bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Malthus in, Malthus out? »
Authors: Julien Pierre-André , Freeman Christopher 
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we analyse the world model which represents the most ambitious attempt yet to bring together six great forecasts comprising population, resource depletion, food supply, capital investment, pollution and space. We wish to show on the one hand that the model has serious limitations and, on the other, that many different conclusions can be arrived at with this kind of study.
Firstly we attempt to demonstrate that the model structure is too rigid, containing too many constants; secondly we question the value of certain time series data; thirdly the two principal assumptions are discussed: the constant exponential trends of population and capital investment and the too long delays in the feedback processes that control the physical growth of the world system.
For example Dennis Meadow et al. believe that all technological innovations will increase crowding and pollution. In concentrating on physical limits, they neglect changes in values which can change many trends or rate of trends.
This is why we are saying "Malthus in, Malthus out". The model is the message and a great part of the results depends entirely on the quality of data, the rigidity of the model and on the limits of the assumptions.
Introduction et synthèse
Authors: Achour Dominique 
Published: July 2012

The introduction can be considered as a framework for and as a series of critical comments on some of the texts. Viewing Industry, Tourism and Finance as part of the same economic problem, the author brings new elements into the discussion stressing classic weaknesses in the structure of Montreal's economy and emphasizes the fact that his inherent frailty should not be blurred by the satisfactory 1973 conjunctival situation. Two broad policy choices are presented in the form of alternative scenarios: the first is an extrapolation and the other of completely altered industrial policies. The choice of the latter is described as being the only realistic alternative.
In the field of tourism, the obvious contradiction between government policies and the facts of the situation stemming from the analysis of tourist behavior is discussed. Concrete proposals are spelled out so as to enhance the regional potential for tourism.
The financial sector is evaluated on the efficiency of its performance in mobilizing funds for general investment purposes and also, more specifically, for capital ventures type of financing. Finally, the future of Montreal as a prime financial center is assessed with respect to the national banking structure.
La nature du déclin économique de la région de Montréal
Authors: Chung Joseph H. 
Published: July 2012

There are definitely signs of economic difficulties in the Montreal area. The growth of population, the rate of unemployment, the productivity of its manufacturing industries, the exodus of head offices of major financial institutions and corporations and several other key indicators of economic growth suggest that the Montreal area has been going through a profound economic malaise. The basic question one might raise is whether such economic difficulties reflect a secular stagnation or merely a cyclical recession. This paper is addressed to this question.
This paper's thesis is that economic difficulties and the loss of economic supremacy of Montreal are not a matter of cyclical recession and that they are the consequences of a secular stagnation which began as early as 1970's. Started originally by fur and wheat trade and, later, by the trade of iron ore and other minerals, stimulated by railroad and telecommunications, Montreal largely dominated Toronto until 1920's. However, during the decades that followed, while Toronto was taking advantage of the westward shift of economic frontiers in the United States and was rapidly adopting its economy to changing economic conditions, Montreal was unable to readjust its industrial structure to new market and technological requirements. As a result, Montreal has been loosing its traditional market in the West as well as in the Atlantic provinces and the economic gap between Toronto and Montreal in favor of the former has been widening ever since. This is illustrated well by the evolution of the value of building permits.
In short, recent economic difficulties in the Montreal area reflect a secular stagnation of its economy and are not the result of a cyclical recession. In light of these considerations, it is clear that needed remedies require something much more then policies applied so far by the government.
Swiss Operations Research Society (Schweizerische Vereinigung
F
ür Operations Research/Association Suisse Pour La Recherche Operationelle/Associazione Svizzera Di Ricerca Operativa)
Authors: Kohlas Jürg , de Werra Dominique , Gambardella Luca Maria 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The main objectives of the Swiss Operations Research Society, SVOR/ASRO (Schweizerische Vereinigung Für Operations Research/Association Suisse Pour La Recherche Operationelle/Associazione Svizzera Di Ricerca Operativa) are to promote operational research (OR) in Switzerland, to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of OR, and to represent the interests of the Swiss OR community in all relevant organizations.
