bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The standard symmetrized skew information and its applications
Authors: Ren Ruonan , Luo Yu , Li Yongming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose two new measures: one is symmetrized skew information and the other one is standard symmetrized skew information. Firstly, we prove their properties, such as non-negativity, convexity, invariance, additivity, monotonicity and strong monotonicity. Next, we conduct research on relationships between standard symmetrized skew information and several well-known measures in one-qubit state, aiming to compare their similarities and differences. In addition, standard symmetrized skew information is used to study quantum uncertainty. We also give the definition of standard symmetrized skew information of assistance, and provide it a straightforward operational explanation for better understanding. Finally, standard symmetrized skew information can be applied to detect entanglement.
Dental restorative materials and halitosis: a preliminary in-vitro study
Authors: Odabaş Tuğçe , Harorlı Osman Tolga 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite the widespread use of dental restorative materials, little information exists in the literature regarding their potential impact on bad breath. This in vitro study aims to fill this gap by investigating the influence of different restorative materials on the release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Thirteen diverse dental restorative materials, including composites, flowable composites, glass ionomer restorative materials, high-copper amalgam, and CAD–CAM blocks, were examined. Cellulose Sponge models were used as negative and positive control. All samples were prepared with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm. Except for the negative control group, all samples were embedded into Allium cepa L., and the emitted H2S was measured using the Wintact W8802 hydrogen sulfide monitor. Surface roughness’s effect on emission was explored by roughening the surfaces of CAD–CAM material samples, and gas emission was measured again. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and DSCF pairwise comparison tests. Fiber-reinforced flowable composite (EverX Flow), amalgam (Nova 70-caps), and certain composite materials (IPS Empress Direct, Tetric Evoceram, Admira Fusion X-tra) released higher H2S concentrations compared to the negative control. The H2S release period lasted longer in the same materials mentioned above, along with G-aenial Universal Injectable. Indirectly used materials, such as GC Cerasmart, Vita Enamic, and Vita YZ HT, demonstrated significantly lower emissions compared to other direct restoratives. Importantly, the surface roughness of indirect materials did not significantly affect peak H2S concentrations or release times. The study reveals variations in H2S release among restorative materials, suggesting potential advantages of indirect restorative materials in reducing H2S-induced halitosis. This comprehensive understanding of the relationship between restorative materials and halitosis can empower both dental professionals and patients to make well-informed treatment choices. Notably, there is evidence supporting the enhanced performance of indirect restorative materials for individuals affected by halitosis.
Technology foresight: Capturing the benefits from nuclear science technology and innovation in Malaysian Nuclear Agency
Authors: Suzana Mohd Chachuli Fairuz , Aziz Azlinda , Mohamad Idris Faridah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nuclear technology has started in Malaysia since the establishment of the Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia) in 1972. The agency was established to promote the peaceful application of nuclear science and technology for national development. Nuclear science and technology for peaceful purposes have effectively advanced in various sectors, including industry, healthcare, food and agriculture, natural resources, energy, and nuclear safety and security through research, development, commercialization and innovation (RDCI). Scientific advancements through RDI activities will have a substantial impact on the advancement of nuclear technology. New demands placed on the public R&D infrastructure are also influencing government research priorities. Many governments believe that establishing a definite longer-term science and technology policy is essential in a time of escalating economic competitiveness. Therefore, to focus resources and achieve the greatest economic and social benefits, the most promising research fields and new technologies should be determined. Technology foresight can be used as a method to evaluate the revolutionary influence of new emerging technologies on the economy and society over the coming years, given the sustainability of RDI in nuclear technology in Malaysian Nuclear Agency. Identifying the fields of strategic research and emerging technologies with the involvement of scientists, industrialists, government officials, and others will provide the greatest economic and social advantages is the goal of technology foresight. This study proposes a conceptual model framework of the technological foresight exercise and implementation stages to be implemented in Malaysian Nuclear Agency. Through a foresight exercise, the Malaysian Nuclear Agency could close the gap between the adoption and use of nuclear technology in social and economic sectors by working with relevant industries, communities, and government agencies to match products, technologies, and services.
