bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary exposure to single-walled carbon nanotubes does not affect the early immune response against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Swedin Linda , Arrighi Romanico , Andersson-Willman Britta , Murray Ashley , Chen Yunying , Karlsson Mikael C I , Georén Susanna Kumlien , Tkach Alexey V , Shvedova Anna A , Fadeel Bengt , Barragan Antonio , Scheynius Annika 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundSingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) trigger pronounced inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs of mice following administration via pharyngeal aspiration or inhalation. Human exposure to SWCNT in an occupational setting may occur in conjunction with infections and this could yield enhanced or suppressed responses to the offending agent. Here, we studied whether the sequential exposure to SWCNT via pharyngeal aspiration and infection of mice with the ubiquitous intracellular parasiteToxoplasma gondiiwould impact on the immune response of the host against the parasite.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were pre-exposed by pharyngeal administration of SWCNT (80 + 80 μg/mouse) for two consecutive days followed by intravenous injection with either 1x103or 1x104green fluorescence protein and luciferase-expressingT. gondiitachyzoites. The dissemination ofT. gondiiwas monitored byin vivobioluminescence imaging in real time for 7 days and by plaque formation.The inflammatory response was analysed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and by assessment of morphological changes and immune responses in lung and spleen.ResultsThere were no differences in parasite distribution between mice only inoculated withT. gondiior those mice pre-exposed for 2 days to SWCNT before parasite inoculum. Lung and spleen histology and inflammation markers in BAL fluid reflected the effects of SWCNT exposure andT. gondiiinjection, respectively. We also noted that CD11c positive dendritic cells but not F4/80 positive macrophages retained SWCNT in the lungs 9 days after pharyngeal aspiration. However, co-localization ofT. gondiiwith CD11c or F4/80 positive cells could not be observed in lungs or spleen. Pre-exposure to SWCNT did not affect the splenocyte response toT. gondii.ConclusionsTaken together, our data indicate that pre-exposure to SWCNT does not enhance or suppress the early immune response toT. gondiiin mice.
Resuscitation of very preterm infants with 30% vs. 65% oxygen at birth: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rook Denise , Schierbeek Henk , van der Eijk Anne C , Longini Mariangela , Buonocore Giuseppe , Vento Maximo , van Goudoever Johannes B , Vermeulen Marijn J 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Resuscitation at birth with 100% oxygen is known to increase the oxidative burden with concomitant deleterious effects. Although fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2) < 100% are widely used in preterm infants, starting resuscitation at a (too) low FiO2 may result in hypoxia. The objective of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of resuscitating very preterm infants with an initial FiO2 of 30% versus 65%.

Methods/design
In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 200 very preterm infants with a gestational age < 32 weeks will be randomized to start resuscitation after birth with either 30% or 65% oxygen. The FiO2 will be adjusted based on oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) and pulse rate (which should be over 100 beats per minute) in order to achieve a target SpO2 of 88–94% at 10 min of life. The FiO2 and pulse oximetry data will be continuously recorded.
The primary outcome is survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as assessed by a physiological test at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The secondary outcomes include the time to achieve SpO2 > 88%, Apgar score at 5 min, cumulative O2 exposure, oxidative stress (as determined by glutathione synthesis and oxidative stress markers), retinopathy of prematurity, brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age.
This study will provide insight into determining the appropriate initial FiO2 to start resuscitation of very preterm infants.

Trial registration

http://www.trialregister.nl, NTR243.
Porous high-density polyethylene in facial reconstruction and revision rhinoplasty: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mohammadi Shabahang , Ghourchian Shadi , Izadi Farzad , Daneshi Ahmad , Ahmadi Aslan 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Initial methods which used human tissues as reconstruction materials caused different problems including rejection, limited shapes and infection. In 1970s, PHDPE (Medpor®) was introduced by its exclusive advantageous including no donor site morbidity, easily shaped and the minimal foreign body reaction. Hereby, we report our experience of using Medpor® in facial reconstruction especially in frontal reconstruction and orbital rim with a large sample size.

