bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the Short Weekly Calendar Planning Activity in patients with Parkinson disease and nonmanifesting LRRK2 and GBA carriers
Authors: Schejter‐Margalit Tamara , Binyamin Noam Ben , Thaler Avner , Maidan Inbal , Cedarbaum Jesse M. , Orr‐Urtreger Avi , Gana Weisz Mali , Goldstein Orly , Giladi Nir , Mirelman Anat , Kizony Rachel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeSubtle executive dysfunction is common in people newly diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD), even when general cognitive abilities are intact. This study examined the Short Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA‐10)'s known‐group construct validity, comparing persons with PD to healthy controls (HCs) and nonmanifesting carriers of LRRK2 and GBA gene mutations to HCs. Additionally, convergent and ecological validity was examined.MethodsThe study included 73 participants: 22 with idiopathic PD (iPD) who do not carry any of the founder GBA mutations or LRRK2‐G2019S, 29 nonmanifesting carriers of the G2019S‐LRRK2 (n = 14) and GBA (n = 15) mutations, and 22 HCs. Known‐group validity was determined using the WCPA‐10, convergent validity by also using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Color Trails Test (CTT), and ecological validity by using the WCPA‐10, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale (SE ADL), and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE).ResultsKnown‐group validity of the WCPA‐10 was established for the iPD group only; they followed fewer rules (p = 0.020), were slower (p = 0.003) and less efficient (p = 0.001), used more strategies (p = 0.017) on the WCPA‐10, and achieved significantly lower CTT scores (p < 0.001) than the HCs. The nonmanifesting carriers and HCs were similar on all cognitive tests. Convergent and ecological validity of the WCPA‐10 were partially established, with few correlations between WCPA‐10 outcome measures and the MoCA (r = 0.50, r = 0.41), CTT‐2 (r = 0.43), SE ADL (r = 0.41), and PASE (r = 0.54, r = 0.46, r = 0.31).ConclusionsThis study affirms the known‐group validity for most (four) WCPA‐10 scores and partially confirms its convergent and ecological validity for PD.
Horizon scan survey to identify key research questions to promote sustainability of the marine recreational fishery in Namibia
Authors: Gusha Natanah M. C. , Wilhelm Margit R. , Bova Christopher S. , Engelhard Georg H. , Hyder Kieran , Potts Warren M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecreational fishing is popular worldwide, but many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are experiencing increased participation and reduced catches. Like other LMICs, the recreational fishery in Namibia is facing concerns regarding its sustainability. Empirical evidence suggested limited knowledge of the fish and fishery as one plausible cause. Herein, we used a horizon scan survey to identify critical questions by anglers and decision makers to facilitate sustainable and adaptive management strategies. Of 115 questions and concerns raised by 59 stakeholders, including fisheries managers, anglers (specialists and non‐specialists), and scientists, 58 of the top research questions were organised within 11 high‐priority themes, including: governance; human dimensions; regulatory actions; compliance; knowledge of fish populations; resource monitoring and data acquisition; angler outreach, education, and engagement; competing sectors/groups; bioeconomics; catch‐and‐release practises and perceived threats. Questions raised by non‐specialist anglers differed from those raised by specialist anglers and scientists, which highlighted the potential importance of integrating fisher ecological knowledge into fishery management. Although questions were in the context of recreational fisheries, we recommend that some of the themes identified herein may be applicable to other LMICs and may also improve understanding of other fisheries, such as small‐scale or commercial fisheries.
Do progression rates of initial and moderate caries lesions and sound surfaces of primary teeth increase significantly after 7 years?
Authors: Brondani Bruna , Knorst Jessica K. , Emmanuelli Bruno , Gasperini Mariana R. C. , Braga Mariana M. , Ardenghi Thiago M. , Mendes Fausto M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundInitial caries lesions in primary teeth have presented a low progression rate after 2 years, but it could be higher in longer follow‐ups.AimTo evaluate the progression rates of sound surfaces and initial and moderate caries lesions after 7 years.DesignThis prospective 7‐year cohort study included 639 preschool children aged 1–5 years in 2010. In 2017, 449 children were reassessed (70.3% retention rate). Dental caries was collected using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in both assessments. Incidence rate (IR) per 100 surface‐years estimated the progression rates of sound surfaces and initial and moderate lesions for worse conditions. Cox regression with shared frailty evaluated the possible risk factors.ResultsIR was 1.0% for sound surfaces, 2.8% and 4.2% for ICDAS scores 1 and 2, respectively, and about 17.0% for moderate lesions. The most significant risk factor for the progression was the presence of cavitated lesions in other teeth. The type of surface and tooth also influenced the outcome.ConclusionThe progression rate of initial caries lesions in primary teeth remains low even after 7 years, but cavitated caries lesions in other teeth increase this risk. Moderate lesions demonstrate a higher risk of progression when compared to sound surfaces and initial caries lesions.