Natural weathering effects on the surface morphological and physicochemical properties of radiation curable coatings in tropical climate
Authors: Tajau R , Alias MS , Harun MH , Mudri NH , Hilmi FF , Faisal SM , Ismail RC , Sani AM , Hak CRC , Paulus WS , Jong BC , Liew PWY 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to discover the effects of natural weathering on palm oil-based and petrochemical-based film coatings. The film coatings were prepared using the radiation curing approach via cross-linking. Three palm oil-based resins with TiO2 nanoparticle loading were developed: EPOLA, EPOLA-OPV, and POBUA. The petrochemical-based coatings were also developed to compare the performance of natural and synthetic coatings. The coatings were exposed to natural weathering for up to 60 days at varied angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°. The effect of natural weathering conditions on the surface morphological, physiochemical, and also flexural characteristics of coatings, as well as the discoloration visual inspection and the growth of mould or fungus on the tested specimen, was studied. The results showed that natural weathering exposure induced severe discoloration and deterioration of the polymer network structure of the coatings due to photo-oxidation reaction and the presence of fungi. Overall, palm oil-based coatings deteriorate slower than petroleum-based coatings, especially at a 90° angle. This study indicated that bioresources-based palm oil has a significant potential for interior wood varnish applications due to its superior qualities over synthetic-based coatings.
Subsurface utility detection using ground penetrating radar and electromagnetic locator – a comparative study
Authors: Hazreq bin Haron Amer , Sarah binti Tengku Amran Tengku , Ridzuan Bin Ahmad Mohamad , Azreen Masenwat Noor , Sani Suhairy , Mustapha Ismail , Sayuti Shaharudin , Binti Abdul Razak Noryana , Ahmad Khusaini Bin Adnan Mior , Ali bin Mohd Yusoff Muhamad , Aliff Daniel bin Mohsin Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The process of finding and mapping underground utilities is crucial for managing underground infrastructure effectively, especially to avoid damaging them during construction and digging. This research studies two main methods used for this purpose: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electromagnetic Locator (EML). GPR works by using electromagnetic waves to detect and assess things underground, giving an idea of how deep they are. On the other hand, EM L help to find metal utilities by using electromagnetic fields. This shows how important it is to have accurate maps of these utilities. Having precise maps is like having a solid foundation for planning and maintaining infrastructure. It also points out that when combine information from GPR and EML and analyse the results together, it can make the findings even more accurate. In a nutshell, these methods are crucial for keeping us safe, preventing delays in projects, and making sure to use resources wisely across different industries. In this research, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is used to determine the correlation in depth accuracy error which is 0.05821 which is calculated based on the depth measured by GPR and EML.
Polarization conversion and lateral shifts in multilayered structure with finitely-gapped topological surface states
Authors: Zeng Ran , Gao Taiji , Ni Pengfei , Fang Shichao , Li Haozhen , Yang Shuna , Zeng Xiaodong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The polarizatison conversion and the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts of the reflected electromagnetic wave for the multilayered structure made of topological insulator (TI) layers with finite surface energy gap are investigated. The transfer matrix formalism is adopted to analyze the reflection of electromagnetic wave through the multilayered structure, and the influences of surface energy gap, thickness and number of the TI layers are discussed. We find that maximum polarization conversion rate can be obtained with appropriate surface energy gap of TI, and within a certain range of finite energy gap, the polarization conversion effect is stronger than that for the case under the infinite surface energy gap limit. Greater polarization conversion rate for TI with small surface energy gap can be found than that for TI with larger energy gap in some range of layer numbers. At large incident angles the GH shifts vary considerably with the layer number for TI with relatively larger energy gap. Result of the combined influence of surface energy gap and layer number shows that, there exists both the positive and negative enhancement peaks of the GH shifts, and for smaller energy gap, fewer TI layers are required to obtain the transition between positive and negative GH shifts.
Evolution of 2D MoO3 layer structures on Pd(100): interplay of interfacial interactions and polarity
Authors: Surnev Svetlozar , Goniakowski Jacek , Mohammadi Malihe , Noguera Claudine , Netzer Falko P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We explore the structural evolution of two-dimensional (2D) MoO3 films beyond the monolayer (ML), which have been prepared by physical vapor deposition and post-oxidation onto a Pd(100) surface, and characterized by the tools of surface science and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. According to DFT, the most stable oxide layers are stoichiometric, and derive their energetic stability from the low cost of creating 2D freestanding layers from the orthorhombic bulk phase, good matching to Pd, and the particularly strong adhesion to the substrate. The observed 2D MoO3 layers are distinguished by well-ordered linear defects, such as domain boundaries in the ML, and misfit dislocations in the bilayer (BL). Applying reactive oxidation preparation conditions results in the formation of ordered arrays of nanostructures, nanowires and nanoclusters, in the MoO3 BL. The formation of such linear structures is accounted for in the DFT by models of missing row defects of various orientations and stoichiometries. Their relative stability is rationalized in terms of the number of broken Mo–O bonds, the polar character of the nanostructure edges and the interaction strength with the Pd substrate. Comparison with similar WO3 layers on Pd(100) is provided.
Nanoparticle stressor-induced single-photon sources in monolayer WS2 emitting into a narrowband visible spectral range
Authors: Surendran Jithin T , Waheed Yunus , Shit Sumitra , Prasad Indrajeet D , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kumar Santosh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A van der Waals heterostructure containing an atomically thin monolayer (ML) transition-metal dichalcogenide as a single-photon emitting layer is emerging as an intriguing solid-state quantum-photonic platform. Here, we report the utilization of spin-coating of silica nanoparticles for semi-deterministically creating the spectrally isolated, energetically stable, and narrow-linewidth single-photon emitters in ML-WS2. We also demonstrate that long-duration low-temperature annealing of the photonic heterostructure in the vacuum removes the energetically unstable emitters that are present due to fabrication-associated residue and lead to the emission of single-photons in a

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25 nm narrowband visible spectral range centered at ~620 nm. This work may pave the way toward realizing a hybrid-quantum-photonic platform containing a van der Waals heterostructure/device and an atomic-vapor system emitting/absorbing in the same visible spectral range.
Preparation, characterization and decomposition test on Tapanuli organoclay reinforced cellulose acetate/cellulose acetate butyrate blend composites
Authors: Juwono Ariadne L , Krisnandi Yuni K , Al Abrar Ghuzan , Saragi Indah R , Muiz Lisna J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The need for biodegradable composites has increased for many applications in recent years. Cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) are relatively easy and cheap to fabricate, as well as relatively easy to decompose compared to other polymers. These materials are transparent and lightweight with low tensile properties. In this current study, the effect of Tapanuli clay addition on tensile and decomposition properties of CA and CA–CAB systems were investigated. Tapanuli organoclay was prepared by a cation exchange treatment using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) surfactant to Na-bentonite. Prior to the treatment, the Tapanuli clay was subjected to purification from organic and carbonate compounds and to balance the cations by homogenizing them into Na+. The basal spacing of Tapanuli clay increased from 1.52 nm up to 1.98 nm. CA and CA −5 wt% CAB composites were then synthesized using a solvent casting method. It was found that the addition of both 5 wt% CAB and 7 wt% organoclay in CA decreased the tensile strength and reduced the mass loss by 70%. After 45 days of the decomposition test, it was indicated that the presence of 5 wt% CAB in CA reduced the mass loss of the system by about 50%. These findings were con-firmed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images which showed different patterns of as-synthesized and decomposed materials. In conclusion, the presence of 1 wt% Tapanuli organoclay slightly increased the decomposed mass of CA film and enhanced the tensile strength of CA-co-CAB.
Enhanced photosensitivity in a hybrid WSe2/2DEG heterojunction using a buried TiO2 photosensitive layer
Authors: Zhu Wentai , Zhang Xinyue , Liu YuanYuan , Sun Guangyao , Liu Guozhen , Gao Ju , Cai Zenghua , Jiang Yucheng , Zhao Run 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we integrated the wide-bandgap material TiO2 as a photosensitive layer with the WSe2/2DEG heterostructure, creating a hybrid WSe2/TiO2/2DEG heterojunction. This hybrid structure significantly improves the device’s photosensitivity, exhibiting a high rectification effect and a switching ratio of 103. The photodetector shows excellent performance, with a responsivity of 0.61 A W−1 and a detectivity of up to 1.1×1011 Jones at 405 nm, along with a very fast photoresponse speed. The buried TiO2 channel allows photogenerated electrons to easily flow through the reduced barrier at the depleted region. This hybrid heterojunction holds promise for the development of high-performance photoelectric devices.
Influence of inconel interlayer on microstructural, mechanical and electrochemical characteristics in single-pass ATIG welding of dissimilar austenitic and duplex stainless steel
Authors: Fande Ashish , Kavishwar Samrat , Tandon Vipin , Narayane Dheeraj C , Bandhu Din 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of Inconel 625 interlayer on dissimilar welded low nickel austenitic stainless steel (LNiASS) and super duplex stainless steel (S32760) using activated tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welding. Two weldments were prepared: with and without (autogenous) interlayer. Geometrical investigation of the weld cross sections revealed that interlayer-based welding significantly increased the depth of penetration and decreased weld width as compared to autogenous welding at the same welding current. The dual microstructure was observed in the weld zone (WZ) of autogenous weldment while fully austenitic structure with few intermetallics was observed in the WZ of interlayer-based weldment. Mechanical properties, particularly impact strength observed to be improved in the case of interlayer-based weldment (91 ± 2 J) compared to autogenous weldment (68 ± 2 J). Lower microhardness was noticed for the WZ of interlayer-based weldment (258 ± 3 HV0.2) than WZ of autogenous (279 ± 2 HV0.2) weldment due to the presence of higher content of Ni. However, UTS of interlayer-based weldment (654 MPa), falls short in comparison to the autogenous weldment (693 MPa), indicating a compromised joint efficiency of 5.96%. The corrosion resistance was observed to be higher for the WZ of interlayer-based weldment attributed to the higher content of Ni and Mo. The sensitization study revealed 47.33% degree of sensitization in the WZ of autogenous weldments due to dual microstructure, while interlayer-based weldments showed no sensitization.
Evaluating optimal quality assurance and quality control conditions of activation measurements at the accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy system employing a lithium target
Authors: Suzuki Shunsuke , Yagihashi Takayuki , Nitta Kazunori , Yamanaka Masashi , Sato Naoki , Gotoh Shinichi , Sugimoto Satoru , Shiba Shintaro , Nagata Hironori , Tanaka Hiroki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Evaluating neutron output is important to ensure proper dose delivery for patients in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). It requires efficient quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) while maintaining measurement accuracy. This study investigated the optimal measurement conditions for QA/QC of activation measurements using a high-purity germanium (HP-Ge) detector in an accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (AB-BNCT) system employing a lithium target. The QA/QC uncertainty of the activation measurement was evaluated based on counts, reproducibility, and standard radiation source uncertainties. Measurements in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cylindrical phantom using aluminum-manganese (Al–Mn) foils and aluminum-gold (Al–Au) foils and measurements in a water phantom using gold wire with and without cadmium cover were performed to determine the optimal measurement conditions. The QA/QC uncertainties of the activation measurements were 4.5% for Au and 4.6% for Mn. The optimum irradiation proton charge and measurement time were determined to be 36 C and 900 s for measurements in a PMMA cylindrical phantom, 7.0 C and 900 s for gold wire measurements in a water phantom, and 54 C and 900 s at 0–2.2 cm depth and 3,600 s at deeper depths for gold wire measurements with cadmium cover. Our results serve as a reference for determining measurement conditions when performing QA/QC of activation measurements using HP-Ge detectors at an AB-BNCT employing a lithium target.
Multimodal 2D and 3D microscopic mapping of growth cartilage by computational imaging techniques – a short review including new research
Authors: Mürer Fredrik K , Tekseth Kim R , Chattopadhyay Basab , Olstad Kristin , Akram Muhammad Nadeem , Breiby Dag W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Being able to image the microstructure of growth cartilage is important for understanding the onset and progression of diseases such as osteochondrosis and osteoarthritis, as well as for developing new treatments and implants. Studies of cartilage using conventional optical brightfield microscopy rely heavily on histological staining, where the added chemicals provide tissue-specific colours. Other microscopy contrast mechanisms include polarization, phase- and scattering contrast, enabling non-stained or ‘label-free’ imaging that significantly simplifies the sample preparation, thereby also reducing the risk of artefacts. Traditional high-performance microscopes tend to be both bulky and expensive. Computational imaging denotes a range of techniques where computers with dedicated algorithms are used as an integral part of the image formation process. Computational imaging offers many advantages like 3D measurements, aberration correction and quantitative phase contrast, often combined with comparably cheap and compact hardware. X-ray microscopy is also progressing rapidly, in certain ways trailing the development of optical microscopy. In this study, we first briefly review the structures of growth cartilage and relevant microscopy characterization techniques, with an emphasis on Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) and advanced x-ray microscopies. We next demonstrate with our own results computational imaging through FPM and compare the images with hematoxylin eosin and saffron (HES)-stained histology. Zernike phase contrast, and the nonlinear optical microscopy techniques of second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) are explored. Furthermore, X-ray attenuation-, phase- and diffraction-contrast computed tomography (CT) images of the very same sample are presented for comparisons. Future perspectives on the links to artificial intelligence, dynamic studies and in vivo possibilities conclude the article.
A novel method for developing contrast-detail curves from clinical patient images based on statistical low-contrast detectability
Authors: Anam Choirul , Naufal Ariij , Sutanto Heri , Fujibuchi Toshioh , Dougherty Geoff 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose. To develop a method to extract statistical low-contrast detectability (LCD) and contrast-detail (C-D) curves from clinical patient images. Method. We used the region of air surrounding the patient as an alternative for a homogeneous region within a patient. A simple graphical user interface (GUI) was created to set the initial configuration for region of interest (ROI), ROI size, and minimum detectable contrast (MDC). The process was started by segmenting the air surrounding the patient with a threshold between −980 HU (Hounsfield units) and −1024 HU to get an air mask. The mask was trimmed using the patient center coordinates to avoid distortion from the patient table. It was used to automatically place square ROIs of a predetermined size. The mean pixel values in HU within each ROI were calculated, and the standard deviation (SD) from all the means was obtained. The MDC for a particular target size was generated by multiplying the SD by 3.29. A C-D curve was obtained by iterating this process for the other ROI sizes. This method was applied to the homogeneous area from the uniformity module of an ACR CT phantom to find the correlation between the parameters inside and outside the phantom, for 30 thoracic, 26 abdominal, and 23 head images. Results. The phantom images showed a significant linear correlation between the LCDs obtained from outside and inside the phantom, with R2 values of 0.67 and 0.99 for variations in tube currents and tube voltages. This indicated that the air region outside the phantom can act as a surrogate for the homogenous region inside the phantom to obtain the LCD and C-D curves. Conclusion. The C-D curves obtained from outside the ACR CT phantom show a strong linear correlation with those from inside the phantom. The proposed method can also be used to extract the LCD from patient images by using the region of air outside as a surrogate for a region inside the patient.