Portuguese Operational Research Society—Apdio
Authors: Cardoso Domingos M. , Oliveira Pedro 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This article describes the mission of the Portuguese OR Society (Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional—APDIO) and how it is organized. Its main activities are described as well as its relation with the Portuguese academic and industrial communities. It also includes a picture of the international scientific relations promoted by the APDIO, some highlights from the long list of national and international conferences organized or supported by the APDIO, and the main publications along with the names of the editors. Wherever appropriate, a few historical facts are presented, namely, the list of presidents of the APDIO since its foundation until 2011. We finish with the future challenges of the Portuguese OR Society.
High Purity Ultrafine‐Grained Nickel Processed by Dynamic Plastic Deformation: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Farbaniec Lukasz , Abdul‐Latif Akrum , Gubicza Jenõ , Dirras Guy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBulk ultrafine‐grained samples are processed by dynamic plastic deformation at an average strain rate of 3.3 × 102 s−1 from bulk coarse‐grained nickel with purity higher than 98.4 wt.%. The obtained microstructure is investigated by electron backscattering diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray line profile analysis. After dynamic deformation the microstructure evolves into submicron‐size lamellar and subgrain structures. Evaluation of average grain size shows a heterogeneous microstructure along both the diameter and the thickness of the sample. X‐ray line profile analysis reveals high dislocation density of about 13 ± 2 × 1014 m−2 in the impacted material. The mechanical properties are investigated by means of uniaxial quasi‐static compression tests conducted at room temperature. The stress–strain behavior of the impacted Ni depends on the location in the impacted disk and on the orientation of the compression axis relative to the impact direction.
Processing Routes Toward Textured Polycrystals in Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Gaitzsch Uwe , Chulist Robert , Weisheit Linda , Böhm Andrea , Skrotzki Werner , Oertel Carl‐Georg , Brokmeier Heinz‐Günter , Lippmann Thomas , Navarro Iñaki , Pötschke Martin , Romberg Jan , Hürrich Claudia , Roth Stefan , Schultz Ludwig 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNi–Mn–Ga single crystals can produce large strain in moderate magnetic fields. It is the scope of this article to demonstrate, that also polycrystalline materials can show strain in a magnetic field, so called MFIS (magnetic field‐induced strain). In order to design functional polycrystalline materials the interactions of twin boundaries and grain boundaries have to be understood. Therefore, different ways of introducing a texture into Ni–Mn–Ga polycrystals are presented. The different kinds of texture and the consequences for the corresponding materials are discussed. Moreover, thermal, magnetic, and/or mechanical training concepts are presented and their working principle is explained. Several possibilities of evaluating the MFIS capability of the resulting samples are displayed. Finally methods of increasing the strain further are discussed.
Excitation Dynamics in Low Band Gap Donor–Acceptor Copolymers and Blends
Authors: Gieseking Björn , Jäck Berthold , Preis Eduard , Jung Stefan , Forster Michael , Scherf Ullrich , Deibel Carsten , Dyakonov Vladimir 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDonor–acceptor (D–A) type copolymers show great potential for the application in the active layer of organic solar cells. Nevertheless the nature of the excited states, the coupling mechanism and the relaxation pathways following photoexcitation are yet to be clarified. We carried out comparative measurements of the steady state absorption and photoluminescence (PL) on the copolymer poly[N‐(1‐octylnonyl)‐2,7‐carbazole]‐alt‐5,5‐[4′,7′‐di(thien‐2‐yl)‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole] (PCDTBT), its building blocks as well as on the newly synthesized N‐(1‐octylnonyl)‐2,7‐bis‐[(5‐phenyl)thien‐2‐yl)carbazole (BPT‐carbazole). The high‐energy absorption band (HEB) of PCDTBT was identified with absorption of carbazoles with adjacent thiophene rings while the low‐energy band (LEB) originates instead from the charge transfer (CT) state delocalized over the aforementioned unit with adjacent benzothiadiazole group. Photoexcitation of the HEB is followed by internal relaxation prior the radiative decay to the ground state. Adding PC70BM results in the efficient PL quenching within the first 50 ps after excitation. From the PL excitation experiments no evidence for a direct electron transfer from the HEB of PCDTBT towards the fullerene acceptor was found, therefore the internal relaxation mechanisms within PCDTBT can be assumed to precede. Our findings indicate that effective coupling between copolymer building blocks governs the photovoltaic performance of the blends.
Synthesis of butyl 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) acetate in biphasic system using low concentration of potassium hydroxide—kinetic aspects
Authors: Vivekanand P. A. , Wang Maw‐Ling , Yu Ming‐Chan 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present an experimental protocol for following the kinetics of phase‐transfer catalyzed synthesis of butyl 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) acetate from the esterification of 4‐methoxyphenylacetic acid with the presence of potassium hydroxide as a base and potassium carbonate by gas chromatography. Hydrolysis of the ester product was curtailed by using low concentration of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate (inorganic salt) during esterification. The reaction is greatly enhanced by adding a small quantity of phase‐transfer catalyst (kapp = 4.75 × 10−3 min−1). Rate of esterification was investigated at various experimental parameters, namely. stirring speed, amount of catalyst, different solvents, different volumes of water, different inorganic salts, different phase transfer catalysts and temperature. When the degree of agitation exceeded 20.93 rad.s−1, the mass transfer resistance for the reaction can be ignored. As the catalyst amount was increased (from 0.5 to 1.2 g), the rate constant values also increased (from 2.32 × 10−3 min−1 to 6.13 × 10−3 min−1). A kinetic model was proposed for the esterification, and the experimental data were well described by the pseudo‐first‐order equation. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in shorebird behaviour and distribution associated with an intertidal crab fishery
Authors: Sheehan E.V. , Attrill M. J. , Thompson R. C. , Coleman R. A. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Harvesting green crabs Carcinus maenas for bait is a popular fishery in south‐west UK estuaries that are important habitats for shorebirds. The fishery involves laying roof tiles or PVC guttering into sediments; crabs seeking refuge bury beneath the tiles and are collected by fishers during low tide.
By observing foraging birds in tiled and non‐tiled sites the general model that this fishery modified shorebird diversity, distribution, and behaviour was tested. No evidence was found for a relationship between shorebird species richness, abundance or assemblage composition and the presence of tiles.
To measure distributional and behavioural changes of shorebirds to crab‐tiles, the focus was on two shorebird species: curlew Numenius arquata and redshank Tringa totanus. The crab‐tiles affected the shorebird distribution and feeding patterns but this was dependent on species, time, and scale of observation.
Redshank spent more time next to tiles than away and dedicated similar feeding effort between treatments. Curlew did not spend proportionally more time next to tiles but did spend more time feeding when they were next to tiles than away from tiles.
Curlew and redshank spent proportionally more time probing than pecking when they were next to crab‐tiles, but overall spent similar times exhibiting the two feeding behaviours compared with conspecifics in a non‐tiled site, although this was dependent on time.
