bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective Capabilities for Organizational Democracy: The Case of Mutual Social Enterprises
Authors: Vickers Ian , Lyon Fergus , Sepulveda Leandro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDemocratic forms of enterprise and economic governance are needed to help address urgent societal challenges where hierarchical decision‐making and governance approaches are clearly failing. There is insufficient understanding, however, of the capabilities needed by enterprises to implement and sustain organizational democracy in pressurized operational contexts. We focus on the role of collective capabilities, which arise from interactions between individuals to create collaboration and collective benefits. Interview evidence from 12 mutual social enterprises – organizations that trade with a social purpose – is used to explore the learning processes that underpin the generation of collective capabilities for organizational democracy. The analysis leads us to a theoretical model of collective capabilities development that responds to three fundamental areas of challenge: (i) Adaptive design of governance structures and processes, to balance ‘bottom‐up’ democracy with ‘top‐down’ stewardship control; (ii) Embedding, extending and revitalizing democracy, by supporting the voice, capabilities and confidence of workers and users to participate in collaborative governance; and (iii) Fostering deliberative learning, to navigate tensions and conflict between plural perspectives and achieve collective aims. In concluding, we reflect on some institutional and cultural barriers to organizational democracy and the case for more concerted policy action to realize its potential as a crucial component of economic democracy.
Talking about borderline personality disorder, shaping care: The multiple doings of narratives
Authors: Seal Emma‐Louise , Kokanović Renata , Flore Jacinthe , Borovica Tamara , Broadbear Jillian H. , McCutcheon Louise , Lawn Sharon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on the narratives that circulate about borderline personality disorder (BPD) in health‐care settings in Australia and the effects such narratives can have on how people practice and seek out care. People with a BPD diagnosis frequently access health‐care services, often encountering stigma and discrimination. Drawing on narrative theory, we critically unpack the circulation and capacities of BPD narratives and the ways they can often contribute to poor and troubling experiences. This article is based on qualitative interviews with people living with a BPD diagnosis, as well as health practitioners who work with people with a BPD diagnosis. Our findings identified insidious and powerful BPD narratives that circulate in health‐care settings, particularly in short‐term, acute, or non‐specialist contexts, such as emergency departments and in‐patient units. These narratives influenced the ways that participants both practiced and sought out care. To improve health service quality for people with a BPD diagnosis, or those experiencing mental distress, it is important to challenge the sociocultural–political norms and relations that can influence approaches to care and practice. Disrupting and reframing negative BPD narratives and raising awareness about the impact of stories that are told about BPD have the potential to generate social change.
Evaluation of deep‐learning TSE images in clinical musculoskeletal imaging
Authors: Vashistha Rajat , Almuqbel Mustafa M , Palmer Nick J , Keenan Ross J , Gilbert Kevin , Wells Scott , Lynch Andrew , Li Andrew , Kingston‐Smith Stephen , Melzer Tracy R , Koerzdoerfer Gregor , O'Brien Kieran 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn this study, we compared the fat‐saturated (FS) and non‐FS turbo spin echo (TSE) magnetic resonance imaging knee sequences reconstructed conventionally (conventional‐TSE) against a deep learning‐based reconstruction of accelerated TSE (DL‐TSE) scans. A total of 232 conventional‐TSE and DL‐TSE image pairs were acquired for comparison. For each consenting patient, one of the clinically acquired conventional‐TSE proton density‐weighted sequences in the sagittal or coronal planes (FS and non‐FS), or in the axial plane (non‐FS), was repeated using a research DL‐TSE sequence. The DL‐TSE reconstruction resulted in an image resolution that increased by at least 45% and scan times that were up to 52% faster compared to the conventional TSE. All images were acquired on a MAGNETOM Vida 3T scanner (Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany). The reporting radiologists, blinded to the acquisition time, were requested to qualitatively compare the DL‐TSE against the conventional‐TSE reconstructions. Despite having a faster acquisition time, the DL‐TSE was rated to depict smaller structures better for 139/232 (60%) cases, equivalent for 72/232 (31%) cases and worse for 21/232 (9%) cases compared to the conventional‐TSE. Overall, the radiologists preferred the DL‐TSE reconstruction in 124/232 (53%) cases and stated no preference, implying equivalence, for 65/232 (28%) cases. DL‐TSE reconstructions enabled faster acquisition times while enhancing spatial resolution and preserving the image contrast. From these results, the DL‐TSE provided added or comparable clinical value and utility in less time. DL‐TSE offers the opportunity to further reduce the overall examination time and improve patient comfort with no loss in diagnostic accuracy.
Dual‐energy CT for occult pelvic fractures: An audit and roc analysis
Authors: Wong Hayley , Logan Christabel , Tsai Yun‐Jung Jack , Doyle Anthony 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is an increasing incidence of hip and pelvic fractures with an ageing population. Accurate and timely diagnosis is important in the emergency setting. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard, it is a limited resource. Dual energy CT (DECT) is comparable to MRI in detection of bone marrow oedema. Our hospital was the first centre in our country to introduce DECT for occult pelvic fractures. We aimed to describe its utility in occult pelvic fractures since commencement.MethodsRetrospective study of consecutive pelvic bone CT (conventional or DECT) performed to look for an occult fracture over a 10‐month period. Sensitivity and specificity calculated based on clinical and imaging follow‐up. ROC study performed where three observers visually interpreted pelvic radiographs, conventional CT and DECT and scored their confidence for an acute fracture from 1 to 5. The null hypothesis was that DECT would not improve observer performance compared with conventional CT.ResultsDECT studies were performed on 178 patients of whom 84 (47%) had acute fractures. Sensitivity on audit was 99% and specificity was 100%. ROC analysis showed that, for all observers, the area under curve increased from radiograph to conventional CT to DECT. The difference between conventional CT and DECT was statistically significant for all observers where metal implants were not present.ConclusionDECT improves accuracy compared to conventional CT in the diagnosis of occult pelvic fractures and should be used for this indication when available.
Enhancing surgical precision in early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer: A novel approach through temporary pulmonary vascular occlusion
Authors: Zhao Yan , You Bin , Li Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate a novel intraoperative localization technique utilizing temporary pulmonary arteriovenous occlusion for enhancing the precision of sublobar resections in early‐stage NSCLC.MethodsConducted from January to November 2023, this study involved 140 patients. During the surgery, key pulmonary vessels were identified using preoperative three‐dimensional (3D) imaging and temporarily occluded with noninvasive clamps to isolate the target lung segment. Following vascular occlusion, indocyanine green (ICG) was administered intravenously to precisely delineate the resection margins. After visually confirming the marked areas, the clamps were released, and a targeted partial resection was performed on the delineated segment. Surgical data, including operation times, surgical margins, and hospitalization costs, were collected and compared with those from a historical control group of 110 patients who underwent traditional pulmonary wedge resections.ResultsIn the study group, the median surgical margin achieved was 16 mm, which was statistically significant compared to 15 mm in the control group (p < 0.05). Operation times were reduced to an average of 58.43 ± 12.962 min, showing a decrease from the control group's average of 69.50 ± 17.544 min (p < 0.05). Hospitalization costs were also lower, averaging $4772.98 ± 624.339 for the study group versus $5161.34 ± 856.336 for the control group (p < 0.05). Patient safety was maintained with no increase in surgical complications.ConclusionThe technique, leveraging temporary pulmonary arteriovenous occlusion, offered a significant advancement in the surgical treatment of peripheral early‐stage NSCLC. It reduced operation time and lowered overall surgical costs. This method represented a promising alternative to traditional surgical approaches.
Identification of nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase as a promising therapeutic target for sarcopenia
Authors: Liang Rui , Xiang Qiao , Dai Miao , Lin Taiping , Xie Dongmei , Song Quhong , Liu Yu , Yue Jirong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSarcopenia is a significant geriatric syndrome that involves the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Due to its substantial endocrine role, the metabolic microenvironment of skeletal muscle undergoes changes with age. Examining the pathogenesis of sarcopenia through focusing on metabolic dysregulation could offer insights for developing more effective intervention strategies. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomics data to identify specific genes involved in the regulation of metabolism in skeletal muscle during the development of sarcopenia. Three machine learning algorithms were employed to screen key target genes exhibiting strong correlations with metabolism, which were further validated using RNA‐sequencing data and publicly accessible datasets. Among them, the metabolic enzyme nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) was elevated in sarcopenia, and predicted sarcopenia with an area under the curve exceeding 0.7, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia. As expected, inhibition of NNMT improved the grip strength in aging mice and alleviated age‐related decline in the mass index of the quadriceps femoris muscles and whole‐body lean mass index. Additionally, the NNMTi treatment increased the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) content, as well as PGC1α and p‐AMPK expression in the muscles of both the D‐galactose‐treated mouse model and naturally aging mouse model. Overall, this work demonstrates NNMT as a promising target for preventing age‐related decline in muscle mass and strength.
Are sleep disorders associated with traumatic dental injuries in school children? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cossa IA , Santos PS , Vitali FC , Santana CM , Bolan M , Cardoso M 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate whether the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in permanent anterior teeth among school children is associated with sleep behaviours and disorders.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years (n = 1402) from Florianopolis, Brazil. Clinical examinations for TDIs were performed according to the classification proposed by Andreasen. Parents/caregivers completed a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics and sleep behaviours/disorders (sleep duration, insomnia, sleep rhythmic movement, snoring, and signs of sleep apnoea). Descriptive analysis and Poisson regression were performed.ResultsThe prevalence of TDIs was 10.9%. Insomnia was observed in 3.0% of the children, snoring in 42.8%, sleep rhythmic movement in 27.9%, and signs of obstructive sleep apnoea in 33.6% of the schoolchildren. Most children (75.2%) slept less than eight hours a day. The prevalence of TDIs was higher among schoolchildren with an increased overjet (PR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.15–2.35; P < 0.01), after adjusting for monthly family income, caregiver's schooling, and sleep behaviours. The prevalence of TDIs was not associated with sleep behaviours/disorders.ConclusionsParent‐reported sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep rhythmic movement, snoring and signs of sleep apnoea were not associated with the prevalence of TDIs in schoolchildren. © 2024 Australian Dental Association.
Biomonitoring of biocontrol across the full annual cycle in temperate climates: Post‐harvest, winter and early‐season interaction data and methodological considerations for its collection
Authors: Cuff Jordan P. , Gajski Domagoj , Michalko Radek , Košulič Ondřej , Pekár Stano 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Conservation biocontrol, the regulation of crop pests by naturally occurring biocontrol agents (e.g., predators and parasitoids), is predominantly monitored throughout periods of primary crop growth when pests exert the most observable impact on yields. Pest‐focused agricultural biomonitoring often overlooks post‐harvest, winter and even early‐season biocontrol, despite the significant predator–pest interactions during these periods that profoundly affect pest abundance and, consequently, crop yields. Rapid advances in biomonitoring, particularly in the detection of predator–pest interactions that underpin biocontrol, provide an opportunity to reconsider how and when we monitor these interactions.
Advances in agricultural biomonitoring must transcend methodological innovation and encompass conceptual changes in the monitoring of agricultural systems. Here, we assess existing evidence supporting the importance of periods beyond primary crop growth for biocontrol and how predator–pest interactions are likely to evolve during these periods, subsequently influencing pest population dynamics during the primary crop growth period.
We advocate for a greater concerted effort to establish continuous monitoring of biocontrol interactions, particularly beyond primary crop growth periods in temperate climates. To facilitate this, we also summarise the methodological approaches that can make it possible and explore how extending sampling across the full annual cycle might impact the practicalities and outcomes of these approaches.
Year‐round monitoring of biocontrol interactions, both in crops and adjacent semi‐natural habitats, will provide a previously intractable understanding of predator–pest dynamics, offering significant potential to enhance our ability to optimise and manipulate these systems. This would manifest in reduced crop yield losses, pest infestation rates and disease transmission, with concomitant long‐term financial, environmental and land‐use benefits.
Prediction of species richness and diversity in sub‐alpine grasslands using satellite remote sensing and random forest machine‐learning algorithm
Authors: Mashiane Katlego , Ramoelo Abel , Adelabu Samuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsRemote‐sensing approaches could be beneficial for monitoring and compiling essential biodiversity data because they are cost‐effective and allow for coverage of large areas over a short period. This study investigated the relationship between multispectral remote‐sensing data from Landsat 8 and Sentinel‐2 and species richness and diversity in mountainous and protected grasslands.LocationsGolden Gate Highlands National Park, Free State, South Africa.MethodsIn‐situ data of plant species composition and cover from 142 plots with 16 relevés each were distributed across the study site and used to calculate species richness and Shannon–Wiener species diversity index (species diversity). We used a machine‐learning random forest algorithm to optimize the prediction of species richness and diversity. The algorithm was used to identify the optimal spectral bands and vegetation indices for estimating species richness and diversity. Subsequently, the selected bands and vegetation indices were used to estimate species richness through random forest regression.ResultsThis research found weak relationships between remote‐sensing vegetation indices and the diversity metrics, but significant relationships were found between some spectral bands and diversity metrics. Moreover, using machine‐learning random forest, the multispectral data sets exhibited strong predictive powers. In this investigation, near‐infrared (NIR) seemed to be the most selected band for both sensors to explain species diversity in mountainous grasslands.Main conclusionsThis finding further ascertains the efficiency of optimizing high spatial resolution spectral information to estimate plant species richness and diversity. This research shows that NIR, Soil‐Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) are the most adequate for predicting species richness and diversity in mountainous grasslands with relatively good accuracies. Plant phenology and the choice of sensor affect the relationship between spectral information and species diversity variables.
