bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parenting style and the non-cognitive development of children at preschool age in rural China
Authors: Wang Lei , Song Meiyu , Ji Fuyu , Li Sicong , Rozelle Scott 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

A caregiver’s style of parenting is crucial for the formation of the non-cognitive development of children at preschool age. Less is known, however, about the association between parenting style and the non-cognitive development of preschool-aged children in rural China. The current study aims to address this gap and to explore how the adoption of different styles of parenting influences the non-cognitive development of young children. The sample includes 1159 children aged 49–65 months and their primary caregivers from rural areas of 11 counties in Shaanxi Province. The participants in the survey were those individuals that participated in both of the study’s surveys—in 2015 (when the sample children were 22–30 months old) and in 2017 (when the sample children were 49–65 months old). The main data in this study are from the survey conducted in 2017. Primary caregivers reported on their parenting styles as well as the non-cognitive development of their children. Linear regressions and multivariable regressions were used to analyze the data. According the findings of the survey, a large share of the sample children are shown to be suffering developmental delays in the non-cognitive skills both at age of 22–30 months (60.14%) and at age of 49–65 months old (51.77%). The results also demonstrate that when the primary caregiver tended to use an authoritative parenting style, the child had higher level of the non-cognitive development. In contrast, the authoritarian parenting style was negatively associated with the non-cognitive development of children. The findings of the study indicate that the scores of the authoritarian parenting style were much higher than the scores of the authoritative parenting style, which can partly explain the high prevalence of non-cognitive delays among the sample children. In addition, we also find a number of demographic characteristics of children and households were associated with the adoption of the different parenting styles by the primary caregivers. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of the scientific style of parenting in the development of the non-cognitive skills of young children. Policies in rural China that focus on the improvement of child non-cognitive development should encourage primary caregivers to use styles related to an authoritative parenting rather than an authoritarian parenting style.
Assessment of Myocardial dysfunction of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Analysis of Potential Influencing Factors
Authors: Shao Kejing , Yuan Fenghong , Chen Fei , Pu Xiaojia , Xiao Yichun , Wang Yuetao , Zhu Bao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Backgroud:
The incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have increased annually over the past decade. The involvement of myocardium is one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis of patients with SLE. Identifying myocardial involvement in patients with autoimmune diseases and providing early targeted treatment can improve patient outcomes.
Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate myocardial dysfunction in patients with SLE using 99mTc-MIBI rest gated myocardial perfusion imaging (rGMPI) and to investigate factors associated with myocardial dysfunction.
Method
76 patients with SLE were prospectively enrolled in the study and 46 patients without autoimmune diseases or other inflammatory diseases who had undergone 99mTc-MIBI rGMPI were selected as a control group. Results of relevant blood test indicators, echocardiography and rGMPI were recorded, and comparison was made between the two groups. Meanwhile, based on diagnostic results of rGMPI, SLE patients were divided into myocardial dysfunction group and normal myocardial function group and to analyze the influencing factors of myocardial dysfunction in SLE patients.
Results
The incidence of myocardial dysfunction was significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls (30.3% vs 0%, χ2 = 16.131, p < 0.001). Moderate/severe disease activity, decreased myocardial perfusion and positive anti-SSA /Ro52kDa antibody were associated with impaired myocardial function in SLE patients (OR = 2.753, 5.359, 3.646; p = 0.049, 0.015, 0.014). Positive anti-SSA/Ro52kDa antibody was is independently correlated with myocardial dysfunction in SLE patients [OR (95%CI) = 3.159 (1.071–9.316), p = 0.037].
Conclusion
99mTc-MIBI rGMPI can noninvasively evaluate myocardial dysfunction in patients with SLE and provide evidence for clinical treatment decisions. Positive anti-SSA /Ro52kDa antibody was an independent risk factor for myocardial dysfunction in SLE patients.
