bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soybean oil emulsion stabilized by phosphatidylcholine and whey protein isolate: impact on interfacial properties, physicochemical characteristics, and digestive properties
Authors: Ma Ming-Yang , Wu Fei-Yang , Xu Yun-Peng , Kong Fan-Hua , Mu Guang-Qing , Qian Fang , Zhu Xue-Mei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Liquid formula is a research hotspot of infant formula milk, but how to increase the physicochemical stability while maintaining the activity of nutritional components is a key bottleneck in product development. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and whey protein isolate (WPI) are important components of infant formula, the effect of PC on the properties of WPI stable emulsion remains to be clarified. When the concentration of PC is 0.3 %, a solid intermolecular network is established, which enhances the elasticity and viscosity of the emulsion and has the best oxidation stability and storage stability. 0.3 % PC reduced the flocculation during digestion, and increased the digestibility of protein and fat (27.64 % and 82.45 %). In this study, compound emulsifier (WPI-PC) was used to establish a stable emulsion system, which provided reference for the development and utilization of functional dairy products.
Public History and Emancipatory Politics in Transition: From the Anti-Apartheid Struggle to Democracy in South Africa
Authors: Nieftagodien Noor 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The expansion of public history in the context of the ‘decolonial turn’ has generated conversations about the potential productive and mutually constitutive relations between the two. While recognizing that there is no predetermined connection between public history and emancipatory politics, this paper focuses on the strand in public history associated with movements of anti-colonization and decolonialization. In particular contexts, the ideas and practices of public history can present as acts of resistance, of which there are numerous examples. The focus here is on South Africa where the emergence of people’s history (an early instantiation of public history) was closely associated with the anti-apartheid struggle, itself a late instance of decolonization. People’s history proliferated during the 1980s and was both separately and co-produced by progressive scholars at some universities and activists in the internal liberation movements. The paper examines the evolution of the articulation of public history and emancipatory politics, from the anti-apartheid struggle to the democratic era, with particular reference to universities. Whereas the latter were important sites for the expansion of public history until the early 2000s, the adoption by university managements of corporatist models has reinforced hierarchical relations between institutions of higher learning and outside publics, thus narrowing the scope for the practice of a public history that seeks to maintain and grow its connection to emancipatory politics and movements.
Teaching mental processes to EFL learners: a blended-learning proposal
Authors: Arús-Hita Jorge 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper intends to offer a practical case of application of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to Foreign Language Teaching (FLT). While there is research offering very interesting insights for the application of SFL to Foreign and Second Language teaching contexts, none of it provides a straightforward application of SFL to the actual design of lessons. The proposal first focuses on how to create a text that contains the lexicogrammar object of study of the lesson. After this, and using the VLE (Virtual Learning Environment) Moodle, a series of activities are proposed, moving from more guided to more open-ended, all of them driven by the didactic exploitation of the lexicogrammar of mental processes. The proposal integrates SFL theory into the explanation of the lesson’s (lexico)grammatical goals. As part of this, the convenience of using system networks in FLT, e.g. the system network of mental clauses, is discussed.
A spectrometric analysis of variedly purified cinnabar in a siddha drug – linga chendhooram
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Shivani , Sivaraj Baskaran , Pattabiraman Hariharan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
A siddha drug, linga chendhooram was prepared from cinnabar (lingam) and Citrullus colocynthis L. The transition of heavy metals concentration throughout the process were analysed to comprehend the significance of drug preparatory methods. In addition to that the main constituent cinnabar was purified from two different methods to comparatively analyse the significance of purification methods.

Methods
Atomic absorption spectrometric studies were employed to obtain the concentration of class I heavy metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury) in all five samples – raw cinnabar (R), cinnabar purified (P1 and P2) from purification method 1 and 2, linga chendhooram (D1 and D2) prepared from P1 and P2.

