bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5‐HT depletion, but not 5‐HT1A antagonist, prevents the anxiolytic‐like effect of citalopram in rat contextual conditioned fear stress model
Authors: Masuda Takahiro , Nishikawa Hiroyuki , Inoue Takeshi , Toda Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Shin , Boku Shuken , Koyama Tsukasa 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been widely used in the treatment of most anxiety disorders. In this study, to clarify the mechanism of the anxiolytic effect, we investigated the mechanism underlying the effect of the SSRI citalopram on rat contextual conditioned fear stress (CFS), an animal model of anxiety.MethodsRats individually received footshocks in a shock chamber. More than 1 day later, they were given citalopram and/or dl‐p‐chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), various subtype‐selective serotonin (5‐HT) receptor antagonists: the 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635, the 5‐HT2A receptor antagonist MDL 100907, the 5‐HT2C receptor antagonist SB 242084, the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist tropisetron, the 5‐HT4 receptor antagonist GR 125487, the 5‐HT6 receptor antagonist SB 258585 or the 5‐HT7 receptor antagonist SB 269970. After drug administration, freezing behaviour, which was used as an index of anxiety, was analysed in the same shock chamber without shocks.ResultsCitalopram dose dependently reduced conditioned freezing behaviour. The anxiolytic‐like effect of citalopram was prevented completely by pretreatment with the 5‐HT‐depleting agent PCPA, but not by the 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635. Furthermore, none of the subtype‐selective 5‐HT receptor antagonists significantly affected conditioned freezing or affected the anxiolytic‐like effect of citalopram.ConclusionThe anxiolytic‐like effect of citalopram in contextual CFS model depends on 5‐HT availability. In addition, contextual CFS model is suggested to be completely different from conventional anxiety models in neural mechanism or manners of serotonergic involvement. However, further studies are needed to identify the pharmacological mechanisms responsible for the anxiolytic‐like effect of citalopram.
Calming effect of orally administered γ‐aminobutyric acid in Shih Tzu dogs
Authors: UETAKE Katsuji , OKUMOTO Ayano , TANI Noriko , GOTO Akihiro , TANAKA Toshio 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe calming effects of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) by oral administration were investigated in four adult Shih Tzu dogs. Three dosage levels (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight) and non‐administration were tested by an increase and decrease method. Changes in activity (for 1.5 h) and urinary cortisol levels (pre‐administration, 3 and 7 h later) of dogs were monitored after administration. Without reference to dosage level, the mean times spent standing (P = 0.06), sitting (P < 0.05) and walking (P < 0.05) tended to decrease compared to non‐administration. A significant depression in the urinary cortisol level was observed at 7 h after administration (P < 0.05). These results indicate that orally administrated GABA exerts calming effects on dogs as well as humans.
Antagonizing Effects of Soybean Isoflavones on β‐Amyloid Peptide‐Induced Oxidative Damage in Neuron Mitochondria of Rats
Authors: Feng Jin‐Fang , He Ling‐Ling , Li Dan , Yuan Lin‐Hong , Yu Huan‐Ling , Ma Wei‐Wei , Yang Yue , Xi Yuan‐Di , Ding Juan , Xiao Yi‐Xiu , Xiao Rong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSoybean isoflavone (SIF) has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects induced by β‐amyloid peptides (Aβ) through suppressing oxidative stress; however, the explicit mechanisms still remain uncovered. In the present study, 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: an Aβ1‐42‐treated group, a SIF + Aβ1‐42 group, a SIF‐treated group and a control group. We measured the protein content of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OhdG) and mRNA expression of 8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). The protein expression of OGG1, Bcl‐xl, Bad, beta subunit of ATP synthase (ATPB) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in brain was also measured. The results showed that the level of 8‐OHdG in both SIF groups was significantly decreased compared to the Aβ1‐42‐treated group (p < 0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression of OGG1 in the SIF + Aβ1‐42 groups were up‐regulated compared with the Aβ1‐42‐treated groups (p < 0.05). The expression of Bcl‐xl was up‐regulated in the SIF‐treated group compared with the Aβ1‐42‐treated groups (p < 0.05), while the expression of Bad was down‐regulated in the two SIF‐treated groups (p < 0.05). Aβ1‐42 significantly down‐regulated the expression of ATPase and PDH proteins compared with the control group (p < 0.05). SIF reversed the down‐regulation effects on the mitochondrial energy metabolic enzymes induced by Aβ1‐42 (p < 0.05) in the rats. These results suggest that SIF alleviate the oxidative stress in neurons and mitochondria of rat brains mediated by Aβ1‐42, and these protective effects might be associated with the regulation of OGG1, Bad, Bcl‐xl, ATPB and PDH.
Syndrome of inappropriate anti‐diuretic hormone secretion secondary to carboplatin after docetaxel‐carboplatin‐trastuzumab combination for early stage HER‐2 positive breast cancer
Authors: TURNER Natalie , STEWART Josephine , BARNETT Frances , WHITE Shane 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCarboplatin is a platinum analogue, widely used in the treatment of numerous cancer types including lung, genitourinary and ovarian cancers. It is also used in the adjuvant treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer, where a non‐anthracycline regimen is preferred. It is considered generally to be less toxic though potentially less efficacious than cisplatin, another platinum compound. Cisplatin is well recognized as causing hyponatremia, through the mechanism of renal salt wasting. Conversely, carboplatin has only rarely been associated with hyponatremia. We report here a case of severe hyponatremia occurring 6 days after adjuvant treatment with a carboplatin‐containing chemotherapy regimen for early stage breast cancer. The mechanism of hyponatremia was consistent with the syndrome of inappropriate anti‐diuretic hormone secretion based on biochemical and clinical findings, and response to fluid restriction. With no previously reported cases of docetaxel‐associated or trastuzumab‐associated hyponatremia, the causative agent was considered to be carboplatin. Additionally there was no recurrence of hyponatremia on recommencement of docetaxel and trastuzumab therapy. Hyponatremia secondary to carboplatin has been rarely reported in the literature, with only three previously reported cases. Although it is rare, oncologists should be aware of the potential for carboplatin to cause hyponatremia and the need to monitor electrolytes throughout therapy.
Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: An in‐depth look at diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kennedy Sally 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: To provide an in‐depth synthesis of the literature on polymyalgia rheumatic (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) that will assist the primary care nurse practitioner (NP) in recognizing the variety of symptom presentations, accurately evaluating laboratory data, developing a plan of care that includes current treatment guidelines, and adroitly managing patients for improved outcomes.Data sources: A thorough search of the literature was conducted including MEDLINE, CIHAHL, and PubMed encompassing the decades from the 1970s to the present.Conclusions: Because of the varied and vague symptom presentations of PMR and GCA, primary healthcare providers often misdiagnose these pathologies, delaying treatment and relief of suffering. Textbooks descriptions often omit supplemental content necessary to understand the intricacies of the presenting symptoms, diagnostic tests needed for work‐up, and specific treatment for these overlapping pathologies.Implications for practice: Because PMR and GCA often present in the primary care setting, NPs must maintain a high index of suspicion when a patient over 60 years of age presents with vague complaints such as headache, weakness, anorexia, and malaise. Arriving at an accurate diagnosis in a timely fashion will lead to appropriate treatment and minimize patient suffering.
Cognitive dissonance experienced by nurse practitioner faculty
Authors: Fontenot Holly B. , Hawkins Joellen W. , Weiss Josie A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to explicate the concept of cognitive dissonance as experienced and reported by nurse practitioner (NP) faculty members.Data sources: Responses from NP faculty members to an online survey about their experiences with cognitive dissonance.Conclusions: The respondents detailed their experiences with cognitive dissonance, citing differences between expectations for which they are rewarded and those for which they are paid.Implications for practice: Expecting all faculty members to excel in practice, research, teaching, and service may create unrealistic workloads for NP faculty members. Examining expectations and considering creation of a clinical track for faculty who practice may be options administrators of NP programs might explore.
