting with the soft palate, and then progressing to the fauces, unilateral buccal mucosa, bilateral buccal mucosa, floor of mouth and finally lip mucosa (p < 0.006). Physiotherapy improved oral opening (p < 0.0005), but not oral pain, while no clear improvement was seen in untreated patients as well as patients managed by injection.Conclusions:  We conclude OSF in the Nepali population progresses in a predictable pattern, and that physiotherapy is effective for increasing the oral opening. We further suggest physiotherapy can be readily used to improve OSF in communities with otherwise limited health resources.
Polymorphic drug metabolizing CYP‐enzymes – a pathogenic factor in oral lichen planus?
Authors: Kragelund C. , Hansen C. , Reibel J. , Nauntofte B. , Broesen K. , Pedersen A. M. L. , Smidt D. , Eiberg H. , Torpet L. A. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucosal disease with a characteristic clinical phenotype. Environmental exposures, e.g. drugs have been associated with the pathogenesis.Objectives:  To test the hypothesis that some OLP lesions have a pharmacological pathogenesis related to polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) resulting in poor or intermediate CYP metabolism.Methods:  One hundred and twenty patients with OLP and 180 gender‐matched controls without OLP were genotyped for CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 alleles with absent or reduced function.Results:  The prevalence of poor or intermediate metabolizers was not higher among the OLPs as compared with the controls; however, there were higher numbers of variant CYP2D6 genotypes among the OLP females (P < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups with regard to intake of drugs metabolized by polymorphic CYPs or drug or herbal products inhibiting CYPs. The prevalence of CYP2D6*4 alleles among the OLPs was higher [28%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 20–36%] than previously reported among Danes (19%; 95% CI 17–22%). Fifty per cent of the OLPs had a CYP2D6*4 genotype as compared with 30% in the background population (P = 0.0001). The CYP2D6*4 protein has sequence homology with human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and Candida albicans, which may result in molecular mimicry.Conclusion:  It was not possible to substantiate a pharmacological pathogenesis of OLP based on poor or intermediate CYP metabolism. However, molecular mimicry between CYP2D6, in particular CYP2D6*4, and common oral pathogens may be involved in the pathogenesis of OLP.
A case–control study on etiological factors involved in patients with burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Gao Jianming , Chen Lizhang , Zhou Jia , Peng Jieying 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To evaluate and analyze the risk factors for burning mouth syndrome (BMS).Methods:  Eighty‐seven consecutive patients with BMS and a randomly selected control group (n = 82) were comprehensively investigated with a self‐designed questionnaire, Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS). A complete blood count and serum sex hormone were also examined in patients with BMS and control subjects. All the data obtained were transferred to a data bank and analyzed statistically in spss 11.5 for windows.Results:  No statistical difference between the BMS group and the control group was found in blood analyses including white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count. Among the menopausal or postmenopausal women with BMS, the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level was significantly higher, but the estradiol level was significantly lower. The BMS group reported adverse life events more frequently than the control group. Patients with BMS significantly exhibited symptoms of somatization, and both the scores of anxiety, depression in patients with BMS were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). A regression equation which included six variables had been established by using logistic regression analysis, indicating that the habit of tongue thrusting, lip sucking, periodontitis, smoking, outcome of recent medication, depression were the principal risk factors, among which tongue thrusting was the most significant.Conclusion:  Our study indicated that BMS may be of psychological origin, and the measures such as refraining from oral parafunctional activities, removing local irritating factors, stopping smoking, good mental health status could help in the prevention of BMS.
An investigation of the role of oral epithelial cells and Langerhans cells as possible HIV viral reservoirs
Authors: Boy Sonja C. , Van Heerden Marlene B. , Wolfaardt Marianne , Cockeran Riana , Gema Elize , Van Heerden Willie F. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The role of the oral mucosa as a target of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) infection and persistence is unclear. HIV‐1 has been reported in oral epithelial cells, but this has not been confirmed. Cellular reservoirs may impede antiretroviral therapies and should be identified. This study was performed to determine the presence of HIV‐1 in oral epithelial and Langerhans cells (LCs) of HIV‐1‐positive antiretroviral naïve patients. Non‐invasive brush biopsy technique for future in vivo HIV research was also evaluated.Methods:  Oral mucosal cells were harvested from the buccal mucosae, dorsal tongue and the gingiva of the mandibular teeth of 35 HIV‐1‐positive patients using a Cytobrush Plus cell collector. Epithelial cells were purified from the samples by flow cytometric cell sorting using cytokeratin stains after which the epithelial cell samples were further purified and divided into superficial and deep epithelial cells by laser microdissection on Pap stained cytospin smears. LCs were picked up individually by laser microdissection from CD1a stained cytospin smears. Purified epithelial and LC samples were tested for the presence of HIV‐1 DNA by polymerase chain reaction analysis.Results:  Ten of the patients had HIV‐1 DNA in one or more of the sampled anatomical locations. No HIV‐1 DNA could be demonstrated in any of the purified superficial or deep epithelial or LC samples.Conclusions:  HIV‐DNA can be found using non‐invasive oral brush biopsies and should be investigated further as an experimental model for in vivo oral HIV research. Better ways to purify the different cell types should be investigated.
Areca nut extract‐treated gingival fibroblasts modulate the invasiveness of polymorphonuclear leukocytes via the production of MMP‐2
Authors: Lu Hsuan‐Hsuan , Chen Li‐Kai , Cheng Chieh‐Yuan , Hung Shan‐Ling , Lin Shu‐Chun , Chang Kuo‐Wei 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Areca nut chewing is associated with an increase in the incidence of oral neoplastic or inflammatory diseases. Aberrations in matrix metalloprotease (MMP) expression are associated with the pathogenesis of oral diseases. This study investigated the potential effects of areca nut extract (ANE) on human gingival fibroblasts and the consequential impacts on inflammatory pathogenesis.Methods:  Analyses of senescence marker, cell viability, changes of the cell cycle, and cell granularity in gingival fibroblasts together with an assessment of the invasiveness of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes after treatment with the supernatant of ANE‐treated gingival fibroblasts were performed to characterize the phenotypic impacts. Western blotting and gelatin zymography were used to assay the expression and activity of MMP‐2.Results:  Chronic subtoxic (<10 μg/ml) ANE treatment resulted in premature growth arrest, appearance of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity and various other senescence‐associated phenotypes in gingival fibroblasts. Gingival fibroblasts established from older individuals had a higher propensity to become ANE‐induced senescent gingival fibroblasts. An activation of MMP‐2 was identified in senescent cells. PMN leukocytes treated with the supernatant of ANE‐induced senescent cells exhibited a significant increase in invasiveness, which was abrogated by both a MMP‐2 blocker and a MMP‐2 nullifying antibody.Conclusions:  This study provides evidence whereby MMP‐2 secreted from ANE‐induced senescent gingival fibroblasts would facilitate the invasiveness of PMN leukocytes, which could be associated with the oral inflammatory process in areca chewers.
Insight into the mechanisms underlying tumor response to boron neutron capture therapy in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model
Authors: Aromando Romina F. , Heber Elisa M. , Trivillin Verónica A. , Nigg David W. , Schwint Amanda E. , Itoiz María E. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  The therapeutic success of different boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) protocols employing the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model has been previously reported by our laboratory. The aim of this study was to explore potential mechanisms of BNCT‐induced damage to tumor in terms of potential inhibition in DNA synthesis and induction of apoptosis in the tumors that underwent partial remission following application of the different BNCT protocols in this model.Materials and methods:  We evaluated DNA synthesis employing incorporation of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine as an end‐point. Apoptosis was evaluated by immunohistochemistry employing the deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate‐biotin nick end‐labeling technique and Bax and Bcl‐2 labeling. These studies were performed in tumors that underwent partial remission 1–30 days post‐BNCT mediated by boronophenylalanine (BPA), GB‐10 (Na210B10H10) or (BPA + GB‐10).Results:  BNCT exerted a marked inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis in tumors for all the protocols under study. The inhibitory effect of BPA‐BNCT occurred as soon as 1 day post‐treatment (P < 0.001). Conversely, the effect of GB‐10‐BNCT became apparent 7–14 days after therapy (P < 0.001) and was sustained until killed at 30 days post‐treatment (P < 0.001). (GB‐10 + BPA)‐BNCT exerted a rapid and persistent effect, conceivably because of the combined effect of BNCT mediated by both boron compounds. The apoptosis studies did not show differences between the pre‐treatment group and any of the BNCT groups.Conclusions:  One of the mechanisms involved in BNCT‐induced tumor control in our model would be an inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis. Apoptosis does not seem to have a significant role in BNCT‐induced tumor control in our model.
The prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in oral epithelial hyperplasia: proposal of a concept
Authors: Varnai Alinda Dalma , Bollmann Magdolna , Bankfalvi Agnes , Kovacs Krisztina , Heller Hildegard , Schmitt Christoph , Volek Jan , Szendy Marianna , Bollmann Reinhard , Hildenbrand Ralf 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Evidence is accumulating for the aetiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions and squamous cell carcinomas.Methods:  Paraffin tissue sections from 49 patients with ‘white patches’ of the oral mucosa were investigated histologically, by broad‐spectrum PCR followed by genotyping and chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH).Results:  Histologically, 33 flat hyperplasias and 16 papillary hyperplasias were diagnosed. Twenty‐two of 28 samples studied (78.6%) were positive for HPV DNA by PCR and six were negative. The following HPV types were detected in decreasing order of prevalence: HPV 35, HPV 6, HPV16, HPV 53, HPV 18, HPV 51 and HPV 55. Seventeen samples (60.7%) contained high‐risk HPV DNA. Using CISH, ≥ 1 HPV signals were detected at least in a few epithelial cells in 95% of cases studied. All but one case were positive with the high‐risk HPV probe and all HPV infections contained low viral load. Concordant positive results both by PCR and CISH were detected in 14 of 19 cases (73.7%) analysed.Conclusions:  The high prevalence of HPV infection in hyperplastic ‘white patches’ of the oral mucosa supports the putative role of HPV at an early stage of oral carcinogenesis. These results further indicate that the majority of white oral mucosal lesions – flat, exophytic, wart‐like or papillary proliferations – could be considered as the clinical manifestations of oral HPV infection. This finding has clinical relevance regarding therapy and patient management and may help in elucidating the role of HPV infection in oral carcinogenesis.
Altered binding of MYF‐5 toFOXE1promoter in non‐syndromic and CHARGE‐associated cleft palate
Authors: Venza Mario , Visalli Maria , Venza Isabella , Torino Claudia , Tripodo Barbara , Melita Rocco , Teti Diana 
Published: August 2010

Background: Three different homozygous loss‐of‐function mutations of the Forkhead box E1 (FOXE1) gene have been associated with syndromic cleft palate. Here, we screened the entire promoter region to identify the variations in significant consensus motifs affectingFOXE1transcription.Method: Genomic DNAs of 35 cleft palate patients, 10 of whom with CHARGE association, 80 unrelated healthy people and 80 unaffected first‐degree relatives were analysed by automatic sequencing. The Transcription Element Search System program was employed to identify transcription factor binding sites. The protein‐DNA complexes were observed using DNA band‐shift assays and oligonucleotide competition analyses. Real‐time PCR was used to estimateFOXE1expression at mRNA level.Results: In 11 non‐syndromic cleft palate patients, a novel non‐coding polymorphism (C→G) in the 5′‐untranslated region ofFOXE1was found. The variation fell into a putative consensus sequence for the transcription factorMYF‐5and completely impaired the ability ofMYF‐5 to bind to its motif, as shown by EMSA experiments. As a consequence, a significantly reducedFOXE1mRNA expression was observed.Conclusions: In 45% of non‐syndromic cleft palate patients, a novel homozygous polymorphism that prevented the binding ofMYF‐5 toFOXE1promoter and affected theFOXE1expression was found. As recent data show the role ofMYF‐5in the muscle‐dependent craniofacial skeletal development and in the fusion of primary palate and secondary palate, the results reported here strongly suggest a more significant involvement of this factor in the cleft palate onset.
Burning mouth syndrome and saliva: detection of salivary trace elements and cytokines
Authors: Pekiner F. N. , Gümrü B. , Demirel G. Y. , Özbayrak S. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is considered a syndrome with an unknown cause. Roles of various trace elements and cytokines in saliva have been implicated in the development of BMS. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of salivary trace elements [magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu)] and interleukin (IL)‐2 and IL‐6, and to search for a correlation between depression/anxiety and salivary trace elements and cytokines in BMS patients and controls.Methods: Thirty patients with BMS and 30 matched healthy controls participated in the study. Unstimulated saliva was collected from participants and salivary flow rates were determined. Mg, Zn and Cu levels were determined by atomic absorbance spectrophotometry. Cytokine immunoassay kits were used to determine the concentration of IL‐2 and IL‐6 in the whole saliva samples. Anxiety and depression were analyzed by means of the Speilberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (SAI‐TAI) and Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale.Results: Although subjects in the control group had significantly higher mean levels for Mg compared with BMS patients (P < 0.01), no statistically significant differences were observed in relation to Zn and Cu levels between the two groups (P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in IL‐2 and IL‐6 levels of BMS and control groups, but subjects in BMS group had slightly, not significantly, higher mean levels for IL‐6 compared with controls. Subjects in BMS group had significantly higher mean values for TAI compared with controls (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in relation to salivary levels of Mg, Zn, Cu, IL‐2, IL‐6 and depression/anxiety between BMS and control groups.Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that Mg levels could have an impact on symptoms of BMS and further studies are necessary to determine the importance of cytokines in the pathogenesis of BMS.