bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium/Silver Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide–Nanocomposite Platform for Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Leve Zandile , Ross Natasha , Pokpas Keagan , Carleschi Emanuela , Doyle Bryan P. , Abraham Sanga Nelia , Mokwebo Kefilwe Vanessa , Iwuoha Emmanuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetal nanoparticles incorporated into carbon nanostructures have tremendous applications in the field of nanosensors and other technologies. Herein, a nanohybrid of reduced graphene oxide modified with silver and/or palladium nanoparticles (Ag/Pd/rGO) was prepared by impregnation of Pd and Ag into the rGO platform and deposited on a glass carbon electrode. Palladium and silver nanoparticles improve the stability and durability of the sensor platform by preventing the agglomeration of graphene oxide sheets and providing chemical stability against environmental factors. This ensures long‐term reliability and repeatability of the sensor performance. The morphologies and microstructures of the as‐prepared nanohybrid were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, UV–visible and infrared spectroscopy. The average crystallite size of PdAgNPs was found to be between 12 and 15 nm and demonstrated good dispersion across reduced graphene oxide sheets with high‐loading capacities. Thorough investigation of the electrochemical properties of the nanomaterial surfaces through cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments, revealed distinct redox peaks for Ag+/Ag0 and Pd2+/Pd0 processes and demonstrated the excellent electrochemical properties of the prepared nanocomposites. The rGO‐PdAgNPs‐GCE had a diffusion coefficient value of 1.14×10−14 cm2 s−1 which is acceptable for electrochemical sensors as it is indicative of a fast response time and enhanced sensitivity to changes in gas concentration. The results obtained through thorough characterizations contributes to the novelty of the research by offering a deeper understanding of the material properties and the potential of the nanohybrid material for a broad application scope.
Synthesis, Crystal Growth, Structural Characterization, Supramolecular Chemistry, and Theoretical Calculations of Methylenium Salts of Benzenesulfonates
Authors: Ullah Ijaz , Li Yunbin , Huang Jiali , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang , Aqil Shehzad Rao , Iqbal Javed , Khan Ezzat 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current investigation describes the synthesis of four novel methylene blue (MB) salts of benzene sulfonate derivatives, featuring bulky anionic groups. The process involves treating chloride salt of MB with sodium salts of 4‐aminobenzene sulfonate, 4‐styrenebenzene sulfonate, 3,7‐naphthalene disulfonate, and anthraquinone‐1,5‐naphthalene disulfonate to substitute the chloride ion with benzoate sulfonate anion in MB‐chloride. The synthesis includes quaternizing MB‐chloride with the corresponding benzene sulfonate in minimal aqueous solvent to promote precipitation. The resultant precipitates were subsequently dissolved in an appropriate solvent to enable the crystallization of the ultimate product. The dissolution occurs either at ambient temperature or with heat. The crystals of the resultant salts were characterized using various analytical techniques like UV‐visible, and FT‐IR spectroscopy, TGA, single crystal X‐ray diffraction and powder X‐ray diffraction analysis. The UV‐visible spectroscopic results, frontier molecular orbital, density of states, molecular electrostatic potentials, and HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps were estimated by DFT. Structural analysis revealed that supramolecular structure of compounds achieved stabilization through electrostatic interactions, a diverse range of both conventional and non‐conventional hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking interactions, and other short‐range interactions. The investigation delves into intricate details and offers a thorough discussion of the fundamental principles that contribute to the formation and stabilization of supramolecular structures.
Synthesis of Flurbiprofen Based Amide Derivatives as Potential Leads for Diabetic Management: In Vitro α‐glucosidase Inhibition, Molecular Docking and DFT Simulation Approach
