bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Chu Fulei , Yuan Shengfa , Peng Zhike 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMachine learning is a hot topic of artificial intelligence, and the interests of researchers on the same have grown fast in recent years. Especially, the great potential of machine learning techniques in classification makes it more popular in the research areas where pattern recognition is involved, including the development of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for machines and structures. This article gives an outline to machine learning including the background and some key algorithms and theories that form the core of machine learning. The use of machine learning techniques in condition monitoring and fault diagnosis has also been discussed along with a basic framework of the machine‐learning‐based fault diagnosis system. More efforts have been made to introduce support vector machine (SVM), which is a significant development in machine learning. The basic procedure of the machine‐learning‐based fault diagnosis system used to perform the fault diagnosis on a turbo‐pump rotor has been illustrated by using SVM. The article is mainly intended for the readers who want a simple but exhaustive introduction to this new learning system.
Environmental Monitoring of Aircraft
Authors: Bellinger Nicholas C. , Martinez Marcias 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCurrent aircraft life prediction methodologies do not take into account the effect that environmental degradation has on the structural integrity of a component. This has led to the setting of limits on the amount of damage, usually based on maintaining residual strength that can be present on a component. These arbitrary limits have caused a significant increase in the maintenance cost of aircraft, since components must undergo a repair procedure when the detected damage is above the preset limits. To better assess the state of an aircraft, sensors can be placed in areas known to be susceptible to environmental degradation, such as corrosion. These sensors can monitor the environment in the area of concern to determine if conditions are present to cause corrosion. Sensors can also be used to directly determine if corrosion damage is present on a particular component and to what level. However, procedures need to be developed to relate the parameters that are monitored by a particular sensor type to the life of the component. This may include the development of algorithms to relate the environmental parameters that favor the growth of corrosion to the corrosion damage present on the particular component.
Open System Architecture for Conditioned‐Based Maintenance
Authors: Walter Robert L. , Boylan David , Gilbertson Daniel 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

The structural health monitoring (SHM) community would be well served by integrating proprietary SHM technologies developed by many different vendors and researchers into a single open systems architecture that can evolve over time. The open systems architecture should provide the ability to

accommodate improvements in SHM algorithms over time;

integrate health assessment and prognostic assessment algorithms developed by different vendors;

integrate data collected from several sensing structural subsystems and then to aggregate that data for the structure as a whole;

communicate and store SHM data, algorithm results, and recommendations from subject matter experts, and intelligent software agents.

