bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF LARVAL CHIRONOMIDAE IN THE PRODUCTION OF LACUSTRINE COPROPEL IN MUD LAKE, MARION COUNTY, FLORIDA1
Authors: Iovino A. J. , Bradley W. H. 
Published: March 2010

Mud Lake is a shallow (avg 45 cm), alkaline (pH 7.7–10.2), brown‐water lake having an area of about 180 ha. A study of its organic sediment was undertaken because it appears to be a present‐day analogue of the richly organic lacustrine oozes that were the precursors of the oil shales of the Green River Formation (Eocene). The water contains about 200 ppm total dissolved solids. The soft ooze is about 1 m thick and consists of minute fecal pellets produced primarily by larvae of Chironomus (Chironomus) sp. Mean numbers of larvae ranged from 120 to 580 m−2; such a small population may reflect extensive predation by fish. The small diversity of Chironomidae at this latitude may reflect the fact that few organisms can tolerate the physical conditions produced by the shallow water.Experiments with laboratory‐reared Mud Lake midges showed that the numbers of fecal pellets produced generally increased with the concentration of algal cells available; that only when the larvae were fed blue‐green algae were the fecal pellets coherent and durable—larvae fed green algae produced pellets that disintegrated, returning the undigested algae to the food supply; and that larvae fed blue‐green algae changed from filter‐feeding to grazing on the fecal pellets when suspended algal cells became sparse. We conclude that the sediment in Mud Lake is pelletal because only blue‐green algae are available for food and that the larvae probably graze because all the blue‐greens live only on, or in, the fecal pellets. Early instars produce ovoid pellets; later instars produce longer, cylindrical pellets.The analogy between the Mud Lake pelletal ooze and the Eocene precursors of the Green River Formation oil shale is enhanced by the facts that some oil shale thin sections show minute fecal pellets and that certain beds of rich oil shale contain numerous unmineralized remains of immature chironomids.
PHYTOPLANKTON‐ZOOPLANKTON RELATIONSHIPS IN NARRAGANSETT BAY. IV. THE SEASONAL IMPORTANCE OF GRAZING1
Authors: Martin John H. 
Published: March 2010

Grazing experiments with freshly caught plankton from Narragansett Bay were performed at weekly or biweekly intervals through most of a seasonal cycle. The laboratory rates (obtained under simulated natural conditions) were multiplied by the zooplankton concentration in the natural environment and the effects of grazing on the phytoplankton community were assessed. Grazing was most extensive in spring and early summer; phytoplankton production was believed to be high and a large standing crop of Skeletonema costatum persisted. The grazing population was severely reduced during summer, but the phytoplankton standing crop did not increase markedly and some other factor must have been limiting primary production at this time. During fall, decreasing light allowed little phytoplankton growth and mild grazing kept the standing crop at a minimum. This grazing ceased in December and with the release in grazing pressure the winter‐spring diatom flowering began.Skeletonema costatum, the dominant bay diatom, was selectively grazed and its longer chains were preferentially removed.
ON THE PRESENCE OF 0.1–0.5‐µ DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER IN SEAWATER
Authors: OGURA NORIO 
Published: March 2010

“Dissolved” organic matter (DOM) in seawater was fractionated by filtration with filters of different pore size.Samples below 600 m in one station of the East China Sea contained 0.1–0.5‐µ DOM. In a sample from 1,573 m, DOM between 0.1 and 0.5 µ amounted to 24% of the total. In other stations, a large part of the DOM was composed of fractions smaller than 0.1 µ. The nature of 0.1–0.5‐µ DOM is discussed.
Facile Fabrication of Monolithic 3D Porous Silica Microstructures and a Microfluidic System Embedded with the Microstructure
Authors: Xiao ZuoYi , Wang Anjie , Perumal Jayakumar , Kim Dong‐Pyo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMonolithic 3D porous silica structures are fabricated into a multilayer framework with a bimodal pore size distribution in the micrometer and sub‐micrometer range. The fabrication – which involves directed assembly of colloidal spheres, transfer printing, and removal of a sacrificial template – yields robust and mechanically stable structures over a large area. The structure becomes monolithic upon pyrolyzing the stacked layers, which induces necking of the particles. The monolithic microstructures can easily be embedded in microchannels with the aid of photolithography, leading to the formation of a microfluidic system with a built‐in microstructure in a site‐ and shape‐controlled manner. Utilization of the system results in a fourfold increase in the mixing efficiency in the microchannel.
A systematic approach for the design of UV reactors using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Wols B. A. , Hofman J. A. M. H. , Beerendonk E. F. , Uijttewaal W. S. J. , van Dijk J. C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA wide variation exists in the geometries of UV reactors, which results in completely different hydrodynamics and therefore large differences with respect to the disinfection and oxidation performance. Among the large number of reactor types, it is not known beforehand which reactor type has the best performance with respect to disinfection or oxidation, and if such a reactor is the best reactor out of all the possible reactor designs. In this research, a systematic approach for the design of UV reactors is followed that makes use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. To that end, the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis and degradation of atrazine was determined for a wide range of UV systems by means of CFD. The efficacy of UV systems was evaluated and improvements were made by taking measures that increase the mean dose and/or narrow the dose distribution, such as placing mirrors, enhancing the mixing and placing reactors in series. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Nonequilibrium equation of state for Lennard‐Jones fluids and the calculation of strain‐rate dependent shear viscosity
Authors: Ahmed Alauddin , Sadus Richard J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation data for a 12‐6 Lennard‐Jones fluid are obtained over a wide range of temperatures, densities and strain‐rates. The data, which cover 660 different state points, are used to deduce the nonequilibrium contributions to the energy and pressure of the fluid under steady‐state conditions. These contributions are analysed and used in conjunction with an equilibrium equation of state to obtain an accurate nonequilibrium steady‐state equation of state for the 12‐6 Lennard‐Jones fluid. Comparison with simulation data indicates that the nonequilibrium contributions can be obtained with a similar accuracy to the equilibrium contributions. Relationships for the shear viscosity as functions of density and pressure are obtained, which adequately reproduce the shear viscosity simulation data. The isochoric shear viscosity as a function of pressure is shown to be independent of strain‐rate at sufficiently high strain‐rates. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
The usefulness of caries frequency, depth, and location in determining cariogenicity and past subsistence: A test on early and later agriculturalists from the Peruvian coast
Authors: Lanfranco Luis Pezo , Eggers Sabine 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDental markers have been used to unravel particularities of paleodiet, subsistence, social structure, and health. This article aims to compare oral pathology among four pre‐Columbian groups with different degrees of agricultural and socio‐cultural development but comparable ecological conditions who lived on the coastal desert of Peru. Three of these groups are assigned to distinct phases of the Formative Period (2500–1 BC), a time critical for our understanding of the development of agriculture and social complexity. The fourth group corresponds to the Late Intermediate Period (1000–1470 AD), when agriculture had its apogee and society was highly stratified. In this study we test whether there is an increase (1) in the frequency of carious lesions and (2) in caries depth, and (3) if there is a shift from occlusal to extra‐occlusal caries locations with the development of agriculture. Therefore, we analyze the frequencies of carious lesions and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), the caries distributions by age, sex, and type of tooth, as well as the tissues affected by, and the location of the carious lesions. Since there are no significant differences in the frequencies of carious lesions and AMTL between the groups, we reject hypothesis 1. In contrast, caries depth does increase, and caries location changes from occlusal to extra‐occlusal sites with agricultural development. However, we can only corroborate hypothesis 2 and 3 when taking into consideration dental wear. Thus, we recommend that caries depth and locations should be used with evaluations of dental wear to reconstruct subsistence in ancient populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:75–91, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathological gambling in Parkinson disease is reduced by amantadine
Authors: Thomas Astrid , Bonanni Laura , Gambi Francesco , Di Iorio Angelo , Onofrj Marco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo investigate the possible efficacy of amantadine in the control of pathological gambling (PG) associated with Parkinson disease (PD), 17 PD patients with PG were randomly selected for a double‐blind crossover study with amantadine 200mg/day versus placebo and an open follow‐up. Assessments included PG‐specific scales (Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale for PG, Gambling‐Symptom Assessment Scale, South Oaks Gambling Screen) and assessment of expenditures and time spent gambling. Amantadine abolished or reduced PG in all treated patients, as confirmed by scale score and daily expenditure reduction. Amantadine might be useful to treat PG. The effect of amantadine, acting as an antiglutamatergic agent, also opens new insights into the pathogenesis of PG. ANN NEUROL 2010
Phosphite‐driven, [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]2+‐catalyzed reduction of nicotinamide and flavin cofactors: characterization and application to promote chemoenzymatic reduction reactions
Authors: Grau Maria Mifsud , Poizat Maël , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Hollmann Frank 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe organometallic compound [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]2+ is a versatile catalyst for the in situ regeneration of reduced nicotinamides and flavins by catalyzing the electron transfer between the cathode or formate to the oxidized cofactors and prosthetic groups. In the present contribution we demonstrate the feasibility of phosphite as an alternative source of reducing equivalents. Thus, [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]2+ combines the catalytic activities of hydrogenases, formate and phosphite dehydrogenases in one catalyst. The catalytic properties of this novel regeneration approach are investigated, demonstrating that the general catalytic properties of [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]2+ are preserved. The principal applicability to promote alcoholdehydrogenase‐catalyzed reduction reactions is demonstrated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crosslinking reactions of oxidized cellulose fiber. I. Reactions between dialdehyde cellulose and multifunctional amines on lyocell fabric
Authors: Han Samsook , Lee Muncheul , Kim Byung Kyu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFibrillation‐controlled lyocell fibers were developed by crosslinking reactions between dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) and multifunctional amines. DAC lyocell fibers were manufactured by partial oxidation with sodium metaperiodate and were successfully crosslinked with two multifunctional amines by Schiff‐base formation. The amorphous regions and the char formations, which were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, increased with the degree of oxidation. After the crosslinking reactions, an increase in the amorphous regions also appeared, whereas the thermal stability was somewhat improved by the chain crosslinking. These results were in good agreement with viscosity‐average degree of polymerization values in that they diminished with oxidation level and increased with the crosslinking reactions. The water retention value and moisture regain value decreased with the oxidation and crosslinking levels, which implied that the swellability of fibers and the water absorbency in characteristic sites decreased with them. The increase in the dry crease recovery angle also confirmed the presence of hemiacetal crosslinks in the DAC and amine crosslinks between the DAC and the amines. The fibrillation grade of the crosslinked fibers diminished with oxidation level and the amine concentration. In particular, the fibrillation properties of the crosslinked fibers with 4‐hydroxy‐2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidine sulfate salt were more easily controlled than those of the crosslinked fibers with 2,4,6‐triamino‐1,3,5‐triazine. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Integrating Reaction Chemistry into Molecular Electronic Devices
Authors: Shen Qian , Guo Xuefeng , Steigerwald Michael L. , Nuckolls Colin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis Focus Review provides an overview of the design and fabrication of new families of molecular electronic devices where reaction chemistry is an efficient means for covalently bridging the nanogaps between separated contacts. In each case ever‐reducing top‐down device fabrication existing in the silicon‐based semiconductor industry is tailored to meet the requirements of ever‐expanding length scales of bottom‐up assembly. The combination of directed self‐assembly and programmed chemical reactions with device fabrication allows us to modify the electrodes and then to complete electrical circuits by chemically connecting the electrodes.
Using computer software packages to enhance the teaching in Engineering Management Science: Part 3—simulation
Authors: Ku H. , Fulcher R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper is the third paper in a series of sharing the experience of using different software packages in the delivery of Engineering Management Science coded as ENG4004, in the Bachelor of Engineering and Bachelor of Engineering Technology programs offered by the University of Southern Queensland. The paper describes how the authors use different software packages to solve the simulation problems of the course, using Monte–Carlo technique. Sometimes more than one package is required for the effective delivery of a topic of the course. The needs for the usage were also explained. The assessments of the course were also studied and reviewed. How the software packages met the objectives of the module were also discussed together with the desired learning outcomes of students. The preferred software was Excel in MS Office. It can be argued that the students' learning experience and satisfaction will be greatly increased with the software packages while the cost to the university will be minimal. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 547–552, 2012
Evidence‐based management of patients undergoing PCI: Contrast‐induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Caixeta Adriano , Mehran Roxana 
Published: March 2010

AbstractContrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is one of the leading causes of hospital‐acquired acute kidney injury. CI‐AKI is highly prevalent in patients with well‐known risk factors, including older age, chronic renal insufficiency, congestive heart failure, and diabetes. Thus far, no strategies have been shown to be effective in preventing CI‐AKI beyond thorough patient selection, minimizing the amount of contrast agent, and meticulous hydration of the patient. The role of various drugs in preventing CI‐AKI is still controversial and warrants future studies. Despite the remaining uncertainty regarding the degree of nephrotoxicity produced by various contrast agents, nonionic low‐osmolar contrast media may be preferred in patients at high risk for CI‐AKI. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exergoenvironmental Analysis – A New Approach to Support the Design for Environment of Chemical Processes?
Authors: Buchgeister J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe design of environmental‐effective energy conversion processes can be provided by exergoenviromental analysis which is a new method supporting the design for environment. It combines an exergy analysis with a life cycle assessment (LCA) to determine thermodynamic efficiency and formation of environmental impacts on plant components. The exergoenvironmental approach is used to assign environmental impacts to all energy and material flows as well as thermodynamic inefficiencies within each process component. The analysis reveals the interdependencies between thermodynamic behavior and environmental impacts and between process components. Presenting an example of electricity production using a high‐temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with an integrated allothermal biomass gasification process, exergoenvironmental analysis is described and the environmentally most relevant process components are identified. Furthermore, the result of the exergoenvironmental analysis is discussed with regard to utilization for process design and optimization in chemical production.
Structural remodeling of vagal afferent innervation of aortic arch and nucleus ambiguus (NA) projections to cardiac ganglia in a transgenic mouse model of type 1 diabetes (OVE26)
Authors: Li Lihua , Huang Chenghui , Ai Jing , Yan Binbin , Gu He , Ma Zhuosai , Li Angie Y. , Xinyan Shang , Harden Scott W. , Hatcher Jeff T. , Wurster Robert D. , Cheng Zixi (Jack) 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDiabetes‐induced structural changes of vagal aortic afferent and cardiac efferent axons are not well understood. FVB control and OVE26 diabetic mice at different ages received injections of the tracer tetramethylrhodamine dextran (TMR‐D) into the nodose ganglion to label vagal aortic afferents (at 3 and 6 months), or DiI injections into the nucleus ambiguus to label vagal cardiac efferents (at 3, 6, and 9 months). The aortic arch and atria were examined by using confocal microscopy. In the aortic arch, TMR‐D labeled large and small vagal afferent axons (axonsLand axonsS) that formed different types of terminals: axonsLproduced large flower‐sprays (flower‐spraysL) and end‐nets (end‐netsL), whereas axonsSproduced small flower‐sprays (flower‐spraysS) and end‐nets (end‐netsS). In the atria, DiI‐labeled vagal efferent axons formed basket endings around ganglion principle neurons (PNs). The vagal afferents, PNs and vagal cardiac efferents in diabetic mice were compared with age‐matched control mice. We found (P< 0.05) that: 1) the size of axonsL, flower‐spraysL, flower‐spraysSand end‐netsSwere reduced at 6 and 9 months; 2) the size of cardiac ganglia and the somatic area of the PNs were decreased, and the PN density in cardiac ganglia was increased at all ages and the PN nuclei/soma area ratio was increased at 9 months; and 3) the percentage of DiI‐labeled axons‐innervated PNs was decreased at all ages. Furthermore, the number of synaptic‐like terminal varicosities around PNs was decreased. Compared with 3 months, more advanced diabetes at 9 months further reduced the number of varicosities/PN. In addition to these changes, swollen axons and terminals, as well as leaky‐like DiI‐labeled terminals, were observed in long‐term diabetic mice (6 and 9 months of age). Taken together, our data show that chronic diabetes induces a significant structural atrophy of vagal aortic afferent and cardiac efferent axons and terminals. Although different morphologies of vagal afferent terminals in the aortic arch may serve as substrates for the future investigation of aortic depressor afferent physiology, structural remodeling of vagal afferents and efferents provides a foundation for further analysis of diabetes‐induced impairment of cardiac autonomic regulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2771–2793, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of transverse bands in maintaining paranodal structure and axolemmal domain organization in myelinated nerve fibers: Effect on longevity in dysmyelinated mutant mice
Authors: Mierzwa Amanda J. , Arevalo Juan‐Carlos , Schiff Rolf , Chao Moses V. , Rosenbluth Jack 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe consequences of dysmyelination are poorly understood and vary widely in severity. The shaking mouse, a quaking allele, is characterized by severe central nervous system (CNS) dysmyelination and demyelination, a conspicuous action tremor, and seizures in ∼25% of animals, but with normal muscle strength and a normal lifespan. In this study we compare this mutant with other dysmyelinated mutants including the ceramide sulfotransferase deficient (CST−/−) mouse, which are more severely affected behaviorally, to determine what might underlie the differences between them with respect to behavior and longevity. Examination of the paranodal junctional region of CNS myelinated fibers shows that “transverse bands,” a component of the junction, are present in nearly all shaking paranodes but in only a minority of CST−/− paranodes. The number of terminal loops that have transverse bands within a paranode and the number of transverse bands per unit length are only moderately reduced in the shaking mutant, compared with controls, but markedly reduced in CST−/− mice. Immunofluorescence studies also show that although the nodes of the shaking mutant are somewhat longer than normal, Na+ and K+ channels remain separated, distinguishing this mutant from CST−/− mice and others that lack transverse bands. We conclude that the essential difference between the shaking mutant and others more severely affected is the presence of transverse bands, which serve to stabilize paranodal structure over time as well as the organization of the axolemmal domains, and that differences in the prevalence of transverse bands underlie the marked differences in progressive neurological impairment and longevity among dysmyelinated mouse mutants. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2841–2853, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.