bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poisoning and inhibition of catalytic oxidations: I. The effect of silicone vapour on the gas‐phase oxidations of methane, propene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen over platinum and palladium catalysts
Authors: Gentry Stephen J. , Jones Alan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe influence of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) on the catalytic oxidations of methane, propene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen has been studied. The oxidations of methane and carbon monoxide were studied over platinum wire and platinum and palladium supported on alumina, silica and 13X zeolite. The rates of oxidation both in the absence and presence of HMDS were found to be influenced by the nature of the catalyst support. For carbon monoxide oxidation, the presence of HMDS revealed that three types of oxidation were occurring. These results, taken with those obtained for the oxidation of hydrogen and propene, show that in general the relative importance of the three types of oxidation depends on the nature of the reaction and the catalyst support.
Estimation of biomass within an immobilised cell biocatalyst by means of a luminol assay for haem
Authors: Mason Jeremy R. , Somerville Hugh J. , Pirt S. John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn accurate, practically convenient and rapid system has been developed for the estimation of biomass within immobilised cell derivatives, based on the chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol in the presence of haematin catalysts. Less than 1μ biomass can be assayed. It has been demonstrated that the presence of transition metal ions does not give rise to aberrant results. An example is given of its use in the study of biocatalysis.
Shear bond strength and ultrastructural interface analysis of different adhesive systems to bleached dentin
Authors: Ferreira Ernando A. , Souza‐Gabriel Aline E. , Silva‐Sousa Yara T. C. , Sousa‐Neto Manoel D. , Silva Ricardo G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground: It remains unclear as to whether or not dental bleaching affects the bond strength of dentin/resin restoration. Purpose: To evaluated the bond strength of adhesive systems to dentin submitted to bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) activated by LED‐laser and to assess the adhesive/dentin interfaces by means of SEM. Study design: Sixty fragments of dentin (25 mm2) were included and divided into two groups: bleached and unbleached. HP was applied for 20 s and photoactivated for 45 s. Groups were subdivided according to the adhesive systems (n = 10): (1) two‐steps conventional system (Adper Single Bond), (2) two‐steps self‐etching system (Clearfil standard error (SE) Bond), and (3) one‐step self‐etching system (Prompt L‐Pop). The specimens received the Z250 resin and, after 24 h, were submitted to the bond strength test. Additional 30 dentin fragments (n = 5) received the same surface treatments and were prepared for SEM. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: There was significant strength reduction in bleached group when compared to unbleached group (P < 0.05). Higher bond strength was observed for Prompt. Single Bond and Clearfil presented the smallest values when used in bleached dentin. SEM analysis of the unbleached specimens revealed long tags and uniform hybrid layer for all adhesives. In bleached dentin, Single Bond provided open tubules and with few tags, Clearfil determined the absence of tags and hybrid layer, and Prompt promoted a regular hybrid layer with some tags. Conclusions: Prompt promoted higher shear bond strength, regardless of the bleaching treatment and allowed the formation of a regular and fine hybrid layer with less deep tags, when compared to Single Bond and Clearfil. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aerobic and anaerobic capacities differ in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus that develop on alternate developmental trajectories
Authors: Chennault T. , Podrabsky J.E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEmbryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus have a remarkable tolerance to anoxia during their development, especially during diapause II (DII), but little is known about potential mechanisms by which this tolerance is achieved. This study examined the aerobic and anaerobic capacities of these embryos as they develop along alternate developmental trajectories and in response to altered incubation temperature. Aerobic and anaerobic capacities were estimated by measuring the total activity of the enzymes citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), respectively. Embryos of A. limnaeus exhibit high anaerobic capacity throughout development as evidenced by high LDH/CS ratios, especially during early development through DII. Anaerobic production of lactate is supported by the heart isoform of LDH, even in stages of development that exhibit extreme tolerance of anoxia. CS capacity is extremely low during DII and may indicate an active suppression of mitochondrial metabolism during this stage of dormancy. Post‐DII and “escape” embryos which bypass DII increase their aerobic and anaerobic capacities in tandem as they develop. The activity of both LDH and CS continue to increase for many days after morphological development ceases during DIII. Based on this observation, it is likely that regulation of metabolic dormancy is different in DII and III. Escape embryos seem to develop along a different metabolic trajectory than do embryos that enter diapause. Importantly, these embryos complete development with different enzymatic capacities that could influence physiological and ecological performance during early larval life. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:587–596, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Importing Freud: First‐wave psychoanalysis, interwar social sciences, and the interdisciplinary foundations of an American social theory
