bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiomic based investigation of a potential link between precuneus and fusiform gyrus with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sharma Simran , Kundal Kavita , Chandok Ishsirjan Kaur , Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Rahul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is acknowledged as one of the most common types of dementia. Various brain regions were found to associated with AD pathology. Precuneus and fusiform gyrus are two notable regions whose role has been implicated in cognitive function. However, a thorough investigation was lacking to link these regions with AD pathology. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive radiomic based investigation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to link precuneus and fusiform gyrus with AD pathology. We obtained T1 weighted MR scans of AD (n=133), MCI (n=311) and CN (n=195) subjects from ADNI database at three different time points (i.e., 0, 6 and 12 months). Then, we conducted statistical analysis to compare these features among AD, MCI and CN subjects. We found significant decline in gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness of both precuneus and fusiform gyrus in AD as compared to the MCI and CN subjects. Further, we utilized these features to develop machine learning classifiers to classify AD from MCI and CN subjects and achieved accuracy of 97.78% and 94.41% respectively. These results strengthen the connection of precuneus and fusiform gyrus with AD pathology and opens a new avenue of AD research.
Effect of time restricted eating versus daily calorie restriction on sex hormones in males and females with obesity
Authors: Lin Shuhao , Cienfuegos Sofia , Ezpeleta Mark , Pavlou Vasiliki , Runchey Mary-Claire , Varady Krista A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examined the effects of time restricted eating (TRE) on sex hormones in males and females, versus daily calorie restriction (CR). Adults with obesity (n = 90) were randomized to 1 of 3 groups for 12-months: 8-h TRE (eating only between 12:00 to 8:00 pm, with no calorie counting); CR (25% energy restriction daily); or control. Body weight decreased (P < 0.01) in the TRE and CR groups, relative to controls, in males, premenopausal females, and postmenopausal females, by month 12. Total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels did not change over time, or between groups, in males, premenopausal females, and postmenopausal females. Estradiol, estrone, and progesterone were only measured in postmenopausal females, and remained unchanged. These findings suggest that TRE produces significant weight loss but does not impact circulating sex hormone levels in males and females with obesity over 12 months, relative to CR and controls.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov,NCT04692532.
Errors of attention adaptively warp spatial cognition
Authors: Brissenden James A. , Yin Yitong , Vesia Michael , Lee Taraz G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdaptation is the process by which we adjust internal models of the body, world, and mind in response to sensory feedback. While adaptation is studied extensively in the context of motor control, there is limited evidence that cognitive functions such as working memory are subject to the same error-driven adaptive control mechanism. To examine the possibility that internal spatial representations undergo adaptation, we had participants perform a task that interleaved a perceptual discrimination task and a spatial working memory task. Perceptual discrimination trials (85% of trials) presented an initial peripheral cue to exogenously capture attention, immediately followed by a displaced target stimulus. This sequence of events served to repeatedly induce a covert attentional allocation error. Interleaved spatial working memory trials (15% of trials) presented a stimulus at a pseudorandom peripheral location followed by a delay interval. On half of the working memory trials, the stimulus was surreptitiously presented at the same location as the initial attentional cue. We found that as attentional errors accumulated over the course of the experiment, participants’ spatial recall shifted to counteract the attentional error. The magnitude of this shift was proportional to the number of induced errors. Recall performance rapidly recovered following the offset of error trials. Multiple control experiments ruled out alternative explanations for these results, such as oculomotor confounds and attentional biases unrelated to error. These findings indicate that the computational mechanisms governing the adaptation of motor commands appear to similarly serve to adjust and calibrate spatial cognition.
Test–Retest Reliability of Meta Analytic Networks During Naturalistic Viewing
Authors: Kröll Jean-Philippe , Friedrich Patrick , Li Xuan , Nurislamova Yulia , Kraljevic Nevena , Geiger Anna , Mans Julia , Waite Laura , Caspers Julian , Qian Xing , Chee Michael WL , Zhou Juan Helen , Eickhoff Simon , Weis Susanne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFunctional connectivity analyses have given considerable insights into human brain function and organization. As research moves towards clinical application, test-retest reliability has become a main focus of the field. So far, the majority of studies have relied on resting-state paradigms to examine brain connectivity, based on its low demand and ease of implementation. However, the reliability of resting-state measures is mostly moderate, potentially due to its unconstrained nature. Recently, naturalistic viewing paradigms have gained popularity because they probe the human brain under more ecologically valid conditions, thereby possibly increasing reliability. Therefore, we here compared the reliability of graph metrics extracted from resting-state and naturalistic viewing in functional networks, across two sessions. We show that naturalistic viewing can increase reliability over resting-state, but that its effect varies between stimuli and networks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the effect of naturalistic viewing differs between two cohorts with Asian and European cultural backgrounds. Taken together, our study encourages the use of naturalistic viewing to increase reliability, but emphasizes the need to carefully select the appropriate stimulus and network for the respective research question.
Linking heartbeats with the cortical network dynamics involved in self-social touch distinction
Authors: Candia-Rivera Diego , de Vico Fallani Fabrizio , Boehme Rebecca , Salamone Paula C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch on interoception has revealed the role of heartbeats in shaping our perceptual awareness and embodying a first-person perspective. These heartbeat dynamics exhibit distinct responses to various types of touch. We advanced that those dynamics are directly associated to the brain activity that allows self-other distinction. In our study encompassing self and social touch, we employed a method to quantify the distinct couplings of temporal patterns in cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activities with brain connectivity. Our findings revealed that social touch led to an increase in the coupling between frontoparietal networks and parasympathetic/vagal activity, particularly in alpha and gamma bands. Conversely, as social touch progressed, we observed a decrease in the coupling between brain networks and sympathetic dynamics across a broad frequency range. These results show how heartbeat dynamics are intertwined with brain organization and provide fresh evidence on the neurophysiological mechanisms of self-social touch distinction.
Hematopoietic growth factors Regulate Entry of Monocytes into the Adult Brain via Chemokine Receptor CCR5
Authors: Ren Xuefang , He Junchi , Hu Heng , Kohsaka Shinichi , Zhao Li-Ru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMonocytes are circulating macrophage precursors and are generated from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. In the adults, monocytes continuously replenish cerebral border-associated macrophages under a physiological condition. Monocytes also rapidly infiltrate into the brain in the settings of pathological conditions. The mechanisms of recruiting monocyte-derived macrophages into the brain under pathological conditions have been extensively studied. However, it remains unclear how monocytes enter the brain for renewal of border-associated macrophages under the physiological condition. Using bothin vitroandin vivoapproaches, this study reveals that the combination of two hematopoietic growth factors, stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), complementarily and synergistically enhances adhesion of monocytes to cerebral endothelial cells in a dose dependent manner. Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in brain endothelial cells, but not cell adhesion molecules mediating neuroinflammation-related infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages, modulates the SCF+G-CSF-enhanced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Blocking CCR5 or genetically deleting CCR5 reduces monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion induced by SCF+G-CSF. SCF+G-CSF-enhanced recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages in cerebral perivascular space is also reduced in adult CCR5 knockout mice. This study demonstrates the contribution of SCF and G-CSF in regulating the entry of monocytes into the adult brain to replenish perivascular macrophages.
MEA-seqX: High-resolution Profiling of Large-scale Electrophysiological and Transcriptional Network Dynamics
Authors: Emery Brett Addison , Hu Xin , Klütsch Diana , Khanzada Shahrukh , Larsson Ludvig , Dumitru Ionut , Frisén Jonas , Lundeberg Joakim , Kempermann Gerd , Amin Hayder 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConcepts of brain function imply congruence and mutual causal influence between molecular events and neuronal activity. Decoding entangled information from concurrent molecular and electrophysiological network events demands innovative methodology bridging scales and modalities. Our MEA-seqX platform, integrating high-density microelectrode arrays, spatial transcriptomics, optical imaging, and advanced computational strategies, enables the simultaneous recording and analysis of molecular and electrical network activities at the level of individual cells. Applied to a mouse hippocampal model of experience-dependent plasticity, MEA-seqX unveiled massively enhanced nested dynamics between transcription and function. Graph-theoretic analysis revealed an increase in densely connected bimodal hubs, marking the first observation of coordinated spatiotemporal dynamics in hippocampal circuitry at both molecular and functional levels. This platform also identified different cell types based on their distinct bimodal profiles. Machine-learning algorithms accurately predicted network-wide electrophysiological features from spatial gene expression, demonstrating a previously inaccessible convergence across modalities, time, and scales.
An anesthetized rat assay for evaluating the effects of organophosphate-based compounds and countermeasures on intracranial EEG and respiratory rate
Authors: Thinschmidt J.S. , Talton J.D. , Harden S.W. , Frazier C.J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of medical countermeasures (MCMs) against organophosphate (OP) induced poisoning is of substantial importance. Use of conventional therapeutics is complicated by off-target effects and restricted penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, a concerted effort is underway to discover improved acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonists, and other countermeasures with broader spectrum activity and enhanced CNS efficacy. We recently developed a rat brain slice assay to assess the efficacy of AChE reactivators and mAChR antagonists against the acute effects of the organophosphorus AChE inhibitor 4-nitrophenyl isopropyl methylphosphonate (NIMP) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Here we introduce a complimentary anesthetized animal model to evaluate the same compoundsin vivowith concurrent monitoring of EEG and respiratory rate. We find that intravenous delivery of 0.5 mg/kg NIMP reliably produces seizure like activity in the BLA, with concurrent respiratory depression and eventual respiratory failure. The central effects of AChE reactivators and mAChR antagonists delivered intravenously are consistent with their expected ability to cross the BBB. Combining our previously describedin vitroassay with the methods described here provides a relatively comprehensive set of preclinical tools for evaluating the efficacy of novel MCMs. Notably, using these methods potentially obviates subjecting conscious animals to cholinergic crises, which aligns with the AAALAC’s 3Rs principle of refinement.
Quantitative and systematic NMR measurements of sequence-dependent A-T Hoogsteen dynamics uncovers unique conformational specificity in the DNA double helix
Authors: Manghrani Akanksha , Rangadurai Atul Kaushik , Szekely Or , Liu Bei , Guseva Serafima , Al-Hashimi Hashim M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe propensities to form lowly-populated short-lived conformations of DNA could vary with sequence, providing an important source of sequence-specificity in biochemical reactions. However, comprehensively measuring how these dynamics vary with sequence is challenging. Using1H CEST and13CR1ρNMR, we measured Watson-Crick to Hoogsteen dynamics for an A-T base pair in thirteen trinucleotide sequence contexts. The Hoogsteen population and exchange rate varied 4-fold and 16-fold, respectively, and were dependent on both the 3’- and 5’-neighbors but only weakly dependent on monovalent ion concentration (25 versus 100 mM NaCl) and pH (6.8 versus 8.0). Flexible TA and CA dinucleotide steps exhibited the highest Hoogsteen populations, and their kinetics rates strongly depended on the 3’-neighbor. In contrast, the stiffer AA and GA steps had the lowest Hoogsteen population, and their kinetics were weakly dependent on the 3’-neighbor. The Hoogsteen lifetime was especially short when G-C neighbors flanked the A-T base pair. The Hoogsteen dynamics had a distinct sequence-dependence compared to duplex stability and minor groove width. Thus, our results uncover a unique source of sequence-specificity hidden within the DNA double helix in the form of A-T Hoogsteen dynamics and establish the utility of1H CEST to quantitively measure sequence-dependent DNA dynamics.
Developmental and adult striatal patterning of nociceptin ligand marks striosomal population with direct dopamine projections
Authors: Hueske Emily , Stine Carrie , Yoshida Tomoko , Crittenden Jill R. , Gupta Akshay , Johnson Joseph C. , Achanta Ananya S. , Loftus Johnny , Mahar Ara , Hul Dan , Azocar Jesus , Gray Ryan J. , Bruchas Michael R. , Graybiel Ann M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCircuit influences on the midbrain dopamine system are crucial to adaptive behavior and cognition. Recent developments in the study of neuropeptide systems have enabled high-resolution investigations of the intersection of neuromodulatory signals with basal ganglia circuitry, identifying the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) endogenous opioid peptide system as a prospective regulator of striatal dopamine signaling. Using a prepronociceptin-Cre reporter mouse line, we characterized highly selective striosomal patterning ofPnocmRNA expression in mouse dorsal striatum, reflecting early developmental expression ofPnoc. In the ventral striatum, Pnoc expression was was clustered across the nucleus accumbens core and medial shell, including in adult striatum. We found that PnoctdTomatoreporter cells largely comprise a population of dopamine receptor D1 (Drd1) expressing medium spiny projection neurons localized in dorsal striosomes, known to be unique among striatal projections neurons for their direct innervation of midbrain dopamine neurons. These findings provide new understanding of the intersection of the N/OFQ system among basal ganglia circuits with particular implications for developmental regulation or wiring of striatal-nigral circuits.
Synthesis and evaluation of chemical linchpins for highly selective CK2α targeting
Authors: Greco Francesco A. , Krämer Andreas , Wahl Laurenz , Elson Lewis , Ehret Theresa A. L. , Gerninghaus Joshua , Möckel Janina , Müller Susanne , Hanke Thomas , Knapp Stefan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCasein kinase-2 (CK2) are serine/threonine kinases with dual co-factor (ATP and GTP) specificity, that are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular functions. Small molecules targeting CK2 have been described in the literature targeting different binding pockets of the kinase with a focus on type I inhibitors such as the recently published chemical probe SGC-CK2-1. In this study, we investigated whether known allosteric inhibitors binding to a pocket adjacent to helix αD could be combined with ATP mimetic moieties defining a novel class of ATP competitive compounds with a unique binding mode. Linking both binding sites requires a chemical linking moiety that would introduce a 90-degree angle between the ATP mimetic ring system and the αD targeting moiety, which was realized using a sulfonamide. The synthesized inhibitors were highly selective for CK2 with binding constants in the nM range and low micromolar activity. While these inhibitors need to be further improved, the present work provides a structure-based design strategy for highly selective CK2 inhibitors.
Viral chronotypes and their role in shaping seasonal viral dynamics in the Western English Channel
Authors: Bolaños Luis M. , Michelsen Michelle , Temperton Ben 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMarine viruses are key players of ocean biogeochemistry, profoundly influencing microbial community ecology and evolution. Despite their importance, few studies have explored the temporal dynamics of viral genome abundances in marine environments. Viral dynamics are complex, influenced by multiple factors such as host population dynamics and environmental conditions. To disentangle the complexity of viral communities, we developed an unsupervised machine learning framework to classify viral genomes into “chronotypes” based on temporal abundance patterns. Analysing an inter-seasonal monthly time-series of surface viral metagenomes from the Western English Channel, we identified chronotypes and compared their functional and evolutionary profiles. Results revealed a consistent annual cycle with steep compositional changes from winter to summer and steadier transitions from summer to winter. Seasonal chronotypes were enriched in potential auxiliary metabolic genes like ferrochelatases and 2OG-Fe(II) oxygenases compared to non-seasonal types. Chronotypes clustered into four groups based on their correlation profiles with environmental parameters, primarily driven by temperature and nutrients. Viral genomes exhibited a rapid turnover of polymorphisms, akin to Red Queen dynamics. However, within seasonal chronotypes, some sequences exhibited annual polymorphism recurrence, which declined over a 16-month period, suggesting that a fraction of the seasonal viral populations evolve more slowly. Classification into chronotypes revealed viral genomic signatures linked to temporal patterns, likely reflecting metabolic adaptations to environmental fluctuations and host dynamics. This novel framework enables the identification of long-term trends in viral composition, environmental influences on genomic structure, and potential viral interactions.
How does institutional theory illuminate the influence of the digital economy on R&D networks?
Authors: Xing Zeyu , Fang Debin , Wang Jing , Zhang Lupeng 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore how an innovation organization's orientation toward the digital economy influences its position within R&D networks. By using institutional theory, the study aims to forecast market changes and understand how organizations can navigate the digital economy to secure essential resources and minimize dependencies.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a longitudinal panel dataset with 11,763 entries from 1995 to 2018, covering strategic emerging industries in China to analyze the impact of digital economy orientation on R&D networks. Utilizing advanced statistical models, it assesses the role of the legal environment as a moderator. This methodological approach facilitates a robust examination of the nexus between digital orientation and network dynamics within the context of institutional theory.FindingsThe study reveals that an organization's digital economy orientation enhances its centrality in R&D networks but reduces its control over structural holes. The legal environment negatively moderates the impact of digital economy orientation on network centrality, while positively influencing the relationship with network structural holes. These findings offer new insights into how institutional forces shape the strategic positioning of organizations in R&D collaborations.Originality/valueThis research offers a fresh perspective on the digital economy's impact on R&D networks, particularly in the Industry-University-Research (IUR) context. It extends the discourse by integrating institutional theory to elucidate the adaptation of R&D networks in the digital era. By identifying the legal environment as a moderator, the study provides a nuanced understanding of the strategic alignment within networks influenced by digital advancements. The unique focus on China's R&D networks presents a valuable contribution to the global discussion on digital integration and innovation ecosystems, highlighting the intersection of policy, academia, and industry in shaping research and development trajectories.
National culture favouring gender equality, supervisor gender and supportive behaviours towards employees
Authors: Suárez-Ortega Sonia María , Suarez Mar , García-Cabrera Antonia Mercedes 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of the interplay between national culture and supervisor gender on supervisors’ supportive behaviours towards employees in Europe.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on Hofstede’s cultural scores for 34 European countries, two clusters of countries were identified, reflecting two cultural configurations: favouring versus not favouring gender equality (GE). For hypotheses testing, the authors used a sample of 21,335 native employees, obtained from the European Working Conditions Survey.

Findings
Women in supervisory positions, compared to men, provided more support to subordinates in terms of respect, recognition, encouraging development and providing feedback. In countries with cultures favouring progress towards GE (small power distance, weak uncertainty avoidance, individualism and indulgence), only respect and recognition were more prevalent. In countries with opposing cultural configurations, other supportive behaviours stood out: coordinating work, providing feedback and helping with work. Furthermore, the impact of supervisor gender on supportive behaviours was influenced by national culture. Gender differences were larger in countries with a culture favouring progress towards GE compared to countries not favouring such progress.

Originality/value
The authors present a pioneering study that delves into national values as they relate to progress towards GE to understand the differences between male and female supervisors in the display of six supportive behaviours towards their subordinates. Their cultural approach nuances some of the predictions of social role theory.