bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shaping conjugated hollow fibers using a four‐segmented arc spinneret
Authors: Su Y.Y. , Rwei S.P. , Wu L.Y. , Lin Y.T. , An T.C. , Lin W.P. , Chien S.P. , Lin L.Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study discusses a light‐weight bicomponent hollow fiber that is formed from a low‐density material on the inside, such as polypropylene (PP), and a regularly dyeable material outside, such as polyterephthalate (PET) or nylon. Finite elements and the Optimesh‐3D remeshing approach are adopted to identify the main controlling factors of spinning the sheath‐core hollow fiber without the consideration of winding actions are performed, based on a four‐segmented arc spinneret design. The results indicate that the deflection of melt streams under the spinneret is a major factor that controls the gluing of the gap between arc segments. A greater mismatch between the viscosities of the sheath and the core causes a greater deflection and increases the likelihood of gluing events. Beyond deflection, die swelling under the spinneret is another issue of concern in the processing of bicomponent hollow fibers. Finally, the simulation results are compared with experimental data, and the most appropriate conditions for forming a PET/PP hollow fiber were obtained. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Natural Two‐Higgs‐Doublet Model
Authors: Grzadkowski B. , Osland P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe show that the Two‐Higgs‐Doublet Model (2HDM) constrained by the two‐loop‐order requirement of cancellation of quadratic divergences is consistent with the existing experimental constraints. The model allows to ameliorate the little hierarchy problem by suppressing the quadratic corrections to scalar masses and lifting the mass of the lightest Higgs boson. A strong source of CP violation emerges from the scalar potential. The cutoff originating from the naturality arguments is shifted from ∼ 0.6 TeV in the Standard Model to ≳ 6 TeV in the 2HDM, depending on the mass of the lightest scalar.
Vitamin D deficiency promotes prostate cancer growth in bone
Authors: Zheng Yu , Zhou Hong , Ooi Li Laine , Snir Afik D. , Dunstan Colin R. , Seibel Markus J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDVitamin D is considered as an important determinant of bone turnover as well as cancer growth. Using a murine model of bone metastasis, we investigated the effect of vitamin D deficiency on prostate cancer cell growth in bone.METHODSThree‐week‐old male nude mice were fed either normal chow (control) or a diet deficient in vitamin D. The latter diet resulted in severe hypovitaminosis D within 6 weeks. At this point of time, 5 × 104 cells of the prostate cancer cell line, PC‐3, were injected either into the bone marrow (tibia) or subcutaneously into soft tissues. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) was co‐administered in subgroups of mice to suppress bone remodeling. Osteolytic lesions were monitored by serial X‐ray, while soft tissue tumor growth was measured by caliper. All tissues were analyzed by micro‐CT and histology at endpoint.RESULTSBone turnover was significantly accelerated in vitamin D deficient compared to vitamin D sufficient mice from week 6 onwards. Intra‐tibially implanted PC‐3 cells resulted in mixed osteolytic and osteosclerotic lesion. At endpoint, osteolytic and osteosclerotic lesion areas, total tumor area, and tumor mitotic activity were all significantly increased in vitamin D deficient mice compared to controls. Regardless of diet, OPG reduced bone turnover, total tumor, and osteosclerotic area as well as tumor mitotic activity, while promoting cell apoptosis. In contrast, vitamin D deficiency did not alter tumor growth in soft tissues.CONCLUSIONVitamin D deficiency stimulates prostate cancer growth in bone through modulating the bone microenvironment. Prostate 71: 1012–1021, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A replication study examining three common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer in a Japanese population
Authors: Liu Miao , Suzuki Motofumi , Arai Tomio , Sawabe Motoji , Enomoto Yutaka , Nishimatsu Hiroaki , Kume Haruki , Homma Yukio , Kitamura Tadaichi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, genome‐wide association studies have independently identified multiple prostate cancer risk variants on 8q24 and 17q in European and American populations. In this study, we examined the association between three key single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these two regions and the risk of prostate cancer in a Japanese population.METHODSThe associations between the rs6983561, rs4430796, and rs1859962 SNPs and prostate cancer susceptibility and tumor aggressiveness were examined in a total of 950 Japanese subjects (518 with sporadic