bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) for people with dementia—who benefits most?
Authors: Aguirre E. , Hoare Z. , Streater A. , Spector A. , Woods B. , Hoe J. , Orrell M. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundThe efficacy of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) has been demonstrated, but little is known about the characteristics of people with dementia, which may predict a more positive response to CST. This study sought to investigate which factors may predict response to CST.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy‐two participants with dementia took part in a 7‐week CST intervention. Assessments were carried out pre‐treatment and post‐treatment. The results were compared with those of a previous comparable CST randomised control trial. A comparison of mean scores pre‐CST and post‐CST groups was undertaken, and contributing factors that predicted change in outcomes were examined.ResultsCST improved cognition and quality of life, and the results showed that the benefits of CST were independent of whether people were taking acetylcholinesteraseinhibitor (AChEI) medication. Increasing age was associated with cognitive benefits, as was female gender. Care home residents improved more than community residents on quality of life, but the community sample seemed to benefit more in relation to behaviour problems.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that CST improves cognition and quality of life for people with dementia including those already on AChEIs. Older age and being female were associated with increased cognitive benefits from the intervention. Consideration should be given to aspects of CST, which may enhance the benefits for people with dementia who are male and those younger than 80 years. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive demands induce selective hippocampal reorganization: Arc expression in a place and response task
Authors: Schmidt Brandy , Satvat Elham , Argraves Melissa , Markus Etan J. , Marrone Diano F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPlace cells in the hippocampus can maintain multiple representations of a single environment and respond to physical and/or trajectory changes by remapping. Within the hippocampus there are anatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral dissociations between the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and within dorsal CA1. Arc expression was used to measure the recruitment of ensembles across different hippocampal subregions in rats trained to utilize two different cognitive strategies while traversing an identical trajectory. This behavioral paradigm allowed for the measurement of remapping in the absence of changes in external cues, trajectory traversed (future/past), running speed, motivation, or different stages of learning. Changes in task demands induced remapping in only some hippocampal regions: reorganization of cell ensembles was observed in dorsal CA1 but not in dorsal CA3. Moreover, a gradient was found in the degree of remapping within dorsal CA1 that corresponds to entorhinal connectivity to this region. Remapping was not seen in the ventral hippocampus: neither ventral CA1 nor CA3 exhibited ensemble changes with different cognitive demands. This contrasts with findings of remapping in both the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus using this task. The results suggest that the dorsal pole of the hippocampus is more sensitive to changes in task demands. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential BDNF signaling in dentate gyrus and perirhinal cortex during consolidation of recognition memory in the rat
Authors: Callaghan Charlotte K. , Kelly Áine M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractConsolidation of long‐term memory is dependent on synthesis of new proteins in the hippocampus and associated cortical regions. The neurotrophin brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is tightly regulated by activity‐dependent cellular processes and is strongly linked with mechanisms underlying learning and memory. BDNF activation of tyrosine receptor kinase (TrkB) stimulates intracellular signaling cascades implicated in plasticity, including the extracellular‐signal related kinase (ERK)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Here, we investigate the role of BDNF, ERK/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling cascade in recognition memory in the rat. We report that recognition memory was associated with increased release of BDNF in the dentate gyrus and perirhinal cortex. This was associated with significant increases in p44ERK activation and c‐fos expression in the dentate gyrus and PI3K activation and c‐fos expression in the perirhinal cortex. Furthermore, both recognition memory and the associated cell signaling events in dentate gyrus and perirhinal cortex were blocked by intraperitoneal injection of the Trk receptor inhibitor tyrphostin AG879. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that BDNF‐stimulated intracellular signaling plays a role in consolidation of recognition memory in the rat. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of the nonlinear storage–discharge relation for hillslopes through 2D numerical modelling
Authors: Ali Melkamu , Fiori Aldo , Bellotti Giorgio 
Published: May 2012

