bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotic disorder, hypertension and seizures associated with vitamin B12 deficiency: a case report
Authors: Dogan M , Ariyuca S , Peker E , Akbayram S , Dogan ŞZ , Ozdemir O , Cesur Y 
Published: October 2011

This report highlights a rare presentation of vitamin B12 deficiency (concurrent psychotic disorder, seizures and hypertension). A 16-year-old girl presented with nervousness that had been persisting for 2 weeks. She had stopped eating and there was decreased self-care and she could not walk and sleep. Two days prior to admission, generalized tonic–clonic convulsions were noted. On physical examination, vital signs were normal, except for hypertension (150/100 mm Hg). She did not respond to conversation; she could not answer the questions. Mood was depressive and hallucinations were noted. Laboratory analyses were normal, except for a low vitamin B12 level (<150 pg mL−1). The patient was not given any treatment of hypertension, psychosis or seizures, except vitamin B12 injections. After that, she showed improvement within 1 week. In the 7 days of hospitalization, the arterial blood pressure returned to normal, psychotic symptoms were resolved, the visual hallucinations and the depressive mood subsided, and she could eat and speak clearly. No hypertension or convulsions have been detected on the control examinations, and she has now been followed-up without any symptoms or findings. In conclusion, with this report we emphasized that psychosis, seizures and hypertension can be a rare manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency, which is reversible with therapy and serum vitamin B12 level should be checked in patients who do not have an obvious cause for psychosis, seizures or hypertension.
Toxicity of melamine and cyanuric acid in broilers and residues in tissues
Authors: Ding X-M , Zhang K-Y , Wang L , Bai S-P 
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this study was to characterize the toxicity potential of melamine (MEL), cyanuric acid (CYA), and a combination of MEL and CYA in broilers. A total of 720 commercial 1-day-old COBB 500 male broilers were randomly allotted into 6 groups with 6 replicates each and 20 broilers in each replicate. The dietary treatments were as follows: group I was the control group, group II included 10 mg/kg MEL and 3.3 mg/kg CYA, group III included 30 mg/kg MEL and 10 mg/kg CYA, group IV included 100 mg/kg MEL and 33.3 mg/kg CYA, group V included 100 mg/kg MEL, and group VI included 33.3 mg/kg CYA. The trial lasted for 42 days. CYA alone and the combination of MEL and CYA had adverse effects on the performance, but MEL alone had no effects on the performance. On day 21, the uric acid (UA) content of group IV was increased in serum ( p < 0.05); on day 42, the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8 increased in group IV ( p < 0.05); 100 mg/kg MEL alone increased the level of TNF-α and the rate of renal apoptosis ( p < 0.05); and 33.3 mg/kg CYA alone increased the level of IL-8 and the rate of renal apoptosis ( p < 0.05). The livers contained MEL concentrations of 17–125 μg/kg wet weight and CYA concentrations of 28–73 μg/kg, and the muscle contained MEL concentrations of 14–105 μg/kg wet weight. It was indicated that MEL alone, CYA alone, and a combination of MEL and CYA inhibit the growth and damage the kidney and liver.
Studies on the toxicological effect of nevirapine, an antiretroviral drug, on the liver, kidney and testis of male Wistar rats
Authors: Adaramoye OA , Adesanoye OA , Adewumi OM , Akanni O 
Published: October 2011

We investigated the toxic effect of nevirapine (NVP; Viramune®), an antiretroviral drug, on the liver, kidney and testis of Wistar rats. Twenty-one rats were assigned into 3 groups of 7 animals each. The first group served as control, and the second and third groups received NVP at 18 and 36 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Clinical signs of toxicity were not observed in the animals. NVP at both doses did not significantly ( p > 0.05) alter the body weight gain, relative weights of kidney and testis, serum protein, urea, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase levels of the animals. However, NVP2 significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the relative weight of liver, level of serum total bilirubin and activities of γ-glutamyl transferase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. NVP administration caused a dose-dependent, significant ( p < 0.05) elevation of lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver, kidney and testis of the rats. Hepatic, renal and testicular MDA were increased by 107%, 80% and 163%, respectively, in NVP2-treated rats. Elevation in MDA was accompanied by a significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in the activities of hepatic, renal and testicular superoxide dismutase and catalase. NVP2 caused 43% and 32% decrease in spermatozoa motility and live/dead sperm count, respectively, and 94% increase in total sperm abnormalities. Histopathological findings showed that NVP2 caused degeneration of seminiferous tubules in testis, and severe necrosis in liver slides. NVP induced oxidative stress with corresponding decrease in antioxidant status of the rats. The changes in sperm parameters and, elevation of liver marker enzymes suggest an interference of NVP2 with these organs.
Bacteremia During Quinsy and Elective Tonsillectomy
Authors: Klug Tejs Ehlers , Henriksen Jens-Jacob , Rusan Maria , Fuursted Kurt , Ovesen Therese 
Published: October 2011

