bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H∞ Observer Design for Descriptor Systems with Slope‐Restricted Nonlinearities
Authors: Yang Chunyu , Zhang Qingling , Chou Jyh‐Horng , Yin Fei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper considers the H∞ observer design problem for a class of nonlinear descriptor systems subject to disturbances. A linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐based observer design method is derived such that the error system is internally exponentially stable with a given decay rate and the L
2 gain of the mapping from the disturbances to the error output is less than or equal to a prescribed level. It is further shown that the solution to the obtained observer system exists and is unique for any compatible initial condition. Two convex optimization problems are formulated to improve the estimation performance. The obtained results are illustrated by numerical examples.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Abstractness and continuity in the syntactic development of young children with autism
Authors: Naigles Letitia R. , Kelty Emma , Jaffery Rose , Fein Deborah 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGrammar is frequently considered to be a strength in the cognitive profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, few studies have investigated how abstract (i.e. distinct from specific lexical items) is the grammatical knowledge of individuals with ASD. In this study, we examine the extent to which children with ASD have abstracted the transitive (SVO) frame in English. Participants in a longitudinal study of language acquisition in children with autism (17 children with ASD averaging 41 months of age, 18 TD children averaging 28 months of age) were taught two novel verbs in transitive sentences and asked (via intermodal preferential looking) whether these verbs mapped onto novel causative vs. noncausative actions. Both groups consistently mapped the verbs onto the causative actions (i.e. they engaged in syntactic bootstrapping). Moreover, the children with ASD's performance on this task was significantly and independently predicted by both vocabulary and sentence‐processing measures obtained 8 months earlier. We conclude that many children with ASD are able to generalize grammatical patterns, and this ability may derive from earlier lexical and grammatical knowledge. Autism Res 2011,4:422–437. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on magnetism and bioelectromagnetics for 45 years: From magnetic analog memory to human brain stimulation and imaging
Authors: Ueno Shoogo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractForty‐five years of studies on magnetism and bioelectromagnetics, in our laboratory, are presented. This article is prepared for the d'Arsonval Award Lecture. After a short introduction of our early work on magnetic analog memory, we review and discuss the following topics: (1) Magnetic nerve stimulation and localized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human brain by figure‐eight coils; (2) Measurements of weak magnetic fields generated from the brain by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) systems, called magnetoencephalography (MEG), and its application in functional brain studies; (3) New methods of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the imaging of impedance of the brain, called impedance MRI, and the imaging of neuronal current activities in the brain, called current MRI; (4) Cancer therapy and other medical treatments by pulsed magnetic fields; (5) Effects of static magnetic fields and magnetic control of cell orientation and cell growth; and (6) Effects of radio frequency magnetic fields and control of iron ion release and uptake from and into ferritins, iron cage proteins. These bioelectromagnetic studies have opened new horizons in magnetism and medicine, in particular for brain research and treatment of ailments such as depression, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases. Bioelectromagnetics 33:3–22, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liposomes surface conjugated with human hemoglobin target delivery to macrophages
Authors: Zhang Ning , Palmer Andre F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCurrent strategies to deliver therapeutic molecules to specific cell and tissue types rely on conjugation of antibodies and other targeting ligands directly to the therapeutic molecule itself or its carrier. This work describes a novel strategy to deliver therapeutic molecules into macrophages that takes advantage of the native hemoglobin (Hb) scavenging activity of plasma haptoglobin (Hp) and the subsequent uptake of the Hb–Hp complex into macrophages via CD163 receptor‐mediated endocytosis. The drug delivery system described in this work consists of Hb decorated liposomes that can encapsulate any therapeutic molecule of interest, in this case the model fluorescent dye calcein was used in this study. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that this delivery system is specific towards macrophages and demonstrates the feasibility of using this approach in targeted drug delivery. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:823–829. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Branched polyethylene glycol for protein precipitation
Authors: Sim Siow‐Leng , He Tao , Tscheliessnig Anne , Mueller Monika , Tan Reginald B.H. , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe use of linear PEGs for protein precipitation raises the issues of high viscosity and limited selectivity. This paper explores PEG branching as a way to alleviate the first problem, by using 3‐arm star as the model branched structure. 3‐arm star PEGs of 4,000 to 9,000 Da were synthesized and characterized. The effects of PEG branching were then elucidated by comparing the branched PEG precipitants to linear versions of equivalent molecular weights, in terms of IgG recovery from CHO cell culture supernatant, precipitation selectivity, solubility of different purified proteins, and precipitation kinetics. Two distinct effects were observed: PEG branching reduced dynamic viscosity; secondly, the branched PEGs precipitated less proteins and did so more slowly. Precipitation selectivity was largely unaffected. When the branched PEGs were used at concentrations higher than their linear counterparts to give similar precipitation yields, the dynamic viscosity of the branched PEGs were noticeably lower. Interestingly, the precipitation outcome was found to be a strong function of PEG hydrodynamic radius, regardless of PEG shape and molecular weight. These observations are consistent with steric mechanisms such as volume exclusion and attractive depletion. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:736–746. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel population balance model to investigate the kinetics of in vitro cell proliferation: Part II. numerical solution, parameters' determination, and model outcomes
Authors: Fadda Sarah , Cincotti Alberto , Cao Giacomo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBased on the general theoretical model developed in Part I of this work, a series of numerical simulations related to the in vitro proliferation kinetics of adherent cells is here presented. First the complex task of assigning a specific value to all the parameters of the proposed population balance (PB) model is addressed, by also highlighting the difficulties arising when performing proper comparisons with experimental data. Then, a parametric sensitivity analysis is performed, thus identifying the more relevant parameters from a kinetics perspective. The proposed PB model can be adapted to describe cell growth under various conditions, by properly changing the value of the adjustable parameters. For this reason, model parameters able to mimic cell culture behavior under microgravity conditions are identified by means of a suitable parametric sensitivity analysis. Specifically, it is found that, as the volume growth parameter is reduced, proliferation slows down while cells arrest in G0/G1 or G2/M depending on the initial distribution of cell population. On the basis of this result, model capabilities have been tested by means of a proper comparison with literature experimental data related to the behavior of synchronized and not‐synchronized cells under micro‐ and standard gravity levels. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:782–796. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel population balance model to investigate the kinetics of in vitro cell proliferation: Part I. model development
Authors: Fadda Sarah , Cincotti Alberto , Cao Giacomo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn biotechnology and biomedicine reliable models of cell proliferation kinetics need to capture the relevant phenomena taking place during the mitotic cycle. To this aim, a novel mathematical model helpful to investigate the intrinsic kinetics of in vitro culture of adherent cells up to confluence is proposed in this work. Specifically, the attention is focused on the simulation of proliferation (increase of cell number) and maturation (increase of cell size and DNA content) till contact inhibition eventually takes place inside a Petri dish. Accordingly, the proposed model is based on a population balance (PB) approach that allows one to quantitatively describe cell cycle progression through the different phases the cells of the entire population experienced during their own life. In particular, the proposed model has been developed as a 2D, multi‐staged, and unstructured PB, by considering a different sub‐population of cells for any single phase of the cell cycle. These sub‐populations are discriminated through cellular volume and DNA content, that both increase during the mitotic cycle. The adopted mathematical expressions of the transition rates between two subsequent phases and the temporal increase of cell volume and DNA content are thoroughly analyzed and discussed with respect to those ones available in the literature. Specifically, the corresponding uncertainties and pitfalls are pointed out, by also taking into account the difficulties and the limitations involved in the quantitative measurements currently practicable for these biological systems. A novel mathematical expression for contact inhibition in line with the PB model developed is also formulated, along with a proper comparison between modeled and measurable DNA distributions. The strategy for a reliable, independent tuning of the adjustable parameters involved in the proposed model along with its numerical solution is outlined in Part II of this work, where it is also shown how it can be profitably used to gain a deeper insight into the phenomena involved during cell cultivation under microgravity conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:772–781. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stability of Uni‐ and Multillamellar Spherical Vesicles
Authors: Tayebi Lobat , Vashaee Daryoosh , Parikh Atul N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLipid molecules in water form uni‐ or multilamellar vesicles in polydisperse form. Herein, we present energetic considerations for their equilibrium morphological organization. Our formulation provides elemental energy diagrams, which explain the polydispersity and account for the structural diversity. These energy diagrams describe the ranges of core radius (rc) and number of lamellae (N) that result in the formation of stable vesicles under specific conditions, thus providing prescriptions for the design of vesicles tailored for specific properties, including stability, cargo capacity, and resistance to deformation by osmotic stress. We deduced key design criteria as follows: 1) designing highly stable unilamellar vesicles requires low bending rigidity lipids and dimensions exceeding a few hundred nm in radii; 2) very large unilamellar vesicles (rc>several tens of microns) are not stable for typical lipids; lipids with higher bending rigidity are required; 3) the distribution of the stable size of vesicles is proportional to the bending rigidity; 4) for the case of multilamellar vesicles, vesicles with more than a few hundred layers usually exhibit greater structural integrity than those with lower degrees of lamellarity, especially when the core radii are small (<100 nm); 5) for osmotically stressed vesicles, the energy contributed by even a small concentration gradient (>mM) is the most dominant factor in the free energy, suggesting active response by vesicles (e.g., poration) to release osmotic stress; and 6) vesicles with a core radius of a few hundred nm and more than hundred lamellae are more resistant to deformation by osmotic stress, thus making them more suited to applications involving osmotic pressure gradients, such as in drug delivery.
