bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Weightbearing Radiographs and Stability of Stress Positive Ankle Fractures
Authors: Hoshino C. Max , Nomoto Edward Kazuhisa , Norheim Elizabeth P. , Harris Thomas G. 
Published: March 2012

Background: A positive external rotation stress test has been used as an indication for operative treatment of fractures of the lateral malleolus. The objective of the current study was to ascertain the results of a protocol initially treating stress positive ankle fractures nonoperatively and utilizing weightbearing radiographs in surgical decision making. Methods: We performed a prospective study of lateral malleolar fractures with an associated medial ligamentous injury. All patients with fractures of the lateral malleolus with medial sided symptoms and/or signs, and an intact ankle mortise underwent an external rotation stress test to confirm injury to the deltoid ligament (stress positive). Patients with a positive stress test were placed in a short-leg walking cast and seen in 7 days where weightbearing radiographs of the ankle were obtained. If the radiographs demonstrated an intact mortise, then nonoperative treatment was continued. If the weightbearing radiographs demonstrated medial clear space widening, then the patient was offered operative treatment to restore the congruency of the ankle mortise. Patients were assessed for conversion to operative treatment, complications, and functional outcome. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled in the study. Using Lauge-Hansen classification 36 (95%) were stress positive supination-external rotation fractures and 2 (5%) were stress positive pronation-external rotation fractures. Followup assessment was performed at a minimum of 6 months and averaged 12 months. Results: Weightbearing radiographs at the first post-injury clinic visit had an average medial clear space of 2.9 ± 0.9 mm. Three (8%) patients met our criteria for medial clear space widening and underwent operative treatment. Of these three patients, two were pronation-external rotation fracture patterns. Therefore, 3% of the supination-external rotation IV fractures, and all of the pronation-external III/IV rotation fractures ultimately required operative treatment. At final followup, the average AOFAS hindfoot score was 92 ± 8.1. Conclusion: Ligamentous supination-external rotation Stage IV fractures with an intact mortise on static radiographs can be initially treated nonoperatively. Weightbearing radiographs should be utilized to assess congruency of the ankle mortise during an early post-injury visit. Utilizing this approach, a significant number of surgeries were avoided, and good to excellent results were obtained. From our early experience, nonoperative treatment of pronation-external rotation III/IV injuries using this protocol is not recommended. Level of Evidence: III, Prospective Comparative Study
Surgical Management of Charcot Neuroarthropathy of the Foot and Ankle: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lowery Nicholas J. , Woods Jason B. , Armstrong David G. , Wukich Dane K. 
Published: March 2012

Background: Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) of the foot and ankle is an extremely challenging clinical dilemma and surgical management can be highly complicated. The current literature on this topic is comprised of manuscripts that are retrospective case series and expert opinions. Furthermore, surgery in patients with CN of the foot and ankle is guided by studies with low levels of evidence to support our current surgical practices. Methods: A Medline/CINAHL search was performed and a systematic review of articles discussing the surgical management of CN was undertaken. Results: Ninety-five articles fit the inclusion criteria for our study. As hypothesized, all reports detailing the surgical management of Charcot neuroarthropathy constituted Level IV or V evidence. Conclusion: Surgical algorithms for the treatment of CN of the foot are based almost entirely on level four or five evidence. Uncontrolled retrospective case series and case reports guide the use of exostectomy, fusion, and Achilles tendon lengthening for CN. There is inconclusive evidence concerning timing of treatment and use of different fixation methods. Prospective series and randomized studies, albeit difficult to perform, are necessary to support and strengthen current practice. Level of Evidence: II, Systematic Review
Magnetic Electrospun Fibers for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Huang Chaobo , Soenen Stefaan J. , Rejman Joanna , Trekker Jesse , Chengxun Liu , Lagae Liesbet , Ceelen Wim , Wilhelm Claire , Demeester Jo , De Smedt Stefaan C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for magnetic hyperthermia in cancer treatment have recently gained substantial interest. Unfortunately, the use of free IONPs still faces major challenges such as poor tumor targetability, high variability in the amount of IONPs taken up by the tumor and the IONP leakage from dead cancer cells into the surrounding healthy tissues. The present work reports on electrospun fiber webs, heavily loaded with 50 nm sized IONPs. The high loading capacity of the fibers enables significant heating of the environment upon applying an alternating magnetic field. Furthermore, magnetic fibers can be repeatedly heated without loss of heating capacity or release of IONPs. Upon functionalization of the fiber surface with collagen, human SKOV‐3 ovarian cancer cells attached well to the fibers. Applying an alternating magnetic field during 10 minutes to the fiber webs killed all fiber‐associated cancer cells. Killing the cells using this method seemed more efficient compared to the use of a warm water bath. As the fiber webs can be i) loaded with a well‐controlled amount of IONPs and ii) localized in the body by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, magnetic electrospun fibers may become promising materials for a highly reproducible (repeated) heating of cancer tissues in vivo.
A Self‐Doping, O2‐Stable, n‐Type Interfacial Layer for Organic Electronics
Authors: Reilly Thomas H. , Hains Alexander W. , Chen Hsiang‐Yu , Gregg Brian A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSolid films of a water‐soluble dicationic perylene diimide salt, perylene bis(2‐ethyltrimethylammonium hydroxide imide), Petma+OH−, are strongly doped n‐type by dehydration and reversibly de‐doped by hydration. The hydrated films consist almost entirely of the neutral perylene diimide, PDI, while the dehydrated films contain ∼50% PDI anions. The conductivity increases by five orders of magnitude upon dehydration, probably limited by film roughness, while the work function decreases by 0.74 V, consistent with an n‐type doping density increase of ∼12 orders of magnitude. Remarkably, the PDI anions are stable in dry air up to 120 °C. The work function of the doped film, ϕ (3.96 V vs. vacuum), is unusually negative for an O2‐stable contact. Petma+OH− is also characterized as an interfacial layer, IFL, in two different types of organic photovoltaic cells. Results are comparable to state of the art cesium carbonate IFLs, but may improve if film morphology can be better controlled. The films are stable and reversible over many months in air and light. The mechanism of this unusual self‐doping process may involve the change in relative potentials of the ions in the film caused by their deshielding and compaction as water is removed, leading to charge transfer when dry.
Thermische Wasserstoffabstraktion aus Methan – zur Rolle von Radikalen und Spinzuständen in der Chemie von Oxoclustern
Authors: Dietl Nicolas , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDie Übertragung eines Wasserstoffatoms (hydrogen‐atom transfer, HAT) ist als Prototyp einer chemischen Reaktion mit modernsten Methoden der Massenspektrometrie und der Computerchemie oft untersucht worden. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Kurzaufsatzes stehen die intrinsischen Eigenschaften von Oxoclustern in der Gasphase, durch die die Abstraktion eines Wasserstoffatoms aus gesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen unter thermischen Bedingungen ermöglicht wird. Darüber hinaus werden mechanistische Erkenntnisse diskutiert, die für die heterogene Katalyse von Bedeutung sind. Aus experimentellen und rechnergestützter Studien folgt eindeutig, dass für HAT‐Prozesse in der Gasphase die am abstrahierenden Atom lokalisierte, ungepaarte Spindichte eine entscheidende Rolle spielt; diese Ergebnisse werden den Schlussfolgerungen für analoge Reaktionen in Lösung gegenübergestellt.
The effects of moderate‐intensity gradient static magnetic fields on nerve conduction
Authors: Okano Hideyuki , Ino Hiroyuki , Osawa Yu , Osuga Toshiaki , Tatsuoka Hozumi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhether exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) for medical applications poses a therapeutic benefit or a health hazard is at the focus of current debate. As a peripheral nerve model for studies of the SMF effects, we have investigated whether exposure of in vitro frog sciatic nerve fibers to moderate‐intensity gradient SMF up to 0.7 T modulates membrane excitation and refractory processes. We measured the changes in the amplitudes of the electrically evoked compound action potentials for three groups: a control group without SMF exposure and two exposed groups with continuous inhomogeneous exposure to maximum flux densities (Bmax) of 0.21 and 0.7 T SMF for 6 h. The values of the nerve conduction velocity of C fibers were significantly reduced by Bmax of 0.7 T SMF during the 4‐ to 6‐h exposure period but not by Bmax of 0.21 T SMF during the entire exposure period of 6 h, relative to the unexposed control. From these findings, we speculate that exposure to moderate‐intensity gradient SMF may attenuate pain perception because the C fibers are responsible for pain transmission. Although the mechanistic reasons for this decrease have yet to be clarified, SMF could affect the behavior of some types of ion channels associated with C fibers. Bioelectromagnetics 33:518–526, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vitamin E in aging, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Joshi Yash B. , Praticò Domenico 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSince its discovery, vitamin E has been extensively researched by a large number of investigators in an attempt to fully understand its role in a variety of pathophysiological contexts. The vast majority of published work has focused on vitamin E's antioxidant properties, which is why it is well known as a lipophilic antioxidant that protects membranes from being oxidatively damaged by free radicals. However, several lines of investigation have recently revealed that vitamin E has biological roles unrelated to its antioxidant properties. Among these roles, vitamin E has been described as: a regulator of signal transduction, gene expression, and redox sensor. In parallel with the discovery of novels cellular functions of vitamin E, the introduction of the free radical theory of brain aging has propelled a renewed interest in this vitamin. Most of the resulting work has been based on the postulate that, by preventing and/or minimizing the oxidative stress‐dependent brain damage, vitamin E could be used as therapeutic approach. In this article, we will consider the existing literature regarding the biological properties of vitamin E and the potential therapeutic and/or preventative roles that this natural dietary factor plays in brain aging, cognition, and Alzheimer's dementia. © 2012 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Rapid determination of yunaconitine and related alkaloids in aconites and aconite‐containing drugs by ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Song Long , Zhang Hong , Liu Xin , Zhao Zhi‐Li , Chen Shi‐Lin , Wang Zheng‐Tao , Xu Hong‐Xi 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTYunaconitine (YAC) is a toxic aconite alkaloid that is considered to be a hidden aconite poison since it is frequently found in body fluids from aconite poisoning patients, but has not been well studied in commonly used herbal drugs. In this paper, a rapid and sensitive ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) detection combined with microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) was developed for high throughput simultaneous determination of YAC and six other toxic aconite alkaloids in 31 samples of crude, processed aconites and aconite‐containing drugs. The optimized method showed excellent linearity, precision, accuracy and recovery for all target compounds with short run time. YAC was detected in some samples with contents from 0.015 to 10.41 mg/g. This is the first report on the determination of YAC in Radix Aconiti, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii and aconite‐containing drugs. This newly developed method facilitates the rapid screening of YAC and related toxic aconite alkaloids and allows YAC to be used as a chemical marker for the quality control of aconites and aconite‐containing drugs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching and learning computer science sorting algorithms with mobile devices: A case study
Authors: Boticki Ivica , Barisic Ante , Martin Sergio , Drljevic Neven 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article, we present a semester‐long study on using smartphone devices in computing engineering education. We developed Sortko, an Android‐based smartphone application for learning sorting algorithms, an important undergraduate computer science topic. The application consists of four main components—the module for interactive sorting, the scaffolding module, the motivational module, and the graphical user interface module, each with a distinct role of helping students in learning sorting algorithms. Our research methodology included data collection with administered two surveys, collected exam results and recorded application usage data. Analysis of the collected data shows our approach is an effective way of learning sorting algorithms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21:E41–E50, 2013
Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oils of Callitris neocaledonica and C. sulcata Heartwood (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Waikedre Jean , Vitturo Carmen I. , Molina Ana , Theodoro Phellipe Norato Estrela Terra , do Rosário Rodrigues Silva Maria , Espindola Laila Salmen , Maciuk Alexandre , Fournet Alain 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMortality due to fungal infections has increased substantially, becoming a worldwide problem in public health. As a contribution to the discovery of new antifungal agents, the properties of the heartwood essential oils of two trees growing in New Caledonia, Callitris neocaledonica and C. sulcata (Cupressaceae) were investigated. The essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation were characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. From C. neocaledonica oil, 31 constituents were identified, representing 97.0% of the total oil composition, which was mainly constituted by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (88%). Among them, guaiol (1; 30.2%), bulnesol (2; 12.5%), α‐eudesmol (3; 10.5%), β‐eudesmol (4; 10.5%), γ‐eudesmol (10.2%), and elemol (4.9%) predominated. The chemical composition of C. sulcata oil, from which 39 constituents were identified (96.8% of the total oil composition), showed some similarities with that of C. neocaledonica oil. The major constituents were also oxygenated sesquiterpenes, accounting for 78.5% of the oil, amongst them, mainly compounds 1 (16.1%), 3 and 4 (9.7% each), as well as 2 (7.4%). The antifungal activity of the oils against clinical isolates of four dermatophytic fungi (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, Microsporum canis, and M. gypseum) and six yeasts (Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Cryptococcus gattii) was tested by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using the microdilution method. The best antifungal activities of the C. neocaledonica and C. sulcata oils were obtained against C. krusei (MICs of 3.9 and 0.975 μg/ml, resp.). These MIC values were similar to those of the reference drugs itraconazole and fluconazole (1.0 and 0.5 mg/ml, resp.). The oils were also subjected to a screening for their possible DPPH. (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical‐scavenging activity. C. neocaledonica essential oil was more active than C. sulcata oil (93.3 vs. 32.2% DPPH. scavenged at 250 μg/ml).
Synthesis and Evaluation of 6‐Aza‐2′‐deoxyuridine Monophosphate Analogs as Inhibitors of Thymidylate Synthases, and as Substrates or Inhibitors of Thymidine Monophosphate Kinase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kögler Martin , Busson Roger , De Jonghe Steven , Rozenski Jef , Van Belle Kristien , Louat Thierry , Munier‐Lehmann Hélène , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA series of 5‐substituted analogs of 6‐aza‐2′‐deoxyuridine 5′‐monophosphate, 6‐aza‐dUMP, has been synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of the two mycobacterial thymidylate synthases (i.e., a flavin‐dependent thymidylate synthase, ThyX, and a classical thymidylate synthase, ThyA). Replacement of C(6) of the natural substrate dUMP by a N‐atom in 6‐aza‐dUMP 1a led to a derivative with weak ThyX inhibitory activity (33% inhibition at 50 μM). Introduction of alkyl and aryl groups at C(5) of 1a resulted in complete loss of inhibitory activity, whereas the attachment of a 3‐(octanamido)prop‐1‐ynyl side chain in derivative 3 retained the weak level of mycobacterial ThyX inhibition (40% inhibition at 50 μM). None of the synthesized derivatives displayed any significant inhibitory activity against mycobacterial ThyA. The compounds have also been evaluated as potential inhibitors of mycobacterial thymidine monophosphate kinase (TMPKmt). None of the derivatives showed any significant TMPKmt inhibition. However, replacement of C(6) of the natural substrate (dTMP) by a N‐atom furnished 6‐aza‐dTMP (1b), which still was recognized as a substrate by TMPKmt.
