bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmabehandlung von Glasfasergelege
Authors: Ermel V. , Kurrat M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGlasfasergelege wurden an einer DBD‐Messeranordnung in Luft bei Atmosphärendruck behandelt. Die Entladungen entwickeln sich im Mikrohohlraum eines Rovings im ns‐Bereich als kalte Plasmawellen, deren Elektronendichte auf 1013cm‐3 steigt. Mit der CCD‐Kamera aufgenommene Lichterscheinungen der Barrierenentladungen verteilen sich stochastisch entlang der Messerelektrode anhand der Zusammensetzung des äußeren Feldes und der lokalen Felder der aufgeladenen Barrierenoberflächen. Die in einem Plasmabereich entstehenden Barrierenentladungen gewährleisten eine gleichmäßige Behandlung der Festkörperoberfläche. Die Benetzbarkeit der plasmabehandelten Glasfasergelege wurde nach dem dynamischen Kapillarkrafttest optisch erfasst. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der in den Hohlraum eindringenden Testflüssigkeit entspricht den berechneten Verläufen für die Steighöhe der Kapillarsäule bei dem Kontaktwinkel von 70°. Die optische Aufnahme einer in Testflüssigkeit untergetauchten einzelnen Glasfaser liefert kongruente Werte. Der Doppeltauch‐Kapillartest bietet ein einfaches Meßverfahren zur vergleichenden Bewertung des Behandlungsgrades. Eine Plasmabehandlung mit der Energieeinspeisung von 100 J/cm2 verbessert die Steighöhe der Kapillarsäule um 30‐60%.
Nanostrukturierte Oberflächen Optimierung der Langzeitbeständigkeit struktureller Aluminiumklebungen
Authors: Emrich Stefan , Kopnarski Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAluminiumknetlegierungen werden beispielsweise im Rahmen von Leichtbaukonzepten aufgrund ihres günstigen Festigkeits‐Gewichts‐Verhältnisses, aber auch wegen ihrer Korrosionsbeständigkeit und guter Umformbarkeit eingesetzt. Die Klebtechnik stellt in diesem Zusammenhang &&num;x0096; wie aus der Luftfahrt‐ und Automobilindustrie hinlänglich bekannt &&num;x0096; ein ebenso adäquates wie innovatives Fügeverfahren dar.
Abnormal tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in isovaleric acidaemia
Authors: Loots D. T. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryBackgroundAlthough a number of abnormal diagnostic metabolites have previously been described in the urine of patients with isovaleric acidaemia (IVA), they do not fully explain the clinical symptoms associated with this disease.MethodsOn the basis of our current understanding of the TCA cycle and IVA, we predicted a number of abnormal methylated TCA cycle metabolites, initiated by methylsuccinic acid. We subsequently obtained characteristic gas chromatography–mass spectrometry elution times and mass spectra of the chemically synthesized predicted compounds and screened the urine of 6 IVA patients and 24 age‐matched controls. Further proof for our findings was generated from a series of in vitro enzyme reactions using the chemically synthesized standards as substrates to their respective TCA cycle enzymes.ResultsApart from the previously described methylsuccinic and methylfumaric acid, 3‐methylmalic acid, (2R,3S)‐ and (2R,3R)‐methylcitric acid and 2‐methyl‐cis‐aconitic acid were detected in the urine of all 6 IVA patients in increased amounts. Additionally, although not directly determined, the in vitro enzyme reaction using of 3‐methylmalic acid and malate dehydrogenase, in conjunction with the detection of 2‐ketobutyric acid in the urine of all 6 IVA patients, strongly suggests an additional synthesis of 3‐methyloxaloacetic acid by the same cycle.ConclusionNot only do these newly identified metabolites serve as additional diagnostic markers to those previously identified in IVA, but due to the structural arrangements of the (2R,3R)‐methylcitric acid and 2‐methyl‐cis‐aconitinic acid‐derived 2‐methylisocitric acid, inhibition of normal TCA cycle metabolism results at citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, respectively.SynopsisMethylsuccinic acid acts as the initiating substrate to a series of abnormal, potentially harmful, methylated tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in isovaleric acidaemia.
Growth and size-structure of Stegophiura sp. (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) on the continental slope off central Chile: a comparison between cold seep and non-seep sites
Authors: Quiroga Eduardo , Sellanes Javier 
Published: April 2009

The growth and size-structure of the bathyal ophiuroid brittle star, Stegophiura sp., were analysed from skeletal growth bands and disc diameter frequencies. Specimens were collected in trawl samples taken on the continental slope off central Chile (~36°S) at two sites within the recently discovered Concepción Methane Seep Area (CMSA) and at two control non-seep sites. Growth bands were measured as radii of vertebral ossicles from scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs and used to provide size-at-age data. The von Bertalanffy and the Gompertz growth models provided good fit to size-at-age data. The size-structure distributions observed in the study area suggest that small-bodied (<10 mm disc diameter) individuals of Stegophiura sp. are more abundant near seep sites, probably attracted there by the presence of methane-derived authigenic carbonates, which provide a preferred habitat for ophiuroids and benthic fauna in general. Furthermore, size-at-age data from measurements of the ossicle growth bands indicate relatively rapid growth of Stegophiura sp. populations at seep sites. Assuming that the growth rings are annual, the maximum Stegophiura sp. age was estimated to be 15 years. The growth performance of this species falls within the range of values reported for sub-Antarctic and bathyal species.
Spatial pattern of rocky intertidal barnacle recruitment: comparison over multiple tidal levels and years
Authors: Munroe Daphne M. , Noda Takashi 
Published: April 2009

Recently developed methods allow quantification and examination of point patterns. Understanding patterns of aggregation or regularity of larval recruits at various spatial scales can help in identifying underlying ecological and biological processes determining their distribution. A rocky shore plot (30 cm wide × 100 cm tall) in southern Hokkaido, Japan was cleared each summer. Barnacle (Chthamallus challengeri) recruitment, after a period of approximately 134 days, was recorded using 40 photographs (25 cm2); 8 photographs per 20 cm horizontal band of tidal height, 5 bands total. Barnacle recruits within each photograph were mapped and co-ordinates used to analyse aggregation at scales from 0–2 cm using Ripley's K statistic and neighbourhood density function (NDF) (both models assumed heterogeneity of first-order density). Quadrat density counts at scales from 20–50 cm provided estimates of aggregation using Morisita's standardized index. These analyses showed that barnacle recruits demonstrate ordered spacing up to a distance of 6 mm. From 6 mm to 2 cm recruits show random spacing based on NDF, but ordered distribution based on the Ripley's K statistic. This discrepancy is likely a result of the cumulative nature of the Ripley's K statistic. At larger scales, Morisita's standardized index indicated aggregation. This result may be explained biologically by the trade off between maximizing need for space at small spatial scales, however being constrained by copulation with neighbours, resulting in aggregation at scales larger than the maximum penis length. The observed pattern was consistent among years with different recruitment densities and among tidal levels, indicating site specific characteristics and interspecific interactions may have a larger influence than desiccation stress or density dependence on spacing of recruits.
Large Coastal Landslides and Tsunami Hazard in the Caribbean
Authors: Teeuw Richard , Rust Derek , Solana Carmen , Dewdney Chris , Robertson Richard 
Published: April 2009

With nine volcanic peaks in a 750‐square‐kilometer area, Dominica, in the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc (Figure 1), has one of the highest concentrations of potentially active volcanoes in the world [Lindsay et al., 2005]. Dominica is very hilly, and there have been numerous landslides, particularly on the island's wetter eastern and northern coasts.Lindsay et al. [2005] consider the likelihood of gravitational collapses on the flanks of Dominica's volcanoes to be “low but not negligible.” However, many factors make Dominica particularly prone to large landslides (>1 million tons): (1) extensive zones of weakened rock, due to hydrothermal alteration and/or intense tropical weathering; (2) oversteepened slopes associated with tectonic uplift and erosion of volcanic edifice foot slopes; (3) large amounts of rainfall on the volcanic uplands, especially during the hurricane season (June–October), with annual averages of up to approximately 6000 millimeters; and (4) occasional severe seismic activity, e.g., a magnitude 7.3 earthquake on 29 November 2007, with its epicenter between Dominica and Martinique, and another of magnitude 6.2 on 21 November 2004, with its epicenter between Dominica and Guadeloupe.
