bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An enhanced fatigue damage model based on Weibull strength distribution
Authors: Liu Zhi , Liu Ying , Zhou Jing , Bai Xuehang , Ye Nanhai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConsidering the inherent characteristics of strength degradation, a residual strength model is improved reasonably through the incorporation of the two‐parameter Weibull distribution. Building upon this foundation, an enhanced nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation model that is closer to the actual situation is proposed in view of the randomness of fatigue damage. The model takes into account the effect of load action on fatigue damage. To ascertain the feasibility of the proposed model, the time‐varying reliability of the model is evaluated by applying the probability density evolution method. The model's precision in predicting residual life is corroborated through five experimental data sets under bilevel and multilevel loading conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits excellent applicability and remarkable precision, thereby confirming its potential value in practical applications.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among Slovenian children and adolescents: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Šterbenc Anja , Godnov Uroš , Vodičar Polona Maver , Simčič Saša , Jeverica Samo , Zaletel Živa , Homan Pia , Mojškerc Eva Miler , Homan Matjaž 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is primarily acquired in childhood and is notably influenced by socioeconomic variances across different geographical regions. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Slovenian children and to identify potential risk factors that facilitate the infection.Materials and MethodsBetween 2019 and 2022, we conducted a multi‐center prospective cross‐sectional study among healthy children residing in three different administrative regions in Slovenia. H. pylori infection status was determined using a monoclonal antibody‐based stool antigen test (SAT). A standardized questionnaire was designed to evaluate the influence of various H. pylori‐associated risk factors, including demographics and socioeconomic, housing and sanitation conditions.ResultsDuring the 3‐year period, we recruited a total of 421 children and adolescents (age range 2–18 years, mean age 10.29 ± 4.95 years). Overall, 46 (10.9%) were diagnosed with H. pylori infection. No associations were found between H. pylori prevalence rates and increasing age, sex, parental education level, country of birth of the child or their parents, number of household members, household income, having a dishwasher, owning a pet, duration of breastfeeding, fruit intake frequency, drinking tap water, and handwashing practices. The only parameters associated with an increased risk of infection were the location of the school (p < 0.001) and living in an urban area (p = 0.036). The odds of infection were approximately 4.77 times higher if the child attended school in the Central Slovenian compared to other regions (OR = 4.77; 95% CI 0.87–2.34).ConclusionsThis is the first study providing information on the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Slovenian children and adolescents. Using SAT, we have shown that the burden of H. pylori infection in our pediatric population is low; however, it seems to depend on regional rather than socioeconomic factors.
Risk factors and early detection of joint damage in patients with psoriasis: a case–control study
Authors: Yao Amin , Wang Li , Qi Fei , Li Jialu , Meng Juan , Jiang Tao , Zhao Yi , He Yanling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to target the unsatisfied need for early detection of the at‐risk population and determine the subgroup of patients whose psoriasis (PsO) could transform into psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsA retrospective and longitudinal case–control study was conducted at Beijing Chao‐yang Hospital. It included 75 patients who were clinically diagnosed with PsA in the case group and 345 who solely suffered from PsO without PsA in the control group. A variety of baseline covariates were gathered from every patient with PsO. Univariate and multivariate analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify underlying risk factors and determine whether it was necessary to examine the imaging of PsO patients.ResultsIn multivariate logistic regression analysis, age ≥40 (odds ratio (OR): 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.06, P < 0.01), nail involvement (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09–1.32, P < 0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06, P < 0.05) and elevated high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13–1.53, P < 0.01) were perceived to be risk factors for the transformation from PsO into clinical PsA. By combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐detected enthesitis with tenosynovitis, combined predictors demonstrated better diagnostic efficacy, with an improvement in specificity (94.3% vs. 69%) and similarities in sensitivity (89% vs. 84.6%). The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) amounted to 0.925 (95% CI: 0.882–0.967, P < 0.01) and 0.858 (95% CI: 0.814–0.903, P < 0.01).ConclusionsIt was identified that age ≥40, nail involvement, as well as an elevated ESR, and hs‐CRP served as independent risk factors for PsO transforming into PsA. Additionally, MRI provides additional value for the early recognition of PsA.
The role of social transfers in reducing the poverty risk for larger families in the European Union
Authors: Ilmakunnas Ilari , Mäkinen Lauri , Hiilamo Aapo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChild poverty is impacted to a great extent by family demography, with large families and single parents having a greater risk of being poor. Using the EU‐SILC microdata, we examine the extent to which social transfers reduce the risk of poverty among large families compared with smaller families in 29 European countries. Large families are defined as families with three or more children. First, we look at the reduction of poverty rates before and after the social transfers for large and small families. Second, we examine which types of social benefits are of most importance in alleviating poverty of large families. Poverty threshold is set at 60% of the national equivalent disposable income. In addition to poverty rates, poverty gaps are analysed. Results show that European countries seem to have different kinds of profiles in terms of overall child poverty reduction and whether the reduction is stronger among large families.
The role of motivation in the initiation and maintening mentoring relationships among nurses and midwives
Authors: Kakyo Tracy Alexis , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Chamberlain Diane 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo understand clinicians’ motivations to engage in mentoring to support newly graduated nurses and midwives working in hospital settings.BackgroundNursing and midwifery literature has established the benefits of mentoring and challenges that affect the effectiveness of formal mentoring programmes. No studies have explored hospital nurses’ and midwives’ motivations to mentor in the absence of the obligatory status and associated rewards of institutionalised mentoring.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study with 35 nurses and midwives working in three public hospitals in the western, northern and northwestern parts of Uganda. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to interpret the data. We have adhered to COREQ reporting guidelines.ResultsThe study revealed three salient themes that capture nursing and midwifery professionals' mentoring perspectives. Participants expressed confidence in their inherent mentoring capacities and were often motivated by a desire to reciprocate prior mentoring experiences. Their mentoring approaches varied between self‐focused and other‐focused motivations, with some overlap in perspectives on hierarchical versus relational mentoring. Across the board, there was a strong consensus on the need of mentoring for individual clinicians, healthcare institutions and the broader profession. The study highlights five opportunities that can be harnessed to design future mentoring programmes.ConclusionsThe findings delineate a complex interplay between self‐centred and altruistic mentoring motivations, aligning with hierarchical or mutually beneficial mentoring paradigms.Implications for nursing policyNurse managers should tailor mentoring programmes to align with these intrinsic motivations, affirm the enduring need for mentoring, and leverage existing institutional resources to create both acceptable and efficient mentoring frameworks.
A survey of skin failure perceptions amongst pressure injury management staff in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lu Xiaodan , Wu Bingbing , Li Qian , Wang Xuyang , Fan Li , Li Min , Wang Lizhu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study sought to evaluate the perceptions of pressure injury (PI) management staff regarding skin failure (SF). Additionally, an analysis of influencing factors based on the collected data was conducted to establish a foundation for targeted SF training. A descriptive, cross‐sectional survey was undertaken in October–November 2023, utilising a convenience sampling method involving selected management staff of PI from 16 provinces in China. A total of 501 nursing participants were included, exhibiting an overall perception level that was moderately low. Although the majority were aware of the possibility of SF (n = 417, 83.23%), only 60% reported an understanding of the fundamentals of SF, with the lowest level of comprehension observed in differentiating between SF and PI (n = 212, 42.31%). Overall attitudes were generally positive. Regarding behaviour, active learning was more prevalent (n = 340, 67.86%), but training is less (n = 287, 57.29%). Family education (n = 401, 80.04%) and nursing record monitoring (n = 426, 85.03%) demonstrated better behaviour. Further analysis revealed that training (t = 13.937, p < 0.001) and professional title (F = 4.681, p = 0.010) had a significant effect on participants' perceptions. These findings underscore that there remains a substantial lack of perception about SF amongst participants. Overall, participants exhibited a positive attitude towards SF, highlighting the need for future improvements in SF training.
Genetic parameters for mid‐infrared‐spectroscopy‐predicted mastitis phenotypes and related traits
Authors: Rienesl Lisa , Fuerst‐Waltl Birgit , Mészáros Gábor , Koeck Astrid , Egger‐Danner Christa , Gengler Nicolas , Grelet Clément , Sölkner Johann 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenetic improvement of udder health in dairy cows is of high relevance as mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases. Since it is known that the heritability of mastitis is low and direct data on mastitis cases are often not available in large numbers, auxiliary traits, such as somatic cell count (SCC) are used for the genetic evaluation of udder health. In previous studies, models to predict clinical mastitis based on mid‐infrared (MIR) spectral data and a somatic cell count‐derived score (SCS) were developed. Those models can provide a probability of mastitis for each cow at every test‐day, which is potentially useful as an additional auxiliary trait for the genetic evaluation of udder health. Furthermore, MIR spectral data were used to estimate contents of lactoferrin, a glycoprotein positively associated with immune response. The present study aimed to estimate heritabilities (h2) and genetic correlations (ra) for clinical mastitis diagnosis (CM), SCS, MIR‐predicted mastitis probability (MIRprob), MIR + SCS‐predicted mastitis probability (MIRSCSprob) and lactoferrin estimates (LF). Data for this study were collected within the routine milk recording and health monitoring system of Austria from 2014 to 2021 and included records of approximately 54,000 Fleckvieh cows. Analyses were performed in two datasets, including test‐day records from 5 to 150 or 5 to 305 days in milk. Prediction models were applied to obtain MIR‐ and SCS‐based phenotypes (MIRprob, MIRSCSprob, LF). To estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations bivariate linear animal models were applied for all traits. A lactation model was used for CM, defined as a binary trait, and a test‐day model for all other continuous traits. In addition to the random animal genetic effect, the fixed effects year‐season of calving and parity‐age at calving and the random permanent environmental effect were considered in all models. For CM the random herd‐year effect, for continuous traits the random herd‐test day effect and the covariate days in milk (linear and quadratic) were additionally fitted. The obtained genetic parameters were similar in both datasets. The heritability found for CM was expectedly low (h2 = 0.02). For SCS and MIRSCSprob, heritability estimates ranged from 0.23 to 0.25, and for MIRprob and LF from 0.15 to 0.17. CM was highly correlated with SCS and MIRSCSprob (ra = 0.85 to 0.88). Genetic correlations of CM were moderate with MIRprob (ra = 0.26 and 0.37) during 150 and 305 days in milk, respectively and low with LF (h2 = 0.10 and 0.11). However, basic selection index calculations indicate that the added value of the new MIR‐predicted phenotypes is limited for genetic evaluation of udder health.
PBAC: A pathway‐based attention convolution neural network for predicting clinical drug treatment responses
Authors: Deng Dexun , Xu Xiaoqiang , Cui Ting , Xu Mingcong , Luo Kunpeng , Zhang Han , Wang Qiuyu , Song Chao , Li Chao , Li Guohua , Shang Desi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrecise and personalized drug application is crucial in the clinical treatment of complex diseases. Although neural networks offer a new approach to improving drug strategies, their internal structure is difficult to interpret. Here, we propose PBAC (Pathway‐Based Attention Convolution neural network), which integrates a deep learning framework and attention mechanism to address the complex biological pathway information, thereby provide a biology function‐based robust drug responsiveness prediction model. PBAC has four layers: gene‐pathway layer, attention layer, convolution layer and fully connected layer. PBAC improves the performance of predicting drug responsiveness by focusing on important pathways, helping us understand the mechanism of drug action in diseases. We validated the PBAC model using data from four chemotherapy drugs (Bortezomib, Cisplatin, Docetaxel and Paclitaxel) and 11 immunotherapy datasets. In the majority of datasets, PBAC exhibits superior performance compared to traditional machine learning methods and other research approaches (area under curve = 0.81, the area under the precision‐recall curve = 0.73). Using PBAC attention layer output, we identified some pathways as potential core cancer regulators, providing good interpretability for drug treatment prediction. In summary, we presented PBAC, a powerful tool to predict drug responsiveness based on the biology pathway information and explore the potential cancer‐driving pathways.
Decreased intranuclear cardiac troponin I impairs cardiac autophagy through FOS/ATG5 in ageing hearts
Authors: Liu Rui Min , Huang Shan , Hu Di , Liu Lingjuan , Sun Hui Chao , Tian Jie , Pan Bo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn our previous study, intranuclear cardiac troponin I (cTnI) may function as a co‐factor of Yin Yang 1(YY1). Here, we aimed to explore the role of intranuclear cTnI in ageing hearts. Nuclear translocation of cTnI was demonstrated using Western blot and immunofluorescence. The potential nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) of cTnI were predicted by a web server and then verified in 293T cells by putative NLS‐eGFP‐GST and NLS‐mutant transfection. The ratio of Nuclear cTnI/ Total cTnI (Nu/T) decreased significantly in ageing hearts, accompanied with ATG5‐decline‐related impaired cardiac autophagy. RNA sequencing was performed in cTnI knockout hearts. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed by overlapping with YY1 ChIP‐sequencing data. cTnI gain and loss experiments in vitro determined those filtered DEGs' expression levels. A strong correlation was found between expression patterns cTnI and FOS. Using ChIP‐q‐PCR, we demonstrated that specific binding DNA sequences of cTnI were enriched in the FOS promoter −299 to −157 region. It was further verified that pcDNA3.1 (−)‐cTnI could increase the promoter activity of FOS by using luciferase report assay. At last, we found that FOS can regulate the ATG5 (autophagy‐related gene 5) gene by using a luciferase report assay. Taken together, our results indicate that decreased intranuclear cTnI in ageing hearts may cause impaired cardiac autophagy through the FOS/ATG5 pathway.
Long‐term effectiveness and persistence rate of ustekinumab dose intensification in a South East Asian inflammatory bowel disease center
Authors: Lim Chong‐Teik , Tay Shu‐Wen , Elangovan Sakktivel , Ong Wan‐Chee , Lim Gek‐Hsiang , Salazar Ennaliza , Chan Webber P W , Tan Malcolm T K 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsUstekinumab (UST) is an effective biologic for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, some patients treated with UST have suboptimal clinical response with standard dosing. The aims of this study were to determine the effectiveness of UST dose intensification (DI), identify factors associated with DI, cumulative incidence of DI and persistence of UST among treated patients.MethodsClinical data of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) who received UST from September 2017 to October 2022 in Singapore General Hospital were collected. Primary outcome was defined as achieving corticosteroid‐free clinical remission, biochemical remission, endoscopic healing and/or transmural healing (CD). Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors, which are predictive of UST DI and effectiveness of UST DI.ResultsForty‐two patients (34 CD and 8 UC) underwent UST DI to either 6‐weekly (n = 19, 45.2%) or 4‐weekly (n = 23, 35.9%) and the median time to intensification was 31.1 weeks (17.8–65.7). Presence of perianal disease in CD (HR 4.9; 1.47–16.4) was associated with DI. After DI, 16 (38%) patients achieved primary outcome by week 52. The overall drug persistence rates at 1 year and 2 years were 75.7% (95% CI 62.9–84.6) and 63.5% (95% CI 49.9–74.3), respectively.ConclusionTwo third of IBD patients underwent DI while on UST treatment and the median time to DI was about 6 months after induction. CD patients with perianal disease is more likely to undergo DI. More than one third of dose‐intensified patients achieved remission by week 52.
Optimal follow‐up with somatostatin receptor PET/CT imaging in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Ohlsson Håkan , Spaak Elisabeth , Gålne Anni , Sundlöv Anna , Almquist Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSomatostatin receptor positron emission tomography with computerised tomography imaging (SRI) has a high sensitivity for the detection of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (siNET), which makes it ideal for follow‐up. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether follow‐up with SRI in patients with siNET led to any change in the treatment of the patient and if patient and/or tumour factors were associated with such change. Adults with siNET who had undergone at least two SRI scans between 2013 and 2021 were identified. Data on age, sex, comorbidities, tumour stage, grade, and most recent levels of serum Chromogranin A (CgA) and 24‐h urine 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) before each SRI scan were obtained. The major change was defined as new treatment previously not received or discontinuation of ongoing treatment. Univariate and multivariate mixed models logistic regression on variables with a presumed biological relationship with major change and with backwards stepwise exclusion of variables with p > .1 was performed. A total of 164 patients with siNET diagnosis had undergone 570 SRI scans. The median follow‐up was 3.1 years. Only 82 of 570, 14%, of SRI scans led to a major change in treatment. Female sex, age below 75 years, elevated or missing CgA, elevated or missing urine 5‐HIAA, progress on last SRI scan and distant extrahepatic disease were all independently associated with increased odds ratios for major change after follow‐up with SRI. A small proportion of SRI scans (14%) led to a major change in treatment. Six independent risk factors with increased odds of major change, all available before each SRI scan, were identified. While validation of these risk factors is needed in a separate cohort, these findings could help clinicians individualise follow‐up for siNET patients in the future.
The e‐cigarette assessment for youth—Revised (EAsY‐R): Preliminary results of a pilot study of measure refinement via cognitive interviewing
Authors: Hartmann Sarah A. , Cristello Julie V. , Manresa Odette , Trucco Elisa M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of youth vaping has, in a relatively short time, become an “epidemic.” In the wake of such labeling by the Surgeon General, a number of important examinations of vaping have been conducted. These have largely focused on high school and college‐age youth as this demographic shows the greatest prevalence of use. Nonetheless, no measure has been made available which might allow for the comprehensive assessment of quantity and frequency of vaping among this age group, thus aiding in standardization across settings. The current study utilized cognitive interviews with high school and college‐age youth who use vaping devices to inform the preliminary development of such an assessment. The sample consists of eight students between the ages of 15 and 24 (Mage = 18.75, SD = 2.73, 62.5% female, 75.0% Hispanic/Latino/a/x, 100.0% White). Interviewing and measure refinement were conducted in a two‐phase iterative fashion. Suggestions made during cognitive interviews resulted in the refinement of assessed content type, updated categories and pictures of vaping devices, as well as updated and age‐relevant terminology. Further, instructions were streamlined, and assessment items and multiple‐choice options were refined to maximize clarity and to minimize participant confusion. The result of this study, the E‐Cigarette Assessment for Youth Revised, is a unique tool for standardizing examinations of the quantity and frequency of vaping behaviors among high school students and college‐age youth.