bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential patterns of intronic and exonic DNA regions with respect to RNA polymerase II occupancy, nucleosome density and H3K36me3 marking in fission yeast
Authors: Wilhelm Brian T , Marguerat Samuel , Aligianni Sofia , Codlin Sandra , Watt Stephen , Bähler Jürg 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Background
The generation of mature mRNAs involves interconnected processes, including transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), modification of histones, and processing of pre-mRNAs through capping, intron splicing, and polyadenylation. These processes are thought to be integrated, both spatially and temporally, but it is unclear how these connections manifest at a global level with respect to chromatin patterns and transcription kinetics. We sought to clarify the relationships between chromatin, transcription and splicing using multiple genome-wide approaches in fission yeast.

Results
To investigate these functional interdependencies, we determined Pol II occupancy across all genes using high-density tiling arrays. We also performed ChIP-chip on the same array platform to globally map histone H3 and its H3K36me3 modification, complemented by formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE). Surprisingly, Pol II occupancy was higher in introns than in exons, and this difference was inversely correlated with gene expression levels at a global level. Moreover, introns showed distinct distributions of histone H3, H3K36me3 and FAIRE signals, similar to those at promoters and terminators. These distinct transcription and chromatin patterns of intronic regions were most pronounced in poorly expressed genes.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that Pol II accumulates at the 3' ends of introns, leading to substantial transcriptional delays in weakly transcribed genes. We propose that the global relationship between transcription, chromatin remodeling, and splicing may reflect differences in local nuclear environments, with highly expressed genes being associated with abundant processing factors that promote effective intron splicing and transcriptional elongation.
Oxaliplatin As Adjuvant Therapy for Colon Cancer: Updated Results of NSABP C-07 Trial, Including Survival and Subset Analyses
Authors: Yothers Greg , O'Connell Michael J. , Allegra Carmen J. , Kuebler J. Philip , Colangelo Linda H. , Petrelli Nicholas J. , Wolmark Norman 
Published: August 2011

Purpose The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) C-07 trial demonstrated that the addition of oxaliplatin to fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FULV) improved disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage II or III colon cancer. This analysis is the first publication of overall survival (OS) for the NSABP C-07 study. We updated DFS and examined both end points in clinically relevant patient subsets. Patients and Methods Other studies have identified patients age 70 or older and those with stage II disease as patient subsets in which oxaliplatin may not be effective. We investigated toxicity as a driver of divergent outcomes in these subsets. Results In all, 2,409 eligible patients with follow-up were randomly assigned to either FULV (FU 500 mg/m2 by intravenous [IV] bolus weekly for 6 weeks; leucovorin 500 mg/m2 IV weekly for 6 weeks of each 8-week cycle for three cycles) or FLOX (FULV plus oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 15, and 29 of each cycle). With 8 years median follow-up, OS was similar between treatment groups (hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.02; P = .08). FLOX remained superior for DFS (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.93; P = .002). The effect of oxaliplatin on OS did not differ by stage of disease (interaction P = .38 for OS; interaction P = 0.37 for DFS) but did vary by age for OS (younger than age 70 v 70+ interaction P = .039). There was a similar trend for DFS (interaction P = .073). Oxaliplatin significantly improved OS in patients younger than age 70 (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.95; P = .013), but no positive effect was evident in older patients. Conclusion Overall, the addition of oxaliplatin to FULV has not been proven to extend OS in this trial, but the DFS effect remained strong. Unplanned subset analyses suggest a significant OS effect of oxaliplatin in patients younger than age 70.
The Effect of Stabilizing Agent on Platinum Nanoparticles and Implications Towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Blavo Selasi O. , Baldyga Lyndsey , Sanchez Maria D. , Kuhn John N. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
ABSTRACT: The stability of precious metals under acidic conditions is a potential challenge for several applications, including proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Strategies addressing this problem have been tested, including the addition of organic stabilizing agents such as polypyrrole. Organic stabilizing agents also have been used to synthesize precious metal nanoparticles by assisting in the regulation of the nucleation and growth rates. In this study, the stability of 3 nm Pt nanoparticles, synthesized using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent, under acidic conditions was assessed. Well-defined 3 nm Pt nanoparticles were synthesized using a combination of metal precursor, Hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), surfactant (PVP), alcohol (methanol), and water. The metal ion reduction rate was controlled by choosing an appropriate alcohol concentration and surfactant amount. Electrocatalytic properties of the nanoparticles were investigated using cyclic voltammetry electrochemistry experiments, to determine the corresponding electrochemical stability. Batches of washed (in cycles of hexane and ethanol) and unwashed nanoparticles were cycled between the hydrogen and oxygen reduction potentials. Results from the electrochemistry experiment were further correlated with temperature-programmed oxidation experiments after supporting the nanoparticles on silica. Detailed results of this work are presented in this paper, and potential implications for the oxygen reduction reaction and PEMFCs are discussed.
Exercise-induced GH secretion in the assessment of GH deficiency in adult individuals
Authors: Zueger Thomas , Alleman Sabin , Christ Emanuel R , Stettler Christoph 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveThe role of exercise testing in the assessment of GH deficiency (GHD) in adult patients is currently unclear. This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic value of exercise-induced GH levels in the detection of severe GHD in adult patients.MethodsFourteen patients confirmed to have severe GHD according to current guidelines and 20 healthy control individuals (CI) exercised for 120 min at 50–60% of their individual VO2max. GH was measured before and every 30 min throughout exercise. The diagnostic value of predicting GHD was assessed by performing receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for each time point of GH assessment. To optimise comparability within the study population a sub-analysis with ten individuals specifically matched for gender, age, body mass index and waist was performed.ResultsExercise-induced GH secretion was significantly lower in patients with GHD than in CI (P<0.001). Area under the ROC curve (AUCROC) was 0.954±0.033, 0.993±0.009, 0.989±0.012 and 0.992±0.009 for the overall population and 0.870±0.086, 0.980±0.024, 0.970±0.034 and 0.978±0.027 for the matched individuals at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of exercise respectively. At 60 min of exercise a cut off GH value of 2.4 ng/ml translates into a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95 and 90% in the diagnosis of GHD for the overall population and matched individuals respectively.ConclusionGH assessment during a standardised aerobic exercise of moderate intensity is a reliable test with high diagnostic accuracy in predicting severe GHD in adult individuals. Based on the current findings exercise duration of 60 min appears to be sufficient for diagnostic purposes.
Decisions of Black Parents About Infant Bedding and Sleep Surfaces: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ajao Taiwo I. , Oden Rosalind P. , Joyner Brandi L. , Moon Rachel Y. 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this qualitative study was to examine factors influencing decisions by black parents regarding use of soft bedding and sleep surfaces for their infants.

METHODS:
We conducted focus groups and individual interviews with black mothers of lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES). Mothers were asked about many infant care practices, including sleep surface and bedding.

RESULTS:
Eighty-three mothers were interviewed, 73 (47 lower and 26 higher SES) in focus groups and 10 (7 lower and 3 higher SES) in individual interviews. The primary reason for using soft surfaces was infant comfort. Parents perceived that infants were uncomfortable if the surface was not soft. Many parents also interpreted “firm sleep surface” to mean taut; they were comfortable with and believed that they were following recommendations for a firm sleep surface when they placed pillows/blankets on the mattress as long as a sheet was pulled tautly over the pillows/blankets. The primary reasons for using soft bedding (including bumper pads) were comfort, safety, and aesthetics. In addition to using bedding to soften sleep surfaces, bedding was used to prevent infant rollover and falls, particularly for infants sleeping on a bed or sofa. Some parents used soft bedding to create an attractive space for the infant.

CONCLUSIONS:
Many black parents believe that soft bedding will keep their infant safe and comfortable. There is much misunderstanding about the meaning of a “firm” sleep surface. Additional educational messages apparently are needed to change parental perceptions and practices.
Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Efficacy and Safety of Glycine Powder Air Polishing in Moderate‐to‐Deep Periodontal Pockets
Authors: Flemmig Thomas F. , Arushanov Daniyel , Daubert Diane , Rothen Marilynn , Mueller Gregory , Leroux Brian G. 
Published: August 2011

Background: Supragingivally applied glycine powder air polishing (SupraGPAP) has been shown to remove biofilms in shallow periodontal pockets. This study assesses efficacy and safety of subgingivally applied glycine powder air polishing (SubGPAP) in moderate‐to‐deep periodontal pockets.Methods: Patients with chronic periodontitis and intraoral Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Tannerella forsythia who completed initial therapy were randomly assigned to receive SubGPAP in periodontal pockets with probing depths of 4 to 9 mm, SupraGPAP in all other shallow periodontal sites, and at mucous membranes followed by removal of calculus using curets (full‐mouth GPAP) or scaling and root planing followed by coronal polishing (SRP). Patients rinsed with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate after debridement, and twice daily, for 2 weeks.Results: All 30 patients enrolled completed the baseline, day 10, and day 90 visits. SubGPAP resulted in significantly lower total viable bacterial counts in moderate‐to‐deep pockets when compared to SRP immediately after debridement and at day 10 (P <0.05). Total P. gingivalis counts in the oral cavity were significantly reduced after full‐mouth GPAP compared to SRP at day 90 (P <0.05). Patients’ comfort levels were high for both treatments. There were no adverse events related to full‐mouth GPAP.Conclusions: The results indicate that SubGPAP is more efficacious in removing subgingival biofilm in moderate‐to‐deep periodontal pockets than SRP. Furthermore, full‐mouth GPAP may result in a beneficial shift of the oral microbiota and appears to be well tolerated.
Corporate Governance Research in Accounting and Auditing: Insights, Practice Implications, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Carcello Joseph V. , Hermanson Dana R. , Ye Zhongxia (Shelly) 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY
Over the past two decades, the corporate governance literature in accounting and auditing has grown rapidly. To better understand this body of work, we discuss 12 recent literature review or meta-analysis papers and summarize selected results (i.e., clusters of papers with new and interesting results) from recent empirical research papers, after reviewing the findings of over 250 studies. Our corporate governance focus is primarily on corporate board and audit committee issues. We discuss the major insights from this literature and the practice implications of these findings. In addition, we identify a number of opportunities for future research. In particular, we make suggestions for: (1) improved research paradigms in corporate governance, (2) extensions of existing research, and (3) new or emerging lines of research.
Physico-chemical characteristics of shallow, high mountain Lake Blidinje (in a karst area of Bosnia and Herzegovina) with emphasis on its trophic status
Authors: Ivanković Anita , Habul Esma , Knezović Zrinka 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This paper presents data on the physico-chemical characteristics of lake water from May to November, the period without ice cover. Chlorophyll a was monitored over two years from May to November (2006 and 2007). Water was sampled at five locations in the lake’s littoral zone. The following parameters were investigated: temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), Secchi depth (transparency), turbidity, suspended matter, conductivity, total hardness, alkalinity (bicarbonates), acidity, concentrations of nitrite (NO2
−), nitrate (NO3
−), ammonium (NH4
+), total nitrogen (TN), sulphate (SO4
2−), total iron (Fe), silica (SiO2), phosphate (PO4
3−), total phosphorous (TP) and chlorophyll a. Data were statistically analyzed.
Design Management
Authors: Knošková Ľubica 
Published: August 2011

Design Management
The author analyzes in the paper the role of creativity and design in innovations, with emphasis on three theoretical models linking creativity, design and innovations. The effective use of design is linked to design management. The concept of design management relates to certain management activities, methods and skills that are required to optimize and manage design processes. The objective of Design management is the creation of synergy between the creative realm and the business realm. Factors influencing the level of design management are analyzed and suggestions for incorporating design as strategic function are outlined.
Exergetic cost of steam power plant operation
Authors: Budnik Michał , Stanek Wojciech 
Published: August 2011

Exergetic cost of steam power plant operation
The paper is devoted to the problems of exergetic cost determination. A brief description of theoretical fundamentals of exergetic cost determination and its application are presented. The applied method of calculations is based on the rules of determination of cumulative exergy consumption. The additional possibilities ensured by the exergetic cost analysis in comparison to the direct exergy consumption analysis are discussed. The presented methodology was applied for the analysis of influence of operational parameters on exergetic cost indices of steam power plant. Results of calculations concern one of the modern Polish power plant unit. Basing on the obtained results several conclusions have been formulated that show advantages of application of exergetic cost analyses.
A definition of near-critical region based on heat capacity variation in transcritical heat exchangers
Authors: Trela Marian , Kwidziński Roman , Butrymowicz Dariusz 
Published: August 2011

A definition of near-critical region based on heat capacity variation in transcritical heat exchangers
In the paper, a method for determination of the near-critical region boundary is proposed. The boundary is evaluated with respect to variations of specific heat capacity along isobars. It is assumed that the value of specific heat capacity inside the near-critical region exceeds by more than 50% the practically constant value typical for fluids under normal conditions. It appears that large variations of heat capacity are also present for high-pressure subcritical states sufficiently close to the critical point. Therefore, such defined near-critical region is located not only in supercritical fluid domain but also extends into subcritical fluid. As an example, the boundaries of the near-critical region were evaluated for water, carbon dioxide and R143a.
Structural damage identification using frequency and modal changes
Authors: Dems K. , Turant J. 
Published: August 2011

Structural damage identification using frequency and modal changesThe problem of identification of a structural damage is considered. The identification of location and/or dimensions of a damaged area or local defects and inclusions is performed using the measurements of vibration frequency and eigenvalues of real structure and the corresponding finite element model. The proper distance norms between the measured and calculated structural response are introduced and minimized during the identification procedure.
Dead-beat and reaching-law-based sliding-mode control of perishable inventory systems
Authors: Ignaciuk P. , Bartoszewicz A. 
Published: August 2011

Dead-beat and reaching-law-based sliding-mode control of perishable inventory systemsIn this paper we consider the problem of efficient control of inventory systems with perishable goods. In the analyzed setting the deteriorating stock at a distribution center used to fulfill unknown, time-varying demand is replenished with delay from a supply source. The challenging issue is to achieve the high service level with minimum costs when the replenishment orders are procured with lead-time delay spanning multiple review periods. On the contrary to the typical heuristic approaches, we apply formal methodology based on discrete-time sliding-mode (SM) control. The proposed SM controller with the sliding plane selected for a dead-beat scheme ensures that the maximum service level is obtained in the system with arbitrary delay and any bounded demand pattern. In order to account for the supplier capacity limitations in the systems with input constraints, we also develop an alternative control strategy based on reaching law. Both controllers achieve a given service level with smaller holding costs and reduced order-to-demand variance ratio as compared to the classical order-up-to policy.
Stokes flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid past a porous spheroidal shell
Authors: Iyengar T. , Radhika T. 
Published: August 2011

Stokes flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid past a porous spheroidal shellConsider a pair of confocal prolate spheroids S0and S1where S0is within S1. Let the spheroid S0be a solid and the annular region between S0and S1be porous. The present investigation deals with a flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid past S1with a uniform stream at infinity along the common axis of symmetry of the spheroids. The flow outside the spheroid S1is assumed to follow the linearized version of Eringen's micropolar fluid flow equations and the flow within the porous region is assumed to be governed by the classical Darcy's law. The fluid flow variables within the porous and free regions are determined in terms of Legendre functions, prolate spheroidal radial and angular wave functions and a formula for the drag on the spheroid is obtained. Numerical work is undertaken to study the variation of the drag with respect to the geometric parameter, material parameter and the permeability parameter of the porous region. An interesting feature of the investigation deals with the presentation of the streamline pattern.
Active fault-tolerant control design for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems
Authors: Dziekan Ł. , Witczak M. , Korbicz J. 
Published: August 2011

Active fault-tolerant control design for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systemsIn this paper, a virtual actuator-based active fault-tolerant control strategy is presented. After a short introduction to Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems, it is shown how to design a fault-tolerant control strategy for this particular class of non-linear systems. The key contribution of the proposed approach is an integrated fault-tolerant control design procedure of fault identification and control within an integrated fault-tolerant control scheme. In particular, fault identification is implemented with the suitable state observer. While, the controller is implemented in such a way that the state of the (possibly faulty) system tracks the state of a fault-free reference model. Consequently, the fault-tolerant control stabilizes the possibly faulty system taking into account the input constraints and some control objective function. Finally, the last part of the paper shows a comprehensive case study regarding the application of the proposed strategy to fault-tolerant control of a twin-rotor system.
CMOS realisation of analogue processor for early vision processing
Authors: Jendernalik W. , Jakusz J. , Blakiewicz G. , Piotrowski R. , Szczepański S. 
Published: August 2011

CMOS realisation of analogue processor for early vision processing
The architecture concept of a high-speed low-power analogue vision chip, which performs low-level real-time image algorithms is presented. The proof-of-concept prototype vision chip containing 32 × 32 photosensor array and 32 analogue processors is fabricated using a 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The prototype can be configured to register and process images with very high speed, reaching 2000 frames per second, or achieve very low power consumption, several μW. Finally, the experimental results are presented and discussed.
Pipeline processing in low-density parity-check codes hardware decoder
Authors: Sułek W. 
Published: August 2011

Pipeline processing in low-density parity-check codes hardware decoderLow-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are one of the best known error correcting coding methods. This article concerns the hardware iterative decoder for a subclass of LDPC codes that are implementation oriented, known also as Architecture Aware LDPC. The decoder has been implemented in a form of synthesizable VHDL description. To achieve high clock frequency of the decoder hardware implementation - and in consequence high data-throughput, a large number of pipeline registers has been used in the processing chain. However, the registers increase the processing path delay, since the number of clock cycles required for data propagating is increased. Thus in general the idle cycles must be introduced between decoding subiterations. In this paper we study the conditions for necessity of idle cycles and provide a method for calculation the exact number of required idle cycles on the basis of parity check matrix of the code. Then we propose a parity check matrix optimization method to minimize the total number of required idle cycles and hence, maximize the decoder throughput. The proposed matrix optimization by sorting rows and columns does not change the code properties. Results, presented in the paper, show that the decoder throughput can be significantly increased with the proposed optimization method.