Shallow Submarine Hydrothermal Systems in the Aeolian Volcanic Arc, Italy
Authors: Monecke Thomas , Petersen Sven , Lackschewitz Klas , Hügler Michael , Hannington Mark D. , Gemmell J. Bruce 
Published: April 2009

The majority of known high‐temperature hydrothermal vents occur at mid‐ocean ridges and back‐arc spreading centers, typically at water depths from 2000 to 4000 meters. Compared with 30 years of hydrothermal research along spreading centers in the deep parts of the ocean, exploration of the approximately 700 submarine arc volcanoes is relatively recent [de Ronde et al., 2003]. At these submarine arc volcanoes, active hydrothermal vents are located at unexpectedly shallow water depth (95% at <1600‐meter depth), which has important consequences for the style of venting, the nature of associated mineral deposits, and the local biological communities.As part of an ongoing multinational research effort to study shallow submarine volcanic arcs, two hydrothermal systems in the submerged part of the Aeolian arc have been investigated in detail during research cruises by R/V Poseidon (July 2006) and R/V Meteor (August 2007). Comprehensive seafloor video surveys were conducted using a remotely operated vehicle, and drilling to a depth of 5 meters was carried out using a lander‐type submersible drill. This research has resulted in the first detailed, three‐dimensional documentation of shallow submarine hydrothermal systems on arc volcanoes.
Functional GacS in Pseudomonas DSS73 prevents digestion by Caenorhabditis elegans and protects the nematode from killer flagellates
Authors: Bjørnlund Lisa , Rønn Regin , Péchy-Tarr Maria , Maurhofer Monika , Keel Christoph , Nybroe Ole 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The success of biocontrol bacteria in soil depends in part on their ability to escape predation. We explored the interactions between Pseudomonas strain DSS73 and two predators, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the flagellate Cercomonas sp. Growth of the nematode in liquid culture was arrested when it was feeding on DSS73 or a DSS73 mutant (DSS73-15C2) unable to produce the biosurfactant amphisin, whereas a regulatory gacS mutant (DSS73-12H8) that produces no exoproducts supported fast growth of the nematode. The flagellate Cercomonas sp. was able to grow on all three strains. The biosurfactant-deficient DSS73 mutant caused severe dilation of the nematode gut. In three-species systems (DSS73, Cercomonas and C. elegans), the nematodes fed on the flagellates, which in turn grazed the bacteria and the number of C. elegans increased. The flagellates Cercomonas sp. usually kill C. elegans. However, DSS73 protected the nematodes from flagellate killing. Soil microcosms inoculated with six rhizobacteria and grazed by nematodes were colonized more efficiently by DSS73 than similar systems grazed by flagellates or without grazers. In conclusion, our results suggest that C. elegans and DSS73 mutually increase the survival of one another in complex multispecies systems and that this interaction depends on the GacS regulator.
Microarray analysis of phosphate regulation in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH8102
Authors: Tetu Sasha G , Brahamsha Bianca , Johnson Daniel A , Tai Vera , Phillippy Katherine , Palenik Brian , Paulsen Ian T 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Primary productivity of open ocean environments, such as those inhabited by marine picocyanobacteria, is often limited by low inorganic phosphate (P). To observe how these organisms cope with P starvation, we constructed a full genome microarray for Synechococcus sp. WH8102 and compared differences in gene expression under P-replete and P-limited growth conditions, including both early P stress, during extracellular alkaline phosphatase induction, and late P stress. A total of 36 genes showed significant upregulation (&gt;log2 fold) whereas 23 genes were highly downregulated at the early time point; however, these changes in expression were maintained during late P stress for only 5 of the upregulated genes. Knockout mutants were constructed for genes SYNW0947 and SYNW0948, comprising a two-component regulator hypothesized to have a key function in regulating P metabolism. A high degree of overlap in the sets of genes affected by P stress conditions and in the knockout mutants supports this hypothesis; however, there is some indication that other regulators may be involved in this response in Synechococcus sp. WH8102. Consistent with what has been observed in many other cyanobacteria, the Pho regulon of this strain is comprised largely of genes for alkaline phosphatases, P transport or P metabolism. Interestingly, however, the exact composition and arrangement of the Pho regulon appears highly variable in marine cyanobacteria.
