bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant intrinsic brain activity and cognitive deficit in first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia
Authors: He Z. , Deng W. , Li M. , Chen Z. , Jiang L. , Wang Q. , Huang C. , Collier D. A. , Gong Q. , Ma X. , Zhang N. , Li T. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundGiven the important role of the default mode network (DMN) in cognitive function and the well-known neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia, it is intriguing to examine systematically the relationship between neurocognitive dysfunction and aberrant intrinsic activities, and also functional connectivity, of the DMN in patients with schizophrenia.MethodFirst-episode, treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia (FES) (n = 115) and healthy controls (n = 113) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans and neurocognitive tests. Intrinsic neural activities evaluated by using the fragment amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and the resting-state functional connectivity assessed by seed-based correlational analysis were compared between patients and controls. Aberrant intrinsic activities and DMN connectivity in patients were then correlated to neurocognitive performance and clinical symptoms.ResultsCompared to controls, patients with FES showed decreased fALFF in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and increased fALFF in the bilateral putamen. Increased functional connectivity with the DMN was observed in the left insula and bilateral dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) in patients with FES. In patients, aberrant fALFF in the bilateral OFC were correlated with cognitive processing speed; fALFF in the left OFC and right putamen were correlated with the clinical factors excited/activation and disorganization; and increased DMN functional connectivity in the left insula was correlated with the clinical factors positive, excited/activation, disorganization and neurocognitive deficit in the domain of sustained attention.ConclusionsThese associations between neurocognitive dysfunction and aberrant intrinsic activities, and also functional connectivity, of the DMN in patients with schizophrenia may provide important insights into the neural mechanism of the disease.
The role of accessibility of semantic word knowledge in monolingual and bilingual fifth-grade reading
Authors: CREMER M. , SCHOONEN R. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe influences of word decoding, availability, and accessibility of semantic word knowledge on reading comprehension were investigated for monolingual (n = 65) and bilingual children (n = 70). Despite equal decoding abilities, monolingual children outperformed bilingual children with regard to reading comprehension and availability of semantic word knowledge. Individual differences in reading comprehension were accounted for by differences in availability of semantic word knowledge and to a lesser extent by speed of access to this semantic knowledge. Speed of access accounted for variance in reading comprehension beyond the variance accounted for by decoding and availability of semantic knowledge. A path model suggests that reading comprehension differences between monolinguals and bilinguals are mediated by availability of semantic knowledge. Analyses showed no significant interaction between predictor variables and language background. A multigroup analysis distinguishing proficient and less proficient comprehenders showed a small difference between the two proficiency groups, suggesting that the lexical–semantic variables are more predictive of reading proficiency in the proficient group than in the less proficient group.
Cross-linguistic differences in prosodic cues to syntactic disambiguation in German and English
Authors: O'BRIEN MARY GRANTHAM , JACKSON CARRIE N. , GARDNER CHRISTINE E. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examined whether late-learning English–German second language (L2) learners and late-learning German–English L2 learners use prosodic cues to disambiguate temporarily ambiguous first language and L2 sentences during speech production. Experiments 1a and 1b showed that English–German L2 learners and German–English L2 learners used a pitch rise and pitch accent to disambiguate PP-attachment sentences in German. However, the same participants, as well as monolingual English speakers, only used pitch accent to disambiguate similar English sentences. Taken together, these results indicate the L2 learners used prosody to disambiguate sentences in both of their languages and did not fully transfer cues to disambiguation from their first language to their L2. The results have implications for the acquisition of L2 prosody and the interaction between prosody and meaning in L2 production.
Do you have a question for me? How children with Williams syndrome respond to ambiguous referential communication during a joint activity
Authors: SKWERER DANIELA PLESA , AMMERMAN EMILY , TAGER-FLUSBERG HELEN 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTResearch on language in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) has been fueled by persistent theoretical controversies for two decades. These shifted from initial focus on dissociations between language and cognition functions, to examining the paradox of socio-communicative impairments despite high sociability and relatively proficient expressive language. We investigated possible sources of communicative difficulties in WS in a collaborative referential communication game. Five- to thirteen-year-old children with WS were compared to verbal mental age- and to chronological age-matched typically developing children in their ability to consider different types of information to select a speaker's intended referent from an array of items. Significant group differences in attention deployment to object locations, and in the number and types of clarification requests, indicated the use of less efficient and less mature strategies for reference resolution in WS than expected based on mental age, despite learning effects similar to those of the comparison groups, shown as the game progressed.
Towards a variational theory of phase transitions involving curvature
Authors: Moser Roger 
Published: August 2012

An anisotropic area functional is often used as a model for the free energy of a crystal surface. For models of faceting, the anisotropy is typically such that the functional becomes non-convex, and then it may be appropriate to regularize it with an additional term involving curvature. When the weight of the curvature term tends to zero, this gives rise to a singular perturbation problem.The structure of this problem is comparable to the theory of phase transitions studied first by Modica and Mortola. Their ideas are also useful in this context, but they have to be combined with adequate geometric tools. In particular, a variant of the theory of curvature varifolds, introduced by Hutchinson, is used in this paper. This allows an analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of the energy functionals.
General uniqueness results and blow-up rates for large solutions of elliptic equations
Authors: Huang Shuibo , Li Wan-Tong , Tian Qiaoyu , Mi Yongsheng 
Published: August 2012

Making use of the Karamata regular variation theory and the López-Gómez localization method, we establish the uniqueness and asymptotic behaviour near the boundary ∂Ω for the large solutions of the singular boundary-value problemwhere Ω is a smooth bounded domain in ℝN. The weight function b(x) is a non-negative continuous function in the domain, which can vanish on the boundary ∂Ω at different rates according to the point x0 ∊ ∂Ω. f(u) is locally Lipschitz continuous such that f(u)/u is increasing on (0, ∞) and f(u)/up = H(u) for sufficiently large u and p > 1, here H(u) is slowly varying at infinity. Our main result provides a sharp extension of a recent result of Xie with f satisfying limu→f(u)/up = H for some positive constants H > 0 and p > 1.
Existence of semiclassical ground-state solutions for semilinear elliptic systems
Authors: Wang Jun , Xu Junxiang , Zhang Fubao 
Published: August 2012

This paper is concerned with the following semilinear elliptic equations of the formwhere ε is a small positive parameter, and where f and g denote superlinear and subcritical nonlinearity. Suppose that b(x) has at least one maximum. We prove that the system has a ground-state solution (ψε, φε) for all sufficiently small ε > 0. Moreover, we show that (ψε, φε) converges to the ground-state solution of the associated limit problem and concentrates to a maxima point of b(x) in certain sense, as ε → 0. Furthermore, we obtain sufficient conditions for nonexistence of ground-state solutions.
Les besoins non comblés de services à domicile chez les aînés canadiens
Authors: Busque Marc-Antoine , Légaré Jacques 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTBased on data from the 2002 General Social Survey, this research presents a global portrait of unmet needs for home care services among Canadians aged 65 and over. It shows that 26.8% of seniors need assistance, accounting for approximately 1,024,000 individuals. Among these, just over 180,000 (17.7%) had at least one unmet need. In nearly half the cases, elderly with unmet needs receive insufficient support for 2 activities or more. Furthermore, house cleaning, house maintenance and outdoor work are the three activities with the highest prevalence of unmet needs. Finally, the younger seniors, those who require assistance for 3 or 4 activities and those living in Quebec and British Columbia are most likely to have unmet needs.
The 19 September 1985 Mexico Earthquake: Technical Problems
Authors: Hays Walter W. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe September 19, 1985, Mexico earthquake reminded scientists and engineers of the importance of considering soil amplification effects in earthquake-resistant design. The Mexico earthquake illustrated the “worst case”—the ground response and the building response occurring at approximately the same period, 2 seconds. This resonance phenomenon was predictable on the basis of similar experiences in past earthquakes. A number of areas in the United States also exhibit significant predictable soil amplification effects. Special steps are needed in these areas to mitigate the potential damage and losses that could occur in future earthquakes.
Mexico City Earthquake: Medical Response
Authors: Villazon-Sahagun Alberto 
Published: August 2012

The earthquake that shook Mexico City could not have chosen a more vulnerable target. The capital city is located in the center of the world's most populated area. Some 18 million people, one fourth of the nation's inhabitants, are jammed into a mere 890 square miles, roughly 1% of the predominantly rural area. It is estimated that nearly one third of all families in Mexico City live huddled together in a single room and the average family has five members.Besides being a densely populated area, Mexico City was founded on a shaky geological base that makes it specially susceptible to tremors. The first human settlements were made on the soft, humid clay of an old lake bed. The city has been constantly sinking through the years and some buildings are even tilted sideways, therefore having a greater risk in case of earth movements.
Dog Rescue Teams
Authors: Wallace Linda 
Published: August 2012

This presentation will discuss search dogs in general, their training, and the experience the dog teams had in the Mexico City earthquake. All of the search dogs in Mexico City, those from the U.S. and other countries, are trained similarly and have a similar job to do. What I will do is explain how the dogs are trained and what they can do.It is my intention to discuss air scenting dogs, their use and training. You have to remember that the dog and the handler are a team and they train together, they live together, and they work together. The discussion will focus only on the dogs' training.
Issue Identification
Authors: Ramzy Ameen I. 
Published: August 2012

I won't pretend that I can summarize everything that has been said here in the past 2½ days or that I can capsulize the most important things that have been said. What I will do is comment on three areas, underlining those that have had an impact on me and, I suggest, are things that we should think about.I'll divide my comments into three areas: first, a few aphorisms; second, a few issues that have been raised; and third, some recommendations.
The Development of Emergency Medical Services in Southern Africa
Authors: Wilby John M. 
Published: August 2012

Because of its relatively sophisticated infrastructure and the direct and indirect assistance rendered to neighboring states, this paper concentrates on South Africa and those factors which influence the development of Emergency Medical Services on the sub-continent.Renowned for its scenic beauty, its natural resources, wild life, flora and generally attractive climate, South Africa is a country about two thirds the size of the European Economic Community and approximately one eighth the size of the United States with a population of over 25 million. The current worldwide interest in its internal affairs underlines its mixture of first and third world status and the unique complexity of its society.The needs of the poorer sections of the community, the usual diseases prevalent among the more affluent, coupled with one of the world's worst road accident records stimulate demands for good Emergency Medical Services.
Organizing an Effective Hospital Disaster Committee
Authors: Rice Marilyn L. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe disaster committee is a mechanism for educating health care workers for the unpredictable consequences of serious natural and manmade calamities. Planning is the key, and the disaster committee must strive toward this challenging objective.A persistent and positive attitude can make the difference between the disaster committee's success of failure. By using some very old principles of good management and organization, and adding some new concepts, a disaster committee can be an effective and worthwhile venture.
War Surgery
Authors: Scott Robert 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYWar injury carries a high mortality, particularly for soldiers. In some individuals it may be necessary to recognize that the nature of the injury precludes any successful treatment. In the vast majority, life threatening situations can be averted by proper front-line management on the way to surgery and to the adherence by anesthetists and surgeons of the principles of war surgery which have slowly evolved over many years.
Management of Infections and Complications During the Falkland Islands Campaign
Authors: Shouler Phillip J. , Leichester Roger J. , Mellor Simon 
Published: August 2012

Throughout history complications of military trauma and in particular infection, have been responsible for countless deaths and other serious morbidity. In fact in major conflicts in the not too distant past, deaths from infection of battle wounds have almost equalled the number of deaths from the enemy action itself. It is obviously a tragic and avoidable situation and one that surgeons can be directly instrumental in removing.Unfortunately, we are guilty of not learning from the lessons of history. Every major conflict brings either a new surgical technique or therapeutic aid which tempts surgeons and physicians alike to ignore simple principles of military surgery, and by their treating these wounds incorrectly, creates a whole new chapter of iatrogenically induced mortality.
Heart Disease Awareness and Intervention Training: An Alternative to Citizen CPR
Authors: Thrasher Craig L. , Thrasher Margaret R. 
Published: August 2012

Each year in the United States 700,000 people die from the sudden onset of heart attack symptoms. Of these deaths over 350,000 occur in the prehospital setting. Many of these deaths are felt to be avoidable if a greater number of the lay public were trained in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.In the twenty-five years since Kouwenhoven, et al, suggested that closed chest cardiac compression and mouth-to-mouth artificial ventilation may artificially produce a satisfactory oxygenated systemic blood flow, there have been thousands of published research reports and articles focused upon a broad spectrum of subtopics ranging from the improvement of these techniques to the training of the lay rescuer. Knopp has suggested some parameters within which new CPR techniques must fall. First, any new skill should be applicable to the field setting. Second, the techniques should be simple to apply. And thirdly, any new techniques must be statistically linked with a significant increase in survival rates. Citizen Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) has taken on almost religious connotations. A national strategy has been adopted by the American Heart Association and American Red Cross to train the lay public using a variety of training techniques of varying lengths.
Doctors and Lifeboats
Authors: Middleton G.W. 
Published: August 2012

In 1823, Sir William Hilary published a pamphlet entitled “An Appeal to the British Nation on the Humanity and Policy of forming a National Institution for the preservation of Lives and Property from Shipwreck” —and there is no doubt that his drive led to the formation of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1824.Two short quotations from his pamphlet read: “The succour and support of those persons who may be rescued, the promptly obtaining medical aid, food, clothing and shelter for those who may require such relief,” and “The assistance of medical men who would enrol themselves to be ready to attend, might frequently be of the utmost importance to succour and restore those who might have sustained severe injury or whose lives might be nearly extinct.”
Simulation of an Aircraft Accident at Brussels Airport
Authors: Labeeu Fr , de Backer M , Bellanger C 
Published: August 2012

The exercise held at Brussels Airport was carried out by inexperienced personnel to highlight the most common errors and shortcomings of an existing disaster plan.INCIDENT COMMUNICATIONOnce an aircraft is known to be in trouble, all the nearby fire brigades are alerted by means of the unique call number 900 and move to take up their stand-by position close to the landing point. The Military Hospital is also alerted and sends out a liaison car, with a doctor among its occupants. This car joins the stand-by position. Once the aircraft has crashed, the fire engines rush to the site and all the major university hospitals and the Military Hospital are notified by the same 900-code number. Disaster teams arrive by road.This report is almost exclusively limited to aspects of rescue, triage, on-site stabilization, and evacuation of the casualties.
Quality Assurance in Disaster Planning: A Waste of Time?
Authors: Prendal B. 
Published: August 2012

In defining our terms we must ask ourselves—how many aircraft accidents occur and where do the majority of them happen?Figure 1 shows the total number of losses to be 318 over a 25 year period, the average being around 12 per year. While 1984 was a better than average year when only 7 losses occurred.
Experience of a Medical Team at the Harbo Refugee Camp in Ethiopia
Authors: Adler J. 
Published: August 2012

The famine presently ravaging the population of the Sahel belt in Central Africa is not a new occurrence. In the last 15 years, hundreds of thousands of people have died because of malnutrition and disease, caused by the successive failure of crops. In addition to the lack of adequate rainfalls, many other factors have contributed to the present situation:• Overgrazing of available land by increasing numbers of livestock.• Failure of the governments involved to modernize their agriculture by irrigation programs, fertilization, etc.• Consummation of grains for seeding and livestock by the famine stricken population—preventing rehabilitation.
Information Systems in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Manni C. , Magalini S.I. , Proietti R. 
Published: August 2012

In Emergency Medicine the need for information is vital.Our experience is mainly concentrated in the use of computers in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the Laboratory and the Anti-Poison Center. We have gained experience with several different types of computers: Personal computers, interfaced with analytical instruments and equipped for graphic representation, have been used in the ICU and the Laboratory. In the Anti-Poison Center terminals connected to a main frame with virtually an unlimited memory and capacity allows the storage of a large amount of data and the performance of complex permutations.
ROOTS OF UNITY AS QUOTIENTS OF TWO ROOTS OF A POLYNOMIAL
Authors: DUBICKAS ARTŪRAS 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLetKbe a number field. Forf∈K[x], we give an upper bound on the least positive integerT=T(f) such that no quotient of two distinctTth powers of roots offis a root of unity. For each ε>0 and eachf∈ℚ[x] of degreed≥d(ε) we prove that$\log T(f)\lt (2+\varepsilon )\sqrt {d \log d}$. In the opposite direction, we show that the constant 2 cannot be replaced by a number smaller than 1 . These estimates are useful in the study of degenerate and nondegenerate linear recurrence sequences over a number fieldK.
Effects of high-energy astrophysical events on habitable planets
Authors: Horvath Jorge E. , Galante Douglas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWith the possible exception of meteor impacts, high-energy astrophysical events such as supernovae, gamma-ray bursts (GRB) and flares are usually not taken into account for biological and evolutionary studies due to their low rates of occurrence. We show that a class of these events may occur at distances and time scales in which their biological effects are non-negligible, maybe more frequent than the impacts of large asteroids. We review the effects of four transient astrophysical sources of ionizing radiation on biospheres – stellar flares, giant flares from soft gamma repeaters (SGR), supernovae and GRB. The main damaging features of them are briefly discussed and illustrated. We point out some open problems and ongoing work.
A Validation Study of the CEFR Levels of Phrasal Verbs in the English Vocabulary Profile
Authors: Negishi Masashi , Tono Yukio , Fujita Yoshihito 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article reports on a part of the development and validation project for the English Vocabulary Profile (EVP). The previous version of the EVP included 439 phrasal verbs as well as 4,666 individual word entries. Each of their meanings is ordered according to its CEFR level. The aims of the study are to identify the actual difficulty of each phrasal verb, to validate the tentative decision of the CEFR levels, and also to explore factors that explain the difficulties, by using textbook corpora. In order to carry out this research, we developed a phrasal verb test of 100 items, consisting of four A1 items, nineteen A2 items, forty B1 items and thirty-seven B2 items. Approximately 1,600 Japanese students took this test. We analysed the test data, using item response theory. The results of the test show that although the average difficulties of the phrasal verbs in each level were ordered according to the level prediction, the ranges of the difficulties in each level overlapped. The analysis of textbook corpora reveals that there is a complex relationship between the difficulty levels of phrasal verbs and their frequencies in the textbooks. We discuss its implications and possible improvements for the EVP.