bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of local scour around an inclined monopile in steady current
Authors: Liu Yihui , Huang Maosong , Jian  
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Local scour around the underwater supports of constructions would reduce the embedment depth and bearing capacity of support structures, seriously threatening the safety of the structures. Most existing investigations focused on the local scour of a vertical pile. However, in practical engineering, inclined piles are widely applied in underwater foundation structures to withstand lateral loads. The pile inclination can result in flow field alteration around the pile, thereby affecting the development of local scour. Consequently, a threedimensional numerical model of local scour around an inclined pile under steady current is established using the open-source CFD package OpenFOAM, in which the hydrodynamics are solved based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations together with k – ω SST turbulence closure in this model. It is then coupled with both bed load and suspended load transport descriptions, which drive the resultant morphology of the bed. The numerical model is verified by comparing it with the existing laboratory experiment. Discussions are carried out on the effects of inclination angles on the flow field alteration and the local scour depth variation.
Formulation and numerical realization of anisotropic permeability coefficient for fluid-solid coupling in underground engineering
Authors: Ding Wenqi , Li Fengshu , Shao Zhili , Qiao Yafei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Underground engineering soil functions as a typical porous medium wherein groundwater flow and alterations in pore water pressure can influence the medium’s porosity, thereby affecting soil permeability. Moreover, changes in porosity (volumetric strain) result in anisotropy in the permeability coefficient, complicating the accurate depiction of the entire fluid-solid coupling process using a uniform permeability coefficient. Fluid–solid coupling is achieved by establishing a connection between soil and fluid parameters in response to changes in the permeability coefficient during soil deformation. Considering the limitations of the deformation mode described by volumetric strain, this paper proposes different influencing factors of anisotropic principal strains (εx, εy
, and εz
) on the anisotropic permeability coefficient k
i, based on the Kozeny–Carman semi-empirical equation for the permeability of porous media. Additionally, a numerical simulation method for the fluid-solid interaction effect in underground engineering is implemented by incorporating variations in the permeability coefficient with strain, using a fish-parameterized programming language within the FLAC 3D software. The coupling effect of the seepage field with the strain-dependent permeability coefficient on the mechanical field is validated using a specific calculation example. This methodology presents a novel approach for expressing fluid-solid coupling processes.
Studying development trend of coastline change in China using CiteSpace
Authors: Song Y , Tian Z , Shao Y , Yue J , Cao L , Wang H , Xie C , Shan L , Li S , Tian D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The investigation of coastline alterations holds significant scientific and societal importance, particularly in guiding offshore engineering planning and design, as well as the economic development of coastal regions. In this study, we used CiteSpace software to examine relevant literature within the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database to explore the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of research on coastline change in China. Our findings revealed a consistent increase in the number of publications within this domain, with 1996 representing the first growth point in the number of publications on coastal changes. Since 2002, the number of publications has significantly increased owing to scientific and technological advancements and urban development. Research on coastal changes in China is primarily conducted in universities and research institutes, particularly at the Ocean University of China. However, research institutions and authors are widely dispersed, and the consistency between them is low. An apparent, balanced distribution phenomenon exists in this research field. Content related to keywords such as “coastline,” “coastal zone,” and “remote sensing” is the focus of research in this field. Remote sensing monitoring, big data analysis, and deep learning techniques are closely related to the study of coastline changes, representing the latest advancements in this field.
Evolution of mechanical properties of shield tunnels induced by water-soil gushing
Authors: Xie X C , Zhang D M , Zhou M L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Water-soil gushing in shield tunnels has been a major threat to the safety of tunnel structures. However, traditional numerical methods cannot reasonably simulate large soil deformation around the tunnel caused by the water-soil gushing. Therefore, it is difficult to reveal the evolution of the internal force and deformation of tunnel structures. In this paper, based on the two-phase Material Point Method, the numerical analysis method for the water-soil gushing was established to investigate the development of water-soil pressure acting on the tunnel surface, and then the evolution of the tunnel mechanical behaviours in the process of tunnel gushing was further studied. The results indicate that during the “rapid gushing stage”, the tunnel surface pressures around the leakage point decrease sharply, whereas those on the tunnel invert increase significantly. This gives rise to a significant increase in the shear force and bending moment of the tunnel lining, with increase rates of 114% and 82%, respectively. In addition, the axial and angular deformation of Joint No.2 near the leakage point increased significantly, which may lead to serious longitudinal joint dislocation or even concrete crushing. Thus, close attention to the joint deformation is required.
Study on the influence of water supply and drainage pipeline damage on urban silt ground collapse
Authors: Gu Zhanfei , Wei Hailong , Liu Zhikui , Guo Tong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Underground drainage pipelines play crucial roles in urban construction and development. Over time, these pipelines may incur damage and leakage due to aging and changes in surrounding loads. Ruptures and leaks in pipelines can lead to water seepage through cracks, resulting in erosion of surrounding soil layers and the formation of underground cavities. The loss of support in the soil above these cavities can lead to structural instability and eventual ground collapse. Such collapses can disrupt urban transportation systems, leading to significant social and economic consequences. This study specifically investigates ground collapse phenomena resulting from damage to drainage pipelines in silty soil within the Yellow River flood area in Zhengzhou City. By considering the influence of seepage velocity at the damaged pipeline section, the study differentiates between seepage erosion and scour erosion, conducting theoretical analyses and calculations for each scenario. The results show that ① when the surrounding area of the pipeline is damaged and the slow seepage rate causes a change in the critical groundwater level ΔH ≥ (Lσt
)/((1 – n)γw), the soil around the pipeline will be damaged by seep erosion; ② when the water flow velocity at the damaged area of the pipeline is reached V
0 = 2λ(γs
– γw
)a
2
B
2/(9μ(B
2 – b
2)), the water flow impacts the soil and causes erosion damage. The critical pressure within the pipeline can be derived from the stress state where the pipeline is damaged

P
1

=

ρ
2

[
2
λ
(

γ
s

−

γ
w

)

a
2

B
2

/
(
9
μ
(

B
2

−

b
2

)
)
]

; ③ the underground cavity formed by water flow erosion is assumed to be an “soil arch.” The stress analysis on it obtains the critical span of the “soil arch” when the “soil arch” is damaged 2b = [2c(H + h) + Kaγ(H + h)2 tan φ – P]/(H + h/3). This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the management of silty ground collapse in the Yellow River flood area.
Study on the susceptibility of debris flow disasters in southeast Tibet based on the information content model and random forest model
Authors: Gong Q Y , Zhao C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Linzhi, in southeast of the Tibetan Plateau, has high mountain and gorge terrain. Recently, with rapid changes in climate and fast development of engineering construction in Tibet, the fragile ecological environment in Linzhi has been further damaged, resulting in a sharp increase in debris flow disasters in the region. This poses a serious threat to local social and economic development and safety of lives and property. We divided the study area into multiple watershed units, and explored the reliability of the information content model (ICM), random forest model (RF), and their coupled model (ICM-RF) in the evaluation of debris flow disaster susceptibility. Through remote sensing interpretation, field investigations, and data collection, data on debris flow disasters and evaluation indicators in the study area were obtained. Using multicollinearity analysis, 16 evaluation indicators were selected from 7 major categories including topography, geological conditions, meteorological and hydrological conditions, ecological environment conditions, human engineering activities, seismic activities, and watershed characteristics; a debris flow disaster susceptibility evaluation index system was constructed. Prediction performance of the three models was tested using ROC curves. ICM-RF model had better prediction performance than single models, indicating its superiority for predicting debris flow disaster susceptibility.
Effects of Reverse Fault Dislocation Application Method for Tunnelling Through Active Faults
Authors: Huang Rui , Li Liqun , Chen Zhiyi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Active faults seriously threaten the structural integrity of mountain tunnels in seismic zones, and reverse faults are the most hazardous. A tunnel project in the western region was used as a reference to analyze the damage mechanism of tunnels under different modes of reverse fault displacement. The ABAQUS finite element analysis software was employed for the numerical simulation, and a quasi-static method was adopted to analyze the displacement and stress response patterns of the tunnel structure traversing the fault under three typical modes of reverse fault displacement. This led to deriving the tunnel structure’s longitudinal damage modes and impact zones based on reverse fault displacement. The study revealed that the damage modes of the tunnel under different fault displacement modes varied, which was reflected in the different degrees of shear and compression. Regardless of the fault displacement mode, the tunnel structure located within the fault fracture zone was severely damaged, with the most severe damage occurring at the interface between the fixed plate and the fault displacement section. Therefore, in the design, special attention should be paid to the displacement resistance performance of the dangerous sections of the tunnel. The research results provide significant reference and guidance for similar projects.
Assessment of geo-disaster in the snowmelt season considering climate changes
Authors: Kawamura S , Goto R , Yumiyama H , Shioda A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we reproduced avalanches and debris flow phenomena using the debris flow analysis tool, iRIC Morpho2DH, and laboratory-test apparatus. In the laboratory tests, we reproduced aggregates of snow, water, and soil that form during avalanches and debris flows using a pot mill turntable. Consequently, the possibility of forming aggregates of snow, water, and soil during debris flow phenomena was analyzed. Evaluation of avalanche and debris flow phenomena during the snowmelt season was conducted by considering the characteristics of these aggregates. Based on the results, the validity of the analysis method for the Nozuka disaster in Japan was examined. Moreover, the risks associated with future avalanches and debris flow phenomena under changing climatic conditions were studied using the Policy Decision making for Future climate change (d4PDF) database.
Observation and Analysis of Micro- and Meso-structure of Soil in the Shear Zone of Guoyemoli Landslide in Zhouqu County
Authors: Bing-xu Chen , Qiang-qiang Miao , Qing-qing Zhu , Wan-zhi Cao , Ji-zhong Gan , Hao-xiang Guo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An X-ray diffraction mineral composition test was conducted on the shear zone soil of the Guoyemoli landslide in Zhouqu County to analyze the deformation and strength characteristics of the shear zone soil under different stress states. A scanning electron microscope and a stereo microscope were used to observe the microstructure of the shear surface of the shear zone soil, revealing the microstructure evolution characteristics of the shear zone soil sample. The findings of this study provide a data basis for slope stability and risk assessment from a micro perspective.
Damage Evolution and Energy Catastrophe Behavior during Quasi-static Loading Process of Rockburst
Authors: Luo Yinfeng , Zhao Cheng , Qian Yuan , Xing Jinquan , Zhou Biaohe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rockburst pose a serious hazard to deep underground engineering. The damage evolution and energy transformation of rockburst under quasi-static load are the key to reveal the mechanism of rockburst. Based on the instability theory and stiffness theory, the burst rock and surrounding rock combination specimens are designed in this study. Then a constitutive model for simulating the whole process of rockburst is established by statistical damage of rock. The law of damage deformation and energy evolution during rockburst is revealed, and the key factors affecting rockburst intensity are analyzed. The results indicate that the damage mechanism of rockburst is related to the sudden change of damage before and after the peak stress of the burst rock, and the volume ratio of surrounding rock to burst rock. The evaluation index of rockburst proneness based on energy evolution can reflect the energy conversion and transmission relationship between the surrounding rock and burst rock in the combination system, which is of great significance for the evaluation of rockburst proneness.
Ground vibrations induced by high-speed trains moving on layered near-saturated ground using 2.5D FEM
Authors: Geng J L , Gao G Y , Shi W J , Zhang Q W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An improved 2.5-dimensional finite element model is developed to investigate ground vibrations induced by high-speed trains moving on layered near-saturated soil. The accuracy of the model is validated using a theoretical solution. The effects of the train speed, soil type, and saturation on the vibration acceleration, displacement, and excess pore pressure are evaluated by comparing soft- and hard-layered near-saturated and saturated soil models. The findings suggest that the effect of saturation on the ground vibration acceleration and displacement is minimal when the train speed is below the critical speed of the soil. The vibration acceleration, displacement, and excess pore pressure in the soft-layered soil are higher than those in harder soil. Compared to harder layered soil, saturation has a more prominent influence on vibration acceleration and displacement in softer soil, whereas its influence on excess pore pressure is low. The rebound of the excess pore pressure at the saturated soil interface is more pronounced than that at the near-saturated interface. The effect of saturation on excess pore pressure is independent of the train speed.
Performance analysis of various numerical methods for predicting monopile response under machine induced vibration
Authors: Tankra S K , Desuri N P , Biswas S , Roy S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we verify the accuracy of the results obtained using two different numerical methods to simulate a pile-supported machine foundation under vertical vibration. To achieve this, finite element and finite difference methods, available as PLAXIS 3D and FLAC 3D, respectively, are selected for the study. A model consisting of a monopile with a diameter of 0.166 m and a length of 5.8 m is modelled to support the vibratory load induced by the rotary machine. A linear elastic model is used for the pile material and Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is used for the soil. An analysis is performed to determine the frequency-versus-amplitude response of the monopile subjected to rotary-machine-induced vertical vibrations with different dynamic load intensities (0.735, 1.448, 2.117, and 2.721 Nm). The results obtained from both numerical analyses are compared with the experimental results available in the literature. Both numerical methods effectively simulate the nonlinear behavior of the soil-pile system, as observed in the experimental results. Based on the results, it is deduced that the finite element method simulated more harmonious results than the finite difference method compared with the experimental results, with more computational efficiency.
Further development of distinct lattice spring model with Finn model for liquefaction analysis
Authors: Li Zhe , Shoaib Muhammad , Wei Xin-Dong , Zhao Gao-Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The hazards associated with sand liquefaction induced by dynamic events are significant. The study of the dynamic stability in hydraulic structures presents an interdisciplinary challenge encompassing both geotechnical engineering and engineering seismology. This study was based on an actual hydraulic engineering project. To effectively predict changes in pore pressure caused by earthquakes, we integrated the Finn constitutive equations into a distinct lattice spring model (DLSM). In this study, the code was customized to accommodate multiple materials simultaneously participating in the calculations, thus simplifying the solution to complex engineering problems. Initially, we validated the DLSM’s liquefaction equation by comparing it with the finite difference method. Subsequently, we conducted a comparative analysis of liquefaction in an engineering project of sluice using the enhanced DLSM. Our analysis indicates that untreated sand has a severe risk of trending toward liquefaction, presenting a hazard to hydraulic engineering. The incorporation of a gridded concrete framework significantly mitigated the seismic-induced pore pressure accumulation and irreversible deformations caused by vibrations. A comparative study showed that concrete retaining walls with concrete supports are more effective at reducing liquefaction hazards and minimizing irreversible deformations in engineering structures.
Seismic damage analysis of shallow buried subway station in clayey sand soil under mainshock-aftershock earthquakes
Authors: Zhang Zhong-Liang , Cui Zhen-Dong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
During earthquake events, a mainshock may trigger a number of following aftershock earthquakes in a short time. Usually, structures will be damaged to a certain extent by the mainshock, and aftershocks can further exacerbate the damage to structures, making post-disaster rescue and rehabilitation extremely challenging. Yet, most of research on seismic performance of underground structures only considered the single mainshock, ignoring the effect of aftershocks. In this study, a nonlinear numerical model of the shallow buried shallow subway station in clayey sand soil under mainshock-aftershock sequences was constructed to replicate the damage evolution process of underground structures. A limited numerical sensitivity analysis was performed considering the influences of the magnitude of mainshock and aftershock intensity. The results indicate that the damage of subway station is closely related to the magnitude of mainshock intensity. The aftershocks might cause more serious incremental damage to underground structures and secondary displacement of the site, potentially lead to collapse of the subway station, when the mainshock magnitude is greater. With the superposition of the mainshock and aftershock, the relative horizontal displacement of the subway station could reach the inter-story drift limit value. Therefore, the aftershock should be taken into account for seismic safety design of shallow underground structures.
A prediction model for residual shear strength of liquefiable soil based on lateral spreading cases
Authors: Yang Yanxin , Lu Hua , Wu Di , Lin Ziyun , Zhan Xudong , Zhong Wencheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The residual shear strength of liquefiable soil plays an important role in evaluating the displacement magnitude of lateral spreading when applying the Newmark sliding block method. Currently, the empirical model is a mainstream alternative method for estimating the residual shear strength. In this study, a database of well-documented lateral spreading cases is used to establish an exponential function for residual shear strength evaluation correlated with the vertical effective stress and normalized standard penetration test blow counts for liquefied soil. A comparative analysis with two other empirical models is conducted, and the lateral spreading of the Wildlife Site during the Superstition Hills earthquake in 1987 is estimated using the Newmark sliding block method. The model exhibits good performance for soil residual shear strength estimation in cases of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. The average estimated value of the residual shear strength may be appropriate for deterministic analyses in engineering practice.
Comparison and study of different seismic calculation methods for underground stations in Shanghai
Authors: Xing Li Xin , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In terms of seismic design methods for subway stations in the Shanghai area, both national and local standards have presented several pseudo-static methods, including response displacement, response acceleration, equivalent earthquake acceleration, and equivalent inertial force methods. However, certain issues are encountered when these methods are applied to the seismic design of real subway projects. The load input and results obtained from different calculation methods differ from each other. To address such discrepancies and compare the diversity of different methods, this study performs a comparative analysis based on the project case of a ground station in Shanghai. The seismic design is conducted using five different calculation methods. By referring to the results of the dynamic time history analysis, the causes of errors in the calculation results of the displacement and internal force are analyzed. The applicability of the methods is comprehensively explored in terms of a calculation model, determination of the equivalent load, error in the results, and project application. The results show that the response acceleration method exhibits the least error compared to the dynamic time history method. Therefore, the response acceleration method is recommended as the preferred method for the seismic design of underground stations in Shanghai.