bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and chemical modification of magnetic nanoparticles covalently bound to polystyrene‐SiCl2‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine)
Authors: Serrano‐Ruiz David , Rangou Sofia , Avgeropoulos Apostolos , Zafeiropoulos Nikolaos E. , López‐Cabarcos Enrique , Rubio‐Retama Jorge 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe present article offers a new approach to create a multifunctional material based on magnetic nanoparticles, which can be dispersed in aqueous and organic media. The preparation of this material was performed by binding covalently polymer chains based on a reactive diblock‐copolymer of the polystyrene‐SiCl2‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) type, with average molecular weight per number (Mn) equal to 14,700 g/mol and a polydispersity index (PDI) less than 1.1, onto the surface of γ‐Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles. The dichlorosilane moiety of the diblock‐copolymer reacted with the OH groups of the magnetic nanoparticles immobilizing the polymer chain onto its surface. This reaction was monitored by FTIR and the polymer grafting density was determined by TGA and BET. Dynamic light scattering revealed that the hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles increased after immobilizing the polymer. Contact angle measurements demonstrated the ability of the hybrid material to interact with organic and aqueous media allowing its dispersion in solvents with different polarities. This property was used to prepare a magnetically active emulsion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1668–1675, 2010
Inorganic/organic polymer coatings for textiles to realize water repellent and antimicrobial properties—A study with respect to textile comfort
Authors: Mahltig B. , Fischer A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSiO2 coatings and inorganic/organic polymer hybrid coatings were applied onto textiles, and the textile properties were investigated with respect to parameters of textile comfort as stiffness, water uptake, and air permeability. Two different types of textiles (viscose and polyamide) were dip‐coated with coating solutions of a pure silica sol and a polymer‐modified silica sol. Only with low concentrated coating solutions a sufficient low stiffness and therefore an appropriate textile comfort could be realized. Analogously the water uptake of the treated textiles was decreased and sufficient high values were only reached with highly diluted coating solutions. Therefore, it was investigated whether such diluted coating solutions could be used for modification of textiles to add new beneficial properties. To reach hydrophobic textile properties one sol was modified with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane. For antimicrobial functionalization a second sol was modified with silver. It was shown, for the application of new textile properties like water repellency or antimicrobial activity only concentrations ≤1% were necessary. In this case, the increase of textile stiffness was appropriate low, so the textile comfort was preserved while new functional properties were applied. Therefore, the presented diluted coating agents could be appropriate means for textile refinement and offer new textile applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1562–1568, 2010
Inhibition of 5α‐reductase enhances testosterone‐induced expression of U19/Eaf2 tumor suppressor during the regrowth of LNCaP xenograft tumor in nude mice
Authors: Gupta Shubham , Wang Yujuan , Ramos‐Garcia Raquel , Shevrin Daniel , Nelson Joel B , Wang Zhou 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IADT) was developed to improve the quality of life and retard prostate cancer progression to castration resistance. IADT involves regrowth of the tumor during the off cycle upon testosterone recovery. Our previous studies showed that testosterone is more potent than dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the induction of a subset of androgen‐responsive genes during rat prostate regrowth. However, it is not clear if the same phenomenon would occur during androgen‐induced regrowth of prostate tumors. Understanding the differences between testosterone and DHT in inducing androgen‐responsive genes during prostate tumor regrowth may provide new insight for improving IADT.METHODSNude mice bearing androgen‐sensitive LNCaP xenograft were castrated and followed up for 7–10 days before being randomized into various androgen manipulations, consisting of continuous castration (C) or testosterone replacement (T) in the absence or presence of dutasteride (D), a 5α‐reductase inhibitor that blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT. Testes‐intact animals in the absence or presence of D were used as controls. The expression of five androgen‐responsive genes, including the tumor suppressor U19/Eaf2, was determined using real‐time RT‐PCR, 3 days after randomization.RESULTSIn LNCaP tumors, the expression of U19/Eaf2 was higher in the T+D group as compared with T alone (2.87‐fold, P < 0.05). In contrast, dutasteride treatment in testes‐intact animals inhibited the expression of U19/Eaf2.CONCLUSIONSInhibition of 5α‐reductase during LNCaP tumor regrowth enhanced the expression of U19/Eaf2, an androgen‐regulated tumor suppressor. This finding suggests that off cycle 5α‐reductase inhibition may enhance the efficacy of IADT. Prostate 70: 1575–1585, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in caveolae, caveolin, and polymerase 1 and transcript release factor (PTRF) expression in prostate cancer progression
Authors: Gould M.L. , Williams G. , Nicholson H.D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDCaveolae are specialized invaginations in the cell membrane involved in the regulation of cell transport and signal transduction. The aims of this study were to investigate the number of caveolae and expression of caveolae‐associated proteins, caveolin‐1 and ‐2, and polymerase 1 and transcript release factor (PTRF) with development of prostate cancer.METHODSTransmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the number of caveolae in normal human prostate stromal, epithelial cells, and androgen‐dependent (LNCaP) and androgen‐independent (PC3) cancer cell lines. Surgical tissue was obtained from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), well‐differentiated and poorly differentiated prostate cancer. Caveolin‐1, caveolin‐2, and PTRF expression was identified by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples and quantified by Western blot analysis in cell lines.RESULTSCaveolae were identified in normal epithelial and stromal prostate cells. The number of caveolae was significantly reduced in LNCaP and PC3 cells (P < 0.0001). PTRF was localized to stromal and epithelial cells in tissue from patients with BPH and in normal stromal and epithelial cells in vitro. PTRF expression was significantly decreased in LNCaP and PC3 cells and also in cancer tissue. In prostate tissue, caveolin‐1 and ‐2 expression appeared to increase in prostate cancer. Caveolin‐1 and ‐2 expression was decreased in LNCaP cells but caveolin‐2 expression was significantly increased in PC3 cells compared to normal epithelial cells.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that changes in the cell membrane involving loss of caveolae and PTRF expression occur with the development of prostate cancer. These changes are accompanied by an up‐regulation of caveolin‐2. Prostate 70: 1609–1621, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between three polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T, A1298C, and G1793A) gene and risk of prostate cancer: A case–control study
Authors: Safarinejad Mohammad Reza , Shafiei Nayyer , Safarinejad Shiva 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene are associated with prostate cancer risk.METHODSWe genotyped three MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T, A1298C, and G1793A) and measured serum total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, and vitamin B12 levels in a case–control study of 174 cases and 348 normal healthy controls. The cancer‐free controls were frequency matched to the cases by age (±2 years), educational level, occupational status, ethnicity, and smoking status.RESULTSWe found that the MTHFR 677TT and 1298CC genotypes were associated with an about 40% reduction in risk of prostate cancer (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41–0.94, and adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.32–0.91, respectively) compared to the 677CC, and 1298AA genotypes. The combined variant genotypes of 1298AC + 677CC were associated with a 30% reduction in risk of prostate cancer (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.53–0.79). In contrast, the variant genotypes of 1793GA + 677CT were associated with slightly increased risk for prostate cancer (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 0.86–2.15). Regarding prostate cancer aggressiveness, the 677TT genotype was associated with more than 50% decreased risk of high‐grade prostate cancer (Gleason score >7) compared with the 677CC and 677CT genotypes (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.24–0.64; P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in plasma levels of tHcy, folate, and vitamin B12 between the two groups with any genotypes.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that all three MTHFR polymorphisms may play a pivotal role in the developing prostate cancer. Larger studies in different ethnic populations and incorporating dietary folate intake are needed to replicate our findings. Prostate 70: 1645–1657, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New prospective for non‐invasive detection, grading, size evaluation, and tumor location of prostate cancer
Authors: Cortesi M. , Fridman E. , Volkov A. , Shilstein S. Sh. , Chechik R. , Breskin A. , Vartsky D. , Raviv G. , Ramon J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDPSA blood test and other present screening tools fail to provide the required sensitivity and specificity and, at early stages, lack correlation with tumor grade, volume, and location. Thus alternative approaches are highly desired. We present and assess a novel method for PCa detection, grading, volume evaluation and tumor location, based on non‐invasive zinc concentration mapping in the gland by means of a dedicated rectal probe.METHODSZinc‐concentration values measured in histologically examined tissue fragments from needle biopsy of 598 patients were analyzed. They were used to generate computer simulated zinc‐concentration maps, further analyzed with image‐processing tools. The tumor detection performances versus Gleason grade were assessed.RESULTSA significant increase of zinc depletion with increasing Gleason pattern (grade) classification was established. Tumor detection performance in zinc‐concentration maps progressively improves with the cancer's first component score. Reliable information on the location, size and Gleason‐grade combination of the lesion can be extracted for clinically relevant volumes.CONCLUSIONSZinc depletion in the prostate peripheral zone is the basis for a novel, non‐invasive PCa detection, localization, volume evaluation and grading method. Its realization and application as a pre‐biopsy and pre‐treatment examination, or a follow‐up tool, relies on the development of a dedicated transrectal probe. It should have significant impact on biopsy effectiveness, point at a possible extraprostatic extension and provide critical data for focal treatment. The information on tumor grade and distribution may have an important impact on disease management. Prostate 70: 1701–1708, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression correlation analysis predicts involvement of high‐ and low‐confidence risk genes in different stages of prostate carcinogenesis