The International Organization for Standards (ISO) and the Machinery Information Management Open Systems Alliance (MIMOSA) standards body developed and now maintain a set of standards that satisfy these needs for an open systems architecture for condition‐based maintenance in the SHM domain.
A novel DNA repair disorder with thrombocytopenia, nephrosis and features overlapping Cockayne syndrome
Authors: Forsythe Elizabeth , Wild Ruth , Sellick Gabrielle , Houlston Richard S. , Lehmann Alan R. , Wakeling Emma 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe report on four siblings with Cockayne‐like syndrome with thrombocytopenia and nephrotic syndrome. The parents were healthy and consanguineous, consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of disease inheritance. UV irradiation of fibroblasts revealed an intermediate sensitivity between normal and standard Cockayne syndrome (CS) control cells. A genome‐wide linkage scan conducted using Affymetrix 10K arrays provided exclusion of the known CS genes in the family, and evidence that the disease gene maps to 1p33‐p31.1. Thrombocytopenia has not previously been linked with CS, but two patients with CS in association with nephrotic syndrome have previously been documented and the phenotypes are compared with the patients described here. We suggest that this Cockayne‐like phenotype with thrombocytopenia and nephrotic syndrome may be a novel DNA repair disorder, and propose that further investigation of other affected families may help identify the causative genetic defect. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inherited 14q duplication and 21q deletion: A rare adjacent‐2 segregation in multiple family members
Authors: Dave Bhavana J. , Olney Ann Haskins , Zaleski Dianna H. , Pickering Diane L. , Becker Troy A. , Chipman Hope E. , Sanger Warren G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe present a family with multiple carriers of a subtle balanced translocation t(14;21)(q21.2;q21.2) and three patients with a resultant adjacent‐2 malsegregation containing a +der(14)t(14;21)(q21.2;q21.2),‐21 in their chromosome complement. The initial study was performed when a 2‐month‐old female was referred to genetics clinic for evaluation of developmental delay, growth retardation, and failure to thrive. Physical findings included prominent eyes, micrognathia, prominent and simple external ears, camptodactyly, contractures of the wrists, ankles, and hips, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, prominent atria and occipital horns, cerebellopontine hypoplasia; and small atrial septal defect. High resolution chromosomes showed an extra band on the proximal 21q and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated only one signal for the centromere of 21. Karyotypes of the parents and grandparents revealed that the mother and maternal grandfather were carriers of a balanced translocation, and the propositus contained an unbalanced chromosome complement with partial duplication of proximal 14q and partial deletion of proximal 21q. Investigations performed on an institutionalized maternal aunt revealed identical karyotypic abnormalities as in the propositus. More recently, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on a subsequent child with multiple congenital anomalies further out in the extended family allowed for more accurate identification of the breakpoints. Our investigation includes analysis on a total of 11 family members spanning three generations. Among those investigated, there were no living members with other possible consequential unbalanced translocations or with adjacent‐2 segregation resulting in −14,+der(21). Chromosome rearrangements require FISH and aCGH studies for accurate identification and elucidation of the abnormality and breakpoints. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cranioectodermal dysplasia: A probable ciliopathy
Authors: Konstantinidou Anastasia E. , Fryssira Helen , Sifakis Stavros , Karadimas Charalampos , Kaminopetros Petros , Agrogiannis Georgios , Velonis Stylianos , Nikkels Peter G.J. , Patsouris Efstratios 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCranioectodermal dysplasia (CED), also known as Sensenbrenner syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by typical craniofacial, skeletal and ectodermal defects, and tubulointerstitial nephritis leading to early end‐stage renal failure. We report on a new familial case of a 9‐year‐old patient and two fetuses of 23 and 19 weeks of gestation respectively. Hypohidrosis was an additional ectodermal finding is the patient with CED. Postmortem findings in the two fetuses included acromesomelic shortening, craniofacial characteristics with absence of craniosynostosis, small kidneys with tubular and glomerular microscopic cysts, persistent ductal plate with portal fibrosis in the liver, small adrenals and roughly unremarkable histopathology of the physeal growth plate. Posterior fossa anomalies were additional findings in this patient and included an enlarged cisterna magna and a posterior fossa cyst. The above findings, in association with renal cysts, persistent ductal plate and portal fibrosis, introduce CED, a nonlethal genetic skeletal disorder of yet unknown molecular origin, as a possible member of the expanding group of ciliopathies. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of CGRP protein expression in “satellite‐like” cells and dendritic arbours of the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Stanić Davor , Kuteeva Eugenia , Nylander Ingrid , Hökfelt Tomas 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe main olfactory bulb (OB) is made up of several concentric layers, forming circuitries often involving dendro‐dendritic synapses. Important interactions between OB neurons occur in the external plexiform layer (EPL), where dendrites of tufted and Van Gehuchten cells form synapses with dendrites of deeper lying mitral, tufted, and granule cells. OB neurons display a variety of neurotransmitters. Here, the focus is on calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), a 37‐amino acid neuropeptide transmitter that is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. In the OB, CGRP‐immunoreactive (ir) cell bodies were mostly observed in the mitral cell layer (MCL) of normal mice, and their number increased following colchicine treatment. Sparsely distributed CGRP‐ir cell bodies were also found in the EPL and granular cell layer. Double‐immunofluorescence experiments revealed a lack of co‐localization between CGRP‐like immunoreactivity (LI) and corticotropin‐releasing factor‐ or galanin‐LI, two markers for mitral cells, and no CGRP‐LI was found in cholecystokinin‐, parvalbumin‐, or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide‐ir tufted/Van Gehuchten cells. CGRP‐ir cell bodies were not found to co‐localize glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67)‐green fluorescence protein, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐, or calretinin‐LI, although the possibility remains that CGRP‐ir cells may contain low levels of GABA and/or GAD67 not detected by our methodology. Dendrites of CGRP‐ir cells extensively ramified deep in the EPL and double‐immunofluorescence revealed them to be adjacent with, often apparently contacting, dendrites of granule, mitral, tufted, and Van Gehuchten cells. We propose that these CGRP‐ir cell bodies in the mouse OB are “satellite‐like” cells within and, occasionally, close to the MCL. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:770–784, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD13+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma with leukemic presentation and additional chromosomal abnormality
Authors: Ries Sunčica , Rnjak Lana , Mitrović Zdravko , Kuveždić Koraljka Gjadrov , Nola Marin , Sučić Mirna 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a highly malignant neoplasm characterized by pleomorphic appearance, different immunophenotypes and variable sites of involvement. Expression of myeloid‐associated markers in anaplastic large cell lymphomas may mislead the medical team and result in delay of diagnosis due to unusual phenotype. It is important to diagnose this type of tumors and distinguish it from myeloid neoplasms (extramedullary myeloid cell tumors and histiocytic tumors) since therapy and prognosis are significantly different.A 16‐year‐old female patient presented with fever, lymphadenopathy, and high white blood cell count. Diagnosing a CD13+ ALCL with leukemic presentation with additional cytogenetic abnormality (duplication 5q35) was a significant diagnostic challenge.This combination of features, unusual for lymphoma, should be considered in differential diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms and fatal infections. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The wi‐club filter on 𝒫κλ
Authors: Piper Grace 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe develop the theory of Cκ, λi, a strongly normal filter over 𝒫κ λ for Mahlo κ. We prove a minimality result, showing that any strongly normal filter containing {x ∈ 𝒫κ λ: |x | = |x ∩ κ | and |x | is inaccessible} also contains Cκ, λi. We also show that functions can be used to obtain a basis for Cκ, λi (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The polynomial and linear time hierarchies in V0
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Leszek A. , Thapen Neil 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe show that the bounded arithmetic theory V0 does not prove that the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to the linear time hierarchy (without parameters). The result follows from a lower bound for bounded depth circuits computing prefix parity, where the circuits are allowed some auxiliary input; we derive this from a theorem of Ajtai (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Finite element analysis of plain weave composites for flexural failure
Authors: Soykasap Ömer 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article presents finite element analysis for flexural behavior of woven composites considering the fiber and the matrix and their interactions. Finite element model using Abaqus program is developed to predict the homogenized properties of plain‐weave T300/LTM45 composite. Initially, curved beam elements are used to model each resin‐infiltrated fiber bundle. Geometrically, nonlinear analyses of the model with periodic boundary conditions are carried out to obtain effective in‐plane and bending properties of the composite. Statistical analysis is presented to study the stiffness variability. The flexural failure of a single‐ply composite is estimated based on the homogenized material properties, and is compared with previously published data. The model is able to correct the significant errors in the stiffnesses of the composite and captures the failure behavior accurately. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Topographical and Wettability Effects of Post‐Discharge Plasma Treatments on Macroporous Polystyrene‐Divinylbenzene Solid Foams
Authors: Canal Cristina , Gaboriau Freddy , Vílchez Alex , Erra Pilar , Garcia‐Celma MªJosé , Esquena Jordi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics and wetting properties of polystyrene‐divinylbenzene (PS‐DVB) solid foams and their modification through post‐discharge plasmas. The low‐density solid foams are mainly macroporous, but show a small fraction of mesopores; their characterization revealed differences in topography between the smoother surface and the rougher bulk, while from the chemical point of view both regions of the PS‐DVB solid foams are hydrophobic. The macroporous structure of these materials with high pore volume makes them interesting for the design of new drug delivery systems, but some active principles and the physiological media are hydrophilic; therefore, it would be of interest to modify the wettability of the materials via post‐discharge plasma treatments.magnified image
Prevalence of PPD Positivity Among New Employees at a Hospital in New York City
Authors: Sepkowitz Kent A. , Fella Peter , Rivera Pedro , Villa Nerinda , DeHovitz Jack 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of tuberculin reactivity among all new employees at a hospital in New York City.Designs:Prospective measurement of purified protein derivative (PPD) status in consecutive new employees at a hospital in New York City from 1991 to 1993. All employees are tested as part of a pre-employment physical, assuring complete compliance. Aplisol (Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ) was used in 1991 and 1992, and Tubersol (Connaught, Swiftwater, PA) in 1993. Tests were applied and interpreted by trained employee health personnel.Results:Of 313 consecutive new employees, comprising all job categories, 40% were PPD positive at time of initial hire, including 20% of US-born and 70% of foreign-born employees. Of 114 persons who had received BCG vaccination, 67% were PPD positive. By multivariate regression analysis, age, BCG vaccination history, and foreign country of birth were independent predictors of a reactive PPD test.Conclusions:The high prevalence of tuberculin reactivity may reflect high rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in the community, complicating interpretation of the efficacy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines to prevent the spread of tuberculosis in healthcare facilities.
Infection Control in Long-Term-Care Facilities
Authors: Nicolle Lindsay E. , Garibaldi Richard A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlthough patients in long-term-care facilities are at increased risk of infection, little is known about how to practice infection control in this setting. This article reviews risk factors for infection, the components of an infection control program, and particular infections that are important in long-term care facilities. In addition, special characteristics of long-term-care facilities that challenge the individuals charged with conducting effective infection control programs will be discussed.
Probable Role of Ultraviolet Irradiation in Preventing Transmission of Tuberculosis: A Case Study
Authors: Stead William W. , Yeung Carole , Hartnett Carolyn 
Published: September 2009

The problem of transmission of tuberculosis (TB) in healthcare facilities is a serious one, all the more so when compounded by organisms that are drug resistant. The purpose of this report is to describe our experience with prolonged hospital care of a patient with advanced multidrug-resistant cavitary pulmonary TB in a hospital with complete pre-exposure tuberculin skin-test data.The patient, a 59-year-old white man with ankylosing spondylitis, was admitted to our hospital on January 2, 1992, with a diagnosis of cavitary pulmonary TB. In June 1990, he had been treated in another state with isoniazid (INH) and rifampin for 11 months with apparent recovery, despite irregular compliance. However, in the fall of 1991, he again developed a productive cough, for which the same drugs were given. When he failed to improve, he moved to Arkansas to be near a sister.
Tuberculosis Infection Among Staff at a Canadian Community Hospital
Authors: Liss Gary M. , Khan Ruth , Koven Esther , Simor Andrew E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective:To determine risks for tuberculin skin-test conversion among employees of a community hospital in Ontario, Canada.Design:Cohort morbidity study.Setting:Of 14 metropolitan Toronto area hospitals surveyed for data on tuberculin skin-test conversions, only one provided tuberculosis (TB) test data on all employees. Between 1991 and June 1994, 24 patients were treated at this hospital for pulmonary TB.Population Studied:The population at risk included those on staff from January 1991 through December 1993 who previously were skin-test negative; they were followed until the end of June 1994. Exposure was estimated (a) based on ranking departments according to an estimate of the number of hours of direct patient contact during a typical day, and (b) based on location of sputum-positive patients.Outcome Measure:Risks of skin-test conversion among hospital employees with documented prior negative skin tests.Main Results:A total of 809 skin-test negative employees were followed for 2,084 person-years; 18 employees with skin-test conversions were identitled. The overall conversion rate was 0.9% per year (0.86 per 100 person-years). After excluding two conversions attributed to contact with coworkers, the relative risk of conversion was 4.5 (5.5 after adjusting for age and gender) among those in the highest exposure category (≥4 hours per day), compared to those in departments ranked as having the lowest exposure (<2 hours per day). Among those working in wards in which sputum-positive patients were treated, 2.4% converted; the risk of conversion was over six times greater than among those working on wards with no TB patients or in departments with no patient contact, of whom 0.4% converted. Among the emergency room staff, the department in which the greatest number of sputum-positive patients were treated, at least 5% of staff converted. In those instances in which conversions were associated with exposure to a specific TB patient, the involved patients had been in the hospital for at least 4 days prior to being isolated.Conclusions:These results indicate that even in a hospital with few admissions due to tuberculosis, skin-test conversions associated with occupational exposure may occur.
Reduction of Surgical-Site Infections in Cardiothoracic Surgery by Elimination of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kluytmans Jan A.J.W. , Mouton Johan W. , VandenBergh Marjolein F.Q. , Manders Marie-José A.A.J. , Maat Alexander P.W.M. , Wagenvoort Johan H.T. , Michel Marc F. , Verbrugh Henri A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective:To test the hypothesis that perioperative elimination of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus using mupirocin nasal ointment reduces the surgical-site infection (SSI) rate in cardiothoracic surgery.Design:Unblinded intervention trial with historical controls.Setting:A university hospital, tertiary referral center for cardiothoracic surgery.Patients:Consecutive patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery between August 1, 1989, and February 1, 1991 (historical control group), and between March 1, 1991, and August 1, 1992 (intervention group).Results:The historical control group consisted of 928 patients and the intervention group of 868, of whom 752 actually were treated. The 116 patients who were unintentionally not treated were considered as a concurrent control group. In the intention-to-treat analysis, a significant reduction in SSI rate was observed after the intervention (historical-control group 7.3% and intervention group 2.8%; P<.0001). The SSI rate in the concurrent control group was significantly higher than in the treated group (7.8% and 2.0%, respectively; P=.0023). Resistance of S aureus to mupirocin was not observed.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that perioperative elimination of nasal carriage using mupirocin nasal ointment significantly reduces the SSI rate in cardiothoracic surgery patients and warrants a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled efficacy trial. This preventive measure may be beneficial in other categories of surgical patients as well.
Tuberculosis Control in Health Care
Authors: Pugliese Gina , Tapper Michael L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article describes the basic framework for developing a tuberculosis (TB) control program. We suggest how to assess the risk of TB in a healthcare delivery setting, how to prioritize control measures based on their effectiveness, and how to meet current regulatory requirements. In addition, we discuss some problematic issues, examples of how other hospitals have confronted these issues, and where to obtain additional information on nosocomial TB.
A Cluster of Legionnaires' Disease in a Community Hospital—A Clue to a Larger Epidemic
Authors: Guerrero Isabel C. , Filippone Christine 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFour patients with atypical pneumonias admitted within a 1-week period to a community hospital were suspected and confirmed to have Legionnaires' disease. The patients had a common travel histor y. This cluster of cases uncovered a larger epidemic associated with cruise travel.