Bias in assessments of marine microbial biodiversity in fosmid libraries as evaluated by pyrosequencing
Authors: Temperton Ben , Field Dawn , Oliver Anna , Tiwari Bela , Mühling Martin , Joint Ian , Gilbert Jack A 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the SAR11 clade of marine bacteria has an almost universal distribution, being detected as abundant sequences in all marine provinces. Yet, SAR11 sequences are rarely detected in fosmid libraries, suggesting that the widespread abundance may be an artefact of PCR cloning and that SAR11 has a relatively low abundance. Here the relative abundance of SAR11 is explored in both a fosmid library and a metagenomic sequence data set from the same biological community taken from fjord surface water from Bergen, Norway. Pyrosequenced data and 16S clone data confirmed an 11–15% relative abundance of SAR11 within the community. In contrast, not a single SAR11 fosmid was identified in a pooled shotgun sequence data set of 100 fosmid clones. This underrepresentation was evidenced by comparative abundances of SAR11 sequences assessed by taxonomic annotation and fragment recruitment. Analysis revealed a similar underrepresentation of low-GC Flavobacteriaceae. We speculate that a contributing factor towards the fosmid bias may be DNA fragmentation during preparation because of the low GC content of SAR11 sequences and other underrepresented taxa. This study suggests that, although fosmid libraries can be extremely useful, caution must be taken when directly inferring community composition from metagenomic fosmid libraries.
Qualitative aspects of developmental language impairment relate to language and literacy outcome in adulthood
Authors: Whitehouse Andrew J. O. , Line E. A. , Watt Helen J. , Bishop Dorothy V. M. 
Published: April 2009

Background: Developmental language disorder is a heterogeneous diagnostic category. Little research has compared the long‐term outcomes of children with different subtypes of language impairment.Aims: To determine whether the pattern of language impairment in childhood related to language and literacy outcomes in adulthood.Methods & Procedures: Adults who took part in previous studies as children were traced. There were four groups of participants, each with a different childhood diagnosis: specific language impairment (SLI; n = 19, mean age at follow‐up = 24;8), pragmatic language impairment (PLI; n = 7, mean age at follow‐up = 22;3), autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 11; mean age at follow‐up = 21;9), and no childhood diagnosis (typical; n = 12; mean age at follow‐up = 21;6). Participants were administered a battery of language and literacy tests.Outcomes & Results: Adults with a history of SLI had persisting language impairment as well as considerable literacy difficulties. Pragmatic deficits also appeared to develop over time in these individuals. The PLI group had enduring difficulties with language use, but presented with relatively intact language and literacy skills. Although there were some similarities in the language profile of the PLI and ASD groups, the ASD group was found to have more severe pragmatic deficits and parent‐reported linguistic difficulties in conversational speech.Conclusions & Implications: The pattern of deficits observed in different subtypes of developmental language disorder persists into adulthood. The findings highlight the importance of a wide‐ranging clinical assessment in childhood, which may provide an indication of outcome in adulthood.
Progenitor cell self‐renewal and cyclic neutropenia
Authors: Dingli D.  , Antal T.  , Traulsen A. , Pacheco J. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives: Cyclic neutropenia (CN) is a rare genetic disorder where patients experience regular cycling of numbers of neutrophils and various other haematopoietic lineages. The nadir in neutrophil count is the main source of problems due to risk of life‐threatening infections. Patients with CN benefit from granulocyte colony stimulating factor therapy, although cycling persists. Mutations in neutrophil elastase gene (ELA2) have been found in more than half of patients with CN. However, neither connection between phenotypic expression of ELA2 and CN nor the mechanism of cycling is known.Materials and methods:  Recently, a multicompartment model of haematopoiesis that couples stem cell replication with marrow output has been proposed. In the following, we couple this model of haematopoiesis with a linear feedback mechanism via G‐CSF.Results:  We propose that the phenotypic effect of ELA2 mutations leads to reduction in self‐renewal of granulocytic progenitors. The body responds by overall relative increase of G‐CSF and increasing progenitor cell self‐renewal, leading to cell count cycling.Conclusion:  The model is compatible with available experimental data and makes testable predictions.
