bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does teaching a solution‐focused model of counselling work? A follow‐up of graduates
Authors: Miller Judi H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective: To explore the ways in which graduates of a university counsellor‐education programme reflected on their career development, retained the programme's distinctive theoretical counselling model in their counselling practice and engaged in continuing professional development. The main aim was to discover whether or not teaching a solution‐focused model of counselling was worthwhile. Method: A questionnaire, using primarily solution‐focused type questions, was distributed to all graduates. Interest was focused on specific events, both inside and outside the training programme and beyond, that contributed to graduates' sense of development as counsellors. Results: Thirty four graduates (response rate 62%) provided responses indicating their recognition that their sense of competence and identification as professional counsellors develops over time, and is assisted by relevant feedback and supervision from lecturers and practical counselling experience. Graduates also indicated that their favoured working model was solution‐focused and that, as a framework, it provided them with opportunities to integrate other counselling models and add complementary professional development education. Conclusion: The graduates' continued use of a solution‐focused model supports the view that teaching the solution‐focused model is working. The findings are considered alongside four models of counsellor development and implications for counsellor‐education programmes are explored.
Does designation of protected areas ensure conservation of tree diversity in the Sudanian dry forest of Burkina Faso?
Authors: Paré Souleymane , Tigabu Mulualem , Savadogo Patrice , Odén Per Christer , Ouadba Jean Marie 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe importance of conservation status of the forest (protected versus unprotected) at two sites with differing human population density (high versus low) on the tree diversity of a Sudanian dry forest in Burkina Faso was studied. All woody species were recorded in 127 circular plots (area = 456.16 m2), and density, dominance, frequency, importance value indices and a variety of diversity measures were calculated to assess the species composition, structure and heterogeneity. A total of 69 species, representing 26 families and 52 genera, were found. Combretaceae, Leguminosae subfamily Caesalpinioideae and Rubiaceae were the dominant families. Neither human pressure nor forest conservation status significantly influenced the tree species richness. Stem density and basal area were significantly higher at the site with high population density than otherwise. Fisher’s diversity index revealed the unprotected forest at the site with low population density as the most diverse. We identified species with high conservation importance that should be enriched to maintain a viable population size. In conclusion, the current designation of protected areas seems inefficient at ensuring the conservation of tree diversity in the forest reserve. Thus, participatory conservation programme should be initiated.
The increasing hospital disease burden of haemochromatosis in England
Authors: COWAN M. L. , WESTLAKE S. , THOMSON S. J. , RAHMAN T. M. , MAJEED A. , MAXWELL J. D. , KANG J.‐Y. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryBackground  Hereditary haemochromatosis is a preventable cause of liver disease with an increasing disease burden.Aims  To investigate time trends for hospital admission ascribed to haemochromatosis in England during the period from 1989/1990 to 2002/2003 and mortality from 1979 to 2005.Methods  Hospital admission data, relating to both in‐patients and day‐cases, were obtained from the Hospital Episodes Statistics service. Mortality rates for England and Wales were provided by the Office for National Statistics.Results  Haemochromatosis is an uncommon cause for hospital admission. Age‐standardized in‐patient admission rates increased over the study period by 269% in men and by 290% in women: (from 0.64 to 2.36 and from 0.21 to 0.81 per year per 100 000). The increase in age‐standardized day‐case admission rates was even higher (men: from 2.78 to 34.9 per year per 100 000, 1155%; women: from 0.58 to 11.67 per year per 100 000, 1924%). Haemochromatosis was recorded as an uncommon cause of death.Conclusions  Hospital in‐patient and day case admissions for haemochromatosis increased markedly over the study period while mortality remained low. Both admission rates and mortality were higher in men than in women. The increase in admission rate may reflect improved recognition and diagnosis of iron overload disorders following identification of the HFE gene. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 247–252
Incidence and reasons for late failure after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation following BuCy2 in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Pant Shubham , Hamadani Mehdi , Dodds Anthony J. , Szer Jeffrey , Crilley Pamela A. , Stevenson Dustin , Phillips Gary , Elder Patrick , Nivison‐Smith Ian , Avalos Belinda R. , Penza Sam , Topolsky David , Sobecks Ronald , Kalaycio Matt , Bolwell Brian J. , Copelan Edward A. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe long‐term follow‐up is presented for 317 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia who underwent human leucocyte antigen‐identical sibling marrow transplants between 1984 and 1995 following preparation with busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg. Among the 142 (45%) who were alive and leukaemia‐free 3 years following transplantation, the leukaemia‐free survival at 15 years was 72·8%. The cumulative incidence of late (>3 years beyond transplant) non‐relapse mortality at 15 years was 12·9% and of late relapse was 16·5%. None of the variables considered (including age, disease stage, and graft‐versus‐host disease) were predictive of late failure.
Long-term T cell memory to human leucocyte antigen-A2 supertype epitopes in humans vaccinated against smallpox
Authors: Ostrout N D , McHugh M M , Tisch D J , Moormann A M , Brusic V , Kazura J W 
Published: October 2009

SummaryIdentification of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I-restricted T cell epitopes is important to develop methods to track the evolution of T cell memory to new generation smallpox vaccines and allow comparison to older vaccinia virus preparations known to induce protection against smallpox. We evaluated the relative predictive values of four computational algorithms to identify candidate 9-mer HLA-A2 supertype epitopes that were confirmed to stimulate preferentially T cell interferon (IFN)-γ responses by subjects last vaccinated with Dryvax 27–54 years previously. Six peptides encoded by I4L, G1L, A8R, I8R, D12L and H3L open reading frames that were identical for Vaccinia (Copenhagen), Variola major (Bangledesh 1975) and modified vaccinia Ankara strain preferentially stimulated IFN-γ responses by healthy HLA-A2 supertype adults last given Dryvax 27–49 years earlier relative to remotely vaccinated non-HLA-A2 supertype and unvaccinated HLA-A2 supertype adults. Combining results from at least two computational algorithms that use different strategies to predict peptide binding to HLA-A2 supertype molecules was optimal for selection of candidate peptides that were confirmed to be epitopes by recall of T cell IFN-γ responses. These data will facilitate evaluation of the immunogenicity of replication incompetent smallpox vaccines such as modified vaccinia Ankara and contribute to knowledge of poxvirus epitopes that are associated with long-lived T cell memory.
CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation in allergic asthma and the impact of cytomegalovirus serological status
Authors: Bratke K , Krieghoff L , Kuepper M , Luttmann W , Virchow J C 
Published: October 2009

SummaryAllergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2)-associated disease. There is evidence that the atopic milieu affects the development of CD8+ T cells in patients. We therefore analysed activation and differentiation states of CD8+ T cells in asymptomatic patients regarding the cytomegalovirus serological status. Memory CD8+ T cells (CCR5highCD3+CD8+), memory/effector cells (CD27+CD28–CD3+CD8+), effector cells (CD27–CD28–CD3+CD8+) and activated CD8+ T cells (CD11b+CD3+CD8+) were identified by flow cytometry in peripheral blood of 19 (seven cytomegalovirus (CMV)+/12 CMV–) patients with allergic asthma (AA) and 21 (seven CMV+/14 CMV–) healthy controls (HC). Effector and activated CD8+ T cells were significantly elevated in CMV+ HC compared to CMV– HC. There was a non-significant trend for reduced percentages of effector CD8+ T cells in CMV+ AA (median: 10·4%, range: 4·4–33·8%) compared to CMV+ HC (median: 23·1%, range: 10·7–54·1%; P = 0·128) and in CMV– AA (median: 4·1%, range: 0·6–13·4%) compared to CMV– HC (median: 5·7%, range: 0·2–17·0%; P = 0·085). Activated CD8+ T cells were reduced significantly in CMV+ AA (median: 17·0%, range: 6·0–29·4%) compared to CMV+ HC (median: 40·4%, range: 18·9–67·0%; P = 0·004) and showed a non-significant trend in CMV– AA (median: 15·0%, range: 2·9–24·0%) compared to CMV– HC (median: 20·2%, range: 5·8–71·0%; P = 0·060). Activated CD8+ T cells are significantly reduced in CMV+ patients with allergic asthma. Furthermore, a trend for an impaired terminal CD8+ T cell differentiation is observed in CMV+ and CMV– patients with asthma.
Optimal assessment of the ability of children with recurrent respiratory tract infections to produce anti-polysaccharide antibodies
Authors: Tuerlinckx D , Vermeulen F , Pékus V , De Bilderling G , Glupczynski Y , Collet S , Jamart J , Bodart E , Mascart F 
Published: October 2009

Summary
Specific anti-polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD) is an immune disorder. Diagnostic criteria have not yet been defined clearly. One hundred and seventy-six children evaluated for recurrent respiratory tract infections were analysed retrospectively. For each subject, specific anti-pneumococcal antibodies had been measured with two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), one overall assay (OA) using the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23-PPSV) as detecting antigen and the other purified pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes (serotype-specific assay, SSA) (serotypes 14, 19F and 23F). Antibody levels were measured before (n = 176) and after (n = 93) immunization with the 23-PPSV. Before immunization, low titres were found for 138 of 176 patients (78%) with OA, compared to 20 of 176 patients (11%) with the SSA. We found a significant correlation between OA and SSA results. After immunization, 88% (71 of 81) of the patients considered as responders in the OA test were also responders in the SSA; 93% (71 of 76) of the patients classified as responders according to the SSA were also responders in the OA. SPAD was diagnosed in 8% (seven of 93) of patients on the basis of the absence of response in both tests. Thus, we propose to use OA as a screening test for SPAD before 23-PPSV immunization. After immunization, SSA should be used only in case of a low response in OA. Only the absence of or a very low antibody response detected by both tests should be used as a diagnostic criterion for SPAD.
Outcome of influenza vaccination in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients
Authors: Kosor Krnic E , Gagro A , Kozaric-Kovacic D , Vilibic M , Grubisic-Ilic M , Folnegovic-Smalc V , Drazenovic V , Cecuk-Jelicic E , Gjenero-Margan I , Kuzman I , Jeren T , Sabioncello A , Kerhin-Brkljacic V , Kaic B , Markotic A , Gotovac K , Rabatic S , Mlinaric-Galinovic G , Dekaris D 
Published: October 2009

SummaryPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur after exposure to extreme traumatic experience such as war trauma, and is accompanied by fear, helplessness or horror. Exposure to trauma can result in immune dysregulation and influence susceptibility to infectious disease as well as vaccine efficacy. The aim of the study was to determine the relation of psychological stress and the immune response to influenza vaccination in combat-related PTSD patients (n = 28). Detection of anti-viral antibody titre was performed by inhibition of haemagglutination assay. Ex vivo tetramer staining of CD8+ T lymphocytes was used to monitor T cells specific for human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201-restricted influenza A haemagglutinin antigens before and after vaccination. Twenty patients showed a fourfold antibody titre increase to one or both influenza A viral strains, and 18 of them showed the same response for both influenza B viral strains. Ten of 15 healthy controls showed a fourfold rise in antibody titre to both influenza A viral strains and eight of them showed the same response for both influenza B viral strains. HLA-A*0201+ PTSD patients (n = 10) showed a significant increase of influenza-specific CD8 T cells after vaccination. Although those PTSD patients had a lower number of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells before vaccination compared to HLA-A*0201+ healthy controls (n = 6), there was no difference in influenza A antibody titre between PTSD patients and control subjects before vaccination. The generated humoral and cellular immune response in PTSD patients argues against the hypothesis that combat-related PTSD in war veterans might affect protection following influenza vaccination.
CXCL9 and 11 in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis: a role of alveolar macrophages
Authors: Nishioka Y , Manabe K , Kishi J , Wang W , Inayama M , Azuma M , Sone S 
Published: October 2009

SummaryInterferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10)/CXCL10, which is a ligand for CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. However, the roles of monokine induced by interferon γ (Mig)/CXCL9 and interferon-inducible T cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC)/CXCL11, which are also CXCR3 ligands, remain unclear. Mig/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/CXCL11 in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of these chemokines in alveolar macrophages was examined using ELISA, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. In BALF, Mig/CXCL9 and IP-10/CXCL10 were significantly elevated in stage II sarcoidosis as compared with the levels in healthy volunteers. In serum, Mig/CXCL9 and I-TAC/CXCL11 were increased in stage II of the disease. The levels of all CXCR3 ligands in BALF were correlated with the numbers of both total and CD4+ lymphocytes. Alveolar macrophages were stained positive for all CXCR3 ligands and produced increased amounts of these chemokines. Positive staining of the three chemokines was also observed in the epithelioid and giant cells in the sarcoid lungs. These findings suggest that Mig/CXCL9 and I-TAC/CXCL11 as well as IP-10/CXCL10 play important roles in the accumulation of Th1 lymphocytes in sarcoid lungs.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED&#x2028;Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-κB and preservation of IκBα in a T cell lymphoma
Authors: Deepak P , Kumar S , Acharya A 
Published: October 2009

RetractionThe article from Clinical & Experimental Immunology, ‘Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-κB and preservation of IκBα in a T cell lymphoma’, by P. Deepak, S. Kumar and A. Acharya (August 2007, 149(2), 378–386), published online on 5th June 2007] on Wiley InterScience (http://www.interscience.wiley.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor-in-Chief of Clinical & Experimental Immunology and Wiley-Blackwell.The retraction has been agreed due to lack of original data.
Effects of an indigenous and a commercial Lactobacillus buchneri strain on quality of sugar cane silage
Authors: Ávila C. L. S. , Pinto J. C. , Figueiredo H. C. P. , Schwan R. F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim was to evaluate the effects of adding a novel Lactobacillus buchneri strain and a commercial inoculant on the fermentation and aerobic stability of sugar cane silages (Saccharum spp.). In the first experiment samples were collected from sugar cane silage at 5, 20, 40 and 80 d after ensilage in experimental silos and microorganisms belonging to the Lactobacillus genus were isolated and identified, with a wild strain of L. buchneri, UFLA SIL 72, being selected as an inoculant. In the second experiment sugar cane was inoculated with either the novel bacteria or a commercial inoculant at the moment of ensiling and compared with a control silage prepared without an inoculant. Experimental silos were opened at 0, 3, 10, 30, 60 and 90 d of ensilage and their chemical composition measured. The silages opened after 90 d were also assessed for aerobic stability. The addition of L. buchneri resulted in a higher concentration of acetic acid and reduced populations of yeasts in silage compared to the other silage treatments, and a lower ethanol concentration in the silage. The novel L. buchneri isolate and the commercial inoculant also improved aerobic stability of the sugar cane silages. It was concluded that the addition of the novel inoculants L. buchneri UFLA SIL 72 to sugar cane silage can be recommended.
A new way of reflecting in nursing: the Peshkin Approach
Authors: Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Hughes Sarah Michelle , Murphy Wendy , Parry Laura , Sutton Jade 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle.  A new way of reflecting in nursing: the Peshkin Approach. Aim.  This paper is a report of a new approach to reflection in nursing and demonstrates its positive outcomes for student learning in clinical practice.Background.  Reflection is a popular educational tool in nursing and most traditional reflective models take an incident as the starting point. We have developed a new approach that focuses on subjective thoughts and feelings. We were inspired by the work of Peshkin and his focus on the ‘subjective I’. For this reason, we have termed this new way of reflecting ‘The Peshkin Approach’.Data sources.  Eight nursing students kept a reflective diary during a 6‐week clinical placement in 2008. The focus was on recording their thoughts and feelings. They analysed the diary entries using a systematic approach. The aim was to identify aspects of their subjectivity influencing them in clinical practice.Discussion.  Through analysis of journal entries, the students became aware of the subjective I’s that were influencing their experiences. They found the advantages of the approach to be twofold: increased self‐awareness and enhanced learning.Conclusion.  Maintaining a reflective journal that focuses on subjectivity can enhance the clinical experiences of nursing students. We advocate this new approach as complementary to more traditional forms of reflection and argue for its incorporation into nurse education programmes. In comparison to traditional reflective models that we have used, the Peshkin Approach to Reflection has significant advantages in terms of promoting student learning in clinical practice. We hope the approach can be critiqued and developed further by those interested in enhancing nurse education.
The physiology of predator stress in free‐ranging prey
Authors: Preisser Evan L. 
Published: October 2009

imageM.J. Sheriff, C.J. Krebs & R. Boonstra (2009)The sensitive hare: sublethal effects of predator stress on reproduction in snowshoe hares.Journal of Animal Ecology,78, 1249–1258.Ecologists have only begun to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying individual‐ and population‐level responses of prey‐ to predator‐related stress. Sheriff, Krebs and Boonstra advance this field by providing evidence that predator‐induced increases in glucorticoid concentrations in wild female snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) impact both litter size and offspring condition. They hypothesize that the glucocorticoid‐mediated effects on reproduction provides an adaptive benefit: mothers ‘programming’ their offspring to be timid and risk‐averse in high‐risk environments should increase their survival probability. This research illuminates the connection between stress physiology and population‐level changes and demonstrates the surprisingly far‐reaching impact of predation risk.
A multitrophic perspective on functioning and evolution of facilitation in plant communities
Authors: Van Der Putten Wim H. 
Published: October 2009

Summary1.Plant facilitation has been studied mostly in the context of plant–plant interactions, whereas multitrophic interactions including those that occur below ground have not yet received much attention. Here, I will discuss how above‐ground and below‐ground natural enemies and their predators influence plant facilitation and its evolution.2.Specific above‐ground and below‐ground plant enemies and their predators play a major role in structuring the composition and dynamics of plant communities. In successional sequences, above‐ground and below‐ground multitrophic level interactions may tip the balance from competitive to facilitative states and vice versa.3.Little is known about how above‐ground and below‐ground multitrophic interactions develop along resource or stress gradients and how the outcomes of above‐ground–below‐ground interactions depend on variations in these environmental conditions.4.Facilitated plants need to fit into the above‐ground–below‐ground multitrophic communities of their facilitators.5.Little is known also about the evolution of plant facilitation. The observed distance in phylogeny between facilitators and facilitated plants suggests that host‐specific enemies may very well co‐determine which species become facilitated by which facilitators.6.Further, very little attention has been given to how plant strategies (allelopathy, accumulation of enemies, monopolization of symbionts) may be the result of selection against being facilitative.7.Synthesis. Plant facilitation cannot be understood without considering a plant’s natural enemies and also its enemies’ enemies. Plant enemies can turn competitive interactions into facilitative interactions, whereas the enemies’ enemies can turn facilitation back into competition. Below‐ground interactions will have longer‐lasting effects on facilitation than those above ground, because many organisms can persist in the soil, even when the host plants have disappeared.