bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive predictive value of computerized medical records for uncomplicated and complicated upper gastrointestinal ulcer
Authors: Margulis Andrea V. , García Rodríguez Luis A. , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeComputerized databases can be an efficient resource to study the epidemiology of peptic ulcer (PU) and upper gastrointestinal complications (UGIC) if we achieve a high positive predictive value (PPV) of outcome definitions. We assessed the PPV of diagnosis codes in THIN, a primary‐care medical‐record database, to ascertain individuals with uncomplicated PU, and to identify UGIC and Helicobacter pylori infection status (HPIS) among these patients.MethodsWe identified: (1) patients with codes suggesting a first episode of uncomplicated PU; (2) episodes of UGIC among them. The computerized profiles with free‐text comments of these individuals were reviewed and classified as definite, possible, or excluded cases. Dates and HPIS were also ascertained. For a sample of definite and possible PU, and for all UGIC cases, primary care physicians were sent a questionnaire for confirmation.ResultsThe 5296 individuals with codes suggesting PU were classified as definite (49%), possible (25%), and excluded (26%) cases. The PPV for definite/possible PU was 94% (99% for definite, 84% for possible cases). Of the questionnaires with information on HPIS (62%), the PPV and NPV were 100%. The 97 individuals with codes suggesting UGIC were classified as definite (48%), possible (27%), and excluded (22%) cases; the PPV for definite/possible was 95% (100% for definite, 88% for possible cases). Code dates were generally later than medical‐record dates.ConclusionThe identification of PU cases and their HPIS and UGIC requires careful review of the computerized clinical information with free‐text comments. The validation of a sample is needed to confirm the accuracy of the diagnoses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overdose of methyldopa, indapamide and theophylline resulting in prolonged hypotension, marked diuresis and hypokalaemia in an elderly patient
Authors: Chan Thomas Y. K. , Gomersall Charles D. , Cheng Claudia A. Y. , Woo Jean 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn 89‐year‐old man with a history of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, personality disorder and previous attempts of self‐poisoning attempted suicide by swallowing two mouthfuls of tablets (methyldopa 250 mg, theophylline SR 200 mg, indapamide 2.5 mg and paracetamol 500 mg). He had prolonged, severe hypotension, necessitating the use of 3000 ml of Gelofusine® and almost 2 days of intravenous norepinephrine infusion. He had marked diuresis for 4.5 days, requiring continuous and bolus infusions of intravenous fluids. He had marked renal potassium loss, requiring vigorous potassium replacement therapy. Multiple‐dose activated charcoal was used to enhance theophylline elimination. The plasma paracetamol level was below the treatment line. Methyldopa via its metabolite stimulates postsynaptic α‐adrenergic receptors in cardiovascular control centres in the brain, causing a reduction in peripheral sympathetic tone and a fall in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. In overdose, it causes hypotension, bradycardia and drowsiness. The natriuretic, kaliuretic and vasodilatory effects of indapamide are exaggerated in overdose, resulting in diuresis, hypokalaemia and hypotension. Theophylline markedly increases the level of circulating catecholamines, which stimulate the vascular β2‐adrenergic receptors with decreased peripheral vascular resistance. Peripheral vasodilation and hypotension occur in significant theophylline poisoning. Intracellular shift of potassium results in hypokalaemia. The prescribing physicians should recognise elderly patients at a high risk of self‐poisoning and avoid using drugs with a high toxicity in overdose (e.g. theophylline and methyldopa). Restricting access to hazardous drugs (in overdose) would be of paramount importance to reduce the number of severe acute poisoning cases and case‐fatalities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restricted geometry optimization for estimating stabilization energies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Bao Peng , Yu Zhong‐Heng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAt the B3LYP/6‐31G* level, our program of geometry optimization under the restrictions ofπ‐orbital interactions was applied to five homologous series such as acene‐, phenanthrene, triphenylene, chrysene, benzopyrene series, and seven additional molecules such as tri‐ and tetra‐benzanthracene, benzo‐ and naphtho‐pentaphene, dibenzopentacene and tribenzotetracene, providing each of the 35 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with two types of localized reference geometries: (i) the ‘GL’ geometry where all double bonds are localized and (ii)mdifferent ‘GE‐m’ geometries, where only a specific pair of double bonds are permitted to conjugate and all other bonds are localized.. Each GE‐mresulted from the localπinteraction between a pair of double bonds in the GL geometry. The total sum of molecular energy differences, ([E(Ground) − E(GL)] − Σ[E(GE‐m) − E(GL)]), is defined as the extra stabilization energy (ESE) for a PAH. The corrected ESE (CESE) then resulted from consideringπinteractions between pairs of nonbonded double bonds. In this work, the position, energy and GL sextet rules were developed to ensure that the GL geometry chosen from its candidates as well as the GE‐mgeometries is no longer arbitrary. Therefore, it is the GL and GE‐mgeometries of the PAH itself, rather than nonaromatic compounds, that serve as reference structures for calculating CESE. As a result, for each of the four homologous series (acene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, and benzopyrene), CESE/πcan be fitted as a linear function of the p band frequency$\tilde v$. For each of the four isomeric series with molecular formulas of C18H12, C22H14, C26H16, and C30H18, CESE/πcan also be fitted as a second‐order polynomial function of the p band frequency$\tilde v$as well as of the number of GL sextets. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of alkyl chain lengths of gallates upon their distribution and reactivity towards diphenylpicryl hydracil radicals in Triton X‐100 micellar solutions
Authors: Campos A. M. , Ponce E. , Lissi E. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe reactivity of ethyl‐, propyl‐ and octylgallate towards diphenylpicryl hydracil radicals has been measured in homogeneous solution (ethanol) and in Triton X‐100 micellar solutions. Similar reactivities were measured in homogeneous solutions, indicating that the length of the alkyl chain does not influence the reactivity of the phenolic groups. On the other hand, different reactivities were measured in micellar solutions, particularly at low (5 mM) surfactant concentrations. Data obtained at different surfactant concentrations allow estimation of partitioning of the gallates and their intramicellar bimolecular rate constant. The values obtained indicate that all the observed differences in reactivity are attributable to differences in substrate partitioning between the micellar and aqueous pseudophases. In fact, similar values of the intramicellar rate constants were obtained, suggesting that the average location of the reactive groups inside the micelles is independent of the solute alkyl chain length. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of carbazole‐layered polymers
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Fernandes Jonas Alves , Wada Naoki , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNew aromatic ring‐layered polymers consisting of carbazole as a layered aromatic group and xanthene as a scaffold were designed and synthesized via the Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling reaction. Their optical and electrochemical behaviors were investigated in detail; the results showed that these polymers could be used as hole‐transporting materials. Polymers with nitrobenzene moieties at the polymer chain ends quenched the emission from the layered carbazoles to the nitrobenzene termini; thus, the polymers acted as the molecular wire that transferred photoexcited energy and/or electrons to the polymer termini. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4279–4288, 2009
Phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes using an iridium complex polymer as the solution‐processible host material
Authors: Koga Yuji , Matsubara Kouki 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe prepared an iridium polymer complex having 2‐phenylpyridine as a η2‐cyclometallated ligand, a new OLED containing a solution‐processible iridium polymer as a host, and a phosphorescent iridium complex, [Ir(piq‐tBu)3] as a guest. This is the first example to apply a phosphorescent iridium complex polymer to a host material in a phosphorescent OLED. A phosphine copolymer ligand made from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 4‐styryldiphenylphosphine can be used as an anchor polymer, which coordinates to luminescent iridium units to form a host metallopolymer easily. The OLED containing the host iridium‐complex polymer film, in which the guest, 2 wt % Ir(piq‐tBu)3, was doped, showed red electroluminescence as a result of efficient energy transfer from the iridium polymer host to the iridium guest. The maximum current efficiency of the device was 1.00, suggesting that a soluble iridium complex polymer can be used as a solution‐processible polymer host in EL devices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4358–4365, 2009
