bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature and equivalent temperature over the United States (1979–2005)
Authors: Fall Souleymane , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Niyogi Dev , Pielke Roger A. , Rochon Gilbert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTemperature (T) and equivalent temperature (TE) trends over the United States from 1979 to 2005 and their correlation to land cover types are investigated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction North American Regional Reanalysis data, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) land use/cover classification, the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 1992–2001 Retrofit Land Cover Change and the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from AVHRR. Even though most of the magnitude of TE is explained by T, the moisture component induces larger trends and variability of TE relative to T. The contrast between pronounced temporal and spatial differences between T and TE at the near‐surface level (2 m) and minor‐to‐no differences at 300–200 mb is a consistent pattern. This study therefore demonstrates that in addition to temperature, atmospheric heat content may help to quantify the differences between surface and tropospheric heating trends, and hence the impact of land cover types on the surface temperature changes. Correlations of T and TE with NDVI reveal that TE shows a stronger relationship to vegetation cover than T, especially during the growing season, with values that are significantly different and of opposite signs (−0.31 for T vs NDVI; 0.49 for TE vs NDVI). Our results suggest that land cover types influence both moisture availability and temperature in the lower atmosphere and that TE is larger in areas with higher physical evaporation and transpiration rates. As a result, TE can be used as an additional metric for analysing near‐surface heating trends with respect to land cover types. Moreover, TE can be tested as a complementary variable for assessing the impact of land surface and boundary layer processes in re‐analysis and weather/climate model studies. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Influence of bone density on the cement fixation of femoral hip resurfacing components
Authors: Bitsch Rudi G. , Jäger Sebastian , Lürssen Marcus , Loidolt Travis , Schmalzried Thomas P. , Clarius Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn clinical outcome studies, small component sizes, female gender, femoral shape, focal bone defects, bad bone quality, and biomechanics have been associated with failures of resurfacing arthroplasties. We used a well‐established experimental setup and human bone specimens to analyze the effects of bone density on cement fixation of femoral hip resurfacing components. Thirty‐one fresh frozen femora were prepared for resurfacing using the original instruments. ASR™ resurfacing prostheses were implanted after dual‐energy X‐ray densitometer scans. Real‐time measurements of pressure and temperature during implantation, analyses of cement penetration, and measurements of micro motions under torque application were performed. The associations of bone density and measurement data were examined calculating regression lines and multiple correlation coefficients; acceptability was tested with ANOVA. We found significant relations between bone density and micro motion, cement penetration, cement mantle thickness, cement pressure, and interface temperature. Mean bone density of the femora was 0.82 ± 0.13 g/cm2, t‐score was −0.7 ± 1.0, and mean micro motion between bone and femoral resurfacing component was 17.5 ± 9.1 µm/Nm. The regression line between bone density and micro motion was equal to −56.7 ×  bone density + 63.8, R = 0.815 (p < 0.001). Bone density scans are most helpful for patient selection in hip resurfacing, and a better bone quality leads to higher initial component stability. A sophisticated cementing technique is recommended to avoid vigorous impaction and incomplete seating, since increasing bone density also results in higher cement pressures, lower cement penetration, lower interface temperatures, and thicker cement mantles. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:986–991, 2010
Determination of thermodynamic parameters in reversed phase chromatography for polyethylene glycols and their methyl ethers in different mobile phases
Authors: Nguyen Viet Cuong , Trathnigg Bernd 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe thermodynamic parameters (entropy and enthalpy change) and their increment per repeat unit have been determined in RP chromatography of PEG and its mono‐ and dimethyl ethers in different mobile phases. The different approaches for their determination and the problems related to the characteristic volumes (void volume, interstitial volume, pore volume) of the column are discussed. Very different dependences or the thermodynamic parameters were observed in aqueous mobile phases containing ACN, acetone, or methanol as organic modifier. In the first two mobile phases a linear dependence on the number of repeat units n is found, and the additional entropy and enthalpy changes per repeat unit are positive. In methanol–water, the enthalpy change is negative with a non‐linear dependence on n, and the entropy change is independent on n and close to zero. The contribution of the end groups is almost the same in the first two mobile phases, but much smaller in methanol–water.