Novel approach to quantifying long-term rainfall distribution variation
Authors: Barnes Andrew Paul , Stamataki Ioanna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The impacts of climate change on rainfall and flood regimes worldwide are increasingly evident, necessitating a deeper understanding and the development of more robust methodologies to understand and address these challenges. This paper introduces a new, novel framework for understanding how rainfall distributions are changing through time, enabling more accurate flood risk analysis. The framework offers two complementary approaches to comparing rainfall distributions, the first of these utilises a benchmark distribution to compare against whereas the second highlights a moving benchmark approach. The case study region of Europe is used to highlight the capability of both frameworks to capture different forms of rainfall distribution shift. The first approach reveals rainfall distributions have intensified since 1940 with the strongest intensification in Northern and Western Europe. The second unveils large shifts in rainfall variability across both Western and Eastern Europe during the 1960–1980 period. The suggested frameworks do not rely on fitting statistical distributions, enabling both long and short term change identification. This flexible nature provides opportunity to use this approach across a variety of domains, not least extreme weather evaluation. In this paper we have shown the approach offers flood risk managers a new solution to understanding local, regional, and global rainfall variability and quantification.
Enhancing external quantum efficiency in a sky-blue OLED by charge transfer via Si quantum dots
Authors: PEI ZINGWAY , WEI HAN YUN , LIU YI CHUN , SUBRAMANI THIYAGU , FUKATA NAOKI 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) aim to achieve high efficiency by using excitons to achieve a 100% quantum efficiency (QE). However, developing functional organic materials for this purpose can be time-consuming. To address this challenge, a new method has been proposed to incorporate inorganic quantum dots into the organic luminescent layer to enable unlimited exciton formation and approach the 100% QE limit. Inorganic quantum dots are clusters of atoms that contain numerous thermally generated electrons and holes at conduction and valence bands. Immersed quantum dots act as charge generation centers, providing electrons and holes with unlimited amounts to form excitons. After radiative recombination, these excitons generate photons that cause internal QE to nearly 100%. This concept has been demonstrated using Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) and phosphorescent materials. The average size of SiQDs is approximately 6 nm, and they are well-dispersed within the guest-host blue phosphorescent light-emitting materials. With only 5×10-3 % (in weight) of SiQDs in the precursor, external QE increased from 2% to 17.7%, nearly a nine-fold enhancement. The prolonged decay time from 1.68 to 5.97 ns indicates that electrons are transferred from SiQDs to the luminescent materials. This universal method can be applied to green and red emissions with various inorganic quantum dots in different organic luminescent material systems.
Observing Shifts In Global Tropical Flowering Phenology
Authors: Graves Skylar , Spitz Gladiana , Manzitto-Tripp Erin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Shifts in flowering phenology have cascade effects across entire ecosystems and are indicative of more severe effects of climate change. Studies investigating flowering phenology at large geographic and taxonomic scales have been limited to temperate and boreal latitudes. Here, we employ a global-scale dataset to analyze changes in flowering times across tropical latitudes using museum specimens. Between 1850 to 2021, flowering times shifted significantly at all 14 locations investigated, on average 98 days across sites. These shifts ranged from a low of 56 days at Las Cruces Research Station in Costa Rica to 110 days at Korup National Park in Cameroon. Parsed by region, the Neotropics witnessed an average of 81 days shifted compared to 92 in the Afrotropics and 103 in Southeast Asia. The severity of shifts is indicative of greater ecosystem-wide changes occurring amongst the most biodiverse regions of Earth.
The effect of over-expressed miR-192 fibroblasts and platelet rich plasma on Freund's adjuvant-induced Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Dadi Saeedeh , Sayadi Mahtab , Karam Forouzan , Ashabyamin Reza , Sajjadi Seyed Mehdi , Sarab Gholamreza Anani 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory illness characterized by joint inflammation and cartilage erosion, currently has limited therapeutic options due to adverse effects. In an experimental model, human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells expressing miR-192 and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were applied to alleviate RA symptoms. RT-PCR measured COL1A2 gene expression after transfecting HDF cells and increasing the MIR-192 expression. Male Wistar rats were injected with 100 µl CFA into the foot pad to induce RA. 36 rats were randomly assigned to Model, MTX, Backbone, PRP, miR-192, and PRP + miR-192 groups. Peltysmometers measured paw volume. Standardized arthritis grading was employed. Histopathological changes in ankle joint tissue were investigated using hematoxylin-Eosin staining and serum RF and anti-CCP levels were measured by ELISA. The overexpression of miR-192 in HDF cells increased COL1A2 gene expression 13-fold compared to the control group. PRP and miR-192-expressing HDF cells combination reduced paw volume, arthritic score, serum RF, and anti-CCP. PRP + miR-192 demonstrated less inflammatory cell infiltration and no cartilage damage than other groups. PRP and HDFs expressing miR-192, boosted collagen expression, improved RA symptoms, and prevented cartilage and joint erosion.
Thermophysical Properties of Silver/Graphene Hybrid Nanoparticles Reinforced Ethylene Glycol– Glycerol Mixture Based Nanofluids
Authors: Zaaba Athirah Najwa , Muhsan Ali Samer , Nasif Mohammad Shakir , Shahid Muhammad Umair 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) based cooling nanofluids have attracted tremendous attention due to low cost and high thermal conductivities. However, GNPs are not stable in common base fluids without proper surface treatments or surfactants. These surfactant or surface treatments impede the potential thermal conduction of GNPs. Several studies have addressed this issue by hybridizing GNP-based nanofluids with different highly thermal conductive materials to overcome that loss of thermal conduction. Besides carbon materials, metal nanoparticles still have higher potential thermal conductivities. Amongst high-conductive metal nanoparticles, silver has the highest proven thermal conductivity and stability. On the other hand, regarding extreme weather or specific industrial conditions ethylene glycol as base fluid has been mostly used, however, it has serious toxicity and environmental concerns. Therefore, in the current work, being the highest conductive and stable metal, silver nanoparticles have been incorporated with GNPs, and the binary mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerol in a ratio of 40:60 has been selected as less toxic and compatible with extreme conditions. The thermophysical properties are optimized based on different GNPs/Ag concentrations. Results showed that at 0.1 vol% of GNPs/Ag nano-additives, the thermal conductivity was significantly increased (102.85%) as compared to the base fluid. The zeta potential was remarkably increased (~100%) after adding T-80 surfactant to the 0.1 vol% GNPs/Ag hybrid nanofluid even after 7 days, where it recorded 35.2 mV compared to 15.7 of that without surfactant. Moreover, a minor increase of 19.84% in viscosity with 0.1 vol% GNPs/Ag hybrid nanofluid was noted relative to the base fluid. The reported hybrid nanofluids have shown potential usage as a cooling fluid in extreme thermal conditions.
Peripheral endotoxin exposure in mice activates crosstalk between phagocytes in the brain and periphery
Authors: Boles Jake , Huarte Oihane Uriarte , Tansey Malú Gámez 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background Inflammation is a central process of many neurological diseases, and a growing number of studies suggest that non-brain-resident immune cells may contribute to this neuroinflammation. However, the unique contributions of specific immune cell subsets to neuroinflammation are presently unknown, and it is unclear how communication between brain-resident and non-resident immune cells underlies peripheral immune cell involvement in neuroinflammation.Methods In this study, we employed the well-established model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and captured brain-resident and non-resident immune cells from the brain and its vasculature by magnetically enriching cell suspensions from the non-perfused brain for CD45 + cells. Then, we identified immune subtype-specific neuroinflammatory processes using single-cell genomics and predicted the crosstalk between immune cell subtypes by analyzing the simultaneous expression of ligands and receptors.Results We observed a greater abundance of peripheral phagocytes associated with the brain in this model of neuroinflammation, and report that these professional phagocytes activated similar transcriptional profiles to microglia during LPS-induced neuroinflammation. And, we observed that the probable crosstalk between microglia and peripheral phagocytes was activated in this model while homotypic microglial communication was likely to be decreased.Conclusions Our novel findings reveal that microglia signaling to non-brain-resident peripheral phagocytes is preferentially triggered by peripheral inflammation, which is associated with brain infiltration of peripheral cells. Overall, our study supports the involvement of peripheral immune cells in neuroinflammation and suggests several possible molecular signaling pathways between microglia and peripheral cells that may facilitate central-peripheral crosstalk during inflammation. Examining these molecular mediators in human disease and other rodent models may reveal novel targets that modify brain health, especially in comorbidities characterized by peripheral inflammation.
Dynamics of Impact of polymer droplets on Viscoelastic Surfaces
Authors: Yadav Saurabh , Pathak Binita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Droplet impact on soft surfaces is important in many industrial, biological and agricultural applications. In this paper, we have analysed the dynamics of impact of polymer droplets upon PDMS surfaces. We varied the impact velocity (0.5-2 m/s) and found that impact velocity plays a crucial role in the process. The elasticity of the substrate has also been varied to study its effect upon the droplet dynamics. We delineate the entire process into three different stages and employ force balance equations to identify the governing forces during each stage. The initial spreading is strongly inertia-controlled and the maximum diameter obeys a power-law relation with the Weber number (We.25), irrespective of the impact velocity and the surface properties. The viscoelastic nature of the surface has a dominant influence upon the retraction of the droplets. The effect is more prominent at a higher velocity wherein, the droplet retraction is completely eliminated. A damped harmonic oscillator-type analogy shows that the damping is higher on soft surfaces and at higher velocities.
DATIS: Data Augmentation for Trust Intensity Prediction in Incomplete Signed Networks
Authors: Shadrooh Shiva , Nørvåg Kjetil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Prediction of trust and distrust in nodes in signed network analysis is an important task with diverse applications. However, the presence of imbalanced and incomplete rankings in signed networks makes prediction of node-level trust values using machine learning (ML) methods a very challenging task. To overcome these challenges, we introduce \method, an innovative approach employing generative adversarial networks (GANs) for data augmentation in node-level trust prediction tasks in signed networks. \method addresses imbalances in both sign and value of rankings, handling missing rankings by training on nodes' local and global network features without explicit information on edge rankings assigned to nodes. Unlike existing methods, we consider the trust prediction problem as a regression task to imply the strength of trust a node gained in a network. Our experimental evaluation shows that \methodcan significantly improve the accuracy of node-level trust intensity prediction on real-world datasets.
Knowledge Accuracy and Reducing Hallucinations in LLMs via Dynamic Domain Knowledge Injection
Authors: Capellini Roman , Atienza Frank , Sconfield Melanie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Natural language processing has seen substantial progress with the development of highly sophisticated models capable of understanding and generating human-like text. However, a persistent challenge remains in enhancing the accuracy of these models when dealing with domain-specific knowledge, particularly in avoiding hallucinations or generating plausible but incorrect information. The dynamic domain knowledge injection mechanism introduced in this research represents a significant advancement by allowing continuous integration and prioritisation of specialised information, thereby improving the model's performance and reliability. By dynamically adjusting the hidden weights of GPT-Neo based on domain relevance and accuracy, the modified model achieved higher precision, recall, and F1-scores, and exhibited reduced hallucination rates across diverse domains such as cybersecurity, medical information, financial data, and legal documents. A comprehensive evaluation framework, including benchmark creation and performance metrics, validated the effectiveness of the approach, demonstrating that dynamic domain knowledge injection can substantially enhance the utility of large language models in specialised fields. The results highlight the transformative potential of this method, offering a robust pathway for the development of more accurate and contextually aware language models. Detailed analysis and ablation studies further elucidate the contributions of each component within the modification process, providing critical insights into the optimisation and future applications of this innovative approach.
Veneers: A Perfect Solution to Imperfect Teeth
Authors: MESA JWALITHACLARE  , Dr. Sudheer Arunachalam  , Gontu Sneha  , Susmita Mondal  
Published: June 2024

Porcelain laminate veneer is one of the most conservative and aesthetically pleasing methods we may use to restore the human dentition and enhance the appearance of an anterior tooth. In 1928, C.L. Pincus introduced the Hollywood Veneer. He used thin porcelain veneers to make movie stars teeth more aesthetically pleasing. Over the past few decades, laminate veneers have developed into one of the most widely used restorative procedures in esthetic dentistry. They are considered as the primary option to enhance the esthetics of anterior teeth and consequently quality of life. This purpose of this article is to review the literature and highlight crucial factors for the long-term effectiveness of porcelain veneers, including case selection, tooth preparation, provisionalization, cementation, and patient maintenance.
A New Growth Prediction Method Involving Maxillofacial Hard and Soft Tissue Calibrations- A Radiological Analysis
Authors: Patil Dr.Neha , Joneja Dr. Purva , Sarvade Dr. Dhanvarsha 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE: Growth prediction is of key importance in pediatric patients as well as growing individuals opting for orthodontic or orthopedic treatment. The objective of this study is to assess a new growth prediction method involving maxillofacial hard and soft tissue calibrations. Orthodontic treatment is most favourable and effective during pubertal growth and hence growth assessment and prediction are significant in planning treatment for dental and maxillofacial abnormalities. It can also be helpful in diagnosis of various growth disorders in pediatric patients.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: The sample comprises of standardized lateral cephalometric radiograph with the size of 100 subjects including male and female of 8-16 years of age who visited Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. All cephalometric radiographs were taken and the chosen hard and soft tissue calibrations like ramus length and nasolabial angle and CVM staging were evaluated and correlated using One-way ANOVA and Spearman correlation.
RESULT: CVM staging showed positive correlation with ramus length and age but no correlation with nasolabial angle. One-way ANOVA showed highly significant correlation of age, NLA and RL values between different CVM stages and Spearman correlation showed highly significant correlation of CVM with age, NLA and RL
CONCLUSION: Growth can also be predicted from ramus length and age of the patient as the study shows positive correlation between CVM staging and ramus length but no correlation with nasolabial angle. The calibrations are correlated to each other as cvm directly proportional to ramus length and age and inversely proportional to nasolabial angle.
“Development and Validation of Professionalism, Perception, Fear, and Anxiety Assessment Scale of Dental Students about Dentistry After Outburst of Covid-19 And Its Variant.”
Authors: Agrawal Neha , Bais Deepika Rajendrasingh , Maheshwari Sandhya 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The rapidly spreading COVID-19 via respiratory droplets and aerosol made dentists treat only emergencies during this period as they deal with most of the aerosol-generating procedures. Not only day-to-day practice but even the education system has also been affected, leading to a new educational system through online teaching and learning.
Methodology: The study was divided into three phases: first, item tool development using Focus Group Discussion; second, content and face validation by a panel of experts; and third, psychometric testing (internal consistency, stability, and construct validity).
Results: The faculty Focus Group Discussion (FGD)produced three scale domains, whereas the dentistry students' FGD yielded 28 items. A group of experts certified the tools' content using LAWSHE's Scale. Two items were eliminated due to the content analysis, with a (CVR) critical of < 0.538. Using factor analysis, the researchers discovered many subscales in each domain: Professionalism: Empathy and Humanism, and Responsibility: Perception: for learning and clinical training, academic and social self-perceptions, and perceived infectability, as well as Covid-19 Phobia in Fear and Anxiety. It has a high level of internal consistency, as seen by the overall Cronbach's coefficient values. The content, face, construct validity, and retest reliability of the three domains of the instrument, as well as its subscales, were all found to be relatively stable.
Conclusion: The new tool was found to be valid and trustworthy. It may be used to evaluate dental students in both undergraduate and postgraduate programs in various institutions Pan India and different Countries.