bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of human inositol phosphate multikinase is influenced by CK2 phosphorylation
Authors: Meyer Rüdiger , Nalaskowski Marcus M. , Ehm Patrick , Schröder Constantin , Naj Xenia , Brehm Maria A. , Mayr Georg W. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Human inositol phosphate multikinase (IPMK) is a multifunctional protein in cellular signal transduction, namely, a multispecific inositol phosphate kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and a scaffold within the mTOR-raptor complex. To fulfill these nuclear and cytoplasmic functions, intracellular targeting of IPMK needs to be regulated. We show here that IPMK, which has been considered to be a preferentially nuclear protein, is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, whose nuclear export is mediated by classical nuclear export receptor CRM1. We identified a functional nuclear export signal (NES) additionally to its previously described nuclear import signal (NLS). Furthermore, we describe a mechanism by which the activity of the IPMK-NLS is controlled. Protein kinase CK2 binds endogenous IPMK and phosphorylates it at serine 284. Interestingly, this phosphorylation can decrease nuclear localization of IPMK cell type specifically. A controlled nuclear import of IPMK may direct its actions either toward nuclear inositol phosphate (InsPx) metabolism or cytoplasmic actions on InsPx, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2], as well as mTOR-raptor.
Apolipoprotein A5 internalized by human adipocytes modulates cellular triglyceride content
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Yan , Zhao Shui-Ping , Yu Bi-Lian , Wu Chen-Lu , Liu Ling 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5), an important determinant of plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, has been recently reported to modulate TG metabolism in hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated whether apoA5 can be internalized by adipocytes and regulate cellular TG storage. Human preadipocytes, derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients undergoing abdominal surgery, were differentiated into mature adipocytes. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that apoA5 was internalized into human adipocytes, and ∼70% of the apoA5 internalized during the pulse remained intracellular within a 24-h chase, while 30% was degraded. Preincubation with heparin and the receptor-associated protein, both of which prevented the apoA5 interaction with members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family, markedly reduced the uptake of apoA5 by 61% and 52%, respectively, which were subsequently confirmed by Western blot analysis. Using confocal microscopy, we demonstrated that labeled apoA5 surrounded lipid droplets in human adipocytes and colocalized with the known lipid droplet protein perilipin. Importantly, treatment of adipocytes with apoA5 significantly decreased cellular TG storage. In conclusion, apoA5 can be internalized by human adipocytes and may act as a novel regulator to control TG storage in human adipocytes.
Mammalian carboxylesterase (CES) releases GPI-anchored proteins from the cell surface upon lipid raft fluidization
Authors: Orihashi Kaoru , Tojo Hiromasa , Okawa Katsuya , Tashima Yuko , Morita Takashi , Kondoh Gen 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterase (CES) is well known as a biotransformation enzyme for prodrugs and xenobiotics. Here, we purified CES as a GPI-anchored protein (GPI-AP)-releasing factor (GPIase) that releases such protein from the cell surface. All five isoforms of CES showed this activity to various degrees. When the serine residue of the catalytic triad for esterase was replaced by alanine, esterase activity was completely disrupted, while full GPIase activity remained, suggesting that these two activities are exhibited via different mechanisms. CES6, a new class of mammalian CES, exhibited the highest GPIase activity and released specific GPI-APs from the cell surface after lipid raft fluidization. The released product contained a GPI component, indicating that GPI-AP was released by cleavage in GPI. These results revealed for the first time that CES recognizes and catalyzes macromolecule GPI-AP as well as small molecules.
Ein einfaches weich strukturvariables Anti-Windup
Authors: Ortseifen Andreas , Adamy Jürgen 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt eine neue, nichtlineare Anti-Windup-Maßnahme für lineare Systeme vor, die auf der weich strukturvariablen Zustandsregelung mittels impliziter Ljapunov-Funktionen basiert. Durch die variable Struktur des Anti-Windup (AW) kann zum einen die Regelgüte im Vergleich zu linearen AW-Ansätzen beträchtlich gesteigert werden. Der Vorteil gegenüber existierenden strukturvariablen AW-Strategien ist zum anderen ein geringerer Entwurfsaufwand und eine einfacher zu implementierende Regelstrategie bei gleicher Regelgüte, wie anhand eines Beispiel demonstriert wird.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation von Hydraulikventilen mit virtuellen Verbrauchern
Authors: Trachte Adrian , Albrecht Andreas 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Um Mobilhydraulikventile anwendungsnah ohne großen Aufwand zu testen, wird hier das Konzept der Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) Simulation verwendet. Die Rückwirkungen der Last auf das Ventil werden über eine Druckregelung aufgeprägt. Da in der Anwendung aufgrund von ziehenden Lasten auch Unterdrücke auftreten können, muss sowohl Unter- als auch Überdruck geregelt werden. Im Artikel wird dazu ein HiL-Konzept und eine nichtlineare strukturumschaltende Druckregelung vorgestellt. Abschließend werden experimentelle Daten einer HiL-Simulation gezeigt und mit Messungen am realen System verglichen.
Anomaly Detection at “supersonic” Speed
Authors: Grozea Cristian , Laskov Pavel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Anomaly-based methods of intrusion detection are gaining increasing interest among IT-security practitioners. Unlike the traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS) based on pattern matching they are capable of detecting previously unknown attacks without any knowledge about attack signatures. For practical deployment, not only accuracy but also the computational performance is crucial. A deployed IDS must be able to process traffic volumes of several Gbps, which is typical for network infrastructure nodes. Most of the previously proposed anomaly-based IDS have not specifically addressed performance issues. Moreover, it has been widely believed that no anomaly-based system with full analysis of packet payload can reach a “sound barrier” of 1 Gbps. In this contribution, we show that using a careful selection of algorithms and common parallelization techniques, the performance of well over 1 Gbps is possible for a wide range of methods based on a metric embedding of packet/connection payloads. After a brief introduction to the embedding techniques, we describe the specific algorithms and data structures for a high-performance implementation of such methods. We present experiments on large-scale traces of real network traffic that demonstrate that processing rates of over 4 Gbps can be attained by our methods on commodity multi-core processors.
Automatic Adaptation of User Interfaces to Cultural Preferences
Authors: Reinecke Katharina 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Our culture strongly affects which Web sites we perceive as beautiful and usable, and we are less likely to engage with those that we don´t. With today´s Internet users coming from a variety of cultural backgrounds, it is not realistic to provide one interface design that is perceived as appealing by everyone. We therefore developed an approach to cultural adaptivity, which enables an automatic composition of personalized interfaces by taking into account a user´s current and former countries of residences. To exemplify the approach, we created a Web application that offers more than 115000 different versions of its interface in order to adequately adapt to various combinations of different national cultures. Our evaluations of the Web application with participants from Rwanda, Switzerland, and Thailand, as well as with multicultural users from all over the world, demonstrated that the approach is able to anticipate 61% of user preferences on average (compared to 33% that the system achieved when randomly generating its interfaces). Moreover, the results of an experiment with 41 multicultural participants showed that they were significantly faster with their personalized version compared to a standard US interface, they needed fewer clicks to complete tasks, and made fewer errors. These results were also supported by participants´ subjective impressions of appeal and work efficiency, showing that cultural adaptivity is a feasible way to increase the user experience for a multicultural audience.
The Outcome of ELBW Infants Treated With NCPAP and InSurE in a Resource-Limited Institution
Authors: Kirsten Gerhardus Francois , Kirsten Cheryl Linda , Henning Philippus Arnold , Smith Johan , Holgate Sandi Lee , Bekker Adrie , Kali Gugulabatembunamahlubi Tenjiwe Jabulile , Harvey Justin 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) plus intubation, surfactant, and extubation (InSurE) with the option of back-up ventilation for those infants for whom noninvasive ventilatory support failed resulted in a significant increase in survival in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. The authors sought to determine the outcome of ELBW infants treated with NCPAP and InSurE in a neonatal high care ward with limited back-up ventilation.

METHODS:
Three hundred eighteen inborn infants with birth weight 500–1000 g and gestational age ≥25 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal high care ward were included in this observational study. InSurE was administered to infants with respiratory distress syndrome on NCPAP who had severe in-drawing and recession, apneic spells, or an Fio2 &gt;0.4 within 1 hour of birth.

RESULTS:
Two hundred twelve (68.6%) infants could be treated with NCPAP only and 97 (31.4%) required InSurE. Seventeen infants were admitted to the NICU; 90%, 87%, and 74.8% of the infants survived until day 3, 7, and discharge, respectively. Only 2 infants developed a pneumothorax and 2 had chronic lung disease. Seventy-nine percent of the infants of ≥750 g or &gt;26 weeks’ gestation survived to discharge compared with 56% and 60% of the infants of &lt;750 g or ≤26 weeks’ gestation, respectively. Maternal antenatal steroid administration contributed significantly to the survival of the infants (P = 0.0017, odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.44–5.07).

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of NCPAP and InSurE in a neonatal high care ward with limited resources can improve the survival of ELBW infants. Maternal antenatal steroid administration contributed significantly to survival.
Language Functions in Preterm-Born Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: van Noort-van der Spek Inge L. , Franken Marie-Christine J. P. , Weisglas-Kuperus Nynke 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Preterm-born children (&lt;37 weeks’ gestation) have higher rates of language function problems compared with term-born children. It is unknown whether these problems decrease, deteriorate, or remain stable over time. The goal of this research was to determine the developmental course of language functions in preterm-born children from 3 to 12 years of age.

METHODS:
Computerized databases Embase, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and PsycInfo were searched for studies published between January 1995 and March 2011 reporting language functions in preterm-born children. Outcome measures were simple language function assessed by using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and complex language function assessed by using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals. Pooled effect sizes (in terms of Cohen’s d) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for simple and complex language functions were calculated by using random-effects models. Meta-regression was conducted with mean difference of effect size as the outcome variable and assessment age as the explanatory variable.

RESULTS:
Preterm-born children scored significantly lower compared with term-born children on simple (d = –0.45 [95% CI: –0.59 to –0.30]; P &lt; .001) and on complex (d = –0.62 [95% CI: –0.82 to –0.43]; P &lt; .001) language function tests, even in the absence of major disabilities and independent of social economic status. For complex language function (but not for simple language function), group differences between preterm- and term-born children increased significantly from 3 to 12 years of age (slope = –0.05; P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS:
While growing up, preterm-born children have increasing difficulties with complex language function.
Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure and Childhood Behavior Problems at 3 and 5 Years of Age
Authors: LaGasse Linda L. , Derauf Chris , Smith Lynne M. , Newman Elana , Shah Rizwan , Neal Charles , Arria Amelia , Huestis Marilyn A. , DellaGrotta Sheri , Lin Hai , Dansereau Lynne M. , Lester Barry M. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:
We evaluated behavior problems in children who were prenatally exposed to methamphetamine (MA) at ages 3 and 5 years.

METHODS:
The Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle study, a prospective, longitudinal study of prenatal MA exposure and child outcome, enrolled subjects postpartum in Los Angeles, California; Honolulu, Hawaii; Des Moines, Iowa; and Tulsa, Oklahoma. Prenatal exposure was determined by maternal self-report and/or meconium results. Exposed and comparison groups were matched on race, birth weight, public health insurance, and education. Mothers in the comparison group denied use and had a negative meconium screen for amphetamines. Prenatal exposures to tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana occurred in both groups. At ages 3 and 5 years, 330 children (166 exposed and 164 comparison) were assessed for behavior problems by using the caregiver report on the Child Behavior Checklist. General linear mixed models were used to determine the effects of prenatal MA exposure, including heavy exposure (≥3 days per week), age, and the interaction of exposure and age on behavior problems with adjustment for other drugs of abuse and environmental risk factors.

RESULTS:
MA exposure was associated with increased emotional reactivity and anxious/depressed problems at both ages and externalizing and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder problems by age 5 years. Heavy exposure was related to attention problems and withdrawn behavior at both ages. There were no effects of MA on the internalizing or total behavior problems scales.

CONCLUSIONS:
This first report of behavior problems in patients as young as 3 years associated with MA exposure identifies an important public health problem. Continued follow-up can inform the development of preventive intervention programs.
Congruence of Reproductive Concerns Among Adolescents With Cancer and Parents: Pilot Testing an Adapted Instrument
Authors: Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Knapp Caprice , Murphy Devin , Sawczyn Kelly , Sender Leonard 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:To identify whether a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument intended to capture reproductive concerns is sensitive and appropriate for adolescent patients with cancer.METHODS:Pilot testing was completed by administering a 10-item instrument designed to identify reproductive concerns of female adolescent patients with cancer aged 12–18. Parents were also asked to predict their daughters’ responses. Fourteen patients and parents participated. The main outcome measures were language, relevance, accuracy, sensitivity, and missing content regarding the HRQoL instrument. Two pediatric hospitals and 1 local support group for patients and survivors served as the setting for this study.RESULTS:The majority of parents provided inaccurate predictions of their daughters’ responses regarding their reproductive concerns. Overall, parents underestimated their daughters’ concerns because the majority of adolescents reported a strong desire for future parenthood whereas parents expected their daughters to be satisfied with survivorship.CONCLUSIONS:Adolescent patients with cancer have strong reproductive concerns; however, this may not be captured on current HRQoL instruments and may be further neglected due to parents’ unawareness. Discussions should be encouraged with adolescent patients before beginning treatment regarding their concerns and values about parenting in the future and cannot rely on parent-proxy reports.
Limitations and Opportunities of Transcutaneous Bilirubin Measurements
Authors: Bosschaart Nienke , Kok Joke H. , Newsum Astrid M. , Ouweneel Dagmar M. , Mentink Rosaline , van Leeuwen Ton G. , Aalders Maurice C. G. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Although transcutaneous bilirubinometers have existed for over 30 years, the clinical utility of the technique is limited to a screening method for hyperbilirubinemia, rather than a replacement for invasive blood sampling. In this study, we investigate the reason for this limited clinical value and address possibilities for improvement.

METHODS:
To obtain better insight into the physiology of bilirubin measurements, we evaluated a transcutaneous bilirubinometer that determines not only the cutaneous bilirubin concentration (TcB) but also the blood volume fraction (BVF) in the investigated skin volume. For 49 neonates (gestational age 30 ± 3.1 weeks, postnatal age 6 [4–10] days) at our NICU, we performed 124 TcB and 55 BVF measurements.

RESULTS:
The TcB correlated well with the total serum bilirubin concentration (TSB) (r = 0.88) with an uncertainty of 55 µmol/L. The BVF in the measured skin volume ranged between 0.1% and 0.75%.

CONCLUSIONS:
The performance of our bilirubinometer is comparable to existing transcutaneous devices. The limited clinical value of current bilirubinometers can be explained by the low BVF in the skin volume that is probed by these devices. Because the TcB depends for over 99% on the contribution of extravascular bilirubin, it is a physiologically different parameter from the TSB. Hence, the standard method of evaluation that compares the TcB to the TSB is insufficient to fully investigate the clinical value of transcutaneous bilirubinometers, ie, their predictive value for kernicterus. We suggest that the clinical value may be improved considerably by changing either the method of evaluation or the technological design of transcutaneous bilirubinometers.
Shifts in BMI Category and Associated Cardiometabolic Risk: Prospective Results From HEALTHY Study
Authors: Marcus Marsha D. , Foster Gary D. , El ghormli Laure , Baranowski Tom , Goldberg Linn , Jago Russell , Linder Barbara , Steckler Allan , Treviño Roberto 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate shifts across BMI categories and associated changes in cardiometabolic risk factors over 2.5 years in an ethnically diverse middle school sample.

