bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating partner professionals. The Early Explorers project: Peers Early Education Partnership and the health visiting service
Authors: Barlow J. , Coe C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  A range of voluntary sector organizations are involved in the delivery of services to children, particularly within the Early Year's sector and children's centres. Peers Early Education Partnership (PEEP) Early Explorers project is one example of the way in which explicit partnerships are being forged across statutory and voluntary sectors with the aim of improving outcomes for children and families. This paper reports an exploration of stakeholder views and experiences of two Early Explorer clinics located in areas of high deprivation.Methods  Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of stakeholders (n= 25) from children's centres, PEEP, the health visiting service and service users. Data were fully transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach.Results  The data suggest that the two key groups of stakeholders providing Early Explorer clinics (i.e. health visitors and PEEP practitioners) had quite different objectives in terms of their early goals for the clinic, but that despite these differences good progress was achieved in terms of working together effectively. All stakeholders including service users referred to the presence of PEEP as having improved the quality of the clinic environment, and participating mothers identified a wide range of benefits from the enhanced service. However, somewhat restricted views about the role of practitioners within the clinics were identified by users, and the findings suggest that although the early goals for the clinic had been exceeded, these may have been limited in terms of true ‘partnership’ working.Conclusions  Early Explorer clinics appeared to have enhanced the service provided within traditional child health clinics and to have provided practitioners with access to hard‐to‐reach families and parents with access to services that are consistent with the broader policy aims of improving parent–infant interaction. However, questions remain as to whether the benefit of ‘partnership’ working was fully realized.
Time use patterns in ambulatory adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Maher C. , Kernot J. , Olds T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  No studies to date have examined the daily time spent across a variety of activity types (sleep, screen time, physical activity, domestic and school‐related) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Aim  To investigate the activity patterns of adolescents with CP and contrast them with those of typically developing (TD) adolescents, using a use‐of‐time approach.Methods  Forty‐one Australian adolescents with CP and 82 TD adolescents matched for age, sex, weight status and socio‐economic status undertook structured interviews using a validated computerized use of time recall administered over 4 days. Time devoted to sleep, screen time, physical activity, domestic and school‐related activity were compared using anova and Mann–Whitney tests.Results  Adolescents with CP spent less time in physical activity (91 vs. 147 min/day, P= 0.0003), and in particular, its sub‐components of active transport (28 vs. 52 min/day, P= 0.0013) and team sports (25 vs. 39 min/day, P= 0.04). They experienced significantly more quiet time (116 vs. 80 min/day, P= 0.0025) but spent less time in social interaction (6 vs. 22 min/day, P= 0.0016). There were no significant differences in sleep, screen time, domestic activities or school‐related time.Conclusions  By and large, the activity patterns of ambulatory adolescents with CP were similar to their TD peers. Results highlight physical activity in younger adolescents (11–13 years) as an area for targeted interventions.
Factors affecting white spruce and aspen survival after partial harvest
Authors: Solarik Kevin A. , Volney W. Jan A. , Lieffers Victor J. , Spence John R. , Hamann Andreas 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. Variable retention harvest is an increasingly popular management alternative to clear‐cutting in boreal forest ecosystems. This harvest system retains a portion of the mature trees to maintain structural elements of the forest and preserve biodiversity. Residual trees must, however, survive in the post‐harvest environment to realize these benefits. Here, we investigate which tree and stand characteristics are associated with high survival to aid foresters in designing harvesting prescriptions.2. We conducted an operational‐scale experiment broadly representative of western North American boreal forests. Treatments were four overstorey compositions (ranging from deciduous to conifer dominated) and five rates of canopy retention (10%, 20%, 50%, 75% and a 100% control). Factors affecting mortality were analysed for the leading tree species (aspenPopulus tremuloidesMichx. and white sprucePicea glauca(Moench) Voss 5 and 10 years after harvest.3. Mortality of residual aspen was highest in 10% and 20% retention treatments withc.30% mortality after 5 years andc.50% after 10 years. At year 5, most of the dead trees remained upright as snags (87%), but by year 10,c.40% of dead trees had fallen. By contrast, mortality was much lower in the 50% and 75% retention treatments, and similar to that of the unharvested control. Results for white spruce mortality were similar, except the shallow‐rooted spruce that was more susceptible to be blown down.4. Regression tree analysis was used to identify individual tree attributes that predict 5‐ and 10‐year survival. Mortality was higher for trees with a low percentage of live crown and high height/diameter ratio, when trees were very tall or were close to machine corridors. Smaller residual spruce trees from deciduous‐dominated stands had the lowest mortality rates.5. Synthesis and application. Where live trees are critical elements of wildlife habitat, forest managers should maintain ≥50% in retention harvest systems. At lower levels of retention (≤20%), mortality can be reduced if foresters select retention trees that are stout, possess large live crowns and are small to intermediate in size. These factors can be used to help design partial harvest systems for effective biodiversity conservation strategies.
Large tufa mounds, Searles Lake, California
Authors: GUO XUAN , CHAFETZ HENRY S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMounds that have formed around spring vents occur in a variety of environmental settings, many at sites generally difficult or inaccessible for sampling. In contrast, over 500 tufa mounds occur in the dry bed of Searles Lake, California. The mounds range from minor features to 45 m in height; most are 5 to 12 m high. These mounds, composed of calcite and aragonite, formed associated with spring vents in the Pleistocene lake bottom. Thus, analyses of these mounds in Searles Lake provide a model with regard to the origin and architecture of tufa mounds. The mounds consist of four distinctive tufa facies. The initial deposits consist of porous tufa, including the innermost (porous 1) and the outermost (porous 2) deposits, followed by nodular tufa, then columnar tufa, and laminated crusts. There are two simple sequences of tufa deposition. The first sequence is from porous 1 to nodular to laminated crusts and, finally, to porous 2. A second sequence consists of: porous 1 to columnar to laminated crusts and, lastly, to porous 2. Facies changes are a response to changes in environmental conditions from deep water (porous 1 facies) to an essentially dry lake phase (during and after the formation of laminated crusts facies), to deep water (porous 2 facies) and, at the present time, totally dry. The primary constituents that comprise the tufa deposits include thin laminae, pisoids, spherulites, peloids and stromatolite‐like crusts. On the microscopic scale, these constituents dominantly make up nano‐spheres, micro‐rods and rod‐like crystals, as well as other calcified bodies. These constituents are interpreted to be the calcified remains of bacterial bodies. These findings suggest that microbial participation in the construct of other mounds should be a major concern of investigation, both for terrestrial and extraterrestrial spring‐fed mounds.
Can Moroccan Atlas lithospheric thinning and volcanism be induced by Edge‐Driven Convection?
Authors: Missenard Yves , Cadoux Anita 
Published: November 2011

Terra Nova, 24, 27–33, 2012AbstractThe Moroccan lithosphere is characterized by an anomalously thinned area, located beneath the Atlas domains, which forms a singular narrow NE–SW directed strip overlain by Cenozoic alkaline volcanism. The origin of this thinning and volcanism is still a matter of debate. The proposed models invoke processes either related to the Mediterranean slab or mantle plumes. Herein, we propose an alternative Edge‐Driven Convection (EDC) model involving small‐scale convection at the boundary between the West‐African craton and the Atlas lithosphere. Our comparison of the Atlas lithosphere velocity and volcanism episodes during the last 80 Ma points out that volcanism occurs when plate moves at velocities c.<1 cm a−1, a velocity sufficiently low to trigger EDC. This is the first process that could explain the c. 20 Ma volcanism shutdown separating the two volcanic episodes of the Atlas. In addition, it may successfully account for the lithosphere thinning location and geometry and volcanism geochemistry.
A PPR‐DYW protein is required for splicing of a group II intron of cox1 pre‐mRNA in Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Ichinose Mizuho , Tasaki Eiji , Sugita Chieko , Sugita Mamoru 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein family is involved in various steps of RNA metabolism in plastids and mitochondria. To investigate the function of a DYW sub‐class PPR protein in the moss Physcomitrella patens, we constructed and characterized knockout mutants of the PpPPR_43 gene, which encodes a mitochondrial localized PPR protein with a C‐terminal DYW domain. The disruptants showed poor growth of moss protonemata. To investigate whether mitochondrial transcripts were affected by disruption of PpPPR_43, we sequenced the cDNA to detect RNA editing events and performed RT‐PCR analyses to measure steady‐state mitochondrial transcript levels. Disruption of PpPPR_43 did not result in defective RNA editing, but a substantial reduction in the level of mature cox1 transcript was observed in the disruptants. RT‐PCR analysis showed that the 3rd intron of cox1 pre‐mRNA was not spliced out in the disruptants, but the 1st, 2nd and 4th introns were efficiently spliced out. This suggests that PpPPR_43 is an intron 3‐specific splicing factor. The role of the C‐terminal domains of PpPPR_43 in intron 3 splicing was analyzed by complementation experiments with truncated constructs lacking the DYW domain or both the E and DYW domains. Both truncated genes completely restored splicing in the PpPPR_43 knockout mutant. This indicates that the E and DYW domains of PpPPR_43 are not required for splicing, and can be deleted without loss of cox1 intron 3 splicing.
Duet Function in the Yellow‐Naped Amazon, Amazona auropalliata: Evidence From Playbacks of Duets and Solos
Authors: Dahlin Christine R. , Wright Timothy F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe question of why animals participate in duets is an intriguing one, as many such displays appear to be more costly to produce than individual signals. Mated pairs of yellow‐naped amazons, Amazona auropalliata, give duets on their nesting territories. We investigated the function of those duets with a playback experiment. We tested two hypotheses for the function of those duets: the joint territory defense hypothesis and the mate‐guarding hypothesis, by presenting territorial pairs with three types of playback treatments: duets, male solos, and female solos. The joint territory defense hypothesis suggests that individuals engage in duets because they appear more threatening than solos and are thus more effective for the establishment, maintenance and/or defense of territories. It predicts that pairs will be coordinated in their response (pair members approach speakers and vocalize together) and will either respond more strongly (more calls and/or more movement) to duet treatments than to solo treatments, or respond equally to all treatments. Alternatively, the mate‐guarding hypothesis suggests that individuals participate in duets because they allow them to acoustically guard their mate, and predicts uncoordinated responses by pairs, with weak responses to duet treatments and stronger responses by individuals to solos produced by the same sex. Yellow‐naped amazon pairs responded to all treatments in an equivalently aggressive and coordinated manner by rapidly approaching speakers and vocalizing more. These responses generally support the joint territory defense hypothesis and further suggest that all intruders are viewed as a threat by resident pairs.
The relationship between feed intake behaviour with intramuscular fat, cholesterol and fatty acid composition in pork
Authors: Rauw W.M. , Diaz I. , Francés F. , Corella D. , Soler J. , Tibau J. , Gomez‐Raya L. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic relationship between feed intake (FI) characteristics with intramuscular fat, cholesterol and fatty acid composition in pork. Data were available on 202 Duroc barrows. Intramuscular fatness was positively correlated with a higher percentage of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), a lower percentage of polyunsaturated (PUFA), omega‐3 (ω3) and omega‐6 (ω6) fatty acids, and a lower ω6/ω3 and P:S ratio (p < 0.05). Faster growth resulted in a higher level of SFA and a lower level of ω3 fatty acids (p < 0.05). Increased FI, residual feed intake (RFI) and feed intake time (TIME) and a decreased feed intake frequency (FREQ) resulted in an increase in MUFA, a decrease in PUFA, ω3 and ω6 fatty acids and a lower P:S ratio (p < 0.05). In addition, increased FI and RFI and a decreased FREQ resulted in an increase in SFA (p < 0.05). Most of the correlations were a result of a concomitant relationship with intramuscular fatness and disappeared after correction for that trait. Serum total, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were positively correlated with SFA and MUFA, and negatively with PUFA, omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids, and the P:S ratio (p < 0.05). These results have implications for programmes aimed at improving meat quality through selection.
Identification and characterization of an insular auditory field in mice
Authors: Sawatari Hiroyuki , Tanaka Yoshihide , Takemoto Makoto , Nishimura Masataka , Hasegawa Kayoko , Saitoh Kazuya , Song Wen‐Jie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe used voltage‐sensitive‐dye‐based imaging techniques to identify and characterize the insular auditory field (IAF) in mice. Previous research has identified five auditory fields in the mouse auditory cortex, including the primary field and the anterior auditory field. This study confirmed the existence of the primary field and anterior auditory field by examining the tonotopy in each field. Further, we identified a previously unreported IAF located rostral to known auditory fields. Pure tone evoked responses in the IAF exhibited the shortest latency among all auditory fields at lower frequencies. A rostroventral to dorsocaudal frequency gradient was consistently observed in the IAF in all animals examined. Neither the response amplitude nor the response duration changed with frequency in the IAF, but the area of activation exhibited a significant increase with decreasing tone frequency. Taken together, the current results indicate the existence of an IAF in mice, with characteristics suggesting a role in the rapid detection of lower frequency components of incoming sound.
Activation of the medial prefrontal cortex by escapable stress is necessary for protection against subsequent inescapable stress‐induced potentiation of morphine conditioned place preference
Authors: Rozeske Robert R. , Der‐Avakian Andre , Watkins Linda R. , Maier Steven F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStress can be a predisposing factor in the development of psychiatric disorders. However, not all individuals develop psychiatric disorders following a traumatic event. An attempt to understand these individual differences has led to a focus on factors that produce resistance. Interestingly, in rats, an experience with escapable tailshock (ES) before inescapable tailshock (IS) prevents the typical anxiety‐like behavioral outcomes of IS. This type of resistance has been termed ‘behavioral immunization’, and it depends on activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during ES. However, one outcome of IS that is not anxiety‐related is potentiation of morphine conditioned place preference (CPP). The present experiments investigated whether prior ES would block IS‐induced potentiation of morphine CPP. Rats received either ES, IS or homecage control treatment on day 1 and then either IS or homecage control treatment on day 2. Twenty‐four hours following day 2, rats underwent morphine conditioning, and CPP was subsequently assessed. In a second experiment, rats received ES 3, 14 or 56 days prior to IS to determine the duration of behavioral immunization. In a final experiment, rats were microinjected with the GABAA agonist muscimol (50 ng/0.5 μL) or saline in the mPFC before day 1 of stress. Prior ES blocked IS‐induced potentiation of morphine CPP. This immunizing effect of ES lasted for at least 56 days. Additionally, intra‐mPFC muscimol during ES prevented behavioral immunization. These results suggest that prior experience with ES activates the mPFC and produces long‐lasting neural alterations that block subsequent IS‐induced potentiation of morphine CPP.
Parotid duct transposition in dogs: a retrospective review of 92 eyes from 1999 to 2009
Authors: Rhodes Mike , Heinrich Christine , Featherstone Heidi , Braus Barbara , Manning Sue , Cripps Peter J. , Renwick Peter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective review of parotid duct transposition (PDT) in the dog to determine the rate and nature of complications, the success and failure rates and to evaluate owner satisfaction.Methods Medical records of 56 dogs (92 eyes) that underwent PDT and subsequent follow‐up by a veterinary ophthalmologist were reviewed. Forty owners (40 dogs/66 eyes) were contacted by telephone and 37 owners (37 dogs/60 eyes) also completed a visual analog scale questionnaire. Statistical evaluation included Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests, one‐way analysis of variance and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with Wilcoxon and Log‐rank tests.Results The mean follow‐up was 38.7 months (range 1–109 months). The surgical success rate was 92% (85/92 eyes). Total failures (8%, 7/92 eyes) were because of severe saliva intolerance (n = 5 eyes) and PDT failure (n = 2 eyes). The complication rate was 50% (46/92 eyes) of which 61% (28/46 eyes) were managed medically and 39% (18/46 eyes) required further surgery. Ninety percent (36/40) of owners indicated that they would proceed with surgery again. Statistically significant improvements in owner perception of ocular comfort, number of daily topical treatments, ocular wetness, and postoperative vision were identified.Conclusions This study shows that PDT is a successful procedure based on clinical findings and in terms of owner perception. It has also demonstrated that PDT improves ocular comfort and vision in medically refractive cases of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and that a low level of on‐going management is required in 33% of cases.
Dialect enregisterment in performance1
Authors: Johnstone Barbara 
Published: November 2011

This paper explores sociolinguistic enregisterment in two comedy sketches performed by a team of radio DJs. I show that dialect enregisterment works differently in these high performances than in other genres. Unlike the cultural artifacts that have been the focus of previous work, this sort of broadcast comedic performance creates multiple possibilities for the enregisterment of unexpected linguistic forms. Linking locally‐occurring forms to multiple models of speech, behavior, and action, performances like these expand the set of potential meanings of particular forms by linking them with new or additional registers, creating semiotic alignments between different social identities that can be indexed by the same forms. Thus, in addition to describing what an idealized ‘culturally literate’ audience member needs to know in order to understand the performance, it may also repay our effort to ask how actual hearers understand what is going on.Dieser Artikel untersucht die Entstehung von soziolinguistischen Registern in zwei von einem Radio DJ Team aufgeführten Sketchen. Hierbei wird gezeigt, dass sich ‘dialect enregisterment’ in künstlerischen Darbietungen grundlegend von der Herausbildung dialektaler Register in anderen Genres unterscheidet. Im Gegensatz zu in früheren Studien behandelten Kulturprodukten eröffnet die vorliegende Art von Rundfunk‐Sketch mehrere Möglichkeiten für den Einbezug unerwarteter linguistischer Formen in den Prozess des ‘dialect enregisterment’. Da sie lokal auftretende Formen mit multiplen Sprach‐, Verhaltens‐ und Aktionsmustern verbinden, erlauben solche künstlerischen Darbietungen eine Ausweitung des Bedeutungspotenzials spezifischer Formen, indem sie diese mit neuen oder zusätzlichen Registern verknüpfen und damit aus semiotischer Sicht verschiedene soziale Identitäten insofern miteinander verschmelzen, als diese durch dieselbe Form angezeigt werden. Neben der Beschreibung des für das Verständnis der Sketche notwendigen kulturellen Wissens durch einen idealisierten, gebildeten Zuhörer lohnt es daher auch zu fragen, wie andere Hörer die Darbietung verstehen könnten. [German]
Alcohol, coffee, fish, smoking and disease progression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: D’hooghe M. B. , Haentjens P. , Nagels G. , De Keyser J. 
Published: November 2011

Background:  Certain lifestyle factors might influence disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS).Objectives:  To investigate the consumption of alcoholic beverages, caffeinated drinks, fish and cigarette smoking in relation to disability progression in relapsing onset and progressive onset MS.Methods:  We conducted a cross‐sectional survey amongst individuals with MS, registered by the Flemish MS society in Belgium. A time‐to‐event analysis and Cox proportional‐hazard regression were performed with time to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 6 (requiring a cane or support to walk for a distance of 100 m) as outcome measure. Hazard ratios for the time from onset and from birth were adjusted for age at onset, gender and immunomodulatory treatment.Results:  Data of 1372 persons with definite MS were collected. In the relapsing onset group, a decreased risk for reaching EDSS 6 was found in regular consumers of alcohol, wine, coffee and fish compared with those who never consumed these substances. Cigarette smoking was associated with an enhanced risk for reaching EDSS 6. In the progressive onset group, no association with the risk of reaching EDSS 6 was found, except for the type of fish. Preference for fatty fish was associated with an increased risk to reach EDSS 6, when lean fish was taken as the reference category.Conclusion:  Consumption of alcoholic beverages, coffee and fish were inversely associated with progression of disability in relapsing onset MS, but not in progressive onset MS. These findings allow to support the hypothesis that different mechanisms might underlie progression of disability in relapsing and progressive onset MS.