bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cribriform‐morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma—Cytological and immunocytochemical findings of 18 cases
Authors: Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Maekawa Miyoko , Kuma Seiji , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to describe cytologic findings of cribriform‐morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CMV‐PTC) in detail, to review previously reported cases, and to emphasize the diagnostic significance of this subtype. We examined 19 ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens from 18 CMV‐PTC patients. Cytologic features of CMV‐PTC were as follows, (1) hypercellularity, (2) papillary arrangement composed of tall columnar cells, (3) cribriform pattern, (4) morules, (5) spindle cells, (6) obscure ground‐glass nuclei, (7) peculiar nuclear clearing (PNC), (8) foamy or hemosiderin‐laden histiocytes, (9) hyaline materials, (10) absence of colloid in the background. The nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of beta‐catenin and biotin‐positive PNC can indicate CMV‐PTC. We believe that cytologic diagnosis of CMV‐PTC is possible and it may lead to the early detection of polyposis coli. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:890–896. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy samples for the assessment of basal phenotype in triple negative breast cancer patients: A correlative study
Authors: Mohammadi Amir , Rosa Marilin , Masood Shahla 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMolecular profiling of breast cancer has gained popularity due to the possibility of studying the biological spectrum of the disease and to evaluate prognostic and predictive characteristics that can lead to more accurate therapeutic decisions. Although studies have been carried out on tissue using tissue microarray technology (TMA), to our knowledge, this technology has not been applied to samples obtained by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). This study was designed to correlate FNAB samples with corresponding surgical specimens for the assessment of basal phenotype in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). A total of 198 cases of TNBC with matching FNAB and surgical specimens were identified. Forty‐six cases with sufficient tissue in both FNAB cell blocks and surgical specimens were selected. Tissue microarray blocks were prepared and stained with six biomarkers (CK5/6, p63, SMA, EGFR, C‐Kit, and p53). For statistical analysis, we used the observed (Gross) percentage of agreement and also calculated the Cohen's Kappa for each biomarker. We found a high agreement between the two groups as shown by the values of Observed (Gross) percentage of agreement (mostly 90% or higher except for the C‐Kit which was 78%). In addition, Cohen's Kappa point estimate showed substantial agreement (0.61–0.80) for CK 5/6, p63, EGFR, p53, moderate agreement (0.41–0.60) for C‐Kit, and, fair agreement (0.21–0.40) for SMA. Our study shows that the advantages of FNAB are not restricted to cost‐effectiveness, but also attested that cytology samples are suitable for the evaluation of biomarkers that have important implications on patient's therapy and prognosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:1–7. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional flow of an elastico‐viscous fluid with mass transfer
Authors: Hayat T. , Qasim M. , Abbas Z. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper looks at the unsteady three‐dimensional MHD flow of an elastico‐viscous fluid over a stretching surface. The analysis of mass transfer is also analyzed. The governing boundary layer equations are reduced into partial differential equations with three dependent variables through similarity transformations. The transformed system of equations is solved analytically by employing homotopy analysis method (HAM). Plots for various interesting parameters are presented and discussed. Numerical data for surface shear stresses and surface mass transfer in steady case are also tabulated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A structured but non‐uniform Cartesian grid‐based model for the shallow water equations
Authors: Liang Qiuhua 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn large‐scale shallow flow simulations, local high‐resolution predictions are often required in order to reduce the computational cost without losing the accuracy of the solution. This is normally achieved by solving the governing equations on grids refined only to those areas of interest. Grids with varying resolution can be generated by different approaches, e.g. nesting methods, patching algorithms and adaptive unstructured or quadtree gridding techniques. This work presents a new structured but non‐uniform Cartesian grid system as an alternative to the existing approaches to provide local high‐resolution mesh. On generating a structured but non‐uniform Cartesian grid, the whole computational domain is first discretized using a coarse background grid. Local refinement is then achieved by directly allocating a specific subdivision level to each background grid cell. The neighbour information is specified by simple mathematical relationships and no explicit storage is needed. Hence, the structured property of the uniform grid is maintained. After employing some simple interpolation formulae, the governing shallow water equations are solved using a second‐order finite volume Godunov‐type scheme in a similar way as that on a uniform grid. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamics of long forward rate term structures
Authors: Luo Xingguo , Zhang Jin E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this article, we look at study the dynamics of forward rates with maturities longer than 14 years. We re‐document the phenomenon of the downward sloping long forward rate term structure using U.S. Treasury STRIPS data over the period 1988 to 2007. By calibrating Diebold F. X. and Li C.‐L.'s (2006) dynamic Nelson C. R. and Siegel A. F. (1987) and Christensen J. H. E., Diebold F. X., and Rudebusch G. D.'s (2007) arbitrage‐free Nelson‐Siegel models, we find that both models explain the empirical phenomenon very well. Out‐of‐sample comparison shows that imposing no‐arbitrage restriction indeed improves the forecasting performance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:957–982, 2010
Joint linkage and segregation analysis under multiallelic trait inheritance: simplifying interpretations for complex traits
Authors: Rosenthal Elisabeth A. , Wijsman Ellen M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIdentification of the genetic basis of common traits may be hindered by underlying complex genetic architectures that are inadequately captured by existing models, including both multiallelic and multilocus modes of inheritance (MOI). One useful approach for localizing genes underlying continuous complex traits is the joint oligogenic linkage and segregation analysis implemented in the package Loki. The method uses reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo to eliminate the need to prespecify the number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the trait model, thus providing posterior distributions for the number of QTLs in a Bayesian framework. The current implementation assumes QTLs are diallelic, and therefore can overestimate the number of linked QTLs in the presence of a multiallelic QTL. To address the possibility of multiple alleles, we extended the QTL model to allow for a variable number of additive alleles at each locus. Application to simulated data shows that, under a diallelic MOI, the multiallelic and diallelic analysis models give similar results. Under a multiallelic MOI, the multiallelic analysis model provides better mixing and improved convergence, and leads to a more accurate estimate of the underlying trait MOI and model parameter values, than does the diallelic model. Application to real data shows the multiallelic model results in fewer estimated linked QTLs and that the predominant QTL model is similar to one of two predominant models estimated from the diallelic analysis. Our results indicate that use of a multiallelic analysis model can lead to better understanding of the genetic architecture underlying complex traits.Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 344–353, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The gene, environment association studies consortium (GENEVA): maximizing the knowledge obtained from GWAS by collaboration across studies of multiple conditions
Authors: Cornelis Marilyn C. , Agrawal Arpana , Cole John W. , Hansel Nadia N. , Barnes Kathleen C. , Beaty Terri H. , Bennett Siiri N. , Bierut Laura J. , Boerwinkle Eric , Doheny Kimberly F. , Feenstra Bjarke , Feingold Eleanor , Fornage Myriam , Haiman Christopher A. , Harris Emily L. , Hayes M. Geoffrey , Heit John A. , Hu Frank B. , Kang Jae H. , Laurie Cathy C. , Ling Hua , Manolio Teri A. , Marazita Mary L. , Mathias Rasika A. , Mirel Daniel B. , Paschall Justin , Pasquale Louis R. , Pugh Elizabeth W. , Rice John P. , Udren Jenna , van Dam Rob M. , Wang Xiaojing , Wiggs Janey L. , Williams Kayleen , Yu Kai 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have emerged as powerful means for identifying genetic loci related to complex diseases. However, the role of environment and its potential to interact with key loci has not been adequately addressed in most GWAS. Networks of collaborative studies involving different study populations and multiple phenotypes provide a powerful approach for addressing the challenges in analysis and interpretation shared across studies. The Gene, Environment Association Studies (GENEVA) consortium was initiated to: identify genetic variants related to complex diseases; identify variations in gene‐trait associations related to environmental exposures; and ensure rapid sharing of data through the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes. GENEVA consists of several academic institutions, including a coordinating center, two genotyping centers and 14 independently designed studies of various phenotypes, as well as several Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health led by the National Human Genome Research Institute. Minimum detectable effect sizes include relative risks ranging from 1.24 to 1.57 and proportions of variance explained ranging from 0.0097 to 0.02. Given the large number of research participants (N>80,000), an important feature of GENEVA is harmonization of common variables, which allow analyses of additional traits. Environmental exposure information available from most studies also enables testing of gene‐environment interactions. Facilitated by its sizeable infrastructure for promoting collaboration, GENEVA has established a unified framework for genotyping, data quality control, analysis and interpretation. By maximizing knowledge obtained through collaborative GWAS incorporating environmental exposure information, GENEVA aims to enhance our understanding of disease etiology, potentially identifying opportunities for intervention. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 364–372, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olfactory ensheathing cells: Attractant of neural progenitor migration to olfactory bulb
Authors: Zhu Yanling , Cao Li , Su Zhida , Mu Lifang , Yuan Yimin , Gao Liang , Qiu Yang , He Cheng 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOlfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are the glial cells that derive from the olfactory placode, envelop olfactory axons in the course of migration from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb and reside primarily in the olfactory nerve layer. OECs transplantation as a promising experimental therapy for axonal injuries has been intensively studied; however, little is known about their roles in olfactory bulb development. In this study, we examined the effects of OECs on the migration of neural progenitors in rostral migratory stream (RMS). Initially, the neurosphere migration assay showed that OEC‐conditioned medium promoted progenitors to migrate from RMS neurospheres in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, co‐culturing OECs nearby the RMS explants led to asymmetric migration of explants in different developing stages. However, OECs could influence the migration in a distance not further than 1.5 mm. Finally, slice assay that mimic the circumstance in vivo revealed that OECs had a chemoattractive activity on RMS neural progenitors. Together, these results demonstrate that OECs attract neural progenitors in RMS through the release of diffusible factors and it is likely that OECs mainly influence radial migration in the olfactory bulb but not tangential migration of the RMS invivo during development. This suggests a previously unknown function for OECs in olfactory development and a novel mechanism underlying the targeting of RMS cells. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P2Y12receptor‐mediated integrin‐β1 activation regulates microglial process extension induced by ATP
Authors: Ohsawa Keiko , Irino Yasuhiro , Sanagi Tomomi , Nakamura Yasuko , Suzuki Eri , Inoue Kazuhide , Kohsaka Shinichi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMicroglia are the primary immune surveillance cells in the brain, and when activated they play critical roles in inflammatory reactions and tissue repair in the damaged brain. Microglia rapidly extend their processes toward the damaged areas in response to stimulation of the metabotropic ATP receptor P2Y12by ATP released from damaged tissue. This chemotactic response is a highly important step that enables microglia to function properly at normal and pathological sites in the brain. To investigate the molecular pathways that underlie microglial process extension, we developed a novel method of modeling microglial process extension that uses transwell chambers in which the insert membrane is coated with collagen gel. In this study, we showed that ATP increased microglial adhesion to collagen gel, and that the ATP‐induced process extension and increase in microglial adhesion were inhibited by integrin blocking peptides, RGD, and a functional blocking antibody against integrin‐β1. An immunoprecipitation analysis with an antibody against the active form of integrin‐β1 showed that P2Y12mediated the integrin‐β1 activation by ATP. In addition, time‐lapse imaging of EGFP‐labeled microglia in mice hippocampal slices showed that RGD inhibited the directional process extension toward the nucleotide source, and immunohistochemical staining showed that integrin‐β1 accumulated in the tips of the microglial processes in rat hippocampal slices stimulated with ADP. These findings indicate that ATP induces the integrin‐β1 activation in microglia through P2Y12and suggest that the integrin‐β1 activation is involved in the directional process extension by microglia in brain tissue. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
mGLU3 metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate the differentiation of SVZ‐derived neural stem cells towards the astrocytic lineage
Authors: Ciceroni C. , Mosillo P. , Mastrantoni E. , Sale P. , Ricci‐Vitiani L. , Biagioni F. , Stocchi F. , Nicoletti F. , Melchiorri D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of postnatal mice, and cultured as neurospheres, expressed functional mGlu3 receptors. Following mitogen withdrawal and plating onto poly‐ornitine‐coated dishes, cells dissociated from the neurospheres differentiated into GFAP+astrocytes (about 85%), and a small percentage of β‐III tubulin+‐neurons and O1+‐oligodendrocytes. Activation of mGlu3 receptors with LY379268 (100 nM, applied every other day), during the differentiation period, impaired astrocyte differentiation, favoring the maintenance in culture of proliferating progenitors co‐expressing GFAP with the immature markers, Sox1 and nestin. Co‐treatment with the preferential mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist, LY341495 (100 nM), reversed this effect. We examined whether mGlu3 receptors could modulate the canonical signaling pathway activated by bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), which are known to promote astrocyte differentiation of SVZ/NSCs. An acute challenge of cells isolated from the neurospheres with BMP4 (100 ng/mL) led to phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factors, Smads. This effect was largely attenuated by the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist, LY379268. The interaction of mGlu3 and BMP4 receptors was mediated by the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Accordingly, LY379268 failed to affect BMP receptor signaling when combined with the MAPK kinase inhibitor, UO‐126 (30 μM). These data raise the intriguing possibility that glutamate regulates differentiation of SVZ/NSCs by activating mGlu3 receptors. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of the unaffected hemisphere in motor recovery after stroke
Authors: Riecker Axel , Gröschel Klaus , Ackermann Hermann , Schnaudigel Sonja , Kassubek Jan , Kastrup Andreas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe contribution of the ipsilateral (nonaffected) hemisphere to recovery of motor function after stroke is controversial. Under the assumption that functionally relevant areas within the ipsilateral motor system should be tightly coupled to the demand we used fMRI and acoustically paced movements of the right index finger at six different frequencies to define the role of these regions for recovery after stroke. Eight well‐recovered patients with a chronic striatocapsular infarction of the left hemisphere were compared with eight age‐matched participants. As expected the hemodynamic response increased linearly with the frequency of the finger movements at the level of the left supplementary motor cortex (SMA) and the left primary sensorimotor cortex (SMC) in both groups. In contrast, a linear increase of the hemodynamic response with higher tapping frequencies in the right premotor cortex (PMC) and the right SMC was only seen in the patient group. These results support the model of an enhanced bihemispheric recruitment of preexisting motor representations in patients after subcortical stroke. Since all patients had excellent motor recovery contralesional SMC activation appears to be efficient and resembles the widespread, bilateral activation observed in healthy participants performing complex movements, instead of reflecting maladaptive plasticity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A common mechanism for adaptive scaling of reward and novelty
Authors: Bunzeck Nico , Dayan Peter , Dolan Raymond J. , Duzel Emrah 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDeclarative memory is remarkably adaptive in the way it maintains sensitivity to relative novelty in both unknown and highly familiar environments. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this contextual adaptation are poorly understood. On the basis of emerging links between novelty processing and reinforcement learning mechanisms, we hypothesized that responses to novelty will be adaptively scaled according to expected contextual probabilities of new and familiar events, in the same way that responses to prediction errors for rewards are scaled according to their expected range. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans, we show that the influence of novelty and reward on memory formation in an incidental memory task is adaptively scaled and furthermore that the BOLD signal in orbital prefrontal and medial temporal cortices exhibits concomitant scaled adaptive coding. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism for adjusting gain and sensitivity in declarative memory in accordance with contextual probabilities and expectancies of future events. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The neural signature of phosphene perception
Authors: Taylor Paul C.J. , Walsh Vincent , Eimer Martin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractArtificial percepts (phosphenes) can be induced by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over human visual cortex. Although phosphenes have been used to study visual awareness, the neural mechanisms generating them have not yet been delineated. We directly tested the two leading hypotheses of how phosphenes arise. These hypotheses correspond to the two competing views of the neural genesis of awareness: the early, feedforward view and the late, recurrent feedback model. We combined online TMS and EEG recordings to investigate whether the electrophysiological correlates of conscious phosphene perception are detectable early after TMS onset as an immediate local effect of TMS, or only at longer latencies, after interactions of TMS‐induced activity with other visual areas. Stimulation was applied at the intensity threshold at which participants saw a phosphene on half of the trials, and brain activity was recorded simultaneously with electroencephalography. Phosphene perception was associated with a differential pattern of TMS‐evoked brain potentials that started 160–200 ms after stimulation and encompassed a wide array of posterior areas. This pattern was differentiated from the TMS‐evoked potential after stimulation of a control site. These findings suggest that conscious phosphene perception is not a local phenomenon, but arises only after extensive recurrent processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of unsymmetrical difluoro‐boron complexes with imidazoline as potential fungicides
Authors: Wang Kewei , Cui Jingnan , Xie Lijuan , Qian Xuhong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of unsymmetrical difluoro‐boron(BF2) complexes with pyridine and imidazoline were synthesized by reaction of new chelating ligands (arylmethyl‐imidazolidinylidene)‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐amine with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. All the ligands and BF2 complexes were structurally characterized by IR, HRMS, 1H, 13C,11B, and 19F NMR, indicating the bidentate complexation of imidazoline nitrogen and the pyridine nitrogen to the boron center. Evaluation of agricultural bioactivities showed that some of the BF2 complexes exhibited moderate fungicidal activities, and most of the BF2 complexes exhibited higher activities than the none‐BF2 complexed substrates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:418–424, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20567
Usefulness of the combination of ultrasonography and 99mTc‐sestamibi scintigraphy in the preoperative evaluation of uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Vulpio Carlo , Bossola Maurizio , De Gaetano Annamaria , Maresca Giulia , Bruno Isabella , Fadda Guido , Morassi Francesca , Magalini Sabina C. , Giordano Alessandro , Castagneto Marco 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground.The usefulness of the combination of technetium‐99m‐methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc‐MIBI) parathyroid scintigraphy and ultrasonography to detect parathyroid glands (PTGs) in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is still controversial.Methods.In all, 21 patients with SHPT underwent parathyroidectomy. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography and scintigraphy related to site, size, hyperplasia type of PTG, concomitant thyroid disease, and the frequency of intraoperative frozen sections were determined.Results.The sensitivities of scintigraphy and ultrasonography were 62% and 55%, and the specificity was 95% for both procedures. The sensitivity of combined techniques was 73%. The scintigraphy detected 7/9 (78%) ectopic PTGs, whereas ultrasonography was always negative. A PTG maximum longitudinal diameter <8 mm, the presence of diffuse hyperplasia, the upper localization of glands, and the presence of concomitant thyroid disease reduced the sensitivity and specificity of imaging techniques. In cases of positive imaging, the rate of intraoperative frozen sections was significantly lower.Conclusions.The ultrasonography and sestamibi scintigraphy, which showed a higher sensitivity than that of either ultrasonography or scintigraphy alone, led to a reduction of intraoperative frozen sections and to preoperative diagnosis of ectopic (29%) or supernumerary PTGs (10%) and concomitant nodular thyroid disease (24%). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010