bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Index for Acute- and Lymphoma-Type Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
Authors: Katsuya Hiroo , Yamanaka Takeharu , Ishitsuka Kenji , Utsunomiya Atae , Sasaki Hidenori , Hanada Shuichi , Eto Tetsuya , Moriuchi Yukiyoshi , Saburi Yoshio , Miyahara Masaharu , Sueoka Eisaburo , Uike Naokuni , Yoshida Shinichiro , Yamashita Kiyoshi , Tsukasaki Kunihiro , Suzushima Hitoshi , Ohno Yuju , Matsuoka Hitoshi , Jo Tatsuro , Suzumiya Junji , Tamura Kazuo 
Published: April 2012

Purpose The prognosis of acute- and lymphoma-type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is poor, but there is marked diversity in survival outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a prognostic index (PI) for acute- and lymphoma-type ATL (ATL-PI). Patients and Methods In a retrospective review, data from 807 patients newly diagnosed with acute- and lymphoma-type ATL between January 2000 and May 2009 were evaluated. We randomly divided subjects into training (n = 404) and validation (n = 403) samples, and developed a PI using a multivariable fractional polynomial model. Results Median overall survival time (MST) for the 807 patients was 7.7 months. The Ann Arbor stage (I and II v III and IV), performance status (0 to 1 v 2 to 4), and three continuous variables (age, serum albumin, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor [sIL-2R]) were identified as independent prognostic factors in the training sample. Using these variables, a prognostic model was devised to identify different levels of risk. In the validation sample, MSTs were 3.6, 7.3, and 16.2 months for patients at high, intermediate, and low risk, respectively (P < .001; χ2 = 89.7, 2 df; log-rank test). We also simplified the original ATL-PI according to dichotomizing age at 70 years, serum albumin at 3.5 g/dL, and sIL-2R at 20,000 U/mL and developed an easily calculable PI with prognostic discrimination power (P < .001; χ2 = 74.2, 2 df; log-rank test). Conclusion The ATL-PI is a promising new tool for identifying patients with acute- and lymphoma-type ATL at different risks.
Multicenter Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial Comparing Neoadjuvant Oxaliplatin, Capecitabine, and Preoperative Radiotherapy With or Without Cetuximab Followed by Total Mesorectal Excision in Patients With High-Risk Rectal Cancer (EXPERT-C)
Authors: Dewdney Alice , Cunningham David , Tabernero Josep , Capdevila Jaume , Glimelius Bengt , Cervantes Andres , Tait Diana , Brown Gina , Wotherspoon Andrew , Gonzalez de Castro David , Chua Yu Jo , Wong Rachel , Barbachano Yolanda , Oates Jacqueline , Chau Ian 
Published: April 2012

Purpose To evaluate the addition of cetuximab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy in high-risk rectal cancer. Patients and Methods Patients with operable magnetic resonance imaging–defined high-risk rectal cancer received four cycles of capecitabine/oxaliplatin (CAPOX) followed by capecitabine chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant CAPOX (four cycles) or the same regimen plus weekly cetuximab (CAPOX+C). The primary end point was complete response (CR; pathologic CR or, in patients not undergoing surgery, radiologic CR) in patients with KRAS/BRAF wild-type tumors. Secondary end points were radiologic response (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety in the wild-type and overall populations and a molecular biomarker analysis. Results One hundred sixty-five eligible patients were randomly assigned. Ninety (60%) of 149 assessable tumors were KRAS or BRAF wild type (CAPOX, n = 44; CAPOX+C, n = 46), and in these patients, the addition of cetuximab did not improve the primary end point of CR (9% v 11%, respectively; P = 1.0; odds ratio, 1.22) or PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; P = .363). Cetuximab significantly improved RR (CAPOX v CAPOX+C: after chemotherapy, 51% v 71%, respectively; P = .038; after chemoradiation, 75% v 93%, respectively; P = .028) and OS (HR, 0.27; P = .034). Skin toxicity and diarrhea were more frequent in the CAPOX+C arm. Conclusion Cetuximab led to a significant increase in RR and OS in patients with KRAS/BRAF wild-type rectal cancer, but the primary end point of improved CR was not met.
Barriers to Contraception and Interest In Over‐the‐Counter Access Among Low‐Income Women: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dennis Amanda , Grossman Daniel 
Published: April 2012

CONTEXT:
Barriers to contraceptive access encourage nonuse and gaps in use, which contribute to the high prevalence of unintended pregnancy in the United States. One strategy to improve access to oral contraceptives is to make them available without a prescription.
METHODS:
From March 2007 to January 2009, focus group discussions and in‐depth interviews were conducted with 45 low‐income women in the Boston area to explore how they obtain contraceptives and their opinions about making oral contraceptives available over the counter. Transcripts of the discussions and interviews were deductively and inductively coded. Data were analyzed thematically, and illustrative quotes were extracted.
RESULTS:
Overall, participants reported ease in obtaining contraceptives, which were available at multiple accessible locations throughout Boston. However, various barriers—unaffordable copays and clinic visits, the time required for clinic visits, restrictions on the number of packs of prescription contraceptives (e.g., the ring, the pill) purchased monthly and the limited time frame in which to purchase them—deterred consistent use of preferred methods. Most participants supported over‐the‐counter access to oral contraceptives; however, they raised concerns about cost, as well as the safety of such access for minors, first‐time users and women with medical conditions.
CONCLUSION:
Women’s concerns about over‐the‐counter access to contraceptives must be addressed if this approach is to improve use and potentially help reduce the unintended pregnancy rate.
DFT Study of NBO, NICS and 14N NQR Parameters of Guanine Tautomers in the Gas Phase
Authors: Zahedi Ehsan , Zare K. , Aghaie H. , Emamian S. R. , Shiroudi A. , Aghaie M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The NBO (natural bond orbital analysis), NICS (nucleus independent chemical shift) and 14N NQR (nuclear quadrupole resonance) parameters of the most stable tautomers of guanine in the gas phase were predicted using density functional theory (DFT) method. The NBO analysis indicated the π clouds in the both considered heterocyclic ring contained six electrons, and these tautomers have the aromatic character. The NICS study utilizing the gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method showed that there are diatropic currents in the heterocyclic rings of the tautomers, so we determined the order of overall aromaticity of these tautomers. The results of NQR parameter calculations showed that the p character value of lone pair electrons of nitrogens, the related occupancies and degree of participation of lone pair electrons of nitrogens in the diatropic currents of ring or intramolecular interactions are effective on nuclear quadrupole coupling constant.
The Effect of the School Environment on the Emotional Health of Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kidger Judi , Araya Ricardo , Donovan Jenny , Gunnell David 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The evidence base for the importance of the school environment for adolescent emotional health has never been systematically reviewed. We aimed to synthesize the evidence for the effect on adolescent emotional health of (1) interventions targeting the school environment and (2) the school environment in cohort studies.

METHODS:
Searches of Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, the Social Citation Index, and the gray literature were conducted. Criteria for inclusion were (1) cohort or controlled trial designs, (2) participants aged 11 to 18 years, (3) emotional health outcomes, and (4) school environment exposure or intervention. Relevant studies were retrieved and data extracted by 2 independent reviewers.

RESULTS:
Nine papers reporting 5 controlled trials were reviewed, along with 30 cohort papers reporting 23 studies. Two nonrandomized trials found some evidence that a supportive school environment improved student emotional health, but 3 randomized controlled trials did not. Six (20%) cohort papers examined school-level factors but found no effect. There was some evidence that individual perceptions of school connectedness and teacher support predict future emotional health. Multilevel studies showed school effects were smaller than individual-level effects. Methodological shortcomings were common.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is limited evidence that the school environment has a major influence on adolescent mental health, although student perceptions of teacher support and school connectedness are associated with better emotional health. More studies measuring school-level factors are needed. Randomized controlled trials evaluating 1 or 2 environmental components may have more success in establishing effective and feasible interventions compared with complex whole-school programs.
High Blood Pressure in 2.5-Year-Old Children Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Bonamy Anna-Karin Edstedt , Källén Karin , Norman Mikael 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Adolescents and young adults born preterm have elevated blood pressure (BP). The objective of this study was to investigate if BP is elevated at 2.5 years of age after an extremely preterm birth (EXPT).

METHODS:
In a regional subset of the national population-based cohort Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study, BP at 2.5 years of age was studied in 68 survivors of EXPT (gestational age: 23.6–26.9 weeks; mean ± SD birth weight: 810 ± 164 g), and 65 matched controls born at term.

RESULTS:
At follow-up at 2.5 years of corrected age, EXPT children had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) z scores than controls born at term, according to pediatric BP nomograms by age, gender, and height. The proportion of SBP ≥90th percentile was 44% (30 of 68) in EXPT children and 23% (15 of 65) in controls (P = .01). In logistic regression analyses stratified according to gender, EXPT was associated with an odds ratio for a SBP ≥90th percentile of 3.32 (95% confidence interval: 1.25–8.81) among boys. The corresponding odds ratio among EXPT girls was 2.18 (95% confidence interval: 0.62–7.61). In EXPT children, SBP and DBP z scores were inversely correlated to catch-up growth from 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age to follow-up at 2.5 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children born extremely preterm have elevated office SBP and DBP at a corrected age of 2.5 years. This finding might have implications for their cardiovascular health later in life.
Measles-Containing Vaccines and Febrile Seizures in Children Age 4 to 6 Years
Authors: Klein Nicola P. , Lewis Edwin , Baxter Roger , Weintraub Eric , Glanz Jason , Naleway Allison , Jackson Lisa A. , Nordin James , Lieu Tracy , Belongia Edward A. , Fireman Bruce 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND:
In the United States, children receive 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) and varicella vaccine (V), the first between ages 1 to 2 years and the second between ages 4 to 6 years. Among 1- to 2-year-olds, the risk of febrile seizures 7 to 10 days after MMRV is double that after separate MMR + V. Whether MMRV or MMR + V affects risk for febrile seizure risk among 4- to 6-year-olds has not been reported.

METHODS:
Among 4- to 6-year-old Vaccine Safety Datalink members, we identified seizures in the emergency department and hospital from 2000 to 2008 and outpatient visits for fever from 2006 to 2008 during days 7 to 10 and 0 to 42 after MMRV and MMR + V. Incorporating medical record reviews, we assessed seizure risk after MMRV and MMR + V.

RESULTS:
From 2006 through 2008, 86 750 children received MMRV; from 2000 through 2008, 67 438 received same-day MMR + V. Seizures were rare throughout days 0 to 42 without peaking during days 7 to 10. There was 1 febrile seizure 7 to 10 days after MMRV and 0 after MMR + V. Febrile seizure risk was 1 per 86 750 MMRV doses (95% confidence interval, 1 per 3 426 441, 1 per 15 570) and 0 per 67 438 MMR + V doses (1 per 18 282).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study provides reassurance that MMRV and MMR + V were not associated with increased risk of febrile seizures among 4- to 6-year-olds. We can rule out with 95% confidence a risk greater than 1 febrile seizure per 15 500 MMRV doses and 1 per 18 000 MMR + V doses.
Toward Individualized Breast Cancer Therapy: Translating Biological Concepts to the Bedside
Authors: Hortobagyi Gabriel N. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The management of breast cancer has changed dramatically over the past 20 years. Based on gene expression profiles, or proteomics of three or four biomarkers, it is apparent that there are multiple subtypes with different clinical characteristics, clinical courses, and sensitivities to existing therapies. This manuscript reviews the management of hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive, and triple-negative breast cancers, emphasizing changes that have occurred in recent years and focusing on potential mechanisms of drug resistance. I also highlight strategies to prevent or overcome resistance to specific therapeutic agents. As a result of enhanced biological understanding of the molecular anomalies that drive the development, progression, and dissemination of breast cancer, a number of novel, molecularly targeted agents have been added to standard therapies. Chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted treatments have markedly reduced the risk for recurrence and mortality after primary treatment of breast cancer and have increased the 5- and 10-year survival rates. The challenges with novel therapeutics include the absence of accurate predictive biomarkers to identify those patient who will derive substantial benefit and those patients whose tumors are resistant to specific antitumor agents. As we move forward with increasing molecular segmentation of breast cancer and develop new, highly targeted agents, molecular diagnostics must accompany molecular therapeutics to implement the concept of personalized cancer therapy.
Agreement on Web-based Diagnoses and Severity of Mental Health Problems in Norwegian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
Authors: Brøndbo Håkan , Mathiassen Børge , Martinussen Monica , Heiervang Einar , Eriksen Mads , Kvernmo Siv 
Published: April 2012

Objective:
This study examined the agreement between diagnoses and severity ratings assigned by clinicians using a structured web-based interview within a child and adolescent mental health outpatient setting.

Method:
Information on 100 youths was obtained from multiple informants through a web-based Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). Based on this information, four experienced clinicians independently diagnosed (according to the International Classification of Diseases Revision 10) and rated the severity of mental health problems according to the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) and the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS).

Results:
Agreement for diagnosis was κ=0.69-0.82. Intra-class correlation for single measures was 0.78 for HoNOSCA and 0.74 for C-GAS, and 0.93 and 0.92, respectively for average measures.

Conclusions:
Agreement was good to excellent for all diagnostic categories. Agreement for severity was moderate, but improved to substantial when the average of the ratings given by all clinicians was considered. Therefore, we conclude that experienced clinicians can assign reliable diagnoses and assess severity based on DAWBA data collected online.
Evaluation of the use of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in pooled serum samples for herd-based detection of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows during the first week after parturition
Authors: Borchardt Stefan , Staufenbiel Rudolf 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations in pooled serum samples for herd-based detection of subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows after calving.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—1,100 dairy cows from 110 herds.
Procedures—Blood samples were collected from 10 healthy cows/herd in the first week after parturition. Aliquots of serum were mixed to create a pooled sample. Concentrations of NEFA and BHBA were measured to estimate prevalence of SCK. Pooled sample test results were compared with those obtained for individual samples. Linear regression and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis were performed; Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate agreement between methods.
Results—Overall prevalence of SCK was 30.7%, 19.3%, and 13.6%, as determined by use of BHBA threshold concentrations of 1,000, 1,200, and 1,400 μmol/L, respectively. Pooled sample concentrations of NEFA and BHBA were significantly correlated (r = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively) with individual sample means and with the number of cows that had NEFA (R2 range, 0.81 to 0.84) or BHBA (R2 range, 0.65 to 0.76) concentrations above predefined thresholds. Pooled sample concentrations of NEFA and BHBA were very accurate to highly accurate for herd-based detection of SCK.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of NEFA and BHBA concentrations in pooled serum samples was useful for herd-based detection of SCK. A sample size of 10 cows/herd was deemed adequate for monitoring dairy herds for SCK. Reference criteria specific to pooled samples should be used for this type of herd-based testing.
Comparison of arterial blood pressure measurements and hypertension scores obtained by use of three indirect measurement devices in hospitalized dogs
Authors: Wernick Morena B. , Höpfner Robert M. , Francey Thierry , Howard Judith 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the agreement of blood pressure measurements and hypertension scores obtained by use of 3 indirect arterial blood pressure measurement devices in hospitalized dogs.
Design—Diagnostic test evaluation.
Animals—29 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—5 to 7 consecutive blood pressure readings were obtained from each dog on each of 3 occasions with a Doppler ultrasonic flow detector, a standard oscillometric device (STO), and a high-definition oscillometric device (HDO).
Results—When the individual sets of 5 to 7 readings were evaluated, the coefficient of variation for systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) exceeded 20% for 0% (Doppler), 11 % (STO), and 28% (HDO) of the sets of readings. After readings that exceeded a 20% coefficient of variation were discarded, repeatability was within 25 (Doppler), 37 (STO), and 39 (HDO) mm Hg for SAP. Correlation of mean values among the devices was between 0.47 and 0.63. Compared with Doppler readings, STO underestimated and HDO overestimated SAP. Limits of agreement between mean readings of any 2 devices were wide. With the hypertension scale used to score SAP, the intraclass correlation of scores was 0.48. Linear-weighted inter-rater reliability between scores was 0.40 (Doppler vs STO), 0.38 (Doppler vs HDO), and 0.29 (STO vs HDO).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study suggested that no meaningful clinical comparison can be made between blood pressure readings obtained from the same dog with different indirect blood pressure measurement devices.
Transdiaphragmatic extension of a retroperitoneal lipoma into the intrathoracic extrapleural space via the lumbocostal trigone in a dog
Authors: Klosterman Emily S. , Heng Hock Gan , Freeman Lynetta J. , Childress Michael O. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Case Description—An 8-year-old 12.2-kg (26.9-lb) spayed female American Cocker Spaniel was referred for evaluation of abdominal discomfort and a suspected intra-abdominal lipoma with possible invasion into the thorax.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed a tense abdomen, and the margins of a large abdominal mass could be appreciated. Abdominal imaging revealed a mass of fat opacity in the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Computed tomography with precontrast and postcontrast peritoneograms was used to determine whether the masses connected via a diaphragmatic defect.
Treatment and Outcome—Exploratory laparotomy revealed a retroperitoneal lipomatous mass that had focally invaded the hypaxial musculature and had extended across the dorsolateral aspect of the diaphragm via the lumbocostal trigone into the intrathoracic extrapleural space. Surgical resection required transdiaphragmatic thoracotomy. Histologic examination of excised tissue confirmed the preoperative diagnosis of a lipoma. The dog recovered from surgery with no complications and had no disease recurrence for at least 32 months after surgical resection.
Clinical Relevance—The defect of the lumbocostal trigone is also called the foramen of Bochdalek in humans, and it is recognized as a common location for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A lumbocostal trigone hernia may be considered as a differential diagnosis for bicavitary masses in dogs, particularly in the absence of a history of trauma.
Variations of clinical SPECT/CT operations
Authors: Wieder H. , Czernin J. , Navar B. N. , Israel O. , Beyer T. , Freudenberg L. S. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAim: This survey gathers information about clinical SPECT/CT operations worldwide to help guide standardization of clinical SPECT/ CT imaging. Methods: An international, webbased survey of SPECT/CT users was initiated in 12/2010 through an e-mail distribution. Users were asked 71 questions related to (A) demographics, (B) SPECT/CT operations/utilization and (C) variations in imaging protocols. Results: Collected responses originated from 117 imaging centers in the Americas (66%), Europe (20%), Asia-Pacific (11%) and the Middle-East (3%), with the majority of responding sites representing public health care institutions (69%). Most sites operate 1–2 SPECT/CT-systems (74%), typically installed in Nuclear Medicine departments (84%) with extensive prior SPECT-only experience (82%). Only 14% of SPECT/CTs are installed in Radiology departments. Clinical SPECT/CT imaging is performed either as routine (51%) or ad-hoc “add-on” procedure (49%) with a high inter-site and inter-examination variability. The main application of the integrated CT is to provide anatomical localization of the tracer uptake rather than to produce contrast enhanced or other high-quality CT images. Consequently, in only 22% of the sites a CT contrast injector is installed. Only 6% of centers use SPECT/CT devices for stand-alone CT procedures. Conclusion: An international survey among clinical SPECT/CT users revealed that SPECT/CT is a not a routine component of nuclear medicine procedures. The majority of the centers responding do not fully utilize the diagnostic potential of the CT components. Significant variations in standard imaging protocols were observed. These findings illustrate the need for training and standardization and underscore the need for revisiting the role of SPECT/CT in diagnostic imaging.
Development of 198 novel EST‐derived microsatellites in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)
Authors: He Xudong , Wang Yu , Li Fagen , Weng Qijie , Li Mei , Xu Li‐an , Shi Jisen , Gan Siming 
Published: April 2012

• Premise of the study: Expressed sequence tag (EST)–derived microsatellites were identified in Eucalyptus through screening the GenBank database. The loci were sequence‐verified and explored for polymorphism among 20 genotypes.• Methods and Results: In total, 198 novel microsatellites were developed from 8262 unigenes, with the identity of 73.6–100% to the original sequences and presence of the expected repeat motifs. One hundred and eighty‐four markers proved to be polymorphic among 10 E. urophylla and 10 E. tereticornis genotypes, with the number of alleles per locus, observed heterozygosity, and polymorphic information content being 2–17 (mean: 7.11), 0–1.0 (mean: 0.4511), and 0.0940–0.9131 (mean: 0.6571), respectively.• Conclusions: These markers will be useful for germplasm characterization, genome mapping, and gene tagging for economic traits in the two species examined and may have potential for genetic applications in Eucalyptus.