bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Papaya Seeds (Carica papaya) and Gandarusa Leaves (Justicia gendarussa) on the Spermatozoa Quality of Male Mice
Authors: Jangga Jangga , Suleman Abdul Wahid , Latu Saparuddin , Rini Sri Wulan 
Published: May 2024

Papaya seeds (<em>Carica papaya </em>L<em>.</em>) and gandarusa leaves (<em>Justicia gendarussa </em>Burm.f.) are considered medicinal plants that can be used as natural male contraceptives. Papaya seeds contain alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins, and papain. Meanwhile, the gandarusa leaves contain flavonoids. These compounds have the function of antifertility for men. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of papaya seeds (<em>Carica papaya </em>L<em>.</em>) ethanol extracts, gandarusa leaves (<em>Justicia gendarussa </em>Burm.f<em>.</em>), and its combination on motility, viability, and morphology of male mice spermatozoa (<em>Mus musculus</em><em>)</em> most effective decrease concentration on motility, viability, and morphology of male mice spermatozoa (<em>Mus musculus</em>). This research was an experimental study. The samples of this study were 18 male mice with a body weight of 20-30 grams, aged 3-5 months, and were divided into six groups. The treatments given were control, papaya seed ethanol extract, gandarusa leaves ethanol extract, and its combinations to concentrations of P1 Na CMC1%, P2 (papaya seed 100mg/kgW), P3 (gandarusa leaf 50mg/kgW), P4 (papaya seed : gandarusa leaf 50:50 mg/kgW), P5 (papaya seed : gandarusa leaf 50:100 mg/ kgW), P6 (papaya seed : gandarusa leaf 100:50 mg/kgW). The extract was given for 35 days. On the 36<sup>th</sup> day, the mice were dissected to take their epididymis to observe the spermatozoa's quality (motility, viability, morphology). Those observations used a light microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. This study resulted differences in P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6 towards motility, viability, and morphology of spermatozoa (<em>p</em>&lt; 0.05). The conclusion of this study showed that both single and combination ethanol extracts of papaya seeds and gandarusa leaves could reduce the motility, viability, and morphology of spermatozoa of male mice, and the effective dosage in reducing motility, viability, and morphology of spermatozoa is P3 gandarusa leaves 50mg/kgW.
Enhancing Safety and Workover Efficiency Through Real-Time Scale-Adaptive Video Detection of Critical Objects at the Wellsite
Authors: Zhang Kai , Song Zewen , Xia Xiaolong , Zhang Liming , Yang Yongfei , Sun Hai , Yao Jun , Zhang Huaqing , Zhang Yue , Feng Gaocheng , Liu Chen 
Published: May 2024

Summary
The wellsite serves as the fundamental unit in the development of oil and gas fields, functioning as a hub for the production activities, with workover operations being a critical means to ensure production continuity. In addition, it plays a crucial role in environmental protection, preventing oil and gas leakage and pollution. Various pieces of mechanical equipment deployed at the wellsite are essential for tasks such as oil and gas extraction and well repair operations, holding a pivotal position in oil- and gasfield development. Consequently, intelligent wellsite implementation necessitates a primary focus on monitoring mechanical equipment, with video emerging as a vital form of multisource information at the wellsite. While existing research on wellsite video monitoring predominantly addresses system and data transmission issues, it falls short in addressing the challenges of real-time assessment and early warning in intelligent wellsite operations. This study introduces a method for identifying critical targets at the wellsite based on a scale-adaptive network. The model employs a multiscale fusion network to extract different image features and semantic features at various scales, facilitating their fusion. The processing of wellsite video images occurs in multiple stages, outputting predicted box locations and category information, enabling the localization and recognition of critical objects at the wellsite. Unlike traditional deep convolutional object detection methods, this model incorporates a parameter-free attention mechanism, enhancing the accurate feature learning of small targets during the extraction process and addressing the issue of multiscale imbalance. The experimental results validate the robust performance of the method, surpassing the latest one-stage object detection models and mainstream loss function methods. Comparative experiments demonstrate a 9.22% improvement in mean average precision (mAP) compared with YOLOv8, establishing the proposed model as a top performer in loss function optimization experiments. Furthermore, we propose a video security detection model whose results, combined with the recognition model, are applicable for video detection in wellsite scenarios. The model exhibits strong integration capabilities for scene area division and behavior regulation monitoring. In addition, the model provides valuable insights for analyzing equipment operating status, aligning with the practical needs of oil fields.
Assessing the impact of biological invasion on fish community structures in Japanese lakes: A macroecological approach using environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Oba Yurika , Doi Hideyuki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The biological invasion of aquatic ecosystems has negative effects on competition and predation. These ecological impacts on native communities may also affect two processes that are important in determining community structures, namely, the environmental and spatial processes. Here, we using lake fish community composition estimated through environmental DNA metabarcoding, we examined the effects of invasive species on the community structure determination processes in lakes. The objective was to describe the relationship between fish diversity and invasive species in lakes and to estimate the explanatory power of environmental factors with regard to variation in community composition among lakes using direct gradient analysis, i.e., distance-based redundancy analysis. Further, we employed variation partitioning to examine how the explanatory power of environmental factors and spatial structures for variation in community composition varied with the presence of invasive species. The environmental slope analysis showed that the explanatory power of environmental factors for variation in community composition among lakes was higher in communities without invasive species. A comparison of the relative importance of environmental factors and spatial structure in determining community composition between communities, excluding invasive species, and communities with invasive species showed that the relative importance of environmental factors was higher in communities without invasive species, highlighting the possibility of differences in dispersal abilities between native and invasive species.
Optic disc parameters and associations with early life exposures in over 3 000 12-year-old children: findings from the ALSPAC cohort
Authors: Creavin Alexandra , Tilling Kate , Timpson Nic , Williams Cathy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the distribution of cupped and small optic discs in children and to examine associations with maternal and environmental factors.
Methods
Retinal photographs were graded from over 3000 12-year-olds in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Regression models examined associations between disc parameters and maternal and early-life exposures.
Results
Mean cup-to-disc area ratio (CDAR) for 3288 children was 0.21 (95%CI 0.20,0.21). Cupped discs (CDAR >0.3) were present in 11%. The odds of disc cupping were increased nearly three-fold in underweight children (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.9 (1.1, 7.3) p=0.03) and 28-fold in severely premature (<28 weeks) children (paOR 28 95%CI 4.6,172, p<0.001) with nearly one in four children affected.
Mean cup-to-fovea/disc diameter (CF/DD) for 3327 children was 2.48 (95%CI 2.47,2.50). Small discs (CF/DD >3) were present in 6% of which a third were bilateral. The odds of a small disc were increased in the offspring of mothers who smoked in pregnancy (aOR 1.7 (1.0,2.8) p=0.04) and more than doubled in children born with a small head circumference (aOR 2.5 (1.4,4.5) p<0.001).
Conclusions
Cupped and small optic discs are more frequent than usually supposed at age 12. The odds of disc cupping are increased by severe prematurity and pathologically low BMI. The odds of a small disc are increased by maternal smoking and small head circumference. Optimisation of risk factors in pregnancy and delivery and early childhood nutrition may play an important role in ophthalmic neurodevelopment and thus have a lifelong impact on ocular health.
