bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamic mTOR pathway mediates thyroid hormone‐induced hyperphagia in hyperthyroidism
Authors: Varela Luis , Martínez‐Sánchez Noelia , Gallego Rosalía , Vázquez María J , Roa Juan , Gándara Marina , Schoenmakers Erik , Nogueiras Rubén , Chatterjee Krishna , Tena‐Sempere Manuel , Diéguez Carlos , López Miguel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHyperthyroidism is characterized in rats by increased energy expenditure and marked hyperphagia. Alterations of thermogenesis linked to hyperthyroidism are associated with dysregulation of hypothalamic AMPK and fatty acid metabolism; however, the central mechanisms mediating hyperthyroidism‐induced hyperphagia remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hyperthyroid rats exhibit marked up‐regulation of the hypothalamic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway associated with increased mRNA levels of agouti‐related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and decreased mRNA levels of pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), an area where mTOR co‐localizes with thyroid hormone receptor‐α (TRα). Central administration of thyroid hormone (T3) or genetic activation of thyroid hormone signalling in the ARC recapitulated hyperthyroidism effects on feeding and the mTOR pathway. In turn, central inhibition of mTOR signalling with rapamycin in hyperthyroid rats reversed hyperphagia and normalized the expression of ARC‐derived neuropeptides, resulting in substantial body weight loss. The data indicate that in the hyperthyroid state, increased feeding is associated with thyroid hormone‐induced up‐regulation of mTOR signalling. Furthermore, our findings that different neuronal modulations influence food intake and energy expenditure in hyperthyroidism pave the way for a more rational design of specific and selective therapeutic compounds aimed at reversing the metabolic consequences of this disease. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypothalamic obesity syndrome: Rare presentation of CNS+ B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Quigg Troy C. , Haddad Nadine G. , Buchsbaum Jeffrey C. , Shih Chie‐Schin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHypothalamic obesity syndrome can affect brain tumor patients following surgical intervention and irradiation. This syndrome is rare at diagnosis in childhood cancer, but has been reported with relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here we present a case of hypothalamic obesity syndrome as the primary presentation of a toddler found to have CNS+ B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Cytogenetic studies on diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid revealed MLL gene rearrangement (11q23). Hyperphagia and obesity dramatically improved following induction and consolidation chemotherapy. We describe a novel presentation of hypothalamic obesity syndrome in CNS B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, responsive to chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 930–933. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shorter hospitalization trends among children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Raphael Jean L. , Mueller Brigitta U. , Kowalkowski Marc A. , Oyeku Suzette O. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundVaso‐occlusive crises (VOC) contribute to frequent hospitalizations among children with sickle cell disease (SCD). The objective of this study was to determine whether length of stay (LOS) has decreased for VOC hospitalizations between 1997 and 2009.ProcedureWe analyzed pediatric discharges (aged 0–18) with a primary or secondary diagnosis of SCD with crisis from the Kid's Inpatient Database (years 1997, 2003, and 2009), a nationally representative sample of pediatric hospital discharges. We conducted bivariate and multivariate, sample‐weighted linear regression analyses to determine associations between independent variables (patient demographics, hospital characteristics, co‐diagnoses, and procedures) and LOS.ResultsBoth the number (22,661–21,741) and proportion of VOC hospitalizations (0.34–0.29%) among all pediatric hospitalizations marginally decreased between 1997 and 2009 (P < 0.01). Mean LOS decreased from 4.59 to 4.21 days (P < 0.01). For all study years, older age was the only socio‐demographic variable associated with longer LOS, controlling for other factors. Between 1997 and 2009, LOS decreased for all age categories, with the largest statistically significant reduction occurring among adolescents (5.69–4.76 days).ConclusionsNationally representative hospital data indicate modest but meaningful reductions in LOS for children with VOC over a 12‐year period. Adolescents who typically have the greatest disease severity showed the largest reduction in LOS. However, adolescents continue to account for a large proportion of inpatient stays for VOC. These findings illustrate that the adolescent period is a critical time in the lifespan for targeted intervention. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:679–684. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Invasive pneumonia and septic shock in infants as a presentation of cystic fibrosis with vitamin‐deficiency
Authors: Al‐Khadra Eman S. , Chau Kin‐wai , Barone Cara Pizzo , Colin Andrew A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHerein we describe three infants with the rare presentation of pneumonia with septic shock as their initial medical encounter leading to the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). At the time of their presentation all three children had significant nutritional deficiency. We initiated an aggressive treatment regimen including nutritional supplementation which resulted in improvement in their pulmonary status and no further recurrences.This series highlights the possible presentation of CF in infancy as a life‐threatening invasive infection of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also supports neonatal screening and emphasizes the role of early attention to nutritional status and vitamin supplementation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:722–726. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The trachea with an air‐fluid level: A rare and bizarre radiological sign
Authors: Marsh Rosemary , Gupta Atul , Gilchrist Francis J. , Puckey Michele , Padley Simon P. , Hogg Claire , Lenney Warren , Bush Andrew 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe report three children with an unusual radiological sign: “trachea with an air fluid level.” We suggest this is related to paucity of cough leading to recurrent chest infections. Voluntary cough suppression as a cause of chronic lower respiratory tract infection is recorded in adults (The Lady Windermere Syndrome) but has not previously been reported in children. We propose that in these children impaired airway mucus clearance may be also be caused by voluntary cough suppression. However, the complex physiology of coughing means it is difficult to distinguish between true voluntary cough suppression and paucity of cough due to a subtle neurological deficit. In two patients, the cycle has led to permanent lung damage with bronchiectasis and reduced lung function. In the third, early diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention has so far delayed progression to bronchiectasis. With greater awareness of this phenomenon in children, there is potential for effective early intervention with medical, physical, and psychological therapies. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:826–830. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Setting proteins free: Progresses and achievements in proteomics of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues
Authors: Tanca Alessandro , Pagnozzi Daniela , Addis Maria Filippa 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFormalin fixation, followed by paraffin embedding, is long established as the standard procedure for the stabilization and preservation of tissue architecture, essential for enabling microscopic examination and long‐term storage of samples. During the years, this has led to the generation of a worldwide repository of patient tissues with associated complete clinical records. As such, this represents a golden mine for all those attempting to identify proteomic signatures of disease, aimed to the understanding of pathological processes and to the identification of new biomarkers. However, access to this resource has been hampered by the stable cross‐linked network generated on tissue molecules during formalin fixation. Recently, researchers have been actively working to overcome this limitation, reaching unexpected achievements. This review aims to discuss and compare the various strategies devised for extracting full‐length proteins or peptides from fixed tissues, and to provide a general perspective on studies comparing matched fixed and fresh‐frozen tissue proteomes, applying proteomic techniques for biomarker discovery from archival tissues, and attempting to exploit gel‐based approaches. In addition, the concomitant progresses in understanding the impact of tissue processing variables and the extent and nature of formaldehyde‐induced modifications are presented. In conclusion, the future perspectives and open challenges in this field are discussed.
T cells localized to the androgen‐deprived prostate are TH1 and TH17 biased
Authors: Morse Matthew D. , McNeel Douglas G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDT cells infiltrate the prostates of prostate cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant androgen deprivation. These prostate‐infiltrating T cells have an oligoclonal phenotype, suggesting the development of an antigen‐specific T‐cell response. We hypothesized that androgen deprivation might elicit a prostate tissue‐specific T‐cell response that could potentially be combined with other immune‐active therapies, and consequently sought to investigate the nature and timing of this T‐cell response following castration.METHODSWe investigated the phenotype and cytokine expression of T cells at various time points in the prostates of Lewis rats following surgical castration, and used adoptive transfer of prostate‐infiltrating lymphocytes (PILs) to determine whether the infiltration by T cells was mediated by effects of castration on the prostate or lymphocytes.RESULTSProstate T‐cell infiltration shortly after castration was TH1 biased up to approximately 30 days, followed by a predominance of TH17‐type cells, which persisted until at least 90 days post castration. PILs from sham‐treated or castrate rats localized to the prostates of castrate animals.CONCLUSIONSThese observations suggest castration elicits a time‐dependent prostate‐specific T‐cell infiltration, and this infiltration is likely mediated by effects of castration on prostate tissue rather than T‐cells. These findings have implications for the timing of immunotherapies combined with androgen deprivation as treatments for prostate cancer. Prostate 72:1239–1247, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LNCaP prostate cancer cells with autocrine interleukin‐6 expression are resistant to IL‐6‐induced neuroendocrine differentiation due to increased expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling
Authors: Ge Dongxia , Gao Allen C. , Zhang Qiuyang , Liu Sen , Xue Yun , You Zongbing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is one of the mechanisms underlying development of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we investigated IL‐6‐induced NED in two LNCaP sublines.METHODSLNCaP‐S17, an LNCaP subline that secretes IL‐6, and LNCaP‐C3, a control subline that does not express IL‐6, were analyzed for IL‐6‐induced NED, activation of JAK2 and STAT3 pathways, and expression of IL‐6/IL‐6R signaling proteins and downstream target genes.RESULTSIL‐6 did not induce NED in LNCaP‐S17 cells, even though IL‐6 induced NED in LNCaP‐C3 cells. IL‐6 activated JAK2 and STAT3 pathways in LNCaP‐C3 cells but not in LNCaP‐S17 cells. IL‐6 did not activate ERK1/2, AKT, or NF‐κB pathways in either cell line. Both LNCaP‐C3 and LNCaP‐S17 cell lines expressed IL‐6R, gp130, and TYK2 at almost the same levels and did not express JAK1 or JAK3. The basal level of JAK2 expression was slightly higher in LNCaP‐C3 cells than in LNCaP‐S17 cells. Two suppressors of cytokine signaling, SOCS7 and cytokine‐inducible SH2 protein (CIS), were expressed constitutively at higher levels in LNCaP‐S17 cells than in LNCaP‐C3 cells, while SOCS1 to SOCS6 were expressed at approximately the same levels. Using siRNA to knockdown SOCS7 and CIS expression in LNCaP‐S17 cells led to increased phosphorylation of STAT3 upon IL‐6 stimulation.CONCLUSIONSLNCaP‐S17 cells are resistant to exogenous IL‐6‐induced NED due to increased levels of CIS/SOCS7 that block activation of JAK2‐STAT3 pathways. Prostate 72:1306–1316, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In‐Si(111)(4 × 1)/(8 × 2) nanowires: Electron transport, entropy, and metal‐insulator transition
Authors: Schmidt W. G. , Wippermann S. , Sanna S. , Babilon M. , Vollmers N. J. , Gerstmann U. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper the recent experimental and theoretical progress in understanding the properties of the In‐Si(111)(4 × 1)/(8 × 2) nanowire array – a prototypical model system for exploring electron transport at the atomic scale – is reviewed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations illustrate how strongly structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of atomic‐scale wires are intertwined. Numerical simulations of the nanowire optical response in comparison with recent measurements settle eventually the long‐standing debate on the nanowire ground‐state geometry in favor of hexagons. Soft phonon modes are found to transform the nanowire structurally between the insulating hexagon structure and metallic In zigzag chains. The subtle balance between the lower energy of the insulating phase and the larger vibrational entropy of the metallic wires is demonstrated to cause the temperature‐dependent phase transition. The dynamic fluctuation model proposed earlier to explain the phase transition is shown to contradict the experimental information on the metal insulator transition of the nanowires. The influence of adatoms on the quantum transport and phase transition is discussed. magnified image
Schematic drawing of the main structural motifs of the In‐induced Si(111)(8 × 2) and (4 × 1) reconstructions, In hexagons and zigzag chains, respectively.
Modification of carrier localization in basal‐plane stacking faults: The effect of Si‐doping in a‐plane GaN
Authors: Badcock T. J. , Kappers M. J. , Moram M. A. , Dawson P. , Humphreys C. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe optical properties of Si‐doped a‐plane GaN epilayers grown on r‐plane sapphire are studied. The low temperature emission is dominated by basal‐plane stacking fault (BSF) recombination throughout the investigated doping range (1 × 1017 to 5 × 1019 cm−3). From temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements in conjunction with PL excitation studies, the carrier localization energy within the BSF is inferred to decrease from 17 meV to a negligible level as the doping density increases from 1 × 1017 to 5 × 1018 cm−3. It is proposed that electrons, ionized from the Si‐donor atoms at the growth temperature, are able to transfer to the BSFs, where they progressively fill the available density of localized states. For doping levels in excess of 1 × 1018 cm−3, the luminescence linewidth broadens significantly and the luminescence transients decay with a single exponential time constant. This behaviour is attributed to the onset of band‐filling which causes a marked increase in the free electron density within the BSFs.
Possible improvements to the self‐consistent‐charges density‐functional tight‐binding method within the second order
Authors: Bodrog Zoltán , Aradi Bálint 
Published: December 2011

AbstractImproving the precision of self‐consistent‐charges density‐functional tight‐binding method (SCC‐DFTB) without losing its computational efficiency is primarily thought and hoped to be possible, if possible at all, by moving beyond its current two‐centre‐approximative tight‐binding structure and the second‐order nature of SCC. In this paper, however, we point out that there may still be possibilities of making it more precise without such an extension. Two improvements within the very second‐order SCC are proposed here. First, inclusion of a multipole expansion of interacting atomic charge fluctuations, and second, a semi‐empirical refinement of their interaction potential profiles and their self‐interaction energies. Besides showing in detail what is to be improved with respect to the current SCC‐DFTB realizations, we fully derive the respective new formulas ready to implement.
Structural and electronic properties of conducting Cu nanowire encapsulated in semiconducting zigzag carbon nanotubes: A first‐principles study
Authors: Du Xiu‐Juan , Chen Zheng , Zhang Jing , Yao Chuan‐Sheng , Chen Cheng , Fan Xiao‐Li 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUnder the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), the structural and electronic properties of conducting Cu8 nanowires encapsulated in semiconducting zigzag carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been investigated by using the first‐principles projector‐augmented wave (PAW) potential within the density function theory (DFT) framework. Among these three Cu8 wire‐encapsulated C cables, (11,0) and (13,0) nanocables are formed endothermically, (14,0) nanocable is formed exothermically. Consequently, it is expected that the thicker Cu wire would be pulled spontaneously into wider nanotubes by forces amounting to a fraction of a nanonewton. The high electrical transport behaviors of the Cu8‐encapsulated C cables coming only from the Cu8 nanowire indicate the Cu8‐encapsulated C cables can be applicable for the ultralarge‐scale integration (ULSI) circuits.
Initial Parathyroid Surgery in 606 Patients with Renal Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Schneider Ralph , Slater Emily P. , Karakas Elias , Bartsch Detlef K. , Schlosser Katja 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of different surgical procedures for patients on permanent dialysis who underwent initial parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism (rHPT).MethodsOut of a prospective database of patients who underwent parathyroid surgery for rHPT between 1976 and 2009, patients on permanent dialysis who underwent initial parathyroidectomy were further analyzed regarding perioperative biochemical changes and postoperative outcome.ResultsA total of 606 patients were analyzed. Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (group A) was performed in 504 patients, total parathyroidectomy without autotransplantation in 32 (group B), subtotal parathyroidectomy in 21 (group C), and incomplete parathyroidectomy in 49 (group D).After surgery, mean calcium levels dropped from 2.76 to 1.91 mmol/l in group A, from 2.67 to 2.11 mmol/l in group B, from 2.70 to 2.09 mmol/l in group C, and from 2.65 to 1.94 mmol/l in group D. The parathyroid hormone level dropped from 1,371.4 pg/ml to 28.8 pg/ml in group A, from 1,078.4 pg/ml to 27.0 pg/ml in group B, from 2,377.9 pg/ml to 61.4 pg/ml in group C, and from 1,010.2 pg/ml to 99.5 pg/ml in group D. Persistent rHPT occurred in 2/504 patients from group A (0.4%), 0/32 patients from group B (0%), 1/21 patients from group C (4.8%), and 2/49 patients from group D (4.1%). After a mean follow‐up of 57.6 months, recurrent rHPT occurred in 27/504 patients from group A (5.4%), in 0/32 patients from group B (0%), in 2/21 patients from group C (9.5%), and in 3/49 patients from group D (6.1%).ConclusionsTotal parathyroidectomy with or without autotransplantation is a feasible and safe surgical procedure for patients on permanent dialysis with otherwise uncontrollable rHPT.
Is adenomyosis the neglected phenotype of an endomyometrial dysfunction syndrome?
Authors: Brosens Ivo , Kunz Georg , Benagiano Giuseppe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSince the dissociation between adenomyoma and endometriosis in the 1920s and the laparoscopic progress in the diagnosis and surgery of endometriosis, the literature has been greatly focused on the disease endometriosis. The study of adenomyosis, on the other hand, has been neglected as the diagnosis remained based on hysterectomy specimens. However, since the introduction of magnetic resonance and sonographic imaging techniques in the 1980s, the myometrial junctional zone has been identified as a third uterine zone and interest in adenomyosis was renewed. This has also been the start for the interest in the role of the myometrial junctional zone dysfunction and adenomyosis in reproductive and obstetrical disorders.
Lipase Induction in Yarrowia lipolytica for Castor Oil Hydrolysis and Its Effect on γ‐Decalactone Production
Authors: Braga Adelaide , Gomes Nelma , Belo Isabel 
Published: December 2011

Abstractγ‐Decalactone is an aromatic compound of industrial interest, resulting from the biotransformation of ricinoleic acid, the major constituent of castor oil. In order to increase the availability of the substrate to the cells for the aroma production, castor oil previously hydrolyzed can be used. This hydrolysis may be promoted by enzymatic action, more specifically by lipases. In this work, the influence upon the aroma production of the lipase produced by Yarrowia lipolytica, a microorganism able to carry out the biotransformation, was studied. In a first approach, lipase induction conditions were analyzed using different Y. lipolytica strains and culture conditions, such as the inoculation mode of the lipase production medium. Lipase production was not affected by the cells centrifugation, so this step was eliminated, reducing the time and phases of the process. Moreover, Y. lipolytica W29 was shown to be the most adequate strain for lipase production. To investigate the importance of castor oil hydrolysis, the pre‐addition of an inducer of lipase production (olive oil) to the biotransformation medium was tested. Results showed that the highest aroma production (1,600 mg L−1) was obtained without a lipase inducer. However, the pre‐induction of lipase decreased the lag phase for γ‐decalactone secretion.
A dual‐process model of brand extension: Taxonomic feature‐based and thematic relation‐based similarity independently drive brand extension evaluation
Authors: Estes Zachary , Gibbert Michael , Guest Duncan , Mazursky David 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe success of a brand extension depends largely on the similarity between the brand and its extension product. Recent psychological and neuroscientific evidence supports a dual‐process model that distinguishes taxonomic feature‐based similarity from thematic relation‐based similarity. In addition to providing a parsimonious organizational framework for prior brand extension research, this dual‐process model also provides novel predictions about the processing and evaluation of taxonomic brand extensions (e.g., Budweiser cola) and thematic brand extensions (e.g., Budweiser chips). Results indicate that taxonomic and thematic similarities independently contribute to branding professionals' and lay consumers' evaluations of real and hypothetical brand extensions (Studies 1A and 1B). Counter‐intuitively, thematic brand extensions are processed more rapidly (Study 2), judged more novel, and evaluated more positively than taxonomic extensions (Study 3). When induced to consider the commonalities between the brand and the extension product, however, taxonomic extensions are judged more novel and evaluated more positively (Study 3). Implications for brand extension and marketing more generally are discussed.