bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Reactions in the Teat and Udder of the Dry Cow
Authors: Persson K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe inflammatory reactions in the teat and udder of the dry cow were studied by total and differential somatic cell counts (SCC) and by measuring bovine serum albumin, N‐acetyl‐ß‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAGase), plasminogen and plasmin. The teat and udder cisterns were surgically separated from each other in two udder quarters of each cow. Salmonella endotoxin was infused in one teat cistern and one udder quarter, and saline was infused in one teat cistern and one udder quarter. The inflammatory response was followed by several samplings post infusion.The reactions in the dry udder quarters were mainly in line with the results of similar studies in lactating glands. The differential SCC and the NAGase results were, however, somewhat different.The teats were capable of a strong inflammatory response. Reactions different from those seen in the glands were observed with regard to permeability changes and NAGase. The experimental model used showed promising results and is suitable for further studies of the inflammatory process.
Production of Interleukin 2 and Expression of Interleukin 2 Receptors by Pony Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes after Stimulation with a Soluble Fraction of Trypanosoma evansi
Authors: Ahmed J. S. , Schmid G. , Hörchner F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPony peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were stimulated with a soluble fraction of Trypanosoma (T.) evansi (SF). As determined by 3H‐thymidine incorporation, the cells underwent a proliferative response and were able to:a) produce a factor having the biological activities of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) since their supernatants could support the in vitro growth of pony PBL stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A‐blasts);b) undergo a further proliferative response when incubated in short term cultures with SF, human recombinant IL‐2 (hrIL‐2), or bothc) bind specifically radiolabelled hrIL‐2 (125I‐hrIL‐2).The date described here indicate that a soluble fraction of T. evansi stimulated pony PBL which subsequently produced IL‐2 and expressed IL‐2 receptors (IL‐2R).
Analysis of Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies to Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus using TO‐163 Strain
Authors: Honda E. , Kanemaru H. , Dong X. Y. , Ikuma M. , Somura Y. , Shibata I. , Okazaki K. , Kumagai T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNineteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), reactive in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus TO‐163 were obtained. Of these MAbs, 5 showed neutralizing (NT) activity (x 3,200 to 25,600) against TO‐163. One of the MAbs which had NT activity showed hemagglutination inhibition activity (x 5,120) too. 14 hybridomas of polypeptide specificity against TO‐163 strain were developed from which 11,2, and 1 were specific for protein E2, N, and E1, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining patterns in TGE virus‐infected cells reacted with MAbs were divided into three groups (types I, II and III). The fluorescence staining of E2 specific MAbs having NT activity were limited to the perinuclear area. All MAbs having NT activity showed the same fluorescence staining pattern.
Adaption permanenter Rindernierenzellen an serumfreies hormonsupplementiertes Zellkulturmedium
Authors: Binder S. , Beutel M. , Lindl T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe examinations show, that it is possible to adapt MDBK‐cells (ATCC CCL 22) to serumpoor (0.1 % fetal calf serum) and to serumfree, adequate supplemented media. Morphology of the cells remained unchanged. The components of the serumfree medium are a 50:50 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and HAM's F12 medium, supplemented with insulin (5 μg ml−1), transferrin (10 μg ml−1), thyreoglobulin (10 μg ml−1), prostaglandin E1 (50–100 ng ml−1). Seeding cells at a density of 26 · 103 cm−2 at day 0 resulted in better multiplication than a higher seeding density.ZusammenfassungDie vorliegenden Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Umstellung von MDBK‐Zellen (ATCC CCL 22) auf serumarmes (0,1 % FKS) und serumfreies, entsprechend supplementiertes Medium, bei unveränderter Zellmorphologie möglich ist. Einsaatdichten von 26 000 cm−2 ergeben größere Vermeh‐rungsfaktoren als höhere Einsaatdichten. Die Zusammensetzung des verwendeten serumfreien, hormonsupplementierten Zellkulturmediums wird beschrieben.
A Basic Study of Chemotaxis of Leptospiras
Authors: Hiramune T. , Shiraiwa C. , Kikuchi N. , Yanagawa R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryChemotaxis of leptospiras was studied using a U‐tube made of a commercially available straw‐shaped polypropylene tube with an uneven flexible part. The U‐tube was made by folding the polypropylene tube double and binding the vertical parts by a piece of tape, thus making the uneven flexible part the bottom. Semi‐solid Korthof's medium was poured into the U‐tube. Preliminary experiments showed that the medium containing 0.5 % agar and measuring 2 cm in length was appropriate. Leptospiras inoculated on the top of the medium of one side of the U‐tube moved toward the top of the medium of the other side. The leptospiral move toward the uninoculated top was significantly faster when 6 μg of hemoglobin were added to the uninoculated top. Chemotaxis of leptospiras to hemoglobin was thus shown, which is the first evidence of chemotaxis of leptospiras.
Enzyme Immunoassay Using Mouse Monoclonal Anti‐bovine Antibodies for the Detection ofBrucella abortusAntibodies in Cow Milk
Authors: Bercovich Z. , Taaijke R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIndividual milk samples and artificially constructed tank milk samples from cows with naturally occurring brucellosis were examined by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using sonicatedB. abortusS‐99 antigen, and mouse monoclonal anti‐bovine IgM, IgA, and IgG1conjugates. ELISA results were compared with the results of the milk ring test using either 1 ml milk (MRT‐1) or 8 ml milk (MRT‐8).The ELISA using mouse monoclonal anti‐bovine IgG1conjugate was sensitive and specific. In testing individual milk samples and constructed tank milk samples containing milk with low titers in the MRT‐1 the ELISA was superior to the MRT‐1, and MRT‐8. In testing other milk samples, the ELISA was as sensitive or slightly less sensitive than the MRT‐8. From a total of 5,910 milk samples collected from cows free from brucellosis, only 24 (0.4 %) samples tested positive in the ELISA. All 500 tank milk samples collected from farms negative for brucellosis tested negative in the ELISA.We concluded that the ELISA is a good substitute for the MRT‐1 to detect antibodies againstBrucellain milk from individual cows. When tank milk is tested for antibodies againstBrucella, however, both the MRT‐8 and the ELISA should be used.
Comparison between Results of Virus Neutralization Test and Those of Two ELISAs when Screening for Antibodies to Pseudorabies Virus in Thailand
Authors: Wongwatcharadumrong Ratree , Lopez J. Moreno‐ 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe virus neutralization (VN) test and two enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (blocking and indirect ELISAs) were used to detect antibodies to pseudorabies virus on serum samples of 1,000 pigs from the central part of Thailand. The results of these tests were compared to those of VN test. Using the VN test as standard, the blocking and indirect ELISAs showed respectively 95.12 % and 99.37% relative sensitivity and 92.0 % and 93.5 % relative specificity. The two ELISAs were considered both as practical alternatives to the VN test. However, the indirect ELISA was the more suitable test for the routine screening for antibodies to pseudorabies virus in Thailand.
CAMP‐Reaction among Skin Isolates Obtained from a Dog with an Acute Squamous Eczema
Authors: Brückler J. , Wibawan I. W. T. , Lämmler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe primary culture of a clinical specimen obtained from a dog with an acute squamous eczema revealed 3 different bacterial cultures. Two of these cultures, a β‐hemolyticStaphylococcus aureusand a group B streptococcal culture, demonstrated synergistic hemolytic activities on this primary culture plate. The group B streptococcus had the serotype surface antigens Ib/c, protein antigen c in its cß component.
Experimental Scrapie in White Swiss Mice
Authors: Bundza A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn order to confirm the clinical and histological diagnosis of scrapie and to determine the infectivity titer of the scrapie agent in the brain of a naturally infected Suffolk sheep, 123 white Swiss mice were inoculated intracerebrally. From about 13 to 20 months post‐inoculation, 28 mice died, and 95 that were sick were killed. In the terminal stages of disease, the mice developed weakness, gradual emaciation, posterior ataxia, and occasionally alopecia. The average infection (83 %) of mice affected with scrapie occurred in groups 1 to 4 inoculated with dilution 10−1 to 10−4 of scrapie sheep brain. Sixty‐seven (54.5 %) of the mice developed spongiform lesions and vacuolar degeneration of neurons. Similarities of scrapie with other subacute spongiform encephalopathies in animals and humans are discussed.
Aviäre Mykobakteriose durch bisher nicht identifizierbare Stämme
Authors: Koppers N. , Gerlach Helga , Kösters J. , Schröder K. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAvian Mycobacteriosis by Strains so far not IdentifiableThis paper reports on a group of strains of Mycobacterium avium‐intracellulare recently isolated from various bird species. The strains in question could not be integrated into the known 28 serovars. The host spectrum includes birds of several avian orders. Clinical, serological, pathoanatomical, and histopathological results are being discussed. During observations of the clinical course in some infected birds, it could be shown that the excretion of the agent could cease for several months. The diagnosis of the new group of serovars was possible only by culture. Antibodies of several serovars demonstrated in life birds did not correspond with the isolates. Therefore, these antibodies were interpreted as serological crossreactions.ZusammenfassungEs wird über eine bei Vögeln erstmals isolierte Stammgruppe von Mycobacterium (M.) avium‐intracellulare berichtet, die sich nicht in die bekannten 28 Serovaren einordnen läßt. Das Wirtsspektrum umfaßt Vögel verschiedener Ordnungen. Klinische, serologische, pathologisch‐anatomische und histologische Untersuchungsergebnisse werden diskutiert. Bei Verlaufsuntersuchungen wurde u.a. festgestellt, daß eine Erregerausscheidung bei einigen infizierten Tieren über Monate hinweg sistierte. Die Erregereinordnung gelang nur über die Kultur, da die bei serologischen Untersuchungen nachgewiesenen Antikörper verschiedener Serovaren nicht mit den serologischen Eigenschaften der Isolate übereinstimmte. Die Antikörperreaktionen der Vögel wurden deshalb als Kreuzreaktionen interpretiert.
The Diagnostic Value of Immunoperoxidase in Detecting K99+Escherichia coli on Histological Sections
Authors: Scanziani E. , Luini M. , Crippa L. , Nigrelli A. D. , Lavazza A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe small intestine of 51 calves was examined for the presence of K99+ Escherichia coli by means of both an immunoperoxidase procedure performed on paraffin sections and by the slide agglutination test after isolation. Twelve cases resulted immunoperoxidase positive (23.5 %) and 8 of them were also agglutination positive. Results of the 2 diagnostic tests agreed in 46 cases (90.2 %). In immunoperoxidase positive sections a thick layer of immunoreactive bacteria was seen on the luminal surface of the enterocytes. Post‐mortem autolysis or prolonged fixation did not seem to affect the immunoperoxidase reactivity of the sample.
Bovine Mycotic Abortion — A Comparative Study of Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Jensen H. E. , v. Krogh H. , Schønheyder H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe agreement between three diagnostic methods (mycology, morphology, and immunofluorescence staining) was compared two by two in elucidating the aetiological diagnosis in 52 cases of bovine mycotic abortion. Agreement between the three methods was expressed by the kappa coefficient (κ), and ranked as follows: mycology and immunofluorescence staining (κ = 0.48); morphology and immunofluorescence staining (κ = 0.40); mycology and morphology (κ = 0.28).A.fumigatus was confirmed to be the main cause of bovine mycotic abortion with members of the zygomycetes (order Mucorales) being the second most important group. In two aborted placentas a Candida species was found to be the cause of mycotic placentitis.
Comparative Evaluation of Specific Vaccines and Immuno‐Modulators in Disease Control of Beef Cattle
Authors: Berneri C. , Amadori M. , Ceccarelli A. , Guadagnini P. F. , Bolzani E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo field trials were undertaken to evaluate specific vaccines and Biological Response Modifiers (B.R.M.) with regard to disease control of beef cattle. Clinical data and laboratory results strongly suggested a genetically determined resistance to transportation stress of some cattle breeds, with possible important consequences on the occurrence of multi‐factor diseases. Plenty of calves showed detectable levels of serum interferon and a remarkable activation of at least some lymphocyte populations in the first days after arrival. In general, B.R.M.‐treated cattle could better react against environmental pathogens, as evidenced by both clinical and laboratory findings. Several data emerged that even the efficacy of specific vaccines could be largely accounted for by a positive modulation of non‐specific immunity; this latter feature can be mainly referred to adjuvants and/or some bacterial antigens.
Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Goats
Authors: Valle J. , Piriz S. , de la Fuente R. , Vadillo S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA study was made of the staphylococcal population on the skin and on the nasal mucosa and in the milk of 133 healthy goats. Of a total of 346 strains isolated and characterised as belonging to the genusStaphylococcus, 74 (21.4%) were coagulase‐positive (68S. aureusand 6S. hyicus), and 272 (78.6%) coagulase‐negative. The novobiocin‐sensitive speciesS. haemolyticus(23.5%),S. warneri(16.5%),S. epidermidis(11.8%),S. chromogenes(8.5%),S. caprae(6.6%) andS. hyicus(2.6%), and the novobiocin‐resistant speciesS. xylosus(8.5%),S. sciuri(7.4%),S. saprophyticus(4.8%),S. cohnii(2.2%),S. lentus(1.1%),S. equorum(1.1%) andS. kloosii(1.1%) were identified. Twelve (4.4%) of coagulase‐negative strains remained unidentified. Strains isolated in the skin of the udder and teats of the 133 goats were mainly novobiocin‐sensitive coagulase‐negative staphylococci, the most prevalent species beingS. haemolyticus, S. warneriandS. epidermidis.Staphylococci indicative of subclinical infection were determined in the milk of 47 (35.3%) of the 133 goats sampled.
Alterations of Cellular Immune Response during Intensive Training of Event Horses
Authors: Buschmann H. , Baumann M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDuring strenuous exercise of horses that are prepared for international Three‐Day‐Events a significant decrease in the in vitro killing rate of phagocytosed yeast cells by the blood granulocytes has been observed. Other immunological parameters, such as the phorbolmyristate dependent chemiluminescence in granulocytes and the mitogenic stimulation of blood lymphocytes, remained unchanged.
Antigenic and Genomic Comparisons of Some Feline Parvovirus Subspecies Strains
Authors: Mochizuki M. , Kawabata H. , Sheng Wang Jin 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFourteen feline parvovirus (FPV) strains isolated from cats, mink and dogs were comparatively examined on their antigenic and genetic diversities by using monoclonal antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) and restriction enzyme analysis of viral DNA. Mink enteritis virus (MEV) strains recently isolated in the northeastern area of the People's Republic of China were found to possess more similar antigenic and genetic properties to the antigenic variant virus of canine parvovirus (CPV) (“new” antigenic type CPV), than to FPLV strains and MEV Abashiri strain of Japan. A feline isolate detected in normal cat feces was considered to be rather CPV because of its antigenic and genetic characteristics. An early isolate of “new” antigenic type CPV strains showed a similar cleavage pattern to those of “old” antigenic type CPV strains when digested withHinfI. The results including some features above‐mentioned suggest the presence of antigenic heterogeneities and genomic polymorphisms among FPV subspecies viruses.
Inhibition of Virus Attachment to CPK Cells by Monoclonal Antibody to Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus
Authors: Honda E. , Mase M. , Okazaki K. , Kumagai T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFive MAbs, which recognized E2 glycoprotein of TGE virus TO‐163 and showed neutralizing activity, were examined to see if they inhibit virus attachment to the susceptible cells (CPK cells). Only one (160/4) MAb blocked the virus attachment to the cells, indicating that the inhibition of virus attachment is one of important mechanisms of neutralizing by antibody.
Immunohistochemical Labeling of Giardia trophozoites spp. in Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissues
Authors: Sydler T. , Pospischil A. , Gottstein B. , Eckert J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn immunoperoxidase method using rabbit anti human Giardia lamblia serum for the demonstration of giardia in paraffin embedded intestinal animal tissue is described. Specifity was tested against other protozoal parasites.ZusammenfassungUne méthode immunohistologique pour la détection de Giardia sur coupes intestinales inclues dans de la paraffine est décrite. Nous avons utilisé comme antisérum primaire un sérum polyclonal anti‐Giardia lamblia humain produit sur lapin. La spécificité du marquage immunochimique s'est révélée grande. Nous avons également testé s'il existait des réactions croisées avec d'autres protozoaires.
Salmonella dublin Experimental Infection in Calves: Protection after Oral Immunization with an Auxotrophic aroA Live vaccine
Authors: Segall T. , Lindberg A. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySalmonella dublin strain SL5631, which is auxotrophic for p‐amino‐benzoic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoate because of a deleted aroA gene, was given orally in a dose of 1010live bacteria to 6 calves 5–7 weeks old. The calves tolerated the strain well, had a transient mucoid diarrhea and sacrificed animals showed a moderate acute inflammation in the ileum on day 2. The salmonella strain was seen lining the mucosal epithelium using immunohistopathology.SummaryAlready in calves sacrificed on day 6 the damage was less pronounced and signs of regeneration were obvious. The healing process was more accentuated in calves sacrificed on day 14. The results demonstrated the attenuating effect of the deleted aroA gene. Groups of 5–7 weeks old calves (n = 25) orally immunized with 108, 109and 1010S. dublin SL5631 at weekly intervals were challenged 2, 6 or 15 weeks after the immunization. All calves were protected against oral challenge with 1010bacteria of the virulent S. dublin strain, which equals 1,000 LD50 doses. At autopsy, calves were sacrificed 3 weeks after challenge, all calves had normal intestinal findings with only slightly enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. The protective effect is surmised to involve cell‐mediated as well as humoral defense mechanisms.
Serological (Em2‐ELISA) and Parasitological Examinations of Fox Populations for Echinococcus multilocularis Infections
Authors: Gottstein B. , Deplazes P. , Eckert J. , Müller B. , Schott E. , Helle O. , Boujon P. , Wolff K. , Wandeler A. , Schwiete U. , Moegle H. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySerum or body fluid samples of 1,006 foxes were investigated in an ELISA for antibodies against a highly sensitive and specific antigen (Em2‐antigen) of Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitological examinations of the intestines and simultaneous serological examinations were carried out in 505 foxes: A group of 98 blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) from Norwegian fox farms did not contain intestinal stages of E. multilocularis and was clearly sero‐negative in Em2‐ELISA. On the other hand in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) originating from European areas known to be endemic for E. multilocularis the following average prevalence rates were found: 244 foxes from Southern Germany, E. multilocularis prevalence 55% and sero‐prevalence 60%; 139 foxes from Austria, E. multilocularis prevalence 4% and sero‐prevalence 12%. Serological identification of individual foxes with or without intestinal E. multilocularis infection was not possible. Only serological (no parasitological) examination in 402 foxes originating from endemic areas in Switzerland resulted in a sero‐prevalence rate of 37%. Sero‐prevalence was only 6% and 4% in 54 and 26 other foxes, respectively, originating from Swiss and German areas where E. multilocularis has not yet been reported. Negative control Norwegian (farmed) silver foxes (n = 43) were all sero‐negative. The specificity of the Em2‐ELISA was confirmed by negative Em2‐serologies with sera from dogs infected with intestinal and tissue dwelling helminth species (with the exception of two from 24 dogs infected with E. granulosus). The results indicate that, although a diagnosis of intestinal E. multilocularis infection in individual foxes is not feasible by serological examination, the Em2‐ELISA might be of value for the identification and discrimination of fox populations with or without E. multilocularis infection, reflecting a relative parasite prevalence rate in such populations.
Economic and Production Consequences of Liver Fluke Disease in Double‐Muscled Fattening Cattle
Authors: Genicot B. , Mouligneau F. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe frequency of liver fluke disease in fattening units was determined by the analysis of random faeces samples issued from 1,513 Belgian White Blue bulls aged from 5 to 7 months and weighing from 200 to 300 kg.12.5 % of the investigated bulls were positive for liver fluke disease. These bulls were spread over 56.5 % of the investigated fattening units. Furthermore the infestation rate varied from 0 to 33.3 % inside the fattening units.In order to assess the economic consequences of bovine fascioliasis in double‐muscled cattle and the beneficial effects of a treatment against such a disease, a trial including 30 Belgian White Blue bulls, weighing 365 ± 9 kg and aged from 10 to 12 months, was conducted in a selected fattening unit.On the basis of faecal examinations, the 30 animals were subdivided in negative (group A; n = 10) and positive animals (n = 20) for fascioliasis, the latter being either treated with nitroxinil (group B; n = 10) or not (group C; n = 10) on day 0 of this trial which was conducted during 75 days.The daily body gains in group C (1.661 ± 0.140 kg) were significantly lower than those in group A (1.975 ± 0.120 kg). On the other hand there was no significant difference between the daily body gains registered in group B (1.960 ± 0.085 kg) and A. The estimated financial loss, due to flukes and accounted on a 75 day‐period, averaged 2,748 Belgian Francs per bull in group C. Accounted on a similar period the treatment yielded a profit of about 2,617 Belgian Francs per bull. If we consider a fattening unit where bulls weigh 300 kg on average at their arrival and where the level of positive bulls for liver fluke disease reaches 10 %, the treatment shows a profit 4.2 times greater than the cost of the treatment of all the animals arriving at the station during one year.We can conclude that the liver fluke disease induces a significant reduction of both performances and profitability, that these hidden effects are countered by nitroxinil treatment and finally that the treatment of each animal incorporated in fattening units, where liver fluke disease has regularly been detected, is profitable.