Authors: Gitre Edward J. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor all that has been written about Freud, one of the most significant sites for his initial importation into the U.S. remains largely unexamined: namely, within and through the social sciences. During these early years, social scientists were attracted to psychoanalysis for reasons that were not only personal and idiosyncratic, but also intellectual, social, and professional. Focusing on the University of Chicago's Division of Social Sciences and using oral histories, students records, course materials, as well as published sources, this essay explores this varied attraction and its substantive impact upon American social theory vis‐à‐vis the ideals and ideology of “social adjustment.” © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An alternative approach to amino porphyrins
Authors: Weimin Shi , Qi Shen , Yucheng Wang , Lihong Lan , Jingchao Tao 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified imageModified nitration of tetraphenylporphyrin at para of phenyl with HNO3/Cl3CCOOH and one‐pot nitration of free tetraarylporphyrins to metalized 2‐nitroporphyrin in high yield are described. A novel reducer of Zn/HCOONH4 has been developed for above nitro of porphyrin into amino effectively. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Effect of organic, inorganic, and combined organic and inorganic P fertilization on plant P uptake and soil P pools
Authors: Eichler‐Löbermann Bettina , Köhne Sigrid , Köppen Detloff 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is a limited resource, and its efficient use is a main task in sustainable agriculture. In a 6‐year field experiment on a loamy‐sand soil poor in P, the effects of organic, inorganic, and combined organic‐inorganic fertilization on crop yield, P uptake into grain, and soil properties (organic matter [OM] content, pH, water‐extractable P [Pw], double lactate–extractable P [Pdl], oxalate‐extractable P [Pox], P‐sorption capacity [PSC], and degree of P saturation [DPS]) were investigated for the maritime climate in northeast Germany. Nine treatments were compared: a control treatment without fertilizer application, two organic fertilizers (cattle manure [CM] and biowaste compost [BC]; applied at a rate of 30 t ha–1 in autumn 1998 and 2001), application of triple‐superphosphate (TSP; applied once a year either in autumn or in spring to evaluate the effects of application date), and combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizations. Several winter and spring crops (oilseed rape, barley, wheat) were cultivated according to good agricultural practice. The 6 year–average yield and P uptake were significantly higher for fertilized plots than for nonfertilized plots. Although the combination of organic × inorganic fertilizers resulted in higher soil P contents, significant yield increases were only found when organic fertilization was combined with TSP in spring. Small effects of P supply on yield in some years indicate that plant‐available soil P (despite of low Pdl values) was sufficient for crop growth. Phosphorus supply affected soil Pdl and Pw more than the parameters measured in the oxalate extract (Pox, PSC, DPS). In general, periodically applied cattle manure and biowaste compost had the same effect on yield, P uptake, and soil P status as annually applied soluble mineral P.
Relationships between soil properties and feeding activity of soil fauna in acid forest soils
Authors: Geissen Violette , Gehrmann Joachim , Genssler Lutz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe investigated the relationships between soil chemical properties, humus form, and feeding activity in eight forest sites in Northrhine‐Westphalia, Germany. The study sites varied in forest type (oak, oak‐hornbeam, spruce, and pine). Three study sites were located under the same climatic conditions, and five study sites were distributed all over Northrhine‐Westphalia. We determined humus form, soil chemical properties, and feeding activity in three replication plots per site. We used the bait‐lamina test to determine feeding activity of soil fauna. Independent of forest type, all study sites were very acid with pH(CaCl2) values in the Ah horizon between 2.8 and 4.0. The three study sites located under the same climatic conditions showed very homogenous soil chemical properties (pH in Ah: 2.9–3.0), whereas the five other sites varied significantly due to their soil chemical parameters (pH in Ah: 2.8–4.0). All single sites presented feeding activities with a very low spatial heterogeneity. Forest types and climatic conditions were not related to activity of soil fauna. Feeding activity and thickness of the O layer were strongly negatively correlated, whereas the activity was strongly positively correlated to soil pH in the five study sites with a wide range of soil chemical parameters. The three extremely acid forest sites presented significant differences in feeding activities that were not related to soil chemical properties.
Effect of calcium on cyclamen pedicel elongation
Authors: Tang Shaohong , Shi Weiyong , Wang Hailong , Luo Ancheng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of calcium (Ca) supply on pedicel growth of Cyclamen persicum “Metis” during flower development. When flower buds started to develop, four foliar spray Ca treatments were applied, including Ca0 (no added Ca as control), Ca(NO3)2, CaEDTA, and CaEDTA+H3BO3. Calcium spray treatments significantly reduced the number of short pedicels. There were 62% of the flowers with short pedicels (i.e., flower height lower than the foliar height) in the control treatment (Ca0). Short pedicels accounted for 23%, 12%, and 10% in the Ca(NO3)2‐, CaEDTA‐, and CaEDTA+H3BO3‐treated plants, respectively. CaEDTA was a more effective Ca source than Ca(NO3)2 for improving cyclamen pedicel elongation and increasing flower numbers. Additional boron (B) supply may have enhanced Ca translocation within the plant. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that pedicel‐cell structure was severely damaged in the control plants. Pedicel‐cell damage was greatly alleviated in plants treated with Ca(NO3)2. No symptoms of cell damage were found in the CaEDTA‐ and CaEDTA+H3BO3‐treated plants. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDX) analysis confirmed that CaEDTA+H3BO3 and CaEDTA had increased the Ca : O ratios. Therefore, Ca localization in the pedicel cell had a great influence on the pedicel height of cyclamen, and Ca concentration could be a good indicator for undisturbed cyclamen flower development.
Organic acids in root exudates from Picea abies seedlings influenced by mycorrhiza and aluminum
Authors: Eldhuset Toril Drabløs , Swensen Berit , Wickstrøm Torild , Wollebæk Gro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOrganic acid anions exuded from roots of Picea abies (Norway spruce) seedlings grown on glass beads in the presence and absence of mycorrhiza (Laccaria bicolor) and aluminum (Al) at pH 3.9 were measured. We wanted to test if the roots exuded more organic acid anions when exposed to Al and if mycorrhization influenced the exudation. Oxalate was exuded in far higher amounts than any other organic acid anion, with a maximum rate of 1.7 nmol (mg root DW)–1 d–1. Mycorrhizal roots exuded significantly more oxalate than nonmycorrhizal roots. The presence of Al did not enhance oxalate exudation. We conclude that the oxalate exuded constitutively by Picea abies/Laccaria bicolor may lead to rhizosphere oxalate concentrations that are relevant for Al resistance.
Bodengesellschaften von geomorphen Einheiten unter Berücksichtigung des Gefügestils im Stormarner Jungmoränengebiet (Brandenburger Stadium) in Nordwestdeutschland
Authors: Richter Frank‐Helge , Fleige Heiner , Blume Hans‐Peter , Horn Rainer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAls Ergebnis einer intensiven Boden‐ und Substratinventur wurde von einem Ausschnitt einer älteren Jungmoränenlandschaft Schleswig‐Holsteins (Stormarner Jungmoränengebiet, Brandenburger Stadium) die Bodenvergesellschaftung verschiedener geomorpher Einheiten unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Gefügestile (Hang‐, Platten‐, Senkengefüge) analysiert und die Konsequenzen für die Boden‐ und Bodengesellschaftsklassifikation diskutiert. Mittels morphometrischer Analyse des Reliefs wurden fünf geomorphe Einheiten ausgegrenzt: Grundmoränenplatte mit Söllen (I), Glazilimnisches Becken mit Moränenrand (II), Stauchendmoräne (III), Moränen‐Steilhänge an einem Tunneltalrand (IV) und Stauchendmoränen‐Tal mit Steilhängen (V).Im Untersuchungsgebiet mit intensiver ackerbaulicher Nutzung ist die regelhafte Abfolge von Erosions‐ und Akkumulationsböden aufgrund einseitig gerichteter Kopplungsprozesse (Hanggefüge) typisch. In Abhängigkeit vom Erosionsgrad dominiert die erodierte Parabraunerde bzw. die Rumpf‐Parabraunerde/Kolluvisol‐Bodengesellschaft. Wir empfehlen, die als flächenhaftes Phänomen auftretende Parabraunerde mit anstehendem Bt‐Horizont als Rumpf‐Parabraunerde bereits auf Niveau des Bodensubtyps in der deutschen Bodenklassifikation zu berücksichtigen. Als zusätzliche Endglieder der (Hang‐)Bodengesellschaften treten in Tiefenbereichen Kalkgleye, (sedimentdurchsetzte) Niedermoore und subhydrische Böden auf. Innerhalb der Grundmoränenplatte hat durch (historische) Bodenerosion, belegt durch den hohen Flächenanteil der Kolluvisole von 20 %, ein Reliefausgleich stattgefunden, so dass ein Plattengefüge ohne wesentliche laterale Stofftransporte vorliegt. Die Steilhänge des Tunnel‐ und Stauchendmoränen‐Tals weisen neben Rumpf‐Parabraunerden stellenweise bereits Pararendzinen auf, was auf ein hohes Erosionspotential (Erosionsrate geomorphe Einheit IV: 13 t ha–1 a–1) hinweist. In den von Bächen durchflossenen Tiefenbereichen ist es seit dem Mittelalter zu einer zusätzlichen Vermoorung durch Mühlenstaue gekommen.