Authors: Yano Kojiro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhole genome association studies have identified many loci associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PC). However, very few of the genes associated with these loci have been related to specific processes of prostate carcinogenesis. Therefore I inferred biological functions associated with these risk genes using gene expression correlation analysis.METHODSPC risk genes reported in the literature were classified as having high (P < 10−6), medium (P < 10−4), or low (P < 10−2) statistical confidence. Correlation coefficients of the expression levels between the risk genes and other genes in cancerous prostates samples were compared against those in normal prostates using a microarray dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus.RESULTSOverall, significant decrease of correlations in PC was observed between the levels of expression of the high‐confidence genes and other genes in the microarray dataset, whereas correlation between low‐confidence genes and other genes in PC showed smaller decrease. Genes involved in developmental processes were significantly correlated with all risk gene categories. Ectoderm development genes, which may be related to squamous metaplasia, and genes enriched in fetal prostate stem cells (PSCs) showed strong association with the high‐confidence genes. The association between the PSC genes and the low‐confidence genes was weak, but genes related to neural system genes showed strong association with low‐confidence genes.CONCLUSIONSThe high‐confidence risk genes may be associated with an early stage of prostate carcinogenesis, possibly involving PSCs and squamous metaplasia. The low‐confidence genes may be involved in a later stage of carcinogenesis. Prostate 70: 1746–1759, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In silico analysis and DHPLC screening strategy identifies novel apoptotic gene targets of aberrant promoter hypermethylation in prostate cancer
Authors: Murphy Therese M. , Sullivan Linda , Lane Caroline , O'Connor Lisa , Barrett Ciara , Hollywood Donal , Lynch Thomas , Lawler Mark , Perry Antoinette S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDAberrant DNA methylation has been implicated as a key survival mechanism in cancer, whereby promoter hypermethylation silences genes essential for many cellular processes including apoptosis. Limited data is available on the methylation profile of apoptotic genes in prostate cancer (CaP). The aim of this study was to profile methylation of apoptotic‐related genes in CaP using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC).METHODSBased on an in silico selection process, 13 genes were screened for methylation in CaP cell lines using DHPLC. Quantitative methylation specific PCR was employed to determine methylation levels in prostate tissue specimens (n = 135), representing tumor, histologically benign prostate, high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Gene expression was measured by QRT‐PCR in cell lines and tissue specimens.RESULTSThe promoters ofBIK,BNIP3,cFLIP,TMS1,DCR1,DCR2, andCDKN2Aappeared fully or partially methylated in a number of malignant cell lines. This is the first report of aberrant methylation ofBIK,BNIP3, andcFLIPin CaP. Quantitative methylation analysis in prostate tissues identified 5 genes (BNIP3,CDKN2A,DCR1,DCR2andTMS1) which were frequently methylated in tumors but were unmethylated in 100% of benign tissues. Furthermore, 69% of tumors were methylated in at least one of the five‐gene panel. In the case of all genes, exceptBNIP3, promoter hypermethylation was associated with concurrent downregulation of gene expression.CONCLUSIONFuture examination of this “CaP apoptotic methylation signature” in a larger cohort of patients is justified to further evaluate its value as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Prostate 71: 1–7, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and non‐safety data link technology characterization for NEWSKY aeronautical communication network
Authors: Leconte Katia , Díaz Núria Riera , Schrekenbach Frank , Platt Philip 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA review and characterization of possible air/ground data link technologies for aeronautical cockpit and cabin communications is presented in this study. The study was performed in the framework of the EC project NEWSKY, which aims at defining an integrated network based on IPv6 protocol, supporting both cockpit and cabin communications over different data link sub‐networks. The objective of this study is to characterize the data link technologies that could be interfaced with such a network, either for safety (cockpit) or for non‐safety (cabin) communications and to define some high‐level categories gathering technologies with common characteristics. These categories were defined to enable the NEWSKY network to interface with a large range of data link technologies, both current and future. They describe typical characteristics for the sub‐networks data links for which the networking solutions are defined.For this purpose, a thorough review of candidate technologies for cabin and cockpit applications was performed and is presented hereafter. It covers a large range of terrestrial (direct air–ground) or satellite solutions, with an emphasis on the satellite communication technologies that have more specific characteristics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cortisol variability and self‐reports in the measurement of work‐related stress
Authors: Karlson Björn , Eek Frida , Hansen Åse Marie , Garde Anne Helene , Ørbæk Palle 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe examined whether a high cortisol awakening response (CAR) and low cortisol decline over the day (CDD) are related to self‐reported work stress and well‐being, and whether there are gender differences in these relationships. Three hundred eighty‐three working men and women responded to a survey measuring job stress factors, mastery at work, symptoms and well‐being. Salivary cortisol was sampled at awakening, after 45 min and at 21:00, from which the variables CAR and CDD were defined. A high CAR was associated with lower perceived job control and work mastery, and poorer well‐being. Low CDD was associated only with higher job demands, but the self‐report scores showed a number of interactions between cortisol group and gender. Among women, those showing a low CDD, compared with those with a higher CDD, had more favourable scores on a number of job stress factors and symptom load. In contrast, among men, a similar comparison showed those with low CDD to have poorer scores on job stress factors and symptom load. We conclude that individuals displaying high CAR or low CDD differ from those not displaying these cortisol profiles in self‐report of work stress and well‐being, and that gender differences appear in these relationships. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling Study of the Vortex and Short Circuit Flow Effect on Inclusion Removal in a Slab Tundish
Authors: García‐Hernández S. , Barreto J. de J. , Ramos‐Banderas J. A. , Solorio‐Diaz G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA mathematical model was developed to study effects of the vortex and the short circuit flow phenomena during tundish operation on the inclusion removal for a wide range of particle diameters. The model was solved using FLUENT® commercial software; for the particle tracking the Lagrangian discrete phase model was employed. Even when the vortexes drag about 50% of the inclusions, the most detrimental phenomenon for inclusion removal is the short circuit flow. It is important to stress that for the global inclusion behavior the removal rate decreases as the tundish level increases. It can be concluded that when increasing the tundish capacity without any flow control device adjustment, the steel cleanliness is deteriorated significantly.
Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of a Thin‐walled Cast Duplex Steel
Authors: Petzold L. , Minnich D. , Kreschel T. , Peisker D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe paper investigates the microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties of a duplex steel cast in sand dead‐moulds. The chemical composition and the cooling rate are the main parameters affecting the properties. The chemical composition influences the thermodynamics of the phase transformation, the cooling rate determines the kinetics of formation of the microstructure. The latter varies with changes in wall thickness (investigated from 2 to 7 mm) and the position of the material within the casting. Through heat treatment, the composition of the microstructural components can be changed selectively afterwards, thereby the properties are improved. The correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties is explained quantitatively. Additionally to the austenite‐ferrite ratio, the dispersion of microstructure has a large influence on the mechanical properties. Ranges of chemical composition and heat treatment parameters are identified where third phases, such as carbides and σ‐phase tend to occur. These influence the properties very sensitively even in small amounts. Finally, structural parameters are recognized that will lead to optimal combinations of properties. With an appropriate heat treatment technique, in particular the ductility properties are further increased.
Transient Flow and Inclusion Removal in Gas Stirred Ladle during Teeming Process
Authors: Qu T. , Jiang M. , Liu C. , Komizo Y. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA water model of a typical 150t ladle was designed and constructed to determine the flow characteristics. A kind of organic emulsion was selected to model nonmetallic inclusion particles with the purpose of studying the inclusion removal effect under gas blowing in a teeming ladle. The presented modeling method for inclusion particles in the teeming process is different from those under steady condition. The numerical simulation was performed by using commercial software with the Eulerian‐Eulerian multiphase model applied to a model gas blown through a ladle. The numerical component of this study was conducted aiming at exploring the transient flow characteristics in teeming ladle corresponding to the physical experimental condition. Under the present conditions the authors came to the conclusion that soft gas blowing (2.7∼4.0 × 10−6 m3/s) was favourable to float inclusion particles into the slag layer. It is suggested to end the gas blowing when the drainage percentage reaches 50%.
Influence of Temperature Evolution on Precipitation Behaviour of Second Phase Particles in Grain‐oriented Electrical Steels
Authors: Mao W. , An Z. , Guo W. , Yang P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA model concerning dynamic precipitation of second phase particles during hot deformation of conventional grain‐oriented electrical steels is proposed. The model involves the solid solubility of the elements forming MnS, the corresponding nucleation driving force, as well as the evolution of dislocation densities during hot deformation, which supplies sites for heterogeneous nucleation of MnS particles. The model describes the dynamic process in which temperature keeps decreasing and dislocation density keeps increasing. The influences of reheating temperature, initial rolling temperature, finishing temperature and deformation duration on the precipitation behaviour are involved. Calculations have been conducted based on the model, to simulate the precipitation behaviour of MnS particles during hot rolling of grain‐orientated electrical steels under different parameters. The results indicate that hot rolling is very important for dispersive precipitation of MnS particles. The increase of particle density is promoted by proper increase of reheating temperature or proper reduction of initial and finishing rolling temperature, in which the driving force and dislocation density are increased. The simulation results agree basically with the experimental observations in hot strip of a grain oriented electrical steel.