bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of diversification on the profitability and risk of Chinese banks: evidence from a semiparametric approach
Authors: Wu Minzhi , Tortosa-Ausina Emili , Cruz-García Paula 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of banking diversification and focus strategies on the profitability and risk of Chinese banks in the post-crisis years (2008–2019). For this purpose, semiparametric estimates are used. The main results indicate that Chinese banks do not gain much benefit in terms of profitability and risk from following income or asset diversification strategies, although the former are more beneficial than the latter. These results have important implications for the design of specific diversification strategies for different types of banks. Results suggest that state-owned banks could benefit from a greater degree of diversification to obtain more profits and simultaneously decrease their risk levels, while national shareholding commercial banks and city commercial banks should evaluate these strategies with more caution as the benefits from them are less obvious.
Well-Posedness of the Two-Dimensional Compressible Plasma-Vacuum Interface Problem
Authors: Morando Alessandro , Secchi Paolo , Trakhinin Yuri , Trebeschi Paola , Yuan Difan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider the two-dimensional plasma-vacuum interface problem in ideal compressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). This is a hyperbolic-elliptic coupled system with a characteristic free boundary. In the plasma region the 2D planar flow is governed by the hyperbolic equations of ideal compressible MHD, while in the vacuum region the magnetic field obeys the elliptic system of pre-Maxwell dynamics. At the free interface moving with the velocity of plasma particles, the total pressure is continuous and the magnetic field on both sides is tangent to the boundary. The plasma-vacuum system is not isolated from the outside world, since it is driven by a given surface current which forces oscillations onto the system. We prove the local-in-time existence and uniqueness of solutions to this nonlinear free boundary problem, provided that at least one of the two magnetic fields, in the plasma or in the vacuum region, is non-zero at each point of the initial interface. The proof follows from the analysis of the linearized MHD equations in the plasma region and the elliptic system for the vacuum magnetic field, suitable tame estimates in Sobolev spaces for the full linearized problem, and a Nash–Moser iteration.
Patients with Periprosthetic Femoral Hip Fractures are Commonly Classified as Having Osteoporosis Based on DXA Measurements
Authors: Ritter Jacob , Alimy Assil-Ramin , Simon Alexander , Hubert Jan , Ries Christian , Rolvien Tim , Beil Frank Timo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPeriprosthetic femoral hip fractures are subject to an increasing incidence and are often considered to be related to osteoporosis. However, there are no available studies that have determined the frequency of osteoporosis in affected patients using gold standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In this retrospective comparative study, we analyzed the DXA results of 40 patients with periprosthetic femoral hip fractures who were treated surgically in our department. DXA measurements were performed at the total hip and the lumbar spine to determine bone mineral density T-scores. Data were compared to two age-, sex-, and BMI-matched control groups in which patients underwent DXA prior to aseptic revision surgery for other causes or primary THA (consisting of 40 patients each). The mean T-score in the periprosthetic fracture cohort was significantly lower (− 1.78 ± 1.78) than that of the aseptic revision (− 0.65 ± 1.58, mean difference − 1.13 [95% CI − 1.88 to − 0.37]; p = 0.001) and the primary THA cohort (− 0.77 ± 1.34, mean difference − 1.01 [95% CI − 1.77 to − 0.26]; p = 0.005). Accordingly, osteoporosis was detected more frequently (45%) in the fracture cohort compared to patients undergoing aseptic revision (12.5%) and primary THA (10%). In conclusion, almost half of the patients with periprosthetic femoral hip fractures have osteoporosis according to DXA measurements. A regular assessment of bone health in THA enables identification of patients with osteoporosis who likely benefit from initiation of osteoporosis medication and cemented stem fixation.
Inter-island nesting dynamics and clutch survival of green turtles Chelonia mydas within a marine protected area in the Bijagós Archipelago, West Africa
Authors: Raposo Cheila , Rebelo Rui , Catry Paulo , Ferreira-Airaud Maria Betânia , Barbosa Castro , Garcia Tumbulo Bamba , Regalla Aissa , Sampaio Manuel Sá , Patrício Ana Rita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding spatial heterogeneity in reproductive success among at-risk populations facing localised threats is key for conservation. Sea turtle populations often concentrate at one nesting site, diverting conservation efforts from adjacent smaller rookeries. Poilão Island, Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, is a notable rookery for green turtles Chelonia mydas within the João Vieira-Poilão Marine National Park, surrounded by three islands (Cavalos, Meio and João Vieira), with lower nesting activity. Poilão’s nesting suitability may decrease due to turtle population growth and sea level rise, exacerbating already high nest density. As the potential usage of secondary sites may arise, we assessed green turtle clutch survival and related threats in Poilão and its neighbouring islands. High nest density on Poilão leads to high clutch destruction by later turtles, resulting in surplus eggs on the beach surface and consequently low clutch predation (4.0%, n = 69, 2000). Here, the overall mean hatching success estimated was 67.9 ± 36.7% (n = 631, 2015–2022), contrasting with a significantly lower value on Meio in 2019 (11.9 ± 23.6%, n = 21), where clutch predation was high (83.7%, n = 98). Moderate to high clutch predation was also observed on Cavalos (36.0%, n = 64) and João Vieira (76.0%, n = 175). Cavalos and Meio likely face higher clutch flooding compared to Poilão. These findings, alongside observations of turtle exchanges between islands, may suggest a source-sink dynamic, where low reproductive output sink habitats (neighbouring islands) are utilized by migrants from Poilão (source), which currently offers the best conditions for clutch survival.
Pairwise machine learning-based automatic diagnostic platform utilizing CT images and clinical information for predicting radiotherapy locoregional recurrence in elderly esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Zhang An-du , Shi Qing-lei , Zhang Hong-tao , Duan Wen-han , Li Yang , Ruan Li , Han Yi-fan , Liu Zhi-kun , Li Hao-feng , Xiao Jia-shun , Shi Gao-feng , Wan Xiang , Wang Ren-zhi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of predicting locoregional recurrence (LR) in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) who underwent radical radiotherapy using a pairwise machine learning algorithm.

Methods
The 130 datasets enrolled were randomly divided into a training set and a testing set in a 7:3 ratio. Clinical factors were included and radiomics features were extracted from pretreatment CT scans using pyradiomics-based software, and a pairwise naive Bayes (NB) model was developed. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). To facilitate practical application, we attempted to construct an automated esophageal cancer diagnosis system based on trained models.

Results
To the follow-up date, 64 patients (49.23%) had experienced LR. Ten radiomics features and two clinical factors were selected for modeling. The model demonstrated good prediction performance, with area under the ROC curve of 0.903 (0.829–0.958) for the training cohort and 0.944 (0.849–1.000) for the testing cohort. The corresponding accuracies were 0.852 and 0.914, respectively. Calibration curves showed good agreement, and DCA curve confirmed the clinical validity of the model. The model accurately predicted LR in elderly patients, with a positive predictive value of 85.71% for the testing cohort.

Conclusions
The pairwise NB model, based on pre-treatment enhanced chest CT-based radiomics and clinical factors, can accurately predict LR in elderly patients with ESCC. The esophageal cancer automated diagnostic system embedded with the pairwise NB model holds significant potential for application in clinical practice.
The VISTA/VSIG3/PSGL-1 axis: crosstalk between immune effector cells and cancer cells in invasive ductal breast carcinoma
Authors: Olbromski Mateusz , Mrozowska Monika , Piotrowska Aleksandra , Smolarz Beata , Romanowicz Hanna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA checkpoint protein called the V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is important for controlling immune responses. Immune cells that interact with VISTA have molecules, or receptors, known as VISTA receptors. Immune system activity can be modified by the interaction between VISTA and its receptors. Since targeting VISTA or its receptors may be beneficial in certain conditions, VISTA has been studied in relation to immunotherapy for cancer and autoimmune illnesses. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression levels and interactions between VISTA and its receptors, VSIG3 and PSGL-1, in breast cancer tissues. IHC analysis revealed higher levels of proteins within the VISTA/VSIG3/PSGL-1 axis in cancer tissues than in the reference samples (mastopathies). VISTA was found in breast cancer cells and intratumoral immune cells, with membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns. VISTA was also linked with pathological grade and VSIG3 and PSGL-1 levels. Furthermore, we discovered that the knockdown of one axis member boosted the expression of the other partners. This highlights the significance of VISTA/VSIG3/PSGL-1 in tumor stroma and microenvironment remodeling. Our findings indicate the importance of the VISTA/VSIG3/PSGL-1 axis in the molecular biology of cancer cells and the immune microenvironment.
Oligo-residual disease in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-treated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: incidence, pattern of failure, and clinical value of local consolidative therapy
Authors: Zhang Jinmeng , Gao Jie , Jiang Shanshan , Mao Jiuang , Chu Li , Chu Xiao , Yang Xi , Li Yida , Guo Tiantian , Zhou Yue , Xu Dayu , hu Jie , Chu Qian , Ni Jianjiao , Zhu Zhengfei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the feasibility and potential clinical value of local consolidative therapy (LCT) in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-treated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and methods
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-treated metastatic NSCLC patients with measurable disease in three academic centers were screened and those with adequate follow-up were included. Oligo-residual disease (ORD) was defined as residual tumors limited to three organs and five lesions evaluated at the best response among patients with partial response or stable disease after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Oligometastatic and multiple-metastatic disease (OMD/MMD) were similarly classified at baseline. Locoregional interventions, administered after effective treatment of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and before initial disease progression, were defined as LCT. Patterns of initial progressive disease (PD) were classified as involving only residual sites (RP), only new sites (NP), or a combination of both (BP).

Results
Among the 698 patients included, ORD was documented in 73 (47.1%) of 155 patients with baseline OMD and 60 (11.0%) of 543 patients with baseline MMD. With a median follow-up of 31.0 (range, 6.0–53.0) months, 108 patients with ORD developed initial PD, with RP, NP, and BP occurring in 51 (47%), 23 (21.3%), and 34 (31.5%), respectively. Among the 133 patients with ORD, those receiving LCT (n = 43) had longer progression-free survival (HR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.40–0.85, p = 0.01) and overall survival (HR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.30–0.79, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
ORD occurs with a clinically relevant frequency among PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-treated metastatic NSCLC patients and LCT may provide extra survival benefits in those with ORD.
Clinical outcomes and biomarker exploration of first-line PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy in patients with low PD-L1-expressing of gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Yu-Ting , Lu Shi-Xun , Lai Ming-Yu , Yang Xia , Guan Wen-Long , Yang Li-Qiong , Li Yu-Hong , Wang Feng-Hua , Yang Da-Jun , Qiu Miao-Zhen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The beneficial effects of first-line programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy in patients with low programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-expressing advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma are controversial.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with G/GEJ adenocarcinoma who had undergone first-line treatment with PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy between October 2017 and May 2022. The primary outcomes were objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). SPSS software V27.0 was used for data analysis.

Results
Of 345 enrolled patients, 290 had measurable lesions. The overall ORR was 59.3%. PD-L1 status was available in 171 patients, and 67.8% of them were considered as low PD-L1 expression level (combined positive score (CPS) < 5). Patients with PD-L1 CPS < 5 showed a lower response rate (51.1% vs 70.8%, P = 0.024) and a worse PFS (P = 0.009) compared to those with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 5. In the PD-L1 low-expression cohort, patients with non-diffuse type, GEJ cancer, synchronous metastasis, distant lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, non-peritoneal metastasis, and HER2 positive were significantly associated with higher response rates to PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy (P < 0.05). The presence of peritoneal metastasis (P = 0.028) and diffuse type (P = 0.046) were identified as independent predictors of poor PFS in multivariate analysis of the PD-L1 CPS < 5 subgroup. When evaluated for correlation with overall survival (OS) in the PD-L1 low-expression subgroup, peritoneal metastasis was found to be the only independent prognostic factor of an increased risk of death (hazard ratio: 2.31, 95% CI 1.09–4.90; P = 0.029).

Conclusions
PD-L1 CPS ≥ 5 is significantly associated with improved response and extended PFS in G/GEJ cancer patients treated with a combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy. Specific subgroups within the low PD-L1-expressing population, such as those with non-diffuse-type tumors and without peritoneal metastases, may also benefit from immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.
Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based dual immunotherapies versus PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone in patients with advanced solid tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yueying , Han Hedong , Cheng Jing , Cheng Qinpei , Zhu Suhua , Zhan Ping , Liu Hongbing , Song Yong , Lv Tangfeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based combination therapies. The debate surrounding the potential additive clinical benefits of combination of two immune-oncology (IO) therapies for cancer patients persists.

Methods
Both published and grey sources of randomized clinical trials that compared anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy combinations with monotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors were encompassed. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs).

Results
Our analysis encompassed 32 studies comprising 10,341 patients, which covered 12 distinct immune-oncology combination regimens. Across all patients, the immunotherapy combinations exhibited the capability to enhance the ORR (OR = 1.23 [95% CI 1.13–1.34]) and extend PFS (HR = 0.91 [95% CI 0.87–0.95]). However, the observed enhancement in OS (HR = 0.96 [95% CI 0.91–1.01]) was of no significance. Greater benefits in terms of PFS (HR = 0.82 [95% CI 0.72 to 0.93]) and OS (HR = 0.85 [95% CI 0.73 to 0.99]) may be particularly pronounced in cases where PD-L1 expression is negative. Notably, despite a heightened risk of any-grade TRAEs (OR = 1.72 [95% CI 1.40–2.11]) and grade greater than or equal to 3 TRAEs (OR = 2.01 [95% CI 1.67–2.43]), toxicity was generally manageable.

Conclusions
This study suggests that incorporating an additional immunotherapy agent with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can elevate the response rate and reduce the risk of disease progression, all while maintaining manageable toxicity. However, there remains a challenge in translating these primary clinical benefits into extended overall survival.
Inhibition of glycolysis enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy via PDK-mediated upregulation of PD-L1
Authors: Zhang Ruizhi , Mao Gan , Tang Yu , Li Chong , Gao Yisong , Nie Wenxiang , Song Tianyu , Liu Suao , Zhang Peng , Tao Kaixiong , Li Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Immunotherapy for gastric cancer remains a challenge due to its limited efficacy. Metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing the sensitivity of tumors to immunotherapy. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) play pivotal roles in regulating glycolysis. The importance of PDKs in the context of gastric cancer immunotherapy and their potential as therapeutic targets have not been fully explored.

Methods
PDK and PD-L1 expression was analyzed using data from the GSE66229 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts. Additionally, the Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy Atlas (ICBatlas) database was utilized to assess PDK expression in an immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy group. Subsequently, the upregulation of PD-L1 and the enhancement of anticancer effects achieved by targeting PDK were validated through in vivo and in vitro assays. The impact of PDK on histone acetylation was investigated using ChIP‒qPCR to detect changes in histone acetylation levels.

Results
Our analysis revealed a notable negative correlation between PD-L1 and PDK expression. Downregulation of PDK led to a significant increase in PD-L1 expression. PDK inhibition increased histone acetylation levels by promoting acetyl-CoA generation. The augmentation of acetyl-CoA production and concurrent inhibition of histone deacetylation were found to upregulate PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer cells. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in the anticancer effect of PD-L1 antibodies following treatment with a PDK inhibitor.

Conclusions
Downregulation of PDK in gastric cancer cells leads to an increase in PD-L1 expression levels, thus potentially improving the efficacy of PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Reliability of glenoid measurements performed using Multiplanar Reconstruction (MPR) of Magnetic Resonance (MRI) in patients with shoulder instability
Authors: Nizinski Jan , Kaczmarek Agata , Antonik Bartosz , Rauhut Sebastian , Tuczynski Piotr , Jakubowski Filip , Slawski Julian , Stefaniak Jakub , Lubiatowski Przemyslaw 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Measurement of glenoid bone loss in the shoulder instability can be assessed by CT or MRI multiplanar imaging and is crucial for pre-operative planning. The aim of this study is to determine the intra and interobserver reliability of glenoid deficiency measurement using MRI multiplanar reconstruction with 2D assessment in the sagittal plane (MPR MRI).

Methods
We reviewed MRI images of 80 patients with anterior shoulder instability with Osirix software using MPR. Six observers with basic experience measured the glenoid, erosion edge length, and bone loss twice, with at least one-week interval between measurements. We calculated reliability and repeatability using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and minimal detectable change with 95% confidence (MDC95%).

Results
Intra and Inter-observer ICC and MDC95% for glenoid width and height were excellent (ICC 0,89-0,96). For erosion edge length and area of the glenoid were acceptable/good (ICC 0,61-0,89). Bone loss and Pico Index were associated with acceptable/good ICC (0,63 -0,86)) but poor MDC95% (45 - 84 %). Intra-observer reliability improved with time, while inter-observer remained unchanged.

Conclusion
The MPR MRI measurement of the anterior glenoid lesion is very good tool for linear parameters. This method is not valid for Pico index measurement, as the area of bone loss is variable. The pace of learning is individual, therefore complex calculations based on MPR MRI are not resistant to low experience as opposed to true 3D CT
Managing prostate cancer after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: feasibility and outcomes of single-port transvesical robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Pedraza Adriana M. , Ferguson Ethan L. , Ramos-Carpinteyro Roxana , Mikesell Carter , Chavali Jaya S. , Soputro Nicolas , Almassi Nima , Weight Christopher , Gorgun Emre , Kaouk Jihad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (PC-IPAA) face unique challenges in managing prostate cancer due to their hostile abdomens and heightened small bowel mucosa radiosensitivity. In such cases, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is contraindicated, and while brachytherapy provides a safer option, its oncologic effectiveness is limited. The Single-Port Transvesical Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (SP TV-RARP) offers promise by avoiding the peritoneal cavity. Our study aims to evaluate its feasibility and outcomes in patients with PC-IPAA.

Methods
A retrospective evaluation was done on patients with PC-IPAA who had undergone SP TV-RARP from June 2020 to June 2023 at a high-volume center. Outcomes and clinicopathologic variables were analyzed.

Results
Eighteen patients underwent SP TV-RARP without experiencing any complications. The median hospital stay was 5.7 h, with 89% of cases discharged without opioids. Foley catheters were removed in an average of 5.5 days. Immediate urinary continence was seen in 39% of the patients, rising to 76 and 86% at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Half of the cohort had non-organ confined disease on final pathology. Two patients with ISUP GG3 and GG4 exhibited detectable PSA post-surgery and required systemic therapy; both had SVI, multifocal ECE, and large cribriform pattern. Positive surgical margins were found in 44% of cases, mostly Gleason pattern 3, unifocal, and limited. After 11.1 months of follow-up, no pouch failure or additional BCR cases were found.

Conclusion
Patients with PC-IPAA often exhibit aggressive prostate cancer features and may derive the greatest benefit from surgical interventions, particularly given that radiation therapy is contraindicated. SP TV-RARP is a safe option for this group, reducing the risk of bowel complications and promoting faster recovery.