prostate cancer (SPCa), 109 with latent prostate cancer (LPCa), and 323 controls).RESULTSAfter adjustments for age, the C allele of rs6983561 and the A allele of rs4430796 were significantly more frequent among the SPCa patients than among the controls. Men who carry these risk alleles have an estimated odds ratio (OR) of 1.55 and 1.35, respectively. Furthermore, the SNPs rs6983561 and rs4430796 were associated with a susceptibility to aggressive prostate cancer, whereas rs1859962 was associated with non‐aggressive prostate cancer. However, no significant difference was observed between these three polymorphisms and the risk of LPCa. We also examined the cumulative association of these three SNPs and prostate cancer susceptibility. Compared with men who do not have any risk alleles, the ORs increased according to the number of risk alleles that were present (P‐value for trend: 8.1 × 10−4).CONCLUSIONOur results further confirmed that variants at 8q24 and 17q are associated with the risk of prostate cancer and play an important role in tumor aggressiveness. Prostate 71:1023–1032, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endothelial progenitor cells and circulating endothelial cells in early prostate cancer: A comparison with plasma vascular markers
Authors: Blann Andrew D. , Balakrishnan Balu , Shantsila Eduard , Ryan Peter , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeparate studies indicate that endothelial perturbation, as demonstrated by abnormal endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), circulating endothelial cells (CECs), and plasma markers such as von Willebrand factor (vWf) and soluble E selectin (sEsel) are present in cancer. However, there are no reports where these indices are compared. Accordingly, we hypothesized altered EPCs and CECs in prostate cancer that would correlate with vWf, sEsel, and prostate specific antigen (PSA).METHODSWe recruited 29 men with biopsy proven prostate cancer, with 25 with benign prostate disease and 27 free of prostate disease. CECs were defined on flow cytometry as being CD34+, CD146+, CD45−, and CD309−, EPCs were similarly defined as being CD34+, CD309+, CD45−, and CD146−. vWf, sEsel, and PSA were measured by immunoassay.RESULTSDespite higher PSA, sE‐sel, and vWf in prostate cancer (all P < 0.02), neither EPCs, CECs, nor their ratio, were significantly different. EPCs and CECs correlated significantly with each other in each group (r > 0.48, P < 0.01) but failed to correlate with any plasma marker.CONCLUSIONUnlike plasma endothelial markers, CECs and EPCs may play little part in the pathophysiology of early prostate cancer. Prostate 71:1047–1053, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dedifferentiation of prostate smooth muscle cells in response to bacterial LPS
Authors: Leimgruber Carolina , Quintar Amado A. , Sosa Liliana D.V. , García Luciana N. , Figueredo Mauricio , Maldonado Cristina A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are strongly involved in the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. However, their participation in prostatitis has not been completely elucidated. Thus, we aimed to characterize the response of normal SMC to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).METHODSPrimary prostate SMCs from normal rats were stimulated with LPS (0.1, 1, or 10 µg/ml) for 24 or 48 hr. The phenotype was evaluated by electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blot of SMCα‐actin (ACTA2), calponin, vimentin, and tenascin‐C, while the innate immune response was assessed by immunodetection of TLR4, CD14, and nuclear NF‐κB. The secretion of TNFα and IL6 was determined using ELISA.RESULTSBacterial LPS induces SMCs to develop a secretory phenotype including dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae with well‐developed Golgi complexes. Furthermore, SMCs displayed a decrease in ACTA2 and calponin, and an increase in vimentin levels after LPS challenge. The co‐expression of ACTA2 and vimentin, together with the induction of tenascin‐C expression indicate that a myofibroblastic‐like phenotype was induced by the endotoxin. Moreover, LPS elicited a TLR4 increase, with a peak in NF‐κB activation occurring after 10 min of treatment. Finally, LPS stimulated the secretion of IL6 and TNFα.CONCLUSIONSProstate SMCs are capable of responding to LPS in vitro by dedifferentiating from a contractile to a miofibroblastic‐like phenotype and secreting cytokines, with the TLR4 signaling pathway being involved in this response. In this way, prostate SMCs may contribute to the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases by modifying the epithelial–stromal interactions. Prostate 71:1097–1107, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outage probability for cooperative diversity with selective combining in cellular networks
Authors: Yu Hyungseok , Stüber Gordon L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper analyzes the outage probability for amplify‐and‐forward (AF) and decode‐and‐forward (DF) cooperative diversity systems with selective combining, for the case of a log‐normal Nakagami faded desired signal and log‐normal Rayleigh faded co‐channel interferers. The outage probability is compared to that of a dual‐receive antenna system also with selective combining. The results of this paper show that the proposed cooperative diversity systems can result in a lower outage probability than the corresponding dual‐receive antenna system, but only when the relay is located in a particular region of the cell with respect to the destination mobile station location. Moreover, this paper shows that the AF cooperative diversity system is more robust than the DF cooperative diversity system for the composite channel condition and multiple interferers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MBS zone configuration schemes for wireless multicast and broadcast service
Authors: Hu Kai‐Hsiang , Fu Huai‐Lei , Lin Phone 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Multicast Broadcast Service (MBS) zone technology is proposed to provide MBS with high QoS on Mobile Communications Networks (MCNs). An MBS zone consists of a group of Base Stations (BSs) synchronized to transmit the same MBS content using the same multicasting channel, which potentially reduces the time delay for Mobile Stations (MSs) to handoff between different BSs in the same MBS zone. However, significant time delay still incurs while MSs handoff between different BSs belonging to different MBS zones (i.e., the inter‐MBS zone handoff). To reduce the possibility for the inter‐MBS zone handoff, we may increase the size of an MBS zone (i.e., more BSs contained in an MBS zone), which may result in poor multicasting channel utilization. This paper proposes the OverLapping Scheme (OLS) and the Enhanced OverLapping Scheme (EOLS) for more flexible MBS zone configuration to get better performance for MBS in terms of QoS and radio resource utilization. We propose the analytical models for the original MBS zone technology (namely the Basic scheme), and the OLS scheme, which are validated against the simulation experiments. Based on the simulation results, we investigate the performance for the Basic scheme, the OLS scheme, and the EOLS scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of the World Health Organization Tool for Situational Analysis to Assess Emergency and Essential Surgical Care at District Hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Osen Hayley , Chang David , Choo Shelly , Perry Henry , Hesse Afua , Abantanga Francis , McCord Colin , Chrouser Kristin , Abdullah Fizan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) Tool for Situational Analysis to Assess Emergency and Essential Surgical Care (hereafter called the WHO Tool) has been used in more than 25 countries and is the largest effort to assess surgical care in the world. However, it has not yet been independently validated. Test–retest reliability is one way to validate the degree to which tests instruments are free from random error. The aim of the present field study was to determine the test–retest reliability of the WHO Tool.MethodsThe WHO Tool was mailed to 10 district hospitals in Ghana. Written instructions were provided along with a letter from the Ghana Health Services requesting the hospital administrator to complete the survey tool. After ensuring delivery and completion of the forms, the study team readministered the WHO Tool at the time of an on‐site visit less than 1 month later. The results of the two tests were compared to calculate kappa statistics for each of the 152 questions in the WHO Tool. The kappa statistic is a statistical measure of the degree of agreement above what would be expected based on chance alone.ResultsTen hospitals were surveyed twice over a short interval (i.e., less than 1 month). Weighted and unweighted kappa statistics were calculated for 152 questions. The median unweighted kappa for the entire survey was 0.43 (interquartile range 0–0.84). The infrastructure section (24 questions) had a median kappa of 0.81; the human resources section (13 questions) had a median kappa of 0.77; the surgical procedures section (67 questions) had a median kappa of 0.00; and the emergency surgical equipment section (48 questions) had a median kappa of 0.81.ConclusionsHospital capacity survey questions related to infrastructure characteristics had high reliability. However, questions related to process of care had poor reliability and may benefit from supplemental data gathered by direct observation. Limitations to the study include the small sample size: 10 district hospitals in a single country. Consistent and high correlations calculated from the field testing within the present analysis suggest that the WHO Tool for Situational Analysis is a reliable tool where it measures structure and setting, but it should be revised for measuring process of care.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided anterograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Binmoeller Kenneth F. , Nguyen‐Tang Thai 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may fail in 10–15% of cases. A growing percentage of such cases are due to the inaccessible papilla after gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of obesity. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) offers an alternative route of access to the bile and pancreatic ducts. Using the curved linear array echoendoscope, access to the bile and pancreatic ducts is possible under real‐time EUS guidance. The route of access is ‘anterograde’, in contrast to the ‘retrograde’ approach of ERCP. We have coined the term “EUS‐guided anterograde cholangiopancreatography (EACP)” to cover the spectrum of EUS‐guided techniques for accessing and draining the bile and pancreatic ducts. These techniques are reviewed in this paper. The literature has validated the feasibility of EACP but complication rates have been high; the safety profile of EACP must improve. This will require tools, designed for EUS‐guided applications, that enable safer transenteric access and drainage.
Evolution and Revision of the Perioperative Nursing Data Set
Authors: Petersen Carol , Kleiner Cathy 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS) is a nursing language that provides standardized terminology to support perioperative nursing practice. The PNDS represents perioperative nursing knowledge and comprises data elements and definitions that demonstrate the nurse's influence on patient outcomes. Emerging issues and changes in practice associated with the PNDS standardized terminology require ongoing maintenance and periodic in‐depth review of its content. Like each new edition of the Perioperative Nursing Data Set, the third edition, published in 2010, underwent content validation by numerous experts in clinical practice, vocabulary development, and informatics. The goal of this most recent edition is to enable the perioperative nurse to use the PNDS in a meaningful manner, as well as to promote standardization of PNDS implementation in practice, both in written documentation and the electronic health record.
Looking Outside to Meet Internal Challenges: The Benefits of Outsourcing
Authors: Neiderer Pam 
Published: December 2010

AbstractProviding resourceful solutions to common facility management challenges can require many steps, including internal and external research, evaluating potential options, and implementing new protocols. The outpatient surgical services administrator at the Surgical Center of York and the Endoscopy Center of Memorial Hospital, York, Pennsylvania, addressed the challenge of managing and meeting surgeons' expectations and requests for better equipment and increased patient volume for ophthalmology procedures while maintaining a strict budget. Outsourcing of surgical equipment was identified as a viable option to meet these needs.
Job strain, work characteristics and back pain: A study in a University hospital
Authors: Courvoisierl Delphine S. , Genevayl Stéphane , Cedraschil Christine , Bessirel Nadia , Griesser‐Delacretazl Anne‐Claude , Monninl Dominique , Pernegerl Thomas V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives: The demand‐control‐support “job strain” model is frequently used in occupational health research. We sought to explore the relationship between job strain and back pain.Method: One thousand two hundred and ninety‐eight collaborators of a Swiss teaching hospital responded to a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey that measured job strain, the occurrence of back pain as well as the characteristics and consequences of this pain.Results: Job strain computed with both psychological and physical demands was strongly and significantly associated with various measures of back pain. These associations displayed a dose—response pattern, and remained strong even after adjustment for job characteristics and professional categories. In contrast, separate dimensions of job strain (except physical demands) and job strain computed with only psychological demands did not remain significantly associated with back pain after adjustment for other variables.Conclusion: Our results support the findings linking back pain to job strain. Moreover, the relationship between back pain and job strain is much stronger if job strain includes both psychological and physical demands. Results of this study suggest that workplace interventions that aim to reduce job strain may help prevent back pain and may alleviate the personal, social, and economic burden attributable to back pain.
