bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability evaluation of SnAgCu/SnAgCuCe solder joints based on finite element simulation and experiments
Authors: Zeng Guang , Xue Songbai , Zhang Liang , Sheng Zhong , Gao Lili 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to numerically evaluate the reliability of SnAgCuCe solder joints compared with that of SnAgCu. A trace amount of the rare earth (RE) element Ce was added into SnAgCu solder in order to improve the reliability of lead‐free solder joints, which was evaluated based on finite element simulation and experiments.Design/methodology/approachA finite element method and an Anand constitutive model were employed to analyze the reliability of SnAgCuCe and SnAgCu solder joints in fine pitch quad flat packages under thermal cycling. The mechanical properties and reliability of solder joints were characterized by using thermal fatigue and creep tests, while the microstructure of the solder alloy and SnAgCu/SnAgCuCe solder joints were also investigated in the experimental procedure.FindingsThe simulation results indicated that SnAgCuCe solder joints had better reliability than SnAgCu. In addition, the experimental results accorded well with those of simulation, the thermal fatigue property and creep resistance of solder joints was increased by adding cerium. SnAgCuCe alloy can get its microstructure refinement improved and the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer at the solder/Cu interface decreased significantly compared to that of SnAgCu.Originality/valueThe findings provide certain guidelines to the reliability evaluation of solder joints when applying novel RE containing solder alloys in practical electronics industry applications. In the meantime, the reason for the superior reliability of SnAgCuCe solder joints can be explained from the property and microstructural point‐of‐view.
Young women and the co‐construction of leadership
Authors: McNae Rachel 
Published: September 2010

PurposeYoung women's leadership is an area frequently overlooked in educational leadership development. This paper aims to bring young women's voices into educational leadership conversations and illustrate an alternative approach to young women's leadership development.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative action research study was located in an urban girls' high school in New Zealand. The researcher worked in partnership with 12 young women and used a process of co‐construction to design a leadership development programme. The young women then participated in, evaluated and modified the programme before teaching it to another group of students.FindingsCo‐construction was an effective way to develop a relevant and authentic leadership programme that met the needs of the young women, however, the process was extremely complex. The findings indicated that this approach challenged existing views of teaching and learning and was an active process that required significant efforts to balance input and share ownership between the researcher and the young women.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings highlighted the importance of including young women in decision‐making processes related to their leadership learning. Future consideration in this area could relate to creating a sustainable leadership culture in schools by engaging this process across year levels.Originality/valueThis paper outlines an alternative approach to leadership development in high schools that could be used in a number of contexts as these findings related to women's youth leadership development have implications on leadership development for women at all levels.
Female leadership and school effectiveness in junior high schools in Ghana
Authors: Kwadzo Agezo Clement 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine female principal leadership practices that are considered crucial in the effectiveness and improvement of schools and school administration in Ghanaian junior high schools.Design/methodology/approachThe study was qualitative and interpretive. Five principals of junior high schools were interviewed, their schools observed over a period of three months, and schools' records examined.FindingsThe schools had shared visions and missions that were well articulated by the principals and other stakeholders. The principals created a work environment that encouraged creative thinking; designed and implemented new and cutting edge programs; and challenged the status quo.Research limitations/implicationsAs a male researching into female leadership, the researcher's gender might influence some of the findings. The sample size is not large enough for any meaningful generalization to be made beyond similar context and geographical contexts.Practical implicationsThe female principals were transformational leaders, a leadership style demanded in organizations during the twenty‐first century.Originality/valueAt the time that this research was conducted, it was the first study on female principal leadership in junior high schools in Ghana.
The lived experiences of female educational leadership doctoral students
Authors: Cumings Mansfield Katherine , Welton Anjalé , Lee Pei‐Ling , Young Michelle D. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThere is a meager body of research addressing the role educational leadership preparation programs in colleges and universities play in preparing women leaders. Also educational leadership preparation research has yet to explore ways in which mentorship provides additional capital for female graduate students. This study seeks to understand the challenges facing, and the opportunities available to, female graduate students in educational leadership departments.Design/methodology/approachThe study used qualitative methods to explore the constructs of educational leadership preparation and mentorship of female graduate students. Qualitative methods, specifically a questionnaire and a collaborative focus group, were informed by the work of feminist theory and were used to explore participants' experiences and perceptions with the larger purpose of understanding the implications of their experiences for the development of strategies and programs intended to support female graduate students.FindingsThe following themes emerged from the participants' stories: constraints within the organizational culture, personal and familial sacrifice, struggles with identity, questioning self, and experiences with mentoring.Practical implicationsThe findings have important implications for the roles university leadership preparation program structures might play in supporting female graduate students and their career success. The findings also offer recommendations for the development of mentoring programs for female graduate students.Originality/valueCurrently, there is an exceptional lack of research documenting the lived experiences of female doctoral students, particularly research that can be used to inform policy and program development. To that end, the qualitative study described in this paper helps in understanding the challenges facing, and the opportunities available to, female graduate students in educational leadership departments as well as in understanding the implications of such experiences for the development of strategies and programs intended to support female graduate students.
Women‐only (homophilous) networks supporting women leaders in education
Authors: Coleman Marianne 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to consider what all‐women networks have, and might offer, in terms of support and development of women in educational leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on two case studies of such networks in education in England, the first, a regional network for women secondary school principals, and the other national, for women leaders in higher education. Network theories are employed to trace the type, origins, functions and evolution of networks for women in educational leadership. The two case studies, drawing on interviews, observation and documents, are part of a larger research project on the support and development of women leaders at work.FindingsTwo networks emerged at the beginning of the 1990s in the context of second wave feminism and the isolation experienced by women in leadership roles. The interview data show how strong the support function has been and continues to be, but despite this, these networks appear to be in terminal decline. Amongst reasons for the decline is the aging profile of the membership accompanied by lack of interest from younger women who may believe that gender issues are no longer relevant. Finally there is less support for the networks from universities and local authorities than was the case in the past. However, the strength of findings about the level of support has practical and social implications for women leaders.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings relate to only two case studies in one cultural setting.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is in the application of network theory to the field of education.
Conclusion: women around the world reshaping leadership for education
Authors: Grogan Margaret 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis short essay aims to reflect on the global experiences women in education have had in becoming leaders as noted in the articles in this special issue on women's leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe essay draws upon relevant historical and contemporary literature about women in the professions and in the workforce.FindingsThe case is made for women educational leaders from kindergarten through higher education to reshape leadership rather than lead as men have done in the past.Originality/valueThe essay highlights this moment in history is seen as particularly promising for women leaders who are no longer anomalies, but who have not yet redefined leadership.
Modified generalized Laguerre function Tau method for solving laminar viscous flow
Authors: Parand K. , Dehghan Mehdi , Taghavi A. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a Tau method for solving nonlinear Blasius equation which is a partial differential equation on a flat plate.Design/methodology/approachThe operational matrices of derivative and product of modified generalized Laguerre functions are presented. These matrices together with the Tau method are then utilized to reduce the solution of the Blasius equation to the solution of a system of nonlinear equations.FindingsThe paper presents the comparison of this work with some well‐known results and shows that the present solution is highly accurate.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates solving of the nonlinear Blasius equation with an efficient method.
Numerical study of buoyancy‐driven transitional flow in a square cavity with partially heated and cooled vertical walls
Authors: Navamani Rangaswamy , Murugan Nadarajan 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to numerically study transient natural convective flow in a square cavity with partially heated and cooled vertical walls, thermally insulated top wall and linearly heated bottom wall.Design/methodology/approachThe governing equations of motion are non‐dimensionalized and reformulated using stream function‐vorticity approach. Alternating direction implicit finite difference scheme is used to solve the coupled equations.FindingsThe transient results obtained for different values of Grashof number (Gr) and fixed Prandtl number Pr = 0.733 are presented in the form of isotherms, streamlines, bifurcation diagram and time series. The transition from steady to oscillatory motions is analyzed in detail with respect to Gr. The flow is observed to be steady up to Gr ≈ 2 × 104. A time‐periodic unsteady solution first appears at Gr = 20,900 and the amplitude of the fluctuation grows as Gr is increased.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to laminar flow in a square cavity. Further extension of this work could include the influence of various choices of Prandtl number and the effect of aspect ratio. Buoyancy‐driven convection in a sealed cavity with differentially heated walls is a prototype of many industrial applications such as energy‐efficient design of buildings and rooms, convective heat transfer associated with boilers, etc.Originality/valueThe paper presents an original computer program written in FORTRAN to solve the partial differential equations.
Buoyancy‐driven flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in an open‐ended rectangular cavity with permeable horizontal surfaces
Authors: Hossain M.A. , Asghar S. , Subba Reddy Gorla Rama 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the unsteady natural convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid, which is induced by differential heating on the solid vertical boundary of an open‐ended rectangular cavity with the two horizontal surfaces which are permeable and maintained at the temperature of ambient fluid. Attention is focused on how the flow and heat transfer is affected by variations of the buoyancy force, as well as by the permeability of the surfaces.Design/methodology/approachAn upwind finite‐difference method in conjunction with a successive over‐relaxation iteration technique is used to solve the governing boundary layer equations. To do this, the first and second derivatives were approximated by central differences and were used in the vorticity, energy and Poisson equations. To preserve the conservative property, the finite‐difference forms of the vorticity and energy equations were written in conservative form for the convective terms.FindingsLocal rate of heat transfer from the heated surface increases owing to an increase in the value of Ra. In the region near the bottom surface, the heat transfer from the left vertical surface decreases, but that increases in the region near the upper surface. Due to blowing of fluid through the permeable surfaces, the rate of heat transfer is higher than the situation where fluid is being withdrawn. This difference was found to be higher in the case of larger value of Ra.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is valid for unsteady, two‐dimensional natural convection flow of a viscous fluid filled in an open‐ended rectangular enclosure. An extension to three‐dimensional flow case is left for future work.Practical implicationsThe method is very useful to analyze solar receiver systems, fire research, electronic cooling, brake housing of an aircraft and many environmental geothermal processes.Originality/valueThe results of this study may be of some interest to engineers interested in heat transfer in ventilated rooms or enclosures.
Spectral framework for geothermal borehole heat exchangers
Authors: Al‐Khoury Rafid 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to present a framework for deriving analytical and semi‐numerical models for coupled conductive‐convective heat transfer processes in a borehole heat exchanger subjected to general initial and boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe discrete Fourier transform and the spectral element method have been utilized for deriving two spectral models for a single U‐tube borehole heat exchanger in contact with a soil mass.FindingsVerification and numerical examples have shown that the developed models are accurate and computationally very efficient. It is illustrated that one spectral element is capable of producing results which are more accurate than those produced by 200 finite elements.Practical implicationsThe gained computational efficiency and accuracy will boost considerably the possibilities for more insight into geothermal analysis, which will improve the procedure for designing competitive energy extraction systems.Originality/valueThe models are capable of calculating exactly the temperature distribution in all involved borehole heat exchanger components and their thermal interactions.
Voluntary disclosure narratives: more research or time to reflect?
Authors: Slack Richard , Shrives Philip 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis editorial aims to provide an overview of the four papers included in this special issue. It discusses the development of voluntary disclosure research and its potential future directions.Design/methodology/approachThe editorial adopts a review approach, identifying key issues and provides a context for future research.FindingsThe editorial highlights some of the difficulties with research into voluntary disclosure, calls for further reflection and suggests factors to consider in future research in this area.Originality/valueThe editorial provides a review of current issues in disclosure research and reviews these papers which demonstrate a particular approach to research that is relevant to both practitioners and academics.
Exploring the use and users of narrative reporting in the online annual report
Authors: Rowbottom N. , Lymer A. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore who uses narrative reporting information contained within online corporate annual reports and assess the relative use of different types of narrative information.Design/methodology/approachWeb server logs were used to analyse over one million instances where information is successfully delivered to users of the corporate web sites of 15 FTSE 350 companies.FindingsThe most frequent users of the online annual report are, respectively, private individuals, those registered under internet service providers, employees and professional investors/creditors. The results suggest that those with greater experience and expertise in preparing and using financial accounts adopt different information preferences with respect to the online annual report. Although experienced users such as professional investors, creditors and accounting firms use the annual report to download predominantly detailed financial accounting data, the widespread availability and accessibility of the online annual report allows narratives to provide a source of general company information for employees and a wider stakeholder audience.Originality/valueThe paper presents the first large‐scale survey into the use and users of online annual reports.
Large share price movements, the disclosure of news and corporate governance
Authors: Collett Nick , Dedman Elisabeth 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to examine the link between firm‐level large share price movements, firm‐specific company announcements and corporate governance. Stock market regulation in the UK requires firms to disclose new price‐sensitive information immediately via official news providers. The paper investigates whether large share price movements are accompanied by firm disclosure. It also investigates whether corporate governance attributes influence the degree of disclosure by firms.Design/methodology/approachThe disclosure measure is constructed by identifying the largest abnormal daily stock returns for sample firms, and then firm‐specific announcements in the three‐day window centred on the abnormal return day are searched. Corporate governance variables known to influence disclosure practice are then collected and tested to ascertain whether they influence disclosure for positive and negative (good and bad announcements) abnormal returns.FindingsLarge share price movements are accompanied by an official share price movement in 45.2 per cent of cases. This rises to 62.9 per cent when new analyst or newspaper articles are included as potential drivers of the abnormal share price return. The higher the proportion of non‐executive directors and CEO/chair duality lead to a higher incidence of bad news disclosure, suggesting increased scrutiny works. The higher the level of CEO and board ownership the lower the level of disclosure. Finally, institutional ownership concentration appears to negatively influence the level of disclosure.Originality/valueHigher levels of corporate governance are shown to lead to better firm disclosure. At the same time, the authors find that in almost 40 per cent of large abnormal share price returns no information has come to the market to drive the share price. Thus, the paper has important messages for regulators, who need to investigate why prices often move a long way without accompanying news. Shareholders, particularly institutions, should ensure high levels of disclosure by company directors.
An examination of voluntary financial instruments disclosures in excess of mandatory requirements by UK FTSE 100 non‐financial firms
Authors: Bamber Matthew , McMeeking Kevin 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address “the existing literature gap on the information content of derivatives reporting”. Prior work finds failings in compliance with mandatory reporting requirements in respect of financial instruments and derivative financial instruments. Instead of identifying weaknesses in compliance the paper identifies where firms over‐comply or in other words, where firms voluntarily disclosemorethan they are required and whether this is incremental information or serves another purpose.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the financial instruments disclosures of the FTSE 100 non‐financial IFRS 7 compliant firms. Based on these results, on a case‐by‐case basis the authors address potential causes and rationale for this extra disclosure.FindingsPrior research suggests that it is counter intuitive to argue that firms will provide voluntary disclosure in a mandatory reporting environment because information of this sort tends to be proprietary and competition sensitive, not to mention costly to prepare. However, it is found that firms have voluntarily published information in excess of the requirements and the authors suggest that this extra detail is most commonly associated with a legitimation strategy.Originality/valueIn spite of the importance of derivatives usage and management in addition to the increased and often complex reporting requirements, the authors are not aware of any previous study of this type.
Co‐deterministic relationship between ownership concentration and corporate performance
Authors: Al Farooque Omar , van Zijl Tony , Dunstan Keitha , Waresul Karim Akm 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test whether dominant shareholder(s) of a firm enhance performance in Bangladesh and thus examines the arbitrary moves by the regulatory bodies, in the name of promoting “good corporate governance”, to restrict ownership concentration.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on the established literature, a simultaneous equations approach is applied to model the relationship between ownership concentration and performance and is tested on a sample of 567 observations on firms listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange over a seven‐year period. The two equations model consists of firm performance and ownership concentration as endogenous variables along with other governance variable.FindingsThe results suggest a significant positive co‐deterministic relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance indicating that ownership concentration and firm performance simultaneously impact each other. It suggests that the ownership restriction imposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission is unjustified and detrimental to firm performance/growth in emerging countries such as Bangladesh.Practical implicationsThis new evidence from an emerging market enhances our understanding of corporate governance in Asian countries. The study has implications for stakeholders, regulators and policy makers to revisit their attempt to limit founder‐family ownership holdings. Instead, their aim should be to balance the home‐grown unique features, such as a Top‐1 dominant shareholder, with Western governance mechanisms.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to consider Top 1 shareholder's ownership as the measure of ownership concentration, which is an important feature of the corporate sector in emerging markets. In emerging markets, founder‐family ownership concentration acts as an alternative governance mechanism substituting for strong and effective legal backing and other market‐driven monitoring mechanisms.