bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervention for reducing the overuse of upper endoscopy in patients <45 years: a protocol for a stepwise intervention programme
Authors: Hernes Susanne Sorensen , Høiberg Mikkel , Gallefoss Frode , Thoresen Christian , Tjomsland Ole 
Published: April 2024

Utilisation rates for healthcare services vary widely both within and between nations. Moreover, healthcare providers with insurance-based reimbursement systems observe an effect of social determinants of health on healthcare utilisation rates and outcomes. Even in countries with publicly funded universal healthcare such as Norway, utilisation rates for medical and surgical interventions vary between and within health regions and hospitals.Most interventions targeting overuse and high utilisation rates are based on the assumption that knowledge of areas of unwarranted variation in healthcare automatically will lead to a reduction in unwarranted variation. Recommendations regarding how to reduce this variation are often not very detailed or prominent.This paper describes a protocol for reducing the overuse of upper endoscopy in a Norwegian health region. The protocol uses a combination of digital tools and psychological methods targeting behavioural change in order to alter healthcare workers’ approach to patient care.The aim of the planned intervention is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted set of interventions to reduce the overuse of upper endoscopy in patients under 45 years. A secondary aim is to evaluate the specific effect of the various parts of the intervention.
On-premises superconducting quantum computer for education and research
Authors: Rönkkö Jami , Ahonen Olli , Bergholm Ville , Calzona Alessio , Geresdi Attila , Heimonen Hermanni , Heinsoo Johannes , Milchakov Vladimir , Pogorzalek Stefan , Sarsby Matthew , Savytskyi Mykhailo , Seegerer Stefan , Šimkovic Fedor , Sriluckshmy P. V. , Vesanen Panu T. , Nakahara Mikio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith a growing interest in quantum technology globally, there is an increasing need for accessing relevant physical systems for education and research. In this paper we introduce a commercially available on-site quantum computer utilizing superconducting technology, offering insights into its fundamental hardware and software components. We show how this system can be used in education to teach quantum concepts and deepen understanding of quantum theory and quantum computing. It offers learning opportunities for future talent and contributes to technological progress. Additionally, we demonstrate its use in research by replicating some notable recent achievements.
Physical properties and power conversion efficiency of SrZrX3 (X=S and Se) chalcogenide perovskite solar cell
Authors: Pandit Naincy , Singh Rashmi , Kumar Anand , Joshi Tarun Kumar , Shukla Akash , Rani Upasana , Kamlesh Peeyush Kumar , Kumar Tanuj , Priyanka  , Verma Ajay Singh 
Published: April 2024

The search for efficient substances in energy conversion devices, which are low-cost, highly stable, and not hazardous to humanity has intensified among material scientists. Here, we have investigated the chalcogenide-based metal (Sr — strontium) perovskites in the context of developing materials. We have identified the electrical and optical features of these materials using the modified Becke–Johnson potential, revealing information about their nature. With computed values of 2.009[Formula: see text]eV for SrZrS3 and 1.096[Formula: see text]eV for SrZrSe3, respectively, they have shown to be direct bandgap semiconductors. We have also found that both materials exhibit transparency to the striking photon at low energy and demonstrate absorption and optical conduction in the UV region. These materials will be useful in thermoelectric devices because the transport property calculation shows that their figure of merit is unity at both low and high temperatures. In regard to applications, we determined the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) of SrZrS3 (SrZrSe3) and discovered that the efficiency increases from 6.3% to 22.3% (7.9% to 32%) when the film thickness is increased from 100[Formula: see text]nm to 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m at 300[Formula: see text]K, after that it stabilizes. This research shows that these materials ought to be utilized as an alert substance in the design of energy conversion products, and the proposed results are supported by experimental and other theoretical data. We suggest that these substances are strong contenders for use in power conversion equipment depending upon their optical and transport characteristics.
Quantum Control Machine: The Limits of Control Flow in Quantum Programming
Authors: Yuan Charles , Villanyi Agnes , Carbin Michael 
Published: April 2024

Quantum algorithms for tasks such as factorization, search, and simulation rely on control flow such as branching and iteration that depends on the value of data in superposition. High-level programming abstractions for control flow, such as switches, loops, higher-order functions, and continuations, are ubiquitous in classical languages. By contrast, many quantum languages do not provide high-level abstractions for control flow in superposition, and instead require the use of hardware-level logic gates to implement such control flow.
The reason for this gap is that whereas a classical computer supports control flow abstractions using a program counter that can depend on data, the typical architecture of a quantum computer does not analogously provide a program counter that can depend on data in superposition. As a result, the complete set of control flow abstractions that can be correctly realized on a quantum computer has not yet been established.
In this work, we provide a complete characterization of the properties of control flow abstractions that are correctly realizable on a quantum computer. First, we prove that even on a quantum computer whose program counter exists in superposition, one cannot correctly realize control flow in quantum algorithms by lifting the classical conditional jump instruction to work in superposition. This theorem denies the ability to directly lift general abstractions for control flow such as the λ-calculus from classical to quantum programming.
In response, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions for control flow to be correctly realizable on a quantum computer. We introduce the quantum control machine, an instruction set architecture featuring a conditional jump that is restricted to satisfy these conditions. We show how this design enables a developer to correctly express control flow in quantum algorithms using a program counter in place of logic gates.
PP-CSA: Practical Privacy-Preserving Software Call Stack Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhaoyu , Ma Pingchuan , Wang Huaijin , Wang Shuai 
Published: April 2024

Software call stack is a sequence of function calls that are executed during the runtime of a software program. Software call stack analysis (CSA) is widely used in software engineering to analyze the runtime behavior of software, which can be used to optimize the software performance, identify bugs, and profile the software. Despite the benefits of CSA, it has recently come under scrutiny due to concerns about privacy. To date, software is often deployed at user-side devices like mobile phones and smart watches. The collected call stacks may thus contain privacy-sensitive information, such as healthy information or locations, depending on the software functionality. Leaking such information to third parties may cause serious privacy concerns such as discrimination and targeted advertisement.
This paper presents PP-CSA, a practical and privacy-preserving CSA framework that can be deployed in real-world scenarios. Our framework leverages local differential privacy (LDP) as a principled privacy guarantee, to mutate the collected call stacks and protect the privacy of individual users. Furthermore, we propose several key design principles and optimizations in the technical pipeline of PP-CSA, including an encoder-decoder scheme to properly enforce LDP over software call stacks, and several client/server-side optimizations to largely improve the efficiency of PP-CSA. Our evaluation over real-world Java and Android programs shows that our privacy-preserving CSA pipeline can achieve high utility and privacy guarantees while maintaining high efficiency. We have released our implementation of PP-CSA as an open-source project at https://github.com/wangzhaoyu07/PP-CSA for results reproducibility. We will provide more detailed documents to support and the usage and extension of the community.
PDZ-Binding Kinase, a Novel Regulator of Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Bordan Zsuzsanna , Batori Robert K. , Haigh Stephen , Li Xueyi , Meadows Mary Louise , Brown Zach L. , West Madison A. , Dong Kunzhe , Han Weihong , Su Yunchao , Ma Qian , Huo Yuqing , Zhou Jiliang , Abdelbary Mahmoud , Sullivan Jennifer C. , Weintraub Neal L. , Stepp David W. , Chen Feng , Barman Scott A. , Fulton David J.R. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is high blood pressure in the lungs that originates from structural changes in small resistance arteries. A defining feature of PAH is the inappropriate remodeling of pulmonary arteries (PA) leading to right ventricle failure and death. Although treatment of PAH has improved, the long-term prognosis for patients remains poor, and more effective targets are needed.

METHODS:
Gene expression was analyzed by microarray, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunostaining of lung and isolated PA in multiple mouse and rat models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and human PAH. PH was assessed by digital ultrasound, hemodynamic measurements, and morphometry.

RESULTS:
Microarray analysis of the transcriptome of hypertensive rat PA identified a novel candidate, PBK (PDZ-binding kinase), that was upregulated in multiple models and species including humans. PBK is a serine/threonine kinase with important roles in cell proliferation that is minimally expressed in normal tissues but significantly increased in highly proliferative tissues. PBK was robustly upregulated in the medial layer of PA, where it overlaps with markers of smooth muscle cells. Gain-of-function approaches show that active forms of PBK increase PA smooth muscle cell proliferation, whereas silencing PBK, dominant negative PBK, and pharmacological inhibitors of PBK all reduce proliferation. Pharmacological inhibitors of PBK were effective in PH reversal strategies in both mouse and rat models, providing translational significance. In a complementary genetic approach, PBK was knocked out in rats using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and loss of PBK prevented the development of PH. We found that PBK bound to PRC1 (protein regulator of cytokinesis 1) in PA smooth muscle cells and that multiple genes involved in cytokinesis were upregulated in experimental models of PH and human PAH. Active PBK increased PRC1 phosphorylation and supported cytokinesis in PA smooth muscle cells, whereas silencing or dominant negative PBK reduced cytokinesis and the number of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.

