bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive models for online estimation of individual milk yield response to concentrate intake and milking interval length of dairy cows
Authors: ANDRÉ G. , ENGEL B. , BERENTSEN P. B. M. , VAN DUINKERKEN G. , OUDE LANSINK A. G. J. M. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYAutomated feeding and milking of dairy cows enables the application of individual cow settings for concentrate supply and milking frequency. Currently, general settings are used, based on knowledge about energy and nutrient requirements in relation to milk production at the group level. Individual settings, based on the actual individual response in milk yield, have the potential for a marked increase in economic profits. In the present study, adaptive dynamic models for online estimation of milk yield response to concentrate intake and length of milking interval are evaluated. The parameters in these models may change over time and are updated through a Bayesian approach for online analysis of time series. The main use of dynamic models lies in their ability to determine economically optimal settings for concentrate intake and milking interval length for individual cows at any day in lactation. Three adaptive dynamic models are evaluated, a model with linear terms for concentrate intake and length of milking interval, a model that also comprises quadratic terms, and an enhanced model (EM) in order to obtain more stable parameter estimates. The linear model is useful only for forecasting milk production and the estimated parameters of the quadratic model were found to be unstable. The parsimony of the EM leads to far more stable parameter estimates. It is shown that the EM is suitable for control and monitoring, and therefore promises to be a valuable tool for application within precision livestock farming.
Independence without Nationalists? The Japanese and Vietnamese Nationalism during the Japanese Period, 1940–45
Authors: Nitz Kiyoko Kurusu 
Published: April 2011

This paper examines Japanese attitudes toward the independence movement in Vietnam, the Japanese idea of “independence”, and Japanese relationships with the Vietnamese nationalists during the period between 1940 and 1945.The Japanese used French Indochina, one constituent of which was “Vietnam”, as a supply base and a stepping stone for their troops on their way to other battle grounds such as Burma, Singapore, Indonesia, or the Philippines. The defeated units were returned to Vietnam, rested, and reorganized into new military units. Coal and rice and other foodstuffs used by the Japanese in these battlefields often came from Vietnam. For these objectives, the Japanese kept the political and administrative structure of French Indochina intact under the French. But on 9 March 1945, the 30, 000-man Japanese military attacked the 50, 000-man French Indochinese Army in a surprise attack under the command of Lieutenant General Tsuchihashi, commanding general of the 38th Army. (This operation is identified in Japanese military terms as “Meigo Sakusen” [Bright Moon Action].)
The Politics of Survival: Peasant Response to ‘Progress’ in Southeast Asia
Authors: Scott James , Kerkvliet Ben 
Published: April 2011

… the chief social basis of radicalism has been the peasant and the smaller artisan J i n the towns. From the facts, one may conclude that the wellsprings of human freedom lie not only where Marx saw them, in the aspirations of classes about to take power, but perhaps even more in the dying wail of a class over whom the wave of progress is about to roll.The Southeast Asian peasantry has historically sought, as best it could, to secure its economic and physical well-being against the claims and threats of either the state or local elites. In this context, the defense of peasant subsistence and security needs i s morally underwritten by a “little tradition” that asserts both the priority of local custom over outside law and the priority of local subsistence needs over outside claims on the local product. This aspect of the little tradition amounts to a normative justification for resistence whenever agrarian elites or the state violate important local practices or threaten what villagers consider their minimal ceremonial and subsistence fund.
The Aftereffects of Hajj and Kaan Buat
Authors: Maeda Narifumi 
Published: April 2011

