bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional connectivity associations with anterior cingulate sulcal variability
Authors: Harper Luke , Strandberg Olof , Spotorno Nicola , Nilsson Markus , Lindberg Olof , Hansson Oskar , Santillo Alexander F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSulcation of the anterior cingulate may be defined by presence of a paracingulate sulcus, a tertiary sulcus developing during the third gestational trimester with implications on cognitive function and disease. In this cross-sectional study we examine task-free resting state functional connectivity and diffusion-weighted tract segmentation data from a cohort of healthy adults (< 60-year-old, n = 129), exploring the impact of ipsilateral paracingulate sulcal presence on structural and functional connectivity. Presence of a left paracingulate sulcus was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy in the left cingulum bundle and the left peri-genual and dorsal bundle segments, suggesting reduced structural organisational coherence in these tracts. This association was not observed in the offsite temporal cingulum bundle segment. Left paracingulate sulcal presence was associated with increased left peri-genual radial diffusivity and tract volume possibly suggesting increased U-fibre density in this region. Greater network dispersity was identified in individuals with an absent left paracingulate sulcus by presence of a significant, predominantly intraregional, frontal component of resting state functional connectivity which was not present in individuals with a present left paracingulate sulcus. Seed-based functional connectivity in pre-defined networks was not associated with paracingulate sulcal presence. These results identify a novel association between sulcation and structural connectivity in a healthy adult population with implications for conditions where this variation is of interest. Presence of a left paracingulate sulcus appears to alter local structural and functional connectivity, possibly as a result of the presence of a local network reliant on short association fibres.
Mutant TP53 promotes invasion of lung cancer cells by regulating desmoglein 3
Authors: Feng Yu , Qian Rulin , Cui Dong , Luan Jiaqiang , Xu Mingxing , Wang Ling , Li Ruijie , Wu Xiao , Chang Chaoying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Targeted therapies have markedly improved the prognosis of lung cancer patients; nevertheless, challenges persist, including limited beneficiary populations and the emergence of drug resistance. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms of mutant TP53 in lung cancer, aiming to contribute to novel strategies for targeted therapy.

Methods
The TCGA database was employed to delineate the mutational landscape of TP53 in lung cancer patients. Differential gene expression between TP53-mutant and wild-type patients was analyzed, followed by functional enrichment. DSG3 protein expression in lung cancer patients was assessed using IHC, and its impact on prognosis was analyzed in the TCGA database. The influence of TP53 on the downstream gene DSG3 was investigated using qPCR, ChIP-qPCR, and luciferase reporter gene assays. Protein enrichment in the DSG3 promoter region was examined through IP-MS, and the regulatory role of the HIF1-α/TP53 complex on DSG3 was explored using Co-IP, luciferase assays, and ChIP-qPCR. Molecular interactions between TP53 (R273H) and HIF1-α were detected through immunoprecipitation and molecular docking. The effects and mechanisms of DSG3 on lung cancer phenotypes were assessed through WB, transwell, and wound healing assays.

Results
TP53 mutations were present in 47.44% of patients, predominantly as missense mutations. DSG3 exhibited high expression in TP53-mutant lung cancer patients, and this elevated expression correlated with a poorer prognosis. TP53 interference led to a reduction in DSG3 mRNA expression, with TP53 mutant P53 enriching at the P2 site of the DSG3 promoter region, a recruitment facilitated by HIF1-α. The DBD region of TP53 (R273H) demonstrated interaction with HIF1-α. DSG3, activated through Ezrin phosphorylation, played a role in promoting invasion and metastasis.

Conclusions
Mutant TP53 facilitates lung cancer cell invasion by modulating desmoglein 3.