Emergency contraception knowledge among nurse practitioner students
Authors: Lee Carolyn J. , Ahonen Kathleen , Apling Maria , Bork Christopher 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the knowledge level of nurse practitioner (NP) students about emergency contraception (EC), and to explore attitudes about EC that may intersect with willingness to prescribe EC.Data sources: Four hundred and sixty‐seven NP students completed a 30‐item web‐based survey using Vovici survey software.Conclusions: Students who reported formal content on EC in their program of study showed significantly better mean knowledge scores (t= 5.279, df = 459, p < .001). Gaps in NP students’ knowledge of EC mechanisms of action, understanding of indications and contraindications were apparent. Younger students (F(3,457) = 4.994, p < .002), those newer to nursing (F(4,456) = 6.641, p < .0005), and women's health NP students (F(4,445) = 3.488, p < .008), demonstrated significantly better knowledge. Attitudes regarding EC appeared to be tied to the respondent's knowledge about EC.Implications for practice: Knowledge is an important factor in informing NP practice decisions. Clinicians need accurate, evidence‐based knowledge to provide health education and counseling to reproductive age women if unintended pregnancies are to be reduced.
Combined Pharmacophore and 3D‐QSAR Study on A Series of Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A inhibitors
Authors: Uddin Reaz , Lodhi Mazhar U. , Ul‐Haq Zaheer 
Published: May 2012

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus has become a major health concern and it requires new therapeutic agents. Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A enzyme contributes in adherence of bacteria with the cell wall of host cell; consequently, inhibition of S. aureus Sortase A by small molecules could be employed as potential antibacterial agents against methicillin resistant S. aureus. Current study focused on the identification of 3D pharmacophoric features within a series of rhodanine, pyridazinone, and pyrazolethione analogs as S. aureus Sortase A inhibitors. Pharmacophore model was constructed employing representative molecules using Genetic Algorithm with Linear Assignment of Hypermolecular Alignment of Database. The identified pharmacophoric points were then utilized to create alignment hypothesis for three‐dimensional quantitative structure‐activity relationships. Outcome of comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis experiments were in good agreement (comparative molecular field analysis: q2 = 0.562 and r2 = 0.995, comparative molecular similarity indices analysis: q2 = 0.549 and r2 = 0.978) and capable of explaining the variance in biological activities coherently with respect to the structural features of compounds. The results were also found in concurrence with the outcome of pharmacophoric features.
Berkeley and God in the Quad
Authors: Frankel Melissa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn a familiar limerick attributed to Ronald Knox, the narrator asks how a “tree/should continue to be/when there’s no one about in the Quad,” and is subsequently reassured that its continuous existence is guaranteed by God’s being “always about in the Quad” observing it. This is meant to capture Berkeley’s so‐called ‘continuity argument’ for the existence of God, on which the claim that objects exist continuously over time is supposed to entail the existence of a Divine Mind that continuously perceives the ideas that constitute those objects. But the continuity argument is not an uncontroversial one. For one thing, we might ask what divine perception is supposed to be like – does God perceive all of the ideas that we do, and in the same way that we do? And if so, does this mean that God (like us) perceives pain – that God suffers? For another thing, we might ask whether Berkeley is entitled to the claim that objects exist continuously to begin with. In this paper, I look at some of the problems associated with the continuity argument, and then present a reading of divine perception that attempts to prevent these problems from arising at the outset.
Cerebrovascular Consequences of Pseudohyperaldosteronism
Authors: Smith Jonathan H. , Lindor Noralane M. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. 
Published: May 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:00–00. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The study of mechanistically defined forms of hypertension may provide insight into the relationship between hypertension and stroke. The author retrospectively studied a cohort of 23 individuals with pseudohyperaldosteronism (PHA), a condition associated with pathologic activation of the distal nephron epithelial sodium channel but low renin and aldosterone levels. During a median follow‐up of 11 years (range: 1–30), 4 of 23 (17.4%) patients had a cerebrovascular event recorded. Intracranial hemorrhage was not observed in any patient. Cerebrovascular events tended to occur in older patients, minorities, and patients with a later diagnosis of PHA and additional vascular risk factors. In addition to strict blood pressure control, patients with PHA should have early evaluation and treatment of other vascular risk factors to reduce the risk of stroke.
Effects of Aliskiren‐Based Therapy on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Profile, Central Hemodynamics, and Arterial Stiffness in Nondiabetic Mild to Moderate Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Kanaoka Tomohiko , Tamura Kouichi , Ohsawa Masato , Wakui Hiromichi , Maeda Akinobu , Dejima Toru , Azushima Kengo , Haku Sona , Mitsuhashi Hiroshi , Yanagi Mai , Oshikawa Jin , Uneda Kazushi , Aoki Kazutaka , Fujikawa Tetsuya , Toya Yoshiyuki , Uchino Kazuaki , Umemura Satoshi 
Published: May 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:000–000. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Aliskiren is a direct renin inhibitor that exerts its effect at the rate‐limiting step of the renin‐angiotensin system. This study was performed to examine the beneficial effects of aliskiren‐based antihypertensive therapy on the ambulatory blood pressure (BP) profile, central hemodybamics, and arterial stiffness in untreated Japanese patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Twenty‐one Japanese nondiabetic patients with untreated mild to moderate essential hypertension were initially given aliskiren once daily at 150 mg, and the dose was titrated up to 300 mg as needed. After 12 weeks of aliskiren‐based therapy, the clinic, ambulatory, and central BP values as well as brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were all significantly decreased compared with baseline (clinic systolic BP, 151±11 mm Hg vs 132±11 mm Hg; clinic diastolic BP, 91±13 mm Hg vs 82±9 mm Hg; 24‐hour systolic BP, 144±12 mm Hg vs 133±11 mm Hg; 24‐hour diastolic BP, 88±8 mm Hg vs 81±9 mm Hg; central BP, 162±16 mm Hg vs 148±14 mm Hg; baPWV, 1625±245 cm/s vs 1495±199 cm/s; P<.05). These results show that aliskiren, as a first‐line regimen, improves the ambulatory BP profile and may have protective vascular effects in Japanese nondiabetic patients with untreated mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Post‐introduction evolution in the biological control agent Longitarsus jacobaeae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Szűcs Marianna , Schaffner Urs , Price William J. , Schwarzländer Mark 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRapid evolution has rarely been assessed in biological control systems despite the similarity with biological invasions, which are widely used as model systems. We assessed post‐introduction climatic adaptation in a population of Longitarsus jacobaeae, a biological control agent of Jacobaea vulgaris, which originated from a low‐elevation site in Italy and was introduced in the USA to a high‐elevation site (Mt. Hood, Oregon) in the early 1980s. Life‐history characteristics of beetle populations from Mt. Hood, from two low‐elevation sites in Oregon (Italian origin) and from a high‐elevation site from Switzerland were compared in common gardens. The performance of low‐ and high‐elevation populations at a low‐ and a high‐elevation site was evaluated using reciprocal transplants. The results revealed significant changes in aestival diapause and shifts in phenology in the Mt. Hood population, compared with the low‐elevation populations. We found increased performance of the Mt. Hood population in its home environment compared with the low‐elevation populations that it originated from. The results indicate that the beetles at Mt. Hood have adapted to the cooler conditions by life‐history changes that conform to predictions based on theory and the phenology of the cold‐adapted Swiss beetles.
Evolutionary tools for phytosanitary risk analysis: phylogenetic signal as a predictor of host range of plant pests and pathogens
Authors: Gilbert Gregory S. , Magarey Roger , Suiter Karl , Webb Campbell O. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAssessing risk from a novel pest or pathogen requires knowing which local plant species are susceptible. Empirical data on the local host range of novel pests are usually lacking, but we know that some pests are more likely to attack closely related plant species than species separated by greater evolutionary distance. We use the Global Pest and Disease Database, an internal database maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service – Plant Protection and Quarantine Division (USDA APHIS‐PPQ), to evaluate the strength of the phylogenetic signal in host range for nine major groups of plant pests and pathogens. Eight of nine groups showed significant phylogenetic signal in host range. Additionally, pests and pathogens with more known hosts attacked a phylogenetically broader range of hosts. This suggests that easily obtained data – the number of known hosts and the phylogenetic distance between known hosts and other species of interest – can be used to predict which plant species are likely to be susceptible to a particular pest. This can facilitate rapid assessment of risk from novel pests and pathogens when empirical host range data are not yet available and guide efficient collection of empirical data for risk evaluation.
Updates on endoscopic therapy of esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Isomoto Hajime 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has the advantage over endoscopic mucosa resection (EMR), permitting removal of gastrointestinal neoplasms en bloc, but is associated with a relatively high risk of complications. Early esophageal cancer (EEC) is indicated when the tumors are confined to the two‐third layer of the lamina propria. Esophageal stricture following semicircular or complete circular esophageal ESD is relatively frequent even if treated by multiple pre‐emptive endoscopic balloon dilatation. Oral prednisolone may offer a novel, safe, and effective option for prevention of post‐ESD stricture associated with ESD for extensive esophageal neoplasms. The procedures include marking, submucosal injection, circumferential mucosal incision and exfoliation of the lesion along the submucosal layer. Complete ESD can achieve a large one‐piece resection, allowing precise histological assessment to prevent recurrence. Clinical outcomes of esophageal ESD have been promising, and the prognosis of EEC patients treated by ESD is likely to be excellent, though further long‐term follow‐up studies are warranted. Notification of a risk of perforation is essential for esophageal ESD. Bleeding during ESD can be managed with coagulation forceps, and postoperative bleeding may be reduced with routine use of the stronger acid suppressant, proton pump inhibitors.
Availability, Brands, Labelling and Salmonella Contamination of Raw Pet Food in the Minneapolis/St. Paul Area
Authors: Mehlenbacher S. , Churchill J. , Olsen K. E. , Bender J. B. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to characterize the commercially available raw meat pet food diets in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area by (i) determining the number and types of available diets; (ii) assessing pet food stores and brand labels for the provision of precautionary statements regarding the risk of foodborne illness from raw meat; (ii) assessing the labels for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) required content and nutrient‐related information; and (iv) culturing purchased diets for the presence of Salmonella. Sixty raw meat diets were purchased, representing 11 different brands from eight different stores. Diets were readily available in the form of raw‐frozen, dehydrated or freeze‐dried varieties from different protein sources, such as lamb, beef, chicken or duck. All stores promoted raw meat diets; however, none provided foodborne illness warnings. Brands varied greatly in their precautionary statements; none of the diets underwent feeding trials; and nutritional adequacy substantiation was through formulation only. The first five ingredients tended to consist of meat, organ meat (by‐products), vegetables, grains and ground bones. Currently, it is required that pet foods have an AAFCO nutritional adequacy statement and provide a guaranteed analysis table. Three brands did not meet these FDA requirements. Thirty‐one (51.7%) of the 60 raw meat diets underwent some degree of processing including dehydration, freeze‐drying or high‐pressure pasteurization. Four of the 60 raw diets (7%) tested positive for Salmonella. Analysis of raw meat pet food labels indicated a lack of foodborne illness warnings. Based on these findings, we recommend that warning statements similar to those required by the United States Department of Agriculture and placed on labels of raw meat intended for human consumption be provided on the labels of raw meat pet food diets.
Alternative, complementary, integrative – conceptual problems in marketing healthcare ideologies and services
Authors: Louhiala Pekka , Puustinen Raimo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe terms ‘alternative medicine’, ‘complementary medicine’ and ‘integrative medicine’ are of recent origin. According to Medline and PubMed, ‘alternative medicine’ first appeared in medical journals in 1975, whenNursing Timescommenced a series of articles on topics such as transcendental meditation, spiritual healing and homeopathy. According to the same databases, the first appearance of ‘complementary medicine’ occurred in 1985, whenThe Lancetpublished an article titled ‘Complementary medicine in the United Kingdom’. ‘Integrative medicine’ was introduced in an English language journal in 1995, although it had appeared in German in an article 2 years earlier and in French already in 1951. Since the terms have no historical bearing whatsoever, we claim that they are used, together with many other slogans that thrive in contemporary Western health care, for ideological or commercial reasons to promote ideologies or to facilitate the selling of products and services.