bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un petit prince à la sdn : la lutte du roi Hussein du Hedjaz pour l'indépendance des provinces arabes de l'Empire ottoman
Authors: Alkhazragi Hussein D. 
Published: July 2011

Résumé La naissance de la Société des Nations permet l’émergence d’acteurs restés jusqu’ici en marge de la scène internationale. Le règlement de la « Question d’Orient » connaît ainsi une résonance nouvelle à travers l’entrée en scène du Shérif Hussein, leader de la Révolte arabe de 1916. Ce dernier entreprend de solliciter l’organisation pour résoudre le conflit qui l’oppose à la Grande-Bretagne et à la France au sujet de la question des mandats. Hussein commence alors un véritable lobbying diplomatique auprès du secrétariat de la sdn qui se retrouve rapidement pris dans un dilemme. En effet, le conseil de la sdn manœuvre habilement pour éviter d’impliquer l’organisation dans une affaire que les grandes puissances entendent traiter au mépris total du Pacte de la Société. Le Secrétariat est ainsi forcé de s’aligner sur les intérêts des grandes puissances et ce malgré les objections de nombreux fonctionnaires internationaux partisans d’une justice fondée sur un droit universel.
Berliet, un constructeur automobile français face au marché chinois (années 1950-1960)
Authors: Robin Thierry 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Le cas du constructeur lyonnais Automobiles Marius Berliet ( amb ) illustre les difficultés des entreprises à commercer avec la Chine populaire pendant la Guerre froide. Mais amb apparaît aussi original, voire pionnier, dans son approche du marché chinois. Ses tentatives sont infructueuses jusqu’au milieu des années 1950 : l’absence de représentation commerciale, de relations diplomatiques franco-chinoises et surtout l’existence d’un dispositif multilatéral de restrictions aux échanges commerciaux constituent des handicaps trop importants. En revanche, par la suite, Berliet peut exporter des camions à partir des filiales marocaine et algérienne du groupe jusqu’au début des années 1960. Après l’établissement des relations diplomatiques entre la France et la Chine communiste, en 1964, Automobiles Marius Berliet signe l’accord dit « licence Chine » (1965), premier transfert de technologie français avec la rpc .
La politique indochinoise de Pierre Mendès France après les accords de Genève
Authors: Grosser Pierre 
Published: July 2011

Résumé La plupart des historiens laissent entendre que la présence française a pris fin en Indochine avec la fin de la guerre. Pierre Mendès France, qui fut applaudi lors de la signature des accords de Genève, est-il coupable de s’être débarrassé de l’Indochine au profit des Américains ? A-t-il trahi les espoirs des hommes qui voulaient qu’une France nouvelle devienne, en Asie, le trait d’union entre Nord et Sud et entre Est et Ouest ? Mendès France s’est efforcé d’élaborer une politique indochinoise après Genève, et dans l’ensemble s’y est tenu durant ses six derniers mois à la présidence du conseil. Mais il devait tenir compte des dures réalités de la relation avec les États-Unis, et du début de la guerre en Algérie. De nombreux groupes et individus ont essayé d’orienter cette politique. Surtout, les réalités sur place ne permettaient pas, ni au Nord ni au Sud du Vietnam, un dernier sursaut du colonialisme français en Indochine.