Graphical abstract
Influence of Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, and Ta on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Cr-Al-N Coatings
Authors: Mayrhofer Paul H. , Zhou Liangcai , Holec David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe demand for cutting tools drives the quest for advanced hard coatings, emphasizing hardness, thermal stability, toughness, tribological properties, wear, corrosion, and oxidation resistance. Chromium Nitride (CrN) is prized for its exceptional attributes, including hardness, wear and oxidation resistance, and chemical inertness, making it valuable for protective coatings. Additionally, its magnetic properties and electronic structures garner significant attention in materials science.This study aims to unravel the physics behind CrN-based materials, bridging theory with experiments to guide the design of new coating materials. Through first principles calculations within the alloy theory framework, we systematically explore alloying effects on chemical-related trends, including phase stability as well as structural and mechanical properties.Our findings highlight strong compositional dependencies in ternary Cr1-xAlxN alloys, connecting electronic structures, lattice mismatch, and mixing enthalpy to predict decomposition tendencies. Furthermore, we predict ductility trends in quaternary Cr1-x-yAlxTMyN solid solutions (partly based on our previous studies on ternary Cr1-yTMyN), emphasizing bonding character and electronic structure. Ultimately, these trends offer vital insights into experimental observations, aiding in the design of novel hard coatings.
Kinematic reconstruction of the Alpine Tethys and surrounding Mesozoic rifted margins
Authors: Frasca Gianluca , Manatschal Gianreto , Chenin Pauline 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn plate kinematic reconstructions, the restoration of rifted margins and their fossil equivalents exposed in orogens remains challenging. Tight fit reconstructions rely on the mapping of margins rift domains, their restoration to their pre-rift crustal thickness, and the removal of the oceanic and exhumed mantle domains. At present-day margins, high-resolution wide-angle seismic imaging allows mapping and measurement of rift domains; however, restoring fossil margins is trickier because they are largely overprinted and partially lost during convergence. Here, we present a new kinematic model for the Mesozoic rifting along the Tethys–Atlantic junction, which relies on two assumptions: (1) the width of the fossil Alpine Tethys rift domains was comparable to that of their present-day analogs, and (2) the necking zones of the former tectonic plates can be mapped, dated and used as kinematic markers. This reproducible workflow allows us, for the first time, to restore the rifted margins of the Alpine Tethys. Our reconstruction shows: (1) a westward propagation of extension through the Ionian, Alpine Tethys and Pyrenean rift systems from the Triassic to the Cretaceous, (2) the segmentation of the Mesozoic Tethyan rifted margins by strike-slip corridors, (3) the opening of an oceanic gateway at 165 Ma as mantle was exhumed along the entire Alpine Tethys and (4) the subdivision of the Mesozoic oceanic domain into compartments that were later consumed during subduction. This new model is supported by published data from the Alps, the Ionian Sea, the Pyrenees and the southern North Atlantic.
Graphical abstract
Infrared Spectroscopy Can Differentiate Between Cartilage Injury Models: Implication for Assessment of Cartilage Integrity
Authors: Shahini Fatemeh , Oskouei Soroush , Nippolainen Ervin , Mohammadi Ali , Sarin Jaakko K. , Moller Nikae C. R. te , Brommer Harold , Shaikh Rubina , Korhonen Rami K. , van Weeren P. René , Töyräs Juha , Afara Isaac O. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the ability of clinical diagnosis to differentiate articular cartilage (AC) injury of different origins, this study explores the sensitivity of mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for detecting structural, compositional, and functional changes in AC resulting from two injury types. Three grooves (two in parallel in the palmar-dorsal direction and one in the mediolateral direction) were made via arthrotomy in the AC of the radial facet of the third carpal bone (middle carpal joint) and of the intermediate carpal bone (the radiocarpal joint) of nine healthy adult female Shetland ponies (age = 6.8 ± 2.6 years; range 4–13 years) using blunt and sharp tools. The defects were randomly assigned to each of the two joints. Ponies underwent a 3-week box rest followed by 8 weeks of treadmill training and 26 weeks of free pasture exercise before being euthanized for osteochondral sample collection. The osteochondral samples underwent biomechanical indentation testing, followed by MIR spectroscopic assessment. Digital densitometry was conducted afterward to estimate the tissue's proteoglycan (PG) content. Subsequently, machine learning models were developed to classify the samples to estimate their biomechanical properties and PG content based on the MIR spectra according to injury type. Results show that MIR is able to discriminate healthy from injured AC (91%) and between injury types (88%). The method can also estimate AC properties with relatively low error (thickness = 12.7% mm, equilibrium modulus = 10.7% MPa, instantaneous modulus = 11.8% MPa). These findings demonstrate the potential of MIR spectroscopy as a tool for assessment of AC integrity changes that result from injury.
Estimating the monetary cost of biological invasions to South Africa
Authors: McCulloch-Jones Emily J. , Cuthbert Ross N. , van Wilgen Brian W. , Wilson John R. U. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEstimates of the cost of damage caused by invasive alien speices and the money spent addressing biological invasions are needed to guide policy and management. Here, we quantify the known monetary costs of biological invasions to South Africa, using data from the InvaCost database, literature searches, and stakeholders. The Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, and agencies directly funded by them, provided most of the information on money spent, with very little information was available from other government agencies and the private sector. There was also very little information on the monetary costs due to the impacts of invasions. Between 1960 and 2023, ZAR9.6 billion (adjusted to 2022 values) was spent managing biological invasions in South Africa. This is only 4% of the money predicted as being necessary for management, which amounted to ZAR231.8 billion in 2022 values. There is uncertainty in the obtained estimates due to a paucity of information on both impacts and management costs. A few key points emerged from our analysis: the cost of damage caused by invasions far exceeds expenditure on control; the amount spent on control is much less than what is predicted to be needed; almost all management has focussed on a few invasive plant species; and there are large gaps in information that reduce the confidence in our estimates. Transparent cost reporting, strategic public–private collaborations, standardised impact metrics, and reliable assessments of management effectiveness are needed to enable South Africa to more effectively account for and prioritise investments.
p53 protein expression patterns associated with TP53 mutations in breast carcinoma
Authors: Anderson Sarah A. , Bartow Brooke B. , Harada Shuko , Siegal Gene P. , Wei Shi , Dal Zotto Valeria L. , Huang Xiao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The importance of a TP53 mutation has been demonstrated in several tumor types, including breast cancer (BC). However, the accuracy of p53 protein expression as a predictor of gene mutation has not been well studied in BC. Therefore, we evaluated p53 protein expression associated with TP53 mutations in breast cancers from 64 patients.

