bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations by a university anatomy teacher and a suggestion for curricular change: Integrative anatomy for undergraduates
Authors: Darda David M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe observation that anatomical course offerings have decreased in undergraduate biology curricula is supported by a survey of undergraduate institutions in the state of Washington. This reduction, due partially to increased emphasis in other areas of the biology curriculum, along with the lack of anatomy prerequisites for admission to most medical and dental schools, has resulted in many biology majors who have little or no exposure to the anatomical sciences. This is a disservice to our students who need to understand organismal form and function to better connect our rapidly expanding knowledge of life at the cell and molecular level to our understanding of the role of organisms in ecosystems and as the primary target of natural selection in evolutionary change. Undergraduate anatomical courses can also serve as an extension of the anatomy curriculum in professional healthcare programs, where anatomical sciences are also experiencing a reduced allocation of instructional time. Given the importance of anatomical knowledge along with the many demands and constraints on biology curricula, what can we do? One suggestion, a course in integrative anatomy for undergraduates, is proposed and discussed. Anat Sci Educ 3:73–76, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Advanced biofuel production in microbes
Authors: Peralta‐Yahya Pamela P. , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe cost‐effective production of biofuels from renewable materials will begin to address energy security and climate change concerns. Ethanol, naturally produced by microorganisms, is currently the major biofuel in the transportation sector. However, its low energy content and incompatibility with existing fuel distribution and storage infrastructure limits its economic use in the future. Advanced biofuels, such as long chain alcohols and isoprenoid‐ and fatty acid‐based biofuels, have physical properties that more closely resemble petroleum‐derived fuels, and as such are an attractive alternative for the future supplementation or replacement of petroleum‐derived fuels. Here, we review recent developments in the engineering of metabolic pathways for the production of known and potential advanced biofuels by microorganisms. We concentrate on the metabolic engineering of genetically tractable organisms such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of these advanced biofuels.
A weak degeneracy revealing decomposition for the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC model
Authors: Rocci Roberto , Giordani Paolo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) model is a well known and frequently used tool for extracting substantial information from a three‐way data array. It has several useful characteristics and usually gives meaningful insights about the underlying structure of the data. However, in some cases it has a ‘strange’ behaviour suffering from the so‐called ‘degenerate solutions’, i.e. solutions where the components show a diverging pattern and are meaningless. Several authors have investigated the causes of degeneracy concluding that the phenomenon is due to a lack of minimum of the loss function. In this paper, we study the degeneracy of CP limiting our attention to the two‐component case. The study is done by introducing a canonical form, called 2DR, which is ‘weakly degeneracy revealing’. On the ground of this framework, degeneracy is studied along with some of the remedies proposed in the literature by using a Tucker3 model having a core in the 2DR form. The analysis gives new insights about the behaviour of the CP model and suggests new ideas on how to deal with degeneracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local chemometrics for samples and variables: optimizing calibration and standardization processes
Authors: Igne Benoit , Hurburgh Charles R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe ability of five sample selection methods for local chemometrics and three variable selection algorithms were compared for the development and the transfer of whole soybeans protein and oil near infrared prediction models. Two new methods based on a similarity index considering Euclidian distance among Fourier coefficients were introduced and tested against more common approaches (locally weighted regression, LOCAL). Genetic algorithms were also challenged with the development of models based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). A modification to the original PSO model was introduced. Sample and variable selection methods, as well as their combinations, were tested in the transfer of models in intra‐ and inter‐brand situations using two Foss Infratecs and two Bruins OmegAnalyzerGs. For each brand, a master was designated and its models transferred onto the second unit of its network and the two units of the second brand. Calibration models were proven transferable from brand to brand with similar or better precisions than when all instruments were calibrated on their own calibration sets (relative predictive determinant (RPD) improving from 10.42 to 12.76 and 12.39 in intra‐brand standardization for Infratec network with local and variable selection methods respectively). These methods provided contrasted results depending on the instrument, the parameter, and the variability of interest. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate calibration leverages and spectralF‐ratios via the filter factor representation
Authors: Andries Erik , Kalivas John H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDiagnostics are fundamental to multivariate calibration (MC). Two common diagnostics are leverages and spectralF‐ratios and these have been formulated for many MC methods such as partial least square (PLS), principal component regression (PCR) and classical least squares (CLS). While these are some of the most common methods of calibration in analytical chemistry, ridge regression is also common place and yet spectralF‐ratios have not been developed for it. Noting that ridge regression is a form of Tikhonov regularization (TR) and using the unifying filter factor representation for MC, this paper develops the filter factor form of leverages and spectralF‐ratios. The approach is applied to a spectral data set to demonstrate computational speed‐up advantages and ease of implementation for the filter factor representation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction and Photophysical Properties of Organic–Inorganic Nanonetworks Based on Oligo(phenylenevinylene) and Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Jien , Liu Xiaofeng , Huang Changshui , Zhou Chunjie , Li Yuliang , Zhu Daoben 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNovel organic–inorganic nanonetworks of oligo(phenylenevinylene) (OPV) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been synthesized by the amine‐based epoxide ring‐opening reaction. The resulting OPV–GNPs nanocomposites exhibit homogeneous and well‐defined interfaces between the organic ligands and the inorganic nanoparticles, thereby promoting efficient electronic interfacial interaction between the two constituents. The functionalized gold nanoparticles serve as chemical reagents for the construction of nanohybrids, while the epoxide‐terminated OPV acts as linkage between gold nanoparticles. The new architecture provides a facile methodology for fabrication of novel organic–inorganic nanohybrids under relatively mild conditions, which facilitates further applications of hybrid materials.
