bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING THE SHAPES AND SPEECH SOUNDS THAT CONSUMERS ASSOCIATE WITH DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHOCOLATE
Authors: NGO MARY KIM , SPENCE CHARLES 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTReliable crossmodal correspondences have been demonstrated between dark and mint chocolates with angular shapes and sharper‐sounding speech sounds on one hand, and between milk chocolate with organic shapes and rounder‐sounding speech sounds on the other. In the present study, a panel of consumers was presented with four different chocolates: two mints (solid and fondant), one dark and one milk. They either tasted (Experiment 1) or simply imagined tasting (Experiment 2) the chocolates and indicated whether the perceived flavor matched one or other of the items (nonsense words or simple outline shapes) anchoring various line scales by marking a point along each scale. Dark and solid mint chocolates were more angular‐shaped and associated with sharp meaningless speech sounds (e.g., “tuki” and “takete”). Mint fondant, by contrast, was considered less angular and more pleasant than dark or solid mints, while milk chocolate was more pleasant and strongly associated with organic shapes and rounded speech sounds (e.g., “lula” and “maluma”). These results corroborate and build upon recent findings concerning sound symbolism in the taste and flavor domain by highlighting the fact that oral‐somatosensory textural cues play an important role in determining the crossmodal correspondences that regular consumers have for foodstuffs such as chocolate.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSWhether taste or texture, or some combination of the two sensory attributes, is responsible for the systematic associations between various chocolates and certain angular/sharp or organic shapes and speech sounds remains unclear. The results of the present study demonstrate that both attributes play an important role in determining consumers' crossmodal correspondences. Thus, when conducting research on various food qualities, these two factors should be carefully considered and/or systematically controlled. Additionally, the fact that these results held across different testing protocols (laboratory‐based vs. online) confirms the potential utility of internet‐based food testing for quantitatively and, importantly, qualitatively valuable/sound data collection (at least for foods that consumers are familiar with). The results of experiments such as those reported here can, in the future, be used to provide insights regarding the speech sounds and abstract imagery that should be associated with specific oral‐somatosensory and taste/flavor attributes in commercial food products. Such results may be used to develop abstract imagery for product packaging and/or brand names/logos that more effectively capture the shape/sound symbolic properties of the food concerned.
VISUAL AND INSTRUMENTAL EVALUATION OF ORANGE JUICE COLOR: A CONSUMERS' PREFERENCE STUDY
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ‐VÁZQUEZ ROCÍO , STINCO CARLA M. , MELÉNDEZ‐MARTÍNEZ ANTONIO J. , HEREDIA FRANCISCO J. , VICARIO ISABEL M. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study was aimed at (1) finding out correlations between the instrumental and the sensory evaluation of color attributes (lightness, chroma and hue) in orange juices (OJs) and (2) evaluating consumer preferences on OJs color. Fresh hand squeezed OJs from five varieties of oranges were evaluated by image analysis (DigiEye System, VeriVide Ltd., Leicester, UK) and spectroradiometer. Eighteen trained panelists classified the OJs in increasing order of hue (yellowish–reddish), chroma (dull–vivid) and lightness (clear–dark) and scored the colorimetric parameters on a continuous scale of 10 cm, anchored at the ends. Hue and lightness were well correlated with the instrumental measurement but not chroma. One hundred eleven consumers were asked to order the five OJs according to their color liking. A significant preference (P < 0.05) was observed for the OJs with intermediate hue and lightness values (Valencia Midnight). Consumers' segmentation was also explored by cluster analyses.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFor the first time, the correlations between instrumental color parameters obtained with DigiEye and the sensory evaluation of color in orange juice (OJ) has been explored. These correlations have demonstrated that trained panelists can effectively evaluate orange juice hue and lightness. Small chroma differences (<2.96 CIELAB units) are not well appreciated by a trained panel and therefore would not be relevant for the industry.Consumers' preference for OJ color suggests that the preferred hues are the most orangish against other more reddish or yellowish ones. However, there are different segments of the population that show preference for more reddish hues.
Environmental education and learning communities: The case of Kaikorai Stream, Dunedin, New Zealand
Authors: McMillan Simon G. , Binns Tony 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses a secondary school education initiative focussing on environment and sustainability centred on a small urban stream. This initiative has passed through an engagement stage, involving the community and other schools, and is now being embedded in curriculum learning. A cross‐curricular learning programme has been trialled and points the way toward new types of educational models within secondary schools in accord with opportunities offered by the new school curriculum. Moreover, these opportunities have wider benefits across the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors as well as within the community. These benefits include vertically structured place‐based education, win‐win partnerships, rationalising of local resources and leadership and networking. Further developments within the context of integrated catchment management are ongoing.
THE BABYLONIAN PRIESTHOOD IN THE LONG SIXTH CENTURY BC
Authors: WAERZEGGERS CAROLINE 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Babylonia experienced a remarkable upsurge in prosperity in the long sixth century BC (c. 620–480 BC). Tens of thousands of cuneiform texts bear witness to its vibrant economy, dynamic society, and creativity in art, literature, and science. In this fast-moving world, temples were bulwarks of traditional Babylonian beliefs and values. Everywhere in Mesopotamia, priests have left archives that tell us about their cultic tasks, daily concerns, and intellectual universe. These texts are a goldmine for the study of Babylonian religion and society, and the aim of this article is to introduce some of the new insights that are emerging from this material.
Treatment of subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle of mature horses with growth factor enhanced chondrocyte grafts: A retrospective study of 49 cases
Authors: ORTVED K. F. , NIXON A. J. , MOHAMMED H. O. , FORTIER L. A. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:To evaluate the long‐term clinical outcome after allogeneic chondrocyte and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) grafting of subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) of the femoral condyle in horses.Objective:To test the hypothesis that chondrocyte and IGF‐I grafts will improve the long‐term clinical outcome in arthroscopically debrided SCLs.Methods:Medical records of 49 horses with SCLs of the femoral condyle treated by debridement and implantation of chondrocytes and IGF‐I were reviewed. Preoperative radiographs were obtained, and caudocranial radiographic projections were used to establish a ratio between cyst and femoral condyle size. Arthroscopic cyst debridement followed by filling of the bone void with autologous cancellous bone (45 horses) or tricalcium phosphate granules (4 horses) was performed. A paired syringe containing a fibrinogen and chondrocyte mixture in one syringe and calcium‐activated bovine thrombin with IGF‐I in the other was used to cover the surface. A successful outcome was defined as a horse that performed to its intended use without lameness.Results:A successful outcome was achieved in 36 of 49 horses (74%). Preoperative radiography was performed in all horses, with 33 horses having unilateral SCLs of the medial femoral condyle, 15 horses having bilateral SCLs of the medial femoral condyle, and one horse having bilateral SCLs of the lateral femoral condyle. Median age of the horses was 3.3 years. Fifteen horses had preoperative radiographic and arthroscopic evidence of osteoarthritis (OA). A successful outcome was not influenced by age of horse, presence of pre‐existing osteoarthritis or preoperative size of the subchondral cyst. Grafting resulted in success for 80% of horses >3 years old, and in 80% of horses with OA.Conclusions:Implantation of allogeneic chondrocytes supplemented with IGF‐I is an effective treatment for horses with SCLs of the femoral condyle, and particularly for older horses and horses with pre‐existing osteoarthritis.Potential relevance:Chondrocyte implantation may offer a greater chance of long‐term success in older horses and horses with osteoarthritis than has been previously reported with cyst debridement alone.
Relatives' responses to psychosis: An exploratory investigation of low expressed emotion relatives
Authors: Treanor Lucy , Lobban Fiona , Barrowclough Christine 
Published: December 2011

Objective. Expressed emotion (EE) refers to the emotional climate within a family. High EE significantly increases the risk of relapse in people with psychosis. The focus of research to date has largely been on understanding mechanisms underlying high EE. A greater understanding of low EE would help guide family interventions to build strengths within the family. The aim of this study was to understand how low EE relatives respond to having a close family member with psychosis.Design. A subsample of eight low EE relatives, from a larger study investigating relatives' adaptation to recent onset psychosis, was interviewed. Transcripts were analysed following the principles of interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA).Method. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with each relative covering broad areas of their experience, including their awareness of the development of mental health problems and relationship with their relative.Results. Four core themes emerged: witnessing the distress; empathy through acceptance and understanding; a broad range of coping strategies to reduce distress; and realistic optimism for the future.Conclusions. The study highlights that, although relatives described distressing experiences and feelings of frustration and anger, they showed empathy and commitment to support the person. They demonstrated psychological mindedness about the psychosis and related behaviours, had developed coping strategies, and had adjusted their expectations for the future. Further research is warranted to investigate the findings in larger samples, with a view to informing the development of more effective ways of supporting families.Practitioner Points

When working with low EE families practitioners should recognize that, despite the low EE rating, these relatives may have witnessed distressing and frightening experiences.

Practitioners should support relatives to develop a cognitive model to understand the illness, including illness identity, cause and consequences, with particular attention paid to the illness appraisals.

Family interventions may helpfully focus on working with relatives to develop proactive coping strategies and move towards a recovery‐focused model of the illness with realistic expectations for the future.
Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses Induced by Recombinant Lactobacillus spp. Expressing the Hemagglutinin of the Avian Influenza Virus H5N1
Authors: Wang Zhisheng , Yu Qinghua , Gao Junkai , Yang Qian 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

To develop a safe, effective, and convenient vaccine for the prevention of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), we have successfully constructed two recombinant lactobacillus strains (LA4356-pH and DLD17-pH) that express the foreign HPAI virus protein hemagglutinin 1 (HA
1
). The mucosal and systemic immune responses triggered by these two recombinant lactobacilli following oral administration to BALB/c mice were evaluated. The results showed that both LA4356-pH and DLD17-pH could significantly increase the specific anti-HA
1
IgA antibody level in the mucosa and the anti-HA
1
IgG level in serum, as well as stimulating the splenic lymphocyte proliferative reaction through increased expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4). Compared with LA4356-pH, DLD17-pH was more effective at inducing systemic and mucosal immune responses, with higher anti-HA
1
-specific IgA and IgG levels. Therefore, DLD17-pH could be a promising oral vaccine candidate against HPAI.
Baseline Cellular HIV DNA Load Predicts HIV DNA Decline and Residual HIV Plasma Levels during Effective Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Parisi Saverio Giuseppe , Andreis Samantha , Mengoli Carlo , Scaggiante Renzo , Ferretto Roberto , Manfrin Vinicio , Cruciani Mario , Giobbia Mario , Boldrin Caterina , Basso Monica , Andreoni Massimo , Palù Giorgio , Sarmati Loredana 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Cellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA may be considered a marker of disease progression with significant predictive power, but published data on its correlation with plasma HIV RNA levels and CD4 counts in acute and chronic patients are not conclusive. We evaluated a cohort of 180 patients naïve for antiretroviral therapy before the beginning of treatment and after a virological response in order to define the indicators correlated with HIV DNA load decrease until undetectability. The following variables were evaluated as continuous variables: age, CD4 cell count and log
10
HIV DNA level at baseline and follow-up, and baseline log
10
HIV RNA level. Primary HIV infection at the start of therapy, an HIV RNA level at follow-up of <2.5 copies/ml, origin, gender, and transmission risk were evaluated as binary variables. The decline of HIV DNA values during effective therapy was directly related to baseline HIV DNA and HIV RNA values, to an increase in the number of CD4 cells, and to the achievement of an HIV RNA load of <2.5 copies/ml. An undetectable cellular HIV DNA load was achieved by 21.6% of patients at the follow-up time point and correlated significantly with lower baseline cellular HIV DNA values and with being in the primary stage of infection when therapy started. In conclusion, early treatment facilitated the achievement of undetectable levels of plasma viremia and cellular HIV DNA and a better recovery of CD4 lymphocytes. HIV DNA levels before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy may be used as a new tool for monitoring treatment efficacy.
System-related interventions to reduce diagnostic errors: a narrative review
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Graber Mark L , Kissam Stephanie M , Sorensen Asta V , Lenfestey Nancy F , Tant Elizabeth M , Henriksen Kerm , LaBresh Kenneth A 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundDiagnostic errors (missed, delayed or wrong diagnosis) have recently gained attention and are associated with significant preventable morbidity and mortality. The authors reviewed the recent literature and identified interventions that address system-related factors that contribute directly to diagnostic errors.MethodsThe authors conducted a comprehensive search using multiple search strategies. First, they performed a PubMed search to identify articles exclusively related to diagnostic error or delay published in English between 2000 and 2009. They then sought papers from references in the initial dataset, searches of additional databases, and subject matter experts. Articles were included if they formally evaluated an intervention to prevent or reduce diagnostic error; however, papers were also included if interventions were suggested and not tested to inform the state of the science on the subject. Interventions were characterised according to the step in the diagnostic process they targeted: patient–provider encounter; performance and interpretation of diagnostic tests; follow-up and tracking of diagnostic information; subspecialty and referral-related issues; and patient-specific care-seeking and adherence processes.Results43 articles were identified for full review, of which six reported tested interventions and 37 contained suggestions for possible interventions. Empirical studies, although somewhat positive, were non-experimental or quasi-experimental and included a small number of clinicians or healthcare sites. Outcome measures in general were underdeveloped and varied markedly among studies, depending on the setting or step in the diagnostic process.ConclusionsDespite a number of suggested interventions in the literature, few empirical studies in the past decade have tested interventions to reduce diagnostic errors. Advancing the science of diagnostic error prevention will require more robust study designs and rigorous definitions of diagnostic processes and outcomes to measure intervention effects.
Health professional networks as a vector for improving healthcare quality and safety: a systematic review
Authors: Cunningham Frances C , Ranmuthugala Geetha , Plumb Jennifer , Georgiou Andrew , Westbrook Johanna I , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundWhile there is a considerable corpus of theoretical and empirical literature on networks within and outside of the health sector, multiple research questions are yet to be answered.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of studies of professionals' network structures, identifying factors associated with network effectiveness and sustainability, particularly in relation to quality of care and patient safety.MethodsThe authors searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science and Business Source Premier from January 1995 to December 2009.ResultsA majority of the 26 unique studies identified used social network analysis to examine structural relationships in networks: structural relationships within and between networks, health professionals and their social context, health collaboratives and partnerships, and knowledge sharing networks. Key aspects of networks explored were administrative and clinical exchanges, network performance, integration, stability and influences on the quality of healthcare. More recent studies show that cohesive and collaborative health professional networks can facilitate the coordination of care and contribute to improving quality and safety of care. Structural network vulnerabilities include cliques, professional and gender homophily, and over-reliance on central agencies or individuals.ConclusionsEffective professional networks employ natural structural network features (eg, bridges, brokers, density, centrality, degrees of separation, social capital, trust) in producing collaboratively oriented healthcare. This requires efficient transmission of information and social and professional interaction within and across networks. For those using networks to improve care, recurring success factors are understanding your network's characteristics, attending to its functioning and investing time in facilitating its improvement. Despite this, there is no guarantee that time spent on networks will necessarily improve patient care.
Malleability of human skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum to short-term training
Authors: Green Howard J. , Burnett Margaret , Kollias Helen , Ouyang Jing , Smith Ian , Tupling Susan 
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the hypothesis that adaptations would occur in the sarcoplasmic reticulum in vastus lateralis soon after the onset of aerobic-based training consistent with reduced Ca2+-cycling potential. Tissue samples were extracted prior to (0 days) and following 3 and 6 days of cycling performed for 2 h at 60%–65% of peak aerobic power (VO2peak) in untrained males (VO2peak= 47 ± 2.3 mL·kg–1·min–1; mean ± SE, n = 6) and assessed for changes (nmol·mg protein–1·min–1) in maximal Ca2+-ATPase activity (Vmax), Ca2+-uptake, and Ca2+-release (phase 1 and phase 2) as well as the sarcoplasmic (endoplasmic) reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) isoforms. Training resulted in reductions (p < 0.05) in SERCA1a at 6 days (–14%) but not at 3 days. For SERCA2a, reductions (p < 0.05) were also noted only at 6 days (–7%). For Vmax, depressions (p < 0.05) were found at 6 days (172 ± 11) but not at 3 days (176 ± 13; p < 0.10) compared with 0 days (192 ± 11). These changes were accompanied by a lower (p < 0.05) Ca2+-uptake at both 3 days (–39%) and 6 days (–48%). A similar pattern was found for phase 1 Ca2+-release with reductions (p < 0.05) of 37% observed at 6 days and 23% (p = 0.21) at 3 days of training, respectively. In a related study using the same training protocol and participant characteristics, microphotometric determinations of Vmaxindicated reductions (p < 0.05) in type I at 3 days (–27%) and at 6 days (–34%) and in type IIA fibres at 6 days (–17%). It is concluded that in response to aerobic-based training, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-cycling potential is reduced by adaptations that occur soon after training onset.
DISCOVERING SIGNIFICANT EVOLUTION PATTERNS FROM SATELLITE IMAGE TIME SERIES
Authors: PETITJEAN FRANÇOIS , MASSEGLIA FLORENT , GANÇARSKI PIERRE , FORESTIER GERMAIN 
Published: December 2011

Satellite Image Time Series (SITS) provide us with precious information on land cover evolution. By studying these series of images we can both understand the changes of specific areas and discover global phenomena that spread over larger areas. Changes that can occur throughout the sensing time can spread over very long periods and may have different start time and end time depending on the location, which complicates the mining and the analysis of series of images. This work focuses on frequent sequential pattern mining (FSPM) methods, since this family of methods fits the above-mentioned issues. This family of methods consists of finding the most frequent evolution behaviors, and is actually able to extract long-term changes as well as short term ones, whenever the change may start and end. However, applying FSPM methods to SITS implies confronting two main challenges, related to the characteristics of SITS and the domain's constraints. First, satellite images associate multiple measures with a single pixel (the radiometric levels of different wavelengths corresponding to infra-red, red, etc.), which makes the search space multi-dimensional and thus requires specific mining algorithms. Furthermore, the non evolving regions, which are the vast majority and overwhelm the evolving ones, challenge the discovery of these patterns. We propose a SITS mining framework that enables discovery of these patterns despite these constraints and characteristics. Our proposal is inspired from FSPM and provides a relevant visualization principle. Experiments carried out on 35 images sensed over 20 years show the proposed approach makes it possible to extract relevant evolution behaviors.