bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated medicines management – can routine implementation improve quality?
Authors: Scullin Claire , Hogg Anita , Luo Ruoyin , Scott Michael G. , McElnay James C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Previous service development work in the area of integrated medicines management (IMM) has demonstrated clear quality improvements in a targeted group of patients within a hospital in Northern Ireland. In order to determine whether this programme could be transferable to routine practice and thereby assess its generalizability, research has been carried out to quantify the health care benefits of incorporating the concept of IMM as routine clinical practice.Method  The IMM programme of care was delivered to all eligible patients (subject to inclusion criteria) across two hospital sites in Northern Ireland during normal pharmacy opening hours. All patients were followed up for a period of 12 months from their time of hospital admission. All patient data were collected using the custom‐designed Electronic Pharmacist Intervention Clinical System at each stage of their hospital journey, that is, admission, inpatient stay and discharge.Results  Patients who received the IMM service benefited from a reduced length of hospital stay on their reference admission (1.42 days; P = 0.020) as well as a reduced length of stay during the first rehospitalization (5.86 days; P = 0.013). There was also a trend of a reduced number of readmissions and a longer time to readmission during the 12‐month follow‐up period. Potential significant opportunity cost savings were demonstrated as well as a significant improvement in medication appropriateness (discharge vs. reference admission).Conclusions  The IMM programme of care has proven to be transferable to routine hospital care within two hospitals in Northern Ireland. It is anticipated that this current research will further inform the development of IMM as routine clinical practice across Northern Ireland and beyond.
Technology and everyday functioning in people with intellectual disabilities: a Rasch analysis of the Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire (ETUQ)
Authors: Hällgren M. , Nygård L. , Kottorp A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground As people with intellectual disabilities (ID) today live integrated in society and use different technological artefacts and services in their everyday life, more in‐depth evaluation methods are crucial to detect strengths and limitations of their everyday technology use. The Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire (ETUQ) was originally designed to investigate the extent to which older adults with cognitive limitations can use the everyday technology that is of relevance to them. The purpose of this study was to explore and evaluate evidence of the validity of ETUQ among adult persons with ID.Methods The original 93‐item ETUQ was used to interview 120 adult participants with ID, recruited from a region in northern Sweden. A Rasch model was used to analyse the psychometric properties of the rating scale, scale validity, person response validity and person separation.Results The ETUQ rating scale displayed sound psychometric properties when used with this sample. The goodness‐of‐fit statistics showed that 15 (16%) of the 93 items demonstrated higher values than expected. A step‐by‐step removal process of items not demonstrating fit to the model resulted in an ETUQ version with 46 items (49%) that met all the criteria for scale validity. Fifteen participants (12%), primarily with mild ID, still demonstrated a higher number of unexpected responses included in ETUQ.Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the ETUQ generates a valid measure of perceived difficulty in using everyday technology including adult persons with ID.
The endangered maned sloth Bradypus torquatus of the Brazilian Atlantic forest: a review and update of geographical distribution and habitat preferences
Authors: HIRSCH André , CHIARELLO Adriano Garcia 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
The endemic maned sloth Bradypus torquatus is globally threatened due to deforestation, habitat fragmentation and isolation of populations. Despite increased interest in the species in recent years, information on its geographic distribution is limited and is derived mainly from a few museum species and from a survey based mostly on interviews carried out more than 20 years ago. Information on its habitat and altitudinal preferences is lacking. We therefore compile, update and review all occurrence records of this species using geographical information system (GIS) tools and produce a distribution map for the species.
Our compilation totalled 188 occurrence records, of which 130 (69%) were considered confirmed (museum specimens or individuals captured or seen in the field), most of which (62%) were restricted to the states of Bahia and central‐south Espírito Santo (29%). The species occurs predominantly in ombrophilous forest (80%), from sea level to 1290m, but mainly (79%) below 200m altitude.
We used GIS techniques and the alpha shape algorithm to calculate the extent of occurrence of the species and compared the resulting map with distribution maps available in the literature. We found a great deal of variation in distribution area shape and an almost two‐fold variation in distribution area size among sources.
We confirmed the existence of a main distribution gap between southern Bahia and northern Espírito Santo and discovered a second smaller gap between southern Espírito Santo and northern Rio de Janeiro.
We also confirmed that B. torquatus is sympatric with the common three‐toed sloth Bradypus variegatus in a large part of the Atlantic forest and that the two species are syntopic in at least 11 locations.
Habitat heterogeneity and mammalian predator–prey interactions
Authors: GORINI Lucrezia , LINNELL John D. C. , MAY Roel , PANZACCHI Manuela , BOITANI Luigi , ODDEN Morten , NILSEN Erlend. B. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn predator–prey theory, habitat heterogeneity can affect the relationship between kill rates and prey or predator density through its effect on the predator's ability to search for, encounter, kill and consume its prey. Many studies of predator–prey interactions include the effect of spatial heterogeneity, but these are mostly based on species with restricted mobility or conducted in experimental settings.Here, we aim to identify the patterns through which spatial heterogeneity affects predator–prey dynamics and to review the literature on the effect of spatial heterogeneity on predator–prey interactions in terrestrial mammalian systems, i.e. in freely moving species with high mobility, in non‐experimental settings. We also review current methodologies that allow the study of the predation process within a spatial context.When the functional response includes the effect of spatial heterogeneity, it usually takes the form of predator‐dependent or ratio‐dependent models and has wide applicability.The analysis of the predation process through its different stages may further contribute towards identifying the spatial scale of interest and the specific spatial mechanism affecting predator–prey interactions.Analyzing the predation process based on the functional response theory, but separating the stages of predation and applying a multiscale approach, is likely to increase our insight into how spatial heterogeneity affects predator–prey dynamics. This may increase our ability to forecast the consequences of landscape transformations on predator–prey dynamics.
Social influences on morphine sensitization in adolescent rats
Authors: Hofford Rebecca S. , Schul Destri L. , Wellman Paul J. , Eitan Shoshana 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTGiven that social influences are among the strongest predictors of adolescents' drug use, this study examines the effects of social interactions on morphine sensitization in both adolescent and adult rats. Rats treated with morphine (twice daily, 6 days, 2.5–10 mg/kg, subcutaneously, s.c.) or saline were group‐housed in two different conditions. Thus, four experimental groups were examined for each age group: (1) morphine‐treated rats housed physically and visually separate from saline‐injected rats (‘morphine only’); (2) morphine‐treated rats housed together with saline‐injected rats (‘morphine cage‐mates’); (3) saline‐injected rats housed together with morphine‐treated rats (‘saline cage‐mates’); and (4) saline‐injected rats housed physically and visually separate from morphine‐treated rats (‘saline only’). Starting 9 days following the last morphine injection, rats were individually examined once daily for 5 consecutive days for their locomotor response to 2.5 mg/kg of morphine. For both age groups, there were no significant differences in morphine‐induced hyper‐locomotion between saline cage‐mates and saline only rats. Morphine only rats exhibited morphine locomotor sensitization as compared to both the saline only and saline cage‐mates rats. Notably, a significant difference was observed between the adolescent morphine cage‐mates and morphine only rats. The adolescent morphine cage‐mates did not exhibit the enhanced locomotor response as compared to the saline only and saline cage‐mate rats. A trend of reduced morphine locomotor sensitization was observed in the adult morphine cage‐mates as compared to morphine only but it did not reach statistical significance. Thus, this study demonstrates social influences on morphine sensitization which are more prevalent in adolescents as compared to adults.
YQA14: a novel dopamine D3 receptor antagonist that inhibits cocaine self‐administration in rats and mice, but not in D3 receptor‐knockout mice
Authors: Song Rui , Yang Ri‐Fang , Wu Ning , Su Rui‐Bin , Li Jin , Peng Xiao‐Qing , Li Xia , Gaál József , Xi Zheng‐Xiong , Gardner Eliot L. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe dopamine (DA) D3 receptor is posited to be importantly involved in drug reward and addiction, and D3 receptor antagonists have shown extraordinary promise as potential anti‐addiction pharmacotherapeutic agents in animal models of drug addiction. SB‐277011A is the best characterized D3 receptor antagonist in such models. However, the potential use of SB‐277011A in humans is precluded by pharmacokinetic and toxicity problems. We here report a novel D3 receptor antagonist YQA14 that shows similar pharmacological properties as SB‐277011A. In vitro receptor binding assays suggest that YQA14 has two binding sites on human cloned D3 receptors with Ki‐High (0.68 × 10−4 nM) and Ki‐Low (2.11 nM), and displays > 150‐fold selectivity for D3 over D2 receptors and > 1000‐fold selectivity for D3 over other DA receptors. Systemic administration of YQA14 (6.25–25 mg/kg) or SB‐277011A (12.5–25 mg/kg) significantly and dose‐dependently reduced intravenous cocaine self‐administration under both low fixed‐ratio and progressive‐ratio reinforcement conditions in rats, while failing to alter oral sucrose self‐administration and locomotor activity, suggesting a selective inhibition of drug reward. However, when the drug dose was increased to 50 mg/kg, YQA14 and SB‐277011A significantly inhibited basal and cocaine‐enhanced locomotion in rats. Finally, both D3 antagonists dose‐dependently inhibited intravenous cocaine self‐administration in wild‐type mice, but not in D3 receptor‐knockout mice, suggesting that their action is mediated by D3 receptor blockade. These findings suggest that YQA14 has a similar anti‐addiction profile as SB‐277011A, and deserves further study and development.
No association of candidate genes with cannabis use in a large sample of Australian twin families
Authors: Verweij Karin J. H. , Zietsch Brendan P. , Liu Jimmy Z. , Medland Sarah E. , Lynskey Michael T. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Agrawal Arpana , Montgomery Grant W. , Heath Andrew C. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWhile there is solid evidence that cannabis use is heritable, attempts to identify genetic influences at the molecular level have yielded mixed results. Here, a large twin family sample (n = 7452) was used to test for association between 10 previously reported candidate genes and lifetime frequency of cannabis use using a gene‐based association test. None of the candidate genes reached even nominal significance (P < 0.05). The lack of replication may point to our limited understanding of the neurobiology of cannabis involvement and also to potential publication bias and false‐positive findings in previous studies.
Liver transplantation for hereditary tyrosinemia type I: Analysis of the UNOS database
Authors: Arnon Ronen , Annunziato Rachel , Miloh Tamir , Wasserstein Melissa , Sogawa Hiroshi , Wilson Monique , Suchy Frederick , Kerkar Nanda 
Published: April 2011

Arnon R, Annunziato R, Miloh T, Wasserstein M, Sogawa H, Wilson M, Suchy F, Kerkar N. Liver transplantation for hereditary tyrosinemia type I: Analysis of the UNOS database. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 400–405. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Patients with HT‐1 can develop progressive liver disease and have a high incidence of HCC. LT is indicated in patients with fulminant liver failure, HCC or decompensated chronic liver disease refractory to NTBC. To determine the need for LT and outcomes after LT in children with HT‐1. Children with HT‐1 who had LT between 10/1987 and 5/2008 were identified from the UNOS database. Of 11 467 children in the UNOS database, 125 (1.1%) required LT secondary to HT‐1. Mean age at LT was two and half yr (s.d. ± 3.6 yr). Mean age at LT during the first 10 yr of the study (1.82, s.d. ± 2.86 yr) was significantly lower than in the last decade (3.70, s.d. ± 4.42 yr), p = 0.01. Nearly half of the patients (58, 46.4%) were transplanted between 1988 and 1992. Overall, one‐ and five‐yr patient survival was 90.4% and 90.4%, respectively. LT is a valuable option for children with HT‐1 with fulminant liver failure or when medical treatment fails. The rate of LT for children with HT‐1 has decreased and age at transplant increased over the last decade most probably reflecting the effect of early diagnosis and treatment with NTBC.
Management of refractory hemorrhagic cystitis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children
Authors: Hassan Zuzana 
Published: April 2011

Hassan Z. Management of refractory hemorrhagic cystitis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 348–361. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  HC is a complication associated with HSCT, but occurs rarely in solid organ recipients. The reported incidence varies from <10% to more than 70%. HC is characterized by hemorrhagic inflammation in urinary tract mucosa with symptoms varying from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to frank hematuria with clot formation and urinary tract obstruction. Early onset HC may be explained by toxicity of chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy, while multiple factors including viral infections and their interplay seem to be involved in late onset HC. So far, only incidence of cyclophosphamide‐associated HC has been reduced with preventive treatment. Likely, once HC is established, the treatment principles are similar regardless of the etiology and depend on the intensity of HC. Prevention of urinary tract obstruction, transfusion support, analgesic, and spasmolytic therapy are generally accepted in HC management. Treatment beyond this conservative approach entails higher risk for side effects, and thus treatment escalation proportional to HC intensity is warranted. No standard and evidence‐based treatment escalation algorithm has been widely adopted yet. As severe HC following HSCT is a potentially life‐threatening complication, a multidisciplinary and individual approach is required in children suffering from this devastating complication.
Weissella confusa bacteremia in a liver transplant patient with hepatic artery thrombosis
Authors: Harlan N.P. , Kempker R.R. , Parekh S.M. , Burd E.M. , Kuhar D.T. 
Published: April 2011

N.P. Harlan, R.R. Kempker, S.M. Parekh, E.M. Burd, D.T. Kuhar. Weissella confusa bacteremia in a liver transplant patient with hepatic artery thrombosis Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 290–293. All rights reservedAbstract: A 54‐year‐old man with a history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma presented 2 months after an orthotopic liver transplant with fever and abdominal pain. Two weeks earlier, he had an hepatic artery thrombosis and a biliary stricture, for which an hepatic artery stent and a biliary stent were placed. Laboratory workup was significant for leukocyte count of 7800/mcL with 92% segmented neutrophils, hemoglobin 9.4 g/dL, alanine aminotransferase 98 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 72 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 358 U/L, albumin 2.8 mg/dL, and total bilirubin 1.6 mg/dL. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed multiple small fluid collections in the liver consistent with bilomas, and an hepatic angiogram showed complete occlusion of the common hepatic artery. Two sets of blood cultures were positive for an organism initially identified by MicroScan® analysis as an α‐hemolytic Streptococcus species that was resistant to vancomycin. Further testing confirmed the organism as Weissella confusa 2 days later. W. confusa is a gram‐positive coccobacillus that may be misidentified as a Lactobacillus when cultured. It is commonly found in sewage, carrots, sugar cane, fermented foods, and intestinal flora. Although only 4 cases of clinical infection with W. confusa have been described previously, W. confusa has been isolated from the stool of liver transplant patients, and may be an underreported cause of infection owing to improper identification. As it can cause clinical infection in these immunosuppressed hosts, identification of this organism is paramount because it is vancomycin resistant, and incorrect identification could lead to improper antimicrobial selection and ultimately worsened patient morbidity or mortality.
Community‐acquired carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii urinary tract infection just after marriage in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Solak Y. , Atalay H. , Turkmen K. , Biyik Z. , Genc N. , Yeksan M. 
Published: April 2011

Y. Solak, H. Atalay, K. Turkmen, Z. Biyik, N. Genc, M. Yeksan. Community‐acquired carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii urinary tract infection just after marriage in a renal transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 638–640. All rights reserved
Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in renal transplant recipients and may worsen allograft and patient survival. Many risk factors such as age, female gender, immunosuppression, comorbidity, deceased‐donor kidney transplantation, and uretheral catheterization are involved in development of UTI. Acinetobacter baumannii has rarely been reported as a causative agent for development of UTI. Here, we present an unusual case of a renal transplant recipient who developed community‐acquired carbapenem‐resistent A. baumannii UTI.
Disseminated Burkholderia gladioli infection in a lung transplant recipient with underlying hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis
Authors: Thompson G.R. , Wickes B.L. , Herrera M.L. , Haman T.C. , Lewis J.S. , Jorgensen J.H. 
