bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical observations of the moderator band
Authors: Loukas Marios , Klaassen Zachary , Tubbs R. Shane , Derderian Trevor , Paling Dan , Chow Drin , Patel Shilpa , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractApical ventricular septal defects are rare pathologies of the ventricular septum. The moderator band, or other large trabeculations, is the major obstacle for the repair of such defects. The aim of our study was to identify and describe variations in the size and anatomy of the moderator band. We studied the right ventricular apical trabeculations in 100 adult human cadavers. Overall, we identified the moderator band in 92% of hearts. In just over two‐fifths (42%), the band was a short and thick trabeculation, whereas, in one‐eighth (12%), it was long and thick. In just under one‐quarter of the hearts (24%), the band was short and thin, whereas it was long and thin in 14% of the hearts. In the remaining eight hearts, we were unable to identify the moderator band. The mean thickness of the band was 4.5 ±1.8 mm, and its mean length was 16.23 ± 2.3 mm, ranging from 11.3 to 24.3 mm. According to these measurements, we were able to classify the band as originating less than 45% of the distance from the tricuspid valve to the apex (closer to tricuspid valve), seen in 12 hearts, between 45 and 55% of the distance from the valve to the apex, seen in 45 hearts, and greater than 55% of this distance (closer to the apex), seen in 39 specimens. We present these data that may prove useful in the setting of the surgical repair of apical ventricular septal defects through the right atrium. Clin. Anat. 23:443–450, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pluripotent plasticity of stem cells and liver repopulation
Authors: Gennero Luisa , Roos Maria Augusta , Sperber Kirk , Denysenko Tetyana , Bernabei Paola , Calisti Gian Franco , Papotti Mauro , Cappia Susanna , Pagni Roberto , Aimo Giuseppe , Mengozzi Giulio , Cavallo Giovanni , Reguzzi Stefano , Pescarmona Gian Piero , Ponzetto Antonio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDifferent types of stem cells have a role in liver regeneration or fibrous repair during and after several liver diseases. Otherwise, the origin of hepatic and/or extra‐hepatic stem cells in reactive liver repopulation is under controversy. The ability of the human body to self‐repair and replace the cells and tissues of some organs is often evident. It has been estimated that complete renewal of liver tissue takes place in about a year. Replacement of lost liver tissues is accomplished by proliferation of mature hepatocytes, hepatic oval stem cells differentiation, and sinusoidal cells as support. Hepatic oval cells display a distinct phenotype and have been shown to be a bipotential progenitor of two types of epithelial cells found in the liver, hepatocytes, and bile ductular cells. In gastroenterology and hepatology, the first attempts to translate stem cell basic research into novel therapeutic strategies have been made for the treatment of several disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes mellitus, celiachy, and acute or chronic hepatopaties. In the future, pluripotent plasticity of stem cells will open a variety of clinical application strategies for the treatment of tissue injuries, degenerated organs. The promise of liver stem cells lie in their potential to provide a continuous and readily available source of liver cells that can be used for gene therapy, cell transplant, bio‐artificial liver‐assisted devices, drug toxicology testing, and use as an in vitro model to understand the developmental biology of the liver. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression of Water as a Nucleophile in Candida antarctica Lipase B Catalysis
Authors: Wittrup Larsen Marianne , Zielinska Dorota F. , Martinelle Mats , Hidalgo Aurelio , Jensen Lars Juhl , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Hult Karl 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA water tunnel in Candida antarctica lipase B that provides the active site with substrate water is hypothesized. A small, focused library created in order to prevent water from entering the active site through the tunnel was screened for increased transacylation over hydrolysis activity. A single mutant, S47L, in which the inner part of the tunnel was blocked, catalysed the transacylation of vinyl butyrate to 20 mM butanol 14 times faster than hydrolysis. The single mutant Q46A, which has a more open outer end of the tunnel, showed an increased hydrolysis rate and a decreased hydrolysis to transacylation ratio compared to the wild‐type lipase. Mutants with a blocked tunnel could be very useful in applications in which hydrolysis is unwanted, such as the acylation of highly hydrophilic compounds in the presence of water.
