bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear bond strength between Ni‐Cr alloy bonded to a ceramic substrate
Authors: do Nascimento Cássio , Kirsten Miani Paola , Luiz Bezzon Osvaldo , Gonçalves Mariane , Ferreira de Albuquerque Junior Rubens 
Published: November 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00585.xShear bond strength between Ni‐Cr alloy bonded to a ceramic substrateIntroduction:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between a Ni‐Cr alloy and a ceramic system submitted or not to thermocycling.Materials and methods:  Forty‐eight cylinder blocks of Ni‐Cr with 3.0 mm diameter by 4.0 mm hight and 48 disc‐shaped specimens (7.0 mm in diameter by 2.0 mm thick) composed of ceramic were prepared. The Ni‐Cr cylinder blocks were randomised in two groups of 24 specimens each. One group was submitted to air‐particle abrasion (sandblasting) with 50 μm Al2O3 (0.4–0.7 MPa) during 20 s, and the other group was submitted to mechanical retentions with carbide burrs. Each group was subdivided into other two groups (n = 12), submitted or not to thermocycling (500 cycles, 5–55°C). The cylinder blocks were bonded to the disc‐shaped ceramic specimens under 10 N of load. The shear bond strengths (MPa) were measured using a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min and 200 kgf of load. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (anova and Tukey’s test).Results:  The air‐particle abrasion group exhibited significantly higher shear bond strength when compared to drilled group (p < 0.05).Conclusions:  Thermocycling decreased significantly the bond strengths for all groups tested.
Knowledge and attitude of elderly persons towards dental implants
Authors: Müller Frauke , Salem Kamel , Barbezat Cindy , Herrmann François R. , Schimmel Martin 
Published: November 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00586.xKnowledge and attitude of elderly persons towards dental implantsBackground:  Despite their unrivalled place in restorative treatment, dental implants are still scarcely used in elderly patients.Introduction:  The aim of this survey was therefore to identify potential barriers for accepting an implant treatment.Materials and methods:  Participants were recruited from a geriatric hospital, two long‐term‐care facilities and a private clinic. The final study sample comprised 92 persons, 61 women and 31 men with an average age of 81.2 ± 8.0 years. In a semi‐structured interview, the participants’ knowledge of implants and attitude towards a hypothetical treatment with dental implants were evaluated.Results:  Twenty‐seven participants had never heard of dental implants, and another 13 participants could not describe them. The strongest apprehensions against implants were cost, lack of perceived necessity and old age. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis identified being women, type and quality of denture, having little knowledge on implants and being hospitalised as the risk factors for refusing implants. However, old age as such was not associated with a negative attitude.Conclusion:  The acceptance of dental implants in the elderly population might be increased by providing further information and promoting oral health in general. Regardless of the age, dental implants should be placed when patients are still in good health and live independently.
First record of the family Heloridae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) from Korea
Authors: CHOI Gang Won , KIM Chang‐Jun , LEE Jong‐Wook 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAs part of an ongoing study of the superfamily Proctotrupoidea, the family Heloridae Förster is recorded for the first time from Korea, based on the two species, Helorus anomalipes (Panzer) and H. ruficornis Förster. A species key to Korean Heloridae, diagnosis and digital images are provided.
Identification of monohydroxylated metabolites of cannabidiol formed by rat liver
Authors: Martin Bill , Nordqvist Marianne , Agurell Stig , Lindgren Jan-Erik , Leander Kurt , Binder Michael 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver enzymes. Unchanged CBD and eight monohydroxylated metabolites were isolated and positively identified. As previously reported, 7-hydroxy-CBD was the major metabolite. The second most abundant metabolite was 6α-hydroxy-CBD; whereas only a trace amount of 6β-hydroxy-CBD was found. In addition hydroxylation occurred in all positions of the pentyl side chain, 4″-hydroxy-CBD being most abundant. 3″-Hydroxy-CBD was formed in half of the yield of 4″-hydroxy-CBD, while 1″-, 2″-, and 5″-hydroxy-CBD were each formed in approximately one fourth of the yield of 4″-hydroxy-CBD.
