bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_78A: Risk perception regarding Covid 19 and Hesitancy towards COVID 19 vaccine uptake among Health Science students in Mangalore
Authors: Priya Aastha , Jahanvi  , Gupta Vidit , Gupta Adit , Rekha T , Jahagirdar Shubhashri , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Public perception regarding the disease and concerns regarding safety and reliability of the new COVID 19 vaccine is the determining factor for acceptance of the vaccine.

Objectives:
To assess the risk perception of the health science students towards COVID 19 and COVID 19 vaccination.

Methodology:
A total of 701 health science students from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore and Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore were included in this cross-sectional study. Institutional Ethics Committee permission was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. Risk perception towards COVID 19 and COVID 19 vaccination was assessed using Health belief model questionnaire. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS for windows version 25.0, Armonk, New York, 25.0.

Results:
Among the total participants, a higher proportion (57.6%) of the participants had a strong belief that COVID 19 can cause serious infection and 75.1% had strong belief that COVID 19 vaccine could provide protection against infection. Majority, 62% of the participants had received the 1st dose of vaccine, however, 37.6% had hesitancy.

Conclusion:
A lower percentage of the study participants had hesitancy towards COVID 19 vaccine. Major reasons for hesitancy were fear of side effects, history of allergic reactions, concern about safety and efficacy of the vaccine.
IJCM_80A: A Study on Risk factors and outcome of post partum hemorrhage among postnatal mothers attending a tertiary care hospital in Guntur District
Authors: Sankeerti M. , Rajesh A. Hani , Rama A. Sita 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. PPH is the most common form of major obstetric haemorrhage. Majority of deaths due to PPH are reported to be in developing countries and the major factors responsible were attributed to lack of access to reproductive health services, availability of skilled health personnel, timely intervention of obstetric emergencies and others such as appropriate equipment and supplies. With increase in rate of institutional deliveries and improvement in quality of services MMR can further be reduced with focus on the factors responsible for maternal deaths.

Objective:
The study was aimed to identify risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage among postnatal mothers and to analyze various factors and determinants that influence the outcome among mothers with PPH.

Methodology:
This was a descriptive observational retrospective study conducted in Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, government general hospital, Guntur. The target population included 50 postnatal mothers diagnosed as having PPH. Other causes of hemorrhage not related to delivery such as accidents and women with preexisting medical and other conditions were excluded. Data was collected from the available medical records

Results:
The prevalence of PPH was 0.96%. The causative factors identified were atonic uterus (80%), traumatic delivery (17.5%) and retained bits (1.7%). Induced labor (16%), prolonged labor (11.1%) and preeclampsia (3.4%) were the risk factors that lead to PPH. The mortality was 4% (2) and the cause of death in the 2 patients was due to shock.

Conclusion:
In the present study, the prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) was recorded at 0.96%. Uterine atony emerged as the primary contributing factor, with induced labor identified as the leading risk factor associated with an increased predisposition to PPH. Shock stood out as the predominant cause of mortality.
IJCM_83A: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in a child
Authors: Vasundhara J , Bhat Kamalakshi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
PCD is rare genetic disorder with incidence of 1:10,000. We present a 10-year-boy who came with recurrent respiratory-infections with Dextrocardia and bilateral Bronchiectasis for interesting clinical presentation.

Objective:
PCD is rare inherited disease with mutations which impair normal cilia function, characterized by impaired muco-ciliary clearance, causing recurrent-respiratory infections leading to bronchiectasis. Treatment includes preventing and managing complications.

Methodology:
10-year-old child came cough-cold since 2 days, and hurried breathing since 1 day. Child had multiple episodes of respiratory- infections which was treated with antibiotics and nebulization on OP basis. Developmental delay also noted, currently in speech domain, can speak 2-3 words. On examination, open mouth breathing and clubbing(grade 3) present. On auscultation bilateral bronchial breath sounds with coarse crepitations. Heart sounds heard louder on right side, but no murmur was heard. Chest X-ray and 2D-ECHO showed Situs-Solitus with Dextrocardia. Child required non-invasive ventilation and IV antibiotics for treatment. Child was weaned off to room air by day 4. CT Thorax done showed bronchiectatic changes in bilateral lung with volume loss of right hemithorax with mediastinal shift to right. CT Nasopharynx and OMC done for open-mouth breathing was normal, and advised steroid nasal spray for nasal blockage. Physiotherapist counselled parents about postural drainage. Genetic testing for PCD was sent, report awaited. He is on regular follow up and doing well.

Results:
Primary defect in PCD is structure and/or function of cilia leading to accumulation of secretions. Diagnostic criteria includes recurrent chest infections, bronchitis, and rhinitis, with situs-inversus, infertility, decreased mucociliary clearance and cilia showing ultrastructural defect on electron microscopy. We suspected PCD with clinical features and imaging studies.

Conclusion:
Patients are frequently troubled by repeated infections for which they need to seek medical attention which is reason for morbidity. As there is no specific treatment, early diagnosis and prevention of complication is key to management.
IJCM_86A: Assessment of Breastfeeding practices in a Tribal District of Maharashtra: A Cross-sectional study.
Authors: Pereira Queensly Thomas , Hadaye Rujuta S. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
As the WHO aptly puts it, breastfeeding is the cornerstone of child survival, nutrition and development, as well as maternal health. However, contrary to the WHO recommendations, fewer than half of infants under 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed (1) According to the National Family Health Survey data of India, only 71% of children under 6 months are exclusively breastfed in Maharashtra. (2) This may be seen more in the tribal communities due to their geographical location and strong cultural norms. This study aims to assess the breastfeeding practices that are prevalent in a tribal district.

Objectives:
1) To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the tribal population. 2) To determine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the tribal population.

Methodology:
This is a community based cross-sectional observational research project. The study population is mothers belonging to the Scheduled Tribes Category with infant in the age group of 6 months to 1 year. 161 women were selected by simple random sampling using a random number table. A structured interview schedule was used to conduct the interviews. Data was analysed using appropriate statistical test.

Results:
The overall prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is 63%. 72.7% of mothers belonging to the Warli tribe and 91% of mothers of the age under 20 years followed the recommended exclusive breastfeeding. Even the place of delivery of the child was found to be significantly associated with the exclusive breastfeeding.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of breastfeeding in the tribal population is less than the overall prevalence of the entire state. More efforts are needed to create awareness about the concept and the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.
IJCM_89A: Job satisfaction of anganwadi workers in Thrissur district
Authors: Sajan Sarangi , Navya C.J 
Published: April 2024

Background:
India ranked 2nd in the world with over 47 per cent of its children exhibiting malnutrition. The sub-schemes of ICDS are supplementary nutrition, non-formal preschool education, immunization, health check-up and referral services. Attainment of ICDS programme goals depends upon the effectiveness of Anganwadi workers. This study was conducted with the objectives to know the job satisfaction of Anganwadi workers.

Objectives:
1) To assess the level of Job Satisfaction of Anganwadi workers. 2) To find out any significant relationship of Job Satisfaction with Age, Educational qualifications and Experience

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted among Anganwadi workers of Thrissur District. Total 120 Anganwadi workers (AWWs) were selected by convenience sampling. The data was collected after obtaining consent from the participants using semi structured questionnaire. Data entry was performed using Google Forms and was analysed using SPSS.

Results:
The results showed that, 21.7% of AWWs possessed low satisfaction, 45% with moderate satisfaction and 33.3% with high satisfaction. Among study participants, 48.3% were BPL and 51.7% were APL .65% have completed SSLC, 20.0% with Pre-degree,12.5% with Degree and 2.5% with Postgraduation. It was found that, socio-economic status and education have a significant relationship with job satisfaction. Whereas, age, family size, experience and training of the respondents found to be non-significant with job satisfaction of Anganwadi workers.

Conclusion:
Nearly one-fourth of AWWs had low satisfaction with their job and less than half of the respondents were extremely satisfied. The job satisfaction can directly influence their work performance.
IJCM_95A: To Assess the knowledge and practice regarding reproductive tract infection among female of reproductive age group in Raipur city Chhattisgarh
Authors: Mahant Madhavi , Verma Nirmal , Jaiswal Prashant 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is a global health problem among women, especially in South East Asia Region (SEAR) countries. They may progress to serious complications and cause a high degree of morbidity during the sexually active period of life. More than a million women and infants die of the complications of RTI every year. RTI has become a silent epidemic that devastates women’s lives. Globally, three different types of RTI cause significant amounts of morbidity and mortality among women – sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (including gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomonas, and HIV infections); endogenous infections resulting from the overgrowth of organisms normally present in the reproductive tract (such as candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis); and iatrogenic infections related to medical procedures (such as menstrual regulation, abortion or IUD insertion). The presence of STI increases the risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV infection by three to five times.

Objectives:
1- To Assess the knowledge of female what is reproductive tract infection how it occur and spread among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh. 2- To Assess the Factors associated with Knowledge among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh.

Methodology:
This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in Raipur City of Chhattisgarh state during the month October 23-January 2024. A pre-designed, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Systematic Random sampling technique was adopted to select the 350 Study participants.

Results:
The majority of subjects were between the age of 15-34 year. Most of the subject were of lower middle class socioeconomic status. Additionally, 37.8% of participants were graduates, 59.4% were married and 70% were unemployed. 30.3% subjects had not heard about Reproductive tract infection. 50.6% subjects don’t know about symptoms of RTI, almost half 49.4% subject don’t have knowledge about effect of RTI on health and only 84% female believed that good personal hygiene prevent RTI. 45.1% subjects did not wash their private part after urination, 10.5% female did not wash their used cloth daily after each use. 63.9% female used feminine hygiene products to maintain personal hygiene, 10% female did not change their cloth daily, 33.1% women did not change their pad/ cloth within every 4–6-hour interval during menstruation.

Conclusion:
Educate women through camps about genital hygiene practices to reduce the risk of RTI. For increased usage of Sanitary pads, more number of sanitary vending machine should be installed in schools, colleges, and health facilities. Implement awareness programs, promoting regular check- ups and safe sex practices to mitigate the risk of RTI.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Genes Associated with Autophagy in Vitiligo
Authors: Zhao Yilu , Ge Kang , Cheng Yan , Zhang Ru-zhi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
As vitiligo progresses, autophagy becomes more and more important.

Objectives:
To validate potential genes associated with autophagy in vitiligo through bioinformatics analysis and experimental testing.

Materials and Methods:
Dataset GSE75819 of mRNA expression profiles was obtained from GEO. After data normalisation, gene set enrichment analyse enrichment analysis and abundance analysis of infiltrating immune cells were performed. A list of autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (ARDEGs) associated with vitiligo was generated using R software. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis, correlation analysis, and enrichment analysis on gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genome (KEGG) pathways were conducted on the ARDEG data. The microRNAs associated with hub genes were predicted using the TargetScan database. Finally, RNA expression of 10 hub genes and Western blotting (WB) of autophagy pathway factors were further verified.

Results:
From the lesions of 15 vitiligo patients, 44 ARDEGs were identified. PPI analysis demonstrated that these ARDEGs interacted with each other. GO and KEGG analyses of ARDEGs revealed that several enriched terms were associated with macroautophagy (biological process), vacuolar membranes (cellular components), cysteine-type peptidase activity (molecular function), and autophagy in animals, neurodegeneration-multiple disease pathways, and apoptosis. In vitiligo lesions, qRT-PCR and sequencing validation analyses showed expression levels of CCL2, RB1CC1, TP53, and ATG9A that were consistent with bioinformatic analysis of the microarray. WB results also showed that autophagy-related proteins were differentially expressed.

Conclusions:
Forty-four potential ARDEGs were identified in vitiligo by bioinformatic analysis. Vitiligo may be affected by autophagy regulation through CCL2, RB1CC1, TP53, and ATG9A.
Gabapentin-induced Alopecia: A Rare Adverse Effect Unveiled
Authors: Thomas Stephy Rachel , Mathews Swetha Reba , John John K. , Kodiattu Sara Kurien 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Gabapentin is an antiepileptic drug which is effective in managing specific forms of neuropathic pain. It is widely used due to its efficacy and safety. Alopecia is a rare adverse drug reaction of gabapentin. We herein report the case of a 73-year-old female who developed severe hair loss after initiating treatment with gabapentin for thoracic radiculopathy.
Left Ventricle Noncompaction Phenotype: Cause or Consequence?
Authors: Casavecchia Grazia , Gravina Matteo , Mautone Francesco , Pesolo Maurizio , Mangini Francesco , Macarini Luca , Brunetti Natale Daniele 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is commonly described as a congenital cardiomyopathy characterized by prominent myocardial trabeculae and deep intertrabecular recesses extending in the left ventricular chamber. Clinical presentation can differ considerably from asymptomatic individuals to those presenting with heart failure and other serious complications. Diagnosis is usually made by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance. Moreover, even if strain parameters are significantly reduced in patients with LVNC, they are not routinely investigated. Here, we report the case of a previously symptomless patient admitted to the hospital for pulmonary edema. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography showed severe valvular heart disease and left ventricle pronounced trabeculation and remodeling, although speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) demonstrated only mild strain reduction. We, therefore, explore the possibility that STE may be useful to differentiate LVNC cardiomyopathy from LVNC phenotype due to severe remodeling.
Does Speckle Tracking Transthoracic Echocardiography Indicate Subtle Changes in Left Ventricular Function in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction Treated by Sacubitril-valsartan?
Authors: Setouhi Amr , Mohamed Osama Nady , Farrag Hazem M. A. , Taha Naser Mohamed , Ramadan Alaa , Askalany Hany Taha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
In heart failure patients and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), assessing subtle changes in left ventricle (LV) function is crucial for monitoring treatment efficacy. This study aims to determine the effect of valsartan/sacubitril on LV ejection fraction (EF) assessed by two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in comparison to that assessed by 2D TTE speckle tracking in patients with HFrEF ≤35% after 6 months of treatment.

Patients and Methods:
A prospective study will be conducted on 200 heart failure patients with reduced EF (HFrEF) undergoing sacubitril-valsartan treatment. Each participant underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including physical examination, history taking, serial 12-lead electrocardiogram, and 2D echo to evaluate cardiac parameters. In addition, 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) assessments were conducted before and after 6 months of valsartan/sacubitril treatment.

Results:
The enrolled patients had an average age of 48 years with 63% females. At the beginning of the study, 9 (4.5%) patients were classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) FC I, 120 (60%) as NYHA FC II, 64 (32%) as NYHA FC III, and 7 (3.5%) as FC IV. Following treatment, 82 (41%) patients improved to NYHA FC I, and 118 (59%) were in NYHA FC II. Notably, 82 (41%) patients showed improved left ventricular EF (LVEF), detected either by traditional TTE or STE, whereas 118 (59%) showed no improvement in EF through traditional TTE. In addition, 74 (37%) patients demonstrated improvement detected by STE. In contrast, 44 (22%) patients demonstrated no improvement in EF detected by either TTE or STE.

Conclusion:
STE was a more reliable diagnostic method for seeing early LVEF improvement in patients with HFrEF receiving valsartan/sacubitril treatment not seen by conventional TTE.
Comparative evaluation of retentive strength of Figaro crowns and stainless steel crowns luted with glass ionomer cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement – An in vitro study
Authors: Mandyala Venkata Swathi , Padakandla Prathyusha , Kola Naveen Krishna , Kedari Sri Lakshmi , Putta Leshya , Gandhasiri Keerthi 
Published: April 2024

Aims:
To compare the tensile strength of Figaro crowns and SSC using two different kinds of luting cements, i.e. GIC and RM-GIC.

Methods and Material:
Forty extracted human deciduous molars are used in this study; tooth preparation was done to receive the crowns and were categorized into two groups: stainless steel crowns and Figaro crowns that were further divided into two subgroups, one that was luted with GIC and the other with RM-GIC. Then, the tensile strength of the crowns was evaluated with a universal testing machine.

Statistical analysis used:
Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post
hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests.

Results:
Stainless steel crowns had showed greater tensile strength than Figaro when luted with GIC; in contrast with RMGIC, Figaro exhibited greater retentive strength.

Conclusions:
GIC exhibited highest retentive strength as luting agents for stainless steel crowns.
Comparative study of intraoperative cytology, Frozen section and histopathology of ovarian neoplasms
Authors: Dubey Anmol , Malpani Garima , Dosi Shilpi , Varma Amit V. , Malukani Kamal 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the role of intraoperative cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian tumours.

Methods:
A cross sectional study of 75 cases received from January 2016 to October 2021 was conducted in the Department of Pathology for ovarian neoplasms received for imprint cytology, frozen section and histopathology. On receiving the unfixed specimen per operatively, gross examination was performed and Imprint cytology/Scrape smears were obtained followed by staining of slides with field and rapid hematoxylin eosin stain. A few representative tissue sections were taken and processed for frozen section. After frozen section and imprint cytology reporting, specimens were fixed in formalin and processed for paraffin blocks for histopathological examination. Results of imprint cytology, frozen and paraffin sections were recorded and categorized as benign, borderline malignant. Accuracy of frozen section and imprint cytology was determined by comparing them with histopathology.

Results:
Of 75 lesions studied by intraoperative cytology,57 lesions were classified as benign and 18 as malignant. Comparing the diagnosis of cytology smears and frozen section with histopathology,72 of 75 cases were concordant. When imprint cytology and frozen section was compared with histology, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 98.2%,89.4%,96.4% and 94.4% respectively.

Conclusion:
Imprint cytology is a boon for resource deprived settings and frozen section complements it in tertiary care centres for intraoperative diagnosis and determining the extent of surgical intervention required.
Estimating effectiveness of nasal decolonization in prevention of peri-prosthetic joint infection in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus undergoing arthroplasty in a tertiary care institution
Authors: Karuppiah Yazhini , Vishwanath M , Kishore Gopisetty Chaitanya 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most challenging complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) surgeries. This study aims to (i) compare overall PJI rates with and without pre-operative nasal screening and decolonization for Staphylococcus aureus; (ii) estimate the difference in SSI rates between carriers and non-carriers undergoing TJA; and (iii) determine the efficacy of decolonization in reducing PJI rate in nasal carriers.

Methods:
A total of 760 patients were included in the study; with 399 patients in the study group, who underwent pre-operative screening and decolonization for nasal colonization with S. aureus; and 361 patients in the control group, who did not undergo pre-operative screening for nasal colonization. Patients were followed for 90 days post-surgery, and PJI rates were recorded following the Centers for Disease Control SSI criteria.

Results:
Twenty-one (5.26%) out of 399 patients in the study group developed PJI as opposed to 38 (10.53%) out of 361 patients in the control group. PJI rate due to either MSSA or MRSA was 2.5% in the study group (10/399) as opposed to 7.75% in the control group (28/361), with “P value” of 0.002 (<0.05).

Discussion:
The overall SSI incidence was reduced by 51% after implementing the decolonization protocol. Regarding specific S. aureus SSI, 7.5% of the SSIs in the control group were caused by S. aureus, while only 2.5% were caused by this microorganism after implementing the screening and decolonization protocol.

Conclusion:
Implementing a screening and decolonization protocol for S. aureus before TJA can lead to a significant reduction in S. aureus surgical site infections.