Aims: Bacteremia during elective tonsillectomy is well recognized, whereas bacteremia during quinsy tonsillectomy has never been studied. The aim of the present study was to explore the incidence of bacteremia during elective and quinsy tonsillectomy in order to evaluate the antibiotic prophylaxis recommendations to patients at high risk of infective endocarditis who are undergoing tonsillectomy. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 80 patients undergoing elective tonsillectomy and 36 patients undergoing acute tonsillectomy due to peritonsillar abscess. Blood cultures, tonsillar swabs, core tissue, and pus aspirates were analyzed by standard microbiological techniques. Results: Bacteremia was detected in 73% of patients during elective tonsillectomy compared to 56% during quinsy tonsillectomy ( P = .089, Fishers exact test). Significantly more blood culture bottles were positive for each isolate obtained from elective tonsillectomy cases compared to quinsy tonsillectomy cases ( P < .001, Spearman rank correlation). In all, 59% and 42% of electively and acutely tonsillectomized patients, respectively, had bacteremia with microorganisms that are predominant in bacterial endocarditis. Ninety-three percent of the isolated strains were sensitive to amoxicillin, and all were sensitive to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Discussion: Our results challenge the distinction made by the European Society of Cardiology between elective and quinsy tonsillectomy, with regard to antibiotic prophylaxis recommendation only to patients undergoing procedures to treat an established infection. To provide full empiric coverage, including coverage for Staphylococcus aureus, we advocate the use of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid in patients at high risk of infective endocarditis.
Loss of genes for DNA recombination and repair in the reductive genome evolution of thioautotrophic symbionts of Calyptogena clams
Authors: Kuwahara Hirokazu , Takaki Yoshihiro , Shimamura Shigeru , Yoshida Takao , Maeda Taro , Kunieda Takekazu , Maruyama Tadashi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Two Calyptogena clam intracellular obligate symbionts, Ca. Vesicomyosocius okutanii (Vok; C. okutanii symbiont) and Ca. Ruthia magnifica (Rma; C. magnifica symbiont), have small genomes (1.02 and 1.16 Mb, respectively) with low G+C contents (31.6% and 34.0%, respectively) and are thought to be in an ongoing stage of reductive genome evolution (RGE). They lack recA and some genes for DNA repair, including mutY. The loss of recA and mutY is thought to contribute to the stabilization of their genome architectures and GC bias, respectively. To understand how these genes were lost from the symbiont genomes, we surveyed these genes in the genomes from 10 other Calyptogena clam symbionts using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results
Phylogenetic trees reconstructed using concatenated 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences showed that the symbionts formed two clades, clade I (symbionts of C. kawamurai, C. laubieri, C. kilmeri, C. okutanii and C. soyoae) and clade II (those of C. pacifica, C. fausta, C. nautilei, C. stearnsii, C. magnifica, C. fossajaponica and C. phaseoliformis). recA was detected by PCR with consensus primers for recA in the symbiont of C. phaseoliformis. A detailed homology search revealed a remnant recA in the Rma genome. Using PCR with a newly designed primer set, intact recA or its remnant was detected in clade II symbionts. In clade I symbionts, the recA coding region was found to be mostly deleted.
In the Rma genome, a pseudogene of mutY was found. Using PCR with newly designed primer sets, mutY was not found in clade I symbionts but was found in clade II symbionts. The G+C content of 16S and 23S rRNA genes in symbionts lacking mutY was significantly lower than in those with mutY.

Conclusions
The extant Calyptogena clam symbionts in clade II were shown to have recA and mutY or their remnants, while those in clade I did not. The present results indicate that the extant symbionts are losing these genes in RGE, and that the loss of mutY contributed to the GC bias of the genomes during their evolution.
Molecular typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Liu Qiao , Yang Dandan , Xu Weiguo , Wang Jianming , LV Bing , Shao Yan , Song Honghuan , Li Guoli , Dong Haiyan , Wan Kanglin , Wang Hua 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Globally, China is the second place with high burden of tuberculosis (TB). To explore the characteristics of the pathogens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) circulating in this area is helpful for understanding and controlling the spread of the strains. Recent developments in molecular biology have allowed prompt identification and tracking specific strains of MTB spreading through the population.

Methods
Spacer-oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) were performed in combination to yield specific genetic profiles of 260 MTB strains isolated from 30 counties of Jiangsu province in China between June and July 2010. The spoligotyping results were in comparison to the world Spoligotyping Database of Institute Pasteur de Guadeloupe (SpolDB4). Drug susceptibility test (DST) was performed on all strains by proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture media.

Results
Based on the spoligotyping method, 246 strains displayed known patterns and 14 were absent in the database. Predominant spoligotypes belonged to the Beijing family (80.4%). By using the 24-loci VNTR typing scheme, 224 different patterns were identified, including 20 clusters and 204 unique patterns. The largest clade comprised 195 strains belonging to the Beijing family. The combination of spoligotyping and 24-loci MIRU-VNTR demonstrated maximal discriminatory power. Furthermore, we observed a significant association between Beijing family strains and drug-resistant phenotypes. The Beijing family strains presented increased risks for developing multi-drug resistant TB, with the OR (95% CI) of 11.07(1.45-84.50).

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated that Beijing family isolates were the most prevalent strains circulating in Jiangsu province of China. The utility of spoligotyping in combination with 24-loci MIRU-VNTR might be a useful tool for epidemiological analysis of MTB transmission.
Clinical and genetic analyses of three Korean families with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Kim Mi-Jung , Kim Seon-Tae , Lee Hyoung-Doo , Lee Kyu-Yong , Seo Jiyoung , Lee Jae-Bom , Lee Young-Jae , Oh Suk P 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal-dominant vascular disorder, characterized by recurrent epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectases, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in various visceral organs. Endoglin (ENG) and activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ACVRL1; ALK1), receptors for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, have been identified as the principal HHT-causing genes.

Methods
Three unrelated Korean HHT patients and their asymptomatic as well as symptomatic family members were genetically diagnosed by sequencing whole exons and their flanking regions of ENG and ACVRL1. Functionality of an aberrant translation start codon, which is created by a substitution mutation at the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of ENG found in a HHT family, was tested by transient in vitro transfection assay. Decay of the mutant transcripts was also assessed by allele-specific expression analysis.

Results
Two ENG and one ACVRL1 mutations were identified: a known ENG mutation (c.360+1G > A; p.Gly74_Tyr120del); a novel ENG mutation (c.1-127C > T); and a novel ACVRL1 mutation (c.252_253insC; p.Val85fsX168). We further validated that the 5'-UTR ENG mutation prevents translation of ENG from the biological translation initiation site of the mutant allele, and leads to degradation of the mutant transcripts.

Conclusions
This is the first experimental demonstration that a 5'-UTR mutation can prevent translation of ENG among HHT patients, and further supports the previous notion that haploinsufficiency is the primary mechanism of HHT1. Our data also underscore the importance of including exons encoding 5' UTR for HHT mutation screening.
Isolated metastasis of colon cancer to the scapula: is surgical resection warranted?
Authors: Onesti Jill K , Mascarenhas Christopher R , Chung Mathew H , Davis Alan T 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Distant metastases from colon cancer spread most frequently to the liver and the lung. Risk factors include positive lymph nodes and high grade tumors. Isolated metastases to the appendicular skeleton are very rare, particularly in the absence of identifiable risk factors.

Case report
The patient was a 55 year old male with no previous personal or family history of colon cancer. Routine screening revealed a sigmoid adenocarcinoma. He underwent resection with primary anastomosis and was found to have Stage IIA colon cancer. He declined chemotherapy as part of a clinical trial, and eight months later was found to have an isolated metastasis in his right scapula. This was treated medically, but grew to 12 × 15 cm. The patient underwent a curative forequarter amputation and is now more than four years from his original colon surgery.

