bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary lability of food caching behaviour in mammals
Authors: Mahoney Sean M. , Pasch Bret 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Food hoarding provides animals access to resources during periods of scarcity. Studies on mammalian caching indicate associations with brain size, seasonality and diet but are biased to a subset of rodents. Whether the behaviour is generalizable at other taxonomic scales and/or is influenced by other ecological factors is less understood. Population density may influence food caching due to food competition or pilferage, but this remains untested in a comparative framework.

Using phylogenetic analyses, we assessed the role of morphology (body and brain size), climate, diet breadth and population density on food caching behaviour evolution at multiple taxonomic scales. We also used a long‐term dataset on caching behaviour of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus fremonti) to test key factors (climate and population density) on hoarding intensity.

Consistent with previous smaller scale studies, we found the mammalian ancestral state for food caching was larderhoarding, and scatterhoarding was derived. Caching strategy was strongly associated with brain size, population density and climate. Mammals with larger brains and hippocampal volumes were more likely to scatterhoard, and species living at higher population densities and in colder climates were more likely to larderhoard.

Finer‐scale analyses within families, sub‐families and tribes indicated that the behaviour is evolutionary labile. Brain size in family Sciuridae and tribe Marmotini was larger in scatterhoarders, but not in other tribes. Scatterhoarding in tribe Marmotini was more likely in species with lower population densities while scatterhoarding in tribe Sciurini was associated with warmer climates. Red squirrel larderhoarding intensity was positively related to population density but not climate, implicating food competition or pilferage as an important mechanism mediating caching behaviour.

Our results are consistent with previous smaller‐scale studies on food caching and indicate the evolutionary patterns of mammalian food caching are broadly generalizable. Given the lability of caching behaviour as evidenced by the variability of our results at finer phylogenetic scales, comparative analyses must consider taxonomic scale.

Applying our results to conservation could prove useful as changes in population density or climate may select for different food caching strategies and thus can inform management of threatened and endangered species and their habitats.
Local environment shapes milk microbiomes while evolutionary history constrains milk macronutrients in captive cercopithecine primates
Authors: Bornbusch Sally L. , Shinnerl Hannah E. , Gentry Lindsey , Keady Mia M. , Glick Virginia , Muletz‐Wolz Carly R. , Power Michael L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMilk is a complex biochemical fluid that includes macronutrients and microbiota, which, together, are known to facilitate infant growth, mediate the colonization of infant microbiomes, and promote immune development. Examining factors that shape milk microbiomes and milk‐nutrient interplay across host taxa is critical to resolving the evolution of the milk environment. Using a comparative approach across four cercopithecine primate species housed at three facilities under similar management conditions, we test for the respective influences of the local environment (housing facility) and host species on milk (a) macronutrients (fat, sugar, and protein), (b) microbiomes (16S rRNA), and (c) predicted microbial functions. We found that milk macronutrients were structured according to host species, while milk microbiomes and predicted function were strongly shaped by the local environment and, to a lesser extent, host species. The milk microbiomes of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at two different facilities more closely resembled those of heterospecific facility‐mates compared to conspecifics at a different facility. We found similar, facility‐driven patterns of microbial functions linked to physiology and immune modulation, suggesting that milk microbiomes may influence infant health and development. These results provide novel insight into the complexity of milk and its potential impact on infants across species and environments.
Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and dermatomyositis: A 2‐sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Feng Wei , Ma Xiao‐Na , Wu Qi , Zhong Xiao‐Qin , Chen Shu‐Lin , Lin Chang‐Song , Xu Qiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in dermatomyositis (DM) patients, but the exact causal relationship between them remains elusive. Our aim is to confirm the causal relationship between 25(OH)D and DM risk through a Mendelian randomization study.MethodsRetrieve genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data on 25(OH)D (n = 441 291) and DM (n cases = 201, n controls = 172 834) from the GWAS database (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk/). Select single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly correlated with 25(OH)D as instrumental variables (IVs). The primary analytical approach involves the use of the inverse‐variance weighted method (IVW), supplemented by MR‐Egger regression and weighted median methods to enhance the reliability of the results. Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochran's Q and leave‐one‐out approaches, respectively.ResultsThe IVW analysis confirmed a positive causal relationship between genetic variation in 25(OH)D levels and DM (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.01–5.52, p = .048). Although not statistically significant (all p > .05), the other methods also suggested a protective effect of 25(OH)D on DM. Based on MR‐Egger intercepts and Cochran's Q analysis, the selected SNPs showed no horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the results against individual SNPs.ConclusionWe provide the first evidence of a causal relationship between 25(OH)D levels and DM. Our findings support the importance of measuring serum 25(OH)D levels and considering vitamin D supplementation in clinical practice for patients with DM.
2024 multidisciplinary consensus on image‐guided lung tumor ablation from the Taiwan Academy of Tumor Ablation
Authors: Chang Ling Kai , Yang Shun Mao , Chien Ning , Chang Chao Chun , Fang Hsin Yueh , Liu Ming Cheng , Wang Kao Lun , Lin Wei Chan , Lin Frank Cheau Feng , Chuang Cheng Yen , Hsu Po Kuei , Huang Tsai Wang , Chen Chun Ku , Chang Yeun Chung , Huang Kai Wen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, the multidisciplinary team of the Taiwan Academy of Tumor Ablation, who have expertise in treating lung cancer, present their perspectives on percutaneous image‐guided thermal ablation (IGTA) of lung tumors. The modified Delphi technique was applied to reach a consensus on clinical practice guidelines concerning ablation procedures, including a comprehensive literature review, selection of panelists, creation of a rating form and survey, and arrangement of an in‐person meeting where panelists agreed or disagreed on various points. The conclusion was a final rating and written summary of the agreement. The multidisciplinary expert team agreed on 10 recommendations for the use of IGTA in the lungs. These recommendations include terms and definitions, line of treatment planning, modality, facility rooms, patient anesthesia settings, indications, margin determination, post‐ablation image surveillance, qualified centers, and complication ranges. In summary, IGTA is a safe and feasible approach for treating primary and metastatic lung tumors, with a relatively low complication rate. However, decisions regarding the ablation technique should consider each patient's specific tumor characteristics.
Expression of mitochondrial oxidative stress response genes in muscle is associated with mitochondrial respiration, physical performance, and muscle mass in the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging
Authors: Tranah Gregory J. , Barnes Haley N. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Coen Paul M. , Esser Karyn A. , Hepple Russell T. , Huo Zhiguang , Kramer Philip A. , Toledo Frederico G. S. , Zhang Xiping , Wu Kevin , Wolff Christopher A. , Evans Daniel S. , Cummings Steven R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGene expression in skeletal muscle of older individuals may reflect compensatory adaptations in response to oxidative damage that preserve tissue integrity and maintain function. Identifying associations between oxidative stress response gene expression patterns and mitochondrial function, physical performance, and muscle mass in older individuals would further our knowledge of mechanisms related to managing molecular damage that may be targeted to preserve physical resilience. To characterize expression patterns of genes responsible for the oxidative stress response, RNA was extracted and sequenced from skeletal muscle biopsies collected from 575 participants (≥70 years old) from the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging. Expression levels of 21 protein‐coding RNAs related to the oxidative stress response were analyzed in relation to six phenotypic measures, including maximal mitochondrial respiration from muscle biopsies (Max OXPHOS), physical performance (VO2 peak, 400‐m walking speed, and leg strength), and muscle size (thigh muscle volume and whole‐body D3Cr muscle mass). The mRNA level of the oxidative stress response genes most consistently associated across outcomes are preferentially expressed within the mitochondria. Higher expression of mRNAs that encode generally mitochondria located proteins SOD2, TRX2, PRX3, PRX5, and GRX2 were associated with higher levels of mitochondrial respiration and VO2 peak. In addition, greater SOD2, PRX3, and GRX2 expression was associated with higher physical performance and muscle size. Identifying specific mechanisms associated with high functioning across multiple performance and physical domains may lead to targeted antioxidant interventions with greater impacts on mobility and independence.
Higher expression of denervation‐responsive genes is negatively associated with muscle volume and performance traits in the study of muscle, mobility, and aging (SOMMA)
Authors: Lukasiewicz Cole J. , Tranah Gregory J. , Evans Daniel S. , Coen Paul M. , Barnes Haley N. , Huo Zhiguang , Esser Karyn A. , Zhang Xiping , Wolff Christopher , Wu Kevin , Lane Nancy E. , Kritchevsky Steven B. , Newman Anne B. , Cummings Steven R. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Hepple Russell T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith aging skeletal muscle fibers undergo repeating cycles of denervation and reinnervation. In approximately the 8th decade of life reinnervation no longer keeps pace, resulting in the accumulation of persistently denervated muscle fibers that in turn cause an acceleration of muscle dysfunction. The significance of denervation in important clinical outcomes with aging is poorly studied. The Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA) is a large cohort study with the primary objective to assess how aging muscle biology impacts clinically important traits. Using transcriptomics data from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in 575 participants we have selected 49 denervation‐responsive genes to provide insights to the burden of denervation in SOMMA, to test the hypothesis that greater expression of denervation‐responsive genes negatively associates with SOMMA participant traits that included time to walk 400 meters, fitness (VO2peak), maximal mitochondrial respiration, muscle mass and volume, and leg muscle strength and power. Consistent with our hypothesis, increased transcript levels of: a calciumdependent intercellular adhesion glycoprotein (CDH15), acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA1, CHRND, CHRNE), a glycoprotein promoting reinnervation (NCAM1), a transcription factor regulating aspects of muscle organization (RUNX1), and a sodium channel (SCN5A) were each negatively associated with at least 3 of these traits. VO2peak and maximal respiration had the strongest negative associations with 15 and 19 denervation‐responsive genes, respectively. In conclusion, the abundance of denervationresponsive gene transcripts is a significant determinant of muscle and mobility outcomes in aging humans, supporting the imperative to identify new treatment strategies to restore innervation in advanced age.
Histochemical and immunohistochemical investigation of the number and localization of mast cells in the feline tongue
Authors: Ertuğrul Tuğrul , Tütüncü Şerife , Delice Nurcan , Özdemir Bengül 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis is the first study to describe the subtypes, number and distribution of mast cells (MC) in cat tongue by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Six male adult felines' tongue tissue samples consist of the study's material. Samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde. MC number and distribution in the feline tongue were assessed using toluidine blue. Also, sections taken from blocks were stained in alcian blue/safranin O (AB/SO) combined dyes to determine the MC subtypes. The Streptavidin biotin complex method using anti‐chymase and anti‐tryptase primary antibodies was used for immunohistochemistry. Metachromatic MCs were mainly observed in the lamina propria close to the multilayered keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The high number of MCs in this region may be because the dorsal surface of the tongue plays an essential role in the defence system of tongue tissue and, thus, of the body as a whole. Additionally, the number of MCs stained with AB (+) (1.7 ± 0.08) in the feline tongue was statistically higher than those with SO (+) (0.18 ± 0.02). This might be interpreted as an indication that MC heterogeneity may be due not only to their staining properties but also to their localization. It is also conceivable that the high histamine content may be a factor in this. Tryptase‐positive MCs were found in the loose connective tissue around blood vessels, between the glands, as solitary cells, or in groups of several cells. Chymase‐positive MCs were observed more individually rather than in groups. Moreover, chymase‐positive MCs were detected to be located in the filiform papillae subepithelial and in the blood vessels' immediate vicinity. Animals often lick themselves to clean themselves and promote healing. For this reason, it is very important to protect the tongue, which is in direct contact with the external environment, against foreign agents. Considering both the functional and protective properties of the tongue, we concluded that MCs may play a role in oral cavity immunity and protective effect.
A systematic review of case–control studies of cytokines in blister fluid and skin tissue of patients with Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Stewart Thomas Jonathan , Farrell Joshua , Frew John Walter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse reactions characterised by keratinocyte apoptosis, necroptosis and epidermal detachment. Several cytokines and cytotoxic proteins have been shown to be elevated in the blood and skin of SJS/TEN sufferers and biologics such as intravenous immune globulin and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha inhibitors have demonstrated good therapeutic potential. The exact pathogenic model of SJS/TEN however remains elusive. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the case–control studies of cytokines and cytotoxic proteins in the blister fluid and skin of adults with Stevens Johnson syndrome and/or toxic epidermal necrolysis. This review was registered with INPLASY and conducted in accordance with the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Potential bias was assessed using the NIH criteria. Eleven articles describing results from 96 cases and 170 controls were included. Fas, Fas ligand, Interleukin (IL)‐8 and B‐cell lymphoma (Bcl)‐2 were elevated in SJS/TEN blister fluid and skin tissue, compared with healthy controls. IL‐2, IL‐6, TNF‐alpha, tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), interferon‐gamma and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 were elevated in SJS/TEN blister fluid compared with fluid sampled from lesional controls. Granulysin, IL‐33, TGF‐beta‐1 and IL‐13 were elevated in SJS/TEN skin tissue compared with lesional lichen planus tissue, as was IL‐13, IFN‐gamma, IL‐2 and IL‐5, when compared with erythema multiforme tissue. A wide array of cytokines and cytotoxic proteins are present at higher concentrations in the blister fluid and skin tissue of SJS/TEN patients compared with healthy and lesional controls. Our findings suggest that these proteins may be pathogenic, as well as possibly markers for diagnosis, disease severity and course. They may also prove to be useful therapeutic targets. More research is needed.
Evaluating the Baby@Home program: Early discharge strategies for (pre)term infants are safe and benefit health outcomes
Authors: Stekelenburg Iza , van den Hoogen Agnes , de Lange Wendela , Peels Barbara , Vijlbrief Daniel C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimProlonged hospitalisation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can emotionally tax newborn infants and their families, resulting in developmental adversities and inadequate parent–infant bonding. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and value of the Baby@Home program in reducing prolonged hospital stays.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of 26 infants from a tertiary neonatology department, using qualitative data (gathered through interviews with parents (n = 15) and professionals (n = 5)) and quantitative data (retrieved from medical records and the Luscii application).ResultsOur study included 26 newborn infants. 76% were premature, born at an average term of 35 weeks and 2 days. During the study period, all infants thrived, and only two adverse events occurred (an allergic reaction and respiratory incident necessitating readmission). Interviews were conducted based on six major themes concerning the feasibility and value of the program. Despite the challenges of application utilisation, the program's overall value was evident.ConclusionThe Baby@Home program effectively facilitated early discharge, promoted family reunification, and yielded favourable safety and health outcomes. Innovative solutions such as Baby@Home have the potential to pave the way for more sustainable and patient‐centred care models.
Clinical course of ulcerative colitis: Frequent use of biologics and low colectomy rate first year after diagnosis—results from the IBSEN III inception cohort
Authors: Strande Vibeke , Lund Charlotte , Hagen Milada , Bengtson May‐Bente , Cetinkaya Raziye Boyar , Detlie Trond Espen , Frigstad Svein Oskar , Høie Ole , Medhus Asle W. , Henriksen Magne , Aass Holten Kristina I. , Hovde Øistein , Huppertz‐Hauss Gert , Johansen Ingunn , Olsen Bjørn Christian , Opheim Randi , Ricanek Petr , Torp Roald , Tønnessen Tor , Vatn Simen , Aabrekk Tone Bergene , Høivik Marte Lie , Kristensen Vendel A. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe introduction of biologic therapies and the ‘treat‐to‐target’ treatment strategy may have changed the disease course of ulcerative colitis (UC).AimsTo describe the early disease course and disease outcome at 1‐year follow‐up in a population‐based inception cohort of adult patients with newly diagnosed UC.MethodsThe Inflammatory Bowel Disease in South‐Eastern Norway (IBSEN) III study is a population‐based inception cohort study with prospective follow‐up. Patients newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease during 2017–2019 were included. Patients ≥18 years at diagnosis of UC who attended the 1‐year follow‐up were investigated. We registered clinical, endoscopic and demographic data at diagnosis and 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsWe included 877 patients with UC (median age 36 years (range: 18–84), 45.8% female). At diagnosis, 39.2% presented with proctitis, 24.7% left‐sided colitis and 36.0% extensive colitis. At the 1‐year follow‐up, 13.9% experienced disease progression, and 14.5% had received one or more biologic therapies. The colectomy rate was 0.9%. Steroid‐free clinical remission was observed in 76.6%, and steroid‐free endoscopic remission in 68.7%. Anaemia and initiation of systemic steroid treatment at diagnosis were associated with biologic therapy within the first year after diagnosis.ConclusionIn this population‐based inception cohort, colectomy rate in the first year after diagnosis was low, and a high proportion of patients were in remission at 1‐year follow‐up. The use of biologic therapy increases, consistent with findings from previous studies.
The aging gastrointestinal tract: Epidemiology and clinical significance of disorders of gut‐brain interaction in the older general population
Authors: Sperber Ami D. , Freud Tamar , Palsson Olafur S. , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Simren Magnus 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundMost previous reports on the prevalence of disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) show higher rates in younger individuals. Exceptions are faecal incontinence and functional constipation.AimTo compare prevalence rates for 22 DGBI and 24 primary symptoms, by age, using the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology (RFGES) study dataset.MethodsThe RFGES dataset enables diagnosis of 22 DGBI among 54,127 participants (≥18 years) in 26 countries. Older age was defined as ≥65 years. We assessed differences between age groups by sex, geographic region, somatisation, abnormal anxiety and depression scores, quality of life (QoL), individual gastrointestinal symptoms and disease severity for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).ResultsRates for any DGBI were 41.9% and 31.9% in the <65 and ≥65 age groups, respectively. For all Rome IV diagnoses except faecal incontinence, rates were higher in the younger group. The older group had lower scores for any DGBI by geographic region, non‐gastrointestinal somatic symptoms, abnormal anxiety and depression scores, and IBS severity, and better scores for QoL. The mean number of endorsed symptoms and their frequency were higher in the younger group.ConclusionsIn this large general population study, the prevalence and impact of DGBI, apart from faecal incontinence, were higher in the younger group. Despite this, DGBI rates are still high in absolute terms in the ≥65 age group and necessitate clinical awareness and, perhaps, an age‐specific treatment approach.