bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matching Simple Modules of Condensed Algebras
Authors: Noeske Felix 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLet A be a finite dimensional algebra over a finite field F. Condensing an A-module V with two different idempotents e and e′ leads to the problem that to compare the composition series of V e and V e′, we need to match the composition factors of both modules. In other words, given a composition factor S of V e, we have to find a composition factor S′ of V e′ such that there exists a composition factor Ŝ of V with Ŝ e ≅ S and Ŝ e′ ≅ S′, or prove that no such S′ exists. In this note, we present a computationally tractable solution to this problem.
Computing a Chief Series and the Soluble Radical of a Matrix Group Over a Finite Field
Authors: Holt Derek F. , Stather Mark J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe describe an algorithm for computing a chief series, the soluble radical, and two other characteristic subgroups of a matrix group over a finite field, which is intended for matrix groups that are too large for the use of base and strong generating set methods. The algorithm has been implemented in Magma by the second author.
Effect of functional knee brace use on acceleration, agility, leg power and speed performance in healthy athletes
Authors: Rishiraj Neetu , Taunton Jack E , Lloyd-Smith Robert , Regan William , Niven Brian , Woollard Robert 
Published: April 2011

ObjectivesTo investigate performance levels and accommodation period to functional knee brace (FKB) use in non-injured braced subjects while completing acceleration, agility, lower extremity power and speed tasks.DesignA 2 (non-braced and braced conditions) × 5 (testing sessions) repeated-measures design.Methods27 healthy male athletes were provided a custom fitted FKB. Each subject performed acceleration, agility, leg power and speed tests over 6 days; five non-braced testing sessions over 3 days followed by five braced testing sessions also over 3 days. Each subject performed two testing sessions (3.5 h per session) each day. Performance levels for each test were recorded during each non-braced and braced trial. Repeated measures analysis of variance, with a post hoc Tukey's test for any test found to be significant, were used to determine if accommodation to FKB was possible in healthy braced subjects.ResultsInitial performance levels were lower for braced than non-braced for all tests (acceleration p=0.106; agility p=0.520; leg power p=0.001 and speed p=0.001). However, after using the FKB for approximately 14.0 h, no significant performance differences were noted between the two testing conditions (acceleration non-braced, 0.53±0.04 s; braced, 0.53±0.04 s, p=0.163, agility non-braced, 9.80±0.74 s; braced, 9.80±0.85 s, p=0.151, lower extremity power non-braced, 58±7.4 cm; braced, 57±8.1 cm, p=0.163 and speed non-braced, 1.86±0.11 s; braced, 1.89±0.11 s, p=0.460).ConclusionsAn initial decrement in performance levels was recorded when a FKB is used during an alactic performance task. After 12.0–14.0 h of FKB use, performance measures were similar between the two testing conditions.
Identifying sedentary time using automated estimates of accelerometer wear time
Authors: Winkler Elisabeth A H , Gardiner Paul A , Clark Bronwyn K , Matthews Charles E , Owen Neville , Healy Genevieve N 
Published: April 2011

PurposeThe authors evaluated the accuracy of three automated accelerometer wear-time estimation algorithms against self-report. Direct effects on sedentary time (<100 cpm) and indirect effects on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA, ≥1952 cpm) time were examined.MethodsA subsample from the 2004/2005 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (n=148) completed activity logs and wore accelerometers for a total of 987 days. A published algorithm that allows movement within non-wear periods (Algorithm 1) was compared with one that allows less movement (Algorithm 2) or no movement (Algorithm 3). Implications for population estimates were examined using 2003/2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.ResultsMean difference per day between the criterion and estimated wear time was negligible for all three algorithms (≤11 min), but 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were wide (±≥2 h). Respectively, the algorithms (1, 2 and 3) misclassified sedentary time as non-wear on 31.9%, 19.4% and 18% of days and misclassified non-wear time as sedentary on 42.8%, 43.7% and 51.3% of days. Use of Algorithm 2 (compared with Algorithm 1) affected population estimates of sedentary time (higher by 20 min/day) but not MVPA time. Agreement between Algorithms 1 and 2 was good for MVPA time (mean difference −0.08, LOA: −2.08, 1.91 min), but not for wear time or sedentary time.ConclusionAccelerometer wear time can be estimated accurately on average; however, misclassification can be substantial for individuals. Algorithm choice affects estimates of sedentary time. Allowing very limited movement within non-wear periods can improve accuracy.
Efficacies of different external controls for excessive foot pronation: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cheung Roy T H , Chung Raymond C K , Ng Gabriel Y F 
Published: April 2011

ObjectivesThis meta-analysis investigated the efficacies of foot orthoses, motion control footwear and therapeutic adhesive taping in controlling foot pronation as compared with no-intervention conditions.Data sourcesElectronic searches on four electronic databases were performed and the reference lists of the screened articles were also scrutinised.Review methodsTwo reviewers screened the quasi-randomised or clinical controlled trials that examined the efficacy of the selected interventions in controlling calcaneal eversion. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed by I2index and Egger's regression intercept, respectively. Trial quality was rated by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale.Results29 studies were selected. The I2indices revealed large heterogeneity which supported the use of a random effect model of meta-analysis. The Egger's regression intercepts suggested that publication bias of the included studies was marginally present in the motion control footwear and the therapeutic adhesive taping groups (p=0.06–0.07). All three interventions were effective in reducing calcaneal eversion (p<0.001) with therapeutic adhesive taping being most effective whereas Low-dye taping was less effective than the other taping techniques, such as high-dye and stirrups taping. Custom-made foot orthoses were more effective than prefabricated orthoses. Motion control footwear with heel flare or wedge design was less effective than those with dual midsole materials.ConclusionsFoot orthoses, motion control footwear and therapeutic adhesive taping were able to control rearfoot eversion with therapeutic adhesive taping being the most effective. In the clinical practice, selection of an antipronation intervention should be based on patient characteristics, type of activity and personal preference.
‘11 for Health’, a football-based health education programme for children: a two-cohort study in Mauritius and Zimbabwe
Authors: Fuller Colin W , Junge Astrid , Dorasami Cadrivel , DeCelles Jeff , Dvorak Jiri 
Published: April 2011

ObjectivesTo implement and assess Fédération Internationale de Football Association Medical Assessment and Research Centre's ‘11 for Health’ football-based health education programme for children.DesignProspective, 2-cohort study.SettingIn-school groups (Mauritius); out-of-school groups (Zimbabwe).ParticipantsMauritius: 389 children, aged 12–15 years; Zimbabwe: 395 children, aged 10–14 years.InterventionEleven 90-min sessions, each divided into two 45-min halves of Play Football (focusing on one football skill) and Play Fair (focusing on one health issue).Main outcome measures30-item questionnaire implemented pre and postintervention to assess children's health knowledge; six-item questionnaire implemented postintervention to assess children's views about the ‘11 for Health’ programme.ResultsMean pre and postintervention health knowledge scores were greater in Mauritius (pre: 69.3%; post: 87.1%) than Zimbabwe (pre: 57.8%; post: 76.2%) but the mean gain in health knowledge was greater in Zimbabwe (18.4%) than Mauritius (17.8%). There were few significant differences in the outcomes for boys and girls in both countries. The ‘11 for Health’ programme was received positively by the children in both countries and there were no significant differences in the views of boys and girls in either country.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that it was possible to achieve significant increases in children's knowledge for all health messages by implementing the ‘11 for Health’ programme in a school-based setting in collaboration with a national Football Association and in an out-of-school setting in collaboration with a non-government organisation. Based on these positive results, the authors recommend that the programme be widely implemented in Africa in co-operation with government and non-government organisations.
Injuries and injury risk factors among British army infantry soldiers during predeployment training
Authors: Wilkinson David M , Blacker Sam D , Richmond Victoria L , Horner Fleur E , Rayson Mark P , Spiess Anita , Knapik Joseph J 
Published: April 2011

PurposeThis prospective cohort study examined injuries and injury risk factors in 660 British Army infantry soldiers during a predeployment training cycle.MethodsSoldiers completed a questionnaire concerning physical characteristics, occupational factors, lifestyle characteristics (including physical training time) and previous injury. Direct measurements included height, body mass, sit-ups, push-ups and run time. Electronic medical records were screened for injuries over a 1-year period before operational deployment. Backward-stepping Cox regression calculated HR and 95% CI to quantify independent injury risk factors.ResultsOne or more injuries were experienced by 58.5% of soldiers. The new injury diagnosis rate was 88 injuries/100 person-years. Most injuries involved the lower body (71%), especially the lower back (14%), knee (19%) and ankle (15%). Activities associated with injury included sports (22%), physical training (30%) and military training/work (26%). Traumatic injuries accounted for 83% of all injury diagnoses. Independent risk factors for any injury were younger age (17–19 years (HR 1.0), 20–24 years (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.93), 25–29 years (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.19) and 30–43 years (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.63), previous lower limb injury (yes/no HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.87) and previous lower back injury (yes/no HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.63).ConclusionBritish infantry injury rates were lower than those reported for US infantry (range 101–223 injuries/100 soldier-years), and younger age and previous injury were identified as independent risk factors. Future efforts should target reducing the incidence of traumatic injuries, especially those related to physical training and/or sports.
Human Xeno-Autoantibodies against a Non-Human Sialic Acid Serve as Novel Serum Biomarkers and Immunotherapeutics in Cancer
Authors: Padler-Karavani Vered , Hurtado-Ziola Nancy , Pu Minya , Yu Hai , Huang Shengshu , Muthana Saddam , Chokhawala Harshal A. , Cao Hongzhi , Secrest Patrick , Friedmann-Morvinski Dinorah , Singer Oded , Ghaderi Darius , Verma Inder M. , Liu Yu-Tsueng , Messer Karen , Chen Xi , Varki Ajit , Schwab Richard 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Human carcinomas can metabolically incorporate and present the dietary non-human sialic acid Neu5Gc, which differs from the human sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) by 1 oxygen atom. Tumor-associated Neu5Gc can interact with low levels of circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, thereby facilitating tumor progression via chronic inflammation in a human-like Neu5Gc-deficient mouse model. Here we show that human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies can be affinity-purified in substantial amounts from clinically approved intravenous IgG (IVIG) and used at higher concentrations to suppress growth of the same Neu5Gc-expressing tumors. Hypothesizing that this polyclonal spectrum of human anti-Neu5Gc antibodies also includes potential cancer biomarkers, we then characterize them in cancer and noncancer patients' sera, using a novel sialoglycan microarray presenting multiple Neu5Gc-glycans and control Neu5Ac-glycans. Antibodies against Neu5Gcα2−6GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr (GcSTn) were found to be more prominent in patients with carcinomas than with other diseases. This unusual epitope arises from dietary Neu5Gc incorporation into the carcinoma marker Sialyl-Tn, and is the first example of such a novel mechanism for biomarker generation. Finally, human serum or purified antibodies rich in anti-GcSTn-reactivity kill GcSTn-expressing human tumors via complement-dependent cytotoxicity or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Such xeno-autoantibodies and xeno-autoantigens have potential for novel diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics in human carcinomas. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3352–63. ©2011 AACR.
