bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imagining the Eternal Village
Authors: Lystra Karen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Terse or expansive in their descriptions, reassured or distressed in their judgments, many working-class correspondents focused on the individual death. This included working-class soldiers during the Civil War who often stripped away the hazy filters of middle-class conventions in their honest and blunt accounts. Others, however, placed single deaths in a larger context of community life. Americans were exposed to the constant loss of children as well as the deaths of young adults on an unprecedented scale during the Civil War. Belief in the afterlife was a crucial coping mechanism. The working-class version of heaven was a utopian future where sickness, sorrow, and pain would be banished. Its central attraction was meeting family and friends and belonging to a community—in a state forever unchanged. Reflected in the mirror of death was the most intense emotional expression in working-class letters: a painful yearning for personal attachment without loss.
Queen of Proofs and the Kings of Torment
Authors: Sandhya Shaifali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4, “Queen of Proofs and the Kings of Torment: Psychological Sequelae of Torture,” defines torture and discusses its mental health ramifications, such as somatic overload, memory impairment, chronic pain, and substance abuse, as well as torture’s utility for oppressive regimes. Socio-structural factors, such as gender, ethnicity, culture, and geography, can affect the prevalence of torture and posttraumatic stress. Survivors of torture are a high-risk group with chronic conditions that can affect their personalities, quality of life, and integration. Described as a silent epidemic sweeping the world, for many forcibly displaced populations, the presence of a history of torture can punctuate survivors’ daily lives with debilitating mental and physical ailments and augur difficulties in their intimate relationships. Through examples of institutions, this chapter urges our attention to complicities created through the apparatuses of torture in the form of insidious institutional practices and efforts to co-opt the support of health professionals. The chapter highlights necessary steps toward the holistic rehabilitation of survivors of torture in accordance with their human rights and States’ obligations to document and investigate their ill-treatment.
Enrique Iglesias Goes German
Authors: Sandhya Shaifali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5, “Enrique Iglesias Goes German: Identity Politics and Identity Repair,” explores how extreme suffering and crises can shape individual and collective identity. The cultural and cognitive perspectives of identity development utilize the assumption that individuals access their own experiences—however, in persecutory conditions, trauma can obstruct access to important aspects of the self. The chapter proposes a pragmatic perspective of identity development that depicts the refugee as an active agent of self-creation vested in repairing and reinventing their identity. Constructing refugee identity can occur through reframing, deploying and negotiating social categories (e.g., ethnicity, religion, nationality, race, and culture) and networks (transatlantic or within host communities). Identity may be reconceptualized as nonstatic and fluid, which also suggests its ability to help mount unsurpassable challenges in trauma, and this could play a positive role for refugees’ welfare.
Best Practices in Treating Trauma and Refugee Care
Authors: Sandhya Shaifali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Intervention contexts, from refugee camps to the clinics of resettled nations, are volatile, under-resourced, overstretched, and imbued with feelings of hopelessness and helplessness of refugee patients and often of practitioners. In addition to treatment gaps, other shortcomings in the care of refugees include an absence of rapid, phase-based, and coordinated care and the disconnection of trauma from its contexts of history, geography, and social position. Chapter 10, “Best Practices in Treating Trauma and Refugee Care: The Ecology of Trauma-Informed and Cultural Health Interventions,” proposes incorporating insights from both culture-based and evidence-based research to design clinically relevant and culturally sensitive interventions for conflict-affected populations. Engaging cultural and evidence-based discourses so they mutually enrich each other can be done at different levels, such as psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic, with cognitive therapies such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive processing therapy, brief manual-based trauma therapies, and prolonged exposure therapy, and others like narrative exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing systems, and community-centered and somatic therapies. The chapter discusses the development of cultural knowledge, skills, and awareness at five levels: provider and treatment, humanitarian, detention or extrajudicial, institutional, and community of host countries. Included are interviews from government officials, agency directors, and managers of prominent refugee camps around the status of mental health in humanitarian settings.
Epilogue
Authors: Sandhya Shaifali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The toll of failing to elevate refugee mental health at the personal, communal, and international level is immense, sprawling, and growing, and the stakes could not be higher for the world’s refugees—and for the rest of us. The epilogue discusses the global need to address consciously and proactively the fallout from trauma or posttraumatic stress in displaced populations to improve their health outcomes at all levels, maximize the impact of public health resources, and encourage stability and prosperity for all. It charts out 10 systems-level and refugee-centered initiatives toward the better integration of refugees and the upliftment of their mental health. With timely and strategic investments in their mental health, refugees are more likely to become not just stronger individuals, but also stronger nation-building partners, workers, residents, and citizens.