A web‐based method for rating facial attractiveness
Authors: Devcic Zlatko , Karimi Koohyar , Popenko Natalie , Wong Brian J.F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine if facial attractiveness scores from a novel Internet‐based facial attractiveness rating method correlate with those from the traditional focus group rating method, and whether this method can be an alternative for rating and evaluating facial attractiveness.Study Design:Basic research study.Methods:Eighty facial portraits were posted on a commercial Internet‐based facial rating website to obtain facial attractiveness scores. These scores were correlated and compared with traditional focus group scores.Results:In 21 days an average sample size of 857 raters were recruited and the attractiveness scores reached a stable mean on the Web. There was a strong correlation (0.90) and attractiveness score quartile match between the Internet‐based and traditional focus group scores, with the most attractive and unattractive faces having the highest correlation and quartile match. The inter‐rater variability of the Internet‐based method was low (P = .82).Conclusions:The Internet‐based method can be an effective alternative to the traditional live focus group method of evaluating facial attractiveness. It also has five main advantages: 1) profoundly increases rater count; 2) increases rate of data accrual and analysis; 3) results are reproducible; 4) eliminates logistical and monetary obstacles; and 5) enables the experimenter to sweep broad demographics, acquire background data from raters, and locate raters with specific expertise. Laryngoscope, 2010
Effect of neural‐induced mesenchymal stem cells and platelet‐rich plasma on facial nerve regeneration in an acute nerve injury model
Authors: Cho Hyong‐Ho , Jang Sujeong , Lee Sang‐Chul , Jeong Han‐Seong , Park Jong‐Seong , Han Jae‐Young , Lee Kyung‐Hwa , Cho Yong‐Bum 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and neural‐induced human mesenchymal stem cells (nMSCs) on axonal regeneration from a facial nerve axotomy injury in a guinea pig model.Study Design:Prospective, controlled animal study.Methods:Experiments involved the transection and repair of the facial nerve in 24 albino guinea pigs. Four groups were created based on the method of repair: suture only (group I, control group); PRP with suture (group II); nMSCs with suture (group III); and PRP and nMSCs with suture (group IV). Each method of repair was applied immediately after nerve transection. The outcomes measured were: 1) functional outcome measurement (vibrissae and eyelid closure movements); 2) electrophysiologic evaluation; 3) neurotrophic factors assay; and 4) histologic evaluation.Results:With respect to the functional outcome measurement, the functional outcomes improved after transection and reanastomosis in all groups. The control group was the slowest to demonstrate recovery of movement after transection and reanastomosis. The other three groups (groups II, III, and IV) had significant improvement in function compared to the control group 4 weeks after surgery (P < .05). On the electrophysiologic evaluation, there was significantly better performances in groups II, III, and IV when compared to group I with respect to the amplitude and excitation area of the compound motor action potentials (MAPs) 4 and 6 weeks after surgery (P < .05); group IV had the best performance. A Western blot assay showed that group II had marked expression of several neurotrophic factors. Groups II, III, and IV demonstrated better results in axon counts and myelin thickness when compared with group I. Based on quantitative histology analysis, group IV had the greatest myelinated axon fibers compared to the other groups (P < .05).Conclusions:The use of PRP and/or nMSCs promotes facial nerve regeneration in an animal model of facial nerve axotomy. The use of nMSCs showed no benefit over the use of PRP in facial nerve regeneration, but the combined use of PRP and nMSCs showed a greater beneficial effect than use of either alone. This study provides evidence for the potential clinical application of PRP and nMSCs in peripheral nerve regeneration of an acute nerve injury. Laryngoscope, 2010
New Composite Elastomers with Giant Magnetic Response
Authors: Chertovich A. V. , Stepanov G. V. , Kramarenko E. Yu. , Khokhlov A. R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNovel magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) based on a highly elastic silicone rubber filled with carbonyl iron magnetic particles of 3–5 and 3–50 µm are synthesized. The effect of an external homogeneous magnetic field on the viscoelastic properties of these materials is studied by dynamic experiments (shear oscillations on a rheometer). It is shown that the magnetic response of the MRE increases with a decrease of the strain. At 1% deformation both the storage and loss moduli of the new MRE demonstrate a giant response to the magnetic field, namely, an increase of more than two orders of magnitude in both moduli in a field of 300 mT is observed. In addition, these new MREs show a twofold increase of the damping ratio, which is important for their application as tunable vibration absorbers.magnified image
Synthesis of Organosilica Films Through Consecutive Sol/Gel Process and Cationic Photopolymerization
Authors: Versace Davy‐Louis , Chemtob Abraham , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline , Rigolet Séverinne 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe cationic photopolymerization of epoxy polysilsesquioxane resins synthesized through a acid‐catalyzed sol/gel process is studied. To elucidate the effect of the organic substituent on sol/gel reaction kinetics, two organotrimethoxysilanes with different organic groups were employed. Effects of UV irradiation on the microstructure of the epoxy‐functional polysilsesquioxanes were also studied. 29Si solid‐state MAS NMR proved that UV‐generated Brönsted acids favored a work‐up of the silicate network by promoting new sol/gel condensation reactions. There was a significant slowdown of epoxy conversion rates with increasing sol aging, which may be due to a competition between an active chain end and an activated monomer mechanism for the epoxy cationic polymerization.magnified image
H–Si Functionalized Silicon Surfaces and Powders as Photoinitiators of Polymerization
Authors: Souane Rachid , Lalevée Jacques , Allonas Xavier , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNowadays, silicon represents the most important material used for microelectronic applications. In this paper, both H–Si (111) surfaces and H–Si powders are used to initiate a multifunctional acrylate photopolymerization. The polymers formed are characterized by IR spectroscopy. This should be the way to create either an acrylate polymer coating on a Si wafer or a polymer film containing covalently linked silicon particles.magnified image
Modeling of Sequence Length and Distribution for the NM‐CRP of Styrene and 4‐Methylstyrene in Batch and Semi‐Batch Reactors
Authors: Ye Yuesheng , Schork F. Joseph 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA chain model and a sequence model were developed to describe chain and sequence properties for the NM‐CRP of styrene and 4‐methylstyrene in both batch and semi‐batch reactors. The capability of a sequence model to model sequence length and distributions in the course of different processes is demonstrated. The model can also be applied to a Con‐FRP process. Simulation shows a good agreement with experimental data reported in literature. Simulation results indicate that the sequence properties of copolymers prepared by a Con‐FRP process and by an NM‐CRP process can be very similar, but the chain properties are far different. The sequence model can serve as a theoretical tool to understand the importance of sequence length and distributions in radical copolymerization processes.magnified image
Measuring sensory nerve action potential electrical power
Authors: Roberts Niles M. , Wertsch Jacqueline J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes are frequently examined for evidence of axonal loss. Because digital nerves have parallel fibers, and parallel voltages do not add, SNAP amplitude may not accurately reflect axonal loss. In contrast, electrical power can be measured for digital nerves, and is additive. In this study we explore the ability of SNAP electrical power (SELP) to discriminate the increased number of axons in fingers with two median digital nerves versus fingers with only one median digital nerve. Antidromic SNAP amplitudes and SELPs were obtained for 15 fingers. Seventeen external resistors, Rext, were sequentially connected from electrode to ground for SELP determination. The resulting bell‐shaped power vs. Rext plot was regressed to the power transfer equation, which has a peak that defines SELP. SELPs of two‐digital‐nerve (median) fingers were 360–670 femtowatts (mean 525 fW). For one‐digital‐nerve fingers, SELP was 90–230 fW (mean 190 fW). Evaluation of one‐ vs. two‐median‐digital‐nerve statistics showed the SNAP amplitude difference‐of‐means to be insignificant, whereas the SELP difference‐of‐means was 3.3 SD (P < 0.01). Using a criterion of 2 SDs, SNAP amplitude did not discriminate any one‐median‐digital‐nerve fingers, whereas SELP discriminated all with no false positives. Because parallel voltages do not add, SNAP amplitudes may not reflect axonal loss. In contrast, electrical power is additive. We describe the SELP technique and demonstrate its ability to discriminate different numbers of axons as reflected by one digital nerve vs. two digital nerves. Muscle Nerve 41: 318–323, 2010
