bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the developmental history of child maltreatment, peer relations, and externalizing problems among adolescents with symptoms of paranoid personality disorder
Authors: Natsuaki Misaki N. , Cicchetti Dante , Rogosch Fred A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study examined the childhood history of maltreatment, peer relations, and externalizing problems among individuals who manifested low, moderate, or high symptom levels of paranoid personality disorder (PPD) in adolescence. Participants included 174 children who attended a longitudinal summer camp research program between the ages of 9 to 12. Multiple sources of information (self-, peer, and counselor reports) were utilized. Subsequently, they participated in a personality disorder assessment during adolescence (mean age = 15.30). The results indicated that children who manifested higher levels of PPD symptoms in adolescence had higher odds of having a history of child maltreatment. Children who manifested high levels of PPD symptoms in adolescence showed a faster growth rate for peer bullying and externalizing problems in childhood. In addition, their peers rated them as less cooperative, less likely to be leaders, and more likely to initiate fights. These findings suggested that children who manifested elevated PPD symptoms in adolescence had shown early signs of behavioral disturbances in childhood, some of which gradually worsened as they approach adolescence.
A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Fonagy Peter , Luyten Patrick 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe precise nature and etiopathogenesis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) continues to elude researchers and clinicians. Yet, increasing evidence from various strands of research converges to suggest that affect dysregulation, impulsivity, and unstable relationships constitute the core features of BPD. Over the last two decades, the mentalization-based approach to BPD has attempted to provide a theoretically consistent way of conceptualizing the interrelationship between these core features of BPD, with the aim of providing clinicians with a conceptually sound and empirically supported approach to BPD and its treatment. This paper presents an extended version of this approach to BPD based on recently accumulated data. In particular, we suggest that the core features of BPD reflect impairments in different facets of mentalization, each related to impairments in relatively distinct neural circuits underlying these facets. Hence, we provide a comprehensive account of BPD by showing how its core features are related to each other in theoretically meaningful ways. More specifically, we argue that BPD is primarily associated with a low threshold for the activation of the attachment system and deactivation of controlled mentalization, linked to impairments in the ability to differentiate mental states of self and other, which lead to hypersensitivity and increased susceptibility to contagion by other people's mental states, and poor integration of cognitive and affective aspects of mentalization. The combination of these impairments may explain BPD patients' propensity for vicious interpersonal cycles, and their high levels of affect dysregulation and impulsivity. Finally, the implications of this expanded mentalization-based approach to BPD for mentalization-based treatment and treatment of BPD more generally are discussed.
The Cromwellian Decimation Tax of 1655 The Assessment Lists
Authors: Cliffe J. T. 
Published: October 2009

The Decimation ListsThe royalist uprising of March 1655 led the Protector to adopt a number of measures aimed at improving internal security, in particular the appointment of major generals, each with responsibility for a particular region; the establishment of a new county militia; and the introduction of an extraordinary or decimation tax which was intended to provide the necessary funding for the militia troops. Unlike the monthly assessment for the support of the regular army the decimation tax was a discriminatory tax in the sense that it was specifically designed as a levy on royalists or suspected royalists. In the event, however, it proved to be one of the most short-lived of taxes. On Christmas day 1656 Major General John Desborough introduced a parliamentary bill for its continuation and in a first reading debate on 7 January declared thatI believe no man has come under a decimation but such as have either acted or spoken bitterly against the Government, and for their young king, and drank his health. Many have escaped that have done such things. I hope they shall come under decimation I think it is too light a tax, a decimation; I would have it higher.
Medical and surgical perspectives of cardiac hypertrophy in Costello syndrome
Authors: Kalfa David , Fraisse Alain , Kreitmann Bernard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe describe our experience with 2 patients having Costello syndrome, aged 11 and 36 months, who suffered systolic anterior motion of the aortic leaflet of the mitral valve and obstructive cardiac hypertrophy requiring surgery, comparing their cardiac characteristics to those described previously. We conclude that the heterogeneous nature of the cardiac hypertrophy in this syndrome can be considered and managed as the sum of a diffuse hypertrophy accessible to beta-blockade, and an asymmetric hypertrophy accessible to surgical myomectomy.
