bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel groups of Gammaproteobacteria catalyse sulfur oxidation and carbon fixation in a coastal, intertidal sediment
Authors: Lenk Sabine , Arnds Julia , Zerjatke Katrice , Musat Niculina , Amann Rudolf , Mußmann Marc 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThe oxidation of hydrogen sulfide is essential to sulfur cycling in marine habitats. However, the role of microbial sulfur oxidation in marine sediments and the microorganisms involved are largely unknown, except for the filamentous, mat‐forming bacteria. In this study we explored the diversity, abundance and activity of sulfur‐oxidizing prokaryotes (SOP) in sulfidic intertidal sediments using 16S rRNA and functional gene sequence analyses, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microautoradiography. The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that distinct clades of uncultured Gammaproteobacteria are important SOP in the tidal sediments. This was supported by the dominance of gammaproteobacterial sequences in clone libraries of genes encoding the reverse dissimilatory sulfite reductase (rDSR) and the adenosine phosphosulfate reductase (APR). Numerous sequences of all three genes grouped with uncultured autotrophic SOP. Accordingly, Gammaproteobacteria accounted for 40–70% of all 14CO2‐incorporating cells in surface sediments as shown by microautoradiography. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of all three genes consistently suggested a discrete population of SOP that was most closely related to the sulfur‐oxidizing endosymbionts of the tubeworm Oligobrachia spp. FISH showed that members of this population (WS‐Gam209 group) were abundant, reaching up to 1.3 × 108 cells ml−1 (4.6% of all cells). Approximately 25% of this population incorporated CO2, consistent with a chemolithoautotrophic metabolism most likely based on sulfur oxidation. Thus, we hypothesize that novel, gammaproteobacterial SOP attached to sediment particles may play a more important role for sulfide removal and primary production in marine sediments than previously assumed.
Developing and Utilizing Network Resources: Roles of Political Skill
Authors: Wei Li‐Qun , Chiang Flora F. T. , Wu Long‐Zeng 
Published: December 2010

abstractThis study examines the role of political skill in thedevelopmentandutilizationof network resources at the individual level. Drawing on the behavioural and network perspectives as well as political skill literature, we propose that political skill increases one's network resources (developing network), which will benefit his/her performance and career success. Moreover, political skill is hypothesized to strengthen the relationships between network resources and performance and career outcomes (utilizing network). A two‐wave study on a sample of 281 supervisor–subordinate dyads from six electronic firms in China confirms our hypotheses. Our examination of the dual role of political skill facilitates a better understanding of the networking process from the perspective of individual skill/behaviour, thus enriching the behavioural theory and network literature. Implications are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.
THE ETHICS OF IMPOSSIBLE AND POSSIBLE CHANGES TO HUMAN NATURE
Authors: MURPHY TIMOTHY F. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTSome commentators speak freely about genetics being poised to change human nature. Contrary to such rhetoric, Norman Daniels believes no such thing is plausible since ‘nature’ describes characteristic traits of human beings as a whole. Genetic interventions that do their work one individual at a time are unlikely to change the traits of human beings as a class. Even so, one can speculate about ways in which human beings as a whole could be genetically altered, and there is nothing about that venture that could not be deliberated in the way other high‐impact questions can be evaluated. There might well come a time when it would be defensible to use genetics to change human beings as a class, in order to protect people in the face of changed environmental circumstances or to enhance existing capacities. Moreover, if one understands human nature not in an empirically descriptive way but in a metaphysical way having implications about human behavior, it can make sense to talk about de‐naturing individuals through genetic changes. Even under a metaphysical conception of human nature, however, one can still imagine that people in the future might want to alter their traits in pursuit of another normative idea of a good and valuable life, and genetic modifications might function as a pathway to that change.
INTENSIVE CARE TRIAGE: PRIORITY SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT OF WHETHER PATIENTS ARE ALREADY RECEIVING INTENSIVE CARE
Authors: HOPE TONY , MCMILLAN JOHN , HILL ELAINE 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTIntensive care units (ICUs) are not always able to admit all patients who would benefit from intensive care. Pressure on ICU beds is likely to be particularly high during times of epidemics such as might arise in the case of swine influenza. In making choices as to which patients to admit, the key US guidelines state that significant priority should be given to the interests of patients who are already in the ICU over the interests of patients who would benefit from intensive care but who have not been admitted. We examine four reasons that in principle might justify such a prioritization rule and conclude that none is convincing. We argue that the current location of patients should not, in principle, affect their priority for intensive care. We show, however, that under some but not all circumstances, maximizing lives saved by intensive care might require continuing to treat in the ICU a patient already admitted rather than transferring that patient out of the unit in order to admit a sicker patient who would also benefit more from intensive care. We conclude that further modelling is required in order to clarify what practical policies would maximize lives saved by intensive care.