AbstractStorage–discharge curves are widely used in several hydrological applications concerning flow and solute transport in small catchments. This article analyzes the relation Q(S) (where Q is the discharge and S is the saturated storage in the hillslope), as a function of some simple structural parameters. The relation Q(S) is evaluated through two‐dimensional numerical simulations and makes use of dimensionless quantities. The method lies in between simple analytical approaches, like those based on the Boussinesq formulation, and more complex distributed models. After the numerical solution of the dimensionless Richards equation, simple analytical relations for Q(S) are determined in dimensionless form, as a function of a few relevant physical parameters. It was found that the storage–discharge curve can be well approximated by a power law function Q/(LKs) = a(S/(L2(ϕ − θr)))b, where L is the length of the hillslope, Ks the saturated conductivity, ϕ − θr the effective porosity, and a, b two coefficients which mainly depend on the slope. The results confirm the validity of the widely used power law assumption for Q(S). Similar relations can be obtained by performing a standard recession curve analysis. Although simplified, the results obtained in the present work may serve as a preliminary tool for assessing the storage–discharge relation in hillslopes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The SNP rs6441224 influences transcriptional activity and prognostically relevant hypermethylation of RARRES1 in prostate cancer
Authors: Kloth Michael , Goering Wolfgang , Ribarska Teodora , Arsov Christian , Sorensen Karina Dalsgaard , Schulz Wolfgang A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEpigenetic aberrations are frequent in prostate cancer and could be useful for detection and prognostication. However, the underlying mechanisms and the sequence of these changes remain to be fully elucidated. The tumor suppressor gene RARRES1 (TIG1) is frequently hypermethylated in several cancers. Having noted changes in the expression of its paralogous neighbor gene LXN at 3q25.32, we used pyrosequencing to quantify DNA methylation at both genes and determine its relationship with clinicopathological parameters in 86 prostate cancer tissues from radical prostatectomies. Methylation at LXN and RARRES1 was highly correlated. Increasing methylation was associated with worse clinical features, including biochemical recurrence, and decreased expression of both genes. However, expression of three neighboring genes was unaffected. Intriguingly, RARRES1 methylation was influenced by the genotype of the rs6441224 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in its promoter. We found that this SNP is located within an ETS‐family‐response element and that the more strongly methylated allele confers lower activity in reporter assays. Concomitant methylation of RARRES1 and LXN in cancerous tissues was also detected in prostate cancer cell lines and was shown to be associated with repressive histone modifications and transcriptional downregulation. In conclusion, we found that genotype‐associated hypermethylation of the ETS‐family target gene RARRES1 influences methylation at its neighbor gene LXN and could be useful as a prognostic biomarker.
EGFR exon 19 in‐frame deletion and polymorphisms of DNA repair genes in never‐smoking female lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Yang Shi‐Yi , Yang Tsung‐Ying , Li Yao‐Jen , Chen Kun‐Chieh , Liao Kuo‐Meng , Hsu Kuo‐Hsuan , Tsai Chi‐Ren , Chen Chih‐Yi , Hsu Chung‐Ping , Hsia Jiun‐Yi , Chuang Cheng‐Yen , Tsai Ying‐Huang , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Huang Ming‐Shyan , Su Wu‐Chou , Chen Yuh‐Min , Hsiung Chao A. , Shen Chen‐Yang , Chang Gee‐Chen , Yang Pan‐Chyr , Chen Chien‐Jen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe explored potential associations between genetic polymorphisms in genes related to DNA repair and detoxification metabolism and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in a cohort of 410 never‐smoking patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of EGFR mutation status in association with the genotypes of DNA repair and detoxification metabolism genes were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. We found an association between in‐frame deletion in EGFR exon 19 and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800566C/T located in NQO1 (aOR, 2.2 with 95% CI, 1.0–4.8) in female never‐smokers. The SNP rs744154C/G in ERCC4 was also associated with the EGFR exon 19 in‐frame deletion both in never‐smokers (aOR, 1.7 with 95% CI, 1.0–3.0) and female never‐smokers (aOR, 1.9 with 95% CI, 1.0–3.6). Although the association was marginally significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis, the A/A genotype of rs1047840 in EXO1 was associated with a 7.6‐fold increase in the occurrence of the EGFR exon 19 in‐frame deletion in female never‐smokers. Moreover, risk alleles in NQO1, ERCC4 and EXO1 were associated with an increasing aOR of the EGFR exon 19 in‐frame deletion both in never‐smokers (p = 0.007 for trend) and female never‐smokers (p = 0.002 for trend). Our findings suggest that the in‐frame deletion in EGFR exon 19 is associated with polymorphisms in DNA repair and detoxification metabolism genes in never‐smoking lung adenocarcinoma patients, especially in females.
Quantitative analysis of the redox states of cytochromes in a living L929 (NCTC) cell by resonance Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Kakita Minoru , Okuno Masanari , Hamaguchi Hiro‐o 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRaman spectra and images of a living L929 (NCTC) cell have been measured with 532 nm excitation. Both reduced and oxidized forms of cytochromes b and c (cyt b and cyt c) have been observed in situ without any pretreatment. The redox states of cyts b and c have been assessed quantitatively with a spectral analysis. It has been found that reduced cyt c is more abundant than oxidized cyt c, while oxidized cyt b is slightly more abundant than reduced cyt b in a living cell. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dansyl, a fluorescent photoprotecting group for microarray applications
Authors: Heise Christian , Ehrentreich‐Förster Eva , Bier Frank. F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The fluorescence dye 5‐dimethylamino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonyl chloride (Dansyl chloride) is commonly used for labeling the N‐terminus of proteins and peptides. Apart from the fluorescence, the SO2NHbonds formed are susceptible to photolytic cleavage and will subsequently restore free amines. Consequently, Dansyl amides could act as a fluorescent photoprotecting group with novel application in solid phase synthesis or in microarray technologies.RESULTS: Commercial microscope glass slides were silanized with (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, exposed amines were activated with 1,4‐phenylene diisothiocyanate and subsequently reacted with dansylated polyethylene imine (PEI). The resulting fluorescence of the surface was determined and used as a measure of the homogeneity of the introduced functional groups. Using a mask, Dansyl‐PEI modified slides were locally exposed to photolytic cleavage within irradiation energy of 100 J cm−2. Inscribed structures would be easily recognized due to their loss of fluorescence. The restored amines in deprotected areas were reacted with phosphorylated capture oligonucleotides followed by hybridization with complementary Cy5‐labeled targets.CONCLUSIONS: Capture probes immobilized precisely in structures exposed to UV‐light while non‐irradiated areas remained blocked. Such pre‐structured surfaces allow the production of highly reproducible microarrays without any specific problems of spotting imperfections. Gridding and segmentation of the determined sample allocation facilitate spot finding and spot analysis. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Liquefied petroleum gas as solvent medium for the treatment of immobilized inulinases
Authors: Silva Marceli Fernandes , Golunski Simone Maria , Rigo Diane , Mossi Vinícius , Di Luccio Marco , Mazutti Marcio A. , Pergher Sibele B.C. , Oliveira Débora , Oliveira J. Vladimir , Treichel Helen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The main goal of this work is to assess the influence of pressurized liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) treatment on the enzymatic activity of immobilized inulinases. The effects of process variables were evaluated through 23 experimental design.RESULTS: Inulinase from Klyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y‐7571 presented an increase of 163% in residual activity using LPG at 30 bar during 1 h exposure using a depressurization rate of 20 bar min−1. For Aspergillus niger commercial inulinase, an increment of 129% in residual activity was observed at 30 bar for 1 h treatment at the highest depressurization rate (20 bar min−1). Enzymatic activities changed significantly depending on the enzyme source and the experimental treatment conditions investigated, such as exposure time, depressurization rate and pressure.CONCLUSION: Hence, compressed LPG appears to be a promising technique with practical relevance as a preparation step to improve enzyme activity, thus helping the development of new biotransformation processes. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Radiofrequency ablation as a minimally invasive procedure in the treatment of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence in twin pregnancy
