bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed fiber-optic sensing in a subscale high-temperature superconducting dipole magnet
Authors: Luo Linqing , Turqueti Marcos , Ferracin Paolo , Higley Hugh , Marchevsky Maxim , Prestemon Soren , Rudeiros Fernández José Luis , Teyber Reed , Vallone Giorgio , Wang Xiaorong , Wu Yuxin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-temperature superconductors, such as REBa2Cu3O7-x (REBCO, RE = rare earth), are becoming pivotal for high-field magnet technology for future circular colliders and compact fusion reactors. The U.S. Magnet Development Program, in collaboration with industry, is developing REBCO magnet technology using round conductors consisting of multiple REBCO tapes. For these multi-tape cables, traditional instrumentation, such as voltage taps and resistive strain gauges, become insufficient to help measure and understand the performance-limiting factors in these model magnets. Distributed fiber-optic sensing (DFOS) is a potential solution to address this challenge. Although DFOS is well established for various applications, measuring temperature and strain in high-temperature superconducting magnets is in its infancy. Here we report the detailed implementation and test results of DFOS based on Rayleigh scattering in a subscale canted cosθ (CCT) dipole magnet using high-temperature superconducting CORC® wires. We co-wound optical fibers in each layer of the CCT magnet and compared different types of commercial fibers and mold-release agents to reduce the power attenuation in the fibers. The DFOS allowed us to measure mechanical deformation and temperature along the conductor during tests at 77 and 4.2 K. The measured strain agreed quantitively with a finite-element mechanical model of the subscale magnet. Our results indicate that DFOS can effectively identify locations of strain and temperature changes, offering unique insight into magnet performance that can advance our understanding and development of the REBCO magnet technology for high-energy physics and fusion applications.
Activation characteristics of metal-to-insulator transition behaviour in vanadium trioxide insulator for REBCO conductor under turn-to-turn transport current
Authors: Chae Yoon Seok , Jung Hoon , Kim Ho-min , Quach Huu Luong , Lee Sung Hoon , Kim Ji Hyung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Vanadium trioxide (V2O3) is an ideal candidate for electrical insulation materials in rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) magnet applications owing to its metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) behaviour that is facilitated by its adjustable resistance, which shifts from high (at temperatures below 77 K) to low (above the transition temperature of ~160 K). Optimising the turn-to-turn contact resistance (Rct) in both normal and quenched states provides the benefits of both insulated and non-insulated (NI) winding methods. To implement V2O3 as a turn-to-turn insulator in REBCO magnets, ensuring responsive MIT activation between the turns is crucial. This study experimentally investigated the electrical behaviour of V2O3 insulation, which undergoes an electrical phase transition thermally triggered by transport current flow between the turns. Current–voltage (I−V) tests were performed on sandwiched REBCO tape samples with and without V2O3 insulation to analyse the electrical and thermal reactions. The I−V tests included stepped and pulsed current ramping to examine the repetitive behaviours under varying conditions. Furthermore, we verified the effect of mixing metal powder with V2O3 on the I−V characteristics. The results suggest that V2O3 insulation produces nonlinear I−V characteristics due to its negative temperature dependence, while the NI samples display linear I−V properties. The MIT characteristics of V2O3 insulation were reproducible across different current transport patterns and repeatable over thousands of cycles. Moreover, I−V measurements revealed thatincreasing the metal powder concentration reduced the Rct values in the V2O3-insulated layer. Thus, maintaining high Rct values (~107−~104 μΩ·cm2) in the normal operating range of below 77 K in REBCO magnets can effectively mitigate leakage current issues in the no-insulation winding technique. Conversely, transitioning to low Rct values (~103 μΩ·cm2) in the transient operating range above 160 K is expected to minimise stability degradation caused by quenching or extended thermal runaway in the insulation winding technique. These findings provide valuable insights in designing V2O3-insulated REBCO magnets for diverse applications, such as rotating machines, accelerator and superconducting magnetic energy storage.
Reduction of the threshold current of deep-ultraviolet laser diodes with embedded quantum dots in quantum wells
Authors: Xing Zhongqiu , Zhou Yongjie , Zhang Aoxiang , Muhammad Nawaz Sharif , Ajmal khan Muhammad , Hirayama Hideki , Wang Fang , Liou Juin J , Liu Yuhuai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The relationship between electron state density and energy in deep ultraviolet laser diodes (LDs) with quantum well (QW) structures exhibits a step-like shape, which enhances differential gain and light confinement of the LD. However, the active layer in QW structures typically has limited ability to collect equilibrium carriers, leading to an increased threshold current. Quantum dot (QD) structures address this limitation by imposing quantum confinement on charge carriers in three dimensions, thereby reducing optical losses and improving carrier confinement. Despite these advantages, the presence of numerous QDs often introduces synthetic imperfections (e.g. size and shape variations) and surface/interface defects, which cause light to split into multiple wavelengths. This study investigated the embedding of QDs into AlGaN QWs and evaluated the impact of QD size on device performance. This configuration addresses the weak carrier collection in QW structures and leverages QDs to quantum-constrain carrier movement, while avoiding the problem of high threshold current densities due to the large number of QDs that are not uniform in size and indicative of defects. For a QW thickness of 4 nm, an optimal QD thickness of 1 nm was determined, enabling effective utilization of both QDs and QWs. This configuration led to a substantial increase in LD output power and a decrease in threshold current. Specifically, the output power of the LD with a 1 nm thick QD increased by 13.6 times, while the threshold current decreased by 63.6% compared to the QW structure alone. Besides, the findings also revealed that QD thickness significantly affects the photoelectric properties of the LD. Excessively thick QDs can form depressions in the middle of QWs, which lowers the restriction on charge carriers. Conversely, QDs that are too thin cannot effectively take advantage of the three-dimensional carrier constraints of QDs, thereby reducing the light confinement capability.
Complexity analysis of output and recycling rate decisions of cross-border supply chain system under four recycling modes
Authors: Xie Feng-Jie , Wen Luying , Wang Si-Yi , Tan Ling-Ling 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To investigate the impact of recycling modes on the stability of cross-border supply chain (SC) systems, this paper decomposes a cross-border SC system, consisting of two countries with different recycling capabilities for electronic products, such as Singapore and Vietnam, into three product-market chains (PMCs). Discrete dynamical models for output and recycling rate decisions of the system are developed based on four recycling modes. The Nash equilibrium solutions and stability conditions of the models are obtained via nonlinear dynamics principles; the stable regions and chaotic phenomena of the system, and the impact of tariff on the system stability are investigated through numerical simulation. Our findings suggest that to ensure the system stability, PMCs should adjust output and recycling rates, respectively, at low speeds. Retailer recycling mode shows the largest stable region of system decisions. When the adjustment speeds of output and recycling rate increase, the stable regions of the system in the four recycling modes are compacted. In addition, an increase in tariff levels can adversely affect the system stability. Finally, increasing recycling prices and marginal recycling transaction costs can expand the stable regions of the system, mitigate the adverse impact of tariffs, and enhance the profit stability of the closed-loop PMC.
Study on the strengthening mechanism of graphene and crystalline Cu3Fe on amorphous Fe3Cu
Authors: Liang Yong-Chao , Zhou Shao-cong , Yang Chao , Zhou Li-li , Chen Qian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Metallic glasses are very strong and elastic because of their unique atomic structure. However, they often break suddenly and lack ductility. The study aims to investigate the reinforcement mechanism of amorphous Fe3Cu by molecular dynamics simulations. To achieve this, different lengths and orientations of graphene are introduced to explore their effects on amorphous Fe3Cu. Additionally, different thicknesses of crystalline Cu3Fe are incorporated on the basis of graphene embedding to examine their influence on the strength and ductility of amorphous Fe3Cu. It is shown that complete embedding of graphene with a zigzag pattern along the Z-direction considerably enhances the composite's strength. Furthermore, with increasing crystal layer thickness, the composite's yield stress gradually increases due to graphene inhibiting shear transformation zones in the amorphous layer and hindering dislocation movement in the crystal layer. Moreover, the occurrence of numerous dislocation reactions leads to a significant increase in the ductility of the composite when the crystalline Cu3Fe layer is thicker. The results elucidate the plastic deformation behavior of crystalline/graphene/amorphous composites at the nanoscale and offer theoretical guidance for designing amorphous-matrix composites with high strength and excellent ductility.&#xD;
Polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether modified heparin for paclitaxel nano-delivery system
Authors: Nguyen Van Toan , Dang Thi Le Hang , Thanh Vu Minh , Le Thi Phuong , Nguyen Thi Loan , Huong Nguyen Thi , Tran Ngoc Quyen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A paclitaxel (PTX) nano-delivery system using modified heparin and polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether (Brij 58) was developed in this study. Brij 58 was conjugated to the heparin backbone via the cystamine bridge and donated as Hep-Brij 58 to facilitate the self-assembly into stable nanoparticles in aqueous. The self-assembled formation of Hep-Brij nanoparticles was demonstrated through DLS and TEM, whereas the iodine method identified the critical concentration for the self-assembled process. PTX was incorporated into Hep-Brij nanoparticles through the physical entrapment. The PTX-loaded Hep-Brij nanoparticles were then characterized according to particle size and size distribution, drug-loading content, and efficiency. Compared to Brij 58, Hep-Brij 58 was outperformed in term of the amount PTX loaded. Hep-Brij 58/PTX was stable during 2 weeks of storage in distilled water. In vitro release of PTX from Hep-Brij 58 exhibited a control drug release effect following the diffusion kinetic. Furthermore, Hep-Brij 58 was non-toxic to primary healthy cells and cancer cells. The in vitro anticancer with Hela cell indicated remarkable anticancer activity of PTX-loaded Hep-Brij 58 nanoparticles compared to free PTX. Altogether, Hep-Brij 58 nanoparticles holds considerable potential for delivery system for managing PTX therapy
PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating TSHR-A and rapamycin enhance the induction of dendritic cell-specific immune tolerance in mice with Graves' disease
Authors: Chen Kun , Yang Yu , Wu Yang , Cao Wen , Zhao Yijing , Wang Su , Wang Kun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells with multifaceted functions in controlling immune activation and tolerance. Graves' disease, particularly Graves' ophthalmopathy, is recognized as a refractory autoimmune thyroid disease. Therefore, DC-targeted therapies aimed at inducing specific immune tolerance are important for the treatment of Graves' disease. Therefore, we utilized polylactic acid glycolic acid polymer (PLGA) polymer nanoparticles encapsulating Graves' disease auto-antigen thyrotropin receptor A (TSHR-A) peptide and the immune tolerance inducer rapamycin (Rapa) to synthesize drug-loaded nanoparticles (NP(TSHR-A+Rapa)). We first characterized the synthesized nanodrugs using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques and tested the uptake capacity of DCs for nanoparticles after co-culturing the nanoparticles with DCs. And the safe concentration of nanoparticles to DCs was detected using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Subsequently, we tested the targeting and safety of the nanoparticles in mice. And the effects of nanoparticles on the proportion and proliferation of DCs and regulatory T (Treg) cells were examined in vivo and in vitro using flow cytometry (FCM) and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) method, respectively. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays were used to detect the effect of nanoparticles on cytokine release from DCs. Finally, we tested the preventive and therapeutic effects of the synthesized nanoparticles on disease models. Our results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were well taken up by DCs in vitro, while in vivo they were mainly targeted to the spleen of mice. The nanoparticles were able to relatively inhibit the maturation of DCs in vivo and in vitro, while affecting the release of relevant cellular functional factors from DCs, and the nanoparticles also promoted the proportion and proliferation of Treg cells in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the synthesized nanoparticles were able to prevent and improve the mouse disease model well without toxic side effects on mouse organs and other physiological indicators. Therefore, the synthesis of NP (TSHR-A+Rapa) nanoparticles using PLGA encapsulated TSHR-A and rapamycin could be used as targeting DCs to alter immune tolerance and as a new potential approach for the treatment of Graves' disease&#xD;
Flows hot and cold: Long-term evidence of rapid river water temperature fluctuations across the conterminous United States
Authors: White James , Ficklin Darren , Adelsperger Seth , Hannah David M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
River water temperature (Tw) regimes are fundamental to freshwater ecosystem health and socioeconomic activities. Most Tw research has focussed on magnitudes and averages, but rates of thermal change have been drastically understudied. Rapid Tw increases (‘surges’) or decreases (‘plummets’) have been observed across individual catchments and short-term periods, but remain poorly characterized across broader space-time domains. To address this, we collated and cleaned high-resolution Tw data spanning the conterminous United States (US) between 2008-2023. We demonstrated the national-scale prevalence of surges (n = 6507) and plummets (n = 4787) that were recorded at 88 of the 102 monitoring stations. Both event types spanned freezing (snowmelt-fed systems) to extremely hot (>40 °C - geothermal influences) conditions. Most surges and plummets exhibited constrained durations (<1-hour), amplitudes (≈1 °C) and rates of change (≈∆1 °C / 15-minutes), but some reached 24-hours, 18.8 °C, and ∆11.3 °C / 15-minutes, respectively. Successive transitions between rapid Tw warming and cooling occurred predominantly in regulated systems, indicating dam-induced Tw volatility. Surge and plummet characteristics differed between US climate regions. Such events were less widespread and persistent in the Northwest and West, with surges here most often occurring during regional droughts and heatwaves. Plummets recurred most consistently in the Southwest during summer, and were also most common during notable hot and dry periods. Conversely, surges were most prevalent in space and time across the Southeast during summer. Surge and plummet counts were less variable year-to-year in the Northeast US, but significantly decreased across the study period. This research provides a critical step in characterizing rapid Tw changes across broad spatial and temporal scales, thus opening prospects for future research exploring how varying catchment properties and hydroclimatic gradients govern surge and plummet dynamics. Such insights are critical for informing evidence-based management solutions targeting extreme Tw variations and volatility.
The Proximity Eﬀect and Critical Field Behavior of Re/Al Bilayers
Authors: Womack Frank , Ortega Á. M. , Karna S. K. , Graf David Earl , Adams Philip 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report the perpendicular critical ﬁeld Hc2 properties of disordered Re-Al bilayers via magnetotransport measurements. The bilayers consisted of a dRe = 3 nm bottom layer of Re and an upper Al layer with thickness varying between dAl= 0-3 nm. We ﬁnd that in this range of Al thicknesses, the bilayer transition temperature Tc increases with increasing Al thickness, although their monolayer counterparts have TRe
c> TAl
c . Furthermore, Hc2 of the bilayers has a local maximum at an Al coverage of 1.5 nm with a critical ﬁeld that is 50% larger than that of the standalone 3 nm Re ﬁlm. At higher Al thicknesses Hc2 drops rapidly but remains more than an order of magnitude greater that that of comparable thickness standalone Al ﬁlm. Our data show that a thin, disordered Re under-layer can dramatically increase the magnetic ﬁeld tolerance of the Al over-layer. This would allow one to retain the desirable chemical and metallurgical properties of Al without sacriﬁcing high ﬁeld compatibility in quantum circuits, such as topological qubit devices.&#xD;
Preliminary characterization of an iodine-compatible LaB6 hollow cathode
Authors: Li Xin , Meng Tianhang , Zhu Jianhao , Liu Hui , Ning Zhongxi , Yu Daren 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Currently, iodine-compatible cathodes for iodine propulsion systems that can provide ampere-level electron currents with a reasonable power consumption are lacking. In this study, a conventional LaB6 hollow cathode made with iodine-resistant materials was designed and tested in an iodine-compatible vacuum facility. The ignition characteristics, the V-I curve, and long steady-state discharge sequence of the iodine hollow cathode were analyzed and compared with those using a krypton propellant. After the experiment, the composition of the cathode emitter was studied by scanning electron microscope & energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that ignition takes > 10 s to reach a steady state, and the discharge voltage of the iodine was 25–95 V higher than that of krypton. According to the EDS results, this was mainly caused by emitter contamination with iron from the stainless-steel components of the cathode and oxygen from the iodine feed system. The iodine hollow cathode achieved a cumulative 12.5 h stable discharge, with the longest single discharge of 5 h and a 3% change in the inner diameter of the emitter.
Technology for direct assembly of SMD components in stretchable textile electronics realized by printing
Authors: Janda Martin , Pretl Silvan , Reboun Jan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, a novelty direct assembly method for stretchable e-textile electronics based on printed technologies is presented. Presented technology utilizes the assembly of components directly into the wet base layout paste, without any interfacing contact material (such as conductive adhesive). Such assembly reduces the number of technological steps and exhibits more reliable behavior, as the number of interfaces is reduced and the conductive material is highly stretchable. Components are encapsulated using flexible encapsulation and the whole electrical system is realized on a foil, which is then thermo-transferred to the textile substrate. Samples are subjected to the bend test and cyclic stretch tests. Direct assembly is proven to be robust enough, as its increase of resistance during cyclic stretch testing is much lower (17 % after 500 cycles) than assembly with ICA (Isotopically Conductive Adhesive). Direct assembly also exhibits rapid regeneration of resistance after the end of mechanical load. In addition, a low and sufficient contact resistance of around 100 mΩ is achieved.
Application of batch learning for boosting high-throughput ab initio success rates and reducing computational effort required using data-driven processes
Authors: Hilgers Robin , Wortmann Daniel , Blügel Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increased availability of computing time, in recent years, allows for systematic high-throughput studies of material classes with the purpose of both screening for materials with remarkable properties and understanding how structural configuration and material composition affect macroscopic attributes manifestation. However, when conducting systematic high-throughput studies, the individual ab initio calculations’ success depends on the quality of the chosen input quantities. On a large scale, improving input parameters by trial and error is neither eﬀicient nor systematic. We present a systematic, high- throughput compatible, and machine learning-based approach to improve the input parameters optimized during a DFT computation or workflow. This approach of integrating machine learning into a typical high-throughput workflow demonstrates the advantages and necessary considerations for a systematic study of magnetic multilayers of 3d transition metal layers on FCC noble metal substrates. For 6660 film systems, we were able to improve the overall success rate of our high-throughput FLAPW-based structural relaxations from 64.8% to 94.3 % while at the same time requiring 17 % less computational time for each successful relaxation.&#xD;
Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Aluminum-Copper Bimetallic Tubes Connected by the Rotary Swaging Method
Authors: Akbari H. R. , Sedighi M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rods, tubes, and similar components undergo the rotary swaging process to reduce cross-sectional area and enhance mechanical properties. This process offers significant advantages, including increased tensile strength, material strength improvement, reduced surface roughness, and reduced scraps. However, its use in producing double-wall tubes has been less common. This work investigated the rotary swaging process for producing aluminum-copper bimetallic double-wall tubes with an aluminum coating. The research specifically examines the impact of the presence or absence of a mandrel during the rotary swaging process on the mechanical properties of these double-wall tubes. The results indicate that using a mandrel not only enhances adhesion and sample strength but also leads to increased hardness in both axial and radial directions. Additionally, microscopic analyses, including optical microscopes (OM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and mechanical tests such as compression, peeling, and hardness measurements confirm that mandrel-assisted samples exhibit more desirable mechanical properties. Without the use of a mandrel, the layers are not effectively bonded together, resulting in gaps in certain areas, the average of which is about 11.95 µm. Additionally, the yield stress for double-layer tubes without a mandrel is equal to 153 MPa, whereas the yield stress for double-layer tubes with a mandrel is equal to 170 MPa, indicating that the samples produced with a mandrel are stronger than those without.&#xD;