bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Biomechanical and Clinical Application of Using the Anterior Half of the Peroneus Longus Tendon as an Autograft Source
Authors: Zhao Jinzhong , Huangfu Xiaoqiao 
Published: December 2011

Background: The shortage of autogenous grafts has often times been a problem in knee ligament reconstruction. There are little data concerning the use of the anterior half of the peroneus longus tendon (AHPLT) as an autograft. Hypothesis: The AHPLT is a suitable graft with respect to its strength, safety, and donor site morbidity. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study and case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The safety and efficacy of using the AHPLT as an autograft source were evaluated. A cadaveric study was first done to reveal the anatomic profile of the AHPLT, to test its failure load, and to compare it with that of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. Then, a cadaveric harvest study was performed to show it was safe and reproducible. The space between the tendon stripper and the peroneal nerve during harvesting of the AHPLT was evaluated. Lastly, a clinical study was performed to evaluate donor site morbidity. The preoperative and postoperative foot and ankle functions of 92 patients who underwent a variety of knee ligament reconstructions with the AHPLT were followed for more than 2 years and were then evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale and the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) to determine the influence of tendon removal on ankle and foot function. Results: The average failure load of the AHPLT was 322.35 ± 63.18 N, accounting for 97.69% ± 19.48% and 147.94% ± 41.30% of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons, respectively. During tendon harvesting, the distance between the head of the tendon stripper and the branching point of the deep peroneus nerve was 4.6 to 10.4 cm. The clinical study showed that the preoperative and postoperative AOFAS scores were 97.4 ± 2.0 and 97.2 ± 1.6 ( P = .85), respectively, while the FADI scores preoperatively and postoperatively were 96.8 ± 2.2 and 96.9 ± 2.5 ( P = .91), respectively. No signs of peroneus nerve injury, peroneus longus tendon rupture, or tendinopathy were found. Conclusion: The AHPLT is acceptable for use as an autograft with respect to its strength, safety, and donor site morbidity.
Assessment of the requisites of microbiology based infectious disease training under the pressure of consultation needs
Authors: Erdem Hakan , Tekin-Koruk Suda , Koruk Ibrahim , Tozlu-Keten Derya , Ulu-Kılıc Aysegul , Oncul Oral , Guner Rahmet , Birengel Serhat , Mert Gurkan , Nayman-Alpat Saygin , Eren-Tulek Necla , Demirdal Tuna , Elaldi Nazif , Ataman-Hatipoglu Cigdem , Yilmaz Emel , Mete Bilgul , Kurtaran Behice , Ceran Nurgul , Karabay Oguz , Inan Dilara , Cengiz Melahat , Sacar Suzan , Yucesoy-Dede Behiye , Yilmaz Sibel , Agalar Canan , Bayindir Yasar , Alpay Yesim , Tosun Selma , Yilmaz Hava , Bodur Hurrem , Erdem Huseyin A , Dikici Nebahat , Dizbay Murat , Oncu Serkan , Sezak Nurbanu , Sari Tuba , Sipahi Oguz R , Uysal Serhat , Yeniiz Esma , Kaya Selcuk , Ulcay Asim , Kurt Halil , Besirbellioglu Bulent A , Vahaboglu Haluk , Tasova Yesim , Usluer Gaye , Arman Dilek , Diktas Husrev , Ulusoy Sercan , Leblebicioglu Hakan 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Training of infectious disease (ID) specialists is structured on classical clinical microbiology training in Turkey and ID specialists work as clinical microbiologists at the same time. Hence, this study aimed to determine the clinical skills and knowledge required by clinical microbiologists.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out between June 1, 2010 and September 15, 2010 in 32 ID departments in Turkey. Only patients hospitalized and followed up in the ID departments between January-June 2010 who required consultation with other disciplines were included.

Results
A total of 605 patients undergoing 1343 consultations were included, with pulmonology, neurology, cardiology, gastroenterology, nephrology, dermatology, haematology, and endocrinology being the most frequent consultation specialties. The consultation patterns were quite similar and were not affected by either the nature of infections or the critical clinical status of ID patients.

Conclusions
The results of our study show that certain internal medicine subdisciplines such as pulmonology, neurology and dermatology appear to be the principal clinical requisites in the training of ID specialists, rather than internal medicine as a whole.
