bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the 1997–1998 El Niño Episode on Community Rates of Diarrhea
Authors: Bennett Adam , Epstein Leonardo D. , Gilman Robert H. , Cama Vitaliano , Bern Caryn , Cabrera Lilia , Lescano Andres G. , Patz Jonathan , Carcamo Cesar , Sterling Charles R. , Checkley William 
Published: May 2012

Objectives. To improve our understanding of climate variability and diarrheal disease at the community level and inform predictions for future climate change scenarios, we examined whether the El Niño climate pattern is associated with increased rates of diarrhea among Peruvian children. Methods. We analyzed daily surveillance data for 367 children aged 0 to 12 years from 2 cohorts in a peri-urban shantytown in Lima, Peru, 1995 through 1998. We stratified diarrheal incidence by 6-month age categories, season, and El Niño, and modeled between-subject heterogeneity with random effects Poisson models. Results. Spring diarrheal incidence increased by 55% during El Niño compared with before El Niño. This increase was most acute among children older than 60 months, for whom the risk of a diarrheal episode during the El Niño spring was nearly 100% greater (relative risk = 1.96; 95% confidence interval = 1.24, 3.09). Conclusions. El Niño–associated climate variability affects community rates of diarrhea, particularly during the cooler seasons and among older children. Public health officials should develop preventive strategies for future El Niño episodes to mitigate the increased risk of diarrheal disease in vulnerable communities.
Sullom Voe Terminal Supervisory Control System
Authors: Marsh Brian E. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This paper describes the Wesdac system supplied by Westcode Systems, Westinghouse Brake and Signal Co. Ltd. for the British Petroleum Supervisory and Management Information Computer System (SAMICS) at Sullom Voe. Remote terminal units connected to a variety of plant transmit information to a central equipment room. Duplicated processors in the equipment room handle data collection and provide information on colour VDUs and printers to operators in two separate control rooms. The dual processors also provide data hand-off to computers in Aberdeen and Harlow.
The Design of Offshore Speech Communications Systems
Authors: Harris Robert 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The effectiveness of any communications system is limited by the attainable signal-to-noise ratio. Electronic noise in the portable radio, intercom, telephone and public address (P.A.) systems installed offshore is today insignificant; the major constraint is now the acoustic signal-to-noise ratio.
The detailed design of P.A. systems for use in high noise levels is normally undertaken by electro-acoustic specialists. Many important design decisions are taken by non-specialists, however, particularly at the early stage of new projects. These decisions will ultimately determine the effectiveness of speech communication offshore.
This paper contains guidelines for nonspecialist engineers involved in the design of offshore speech communication systems. The main points discussed are project management, the interfacing between systems, noise control, power supply allowances, telephone system design and the use of visual aids. Simple improvements which can be made to existing designs are explained, and finally some possible future developments are presented.
The Pro's and Con's of Inverted oil Emulsion Mud-Statfjord ‘A’ Platform
Authors: Edelbrock Gregory J. , Gorgas Jan W. , Crackin Robert W. Mc 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the-benefits and problems experienced with the use of inverted oil emulsion mud in drilling Statfjord ‘A’ Platform wells.
Problems encountered and their solution include both fluids handling (surface equipment) and fluid chemistry (hole stability). The Statfjord ‘A’ application is unique in that oil emulsion mud is used from surface to total depth, and a solvent immersion system is used to clean the cuttings prior to disposal.
The reasons for selecting this system are discussed. A cost/benefit analysis is included in the paper.
High Density Clear Fluids for Completions and Workovers
Authors: Place John , Paul James R. , Sigalas Antony 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
In recent years, the practical operating range of clear brines as completion and workover fluids has been significantly extended by the introduction of formulations incorporating bromide, so that the advantages of clear brines can now be obtained with fluids having densities as high as 19.2 lb/gal (2.3 g/cm3) at ambient temperatures, to give a series of fluids of proven cost-effectiveness.
The properties and formulation of a range of clear brines are described, including
calcium chloride – calcium bromide calcium chloride – calcium bromide – zinc bromide calcium bromide – zinc bromide sodium chloride – sodium bromide
Proper formulation of brines to achieve the best cost effectiveness is important and is emphasized in terms of the trade-off between costs and acceptable crystallization temperature. Handling, safety and environmental aspects of the various fluids are covered, as are practical operating aspects. The sodium salt brines are applicable in the special situation where calcium salts would be incompatible with connate water.
Incorporation of various additives is discussed – viscosifiers, fluid loss additives, corrosion inhibitors, as is the recovery and regeneration of fluids for re-use.
The heavy clear fluids are used for completion and workover, as packer fluids, and as drilling fluids (both aqueous and oil-invert systems). Case histories from North Sea operations are presented.
Zoom Snowboards Incorporated: Understanding the Impact of Management Decisions on the Audit Plan
Authors: Jones Joanne C. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Zoom Snowboards Incorporated is a fictitious Canadian private company in the snowboard industry. While the company is fictitious, many of the facts are adopted from actual snowboard companies. The overall goal of this case is to give the students an opportunity to develop their ability to perform a rigorous analysis of an assurance case with multiple issues. Students assume the role of audit senior and are asked to prepare an audit planning memo for the partner. In order to perform a rigorous analysis, students will need to consider the broader issues related to business strategy, risk management, and corporate governance, as well as the regular components of an audit planning memo. Students will also need to consider how the various requests from client management, the bank, and the audit committee impact the financial statement audit as they are preparing their planning memo.
The impact of personality on adult patients' adjustability to orthodontic appliances
Authors: Cooper-Kazaz Rena , Ivgi Inbal , Canetti Laura , Bachar Eytan , Tsur Boaz , Chaushu Stella , Shalish Miriam 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of psychological traits on patients' choice of orthodontic appliances and their adjustability to orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:
The sample consisted of 68 adult patients divided into three groups (28 buccal, 19 lingual, and 21 clear aligners). Prior to treatment participants filled out the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess symptoms of mental distress and the Narcissistic Vulnerability Scale to assess narcissistic personality traits. During the first week after appliance delivery and on day 14, patients completed a Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire to assess their perception of pain and four areas of dysfunction. The correlation between personality traits and patients' reaction to treatment was evaluated.

Results:
Somatization was the only trait that affected the choice of lingual and clear aligner appliance. Reduced self-esteem regulation was associated with increased pain in all patients, while exploitation was associated with pain in lingual patients. Narcissistic vulnerability slightly influenced patients' adaptability to orthodontic appliances. Although adjustability to lingual appliances was the most difficult, only two parameters were affected by personality features. In the buccal group, adjustability was affected by numerous parameters. Adaptation to the clear aligner appliance was relatively uneventful and least affected by psychological features.

Conclusion:
Anxious individuals tend to prefer lingual and clear aligner appliances. The selection of lingual and clear aligner appliances governs the patient's response and recovery process, leaving little room for the effect of psychological features. On the other hand, the buccal appliance allows for greater impact of personality traits on adjustability.
Biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate as a polyol for elastomeric polyurethanes
Authors: Vojtová Lucy , Kupka Vojtěch , Žídek Jan , Wasserbauer Jaromír , Sedláček Petr , Jančář Josef 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the proposed work, new elastomeric bio-polyol based polyurethanes (bio-PUs) with specific mechanical properties were prepared by a one-shot process without the presence of a solvent. Commercial non-degradable polyether polyol derived from petrochemical feed stock was partly (in the amount of 1 mass %, 5 mass %, and 10 mass %) substituted by the biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Morphology of elastomeric PU composites was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties of the prepared samples were obtained by both tensile measurements and prediction via the Mooney-Rivlin equation. Electron microscopy proved that the prepared materials have the character of a particle filled composite material, where PHB particles are regular with their size of about 1–2 μm in diameter. Tensile measurements demonstrated that the Young’s modulus, tensile stress at break, and tensile strain at break of each sample increase with the increase of the volume fraction of the filler. From the measured stress-strain data, the first and the second term of the Mooney-Rivlin equation were calculated. The obtained constants were applied to recalculate the stress-strain curves. It was found that the Mooney-Rivlin equation corresponds well with the stress-strain behavior of the prepared specimens.
Spectroscopic investigation of interaction of 6-methoxyflavanone and its β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with calf thymus DNA
Authors: Yousuf Sameena , Enoch Israel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe interaction of 6-methoxyflavanone (6MF, 6-methoxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was investigated by absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry in the presence and absence of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) acting as capping agent. Molecular modelling was used to optimise the study of 6MF-β-CD and 6MF-DNA interactions. Enhancement in the fluorescence intensity of 6MF was observed due to the formation of 1 : 1 complex with β-CD. In the presence and absence of DNA, 6MF showed different characteristics such as hyperchromic effect, red shift of absorption spectra and fluorescence quenching of 6MF due to binding between 6MF and ctDNA. The nature of the binding group was found to be different for the 6MF-ctDNA and 6MF-ctDNA-β-CD systems. An increase in fluorescence intensity was observed for the 6MF-ctDNA system while varying the concentration of β-CD due to encapsulation of a part of 6MF in cyclodextrin. The results are compatible with the possibility of the interaction of dihydrobenzopyran-4-one moiety of 6MF with ctDNA as well as with β-CD. Cyclic voltammetric studies confirmed the binding interaction between 6MF and ctDNA in the absence and presence of β-CD and molecular modelling explains the site of the interaction of 6MF with cyclodextrin and ctDNA.
Structures of copper(II) 2-chlorobenzoate monohydrate and copper(II) 3,5-dichlorobenzoate trihydrate
Authors: Medvecká Jana , Halaška Jozef , Jomova Klaudia , Moncol Jan 
Published: May 2012

Structures of copper(II) 2-chlorobenzoate monohydrate and copper(II) 3,5-dichlorobenzoate trihydrateThe crystal structures of the title compounds, [Cu2(μ2-2-Clbz)4(H2O)2] (1) and [Cu(3,5-Cl2bz)2(H2O)3] (2), have been redetermined at 150 K. The compound1forms dimeric complex where two Cu2+cations are bridged through four 2-chlorobenzoate ligands. The Cu2+ion in1is pentacoordinated by four oxygen atoms of bridging 2-chlorobenzoate ligands and one coordinated water molecule. The compound2forms mononuclear complex, where the Cu2+ion is pentacoordinated by two oxygen atoms of monodentate 3,5-dichlorobenzoate ligands and three coordinated water molecule. Both complexes are connected through O—H· · ·O hydrogen bonds into frameworks. The π-π stacking interactions are also observed in crystal structure of2.
Theoretical study of 2-phenylpyrrole molecule using various quantum-chemical approaches
Authors: Rottmannová Lenka , Punyain Kraiwan , Rimarčík Ján , Lukeš Vladimír , Klein Erik , Kelterer Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2012

Theoretical study of 2-phenylpyrrole molecule using various quantum-chemical approaches
A systematic theoretical study of 2-phenylpyrrole (PhPy) is presented for its neutral and monocharged states. The calculations were performed using the semiempirical Austin Model 1 (AM1) method, ab initio Møller-Plesset perturbation theory up to the second-order (MP2), density functional theory (DFT) and its tight-binding approximation (DFTB+). The comparison of the obtained equilibrium geometries showed that the C—C bond lengths in the phenylene ring are practically identical for the neutral state. Electric charging leads to significant changes in the geometry with respect to the neutral state. The C—N bonds in PhPy are elongated and the negative charging produces the out-of-plane distortion of N—H bond from the aromatic ring plane. The anionic state of the investigated molecule is connected with a higher perturbation of bond length alternation in both rings in comparison to the cationic state. The vibrationaly broadened absorption spectra, based on the on-the-fly molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, are also presented and compared with experimental spectra. Although the DFTB+ method has the tendency to planarize the investigated molecular structure, the agreement of simulated absorption spectra based on the MD DFTB+ geometries with TD-DFT calculations is acceptable.
Lipophilization of flavonoids for their food, therapeutic and cosmetic applications
Authors: Danihelová Martina , Viskupičová Jana , Šturdík Ernest 
Published: May 2012

Lipophilization of flavonoids for their food, therapeutic and cosmetic applicationsFlavonoids represent large group of plant pigments. These polyphenolic compounds may be found in the nature as active components of fruits, vegetables and other plants and derived products. Due to established biological effects they are attractive substances for many areas of human life. Many flavonoids are nowadays used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food preparations. Their practical applications are in most cases limited by low solubility and stability in lipophilic media. Chemical or enzymatic lipophilization of flavonoid skeleton may not only increase their solubility and stability in lipophilic environment but also their biological properties. This review summarizes current knowledge in this field.
Les transformations urbaines et l'émergence des partis populistes de la droite radicale en Europe. Le cas de la ville de La Haye
Authors: Van Gent Wouter , Musterd Sako 
Published: May 2012

Cet article reprend trois explications traditionnelles de l’émergence des partis populistes de la droite radicale dans une perspective urbaine, et tente de comprendre les changements spatiaux à l’intérieur même de la ville. Nous avançons l’idée que ces changements sont plus importants que la composition sociale des différents quartiers, et qu’ils résultent de processus sociaux et spatiaux découlant de trois décennies de transformation urbaines dans les villes d’Europe. En examinant la géographie électorale des partis populistes de la droite radicale à La Haye en 2010, nous avons identifié trois types de quartiers différents ceux caractérisés par la diversité ethnique, l’isolement social et la protestation politique. En conclusion nous proposons quelques pistes de recherches.
Deux visions de l'extrême droite dans l'ex-Yougoslavie : les cas de la Slovénie et de la Serbie
Authors: Hassid Laurent 
Published: May 2012

Dans les deux anciennes républiques yougoslaves de Slovénie et de Serbie, indépendantes depuis 20 ans, l’extrême droite se manifeste de manière très différente. En Slovénie, le parti d’extrême droite, le SNS de Zmago Jelincic, n’est qu’un acteur secondaire du nationalisme, laissant le rôle essentiel au leader du parti conservateur (SDS) de Janez Jansa, Premier ministre de 2004 à 2008, comme l’a démontré l’exploitation politique de l’affaire des effacés. En Serbie, au contraire, le Parti radical de Vojislav Seselj a failli gagner des élections nationales à plusieurs reprises et des groupuscules, souvent violents, disséminés dans la société civile, se revendiquent d’extrême droite. L’indépendance du Kosovo en février 2008 a contribué à scinder l’extrême droite serbe avec la création du Parti progressiste dirigé par l’ancien dauphin de Seselj, Tomislav Nikolic, qui se présente désormais en chef d’un parti conservateur face au parti pro-européen du président Boris Tadic. Entre un parti conservateur slovène qui glisse vers un nationalisme excessif et l’extrême droite serbe qui se cherche une respectabilité, les débats autour de la nation restent primordiaux dans ces deux États balkaniques.
Lettre d'Athènes
Authors: Houdoy Xavier 
Published: May 2012

Le LAOS, fondé en 2000, figure au sein de l’exécutif qui a vu le jour au lendemain de la chute du gouvernement de Georges Papandréou et doit assurer la transition politique du pays jusqu’aux législatives anticipées d’avril 2012. L’accession au pouvoir de ce parti peu représentatif a permis de dénouer la crise politique qui se dessinait, fruit d’une situation économique et financière de plus en plus difficile à gérer par les deux partis majoritaires. Au-delà, elle se fait le reflet de la profonde désillusion de la société grecque, qui désavoue massivement les deux partis majoritaires – PASOK et Nouvelle Démocratie – et dont une petite partie semble progressivement adhérer aux discours nationalistes et xénophobes tenus par une extrême droite qui monte en puissance.
Stromal Endothelial Cells Establish a Bidirectional Crosstalk with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells through the TNF-Related Factors BAFF, APRIL, and CD40L
Authors: Cols Montserrat , Barra Carolina M. , He Bing , Puga Irene , Xu Weifeng , Chiu April , Tam Wayne , Knowles Daniel M. , Dillon Stacey R. , Leonard John P. , Furman Richard R. , Chen Kang , Cerutti Andrea 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clonal B cell disorder of unknown origin. Accessory signals from the microenvironment are critical for the survival, expansion, and progression of malignant B cells. We found that the CLL stroma included microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) expressing BAFF and APRIL, two TNF family members related to the T cell-associated B cell-stimulating molecule CD40L. Constitutive release of soluble BAFF and APRIL increased upon engagement of CD40 on MVECs by CD40L aberrantly expressed on CLL cells. In addition to enhancing MVEC expression of CD40, leukemic CD40L induced cleavases that elicited intracellular processing of pro-BAFF and pro-APRIL proteins in MVECs. The resulting soluble BAFF and APRIL proteins delivered survival, activation, Ig gene remodeling, and differentiation signals by stimulating CLL cells through TACI, BAFF-R, and BCMA receptors. BAFF and APRIL further amplified CLL cell survival by upregulating the expression of leukemic CD40L. Inhibition of TACI, BCMA, and BAFF-R expression on CLL cells; abrogation of CD40 expression in MVECs; or suppression of BAFF and APRIL cleavases in MVECs reduced the survival and diversification of malignant B cells. These data indicate that BAFF, APRIL, and CD40L form a CLL-enhancing bidirectional signaling network linking neoplastic B cells with the microvascular stroma.
Unique Sex-Based Approach Identifies Transcriptomic Biomarkers Associated with Non-Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Stamper Brendan D. , Park Sarah S. , Beyer Richard P. , Bammler Theo K. , Cunningham Michael L. 
Published: May 2012

Background The premature fusion of one cranial suture, also referred to as non-syndromic craniosynostosis, most commonly involves premature fusion of the sagittal, coronal, or metopic sutures, in that order. Population-based epidemiological studies have found that the birth prevalence of single-suture craniosynostosis is both suture- and sex-dependent. Methods Transcriptomic data from 199 individuals with isolated sagittal (n = 100), unilateral coronal (n = 50), and metopic (n = 49) synostosis were compared against a control population (n = 50) to identify transcripts accounting for the different sex-based frequencies observed in this disease. Results Differential sex-based gene expression was classified as either gained (divergent) or lost (convergent) in affected individuals to identify transcripts related to disease predilection. Divergent expression was dependent on synostosis sub-type, and was extensive in metopic craniosynostosis specifically. Convergent microarray-based expression was independent of synostosis sub-type, with convergent expression of FBN2, IGF2BP3, PDE1C and TINAGL1 being the most robust across all synostosis sub-types. Conclusions Analysis of sex-based gene expression followed by validation by qRT-PCR identified that concurrent upregulation of FBN2 and IGF2BP3, and downregulation of TINAGL1 in craniosynostosis cases were all associated with increased RUNX2 expression and may represent a transcriptomic signature that can be used to characterize a subset of single-suture craniosynostosis cases.
Organizational learning culture and innovativeness in Turkish firms
Authors: Černe Matej , Jaklič Marko , Škerlavaj Miha , Aydinlik Arzu Ülgen , Polat Dilek Dönmez 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present and test a model that examines the relationship between organizational learning culture and innovativeness. Organizational learning culture consists of the organizational learning process and of different culture types that can be placed within the competing values framework. It is defined as a set of norms and values within an organization that support systematic, in-depth approaches aimed at achieving higher-level organizational learning. Innovativeness consists of both innovative culture and innovations. Innovations, the process or outcome of innovating, are more likely to occur and be more successful if there is a strong innovative culture, meaning that the behavioral patterns of the employees are directed towards innovating. We used data from 112 Turkish firms employing more than 50 people. The relationship between organizational learning culture and innovativeness is empirically tested via structural equation modeling (SEM). We found support for a very strong positive relationship between organizational learning culture and innovative culture, as well as for the indirect relation between organizational learning culture and innovations via innovative culture.