bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First record of Bregmatothrips dimorphus (Priesner, 1919) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Tunisia
Authors: Elimem M. , Navarro Campos C. , Chermiti B. 
Published: April 2012

During an inventory study of thrips species carried out in the central‐eastern coastal region of Tunisia in 2010 and 2011, Bregmatothrips dimorphus (Priesner, 1919) (Thysanoptera; Thripidae) was found on two host plants; barley (Hordeum vulgare Linnaeus) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench). This is the first record of B. dimorphus in Tunisia. Its distribution in other parts of the world and taxonomic characteristics are briefly presented.
Pharmacogenetics: a reality or misplaced optimism?
Authors: MUTSATSA S. , CURRID T. J. 
Published: April 2012

Accessible summary
Evidence from research relating to the way genes affect medication effectiveness and side effects is reviewed.
Currently, there is strong evidence suggesting that drug response varies across individuals and this is particularly so across racial and ethnic lines. These differences are genetically determined.
There is hope that in future, an individual's genetic information can be used to help to decide which drug is effective for which person and at what dose before treatment.
AbstractThe paper aims to review current evidence that supports the application of genetic information in the management and use of psychotropic medication. Although the importance of an individual's genetic makeup in the metabolism of drugs has been known for at least 50 years, it is only recently that such information is finding clinical application. A literature review of recent studies suggest that there are clear variations in the way people respond to psychotropic medication. These variations can be seen across racial and ethnic lines, and are genetically determined. The hope is that, in future we will be able to use genetic information to predict which patient will benefit from which drug and at what dose. In other fields of health care such as anticoagulant therapy, the application of pharmacogenetics is now established in routine clinical care. Several psychiatric pharmacogenetic tests are currently available, including tests for the determination of metabolic status, risk of agranulocytosis and metabolic syndrome, and selection of beneficial medications. Since nurses are the centrepiece of mental health care, these advances are likely to alter significantly future mental health nurse education and practice.
Reducing maternal mortality: better monitoring, indicators and benchmarks needed to improve emergency obstetric care. Research summary for policymakers
Authors: Collender Guy , Gabrysch Sabine , Campbell Oona M. R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSeveral limitations of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) indicators and benchmarks are analysed in this short paper, which synthesises recent research on this topic. A comparison between Sri Lanka and Zambia is used to highlight the inconsistencies and shortcomings in current methods of monitoring EmOC. Recommendations are made to improve the usefulness and accuracy of EmOC indicators and benchmarks in the future.
A new chronotype of Schistosoma mansoni: adaptive significance
Authors: Mouahid Gabriel , Idris Mohamed A. , Verneau Olivier , Théron André , Shaban Mahmoud M. A. , Moné Hélène 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives  To optimise host‐to‐host transmission, digenean trematodes (parasites) synchronize their cercarial emission patterns with the aquatic activities of their vertebrate hosts. Schistosoma mansoni has a strictly diurnal shedding pattern involving two circadian chronotypes: an early shedding pattern with a mean peak occurring at 11:00 h and a late pattern with a mean peak occurring at 16:00 h. We analysed the cercarial emergence pattern of three schistosome populations from Oman where S. mansoni is resurgent.Methods  For each schistosome population, the cercarial emergence pattern was assessed hourly over several days. Because we identified a new chronotype hitherto unknown in S. mansoni, we undertook taxonomic characterisation based on egg morphology and mitochondrial DNA sequence (COX1).Results  Taxonomic characterisation revealed that the three schistosome populations belong to the species S. mansoni. Hence, this is the first report of this species exhibiting a nocturnal chronotype, with the mean peak occurring at 20:00 h. We interpreted the new chronotype as being the result of a lateral transfer of S. mansoni from humans to Rattus rattus.Conclusion  The cercarial emergence pattern of S. mansoni from Oman is circadian, exhibiting either a diurnal or a nocturnal phenotype.
The many faces of nickel allergy
Authors: Darlenski Razvigor , Kazandjieva Jana , Pramatarov Kyrill 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHypersensitivity reactions to nickel are one of the most common in the modern world. Nickel allergy prevalence is constantly growing in many countries and represents a major health and socioeconomic issue. Herein the current understanding on nickel allergy is summarized with a practical approach to the dermatologist, allergist, and general practitioner. The personal experience with some practical clinical cases of nickel dermatitis is shared. A special emphasis is put on the possible strategies for treatment and prevention of the disease.
Low incidence of benign lesions in resected suspicious renal masses greater than 2 cm: Single‐center experience from Japan
Authors: Soga Norihito , Nishikawa Kouhei , Takaki Haruyuki , Yamada Yasushi , Arima Kiminobu , Hayashi Norio , Sugimura Yoshiki 
Published: April 2012

Objective:  To assess the incidence of benign renal lesions in our Japanese clinical experience with surgical resection.Methods:  A total of 411 renal masses harvested by radical or partial nephrectomy between January 1991 and April 2011 at our institution were retrospectively assessed. The incidence of benign lesions in 1‐cm increments in diameter was determined, and a logistic regression model was used to assess relationships between the incidence of benign lesions and other factors.Results:  Histological examination confirmed a total of 18 (4.4%) benign lesions. The incidence of benign lesions was 42.8% for nodules <1 cm and 10.0% for nodules 1 to <2 cm. In contrast, the incidence of benign lesions in each 1‐cm increment between 2 and 6 cm was 4.1–4.9%. The incidence of benign lesions 2 to <4 cm was 4.8% and of benign nodules ≥6 cm was just 0–1.0%. The incidence of benign lesions ≥2 cm (3.5%) was significantly lower than that of masses <2 cm (16.2%; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (odds ratio 3.68) and smaller mass size (<2 cm; odds ratio 4.84) were significant predictors for benign lesions.Conclusions:  The incidence of benign lesions among renal masses ≥2 cm in diameter was found to be much lower than previously reported. This should be taken into account when designing strategies for the management of suspicious small renal masses.
Characterization of the first alginolytic operons in a marine bacterium: from their emergence in marine Flavobacteriia to their independent transfers to marine Proteobacteria and human gut Bacteroides
Authors: Thomas François , Barbeyron Tristan , Tonon Thierry , Génicot Sabine , Czjzek Mirjam , Michel Gurvan 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAlginate constitutes a significant part of seaweed biomass and thus a crucial nutrient for numerous marine heterotrophic bacteria. However, the mechanisms for alginate assimilation remain largely unknown in marine microorganisms. We show here that the genome of the marine flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans contains seven putative alginate lyase genes, five of them localized within two clusters comprising additional carbohydrate‐related genes. The transcription of these genes and the alginolytic activity were strongly induced when Z. galactanivorans used alginate as sole carbon source. These clusters were shown to be transcribed as polycistronic mRNAs and thus to constitute operons. Several candidate enzymes were successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and their activity tested. Particularly, AlyA1, AlyA4, AlyA5 and AlyA7 are confirmed as active alginate lyases. Zg2622 and Zg2614 are a dehydrogenase and a kinase, respectively, further converting the terminal unsaturated monosaccharides released by alginate lyases into 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐6‐phosphogluconate. In‐depth phylogenomic analyses reveal that such alginolytic operons originated from an ancestral marine flavobacterium and were independently transferred to marine proteobacteria and Japanese gut Bacteroides. These bacteria thus gained the capacity to assimilate the main polysaccharide of brown algae, an adaptive advantage in coastal environments but also in the gut microbiota of specific human population.
Resistance and resilience of microbial communities – temporal and spatial insurance against perturbations
Authors: Baho Didier L. , Peter Hannes , Tranvik Lars J. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBacteria play fundamental roles for many ecosystem processes; however, little empirical evidence is available on how environmental perturbations affect their composition and function. We investigated how spatial and temporal refuges affect the resistance and resilience of a freshwater bacterioplankton community upon a salinity pulse perturbation in continuous cultures. Attachment to a surface avoided the flushing out of cells and enabled re‐colonization of the liquid phase after the perturbation, hence serving as a temporal refuge. A spatial refuge was established by introduction of bacteria from an undisturbed reservoir upstream of the continuous culture vessel, acting analogous to a regional species pool in a metacommunity. The salinity pulse affected bacterial community composition and the rates of respiration and the pattern of potential substrate utilization as well as the correlation between composition and function. Compared with the no‐refuge treatment, the temporal refuge shortened return to pre‐perturbation conditions, indicating enhanced community resilience. Composition and function were less disturbed in the treatment providing a spatial refuge, suggesting higher resistance. Our results highlight that spatial and temporal dynamics in general and refuges in particular need to be considered for conceptual progress in how microbial metacommunities are shaped by perturbations.
A study of menopausal symptoms in relation to habits of smoking and make‐up using in Japanese women aged 35–59
Authors: Oi N. , Ohi K. 
Published: April 2012

SynopsisWe conducted a survey to elucidate the influence with menopause symptoms and the impact of not only smoking but also using make‐up among for Japanese women, included ages above and below the menopausal generation. The subjects of this study were 335 Japanese women from 35 to 59 years of age who were examined for the first time in the specialized women’s outpatient clinic of our institution from July 2010 to June 2011 for 1 year period. We used the items of the Menopause‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire. Similarly, we analysed the scores in relation to menopausal symptoms and whether the subject smoked, whether the subject used make‐up depend on women (including foundation, lip rouge, brush one’s eyebrows), how frequently she used make‐up. The JMP version 9.0 software program was used to statistically analyse the score data. Significant associations were observed in psychosocial (P = 0.0196), tended to be more severe in women before menopause and after climacteric. Furthermore, the frequency of using make‐up were negative relations with menopause symptoms (P = 0.0251) after climacteric. Smoking had made worse for physical symptoms (P < 0.001). Menopause symptoms are already experienced by younger women, especially, psychological symptoms. Also, physical conditions were influenced by smoking. Using make‐up frequently was often seen after climacteric because of appearance changes by oestrogen dynamic decline.
MAPPING AFRICAN ETHICAL REVIEW COMMITTEE ACTIVITY ONTO CAPACITY NEEDS: THE MARC INITIATIVE AND HRWEB'S INTERACTIVE DATABASE OF RECS IN AFRICA
Authors: IJSSELMUIDEN CAREL , MARAIS DEBBIE , WASSENAAR DOUGLAS , MOKGATLA‐MOIPOLAI BOITUMELO 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTHealth research initiatives worldwide are growing in scope and complexity, particularly as they move into the developing world. Expanding health research activity in low‐ and middle‐income countries has resulted in a commensurate rise in the need for sound ethical review structures and functions in the form of Research Ethics Committees (RECs). Yet these seem to be lagging behind as a result of the enormous challenges facing these countries, including poor resource availability and lack of capacity. There is thus an urgent need for ongoing capacity and resource development in these regions in general, and in Africa in particular. Similarly, there is a need for research and initiatives that can identify existing capacity and funding and indicate the areas where this needs to be developed.This discussion paper argues that the Mapping African Research Ethics Capacity (MARC) project is a timely initiative aimed at identifying existing capacity. MARC provides a platform and tool on the Council on Health Research for Development's (COHRED) Health Research website (HRWeb), which can be used by RECs and key stakeholders in health research in Africa to identify capacity, constraints and development needs. MARC intends to provide the first comprehensive interactive database of RECs in Africa, which will allow for the identification of key relationships and analyses of capacity. The potential of MARC lies in the mapping of current ethical review activity onto capacity needs. This paper serves as a starting point by providing a descriptive illustration of the current state of RECs in Africa.
Nutritional status assessment in complete denture wearers
Authors: Prakash Nagaranjani , Kalavathy Natarajan , Sridevi Janakiramareddy , Premnath Kumareshan 
Published: April 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00620.xNutritional status assessment in complete denture wearersBackground and objectives:  The relationship between oral health and the nutritional status in the elderly is complex and controversial. It has been suggested that poor oral health and a decreased ability to chew have a profound influence on food selection, diet and thereby the nutritional status of the individual. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of edentulousness and prosthetic treatment on the nutritional status of the individual.Methods:  A total of 94 patients were selected for the study, which was conducted over a period of 16 months. The nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Form (MNA) before the complete denture treatment and after an interval of 6 months and 9 months following the treatment. The individual scores obtained for each question and the total scores at the baseline study were compared with those obtained after 6 and 9 months. Proportions were compared using chi‐squared test of significance.Results:  The results showed statistically significant differences in the total MNA scores between the baseline study and after 6 and 9 months. The edentulous patients without complete dentures had significantly lower MNA scores.Conclusion:  Prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous patients with complete dentures, along with the dietary counselling, improved the nutritional status of these patients.
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation of the Institute of Medicine Recommendations on Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People
Authors: Evans Mary E. 
Published: April 2012

PROBLEM:  The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the barriers and facilitators to implementation of the five overarching recommendations of the Institute of Medicine report and to consider the implications for nursing.METHODS:  Data were collected through use of a semi‐structured interview of purposive sample of 22 key informants regarding the barriers and facilitators to implementation of the report's five major recommendations.FINDINGS:  The major barriers were competing priorities, lack of infrastructure for implementation, lack of public education regarding mental health and the effectiveness of prevention, stigma, and a paucity of facilitating factors. The facilitators were leadership, flexible resources, linkage to healthcare reform or other legislation, coordination across agencies and governmental levels, and additional research.CONCLUSIONS:  The discussion focuses on ways of promoting facilitating factors and consideration of nursing's potential contributions in the areas of education, practice, and research.
A Comparative Assessment of Early Adult Life Status of Graduates of the North Carolina Adolescent Parenting Program
Authors: Gruber Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2012

PROBLEM:  What is the comparative impact of a second pregnancy prevention program for teen mothers on those who graduate from the program compared with a sample of young mothers of similar age and social circumstances who did not participate in the program?METHODS:  Fifteen program graduates and 20 nonprogram cohorts were surveyed regarding a range of life domains.FINDINGS:  Data indicated that program graduates were on a more positive life course: greater primary responsibility for housing and utilities, greater higher education enrollment, more job stability, and greater focus on career goals.CONCLUSION:  The differences demonstrate the value of programs designed to assist teen mothers through the challenges of parenting and their own adolescent development. Teen mothers who received these resources became more capable, happier, and confident, which in turn will make them better parents and more empowered to pursue their own personal development.
Investigation of Autism Comorbidities and Associations in a School‐Based Community Sample
Authors: Memari AmirHossein , Ziaee Vahid , Mirfazeli FatemehSadat , Kordi Ramin 
Published: April 2012

PROBLEM:  Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have at least as many comorbidities as individuals with typical development may show, but sometimes with different presentations.METHODS:  The study used a school‐based health survey related to children diagnosed with ASD in Tehran to determine the possibility of comorbid conditions. Ninety‐one children and adolescents with ASD between the ages of 6 and 14 years were included in the study, all from five schools of different districts of the city, using stratified random sampling. All of the subjects had received a clinical diagnosis of ASD (autism, Asperger, and pervasive developmental disorder‐not otherwise specified) by a child neurologist or psychiatrist. All of the schools had registered the subjects and were restricted to those with high‐functioning forms of ASD, and none were identified with co‐occurring mental retardation.FINDINGS:  Results indicated that 72.5% had at least one comorbid condition. There was a trend of higher severity in autism symptoms in subjects with comorbidity. Results showed that attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and epileptic disorders were the leading comorbidity in respective categories.CONCLUSION:  Autistic individuals should be monitored regarding their comorbid profiles, with an emphasis on female subjects and those with more severe symptoms. Clinically, the current study has implications for school healthcare providers, including nurses, in addition to researchers and practitioners working with children diagnosed with ASDs.
Application of Proanthocyanidins from Peanut Skins as a Natural Yeast Inhibitory Agent
Authors: Sarnoski Paul J. , Boyer Renee R. , O’Keefe Sean F. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  Proanthocyanidins were extracted from peanut skins and investigated for their antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and Zygosaccharomyces bisporus in traditional growth media (Sabouraud Dextrose and Maltose broth) and a simulated apple juice beverage. Peanut skins extracts (PSE) were prepared through a multisolvent extraction procedure. The PSE extended the lag phase growth of the 3 yeasts studied at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and at 10 mg/mL yeast growth was totally inhibited for 120 h. PSE was fractionated by normal phase high performance liquid chromatography and the active components/fractions were determined. Compounds present in the fractions were identified by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry to determine the compounds responsible for inhibition. Fractions consisting mostly of A‐type proanthocyanidin dimers, trimers, and tetramers showed the highest percent inhibition toward the yeasts tested in this study. Both optical density (OD) and standard enumeration plating methods were performed in this study. The OD method led to an overestimation of the inhibitory effects of PSE, the 2 methods agreed in respect to treatment effects but not the severity of the inhibition.Practical Application:  There is a growing consumer demand for “fresh like” products containing reduced amounts of chemical preservatives without compromising food safety and quality. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if an extract of peanut skins containing flavonoid rich compounds could function as a natural antimicrobial in a model beverage system. Proteins were removed through the process of producing the peanut skin extract, thus it is unlikely to contain peanut allergens. The antimicrobial compounds mentioned in this study were successfully integrated into a model beverage system, and were found to have antimicrobial effect. However, the incorporation of these compounds would likely lead to negative sensory attributes at the concentration needed to achieve an appreciable antimicrobial effect alone.
Influence of Helium‐Neon Laser Irradiation on Seed Germination In Vitro and Physico‐Biochemical Characters in Seedlings of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. Mattu Gulla
Authors: Muthusamy Annamalai , Kudwa Prathibha P. , Prabhu Vijendra , Mahato Krishna K. , Babu Vidhu Sankar , Rao Mattu Radhakrishna , Gopinath Puthiya Mandyat , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the present study, the seeds of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. Mattu Gulla were irradiated with single exposure of He–Ne laser at different doses of 5–40 J cm−2 and germinated aseptically. Thirty day old seedlings were harvested and the germination, growth, physiological and biochemical parameters were estimated and compared with un‐irradiated control seedlings. A significant enhancement in growth characters were noted with respect to length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots. In addition, chlorophyll (a and b), carotenoid content, anthocyanin and amylases (α and β) activities were found to be altered. Significant alterations in percentage of seed germination (P < 0.001) and time to 50% germination (P < 0.001) were observed in the irradiated seeds compared with the un‐irradiated controls. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that low dose (5–30 J cm−2) of He–Ne laser irradiation enhanced the germination process and altered growth, by positively influencing physiological and biochemical parameters of the brinjal seedlings compared with un‐irradiated control under in vitro conditions.
Lung cancer associated with an azygos lobe successfully treated with video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Arai H , Inui K , Kano K , Nishii T , Kaneko T , Mano H , Sasaki T , Masuda M 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPrimary lung cancer associated with an azygos lobe is extremely rare. Herein, we report the case of a 64‐year‐old woman with lung adenocarcinoma arising in the right upper lobe with an azygos lobe. The patient underwent a right upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection with video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy for lung cancer of this variant has yet to be reported. We demonstrate the intraoperative findings and the resected pulmonary lobe. This is the first case of primary lung cancer associated with the azygos lobe treated by lobectomy with video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery.