bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anamneses-Based Internet Information Supply: Can a Combination of an Expert System and Meta-Search Engine Help Consumers find the Health Information they Require?
Authors: Honekamp Wilfried , Ostermann Herwig 
Published: April 2010

An increasing number of people search for health information online. During the last 10 years various researchers have determined the requirements for an ideal consumer health information system. The aim of this study was to figure out, whether medical laymen can find a more accurate diagnosis for a given anamnesisviathe developed prototype health information system thanviaordinary internet search.In a randomized controlled trial, the prototype information system was evaluated by the assessment of two sample cases. Participants had to determine the diagnosis of a patient with a headacheviainformation found searching the web. A patient’s history sheet and a computer with internet access were provided to the participants and they were guided through the study by an especially designed study website. The intervention group used the prototype information system; the control group used common search engines and portals. The numbers of correct diagnoses in each group were compared.A total of 140 (60/80) participants took part in two study sections. In the first case, which determined a common diagnosis, both groups did equally well. In the second section, which determined a less common and more complex case, the intervention group did significantly better (P=0.031) due to the tailored information supply.Using medical expert systems in combination with a portal searching meta-search engine represents a feasible strategy to provide reliable patient-tailored information and can ultimately contribute to patient safety with respect to information foundviathe internet.
In Defense of Data: Information and the Costs of Privacy
Authors: Lenard Thomas M. , Rubin Paul H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe commercial use of information on the Internet has produced substantial benefits for consumers. But, as the use of information online has increased, so have concerns about privacy. This paper discusses how the use of individuals' information for commercial purposes affects consumers, and the implications of restricting information availability in the interest of privacy. It lays out a range of information benefits to consumers of the commercial use of online information, including targeted services, cost reductions through targeted advertising, efficient search engines, differential pricing and re‐use of information. It argues that firms have incentives to satisfy customers' privacy preferences and that restrictions in the legitimate use of information may not lead to further privacy benefits. It discusses a number of policy proposals geared at maximizing privacy, arguing that benefits to consumers would be outweighed by the information costs.
Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury
Authors: Dehne Marius , Hartmann Bernd , Katzer Christian , Röhrig Rainer 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
There is a considerable lack of data concerning the diagnostic testing for kidney damage after surgical procedures. In this situation the most important variables should be examined with respect to their clinical informative value, the costs associated with their analysis, and their potential use in routine diagnostic testing. Forty patients in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) with acute kidney injury (AKI) that developed during their stay of 13–18 (median, 16) days in the ICU were examined daily during their entire ICU admission. The bulk of the laboratory research consisted of the measurement of creatinine, urea, and sodium, as well as clearances rates and diuresis. Various tests for diagnosing regional renal damage (enzymes and proteins) were also carried out. The included photometry, nephelometric analysis, and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Five days before an AKI became evident, pathologic levels of urinary α1-microglobulin (tubular parameter) could already be confirmed. Serum creatinine values or creatinine clearance indicated the presence of disease only 1 day before the AKI was seen. Our results show that determination of α1-microglobulin and immunoglobulin G (glomerular parameter) levels, in addition to the level of urea in serum, be recommended for patients in surgical intensive care units who are at risk for AKI. Use of these procedures can achieve early recognition and sufficiently precise localization of renal damage.
The effect of environmental factors on filtration and the oxygen consumption rate of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis: a primary exploration of red tide control
Authors: Kang Kyoung , Seon Seung , Brzozowska Renata , Lee Jae 
Published: April 2010

The effect of environmental factors on filtration and the oxygen consumption rate of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis: a primary exploration of red tide control
To evaluate the potential to control red tides using the mass-cultured heterotrophic grazer, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, the effects of environmental factors (water temperature and salinity) on physical activities (filtration and oxygen consumption rate) of B. plicatilis were estimated. Experiments were conducted at different water temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C) and salinities (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 PSU), in 25 different combinations (5 temperatures × 5 salinities). Results showed that water temperature and salinity had significant effects on the filtration rate of B. plicatilis (F=41.66, P<0.05). The results of multiple regression analysis yielded the following functional dependence of filtration rate (F) on water temperature (T) and salinity (S): F=-1.658+0.917 T+0.63S (R2=0.769, P<0.001). The highest filtration rate (4.23 ±0.74 μl rot-1 h-1) was obtained at 30°C and salinity 35 PSU, and the lowest one (0.869 ±0.13 μl rot-1 h-1) was observed at 15°C and salinity 20 PSU. Both water temperature and salinity had significant effects on the oxygen consumption rate of B. plicatilis (F=34.08, P<0.05). The results of multiple regression analysis yielded the following functional dependence of oxygen consumption rate (O) on water temperature (T) and salinity (S): O=-3.133+0.165T+0.81S (R2=0.938, P<0.001). The highest oxygen consumption rate (5.38 ±0.66 ng rot-1 h-1) was observed at 35°C and salinity 40 PSU, and the lowest one (1.01 ±0.15 ng rot-1 h-1) was observed at 15°C and salinity 20 PSU. Results from this present study indicated that the filtration and oxygen consumption rate of the rotifer were significantly influenced by the water temperature and salinity. The utilization of rotifer for red tide control has to consider the influence of environmental factors.
The effect of sodium amidotrizoate on the growth and content of various metabolites in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck
Authors: Pietryczuk Anna , Czerpak Romuald , Popławska Beata , Wolski Tadeusz 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The aim of this work is to detect how 3,5-diacetamido-2,4,6-triiodosodium benzoate (sodium amidotrizoate), a synthetic derivative of the anti-auxin triiodonezoic acid (TIBA), influences the growth and content of primary metabolites in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck. It strongly suppressed cell number by 6-20%, chlorophyll a by 6-14%, chlorophyll b by 20-24%, total carotenoids by 7-13% and monosaccharides by 7-8% at the concentration of 10-4 M, in comparison to the control. On the other hand, sodium amidotrizoate applied at lower concentrations (10-7 - 10-6 M) acted as a weak stimulator of analyzed biochemical compounds in algal cells. No statistically significant effect was detected with the application of sodium amidotrizoate at a concentration of 10-8 M. It seems that sodium amidotrizoate plays an important role in algal growth and development and probably possesses anti-auxin activity, like TIBA.
The biodiversity of psammon rotifers in Włocławek Reservoir
Authors: Bielańska-Grajner Irena , Poznańska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In total 47 rotifer taxa were found in the psammon of Włocławek Reservoir; 36 at the site in Dobiegniewo and 38 at Dobrzyń. Five species were classified as psammobionts, 14 as psammophiles, and the remaining ones as psammoxens. Psammobionts and psammophiles were observed mostly in the psammon at Dobiegniewo.
The highest density of psammon rotifers was noted in the euarenal zone of the flooded part of the reservoir. However, the highest density in the area near the swift current was noted in the hygroarenal zone. While the flooded part of the reservoir had four dominant species of rotifer: Lecane closterocerca, L. scutata, Lepadella patella and Cephalodella catellina, the area near the swift current had only two: Cephalodella catellina and Brachionus quadridentatus.

The most favorable conditions for the development of psammon rotifers was in the flooded area of the reservoir. In comparison with other dam-reservoirs in Poland, the community of these rotifer types in the Włocławek Reservoir was characterized by considerable species richness.
Biofilm development on acrylic coupons during the initial 24 hour period of submersion in a tropical coastal environment
Authors: Satheesh Sathyanasen , Wesley Samuel 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The sequence of biofilm formation on a hard surface during the first 24 hours in a coastal environment was studied by suspending acrylic coupons. Adsorption of carbohydrates, proteins, calcium, magnesium, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate were monitored along with microbes. The results showed that carbohydrate, protein, nitrite and nitrate were adsorbed on the coupons within an hour of exposure. Carbohydrates showed a maximum value of 0.28 mg cm-2 after 24 hours and protein concentration reached up to a maximum of 0.41 mg cm-2. Adsorption of calcium and magnesium was observed after three hours. Settlement of bacteria was also observed on coupons within an hour and diatoms were observed after 15 hours. Diatoms such as Navicula and Nitzschia were the dominant colonizers during the early stages of biofilm development.
New arylhydrazonothiazolidin-5-one disperse dyes for dyeing polyester fibers
Authors: Metwally Mohamed , Khalifa Mohamed , Attia Ehab , Amer Fathy 
Published: April 2010