Methods
This study was a prospective cohort study. Surgical techniques included using Medpor® in reconstruction of lamina papiracea (LP) (15 patients), frontal bone (15 patients), orbital rim (18 patients) and open rhinoplasty (8 patients). All interventions on LP were performed by endoscopic procedures. All frontal operations were carried out by bicoronal incision. In orbital defects, we used subciliary incision.

Results
From all 56 patients, 1 case had primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of maxillary sinus. In that case, reconstruction of inferior orbital rim was not successful and extrusion was occurred after radiotherapy. In rhinoplasty and other experiences no extrusion or infection were detected within the next 1 to 3 years of follow up. There were not any palpable and visible irregularities under the skin in our experiences.

Conclusions
In this study the patients did not experience any complications during the follow up periods and the satisfaction was remarkable. Gathering these data gives rise to future review studies which can provide more organized evidences for replacing classic reconstructive methods by the presented material.
Cherubism: best clinical practice
Authors: Papadaki Maria E , Lietman Steven A , Levine Michael A , Olsen Bjorn R , Kaban Leonard B , Reichenberger Ernst J 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCherubism is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by bilateral and symmetric fibro-osseous lesions limited to the mandible and maxilla. In most patients, cherubism is due to dominant mutations in theSH3BP2gene on chromosome 4p16.3. Affected children appear normal at birth. Swelling of the jaws usually appears between 2 and 7 years of age, after which, lesions proliferate and increase in size until puberty. The lesions subsequently begin to regress, fill with bone and remodel until age 30, when they are frequently not detectable.Fibro-osseous lesions, including those in cherubism have been classified as quiescent, non-aggressive and aggressive on the basis of clinical behavior and radiographic findings. Quiescent cherubic lesions are usually seen in older patients and do not demonstrate progressive growth. Non-aggressive lesions are most frequently present in teenagers. Lesions in the aggressive form of cherubism occur in young children and are large, rapidly growing and may cause tooth displacement, root resorption, thinning and perforation of cortical bone.Because cherubism is usually self-limiting, operative treatment may not be necessary. Longitudinal observation and follow-up is the initial management in most cases. Surgical intervention with curettage, contouring or resection may be indicated for functional or aesthetic reasons. Surgical procedures are usually performed when the disease becomes quiescent. Aggressive lesions that cause severe functional problems such as airway obstruction justify early surgical intervention.
Absence of amyloid β oligomers at the postsynapse and regulated synaptic Zn2+ in cognitively intact aged individuals with Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology
Authors: Bjorklund Nicole L , Reese Lindsay C , Sadagoparamanujam V-M , Ghirardi Valeria , Woltjer Randall L , Taglialatela Giulio 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundEarly cognitive impairment in Alzheimer Disease (AD) is thought to result from the dysfunctional effect of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers targeting the synapses. Some individuals, however, escape cognitive decline despite the presence of the neuropathologic features of AD (Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles). We term this group Non-Demented with AD Neuropathology or NDAN. The present study illustrates one putative resistance mechanism involved in NDAN cases which may suggest targets for the effective treatment of AD.ResultsHere we describe the localization of Aβ oligomers at the postsynapse in hippocampi from AD cases. Notably, however, we also found that while present in soluble fractions, Aβ oligomers are absent from hippocampal postsynapses in NDAN cases. In addition, levels of phosphorylated (active) CREB, a transcription factor important for synaptic plasticity, are normal in NDAN individuals, suggesting that their synapses are functionally intact. Analysis of Zn2+showed that levels were increased in both soluble fractions and synaptic vesicles in AD hippocampi, paralleled by a decrease of expression of the synaptic vesicle Zn2+transporter, ZnT3. Conversely, in NDAN individuals, levels of Zn2+in soluble fractions were significantly lower than in AD, whereas in synaptic vesicles the levels of Zn2+were similar to AD, but accompanied by preserved expression of the ZnT3.ConclusionsTaken together, these data illustrate that despite substantial AD neuropathology, Aβ oligomers, and increased synaptic vesicle Zn2+, susceptible brain tissue in these aged NDAN individuals features, as compared to symptomatic AD subjects, significantly lower total Zn2+levels and no association of Aβ oligomers with the postsynapse, which collectively may promote the maintenance of intact cognitive function.
Effect of active immunization against GnRH on testosterone concentration, libido and sperm quality in mature AI boars
Authors: Bilskis Ronaldas , Sutkeviciene Neringa , Riskeviciene Vita , Januskauskas Aloyzas , Zilinskas Henrikas 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of the Improvac on testosterone concentration in blood serum, sexual behavior and sperm quality in matured AI boars. A total of nine Danish Landrace AI boars were included in the analysis.

