bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free Decarboxylative Allylation of Oxime Esters under Light Irradiation
Authors: Geniller Lilian , Ben Kraim Hiba , Clot Eric , Taillefer Marc , Jaroschik Florian , Prieto Alexis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAllylation reactions, often used as a key step for constructing complex molecules and drug candidates, typically rely on transition‐metal (TM) catalysts. Even though TM‐free radical allylations have been developed using allyl‐stannanes, ‐sulfides, ‐silanes or ‐sulfones, much less procedures have been reported using simple and commercially available allyl halides, that are used for the preparation of the before‐mentioned allyl derivatives. Here, we present a straightforward photocatalytic protocol for the decarboxylative allylation of oxime esters using allyl bromide derivatives under metal‐free and mild conditions. This methodology yields a diverse variety of functionalized molecules including several pharmaceutically relevant molecules.
Telluronium‐Catalyzed Halogenation Reactions: Chalcogen‐Bond Activation of N‐Halosuccinimides and Catalysis
Authors: Groslambert Loic , Pale Patrick , Mamane Victor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ability of triaryltelluronium salts to interact with N‐halosuccinimides (NXS) through chalcogen bonding (ChB) in the solid state and in solution is demonstrated herein. Cocrystals of the triaryltelluronium bearing two CF3 electron‐withdrawing groups per aryl ring with N‐chloro‐, N‐bromo‐ and N‐iodosuccinimide (respectively NCS, NBS and NIS) were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, evidencing a ChB between tellurium and the carbonyl group of NXS. This ChB was confirmed in solution by NMR spectroscopy, especially by 125Te NMR titration experiment, which allowed the determination of the association constant (Ka) between the telluronium and NBS. The so‐obtained Ka value of 17.3±0.6 M−1 indicated a moderate interaction in solution because of the competitive role of the solvent. The strength of the Te⋅⋅⋅O ChB was however sufficient enough to promote the catalytic halofunctionalization of aromatics and of alkenes such as the intra‐ and intermolecular haloalkoxylation and haloesterification of alkenes.
Conformity or differentiation: How corporate social responsibility affects employee behaviour in China
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Shaoheng , Hu Wenan , Zhang Zhixin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn reality, not all enterprises pursue the same or similar corporate social responsibility practices. The effects produced by enterprises fulfilling the identical corporate social responsibility are not always the same. Based on the social identity theory and social exchange theory, this paper discusses the impact of corporate social responsibility on employee behaviour, so as to clarify the deep‐rooted motivations and effects of enterprises' choice of different social responsibility strategies under Chinese unique institutional contexts. By adopting a quantitative approach, this paper finds that corporate social responsibility positively predicts employee behaviour, and that different types of corporate social responsibility have different effects. In addition, this paper finds that employee organisational commitment mediates the relationship between corporate social responsibility and employee behaviour. Consistent corporate social responsibility mainly affects employees' in‐role behaviour primarily through normative commitment, and differentiated corporate social responsibility mainly affects employees' extra‐role behaviour through affective commitment. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Strategic responses to hostile takeover threats: Empirical evidence on enhancing corporate social engagement
Authors: Treepongkaruna Sirimon , Sarajoti Pattarake , Padungsaksawasdi Chaiyuth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics between external corporate governance mechanisms and social engagement offers insights into how corporate strategies towards social capital are shaped. We explore the impact of hostile takeover threats on corporate social engagement by utilizing a measure of takeover vulnerability. This allows for a detailed examination of how exposure to takeover threats influences firms' engagement in social engagement initiatives. Our analysis reveals a positive and causal relation between the degree of takeover threats and the level of social commitments in firms, suggesting that the presence of hostile takeover threats enhances corporate social responsibility as a means of external governance and reduces agency costs. The findings support the hypothesis that the threat of hostile takeovers prompts firms to invest more in social commitments, potentially as a strategic defense mechanism.
Tailoring the Use of 8‐Hydroxyquinolines for the Facile Separation of Iron, Dysprosium and Neodymium
Authors: Melegari Matteo , Neri Martina , Falco Alex , Tegoni Matteo , Maffini Monica , Fornari Fabio , Mucchino Claudio , Artizzu Flavia , Serpe Angela , Marchiò Luciano 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPermanent magnets (PMs) containing rare earth elements (REEs) can generate energy in a sustainable manner. With an anticipated tenfold increase in REEs demand by 2050, one of the crucial strategies to meet the demand is developing of efficient recycling methods. NdFeB PMs are the most widely employed, however, the similar chemical properties of Nd (20–30 % wt.) and Dy (0–10 % wt.) make their recycling challenging, but possible using appropriate ligands. In this work, we investigated commercially available 8‐hydroxyquinolines (HQs) as potential Fe/Nd/Dy complexing agents enabling metal separation by selective precipitation playing on specific structure/property (solubility) relationship. Specifically, test ethanolic solutions of nitrate salts, prepared to mimic the main components of a PM leachate, were treated with functionalized HQs. We demonstrated that Fe3+ can be separated as insoluble [Fe(QCl,I)3] from soluble [REE(QCl,I)4]− complexes (QCl,I−: 5‐Cl‐7‐I‐8‐hydoxyquinolinate). Following that, QCl− (5‐Cl‐8‐hydroxyquinolinate) formed insoluble [Nd3(QCl)9] and soluble (Bu4N)[Dy(QCl)4]. The process ultimately gave a solution phase containing Dy with only traces of Nd. In a preliminary attempt to assess the potentiality of a low environmental impact process, REEs were recovered as oxalates, while the ligands as well as Bu4N+ ions, were regenerated and internally reused, thus contributing to the sustainability of a possible metal recovery process.
Gas‐Phase Photocatalytic Coprocessing of CO2 – H2O(v) to Energy Products Promoted by the n,n‐Junction In2O3@g‐C3N4 under VIS‐Light
Authors: Baran Tomasz , Aresta Michele , Comparelli Roberto , Dibenedetto Angela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide capture and utilization is a strategic technology for moving away from fossil‐C. The conversion of CO2 into fuels demands energy and hydrogen that cannot be sourced from fossil‐C. Co‐processing of CO2 and water under solar irradiation will have a key role in the long‐term for carbon‐recycling and energy products production. This article discusses the synthesis, characterization and application of the two‐phase composite photocatalyst, In2O3@g‐C3N4, formed by thermal condensation of melamine in the presence of indium(III)nitrate. The composite exhibits a n,n‐heterojunction between two n‐type semiconductors, g‐C3N4 and In2O3, leading to a more efficient charge separation. The composite has a flat band potential enabling it to effectively catalyze the reduction of CO2 in the gas phase to produce CO, CH4 and CH3OH. While the composite‘s overall photocatalytic efficiency is comparable to that of neat g‐C3N4, its ability to promote multielectron‐transfer and Proton Coupled to Electron Transfer (PCET) suggests that there is a potential for further optimization of its properties. The use of labelled 13CO2 has allowed us to clearly exclude that the reduced species are derived from the photocatalyst decomposition or the degradation of contaminants.
Revisiting Bacille Calmette‐Guérin revaccination strategies: timing of immunization, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non‐tuberculous mycobacteria infections, strain potency and standardization of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gong Wenping , Du Jingli , Aspatwar Ashok , Zhuang Li , Zhao Yanlin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe persistent threat of tuberculosis (TB) on a global scale hasprompted a reevaluation of preventive strategies, with a particular focus onthe Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccine's role in revaccination. Theresurgence underscores an urgent need for enhanced measures, prompting acritical examination of BCG revaccination strategies. Drawing from the researchof Paulo Cesar Pereira dos Santos and a synthesis of randomized controlledtrials (RCTs), this review identifies key considerations for refining BCGrevaccination's efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) andTB. The main body of this review integrates four principal domains essentialfor optimizing BCG revaccination: the timing of revaccination, the assessmentof various BCG strains, the evaluation of the vaccine's effectiveness on MTBand non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains, and the enhancement of RCTmethodologies. Determining the optimal revaccination timing is paramount forbolstering immunity, especially in regions with high TB prevalence. Theanalysis of different BCG strains provides insights into strain‐specificimmunogenicity, informing vaccine deployment strategies. Additionally,understanding the vaccine's impact on a range of mycobacterial infections iscrucial for its broader application in various microbial contexts. The reviewemphasizes the refinement of RCT designs to ensure robust and consistentoutcomes, facilitating the reproducibility of results in diverse settings. Itproposes a strategy that not only suggests modifications to revaccinationpractices to increase global TB prevention effectiveness but also calls forcontinuous research to improve BCG revaccination methodologies. The paperadvocates for a standardized, evidence‐driven approach to global TB preventionthat takes into account regional epidemiological differences. In conclusion,this review significantly contributes to the discourse on TB prevention,advocating for evidence‐based, standardized approaches that could potentiallytransform the role of BCG revaccination in global TB prevention efforts. Thefindings support current initiatives aimed at developing policies based onsolid evidence, ensuring the scientific integrity and practical relevance ofBCG revaccination strategies.
