bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success Story of Radar Technology in Automotive Applications
Authors: Meinecke Marc-Michael , Jerhot Jiři 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe radar technology has a long history of over more than one century. In contrast to this its application in the automotive domain is a quite young activity. The enablers of this relatively new research field are presented in this article from a car manufacturers perspective covering aspects of signal processing algorithms, hardware and driver assistance applications.
Highly Integrated Radar Sensor-on-Chip
Authors: Mende Ralph 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA highly integrated 24 GHz radar sensor is presented, based on a Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) which was specifically developed for a Frequency Modulated Shift Keying (FMSK) based Radar system design. Antenna, waveform, the Radio Frequency (RF) and Digital Signal Processor (DSP) module, the software design, cost and performance aspects will be described. The significant technical and economical advantages of the implemented Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) Bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS) transceiver are demonstrated. Some automotive and other applications based on this technology and new radar system design will be explained.
„Neues und Kontroverses zur Blutglukosemessung bei der Diabetesdiagnostik: Konsequenzen der aktualisierten DDG- und AWMF-Leitlinien“/“Blood glucose measurement for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: new and controversial consequences of updated DDG and AWMF guidelines”
Authors: Koschinsky Theodor , Luppa Peter B. 
Published: May 2012

Zusammenfassung
Für die Durchführung und Bewertung der Blutglukose (BG)-Messung bei der primären Diabetesdiagnostik sind neue DDG (Deutsche Diabetes-Gesellschaft)- und AWMF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften)-Leitlinien-Standards festgelegt worden. Diese betreffen folgende Bereiche: Abgrenzung zur HbA1c-Messung; diagnostische BG-Grenzwerte nur noch aus venösem Plasma mit Ausschluss von Kapillarblut; präanalytisch optimierte Glykolysehemmung als sofortige, patientennahe Glukosemessung. Erstmals sind BG-Messungen auch mit geeigneten Unit-Use-Reagenzien und zugehörigen Messsystemen durchführbar, einschließlich externer Qualitätssicherung auch im niedergelassenen Bereich. Die Leitlinien gelten aber nur bei Screening und Diagnostik des Gestationsdiabetes (GDM). Mit dem aktuellen Beschluss des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses, generell bei allen Schwangeren die Durchführung der GDM-Diagnostik auf Kosten der Krankenkassen zu empfehlen, ist bei über 600.000 Schwangeren/Jahr in Deutschland zu erwarten, dass dieses diagnostische Prozedere nach den neuen Leitlinienvorgaben deutlich ausgeweitet werden wird. Bei der Umsetzung des Beschlusses des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses wird die Kompetenz der Labormedizin nicht nur im analytischen, sondern auch im präanalytisch-logistischen Bereich bei der Zusammenarbeit mit den niedergelassenen Ärzten einzusetzen sein.
Labordiagnostik bei Wachstumshormon-assoziierten Erkrankungen/Biochemical diagnosis of growth hormone related diseases
Authors: Bidlingmaier Martin 
Published: May 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Krankheitsbilder des Wachstumshormonmangels und des Wachstumshormonexzesses imponieren klinisch unterschiedlich vor und nach dem Abschluss des Längenwachstums. Stets jedoch bilden die Messung der zirkulierenden Konzentrationen von Wachstumshormon und Insulinartigem Wachstumsfaktor I (Insulin-like growth-factor I, IGF-I) die Basis der laborchemischen Diagnostik. Mit den Immunoassays stehen praktikable, sensitive und meist auch spezifische Methoden zur Messung beider Hormone zur Verfügung. Trotzdem bestehen nach wie vor gravierende Diskrepanzen zwischen den Messergebnissen verschiedener Assays. Diese Diskrepanzen sind vor allem bedingt durch Unterschiede in der Isoformspezifität der Assays, die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Standardpräparationen sowie die Interferenz von Bindungsproteinen. Die methodenbedingten Unterschiede in den Messergebnissen erschweren die allgemeine Anwendung publizierter diagnostischer Entscheidungsgrenzen. Auf einer interdisziplinären Konsensuskonferenz unter Beteiligung der Growth Hormone Research Society, der IGF Society, und der International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) wurden die bestehenden Probleme analysiert und mögliche Strategien zu einer Verbesserung der Vergleichbarkeit der Messergebnisse verschiedener GH- und IGF-I-Assays aufgezeigt. Derzeit bleibt jedoch in der klinischen Praxis die Anwendung methodenspezifischer, an gut charakterisierten Kollektiven gewonnener Referenzbereiche unabdingbar.
Medication Adherence Among Latino and Non-Latino White Children With Asthma
Authors: McQuaid Elizabeth L. , Everhart Robin S. , Seifer Ronald , Kopel Sheryl J. , Mitchell Daphne Koinis , Klein Robert B. , Esteban Cynthia A. , Fritz Gregory K. , Canino Glorisa 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Latino children of Caribbean descent remain at high risk for poorly controlled asthma. Controller medications improve asthma control; however, medication adherence remains suboptimal, particularly among minorities. This study assessed socioeconomic, family-based, and parent factors in medication adherence among children with asthma from Rhode Island (RI; Latino and non-Latino white [NLW]) and Puerto Rico.