Improving Horizontal Completions on Heterogeneous Tight Shales
Authors: Suarez-Rivera Roberto , Deenadayalu Chaitanya , Chertov Maxim , Hartanto Ricardo Novalo , Gathogo Patrick , Kunjir Rahul 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Production from nanodarcy-range permeability shale formations requires extensive hydraulic fracturing, large volumes of water, and close-spaced wells. The current trend, which includes increasing lateral lengths, increasing the number of perforation stages, and increasing the volume of water and proppants pumped, is unsustainable. Comparing calculations of the possible surface area created during fracturing versus production results indicate that a large portion of the surface area is ineffective to production, resulting in ineffective use of resources and increased costs. This paper describes the fundamental understanding required to improve the efficiency of horizontal completions in oil- and gas-producing shales. Using extensive laboratory characterization of mechanical properties on core, core/log integration, and continuous mapping of these properties by logging-while-drilling (LWD) methods along the horizontal wellbore, appropriate guidelines are defined for effective perforation and fracturing to improve the efficiency and sustainability of horizontal completions. The objective of the study is to improve completion design and horizontal well completions efficiency. This objective is achieved by adequate selection of perforation intervals based on understanding the relevant physical processes and adequate rock characterization. Two reservoir regions, the near-wellbore and the far-wellbore, are defined and essential to completion design. Conditions at the far-wellbore region, which define the extent of the surface area in contact with the reservoir, are fundamental to well productivity. However, these conditions are often poorly understood. The near-wellbore region is the choking point to production, provided that ideal far-wellbore conditions exist. Properties along the near-wellbore region can be measured and are better understood. In this paper, these properties are used to minimize the near-wellbore choking effect by evaluating rock types that maximize near-wellbore fracture width, minimize breakdown pressures, and reduce the potential of solids production during the initial drawdown. The result is a nonsubjective and consistent methodology that defines the variability in near-well fracture performance along wellbores and allows selecting perforation stages based on measured or inferred rock properties (from LWD or drill cuttings analysis). Finally, the method that will be described provides a means for monitoring and comparing consistency between the predicted values and measured results by comparing the results to actual production data. The results of this study show the need to better understand the far-wellbore conditions as well as the near-wellbore conditions when making inferences about well production.
Defining Reservoir Quality for Successful Shale Gas Play Development and Exploitation
Authors: Han Shim Yen , Atwood Keith , Kok Jeffrey , Baihly Jason , Ingraham David 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
For any resource play, quantifying production potential is key when transiting from exploration phase to development phase. In a self-sourcing environment, a host of reservoir properties such as clay type, mineral content, organic content, fluid saturations, pore pressure, texture, source, storage, mobility, natural fractures and structural features, defines the quality of the reservoir. Recently several published articles alluded to this fact and the term reservoir quality is loosely defined, vague or contradicting.
In evaluating the success of an unconventional reservoir, this paper segregates the reservoir properties into two main categories. Reservoir quality (RQ) is defined by the combination of rock properties leading to hydrocarbon storage and producibility, including hydrocarbon-filled porosity, effective permeability, organic content, and pore pressure. Completion quality (CQ) is defined by the combination of rock properties leading to fracture surface area contacting the reservoir during production, including rock mechanical properties that will impact fracture containment, fracture complexity, retention of fracture area, and retention of fracture conductivity.
This paper assesses each parameter thoroughly and rationalizes their impact and importance. A case study using a comprehensive data set is published here to support and understand the importance of reservoir quality, along with its utilization for selective grading of prospective locations. This paper concludes a detailed workflow for determining key parameters in defining reservoir quality towards a successful shale gas play development and its exploitation.
Propagation of Nanocatalyst Particles Through Athabasca Sands
Authors: Zamani Amir , Maini Brij , Almao Pedro Pereira 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This paper presents results of an experimental study that systematically examined the propagation of nanodispersed catalyst suspension in sand packs at Athabasca reservoir conditions. The concentration and size distribution of the particles at the injection and production end were measured. The pressure drops in different segments along length of the sand pack were monitored continuously. The retention behavior of particles at the end of each experiment was examined by measuring the catalyst concentration in the bed as a function of the distance from injection end of the sand pack and also by analysis of extracted samples using scanning electron microscopy.
This research is a part of a large multidisciplinary effort aimed at developing a nanoparticles based process for in situ upgrading of heavy oil by catalytic hydrogenation during thermal recovery processes. An essential element of such in situ upgrading is the placement of nanodispersed catalyst particles deep into the formation where it can accelerate the high temperature upgrading reactions. Therefore, an understanding of the propagation behavior of nanoparticles in reservoir sand is essential for developing such technology. The results of this work would also be useful for modeling any other process involving transport of nanoparticles through porous media.
The results show that it is possible to propagate the nanodispersed catalyst suspension through sand beds without causing permeability damage but a small fraction of the injected particles are retained in the sand. It was found that much higher retention occurs in the entrance region of the bed and such retention was higher in the Athabasca sand beds than in clean silica sand with the same flow and suspension properties. A modified deep bed filtration model was developed to history match the macroscopic propagation behavior of suspended particles in sand beds.
To best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental study on transport of nanoparticles dispersed in viscous oil through sand beds. It provides valuable information on propagation and retention behavior of nanoparticles. Considering the rapidly rising use of nanoparticles in industry, such transport will be encountered in many industrial applications and environmental problems.