Unrecognised actionability for breast cancer risk variants identified in a national-level review of Australian familial cancer centres
Authors: Spurdle Amanda , Fortuno Cristina , Cops Elisa , Davidson Aimee , Hadler Johanna , Innella Giovanni , McKenzie Maddison , Parsons Michael , Campbell Ainsley , Dubowsky Andrew , Fargas Verna , Field Michael , Fan Helen Mar , Dowson Cassandra , Poplawski Nicola , Warwick Linda , Williams Rachel , Beshay Victoria , Edwards Caitlin , Johns Andrea , McPhillips Mary , Kumar Vanessa , Scott Rodney , Williams Mark , SCOTT Hamish , James Paul , Spurdle Amanda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge. In Australia, the adoption of publicly-funded multigene panel testing for eligible cancer patients has increased accessibility to personalised care, yet has also highlighted the increasing prevalence of variants of uncertain significance (VUS), complicating clinical decision-making. This project aimed to explore the spectrum and actionability of breast cancer VUS in Australian familial cancer centers (FCCs). Leveraging data from 11 FCCs participating in the Inherited Cancer Connect database, we retrieved VUS results from 1472 patients. Through ClinVar crosschecks and application of gene-specific ACMG/AMP guidelines, we showed the potential for reclassification of 4% of unique VUS as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, and 79% as benign or likely benign. Surveys conducted with FCCs and diagnostic laboratories described current practices and challenges in variant reclassifications, highlighting resource constraints preventing periodic VUS review and notifications from the laboratories to the FCCs. Our study suggests there are benefits to routine VUS review and reclassification, particularly in publicly-funded healthcare systems. Future research should focus on assessing the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of implementing routine variant review practices, alongside efforts to enhance communication between FCCs and laboratories.
Developing and Evaluating a Mobile-based Teledermatology System for Skin Lesion Diagnosis in Iran
Authors: Shajirat Zeinab , Parandeh Ronak , Pazyar Nader , Azizi Amirabbas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Asynchronous teledermatology (TD) has shown promise in improving access to dermatological care, yet studies reveal varied methodologies and results. This study aimed to design a mobile app using the store-and-forward model, marking a pioneering effort in Iran to facilitate written documentation of patient history and skin lesion imagery for accurate diagnosis. Conducted from July 2022 to July 2023, this study involved the development and implementation of a smartphone app to collect clinical data and photographs from 89 patients at a dermatology clinic. Diagnoses made at the clinic served as the gold standard. Three dermatologists independently reviewed the app-recorded data, providing diagnoses that were compared to in-person assessments using the Kappa coefficient and agreement percentage. Lesions were predominantly located on the whole body (47%), with psoriasis (19.1%), acne vulgaris (11.2%), and eczema (10%) being the most common. The overall inter-observer Kappa value demonstrated excellent agreement at 0.856. The study's findings endorse the use of a mobile app for TD as an effective adjunct in regions with scarce dermatological services, such as Iran. To promote the broader application of TD, ongoing research is essential to further establish its reliability and practicality.
Vaginal microbiota transplantation alleviates vaginal atrophy in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Xu Zhonglei , Zhu Qiyin , Zou Junchi , Lu Yun , Wang Liming , Zou Qianli , Wang Wenyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Genitourinary menopausal syndrome (GSM) is a prevalent symptom in menopausal women, affecting over 50% of older women and patients with loss of ovarian function. The role of factors other than estrogen, such as the vaginal microbiota, in the development of GSM has not been fully explored. Therefore, we selected 8-week-old C57 mice with bilateral oophorectomy for experimentation. After four weeks of treatment, we observed that the vaginal epithelium of ovariectomized mice showed signs of atrophy, and the structure and metabolites of vaginal microbiota showed significant differences. Vaginal transplantation of microbiota from ovary-intact mice significantly ameliorated the vaginal atrophy of ovariectomized mice and altered the structure and metabolism of vaginal microbiota. These findings indicate that ovarian activity significantly affects the structure and metabolism of vaginal microbiota. The vaginal microbiota of ovary-intact mice may promote vaginal health by upregulating ER (estrogen receptor) in vaginal epithelial cells in ovariectomized mice, which in turn promotes cell proliferation. Further studies are needed to investigate the interactions between vaginal bacterial microbiota and vaginal health. This finding can help develop new therapeutic strategies and interventions for patients suffering from vaginal atrophy.
Long-term outcomes of patients with Parkinson’s disease 3.5 years post SARS-CoV-2 infection in an inner-city population in the Bronx
Authors: Hadidchi Roham , Al-Ani Yousef , Piskun Hannah , Pakan Rachel , Duong Katie , Jamil Hasan , Wang Stephen , Henry Sonya , Maurer Carine , Duong Tim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives.
