bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myelin-phagocytosing macrophages modulate autoreactive T cell proliferation
Authors: Bogie Jeroen FJ , Stinissen Piet , Hellings Niels , Hendriks Jerome JA 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which macrophages play a central role. Initially, macrophages where thought to be merely detrimental in MS, however, recent evidence suggests that their functional phenotype is altered following myelin phagocytosis. Macrophages that have phagocytosed myelin may be less inflammatory and may exert beneficial effects. The presence of myelin-containing macrophages in CNS-draining lymph nodes and perivascular spaces of MS patients suggests that these cells are ideally positioned to exert an immune regulatory role. Therefore we evaluated in this study the effect of myelin-phagocytosing macrophages on lymphocyte reactivity.MethodsThioglycolate-elicited rat peritoneal macrophages were loaded with myelin and cocultured with myelin-basic protein (MBP) or ovalbumin (OVA) reactive lymphocytes. Lymphocyte proliferation was determined by CFSE-labeling. The role of nitric oxide in regulating lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by addition of an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase to the coculture.In vivoimmune regulation was investigated by treating MBP- and OVA-immunized animals subcutaneously with myelin. Cognate antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation and nitric oxide production were determined 9d post-immunization.ResultsIn this study we demonstrate that myelin-phagocytosing macrophages inhibit TCR-triggered lymphocyte proliferation in an antigen-independent manner. The observed immune suppression is mediated by an increase in NO production by myelin-phagocytosing macrophages upon contact with lymphocytes. Additionally, myelin delivery to primarily CD169+macrophages in popliteal lymph nodes of OVA-immunized animals results in a reduced cognate antigen specific proliferation. In contrast to OVA-immunized animals, lymphocytes from MBP-immunized animals displayed an increased proliferation after stimulation with their cognate antigen, indicating that myelin-phagocytosing macrophages have dual effects depending on the specificity of surrounding lymphocytes.ConclusionsCollectively our data show that myelin phagocytosis leads to an altered macrophage function that inhibits lymphocyte proliferation. Additionally, results from this study indicate that myelin-phagocytosing macrophages fulfill a dual rolein vivo. On one hand they aggravate autoimmunity by activating myelin-reactive lymphocytes and on the other hand they suppress lymphocyte reactivity by producing NO.
Parosteal osteosarcoma mimicking osteochondroma: A radio-histologic approach on two cases
Authors: Papathanassiou Zafiria G , Alberghini Marco , Thiesse Philippe , Gambarotti Marco , Bianchi Giuseppe , Tranfaglia Cristina , Vanel Daniel 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Objective
Parosteal osteosarcoma is a well-differentiated variant of osteosarcoma that affects the surface of the bone. The imaging pattern is very typical. We report two cases mimicking an osteochondroma, radiologically and histologically and propose an explanation.

Material
The review of 86 parosteal osteosarcomas of bone revealed this atypical pattern only once. A consultation case was received in the same time, and added to ours. Patients were 28 years old and 56 years old females. Imaging studies included two radiographs, two CTscans, one MRI examination and one bone scan and the results were compared to histology.

Results
On imaging, both lesions presented as ossified lobulated masses attached with a broad base to the underlying cortex. No radiolucent cleft separated the masses and the host bone and cortex continuity between the mass and the femur was seen, with medullary communication. The marrow of the mass had a different density and intensity compared to normal marrow. So, there were features of an osteochondroma (cortex and medullary continuity) and of a parosteal osteosarcoma (ossified marrow). Pathological assessment on the final specimen confirmed the presence of low-grade parosteal osteosarcomas, after an erroneous diagnosis of osteochondroma on the initial biopsy.

