bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of peptides with αβ‐dehydro residues: Synthesis, crystal structure and molecular conformation of N‐Boc‐L‐Ile‐ΔPhe‐L‐Trp‐OCH3
Authors: Vijayaraghavan R. , Kumar P. , Dey S. , Singh T.P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:The dehydro‐peptide Boc‐L‐Ile‐ΔPhe‐L‐Trp‐OCH3 was synthesized by the azlactone method in the solution phase. The peptide was crystallized from methanol in an orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 10.777(2), b= 11.224(2), c= 26.627(10) Å. The structure was determined by direct methods and refined to an R value of 0.069 for 3093 observed reflections [l≥ 2σ(l)].The peptide failed to adopt a folded conformation with backbone torsion angles: φ1, = 90.8(8)°, ψ1= ‐151.6(6)°, φ2= 89.0(8)°, ψ2= 15.9(9)°, φ3= 165.7(7)°, ψT3= ‐166.0(7)°. A general rule derived from earlier studies indicates that a three‐peptide unit sequence with a ΔPhe at the (i+ 2) position adopts a β‐turn II conformation. Because the branched β‐carbon residues such as valine and isoleucine have strong conformational preferences, they combine with the ΔPhe residue differently to generate a unique set of conformations in such peptides. The presence of β‐branched residues simultaneously at both (i+ 1) and (i+ 3) positions induces unfolded conformations in tetrapeptides, but a β‐branched residue substituted only at (i+ 3) positron can not prevent the formation of a folded β‐turn II conformation. On the other hand, the present structure shows that a β‐branched residue substituted at the (i+ 1) position prevents the formation of a β‐turn II conformation. These observations indicate that a β‐branched residue at the (i+ 1) position prevents a folded conformation whereas it cannot generate the same degree of effect from the (i+ 3) position. This may be because of the trans disposition of the planar ΔPhe side‐chain with respect to the C=O group in the residue. The molecules are packed in an anti‐parallel manner to generate N2‐H2…O2 (‐x,y‐1/2, ‐z+ 3/2) and Nε13‐Hε13…O1(‐x,y ‐1/2, ‐z+ 3/2) hydrogen bonds.
Structure‐function analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tridecapeptide pheromone using alanine‐scanned analogs
Authors: Abel M.G. , Zhang Y.L. , Lu H.‐F. , Naider F. , Becker J.M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:Twenty‐six peptide analogs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiaeα‐factor, a tridecapeptide mating pheromone (W1H2W3L4Q5L6K7P8G9Q10p11M12Y13) with either l‐ or D‐alanine replacement of each amino acid residue (Ala‐scanned) and with the isosteric replacement of methionine at position 12 by norleucine, were synthesized, purified to homogeneity and assayed for biological activity and receptor binding. Two new and effective antagonists. [D‐Ala3,Nle12]α‐factor and [D‐Ala4,Nle12]α‐factor, were found among the series, and the [D‐Ala10,Nle12]α‐factor demonstrated a marked ability to increase the biological activity of [Nle12]α‐factor without having any effect by itself. One analog, the [L‐Ala1α‐factor, showed a 3‐fold increase in bioactivity over the [Nle12]α‐factor, although its binding to the α‐factor receptor was about 70‐fold less than [Nle12]α‐factor. Residues near the carboxyl terminus contributed more strongly to receptor binding than other residues, whereas those near the amine terminus of the α‐factor played an important role in signal transduction. The effect of insertion of D‐Ala residues at positions 7, 8, 9 and 10 on bioactivity and receptor binding of the peptide suggested a specific positioning role of the central loop in establishing optimal contacts between the receptor and the ends of the pheromone. We conclude that the α‐factor may be divided into segments with dominant roles in forming the biologically active pheromone conformation, in receptor binding and in initiating signal transduction. The discovery of such relationships was made possible by the systematic variation of each residue in the peptide and by the testing of each analog in highly defined biological and binding assays.