Enhanced stent imaging improves the diagnosis of stent underexpansion and optimizes stent deployment
Authors: Sanidas Elias A. , Maehara Akiko , Barkama Ravit , Mintz Gary S. , Singh Varinder , Hidalgo Ariel , Hakim Diaa , Leon Martin B. , Moses Jeffrey W. , Weisz Giora 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical value and diagnostic accuracy of enhanced stent imaging (ESI) as compared with quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).BackgroundESI is an image acquisition and processing angiography‐based software that improves visualization and provides measurements of deployed stents.MethodsA total of 40 consecutive patients (42 stents) were studied. Stent deployment was evaluated sequentially and independently by angiography, ESI, and IVUS. Following each imaging modality, the operator determined the necessity of postdilation unrelated to the other modalities. Stent diameters were measured off‐line by QCA, ESI, and IVUS at several sites along the deployed stent and compared.ResultsFollowing stent deployment and based solely on angiography, the operator decided to postdilate seven of the 42 stents (16.7%). This decision was not changed after reviewing the ESI images of these seven stents. Of the 35 stents not requiring postdilation based on angiography alone, ESI influenced the operator to change the decision and postdilate 10 of 35 stents (28.6%). The ESI‐based measurements had better correlation with IVUS (r = 0.721, P < 0.0001) than did QCA with IVUS (r = 0.563, P < 0.0001). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a trend towards better agreement between ESI and IVUS than between QCA and IVUS (mean differences = 0.038 vs. 0.121; P = 0.19, respectively).ConclusionsESI is an easy to use modality that enhances stent visualization, helps in the decision making process whether to postdilate the stent, and provides estimation of stent expansion with better correlations than QCA when compared to IVUS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current operator volumes of invasive coronary procedures in medicare patients: Implications for future manpower needs in the catheterization laboratory
Authors: Maroney Justin , Khan Saba , Powell Wayne , Klein Lloyd W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesWe seek to assess the per‐operator volume of diagnostic catheterizations and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) among US cardiologists, and its implication for future manpower needs in the catheterization laboratory.BackgroundThe number of annual Medicare PCIs peaked in 2004 and has trended downward since, however the total number of catheterization laboratories nationwide has increased. It is unknown whether these trends have resulted in a dilution of per‐operator volumes, and whether the current supply of interventional cardiologists is appropriate to meet future needs.MethodsWe analyzed the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 2008 Medicare 5% sample file, and extracted the total number of Medicare fee‐for‐service (Medicare FFS) diagnostic catheterizations and PCIs performed in 2008. We then determined per‐physician procedure volumes using National Provider Identifier numbers.ResultsThere were 1,198,610 Medicare FFS diagnostic catheterizations performed by 11,029 diagnostic cardiologists, and there were 378,372 Medicare FFS PCIs performed by 6,443 interventional cardiologists in 2008. The data reveal a marked difference in the 2008 distribution of diagnostic catheterizations and PCIs among operators. Just over 10% of diagnostic catheterizations were performed by operators performing 40 or fewer Medicare FFS diagnostic catheterizations, contrasted with almost 30% of PCIs performed by operators with 40 of fewer Medicare FFS PCIs. A significant majority of interventional cardiologists (61%) performed 40 or fewer Medicare FFS PCIs in 2008.ConclusionsThere is a high percentage of low‐volume operators performing PCI, raising questions regarding annual volume recommendations for procedural skill maintenance, and the future manpower requirements in the catheterization laboratory. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palliative stenting of patent ductus arteriosus in older children and young adults With congenital cyanotic heart disease
Authors: Francis Edwin , Kumar Shine , Kumar Raman Krishna 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveTo describe the indications, technique and results (early and short‐term follow‐up) of palliative patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting in selected patients (2 years and older) with congenital cyanotic heart disease with reduced pulmonary blood flow who were not candidates for definitive surgery in the immediate future.BackgroundStenting of PDA as a palliation has been advocated as safe and effective procedure in neonates, but this modality is underutilized for children and adults.MethodsHospital records of patients (≥2 years) undergoing PDA stenting between January 2007 and September 2009 were reviewed. The access and approach was dictated by the anatomy of the PDA. A coronary guiding catheter or a long sheath was used to access the PDA. Coronary or peripheral stents were used for stenting.ResultsFifteen patients with median age 14 years (range: 2–18 years); median weight 17.5 kg (range: 7–57 Kg) were included. Indication for intervention was hypoxia (mean saturation 69% ± 8.9%, hemoglobin 19.8 ± 2.69 g/dl), unsuitable anatomy or economic considerations. Successful stenting was accomplished in all (mean fluoroscopy time of 24.6 ± 16.7 min) with no complications and the saturations improved to mean of 88% ± 2.3 %. The most recent oxygen saturations on follow‐up (median: 13 months; range: 1–21 months) were 82% ± 2.8%. One patient underwent corrective repair.ConclusionPDA stenting can provide effective palliation in selected older patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.