Conclusions
Parosteal osteosarcoma can be rarely confused with osteochondroma. A radiologic-pathologic correlation is essential. Cortex continuity is the most misleading imaging feature that may occur in parosteal osteosarcomas. A knowledge of this misleading pattern will help diagnose the lesion from the beginning.
Mini-PEG spacering of VAP-1-targeting 68Ga-DOTAVAP-P1 peptide improves PET imaging of inflammation
Authors: Autio Anu , Henttinen Tiina , Sipilä Henri J , Jalkanen Sirpa , Roivainen Anne 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an adhesion molecule that plays a key role in recruiting leucocytes into sites of inflammation. We have previously shown that 68Gallium-labelled VAP-1-targeting peptide (68Ga-DOTAVAP-P1) is a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent, capable of visualising inflammation in rats, but disadvantaged by its short metabolic half-life and rapid clearance. We hypothesised that prolonging the metabolic half-life of 68Ga-DOTAVAP-P1 could further improve its imaging characteristics. In this study, we evaluated a new analogue of 68Ga-DOTAVAP-P1 modified with a mini-polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer (68Ga-DOTAVAP-PEG-P1) for in vivo imaging of inflammation.

Methods
Whole-body distribution kinetics and visualisation of inflammation in a rat model by the peptides 68Ga-DOTAVAP-P1 and 68Ga-DOTAVAP-PEG-P1 were evaluated in vivo by dynamic PET imaging and ex vivo by measuring the radioactivity of excised tissues. In addition, plasma samples were analysed by radio-HPLC for the in vivo stability of the peptides.

Results
The peptide with the mini-PEG spacer showed slower renal excretion but similar liver uptake as the original peptide. At 60 min after injection, the standardised uptake value of the inflammation site was 0.33 ± 0.07 for 68Ga-DOTAVAP-P1 and 0.53 ± 0.01 for 68Ga-DOTAVAP-PEG-P1 by PET. In addition, inflammation-to-muscle ratios were 6.7 ± 1.3 and 7.3 ± 2.1 for 68Ga-DOTAVAP-P1 and 68Ga-DOTAVAP-PEG-P1, respectively. The proportion of unchanged peptide in circulation at 60 min after injection was significantly higher for 68Ga-DOTAVAP-PEG-P1 (76%) than for 68Ga-DOTAVAP-P1 (19%).

Conclusion
The eight-carbon mini-PEG spacer prolonged the metabolic half-life of the 68Ga-DOTAVAP-P1 peptide, leading to higher target-to-background ratios and improved in vivo PET imaging of inflammation.
ZINBA integrates local covariates with DNA-seq data to identify broad and narrow regions of enrichment, even within amplified genomic regions
Authors: Rashid Naim U , Giresi Paul G , Ibrahim Joseph G , Sun Wei , Lieb Jason D 
Published: July 2011

AbstractZINBA (Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Algorithm) identifies genomic regions enriched in a variety of ChIP-seq and related next-generation sequencing experiments (DNA-seq), calling both broad and narrow modes of enrichment across a range of signal-to-noise ratios. ZINBA models and accounts for factors that co-vary with background or experimental signal, such as G/C content, and identifies enrichment in genomes with complex local copy number variations. ZINBA provides a single unified framework for analyzing DNA-seq experiments in challenging genomic contexts.Software website: http://code.google.com/p/zinba/
Relative Abundance of EGFR Mutations Predicts Benefit From Gefitinib Treatment for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhou Qing , Zhang Xu-Chao , Chen Zhi-Hong , Yin Xiao-Lu , Yang Jin-Ji , Xu Chong-Rui , Yan Hong-Hong , Chen Hua-Jun , Su Jian , Zhong Wen-Zhao , Yang Xue-Ning , An She-Juan , Wang Bin-Chao , Huang Yi-Sheng , Wang Zhen , Wu Yi-Long 
Published: July 2011

Purpose Our aim was to determine whether abundance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in tumors predicts benefit from treatment with EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods We detected EGFR mutations in 100 lung cancer samples using direct DNA sequencing and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Mutation-positive tumors by both methods carried high abundance of EGFR mutations. Tumors that were mutation positive by ARMS but mutation negative by direct DNA sequencing harbored low abundance of EGFR mutations. Mutation-negative tumors by both methods carried wild-type EGFR. All patients received gefitinib treatment. The correlation between EGFR mutation abundance and clinical benefit from gefitinib treatment was analyzed. Results Of 100 samples, 51 and 18 harbored high and low abundances of EGFR mutations, respectively; 31 carried wild-type EGFR. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.3 (95% CI, 7.4 to 15.2) and 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.5 to 8.4) in patients with high and low abundances of EGFR mutations, respectively (P = .014). Median PFS of patients with low abundance of EGFR mutations was significantly longer than that of those with wild-type tumors (2.1 months; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.2; P = .010). Objective response rates (ORRs) were 62.7%, 44.4%, and 16.1%, and overall survival (OS) rates were 15.9 (95% CI, 13.4 to 18.3), 10.9 (95% CI, 2.7 to 19.1), and 8.7 months (95% CI, 4.6 to 12.7) for patients with high abundance of EGFR mutations, low abundance of EGFR mutations, and wild-type EGFR, respectively. The difference between patients with high and low abundances of EGFR mutations was not significant regarding ORR and OS. Conclusion The relative EGFR mutation abundance could predict benefit from EGFR-TKI treatment for advanced NSCLC.
Phase II Study of Temsirolimus in Women With Recurrent or Metastatic Endometrial Cancer: A Trial of the NCIC Clinical Trials Group
Authors: Oza Amit M. , Elit Laurie , Tsao Ming-Sound , Kamel-Reid Suzanne , Biagi Jim , Provencher Diane Michele , Gotlieb Walter H. , Hoskins Paul J. , Ghatage Prafull , Tonkin Katia S. , Mackay Helen J. , Mazurka John , Sederias Joana , Ivy Percy , Dancey Janet E. , Eisenhauer Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene, and loss of function mutations are common and appear to be important in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinomas. Loss of PTEN causes deregulated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/serine-threonine kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling which may provide neoplastic cells with a selective survival advantage by enhancing angiogenesis, protein translation, and cell cycle progression. Temsirolimus, an ester derivative of rapamycin that inhibits mTOR, was evaluated in this setting. Patients and Methods Sequential phase II studies evaluated single-agent activity of temsirolimus in women with recurrent or metastatic chemotherapy-naive or chemotherapy-treated endometrial cancer. Temsirolimus 25 mg intravenously was administered weekly in 4-week cycles. Results In the chemotherapy-naive group, 33 patients received a median of four cycles (range, one to 23 cycles). Of the 29 patients evaluable for response, four (14%) had an independently confirmed partial response and 20 (69%) had stable disease as best response, with a median duration of 5.1 months (range, 3.7 to 18.4 months) and 9.7 months (range, 2.1 to 14.6 months). Only five patients (18%) had progressive disease. In the chemotherapy-treated group, 27 patients received a median of three cycles (range, one to six cycles). Of the 25 patients evaluable for response, one (4%) had an independently confirmed partial response, and 12 patients (48%) had stable disease, with a median duration of 4.3 months (range, 3.6 to 4.9 months) and 3.7 months (range, 2.4 to 23.2 months). PTEN loss (immunohistochemistry and mutational analysis) and molecular markers of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway did not correlate with the clinical outcome. Conclusion mTOR inhibition with temsirolimus has encouraging single-agent activity in endometrial cancer which is higher in chemotherapy-naive patients than in chemotherapy-treated patients and is independent of PTEN status. The difference in activity according to prior therapy should be factored into future clinical trial designs.
Listening to the Voices of Students With Disabilities: Can Such Voices Inform Practice?
Authors: Byrnes Linda J. , Rickards Field W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article investigates issues to do with student voice. Much attention is given within the literature to including the voice of students without disabilities in educational debate. Indeed, clear connections have been made between the use of student voice and raising student achievement (Mitra, 2004). Given the validation of such voices, it is paradoxical that limited attention is accorded to the views of students with disabilities (Habel, Bloom, Ray, & Bacon, 1999). This position paper explores reasons why the viewpoints of students with disabilities are not routinely investigated or listened to, and puts forward a case for stronger attention to be given to such voices. The article concludes by offering suggestions as to how to collect such viewpoints.
Promoting Multicultural Competencies in Early Career Rehabilitation Counsellor Supervisors
Authors: Boston Quintin , Vaughn Mya , Pitt Jenelle , Soldner James L. , Turner-Whittaker Tyra , Robertson Stacia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article discusses multicultural competency education options for early career rehabilitation counsellor supervisors. It specifically addresses the importance of the cultural awareness and competencies in supervised supervision. Multicultural counsellor competencies in clinical supervision are considered in the context of rehabilitation counsellor professional preparation programs in the United States. Diversity considerations are important to operationalising the construct of the working alliance in the context of clinical supervision training for early career rehabilitation counsellor supervisors. Acquiring, retaining and cultivating multicultural clinical supervision competencies in self and others is a lifelong process.
Automatic grain texture analysis using integral transforms
Authors: Hall Wayne , Seagar Andrew , Palmer Stuart 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Tonewood for musical instruments is quarter-sawn and frequently quality-graded based on visual appearance, mechanical and acoustic properties. The assessment uses simple human (subjective) observation, and two “experts” can rate the same sample differently. This paper describes the application of integral transforms (Fourier and Radon) for automatic (objective) assessment of the visual appearance of 10 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) sample images. This work considers surface classification on the basis of grain orientation, count, spacing, and evenness or uniformity.
Screening for xylanase and β-xylosidase production from wood-inhabiting Penicillium strains for potential use in biotechnological applications
Authors: Lee Jaejung , Jang Yeongseon , Lee Hanbyul , Lee Sangjoon , Kim Gyu-Hyeok , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Experiments were performed to find potential sources for enzyme production for the pulp and paper industry and for biological ethanol production by screening the cellulase, xylanase and β-xylosidase activities of 36 species of Penicillium isolated from various wood materials in Korea. Rice straw powder (RiceP), birchwood xylan (BirchX), and beechwood xylan (BeechX) were supplied as individual carbon sources for the Penicillium species. All Penicillium species tested in this study showed little cellulase activity, but some species exhibited remarkably high xylanase and β-xylosidase activities, as determined by a filter paper assay. P. oxalicum showed the greatest xylanase activity on RiceP (158.70 U ml-1). On the other hand, P. brevicompactum produced the highest active β-xylosidase on BirchX (6.25 U ml-1).
Determination of Kinematic Viscosity of Used Lubricating Oils Using Houillon Viscometer
Authors: Kishore Nadkarni R. A. , Lane Janet L. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
A new method using Houillon viscometer for the determination of kinematic viscosity of lubricating oils is described. The results obtained by this method are statistically equivalent to those obtained by other test methods such as ASTM Test Methods D445 or D7042 for such determinations of kinematic viscosity. The precision of the new method is also similar to those of other test methods for determining kinematic viscosity.
‘Idiopathic’ partial androgen insensitivity syndrome in 28 newborn and infant males: impact of prenatal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptor chemicals?
Authors: Gaspari Laura , Paris Françoise , Philibert Pascal , Audran Françoise , Orsini Mattea , Servant Nadège , Maïmoun Laurent , Kalfa Nicolas , Sultan Charles 
Published: July 2011

Objective46,XY disorders of sex differentiation (46,XY DSD) can be due to a testis determination defect, an androgen biosynthesis defect, or androgen resistance (complete or partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS), or 5α reductase deficiency). We aimed to evaluate the impact of a prenatal contamination by environmental xenoestrogens in ‘idiopathic’ PAIS-like phenotype.SubjectsWe investigated 28 newborn/infant males with 46,XY DSD, normal androgen production, and no androgen receptor or steroid-5αR type II enzyme (SRD5A2) gene mutations.MethodsTo exclude other genetic defects, we sequenced the steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) and mastermind-like domain-containing 1 (MAMLD1) genes, which were recently found to be associated with the PAIS-like phenotype. Parents were interviewed about their environmental/occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) before/during the patients' fetal life. Total estrogenic bioactivity of patient serum was analyzed by ultrasensitive bioassay.ResultsAll the patients had normal SF1 sequence and one patient showed a double polymorphism of MAMLD1. Eleven (39.3%) of the 28 patients had reported parental fetal exposure to EDCs. The mean estrogenic bioactivity in these 11 patients with fetal EDC exposure (6.65±8.07 pg/ml) versus 17 cases without contamination (1.27±0.34 pg/ml) and controls (1.06±0.44 pg/ml;P<0.05) was elevated.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the ‘idiopathic’ PAIS-like phenotype may in some cases be related to EDC contamination during fetal life.
Collection of Forensic Evidence From Pediatric Victims of Sexual Assault
Authors: Girardet Rebecca , Bolton Kelly , Lahoti Sheela , Mowbray Hillary , Giardino Angelo , Isaac Reena , Arnold William , Mead Breanna , Paes Nicole 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:To determine the time period after sexual assault of a child that specimens may yield evidence using DNA amplification. Secondary questions included the comparative laboratory yields of body swabs versus other specimens, and the correlation between physical findings and laboratory results.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Data from evidence-collection kits from children 13 years and younger were reviewed. Kits were screened for evidence using traditional methods, and DNA testing was performed for positive specimens. Laboratory data were compared with historical information.RESULTS:There were 277 evidence-collection kits analyzed; 151 were collected from children younger than 10; 222 kits (80%) had 1 or more positive laboratory screening test, of which 56 (20%) tested positive by DNA. The time interval to collection was &lt;24 hours for 30 of the 56 positive kits (68% positives with a documented time interval), and 24 (43% of all positive kits) were positive only by nonbody specimens. The majority of children with DNA were aged 10 or older, but kits from 14 children younger than 10 also had a positive DNA result, of which 5 were positive by a body swab collected between 7 and 95 hours after assault. Although body swabs were important sources of evidence for older children, they were significantly less likely than nonbody specimens to yield DNA among children younger than 10 (P = .002). There was no correlation between physical findings and laboratory evidence.CONCLUSIONS:Body samples should be considered for children beyond 24 hours after assault, although the yield is limited. Physical examination findings do not predict yield of forensic laboratory tests.
Normative Nasalance Scores for the Malay Language
Authors: Ibrahim Hasherah Mohd , Reilly Sheena , Kilpatrick Nicky 
Published: July 2011

Objective To establish normative nasalance scores for a set of newly developed stimuli in Malay. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Participants were 150 native speakers of Malay aged 6 years to 12 years. Method All consented participants were initially screened to identify any overt difficulties relating to hearing, voice quality, resonance, or speech and language skills. Participants who passed the screen read or repeated each stimulus, and nasalance scores were recorded. Results The mean nasalance score for the Oral passage was 13.86% (SD = 5.11, 95% Cl = 13.04 to 14.68), 60.28% (SD = 6.99, 95% CI = 59.15 to 61.41) for the Nasal Passage, and 27.72% (SD = 4.74, 95% CI = 26.96 to 28.49) for the Set of Sentences. Conclusion Despite small variations, the overall mean nasalance scores in Malay are consistent with published norms in other languages. Age and sex differences were observed but clinically not relevant.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Changes of Glucose Effectiveness in Relation to Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Lorenzo Carlos , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Karter Andrew J. , Hanley Anthony J.G. , Rewers Marian J. , Haffner Steven M. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
Glucose effectiveness (SG), the capacity of glucose to enhance its own disposition, is an independent predictor of future diabetes. However, there are data on cross-sectional and longitudinal changes of SG and its components, basal insulin effect on SG (BIE) and SG at zero insulin (GEZI), but the natural course of SG has not been described in a large population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
S G was measured at baseline in 1,265 participants (aged 40–69 years) and at the 5-year examination in 827 participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) using the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. None of these participants were treated with glucose-lowering agents.

RESULTS
In cross-sectional analyses, SG, BIE, and GEZI deteriorated with worsening of glucose tolerance (P &lt; 0.001 for all three associations). In longitudinal analyses among subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline, SG, BIE, and GEZI declined in those who progressed to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diabetes (P &lt; 0.001 for all three measures). More modest longitudinal changes were demonstrated in individuals with IGT. The transition back to NGT (as opposed to no change) compared with the transition to diabetes was statistically significant for SG (P = 0.049) and BIE (P = 0.042) and was not a statistically significant trend for GEZI (P = 0.332). In individuals with diabetes, only BIE had a significant decline (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
S G, BIE, and GEZI decline in subjects whose glycemic status worsens. SG and GEZI deteriorate more in the initial stages of the disease process.