Influence of orientations of guidewire tip on the placement of subclavian venous catheters
Authors: Park H‐P. , Jeon Y. , Hwang J‐w. , Han S‐H. , Bahk J‐H. , Oh Y‐S. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The role of a J‐type guidewire tip has been known to prevent vascular or cardiac wall damage. We hypothesized that the course of the guidewire may be influenced by the initial orientations of the J‐type guidewire tip during the subclavian approach. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the direction of the needle bevel and J‐wire tip on successful placement of subclavian catheters.Methods:  A total of 140 adult patients of either sex were studied. Patients were randomly divided by the direction of the needle bevel (neutral vs. downward) and the direction of the J‐wire tip (upward vs. downward). Under general anesthesia, right infraclavicular subclavian catheterization was attempted using the Seldinger technique.Results:  There was no statistically significant difference among the successful and unsuccessful placements in relation to factors including sex, body mass index, and needle bevel direction. The success rate was high when the J‐wire tip was directed downward (P = 0.001).Conclusion:  These data suggest that the orientation of the J‐wire tip downward can increase successful placement rates of right subclavian venous catheterization.
Risk factors for acute renal failure requiring dialysis after surgery for congenital heart disease in children
Authors: Pedersen K. R. , Povlsen J. V. , Christensen S. , Pedersen J. , Hjortholm K. , Larsen S. H. , Hjortdal V. E. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Limited data exist on the risk factors for acute renal failure (ARF) following cardiac surgery in children with congenital heart disease. This cohort study was conducted to examine this subject, as well as changes in the incidence of ARF from 1993 to 2002, the in‐hospital mortality and the time spent in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods:  One thousand, one hundred and twenty‐eight children, operated on for congenital heart disease between 1993 and 2002, were identified from our prospectively collected ICU database to obtain data on potential risk factors.Results:  A total of 130 children (11.5%) developed ARF after surgery. A young age [≥1.0 vs. <0.1 year; odds ratio (OR), 0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12–0.46], high Risk Adjusted Classification of Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS‐1) score (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.66–4.45) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (<90 min vs. none; OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.03–6.96; ≥90 min vs. none; OR, 12.94; 95% CI, 5.46–30.67) were independent risk factors for ARF. The risk of ARF decreased during the study period. Children with ARF spent a significantly longer time in the ICU (2–7 days vs. <2 days, P = 0.002; ≥7 days vs. <2 days, P < 0.001) compared with non‐ARF patients, and showed increased in‐hospital mortality (20% vs. 5%, P < 0.001).Conclusion:  A young age, high RACHS‐1 score and CPB were independent risk factors for ARF after surgical procedures for congenital heart disease in children. The risk of ARF decreased during the study period. Children with severe ARF spent a longer time in the ICU, and the mortality in ARF patients was higher than that in non‐ARF patients.
Remifentanil and the brain
Authors: FODALE V. , SCHIFILLITI D. , PRATICÒ C. , SANTAMARIA L. B. 
Published: August 2010

Background and aim: Remifentanil is an ultra‐short‐acting opioid, increasingly used today in neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care. Its characteristics make remifentanil a potentially ideal agent, but previous data have cast a shadow on this opioid, supporting potentially toxic effects on the ischemic brain. The aim of the present concise review is to survey available up‐to‐date information on the effects of remifentanil on the central nervous system.Method: A MEDLINE search within the past seven years for available up‐to‐date information on remifentanil and brain was performed.Results: Concise up‐to‐date information on the effects of remifentanil on the central nervous system was reported, with a particular emphasis on the following topics: cerebral metabolism, electroencephalogram, electrocorticography, motor‐evoked potentials, regional cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood flow velocity, arterial hypotension and hypertension, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral autoregulation, cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity, cerebrospinal fluid, painful stimulation, analgesia and hyperalgesia, neuroprotection, neurotoxicity and hypothermia.Conclusion: The knowledge of the influence of remifentanil on brain functions is crucial before routine use in neuroanesthesia to improve anesthesia performance and patient safety as well as outcome.
Decreases in myocardial glucose and increases in pyruvate but not ischaemia are observed during porcine endotoxaemia
Authors: CHEW M. S. , JOHANSSON A. , ANDERSON C. , ERSSON A. , TØNNESEN E. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Myocardial dysfunction occurs commonly in septic shock. It is not known whether this is due to local ischaemia and metabolic disturbances. Our hypothesis was that endotoxaemic myocardial dysfunction may be associated with interstitial ischaemic and metabolic changes, measured using interstitial microdialysis (MD).Methods: Eighteen pigs were randomized to control (n=6) or endotoxin infusion (n=12). MD catheters were inserted into the myocardium for measurement of interstitial glucose, pyruvate and lactate concentrations. Plasma glucose and lactate concentrations and systemic haemodynamic parameters were measured simultaneously.Results: Compared with the control group, the endotoxaemic animals had significantly decreased left ventricular stroke work and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), and increased mean pulmonary artery pressure and plasma lactate. In the endotoxaemic group, decreases in interstitial glucose were observed, occurring simultaneously with increases in interstitial pruvate. Interstitial lactate : pyruvate ratios decreased with time in all animals.Conclusions: Despite severe systemic and pulmonary haemodynamic changes, interstitial MD measurements revealed no evidence of anaerobic metabolism in the myocardium of endotoxaemic pigs. There were, however, changes in glucose and pyruvate concentrations, suggesting local energy metabolic disturbances.
Intraoperative dreams reported after general anaesthesia are not early interpretations of delayed awareness
Authors: SAMUELSSON P. , BRUDIN L. , SANDIN R. H. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Dreams are more frequently reported than awareness after surgery. We define awareness as explicit recall of real intraoperative events during anaesthesia. The importance of intraoperative dreaming is poorly understood. This study was performed to evaluate whether intraoperative dreams can be associated with, or precede, awareness. We also studied whether dreams can be related to case‐specific parameters.Methods: A cohort of 6991 prospectively included patients given inhalational anaesthesia were interviewed for dreams and awareness at three occasions; before they left the post‐anaesthesia care unit, days 1–3 and days 7–14 after the operation. Uni‐ and multivariate statistical relations between dreams, awareness and case‐specific parameters were assessed.Results: Two hundred and thirty‐two of 6991 patients (3.3%) reported a dream. Four of those also reported awareness and remembered real events that were distinguishable from their dream. Awareness was 19 times more common among patients who after surgery reported a dream [1.7% vs. 0.09%; odds ratio (OR) 18.7; P=0.000007], but memories of dreams did not precede memories of awareness in any of the 232 patients reporting a dream. Unpleasant dreams were significantly more common when thiopentone was used compared with propofol (OR 2.22; P=0.005). Neutral or pleasant dreams were related to lower body mass index, female gender and shorter duration of anaesthesia.Conclusions: We found a statistically significant association between dreams reported after general anaesthesia and awareness, although intraoperative dreams were not an early interpretation of delayed awareness in any case. A typical dreamer in this study is a lean female having a short procedure.
