bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_334A: The struggle within: suicidal ideation and its risk factors among the undergraduate medical students
Authors: Jayasudha Jayaraman , Padmasri Y. , Mounika Ronanki 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Suicide is one of the top three causes of death among the adults worldwide, which is increasingly seen among students. Medical education is often considered highly stressful, in addition to the usual psychological issues in the youth. Mental health issue is a subject of taboo even among the medical students leading to non-help seeking behaviour. Studies report a high prevalence of suicidal ideation among medical students in India, ranging from 1.8% to 53.6%.

Objectives:
1. To assess the prevalence of ‘suicidal ideation’ and associated risk factors among undergraduate medical students

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Phase 2 and 3 undergraduate students of a government medical college after taking IEC approval. Information on socio demographic details along with known risk factors was obtained. Beck scale for suicide ideation was used for screening and assessment of suicidal ideation. Data was analysed as proportions and percentages and chi square was applied to test the significance of association.

Results:
Out of the total 192 participants 118 (61.4%) were boys and 74 (38.6%) were girls. History of mental illness was present among 33 (16.6%) students. Fourteen students (7.2%) had high BSS score on screening. Within this subgroup of students reporting suicide ideation (n=14), 9 students (69.2%) had seriously contemplated suicide, while 2 students (15.3%) had attempted suicide at least once in their life time. Students who had previous history of mental illness showed higher prevalence of suicide ideation which was statistically significant (p<0.001). However, no significant associations were identified between gender of the student, mother’s occupation, or a history of mental illness among family members and suicide ideation among the medical students.

Conclusion:
Medical students need to be assessed for their mental health and appropriate care and support should be provided to the needy to prevent fatal outcomes among them.
IJCM_335A: Geriatric depression and associated factors: a community-based study in a rural area of Central Kerala
Authors: Chinky M , Bhaskar Anita 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Aging is a complex biological process associated with cellular and molecular damages. Rural India comprises 70 percent of the total geriatric population of the country. Kerala being a demographically advanced state have greater proportions of older population than the national average. Elderly constitutes a vulnerable group for depression, as they are especially prone to suffer adverse consequences of a depressive episode. Depression can cause great suffering and can lead to impaired functioning in daily life.

Objective: :
To estimate the prevalence of depression and determine the associated factors among elderly aged 60 years and above using Geriatric Depression Scale in Tholur Panchayath of Thrissur district, Kerala

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was done among 200 older adults aged 60 years and above in October 2022 in Tholur village panchayat area of Thrissur District in Kerala. Using cluster sampling technique study participants were identified. After obtaining informed consent, a pretested questionnaire is administered to obtain sociodemographic characteristics and details of comorbid illness. The Geriatric Depression Scale, short-form questionnaire, was used as a screening tool for depression. Data was entered in MS Excel and statistically analyzed using the IBM SPSS software (trial version).

Results:
The mean age of the study population was 70.59 ± 7.89 years. 64.5% of the study population were females. 16.5% had mild depression, 10% had moderate depression and 11% had severe depression as per the geriatric depression scale (GDS) scoring.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of depression among the elderly was 37.8 %, and hence early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to reduce its burden in the community
IJCM_338A: Burden Of Common Mental Health Disorders Using GHQ-12 Scale Among The Tribal And Rural Elderly Population In Mysore District.
Authors: Jolly Sebin , Khan Mudassir Azeez 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Common mental disorders (CMD) are a group of distress states manifesting with anxiety, depressive, and unexplained somatic symptoms and are the contemporary equivalent to the older concept of neurotic disorders. Various prevalence studies have shown that elderly population are more vulnerable to such mental health disorders as compared to the younger population. The available literature indicates that there is hardly any effort to understand the morbidity and the needs of such elderly people.

Objective:
i. To estimate the burden of common mental disorders among tribal and rural elderly population using GHQ -12. ii. To estimate the association between common mental disorders and sociodemographic factors.

Methodology:
This is a community based cross sectional study. It was among the tribal and rural elderly population of Mysore district from June to September 2023 using General Health Questionnairre-12(GHQ-12). The 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is the most extensively used screening instrument for common mental disorders. The GHQ-12 has generally demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity in various populations. The sampling method adopted for this study was multistage sampling and in the final stage participants were selected using simple random sampling

Results:
The prevalence of common mental disorders was 35% among rural elderly population and 43% among tribal elderly population. The prevalence of common mental disorders was found to be high among women in both rural and tribal elderly population and the difference was found to be statistically significant

Conclusion:
There are limitations in the study as cross-sectional type of study design was used. Further, analytical studies can be conducted to prove the causative association between common mental disorders and various socio- cultural factor. However, the findings of the study can be used to plan the necessary interventions in the field of elderly mental health
IJCM_342A: Nomophobia and its Relationship with Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Undergraduate Medical Students Of Murshidabad Medical College, West Bengal: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ahamed Tousif , Ghosh Ritu , Das Malay Kumar , Das Dilip Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The study aimed to estimate the magnitude of nomophobia, prevalence and degree of depression, anxiety and stress; the relationship between nomophobia and different mental health status; and also finding the correlates of nomophobia among undergraduate medical students.

Methodology:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in Murshidabad Medical College during September-November 2023, among a calculated sample of 222 undergraduate medical students selected through stratified random sampling. A self-reported English questionnaire comprising background characteristics, smartphone use related characteristics; and validated nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.

Results:
Among the study participants 13.1%, 72.1% and 14.8% had mild, moderate and severe nomophobia respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress were 54.5%, 69.4% and 37.4% respectively. Multivariable binary logistic regression revealed that students aged less than 21 years (AOR: 6.088; 95% CI: 2.053- 18.055), students belonging to joint family (AOR: 6.836; 95% CI: 2.392-19.537) and daily average time spent on smartphone more than 5 hours (AOR:5.314; 95% CI: 1.919-14.721) were at higher risk of developing severe nomophobia. Correlation analysis revealed depression was significantly correlated with Nomophobia (Spearman rho:0.200, p value:0.003).

Conclusion:
Nomophobia is quite prevalent among medical students with varying degree of severity. Mental health status specially depression is correlated with nomophobia. Findings suggests the need for supporting the holistic well-being of medical students through proper health education strategies and workshops on mental health.
IJCM_344A: A Mixed-Methods Study On The Health Literacy Of School Teachers On The Mental Health Concerns, Coping Mechanisms, And Support Systems Of School- Age Adolescents In Puducherry India
Authors: Manjubairavi T. , Kumar Thiruselva D , Iswaryar  
Published: April 2024

Background:
The major challenges in addressing the adolescents with MHDs are lack of early identification, suitable interventions and treatment gap. Teachers are in the front lines of providing care, as students spend the majority of their early adolescence in school, where they endure social challenges.

Objective:
The study investigated teachers’ mental health literacy and their capacity in assisting their students, in addition to current levels of knowledge, awareness, and comfort in addressing students’ mental health concerns.

Methodology:
A Mixed Methods study with an Explanatory Sequential Design was conducted, among Puducherry’s rural and urban schools using a validated questionnaire among students and in-depth interviews with teachers in instructional and further administrative roles, focus groups involving students and teachers separately to collect qualitative data. In SPSS 21, adjusted odds ratios (OR) for MHDs were computed using ordinal logistic regression. The qualitative data was analysed both deductively and inductively using NVivo 12.

Results:
One in ten demonstrated prosocial behaviours, while over half of them battled with peer, emotional, conduct, and hyperactivity issues. Thematic analysis linked MHDs primarily lack of domestic support, financial difficulties, close relationships, and bullying. Substance abuse and isolation were coping mechanisms, which had a negative effect on academic performance. Qualitatively, teachers reported feeling overburdened and stressed, because they lacked the comfort and knowledge to deal with students’ mental health. Though most teachers believe there is a clear need for better mental health care in schools, many demonstrated a strong interest in professional development in this area.

Conclusion:
Restructuring the school health program promptly, adding mental health education to school curricula and creating surveillance data on adolescents’ mental health are essential. We need school environments that are favourable of positive mental health because many MHD triggers happen there.
IJCM_346A: The Impact of Depression and Its Associated Factors in Sleep Among General Population in Perambalur- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aswin A , Sivashakthimani  
Published: April 2024

Background:
Sleep which is directly related to health and quality of life is a basic need for human beings to continue their bio-psycho-social and cultural functions. Sleep deprivation appears to have both global and specific effects on cognition, presumably due to the differential susceptibility of various functionally interdependent brain systems to sleep loss. Sleep deprivation can deteriorate general health and is known to be the reason for the development of several co-morbidities such as diabetes and obesity, and hypertension.

Objective:
To assess the quality of sleep among the general population in Perambalur and investigate the relationship between depression and sleep quality.

Methodology:
A Cross-Sectional study was conducted between December 2022 to February 2023 in Perambalur municipality for the General public. A pre-tested semi-structured proforma was used to collect data. The objective was assessed using a questionnaire made up with the help of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (to assess sleep), and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (to assess depression). Data were collected and analysed after obtaining informed consent. Data analyses were done by using the chi-square test. For the comparison of sleep and depression multivariable logistic regression is used.

Results:
In this study with 650 participants 41.4% are male and around 73.8% had higher education. Those with minimal depression are 59.2% and those having good sleep are 78.2%. The participants who had organised work had no depression (67.1%) which is statistically significant

Conclusion:
The conclusion showed that quality of sleep in general population was poor and had their depression levels were elevated. Depression was more prevalent among females. Researchers, government and corporate sectors are encouraged to assess the public well being, working hours, metal status of the people with awareness programs, camps and workshops.
IJCM_348A: Assessment of Quality of life, Mood Disorders and Sleepiness among Medical and Engineering students- A comparative study in MGM campus, Aurangabad.
Authors: Pahune Vishal 
Published: April 2024

Background:
College students, who are in a phase of transition from adolescence to adulthood, are in the most Challenging phase of life. Stress is one of the most important determinant of health & its Prevalence of stress has varies from 53.6 to 73.5 in Indian medical students. QOL is assessed by calculating 4 domains namely Physical, Psychological, Social and Environmental domain, Rationale of the study is to Due to Competitive environment among students they are at greater risk of Stress, Depression and anxiety. Present study compares the quality of life as well as mood status of Medical and Engineering Students in MGM campus

Objective:
1. To study the effect of professional course on the Quality of life and mood disorders among Undergraduate medical and engineering students. 2. To compare QOL in medical and engineering students 3. To assess the mood disorders like stress, depression, anxiety among undergraduates of medical and engineering college. 4. To study daytime sleepiness among participants.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional Comparative research design was adopted that includes Medical Students and Engineering Students of Mahatma Gandhi Mission Campus. 25 students of each year (1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th.) of Medical and Engineering. Inclusion Criteria: - Both genders, willing to give consent. Exclusion Criteria: - none. Study conducted in July 2023 to Sept. 2023. Pre- structured Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Quality of life was assessed using WHOQOL-BREF which is an international cross-sectional assessment instrument. Data was conducted by personal interview. Our sample size is 200

Results:
Mean values & ranges of QOL are as following, Physical domain 57.4(32.1-93.6), psychological domain 65(16.6-95.8), Social domain 63.4(30-95.7), Environmental domain 67.4 (28.1-100).

Conclusion:
We found out that maximum number of students had significant mood disturbances and poor quality of life. Medical students were weak in all the three domains when compared to engineering students.
IJCM_349A: Uncovering the hidden burden: a mixed-methods study on the implementation of depression screening among persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an urban primary care setting
Authors: Pracheth R , Trivedi Ojaswini 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Diabetes is linked with depression, but screening rates for depression are low, indicating a need for periodic screening among those with diabetes

Objective:
The study aims to determine depression prevalence and associated factors in persons with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in an urban primary care setting of Karnataka, as well as implementation challenges in depression screening for persons with T2DM as perceived by healthcare providers

Methodology:
We carried out a mixed-methods study over a period of six months at an Urban Primary Health Centre (UPHC) in Bengaluru. Depression screening was carried out in 110 persons with T2DM using Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Key Informant Interviews were carried out among various health care providers of the UPHC. Data was captured using EpiCollect Version 5.0. Univariate logistic regression was carried out to find the factors associated with depression.

Results:
Of the 110 participants, 60 (54.5%) screened positive for depression. Duration of diabetes (95% CI=0.203,0.943; P=0.035); presence of comorbidities (Odds Ratio=3.226; 95% CI=1.362,7.638; P=0.008), presence of complications (Odds Ratio=3.000; 95% CI=1.341,6.713; P=0.008) were found to be significantly associated with depression. The key facilitators for screening were willingness to implement screening, empathetic attitude, and awareness of mental health whereas the challenges included lack of training in mental health assessment and patient reluctance to adhere to treatment due to stigma.