Although patients with pre-existing Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at a higher risk of severe acute COVID-19 outcomes compared to matched controls, the long-term outcomes of PD patients post SARS-CoV2 infection are largely unknown. This study investigated the clinical outcomes of patients with pre-existing PD up to 3.5 years post-infection in an inner-city population in the Bronx, New York.
Methods.
This retrospective study evaluated 3,512 patients with PD in the Montefiore Health System in the Bronx (January 2016 to July 2023), which serves a large Black and Hispanic population and was an epicenter of the early COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent surges of infections. COVID-19 status was defined by a positive polymerase-chain-reaction test. Comparisons were made with patients without a positive COVID-19 test. Outcomes were post-index date all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), altered mental status, fatigue, dyspnea, headache, psychosis, dementia, depression, anxiety, dysphagia, falls, and orthostatic hypotension. Changes in Levodopa, a PD medication, prescriptions were also tabulated. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were computed accounting for competing risks.
Results.
About 14% of PD patients had a positive COVID-19 test. PD patients with COVID-19 had similar demographics but a higher prevalence of pre-existing comorbidities and neurological disorders compared to PD patients without COVID-19. PD patients with COVID-19 had greater risk of mortality (aHR = 1.58 [95% CI:1.03,2.41] P = 0.03), MACE (HR = 1.57[95% CI:1.19,2.07], P < 0.005), dyspnea (aHR = 1.44 [1.11,1.87], P < 0.01), fatigue (aHR = 1.49 [1.12,1.97] P < 0.01), headache (HR = 1.35 [1.01,1.80] P = 0.04), and fall (aHR = 1.39 [1.01, 1.92] P = 0.04) compared to PD patients without COVID-19 up to 3.5 years post index-date. Levodopa equivalent dose adjustment was higher post-infection in the COVID-19 cohort compared to non-COVID-19 cohort (P < 0.04).
Conclusions.
PD patients with COVID-19 were at a higher risk of worse long-term outcomes compared to PD patients without COVID-19. Patients with PD who survive COVID-19 may benefit from heightened clinical awareness and close follow-up.
Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for cytotoxic chemotherapy– induced diarrhea management in patients with colorectal cancer: a single-arm clinical trial
Authors: Alnaggar Mohammed , Mahyoub Mueataz A. , Cheng Wen , Huang Weiwei , Xu Yalin , Wang Shengzhou , Alshorman Jamal , Chen Ting 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Diarrhea is a serious complication noted in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy, which impacts both their quality of life and treatment adherence. Here, we assessed the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) management in patients with CRC.
Methods
This open-label, single-arm trial included 20 CRC patients experiencing grade 2 or 3 CID, in whom conventional standard antidiarrheal treatments had been ineffective. A single course of FMT was administered within a 2-week interval. Each course consisted of 90 capsules (totaling approximately 18 × 1011 CFU bacteria), administered orally three times a day on days 1, 2, and 3. The patients’ changes in diarrhea severity, microbiome composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing), and immune function (flow cytometry) were assessed before and after FMT (over 12 weeks).
Results
Diarrhea cessation was noted in 17 (85%) of all 20 patients after one or more FMT cycles over at least 12 weeks. FMT also led to significant improvements in gut microbiota diversity along with significant increases in B (CD19+) cells (p = 0.0001), cytotoxic T ( CD3+CD8+) cells (p = 0.0010), and natural killer cells (p = 0.0002). No major adverse events were noted.
Conclusions
Our preliminary evidence suggests that FMT is a safe, potentially effective approach for managing CID in patients with CRC.
Trial registration:
Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100049431 (Date assigned: Agusta 8, 2021). https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=131083
Optimizing Oocyte Yield Utilizing a Machine Learning Model for Dose and Trigger Decisions: A Multi-Center, Prospective Study
Authors: Canon Chelsea , Leibner Lily , Fanton Michael , Chang Zeyu , Suraj Vaishali , Lee Joseph A. , Loewke Kevin , Hoffman David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate clinical outcomes for patients undergoing IVF treatment where an artificial intelligence (AI) platform was utilized by clinicians to help determine the optimal starting dose of FSH and timing of trigger injection.
Design
Prospective clinical trial with historical control arm
Setting
Four physicians from two assisted reproductive technology treatment centers in the United States participated in the study.
Patients
The treatment arm included patients undergoing autologous IVF cycles between December 2022 - April 2023 where the physician use AI to help select starting dose of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and trigger injection timing (N = 246). The control arm included historical patients treated where the same doctor did not use AI between September 2021 - September 2022.
Intervention
None.
Main Outcome Measure
Total FSH used and average number of mature metaphase II (MII)oocytes.
Results
There was a non-significant trend towards improved patient outcomes and a reduction in FSH with physician use of AI. Overall, the average number of MIIs in the treatment vs. control arm was 12.20 vs 11.24 (improvement = 0.96, p=0.16). The average number of oocytes retrieved in the treatment vs. control arm was 16.01 vs 14.54 (improvement = 1.47, p = 0.08). The average total FSH in the treatment arm was 3671.95 IUs and the average in the control arm was 3846.29 IUs (difference=-174.35 IUs, p=0.13).
Conclusion
There was a trend towards improved laboratory outcomes with physician use of AI.. Together, this suggests that AI can safely assist in refining the starting dose of FSH while narrowing down the timing of the trigger injection during ovarian stimulation, benefiting the patient in optimizing the count of MII oocytes retrieved,
Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Role of Heat Shock Protein 90 in Müller Cells Proliferation via the Necroptosis/MAPK Pathway in Diabetes
Authors: Yan Ying , Wei Qiaonuo , Yu Doudou , Gao Chengyuan , Yang Hongjian , Diao Bo , Song Yanping , Chen Xiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Understanding the complex pathology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was challenging due to the intricate cellular structure of the retina.
Methods
We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on retinas from 4 diabetic patients and 2 nondiabetic patients. Bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental exploration using in vivo and in vitro DR models were performed to explore the pathogenesis of the Müller cells (MCs) in DR.
Results
We identified 9 major cell types and revealed that diabetes impacted the retinal cell type composition as well as specific genes expression, and altered cell-cell communication. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which was downregulated in the MCs of the diabetic patients, may function as a hub gene, and the significant functional pathways were the necroptosis (RIP1/RIP3/MLKL) and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathways. Furthermore, our results of in vivo and in vitro DR models suggested that the downregulation of HSP90 may induce DR-associated MCs proliferation.
Conclusion
Our study offered new insight into the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of DR, revealing the suppressive role of HSP90 in MCs proliferation, which could be targeted to treat DR.
Green clay materials applied in packed bed columns for adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions
Authors: Eloussaief Mabrouk , Dammak Nesrine , Ghrab Sana , Ltaief Olfa Ouled , Hamza Wiem , Lambert Stephanie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The removal of hazardous metal ions from polluted water is a crucial process aimed at enhancing water quality. In this study, we conducted a dynamic adsorption investigation utilizing natural green clay for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions. The material underwent characterization through various techniques, including fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nitrogen-physisorption (BET). Column tests of green clay material and sand mixtures were performed to evaluate sorption in dynamic systems. Adsorption conditions were examined by varying the initial Cr6+ concentration, flow rate and column height. The maximum purification was achieved at a concentration of 50 mg/L, a flow rate of 3mL/min and a bed height of 12 cm. The mathematical models of Bohart-Adams, Thomas, and Yoon-Nelson were employed to analyze experimental data and predict breakthrough curves in continuous adsorption. Through comparison of R2 values, it was determined that the Yoon-Nelson and Thomas diffusion models effectively capture and accurately describe the experimental data. The results obtained indicate a potential expansion of fixed-bed adsorption for the heavy metals treatment in industrial-scale wastewater. Additionally, the natural green clay material exhibited remarkable reusability and showed promising characteristics for various environmental and industrial applications.