The aim of this paper is to examine and compare in two societies with different religious backgrounds the aftereffects of ritual in terms of the deference-entitlements which are enhanced through ritual.Deference is “a way of expressing an assessment of the self and of others with respect to ‘macro-social’ properties” (Shils 1968 :105). The deferential person expects he will get something he lacks or wants or needs from the person to whom he defers.
Positive topological entropy of Reeb flows on spherizations
Authors: MACARINI LEONARDO , SCHLENK FELIX 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLet M be a closed manifold whose based loop space Ω (M) is “complicated”. Examples are rationally hyperbolic manifolds and manifolds whose fundamental group has exponential growth. Consider a hypersurface Σ in T*M which is fiberwise starshaped with respect to the origin. Choose a function H : T*M → ℝ such that Σ is a regular energy surface of H, and let ϕt be the restriction to Σ of the Hamiltonian flow of H.Theorem 1. The topological entropy of ϕt is positive.This result has been known for fiberwise convex Σ by work of Dinaburg, Gromov, Paternain, and Paternain–Petean on geodesic flows. We use the geometric idea and the Floer homological technique from [19], but in addition apply the sandwiching method. Theorem 1 can be reformulated as follows.Theorem 1'. The topological entropy of any Reeb flow on the spherization SM of T*M is positive.For q ∈ M abbreviate Σq = Σ ∩ Tq*M. The following corollary extends results of Morse and Gromov on the number of geodesics between two points.Corollary 1. Given q ∈ M, for almost every q′ ∈ M the number of orbits of the flow ϕt from Σq to Σq′ grows exponentially in time.In the lowest dimension, Theorem 1 yields the existence of many closed, orbits.Corollary 2. Let M be a closed surface different from S2, ℝP2, the torus and the Klein bottle. Then ϕt carries a horseshoe. In particular, the number of geometrically distinct closed orbits grows exponentially in time.
The Poor of Noakhali: Danish Development Assistance Policy and Rural Development in Bangladesh
Authors: BRUNBECH PETER YDING 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Danish integrated rural development project in the Bangladeshi district of Noakhali (1978–92) was in many ways the largest aid project in the history of the Danish aid agency, DANIDA, and was intended to break new ground by reaching the poorest and weakest directly. Despite elaborate planning and a small army of Danish experts, however, the project failed to reach the targeted groups and would ultimately be viewed as a partial fiasco. By analysing the historical context of the project, this article will show how both the project and the problems it encountered were a by-product of the basic principles of the Danish aid policy developed in the 1960s and 1970s: the same factors that produced the high level of Danish aid spending and the will to embrace new agendas in development assistance such as the ‘basic-needs’ approach also created a number of problems with regard to the implementation of Danish policy on the ground.
The Normative Implications of Biological Research
Authors: Hatemi Peter K. , McDermott Rose 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOne of the concerns that has plagued research on the biological and genetic underpinnings of social behaviors and individual differences is the fear that such information can be used for ill. This fear rests on a foundation of good reason. Early abuses involving the use of selective phrenology and other purportedly “scientific” methods to establish moral hierarchies among races or between sexes have exerted profound and lasting damage on society, as well as affecting later attempts to more productively examine the biological bases of individual difference. And yet, many policies that have focused exclusively on social factors have created equal pain and suffering, although these approaches have rarely fostered as much discussion. However, despite these negative outcomes, biological research can also attack diseases, alleviate suffering, and dispel social myths that wrongfully assign blame to the victim or otherwise oversimplify behavior. Here, we argue for a similar positive valuation of such an approach in political and social research. We concentrate not on the ethics of conducting this research, but rather the ethical need for this research to be conducted.
Learning from Popular Culture: The “Politics” of Competitive Reality Television Programs
Authors: Dreyer David R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReality television programming has become a pervasive part of popular culture. Although such programming may seem to be mindless entertainment, it can serve as a tool to introduce political lessons in the classroom. This article examines how the concepts of alliance behavior and strategic voting can be explored by using the television program Survivor. An analysis reveals that contestants often behave strategically when forming alliances and voting, in ways that are similar to the strategic behavior of nation-states and individuals residing in democracies, respectively. This article does not suggest that reading political science texts should be replaced with viewing reality television, but rather that instructors can introduce abstract concepts to undergraduate students through popular culture. Such a technique can spark students' interest in politics and demonstrate the broad relevance of political concepts, leaving students with the desire to delve more deeply into the investigation of political phenomena.
Tower of LondonversusReal Life Analogue Planning in Schizophrenia with Disorganization and Psychomotor Poverty Symptoms
Authors: Greenwood Kathryn E. , Wykes Til , Sigmundsson Thordur , Landau Sabine , Morris Robin G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNeuropsychological models propose qualitatively distinct planning impairments in the psychomotor poverty and disorganization syndromes in schizophrenia. It was proposed that poor plan initiation in psychomotor poverty would lead to longer initial planning times, while poor plan execution in disorganization would lead to greater inefficiency. Participants with psychomotor poverty (n= 30) and disorganization (n= 29) symptoms were contrasted with healthy controls (n= 28) to elucidate distinct planning impairments. Planning was compared in the Tower of London taskversusreal life analogue performance in the form of a board-game style diary planning task. The specificity of planning impairments was investigated by controlling for current IQ. The disorganization group demonstrated inefficient planning across both tasks, with poor performance on the Tower of London but not on the real life analogue task remaining after intelligence levels were taken into account. Initial planning times did not differ between groups. Previous associations between poor planning and symptoms may have been driven by poor planning with disorganization symptoms and associated lower order impairments in executive function or the semantic system. Targeting these impairments in people with disorganization symptoms may lead to a greater chance of success in promoting generalization to the real world. (JINS, 2011,17, 474–484)
A Précis of Recent Advances in the Neuropsychology of Mild Cognitive Impairment(s) in Parkinson's Disease and a Proposal of Preliminary Research Criteria
Authors: Tröster Alexander I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCognitive changes of Parkinson's disease (PD) manifest earlier and are more heterogeneous than previously appreciated. Approximately one-third of patients have at least mild cognitive changes at PD diagnosis, and subtle changes might be appreciable among those at risk for PD. Executive dysfunction is the most common cognitive change, but other phenotypes exist. Pathobiologic and potential prognostic differences among cognitive phenotypes remain poorly understood. Progress in the neuropsychology, epidemiology and pathobiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in PD is hampered by lack of diagnostic criteria. This study proposes preliminary research criteria for two categories of PD non-dementia cognitive impairment. (JINS, 2011,17, 393–406)
Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Modulates the Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow and Attenuates Ischemic Brain Metabolism in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Sadoshima Seizo , Ibayashi Setsuro , Fujii Kenichiro , Nagao Tetsuhiko , Sugimori Hiroshi , Fujishima Masatoshi 
Published: April 2011

