bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a brief intervention on stress and coping in primary caregivers of children with intellectual disability
Authors: Dhanapal Kaviyabala , Nagarajan Padmavathi , Kaliamoorthy Charanya , Kandasamy Preeti 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Intellectual disability (ID) is a global public health concern and it causes a significant amount of distress to primary caregivers. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a psychoeducational module on caregiver's stress and their ability to cope with this disorder.

Methodology:
An experimental one group pretest posttest design was adopted. Family interview on stress and coping questionnaire was applied to 38 caregivers of children with ID. A brief intervention (psychoeducation) was administered after a pretest. After 15 days, a posttest was conducted. The effect was assessed using the paired t-test.

Results:
Majority of the caregivers were females 31 (981.6%). At baseline, 33 (86.8%) subjects showed severe stress, 1 (2.6%) had very severe stress and 4 (10.5%) had a moderate level of stress. Coping was inadequate in 26 (68.4%) and adequate in 12 (31.6%) subjects before the intervention. The results showed that the mean scores of stress were decreased from the baseline score of 2.34 ± 0.23 to 2.05 ± 0.40 and that of coping was increased from 2.32 ± 0.47 to 2.84 ± 0.36 and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Brief intervention (psychoeducation) helps in reducing the stress and improving the coping skills of primary care givers of children with ID.
Coping in Caregivers of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorders
Authors: Pahuja Erika , Nischal Anil , Nischal Anuradha , Agarwal Manu , Gupta Bandna , Tripathi Adarsh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is potentially a disabling disorder not only for the patients, but also for their family members, generating an additional burden on caregivers. Burden of care on caregivers may impact their family dynamics and affect the course of the illness. This perception of burden may largely depend on the coping strategies used by the caregivers. Studies have demonstrated that coping varies with socio-demographic variables but there is a dearth of research on coping strategies used by caregivers of OCD in India.

Aims:
To study coping in caregivers of OCD and its association with socio-demographic variables of caregivers and clinical variables of the illness.

Method:
Sixty seven caregivers of OCD were assessed on Cope Inventory. Association of experience of coping with socio-demographic variables of caregivers as well as patients and clinical variables of patients was studied. Result and

Conclusions:
Adaptive coping strategies like “Positive reinterpretation and Growth” and “Active Coping” were used more by males; student, clerical/ shop owner/ farmer; and caregivers of patients with OCD, with mixed obsessional thoughts and acts. Maladaptive coping strategies like “Focus on Venting of Emotions” was used more by caregivers of patients with severe illness. “Acceptance” was used more by young caregivers, spouses and caregivers of patients who received adequate treatment for last 3 months. Considering, adaptive coping efforts may provide protection from stressor of having a family member with OCD, there is an equal need to focus on caregivers along with patients. Training caregivers to use adaptive coping strategies, family interventions, psycho-educating targeted caregivers may lower the burden of illness and help caregivers to appraise the caregiving more favorably rather than taxing.
Poor enrollment of persons with disabilities in niramaya health insurance scheme over a decade under the indian national trust
Authors: Angothu Hareesh , Ajmera Sudhakar , Thanapal Sivakumar , Reddy Krishnareddy Shanivaram , Jagannathan Aarti , Muliyala Krishna Prasad , Thirthalli Jagadisha 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Niramaya Health Insurance Scheme is offered for persons with disabilities (PwD) under the National Trust Act, 1999, since 2008. There is less awareness among health professionals, PwD, and caregivers about this.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to study the number of enrolled PwD in the Niramaya Health Insurance Scheme across the country since its inception.

Methods:
Annual reports of the National Trust were available in the public domain, and information obtained from the National Trust was used for analysis.

Results:
Total enrollments have steadily increased from 36,153 (2008–2009) to 96,716 (2018–2019). Madhya Pradesh state accounted for more than two-thirds of total enrollments in the year 2018–2019, and enrollments from many other states and union territories are lesser than 100.

Conclusions:
After a decade of its launch, less than a fraction of eligible PwD is enrolled in the scheme. Multipronged efforts are needed to promote the enrollment and utilization of the benefits of the Scheme.
Effectiveness of Yoga Nidra Intervention (Meditation) in Improving well-being of an Individual
Authors: Dwivedi Manish Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The present study has investigated the impact of Yoga Nidra in improving the wellbeing of an individual.

Context:
Thomas argued that there is no precise definition of well-being, and he argued that well-being is intangible, difficult to define, and even hard to measure. The impact of stress causes physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disorders which result in deteriorating the well-being of an individual. Yoga Nidra relaxes the body at physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual levels.

Methods:
The comprehensive scale of well-being comprises these factors that are taken into consideration for assessing the well-being at these levels. The study investigated the well-being before and after the administration of Yoga Nidra intervention to the participants. This is a pre- and post test experimental study in which factors of well-being are being explored through extensive literature survey and instrument of well-being has been developed. The various factors were explored through exploratory factor analysis and validated it through confirmatory factor analysis. Results and

Conclusion:
The results showed that there is a significant influence of physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual components on well-being.
Impact of disability on quality of life and coping in patients with allergic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Sharma Yojana , Patel Nisheet M , Mahida Ankur , Mistry Hansal G , Rangwala Tanya M 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Allergic rhinosinusitis (AR) is common disabling disorder which is prevalent more in western India. Most of these patients have chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposes. The present study assessed disability and its impact on quality of life (QoL) in AR that would help to include psychosocial measures along with the drugs treatment.

Aims:
To study to the impact of Disability, QoL and mechanism of Coping in AR.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted in the ENT out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital over a 3 month period.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with age more than 18 years and without any comorbidity were included in the study. Gujarati versions of Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (for disability), SF-36 survey (QoL) and Coping Strategies Inventory-Short-Form were used.

Statistical Analysis:
SPSS (IBM Corp. Released 2013.IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 1.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) was used for all analysis. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and correlation were calculated.

Results:
A significant impact of disability on QoL (general health and health change) was noted among these patients (P = 0.505,P= 0.370), more in urban than rural patients with greater distress and significant relationship between engagement and disengagement based coping style (r = 0.701). Conversely, social functioning and engagement based coping style had a negative co-relationship (−0.210). Sample was predominantly male using emotional coping than practical one.

Conclusions:
Faulty coping can lead to increased morbidity which may be altered with disease specific psychoeducation and counseling.
Semen Washing and Intrauterine Insemination for Reducing the Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in Serodiscordant Couples: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shah Duru , Harjani Raj , Yadav Vishesha 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Antiretroviral therapy has helped human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people live an enhanced quality of life and attempt for a pregnancy, without placing their partner at risk. Although periconceptional pre-exposure prophylaxis for the uninfected partner and consistent antiretroviral therapy for the HIV-infected partner are important to prevent HIV transmission, semen washing could be a great option to further reduce the semen viral load.

Aim:
The aim of this study were as follows: to determine if semen washing with intrauterine insemination provides an added safety net to HIV-serodiscordant couples when the male partner is HIV-infected and virally suppressed and to determine if the U = U concept (undetectable = untransmittable) holds true in virally suppressed HIV-infected males.

Settings and Design:
This was an observational study conducted in seropositive HIV men under treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in collaboration with Metropolis Laboratory, a CAP recognised private Healthcare Laboratory in Mumbai, India.

Materials and Methods:
Blood and semen samples were collected from a total of 110 adult HIV-1-infected males virally suppressed on HAART. These samples were processed to assess the viral load in plasma as well as raw and processed semen fractions.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.

Results:
Only men with plasma viral loads < 1000 copies were selected in our study. Out of the 110 HIV-infected individuals, 102 (92.73%) patients had undetectable (<20 copies/ml) plasma viral load while 8 (7.27%) patients had a detectable (>20 copies/ml) viral load, who were excluded from the study. In the virally suppressed 102 men, the raw semen samples of 100 men showed an undetectable viral load, while 2 samples showed detectable contamination, even though their plasma samples from the blood showed a viral load of <20 copies/ml. The semen was then separated into the sperm and the seminal plasma samples. The seminal plasma had <20 copies/ml in 95 samples (93.14%) but a detectable viral load in 7 (6.86%) samples. After subjecting all the 102 processed (post-wash) sperm samples to quantitative analysis, an undetectable viral load of <20 copies/ml was found in all the samples. Thus, the raw sample (prewashed),seminal plasma and processed (postwash) samples were evaluated. The post-wash sperm sample showing zero contamination was frozen for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in the uninfected female partner.

Conclusions:
Semen washing with IUI should be advocated as a safe, efficacious way to increase the safety net and to further reduce the minimal risk of HIV transmission in serodiscordant couples in addition to the U = U concept.
Association between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Impaired Kidney Function and Hyperuricaemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Widjanarko Nicolas Daniel , Iskandar Archie Fontana , Suryatenggara Felicia Grizelda , Sylfiasari Rosalia , Leonardo Leonardo 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a gynaecological problem affecting women within reproductive age, accompanied by several metabolic anomalies, thus leading to alteration in kidney function and hyperuricaemia. Due to the high prevalence of cardiometabolic factors in PCOS, there is a need to anticipate an increased number of kidney impairments amongst these women.

Objectives:
This review aims to investigate the potential link between PCOS, impaired kidney function, and elevated uric acid levels. By elucidating this association, we hope to provide clinicians with a tool to stratify the risk of kidney disease in women diagnosed with PCOS, based on readily available kidney function parameters.

Materials and Methods:
The recommendations used for the analysis were outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Subsequently, eligible studies were identified using several databases (MEDLINE, ProQuest and EBSCOhost) between 1996 and 2022, with a total of 13 studies included. Serum uric acid, serum creatinine, as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated as the outcome of interest. Quality assessment for cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies was conducted utilising the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, while Review Manager 5.4 was utilised for meta-analysis.

Results:
Uric acid was significantly higher in women with PCOS (mean difference [MD] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.45–0.95], P < 0.00001). Meanwhile, serum creatinine and eGFR were statistically similar in each group (MD = 0.08, 95% CI [−0.05–0.21], P = 0.22 and MD = 3.54, 95% CI [−4.53–11.61], P = 0.39, respectively).

Interpretation:
This review showed that PCOS was significantly associated with elevated uric acid. However, no significant difference was found between eGFR and creatinine levels compared to healthy controls. Routine uric acid assessment in PCOS patients is recommended as a simple tool for risk stratification.

Limitations:
No body mass index (BMI) subgroup analysis was done due to limited BMI reporting in our included studies. Quantitative analysis of all kidney function parameters was also limited by sparse data on urea and albumin.

PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42023410092 (02 April 2023).
Analysis of current status of and barriers to exercise participation among patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Tian Xin , Li Xiuli , Deng Jianhua 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this study was to analyze the current status of barriers to exercise participation (EP) among patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 277 outpatients undergoing MHD in 2 tertiary first-class hospitals in Beijing from February 2023 to June 2023 who were selected using convenience sampling method. The data of patients on MHD were collected using the general information questionnaire, Physical Activity Rating Scale, Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES). The relationship between EP and barriers to EP was analyzed through univariate and multivariate linear regression models.

Results:
Patients on MHD had a low exercise volume score of 13.71 ± 0.68 points and a medium EBBS score of 63.36 ± 0.40 points. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that exercise volume was significantly related to the following four aspects, including low monthly household income per capita (odds ratio [OR] = 86.741, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.164–6.465], P = 0.042), primary underlying disease of diabetic nephropathy (OR = 45.993, 95% CI [1.353–1.564], P = 0.033), the belief that “fatigue in lower extremities hinders exercise” (OR = 4.697, 95% CI [1.127–19.585], P = 0.034), and the belief that “physical exercise bringing optimistic and positive life attitude” (OR = 0.074, 95% CI [0.007–0.830], P = 0.035).

Conclusions:
Since patients on MHD had low physical exercise volume, the health-care provider should pay more attention on the controllable factors that affect the EP of patients on MHD. Therefore, feasible and effective intervention measures can be formulated based on ESES in clinical nursing.
The burden and psychosocial impact on immediate caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in a tertiary health facility, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ehwarieme Timothy Aghoghko , Josiah Uzezi , Emina Auwuli 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the burden and psychosocial impact of spinal cord injury on the immediate caregivers at a tertiary health facility in Benin City, Edo State.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted among 73 family caregivers in the neurological ward of a tertiary health facility using a structured questionnaire as instrument of data collection. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.

Results:
Findings revealed that an overall mean of 2.73 indicates that the burden on the caregivers was moderate with a moderate psychological impact (m = 2.88) and a high sociological impact (m = 3.12). Factors affecting the caregiving provided by immediate caregivers include social and household responsibilities (94.5%), financial situation (89.0%), family support (83.6%), and health status of the caregiver (80.8%). Age (odds ratio [OR] = 5.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–27.17, P = 0.027), education (OR = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.05–13.39, P = 0.041), and “others” (spouses, siblings, friends, or extended family members) (OR = 3.167, 95% CI: 1.583–6.337, P = 0.001) were predictors for high psychological impact while education (OR = 0.074; 95% CI: 0.015–0.370, P = 0.001) and caregiving role (OR = 3.167; 95% CI: 0. 1.583–6.337, P = 0.001) high sociological impact.

Conclusion:
Majority of the caregivers experience moderate burden, moderate psychological impact, and high sociological impact. Understanding these factors is essential for developing targeted interventions and support services to address the unique needs of caregivers and mitigate the burden of caregiving on their psychosocial health.
Depression and Anxiety in Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Center in Central India
Authors: Sharma Ruchi , Sachan Dheerendra , Vyas Devesh , Rajput Manbahadur 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Cancer is a life-threatening disease which can also lead to mental health issues such as depression and anxiety, which add to the burden of illness in cancer patients. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety among cancer patients during treatment.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 128 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale. A cutoff score of ten or more was set to diagnose depression and anxiety, respectively. Various risk factors associated with depression and anxiety were assessed.

Results:
The prevalence of depression and anxiety in cancer patients was 31.25% and 15.62%, respectively. The prevalence of depression was most common in head-and-neck cancer and ovarian cancer, while the prevalence of anxiety was most common in head-and-neck cancer and lung cancer. The prevalence of both depression and anxiety was higher in stage IV versus stage III, in males versus females, and in the age group of 41–50 years. The patients receiving chemotherapy had a higher prevalence compared to those receiving combination treatment.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of depression and anxiety in cancer patients during cancer treatment which is affected by a variety of factors. It highlights the problem of psychiatric burden in cancer patients and the need to address this problem by improving means for the early detection and early administration of treatment.
Efficacy and Safety of Paclitaxel versus Cisplatin with Concurrent Radiotherapy in Central India Patients with Locally Advanced Head-and-neck Cancers: A Randomized, Open-label Study
Authors: Mahobia Vijay , Pawar Amol , Diwan Ashok Kumar , Bandhate Kamal 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In India, majority of the patients with head-and-neck cancers are diagnosed in the locally advanced stage. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel versus cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy (RT) in patients with locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (LAHNSCCs).

Materials and Methods:
This was an open-label, randomized study involving 100 patients with LAHNSCC who were randomly divided into two groups: the first group received paclitaxel (Tax, n = 50, 30 mg/m2/week for 7 weeks) and the second group received cisplatin (Cis, n = 50; 40 mg/m2/week for 7 weeks). Both the groups received concurrent RT in a total dose of 66.6 Gy in 37 fractions of 5 days/week over a period of 7.5 weeks.

Results:
The complete (46% vs. 36%) and partial (40% vs. 50%) response rates in the Tax + RT group and Cis + RT group were not significantly different (both P > 0.05). Cis + RT resulted in significantly greater Grade I adverse events (AEs) (P < 0.05). While, Grade II, III, and IV AEs were significantly greater with Tax + RT (all P < 0.05). Overall analysis revealed that the use of Cis + RT was associated with a significantly greater number of patients who were free from AEs (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Tax + RT and Cis + RT were equi-efficacious in patients with LAHNSCC. However, Cis + RT had a better safety profile.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Essential Oils
Authors: Rahmi Eldiza Puji , Makkiyah Feda Anisah , Septama Abdi Wira , Tasfiyati Aprilia Nur , Dewi Rizna Triana 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodiumDC), which belongs to theRutaceaefamily, is a plant widely used as a spice in traditional Batak cuisine around the Toba region-Samosir, North Sumatra. The Batak people also useZ. acanthopodiumto treat digestive problems, reduce pain, relieve diarrhea, as an aromatic ingredient, tonic, and increase appetite.Methods:This investigation analyzed the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity ofZ. acanthopodiumfruit essential oil. The phytochemical content was studied using total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and the essential oil’s antioxidant activities were evaluatedin vitroagainst DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS.Results:The results showed that the principal constituents ofZ. acanthopodiumfruit essential oil were D-Limonene, Geranyl acetate,-pinene, and α-Ocimene. In addition, the TPC and TFC of the essential oil were relatively low, at 3.81 mg GAE/g sample and 11.42 mg QE/g sample, respectively. According to the DPPH assay results, the essential oil is effective as an antioxidant with an IC50value of 28.37 ug/mL. However, the FRAP and ABTS assays did not showed antioxidant activity. The different results from antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS) may be due to the various time of conducting the assay. The DPPH assay was done immediately after the essential oil extracting process, while the FRAP and ABTS assays were done 3 months later.Conclusion:The results indicated that the essential oil has high antioxidant properties and has the potential to be further studied for its pharmacological properties.