Methods
The trial period lasted for 15 weeks and was divided into four periods: Control period: three weeks before vaccination; Period I – four weeks after first vaccination; Period II – four weeks after second vaccination, Period III – four weeks after third vaccination. Blood and sperm samples were collected at weekly intervals. Freshly collected sperm samples were analyzed.

Results
Testosterone concentration correlated with libido (r = 0.531; p < 0.001), volume of ejaculate (r = 0.324; p < 0.001) and the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa (r = 0.207; p < 0.05). Testosterone concentration rised significantly (p < 0.05) in 5–6 week of trial, e. i. after the first dose of Improvac and after this peak the level of testosterone further progressively decreased (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Results from this study indicate that active immunization of sexually matured boars against GnRH has negative impact on testosterone concentration, sexual behavior, volume of ejaculate and total number of normal spermatozoa in ejaculate.
MicroRNA profiling of a CD133+spheroid-forming subpopulation of the OVCAR3 human ovarian cancer cell line
Authors: Nam Eun Ji , Lee Maria , Yim Ga Won , Kim Jae Hoon , Kim Sunghoon , Kim Sang Wun , Kim Young Tae 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundCancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be a source of tumor recurrence due to their stem cell-like properties. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate both normal stem cells and CSCs, and dysregulation of miRNAs has an important role in tumorigenesis. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 133+and spheroid formation have been reported to be one of the main features of ovarian CSCs. Therefore, we determined the miRNA expression profile of a CD133+spheroid-forming subpopulation of the OVCAR3 human ovarian cancer cell line.MethodsInitially, we confirmed the enrichment of the OVCAR3 CD133 subpopulation by evaluatingin vitroanchorage-independent growth. After obtaining a subpopulation of CD133+OVCAR3 cells with > 98% purity via cell sorting, miRNA microarray and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to evaluate its miRNA profile.ResultsWe found 37 differentially expressed miRNAs in the CD133+spheroid-forming subpopulation of OVCAR3 cells, 34 of which were significantly up-regulated, includingmiR-205, miR-146a, miR-200a, miR-200b, andmiR-3,and 3 of which were significantly down-regulated, includingmiR-1202andmiR-1181.ConclusionsOur results indicate that dysregulation of miRNA may play a role in the stem cell-like properties of ovarian CSCs.
A shot in the genome: how accurately do shotgun 454 sequences represent a genome?
Authors: Meglécz Emese , Pech Nicolas , Gilles André , Martin Jean-François , Gardner Michael G 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Next generation sequencing (NGS) provides a valuable method to quickly obtain sequence information from non-model organisms at a genomic scale. In principle, if sequencing is not targeted for a genomic region or sequence type (e.g. coding region, microsatellites) NGS reads can be used as a genome snapshot and provide information on the different types of sequences in the genome. However, no study has ascertained if a typical 454 dataset of low coverage (1/4-1/8 of a PicoTiter plate leading to generally less than 0.1x of coverage) represents all parts of genomes equally.

Findings
Partial genome shotgun sequencing of total DNA (without enrichment) on a 454 NGS platform was used to obtain reads of Apis mellifera (454 reads hereafter). These 454 reads were compared to the assembled chromosomes of this species in three different aspects: (i) dimer and trimer compositions, (ii) the distribution of mapped 454 sequences along the chromosomes and (iii) the numbers of different classes of microsatellites. Highly significant chi-square tests for all three types of analyses indicated that the 454 data is not a perfect random sample of the genome. Only the number of 454 reads mapped to each of the 16 chromosomes and the number of microsatellites pooled by motif (repeat unit) length was not significantly different from the expected values. However, a very strong correlation (correlation coefficients greater than 0.97) was observed between most of the 454 variables (the number of different dimers and trimers, the number of 454 reads mapped to each chromosome fragments of one Mb, the number of 454 reads mapped to each chromosome, the number of microsatellites of each class) and their corresponding genomic variables.

Conclusions
The results of chi square tests suggest that 454 shotgun reads cannot be regarded as a perfect representation of the genome especially if the comparison is done on a finer scale (e.g. chromosome fragments instead of whole chromosomes). However, the high correlation between 454 and genome variables tested indicate that a high proportion of the variability of 454 variables is explained by their genomic counterparts. Therefore, we conclude that using 454 data to obtain information on the genome is biologically meaningful.
Oncolytic adenovirus armed with IL-24 Inhibits the growth of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhu Wei , Wei Lai , Zhang Hongwei , Chen Junxue , Qin Xinyu 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 family. It can selectively induce cancer cell apoptosis which has been utilized as a cancer gene therapy strategy.

Methods
A recombinant type five adenovirus containing IL-24 gene (designated CNHK600-IL24) was constructed, whose replication is activated only in tumor cells. The replication of CNHK600-IL24 in breast tumor cells and fibroblasts were assessed by TCID50 and MTT assay; the secretion of IL-24 was measured by ELISA and western blotting. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of CNHK600-IL24 was investigated in nude mice carrying orthotopic or metastatic breast tumor.

Results
We observed that CNHK600-IL24 could replicate efficiently and resulted in high level IL-24 expression and massive cell death in human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 but not in normal fibroblast cell MRC-5. In addition, orthotopic breast tumor growth in the nude mice model was significantly suppressed when CNHK600-IL24 was administered. In the metastatic model generated by tail vein injection, CNHK600-IL24 virotherapy significantly improved survival compared with the same virus expressing EGFP (median survival CNHK600-IL24, 55 days vs. CNHK600-EGFP, 41 day, p < 0.05 Mantal-Cox test). A similar phenomenon was observed in the metastatic model achieved by left ventricular injection as suggested by in vivo luminescence imaging of tumor growth.

Conclusion
The oncolytic adenovirus armed with IL-24, which exhibited enhanced anti-tumor activity and improved survival, is a promising candidate for virotherapy of breast cancer.
Overview of ultrasound usage trends in orthopedic and sports physiotherapy
Authors: de Brito Vieira Wouber Herickson , Aguiar Kardec Alecxandro , da Silva Kimberly Moreira , Canela Pablo Miranda , da Silva Flávio Santos , Abreu Bento João 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study is to examine current beliefs about the use, the clinical importance, the theoretical fundamentals and the utilization criteria of therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) among physical therapists on the clinical practice in orthopedic and sports physiotherapy in Brazil.

Methods
A brief survey was developed based on previous studies and was sent to 55 physical therapists with advanced competency in orthopedics and sports physiotherapy. The questions addressed general topics about the professional profile and ultrasound usage and dosage.

Results
Our data show the wide availability and frequent use of TUS in this sample of physical therapists. TUS is used in distinct musculoskeletal injuries and/or disorders in both acute and chronic conditions. Muscles, tendons and ligaments represented the major structures where TUS is used. Questions on the basic theory of TUS demonstrated a lack of knowledge of the ultrasound physiological effects as well as its interaction with biological tissues and TUS absolute contraindication.