We designed the present study to examine whether or not the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase modulates cerebral microcirculation in hypotension and improves brain metabolism in ischemia induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion in hypertensive rats. Blood flow to the parietal cortex was determined by the H2 clearance method. Lactate, pyruvate, and ATP were estimated by enzymatic methods. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI, ENA-713), at 0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/kg, was intravenously injected 10 min before either hemorrhagic hypotension or cerebral ischemia. The levels of acetylcholine in the control were 29.3 ± 8.1 (mean ± SD) and 39.5 ± 8.1 pmol/mg in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively, and they were significantly decreased by 15–19% after 60 min of ischemia in the vehicle-treated rats. AChEI preserved the levels to 93–98% of the control (p < 0.05 versus vehicle). The lower limit of autoregulation was 74 ± 9% of the resting values. The administration of AChEI helped preserve blood flow and lowered the limit to 64 ± 6% (p < 0.05 versus control). After 60 min of ischemia, lactate increased 6.5-fold and ATP decreased to 64% of the control value. The administration of AChEI dose-dependently reduced the lactate level 1.9- to 3.9-fold and well preserved the ATP level to 94–97% of the control. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity may preserve cerebral autoregulation during hypotension and protect cerebral metabolism against ischemic insult.
A comprehensive protein-centric ID mapping service for molecular data integration
Authors: Huang Hongzhan , McGarvey Peter B. , Suzek Baris E. , Mazumder Raja , Zhang Jian , Chen Yongxing , Wu Cathy H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Identifier (ID) mapping establishes links between various biological databases and is an essential first step for molecular data integration and functional annotation. ID mapping allows diverse molecular data on genes and proteins to be combined and mapped to functional pathways and ontologies. We have developed comprehensive protein-centric ID mapping services providing mappings for 90 IDs derived from databases on genes, proteins, pathways, diseases, structures, protein families, protein interaction, literature, ontologies, etc. The services are widely used and have been regularly updated since 2006.
Availability: www.uniprot.org/mapping and proteininformation-resource.org/pirwww/search/idmapping.shtml
Contact: huang@dbi.udel.edu
Moderated guiding: a grounded theory of nursing practice in end‐of‐life care
Authors: McCallin Antoinette M 
Published: April 2011

Aim.  The aim of this study was to generate a grounded theory of nursing practice in end‐of‐life care.Background.  Provision of end‐of‐life care that meets the needs of the dying person and their family is complex. While symptom control, disease management and psychosocial care are well understood, there is less evidence about how nurses manage everyday practicalities in challenging organisational environments.Design.  Qualitative using Glaser’s method of grounded theory.Methods.  Data were collected from 30 semi‐structured interviews with registered nurses working in end‐of‐life care in New Zealand. Data were analysed using constant comparative techniques. Theoretical sampling and memo writing furthered theoretical development.Results.  Nurses used the process of moderated guiding to manage different expectations in end‐of‐life care. Moderated guiding included checking out, involving and supporting. Guiding was both controlling and non‐controlling. Moderation was required, as there were tensions in nursing practice because of patient control issues, resource constraints and the individual nurse’s emotional investment in the nurse–patient relationship.Conclusions.  Moderated guiding raises questions about the challenges nurses face in a health care environment where responsibilities for care have changed.Relevance to clinical practice.  Moderated guiding explains the role nurses have as resource managers in health services where wider social and economic issues impact multiple clinical demands and influence nursing practice.
Influence of evaporative demand on aquaporin expression and root hydraulics of hybrid poplar
Authors: ALMEIDA‐RODRIGUEZ ADRIANA M. , HACKE UWE G. , LAUR JOAN 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWhen light levels and evaporative demand increase, dynamic physiological changes in roots may be required to restore the water balance at the whole plant level. We hypothesized that a dynamic increase in root hydraulic conductance (LP) and aquaporin (AQP) expression could moderate the transpiration‐induced drop in water potential (Ψ), allowing continued gas exchange in hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa × deltoides) saplings. Fifty‐six AQPs have been identified in poplar, but little information about their expression patterns in roots is available, especially from a whole‐plant water relations perspective. We measured AQP expression and LP in plants subjected to different levels of light and evaporative demand. Shaded plants had only one‐tenth the root area of plants growing at higher light levels. Shade‐grown saplings experiencing a sudden increase in light exhibited a threefold higher LP than plants remaining in shade. This dynamic increase in LP corresponded with increased transcript abundance of 15 AQPs out of a total of 33 genes simultaneously assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR. The tissue‐level localization of transcripts of four AQPs was studied with in situ hybridization. Comprehensive expression profiling in conjunction with physiological and morphological measurements is a valuable reference for future studies on AQP function in poplar.
Metabolic control and regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in photosynthetic and heterotrophic plant tissues
Authors: ARAÚJO WAGNER L. , NUNES‐NESI ADRIANO , NIKOLOSKI ZORAN , SWEETLOVE LEE J. , FERNIE ALISDAIR R. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a crucial component of respiratory metabolism in both photosynthetic and heterotrophic plant organs. All of the major genes of the tomato TCA cycle have been cloned recently, allowing the generation of a suite of transgenic plants in which the majority of the enzymes in the pathway are progressively decreased. Investigations of these plants have provided an almost complete view of the distribution of control in this important pathway. Our studies suggest that citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinyl CoA ligase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase and malate dehydrogenase have control coefficients flux for respiration of −0.4, 0.964, −0.123, 0.0008, 0.289, 0.601 and 1.76, respectively; while 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is estimated to have a control coefficient of 0.786 in potato tubers. These results thus indicate that the control of this pathway is distributed among malate dehydrogenase, aconitase, fumarase, succinate dehydrogenase and 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. The unusual distribution of control estimated here is consistent with specific non‐cyclic flux mode and cytosolic bypasses that operate in illuminated leaves. These observations are discussed in the context of known regulatory properties of the enzymes and some illustrative examples of how the pathway responds to environmental change are given.
Eosinophilia as an early indicator of pancreatic allograft rejection
Authors: Weir Matthew R. , Bartlett Stephen T. , Drachenberg Cinthia B. 
Published: April 2011

Weir MR, Bartlett ST, Drachenberg CB. Eosinophilia as an early indicator of pancreatic allograft rejection.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01440.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Monitoring pancreas transplant recipients for rejection is an inexact science. Serial monitoring of urinary amylase has been used for patients with a bladder‐drained pancreas. An increase in serum amylase and lipase has been utilized as an in vivo measure of pancreas rejection in patients with enteric pancreatic exocrine drainage. Decreases in urinary amylase or increases in serum amylase or lipase, respectively, in these two different types of surgical drainage would prompt a pancreas biopsy for histologic confirmation of rejection. Herein, we describe the case of an enteric‐drained pancreatic transplant recipient who presented with peripheral eosinophilia at least one month before she developed increases in serum amylase and lipase. A pancreas allograft biopsy indicated eosinophilic acute cellular rejection. Peripheral eosinophilia may be a useful early indicator of pancreas graft rejection preceding changes in serum pancreatic enzymes by approximately one month.
Red cells from the original JAL+ proband are also DAK+ and STEM+
Authors: Hue‐Roye K. , Reid M. E. , Westhoff C. M. , Lomas‐Francis C. 
Published: April 2011

Background  The low‐prevalence Rh antigen, JAL, was named after the index case, Mr. J. Allen. Based on reactivity of seven multi‐specific sera with his RBCs, it was apparent that they express at least one additional low‐prevalence antigen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the other low‐prevalence antigen(s) on J. Allen’s RBCs.Methods  Blood samples and reagents were from our collections. Hemagglutination and DNA analyses were performed by standard methods.Results  Our DNA analyses confirmed the presence of RHCE*ceS(340T) in J. Allen and revealed the presence of RHCE*ceBI (ce 48C, 712G, 818T, 1132G) and RHD*DOL (509T, 667T). RBCs from J. Allen were agglutinated by anti‐JAL, anti‐STEM, and anti‐DAK. Two of the reactive multi‐specific sera reported in the original paper reacted with RBCs from J. Allen, and with RBCs from four other people with RHCE*ceBI, including the original STEM+ index case (P. Stemper) but not with RBCs with the DIIIa, DAK+ phenotype. We conclude that they contain anti‐STEM.Conclusion  J.Allen’s RBCs express the low‐prevalence Rh antigens, JAL, V/VS (extremely weakly), STEM, and DAK. The presence of JAL on the variant Rhce, RhceJAL (16Cys, 114Trp, 245Val), STEM on the variant Rhce, RhceBI (16Cys, 238Val, 273Val, 378Val), and DAK on the variant RhD (170Thr, 223Val), encoded by RHD*DOL in trans to RHCE*ceBI is consistent with expression of these antigens. When J. Allen RBCs are used to detect and identify an anti‐JAL, it is important to remember that they also express STEM and DAK.