Results
Based on the permissible limits given by The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, except cadmium the concentrations of all other three heavy metals were found to be above the limit in P1, P2, D1 and D2. According to the oral Permitted Daily Exposure values for elemental impurities given in ICH Q3D(R1) Guidelines, D1 was within the permissible limits for both single and double oral doses whereas D2 showed a slight increase in the concentration of lead in a single oral dose itself.

Conclusions
The drug preparatory method showed a reduction of the heavy metals concentration and comparative analysis of the purification methods revealed a substantial reduction of heavy metals concentration in the end drug D1 when compared with D2 showing that the methods of purification and drug preparation in siddha system plays a vital role in reducing the concentrations of heavy metals accordingly.
Safety First or Saving Lives? How Medical Responders Would Decide when Facing an Active Violent Incident. Results from an Explorative Cross-National Survey
Authors: Ellebrecht Nils , Joval Anna , Kaplan Tomer , Wacht Oren , Weinstein Eric S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In recent years, public authorities and rescue services have been discussing how Medical First Responders (MFRs) should behave in an Active Violent Incident (AVI) where it is necessary to weigh up self-protection and the rescuing of others. The aim of this exploratory study is to generate a preliminary picture of how European MFRs position themselves on this and related questions. With the help of a network of experts, an AVI scenario and accompanying questionnaire were developed and pretested. A refined version was then distributed among MFRs in eight European countries and Israel. We performed descriptive statistics and tested for significant differences among the participating countries. 1164 MFRs completed the survey. In the absence of police protection, a majority of respondents opted against providing immediate casualty care (56.6 %). Under certain circumstances, however, the rest decided in favour. More than 65.5 % did not fear disciplinary or legal consequences for not providing assistance immediately. Even with police protection, one in ten respondents would still not enter a “yellow zone”, one in four would leave this to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) units specifically trained for such operations. While there are very few strong contrasts between MFRs with different work experience, roles (supervisor/instructor) or additional qualifications (e.g., firefighting, military service), there are significant differences between MFRs from participating countries. Most notably, (1) only Norwegian participants identified, on average, a clear paradigm shift from “safety first” to “controlled risk taking”; (2) while 69.8 % of the Austrian cohort were unwilling to enter without being escorted by the police, among Norwegians MFRs the figure was 42.7 %; (3) the question whether “weapons” are “useful” equipment in such a scenario is particularly divisive (ranging from 14.3 % of German to 58.9 % of Israeli respondents). Although most of the questions were answered in the same way by a large majority, significant differences can be observed, especially between countries. We offer various explanations for these and discuss whether MFRs can actually remain passive given the situational normative forces inherent to an AVI.
Power and efficient power optimization of one-qubit Novikov quantum heat engines with an external dissipative heat leak
Authors: Fernández Julio Juan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We optimize one-qubit Novikov quantum heat engines with a dissipative heat leak using the formalisms of open-system Quantum Mechanics and the Finite-Time Thermodynamics. We show that the leak changes the power-efficiency and the efficient-power-efficiency curves, reduces the maximum efficiency of the machine and does not change its power. We also discuss the effects of the leak on the power that is rejected from the machine to the environment. Finally, we study the high-temperature limit to check that the engine reduces in this limit to a classic Novikov heat engine.