Conclusion
A Brazilian profile about the US usage and dosage in orthopedic and sports physiotherapy is presented and highlights the need for a continuous upgrading process and further research into its effects.
The 1027th target candidate in stroke: Will NADPH oxidase hold up?
Authors: Radermacher Kim A , Wingler Kirstin , Kleikers Pamela , Altenhöfer Sebastian , JR Hermans Johannes , Kleinschnitz Christoph , HHW Schmidt Harald 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
As recently reviewed, 1026 neuroprotective drug candidates in stroke research have all failed on their road towards validation and clinical translation, reasons being quality issues in preclinical research and publication bias. Quality control guidelines for preclinical stroke studies have now been established. However, sufficient understanding of the underlying mechanisms of neuronal death after stroke that could be possibly translated into new therapies is lacking. One exception is the hypothesis that cellular death is mediated by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is defined as an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from different possible enzymatic sources. Among these, NADPH oxidases (NOX1-5) stand out as they represent the only known enzyme family that has no other function than to produce ROS. Based on data from different NOX knockout mouse models in ischemic stroke, the most relevant isoform appears to be NOX4. Here we discuss the state-of-the-art of this target with respect to stroke and open questions that need to be addressed on the path towards clinical translation.
Drug therapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Müller Thomas 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Parkinson`s disease (PD) is a progressive, disabling neurodegenerative disorder with onset of motor and non-motor features. Both reduce quality of life of PD patients and cause caregiver burden. This review aims to provide a survey of possible therapeutic options for treatment of motor and non motor symptoms of PD and to discuss their relation to each other. MAO-B-Inhibitors, NMDA antagonists, dopamine agonists and levodopa with its various application modes mainly improve the dopamine associated motor symptoms in PD. This armentarium of PD drugs only partially influences the onset and occurrence of non motor symptoms. These PD features predominantly result from non dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Autonomic features, such as seborrhea, hyperhidrosis, orthostatic syndrome, salivation, bladder dysfunction, gastrointestinal disturbances, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as depression, sleep disorders, psychosis, cognitive dysfunction with impaired execution and impulse control may appear. Drug therapy of these non motor symptoms complicates long-term PD drug therapy due to possible occurrence of drug interactions, - side effects, and altered pharmacokinetic behaviour of applied compounds. Dopamine substituting compounds themselves may contribute to onset of these non motor symptoms. This complicates the differentiation from the disease process itself and influences therapeutic options, which are often limited because of additional morbidity with necessary concomitant drug therapy.
Overlapping profiles of Aβ peptides in the Alzheimer's disease and pathological aging brains
Authors: Moore Brenda D , Chakrabarty Paramita , Levites Yona , Kukar Tom L , Baine Ann-Marie , Moroni Tina , Ladd Thomas B , Das Pritam , Dickson Dennis W , Golde Todd E 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Introduction
A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of senile plaques composed of aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. Pathological aging (PA) is a postmortem classification that has been used to describe brains with plaque pathology similar in extent to AD, minimal cortical tau pathology, and no accompanying history of cognitive decline in the brain donor prior to death. PA may represent either a prodromal phase of AD, a benign form of Aβ accumulation, or inherent individual resistance to the toxic effects of Aβ accumulation. To attempt to distinguish between these possibilities we have systematically characterized Aβ peptides in a postmortem series of PA, AD and non-demented control (NDC) brains.

Methods
Aβ was sequentially extracted with tris buffered saline (TBS), radioimmunoprecipitation buffer (RIPA), 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 70% formic acid (FA) from the pre-frontal cortex of 16 AD, eight PA, and six NDC patients. These extracts were analyzed by 1) a panel of Aβ sandwich ELISAs, 2) immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP/MS) and 3) western blotting. These studies enabled us to asses Aβ levels and solubility, peptide profiles and oligomeric assemblies.

Results
In almost all extracts (TBS, RIPA, 2% SDS and 70% FA) the average levels of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, Aβ total, and Aβx-42 were greatest in AD. On average, levels were slightly lower in PA, and there was extensive overlap between Aβ levels in individual PA and AD cases. The profiles of Aβ peptides detected using IP/MS techniques also showed extensive similarity between the PA and AD brain extracts. In select AD brain extracts, we detected more amino-terminally truncated Aβ peptides compared to PA patients, but these peptides represented a minor portion of the Aβ observed. No consistent differences in the Aβ assemblies were observed by western blotting in the PA and AD groups.

Conclusions
We found extensive overlap with only subtle quantitative differences between Aβ levels, peptide profiles, solubility, and SDS-stable oligomeric assemblies in the PA and AD brains. These cross-sectional data indicate that Aβ accumulation in PA and AD is remarkably similar. Such data would be consistent with PA representing a prodromal stage of AD or a resistance to the toxic effects of Aβ.