CONCLUSIONS:
PBK is a newly described target for PAH that is upregulated in proliferating PA smooth muscle cells, where it contributes to proliferation through changes in cytokinesis and cell cycle dynamics to promote medial thickening, fibrosis, increased PA resistance, elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular remodeling, and PH.
Representing Context and Priority in Working Memory
Authors: Wan Quan , Ardalan Adel , Fulvio Jacqueline M. , Postle Bradley R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The ability to prioritize among contents in working memory (WM) is critical for successful control of thought and behavior. Recent work has demonstrated that prioritization in WM can be implemented by representing different states of priority in different representational formats. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying WM prioritization by simulating the double serial retrocuing task with recurrent neural networks. Visualization of stimulus representational dynamics using principal component analysis revealed that the network represented trial context (order of presentation) and priority via different mechanisms. Ordinal context, a stable property lasting the duration of the trial, was accomplished by segregating representations into orthogonal subspaces. Priority, which changed multiple times during a trial, was accomplished by separating representations into different strata within each subspace. We assessed the generality of these mechanisms by applying dimensionality reduction and multiclass decoding to fMRI and EEG data sets and found that priority and context are represented differently along the dorsal visual stream and that behavioral performance is sensitive to trial-by-trial variability of priority coding, but not context coding.
Commemorating 50 Years of Publication of Small Is Beautiful by E. F. Schumacher: Adding Women to “Small = Beautiful”
Authors: Varma Roli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fifty years ago, Schumacher in his celebrated book, Small Is Beautiful, argued that the Western model of mass production, which relies on high-cost, capital-intensive, and labor-saving technology, was not suitable for developing countries to improve their economic conditions and living standards. Instead, Schumacher proposed an alternative path of development that emphasized low-cost, small-scale, and labor-intensive technology. Considering persistent unemployment in developing countries, Schumacher’s model of alternative development remains relevant for the vast majority of their people. However, he failed to include women in his model and held traditional views on gender roles. His understanding of the economic role of women did not align with the women’s movements, which sought equal access to education and employment. By using a case study of India, this article argues that it is often poor women who are the “agents” of Small Is Beautiful. Through low-cost small businesses, they are uplifting themselves and their families out of poverty and contributing to society’s well-being.
Thucydides Trap Revisited
Authors: Lorci Enescan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study explores the ideological aspect of the US-China cyberspace competition and its potential impact on global cyber-stability. The research employs the ‘Thucydides Trap’ concept as an analytical lens through which to scrutinize the dynamics characterizing US-China relations in the cyberspace. This analysis delves into the intricate interplay between an ascendant yet discontent challenger (China) and a preeminent and apprehensive dominant power (the US) in cyberspace. While risks are acknowledged due to strained communication and ideological competition, the study suggests that shared interests in cyberspace stability could prevent the two powers falling into the Thucydides Trap. The outcome hinges on future actions by both countries’ leadership.
An Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Synergy between Profiles of Aircraft-Based Observations and Operational Radiosonde Reports over the United States
Authors: Wagner Timothy J. , Petersen Ralph A. , Mamrosh Richard D. , Gerth Jordan , Marshall Curtis H. , O’Sullivan James M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aircraft-based observations (ABOs) are an important component of the global observation system. Observations of pressure, temperature, and wind are obtained from thousands of routine commercial flights daily via the Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) program, while a subset of approximately 145 aircraft globally (and 135 within the conterminous United States) also produces observations of water vapor from the Water Vapor Sensing System–II (WVSS–II). Aircraft equipped with WVSS–II provide the basic parameters as radiosonde observations throughout most of the troposphere, often at higher temporal and spatial frequency. Since these aircraft are operated according to the demands of passenger and cargo, the availability of aircraft profiles varies significantly in space and time, with more profiles during daytime and early evening than overnight, more profiles on weekdays than weekends, and more during the summer months. The number of available profiles was significantly impacted by reductions in travel during the COVID-19 pandemic but has recovered substantially. The potential for aircraft profiles to support the operational radiosonde network is explored, including the effect of various spatial and temporal matching criteria. Radiosonde launches at 0000 UTC that are well aligned with aircraft profiles are found across the conterminous United States, but well-covered 1200 UTC launches are strongly biased to the east. ABO coverage of asynoptic launch times is also explored. The busiest sites usually have multiple compatible aircraft profiles at both synoptic and asynoptic times. This redundancy lends robustness to the observation network and enables forecasters to monitor atmospheric evolution more continuously throughout the day.

Significance Statement
Some commercial aircraft make the same observations as weather balloons, but there is not a good record of how frequently these observations are made at specific locations. This paper does a census of where the airplane profile observations are most likely to be found and shows where they are duplicating weather balloon observations and where they are filling in the gaps in the weather balloon network.
Level III Trauma Centers Achieve Comparable Outcomes in Blunt Splenic Injury as Level I Centers
Authors: Jensen Stephanie , Wu Chiung , Simmons Camille , Green John , Sing Ronald , Thomas Bradley , Torres Fajardo Rafael 
Published: April 2024

Introduction Identifying patients who can be safely managed in lower-level trauma centers is critical to avoid overburdening level I centers. This study examines the transfer patterns and outcomes of blunt splenic injury (BSI) patients cared for at 2 regional level III trauma centers as compared to an associated level I center. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all trauma patients with BSI admitted to 2 level III trauma centers (TC3) and a level I center (TC1) between 2012 and 2022. Patients were broken into 3 categories: TC1, TC3, and transfer patients (transferred from TC3 to TC1). Results A total of 1480 patients were admitted to TC1, 208 patients to TC3, and 128 were transferred. 22.7% of transfer patients were children. No difference in splenic injury grade was seen between patients managed at TC1 and TC3. Patients presenting to TC1 had more severe concomitant injuries. Patients underwent urgent splenectomy at similar rates at TC1 and TC3 (15.1 vs 18.7%, P = .1). Successful nonoperative management was achieved at similar rates (81.3 vs 75.5%, P = .1). When controlling for ISS and ED disposition, there was no significant difference in length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, and inpatient mortality between TC1 and TC3. Conclusion Level III centers effectively managed BSI achieving comparable outcomes to the level 1 center. Transfers commonly occurred in pediatric and multisystem trauma patients, though high-grade splenic injuries were not predictive of transfer. High-grade BSI can be safely managed at level III centers without need for transfer.
A longitudinal study of the impacts of a stay in a Prevention and Recovery Care service in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Brophy Lisa , Fletcher Justine , Dawadi Shrinkhala , Reece John , Edan Vrinda , Enticott Joanne , Farhall John , Fossey Ellie , Hamilton Bridget , Harvey Carol , Meadows Graham , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Morrisroe Emma , Newton Richard , Palmer Victoria , Vine Ruth , Waks Shifra , Pirkis Jane 
Published: April 2024

Background: Prevention and Recovery Care services are residential sub-acute services in Victoria, Australia, guided by a commitment to recovery-oriented practice. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of this service model is limited, largely relying on small, localised evaluations. This study involved a state-wide investigation into the personal recovery, perceived needs for care, well-being and quality-of-life outcomes experienced by Prevention and Recovery Care services’ consumers. Methods: A longitudinal cohort design examined the trajectory of self-reported personal recovery and other outcomes for consumers in 19 Victorian Prevention and Recovery Care services over 4 time points (T1 – 1 week after admission; T2 – within 1 week of discharge; T3 – 6 months after discharge; T4 – 12 months after discharge). T2–T4 time frames were extended by approximately 3 weeks due to recruitment challenges. The Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery was the primary outcome measure. Results: At T1, 298 consumers were recruited. By T4, 114 remained in the study. Participants scored higher on the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery at all three time points after T1. There were also sustained improvements on all secondary outcome measures. Improvements were then sustained at each subsequent post-intervention time point. Community inclusion and having needs for care met also improved. Conclusion: The findings provide a consistent picture of benefits for consumers using Prevention and Recovery Care services, with significant improvement in personal recovery, quality of life, mental health and well-being following an admission to a Prevention and Recovery Care service. Further attention needs to be given to how to sustain the gains made through a Prevention and Recovery Care service admission in the long term.
The community health worker experience and perception toward mental illness: A multi-settings cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Marthoenis Marthoenis , Fitryasari Rizki , Martina Martina , Hidayati Husna , Sari Hasmila , Warsini Sri 
Published: April 2024

Background: The experiences and perceptions of Community Health Workers toward mental illness are vital for tailoring interventions, reducing stigma, improving access to services, and fostering community engagement in mental health initiatives. Aims: This study investigates the experiences of community health worker and their perception of mental illness. Methods: A multi-settings cross-sectional study was conducted among 487 Community Health Workers. Their experience and perception toward mental illness were studied with questionnaires, which examined their general perception, religious-related perception, cause, treatment, and expectation for mental treatment. Results: Most participants concurred that serving as a community health worker enhances their communication abilities (90.4%), strengthens connections with community health center staff (84.8%), boosts self-confidence (84.6%), and refines their capacity to identify signs of mental disorders (77%). Most notably, they consider their fellow community health workers essential to their extended family. Furthermore, a notable proportion associates’ mental illness with religious elements, with 19.5% believing it can result from a lack of religious worship and a minority attributing it to witchcraft or black magic (3.5%). In terms of treatment, 14.2% think Ruqyah can cure mental illness, 6.4% believe in treatment by religious scholars, and a similar percentage (6.4%) think no medication or treatment is necessary for mental problems. Conclusion: Participants overwhelmingly recognize the positive impact of serving as community health workers, citing improvements in communication, relationships with health center staff, self-confidence, and mental disorder identification. The strong bond among community health workers, likened to an extended family, emphasizes their collective importance. Additionally, the majority advocates for compassionate treatment of individuals with mental illness. These findings underscore the complex interplay of professional, communal, and cultural elements in addressing community mental health.