Authors: Alam Aftab , Zainab  , Elhenawy Ahmed A. , Ur Rehman Najeeb , Shahidul Islam Mohammad , Dahlous Kholood A. , Talab Faiz , Shah Syed Adnan Ali , Ali Mumtaz , Ahmad Manzoor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research is based on the synthesis, characterization and in vitro α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of fourteen amides (2 a–2 n) of flurbiprofen drug. Seven compounds in the series displayed potent inhibitory activity having IC50 values (IC50=5.67±0.89 μM) to (IC50=17.87±2.39 μM) in comparison with acarbose standard (IC50=875.75±1.24 μM). The FMO of 2 a–2 n molecules was quantified by the DFT assay. The promising value for energygap explained the higher poteny agannist α‐glucosidase. MEP provides the insights into the distribution of electrostatic potential on the molecular surface of 2 a–2 n, showing that C=O group has the highest negative potential. The AIM investigation revealed minimal hydrogen bond energy and non‐covalent interactions. This suggests that these molecules may have limited hydrogen bonding and non‐covalent interactions, which could be relevant to their chemical behavior. Molecular docking and (MEP) showed the C=O group, with its high negative potential, is a key in recognizing the catalytic non‐polar regions of enzymes, such as TYR72, GLU277, and ARG442. Similarly, the hydrophobic regions of investigated compounds play a significant role in identifying essential amino acids like ASP352 and ARG442, which are vital for the ligand's proper orientation and subsequent biological activity.
Dynamic hierarchical intrusion detection task offloading in IoT edge networks
Authors: Sahi Mansi , Auluck Nitin , Azim Akramul , Maruf Md Al 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) has gained widespread importance in recent time. However, the related issues of security and privacy persist in such IoT networks. Owing to device limitations in terms of computational power and storage, standard protection approaches cannot be deployed. In this article, we propose a lightweight distributed intrusion detection system (IDS) framework, called FCAFE‐BNET (Fog based Context Aware Feature Extraction using BranchyNET). The proposed FCAFE‐BNET approach considers versatile network conditions, such as varying bandwidths and data loads, while allocating inference tasks to cloud/edge resources. FCAFE‐BNET is able to adjust to dynamic network conditions. This can be advantageous for applications with particular quality of service requirements, such as video streaming or real‐time communication, ensuring a steady and reliable performance. Early exit deep neural networks (DNNs) have been employed for faster inference generation at the edge. Often, the weights that the model learns in the initial layer may be sufficiently qualified to perform the required classification tasks. Instead of using subsequent layers of DNNs for generating the inference, we have employed the early‐exit mechanism in the DNNs. Such DNNs help to predict a wide range of testing samples through these early‐exit branches, upon crossing a threshold. This method maintains the confidence values corresponding to the inference. Employing this approach, we achieved a faster inference, with significantly high accuracy. Comparative studies exploit manual feature extraction techniques, that can potentially overlook certain valuable patterns, thus degrading classification performance. The proposed framework converts textual/tabular data into 2‐D images, allowing the DNN model to autonomously learns its own features. This conversion scheme facilitated the identification of various intrusion types, ranging from 5 to 14 different categories. FCAFE‐BNET works for both network‐based and host‐based IDS: NIDS and HIDS. Our experiments demonstrate that, in comparison with recent approaches, FCAFE‐BNET achieves a 39.12%–50.23% reduction in the total inference time on benchmark real‐world datasets, such as: NSL‐KDD, UNSW‐NB 15, ToN_IoT, and ADFA_LD.
Texture Analysis of Hot Rolled Martensitic and Bainitic Steels by Electron Backscatter Diffraction to Quantify Parent Austenite States
Authors: Zisman Alexander A. , Zolotorevsky Nikolay Y. , Petrov Sergey N. 
Published: May 2024