Development of Fused Recurrent Neural Network‐Gated Recurrent Unit with Improved Sandpiper Optimization‐based Intelligent Node Localization Framework in WSN
Authors: Raghuvanshi Akash , Kumar Awadhesh , Chandra Nilesh 
Published: May 2024

SummaryEmploying mobile nodes or Sensor Nodes (SN) in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a critical task within the coverage area. However, these techniques produce huge errors in the evaluated distance between source nodes and unknown nodes, which increases the average NL error of the unknown node. The usage of a Global Positioning System (GPS) for all the SNs needs high cost for implementation in large‐scale WSNs. The designing of NL in WSN with less energy requirements and less cost is very significant. Enhanced NL is performed with deep learning techniques together with the heuristic strategy for performance enhancement. The developed localization model is mainly utilized for providing fast, scalable, and easily implementable results over heterogeneous and homogeneous networks. Moreover, it is applicable for sparse and dense deployment of nodes. Here, a hybridized deep structured approach is employed by integrating the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) for calculating the distance among the source nodes to facilitate determining the optimal location for the unidentified node by analyzing the node information present in the received packets. Here, the optimization of constraints executed in the deep learning techniques with the Modified Exploration‐based Sandpiper Optimization Algorithm (ME‐SOA), and also it is utilized to find the optimal location of unknown nodes based on computed distance from the received packets that minimize the average localization error. The experimental results are validated and show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with a reduced error rate than other algorithms.
Cryptic diversity within two widespread diadromous freshwater fishes (Teleostei: Galaxiidae)
Authors: Jense Charlotte , Adams Mark , Raadik Tarmo A. , Waters Jonathan M. , Morgan David L. , Barmuta Leon A. , Hardie Scott A. , Deagle Bruce E. , Burridge Christopher P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIdentification of taxonomically cryptic species is essential for the effective conservation of biodiversity. Freshwater‐limited organisms tend to be genetically isolated by drainage boundaries, and thus may be expected to show substantial cryptic phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity. By comparison, populations of diadromous taxa, that migrate between freshwater and marine environments, are expected to show less genetic differentiation. Here we test for cryptic diversity in Australasian populations (both diadromous and non‐diadromous) of two widespread Southern Hemisphere fish species, Galaxias brevipinnis and Galaxias maculatus. Both mtDNA and nuclear markers reveal putative cryptic species within these taxa. The substantial diversity detected within G. brevipinnis may be explained by its strong climbing ability which allows it to form isolated inland populations. In island populations, G. brevipinnis similarly show deeper genetic divergence than those of G. maculatus, which may be explained by the greater abundance of G. maculatus larvae in the sea allowing more ongoing dispersal. Our study highlights that even widespread, ‘high‐dispersal’ species can harbour substantial cryptic diversity and therefore warrant increased taxonomic and conservation attention.
callsync: An R package for alignment and analysis of multi‐microphone animal recordings
Authors: Smeele Simeon Q. , Tyndel Stephen A. , Klump Barbara C. , Alarcón‐Nieto Gustavo , Aplin Lucy M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo better understand how vocalisations are used during interactions of multiple individuals, studies are increasingly deploying on‐board devices with a microphone on each animal. The resulting recordings are extremely challenging to analyse, since microphone clocks drift non‐linearly and record the vocalisations of non‐focal individuals as well as noise. Here we address this issue with callsync, an R package designed to align recordings, detect and assign vocalisations to the caller, trace the fundamental frequency, filter out noise and perform basic analysis on the resulting clips. We present a case study where the pipeline is used on a dataset of six captive cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) wearing backpack microphones. Recordings initially had a drift of ~2 min, but were aligned to within ~2 s with our package. Using callsync, we detected and assigned 2101 calls across three multi‐hour recording sessions. Two had loud beep markers in the background designed to help the manual alignment process. One contained no obvious markers, in order to demonstrate that markers were not necessary to obtain optimal alignment. We then used a function that traces the fundamental frequency and applied spectrographic cross correlation to show a possible analytical pipeline where vocal similarity is visually assessed. The callsync package can be used to go from raw recordings to a clean dataset of features. The package is designed to be modular and allows users to replace functions as they wish. We also discuss the challenges that might be faced in each step and how the available literature can provide alternatives for each step.
