bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carryover effect of joint attention to repeated events in chimpanzees and young children
Authors: Okamoto‐Barth Sanae , Moore Chris , Barth Jochen , Subiaul Francys , Povinelli Daniel J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGaze following is a fundamental component of triadic social interaction which includes events and an object shared with other individuals and is found in both human and nonhuman primates. Most previous work has focused only on the immediate reaction after following another’s gaze. In contrast, this study investigated whether gaze following is retained after the observation of the other’s gaze shift, whether this retainment differs between species and age groups, and whether the retainment depends on the nature of the preceding events. In the social condition, subjects (1‐ and 2‐year‐old human children and chimpanzees) witnessed an experimenter who looked and pointed in the direction of a target lamp. In the physical condition, the target lamp blinked but the experimenter did not provide any cues. After a brief delay, we presented the same stimulus again without any cues. All subjects looked again to the target location after experiencing the social condition and thus showed a carryover effect. However, only 2‐year‐olds showed a carryover effect in the physical condition; 1‐year‐olds and chimpanzees did not. Additionally, only human children showed spontaneous interactive actions such as pointing. Our results suggest that the difference between the two age groups and chimpanzees is conceptual and not only quantitative.
Prevalence of obesity and overweight in urban adult Nigerians
Authors: Olatunbosun S. T. , Kaufman J. S. , Bella A. F. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryObesity is increasingly a major health problem in parts of the developing world. It has reached epidemic proportions among Africans living in the Western Hemisphere; similar potential may exist in urban Africa. We explored this possibility in an urban setting in Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation. A screening survey was carried out among randomly selected 998 civil servants, 581 men and 417 women, in Ibadan, a major Nigerian city. Biographical data were collected using standardized questionnaires, and measurements of anthropometric indices, blood pressures and plasma glucose concentration. Obesity and overweight were defined by body mass index based on international criteria. Prevalence of obesity was 8.82% (confidence interval [CI] = 7.13%, 10.75%), overweight 17.45% (CI = 15.12%, 19.95%), and overweight plus obesity = 26.18% (CI = 23.47%, 29.03%). Prevalence of obesity among the women was 17.27% (CI = 13.76%, 21.24%) and for men 2.75% (CI = 1.58%, 4.43%). Among the women 42% were obese or overweight compared with 15% of the male population. Obesity and overweight were associated with higher socioeconomic status. Prevalence of obesity and overweight in the study population is comparable to rates seen in many industrialized countries, and rapidly emerging urbanized populations in Africa.
Uterine rupture in the Netherlands: a nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Zwart JJ , Richters JM , Öry F , de Vries JIP , Bloemenkamp KWM , van Roosmalen J 
Published: September 2010

Objective  To assess incidence of uterine rupture in scarred and unscarred uteri and its maternal and fetal complications in a nationwide design.Design  Population‐based cohort study.Setting  All 98 maternity units in the Netherlands.Population  All women delivering in the Netherlands between August 2004 and August 2006 (n = 371 021).Methods  Women with uterine rupture were prospectively collected using a web‐based notification system. Data from all pregnant women in the Netherlands during the study period were obtained from Dutch population‐based registers. Results were stratified by uterine scar.Main outcome measures  Population‐based incidences, severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, relative and absolute risk estimates.Results  There were 210 cases of uterine rupture (5.9 per 10 000 pregnancies). Of these women, 183 (87.1%) had a uterine scar, incidences being 5.1 and 0.8 per 10 000 in women with and without uterine scar. No maternal deaths and 18 cases of perinatal death (8.7%) occurred. The overall absolute risk of uterine rupture was 1 in 1709. In univariate analysis, women with a prior caesarean, epidural anaesthesia, induction of labour (irrespective of agents used), pre‐ or post‐term pregnancy, overweight, non‐Western ethnic background and advanced age had an elevated risk of uterine rupture. The overall relative risk of induction of labour was 3.6 (95% confidence interval 2.7–4.8).Conclusion  The population‐based incidence of uterine rupture in the Netherlands is comparable with other Western countries. Although much attention is paid to scar rupture associated with uterotonic agents, 13% of ruptures occurred in unscarred uteri and 72% occurred during spontaneous labour.
Inter‐observer agreement in clinical decision‐making for abnormal cardiotocogram (CTG) during labour: a comparison between CTG and CTG plus STAN
Authors: Vayssière C , Tsatsaris V , Pirrello O , Cristini C , Arnaud C , Goffinet F 
Published: September 2010

Objective  To compare inter‐observer agreement for clinical decision‐making with cardiotocography (CTG) and combined CTG with ST‐segment analysis (STAN).Design  Experimental study.Setting  Three hospital obstetrics departments in France.Population  Thirty randomly selected nonreassuring CTG recordings during labour of women with singleton term pregnancies in cephalic position.Methods  Seven obstetricians independently assessed the tracings, displayed in a random order on their computers, on two separate sessions, the first without and the second with STAN information. The observers received clinical information about the labour as the tracings continued and were asked whether they would intervene. For analysis, we considered that intervention was justified for the neonates with pH < 7.05 and that nonintervention was justified for those with a pH > 7.10 after spontaneous delivery.Main outcome measures  Kappa values and rates of inter‐observer agreement for intervention and for nonintervention.Results  Kappa for inter‐observer agreement was 0.50 (0.29–0.69) with CTG, and 0.67 (0.48–0.81) with CTG + STAN. The rate of inter‐observer agreement for the decision to intervene was 73% (68–77%) with CTG and 70% (66–75%) with CTG + STAN (P = 0.4), and for the nonintervention decision it was 48% (42–54%) and 69% (64–74%), respectively (P < 0.0001). The rate of agreement for justified intervention was 94% (91–97%) with CTG and 85% (80–90%) with CTG + STAN (P < 0.001) and for justified nonintervention, 56% (48–63%) with CTG and 84% (79–89%) with CTG + STAN (P < 0.0001).Conclusions  In cases with abnormal CTG, ST analysis may improve consistency in clinical decision‐making and decrease unnecessary interventions, but may also lead on rare occasions to unjustified decisions not to intervene.
Nuclear envelope alterations generate an aging‐like epigenetic pattern in mice deficient in Zmpste24 metalloprotease
Authors: Osorio Fernando G. , Varela Ignacio , Lara Ester , Puente Xose S. , Espada Jesús , Santoro Raffaella , Freije José M. P. , Fraga Mario F. , López‐Otín Carlos 
Published: September 2010

SummaryMutations in the nuclear envelope protein lamin A or in its processing protease ZMPSTE24 cause human accelerated aging syndromes, including Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome. Similarly, Zmpste24‐deficient mice accumulate unprocessed prelamin A and develop multiple progeroid symptoms, thus representing a valuable animal model for the study of these syndromes. Zmpste24‐deficient mice also show marked transcriptional alterations associated with chromatin disorganization, but the molecular links between both processes are unknown. We report herein that Zmpste24‐deficient mice show a hypermethylation of rDNA that reduces the transcription of ribosomal genes, being this reduction reversible upon treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. This alteration has been previously described during physiological aging in rodents, suggesting its potential role in the development of the progeroid phenotypes. We also show that Zmpste24‐deficient mice present global hypoacetylation of histones H2B and H4. By using a combination of RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrate that these histone modifications are associated with changes in the expression of several genes involved in the control of cell proliferation and metabolic processes, which may contribute to the plethora of progeroid symptoms exhibited by Zmpste24‐deficient mice. The identification of these altered genes may help to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying aging and progeroid syndromes as well as to define new targets for the treatment of these dramatic diseases.
Comparing the yeast retrograde response and NF‐κB stress responses: implications for aging
Authors: Srinivasan Visish , Kriete Andres , Sacan Ahmet , Michal Jazwinski S. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe mitochondrial retrograde response has been extensively described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where it has been found to extend life span during times of mitochondrial dysfunction, damage or low nutrient levels. In yeast, the retrograde response genes (RTG) convey these stress responses to the nucleus to change the gene expression adaptively. Similarly, most classes of higher organisms have been shown to have some version of a central stress‐mediating transcription factor, NF‐κB. There have been several modifications along the phylogenetic tree as NF‐κB has taken a larger role in managing cellular stresses. Here, we review similarities and differences in mechanisms and pathways between RTG genes in yeast and NF‐κB as seen in more complex organisms. We perform a structural homology search and reveal similarities of Rtg proteins with eukaryotic transcription factors involved in development and metabolism. NF‐κB shows more sophisticated functions when compared to RTG genes including participation in immune responses and induction of apoptosis under high levels of ROS‐induced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage. Involvement of NF‐κB in chromosomal stability, coregulation of mitochondrial respiration, and cross talk with the TOR (target of rapamycin) pathway points to a conserved mechanism also found in yeast.
The I4895T mutation in the type 1 ryanodine receptor induces fiber‐type specific alterations in skeletal muscle that mimic premature aging
Authors: Boncompagni Simona , Loy Ryan E. , Dirksen Robert T. , Franzini‐Armstrong Clara 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe I4898T (IT) mutation in type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1), the Ca2+ release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is linked to a form of central core disease (CCD) in humans and results in a nonleaky channel and excitation–contraction uncoupling. We characterized age‐dependent and fiber‐type‐dependent alterations in muscle ultrastructure, as well as the magnitude and spatiotemporal properties of evoked Ca2+ release in heterozygous Ryr1I4895T/WT (IT/+) knock‐in mice on a mixed genetic background. The results indicate a classical but mild CCD phenotype that includes muscle weakness and the presence of mitochondrial‐deficient areas in type I fibers. Electrically evoked Ca2+ release is significantly reduced in single flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) fibers from young and old IT/+ mice. Structural changes are strongly fiber‐type specific, affecting type I and IIB/IIX fibers in very distinct ways, and sparing type IIA fibers. Ultrastructural alterations in our IT/+ mice are also present in wild type, but at a lower frequency and older ages, suggesting that the disease mutation on the mixed background promotes an acceleration of normal age‐dependent changes. The observed functional and structural alterations and their similarity to age‐associated changes are entirely consistent with the known properties of the mutated channel, which result in reduced calcium release as is also observed in normal aging muscle. In strong contrast to these observations, a subset of patients with the analogous human heterozygous mutation and IT/+ mice on an inbred 129S2/SvPasCrl background exhibit a more severe disease phenotype, which is not directly consistent with the mutated channel properties.
Chromatin remodeling in the aging genome of Drosophila
Authors: Wood Jason G. , Hillenmeyer Sara , Lawrence Charles , Chang Chengyi , Hosier Suzanne , Lightfoot Will , Mukherjee Eric , Jiang Nan , Schorl Christoph , Brodsky Alexander S. , Neretti Nicola , Helfand Stephen L. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryChromatin structure affects the accessibility of DNA to transcription, repair, and replication. Changes in chromatin structure occur during development, but less is known about changes during aging. We examined the state of chromatin structure and its effect on gene expression during aging in Drosophila at the whole genome and cellular level using whole‐genome tiling microarrays of activation and repressive chromatin marks, whole‐genome transcriptional microarrays and single‐cell immunohistochemistry. We found dramatic reorganization of chromosomal regions with age. Mapping of H3K9me3 and HP1 signals to fly chromosomes reveals in young flies the expected high enrichment in the pericentric regions, the 4th chromosome, and islands of facultative heterochromatin dispersed throughout the genome. With age, there is a striking reduction in this enrichment resulting in a nearly equivalent level of H3K9me3 and HP1 in the pericentric regions, the 4th chromosome, facultative heterochromatin, and euchromatin. These extensive changes in repressive chromatin marks are associated with alterations in age‐related gene expression. Large‐scale changes in repressive marks with age are further substantiated by single‐cell immunohistochemistry that shows changes in nuclear distribution of H3K9me3 and HP1 marks with age. Such epigenetic changes are expected to directly or indirectly impinge upon important cellular functions such as gene expression, DNA repair, and DNA replication. The combination of genome‐wide approaches such as whole‐genome chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptional studies in conjunction with single‐cell immunohistochemistry as shown here provide a first step toward defining how changes in chromatin may contribute to the process of aging in metazoans.
Retrospective evaluation of clinical outcomes in subjects with split‐thickness skin graft: comparing V.A.C.®therapy and conventional therapy in foot and ankle reconstructive surgeries
Authors: Blume Peter A , Key Jonathan J , Thakor Pratapji , Thakor Sejal , Sumpio Bauer 
Published: September 2010

This retrospective study compared the clinical outcomes of negative pressure wound therapy with reticulated open cell foam (NPWT/ROCF) as delivered by Vacuum‐Assisted Therapy®(V.A.C.®Therapy, KCI Licensing Inc., San Antonio, TX) to non‐NPWT/ROCF conventional therapy (CT) in split‐thickness skin graft (STSG) survival in all patients to determine whether NPWT/ROCF affects the outcome of the graft survival, in terms of overall graft take, duration of graft take, repeated grafts and complications.The authors conducted a 10‐year retrospective review of 142 patients admitted to a level I trauma centre and treated with an STSG in foot and ankle reconstructive surgeries. Demographic data, wound etiology, dressing type used, time to graft take, NPWT/ROCF duration, complications and outpatient treatments were analysed. There were significantly fewer repeated STSGs required in the NPWT/ROCF group compared to CT [n= 3 (3·5%) versusn= 9 (16%);P= 0·006]. In assessing safety, there were fewer complications in graft failure (seroma, hematoma and infection) in the NPWT/ROCF group as compared to the CT group at 8·9 months (range: 1–12 months). NPWT/ROCF is an excellent alternative for securing an STSG and is associated with improved graft survival as measured by a reduction in the number of repeated STSGs and graft failure complications.
Near-infrared studies of the 2010 outburst of the recurrent nova U Scorpii
Authors: Banerjee D. P. K. , Das R. K. , Ashok N. M. , Rushton M. T. , Eyres S. P. S. , Maxwell M. P. , Worters H. L. , Evans A. , Schaefer B. E. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We present near-infrared (near-IR) observations of the 2010 outburst of U Sco. JHK photometry is presented on 10 consecutive days starting from 0.59 d after outburst. Such photometry can gainfully be integrated into a larger data base of other multiwavelength data which aim to comprehensively study the evolution of U Sco. Early near-IR spectra, starting from 0.56 d after outburst, are presented and their general characteristics discussed. Early in the eruption, we see very broad wings in several spectral lines, with tails extending up to ∼10 000 km s−1 along the line of sight; it is unexpected to have a nova with ejection velocities equal to those usually thought to be exclusive to supernovae. From recombination analysis, we estimate an upper limit of for the ejected mass.
MASS TRANSFER KINETICS DURING CONVECTIVE DRYING OF RED PEPPER VAR. HUNGARIAN (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.): MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND EVALUATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS
Authors: VEGA‐GÁLVEZ A. , LEMUS‐MONDACA R. , BILBAO‐SÁINZ C. , YAGNAM F. , ROJAS A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) var. Hungarian were dried at five inlet temperatures 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90C at a constant air velocity of 2.0 m/s. The equations of Newton, Henderson–Pabis, Page, Modified Page and Wang–Singh were tested for modeling drying kinetics. Besides, three newly empirical models were proposed on this study. The fit quality of the models was evaluated using linear determination coefficient, sum squared errors and chi‐square statisticals. The diffusivity increased from 0.702 to 3.783 × 10−10 m2/s, showing the effect of temperature on this parameter, and with the Arrhenius‐type equation, an activation energy of 40.80 kJ/mol was obtained for the temperature range studied. In comparing the experimental moisture values with those calculated, it was shown that the Wang–Singh model gave the best fit quality, concluding that this equation is optimal for simulating drying kinetics as well as estimating drying time of this product.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe main utility of this study is the appliance of the empirical models using Newton, Henderson–Pabis, Page, Modified Page, Wang–Singh and diffusional equations in food dehydration, which can be considered a basis for a very accurate estimation of drying time. In this research, three newly mathematical models are proposed for the study of drying kinetics of food products, through which a good fit on the data of experimental moisture content was achieved. The study of drying kinetics of red pepper var. Hungarian engages a great technological interest, as this product is used in the development of paprika worldwide.In addition, dried red pepper var. Hungarian and others dried pepper exports from Chile have become especially important, including raisins, prunes and apples. The major markets for these products include the USA, the European community and Japan.
Subconvexity for a double Dirichlet series
Authors: Blomer Valentin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFor two real characters ψ,ψ′ of conductor dividing 8 define where $\chi _d = (\frac {d}{.})$ and the subscript 2 denotes the fact that the Euler factor at 2 has been removed. These double Dirichlet series can be extended to $\Bbb {C}^2$ possessing a group of functional equations isomorphic to D12. The convexity bound for Z(s,w;ψ,ψ′) is |sw(s+w)|1/4+ε for ℜs=ℜw=1/2. It is proved that Moreover, the following mean square Lindelöf-type bound holds: for any Y1,Y2≥1.
Modular compactifications of the space of pointed elliptic curves I
Authors: Smyth David Ishii 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe introduce a sequence of isolated curve singularities, the elliptic m-fold points, and an associated sequence of stability conditions, generalizing the usual definition of Deligne–Mumford stability. For every pair of integers 1≤m<n, we prove that the moduli problem of n-pointed m-stable curves of arithmetic genus one is representable by a proper irreducible Deligne–Mumford stack $\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{1,n}(m)$. We also consider weighted variants of these stability conditions, and construct the corresponding moduli stacks $\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{1,\mathcal {A}}(m)$. In forthcoming work, we will prove that these stacks have projective coarse moduli and use the resulting spaces to give a complete description of the log minimal model program for $\overline {M}_{1,n}$.
Are there risk factors for snowboard injuries? A case-control multicentre study of 559 snowboarders
Authors: Hasler Rebecca M , Berov Simeon , Benneker Lorin , Dubler Simon , Spycher Jonathan , Heim Dominik , Zimmermann Heinz , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K 
Published: September 2010

ObjectiveTo analyse risk factors leading to injuries during snowboarding.DesignA case–control multicentre survey of injured and non-injured snowboarders.SettingOne tertiary and two secondary trauma centres in Bern, Switzerland.MethodsAll snowboard injuries admitted to our tertiary and two affiliated secondary trauma centres from 1 November 2007 to 15 April 2008 were analysed on the basis of a completed questionnaire incorporating 15 variables. The same questionnaire was applied in non-injured controls at valley stations after a snowboarding day during the same period. A multiple logistic regression was performed (dichotomous variables). Patterns of combined risk factors were calculated by inference trees.Results306 patients and 253 controls were interviewed. The following variables were statistically significant for the injured patients: low readiness for speed (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.64, p=0.0037), bad weather/visibility (OR 19.06, 95% CI 2.70 to 134.73, p=0.0031) and old snow (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.68, p=0.0323). Not wearing a helmet and riding on icy slopes emerged as a combination of risk factors associated with injury.ConclusionsSeveral risk factors and combinations exist, and different risk profiles were identified. Future research should be aimed at more precise identification of groups at risk and developing specific recommendations for each group—for example, a snow-weather conditions index at valley stations.
A Combined Climate Extremes Index for the Australian Region
Authors: Gallant Ailie J. E. , Karoly David J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Changes in the area of Australia experiencing concurrent temperature and rainfall extremes are investigated through the use of two combined indices. The indices describe variations between the fraction of land area experiencing extreme cold and dry or hot and wet conditions. There is a high level of agreement between the variations and trends of the indices from 1957 to 2008 when computed using (i) a spatially complete gridded dataset without rigorous quality control checks and (ii) spatially incomplete high-quality station datasets with rigorous quality control checks. Australian extremes are examined starting from 1911, which is the first time a broad-scale assessment of Australian temperature extremes has been performed prior to 1957. Over the whole country, the results show an increase in the extent of hot and wet extremes and a decrease in the extent of cold and dry extremes annually and during all seasons from 1911 to 2008 at a rate of between 1% and 2% decade−1. These trends mostly stem from changes in tropical regions during summer and spring. There are relationships between the extent of extreme maximum temperatures, precipitation, and soil moisture on interannual and decadal time scales that are similar to the relationships exhibited by variations of the means. However, the trends from 1911 to 2008 and from 1957 to 2008 are not consistent with these relationships, providing evidence that the processes causing the interannual variations and those causing the longer-term trends are different.