CEREBRAL DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGES IN INFANTS AND NEONATES WITH INFANTILE ONSET POMPE DISEASE
Authors: Peng Steven Shinn-Forng , Chien Yin-Hsiu , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Liu Hon-Man , Tseng Issac Wen-Yih 
Published: July 2011

Background: Exogenous enzyme cannot cross the blood brain barrier to eliminate accumulated glycogen and brain involvement by Pompe disease is worth of attention before starting enzyme-replacement therapy. Material And Methods: Before treatment, we recruited 10 infantile-onset Pompe patients and divided them into 2 groups. Group A (n = 6) had truncal hypotonia, while group B (n = 4) did not. The control group included another 10 age-matched subjects. The maps of first (EV1), second (EV2), and third eigenvalues (EV3), trace apparent diffusion coefficient, and fractional anisotropy (FA) were generated. We compared regions of interest in the right cerebellar peduncle, central pons, posterior limb of the right internal capsule, right thalamus, right superior corona radiata near the level of the lateral ventricular bodies, and genu and splenium of the corpus callosum between the Pompe patients and control subjects. Results: On diffusion tensor images (DTIs), we found increased EV3 at the central pons (0.570 ± 0.116 versus 0.434 ± 0.154, p = 0.03) and genu of the corpus callosum (0.707 ± 0.181 versus. 0.447 ± 0.184, p = 0.03) in group A, but not in group B, as compared with age-matched controls. EV2 (0.961 ± 0.241 versus. 0.755 ± 0.138, p = 0.04) increased significantly but FA (0.485 ± 0.125 versus. 0.716 ± 0.121, p = 0.03) decreased significantly at the splenium of the corpus callosum of group A patients both not in group B. Conclusion: In our Pompe patients younger than nine months, DTIs could not disclose significant changes of diffusion indices at the supratentorial white matters in group B patients without truncal hypotonia. Further progressive hypomyelination of supertentorial white matter may be prevented with adequate and early enzyme replacement treatment applied to infant-onset Pompe patients.
Measuring Intrabladder Pressure With the Head of the Bed Elevated 30º: Evidence to Support a Change in Practice
Authors: Shuster Melanie Horbal , Sekula L. Kathleen , Kern John C. , Vazquez Jorge A. 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundA 30° head-of-bed elevation is recommended for most critically ill patients. Measuring intrabladder pressure with the patient in this position is controversial.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of measuring intrabladder pressure with a 30° head-of-bed elevation.MethodsA prospective, randomized, and experimental study. Patients had intrabladder pressure measured first while positioned supine with a 30° head-of-bed elevation and 25 mL of saline instilled into the bladder and again after the patients were randomly repositioned to supine without any head-of-bed elevation (flat) or with a 30° head-of-bed elevation while supine or in right lateral or left lateral position with either 25, 50, or 200 mL of saline instilled into the patient’s bladder.ResultsIntrabladder pressures measured with the patient in all 3 head-of-bed elevated positions were higher than pressures measured with patients supine and flat after instillation of 25 mL of saline into the bladder, but intrabladder pressure did not differ between the 30° head-of-bed elevated positions and the supine and flat positions when 50 or 200 mL of saline was instilled into the bladder. Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant interaction between volume of saline instilled (P = .05), patient’s position (P = .007), and bladder instill volume and position interaction (P = .004).ConclusionIt is feasible to measure intrabladder pressure with a 30° head-of-bed elevation, and that position could be an alternative to supine positioning of patients for measurement of intrabladder pressure.
Medication Adherence among Rural, Low-Income Hypertensive Adults: A Randomized Trial of a Multimedia Community-Based Intervention
Authors: Martin Michelle Y. , Kim Young-il , Kratt Polly , Litaker Mark S. , Kohler Connie L. , Schoenberger Yu-Mei , Clarke Stephen J. , Prayor-Patterson Heather , Tseng Tung-Sung , Pisu Maria , Dale Williams O. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose. Examine the effectiveness of a community-based, multimedia intervention on medication adherence among hypertensive adults. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting. Rural south Alabama. Subjects. Low-income adults (N = 434) receiving medication at no charge from a public health department or a Federally Qualified Health Center. Intervention. Both interventions were home-based and delivered via computer by a community health advisor. The adherence promotion (AP) intervention focused on theoretical variables related to adherence (e.g., barriers, decisional balance, and role models). The cancer control condition received general cancer information. Measures. Adherence was assessed by pill count. Other adherence-related variables, including barriers, self-efficacy, depression, and sociodemographic variables, were collected via a telephone survey. Analysis. Chi-square analysis tested the hypothesis that a greater proportion of participants in the AP intervention are ≥80% adherent compared to the control group. General linear modeling examined adherence as a continuous variable. Results. Participants receiving the intervention did not differ from individuals in the control group (51% vs. 49% adherent, respectively; p = .67). Clinic type predicted adherence (p < .0001), as did forgetting to take medications (p = .01) and difficulty getting to the clinic to obtain medications (p < .001). Conclusions. Multilevel interventions that focus on individual behavior and community-level targets (e.g., how health care is accessed and delivered) may be needed to improve medication adherence among low-income rural residents.
Knowledge and Perceptions of Smoking According to Income Level in Morocco
Authors: Fakir Samira El , Serhier Zineb , Berraho Mohammed , Elrhazi Karima , Tachfouti Nabil , Slama Karen , Nejjari Chakib 
Published: July 2011

Purpose. To determine the association between income level and variations in knowledge and perceptions about tobacco smoking in Morocco. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Random sample of 9195 subjects representative of the Moroccan population. Subjects. Subjects aged > 15 years from households. Measures. Data were collected from selected households using a standardized questionnaire about smoking, educational level, household monthly income, and knowledge of health effects of smoking. Analysis. Stepwise logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for each variable were calculated as an estimate of the likelihood of having knowledge that smoking causes selected diseases. Results. Among 9195 subjects, 27.8% reported low income (<2000 Moroccan dirhams [MAD]), and 9.9% reported the highest income level (≥ 6000 MAD). Higher income was significantly associated with higher knowledge of health effects of smoking (p < .0001); 55% of low-income respondents compared to 71.5% of respondents with higher income knew about the relationship between cigarette smoking and cancer. Conclusions. Lower income level was associated with lower awareness of the harms of smoking. There is a need to improve knowledge of the dangers of smoking among the disadvantaged segments of the population.
The Effectiveness of a Walking Booster Program for Seniors
Authors: Jancey Jonine M. , Lee Andy H. , Howat Peter A. , Burke Linda , Leong Choon C. , Shilton Trevor 
Published: July 2011

Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of a 3-month home-based booster program for seniors to increase walking. Design. A longitudinal prospective study. Setting. Perth, Western Australia. Subjects. Of the 177 (of 260) program participants and 236 (of 313) controls who initially completed the neighborhood walking intervention, 114 (64%) and 134 (57%) were available for the booster, and 100 and 131 participants completed the entire program, respectively. Intervention. A 6-month neighborhood walking intervention was followed 12 months later by a 3-month home-based booster program comprised of print-based materials, a pedometer, and two motivational phone calls. Measures. A self-reported questionnaire was administered at four time points: original intervention, baseline (t1) and 6 months (t2); booster, 18 months (t3) and 21 months (t4). Physical activity levels were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Personal and demographic information was collected. Analysis. Descriptive statistics and repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results. The intervention group's mean time spent walking for recreation and mean time spent walking for errands per week showed significant increases between t1 and t2, but the weekly mean time walking for recreation dropped by 52 minutes from t2 to t3. Significant increases were evident from t3 to t4 as a result of the booster. Walking levels for the control group remained stable over the study period. Conclusion. Physical activity levels of seniors revert once an intervention concludes. A home-based booster program can reactivate physical activity levels. Hence, program planners should include booster sessions for program sustainability.
School Travel Plans: Preliminary Evidence for Changing School-Related Travel Patterns in Elementary School Children
Authors: Hinckson Erica A. , Badland Hannah M. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose. In New Zealand, the School Travel Plan (STP) program was developed to increase school-related active travel rates and decrease traffic congestion. The plan was developed through collaboration among the school, community, and local council. The STP was tailored to each school's specific needs and incorporated educational initiatives, physical infrastructural changes in the vicinity of schools, and policy development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the STP program in changing school travel modes in children. Design. Effectiveness was assessed by determining the difference between pre-STP and follow-up travel mode data in schools. The differences were assessed using multilinear regression analysis, including decile (measure of socioeconomic status), school roll at baseline, and STP year of implementation as predictors. Setting. Thirty-three elementary schools from the Auckland region participated in the study. School size ranged from 130 to 688 students. Subjects. The final 2006 sample consisted of 13,631 students. Measures. On a set day (pre- and post-STP), students indicated their mode of transport to school and intended mode for returning home that day. Results. Differences are reported as percentage points: there was an increase in active transport by 5.9% ± 6.8% when compared to baseline travel modes. School roll, STP year of implementation, and baseline values predicted engagement with active transport. Conclusion. Preliminary findings suggest that the STP program may be successful in creating mode shift changes to favor school-related active travel in elementary-school children.
Psychometric Characteristics of Process Evaluation Measures for a Rural School-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Study: Louisiana Health
Authors: Newton Robert L. , Thomson Jessica L. , Rau Kristi K. , Ragusa Shelly A. , Sample Alicia D. , Singleton Nakisha N. , Anton Stephen D. , Webber Larry S. , Williamson Donald A. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose. To evaluate the implementation of intervention components of the Louisiana Health study, which was a multicomponent childhood obesity prevention program conducted in rural schools. Design. Content analysis. Setting. Process evaluation assessed implementation in classrooms, gym classes, and cafeterias. Subjects. Classroom teachers (n = 232), physical education teachers (n = 53), food service managers (n = 33), and trained observers (n = 9). Measures. Five process evaluation measures were created: Physical Education Questionnaire (PEQ), Intervention Questionnaire (IQ), Food Service Manager Questionnaire (FSMQ), Classroom Observation (CO), and School Nutrition Environment Observation (SNEO). Analysis. Interrater reliability and internal consistency were assessed on all measures. Analysis of variance and χ2 were used to compare differences across study groups on questionnaires and observations. Results. The PEQ and one subscale from the FSMQ were eliminated because their reliability coefficients fell below acceptable standards. The subscale internal consistencies for the IQ, FSMQ, CO, and SNEO (all Cronbach α > .60) were acceptable. Conclusions. After the initial 4 months of intervention, there was evidence that the Louisiana Health intervention was being implemented as it was designed. In summary, four process evaluation measures were found to be sufficiently reliable and valid for assessing the delivery of various aspects of a school-based obesity prevention program. These process measures could be modified to evaluate the delivery of other similar school-based interventions.
Developing and Testing the CHORDS: Characteristics of Responsible Drinking Survey
Authors: Barry Adam E. , Goodson Patricia 
Published: July 2011

Purpose. Report on the development and psychometric testing of a theoretically and evidence-grounded instrument, the Characteristics of Responsible Drinking Survey (CHORDS). Design. Instrument subjected to four phases of pretesting (cognitive validity, cognitive and motivational qualities, pilot test, and item evaluation) and a final posttest implementation. Setting. Large public university in Texas. Subjects. Randomly selected convenience sample (n = 729) of currently enrolled students. Measures. This 78-item questionnaire measures individuals' responsible drinking beliefs, motivations, intentions, and behaviors. Cronbach α, split-half reliability, principal components analysis and Spearman ρ were conducted to investigate reliability, stability, and validity. Results. Measures in the CHORDS exhibited high internal consistency reliability and strong correlations of split-half reliability. Factor analyses indicated five distinct scales were present, as proposed in the theoretical model. Subscale composite scores also exhibited a correlation to alcohol consumption behaviors, indicating concurrent validity. Conclusions. The CHORDS represents the first instrument specifically designed to assess responsible drinking beliefs and behaviors. It was found to elicit valid and reliable data among a college student sample. This instrument holds much promise for practitioners who desire to empirically investigate dimensions of responsible drinking.
Physician Advice on Exercise and Diet in a U.S. Sample of Obese Mexican-American Adults
Authors: Nguyen Ha T. , Markides Kyriakos S. , Winkleby Marilyn A. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose. To document the prevalence of obese Mexican-Americans never advised by health professionals regarding exercise and diet, and to determine risk factors for no advice. Methods. Data came from 1787 obese Mexican-American adults (body mass index ≥ 30; age ≥ 18 years) in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The survey included self-reported receipt of health care provider advice on exercise and diet as well as sociodemographic, health-related, and provider-related factors. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed separately for advice regarding exercise and advice regarding diet. Results. Overall, 45% of respondents reported that they had never received advice from a doctor or health care professional to exercise more, and 52% reported that they have received advice to eat fewer higher-fat/high-cholesterol foods. Men, nonmarried respondents, lower-educated respondents, those who preferred to speak Spanish at home, and those without comorbid chronic conditions were less likely to receive advice. Discussion. Results suggest that obese Mexican-Americans are insufficiently advised by health care providers regarding exercise and diet. Given the seriousness of obesity-related health risks and the increasing prevalence of overweight status and obesity among Mexican-Americans, it is vital that providers are involved in finding ways to effectively educate and/or treat overweight patients.