Discussion
Stage IIA colon cancers are associated with a high five year survival rate, and chemotherapy is not automatically given. If metastases occur, they are likely to arise from local recurrence or follow lymphatic dissemination to the liver or lungs. Isolated skeletal metastases are quite rare and are usually confined to the axial skeleton. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an isolated scapular metastasis in a patient with node negative disease. The decision to treat the recurrence with radiation and chemotherapy did not reduce the tumor, and a forequarter amputation was eventually required.

Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of adequately analyzing the stage of colon cancer and offering appropriate treatment. Equally important is the early involvement of a surgeon in discussing the timing of the treatment for recurrence. Perhaps if the patient had received chemotherapy or earlier resection, he could have been spared the forequarter amputation. The physician must also be aware of the remote possibility of an unusual presentation of metastasis in order to pursue timely work up.
Immunologic and virologic failure after first-line NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy in Thai HIV-infected children
Authors: Bunupuradah Torsak , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Kosalaraksa Pope , Kerr Stephen , Boonrak Pitch , Prasitsuebsai Wasana , Lumbiganon Pagakrong , Mengthaisong Tawan , Phasomsap Chayapa , Pancharoen Chitsanu , Ruxrungtham Kiat , Ananworanich Jintanat 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
There are limited data of immunologic and virologic failure in Asian HIV-infected children using non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We examined the incidence rate of immunologic failure (IF) and virologic failure (VF) and the accuracy of using IF to predict VF in Thai HIV-infected children using first-line NNRTI-based HAART.

Methods
Antiretroviral (ART)-naïve HIV-infected children from 2 prospective cohorts treated with NNRTI-based HAART during 2001-2008 were included. CD4 counts were performed every 12 weeks and plasma HIV-RNA measured every 24 weeks. Immune recovery was defined as CD4%≥25%. IF was defined as persistent decline of ≥5% in CD4% in children with CD4%<15% at baseline or decrease in CD4 count ≥30% from baseline. VF was defined as HIV-RNA>1,000 copies/ml after at least 24 weeks of HAART. Clinical and laboratory parameter changes were assessed using a paired t-test, and a time to event approach was used to assess predictors of VF. Sensitivity and specificity of IF were calculated against VF.

Results
107 ART-naive HIV-infected children were included, 52% female, % CDC clinical classification N:A:B:C 4:44:30:22%. Baseline data were median (IQR) age 6.2 (4.2-8.9) years, CD4% 7 (3-15), HIV-RNA 5.0 (4.9-5.5) log10copies/ml. Nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV)-based HAART were started in 70% and 30%, respectively.
At 96 weeks, none had progressed to a CDC clinical classification of AIDS and one had died from pneumonia. Overall, significant improvement of weight for age z-score (p = 0.014), height for age z-score, hemoglobin, and CD4 were seen (all p < 0.001). The median (IQR) CD4% at 96 weeks was 25 (18-30)%. Eighty-nine percent of children had immune recovery (CD4%≥25%) and 75% of children had HIV-RNA <1.7log10copies/ml.
Thirty five (32.7%) children experienced VF within 96 weeks. Of these, 24 (68.6%) and 31 (88.6%) children had VF in the first 24 and 48 weeks respectively.
Only 1 (0.9%) child experienced IF within 96 weeks and the sensitivity (95%CI) of IF to VF was 4 (0.1-20.4)% and specificity was 100 (93.9-100)%.

Conclusion
Immunologic failure, as defined here, had low sensitivity compared to VF and should not be recommended to detect treatment failure. Plasma HIV-RNA should be performed twice, at weeks 24 and 48, to detect early treatment failure.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov identification number
NCT00476606
Resveratrol enhances prostate cancer cell response to ionizing radiation. Modulation of the AMPK, Akt and mTOR pathways
Authors: Rashid Ayesha , Liu Caiqiong , Sanli Toran , Tsiani Evangelia , Singh Gurmit , Bristow Robert G , Dayes Ian , Lukka Himu , Wright James , Tsakiridis Theodoros 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PrCa) displays resistance to radiotherapy (RT) and requires radiotherapy dose escalation which is associated with greater toxicity. This highlights a need to develop radiation sensitizers to improve the efficacy of RT in PrCa. Ionizing radiation (IR) stimulates pathways of IR-resistance and survival mediated by the protein kinase Akt but it also activates the metabolic energy sensor and tumor suppressor AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK). Here, we examined the effects of the polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) on the IR-induced inhibition of cell survival, modulation of cell cycle and molecular responses in PrCa cells.MethodsAndrogen-insensitive (PC3), sensitive (22RV1) PrCa and PNT1A normal prostate epithelial cells were treated with RSV alone (2.5-10 μM) or in combination with IR (2-8 Gy). Clonogenic assays, cell cycle analysis, microscopy and immunoblotting were performed to assess survival, cell cycle progression and molecular responses.ResultsRSV (2.5-5 μM) inhibited clonogenic survival of PC3 and 22RV1 cells but not of normal prostate PNT1A cells. RSV specifically sensitized PrCa cells to IR, induced cell cycle arrest at G1-S phase and enhanced IR-induced nuclear aberrations and apoptosis. RSV enhanced IR-induced expression of DNA damage (γH2Ax) and apoptosis (cleaved-caspase 3) markers as well as of the cell cycle regulators p53, p21cip1and p27kip1. RSV enhanced IR-activation of ATM and AMPK but inhibited basal and IR-induced phosphorylation of Akt.ConclusionsOur results suggest that RSV arrests cell cycle, promotes apoptosis and sensitizes PrCa cells to IR likely through a desirable dual action to activate the ATM-AMPK-p53-p21cip1/p27kip1and inhibit the Akt signalling pathways.
The glucocorticoid dexamethasone programs human dendritic cells for enhanced phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils and inflammatory response
Authors: Hodrea Judit , Majai Gyöngyike , Doró Zoltán , Zahuczky Gábor , Pap Attila , Rajnavölgyi Éva , Fésüs László 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
GCs are powerful anti-inflammatory compounds inhibiting inflammatory cell recruitment and production of proinflammatory cytokines. We have recently found that DCs, the key players of T cell priming and polarization, respond to allogeneic apoptotic neutrophils with proinflammatory cytokine release and Th1 cell activation. Here, we show that monocyte-derived human DCs develop their capacity to engulf apoptotic cells by up-regulating a set of apoptophagocytic genes. This gene expression pattern was reprogrammed when differentiation took place in the presence of the synthetic GC Dex, which increased the expression of phagocytosis receptors MERTK and CD14, the bridging molecule C1QA, DNASE2, and ADORA3. The increased phagocytosis was attenuated by the addition of ADORA3 antagonist and could not be observed when bone marrow-derived DCs of ADORA3 KO mice were treated with Dex. The GC-treated human DCs loaded with allogeneic apoptotic neutrophils secreted, in response to LPS and IFN-γ, the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Furthermore, the Dex-treated DCs could activate autologous T lymphocytes toward Th1 effector cells, and this was enhanced by their exposure to allogeneic apoptotic neutrophils.
Glucocorticoids inhibit dendritic cell maturation induced by Toll-like receptor 7 and Toll-like receptor 8
Authors: Larangé Alexandre , Antonios Diane , Pallardy Marc , Kerdine-Römer Saadia 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
GCs are widely prescribed to treat inflammatory disorders and autoimmune and allergic diseases. Their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects may be related, in part, to their ability to control the maturation and functions of DCs. Here, we report that GCs inhibit the maturation of human CD34-DCs induced by the TLR7 agonist imiquimod and the TLR8 agonist 3M-002. GCs down-regulate the expression of CD86, CD40, CD83, CCR7, and HLA-DR on DCs and inhibit IL-6 and IL-12p40 production by DCs following TLR7 and TLR8 stimulation. This inhibitory effect is abolished by RU486, suggesting a role for GR transcriptional activity. Our results also show that GCs do not affect TLR-mediated DNA-binding activity of NF-κBp65. We observe that GCs control the activation of JNK induced by TLR agonists, without affecting its upstream MKK4. However, p38MAPK activation is not affected by GCs. Concomitantly to JNK inhibition, we observe the induction of the DUSP MKP-1 but not of other DUSPs by GCs. However, although silencing of MKP-1 in DCs reverses GC-mediated JNK inhibition, no significant effect on GC-induced inhibition of DC maturation was evidenced. Our results show that GCs alter DC maturation in response to TLR7 or TLR8 through a mechanism involving GR transcriptional activity.