Published: April 2011

G.R. Thompson III, B.L. Wickes, M.L. Herrera, T.C. Haman, J.S. Lewis II, J.H. Jorgensen. Disseminated Burkholderia gladioli infection in a lung transplant recipient with underlying hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 641–645. All rights reserved
Abstract:
Burkholderia gladioli is difficult to definitively identify within the laboratory using phenotypic testing alone. We describe a case of recurrent B. gladioli infection in a lung transplant recipient with underlying hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome, discuss the difficulties encountered with laboratory identification, provide a review of the methodology required for definitive identification, and discuss potential pathophysiologic mechanisms in this patient responsible for the difficulty in treatment.
Natural hybridization between extremely divergent chromosomal races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus, Soricidae, Soricomorpha): hybrid zone in Siberia
Authors: POLYAKOV A. V. , WHITE T. A. , JONES R. M. , BORODIN P. M. , SEARLE J. B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractChromosomal races of the common shrew differ in sets of metacentric chromosomes and on contact may produce hybrids with extraordinarily complex configurations at meiosis I that are associated with reduced fertility. There is an expectation that these may be some of the most extreme tension zones available for study and therefore are of interest as potential sites for reproductive isolation. Here, we analyse one of these zones, between the Novosibirsk race (characterized by metacentricsgo,hn,ik,jl,mpandqr) and the Tomsk race (metacentricsgk,hi,jlandmnand acrocentricso,p,qandr), which form hybrids with a chain‐of‐nine (CIX) and a chain‐of‐three (CIII) configuration at meiosis I. At the Novosibirsk–Tomsk hybrid zone, the CIX chromosomes form clines of 8.53 km standardized width on average, whereas the cline for the CIII chromosomes was 52.83 km wide. The difference in these cline widths fits with the difference in meiotic errors expected with the CIX and CIII configuration, and we produce estimates of selection against hybrids with these types of configurations, which we relate to dispersal and age of the hybrid zone. The hybrid zone is located at the isocline at 200 m altitude above sea level; this relationship between the races and altitude is suggested at both coarse and fine scales. This indicates adaptive differences between the races that may in turn have been promoted by the chromosome differences. Thus, the extreme chromosomal divergence between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk may be associated with genic differentiation, but it is still striking that, despite the large chromosomal differences, reproductive isolation between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk races has not occurred.
Test‐day somatic cell score, fat‐to‐protein ratio and milk yield as indicator traits for sub‐clinical mastitis in dairy cattle
Authors: Jamrozik J. , Schaeffer L.R. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryTest‐day (TD) records of milk, fat‐to‐protein ratio (F:P) and somatic cell score (SCS) of first‐lactation Canadian Holstein cows were analysed by a three‐trait finite mixture random regression model, with the purpose of revealing hidden structures in the data owing to putative, sub‐clinical mastitis. Different distributions of the data were allowed in 30 intervals of days in milk (DIM), covering the lactation from 5 to 305 days. Bayesian analysis with Gibbs sampling was used for model inferences. Estimated proportion of TD records originated from cows infected with mastitis was 0.66 in DIM from 5 to 15 and averaged 0.2 in the remaining part of lactation. Data from healthy and mastitic cows exhibited markedly different distributions, with respect to both average value and the variance, across all parts of lactation. Heterogeneity of distributions for infected cows was also apparent in different DIM intervals. Cows with mastitis were characterized by smaller milk yield (down to −5 kg) and larger F:P (up to 0.13) and SCS (up to 1.3) compared with healthy contemporaries. Differences in averages between healthy and infected cows for F:P were the most profound at the beginning of lactation, when a dairy cow suffers the strongest energy deficit and is therefore more prone to mammary infection. Residual variances for data from infected cows were substantially larger than for the other mixture components. Fat‐to‐protein ratio had a significant genetic component, with estimates of heritability that were larger or comparable with milk yield, and was not strongly correlated with milk and SCS on both genetic and environmental scales. Daily milk, F:P and SCS are easily available from milk‐recording data for most breeding schemes in dairy cattle. Fat‐to‐protein ratio can potentially be a valuable addition to SCS and milk yield as an indicator trait for selection against mastitis.