bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure Characterization and Electrical Conductivity Measurement of La1−xCaxCrO3 (x = 0.25, 0.4, 0.5) Prepared by Aspartic Acid‐Assisted Solution Combustion
Authors: Mukherjee S. , Gonal M. R. , Patel M. K. , Roy M. , Patra A. , Tyagi A. K. 
Published: August 2011

Nanocrystalline La1−xCaxCrO3 (x = 0.25, 0.40, 0.50) powders were synthesized by gel‐combustion process using aspartic acid as a fuel. Phase identification of the samples was carried out by powder X‐ray diffraction. Pore distribution and microstructure of sintered pellets were investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SANS and relative density measurement results indicate better sinterability for products with lower Ca2+ concentration. Four‐probe direct current electrical conductivity of LaCrO3 with different Ca2+ concentrations was measured in the temperature range 350°C–1000°C in air as well as in hydrogen atmosphere. Linear behavior of Arrhenius plots of electrical conductivities in both air and hydrogen atmosphere indicates charge carrier transport is due to thermally activated hopping conduction of small hole‐polarons. It was observed that the electrical conductivity decreased with increasing substitution of Ca2+ concentration instead of increasing small polaron concentration as expected. This trend in electrical conductivity is attributed to the neutralization of some small polarons due to formation of oxygen vacancies with increase in Ca2+ concentration.
Fluoride content of Ready‐to‐Feed (RTF) infant food and drinks in the UK
Authors: Maguire Anne , Omid Narges , Abuhaloob Lamis , Moynihan Paula J. , Zohoori Fatemeh V. 
Published: August 2011

Maguire A, Omid N, Abuhaloob L, Moynihan PJ, Zohoori FV. Fluoride content of Ready‐to‐Feed (RTF) infant food and drinks in the UK. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 26–36. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Background:  The level of Fluoride exposure needed to cause dental fluorosis is not known precisely. An awareness of total F intake from all sources, especially during the critical stages of dental development during infancy and early childhood, is important in preventing the development of dental fluorosis.Objectives:  The aim of the study was to measure F content of ready‐to‐feed (RTF) infant drinks and foods in the UK.Methods:  In total, 122 infant foods were analysed for F concentrations, in triplicate, indirectly by an acid diffusion method and 25 infant drinks analysed directly using an F‐ion‐selective electrode after addition of TISABIII.Results:  The median (range) F concentration was 0.110 (0.030–0.221) μg/g for breakfast cereals, 0.112 (0.040–1.200) μg/g for savoury meals, 0.056 (0.030–0.379) μg/g for desserts, 0.044 (0.020–0.191) μg/g for fruits, 0.196 (0.040–0.397) μg/g for baked goods, 0.069 (0.050–0.148) μg/ml for juices, 0.016 (0.009–0.030) μg/ml for milks and 0.041 (0.022–0.069) μg/ml for waters. The median (range) F concentration of all RTF infant foods and drinks by recommended age of consumption was 0.029 (0.010–0.245), 0.088 (0.020–0.500), 0.108 (0.100–0.510) and 0.108 (0.060–1.200) μg/g for infants from birth, 4+ month, 6+ month and 10+ month, respectively.Conclusion:  The results suggest that the F concentrations of UK‐marketed RTF infant foods, drinks and formula milk are not sufficiently high to be a risk factor for dental fluorosis, if consumption is within the limits recommended for infants and young children.
Childhood socioeconomic position, adult sense of coherence and tooth retention
Authors: Bernabé Eduardo , Watt Richard G. , Sheiham Aubrey , Suominen Anna L. , Vehkalahti Miira M. , Nordblad Anne , Uutela Antti , Kivimäki Mika , Tsakos Georgios 
Published: August 2011