An Infant With Mucolipidosis-II And an Atretic orifice of the Left Coronary Artery
Authors: Siles Ana , Mitchell Grant A. , Dahdah Nagib S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA one-month-old boy, with type-II mucolipidosis, presented with congestive heart failure and elevated cardiac enzymes. The atretic nature of the orifice of the left coronary artery was revealed by retrograde flow on color Doppler and selective coronary angiography. Type-II mucolipidosis and atresia of the left coronary artery are rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of their combined occurence, suggesting a possible causal relationship.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among 7–9-year-old children in Aveiro, Portugal: comparison between IOTF and CDC references
Authors: Pedrosa Carla , Correia Flora , Seabra Dulce , Oliveira Bruno MPM , Simões-Pereira Carlos , Vaz-de-Almeida Maria D 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren from Aveiro, Portugal, according to two criteria: the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cut-offs.DesignWeight, height and waist circumference were measured. Using the BMI, gender- and age-specific prevalences of overweight and obesity were determined according to the IOTF cut-offs extrapolated from an adult BMI of 25 and 30 kg/m2and the CDC cut-off values of 85th and 95th BMI percentile.SettingAveiro, Portugal.SubjectsA random representative sample of 905 children (457 boys; 448 girls) aged 7–9 years.ResultsThe prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) was lowest according to IOTF cut-offs compared to CDC (28·1 %v.31·2 %), especially obesity (8·1 %v.14·0 %). However, the CDC and IOTF criteria have a strong agreement (Cohen’sk= 0·755;P< 0·001). There were significant differences in excess weight between boys and girls according to the CDC (26·9 %v.35·7 %;P= 0·003). Obese children are younger and the majority present abdominal obesity.ConclusionsThe present study shows a high prevalence of excess weight in Aveiro children, similar to other Portuguese regions and among the highest in Europe, especially in the female gender. The IOTF cut-off values give a lower prevalence of excess weight, namely obesity.
Influences of Meteorology on Air Pollution Concentrations and Processes in Urban Areas
Authors: Salmond Jennifer A. , McKendry I. G. 
Published: October 2009

In urban areas pollutant concentrations are determined by the balance between pollutant emissions, and the state of the atmosphere which determines pollutant transport and dispersion processes. In this chapter we demonstrate that although the nature and characteristics of urban emissions can be variable in time and space, it is changes in pollutant dispersion pathways both locally and regionally that often determine the temporal and spatial patterns of atmospheric composition in urban areas.Due to the complexity of the urban atmosphere it is useful to look at the relations between urban meteorology and air pollution at a variety of different scales. At scales ranging from individual buildings and street canyons to the entire city, microscale mechanical and thermally driven turbulence dominates local dispersion processes. However, these processes operate within an hierarchy of larger scales which provide the background state of the atmosphere that modulates air quality within urban areas. Day-to-day variations in urban air quality are determined in large part by processes operating at scales greater than the urban environment. These meteorological processes extend from the regional scale flows such as sea breezes, to the synoptic scale (cyclonic and anticyclone systems that give our day-to-day weather), and finally to the hemispheric and global scales which permit long-range transport of pollutants.Generally, as the ability of the urban atmosphere to disperse pollutants horizontally and vertically increases, pollutant concentrations decrease. However, complex feedback loops exist between pollutant emission rates, urban form and meteorological processes, local and regional pollutant transport rates and atmospheric chemistry such that individual parameters are rarely independent of each other. Thus an understanding of local, urban and regional scale atmospheric processes is fundamental to a comprehensive evaluation of air pollution in urban areas.
Discourse analysis: Rich pickings for counsellors and therapists
Authors: Spong Sheila 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim: It is only relatively recently that discourse analysis has begun to rise to prominence in the fields of counselling and psychotherapy. This paper briefly explains ways of understanding discourse analysis, discussing what the approach can offer counselling research and practice. Approach: An initial categorisation of recent discourse analysis studies is offered, to demonstrate diverse ways in which this type of research can address issues relevant to counselling practice. The five categories proposed range from the examination of language use in therapy to analyses that focus on the social structures, meanings and power relations related to therapy. Implications: The paper demonstrates that through the critical analysis of counselling sessions, research interviews, written texts and other materials, discourse analysis can provide insight into ways in which counselling operates as a social practice, and so help counsellors to contextualise their work within broader social structures and processes.
Effects of Neuro‐Linguistic Psychotherapy on psychological difficulties and perceived quality of life
Authors: Stipancic Melita , Renner Walter , Schütz Peter , Dond Renata 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Neuro‐Linguistic Psychotherapy on psychological difficulties and perceived quality of life of clients who came for psychotherapy during free practice. Method: A total of 106 psychotherapy clients were randomly assigned to a therapy group or a control group. The outcome was assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Personality Disorders (SCID II) with respect to clinical symptoms and by the Croatian Scale of Quality of Life (KVZ) with respect to Quality of Life. The therapy group received the measures at pre‐, post‐ and five‐months follow‐up occasions, whereas the control group received them initially and after a period of three months. Results: In the therapy group, as compared to the control group, there was a significant decrease of clinical symptoms and increase in the quality of life. With respect to clinical symptoms, effect sizes were 0.65 at post‐measurement and 1.09 at follow‐up, indicating a substantial reduction of symptom strain, which is comparable to the well established effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. We also found a significant increase in perceived quality of life after therapy, as compared to the wait‐list control group, with effect sizes between 0.51 and 0.73. Therapeutic improvements were still present five months after the end of therapy, showing further development in the same direction. Conclusions: Neuro‐linguistic psychotherapy is an efficient intervention, which is on a par with other, well‐established psychotherapeutic techniques.
