bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressive Effect of Insulin Infusion on Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors
Authors: Ghanim Husam , Korzeniewski Kelly , Sia Chang Ling , Abuaysheh Sanaa , Lohano Teekam , Chaudhuri Ajay , Dandona Paresh 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVEIn view of the previously described anti-inflammatory effects of insulin, we investigated the potential suppressive effect of insulin on plasma concentrations and expression of the chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and their receptors, chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 and CCR-5, in mononuclear cells (MNCs). We also investigated the effect of insulin on other chemokines.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTen obese type 2 diabetic patients were infused with insulin (2 units/h with 100 ml of 5% dextrose/h) for 4 h. Another 8 and 6 type 2 diabetic patients were infused with 100 ml of 5% dextrose/h or saline for 4 h, respectively, and served as control subjects. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h.RESULTSInsulin infusion significantly suppressed the plasma concentrations of MCP-1, eotaxin, and RANTES and the expression of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, CCR-2, and CCR-5 in MNCs at 2 and 4 h. Dextrose and saline infusions did not alter these indexes.CONCLUSIONSA low-dose infusion of insulin suppresses the plasma concentration of key chemokines, MCP-1, and RANTES, and the expression of their respective receptors, CCR-2 and CCR-5, in MNCs. Insulin also suppresses the expression of RANTES and MIP-1β in MNCs. These actions probably contribute to the comprehensive anti-inflammatory effect of insulin.
A 24-Week, Randomized, Treat-to-Target Trial Comparing Initiation of Insulin Glargine Once-Daily With Insulin Detemir Twice-Daily in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Glucose-Lowering Drugs
Authors: Swinnen Sanne G. , Dain Marie-Paule , Aronson Ronnie , Davies Melanie , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Pfeiffer Andreas F. , Snoek Frank J. , DeVries J. Hans , Hoekstra Joost B. , Holleman Frits 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether glargine is noninferior to detemir regarding the percentage of patients reaching A1C &lt;7% without symptomatic hypoglycemia ≤3.1 mmol/l.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this 24-week trial, 973 insulin-naive type 2 diabetic patients on stable oral glucose-lowering drugs with A1C 7.0–10.5% were randomized to glargine once daily or detemir twice daily. Insulin doses were systematically titrated.

RESULTS
27.5 and 25.6% of patients reached the primary outcome with glargine and detemir, respectively, demonstrating the noninferiority of glargine. Improvements in A1C were −1.46 ± 1.09% for glargine and −1.54 ± 1.11% for detemir (P = 0.149), with similar proportions of patients achieving A1C &lt;7% (P = 0.254) but more detemir-treated patients reaching A1C &lt;6.5% (P = 0.017). Hypoglycemia risk was similar. Weight gain was higher for glargine (difference: 0.77 kg, P &lt; 0.001). Glargine doses were lower than detemir doses: 43.5 ± 29.0 vs. 76.5 ± 50.5 units/day (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
In insulin-naive type 2 diabetic patients, glargine reached similar control as detemir, with more weight gain, but required significantly lower doses.
Prevention of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Using Predictive Alarm Algorithms and Insulin Pump Suspension
Authors: Buckingham Bruce , Chase H. Peter , Dassau Eyal , Cobry Erin , Clinton Paula , Gage Victoria , Caswell Kimberly , Wilkinson John , Cameron Fraser , Lee Hyunjin , Bequette B. Wayne , Doyle Francis J. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to develop a partial closed-loop system to safely prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia by suspending insulin delivery when hypoglycemia is predicted in type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Forty subjects with type 1 diabetes (age range 12–39 years) were studied overnight in the hospital. For the first 14 subjects, hypoglycemia (&lt;60 mg/dl) was induced by gradually increasing the basal insulin infusion rate (without the use of pump shutoff algorithms). During the subsequent 26 patient studies, pump shutoff occurred when either three of five (n = 10) or two of five (n = 16) algorithms predicted hypoglycemia based on the glucose levels measured with the FreeStyle Navigator (Abbott Diabetes Care).

