bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient manganese luminescence induced by Ce3+-Mn2+ energy transfer in rare earth fluoride and phosphate nanocrystals
Authors: Ding Yun , Liang Liang-Bo , Li Min , He Ding-Fei , Xu Liang , Wang Pan , Yu Xue-Feng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractManganese materials with attractive optical properties have been proposed for applications in such areas as photonics, light-emitting diodes, and bioimaging. In this paper, we have demonstrated multicolor Mn2+ luminescence in the visible region by controlling Ce3+-Mn2+ energy transfer in rare earth nanocrystals [NCs]. CeF3 and CePO4 NCs doped with Mn2+ have been prepared and can be well dispersed in aqueous solutions. Under ultraviolet light excitation, both the CeF3:Mn and CePO4:Mn NCs exhibit Mn2+ luminescence, yet their output colors are green and orange, respectively. By optimizing Mn2+ doping concentrations, Mn2+ luminescence quantum efficiency and Ce3+-Mn2+ energy transfer efficiency can respectively reach 14% and 60% in the CeF3:Mn NCs.
Shaping mechanisms of metal specificity in a family of metazoan metallothioneins: evolutionary differentiation of mollusc metallothioneins
Authors: Palacios Òscar , Pagani Ayelen , Pérez-Rafael Sílvia , Egg Margit , Höckner Martina , Brandstätter Anita , Capdevila Mercè , Atrian Sílvia , Dallinger Reinhard 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
The degree of metal binding specificity in metalloproteins such as metallothioneins (MTs) can be crucial for their functional accuracy. Unlike most other animal species, pulmonate molluscs possess homometallic MT isoforms loaded with Cu+ or Cd2+. They have, so far, been obtained as native metal-MT complexes from snail tissues, where they are involved in the metabolism of the metal ion species bound to the respective isoform. However, it has not as yet been discerned if their specific metal occupation is the result of a rigid control of metal availability, or isoform expression programming in the hosting tissues or of structural differences of the respective peptides determining the coordinative options for the different metal ions. In this study, the Roman snail (Helix pomatia) Cu-loaded and Cd-loaded isoforms (HpCuMT and HpCdMT) were used as model molecules in order to elucidate the biochemical and evolutionary mechanisms permitting pulmonate MTs to achieve specificity for their cognate metal ion.

Results
HpCuMT and HpCdMT were recombinantly synthesized in the presence of Cd2+, Zn2+ or Cu2+ and corresponding metal complexes analysed by electrospray mass spectrometry and circular dichroism (CD) and ultra violet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. Both MT isoforms were only able to form unique, homometallic and stable complexes (Cd6-HpCdMT and Cu12-HpCuMT) with their cognate metal ions. Yeast complementation assays demonstrated that the two isoforms assumed metal-specific functions, in agreement with their binding preferences, in heterologous eukaryotic environments. In the snail organism, the functional metal specificity of HpCdMT and HpCuMT was contributed by metal-specific transcription programming and cell-specific expression. Sequence elucidation and phylogenetic analysis of MT isoforms from a number of snail species revealed that they possess an unspecific and two metal-specific MT isoforms, whose metal specificity was achieved exclusively by evolutionary modulation of non-cysteine amino acid positions.

Conclusion
The Roman snail HpCdMT and HpCuMT isoforms can thus be regarded as prototypes of isoform families that evolved genuine metal-specificity within pulmonate molluscs. Diversification into these isoforms may have been initiated by gene duplication, followed by speciation and selection towards opposite needs for protecting copper-dominated metabolic pathways from nonessential cadmium. The mechanisms enabling these proteins to be metal-specific could also be relevant for other metalloproteins.
A genome-wide association study of serum uric acid in African Americans
Authors: Charles Bashira A , Shriner Daniel , Doumatey Ayo , Chen Guanjie , Zhou Jie , Huang Hanxia , Herbert Alan , Gerry Norman P , Christman Michael F , Adeyemo Adebowale , Rotimi Charles N 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundUric acid is the primary byproduct of purine metabolism. Hyperuricemia is associated with body mass index (BMI), sex, and multiple complex diseases including gout, hypertension (HTN), renal disease, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry (EA) have reported associations between serum uric acid levels (SUAL) and specific genomic loci. The purposes of this study were: 1) to replicate major signals reported in EA populations; and 2) to use the weak LD pattern in African ancestry population to better localize (fine-map) reported loci and 3) to explore the identification of novel findings cognizant of the moderate sample size.MethodsAfrican American (AA) participants (n= 1,017) from the Howard University Family Study were included in this study. Genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix®Genome-wide Human SNP Array 6.0. Imputation was performed using MACH and the HapMap reference panels for CEU and YRI. A total of 2,400,542 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed for association with serum uric acid under the additive genetic model with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, glomerular filtration rate, HTN, T2D, and the top two principal components identified in the assessment of admixture and population stratification.ResultsFour variants in the geneSLC2A9achieved genome-wide significance for association with SUAL (p-values ranging from 8.88 × 10-9to 1.38 × 10-9). Fine-mapping of the SLC2A9 signals identified a 263 kb interval of linkage disequilibrium in the HapMap CEU sample. This interval was reduced to 37 kb in our AA and the HapMap YRI samples.ConclusionsThe most strongly associated locus for SUAL in EA populations was also the most strongly associated locus in this AA sample. This finding provides evidence for the role ofSLC2A9in uric acid metabolism across human populations. Additionally, our findings demonstrate the utility of following-up EA populations GWAS signals in African-ancestry populations with weaker linkage disequilibrium.
Diagnostic implications of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and abdominal diseases: a preliminary observational study
Authors: Ramirez Paula , Kot Pedro , Marti Veronica , Gomez Maria Dolores , Martinez Raquel , Saiz Vicente , Catala Francisco , Bonastre Juan , Menendez Rosario 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) because of acute or decompensated chronic abdominal disease and acute respiratory failure need to have the potential infection diagnosed as well as its site (pulmonary or abdominal). For this purpose, we measured soluble triggering receptor expression on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in alveolar and peritoneal fluid.

Methods
Consecutive patients (n = 21) with acute or decompensated chronic abdominal disease and acute respiratory failure were included. sTREM was measured in alveolar (A-sTREM) and peritoneal (P-sTREM) fluids.

Results
An infection was diagnosed in all patients. Nine patients had a lung infection (without abdominal infection), 5 had an abdominal infection (without lung infection) and seven had both infections. A-sTREM was higher in the patients with pneumonia compared to those without pneumonia (1963 ng/ml (1010-3129) vs. 862 ng/ml (333-1011); P 0.019). Patients with abdominal infection had an increase in the P-sTREM compared to patients without abdominal infection (1941 ng/ml (1088-3370) vs. 305 ng/ml (288-459); P < 0.001). A cut-off point of 900 pg/ml of A-sTREM-1 had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 80% (NPV 57%; PPV 93%, AUC 0.775) for the diagnosis of pneumonia. In abdominal infections, a cut-off point for P-sTREM of 900 pg/ml had the best results (sensitivity 92%; specificity 100%; NPV 90%, PPV 100%, AUC = 0.903).

Conclusions
sTREM-1 measured in alveolar and peritoneal fluids is useful in assessing pulmonary and peritoneal infection in critical-state patients-A-sTREM having the capacity to discriminate between a pulmonary and an extra-pulmonary infection in the context of acute respiratory failure.
Clozapinev.chlorpromazine in treatment-naive, first-episode schizophrenia: 9-year outcomes of a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Girgis Ragy R. , Phillips Michael R. , Li Xiaodong , Li Kejin , Jiang Huiping , Wu Chengjing , Duan Naihua , Niu Yajuan , Lieberman Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2011

BackgroundThe differential effects of so-called ‘first- and second-generation’ antipsychotic medications, when given in the first episode, on the long-term outcome of schizophrenia remain to be elucidated.AimsWe compared the 9-year outcomes of individuals initially randomised to clozapine or chlorpromazine.MethodOne-hundred and sixty individuals with treatment-naive, first-episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder in a mental health centre in Beijing, China were randomised to clozapine or chlorpromazine treatment for up to 2 years, followed by up to an additional 7 years of naturalistic treatment. The primary outcome was remission status for individuals in each group.ResultsIndividuals in both groups spent essentially equal amounts of time in each clinical state over the follow-up time period (remission, 78%; intermediate, 8%; relapse, 14%). There were no significant differences on other measures of illness severity. The clozapine group was more likely than the chlorpromazine group to remain on the medication to which they were originally assigned (26%v.10%,P= 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups on other secondary efficacy outcomes.ConclusionsThese findings support the comparability in effectiveness between antipsychotic medications but with slightly greater tolerability of clozapine in the treatment of first-episode psychosis.
Synthesis and Characterization of 3d Metal Complexes Based on 1-(4-Nitrophenyl)imidazole
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Yadav Mahendra , Pandey Daya Shankar 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of complexes with formulations [M(nopi)2Cl2] (M = Co, 1; Ni, 3; Cu, 6; Zn, 9), [M(nopi)6](X)2 (X− = NO3−, M = Co, 2; Ni, 4; Zn, 10; X− = ClO4−, M = Ni, 5; Cu, 8; Zn, 11) and [Cu(nopi)4(NO3)2] (7) imparting 1-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazole (nopi) have been described. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses and spectral (IR, 1H NMR, electronic absorption and emission) studies. Molecular structures of 7 and 9 have been determined crystallographically. Weak interaction studies on 7 and 9 revealed the presence of various interesting motifs resulting from C–H···N, C–H···Cl, and π–π stacking interactions. Temperature-dependent (313–373 K) pressed pellet conductivity and activation energy calculations from the plot of ln σ vs. 1/T suggested semiconducting behavior of 2, 6, and 7.
A B3LYP Study on Repair of Guanyl and 8-Oxoguanyl Radical by Simultaneous Proton- and Electron-Transfer Reaction
Authors: Yamamura Mami , Ichino Tomoya , Yoshioka Yasunori 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The proton transfers in base pairs of guanine (G)/8-oxoguanine (8G), 8G+•–C, PhOH–G(-H)•, PhOH–8G(-H)•, and 8G–G(-H)•, have been theoretically examined in the gas phase at the B3LYP level of theory. For the 8G+•–C base pair, the single proton transfer proceeds from N1(8G+•) to N3(C) with the activation energy of 2.2 kcal mol−1. The repairs of G(-H)• and 8G(-H)• bases to G and 8G have been studied by reaction with phenol, and the repair of G(-H)• base has been also studied for the pair with the 8G base. These three reactions proceed under the PCET mechanism, in which the proton transfers through the σ-path, while the electron transfers through the π-path. For reactions with PhO• and G(-H)•, 8G easily delivers a proton and electron to yield PhOH and G. It is expected that 8G functions to protect other bases and amino acids from oxidation.
Theoretical Insights into the Enantioselectivity and Mechanism of Diels–Alder Reactions Involving Chiral Cationic Oxazaborolidinium Catalyst
Authors: Omar Nasr Y M , Rahman Noorsaadah A , Zain Sharifuddin Md 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The chiral oxazaborolidinium ion catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction between 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone was studied by means of density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Different DFT-based theoretical approaches including the reaction force, the natural population analysis of the charge transfer, the topological analysis of the electron localization function (ELF), and the global and local reactivity indices were applied to investigate and rationalize the mechanism and the endo/exo selectivity of this reaction. The changes in the physical and chemical properties of the reacting molecules along the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) were also monitored to shed light on the mechanistic details. The analysis of the studied Diels–Alder reaction within the framework of DFT revealed and explained the preference of the endo path to the exo channel, and pointed out a concerted but highly asynchronous reaction mechanism.
Synthesis of (−)-Cephalosporolide D Using an Iterative Acetylene–Epoxide Coupling Strategy
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Reddy Teega Rammohan , Ramesh Muddala , Srinivas Chitti , Yadav Jhillu Singh 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The synthesis of an eight-membered lactone, cephalosporolide D is described using an iterative acetylene–epoxide coupling strategy. The terminal triple bond compound prepared in situ from the known epoxy chloride was coupled with (R)-methyloxirane to afford the propargyl alcohol. The selective protection of the propargylic hydroxy group as TBS ether followed by reduction of the triple bond gave the saturated alcohol. Removal of THP group followed by selective oxidation of the primary hydroxy group was achieved using BAIB–TEMPO to furnish the aldehyde, which was converted to the corresponding acid by Pinnick oxidation, followed by Yamaguchi lactonization and finally removal of the TBS group afforded the target molecule. A concise synthesis of (−)-cephalosporolide D is described. The salient features are the utilization of acetylene–epoxide coupling strategy and Yamaguchi lactonization.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis following Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Comparison of Unfractionated Heparin, Enoxaparin, and Fondaparinux
Authors: Foley Christina , Ottinger Joseph G. 
Published: February 2011

Purpose The objective of this study was to retrospectively review the efficacy and safety of unfractionated heparin (UFH), enoxaparin, and fondaparinux for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention following acute ischemic stroke. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of VTE and major bleeding event rates in patients receiving UFH, enoxaparin, or fondaparinux for VTE prophylaxis following ischemic stroke. This review included charts from an 18-month period at all facilities in the Lehigh Valley Health Network. A total of 889 patients were evaluated. Results There was no significant difference between the 3 anticoagulants for the primary outcome of VTE with an incidence of 2.5% (n=9) for UFH, 1.2% (n=3) for enoxaparin, and 0.4% (n=1) for fondaparinux ( P = .065). However, the incidence of major bleeding events was significantly different with an occurrence of 6.2% (n=22) for UFH, 3.2% (n=8) for enoxaparin, and 0.7% (n=2) for fondaparinux ( P = .001). A comparison of the individual agents showed that UFH had a significantly higher rate of major bleeding events when compared to fondaparinux ( P = .003). Conclusions In this study population, UFH was observed to increase the risk of major bleeding events in ischemic stroke patients receiving subsequent VTE prophylaxis. Additionally, the possibility of using fondaparinux for VTE prophylaxis in ischemic stroke patients appears to provide at least comparable safety and efficacy compared to UFH and enoxaparin. However, more studies are needed to determine the ideal anticoagulant and timing of prophylaxis in patients following ischemic stroke.
Fingolimod
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: February 2011

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The February 2011 monograph topics are on denosumab ( Xgeva), eribulin mesylate, tesamorelin, vandetanib, and boceprevir. The DUE/MUE is on acetaminophen intravenous.
Dakin's Solution Accidentally Given Intravenously; Perilous Infection Control Practices with Needles, Syringes, and Vials Suggest Stepped-up Monitoring is Needed; Taxotere Concentration and Preparation; Update on Metal in Drug Patches
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: February 2011

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Short-Term Treadmill Running as a Model for Studying Cell-Free DNA Kinetics In Vivo
Authors: Beiter Thomas , Fragasso Annunziata , Hudemann Jens , Nieß Andreas M , Simon Perikles 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND
Increased plasma concentrations of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) are considered a hallmark of various clinical conditions. Despite intensive research in this field, limited data are available concerning the time course of release and clearance of cf-DNA in vivo.

METHODS
We extracted cf-DNA from plasma samples taken before and immediately after a 10-km cross-country run, and from samples taken before, immediately after, and 30 min after exhaustive short-term treadmill exercise. The contribution of nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The incremental treadmill exercise setup was exploited to delineate the precise sequencing and timing of cf-nDNA, lactate, and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) release during the exercise and recovery phases.

RESULTS
Postexercise plasma cf-nDNA concentrations in cross-country and treadmill runners were significantly increased, by 7.6-fold and 9.9-fold, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). cf-nDNA concentrations were not correlated with age, sex, or body mass index. Plasma concentrations of cf-nDNA and HMGB1 in postexercise samples of treadmill runners were significantly correlated (r = 0.84; P = 0.004). cf-mtDNA concentrations were not affected by treadmill exercise. Time-course analyses demonstrated that cf-nDNA is released within minutes after the onset of exercise and is rapidly cleared from the circulation after the cessation of exercise. Nearly congruent kinetics for cf-nDNA, lactate, and HMGB1 were observed during the exercise phase.

CONCLUSIONS
A single bout of exhaustive short-term treadmill exercise constitutes a versatile model system suitable for addressing basic questions about cf-DNA biology.
On the application of electrochemical techniques for the preparation of 57Co source core, encapsulation and quality evaluation for radiometric assay of nuclear fuel rods
Authors: Dash Ashutosh , Kumar Manoj , Udhayakumar J. , Gandhi S.S. , Satpati A. K. , Nuwad J. , Shukla Rakesh , Pillai C. G. S. , Venkatesh Meera , Venugopal V. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
This paper describes an electrochemical method for the preparation of 57Co source to be used in quality evaluation of nuclear fuel rods. The electrolytic cell, the experimental set up used and the process of deposition are described. The effect of various parameters such as pH of the electrolyte, bath temperature, current density, content of cobalt in the bath, electrolyte volume in the cell and deposition time were investigated and optimized for maximum deposition. The texture and morphology of the electrodeposited samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and EDS analyses. Sources containing ∼370 MBq (10 mCi) 57Co on a circular copper foil of 4 mm diameter could be prepared and encapsulated in an aluminum capsule. Quality assurance tests performed to ensure non-leachability, uniform distribution of activity and stability of the sources gave satisfactory results.
Semi-quantitative and quantitative studies on the gamma radiolysis of C5-BTBP
Authors: Fermvik Anna , Grüner Bohumir , Kvíčalová Magdaléna , Ekberg Christian 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
An industrial liquid–liquid extraction process for reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel will inevitably lead to radiolysis of the phases, since the process streams contain highly radioactive species. Solvents containing one of the BTBP (6,6′-bis(5,6-dialkyl-[1,2,4]-triazin-3-yl)-2,2′-bipyridine) molecules intended for the separation of trivalent actinides (An) from lanthanides (Ln), the so called C5-BTBP, have shown a dramatic decrease in both distribution ratios and An/Ln separation factor when irradiated; hence, the molecule is highly unstable towards radiolysis.
HPLC-, APCI(+)-MS and LC-MS analyses were performed on irradiated solvents containing initially 0.005 M C5-BTBP dissolved in either hexanol or cyclohexanone. The decrease in concentration of starting molecule as well as the increase in concentration of various degradation products were studied with quantitative and semi-quantitative measurements. Structures were suggested for the degradation products produced in highest yields and these were compared to previously proposed structures for the same products.