bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of WASCA Aberrometer Refraction Compared to Manifest Refraction in Chinese Adult Myopes
Authors: Zhu Xiangjia , Dai Jinhui , Chu Renyuan , Lu Yi , Zhou Xingtao , Wang Lin 
Published: November 2009

Purpose:
To investigate the accuracy of the Carl Zeiss Meditec Wavefront Supported Custom Ablation (WASCA) aberrometer in refraction testing for Chinese myopic adults.

Methods:
Manifest refraction and WASCA were performed on 360 eyes of 360 consecutive Chinese myopic adults without cycloplegia. Both vector analysis and conventional notation were applied for comparing results, and differences between WASCA and manifest refraction for each component were calculated for accuracy evaluation. Correlation coefficients, regression equations, and mean errors of each component between the two methods were also tested.

Results:

Pearson correlation coefficient for M, J
0
, J
45
, sphere, and cylinder was 0.9680, 0.9320, 0.8655, 0.9668, and 0.8761, respectively. Mean error for the components above was −0.39±0.71 diopters (D), −0.02±0.16 D, 0.01±0.12 D, −0.42±0.70 D, and 0.06±0.30 D, respectively. In patients whose manifest vector M was ⩽−6.00 D, mean errors of sphere and vector M were larger than the remainder of the study group. Ninety percent cylinder errors were within ±0.50 D. Mean error of axis was 7.4°, with 50% of eyes within 5°. In cases with ⩽−0.75 D astigmatism, mean error of axis was 9.8°, which was larger than the remainder of the study group by 4.9°.

Conclusions:

For Chinese myopic adults, the concordance between WASCA and manifest refraction is, on average, high. However, for eyes with low to moderate spherocylindrical refraction, WASCA is less accurate in predicting sphere and vector M. It is also less effective for the measurement of axis in patients with astigmatism ⩽<0.75 D. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:1026–1033.]
Antioxidant Activity of Degradable Polymer Poly(trolox ester) to Suppress Oxidative Stress Injury in the Cells
Authors: Wattamwar Paritosh P. , Mo Yiqun , Wan Rong , Palli Roshan , Zhang Qunwei , Dziubla Thomas D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOxidative stress is a pathological condition that has been implicated as a central player in a variety of diseases, including vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. More recently, oxidative stress has also been shown to be involved in the biological incompatibility of many materials, especially at the nanoscale. As such, there is a critical need for new biomaterials that can inhibit this response, improving the compatibility of medical devices. In this work, trolox, a synthetic antioxidant and water‐soluble analogue of Vitamin E, is polymerized to form an oxidation active polymer as a new class of biomaterial. Synthesized poly(trolox ester) polymers were formulated into nanoparticles using a single emulsion technique, and their size was controlled by changing the polymer concentration in the organic solvent. Nanoparticle cytotoxicity, protective effects against cellular oxidative stress, and degradation kinetics were all evaluated. Poly(trolox ester) nanoparticles were found to have little to no cytotoxicity and were capable of suppressing cellular oxidative stress induced by cobalt nanoparticles. In vitro degradation studies of poly(trolox ester) nanoparticles indicate that the antioxidant activity of nanoparticles was derived from its enzymatic degradation to release active antioxidants.