Women and OUD
Authors: Ukockis Gail 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 focuses on women affected by the opioid crisis, especially those who become pregnant while using drugs. The criminalization of pregnancy has emerged as a reproductive justice issue because women who need treatment are arrested instead. Reproductive justice is defined here as the social context such as access to healthcare. The chapter also discusses how the “crack baby” myth of 30 years ago still affects policymakers today. Human trafficking is also linked to drug use, an intersection which has been worsened by the opioid crisis. The last section, women in prison, discusses how the War on Drugs has resulted in the mass incarceration of women.
Green and Blue
Authors: Loew Peter Oliver 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 traces the city’s history from its earliest recorded mention in 997 to its nearly complete destruction in 1308. The chapter gives the likely locations of the earliest settlement, landmarks, and fortress as well as the development of the city, its already relatively diverse population, and their daily lives. Gdańsk exchanged hands a number of times during this period and, because of its geographical location, which was ideal for trade as well as defense, soon became a desired prize for a number of nearby larger powers including the margraves of Brandenburg and the Teutonic Knights. Disputes over Gdańsk led to a number of conflicts, culminating in the “Gdańsk Bloodbath” inflicted by the Teutonic Order upon its conquest and destruction of the city in 1308.
Brick-Red
Authors: Loew Peter Oliver 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 recounts the city’s nearly 150 years under the rule of the Teutonic Knights. As the Teutonic Order rebuilt the city following the “Gdańsk Bloodbath,” the population increased rapidly and became almost entirely German. This would remain so for over seven centuries, during which the city would be known primarily by its German name of Danzig. Under the stifling rule of the Teutonic Knights, the city was finally able to win greater political and economic autonomy when it gained membership in the powerful Hanseatic League. Danzig’s struggle to cast off Teutonic rule culminated when, along with other German cities making up what was known as the Prussian Confederation, it made an appeal (and ultimately agreed to subject itself) to the Polish crown.
Against a Red Background
Authors: Loew Peter Oliver 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Beginning with the end of the First World War, chapter 7 finds Danzig a “Free City” to be administered by the League of Nations. Amid the severe economic crises of the 1920s and early 1930s, political developments in the almost entirely German-speaking Free City mirrored those in the Weimar Republic and then the Third Reich. Political opponents were systematically eliminated through violence and intimidation, and the persecution of minorities, in particular Danzig’s Jewish community, increased. The Second World War began as German battleships bombarded the Polish munitions depot on the Westerplatte on September 1, 1939. Danzig enthusiastically joined Germany, and life generally went on as usual, with the city and many of its inhabitants playing their quiet roles in Nazi crimes. The Red Army took the city in March 1945, and shortly thereafter, Danzig became the Polish (and Soviet) city of Gdańsk.
Testamental Discontinuity, 1519–1525
Authors: Hildebrand Pierrick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The first chapter covers the period from Zwingli’s arrival in Zurich in 1519 to mid-1525 and assesses the Reformer’s use of covenantal terminology in his early writings. The relevant texts, which address the sacraments, both eucharist and baptism, reveal the immediate, often polemical context for the development of Zwingli’s theological thinking on the covenant. The Reformer’s use and understanding of covenantal terms lead us to conclude that during this period he still thought in terms of “testamental discontinuity.” For the Reformer, the biblical narrative of the old and new testaments related two fundamentally different testaments, holding an antithesis between law and grace.
Mutual Influence, to 1534
Authors: Hildebrand Pierrick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 1523 Bullinger followed a call, perhaps mediated by Zwingli, to become schoolmaster at the Cistercian abbey of Kappel. The close relationship between the two Reformers that followed led to mutual influence with respect to theological concerns, including the covenant. This chapter demonstrates Bullinger’s reception of Zwingli’s basic insights in his writings from 1525 onward. The sources show, however, that from early on Bullinger developed the covenant into an overarching locus, for it was applied to a variety of literary genres and theological matters. The period considered in this chapter culminates with the publication of De testamento (1534), a writing entirely dedicated to the covenant.
Epilogue
Authors: Hildebrand Pierrick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The close reading and intertextual approach offered in this study have shown for the first time the clear influence of Zurich on the development of the Reformed covenantal tradition in Geneva and Heidelberg. This study not only nuances and corrects preceding narratives but also opens up paths for further research from historical-theological perspectives. If Zurich, which stood at the beginning of Reformed covenant theology, still exercised influence at an early stage of Reformed confessionalization, how might this influence have looked for the later stages of the Reformed tradition? Zwingli’s and Bullinger’s names may have fallen into oblivion in the seventeenth century, but the covenantal elements they had initiated and shaped remained.
Choosing a Research Question
Authors: Lynch Julia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses how to choose a research question. A research question, as distinct from a broader research topic, is the specific problem that researchers are trying to shed light on through the inquiry they conduct for a specific product (paper, thesis, article, book). The chapter discusses advantages and disadvantages of several different types of research questions: those that seek primarily to fill gaps in the literature; those that are driven by the researcher’s methodological skills; those animated mainly by interest in a particular problem. It also discusses the important role of our puzzles and of passions, both positive and negative, in the choice of research questions. Because no one type of question is optimal for all situations, the best research question for the researcher is likely to be the one that meets their specific needs as a scholar and as a person. However, all good research questions share a characteristic discussed in the final section of the chapter: they provide enough analytic leverage to be worth pursuing.
Preparing an Interpretive Research Design
Authors: Schwarz Tanya B , Reiling Carrie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
While all research designs have similar foundational components, research designs for interpretive projects include additional features and challenges that must be properly addressed and accounted for. Interpretive researchers not only grapple with how to articulate their concepts and research questions clearly while still allowing room for maximum theoretical and logistical flexibility, they must also hone their communication skills to ensure that their unique approaches are properly supported. This chapter examines designing and completing interpretive research projects in peacebuilding and international relations to highlight some of the key features and challenges of an interpretive research design. It summarizes the central epistemological assumptions and approaches of interpretive research, explains how those perspectives shape the research design, and discusses potential challenges of creating a research design for interpretive research and how to address those difficulties.
Developing a Flexible Data-Collection Plan
Authors: Mayka Lindsay , Rich Jessica A. J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Qualitative researchers generate a lot of data as they read, interview, interpret, and/or observe. This chapter provides strategies for thinking through the varied uses of one’s data. These strategies need to be considered before data collection begins, but they also need to be reconsidered throughout the data-collection process. This chapter will address three key questions researchers confront as they develop and update their data-collection strategy. First, what are the researcher’s objectives and priorities in data collection? Second, how can the researcher ensure their data is valid? Finally, how can the researcher make their data useful for multiple projects? This chapter explores why each question is important, and it gives practical tips for how to approach them based on concrete examples of fieldwork.
Interviewing Elites
Authors: Li Lantian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is especially challenging to access and interview elites since they tend to possess more power than researchers. However, if done properly, elites’ testimonies can be uniquely helpful in uncovering the origins of social problems or public policies. This chapter discusses strategies about how to choose sampling methods for different types of elite interviews, how to gain access to elites according to their spheres of influence, how to adapt positioning strategies according to the elite interviewee’s identity, how to mitigate the power asymmetry between interviewees and researchers, and how to navigate some logistical and practical challenges during fieldwork.
Focus Groups
Authors: Cyr Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Focus groups are incredibly useful for getting at different types of information. When certain issues or concepts are discussed in a social setting—that is, in a focused, group conversation—rich, nuanced, and multilayered ideas about the topics of interest can emerge. Like all data collection methods, focus groups are well suited for certain types of research questions. This chapter seeks to help researchers decide if focus groups are useful for their research project. It also provides tips on how to execute focus groups, with an emphasis on moderating and the question protocol. Finally, it addresses some of the challenges commonly associated with focus groups.
Locating and Working with Historical Data
Authors: Kim Diana S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Qualitative research utilizing historical data is inextricably tied to the practice of archival research. This chapter introduces strategies for navigating archives that address analytical challenges that accompany the act of collecting records about the past and transforming them into evidence for qualitative analyses. It familiarizes researchers with key terminology and the organizational structure of archives that enable effective use of metarecords (such as a finding aid, index, and research guide). It also explains how researchers may locate, collect, and analyze records in ways that anticipate potential biases (such as source bias, survival bias, reinforcement bias, transfer bias, and digitization bias).