Methods
TP53 mutation was examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS). p53 protein expression was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results
Among the 64 BCs, 55% demonstrated abnormal expression patterns including 27% overexpression, 22% null, 6% equivocal with 45% having a wild-type pattern. A TP53 mutation was present in 53% (34/64) of tumors including 30% (19/64) demonstrating a missense mutation, 11% (7/64) with a frameshift mutation, 11% (7/64) with a nonsense mutation, and 3% (1/64) with a splice site mutation. Abnormal expression of p53 protein was present in 33 of 34 (97%) tumors carrying a TP53 mutation; conversely, a wild-type pattern was present in 28 of 30 (93%) tumors without a detectable mutation (p < 0.0001). The majority of BCs with a p53 IHC overexpression pattern (15/17, 88%) contained a missense TP53 mutation; while the majority of BCs with a null pattern (12/14, 86%) contained a truncating mutation (p < 0.0001). The BCs with a null pattern are associated with a high Nottingham histological grade and a triple-negative phenotype when compared to those demonstrating overexpression (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that p53 IHC can be a potential surrogate for TP53 mutations in BC. Different p53 expression patterns may correlate with specific TP53 genetic mutations in BC.
Reliability of Magseed® marking before neoadjuvant systemic therapy with subsequent contrast-enhanced mammography in patients with non-palpable breast cancer lesions after treatment: the MAGMA study
Authors: Bravo Eva Iglesias , Martínez Antonio Mariscal , Alvà Helena Peris , Sancho Diego Riol , López José Carlos Antela , Sánchez Joel Aranda , Casa Pilar Escobar , de las Heras Cristina Gómez , Venegas María Antonia Fernández , Vidal Eduarda García , Begines Elisabeth Delgado , Mur Carmen García , Vicente Isabel , Casamayor Carmen , Cruz Silvia , Barrado Anabel García 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the reliability of excising residual breast cancer lesions after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) using a previously localized paramagnetic seed (Magseed®) and the subsequent use of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) to evaluate response.

