bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partikelgebundene organische Stoffe in der Atmosphäre
Authors: Lammel Gerhard , Lohmann Rainer , Puxbaum Hans 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLuft enthält winzige Anteile kondensierter Phase. Deren organischer Anteil hat die größte chemische Vielfalt und stellt dem Analytiker die diffizilsten Aufgaben. Lufttransporte und mikrophysikalische Umwandlungen machen das Untersuchungsobjekt darüber hinaus stark veränderlich.
Chemiedozententagung 2004 in Dortmund
Authors: Plietker Bernd 
Published: May 2010

AbstractReform—dieses Schlagwort, ohne das derzeit nahezu keine politischen Diskussionen zu führen sind, stand bei der diesjährigen Chemiedozententagung in Dortmund neben den Vorträgen des Hochschullehrernachwuchses im Mittelpunkt.
Einstieg in die Strategieberatung
Authors: Breipohl Sven 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWas für viele Doktoranden vor zehn Jahren noch eine Art Notlösung war, wenn Stellen in Forschung und Entwicklung der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Industrie rar waren, ist heute ein gleichberechtigter Berufseinstieg: die Strategieberatung. So sucht das Beratungsunternehmen Bain & Company ständig Naturwissenschaftler mit entsprechendem Profil.
Alwin Mittasch: Industriechemiker und Philosoph
Authors: Beyer Lothar 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSein Werdegang begann an der Universität Leipzig und führte vom genügsamen Volksschullehrer über den Meister der technischen Chemie bei der BASF zum Naturphilosophen. Alwin Mittasch hat mit seiner enormen Schaffenskraft die Katalyseforschung nachhaltig geprägt, doch ihm blieb, anders als Carl Bosch und Wilhelm Ostwald, die höchste wissenschaftliche Auszeichnung versagt.
Lebensmittelproben vorbereiten‐Paradebeispiel Mykotoxine
Authors: Rychlik Michael 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSchimmelpilze wachsen auf fast allen Lebensmitteln und produzieren eine Vielzahl hochwirksamer Gifte. Um diese mit der nötigen Empfindlichkeit nachweisen zu können, müssen Lebensmittelanalytiker ihre Proben effektiv vorbereiten.
Zellaufschluss‐Wichtige Kriterien zur erfolgreichen Analyse
Authors: Asche Wolfgang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUm Umwelteinflüsse auf Pflanzen untersuchen, die Qualität von Lebensmitteln überwachen oder DNA und RNA aus Zellen isolieren zu können, müssen Analytiker ihre Proben fast immer zuerst aufschließen. Was in dieser Phase, bei Probennahme und‐aufschluss, versäumt wird, lässt ich zu keinem Zeitpunkt der Aufarbeitung nachholen.
Pittcon 2004‐Lösungen für eine bessere Chemie
Authors: Andersson Jan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMassenspektrometrie, Nanotechnik und Terrorismusbekämpfung—das waren einige der Themen auf der Pittcon 2004. Die Vorträge handelten von der Nutzung kleiner Partikel in der Flüssigkeitschromatographie oder den Stolpersteinen bei der Untersuchung historischer DNA‐Proben.
Vom Farbstoff zum Rezeptor: Paul Ehrlich und die Chemie
Authors: Sörgel Fritz , Landersdorfer Cornelia , Bulitta Jürgen , Keppler Bernhard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSeine immunologischen Arbeiten brachten Paul Ehrlich den Nobelpreis, doch sein größter Erfolg war die Entwicklung des Syphilispräparats Salvarsan ‐ nicht zuletzt deswegen, weil er als Mediziner auch gewohnt war, wie ein Chemiker zu denken. Zentrale, noch heute gültige Konzepte der Arzneimittelforschung verdanken ihre Entstehung letztlich Ehrlichs lebenslanger Beschäftigung mit Farbstoffen.
Computergestützte Planung organischer Synthesen
Authors: Sitzmann Markus 
Published: May 2010

AbstractViele Chemiker betrachten Computerprogramme zur Planung organischer Synthesen noch immer mit Skepsis. Die folgenden Beispiele sollen zeigen, daß solche Programmsysteme trotzdem ein interessantes Hilfsmittel für die gezielte Synthese sein können.
Mehr Aussteller, weniger Besucher
Authors: Baumann Stefanie 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNach der Analytica 2004 zieht die Messe München eine positive Bilanz: Aussteller‐Rekord übertroffen, Anteil der ausländischen Besucher gewachsen, etwa 250 Aussteller neu dabei. Auch bei den ‐ leicht gesunkenen ‐ Besucherzahlen habe man das „Planziel im vollen Umfang erreicht”︁, erläutert Klaus Dittrich, Geschäftsführer der Messe München.
Max‐Planck statt BASF und Bayer
Authors: Hübenthal Anke 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn der chemischen Industrie oder in Hochschulen, Unternehmensberatungen oder in der Automobilbranche ‐ Chemiker stehen unterschiedliche Karrieren offen. Mit einer gemeinsamen Umfrage haben das Berliner Institut Trendence und das GDCh‐Jungchemikerforum auch in diesem Jahr wieder ermittelt, welche Arbeitgeber die angehenden Chemiker bevorzugen.
Zeitaufgelöste NIR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Bülter Andreas , Wahl Michael , Erdmann Rainer 
Published: May 2010

AbstractZeitaufgelöste Fluoreszenzmessungen, insbesondere im NIR‐Bereich, liefern neue Einsichten in der biochemischen und biologischen Analytik. Die Anwendungen reichen von der Spektroskopie einzelner Moleküle bis hin zur DNA‐Sequenzierung.
Die Masse macht's
Authors: Boll Matthias , Völkening Stephan , Jiritschka Wolfgang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDurch die intelligente Verknüpfung komplementärer Methoden lassen sich Informationen über ein untersuchtes System potenzieren. Eine sinnvolle Kombination ist die Kopplung von Thermogravimetrie und Massenspektrometrie.
GAFOC III: Horizonte der Chemie
Authors: Schmuck Carsten 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVon der Biophysik über die Proteinchemie und die Bioorganische Chemie bis hin zu den Polymer‐ und Materialwissenschaften reichte das Spektrum auf dem diesjährigen, dritten Deutsch‐Amerikanischen Symposium „Frontiers of Chemistry”︁ im Kloster Seeon. 23 Vorträge, 52 Posterbeiträge und ein intensiver Gedankenaustausch katalysierten neue Kontakte und Kooperationen und stimmen optimistisch für die Zukunft des Fachs.
Atomspektrometrie in der industriellen Praxis
Authors: Wende Martin C. , Lübke Michael , Croß Andreas , Jäckel Klaus‐Peter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractViele unterschiedliche Proben, ein breites Spektrum an Matrizes und der Zwang zur Automatisierung bestimmen die apparative Ausstattung der Atomspektrometrie im Kompetenzzentrum Analytik der BASF.magnified image
Mehrdimensionale Polymeranalytik
Authors: Pasch Harald , Adler Martina 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMit der on‐line‐gekoppelten 2‐D‐Chromatographie lassen sich chemisch uneinheitlich aufgebaute Polymere mit nur einer Probenaufgabe zuerst nach ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung und anschließend automatisch nach ihrer Molmasse trennen.
12. Vortragstagung der Fachgruppe Festkörperchemie und Materialforschung
Authors: Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMitte September fand an der Philipps‐Universität Marburg die 12. Vortragstagung der Fachgruppe Festkörperchemie und Materialforschung unter dem Motto „Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen ”︁ statt. Über 200 Teilnehmer diskutierten 6 Haupt‐und 26 Kurzvorträge sowie mehr als 120 Poster ‐ ein Beweis für die Lebendigkeit der Fachgruppe. Im Rahmen des Vortragsprogramms wurde der Starck‐Promotionspreis für Anorganische Festkörperchemie verliehen.
Elektrochemie ‐ grenzübergreifend
Authors: Lehmann Thomas , Jüttner Klaus , Russow Jürgen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUnter idealen Bedingungen ‐ ein attraktives Vortragsprogramm, eine perfekte Organisation und sonnige Frühherbsttage ‐fand Anfang September die diesjährige Tagung der Fachgruppe Angewandte Elektrochemie gemeinsam mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Galvano‐ und Oberflächentechnik (DGO) in Graz in der Technischen Universität statt. Damit setzte die Fachgruppe ihre Tradition fort, den wissenschaftlichen Austausch mit den Nachbarländern zu fördern.
3. Intensivkurs ‐ Grundlagen der Einkristallstrukturbestimmung
Authors: Lehmann Christian W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGerade in den Zeiten der „Black‐box‐Automatisierung”︁ dem wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs Basiswissen über Einkristallstrukturanalyse zu vermitteln, dieses Ziel hat der Intensivkurs „Grundlagen der Einkristallstrukturbestimmung”︁ des Arbeitskreises „Chemische Kristallographie”︁ der GDCh‐Fachgruppe Analytische Chemie. Der als Sommerschule abgehaltene Kurs fand Mitte September zum dritten Mal statt.
Einzelmolekülspektroskopie und ihre Anwendungen
Authors: Koberling Felix , Krämer Benedikt , Wahl Michael 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMit der konfokalen Fluoreszenzmikroskopie sind Fluoreszenzuntersuchungen an einzelnen Molekülen möglich. Dadurch ergeben sich neue Einblicke in Biophysik, Genetik und Zellbiologie.
Ionische Flüssigkeiten ‐ eine Querschnittstechnologie?
Authors: Schubert Thomas J. S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSie finden ihren Weg in viele Gebiete der Technik und sind schon weit mehr als „nur”︁ Ersatz für organische Lösungsmittel: Ionische Flüssigkeiten vereinen so viele unterschiedliche anwendungsrelevante Eigenschaften, dass selbst so weit voneinander entfernte Einsatzfelder wie Solarzellen und Verfahrenstechnik davon profitieren. Eine Reihe von Applikationen ist schon auf dem Markt, weitere stehen kurz vor der Kommerzialisierung.
Wind turbines equipped with fractional‐order controllers: Stress on the mechanical drive train due to a converter control malfunction
Authors: Melício R. , Mendes V. M. F. , Catalão J. P. S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper is on variable‐speed wind turbines with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Three different drive train mass models and three different topologies for the power‐electronic converters are considered. The three different topologies considered are respectively a matrix, a two‐level and a multilevel converter. A novel control strategy, based on fractional‐order controllers, is proposed for the wind turbines. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the behaviour of the wind turbines during a converter control malfunction, considering the fractional‐order controllers. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Prospect of Genome‐guided Preventive Medicine: A Need and Opportunity for Genetic Counselors
Authors: O'Daniel Julianne M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOne of the major anticipated benefits of genomic medicine is the area of preventive medicine. Commercially available genomic profiling is now able to generate risk information for a number of common conditions several of which have recognized preventive guidelines. Similarly, family history assessment affords powerful health risk prediction based on the shared genetic, physical and lifestyle environments within families. Thus, with the ability to help predict disease risk and enable preemptive health plans, genome‐guided preventive medicine has the potential to improve population health on an individualized level. To realize this potential, steps to broaden access to accurate genomic health information must be considered. With expertise in genetic science, risk assessment and communication, and a patient‐centered practice approach, genetic counselors are poised to play a critical role in facilitating the incorporation of genomic health risks into the burgeoning field of genome‐guided preventive medicine.
Research in cardiac radiology: a European Society of Radiology white paper
Authors:   ESR Executive Council 2009,   ESR Working Group on Cardiac Imaging Research of the European Society of Cardiac Radiology
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The past, present and future status of the practice of cardiac imaging is discussed, especially as it relates to cardiac imaging research. Recommendations for the future development are given; these emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration.
Luciferase Assay
Authors: Smale Stephen T. 
Published: May 2010

INTRODUCTIONWhen a transient or stable transfection assay is developed for a promoter, a primary objective is to quantify promoter strength. Because transfection efficiency in such assays can be low, promoters are commonly fused to heterologous reporter genes that encode enzymes that can be quantified using highly sensitive assays. The reporter protein’s activity or fluorescence within a transfected cell population is approximately proportional to the steady-state mRNA level. A commonly used reporter gene is the luciferase gene from the firefly Photinus pyralis. This gene encodes a 61-kDa enzyme that oxidizes D-luciferin in the presence of ATP, oxygen, and Mg++, yielding a fluorescent product that can be quantified by measuring the released light. Including coenzyme A in the reaction enhances the sensitivity of the assay and provides a sustained light reaction. In this protocol, cells transfected with a luciferase reporter plasmid are lysed using a detergent-containing buffer. Cell debris is removed by microcentrifugation and luciferase activity is measured using a luminometer. Some luminometers directly inject the reagents into the cell lysate. Such automation allows the signal to be measured at a precise time following injection, which can increase the consistency of the results. For manual luminometers, the substrate solution is mixed by hand with the cell lysate, and the fluorescence is read at a defined time following mixing. The luciferase assay is extremely rapid, simple, relatively inexpensive, sensitive, and possesses a broad linear range.
β-Galactosidase Assay
Authors: Smale Stephen T. 
Published: May 2010

INTRODUCTIONWhen a transient or stable transfection assay is developed for a promoter, a primary objective is to quantify promoter strength. Because transfection efficiency in such assays can be low, promoters are commonly fused to heterologous reporter genes that encode enzymes that can be quantified using highly sensitive assays. The reporter protein’s activity or fluorescence within a transfected cell population is approximately proportional to the steady-state mRNA level. Although the Escherichia coli lacZ gene, encoding β-galactosidase (β-gal), can be used as a standard reporter for monitoring the strength of a promoter or enhancer in a transient or stable transfection assay, it is predominantly used as an internal control during transient transfection experiments. When used in this manner, cells are usually transfected with the control plasmid (containing a ubiquitously active viral promoter fused to the E. coli lacZ gene) and an experimental plasmid containing another reporter gene (e.g., luciferase or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase [CAT]) under the control of the promoter or enhancer of interest. The basic colorimetric assay described here is the simplest and least expensive assay for quantifying β-gal activity. The cells are lysed and, after determining the total protein concentration in the extracts, an aliquot of the extract is mixed with the reaction substrate, O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), in a buffer containing sodium phosphate and magnesium chloride. When the yellow product becomes visible, the optical densities of the samples are determined spectrophotometrically.
Digital Scanned Laser Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Keller Philipp J. , Stelzer Ernst H. K. 
Published: May 2010

INTRODUCTIONModern applications in the life sciences are frequently based on in vivo imaging of biological specimens, a domain for which light microscopy approaches are typically best suited. Often, quantitative information must be obtained from large multicellular organisms on the cellular or even subcellular level and with a good temporal resolution. However, this usually requires a combination of conflicting features: high imaging speed, low photobleaching, and low phototoxicity in the specimen, good three-dimensional (3D) resolution, an excellent signal-to-noise ratio, and multiple-view imaging capability. The latter feature refers to the capability of recording a specimen along multiple directions, which is crucial for the imaging of large specimens with strong light-scattering or light-absorbing tissue properties. An imaging technique that fulfills these requirements is essential for many key applications: For example, studying fast cellular processes over long periods of time, imaging entire embryos throughout development, or reconstructing the formation of morphological defects in mutants. Here, we discuss digital scanned laser light sheet fluorescence microscopy (DSLM) as a novel tool for quantitative in vivo imaging in the post-genomic era and show how this emerging technique relates to the currently most widely applied 3D microscopy techniques in biology: confocal fluorescence microscopy and two-photon microscopy.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON IMPULSIVE FORCE OF DRIFT BODY DUE TO TSUNAMI FLOW
Authors: HIRAISHI TETSUYA , HARUO KAZUTO , SAITOH EIJI 
Published: May 2010

In the Indian Ocean Tsunami, numerous drifting bodies like timbers induced by the strong tsunami flow caused the damage of houses. Such influences by the drifting body due to tsunami are worried especially in the Japanese harbor area where a new offshore runway is under construction using the jacket-type structure. The jacket is composed of vertical piers and oblique supporters with about 1 m diameter and is placed in the sea 20 m deep. In the paper, the impulsive wave force by a drifting timber due to tsunami flows is experimentally studied using a wave basin with a current generator. The target tsunami flow velocity calculated for the design earthquake is 0.9 m/s at the jacket location and the scale in the experiment is 1/10. In the experiments, the maximum total horizontal force acting on a vertical column fixed in a channel was measured and its characteristic was investigated. The collision force was mainly determined in the drifting velocity and timber mass. An experimental equation to evaluate the maximum force was derived and its accuracy was demonstrated.
A Critical Appraisal of EU Governance for the Protection of Minority Rights
Authors: Ahmed Tawhida 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe European Union (EU) has increasing regulatory capacity and capability for minority rights protection. A combination of old and new governance measures have been useful in affording the EU that capacity. Both modes of governance impact on EU migrant groups, particularly where they are free movers of a different nationality, race or ethnic orgin to the (dominant) members of the states to which they have migrated. In addition, new governance measures also allow a degree of impact on other minority groups, such as national minorities, whether or not individuals from these groups exercise free movement rights. Together, old and new governance measures offer certain extents of 'respect' for, 'protection' of and 'promotion' of minority rights.
Caste Discrimination and Minority Rights: The Case of India's Dalits
Authors: Waughray Annapurna 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIndia's Dalits (formerly known as Untouchables) number around 167 million or one-sixth of India's population. Despite constitutional and legislative prohibitions of Untouchability and discrimination on grounds of caste they continue to suffer caste-based discrimination and violence. Internationally, caste discrimination has been affirmed since 1996 by the UN committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination as a form of racial discrimination prohibited by the Inter national Convention for the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination, and since 2000 as a form of discrimination prohibited by international human rights law. India's Dalits have also pursued minority rights and indigenous peoples' approaches before international forums. Yet the Dalits do not readily meet the internationally-agreed criteria for minorities or for indigenous peoples, while in India they are not classified legally as a minority, enjoying a constitutional status and constitutional protections in the form of affirmative action provisions distinct from those groups classified as minorities. This article is concerned with the characterisation of the Dalits in international and Indian law. In particular it focuses on India's provisions on Dalits and minorities respectively, examining the origins and limitations of the Scheduled Caste category (the constitutional term for the Dalits) and the relationship between Scheduled Caste status and religion. The article addresses arguments for the extension of Scheduled Caste status to Muslim and Christian Dalits (currently excluded from the constitutional category on grounds of religion) and concludes by endorsing calls for re-examination of the domestic legal categories encompassing victims of caste discrimination and of the legal strategies for the elimination of such discrimination, while arguing that internationally caste discrimination might be more effectively addressed by the conceptualisation of caste as a sui generis ground of discrimination as in India.
Constitutional Design for Divided Societies. Integration or Accommodation?
Authors: Marko Joseph 
Published: May 2010

AbstractConstitutional Design for Divided Societies: Integration or Accommodation? raises important conceptual questions of consociational theory and powersharing mechanisms and tests them against a wide range of regional case studies from Europe, Africa and Asia. The axiomatic, underlying interest for analysis is the question: how can and should culturally divided societies be politically managed, not the least through constitutional arrangements? All of the articles are based on the conceptual distinction of “integration” versus “accomodation” as a follow-up to the Lijphart-Horowitz debate. However, the main achievement of the book is the insight into the necessity to de-construct this conceptual dichotomy and to develop better refinements by bridging the gap between comparative politics and comparative constitutional law. In the end the book thus provides fresh food for thought on how to reconcile consociational theory and powersharing mechanisms with the problems of self-determination disputes usually overlooked by the former concepts.
In Search of a Secular in Contemporary Indian Dance: A Continuing Journey
Authors: Chatterjea Ananya 
Published: May 2010

This essay is the result of a long and tortured preoccupation stemming from my personal history of growing up in Kolkata, India, with a strong tradition of leftist cultural forums; the current escalation of religious fundamentalisms globally; and my questions about the signifying potential of performing bodies in this context. While I have tried to untangle and understand the complicated issues in this search for the secular dancing body in the context of Indian performance, I have been able to arrive only at a series of questions, which, in riotous recoiling, have constantly spun new questions and interjections. I offer my journey through these questions as considerations in thinking through one of the directions of contemporary Indian dance.While I had been trying to understand the secular traditions in Indian dance for a while, questions around it grew especially urgent with the growing power of Hindu fundamentalism in India, and in particular with the destruction of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya on December 6, 1992, by an angry mob of “Hindus” on the grounds that the mosque had been built by Muslim ruler Babar in the sixteenth century, supposedly after destroying a Hindu temple dedicated to Rama which preexisted in that spot. This incident, followed by the Hindutva claim that a new temple dedicated to Rama be built on that spot, sparked offa horrifying spate of communal violence. That the Babri had been one of the last vestiges of the shaqri style of architecture in India was hardly raised. But the overwhelming of cultural icons by religious ideology as mobilized by fundamentalists was indubitable.