bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrofurantoin-Induced Acute Liver Damage in Pregnancy
Authors: Akšamija Alenka , Horvat Gordana , Habek Dubravko , Žalac Damir , Jendriš Eva 
Published: September 2009

Nitrofurantoin-Induced Acute Liver Damage in PregnancyThis article presents a rare case of acute toxic hepatitis in thirty-one-year old primigravida. In the 36thweek of gestation, the patient was introduced nitrofurantoin 100 mg a day due to symptoms of dysuria and enterococcus isolated from urine culture. After induced delivery at term because of hypertension, repeated laboratory findings showed increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) andalanine aminotransferase(ALT) and negative hepatitis C and B markers. The patient was subicteric at the time. Coagulation and complete blood count values were within the normal range. Nitrofurantoin therapy was discontinued. Abdominal ultrasound was normal with the exception of a slight hepatomegaly without any lesions, focal or diffuse. Given that discontinuation of nitrofurantoin and introduction of methylprednisolon therapy significantly lowered liver enzyme levels, restoring most of them to normal, we concluded that this was probably the case of toxic liver damage caused by nitrofurantoin.
Environmental Noise and Annoyance in Adult Population of Skopje: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ristovska Gordana , Gjorgjev Dragan , Polozhani Aziz , Kočubovski Mihail , Kendrovski Vladimir 
Published: September 2009

Environmental Noise and Annoyance in Adult Population of Skopje: A Cross-Sectional StudyThe aim of this study was to identify noise exposure indicators during day and night in the city of Skopje and to see if there is an association between these noise exposure indicators and annoyance. We have performed noise measurements and interviewed 510 adult subjects, using a questionnaire, prepared according to the ISO/TS-15666 standard. Average noise level over the day (Lday) was (62±6.45) dB(A) and over night (Lnight) (56±6.52) dB(A). Thirteen percent of subjects reported a high level, and 33.5% moderate level of annoyance. The most annoying noise sources were construction activities (34% of the subjects), road traffic (24%), and leisure/entertainment activities (18%). We found a significant association between exposure to Lday in the range 61 dB(A) to 65 dB(A) and annoyance in the exposed population (chi-square = 86.14; p<0.001; Spearman's R=0.45; p<0.05). During the night time annoyance was reported with exposure to Lnight above 46 dB(A). Levels of annoyance in Macedonia are similar to levels in developed European countries. Differences are in the source of noise. This study has shown that environmental noise is a significant hazard in urban environments, and assessment of annoyance may prove a useful tool for town planners and public health policy makers.
Effects of Traffic Noise on Sleep in an Urban Population
Authors: Stošić Ljiljana , Belojević Goran , Milutinović Suzana 
Published: September 2009

Effects of Traffic Noise on Sleep in an Urban PopulationUrban noise is an important environmental stressor, and sleep disturbance is its major health effect. Substantial inter-individual variance in these effects might partly be explained by different sensitivity to noise. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of urban noise on sleep and the relation between self-estimated sensitivity to noise and sleep disturbance. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed on 911 adult residents of Niš, Serbia, of whom 388 were men (42.6 %) and 523 women (57.4 %). The streets were regarded as noisy if night equivalent noise level (Leq) was higher than 45 dB(A) and quiet if night Leq was ≤45 dB(A). Noise sensitivity was measured with the Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale. The study showed that respondents from noisy area significantly more often reported difficulty in falling asleep, being woken up, poor sleep quality, tiredness after sleep, and use of sleep medication than residents from quiet streets (p<0.001). Noise sensitivity significantly correlated with sleep disturbances (p<0.001).
Isospora mionectesi sp. nov. (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) from the grey-hooded flycatcher, Mionectes rufiventris in Brazil
Authors: Berto Bruno , Flausino Walter , Luz Hermes , Ferreira Ildemar , Lopes Carlos 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new isosporoid coccidian (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) species from the grey-hooded flycatcher, Mionectes rufiventris, from Brazil, is reported in the current study. Isospora mionectesi sp. nov. oocysts are ellipsoidal, 28.3 × 21.2 µm, with smooth, bilayered wall, ∼1.3 µm. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but one or two polar granules are present. Sporocysts are elongate ellipsoidal, 19.7 × 11.7 µm. Stieda body rounded and substieda body prominent. Sporocyst residuum is subspherical and compact. Sporozoites are vermiform with one refractile body and a nucleus.
Barth's Apocalyptic Exegesis and the Question of Israel in Römerbrief, Chapters 9–11
Authors: Harink Douglas 
Published: September 2009

Abstract: Karl Barth's Der Römerbrief (1921) is considered by all to be a major milestone of modern theology, but is rarely considered by New Testament scholars as a reliable guide to Paul's theology and the message of Romans. In this essay I argue that Barth's “dialectical” reading of the epistle is in fact a very successful attempt to convey the truth and power of Paul's apocalyptic theology. While a critical comparison of Barth's dialectic and Paul's apocalyptic reveals some weaknesses in Barth's construal, his commentary stands as a penetrating and powerful rendition of Paul, and not simply as an example of Barth's early theology. This thesis is tested with particular reference to Romans 9–11, and the question of Israel and supersessionism. I show that Barth's reading of these chapters cannot be regarded as supersessionist, precisely because he rigorously subverts any historicist or heilsgeschichtlich readings of the relation between Israel and the Church. In this respect Barth's dialectical reading follows Paul's apocalyptic understanding of history, even though it must be corrected at points with a better reading of Paul.
Bonhoeffer as Preacher: Philosophy and Theology in the Service of the Sermon
Authors: Frick Peter 
Published: September 2009

Abstract: Given the recent centenary of Bonhoeffer's birth, this essay seeks to re-examine the important but deceptively simple question, “Who was Dietrich Bonhoeffer?” Was he a theologian, a philosopher, an exegete, a preacher? Was he primarily one of these, or did his life bear witness to the fact that he was simultaneously some or even all of these? I will argue that Bonhoeffer understood himself as embodying all of these roles. For him, these four roles are mutually correlated in a manner that is progressive from theologian to preacher. Ultimately, being a pastor/preacher was the most valued role for Bonhoeffer. Being a theologian, philosopher, and exegete is significant in that these roles become the backbone for the preacher. It is possible to hold the three first roles without being a preacher, but it is impossible to be a preacher without also being a theologian, philosopher, and exegete. In other words, the main objective of this study is to clarify the professional roles Bonhoeffer assumed over his lifetime, and to examine how these roles functioned in their uniqueness and how they are correlated in view of the sermon.
Thoracic and lumbar laminoplasty using a translaminar screw: morphometric study and technique
Authors: Park Sung Bae , Jahng Tae-Ahn , Kim Chi Heon , Chung Chun Kee 
Published: September 2009

Object
The aim of this study was to describe a novel technique for laminoplasty in which translaminar screws are used in the thoracic and lumbar spine.

Methods
The authors first performed a morphometric study in 20 control individuals using 3D reconstructed CT scans and spine simulation software to measure the lengths and diameters of the spaces available for translaminar screw placement from the T-1 to S-1.
Based on the results of the morphometric study, the authors then attempted translaminar screw fixation in 5 patients (April 2007–July 2007) after en bloc laminectomy in the thoracic and lumbar regions. All patients had intradural lesions: 3 schwannomas, 1 cavernoma, and 1 arachnoid cyst.

Results
The morphometric study in control individuals revealed that the safe trajectories for simulated screws measured 25–30 mm in length and 8–11 mm in diameter in the thoracic region (T1–12) and 26–34 mm in length and 6–7 mm in diameter in the lumbosacral region (L1–S1). This morphometric and simulation study showed that translaminar screw placement would be possible in practice.
Five patients underwent en bloc laminoplasty and translaminar screw fixation in which the screws measured 2.7 mm in diameter and 24 or 26 mm in length. Sixteen attempts at translaminar fixation were made in 8 vertebrae. Fourteen translaminar screws were successfully placed at the thoracic and lumbar levels. Two microplates had to be used because the laminae were too thin and narrow after further laminectomy with undercutting. There were no complications associated with the translaminar screws.
The mean follow-up period was 14.5 months. There was no screw breakage or displacement. Solid osseous fusion was documented in 2 patients who underwent CT scanning 15 months postoperatively.

