bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of carbon-11 for PET preclinical imaging using a high-repetition rate laser-driven proton source
Authors: Peñas Juan , Alejo Aarón , Bembibre Adrián , Apiñaniz Jon Imanol , García-García Enrique , Guerrero Carlos , Henares José Luis , Hernández-Palmero Irene , Méndez Cruz , Millán-Callado María Ángeles , Puyuelo-Valdés Pilar , Seimetz Michael , Benlliure José 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMost advanced medical imaging techniques, such as positron-emission tomography (PET), require tracers that are produced in conventional particle accelerators. This paper focuses on the evaluation of a potential alternative technology based on laser-driven ion acceleration for the production of radioisotopes for PET imaging. We report for the first time the use of a high-repetition rate, ultra-intense laser system for the production of carbon-11 in multi-shot operation. Proton bunches with energies up to 10–14 MeV were systematically accelerated in long series at pulse rates between 0.1 and 1 Hz using a PW-class laser. These protons were used to activate a boron target via the $$^{11}$$

11

B(p,n)$$^{11}$$

11

C nuclear reaction. A peak activity of 234 kBq was obtained in multi-shot operation with laser pulses with an energy of 25 J. Significant carbon-11 production was also achieved for lower pulse energies. The experimental carbon-11 activities measured in this work are comparable to the levels required for preclinical PET, which would be feasible by operating at the repetition rate of current state-of-the-art technology (10 Hz). The scalability of next-generation laser-driven accelerators in terms of this parameter for sustained operation over time could increase these overall levels into the clinical PET range.
Construction of TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunction films for excellent electrochromic performance
Authors: Lv Zhengqiao , Yang Di , Mo Jianwei , Jin Ziyi , Chang Shuai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrochromic devices are applied extensively to camouflages, smart windows, heat insulation layers, and automobile rearview mirrors, etc. The amorphous WO3 is a very attractive electrochromic material, whereas it suffers from degradation of optical modulation and reversibility on ion exchange owing to those deep trapped ions with irreversible reaction behavior. Herein, we designed and, by using magnetron sputtering, prepared a composite film with TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunctions, which is capable of eliminating the deep trapped ions by itself under ultraviolet light (UV) assistance. The electrochromic device based on this composite film, after being recovery by short-time UV irradiation, can maintain a high transmission modulation of 94.72% after 7000 cycles of the voltammetry measurement. This feature allows the device to maintain its initial electrochromic performance after prolonged use. Moreover, the double heterojunction structure can reduce colouring time and enormously improve the colouration efficiency (CE) of electrochromic devices. Experimental research shows that when the thickness of the bottom and upper TiO2 layer of the WO3 film was 145.5 nm and 97.0 nm, respectively, the CE of electrochromic devices reached a perfectly high value (479.3 cm2/C), being much higher than that of WO3 devices (69.5 cm2/C). Functions of the TiO2/WO3/TiO2 double heterojunction in electrochromic device were investigated by combining theoretical analysis and experiment validation, and these results provide a general framework for developing and designing superior electrochromic materials and devices.
A CMOS-integrated terahertz near-field sensor based on an ultra-strongly coupled meta-atom
Authors: Chernyadiev Alexander V. , But Dmytro B. , Ivonyak Yurii , Ikamas Kęstutis , Lisauskas Alvydas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, plasmonic-based sensors operating in the terahertz frequency range have emerged as perspective tools for rapid and efficient label-free biosensing applications. In this work, we present a fully electronic approach allowing us to achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity by utilizing a near-field-coupled electronic sensor. We demonstrate that the proposed concept enables the efficient implementation and probing of a so-called ultra-strongly coupled sub-wavelength meta-atom as well as a single resonant circuit, allowing to limit the volume of material under test down to a few picoliter range. The sensor has been monolithically integrated into a cost-efficient silicon-based CMOS technology. Our findings are supported by both numerical and analytical models and validated through experiments. They lay the groundwork for near-future developments, outlining the perspectives for a terahertz microfluidic lab-on-chip dielectric spectroscopy sensor.
Evolutionary game analysis of data sharing among large and medium-sized enterprises in the perspective of platform empowerment
Authors: Li Dan , Mei Xudong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the swift advancement of the global digital economy, data has emerged as a critical component in fostering the integration of large enterprises with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Nevertheless, due to disparities in resources and capabilities between these entities, there is a deficiency in the willingness to share data, hindering the full actualization of data’s potential value. Hence, it is imperative to facilitate a novel cooperative development paradigm wherein platforms enable data sharing among large enterprises and SMEs. In this paper, we construct a tripartite evolutionary game model encompassing large enterprises, SMEs, and digital platforms, examine the evolutionary stable strategies adopted by these entities in the data sharing, and use numerical simulation to explore the system’s evolutionary stability under various influencing factors. Contrasting with prior research, this study considers the heterogeneity of enterprise scale and delves into the data sharing dynamics between large enterprises and SMEs. Simultaneously, it positions the digital platform as a player in the game, examining its impact on data sharing among the enterprises. Findings indicate that: (1) SMEs exhibit greater eagerness for data sharing compared to large enterprises, which display a U-shaped influence during the process; (2) Digital platforms are particularly sensitive to costs, with the platform’s initiative and the service quality will affect enterprises strategic choices; (3) Government subsidies positively encourage tripartite cooperation, and robust data security governance framework is crucial for enterprises. Finally, based on the results of the study and combining with the current situation of digital economy development, it puts forward the suggestions for promoting platforms to empower large enterprises and SMEs to realize data sharing and the prospects for future research.
Angiogenesis-associated pathways play critical roles in neonatal sepsis outcomes
Authors: Fidanza Mario , Hibbert Julie , Acton Erica , Harbeson Danny , Schoeman Elizna , Skut Patrycja , Woodman Tabitha , Eynaud Adrien , Hartnell Lucy , Brook Byron , Cai Bing , Lo Mandy , Falsafi Reza , Hancock Robert E. W. , Chiume-Kayuni Msandeni , Lufesi Norman , Popescu Constantin R. , Lavoie Pascal M. , Strunk Tobias , Currie Andrew J. , Kollmann Tobias R. , Amenyogbe Nelly , Lee Amy H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeonatal sepsis is a major cause of childhood mortality. Limited diagnostic tools and mechanistic insights have hampered our abilities to develop prophylactic or therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers in human neonatal sepsis have been repeatedly identified as associated with dysregulation of angiopoietin signaling and altered arachidonic acid metabolism. We here provide the mechanistic evidence in support of the relevance for these observations. Angiopoetin-1 (Ang-1), which promotes vascular integrity, was decreased in blood plasma of human and murine septic newborns. In preclinical models, administration of Ang-1 provided prophylactic protection from septic death. Arachidonic acid metabolism appears to be functionally connected to Ang-1 via reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a direct role of nitric oxide (NO). Strengthening this intersection via oral administration of arachidonic acid and/or the NO donor L-arginine provided prophylactic as well as therapeutic protection from septic death while also increasing plasma Ang-1 levels among septic newborns. Our data highlight that targeting angiogenesis-associated pathways with interventions that increase Ang-1 activity directly or indirectly through ROS/eNOS provide promising avenues to prevent and/or treat severe neonatal sepsis.
Upregulation of the AMPK-FOXO1-PDK4 pathway is a primary mechanism of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity reduction in tafazzin-deficient cells
Authors: Liang Zhuqing , Ralph-Epps Tyler , Schmidtke Michael W. , Lazcano Pablo , Denis Simone W. , Balážová Mária , Teixeira da Rosa Nevton , Chakkour Mohamed , Hazime Sanaa , Ren Mindong , Schlame Michael , Houtkooper Riekelt H. , Greenberg Miriam L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBarth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the TAFAZZIN gene. Previous studies from both patients and model systems have established metabolic dysregulation as a core component of BTHS pathology. In particular, features such as lactic acidosis, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency, and aberrant fatty acid and glucose oxidation have been identified. However, the lack of a mechanistic understanding of what causes these conditions in the context of BTHS remains a significant knowledge gap, and this has hindered the development of effective therapeutic strategies for treating the associated metabolic problems. In the current study, we utilized tafazzin-knockout C2C12 mouse myoblasts (TAZ-KO) and cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue from tafazzin-knockout mice to identify an upstream mechanism underlying impaired PDH activity in BTHS. This mechanism centers around robust upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), resulting from hyperactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and subsequent transcriptional upregulation by forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). Upregulation of PDK4 in tafazzin-deficient cells causes direct phospho-inhibition of PDH activity accompanied by increased glucose uptake and elevated intracellular glucose concentration. Collectively, our findings provide a novel mechanistic framework whereby impaired tafazzin function ultimately results in robust PDK4 upregulation, leading to impaired PDH activity and likely linked to dysregulated metabolic substrate utilization. This mechanism may underlie previously reported findings of BTHS-associated metabolic dysregulation.
Initial tweet valence, abuse volume, and observer Dark Tetrad characteristics influence perceptions of female celebrity abuse on Twitter
Authors: Hand Christopher J. , Ingram Joanne , Glover Kayleigh , Brodie Zara P. , Scott Graham G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch into relationships between victim-generated content, abuse received, and observer characteristics when considering Twitter abuse has been limited to male victims. We evaluated participant perceptions of female celebrity victims and abuse received on Twitter. We used a 3 (Initial Tweet Valence; negative, neutral, positive) × 2 (Abuse Volume; low, high) repeated measures design and online survey method. Participants were shown tweets generated by six female celebrities, counterbalanced such that each participant saw each celebrity in one Valence-Volume condition. Stimuli were presented across six ‘lists’ such that celebrity ‘victims’ could be rotated across Valence-Volume pairings. Participants rated—per target stimulus—the level of blame attributable to the victim and the perceived severity of the incident. Furthermore, participants were asked to complete a Dark Tetrad scale—measuring their Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Sadism. Analyses determined that victim-blaming was influenced by victim Initial Tweet Valence (greater victim-blaming associated with more-negative content) and observer Machiavellianism. Perceived severity was influenced by victim Initial Tweet Valence, Volume of Abuse received, and observer Machiavellianism. Results were consistent with previous research involving male celebrity victims. Further research is needed to understand the contributions of participants’ hostile and benevolent sexism, as well as the role of victim attractiveness.
Nudge-based misinformation interventions are effective in information environments with low misinformation prevalence
Authors: Butler Lucy H. , Prike Toby , Ecker Ullrich K. H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNudge-based misinformation interventions are presented as cheap and effective ways to reduce the spread of misinformation online. However, despite online information environments typically containing relatively low volumes of misinformation, most studies testing the effectiveness of nudge interventions present equal proportions of true and false information. As the effectiveness of nudges can be highly context-dependent, it is imperative to validate the effectiveness of nudge-based interventions in environments with more realistic proportions of misinformation. The current study (N = 1387) assessed the effectiveness of a combined accuracy and social-norm nudge in simulated social-media environments with varying proportions of misinformation (50%, 20%, and 12.5%) relative to true and non-news-based (i.e., “social”) information. The nudge intervention was effective at improving sharing discernment in conditions with lower proportions of misinformation, providing ecologically valid support for the use of nudge-based interventions to counter misinformation propagation on social media.
Chromosomal damage, gene expression and alternative transcription in human lymphocytes exposed to mixed ionizing radiation as encountered in space
Authors: Riego Milagrosa López , Meher Prabodha Kumar , Brzozowska Beata , Akuwudike Pamela , Bucher Martin , Oestreicher Ursula , Lundholm Lovisa , Wojcik Andrzej 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAstronauts travelling in space will be exposed to mixed beams of particle radiation and photons. Exposure limits that correspond to defined cancer risk are calculated by multiplying absorbed doses by a radiation-type specific quality factor that reflects the biological effectiveness of the particle without considering possible interaction with photons. We have shown previously that alpha radiation and X-rays may interact resulting in synergistic DNA damage responses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes but the level of intra-individual variability was high. In order to assess the variability and validate the synergism, blood from two male donors was drawn at 9 time points during 3 seasons of the year and exposed to 0–2 Gy of X-rays, alpha particles or 1:1 mixture of both (half the dose each). DNA damage response was quantified by chromosomal aberrations and by mRNA levels of 3 radiation-responsive genes FDXR, CDKN1A and MDM2 measured 24 h post exposure. The quality of response in terms of differential expression of alternative transcripts was assessed by using two primer pairs per gene. A consistently higher than expected effect of mixed beams was found in both donors for chromosomal aberrations and gene expression with some seasonal variability for the latter. No synergy was detected for alternative transcription.
Downregulation of miR-181c-5p in Alzheimer’s disease weakens the response of microglia to Aβ phagocytosis
Authors: Li Rongjie , Yao Shanshan , Wei Feijie , Chen Meixiang , Zhong Yuanli , Zou Chun , Chen Liechun , Wei Lichun , Yang Chunxia , Zhang Xiyuan , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disease. Recently, studies have demonstrated the potential involvement of microRNA-181c-5p (miR-181c-5p) in AD. However, the mechanism through which miR-181c-5p is responsible for the onset and progression of this disease remains unclear, and our study aimed to explore this problem. Differential expression analysis of the AD dataset was performed to identify dysregulated genes. Based on hypergeometric analysis, AD differential the upstream regulation genes miR-181c-5p was found. We constructed a model where SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells were exposed to Aβ1-42 to simulate AD. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and IL-1β were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Phosphorylation levels of p-P38 and P38 were detected by Western blot. The level of apoptosis in BV2 cells under Aβ1-42 stress was exacerbated by miR-181c-5p mimic. Downregulated miR-181c-5p impaired the phagocytosis and degradation of Aβ by BV2 cells. The release of proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells with Aβ1-42 stress was alleviated by miR-181c-5p upregulation. Additionally, miR-181c-5p downregulation alleviated the phosphorylation of P38 in Aβ1-42-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, miR-181c-5p improves the phagocytosis of Aβ by microglial cells in AD patients, thereby reducing neuroinflammation.
Preparation of MWCNT/CoMn2O4 nanocomposite for effectual degradation of picric acid via peroxymonosulfate activation
Authors: Farajollahi Ayda , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, using nanomaterials based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) through the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has attracted more attention to the degradation of organic pollutants. This research presented a new route for the synthesis of MWCNT/CoMn2O4 nanocomposite for the degradation of picric acid using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Firstly, CoMn2O4 nanoparticles were prepared and then loaded on MWCNT using ultrasonic waves. The results of various analyzes confirmed the successful loading of nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes. As the degradation process proceeds through oxidation processes, the high electronic conductivity of MWCNT and the active sites of Mn and Co in the nanocomposite play an essential role in activating PMS to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). An investigation of the reaction mechanism in different conditions showed that the highest speed of picric acid decomposition in the presence of nanocomposite (98%) was in 47 min. However, the scavenger test showed that HO· and SO4·− radicals are more important in the degradation process. Meanwhile, the results showed that removing picric acid using MWCNT/CoMn2O4 was more effective than CoMn2O4 alone and confirmed the interaction effect of MWCNT nanotubes with AB2O4 nanocatalyst.
Low signs of territorial behavior in the Eurasian otter during low-water conditions in a Mediterranean river
Authors: Jiménez José , Del Río Lucía , Ferreras Pablo , Godinho Raquel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Eurasian otterLutra lutrais a territorial semi-aquatic carnivore usually found at low densities in rivers, coastal areas, and wetlands. Its diet is based on prey associated with aquatic environments. Mediterranean rivers are highly seasonal, and suffer reduced flow during the summer, resulting in isolated river sections (pools) that sometimes can be left with a minimal amount of water, leading to concentrations of food for otters. To our knowledge, this process, which was known to field naturalists, has not been accurately described, nor have otter densities been estimated under these conditions. In this study, we describe the population size and movements of an aggregation of otters in an isolated pool in the Guadiana River in the Tablas de Daimiel National Park (central Spain), which progressively dried out during the spring–summer of 2022, in a context of low connectivity due to the absence of circulating water in the Guadiana and Gigüela rivers. Using non-invasive genetic sampling of 120 spraints collected along 79.4 km of sampling transects and spatial capture-recapture methods, we estimated the otter density at 1.71 individuals/km of river channel length (4.21 individuals/km2) in a progressively drying river pool, up to five times higher than previously described in the Iberian Peninsula. The movement patterns obtained with the spatial capture-recapture model are not quite different from those described in low density, which seems to indicate a wide home range overlap, with low signs of territoriality.
Effect of prolonged pressure equalization on final drifting during pressure wire studies
Authors: Jong Chien-Boon , Lu Tsui-Shan , Lin Lin , Chen Tsung-Yan , Liao Min-Tsun , Kuo Jui-Cheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPressure drifting is a troublesome error in invasive coronary function tests. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between prolonged and short-time pressure equalizations in pressure drifting. Pressure drifting was defined as the pressure gradient between the mean pressure of the distal wire sensor (Pd) and aortic pressure (Pa) when the wire was withdrawn to the tip of the guiding catheter. Significant drifts 1 and 2 were defined as the absolute values of pressure gradients > 2 and > 3 mmHg, respectively. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations between prolonged pressure equalization and each pressure drifting. The prolonged pressure equalization strategy was associated with a lower incidence of drift 1 than the short-time pressure equalization strategy (6.84% vs. 16.92%, p < 0.05). However, no statistical differences were found in the incidence of drift 2 between the prolonged and short-time pressure equalization strategies (4.27% vs. 7.69%, p = 0.34). In the multivariable regression model, only the prolonged pressure equalization strategy predicted a lower incidence of pressure drift 1. In conclusion, the prolonged pressure equalization strategy was associated with a lower incidence of significant pressure drifting with more stringent thresholds than the short-time pressure equalization strategy.
A genome-wide association study identifies a locus associated with knee extension strength in older Japanese individuals
Authors: Ito Shuji , Takuwa Hiroshi , Kakehi Saori , Someya Yuki , Kaga Hideyoshi , Kumahashi Nobuyuki , Kuwata Suguru , Wakatsuki Takuya , Kadowaki Masaru , Yamamoto Soichiro , Abe Takafumi , Takeda Miwako , Ishikawa Yuki , Liu Xiaoxi , Otomo Nao , Suetsugu Hiroyuki , Koike Yoshinao , Hikino Keiko , Tomizuka Kohei , Momozawa Yukihide , Ozaki Kouichi , Isomura Minoru , Nabika Toru , Kaneko Haruka , Ishijima Muneaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka , Tamura Yoshifumi , Uchio Yuji , Ikegawa Shiro , Terao Chikashi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSarcopenia is a common skeletal muscle disease in older people. Lower limb muscle strength is a good predictive value for sarcopenia; however, little is known about its genetic components. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for knee extension strength in a total of 3452 Japanese aged 60 years or older from two independent cohorts. We identified a significant locus, rs10749438 which is an intronic variant in TACC2 (transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing 2) (P = 4.2 × 10−8). TACC2, encoding a cytoskeleton-related protein, is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, and is reported as a target of myotonic dystrophy 1-associated splicing alterations. These suggest that changes in TACC2 expression are associated with variations in muscle strength in older people. The association was consistently observed in young and middle-aged subjects. Our findings would shed light on genetic components of lower limb muscle strength and indicate TACC2 as a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia.