bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Dopamine and Dobutamine on the Cardiovascular Depression During a Standard Halothane Anaesthesia in Dorsally Recumbent, Ventilated Ponies
Authors: Gasthuys F. , de Moor A. , Parmentier D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe influence of different rates of dopamine and dobutamine on the cardiovascular depression during a standard halothane anaesthesia was studied in dorsally recumbent ventilated ponies. Haemodynamic and respiratory responses were investigated by means of cardiac output (CO) determination (thermodilution technique), mean systemic (MAP) and pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) (direct intravascular method) and arterial blood analysis (blood gases and packed cell volume).An important cardiopulmonary depression characterized by decreases (55% of the standing values) in CO, cardiac index (CI), MAP, MPAP and other cardiovascular related parameters occurred in the dorsally recumbent anaesthetized ponies after a stabilization period of 30 minutes.Dopamine at 2 different infusion rates (2.5 and 5.0 μg/kg/min) induced few changes of the cardiopulmonary parameters (non‐significant increases in MAP, CI, left ventricle work [LVW], stroke volume [SV]; non‐significant decrease in total peripheral resistance [TPR]). Several minor time related influences were also observed (increases in MPAP and total pulmonary resistance [TpR]). Arterial blood gases did not change during the different dopamine infusions.Low doses of dobutamine (1.25 μg/kg/min) were efficient to counteract the cardiovascular depression. Significant increases in CO, CI, MAP, MPAP and SV were observed. TPR and TpR tended to decrease but non‐significantly. Heart rate and blood gases remained constant.The higher doses of dobutamine (2.5 and 5.0 μg/kg/min) accentuated these changes but a significant increase in heart rate with even periods of severe tachycardia and an increase of the packed cell volume were also observed.Apparently, low doses of dobutamine were indicated for the management of the cardiovascular depression during anaesthesia in the dorsally recumbent ventilated horse.
Auswirkung von Ketamin und dessen Kombinationen mit Xylazin und Climazolam auf Kreislauf und Atmung beim Schwein
Authors: Ganter M. , Kanngiesser Marion 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCardiopulmonary Responses to Ketamine‐HCl and its Combinations with Xylazine and with Climazolam in SwineThe cardiopulmonary effects of 15 mg ketamine/kg b. wt. and 15 mg ketamine/kg in combination with 1 mg climazolam/kg b.wt. or in combination with 18.5 mg Xylazin/kg b. wt. were tested after intramuscular injection in 17 pigs. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, arterial pH, pO2, pCO2, lactate in venous blood and body temperature were evaluated over a period of 2 hours. The activities of CK and ASAT in blood plasma were measured until 24 hours after the injections. There was little influence on heart rate and blood pressure after ketamine alone and also after one of the two combinations. Ketamine produced a tachypnoe which was seen to a smaller extent also following injection of combinations of the drugs. This tachypnoe produced a slight respiratory alcalosis. The metabolic acidosis, indicated by increasing lactate levels, occurring initially and during the recovery period was largely compensated by the respiratory alcalosis. The increased levels of CK and ASAT are explained by the destruction of muscle tissue at the locus of the injection.ZusammenfassungAn insgesamt 17 Schweinen wurden die Auswirkungen von 15 mg Ketamin/kg KGW sowie von 15 mg Ketamin/kg KGW kombiniert mit 1 mg Climazolam/kg KGW oder mit 18,5 mg Xylazin/kg KGW nach intramuskulärer Injektion auf Kreislauf und Atmung überprüft. Hierzu wurden über eine Dauer von 2 Stunden Herzfrequenz, Blutdruck, Atemfrequenz, pH, pO2, pCO2, Plasmalaktatgehalt und die rektale Körpertemperatur kontrolliert. Darüber hinaus wurden die Enzymaktivitäten von CK und ASAT über einen Zeitraum von 24 Stunden nach der Injektion ermittelt. Die Auswirkungen auf die Herzfrequenz und den Blutdruck sind sowohl nach Ketamin allein als auch nach Anwendung der beiden Kombinationen geringfügig. Dagegen führt Ketamin und in geringerem Maße auch die Wirkung der beiden Kombinationen zu einer Tachypnoe, aus der eine leichte respiratorische Alkalose resultiert. Diese überdeckt die initial und während der Aufwachphase auftretende geringgradige metabolische Azidose weitgehend. Das Ansteigen der Enzyme CK und ASAT läßt sich durch die lokale Zerstörung von Muskelfasern als Folge der Injektion erklären.
Influences of Diet, Short‐Chain Fatty Acids, Lactate and Chloride on Bicarbonate Movement across the Reticulo‐Rumen Wall of Sheep
Authors: Gäbel PrG. , Bestmann Maren , Martens H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInfluences of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), chloride or lactate on net bicarbonate movement were determined in the temporarily isolated and washed reticulo‐rumen of sheep used to 100 % hay or 81 % concentrate diets. Replacement of SCFA by gluconate and mannitol reversed net bicarbonate secretion into net absorption. The reversal of net bicarbonate movement could not be prevented by presence of D/L‐lactate. Replacement of chloride in addition to replacement of SCFA enhanced net absorption of bicarbonate. Feeding concentrate diets resulted in an elevation of net bicarbonate secretion and of net SCFA absorption. It is concluded that under the conditions tested net bicarbonate secretion mainly depends on the luminal presence of SCFA. Furthermore, bicarbonate secretion into the reticulo‐rumen may be an important factor for alkalizing the rumen contents, especially in sheep adapted to concentrate diets.
Sperm Morphology and Fertility in A. I. Bulls
Authors: Söderquist L. , Janson L. , Larsson K. , Einarsson S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFurty‐seven A. I. bulls between 15 and 26 months of age, were used to study the relationship between sperm morphology in fresh semen and fertility (56‐day non‐return rate) in frozen semen following 11,749 inseminations. The sperm morphology was studied in two freezing operations/bull in a phase‐contrast microscope and morphological abnormalities were recorded as a percentage of the total number of counted spermatozoa. Morphological categories used in this study were abnormal heads, detached heads, nuclear pouches, abnormal acrosomes, proximal cytoplasmic droplets, abnormal midpieces and abnormal tails. The greatest mean value recorded for the investigated categories was found for abnormal heads (3.8%) but the majority of morphological abnormalities only occurred in about 1 % of all studied spermatozoa. Breed effects were found, with a somewhat higher incidence (p ≤ 0.05‐0.01) of sperm abnormalities and poorer fertility among SRB than among SLB bulls. Despite the low frequency of sperm abnormalities, statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05‐0.001) correlations were found between abnormal heads, nuclear pouches and proximal cytoplasmic droplets assessed in fresh semen and fertility (56‐day non‐return rate) of frozen semen.
Confirmation of Estrus Rates by Palpation per Rectum of Genital Organs in Normal Repeat Dairy Cows
Authors: López‐Gatius F. , Camóón‐Urgel J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryData were from 6084 normal repeat to second service cows, visually detected in estrus, in a commercial artificial insemination program on a. m./p. m. schedule. The percentage of cows confirmed in estrus by rectal examination and inseminated after palpation was 96.2. The remainder of the cows were not inseminated and non‐return rate for these cows was 86.9% (150‐day non‐return). In cows confirmed in estrus, the percentage of cows ready for service at palpation was 96.1 and the 150‐day non‐return percentage for these cows (43.9) was different from those cows in which estrus and insemination were considered incorrecdy timed (26.7 %).These results suggest that the efficiency of reproduction in dairy herds may be improved by examination per rectum of the genital organs at insemination as an effective complement to visual detection of estrus.
Nerve Growth Factor‐like Activity Detected in Equine Peripheral Blood after Running Exercise
Authors: Matsuda H. , Koyama H. , Oikawa M. , Yoshihara T. , Kaneko M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAddition of sera, collected from Thoroughbred horses after sprint exercise, induced significant neurite outgrowth from chick embryo dorsal root ganglia after a 24‐hour culture. The nerve growth factor (NGF)‐like activity was detected in sera collected immediately, or 1 hour or more, after the exercise. These findings suggest a possible role of serum NGF‐like activity under stress conditions (running exercise) of horses.
Untersuchungen zum Cu‐Mangel beim wachsenden Hund
Authors: Zentek J. , Dämmrich K. , Meyer H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigations on Copper Deficiency in Growing DogsIt was the aim of the investigation to evaluate the influence of marginal (60‐30 μg/kg BW/d) or adequate (680‐360 μg/kg BW/d) Cu‐intake on the development of growing beagles (n = 10) and the incidence of skeletal diseases. Low Cu‐intake (6 dogs) reduced Cu‐concentrations in plasma (1.4 vs. 9.7 μmol/l), hair (3.3–4.5 vs. 12.6–14.5 mg/kg DM), liver (19 vs. 246 mg/kg fat free DM), bile (0.28 vs. 7.04 mg/l), and other samples significantly. Hemoglobin and packed cell volume decreased after 4 months of depletion (normochromic anemia). First clinical signs of Cu‐deficiency were depigmentation and greying of hair, followed by hyperextensions in the distal forelegs.After necropsy deformations of the long bones were seen more frequently in the depleted animals, without distinct alterations of the microstructure or chemical composition of bones or tendons.ZusammenfassungIn den Untersuchungen sollte die Wirkung einer marginalen (60‐30 μg/kg LM/d) bzw. ausreichenden (680‐360 μg/kg LM/d) Cu‐Zufuhr bei wachsenden Beagles (n = 10) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Skelettes geprüft werden. Die niedrige Cu‐Versorgung (6 Hunde) führte zu signifikant reduzierten Cu‐Gehalten in Plasma (1,4 vs. 9,7 μOl/l), Haaren (3,3–4,5 vs. 12,6–14,5 mg/kg TS), Leber (19 vs. 246 mg/kg ffr. TS), Galle (28 vs. 704 μg/dl) und anderen Substraten sowie nach rd. 4monatiger Depletion zu verminderten Hb‐ und Hämatokritwerten (normochrome Anämie). Klinisch wurde zunächst eine Depigmentierung der Haare, später auch Durchtrittigkeit an den distalen Vordergliedmaßen festgestellt.In der Mangelgruppe traten gehäuft Deformationen der langen Röhrenknochen auf, ohne daß eindeutige Veränderungen der Mikrostruktur oder chemischen Zusammensetzung von Knochen oder Sehnen vorlagen.
Evaluation of Triflupromazine as a Sedative in Camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Peshin P. K. , Sharifi Davood , Patil D. B. , Singh Sheela , Singh Harcharan , Singh Jit , Singh A. P. , Murthy D. K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEffects of administration of triflupromazine were evaluated in 11 adult domesticated camels (Camelus dromedarius) weighing 403 ± 29.5 kg (Mean ± SE). Six camels were used to evaluate sedative properties of the drug and its effects on haematological and blood biochemical parameters. In the remaining 5 camels, effects on haemodynamics, acid base status and blood gases were studied. In all the animals triflupromazine was administered intramuscularly in the gluteal region at the rate of 2 mg/ kg. Camels voluntarily sat down 48.9 ± 5.4 min after administration of the drug but stood up again if disturbed. Drowsiness, drooping of lower lip and salivation were evident. The animals stood on their own and started walking with ataxia after 159 ± 7 min and recovered completely from the effect of drug within 259 ± 23 min. The drug caused a significant tachycardia and a moderate hypotension. The decrease in central venous pressure was also significant. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, acid base status, blood gases, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, differential leukocyte count, blood urea nitrogen, plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, blood glucose and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride and inorganic phosphate were not significantly affected by triflupromazine.
Embryonic Development of the Porcine Indifferent Gonad and Testis
Authors: Hurst M. , Dalin A.‐M. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe early gonadal development in the pig from day 18 to day 36 post conception, when distinct testes were present in male embryos, has been studied. The development of the porcine gonad followed the general mammalian pattern. During testicular differentiation, the germ cells and the relevant somatic cells, the Sertoli cells, became enclosed in testicular cords, thus creating an intracordal germ cell compartment and an extracordal compartment. The development of conspicuous cell junctions and the production of a basal lamina were evident in the Sertoli cells during the early testis development. Their origin in this species remains unclear.
