bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic links between atopy, allergy, and alopecia areata: insights from a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Wen , Zhang Hongyan , Wan Sheng , Xie Bo , Song Xiuzu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Alopecia areata (AA), a prevalent form of autoimmune hair loss, has a not well-defined relationship with atopic and allergic disorders, including eczema, hay fever, and asthma.

Objectives
This study aims to elucidate the genetic relationship between atopy, allergies, and alopecia areata (AA) using Mendelian randomization. We hypothesize that atopic and allergic conditions contribute to the genetic predisposition of AA.

Methods
We analyzed extensive genetic data from Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) involving over one million individuals. This analysis focused on assessing the genetic correlation between AA and various allergic conditions, including hay fever, eczema, asthma, and allergies to pollen, dust, and cats. The inverse variance weighted method served as our primary analytical tool, complemented by sensitivity analyses to verify the robustness of our results.

Results
Our findings reveal a significant genetic correlation between atopy/allergies and an increased risk of AA. Notably, strong associations were observed for hay fever, eczema, asthma, and specific allergies (pollen, dust, and cats). The sensitivity analyses corroborated these associations, reinforcing the reliability of our primary results.

Conclusions
This study provides compelling genetic evidence of an association between atopic and allergic conditions and the development of AA. These findings suggest that individuals with such conditions may benefit from enhanced surveillance for early signs of AA.
What evidence exists regarding the impact of biodiversity on human health and well-being? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Li Honghong , Jansen Raf E. V. , Sijuwade Charis , Macura Biljana , Giusti Matteo , Jørgensen Peter Søgaard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Global biodiversity is rapidly declining, yet we still do not fully understand the relationships between biodiversity and human health and well-being. As debated, the loss of biodiversity or reduced contact with natural biodiversity may lead to more public health problems, such as an increase in chronic disease. There is a growing body of research that investigates how multiple forms of biodiversity are associated with an increasingly diverse set of human health and well-being outcomes across scales. This protocol describes the intended method to systematically mapping the evidence on the associations between biodiversity from microscopic to planetary scales and human health and well-being from individual to global scales.

Methods
We will systematically map secondary studies on the topic by following the Collaborations for Environmental Evidence Guidelines and Standards for Evidence Synthesis in Environment Management. We developed the searching strings to target both well established and rarely studied forms of biodiversity and human health and well-being outcomes in the literature. A pairwise combination search of biodiversity and human health subtopics will be conducted in PubMed, Web of Science platform (across four databases) and Scopus with no time restrictions. To improve the screening efficiency in EPPI reviewer, supervised machine learning, such as a bespoke classification model, will be trained and applied at title and abstract screening stage. A consistency check between at least two independent reviewers will be conducted during screening (both title-abstract and full-text) and data extraction process. No critical appraisal will be undertaken in this map. We may use topic modelling (unsupervised machine learning) to cluster the topics as a basis for further statistical and narrative analysis.
Cluster analysis exploring the impact of childhood neglect on cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Hsueh Yuan-Zhi , Huang Cho-Yin , Kuo Po-Hsiu , Cheng Ying-Chih , Huang Ming-Chyi , Chiu Chih Chiang , Kuo Chian-Jue , Chen Po-Yu , Chen Wen-Yin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder related to neurocognitive deficits. Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with worse cognitive performance. Different compositions of childhood trauma in BD and their impacts on cognition are rarely reported.

Methods
We used the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A) to assess cognitive performance and the Chinese version of the Short Form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (C-CTQ-SF) to assess childhood trauma experience among 55 euthymic BD patients. Cluster analysis was applied to dissect their childhood trauma experiences, which revealed three distinct clusters: a low trauma group, neglect-focus group, and multiple-trauma-experience group. We compared the cognitive function between the three clusters and used a generalized linear model to evaluate the impact of childhood neglect on cognitive domains.

Results
The neglect-focus cluster showed prominent exposures to physical and emotional neglect (41.8%). BD patients in this cluster performed worse in BAC-A compared with patients in the multiple trauma cluster, especially in working memory and processing speed. The neglect-focus group revealed a significant negative effect on the composite score (ß = -0.904, p = 0.025) and working memory (ß = -1.150, p = 0.002) after adjusting sex, age, education year, BMI and total psychotropic defined daily dose.