Exotic plantations differ in “nursing” an understory invader: A probe into invasional meltdown
Authors: Wang Tong , Li Haifang , Yang Xue , Zhang Zeyu , Liu Shengwen , Yang Jinming , Lu Huicui , Li Shimei , Li Mingyan , Guo Xiao , Li Yuwu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractForest plantations most likely promote exotic plant invasion. Using an in situ monitoring method, this study investigated the traits correlated with growth and reproduction of an understory invader, Phytolacca americana L., and ecological factors including understory irradiance, soil stoichiometry and microbial patterns associated with these traits in different exotic plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Pinus thunbergii Parl. at Mount Lao, Qingdao, China. We found that the traits of P. americana underneath the R. pseudoacacia stand might be situated at the fast side of the trait economic spectrum. The R. pseudoacacia stand appeared to “nurse” P. americana. Furthermore, we intended to explain the nurse effects of R. pseudoacacia stands by examining their ecological factors. First, the R. pseudoacacia stand created understory light attenuation, which matched the sciophilous feature of P. americana. Second, the soil beneath the R. pseudoacacia stand might benefit P. americana more since the soil has greater resource availability. Third, a higher microbial diversity was found in the soil derived from P. americana underneath the R. pseudoacacia stand. A greater abundance of plant pathogens was detected in the soil derived from P. americana in the R. pseudoacacia stand, while more abundant mycorrhizal fungi were detected in the P. thunbergii stand. We speculate that plant pathogens can defend P. americana from aggression from other understory competitors. The mycorrhizal fungi in the P. thunbergii stand might benefit P. americana while simultaneously benefiting other understory plants. Intensive competition from other plants might interfere with P. americana. The potential relationships between plant performance and ecological factors may explain the invasion mechanism of P. americana. The present study provides a novel insight on the facilitative effects of exotic tree plantation on an exotic herb through the modification of soil biota, with implications for the biocontrol of invasive species and forest management and conservation.
Sex‐specific effects of dietary restriction on physiological variables in Japanese quails
Authors: Reda Gebrehaweria K. , Ndunguru Sawadi F. , Csernus Brigitta , Lugata James K. , Knop Renáta , Szabó Csaba , Czeglédi Levente , Lendvai Ádám Z. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNutritional limitation is a common phenomenon in nature that leads to trade‐offs among processes competing for limited resources. These trade‐offs are mediated by changes in physiological traits such as growth factors and circulating lipids. However, studies addressing the sex‐specific effect of nutritional deficiency on these physiological variables are limited in birds. We used dietary restriction to mimic the depletion of resources to various degrees and investigated sex‐specific effects on circulating levels of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and triglycerides in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) subjected to ad libitum, 20%, 30% or 40% restriction of their daily requirement, for 2 weeks. We also explored the association of both physiological variables with body mass and egg production. While dietary restriction showed no effects on circulating IGF‐1, this hormone exhibited a marked sexual difference, with females having 64.7% higher IGF‐1 levels than males. Dietary restriction significantly reduced plasma triglyceride levels in both sexes. Females showed more than six‐fold higher triglyceride levels than males. Triglyceride levels were positively associated with body mass in females while showed not association in males. Overall, our findings revealed sex‐specific expression of physiological variables under dietary restriction conditions, which coincide with body size.
Plant species phenology differs between climate and land‐use scenarios and relates to plant functional traits
Authors: Plos Carolin , Hensen Isabell , Korell Lotte , Auge Harald , Römermann Christine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhenological shifts due to changing climate are often highly species and context specific. Land‐use practices such as mowing or grazing directly affect the phenology of grassland species, but it is unclear if plants are similarly affected by climate change in differently managed grassland systems such as meadows and pastures. Functional traits have a high potential to explain phenological shifts and might help to understand species‐specific and land‐use‐specific phenological responses to changes in climate. In the large‐scale field experiment Global Change Experimental Facility (GCEF), we monitored the first flowering day, last flowering day, flowering duration, and day of peak flowering, of 17 herbaceous grassland species under ambient and future climate conditions, comparing meadows and pastures. Both climate and land use impacted the flowering phenology of plant species in species‐specific ways. We did not find evidence for interacting effects of climate and land‐use type on plant phenology. However, the data indicate that microclimatic and microsite conditions on meadows and pastures were differently affected by future climate, making differential effects on meadows and pastures likely. Functional traits, including the phenological niche and grassland utilization indicator values, explained species‐specific phenological climate responses. Late flowering species and species with a low mowing tolerance advanced their flowering more strongly under future climate. Long flowering species and species following an acquisitive strategy (high specific leaf area, high mowing tolerance, and high forage value) advanced their flowering end more strongly and thus more strongly shortened their flowering under future climate. We associated these trait–response relationships primarily with a phenological drought escape during summer. Our results provide novel insights on how climate and land use impact the flowering phenology of grassland species and we highlight the role of functional traits in mediating phenological responses to climate.