Characterization of gel grown iron‐manganese‐cobalt ternary levo‐tartrate crystals
Authors: Joshi S. J. , Tank K. P. , Parekh B. B. , Joshi M. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the present investigation, iron–manganese–cobalt ternary levo‐tartrate crystals of different compositions have been grown by single‐diffusion gel growth technique in silica hydrogel medium. The metallic composition in the crystals was estimated by EDAX. The coloration of the crystals changed with composition of metallic content. The powder XRD study suggested the crystalline nature and indicated the presence of some extra phases. The grown crystals were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, TGA, dielectric and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) studies. The FT‐IR study suggested the presence of O‐H, C=O, C‐O and metal‐oxygen bonds. The effect of composition of metallic content was observed in certain absorption regions in FT‐IR spectra. The thermal stability of the crystals was studied by thermogravimetry and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dehydration were calculated. The effect of composition of ternary levo‐tartrate was observed in dielectric study. The dielectric study was carried out in the frequency range of applied field from 500 Hz to 1 MHz. The variations in dielectric constant, dielectric loss, a.c. resistivity and a.c. conductivity with frequency of applied field were studied. VSM study suggested that all crystals were of paramagnetic nature. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties of 2‐aminopyridinium nitrato silver
Authors: Bhuvana K. P. , Robinson Jebas S. , Balasubramanian T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCrystals of 2‐aminopyridinium nitrato silver have been synthesized by slow evaporation method. Grown crystals have been subjected to FTIR, Single crystal X‐Ray diffraction and UV‐Visible studies in order to investigate the structural and optical properties of the crystal. The FTIR spectrum reveals the presence of the functional group that corresponds to both 2‐aminopyridine and silver nitrate, suggesting the formation of the compound, 2‐aminopyridinium nitrato silver. From XRD it is observed that the crystal crystallizes in the structure of monoclinic with the space group of P21/c. The optical transmittance spectrum shows the maximum transparency of about 95% in the visible region is in consistent with the wide band gap, estimated as 4.738 eV. The optical constants n and k has also been determined from the transmittance data. The static dielectric constant is found to be 0.851. The wide band gap and the less dielectric constant suggest the suitability of this compound material for photoconductive applications. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of isothermal annealing on degree of crystallinity and mechanical properties of poly(l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)
Authors: Zhao Na , Wang Liansong , Huang Dongling , Zhang Tianyao , Zhang Lifang , Xiong Chengdong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe investigated the effect of isothermal annealing on the degree of crystallinity and mechanical properties of a random copolymer‐poly(l‐lactide‐co ‐glycolide) (PLLGA)‐with monomer molar ratios of 85/15 (PLLGA85/15) by performing polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction, and studying the tensile properties. Isothermal annealing of PLLGA at 130 °C was conducted to improve the degree of crystallinity of the copolymer; the maximum degree of crystallinity (44.5%) was achieved after 60 min of annealing. The crystal size/perfection was observed to increase with annealing time. The highest tensile strength of 65.8 MPa was achieved after 80 min of annealing. However, the degree of crystallinity and tensile strength can only reach to certain extent. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of a static magnetic field on silicon transport in liquid phase diffusion growth of SiGe
Authors: Armour N. , Dost S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLiquid phase diffusion experiments have been performed without and with the application of a 0.4 T static magnetic field using a three‐zone DC furnace system. SiGe crystals were grown from the germanium side for a period of 72 h. Experiments have led to the growth of single crystal sections varying from 0 to 10 mm thicknesses. Examination of the processed samples (single and polycrystalline sections) has shown that the effect of the applied static magnetic field is significant. It alters the temperature distribution in the system, reduces mass transport in the melt, and leads to a much lower growth rate. The initial curved growth interface was slightly flattened under the effect of magnetic field. There were no growth striations in the single crystal sections of the samples. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heterogeneous versus bulk nucleation of lysozyme crystals
Authors: Hodzhaoglu F. V. , Nanev C. N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHeterogeneous (on‐glass) protein crystal nucleation was separated from the bulk one in systems of thin protein solution layers, confined between two glass plates of custom made quasi two‐dimensional all‐glass cells, as well as by applying forced protein solution flow. Two commercial samples of hen‐egg‐white lysozyme, Seikagaku and Sigma were used as model proteins. Applying the classical technique of separation in time of nucleation and growth stages with protein solution layers of thickness 0.05 cm we found that the on‐glass crystal nucleation prevailed highly with Seikagaku HEWL, while on the opposite, bulk nucleated crystals represented the main crystal fraction in Sigma solution. Also using 0.05 cm solution layers nucleation rates were measured separately for the on‐glass and bulk protein crystals. The process was investigated by varying solution layer thicknesses as well, from 0.05 down to 0.01, 0.0065 and 0.002 cm. Studying the influence of the forced protein solution flow on HEWL crystal nucleation the classical double‐pulse technique was modified by separating the nucleation and growth stages not only in time, but simultaneously also in place. In this case we found that the ratio of on‐glass formed crystal nuclei to bulk nuclei depended on the flow velocity, but in different manner with Seikagaku HEWL and Sigma HEWL. A plausible explanation of our experimental results is that the bulk crystal nucleation occurs on foreign surfaces as well, e.g. on rests of source biomaterial, which are always present in the protein solutions. Moreover, biomaterial seems to be more active nucleant than glass. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinetic study of ultrasonic antisolvent crystallization of sirolimus
Authors: Gandhi P. J. , Murthy Z. V. P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSirolimus, generally used in organ transplantation, is derived from bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Mass transfer controlled ultrasonic antisolvent method was used for determining the precipitation kinetics of sirolimus. The effect of temperature was determined on the particles size, percentage recovery, critical radius of nucleus, mass transfer coefficient, etc. for sirolimus dissolved in methanol and antisolvent water using ultrasonic treatment. The study was done using classical nucleation theory, which can also be applied to precipitation processes. Experiments were carried out at various temperatures; viz: 45, 50, 60 and 70 °C and the percentage recoveries of sirolimus were found to be 90.74, 91.5, 92.64 and 93.61%, respectively, for initial amount of 8 mg dissolved in 1 mL of solvent and further introduced into 12 mL of HPLC water. The final average diameters of crystals observed for the temperatures were 1371, 1287, 1063 and 863 nm, respectively. The systems were found to be mass transfer controlling and that the mass diffusivities were found to be about 3.97×10–9, 4.00×10–9, 3.01×10‐9 and 1.92×10–9 m2/s, respectively. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficient memory architecture for image processing
Authors: Perri Stefania , Corsonello Pasquale 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis Letter presents a novel purpose‐designed architecture to realize efficient dual‐port memory structures for image processing applications. The main innovation proposed here is the exploitation of single‐port (SP) sub‐banks to achieve the same data bandwidth offered by a true dual‐port (TDP) memory, but significantly reducing the access time and resources requirement.When compared with a conventional TDP memory bank, the proposed strategy requires up to 25% less silicon area and consumes up to 9% lower power. It also exhibits an access time up to 15% lower.When used within an Actel FPGA RTAX device to realize an image compressor based on the 2D DWT and the SPIHT algorithm, the memory structure proposed here allows reaching an 11 Mpixels/s frame‐rate, which is 77% higher than that achieved by simply instantiating the SP memory banks available on chip. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of switching frequency instabilities in buck‐based DC–AC H‐bridge inverters
Authors: El Aroudi Abdelali , Rodriguez Enric , Orabi Mohamed , Alarcón Eduard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the dynamical behavior of a full bridge DC–AC buck inverter controlled by fixed frequency and PWM is studied. After showing that the system can undergo both period‐doubling and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation at the fast scale (switching period) by using the exact switching model, an exact solution discrete‐time model able to predict both instability phenomena is derived. The model is obtained without making the quasi‐static approximation and it can be used to obtain the useful operation region in the multi‐dimensional design parameter space from time domain simulations in a very fast and accurate manner. Based on the study of the system, some design guidelines are provided. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A battery charger with maximum power point tracking function for low‐power photovoltaic system applications
Authors: Chiu Huang‐Jen , Lo Yu‐Kang , Lee Ting‐Peng , Chen Qing Su , Yu Wen Long , Lee Jian‐Xing , Shih Frank , Mou Shann‐Chyi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA battery charger with MPPT function for low‐power PV system applications is presented in this study. For effective miniaturization, the battery charger is designed with high‐frequency operation. Some current‐sensing techniques are studied, and their MPPT implementation is compared. A battery charging method is also designed to prolong battery lifetime without the use of battery current sensors. The operation principles and design considerations of the proposed PV charger are analyzed and discussed in detail. A laboratory prototype is implemented and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Experimental results show that high MPPT accuracy and conversion efficiency can be simultaneously achieved under high‐frequency operation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyrosequencing‐based strategy for a successful SNP detection in two hypervariable regions: HV‐I/HV‐II of the human mitochondrial displacement loop
Authors: Anjum Ghulam Murtza , Du Weidong , Klein Rachel , Amara Umme , Huber‐Lang Markus , Schneider E. Marion , Wiegand Peter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractForensic analysis of mitochondrial displacement loop (D‐loop) sequences using Sanger sequencing or SNP detection by minisequencing is well established. Pyrosequencing has become an important alternative because it enables high‐throughput analysis and the quantification of individual mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) in samples originating from more than one individual. DNA typing of the mitochondrial D‐loop region is usually the method of choice if STR analysis fails because of trace amounts of DNA and/or extensive degradation. The main aim of the present work was to optimize the efficiency of pyrosequencing. To do this, 31 SNPs within the hypervariable regions I and II of the D‐loop of human mtDNA were simultaneously analyzed. As a novel approach, we applied two sets of amplification primers for the multiplexing assay. These went in combination with four sequencing primers for pyrosequencing. This method was compared with conventional sequencing of mtDNA from blood and biological trace materials.
