bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete chloroform dechlorination by organochlorine respiration and fermentation
Authors: Lee Matthew , Low Adrian , Zemb Olivier , Koenig Joanna , Michaelsen Astrid , Manefield Mike 
Published: November 2011

SummaryChloroform (CF, CHCl3) is a recalcitrant and toxic environmental pollutant. In this communication we report for the first time a microbial community capable of complete CF dechlorination by metabolic processes. Cultures derived from subsurface soil (3.5 m) could sustain complete dechlorination of CF at levels of least 360 µM at a rate of 40 µM per day. Scrutiny of CF dechlorination revealed two metabolic processes at work. First, CF was respired to dichloromethane (DCM, CH2Cl2), which was then fermented to acetate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Elevated hydrogen partial pressures were found to inhibit the fermentation process. Interspecies hydrogen transfer was observed in the form of methanogenesis and acetogenesis. This suggests that the dechlorination process required syntrophic partners to maintain low hydrogen partial pressures. 13C‐labelled DCM was employed to help elucidate the chemistry of the process and identify bacterial community members involved. CF respiring cultures, where emulsified vegetable oil was supplied as the electron donor and DCM fermenting cultures, where DCM was supplied as the sole organic carbon source were studied separately. Pyrosequencing of these cultures revealed Dehalobacter lineages as a predominant community member in both. Subsequent growth experiments confirmed that the proliferation of Dehalobacter was linked directly to both the dehalorespiration and dehalofermentation processes.
The impact of product market competition on earnings quality
Authors: Cheng Peter , Man Paul , Yi Cheong H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to examine the impact of product market competition on earnings quality. Based on a sample from the US manufacturing sector for the period 1996–2005, we find consistent evidence showing a positive relation between product market competition and earnings quality. Additional tests also confirm a positive relation between product market competition and the precision of public and private information held by investors and analysts. We also provide evidence that firms competing in concentrated and heterogeneous industries are associated with a number of earnings attributes and information quality not shared by those competing in concentrated but homogeneous industries. These findings are consistent with the intuition that firms enjoying a monopolistic advantage tend to avoid the attention of their competitors and politicians by creating a more opaque information environment.
Association of glycerol and paraffin in the treatment of ichthyosis in children: an international, multicentric, randomized, controlled, double‐blind study
Authors: Blanchet‐Bardon C. , Tadini G. , Machado Matos M. , Delarue A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  Efficacy and tolerance should be considered in topical treatments of chronicle affections with impaired skin barrier function such as ichthyosis.Objectives  To demonstrate the efficacy of Dexeryl® in reducing severity of ichthyosis.Methods  A prospective, multicentre, randomized, placebo controlled study was performed with patients under 18 years suffering from a non‐bullous form of ichthyosis. A double‐blind period using Dexeryl® (an emollient cream containing glycerol 15% and paraffin 10%) or placebo (its vehicle) during 4 weeks followed by an open label period with all patients treated by Dexeryl® for 8 weeks. Improvement of ichthyosis was assessed by cutaneous xerosis evolution (SRRC score): the percentage of patients with 50% reduction of the SRRC score at D28 was the primary criterion. The assessment of pruritus [visual analogue scale (VAS)], global evaluation and safety were secondary.Results  The percentage of patients with at least 50% reduction of SRRC score at D28 was significantly higher in Dexeryl® group (60.3%) vs. vehicle group (43.5%; P = 0.008). Reduction of pruritus on VAS was significantly higher at D28 with Dexeryl® (−2.16) compared to that in placebo (−1.49), P < 0.05. The improvement continues through the open label period: at D84 we observed −2.5 of SRRC score in the Dexeryl® group vs.−1.8 for the group previously treated by vehicle. Investigators found Dexeryl® efficacy as satisfying for about 80% of treated patients vs. 50% with vehicle. Concerning safety, most of the adverse events were not related to treatment.Conclusions  Dexeryl® showed a significant improvement of xerosis and related symptoms in children with ichthyosis and was well tolerated.
‘Standing up for my human rights’: a group’s journey beyond consultation towards co‐production
Authors: Roberts Amanda , Greenhill Beth , Talbot Annie , Cuzak Meryl 
Published: November 2011

Accessible summary
Our health service ran a group to support people to stand up for their human rights.
People with learning disabilities have their own stories to tell about human rights.
Group members created a character called FREDA (fairness, respect, equality, dignity, autonomy) to understand how human rights laws affect their lives.
