bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific convulsions and brain damage in children hospitalized for Omicron BA.5 infection: an observational study using two cohorts
Authors: Pei Yuan-Yuan , Wang Hong-Li , Yin Gen-Quan , Xu Yi , Tan Jian-Hao , Liang Xin-Hua , Wu Hui-Ying , Yin Xun-Tao , Fang Chun-Xiao , Peng Jun-Zheng , Wu Zhi-Yuan , Sun Yi , Dang Run , Liang Yu-Feng , Tang Hong-Mei , Li You-Yi , Qiao Zhong-Xiang , Liang Zhi-Cheng , Tang Jian-Ping , Zeng Fan-Sen , Zheng Ke-Lu , Zeng Yi-Ru , Cao Xiao-Jun , Xia Hui-Min , Wei Jian-Rui , Tang Jin-Ling , Gong Si-Tang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate over time, and reports on children infected with Omicron BA.5 are limited. We aimed to analyze the specific symptoms of Omicron-infected children and to improve patient care.

Methods
We selected 315 consecutively hospitalized children with Omicron BA.5 and 16,744 non-Omicron-infected febrile children visiting the fever clinic at our hospital between December 8 and 30, 2022. Specific convulsions and body temperatures were compared between the two cohorts. We analyzed potential associations between convulsions and vaccination, and additionally evaluated the brain damage among severe Omicron-infected children.

Results
Convulsion rates (97.5% vs. 4.3%, $$P$$
P
< 0.001) and frequencies (median: 2.0 vs. 1.6, $$P$$
P
< 0.001) significantly differed between Omicron-infected and non-Omicron-infected febrile children. The body temperatures of Omicron-infected children were significantly higher during convulsions than when they were not convulsing and those of non-Omicron-infected febrile children during convulsions (median: 39.5 vs. 38.2 and 38.6 °C, both $$P$$
P
< 0.001). In the three Omicron-subgroups, the temperature during convulsions was proportional to the percentage of patients and significantly differed ($$P$$
P
< 0.001), while not in the three non-Omicron-subgroups $$(P$$

(
P

= 0.244). The convulsion frequency was lower in the 55 vaccinated children compared to the 260 non-vaccinated children (average: 1.8 vs. 2.1, $$P$$
P
< 0.001). The vaccination dose and convulsion frequency in Omicron-infected children were significantly correlated ($$P$$
P
< 0.001). Fifteen of the 112 severe Omicron cases had brain damage.

Conclusions
Omicron-infected children experience higher body temperatures and frequencies during convulsions than those of non-Omicron-infected febrile children. We additionally found evidence of brain damage caused by infection with omicron BA.5. Vaccination and prompt fever reduction may relieve symptoms.

Graphical abstract
Dietary changes seen through the isotope analysis of the La Tène burial site of Prosmyky (Bohemia, 4th-3rd century BCE)
Authors: Vytlačil Zdeněk , Danielisová Alžběta , Velemínský Petr , Blažek Jan , Drtikolová Kaupová Sylva 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDietary reconstruction using carbon and nitrogen isotopes has been applied to the La Tène population buried at Prosmyky, a large cemetery of the 4th-3rd centuries BCE in northwest Bohemia. The analysis of bone collagen from 55 individuals showed a diet that did not differ noticeably from other contemporary sites in the region. However, chronologically sensitive development in diet, with gradually increasing δ13C values, was present, signifying a growing reliance on millet for sustenance through the cemetery’s lifespan. Moreover, a rather unusual higher δ15N in individuals older than ca. 30 years of age was also observed. Possible explanations are examined, along with a comparison with other published data from the region, suggesting the influence of regionally based developments that might be linked with the societal shifts that led towards the Late La Tène period.
Capturing students’ LMS experience: measurement invariance across Chinese and English versions
Authors: Jiang Juming , Simon Patricia D. , Fryer Luke K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLearning management systems (LMS) have emerged as a standard component of higher education institutions for the web-based delivery and management of courses. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the value of LMS in facilitating online teaching and learning. However, the significance of examining the factors that impact LMS use success during the pandemic has been underestimated. Moreover, despite previous attempts to evaluate students’ LMS experience, most research failed to connect the actual use of LMS to students’ learning success. To address these gaps, we developed and validated an empirical and theory-based instrument measuring students’ LMS experience. The choice of constructs was informed by a scoping review of LMS measures and interviews with a representative sample of students and teachers about their LMS use. By adding constructs that are relevant to learning in the LMS, the current study provided a more comprehensive measurement that captures students’ learning experience in the platform. We provided evidence for the measurement invariance of the scales with their Chinese translation as well. By addressing the limitations and building on this study’s findings, researchers can further advance our understanding of LMS experiences and contribute to developing more effective e-learning systems to support teaching and learning in higher education.
The Roles of Race and Mental Health in the On-scene Outcomes of Public Mass Shootings
Authors: Franklin Sarah , Isom Deena A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMass shootings are most frequently committed by white men. Yet, these white perpetrators often do not meet the same fatal fate as Black people who have committed lesser crimes, particularly in the United States. Furthermore, Black people with mental health issues in such situations are more commonly met with lethal force. This study investigates if disparities exist in the likelihood of being apprehended, taking one’s own life, or being killed by police or others during a public mass shooting incident based on one’s race and known mental health status. Using the Violence Project data, this study aids understanding of the causes and consequences of mass violence.
Opportunities to improve goat production and food security in Botswana through forage nutrition and the use of supplemental feeds
Authors: Cooke Andrew S. , Machekano Honest , Ventura-Cordero Javier , Louro-Lopez Aranzazu , Joseph Virgil , Gwiriri Lovemore C. , Takahashi Taro , Morgan Eric R. , Lee Michael R. F. , Nyamukondiwa Casper 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGoats fulfil a central role in food and nutritional security across Africa with over half of households owning or rearing goats in rural areas. However, goat performance is poor and mortality high. This study assessed the nutritional quality of commonly used feeds and proposes feed-baskets to enhance goat nutrition and health. Feeds were collected from 11 areas within the Central District of Botswana, and macronutrient analyses were conducted, including crude protein, fibre fractions, ash, and metabolizable energy (ME). Forage nutrition was compared across seasons and soil types. Additionally, seasonal supplementation trials were conducted to evaluate consumption rates of various supplements, including crop residues, pellets, Lablab purpureus, and Dichrostachys cinerea. Each supplement was provided ad libitum for a 24-h period, and consumption rates determined. Findings revealed significant differences in nutrition among various feed sources, across seasons, and in relation to soil types (p < 0.001). Consumption rates of supplements were higher during the dry season, possibly due to reduced forage availability. Supplement consumption rates varied across supplement type, with crop residues accounting for approximately 1% of dry matter intake, compared to up to 45% for pellets, 13% for L. purpureus, and 15% for D. cinerea. While wet season feed baskets exhibited higher ME values compared to dry-season feed-baskets, the relative impact of supplementation was more pronounced during the dry season. These results highlight the potential for optimizing goat diets through improved grazing and browsing management, especially during the reduced nutritional availability in the dry season in Botswana. Such diet optimisation may improve goat health and productivity, which may positively impact the food and financial security of smallholders by providing both increased yields and increased resilience. Importantly, rural communities can experience some of the lowest food security levels in the region. The interventions explored in this study utilise natural capital, often freely available, which can be deployed through existing husbandry systems, potentially making them accessible and practical to smallholders.
Op weg naar een ‘animictielijst’?
Authors: Schlatmann Florine W. M. , Smeenk Stella C. , van Balken Michael R. 
Published: May 2024

Samenvatting
Introductie
De mictielijst is een veelgebruikt diagnostisch instrument in de urologie. Voor het verkrijgen van een betrouwbaar klinisch beeld is het essentieel dat deze correct wordt ingevuld. Uit eerdere onderzoeken bleek dat dat niet altijd probleemloos verloopt. Dit kwalitatieve onderzoek ging na of een geanimeerde invulinstructie het begrip van de manier waarop de mictielijst moet worden ingevuld meer vergroot dan een tekstuele invulinstructie.

Materiaal en methoden
Volwassenen beoordeelden een mictielijst met de reguliere tekstuele invulinstructie (TML) of met een geanimeerde invulinstructie (AML). We maakten gebruik van de thinking-aloud-methode en interviews. Vooraf gedefinieerde items werden gescoord.

Resultaten
AML-participanten hadden een beter begrip van hoe de ML moet worden ingevuld dan de TML-participanten van de mictielijst, wat vooral gold voor deelnemers met een laag opleidingsniveau. Zij scoorden beter bij het benoemen van de mictie, vochtinname, incontinentie en aandrang. Anderstaligen waardeerden de visuele ondersteuning.

Conclusie
Tekstuele invulinstructies voor mictielijsten zijn moeilijk te begrijpen voor deelnemers van alle opleidingsniveaus vanwege de terminologie en lay-out. Een geanimeerde invulinstructie verbetert het begrip en de invulkwaliteit, waardoor betrouwbaardere informatie wordt verkregen.
Recent Progress in Sodium-Ion Batteries: Advanced Materials, Reaction Mechanisms and Energy Applications
Authors: Wu Yujun , Shuang Wei , Wang Ya , Chen Fuyou , Tang Shaobing , Wu Xing-Long , Bai Zhengyu , Yang Lin , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor energy storage technologies, secondary batteries have the merits of environmental friendliness, long cyclic life, high energy conversion efficiency and so on, which are considered to be hopeful large-scale energy storage technologies. Among them, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been commercialized and occupied an important position as secondary batteries due to their high energy density and long cyclic life. Nevertheless, the uneven distribution of lithium resources and a large number of continuous consumptions result in a price increase for lithium. So, it is very crucial to seek and develop alternative batteries with abundant reserves and low cost. As one of the best substitutes for widely commercialized LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) display gorgeous application prospects. However, further improvements in SIB performance are still needed in the aspects of energy/power densities, fast-charging capability and cyclic stability. Electrode materials locate at a central position of SIBs. In addition to electrode materials, electrolytes, conductive agents, binders and separators are imperative for practical SIBs. In this review, the latest progress and challenges of applications of SIBs are reviewed. Firstly, the anode and cathode materials for SIBs are symmetrically summarized from aspects of the design strategies and synthesis, electrochemical active sites, surrounding environments of active sites, reaction mechanisms and characterization methods. Secondly, the influences of electrolytes, conductive agents, binders and separators on the electrochemical performance are elucidated. Finally, the technical challenges are summarized, and the possible future research directions for overcoming the challenges are proposed for developing high performance SIBs for practical applications.
Graphical abstract
Reflection of Waves in a Two-Temperature Magneto-fiber-Reinforced Solid with Memory-Dependent Derivative Using Different Theories
Authors: Said Samia M. , Abd-Elaziz El-sayed M. , Othman Mohamed I. A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The problem is concerned with the analysis of the reflection of the waves through a fiber-reinforced thermoelastic medium under the effect of the magnetic field, gravity, and the initial stress. The problem is discussed in the context of the three-phase-lag model and Green-Naghdi theory of type II and III with the memory-dependent derivative and variable thermal conductivity.

Methods
The harmonic representation of waves is used to find the solution to the problem. Based on the solution, it is concluded that after reflection three quasi-waves propagate through the medium.

Results
Numerical computations were performed using MATLAB software. The reflection coefficient ratio variations with the angle of the incident are shown graphically.

Conclusion
Comparisons are made with the results predicted for different values of the thermal conductivity parameter, two-temperature parameter, initial stress, gravity field, and different values of the magnetic field.
Improved financial forecasting via quantum machine learning
Authors: Thakkar Sohum , Kazdaghli Skander , Mathur Natansh , Kerenidis Iordanis , Ferreira–Martins André J. , Brito Samurai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuantum algorithms have the potential to enhance machine learning across a variety of domains and applications. In this work, we show how quantum machine learning can be used to improve financial forecasting. First, we use classical and quantum Determinantal Point Processes to enhance Random Forest models for churn prediction, improving precision by almost 6%. Second, we design quantum neural network architectures with orthogonal and compound layers for credit risk assessment, which match classical performance with significantly fewer parameters. Our results demonstrate that leveraging quantum ideas can effectively enhance the performance of machine learning, both today as quantum-inspired classical ML solutions, and even more in the future, with the advent of better quantum hardware.
Fertilizer Addition Modifies Utilization of Different P Sources in Upland Rice on Strongly P-fixing Andosols
Authors: Mundschenk Eva , Remus Rainer , Augustin Jürgen , Wissuwa Matthias , Staudinger Christiana , Oburger Eva , George Eckhard , Holz Maire 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aims
High Phosphorus (P) efficiencies such as internal P utilization efficiency (PUE) and P acquisition efficiency (PAE) are crucial for upland rice production, particularly on highly P-fixing soils like Andosols. While the effect of root traits associated with high PAE in upland rice has been studied intensively, less attention has been given to the origin of P (native soil-P versus fertilizer-P) taken up by plants when evaluating differences in P efficiency. Here we aim to evaluate the efficiency of different upland rice genotypes to acquire native soil-P and fertilizer-P.

Methods
Four upland rice genotypes with varying PAE were grown in an Andosol at low- and high-P fertilization level and harvested 9 and 34 days after emergence. Fertilizer-P was labeled with 33P to distinguish between the efficiency to acquire P originating from native soil and fertilizer by measuring plant P uptake.

Results
Increased fertilizer supply enhanced native soil-P uptake. Under low-P conditions the genotype DJ123 showed a superior PAE and an increased acquisition of native soil-P while AB199 was identified to have a superior internal PUE under P deficient conditions. Differences between genotypes in overall PAE under high-P conditions were not significant but the distinction of P sources showed that genotype DJ123 acquired significantly more native soil-P per unit root than all other genotypes.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that variations in PAE among genotypes are associated with their ability to access native soil-P. DJ123 emerged as the most adept genotype in acquiring sparingly soluble native soil-P and future studies should unravel the rhizosphere processes underlying increased PAE of native soil-P.
Alzheimer’s Disease Detection via Multiscale Feature Modelling Using Improved Spatial Attention Guided Depth Separable CNN
Authors: Tripathy Santosh Kumar , Nayak Rudra Kalyan , Gadupa Kartik Shankar , Mishra Rajnish Dinesh , Patel Ashok Kumar , Satapathy Santosh Kumar , Bhoi Akash Kumar , Barsocchi Paolo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEarly detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical due to its rising prevalence. AI-aided AD diagnosis has grown for decades. Most of these systems use deep learning using CNN. However, a few concerns must be addressed to identify AD: a. there is a lack of attention paid to spatial features; b. there is a lack of scale-invariant feature modelling; and c. the convolutional spatial attention block (C-SAB) mechanism is available in the literature, but it exploits limited feature sets from its input features to obtain a spatial attention map, which needs to be enhanced. The suggested model addresses these issues in two ways: through a backbone of multilayers of depth-separable CNN. Firstly, we propose an improved spatial convolution attention block (I-SAB) to generate an enhanced spatial attention map for the multilayer features of the backbone. The I-SAB, a modified version of the C-SAB, generates a spatial attention map by combining multiple cues from input feature maps. Such a map is forwarded to a multilayer of depth-separable CNN for further feature extraction and employs a skip connection to produce an enhanced spatial attention map. Second, we combine multilayer spatial attention features to make scale-invariant spatial attention features that can fix scale issues in MRI images. We demonstrate extensive experimentation and ablation studies using two open-source datasets, OASIS and AD-Dataset. The recommended model outperforms existing best practices with 99.75% and 96.20% accuracy on OASIS and AD-Dataset. This paper also performed a domain adaptation test on the OASIS dataset, which obtained 83.25% accuracy.
The Effect of HIV on the Association of Hyperglycaemia and Active Tuberculosis in Zambia, a Case–Control Study
Authors: Bailey Sarah Lou , Floyd Sian , Cheeba-Lengwe Maina , Maluzi Kwitaka , Chiwele-Kangololo Kasanda , Kaluba-Milimo Deborah , Amofa-Sekyi Modupe , Yudkin John S. , Godfrey-Faussett Peter , Ayles Helen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To determine if HIV modifies the association between hyperglycaemia and active tuberculosis in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods
A case–control study among newly—diagnosed adult tuberculosis cases and population controls in three areas of Lusaka. Hyperglycaemia is determined by random blood glucose (RBG) concentration measured at the time of recruitment; active tuberculosis disease by clinical diagnosis, and HIV status by serological result. Multivariable logistic regression is used to explore the primary association and effect modification by HIV.

Results
The prevalence of RBG concentration ≥ 11.1 mmol/L among 3843 tuberculosis cases was 1.4% and among 6977 controls was 1.5%. Overall, the adjusted odds ratio of active tuberculosis was 1.60 (95% CI 0.91–2.82) comparing those with RBG concentration ≥ 11.1– < 11.1 mmol/L. The corresponding adjusted odds ratio among those with and without HIV was 5.47 (95% CI 1.29–23.21) and 1.17 (95% CI 0.61–2.27) respectively; p-value for effect modification by HIV = 0.042. On subgroup analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of smear/Xpert-positive tuberculosis was 2.97 (95% CI 1.49–5.90) comparing RBG concentration ≥ 11.1– < 11.1 mmol/L.

Conclusions
Overall, no evidence of association between hyperglycaemia and active tuberculosis was found, though among those with HIV and/or smear/Xpert-positive tuberculosis there was evidence of association. Differentiation of hyperglycaemia caused by diabetes mellitus and stress-induced hyperglycaemia secondary to tuberculosis infection is important for a better understanding of these findings.
Electronic medical information systems and timeliness of care in the emergency department: a scoping review
Authors: Lacasse Melissa L. , Hendel Ericha T. , Farhat Nawal , Kelly Dayton J. , Mah Emily M. , Campbell Alanna , Ansell Dominique R. , Bourdon Christopher A. , Christie Tyler S. , Volpini Steve , Liu Lisa J. W. , Cragg Jacquelyn J. , Crispo James A. G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Although many emergency department (ED) settings have implemented an electronic medical information system (EMIS) and EMIS tools in an effort to improve timeliness of care outcomes, there remains a paucity of scientific information on this topic. We therefore performed a scoping review to describe the range of EMIS interventions and their impacts on time-based outcomes in the ED.

Methods
We searched four bibliographic databases to identify potentially relevant records published after 2014 in English. Two reviewers assessed records for eligibility using a two-step screening process. We then extracted data on the type of EMIS, outcomes assessed, and reported results. Findings were summarized in tabular form and grouped by time-based outcome.

Results
Twenty-five studies met the eligibility criteria, with approximately half being retrospective studies. Interventions varied among studies; they generally included a new or updated EMIS, EMIS tools related to disease diagnosis and/or management, triage tools, or health information exchange platforms. Included studies compared interventions with relevant comparator groups, such as prior versions of an EMIS, absence of an EMIS, pen-and-paper documentation, and/or communication via telephone and fax. The most common outcomes reported were length of stay (n = 17 studies) and time to medication (n = 6 studies), followed by time to order, time to provider, and time from result to disposition. Reported effects of the interventions were generally inconsistent, showing either improvements, delays, or no change in examined outcomes.

Conclusions
Additional research is needed to determine how electronic medical information may be used in the ED to improve timeliness of care. Findings from this review can be used to inform future systematic reviews that evaluate the impact of these systems and tools on specific quality of care measures.