Mixing Properties and Central Limit Theorem for a Class of Non‐Identical Piecewise Monotonic C2 — Transformations
Authors: Heinrich Lothar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor a sequence T(1), T(2),…of piecewise monotonic C2 ‐ transformations of the unit interval I onto itself, we prove exponential ψ‐ mixing, an almost Markov property and other higher‐order mixing properties. Furthermore, we obtain optimal rates of convergence in the central limit Theorem and large deviation relations for the sequence fk oT(k−1)o…oT(1), k=1, 2, …, provided that the real‐valued functions f1, f2,…on I are of bounded variation and the corresponding probability measure on I possesses a positive, Lipschitz‐continuous Lebesgue density.
The G‐Ellipticity for the Sub‐Laplacian on Two Step Stratified Lie Groups
Authors: Jiang Yaping 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper reveals that the sub‐Laplacian L0 on two step stratified Lie groups has a similar behavior like elliptic operators on the Euclidean space, that is, the sub ‐ Laplacian satisfies a group‐elliptic estimate, called the G‐ elliptic estimate (or the Lp regularity), and the general left Invariant operator Lλ has such a behavior if and only if λ is admissible.
Simultaneous Approximation by Polynomial Projection Operators
Authors: Xie T. F. , Zhou S. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPointwise estimates are obtained for simultaneous approximation of a function f and its derivatives by means of an arbitrary sequence of bounded projection operators with some extra condition (1.3) (we do not require the operators to be linear) which map C[‐1,1] into polynomials of degree n, augmented by the interpolation of f at some points near ±1. The present result essentially improved those in [BaKi3], and several applications are discussed in Section 4.
Morrey Spaces on Spaces of Homogeneous Type and Estimates for □b and the Cauchy‐Szegö Projection
Authors: Arai Hitoshi , Mizuhara Takahiro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we define an appropriate version of Morrey spaces for spaces of homogeneous type. As our main result, we give a sufficient condition for an operator to be bounded on the version of Morrey spaces (cf. Theorem 3.1 and Corollary 3.5). Moreover, using thin result, we prove Morrey space estimates for various operators arising in harmonic analysis and complex analysis of several variables.
Perturbations of Banach Frames and Atomic Decompositions
Authors: Christensen Oel , Heil Christopher 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBanach frames and atomic decompositions are sequences that have basis‐like properties but which need not be bases. In particular, they allow elements of a Banach space to be written as linear combinations of the frame or atomic decomposition elements in a stable manner. In this paper we prove several functional — analytic properties of these decompositions, and show how these properties apply to Gabor and wavelet systems. We first prove that frames and atomic decompositions are stable under small perturbations. This is inspired by corresponding classical perturbation results for bases, including the Paley — Wiener basis stability criteria and the perturbation theorem el kato. We introduce new and weaker conditions which ensure the desired stability. We then prove quality properties of atomic decompositions and consider some consequences for Hilbert frames. Finally, we demonstrate how our results apply in the practical case of Gabor systems in weighted L2 spaces. Such systems can form atomic decompositions for L2w(IR), but cannot form Hilbert frames but L2w(IR) unless the weight is trivial.