Ketamine blocks enhancement of spinal long‐term potentiation in chronic opioid treated rats
Authors: HAUGAN F. , RYGH L. J. , TJØLSEN A. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Long‐term opioid treatment is associated with the development of hyperalgesia. In a rat model we wanted to study if chronic opioid treatment changed the induction and maintenance of spinal long‐term potentiation (LTP), a form of hyperexcitability in the spinal cord. We also wanted to investigate if the clinically available NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine inhibited the effect of chronic opioid treatment on LTP.Methods: The animals were randomized into four groups (saline, morphine 20 mg/kg/day, ketamine 20 mg/kg/day, morphine 20 mg/kg/day and ketamine 20 mg/kg/day). Drugs were given as continuous subcutaneous infusions by means of osmotic minipumps. After 7 days of treatment and during ongoing treatment single unit extracellular recordings were made from the lumbar deep dorsal horn under urethane anesthesia. Single electrical stimuli were applied to the sciatic nerve, and the C‐fiber evoked responses of WDR neurons were recorded before and during 3 h following low frequency (3 Hz) electrical conditioning stimulation.Results: The potentiation of C‐fiber evoked responses by conditioning stimulation was significantly increased in the morphine‐treated group compared to the saline group, while there was no significant difference between the saline, the ketamine and the morphine/ketamine groups. The potentiated responses in the morphine/ketamine group were significantly reduced compared to the morphine group (P=0.01).Conclusion: Our results indicate that animals treated with long‐term opioid show amplification of stimulus‐induced central sensitisation compared to opioid naïve animals. Ketamine inhibited the morphine‐induced enhancement of LTP, supporting the role of ketamine in prevention of opioid induced hyperalgesia.
Caudal midazolam does not affect sevoflurane requirements and recovery in pediatric day‐case hernioplasty
Authors: HONG J.‐Y. , LEE I. H. , SHIN S. K. , PARK E. Y. , BAN S. Y. , CHO J. E. , KIL H. K. 
Published: August 2010

Background: This prospective, randomized, double‐blind study aimed to determine whether caudal midazolam combined with ropivacaine affects anesthetic requirements, recovery profiles, and post‐operative analgesia compared with ropivacaine alone in pediatric day‐case hernioplasty.Methods: Sixty boys (2–5 years old) received caudal injections of 0.2% ropivacaine 1 ml/kg and epinephrine 1 : 200,000 with (RM group) or without (R group) 50 μg/kg of midazolam under sevoflurane anesthesia. The sevoflurane requirement was determined by adjusting to a bispectral index score=50.Results: Concentrations of end‐tidal sevoflurane (ETsevo%) after induction were similar in both groups. After caudal block, ETsevo% before and after surgical stimuli did not show significant intra‐ or intergroup differences. Recovery characteristics, including post‐operative sedations, were similar in both groups. Post‐operative pain scores were significantly lower in the RM group than the R group.Conclusions: Caudal midazolam (50 μg/kg) added to 2% ropivacaine did not influence sevoflurane requirement or recovery but improved post‐operative analgesia compared with ropivacaine alone in pediatric day‐case hernioplasty.
Influence of pre‐operative fluid infusion on volume status during oesophageal resection – a prospective trial
Authors: RAUE W. , HAASE O. , LANGELOTZ C. , NEUß H. , MÜLLER J. M. , SCHWENK W. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Perioperative fluid therapy is controversially debated in surgery. In malnourished and hypovolaemic patients, a restrictive fluid regimen may lead to hypoperfusion and increased incidence of complications. The present prospective cohort study was performed to assess whether pre‐operative i.v. fluid administration improves intraoperative cardiac preload in patients undergoing oesophageal resection.Methods: Intraoperatively, the intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) was monitored in 44 consecutive patients undergoing elective oesophagectomies with the transthoracic thermodilution technique. Twenty‐two of these patients received a pre‐operative i.v. fluid loading with a balanced crystalloid solution (1 ml/kg/h over 48 h).Results: After induction of anaesthesia ITBVI was low but not different between the groups [767 (512–1314) vs. 775 (531–1200) ml/m2, P=0.81]. In the intervention group, the extravascular lung water increased above normal levels during the operation. The groups did not differ in cardiac output, blood pressure, heart rate and central venous pressure. Post‐operative morbidity was not different between the cohorts.Conclusion: Pre‐operative i.v. fluid loading with crystalloid solutions could not be shown to improve the intraoperative volume status and cardiac function in this study. Randomised trials with other volume replacement techniques are recommended.
