bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Eight‐Membered and Larger Rings
Authors: Newkome George R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Six‐Membered Ring Systems — Pyridine and Benzo Derivatives
Authors: Hopper Darrin W. , Kutterer Kristina M. K. , Crombie Aimee L. , Clemens Jeremy J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems with O and S (Se, Te) Atoms
Authors: Aitken R. Alan , Power Lynn A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems with More than One N Atom
Authors: Yet Larry 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Transformations of 2‐Methyleneaziridines and 2‐Methyleneazetidines
Authors: Tehrani Kourosch Abbaspour , De Kimpe Norbert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Thiophenes and Se (Te) Analogues
Authors: Janosik Tomasz , Bergman Jan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinformatic Perspectives on NRPS/PKS Megasynthases: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Jenke‐Kodama Holger , Dittmann Elke 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Blue Flower Color Development by Anthocyanins: From Chemical Structure to Cell Physiology
Authors: Yoshida Kumi , Mori Mihoko , Kondo Tadao 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Biology of Nontetramic γ‐Hydroxy‐γ‐lactams and γ‐Alkylidene‐γ‐lactams from Natural Sources
Authors: Nay Bastien , Riache Nassima , Evanno Laurent 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosolids Composting
Authors: Shammas Nazih K. , Wang Lawrence K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum Monte Carlo for Atoms, Molecules and Solids
Authors: Lester William A. , Mitas Lubos , Hammond Brian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Insights into Nonribosomal Peptide Enzymatic Assembly Lines
Authors: Koglin Alexander , Walsh Christopher T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Layer‐by‐Layer Liquid‐Phase Epitaxy of Crystalline Coordination Polymers at Surfaces
Authors: Fischer Roland A. , Woell Christof 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Insulin – Protein mit langer Geschichte. Der Schlüssel zur Diabetes‐Therapie
Authors: Meichsner Beate , Wirth Uwe 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDas Hormon Insulin ist seit langem sowohl von wissenschaftlichem als auch von industriellem Interesse. So stand es zweimal im direkten Zusammenhang mit dem Nobelpreis. 1923 wurden Frederick Banting und John James Richard Macleod für die Entdeckung des Insulins mit dem Nobelpreis für Medizin geehrt und 1958 erhielt Frederik Sanger den Nobelpreis für Chemie für die Strukturaufklärung des Hormons. Insulin war das erste Protein, dessen chemische und räumliche Struktur aufgeklärt werden konnte und es war das erste mit Hilfe von gentechnisch modifizierten Mikroorganismen hergestellte Arzneimittel. Das aufwändige biotechnologische Verfahren macht seit den 1980er Jahren die Insulinherstellung unabhängig von tierischen Pankreaten, die für die weltweit wachsende Zahl an Diabetikern nicht in ausreichendem Umfang zur Verfügung gestanden hätten.
Unverzichtbar gegen Bakterien: Antibiotika. 80 Jahre Verwendung von Antibiotika in der Medizin
Authors: Meinert Sabine , John Ernst 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAuch 80 Jahre nach der Entdeckung von Penicillin ist die Forschung nach neuen Antibiotika noch nicht abgeschlossen. Zunehmendes Auftreten von Resistenzen gegenüber den verwendeten Antibiotika erfordern einen verantwortungsvollen Einsatz bekannter Anibiotika und die Entwicklung verbesserter Medikamente. Mittlerweile existieren 8000 antibiotisch wirksame Substanzen, von denen ca. 100 in der Medizin angewandt werden. Trotzdem gibt es zahlreiche Infektionen, die nicht ausreichend behandelt werden können.Antibiotika werden in der Human‐ und Veterinärmedizin eingesetzt. Der bedenkliche Einsatz als Ergotropika, um die Infektionsraten von Masttieren zu vermindern und die Futterverwertung der Tiere zu steigern, konnte in den letzten Jahren zurückgedrängt werden.Die teils unsachgemäße Anwendung erzeugt einen selektiven Druck, der Resistenzen bei den Erregern hervorruft. Ihr bedrohlicher Einfluss auf die Therapie vor allem gramnegativer Bakterien könnten manche Teile der Welt in eine präantibiotische Ära zurückversetzen, da sich adäquate Therapiemöglichkeiten zunehmend verringern. Dies unterstreicht wiederum die Wichtigkeit neue Antibiotika bzw. neue Therapieansätze zu entwickeln. Ideen dazu gibt es genug.
Kegelschnecken als Fundgrube neuer Wirkstoffe. Medizin aus dem Meer
Authors: Terlau Heinrich 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEin wichtiger Schritt bei der Entwicklung neuer Medikamente ist die Identifizierung von Substanzen mit neuen, krankheitsrelevanten Wirkmechanismen. Diese Substanzen können dann als Leitstrukturen Ausgangspunkt für die Weiterentwicklung dieser Substanzgruppe zum eigentlichen Medikament sein. Eine der Strategien, neue Substanzen mit bisher unbekannten Wirkmechanismen zu finden, ist, in der Natur nach biologisch aktiven Verbindungen zu suchen und den Mechanismus dieser Wirkungen zu untersuchen. Ein Beispiel für dieses “Lernen aus der Natur” ist die Analyse der Wirkungsweise der Gifte von den räuberisch im Meer lebenden Kegelschnecken.Die Gifte der Kegelschnecken bestehen aus einer außerordentlichen Vielzahl von Peptiden, den Conopeptiden, von denen die einzelnen Peptide als absolute Spezialisten hochspezifisch mit verschiedenen Ionenkanälen und Rezeptoren interagieren. Ionenkanäle und Rezeptoren sind membrangebundene Proteine, die praktisch in allen Zellen vorkommen und an den verschiedensten physiologischen Prozessen beteiligt sind. Aufgrund ihrer Bedeutung für die elektrische Erregbarkeit von Zellen sind Ionenkanäle häufig Zielmoleküle von Giften. Verschiedene Conopeptide befinden sich bereits in der klinischen Erprobung und das analgetisch wirkende Peptid ω‐Conotoxin MVIIA (Ziconotide; Prialt®) ist eines der ersten zugelassenen Medikamente aus einem marinen Naturstoff.
Neues vom Malaria‐Erreger
Authors: Harrer Roswitha 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDie jüngst in Kambodscha entdeckte Resistenz des Malaria‐Erregers Plasmodium falciparum gegen Artemisinin‐Derivate lässt Mediziner Alarm schlagen. Zu Artemisinin gibt es nämlich keine Alternative.
Adiabatic shock capturing in perfect gas hypersonic flows
Authors: Kirk Benjamin S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper considers the streamline‐upwind Petrov/Galerkin (SUPG) method applied to the compressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations in conservation‐variable form. The spatial discretization, including a modified approach for interpolating the inviscid flux terms in the SUPG finite element formulation, is briefly reviewed. Of particular interest is the behavior of the shock‐capturing operator, which is required to regularize the scheme in the presence of strong, shock‐induced gradients. A standard shock‐capturing operator that has been widely used in previous studies by several authors is presented and discussed. Specific modifications are then made to this standard operator that is designed to produce a more physically consistent discretization in the presence of strong shock waves. The actual implementation of the term in a finite‐dimensional approximation is also discussed. The behavior of the standard and modified scheme is then compared for several supersonic/hypersonic flows. The modified shock‐capturing operator is found to preserve enthalpy in the inviscid portion of the flowfield substantially better than the standard operator. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Saffron yellow: characterization of carotenoids by high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Lech Katarzyna , Witowska‐Jarosz Janina , Jarosz Maciej 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSaffron is one of the oldest natural dyestuffs and is obtained from the dried stigmata of Crocus sativus L. Nowadays, saffron is considered as an invaluable spice of golden‐yellow hue, a precious ingredient in the Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines. It is characterized by a bitter taste that is caused by the chemical properties of its constituents. The yellowness of saffron results from the presence of crocins (glycosyl esters of crocetin), its main color compounds, which are examined in the present study in the crude methanol extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with spectrophotometric and electrospray mass spectrometric detection (HPLC–UV‐Vis–ESI MS). This technique allowed the separation and identification of trans‐ and cis‐isomers of crocins. Their mass spectra registered in the negative ion mode comprised the quasi‐molecular and fragment ions, as well as a range of other ions. Doubly charged ions were found for trans‐isomers only, due to the high symmetry of their molecules. Modification of the eluent allowed the identification of several signals corresponding to adduct ions of crocins with the used additives. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical and nutritional quality of silage made from raw or cooked lizard fish (Saurida undosquamis) and blue crab (Portunus pelagicus)
Authors: Mach Diep TN , Nortvedt Ragnar 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwelve silages were prepared from uncooked or cooked lizard fish (Saurida undosquamis) and blue crab (Portunus pelagicus) and stored at ambient temperature (30 ± 2 °C) for 60 days. The antioxidative effect of adding ethoxyquin was also investigated. Generally, the nutritional quality of all the silages was stable for up to 60 days of storage and the composition of raw materials was reflected in the composition of the silages. Crab had a lower level of crude protein than fish (85 versus 162 mg kg−1), but a higher level of ash (96 versus 36 g kg−1); moreover, there were significant differences in nutritional composition between uncooked and cooked materials. High level of ash in crab required addition of high levels of formic acid in crab‐related silages. At the end of the experiment cooked silages showed a tendency for spoilage; in particular, maggots were observed in cooked crab silages on the last few days of the experiment. Comparison of treatments with or without ethoxyquin showed that only rancidity of fish silage groups was higher without addition of ethoxyquin. Uncooked materials are more suitable for prolonged storage than cooked materials, and it is probably not necessary to add antioxidants to silages made from material with low lipid content. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Scaling of transient wave–soil interaction problems
Authors: Xiao Heng , Young Yin Lu , Prévost Jean H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWithin the framework of compressible multi‐phase flow through deformable porous media, wave–soil interactions in the near‐shore region during wave runup and drawdown are modeled. Critical non‐dimensional parameters governing the interaction processes are identified. Within the context of wave basin and centrifuge wave tank facilities, we propose scaling relations for the experimental investigations of the transient and steady‐state responses of wave–soil systems. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate and confirm the theoretical and scaling analyses. Based on the simulations results, the implications on the design of experiments and interpretation of results are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity analyses of FORM‐based and DRM‐based performance measure approach (PMA) for reliability‐based design optimization (RBDO)
Authors: Lee Ikjin , Choi K. K. , Gorsich David 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn gradient‐based design optimization, the sensitivities of the constraint with respect to the design variables are required. In reliability‐based design optimization (RBDO), the probabilistic constraint is evaluated at the most probable point (MPP), and thus the sensitivities of the probabilistic constraints at MPP are required. This paper presents the rigorous analytic derivation of the sensitivities of the probabilistic constraint at MPP for both first‐order reliability method (FORM)‐based performance measure approach (PMA) and dimension reduction method (DRM)‐based PMA. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate that the analytic sensitivities agree very well with the sensitivities obtained from the finite difference method (FDM). However, as the sensitivity calculation at the true DRM‐based MPP requires the second‐order derivatives and additional MPP search, the sensitivity derivation at the approximated DRM‐based MPP, which does not require the second‐order derivatives and additional MPP search to find the DRM‐based MPP, is proposed in this paper. A convergence study illustrates that the sensitivity at the approximated DRM‐based MPP converges to the sensitivity at the true DRM‐based MPP as the design approaches the optimum design. Hence, the sensitivity at the approximated DRM‐based MPP is proposed to be used for the DRM‐based RBDO to enhance the efficiency of the optimization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐linear dynamic analyses by meshless local Petrov–Galerkin formulations
Authors: Soares D. , Sladek J. , Sladek V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this work, meshless methods based on the local Petrov–Galerkin approach are proposed for the solution of dynamic problems considering elastic and elastoplastic materials. Formulations adopting the Heaviside step function and the Gaussian weight function as the test functions in the local weak form are considered. The moving least‐square method is used for the approximation of physical quantities in the local integral equations. After spatial discretization is carried out, a non‐linear system of ordinary differential equations of second order is obtained. This system is solved by Newmark/Newton–Raphson techniques. At the end of the paper numerical results are presented, illustrating the potentialities of the proposed methodologies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐step separation and purification of rupestonic acid and chrysosptertin B from Artemisia rupestris L. by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Yang Yi , Gu Dongyu , Yili Abulimiti , Zhao Yongxin , He Dajun , Aisa Haji Akber 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Artemisia rupestris L. is a well‐known traditional Chinese medicinal plant in Xinjiang. Rupestonic acid is the main active ingredient of A. rupestris L., and has been chosen as a ‘marker compound’ for the chemical evaluation or quality control of A. rupestris L. and its products. Although HSCCC separation method was developed before, the separation was performed with two steps using the same solvent system, which were time‐consuming and waste of the solvents.Objective – To develop a simple HSCCC method for the separation and purification of rupestonic acid in a single run.Methodology – The measurement of partition coefficient (K) was introduced to select the two‐phase solvent system. The simple HSCCC method was established according to the selected solvent system for separation and purification of rupestonic acid. The purity of target compound was test by HPLC and the structure was identified by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR.Results – A total of 72.3 mg of rupestonic acid and 53.5 mg of chrysosptertin B with over 95% purity were yielded from 500 mg extracts of Artemisia rupestris L. in one‐step separation.Conclusion – The rupestonic acid was separated in a single run by HSCCC. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optoelectronic performance of poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)‐based heterostructures evaluated by scanning probe techniques
Authors: Čermák Jan , Rezek Bohuslav , Cimrová Věra , Výprachtický Drahomír , Hörhold Hans‐Heinrich , Ledinský Martin , Fejfar Antonín 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThin polymer blend films made of donor and acceptor poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV)‐based polymers were prepared. Diverse scanning probe techniques (atomic force microscopy (AFM), Kelvin force microscopy (KFM), current‐sensing AFM (CS‐AFM), and micro‐Raman mapping) are used to characterize morphologic, electronic as well as optoelectronic properties of the heterostructures. Morphologies of the heterostructures are correlated with microscopic and macroscopic electronic response to a broad‐band visible illumination. The data are discussed with respect to photovoltaic applications.
Temperature modification of oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes studied by electron spectroscopy methods
Authors: Lesiak Beata , Zemek Josef , Jiricek Petr , Stobinski Leszek 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer interesting applications in nanotechnology, biochemistry, biomedicine, catalysis, electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemistry, and sensor technologies. They could also be used as a filler for metallic nanoparticle composites prepared at elevated temperatures by sintering. In the present work the oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (ox‐MWCNTs) are investigated. The aim is their characterization after oxidation reaction, investigation of their temperature stability and the influence of temperature modification on the structural and chemical changes in the atomic bonding state during annealing. The ox‐MWCNTs are studied in the temperature range from RT (25 °C) to 150 °C by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES), elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES), quadrupole mass spectroscopy (QMS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. The FTIR and XPS results indicate the presence of water, carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, ester, and acid anhydride groups in the bulk and at the surface. Annealing decreases the oxygen content (from 12.4 to 9.8 at.%), accompanied by increasing amount of C sp2 groups (from 63 to 74%), indicating the reconstruction of C bonds. For the applied temperature range increasing content of water is observed, whereas decreasing content of other carbon–oxygen groups, i.e., carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, ester, and acid anhydride. This decrease undergoes with different rate. The QMS at 150 °C showing the largest contribution of CO2, indicates major desorption of oxygen groups from the edges of ox‐MWCNTs, whereas desorption of oxygen from the bridges visible as CO is minor. The surface structural changes in EPES spectra at the temperature of 150 °C confirm increasing surface imperfection. The proposed method of chemical oxidation also results in significant elimination of amorphous carbon and metallic residues from as prepared MWCNTs.magnified image
The TEM image of ox‐MWCNTs.
Investigations of N@C60 and N@C70 stability under high pressure and high temperature conditions
Authors: Iwasiewicz‐Wabnig Agnieszka , Porfyrakis Kyriakos , Briggs G. Andrew D. , Sundqvist Bertil 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEndohedral fullerenes encapsulating single nitrogen atoms (N@C60 and N@C70) are spin active, due to the presence of unpaired nitrogen electron spins. High reactivity of nitrogen leads to a poor stability of these molecules at elevated temperatures, drastically restricting possibilities of their chemical treatment. In this study, N@C60 and N@C70 in toluene solutions were subjected to high pressure (HP) up to 0.8 GPa and annealed for 1, 2, 10 or 24 h, at either room or elevated temperatures. In each case the number of surviving molecules was evaluated based on the relative spin counts of ex situ EPR spectra obtained before and after the treatment. The enhanced thermal stability of N@C60 and N@C70 under HP conditions is attributed to inhibited formation of azabridges, which under normal pressure facilitate the escape of nitrogen from the fullerene cage.