Performance and energy efficiency enhancement of existing optical communication systems by incorporating resource allocation on demand technique in FiWi networks
Authors: Raman Nitin Kali , Saini Himanshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fiber-wireless (FiWi) networks have begun to be fully integrated into contemporary optical access network systems as a result of utilizing the combined advantages of wired and wireless techniques. Passive optical networks (PON) are heavy energy consumers and one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) that are a result of climate change. These systems also present economic challenges. In this work, three different FiWi systems are presented such as (i) even/odd active transmitters with only free space optical (FSO) based optical network units (ONUs)/with dual channel option such as distribution fiber (DF)/FSO supported ONUs, (ii) a novel resource allocation on demand (RAoD) incorporated bidirectional FiWi system supporting DF/FSO based ONUs and four wave mixing (FWM) generated upstream wavelengths and (iii) transmitter diversity enabled 5G supported FiWi system supporting bidirectional communication. It is observed that the energy efficiency of 26.04 % is obtained in even/odd active transmitter and only FSO supported ONUs and under the harsh weather conditions, by adopting DF channel instead of FSO, 30 % energy efficiency further added. However, in novel RAoD technique, energy efficiencies for optical distribution networks (ODN1), ODN2, ODN3, and ODN4 are 48.52 %, 46.4 %, 36.96 %, and 44.31 %. Further, DF option in channel selection improve 30 % more energy saving. In performance enhanced transmitter diversity employed system, at 60 km reduction in bit error rate (BER) are 25 % for ODN1, 5.88 % for ODN2, 20 % for ODN3, and 12.5 % for ODN3.
Food insecurity and childhood outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis of 2016–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health data
Authors: Elenwo Covenant , Fisch Claudia , Hendrix-Dicken Amy , Coffey Sara , Wetherill Marianna S. , Hartwell Micah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
Racial inequalities across social determinants of health (SDOHs) are often influenced by discriminatory policies that reinforce systems that further uphold these disparities. There is limited data describing the influence of food insecurity (FI) on childhood racial discrimination.

Objectives
Our objective was to determine if the likelihood of experiencing racial discrimination was exacerbated by FI.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) to extract data on childhood racial discrimination and food security. We extracted sociodemographic variables to utilize as controls and constructed logistic regression models to determine associations, via odds ratios (ORs), between food security and whether the child experienced racial discrimination.

Results
We found statistically significant associations between experiencing FI and childhood racial discrimination. Individuals who experienced food shortages were significantly more likely to experience racial discrimination compared to those without food limitations when controlling for race, food voucher usage, age, and % federal poverty guidelines (FPG, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.34; 95 % CI: 2.69–4.14).

Conclusions
Our study found that parents of minority children all reported high rates of racial discrimination, which was exacerbated by concurrent FI. Children of families that were the most food insecure reported the highest percentage of racial discrimination at 11.13 %, compared with children who always had enough nutritious meals to eat at 2.87 %. Acknowledging the intersection that exists between FI, race, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES), might be a way forward in addressing the adverse health effects experienced by food-insecure children and adults.
Effect of niobium addition on the microstructure and wear properties of mechanical alloyed Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy
Authors: Yavuzer Bekir , Türkmen Mustafa , Bıçakçı Ünal , Özyürek Dursun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, the influence of the addition of Nb in varying amounts (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt.%) to Cu–14Al–4Ni shape memory alloy on the microstructure and wear behavior of the alloy was investigated. Cu–Al–Ni-xNb alloys were produced from elemental powders using the mechanical alloying (MA) method. The microstructures of the produced samples were examined using SEM + EDS and XRD, and density and hardness measurements were performed. For the wear tests of Cu–14Al–4Ni and alloys containing different amounts of Nb, a pin-on-disk type wear testing device was used with three different loads (10 N, 20 N, and 30 N) and five different sliding distances (400 m, 800 m, 1,200 m, 1,600 m, and 2000 m). As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that an increase in the Nb content resulted in a decrease in the average grain size and a more homogeneous grain size distribution. The highest hardness and density values were measured in the alloy with 2 wt.% Nb addition. In the wear tests, it was observed that the friction coefficients decreased with increasing load, and the lowest wear rate was achieved in the alloy with 2 wt.% Nb addition.
