bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Artificial Lipid‐Based Membrane Sensor with High Selectivity and Sensitivity to the Bitterness of Drugs and with High Correlation with Sensory Score
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshikazu , Hamada Hikari , Yamaguchi Yasuhiro , Ikezaki Hidekazu , Toko Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper reports the development of membrane sensors based on an artificial lipid and plasticizers with high selectivity and sensitivity to drug bitterness by using bis(1‐butylpentyl) adipate (BBPA), bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sebacate (BEHS), phosphoric acid tris(2‐ethylhexyl) ester (PTEH), and tributyl o‐acetylcitrate (TBAC) as a plasticizer and phosphoric acid di‐n‐decyl ester (PADE) as an artificial lipid to optimize surface hydrophobicity of the sensors. In addition, a sensor with highly correlated bitterness sensory score was developed by blending BBPA and TBAC to detect the bitterness suppression effect of sucrose, and other bitter‐masking materials. Therefore, this sensor can be used to evaluate the bitterness of various drug formulations with high accuracy. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Snapback Phenomena in VDMOS Transistor having the High Second Breakdown Current: A High ESD Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Hatasako Kenichi , Yamamoto Fumitoshi , Uenishi Akio , Kuroi Takashi , Maegawa Shigeto 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe proposed the balanced vertical double ‐ diffused MOS (B‐VDMOS) transistor. The B‐VDMOS transistor is not destroyed by avalanche breakdown and acquires the high second breakdown current. Owing to the high second breakdown current, the B‐VDMOS transistor has high electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness. This paper presents the mechanism of the snapback phenomena and clarifies the cause that the B‐VDMOS transistor has the high second breakdown current. We find the cause that current does not become concentrated even after avalanche breakdown in the B‐VDMOS transistor. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Three‐Stage Method for Selecting Informative Genes for Cancer Classification
Authors: Mohamad Mohd Saberi , Omatu Sigeru , Deris Safaai , Yoshioka Michifumi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGene expression data produced by microarray machines are useful for cancer classification. However, the process of gene selection for the classification faces a major problem because of the properties of the data such as the small number of samples compared with the huge number of genes (high‐dimensional data), irrelevant genes, and noisy data. Hence, this paper proposes a three‐stage method to select a small subset of informative genes which is most relevant for the cancer classification. It has three stages: (i) pre‐selecting genes using a filter method to produce a subset of genes; (ii) optimizing the gene subset using a multi‐objective hybrid method to yield near‐optimal subsets of genes; (iii) analyzing the frequency of appearance of each gene in the different near‐optimal gene subsets to produce a small (final) subset of informative genes. Five gene expression data sets are used to test the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to other experimental methods and related previous works. A list of informative genes in the final gene subset is also presented for biological usage. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Particle Swarm Optimization Based Global Descent Method
Authors: Qian Chen , Yasuda Keiichiro 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis letter proposes a new global descent method based on not only the concept of a conventional descent method in mathematical programming but also the concept of search direction in particle swarm optimization (PSO) in metaheuristics. The proposed method, called particle swarm optimization based global descent method (PSOGDM), consists of two main procedures; (i) determination of search direction and (ii) global optimization for given search direction. Although the search direction that has three parameters is decided based on the concept of PSO, the proposed PSOGDM is a single‐point search different from PSO. Global optimization for a given search direction is performed by PSO. The search capability of the proposed PSOGDM is examined based on the results of numerical experiments using five typical benchmark problems. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ensemble Stimulation of Embryoid Bodies using Substrate‐Embedded Electrodes
Authors: Takayama Yuzo , Moriguchi Hiroyuki , Saito Atushi , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPrecise control of differentiation processes of pluripotent stem cells is essential for regeneration medicine, and electrical stimulation is one of the promising techniques, particularly for the regulation of neuronal regeneration. In the present study, we developed substrates with embedded electrodes, which allowed ensemble electrical stimulation of embryoid bodies (EBs). Microcavity‐array patterns were fabricated on substrates with embedded electrodes. Uniform‐size EBs of P19 cells were prepared, inserted one by one in each microcavity, and electrical stimulation was applied through substrate electrodes. Stimulus‐induced intracellular calcium transients were successfully monitored by fluorescence imaging. The results suggested that this method would be useful for applying precisely controlled electrical stimulation to a large number of EBs of stem cells. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Power Distribution Protection System Design with Momentary Interruption Consideration
Authors: Wattanasophon Sirichai , Eua‐arporn Bundhit 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn objective of protection system design is to support the system to serve its customers with highly reliable and low‐cost power supply. In this paper, a radial distribution protection system design is formulated as a binary integer programming problem to identify number, types, and locations of the protective devices in order to optimize system total cost. The formulated problem takes into account not only the reliability of system components' but also the cost of utility investment and customer interruption, which comprises permanent and momentary interruption. The proposed method has been tested with an actual system with satisfactory results, from which it clearly shows the necessity of the inclusion of the customer interruption cost into the design problem. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Crosstalk Simulation for Parallel Microstrip Lines with a Nonlinear Capacitive Load Using the Dynamic C‐V Characteristic
Authors: Watanabe Takemi , Matsumoto Fujihiko , Miyazawa Toshio , Noguchi Yasuaki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCrosstalk analysis is getting more important for avoiding malfunction of circuits. In this paper, crosstalk analysis of parallel microstrip lines with a nonlinear capacitive load is described. A characteristic of the nonlinear capacitive load is changed by a rapidly change of an applied voltage of the load. The change of the characteristic induces a complicated reflected wave that causes complicated crosstalk. To simulate such crosstalk precisely, the dynamic C‐V characteristic can be used. However, if the dynamic C‐V characteristic is complicated, it takes a long time to simulate the crosstalk by using a conventional method. Thus, a simulation method using a recurrence formula is introduced. The recurrence formula is derived from a function of the dynamic C‐V characteristic simply. The calculated results computed by using the introduced method agree with the measured crosstalk and the introduced method is superior in computation time to the conventional method. It is confirmed that the introduced method is effective in crosstalk simulation. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stability Analysis of Cascaded DC–DC Power Electronic System
Authors: Mummadi Veerachary , Singamaneni Bala Sudhakar 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStability analysis of the cascaded dc‐dc power electronic system is analyzed in this paper. For demonstration boost converter supplying, the hybrid switched capacitor converter considered as an example. The boost converter is acting as the bus converter, 42 V bus, while the switched capacitor converter is serving as the point of load converter. The two converters are provided with voltage‐mode and peak current‐mode controllers, respectively. Converter state‐space, two‐port network models are developed and then stability of the cascaded system has been analyzed. Cascaded system interaction effects, (i) source converter power handling capability with switching load and (ii) load converter interfacing capability with bus converter, are analyzed. Simulation and experimental results are provided for verification purpose. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On Verification and Parameter Design in Hybrid Automaton Using Invariant
Authors: Wang LiLi , Zanma Tadanao , Ishida Muneaki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInvariants for hybrid automata are determined from predicates that are constant for every reachable state in the automata. These invariants can be used to verify a given specification by exploiting their characteristics. In this paper, a switched system driven by discrete inputs is used as an example of a hybrid dynamical system. For the system, we propose a verification method for a given specification based on the concept of invariants and a design policy of parameters with which the given specification is satisfied. Some numerical and experimental results are provided to show the validity of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes on Fly Ashes by Chemical Vapor Deposition Processing
Authors: Yasui Akihiro , Kamiya Yasuhiro , Sugiyama Shota , Ono Shingo , Noda Hidetomo , Ichikawa Yo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFly ashes are the waste product following the combustion of coal. Disposal of fly ashes is a serious environmental problem; therefore, finding a new utilization of fly ashes is highly demanded. Carbon nano‐structures have been widely studied as key materials in a wide range of applications, including sensing, saturable absorber, and so on, because of its optical and electromagnetic absorption property. Adding the property of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to fly ashes expands applications of fly ashes. In this paper, we present the fabrication of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on fly ashes by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, which result in simple, low‐cost, large‐amount production of MWCNTs. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Application of Thermal Analysis for Clarification of Degradation Characteristics of Silicone Rubber Exposed to Partial Arc Discharge
Authors: Haji Kenichi , Hirano Kimitaka , Sakoda Tatsuya , Otsubo Masahisa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo investigate the temperature distribution on the surface of a silicone rubber exposed to partial arc discharges, numerical analyses on thermal characteristics were carried out. The preliminary calculations indicated that there was no dependence of mesh and time step. The temperature on the specimen surface became high in the middle of the discharge gap while those at points of contact between an arc discharge and tips of glass‐filter paper used as electrodes became low. The thermal diffusion from the points of contact between the arc discharge and the tips of glass‐filter paper into electrolyte electrodes caused the temperature decrease at such points. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Non‐invasive fetal lung assessment using diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Lee W. , Krisko A. , Shetty A. , Yeo L. , Hassan S. S. , Gotsch F. , Mody S. , Gonçalves L. F. , Romero R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe main goal was to develop a reproducible method for estimating the diffusion of water in human fetal lung tissue using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). A secondary objective was to determine the relationship of the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in the fetal lung to menstrual age and total lung volume.MethodsNormal pregnant volunteers were scanned on a 1.5‐Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The MRI system was equipped with 40‐mT/m gradients (slew rate 200 T/m/s, rise time 0.2 ms). A six‐channel body array coil was used for signal reception. Single‐shot DWI utilized TE/TR 125/3400 ms, slice thickness 4 mm, field of view 280 mm × 280 mm, interslice gap 0.8 mm and a matrix of 128 × 128. The voxel size was 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm × 4.0 mm. Two b‐values (0 and 1000) were chosen along three orthogonal directions. ADC maps were created using assigned b‐values. Simple linear regression was performed with Pearson correlation coefficient. Interexaminer and intraexaminer bias, and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were determined using Bland–Altman plots.ResultsForty‐seven scans were performed at a mean ± SD of 29.2 ± 4.5 weeks. The median coefficient of variation for ADC was 5.6% (interquartile range, 4.0–8.1%). No differences in ADC values were found between right and left lungs. Normally distributed ADC measurements were not significantly correlated with either total lung volume (r2 = 0.0001, P = 0.94) or menstrual age (r2 = 0.003, P = 0.70). The mean ADC value was 1.75 (95% CI, 1.63–1.86). Mean ± SD intraexaminer bias was −0.15 ± 2.3 (95% LOA, −4.7 to + 4.4) and interexaminer bias was 2.2 ± 3.5 (95% LOA, −4.7 to + 9.1).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that ADC measurements of the fetal lung are reproducible between blinded examiners and are independent of menstrual age, as well as lung volume. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photostabilizing effect of some thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) in the presence of filler
Authors: Braun D. , Rabie S.T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe commercial stabilizers Ca‐Zn stearate and dibutyltin‐S,S′‐di(isooctyl thioglycolate) have been investigated as photostabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in the presence of two types of CaCO3 as filler (natural and modified). The results reveal the costabilizing efficiency of CaCO3, especially the natural type, when it is used in concentrations of 1–30% by weight. The stabilizing efficiency of CaCO3 is indicated by the longer induction period and the lower rate of dehydrochlorination. The stabilizing effect of CaCO3 may be attributed because of its opacity and action as a screening agent by reflecting ultraviolet light, thereby hindering the penetration of the light into the polymer matrix. In addition, CaCO3 has the ability to absorb the HCl evolved during processing. The slight difference in the stabilizing effect of natural CaCO3 compared to that of the modified one can be attributed to the modification process, that may decrease the number of active sites on the surface of CaCO3, that in turn are responsible for the absorption of the evolved HCl. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Improvement of processing parameters by using processing aids during the linear low‐density polyethylene film blowing process
Authors: Fatehi Abbas , Sanjani Naser Sharifi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPolymer processing aids are used to improve processing properties in the polyethylene industry. These materials improve not only the physical and mechanical properties of the final products but also their processing properties. This paper studies some of the processing variables such as die pressure, melt temperature, masterbatch activity, and die gap by examining the functions of polymer processing aids and, last but not least, the effects on the film blowing process of two‐component processing aids containing a perfluorinated additive and polyoxyethylene. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Channel‐switching and power control mechanisms for improving network connectivity in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Chang Chih‐Yung , Lee Shih‐Chieh , Chen Yu‐Chieh 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) consists of fixed wireless routers, each of which provides service for mobile clients within its coverage area and inter‐connects mesh routers to form a connected mesh backbone. Wireless mesh routers are assigned with a channel or a code to prevent collisions in transmission. With a power control mechanism, each router could be assigned with a power level to control connectivity, interference, spectrum spatial reuse, and topology. Assigning high transmitting power level to a router can enhance the network connectivity but may increase the number of neighbors and worsen the collision problem. How to assign an appropriate power level to each router to improve the network connectivity with a constraint of limited channels is one of the most important issues in WMNs. Given a network topology and a set of channels that has been assigned to mesh routers, the proposed channel‐switching mechanism further reassigns each router with a power level and switches channels of routers to optimize both power efficiency and connectivity. A matrix‐based presentation and operations are proposed to respectively identify and resolve the channel switching problems. Simulation study reveals that the proposed mechanisms increase network throughput and provides a variety of route selection, and thus improves the performance of a given WMN. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Thermoelectric Properties of the Series TiCo1–xNixSnxSb1–x
Authors: Barth Joachim , Schoop M. , Gloskovskii Andrei , Shkabko Andrey , Weidenkaff Anke , Felser Claudia 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe effect of the simultaneous substitution of cobalt by nickel and antimony by tin in the solid solution TiCo1–xNixSnxSb1–x was systematically investigated. The number of valence electrons does not change by this substitution and therefore the resistivity stays semimetallic or semiconducting. The series were synthesized by arcmelting and the thermoelectric properties were determined. It was found out that the substitution of cobalt and antimony by nickel and tin reduces the thermal conductivity to 2 W·m–1·K–1 at 400 K. The reduction is caused by titanium rich prolate micro structures that were found by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy investigations. The Seebeck coefficient and the resistivity increase with increasing amounts of cobalt and antimony. The highest Power factor was found for the composition TiCo0.8Ni0.2Sn0.8Sb0.2 at 900 K with the value of 9.2 μW·cm–1·K–1.