The group did not follow its original plan. The group shared their own knowledge and experiences with each other. Acting on what people in the group wanted was most important. Written by Tina O’Connor1
SummaryService user inclusion is a key component of a human rights‐based approach to healthcare and models of inclusion are developing rapidly. This article describes work with a group of NHS service users, designed to increase their knowledge of human rights, as part of a broader set of initiatives focussing on changing organisational culture. During a mutual learning journey, ‘co‐production’ emerged as a preferred model for promoting service user’s understandings of human rights. ‘Co‐production’, or sharing service design and delivery more equally with service users, led to outcomes that were initially inconceivable. During the group, co‐production appeared to be a vehicle for resolving dilemmas about services ‘empowering’ service users. This article considers how, when service user involvement and a HRBA are combined, a move away from tokenism towards collaboration, empowerment and redistribution of power is possible.
Depressive symptoms and intimate partner violence in the 12 months after childbirth: a prospective pregnancy cohort study
Authors: Woolhouse H , Gartland D , Hegarty K , Donath S , Brown SJ 
Published: November 2011

Please cite this paper as: Woolhouse H, Gartland D, Hegarty K, Donath S, Brown S. Depressive symptoms and intimate partner violence in the 12 months after childbirth: a prospective pregnancy cohort study. BJOG 2011;118:000–000. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2011.03219.x.Objective  To examine maternal depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy and explore their relationship with intimate partner violence in the 12 months after birth.Design  Prospective pregnancy cohort study of nulliparous women.Setting  Melbourne, Australia.Population  In all, 1507 eligible women completed baseline data (mean gestation 15 weeks). Analyses are presented for 1305 women who completed all follow‐up questionnaires.Methods  Women were recruited from six public hospitals at between 6 and 24 weeks of gestation. Written questionnaires were completed at recruitment and at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum.Main outcome measures  Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Intimate partner violence was assessed using the short version of the Composite Abuse Scale.Results  Sixteen per cent of women reported depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥ 13) in the 12 months postpartum, with most women first reporting depressive symptoms in the second 6 months after birth. Around 40% of women reporting depressive symptoms at each follow up also reported intimate partner violence. Factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms in multivariable models were: emotional abuse alone (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.72, 95% CI 1.72–4.13), physical abuse (adjusted OR 3.94, 95% CI 2.44–6.36), depression in pregnancy (adjusted OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.75–4.77) and unemployment in early pregnancy (adjusted OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.03–2.48).Conclusions  Screening for maternal depression at 3 months postpartum or earlier may miss over half the women with depression in the first 12 months after birth. Intimate partner violence is common among women reporting postnatal depressive symptoms and may be an important factor for health professionals to consider in their management.
Identification and biology of α‐secretase
Authors: Vingtdeux Valérie , Marambaud Philippe 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem.(2012)120(Suppl. 1), 34–45.Absract‘Secretase’ is a generic term coined more than 20 years ago to refer to a group of proteases responsible for the cleavage of a vast number of membrane proteins. These endoproteolytic events result in the extracellular or intracellular release of soluble metabolites associated with a broad range of intrinsic physiological functions. α‐Secretase refers to the activity targeting the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and generating sAPPα, a soluble extracellular fragment potentially associated with neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions. Several proteases from the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family, including ADAM10 and ADAM17, have been directly or indirectly associated with the constitutive and regulated α‐secretase activities. Recent evidence in primary neuronal cultures indicates that ADAM10 may represent the genuine constitutive α‐secretase. Mainly because α‐secretase cleaves APP within the sequence of Aβ, the core component of the cerebral amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease, α‐secretase activation is considered to be of therapeutic value. In this article, we will provide a historical perspective on the characterization of α‐secretase and review the recent literature on the identification and biology of the current α‐secretase candidates.
Are amyloid‐degrading enzymes viable therapeutic targets in Alzheimer’s disease?
Authors: Nalivaeva Natalia N. , Beckett Caroline , Belyaev Nikolai D. , Turner Anthony J. 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120 (Suppl. 1), 167–185.AbstractThe amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease envisages that the initial elevation of amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) levels, especially of Aβ1‐42, is the primary trigger for the neuronal cell death specific to onset of Alzheimer’s disease. There is now substantial evidence that brain amyloid levels are manipulable because of a dynamic equilibrium between their synthesis from the amyloid precursor protein and their removal by amyloid‐degrading enzymes (ADEs) providing a potential therapeutic strategy. Since the initial reports over a decade ago that two zinc metallopeptidases, insulin‐degrading enzyme and neprilysin (NEP), contributed to amyloid degradation in the brain, there is now an embarras de richesses in relation to this category of enzymes, which currently number almost 20. These now include serine and cysteine proteinases, as well as numerous zinc peptidases. The experimental validation for each of these enzymes, and which to target, varies enormously but up‐regulation of several of them individually in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease has proved effective in amyloid and plaque clearance, as well as cognitive enhancement. The relative status of each of these enzymes will be critically evaluated. NEP and its homologues, as well as insulin‐degrading enzyme, remain as principal ADEs and recently discovered mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of NEP expression potentially open new avenues in manipulation of AD‐related genes, including ADEs.