Polynomials Annihilating the Witt Ring
Authors: Ongenae Veerle , Van Geel Jan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLet F be a non‐formally real field of characteristic not 2 and let W(F) be the Witt ring of F. In certain cases generators for the annihilator ideal
equation image
are determined. Aim the primary decomposition of A(F) is given. For formally d fields F, as an analogue the primary decomposition of At(F) = {f(X) ∈ Z[X]| f(ω) = 0 for all ω ∈ Wt(F)}, where Wt(F) is the torsion part of the Witt group, is obtained.
On the Asymptotic Expansion of Hadamard Products
Authors: Sauer Andreas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe consider functions f and g which are holomoxphic on closed sectors in C where they admit an asymptotic representation at ∞ in the form of power series in z‐1. We give a simple geometrical condition under which the Hadamard product f*g of f and g porsesses again an asymp totic expansion at ∞. It turns out that the asymptotic expansion of f*g is essentially the formal Hsdamd product of the asymptotic expansions of f and g. Our result yields a slight generaliestion of a well known theorem of W. B. Ford.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Mechanisms, interactions, and causality
Authors: Gillman P. Ken 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis review focuses on new data from recent publications concerning how compounding interactions between different thermoregulatory pathways influence the development of hyperthermia and/or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), and the fundamental issue of the presumed causal role of antipsychotic drugs. The formal criteria for substantiating cause‐effect relationships in medical science, established by Hill, are applied to NMS and, for comparison, also to malignant hyperthermia and serotonin toxicity. The risk of morbidities related to hyperthermia is reviewed from human and experimental data: temperatures in excess of 39.5°C cause physiological and cellular dysfunction and high mortality. The most temperature‐sensitive elements of neural cells are mitochondrial and plasma membranes, in which irreversible changes occur around 40°C. Temperatures of up to 39°C are “normal” in mammals, so, the term hyperthermia should be reserved for temperatures of 39.5°C or greater. The implicitly accepted presumption that NMS is a hypermetabolic and hyperthermic syndrome is questionable and does not explain the extensive morbidity in the majority of cases, where the temperature is less than 39°C. The thermoregulatory effects of dopamine and acetylcholine are outlined, especially because they are probably the main pathways by which neuroleptic drugs might affect thermoregulation. It is notable that even potent antagonism of these mechanisms rarely causes temperature elevation and that multiple mechanisms, including the acute phase response, stress‐induced hyperthermia, drugs effects, etc., involving compounding interactions, are required to precipitate hyperthermia. The application of the Hill criteria clearly supports causality for drugs inducing both MH and ST but do not support causality for NMS. © 2010 Movement Disorders Society
A New Species of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from Mongolia. Results of the Mongolian‐German Biological Expeditions since 1962, No. 148
Authors: Angus R. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new species of hydrophilid beetles, Helophorus (Atracthelophorus) shatrovskyi sp. n., is described from Bajanchongor Aimak and Ulan‐Bator, Mongolia.
Über die Bruchiden‐Fauna der Mongolei (Coleoptera, Chrysomeloidea)
Authors: Wendt Hella 
Published: July 2010

On the Fauna of Bruchidae of Mongolia (Coleoptera, Chrysomeloidea)143 specimens of Bruchidae, collected in 1964, 1978, 1979 and 1983 by means of yellow dishes and hoop‐nets in the Mongolian People's Republic, have been studied. 7 species representing 3 genera have been recorded for the first time in Mongolia. Out of the 30 species and 4 varieties of the family Bruchidae hitherto recorded from the MPR, 5 species and 3 varieties are endemic, 8 species and 1 variety of eurasiatic and 17 species of centralasiatic distribution. The species collected and the subfamilies Rhaebinae and Kytorhininae are characterised here.