Conclusions
The authors found that the laminoplasty and translaminar screw technique is feasible in the thoracic and lumbar regions, but further studies are needed to analyze the biomechanical effects and long-term outcomes in a large number of patients.
Prevalence and clinical features of intraspinal facet cysts after decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Ikuta Ko , Tono Osamu , Oga Masayoshi 
Published: September 2009

Object
Although many cases of primary intraspinal facet cysts in the lumbar spine have been reported, there have only been a few reports of postoperative intraspinal facet cysts in the lumbar spine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of postoperative intraspinal facet cysts in the lumbar spine.

Methods
Data from 81 patients undergoing microendoscopic posterior decompression to treat lumbar spinal stenosis were reviewed. The development of a postoperative intraspinal facet cyst was observed using MR imaging during 1 year after surgery. If the patient demonstrated a postoperative intraspinal facet cyst, additional MR imaging was performed to evaluate the natural course of the cyst. Furthermore, the authors conducted a comparative evaluation to identify the factors associated with the causes of cyst development.

Results
A postoperative intraspinal facet cyst developed in 7 patients (8.6%) during 1 year after surgery. Spondylotic spinal stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, and degenerative scoliosis were revealed before surgery in 2, 4, and 1 patient, respectively. In 5 patients, the cysts developed within 3 months after surgery. Although 3 patients exhibited symptoms caused by cyst development, all symptoms were relieved by conservative treatment. On radiographic evaluations, postoperative segmental spinal instability, including a progression of spondylolisthesis and disc degeneration, was revealed in 6 (86%) of the 7 patients. Spontaneous regression of the cysts was observed in 5 (71%) of these 7 patients. On comparative evaluation of patients with and without postoperative intraspinal facet cysts, the presence of segmental spinal instability before surgery (including degenerative spondylolisthesis) and the appearance of postoperative segmental spinal instability were related to the development of the cysts.

Conclusions
The prevalence of postoperative intraspinal facet cysts, including asymptomatic cysts, was 8.6% during 1 year after decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. The development of postoperative intraspinal facet cysts was related to the presence of segmental spinal instability before surgery (including degenerative spondylolisthesis) and postoperative segmental spinal instability, including a progression of spondylolisthesis and disc degeneration after surgery. A postoperative intraspinal facet cyst, which can be expected to regress spontaneously with a probability > 50%, should be recognized as one of the postoperative complications of decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis.
Detailed Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of the Ocular Motor Nerves in Duane's Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Yonghong Jiao , Kanxing Zhao , Zhenchang Wang , Xiao Wu , Xuehan Qian , Fengyuan Man , Wei Lu , Fanghua Zhang , Schramm Nathan H. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
To study the neuroanatomic characteristics of patients with Duane's retraction syndrome with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods:
The study included 11 consecutive cases, including five patients with type I, one patient with type II, four patients with type III, and one patient with inverse Duane's retraction syndrome. The patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, brain stem, cavernous sinus, and orbits.

Results:
In 10 patients, the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) was absent or showed hypoplasia in the brain stem, cavernous sinus, and orbit. However, these findings were not seen in the patient who had inverse Duane's retraction syndrome. In two children, magnetic resonance imaging showed that the cavernous sinuses were smaller on the affected side. The inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) was traced to enter the lateral rectus muscle or had intimate continuity with the lateral rectus muscle in nine patients with type I and type III Duane's retraction syndrome. In one patient with type III Duane's retraction syndrome, the oculomotor foramen was significantly larger on the affected side than on the sound side. In the patient with type II Duane's retraction syndrome, the superior division of cranial nerve III was enlarged and had three branches. In the patient with inverse Duane's retraction syndrome, the inferior division of cranial nerve III sent two branches to the medial rectus muscle, and the patient had superior oblique muscle hypoplasia.

Conclusion:
Neuroimaging findings showed that the absence of cranial nerve VI, hypoplasia in the brain stem, and an extra branch of the inferior division of cranial nerve III to the lateral rectus muscle is the most common presentation of Duane's retraction syndrome, but not the only one. The aberrant branches likely correspond to the abnormal eye movement seen in patients with this disorder.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2009;46:278–285.]
Clinical Pathologic Study of a Cohort of Patients With Retinoblastoma From a Developing Country
Authors: Orellana Maria E. , Fernandes Bruno F. , Arean Carolina , Pifano Imelda , Al-Kandari Abdullah , Burnier Miguel N. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
To describe the histopathologic characteristics of all retinoblastoma biopsy specimens received at one institution.

Methods:
All retinoblastoma biopsy specimens received between January 2000 and December 2005 were evaluated and a total of 109 eyes from 101 patients were studied.

Results:
There were 9 (8.3%) well differentiated, 25 (23.0%) moderately differentiated, and 66 (60.5%) poorly differentiated retinoblastomas. The most common growth pattern was mixed, comprising 81 (74.4%) cases. Vitreous seeding, invasion of the anterior chamber, and invasion of the optic nerve beyond the lamina cribrosa, was present in 79 (72.5%), 24 (22.0%), and 44 (40.4%) eyes, respectively. The tumor was confined to the retina in only 26 (23.9%) cases, whereas 16 (14.8%) had minimal choroidal invasion, 45 (41.3%) had massive choroidal involvement, 10 (9.2%) had scleral invasion, and 11 (10.1%) had extraocular extension.

Conclusion:
In this study, the percentage of patients with choroidal and optic nerve invasion, reflecting a poor prognosis, was much higher than in previously reported North American series. However, similar findings have been described in other developing countries, where late diagnosis is common. This study emphasized the need for early diagnosis and treatment.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2009;46:294–299.]
Clinical Findings and Surgical Results of Duane Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Altintas Ayse Gul Kocak , Arifoglu Hasan Basri , Arikan Mucella , Simsek Saban 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
To evaluate clinical properties and surgical outcomes of Duane retraction syndrome (DRS).

Methods:
Twenty-one patients with DRS were evaluated. Surgery was indicated for correction of strabismus, abnormal head position, upshoot–downshoot, and globe retraction. Six patients had undergone surgery. In 5 cases, the lateral rectus muscle was recessed from 4.0 to 7.0 mm combined with “Y-splitting” according to deviation in primary position and degree of globe retraction. In case of a significantly positive forced duction test on the medial rectus muscle intraoperatively, simultaneous recession of the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle was performed in addition to lateral rectus surgery.

Results:
Type I DRS was diagnosed in 83.33% of cases. All 6 cases that underwent surgery had type I DRS. After surgery, all patients showed elimination of upshoot–downshoot. Two cases had minimally improved abduction from the midline. Case 1 underwent a second operation and it was observed that the middle split part disappeared and muscular fibers proliferated to the original insertion. To protect against refusion of the middle split part of the muscle due to proliferation, nonabsorbable separation sutures were placed around the split parts of the upper and lower halves without scleral fixation. Separation sutures were placed on both parts of the muscle to protect refusion in the other cases.

Conclusion:
Y-splitting combined with recession of one or both horizontal recti is an effective procedure in patients with DRS and associated horizontal deviation. Prophylactic separation sutures as part of Y-splitting may protect against recurrence.
Ocular Findings in Pediatric Patients with Partial Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Authors: Goyal Raina , Watts Patrick , Hourihan Margaret 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:
To evaluate the ocular associations with corpus callosum agenesis.

Methods:
All children who had corpus callosum agenesis diagnosed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans during a 10-year period were included in the study. A complete ophthalmological assessment was undertaken. Data were collected for age, sex, neurological findings, visual acuity, refractive errors, ocular motility defects, and ocular abnormalities. There were no children with Aicardi syndrome in the study.

Results:
Nineteen children with corpus callosum agenesis were identified, of whom 13 were examined. All had partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Visual acuity was better than 20/60 in 5 children (38%), between 20/60 and 20/200 in 3 children (23%), and less than 20/200 in 5 children (38%). Refractive errors were present in 8 children (62%), strabismus in 6 children (46%), nystagmus in 2 children (15%), hypoplastic discs in 3 children (23%), and microphthalmos in 1 child (8%).

Conclusion:
Non-syndromic corpus callosum agenesis may be associated with several ocular defects. Poor visual acuity, refractive errors, and strabismus predominate and need to be appropriately addressed to optimize visual function in these children. Global developmental delay (62%) and epilepsy (46%) were the most common neurological associations in this series.
Bonding of a Silorane‐Based Composite System to Bone
Authors: Wu Xiaohong , Watts David C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis work was to analyze by Weibull statistics the shear bond strength of a low‐shrink Silorane‐based composite system to bone. The etching abilities of the adhesives were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Results suggest that an effective and reliable bond to bone could be achieved by the Silorane‐based composite system, showing the potential of this system to be used as a bone cement.
The Uncertainty in SCHF‐DT Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Lotus‐Type Porous Copper
Authors: Chiba Hiroshi , Ogushi Tetsuro , Nakajima Hideo , Ueno Shunkichi , Torii Kahoru , Tomimura Toshio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLotus‐type porous metals with many straight pores are attractive for use as heat‐sinks because a large heat‐transfer capacity can be obtained, due to the small diameter of the pores. In order to use lotus‐type porous copper effectively as a heat sink, it is important to know the effective thermal conductivity considering the effect of pores on heat conduction in the material. Since these metals have anisotropic pores, a steady‐state comparative longitudinal heat‐flow method for measuring thermal conductivity, referring to an ASTM standard, is better than other methods. So far, the effective thermal conductivity of lotus‐type porous copper has been measured by using specimens of different thickness (the SCHF‐DT method). In this paper, the uncertainty in the effective thermal conductivity of a specimen measured using this method was evaluated by comparison between numerical analysis and current experimental data. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) The uncertainty showed good agreement with the uncertainty analysis; 2) The contribution of the thermal grease thickness was large, based on a combined standard uncertainty analysis; and, 3) The effective thermal conductivity perpendicular to the pores of lotus copper can be measured within 10% uncertainty by this method.
Powder Metallurgical Near‐Net‐Shape Fabrication of Porous NiTi Shape Memory Alloys for Use as Long‐Term Implants by the Combination of the Metal Injection Molding Process with the Space‐Holder Technique
Authors: Köhl Manuel , Habijan Tim , Bram Martin , Buchkremer Hans Peter , Stöver Detlev , Köller Manfred 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new method was developed for producing highly porous NiTi for use as an implant material. The combination of the space‐holder technique with the metal injection molding process allows a net‐shape fabrication of geometrically complex samples and the possibility of mass production for porous NiTi. Further, the porosity can be easily adjusted with respect to pore size, pore shape, and total porosity. The influence of the surface properties of powder metallurgical NiTi on the biocompatibility was first examined using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). It was found that pre‐alloyed NiTi powders with an average particle size smaller than 45 μm led to the surface properties most suitable for the adhesion and proliferation of hMSCs. For the production of highly porous NiTi, different space‐holder materials were investigated regarding low C‐ and O‐impurity contents and the reproducibility of the process. NaCl was the most promising space‐holder material compared to PMMA and saccharose and was used in subsequent studies. In these studies, the influence of the total porosity on the mechanical properties of NiTi is investigated in detail. As a result, bone‐like mechanical properties were achieved by the choice of Ni‐rich NiTi powder and a space‐holder content of 50 vol% with a particle size fraction of 355–500 μm. Pseudoelasticity of up to 6% was achieved in compression tests at 37 °C as well as a bone‐like loading stiffness of 6.5 GPa, a sufficient plateau stress σ25 of 261 MPa and a value for σ50 of 415 MPa. The first biological tests of the porous NiTi samples produced by this method showed promising results regarding proliferation and ingrowth of mesenchymal stem cells, also in the pores of the implant material.