A new evaluation technique for the detection of impurities in purified proteins via CE with native UV‐LIF
Authors: Rodat Audrey , Couderc Bettina , Feurer Bernard , Couderc François 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn analytical methodology for quality control analyses of IgG and their impurities is presented using a new UV‐LIF (266 nm) detector inside the cassette of a CE instrument and its performance was evaluated. The observed sensitivity was very close to that obtained by silver staining of slab gels (LOD of 25 ng/mL), while the sensitivity of the analysis is 80 times better than with CE/UV absorption (214 nm). Examples of the analysis of pharmaceutical and other commercial IgGs are provided and the kinetics of the reduction of IgG by β‐mercaptoethanol is reported, demonstrating the ease of performing the analysis.
Comparative analysis of proteomic changes in contrasting flax cultivars upon cadmium exposure
Authors: Hradilová Jana , Řehulka Pavel , Řehulková Helena , Vrbová Miroslava , Griga Miroslav , Brzobohatý Břetislav 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is classified as a serious pollutant due to its high toxicity, high carcinogenicity, and widespread presence in the environment. Phytoremediation represents an effective low‐cost approach for removing pollutants from contaminated soils, and a crop with significant phytoremediation potential is flax. However, significant differences in Cd accumulation and tolerance were previously found among commercial flax cultivars. Notably, cv. Jitka showed substantially higher tolerance to elevated Cd levels in soil and plant tissues than cv. Tábor. Here, significant changes in the expression of 14 proteins (related to disease/defense, metabolism, protein destination and storage, signal transduction, energy and cell structure) were detected by image and mass spectrometric analysis of two‐dimensionally separated proteins extracted from Cd‐treated cell suspension cultures derived from these contrasting cultivars. Further, two proteins, ferritin and glutamine synthetase (a key enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis), were only up‐regulated by Cd in cv. Jitka, indicating that Cd tolerance mechanisms in this cultivar may include maintenance of low Cd levels at sensitive sites by ferritin and low‐molecular weight thiol peptides binding Cd. The identified changes could facilitate marker‐assisted breeding for Cd tolerance and the development of transgenic flax lines with enhanced Cd tolerance and accumulation capacities for phytoremediating Cd‐contaminated soils.
Analysis of nucleotide variation within the triose‐phosphate isomerase gene ofGiardia duodenalisfrom sheep and its zoonotic implications
Authors: Nolan Matthew J. , Jex Aaron R. , Pangasa Aradhana , Young Neil D. , Campbell Angus J. , Stevens Melita , Gasser Robin B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study explored the genetic composition ofGiardiain fecal samples from 284 individual lambs on pasture‐based sheep farms in three regions of Victoria, Australia. An approach, combining targeted sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and PCR‐coupled restriction endonuclease fingerprinting, was used to identify and genetically categorizeGiardiapresent in 43 (15.1%) of the 284 samples and to infer their zoonotic potential. The specific identity and genetic classification were based on the phylogenetic analysis of sequence data for a portion of the triose‐phosphate isomerase gene. Fourteen different sequence variants (including seven sequences that contained between one and five polymorphic sites) representing two distinct assemblages ofGiardia(recognized in the current literature) were defined, of which 13 were new records. One dominant sequence type (with accession no. GQ444447, representing a genotype within assemblage A) has been detected previously in humans and is thus considered to be of zoonotic potential. (Nucleotide sequences reported in this article are available in the GenBank database under accession nos. GQ444447–GQ444451 and GQ444454–GQ444462).