bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Dysplasia in Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Paliobeis Christos P. , Villar Richard N. 
Published: April 2011

It is unknown how often femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) and hip dysplasia co-exist and which is more important in the development of intra-articular lesions such as labral tears. This study identified the prevalence of dysplasia on standard radiographs in a group of 76 consecutive patients with symptomatic FAI. The centre-edge (CE) angle of Wiberg, the acetabular angle (AA) of Sharp, FAI type, offset ratio and posterior wall sign were identified. 63 patients, predominantly young adult males (mean age: 34.6 years; 10:4 male-to-female ratio), met our inclusion criteria. Most females (13:18) showed signs of dysplasia based on the AA. No association of dysplasia with FAI group, offset ratio or posterior wall sign was found. 47% of our patients with FAI also had radiographic evidence of dysplasia (3–15% definite and 9–30% borderline, depending on the angle utilised). Surgery for FAI should therefore take into account the presence of co-existing dysplasia. Conversely, surgery for dysplasia should take into consideration the co-existence of FAI. The prime cause of labral pathology in the presence of dysplasia may be co-existent FAI and the latter problem may demand priority, not the former.
Preparation and Analysis of Glycan Microarrays
Authors: Heimburg‐Molinaro Jamie , Song Xuezheng , Smith David F. , Cummings Richard D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDetermination of the binding specificity of glycan‐binding proteins (GBPs), such as lectins, antibodies, and receptors, has traditionally been difficult and laborious. The advent of glycan microarrays has revolutionized the field of glycobiology by allowing simultaneous screening of a GBP for interactions with a large set of glycans in a single format. This unit describes the theory and method for production of two types of glycan microarrays (chemo/enzymatically synthesized and naturally derived), and their application to functional glycomics to explore glycan recognition by GBPs. These procedures are amenable to various types of arrays and a wide range of GBP samples. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 64:12.10.1‐12.10.29. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays: Versatile Tools for Array‐Based Functional Protein Studies
Authors: Miersch Shane , LaBaer Joshua 
Published: April 2011

AbstractProtein microarrays offer a global perspective on the function of expressed gene products. However, technical issues related to the stability and dynamic range of microarrays printed with purified protein have hampered their widespread adoption. Taking an alternate approach, the Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Array (NAPPA) is constructed by spotting protein‐encoding plasmid DNA at high density, in addressable fashion, on an array surface. Proteins are subsequently generated in situ just prior to experimentation using cell‐free expression systems. As such, the NAPPA platform offers a unique and viable alternative that circumvents many of the inherent limitations of spotted protein arrays, enabling diverse functional protein studies including protein–small molecule, protein‐protein, antigen‐antibody, and protein–nucleic acid interactions. It further offers a versatile and adaptable platform amenable to a variety of capture modalities and expression systems, and, most importantly, construction of the array is accessible to any lab with an array printer and laser slide scanner. This unit is intended to provide a reference for investigators wishing to generate arrays based on this platform, and details (1) the basic construction of cDNA‐based protein microarrays from DNA isolation to printing and development, (2) quality‐control efforts taken to ensure the usefulness and integrity of microarray data, and (3) a particular example of the application of self‐assembling protein arrays to screen for blood‐borne antibody biomarkers. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 64:27.2.1‐27.2.26. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Influence of Transport Mechanisms on Macrosegregation Formation in Direct Chill Cast Industrial Scale Aluminum Alloy Ingots
Authors: Založnik Miha , Kumar Arvind , Combeau Hervé , Bedel Marie , Jarry Philippe , Waz Emmanuel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe phenomena responsible for the formation of macrosegregations and grain structures during solidification are closely related. We present a model study of macrosegregation formation in an industrial sized (350 mm thick) direct chill (DC) cast aluminum alloy slab. The modeling of these phenomena in DC casting is a challenging problem mainly due to the size of the products, the variety of the phenomena to be accounted for, and the nonlinearities involved. We used a volume‐averaged two‐phase multiscale model that describes nucleation on grain refiner particles and grain growth, fully coupled with macroscopic transport: fluid flow driven by natural convection and shrinkage, transport of free‐floating equiaxed grains, heat transfer, and solute transport. The individual and combined roles of shrinkage, natural convection, and grain motion on the sump profile and macrosegregation formation are analyzed. The formation and evolution of grains are discussed. We show that it is important to account for all the named transport mechanisms to be able to explain the macrosegregation pattern observed experimentally in DC cast ingots.
Localized Ligand Induced Electroless Plating (LIEP) Process for the Fabrication of Copper Patterns Onto Flexible Polymer Substrates
Authors: Garcia Alexandre , Polesel‐Maris Jérôme , Viel Pascal , Palacin Serge , Berthelot Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe “ligand induced electroless plating (LIEP) process” is a simple process to obtain localized metal plating onto flexible polymers such as poly(ethylene terephtalate) and polyvinylidene fluoride sheets. This generic and cost‐effective process, efficient on any common polymer surface, is based on the covalent grafting by the GraftFast process of a thin chelating polymer film, such as poly(acrylic acid), which can complex copper ions. The entrapped copper ions are then chemically reduced in situ and the resulting Cu0 species act as a seed layer for the electroless copper growth which, thus, starts inside the host polymer. The present work focuses on the application of the LIEP process to the patterning of localized metallic tracks via two simple lithographic methods. The first is based on a standard photolithography process using a positive photoresist masking to prevent the covalent grafting of PAA in designated areas of the polymer substrate. In the second, the patterning is performed by direct printing of the mask with a commercial laser printer. In both cases, the mask was lifted off before the copper electroless plating step, which provides ecological benefits, since only the amount of copper necessary for the metallic patterning is used.
Complex Faraday Rotation in Microstructured Magneto‐optical Fiber Waveguides
Authors: Schmidt Markus A. , Wondraczek Lothar , Lee Ho W. , Granzow Nicolai , Da Ning , Russell Philip St. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMagneto‐optical glasses are of considerable current interest, primarily for applications in fiber circuitry, optical isolation, all‐optical diodes, optical switching and modulation. While the benchmark materials are still crystalline, glasses offer a variety of unique advantages, such as very high rare‐earth and heavy‐metal solubility and, in principle, the possibility of being produced in fiber form. In comparison to conventional fiber‐drawing processes, pressure‐assisted melt‐filling of microcapillaries or photonic crystal fibers with magneto‐optical glasses offers an alternative route to creating complex waveguide architectures from unusual combinations of glasses. For instance, strongly diamagnetic tellurite or chalcogenide glasses with high refractive index can be combined with silica in an all‐solid, microstructured waveguide. This promises the implementation of as‐yet‐unsuitable but strongly active glass candidates as fiber waveguides, for example in photonic crystal fibers.
Grafting onto carbohydrate polymer using novel potassium persulfate/tetramethylethylene diamine redox system for initiating grafting
Authors: Mostafa KH. M. , Samarkandy Abdul Rahim , El‐Sanabary A. A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStarch as one of the most abundant, renewable, low‐cost, and biodegradable carbohydrate polymers worldwide suffers from some drawbacks: The most important one is that it lacks properties of synthetic polymers. So, modification of starch by graft copolymerization will provide a substantial modification route to alter physical and chemical properties of starch, thereby increasing its utilization, by attaching a flexible synthetic polymer onto the rigid natural polysaccharide backbone without greatly changing the latter. In addition to the main disadvantage of the above technique, the high percentage of homopolymer and low percentage of grafting are other disadvantages. At this point, our research team focused on how to maximize the graft yields and graft reaction efficiency percentage, minimize the homopolymer percentage, as well as enhance the water solubility of the prepared copolymers. Based on the results obtained, appropriate conditions for grafting methacrylic acid onto pregelled starch were established and the graft yield was higher under the following conditions: 10 mmol/L potassium persulfate (KPS); 8 mmol/L tetramethylethylene diamine (TMEDA) 50% methacrylic acid concentration (based on weight of substrate); liquor ratio, 10; reaction time, 60 min; and polymerization temperature, 60°C. On the other hand, grafting was significantly enhanced by adding Fe3+, Cu2+, and Li+ in the grafting media and it follows the following order: Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Li+, in addition to the solubility percentage. Approximately 37.5% graft yield and 75% graft reaction efficiency as well as 25% homopolymerization were obtained when methacrylic acid was graft copolymerized onto pregelled starch as a reactive carbohydrate polymer using a new redox initiation system, namely KPS/TMEDA redox pair. Furthermore, a notable enhancement was observed in solubility percentage of grafted samples with lower graft yields than that of the higher one. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30: 138–149, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20210
Blending polylactic acid with polyhydroxybutyrate: The effect on thermal, mechanical, and biodegradation properties
Authors: Zhang Min , Thomas Noreen L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBlends of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) at a number of different PLA/PHB weight ratios (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100) have been prepared by melt compounding. The morphology, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and biodegradation behavior of these blends have been investigated. The results indicate that PLA/PHB blends are immiscible but exhibit molecular interaction. PHB is highly crystallizable, and it enhances the recrystallization of PLA and consequently increases the heat distortion temperature. Adding PLA to PHB improves the mechanical properties of PHB. In fact, blending with PHB is also a viable approach to improve the mechanical properties of PLA because the PLA/PHB 75/25 blend exhibits significantly improved tensile properties compared with pure PLA. This is due to the finely dispersed PHB crystals acting as a filler and nucleating agent in PLA. The biodegradability, studied by weight change measurement at room temperature, improved with increasing PHB content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30: 67–79, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20235
Assessing bioequivalence of generic antiepilepsy drugs
Authors: Krauss Gregory L. , Caffo Brian , Chang Yi‐Ting , Hendrix Craig W. , Chuang Kelly 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective:Patients with epilepsy are often concerned that switching between brand‐name and generic formulations of antiepilepsy drugs (AEDs) may cause clinically significant changes in plasma drug concentrations. We assessed bioequivalence (BE) studies for approved generic AEDs to evaluate US Food and Drug Administration claims that: (1) generic AEDs are accurate copies of reference formulations; (2) delivery of reference formulations may be as variable as generic AEDs and so provide no increased benefit; and (3) switches between generic AED formulations are safe and effective.Methods:We determined differences in 90% confidence interval limits for total drug exposure (AUC0‐t) and peak concentration (Cmax) ratios of generic and reference formulations during fasting and fed BE studies. We simulated BE between generic formulations after adjusting for reference values.Results:AUC0‐t values of approved reference and generic formulations differed by <15% in 99% of BE studies; Cmax differed by <15% in 89% of studies. Food affected variability of Cmax but not AUC0‐t. Intersubject variability in Cmax and AUC0‐t was small and similar for reference and generic products. In simulated switches between 595 pairs of generic AED formulations, estimated AUC0‐t differed by >15% for 17% of pairs; estimated Cmax differed by >15% for 39%. AEDs with low bioavailability and solubility (eg, oxcarbazepine) had the greatest variability in BE.Interpretation:Most generic AED products provide total drug delivery (AUC) similar to reference products; differences in peak concentrations between formulations are more common. Switches between generic AED products may cause greater changes in plasma drug concentrations than generic substitutions of reference products. ANN NEUROL 2011
Gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9) in swine antral follicle
Authors: Basini Giuseppina , Bussolati Simona , Baioni Laura , Grasselli Francesca 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFollicular growth is allowed by extracellular matrix remodeling and vascular network development. Since matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in both of these processes, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of gelatinases MMP2 and MMP9 in swine ovarian follicle (theca and granulosa compartments) during its development. Moreover, we measured gelatinase activities into follicular fluids (FF). Our data demonstrate for the first time that MMP2 and MMP9 are expressed in swine ovarian follicle both in theca and granulosa layers; moreover we show that the expression of both gelatinases increases in theca while decreases in granulosa during follicle growth. Additionally, MMP2 activity has been detected in FF. The spatial pattern of expression of gelatinases in swine follicle suggests a differential role during physiological ovarian events.
Incidence of cardiovascular events and death after open or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in the randomized EVAR trial 1
Authors: Brown L C , Thompson S G , Greenhalgh R M , Powell J T 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
The aim was to compare rates of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death in patients with a large abdominal aortic aneurysm who had endovascular (EVAR) or open repair to determine whether cardiovascular mortality explains the convergence in survival curves after these procedures.

Methods
Between 1999 and 2004, 1252 patients were randomized to EVAR or open repair in the UK EVAR trial 1. All patients were followed for death, myocardial infarction or stroke until September 2009. Cox regression was used to compare cardiovascular events and deaths between the randomized groups during different time intervals.

Results
Over 5 years of follow-up, a total of 187 first non-fatal or fatal cardiovascular events (98 myocardial infarctions and 89 strokes) and 256 cardiovascular deaths occurred. Although the endovascular group had a lower cardiovascular event rate than the open repair group (2·6 versus 3·2 per 100 person-years respectively) this was not statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0·83, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·62 to 1·10; P = 0·199). Overall, there was little difference in cardiovascular mortality between the randomized groups (adjusted HR 1·06, 0·83 to 1·36; P = 0·638), but a non-significant excess of cardiovascular deaths was apparent in the endovascular group during the 6–24-month interval (adjusted HR 1·44, 0·79 to 2·62; P = 0·237).

Conclusion
Patients who had EVAR appeared to have a lower subsequent cardiovascular event rate during all time intervals. Cardiovascular mortality was similar between the two groups overall, but more cardiovascular deaths in the EVAR group appeared to contribute to the convergence in all-cause mortality during the first 2 years.
Characteristic facial retargeting
Authors: Song Jaewon , Choi Byungkuk , Seol Yeongho , Noh Junyong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFacial motion retargeting has been developed mainly in the direction of representing high fidelity between a source and a target model. We present a novel facial motion retargeting method that properly regards the significant characteristics of target face model. We focus on stylistic facial shapes and timings that reveal the individuality of the target model well, after the retargeting process is finished. The method works with a range of expression pairs between the source and the target facial expressions and emotional sequence pairs of the source and the target facial motions. We first construct a prediction model to place semantically corresponding facial shapes. Our hybrid retargeting model, which combines the radial basis function (RBF) and kernel canonical correlation analysis (kCCA)‐based regression methods copes well with new input source motions without visual artifacts. 1D Laplacian motion warping follows after the shape retargeting process, replacing stylistically important emotional sequences and thus, representing the characteristics of the target face. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical Characterization (GC/MS and NMR Fingerprinting) and Bioactivities of South‐African Pelargonium capitatum (L.) L' Her. (Geraniaceae) Essential Oil
Authors: Guerrini Alessandra , Rossi Damiano , Paganetto Guglielmo , Tognolini Massimiliano , Muzzoli Mariavittoria , Romagnoli Carlo , Antognoni Fabiana , Vertuani Silvia , Medici Alessandro , Bruni Alessandro , Useli Chiara , Tamburini Elena , Bruni Renato , Sacchetti Gianni 
Published: April 2011

AbstractChemical fingerprinting of commercial Pelargonium capitatum (Geraniaceae) essential oil samples of south African origin was performed by GC, GC/MS, and 13C‐ and 1H‐NMR. Thirty‐seven compounds were identified, among which citronellol (32.71%) and geraniol (19.58%) were the most abundant. NMR Spectra of characteristic chemicals were provided. Broad‐spectrum bioactivity properties of the oil were evaluated and compared with those of commercial Thymus vulgaris essential oil with the aim to obtain a functional profile in terms of efficacy and safety. P. capitatum essential oil provides a good performance as antimicrobial, with particular efficacy against Candida albicans strains. Antifungal activity performed against dermatophyte and phytopathogen strains revealed the latter as more sensitive, while antibacterial activity was not remarkable against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. P. capitatum oil provided a lower antioxidant activity (IC50) than that expressed by thyme essential oil, both in the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β‐carotene bleaching tests. Results in photochemiluminescence (PCL) assay were negligible. To test the safety aspects of P. capitatum essential oil, mutagenic and toxicity properties were assayed by Ames test, with and without metabolic activation. Possible efficacy of P. capitatum essential oil as mutagenic protective agent against NaN3, 2‐nitrofluorene, and 2‐aminoanthracene was also assayed, providing interesting and significant antigenotoxic properties.
Volatile Compounds of Asphodelus microcarpusSalzm. et Viv. Honey Obtained by HS‐SPME and USE Analyzed by GC/MS
Authors: Jerković Igor , Tuberoso Carlo I. G. , Kasum Ana , Marijanović Zvonimir 
Published: April 2011

AbstractChemical analysis of Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. et Viv. honey is of great importance, since melissopalynology does not allow the unambiguous determination of its botanical origin. Therefore, the volatile compounds of eight unifloral asphodel honeys have been investigated for the first time. The honey extracts were obtained by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In the honey headspace, 31 volatile compounds were identified with high percentages of 2‐phenylacetaldehyde (2; 14.8–34.7%), followed by somewhat lower percentages of methyl syringate (1; 10.5–11.5%). Compound 2 is not a specific marker of the botanical origin of the honey, but its high percentage can be emphasized as headspace characteristic of asphodel honey. The extraction solvent for all the samples was selected after extracting a representative sample with pentane, Et2O, pentane/Et2O 1 : 2 (v/v), and CH2Cl2. Compound 1 was the major constituent of all the USE extracts (46.8–87.0%). According to these preliminary results, all the honey samples were extracted by USE with the solvent pentane/Et2O 1 : 2. A total of 60 volatile compounds were identified with 1 as predominant compound (69.4–87.0%), pointing out 1 as Asphodelus honey volatile marker.
Molecular Aspects of Glucose Dehydration by Chromium Chlorides in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Yanmei , Pidko Evgeny A. , Hensen Emiel J. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA combined experimental and computational study of the ionic‐liquid‐mediated dehydration of glucose and fructose by CrII and CrIII chlorides has been performed. The ability of chromium to selectively dehydrate glucose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride does not depend on the oxidation state of chromium. Nevertheless, CrIII exhibits higher activity and selectivity to HMF than CrII. Anhydrous CrCl2 and CrCl3⋅6 H2O readily catalyze glucose dehydration with HMF yields of 60 and 72 %, respectively, after 3 h. Anhydrous CrCl3 has a lower activity, because it only slowly dissolves in the reaction mixture. The transformation of glucose to HMF involves the formation of fructose as an intermediate. The exceptional catalytic performance of the chromium catalysts is explained by their unique ability to catalyze glucose to fructose isomerization and fructose to HMF dehydration with high selectivity. Side reactions leading to humins by means of condensation reactions take predominantly place during fructose dehydration. The higher HMF selectivity for CrIII is tentatively explained by the higher activity in fructose dehydration compared to CrII. This limits the concentration of intermediates that are involved in bimolecular condensation reactions. Model DFT calculations indicate a substantially lower activation barrier for glucose isomerization by CrIII compared to CrII. Qualitatively, glucose isomerization follows a similar mechanism for CrII and CrIII. The mechanism involves ring opening of D‐glucopyranose coordinated to a single Cr ion, followed by a transient self‐organization of catalytic chromium complexes that promotes the rate‐determining hydrogen‐shift step.
Application of Monte‐Carlo simulation to estimate the kinetic parameters for pyrolysis—Part I
Authors: Kaushal Priyanka , Abedi Jalal 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA mathematical model was developed to represent pyrolysis. The components of primary and secondary pyrolysis reactions were simply lump into different groups and were represented through a set of pseudo‐first‐order reactions. This study presents an algorithm to estimate the kinetic parameters using Monte‐Carlo (MC) simulation. The combination of an analytical reaction model and the MC simulation technique rapidly generates a large number of numerical values. Results show that MC‐simulated data and experimental data are in fair agreement. Though the technique developed in this study proved to have potential, more experimental data are needed to check the robustness of the model. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering