bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualification of a novel inline spiking method for virus filter validation
Authors: Lutz Herbert , Chang Wayne , Blandl Tamas , Ramsey Gisela , Parella Joe , Fisher John , Gefroh Eva 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVirus filters are widely used in bioprocessing to reduce the risk of virus contamination in therapeutics. The small pores required to retain viruses are sensitive to plugging by trace contaminants and frequently require inline adsorptive prefiltration. Virus spiking studies are required to demonstrate virus removal capabilities of the virus filter using scale down filters. If prefiltration removes viruses and interferes with the measurement of virus filter LRV, the standard approach is to batch prefilter the protein solution, spike with virus, and then virus filter. For a number of proteins, batch prefiltration leads to increased plugging and significantly lower throughputs than inline prefiltration. A novel inline spiking method was developed to overcome this problem. This method allows the use of inline prefiltration with direct measurement of virus filter removal capabilities. The equipment and its operation are described. The method was tested with three different protein feeds, two different parvovirus filters, two virus injection rates; a salt spike, a bacteriophage spike, and two mammalian virus spikes: MMV and xMuLV. The novel inline method can reliably measure LRV at throughputs representative of the manufacturing process. It is recommended for applications where prefiltration is needed to improve throughput, prefiltration significantly reduces virus titer, and virus filter throughput is significantly reduced using batch vs. inline prefiltration. It can even help for the case where the virus preparation causes premature plugging. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Enzymatic fragmentation of cation exchange membrane bound immunoglobulin G
Authors: Yu Deqiang , Ghosh Raja 
Published: August 2010

AbstractImmunoglobulin G (IgG) was immobilized on a stack of microporous cation‐exchange membranes and pulsed with pepsin solution. Fc fragment and its sub‐fragments thus produced were removed along with the reaction flow‐through, whereas F(ab′)2 which remained membrane bound could subsequently be eluted in a pure form using salt. The extent of IgG fragmentation and the apparent reaction rate constant were both significantly higher than in equivalent liquid phase reaction, presumably due to a combination of mass transport, steric, and substrate concentration effects. This approach of using a membrane surface as molecule cutting board could be attractive in niche applications such as integrated enzymatic reaction and purification processes involving macromolecular substrates. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Sexual abuse in sport: a model to prevent and protect athletes
Authors: Parent Sylvie , Demers Guylaine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSeveral studies clearly show that sexual abuse exists in sport. Currently, very few studies have examined the prevention and management of this problem in sports organisations. This article explores the measures used to prevent sexual abuse in sports organisations as well as the perceptions of the sports actors affected by these measures (parents, athletes, administrators and coaches). The results demonstrate that several factors affect the implementation of measures and the management of this problem in sports organisations. Moreover, few measures exist to prevent and manage cases of sexual abuse in these organisations, thus jeopardising the protection of athletes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Haptic‐constraint modeling based on interactive metaballs
Authors: Chen Hui , Sun Hanqiu , Jin Xiaogang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAdding interactive haptic‐constraint sensations is important in interactive computer gaming and 3D shape design. Usually constraints are set on vertices of the object to drive the deformation. How to simulate dynamic force constraints in interactive design is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel haptic‐constraint modeling method based on interactive metaballs, during which the haptic‐constraint tools are attracted to the target location and then control the touch‐enabled deformation within the constrained areas. The interactive force feedbacks facilitate designers to accurately deform the target regions and fine carve the details as their intention on the objects. Our work studies how to apply touch sensation in such constrained deformations using interactive metaballs, thus users can truly feel and control the soft‐touch objects during the deforming interactions. Experimental results show that the dynamic sense of touch during the haptic manipulation is intuitively simulated to users, via the interacting interface we have developed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender differences in re‐offending among psychiatrically examined Swedish offenders
Authors: Alm Charlotte , Berman Anne H. , Kristiansson Marianne , Lindqvist Per , Palmstierna Tom , Gumpert Clara Hellner 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground The gender gap for violent offending is narrowing in the general population. Substance abuse and mental health problems are known risk factors for criminality. While substance abuse treatment has been associated with reduced risk of re‐offending, women seem less likely to engage than men. People misusing substances tend to be high users of emergency room (ER) services. Such use may be an indicator both of treatment failure for substance misuse and offending. Little is known about gender differences in this respect.Aims This study aims to test for gender differences in re‐offending, use of substance abuse treatment, and hospital ER visits among offenders referred for forensic psychiatric assessment in Sweden.Method The study used a longitudinal retrospective design. Data on all 31 women from a 2‐year (2000–2001) cohort of serious offenders referred for forensic psychiatric assessment in Stockholm county, and 31 men from the same cohort, were extracted from forensic service and national records. Selection of the men was by initial random sampling followed by matching on age and substance misuse. The two resulting samples were compared on health service use and re‐offending data between release and the census date (30 April 2004).Results There were no gender differences for violent re‐offending or for engagement in planned substance abuse treatment, in spite of longer time at risk for the men. Re‐offending was reduced for women but not men who did not present in the ER with physical health problems.Conclusions Our study is limited by sample size, although it included all women referred to the specialist forensic psychiatric service over 2 years, but it does indicate that differences between men and women in this situation are likely, and worthy of further study. The only way of achieving adequate sample sizes is likely to be through multi‐centre collaboration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality structure among prisoners: How valid is the five‐factor model, and can it offer support for Eysenck's theory of criminality?
Authors: Ireland Jane L. , Ireland Carol A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground Research with offenders has tended to use a categorical system of diagnosis or a three‐factor model. There is growing evidence among non‐offending groups that a five‐factor model (FFM), which is more holistic and emphasises strengths as well as limitations, may be more clinically useful.Aim The purpose of this study was to test the validity of the FFM of personality in a sample of adult male prisoners. It was predicted that they would show higher scores for extraversion (E) and lower scores for emotional stability (ES) [the equivalent of higher neuroticism (N)], that E would be predicted by prison experience and age and that the FFM would be confirmed as a better fit to the data over Eysenck's three‐factor [P(psychoticism)EN] model.Methods Two independent samples of adult male prisoners were asked to complete the International Personality Item Pool while locked in their cells over the lunchtime period. Parallel and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the hypotheses.Results There was a 65 and 75% response rate across the independent samples, resulting in samples of 259 and 183, respectively. Overall, more positive personality traits were evidenced across both samples. E was not predicted by prison experience or age, with increased ES related to increased age in only one sample. The best‐fitting model comprised five factors, but represented a variant of the FFM.Conclusions and implications for practice The value of applying broad conceptualisations of personality to special samples is discussed, with the importance of accounting for positive, as well as negative, traits acknowledged. The presence of increased positive traits in comparison to negative traits is not in keeping with Eysenck's original personality theory of criminal behaviour, with the study highlighting value in accounting more for environmental factors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triply troubled: Criminal behaviour and mental health in a cohort of teenage pregnant substance misusers in treatment
Authors: Barnes Wesley , Ismail Khaled M. K. , Crome Ilana B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground Teenage substance misuse and pregnancy are major public health problems in the UK, where the most recent figures on maternal deaths suggest that they have doubled among young substance misusers. In general, little is known about their pregnancy outcomes.Aims The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of a sample of teenage pregnant drug users in the UK, to examine their psychosocial risk and complicating factors at presentation, to evaluate adherence to current national guidelines and to assess the adequacy of guidelines in relation to identified characteristics.Methods A six‐year records survey of young people attending a specialist adolescent drug misuse service in the west midlands of the UK.Results Ten pregnant adolescents were identified from records. These girls have had unstable or abusive experiences through childhood, half having other substance misusers in the family. All were with substantially older partners, who were also substance misusers. All had required a mental health assessment and 90% had a history of self‐harm. There were no maternal or neonatal deaths, and only one girl had a miscarriage, but in four cases, the child had to be fostered.Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of this kind in the UK. Available guidelines were followed, but our findings suggest that more detailed and comprehensive guidelines are required. Preventive measures through education are likely to be hampered by the early age at which these girls cease attending school. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young serious and vulnerable offenders in the Netherlands: A cohort follow‐up study after completion of a PIJ (detention) order
Authors: van Marle Hjalmar J.C. , Hempel Inge S. , Buck Nicole M.L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground About 150–200 ‘Placement in an Institution for Juveniles Orders’ (PIJ orders) are imposed each year in the Netherlands. Many of the young people under these orders have mental disorders or ‘threatened psychological development’ and are thought to be at high risk of recidivism. There are no previous studies of the range of judicial, correctional or psychiatric contacts after the PIJ order, but this could extend understanding of any links between post‐treatment psychological development of these young offenders and their reoffending or desistence from it.Aims To examine reoffending and judicial, correctional or psychiatric contacts of juveniles after a PIJ order, any relationship between seriousness of the index offence and first reoffence, and to test the hypothesis that ‘threatened psychological development’ is associated with higher recidivism rates.Methods A records‐based follow‐up study of a 9‐year (1995–2003) national release cohort of 781 Dutch juvenile offenders finishing a PIJ order under the Juvenile Entrustment Act. Descriptive statistics were used to show patterns of reoffending and the reoffending and non‐reoffending groups compared.Results The mean length of the PIJ order was 2.5 years, and mean time subsequently at risk for offending was 83.5 months (range 51–135 months). After treatment under a PIJ order, serious criminal offending was reduced by 50%, and there was a trend towards less serious property offences. Contrary to prediction, ‘threatened psychological development’ was not associated with worse outcomes.Conclusions The data offer support for the value of the PIJ order. The recidivism rate remains high, and although the trend to less serious offending is encouraging, the findings raise questions about whether criminogenic needs are sufficiently met. By contrast, the apparently low rates of adult mental disorder, even among those regarded as having had ‘threatened psychological development’, suggest that PIJ institutions are doing a good job with respect to mental health. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dipyridamole versus verapamil for treatment of no‐reflow during primary angioplasty
Authors: Tanzilli Gaetano , Greco Cesare , Pasceri Vincenzo , Pelliccia Francesco , Arrivi Alessio , Placanica Attilio , Mangieri Enrico 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: No previous study has assessed the possible role of dipyridamole for treatment of no‐reflow during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results: Forty‐six consecutive patients (age 64 ± 13 years, 37 men) with no reflow during primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomized to initial treatment with either dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg i.c.) or verapamil (1 mg i.c.). Patients with unsuccessful response to the first drug were then switched to the second one (from dipyridamole to verapamil and vice versa). Angiographic end‐points were similar in the two groups: TIMI flow was 2.9 ± 0.3 versus 2.8 ± 0.4 (P = 0.28), corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) 26.4 ± 8.8 versus 31.6 ± 11.4 (P = 0.14) and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) 2.1 ± 1.2 versus 1.7 ± 1.2 (P = 0.12) in dipydidamole and verapamil group, respectively. Optimal myocardial perfusion (TMPG‐3) was achieved by 56% of patients with dipyridamole and 39% with verapamil (P = 0.38). In patients with persistent no‐reflow administration of dipyridamole on top of verapamil resulted in a significant further improvement of cTFC (from 31.6 ± 11.4 to 24.6 ±5.7 P = 0.009) and of TMPG (from 1.7 ± 1.2 to 2.6 ± 0.7, P = 0.007). Conversely, verapamil did not induce a significant improvement in coronary flow (cTFC changed from 26.4 ± 8.8 to 24.5 ± 8.5, P = 0.28 and TMPG from 2.1 ± 1.2 to 2.4 ± 1.2, P = 0.13). There were no significant side effects induced by dipyridamole, while verapamil caused AV block in 9% of cases. Conclusions: Dipyridamole is a safe and effective first‐line drug for treatment of no‐reflow. Dipyridamole can also be successfully used in patients with incomplete response to verapamil. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total Syntheses of Tubulysins
Authors: Shibue Taku , Hirai Toshihiro , Okamoto Iwao , Morita Nobuyoshi , Masu Hyuma , Azumaya Isao , Tamura Osamu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe total syntheses of tetrapeptides tubulysins D (1 b), U (1 c), and V (1 d), which are potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors, are described. The synthesis of Tuv (2), an unusual amino acid constituent of tubulysins, includes an 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of chiral nitrone D‐6 derived from D‐gulose with N‐acryloyl camphor sultam (−)‐9 employing the double asymmetric induction, whereas the synthesis of Tup (20), another unusual amino acid, involves a stereoselective Evans aldol reaction of (Z)‐boron enolate generated from (S)‐4‐isopropyl‐3‐propionyl‐2‐oxazolidinone with N‐protected phenylalaninal and a subsequent Barton deoxygenation protocol. We accomplished the total syntheses of tubulysins U (1 c) and V (1 d) by using these methodologies, in which the isoxazolidine ring was used as the effective protective group for γ‐amido alcohol functionality. Furthermore, to understand the structure‐activity relationship of tubulysins, we synthesized tubulysin D (1 b) and cyclo‐tubulysin D (1 e) from 2‐Me and 20, and ent‐tubulysin D (ent‐1 d) from ent‐2‐Me and ent‐20, respectively. The preliminary results regarding their biological activities are also reported.
Oxidative Coupling of Aromatic Substrates with Alkynes and Alkenes under Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAromatic substrates with oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing substituents undergo oxidative coupling with alkynes and alkenes under rhodium catalysis through regioselective CH bond cleavage. Coordination of the substituents to the rhodium center is the key to activate the CH bonds effectively. Various fused‐ring systems can be constructed through these reactions.
Formation of Metal‐Assisted Stable Double Helices in Dimers of Cyclic Bis‐Tetrapyrroles that Exhibit Spring‐Like Motion
Authors: Hashimoto Takashi , Nishimura Takuma , Lim Jong Min , Kim Dongho , Maeda Hiromitsu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBidipyrrin‐bridged macrocycles, prepared from NiII‐bridged dipyrrin‐based nanorings by intramolecular oxidative biaryl coupling reactions, yielded [2+4]‐type ZnII‐assisted stable twisted‐ring dimers comprising two double helices. These [2+4]‐type metal complexes can be optically resolved by chiral HPLC and exhibit tunable electronic and optical properties as a result of spring‐like motions. The double helices behave as glue to connect two macrocycles and as the screws of hinges to form thermally responsive synchronized spring systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations on the Synthesis and Properties of Some N‐ Arylpiperazinylalkyl Derivatives of Imides of 3,4‐Pyridinedicarboxylic Acids.
Authors: SLADOWSKA H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba4(WN4)Cl2: The First Nitridotungstate(VI) Chloride.
Authors: WACHSMANN CH. , JACOBS H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Coupling Reaction of Alkyl Iodides with a,β‐Unsaturated Esters Using Ni2B(cat.)‐BER in Methanol.
Authors: SIM T. B. , CHOI J. , YOON N. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Absorption Spectra of the Well‐Defined 1,1′‐ Bicyclopentadiene Derivatives.
Authors: YAMAGUCHI S. , TAMAO K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Utilization of a Novel Glycine‐Derived Chiral Precursor, Based on a Recyclable L‐Prolinol Auxiliary, for the Enantioselective Preparation of α‐Amino Acids and Their N‐Methyl Derivatives.
Authors: PANDEY G. , REDDY P. Y. , DAS P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Complete Set of Authentic Functional β‐Cyclodextrins with One Imidazolyl Group Specifically Attached to C‐2 or C‐3.
Authors: YUAN D.‐Q. , OHTA K. , FUJITA K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Cyclic Oligosaccharides. Part 1. Syntheses and Structural Properties of Cyclo((1 → 4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 . fwdarw. 4)‐α‐D‐mannopyranosyl)trioside and ‐tetraoside.
Authors: ASHTON P. R. , BROWN C. L. , MENZER S. , NEPOGODIEV S. A. , STODDART J. F. , WILLIAMS D. J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Reactions of Protein Phosphatases — Insights from Structure and Chemistry
Authors: Jackson Michael D. , Denu John M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The impact of stock split handling rules on returns: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Smith Brian F. , Zhu Yunhua 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCanadian and US stock split handling rules differ. In the US, buying shares is inconvenient before the ex‐date. In Canada, sellers face a miniscule probability of a big loss if the split is cancelled between the ex‐date and payable date. On the ex‐date, Canadian stock returns are positive and the proportion of seller‐initiated trading declines. After the payable date, returns are negative and the proportion of seller‐initiated trading increases. For cross‐listed shares, effects of US and Canadian rules are offsetting as returns are insignificant. We conclude that rules associated with a remote possibility of large losses affect investor behaviour. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Credibility of corporate announcements and market reaction: evidence from Canadian share repurchase programs
Authors: Mishra Dev , Racine Marie D. , Schmidt Luke 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDo market participants evaluate the credibility of a firm's share repurchase announcement based on the firm's share repurchase history? Using a sample of 1,507 share repurchase programs for firms listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange from 1994 to 2005, we find that 69% of firms fail to acquire the target number of shares specified at announcement and many firms fail to repurchase any shares. We develop credibility indices and find a positive relationship between current announcement abnormal returns and completion credibility of previous announcements. We conclude that the market prices completion credibility of past share repurchase announcements in reacting to current repurchase announcements. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.