Methods
Observational, prospective, multicenter study including adult women (> 18 years) with invasive breast carcinoma undergoing NAST between January 2022 and February 2023 with non-palpable tumor lesions at surgery. Radiologists marked tumors with Magseed® during biopsy before NAST, and surgeons excised tumors guided by the Sentimag® magnetometer. CESMs were performed before and after NAST to evaluate tumor response (Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors [RECIST]). We considered intraoperative, surgical, and CESM-related variables and histological response.

Results
We analyzed 109 patients (median [IQR] age of 55.0 [46.0, 65.0] years). Magseed® was retrieved from breast tumors in all surgeries (100%; 95% CI 95.47–100.0%) with no displacement and was identified by radiology in 106 patients (97.24%), a median (IQR) of 176.5 (150.0, 216.3) days after marking. Most surgeries (94.49%) were conservative; they lasted a median (IQR) of 22.5 (14.75, 40.0) min (95% CI 23.59–30.11 min). Most dissected tumor margins (93.57%) were negative, and few patients (5.51%) needed reintervention. Magseed® was identified using CESM in all patients (100%); RECIST responses correlated with histopathological evaluations of dissected tumors using the Miller–Payne response grade (p < 0.0001) and residual lesion diameter (p < 0.0001). Also 69 patients (63.3%) answered a patient’s satisfaction survey and 98.8% of them felt very satisfied with the entire procedure.

Conclusion
Long-term marking of breast cancer lesions with Magseed® is a reliable and feasible method in patients undergoing NAST and may be used with subsequent CESM.
Arctic environmental governance: challenges of sustainable development
Authors: Obydenkova Anastassia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Arctic is one of the key regions in relation to global climate change, experiencing radical transformations in environmental governance as well as challenges in terms of its ecological protection. The region is witnessing a number of irreversible climatic shifts, such as melting permafrost, rising sea levels, contamination of the Global Ocean, and changes in the lives of indigenous people. The Arctic is a global hot spot in climate change where international cooperation (scientific, environmental, diplomatic, etc.) should be a priority to overcome existing ecological challenges. This article provides detailed analysis of these issues from cross-disciplinary perspectives, bringing insights from economics, history, anthropology, international relations, and political science from the perspective of literature on environmental regionalism. The article analyzes a selection of heterogeneous actors, many of whom have contradictory rules, norms, and priorities. Analysis of the Arctic through the lens of regional environmental governance aspires to contribute to understanding of the complexity of existing challenges and their potential solutions. This article offers an analysis of the major findings in this topical collection. It contributes to the development of cross-disciplinary approach to the studies of the Artic and outlines a research agenda.
Conformational Analysis of Oligomeric Models of Siloxane, Silazane and Siloxazane Ladder Polymers
Authors: Bakry Aamy , Pandian Joshua , Vu Khanh , Cazimoglu Idil , Mancini John , Zeldin Martel , Parish Carol A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOligomeric models of linear ladder silanes, siloxanes and siloxazanes with seven repeat units consisting of four-, six-, or eight-membered rings were designed and their conformations in chloroform were explored. The Low Mode–Monte Carlo conformational method was used to explore oligomeric flexibility on the OPLS-2005/GBSA(CHCl3) potential energy surface to obtain a set of low energy structures for each oligomer. These structures were then optimized using B3LYP/6-31G*/SCRF-PBF(CHCl3) calculations. The results indicate complex conformational dynamics with mostly non-planar, curved structures. Electron delocalization from the lone pair of electrons on N or O into empty 3d orbitals on Si was not observed.
Comprehensive review of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) phytochemistry and anti-inflammatory properties
Authors: Parente Rui , Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia , Cabral Célia , Costa Gustavo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerbal medicinal products are widely considered beneficial and gaining importance in preventing and treating several diseases.Urtica dioicaL. (UD) is a medicinal plant that has been used as an herbal remedy and dietary supplement for centuries based on traditional experience or random trials without the know-how of phytoconstituents. UD is one of those herbs with a long record of anti-inflammatory activity and several mechanisms of action have been discussed. Plant part, extraction solvent, and phytoconstituents have a determinant effect on both efficacy and therapeutic objective. Current literature mainly elaborates on the antioxidant effect ofUrticaspecies, with the anti-inflammatory role of UD still being a matter of discussion, as in vitro and in vivo studies have only been characterized to such an extent. In order to elaborate on this topic, the present review aims to characterize the anti-inflammatory action of several UD extracts according to in vitro and in vivo results, as well as the possible molecules and respective mechanism responsible for its anti-inflammatory effect on several pathologies. Despite the knowledge gathered so far surrounding the anti-inflammatory activity of UD, further studies are required to characterize the mechanism of action and discriminate between the molecules underlying the beneficial effects of nettle on inflammatory diseases.
Evidence of cadmium transport via the phloem in cacao seedlings
Authors: Blommaert Hester , De Meese Clara , Wiggenhauser Matthias , Sarret Géraldine , Smolders Erik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
It is unclear if cadmium (Cd) is loaded into cacao beans directly from the roots and stem or rather via reallocation from leaves and stem via the phloem. Here, a split-root experiment with a stable isotope 108Cd tracer was set up to determine the short-term circulation in the vegetative tissues of Cd in Theobroma cacao L. seedlings.

Methods
Roots of cacao seedlings were split into two parts, each growing in separate containers. The compartments contained an equal volume of nutrient solution with a low-dose Cd concentration of 20 nM, and were either (+) or not (-) enriched in stable 108Cd. Seedlings were grown for two weeks and periodically harvested.

Results
On day 1 after labelling, there was a rise in the 108Cd isotopic abundance (IA) in the roots in the labelled compartment whereas the 108Cd IA was unaffected in other plant parts. After 7 days, about 75% of the tracer 108Cd in the plant had been translocated to the shoots and the largest fraction of tracer was recovered in the stem. The 108Cd IA in the roots in the non-labelled compartment rose after day 11, demonstrating that Cd was phloem mobile and reallocated to developing tissues. The isotopic abundance of 108Cd in developing leaves was similar to that in the older leaves, suggesting that Cd originated from leaves rather than directly from roots.

Conclusions
We corroborated Cd pathways previously studied in mature cacao trees and demonstrated that Cd is reallocated to sink organs via the phloem.
Eye-tracking support for analyzing human factors in human-robot collaboration during repetitive long-duration assembly processes
Authors: Gervasi Riccardo , Capponi Matteo , Mastrogiacomo Luca , Franceschini Fiorenzo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The integration of eye-tracking technology in manufacturing is emerging as a powerful tool for optimizing human performance and well-being in the workplace. Advances in various fields enabled the recent development of smaller, wearable, and wireless eye-tracking devices which are suitable for naturalistically studying manufacturing processes, such as human-robot collaboration (HRC). However, the implementation of eye-tracking for evaluating mental workload in HRC is still limited, especially in long-duration sessions. This paper provides an overview on the application of eye-tracking technology in the context of cognitive ergonomics within the manufacturing sector, with special attention to eye-tracking metrics and their interpretation relatively to human state in long-duration sessions (i.e., work shifts). In addition, an example case study will be presented to explore the reliability of the most common eye-tracking metrics, concerning a repetitive assembly process of 8 h in an HRC setting. Among the explored eye-tracking metrics, pupil dilation, number and average duration of fixations, and number saccades provided useful insights on the mental strain in dynamic conditions. In addition, from the multiple information gathered by eye-tracking, different phenomena related to mental workload were able to be distinguished. The use of cognitive resources resulting from learning process was well detected by pupil dilation, number of fixations and saccades. Mental fatigue, on the other hand, was well detected by the average duration of fixations and the pupil diameter. These results highlight the need to consider multiple eye-tracking metrics simultaneously to obtain a holistic view of the operator’s psychophysiological state.