bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollutant emission from a heat station supplied with agriculture biomass and wood pellet mixture
Authors: Juszczak Marek , Lossy Katarzyna 
Published: July 2012

Pollutant emission from a heat station supplied with agriculture biomass and wood pellet mixtureTests for combustion of hay and sunflower husk pellets mixed with wood pellets were performed in a horizontal-feed as well as under-feed (retort) wood pellet furnace installed in boilers with a nominal heat output of 15 and 20 kW, located in a heat station. During the combustion a slagging phenomenon was observed in the furnaces. In order to lower the temperature in the furnace, fuel feeding rate was reduced with unaltered air stream rate. The higher the proportion of wood pellets in the mixture the lower carbon monoxide concentration. The following results of carbon monoxide concentration (in mg/m3presented for 10% O2content in flue gas) for different furnaces and fuel mixtures (proportion in wt%) were obtained: horizontal-feed furnace supplied with hay/wood: 0/100 - 326; 30/70 - 157; 50/50 - 301; 100/0 - 3300; horizontal-feed furnace supplied with sunflower husk/wood: 50/50 - 1062; 67/33 - 1721; 100/0 - 3775; under-feed (retort) furnace supplied with hay/wood: 0/100 - 90; 15/85 - 157; 30/70 - 135; 50/50 - 5179; under-feed furnace supplied with sunflower husk/wood: 67/33 - 2498; 100/0 - 3128. Boiler heat output and heat efficiency was low: 7 to 13 kW and about 55%, respectively, for the boiler with horizontal-feed furnace and 9 to 14 kW and 64%, respectively, for the boiler with under-feed furnace.
Film Literacy: Media Appropriations with Examples from the European Film Context
Authors: Reia-Baptista Vitor 
Published: July 2012

The increasing development of new multimedia materials as supporting vehicles of film languages has raised some global literacy questions and problems within teacher training. These new literacy problems pose a specific curricular question: How shall different media, social and cultural contexts approach the specific training of teachers (and, in fact, media makers) in order to address those global problems of a common film language with the corresponding civic and curricular appropriations? The UNESCO MIL Curriculum for Teachers places media and information literacy at the core of lifelong learning for the acquisition of necessary civic competences within a universal perspective. A review of some European case studies helps us to understand some of the most contemporary interrelations between the predominant multimedia messages and their communication channels and social networks, taking account of the preservation of the collective memory of sounds and images as a form of cultural heritage connected to the audiovisual cultures of the world at large, since these processes never occur in geographical or cultural isolation. The aim of this article is to present the context of a possible inter-disciplinary and inter-cultural approach to a global film literacy process, taking some interesting European case studies that appeared in «Comunicar, 35» as a starting point.El creciente desarrollo de nuevos materiales multimedia como apoyo al lenguaje fílmico ha promovido y generado algunos interrogantes y problemas en torno a la necesaria alfabetización global, así como nuevas perspectivas en la formación de los docentes. Así han surgido nuevos interrogantes sobre el currículum en medios: ¿cómo sintonizar la formación específica de los docentes con la dinámica diaria de los diversos medios de comunicación en contextos culturales diversos, con el objeto de aproximar los problemas globales a un lenguaje cinematográfico común, poseedor de apropiaciones cívicas y curriculares contemporáneas? El Curriculum MIL de la UNESCO (Media and Information Literacy), destinado a la formación del profesorado, sitúa la alfabetización mediática e informacional en el centro del aprendizaje a lo largo de toda la vida, así como en la adquisición de las competencias cívicas necesarias desde una perspectiva universal. Este trabajo plantea el análisis de algunos estudios de caso europeos para comprender las actuales interrelaciones entre los mensajes multimedia predominantes, sus canales de comunicación y las redes sociales, teniendo muy presente la importancia de la conservación de la memoria colectiva de sonidos, imágenes… como patrimonio cultural conectada con las diversas culturas del mundo, y sabiendo que estos procesos jamás ocurren geográfica y socialmente aislados. En esta propuesta se avanza un posible modelo interdisciplinario e intercultural para una alfabetización fílmica global, partiendo de estudios fílmicos de casos europeos, seleccionados de las aportaciones de «Comunicar, 35».
Digital Libraries: Electronic Bibliographic Resources on Basic Education
Authors: Gómez-Zermeño Marcela Georgina 
Published: July 2012

Studying electronic bibliographic resources for basic education involves thinking about search mechanisms that meet the needs of young users. Through the investigation carried out during the educational research project «Digital libraries», it became evident that the collections explored use a language better suited to higher education. Faced with this problem, the following question arose: What are the criteria for classifying electronic bibliographic resources for basic education? The proposed investigation was non-experimental, with a non-probabilistic sample of case studies; the sample comprised 250 resources from 10 bibliographic collections. The analysis assessed resources according to: accessibility, the curricular axis to which it is addressed, and format; pedagogical, functional, technological and aesthetic aspects. The results show a mean of 3.76, which indicates that the bibliographic collections provide quality resources, although it is necessary to improve educational and functional aspects. Classifying electronic resources for basic education requires the consideration of pedagogical needs, graphical and technological qualities and, especially, the dynamic way in which information is conceived nowadays. This confirms the need to establish a set of indicators that enable teachers to select electronic resources based on basic education curricular axes.
Estudiar recursos bibliográficos en formato electrónico para la educación básica implica reflexionar sobre mecanismos de búsqueda que atiendan las necesidades de los pequeños usuarios. A través de los trabajos realizados en el proyecto de investigación educativa «Bibliotecas digitales», se puso en evidencia que los acervos explorados, manejan un lenguaje para un nivel de educación superior. Ante esta problemática, se planteó la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuáles son los criterios de clasificación de los recursos bibliográficos electrónicos para la educación básica? Se propuso una investigación no experimental, con una muestra de estudio no probabilística de casos tipo, integrada por 250 recursos que ofrecen los diez acervos bibliográficos seleccionados en base a un estudio exploratorio previamente realizado. Para el análisis, se valoraron los siguientes recursos: accesibilidad, eje curricular al que está dirigido, formato y aspectos pedagógicos, funcionales, tecnológicos y estéticos. Los resultados muestran una media de 3.76, la cual indica que los acervos bibliográficos ofrecen recursos de calidad, aunque es necesario trabajar en los aspectos pedagógicos y funcionales. Clasificar recursos electrónicos para educación básica requiere considerar necesidades pedagógicas, entorno gráfico, tecnológico y sobre todo, la forma dinámica y cambiante de cómo se concibe la información. Esto corrobora la necesidad de establecer un conjunto de indicadores que permita a los docentes seleccionar recursos electrónicos en relación a los ejes curriculares de la educación básica.
Uses of Digital Tools among the Elderly
Authors: Agudo-Prado Susana , Pascual-Sevillana Ángeles , Fombona Javier 
Published: July 2012

A «multiage» society needs the design and creation of new areas of learning and communication to manage the digital demands of the elderly. In this article, the relation of the elderly to information and communication technologies (ICT) is approached and two objectives are considered: to discover the technological resources they use and to objectively describe the types of usage that senior citizens make of ICT. To that end, a survey technique is used, with the results validated by means of discussion groups. The study participants consisted of 215 elderly people, all ICT users, and 7 discussion groups of 5 people each. The results indicate that the resources most widely used by the elderly are computers and the Internet, and the type of usage is grouped into 4 categories: education, information, communication and entertainment. There were no significant differences in gender or age although differences were found in the availability of these resources for private use based on the level of education.
Una sociedad «multiedades» supone diseñar y crear nuevos espacios de aprendizaje y comunicación, capaces de gestionar la demanda existente por parte de las personas mayores. En este artículo, se aborda la relación de las personas mayores con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y para ello se plantean dos objetivos: el primero va dirigido a conocer los recursos tecnológicos que utilizan y el segundo, a describir objetivamente los tipos de uso que estas personas hacen de las TIC. Para ello, se utiliza la técnica de encuesta, cuyos resultados son contrastados mediante grupos de discusión. En el estudio participaron 215 personas mayores usuarias de las TIC y siete grupos de discusión de cinco personas cada uno. Los resultados encontrados indican que los recursos que más utilizan los mayores son, los ordenadores e Internet y el uso que hacen de los mismos se ha agrupado en cuatro grandes categorías: formación, información, comunicación y entretenimiento, no encontrándose diferencias significativas en función del género o de la edad y sí se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a la disponibilidad de dichos recursos para uso particular en función del nivel de estudios.
Quasiconvexity and Density Topology
Authors: Rabier Patrick J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe prove that if f : ℝN → ℝ̄ is quasiconvex and U ⊂ ℝN is open in the density topology, then supU ƒ = ess supU f ; while infU ƒ = ess supU ƒ if and only if the equality holds when U = RN: The first (second) property is typical of lsc (usc) functions, and, even when U is an ordinary open subset, there seems to be no record that they both hold for all quasiconvex functions.This property ensures that the pointwise extrema of f on any nonempty density open subset can be arbitrarily closely approximated by values of ƒ achieved on “large” subsets, which may be of relevance in a variety of situations. To support this claim, we use it to characterize the common points of continuity, or approximate continuity, of two quasiconvex functions that coincide away from a set of measure zero.