Common and Overlapping Oncogenic Pathways Contribute to the Evolution of Acute Myeloid Leukemias
Authors: Kvinlaug Brynn T. , Chan Wai-In , Bullinger Lars , Ramaswami Mukundhan , Sears Christopher , Foster Donna , Lazic Stanley E. , Okabe Rachel , Benner Axel , Lee Benjamin H. , De Silva Inusha , Valk Peter J.M. , Delwel Ruud , Armstrong Scott A. , Döhner Hartmut , Gilliland D. Gary , Huntly Brian J.P. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Fusion oncogenes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) promote self-renewal from committed progenitors, thereby linking transformation and self-renewal pathways. Like most cancers, AML is a genetically and biologically heterogeneous disease, but it is unclear whether transformation results from common or overlapping genetic programs acting downstream of multiple mutations or by the engagement of unique genetic programs acting cooperatively downstream of individual mutations. This distinction is important, because the involvement of common programs would imply the existence of common molecular targets to treat AML, no matter which oncogenes are involved. Here we show that the ability to promote self-renewal is a generalized property of leukemia-associated oncogenes. Disparate oncogenes initiated overlapping transformation and self-renewal gene expression programs, the common elements of which were defined in established leukemic stem cells from an animal model as well as from a large cohort of patients with differing AML subtypes, where they strongly predicted pathobiological character. Notably, individual genes commonly activated in these programs could partially phenocopy the self-renewal function of leukemia-associated oncogenes in committed murine progenitors. Furthermore, they could generate AML following expression in murine bone marrow. In summary, our findings reveal the operation of common programs of self-renewal and transformation downstream of leukemia-associated oncogenes, suggesting that mechanistically common therapeutic approaches to AML are likely to be possible, regardless of the identity of the driver oncogene involved. Cancer Res; 71(12); 4117–29. ©2011 AACR.
A Novel Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus that Synergizes with Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt Pathway Inhibitors to Target Glioblastoma Stem Cells
Authors: Kanai Ryuichi , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Martuza Robert L. , Rabkin Samuel D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: To develop a new oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy that will be effective in glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), an important and untargeted component of GBM. One approach to enhance oHSV efficacy is by combination with other therapeutic modalities.
Experimental Design: MG18L, containing a US3 deletion and an inactivating LacZ insertion in UL39, was constructed for the treatment of brain tumors. Safety was evaluated after intracerebral injection in HSV-susceptible mice. The efficacy of MG18L in human GSCs and glioma cell lines in vitro was compared with other oHSVs, alone or in combination with phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitors (LY294002, triciribine, GDC-0941, and BEZ235). Cytotoxic interactions between MG18L and PI3K/Akt inhibitors were determined using Chou–Talalay analysis. In vivo efficacy studies were conducted using a clinically relevant mouse model of GSC-derived GBM.
Results: MG18L was severely neuroattenuated in mice, replicated well in GSCs, and had anti-GBM activity in vivo. PI3K/Akt inhibitors displayed significant but variable antiproliferative activities in GSCs, whereas their combination with MG18L synergized in killing GSCs and glioma cell lines, but not human astrocytes, through enhanced induction of apoptosis. Importantly, synergy was independent of inhibitor sensitivity. In vivo, the combination of MG18L and LY294002 significantly prolonged survival of mice, as compared with either agent alone, achieving 50% long-term survival in GBM-bearing mice.
Conclusions: This study establishes a novel therapeutic strategy: oHSV manipulation of critical oncogenic pathways to sensitize cancer cells to molecularly targeted drugs. MG18L is a promising agent for the treatment of GBM, being especially effective when combined with PI3K/Akt pathway–targeted agents. Clin Cancer Res; 17(11); 3686–96. ©2011 AACR.
Prevention of Bronchial Hyperplasia by EGFR Pathway Inhibitors in an Organotypic Culture Model
Authors: Lee Jangsoon , Ryu Seung-Hee , Kang Shin Myung , Chung Wen-Cheng , Gold Kathryn Ann , Kim Edward S. , Hittelman Walter N. , Ki Hong Waun , Koo Ja Seok 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection or prevention strategies are urgently needed to increase survival. Hyperplasia is the first morphologic change that occurs in the bronchial epithelium during lung cancer development, followed by squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive tumor. This study was designed to determine the molecular mechanisms that control bronchial epithelium hyperplasia. Using primary normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells cultured by using the 3-dimensional (3D) organotypic method, we found that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, EGF, TGF-α, and amphiregulin induced hyperplasia, as determined by cell proliferation and multilayered epithelium formation. We also found that EGF induced increased cyclin D1 expression, which plays a critical role in bronchial hyperplasia; this overexpression was mediated by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway but not the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and U0126, a MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor, completely inhibited EGF-induced hyperplasia. Furthermore, a promoter analysis revealed that the activator protein-1 transcription factor regulates EGF-induced cyclin D1 overexpression. Activator protein-1 depletion by using siRNA targeting its c-Jun component completely abrogated EGF-induced cyclin D1 expression. In conclusion, we showed that bronchial hyperplasia can be modeled in vitro by using primary NHTBE cells maintained in a 3D organotypic culture. EGFR and MEK inhibitors completely blocked EGF-induced bronchial hyperplasia, suggesting that they have a chemopreventive role. Cancer Prev Res; 4(8); 1306–15. ©2011 AACR.
Apigenin Prevents Development of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate-Accelerated 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-Induced Mammary Tumors in Sprague–Dawley Rats
Authors: Mafuvadze Benford , Benakanakere Indira , López Pérez Franklin R. , Besch-Williford Cynthia , Ellersieck Mark R. , Hyder Salman M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The use of progestins as a component of hormone replacement therapy has been linked to an increase in breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. We have previously shown that medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a commonly administered synthetic progestin, increases production of the potent angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by tumor cells, leading to the development of new blood vessels and tumor growth. We sought to identify nontoxic chemicals that would inhibit progestin-induced tumorigenesis. We used a recently developed progestin-dependent mammary cancer model in which tumors are induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treatment. The flavonoid apigenin, which we previously found to inhibit progestin-dependent VEGF synthesis in human breast cancer cells in vitro, significantly delayed the development of, and decreased the incidence and multiplicity of, MPA-accelerated DMBA-induced mammary tumors in this animal model. Whereas apigenin decreased the occurrence of such tumors, it did not block MPA-induced intraductal and lobular epithelial cell hyperplasia in the mammary tissue. Apigenin blocked MPA-dependent increases in VEGF, and suppressed VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) but not VEGFR-1 in regions of hyperplasia. No differences were observed in estrogen or progesterone receptor (ER/PR) levels, or the number of estrogen receptor–positive cells, within the mammary gland of MPA-treated animals administered apigenin, MPA-treated animals, and placebo treated animals. However, the number of progesterone receptor–positive cells was reduced in animals treated with MPA or MPA and apigenin compared with those treated with placebo. These findings suggest that apigenin has important chemopreventive properties for those breast cancers that develop in response to progestins. Cancer Prev Res; 4(8); 1316–24. ©2011 AACR.
Multiple Antigenic Peptides of Human Heparanase Elicit a Much More Potent Immune Response against Tumors
Authors: Wang Guo-Zhen , Tang Xu-Dong , Lü Mu-Han , Gao Jin-Hua , Liang Guang-Ping , Li Ning , Li Chang-Zhu , Wu Yu-Yun , Chen Ling , Cao Ya-Ling , Fang Dian-Chun , Yang Shi-Ming 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Peptide vaccination for cancer immunotherapy requires an ideal immune response induced by epitope peptides derived from tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Heparanase is broadly expressed in various advanced tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that heparanase can serve as a universal TAA for tumor immunotherapy. However, due to the low immunogenicity of peptide vaccines, an ideal immune response against tumors usually cannot be elicited in patients. To increase the immunogenicity of peptide vaccines, we designed three 4-branched multiple antigenic peptides (MAP) on the basis of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2–restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes of human heparanase that we identified previously as antigen carriers. Our results show that MAP vaccines based on the HLA-A2–restricted CLT epitopes of human heparanase were capable of inducing HLA-A2–restricted and heparanase-specific CTL in vitro and in mice. Moreover, compared with their corresponding linear peptides, heparanase MAP vaccines elicited much stronger lysis of tumor cells by activating CD8+ T lymphocytes and increasing the releasing of IFN-γ. However, these heparanase-specific CTLs did not lyse heparanase-expressing autologous lymphocytes and dendritic cells, which confirm the safety of these MAP vaccines. Therefore, our findings indicate that MAP vaccines based on CTL epitopes of human heparanase can be used as potent immunogens for tumor immunotherapy because of advantages such as broad spectrum, high effectiveness, high specificity, and safety. Cancer Prev Res; 4(8); 1285–95. ©2011 AACR.