bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Aboriginal health data capture: evidence from a health registry evaluation
Authors: HARPER S. L. , EDGE V. L. , SCHUSTER-WALLACE C. J. , AR-RUSHDI M. , McEWEN S. A. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThe lack of high-quality health information for accurately estimating burdens of disease in some Aboriginal populations is a challenge for developing effective and relevant public health programmes and for health research. We evaluated data from a health registry system that captured patient consultations, provided by Labrador Grenfell Health (Labrador, Canada). The goal was to evaluate the registry's utility and attributes using modified CDC guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems. Infectious gastrointestinal illness data were used as a reference syndrome to determine various aspects of data collection and quality. Key-informant interviews were conducted to provide information about system utility. The study uncovered limitations in data quality and accessibility, resulting in region-specific recommendations including conversion to an electronic system. More generally, this study emphasized how a systematic and standardized evaluation of health registry systems can help address challenges to obtaining quality health data in often remote areas where many Aboriginal communities are found.
VICTORIANS LIVE
Authors: Sussman Herbert 
Published: December 2010

Waterhouse RevisitedCAROLE G. SILVERYoung VictoriaGAIL TURLEY HOUSTONDarwin in the Greater Britain of the Southern HemisphereE. WARWICK SLINNSteampunk at OxfordHERBERT SUSSMANPlaying with Pictures: The Art of Victorian PhotocollageTALIA SCHAFFER
Pathway analysis of
Candida albicans
survival and virulence determinants in a murine infection model
Authors: Becker Jeffrey M. , Kauffman Sarah J. , Hauser Melinda , Huang Liyin , Lin Molly , Sillaots Susan , Jiang Bo , Xu Deming , Roemer Terry 
Published: December 2010

One potentially rich source of possible targets for antifungal therapy are those
Candida albicans
genes deemed essential for growth under the standard culture (i.e., in vitro) conditions; however, these genes are largely unexplored as drug targets because essential genes are not experimentally amenable to conventional gene deletion and virulence studies. Using tetracycline-regulatable promoter-based conditional mutants, we investigated a murine model of candidiasis in which repressing essential genes in the host was achieved. By adding doxycycline to the drinking water starting 3 days prior to (dox - 3D) or 2 days post (dox + 2D) infection, the phenotypic consequences of temporal gene inactivation were assessed by monitoring animal survival and fungal burden in prophylaxis and acute infection settings. Of 177 selected conditional shut-off strains tested, the virulence of 102 was blocked under both repressing conditions, suggesting that the corresponding genes are essential for growth and survival in a murine host across early and established infection periods. Among these genes were those previously identified as antifungal drug targets (i.e.,
FKS1
,
ERG1
, and
ERG11
), verifying that this methodology can be used to validate potential new targets. We also identify genes either conditionally essential or dispensable for in vitro growth but required for survival and virulence, including those in late stage ergosterol synthesis, or early steps in fatty acid or riboflavin biosynthesis. This study evaluates the role of essential genes with respect to pathogen virulence in a large-scale, systems biology context, and provides a general method for gene target validation and for uncovering unexpected antimicrobial targets.