Conclusions
Distinct patterns of childhood trauma experience are seen in BD patients and are related with different cognitive profiles. Early exposure of neglect-focus trauma was associated with the worst cognitive performance in current study. Further studies investigating the intensity of the neglect, as well as individual resilience and coping mechanisms in BD, are warranted.
Emotion regulation unveiled through the categorical lens of attachment
Authors: Domic-Siede Marcos , Guzmán-González Mónica , Sánchez-Corzo Andrea , Álvarez Xaviera , Araya Vanessa , Espinoza Camila , Zenis Karla , Marín-Medina Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Emotion regulation, the process by which individuals manage and modify their emotional experiences, expressions, and responses to adaptively navigate and cope with various situations, plays a crucial role in daily life. Our study investigates the variations in emotion regulation strategies among individuals with different attachment styles (AS). Specifically, we examine how individuals with secure, anxious, avoidant, and fearful attachment styles effectively utilize cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression to regulate their emotions.

Methods
A total of n = 98 adults were instructed to attend, reappraise, or suppress their emotions while viewing negative and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) in an experimental emotion regulation task. After completing the task, participants rated the valence and arousal elicited by the images. Attachment styles were measured using the ECR-12 questionnaire and then categorized into four AS.

Results
Our study revealed that individuals with secure AS (n = 39) effectively reduced displeasure through cognitive reappraisal but experienced levels of displeasure with expressive suppression. Anxious AS (n = 16) individuals successfully reduced displeasure using cognitive reappraisal but struggled to regulate arousal and effectively use expressive suppression. Avoidant AS (n = 24) individuals could reduce displeasure with both strategies but experienced high arousal during suppression attempts. Fearful AS (n = 19) individuals effectively regulated both displeasure and arousal using either strategy. However, Secure AS individuals showed superior reappraisal efficacy, significantly reducing arousal levels compared to the Fearful AS group. Both Secure and Avoidant AS groups experienced higher valence during reappraisal relative to a baseline, indicating a decrease in displeasure.

Conclusions
Individuals with different AS exhibit variations in the effectiveness of their use of emotion regulation strategies. Our findings reinforce the significance of AS in shaping emotion regulation processes and emphasize the need for tailored approaches to support individuals with different attachment orientations.
3-year clinical outcomes of A Singapore VenaSeal™ real world post-market evaluation Study (ASVS) for varicose vein ablation
Authors: Tang Tjun Yip , Yap Charyl Jia Qi , Chan Sze Ling , Soon Shereen Xue Yun , Khoo Vanessa Bao Xian , Choke Edward , Chong Tze Tec 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Medium-term clinical outcome data are lacking for cyanoacrylate glue (CAG) ablation for symptomatic varicose veins, especially from the Asian population.

Objectives
Aim was to determine the 3-year symptomatic relief gained from using the VenaSeal™ device to close refluxing truncal veins from the Singaporean ASVS prospective registry.

Methods
The revised Venous Clinical Severity Score (rVCSS) and three quality of life (QoL) questionnaires were completed to assess clinical improvement in venous disease symptoms along with a dedicated patient satisfaction survey. 70 patients (107 limbs; 40 females; mean age of 60.9 ± 13.6 years) were included at 3 years.

Results
At 3 years, rVCSS showed sustained improvement from baseline (5.00 to 0.00; p < 0.001) and 51/70 (72.9%) had improvement by at least 2 or more CEAP categories.
Freedom from reintervention was 90% and 85.7% patients were extremely satisfied with the treatment outcome. No further reports of further hypersensitivity reactions after one year.

Conclusion
The 3-year follow-up results of the ASVS registry demonstrated continued and sustained clinical efficacy with few reinterventions following CAG embolization in Asian patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT03893201.
Lung (extracorporeal CO2 removal) and renal (continuous renal replacement therapy) support: the role of ultraprotective strategy in Covid 19 and non-Covid 19 ARDS. A case-control study
Authors: Pasero Daniela , Pistidda Laura , Piredda Davide , Liperi Corrado , Cossu Andrea , Esposito Raffaella , Muroni Angela , Mereu Cristiano , Rum Carlino , Branca Gian Pietro , Mulas Franco , Puci Mariangela , Sotgiu Giovanni , Terragni Pierpaolo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Preliminary studies suggest that moderate ARDS and acute renal failure might benefit from extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) coupled with CRRT. However, evidence is limited and potential for this coupled treatment may need to be explored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a protective driving pressure was obtained applying low-flow ECCO2-R plus CRRT in patients affected by moderate ARDS with COVID-19 compared to an historical group without COVID-19.

Methods
A case-control study has been conducted comparing a group of consecutive moderate ARDS patients presenting AKI and affected by COVID-19, who needed low-flow ECCO2-R plus CRRT to achieve an ultra-protective ventilatory strategy, with historical group without COVID-19 that matched for clinical presentation and underwent the same ultra-protective treatment. VT was set at 6 mL/kg predicted body weight then ECCO2R was assessed to facilitate ultra-protective low VT ventilation to preserve safe Pplat and low driving pressure.

Results
ECCO2R+CRRT reduced the driving pressure from 17 (14-18) to 11.5 (10-15) cmH2O (p<0.0004) in the fourteen ARDS patients by decreasing VT from 6.7 ml/kg PBW (6.1-6.9) to 5.1 (4.2-5.6) after 1 hour (p <0.0001). In the ARDS patients with COVID-19, the driving pressure reduction was more effective from baseline 18 (14-24) cmH2O to 11 (10-15) cmH2O (p<0.004), compared to the control group from 15 (13-17) to 12(10-16) cmH2O (p< 0.03), after one hour. ECCO2R+CRRT did not affected 28 days mortality in the two groups, while we observed a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (19 {7-29} vs 24 {22-38} days; p=0.24) and ICU length of stay (19 {7-29} vs 24 {22-78} days; p=0.25) in moderate ARDS patients with COVID-19 compared to control group.

Conclusions
In moderate ARDS patients with or without COVID-19 disease, ECCO2R+CRRT may be and effective supportive treatment to reach protective values of driving pressure unless severe oxygenation defects arise requiring ECMO therapy initiation.
Can highly specialised Fontan clinics improve patient-reported knowledge and perceptions? A cross-site study
Authors: McDonnell Ella , Habibi Hajar , Picaut Nathalie , Velasco Pauline , Montanaro Claudia 
Published: April 2024

Background/Aims The number of adult patients with a Fontan circulation is increasing, with high morbidity and mortality continuing to be prevalent. The complications that can arise within this sub population are unique and challenging. People with a Fontan circulation require personalised and detailed care to ensure they are educated about their condition, understand the importance of lifelong follow up and compliance and empower them to take responsibility for their general health to improve long-term outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate whether patients' level of knowledge and understanding of issues related to their condition and how they felt about their care improved after appointments in a specialised Fontan clinic with a dedicated clinical nurse specialist. Methods A total of 61 patients across two specialised Fontan clinics were given a pre-and post-clinic survey, including questions focused on their knowledge and perception of their condition, its long-term management and how it impacts their lifestyle. The survey ran over a period of 3months (January–March) in 2022 and was conducted either on paper or via an online link, depending on which site they were seen at. Results Most patients reported improved understanding of key areas related to their condition after being seen at the specialised Fontan clinics, including the need for medications, exercise, family planning and endocarditis. Following clinic appointments, more patients felt they were well cared for by the clinical team and treated as an individual. Conclusions Specialised clinics with the support of clinical nurse specialists can empower patients to make informed healthcare choices and improve their reported knowledge and understanding of their condition.
Policy utilisation of occupational safety and health research: results from a tripartite unicameral parliamentary system in Denmark
Authors: Rasmussen Charlotte Diana Nørregaard , Nielsen Steffen Bohni , Sørensen Ole Henning 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Use of research evidence in policy decisions is under-researched. Especially, there is a need for more research in countries with different forms of government than bicameral legislatures.

Aims and objectives:
This article examines the impact of occupational safety and health (OSH) research on decision-makers in a tripartite unicameral parliamentary system (legislature and agreements). More specifically, we identify and discuss information acquisition and types of research use in policy decisions.

Methods:
Using both semi-structured and structured questions, we conducted 30 interviews distributed evenly within three groups of elite political actors: elected members of parliament; top-level public administrators; and social partner politicians. Analysis and reporting were subject to investigator triangulation.

Findings:
The three groups of elite political actors acquire information about OSH issues from different sources. The most important are: interest groups, networks and internal specialists. Findings show that elite actors generally use research knowledge conceptually and instrumentally, and to a lesser degree strategically and tactically. Many types of information influence politicians. They mostly perceive themselves as initiators of new research. The social partners primarily perceive themselves as users of new research results to initiate change and influence political decisions.

Discussion and conclusion:
How and when research knowledge is used differs between the three groups. It is important for researchers to tailor research communication to the particular needs of different stakeholders and interact directly with the elite actors and indirectly through lower level specialists from stakeholder organisations, and gain exposure through external sources such as the press and social media.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers Returning from Vietnam: A Survey on the Psychological Disorder of Veterans
Authors: Marios Daskalopoulos , Ioannis Tagarakis A. , Fani Tsolaki , Dikeos C , Oikonomopoulou C. , Georgios Tagarakis I. 
Published: April 2024

The present research aims to analyze and provide information about a very important disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD. Then, what specifically refers to the existence of PTSD and soldiers returning from the Vietnam War who are exposed to the severely traumatic event that is combat and all that it brings with it. This empathy has led them to anxiety, overstimulation, depression and other such traumatic intense emotions. First, the evidence-based scientific term PTSD is analyzed in terms of etiology, complexes, factors and treatment. It then refers to and gives an in-depth look at the Vietnam War and how it developed the phenomena of post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition, more information about PTSD is given. Aim: The aim of this dissertation is to analyze and present the topic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder of the Vietnam Veterans and the way they were treated with their homecoming in the United States of America through a literature review. More specifically, the post-traumatic stress disorder due to psycho-trauma and the psychosocial effects are analyzed. Purpose: The main goal of this dissertation is the comprehensive analysis of this particular disorder and the investigation of this specific war era. Method and materials: The methodology included a collection of information on the subject from articles and books of the last decade in the Pubmed database and the Hellenic Academic Libraries Association (HEAL-Link). In conclusion, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a more common phenomenon than the public believes and is one of the most difficult types of disorder. People who carry it and suffer daily, need help both from the familiar family environment and from the social environment. Therefore, it is extremely important to know the disorder and to be fully understood by experts in dealing with it, but also by people in the social environment around us, as their attitude towards the phenomenon is almost catalytic.
Assessing nutrition literacy and nutrition counseling proficiency following an interdisciplinary culinary medicine elective
Authors: Kirby Anna N. , DeBellis Joy , Wolter Katie , Mount Gary , Wang Chih-hsuan , Bishop Jonathan , Barkhouse Jessica , Wirth Kathryn , Nguyen Nancy , Cacciatore Christopher , Kraus Kristyn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Culinary medicine (CM) is a growing field of education that aims to bridge the gap between the clinical need for nutritional counseling and the lack of education on the topic. Healthcare professionals can aid in nutrition-related noncommunicable disease (NCD) prevention by improving a patient’s dietary behavior. However, the presence of nutrition education in healthcare curricula is lacking. Early evidence indicates that CM could address this gap.

Objectives
The objectives of this study are to determine if the provision of an interdisciplinary CM elective will improve student knowledge and confidence with counseling on nutrition and culinary principles, and to improve personal dietary habits of students.

Methods
This was a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. First- and second-year osteopathic medical students (OMS) and nurse practitioner students were recruited to participate in a CM elective via email. Participants were excluded if they were not in good academic standing at their respective institutions. Twelve individuals (n=8 medical; n=4 nursing) were enrolled in the course. Participants completed pre- and postcourse surveys to determine changes in nutrition literacy (Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument [NLit42]), nutrition counseling proficiency (Nutrition Survey for Family Practitioners), and dietary quality (Automated Self-Administered 24-h dietary assessment tool; ASA24®). A two-sided, paired t test was conducted to determine changes in outcome variables.

Results
All 12 participants completed the precourse assessments, and 8 participants completed the postcourse assessments. Culinary activity attendance was 94.5 %. Participants exhibited a statistically significant increase in their overall nutrition literacy scores after completing the CM elective (p=0.006). Literacy subcategories indicated that the improvement came from the participant’s ability to understand household measurements (p=0.005) better. Increases in self-reported proficiency were observed for participants’ confidence to counsel on nutrition and prevention/wellness (p=0.02) and macronutrients in health and food safety (p=0.01). No statistically significant changes in the personal dietary pattern or quality were observed.

Conclusions
The interdisciplinary CM elective improved nutrition literacy and some aspects of counseling proficiency. Although small shifts in dietary variables were observed, the elective did not statistically improve participants’ dietary pattern. However, some changes that were observed may lead to clinically relevant outcomes if maintained long-term. These findings are encouraging. Implementing CM as an educational tool could improve healthcare practitioners’ ability to understand and counsel patients on nutrition to prevent the nutrition-related NCDs.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the preclinical and clinical results of low-field magnetic stimulation in cognitive disorders
Authors: Mellon Nicholas , Robbins Brett , van Bruggen Rebekah , Zhang Yanbo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cognitive disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder severely compromise brain function and neuronal activity. Treatments to restore cognitive abilities can have severe side effects due to their intense and excitatory nature, in addition to the fact that they are expensive and invasive. Low-field magnetic stimulation (LFMS) is a novel non-invasive proposed treatment for cognitive disorders. It repairs issues in the brain by altering deep cortical areas with treatments of low-intensity magnetic stimulation. This paper aims to summarize the current literature on the effects and results of LFMS in cognitive disorders. We developed a search strategy to identify relevant studies utilizing LFMS and systematically searched eight scientific databases. Our review suggests that LFMS could be a viable and effective treatment for multiple cognitive disorders, especially major depressive disorder. Additionally, longer, more frequent, and more personalized LFMS treatments tend to be more efficacious.