METHODOLOGICAL CHOICES IN KELSEY'S ECCENTRIC EXISTENCE
Authors: THIEL JOHN E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article explores the methodological choices that shape David Kelsey's magnum opus Eccentric Existence: A Theological Anthropology (2009). These choices are explicit, and elucidated by Kelsey primarily in the introductory sections of this work. Considered in turn are Kelsey's rejection of a modern, apologetical approach to the theological task, his recovery of a premodern commitment to explaining the logic of beliefs rather than the logic of coming to belief, his explication of theological anthropology through a God‐centered, Trinitarian, understanding of the biblical plot, and his decision to elucidate the human person theologically through an appreciation of the canonical Wisdom literature, which valorizes humanity's created goodness. It concludes by assessing Kelsey's project as an unsystematic systematic theology, a notion he develops as well in his earlier Imagining Redemption (2005).
Staff beliefs about why people with learning disabilities self‐harm: a Q‐methodology study
Authors: Dick Katie , Gleeson Kate , Johnstone Lucy , Weston Clive 
Published: December 2010

Accessible summary

Staff beliefs about why people with learning disabilities self‐harm are important because they can affect the way that staff respond to the behaviour.
Staff who work with people with learning disabilities said why they think people with learning disabilities self‐harm.
Staff had many different views on why people with learning disabilities self‐harm. Staff thought that people with learning disabilities self‐harm because they are distressed. Some staff said it is difficult to understand why people with learning disabilities self‐harm. Some staff said people self‐harm because of their learning disabilities.
It would be useful for staff to receive more training about self‐harm. This could improve care for people with learning disabilities who self‐harm.

SummaryStaff beliefs about self‐harm can influence staff responses to the behaviour. Existing research into staff beliefs about self‐harm by people with learning disabilities is limited, with qualitative research restricted to forensic services. The aim of this study was to use Q‐methodology to explore staff beliefs about why people with learning disabilities self‐harm. Five distinct viewpoints were identified: self‐harm is individual, complex and emotionally meaningful; self‐harm is a means to communicate distress, whether or not you have learning disabilities; self‐harm is difficult to understand but seems to be a way to modify emotional states; self‐harm is a result of having learning disabilities and being different; and self‐harm is meaningful within relationships. These viewpoints represent the variety of theories and discussions in the literature. It is proposed that some of these viewpoints may result in more helpful responses to self‐harm than others. Therefore, further staff training that promotes skills in developing a comprehensive and individual understanding of self‐harm is recommended.
The combination of primary sclerosing cholangitis and CCR5‐Δ32 in recipients is strongly associated with the development of nonanastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation
Authors: op den Dries Sanna , Buis Carlijn I. , Adelmeijer Jelle , Van der Jagt Eric J. , Haagsma Elizabeth B. , Lisman Ton , Porte Robert J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground: The role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of nonanastomotic biliary strictures (NAS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is unclear. A loss‐of‐function mutation in the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5‐Δ32) leads to changes in the immune system, including impaired chemotaxis of regulatory T cells.Aim: To investigate the impact of the CCR5‐Δ32 mutation on the development of NAS.Methods: In 384 OLTs, we assessed the CCR5 genotype in donors and recipients and correlated this with the occurrence of NAS.Results: The CCR5‐Δ32 allele was found in 65 (16.9%) recipients. The cumulative incidence of NAS at 5 years was 6.5% in wild‐type (Wt) recipients vs 17.2% for carriers of the CCR5‐Δ32 allele (P<0.01). In recipients with CCR5‐Δ32, 50% of all NAS occurred >2 years after OLT, compared with 10% in the Wt group. In multivariate regression analysis, the adjusted risk of developing NAS was four‐fold higher in recipients with CCR5‐Δ32 (P<0.01). The highest risk of NAS was seen in patients transplanted for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), who also carried CCR5‐Δ32 (relative risk 5.4, 95% confidence interval 2.2–12.9; P<0.01). Donor CCR5 genotype had no impact on the occurrence of NAS.Conclusions: Patients with the CCR5‐Δ32 mutation have a four‐fold higher risk of developing NAS, compared with Wt recipients. This risk is even higher in patients with CCR5‐Δ32 transplanted for PSC. Late development of NAS is significantly more present in patients with CCR5‐Δ32. These data suggest that the immune system plays a critical role in the development of NAS after OLT.