The analysis of heterogeneous time trends in multivariate age–period–cohort models
Authors: Riebler Andrea , Held Leonhard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAge–period–cohort (APC) models are frequently used to analyze mortality or morbidity rates stratified by age group and period. For the case in which rates are given in different strata, multivariate APC models have been considered only recently. Such models share a set of parameters, for example, the age effects, while the other parameters may vary across strata. We show that differences of strata-specific effects are identifiable. We then propose a Bayesian approach based on smoothing priors to estimate multivariate APC models. This provides an alternative to maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of relative risk in the case of equal intervals and gives useful results even in the case of unequal intervals, where ML estimates have severe artifacts. This is illustrated with data on female mortality in Denmark and Norway and data on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality of males in England and Wales, stratified by 3 different areas: Greater London, conurbations excluding Greater London, and nonconurbation areas.
Is the microbial tree of life verificationist?
Authors: Lienau E.K. , DeSalle R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe field of microbial phylogenetics has questioned the feasibility of using a tree‐like structure to the describe microbial evolution. This debate centres on two main points. First, because microorganisms are able to transfer genes from one to another in zero generations (horizontal gene transfer, or HGT), the use of molecular characters to perform phylogenetic analyses will yield an erroneous topology and HGT clearly makes the evolution of microorganisms non tree‐like. Second, the use of concatenated gene sequences in a total evidence approach to phylogenetic systematics is a verificationist endeavour, the aim of which is to bolster support. However, the goal of the total evidence approach to phylogenetic research is based in the idea of increasing explanatory power over background knowledge through test and corroboration, rather than to bolster support for nodes in a tree. In this context, the testing of phylogenetic data is a falsificationist endeavour that includes the possibility of not rejecting the null hypothesis that there is no tree‐like structure in molecular phylogenetic data. We discuss several tests that aim to test rigorously the hypothesis that a tree of life exists for microorganisms. We also discuss the philosophical ramifications of background knowledge and corroboration in microbial studies that need to be considered when suggesting that HGT confounds the tree of life. © The Willi Hennig Society 2009.
Ethylene perception via ETR1 is required in Arabidopsis infection by Verticillium dahliae
Authors: PANTELIDES IAKOVOS S. , TJAMOS SOTIRIOS E. , PAPLOMATAS EPAMINONDAS J. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYVascular wilts caused by Verticillium spp. are very difficult to control and, as a result, are the cause of severe yield losses in a wide range of economically important crops. The responses of Arabidopsis thaliana mutant plants impaired in known pathogen response pathways were used to explore the components in defence against Verticillium dahliae. Analysis of the mutant responses revealed enhanced resistance in etr1‐1[ethylene (ET) receptor mutant] plants, but not in salicylic acid‐, jasmonic acid‐ or other ET‐deficient mutants, indicating a crucial role of ETR1 in defence against this pathogen. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the decrease in symptom severity shown in etr1‐1 plants was associated with significant reductions in the growth of the pathogen in the vascular tissues of the plants, suggesting that impaired perception of ET via ETR1 results in increased disease resistance. Furthermore, the activation and increased accumulation of the PR‐1, PR‐2, PR‐5, GSTF12, GSTU16, CHI‐1, CHI‐2 and Myb75 genes, observed in etr1‐1 plants after V. dahliae inoculation, indicate that the outcome of the induced defence response of etr1‐1 plants seems to be dependent on a set of defence genes activated on pathogen attack.
Clinical outcome of newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease: a comparative, retrospective study before and after infliximab availability
Authors: DOMÈNECH E. , ZABANA Y. , GARCIA‐PLANELLA E. , LÓPEZ SAN ROMÁN A. , NOS P. , GINARD D. , GORDILLO J. , MARTÍNEZ‐SILVA F. , BELTRÁN B. , MAÑOSA M. , CABRÉ E. , GASSULL M. A. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryBackground  Infliximab (IFX) could change the course of Crohn’s disease (CD) by reducing steroid use, surgery or prompting earlier introduction of immunomodulators (IMM).Aim  To evaluate the impact of IFX availability on the course of early CD.Methods  Two cohorts of newly diagnosed CD patients were identified: The first cohort included patients diagnosed from January 1994 to December 1997 and the second from January 2000 to December 2003. All patients were diagnosed, treated and followed up in the same centre until December 1999 (first cohort) or December 2005 (second cohort). Development of disease‐related complications, steroid, IMM or IFX requirements and intestinal resections during follow‐up were registered.Results  A total of 328 patients were included (146 first cohort, 182 second cohort). A similar proportion of patients in both cohorts received steroids, but steroid exposure resulted significantly more intense in the first cohort (P = 0.001). In the second cohort, 14% of patients received IFX. Thiopurines were used more (P = 0.001) and earlier (P = 0.012) in the second cohort. No differences in surgical requirements or the development of disease‐related complications were found.Conclusions  Following a step‐up therapeutic algorithm, IFX availability did not reduce surgical requirements or the development of disease‐related complications. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 233–239
The effect of intrathecal fentanyl on Cerebral State Index‐guided sedation during spinal anaesthesia*
Authors: Kim J. Y. , Kim K. B. , Shin C. S. , Ha S. H. , Kim M. K. , Lee J. S. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of intrathecal fentanyl on the dose of propofol during sedation guided by Cerebral State Index monitoring. Seventy patients were randomly assigned to receive either fentanyl 25 μg (n = 35) or normal saline (n = 35) with hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg for spinal anaesthesia. Propofol was infused to maintain a Cerebral State Index value of 65–75 for 30 min. The propofol infusion time and dose required to reach a Cerebral State Index value of 75 were recorded together with the time required to reach a Cerebral State Index value higher than 90 after cessation of sedation. The onset time for sedation was faster and the recovery time was slower in the fentanyl group compared to those in the saline group (p = 0.018 and 0.027, respectively). The propofol doses required for onset and maintenance of sedation were significantly lower in the fentanyl group compared to those in the control group (p = 0.018 and < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, adding intrathecal fentanyl 25 μg during spinal anaesthesia significantly reduced the dose of propofol required for sedation and prolonged the subsequent recovery time.
Exposure to folic acid antagonists during the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of major malformations
Authors: Matok Ilan , Gorodischer Rafael , Koren Gideon , Landau Daniella , Wiznitzer Arnon , Levy Amalia 
Published: October 2009

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Previous studies have suggested a tendency of antifolate drugs to be associated with higher rates of neural tube defects. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This study makes use of the data on abortuses, which is missed in many other studies. In this case, the abortion data were critical.• The study documents that clinicians should avoid, as much as possible, the use of folic acid antagonists during the first trimester of pregnancy, when embryogenesis takes place.AIM To investigate the safety of folic acid antagonists during the first trimester of pregnancy in a large cohort.METHODS Computerized databases for medications dispensed from 1998 to 2007 to women registered in ‘Clalit’ HMO, Israel southern district, was linked with maternal and infant hospitalization records, and to therapeutics abortions data. The risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes of folic acid antagonists exposure was assessed by adjusting for known confounders.RESULTS Eighty‐four thousand, eight hundred and twenty‐three infants were born and 998 therapeutic abortions took place; 571 fetuses and infants were exposed to one or more folic acid antagonists in the first trimester of pregnancy. Exposure was associated with an overall increased risk of congenital malformations [odds ratio (OR) 2.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92, 3.08], due mainly to increased risk for neural tube (adjusted OR 6.5, 95% CI 4.34, 9.15) and cardiovascular defects (OR 1.76, CI 1.05, 2.95).CONCLUSION First‐trimester exposure to folic acid antagonists is associated with increased risk of congenital malformations.
Daily subcutaneous injections of peptide induce CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells
Authors: Dahlberg P E , Schartner J M , Timmel A , Seroogy C M 
Published: October 2009

SummaryPeptide immunotherapy is being explored to modulate varied disease states; however, the mechanism of action remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the ability of a subcutaneous peptide immunization schedule to induce of CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells. DO11·10 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice on a Rag 2–/– background were injected subcutaneously with varied doses of purified ovalbumin (OVA323–339) peptide daily for 16 days. While these mice have no CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells, following this injection schedule up to 30% of the CD4+ cells were found to express CD25. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) analysis of the induced CD4+ CD25+ T cells revealed increased expression of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), suggesting that these cells may have a regulatory function. Proliferation and suppression assays in vitro utilizing the induced CD4+ CD25+ T cells revealed a profound anergic phenotype in addition to potent suppressive capability. Importantly, co-injection of the induced CD4+ CD25+ T cells with 5,6-carboxy-succinimidyl-fluorescence-ester (CFSE)-labelled naive CD4+ T cells (responder cells) into BALB/c recipient mice reduced proliferation and differentiation of the responder cells in response to challenge with OVA323–339 peptide plus adjuvant. We conclude that repeated subcutaneous exposure to low-dose peptide leads to de novo induction of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells with potent in vitro and in vivo suppressive capability, thereby suggesting that one mechanism of peptide immunotherapy appears to be induction of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells.