bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of referral, management and survival of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in Scotland during 1988 and 1993: results of a national, retrospective population‐based audit
Authors: Howard G.C.W. , Thomson C.S. , Stroner P.L. , Goodman C.M. , Windsor P.M. , Brewster D.H. ,   on behalf of the Scottish Urological Oncology Group and Scottish Cancer Therapy Network
Published: August 2010

Objectives To examine patterns of referral, management and survival of men with prostate cancer, and to document changes over time. Patients and methods All men registered with prostate cancer in 1988 and 1993 were identified from the Scottish Cancer Registry. Data were abstracted according to standard definitions from the available medical records of 930 men in 1988 and 1355 in 1993. Results There was limited evidence of multidisciplinary care, with only 8% of patients in 1988 being managed by both a urologist and a clinical oncologist within a year of diagnosis, increasing to 13% in 1993. Only a small proportion of patients were managed by clinical oncologists during the first year of care (14% in 1988 and 20% in 1993). Documentation of thorough staging information was poor, with a T stage being recorded in <30% of cases in both years. Documentation of metastatic status increased from 53% to 63% between 1988 and 1993, paralleling an increase in the use of bone scans. The proportion of cases with pathological grading obtained at diagnosis increased from 63% in 1988 to 68% by 1993. The use of PSA testing and core biopsies increased between the years while the use of transurethral prostatectomy decreased. More patients received radical radiotherapy within a year of diagnosis in 1993 than 1988, increasing from 6% to 9%, and more radical prostatectomies were also undertaken (0.2% to 2.3%). Nonetheless, most patients (81% in 1993) with no documented evidence of metastases received no active intervention (radical radiotherapy, radical prostatectomy, or ‘watchful waiting’). The survival at 5 years increased nonsignificantly from 34% for the 1988 cohort to 38% for the 1993 cohort. Conclusion This audit reveals considerable inconsistency in the management of men with prostate cancer in Scotland. Against a background of controversy about numerous aspects of the management of this disease, the need for a multidisciplinary approach, comprehensive staging and appropriate documentation is highlighted.
Electroencephalographic Abnormalities during Sleep as Related to the Temporal Distribution of Seizures
Authors: WHITE P. , DYKEN M. , GRANT P. , JACKSON L. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe sleep and awake EEG's of 90 epileptics and 30 normal controls were evaluated. The epileptics were divided into three groups: (1) Nocturnal seizures predominately, (2) Diurnal seizures predominately, (3) Mixed diurnal and nocturnal seizures. Patients with nocturnal seizures showed greater numbers and degrees of abnormalities during sleep EEG's. In patients with diurnal seizures abnormalities appeared about equally in sleep and awake EEG's. The stage of sleep most useful for detecting abnormalities was drowsiness‐light sleep. Depriving the patient of anticonvulsant medication for 24 hours did not increase the chance of abnormalities occurring during sleep recordings. The sleep recordings were conducted on a 16 channel electroencephalograph using bipolar and monopolar recording techniques simultaneously. Except that bipolar recordings seemed to detect foci better, these techniques appeared to be equal in their ability to display abnormalities associated with epilepsy.RÉSUMÉLes E.E.G. enregistrés en sommeil ou en veille chez 90 épileptiques et 30 témoins normaux ont étéétudiés. Les épileptiques avaient été répartis en trois groupes: (1) Crises nocturnes prédominantes, (2) Crises diurnes prédominantes et (3) Crises diurnes et nocturnes mélangées. Les malades ayant des crises nocturnes ont donné dans ľE.E.G. en sommeil des anomalies en chiffres et en dégres plus élevés. Chez les malades souffrant de crises diurnes, les anomalies se sont manifestées à peu prés également dans ľE.E.G. pendant le sommeil et pendant la veille. La phase du sommeil la plus favorable à la détection ďanomalies a été celle ďun sommeil léger. La privation de médicament anticonvulsif infligée au malade pendant 24 heures n'a pas augmenté la chance des anomalies se produisant lors de ľenregistrement pendant le sommeil. Les E.E.G. pris pendant le sommeil ľont été avec électroencéphalographe à 16 canaux faisant un usage simultané de techniques bipolaires et monopolaires ďenregistrement. Exception faite du fait que ľenregistrement bipolaire a semblé mieux révéler les foci, ces techniques se sont montrées de valeur égale dans la détection des anomalies associées àľépilepsie.
Changes of the Dermogalvanic Conductivity following Electroshock Convulsions
Authors: MERDJANOV CH. IV. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe changes of the dermogalvanic conductivity of the palm of the hand were registered after 200 electroshock convulsions in mental patients (2–2.5 min after the convulsion). As a most characteristic phenomenon of this period the skin resistance sharply increased immediately after the convulsion, and subsequently decreased and stabilized itself at a definite level. In a certain percentage of the cases observed there were also undulatory fluctuations of the electrodermal conductivity as well as fluctuations synchronous with the respiratory rhythm. Until the second minute following the convulsion, coughing did not cause any changes whatsoever in the dermogalvanic conductivity. The discontinuation of the blood flow in the hand concerned did not bring about a modification of the changes in the electrodermal conductivity observed after the electroshock convulsion.An attempt at explaining the data obtained comprises a discussion of the significance of the changes in the functional state of the CNS after the convulsion, the sympathetic sections of the vegetative nervous system, the sweat secretion and the myoepithelial cells of the sweat glands.RÉASUMÉAOn a eAtudieA les changements de la conductiviteA dermogalvanique de la reAgion palmaire de la main apreGs 200 convulsions d'eAlectrochoc chez des individus atteints de maladies mentales (2‐2.5 min apreGs la convulsion). Le pheAnomeGne le plus caracteAristique de cette peAriode eAtait l'augmentation rapide de la reAsistance cutaneAe immeAdiatement apreGs la convulsion, cette reAsistance diminuant et se stabilisant plus tard aG un niveau deAfini. Dans un certain pourcentage des observations on a constateA aussi des fluctuations ondulatoires de la conductiviteA eAlectrocutaneAe et des fluctuations paralleGles au rythme respiratoire. Jusqu'aG la deuxieGme minute apreGs la convulsion la toux ne provoquait pas de changements dans la conductiviteA dermogalvanique. L'interruption du courant sanguin dans le bras n'a pas abouti aG une modification des changements constateAs lors des observations preAceAdentes.L'essai d'expliquer les reAsultats obtenus embrasse une discussion du roCle des changements dans l'eAtat fonctionnel du systeGme nerveux central, des sections sympathiques du systeGme nerveux veAgeAtatif, de la seAcreAtion de sueur et des cellules myoeApitheAliales des glandes sudoripares.
Excitability Changes throughout the Neocortex induced by a Localized Spiking Focus
Authors: CRIGHEL E. , DIMOV1 S. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYTopical application of convulsive drugs (mescaline or strychnine) elicited a spiking by direct cortical responses (DCR). The evolution of the spiking focus is accompanied also by generalized excitability changes. The sense and intensity of excitability changes throughout the neocortex depends on the site of topical application of convulsant drugs. A focus in the ectosylvian gyrus induces the most important changes, especially in the homolateral marginal gyrus. A direct pathway between these two is evident.RÉASUMÉATopical application of convulsive drugs (mescaline or strychnine) elicited a spiking focus at the application level. The focus onset is preceded by general excitability changes, appearing from the study of evoked responses to peripheral stimuli (ER) and by direct cortical responses (DCR). The evolution of the spiking focus is accompanied also by generalized excitability changes. The sense and intensity of excitability changes throughout the neocortex depends on the site of topical application of convulsant drugs. A focus in the ectosylvian gyrus induces the most important changes, especially in the homolateral marginal gyrus. A direct pathway between these two is evident.RÉASUMÉAL'application locale de substances convulsivantes (mescaline, strychnine) sur le cortex provoque un foyer de pointes au point d'application. L'apparition de ce foyer et son eAvolution sont preAceAdeAes et accompagneAes par des modifications geAneArales de l'excitabiliteA mises en eAvidence par l'eAtude des reAponses eAvoqueAes par des stimuli peAripheAriques ou une stimulation corticale directe. Le sens et l'intensiteA de toutes ces modifications de l'excitabiliteA geAneArale aG travers le neocortex deApendent du lieu d'application de la substance convulsivante. Un foyer dans le gyrus ectosylvien produit les modifications les plus importantes, principalement dans le gyrus marginal homolateral, ce qui met en eAvidence une voie directe entre ces ceux gyri.
The value of clinical, biochemical, ultrasound and liver biopsy data in assessing patients with liver disease
Authors: Theodossi A. , Spiegelhalter D. , Portmann B. , Eddleston A. L. W. F. , Williams Roger 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT— To determine the value of clinical, biochemical, ultrasound and liver biopsy data in the management of patients with liver disease, eight doctors each assessed 75 case histories. With clinical and biochemical data alone, the predictive accuracy was significantly higher when identifying patients as ‘medical’ rather than ‘surgical’ (97 compared with 79%, p<0.001). However, when making a specific diagnosis as opposed to classifying into medical and surgical categories, clinical and biochemical information resulted in a much lower predictive accuracy for both medical (67%) and surgical (56%) patients. With ultrasound data the predictive accuracy increased to 91% when identifying patients as ‘surgical’; with liver biopsy it increased to 99% when identifying patients as ‘medical’.The value of the different data assessed involves more than an evaluation of diagnostic accuracy, and in this study the relative worth of each test was therefore assessed on a five point scale based on the effect of the information on the doctors. This included a willingness to give specific treatment and make a specific diagnosis, as well as classifying patients into medical and surgical categories and the confidence they felt in their diagnoses. After clinical, biochemical and ultrasound information the doctors were only prepared to give specific treatment to 11.9% of the medical and 9.3% of the surgical patients. After liver biopsy data, however, they were willing to give specific treatment to an additional 66.6% of the medical patients and 25% of the surgical patients. Further evidence of the value of liver biopsy information came from an analysis of the changes in the doctors' confidence in a diagnosis. Thus, 96 patients were assigned a correct specific diagnosis with clinical and biochemical data alone but none were considered as ‘definitive’ by the doctors; when liver biopsy information was provided 59 (61%) were placed in this category.
Hepatocyte‐conditioned medium potentiates insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) 1 and 2 stimulated DNA synthesis of cultured fat storing cells
Authors: Gressner Axel M. , Brenzel Arnfried , Vomeyer Tobias 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT— IGF‐1 and IGF‐2 stimulate dose‐dependently DNA synthesis of nonconfluent cultures of rat fat storing cells, a nonparenchymal type of liver cells pathogenetically involved in the generation of liver fibrosis. Maximum stimulation of [3H] thymidine incorporation of about 2.6‐fold above control was reached with 100 ng/ml IGF‐1 and 500 ng/ml IGF‐2, respectively. The DNA synthesis promoting action of both IGF‐1 and IGF‐2 was most efficiently potentiated by hepatocyte‐conditioned medium raising the stimulatory effect up to 21‐fold above control cultures. Lysate of hepatocytes (up to 15 μg protein/ml) was not effective in potentiating the effect of IGF‐1. IGF‐1 is bound to free carrier protein(s) present in the medium of hepatocytes, but obviously absent in cell lysate. Three molecular weight fractions in the ranges of 67 kd, 35 kd, and 25 kd could be identified in the medium, which potentiate the growth‐promoting effect of IGF‐1. Applying Western ligand blot analysis, three molecular size classes of IGF‐1 binding proteins in the conditioned media of rat hepatocytes were determined. The major binding protein had a Mr of 28–34 kd, a minor portion was localized at Mr 24 kd, whereas trace binding affinities were found at Mr of about 95 kd. It is suggested that IGF‐1, IGF‐2 and the complex array of IGF‐binding proteins secreted by hepatocytes might be involved in the paracrine regulation of growth of fat storing cells.Nonstandard abbreviations: BSA, bovine serum albumin; FCS, fetal calf serum; FSC, fat scoring cells; IGF, insulin‐like growth factor; IGFBP, IGF‐binding protein; Mr, relative molecular weight; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PBS, phosphate‐buffered saline; PCcM, hepatocyte‐conditioned medium; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; SI, stimulation index.
COMPLETENESS AND RELIABILITY OF LUNG CANCER REGISTRATION IN THE SWEDISH CANCER REGISTRY
Authors: Larsson Sture 
Published: August 2010

A study of the efficiency of registration in the Swedish Cancer Registry of primary lung cancer during the period 1959–1965 is presented. The investigation was designed as follows:

analysis of the Registry data with regard to accuracy and basis of diagnosis, and the possibility of over‐registration
checking of a clinical series with respect to completeness in reporting, and
study of the reliability of histological types as recorded in the Registry. The data used for these studies are described.

Over‐registration had occurred in 1.6 per cent due to duplicate registration, inclusion of non‐malignant cases and cases of neoplastic disease other than lung cancer. Errors in registration of sex and residence were insignificant. The causes of the errors are discussed as well as preventive measures. According to the Registry the diagnosis had been based on positive histology in 94.7 per cent and on cytology only in 2.5 per cent. In the final revised series positive histology had been obtained in 96.8 per cent and cytology only in 1.1 per cent. The frequency of microscopical confirmation of the diagnosis was thus very high and yet the completeness in reporting seems to have been very satisfactory. Every patient in the checked sample had been reported, but errors as to site classification had deprived site 162.1 of 3.9 per cent of the patients and 1.5 per cent had incorrectly been recorded in the benign lists. The causes of errors as to site classification and coding of malignancy are discussed. Registration of histological types of primary lung cancer in the Registry seems not to produce the desired results. The recorded histological diagnosis epidermoid carcinoma was correct in 77 per cent of the cases, adenocarcinoma in 79 per cent, and anaplastic carcinoma in only 46 per cent as per re‐classification. The causes of these discrepancies are discussed. When the series was divided into only two histological groups according to Kreyberg consistency with re‐classification was observed in 84 per cent in group I and 86 per cent in group II and this is considered rather satisfactory.
An Analysis of 38 Malignant Fibrous Histiocytomas in The Extremities
Authors: Ekfors T. O. , Rantakokko V. 
Published: August 2010

All the malignant soft tissue tumours in the extremities and limb girdles reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry between 1960–1969 were reviewed. From a total of 246 sarcomas, 38 were diagnosed as malignant fibrous histiocytoma. There was an equal number of male and female patients with the median age of 67 years. The thigh was the most frequent site, and the majority of the tumours originated in the deep soft tissues. The predominant treatment was excision followed by radiation therapy. In 17 patients there were one or more recurrences and in 21 patients there was a metastatic spread ascertained by biopsy, autopsy or clinical or radiographic evidence. There were 11 survivors with a minimum of 5 years' follow‐up;seven patients died of an intercurrent disease and the remaining 20 patients were considered victims of their tumour. The findings that seemed to favour a poor prognosis were higher age and female sex of the patient as well as deep location, large size, necrotic areas, and high mitotic activity of the tumour.
Nonlinear Wave Forces on a Pair of Vertical Cylinders
Authors: Masuda K. , Nagai T. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The present paper is concerned with development of a powerful scheme for calculating nonlinear wave forces on a pair of vertical cylinders with arbitrary cross sections. The Laguerre integration method is applied and its convergence is confirmed in the cases of a single vertical cylinder and a twin circular cylinder. Further, the present method is compared with the method given by Eatock-Taylor and Hung [9], and then the computational times and those properties for a numerical calculation are investigated. The numerical results for maximum wave forces on the vertical cylinders obtained by the present method are compared with the experimental results, so that the usefulness is clarified.