Synthesis, Structure, and Cyclic Voltammetric Property of Metal String Complex [Ni3(dpa)4(ClO4)(Cl)]·CH2Cl2
Authors: Miao Xiao‐He , Zhu Long‐Guan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe metal string complex [Ni3(dpa)4(ClO4)(Cl)]·CH2Cl2 (1) [dpa = bis(2‐pyridyl)amine] with different axial ligands was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV/Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy and TG analysis. The molecular structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis and its electrochemical properties were investigated. This metal string complex is the first example with different axial ligands, and in its structure a different structural packing relative to the metal string complex [Ni3(dpa)4(Cl)2] (2) with two axial chloride ligands is generated. The intense C–H···π interactions observed for 1 provide additional stability. The axial mono‐substitution of Cl– by ClO4– in 1 relative to 2 results in one obviously short Ni–Ni distance and a higher stability towards oxidation.
Perceived mattering to parents and friends for university students: A longitudinal study☆
Authors: Marshall Sheila K. , Liu Yan , Wu Amery , Berzonsky Michael , Adams Gerald R. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA multiple indicators multilevel (MIML) latent growth model was used to examine university students' (N = 484) perceived mattering to mother, father, and friends over a three year period. The model was used to examine whether repeated measurements of perceived mattering remained invariant across time for all three referents, what the developmental trajectories looked like, and if the growth trajectories varied between gender groups and living arrangements. Temporal measurement invariance held for all three referents. Growth trajectories showed a significant declining slope for perceived mattering to mother only. Women perceived themselves as mattering to parents and friends more than men. Living arrangements were associated with mattering to friends but not mattering to parents.
Peri-operative use of dexmedetomidine in airway reconstruction surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Chawla S , Robinson S , Norton A , Esterman A , Taneerananon T 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the peri-operative usefulness of dexmedetomidine in obstructive sleep apnoea surgery.Methods:In a clinical audit, patients were divided into a study group (dexmedetomidine used;n = 125; 82.9 per cent males, 17.1 per cent females; mean age 48.1 years) and a control group (dexmedetomidine not used;n = 143; 85.5 per cent males, 14.5 per cent females; mean age 47.4 years). The selected outcome measures were mean arterial pressure, use of anti-hypertensives and use of opioids.Results:Mean arterial pressure was stable (i.e. below 100 mmHg) in 93.3 per cent of the study group and 72.0 per cent of the control group (relative risk 1.30, 95 per cent confidence interval 1.14–1.47). The use of glyceryl trinitrate and hydralazine was significantly less in the study group, compared with controls (p = 0.005 and <0.001, respectively). Study group patients underwent more procedures than control patients (p < 0.001) and were more likely to require morphine. No difference was noted in the median dose of opioids.Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine improves haemodynamic stability in patients undergoing surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea. It is reliable and reduces the need for polypharmacy. Its opioid-sparing action has been established in the literature; however, this was not demonstrated in our study.
‘Honeycomb’ tegmen: multiple tegmen defects associated with superior semicircular canal dehiscence
Authors: Suryanarayanan R , Lesser T H 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective:To report the coexistence of multiple tegmen defects, forming a ‘honeycomb’ pattern, together with dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal.Case reports:We describe three cases in which the above findings were noted, and we review the relevant literature.Conclusion:Superior semicircular canal dehiscence is defined as the absence of portions of bone over the canal along the floor of the middle fossa. Most published articles describe the defect as an isolated finding which is either unilateral or bilateral. Studies on temporal bones show either a defect over the superior semicircular canal or isolated defects over the tegmen. We describe three cases in which we found multiple tegmen defects, giving a characteristic honeycomb appearance, coexisting with dehiscence over the superior semicircular canal. This finding, which supports the theory of a developmental defect as the origin of the condition, has not previously been reported. A literature review is presented, with discussion of the aetiology and management of superior semicircular canal dehiscence.