To measure textures of hot rolled martensitic and bainitic steels, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is applied to large areas, each covering about a thousand of prior grains. A scanning step is selected to keep reasonable time of the data acquisition still providing in any grain a significant number of analyzed points. Contributions to the transformation texture appearing from deformation and recrystallization components of the parent texture are estimated with the Bain relationship. To assess the parent austenite state, their proportion is then expressed by a scalar parameter. The results are verified by independent metallographic data. Avoiding the reconstruction of prior grains, this statistical approach will facilitate evaluation of complex austenite structures with comparable fractions of dissimilar material states.
Research on the competitiveness of the Arctic transportation route under the belt and road initiative
Authors: Zhang Man‐Ling , Ding Tian‐Ming , Ding Chao‐Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the continuous improvement of the navigation environment of the Arctic routes, the commercialization potential of the Arctic routes is enhanced, which brings new challenges to the Suez Canal route and the China–Europe railway Express. In addition, geopolitical factors such as the Russia–Ukraine conflict and the Red Sea crisis have also brought some impact on the Eurasian transport pattern. In this context, the future trade and transportation between China and Europe will take on a new pattern. In order to study the transport competition pattern between China and Europe under the opening of the Arctic routes, this article takes into account the time‐value cost of goods and geopolitical factors, constructs a logit competition model, and quantitatively investigates the competitiveness of the Arctic route and the traditional routes of the “Belt and Road Initiative” using major international transportation hub cities in China. The results show that the types of cargo and the level of freight are important factors affecting the competitiveness of Arctic routes. Under the influence of geopolitics, the competitive advantage of the Arctic routes are highlighted.
Enhancing 3D printing sustainability: Reinforcing thermoplastic polyurethane with recycled polyurethane foam for durable applications in orthopedic footwear
Authors: Mohamed Toaa Salama , Nassef Ehssan , Morsy Ashraf , Ewais Hassan A. , Abdel‐Salam Ahmed H. , Morsy Ahmed , Abd El‐Moneim Nabil Mahmoud 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study seeks to advance the realm of 3D printing through the exploration of fabricating polymer matrix composite objects using recycled materials, with a particular emphasis on bolstering durability. Characterization was carried out by integrating polyurethane foam (PUF) residues into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites at different concentrations (ranging from 3% to 10% wt/wt), which are frequently employed in 3D printing. The chemical functions were analyzed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while thermal stability was measured through thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology characterized of the material via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density measurement identified that the surface roughness and void content of the PUF/TPU composite materials was a significant factor affecting the measured mechanical properties. Experimental results indicate that higher PUF content enhances filament properties and the resultant 3D printed products, showcasing a reduction in both the density and melt index of the produced filament by 15.9% and 34.4%, respectively, with the addition of 5% wt./wt. PUF residues to TPU. Additionally, there was a notable increase in Young's modulus of the produced filament by 79.9% and maximum stress by 12.7%, while elongation at break was reduced by 24.9%. Furthermore, the study highlights the sustainability advantages of utilizing recycled PUF, contributing to waste reduction and associated cost savings. Recycled PUF emerges as a cost‐effective additive for synthesizing 3D polymeric materials, holding promise for diverse applications such as orthopedic footwear, leveraging the desirable attributes of TPU.Highlights
Recycled (PUF)/TPU composites for 3D printing, enhancing durability.
PUF content improves filament properties, reducing density and melt index.
Young's modulus and maximum stress of produced filament increases.
Utilizing recycled PUF reduces waste and promises sustainability.
Complete prepotentials of 5d higher rank theories
Authors: Mignosa Francesco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We generalize recent methods regarding the construction of complete prepotentials of five dimensional SCFTs to two classes of rank-N theories, i.e. the X1,N and the UV fixed point of the SU (N + 1)0 + 2(N + 1)F gauge theories. Their complete prepotentials are consistently constructed starting from their weakly coupled descriptions. The results are verified by employing UV dualities and decoupling of flavors from theories with known complete prepotentials. Applications of these results to the recent investigation of non-supersymmetric conformal field theories from soft supersymmetric breaking deformations are addressed.
Non-disjoint strong external difference families can have any number of sets
Authors: Huczynska Sophie , Ng Siaw-Lynn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStrong external difference families (SEDFs) are much-studied combinatorial objects motivated by an information security application. A well-known conjecture states that only one abelian SEDF with more than 2 sets exists. We show that if the disjointness condition is replaced by non-disjointness, then abelian SEDFs can be constructed with more than 2 sets (indeed any number of sets). We demonstrate that the non-disjoint analogue has striking differences to, and connections with, the classical SEDF and arises naturally via another coding application.
Functional implications of NHR-210 enrichment in C. elegans cephalic sheath glia: insights into metabolic and mitochondrial disruptions in Parkinson's disease models
Authors: Hameed Rohil , Naseer Anam , Saxena Ankit , Akbar Mahmood , Toppo Pranoy , Sarkar Arunabh , Shukla Sanjeev K. , Nazir Aamir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlial cells constitute nearly half of the mammalian nervous system's cellular composition. The glia in C. elegans perform majority of tasks comparable to those conducted by their mammalian equivalents. The cephalic sheath (CEPsh) glia, which are known to be the counterparts of mammalian astrocytes, are enriched with two nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs)—NHR-210 and NHR-231. This unique enrichment makes the CEPsh glia and these NHRs intriguing subjects of study concerning neuronal health. We endeavored to assess the role of these NHRs in neurodegenerative diseases and related functional processes, using transgenic C. elegans expressing human alpha-synuclein. We employed RNAi-mediated silencing, followed by behavioural, functional, and metabolic profiling in relation to suppression of NHR-210 and 231. Our findings revealed that depleting nhr-210 changes dopamine-associated behaviour and mitochondrial function in human alpha synuclein-expressing strains NL5901 and UA44, through a putative target, pgp-9, a transmembrane transporter. Considering the alteration in mitochondrial function and the involvement of a transmembrane transporter, we performed metabolomics study via HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy. Remarkably, substantial modifications in ATP, betaine, lactate, and glycine levels were seen upon the absence of nhr-210. We also detected considerable changes in metabolic pathways such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; as well as glyoxalate and dicarboxylate metabolism. In conclusion, the deficiency of the nuclear hormone receptor nhr-210 in alpha-synuclein expressing strain of C. elegans, results in altered mitochondrial function, coupled with alterations in vital metabolite levels. These findings underline the functional and physiological importance of nhr-210 enrichment in CEPsh glia.
Graphical abstract
Avoiding a reproducibility crisis in regulatory toxicology—on the fundamental role of ring trials
Authors: Jacobs Miriam N. , Hoffmann Sebastian , Hollnagel Heli M. , Kern Petra , Kolle Susanne N. , Natsch Andreas , Landsiedel Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ongoing transition from chemical hazard and risk assessment based on animal studies to assessment relying mostly on non-animal data, requires a multitude of novel experimental methods, and this means that guidance on the validation and standardisation of test methods intended for international applicability and acceptance, needs to be updated. These so-called new approach methodologies (NAMs) must be applicable to the chemical regulatory domain and provide reliable data which are relevant to hazard and risk assessment. Confidence in and use of NAMs will depend on their reliability and relevance, and both are thoroughly assessed by validation. Validation is, however, a time- and resource-demanding process. As updates on validation guidance are conducted, the valuable components must be kept: Reliable data are and will remain fundamental. In 2016, the scientific community was made aware of the general crisis in scientific reproducibility—validated methods must not fall into this. In this commentary, we emphasize the central importance of ring trials in the validation of experimental methods. Ring trials are sometimes considered to be a major hold-up with little value added to the validation. Here, we clarify that ring trials are indispensable to demonstrate the robustness and reproducibility of a new method. Further, that methods do fail in method transfer and ring trials due to different stumbling blocks, but these provide learnings to ensure the robustness of new methods. At the same time, we identify what it would take to perform ring trials more efficiently, and how ring trials fit into the much-needed update to the guidance on the validation of NAMs.
Identifying causes and associated factors of stillbirths using autopsy of the fetus and placenta
Authors: Kedar Sade Eliel , Lantsberg Daniel , Tagar Sar-el Moriel , Gefen Sheizaf , Gafner Michal , Katorza Eldad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed to evaluate the causes of death and associated factors in cases of stillbirth, using post-mortem examination and applying a rigorous, evidence-based holistic approach.