Model for blood collections management
Authors: Lowalekar Harshal , Ravichandran N. 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND: A typical blood bank gets its major supply of blood from organizing blood donation camps. The quantity of blood collected in the blood donation drives is random and it might be sensible to cut off the supply at some level to reduce the wastages by overcollection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this paper we introduce two new cutoff level policies and compare their performance with the policy of collecting all the available supply at blood collection drives, which is quite prevalent among the blood banks. We develop a simulation model for collection that enables such comparison on the basis of shortages, wastages, and total costs.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results obtained from the simulation model for a real‐life situation show that the cutoff level policies are better than the unrestricted collection policy in controlling total costs. They also result in less wastage in the system for a given level of shortages.
Catheter Ablation of Focal Atrial Tachycardia from the Aortic Cusp: The Role of Electroanatomic Mapping and Intracardiac Echocardiography
Authors: MLČOCHOVÁ HANKA , WICHTERLE DAN , PEICHL PETR , KAUTZNER JOSEF 
Published: December 2010

Catheter ablation of periatrioventricular (peri‐AV) nodal atrial tachycardias (AT) from the noncoronary aortic cusp (NCC) can be challenging due to the close proximity of the AV node In such cases, intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) together with three‐dimensional mapping system can be helpful in guiding the ablation catheter and in assessing the anatomic relationship of the aorta to the surrounding structures. We report two patients with AT originating near the AV node who underwent successful catheter ablation from the NCC. ICE proved useful in positioning the ablation catheter within the aortic cusps. Electroanatomic mapping enabled tagging the earliest activation site and renavigation back.(PACE 2013; 36:e19–e22)
Plasma osteoprotegerin levels are decreased in smoker chronic periodontitis patients
Authors: Özçaka Ö , Nalbantsoy A , Köse T , Buduneli N 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in smoker versus non‐smoker chronic periodontitis patients.Methods: Plasma samples were obtained from 13 smoker and 31 non‐smoker systemically healthy chronic periodontitis patients, as well as 13 smoker and 29 non‐smoker systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. Before commencing any periodontal intervention, venous blood samples were obtained and whole‐mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. sRANKL and OPG concentrations in plasma samples were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data were tested statistically by student’s t test, Wilcoxon matched pairs test, and Spearman’s correlation analysis.Results:  All clinical periodontal measurements were significantly higher in chronic periodontitis groups than the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Smoker and non‐smoker chronic periodontitis patients exhibited similar values in all clinical periodontal measurements and plasma sRANKL, OPG concentrations (p > 0.05). Smoker chronic periodontitis patients exhibited significantly lower (p = 0.007) plasma OPG concentrations and higher sRANKL/OPG ratio (p = 0.01) than smoker healthy controls.Conclusions:  Within the limits of this study, periodontal inflammation in smoker chronic periodontitis patients seems to lower plasma osteoprotegerin levels and thereby increase the RANKL/OPG ratio, and possibly play a role in the increased susceptibility for alveolar bone destruction in smoker subjects.
Patterns of soft drink consumption and primary tooth extractions in Queensland children
Authors: Slater PJ , Gkolia PP , Johnson HL , Thomas AR 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  The authors examined the association of patterns of soft drink consumption and primary tooth extractions in Queensland children aged 12 years or less.Methods:  Data were gathered through the Child Health Surveys conducted by Queensland Health in 2003 and 2008. The analysis allowed for various demographic characteristics using logistic regression analysis.Results:  The data in both surveys showed an increased risk of tooth extraction in children who had a greater frequency and amount of soft drink consumption, and those that consumed soft drink between meals. In 2008, the percentage of children that had soft drink daily or several times a week had decreased, with an increase in those that never had soft drink.Conclusions:  To reduce the risk of primary tooth extraction due to decay, this paper recommends the continuing moderation of soft drink consumption frequency and the consumption of soft drinks with, rather than between, meals.
Intrusion of an overerupted mandibular molar using mini‐screws and mini‐implants: a case report
Authors: Arslan A , Ozdemir D Nalbantgil , Gursoy‐Mert H , Malkondu O , Sencift K 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOvereruption of mandibular molars due to the loss of antagonist teeth causes occlusal functional disturbances. To restore proper occlusion, intrusion of the overerupted molars becomes essential before multidisciplinary reconstructive dental approaches can be initiated. Treatment protocols involving prosthodontic reduction, surgical impaction, and conventional orthodontic intrusion have been introduced. Orthodontic intrusion seems to be a favourable procedure which requires calibrated anchorage support. This case illustrates the management of a complex dental and functional problem with an interdisciplinary approach through the use of orthodontic, periodontal, restorative and implant therapy. In order to intrude the overerupted molar, a partial orthodontic appliance was used in conjunction with mini‐implants and mini‐screws. The results showed that the biological responses of the teeth and the surrounding bony structures to the intrusion appeared normal and acceptable. Periodontal health and vitality of the teeth were maintained throughout the treatment and even after one‐year follow‐up.
Treatment of periodontal disease for glycaemic control in people with diabetes
Authors: Simpson TC , Needleman I , Wild SH , Moles DR , Mills EJ 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  Glycaemic control is a key issue in the care of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Some studies have suggested a bidirectional relationship between glycaemic control and periodontal disease.Objectives:  To investigate the relationship between periodontal therapy and glycaemic control in people with diabetes and to identify the appropriate future strategy for this question.Search strategy:  A comprehensive approach was adopted employing handsearching; searching of electronic databases including the Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ZETOC, ISI Web of Knowledge and LILACS; contact with appropriate non‐English language healthcare professionals; authors and organizations. The final date for searching for studies was 24 March 2010.Selection criteria:  This review studied randomized controlled trials of people with Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with a diagnosis of periodontitis. Suitable interventions included mechanical periodontal therapy with or without adjunctives and oral hygiene education.Data collection and analysis:  The titles and abstracts of 690 papers were examined by two review authors independently. Ultimately, seven studies were included and 19 excluded after full text scrutiny. All trials were assessed for risk of bias.Main results:  Three studies had results pooled into a meta‐analysis. The effect for the mean percentage difference in HbA1c for scaling/root planing and oral hygiene (+/− antibiotic therapy) versus no treatment/usual treatment after 3–4 months was −0.40% (95% confidence interval (CI) fixed effect −0.78% to −0.01%), representing a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c (P = 0.04) for scaling/root planing.One study was assessed as being at low risk of bias with the other two at moderate to high risk of bias. A subgroup analysis examined studies without adjunctive antibiotics −0.80% (one study: 95% CI −1.73% to 0.13%; P = 0.09), with adjunctive antibiotics in the test group −0.36% (one study: 95% CI −0.83% to 0.11%; P = 0.14), and with antibiotics in both test and control groups after 3/4 months −0.15% (one study: 95% CI −1.04% to 0.74%; P = 0.74).Authors’ conclusions:  There is some evidence of improvement in metabolic control in people with diabetes, after treating periodontal disease. There are few studies available and individually these lacked the power to detect a significant effect. Most of the participants in the study had poorly controlled Type 2 DM with little data from randomized trials on the effects on people with Type 1 DM.
An Analytical Complete Model of Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing Considering Pivot Stiffness and Damping
Authors: Yan Zhiyong , Lu Yi , Zheng Tiesheng 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Considering the freedom of pad tilting and pad translation along preload orientation, an analytical complete model, as well as mathematical method, which contains 2n+2 degrees of freedom, is presented for calculating the dynamical characteristics of tilting-pad journal bearing. Based on the motion relationship of shaft and pad, the local coordinate system, the generalized displacement, and the generalized force vector are chosen. The concise transformation of generalized displacement, generalized force, and its Jacobian matrix between the local and global coordinate systems are built up in matrix form. A fast algorithm using the Newton–Raphson method for calculating the equilibrium position of journal and pads is proposed. The eight reduced stiffness and damping coefficients can be obtained assuming that the journal and all pads are subject to harmonic vibration. Numerical results show that the reduced damping coefficients and the threshold speed can be effectively enhanced by giving suitable pad pivot stiffness and damping simultaneously, and this analytical method can be applied to analyze dynamical behavior of the tilting-pad journal bearing rotor system.
Artemisone Uptake in
Plasmodium falciparum
-Infected Erythrocytes
Authors: Pooley Sophie , Fatih Farrah A. , Krishna Sanjeev , Gerisch Michael , Haynes Richard K. , Wong Ho-Ning , Staines Henry M. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Artemisone is one of the most promising artemisinin derivatives in clinical trials. Previous studies with radiolabeled artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin have measured uptake in
Plasmodium falciparum
-infected erythrocytes. Uptake is much greater in infected than in uninfected erythrocytes, but the relative contributions of transport, binding, and metabolism to this process still await definition. In this study, we characterized mechanisms by which [
14
C]artemisone is taken up into uninfected and
P. falciparum
-infected human erythrocytes
in vitro
. Radiolabeled artemisone rapidly enters uninfected erythrocytes without much exceeding extracellular concentrations. Unlabeled artemisone does not compete in this process. Radiolabeled artemisone is concentrated greatly by a time- and temperature-dependent mechanism in infected erythrocytes. This uptake is abrogated by unlabeled artemisone. In addition, the uptake of artemisone into three subcellular fractions, and its distribution into these fractions, is examined as a function of parasite maturation. These data are relevant to an understanding of the mechanisms of action of this important class of drugs.