Mediation of prostaglandin E2 in the triphasic response to ATP of the isolated tracheal muscle of guinea-pigs
Authors: Kamikawa Yuichiro , Shimo Yasuo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
ATP, at a dose higher than 0·1 μg ml−1, showed a biphasic action consisting of an initial increase followed by a gradual decrease of muscle tension in the isolated tracheal strip-chains of guinea-pigs. The pattern of this biphasic response to ATP varied with the level of basal tone of the preparation at the moment of application of ATP. A similar biphasic action was obtained by prostaglandin (PG) E2 among the various active substances studied including acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines and various types of PG. Indomethacin (0·1 μg ml−1) and aspirin (30 μg ml−1) completely abolished the ATP-induced inhibitory response observed in the presence of histamine (10 μm). Polyphloretin phosphate (100 μg ml−1) also significantly depressed the inhibitory response to ATP or PGE2. It is concluded that the response to ATP of the preparation is mediated by PGE2 released via the stimulation of its biosynthesis.
The Beginning of therpoBGene in Addition to the Rifampin Resistance Determination Region Might Be Needed for Identifying Rifampin/Rifabutin Cross-Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Southern China
Authors: Tan Yaoju , Hu Zuqiong , Zhao Yanlin , Cai Xingshan , Luo Chunming , Zou Cairong , Liu Xin 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWe aimed to study the distribution and contribution of mutations in therpoBwhole gene in rifampin-resistant/rifabutin-resistant (RIFr/Rfbr) (or RIF/Rfb cross-resistant) clinicalMycobacterium tuberculosisisolates. One standardM. tuberculosisstrain (H37Rv) and 392 other clinicalM. tuberculosisisolates mainly from Guangdong Province of China whose susceptibilities to rifampin (RIF), rifabutin (Rfb), streptomycin (SM), ethambutol (EMB), and isoniazid (INH) were previously determined were subjected to DNA sequencing of theirrpoBwhole genes. H37Rv and the 30 drug-susceptible clinical isolates had no mutations inrpoBwhole genes. In 43 rifampin-resistant/rifabutin-susceptible (RIFr/Rfbs) isolates, the most frequent mutation codons were 516 (62.80%), 526 (14.0%), and 533 (6.98%), but codon 531 had no mutation. Twenty-one of the 43 isolates (48.84%) had single mutations of H526L, H526S, D516V, D516Y, and D516F. In 319 RIFr/Rfbrisolates, the most frequent mutation codons were 531 (73.7%) and 526 (18.8%); the mutation frequency for codon 516 was 2.5%, and that for codon 533 was only 0.31%. A total of 82.8% (264/319) of them had single mutations of S531L, S531W, H526D, H526Y, H526R, Q513K, Q513P, Q510H, V176F, P206TR, Y314TC, and H323TY (the superscript T indicatesM. tuberculosisnumbering; the remaining codons use theE. colinumbering), among which V176F, P206TR, Y314TC, and H323TY were located in the beginning ofrpoB, and all of them were present in 1.9% (6/319) of RIFr/Rfbrisolates. The multiple mutations in RIFr/Rfbrisolates and in RIFr/Rfbsisolates were also different from each other either in mutation positions or in types of mutation combinations. In conclusion, the mutations ofrpoBin RIF-R/Rfbsand in RIF-R/Rfb-R isolates differ significantly from each other not only in the most frequent mutation codons (516, 531, and 533) but also in the most frequent single mutations (S531L, H526L, D516V, D516Y, and D516F), and the beginning ofrpoBmay confer a RIF/Rfb cross-resistance phenotype inM. tuberculosis. Molecular assays for identifying RIF/Rfb cross-resistance inM. tuberculosismight be improved in terms of accuracy by including this region, in addition to the rifampin resistance determination region.
Necrotizing Fasciitis and Septic Shock Related to the Uncommon Gram-Negative Pathogen Sphingobacterium multivorum
Authors: Grimaldi D. , Doloy A. , Fichet J. , Bourgeois E. , Zuber B. , Wajsfisz A , Mira J. P. , Poyart C. , Pène F. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