New arylhydrazonothiazolidin-5-one disperse dyes for dyeing polyester fibers
A series of new thiazolidin-5-one disperse dyes was synthesized from the reactions of 2-substituted 3-phenylthiazolidinones with various aryldiazonium chlorides. The synthesized dyes were characterized by UV-visible absorption, IR, NMR and MS spectroscopy. The dyes gave orange to reddish-violet shades with very good depth on polyester fibers. The dyed fabrics show moderate to good fastness to light and very good to excellent fastness to washing and perspiration. Also, the assessment of color coordinates was discussed.
Extraction of vanadium compounds from the used vanadium catalyst with the potassium hydroxide solution
Authors: Mazurek Krzysztof , Białowicz Katarzyna , Trypuć Mieczysław 
Published: April 2010

Extraction of vanadium compounds from the used vanadium catalyst with the potassium hydroxide solution
The paper presents the results of the research on the degree of the recovery of vanadium(V) from the used vanadium catalyst with the use of KOH solution. The extraction was performed at 293 - 323 K, for 0.5 to 4 h and the catalysts of the variable grain diameter. The concentration of the extracting solution was varied in the range 5 - 20%. The optimal ratio of solid to liquid phase S/L was determined. Additionally the degree of the recovery of total iron ions was presented.
Graded Activity and Graded Exposure for Persistent Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Macedo Luciana G. , Smeets Rob J.E.M. , Maher Christopher G. , Latimer Jane , McAuley James H. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundGraded activity and graded exposure are increasingly being used in the management of persistent low back pain; however, their effectiveness remains poorly understood.PurposeThe aim of this study was to systematically review randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of graded activity or graded exposure for persistent (&gt;6 weeks in duration or recurrent) low back pain.Data SourcesTrials were electronically searched and rated for quality by use of the PEDro scale (values of 0–10).Study SelectionRandomized controlled trials of graded activity or graded exposure that included pain, disability, global perceived effect, or work status outcomes were included in the study.Data ExtractionOutcomes were converted to a scale from 0 to 100. Trials were pooled with software used for preparing and maintaining Cochrane reviews. Results are presented as weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.Data SynthesisFifteen trials with 1,654 patients were included. The trials had a median quality score of 6 (range=3–9). Pooled effects from 6 trials comparing graded activity with a minimal intervention or no treatment favored graded activity, with 4 contrasts being statistically significant: mean values (95% confidence intervals) for pain in the short term, pain in the intermediate term, disability in the short term, and disability in the intermediate term were −6.2 (−9.4 to −3.0), −5.5 (−9.9 to −1.0), −6.5 (−10.1 to −3.0), and −3.9 (−7.4 to −0.4), respectively. None of the pooled effects from 6 trials comparing graded activity with another form of exercise, from 4 trials comparing graded activity with graded exposure, and from 2 trials comparing graded exposure with a waiting list were statistically significant.LimitationsLimitations of this review include the low quality of the studies, primarily those that evaluated graded exposure; the use of various types of outome measures; and differences in the implementation of the interventions, adding to the heterogeneity of the studies.ConclusionsThe available evidence suggests that graded activity in the short term and intermediate term is slightly more effective than a minimal intervention but not more effective than other forms of exercise for persistent low back pain. The limited evidence suggests that graded exposure is as effective as minimal treatment or graded activity for persistent low back pain.
Mental Illness Among Police Fatalities in Victoria 1982–2007: Case Linkage Study
Authors: Kesic Dragana , Thomas Stuart D.M. , Ogloff James R.P. 
Published: April 2010

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the mental health and offending histories for all cases that resulted in fatal use of force by Victoria Police between November 1982 and February 2007. Methods: Forty-eight fatalities were extracted from the Use of Force (UoF) Register, and then linked with the mental health and police contacts databases. These data were supplemented, where necessary, with relevant information from Coronial Reports and an Office of Police Integrity Report. Results: All but six cases had involved recorded histories with mental health and criminal justice systems before the fatal incident occurred. Rates of all Axis I disorders were significantly overrepresented, with estimated rates of psychosis and schizophrenia 11.3- and 17.3-fold higher than estimated rates in the general population (95% confidence intervals = 6.3–20.2 and 9.2–32.4, respectively). Although the number of fatalities has halved since inception of Project Beacon (32 before vs 16 after 1995), there has been no reduction in representation of mental illness among those fatally shot. Conclusions: The significant over-representation of Axis I disorders, including severe mental disorders of psychosis and schizophrenia, is of considerable concern for both the police and the mental health providers. Functional interagency partnerships and police training on how to interact with people in distress are recommended to address the overrepresentation of mentally ill persons in these encounters.
Utilization of Public Mental Health Services in a Random Community Sample
Authors: Short Tamsin , Thomas Stuart , Luebbers Stefan , Ogloff James R. P. , Mullen Paul 
Published: April 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine patterns of service utilization in the public mental health service in the Australian state of Victoria. Lifetime contact with the public mental health system will be used to approximate lifetime prevalence for schizophrenia in the community. Method: A case-linkage design joined a statewide psychiatric register with a random sample of community members drawn from a statewide electoral roll (n = 4830). In cases where individuals had been in contact with public mental health services, their full contact history was extracted. Results: Members of the community come into contact with public mental health services for a variety of reasons, including those beyond the scope of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, with 23% of those who made contact not receiving a psychiatric diagnosis and/or ongoing treatment. Although only 0.7% of the sample had a lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia, these persons accounted for a significant proportion of public mental health service use. Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders were particularly prevalent among psychiatric crisis and extended care and supervision services. Conclusions: The Australian public mental health system has undergone significant reform in recent years. As a result, there has been a shift towards community-based care and a marked reduction in inpatient facilities. The public mental health system is a service that primarily serves those with a psychotic illness, thereby dictating that persons with so-called high-prevalence disorders, including affective and/or substance use disorders, seek psychiatric treatment elsewhere.
Economic Use of Brewer’s Dried Grain (BDG) in the Diet of Swine
Authors: Rijal T. B. , Nepali D. B. , Sah R. A. , Sharma M. P. 
Published: April 2010

An experiment was conducted from 18th October, 2006 to 18th January, 2007 at IAAS Livestock Farm, Rampur, Chitwan to determine the substitution effects of soybean meal with brewer's dried grain (BDG) on the performance, economics and meat traits of swine production. Starter, grower and finisher diets were formulated containing 18, 16, and 14% CP respectively with 3000 Kcal/kg ME and adequately supplemented with required vitamins, minerals and amino acids. The treatments were: diet without brewer's dried grain -T1 (control diet), diet substituted with 10% brewer's dried grain-T2, diet substituted with 20% brewer's dried grain-T3, diet substituted with 30% brewer's dried grain-T4 and diet substituted with 35% brewer's dried grain-T5. Twenty weaned piglets having 7.37 to 7.94 kg live weight were housed in individual pens. Five piglets were randomly assigned to the five treatments following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) considering each individual as a replication. Fortnightly live weight, daily feed consumption, income over feed and pig cost, and different meat traits of pigs were recorded. The effect of replacing formulated diets with various level of brewer's dried grains on body weight gain was significant (p<0.01) with higher level of substitution resulting lower live-weight at the end of each of starter, grower and finisher diet period. The average body weight of piglets substituted with 35%BDG (27.00kg) and 30%BDG (39.75kg) were significantly lower (p<0.01) compared to the weight of piglets receiving 0% (65.75kg), 10% (64.25kg) and 20% (60.25kg) BDG replaced diets at the end of 3 months experimental period. A significant reduction (P<0.01) in average daily feed consumption were also recorded with increasing level of BDG in the diet. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in T2 at early period which at finisher stage T3 diet resulted significantly better FCR which was at par with T1 and T2 diet fed group. However, T5 diet resulted the poorest feed conversion ratio of 5.26, 4.92 and 5.87 for starter, grower and finisher respectively. There was reduction in feed cost with different levels of BDG substitution in diet of pig. Highest income (in per cent) over expenditure (109.01%) was found in T2 followed by T1, T3, and T4. Lowest income over expenditure (-8.2%) was found in T5. Highest dressing percent (71.87%) was recorded in T1 and lowest (70%) in T5 diet fed group. Inclusion of 10-20% BDG seems most acceptable level of substitution of SBM. However, this result needs to be verified under farmer's management condition before recommendation.Key words: Brewer's dried grains; Swine performanceDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2820 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 29-35
Entropy of Mixing of Liquid NaCd System
Authors: Chatterjee S. K. , Prasad L. C. , Bhattarai A. 
Published: April 2010

The observed asymmetric behaviour of mixing properties of NaCd liquid alloys, with smaller negative value for excess free energy of mixing (-4.4919KJ) has aroused our interest to undertake a theoretical investigation of this system.The existence of an intermetallic compound in the solid phase, which is manifested in the phase diagram, may be one of the factors for the anomalous behaviour of property of mixing. A simple statistical mechanical theory based on complex formation model (the complex is formed by the preferential arrangement of A and B constituent atoms of the alloy AB ;( μA + νB = Aμ Bν) has been used to investigate the phenomena of compound formation in NaCd liquid alloys through the study of entropy of mixing through out the whole concentration range.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 105-107
The Corrosion Behavior of Sputter-deposited W-Ti Alloys in 0.5 M NaCl Solution
Authors: Bhattarai Jagadeesh 
Published: April 2010

The corrosion behavior of the sputter-deposited amorphous or nanocrystalline W-Ti alloys was studied in neutral 0.5 MNaCl solution at 25°C, open to air by immersion tests, electrochemical measurements and confocal scanning laser microscopic(CSLM) techniques. Titanium metal acts synergistically with tungsten in enhancing the corrosion resistance of the sputter-deposited W-Ti alloys so as to show higher corrosion resistance than those of alloy-constituting elements (that is, tungsten and titanium) in neutral 0.5 M NaCl solution. In particular, the amorphous W-Ti alloys containing 30-53 at% titanium showed lowest corrosion rates (that is, about 1 × 10-3 mm.y-1). Open circuit potentials of all the examined W-Ti alloys were shifted to more noble direction than those of the open circuit potentials of alloyconstituting elements in 0.5 M NaCl solution.Key words: Sputter deposition; W-Ti alloys; Corrosion-resistant; CSLM; NaCl solution.DOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2899Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page:109-113
Thermal Induced Structural Conductivity in LPCVD Polysilicon Film on Silicon Nitride/SiO<sub>2</sub> Capped (100) Silicon
Authors: Lamichhane Shobha Kanta , Akhtar Jamil 
Published: April 2010

Polysilicon (PS) grains are clustered in an order in the presence of thermal doping of boron in low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD). PS layer is lying on silicon nitride/silicon dioxide bed over (100) silicon substrate. The doped PS at different temperatures has been analyzed for the grain size and the shape of the clusters, employing non-contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). The grain size of the PS remains intact without a significant change with increasing doping temperature. A substantial increase in the cluster size and its density of the grains has been observed. The cluster formation mechanism induced by thermal variation is discussed in the context of recorded AFM images. The clusters lead to PS rings comprising of grains of the size of 100 nm.Keywords: Doping; Polisilico; Nanophysics; Grainsize; AFM; MEMS; LPCVD; SOI; ContactmodeDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2901Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 115-119