Conditions for the existence of soliton solutions: An analysis of coefficients in the generalized Wu–Zhang system and generalized Sawada–Kotera model
Authors: Banikhalid Mohammed , Azmi Amirah , Alquran Marwan , Ali Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Exploring nonlinear equations and systems with predetermined coefficient values constrains the depth of understanding of the dynamics inherent in various applications and phenomena represented by such equations. On the contrary, exploration of nonlinear models with free coefficients offers avenues for improved development and ongoing refinement. In light of this, this study aimed to reassess the Wu–Zhang (WZ) system and Sawada–Kotera (SK) model by introducing arbitrary coefficients. Our goal is to identify the constraints necessary to ensure the existence of soliton solutions. Through the application of two distinct approaches, namely, the sine–cosine function method and tanh–coth expansion method, we systematically examine the conditions that facilitate the emergence of solitons within the WZ system and SK model. The insights gained from this analysis are supported by the presentation of 2D and 3D plots, providing a visual depiction of the propagation characteristics exhibited by the obtained solutions. The findings of the current work on conditions for the existence of soliton solutions for both generalized Wu–Zhang and generalized Sawada–Kotera models are novel and presented here for the first time.
A coarse-grained Poisson–Nernst–Planck model for polyelectrolyte-modified nanofluidic diodes
Authors: Li Zhe , Mao Chaowu , Cao Liuxuan , Miao Huifang , Li Lijuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Polyelectrolyte (PE)-modified synthetic nanopores have gained substantial research attention because molecular modification promotes ion gating and rectification. However, theoretical research on PE-modified nanopores is relatively scarce because it is difficult to establish an elaborate model for PEs, and it accordingly causes a trade-off between the computational resources needed and the accuracy. Therefore, an appropriate simulation method for the PE-modified nanopore is in high demand and still an enormous challenge. Herein, we report the simulation result of ion transport through PE-modified nanopores through a coarse-grained Poisson–Nernst–Planck method. By modeling the stuffed PE molecules as PE particles in a well-established continuum model, adequate computational accuracy can be achieved with acceptable computational cost. Based on this model, we study the ion transport in PE-modified nanofluidic diodes and reveal the PE around ion selectivity, which can explain the previous experimental works. Intriguingly, we found that the ion enrichment state in the nanofluidic diode is sensitive to steric hindrance and charge distribution near the heterojunction region. This property is critical for the ion transport behavior in the PE-modified nanofluidic diodes. Based on this property, we predict a heterogeneous structure that can realize the single molecule response to charged analytes. These findings provide insights for understanding the ion transport in PE-modified nanofluidic systems and bring inspiration to the design and optimization of high-performance chemical sensors.
Keine Frage, keine Antwort
Authors: Nagel Christiane 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Wissenschaft ist geprägt durch Ausdifferenzierungs- und Pluralisierungsprozesse, wodurch konkrete Forschung in Ansatz und Reichweite immer fokussierter und partikularer wird. Eine solche Spezialisierung ist einerseits sehr wünschenswert, birgt aber gerade für den in Disziplinen agierenden Diskurs bzw. das System Wissenschaft gewisse Schwierigkeiten in sich. Mit dem Ruf nach mehr Interdisziplinarität versucht Wissenschaft und die auf sie angewiesene Gesellschaft zu reagieren. Interdisziplinarität braucht aber klare Disziplinarität. Vor diesem Hintergrund will dieser Beitrag ein Angebot machen, Disziplinen nicht über bestimmte Gegenstände, Methoden oder Perspektiven zu definieren, sondern diskursstrukturell zu denken – als über ihre Fragestellung auf der Meta-Ebene identifizierbare Diskurse.
Spirituelle Theologie: Eine Theologie des mündigen Christentums
Authors: Avakian Sylvie 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel vertrete ich die These, dass die christliche spirituelle Theologie das Potenzial hat, die Theologie eines mündigen Christentums zu sein. Um meine These zu belegen, stelle ich das theologische Denken des libanesisch-orthodoxen Bischofs George Khodr vor, der neben den theologischen Beiträgen der frühen griechischen Kirchenväter und auch Gedanken vieler westlicher und östlicher Denker und Theologen, deren Beiträge im Laufe der Geschichte für Spiritualität stehen, in sein Denken integriert hat. Die christliche spirituelle Theologie ist also eine Theologie, die auf einer Einsicht und Erkenntnis beruht, die das Ergebnis eines originellen, kreativen Denkens ist, dessen Grund im Menschen selbst liegt. Die spirituelle Theologie ist auch existentiell und kann als anthropologische Theologie wahrgenommen werden, da sie das ganze Engagement der Person erfordert und die menschliche Suche nach dem Göttlichen zum Ausgangspunkt hat. Und schließlich hat die spirituelle Theologie das Kreuz in ihrem Zentrum, was bedeutet, dass ihr Endziel auch der Geist ist, in dem und durch den die Einheit des Menschlichen und des Göttlichen möglich wird.
Factors affecting coffee farmers’ access to financial institutions: The case of Bandung Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Karyani Tuti , Djuwendah Endah , Mubarok Syariful , Supriyadi Ery 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The development of coffee plants in Indonesia shows increasingly rapid growth to meet both domestic and foreign needs. However, certain farmers are yet to fully utilize their cultivation technology and market opportunities by employing post-harvest techniques to enhance value addition, primarily because of limited access to farming capital. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the potential sources of farming capital and determinant factors in choosing farming sources. In this experiment, the population of coffee farmers in the Pangalengan Subdistrict was surveyed. The sampling method was a proportional random sampling technique based on 235 respondents. To answer the first objective, descriptive analysis was used, while logit regression analysis was carried out for the second objective. The results showed that most farmers (54.66%) depended on internal capital, while the rest used external capital such as banks (28.39%), non-banks (1.69%), and non-formal financial institutions (15.25%). Characteristics of informal non-financial institutions, especially unsecured loans, include repayment in the form of coffee or money, with repayment terms typically set at harvest time. Conversely, formal institutions offer loans with an interest rate of 9% per annum, requiring collateral in the form of securities, and repayment is typically made on a monthly or quarterly basis. In short, factors influencing farmers in accessing credit from financial institutions are the farmer’s age, number of coffee trees, distance to financial institutions, coffee farming income, education, and credit payment deadlines.
Water desalination, and energy consumption applications of 2D nano materials: hexagonal boron nitride, graphenes, and quantum dots
Authors: Khan Shahab , Rahman Faizan Ur , Ullah Inam , Khan Salman , Gul Zarif , Sadiq Fazal , Ahmad Tufail , Shakil Hussain Sayed M. , Ali Ijaz , Israr Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, we explore the role of nanotechnology in addressing water scarcity through water desalination. The scope of nanotechnology in water treatment is discussed, emphasizing the potential of 2D nanomaterials such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), graphene, and quantum dots in revolutionizing desalination technologies. Various water desalination techniques, including membrane distillation (MD), solar-powered multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), and multi-effect distillation (MED), are analyzed in the context of nanomaterial applications. The review highlights the energy-intensive nature of conventional water treatment methods and underscores nanomaterials’ potential to enhance efficiency and sustainability in water desalination processes. Challenges facing desalination, such as scalability and environmental impact, are acknowledged, setting the stage for future research directions.
Reimagining Antitrust Institutions: A (Modest?) Proposal
Authors: Ginsburg Douglas H. , Wright Joshua D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It is always an appropriate time to reevaluate, reexamine, and question the optimal scope and shape of antitrust institutions. In this article we ask whether the complex current distribution of competition functions in the U.S. can be improved by some reorganization or other reform. We answer in the affirmative and propose a number of improvements – perhaps the most significant being consolidating the competition functions of the FTC into the Antitrust Division and stripping the FCC of authority independently to review mergers, as it did in view of the similarly poor performance of the DOT when reviewing airline mergers. Our more general proposal with the authority of sectoral regulators over competition should not be overlooked, however; it would do much good with little or no downside.