Authors: Weichert Alexander , Kalache Karim , Hein Patrick , Brauer Martin , Hinkson Larry , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTwin reversed arterial perfusion sequence is a rare anomaly of monochorionic multiple pregnancies affecting 1 of 35,000 pregnancies and 1% of monochorionic twin pregnancies. In this condition the affected twin has lethal malformations including poor or absent heart development and is reversely perfused by a structurally normal co‐twin. We report a case of a 21‐year‐old woman with a monochorionic twin pregnancy affected by twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence. This case highlights the therapeutic options and the management by radiofrequency ablation, which has been shown to be an easy and reliable technique with a high success rate compared with technically demanding fetoscopic procedures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Post G20: The Challenge of Change, Implementing Evidence‐based Public Order Policing
Authors: Hoggett James , Stott Clifford 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the wake of the 2011 ‘riots’, public order policing tactics in England and Wales have once again been brought into question. Yet, the riots came two years since police regulatory authorities in the UK called for fundamental reforms to the policing of public order. Questions are raised about why the change called for appears to have been so slow and what can be done to assist reform. This paper suggests that developing an evidence‐based policing approach within the field of public order policing to inform police decision‐making would provide the answers. By doing so, the paper addresses some of the possible barriers to implementing evidence‐based policing in public order and calls for police academic partnership to overcome these to make ‘change’ an ongoing reality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of naphthoylindoles acting on cannabinoid receptors based on their fragmentation patterns under ESI‐QTOFMS
Authors: Sekuła Karolina , Zuba Dariusz , Stanaszek Roman 
Published: May 2012

‘Herbal highs’ have been advertised as legal and natural substitutes to cannabis, but a detailed examination of these products has revealed that the herbal matrix is laced with synthetic substances that mimic the effects of marijuana. Producers select the ingredients based on the results of scientific studies on the affinities of different chemicals to cannabinoid receptors. Naphthoylindoles have turned out to be the most popular class of substances identified in the products. Legal actions taken in order to tackle the problem of uncontrolled access to one substance have usually resulted in the marketing of derivatives or analogues.In the study, the mass spectral behavior of twelve synthetic cannabinoids from the naphthoylindole family under electrospray ionization (ESI) was investigated. LC‐QTOFMS experiments were performed in three modes (low fragmentor voltage, high fragmentor voltage with/without collision energy), and they enabled the identification of protonated molecules and main ions. A general fragmentation pattern under this ionization method was proposed, and mechanisms of ion formation were discussed. The developed procedure allowed the determination of substituent groups of the core naphthoylindole structure and distinction between positional isomers. The obtained results were used for the prediction of the ESI‐MS spectra for many naphthoylindoles with a high affinity to cannabinoid receptors. Similarities and differences between ESI‐MS and electron impact‐MS spectra of naphthoylindoles were discussed. The developed identification process was presented on an example of an analysis of an unknown herbal material, in which JWH‐007 was finally identified. Knowledge of the fragmentation mechanisms of naphthoylindoles could also be used by other researchers for identification of unknown substances in this chemical family. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical stretch increases Smad3‐dependent CCN2 expression in inner meniscus cells
Authors: Furumatsu Takayuki , Kanazawa Tomoko , Miyake Yoshiaki , Kubota Satoshi , Takigawa Masaharu , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe intrinsic zone‐specific properties of the menisci are determined by biomechanical environments. In this study, we examined mechanical stretch‐dependent expression of multifunctional growth factor CYR61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) 2, and investigated the role of CCN2 in meniscus cells. Uni‐axial cyclic tensile strain (CTS) was applied using a STB‐140 system. CTS‐induced expression of CCN2 and α1(I) collagen (COL1A1) was assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR analysis. The distribution of CCN2 and Smad2/3 in stretched cells was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. Smad2/3‐dependent CCN2 transactivation was measured by luciferase reporter assay. The relationship between Smad2/3 and CTS‐induced CCN2 transcription was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. CTS stimulated gene expression of CCN2 and COL1A1 in inner meniscus cells, but not in outer meniscus cells. Recombinant CCN2 increased COL1A1 expression only in inner meniscus cells. CCN2 synthesis and nuclear translocalization of phosphorylated Smad2/3 in inner meniscus cells were stimulated by CTS. The CCN2 promoter activity was synergistically enhanced by overexpressed Smad3 in stretched inner meniscus cells, but was not by Smad2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that CTS increased the association between Smad3 and the Smad‐binding element on the CCN2 proximal promoter in inner meniscus cells. Our results suggest that stretch‐induced CCN2 may have a crucial role in regulating COL1A1 expression in the inner meniscus. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1738–1745, 2012
Holocene peatland development and hydrological variability inferred from bog‐pine dendrochronology and peat stratigraphy – a case study from southern Sweden
Authors: Edvardsson Johannes , Linderson Hans , Rundgren Mats , Hammarlund Dan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDendrochronological analysis was applied to subfossil remains of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) buried in a South Swedish peat deposit. In combination with peat stratigraphy, this approach was explored for its potential to provide information on the local hydrological and depositional history at the site, forming the basis for a regional palaeohydrological analysis. A 726‐year ring‐width chronology was developed and assigned an absolute age of 7233–6508 cal a BP (5284–4559 BC) through cross‐dating with German bog‐pine chronologies, whereas two short additional records of older ages were radiocarbon dated. Registration of growth positions of individual trees allowed assessment of the spatial dynamics of the pine population in response to hydrological changes and peatland ontogeny. Annually resolved growth variability patterns in the pine population reveal several establishment and degeneration phases, probably reflecting fluctuations in bog‐surface wetness. A major establishment phase at 7200–6900 cal a BP reflects the onset of a period of lowered groundwater level, also indicated by increased peat humification, and a development consistent with regional temperature and lake level reconstructions revealed from other proxies. This study demonstrates that subfossil bog‐pine populations may provide annually to decadally resolved reconstructions of local groundwater variability, which are highly relevant in a long‐term palaeoclimatic context. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite analysis of black duck breeding population surveys in eastern North America
Authors: Zimmerman Guthrie S. , Sauer John R. , Link William A. , Otto Mark 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWaterfowl are monitored in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States with 2 surveys: a transect survey from fixed‐wing aircraft and a plot survey conducted from helicopters. The surveys vary in extent, but overlap exists in a core area of 9 strata covering portions of all provinces from Ontario east to Newfoundland. We estimated population change for American black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) from these surveys using a log‐linear hierarchical model that accommodates differences in sample design and visibility associated with these survey methods. Using a combined analysis of the surveys based on total indicated birds, we estimate the American black duck population to be 901,700 (95% CI: 715,200–1,274,000) in 2011, with 526,900 (95% CI: 357,500–852,300) mallards in the surveyed area. Precision of estimates varies widely by species and region, with transect surveys providing less precise results than plot surveys for black ducks in areas of overlap. The combined survey analysis for black ducks in the eastern survey region produced estimates with an average yearly coefficient of variation (CV) of 12.1% for the entire area and an average CV of 6.9% in the plot survey area. Mallards, which had a more limited distribution in the region, had an average yearly CV of 22.1% over the entire region, and an average CV of 27.7% in the plot survey area. Hierarchical models provide a rich framework for analyzing and combining results from complex survey designs, providing useful spatial and temporal information on population size and change in these economically important species. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.