bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition from Quasi‐Unidirectional to Unidirectional Guided Resonances in Leaky‐Mode Photonic Lattices
Authors: Lee Sun‐Goo , Kim Seong‐Han , Lee Wook‐Jae 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnidirectional light emission from planar photonic structures is highly advantageous for a wide range of optoelectronic applications. Recently, it has been demonstrated that unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs) can be realized by utilizing topological polarization singularities in momentum space. However, the practical application of these topological unidirectional emitters has been limited due to their intricate geometric configurations, requiring special efforts with high‐cost fabrication processes. In this study, it is demonstrated that unidirectional light emission can be achieved in conventional 1D zero‐contrast gratings (ZCGs), which can be easily fabricated using current nanofabrication technologies. In ZCGs, the interband coupling between even‐like and odd‐like waveguide modes leads to the formation of quasi‐UGRs, characterized by significantly higher decay rates in either the upward or downward direction compared to the opposite direction. It is demonstrated that these quasi‐UGRs evolve into genuine UGRs with an gradual increase in grating thickness. Moreover, the emission direction of UGRs can be selectively steered either upward or downward by adjusting the lattice parameters. In addition to quasi‐UGRs and UGRs, the study also reveals additional topological phenomena in ZCGs, including exceptional points and quasi‐BICs.
Emerging Application of High‐Entropy MXene in Efficient Photoelectrochemical‐Type Photodetectors and Wideband Mode Lockers
Authors: Gao Xiaomeng , Zhang Shoukai , Zhang Jian , Wei Songrui , Chen Yimiao , Zhang Yule , Zheng Wenchen , Huang Ziheng , Du Bowen , Xie Zhongjian , Wang Bing , Lin Jahon , Liu Jun , Ge Yanqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy (HE) MXenes represent a novel class of 2D materials within the MXene family, which are drawing widespread attention because of their diverse compositions and robust physicochemical properties. However, the exploration of HE‐MXenes in optoelectronic domains is relatively limited. This study unveils the rapid photoresponse and superior nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of HE‐MXene TiVCrMoC3Tx nanosheets (NSs) through comparison with ordinary MXene Ti3C2Tx NSs. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the few‐layer TiVCrMoC3Tx NSs excel in photoelectrochemical‐type photodetectors with swift response properties. Additionally, the advantage of HE structures is further validated by NLO measurement system, which show that few‐layer TiVCrMoC3Tx NSs exhibit stronger saturable absorption than Ti3C2Tx NSs. First‐principles calculations based on the special quasi‐random structure method reveal that the transition behavior of HE‐MXene is similar to that of a semiconductor with direct bandgap, and this is ascribed to the main reason of strong photoelectric response. Taking advantage of the NLO properties of the TiVCrMoC3Tx NSs, all‐optical devices based on these NSs are applied to mode‐locked fiber lasers at 1, 1.5, and 2 µm wavebands, respectively. This investigation provides meaningful guidance for the future design and application of HE‐MXenes in high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Creating Multispectral Grafted Perfect Vector Vortex Beams in a Queue
Authors: Wang Guanchao , Ahmed Hammad , Ansari Muhammad Afnan , Li Yan , Zhang Chunmei , Tian Hao , Li Li , Chen Xianzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerfect vector vortex beams play a very important role in understanding complex structured beams due to their vortex nature and nonuniform polarization profiles. However, the generation of these beams suffers from a limited number of topological charges, bulky optical setup, lack of color information, and limited control along the light propagation direction. To tackle these fundamental and technical challenges, a metasurface approach to generating multiple grafted perfect vector vortex beams (GPVVBs) along the light propagation direction. GPVVBs with different colors are observed by changing the observation plane is proposed. Their polarization profiles are indirectly confirmed through the unique features in the modulated intensity profiles with an analyzer. Furthermore, the dynamic control of these beams is realized by continuously changing the incident polarization. Simultaneous control of color and topological charges in GPVVBs along the longitudinal direction provides more degrees of freedom for carrying information and has the potential to impact quantum science, singular optics, and optical communications.
SUCCESS DEPENDS ON WELCOMING—NOT SHOOTING—THE MESSENGER
Authors: Barnard‐Bahn Amii 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe author, a longtime executive in Fortune 500 companies and nonprofits, and now a C‐suite coach and business ethics attorney, examines how to deliver bad news within organizations. She presents six steps, each illustrated with a real‐life example. The steps are, in her words, 1. Psychologically Prepare Your Audience 2. Rehearse Confident Delivery. 3. Be fully present and fully focused. 4. Convey benevolent, proactive intent. 5. Explain without justifying. 6. Add a sense of urgency. She poses three questions in Step 1: “What is the impact? How can the damage be contained? What needs to change?” Within Step 2, “practicing has been shown to 1) bolster your credibility with influential people and 2) alleviate the substantial emotional distress often associated with leadership roles.” Within Step 3, “When delivering bad news, pay attention to the method of delivery. Face‐to‐face in‐person is best, followed by videoconference, and third, by telephone.” In Step 4, “Counter negative assumptions by outlining next steps and proactive measures, while genuine empathy underscores your role as a trusted advisor.” In Step 5, “Present the facts to ensure they have a comprehensive understanding of the situation.” And in Step 6, “Sustaining urgency involves diligent follow‐up, reinforcing the successful measures taken earlier.”
HOW EFFECTIVE THINKING HABITS HELP LEADERS TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE
Authors: Seeber‐Quayle Sandy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeeber‐Quayle, who has a wide‐ranging background as an organizational coach and an insurance professional, writes that to achieve behavior change, we need “a way that helps us interrupt our automatic thinking and form effective thinking habits.” All of this is happening in our VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity) world, which has already become more of what futurist Jamais Cascio describes as a BANI world—brittle, anxious, non‐linear, and incomprehensible. One strategy to cultivate such effective thinking habits is the KUBA Pilot Strategy. It is a “systematic approach to directing our thinking through four key checkpoints: Know Yourself, Understand Others, Build Connections, and Align Decisions.” The figure describes these four as in her words: (1) My why. My what. My Needs. (2) Their why. Their what. Their needs. (3) Connecting people. Connecting details. Common denominators. (4) Big picture. Consequences. Long‐term strategy. Seeber‐Quayle says that “by regularly using the checkpoints of the KUBA Pilot Strategy when solving problems or working towards objectives, the brain eventually forms new pathways.” She concludes that “the development of effective thinking habits strengthens self‐confidence, helps grow emotional intelligence, and cultivates critical thinking.”
THE DISCIPLINE OF VISIONING FOR LEADERS
Authors: Watkins Michael D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe author is professor of leadership at the IMD Business School and a cofounder of Genesis Advisers, and particularly known for his classic book The First 90 Days. He discusses vision and visioning in the context of leadership and business: “The discipline of visioning is about building bridges between possible futures and current realities.” He cautions that a vision is not a mission, or strategy, and it is “not a set of core objectives.” He makes further distinctions: “Purpose is about defining why your organization exists. Vision is about identifying an inspiring future destination or achievement.” He writes that a “compelling vision helps employees understand how their work contributes to the enterprise’s success and furthers its mission and purpose.” He advocates moving from a personal vision to a shared vision: “Can you imagine a clear, desirable future state to which you want to lead your business?” He advocates and describes various techniques, including, in his words, backcasting, powerful simplification, the architect’s exercise, and the vision workshop. “Visioning in leadership,” he concludes, “involves developing and communicating the vision through powerful simplification and storytelling that align the organization’s strategies, policies and actions with the vision.”
Core–Shell Bacterial Cellulose/Graphene Oxide@Polydopamine Aerogel Fibers for Personal Thermal Management Textiles
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Zhao Guanzhi , Wang Chaoxia , Yin Yunjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe porous nature and gel network of aerogel fibers make them ideal options for personal thermal management because they can significantly cut down on energy waste. However, aerogel fibers generally suffer from poor mechanical properties and single function. Herein, the porous continuous bacterial cellulose/graphene oxide@polydopamine core–shell aerogel fibers with high strength, excellent photothermal properties, and thermal insulation are investigated by wet spinning and freeze‐drying. The bacterial cellulose/graphene oxide@polydopamine aerogel fiber prepared by wet spinning method has a porous structure, which can prevent heat convection, reduce heat conduction, and suppress heat radiation, making the aerogel fiber have excellent thermal insulation properties. More crucially, graphene oxide may considerably enhance infrared radiation's capacity for heating, while polydopamine can enhance ultraviolet light absorption and boost photothermal conversion capability.
Turbidimetric bioassays: A solution to antimicrobial activity detection in asymptomatic bacteriuria isolates against uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Kenneally Ciara , Murphy Craig P. , Sleator Roy D. , Culligan Eamonn P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraditional bacteriocin screening methods often face limitations due to diffusion‐related challenges in agar matrices, which can prevent the peptides from reaching their target organism. Turbidimetric techniques offer a solution to these issues, eliminating diffusion‐related problems and providing an initial quantification of bacteriocin efficacy in producer organisms. This study involved screening the cell‐free supernatant (CFS) from eight uncharacterized asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) isolates and Escherichia coli 83972 for antimicrobial activity against clinical uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains using turbidimetric growth methods. ABU isolates exhibiting activity against five or more UPEC strains were further characterized (PUTS 37, PUTS 58, PUTS 59, S‐07‐4, and SK‐106‐1). The inhibition of the CFS by proteinase K suggested that the antimicrobial activity was proteinaceous in nature, potentially bacteriocins. The activity of E. coli PUTS 58 and SK‐106‐1 was enhanced in an artificial urine medium, with both inhibiting all eight UPECs. A putative microcin H47 operon was identified in E. coli SK‐106‐1, along with a previously identified microcin V and colicin E7 in E. coli PUTS 37 and PUTS 58, respectively. These findings indicate that ABU bacteriocin‐producers could serve as viable prophylactics and therapeutics in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance among uropathogens.
Market configurations when marginal costs are quality‐dependent
Authors: Pires Cesaltina Pacheco , Jorge Sílvia Ferreira , Catalão‐Lopes Margarida , Pinho Joana , Garcês Pedro , Alventosa Adriana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMost quality‐then‐price decision models under vertical product differentiation consider a predetermined market configuration. We endogenize market configuration considering quality‐dependent marginal costs and conclude that a strictly interior full coverage duopoly holds for some parameter values, unveiling the relevance of this commonly assumed market structure. Moreover, we show that a monopoly never arises in equilibrium, and (i) there are multiple equilibria at the frontier between interior and corner full coverage duopoly, (ii) the market is fully (partially) covered when relative tastes' heterogeneity is low (high), and (iii) there is a discontinuity in the transition from partial coverage to full coverage duopoly.
Can monetary incentives improve knowledge contribution? Effects on different types of knowledge
Authors: Luo Xiaopeng , Wang Shiqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnterprise social media (ESM) fosters knowledge sharing, but employee's participation in ESM typically wanes. Thus, monetary incentives are often used to solve this problem. This research examined the effect of monetary incentives on four types of knowledge (high‐quality and low‐quality, work‐related and non‐work‐related) and the mediating role of self‐efficacy. Using quasi‐experimental approach to analyze data from an internal company blog, the research indicates that monetary incentives do have impacts on stimulating knowledge contribution, although their effectiveness appears to vary with the type of knowledge. Besides, self‐efficacy could be evoked by monetary incentives and mediate between monetary incentives and knowledge contribution.
How well can global ensemble forecasts predict tropical cyclones in the southwest Indian Ocean?
Authors: Emerton R. , Hodges K. I. , Stephens E. , Amelie V. , Mustafa M. , Rakotomavo Z. , Coughlan de Perez E. , Magnusson L. , Vidale P.‐L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) recently experienced its most active, costliest and deadliest cyclone season on record (2018–2019). The anticipation and forecasting of natural hazards, such as tropical cyclones, are crucial to preparing for their impacts, but it is important to understand how well forecasting systems can predict them. Despite the vulnerability of the SWIO to tropical cyclones, comparatively little research has focused on this region, including understanding the ability of numerical weather prediction systems to predict cyclones and their impacts in southeast Africa. In this study, we evaluate ensemble probabilistic and high‐resolution deterministic forecasts of tropical cyclones in the SWIO from 2010 to 2020, using two state‐of‐the‐art global forecasting systems: one from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the other from the U.K. Met Office. We evaluate predictions of the track, assessing the location of the centre of each storm and its speed of movement, as well as its intensity, looking at maximum wind speeds and minimum central pressure, and discuss how the forecasts have evolved over the 10‐year period. Overall, ECMWF typically provides more accurate forecasts, but both systems tend to underestimate translation speed and intensity. We also investigate the impact of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) on tropical cyclones and their forecasts. The MJO impacts where and when tropical cyclones form, their tracks and intensities, which in turn impacts forecast skill. These results are intended to provide an increased understanding of the ability of global forecasting systems to predict tropical cyclones in the SWIO, for the purpose of decision making and anticipatory action.
The association between weight loss medications and cardiovascular complications
Authors: Baser Onur , Samayoa Gabriela , Rodchenko Katarzyna , Isenman Lauren , Baser Erdem , Yapar Nehir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveObesity and its cardiovascular complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Little is known in real‐world settings about the effect of newly approved antiobesity medications (AOMs) on cardiovascular complications among patients with obesity.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined the association between newly approved AOM use and cardiovascular events among Medicare patients with obesity using data from 2020 to 2022. Patient age, gender, comorbidity scores, socioeconomic status, and baseline cardiovascular comorbidities were compared descriptively. Subgroup analysis compared variables by medication type. Relative risk and absolute risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events were estimated using Cox and Aalen regression models.ResultsThe analysis included 5926 patients treated with semaglutide and tirzepatide, including Ozempic (5404 patients), Wegovy (375 patients), or Mounjaro (147 patients). Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were the most common comorbidities. For patients with AOMs, less incidence of heart failure (4.89% vs. 6.13%, p < 0.0001), atrial fibrillation (3.83% vs. 5.17%, p < 0.0001), arrhythmia (3.59% vs. 4.14%, p < 0.0153), and peripheral vascular disease (3.44% vs. 2.94%, p < 0.0395) was found versus patients without AOMs. Patients receiving AOMs showed an 8% risk reduction in any CVD. Protective effect on CVD was apparent over the first 375 days.ConclusionsResults suggest that utilization of AOMs effectively alleviates the high prevalence of CVD.
Approach to weight management in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease in a real‐life clinical setting
Authors: Lockhart Pastor Paola , Amin Amin , Galvan Daniel , Negrete Vasquez Ofelia , Almandoz Jaime P. , Lingvay Ildiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveExcess adiposity represents a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and progression to end‐stage kidney disease. Anti‐Obesity Medications (AOMs) are vastly underutilized in patients with advanced CKD because of concerns related to safety and efficacy. This study was conducted to evaluate the real‐world approach to weight management and the efficacy and safety of AOMs in people with advanced CKD.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of individuals with Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2 and eGFR ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 referred to an academic medical weight‐management program between 01/2015 and 09/2022. Evaluation of weight‐management approaches, body weight change, treatment‐related side effects, and reasons for treatment discontinuation were reported.ResultsEighty‐nine patients met inclusion criteria, 16 were treated with intensive lifestyle modifications (ILM) alone and 73 with AOMs (all treated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist [GLP1‐RA] +/− other AOMs) along with ILM. Patients treated with AOMs had a longer duration of on‐treatment follow‐up (median 924 days) compared to (93 days) the ILM group. Over 75% of patients treated with AOMs lost ≥5% body weight versus 25% of those treated with ILM. Only 15% of patients treated with AOMs discontinued therapy due to treatment‐related side effects.ConclusionIn patients with obesity and advanced CKD, GLP‐1RA‐based anti‐obesity treatment was well‐tolerated, effective, and led to durable weight reduction.
Association of hydroxyurea adherence with transcranial Doppler screenings in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Knight La'Kita M. J. , Tanabe Paula , Blewer Audrey L. , Goodrich James , King Allison A. , Reuter‐Rice Karin , Crego Nancy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundNational sickle cell disease (SCD) guidelines recommend oral hydroxyurea (HU) starting at 9 months of age, and annual transcranial Doppler (TCD) screenings to identify stroke risk in children aged 2–16 years. We examined prevalence and proportion of TCD screenings in North Carolina Medicaid enrollees to identify associations with sociodemographic factors and HU adherence over 3 years.Study designWe conducted a longitudinal study with children ages 2–16 years with SCD enrolled in NC Medicaid from years 2016–2019. Prevalence of TCD screening claims was calculated for 3 years, and proportion was calculated for 12, 24, and 36 months of Medicaid enrollment. Enrollee HU adherence was categorized using HU proportion of days covered. Multivariable Poisson regression assessed for TCD screening rates by HU adherence, controlling for age, sex, and rurality.ResultsThe prevalence of annual TCD screening was between 39.5% and 40.1%. Of those with 12‐month enrollment, 77.8% had no TCD claims, compared to 22.2% who had one or higher TCD claims. Inversely, in children with 36 months of enrollment, 36.7% had no TCD claims compared to 63.3% who had one or higher TCD claims. The proportion of children with two or higher TCD claims increased with longer enrollment (10.5% at 12 months, 33.7% at 24 months, and 52.6% at 36 months). Children with good HU adherence were 2.48 (p < .0001) times more likely to have TCD claims than children with poor HU adherence.ConclusionWhile overall TCD screening prevalence was low, children with better HU adherence and longer Medicaid enrollment had more TCD screenings. Multilevel interventions are needed to engage healthcare providers and families to improve both evidence‐based care and annual TCD screenings in children with SCD.
Enrollment on upfront high‐risk neuroblastoma trials by race, ethnicity, and poverty status: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Umaretiya Puja J. , Naranjo Arlene , Zhang Fan F. , Irwin Meredith S. , DuBois Steven G. , Bagatell Rochelle , Bona Kira 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is not clear whether trial access disparities exist in the Children's Oncology Group (COG). Here, we leverage a cohort of children with high‐risk neuroblastoma (HR‐NBL) enrolled on the COG ANBL00B1 neuroblastoma biology study to examine subsequent enrollment to upfront COG therapeutic trials by race, ethnicity, and proxied poverty status. Among 1917 children with HR‐NBL enrolled on ANBL00B1, 696 (36.3%) subsequently enrolled on an upfront therapeutic trial with no difference by race, ethnicity, or proxied poverty status. In neuroblastoma, trial access disparities are not comparable to adult oncology, and efforts to advance equity should prioritize other mechanisms of survival disparities.
Interleaving carbon‐glass veils in glass epoxy composite for enhanced fracture toughness and interlaminar shear strength—A hybrid approach
Authors: Uppin Vinayak S. , Gouda P. S. Shivakumar , Sridhar Ippey , Umarfarooq M. A. , Edacherian Abhilash 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study investigates the mode‐II fracture resistance and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) in glass epoxy laminates with the aid of glass‐carbon veils hybrid interleaving technique. Hybrid interleaves were prepared using various areal densities of non‐woven carbon and glass veils. Two methods, specifically inter‐ply and inter‐weaved ply interleaved glass epoxy composite laminates were manufactured by hand layup technique. End notch flexural and short beam test specimens were tested to estimate the mode‐II fracture resistance and ILSS. Test results indicated that the interleaved with inter‐weaved veil composite exhibited ~58% to ~82% and ~13% to ~61% enhancement for inter‐ply veil composite laminates when compared to plain samples. In context with the short beam test, a significant enhancement of approximately 23% in ILSS was noticed for the plain inter‐weaved veil constructed with a lower areal density of the carbon veil. Finally, the plain inter‐weaved interleaving technique has a prominent role in enhancing the resistance to fracture and shear strength in Glass epoxy laminates. Further, the fracture mechanisms of non‐interleaved and hybrid ply interleaved composite laminates were observed by scanning electron microscopic images.Highlights
Interleaving non‐woven microfiber veil is the most promising and cost‐effective strategy to enhance the Interlayer toughness and strength.
Interleaving techniques used in this investigation have a significant effect on interlaminar fracture toughness (IFT) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS).
The areal density of high‐modulus carbon veil showed a different phenomenal influence on IFT and ILSS.