bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Process of Modulation in Musical Collage
Authors: Losada Catherine 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBy exploiting the multivalent implications attendant on principles of quotation, disjunction and juxtaposition, musical collage works of the 1960s, like their analogues in the visual arts and literature, call into question traditional notions of unity. However, these compositions also incorporate new modes of continuity which lend a distinctive expressive force to music of this kind. The present article outlines organisational precepts which composers including Luciano Berio, George Rochberg and Bernd Alois Zimmermann have used to achieve a degree of syntactic mediation: overlap, chromatic insertion and rhythmic plasticity. The common occurrence of these principles in works exhibiting widely divergent stylistic predispositions indicates that they may constitute important technical aspects of this particular repertoire.
Minimizing false‐negatives when predicting the potential distribution of an invasive species: a bioclimatic envelope for the red‐eared slider at global and regional scales
Authors: Heidy Kikillus K. , Hare K. M. , Hartley S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInvasive species threaten biodiversity; hence, predicting where they may establish is vital for conservation. Our aim is to provide a robust predictive model for an invasive species suitable for managers acting at both global and regional scales. Specifically, we investigate one of the world's worst invasive species [the red‐eared slider turtle (RES)Trachemys scripta elegans] and one of the world's biodiversity hotspots (New Zealand) as our representative systems. We used climate data and location records to define a bioclimatic envelope for the species. Multimodel inference was used to predict areas suitable for RES establishment, weighting in favour of models with low false‐negative and high true‐positive rates in predictive cross‐validation tests. Our performance criterion was the partial area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic plot where sensitivity exceeded 0.95. We generated both conservative (best‐case scenario) and liberal (worst‐case scenario) predictions, based on different levels of information about breeding potential. All predictions were expressed on a standard scale of suitability relative to existing known distribution. Globally, the best climate matches for RES outside of their native range in North America include south‐east Asia, and parts of Europe, areas where RES have already established. The best available site in New Zealand is considered climatically more suitable than 16% of global sites where RES have bred successfully. While RES can survive in several areas throughout New Zealand, the potential to establish a self‐sustaining (i.e. breeding) population appears restricted to the upper areas of the north island where the mean daily temperatures in the hottest month exceed 18 °C. The methods developed here were designed to reduce false‐negative predictions as that represents a precautionary approach for species that pose a biosecurity risk. They could readily be adapted, however, to reduce false‐positives when predicting areas suitable for translocation of rare and endangered species.
The North American bullfrog as a reservoir for the spread of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Brazil
Authors: Schloegel L. M. , Ferreira C. M. , James T. Y. , Hipolito M. , Longcore J. E. , Hyatt A. D. , Yabsley M. , Martins A. M. C. R. P. F. , Mazzoni R. , Davies A. J. , Daszak P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGlobal trade in the North American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana has been implicated in the introduction and spread of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Large‐scale production of the North American bullfrog for human consumption has been ongoing since the early part of the 20th century, particularly in Brazil, a pioneer in bullfrog farming following its introduction in the 1930s. In order to determine whether bullfrogs introduced to Brazil and farmed for the food trade serve as reservoirs for amphibian disease, we tested individuals located in the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Pará to determine the prevalence of B. dendrobatidis infections. We were able to confirm B. dendrobatidis on five farms (78.5% infection prevalence overall) by PCR. Isolates were obtained from three of the five farms and genotyped at 17 loci using multilocus sequence typing. Five isolates from the Brazilian farms were genotypically similar to each other as well as to isolates from Central and South America. Isolates from farmed bullfrogs were more similar to isolates from introduced populations in Venezuela than those from the native range of the bullfrog in eastern North America. These results could have important implications for the origin and spread of B. dendrobatidis in Brazil, its neighboring regions and the conservation of native amphibian fauna. They may also suggest a potential for prior recombination within B. dendrobatidis in bullfrogs, which may have implications for the recent emergence of this pathogen.
Pest reduction services by birds in shade and sun coffee in Jamaica
Authors: Johnson M. D. , Kellermann J. L. , Stercho A. M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe reduction of insect pests by birds in agriculture may provide an incentive for farming practices that enhance the conservation value of farms for birds and other wildlife. We investigated pest reduction services by insectivorous birds on a coffee farm in Jamaica, West Indies. Our results suggest that birds reduced insect pests on our study site. Infestation by the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei, the world's most damaging insect pest in coffee, was significantly elevated on coffee shrubs from which birds were experimentally excluded from foraging. Overall, we estimated the economic value of the reduction of coffee berry borer by birds on the 18 ha farm to be US$310 ha−1 for the 2006 harvest season. These results provide additional evidence that birds can reduce numbers of economically damaging pests and enhance crop yields in coffee farms. Differences in the magnitude of pest reduction within the farm may have resulted from variation in shade management and surrounding habitats, and these factors merit further investigation.
Maternal and perinatal outcome in women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester: a systematic review
Authors: Saraswat L , Bhattacharya S , Maheshwari A , Bhattacharya S 
Published: November 2009

Please cite this paper as: Saraswat L, Bhattacharya S, Maheshwari A, Bhattacharya S. Maternal and perinatal outcome in women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester: a systematic review. BJOG 2010;117:245–257.Background  Threatened miscarriage is a common complication in the first trimester of pregnancy and is often associated with anxiety regarding pregnancy outcome.Objective  We undertook a systematic review to explore the effects of threatened miscarriage in the first trimester on maternal and perinatal outcomes.Search strategy  An electronic literature search using MEDLINE and EMBASE, and bibliographies of retrieved primary articles. No language restrictions were applied.Selection criteria  All studies analysing outcomes of first‐trimester bleeding where viability was confirmed on ultrasound or the pregnancy continued beyond viability.Data collection and analysis  Two review authors independently selected studies and extracted data on study characteristics, quality and accuracy. Meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager softwareMain outcome measures  The outcome was broadly categorised into maternal and perinatal outcomes. The chief maternal outcomes included pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia or pregnancy‐induced hypertension, antepartum haemorrhage, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) and mode of delivery. The perinatal outcomes evaluated were preterm delivery, low birthweight, intrauterine growth restriction, perinatal mortality, indicators of perinatal morbidity (Apgar scores and neonatal unit admission) and presence of congenital anomalies.Main results  Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Women with threatened miscarriage had a significantly higher incidence of antepartum haemorrhage due to placenta praevia [odds ratio (OR) 1.62, 95% CI 1.19, 2.22] or antepartum haemorrhage of unknown origin (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.52, 4.02) when compared with those without first‐trimester bleeding. They were more likely to experience PPROM (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.28, 2.48), preterm delivery (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.76, 2.4) and to have babies with intrauterine growth restriction (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.18, 2.00). First‐trimester bleeding was associated with significantly higher rates of perinatal mortality (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.41, 3.27) and low‐birthweight babies (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.48, 2.28).Authors’ conclusions  Threatened miscarriage in the first trimester is associated with increased incidence of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome.
Intraluminal pressure readings during the establishment of a positive ‘tamponade test’ in the management of postpartum haemorrhage
Authors: Georgiou C 
Published: November 2009

Please cite this paper as: Georgiou C. Intraluminal pressure readings during the establishment of a positive ‘tamponade test’ in the management of postpartum haemorrhage. BJOG 2010;117:295–303.Objective  To investigate the proposed mechanism by which intrauterine balloons achieve their tamponade effect of creating an ‘intrauterine pressure that is greater than the systemic arterial pressure’.Design  To determine the intraluminal pressures within a Bakri balloon during the establishment of a positive ‘tamponade test’ in the management of postpartum haemorrhage. To correlate these intraluminal pressures with contemporaneous readings of blood pressure recordings as documented from the operating theatre anaesthetic charts.Setting  An obstetric unit (approximately 2400 births) in Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.Sample  Two women in whom first‐line uterotonics were unsuccessful and who required a Bakri balloon to control postpartum haemorrhage secondary to an atonic uterus.Methods  A DigiMano (Netech Corporation, Farmingdale, NY, USA) pressure recorder was attached via a three‐way tap to a Bakri balloon. Anaesthetic charts of the two cases were reviewed retrospectively.Main outcome measures  Intraluminal pressure readings were recorded after each 50‐ml aliquot of normal saline had been insufflated into the balloon whilst the next aliquot was being prepared.Results  There is a curvilinear relationship between the intraluminal pressure and the balloon volume. The pressure does not exceed the systolic blood pressure of the patient at the time of establishment of a positive tamponade test.Conclusions  The intraluminal pressure within the tamponade balloon does not exceed the systolic blood pressure of the patient when a positive tamponade test is established.
Pregnancy outcome after cervical conisation: a retrospective cohort study in the Leuven University Hospital
Authors: van de Vijver A , Poppe W , Verguts J , Arbyn M 
Published: November 2009

Please cite this paper as: van de Vijver A, Poppe W, Verguts J, Arbyn M. Pregnancy outcome after cervical conisation: a retrospective cohort study in the Leuven University Hospital. BJOG 2010;117:268–273.Objective  To assess pregnancy outcome after conisation.Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  Belgium, data from a university hospital.Population  Fifty‐five pregnancies in 34 women after conisation, and 55 pregnancies in 54 women without a history of conisation or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Methods  Hospital data were reviewed and questionnaires were collected from 599 women who had a conisation in a 5‐year period, among whom subsequent pregnancies were identified. The control group consisted of matched pregnancies of women without a history of conisation.Main outcome measures  Gestational age at delivery, neonatal biometry, neonatal condition at birth.Results  Numbers of sexual partners (4.6 ± 3.4 SD versus 2.5 ± 2.5 SD) and ex‐smokers were significantly higher in the study group compared with the control group. Gestational age at delivery (266 ± 2 days versus 274 ± 9 days), neonatal head circumference (33.9 ± 2.5 cm, versus 34.6 ± 2.5 cm) and birthweight (3088 ± 754 g versus 3381 ± 430 g) were significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group. Numbers of preterm [<37 weeks; 14/55 (25%) versus 2/55 (4%); P = 0.002] and severe preterm (<34 weeks; 6/55 (11%) versus 0/55 (0%); P = 0.031] deliveries in the study group were significantly higher. There were no cases of perinatal mortality.Conclusions  Conisation affects obstetrical outcome after conisation for CIN. Babies tend to be born earlier and are smaller. It is not clear whether this is related to the procedure or to factors linked with CIN.
After conisation of the cervix, the perinatal mortality as a result of preterm delivery increases in subsequent pregnancy
Authors: Ørtoft G , Henriksen TB , Hansen ES , Petersen LK 
Published: November 2009

Please cite this paper as:Ørtoft G, Henriksen T, Hansen E, Petersen L. After conisation of the cervix, the perinatal mortality as a result of preterm delivery increases in subsequent pregnancy. BJOG 2010;117:258–267.Objective  To determine the effects of one or two conisations on preterm delivery and perinatal mortality in subsequent pregnancies.Design  A population‐based cohort study.Setting  Aarhus University Hospital.Population  Preterm delivery and mortality rates were evaluated in 721 deliveries after one conisation, and in 37 deliveries after two conisations, and were compared with 390 deliveries after dysplasia and 74 552 deliveries that were not preceded by conisation or dysplasia.Methods  Cox regression was used to evaluate preterm delivery rates and perinatal mortality.Main outcome measures  Birthweight, gestational age (prior to 28, 32, and 37 weeks of gestation, respectively) and perinatal mortality.Results  The risk of preterm delivery was increased after one conisation [adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI): <37 weeks, 2.8 (2.3–3.5); <28 weeks, 4.9 (2.5–9.7)], and was further increased after two conisations [adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI): <37 weeks, 9.9 (6–17); <28 weeks, 9.8 (1.4–70)], compared with no conisation. One conisation was associated with an increased perinatal mortality [<28 weeks, 9.9 (4.0–25)]. All three methods of conisation [large loop excision of the transformation zone, electroknife and cold knife] increased the risk of preterm delivery.Conclusions  A single conisation was associated with a 2.8‐fold increased risk of perinatal death, most likely because of a 4.9‐fold increase in extreme preterm delivery. Only 37 patients had two conisations, and the results showed a ten‐fold increase in the risk of preterm delivery.
Differential effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on thrombosis and atherosclerosis in mice
Authors: Freudenberger Till , Oppermann Marc , Marzoll Andrea , Heim Hans‐Karl , Mayer Peter , Kojda Georg , Weber Artur A. , Schrör Karsten , Fischer Jens W. 
Published: November 2009

Background and purpose:  The risk for cardiovascular events including venous and arterial disease and stroke is elevated after treatment with estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in postmenopausal women. Here, we have investigated the effect of MPA on arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis in a murine model of atherosclerosis.Experimental approach:  Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice were bilaterally ovariectomized and treated with placebo, MPA (27.7 µg·day−1) and MPA + 17‐β‐oestradiol (E2; 1.1 µg·day−1) for 90 days, on a Western‐type diet. Thrombotic response was measured in a photothrombosis model, platelet activation by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis (CD62P) and thrombin generation by the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). Furthermore, aortic plaque burden and aortic root plaque composition were determined.Key results:  MPA and MPA + E2‐treated animals showed an aggravated thrombotic response shown by significantly reduced time to stable occlusion. The pro‐thrombotic effect of MPA was paralleled by increased ETP whereas platelet activation was not affected. Furthermore, MPA + E2 reduced the number of cells positive for α‐smooth muscle actin and increased hyaluronan in the plaque matrix. Interestingly, total plaque burden was reduced by MPA but unchanged by MPA + E2.Conclusion and implications:  Long‐term treatment with MPA and MPA + E2 increased arterial thrombosis despite inhibitory effects of MPA on atherosclerosis in ApoE‐deficient mice. Increased thrombin formation, reduced smooth muscle content and remodelling of non‐collagenous plaque matrix may be involved in the pro‐thrombotic effects. Thus, MPA exhibits differential effects on arterial thrombosis and on atherosclerosis.
Multiple muscarinic pathways mediate the suppression of voltage‐gated Ca2+channels in mouse intestinal smooth muscle cells
Authors: Tanahashi Yasuyuki , Unno Toshihiro , Matsuyama Hayato , Ishii Toshiaki , Yamada Masahisa , Wess Jürgen , Komori Seiichi 
Published: November 2009

Background and purpose: Stimulation of muscarinic receptors in intestinal smooth muscle cells results in suppression of voltage‐gated Ca2+channel currents (ICa). However, little is known about which receptor subtype(s) mediate this effect.Experimental approach: The effect of carbachol on ICawas studied in single intestinal myocytes from M2or M3muscarinic receptor knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice.Key results: In M2KO cells, carbachol (100 µM) induced a sustained ICasuppression as seen in WT cells. However, this suppression was significantly smaller than that seen in WT cells. Carbachol also suppressed ICain M3KO cells, but with a phasic time course. In M2/M3‐double KO cells, carbachol had no effect on ICa. The extent of the suppression in WT cells was greater than the sum of the ICasuppressions in M2KO and M3KO cells, indicating that it is not a simple mixture of M2and M3receptor responses. The Gi/oinhibitor,Pertussistoxin, abolished the ICasuppression in M3KO cells, but not in M2KO cells. In contrast, the Gq/11inhibitor YM‐254890 strongly inhibited only the ICasuppression in M2KO cells. Suppression of ICain WT cells was markedly reduced by eitherPertussistoxin or YM‐254890.Conclusion and implications: In intestinal myocytes, M2receptors mediate a phasic ICasuppression via Gi/oproteins, while M3receptors mediate a sustained ICasuppression via Gq/11proteins. In addition, another pathway that requires both M2/Gi/oand M3/Gq/11systems may be operative in inducing a sustained ICasuppression.
P2X2, P2X4 and P2Y1 receptors elevate intracellular Ca2+ in mouse embryonic stem cell‐derived GABAergic neurons
Authors: Khaira SK , Pouton CW , Haynes JM 
Published: November 2009

Background and purpose:  Neurons derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are a valuable resource for basic pharmacological research. With the exception of cardiomyocytes, there is relatively little understanding of the pharmacology of stem cell‐derived differentiated cells. In this study we investigate P2 receptor agonist effects on GABAergic neurons derived from mESCs.Experimental approach:  mESCs were differentiated into GABAergic neurons in the presence of N2B27 culture medium. At day 24 of differentiation GABAergic neuronal responsiveness to purinergic agonists was investigated using calcium imaging and [3H]‐GABA release studies.Key results:  Sub‐populations of GABAergic neurons responded to some or all of the adenine and uracil nucleotides ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP (all 100 µM) with elevations of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). The number of neurons responding to ATP was reduced by suramin (100 µM), PPADS (10 µM) and MRS2179 (10 µM), but not by NF023 (10 µM). The response to ATP was modulated by extracellular Zn2+ and pH. Neurons also responded to ATP (100 µM) with the release of [3H]‐GABA, an effect completely inhibited by tetrodotoxin (100 nM). Ap4A and 2‐methylthioATP both elicited significant [3H]‐GABA release. Reverse transcriptase PCR showed the presence of P2X1,2,3,4,5,6 and P2X7, and P2Y1,2 and P2Y6 receptors. mESCs expressed P2X2,5 and P2X7 and P2Y1,2 and P2Y6 receptors.Conclusions and implications:  GABAergic neurons derived from stem cells elevate [Ca2+]i predominantly via the activation of P2X2, P2X4 and P2Y1 receptors. This study shows that mESCs generate good models of neuronal function for in vitro pharmacological investigation.
LDL Apheresis: A Novel Technique (LIPOCOLLECT 200)
Authors: Stefanutti Claudia , Di Giacomo Serafina , Mazzarella Bruno , Castelli Alessandro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTherapeutic means to lower Lp(a) are limited. The most effective method to reduce plasma Lp(a) concentration significantly is therapeutic apheresis, namely, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) apheresis. A novel technique based on reusable LDL adsorber called Lipocollect 200 (Medicollect, Rimbach, Germany) allows the removal of both LDL and Lp(a) from plasma. Two male patients with hyperLp(a)lipoproteinemia and angiographically established progressive coronary heart disease, without rough elevation of LDL‐cholesterol, who did not respond to diet and medication were submitted to 50 LDL Lp(a) aphereses with Lipocollect 200 LDL Lp(a)‐adsorber at weekly and biweekly intervals. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol plasma levels fell significantly by 48.3% (±6.7) to 61.6% (±12.7) (first patient), and 42.5% (±6.3) to 60.6% (±14.3) (second patient), respectively (all differences: P ≤ 0.001). High‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol concentration in plasma did not show statistically significant change. Plasma triglycerides were also significantly reduced by 43.6% (±24.4) (first patient) and 42.3% (±13) (second patient) (both differences: P ≤ 0.001). Plasma Lp(a) showed a statistically significant percent reduction in plasma as expected: 64.7 ± 9.5 (first patient), and 59.1 ± 6.7 (second patient) (both differences: P ≤ 0.001). Plasma fibrinogen concentration was decreased by 35.9% (±18.7) (P ≤ 0.05) (first patient) and 41.8% (±11.5) (second patient) (P ≤  0.005). Considering the reduction rate between the first and the last procedures, we have compared the mean percent reduction of the first five treatments (from session #1 to #5) with the last five treatments (from session #21 to #25). We have observed an increasing reduction of all activity parameters on both patients apart from HDL‐cholesterol (first patient) and triglyceride (second patient) that showed a decreasing reduction rate. Both patients followed the prescribed schedule and completed the study. Clinically, all sessions were well tolerated and undesired reactions were not reported. The Lipocollect 200 adsorber proved to have a good biocompatibility. In this study, the adsorber reusability for several sessions was confirmed.
Depression and hopelessness in Turkish patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: ARSLAN Sevban , CELEBIOGLU Ayda , TEZEL Ayfer 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim:  This study aimed to determine the levels of depression and hopelessness of patients receiving chemotherapy. Through knowledge of the levels of hopelessness and depression in such patients, this study could contribute to the planning of nursing interventions.Methods:  The study involved 101 patients with cancer who presented to the outpatient unit of a medical oncology clinic to receive outpatient chemotherapy between January and March 2006. Data on the patients' sociodemographic features, as well as their scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory, were obtained.Results:  The patients' mean total depression score was 16.0 ± 8.3 and their mean hopelessness score was 6.9 ± 3.4. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between depression and hopelessness.Conclusion:  The results indicated that depression and hopelessness were strongly and positively correlated.