METHODS:
Data collection occurred as part of a multicenter study of asthma disparities. Our sample included children (ages 7–16) prescribed objectively monitored controller medications (n = 277; 80 island Puerto Rico, 114 RI Latino, 83 RI NLW). Parents completed questionnaires regarding family background and beliefs about medications. Families participated in an interview regarding asthma management. Multilevel analyses (maximum likelihood estimates) accounting for children being nested within site and ethnic group assessed the contribution of social context, family, and parent variables to medication adherence.

RESULTS:
Medication adherence differed by ethnic group (F2, 271 = 7.46, P &lt; .01), with NLW families demonstrating the highest levels of adherence. Multilevel models indicated that parental beliefs about medication necessity and family organization regarding medication use were significant predictors of adherence, even for families below the poverty threshold. With family factors in the model, a substantial improvement in model fit occurred (Akaike Information Criterion change of 103.45).

CONCLUSIONS:
Adherence to controller medications was lower among Latino children in our sample. Targeted interventions that capitalize on existing family resources, emphasize structure, and address parental beliefs about the importance of medications may be of benefit to families from different cultural backgrounds.
Effectiveness and Cost of Immunization Recall at School-Based Health Centers
Authors: Kempe Allison , Barrow Jennifer , Stokley Shannon , Saville Alison , Glazner Judith E. , Suh Christina , Federico Steven , Abrams Lisa , Seewald Laura , Beaty Brenda , Daley Matthew F. , Dickinson L. Miriam 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Effectiveness of recall for immunizations has not been examined in the setting of school-based health centers (SBHCs). We assessed (1) immunization rates achieved with recall among sixth-grade girls (demonstration study); (2) effectiveness of recall among sixth-grade boys (randomized controlled trial [RCT]); and (3) cost of conducting recall in SBHCs.

METHODS:
During October 2008 through March 2009, in 4 Denver public SBHCs, we conducted (1) a demonstration study among 265 girls needing ≥1 recommended adolescent vaccine and (2) an RCT among 264 boys needing vaccines, with half randomized to recall and half receiving usual care. Immunization rates for recommended adolescent vaccines were assessed 6 months after recall. First dose costs were assessed by direct observation and examining invoices.

RESULTS:
At the end of the demonstration study, 77% of girls had received ≥1 vaccine and 45% had received all needed adolescent vaccines. Rates of receipt among those needing each of the vaccines were 68% (160/236) for tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine, 57% (142/248) for quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, and 59% (149/253) for the first human papillomavirus vaccine. At the end of the RCT, 66% of recalled boys had received ≥1 vaccine and 59% had received all study vaccines, compared with 45% and 36%, respectively, of the control group (P &lt; .001). Cost of conducting recall ranged from $1.12 to $6.87 per recalled child immunized.

CONCLUSIONS:
SBHC-based recall was effective in improving immunization rates for all adolescent vaccines, with effects sizes exceeding those achieved with younger children in practice settings.
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders in Infancy
Authors: Pappas Barbara 
Published: May 2012

Certain primary immunodeficiency disorders may become evident during the first year of life. These disorders are characterized by recurrent infections. Prompt diagnosis is necessary, for infants may suffer significant morbidity and mortality. A basic knowledge of host defense mechanisms, including the natural and humoral systems, is essential to the understanding of immunodeficiency disorders.This article discusses the clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment strategies available to infants with primary immunodeficiency disorders. Five specific disorders are discussed in detail, and specific treatments are reviewed.
The Effect of a Structured Neonatal Resuscitation Program on Delivery Room Practices
Authors: Ryan C. Anthony , McCarthy Clark Lisa , Malone Aileen , Ahmed Sami 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: This study evaluated the introduction of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association into the delivery room of an Irish maternity hospital.Design: Prospective, controlled observational study of 51 deliveries before and 51 deliveries following the training of delivery room personnel in the NRP.Sample: Participants were 33 nurse-midwives and 11 pediatric resident physicians.Main outcome variable: Evaluation of postdelivery, newborn resuscitation practices.Results: The introduction of the NRP was associated with significant improvements in delivery room preparation, in the evaluation and management of the newborn infant, and in thermal protection at birth. Although there was a trend to use more free-flow oxygen following the introduction of the NRP, this was not statistically significant. Bag and mask ventilation was also used more frequently following NRP training. However, there were no significant differences in the use of endotracheal intubation, chest compressions, and medications. Fifteen of the 51 infants became hypothermic prior to the introduction of the NRP; none of the infants developed hypothermia in the post-NRP part of the study.
Efficacy of Saline vs Heparin in Maintaining 24-Gauge Intermittent Intravenous Catheters in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Kyle Leigh , Turner Barbara 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare saline and heparin flushes in 24-gauge IV catheters.Design: A double-blind experiment in four recorded trials was conducted using a rabbit model. Twenty-four-gauge catheters were placed in both auricle veins, and all catheters were secured in the same manner. Ampicillin was infused into each ear at the same interval, with each ear randomized to receive either the heparin solution or the saline solution.Sample: The subjects were ten white New Zealand rabbits. Data were collected on 76 catheter sites.Main Outcome Variable: Patency for each catheter was measured in hours and evaluated based on presence of warmth, erythema, induration, leakage, or occlusion.Results: There was no significant difference in the duration of patency of the catheters between the two groups.
African American Mothers’ Responses to Hospitalization of an Infant with Serious Health Problems
Authors: Shandor Miles Margaret , Wilson Sonja , Docherty Sharron 
Published: May 2012

Purpose:To describe African American mothers’ experiences related to the hospitalization of an infant with serious health problems.Design:Retrospective descriptive.Sample:19 African American mothers with premature and term infants who were hospitalized at birth for serious health problems related to sequelae of prematurity or birth defect.Main Outcome Variable:African American mothers’ recollections about the hospitalization of their seriously ill infant.Results:The mothers worried primarily about when the baby could go home. Their greatest source of stress was separation from the infant. Seeing their sick infant was also stressful and evoked shock, fear, denial, guilt, and helplessness. Mothers sought hope by seeking information and cues from the infant and by praying to God. Mothers established a relationship with their infant by visiting regularly and by learning how to care for him. Some mothers feared getting attached to an infant who might die. Mothers’ highest source of satisfaction was support from the health care team.
Effects of Family Coping and Resources on Family Adjustment and Parental Stress in the Acute Phase of the NICU Experience
Authors: Pinelli Janet 
Published: May 2012

Purpose:To determine the relationship between family coping and resources and family adjustment and parental stress in the acute phase of the NICU experience.Design:Correlational study based on the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation. Main study instruments included the State Anxiety scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Family Inventory of Resources for Management, the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales, and the General Functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device.Sample:Data collected from 124 mother and father pairs within two to four days of their infant’s admission to the NICU.Main Outcome Variables:Family adjustment and parental stress.Results:Adequate resources were more strongly related to positive adjustment and decreased stress than were either coping or being a first-time parent. The relationships among the variables were generally the same for both parents. Mothers utilized more coping strategies than did fathers.Practice Recommendations:Families with limited resources should be identified early to facilitate their adjustment to the NICU.
Neonatal Thermal Care, Part II: Microbial Growth Under Temperature Probe Covers
Authors: Blackburn Susan , DePaul Debra , Loan Lori , Marbut Kristie , Taquino Lauren , Thomas Karen , Wilson Suzanne 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: To determine if temperature probe covers contribute to nosocomial infections by providing an environment for skin microbe colonization.Design: Descriptive, comparative design with infants randomized into two groups: foam probe cover and hydrogel probe cover. Skin cultures were obtained 72 hours after cover placement. Bacterial growth was quantified after 24 and 48 hours. Skin integrity was assessed using visual irritations scores (VIS) every 5 minutes for 30 minutes following cover removal. ANOVA and ANOVA-RM were used to compare amounts of microbes and VIS scores between groups.Sample: Twenty-six medically stable infants, 29 to 34 weeks gestational age, less than 10 days postbirth, and in an incubator.Main Outcome Variable: Microbial growth and VIS.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in microbial growth and VIS scores between groups (p >.05). Clinical significance was noted in VIS scores. Infants who had foam covers had more sustained irritation scores.
Neonatal Thermal Care, Part III: The Effect of Infant Position and Temperature Probe Placement
Authors: Blackburn Susan , DePaul Debra , Loan Lori , Marbut Kristie , Taquino Lauren , Thomas Karen , Wilson Suzanne 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: Accurate management of infant temperature requires appropriate placement of temperature monitoring probes. Currently, there is a lack of consensus regarding placement of skin temperature probes and the effect on temperature monitoring of the infant’s lying on the probe. The objective of this study was to compare abdomen and back skin temperatures when infants were positioned supine and prone.Design: A quasi-experimental design was used to randomize infants to prone or supine position. Infant back, abdomen, and axillary temperatures were measured at oneminute intervals with small disposable thermocouples over a one-hour period.Sample: Twenty-three infants, weight 820–2,400 gm, gestational age 27–37 weeks, postnatal age three to ten days.Main Outcome Variable: Gradient between abdomen and back temperature.Results: Both mean abdomen and mean back temperatures differed significantly by position (t-test, p = .003 and .028, respectively). Weight and postnatal age did not have an effect on the mean difference between abdomen and back temperature. Results indicate that probe placement and infant positioning are important factors altering measurement of skin temperature.
Anemia of Prematurity
Authors: Salsbury Debra 
Published: May 2012

Physiologic anemia is a common and normal finding in newborn infants. In preterm infants, anemia of prematurity is the result of this normal physiologic process compounded by the morbidity of prematurity. Premature infants reach their nadir hematocrit sooner and at a lower level than term infants do.This article reviews the physiology of stem cell differentiation and the structure and function of the red blood cell, as well as examining red blood cell indices. It also addresses the etiology, symptomatology, diagnostic workup, and treatment/prevention modalities of anemia of prematurity. Treatment for and prevention of anemia of prematurity remain controversial, and specific criteria are lacking.
Reference Accuracy in Neonatal-Maternal Nursing Literature
Authors: Oermann Marilyn , Wilmes Nancy , Braski Patricia 
Published: May 2012

Purpose:To identify the frequency and types of reference errors in neonatal-maternal nursing literature. This study was an extension of earlier research on reference accuracy in pediatric and critical care nursing journals.Design:A random sample was selected of references in three nursing journals:Neonatal Network: The Journal of Neonatal Nursing; Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing; and The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing.References were compared against original publications, and errors were classified as major or minor based on criteria used in earlier studies.Results:Fifty-four of the 221 references had errors, for an overall error rate of 24.4 percent. Major errors were found in 21.3 percent of the references, and minor errors were calculated at 3.2 percent. Errors in the author’s name were most common, followed by errors in titles of articles and books. The rates of reference errors in this study were lower than those reported previously in the nursing and medical literature.
Mean Noise Amounts in Level II vs Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Levy Gary , Woolston Dixie , Browne Joy 
Published: May 2012

Purpose:To compare mean noise amounts in Level II NICUs with those in Level III NICUs after controlling statistically for the number of infants per unit.Study design:A between-group design was used in measuring noise amounts.Sample:Noise amounts were sampled using a central site procedure during two time periods of approximately 25 minutes each (total time approximately 50 minutes) in five Level II NICUs and seven Level III NICUs in Colorado.Main outcome variable:Average noise amounts (in dB) from two time periods of approximately 25 minutes each (total time approximately 50 minutes).Results:Mean noise amounts were significantly higher in Level III NICUs (mean = 54.89 dB) than in Level II NICUs (mean = 49.07 dB). This result remained statistically significant even after correcting statistically for total number of babies present in each NICU during noise measurements.
New Light on Kellom Tomlinson: Two Articles by Jennifer Thorp IntroductionKellom Tomlinson's Notebook: A New DiscoveryPicturing a Gentleman Dancing-Master: A Lost Portrait of Kellom Tomlinson
Authors: Thorp Jennifer 
Published: May 2012

This article describes the manuscript notes and exercises relating to dance which were written into a copy of Mathew Simons' map book, A Direction for the English Traviller, once owned by the dancing-master Kellom Tomlinson and now in the care of the Lilly Library at Indiana University. The nature, contents and handwriting of the dance notes, which perhaps date from the second decade of the eighteenth century, suggest that the notes, some of which are annotated or corrected by Tomlinson himself, may have been the work of one of his pupils or apprentices. This article, which derives from a paper given at the British Society for Eighteenth Century Studies at St Hugh's College, Oxford, in January 2012, describes the recent identification of the portrait of the dancing-master Kellom Tomlinson painted by Richard Van Bleeck in 1716, and discusses its significance in comparison with the later mezzotint by François Morellon La Cave and the light each throws on Tomlinson's relations with the subscribers and dedicatees of his dance manual, The Art of Dancing (1735).
Devoir et pouvoir , des marqueurs modaux ou évidentiels ?
Authors: Barbet Cécile 
Published: May 2012

Plusieurs positions sont représentées dans la littérature concernant le lien entre la modalité telle qu’exprimée par devoir ou pouvoir et l’évidentialité (inférentielle notamment) : traditionnellement, ces verbes sont considérés comme modaux ; on les a également décrits comme « mixtes », i.e. évidentio-modaux ; ou encore évidentiels en ce qui concerne leurs emplois épistémiques ; et, récemment, on a défendu que devoir était un marqueur fondamentalement évidentiel, sans distinction de ses différents emplois. Nous défendons, dans cet article, que devoir et pouvoir sont sémantiquement modaux, une analyse exclusivement en termes d’évidentialité menant à une impasse. Cependant, nous tirons profit des analyses « évidentialisantes » en montrant que la récupération contextuelle par le destinataire des “evidences” est déterminante notamment en ce qui concerne leurs interprétations épistémiques subjectives vs objectives.
Le conditionnel épistémique : propriétés et fonctions discursives
Authors: Kronning Hans 
Published: May 2012

Dans cet article, nous étudions le conditionnel épistémique, analysé comme un marqueur épistémique mixte exprimant la médiation par emprunt et la modalisation zéro (le refus de prendre en charge le contenu cognitif de l’énoncé), à travers ses propriétés et fonctions discursives manifestées à l’extérieur de son domaine de médiation (séquence qui transmet le contenu cognitif emprunté), ainsi qu’à l’extérieur et à l’intérieur des cadres de discours ouverts par des syntagmes prépositionnels du type Selon N . Nous montrons, d’une part, que l’attitude épistémique du locuteur est variable (dubitative et non dubitative), alors que l’orientation modale de l’énoncé au conditionnel épistémique est invariablement positive (vers le « vrai ») et, d’autre part, que cette forme verbale est exploitée, d’un point de vue rhétorique, textuel et pragmatique, pour établir des gradations ascendantes, servir d’indice d’ouverture de certaines unités textuelles et pour dissimuler l’implication du locuteur dans le procès médiatisé ou dans la description qu’il en donne.
Relations entre temps, aspect, modalité et évidentialité dans le système du français
Authors: Caudal Patrick 
Published: May 2012

Le présent article exposera d’abord comment le sens aspectuo-temporel influe sur la construction des jugements modaux avec diverses sortes d’expressions du français (structures conditionnelles, verbes modaux, tiroirs verbaux). Il se penchera ensuite sur les usages dits conjecturaux du futur, de façon à mesurer si et comment il est possible d’étendre à l’évidentialité les observations faites sur les relations temps/aspect – modalité en français.