Methods
Our retrospective observational study included cases of autopsy following stillbirth that occurred at our tertiary medical center during a period of 8 years. Detailed up-to-date criteria that incorporate clinical reports, medical history, prenatal imaging, and histopathological findings were used to evaluate the cause of death and associated factors.

Results
After applying our proposed methodology, 138 cases of stillbirth were classified into eight categories based on the causes of death. A definitive cause of death was observed in 100 (72%) cases, while 38 (28%) cases were considered unexplained. The leading cause of death was placental lesions (n = 39, 28%) with maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) lesions being the most common (54%). Ascending infection was the second most common cause of fetal death (n = 24, 17%) and was often seen in the setting of preterm labor and cervical insufficiency.

Conclusion
The largest category of cause of death was attributed to placental pathology. Using rigorous detailed up-to-date criteria that incorporate pathological and clinical factors may help in objectively classifying the cause of death.
Long-term neurological outcomes of offspring misdiagnosed with fetal growth restriction
Authors: Snir Amir , Zamstein Omri , Wainstock Tamar , Sheiner Eyal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major determinant of adverse short- and long-term perinatal outcomes. The current definition of FGR (estimated fetal weight measurement < 10th percentile) may lead, at times, to a false diagnosis of fetuses that are eventually born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Our objective was to investigate the potential association between a misdiagnosis of antepartum fetal growth restriction and long-term neurological outcomes in offspring.

Study design
A population-based cohort analysis was performed including deliveries between the years 1991–2020 in a tertiary medical center. We compared neurological hospitalization during childhood among AGA infants falsely diagnosed as FGR versus AGA infants without a false FGR diagnosis. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to assess cumulative morbidity and a Cox proportional hazards model was employed to control for confounders.

Results
During the study period, 324,620 AGA infants met the inclusion criteria; 3249 of them were falsely classified as FGR. These offspring had higher rates of hospitalizations due to various neurological conditions, as compared to those without an FGR diagnosis (OR 1.431, 95% CI 1.278–1.608; P < 0.001). In addition, cumulative hospitalization incidence was elevated in the FGR group (log-rank P-value < 0.001). When controlling for confounders, a false FGR diagnosis remained independently associated with long-term neurological morbidities (adjusted HR 1.086, 95% CI 1.003–1.177, P = 0.043).

Conclusion
Misdiagnosis of FGR in the antepartum period is associated with an increased risk for offspring long-term neurological morbidities.
What we see is what we touch? Sex estimation on the skull in virtual anthropology
Authors: Braun Sandra , Schwendener Nicole , Kanz Fabian , Lösch Sandra , Milella Marco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The increased use of virtual bone images in forensic anthropology requires a comprehensive study on the observational errors between dry bones and CT reconstructions. Here, we focus on the consistency of nonmetric sex estimation traits on the human skull.

Materials and methods
We scored nine nonmetric traits on dry crania and mandibles (n = 223) of archaeological origin and their CT reconstructions. Additionally, we 3D surface scanned a subsample (n = 50) and repeated our observations. Due to the intricate anatomy of the mental eminence, we split it into two separate traits: the bilateral mental tubercles and the midsagittal mental protuberance. We provide illustrations and descriptions for both these traits.

Results
We obtained supreme consistency values between the CT and 3D surface modalities. The most consistent cranial traits were the glabella and the supraorbital margin, followed by the nuchal crest, zygomatic extension, mental tubercles, mental protuberance, mental eminence, mastoid process and ramus flexure, in descending order. The mental tubercles show higher consistency scores than the mental eminence and the mental protuberance.

Discussion
The increased interchangeability of the virtual modalities with each other as compared to the dry bone modality could be due to the lack of tactility on both the CT and surface scans. Moreover, tactility appears less essential with experience than a precise trait description. Future studies could revolve around the most consistent cranial traits, combining them with pelvic traits from a previous study, to test for accuracy.