Hormone‐sensitive Lipase (HSL) Expression and Regulation By Epinephrine and Exercise in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Donsmark Morten , Langfort Jozef , Ploug Thorkil , Holm Cecilia , Enevoldsen Lotte H. , Stallknecht Bente , Kjaer Michael , Ihlemann Jacob , Galbo Henrik 
Published: December 2010

Triacylglycerol (TG) is stored in lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle. The energy content of the TG depot is higher than the energy content of the muscle glycogen depot. The enzymatic regulation of intracellular TG hydrolysis in skeletal muscle has not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the expression and the regulation of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) in skeletal muscle. This enzyme is a neutral lipase and known as the rate‐limiting enzyme of intracellular TG hydrolysis in adipose tissue. The total and the activated form of the neutral lipase are referred to as MOME and TO, respectively. In isolated rat skeletal muscle fibers, the presence of HSL was demonstrated by Western blotting. The expression of HSL was correlated to fiber type, being higher in oxidative than in glycolytic fibers. In incubated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles stimulation with epinephrine or electrically induced contractions increased neutral lipase activity against triolein (TO), but not against a diacylglycerol analogue (MOME). Glycogen phosphorylase activity increased in parallel with TO activity. No measurable increase in muscle homogenate TO activity existed in the presence of an anti‐HSL antibody. The effect of epinephrine could be blocked by propanolol and mimicked by incubation of a crude supernatant from control muscle with the catalytic subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase. The effect of contractions was transient as TO activity declined to basal levels after 10 min of electrical stimulation. Indicating involvement of protein kinase C the effect of contractions was abolished by Calphostin C. Okadaic acid doubled the contraction‐mediated increase in TO activity, whereas the increase was reversed by phosphatase treatment. The effects of epinephrine and contractions were partially additive. In rats training increased epinephrine‐stimulated TO activity and HSL concentration in adipose tissue but not in muscle. In humans, at the end of 60 min of exercise muscle, TO activity was increased in healthy, but not in adrenalectomized, subjects. In conclusion, HSL is present in skeletal muscle and can be activated by phosphorylation by both epinephrine and muscle contractions. In addition, HSL and glycogen phosphorylase are stimulated in parallel in muscle indicating simultaneous activation of triacylglycerol and glycogen breakdown.
MASISH: a database for gene expression in maize seeds
Authors: Miquel M. , López-Ribera I. , Ràmia M. , Casillas S. , Barbadilla A. , Vicient C. M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Grass seeds are complex organs composed by multiple tissues and cell types that develop coordinately to produce a viable embryo. The identification of genes involved in seed development is of great interest, but systematic spatial analyses of gene expression on maize seeds at the cell level have not yet been performed. MASISH is an online database holding information for gene expression spatial patterns in maize seeds based on in situ hybridization experiments. The web-based query interface allows the execution of gene queries and provides hybridization images, published references and information of the analyzed genes.
Availability: http://masish.uab.cat/.
Contact: cvsgmp@cid.csic.es
Use of Mixolab in Predicting Rice Quality
Authors: Xie Lihong , Chen Neng , Tang Shaoqing , Luo Ju , Jiao Guiai , Hu Peisong 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTMixolab is a new instrument with capability to measure starch pasting properties on actual dough. It characterizes dough rheological behavior using a dual constraints of mixing and temperature. Rice samples (183) collected from 15 provinces across China were tested to determine the possibility of using Mixolab in predicting rice quality. Mixolab measurements, torque (Nm) at different mixing and heating stages (C1 to C5) were compared with rice quality characteristics (gelatinization temperature and consistency, amylose and protein contents), Rapid Visco‐Analyser (RVA) parameters and sensory assessments scores of cooked rice. Our results showed that Mixolab parameters were good indicators of amylose and protein content and quality suggested by significant correlations among Mixolab parameters, and between Mixolab and RVA measurements. Based on a subsample of 30 rice cultivars, correlation coefficients between the Mixolab parameter C4 and sensory assessment characteristics of palatability and total sensory score was negatively significant (P < 0.05). Cb (C3 – C4) was also significantly correlated with flavor (P < 0.05). The rice samples that gave high palatability and total sensory scores had low C4 values and low amylose contents. The cooked rice with high flavor had high values of Cb and GT but low protein content. It is possible to determine physicochemical properties of rice flour and sensory characteristics of cooked rice using Mixolab parameters.
In Vitro Digestion of RS4‐Type Resistant Wheat and Potato Starches, and Fermentation of Indigestible Fractions
Authors: Thompson Lilian U. , Maningat Clodualdo C. , Woo Kyungsoo , Seib Paul A. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTRS4‐type resistant wheat starch (RWS) and resistant potato starch (RPS) were subjected successively to in vitro digestion with pepsin and pancreatin‐bile, and the indigestible residues (82.1% db and 74.1% db, respectively) were recovered and subsequently fermented by in vitro techniques using fresh human fecal microbiota as inoculum. Scanning electron microscopy of the indigestible residues showed surface erosion on the residual granules. Total gas production during the in vitro fermentation increased almost linearly over time with the two resistant starches exhibiting similar gas production rates, as well as a similar rate of production of total short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA). The indigestible fractions from both starches produced acetate as the major SCFA and relatively higher levels of butyrate than propionate, but wheat starch tended to produce more butyrate over time than potato starch. Fractional molar ratios of acetate, propionate, and butyrate from the RWS and RPS were 0.586:0.186:0.228 and 0.577:0.200:0.223, respectively. The calculated caloric contributions of the RWS and RPS are ≈33% lower than for unmodified starch and are comparable to those reported in the literature for RS2 and RS3 high‐amylose maize starches.
Management of relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents
Authors: Daw Stephen , Wynn Rob , Wallace Hamish 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThere are a number of options for salvage treatment in children and adolescents with relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. These include salvage with standard dose chemotherapy, high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant, allogeneic stem cell transplant or other novel approach. Radiotherapy has an important role in the salvage of some patients as part of a combined modality approach. This review outlines these salvage approaches and discusses whether the evidence from paediatric studies justifies a risk‐adapted approach to salvage for individual patients or whether all patients should receive consolidation with high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, which is often described as standard salvage management in adults. The important prognostic factors and how these may be used to allocate patients to standard versus high dose chemotherapy regimens are discussed. The role of allogeneic transplantation, novel agents and late effects will also be discussed.
Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Pronephros of Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 (Chelonian Reptiles)
Authors: Chimenti C. , Accordi F. 
Published: December 2010

With 4 figuresSummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and ultrastructure of the pronephros of Testudo hermanni as observed in the earlier part of its development. This paired structure appears during renal ontogenesis and originates from the first somites localised in the cephalic part of the embryo. The first pronephric evidence is noted at stage 12. The kidney is composed of large glomeruli that are devoid of a capsule and protrude into the coelomic cavity. A ciliated nephrostome provides access to short renal tubules, lined with a well‐developed brush border. Two nephric ducts on the lateral sides of the embryo are connected to the tubules. The cytological characteristics of the pronephric structure suggest that it might be functional, at least in the first part of development. The pronephros of Testudo hermanni regresses after a short time around stage 18, while the mesonephros is already well differentiated. Its plesiomorphic characteristics, similar to those observed in amphibians, might be related to the phyletic position of chelonians within the reptiles.
Dothistromin biosynthesis genes allow inter‐ and intraspecific differentiation between Dothistroma pine needle blight fungi
Authors: Mcdougal R. L. , Schwelm A. , Bradshaw R. E. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryDothistroma septosporum and D. pini are the causal agents of Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) of Pinus spp. in natural forests and plantations. The main aim of this study was to develop molecular diagnostic procedures to distinguish between isolates within D. septosporum, for use in biosecurity and forest health surveillance programmes. This is of particular interest for New Zealand where the population is clonal and introduction of a new isolate of the opposite mating type could have serious consequences. Areas of diversity in the dothistromin toxin gene clusters were identified in D. septosporum (51 isolates) and D. pini (6 isolates) and used as the basis of two types of diagnostic tests. PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of part of the dothistromin polyketide synthase gene (pksA) enabled distinction between two groups of D. septosporum isolates (A and B) as well as distinguishing D. septosporum and D. pini. The intergenic region between the epoA and avfA genes allowed further resolution between some of the A group isolates in RFLP assays. These regions were analysed further to develop a rapid real‐time PCR method for diagnosis by high‐resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis. The pksA gene enabled rapid discrimination between D. septosporum and D. pini, whilst the epoA–avfA region distinguished the New Zealand isolate from most other isolates in the collection, including some isolates from DNB epidemics in Canada and Europe. Although this study is focused on differences between the New Zealand isolate and other global isolates, this type of diagnostic system could be used more generally for high‐throughput screening of D. septosporum isolates.
MRSA – global threat and personal disaster: patients' experiences
Authors: Andersson H. , Lindholm C. , Fossum B. 
Published: December 2010

ANDERSSON H., LINDHOLM C. & FOSSUM B. (2011) MRSA – global threat and personal disaster: patients' experiences. International Nursing Review58, 47–53Aim:  To ascertain and describe the patients' knowledge, perceptions and experiences of being methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) positive.Background:  Antibiotic resistant bacteria are a serious global threat. MRSA can cause wound infection, pneumonia, septicaemia and mortality. This qualitative study has focused on patients' experiences of living with MRSA.Methods:  Fifteen patients with MRSA‐infected wounds were interviewed. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to content analysis.Findings:  Information about the MRSA diagnosis often caused a shock‐like reaction. Patients' perception of being MRSA positive was stigmatizing as plague or leprosy; they felt dirty and felt that they were a severe threat to their environment. Fears of infecting someone else and being rejected were commonly expressed. The key findings emerged as a theme: Being exposed to others' shortcomings and being a threat to others' health. Three categories were identified: understanding and emotional reactions, treatment by the healthcare professionals and consequences and expectations. Gaps in both patient and staff knowledge of MRSA led to unnecessary misunderstandings, causing fear, social isolation and suffering.Conclusions:  Living with MRSA can be extremely stressful for the patients. Knowledge and empathy from staff involved in their care is crucial to optimize patients' experiences. Staff education to meet patients' demand for information and prevent contamination is essential.
Victim or Victimizer: Firm Responses to Government Corruption
Authors: Galang Roberto Martin N. 
Published: December 2010

abstractWhat is the relationship between government corruption and firm performance? To address this question, I conduct a review of articles published in the leading management journals on government‐business interactions pertaining to rent‐seeking activities and integrate findings from the fields of international business, social issues in management, public organization, institutional change, and corporate political activity. I find that while much empirical work corroborates the earlier findings suggesting a corrosive impact of government corruption on firm performance in general, management research also points to the heterogeneous impact of government corruption on individual firm performance, driven by the strategic activities conducted by firms in response to corruption. I propose an integrative model of firm strategy vis‐à‐vis corruption that predicts the activity choice of the firm as predicated by its organizational structure, political resources, industry regulation, and surrounding political and social institutions.
A DIRECT ADVANCE ON ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
Authors: SHAW DAVID 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTAdvance directives (ADs), which are also sometimes referred to as ‘living wills’, are statements made by a person that indicate what treatment she should not be given in the event that she is not competent to consent or refuse at the future moment in question. As such, ADs provide a way for patients to make decisions in advance about what treatments they do not want to receive, without doctors having to find proxy decision‐makers or having recourse to the doctrine of necessity. While patients can request particular treatments in an AD, only refusals are binding. This paper will examine whether ADs safeguard the autonomy and best interests of the incompetent patient, and whether legislating for the use of ADs is justified, using the specific context of the legal situation in the United Kingdom to illustrate the debate. The issue of whether the law should permit ADs is itself dependent on the issue of whether ADs are ethically justified; thus we must answer a normative question in order to answer the legislative one. It emerges that ADs suffer from two major problems, one related to autonomy and one to consent. First, ADs’ emphasis on precedent autonomy effectively sentences some people who want to live to death. Second, many ADs might not meet the standard criteria for informed refusal of treatment, because they fail on the crucial criterion of sufficient information. Ultimately, it transpires that ADs are typically only appropriate for patients who temporarily lose physical or mental capacity.
Modelling method of recursive entity
Authors: Amal Rifai , Messoussi Rochdi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWith the development of the Information and Communication Technologies, great masses of information are published in the Web. In order to reuse, to share and to organise them in distance formation and e‐learning frameworks, several research projects have been achieved and various standards and modelling languages developed. In our previous article, the limits of theses languages were examined and a new method named the recursive entity modelling method (REMM) was established to overcome these limits. But, when it was revised, some limitations were discovered. So, in this paper, an improved version of the REMM will be proposed, and the diagram of classes for a scenario modelled by this version will be established. In addition, both the learning scenario package and the generic XML schema permitting to implement these scenarios will be conceived.
THE ONE STORY: A CRITIQUE OF DAVID KELSEY'S THEOLOGICAL ROBOTICS
Authors: PICKSTOCK CATHERINE 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this article I argue that David Kelsey's approach to theological anthropology is problematic. I argue that a narrative basis proves inadequate to establish the doctrine of the Trinity and its relationship to human beings. Similarly, a Reformed humanist starting point, together with a Reformed extrinsicist account of revelation, I argue, cannot arrive at an orthodox Christology or an account of humanity as a divine gift. By bypassing ontology in favour of narrative and positivity, Kelsey is ironically forced to deny the truth of many passages of the Bible, especially the opening of Genesis, and to reject the Biblical doctrine of the image of God in humanity.
THE LOST LEGACY OF ANSELM'S ARGUMENT: RE‐THINKING THE PURPOSE OF PROOFS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD
Authors: SCHUMACHER LYDIA 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn his Proslogion, Anselm presents a proof for God's existence which has attracted a tremendous amount of scholarly attention. In spite of all that has been said about this proof and proofs for God's existence more generally, scholarly consensus seems to dissipate when it comes to determining whether theistic proofs are persuasive and sound. In this article, I will argue that there is a way to provide compelling proof for the existence of God. To substantiate this claim, I will not attempt to prove that God exists apart from His revelation in any of the ways that have been advocated by various philosophers of religion. Rather, I will endeavor to explain that Anselm's approach to offering evidence for God's existence is quite different from the approach that modern philosophers tend to attribute to him and to elaborate on what that approach involves by reading Anselm's argument in the context of Augustine's De Trinitate and the whole of the Proslogion.
EVIDENCING THE ESCHATON: PROGRESSIVE‐TRANSFORMATIVE ANIMAL WELFARE IN THE CHURCH FATHERS
Authors: McLAUGHLIN RYAN PATRICK 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe author aims to retrieve and creatively develop a strand of Christian thought, stretching from early Christian interpretations of biblical data through the hagiographies of the saints into modern Christian thought, which provides a foundation for concern over the welfare of nonhuman animals. To provide the framework for this strand, the author explores the theology of Irenaeus of Lyons and Ephrem the Syrian. First, he considers their positions regarding the place of nonhuman animals in protology and eschatology. Then, he notes their view that the created order is in via toward its eschatological consummation. With this framework in place, he turns to other voices in the Christian tradition, including the hagiographies of the saints, in order to further develop the framework. Ultimately, the author suggests that, within this particular strand of Christian thought, the further a human being progresses along the path of redemption, the more he or she ought to serve as a prolepsis of eschatological hope, which includes peaceful relationships between humans and animals.
ON “THOMISTIC KABBALAH”
Authors: MILBANK JOHN 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Christian Bible was from the outset a dogmatic and Christological conception, which entailed a mystical reading of signs and events, a practise of speculation at once narratological and phenomenological. The trilogy of Olivier‐Thomas Venard OP – Thomas d'Aquin, poète théologien – is proposed as crucial to understanding how Thomas Aquinas preserves the authentic biblical character of Christian theology, proceeding along the diagonal axis of the mystagogical, an axis neither purely vertical nor purely horizontal but a blending of both at once. Here a reading of Aquinas is offered as initiating a participational ‘linguistic turn’, an alternative modernity that can heal the dissociation of the science of being from the phenomenal and hermeneutical embeddings in which human life is constituted.