A Concise Total Synthesis of (+)‐Tetrabenazine and (+)‐α‐Dihydrotetrabenazine
Authors: Paek Seung‐Mann , Kim Nam‐Jung , Shin Dongyun , Jung Jae‐Kyung , Jung Jong‐Wha , Chang Dong‐Jo , Moon Hyunyoung , Suh Young‐Ger 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHighly concise asymmetric total syntheses of (+)‐tetrabenazine (1), a drug for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease, and of (+)‐α‐dihydrotetrabenazine (2), an active metabolite of1, have been accomplished. Our synthetic route features atrans‐selective enol etherification, followed by an unprecedented cation‐dependent aza‐Claisen rearrangement to establish the carbon framework and two stereogenic centers of tetrabenazine. The syntheses consist of seven steps (34 % overall yield) for (+)‐2and eight steps (22 % overall yield) for (+)‐1.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies of Bingel–Hirsch Derivatives of M3N@Ih‐C80 (M=Sc, Lu)
Authors: Pinzón Julio R. , Zuo Tianming , Echegoyen Luis 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBingel–Hirsch derivatives of the trimetallic nitride template endohedral metallofullerenes (TNT‐EMFs) Sc3N@Ih‐C80 and Lu3N@Ih‐C80 were prepared by reacting these compounds with 2‐bromodiethyl malonate, 2‐bromo‐1,3‐dipyrrolidin‐1‐ylpropane‐1,3‐dionate bromide, and 9‐bromo fluorene. The mono‐adducts were isolated and their 1H NMR spectra showed that the addition occurred with high regioselectivity at the [6,6] bonds of the Ih‐C80 fullerene cage. Electrochemical analysis showed that the reductive electrochemistry behavior of these derivatives is irreversible at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1, which is comparable to the behavior of the pristine fullerene species. The first reduction potential of each derivative is either cathodically or anodically shifted by a different value, depending on the attached addend. Bis‐adducts containing EtOOC‐C‐COOEt and HC‐COOEt addends were isolated by HPLC and in the case of Sc3N@Ih‐C80 the first reduction potential exhibits a larger shift towards negative potentials when compared to the mono‐adduct. This observation is important for designing acceptor materials for the construction of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells, since the polyfunctionalization not only increases the solubility of the fullerene species but also offers a promising approach for bringing the LUMO energy levels closer for the donor and the acceptor materials.
Self‐Assembly of Imidazolium‐Based Rodlike Ionic Liquid Crystals: Transition from Lamellar to Micellar Organization
Authors: Cheng Xiaohong , Bai Xueqing , Jing Shan , Ebert Helgard , Prehm Marko , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBy using aryl‐amination chemistry, a series of rodlike 1‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole‐based liquid crystals (LCs) and related imidazolium‐based ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) has been prepared. The number and length of the C‐terminal chains (at the noncharged end of the rodlike core) and the length of the N‐terminal chain (on the imidazolium unit in the ILCs) were modified and the influence of these structural parameters on the mode of self‐assembly in LC phases was investigated by polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. For the single‐chain imidazole derivatives nematic phases (N) and bilayer SmA2phases were found, but upon increasing the number of alkyl chains the LC phases were lost. For the related imidazolium salts LC phases were preserved upon increasing the number and length of the C‐terminal chains and in this series it leads to the phase sequence SmA–columnar (Col)–micellar cubic (CubI/Pm3n). Elongation of the N‐terminal chain gives the reversed sequence. Short N‐terminal chains prefer an end‐to‐end packing of the mesogens in which these chains are separated from the C‐terminal chains. Elongation of the N‐terminal chain leads to a mixing of N‐ and C‐terminal chains, which is accompanied by complete intercalation of the aromatic cores. In the smectic phases this gives rise to a transition from bilayer (SmA2) to monolayer smectic (SmA) phases. For the columnar and cubic phases the segregated end‐to‐end packing leads to core–shell aggregates. In this case, elongation of the N‐terminal chains distorts core–shell formation and removes CubIand Col phases in favor of single‐layer SmA phases. Hence, by tailoring the length of the N‐terminal chain, a crossover from taper‐shaped to polycatenar LC tectons was achieved, which provides a powerful tool for control of self‐assembly in ILCs.
