bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialization in the default mode: Task‐induced brain deactivations dissociate between visual working memory and attention
Authors: Mayer Jutta S. , Roebroeck Alard , Maurer Konrad , Linden David E.J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe idea of an organized mode of brain function that is present as default state and suspended during goal‐directed behaviors has recently gained much interest in the study of human brain function. The default mode hypothesis is based on the repeated observation that certain brain areas show task‐induced deactivations across a wide range of cognitive tasks. In this event‐related functional resonance imaging study we tested the default mode hypothesis by comparing common and selective patterns of BOLD deactivation in response to the demands on visual attention and working memory (WM) that were independently modulated within one task. The results revealed task‐induced deactivations within regions of the default mode network (DMN) with a segregation of areas that were additively deactivated by an increase in the demands on both attention and WM, and areas that were selectively deactivated by either high attentional demand or WM load. Attention‐selective deactivations appeared in the left ventrolateral and medial prefrontal cortex and the left lateral temporal cortex. Conversely, WM‐selective deactivations were found predominantly in the right hemisphere including the medial‐parietal, the lateral temporo‐parietal, and the medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, during WM encoding deactivated regions showed task‐specific functional connectivity. These findings demonstrate that task‐induced deactivations within parts of the DMN depend on the specific characteristics of the attention and WM components of the task. The DMN can thus be subdivided into a set of brain regions that deactivate indiscriminately in response to cognitive demand (“the core DMN”) and a part whose deactivation depends on the specific task. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A model of knowledge‐sharing motivation
Authors: Gagné Marylène 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this article, I present a model of knowledge‐sharing motivation based on a combination of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self‐determination theory (SDT), along with a review of research supporting the model and suggestions for future research and methodologies to study knowledgesharing behavior. I also give suggestions for designing five important human resource management (HRM) practices, including staffing, job design, performance and compensation systems, managerial styles, and training. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interunit interaction contexts, interpersonal social capital, and the differing levels of knowledge sharing
Authors: Mäkelä Kristiina , Brewster Chris 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFirms use different structural arrangements to carry out their internal work, and interunit interactions that take place in the context of these arrangements may have different consequences for knowledge sharing. We explore four contexts of such interunit interaction—interunit meetings, project groups, cross‐border teams, and expatriate/ repatriate interactions—and we examine the extent to which they are associated with social capital and knowledge sharing. Data from structured interviews with multinational corporation (MNC) managers, which we explored using MANCOVA/ANCOVA and regression analysis, showed that cross‐border and expatriate/repatriate interaction contexts are associated with more interpersonal trust and shared cognitive ground than interunit meeting and project group ones, and the expatriate/repatriate context with more shared cognitive ground than all other contexts. The regression results show a significant relationship between the cross‐border team and expatriate/repatriate contexts and knowledge sharing. We also find that affective and cognitive social capital mediate the relationship between cross‐border team and expatriate/repatriate contexts and knowledge sharing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic HR: global applications from IBM
Authors: Morris Shad S. , Calamai Robert 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAs business leaders increasingly understand the importance of effectively managing a global workforce, attention turns to the human resource (HR) function. But as HR groups focus largely on best practices, they lose sight of the constantly shifting demands of a global environment that requires next practices. We propose a new Dynamic HR framework that allows HR managers constantly to renew and reintegrate their practices throughout the organization in a way that focuses on flexible entrepreneurship and coordinated networking among dispersed HR managers. Such demands require HR managers who not only are connected with one another across the globe, but also are one step ahead of shifting local and global demands. Using practical examples from IBM, we discuss techniques that might help HR become more dynamic. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elevated mPer1 gene expression in tumor stroma imaged through bioluminescence
Authors: Geusz Michael E. , Blakely Kenneth T. , Hiler Daniel J. , Jamasbi Roudabeh J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe tumor stroma has significant effects on cancer cell growth and metastasis. Interactions between cancer and stromal cells shape tumor progression through poorly understood mechanisms. One factor regulating tumor growth is the circadian timing system that generates daily physiological rhythms throughout the body. Clock genes such as mPer1 serve in molecular timing events of circadian oscillators and when mutated can disrupt circadian rhythms and accelerate tumor growth. Stimulation of mPer1 by cytokines suggests that the timing of circadian oscillators may be altered by these tumor‐derived signals. To explore tumor and stromal interactions, the pattern of mPer1 expression was imaged in tumors generated through subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Several imaging studies have used bioluminescent cancer cell lines expressing firefly luciferase to image tumor growth in live mice. In contrast, this study used non‐bioluminescent cancer cells to produce tumors within transgenic mice expressing luciferase controlled by the mPer1 gene promoter. Bioluminescence originated only in host cells and was significantly elevated throughout the tumor stroma. It was detected through the skin of live mice or by imaging the tumor directly. No effects on the circadian timing system were detected during three weeks of tumor growth according to wheel‐running rhythms. Similarly, no effects on mPer1 expression outside the tumor were found. These results suggest that mPer1 activity may play a localized role in the interactions between cancer and stromal cells. The effects might be exploited clinically by targeting the circadian clock genes of stromal cells.
Inflammatory disease and cancer with a decrease in Kupffer cell numbers in Nucling‐knockout mice
Authors: Sakai Takashi , Liu Li , Teng Xichuan , Ishimaru Naozumi , Mukai‐Sakai Rika , Tran Nam Hoang , Kim Sun Mi , Sano Nobuya , Hayashi Yoshio , Kaji Ryuji , Fukui Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNucling is a stress‐inducible protein associated with apoptosomes. The cytochrome c‐triggered formation of apoptosomes represents a key‐initiating event in apoptosis. We have recently reported that Nucling regulates the apoptotic pathway by controlling the activation of NF‐κB as well. Here we show that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising spontaneously against a background of hepatitis occurred more frequently in Nucling‐knockout (KO) mice than wild‐type (WT) mice. Biochemical serum testing revealed potential liver dysfunction with hypercholesterolemia in Nucling‐KO males. In the background of Nucling‐KO mice, we observed the up‐regulation of TNFα, spontaneous NF‐κB‐activation and the induction of galectin‐3 expression in liver. In addition, we observed a decrease in the number of Kupffer cells (KCs) in the KO mice. KCs are important for the hepatic immune system, acting as phagocytes or antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). We found that KCs in Nucling‐KO mice were apoptotic possibly through the up‐regulation of TNFα. These observations indicate that Nucling is important for the regulation of NF‐κB signals in liver. We propose that Nucling deficiency could be a powerful tool to reveal the NF‐κB‐related molecular networks leading to hepatitis and HCC development.
In vivo comparison of wear particles between highly crosslinked polyethylene and conventional polyethylene in the same design of total knee arthroplasties
Authors: Iwakiri Kentaro , Minoda Yukihide , Kobayashi Akio , Sugama Ryo , Iwaki Hiroyoshi , Inori Fumiaki , Hashimoto Yusuke , Ohashi Hirotsugu , Ohta Yoichi , Fukunaga Kenji , Takaoka Kunio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractReduction of wear with highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) has been reported in in vitro and in vivo studies of total hip prostheses. However, use of HXLPE in total knee prostheses is still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo polyethylene wear particle generation of HXLPE with that of conventional polyethylene in total knee prostheses of the same design. Synovial fluid was obtained from four knees with HXLPE inserts and three knees with conventional polyethylene inserts at 1 year after operation. Polyethylene particles were isolated and examined using a scanning electron microscope and image analyzer. The total number of particles in each knee was 0.28 ± 0.12 × 106 in HXPLE group (mean ± standard error) and 6.87 ± 2.85 × 106 in conventional polyethylene group (p = 0.040). Particle size (equivalent circle diameter) was 0.64 ± 0.07 μm in HXPLE group and 1.21 ± 0.21 μm in conventional polyethylene group (p = 0.030). Particle shape (aspect ratio) was 1.33 ± 0.10 in HXLPE and 1.88 ± 0.19 in conventional polyethylene (p = 0.035). Thepercentage of particles of submicron size was greater than 90% in HXLPE group and 55% in conventional polyethylene group. Except for the material of the polyethylene insert, the design and material of prostheses were completely the same in both groups. The HXLPE insert generated fewer, smaller, and rounder polyethylene wear particles than the conventional polyethylene insert in the early stage after surgery. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Investigation of viscoelastoplastic response of bone tissue in oral implants press fit process
Authors: Natali Arturo N. , Carniel Emanuele L. , Pavan Piero G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAccording to the standard surgical protocols, the press fit is obtained inserting an implant in a drilled hole that is provided with a lower diameter. In this way, it is induced a relevant strain state in the peri‐implant bone that favors the primary stability of the implant. Experimental evaluation of this phenomenon is very difficult and does not offer a complete set of information. A numerical analysis is adopted to describe the mechanical phenomena occurring in the peri‐implant tissue. At this purpose, suitable constitutive models are adopted for the bone tissue for the evaluation of plastic and viscous effects caused by the real strain field induced. Specific numerical procedures are developed to model the press fit action of an implant against the surrounding bone tissue and the subsequent viscoelastoplastic effects determined. The results of the numerical analysis make it possible to estimate the deformation caused by the insertion of the implant and the evolutionary trend after insertion by considering the inelastic time‐dependent behavior of bone tissue in peri‐implant region. According to the viscous characteristic of the bone tissue, the numerical analyses show a stress relaxation in the order of 30% around the implant. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Influence of surface treatments on surface roughness, phase transformation, and biaxial flexural strength of Y‐TZP ceramics
Authors: Karakoca Seçil , Yılmaz Handan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of surface grinding and sandblasting on surface roughness, phase chances, and biaxial flexural strength of yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y‐TZP) materials. Thirty disk specimens of Cercon (C), DentaCAD (DC), Zirkonzahn (ZZ) were fabricated. The specimens were divided into three groups according to surface treatment (control, ground, and sandblasted). Surface roughness was measured, and X‐ray diffraction analysis was performed. Finally, biaxial flexural strength was determined. The data was analyzed by two‐way ANOVA. Weibull statistics was used to analyze the variability of strength. The effects of surface treatments on surface roughness values were different for each material. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that control groups of C and ZZ were composed of tetragonal zirconia. Relative amount of monoclinic zirconia (SD) was 7.366 (0.716)% in the DC control group. In all materials, transformation occurred after treatments. Grinding decreased and sandblasting increased the strength of control groups in all materials. Ground C and DC specimens had higher Weibull modulus than control groups while lower m was found for ground ZZ. Sandblasting, resulted in lower m compared with grinding for all materials although increased strength. The roughness and crystalline phase of Y‐TZP materials were influenced by surface treatments. Biaxial flexural strength of materials decreased after grinding and increased after sandblasting. The low m of sandblasted groups may indicate further weakening of the materials, resulting in unexpected failures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
The effect of loading on μTBS of four all‐in‐one adhesives on bonding to dentin
Authors: Belli Sema , Özçopur Betül , Yeşilyurt Cemal , Bulut Güneş , Ding Xingzhe , Dorsman Greg 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis in vitro study analyzed the effect of mechanical loading on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin of four all‐in‐one adhesives and compared with a total‐etch adhesive system. The tested adhesives were Danville Experimental (an unfilled single‐component adhesive containing a proprietary organophosphate and hydrophobic monomers; Danville Materials), G Bond (GC), Clearfil S3 Bond (Kuraray), AdheSE One (Vivadent), and Prelude Total‐Etch (Danville Materials). Dentin surfaces were exposed and composite resin (AP‐X, Kuraray) build‐ups were created. The samples were divided into two subgroups and the first subgroups were subjected to mechanical fatigue loading (5 × 104; 50 Nat 0.2 Hz). Testing was performed after 1 week using a “nontrimming” μTBS test at a cross head speed of 1 mm/min. The data was calculated as MPa and statistically analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Multiple comparisons were done using t‐test. Mechanical loading significantly decreased μTBS of the tested materials (p = 0.000). Prelude Total‐etch showed the highest bond strength values when compared to the tested all‐in‐one adhesives (p < 0.01). G Bond and Clearfil S3 Bond showed significantly higher bond strength values than Danville Experimental and AdheSE One (p < 0.01). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
The presence of periosteum is essential for the healing of large diaphyseal segmental bone defects reconstructed with trabecular metal: A study in the femur of goats
Authors: Bullens Pieter H. J. , Schreuder H. W. Bart , Malefijt Maarten C. de Waal , Verdonschot Nico , Buma Pieter 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLarge segmental diaphyseal bone defects can be reconstructed with massive structural allografts, but this technique is associated with high complication rates. Tantalum tabecular metal implants have been successfully used to restore bone defects associated with revision total knee or hip arthroplasties. The aim of this study was to investigate if tantalum cylinders could be used to reconstruct large load bearing segmental diaphyseal bone defects in the presence or absence of a periosteum coverage. Segmental bone defects were reconstructed with tantalum cylinders with or without preservation of the periosteum and stabilized by an intramedullary nail. Radiological analysis was performed postop and at 26 weeks follow‐up. New bone was labeled with fluorochromes at 13 and 26 weeks follow‐up. Reconstructions were tested mechanically and subsequently investigated histologically. Contra‐lateral femurs were used as controls. Clinically all goats returned to normal functional loading after 2 weeks allowing unlimited weight bearing. Radiologically, all tantalum cylinders with periosteum coverage united with the host bone. Reconstructions with cylinders without periosteum coverage lead to radiological nonunion in five out of six cases. The strengths of the reconstruction with and without periosteum preservation were respectively 102.1% and 24.5% compared to controls. In the periosteum covered implants, bone contact was found at all levels of the tantalum cylinder and more and deeper bone ingrowth was found in this group. Tantalum cylinders seem a safe and reliable alternative for a massive cortical graft to reconstruct large diaphyseal bone defects in a goat model if healthy periosteum is present. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
AMP‐activated protein kinase enhances the expression of muscle‐specific ubiquitin ligases despite its activation of IGF‐1/Akt signaling in C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Tong Jun F. , Yan Xu , Zhu Mei J. , Du Min 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo muscle‐specific ubiquitin ligases (UL), muscle atrophy F box (MAFbx) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1), are crucial for myofibrillar protein breakdown. The insulin like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) pathway inhibits muscle UL expression through Akt‐mediated inhibition of FoxO transcription factors, while AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) promotes UL expression. The underlying cellular mechanism, however, remains obscure. In this study, the effect of AMPK and its interaction with IGF‐1 on ubiquitin ligases expression was investigated. C2C12 myotubes were treated with 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mM 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside (AICAR) in the presence or absence of 50 ng/ml IGF‐1. IGF‐1 activated Akt, which enhanced phosphorlytion of FoxO3a at Thr 318/321 and reduced the expression of UL. Intriguingly, though activation of AMPK by 0.3 and 1.0 mM AICAR synergized IGF‐1‐induced Akt activation, the expression of UL was not attenuated, but strengthened by AMPK activation. AICAR treatment decreased FoxO3a phosphorylation at 318/321 in the cytoplasm and induced FoxO3 nuclear relocation. mTOR inhibition increased basal MAFbx expression and reversed the inhibitory effect of IGF‐1 on UL expression. In conclusion, our data show that AMPK activation by AICAR stimulates UL expression despite the activation of Akt signaling, which may be due to the possible antagonistic effect of FoxO phosphorylation by AMPK on phosphorylation by Akt. In addition, AMPK inhibition of mTOR may provide an additional explanation for the enhancement of UL expression by AMPK. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 458–468, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enforcing biphasic eye development in a directly developing insect by transient knockdown of single eye selector genes
Authors: Dong Ying , Friedrich Markus 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe visual system of indirectly developing insects such as Drosophila passes through two phases of development. Larval eyes form in the embryo, whereas the adult compound eyes form during metamorphosis. Comparative evidence implies that this biphasic mode of visual system development evolved from the continuously developing eye of directly developing insects. We investigated the developmental basis of this evolutionary transformation in a directly developing insect taking advantage of the time‐limited nature of systemic RNAi in the grasshopper Schistocerca americana. Transient knockdown of the homologs of the early retinal genes eyes absent (eya) or sine oculis (so) both induced long‐term arrest of eye development in grasshopper nymphs. Eye development, however, resumed after knockdown expiry. This finding sheds first light on the molecular regulation of postembryonic eye development in directly developing insects and unravels an inherent capacity of the underlying gene regulatory network to accommodate for partitioning visual system development into discrete phases, as in indirectly developing insects. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:104–114, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of non‐performance information on ratings of job performance: A policy‐capturing approach
Authors: Spence Jeffrey R. , Keeping Lisa M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractResearchers have suggested that rater motives and the organizational context should be considered as sources of performance appraisal inaccuracies. A review of the performance appraisal literature revealed three primary non‐performance factors that managers consider when rating employee performance: (a) Potential negative consequences of ratings, (b) organizational norms, and (c) the opportunity to advance self‐interests. Using a policy‐capturing methodology, the current study investigated if these three non‐performance factors, as well as individual rater differences (e.g., conscientiousness, agreeableness, and performance appraisal experience), influence performance ratings. A sample of 303 experienced managers rated the performance of a fictitious employee, featured in a series of hypothetical scenarios, in which the above information was manipulated. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the results revealed that each of the three non‐performance related considerations accounted for variance incremental to objective employee performance. Managers' performance appraisal experience also predicted ratings, such that more experience was associated with lower ratings. These results provide support for the view that non‐performance factors can be a substantive component of performance ratings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of land use change on urban heat island derived from multi‐sensor data
Authors: Hu Yonghong , Jia Gensuo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRegional climate change was demonstrated to be likely influenced by anthropogenic dominated land surface processes. Urban heat island (UHI) is one of the important outcomes of such land surface processes induced by urbanization, and it is an urban climate phenomenon influenced by land use pattern and it represents the difference in albedo, roughness, and heat flux exchange of land surface. This study tries to examine the influence of land use change on UHI in greater Guangzhou from 1980–2007 by analysing Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+ and MODIS satellite data, meteorological records, and census data. An integrated and modified single‐channel method was used to retrieve land surface temperature (LST). Decadal changes in land use fraction and UHI pattern show that cropland decreased in parallel to the increase in built‐up area and the correlation coefficient reached 0.97. The UHI effect expanded from urban areas to surrounding suburban areas and countryside with an increase in land surface temperature (mean LST increased by 2.48 from 1990 to 2007) and a decrease in the green vegetation fraction (GVF) (mean GVF decreased by 0.16 from 1990 to 2007). The spatial heterogeneity of UHI expansion can be explained by spatial patterns of economic development, population increase, and abundance of vegetation cover. In addition, remarkable changes in air temperature due to relocation of meteorological stations are significant signals for detecting the influence of urbanization on urban heat island. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society