Using Stochastic Simulation To Quantify Risk and Uncertainty in Shale Gas Prospecting and Development
Authors: Williams-Kovacs J. D. , Clarkson C. R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Ultra-low permeability shale gas reservoirs have emerged as a significant source of natural gas in North America. Improved drilling, completion and stimulation techniques combined with declining conventional gas reserves have made shale gas a desirable commodity with significant long-term production potential.
Despite extensive development and production (particularly in North America), minimal work has been done to develop tools and methodologies for shale gas prospect analysis. Due to the complexity and large extent of unconventional natural gas resources, it is crucial to be able to investigate potential prospects in a methodical manner to determine whether a given prospect has commercial potential and to compare it to other potential prospects. Experience has shown that conventional exploration techniques using deterministic solutions are not suitable for unconventional prospects due to the unique nature of each prospect and the complexity of each reservoir.
The most common method for exploiting shale gas reservoirs is through the use of multi-fractured horizontal wells; the resulting well performance, influenced by both the stimulation treatment and complex reservoir attributes, precludes the use of traditional techniques for production data analysis and forecasting. Several new techniques have been developed to improve the quality and efficiency of analysis while accounting for properties that are unique to shale gas (i.e. adsorbed gas in self-sourced reservoirs and nanodarcy level permeability). Also, due to the complexity of shale gas reservoirs, many authors have suggested that deterministic analysis is unsuitable and that probabilistic analysis should be used to quantify the risk and uncertainty associated with shale gas prospects and the associated data.
This paper discusses a new tool that was developed specifically for shale gas prospect screening. This tool combines the latest production data analysis and forecasting techniques with a simple, yet rigorous method for stochastically comparing shale gas prospects. The paper discusses the production analysis and rate forecasting techniques used in the tool, as well as the tool development and application. A sample case using simulated data is presented for proof of concept and a discussion is given for extension of the tool for comparison of several potential prospects.
Investigation of Geomechanical Responses of Reservoirs Induced by Carbon Dioxide Storage
Authors: Eshiet Kenneth I. , Sheng Yong 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Assessment of the suitability of potential sub-surface storage sites for CO2 storage cuts across several issues, a dominant part being the sustainability in terms of the retention capacity of prospective reservoirs. Questions often raised but not properly investigated border on the stability of underground reservoirs during the injection process and the protracted effect after injection is fully completed. A review of studies on CO2 sequestration reveal several uncovered areas with one significant aspect being the geo-mechanical effect of CO2 injection and storage within the underground formation. A computational framework has been built as part of a series of ongoing investigations to ascertain the susceptibility of underground formations during and after CO2 is introduced. This is made possible by adopting a discrete element modelling (DEM) methodology as a first step in the sequence of a designed procedure. By applying this technique the formation materials are idealized as an assembly of discrete particles interacting in a manner which allow for specific descriptions of the morphology and fracturing events. Computational tests conducted on several types of models representative of reservoir formations reveal reservoir geomechanical responses highly dependent on factors such as material property of rocks, pressure build-up, and injection pressure. An example of this is observed in the mode of fracturing events which is significantly influenced by the rate of fluid injection. The outcome of this study forms a strong basis towards a better understanding of behaviour of reservoir formations subjected to CO2 injection and storage. In addition, information from these studies could serve as a reference for Enhanced Oil Recovery processes (EOR) and Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM) productions.
Prediction Performance of Permeability Models in Gas Hydrate Bearing Sands
Authors: Delli Mohana L. , Grozic Jocelyn L. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A major factor affecting the hydrate formation and that of gas dissociation is the variation of permeability of the porous media in the presence of gas hydrates. In the absence of reliable experimental data, theoretical and empirical models have been proposed to establish the relationship between gas hydrate saturation and permeability. The effectiveness of a particular permeability model in fitting the measured data has largely been qualitative through graphical analysis. In contrast, this paper introduces a quantitative performance measure to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific model in predicting the measured permeability. Secondly, a novel hybrid model based on the weighted combination of pore-filling and grain coating model is proposed. Permeability measurements from laboratory and field data were used to assess the prediction performance of various permeability models and the proposed hybrid model.
Community Engagement
Authors: Mascarenhas Audrey 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Oil and gas development in the proximity of landowners is most often met with opposition either at the application stage or after the operation begins. The publicity from recent documentaries has only added fuel to the fire. Issues with water, air and footprint top the list of environmental concerns. Stringent regulation is being enacted to attempt to address these fears. Technology will play an increasingly key role in the solutions.
Incineration technology is being used throughout the oil and gas industry worldwide to address the regulatory and landowner emission and air quality requirements. Many jurisdictions have already demanded high efficiency combustion of waste gas hydrocarbon streams. This technology delivers measurable 99.99% combustion efficiency with no visible flame, black smoke or detectable odor while reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore an improvement in overall air quality, over a conventional flaring and venting. Incineration technology has applicability in well workovers, testing, gas processing and transmission. The benefits are significant and quantifiable. Landowners become potential allies for future development and the benefits and savings continue to accumulate. Having a positive relationship with the community for the life of the reserves yields immeasurable payback for all.
In addition, the waste heat generated can be recovered converted to useful heat or power, hence unlocking the value in the waste gas stream. The focus in the future will be on energy efficiency as a means to reduce the environmental footprint. Incineration is an established innovative technology that can cost effectively significantly reduce the greenhouse gas emissions with environmental and sustainability benefits by improving air quality, minimizing footprint and hence addressing the public concerns.
Pelvic Leiomyosarcoma obstructing vaginal opening — case report
Authors: Terzic Milan , Aksam Slavica , Bila Jovan , Maricic Sanja , Arsenovic Nebojsa 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe present a 42-year-old female admitted for a 4 month history of increasing pelvic discomfort and pain. Clinical examination revealed a large tumor obstructing the vagina. Tumor markers (CA 125, CEA, AFP and CA 19-9), white blood cells and biochemical tests were all within the normal limits. Pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging scan confirmed the presence of a large retroperitoneal/pelvic mass. The tumor was surgically excised and pathohistologically diagnosed as a well differentiated leiomyosarcoma, staged IB. Six years after surgery the patient is well and disease free.
Reaction Of Barley Genotypes To <i>Bipolaris Sorokiniana</i>
Authors: Rahman MM , Alam AKMM , Naher N , Sharifuzzaman SM , Uddin MAN 
Published: December 2011

A study on response of 29 barley genotypes resistant to Bipolaris leaf blight (Bipolaris sorokiniana) was conducted to investigate the relationship of the components of resistance of 29 barley genotypes. Data on five components of resistance viz., infection frequency (number of lesions per plant), lesion size (mm2), percent leaf area affected by lesion, percent necrotic area on leaf, and disease severity were recorded as components of resistance. The genotypes fall into four clusters. Cluster I was to be the largest having 11 genotypes which was followed by cluster III, IV, and II. Considering the overall mean performances of different clusters, genotypes of cluster II showed better performance against resistance. From the cannonical variate analysis, it was found that three components like lesion size, necrosis, and 100-seed weight were found positive for the both vector, and these characters contributed maximum towards the divergence for disease development of the barley accessions. Keywords: Bipolaris sorokiniana; barley; leaf blight DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i1.9236 BJAR 2011; 36(1): 123-128
The Design of Hovercraft to Support Offshore Operations in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas
Authors: Gifford John H. , Cox Malcolm J. , Barton Robert H. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Griffon Hoverwork Ltd (GHL) was commissioned by Shell in 2009 to complete concept designs of fit for purpose hovercraft capable of conducting year round activities, from shore to 15 nautical miles offshore in the Beaufort Sea and further offshore in the Chukchi Sea. This required that the designs have the capability to operate in extreme cold conditions (-40°C) and have the ability to cross ice ridges of significant height.
The operation calls for three distinct types of hovercraft:A Routine Re-supply craft capable of carrying 30 tonne of cargo or passenger modules.A Hoverbarge capable of carrying a payload of 150 tonne.An Escape, Evacuation, Rescue (EER) craft for evacuating the rig in case of fire or other emergencies, to be positioned on the rig.

Application.
Previous work for Shell by D.F. Dickins Associates, had shown that the hovercraft may offer logistics options and a secondary solution to the problem of emergency evacuation of installations off the North Slope of Alaska.

Results, Observations and Conclusions.
As starting points, Shell provided outline concepts for two logistics craft. For the EER role, GHL have two examples of commercially available hovercraft designs that have been tried and tested in service, namely the Griffon 8100 and the BHT150. It has been reasoned that the 8100TD cannot be designed with any greater cushion height than 2.5m and the BHT150 no greater than 3.0m. Part of the requirement was to take as much research information as possible from cold weather hovercraft operations and then, using a many proven components as practical, develop the concepts. A ridge crossing formula was developed to model the capabilities of the craft and determine the ridge approach speed. From the outset, it was relised that existing craft would require extensive modifications, particularly to the skirt in order to increase the cushion clearance for operations over rough ice and potentially high sea states. This in turn required the craft to be increased in width to maintain stable operation.
The paper will show how the solutions were developed, how the key obstacles were overcome, and will explain how further research is being undertaken.
Significance of Subject Matter.
This paper describes how appropriately designed hovercraft can provide important solutions for some of the logistics and emergency evacuation problems that are foreseen for the oil industry operating offshore in the Arctic.