Content Analysis
Authors: Rucks-Ahidiana Zawadi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Researchers interested in language and how it is used often take a content analysis approach. Sometimes called “text analysis,” this method can be used to uncover the underlying assumptions, stereotypes, and assessments in the language people use, particularly when working with a large quantity of qualitative sources. Using searches to identify words and phrases in documents, researchers can investigate how data sources describe people, places, or social issues to uncover and analyze underlying value judgments. Approaching the process with content analysis can also be used to identify where to apply more time intensive handcoding in a large qualitative dataset. This chapter describes two ways to implement content analysis (using text searches without and with a qualitative data analysis software package) with an approach that engages the context in which words and phrases are used.
Comparative Historical Analysis
Authors: Singh Prerna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Comparative historical analysis (CHA) is a long-standing, influential research tradition, which has generated foundational texts of political science and sociology as well as 20th-century “classics.” It continues to foster scholarship committed to asking “big” questions of substantial real-world importance and developing, in response, novel theoretical frameworks that push beyond conventional wisdoms. CHA’s theory is inductively developed through in-depth case study comparisons of a small number of cases. It prioritizes historical narratives that explicitly and meticulously detail the sequence and ways in which a configuration of factors influences their chosen outcome. CHA is committed not just to establishing but also to unpacking the how of a causal relationship.
Postscript
Authors: Chung Kyungbae , Gilbert Neil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led many countries to implement significant fiscal measures to provide relief to their citizens suffering from the pandemic’s economic disruption. In Korea, the emergency basic income has primed public opinion for a general expansion of income maintenance programs, such as Universal Basic Income (UBI). The ruling Democratic party’s leading progressive candidate in the 2022 Korean presidential election, Lee Jea-myung, has championed UBI. He proposed establishing a UBI for all Korean citizens, starting with an annual payment of 250,000 won per person, with the ultimate goal of providing a monthly income of 500,000 won to the entire population, thus mitigating the displacement of jobs in the digital economy. Those who support UBI see many immediate benefits related to the decommodification of labor, by alleviating poverty and inequality and lowering administrative costs that are typically associated with conventional means-tested social welfare programs. However, those who oppose UBI fear that it could create a formidable disincentive to work.
Introduction Aporias and Affordances
Authors: McDaniel Justin Thomas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The introduction provides the context of the first meeting of the religious studies, theology, and human flourishing project. Divided into two sections, Aporias and Affordances, it describes the divisions in methodological and conceptual approaches of positive psychology, psychometrics, religious studies, and theology. It identifies some of the problems that faced methodological differences among scholars of these diverse fields, as well as pointing to new collaborative and theoretical approaches. It also shows the creative ways the collection of scholars from a dozen different institutions brought together these widely divergent fields. The introduction also introduces the scholars, offers short descriptions of their chapters, and suggests future research agendas.
Disenchantment with Disenchantment
Authors: Charry Ellen T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
For Augustine and many other people, the fruit of self-examination is better care for others. However, care for others is care of self. Indeed, care for others, loving others well in ways that enhance their well-being, not only enables more people to contribute usefully to the common good. It is the healing of the soul that builds up true excellence for the enjoyment of and satisfaction with the self. To care for others is ultimately to grow toward becoming what Augustine believes God truly means for people to become: loving as God is loving, beautiful as God is beautiful, and wise as God is wise. The therapeutic dynamic is both from without to within and from within again outward. Augustine’s hope is that people will mature into adept and agile love and become less curved in on themselves for both their own well-being and that of others.
Fighting Spirit
Authors: Weitzman Steven 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The field of positive psychology has been making a scientific case for religion as a way to cultivate well-being, but its claims about religion have also provoked a fair amount of skepticism. This chapter explores positive psychology’s approach to religion by looking at a case study—the US military’s embrace of “spiritual fitness training” as a way to cultivate soldiers’ well-being and resilience. What can be learned from it about positive psychology’s approach to spirituality/religion? Has it revealed any shortcomings with that approach? This chapter will explore these questions in an effort to promote a deeper dialogue between positive psychology and the academic field of religious studies, drawing on the latter not just as a source of knowledge about religion but as a way to think about the hidden costs of applying academic ideas to people’s religious lives.
Introduction
Authors: Tanyag Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter sets out the research question and aims of the book. It begins by reflecting on how inequalities in mortality disproportionately affect women and girls in low to middle-income countries and in fragile, humanitarian and emergency contexts. The chapter outlines sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), placing them within a dynamic and evolving international human rights framework seeking to address the fact that women and girls face extensive forms of discrimination, which serve as fundamental barriers to human dignity and impede the equal sharing of responsibility between men and women and society as a whole. The chapter then details the range of data sources, methods, and analysis employed in the book, presents its approach, and outlines its overall structure.