bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The timing and location of entry in growing markets: subgame perfection at work
Authors: Bollinger Bryan , Doraszelski Ulrich , Judd Kenneth L. , McDevitt Ryan C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe develop and analyze a dynamic model in which firms decide when and where to enter a growing market. We do not pre‐specify the order of entry, allowing instead for the leader and follower to be determined endogenously. We characterize the subgame perfect equilibria of the dynamic game and show the times and locations of entry are governed by the threat of preemption, which leads to premature entry, less extreme locations, and the dissipation of rents. Using data on gas stations, restaurants, and hotels in isolated markets, we find results consistent with subgame perfection for gas stations and three‐star hotels.
Dust sprinkling as an effective method for infecting layer chickens with wild‐type SalmonellaTyphimurium and changes in host gut microbiota
Authors: Khan Samiullah , McWhorter Andrea R. , Andrews Daniel M. , Underwood Gregory J. , Moore Robert J. , Van Thi Thu Hao , Gast Richard K. , Chousalkar Kapil K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRole of dust in Salmonella transmission on chicken farms is not well characterised. Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection of commercial layer chickens was investigated using a novel sprinkling method of chicken dust spiked with ST and the uptake compared to a conventional oral infection. While both inoculation methods resulted in colonisation of the intestines, the Salmonella load in liver samples was significantly higher at 7 dpi after exposing chicks to sprinkled dust compared to the oral infection group. Infection of chickens using the sprinkling method at a range of doses showed a threshold for colonisation of the gut and organs as low as 1000 CFU/g of dust. Caecal content microbiota analysis post‐challenge showed that the profiles of chickens infected by the sprinkling and oral routes were not significantly different; however, both challenges induced differences when compared to the uninfected negative controls. Overall, the study showed that dust sprinkling was an effective way to experimentally colonise chickens with Salmonella and alter the gut microbiota than oral gavage at levels as low as 1000 CFU/g dust. This infection model mimics the field scenario of Salmonella infection in poultry sheds. The model can be used for future challenge studies for effective Salmonella control.
Humanitarian protection activities and the safety of strangers in the DRC, Syria and South Sudan
Authors: Kirk Tom , Pendle Naomi , Vasilyeva Anastasia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany contemporary humanitarian organisations derive their legitimacy from their claims to protect civilians. Yet, what these organisations do in its name includes a diverse and contested range of activities that are often far from what global publics and affected populations understand as constituting protection. As others have argued, this detracts from honest discussions about when and how humanitarians are well placed to keep civilians safe from violence and threats. To begin to address this gap, we review what three well‐known humanitarian organisations publicly say they have done to protect strangers across three violent protracted crises. We capture how they portray their activities, the logics they attribute to them and what is left unsaid. Our findings suggest that humanitarians must, once again, collaborate over a shared protection framework that better signals what others can expect from them. We also identify an emerging convergence around the notion that peer‐to‐peer denunciations, conflict resolution, supporting self‐protection and community protection strategies and improving state‐society relations can be important forms of protection activity. There is, therefore, a need for a public stocktake over what can, cannot, should and should not be done to protect civilians in such contexts.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of an original and a replica‐like reciprocating instruments
Authors: de Bastos Roberta Salles , da Silva Thamires Vidal , Vieira Victor Talarico Leal , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study assessed the mechanical properties of the Only One File Blue and the Reciproc Blue instruments. A total of 80 new 25 mm reciprocating NiTi instruments (25/.08v) were evaluated for their mechanical performance (n = 40 per group). Cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional fatigue, flexural resistance and buckling resistance tests were conducted. Statistical analysis was employed with a significance level set at 5%. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in resistance to cyclic fatigue neither in the fragment length between the instruments (p > 0.05). However, the Reciproc Blue instrument exhibited greater torque to fracture and a larger rotation angle than the Only One File Blue instrument (p < 0.05). The Only One File Blue instrument demonstrated higher flexibility but lower resistance to buckling compared to the Reciproc Blue instrument (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the tested instruments exhibit differences in mechanical properties, with the Reciproc Blue instrument generally presenting greater advantages than the Only One File Blue.
Residual network improves the prediction accuracy of genomic selection
Authors: Wu Huaxuan , Gao Bingxi , Zhang Rong , Huang Zehang , Yin Zongjun , Hu Xiaoxiang , Yang Cai‐Xia , Du Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenetic improvement of complex traits in animal and plant breeding depends on the efficient and accurate estimation of breeding values. Deep learning methods have been shown to be not superior over traditional genomic selection (GS) methods, partially due to the degradation problem (i.e. with the increase of the model depth, the performance of the deeper model deteriorates). Since the deep learning method residual network (ResNet) is designed to solve gradient degradation, we examined its performance and factors related to its prediction accuracy in GS. Here we compared the prediction accuracy of conventional genomic best linear unbiased prediction, Bayesian methods (BayesA, BayesB, BayesC, and Bayesian Lasso), and two deep learning methods, convolutional neural network and ResNet, on three datasets (wheat, simulated and real pig data). ResNet outperformed other methods in both Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) and mean squared error (MSE) on the wheat and simulated data. For the pig backfat depth trait, ResNet still had the lowest MSE, whereas Bayesian Lasso had the highest PCC. We further clustered the pig data into four groups and, on one separated group, ResNet had the highest prediction accuracy (both PCC and MSE). Transfer learning was adopted and capable of enhancing the performance of both convolutional neural network and ResNet. Taken together, our findings indicate that ResNet could improve GS prediction accuracy, affected potentially by factors such as the genetic architecture of complex traits, data volume, and heterogeneity.
Gross anatomy of vascular supply and drainage of mammary fat pads in mice models
Authors: Jayalakshmi J. , Thomas Tijina Rachel , N. S Sreelakshmi , N. S Sunilkumar , Rajani C. V. , K. M Lucy , S Maya , Varghese Reji , T. V. Aravindhakshan , N Ashok , T. D Babu , Darvin Pramod , Chandrasekhar Leena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work extensively studied the vasculature of mice mammary fat pads (BALB/c and C57BL/6) with special reference to haematogenous drainage routes. Mammary fat pads were five pairs (first cervical, second and third thoracic, fourth abdominal and fifth inguinal), bilaterally symmetrical, extending laterally and continuously with the subcutaneous fascia. The superficial cervical artery and vein primarily accomplished the blood vasculature of the first mammary fat pad, while the lateral thoracic and external thoracic arteries and veins supplied the second and third mammary fat pads. The superficial cervical vein (found parallel to the superficial cervical artery) drained into the external jugular vein. The lateral thoracic artery and external thoracic artery branched almost at the same level as the axillary artery (branch of subclavian artery), the latter being more medial in position. However, in some specimens, the branching of both arteries appeared to be at the same level, and their origins were indistinguishable. The lateral thoracic vein that was parallel to the lateral thoracic artery drained to the axillary vein close to the drainage of the external thoracic vein. The lateral thoracic, superficial caudal epigastric, iliolumbar and external thoracic arteries and veins vascularized the fourth mammary fat pad and displayed anastomosis among themselves. The iliolumbar vein (found parallel to the iliolumbar artery) drained into the inferior vena cava. The superficial caudal epigastric vein (found parallel to the superficial caudal epigastric artery (SCaEA)) drained into the femoral vein. Unlike humans, the internal thoracic artery and vein did not participate in the vasculature of mammary fat pads. The SCaEA and vein supplied blood and drained the fifth mammary fat pad. The anatomical continuity of the fourth and fifth mammary fat pads provided common drainage for both mammary fat pads. The BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice strains studied did not differ in topography and size of mammary fat pads. The vascular supply and drainage of the mammary fat pads also did not differ in the strains studied. Only minor variations could be noted in the small veins draining into the lateral thoracic vein. Lateral tributaries seen in the terminal end of the lateral thoracic vein were absent in the C57BL/6 mice.
Heme metabolism and HO‐1 in the pathogenesis and potential intervention of endometriosis
Authors: Hou Ding‐Yu , Lu Jia‐Jing , Zhang Xing , Abudukeyoumu Ayitila , Li Ming‐Qing , Zhu Xiao‐Yong , Xie Feng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEndometriosis (EM) is one of the diseases related to retrograded menstruation and hemoglobin. Heme, released from hemoglobin, is degraded by heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). In EM lesions, heme metabolites regulate processes such as inflammation, redox balance, autophagy, dysmenorrhea, malignancy, and invasion, where macrophages (Mø) play a fundamental role in their interactions. Regulation occurs at molecular, cellular, and pathological levels. Numerous studies suggest that heme is an indispensable component in EM and may contribute to its pathogenesis. The regulatory role of heme in EM encompasses cytokines, signaling pathways, and kinases that mediate cellular responses to external stimuli. HO‐1, a catalytic enzyme in the catabolic phase of heme, mitigates heme's cytotoxicity in EM due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐proliferative properties. Certain compounds may intervene in EM by targeting heme metabolism, guiding the development of appropriate treatments for all stages of endometriosis.
Immunotherapy and biologics in the management of IgE‐mediated food allergy: Systematic review and meta‐analyses of efficacy and safety
Authors: Riggioni Carmen , Oton Teresa , Carmona Loreto , Du Toit George , Skypala Isabel , Santos Alexandra F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFood allergy (FA) is a potentially life‐threatening chronic condition that is becoming an increasing public health problem worldwide. This systematic review (SR) was carried out to inform the development of clinical recommendations on the treatment of IgE‐mediated FA with biologics and/or IT for the update of the EAACI guidelines. A SR of randomized‐controlled trials or quasi‐controlled trials was carried out. Studies were identified via comprehensive search strategies in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library, up to April 2022. Population: Human adults, children, and adolescents with IgE‐mediated FA. Intervention: IT and/or biologics. Comparator: Placebo or standard‐of‐care (allergen avoidance). Outcome: Efficacy (desensitization, sustained unresponsiveness (SU), remission), quality of life, and safety (systemic and local adverse reactions (AR)). The Cochrane RoB tool was used to assess the risk of bias. It was reported according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO CRD4202229828. After screening, 121 studies were included (111 for IT and 10 for biologics). Most studies had a high risk of bias and showed high heterogeneity in design and results. Metanalysis showed a positive effect of biologics and IT in terms of relative risk (RR) for achieving tolerance to the culprit food compared to avoidance or placebo. Omalizumab for any FA showed a RR of 2.17 [95% confidence interval: 1.22, 3.85]. For peanut allergy, oral IT (OIT) had a RR of 11.94 [1.76, 80.84] versus avoidance or placebo, sublingual IT (SLIT) had a RR of 3.00 [1.04, 8.66], and epicutaneous IT (EPIT) of 2.16 [1.56, 3.00]. OIT had a RR of 5.88 [2.27, 15.18] for cow's milk allergy, and of 3.43 [2.24, 5.27] for egg allergy. There was insufficient data on SLIT or EPIT for the treatment of egg and milk allergies. Most ARs reported were mild. For OIT the most common AR involved the gastrointestinal system and for EPIT, AR's most commonly affected the skin. There was limited data on severe or life‐threatening ARs. There was limited evidence for long term efficacy and quality of life. In conclusion, biologics and IT, alone or in combination, are effective in achieving desensitization while on active treatment but more evidence is needed on long‐term tolerance as current evidence is not of high quality. Adverse events while on therapy are generally mild to moderate but a long‐term comprehensive safety profile is missing. There is a critical need to optimize and standardize desensitization protocols and outcome measures to facilitate our understanding of the efficacy and safety as well as to allow for comparison between interventions.
Stakeholder engagement processes for the made in Italy small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises: Value co‐creation in the stakeholder network
Authors: Giordino Daniele , Troise Ciro , Vanhaverbeke Wim , Culasso Francesca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article aims to explore the role of stakeholder engagement in partnerships and the effects that it has on small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises' (SMEs) competitiveness and their ability to expand into foreign markets. This study employs a qualitative approach to research by gathering empirical data from nine SMEs that have engaged in a partnership fostered by a digital platform that operates as an online sales channel. Our study reveals that SMEs engaging in cooperative activities are able to leverage external stakeholders to improve their competitive advantage and increase their capabilities to permeate into foreign markets and better their structural costs and product variety. The insights derived from this study prove useful to both theory and practice. First, the obtained findings underline the significance of cooperative activities in enhancing SMEs' likelihood of growth and thriving amidst the ever‐changing global market. Second, the present article underlines the impact partnerships have on all three dimensions of stakeholder engagement, namely strategic, pragmatic and moral. Third, the present manuscript corroborates the influence of digital platforms in fostering collaborative initiatives. Finally, the findings carry insights supporting the significance of shared values, norms and objectives amongst businesses as crucial elements of the stakeholder engagement process.
Who holds the social power? The development of children's social power perceptions in China
Authors: Wang Chenglong , Lin Yunqiang , Yang Yijin , Li Tingyu , Cheng Nanhua , Yan Congcong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examined the development of social power perceptions among Chinese children aged 3–5 years (N = 105). After watching videos about various social power cues, such as resource possession, resource control, goal achievement, permission, giving orders, setting norms and popularity, the children were asked to identify the powerful agents (whom do you believe is the more powerful person?) in the videos and provide explanations (why do you think he (she) is a powerful person?). Three‐year‐olds can recognize powerful agents who can grant ‘permission’ to other agents. By the age of 4, children begin to associate ‘popularity’, ‘resource possession’ and ‘goal achievement’ with social power. Five‐year olds demonstrated the ability to recognize agents who control resources as being more powerful. Analysis of the reasons the children provided for their judgements revealed that for almost every cue (except giving orders), more than 14% of the responses highlighted ‘possession of material resources’ as an indicator of power. For children aged 3–5 years, ‘resource possession’ cues may be their preferred basis for inferring and explaining power differences. These results would facilitate researchers to further unravel the mechanisms underlying the development of children's social power perceptions.
French early nationwide idecabtagene vicleucel chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy experience in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (FENIX): A real‐world IFM study from the DESCAR‐T registry
Authors: Ferment B. , Lambert J. , Caillot D. , Lafon I. , Karlin L. , Lazareth A. , Touzeau C. , Leleu X. , Moya N. , Harel S. , Perrot A. , Bories P. , Vincent L. , Lamure S. , Mohty M. , Malard F. , Manier S. , Yakoub‐Agha I. , Schiano De Colella J.‐M. , Brisou G. , Talbot A. , Decaux O. , Houot R. , Le Gouill S. , Bigot N. , Facon T. , Corre J. , Moreau P. , Arnulf B. ,   Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome
Published: May 2024

SummaryIdecabtagene vicleucel (ide‐cel), a chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy targeting B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA), received early access program (EAP) authorization in France in April 2021 for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We conducted a real‐world registry‐based multicentre observational study in 11 French hospitals to evaluate ide‐cel outcomes. Data from 176 RRMM patients who underwent apheresis between June 2021 and November 2022 were collected from the French national DESCAR‐T registry. Of these, 159 patients (90%) received ide‐cel. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 90% with 2% grade ≥3, and neurotoxicity occurred in 12% with 3% grade ≥3. Over the first 6 months, the best overall response and ≥complete response rates were 88% and 47% respectively. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) from the ide‐cel infusion was 12.5 months, the median overall survival (OS) was 20.8 months and the estimated OS rate at 12 months was 73.3%. Patients with extra‐medullary disease (EMD) had impaired PFS (6.2 months vs. 14.8 months). On multivariable analysis, EMD and previous exposure to BCMA‐targeted immunoconjugate or T‐cell‐redirecting GPRC5D bispecific antibody were associated with inferior PFS. Our study supports ide‐cel's feasibility, safety and efficacy in real‐life settings, emphasizing the importance of screening for EMD and considering prior treatments to optimize patient selection.
Pregnancy and childbirth in patients with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
Authors: Rottenstreich Amihai , Coller Barry S. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryGlanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare inherited platelet bleeding disorder caused by a quantitative and/or qualitative defect of the αIIbβ3 integrin. Pregnancy and delivery pose special challenges as they entail increased risks of both maternal and foetal bleeding that may be life‐threatening. Multidisciplinary management throughout the preconception, intrapartum and peripartum periods is vital to optimize pregnancy outcomes. This Nutshell review focuses on the challenging management of pregnancy and childbirth in patients with GT.
TRPA1 up‐regulation mediates oxidative stress in a pulpitis model in vitro
Authors: Kunka Árpád , Lisztes Erika , Bohács Judit , Racskó Márk , Kelemen Balázs , Kovalecz Gabriella , Tóth Etelka D. , Hegedűs Csaba , Bágyi Kinga , Marincsák Rita , Tóth Balázs István 
Published: May 2024

Background and PurposePulpitis is associated with tooth hypersensitivity and results in pulpal damage. Thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels expressed in the dental pulp may be key transducers of inflammation and nociception. We aimed at investigating the expression and role of thermo‐TRPs in primary human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) in normal and inflammatory conditions.Experimental ApproachInflammatory conditions were induced in hDPC cultures by applying polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). Gene expression and pro‐inflammatory cytokine release were measured by RT‐qPCR and ELISA. Functions of TRPA1 channels were investigated by monitoring changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Mitochondrial superoxide production was measured using a fluorescent substrate. Cellular viability was assessed by measuring the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases and cytoplasmic esterases. TRPA1 activity was modified by agonists, antagonists, and gene silencing.Key ResultsTranscripts of TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPC5, and TRPA1 were highly expressed in control hDPCs, whereas TRPV3, TRPM2, and TRPM3 expressions were much lower, and TRPM8 was not detected. Poly(I:C) markedly up‐regulated TRPA1 but not other thermo‐TRPs. TRPA1 agonist‐induced Ca2+ signals were highly potentiated in inflammatory conditions. Poly(I:C)‐treated cells displayed increased Ca2+ responses to H2O2, which was abolished by TRPA1 antagonists. Inflammatory conditions induced oxidative stress, stimulated mitochondrial superoxide production, resulted in mitochondrial damage, and decreased cellular viability of hDPCs. This inflammatory cellular damage was partly prevented by the co‐application of TRPA1 antagonist or TRPA1 silencing.Conclusion and ImplicationsPharmacological blockade of TRPA1 channels may be a promising therapeutic approach to alleviate pulpitis and inflammation‐associated pulpal damage.