bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of exit gradient of hydraulic structures with cut-off walls in explainable machine learning surrogate based on numerical models
Authors: Rath Prayas , Zhu Jianting , Befus Kevin M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We develop machine learning surrogate models based on XGBoost to predict the exit gradients that are critical in optimizing hydraulic structure design and overcoming limitations of analytical methods regarding anisotropy and boundary effects. For the XGBoost model, we use 8000 MODFLOW numerical simulations covering diverse parameters affecting groundwater flow under hydraulic structures, including anisotropy, head differentials, structure width, cut-off wall depth, aquifer thickness, and uninterrupted riverbed length. We train 60% of the MODFLOW models with a coefficient of determination above 0.99. Upon cross validating, the coefficient of determination across ten splits of training data was 0.71 indicating minimal overfitting. The coefficient of determination for test data is 0.88 demonstrating reliable exit gradient prediction by the XGBoost. For explainability of the XGBoost model, we implement the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) framework. Feature selection using the SHAP values identify the anisotropy and the ratio of cut-off wall depth to aquifer thickness as the primary influencers on the exit gradients. Notably, anisotropy's impact is more pronounced when the cut-off wall is relatively smaller compared to the hydraulic structure's width. Additionally, the influence of cut-off wall depth diminishes with higher vertical anisotropy. This analysis enhances understanding of exit gradient control factors and establishing subsurface anisotropy as a crucial factor in hydraulic structure designs regarding the exit gradient.
Mapping Vulnerability Description to MITRE ATT&amp;CK Framework by LLM
Authors: Rafiey Pasha , Namadchian Amin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

As the number and complexity of cybersecurity threats continue to increase, security professionals must augment their knowledge by utilizing resources that provide insights into the attack patterns and techniques employed by attackers. This understanding allows them to better comprehend the potential impact of a vulnerability and prioritize the development of effective mitigation strategies within their organizations. Given the frequent generation of CVEs and the impossibility of manually mapping them to MITRE ATT&CK techniques, relying on automation methods such as BERT, a language model requiring training and fine-tuning becomes both expensive and time-consuming. To address this issue, our paper proposes a cost-effective approach using a general-purpose chatbot like GPT-3 to perform CVE to ATT&CK mapping, which yields similar results with lower costs and greater expandability.
Evaluating Arsenic and Lead Contamination in Itata Valley Agricultural Soils, Chile: Integration of Slurry-TXRF and Machine Learning Technique for Efficient Monitoring
Authors: Medina-González Guillermo , Medina Yelena , Muñoz Enrique , Andrade Paola , Cruz Jordi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A machine learning method was applied to improve the accuracy of the determination of Arsenic and Lead by Slurry - Total Reflection X-ray fluorescence (Slurry-TXRF) with the idea of being applied to the ecological assessment of agricultural soils. Due to TXRF's relatively low resolution, a particular and well-known overlapping of arsenic signal Kα at 10.55 keV with Lαsignal at 10.54 keV of the lead can compromise its determination. Applying a multivariate calibration method based on a machine learning algorithm, for example, Partial Least Squares, could reduce variations due to interference and, consequently, improve the selectivity and accuracy in arsenic and lead determination.
In this work the X-Ray fluorescence emission signals was evaluated for a set of 26 different synthetic calibration mixtures and a significant accuracy improvement for arsenic and lead determination was observed, overcoming the problems associated with spectral interferences. Furthermore, with these models, arsenic and lead were quantified from soils of a viticultural subregion of Chile, allowing the estimation of ecological indices in a fast and reliable way. The results report that the level of contamination of these soils concerning arsenic and lead is moderate to considerable.
An inovative regional frequency analysis approach for robust extreme precipitation assessment in data-rich and climatically diverse regions
Authors: Mahbod Mehdi , Ebrahimiat Azade , Mahmoodi-Eshkaftaki Mahmood , Rafiee Mohammad Rafie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study addresses regional frequency analysis (RFA) uncertainties caused by difficulties in identifying homogeneous subregions and choosing the best regional frequency distributions. The study modifies Hosking and Wallis (1997)'s approach to improve regionalization, especially in regions with many gauge stations. The proposed method uses 512 Iranian gauges to identify three primary regions based on annual precipitation patterns. Examining data uniformity, regional variations, frequency distributions, and quantiles for exceptional events are crucial. L-moments are important in the analysis because they estimate distribution parameters and help evaluate heterogeneity and choose distributions. The study emphasizes the importance of considering distributional characteristics beyond the mean to ensure homogeneous clusters. The findings indicate that annual precipitation patterns in Iran are spatially heterogeneous. Despite challenges, the proposed regionalization approach finds homogeneous regions that can be represented by fitted distributions. The approach's ability to accommodate spatial intricacies and tailor analysis to specific climates is shown by disaggregated area fit assessments. Thus, the study illuminates Iran's hydrological conditions-specific RFA methodology. This improves extreme precipitation estimates and aids water resource management and strategic planning. The methodology can meet different user needs and be implemented in comparable regions worldwide.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Hot Water Foot Bath Therapy on the Quality of Sleep Among Elderly People at Selected Old Age Home, Dehradun
Authors: LUFINA  
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aging is a normal process that happens throughout the life of a person and brings various changes. Age has an effect on the sleep cycle, increasing the amount of light sleep and decreasing the amount of deep sleep. This change to lighter sleep leads to a raise in brief awakenings, and more disturbance in sleep. In order to improve the quality of sleep, nurses must be vigilant in identifying and treating sleep problems by using interventions like hot water foot bath therapy. It enhances elderly people’s sleep quality and helps them in preventing them from various sleep disorders.
Methodology: Quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was used by using PSQI Scale.
Settings and Design: A quasi-experimental design was adopted to fulfil the purpose of the study. The study was conducted at a selected Old Age Home in Dehradun.
Results: The findings of the study reveals that the mean post-test sleep quality of the control group (8.95 ± 2.80) was higher than the mean post-test experimental group (4.00 ± 0.97). This implies that there was a significant improvement in the quality of sleep in the experimental group as compared to the control group (tcal = 7.468), p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The present study concluded that warm water foot bath was highly beneficial for improving sleep quality among elderly people.
MobiPower: Scheduling Mobile Charging Stations for UAV-Mounted Edge Servers in Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Huang Aiwen , Li Xianger , Chen Xuyang , Song Wei , Tang Zhihai , Chang Le , Wang Tian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been proposed as the carriers of mobile edge servers. Such UAV-mounted edge servers can offer computation offloading service to users more efficiently due to their fast movement. However, the limited battery endurance of the UAVs places a real challenge. In this paper, we propose MobiPower: a two-layer UAV-based edge computing and charging scheme for Internet of Vehicles (IoVs). The UAV-mounted edge servers fly in the air to serve the IoV nodes, while the Mobile Charging Stations (MCSs) move on ground to charge these UAVs. As the mobile charging stations are low-speed trucks which are difficult to respond to the realtime traffic change, we predict the future traffic based on the historical data to facilitate obtaining the offline scheduling strategies in advance. Moreover, we use hierarchical clustering to analyze the traffic patterns and classify the regions with same pattern into the same cluster. Mobile charging stations will only be scheduled between different clusters to reduce the complexity. Finally, we design an auction-based mobile charging station scheduling algorithm to maximize the amount of offloaded tasks and reduce the moving distance of the mobile charging stations. We perform the analysis and experiments on a popular trace, i.e., the TaxiBJ trace, and the experimental results show that our heuristic strategies effectively schedule the mobile charging stations over the entire map and demonstrate superior performance compared with existing popular methods, e.g., up to 36.46% improvement in terms of task offloading ratio and 39.06% less scheduling distance of the mobile charging stations under typical scenarios.
Investigation of Geometrical Parameters on Heat Transfer Performance in Pillow Plate Heat Exchangers Across Varied Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Rikandeh Seyedmozafar. Samadi , Jamei Mehran Khaki , Abbasi Morteza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This numerical simulation study investigates a pillow plate heat exchanger, exploring the influence of changes in pillow channel height, longitudinal, and transverse distances of welding points on Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance across a range of Reynolds numbers from 1000 to 7000. The fluid inlet temperature is held constant at 298 K, with a heat flux of 5000 W/m² applied to both upper and lower plates in all simulations, providing a consistent basis for comparison. Firstly, the analysis delves into the effects of varying pillow channel height on heat transfer efficiency and fluid flow dynamics within the heat exchanger. Transitioning from a Reynolds number of 1000 to 7000, the friction factor is decreased by 43.2%, 45.7%, and 41.9% for channel heights of 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm, respectively. Secondly, the study examines the impact of different longitudinal distances of welding points on key performance indicators such as Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance. According to the acquired data, the Nusselt numbers for the highest Reynolds number are 175.439, 163.3, and 154.579 for models with longitudinal distances of the welding points ranging from 50 to 70 mm, respectively. Lastly, the research investigates how alterations in the transverse distances of welding points affect Nusselt number, friction factor, and overall thermal performance of the heat exchanger.
Minibioreactor arrays to model microbiome response to alcohol and tryptophan in the context of alcohol-associated liver disease
Authors: Cassard Anne-Marie , Hu Wanchao , Naimi Sabrine , Trainel Nicolas , Moal Vanessa Liévin-Le , Perlemuter Gabriel , Chassaing Benoit , Ciocan Dragos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a role in the severity of alcohol-associated liver disease. Hence, modifying severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) dysbiosis improves liver injury through tryptophan (Trp) metabolites and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). However, the effect of Trp on IM in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients remains unclear. Here, we used an in vitro microbiota modeling system named Minibioreactor arrays (MBRAs) to study IM in continuous and controlled-flow cultures. Feces from AUD patients with or without AH were transferred to MBRAs and treated with low, normal, or high Trp concentrations and in the presence of alcohol or not. 16s IM sequencing and AhR activity were studied. We showed that microbial communities from donors were maintained in MBRA. High and low Trp increased the abundance of pathogen Escherichia/Shigella in AH and AUD IM. High Trp decreased the Shannon index in AH IM. In the absence of alcohol, Trp changed more bacteria in AUD IM compared to AH IM. Compared to low Trp, normal Trp increased the AhR activity, whereas high Trp activated AhR only in AUD IM. Overall, it appears that maintaining normal Trp levels is relevant to prevent dysbiosis in AUD or AH, which should be confirmed through in vivo experimentation.
Epigenetic signature of human vitamin D3 and IL-10-conditioned regulatory DCs
Authors: Liu Silvia , Zahorchak Alan F. , Dobrowolski Steven F. , Metes Diana M. , Abdelsamed Hossam A. , Thomson Angus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

During differentiation of precursor cells into their destination cell type, cell-fate
decisions are enforced by a broad array of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, which is reflected by the transcriptome. Thus, regulatory dendritic cells (DCregs) acquire specific epigenetic
programs and immunomodulatory functions during their differentiation from monocytes. To define the
epigenetic signature of human DCregs generated in vitamin D3 (vitD3) and IL-10 compared to immune
stimulatory DCs (sDCs), we measured levels of DNA methylation by whole genome bisulfite
sequencing (WGBS). Distinct DNA methylation patterns were acquired by DCregs compared to sDCs.
These patterns were located mainly in transcriptional regulatory regions. Associated genes were
enriched in STAT3-signaling and valine catabolism in DCregs; conversely, pro-inflammatory pathways,
e.g. pattern recognition receptor signaling, were enriched in sDCs. Further, DCreg differentially-
methylated regions (DMRs) were enriched in binding motifs specific to the immunomodulatory
transcription factor Krueppel-like factor 11 (KLF11), while activator protein-1 (AP-1) (Fos:Jun)
transcription factor-binding motifs were enriched in sDC DMRs. Using publicly-available data-sets, we
defined a common epigenetic signature shared between DCregs generated in vitD3 and IL-10, or
dexamethasone or vitD3 alone. These insights may help pave the way for design of epigenetic-based
approaches to enhance the production of DCregs as effective therapeutic agents.
Integrated Care for People Experiencing Homelessness: Changes in Emergency Department Use and Behavioral Health Symptom Severity
Authors: Grove Lexie R. , Benzer Justin K. , McNeil Maria F. , Mercer Tim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Health care for individuals experiencing homelessness is typically fragmented, passive, reactionary, and lacks patient-centeredness. These challenges are exacerbated for people who experience chronic medical conditions in addition to behavioral health conditions. The objective was to evaluate an innovative healthcare delivery model (The Mobile, Medical, and Mental Health Care [M3] Team) for individuals experiencing homelessness who have trimorbid chronic medical conditions, serious mental illness, and substance use disorders.
Methods
We assessed changes in study measures before and after M3 Team enrollment using multi-level mixed-effects generalized linear models. Data sources included primary data collected as part of the program evaluation and administrative records from a regional health information exchange. Program participants continuously enrolled in the M3 Team between August 13, 2019 and February 28, 2022 were included in the evaluation (N = 54). The M3 Team integrates primary care, behavioral health care, and services to address health-related social needs. Outcome measures included number and probability of emergency department (ED) visits and behavioral health symptom severity measured using the Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-24) and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI).
Results
M3 Team participants experienced a decrease of 2.332 visits (SE = 1.051, p < 0.05) in the predicted number of ED visits in a 12-month follow-up period, as compared to the 12-month pre-enrollment period. M3 Team participants also experienced significant reductions in multiple domains of mental health symptoms and functioning and alcohol and drug use severity.
Conclusions
Individuals experiencing homelessness who received integrated, patient-centered care from the M3 Team saw reductions in ED use and improvements in aspects of self-reported psychosocial functioning and substance use symptoms after enrollment in this novel healthcare delivery model.
Fossil record misconstrued: Sponge-like fabrics reflect incipient carbonate metamorphism
Authors: Neuweiler Fritz , Mueller Mathias , Walter Benjamin , Landing Ed , Beranoaguirre Aratz , Sendino Consuelo , Amati Lisa , Kershaw Stephen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The earliest named stromatolite Cryptozoon Hall, 1884 (Late Cambrian, ca. 490 Ma, eastern New York State), was recently re-interpreted as interlayered microbial mat and non-spiculate (keratosan) sponge deposit. This “classic stromatolite” has come to be central to a fundamental debate concerning the significance or even existence of non-spiculate sponges in carbonate rocks of the Neoproterozoic (Tonian) onward. We determine herein that Cryptozoon has three types of primary carbonate layers: clotted-pelletoidal micrite with microbial filaments, clotted-pelletoidal micrite with vesicular structure, and dense microcrystalline laminae. Using contextual fabric analysis, elemental mapping, cathodoluminescence microscopy, fluid inclusions, electron backscatter diffraction, U–Pb carbonate dating, and regional burial history, the sponge interpretation is rebutted. We conclude that suspect fabric elements are secondary in nature and best explained as products of deep burial alteration. Incipient carbonate metamorphism is early Carboniferous in age (Mississippian, terminal Acadian orogeny). Key petrographic observations include heterogenous recrystallization (aggraded Ostwald ripening) associated with interfingering reaction fronts typical for partially miscible fluids, a granoblastic calcite texture exhibiting preferred crystallographic orientation, and subsequent authigenic white mica (deepest burial; late Carboniferous and Permian Appalachian orogeny). Topotype Cryptozoon is a sub-greenschist metacarbonate stromatolite. The published Tonian to Phanerozoic record of non-spiculate sponges needs to be reassessed.
Intraoperative fluid management is not predictive of AKI in major pancreatic surgery: A single center 200 patient retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lydon Kerri , Shah Saurin J. , Mongan Kai L. , Mongan Paul D. , Cantrell Michael Calvin , Awad Ziad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND Pancreatic surgery is associated with a significant risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF). This investigation evaluated the impact of intraoperative volume administration, vasopressor therapy, and blood pressure management on the primary outcome of AKI and the secondary outcome of a CR-POPF after pancreatic surgery.METHODS This retrospective single-center cohort investigated 200 consecutive pancreatic surgeries (January 2018- December 2021). Patients were categorized for the presence/absence of AKI (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) and CR-POPF. After univariate analysis, multivariable models were constructed to control for the univariate cofactor differences in the primary and secondary outcomes.RESULTS AKI was identified in 20 patients (10%) with significant univariate differences in demographics (body mass index and gender), comorbidities, indices of chronic renal insufficiency, and an increased AKI risk score. Surgical characteristics, intraoperative fluid, vasopressor, and blood pressure management were similar in patients with and without AKI. Patients with AKI had increased blood loss, lower urine output, and packed red blood cell administration. After multivariate analysis, male gender (OR = 7.9, 95% C.I. 1.8–35.1) and the AKI risk score (OR = 6.3, 95% C.I. 24-16.4) were highly associated with the development of AKI (p < 0.001). Intraoperative and postoperative volume, vasopressor administration, and intraoperative hypotension had no significant impact in the multivariate analysis. CR-POPF occurred in 23 patients (11.9%) with no significant contributing factors in the multivariate analysis. Patients who developed AKI or a CR-POPF had an increase in surgical complications, length of stay, discharge to a skilled nursing facility, and mortality.CONCLUSION Factors such as gender and an AKI RISK score were associated with an increased likelihood of AKI. The development of AKI or a CR-POPF was associated with longer length of stay, discharge to a skilled nursing facility, or death. However, no modifiable volume, vasopressor, or blood pressure targets were identified to decrease the risk of AKI or CR-POPF.
Smoke Management Characteristics in a Road Tunnel with Different Scenarios of Exhaust Fans and Solid Curtains
Authors: Elsaid Ashraf Mimi , Ali Hashim , Wahba M. A. , Abd-Raboo M. F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The continued condensation of the smoke emitted from the fire arising through the road tunnels leads to many dangers, the most important of which is a loud explosion that may extend outside the tunnels and be a fatal factor for innocent people due to poor design that leads to loss of safety. Also, the increased concentration and level of smoke inside the long tunnels lead to poor visibility for vehicle drivers, in addition to a lack of oxygen and more CO2, causing a catastrophe to increase the number of deaths of tunnel occupants. Also, increasing the concentration and level of smoke inside the long tunnels leads to a lack of visibility, in addition to a lack of oxygen, which is a cause of a catastrophe with the death of the tunnel’s occupants. To overcome these risks, controlling the smoke generated while directing them away from the level of visibility of tanker truck drivers has become an urgent necessity to save lives and reduce the level of environmental pollutants to achieve safety. The present research aims to conduct a numerical investigation of smoke management due to solid curtains and a transverse ventilation system on smoke condensation leading to blowouts inside a road tunnel with tanker trucks. The FDS version 2018 code is used for modeling the numerical simulations with model validation performed through open literature studies. Different important parameters of temperature distribution, visibility level, and carbon monoxide concentration through tunnels have been studied. Four suggested scenarios are developed, simulated numerically, and discussed at a horizontal road tunnel for 600 seconds when achieving steady-state conditions. The road tunnel is a rectangular cross-section area with a 10 m width and 5 m height. A release heat rate of 100 MW fire is considered equivalent to a burning tanker, while a fixed position of generated fire at 300 m from the road tunnel entrance is supposed. Increasing the volumetric flow rate of exhaust fans with the use of solid curtains (Scenario-D) leads to enhancing the visibility level, decreasing the concentration level of CO, and accordingly safe people through tunnels during a fire with a rate of 100 MW.