bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LA PERSPECTIVE AÉRIENNE DE LÉONARD DE VINCI ET SES ORIGINES DANS L'OPTIQUE D'IBN AL-HAYTHAM (DE ASPECTIBUS, III, 7)
Authors: RAYNAUD DOMINIQUE 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe concept of aerial perspective has been used for the first time by Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519). This article studies its dependence on Ptolemy's Optica and overall on the optical tradition inaugurated by Ibn al-Haytham's Kitāb al-Manāẓir (d. after 1040). This treatise, that was accessible through several Latin and Italian manuscripts, and was the source of many Medieval commentaries, offers a general theory of visual perception emancipated from the case of the moon illusion, in which physical and psychological factors are closely combined. Atmospheric extinction (not refraction, which is sometimes confused with) affects the conjectured size of remote objects. This phenomenon is also the core source for a pictorial rendering of depth, that is based onto a principle different from the diminution of size.
Activation of a novel natriuretic endocrine system in humans with heart failure
Authors: Narayan Hafid , Mohammed Noor , Quinn Paulene A. , Squire Iain B. , Davies Joan E. , Ng Leong L. 
Published: September 2009

Proguanylin and prouroguanylin are the inactive precursors of guanylin and uroguanylin, natriuretic peptides involved in the regulation of sodium balance. Urinary uroguanylin levels have been found previously to be elevated in patients with HF (heart failure). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether plasma proguanylin and prouroguanylin levels are increased in patients with HF and to evaluate their relationship with cardiac and renal function. In this prospective observational study, we recruited 243 patients with HF (151 men) and 72 healthy controls. In patients with HF, plasma levels of proguanylin [median, 7.2 (range, 0.9–79.0) μg/l] and prouroguanylin [8.3 (1.7–53.0 μg/l)] were both significantly (P&lt;0.0005) higher compared with levels in healthy controls [5.5 (0.4–22.3 μg/l) for proguanylin and 6.3 (2.5–16.9) μg/l for prouroguanylin]. In patients with HF, increased age, a history of hypertension, diabetes and atrial fibrillation, use of diuretics, a higher NYHA (New York Heart Association) class and a lower eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) were significant univariate predictors of proguanylin and prouroguanylin levels. In multivariate analysis, a history of hypertension and low eGFR both had strong independent associations with proguanylin and prouroguanylin levels. Proguanylin and prouroguanylin varied significantly between NYHA class with a trend of increasing plasma concentrations with worsening severity of symptoms. In conclusion, plasma proguanylin and prouroguanylin are elevated in patients with HF. Elevated plasma proguanylin and prouroguanylin levels are associated with hypertension, renal impairment and increasing severity of HF. This novel endocrine system may contribute to the pathophysiology of HF.
Evaluation of an Electronic Device for Real-Time Measurement of Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Use
Authors: Boyce John M. , Cooper Timothea , Dolan Michael J. 
Published: September 2009

Background.Observational surveys of hand hygiene compliance are time consuming. Measuring the use of a hand hygiene product is a less time-consuming method of monitoring the frequency of hand hygiene performance.Objective.To evaluate the usefulness of electronic devices for monitoring alcohol-based hand rub use.Design.Prospective observational trial.Setting.A university-affiliated teaching hospital.Methods.Prototypes of an electronic device designed to record each time a dispenser is used (hereafter referred to as a hand hygiene event) were placed in alcohol-based hand rub dispensers on the general medical ward and in the surgical intensive care unit. Data were downloaded wirelessly to a data logger and then uploaded to a dedicated Web site for analysis. Alcohol-based hand rub dispensers were located in patient rooms and in corridors.Results.During a 6-month trial, 105,462 hand hygiene events occurred in the surgical intensive care unit, and 44,845 events occurred on the general medical ward. The dispensers located in patient rooms accounted for 47% of the hand hygiene events performed in the surgical intensive care unit but for only 36% of events on the general medical ward (P<.001). The dispensers most often used were located in corridors. Hand hygiene events were most common on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays, between 7:00 AM and 11:00 AM.Conclusions.The use of these electronic devices provided an efficient and accurate method of monitoring the frequency of alcohol-based hand rub performance on the general medical ward and in the surgical intensive care unit, and yielded more detailed information on usage patterns than did expressing use as liters per 1,000 patient-days. The wireless downloading of data from dispensers required a limited amount of time, and the dedicated Web site facilitated data analysis. Such devices should prove useful in monitoring the impact of various interventions on the frequency of hand hygiene performance.
Association of IL23R p.381Gln and ATG16L1 p.197Ala With Crohn Disease in the Czech Population
Authors: Dusatkova Petra , Hradsky Ondrej , Lenicek Martin , Bronsky Jiri , Nevoral Jiri , Kotalova Radana , Bajerova Katerina , Vitek Libor , Lukas Milan , Cinek Ondrej 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTObjectives:An association of variants in the genes encoding the interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R, p.Arg381Gln, rs11209026), and the autophagy‐related gene 16‐like 1 (ATG16L1, p.Ala197Thr, rs2241880) with Crohn disease (CD) was identified by whole genome association studies, and subsequently confirmed by other works. The aim of this study was to assess this association in the Czech population.Subjects and Methods:In a case‐control study 333 patients with CD (137 paediatric and 196 adult‐onset) and 499 unrelated healthy controls were genotyped using TaqMan SNP assays.Results:The IL23R p.381Gln allele was protective against CD in the Czech population (allelic frequency 3.2% in patients vs 5.5% in control subjects; OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33–0.93, P = 0.02). ATG16L1 p.197Ala allele conferred increased risk of CD (allelic frequency 60% in patients vs 51% in controls; OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.52, P = 0.03). There was no appreciable difference in the effect of the associated alleles across the strata of CARD15‐conferred risk. The IL23R and ATG16L1 variants did not influence the age at diagnosis, and in the genotype‐phenotype analysis, the only detected association was a weak one between IL23R p.381Gln and involvement of the upper gastrointestinal tract (uncorrected P = 0.031).Conclusions:We confirmed the role of IL23R and ATG16L1 in the CD susceptibility in the Czech population, and found a weak protective effect of IL23R p.381Gln against upper gastrointestinal tract involvement.
An Innovative Summer Camp Program Improves Weight and Self‐esteem in Obese Children
Authors: Wong William W , Abrams Stephanie H , Mikhail Carmen , Terrazas Norma L , Wilson Theresa A , Arceo Diana , Mrowczynski Paula K , King Kristi L , Stansel Amanda D , Albright Ashley N , Barlow Sarah E , Brown Kimberly O , Brown Jason D , Klish William J 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTTo determine the potential benefits of a residential summer camp to treat childhood obesity, 21 obese, multiethnic children (aged 11.4 ± 1.4 years; body mass index [BMI] percentile 98.5 ± 1.4; BMI z score 2.30 ± 0.33) from a diverse socioeconomic background were enrolled in a 2‐week summer camp program. Significant improvements (P < 0.04) were observed in self‐esteem (+0.27 ± 0.33 point), body weight (−3.7 ± 1.2 kg), BMI (−1.60 ± 0.48 kg/m2), BMI z score (−0.12 ± 0.06), number of curl ups (+10.9 ± 21.5), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−10.8 ± 13.4 and −9.4 ± 5.5 mmHg, respectively), and heart rate (−8.2 ± 12.7 bpm).