Field research in operations and supply chain management
Authors: DeHoratius Nicole , Rabinovich Elliot 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article highlights the contribution of field research to the generation of operations and supply chain management theory. We summarize the papers included in this special issue while emphasizing the value of research that offers rich descriptions of operating practices. The specific articles included in this volume illustrate how field based observations and a deep understanding of the operating phenomenon can benefit both the development of theory and the advancement of management practice.
Taxonomic status and paleoecology of Rusingoryx atopocranion (Mammalia, Artiodactyla), an extinct Pleistocene bovid from Rusinga Island, Kenya
Authors: Faith J. Tyler , Choiniere Jonah N. , Tryon Christian A. , Peppe Daniel J. , Fox David L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRusingoryx atopocranion is a poorly known extinct alcelaphine bovid, documented in Pleistocene deposits associated with Middle Stone Age artifacts on Rusinga Island, Kenya. Following its initial description, Rusingoryx was subsumed into Megalotragus, which includes the extinct giant wildebeests, on the basis of its cranial architecture. Renewed investigations of the Pleistocene deposits on Rusinga Island recovered a large sample of Rusingoryx specimens that provide new taxonomic and paleoecological insight. This study (1) reviews the morphological and phylogenetic evidence concerning the taxonomic status of Rusingoryx and (2) evaluates its paleoecology and dietary habits. The morphology and phylogenetic data indicate that Rusingoryx is distinct from Megalotragus; they likely shared a common ancestor in the late Pliocene. Ecomorphology and mesowear analysis point to a specialized grazing adaptation, and its association with arid-adapted ungulates suggests a preference for arid grasslands. The confirmation of Rusingoryx as a valid taxonomic entity, together with the presence of other extinct taxa (including Megalotragus) on Rusinga Island, suggests an increasingly complex pattern of ungulate biogeography and extinctions in the late Quaternary of East Africa. Rusingoryx appears to have been part of an arid-adapted faunal community that potentially persisted in East Africa until the onset of the Holocene.
A chironomid-based reconstruction of summer temperatures in NW Iceland since AD 1650
Authors: Langdon P.G. , Caseldine C.J. , Croudace I.W. , Jarvis S. , Wastegård S. , Crowford T.C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFew studies currently exist that aim to validate a proxy chironomid-temperature reconstruction with instrumental temperature measurements. We used a reconstruction from a chironomid percentage abundance data set to produce quantitative summer temperature estimates since AD 1650 for NW Iceland through a transfer function approach, and validated the record against instrumental temperature measurements from Stykkishólmur in western Iceland. The core was dated through Pb-210, Cs-137 and tephra analyses (Hekla 1693) which produced a well-constrained dating model across the whole study period. Little catchment disturbance, as shown through geochemical (Itrax) and loss-on-ignition data, throughout the period further reinforce the premise that the chironomids were responding to temperature and not other catchment or within-lake variables. Particularly cold phases were identified between AD 1683–1710, AD 1765–1780 and AD 1890–1917, with relative drops in summer temperatures in the order of 1.5–2°C. The timing of these cold phases agree well with other evidence of cooler temperatures, notably increased extent of Little Ice Age (LIA) glaciers. Our evidence suggests that the magnitude of summer temperature cooling (1.5–2°C) was enough to force LIA Icelandic glaciers into their maximum Holocene extent, which is in accordance with previous modelling experiments for an Icelandic ice cap (Langjökull).