bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vergärung von Pyruvat durch sieben Arten phototropher Purpurbakterien
Authors: Gürgün V. , Kirchner G. , Pfennig N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe dark, anaerobic fermentation of pyruvate under growth conditions was examined with the following species of phototrophic purple bacteria: Rhodospirillum rubrum strains Ha and S1, Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa strain 2150, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 7050, Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain ATCC 17001, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata strains Kb1 and 6950, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain ATCC 17023, and Chromatium vinosum strain D. Fermentation balances were established for all experiments.Under fermentative conditions cell protein and dry weight increased only slightly, if at all. The species differed considerably in their fermentative activity; R. rubrum and R. gelatinosa exhibited the highest rates (2–8 μmoles pyruvate/mg protein · h). R. acidophila and R. capsulata showed an intermediate fermentation rate (0.4–2.0 μmoles pyruvate/mg protein · h), while the other strains tested fermented at quite low rates (0.2–0.4 μmoles pyruvate/mg protein · h). The extremes of fermentation times were from 30–380 hours.Based on the products of fermentation which were formed in addition to acetate, formate, and CO2, the species can be grouped as follows:
R. rubrum, R. gelatinosa, and R. sphaeroides additionally form propionate.
R. gelatinosa, R. palustris, R. capsulata, R. sphaeroides, and C. vinosum additionally form lactate. R. palustris also produces butyrate.
R. acidophila and R. capsulata additionally form much 2,3‐butanediol, acetoin, and diacetyl. Small amounts of acetoin were formed by the rest of the strains.
A comparison of the fermentation of pyruvate by normal and starved cells (4 days in the light without a carbon source) of R. rubrum and R. gelatinosa shows that the latter ferment more slowly and produce less acetate and formate, but more propionate or lactate.The fermentation of pyruvate by R. rubrum was also studied in cultures in which the pH fell (7.2–6.6). Compared with the fermentation at neutral pH (7.3, 7.4), the following differences were found: a slower fermentation rate, an increased production of dry weight, an increased formation of propionate, but a reduced formation of acetate and a very low production of formate.
Multi‐hit theory of the origin of life: Problems of growth rate of protobionts and of speed of earliest evolution. I.
Authors: Kaplan R. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe previously proposed theory of biogenesis being a multi‐hit process (due to random assemblage, within an aggregate of abiogenic nucleic acids (NAs) and proteins, of a set of functional molecules necessary for primitive life) is developed further taking into account speed of reactions and reproduction of protobionts, random distribution of functional molecules in protocell fission, and speed of earliest evolution. A hypothetical model of a protobiont being possibly ancestral to “our” life is designed. Probabilities of the multi‐hit origin of such protobionts are estimated accounting not only for inclusion by chance of functional protein and NA molecules but also for exclusion of deleterious enzymes, and respecting the number of possible primitive codes. It is shown that “fluid organisms” are impossible and that individuation is a key structure of life. Life based on only NA (genobiosis) in contrast to life with genotype (NA) plus phenotype (protein) being infinitely evolvable (holobiosis), and life based on proteins alone are discussed. It is shown that protein + NA‐life is in favour to those other life forms, and that the probability of origin of at least simple types of holobiotic protobionts might be high enough for repeated biogeneses under early earth conditions. Though protobionts may have had generation times of 103 years speed of early evolution as well as stability of functional molecules could have been sufficient for allowing of evolution to reach the level of procaryots within the 108 to 109 years available.
In vitro‐Versuche über extrazelluläre proteolytische Aktivität bei Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Zusammenhang mit phytopathologischen Untersuchungen
Authors: Knösel D. , Nimitan E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNachdem Inokulationsversuche an Testpflanzen negativ verliefen und der Nachweis von Pektinasen und Cellulasen nicht gelang, wurde die extrazelluläre proteolytische Aktivität von P. aeruginosa vermittels mehrerer Methoden untersucht. Bei hoher Aktivität beschränkte sich die Wirksamkeit auf den neutral‐alkalischen Bereich mit Optima zwischen pH 8 bis 9. Für die in vitro‐Hydrolysation der verschiedenen Proteine ist offenbar eine, somit unspezifische Protease verantwortlich zu machen, deren Molekulargewicht bei 20000 zu liegen scheint. Eine Beziehung zur Mazeration pflanzlichen Gewebes ist nicht gegeben.
Regeneration of yeast protoplasts. A freeze‐etching study
Authors: Nečas O. , Svoboda A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe submicroscopical structure of yeast protoplasts regenerating the new cell wall or merely its fibrillar component was studied by freeze‐etching. No relation was found between the number and distribution of plasma membrane particles at various stages of regeneration. Hexagonal arrangement of the particles was found only solitarily even in protoplasts synthesizing intensely glucan microfibrils in liquid media. The fibrillar network on protoplasts grown in liquid medium or fibrillar groundwork of the cell wall on protoplasts grown in gelatine medium were exposed only after etching on etched faces. The microfibrils did not penetrate the outer leaflet of the unit membrane, which consequently indicates that no structural relation could exist between the fibrils and the plasma membrane particles. During conversion of cells to protoplasts, plasma membrane invaginations were arranged end‐to‐end to form prolonged furrows which persisted until cell wall regeneration had been completed. Then the long furrows broke into short units. Thus plasma membrane invaginations appear to be local, rigid differentiations of the plasma membrane which may migrate laterally. Neither the plasma membrane nor the adjacent cytoplasm showed signs of reverse pinocytosis. The endoplasmic reticulum, which was hypertrophic during regeneration, consisted of extensive membranes, often parallel in arrangement. The cytoplasm frequently contained groups of small globular particles without characteristic localization.
Physiologie des Anilinabbaus durch Achromobacter Ir 2
Authors: Rabsch W. , Fritsche W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA bacterium was isolated from soil which utilizes aniline as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. It was identified as Achromobacter sp. The cells grow at concentrations in the range of 0.5 to 1.25 mg aniline/ml with a growth rate of 0.3 h−1. Substrate inhibition was observed at concentrations higher than 1.5 mg/ml, 3.0 mg/ml completely inhibit the growth. The yield coefficient was 0.63. Aniline was degraded with an activity of 200 μg/mg cell dry weight/hour. Aniline was assimilated and completely degraded. The remaining nitrogen was quantitatively detected as ammonia. The enzyme system involved in aniline degradation was induced by aniline but not repressed by succinate and ammonia.
Kinetik der Hexulose‐6‐phosphat‐Synthase methylotropher Bakterien in vitro und in situ
Authors: Babel W. , Müller R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Hexulose‐6‐phosphat‐Synthase aus dem fakultativ methylotrophen Bakterium MB 58, dem obligat Methanol utilisierenden Bakterium Pseudomonas W 6 und dem obligat Methan utilisierenden Bakterium GB 3 wurde nach Permeabilisierung der Zellen in situ bzw. nach Ultraschall‐Desintegration in vitro untersucht.Die kinetischen Kennlinien (v gegen Ribose‐5‐phosphat‐ bzw. Formaldehyd‐Konzentration) sind bei Bakterium MB 58 und Pseudomonas W 6 durch einen komplexen Verlauf charakterisiert. Es tritt ein intermediäres Plateau auf, das bei Pseudomonas W 6 in vitro nicht mehr zu beobachten ist. Bakterium GB 3 zeigt in vitro und in situ MICHAELIS‐MENTEN‐Kinetik. Eine Beeinflussung der Hexulosephosphat‐Synthase aus Pseudomonas W 6 durch Intermediate des Kohlenstoff‐ und Energiestoffwechsels wurde nicht festgestellt.Die Bedeutung einer komplexen Kinetik der Hexulosephosphat‐Synthase für die Regulation des methylotrophen Stoffwechsels wird diskutiert.
Anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli on formate by reduction of nitrate, fumarate, and trimethylamine N‐oxide
Authors: Yamamoto Isamu , Ishimoto M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnaerobic growth of E. coli, strain K‐10, depending on formate oxidation by nitrate, fumarate, and trimethylamine N‐oxide was followed in a medium containing peptone. The presence of formate and peptone was indispensable for growth with fumarate and trimethylamine N‐oxide reduction. While there was no growth in the absence of acceptor, growth was observed in the absence of formate by nitrate reduction though not as much as under aerobic conditions. Per mole consumed formate equimolar succinate or trimethylamine was formed, but 1.2 mole of nitrite was produced, probably depending partly on peptone oxidation. The molar growth yield on formate was found to be 6.5, 7.6, and 7.0 g cells/mole depending on the reduction of nitrate, fumarate, and trimethylamine N‐oxide, respectively, suggesting the formation of one mole ATP coupled to the anaerobic electron transfers from formate.
Cytochromspektren methylotropher Bakterien
Authors: Babel W. , Steudel A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVon 6 methanutilisierenden und 11 methanolutilisierenden Bakterienspecies wurden spektralphotometrische Analysen durchgeführt. Damit liegen einschließlich der Befunde von DAVEY u. MITTON (1973), TONGE et al. (1974) sowie ANTHONY (1975) die Cytochromspektren von 9 methan‐ und 14 methanolutilisierenden Bakterien vor. Obwohl zwischen obligat und fakultativ methylotrophen Bakterien unterschieden werden kann, die Assimilation der C1‐Verbindungen über zwei prinzipiell verschiedene Sequenzen erfolgt und sich die einzelnen Species in morphologischen, ultrastrukturellen und physiologischen Merkmalen erheblich unterscheiden, besitzen alle methanutilisierenden Bakterien ein qualitativ nahezu identisches Cytochromkomplement, das sich von den Spektren der methylotrophen, aber Methan nicht utilisierenden Bakterien, die bis auf Ausnahmen fakultativ methylotroph sind, nicht signifikant unterscheidet. Charakteristisch ist der hohe Gehalt an Cytochrom c und o sowie die sehr geringe Konzentration an b. Alle methanutilisierenden Bakterienstämme sowie die Hyphomicrobium‐Species verfügen über den Cytochrom aa3‐Komplex; in den methanolutilisierenden Bakterien konnte dieser nicht in allen Fällen sicher nachgewiesen werden.Das Cytochromspektrum ist weder zur Differenzierung methanoxydierender Bakterien mit verschiedenen internen Membransystemen geeignet noch kann es zur Unterscheidung von obligat und fakultativ methylotrophen Species dienen.Das prinzipiell identische Cytochromkomplement sowie die Tatsache, daß die Cytochrome der „methanotrophen”︁ Bakterien mit Methan wie mit Methanol reduzierbar sind, werden als Hinweis auf die generelle funktionelle Bedeutung für die Methylotrophie diskutiert.
Effects of different compounds of metals and of their mixtures on the growth and survival of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Barbič F. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe iron oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied in the presence of different concentrations of metals as sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, and in some other compounds. The bacteriological oxidation of ferro‐ions develops in all solutions in nearly the same way, with the only difference that, as the ion concentration increases, the beginning of measurable oxidation is postponed, i. e., with ion concentration increasing, the lag‐phase expands. When salts are mixed in different proportions, the toxic concentration of such a mixture corresponds, in a defined way, to the total of salts, i. e., of their ions.
Untersuchungen zur Antigenstruktur von Shigellen Heterogenität der spezifischen Polysaccharide von zwei Shigella flexneri‐Stämmen und zwei Sh. flexneri/Escherichia coli‐Hybriden
Authors: Seltmann G. , Beer W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe S‐specific polysaccharide from 2 Sh. flexneri wild strains (with serological var. X‐ and var. Y‐specificity, respectively) and 2 Sh. flexneri E. coli hybrids (with the same specificities) can be separated by means of gel chromatography on Sephadex G‐200 and G‐50 into altogether 6 fractions per strain. Fraction G‐200/1 (molecular weight >106D) represents a polymer consisting nearly exclusively of glucose and is present mainly in the two Y‐type strains, much less in the two X‐type strains. Fractions G‐200/2 and G‐200/3 (molecular weight ∼ 105D and ∼ 2 · 104 D, respectively) seem to consist mainly of the S‐specific side chains while fraction G‐50/2 (molecular weight ∼ 2000 D) presumably contains an SR‐polysaccharide (core with one repeating unit). Fraction G‐50/3 (molecular weight ∼ 1000 D) contains the core polysaccharide and fraction G‐50/4 splitting products (mainly KDO). No significant differences in chromatographical behaviour and quantitative composition could be found between the polysaccharides of the wild strains and the hybrid strainsBecause of the well‐known stability of the glucosaminyl linkages the sugar analysis was not only performed after acidic hydrolysis. In some cases the acid hydrolysate was reacted with HNO2 to cleave the glucosaminyl linkages. In most cases the values obtained now were higher than those obtained directly.
Torulopsis armenti n. sp.
Authors: Kocková‐Kratochvílová Anna , Sláviková Elena , Beránek J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new species Torulopsis armenti Kocková‐Kratochvilová, Sláviková et Beránek isolated from brain, liver, and kidney of cattle, which perished of a nervous disease, is described.
Einfluß von Violamycin BI auf den Ablauf der Excisionsreparatur in Escherichia coli K12 nach UV‐Bestrahlung
Authors: Stöbl Karin , Fleck W. F. , Strauss D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe influence of violamycin B I on the process of excision repair of DNA‐damages after UV‐irradiation has been studied by observing the capacity to rejoin single‐strand breaks introduced in the DNA at the beginning of the repair process. The number of single‐strand breaks remaining unrepaired in the DNA was higher in presence of violamycin B I. Sedimentation analysis of the DNA of unirradiated cells showed in presence of violamycin B I only a small change in the molecular weightAs a possible reason for the lower capacity of the cells to accomplish repair steps following incision in presence of violamycin B I an inhibition of the function of repair enzymes by interaction of the antibiotic with the DNA‐template is discussed.
Introduction of a 16α‐hydroxyl function into estrone by Streptomyces roseochromogenes
Authors: Iida M. , Iizuka H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStreptomyces roseochromogenes (NRRL B‐1233) converted estrone predominantly into its 16α‐hydroxyl derivative. Chemical and spectroscopic (UV, IR, NMR, MS) methods were used in establishing the structure and stereochemistry of the oxidation product. The product was assigned as 16α‐hydroxyestrone (yield, 17%). No other oxidation product was detected in this experiment. An interrelationship between cell growth and 16α‐hydroxy‐estrone formation was observed. Also, 16α‐hydroxylation of estrone was observed in resting cells16α‐Hydroxylase showed good activity at 3.7 × 10−4M of estrone concentration and was completely inhibited by 1.1 × 10−3M. These results indicate the presence of a constitutive 16α‐hydroxylase in the organism investigated.
Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Transkription der T3‐DNA durch T3‐spezifische RNA‐Polymerase in zellfreien Extrakten von Escherichia coli CRT266
Authors: Musielski H. , Mann W. , Degen B. , Michel S. , Richter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCell free extracts were prepared from E. coli CRT266 9 min after infection with T3 phages. RNA synthesis in these extracts is almost entirely due to T3 RNA polymerase. The inactivation of T3 RNA polymerase in these extracts proceeds rapidly at 42 °C. 90% of the activity is lost within 10 min at this temperature. Under conditions where the formation of a stable initiation complex with T3 DNA is possible, i.e., in the presence of GTP, ATP, and UTP the T3 RNA polymerase becomes protected against heat inactivation losing only 10% of its activity during an exposure to 42 °C for 10 min. Studies on the time course of RNA synthesis have shown that reinitiation is still possible at 37 °C and 42 °C. At 44 °C, however, RNA synthesis stops abruptedly after 3 min indicating that reinitiation does no longer take place. The elongation of already initiated T3 RNA chains is rather resistant to heat. At 44 °C the same elongation rates are observed as at 37 °C and 42 °C, respectively.
Physiologie und Biochemie der Streptomyceten XIII. Biosynthese von Paromomycin unter Einsatz von 14C‐Glucose, ‐Glucosamin, ‐2‐Desoxystreptamin und ‐Ribose durch Streptomyces albus var. metamycinus nov. var.
Authors: Reuter G. , Köster H. , Liebermann B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDistribution of radioactivity in paromomycin ascertained after application of 14C‐D‐glucose, 14C‐D‐glucosamine, 14C‐2‐deoxystreptamine, respectively, 14C‐D‐ribose is taken as basis for a biosynthesis scheme: While ribose bound in the antibiotic originates from glucose by oxidation and following decarboxylation, glucosamine is formed via fructose‐6‐phosphate. Paromose I arises from glucosamine, but not the cyclohexan derivative 2‐deoxystreptamine, whose biosynthesis pathway is directly branching off glucose.
Different restriction of bacteriophages T3 and T7 by Pl‐lysogenic cells and the role of the T3‐coded SAMase
Authors: Krüger D. H. , Presber W. , Hansen Sigrid , Rosenthal H. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe intracellular growth of the phages T3 and T7 is restricted in the presence of the Escherichia coli prophage P1. Phage T3 has a higher ability to express its genome and to damage the host cell than T7. This partial protection of T3 against P1 restriction is due to the T3‐coded SAMase, an enzyme which degrades S‐adenosylmethionine, the cofactor of the P1 restriction endonuclease. Since we did not observe DNA cleavage in vivo, we conclude that the in vivo action of the P1 nuclease is limited to a SAM‐dependent repressor‐like binding to T3 and T7 DNA, while further reactions with the DNA (modification vs cleavage) are blocked.
Mesophilic and psychrophilic manganese‐precipitating bacteria in manganese nodules of the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Schütt C. , Ottow J. C. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMikrobiologische Untersuchungen an frischen, nicht‐kontaminierten Manganknollen, Sedimentproben und bodennahem Wasser aus dem zentralen Bereich des Pazifischen Ozeans konnten das Vorkommen einer ubiquitären, reichen Bakterienflora mit einem hohen Anteil an mesophilen‐und psychrophilen Mangan(II)‐fällenden Organismen nachweisen. In einigen Knollen wurden bis zu 106 mesophile und etwa 104 psychrophile (5–6 °C) Mangan(II)‐fällende Bakterien festgestellt. Die mögliche Bedeutung dieser Bakterien für die Genese von Manganknollen in der Tiefsee wird diskutiert.
Aufnahme von Zink durch synchrone Zellen von Chlorella fusca
Authors: Wihlidal H. , Broda E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe uptake of labelled zinc into the interior of synchronous Chlorella fusca was measured at 30 °C in minimal and optimal conditions (dark/nitrogen or light/air, respectively). No saturation with Zn was reached during 10 hours. Uptake strongly depended on the stage of the cells during the development cycle. The rates of uptake per unit cell number, per unit cell volume and also per unit cell surface, reach maxima be forecell division, and thereafter strongly decrease. Clearly the transport system is built up during cell growth. The similarity of the dependence of the rates of uptake in minimal and optimal conditions on the stage of development suggests identity of the transport systems.
Zur Struktur des Mannans von Candida guilliermondii H
Authors: Rademacher K. H. , Reuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mannan of Candida guilliermondii was acetolyzed and the seperation by gel chromatography gave five neutral fragments with the characteristic nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, mannose, mannobiose, mannotriose, mannotetraose, and mannopentaose. All oligosaccharide fragments were composed of mannose in α‐linkage. Methylation analysis combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry demonstrated (1 → 6)‐linked d‐mannopyranose main chains with (1 → 2)‐linked d‐mannopyranose side chains.
Wirkung von 1,3,5‐Triazinen auf verschiedene Prokaryontenviren und ihre Wirte
Authors: Stenz E. , Menzel G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the agar diffusion test 24 triazines were investigated with regard to their action on the multiplication of DNA phages (λ and LPP‐1) and RNA phages (M 12 and Qβ). In several cases the amount of plaques was diminished or increased depending on the kind of triazine and virus. The investigations demonstrate the triazines to be able to interfere with the formation of plaques by virulent and temperate viruses of procaryotes.
Steroidumwandelnde Enzyme aus Mikroorganismen. V. Reinigung einer 4‐En‐3‐oxosteroid: (Akzeptor)‐1‐en‐oxidoreductase aus Nocardia opaca und Charakterisierung der prosthetischen Gruppe
Authors: Lestrovaja N. N. , Dänhardt S. , Hörhold C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFür die Reinigung der 4‐En‐3‐oxosteroid:(Akzeptor)‐1‐en‐oxidoreductase aus Nocardia opaca wurden folgende Methoden angewandt: Abtrennung der Nucleinsäuren mit Streptomycinsulfat, fraktionierte Proteinfällung mit Ammoniumsulfat, Gelfiltration an Sephadex G‐100, Chromatographie und Rechromatographie an DEAE‐Cellulose. Dabei konnte das Enzym 160fach mit einer Ausbeute von 40% angereichert werden. Die Steroid‐1‐Dehydrogenasekativität wurde durch NAD, NADP und FMN nicht beeinflußt, FAD zeigte dagegen einen positiven Effekt.Bei Behandlung mit Ammoniumsulfat unter sauren Bedingungen zur Dissoziation in Proteinanteil und prosthetische Gruppe konnte eine Apoenzympräparation hergestellt werden, die nur noch geringe Aktivität aufwies. Durch Zugabe von FAD in niedriger Konzentration erfolgte eine Wiederherstellung der ursprünglichen Enzymaktivität. Der KM‐Wert für FAD liegt bei 7,5 · 10−8 M.
Die Enzyme der Biosynthese aromatischer Aminosäuren bei Hansenula henricii: Anthranilat‐Phosphoribosylpyrophosphat‐ Phosphoribosyl‐Transferase (E.C. 2.4.2.18)
Authors: Bode R. , Birnbaum D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Anthranilat‐Phosphoribosylpyrophosphat‐Phosphoribosyl‐Transferase (PR‐Transferase) von Hansenula henricii 38‐10‐2 hat ein Molekulargewicht von 70000 Dalton und ist mit keinem anderen Enzym aggregiert. Sie katalysiert die Zwei‐Substratreaktion nach dem sequentiellen Typ. Die Km‐Werte betragen 4,6 μm für Anthranilsäure und 0,88 mm für Phosphoribosylpyrophosphat (PRPP). Das Enzym unterliegt einer Substrathemmung durch Anthranilsäure (Ki = 30 μm) und zeigt negative Kooperativität der Bindungsstellen für dieses Substrat (n = 0,6). Für eine volle Aktivität ist die Anwesenheit von Mg2+‐Ionen notwendig (Km = 56 μm). Durch 3‐Hydroxyanthranilsäure wird die PR‐Transferase bezüglich Anthranilsäure kompetitiv gehemmt (Ki = 12 μm).