RESULTS
The standardized protocol induced hypoglycemia on 13 (93%) of the 14 nights. With use of a voting scheme that required three algorithms to trigger insulin pump suspension, nocturnal hypoglycemia was prevented during 6 (60%) of 10 nights. When the voting scheme was changed to require only two algorithms to predict hypoglycemia to trigger pump suspension, hypoglycemia was prevented during 12 (75%) of 16 nights. In the latter study, there were 25 predictions of hypoglycemia because some subjects had multiple hypoglycemic events during a night, and hypoglycemia was prevented for 84% of these events.

CONCLUSIONS
Using algorithms to shut off the insulin pump when hypoglycemia is predicted, it is possible to prevent hypoglycemia on 75% of nights (84% of events) when it would otherwise be predicted to occur.
Optimal Definitions for Abdominal Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Andean Hispanics: The PREVENCION Study
Authors: Medina-Lezama Josefina , Pastorius Catherine A. , Zea-Diaz Humberto , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio , Corrales-Medina Fernando , Morey-Vargas Oscar Leopoldo , Chirinos Diana Andrea , Muñoz-Atahualpa Edgar , Chirinos-Pacheco Julio , Chirinos Julio Alonso ,   on behalf of the PREVENCION Investigators
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to establish optimal definitions for abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Andean adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among 1,448 Andean adults, we assessed the relationship between waist circumference and subclinical vascular disease assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and manifest cardiovascular disease (M-CVD).

RESULTS
Optimal waist circumference cutoffs to classify individuals with abnormal cIMT or M-CVD were &gt;97 and &gt;87 cm in men and women, respectively. With these cutoffs, there was substantial disagreement between the original American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) and the recently updated MetS definition, particularly among men (κ = 0.85). Subjects with MetS identified by the updated definition but not meeting the original AHA/NHLBI MetS criteria demonstrated significantly increased cIMT (P &lt; 0.001) compared with subjects who did not meet the MetS criteria by either definition.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support the use of ethnic-specific waist circumference cutoffs and the updated MetS definition in Andean adults.
Sonographic quantification of endometrial changes after abortion with computer‐assisted image analysis
Authors: CHOU SZU‐YUAN , CHEN CHIH‐YEN , HSU MING‐I , CHOW PUI‐KI , HSU CHUN‐SEN , CHIANG HUIHUA KENNY 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective. To examine the diagnostic feasibility of sonographic gray scale histograms to assess changes in the endometrium following abortion induced by mifepristone and misoprostol. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. Taipei Medical University‐Wan Fang academic medical center. Population or sample. A total of 109 patients who matched eligibility criteria were divided into three groups: (a) complete abortion, (b) normal menstrual cycles, and (c) incomplete abortion. Methods. Ultrasonographic examination of the uterus with fixed settings on each patient and sonographic gray scale histograms with image analysis software, using multivariate analysis by the partial least square model. Main outcome measures. Thickness, brightness, area and distribution of pixels of the endometrium and its contents. Results. The groups could be discriminated (p < 0.01, Kruskal–Wallis test) using the analyzed gray scale histograms. The classification between complete and incomplete abortion reached 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusions. Partial least square analysis of gray scale histograms of the endometrium in ultrasonographic images is useful in assessing endometrial changes.
Single-session endovascular treatment for symptomatic lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: a feasibility study
Authors: Kim Byung Joon , Chung Hwan Hoon , Lee Seung Hwa , Je Bo Kyung , Lee Young Heon , Seo Bo Kyoung , Kim Baek Hyun , Cha Sang Hoon 
Published: March 2010

Background: The risk of complications and discomfort in patients who undergo prolonged infusion of a thrombolytic agent is significant when conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis is used to treat lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of single-session endovascular treatment for symptomatic lower extremity DVT. Material and Methods: Single-session endovascular treatment for lower extremity DVT was performed on 29 limbs in 26 patients diagnosed with acute DVT in our institution. Nine patients were male and 17 female, with a mean age of 64 years (range 28–82 years). At 5–10 min after the locoregional injection of the thrombolytic agent (urokinase) via a 5-Fr catheter to soften the thrombus, aspiration thrombectomy was performed with a large-bore sheath. In patients with an underlying anatomical stenosis or obstruction, combined angioplasty with or without stent placement was performed immediately after the complete removal of the thrombus. We then evaluated the technical and clinical outcomes of the procedure, along with any complications or recurrences of DVT. Results: Technical success was achieved in 24 procedures (82.8%) of single-session endovascular treatment for lower extremity DVT, and clinical success was achieved in 22 (75.9%) of these single-session procedures. Additional catheter-directed thrombolysis procedures were performed on five limbs after repeated aspiration thrombectomies failed to completely remove thrombi in those limbs. Stenotic or occlusive lesions were revealed in 24 limbs and percutaneous angioplasty procedures with or without stent placement were performed in these cases. No major complications resulted from the procedure. Conclusion: Single-session endovascular treatment is a feasible technique that provides acceptable technical and clinical success with excellent safety for treating symptomatic lower extremity DVT.
Book Review
Authors: Dormagen Johann B. 
Published: March 2010

Emergency Radiology: The Requisites. By J. A. Soto and B. C. Lucey. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier, 2009. ISBN 978-0-323-05407-2. 397 pages. Price (hardcover): € 75. Emergency Radiology Case Review Series. By S. E. Mirvis, K. Shanmuganathan, L. Miller, and C. Sliker. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-04957-3. 415 pages. Price (paperback): €39.
Using the NCBI Map Viewer to Browse Genomic Sequence Data
Authors: Wolfsberg Tyra G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis unit includes a Basic Protocol with an introduction to the Map Viewer, describing how to perform a simple text‐based search of genome annotations to view the genomic context of a gene, navigate along a chromosome, zoom in and out, and change the displayed maps to hide and show information. It also describes some of NCBI's sequence‐analysis tools, which are provided as links from the Map Viewer. The Alternate Protocols describe different ways to query the genome sequence, and also illustrate additional features of the Map Viewer. Alternate Protocol 1 shows how to perform and interpret the results of a BLAST search against the human genome. Alternate Protocol 2 demonstrates how to retrieve a list of all genes between two STS markers. Finally, Alternate Protocol 3 shows how to find all annotated members of a gene family. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 29:1.5.1‐1.5.25. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using the DFCI Gene Index Databases for Biological Discovery
Authors: Antonescu Corina , Antonescu Valentin , Sultana Razvan , Quackenbush John 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe DFCI Gene Index Web pages provide access to analyses of ESTs and gene sequences for nearly 114 species, as well as a number of resources derived from these. Each species‐specific database is presented using a common format with a home page. A variety of methods exist that allow users to search each species‐specific database. Methods implemented currently include nucleotide or protein sequence queries using WU‐BLAST, text‐based searches using various sequence identifiers, searches by gene, tissue and library name, and searches using functional classes through Gene Ontology assignments. This protocol provides guidance for using the Gene Index Databases to extract information. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 29:1.6.1‐1.6.36. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Computing Multiple Sequence/Structure Alignments with the T‐Coffee Package
Authors: Notredame Cedric 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this unit, we describe assembly of a multiple sequence alignment using the T‐Coffee package. T‐Coffee is much more flexible than most related methods (e.g., ClustalW) because it makes it possible to combine many alternative alignments into a single one, based on an estimate of consistency between these alignments. This strategy can be especially useful when one has to decide among the output produced by several alternative methods.Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 29:3.8.1‐3.8.25. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Surrealistic Exuberance – Dark Matters
Authors: Spiller Neil 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFor Neil Spiller, there is a current vacuum in much of contemporary parametric design. It is devoid of embodied cultural experience and character. Much can be learnt by rediscovering the dark matter of Baroque and Surrealistic art and architecture, which through repressed eroticism optimised on the simultaneous presence of the secular and the profane ‐ the heaving physicality of the everyday world and the repressed strictures of the Catholic church. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exuberance, I Don't Know; Excess, I Like
Authors: Alonso Hernan Diaz 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHernan Diaz Alonso redefines ‘excess’ and ‘exuberance’ on his own terms. Fully au fait and comfortable with the excessive, he describes how in relation to his own work he views excess as more of a tendency or a logic, which sums up his approach; whereas he perceives the exuberant as removed from the design process and more like an ‘adjective’, an ‘emerging quality’ observed by others. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extreme Integration
Authors: Wiscombe Tom 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTom Wiscombe advances an argument for an architecture of ‘extreme integration’, where the sanctity of the single surface responsible solely for affect is challenged by multilayered and multidimensional built surfaces. The new species of architecture is ‘robust enough to be both formally and technologically innovative’, replacing a mechanistic model with a biological jungle ecology of messiness and excess. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultivating Smartcities
Authors: Lim CJ 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOn 9 April 2009, Michelle Obama planted the first seedlings of onion, lettuce, peas and peppers in the 102‐square‐metre (1,100‐square‐foot) White House Kitchen Garden. She may have planted the green shoots for a smartcity. CJ Lim, author of Smartcities + Eco‐warriors (Routledge, 2010), describes sustainable urban developments in the form of smartcities – a new urban exuberance reintegrating cultivated land within an urban economic and ecological context system. These verdant edible edifices of urban spatial theatre are aesthetically and culturally engaging. Soliciting an emotional as well as intellectual response they have the potential to connect with the public and involve them in the architectural possibilities of the city. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leading Lady: Monica Pidgeon, Editor of Architectural Design, 1946 to 1975
Authors: Murray Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPeter Murray pays tribute to Monica Pidgeon (1913‐2009). Editor of Architectural Design for almost three decades, Monica was responsible for establishing Architectural Design as the premier international architectural magazine. Murray highlights her immense contribution to architecture over the years, as well as evoking the experience of working for Monica as one of her ‘boys’, or technical editors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution Processable Fluorenyl Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and Solar Cells
Authors: Wong Wallace W. H. , Singh T. Birendra , Vak Doojin , Pisula Wojciech , Yan Chao , Feng Xinliang , Williams Evan L. , Chan Khai Leok , Mao Qinghui , Jones David J. , Ma Chang‐Qi , Müllen Klaus , Bäuerle Peter , Holmes Andrew B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe organization of organic semiconductor molecules in the active layer of organic electronic devices has important consequences to overall device performance. This is due to the fact that molecular organization directly affects charge carrier mobility of the material. Organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) performance is driven by high charge carrier mobility while bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells require balanced hole and electron transport. By investigating the properties and device performance of three structural variations of the fluorenyl hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (FHBC) material, the importance of molecular organization to device performance was highlighted. It is clear from 1H NMR and 2D wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (2D WAXS) experiments that the sterically demanding 9,9‐dioctylfluorene groups are preventing π–π intermolecular contact in the hexakis‐substituted FHBC 4. For bis‐substituted FHBC compounds 5 and 6, π–π intermolecular contact was observed in solution and hexagonal columnar ordering was observed in solid state. Furthermore, in atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments, nanoscale phase separation was observed in thin films of FHBC and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) blends. The differences in molecular and bulk structural features were found to correlate with OFET and BHJ solar cell performance. Poor OFET and BHJ solar cells devices were obtained for FHBC compound 4 while compounds 5 and 6 gave excellent devices. In particular, the field‐effect mobility of FHBC 6, deposited by spin‐casting, reached 2.8 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s and a power conversion efficiency of 1.5% was recorded for the BHJ solar cell containing FHBC 6 and PC61BM.
Palladium‐Catalysed Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatics Bearing Unprotected Hydroxyalkyl Functions using Aryl Bromides
Authors: Roger Julien , Požgan Franc , Doucet Henri 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHeteroaromatics bearing unprotected hydroxyalkyl functions can be arylated using aryl or heteroaryl bromides, via palladium‐catalysed carbon‐hydrogen bond activation/arylation. Good yields were generally obtained using 0.01–0.5 mol% of the air‐stable palladium acetate complex as the catalyst. The nature of the base was found to be crucial for the selectivity of this reaction. Potassium acetate led to the direct arylation products whereas caesium carbonate led to the formation of the ether. This procedure is certainly more atom‐economic than other methods for the preparation of such compounds, as no protection/deprotection sequence of the hydroxyalkyl function and no preparation of an organometallic derivative is required.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Mediated Organocatalytic Transfer of Tin onto Aldehydes: New Access to α‐Silyloxyalkylstannanes and γ‐Silyloxyallylstannanes
Authors: Blanc Romain , Commeiras Laurent , Parrain Jean‐Luc 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new, highly efficient and mild N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐mediated organocatalytic procedure for the transfer of tin from tributyl(trimethylsilyl)stannane (Bu3SnSiMe3) onto aldehydes for the preparation of α‐silyloxyalkylstannanes and γ‐silyloxyallylstannanes has been developed.
A glance to the past: subfossils, stable isotopes, seed dispersal, and lemur species loss in Southern Madagascar
Authors: Crowley Brooke E. , Godfrey Laurie R. , Irwin Mitchell T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Spiny Thicket Ecoregion (STE) of Southern and southwestern Madagascar was recently home to numerous giant lemurs and other “megafauna,” including pygmy hippopotamuses, giant tortoises, elephant birds, and large euplerid carnivores. Following the arrival of humans more than 2,000 years ago, dramatic extinctions occurred. Only one‐third of the lemur species which earlier occupied the STE survive today; other taxa suffered even greater losses. We use stable isotope biogeochemistry to reconstruct past diets and habitat preferences of the recently extinct lemurs of the STE. We show that the extinct lemurs occupied a wide range of niches, often distinct from those filled by coeval non‐primates. Many of the now‐extinct lemurs regularly exploited habitats that were drier than the gallery forests in which the remaining lemurs of this ecoregion are most often protected and studied. Most fed predominantly on C3 plants and some were likely the main dispersers of the large seeds of native C3 trees; others included CAM and/or C4 plants in their diets. These new data suggest that the recent extinctions have likely had significant ecological ramifications for the communities and ecosystems of Southern and southwestern Madagascar. Am. J. Primatol. 73:25–37, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of early rearing conditions on problem‐solving skill in captive male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Morimura Naruki , Mori Yusuke 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEarly rearing conditions of captive chimpanzees characterize behavioral differences in tool use, response to novelty, and sexual and maternal competence later in life. Restricted rearing conditions during early life hinder the acquisition and execution of such behaviors, which characterize the daily life of animals. This study examined whether rearing conditions affect adult male chimpanzees' behavior skills used for solving a problem with acquired locomotion behavior. Subjects were 13 male residents of the Chimpanzee Sanctuary Uto: 5 wild‐born and 8 captive‐born. A pretest assessed bed building and tool use abilities to verify behavioral differences between wild‐ and captive‐born subjects, as earlier reports have described. Second, a banana‐access test was conducted to investigate the problem‐solving ability of climbing a bamboo pillar for accessing a banana, which might be the most efficient food access strategy for this setting. The test was repeated in a social setting. Results show that wild‐born subjects were better able than captive‐born subjects to use the provided materials for bed building and tool use. Results of the banana‐access test show that wild‐born subjects more frequently used a bamboo pillar for obtaining a banana with an efficient strategy than captive‐born subjects did. Of the eight captive‐born subjects, six avoided the bamboo pillars to get a banana and instead used, sometimes in a roundabout way, an iron pillar or fence. Results consistently underscored the adaptive and sophisticated skills of wild‐born male chimpanzees in problem‐solving tasks. The rearing conditions affected both the behavior acquisition and the execution of behaviors that had already been acquired. Am. J. Primatol. 72:626–633, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.