bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absorption from Iron Tablets Given with Different Types of Meals
Authors: Hallberg L. , Björn‐Rasmussen E. , Ekenved G. , Garby L. , Rossander L. , Pleehachinda R. , Suwanik R. , Arvidsson B. 
Published: August 2010

The absorption of iron from tablets given with 5 types of meals was studied in 153 subjects. The meals were: a hamburger meal with beans and potatoes, a simple breakfast meal, a Latin American meal composed of black beans, rice and maize and two Southeast Asian meals composed of rice, vegetables and spices served with and without fish. The groups were directly compared by relating the absorption from the iron tablets to the absorption from a standardized reference dose of iron given on an empty stomach.The composition of meals with respect to content of meat or fish or the presence of large amounts of phytates seemed to have no influence on the absorption of iron from tablets. The absorption from iron tablets was about 40% higher when they were given with rice meals than when they were given with the other meals studied. The average decrease in absorption by meals was about 50–60 % based on a comparison when‐tablets were given on an empty stomach. When tablets from which the iron was released more slowly were used, the absorption increased by about 30 % except when they were given with rice meals, where the absorption was unchanged. The differences among the meals in their effect on the absorption of iron from tablets thus disappeared when the slow‐release tablets were given.
Surface Membrane Characteristics of Cells from Human Acute Monocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Parker A. C. , Dewar A. E. , Wilson C. D. , Young S. , Stuart A. E. 
Published: August 2010

The clinical and laboratory features of 4 patients with acute monocytic leukaemia are described. Surface membrane receptor studies of these patients have shown increasing strength of receptor expression occurs with increasing morphological maturity of the monocyte. In addition, the study shows that expression of membrane receptors can vary from patient to patient and also with time and treatment in an individual patient.A further finding has been the loss of positivity with specific anti‐monocytc serum when the disease becomes refractory to therapy.
Folate Concentration in Top, Middle and Bottom Layer of Packed Red Cells in Patients with Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Relation to Treatment
Authors: Magnus Erik M. 
Published: August 2010

In response to specific treatment of vitamin B12 deficient, anaemic patients there is an influx of folate into the young, circulating red cells.To separate new and old cells, capillary tubes filled with whole blood were centrifuged and the packed red cell column divided into top (T), middle (M) and bottom (B) layer. The newest cells are found in the T layer.The increase in red cell folate (RCF) concentration starts before, during or after the reticulocyte response, and is therefore not directly related to folate metabolism in the red precursor cells in the marrow. The low RCF concentration at the peak of the reticulocyte response in some of the cases demonstrates that the folate material, which may have been accumulated in the red precursor cells in the marrow, may be lost by the time the red cells enter the peripheral blood.The influx of folate into the young, circulating red cells is rapidly followed by an efflux of folate, suggesting that much of the folate material is still in the monoglutamate form. A new influx of folate is noted after a time lapse of from 5 to 10 d. Iron deficiency seems to prevent the uptake of folate by the circulating red cells.
Pseudothrombocytopenia
Authors: Manthorpe R. , Kofod B. , Wiik A. , Saxtrup O. , Svehag S.‐E. 
Published: August 2010

In a prospective 9 month study at a medical department with special interest in immunology and rheumatology, 10 patients with spuriously low thrombocyte counts ‐ pseudothrombocytopenia ‐ were registered.The phenomenon was observed when the counting of platelets was performed on a Thrombocounter C apparatus or by manual counting using K2EDTA stabilized blood since platelet agglutination was considerably less pronounced when solutio citratis glucosi fortis (ACD) was used as the anticoagulant.Results of our in vitro studies indicate that the mechanisms contributing to pseudothrombocytopenia involve the interacton of circulating immune complexes with platelet membrane Fc receptors causing agglutination. Fab'2‐fragments of isolated patient IgG did not react with normal donor thrombocytes. This finding argues against agglutination due to true antiplatelet antibody activity.
Better understanding of digital photography for skin color measurement: With a special emphasis on light characteristics
Authors: Seo Soo Hong , Kim Jae Hwan , Kim Ji Woong , Kye Young Chul , Ahn Hyo Hyun 
Published: August 2010

Background/Aim: Digital photography can be used to measure skin color colorimetrically when combined with proper techniques. To better understand the settings of digital photography for the evaluation and measurement of skin colors, we used a tungsten lamp with filters and the custom white balance (WB) function of a digital camera.Materials and methods: All colored squares on a color chart were photographed with each original and filtered light, analyzed into CIELAB coordinates to produce the calibration method for each given light setting, and compared statistically with reference coordinates obtained using a reflectance spectrophotometer. They were summarized as to the typical color groups, such as skin colors. We compared these results according to the fixed vs. custom WB of a digital camera.Results: The accuracy of color measurement was improved when using light with a proper color temperature conversion filter. The skin colors from color charts could be measured more accurately using a fixed WB. In vivo measurement of skin color was easy and possible with our method and settings.Conclusion: The color temperature conversion filter that produced daylight‐like light from the tungsten lamp was the best choice when combined with fixed WB for the measurement of colors and acceptable photographs.
The relationship between elastase and lactoferrin in healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites
Authors: Murray MC , Mooney J , Kinane DF 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To compare the relative amounts of elastase (primary polymorphonuclear leucocyte granule constituent) and lactoferrin (secondary PMN granule constituent) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites.DESIGN: This cross‐sectional study looked at the two GCF constituents in three categories of disease status within the same subject.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with chronic adult periodontitis were screened and those exhibiting all three types of sites ie periodontally healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites were recruited (n = 10) and had GCF collected from the three sites. Lactoferrin and elastase were measured in eluates of GCF by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: The absolute amount of lactoferrin measured in ng per 30 s samples was significantly lower in healthy and gingivitis sites as compared to periodontitis sites however this difference failed to reach significance when the concentration of lactoferrin in GCF was used as the analytical unit. No significant differences were found for elastase levels at any sites when expressed as either absolute amounts or concentrations. Secondary granule release, as evidenced by lactoferrin levels, occurs during cell migration and the process is independent of primary granule release, which is thought to correlate with PMN activation. The relationship between granule constituents in the samples showed significant differences, the highest lactoferrinlelastase ratio being at periodontitis sites (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS These findings imply a change in the relative amounts of elastase and lactoferrin released at different disease level sites, with an almost 10‐fold increase in the proportion of lactoferrin to elastase in periodontitis sites over healthy and gingivitis sites. This variation in the release by PMNs of primary and secondary granule constituents may indicate alterations in PMN function in different disease environments.
Knowledge of and attitudes about blood‐borne viruses and infection control in Brazilian dental practice
Authors: Jorge J , Jorge R , Almeida OP , Scully C 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there were any recent changes in hepatitis B immunisation of dental staff, infection control or understanding of viral infections in Brazilian dentists.DESIGN: A randomised survey was conducted on 740 dentists attending the National Dental Congress in Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1994.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The 740 dentists were questioned as to the presence of various viruses in saliva, the perceived risks of dental staff and long‐term sequelae, the availability and uptake of vaccines, willingness to treat virus‐infected persons, and means of infection control. Nearly 69% of respondents were female dentists, of mean age 30 years. Results were compared with a similar survey from 1990.RESULTS: Most respondents knew that HIV and hepatitis viruses could appear in saliva and almost all knew of infective risks from hepatitis B (HBV), and the availability of the vaccine. Less than half knew of the association of HBV with liver cancer. There was a four‐fold increase in those vaccinated against HBV since the low figure of 9% in 1990. Nearly two‐thirds of respondents perceived an occupational risk to dental staff from HIV, and a similar proportion were also unwilling to treat virus‐infected persons. A similar proportion also used chemical disinfection for some dental instruments.CONCLUSIONS: The results show little improvement over a 4‐year period except a much greater proportion of dentists were immunised against HBV. However, still only one third of dentists had been vaccinated, in a country with a high prevalence of infection in the general population.