Crédibilité des autorités monétaires et transparence – Quelle complémentarité dans le cas de la Tunisie? Une contribution au débat
Authors: Miniaoui Héla , Smida Mounir 
Published: July 2012

Selon Goodhart (1993), l’indépendance des banques centrales se réfère « plutôt à leur liberté d’entreprendre des opérations monétaires qui, de leur point de vue, sont nécessaires pour atteindre leurs objectifs statuaires (ou imposées par l’extérieur) ». Avec son corollaire la transparence, cette approche a été présentée comme le meilleur gage pour assurer la crédibilité de la politique monétaire et la stabilité de la valeur de la monnaie. Cette réforme a été largement suggérée dans la littérature d’expertise sur les stratégies de la politique monétaire dans les pays en voie de développement et en Tunisie. L’indépendance se présenterait ainsi comme alternative à la règle (voir règle automatique de Friedman) et permettrait à la banque centrale de répondre plus efficacement aux chocs imprévus sans être obnubilée par les objectifs réels. Au vu des critères établis par la théorie, l’article présente l’expérience de la Banque Centrale de Tunisie en la matière. Il soulève la difficulté pour les autorités monétaires de gérer le couplet crédibilité-transparence difficilement dissociable (Pollin, 2002). Effectivement, la politique monétaire s’exerce dans un monde où l’information conditionne largement le pouvoir donc l’indépendance de la banque centrale vis-à-vis des influences externes.
Effect of birth season on longevity: Thrifty and hopeful phenotypes in historical quebec
Authors: Gagnon Alain 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives:Individuals with fetal growth restrictions may become unhealthy as adult if they live in a nutritionally rich environment. Yet, there is little evidence for the counterpart that profuse resources during early development may prove detrimental in an impoverished adult environment. Using birth season as a proxy for nutrition in utero, this study tests whether early life effects on longevity are conditional on the environment in which people reside during adulthood.Methods:I used Cox proportional hazard models of mortality after the age of 60 years among historical cohorts of French Canadian women born before 1750. Models are stratified by siblings to adjust the results for unobserved factors shared by family members.Results:A birth during winter conferred the best‐survival prospects in the south of the Saint‐Lawrence River but the worse prospects in the north, where a birth during the fall was associated with the lowest mortality. Women who migrated to live on the other side of the river lost whatever advantage or disadvantage they had from their birth season and faced increases or decreases in risk that were specific to their new location.Conclusions:Based on Hales and Barker's thrifty phenotype hypothesis, and adding the “hopeful phenotype” counterpart, this study suggests that cues from the external environment during development are highly specific to that environment and that the slightest change of location may affect the chances for survival into old age. I finally address the role of fertility as a possible mediator or modifier of the effect of birth season on longevity. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rieske Iron–Sulfur Protein of the Cytochrome bc1 Complex: A Potential Target for Fungicide Discovery
Authors: Yang Wen‐Chao , Li Hui , Wang Fu , Zhu Xiao‐Lei , Yang Guang‐Fu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III, cyt bc1) is an essential component of cellular respiration. Cyt bc1 has three core subunits that are required for its catalytic activity: cytochrome b, cytochrome c1, and the Rieske iron–sulfur protein (ISP). Although most fungicides inhibit this enzyme by binding to the cytochrome b subunit, resistance to these fungicides has developed rapidly due to their widespread application. Resistance is mainly associated with mutations in cytochrome b, the only subunit encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Recently, the flexibility and motion of the ISP and its essential role in electron transfer have received intense attention; this leads us to propose a new classification of cyt bc1 inhibitors (three types of Qo inhibitors) that mobilize, restrict, or fix the rotation of the ISP. Importantly, the strengths of the ISP–inhibitor interactions correlate with inhibitor activity and the development of resistance to Qo inhibitors, thereby offering clues for designing novel cyt bc1 inhibitors with high potency and a low risk of resistance.
NaOH‐Catalyzed Imine Synthesis: Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Alcohols and Amines
Authors: Donthiri Ramachandra Reddy , Patil Rajendra D. , Adimurthy Subbarayappa 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe convenient transition‐metal‐free synthesis of imines through oxidative coupling of alcohols and amines is reported. The reaction is catalyzed by NaOH (10 mol‐%) and is performed with air as an oxidant in the absence of any co‐solvent.
Ambassadors of gender equality? How use of pair forms versus masculines as generics impacts perception of the speaker
Authors: Vervecken Dries , Hannover Bettina 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAlthough the use of gender fair language is strongly promoted in German‐speaking countries, the impact of its use on the way speakers are perceived by others is still unknown. Results of two experimental studies showed that irrespective of their sex, speakers using pair forms rather than generic masculines were perceived more competent by both men and women. Also, they were seen as less sexist by male and female listeners with positive attitudes towards linguistic equality. Findings with respect to the attribution of warmth were more complex: they were not only impacted by language use, but also dependent on speaker's sex and listener's attitude towards linguistic equality. Results are discussed in the context of language and stereotypes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The level of effort required for behaviour as a moderator of the attitude–behaviour relation
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. , Yi Youjae , Baumgartner Johann 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIt was hypothesized that the manner in which attitudes influence behaviour is moderated by the level of effort required to perform a behaviour. The effort needed was manipulated in a field experiment by varying the difficulty of getting access to the attitude object. When the behaviour required substantial effort, the mediating role of intentions was strong, and attitudes had only indirect effects on behaviour, consistent with the theory of reasoned action. When the behaviour required little effort, however, attitudes had a significant direct effect on behaviour, and the mediating role of intentions was reduced. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Advance planning of discourse in potential exchange situations
Authors: Bromberg Marcel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAdvance planning discourse strategies are examined in an experiment where subjects expect to be in a communicative situation (discussion vs appraisal) with another speaker (expert vs peer) whose opinions on a given topic differ diametrically from theirs.Findings indicate that two complementary processes are implemented: one on the level of the components of the universe of reference (via predication operations) and the other on the level of relationships between actors (through hedges).
Minority influence: The role of argument refutation of the majority position and social support for the minority position
Authors: Clark Russell D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the impact of social support for the minority position and the minority's argument refutation of the majority viewpoint. The results indicated that both the minority's refutation of majority arguments and majority defection to the minority position enhanced minority influence. Subjects changed more toward the minority position when the minority could refute the majority position than when the minority could not; the more arguments the minority refuted, the greater was minority influence. In addition, minority influence was a positive function of the number of the majority members who deserted to the minority position.
Breite Spitze, spitze Breite
Authors: Kleiner Matthias 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDie Entscheidungen in der zweiten Phase der Exzellenzinitiative sind gefallen. Sie zeigen erneut, wie sehr dieser Wettbewerb die deutsche Wissenschaft vorangebracht hat und noch weiter voranbringen wird. Und sie stärken die Universitäten als Herzstück des Wissenschaftssystems.
No association between the type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility gene, SLC30A8 and schizophrenia in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Guan Song‐Lei , Wang Zhen‐Qi , You Yang , Sun Shi‐Long , Hui Li , Miao Li‐ning , Yu Yaqin , Kosten Thomas R , Zhang Xiang Yang 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundThe co‐occurrence of schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been well documented. Recent genome‐wide association studies and meta‐analyses have shown robust associations of the solute carrier family 30 member 8 (SLC30A8) gene variants with T2DM in various populations. We examined the involvement of the SLC30A8 in the susceptibility to schizophrenia in a Han Chinese population.MethodsThe SLC30A8 rs13266634 gene polymorphism was genotyped in 837 chronic schizophrenic and 1109 unrelated healthy controls by using a case control design. We also assessed clinical symptoms.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the rs13266634 genotype (χ2 = 1.95, df = 2, p = 0.38) and allele (χ2 = 0.47, df = 1, p = 0.50) distributions between the patient and control groups. There was no association between rs13266634 and clinical symptoms.ConclusionThe SLC30A8 gene variation does not appear to contribute a genetic basis for the co‐occurrence of schizophrenia and T2DM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
College‐Level Choice of Latino High School Students: A Social‐Cognitive Approach
Authors: Gonzalez Laura M. 
Published: July 2012

Latino students attend 2‐year colleges more often than 4‐year colleges. This has an impact on the rate of bachelor's degree attainment, because the transfer rate between the 2 levels is low. The author uses national data to identify predictors associated with college‐level choice and then uses social‐cognitive career theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) to frame counseling implications.Los estudiantes Latinos se matriculan con más frecuencia en estudios universitarios de 2 años que en estudios de 4 años. Esto produce un impacto en el porcentaje de obtención de licenciaturas, porque la tasa de transferencia entre ambos niveles es baja. El autor emplea datos a nivel nacional para identificar predictores asociados con la elección del nivel de estudios universitarios, y después emplea la teoría social cognitiva de las carreras (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) para formular las implicaciones para la consejería.
Electron‐pair density decomposition for core–valence separable systems
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Yu , Ugalde Jesus M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe electron pair density of a core‐valence separable system can be decomposed into three parts: core‐core, core‐valence, and valence‐valence. The core‐core part has a Hartree‐Fock like structure. The core‐valence part can be written as Γcv (1,2) = γc (1,1)γv (2,2) − γc (1,2)γv (2,1) + γc (2,2)γv (1,1) − γc (2,1)γv (1,2), where only the 1‐matrices from the core and valence orbitals contribute. The valence‐valence part is left to be determined from the reduced frozen‐core type wave function, which often contains the essential information on the electron correlation and the chemical bond. We demonstrate the analysis to the ground state of negative ion Li− and 21Σu+ excited state of the Li2 molecule. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.