bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the cell of origin in breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells
Authors: LINDEMAN Geoffrey J , VISVADER Jane E 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe precise cell types that give rise to tumors and mechanisms that underpin tumor heterogeneity are poorly understood. There is increasing evidence to suggest that diverse solid tumors are hierarchically organized and may be sustained by a distinct subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The CSC hypothesis provides an attractive cellular mechanism that can account for the therapeutic refractoriness and dormant behavior exhibited by many tumor types. Breast cancer was the first solid malignancy from which CSCs were identified and isolated. Direct evidence for the CSC hypothesis has also recently emerged from mouse models of mammary tumorigenesis, although alternative models to explain heterogeneity also seem to apply. Our group has found that the luminal epithelial progenitor marker CD61/β3 integrin identified a CSC population in mammary tumors from MMTV‐wnt‐1 mice. However, no CSCs could be identified in the more homogeneous MMTV‐neu/erbB2 model, suggesting an alternate (clonal evolution or stochastic) model of tumorigenesis. It seems likely that both paradigms of tumor propagation exist in human cancer. From a clinical perspective, the CSC concept has significant implications. Quiescent CSCs are thought to be more resistant to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Enrichment of putative CSCs has been noted in studies of chemotherapy‐treated patients, lending support to the CSC hypothesis and their potential role in chemoresistance. Although many unresolved questions on CSCs remain, ongoing efforts to identify and characterize CSCs continue to be an important area of investigation, with the potential to identify novel tumor targeting strategies.
The Use of Nursing Diagnoses in Perioperative Documentation
Authors: Junttila Kristiina , Hupli Maija , Salanterä Sanna 
Published: April 2010

PURPOSE.  To clinically validate the nursing diagnoses of the first Finnish version of Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS) by using them in perioperative documentation.METHODS.  Nursing diagnoses were used in documentation in four operating departments with 250 patients. In analysis, nonparametric tests were applied.FINDINGS.  While intraoperatively nursing diagnoses focused on physiological concerns, postoperatively the focus shifted to that of recovery.CONCLUSIONS.  The findings revealed the importance of safety‐related routines in perioperative care. Nursing diagnoses in the Finnish version of PNDS are sensitive in describing the rationales for perioperative care.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  Nursing classifications illustrate the nursing process in a structured form. Nursing diagnosis is an early step in the decision‐making process that aims to achieve expected outcomes in nursing care.TARKOITUS:  Validoida PNDS‐luokituksen suomalaisen version diagnoositermit käyttämällä niitä perioperatiivisen hoitotyön kirjaamisessa.MENETELMÄT:  Hoitotyön diagnooseja käytettiin kirjaamisessa 250 potilaan kohdalla. Aineiston analyysissä käytettiin ei‐parametrisiä testejä.TULOKSET:  Hoidon intraoperatiivisessa vaiheessa korostuvat potilaan fysiologiaan liittyvät ja postoperatiivisessa vaiheessa potilaan toipumiseen liittyvät hoitotyön diagnoosit.JOHTOPÄÄTÖKSET:  Perioperatiivisessa hoitotyössä painottuvat potilaan hoidon turvallisuuteen tähtäävät rutiinit. PNDS‐luokituksen suomalaisen version diagnoositermejä voidaan käyttää kuvaamaan leikkauspotilaiden hoidon tarpeita.TULOSTEN HYÖDYNNETTÄVYYS:  Hoitotyön prosessia voidaan kuvata rakenteisesti hoitotyön luokituksilla. Hoitotyön diagnoosin määrittäminen on osa päätöksentekoprosessia tavoitteena tunnistaa ja saavuttaa toivotut tulokset potilaan hoidossa.
Nursing Specialty Knowledge as Expressed by Standardized Nursing Languages
Authors: Thoroddsen Asta , Ehnfors Margareta , Nurs Ed Dipl , Ehrenberg Anna 
Published: April 2010

PURPOSE.  To describe how nursing specialty knowledge is demonstrated in nursing records by use of standardized nursing languages.METHODS.  A cross‐sectional review of nursing records (N = 265) in four specialties.FINDINGS.  The most common nursing diagnoses represented basic human needs of patients across specialties. The nursing diagnoses and related interventions represented specific knowledge in each specialty. Sixty‐three nursing diagnoses (nine appeared in four specialties) and 168 nursing interventions were used (24 appeared in four specialties).CONCLUSIONS.  Findings suggest that standardized nursing languages are capable of distinguishing between specialties. Further studies with large data sets are needed to explore the relationships between nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions in order to make explicit the knowledge that nurses use in their nursing practice.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Nursing data in clinical practice must be stored and retrievable to support clinical decision making, advance nursing knowledge, and the unique perspective of nursing.
Variations in the Na—O anticorrelation in globular clusters: evidence for a deep mixing episode in red giant branch stars
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The Na—O anticorrelation seen in almost all globular clusters ever studied using high-resolution spectroscopy is now generally explained by the primordial pollution from the first generation of the intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars to the protostellar clouds of the second generation of stars. However, the primordial pollution scenario may not tell the whole story for the observed Na–O anticorrelations in globular clusters. Using the recent data by Carretta and his collaborators, the different shapes of the Na–O anticorrelations for red giant branch stars brighter than and fainter than the red giant branch bump can be clearly seen. If the elemental abundance measurements by Carretta and his collaborators are not greatly in error, this variation in the Na–O anticorrelation against luminosity indicates an internal deep mixing episode during the ascent of the low-mass red giant branch in globular clusters. Our result implies that the multiple stellar population division scheme solely based on [O/Fe] and [Na/Fe] ratios of a globular cluster, which is becoming popular, is not reliable for stars brighter than the red giant branch bump. Our result also suggests that sodium supplied by the deep mixing may alleviate the sodium underproduction problem within the primordial asymptotic giant branch pollution scenario.
Fixation of Brain Tumor Biopsy Specimens with RCL2 Results in Well‐Preserved Histomorphology, Immunohistochemistry and Nucleic Acids
Authors: Preusser Matthias , Plumer Sabina , Dirnberger Elisabeth , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Mannhalter Christine 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRCL2 is an alcohol‐based fixative reported to preserve histomorphology and nucleic acids in non‐CNS neoplasms. We compared histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, DNA and RNA in brain tumor specimens preserved frozen at −80°C, and after formalin or RCL2 fixation. RCL2‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (RCLPE) samples showed well‐preserved histomorphology and specific immunoreactivity comparable to formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) specimens testing a broad panel of antibodies. In all the analyzed cases, high‐molecular weight DNA (up to a fragment length of 600 bp) was amplifyable from RCLPE samples, even after prolonged fixation times. Beta‐actin (ACTB) and O6‐methylguanine‐methyltransferase (MGMT) gene concentrations were significantly higher in DNA isolated from RCLPE specimens as compared with FFPE specimens. Testing of MGMT promoter methylation status using methylation‐specific polymerase‐chain reaction (MSP) yielded conclusive results in 8/8 analyses in RCLPE and 6/8 analyses in FFPE material, respectively. Amplification of three reference genes (ABL, RAR‐alpha, BCR‐1) from cDNA showed good RNA preservation in frozen and RCLPE tissue specimens and significant RNA degradation in all FFPE samples. In conclusion, RCL2 fixation of brain tumor biopsies does not seem to significantly compromise histological tumor typing or immunohistochemistry and preserves nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) at a better quality than formalin fixation.
Wallerian Degeneration: A Major Component of Early Axonal Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Dziedzic Tomasz , Metz Imke , Dallenga Tobias , König Fatima Barbara , Müller Sven , Stadelmann Christine , Brück Wolfgang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAxonal loss is a major component of the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the morphological basis of permanent clinical disability. It occurs in demyelinating plaques but also in the so‐called normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM). However, the contribution of Wallerian degeneration to axonal pathology is not known. Here, we analyzed the extent of Wallerian degeneration and axonal pathology in periplaque white matter (PPWM) and lesions in early multiple sclerosis biopsy tissue from 63 MS patients. Wallerian degeneration was visualized using an antibody against the neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (NPY‐Y1R). The number of SMI‐32‐positive axons with non‐phosphorylated neurofilaments was significantly higher in both PPWM and plaques compared to control white matter. APP‐positive, acutely damaged axons were found in significantly higher numbers in plaques compared to PPWM. Strikingly, the number of NPY‐Y1R‐positive axons undergoing Wallerian degeneration was significantly higher in PPWM and plaques than in control WM. NPY‐Y1R‐positive axons in PPWM were strongly correlated to those in the lesions. Our results show that Wallerian degeneration is a major component of axonal pathology in the periplaque white matter in early MS. It may contribute to radiological changes observed in early MS and most likely plays a major role in the development of disability.
Effect of Liberibacter Infection (Huanglongbing or “Greening” Disease) of Citrus on Orange Juice Flavor Quality by Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Plotto Anne , Baldwin Elizabeth , McCollum Greg , Manthey John , Narciso Jan , Irey Mike 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT: Some anecdotal reports suggest that infection of citrus trees with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the suspected causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB) disease, imparts off flavor to orange juice. It is of interest to the industry to know how Las infection affects juice quality with respect to cultivar, maturity, or processing method. Hamlin, Midsweet, and Valencia oranges were harvested over 2 y from trees that tested negative (Las−) or positive (Las+) for Las from different groves and included normal looking (nonsymptomatic) and symptomatic fruit (small, green, and lopsided) from Las+ trees. In the 1st year, fruit were manually juiced, while in the 2nd year, a commercial process was used. Juice from Las+ trees was compared to juice from Las− trees in difference‐from‐control tests, and by descriptive analysis. Results showed large variability due to tree, harvest date, and cultivar. Juice from Hamlin Las+ trees tended to be more bitter and sour than its Las− counterpart. In contrast, hand processed Valencia juice from Las+ trees was perceived to have some off‐flavor and bitterness compared to control, but the following year, commercially processed Valencia juice from Las+ trees was perceived to be only slightly more sour than juice from Las− trees for the April harvest, and to be sweeter for the June harvest. When juice from individual replicates was pooled to be more representative of a commercial situation, there was no difference between Las+ and Las− juice in Valencia. Trained panel differences were noted for juice from Hamlin Las+ fruit, especially for symptomatic fruit.Practical Application: Assumptions that juice made from oranges harvested from Huanglongbing (from infection with Liberibacter sp.) affected trees is off‐flavored appeared to be generally more true for Hamlin juice than for Midsweet or Valencia, especially for Hamlin juice made from symptomatic fruit. For Midsweet and Valencia, flavor differences between juice made from fruit harvested from diseased or healthy trees varied greatly between trees, season, and even processing method. Under a commercial processing situation, where juice is blended from several varieties, seasons, and multiple locations, it is expected that off‐flavor will not be a major problem.
Defying the curse of ignorance: perspectives in insect macroecology and conservation biogeography
Authors: DINIZ‐FILHO JOSE ALEXANDRE FELIZOLA , DE MARCO JR PAULO , HAWKINS BRADFORD A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract.  1. Despite the abundance, richness and ecological importance of insects, distribution patterns remain unknown for most groups, and this creates serious difficulties for the evaluation of macroecological patterns and the underlying drivers. Although the problem is real, we provide an optimistic perspective on insect macroecology and conservation biogeography.2. Although data for macroecological analysis of insects are not as complete as for many other organisms (e.g., mammals and birds), at least for some insect groups they are equivalent to what existed 10 or 20 years ago for the charismatic megafauna, so initiatives to compile data for broad‐scale analyses are feasible.3. The primary constraint for studies in insect macroecology and conservation biogeography is not (only) poor data; part of the problem arises from a lack of knowledge on how macroecological patterns and processes can be analysed and interpreted.4. Finally, we present an overview of recent papers using insects as model organisms in macroecology, including richness and diversity gradients, ecogeographical rules, inter‐specific relationships, conservation planning and modelling species distributions. Although our list is not exhaustive, it may be useful as guidelines for future research and encourage ICD readers to develop analyses for other insect groups.
On the vertical distribution of bees in a temperate deciduous forest
Authors: ULYSHEN MICHAEL D. , SOON VILLU , HANULA JAMES L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract.  1. Despite a growing interest in forest canopy biology, very few studies have examined the vertical distribution of forest bees. In this study, bees were sampled using 12 pairs of flight‐intercept traps suspended in the canopy (≥15 m) and near the ground (0.5 m) in a bottomland hardwood forest in the southeastern United States.2. In total, 6653 bees from 5 families and 71 species were captured. Augochlora pura (Say) (Halictidae), accounted for over 91% of all bees collected and was over 40 times more abundant on average in the canopy than near the ground.3. Even after removing A. pura from the dataset, bee abundance, richness and Shannon’s diversity were considerably higher in the canopy than near the ground.4. According to both non‐metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarities, the bee community in the canopy was distinct from that near the ground. Based on indicator species analysis, A. pura, Lasioglossum imitatum (Smith), Lasioglossum versatum sensu Mitch., and Lasioglossum zephyrum (Smith) were significantly associated with the canopy whereas Andrena personata Robertson and Lasioglossum macoupinense (Robertson) were significantly associated with the ground.5. Augochlora pura was consistently more abundant in the canopy than near the ground throughout the season, but was more so in mid‐to‐late summer (i.e., June–September), a period coinciding with low floral resource availability. As a group, the remaining bee community exhibited a similar pattern.6. We suspect that bees frequent the canopy, particularly during times of low nectar and pollen availability, to acquire non‐floral resources such as honeydew and sap.
Pathological airway remodelling in inflammation
Authors: Westergren‐Thorsson Gunilla , Larsen Kristoffer , Nihlberg Kristian , Andersson‐Sjöland Annika , Hallgren Oskar , Marko‐Varga György , Bjermer Leif 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  Airway remodelling refers to a wide pattern of patophysiological mechanisms involving smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, increase of activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with deposition of extracellular matrix. In asthma, it includes alterations of the epithelial cell layer with goblet cell hyperplasia, thickening of basement membranes, peri‐bronchial and peri‐broncheolar fibrosis. Moreover, airway remodelling occurs not only in asthma but also in several pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. Asthma treatment with inhaled corticosteroids does not fully prevent airway remodelling and thus have restricted influence on the natural course of the disease.Objectives:  This review highlights the role of different fibroblast phenotypes and potential origins of these cells in airway remodelling.Results:  During inflammatory conditions, such as asthma, fibroblasts can differentiate into an active, more contractile phenotype termed myofibroblast, with expression of stress fibres and alpha‐smooth muscle actin. The origin of myofibroblasts has lately been debated, and three sources have been identified: recruitment and differentiation of resident tissue fibroblasts; fibrocytes – circulating progenitor cells; and epithelial–mesenchymal transition.Conclusion:  It is clear that airway mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, are more dynamic in terms of differentiation and origin than has previously been recognised. Considering that these cells are key players in the remodelling process, it is of utmost importance to characterise specific markers for the various fibroblast phenotypes and to explore factors that drive the differentiation to develop future diagnostic and therapeutic tools for asthma patients.Please cite this paper as: Westergren‐Thorsson G, Larsen K, Nihlberg K, Andersson‐Sjöland A, Hallgren O, Marko‐Varga G and Bjermer L. Pathological airway remodelling in inflammation. Clin Respir J 2010; 4 (Suppl. 1): 1–8.
Monitoring airway remodeling in asthma
Authors: Larsson Kjell 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  Airway remodeling occurs in both mild and severe forms of asthma but, from a clinical point of view, airway remodeling in asthma is difficult to monitor.Objectives:  The objective of this overview is to make an inventory of which methods could be possible to monitor airway remodeling in asthma.Methods:  Access to airway tissue through biopsies or material from surgery enables direct assessment of airway remodeling but there are no specific inflammatory markers obtained from, for example, sputum, lavage fluid, blood, exhaled air, exhaled breath condensate, urine or saliva that reflect certain aspects of airway remodeling. Physiological measures such as changes in lung function and bronchial responsiveness over time co‐varies with changes in airway structure but these interactions are complex and non‐specific. Novel imaging techniques have shown promising results and recent studies have demonstrated how structural airway and lung changes can be detected on computerized tomography.Results and Conclusion:  Today, there are no available techniques for monitoring airway remodeling in daily clinical practice, but further development within this area and studies on co‐variation between physiologic, inflammatory and visual abnormalities will likely enable us to better monitor airway remodeling in the future.Please cite this paper as: Larsson K. Monitoring airway remodeling in asthma. Clin Respir J 2010; 4 (Suppl. 1): 35–40.
Effects of pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions
Authors: Sandström Thomas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground:  Asthma is recognised as a condition with variable airway obstruction with pathophysiological features that include activation of a wide range of inflammatory and structural cells. Additionally, structural changes in the airways have been demonstrated. This includes increased thickening of components in the basement membrane region, increased smooth muscle mass, increased vascularisation and many other events that is often referred to as remodelling of the airways. These processes and the underlying mechanisms have attracted considerable attention.Methods and Results:  This review describes the different interventive approaches that have been tried in order to improve asthma control and affect the underlying pathophysiological pathways. These include elimination of harmful environmental and occupational exposures, a wide range of pharmacological agents as well as bronchial thermoplasty. The existing evidence for effects on airway inflammation and airway remodelling is discussed in relationship to mechanistic aspects and short‐ and long‐term outcome.Conclusion:  It is expected that modulation of the asthmatic airway remodelling will become an even more important endpoint in the near future.Please cite this paper as: Sandström T. Effects of pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions. Clin Respir J 2010; 4 (Suppl. 1): 41–48.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐dependent production of profibrotic mediators by hypoxic Kupffer cells
Authors: Copple Bryan L. , Bai Shan , Moon Jeon‐Ok 
Published: April 2010

Aim:  Liver fibrosis develops when chronic liver injury stimulates cells in the liver to produce mediators that activate hepatic stellate cells and stimulate them to secrete collagen. Recent studies suggest that the hypoxia‐regulated transcription factor, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, is essential for upregulation of profibrotic mediators, such as platelet‐derived growth factor, in the liver during the development of liver fibrosis. What remains unknown, however, is the cell type‐specific regulation of profibrotic mediators by hypoxia‐inducible factors. Accordingly, in the present study the hypothesis tested was that hypoxia‐inducible factors regulate production of profibrotic mediators by hypoxic Kupffer cells.Methods:  Kupffer cells were isolated from control mice and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1β‐deficient mice and exposed to room air or 1% oxygen (i.e. hypoxia). Levels of profibrotic mediators were quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results:  Exposure of Kupffer cells isolated from control mice to 1% oxygen activated hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, and increased mRNA levels of platelet‐derived growth factor‐B, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin‐1 and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1. Upregulation of all of these mediators by hypoxia was prevented in Kupffer cells isolated from hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1β‐deficient mice.Conclusion:  Results from these studies suggest that hypoxia‐inducible factors are critical regulators of profibrotic mediator production by hypoxic Kupffer cells.