Adenome des Irispigmentepithels mit Endothelialisation und Descemetisation beim Pferd
Authors: Daicker B. , Gywat L. , Keller M. , Spiess B. , Brückner R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAdenomas of the Iris Pigment Epithelium with Endothelialization and Descemetization in a HorseThe authors describe peculiar tumors with brown‐white piebald anterior surface, which had grown bilaterally from the corpora nigra (C. N.) of an adult horse and occluded the pupils. The surgical procedure for removing the larger tumor and the postoperative treatment are described. The findings by light and electron microscopy suggest that the tumor represents a so‐called adenoma of the iris pigment epithelium. The white patches on its surface consist of newly formed Descemet‐like material produced by displaced corneal endothelial cells, which have probably grown on the tumor after contact with the posterior face of the cornea.ZusammenfassungAn beiden Corpora nigra (C. N.) eines erwachsenen Pferdes bildeten sich bisher nicht beschriebene, oberflächlich braun‐weiß gescheckte Tumoren, die zur Pupillenokklusion führten. Die operative Entfernung der größeren Geschwulst und die Nachbehandlung werden dargestellt. Aufgrund der lichtmikroskopischen und ultrastrukturellen Befunde wird der Tumor als sog. Adenom des Irispigmentepithels interpretiert. Die weißen Flecken auf seiner Vorderfläche stellen Descemet‐artige Ablagerungen von ektopischem Hornhautendothel dar. Dieses ist wahrscheinlich bei Kontakt mit der Cornearückfläche auf den Tumor gewachsen.Danksagung: Dem Labor für Rasterelektronenmikroskopie der Universität Basel (Prof. R. Guggenheim, D. Mathys), Frau R. van den Broek, Frl. S. Locher und Frau G. Bachmann danken wir für die histotechnische, Frau Telani für die photographische und Frau S. Sommer für die administrative Mithilfe.
Concurrent Conjunctivitis and Placentitis in Aborted Bovine Fetuses
Authors: Murray R. D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryConsistent histopathological lesions were found in 10 out of 136 aborted fetuses examined during a three year period, using a multi‐disciplinary diagnostic investigation technique. Fetuses exhibited a generalized mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, accompanied by distinctive lesions of conjunctival hyperplasia and goblet cell formation, alveolitis, and necrotic placentitis. In two cases where amnion was also examined, a chronic amnionitis was present. No consistent laboratory findings could be related to these cases.The fetal and placental lesions described were similar to those associated with experimental inoculation ofUreaplasma diversumin pregnant cows, and with field isolations of the same organism in aborting cattle.
Profiles of Some Clinical Chemical Parameters in Growing Dwarf and Landrace Kids
Authors: Mbassa G. K. , Pouxsen J. S. D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPlasma creatinine, urea, bilirubin, glucose, cholesterol, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, inorganic phosphorus and total serum proteins were analyzed in kids of Dwarf and Danish Landrace breeds from birth to 12 months of age. The purpose was to determine the reference ranges, age profiles and the influence of other factors. Comparisons between parametric (mean ± standard deviation) and the corresponding nonparametric (5th and 95th percentile, median) values were calculated for each parameter, the results of which indicated no apparent differences. The levels were very much dependent on age. Creatinine, urea and total serum protein levels increased gradually with age. Glucose and cholesterol levels were high at birth and then decreased with age. The electrolyte concentrations were maintained within narrow limits. Significant differences were observed between kids of different ages (within the breeds), breeds (within similar age) and herds (within the same age and breed). Differences between female and male Landrace kids of the same ages were observed in plasma urea, creatinine, glucose and total serum proteins. It is concluded that age has a major influence on the clinical chemical reference values in young goats, followed by herd and breed, but the influence of sex was small and is negligible in most parameters.
Origin and Significance of Acetylcholine and Choline in Plasma and Serum from Normal and Paretic Cows
Authors: Axelsson S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBefore the onset of bovine paresis a stage of hyperactivity and hypersensitivity was observed in clinical as well as in immunologically provoked cases. By gas chromatographic analysis of choline (Ch) in plasma and serum from four immunologically provoked cows this stage was verified to be an initial immunocholinergic hyperactivation. In the first hour after antigen challenge with 0.5 mg nematode AChE there was a very sharp rise in Ch mainly from agonist‐stimulated and phospholipase mediated phosphatidylcholine (PC) breakdown. A secondary massive influx of Ca into cells was mirrored in a 1 mmol/l depression of serum‐Ca values during the first hours. The hyperagonism mediated Ca‐translocation brought water into cells, resulting in reduced plasma volume. The generally supposed mechanism of secondary, Ca‐mediated cell damage and cell death was initiated and sometimes resulted in “Downers” with persisting paralysis. All acetylcholine (ACh)‐stimulated parts from CNS to the periphery are irregularily involved explaining the very varied clinical appearence of bovine paresis, and the influence on for instance the autonomous nerve system, adrenals and pancreas.In the experimental group, ACh in plasma showed a sharp fall within the first hour, while there were fairly constant values of serum‐ACh in the first four hours, possibly indicating some antibody protection. When paresis was established between 15–28 hours after challenge the general anergetic state was characterised by low ACh‐levels.Also in a larger field group ACh‐levels were significantly depressed in paretic compared to healthy cows. The unexpected finding in this group was considerably higher levels of ACh and especially Ch in serum compared to plasma. The origin of ACh and Ch had to be blood cells. Preliminary gaschromatographic analysis has confirmed ACh‐synthesis by leucocytes and an integrated immuno‐cholinergic system of great importance can be anticipated.The general feature of bovine paresis is updated by immune‐etiological, pathophysiological, blood chemical, clinical‐experimental and nomenclature considerations.The exact mechanism of pathogenesis is not revealed in this investigation, though many circumstances favour an anti‐Id mediated hyperagonism. Other types of investigations and above all more basic knowledge of distribution and functional character of cholinergic components on immune cells are required.
The Effects of Intramuscularly Administered Vitamin D3, 25‐ and 1α‐Hydroxycholecalciferol in Cows on Plasma Mineral Content, Plasma 25‐Hydroxycholecalciferol and on Mineral Deposits in Soft Tissues
Authors: Zepperitz H. , Jahreis G. , Kiupel H. , Hesse V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe investigations were carried out to evaluate potential side effects of a prophylaxis with high doses of vitamin D3 and vitamin D metabolites in parturient paresis.For this reason, 107 IU vitamin D3 (= 250 mg), 4 mg 25‐OHD3 or 420 μg 1α‐OHD3 were applied to non‐gravid dairy cows at the end of lactation. The application was repeated 3 times at one week intervals and the changes of the mineral concentration and 25‐OHD were measured in the plasma. The pathomorphological changes in the cardio‐vascular system and other organs were examined macro‐and microscopically.The application of vitamin D3 and 25‐OHD3 led to an immediate and continuous increase of the 25‐OHD concentration in the plasma. On the other hand, administration of 1α‐OHD3 resulted in a decrease of the 25‐OHD level. After the application of vitamin D3 and 1α‐OHD3, the Ca and Pi concentration increased significantly. After 25‐OHD3, the Ca concentration decreased below the initial level in the second week. The administration of all 3 compounds led to a significant decrease of the Mg concentration after the first injection.The administration of vitamin D3 and 1α‐OHD3 resulted in a significantly more pronounced calcinosis of inner organs while after the application of 25‐OHD3 only occasionally calcium deposits were observed in the vascular system.
Bone Biopsy in the Horse: 1. Method Using the Wing of Ilium
Authors: Savage C. J. , Jeffcott L. B. , Melsfn F. , ØStblom L. C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo hundred and five bone biopsies from the wing of ilium were taken from 52 growing and 70 older horses. The method was initially evaluated in 4 horses at post mortem and then performed in 26 horses under general anaesthesia. The technique was later developed for biopsying horses in the standing position under local anaesthesia (n = 70 adults; n = 22 foals). The core of the bone biopsy consisted of a central cancellous portion between two cortices. This type of sample allowed a complete histomorphometrical analysis. An integral part of the procedure was intravital bone labelling using fluorochromes with a known interval between labels. Potential hazards associated with the use of Oxytetracycline labels included the onset of diarrhoea and laminitis in some foals.The method was simple, safe and efficient for both anaesthetised and standing horses. The only difficulties encountered were minor and were associated with blunting of the drill bit, scoring of the internal surface of the drill bit guide and occasional loss of the distal part of the biopsy core. Post operative complications included haematoma formation and skin infections. It was concluded that this technique offered a quick and effective method of collecting bone biopsies in horses, which facilitated the quantitative assessment of skeletal changes.