bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations between Psychological Symptoms and Social Relationships among Medical Undergraduates in Anhui Province of China
Authors: Sun Liang , Sun Li-Na , Sun Ye-Huan , Yang Lin-Sheng , Wu Hong-Yan , Zhang Dong-Dong , Cao Hong-Yuan , Sun Ying 
Published: November 2011

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety) among Chinese medical students and to find the possible relationships between psychological symptoms and social relationships. Methods: A sample of 10,140 medical students was investigated with a structured questionnaire, that included the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Social Support Rating Scale, and Family APGAR Index (adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, resolve). Results: The present study revealed that 16.8% of the medical students suffered from depressive symptoms and 14.1% from anxiety symptoms. Female students were more likely to have anxiety, the second-year students had higher levels of psychological symptoms than the first-year students. Likewise, significant differences were found among college, satisfaction of specialty, and economic condition of the family in anxiety and depression symptoms. Social support, family function, and all dimensions were significantly negatively associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression showed that less social support, poor family function, the second-year students, and unsatisfactory specialty were associated with more psychological symptoms, after adjusting the effects of sex, age, and college. Conclusions: Medical students have a relatively high level of depression and anxiety symptoms. These findings support the hypothesis that if medical students are better supported and cared for, negative psychosocial consequences might be prevented or at least reduced.
Cesarean Section and Interferon-Induced Helicase Gene Polymorphisms Combine to Increase Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Risk
Authors: Bonifacio Ezio , Warncke Katharina , Winkler Christiane , Wallner Maike , Ziegler Anette-G. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE
The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing. Delivery by cesarean section is also more prevalent, and it is suggested that cesarean section is associated with type 1 diabetes risk. We examine associations between cesarean delivery, islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes, and genes involved in type 1 diabetes susceptibility.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cesarean section was examined as a risk factor in 1,650 children born to a parent with type 1 diabetes and followed from birth for the development of islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes.

RESULTS
Children delivered by cesarean section (n = 495) had more than twofold higher risk for type 1 diabetes than children born by vaginal delivery (hazard ratio [HR] 2.5; 95% CI 1.4–4.3; P = 0.001). Cesarean section did not increase the risk for islet autoantibodies (P = 0.6) but was associated with a faster progression to diabetes after the appearance of autoimmunity (P = 0.015). Cesarean section–associated risk was independent of potential confounder variables (adjusted HR 2.7;1.5–5.0; P = 0.001) and observed in children with and without high-risk HLA genotypes. Interestingly, cesarean section appeared to interact with immune response genes, including CD25 and in particular the interferon-induced helicase 1 gene, where increased risk for type 1 diabetes was only seen in children who were delivered by cesarean section and had type 1 diabetes–susceptible IFIH1 genotypes (12-year risk, 9.1 vs. &lt;3% for all other combinations; P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that type 1 diabetes risk modification by cesarean section may be linked to viral responses in the preclinical autoantibody-positive disease phase.
Antimicrobial activity of the extracts from fruits of Rumex L. species
Authors: Wegiera Magdalena , Kosikowska Urszula , Malm Anna , Smolarz Helena 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study was designed primarily to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extracts from fruits of six Rumex L. species: R. acetosa L., R. acetosella L., R. confertus Willd., R. crispus L., R. hydrolapathum Huds. and R. obtusifolius L. The 7 Grampositive and 7 Gram-negative bacteria strains and 5 fungal ones were tested by agar and broth dilution method. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) revealed that the extracts from R. confertus, R. crispus, R. hydrolapathum and R. obtusifolius exerted differential inhibitory effect on the growth of Gram-positive bacteria — staphylococci (MIC=62.5–125 µg/mL) and Gramnegative bacteria — Escherichia coli ATCC 3521, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=125→500 µg/mL); MIC values determined by agar dilution method were somewhat higher. The same extracts inhibited also the growth of fungi — Candida spp. or Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533 (MIC=250–500 µg/mL), as found by agar dilution method. The total content of polyphenols (11.66–78.36 mg/g), anthracene derivatives (0.26–12.93 mg/g) and tannins (4.00–11.16%) was also determined.
The extract from hop cones in plasma protects against changes following exposure to peroxynitrite
Authors: Olas Beata , Kołodziejczyk-Czepas Joanna , Wachowicz Barbara , Jędrejek Dariusz , Stochmal Anna , Oleszek Wiesław 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Humulus lupulus (Cannabaceae) is well known throughout the world as a raw material in the brewing industry. The antioxidative action of hop cones is poorly understood, therefore the aim of our present study was to investigate in vitro changes in human plasma induced by peroxynitrite in the presence of the highly purified extract from hop cones (Humulus lupulus). The aim of our study was also to explain the effect of the extract from hop cones on coagulation activity of human plasma treated with peroxynitrite. The action of the extract from hop cones was compared with the properties of a well-characterized commercial monomeric polyphenol — resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene). The tested plant extract, like resveratrol, significantly inhibited protein carbonylation and nitration in plasma treated with ONOO−(0.1 mM). The extract from hop cones, like resveratrol, also caused a distinct reduction of plasma lipid peroxidation induced by ONOO−. Moreover, the tested extract modulated the coagulation properties of plasma treated with peroxynitrite. It seems that antioxidative activities of the highly purified extract from hop cones may be responsible for its medicinal properties.
Effect of the MACS technique on rabbit sperm motility
Authors: Vasicek Jaromir , Makarevich Alexander , Chrenek Peter 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) separates apoptotic spermatozoa by the use of annexin V-conjugated nanoparticles which bind to phosphatidylserine that is externalized on the outer leaflet of the sperm plasma membrane. This technique yields two fractions: annexin V-negative (AnV−) and annexin V-positive (AnV+). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of MACS application on the motility parameters of rabbit spermatozoa. Rabbit semen samples collected separately from 4 bucks (I, II, III, and IV) were filtered and separated in a MACS system. The semen samples from a control (untreated) group, AnV− and AnV+ fraction were evaluated using CASA system. The experiment was replicated 4 times for each buck. The AnV+ sperm had significantly lower concentration than the AnV− fractions and the control samples (P<0.05 for bucks I, II, III, but not IV). We observed that the proportion of apoptotic spermatozoa in the semen of NZW bucks is about 20%. There was no significant difference in the percentage of motile and progressively motile spermatozoa between the AnVfractions and control samples. In conclusion, the MACS technique has no harmful effect on the rabbit sperm concentration and motility.
Biofilm formation and adhesive/invasive properties of Candida dubliniensis in comparison with Candida albicans
Authors: Kolecka Anna , Zavrel Martin , Hernandez-Barbado Rosa , Rupp Steffen , Bujdakova Helena 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans are closely related spp. exhibiting differences in their virulence potency. This study compared clinical isolates of C. dubliniensis with C. albicans from HIV patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and standard strains in power to form biofilm and their adhesive and invasive properties. Members of both spp. were able to form strong biofilms. However, SEM microscopy confirmed that C. albicans undergoes the more effective yeast-to-hyphae transition than C. dubliniensis with prevalent yeast form and limited ability to form filaments. Kinetic patterns indicated that while the first 30 min are critical for sufficient attachment to a polystyrene surface, adhesion to human carcinoma cell lines (Caco-2 and TR 146) needs additional time with maximal saturation observed at 240 min for both spp. The invasion process was tested on 3D RHE (reconstituted human epithelium) with Caco-2 or TR 146 on the collagen surface. C. albicans rapidly produced hyphae that penetrated the tissue layer, demonstrating substantive invasion within 21 h. In contrast, C. dubliniensis attached to the tissue surface and proliferated, suggesting the formation of a biofilm-like structure. After 21 h, C. dubliniensis was able to penetrate the RHE layer and invade unusually, with a cluster of the yeast cells.
Segmented interlocking nail: An in vivo evaluation of a novel humeral osteotomy fixation device in a caprine model
Authors: Montgomery R. D. , Edmondson M. A. , Stephens T. J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryObjectives: To describe a novel humeral fixation device, the insertion technique, healing of humeral osteotomies, and clinical outcomes in a caprine model over a six month period.Methods: Fourteen mature female Boer/Nubian cross goats with a mean body weight of 50.7 kg were implanted with a proprietary segmented interlocking nail (SILN) in both humeri. Each goat had one humerus randomly selected for mid-diaphyseal osteotomy.Results: Immediately after surgery all but one goat was able to stand, although none of the goats were weight bearing on the osteotomy limb. During the six month study, clinical lameness was always associated with the osteotomy limb. One month after surgery, lameness for twelve of the goats was grade 2/5 or better. At three months, 11 of the 14 did not exhibit any signs of lameness. On radio-graphic images, notable malalignment of the osteotomy was observed, although all osteotomies went to bone union.Clinical significance: The results of this study suggest that despite misalignment, the SILN maintained adequate osteotomy fixation to achieve bone union in the research model studied, with reduced morbidity and early return to function with bilateral implantation. The SILN used in this study allowed intramedullary fixation of humeral diaphyseal osteotomies with a limited and safe surgical approach.
Europol, quoi de neuf ? Une approche critique de la décision Europol
Authors: de Moor Alexandra , Vermeulen Gert 
Published: November 2011

Longtemps attendue, la décision Europol (2009) remplace la convention Europol (1995) et transforme l’Office de police européen, qui était une organisation intergouvernementale, en une agence de l’Union Européenne (UE). Cette contribution fait une analyse critique des innovations que cette décision apporte (« quoi de neuf ? »), ainsi que des choix opérés. Ceux-ci seront examinés selon six angles d’approche : la base juridique d’Europol, son objectif, la compétence qui lui est dévolue, les fonctions qui lui sont assignées, sa gouvernance et son contrôle. Ils seront évalués selon le triple critère de la nécessité, de la consistance et de la proportionnalité. Nous verrons aussi ce qui, au terme des négociations, n’a pas été retenu dans la décision. Cet article a pour ambition de donner une description nuancée de la décision Europol, qui, bien que moins originale qu’il n’y paraît, laisse néanmoins augurer d’un avenir nouveau pour l’Office de police européen.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute lung injury and ARDS
Authors: Bhadade RR , de Souza RA , Harde MJ , Khot A 
Published: November 2011

Background:
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are critical illnesses associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Aims:
This was designed to assess various etiologies of ALI/ARDS, to determine the correlation between the diagnostic criteria and need of mechanical ventilation, and to correlate biochemical factors with the outcome of patients.

Settings and Design:
An observational, prospective study was conducted in a medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a tertiary care hospital, for a period of 1 year.

Materials and Methods:
This study encompassed 58 consecutive cases of ALI/ARDS admitted to a MICU as per AECC guidelines. Patients excluded were with cardiac failure, chronic kidney diseases with fluid overload, and age below 12 years.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were analysed applying χ2 -test, multivariate logistic regression analysis of significance, using computer-based program SPSS.

Results:
There were more males (74%) than females, and presentation was more common in the younger age group, with a total mortality of 57%. Factors attributable for ALI/ARDS were malaria in 16 patients (27.6%), leptospirosis in 12 (20.7%), malaria with dengue in 3 (5.2%), undiagnosed fever in 16 (27.6%), pneumonia in 8 (13.8%), urinary tract infection in 2 (3.4%), and pancreatitis in 1 (1.7%) patient. Out of 41 patients with PaO2/FiO2 <200, 40 patients required invasive ventilation, and out of 17 patients with PaO2/FiO2 >200, 11 patients though initially managed on noninvasive ventilation (NIV) subsequently required invasive ventilation, and remaining six were successfully managed on NIV. Out of 41 patients requiring mechanical ventilation, 36 had LIS >2.5, whereas only 3 out of 17 patients with LIS <2.5 required mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion:
Malaria, leptospirosis, and undiagnosed fever were the main etiologies followed by pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and pancreatitis. Both the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and lung injury score (LIS) at the time of admission were significant predictors of the outcome and of necessity of mechanical ventilation. PaO2/FiO2 was a better predictor of duration of stay at the intensive care unit than the LIS. Sepsis, acidosis, hypotension, and multiorgan failure were individual predictors of mortality in patients with ALI/ARDS while age, sex, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, hepatic failure, and X-ray picture were not predictors of the outcome.
An evaluation of the effect of atorvastatin on memory and psychomotor functions in hypertensive patients
Authors: Prajapati S , Desai CK , Dikshit RK 
Published: November 2011

Background:
The effect of statins on memory and psychomotor function has been controversial and needs further evaluation.

Aims:
To evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on memory and psychomotor functions in hypertensive patients treated with enalapril or amlodipine.

Settings and Design:
Prospective, comparative, non-randomized, before-after, open-label clinical study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Western India.

Materials and Methods:
Memory was evaluated with PGI (Post Graduate Institute, Chandigarh) Memory Scale, while psychomotor functions were evaluated with Digit Letter Substitution test, Six Letter Cancellation test, and Finger Tapping test at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months of starting atorvastatin in 74 hypertensive patients who were prescribed either enalapril or amlodipine with or without atorvastatin 10 mg/day. Scores obtained in patients receiving enalapril or amlodipine were compared with those receiving these drugs along with atorvastatin. Memory and psychomotor functions of 12 healthy volunteers were also evaluated and compared with those of the patients at respective time periods.

Statistical Analysis:
Student's t test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and Mann Whitney U test were used to compare the pre- and post-treatment scores of memory and psychomotor functions in various groups. Statistical significance was considered at P<0.05.

Results:
A statistically significant improvement in scores of memory and psychomotor functions was observed in both healthy volunteers (P=0.009 and P=0.016) and hypertensive patients (P=0.008 and P=0.031) throughout the study period. Memory and psychomotor function in hypertensive patients remained significantly inferior to those of healthy volunteers (P=0.01 and P=0.018). There was no significant difference in the scores of memory and psychomotor functions between patients receiving atorvastatin and those not receiving this drug.

Conclusion:
Atorvastatin, at 10 mg/day dose, does not have any significant effect on memory and psychomotor functions in hypertensive patients treated with enalapril or amlodipine.
Severe and critical cases of H1N1 influenza in pregnancy
Authors: Liu J , Li Q , Cui H , Liu C 
Published: November 2011

Context:
In 2009, an outbreak of A/H1N1 influenza spread worldwide. Following the start of winter in Liaoning province in China, the number of pregnant women infected with influenza increased significantly. Some of them developed respiratory failure and multiple organ failure.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the high-risk factors associated with the development of critical illness in the hospitalized pregnant women with A/H1N1 infection.

Settings and Design:
This retrospective cohort study was carried out in the tertiary care obstetric department of a large general hospital.

Materials and Methods:
The clinical data of H1N1 pregnant women hospitalized from November 2009 to January 2010 was reviewed. We classified these cases into severe and critical grades according to H1N1 influenza treatment guidelines. We selected maternal age, gestational age, and the time interval between symptom-onset and hospital admission as related factors of critical illness.

Statistical Analysis:
Logistic regression analyses to determine the relevance and importance of factors significantly associated with critical illness.

Results:
Eighteen cases of H1N1 influenza pregnant women were admitted. Ten pregnant women were severe cases and eight pregnant women were critical cases. The maternal age (OR=0.979, 95% CI: 0.749~1.279)and the time interval between symptom-onset and hospital admission (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 0.917~2.169) were not found to be risk factors for critical cases. The significant risk factor associated with critical illness is gestational age (OR=53.726, 95% CI: 131.165~2477.918). The risk varied by weeks of gestation, with an odds ratio of 1.034 (95% CI: 0.968-1.106) during the first trimester, 9.667 (95% CI: 0.750-124.59) during the second trimester, and 87 (95% CI: 6.750-1121.39) during the third trimester.

Conclusions:
Gestational age is associated with the risk of developing critical infection. The risk increases with increasing weeks of gestation.
Diabetes insipidus as the first symptom caused by lung cancer metastasis to the pituitary glands
Authors: Mao JF , Zhang JL , Nie M , Lu SH , Wu XY 
Published: November 2011

Background:
Central diabetes insipidus (CDI), secondary to pituitary metastatic lesions, is uncommon; however, lung and breast cancer are the commonest malignancies to have metastases to the pituitary. Early management of systemic chemotherapy and pituitary irradiation might improve the prognosis of patients.

Aims:
To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of CDI caused by lung cancer metastasis to the pituitary glands.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients who had CDI as their first symptom before their lung cancers were diagnosed. Their clinical presentations, anterior pituitary gland function, sellar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), management, and prognosis were described.

Settings and Design:
This retrospective cross-sectional clinical study was conducted in a medical college hospital.

Results:
The patient's mean age was 58.6±7.8 years. Diabetes insipidus was the main complaint when they were referred to our hospital. MRI revealed specific dumbbell-shaped masses in the sella turcica in five patients. In seven patients whose hormones were measured, the levels of hormones from adenohypophysis were abnormally low in six patients. The main treatments included surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and sellar irradiation. Although nine patients had poor prognoses, one patient has survived for more than 3 years, suggesting benefit from early diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusions:
New-onset CDI might be the only symptom presented by the patients with pituitary metastasis (PM) from lung cancer. Dumbbell-shaped sellar masses in MRI are prone to the diagnosis of PM. A thorough examination for primary cancer should be carried out in these aged and elderly patients.
The Early Cinema ofEdwinS.Porter
Authors: Musser Charles 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIt might seem an indulgence to have an essay reprinted that is now more than 30 years old, but “The Early Cinema of Edwin S. Porter” has the virtue of raising basic issues that remain part of the debates still swirling around cinema of the early 1900s. Not only does it stand up in most of its essentials, but this effort also retains a freshness (a sense of working through a problem for the first time) and urgency that would be difficult to resurrect. Nonetheless, some introductory comments might provide a useful commentary and historical context for this essay.
From Peep Show to Picture Palace
Authors: Abel Richard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDuring the 20‐year period from 1894 to 1914, the exhibition of motion pictures underwent an extraordinary transformation. A young man or woman standing in a Kinetoscope parlor, in 1894, viewing a short continuous filmstrip loop in a peephole device would have a very different sense of motion pictures 12 years later, as part of a nickelodeon audience, viewing a series of short films projected on a wall screen. Then again, just eight years later, in 1914, he or she would have an equally different sense of motion pictures as a spectator, sitting comfortably in a palace cinema, engrossed in a feature‐length film, accompanied by orchestral music. Yet these three sites — the Kinetoscope parlor, nickelodeon, and palace cinema — hardly convey the wide range of venues, noncommercial as well as commercial, that screened motion pictures during those years. What follows stages a panorama of those venues, moving more or less chronologically through a series of major stages in the transformation of exhibition, and linking those stages to parallel changes in how motion pictures were distributed.
Erich von Stroheim and Cecil B. DeMille
Authors: Studlar Gaylyn 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCecil B. DeMille and Erich von Stroheim were two of the most important filmmakers to emerge in the early years of Hollywood feature film production. Their legacies now are perceived — rightfully — as having been of a radically different order. DeMille has come to epitomize the commercially savvy studio director who cultivated the public persona of an American “showman.” Over a career that spanned five decades, his name recognition revolved around a legacy of popularity and longevity. Rather than retaining recognition as a motion picture innovator and visual artist of the silent era, DeMille is now remembered almost exclusively as the director of entertaining, star‐studded film spectacles of the sound era that commercially exploited low‐ and medium‐brow tastes. By way of contrast, von Stroheim has grown to become one of the central referents in discussions of Hollywood's victimization of artists. An uncompromising perfectionist and proponent of naturalism, von Stroheim saw his vision thwarted by the industry. Through their triumph over him, producers consolidated their power in a move that would define the studio system for the next 40 years. For von Stroheim, that milestone was a tragic one that led writer Jim Tully to call the director, “the first man of genius and original talent to break his heart against the stone wall of cinema imbecility” (Tully 1927, 71).