Bubble size distribution modeling in stirred gas–liquid reactors with QMOM augmented by a new correction algorithm
Authors: Petitti Miriam , Nasuti Andrea , Marchisio Daniele L. , Vanni Marco , Baldi Giancarlo , Mancini Nicola , Podenzani Fabrizio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLocal gas hold‐up and bubbles size distributions have been modeled and validated against experimental data in a stirred gas–liquid reactor, considering two different spargers. An Eulerian multifluid approach coupled with a population balance model (PBM) has been employed to describe the evolution of the bubble size distribution due to break‐up and coalescence. The PBM has been solved by resorting to the quadrature method of moments, implemented through user defined functions in the commercial computational fluid dynamics code Fluent v. 6.2. To overcome divergence issues caused by moments corruption, due to numerical problems, a correction scheme for the moments has been implemented; simulation results prove that it plays a crucial role for the stability and the accuracy of the overall approach. Very good agreements between experimental data and simulations predictions are obtained, for a unique set of break‐up and coalescence kinetic constants, in a wide range of operating conditions. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Expression of interleukin 15 in primary adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wu Shuling , Fischer Lars , Gökbuget Nicola , Schwartz Stefan , Burmeister Thomas , Notter Michael , Hoelzer Dieter , Fuchs Hendrik , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Hofmann Wolf K , Thiel Eckhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) has been associated with the growth, survival and biological behavior of leukemic cells and response to therapy. We determined the expression of IL‐15 in lymphoblasts and evaluated its potential impact on the outcome in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).METHODS:Between June 1999 and June 2006, ALL samples were collected from 87 adult patients before initiation of antineoplastic therapy. These patients were enrolled in the German Multicenter Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia June 1999 and July 2003 study trials. The expression of IL‐15 in leukemic cells was analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:The expression of IL‐15 correlated with the immunophenotype: T‐lineage ALL had a more than 4‐fold higher IL‐15 mRNA expression as compared with B‐cell precursor (BCP)‐ALL (P < .001). Patients with BCR‐ABL+‐BCP‐ALL had lower IL‐15 expression compared with BCR‐ABL−‐BCP‐ALL (P = .041). Furthermore, higher expression of IL‐15 was associated with mediastinal (P = .001) and lymph node infiltration (P = .051), but not with hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Notably, high IL‐15 expression in BCP‐ALL was associated with an inferior relapse‐free survival (RFS) at 5 years (0.17 ± 0.13 vs 0.47 ± 0.13) (P = .008), but there was no impact on overall survival (P = .249).CONCLUSIONS:Differential expression of IL‐15 in adult ALL at diagnosis was associated with clinical features and outcome, in particular, RFS. It remains to be evaluated whether IL‐15 might be a relevant therapy target, or might be used for risk stratification. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Mycolipenic and Mycolipanolic Acid
Authors: ter Horst Bjorn , van Wermeskerken Jeroen , Feringa Ben L. , Minnaard Adriaan J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe first asymmetric synthesis of mycolipenic acid and mycolipanolic acid by using an improved iterative procedure involving catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of MeMgBr as the key step is described. Mycolipenic and mycolipanolic acid are obtained in 11 steps with perfect stereocontrol, and both acids are identical to their counterparts from natural sources.
Capillary electrochromatography with packed bead beds in microfluidic devices
Authors: Jemere Abebaw B. , Martinez Dolores , Finot Michael , Harrison D. Jed 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMicrochip‐based bead‐packed columns for electrochromatography are described for several types of stationary phases. Chromatography columns 2 mm in length were used for the separation of proteins and peptides by size‐ and ion‐exchange modes of separation, respectively. In size‐exclusion electrochromatograpgy, FITC‐IgG and FITC‐insulin were baseline resolved in less than 10 s, with efficiencies of up to 139,000 plates/m for FITC‐insulin. In strong cation‐exchange electrochromatography, a mixture of three fluorescently labeled peptides was baseline resolved in less than 40 s, with efficiencies up to 400,000 plates/m. The RSD for the analytes retention times were<3% in both size‐exclusion and ion‐exchange modes of separations. The use of a 1‐mm‐long reverse‐phase column for the semiquantitative evaluation of pharmaceutical formulations in drug solubility tests illustrates the use of this microfluidic chip‐based electrochromatographic approach to drug development.
A review of advanced techniques for characterising SOFC behaviour
Authors: Malzbender J. , Steinbrech R. W. , Singheiser L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe use of advanced characterization methods to assess degradation and failure mechanisms is gaining increasing importance within the closed loop of design, fabrication, testing and post operational analysis of solid oxide fuel cell materials, cells and stacks.Characterization can be separated into electrochemical and non‐electrochemical methods that are used either in‐situ or pre‐/post‐operational. In the present work, a selection of non‐electrochemical methods is reviewed with the aim of improving the understanding of material interactions, degradation mechanisms and failure modes. The described experimental techniques include X‐ray computer tomography to assess defects in cells and sealants and X‐ray diffraction to analyze residual stresses. Furthermore, the effect of mechanical loading on the contact area is addressed, in‐situ observation techniques are outlined and finally methods for microstructure characterization are illustrated.
Evaluation of operators' performance for automation design in the fully digital control room of nuclear power plants
Authors: Lin Chiuhsiang Joe , Yenn Tzu‐Chung , Yang Chih‐Wei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecent technical developments in computer hardware and software have meant that human–machine systems can be automated in many respects. If automation fails, however, human operators can have difficulty in recognizing the existence of a problem, identifying what has failed, and taking corrective action to remedy these out‐of‐the‐loop (OOTL) performance problems. Several studies have suggested that taxonomies of levels of automation (LOAs) and types of automation (TOAs) can be used to solve OOTL problems. This study examined the impact of LOAs in process control automation within the context of nuclear power plants (NPPs). A simulation experiment in an NPP is performed to validate this framework using an automatic mode and a semiautomatic mode. Mental demand is found to be significantly reduced under the automatic mode; however, participants felt frustrated with this LOA. Situation awareness is found to be similar in the two modes. The results of an end‐of‐experiment subjective rating reveal that participants were evenly divided between the two modes with respect to generating and selecting functions. It is therefore suggested that human operators be involved in generating and selecting functions under an automatic mode. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On recognizing graphs by numbers of homomorphisms
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLet hom (G, H) be the number of homomorphisms from a graph G to a graph H. A well‐known result of Lovász states that the function hom (·, H) from all graphs uniquely determines the graph H up to isomorphism. We study this function restricted to smaller classes of graphs. We show that several natural classes (2‐degenerate graphs and graphs homomorphic to an arbitrary non‐bipartite graph) are sufficient to recognize all graphs, and provide a description of graph properties that are recognizable by graphs with bounded tree‐width. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 330–342, 2010
Chickpea protein isolates obtained by wet extraction as emulsifying agents
Authors: Papalamprou Evdoxia M , Doxastakis Georgios I , Kiosseoglou Vassilios 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Wet extraction of protein from defatted chickpea (variety Thiva (T), Greece) flour, at alkaline or slightly acidic pH, followed by isoelectric precipitation (pI) or ultrafiltration (UF) to recover the protein, was employed to obtain a number of chickpea protein isolates, enriched either in protein constituents belonging to the globulin (TpI, TUF, TUFG) or to the albumin fraction (TUFA).RESULTS: The interfacial activity and film‐forming ability of the isolate protein constituents as well as their emulsifying properties were evaluated. The method applied for chickpea protein isolate preparation influenced to an appreciable extent their composition, adsorption behaviour to oil–water interfaces and emulsion formation and stabilization characteristics, especially with respect to oil droplet flocculation and coalescence. The isolates also differed in their ability to stabilize emulsions subjected to thermal processing or following storage under freezing conditions. The results are discussed in terms of compositional and, possibly, structural differences existing between the protein constituents of the chickpea isolates that may influence their functional behaviour in emulsion systems.CONCLUSION: The method applied for isolate preparation influenced to an appreciable extent the ability of proteins to adsorb to the oil–water interface and stabilize emulsions during long‐time ageing or following heat treatment or freezing. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Longitudinal change of treatment‐related upper limb dysfunction and its impact on late dysfunction in breast cancer survivors: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Eun Joo , Park Won‐Beom , Seo Kwan Sik , Kim Sung‐Won , Heo Chan‐Yeong , Lim Jae‐Young 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of upper limb dysfunction (ULD) and subtypes after breast cancer surgery and to identify factors associated with late ULD.MethodsAmong 191 enrolled patients, 191 were evaluated at 3 months, 187 at 6 months, and 183 at 12 months after surgery. Pain, shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, and arm circumference were assessed. Based on symptoms and physical examinations, the types of ULD common after breast cancer treatment were diagnosed and categorized.ResultsThe prevalence of ULD after surgery were 24.6%, 20.9%, and 26.8% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. The most common types of ULD were pectoralis tightness at 3 and 6 months and lymphedema at 12 months. Patients with pectoralis tightness or lymphedema at 3 or 6 months showed a higher prevalence of rotator cuff disease at 12 months compared with those without early pectoralis tightness or lymphedema.ConclusionsThe major post‐operative ULD were pectoralis tightness at 3 and 6 months and lymphedema at 12 months. Late ULD such as rotator cuff disease were associated with pectoral tightness or lymphedema at earlier stages. Diagnosis and treatment of ULD should take place as soon as possible after surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;101:84–91. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical spectrum of patients with erosion of the inner ear by jugular bulb abnormalities
Authors: Friedmann David R. , Le B. Thuy , Pramanik Bidyut K. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Anatomic variants of the jugular bulb (JB) are common; however, abnormalities such as large high riding JB and JB diverticulum (JBD) are uncommon. Rarely, the abnormal JB may erode into the inner ear. The goal of our study is to report a large series of patients with symptomatic JB erosion into the inner ear.Study Design:Retrospective review in an academic medical center.Methods:Eleven patients with JB abnormality eroding into the inner ear were identified on computed tomography (CT) scan of the temporal bone.Results:Age at presentation was from 5 years to 82 years with six males and five females. The large JB or JBD eroded into the vestibular aqueduct (n = 9) or the posterior semicircular canal (n = 4). The official radiology report usually identified the JB abnormality; however, erosion into these structures by the JB was not mentioned in all but one case. All patients were symptomatic with five having conductive hearing loss (CHL) and three complaining of pulsatile tinnitus. Those with pulsatile tinnitus and four of five with CHL had erosion into the vestibular aqueduct. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) findings in three of six patients were consistent with dehiscence of the inner ear.Conclusions:High riding large JB or JBD can erode into the inner ear and may be associated with CHL and/or pulsatile tinnitus. CT scan is diagnostic and should be examined specifically for these lesions. As patients with pulsatile tinnitus may initially undergo a magnetic resonance imaging scan, identification of JB abnormality should prompt CT scan or VEMP testing to evaluate for inner ear erosion. Laryngoscope, 2010
Morphology and pH Sensing Characteristics of New Luminescent Electrospun Fibers Prepared from Poly(phenylquinoline)‐block‐Polystyrene/Polystyrene Blends
Authors: Kuo Chi‐Ching , Tung Yi‐Chih , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNew luminescent electrospun (ES) fibers for pH‐tunable colorimetric sensors were prepared from binary blends of poly(phenylquinoline)‐block‐polystyrene (PPQ‐b‐PS)/polystyrene (PS) with a single‐capillary spinneret. The PPQ‐b‐PS aggregated domain sizes in the ES fibers prepared from dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), chlorobenzene (CB) and chloroform (CHCl3) were 1.5 ± 0.5, 2.2 ± 0.4 and 4.1 ± 1.1 µm, respectively. Such variation on the aggregation size led to the red‐shifting photoluminescence spectra changing from green, to yellow, and orange. ES fibers prepared from CH2Cl2 exhibited pH‐tunable photoluminescence and the emission maximum varied from 532 to 560 nm as the pH value changed from 7 to 1. The study demonstrated that the ES fibers prepared could have potential applications for sensory devices.magnified image
Fabrication of Patterned Polydiacetylene Composite Films Using a Replica‐Molding (REM) Technique
Authors: Yarimaga Oktay , Lee Sumi , Kim Jong‐Man , Choi Yang‐Kyu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFunctional three‐dimensional (3D) micropatterns of diacetylene supramolecules embedded in a host polymer have been successfully fabricated by a replica‐molding (REM) technique. Dimensional reduction as a result of liquid evaporation during the curing process does not affect the conformational features of the transferred patterns. Polymerization of the diacetylene vesicles using 254 nm UV‐light irradiation from the back‐side of the transparent substrate induces blue colored polydiacetylene (PDA) micro‐images. Interestingly, the polymerization selectively occurs in the molded areas because of the sub‐300 nm light blocking property of SU‐8. 3D fluorescence patterns are readily obtained by heat treatment of the blue images on the film.magnified image
Prediction of Propagation Rate Coefficients in Free Radical Solution Polymerization Based on Accurate Quantum Chemical Methods: Vinylic and Related Monomers, Including Acrylates and Acrylic Acid
Authors: Deglmann Peter , Müller Imke , Becker Florian , Schäfer Ansgar , Hungenberg Klaus‐Dieter , Weiß Horst 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe simulation of polymerization processes is of enormous industrial importance. A quantum chemical method based on density functional theory is developed and validated that provides almost chemical accuracy for radical polymerization propagation of industrially relevant monomers in aqueous solution. The necessary corrections are computed using the CC level of theory. Solvent effects are accounted for by the solvation model COSMO‐RS. The method is capable of reproducing and rationalizing, for example, monomer concentration effects on the propagation rate for NVP. A comparison is performed with recent PLP experimental data. The method does not rely on error compensation effects or empiric corrections and is suitable for industrially relevant systems.magnified image
Linking prevention science and social and emotional learning: The Oregon Resiliency Project
Authors: Merrell Kenneth W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article reviews the contributions of the Oregon Resiliency Project, an effort to enhance positive social–emotional development of children and youth through social and emotional learning (SEL). The project was launched in 2001 as a collaborative effort between faculty and graduate student researchers at the University of Oregon. The primary aims have included training, outreach, and research in school‐based mental health promotion. One of the major contributions has been the development of the Strong Kids programs, SEL curricula designed to be used by educators and mental health personnel at the pre‐K through Grade 12 level as a brief and low‐cost way to promote SEL. The Strong Kids programs and the process of developing and refining them are described. The yield of several feasibility, efficacy, and effectiveness studies are overviewed, as are the lessons learned in conducting this line of work. Additional efforts of the project are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Learning science through research apprenticeships: A critical review of the literature
Authors: Sadler Troy D. , Burgin Stephen , McKinney Lyle , Ponjuan Luis 
Published: November 2009

AbstractScience education models for secondary and college students as well as K‐12 teachers have been dominated by classroom‐based approaches. Recently, research apprenticeships wherein learners worked with practicing scientists on authentic scientific research have become increasingly popular. The purpose of this critical review of the literature was to review and synthesize empirical studies that have explored learning outcomes associated with research apprenticeships for science learners. We reviewed 53 studies of scientific research apprenticeship experiences for secondary students, undergraduates and teachers, both pre‐service and in‐service. The review explored various learning outcomes associated with participation in research apprenticeships. These outcomes included effects of apprenticeship experiences on participant career aspirations, ideas about the nature of science (NOS), understandings of scientific content, confidence for doing science and intellectual development. The extant literature supported many of the presumed positive associations between apprenticeship experiences and desired learning outcomes, but findings related to some themes (e.g., NOS understandings) supported conflicting conclusions. Implications included importance of the length of the apprenticeship, need to explicitly place attention on desired outcomes, and engagement of participants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:235–256, 2010
Carbon nanotubes towards medicinal biochips
Authors: Tarakanov Alexander O. , Goncharova Larisa B. , Tarakanov Yury A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis overview focuses on the recent advances in carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based biochips and tries to clarify their potential for modern molecular medicine. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 1–10This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Tensions as Resources in Jewish Historical Civilizational Experience
Authors: Eisenstadt Shmuel N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe article analyzes in a comparative framework the Jewish historical experience as a distinct – the first monotheistic – Axial civilization and the major characteristics thereof. Special emphasis is given to the multivalence of the major components of the cultural orientations, collective consciousness and institutional premises as they bear on its long historical continuity and their major carriers, including heterodoxies. The article points out some of the major differences of the modern Jewish historical experience as compared with medieval history.