Growth and Body Composition of Human Milk–fed Premature Infants Provided With Extra Energy and Nutrients Early After Hospital Discharge: 1‐year Follow‐up
Authors: Aimone Ashley , Rovet Joanne , Ward Wendy , Jefferies Ann , Campbell Douglas M , Asztalos Elizabeth , Feldman Mark , Vaughan Jennifer , Westall Carol , Whyte Hilary , O'Connor Deborah L ,   Post‐Discharge Feeding Study Group
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTObjectives:Human milk (HM) is the optimal source of nutrition for premature infants; however, it is unclear whether HM alone is sufficient to meet their elevated nutritional requirements early after hospital discharge. We previously reported that premature infants (750–1800 g birth weight) fed HM containing extra nutrients for 12 weeks after discharge had dietary intakes closer to recommended levels and grew more rapidly than those fed HM alone. The objectives of the present article are to examine the impact of this intervention on bone mineralization, body composition, and HM use up to 1 year. Data are also presented on general developmental level at 18‐month corrected age (CA).Patients and Methods:At discharge, predominantly HM‐fed infants were randomized to receive for 12 weeks either approximately half of their feedings containing a multinutrient fortifier (intervention, n = 19) or all of their feedings as HM alone (control, n = 20).Results:Intervention infants remained longer (P < 0.001) and had greater whole‐body bone mineral content (P = 0.02) until 12‐month CA compared with controls. Intervention infants born less than or equal to 1250 g continued to have a larger mean head circumference throughout the first year of life (P < 0.0001). Human milk feeding (mL · kg−1 · day−1) differed between groups at 6‐ (P = 0.035), but not 12‐month CA. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in the mental, motor, or behavior rating scale scores of the Bayley II at 18‐month CA.Conclusions:Adding a multinutrient fortifier to HM provided to predominantly HM‐fed premature infants early after discharge results in sustained differences in weight, length, and whole‐body bone mineral content, and in smaller babies, head circumference for the first year of life.
Expression of histone deacetylases in lymphoma: implication for the development of selective inhibitors
Authors: Gloghini Annunziata , Buglio Daniela , Khaskhely Noor M. , Georgakis Georgios , Orlowski Robert Z. , Neelapu Sattva S. , Carbone Antonino , Younes Anas 
Published: September 2009

SummaryUnselective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a promising novel therapy for lymphoid malignancies. However, these treatments remain empiric as the pattern of HDAC enzymes in different types of cancer, including lymphoid malignancies, remains unknown. We examined the expression of class I and class II HDACs in a panel of cell lines and tissue sections from primary lymphoid tumours. Class I enzymes were highly expressed in all cell lines and primary tumours studied, including the non‐malignant reactive cells in the Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) microenvironment. The most frequently altered HDAC expression was HDAC6, as it was either weakly expressed or undetected in 9/14 (64%) of lymphoid cell lines and in 83/89 (93%) of primary lymphoma tissue specimens, including 50/52 (96%) cases of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, and 18/22 (82%) cases of classical HL. Cell lines that had low expression level of HDAC6 demonstrated aberrant expression of hyper‐acetylated tubulin, and were found to be more sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of the class I HDAC inhibitor MGCD0103. Collectively, our data demonstrate that HDAC6 is rarely expressed in primary lymphoma cases, suggesting that it may not be an important therapeutic target in these lymphoid malignancies.
Diagnosis of mild platelet function disorders. Reliability and usefulness of light transmission platelet aggregation and serotonin secretion assays
Authors: Quiroga Teresa , Goycoolea Manuela , Matus Valeria , Zúñiga Pamela , Martínez Carlos , Garrido Marcelo , Aranda Eduardo , Leighton Federico , Panes Olga , Pereira Jaime , Mezzano Diego 
Published: September 2009

SummaryLight transmission platelet aggregation (PA), adapted to measure platelet secretion (PS), is the reference test for diagnosing platelet functional disorders (PFD). Problems with these assays include lack of standardisation, unknown reproducibility and lack of universally accepted diagnostic criteria. We addressed these issues in patients with inherited mucocutaneous bleeding (MCB). Normal and abnormal PA tests in 213 patients were reproducible in 93·3% and 90·4% of the cases, respectively. Mean intra‐subject coefficient of variation for PA with strong agonists were <9% and mean intra‐class correlation coefficient for weak agonists were >0·86 (P < 0·0001). Concomitant impaired PA with 10 μmol/l‐adrenaline and 4 μmol/l‐ADP was observed in 13·7% of the controls. This combination was not considered per se a criterion for PFD. PA with adrenaline ≥42% or irreversible aggregation with 4 μmol/l ADP had 93% and 95% Negative Predictive Value for diagnosing PFD, respectively. PA defects were consistently associated with abnormal PS. In contrast, 14·3% of patients with MCB had isolated PS. Thus, standardized PA/PS assays are highly reproducible and concordant in normal and patient populations. Normal PA with adrenaline and low ADP concentration robustly predict a normal PA. Simultaneous PA/PS assays enable the diagnosis of isolated PS defects. This study confirmed that hereditary PA–PS defects are highly prevalent.
Comparison of miRNA profiles of microdissected Hodgkin/Reed‐Sternberg cells and Hodgkin cell lines versus CD77+ B‐cells reveals a distinct subset of differentially expressed miRNAs
Authors: Van Vlierberghe Pieter , De Weer An , Mestdagh Pieter , Feys Tom , De Preter Katleen , De Paepe Pascale , Lambein Kathleen , Vandesompele Jo , Van Roy Nadine , Verhasselt Bruno , Poppe Bruce , Speleman Frank 
Published: September 2009

SummaryClassical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by the presence of malignant Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells. The scarcity of tumour cells in lymphoma biopsies has hampered genetic analyses of HRS cells, including microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling. We determined the expression of 360 miRNAs in microdissected HRS cells from nine cHL patients. These miRNA profiles were compared to those from four cHL cell lines and CD77+ B‐cells, yielding a distinct cHL signature of 12 over‐ and three underexpressed miRNAs. Our data suggest that miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma and prompt further investigations concerning their role in cHL.
Clinical effects of sulphite additives
Authors: Vally H. , Misso N. L. A. , Madan V. 
Published: September 2009

SummarySulphites are widely used as preservative and antioxidant additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Topical, oral or parenteral exposure to sulphites has been reported to induce a range of adverse clinical effects in sensitive individuals, ranging from dermatitis, urticaria, flushing, hypotension, abdominal pain and diarrhoea to life‐threatening anaphylactic and asthmatic reactions. Exposure to the sulphites arises mainly from the consumption of foods and drinks that contain these additives; however, exposure may also occur through the use of pharmaceutical products, as well as in occupational settings. While contact sensitivity to sulphite additives in topical medications is increasingly being recognized, skin reactions also occur after ingestion of or parenteral exposure to sulphites. Most studies report a 3–10% prevalence of sulphite sensitivity among asthmatic subjects following ingestion of these additives. However, the severity of these reactions varies, and steroid‐dependent asthmatics, those with marked airway hyperresponsiveness, and children with chronic asthma, appear to be at greater risk. In addition to episodic and acute symptoms, sulphites may also contribute to chronic skin and respiratory symptoms. To date, the mechanisms underlying sulphite sensitivity remain unclear, although a number of potential mechanisms have been proposed. Physicians should be aware of the range of clinical manifestations of sulphite sensitivity, as well as the potential sources of exposure. Minor modifications to diet or behaviour lead to excellent clinical outcomes for sulphite‐sensitive individuals.
Co‐variation of fish assemblages, flow regimes and other habitat factors in French rivers
Authors: SNELDER TON H. , LAMOUROUX NICOLAS 
Published: September 2009

Summary1. Using data from 270 minimally disturbed river sites distributed across France, we examined relationships between fish assemblages and four sets of explanatory variables representing climate, position in the river network, geomorphology and flow regime (temporal flow variation).2. Flow regimes, represented by 157 hydrological indices, were derived from 763 gauging stations representing unmodified flows. Principal components analysis was used to reduce the 157 indices to nine non‐redundant hydrological variables, and hydrological regionalisation was then used to transfer the hydrological variables to the sampling sites.3. Climate, position in the river network and geomorphology, collectively referred to as ‘habitat’ factors, and were represented by the variables mean January and July temperature, distance from source, mean flow and altitude and width, depth, slope, sediment size and % lotic habitat.4. Partial constrained ordination (pCCA) showed that hydrological variables individually explained 9.7% of the variability of fish assemblages, however the variation explained by the hydrological variables decreased to only 3.4% when the variation explained by the habitat variables was removed.5. Our study showed that co‐variation between hydrological and habitat variables need to be accounted for to avoid overestimating the importance of biological–hydrological relationships. Failing to do so may have important implications for the development of environmental flow prescriptions, as apparent biological responses to altered flow regimes are likely to be confounded by variation associated with habitat variability.
Economical impact of plasma fractionation project in Iran on affordability of plasma‐derived medicines
Authors: Cheraghali A. M. , Aboofazeli R. 
Published: September 2009

summary.In Iran all transfusion services are concentrated under authority of one public and centralized transfusion organization which has created the opportunity of using plasma produced in its blood centers for fractionation. In 2008 voluntary and non remunerated Iranian donors donated 1.8 million units of blood. This indicates a 25/1000 donation index. After responding to the needs for fresh plasma and cryoprecipitate each year about 150000 L of recovered plasma are reserved for fractionation. In an attempt to improve both blood safety profile and availability and affordability of plasma derived medicines, Iran's national transfusion service has entered into a contract fractionation agreement for surplus of plasma produced from donated blood by voluntary non remunerated donors. In order to ensure safety of product produced, Iran has chosen to collaborate with international fractionators based in highly regulated countries. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of contract plasma fractionation on the affordability of the plasma derived medicines in Iran. During 2006–2008, Iran's contract fractionation project was able to produce 46%, 18% and 6% of IVIG, Albumin and FVIII consumed in Iran's market, respectively. In contrary to IVIG and Albumin, due to fairly high consumption of FVIII in Iran, the role of fractionation project in meeting the needs to FVIII was not substantial. However, Iran's experience has shown that contract plasma fractionation, through direct and indirect effects on price of plasma derived medicines, could substantially improve availability and affordability of such products in national health care system.
Assimilation and translocation of nitrogen and carbon in Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep
Authors: Khuankaew T. , Ruamrungsri S. , Ito S. , Sato T. , Ohtake N. , Sueyoshi K. , Ohyama T. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCurcuma or Siam tulip (Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.) is an ornamental flowering plant with two underground storage organs, rhizomes and storage roots. Characteristics of N and C assimilation and transport in curcuma were investigated. The plants were treated with 15NH4+ + 15NO3− and 13CO2 at 10, 13 or 21 weeks after planting. Plants were sampled at several stages up to 32 weeks. The C stored in old storage roots was used rapidly during the first 10 weeks; after which N stored in old rhizomes and old storage roots were used. The daily gain in C depending on photosynthesis was remarkably high between 10 and 21 weeks. However, the daily gain in N was relatively constant throughout the growth period. The 15N absorbed at 10 weeks was initially accumulated in leaves and roots, but some was transported to flowering organs at 13 weeks. At harvest, 41% of 15N was recovered in new rhizomes and 17% in new storage roots. After 13CO2 exposure at 10 and 13 weeks, the distribution of 13C among organs was relatively constant in subsequent stages. When given 13CO2 at 21 weeks, a large amount of labelled C was recovered in new storage roots and new rhizomes at harvest. Both new rhizomes and new storage roots stored N and C, however, rhizomes played a more important role in supplying N, while storage roots provided C.
Power of a genome scan to detect and locate quantitative trait loci in cattle using dense single nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: MacLeod I.M. , Hayes B.J. , Savin K.W. , Chamberlain A.J. , McPartlan H.C. , Goddard M.E. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThere is increasing use of dense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for whole‐genome association studies (WGAS) in livestock to map and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL). These studies rely on linkage disequilibrium (LD) to detect an association between SNP genotypes and phenotypes. The power and precision of these WGAS are unknown, and will depend on the extent of LD in the experimental population. One complication for WGAS in livestock populations is that they typically consist of many paternal half‐sib families, and in some cases full‐sib families; unless this subtle population stratification is accounted for, many spurious associations may be reported. Our aim was to investigate the power, precision and false discovery rates of WGAS for QTL discovery, with a commercial SNP array, given existing patterns of LD in cattle. We also tested the efficiency of selective genotyping animals. A total of 365 cattle were genotyped for 9232 SNPs. We simulated a QTL effect as well as polygenic and environmental effects for all animals. One QTL was simulated on a randomly chosen SNP and accounted for 5%, 10% or 18% of the total variance. The power to detect a moderate‐sized additive QTL (5% of the phenotypic variance) with 365 animals genotyped was 37% (p < 0.001). Most importantly, if pedigree structure was not accounted for, the number of false positives significantly increased above those expected by chance alone. Selective genotyping also resulted in a significant increase in false positives, even when pedigree structure was accounted for.