Examining the role of student teachers' perceived usefulness of ICT and resilience to digital distractions on their evaluation of online information
Authors: Hatlevik Ove E. , Bjarnø Vibeke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the rapid advancement of digital technology, student teachers must be proficient in evaluating digital information, resilient to digital distractions, and able to discern the usefulness of Information and Communication Technology.ObjectivesThis study investigates the relationships between these concepts at two points in time.MethodsThe sample includes 153 student teachers from a Norwegian university.Results and conclusionFactor analysis supports a model with three unique concepts at both T1 and T2, maintaining an identical factor structure. However, five out of nine items display low levels of test–retest reliability, coupled with inadequate measurement invariance across time for the concepts. A consistent factor structure is necessary before checking for variations in items and concepts. Therefore, longitudinal studies are required for both methodological and substantive purposes. Resilience to digital distractions (T1) exhibits a positive relationship with the evaluation of digital information (T2). Further studies exploring this relationship over time appear crucial.
Honeydew: A keystone in insect–plant interactions, current insights and future perspectives
Authors: Ali Jamin , Abbas Arzlan , Abbas Sohail , Ji Yunliang , Khan Khalid Ali , Ghramh Hamed A. , Mahamood Mohammad , Chen Rizhao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHoneydew, a sugary excretion produced by sap‐feeding insects, plays a pivotal role in shaping intricate interactions between insects and plants. This review explains the multifaceted aspects of honeydew, beginning with an overview of its production mechanisms and factors influencing its variability across insect species and plant hosts. Exploring its composition, we examine the chemical components and nutritional aspects, highlighting variations based on insect species and plant sources. The impact of honeydew on microbial communities is explored, shedding light on its role in influencing the diversity and abundance of microorganisms. Furthermore, the review investigates how honeydew affects pest behaviour and population dynamics, elucidating plant responses to honeydew deposition. In the realm of biocontrol, we examine the intricate relationships between honeydew and natural enemies, considering potential implications for integrated pest management. Beyond these individual components, the paper discusses the broader ecological consequences of honeydew in ecosystems, emphasizing the interconnected relationships between insects, plants and microorganisms. The review concludes by identifying research gaps and suggesting future directions, recognizing the need for further investigation into areas with potential applications for agriculture and ecology. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current understanding of honeydew's significance in insect–plant interactions, offering insights for both researchers and practitioners in the field.
Evaluation of the green lacewing, Mallada signatus as a biological control agent for the invasive tomato potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli
Authors: Zhou Natasha , Sarkar Shovon Chandra , Hoyle Frances , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe tomato potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Šulc, originating from North and Central America, poses a serious threat to Solanaceae crops in Australia. This study investigates the potential of the Australian native and commercially available green lacewing, Mallada signatus Schneider, as a biological control agent for B. cockerelli. The effect of feeding on B. cockerelli on the development rate and survival, of M. signatus were evaluated. Further, a greenhouse cage study was conducted to determine the optimal density of M. signatus larvae needed to effectively control an established B. cockerelli population. In our study, the third instar larvae of M. signatus consumed over 75 B. cockerelli nymphs in 24 h. Following the introduction of M. signatus larvae to caged tomato plants, eight M. signatus larvae per caged tomato plant decreased B. cockerelli population by 64% at the end of the sampling. These results indicated M. signatus, particularly at the larval stage, is an effective biological control option for B. cockerelli, especially in greenhouse tomato cultivation. This research offers valuable insights for the Australian horticultural industry, presenting a viable, eco‐friendly alternative to traditional, chemical pesticide‐reliant pest management strategies.
Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for Aedes and Culex species and evaluation of a simple DNA preparation method for field application
Authors: Kamber Tim , Mathis Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe spatial pattern of many pathogens that are transmitted by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) is changing due to globalization and climate change. Thus, surveillance of mosquito vectors is becoming increasingly widespread as basis for risk assessment and control. Species identification by loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays is simple, fast and reliable. Specific primers for several mosquito species are available (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes geniculatus, Aedes japonicus, Aedes koreicus, species of the Anopheles funestus group and An. gambiae complex). In the present work, LAMP assays targeting the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region were developed for Ae. cretinus, a minor sister taxon of Ae. albopictus, and for Culex pipiens/Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex torrentium. The specificities of the primers designed in silico were confirmed by in vitro tests with DNA form non‐target species. Further, the release of DNA from mosquito stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, adults) was investigated, revealing that an incubation for 5 min at 80°C in water is suitable for LAMP. With this method, one specimen (egg, larva, pupa, adult) of a target species could be detected among 49 non‐targets. Thus, the assays are suitable for fast and reliable identification of mosquito species of all life stages by colour change visible to the naked eye, and they are operable under field conditions.
Review on millets dehulling and pearling technologies and machinery
Authors: Mittal Vipul , Kumar Sunil , Gupta Ravi , Panghal Anil , Kumar Nitin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the mechanization of millet processing technologies. In the last decade, many researchers have worked on millet postharvest processing technologies and developed many machines; however, there is a lack of collective information. The design, development, and performance aspects of millet threshing, dehulling/pearling, and cleaning are comprehensively reviewed and discussed in this review. Various studies are examined, which explore these machines' operational parameters and performance. The findings highlight the significant improvements in threshing and pearling efficiency, grain damage reduction, and ergonomic benefits in comparison to traditional manual methods. This comprehensive review of millet machinery helps to identify the research gap and establish a platform for optimum design and development for the future. Additionally, this helps to improve the level of mechanization in millet processing. The paper contributes valuable insights into improving postharvest processing methods for various millet varieties, thus aiding in promoting the utilization and commercialization of these nutritious and sustainable crops.Practical applicationsUnderstanding of engineering properties of millets for further development and improvement of available millet dehulling machinery. The knowledge of factors involved in millet dehulling and pearling helps in testing and evaluation of millet processing machinery. The comprehensive information about the millet machinery improve mechanization of the millet‐based industries.
Psychometric properties of the Beliefs About Adults with ID Scale in American physicians: Application of classical test and Rasch measurement theories
Authors: Bacherini A. , Anselmi P. , Havercamp S. M. , Balboni G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhysicians' erroneous assumptions about individuals with intellectual disability (ID) negatively impact the quality of care provided to this population. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Beliefs About Adults with ID (BAID), an instrument we developed for measuring physicians' erroneous assumptions about adults with ID.MethodsTwo hundred ninety‐two American physicians participated. Classical test theory and Rasch measurement theory were used to refine the scale (through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, infit and outfit mean‐squares statistics, and differential item functioning) and investigate its psychometric properties (functioning of the response scale, reliability, and validity).ResultsThe BAID provided a unidimensional, reliable, valid, and precise measure in assessing high levels of erroneous assumptions. It showed convergent and divergent validity with the different factors of a scale measuring attitudes towards ID. The BAID items were discriminant, non‐redundant, unambiguous, and invariant across gender and previous ID training. The BAID response scale was found to be appropriate for measuring physicians' erroneous assumptions about adults with ID.ConclusionsBAID is a brief instrument with good psychometric properties to assess erroneous assumptions about adults with ID in physicians of different genders and who have/have not previously received ID training. Therefore, it might be helpful for research and medical education purposes.
Marriage, cohabitation, and institutional context: Household specialization among same‐sex and different‐sex couples
Authors: Yang Chih‐lan Winnie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines how marriage‐cohabitation gaps in household specialization (labor supply and earnings) vary across institutional contexts for same‐sex couples (SSCs) and different‐sex couples (DSCs) in Canada.BackgroundPrior research suggests that marriage‐cohabitation gaps are smaller in contexts where cohabitation is more prevalent, but it has overlooked how legal protections (at the contextual level) and gender composition (at the couple level) moderate this association. As a result, little is known about whether differences in household specialization stem from heightened gendered expectations attached to marriage or stronger legal protections for married couples. This study posits that marriage‐cohabitation gaps will be larger in contexts where legal protections for cohabitors are less marriage‐like.MethodsUsing the 2006 and 2016 Canadian Census and the 2011 National Household Survey, I estimate ordinal and fractional logit models to examine marriage‐cohabitation gaps in specialization among all couples (N = 2,788,055) and couples with young children (N = 826,305).ResultsAmong DSCs, marriage‐cohabitation gaps were larger in Québec than in English Canada vis‐à‐vis earnings but not labor supply. Patterns among SSCs were more heterogeneous: gaps in labor supply were larger in English Canada for female couples but larger in Québec for male couples. Gaps in earnings were generally larger in Québec, with few exceptions. However, DSCs consistently specialized more than SSCs.ConclusionWhile existing research suggests marriage‐cohabitation gaps in household specialization are largely explained by the prevalence of cohabitation, my results indicate that legal protections (at the contextual level) and gender composition (at the couple level) play a more decisive role.
Color stability of CAD‐CAM hybrid ceramic materials following immersion in artificial saliva and wine
Authors: Nagai Toshiki , Alfaraj Amal , Chu Tien‐Min G , Yang Chao‐Chieh , Lin Wei‐Shao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo examine the color stability of 3D‐printed and milled, interim, and definitive, restorative materials after immersion in artificial saliva and wine for 1, 3, and 6 months.Material and MethodsThe study used a 2 × 5 factorial design with 10 subgroups, including 2 immersion liquids (artificial saliva and wine) and 5 manufacturing technology and restorative material combinations (n = 10). Color measurements were taken using a contact‐type digital spectrophotometer (CM‐2600d Spectrophotometer; Konica Minolta Healthcare Americas Inc) before immersion and at 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6) after immersion. The CIE2000 system was used to calculate quantitative measurements of color differences in ΔE00, and comparisons were made to the acceptability threshold (AT) and perceptibility threshold (PT). Repeated measures of ANOVA (α = 0.05) were used to compare differences in color changes between manufacturing technology/restorative material‐immersion liquid combinations at T1, T3, and T6.ResultsTo compare the effect of immersion liquid and time on the manufacturing technology/restorative material groups, the ΔE00 values were compared to the PT of 0.8 and the AT of 1.8. Wine caused significant color changes in ΔE00 values beyond the PT and AT values in all groups at all time intervals, except for the AT value of milled definitive crowns (hybrid nano‐ceramic material). Wine immersion caused significant ΔE00 for all manufacturing technology/restorative material groups at all time intervals (1 month, 3 months, and 6 months) when compared to artificial saliva immersion (all p < 0.001).ConclusionUpon exposure to artificial saliva, 80%–100% of samples from all groups remained within the acceptable and perceptible color change thresholds. The wine had significant chromogenic effects on all tested restorative materials, however, the milled definitive crowns (hybrid nano‐ceramic material) showed the greatest color stability. For patients with heavy wine consumption, 3D‐printed definitive crowns (hybrid ceramic‐filled material) may show discoloration exceeding acceptable and perceptible color change limits.
Let's talk about sex: Why reproductive systems matter for understanding algae
Authors: Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSex is a crucial process that has molecular, genetic, cellular, organismal, and population‐level consequences for eukaryotic evolution. Eukaryotic life cycles are composed of alternating haploid and diploid phases but are constrained by the need to accommodate the phenotypes of these different phases. Critical gaps in our understanding of evolutionary drivers of the diversity in algae life cycles include how selection acts to stabilize and change features of the life cycle. Moreover, most eukaryotes are partially clonal, engaging in both sexual and asexual reproduction. Yet, our understanding of the variation in their reproductive systems is largely based on sexual reproduction in animals or angiosperms. The relative balance of sexual versus asexual reproduction not only controls but also is in turn controlled by standing genetic variability, thereby shaping evolutionary trajectories. Thus, we must quantitatively assess the consequences of the variation in life cycles on reproductive systems. Algae are a polyphyletic group spread across many of the major eukaryotic lineages, providing powerful models by which to resolve this knowledge gap. There is, however, an alarming lack of data about the population genetics of most algae and, therefore, the relative frequency of sexual versus asexual processes. For many algae, the occurrence of sexual reproduction is unknown, observations have been lost in overlooked papers, or data on population genetics do not yet exist. This greatly restricts our ability to forecast the consequences of climate change on algal populations inhabiting terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems. This perspective summarizes our extant knowledge and provides some future directions to pursue broadly across micro‐ and macroalgal species.