We report the first case of necrotizing fasciitis due to the uncommon Gram-negative pathogen
Sphingobacterium multivorum
in an immunocompromised patient, who presented with septic shock. This case adds necrotizing fasciitis to the spectrum of
S. multivorum
-related infections and highlights the emergence of Gram-negative bacteria in severe soft tissue infections.
Evaluation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis, N. gonorrhoeae Multiantigen Sequence Typing, and Full-Length
porB
Gene Sequence Analysis for Molecular Epidemiological Typing
Authors: Heymans Raymond , Golparian Daniel , Bruisten Sylvia M. , Schouls Leo M. , Unemo Magnus 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

The performance characteristics of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis were evaluated, by comparison with
N. gonorrhoeae
multiantigen sequence typing and full-length
porB
sequence typing. Assessment of the relatedness of intra- and interpatient isolates showed that all three genotyping techniques display a high resolution and typeability.
A Longitudinal Case Series Description of Meningitis Due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus in Infants
Authors: Klatte J. Michael , Clarridge Jill E. , Bratcher Denise , Selvarangan Rangaraj 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus gallolyticus
subsp.
pasteurianus
, previously known as
Streptococcus bovis
biotype II.2, is known to cause multiple infectious complications, including bacterial meningitis, in adults. Only sporadic individual case reports have identified this pathogen as a cause of meningitis in infants. This study is the first to longitudinally document
S. gallolyticus
subsp.
pasteurianus
as a cause of meningitis in four epidemiologically unrelated infants less than 2 weeks of age. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of all 4 isolates were identical, and further were identical to 3 central nervous system (CNS) strains (two adults and one child) reported in existing literature.
S. gallolyticus
subsp.
pasteurianus
is an increasingly recognized cause of meningitis and bacteremia in the newborn period, and it merits further study with respect to etiology of infection.
The Combined Effect of Tidally and Eddy-Driven Diapycnal Mixing on the Large-Scale Ocean Circulation
Authors: Saenko Oleg A. , Zhai Xiaoming , Merryfield William J. , Lee Warren G. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Several recent studies have shown that ocean western boundaries are the primary regions of eddy energy dissipation. Globally, the eddy energy sinks have been estimated to integrate to about 0.2 TW. This is a sizable fraction of the tidal energy dissipation in the deep oceanic interior, estimated at about 1.0 TW and contributing to diapycnal mixing. The authors conduct sensitivity experiments with an ocean general circulation model assuming that the eddy energy is scattered into high-wavenumber vertical modes, resulting in energy dissipation and locally enhanced diapycnal mixing. When only the tidal energy dissipation maintains diapycnal mixing, the overturning circulation, and stratification in the deep ocean are too weak. With the addition of the eddy dissipation, the deep-ocean thermal structure becomes closer to that observed and the overturning circulation and stratification in the abyss become stronger. Furthermore, the mixing associated with the eddy dissipation can, on its own, drive a relatively strong overturning. The stratification and overturning in the deep ocean are sensitive to the vertical structure of diapycnal mixing. When most of this energy dissipates within 300 m above the bottom, the abyssal overturning and stratification are too weak. Allowing for the dissipation to penetrate higher in the water column, such as suggested by recent observations, results in stronger stratification and meridional circulation. Zonal circulation is also affected. In particular, the Drake Passage transport becomes closer to its observational estimates with the increase in the vertical scale for turbulence above topography. Consistent with some theoretical models, the Drake Passage transport increases with the increase in the mean upper-ocean diffusivity.
MicroRNA regulation of STAT4 protein expression: rapid and sensitive modulation of IL-12 signaling in human natural killer cells
Authors: Huang Yong , Lei YingFeng , Zhang Hai , Hou LiChao , Zhang Mingjie , Dayton Andrew I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIL-12 exerts several regulatory effects on natural killer (NK) cells by activating IL-12 signaling. IL-12 signaling is tightly auto-regulated to control its onset and termination, with prolonged IL-12 treatment resulting in IL-12 hyporesponsiveness. However, the mechanisms underlying IL-12 auto-regulation are still unclear. In this study we report that prolonged IL-12 treatment significantly up-regulates microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-132, -212, and -200a in primary human NK cells. This up-regulation correlates temporally with gradually decreasing STAT4 levels and decreasing IFN-γ expression, after an initial increase within the first 16 hours of IL-12 treatment. The IL-12 hyporesponsiveness is dependent on IL-12 concentration, and associated up-regulation of miR-132, -212, and -200a. Furthermore, IL-12–hyporesponsive cells regain responsiveness of IFN-γ production 24 hours after IL-12 removal, which correlates with decreases in miR-132, -212, and -200a levels. Overexpression of miR-132, -212, and -200a by transfection into NK cells mimics IL-12 priming, inducing IL-12 hyporesponsiveness, whereas transfection of miR-132, -212, and -200a inhibitors largely abolishes IL-12 induction of IL-12 hyporesponsiveness. These data suggest that miR-132, -212, and -200a up-regulation during prolonged IL-12 treatment, negatively regulates the IL-12 signaling pathway by reducing STAT4 expression in primary human NK cells.
Delta neutrophil index as an early marker of disease severity in critically ill patients with sepsis
Authors: Park Byung Hoon , Kang Young Ae , Park Moo Suk , Jung Won Jai , Lee Su Hwan , Lee Sang Kook , Kim Song Yee , Kim Se Kyu , Chang Joon , Jung Ji Ye , Kim Young Sam 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
The immature granulocyte count has been reported to be a marker of infection and sepsis. The difference in leukocyte subfractions (delta neutrophil index, DNI) in ADVIA 2120 reflects the fraction of circulating immature granulocytes in the blood. This study evaluated the clinical utility of DNI as a severity and prediction marker in critically ill patients with sepsis.

Methods
One hundred and three patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit with sepsis were studied. DNI (the difference in leukocyte subfractions identified by myeloperoxidase and nuclear lobularity channels) was determined using a specific blood cell analyzer.

Results
Forty four patients (42.7%) were diagnosed with severe sepsis/septic shock. Overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurred in 40 (38.8%). DNI was significantly higher in patients with severe sepsis/septic shock and overt DIC than in patients without (p < 0.05). DNI correlated with DIC score (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). We observed a monotonic increase in the proportion of overt DIC and severe sepsis/septic shock associated with increasing quartiles of DNI (p < 0.001). A DNI value > 6.5% was a better indicator of severe sepsis/septic shock than C-reactive protein, lactate, white blood cell count, and absolute neutrophil count (sensitivity, 81.3%; specificity, 91.0%; positive predictive value, 88.6%; and negative predictive value, 84.7%). In 36 (82%) of the 44 patients with severe sepsis/septic shock, DNI values were already elevated up to 12 hours before the onset of organ/circulatory failure.

Conclusions
DNI may be used as a marker of disease severity in critically ill patients with sepsis. High levels of DNI may help to identify patients with an impending risk of developing severe sepsis/septic shock.
Degradation of insecticides used for indoor spraying in malaria control and possible solutions
Authors: Sibanda Mthokozisi M , Focke Walter W , Labuschagne Frederick JWJ , Moyo Lumbidzani , Nhlapo Nontete S , Maity Arjun , Muiambo Herminio , Massinga Pedro , Crowther Nico AS , Coetzee Maureen , Brindley Gordon WA 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
The insecticide dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) is widely used in indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria control owing to its longer residual efficacy in the field compared to other World Health Organization (WHO) alternatives. Suitable stabilization to render these alternative insecticides longer lasting could provide a less controversial and more acceptable and effective alternative insecticide formulations than DDT.

Methods
This study sought to investigate the reasons behind the often reported longer lasting behaviour of DDT by exposing all the WHO approved insecticides to high temperature, high humidity and ultra-violet light. Interactions between the insecticides and some mineral powders in the presence of an aqueous medium were also tested. Simple insecticidal paints were made using slurries of these mineral powders whilst some insecticides were dispersed into a conventional acrylic paint binder. These formulations were then spray painted on neat and manure coated mud plaques, representative of the material typically used in rural mud houses, at twice the upper limit of the WHO recommended dosage range. DDT was applied directly onto mud plaques at four times the WHO recommended concentration and on manure plaques at twice WHO recommended concentration. All plaques were subjected to accelerated ageing conditions of 40°C and a relative humidity of 90%.

Results
The pyrethroids insecticides outperformed the carbamates and DDT in the accelerated ageing tests. Thus UV exposure, high temperature oxidation and high humidity per se were ruled out as the main causes of failure of the alternative insecticides. Gas chromatography (GC) spectrograms showed that phosphogypsum stabilised the insecticides the most against alkaline degradation (i.e., hydrolysis). Bioassay testing showed that the period of efficacy of some of these formulations was comparable to that of DDT when sprayed on mud surfaces or cattle manure coated surfaces.

Conclusions
Bioassay experiments indicated that incorporating insecticides into a conventional paint binder or adsorbing them onto phosphogypsum can provide for extended effective life spans that compare favourably with DDT's performance under accelerated ageing conditions. Best results were obtained with propoxur in standard acrylic emulsion paint. Similarly, insecticides adsorbed on phosphogypsum and sprayed on cattle manure coated surfaces provided superior lifespans compared with DDT sprayed directly on a similar surface.
Cytokine & chemokine response in the lungs, pleural fluid and serum in thoracic surgery using one-lung ventilation
Authors: Breunig Andreas , Gambazzi Franco , Beck-Schimmer Beatrice , Tamm Michael , Lardinois Didier , Oertli Daniel , Zingg Urs 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Thoracic surgery mandates usually a one-lung ventilation (OLV) strategy with the collapse of the operated lung and ventilation of the non-operated lung. These procedures trigger a substantial inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to analyze the cytokine and chemokine reaction in both lungs, pleural space and blood in patients undergoing lung resection with OLV with special interest in the chemokine growth-regulated peptide alpha (GROα) which is the human equivalent to the rat cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1).

Methods
Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of both the collapsed, operated and the ventilated, non-operated lung, respectively, pleural space drainage fluid and blood was collected and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1RA and GROα were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 15 patients.

Results
Substantial inter-individual differences in the BAL fluid between patients in cytokine and chemokine levels occurred. In the pleural fluid and the blood these inter-individual differences were less pronounced. Both sides of the lung were affected and showed a significant increase in IL-6 and IL-1RA concentrations over time but not in GROα concentrations. Except for IL-6, which increased more in the collapsed, operated lung, no difference between the collapsed, operated and the ventilated, non-operated lung occurred. In the blood, IL-6 and IL-1RA increased early, already at the end of surgery. GROα was not detectable. In the pleural fluid, both cytokine and chemokine concentrations increased by day one. The increase was significantly higher in the pleural fluid compared to the blood.

Conclusion
The inflammatory response of cytokines affects both the collapsed, operated and the ventilated, non-operated lungs. The difference in extent of response underlines the complexity of the inflammatory processes during OLV. In contrast to the cytokines, the chemokine GROα concentrations did not react in the BAL fluid or in the blood. This indicates that GROα might not be useful as marker for the inflammatory reaction in complex surgical procedures.
Gene expression profiling in acute allograft rejection: challenging the immunologic constant of rejection hypothesis
Authors: Spivey Tara L , Uccellini Lorenzo , Ascierto Maria Libera , Zoppoli Gabriele , De Giorgi Valeria , Delogu Lucia Gemma , Engle Alyson M , Thomas Jaime M , Wang Ena , Marincola Francesco M , Bedognetti Davide 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn humans, the role and relationship between molecular pathways that lead to tissue destruction during acute allograft rejection are not fully understood. Based on studies conducted in humans, we recently hypothesized that different immune-mediated tissue destruction processes (i.e. cancer, infection, autoimmunity) share common convergent final mechanisms. We called this phenomenon the "Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR)." The elements of the ICR include molecular pathways that are consistently described through different immune-mediated tissue destruction processes and demonstrate the activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), the recruitment of cytotoxic immune cells (primarily through CXCR3/CCR5 ligand pathways), and the activation of immune effector function genes (IEF genes; granzymes A/B, perforin, etc.).Here, we challenge the ICR hypothesis by using a meta-analytical approach and systematically reviewing microarray studies evaluating gene expression on tissue biopsies during acute allograft rejection. We found the pillars of the ICR consistently present among the studies reviewed, despite implicit heterogeneity.Additionally, we provide a descriptive mechanistic overview of acute allograft rejection by describing those molecular pathways most frequently encountered and thereby thought to be most significant. The biological role of the following molecular pathways is described: IFN-γ, CXCR3/CCR5 ligand, IEF genes, TNF-α, IL-10, IRF-1/STAT-1, and complement pathways. The role of NK cell, B cell and T-regulatory cell signatures are also addressed.