The periodontal health of homosexual men with HIV infection: a controlled study
Authors: Robinson PG , Sheiham A , Challacombe SJ , Zakrzewska JM 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE Identify types, prevalence and severity of periodontal changes associated with HIV infection. DESIGN: Cross‐sectional controlled blinded study. SETTING: Open access genito‐urinary medicine clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 794 homosexual men aged 18–65.OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence, extent and severity of probing attachment loss (PAL), pocketing, gingival ulceration, gingivitis, bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival red bands and diffuse and punctate erythema of the attached gingiva (selected a priori).RESULTS: Prevalences in men with (n = 312) and without HIV (n = 260) were: PAL (≥l site ≥4 mm), 59.6% and 28.5% respectively (P < 0.001. x2); pocketing (≥1 site ≥4 mm) 51.0% and 31.9% (P < 0.001); BOP, 96.5% and 92.3% (P = 0.038); gingival ulceration. 3.2% and 1.0% (P = 0.031), red banding, 12.2% and 10.0% (P = 0.410); diffuse erythema, 12.5% and 3.1% (P < 0.001) and punctate erythema, 9.6% and 1.1% (P < 0.001). Decreased CD4 lymphocyte counts predicted the presence, extent and severity of PAL (P = 0.023, 0.027 and 0.060) but not pocketing. Oral candidiasis predicted the extent and severity of gingivitis and the presence of diffuse and punctate erythema (P = 0.037, 0.011, 0.002 and <0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Destruction of periodontal attachment is associated with progression of HIV disease whereas pocketing is associated with HIV infection but not disease progression. Gingival ulceration is associated with HIV but gingivitis and erythema of the attached gingiva are most strongly associated with oral candidiasis. Gingival red bands were not associated with HIV infection.
Disseminated histoplasmosis with orofacial involvement in HIV‐1‐infected patients with AIDS: manifestations and treatment
Authors: Casariego Z. , Kelly G Rey , Perez H. , Cahn P. , Guelfan L. , Kaufman S. , Scully C. 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTION: Histoplasmosis is a deep mycosis which is increasingly seen in HIV disease. It has emerged as a relatively common infection in Argentina, mainly in HIV‐infected and other immunocompromised persons, and is often disseminated (DH).OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe 32 HIV‐1‐seropositive patients with AIDS who had DH, 21 of whom presented orofacial manifestations, and their treatment.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 876 HIV‐seropositive patients revealed 32 with a clinical diagnosis of DH confirmed by special stains on histo‐pathologic specimens, or by culture.RESULTS: Thirty‐two HIV‐infected patients had DH. Two‐thirds (21 patients) had oral lesions of histoplasmosis, of which six presented with oral cavity (OC) lesions as the sole orofacial manifestation of disease, nine patients presented oral and facial (OF) lesions and six presented facial lesions only. A unique case of submandibular histoplasmosis is also reported. Antifungal therapy cleared more than 90% of the orofacial and disseminated lesions of histoplasmosiS. Over the 7‐year period there was a mortality of 85%.CONCLUSION: DH should be considered as a possible diagnosis in HIV patients with chronic ulcerative or nodular orofacial or oral lesionS. Itraconazole is an effective and acceptable therapy.
Oral manifestations of HIV in a southeast USA population
Authors: Patton LL , McKaig RG , Strauss RP , Jr JJ Eron 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Examine variations in oral manifestations of HIV by gender, race, risk behaviors, substance use and immune status in a previously unstudied population in the southeast region of the USA.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional analytic study.SETTING: Academic medical center, North Carolina, USA.SUBJECTS: First 238 HIV‐infected adults (76% male; 59% Black) enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study.METHODS: Oral examination, medical chart review, sociodemographic and behavioral interview. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses.OUTCOMES: Presence of oral manifestations of HIV.RESULTS: 50% had recent CD4 counts <200 cells pM, 48% had one or more oral lesion. Specific lesion prevalence: hairy leukoplakia (OHL) 26.5%; candidiasis (OC) 20%; HIV‐associated periodontal diseases (HIV‐PD) 8.8%; aphthae 4.2%; papillomas 2.5%; herpes simplex 2.1%; HIV salivary gland disease 2.1%; Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) 1.7%; other 1.3%. In bivariate analyses, OHL was associated with being male, White, having a CD4 <200, and men who have sex with men (MSM); OC was associated with CD4 <200 and current smoking; HIV‐PD was associated with consumption of more than seven alcohol‐containing drinks per week; KS was associated with being male and MSM. Significant variables in multivariable analysis for presence of any oral lesion were White, CD4 <200, and more than seven drinks/week; for OHL were male and CD4 <200; and for OC were White, CD4 <200, current smoking, and not MSM.CONCLUSIONS: MSM were at increased risk for KS and OHL, not OC, while smokers were at increased risk of OC. OC, OHL, and any oral lesion were associated with immune suppression. OHL was more likely in males independent of CD4 count.
High malignant transformation rate of widespread multiple oral leukoplakias
Authors: Saito T. , Sugiura C. , Hirai A. , Notani K. , Totsuka Y. , Shindoh M. , Kohgo T. , Fukuda H. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken in order to investigate clinicopathologic characteristics and malignant potential of widespread multiple oral leukoplakias.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present study includes 12 patients with widespread multiple leukoplakias (widespread patients) and 99 with localized lesions (localized patients), and all patients were followed for more than 6 months with the mean follow‐up period of 4 years.RESULTS: Gingiva and tongue were the major affected sites of leukoplakias in the localized patients, whereas gingiva and buccal mucosa were predominantly affected in the widespread patients. The rate of developing carcinoma was significantly (P < 0.02) higher in the widespread patients (3/12) than in the localized patients (5/99), although there was no significant difference in the rate of dysplastic lesions between these groups.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the widespread leukoplakias have a higher potential for the development of carcinoma than do the localized lesions.
Periodontal status in patients with oral lichen planus: a study of 90 cases
Authors: Ramón‐Fluixá C. , Bagán‐Sebastián JV , Milián‐Masanet MA , Scully C. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to relate periodontal status to the oral lesions in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periodontal status was evaluated in 90 patients with OLP and in 52 controls, in terms of the plaque index (PII), simplified calculus index (CIS) and periodontal disease index (PDI).RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two groups as regards the different periodontal indices. The plaque and calculus indices were higher in the more extensive forms of OLP (P= 0.02 and P= 0.012, respectively), and in the presence of gingival involvement (P= 0.004 and P= 0.04).A significant association was also observed between the presence of atrophic‐erosive lesions and increased periodontal deterioration (P= 0.037).CONCLUSIONS: Increased plaque and calculus deposits are associated to a significantly higher incidence of atrophic‐erosive gingival lesions in patients with OLP.
p53 and MDM2 expression in odontogenic cysts and tumours
Authors: Carvalhais JN , de Aguiar MCF , de Araújo VC , de Araújo NS , Gomez RS 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this report was to assess p53 and MDM2 expression in odontogenic cysts and tumours, as they are known to play important roles in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of p53 and MDM2 proteins was determined immunohistochemically in 51 formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded specimens of odontogenic cysts and tumours.RESULTS: No positivity to p53 was found in the cases studied. MDM2 expression in ameloblastoma was higher than in radicular cysts, but lower than that observed in odontogenic keratocysts. No difference was observed between MDM2 expression in radicular cyst and adenomatoid odontogenic tumour. The clear‐cell odontogenic ameloblastoma presented strong immunoreaction to this antigen.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that MDM2 over‐expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of some odontogenic lesions.
Cytotoxicity of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and related compounds and their interaction with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes as a model for biomembranes
Authors: Fujisawa S. , Atsumi T. , Kadoma Y. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the potential mechanism of action of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and related compounds to membranes of living cells, compared with their interaction with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes as a model for biological membranes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: For (meth)acrylates, MMA, ethyl acrylate(EA), n‐butyl acrylate (BA) and n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) and for living cells, primary human gingival fibroblast (HGF), human submandibular gland adenocarcinoma cell line (HSG) and human erythrocytes were used. The physicochemical changes in DPPC liposomes induced by (meth)acrylates were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).RESULTS: Cytotoxicity decreased as follows: BA>BMA>EA>MMA.Changes in phase transition properties (temperature Tm, enthalpy ΔH and Height/Half‐Height Width (H/HHW) of DSC peak were decreased as follows: BA>EA>MMA. BMA enhanced H/HHW and increased Tm slightly. NMR‐shielding effect decreased as follows: BMA>MMA>BA, EA.CONCLUSION: BA and BMA exhibited large cytotoxicity and high DPPC‐interaction due to their lipophilicity, compared to EA or MMA.MMA showed little cytotoxicity and small changes in DPPC liposomes, whereas BA showed large cytotoxicity and large changes in the liposomes characterized by the membrane disturbance. Hae‐molytic activity and cytotoxicity of acrylates were higher than those of methacrylates. The physico‐chemical properties (Log P or Qσ) of (meth) acrylates affect the lipid bilayer in biological membranes.
Streptococcus anginosus infection in oral cancer and its infection route
Authors: Sasaki M , Yamaura C , Ohara‐Nemoto Y , Tajika S , Kodama Y , Ohya T , Harada R , Kimura S 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To elucidate a possible involvement of Streptococcus anginosus in oral cancer, we assessed the frequency of S. anginosus infection in oral cancer tissues, and investigated its infection route.Materials and method:  The tissue specimens were obtained from 46 oral cancer and three precancerous leukoplakia subjects. Frequency of S. anginosus infection was assessed by a species‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The genotype of the clinical isolates taken from cancer tissue and dental plaque samples was analyzed using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results:  S. anginosus DNA was frequently detected in squamous cell carcinoma (19/42), but not in other types of cancer (lymphoma and rhabdomyosarcoma) or leukoplakia samples. A subject‐based analysis revealed that S. anginosus was solely detected in dental plaque and not in saliva from all 19 S. anginosus‐positive squamous cell carcinoma cases. Further, the genotype of S. anginosus isolated from cancer tissue was identical to that from dental plaque of the same patients.Conclusion:  Infection of S. anginosus could occur frequently in oral squamous cell carcinoma and that dental plaque could be a dominant reservoir of the S. anginosus.
Percentiles and mean values for neck circumference in Turkish children aged 6–18 years
Authors: Mazicioglu Mumtaz M , Kurtoglu Selim , Ozturk Ahmet , Hatipoglu Nihal , Cicek Betul , Ustunbas Hasan Basri 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  To provide neck circumference (NC) percentiles and mean values for Turkish children and to investigate their significance in clinical and epidemiological use.Methods:  Data were obtained from a cross‐sectional screening study; DAMTCA II (Determination of Anthropometric Measurements in Turkish Children and Adolescents) in which 5481 subjects from 17 primary, secondary and high schools were included. NC percentiles were produced using the LMS method, and NC was compared with other parameters which define body fat distribution.Results:  The smoothed NC curves of 3rd, 5th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th, 95th and 97th percentiles were constructed by age and gender. The descriptive characteristics of collected data were presented as mean (SD: standard deviation) and median (Min–Max: minimum–maximum) to provide detailed information other than smoothed values. The most prominent finding of this study was that the NC of boys was greater, but not significantly higher, than that of girls until the age of 12 but later a prominent increase in the NC of boys is observed compared with girls. We compared obese and non‐obese children in the 6–10, 11–13, 14–18 age groups, NC was found to be an important parameter to define obesity.Conclusions:  This study provides NC percentiles, means and medians values and analyses their significance in obesity evaluation in clinical practice.