Effects of conflicting emotional cues on toddlers’ emotion perception
Authors: Brady Shannon M. , Ogren Marissa , Johnson Scott P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe communication of emotion is dynamic and occurs across multiple channels, such as facial expression and tone of voice. When cues are in conflict, interpreting emotion can become challenging. Here, we examined the effects of incongruent emotional cues on toddlers’ interpretation of emotions. We presented 33 children (22–26 months, Mage = 23.8 months, 15 female) with side‐by‐side images of faces along with sentences spoken in a tone of voice that conflicted with semantic content. One of the two faces matched the emotional tone of the audio, whereas the other matched the semantic content. For both congruent and incongruent trials, toddlers showed no overall looking preference to either type of face stimuli. However, during the second exposure to the sentences of incongruent trials, older children tended to look longer to the face matching semantic content when listening to happy vs. angry content. Results inform our understanding of the early development of complex emotion understanding.
Developmental Trajectories of Cybervictimization Among Canadian Adolescents: The Impact of Socializing Online and Sharing Personal Information
Authors: Xiao Bowen , Shapka Jennifer D. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe goal of the present study was to investigate the developmental trajectories of cybervictimization, as well as to identify how risk factors such as the sharing of personal information online and engaging in online socializing was related to cybervictimization from age 13 to 16 for Canadian adolescents. Participants included 354 adolescents from the Lower Mainland of British Columbia who were in Grades 6 and 7 at Wave 1 of the study (193 boys, Mage = 13.65 years, SD = 0.71 year). Three years of longitudinal data on cybervictimization, sharing personal information online and time spent socializing online were collected from self‐reports surveys. Results from latent class growth analysis identified three different trajectories of cybervictimization: a moderate‐increasing trajectory (49 adolescents, 12.7% of the sample), low‐increasing trajectory (292 adolescents, 75.8% of the sample) and high‐decreasing trajectory (13 adolescents, 3.44% of the sample). Adolescents who reported higher scores on sharing personal information and socializing online were more likely to be in moderate‐increasing subgroup. This study makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of the developmental trajectories of cybervictimization in a Western context, from late childhood through to early adolescent.
Psychosocial experiences of clinicians providing care for children with severe neurological impairment
Authors: Nevin Suzanne M. , Le Marne Fleur A. , Beavis Erin , Macintosh Rebecca , Palmer Elizabeth E. , Sachdev Rani , Nunn Kenneth , Bye Ann ,   ClinEquip Advisory Group
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate clinicians' psychosocial experiences navigating interdisciplinary care for children with severe neurological impairment (SNI), for example children with a developmental epileptic encephalopathy; secondarily, to identify preferences for future interventions to support clinicians caring for children with SNI.MethodWe conducted a qualitative descriptive study with interdisciplinary clinicians by using a purposeful sampling recruitment strategy. Twenty‐four participants with expertise caring for children with SNI completed in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews. We transcribed the interviews, de‐identified them, and performed inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThematic analysis elicited interrelated themes. Clinicians experienced immense professional barriers providing patient‐centred care across fragmented healthcare contexts. Physical, emotional, and psychological impacts were attributed to inadequate reflective practice training and a paucity of integrated resources to support clinicians over time. Multipronged strategies were prioritized by clinicians, incorporating psychoeducation, interdisciplinary peer mentorship, and psychological resources to build reflective practice skills for clinicians providing complex care in an advancing era of medicine.InterpretationThis study provides novel and in‐depth insight into clinicians' experiences navigating care for children with SNI. The results will be used to inform future integrated and multipronged co‐developed resources tailored for clinicians, on the basis of their recommendations.
Sexual dimorphism and species divergence between a habitat generalist and a habitat specialist
Authors: Sudasinghe Hiranya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSexual dimorphism, the phenotypic differences between males and females within a species, is widespread in the animal kingdom. This study investigates the extent of sexual dimorphism and species divergence in external morphology in two closely related freshwater fish species, Devario malabaricus and D. micronema, in Sri Lanka. Devario malabaricus, a habitat generalist, inhabits a wide range of aquatic environments, while D. micronema, a habitat specialist, resides in shaded rainforest streams. The study reveals size differences between the two species: D. malabaricus is consistently larger than D. micronema. However, there are no size differences between the sexes within each species. Several additional morphological traits, such as head length, interorbital width, predorsal length and postdorsal length display divergence between the species as well as between the sexes within each species; these patterns are also consistent across populations. The sexually dimorphic traits are similar between the two species despite their distinct ecological habitats. However, Devario malabaricus exhibit stronger sexual dimorphism compared to D. micronema, supporting the prediction of a positive relationship between the extent of sexual dimorphism and ecological generalism. The study highlights the importance of considering sexual dimorphism in morphometric comparisons in taxonomic studies of Devario and suggests that divergent selection between the sexes contributes to morphological variation in this group.