PL and EL behavior of near‐red luminescent metallopolymer easily prepared from phosphine‐containing copolymer and chloro{bis(1‐phenylisoquinolinato‐N,C2′)}iridium(III), and its monomeric analog
Authors: Koga Yuji , Yoshida Nanae , Matsubara Kouki 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe successfully developed phosphorescent cyclometallated iridium‐containing metallopolymers, which are near‐red luminescent iridium complexes bearing phosphine‐containing copolymers used as polymer ligands, and investigated their photoluminescence and electroluminescence behavior. The phosphine copolymer ligand made from methyl methacrylate and 4‐styryldiphenylphosphine can be used as an anchor, which coordinates luminescent iridium units to form the metallopolymer easily. Organic light‐emitting diodes were fabricated from the metallopolymer and its nonpolymer analog, [IrCl(piq)2PPh3]. These complexes exhibited quite similar luminescence behavior, except for emission from the free‐phosphine‐units in the polymer side chain and their energy‐transferring properties from host to guest materials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4366–4378, 2009
The brittle–ductile transition induced by thermal ageing of toluene cast poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) as observed by interfacial friction
Authors: Whitten Philip G. , Brown Hugh R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe interfacial shear stress of toluene cast poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) films has been studied as a function of annealing temperature. The surface topography of these films was studied by scanning probe microscopy following a single sliding pass. Casting from toluene results in a semicrystalline film with a rigid amorphous phase and containing a small amount of residual solvent that exhibits a higher interfacial shear stress than a high temperature annealed solvent‐free amorphous film. Films containing small amounts of toluene exhibit a wear pattern consisting of ripples oriented perpendicular to the sliding direction following a single sliding pass. These results support the notion that the interfacial shear stress is a function of the shear yield stress, and, that during sliding friction tensile stresses must form at the polymer surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1637–1643, 2009
Characteristics of Optical Emission Spectra Induced by Laser Beams and Crystallization of PBZNZT Thin Films
Authors: Cheng Hsiu‐Fung , Chen Yu‐Wen , Palathinkal Thomas Joseph , Lin I‐Nan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe correlation between optical emission spectra (OES) and growth behavior of (PbBa)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)(ZrTi)O3, PBZNZT, thin films were investigated. OES peak intensity (Ip) first increases with laser fluence (Jl) and laser repetition rate (rl) and then reaches a plateau, while the excitation temperature (Tp) of Pb species is insensitive. Conversely, an increase in oxygen pressure () decreases Ip and Tp peaks corresponding to Pb(I) species. PBZNZT films with good crystallinity and ferroelectric properties (Pr = 23.67–25.95 µC · cm−2 and Ec = 399.0–422.6 kV · cm−1) were prepared by using Jl ≈ 1.0 J · cm−2, rl ≈ 10 Hz,  ≈ 0.45–0.55 mbar, substrate temperature≈400 °C, and a Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 buffer layer.
A perturbative view of protein structural variation
Authors: Echave Julián , Fernández Francisco M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIt was recently found that the lowest‐energy collective normal modes dominate the evolutionary divergence of protein structures. This was attributed to a presumed functional importance of such motions, i.e., to natural selection. In contrast to this selectionist explanation, we proposed that the observed behavior could be just the expected physical response of proteins to random mutations. This proposal was based on the success of a linearly forced elastic network model (LFENM) of mutational effects on structure to account for the observed pattern of structural divergence. Here, to further test the mutational explanation and the LFENM, we analyze the structural differences observed not only in homologous (globin‐like) proteins but also in unselected experimentally engineered myoglobin mutants and in wild‐type variants subject to other perturbations such as ligand‐binding and pH changes. We show that the lowest normal modes dominate structural change in all the cases considered and that the LFENM reproduces this behavior quantitatively. The collective nature of the lowest normal modes results in global conformational changes that depend little on the exact nature or location of the perturbation. Significantly, the evolutionarily conserved structural core matches the regions observed to be more robust with respect to mutations, so that the core would be more conserved even under unselected random mutations. In a word, the observed patterns of structural variation can be seen as the natural response of proteins to perturbations and can be adequately modeled using the LFENM, which serves as a common framework to relate a priori different phenomena. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of the modification technologies of asphalt by using waste EVA from packaging
Authors: Fang Changqing , Zhou Shisheng , Zhang Maorong , Zhao Shijie , Wang Xin , Zheng Changzheng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPackaging wastes not only pollute the environment, but also waste resources. In this study, bags of suits made mainly from ethylene(vinyl acetate) copolymer (EVA), as the modifier, were used to improve the properties of raw asphalt. On the basis of the common physical modification, crosslinking agents and catalysts were added to the raw oil asphalt. The modification technologies were studied carefully. The results showed that crosslinking agents and catalysts could make the polymer react with raw asphalt, thus providing chemical connections between them and forming three‐dimensional network structures. As a result, the asphalt performance was improved. In addition, the dosages of the crosslinking agent, modification temperature, and time also had effects on the performance of the modified asphalt. When the ratio of divinylbenzene to asphalt was 0.0125, the ratio of catalyst to asphalt was 0.025, the temperature was 140°C, and the modification time was 2.5 h, the softening point of the asphalt rose from 49.5°C to 63.5°C, and the penetration degree dropped from 68.5 to 39.1 (0.1 mm). The results showed that after the modification with waste EVA, the performance of the asphalt had been significantly improved and stabilized. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the First Quaternary Tantalum Thiogermanates, ATaGeS5 (A = K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Dong Yongkwan , Do Junghwan , Yun Hoseop 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe new quaternary thiogermanates, ATaGeS5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) were prepared with the use of halide fluxes and the crystal structures of the compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. The compounds are isostructural and crystallize in space group P\bar{1} of the triclinic system with two formula units in a cell of dimensions: a = 6.937(1) Å, b = 6.950(2) Å, c = 8.844(3) Å, α = 71.07(2)°, β = 78.56(2)°, γ = 75.75(2)°, V = 387.6(2) Å3 for KTaGeS5; a = 6.996(3) Å, b = 7.033(3) Å, c = 8.985(4) Å, α = 70.33(3)°, β = 78.12(4)°, γ = 75.63(4)°, V = 399.6(3) Å3 for RbTaGeS5; a = 7.012(4) Å, b = 7.202(3) Å, c = 9.267(5) Å, α = 68.55(3)°, β = 77.27(4)°, γ = 74.75(4)°, V = 416.2(4) Å3 for CsTaGeS5. The structures of ATaGeS5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) are comprised of anionic infinite two‐dimensional {}_\infty^2[TaGeS5–] layers separated from one another by alkali metal cations (A+). Each layer is made up of tantalum centered sulfur octahedra and pairs of edge‐sharing germanium centered sulfur tetrahedra. The classical charge valence of these compounds should be represented by [A+][(Ta5+)(Ge4+)(S2–)5]. UV/Vis diffuse reflectance measurements indicate that they are semiconductors with optical bandgaps of ca. 2.0 eV.
Low fertility in vivo resulting from female factors causes small litter size in 129 inbred mice
Authors: Hino Toshiaki , Oda Kanako , Nakamura Kenji , Toyoda Yutaka , Yokoyama Minesuke 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurpose129 inbred mice show poor reproductive ability, as evidenced by small litters; however, the exact cause of this is unknown. In the present in vivo study we examined fertility and subsequent post‐implantation development in an attempt to clarify the cause of small litter size in 129 mice.Methods129 or C57BL/6J females that displayed vaginal plugs 1 day after mating with males of the same strain were examined for the presence of fertilized eggs. Reciprocal matings were also performed between 129 and C57BL/6J mice. Subsequent post‐implantation development of fertilized eggs was examined by dissecting females 18–19 days after the vaginal plugs were found.ResultsMean numbers of recovered eggs were 7.9 and 8.0 in 129 and C57BL/6J mice, respectively. Half of the recovered eggs were unfertilized in 129 mice, whereas all were fertilized in C57BL/6J mice. Mean numbers of live fetuses 18–19 days after mating were significantly lower in 129 mice (4.7) than in C57BL/6J mice (7.3). In different types of pairings using both strains of mice, the fertility was significantly lower whenever 129 females were used.ConclusionsThe small litter size in 129 mice is caused by low fertility resulting from female factors.