Conclusion:
More than half the study participants screened positive for depression, with significant associations found between depression and duration of diabetes, comorbidities, and complications. Several challenges in implementing depression screening for T2DM in primary care settings were noted.
IJCM_35A: Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in central India
Authors: Katole Ashwini , Saoji Ajeet , Ruikar Manisha 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Infertility is a public health issue affecting a large part of the world’s population. Violence against women, Spousal or intimate partner violence is the most common form of domestic violence; a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Especially sexual violence, is one of the most pressing public health concerns affecting women today.

Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of spousal violence, various types of spousal violence and factors associated with it among reproductive age group women.

Methodology:
This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Urban Health Training Centre area of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nagpur, India among married women between 15-49 years of age. The reproductive age group women were 3985 according to health survey done by UHTC. Out of which the data was collected in a sample of 82 infertile women by face-to-face interview and analysed using SPSS v22. Predesign pretested questioner use for data collection. The ethical consideration was taken from the institute for the study.

Results:
The prevalence of spousal violence among reproductive age group (15-49 years) women was found to be 79.7%; emotional violence (64.1%) being the most common, followed by physical (71.2%) and sexual (53.6%) violence in that order

Conclusion:
Infertility and associated domestic violence is a significant public health issue, it would be necessary to pay attention to infertile women to ensure the quality of their of reproductive health.
IJCM_350A: Tobacco Abuse Among Adolescents in Shivamogga
Authors: Mallya Ajay , Koppad Raghavendraswamy , Kumar Praveen N 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Tobacco and alcohol are very commonly used by the youth in urban and rural areas. NFHS-3 data shows that, among adolescents, 29% and 4% is the prevalence of tobacco use among males and females respectively. These numbers represent the overall usage of tobacco in some form, either cigarette, beedis or gutka. Studies have also shown a direct relationship between depression and prevalence of higher daily smoking rates.

Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of tobacco abuse among adolescents

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 700 adolescent boys and girls aged 16-19 years in rural and urban field areas of SIMS Shivamogga from August 2020 to September 2020. A pre-tested semi structured questionnaire which included questions on demographic details and tobacco consumption was used to collect data. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel spread sheet. SPSS (Version 21) was used to perform statistical analysis. Results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages.

Results:
The prevalence of smoking among urban and rural adolescents was 9.1% and 11.1% respectively. Pan masala was the most common form of smokeless tobacco used.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in Shivamogga aligns consistently with findings observed in comparable studies conducted across various regions of India.
IJCM_351A: A study on Internet use and its association with psychopathology of Sleep among: students at a Government Medical college in Koppal, Karnataka
Authors: Nimbannavar Smita M 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Internet addiction has become a very common disorder because of which youngsters are wasting a lot of time, becoming irritable and depressed and having poor academic/ work performance and are becoming victims of social isolation. College students have easy access to internet and so there is high chance of higher prevalence of Internet addiction among them. By studying the association of internet usage and its impact on sleep we can set boundaries for early warning signs of underlying psychopathology at the earliest.

Objective:
The Objectives of the study were: 1) To estimate the prevalence of Internet addiction among medical students in the study setting, 2) To estimate the prevalence of psychopathology in sleep pattern among medical students in the study setting, and 3) To determine the impact of Internet addiction on psychopathology in sleep pattern among them.

Methodology: :
A cross sectional study was conducted among medical students at a Government Medical college, Koppal, Karnataka for a duration of 3 months from June 2023 to August 2023. Data collection was done using a pretested and semi structured questionnaire (shared through Google form) consisting of questionnaires of Internet addiction test (IAT) to assess Internet use and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess quality of sleep among them along with socio demographic and other relevant details. Statistical analysis was done using WHO Epi info software version 3.5.4.

Results:
The prevalence of Internet addiction among medical students was 286 (57.2%) and was found to be mild, moderate and severe in 214 (42.8%), 68 (13.6%) and 4 (0.8%) of students respectively. Quality of sleep was disturbed in 270 (54%) of students according to PSQI. The study found significant association between Internet addiction among medical students and quality of sleep among them

Conclusion:
Need for Behavior change communication strategies to reduce unnecessary use of Internet.