bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the large‐scale vortex instability on latitude, stratification, and domain size
Authors: Mantere M.J. , Käpylä P.J. , Hackman T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn an earlier study, we reported on the excitation of large‐scale vortices in Cartesian hydrodynamical convection models subject to rapid enough rotation. In that study, the conditions for the onset of the instability were investigated in terms of the Reynolds (Re) and Coriolis (Co) numbers in models located at the stellar North pole. In this study, we extend our investigation to varying domain sizes, increasing stratification, and place the box at different latitudes. The effect of the increasing box size is to increase the sizes of the generated structures, so that the principal vortex always fills roughly half of the computational domain. The instability becomes stronger in the sense that the temperature anomaly and change in the radial velocity are observed to be enhanced. The model with the smallest box size is found to be stable against the instability, suggesting that a sufficient scale separation between the convective eddies and the scale of the domain is required for the instability to work. The instability can be seen upto the colatitude of 30 degrees, above which value the flow becomes dominated by other types of mean flows. The instability can also be seen in a model with larger stratification. Unlike the weakly stratified cases, the temperature anomaly caused by the vortex structures is seen to depend on depth (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analytic and numerical models of the 3D multipolar magnetospheres of pre‐main sequence stars
Authors: Gregory S.G. , Donati J.‐F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTraditionally models of accretion of gas on to T Tauri stars have assumed a dipole stellar magnetosphere, partly for simplicity, but also due to the lack of information about their true magnetic field topologies. Before and since the first magnetic maps of an accreting T Tauri star were published in 2007 a new generation of magnetospheric accretion models have been developed that incorporate multipole magnetic fields. Three‐dimensional models of the large‐scale stellar magnetosphere with an observed degree of complexity have been produced via numerical field extrapolation from observationally derived T Tauri magnetic maps. Likewise, analytic and magnetohydrodynamic models with multipolar stellar magnetic fields have been produced. In this conference review article we compare and contrast the numerical field extrapolation and analytic approaches, and argue that the large‐scale magnetospheres of some (but not all) accreting T Tauri stars can be well described by tilted dipole plus tilted octupole field components. We further argue that the longitudinal field curve, whether derived from accretion related emission lines, or from photospheric absorption lines, provides poor constrains on the large‐scale magnetic field topology and that detailed modeling of the rotationally modulated Stokes V signal is required to recover the true field complexity. We conclude by examining the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of both the field extrapolation and analytic approaches, and also those of magnetohydrodynamic models (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differential rotation and meridional flow on the lower zero‐age main sequence: Reynolds stress versus barocinic flow
Authors: Küker M. , Rüdiger G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe study the variation of surface differential rotation and meridional flow along the lower part of the zero age main sequence (ZAMS). We first compute a sequence of stellar models with masses from 0.3 to 1.5 solar masses. We then construct mean field models of their outer convection zones and compute differential rotation and meridional flows by solving the Reynolds equation with transport coefficients from the second order correlation approximation. For a fixed rotation period of 2.5 d we find a strong dependence of the surface differential rotation on the effective temperature with weak surface shear for M dwarfs and very large values for F stars. The increase with effective temperature is modest below 6000 K but very steep above 6000 K. The meridional flow shows a similar variation with temperature but the increase with temperature is not quite so steep. Both the surface rotation and the meridional circulation are solar‐type over the entire temperature range. We also study the dependence of differential rotation and meridional flow on the rotation period for masses. from 0.3 to 1.1 solar masses. The variation of the differential rotation with period is weak except for very rapid rotation. The meridional flow shows a systematic increase of the flow speed with the rotation rate. Numerical experiments in which either the Λ effect is dropped in the Reynolds stress or the baroclinic term in the equation of motion is canceled show that for effective temperatures below 6000 K the Reynolds stress is the dominant driver of differential rotation (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular diagnostic analysis of outbreak scenarios
Authors: Morsink M C. , Dekter H. E. , Dirks‐Mulder A. , van Leeuwen W. B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the current laboratory assignment, technical aspects of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are integrated in the context of six different bacterial outbreak scenarios. The “Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Sequence” (ERIC) PCR was used to analyze different outbreak scenarios. First, groups of 2–4 students determined optimal ERIC‐PCR conditions to validate the protocol and subsequently applied ERIC‐PCR to identify genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Based on these genetic fingerprints, students selected the outbreak cases from the patient samples and assessed the risk factors for the outbreak scenario. Finally, students presented their findings during a classroom presentation. The results indicated that the assignment successfully facilitated student learning on the technical aspects of (ERIC) PCR and clearly demonstrated the practical application of PCR in a clinical diagnostic setting. Additionally, the assignment was highly appreciated by the students.
Enhanced electroporation in plant tissues via low frequency pulsed electric fields: Influence of cytoplasmic streaming
Authors: Asavasanti Suvaluk , Stroeve Pieter , Barrett Diane M. , Jernstedt Judith A. , Ristenpart William D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPulsed electric fields (PEF) are known to be effective at permeabilizing plant tissues. Prior research has demonstrated that lower pulse frequencies induce higher rates of permeabilization, but the underlying reason for this response is unclear. Intriguingly, recent microscopic observations with onion tissues have also revealed a correlation between PEF frequency and the subsequent speed of intracellular convective motion, i.e., cytoplasmic streaming. In this paper, we investigate the effect of cytoplasmic streaming on the efficacy of plant tissue permeabilization via PEF. Onion tissue samples were treated with Cytochalasin B, a known inhibitor of cytoplasmic streaming, and changes in cellular integrity and viability were measured over a wide range of frequencies and field strengths. We find that at low frequencies (f < 1 Hz), the absence of cytoplasmic streaming results in a 19% decrease in the conductivity disintegration index compared with control samples. Qualitatively, similar results were observed using a microscopic cell viability assay. The results suggest that at low frequencies convection plays a statistically significant role in distributing more conductive fluid throughout the tissue, making subsequent pulses more efficacious. The key practical implication is that PEF pretreatment at low frequency can increase the rate of tissue permeabilization in dehydration or extraction processes, and that the treatment will be most effective when cytoplasmic streaming is most active, i.e., with freshly prepared plant tissues. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
The laryngeal saccule: Clinical significance
Authors: Porter Paul W. , Vilensky Joel A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe association between the laryngeal saccule and a laryngocele is an important clinical relationship. Here, we describe this and other clinical correlations of the saccule including infection and carcinoma and suggest that these should be discussed in medical gross anatomy courses. We also briefly present some descriptive information on the anatomy and function of the saccule in humans and other higher primates. Clin. Anat. 25:647–649, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tendon impingement of the extensor digiti minimi: Clinical cases series and cadaveric study
Authors: Yoo Moon‐Jib , Chung Kyung‐Tae , Kim Jong‐Pil , Kim Myeung‐Ju , Lee Kyung‐Joon 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe authors describe two unique clinical cases of closed extensor digiti minimi (EDM) tendon injuries after hyperflexion of the wrist with full finger flexion and one case of chronic tenosynovitis around the EDM tendon. All three cases were thought to be related to the bifurcation of the EDM tendon and synovial septum. Subsequently, variations in EDM tendons were investigated in 49 cadaveric hands with a focus on patterns of tendon bifurcation and their relationships with the surrounding synovial sheath. The EDM tendon was found to be bifurcated in 74% (n = 36) of hands and all of these hands contained a synovial septum. In 9 (25%) hands, the EDM tendon bifurcated proximal to the retinaculum, in 15 (42%), it bifurcated distal to the retinaculum, and in the other 12 hands (33%), the tendon bifurcated at the retinacular level. In 6 of the 15 hands with an infraretinacular bifurcation, the tendon was found to impinge on the synovial septum during passive flexion of the wrist with full finger flexion, and the mean distance between the synovial septum and the bifurcation point in these specimens was 0.6 cm (range, 0.4–0.7 cm), which was differed significantly from hands not showing impingement (P = 0.01). This study shows that distal bifurcation of the EDM tendon may lead to tendon impingement on the septum and suggests that this is a potential etiology of chronic tenosynovitis of the fifth compartment and of acute closed tendon injuries. Clin. Anat. 25:755–761, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of pre‐hospital glycoprotein IIb–IIIa inhibitors on angiographic outcome in STEMI patients who are candidates for primary PCI
Authors: Hermanides Renicus S. , van Werkum J. Wouter , Ottervanger Jan Paul , Breet Nicoline J. , Gosselink A.T. Marcel , van Houwelingen K. Gert , Dambrink Jan‐Henk E. , Hamm Christian , ten Berg Jurrien M. , van 't Hof Arnoud W.J. ,   On behalf of the Ongoing Tirofiban In Myocardial infarction Evaluation (On‐TIME) 2 study group
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives: Aim of this study was to assess the effect of early initiation of high bolus dose tirofiban on top of dual antiplatelet therapy on angiographic outcome before and after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST‐elevation myocardial infraction patients. Background: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are effective inhibitors of platelet aggregation, and have shown to reduce thrombotic complications in patients undergoing PCI. Methods: This is a pre‐specified angiographic analysis of the On‐TIME 2 trial (N = 984) and its open label run‐in phase (N = 414). All angiographic parameters, including quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) were performed in an independent angiographic core lab. Results: Of the 1,398 patients, 709 patients (50.7%) were randomized to pre‐hospital tirofiban. An open infarct related vessel (TIMI 2 or 3 flow) at initial angiography was more often present in the tirofiban group as compared to the no tirofiban group (58.3% vs. 49.7%, P = 0.002). Tirofiban also reduced initial thrombus burden (P for trend = 0.035) as well as thrombus grade 5 (46.9% vs. 54.3%, P = 0.016) and showed a trend toward a reduction in large thrombus burden (LTB) (69.4% vs. 74.5%, P = 0.055). After PCI, a trend towards a lower corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) in the tirofiban group was found. A significant interaction was found with time of initiation of study drug, with highest efficacy of tirofiban when given within 76 min after symptom onset, with a significantly lower cTFC after PCI (21.9 ± 17.6 vs. 23.9 ± 18.5, P = 0.008, P for interaction P = 0.006). Conclusion: In patients undergoing primary PCI, pre‐hospital administration of tirofiban reduces initial thrombus burden and improves initial patency of the infarct related vessel before PCI. Initiation of tirofiban seems to be most effective when given very early after the onset of symptoms; however, this finding needs confirmation in other studies. Clinical trial registration: The On‐TIME 2 trial is registered, at http://isrctn.org, number ISRCTN06195297. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of the perimembranous ventricular septal defect—preclinical trial of a new amplatzer device
Authors: Bass John L. , Gruenstein Daniel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives: This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of implanting a new nitinol device for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in a swine model. Background: Perimembranous ventricular septal defect occurs in 80% of patients requiring treatment for congenital heart disease. Methods: The Amplatzer perimembranous ventricular septal occluder device (pmVSO2 device, AGA Medical Company, Plymouth MN) is a new transcatheter Nitinol device containing polyester fabric designed to close the perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD). The device has 75% reduction in radial force, 45% reduction in clamping force, and increased stability as compared to the previous version. The device was implanted in six swine with naturally occurring perimembranous VSD with immediate, 1, 7, ∼30, and ∼90 day followup by echocardiography, angiography, and final pathological examination. Results: The device was successfully implanted in all animals and was retrievable and repositionable. There was complete occlusion of the VSD in five of six cases without embolization. There was no thrombus formation on the device or occurrence of complete heart block. A single instance of a tiny residual shunt was attributed to capture of tricuspid valve apparatus. Conclusions: The success of this animal study confirms safety and feasibility of the Amplatzer pmVSO2 device. Human trials are planned. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Hydrogenation with Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Selectivity Achieved by Size‐Exclusion Design of Lewis Acids
Authors: Erős Gábor , Nagy Krisztina , Mehdi Hasan , Pápai Imre , Nagy Péter , Király Péter , Tárkányi Gábor , Soós Tibor 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenation that utilizes frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalysts is a subject of growing interest because such catalysts offer a unique opportunity for the development of transition‐metal‐free hydrogenations. The aim of our recent efforts is to further increase the functional‐group tolerance and chemoselectivity of FLP catalysts by means of size‐exclusion catalyst design. Given that hydrogen molecule is the smallest molecule, our modified Lewis acids feature a highly shielded boron center that still allows the cleavage of the hydrogen but avoids undesirable FLP reactivity by simple physical constraint. As a result, greater latitude in substrate scope can be achieved, as exemplified by the chemoselective reduction of α,β‐unsaturated imines, ketones, and quinolines. In addition to synthetic aspects, detailed NMR spectroscopic, DFT, and 2H isotopic labeling studies were performed to gain further mechanistic insight into FLP hydrogenation.
Analysis of NAD 2D‐NMR Spectra of Saturated Fatty Acids in Polypeptide Aligning Media by Experimental and Modeling Approaches
Authors: Serhan Zeinab , Borgogno Andrea , Billault Isabelle , Ferrarini Alberta , Lesot Philippe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe overall and detailed elucidation (including the stereochemical aspects) of enzymatic mechanisms requires the access to all reliable information related to the natural isotopic fractionation of both precursors and products. Natural abundance deuterium (NAD) 2D‐NMR experiments in polypeptide liquid‐crystalline solutions are a new, suitable tool for analyzing site‐specific deuterium isotopic distribution profiles. Here this method is utilized for analyzing saturated C14 to C18 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which are challenging because of the crowding of signals in a narrow spectral region. Experiments in achiral and chiral oriented solutions were performed. The spectral analysis is supplemented by the theoretical prediction of quadrupolar splittings as a function of the geometry and flexibility of FAMEs, based on a novel computational methodology. This allows us to confirm the spectral assignments, while providing insights into the mechanism of solute ordering in liquid‐crystalline polypeptide solutions. This is found to be dominated by steric repulsions between FAMEs and polypeptides.
Comparison of Vascular Remodeling in Patients Treated With Sirolimus‐Versus Zotarolimus‐Eluting Stent Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kang Ki‐Woon , Ko Young‐Guk , Shin Dong‐Ho , Kim Jung‐Sun , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong‐Ki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:The differences in the vascular response to stent implantation or in the incidence of late acquired stent malapposition among different types of drug‐eluting stents are not well known in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).Hypothesis:The pattern of vascular remodeling and degree of neointimal proliferation were different depending on the different types of drug‐eluting stents.Methods:This study used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to investigate vascular remodeling in patients treated with implantation of sirolimus‐eluting stents (SESs) vs zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZESs) following acute MI. The study population consisted of 100 patients with acute MI who were treated either with SES (n = 41) or ZES (n = 59) and underwent both poststenting and 9‐month follow‐up IVUS examination. Serial vascular changes surrounding stented segments were compared between SES‐ and ZES‐treated lesions.Results:Percentage of neointimal volume obstruction at follow‐up was significantly smaller in SES‐treated compared to ZES‐treated lesions (2.8 ± 7.1% vs 18.1 ± 15.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, positive vascular remodeling, which was defined as greater than 10% increase in external elastic membrane volume index (31.7% vs 10.2%, respectively, P = 0.007), and late acquired stent malapposition (12.0% vs 0%, respectively, P = 0.006 ) occurred more frequently in SES‐treated than in ZES‐treated lesions.Conclusions:The pattern of vascular remodeling, including positive remodeling, late acquired stent malapposition, and degree of neointimal proliferation might be different depending on the different types of drug‐eluting stents in patients with acute MI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Ki‐Woon Kang, MD, and Young‐Guk Ko, MD, contributed equally to this manuscript.This study was partly supported by grants of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (No. A085012 and A102064); the Korea Health 21 R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (0412‐CR02‐0704‐0001 and No. A085136); and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.
Adsorption of Metal Ions onto the Chemically Modified Agricultural Waste
Authors: Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy , Ramalingam Subramaniam , Abhinaya Ramasundaram Vijayakumar , Kirupha Selvaraj Dinesh , Murugesan Arukkani , Sivanesan Subramanian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses about the adsorption of metal ions such as Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Ni(II) from aqueous solution by sulfuric acid treated cashew nut shell (STCNS). The adsorption process depends on the solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ions concentration, and temperature. The adsorption kinetics was relatively fast and equilibrium was reached at 30 min. The adsorption equilibrium follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity values of the modified cashew nut shell (CNS) for metal ions were 406.6 mg/g for Cu(II), 436.7 mg/g for Cd(II), 455.7 mg/g for Zn(II), and 456.3 mg/g for Ni(II). The thermodynamic study shows the adsorption of metal ions onto the STCNS was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The kinetics of metal ions adsorption onto the STCNS followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The external mass transfer controlled metal ions removal at the earlier stages and intraparticle diffusion at the later stages of adsorption. A Boyd kinetic plot confirms that the external mass transfer was the slowest step involved in the adsorption of metal ions onto the STCNS. A single‐stage batch adsorber was designed using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation.
The Seashell Wastes as Biosorbent for Reactive Dye Removal from Textile Effluents
Authors: Suteu Daniela , Bilba Doina , Aflori Magdalena , Doroftei Florica , Lisa Gabriela , Badeanu Marinela , Malutan Teodor 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study investigates structural and adsorption properties of the powdered waste shells of Rapana gastropod and their use as a new cheap adsorbent to remove reactive dye Brilliant Red HE‐3B from aqueous solutions under batch conditions. For the powder shells characterization, solubility tests in acidic solutions and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and thermogravimetric analyses were performed. The results revealed that the adsorbent surface is heterogeneous consisting mainly from calcium carbonate layers (either calcite or aragonite) and a small amount of organic macromolecules (proteins and polysaccharides). The dye adsorptive potential of gastropod shells powder was evaluated as function of initial solution pH (1–5), adsorbent dose (6–40 g L−1), dye concentration (50–300 mg L−1), temperature (5–60°C), and contact time (0–24 h). It was observed that the maximum values of dye percentage removal were obtained at the initial pH of solution 1.2, shells dose of 40 g L−1, dye initial concentration of 50–50 mg L−1 and higher temperatures; the equilibrium time decreases with increasing of dye concentration. It is proved that the waste seashell powder can be used as low cost bioinorganic adsorbent for dyes removal from textile wastewaters.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Chinese Forest Industry: Understanding Multiple Stakeholder Perceptions
Authors: Wang Lei , Juslin Heikki 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe stakeholder theory is a useful tool for collecting and evaluating corporate social responsibility (CSR) data. Using a multistakeholder approach, we have succeeded in evaluating the CSR performance of the Chinese forest industry. In all, 810 observations have been made using a quantitative research method. This study contributes in three aspects. (1) The findings demonstrate that the stakeholder theory is a useful tool for collecting and evaluating CSR data. (2) We have systemically studied CSR issues in the Chinese forest sector, finding that the Chinese forest industry performs slightly better in its economic responsibility than environmental and social responsibilities. (3) Its results provide strong empirical evidence to suggest that values have a significant effect on the stakeholder perception of CSR performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.