Immunisation practices of paediatric oncology and shared care oncology consultants: A United Kingdom survey
Authors: Bate Jessica , Patel Soonie R. , Chisholm Julia , Heath Paul T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundIn March 2002, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) introduced guidelines for re‐immunisation of children after completion of standard‐dose chemotherapy and after haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).AimsTo ascertain whether these guidelines form standard unit policy by undertaking a survey of UK paediatric principal treatment centre (PTC) consultants and shared care (SC) consultants.ProceduresIn October 2008, a link to an on‐line anonymised survey was sent by e‐mail to all UK PTC consultants in Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG) centres and to SC consultants linked to eight of these centres.ResultsResponses were received from 55 PTC consultants (representing all 21 CCLG centres) and 54 SC consultants. In accordance with the RCPCH guidelines, most PTC and SC consultants recommend initiating re‐immunisation at 6 months after completion of standard‐dose chemotherapy (99/105, 94.3%). Re‐immunisation at the recommended time after HSCT for each transplant type was reported by 93–100% of respondents. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was recommended after chemotherapy by 58.3% (35/60) of respondents and by 51.7% (30/58) after HSCT. There were distinct differences between PTC and SC consultants in their choice of varicella (VZV) post‐exposure prophylaxis.ConclusionsThere is a high level of stated compliance with RCPCH guidelines. Recommendations for PCV after chemotherapy and HSCT were lower than expected. This may reflect the absence of specific guidelines after chemotherapy but not in HSCT patients where guidelines do exist. Variation in VZV post‐exposure prophylaxis suggests further studies are required. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:941–946 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Groshong catheter‐related complications in children with cancer
Authors: Ruggiero Antonio , Barone Giuseppe , Margani Gabriella , Nanni Lorenzo , Pittiruti Mauro , Riccardi Riccardo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cancer undergo intensive treatments requiring reliable vascular access. Central venous catheters (CVCs) reduce discomfort due to venipuncture and the risks of extravasations from chemotherapy administration. The aim of our retrospective study was to assess safety and complications of Groshong devices in children with cancer.Patients and MethodsOne hundred ninety Groshong CVCs were placed in 166 children over a 5‐year period. Early complications, and infectious and mechanical events were collected.ResultsThe mean period of permanence of the CVCs was 330 days per patient (range 7–1,037). Of the febrile episodes, 36 (34.6%) were CVC‐related, with an incidence rate of 0.56 per 1,000 CVC days. Severe neutropenia conditions most of all complicated CVC‐related infectious events (94.4%) and Gram‐negative bacteria were those most often isolated (55%). Twenty CVCs were affected by mechanical or thrombotic complications, with an incidence of 0.33 episodes per 1,000 CVC days. Mechanical complications led to CVC removal in 6 (3.1%) cases, while CVC‐related infective episodes were responsible for 10 (5.2%) CVC removals.ConclusionsThe long in situ duration of this device allowed it to be safely employed from the beginning to the end of the treatment period in most children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:947–951 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orbital sarcoma with metastases at diagnosis: A report from the soft tissue sarcoma committee of the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Huh Winston W. , Anderson James R. , Rodeberg David , Teot Lisa , Yock Torunn , Raney R. Beverly 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe reviewed clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes in seven patients diagnosed with Stage 4/Group IV orbital sarcoma and treated on IRSG protocols I–III. Three patients had embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and two patients each had alveolar RMS or unclassified sarcoma. Median age at diagnosis was 1.8 years (range 0.2–6.9 years). All patients had bone marrow involvement, including six with normal complete blood count at diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal in six patients. Three patients survived >5 years, including one with local recurrence. In conclusion, further study is needed to determine necessity of bone marrow and CSF examination in orbital sarcoma patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:1045–1047 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A composite pheochromocytoma/ganglioneuroblastoma of the adrenal gland
Authors: Thiel Elizabeth Lee , Trost Beth A. , Tower Richard L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA 9‐year‐old female presented with a large abdominal mass. At surgery, the mass was noted to arise from the right adrenal gland. As the mass was manipulated, the patient developed severe hypertension. The final diagnosis was a cystic composite‐pheochromocytoma/ganglioneuroblastoma. This compound adrenal tumor is only the fourth case reported in a child. Because composite pheochromocytomas are rare in the pediatric population, the management, optimal surveillance schedule and outcomes have not been characterized. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:1032–1034 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of different types of peroxides on properties of vulcanized EPDM + PP blends
Authors: Brostow Witold , Datashvili Tea , Hackenberg Ken P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMechanical and tribological behavior of several dynamic vulcanizate blends of polypropylene (PP) with ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM) was examined and compared with those of uncrosslinked blends. Vulcanization was performed using two types of organic peroxides combined with (meth)acrylate coagent. The effect of different types and concentrations of peroxides as crosslinking agents on the properties of the resulting materials were investigated. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) provides higher reactivity and exhibits nearly the same crosslinking efficiency for both 60/40 and 50/50 blends; almost fully crosslinked samples are obtained if the compound contains 1.0 or 2.0 wt% DCP. These results correlate to the gel content and mechanical properties of our materials. Variation of PP + elastomer ratio does not have a significant influence on friction. From 60/40 group of composites, lower friction values were obtained for samples cured with 0.5 wt% benzoyl peroxide (BP) and 1.0 wt% DCP. The tribological properties of the samples with higher amount of DCP show rubbery rather than a toughened thermoplastic behavior. Wear of the composites decreases with the increasing concentration of the curing agent. Compared to BP, the samples cured with DCP display lower wear. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1678–1691, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Use of Turkish huntite/hydromagnesite mineral in plastic materials as a flame retardant
Authors: Atay Hüsnügül Yılmaz , Çelik Erdal 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this study, the flame retardancy properties of huntite/hydromagnesite mineral in plastic compounds were investigated for potential electrical applications. Before the production of composite materials, huntite/hydromagnesite minerals were ground to particle sizes of 10, 1, and 0.1 μm. Phase and microstructural analysis of huntite/hydromagnesite mineral powders were undertaken using XRD and SEM‐EDS preceding the fabrication of the composite materials. The ground minerals with different particle size and content levels were subsequently added to ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer to produce composite materials. After fabrication of huntite/hydromagnesite reinforced plastic composite samples, they were characterized using DTA‐TG, FTIR, and SEM‐EDS. Flame retardancy tests were undertaken as a main objective of this research. The size distribution and the mineral content effects are measured regarding the flame retardancy of the polymer composites It was concluded that the flame retardant properties of plastic composites were improved as the mineral content increased and the size was reduced. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1692–1700, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Polymer‐induced improvements in ferroelectric liquid crystal
Authors: Manohar Rajiv , Misra Abhishek Kumar , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe chevron geometry in the SmC* phase of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) has been a major obstacle in the use of FLC in displays as it results in poor electro‐optical performance. The present paper reports a novel method to overcome this problem, by doping a small amount of polymer in the FLC matrix. In addition to the improvement in smectic ordering, polymer doping is also found to be useful in improving the vital electro‐optical properties. The various electro‐optical parameters like switching time, tilt angle, contrast ratio etc. show improvement in polymer mixed guest host mixture of FLC samples. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1776–1781, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.