METHODS:
As part of HEALTHY, a multisite school-based study designed to mitigate risk for type 2 diabetes, 3993 children participated in health screenings at the start of sixth and end of eighth grades. Assessments included anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and glucose, insulin, and lipids. Students were classified as underweight, healthy weight, overweight, obese, or severely obese. Mixed models controlling for school intervention status and covariates were used to evaluate shifts in BMI category over time and the relation between these shifts and changes in risk factors.

RESULTS:
At baseline, students averaged 11.3 (±0.6) years; 47.6% were boys, 59.6% were Hispanic, and 49.8% were overweight or obese. Shifts in BMI category over time were common. For example, 35.7% of youth who were overweight moved to the healthy weight range, but 13% in the healthy weight range became overweight. BMI shifts were not associated with school intervention condition, household education, or youth gender, race/ethnicity, pubertal status, or changes in height. Increases in BMI category were associated with worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors, and decreases were associated with improvements. Boys who increased BMI category were more vulnerable to negative risk factor changes than girls.

CONCLUSIONS:
There are substantial shifts across BMI categories during middle school that are associated with clinically meaningful changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Programs to promote decreases in BMI and prevent increases are clearly warranted.
Decline in Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis in Germany in 2000–2008
Authors: de Laffolie Jan , Turial Salmai , Heckmann Matthias , Zimmer Klaus-Peter , Schier Felix 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is highly variable over time and geographic regions. A decline in IHPS incidence was recently reported in Sweden, the United States, Denmark, and Scotland. In Sweden, the IHPS decline seemed to be concurrent with a declining incidence in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), which suggested a common cause; the latter was attributed to campaigns against the prone sleeping position. We investigated the time course of the IHPS incidence in all German federal states (N = 16) between 2000 and 2008. We examined correlations between the IHPS incidence and the SIDS incidence.METHODS:Data were extracted from the public report of health (Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes). We collected the numbers of IHPS (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10], code 40.0), SIDS (ICD-10, R95), and live births (LB; male/female) in each federal state for 2000–2008.RESULTS:The IHPS incidence declined in Germany from 2000 (3.2086/1000 LB [range: 1.67–5.33]) to 2008 (2.0175/1000 LB [1.74–3.72]; P = .005). The recorded incidence was highly variable in different federal states and over time. The SIDS incidence also declined during the same time period (2000, median: 0.759/1000 LB [interquartile range: 0.54–1.029]; 2008, median: 0.416/1000 LB [interquartile range: 0.285–0.6485]; P = .0255). However, the SIDS regional distribution was different from that of IHPS.CONCLUSIONS:The IHPS incidence declined by ∼38% nationwide. A parallel decline in SIDS displayed a different pattern in regional distribution; thus, a common cause was unlikely. The regional differences indicated that etiologic factors remained unresolved.
Anomalous Diffusion of Intrinsic Defects in K+ Implanted ZnO using Li as Tracer
Authors: Vines L. , Neuvonen P.T. , Kuznetsov A. Yu. , Wong-Leung J. , Jagadish C. , Svensson B.G. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPotassium (K) ions have been implanted in hydrothermally grown ZnO to a dose of 1 × 1015 cm-2, followed by isochronal annealing in a tube furnace (30min) and by rapid thermal annealing (30s) on two separate samples. For annealing temperatures below 700°C, only a minor redistribution of Li is observed behind the projected range of the K+ ions. At temperatures between 700 and 750°C, however, both annealing treatments show a wide region behind the implantation peak which is depleted of Li, and this depletion is used as a tracer to monitor diffusion of intrinsic defects like the Zn interstitial. The results are interpreted as Zn interstitials being released from the implanted region in a burst at temperatures above ∼700°C, followed by rapid migration, replacement of Li on Zn site through the kick-out mechanism, and migration of Li away from the active region.