It is suggested that crab‐tiles may influence the spatial distribution of potential prey, thereby aggregating the birds and relieving predation pressure elsewhere. As both species (curlew and redshank) were observed ‘standing not feeding’, i.e. resting or preening, when next to tiles we also suggest that the structure created by the tiles provides some shelter to reduce negative effects of wind on thermoregulation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circadian clocks in changing weather and seasons: Lessons from the picoalga Ostreococcus tauri
Authors: Pfeuty Benjamin , Thommen Quentin , Corellou Florence , Djouani‐Tahri El Batoul , Bouget Francois‐Yves , Lefranc Marc 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDaylight is the primary cue used by circadian clocks to entrain to the day/night cycle so as to synchronize physiological processes with periodic environmental changes induced by Earth rotation.However, the temporal daylight pattern is not the same every day due to erratic weather fluctuations or regular seasonal changes. Then, how do circadian clocks operate properly in varying weather and seasons? In this paper, we discuss the strategy unveiled by recent studies of the circadian clock of Ostreococcus tauri, the smallest free‐living eukaryotic organism. It combines mechanisms controlling light inputs and clock sensitivity, shaping both the dynamics of the core circadian oscillator and its forcing by light so as to ensure stable and precise synchronization in all weather and seasons.Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays: Another place, another timer: Marine species and the rhythms of life Abstract
Stratification substantially reduces behavioral variability in the hypoxic–ischemic stroke model
Authors: Pollak Julia , Doyle Kristian P. , Mamer Lauren , Shamloo Mehrdad , Buckwalter Marion S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractStroke is the most common cause of long‐term disability, and there are no known drug therapies to improve recovery after stroke. To understand how successful recovery occurs, dissect candidate molecular pathways, and test new therapies, there is a need for multiple distinct mouse stroke models, in which the parameters of recovery after stroke are well defined. Hypoxic–ischemic stroke is a well‐established stroke model, but behavioral recovery in this model is not well described. We therefore examined a panel of behavioral tests to see whether they could be used to quantify functional recovery after hypoxic–ischemic stroke. We found that in C57BL/6J mice this stroke model produces high mortality (approximately one‐third) and variable stroke sizes, but is fast and easy to perform on a large number of mice. Horizontal ladder test performance on day 1 after stroke was highly and reproducibly correlated with stroke size (P < 0.0001, R

2
= 0.7652), and allowed for functional stratification of mice into a group with >18% foot faults and 2.1‐fold larger strokes. This group exhibited significant functional deficits for as long as 3 weeks on the horizontal ladder test and through the last day of testing on automated gait analysis (33 days), rotarod (30 days), and elevated body swing test (EBST) (36 days). No deficits were observed in an automated activity chamber. We conclude that stratification by horizontal ladder test performance on day 1 identifies a subset of mice in which functional recovery from hypoxic–ischemic stroke can be studied.
ERBB3 (HER3) is a key sensor in the regulation of ERBB‐mediated signaling in both low and high ERBB2 (HER2) expressing cancer cells
Authors: Choi Byung‐Kwon , Fan Xuejun , Deng Hui , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAberrant expression and activation of EGFR and ERBB2 (HER2) have been successfully targeted for cancer therapeutics. Recent evidence from both basic and clinical studies suggests that ERBB3 (HER3) serves as a key activator of downstream signaling through dimerization with other ERBB proteins and plays a critical role in the widespread clinical resistance to EGFR and HER2 targeting cancer therapies. As a result, HER3 is actively pursued as an antibody therapeutic target for cancer. Ligand binding is thought to be a prerequisite for dimerization of HER3 with other ERBB proteins, which results in phosphorylation of its c‐terminal tyrosine residues and activation of downstream AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In this study, we report that an anti‐HER2 monoclonal antibody (HER2Mab), which blocks HER2 dimerization with HER3, induces HER3 dimerization with EGFR in both low and high HER2 expressing cancer cells. Treatment of the low HER2 expressing MCF7 cancer cells with HER2Mab promoted cell proliferation and migration in the absence of HER3 ligand stimulation. Follow‐up studies revealed that HER2Mab‐induced HER3 signaling via EGFR/HER3 dimerization and activation of downstream AKT signaling pathways. These results suggest that equilibrium of dimerization among the ERBB proteins can be perturbed by HER2Mab and HER3 plays a key role in sensing the perturbation.