Bernabé E, Watt RG, Sheiham A, Suominen AL, Vehkalahti MM, Nordblad A, Uutela A, Kivimäki M, Tsakos G. Childhood socioeconomic position, adult sense of coherence and tooth retention. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 46–52. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objective:  To explore the role of sense of coherence (SOC) as a mediator in the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and tooth retention in adulthood.Methods:  Data from 5401 dentate adults aged 30 and over who participated in the nationally representative Finnish Health 2000 Survey were analysed. Participants provided information on demographic characteristics (sex and age), childhood SEP (parental education), adulthood SEP (years of education and household income), the SOC scale and oral health‐related behaviours (dental attendance, toothbrushing frequency, sugar intake frequency and daily smoking). They also had a clinical oral health examination. Structural equation modelling was used to test a model including adulthood SEP, SOC and oral health‐related behaviours as mediators of the relationship between childhood SEP and tooth retention. Multigroup comparison was also conducted to test the hypothesized model within each sex and age group (<45 years, 45–59 years and 60+ years).Results:  The relationship between childhood SEP and tooth retention in adulthood was to a large extent mediated by adulthood SEP and to a much lesser extent by SOC. There was only a weak association between childhood SEP and adult SOC, but favourable oral health‐related behaviours appeared to link a strong SOC with greater tooth retention. The model was invariant across sexes and age groups.Conclusions:  SOC is associated with tooth retention through oral health‐related behaviours, but contributes little to the relationship between childhood SEP and tooth retention.
Human Acellular Matrix Graft of Tunica Albuginea for Penile Reconstruction
Authors: da Silva Fernando Gomes , Filho Aloísio Moreira , Damião Ronaldo , da Silva Eloísio Alexsandro 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile curvature is one of the most common male conditions, affecting nearly 10% of men, and can impair sexual intercourse. Tunica albuginea (hTA) plays a key role in penile curvature, and reconstructive procedures may be necessary for its substitution. Although several grafts have been proposed for hTA repair, the ideal graft is not yet available.

Aim
The aim of this article is to evaluate a new human tunica albuginea acellular matrix (hTAAM) as potential graft for penile reconstructive procedures.

Methods
Twelve penises were obtained during sex reassignment surgeries from male-to-female transsexual patients. After dissection, hTAs were assigned into two groups according to the decellularization methods: polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 method following ultraviolet-C radiation, and Triton X-100 modified method.

Main Outcome Measures
Structural analyses were assessed by hematoxilin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, Weigert's, and picrosirius-polarization staining methods. Total protein, total glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) concentrations were assessed by specific biochemical analyses. Uniaxial strength tests were performed to evaluate biomechanical properties.

Results
All hTAAMs presented no nuclear or cellular remnants. Total protein concentration was significantly higher in PEG 1000 hTAAM. Despite GAG concentration decreased significantly in hTAAM, Triton X-100 hTAAM retained the highest GAG concentration (1.0 ± 0.42 µg HexUr/mg dry tissue, P &gt; 0.05). All decellularization methods were efficacious to remove nucleic acids. The maximal break point presented no difference between hTA and hTAAM groups (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
PEG 1000 and Triton X-100 decellularization methods provide equally successful hTAAMs, preserving original structural and biochemical properties.
Comparing Effects of a Low-energy Diet and a High-protein Low-fat Diet on Sexual and Endothelial Function, Urinary Tract Symptoms, and Inflammation in Obese Diabetic Men
Authors: Khoo Joan , Piantadosi Cynthia , Duncan Rae , Worthley Stephen G. , Jenkins Alicia , Noakes Manny , Worthley Matthew I. , Lange Kylie , Wittert Gary A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with sexual and endothelial dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and chronic systemic inflammation.

Aim
To determine the effects of diet-induced weight loss and maintenance on sexual and endothelial function, LUTS, and inflammatory markers in obese diabetic men.

Main Outcome Measures
Weight, waist circumference (WC), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score, Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI) score, International Prostate Symptom Scale (IPSS) score, plasma fasting glucose and lipids, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and soluble E-selectin, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were measured at baseline, 8 weeks, and 52 weeks.

Methods
Over 8 weeks, 31 abdominally obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, WC ≥ 102 cm), type 2 diabetic men (mean age 59.7 years) received either a meal replacement-based low-calorie diet (LCD) ∼1,000 kcal/day (N = 19) or low-fat, high-protein, reduced-carbohydrate (HP) diet (N = 12) prescribed to decrease intake by ∼600 kcal/day. Subjects continued on, or were switched to, the HP diet for another 44 weeks.

Results
At 8 weeks, weight and WC decreased by ∼10% and ∼5% with the LCD and HP diet, respectively. Both diets significantly improved plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), SHBG, IIEF-5, SDI and IPSS scores, and endothelial function (increased FMD, reduced soluble E-selectin). Erectile function, sexual desire, and urinary symptoms improved by a similar degree with both diets. CRP and IL-6 decreased with the HP diet. At 52 weeks, reductions in weight, WC, and CRP were maintained. IIEF-5, SDI, and IPSS scores improved further.

Conclusions
Diet-induced weight loss induces rapid improvement of sexual, urinary, and endothelial function in obese diabetic men. A high-protein, carbohydrate-reduced, low-fat diet also reduces systemic inflammation and sustains these beneficial effects to 1 year.
Empowering the primary care provider to optimally manage mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Torrence Carl Bradley , DeCristofaro Claire , Elliott Lydia 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose: This article provides current, evidence‐based information regarding the management of mild traumatic brain injuries for the primary‐care provider.Data sources: Literature review of the evidence‐based literature, including peer‐reviewed articles and reviews of publishedrandomized controlled trials and clinical practice guidelines.Conclusions: There are lessons to learn from the civilian and military care of mild traumatic brain injuries. As acute injury management improves and more patients survive their trauma to live in the chronic‐care community setting, primary care clinicians will be responsible for providing and coordinating total care. A team approach is required to meet the unique clinical and personal challenges these patients face.Implications for practice: These patients are at risk of receiving suboptimal care once released to the community, in part due to an incomplete understanding of the condition by primary care providers. Other difficulties in recommending care for these patients include nonuniform clinical terminology, the lack of a uniform set of diagnostic criteria, and the lack of endorsed professional society guidelines. A clinical practice toolkit is provided to assist the primary care provider to optimize delivery of comprehensive care for this population in the community.
Volatile Trans‐2‐Hexenal, a Soybean Aldehyde, Inhibits Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Corn
Authors: De Lucca A.J. , Carter‐Wientjes C.H. , Boué S. , Bhatnagar D. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  Trans‐2‐hexenal, a volatile aldehyde, is produced by soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr) and other plants via the lipoxygenase pathway. In vitro tests showed it significantly (P < 0.001) reduced Aspergillus flavus germinating conidial viability at 10 μM, with approximately 95% viability reduction observed at 20 μM. The viability of nongerminated conidia was not reduced. To test the effectiveness of this volatile to prevent fungal growth in stored corn, trans‐2‐hexenal was pumped intermittently into glass jars containing corn. Experiments were performed to determine the ability of 2 different pump cycle time‐courses to prevent A. flavus growth on sterile corn (23% moisture). Intermittently (30‐min pumping period) over 7 d, this volatile was pumped through 350 g of corn kernels inoculated with 1 mL of 3 × 104 conidia of A. flavus. Controls consisted of (1) sterile corn, (2) corn inoculated with A. flavus with no pumped air, and (3) corn inoculated with A. flavus with intermittently pumped air. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), viability counts, and aldehyde concentration in the headspace were performed in each experiment. To determine whether an increased time period between volatile pumping would prevent A. flavus growth, a 2nd series of experiments were performed that were similar to the 1st series except that trans‐2‐hexenal (only) was pumped for a 30‐min period every 12 h. Experiments were performed 3 times for each time course. Both experiments showed that intermittent pumping of volatile trans‐2‐hexenal significantly (P < 0.001) prevented A. flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 production over a 7‐d period.Practical Application:  Results from this study indicate that intermittent pumping of volatile trans‐2‐hexenal could be used to protect stored corn from A. flavus growth and aflatoxin contamination.
Prion diseases: risks, characteristics, and infection control considerations in dentistry
Authors: Bali Zarina , Bali Rishi K. , Nagrath Saurabh 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPrion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that are rapidly progressive and fatal, with no definite cure. There are no reported cases of prion disease transmission arising from dental procedures. Nevertheless, there is a theoretical but real risk of transmission of prion disease from dental instruments. A review was made of studies up to 2008 to provide an update of the characteristics, risk of transmission, and the infection‐control implications of prions in the field of dentistry. As the prions are resistant to conventional sterilization methods, highly‐specific, cross‐infection control measures are required when managing patients infected with these.
Two Proteins with Different Functions Are Derived from the
KlHEM13
Gene
Authors: Vizoso Vázquez Ángel , Blanco Moisés , Zaborowska Justyna , Soengas Pilar , González-Siso M. Isabel , Becerra Manuel , Rodríguez-Belmonte Esther , Cerdán M. Esperanza 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

Two proteins that differ at the N terminus (l-
Kl
Cpo and s-
Kl
Cpo) are derived from
KlHEM13
, a single-copy-number gene in the haploid genome of
Kluyveromyces lactis
. Two transcriptional start site (tss) pools are detectable using primer extension, and their selection is heme dependent. One of these tss pools is located 5′ of the first translation initiation codon (TIC) in the open reading frame of
KlHEM13
, while the other is located between the first and second TICs. In terms of functional significance, only s-
Kl
Cpo complements the heme deficiency caused by the
Δhem13
deletion in
K. lactis
. Data obtained from immune detection in subcellular fractions, directed mutagenesis, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, and the functional relevance of
ΔKlhem13
deletion for
KlHEM13
promoter activity suggest that l-
Kl
Cpo regulates
KlHEM13
transcription. A hypothetical model of the evolutionary origins and coexistence of these two proteins in
K. lactis
is discussed.
Implementing surgical services in a rural, resource-limited setting: a study protocol
Authors: Maru Duncan Smith-Rohrberg , Schwarz Ryan , Schwarz Dan , Andrews Jason , Panizales Maria Theresa , Karelas Gregory , Brady Jesse Stark , Rogers Selwyn 
Published: August 2011

IntroductionThere are well-established protocols and procedures for the majority of common surgical diseases, yet surgical services remain largely inaccessible for much of the world's rural poor. Data on the process and outcome of surgical care expansion, however, are very limited, and the roll-out process of rural surgical implementation in particular has never been studied. Here, we propose the first implementation research study to assess the surgical scale-up process in the rural district of Achham, Nepal.Methods and analysisBased primarily on the protocols of the WHO's Integrated Management for Emergency and Essential Surgical Care (IMEESC), this study's threefold implementation strategy will include: (1) the core IMEESC surgical care program, (2) community-based follow-up via health workers, and (3) hospital-based quality improvement programs. The implementation program will employ additional emergency and surgical care protocols developed collaboratively by physicians, nurses and the authors. This strategy will be referred to as IMEESC-Plus. This study will employ both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to collect clinical data and information on the reception and utilisation of services. The first 18 months of the implementation process will be studied and divided into an initial phase (first 6 months) and a consolidation phase (subsequent 12 months).DiscussionThis study aims to describe the logistics of the implementation process of IMEESC-Plus, and assess the quality of the resulting IMEESC-Plus services during the course of the implementation process. Using data generated from this study, larger, multi-site implementation studies can be planned that assess the scale-up of surgical services worldwide in resource-limited areas.
Role of organisational structure in implementation of sedation protocols: a comparison of Canadian and French ICUs
Authors: Dodek Peter , Chanques Gerald , Brown Glen , Norena Monica , Grubisic Maja , Wong Hubert , Jaber Samir 
Published: August 2011