Increasing Consumer Demand among Medicaid Enrollees for Tobacco Dependence Treatment: The Wisconsin “Medicaid Covers It” Campaign
Authors: Keller Paula A. , Christiansen Bruce , Kim Su-Young , Piper Megan E. , Redmond Lezli , Adsit Robert , Fiore Michael C. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose. Smoking prevalence among Medicaid enrollees is higher than among the general population, but use of evidence-based cessation treatment is low. We evaluated whether a communications campaign improved cessation treatment utilization. Design. Quasi-experimental. Setting. Wisconsin. Subjects. Enrollees in the Wisconsin Family Medicaid program. The average monthly enrollment during the study period was approximately 170,000 individuals. Intervention. Print materials for clinicians and consumers distributed to 13 health maintenance organizations (HMOs) serving Wisconsin Medicaid HMO enrollees. Measures. Wisconsin Medicaid pharmacy claims data for smoking cessation medications were analyzed before and after a targeted communications campaign. HMO enrollees were the intervention group. Fee-for-service enrollees were a quasi-experimental comparison group. Quit Line utilization data were also analyzed. Analysis. Pharmacotherapy claims and number of registered Quit Line callers were compared precampaign and postcampaign. Results. Precampaign, cessation pharmacotherapy claims declined for the intervention group and increased slightly for the comparison group (t = 2.29, p = .03). Postcampaign, claims increased in both groups. However, the rate of increase in the intervention group was significantly greater than in the comparison group (t = −2.2, p = .04). A statistically significant increase was also seen in the average monthly number of Medicaid enrollees that registered for Quit Line services postcampaign compared to precampaign (F [1,22] = 7.19, p = .01). Conclusion. This natural experiment demonstrated statistically significant improvements in both pharmacotherapy claims and Quit Line registrations among Medicaid enrollees. These findings may help inform other states' efforts to improve cessation treatment utilization.
An Individually Based Lifestyle Intervention for Workers at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Process Evaluation
Authors: Groeneveld Iris F. , Proper Karin I. , Absalah Saida , van der Beek Allard J. , van Mechelen Willem 
Published: July 2011

Purpose. Evaluate counselors' adherence to an intervention protocol, counselors' competence, and the associations between three process indicators and body weight at follow-up in a 6-month individually based lifestyle intervention for construction workers. Design. Process evaluation with qualitative and quantitative data. Setting. Occupational health service. Subjects. A total of 408 male construction workers with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease received the intervention, and 27 occupational health professionals delivered the intervention. Intervention. Seven counseling sessions, the first during which four prescribed items had to be discussed. Motivational interviewing (MI) was used as a counseling technique. Measures and Analysis. The number of sessions and the items discussed were registered by the counselors. Adherence to MI was determined by expert scoring of transcripts of random segments of 19 counseling sessions. Counselors' competence was rated by participants and counselors separately. Associations between three process indicators and body weight at follow-up were determined by linear and logistic regression analyses. Results. Two-thirds of all participants attended five or more sessions, and 38.5% attended all seven sessions. In 90.2% of all cases, the counselor discussed all obligatory items in the first session. MI adherence was reached in one audiotaped fragment. Most (86.3%) of all participants agreed with the counselor being competent. Neither counselors' competence nor number of sessions or items discussed was significantly associated with body weight loss. Conclusions. Performing five sessions and discussing four prescribed items was feasible for the counselors, whereas performing MI was not. Still, participants were positive about the counselors' competence and willing to attend the intervention sessions. Investigators are encouraged to report the evaluation of their intervention process to improve future lifestyle interventions in research or in practice.