bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No brain expansion in Australopithecus boisei
Authors: Hawks John 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe endocranial volumes of robust australopithecine fossils appear to have increased in size over time. Most evidence with temporal resolution is concentrated in East African Australopithecus boisei. Including the KNM‐WT 17000 cranium, this sample comprises 11 endocranial volume estimates ranging in date from 2.5 million to 1.4 million years ago. But the sample presents several difficulties to a test of trend, including substantial estimation error for some specimens and an unusually low variance. This study reevaluates the evidence, using randomization methods and a related test using an explicit model of variability. None of these tests applied to the A. boisei endocranial volume sample produces significant evidence for a trend in that species, whether or not the early KNM‐WT 17000 specimen is included. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of nasopharyngeal papillomatosis with coblation: a case series
Authors: Peters Geoffrey , McLaughlin Kevin , Nuss Daniel W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:Nasopharyngeal papillomatosis is uncommon. Access and visualization make excision difficult, increasing the risk for recurrence. We present a novel technique for excision of nasopharyngeal papillomatosis.Methods:A case series of 3 patients with recurrent papilloma of the nasopharynx (NP) were treated with endoscopic transnasal coblation. We used an Arthrocare EVac 70 Coblator (setting: coblation‐9, coagulation‐5).Results:Using transnasal endoscopic coblation, we performed complete excision in 3 patients with recurrent papilloma of the NP (4 total procedures). There were no complications. One patient had a minor recurrence, which was successfully re‐excised with the same technique.Conclusion:Nasopharyngeal papillomas can be difficult to excise. Multiple techniques have been described using a transoral approach, with no reported complications. However, surgical access to the entire NP is more challenging with a transoral approach. Also, bleeding and poor visualization secondary to bleeding can be encountered with these techniques. These problems were not encountered with transnasal coblation. The absence of eschar and decreased collateral thermal damage make coblation preferable to cauterization or laser excision. This proposed technique enables more complete visualization and removal of disease, which may reduce recurrence rates. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Evaluation of injection‐molding simulation tools to model the cure kinetics of rubbers
Authors: Arrillaga A. , Zaldua A. M. , Farid A. S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRubber injection molding is a process whereby a rubber mix is injected into a closed mold where the material is shaped to the desired geometry. Having completely filled the cavity rubber mix is vulcanized. Vulcanization is the process whereby a viscous and tacky uncured rubber is converted into an elastic material through the incorporation of chemical crosslinks between the polymer chains. The degree of cure achieved depends on the formulation recipe and the time–temperature history endured by the material during the curing process while in the mold. The aim of this study was to check the capability of commercial injection‐molding simulation tools, such as Moldflow and Cadmould, to predict the degree of cure achieved in spiral‐shaped parts when subjected to various cure cycles. To use the simulation tools, it was necessary to characterize the material in terms of their thermal properties and kinetic behavior during curing. The degrees of cure were determined with swelling techniques and by the measurement of the residual cure exotherms with differential scanning calorimetry. On comparing the experimental values of the degree of cure with those predicted by the simulation tools, we found that the initial simulations underestimated the degrees of cure. Consequently, the criteria used to calculate the cure model parameters were modified to invoke faster cures. In so doing, good agreement was achieved between the degrees of cure predicted by the simulations and those obtained experimentally.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of triazine‐based dendrimers and their application in metal ion adsorption
Authors: Golikand Ahmad Nozad , Didehban Khadijeh , Irannejad Leila 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article described the synthesis of triazine‐based dendrimers with poly(ethylene glycol) core by convergent method. Compound 1 was prepared by coupling of amino group of diethanolamine with cyanuric chloride in dry THF (tetrahydrofuran). Reaction of compound 1 with p‐aminobenzylamine resulted in compound 2. Compound 4 was synthesized using coupling reaction of amino group of compound 2 with cyanuric chloride, then coupling of amine groups of p‐aminobenzylamine with compound 3 in the hybrid solvents. The final dendrimer (den‐OH) were synthesized using reaction of dendron 4 with compound 5. Ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid modified final dendrimer were successfully prepared via coupling ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride and den‐OH. The growth of dendrons and their structures were investigated by using usual spectroscopy methods and elemental analysis. The chelating behavior and sorption capacities of triazine dendrimers were determined in relation to pH dependency for some metal ions such as Cu+2, Ni+2, and Zn+2 using atomic absorption methods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of surface treatment on the physicomechanical and thermal properties of high‐density polyethylene/olive husk flour composites
Authors: Ihamouchen C. , Djidjelli H. , Boukerrou A. , Krim S. , Kaci M. , Martinez J. J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, a particular interest was focused on the recovery of lignocellulosic waste of olive husk flour (OHF) by its incorporation as filler in manufacturing composite materials based on high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix with various filler contents (10, 20, and 30 wt %). The problem of incompatibility between the hydrophilic filler and the hydrophobic matrix was treated with two methods: the first method consists of using maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as compatibilizer in HDPE/OHF composites. The second method, was focused on the chemical modification of OHF by vinyl‐triacetoxy‐silane (VTAS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to analyze both grafting and silanization reactions involved. Scanning electron microscopy was used to show the morphology of the flour surface. Furthermore, the physicomechanical and thermal characteristics of the various composite samples were investigated as a function of filler contents and treatment types. The results showed that the properties of the composite materials are positively affected by the silanization treatment of OHF and also by MAPE addition. However, better mechanical and thermal properties with less moisture absorption were obtained for the composite materials compatibilized with MAPE. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Characterization of cationic polyacrylamide‐grafted starch flocculant synthesized by one‐step reaction
Authors: Cao Jianping , Zhang Sheng , Han Baoli , Feng Qingli , Guo Lan fang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCationic polyacrylamide‐grafted starch (St‐g‐CPAM) flocculant was prepared by using corn starch and acrylamide (AM) as monomers, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) as cationic monomer through solution polymerization. The effects of initiator, reaction temperature, and monomer concentration on flocculation, the efficiency of grafting, and the yield of grafting were investigated. The results show that the optimal conditions of the polymerization are as follows: the concentration of ceric ammonium nitrate is 0.5%, the reaction temperature is 60°C, the concentration of total monomer is 20%, and the monomer ratio between AM and DMDAAC is 7 : 3. The flocculation capability was characterized by turbidity reduction. The thermal behavior, chemical structure, and microstructure of St‐g‐CPAM were also investigated by thermal gravimetric, IR, and SEM analyses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Determination of imidol hydrochloride in human plasma and urine by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Shi Zhengyuan , Bi Kaishun , Li Yang , Hu Xin , Li Kexin , Gong Ping , Chen Xiaohui 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTImidol hydrochloride is a novel drug for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. A simple, special and sensitive solid‐phase extraction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of imidol in human plasma and urine was developed for the first time and applied to a pharmacokinetic study. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 µm) using gradient elution with acetonitrile and water both containing 0.1% acetic acid at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring mode via a positive eletrospray ionization source. The mass transition pairs of m/z 517.8 → 325 and m/z 298 → 174 were used to detect imidol and the (−)‐clausenamide (internal standard), respectively. The retention times of imidol and (−)‐clausenamide were 2.5 and 2.7 min, respectively. Linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, dilution test and stability were evaluated during method validation over the range of 0.2–500 ng/mL in human plasma and 0.5–500 ng/mL in urine. The method was successfully applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study of imidol in healthy volunteers following oral administration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protoberberine Alkaloids Berberine, Palmatine, and Coralyne Binding to Poly(dT)⋅(Poly(dA)⋅Poly(dT)) Triplex: Comparative Structural Aspects and Energetics Profiles of the Interaction
Authors: Sinha Rangana , Saha Ishita , Kumar Gopinatha Suresh 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe interaction of bioactive protoberberine alkaloids berberine, palmatine, and coralyne with the DNA triplex poly(dT)⋅(poly(dA)⋅poly(dT)) was studied using biophysical and calorimetric techniques. All three alkaloids bound the triplex cooperatively. Berberine and palmatine predominantly stabilized the triplex structure, while coralyne stabilized both triplex and duplex structures as inferred from optical thermal melting profiles. Fluorescence quenching, polarization, and viscometric studies hinted at an intercalative mode of binding for the alkaloids to the triplex, coralyne being more strongly intercalated compared to partial intercalation of berberine and palmatine. The overall affinity of coralyne was two order higher (2.29×107 M−1) than that of berberine (3.43×105 M−1) and palmatine (2.34×105 M−1). Isothermal titration calorimetric studies revealed that the binding to the triplex was favored by negative enthalpy change (ΔH=−3.34 kcal/mol) with favorable entropy contribution (TΔS = 4.07 kcal/mol) for berberine, favored by almost equal negative enthalpy (ΔH =−3.88 kcal/mol) and entropy changes (TΔS = 3.37 kcal/mol) for palmatine, but driven by large enthalpy contributions (ΔH =−25.62 kcal/mol and TΔS =−15.21 kcal/mol) for coralyne. These results provide new insights on the binding of isoquinoline alkaloids to the DNA triplex structure.
GC (Guanine‐Cytosine)‐Selective DNA‐Binding and Antitumor Activity of a QuercetinManganese(II) Complex
Authors: Tan Jun , Zhu Liancai , Wang Bochu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe DNA binding and cleavage properties of quercetinmanganese(II) complexes have been studied, but little attention has been devoted to the relationship between the antitumor activity of these complexes and the DNA‐binding properties. Here, the DNA binding properties of the quercetinmanganese(II) complex [Mn(Que)2(H2O)2] were studied using UV/VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. The results indicate that the complex was preferentially bound to DNA in the GC (guaninecytosine)‐rich regions via an intercalative mode. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity experiments confirmed its apoptosis‐inducing activity. We also demonstrated that the levels of survivin protein expression in HepG2 cells decreased and that the relative activity of caspase‐3 significantly increased after treatment with the complex. Hence, our results suggest that the antitumor activity of the [Mn(Que)2(H2O)2] complex might be related to its intercalation into DNA and its DNA‐binding selectivity.
The Logvinenko object color atlas in practice
Authors: Godau Christoph , Funt Brian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecently, Logvinenko introduced a new object‐color space defining a complete object‐color atlas that is invariant to illumination.1 However, the existing implementation for calculating the new atlas's color descriptors is computationally expensive and does not work for all types of illuminants. A new algorithm is presented here that efficiently calculates the required color descriptors over large data sets and across a wide variety of illuminants. Its Matlab implementation has been made available online. The algorithm is then used to explore some features and possible applications of Logvinenko's color atlas. In particular, it is applied to images to investigate the perceptual correlates of the color descriptors; it is used to predict how images change under a change of scene illumination; and it is used to evaluate how changes in illumination and sensor sensitivities affect the mapping from the Munsell to NCS color atlases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011;
Imipramine treatment reverses depressive‐like behavior in alloxan‐diabetic rats
Authors: Ceretta Luciane B. , Réus Gislaine Z. , Stringari Roberto B. , Ribeiro Karine F. , Zappellini Giovanni , Aguiar Bianca W. , Pfaffenseller Bianca , Lersh Camila , Kapczinski Flávio , Quevedo João 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of evidence has shown an association between diabetes and depression, as well a role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in diabetes and depression. The present study was designed to evaluate the behavioural and molecular effects of the anti‐depressant imipramine in diabetic rats.MethodsTo this aim, after induction of diabetes by alloxan (150 mg/kg), Wistar rats were treated with imipramine (30 mg/kg) once a day for 14 days and then subjected to behavioural tests. BDNF was then assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala.ResultsIn diabetic rats treated with saline, we observed an increase in the immobility time, compared with control rats treated with saline. Treatment with imipramine decreased the immobility time in nondiabetic and diabetic rats, compared with both nondiabetic and diabetic rats treated with saline. In the open‐field test, it was observed that treatment with imipramine reduced the number of crossings the diabetic rats performed, compared with nondiabetic rats treated with saline. The number of rearings did not alter in any of the groups. Diabetic rats injected with saline did not show altered BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus or amygdala, but interestingly, the treatment with imipramine in diabetic animals increased BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study demonstartes a link between diabetes and depression in rats and that imipramine exerted antidepressant effects in diabetic animals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Furanone Derivatives from Aspergillus sp. XW‐12, an Endophytic Fungus in Huperzia serrata
Authors: Zhan Zha‐Jun , Jin Jian‐Ping , Ying You‐Min , Shan Wei‐Guang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTwo new 5‐methoxyfuran‐3(2H)‐one derivatives, huaspenone A (1) and B (2), together with four known ones, i.e., aspertetronin A (3), aspertetronin B (4), gregatin E (5), and penicilliol A (6), were isolated from the cultures of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. XW‐12, derived from the stems of Huperzia serrata. The structures of the new isolates were established by detailed interpretation of the 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS data.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected (2S)‐2,3‐Diaminopropanoates through Catalytic Phase‐Transfer Aza‐Henry Reaction
Authors: Kumaraswamy Gullapalli , Pitchaiah Arigala 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe syntheses of enantiomer‐enriched orthogonally protected different (2S)‐2,3‐diaminopropanoates and unnatural furyl‐substituted (tert‐butoxy)carbonyl (Boc) as well as (benzyloxy)carbonyl (Cbz) protected amino acid esters are accomplished by means of an enantioselective aza‐Henry reaction. A key feature of this protocol is organocatalysis as a genesis of chirality to ensure high enantioselectivity.
Two New Indole Alkaloids from the Bark of Anthocephalus chinensis
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Yu , Yang Xiao‐Hong , Li Shang‐Zhen , Song Qi‐Shi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTwo new indole alkaloids, cadambinic acid (1) and isonauclefidine (2), were isolated from the bark of Anthocephalus chinensis. The structures were identified by spectroscopic methods, and the compounds were tested for their biological activities. Both compounds showed weak cytotoxicities against A549, BGC‐823, and HeLa cells in biological assays.
Perfusion culture enhanced human endometrial stromal cell growth in alginate‐multivalent integrin α5β1 ligand scaffolds
Authors: Li Zhaohui , Kreiner Michaela , Edrada‐Ebel RuAngelie , Cui Zhanfeng , van der Walle Christopher F. , Mardon Helen J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA method to functionalize alginate by introducing monomeric or self‐assembling (tetrameric) fibronectin (FN) domains is described, leading to a functional scaffold, which is used for three dimensional (3D) culture of human endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs). EnSCs encapsulated in the functional alginate were cultured under perfusion using the TissueFlex® platform, a multiple parallel microbioreactor system for 3D cell culture. The effect of the novel scaffold and the effect of perfusion were examined. Cell viability, proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were determined and the results compared with those obtained with cells encapsulated in non‐functionalized alginate, and also those without perfusion. Staining for focal adhesions and actin showed maximal cell adhesion only for alginate‐tetrameric FN scaffolds under perfusion, associated with a significant increase in cell number over 7 days culture; in contrast to poor cell adhesion and a decrease in cell number for non‐functionalized alginate scaffolds (irrespective of perfused/static culture) and 3D static culture (irrespective of the scaffold). Conjugation of alginate to FN was an absolute requirement to attenuate the loss of cell metabolic activity over 7 days culture. ECM deposition for blank alginate and alginate‐monomeric FN was similar, but increased around 2‐fold and 3‐fold for alginate‐tetrameric FN under static and perfusion culture, respectively. It is concluded that the requirement for EnSC engagement with multivalent integrin α5β1 ligands and perfused culture are both essential as a first step toward endometrial tissue engineering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Mechanical characterization and biocompatibility of a novel reinforced fascia patch for rotator cuff repair
Authors: Aurora Amit , Mesiha Mena , Tan Carmela D. , Walker Esteban , Sahoo Sambit , Iannotti Joseph P. , McCarron Jesse A. , Derwin Kathleen A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTo provide mechanical augmentation for rotator cuff repair, it is necessary (though perhaps not sufficient) that scaffolds have tendon‐like material and suture retention properties, be applied to the repair in a surgically appropriate manner, and maintain their mechanical properties for an acceptable period of time following surgery. While allograft fascia lata has material, structural, and biochemical properties similar to tendon tissue, its poor suture retention properties abrogates its potential as an augmentation device. The goal of this work was to design a novel reinforced fascia patch with suture retention and stiffness properties adequate to provide mechanical augmentation for rotator cuff repair. Fascia was reinforced by stitching with PLLA or PLLA/PGA polymer braids. Reinforced fascia patches had a maximum construct load greater than (or equal to) the suture retention properties of human rotator cuff tendon (∼250N) at time zero and after in vivo implantation for 12 weeks in a rat subcutaneous model. The patches were able to withstand the 2500 loading cycles projected for the early post‐operative period. The patches also demonstrated biocompatibility with the host using a rat abdominal wall defect model. These studies suggest the potential use of reinforced fascia patches to provide mechanical augmentation, minimize tendon retraction and possibly reduce the incidence of rotator cuff repair failure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Land cover, climate, and the summer surface energy balance in Phoenix, AZ, and Portland, OR
Authors: Middel Ariane , Brazel Anthony J. , Gober Patricia , Myint Soe W. , Chang Heejun , Duh Jiunn‐Der 
Published: August 2011

AbstractChanges in land use and land cover alter the local energy balance and contribute to distinct urban climates. This paper presents a local‐scale above‐canopy study of intra‐urban land cover mixes in two cities to analyse the relative effects of surface morphology and local climate on the surface energy balance (SEB). The study is conducted for urban areas in Phoenix, Arizona, and Portland, Oregon, cities with distinct climates but similarly warm and dry summers. A Local‐Scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme (LUMPS) is used to analyse the relative contributions of local weather extremes and land cover variations on the urban energy balance. The partitioning of net all‐wave radiation into turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes as well as heat storage is investigated for a typical dry summer month and two extreme weather scenarios in the two cities. Results of sensitivity analyses show that incoming solar radiation is an important driver of the SEB in LUMPS and should be considered in the generation of climate scenarios. The relationship between individual land cover fractions and SEB fluxes is not clear because of interrelated effects of surface characteristics in the land cover mix. Daytime Bowen ratios vary inversely with vegetation fraction between and within cities for all weather scenarios. Impervious surface cover is positively correlated to the available energy that is partitioned into sensible heat. Cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) is similar for average weather conditions across medium wet sites in Phoenix and Portland but varies more in Portland than in Phoenix under extreme weather conditions. Results suggest that land cover manipulation could offset influences of weather extremes on ET in Portland to a certain degree but not in Phoenix. These findings highlight the importance of spatial and climatic context in the urban design process to mitigate the effects of urbanization. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society