PurposeUse of sedation protocols is associated with fewer mechanical ventilation days in critically ill patients. Canadian intensive care units (ICUs) often have a higher nurse–patient ratio and more specialised training of ICU nurses than French ICUs. Considering these differences, the purpose of this study was to compare implementation of sedation protocols as indicated by frequency of sedation assessment and response to levels of sedation between a Canadian and a French ICU.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of 30 patients who were mechanically ventilated for at least 24 h in each of two tertiary care ICUs in Vancouver, Canada and Montpellier, France. The authors tabulated all Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale scores, frequency of score measurement, target scores, frequency and magnitude of scores that were out of target range, and the response to these scores within 1 h of measurement. Practices between the two hospitals were compared using regression modelling, adjusting for patient age, sex, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score.ResultsAlthough sedation scores were measured more frequently in the Canadian ICU, there were fewer appropriate adjustments in medications in response to scores that were outside the target range in this ICU than in the French ICU, which had a lower nurse–patient ratio and no specialised training of nurses (OR 0.26 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.50) for scores that were higher than target, and OR 0.14 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.28) for scores that were lower than target).ConclusionDifferences in sedation management between these ICUs are likely related to factors other than nurse–patient ratio or specialised training of ICU nurses.
Motor racing, tobacco company sponsorship, barcodes and alibi marketing
Authors: Grant-Braham Bruce , Britton John 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundSponsorship of Formula One (F1) motor racing, which has been used as an indirect medium of tobacco advertising for several decades, was prohibited by the 2005 European Union Tobacco Advertising Directive. Most F1 tobacco sponsorship of motor racing in the EU has since ceased, with the exception of the Scuderia Ferrari team, which continues to be funded by Philip Morris. In 2007, the Marlboro logo on Ferrari cars and other race regalia was replaced by an evolving ‘barcode’ design, which Ferrari later claimed was part of the livery of the car, and not a Marlboro advertisement.ObjectiveTo determine whether the ‘barcode’ graphics used by Ferrari represent ‘alibi’ Marlboro advertising.MethodsAcademic and grey literature, and online tobacco industry document archives, were searched using terms relevant to tobacco marketing and motorsport.ResultsTobacco sponsorship of F1 motor racing began in 1968, and Philip Morris has sponsored F1 teams since 1972. Phillip Morris first used a ‘barcode’ design, comprising red vertical parallel lines below the wordMarlboroon the British Racing Motors F1 car in 1972. Vertical or horizontal ‘barcode’ designs have been used in this way, latterly without the wordMarlboro, ever since. The modern ‘barcode’ logos occupied the same position on cars and drivers' clothing as conventional Marlboro logos in the past. The shared use of red colour by Marlboro and Ferrari is also recognised by Philip Morris as a means of promoting brand association between Marlboro and Ferrari.ConclusionThe Ferrari ‘barcode’ designs are alibi Marlboro logos and hence constitute advertising prohibited by the 2005 EU Tobacco Advertising Directive.
Chapter 13 The Timan–Pechora sedimentary basin: Palaeozoic reef formations and petroleum systems
Authors: Klimenko S. S. , Anischenko L. A. , Antoshkina A. I. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In the Palaeozoic history of the Timan–Pechora sedimentary basin three stages of organic structures are identified: Caradocian–Early Emsian, Middle Frasnian–Tournaisian and Late Visean–Early Permian. The distribution and dimensions of the various organogenic buildups in the Timan–Pechora basin show that Palaeozoic reef formation was regulated by the skeletal reef biota, by the physical and chemical parameters controlling the porostromate calcimicrobes and microbial carbonates, by global eustatic fluctuations of sea-level, and by the tectonic evolution of the Pechora Plate and the Palaeo-Urals Ocean. The development of petroleum systems in the Timan–Pechora Basin is largely controlled by primary (organic substance, its composition, quantity and maturity, continuous sinking of the basin's sedimentary cover) and secondary (stagnation period of sedimentation and the newest tectonic movements) factors. An integrated approach using the geochemical data enabled us to build a reliable model of petroleum genesis for the Timan–Pechora Basin with high probability of evaluating the petroleum potential and the composition of hydrocarbon systems.
Chapter 20 Eurasian orogens and Arctic tectonics: an overview
Authors: Pease V. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This review summarizes our current understanding of the major Eurasian orogens in the context of Arctic tectonics: the Ediacaran Timanides, the middle Palaeozoic Caledonides, the late Palaeozoic Uralides and the Mesozoic fold belts of Taimyr and Verkhoyansk. Controversies and problems are associated with the: (i) regional extent, timing, and nature of deformation associated with Ediacaran Timanian orogenesis; (ii) northward extent of Caledonian deformation; (iii) continuation of Permo-Carboniferous Uralian orogenesis on Novaya Zemlya and understanding this deformation in Taimyr; (iv) timing, location and style of deformation associated with Mesozoic deformation in Taimyr and Verkhoyansk, and its relationship to the opening of the Amerasia Basin; (v) original size of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate (AACM) and the nature of its boundaries, including the timing and amount of extension of the AACM and the location of the South Anyui Suture; and (vi) age and nature of pre-Okhotsk–Chukotka volcano-plutonic belt basement across eastern Russia and western Alaska and its relationship to the development of the Canada Basin/Amerasia Basin. The resolution of these controversies is needed to test hypotheses for the tectonic development of the Amerasia Basin, in particular, and for understanding the tectonic development of the Circum-Arctic as a whole.