Urinary excretion of exogenous glycerol administration at rest
Authors: Koehler Karsten , Braun Hans , de Marees Markus , Geyer Hans , Thevis Mario , Mester Joachim , Schaenzer Wilhelm 
Published: October 2011

Since 2010, glycerol has been ruled a masking agent by the World Anti‐Doping Agency and consequently its administration is prohibited in sports. A detection method is available but little is known about the urinary excretion following administration.Fourteen well‐trained cyclists (27.0 ± 5.4 years; O2max: 63.9 ± 8.5 ml/kg/min) were administered glycerol (1 g/kg body mass + 25 ml water/kg body mass) and placebo (25 ml water/kg) in a cross‐over study. Blood and urine samples were collected before administration and after 2.5, 4, and 6.5 h. Urine samples were further collected up to 24 h post‐administration.Following glycerol administration, urinary glycerol increased from 10.9 ± 15.5 to 50581 ± 23821 µg/ml within 2.5 h. In the placebo group, urinary glycerol did not exceed 26.8 ± 31.3 µg/ml. Urinary concentrations in the glycerol group were significantly higher than in the placebo group for 16.9 ± 1.0 h.In comparison to placebo, glycerol caused a larger increase in body weight (0.69 ± 0.42 vs. 0.27 ± 0.44 kg; p < 0.05) and a reduced urine output (972 ± 379 vs. 1271 ± 387 ml; p < 0.05). Reductions in haemoglobin and haematocrit were significantly greater after glycerol (−0.60 ± 0.28 g/dl; ‐1.7 ± 0.7%) than after placebo administration (−0.29 ± 0.39 g/dl; ‐0.9 ± 1.1%).The study shows that glycerol administration was detectable in urine for several hours. Even though there were significant reductions in haemoglobin and haematocrit after 2.5 h, the plasma expansion by glycerol appeared rather marginal in comparison to placebo. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Axonemal positioning and orientation in three‐dimensional space for primary cilia: What is known, what is assumed, and what needs clarification
Authors: Farnum Cornelia E. , Wilsman Norman J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo positional characteristics of the ciliary axoneme—its location on the plasma membrane as it emerges from the cell, and its orientation in three‐dimensional (3D) space—are known to be critical for optimal function of actively motile cilia (including nodal cilia), as well as for modified cilia associated with special senses. However, these positional characteristics have not been analyzed to any significant extent for primary cilia. This review briefly summarizes the history of knowledge of these two positional characteristics across a wide spectrum of cilia, emphasizing their importance for proper function. Then the review focuses what is known about these same positional characteristics for primary cilia in all major tissue types where they have been reported. The review emphasizes major areas that would be productive for future research for understanding how positioning and 3D orientation of primary cilia may be related to their hypothesized signaling roles within different cellular populations. Developmental Dynamics 240:2405–2431, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A focal adhesion protein‐based mechanochemical checkpoint regulates cleft progression during branching morphogenesis
Authors: Daley William P. , Kohn Joshua M. , Larsen Melinda 
Published: October 2011

AbstractE13 mouse submandibular salivary gland (SMG) cultured for 24 hours ex vivo and immunostained for collagen IV (blue) to mark the basement membrane, Na+/K+ ATPase (green) which is preferential for the epithelium, and the focal adhesion protein vinculin (red) to delineate cell‐matrix adhesions. Note that vinculin localizes the most strongly to regions of cell‐matrix contact immediately adjacent to the basement membrane. From Daley et al., Developmental Dynamics 240:2069–2083, 2011.
Portraits of Porosity: Porous Structures Based on Metal Salen Complexes
Authors: Crane Angela K. , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMetal complexes based on the salen ligand are highly versatile compounds that have many interesting properties, including magnetism, catalysis, and reversible oxygen binding. The marriage of complexes of salen with porous materials is a promising way to combine the attractive properties of the salen complex with those of the porous structure. In this Microreview, we discuss several recent examples of published research that illustrate the power of combining these two disparate areas of research. Approaches based on supramolecular chemistry are emphasized.
Solid‐phase extraction‐field‐amplified sample injection coupled with CE‐ESI‐MS for online pre‐concentration and quantitative analysis of brain‐gut peptides
Authors: Ye Hongzhi , Xia Shifei , Yu Lishuang , Xu Xueqin , Zheng Chunsong , Xu Huifeng , Wang Lili , Liu Xianxiang , Cai Zongwei , Chen Guonan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn order to improve the sensitivity of CE‐ESI‐MS for the analysis of brain‐gut peptides, a solid‐phase extraction combined with field‐amplified sample injection was used for the pre‐concentration of the brain‐gut peptides. Compared with the conventional pressure injection method, the sensitivity in the detection of brain‐gut peptides was improved more than 100‐fold. The possible factors affecting sample stacking, such as the sample matrix, the composition and the length of the water column, the types and the volumes of eluent, have been investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the detectable concentration of brain‐gut peptides was found to be as low as 0.02 μM. A linear response concentration for the detection was developed in the range of 0.08–25 μmol/L. A real sample of human cerebrospinal fluids, which was spiked with brain‐gut peptides, was also examined in order to evaluate the reliability of the proposed approach. The recovery of the method was in a range from 69.2 to 85.4%. The method was found to be reliable, accurate and potentially applicable for clinical drug analysis.
Classification of power system voltage stability conditions using Kohonen's self‐organising feature map and learning vector quantisation
Authors: De Abhinandan , Chakraborty Kabir , Chakrabarti Abhijit 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents an artificial neural network–based approach, in which Kohonen's self‐organising feature map technique in association with learning vector quantisation has been applied to classify the power system operating states on the basis of their degree of static voltage stability. The proposed scheme can seamlessly integrate itself within the energy management systems in the smart grid scenario. A self‐organising feature map has been considered to be an ideal choice because the state classification problem is a typical multiclass pattern classification problem, which can be efficiently handled by a self‐organising feature map with much shorter training time compared with other neural networks. The self‐organising feature map provided information about the operating states of the power system and classified them into three categories, namely, normal state, intermediate state and emergency (or alert) state. To augment the classification accuracy of self‐organising feature map, a learning vector quantisation–based supervised classification was also adopted. The proposed method was tested on a real 203‐bus system of an Indian power utility, and the results obtained has been compared with standard voltage stability indicator–based classical voltage stability assessment results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stream function–vorticity formulation‐based immersed boundary method and its applications
Authors: Ren W. W. , Wu J. , Shu C. , Yang W. M. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYA new stream function–vorticity formulation‐based immersed boundary method is presented in this paper. Different from the conventional immersed boundary method, the main feature of the present model is to accurately satisfy both governing equations and boundary conditions through velocity correction and vorticity correction procedures. The velocity correction process is performed implicitly based on the requirement that velocity at the immersed boundary interpolated from the corrected velocity field accurately satisfies the nonslip boundary condition. The vorticity correction is made through the stream function formulation rather than the vorticity transport equation. It is evaluated from the firstorder derivatives of velocity correction. Two simple and efficient ways are presented for approximation of velocity‐correction derivatives. One is based on finite difference approximation, while the other is based on derivative expressions of Dirac delta function and velocity correction. It was found that both ways can work very well. The main advantage of the proposed method lies in its simple concept, easy implementation, and robustness in stability. Numerical experiments for both stationary and moving boundary problems were conducted to validate the capability and efficiency of the present method. Good agreements with available data in the literature were achieved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of temporal resolution of hydrological data on annual canopy evaporation derived from a simple interception model
Authors: Lu Minjiao 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the temporal resolution of hydrological data on an interception simulation. Hydrological data with different temporal resolutions generated from a 28‐year hourly hydrological data set was applied to a simple interception model. The effect was significant and was quantified by a newly developed formula that relates the annual canopy evaporation with the annual effective potential evaporation, canopy capacity and temporal resolution. Using this formula, the true annual canopy evaporation invariant to the temporal resolution can be derived from the annual effective potential evaporation and canopy capacity. The concept of an operational parameter value and its calculation algorithm was proposed. The operational parameter values corresponding to their true values and the temporal resolutions were used in the model operation with the hydrological data of the same resolution, and the true annual canopy evaporation was reproduced very well. This implies the necessity of using operational parameters according to temporal resolution of the data in a hydrological simulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.