Adjustment trade‐offs of co‐rumination in mother–adolescent relationships
Authors: Waller Erika M. , Rose Amanda J. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTThe current study examined co‐rumination (i.e., extensively discussing, rehashing, and speculating about problems) in the context of mother–adolescent relationships. Fifth‐, eighth‐, and eleventh‐graders (N = 516) reported on co‐rumination and more normative self‐disclosure with mothers, their relationships with mothers, and their own internalizing symptoms. A subset of mothers (N = 200) reported on mother–adolescent co‐rumination and self‐disclosure. Results from the adolescent‐report data indicated greater mother–adolescent co‐rumination with daughters than sons and also adjustment trade‐offs of mother–adolescent co‐rumination. Mother–adolescent co‐rumination was related to positive relationship quality but also to enmeshment in the relationship. Whereas the relation with positive relationship quality appeared to be due in part to normative self‐disclosure, the relation with enmeshment was unique to co‐rumination. Mother–adolescent co‐rumination also was related to youth anxiety/depression. The relations with enmeshment and internalizing symptoms were strongest when co‐rumination focused on the mothers' problems. Implications of mother–adolescent co‐rumination for promoting appropriate relationship boundaries and youth well‐being are discussed.
Ontogenetic expression of the vanilloid receptors TRPV1 and TRPV2 in the rat retina
Authors: Leonelli Mauro , Martins Daniel O. , Kihara Alexandre H. , Britto Luiz R.G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe present study aimed to analyze the gene and protein expression and the pattern of distribution of the vanilloid receptors TRPV1 and TRPV2 in the developing rat retina. During the early phases of development, TRPV1 was found mainly in the neuroblastic layer of the retina and in the pigmented epithelium. In the adult, TRPV1 was found in microglial cells, blood vessels, astrocytes and in neuronal structures, namely synaptic boutons of both retinal plexiform layers, as well as in cell bodies of the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer. The pattern of distribution of TRPV1 was mainly punctate, and there was higher TRPV1 labeling in the peripheral retina than in central regions. TRPV2 expression was quite distinct. Its expression was virtually undetectable by immunoblotting before P1, and that receptor was found by immunohistochemistry only by postnatal day 15 (P15). RNA and protein analysis showed that the adult levels are only reached by P60, which includes small processes in the retinal plexiform layers, and labeled cellular bodies in the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer. There was no overlapping between the signal observed for both receptors. In conclusion, our results showed that the patterns of distribution of TRPV1 and TRPV2 are different during the development of the rat retina, suggesting that they have specific roles in both visual processing and in providing specific cues to neural development.
Oral misoprostol reduces vaginal bleeding following surgical evacuation for first trimester spontaneous abortion
Authors: Shokry Mahmoud , Shahin Ahmed Y. , Fathalla Mohammed M. , Shaaban Omar M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and tolerability of misoprostol to reduce the amount and duration of vaginal bleeding following surgical evacuation for first trimester spontaneous abortion.MethodsA total of 160 patients who underwent surgical evacuation for first trimester spontaneous abortion between 8 and 12 weeks of pregnancy were randomized into 2 groups to receive either 200 µg of oral misoprostol immediately after evacuation followed every 6 hours for 48 hours or no misoprostol. Pain scores, duration and amount of bleeding, and endometrial thickness were assessed over 10 days.ResultsWomen who received misoprostol had significantly fewer bleeding days after evacuation (4.11 ± 2.69 vs 5.89 ± 3.06; P < 0.001), fewer patients reported vaginal bleeding lasting 10 days or more (3.8% vs 15.0%; P = 0.014), and endometrial thickness 10 days after evacuation was less (6.25 ± 2.38 vs 7.23 ± 1.94; P = 0.05). Pain scores were comparable in both groups (1.54 ± 0.65 vs 1.63 ± 0.83; P = 0.40) after 10 days.ConclusionOral misoprostol is effective in reducing the prevalence and amount of vaginal bleeding after surgical evacuation for first trimester spontaneous abortion.