CIP2A protein expression in high‐grade, high‐stage bladder cancer
Authors: Huang Lisa P. , Savoly Diana , Sidi Abraham A. , Adelson Martin E. , Mordechai Eli , Trama Jason P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States. Numerous markers have been evaluated for suitability of bladder cancer detection and surveillance. However, few of them are acceptable as a routine tool. Therefore, there exists a continuing need for an assay that detects the presence of bladder cancer in humans. It would be advantageous to develop an assay with a protein that is associated with the development of bladder cancer. We have identified the cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) protein as a novel bladder cancer biomarker. In this study, Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression level of CIP2A protein in bladder cancer cell lines and bladder cancer patient tissues (n = 43). Our studies indicated CIP2A protein was abundantly expressed in bladder cancer cell lines but not in nontumor epithelial cell lines. Furthermore, CIP2A was specifically expressed in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder tumor tissues but not in adjacent nontumor bladder tissue. Our data showed that CIP2A protein detection in high‐grade TCC tissues had a sensitivity of 65%, which is 3.4‐fold higher than that seen in low‐grade TCC tissues (19%). The level of CIP2A protein expression increased with the stage of disease (12%, 27%, 67%, and 100% for pTa, pT1, pT2, and pT3 tumor, respectively). In conclusion, our studies suggest that CIP2A protein is specifically expressed in human bladder tumors. CIP2A is preferentially expressed in high‐grade and high‐stage TCC tumors, which are high‐risk and invasive tumors. Our studies reported here support the role of CIP2A in bladder cancer progression and its usefulness for the surveillance of recurrence or progression of human bladder cancer.
Molecular alterations in endometrial archived liquid‐based cytology
Authors: Di Lorito Alessia , Rosini Sandra , Falò Eleonora , Gustapane Sarah , Gomes Madalena , Costa José Luis , Schmitt Fernando Carlos 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEndometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancy worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. The introduction of liquid‐based cytology (LBC) and endoflower dispositive in routine practice gives the possibility to examine endometrial cells by cytological diagnosis and may also release the opportunity to study molecular alterations, in endometrioid type cancer in which carcinogenesis is well known. We gathered 72 cases of endometrial LBC samples and corresponding formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) blocks, collected from 2004 to 2010. DNA was isolated from both samples using standard protocols. DNA quality and quantity were assessed using Nanodrop and BIOMED2 multiplex PCR. Mutations in exon 5 of PTEN and exon 20 of PI3K were studied using Sanger sequencing. DNA with good quality and amount was isolated from 67/72 FFPE cases. In these samples, two cases were found to harbor mutations in exon 5 of PTEN. No PI3K mutations were identified. LBC samples were then assessed to verify the concordance with the FFPE DNA results. The results obtained were concordant, that is the wild type cases in FFPE were also wild type in LBC and vice versa for the mutated case. Unfortunately, the second case of mutation in PTEN could not be confirmed in LBC due to low amount of DNA obtained. Detection of molecular alterations in LBC will open a new era for the detection in asymptomatic women of precursor lesions that could evolve into cancer and for endometrial cancer diagnosis and screening in selected high‐risk women. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A brief chronicle of cytology: From Janssen to Papanicolaou and beyond
Authors: Diamantis Aristides , Beloukas Apostolos I. , Kalogeraki Alexandra M. , Magiorkinis Emmanouil 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe aim of our study was to outline and present the major hallmarks in the history of clinical cytology. For this purpose, an extensive research in modern literature and the PubMed database was undertaken. Furthermore, we studied original papers and books of the pioneers in cytopathology. The development of the first microscope by Hans and Sacharias Janssen is a hallmark in biological sciences, since the study of microcosmos was made feasible. From the discovery of single cells by Robert Hooke and the cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann till the establishment of exfoliative cytology by George Papanicolaou and the invention of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy technique by Martin and Ellis, there is a three‐century continuum of important discoveries and research. Today, flow cytometry and the introduction of molecular techniques have revolutionized medicine and are expected to change the face of cytology in the near future. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.