Influence of intra‐tree variation in phenology and oviposition site on the distribution and performance of Ennomos subsignaria on mature sycamore maple
Authors: FRY HEIDI R. C. , QUIRING DAN T. , RYALL KRISTA L. , DIXON PEGGY L. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract 1. Field surveys and a manipulative experiment were conducted to examine the hypotheses that intra‐tree heterogeneity in natural enemy activity, foliar quality (independent of phenology), or phenology influence the intra‐tree distribution and performance of Ennomos subsignaria on mature sycamore maple, Acer pseudoplatanus.2. Ennomos subsignaria intra‐tree distribution was distinctly clumped. Egg mass density was 85% higher on the lower bole than in the crown. Most early instars were found on lower crown proximal branches while most late instars and pupae were found on lower crown distal branches. This resulted in high levels of defoliation in the lower crown, especially on proximal branches.3. No parasitoids were reared from eggs or late‐instar larvae and only one pupa was parasitised, suggesting that preference for the bole and lower crown was not a response to parasitism. Similarly, E. subsignaria performance was not influenced by variable foliage quality (independent of phenology) within the crown. However, sycamore maple phenology had a large influence on E. subsignaria survival. More than 90% of newly emerged larvae survived to the adult stage when they fed on foliage with three pairs of leaves expanded per bud, whereas survival on younger foliage was reduced by >45%.4. The peak period of E. subsignaria egg hatch was approximately 2 weeks after the peak period of sycamore maple budburst, which occurred acropetally. Egg hatch was closely synchronised with the availability of most suitable leaves for insect development on proximal branches of the lower crown, the location where most larvae initiated feeding.5. The results support the phenology hypothesis and suggest that intra‐tree variation in oviposition site and host phenological development influence the intra‐tree distribution and performance of this generalist herbivore.
Seismic refraction traveltime inversion for static corrections in a glaciated shield rock environment: a case study
Authors: Schijns Heather , Heinonen Suvi , Schmitt Douglas R. , Heikkinen Pekka , Kukkonen Ilmo T. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTA traveltime inversion technique is applied to model the upper ∼40 m of the subsurface of a glaciated shield rock area in order to calculate static corrections for a multi‐azimuth multi‐depth walk‐away vertical seismic profile and a surface seismic reflection profile. First break information from a seismic refraction survey is used in conjunction with a ray‐tracing program and an iterative damped least‐squares inversion algorithm to create a two‐dimensional model of the subsurface. The layout of the seismic survey required crooked seismic lines and substantial gaps in the source and receiver coverage to be accounted for. Additionally, there is substantial topographical variation and a complex geology consisting of glaciofluvial sediment and glacial till overlying a crystalline bedrock. The resolution and reliability of the models is measured through a parameter perturbation technique, normalized χ2 values, root means square traveltime residuals and comparison to known geology.
Understanding dynamics between initial trust and usage intentions of mobile banking
Authors: Kim Gimun , Shin BongSik , Lee Ho Geun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMobile banking is an emerging application of mobile commerce that could become an additional revenue source to both banks and telecom service providers. It is a form of service convergence enabled by innovative technologies. Despite the alleged benefits of mobile banking, its acceptance has been short of industry expectations. One plausible explanation may be consumers' initial lack of trust in available services. The objective of our research is to reveal the mechanisms associated with the initial formation of people's trust in mobile banking and intention to use the service. For this, we attempt to understand the effect of four antecedent variables (structural assurances, relative benefits, personal propensity to trust and firm reputation) on shaping a person's initial trust in mobile banking and its usage intention. They represent four types of trust‐inducing forces: institutional offering (structural assurances), cognition (perceived benefits), personality (personal propensity) and firm characteristics (firm reputation). We examine individual significance of the selected antecedents and also their comparative reliability in explaining the two exogenous variables. The technical basis of our empirical research is the innovative mobile banking solution that uses cellphones with a built‐in smart chipset. The survey data are analyzed using structural equation modelling. The analysis showed that three variables (relative benefits, propensity to trust and structural assurances) had a significant effect on initial trust in mobile banking. Also, the perception of initial trust and relative benefits was vital in promoting personal intention to make use of related services. However, contrary to our expectation, the reputation as a firm characteristics variable failed to attract people to mobile banking.