bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of phosphorus gettering parameters and initial iron level on silicon solar cell properties
Authors: Vähänissi Ville , Haarahiltunen Antti , Talvitie Heli , Yli‐Koski Marko , Savin Hele 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe have studied experimentally the effect of different initial iron contamination levels on the electrical device properties of p‐type Czochralski‐silicon solar cells. By systematically varying phosphorus diffusion gettering (PDG) parameters, we demonstrate a strong correlation between the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and the gettering efficiency. Similar correlation is also obtained for the short‐circuit current (Jsc), but phosphorus dependency somewhat complicates the interpretation: the higher the phosphorus content not only the better the gettering efficiency but also the stronger the emitter recombination. With initial bulk iron concentration as high as 2 × 1014 cm−3, conversion efficiencies comparable with non‐contaminated cells were obtained, which demonstrates the enormous potential of PDG. The results also clearly reveal the importance of well‐designed PDG: to achieve best results, the gettering parameters used for high purity silicon should be chosen differently as compared with for a material with high impurity content. Finally we discuss the possibility of achieving efficient gettering without deteriorating the emitter performance by combining a selective emitter with a PDG treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sexual problems, communication patterns, and depressive symptoms in couples coping with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Milbury Kathrin , Badr Hoda 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of breast cancer tends to result in physical side effects (e.g., vaginal dryness, stomatitis, and atrophy) that can cause sexual problems. Although studies of early‐stage breast cancer have demonstrated that sexual problems are associated with increased depressive symptoms for both patients and their partners, comparatively little is known about these associations in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and how patients and partners cope together with sexual problems. We examined the links between sexual problems, depressive symptoms, and two types of spousal communication patterns (mutual constructive and demand–withdraw) in 191 couples in which the patient was initiating treatment for MBC.MethodsPatients and partners separately completed paper‐and‐pencil surveys.ResultsMultilevel models indicated that high levels of sexual problems were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms only for patients who reported low levels of mutual constructive communication (p < 0.01) and high levels of demand–withdraw communication (p < 0.0001). In contrast, for partners, greater sexual problems were associated with more depressive symptoms regardless of the communication pattern reported. These associations remained significant when we controlled for patients' reports of average pain and functional and physical well‐being and couples' dyadic adjustment.ConclusionsSexual problems were associated with depressive symptoms for both MBC patients and their partners. The way in which patients and partners talk with one another about cancer‐related problems seems to influence this association for patients. MBC patients may benefit from programs that teach couples how to minimize demand–withdraw communication and instead openly and constructively discuss sexual issues and concerns. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal Decomposition and Ignition of PBXN‐110 Plastic‐Bonded Explosive
Authors: Aydemir Erdogan , Ulas Abdullah , Serin Nadir 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDue to safety requirements, insensitive behavior in slow or fast thermal heating (cook‐off) conditions is a desired behavior for today’s munitions. The ignition time of munitions under slow or fast cook‐off conditions is an important parameter in the design of insensitive munitions. The critical temperature, which mainly depends on the chemical, physical, and the geometrical properties of the energetic material, is the determining factor whether the material will end up with thermal initiation or not, when it is exposed to an external heat source. In this study a slow cook‐off test setup is designed and developed and the tests for a generic munition containing PBXN‐110 plastic‐bonded explosive are performed in order to obtain temperature distribution in the test item, ignition time, ignition temperature, and ignition location. In this paper the development procedure and the experimental results of the slow cook‐off tests are explained. Moreover, the kinetic parameters such as activation energy and pre‐exponential factor for the plastic‐bonded explosive obtained from the TGA tests are presented.
Preface: Phys. Status Solidi C 5/2012
Authors: Hoffmann Axel , Christen Jürgen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe 11th International Conference on Physics of Light–Matter Coupling in Nanostructures 2011 (PLMCN 11) was held in Berlin, 4–8 April 2011.The idea of the PLMCN conference series is to bring together scientists active in the fields of semiconductor optics and material science dealing with modern technologies of wide‐band‐gap semiconductors and organic materials, both in academia and industry. This conference traditionally combines new generations of opto‐electronic devices like nanolasers, polariton lasers, single photon emitters and basic physical principles like spin dynamics in quantum dots and microcavities. Furthermore, progress in epitaxial growth of Bragg mirrors and quantum structures in arsenides, nitrides and oxides is in the focus of interest.With the 2011 PLMCN conference in Berlin the scientific lifework of Dieter Bimberg was honored who has accomplished tremendous pioneering work in the field of optoelectronic devices like quantum dots and nanolasers, PCB (printed circuit board) lasers, and electrically driven single‐photon emitters.The organizers thank the participants of PLMCN 2011 for continuing the spirit of now 11 annual conferences – Saint Nectaire, France (2000); Rome, Italy (2001); Rithymnon, Greece (2002); Acireale, Italy (2003); Saint‐Petersburg, Russia (2004); Glasgow, Scotland (2005); Magdeburg, Germany (2006); Havana, Cuba (2007); Tokyo, Japan (2008); Lecce, Italy (2009), and Cuernavaca, Mexico (2010) (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
From molecules to mastication: the development and evolution of teeth
Authors: Jheon Andrew H. , Seidel Kerstin , Biehs Brian , Klein Ophir D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTeeth are unique to vertebrates and have played a central role in their evolution. The molecular pathways and morphogenetic processes involved in tooth development have been the focus of intense investigation over the past few decades, and the tooth is an important model system for many areas of research. Developmental biologists have exploited the clear distinction between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme during tooth development to elucidate reciprocal epithelial/mesenchymal interactions during organogenesis. The preservation of teeth in the fossil record makes these organs invaluable for the work of paleontologists, anthropologists, and evolutionary biologists. In addition, with the recent identification and characterization of dental stem cells, teeth have become of interest to the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we review the major research areas and studies in the development and evolution of teeth, including morphogenesis, genetics and signaling, evolution of tooth development, and dental stem cells. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:165–182. doi: 10.1002/wdev.63This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms
Vertebrate Organogenesis > From an Epithelial Primordium (Non-Tubular)
Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
The Implications of Positive Peritoneal Lavage Cytology in Potentially Resectable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yoshioka Ryuji , Saiura Akio , Koga Rintaro , Arita Junichi , Takemura Nobuyuki , Ono Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Junji , Yamaguchi Toshiharu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical implications of peritoneal lavage cytology (CY) status in patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer have not been established.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 254 consecutive patients who underwent macroscopically curative resection for pancreatic cancer from February 2003 to December 2010 in our institution. Correlations between CY status and survival and clinicopathological findings were investigated.ResultsOf the 254 patients, 20 were CY+ (7.9 %). There were no significant differences between CY+ and CY− patients in background data (age, sex, the level of preoperative tumor marker, and adjuvant chemotherapy). Patients with positive serosal invasion were more likely to be CY+ than those with negative serosal invasion (P < 0.001) by univariate analysis. The median overall survival of CY+ patients and CY− patients was 23.8 months (95 % CI = 17.6–29.8) and 26.5 months (95 % CI = 20.7–32.3), respectively (P = 0.302). The median recurrence‐free survival of CY+ and CY− patients was 8.1 months (95 % CI = 0.0–17.9) and 13.5 months (95 % CI = 11.5–15.5), respectively (P = 0.089).ConclusionCY+ status without other distant metastasis does not necessarily preclude resection in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyols Derived from Corn Oil by Epoxidation and Ozonolysis
Authors: de Souza Victor Hugo Rodrigues , Silva Simone Adriane , Ramos Luiz Pereira , Zawadzki Sônia Faria 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the present study, epoxidation and ozonolysis led to a decrease of 40.8 and 51.9 % in the degree of unsaturation of corn oil, respectively. Both products were initially characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐ and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) analysis of the polyol obtained by epoxidation showed that carbinol hydrogen signals, located between 3.65 and 3.47 ppm, were correlated to carbon signals between 74.4 and 71.7 ppm. HSQC analysis of the polyol obtained by ozonolysis revealed these same chemical shifts at 3.64 and 62.9 ppm, respectively. Compared to pure corn oil, the differential scanning calorimetry of both corn oil‐based polyols displayed the absence of any detectable melting peaks. However, the epoxidized derivative had a higher thermal stability than the ozonated sample, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis.
Identification of the Unsaturated Heptadecyl Fatty Acids in the Seed Oils of Thespesia populnea and Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Dowd Michael K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of the seed oils of Thespesia populnea and cotton variety SG‐747 (Gossypium hirsutum) were studied to identity their 17‐carbon fatty acids. With a combination of chemical derivatization, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry, 8‐heptadecenoic acid, 9‐heptadecenoic acid, and 8,11‐heptadecadienoic acids were identified in both oils. Additionally, traces of 10‐heptadecenoic acid were identified in the T. populnea oil. Although these odd‐carbon number fatty acids are present in only minor amounts in cottonseed oil, they make up about ~2 % of the fatty acids in T. populnea seed oil. The identification of these acids indicates that fatty acid α‐oxidation is not restricted to cyclopropene fatty acids in these plants, but also occurs with unsaturated fatty acids. Combined with malvalic acid (generally accepted as being formed by α‐oxidation of sterculic acid), ~7 % of the fatty acids in T. populnea seed have under gone α‐oxidization. The results should help clarify the composition of T. populnea seed oil, which has been reported inconsistently in the literature.
Statistics of joint spacing in rock layers
Authors: RABINOVITCH AVINOAM , BAHAT DOV , GREENBERG REVITAL 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe show that spacing statistics can be obtained for all fracture densities by the same equation. Using the simple ‘shear lag’ theory, it is demonstrated that the results adequately fit experimental measurements. Theoretically, it is shown that two parameters are sufficient to characterize all spacing distributions. It is found that no real spacing saturation exists. Rather, a very low increase in joint densities occurs for a very high incremental stress increase. Moreover the transition to this kind of saturation is gradual and not abrupt. In this way the high density distributions with very small inter-joint distances, which pose a problem for saturation models, are directly explained. Correlation with creep experiments is also established. Comparison of our method with Weibull statistics is performed.
Impact of Arctic sea‐ice retreat on the recent change in cloud‐base height during autumn
Authors: Sato Kazutoshi , Inoue Jun , Kodama Yasu‐Masa , Overland James E. 
Published: May 2012

Cloud‐base observations over the ice‐free Chukchi and Beaufort Seas in autumn were conducted using a shipboard ceilometer and radiosondes during the 1999–2010 cruises of the Japanese R/V Mirai. In comparison with cloud‐base heights in an ice‐covered case (the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean project in 1998), our ice‐free results showed a 30% decrease (increase) in the frequency of low clouds with a ceiling below (above) 500 m. Temperature profiles revealed that the boundary layer was well developed over the ice‐free ocean in the 2000s, whereas a stable layer dominated during the ice‐covered period in 1998. The change in surface boundary conditions likely resulted in the difference in cloud‐base height, although it had little impact on air temperatures in the mid‐ and upper troposphere. Data from the 2010 R/V Mirai cruise were investigated in detail in terms of air‐sea temperature difference. Stratus clouds near the sea surface were predominant under a warm advection situation, whereas stratocumulus clouds with a cloud‐free layer were significant under a cold advection situation. The threshold temperature difference between sea surface and air temperatures for distinguishing the dominant cloud types was 3 K. Anomalous upward turbulent heat fluxes associated with the sea‐ice retreat have likely contributed to warming of the lower troposphere.
Introducing surface waves in a coupled wave‐atmosphere regional climate model: Impact on atmospheric mixing length
Authors: Rutgersson A. , Nilsson E. O. , Kumar R. 
Published: May 2012

The marine atmospheric boundary layer is strongly influenced by the moving surface in the presence of surface waves; the impact depends on the wave conditions and the interaction with the atmosphere. Previous studies using measurements as well as numerical simulations with large‐eddy simulations have shown that surface waves propagating faster than the wind (swell) alter the surface exchange as well as turbulence properties in the atmosphere. This impact is here introduced in a coupled wave‐atmosphere regional climate model with a so‐called E − l turbulence scheme (where E is the turbulent kinetic energy and l is a mixing length). A wave age dependent coefficient (here called Wmix) is added to the mixing length in the turbulence parameterization. This acts similarly to inducing additional convection, with larger mixing length and increased eddy diffusivity, when we have near neutral stratification and strong swell. For shallow boundary layers the regional coupled climate model shows a larger response to the introduced wave coupling with increased near surface wind speed and smaller wind gradient between the surface and middle part of the boundary layer. The impact for the studied areas is relatively minor for parameters averaged over 1 year, but for limited periods and specific situations the impact is larger. One could expect a larger impact in areas with stronger swell dominance. We thus conclude that the impact of swell waves on the mixing in the boundary layer is not insignificant and should be taken into account when developing wave‐atmosphere coupled regional climate models or global climate models.
Archaea of the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group are abundant, diverse and widespread in marine sediments
Authors: Kubo Kyoko , Lloyd Karen G , F Biddle Jennifer , Amann Rudolf , Teske Andreas , Knittel Katrin 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Members of the highly diverse Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group (MCG) are globally distributed in various marine and continental habitats. In this study, we applied a polyphasic approach (rRNA slot blot hybridization, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and catalyzed reporter deposition FISH) using newly developed probes and primers for the in situ detection and quantification of MCG crenarchaeota in diverse types of marine sediments and microbial mats. In general, abundance of MCG (cocci, 0.4 μm) relative to other archaea was highest (12–100%) in anoxic, low-energy environments characterized by deeper sulfate depletion and lower microbial respiration rates (P=0.06 for slot blot and P=0.05 for qPCR). When studied in high depth resolution in the White Oak River estuary and Hydrate Ridge methane seeps, changes in MCG abundance relative to total archaea and MCG phylogenetic composition did not correlate with changes in sulfate reduction or methane oxidation with depth. In addition, MCG abundance did not vary significantly (P&gt;0.1) between seep sites (with high rates of methanotrophy) and non-seep sites (with low rates of methanotrophy). This suggests that MCG are likely not methanotrophs. MCG crenarchaeota are highly diverse and contain 17 subgroups, with a range of intragroup similarity of 82 to 94%. This high diversity and widespread distribution in subsurface sediments indicates that this group is globally important in sedimentary processes.
High-strength silk protein scaffolds for bone repair
Authors: Mandal Biman B. , Grinberg Ariela , Seok Gil Eun , Panilaitis Bruce , Kaplan David L. 
Published: May 2012

Biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration represent a major focus of orthopedic research. However, only a handful of polymeric biomaterials are utilized today because of their failure to address critical issues like compressive strength for load-bearing bone grafts. In this study development of a high compressive strength (~13 MPa hydrated state) polymeric bone composite materials is reported, based on silk protein-protein interfacial bonding. Micron-sized silk fibers (10–600 µm) obtained utilizing alkali hydrolysis were used as reinforcement in a compact fiber composite with tunable compressive strength, surface roughness, and porosity based on the fiber length included. A combination of surface roughness, porosity, and scaffold stiffness favored human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward bone-like tissue in vitro based on biochemical and gene expression for bone markers. Further, minimal in vivo immunomodulatory responses suggested compatibility of the fabricated silk-fiber-reinforced composite matrices for bone engineering applications.
A COMMON CAUSE
Authors: Cousin Glynis , Fine Robert 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
This paper explores connections and disconnections in the study of racism and antisemitism within sociological inquiry. It begins with an exposition of how certain prominent theorists of racism and antisemitism (e.g., Du Bois, Fanon, Arendt) have in the past identified important connections between these fields of exclusion and persecution in the making of European modernity. While their analysis of connections between racism and antisemitism may have been uneven and provisional, the more recent tendency to replace such connectivity with separatist or even oppositional readings has been a step backward. This tendency toward what we call ‘methodological separatism’ impoverishes our sociological imagination for a number of reasons. First, it neglects the extent to which prejudice and persecution in relation to Muslims, Jews and Black people are connected phenomena in the formation of European modernity. Second, it encourages divisive and competitive analytical approaches which lock their protagonists in rival camps and reproduce aspects of the language of racism they oppose. While affirming the distinctive characteristics of anti-Black and anti-Jewish racisms, we argue that the development of a more integrated approach is required to enable our understanding of how modernity continues to operate.
Trends in Aminoglycoside Use and Gentamicin-Resistant Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates in US Academic Medical Centers: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Ababneh Mera , Harpe Spencer , Oinonen Michael , Polk Ron E. 
Published: May 2012

Objective.To measure trends in aminoglycoside antibiotic use and gentamicin-resistant clinical isolates across a network of hospitals and compare network-level relationships with those of individual hospitals.Design.Longitudinal observational investigation.Setting.US academic medical centers.Participants.Adult inpatients.Methods.Adult aminoglycoside use was measured from 2002 or 2003 through 2009 in 29 hospitals. Hospital-wide antibiograms assessed gentamicin resistance by proportions and incidence rates for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Mixed-effects analysis of variance was used to assess the significance of changes in aminoglycoside use and changes in resistance rates and proportions. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the relationship between aminoglycoside use and resistance.Results.Mean aminoglycoside use declined by 41%, reflecting reduced gentamicin (P <.0001) and tobramycin (P = .005) use; amikacin use did not change. The rate and proportion of gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa decreased by 48% (P < .0001) and 31% (P < .0001), respectively. The rate and proportion of gentamicin-resistant E. coli increased by 166% and 124%, respectively (P < .0001), and they were related to increasing quinolone resistance in E. coli. Resistance among K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii did not change. Relationships between aminoglycoside use and resistance at the network level were highly variable at the individual hospital level.Conclusions.Mean aminoglycoside use declined in this network of US hospitals and was associated with significant and opposite changes in rates of resistance for some organisms and no change for others. At the individual hospital level, antibiograms appear to be an unreliable reflection of antibiotic use, at least for aminoglycosides.
Fabrication of horizontally aligned ultra-long single-walled carbon nanotubes on Si substrates using the fast-heating chemical vapor deposition method
Authors: Nguyen Ba Thang , Than Xuan Tinh , Nguyen Van Chuc , Tam Ngo Thi Thanh , Bui Hung Thang , Nguyen Xuan Nghia , Phan Hong Khoi , Phan Ngoc Minh 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
In this paper we study the growth of horizontally aligned ultra-long single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (5 mm) on oxidized silicon substrates by the fast-heating chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Ferric chloride (FeCl
3) and ethanol (C
2
H
5
OH) solution are used as catalyst and carbon source, respectively. The influence of growth conditions such as temperature, time and gas flow rates on the SWCNTs’ growth is studied in detail. The morphologies and structure of the SWCNTs are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results demonstrate that by fast-heating CVD of ethanol at a temperature of 900 °C for 60 min, the SWCNTs have high quality. They are clean, ultra-long (mm), highly dense and as straight as parallel lines.