bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An aquaculture risk model to understand the causes and consequences of Atlantic Salmon mass mortality events: A review
Authors: Sajid Zaman , Gamperl A. Kurt , Parrish Christopher C. , Colombo Stefanie M. , Santander Javier , Mather Charles , Neis Barbara , Holmen Ingunn Marie , Filgueira Ramón , McKenzie Cynthia H. , Cavalli Lissandra Souto , Jeebhay Mohamed , Gao Wenzhao , López Gómez María Andrée , Ochs Cory , Lehnert Sarah , Couturier Cyr , Knott Christine , Romero João F. , Caballero‐Solares Albert , Cembella Allan , Murray Harry M. , Fleming Ian A. , Finnis Joel , Fast Mark D. , Wells Mark , Singh Gerald G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMass mortality events (MMEs) are defined as the death of large numbers of fish over a short period of time. These events can result in catastrophic losses to the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry and the local economy. However, they are challenging to understand because of their relative infrequency and the high number of potential factors involved. As a result, the causes and consequences of MMEs in Atlantic salmon aquaculture are not well understood. In this study, we developed a structural network of causal risk factors for MMEs for aquaculture and the communities that depend on Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique, we analysed the causes of Atlantic salmon mass mortalities due to environmental (abiotic), biological (biotic) and nutritional risk factors. The consequences of MMEs were also assessed for the occupational health and safety of aquaculture workers and their implications for the livelihoods of local communities. This structural network deepens our understanding of MMEs and points to management actions and interventions that can help mitigate mass mortalities. MMEs are typically not the result of a single risk factor but are caused by the systematic interaction of risk factors related to the environment, fish diseases, feeding/nutrition and cage‐site management. Results also indicate that considerations of health and safety risk, through pre‐ and post‐event risk assessments, may help to minimize workplace injuries and eliminate potential risks of human fatalities. Company and government‐assisted socio‐economic measures could help mitigate post‐mass mortality impacts. Appropriate and timely management actions may help reduce MMEs at Atlantic salmon cage sites and minimize the physical and social vulnerabilities of workers and local communities.
Population aging and saving: Evidence from China
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyeon , Liu Peiyao , Lin Shu‐Chin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSaving is a main source of financing capital and R&D investment, which can facilitate economic growth and development. Saving also acts as a buffer against uncertainty and external shocks, which can smooth growth volatility and promote economic growth. Thus understanding the determination of saving is vital for policymaking. This paper evaluates the saving consequence of population aging in China, a fast growing economy that has been experiencing rapid population aging with high saving rates. However, whether and how population aging affects saving remains controversial. Instead of verifying whether population aging increases or decreases saving, this paper takes a step further to examine potential nonlinearity in the nexus, which allows one to address the reason for inconclusiveness. Using China's provincial data over the period 1989–2019, it indeed finds significant existence of nonlinearity. Household saving follows an inverted‐U process with population aging. The effect holds for regions with moderate saving rates. For regions with the least and highest saving rates, household saving follows a U‐shaped process. Similar results are found for total saving.
Detection of delirium in older patients—A point prevalence study in surgical and non‐surgical hospital wards
Authors: Instenes Irene , Eide Leslie S. P. , Andersen Hege , Fålun Nina , Pettersen Trond , Ranhoff Anette H. , Rudolph James L. , Steihaug Ole Martin , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Norekvål Tone M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo (i) determine the prevalence of delirium and identify delirium subtypes in surgical and non‐surgical patients aged ≥65 years, (ii) determine whether certain precipitating factors affect the prevalence of delirium and (iii) review patients' medical records for description of delirium symptoms and the presence of International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10) coding for delirium in discharge summaries.Methodological Design and JustificationsDespite being a robust predictor of morbidity and mortality in older adults, delirium might be inadequately recognised and under‐reported in patients' medical records and discharge summaries. A point prevalence study (24‐h) of patients ≥65 years from surgical and non‐surgical wards was therefore conducted in a tertiary university hospital.Ethical Issues and ApprovalThe study was approved by the Data Protection Officer at the university hospital (2018/3454).Research Methods, Instruments and/or InterventionsPatients were assessed for delirium with 4AT and delirium subtypes with the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale. Information about room transfers, need and use of sensory aids and medical equipment was collected onsite. Patients' medical records were reviewed for description of delirium symptoms and of ICD‐10 codes.ResultsOverall, 123 patients were screened (52% female). Delirium was identified in 27% of them. Prevalence was associated with advanced age (≥85 years). The uncharacterised delirium subtype was most common (36%), followed by hypoactive (30%), hyperactive (24%) and mixed (9%). There were significant associations between positive screening tests and the need and use of sensory aids. Delirium symptoms were described in 58% of the patients who tested positive for delirium and the ICD‐10 code for delirium was registered in 12% of these patients' discharge summaries.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of delirium and limited use of discharge codes highlight the need to improve the identification of delirium in hospital settings and at discharge. Increased awareness and detection of delirium in hospital settings are vital to improve patient care.
OsLCD3 interacts with OsSAMS1 to regulate grain size via ethylene/polyamine homeostasis control
Authors: Hu Wenli , Wang Rong , Hao Xiaohua , Li Shaozhuang , Zhao Xinjie , Xie Zijing , Wu Sha , Huang Liqun , Tan Ying , Tian Lianfu , Li Dongping 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYA fundamental question in developmental biology is how to regulate grain size to improve crop yields. Despite this, little is still known about the genetics and molecular mechanisms regulating grain size in crops. Here, we provide evidence that a putative protein kinase‐like (OsLCD3) interacts with the S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine synthetase 1 (OsSAMS1) and determines the size and weight of grains. OsLCD3 mutation (lcd3) significantly increased grain size and weight by promoting cell expansion in spikelet hull, whereas its overexpression caused negative effects, suggesting that grain size was negatively regulated by OsLCD3. Importantly, lcd3 and OsSAMS1 overexpression (SAM1OE) led to large and heavy grains, with increased ethylene and decreased polyamines production. Based on genetic analyses, it appears that OsLCD3 and OsSAMS1 control rice grain size in part by ethylene/polyamine homeostasis. The results of this study provide a genetic and molecular understanding of how the OsLCD3‐OsSAMS1 regulatory module regulates grain size, suggesting that ethylene/polyamine homeostasis is an appropriate target for improving grain size and weight.
Gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations in general teleparallel gravity
Authors: Heisenberg Lavinia , Hohmann Manuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study linear cosmological perturbations in the most general teleparallel gravity setting, where gravity is mediated by the torsion and nonmetricity of a flat connection alongside the metric. For a general linear perturbation of this geometry around a homogeneous and isotropic background geometry, we derive the irreducible decomposition of the perturbation variables, as well as their behavior under gauge transformations, i.e., infinitesimal diffeomorphisms generated by a vector field. In addition, we also study these properties for the most general set of matter variables and gravitational field equations. We then make use of these result to construct gauge-invariant perturbation variables, using a general approach based on gauge conditions. We further calculate these quantities also in the metric and symmetric teleparallel geometries, where nonmetricity or torsion is imposed to vanish. To illustrate our results, we derive the energy-momentum–hypermomentum conservation equations for both the cosmological background and the linear perturbations. As another example, we study the propagation of tensor perturbations in the f(G), f(T) and f(Q) class of theories.
LIGO-India: A decadal assessment on its scope, relevance, progress and future
Authors: Unnikrishnan C. S. 
Published: May 2024

The LIGO-India project to build and operate an advanced LIGO (aLIGO) gravitational wave (GW) detector in India in collaboration with LIGO-USA was initiated as an Indian national mega-science project in 2011. The project relied on the advantage of a head start and cost saving due to the ready availability of most of the aLIGO interferometer components from LIGO-USA, approved by the National Science Foundation. A suitable site was selected and the provisional governmental approval for project was obtained in 2016, immediately following the first direct detection of gravitational waves with the aLIGO detectors. I had discussed the scope and the science case of the project, as well as the plans for its realization by 2022 in a paper [C. S. Unnikrishnan, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 22 (2013) 1341010, arXiv:1510.06059]. With the KAGRA GW detector in Japan being tuned to be part of the GW detector network, it is now the occasion to assess the progress of the LIGO-India project, and evaluate its relevance and scope for GW science and astronomy. Various key factors in the implementation of the project are reassessed in the backdrop of the projected evolution of the global GW detector sensitivity. In my realistic estimate, it will take more than a decade, beyond 2034, and nearly thrice the original budget to commission and operate the detector with a good fraction of the projected design sensitivity. My decadal assessment points to the eroded scientific relevance of the LIGO-India detector in the GW detector network of the next decade. I argue that the only solution to regain its scientific relevance is to re-plan and relaunch the LIGO-India detector in an upgraded [Formula: see text] version, similar to the projected post-O5 upgrade of the LIGO-USA detectors beyond 2029.
A insegurança gerando mal-estar em destinos turísticos
Authors: Tomé MARCELLO , Valduga Manoela , Amorim Ericka 
Published: May 2024

A atividade turística, dentre outros aspectos, caracteriza-se sobretudo pelo deslocamento dos sujeitos entre diferentes territórios, pelos mais variados motivos. As informações prévias que os viajantes têm sobre os inúmeros destinos que podem escolher exercem grande influência na tomada de decisão. Os problemas de segurança pública caracterizam-se como fatores restritivos para tal escolha, pois impõem riscos à vida e à integridade física dos indivíduos. Algumas localidades apresentam condicionantes socioambientais que proporcionam o medo social territorializado, caracterizado como um temor coletivo em determinada parcela do espaço, apresentando características ininterruptas ou temporárias que podem propiciar riscos e mal-estar para as pessoas. Assim, questiona-se se as destinações turísticas com problemas de segurança pública agregariam elementos temerários e negativos em sua imagem, gerando o medo social e propiciando mal-estar aos turistas? Buscando responder tal questionamento, foi definido como objetivo deste artigo destacar o medo social por meio da insegurança, como relevante fator restritivo para o turismo e provocador de mal-estar para os visitantes. Primeiramente, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre os temas fatores restritivos ao turismo e o medo social. A pesquisa empírica contou, com uma primeira parte qualitativa, formada por entrevista com 15 turistas, e a segunda parte foi quantitativa, contou com 384 formulários aplicados junto a turistas, ambas etapas transcorridas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados preliminares indicam a insegurança como destacado fator restritivo para o turismo no Rio de Janeiro, o que pode gerar mal-estar e contribuir para o medo social.
Youth – Agents of Change? German Views on a Possible Paradigm Shift
Authors: Höring Patrik C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Young people are traditionally seen as the future of church and society, as “agents of change.”1 In Europe one might be reminded of the fundamental change during the late 1960s, when mainly students formed demonstrations induced by the Vietnam war and the downsides of the bourgeois structures of society during the post ww ii-period. These experiences formed an image of youth that grounded research in sociology, psychology, and pedagogy for a long period of time and still seem to influence actual thinking and talking about youth. But is this view still appropriate? Are young people of today still “agents of change”? In the following, this image shall be contrasted with recent findings from Germany which indicate a change, a possible paradigm shift, regarding political interest, relations between generations and finally the role of youth ministry as a possible companion for young people in the middle of a changing society – and even the entire world – facing fundamental tasks.
A Comparative Analysis of “Surgery First” vs. “Endoscopy First” for Pediatric Choledocholithiasis Presenting at the End of the Week
Authors: Reid Garrett R. , Rauh Jessica L. , Laingen Bonnie E. , Azar Elizabeth A. , Wood Elizabeth C. , Sanin Gloria D. , Cambronero Gabriel E. , Bosley Maggie E. , Ganapathy Aravindh S. , Patterson James W. , Neff Lucas P. 
Published: May 2024

Background Choledocholithiasis in children is commonly managed with an “endoscopy first” (EF) strategy (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) under a separate anesthetic). Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography is limited at the end of the week (EoW). We hypothesize that a “surgery first” (SF) approach with LC, intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC), and possible laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) can decrease length of stay (LOS) and time to definitive intervention (TTDI). Methods This is a retrospective single-center cohort study conducted between 2018 and 2023 in pediatric patients with suspected choledocholithiasis. Work week (WW) presentation included admission between Monday and Thursday. Time to definitive intervention was defined as time to LC. Results 88 pediatric patients were identified, 61 managed with SF (33 WW and 28 EoW) and 27 managed with EF (18 WW and 9 EoW). Both SF groups had shorter mean LOS for WW and EoW presentation (64.5 h, 92.4 h, 112.9 h, and 113.0 h; P < .05). There was a downtreading TTDI in the SF groups (SF: WW 24.7 h and EoW 21.7 h; EF: WW 31.7 h and EoW 35.9 h; P = .11). 44 patients underwent LCBDE with similar success rates (91.6% WW and 85% EoW; P = 1.0). All EF patients received 2 procedures; 69% of SF patients were definitively managed with one. Conclusion Children with choledocholithiasis at the EoW have a longer LOS and TTDI. These findings are amplified when children enter an EF treatment pathway. An SF approach results in shorter LOS with fewer procedures, regardless of the time of presentation.
Successful one-stage surgical repair in a rare adult patient with berry syndrome
Authors: Pan Sisi , Bai Jue , Wang Feng , Yang Siyuan , Hu Xuanyi , Peng Wanfu , Liang Guiyou 
Published: May 2024

Background Berry syndrome is a rare congenital cardiac malformation, herein we report an adult male patient who was successfully repaired by one-stage surgery. Case Description 18-year-old male patient presenting symptoms of chest tightness and shortness for over a year presented to outpatient clinic in our department to have corrective procedure heart. CTA revealed an Aortopulmonary Window (APW) type III, measuring 4.6 cm in maximum diameter. The right pulmonary artery originated from the ascending aorta, and the pulmonary trunk exhibited dilation with dimensions of 8.3 cm × 5.7 cm × 5.9 cm. Additional findings included Interrupted Aortic Arch (IAA) type A, intact ventricular septum, and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). Echocardiography showed bidirectional shunt at the level of APW in severe pulmonary hypertension. The right heart catheterization indicated a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 70mmHg and a pulmonary artery resistance of 5 Wood units. We evaluated after two weeks of treatment with epoprostenol at a rate of 20 ng/(kg. min) and found a significant improvement in pulmonary-artery pressure. Finally, we communicated with the patient's family and decided to proceed with the procedure. Conclusions For complex cardiovascular malformations, the ideal treatment strategy must be tailored to the characteristics of the patient to provide maximum efficacy and safety.
Freeprotmap: waiting-free prediction method for protein distance map
Authors: Huang Jiajian , Li Jinpeng , Chen Qinchang , Wang Xia , Chen Guangyong , Tang Jin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundProtein residue–residue distance maps are used for remote homology detection, protein information estimation, and protein structure research. However, existing prediction approaches are time-consuming, and hundreds of millions of proteins are discovered each year, necessitating the development of a rapid and reliable prediction method for protein residue–residue distances. Moreover, because many proteins lack known homologous sequences, a waiting-free and alignment-free deep learning method is needed.ResultIn this study, we propose a learning framework named FreeProtMap. In terms of protein representation processing, the proposed group pooling in FreeProtMap effectively mitigates issues arising from high-dimensional sparseness in protein representation. In terms of model structure, we have made several careful designs. Firstly, it is designed based on the locality of protein structures and triangular inequality distance constraints to improve prediction accuracy. Secondly, inference speed is improved by using additive attention and lightweight design. Besides, the generalization ability is improved by using bottlenecks and a neural network block named local microformer. As a result, FreeProtMap can predict protein residue–residue distances in tens of milliseconds and has higher precision than the best structure prediction method.ConclusionSeveral groups of comparative experiments and ablation experiments verify the effectiveness of the designs. The results demonstrate that FreeProtMap significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in accurate protein residue–residue distance prediction, which is beneficial for lots of protein research works. It is worth mentioning that we could scan all proteins discovered each year based on FreeProtMap to find structurally similar proteins in a short time because the fact that the structure similarity calculation method based on distance maps is much less time-consuming than algorithms based on 3D structures.
Improving plant adaptation to soil antimony contamination: the synergistic contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and olive mill waste
Authors: Albqmi Mha , Selim Samy , Bouqellah Nahla Alsayd , Alnusaire Taghreed S. , Almuhayawi Mohammed S. , Al Jaouni Soad K. , Hussein Shaimaa , Warrad Mona , Al-Sanea Mohammad M. , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Mostafa Ehab M. , Aldilami Mohammad , Ahmed Enas S. , AbdElgawad Hamada 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the alterations in biochemical and physiological responses of oat plants exposed to antimony (Sb) contamination in soil. Specifically, we evaluated the effectiveness of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and olive mill waste (OMW) in mitigating the effects of Sb contamination. The soil was treated with a commercial strain of AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis) and OMW (4% w/w) under two different levels of Sb (0 and 1500 mg kg−1 soil).

Results
The combined treatment (OMW + AMF) enhanced the photosynthetic rate (+ 40%) and chlorophyll a (+ 91%) and chlorophyll b (+ 50%) content under Sb condition, which in turn induced more biomass production (+ 67–78%) compared to the contaminated control plants. More photosynthesis in OMW + AMF-treated plants gives a route for phenylalanine amino acid synthesis (+ 69%), which is used as a precursor for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids (+ 110%), polyphenols (+ 26%), and anthocyanins (+ 63%) compared to control plants. More activation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (+ 38%) and chalcone synthase (+ 26%) enzymes in OMW + AMF-treated plants under Sb stress indicated the activation of phenylpropanoid pathways in antioxidant metabolites biosynthesis. There was also improved shifting of antioxidant enzyme activities in the ASC/GSH and catalytic pathways in plants in response to OMW + AMF and Sb contamination, remarkably reducing oxidative damage markers.

Conclusions
While individual applications of OMW and AMF also demonstrated some degree of plant tolerance induction, the combined presence of AMF with OMW supplementation significantly enhanced plant biomass production and adaptability to oxidative stress induced by soil Sb contamination.