Interaction of the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica with its carbon environment: response to a recreated high‐CO2 geological past
Authors: MOOLNA A. , RICKABY R. E. M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCoccolithophores have played a key role in the carbon cycle since becoming dominant in the Cretaceous ocean, and their influence depends fundamentally on how they interact with their external carbon environment. Because the photosynthetic carbon‐fixing enzyme Rubisco requires high levels of CO2 for effective catalysis, coccolithophores are known to induce carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to raise the level of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in an ‘internal pool’. The ocean carbon system has varied greatly over the geological past, suggesting that coccolithophore interactions with that external carbon environment will have changed in parallel. The widespread present‐day coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica was acclimated here to a geological scale change in the seawater carbon system (five times higher DIC and alkalinity). Significant acclimation in response to the external carbon environment was demonstrated by a fourfold increase in the Km substrate concentration requirement for half‐maximum photosynthetic carbon fixation rates (suggesting that CCMs were down‐regulated when ambient carbon was more available). There was, however, no difference in growth rate, morphology or calcification, suggesting that calcification is not coupled to photosynthesis as one of the CCMs induced here and that productivity (growth rate and calcification) is not carbon‐limited under representative present‐day conditions. Beyond the kinetic parameters of photosynthesis, the only other indication of changed cell physiology seen was the increased fractionation of carbon isotopes into organic matter. These findings demonstrate that G. oceanica changes its carbon‐use physiology to maintain consistent photosynthetic carbon fixation in concert with different levels of ambient DIC without changing its morphology or calcification.
Liposuction – a surgical procedure in dermatology
Authors: Rapprich Stefan , Koller Josef , Sattler Gerhard , Wörle Birgit , Sommer Boris , Bechara Falk G. , Koenen Wolfgang , Kunte Christian , Grablowitz Doris , Hoffmann Klaus , Fratila Alina , Bruning Guido , Podda Maurizio , Schuller‐Petrovic Sanja , Karsai Syrus , Schmeller Wilfried , Meier‐Vollrath Ilka , Faulhaber Jörg , Brodersen Jens , Boehler Kornelia , Löser Christoph 
Published: November 2011

SummaryLiposuction is an integral part of the wide range of surgical procedures in dermatology. Dermatologists established tumescent local anesthesia in combination with the use of micro‐cannulas; especially dermatologists from Germany and Austria actively designed and developed these new techniques. In this position paper, we discuss the history, various interdisciplinary aspects, the significance, and the treatment indications for this procedure as well as its role within dermatologic training programs and research. For quality reasons, members of the Germany Society of Dermatologic Surgery and the Austrian Society of Dermatologic Surgery discuss several fundamental professional aspects as well as the historical development of liposuction.
Parent–adolescent agreement on psychosocial symptoms and somatic complaints among adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Pirinen T , Kolho K‐L , Simola P , Ashorn M , Aronen ET 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate parent–adolescent agreement on psychosocial and somatic symptoms in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods:  A questionnaire‐based postal survey comprising Finnish adolescents aged 10–18 years with IBD (n = 156) and their parents. Emotional, behavioural and somatic symptoms were measured using the Child Behaviour Checklist (parent report) and the Youth Self‐Report.Results:  In paediatric IBD, adolescents and parents agreed on the presence of a psychosocial problem (in subclinical/clinical range) in 5% of the cases but disagreed in 21%. In 74% of the dyads, respondents agreed that no problems existed. Agreement in reporting psychosocial or somatic symptoms was poor to low (κ = 0.00–0.38). The lowest agreement was on anxious/depressed mood (κ = 0.02) and thought problems (κ = 0.00) and the highest on social problems. The parents reported more somatic symptoms in their adolescents than the adolescents themselves (p < 0.001).Conclusion:  Young IBD patients and their parents disagree in reporting psychosocial and somatic symptoms of the patients. The adolescents as well as their parents need to be involved; otherwise, many symptoms of clinical significance would go unnoticed.
Giving me hope: women's reflections on a breastfeeding peer support service
Authors: Thomson Gill , Crossland Nicola , Dykes Fiona 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBreastfeeding peer support has been identified as a key intervention to help improve breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding rates. The World Health Organization, and, in the UK, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, recommend the implementation of sustainable peer support programmes. As part of an evaluation into a comprehensive breastfeeding peer support service in north‐west England, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 47 women who had received a breastfeeding peer support service. In this paper, we have drawn upon the work of Morse and colleagues to interpret the data in relation to behavioural manifestations of hope, together with insights into the strategies used by the peer supporters to augment hopefulness for women's breastfeeding goals. These theoretical and practice‐based findings offer insights into how the breastfeeding peer supporters provided realistic assessments across varying situational contexts, formed strategies and plans to help women overcome any obstacles, made women aware of any negative outcomes, mobilised external and personal resources to facilitate goal attainment, provided evaluations and feedback on women's (and infants') progress, and through praise, reassurance and instilling calm, the peer supporters helped women to focus their energy to achieve their breastfeeding goals. Practice‐based implications are considered.
An exploration of experiences of mothers following a baby‐led weaning style: developmental readiness for complementary foods
Authors: Brown Amy , Lee Michelle 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCurrent UK Department of Health guidelines recommend that infants are introduced to complementary foods at around 6 months of age. Intake of complementary foods should be gradual, should incorporate a range of tastes and should be based around family foods. The infant should be ‘developmentally ready’, able to sit up, grasp objects and chew. Introduction to complementary foods in the UK is typically via purée and spoon‐feeding although an alternative approach is growing in popularity. The baby‐led weaning approach advocates bypassing purées and allowing infants to self‐feed foods in their solid form from the start of weaning. Research surrounding this method is sparse, and it is not advocated in Department of Health literature but understanding, if not advocacy of the method, is needed for health professionals faced with questions from parents. Here, 36 mothers of an infant aged 12–18 months who followed baby‐led weaning completed a semi‐structured interview examining their attitudes, beliefs and behaviours towards the approach. Key themes included following infant cues of readiness, hunger and satiety, exposure to textures and tastes and experiences, both positive and negative of following the method. The findings are considered in relation to Department of Health weaning guidelines and literature pertaining to the development of eating styles and weight gain in young children. Overall, the study offers an insight into this emerging method for child health practitioners raising questions as to the use or potential adaptation of key principles of the methods.
Role of haeme oxygenase‐1 in resolution of oxidative stress‐related pathologies: focus on cardiovascular, lung, neurological and kidney disorders
Authors: Haines D. D. , Lekli I. , Teissier P. , Bak I. , Tosaki A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe present review examines the role of the cytoprotective enzyme haeme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) in adaptive responses to inflammatory disease and explores strategies for its clinical use, with particular emphasis on use of therapeutic use of the enzyme using phytochemical inducers of HO‐1 such as extracts of Ginkgo biloba, curcumin, and flavonoids extracted from seeds of the sour cherry (Prunus cerasus). This laboratory has identified strategies by which combinations of dietary phytochemicals may be configured to synergistically strengthen immunoregulatory mechanisms that normally prevent inflammation from leading to disease. A major focus of this research initiative has been HO‐1, which is capable of substantially reducing oxidative stress by several mechanisms. HO‐1 metabolizes haeme that accumulates in tissues because of red blood cell turnover. Two products of this degradation – carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin – have potent capacity for reducing oxidative stress and for counteracting its effects. A description will be provided of how HO‐1 products maintain healthy tissue function and remediate oxidative tissue damage. This will be explored in four major organ systems, including the cardiovascular system, the lungs, the central nervous system and the kidneys. Particular focus will be given to the physiological coordination of cardiovascular functions mediated by CO produced by HO‐1 and to nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous second messenger expressed by nitric oxide synthetase. A major unifying theme of the present review is an exploration of the potential use of dietary phytochemical formulations as tools for the clinical application of HO‐1 in therapeutic reduction of oxidative stressors, with resultant improved treatment of inflammatory pathologies.
Non‐local genotypes of a resident grass species reduce invertebrate species richness
Authors: VANDEGEHUCHTE MARTIJN L. , De La PEÑA EDUARDO , BREYNE PETER , BONTE DRIES 
Published: November 2011

Abstract.1. Effects of the genotypic identity of a plant can extend beyond the individual phenotype to the community. Because plant material is moved around at an increasing rate, introductions of non‐local plant genotypes that are difficult to distinguish from local ones are probably common. Even though such introductions can cause cryptic invasions, their effects on local communities remain largely unexplored.2. Ammophila arenaria is transported and planted throughout the world for dune stabilisation. We used this grass to address the impact of the introduction of non‐local genotypes on the diversity of the local invertebrate community. We installed plants from the local population and five introduced populations from regions throughout the natural range in a common environment and identified all naturally colonising aboveground invertebrates.3. The diversity of the entire invertebrate community, as well as that of herbivores, decreased with increasing geographical distance of the plants’ location of origin. Differences between plant populations in predator and detritivore diversity were less consistent with this pattern. Invertebrate species turnover was not related to genetic distance between populations.4. Our study demonstrates that introduction of non‐local genotypes of a resident plant species can negatively affect the invertebrate community. This confirms the idea that caution should be exerted when selecting plant material for restoration or sand stabilisation purposes. Hitherto, explanations for the invasiveness of A. arenaria in other continents have been sought in its release from belowground pathogens. Our observation of lower shoot herbivore diversity on non‐local plants, however, may indicate a role for release from aboveground enemies.