Overexpression of Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division Pump AdeFGH Confers Multidrug Resistance in
Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Coyne Sébastien , Rosenfeld Nicolas , Lambert Thierry , Courvalin Patrice , Périchon Bruno 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a major nosocomial pathogen which frequently develops multidrug resistance by acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes and overexpression of intrinsic efflux systems, such as the RND efflux pumps AdeABC and AdeIJK. A third RND system was characterized by studying spontaneous mutants BM4663 and BM4664, which were selected in the presence of chloramphenicol and norfloxacin, respectively, from the AdeABC- and AdeIJK-defective derivative
A. baumannii
BM4652. They exhibited enhanced resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline-tigecycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and dyes such as ethidium bromide, safranin O, and acridine orange. Comparison of transcriptomes of mutants with that of their parental strain, using a microarray technology, demonstrated the overexpression of three genes that encoded an RND efflux system, named AdeFGH. Inactivation of AdeFGH in BM4664 restored an antibiotic susceptibility profile identical to that of BM4652, indicating that AdeFGH was cryptic in BM4652 and responsible for multidrug resistance in its mutants. RNA analysis demonstrated that the three genes were cotranscribed. The
adeFGH
operon was found in 36 out of 40
A. baumannii
clinical isolates, but none of the 22 isolates tested overexpressed the pump genes. Spontaneous MDR mutant BM4684, overexpressing
adeFGH
, was obtained from clinical isolate BM4587, indicating that
adeFGH
can be overexpressed in a strain harboring
adeABC-adeIJK
. An open reading frame, coding a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, named
adeL
, was located upstream from the
adeFGH
operon and transcribed in the opposite direction. Mutations in
adeL
were found in the three
adeFGH
-overexpressing mutants, suggesting that they were responsible for overexpression of AdeFGH.
The Staphylococcus-Specific Gene
rsr
Represses
agr
and Virulence in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Tamber Sandeep , Reyes Dindo , Donegan Niles P. , Schwartzman Joseph D. , Cheung Ambrose L. , Memmi Guido 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

The expression of virulence factors in
Staphylococcus aureus
is tightly coordinated by a vast network of regulatory molecules. In this report, we characterize a genetic locus unique to staphylococci called
rsr
that has a role in repressing two key virulence regulators,
sarR
and
agr
. Using strain SH1000, we showed that the transcription of virulence effectors, such as
hla
,
sspA
, and
spa
, is altered in an
rsr
mutant in a way consistent with
agr
upregulation. Analysis of RNAIII expression of the
agr
locus in
rsr
and
rsr-sarR
mutants indicated that
rsr
likely contributes to
agr
expression independently of SarR. We also provide evidence using a murine model of
S. aureu
s skin infection that the effects mediated by
rsr
reduce disease progression.
ThefslEHomolog,FTL_0439(fupA/B), Mediates Siderophore-Dependent Iron Uptake inFrancisella tularensisLVS
Authors: Sen Bhaswati , Meeker Alexis , Ramakrishnan Girija 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe Gram-negative pathogenFrancisella tularensissecretes a siderophore to obtain essential iron by a TonB-independent mechanism. ThefslABCDElocus, encoding siderophore-related functions, is conserved among differentFrancisellastrains. In the virulent strain Schu S4,fslEis essential for siderophore utilization and for growth under conditions of iron limitation. In contrast, we found that deletion offslEdid not affect siderophore utilization by the attenuated live vaccine strain (LVS). We found that one of thefslEparalogs encoded in the LVS genome,FTL_0439(fupA/B), was able to partially complement a Schu S4 ΔfslEmutant for siderophore utilization. We generated a deletion offupA/Bin LVS and in the LVS ΔfslEbackground. The ΔfupA/Bmutant showed reduced growth under conditions of iron limitation. It was able to secrete but was unable to utilize siderophore. Mutation of bothfupA/BandfslEresulted in a growth defect of greater severity. The ΔfupA/Bmutants showed a replication defect in J774.1A cells and decreased virulence following intraperitoneal infection in mice. Complementation of the ΔfupA/Bmutation incisrestored the ability to utilize siderophore and concomitantly restored virulence. Our results indicate thatfupA/Bplays a significant role in the siderophore-mediated iron uptake mechanism of LVS whereasfslEappears to play a secondary role. Variation in iron acquisition mechanisms may contribute to virulence differences between the strains.