Direct Observation of Molecular‐Level Template Action Leading to Self‐Assembly of a Porous Framework
Authors: Bajpe Sneha R. , Kirschhock Christine E. A. , Aerts Alexander , Breynaert Eric , Absillis Gregory , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. , Giebeler Lars , Martens Johan A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe molecular steps involved in the self‐assembly of Cu3(BTC)2 (BTC=1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid) metal–organic frameworks that enclose Keggin‐type H3PW12O40 heteropolyacid molecules were unraveled by using solution 17O, 31P, and 183W NMR spectroscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, near‐IR spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. In aqueous solution, complexation of Cu2+ ions with Keggin‐type heteropolyacids was observed. Cu2+ ions are arranged around the Keggin structure so that linking through benzenetricarboxylate groups results in the formation of the Cu3(BTC)2 MOF structure HKUST‐1. This is a unique instance in which a templating mechanism that relies on specific molecular‐level matching and leads to explicit nanoscale building units can be observed in situ during formation of the synthetic nanoporous material.
Confinement Effect of Organic Nanotubes Toward Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Depending on the Inner Diameter Size
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Minamikawa Hiroyuki , Someya Yuu , Yui Hiroharu , Masuda Mitsutoshi , Shimizu Toshimi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTransportation, release behavior, and stability of a green fluorescent protein (GFP, 3×4 nm) in self‐assembled organic nanotubes with three different inner diameters (10, 20, and 80 nm) have been studied in terms of novel nanocontainers. Selective immobilization of a fluorescent acceptor dye on the inner surface enabled us to not only visualize the transportation of GFP in the nanochannels but to also detect release of the encapsulated GFP to the bulk solution in real time, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Obtained diffusion constants and release rates of GFP markedly decreased as the inner diameter of the nanotubes was decreased. An endo‐sensing procedure also clarified the dependence of the thermal and chemical stabilities of the GFP on the inner diameters. The GFP encapsulated in the 10 nm nanochannel showed strong resistance to heat and to a denaturant. On the other hand, the 20 nm nanochannel accelerated the denaturation of the encapsulated GFP compared with the rate of denaturation of the free GFP in bulk and the encapsulated GFP in the 80 nm nanochannels. The confinement effect based on rational fitting of the inner diameter to the size of GFP allowed us to store it stably and without denaturation under high temperatures and high denaturant concentrations.
Primary Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Nonagenarians
Authors: Koutouzis Michael , Grip Lars , Matejka Göran , Albertsson Per 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:The optimal treatment of very elderly patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is not yet defined. The aim of this study is to present the feasibility and safety of primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in nonagenarians.Methods:A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent primary PCI due to STEMI between 2004 and 2008 was performed. Patients age 90 years or older at the time of the procedure were identified and studied.Results:Twenty‐two patients fulfilled the study criteria (median age 92 years; range, 90–97 years; 50% women). The procedural success rate was 82%. Bare metal stent implantation was performed in 82% of the procedures, whereas only balloon angioplasty was performed on the rest of them. One patient experienced a minor bleeding complication. Procedural mortality was 9% (2 out of 22 patients), and it was due to “no flow” phenomenon in both patients. In‐hospital mortality was 27% (6/22 patients) and 30‐day mortality was 32% (7/22 patients). All 3 patients with Killip class III–IV on admission died within 30 days compared with 4 of the 19 patients with Killip class I–II (P = 0.023). Furthermore, of 11 patients with anterior infarction, 7 died within 30 days compared with none of the 11 patients with infarction of other location (P = 0.004).Conclusions:Although primary PCI is feasible in patients 90 years or older suffering from STEMI, the short‐term mortality rate is high especially in patients with anterior infarct location and/or severely depressed myocardial function. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MR imaging for the longevity of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with poly‐L‐lysine–Resovist complexes
Authors: Liu Gang , Yang Hua , Zhang Xiao Ming , Shao Yang , Jiang Hong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are emerging as ideal probes for noninvasive cell tracking. In this study, poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) was mixed with Resovist to form the PLL–Resovist complexes and the control of the complexes formed by PLL and Resovist and their subsequent properties was easily achievable. MSCs could be safely and efficiently labeled for MR imaging using PLL–Resovist complexes (w/w 0.01:1) and the labeled MSCs could be detected to have definite decreased signal intensity on T2‐weight imaging until 20 days with standard 1.5 T MR equipment. This study describes a simple protocol to label MSCs using PLL–Resovist complexes and the results presented in our study can provide a basis for the application of PLL–Resovist complexes cell labeling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of MRI contrast agent‐loaded polymeric nanocapsules as versatile vehicle for targeted imaging
Authors: Sharma Sonu , Paiphansiri Umaporn , Hombach Vinzenz , Mailänder Volker , Zimmermann Oliver , Landfester Katharina , Rasche Volker 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVarious contrast agents (Magnevist®, Gadovist® and Multihance®) loaded into polymeric nanocapsules were synthesized by the inverse miniemulsion technique. The relaxivity of the resultant contrast agents was assessed at 1.5 T magnetic field strength. The ionic relaxivity of the contrast agents could at least be maintained after their encapsulation in different polymer capsules. The chemical composition of the nanocapsules was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The distribution of the contrast agent in the nanocapsules could be identified by energy filtered transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The results indicate entrapment of the gadolinium complex into the inner shell of the polymeric nanocapsules. The payload of contrast agent per nanocapsule resulted in some 2.5 × 106 Gd3+ complexes yielding a particle‐based relaxivity of 10.75 × 106 mM−1 s−1. Maintained or even slightly increased ionic relaxivity of the different contrast agents after encapsulation in combination with high payloads and the possibility of functionalization of the capsules' surface facilitate the application of the nanocapsules as promising targeted contrast agents for MRI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T2 relaxation time of hyaline cartilage in presence of different gadolinium‐based contrast agents
Authors: Wiener Edzard , Settles Marcus , Diederichs Gerd 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe transverse relaxation time, T2, of native cartilage is used to quantify cartilage degradation. T2 is frequently measured after contrast administration, assuming that the impact of gadolinium‐based contrast agents on cartilage T2 is negligible. To verify this assumption the depth‐dependent variation of T2 in the presence of gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadobenate dimeglumine and gadoteridol was investigated. Furthermore, the r2/r1 relaxivity ratios were quantified in different cartilage layers to demonstrate differences between T2 and T1 relaxation effects. Transverse high‐spatial‐resolution T1‐ and T2‐maps were simultaneously acquired on a 1.5 T MR scanner before and after contrast administration in nine bovine patellae using a turbo‐mixed sequence. The r2/r1 ratios were calculated for each contrast agent in cartilage. Profiles of T1, T2 and r2/r1 across cartilage thickness were generated in the absence and presence of contrast agent. The mean values in different cartilage layers were compared for global variance using the Kruskal–Wallis test and pairwise using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. T2 of unenhanced cartilage was 98 ± 5 ms at 1 mm and 65 ± 4 ms at 3 mm depth. Eleven hours after contrast administration significant differences (p < 0.001) were measurable for all three contrast agents. T2 values were 58 ± 2 and 62 ± 3 ms for gadopentetate dimeglumine, 46 ± 2 and 57 ± 2 ms for gadobenate dimeglumine, and 38 ± 2 and 42 ± 2 ms for gadoteridol at 1 and 3 mm depths, respectively. The r2/r1 relaxivity ratios across cartilage thickness were close to 1.0 (range 0.9–1.3). At 1.5 T, T2 decreased significantly in the presence of contrast agents, more pronounced in superficial than in deep cartilage. The change in T2 relaxation rate was similar to the change in T1. Cartilage T2 measurements after contrast administration will lead to systematic errors in the quantification of cartilage degradation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dinuclear Mesogens with Antiferromagnetic Properties
Authors: Szydłowska Jadwiga , Krówczyński Adam , Pociecha Damian , Szczytko Jacek , Budzowski Paweł , Twardowski Andrzej , Górecka Ewa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHerein, two new groups of isomeric bimetallic nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes containing pyrazine or pyrimidine rings are synthesized and examined. The complexes exhibit liquid‐crystalline columnar phases in a broad temperature range. For the copper(II) complexes, super‐exchange coupling between two CuII ions is observed. For the pyrimidine derivative in which the paramagnetic CuII ions are separated only by three atoms, an antiferromagnetic spin alignment is detected. When the distance between CuII ions increases to four atoms in the pyrazine derivative, the magnetic interaction becomes significantly weaker.
Quenching of Photoluminescence in ZnO QDs Decorating Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Dutta Mrinal , Jana Santanu , Basak Durga 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report the controlled growth of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) on the sidewalls of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by a one‐step process and study the effect on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the ZnO QDs‐MWCNT composite. The PL intensity of the composite is quenched and the lifetime is reduced compared to the only ZnO QDs. The origin of the PL quenching is discussed in terms of energy transfer, which is examined by varying the density and size of ZnO QDs by changing the molar concentration of the precursor solution for ZnO and the amount of MWCNT.
Image differentiation with corporate environmental responsibility
Authors: Heikkurinen Pasi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper analyzes strategic implications of corporate responsibility (CR) and in particular how a firm can differentiate with an environmentally responsible image. A single case study was conducted in the Nordic hospitality industry with semi‐structured interviews as the main data collection method.By adopting an environmentally responsible identity through shared values with the firm's key stakeholders, the firm can reflect an environmentally responsible image. This image can enhance the firm's strategic position through internal and external differentiators from competitors – as the firm becomes a more preferred employer, partner and supplier, it results in enhanced employee motivation, cost savings, better reputation, and greater guest loyalty. The amount of CR depends on the micro/meso/macro/global‐level drivers, and competitive aims of the firm. The emphasis on stakeholder communication becomes greater as the firm increases its CR‐aggressiveness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A Fluid Model of the Sheath Formation in Front of an Electron Emitting Electrode with Space Charge Limited Emission Immersed in a Plasma that Contains a One‐Dimensional Mono‐Energetic Electron Beam
Authors: Gyergyek T. , Kovačič J. , Čerček M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSheath formation in front of a large, planar, electron emitting electrode (collector) immersed in a plasma that contains a mono‐energetic, one‐dimensional electron beam is studied by a one‐dimensional fluid model. A current‐voltage characteristics of the collector is calculated. For certain beam parameters triple valued floating potentials of the collector are found. The calculated current‐voltage characteristics is qualitatively similar to experimental characteristics observed by [Nam et al J. Appl. Phys., 63, 5674 (1988)] and also by [M.C. Griskey and R.L. Stenzel, Phys. Rev. Letters, 82, 556 (1999)]. We suggest that the triple valued floating potential are a consequence of a non‐monotonic dependence of the space charge limited emission current on the collector potential, which is caused by the penetration of the electron beam in the collector sheath and does not depend on the physical mechanism (e.g. thermal or secondary) of the electron emission from the collector (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Comparative Study of Electron Heat Transport in a Stochastic and a Non‐Stochastic Magnetic Field
Authors: Gao Hong , Zha Xuejun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe studied the electron heat transport across a non‐local stochastic magnetic field and a non‐local non‐stochastic magnetic field in tokamak plasmas. Analytical results and numerical simulation results were compared with conditions of a stochastic and a non‐stochastic magnetic field respectively in this article. Parameter of stochasticity in perturbed magnetic field was found not tobe a key factor in influencing effective radial heat conductivity in radial direction of tokomak when Chirikov parameter is close to one (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Miniaturized XeCl Dielectric Barrier Discharge as a Source of Short Lived, Fast Decaying UV Radiation
Authors: Bussiahn R. , Pipa A.V. , Kindel E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) of coaxial geometry has been examined as source of intensive, short‐lived UV radiation. A binary gas mixture consisting of 98% Xe + 2% Cl2 and a ternary composition of 96% Ne + 6% Xe + 0.2% HCl were investigated in the pressure range between 10 and 750 mbar. The discharge was excited by unipolar high voltage square pulses with amplitudes of 3 to 7 kV at a repetition rate of 100 Hz. UV radiation intensity is increased by combining 5 square pulses with a period of 1 μs each in one train (burst). Radiation decay on three orders of magnitude within 10 μs was obtained for both gas mixtures in burst mode. Maximum energy of the light pulse was the same for both gas mixtures and estimated as 40 nJ. It is shown that the optimum gas pressure for highest radiation intensity depends not only on gas composition but also on applied voltage and number of pulses in the train. A variation of the spectral band shape of XeCl emission during the pulse is detected (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)