Der Einfluß künstlicher Trocknung auf den Futterwert von eingesäuerten Rübenblättern
Authors: Kirsch W. , Jantzon H. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungGärfutter aus Futterrübenblättern wurden unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen im frischen (eingesäuerten) und getrockneten Zustande auf seine Zusammensetzung und seine Verdaulichkeit geprüft. Die Trocknung erfolgte schonend auf einer Darre.Die Zusammensetzung wurde durch die Trocknung kaum beeinflußt, nur machte sich eine starke Verminderung des Essigsäuregehaltes (freie flüchtige Essigsäure) bemerkbar, was nur günstig bewertet werden kann.Die Verdaulichkeit wurde durch die Trocknung vermindert, und zwar bei der organischen Substanz um ‐6,5%, beim Rohprotein um ‐10,7%. Die Veränderung der Rohproteinverdaulichkeit glauben wir auf einen spezifischen Einfluß der künstlichen Trocknung zurückführen zu können.
Beitrag zum Stoffwechsel des Waschbären
Authors: Neseni Raimund 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungDie durchgeführten Untersuchungen über den Stoffwechsel des Waschbären zeitigten folgende Ergebnisse:

Beim Waschbär wird die Verdaulichkeit der Nährstoffe durch die Zugabe der Zerealien im allgemeinen herabgesetzt. Die Verminderung wird gesteigert durch die Verabreichung der Körner im ungekochten Zustande. Die Verwendung von Futterkuchen ist zwar bequem, aber teuer. Die untersuchten Körnerfrüchte in einer absteigenden Reihe nach ihrer durchschnittlichen Verdaulichkeit aufgestellt, ergeben folgendes Bild: 1. Reis, 2. Mais, 3. Weizen, 4. Hafer und 5. Gerste. Die Kuttel ist dem Rindfleische gegenüber minderwertiger. Als Ballastfutter wäre vor allem Gerste und Hafer zu geben, letzterer aber im geschrotenen, nicht im gequetschten Zustande.
Die Menge des Harnes ist von der Art der Nahrung abhängig und ist bei reiner Fleischkost (FK) am geringsten. Bei dieser ist auch die Chlorausscheidung je Tag sehr niedrig, bei gemischter Kost (GK) dagegen stark erhöht. Die Mengen des Gesamt‐S und der Gesamtschwefelsäuren liegen bei FK höher als bei GK. Von der Gesamtschwefelsäure entfallen durchschnittlich 94,5% auf die Sulfatschwefelsäuren, der Rest auf die Ätherschwefelsäuren. Die geringe Menge dieser erklärt sich aus der geringen bakteriellen Tätigkeit im Darmkanale. Die Menge des Neutral‐S beträgt etwa 15% des Gesamt‐S. Ca und Mg werden nur in geringen Mengen ausgeschieden. Das Verhältnis Ca: Mg ist bei gemischter Rohkost 7: 1, bei gekochten Zerealien 2: 1. Der Gesamt‐N weist bei gemischter Rohkost höhere Werte auf als bei gekochter Kost. In den täglichen Harnmengen steigen die Harnstoffwerte bei animalischer oder gemischter Rohkost stark an.
Bei Futterberechnungen sind folgende Verbrennungswerte beim Waschbär einzusetzen:Tierisches Eiweiß…… 5,4 Kal.Pflanzliches Eiweiß…. 4,5 Kal.N‐freie Extraktstoffe…. 3,6 Kal.Tierisches Fett…… 8,3 Kal.Pflanzliches Fett…… 7,4 Kal.Rohfaser……… 1,3 Kal.
Für wachsende Tiere sind je Kilogramm Lebendgewicht 6–8 g Rohprotein und etwa 100 Kal. zu füttern.
Untersuchungen über einige Mahlabfälle (Haferschälkleie, Haferschalen, Weizen‐ und Roggenkeime) an Schafen, Schweinen und Hühnern und deren Einfluß auf den Säurebasenhaushalt
Authors: Lenkeit W. , Schleinitz M. v. , Lagneau F. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung

Die Haferschälkleie wird durch das Schaf am besten ausgenutzt bei einer Verdaulichkeit der organischen Substanz von 64,89% gegenüber dem Schwein mit 58,31% und dem Huhn mit 52,39%.
Die Haferschalen, die nur an Schafen geprüft wurden, liegen mit der Verdaulichkeit der gesamten Substanz von 37,36 und einem Stärkewert von 24,2 höher als die sonst angegebenen Werte. Das Haferschalenmehl ergab nur eine Verdaulichkeit der organischen Substanz von 31,83%.
Die Weizenkeimkleie (Weizenkeime I) zeigte ebenfalls nach der Verdaulichkeit der organischen Substanz die bessere Verwertung durch den Wiederküuer (93,98%), dann eine geringere durch das Schwein (89,46%) und die niedrigste durch das Huhn (74,79%). Die eigentlichen Weizenkeime (II), die wie die Roggenkeime allein am Huhn untersucht wurden, ergaben einen Gesamtnährstoff von 80,92 und die Roggenkeime einen von 68,76.
In der Stickstoffbilanz ergibt sich eine vermehrte N‐Ausscheidung bei Schwein und Huhn durch die Haferschälkleie und beim Schaf durch die Haferschalen, besonders durch das Haferschalenmehl. Auf die Rolle der Rohfaserausnutzung wird hingewiesen.
Die Basenausscheidung im Harn wird durch die Haferschälkleie bei Schaf und Schwein vermindert, durch Weizenkeime I beim Schaf vermehrt und beim Schwein und Huhn dagegen vermindert. Dieser letztere Unterschied wird diskutiert.
Die Nährwirkung des Haferschrotes beim Schwein 1. Versuchsreihe
Authors: Fingerling† G. , Eisenkolbe P. , Hientzsch Br. , Just M. , Reifgerst K. , Knaut G. , Kunze H. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung der ErgebnisseZum Schluß stellen wir nochmals unter Mittelbildung die Ergebnisse zusammen, die unsere Versuche mit den 6 Schweinen gezeitigt haben.

Die ansatzfähige Energie des Haferschrotes wurde verwertet von:
100 g Haferschrot‐Trockensubstanz bewirkten folgenden Ansatz:
Der Stärkewert betrug:
100 g verdaute organische Substanz bewirkten folgenden Ansatz:
Die Wertigkeit betrug:
Beifutter für Milchkühe auf der Weide.
Authors: Haring F. , Kublitz M. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungMit insgesamt 21 Kühen in 3 Gruppen werden Kakaoschalen, Sauerkartoffeln und eine vielseitige Kraftfuttermischung mit tierischem Eiweiß und Fett als Beifutter zum Weidegang untersucht. Die Kakaoschalen steigern die Milchfettprozente um maximal 1,0%. Dabei sinkt die Milchmenge um 2,0 kg und mehr. Die Grenze der Aufnahmewilligkeit für Kakaoschalen liegt bei 1810 g je Tier und Tag. Die Beifütterung von Sauerkartoffeln läßt keine deutlichen Einflüsse auf Fettprozent und Milchmenge erkennen. Die vielseitige Kraftfuttermischung wirkt steigernd auf den Milchfettgehalt und die Milchmenge. Schädigende Einflüsse wurden bei keinem Beifutter beobachtet.
Bemerkungen zu der Arbeit von H. Møllgaard: Analyse des Wachstums mittels Differentialgleichungen der Partialprozesse des synthetischen Stoffwechsels
Authors: Hohls H.‐W. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungEs werden zwei graphische Methoden angegeben, mit deren Hilfe sich die Q‐Werte direkt aus den Kurven des täglichen Gewichtszuwachses oder des relativen täglichen Geewichtszuwachses bestimmen lassen. Ferner wird der Verlauf der Q‐Werte von der Geburt bis zur ßeendigung des Wachstums festgestellt und diskutiert, wieweit neben den Q‐Werten weitere Meßdaten berücksichtigt werden müssen, urn eindeutige Schlüsse aus den Q‐Werten ziehen zu können.