bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Antiaging effect of purslane herb aqueous extracts and its mechanism of Action
Authors: Hao Huang , Nancai Yu , Lei Fu , Wen Su , Guofu Huang , yanxia Wu , Hanju Huang , Qian Liu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe following article from Phytotherapy Research, Antiaging effect of purslane herb aqueous extracts and its mechanism of Action by Huang Hao, Yu Nancai, Fu Lei, Su Wen, Huang Guofu, Wu Yanxia, Huang Hanju, Liu Qian published online on 15th April 2009 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Elizabeth Williamson and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to overlap with the following article: Zhang Hongxing, Yu Nancai, Huang Guofu, Shao Jianbo, Wu Yanxia, Huang Hanju, Liu Qian, Ma Wei, Yi Yandong and Huang Hao. Neuroprotective effects of purslane herb aquenous extracts against d‐galactose induced neurotoxicity. Chemico‐Biological Interactions 170: 3, pp.145‐152. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of neohesperidin and poncirin isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata on potential gastric disease
Authors: Lee Je‐Hyuk , Lee Seung‐Ho , Kim Yeong Shik , Jeong Choon Sik 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effects of Poncirus trifoliata (P. trifoliata) (Ponciri Fructus, PF) extract and its constituents such as neohesperidin and poncirin on gastritis in rats and human gastric cancer cells were investigated. The PF 70% ethanol extracts (1 g) showed approximately 11.38% of acid‐neutralizing capacities and cytotoxicity (IC50 = 85.39 µg/mL) against human AGS gastric cancer cells. In addition, neohesperidin exhibited antioxidant activity (IC50 = 22.31 µg/mL) in the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryldydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging assay. Neohesperidin (50 mg/kg) and poncirin (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited 55.0% and 60.0% of HCl/ethanol‐induced gastric lesions, respectively, and increased the mucus content. In pylorus ligated rats, neohesperidin (50 mg/kg) significantly decreased the volume of gastric secretion and gastric acid output, and increased the pH. From these results, it could be suggested that neohesperidin and poncirin isolated from PF may be useful for the treatment and/or protection of gastritis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A density functional study of 1,1,5‐tris(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐3‐methyl‐divinylene
Authors: Fellah Mehmet Ferdi , Onal Isik 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe optimized molecular structural parameters and UV‐vis, IR and Raman spectra of a dye molecule with an open formula of 1,1,5‐Tris(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐3‐methyl‐divinylene are determined by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations using B3LYP/6‐31G** formalism. Neutral and cationically charged molecules are used for DFT computations. CC, CC, and NC bond distances of dimethylaminophenyl groups of the dye molecule are in reasonable agreement with the experimental and theoretical CC, CC, and NC bond lengths of the group reported in the literature. Because Vis‐NIR region is near UV‐Vis region in the electromagnetic spectra, calculated maximum wavelengths of UV‐vis spectra are close to those of the experimental VIS‐NIR spectra reported. CC stretching frequencies calculated for dimethylaminophenyl, alkene, and benzene ring groups are also in good agreement with experimentally reported values. All calculated frequencies fall within 2.2% of the experimental frequency region. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
π‐Electronic communication through mono and multinuclear gold(I) complexes
Authors: Palusiak Marcin , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have theoretically studied gold(I) complexes of the type L1‐AuI‐L2 and HCN‐[AuI‐CN]n (n = 1–8) using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐BP86/TZ2P. Our purpose, besides determining structure and stability, is to analyze the bonding in our model systems in the conceptual framework of Kohn–Sham molecular orbital theory in combination with a quantitative bond energy decomposition scheme and analysis of the charge distribution. We focus on the π‐bonding interaction for a given ligand‐gold coordination bond and how this is affected by the presence of the other ligand. We find pronounced π‐electronic communication through the gold(I) valence shell in complexes that involve a π‐donor as well as a π‐acceptor ligand. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Screening of dimethoate in food by isotope dilution and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Mazzotti Fabio , Di Donna Leonardo , Macchione Barbara , Maiuolo Loredana , Perri Enzo , Sindona Giovanni 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCrop control is an important issue in both developed and developing countries. An environmentally friendly approach is represented by the so‐called Integrated Pest Management (IPM), whereby synthetic pesticides are only applied as a last resort, under the strict control of suitable experts. European and US regulatory authorities, such as the US EPA, are constantly assessing the risks of exposure to the organophosphate (OP) class of pesticides and, among these, specifically dimethoate. The use of dimethoate is still allowed in many crops, including olives, which once was based in the Mediterranean area but now is expanding rapidly throughout the world. An important aspect of IPM protocols is represented by the availability of reliable and sensitive methods to detect pesticides residues. This paper describes an isotope dilution dimethoate assay based on the application of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) by means of a deuterium‐labeled internal standard. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable carbon isotopes as an indicator for soil degradation in an alpine environment (Urseren Valley, Switzerland)
Authors: Schaub Monika , Alewell Christine 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAnalyses of soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stable carbon isotope signatures (δ13C) of soils were assessed for their suitability to detect early stage soil erosion. We investigated the soils in the alpine Urseren Valley (southern central Switzerland) which are highly impacted by soil erosion. Hill slope transects from uplands (cambisols) to adjacent wetlands (histosols and histic to mollic gleysols) differing in their intensity of visible soil erosion, and reference wetlands without erosion influence were sampled. Carbon isotopic signature and SOC content of soil depth profiles were determined. A close correlation of δ13C and carbon content (r > 0.80) is found for upland soils not affected by soil erosion, indicating that depth profiles of δ13C of these upland soils mainly reflect decomposition of SOC. Long‐term disturbance of an upland soil is indicated by decreasing correlation of δ13C and SOC (r ≤ 0.80) which goes in parallel with increasing (visible) damage at the site. Early stage soil erosion in hill slope transects from uplands to adjacent wetlands is documented as an intermediate δ13C value (−27.5‰) for affected wetland soil horizons (0–12 cm) between upland (aerobic metabolism, relatively heavier δ13C of −26.6‰) and wetland isotopic signatures (anaerobic metabolism, relatively lighter δ13C of −28.6‰). Carbon isotopic signature and SOC content are found to be sensitive indicators of short‐ and long‐term soil erosion processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Access of viral proteins to mitochondria via mitochondria‐associated membranes
Authors: Williamson Chad D. , Colberg‐Poley Anamaris M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBy exploiting host cell machineries, viruses provide powerful tools for gaining insight into cellular pathways. Proteins from two unrelated viruses, human CMV (HCMV) and HCV, are documented to traffic sequentially from the ER into mitochondria, probably through the mitochondria‐associated membrane (MAM) compartment. The MAM are sites of ER‐mitochondrial contact enabling the direct transfer of membrane bound lipids and the generation of high calcium (Ca2+) microdomains for mitochondria signalling and responses to cellular stress. Both HCV core protein and HCMV UL37 proteins are associated with Ca2+ regulation and apoptotic signals. Trafficking of viral proteins to the MAM may allow viruses to manipulate a variety of fundamental cellular processes, which converge at the MAM, including Ca2+ signalling, lipid synthesis and transfer, bioenergetics, metabolic flow, and apoptosis. Because of their distinct topologies and targeted MAM sub‐domains, mitochondrial trafficking (albeit it through the MAM) of the HCMV and HCV proteins predictably involves alternative pathways and, hence, distinct targeting signals. Indeed, we found that multiple cellular and viral proteins, which target the MAM, showed no apparent consensus primary targeting sequences. Nonetheless, these viral proteins provide us with valuable tools to access the poorly characterised MAM compartment, to define its cellular constituents and describe how virus infection alters these to its own end. Furthermore, because proper trafficking of viral proteins is necessary for their function, discovering the requirements for MAM to mitochondrial trafficking of essential viral proteins may provide novel targets for the rational design of anti‐viral drugs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observer‐based fault‐tolerant control for a class of hybrid impulsive systems
Authors: Yang Hao , Jiang Bin , Cocquempot Vincent 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates the fault‐tolerant control (FTC) problem for a class of hybrid nonlinear impulsive systems. Two kinds of faults are considered: continuous faults that affect each mode and discrete faults that affect the impulsive switching. The FTC strategy is based on the trade‐off between the frequency of switching and the decreasing rate of Lyapunov functions along the solution of the system, which maintains the stability of overall hybrid impulsive systems in spite of these two kinds of faults. A switched reluctance motor example is taken to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Misuse patterns in VoIP
Authors: Pelaez Juan C. , Fernandez Eduardo B. , Larrondo‐Petrie Maria M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo protect against security attacks, it is necessary to be aware of typical risks and to have a good understanding of how vulnerabilities can be exploited. Security patterns are useful to guide the security design of systems by providing generic solutions that can stop a variety of attacks, but it is not clear to an inexperienced designer what pattern should be applied to stop a specific attack. Additionally, security patterns are not useful for network forensics purposes because they do not emphasize the modus operandi of the attack. As a complement and improvement, we have proposed a new type of pattern, the misuse pattern. This pattern describes, from the point of view of the attacker, how a type of information misuse is performed, analyzes the ways of stopping the attack, and considers how to trace the attack once it has happened. To apply this approach, we need a catalog of misuse patterns. In this paper, we restrict our interest to voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) and we present a set of typical and frequent misuse patterns for VoIP: denial of service (DoS), call interception, theft of service, and call hijacking on VoIP. These patterns could be the start of a comprehensive catalog that would be of practical value to developers, testers, users, and researchers. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finding software metrics threshold values using ROC curves
Authors: Shatnawi Raed , Li Wei , Swain James , Newman Tim 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn empirical study of the relationship between object‐oriented (OO) metrics and error‐severity categories is presented. The focus of the study is to identify threshold values of software metrics using receiver operating characteristic curves. The study used the three releases of the Eclipse project and found threshold values for some OO metrics that separated no‐error classes from classes that had high‐impact errors. Although these thresholds cannot predict whether a class will definitely have errors in the future, they can provide a more scientific method to assess class error proneness and can be used by engineers easily. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing and sustaining science curriculum reform: A study of leadership practices among teachers within a high school science department
Authors: Larkin Douglas B. , Seyforth Scott C. , Lasky Holly J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study presents a description and analysis of a ninth‐grade integrated science curriculum developed and implemented by teachers within a high school science department and subsequently sustained for over 25 years. The Integrated Science Program (ISP) at Lakeside Southwest High School depicted here offers a unique example of longitudinal science education reform. In this study, we examined ISP as an artifact of teacher leadership. Findings affirmed the importance of shared philosophical purpose among teachers, attention to public perceptions, staff stability, the distribution of responsibilities, and instructional coherence. This study also demonstrated how curricular reforms might change over time in response to contextual pressures as was the case with the equity challenges faced by the current teachers of ISP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 813–835, 2009
Promoting complex systems learning through the use of conceptual representations in hypermedia
Authors: Liu Lei , Hmelo‐Silver Cindy E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStudying complex systems is increasingly important in many science domains. Many features of complex systems make it difficult for students to develop deep understanding. Our previous research indicated that a function‐centered conceptual representation is part of the disciplinary toolbox of biologists, suggesting that it is an appropriate representation to help students develop deep understanding. This article reports on the results of two experiments that investigate how hypermedia using a conceptual representation influences pre‐service teachers' and middle school students' learning of a complex biological system, the human respiratory system. We designed two versions of instructional hypermedia based on the structure–behavior‐function conceptual representation. One hypermedia was function‐centered which emphasized the function and behavior of the system, whereas the other was focused on the structure of the system. We contrasted the instructional effectiveness of these two alternative conceptual representations. The results of both studies indicated that participants using the function‐centered hypermedia developed deeper understanding than those using the structure‐centered version. This proof‐of‐concept study suggests that the function‐centered conceptual representation is a powerful way to promote complex systems understanding. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 1023–1040, 2009
College students solving chemistry problems: A theoretical model of expertise
Authors: Taasoobshirazi Gita , Glynn Shawn M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA model of expertise in chemistry problem solving was tested on undergraduate science majors enrolled in a chemistry course. The model was based on Anderson's Adaptive Control of Thought‐Rational (ACT‐R) theory. The model shows how conceptualization, self‐efficacy, and strategy interact and contribute to the successful solution of quantitative, well‐defined chemistry problems in the areas of stoichiometry, thermochemistry, and properties of solutions. A statistical path analysis and students' explanations supported the model and indicated that the students' problem conceptualization and chemistry self‐efficacy influenced their strategy use, which, in turn, strongly influenced their problem‐solving success. The implication of these findings for future research and developing students' expertise in chemistry problem solving is that a strategy is advantageous when it is built on a foundation of conceptual knowledge and chemistry self‐efficacy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 1070–1089, 2009
On the S809 airfoil's unsteady aerodynamic characteristics
Authors: Sheng Wanan , Galbraith Roderick A. McD. , Coton Frank N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe S809 airfoil dynamic characteristics, which are based on the airfoil dynamic tests at the University of Glasgow, are presented in this paper. The airfoil tests include static, ramp‐type (ramp‐up and ramp‐down) and oscillatory motions at Reynolds numbers of 1.0 × 106 and 1.5 × 106 with and without the sand‐tripped leading edge. This study aimed to explore the unsteady aerodynamic features of the S809 airfoil, such as the progression of separation from leading edge to trailing edge, the large trailing edge separation before stalling, the stall onset inception and the re‐attachment convection, and to provide some useful data for tuning/refining the semi‐empirical dynamic stall (DS) models, such as the Leishman–Beddoes DS model or its variations.Experimental results show that the S809 airfoil has a complicated DS process that renders this airfoil a challenge for any modeller of the unsteady airloads. The leading‐edge roughness has small effect on the static features, but significantly invokes earlier stall onset inception under dynamic conditions, while has small influence on the convective phase of the re‐establishment of fully attached flow. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gemischte Erdalkalimetall‐Aluminide “AIIAl2”
Authors: Jehle Michael , Wendorff Marco , Röhr Caroline 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMixed Alkaline Earth Aluminides “AIIAl2”Mixed alkaline earth aluminides near the composition A1IIxA2II1–xAl2 (AII = Ca, Sr, Ba) were synthesized from stoichiometric ratios of the elements in tantalum crucibles; their crystal structures were determined using single‐crystal X‐ray data. Starting from the binary cubic Laves phase CaAl2 (|:ABC:| stacking of aluminium Kagomé nets) up to 73 % of calcium can be replaced by strontium (Ca0.27Sr0.73Al2, cubic, space group , a = 821.2(2) pm; Z = 8, R1 = 0.0083). The new ternary compound Ca1.1Sr5.9Al13 (trigonal, space group , a = 582.35(3), c = 1655.2(2) pm, Z = 1, R1 = 0.0387) forms the structure type originally reported for ‘Ba7Al13’, which exhibits blocks of three Kagomé nets ABC as a section of the MgCu2 structure. Blocks of two connected Kagomé nets (Sr5Al9 structure type: trigonal, space group , Z = 3) are stable from a Sr proportion of approx. 90 % (Ca0.5Sr4.5Al9: a = 582.61(5), c = 3549.0(6) pm, R1 = 0.0512) through the binary Sr phase up to the barium substituted compound Sr3.9Ba1.1Al9 (a = 590.88(2), c = 3585.2(2) pm, R1 = 0.0212). This structure type is also observed on the Ca–Ba section i.e. at a comparable merged cation radius, between Ca3.3Ba1.7Al9 (a = 578.91(14), c = 3537.7(13) pm, R1 = 0.0462) and Ca2.6Ba2.4Al9 (a = 582.23(6), c = 3570.2(7) pm, R1 = 0.0309). Starting from the binary Ba compound Ba21Al40 (trigonal, space group P31m, Z = 1), only a small Ca (Ca1.9Ba19.1Al40: a = 1048.5(2), c = 1718.3(4) pm, R1 = 0.0624) and Sr substitution (Sr4.3Ba16.7Al40 (a = 1048.64(11), c = 1713.1(2) pm, R1 = 0.0242) is possible without a structure change. Also only a small amount of aluminium can be substituted by Ge (Ba21Al39.2Ge0.8: a = 1053.10(13), c = 1718.4(2) pm, R1 = 0.0576) or In (Ba21Al35.3In4.7: a = 1061.10(9), c = 1738.1(2) pm, R1 = 0.0569) in the latter structure. In this series of compounds near the composition AAl2, the radii of the cations appears to be the decisive element, that governs structure and to some extent even the composition. The available tolerances and the individual site distributions are discussed. For an electronic comparison, FP‐LAPW band structure calculations are performed for binary aluminides of all observed structure types and the results are compared to those of the simple electron counting methods.
Behavioral response of captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) to the death of silverbacks in multi‐male groups
Authors: Less Elena Hoellein , Lukas Kristen E. , Kuhar Christopher W. , Stoinski Tara S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn both free‐ranging and captive western lowland gorillas, a silverback provides protection and leadership, mediating conflict within a group. In the wild, when a dominant silverback dies the group will disperse or transfer to a solitary male, unless a subsequent male is present to inherit the group. In captivity, studies have focused on groups containing one male and therefore it is unclear how gorillas respond to the death or removal of a silverback in multi‐male groups. This study examined the behavior of a bachelor group (Cleveland Metroparks Zoo) and a multi‐male, mixed‐sex group (Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium) following the death of two older silverbacks in 2005. Both of the younger but dominant males maintained their same level of dominance after the death. We predicted that agonism would increase after the death as groups struggled for social stablility. We did observe an increase in both agonism and displacements among the bachelor group, but only observed an increase in displacements among the mixed‐sex group. Although we predicted that there would be no change in solitary behavior, both groups decreased feeding and the mixed‐sex group increased self‐directed behavior post‐death. In the bachelor group, self‐directed behavior decreased and undesirable behavior increased. We also observed a difference in spatial distance after the death with members of the mixed‐sex group becoming more dispersed and members of the bachelor group more converged. This study demonstrates that there is a period of transition for multi‐male groups after the death or removal of the oldest silverback. Future research could integrate physiological measures with behavioral analyses before and after the death or removal of a prominent member of the group. Zoo Biol 29:16–29, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A rapid and sensitive method for measuring cell adhesion
Authors: Lu Wanhua , McCallum Lynn , Irvine Alexandra E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have adapted the CyQuant® assay to provide a simple, rapid, sensitive and highly reproducible method for measuring cell adhesion. The modified CyQuant® assay eliminates the requirement for labour intensive fluorescent labelling protocols prior to experimentation and has the sensitivity to measure small numbers (>1000) of adherent cells.
Arthur Cowper Ranyard, Knowledge and the reproduction of astronomical photographs in the late nineteenth-century periodical press
Authors: MUSSELL JAMES 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe development of photographic reproduction in the late nineteenth century permitted images in a range of visual media to be published in the press. Focusing on the popular scientific monthly Knowledge, this paper explores the evidentiary status of reproductions of astronomical photographs. After succeeding its founder Richard Anthony Proctor in 1889, the new editor of Knowledge, Arthur Cowper Ranyard, introduced high-quality collotype reproductions into each number of the magazine. One of Ranyard's main interests was the structure of the Milky Way, evidence for which was only available through astronomical photographs. As Ranyard reproduced photographs in support of his arguments, he blurred the boundaries between the published collotype, the source negative and the astronomical phenomena themselves. Since each of these carried different evidentiary value, the confusion as to what, exactly, was under discussion did not go unremarked. While eminent astronomers disputed both Ranyard's arguments and the way in which they were presented, Knowledge disseminated both striking astronomical images and also a broader debate over how they should be interpreted.