bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AVULSION OF THE UPPER URETER SECONDARY TO BLUNT TRAUMA
Authors: Halverstadt DonaldB. , Fraley ElwinE. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA case of avulsion of the upper ureter due to blunt trauma, successfully treated by early primary ureteral anastomosis, is presented. A review of the English literature reveals five other cases similarly treated. It is apparent from this and other reports that primary anastomosis of the avulsed upper ureter is not only feasible, but will provide superior results. Early diagnosis is necessary if renal and ureteral function are to be preserved, Delayed exploration and attempts at repair may be associated with distortion of normal anatomical relationships, fibrosis of the injured ureter, and hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis precluding any hope of restoring normal renal function. In addition, perinephric abscess or persistent urinary fistula after delayed exploration may necessitate nephrectomy. Early exploration and repair with meticulous care and fine suture material should prevent these complications in most cases. Restitution of normal renal and ureteral function may be anticipated.
Methodological issues in the evaluation of Internet‐based interventions for problem drinking
Authors: CUNNINGHAM JOHN A. , VAN MIERLO TREVOR 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction and Aims.In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of Internet‐based interventions (IBI) for alcohol problems and other addictive behaviours. However, it is risky to assume interventions that have been found to work in face‐to‐face modalities can be translated into IBI that are equally effective.Design and Methods.Using selected examples from the published works, this paper will identify some of the special considerations that are relevant to the evaluation of IBI. In addition, methodological issues found in the ongoing development and evaluation of the Check Your Drinking screener (http://www.CheckYourDrinking.net), an IBI for problem drinkers, will be discussed.Results.There have been several randomised control trials with promising results. A primary limitation of much of the research conducted to date is concerns regarding the generalisability of the findings.Discussion and Conclusions.Caution should be taken in assuming that the IBI, which have been found to work in tightly controlled efficacy trials, will display similar levels of effectiveness when used in ‘naturalistic’ settings (i.e. not face‐to‐face in a research environment). Positive results from studies using a variety of different research designs will advance the potential for IBI, as a new means of helping problem drinkers reduce their alcohol consumption. Because of their accessibility and anonymity, IBI could facilitate a broad provision of treatment services at a population level.[Cunningham JA, Van Mierlo T. Methodological issues in the evaluation of Internet‐based interventions for problem drinking.Drug Alcohol Rev2009;28:12–17]
Investigating the utility of mobile phones for collecting data about adolescent alcohol use and related mood, stress and coping behaviours: Lessons and recommendations
Authors: KAUER SYLVIA D. , REID SOPHIE C. , SANCI LENA , PATTON GEORGE C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction and Aims.The trajectory from alcohol use to alcohol use disorders in adolescence is yet to be understood. Momentary sampling may assist in capturing ‘real‐time’ data on young people's alcohol use and associated motivational factors. This paper aims to review the feasibility and usefulness of a mobile phone momentary sampling program to capture data about alcohol use and related behaviours.Design and Methods.Two studies were conducted: a school‐based study with 18 Year 9 and 11 students and a clinical study with eight high‐risk adolescent drinkers. Participants answered questions about their daily activities, alcohol use, stressors and negative mood four times a day for 1 week using a mobile phone momentary sampling program.Results.In the school‐based study, 61% of participants reported drinking alcohol. On drinking days participants spent less time studying (14% vs. 26%), more time sleeping or resting (35% vs. 12%) and more time hanging out (21% vs. 11%) than on non‐drinking days. In the high‐risk sample, 88% of participants reported drinking alcohol. On drinking days, these participants spent a greater proportion of their waking time with their boyfriend or girlfriend (19.2% vs. 6%) and generally had higher negative mood than on non‐drinking days.Discussion and Conclusions.The current mobiletype program was well suited to capturing data on alcohol use in younger, school‐attending adolescents. However, to capture alcohol use in older adolescents who lead less routine lives, it is necessary to make some amendments including targeting particular behaviours and symptoms. Recommendations for future studies are proposed.[Kauer SD, Reid SC, Sanci L & Patton GC. Investigating the utility of mobile phones for collecting data about adolescent alcohol use and related mood, stress and coping behaviours: Lessons and recommendations.Drug Alcohol Rev2009;28:25–30]
Methamphetamine use, dependence and treatment access in rural and regional North Coast of New South Wales, Australia
Authors: WALLACE CATE , GALLOWAY TONY , MCKETIN REBECCA , KELLY ERIN , LEARY JOHN 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. To identify the sociodemographic, health, drug use patterns, treatment coverage and barriers to treatment among regular methamphetamine users in rural and regional North Coast of New South Wales. Design and Methods. A structured questionnaire was used to measure sociodemographic factors, health and well‐being, drug use patterns, methamphetamine dependence, engagement in methamphetamine treatment and barriers to treatment. Participants were 140 regular methamphetamine users. Dependent and non‐dependent participants were compared to identify factors associated with dependence. Results. Participants were predominantly in their thirties, male and had low levels of education, high levels of unemployment and polydrug use. Participants who were dependent on methamphetamine (59%) were more likely to report impaired mental health and to have been diagnosed with depression, anxiety and drug‐induced psychosis. One quarter of dependent methamphetamine users had received treatment in the last year and half had ever received treatment. The main barriers to receiving treatment were a lack of perceived need or motivation to seek treatment and concerns about confidentiality. Discussion and Conclusions. Methamphetamine users living on the North Coast of New South Wales require treatment options tailored to address a complex array of physical and psychological problems. The findings highlight the need for psychiatric support and improved coordination between mental health and drug and alcohol services in rural and regional areas.[Wallace C, Galloway T, McKetin R, Kelly E, Leary J. Methamphetamine use, dependence and treatment access in rural and regional North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
Sample bias from different recruitment strategies in a randomised controlled trial for alcohol dependence
Authors: MORLEY KIRSTEN C. , TEESSON MAREE , SANNIBALE CLAUDIA , HABER PAUL S. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Participants may be recruited from diverse sources for randomised controlled trials (RCT) of treatments for alcohol dependence. A mixed recruitment strategy might facilitate recruitment and increase generalisability at the expense of introducing systematic selection bias. The current study aims to compare the effects of recruitment method on socio‐demographics, baseline illness characteristics, treatment retention and treatment outcome measures. Design and Methods. A secondary analysis from a previous 12 week RCT of naltrexone, acamprosate and placebo for alcohol dependence was conducted. Participants (n = 169) were obtained via four channels of recruitment including in‐patient and outpatient referral, live media and print media solicitation. Baseline parameters, retention in treatment and treatment outcomes were compared in these groups. Results. Relative to in‐patient subjects, those recruited via live and print media had significantly lower scores on taking steps, less in‐patient rehabilitation admissions and less previous abstinence before entering the trial. Subjects recruited via print media had significantly lower scores of alcohol dependence relative to all other modes recruitment. There were no differences between recruitment strategies on treatment retention or compliance. At outcome, no significant effect of recruitment method was detected. Discussion and Conclusions. These results suggest that different recruitment methods may be sourcing subjects with different baseline characteristics of illness. Nonetheless, these differences did not significantly impact on treatment retention or outcome, suggesting that in this population it was appropriate to recruit subjects from mixed sources.[Morley KC, Teesson M, Sannibale C, Haber PS. Sample bias from different recruitment strategies in a randomised controlled trial for alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
Why we should still estimate the costs of substance abuse even if we needn't pay undue attention to the bottom line
Authors: SINGLE ERIC 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A coalition of provincial, national and international addictions agencies has sponsored a series of symposia leading to the developing of international guidelines for estimating the costs of substance abuse. These guidelines have now been used in national studies in four continents, with more consistent and comparable results than in previous studies. Although the bottom‐line results have been used to argue for alcohol and drug issues having a higher place on the public policy agenda, the real value in such studies lies in the detailed results regarding mortality and morbidity attributable to substance abuse, the relative contribution of acute versus chronic conditions to overall problem levels and the role of substance misuse in adverse social consequences, such as crime and economic productivity. There is a variety of factors which undermine the robustness of the findings, including lack of data, layering of assumptions and changes in the epidemiological knowledge base. It is argued that economic cost estimates should nonetheless be conducted and continually refined, as the detailed findings are of great utility to the design and targeting of prevention programming and policy. The presentation concludes on a personal note of farewell, as this is the author's final conference presentation.[Single E. Why we should still estimate the costs of substance abuse even if we needn't pay undue attention to the bottom line. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:117–121]
Mapping Australian public opinion on alcohol policies in the new millennium
Authors: WILKINSON CLAIRE , ROOM ROBIN , LIVINGSTON MICHAEL 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction and Aims.Drawing on 16 items in the 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS), the paper explores the degree to which Australian public opinion towards different alcohol policies cohere or diverge, and the social location of support for and resistance to more restrictive alcohol controls. Variations in support for particular policies by demographic groups, across states and territories and among those with difference drinking patterns are explored. The extent and direction in which attitudes have changed over time was determined.Design and Methods.Sixteen items from the 2004 NDSHS were subjected to factor analysis. Both a single factor and a four‐factor solution were derived and became the dependent variables for state/territory comparisons and multiple regression analyses determining the predictive power of respondents demographics and drinking behaviour. Trends over time in alcohol policy attitudes used the 1993, 1995, 1998, 2001 and 2004 NDSHS.Results.More severe penalties against drink driving and stricter laws against serving customers who were drunk had the strongest support while policies that controlled accessibility to alcohol such as reducing trading hours received the least support. For all policies support was greater among females, older respondents and those drinking less. The individual's drinking pattern was as strong, and in some cases a stronger predictor of support than gender and age.Discussion and Conclusions.While support for the majority of the alcohol policies decreased over the 11‐year period since 1993, attitudes may be influenced and changed over a shorter period of time.[Wilkinson C, Room R, Livingston M. Mapping Australian public opinion on alcohol policies in the new millennium.Drug Alcohol Rev2009]
Is trivialisation of alcohol consumption a laughing matter? Alcohol incidence in a metropolitan daily newspaper's comic strips
Authors: DONOVAN ROBERT J. , FIELDER LYNDA , DONOVAN PATRICK , HANDLEY CLAIRE 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. A number of studies have looked at the incidence and nature of depictions of alcohol in various media, primarily in movies, television and magazines. However, there have been few studies of depictions of alcohol in comic strips in newspapers. Design and Methods. This study analysed the content of the five comic strips in the 258 weekday editions of a metropolitan newspaper over a period of 1 year. Where alcohol was depicted, this was classified as either integral or incidental to the theme or story of that day's strip. As an indication of the nature of the depiction and in the absence of specific codes for the depiction of alcohol in comic strips, depictions were assessed against the Australian Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC). Results. Of the 1 290 individual comic strips, 4% (n = 54) depicted alcohol. Depictions were equal in number incidental and integral to the ‘story’. Over half of the strips depicting alcohol were deemed to breach the ABAC, with the most common breach related to trivialisation of alcohol consumption. One strip accounted for over 60% of all depictions with the majority breaching the ABAC. Discussion and Conclusions. These results suggest that newspaper publishers should consider a code for depictions of alcohol (and other unhealthy or risky products/behaviours) in comics. At the very least, comics that trivialise the abuse of alcohol should be excluded under such a code.[Donovan RJ, Fielder L, Donovan P, Handley C. Is trivialisation of alcohol consumption a laughing matter? Alcohol incidence in a metropolitan daily newspaper's comic strips. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
Alcohol‐related mortality in Ukraine
Authors: KRASOVSKY KONSTANTIN 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. To substantiate public health policies aimed at diminishing alcohol‐related harm, the level of alcohol‐related deaths needs to be documented on a national level. The aim of this study was to explore the opportunities provided by the 1985–1988 anti‐alcohol campaign related data for estimation of alcohol‐related mortality in Ukraine. Design and Methods. Ecological study design based on the aggregate‐level data analysis regarding the natural experiment in Ukraine. All‐cause and cause‐specific observed mortality levels in 1986‐88 compared to the extrapolated 1980–84 trends. The number and proportion of ‘prevented’ deaths were calculated for those causes, for which were observed: (1) reduction of mortality levels during the campaign and (2) increase after 1988. Alcohol‐attributable fractions of mortality per one litre of per capita consumption were calculated for each death cause based on prevented deaths and consumption decrease estimates. The total number of alcohol‐related deaths for a specific year was also calculated. Results. Ukraine experienced a large mortality reduction during the campaign. The estimates of prevented deaths revealed that at least 76% of the mortality reduction was attributable to alcohol. Alcohol‐related mortality due to injuries is much higher for men, while coronary heart disease (CHD) alcohol‐attributable fractions were about 0.5 in middle age both for men and women. Discussion and Conclusions. While in Western countries alcohol is considered as a protective factor for CHD, in Ukraine alcohol‐related cardiovascular mortality is rather high. In 2004 in Ukraine total number of alcohol‐related deaths was about 119,000 or 251 per 100,000 of population.[Krasovsky K. Alcohol‐related mortality in Ukraine. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:396–405]
Large drinks are no mistake: Glass size, not shape, affects alcoholic beverage drink pours
Authors: KERR WILLIAM C. , PATTERSON DEIDRE , KOENEN MARY A. , GREENFIELD THOMAS K. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Alcohol content in drinks has been shown to be variable. This study evaluates claims regarding the effects of glass size and glass shape on the amount of alcohol served in on‐premise drinks. Design and Methods. Wine and spirits drinks were purchased and measured in 80 on‐premise establishments in 10 Northern California Counties. Alcohol content was measured as the liquid volume of the drink multiplied by the percentage alcohol by volume of given brands or from analysis of mixed drink and wine samples. Results. Spirits drinks were classified as either straight shots or mixed drinks. Mixed drinks poured in short wide glasses were not found to contain more alcohol than those poured in tall thin glasses. Straight shots and mixed drinks served in the relatively large pint glass and variable ‘other’ glass type were found to contain more alcohol than drinks served in a short wide glass. No other significant differences were found between glass types. Analyses of establishment characteristics found that bars with mostly black patrons serve spirits drinks with more alcohol than bars with other patron types. Discussion and Conclusions. Glass shape does not affect actual drink pours in the USA but glass size does in some cases. Consumer education programs should foster awareness of the relatively high alcohol content of on‐premise wine and mixed spirits drinks. More research is needed to evaluate potential differences in drink pours by patron race and ethnicity.[Kerr WC, Patterson D, Koenen MA, Greenfield TK. Large drinks are no mistake: Glass size, not shape, affects alcoholic beverage drink pours. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:360–365]
Psychopathology in methamphetamine‐dependent adults 3 years after treatment
Authors: GLASNER‐EDWARDS SUZETTE , MOONEY LARISSA J. , MARINELLI‐CASEY PATRICIA , HILLHOUSE MAUREEN , ANG ALFONSO , RAWSON RICHARD A. ,   THE METHAMPHETAMINE TREATMENT PROJECT CORPORATE AUTHORS
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Although psychiatric symptoms are frequently observed in methamphetamine (MA) users, little is known about the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in MA‐dependent individuals. This is the first study to examine the association of psychiatric disorders with substance use and psychosocial functioning in a large sample of MA users 3 years after treatment. We predicted that psychiatric diagnoses and severity would be associated with substance use and poorer overall functioning over the 3 year post‐treatment course. Design and Methods. Participants (N = 526) received psychosocial treatment for MA dependence as part of the Methamphetamine Treatment Project and were reassessed for psychosocial functioning and substance use at a mean of 3 years after treatment initiation. DSM‐IV psychiatric diagnoses were assessed at follow‐up using the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Addiction Severity Index. Results. Overall, 48.1% of the sample met criteria for a current or past psychiatric disorder other than a substance use disorder. Consistent with prior reports from clinical samples of cocaine users, this rate was largely accounted for by mood disorders, anxiety disorders and antisocial personality. Those with an Axis I psychiatric disorder evidenced increased MA use and greater functional impairment over time relative to those without a psychiatric disorder. Discussion and Conclusions. This initial investigation of psychiatric diagnoses in MA users after treatment indicates elevated rates of Axis I and II disorders in this population and underscores the need for integrated psychiatric assessment and intervention in drug abuse treatment settings.[Glasner‐Edwards S, Mooney LJ, Marinelli‐Casey P, Hillhouse M, Ang A, Rawson RA, The Methamphetamine Treatment Project Corporate Authors. Psychopathology in methamphetamine‐dependent adults 3 years after treatment. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
An evaluation of a heroin overdose prevention and education campaign
Authors: HORYNIAK DANIELLE , HIGGS PETER , LEWIS JENNIFER , WINTER REBECCA , DIETZE PAUL , AITKEN CAMPBELL 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Following detection of an upward trend in the frequency of fatal heroin overdoses in Victoria between 2001 and 2003, Victoria's Department of Human Services planned a campaign aimed at increasing injecting drug users' (IDU) awareness of overdose risks and prevention strategies. Stickers, wallet cards and posters featuring five key messages were distributed via needle and syringe programs (NSP) and other drug and alcohol services between November 2005 and April 2006. An evaluation of the campaign was commissioned to be conducted in late 2006. Design and Methods. The evaluation consisted of analysis of three independent data sets––quantitative data collected from IDU during the campaign period (n = 855 at baseline; and a range of 146–656 at follow up); qualitative interviews with IDU who were NSP clients during the campaign period (n = 16) and qualitative interviews with NSP staff and other key stakeholders (n = 9). Results. While key experts felt that the campaign messages had engendered lasting impact for at least some IDU, these positive impressions were not borne out by the NSP client data, with less than one quarter of all campaign messages being mentioned by a significantly higher proportion of clients during the post‐campaign period compared with baseline. Key experts perceived the greatest weakness of the campaign to be the delay between issue identification and the introduction of campaign materials. Discussion and Conclusions. While IDU are generally responsive to health promotion campaigns, future initiatives in this domain should be designed and implemented rapidly and in ways that are sufficiently flexible to cope with shifts in drug markets which could influence the reception of key messages.[Horyniak D, Higgs P, Lewis J, Winter R, Dietze P, Aitken C. An evaluation of a heroin overdose prevention and education campaign. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]