bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convexification of Bilinear Terms over Network Polytopes
Authors: Khademnia Erfan , Davarnia Danial 
Published: April 2024

It is well-known that the McCormick relaxation for the bilinear constraint z = xy gives the convex hull over the box domains for x and y. In network applications where the domain of bilinear variables is described by a network polytope, the McCormick relaxation, also referred to as linearization, fails to provide the convex hull and often leads to poor dual bounds. We study the convex hull of the set containing bilinear constraints [Formula: see text] where xi represents the arc-flow variable in a network polytope, and yj is in a simplex. For the case where the simplex contains a single y variable, we introduce a systematic procedure to obtain the convex hull of the above set in the original space of variables, and show that all facet-defining inequalities of the convex hull can be obtained explicitly through identifying a special tree structure in the underlying network. For the generalization where the simplex contains multiple y variables, we design a constructive procedure to obtain an important class of facet-defining inequalities for the convex hull of the underlying bilinear set that is characterized by a special forest structure in the underlying network. Computational experiments conducted on different applications show the effectiveness of the proposed methods in improving the dual bounds obtained from alternative techniques. Funding: This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-23-1-0183]; National Science Foundation, Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant 2338641]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2023.0001 .
Syphilitic stomatitis: raising awareness on an often-overlooked presentation of secondary syphilis
Authors: Atalaia-Barbacena Henrique , Lopes Catarina Isabel , Lopes Inês Matias , Howell Monteiro Patrícia 
Published: April 2024

Syphilis, a disease caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum, has a multitude of clinical manifestations and is classified into primary syphilis, secondary syphilis and tertiary syphilis, based on clinical presentations and the time elapsed since the primary infection. The secondary stage of the disease can affect multiple organs and systems, and some of these involvements may be general and non-specific, justifying its name as ‘the great imitator’. We present a case of a 30-year-old woman with a history of painful neck lymph nodes with progressive enlargement, persistent headache, weight loss, myalgia and alopecia. During investigations, stomatitis on the dorsal face of the tongue developed. A secondary study showed serum positive for rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and T. pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA), negative RPR in cerebrospinal fluid and normal MRI, thus the diagnosis of secondary syphilis was made. The patient was treated with a single dose of penicillin with complete resolution of symptoms. The case highlights the need for an exhaustive clinical examination, especially in cases presenting with non-specific and general symptoms, and raises awareness for this disease which has increased its prevalence in the last decades.
Intergenerational Learning Among Teachers’ Professional Development and Lifelong Learning: An Integrative Review of Primary Research
Authors: Batista Paula , Mouraz Ana , Viana Isabel , Graça Amândio 
Published: April 2024

<p style="text-align:justify">This integrative literature review aims to provide a broader and updated perspective of teachers’ intergenerational learning (IL). The search was done in Web of Science and EBSCO ultimate databases between 2011 and 2022. Thirty-two empirical studies were selected and submitted to a thematic analysis and five themes were identified: (a) defining and conceptualising generation, (b) IL from understandings to practices, (c) contexts, factors and roles from different generations and institutions to promote IL, (d) factors that facilitate the success of IL, and (e) factors that make IL difficult. Data shows an increase in the last decades of research in IL within the educational context, but an absence of the prospective dimension still prevails. Intergenerational knowledge has been researched mainly from an individual professional perspective at the micro and meso levels of scholarship. Effectiveness requires intentional cultivation and a genuine desire for intergenerational knowledge exchange, involving active engagement and awareness among diverse generations and alignment with organizational aims. The promotion of IL takes place in very different ways and forms, and reflection on what is different seems to be a dominant trait. Furthermore, the review could conclude that intergenerational opportunities to work together will improve teacher education and continuous professional development. </p>
A protocol for the conduct of a multicentre, prospective, randomized superiority trial of surgical versus non-surgical interventions for humeral shaft fractures
Authors: Franssen Marloes , Achten Juul , Appelbe Duncan , Costa Matthew L. , Dutton Susan , Mason James , Gould Jenny , Gray Andrew , Rangan Amar , Sheehan Warren , Singh Harvinder , Gwilym Stephen E. 
Published: April 2024

AimsFractures of the humeral shaft represent 3% to 5% of all fractures. The most common treatment for isolated humeral diaphysis fractures in the UK is non-operative using functional bracing, which carries a low risk of complications, but is associated with a longer healing time and a greater risk of nonunion than surgery. There is an increasing trend to surgical treatment, which may lead to quicker functional recovery and lower rates of fracture nonunion than functional bracing. However, surgery carries inherent risk, including infection, bleeding, and nerve damage. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of functional bracing compared to surgical fixation for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures.MethodsThe HUmeral SHaft (HUSH) fracture study is a multicentre, prospective randomized superiority trial of surgical versus non-surgical interventions for humeral shaft fractures in adult patients. Participants will be randomized to receive either functional bracing or surgery. With 334 participants, the trial will have 90% power to detect a clinically important difference for the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire score, assuming 20% loss to follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include function, pain, quality of life, complications, cost-effectiveness, time off work, and ability to drive.DiscussionThe results of this trial will provide evidence regarding clinical and cost-effectiveness between surgical and non-surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures. Ethical approval has been obtained from East of England – Cambridge Central Research Ethics Committee. Publication is anticipated to occur in 2024.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(4):343–349.
Assessing the causal associations of different types of statins use and knee/hip osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Xin , Huang Xin , Liu Youqun , Zhang Zhiwei , Chen Jiliang 
Published: April 2024

Objective
This study comprehensively evaluated the causal relationship between different types of statins use and knee/hip osteoarthritis (OA) using a two-sample and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods
MR analysis was conducted using publicly available summary statistics data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to assess the causal associations between total statins use (including specific types) and knee/hip OA. The primary analysis utilized the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method, with sensitivity analysis conducted to assess robustness. Multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis adjusted for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and body mass index (BMI).

Results
The MR analysis revealed a significant inverse association between genetically predicted total statins use and the risk of knee OA (OR = 0.950, 95%CI: 0.920–0.982, p = 0.002) as well as hip OA (OR = 0.932, 95%CI: 0.899–0.966, p <0.001). Furthermore, this study highlighted a reduced risk of knee/hip OA with the use of atorvastatin and simvastatin. Rosuvastatin use was associated with a decreased risk of hip OA but showed no association with knee OA. MVMR results indicated no correlation between exposure factors and outcomes after adjusting for LDL-C or IDL-C. HDL-C may not significantly contribute to statin-induced osteoarthritis, while BMI may play an important role.

Conclusion
This study provides compelling evidence of the close relationship between statin use and a reduced risk of knee/hip OA, particularly with atorvastatin and simvastatin. LDL-C and IDL-C may mediate these effects. These findings have important implications for the clinical prevention and treatment of knee/hip OA.
Computational pathology: an evolving concept
Authors: Prassas Ioannis , Clarke Blaise , Youssef Timothy , Phlamon Juliana , Dimitrakopoulos Lampros , Rofaeil Andrew , Yousef George M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The initial enthusiasm about computational pathology (CP) and artificial intelligence (AI) was that they will replace pathologists entirely on the way to fully automated diagnostics. It is becoming clear that currently this is not the immediate model to pursue. On top of the legal and regulatory complexities surrounding its implementation, the majority of tested machine learning (ML)-based predictive algorithms do not display the exquisite performance needed to render them unequivocal, standalone decision makers for matters with direct implications to human health. We are thus moving into a different model of “computer-assisted diagnostics”, where AI is there to provide support, rather than replacing, the pathologist. Herein we focus on the practical aspects of CP, from a pathologist perspective. There is a wide range of potential applications where CP can enhance precision of pathology diagnosis, tailor prognostic and predictive information, as well as save time. There are, however, a number of potential limitations for CP that currently hinder their wider adoption in the clinical setting. We address the key necessary steps towards clinical implementation of computational pathology, discuss the significant obstacles that hinders its adoption in the clinical context and summarize some proposed solutions. We conclude that the advancement of CP in the clinic is a promising resource-intensive endeavour that requires broad and inclusive collaborations between academia, industry, and regulatory bodies.
How Internal Customer Relationship Management and Word of Mouth, Affect Customer Loyalty
Authors: Vem Linus Jonathan , Mshelmbula Joy Philip , Ochigbo Abel Daniel , Agwom-Panle Ruth 
Published: April 2024

Originality: The competition in the banking industry has necessitated a concerted effort to ensure a sustainable internal and external customer relationship. Studies that focus on the internal customer relationship and internal customers’ word of mouth on external customer loyalty is rareObjective: This study investigates how Employees' Positive Word of mouth (PWoM) mediates the relationship between internal customer relationship management (IntCRM) and external Customer Loyalty (CL) using social exchange and image theoryMethodology: A cross-sectional research design was used, and a sample of 384 customers was drawn from an unknown pool of customers to respond to the CL questionnaire, while 315 bank employees responded to the IntCRM and PWoM Questionnaires. A partial least approach to structural equation modelling technique, via SMART-PLS version 4. was deployed to analyze the hypothesized relationships.Results: Findings on the direct relationship between IntCRM and CL were not supported due to insufficient evidence. While indirect relationships were established through the mechanism role of PWoM, supporting our argument that social exchange between employer and employee stimulates a positive attitude that attracts external customersImplications: The findings suggest the importance of relating discretely with the internal customer, since their perceptions and behaviours can influence the external customers’ attitudes towards the organization. The study also integrates the boundary of Human Resource Management (HRM) practice with Marketing strategy in ensuring customer loyalty in the banking industry. JEL Classification: M5, M31How to Cite:Vem, L. J., Mshembula, J. P., Ochigbo, A. D., Agwom-Panle, R., (2024). How Internal Customer Relationship Management and Word of Mouth Affect Customer Loyalty. Etikonomi, 23(1), 81 – 92. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.26921.
Risk Transmission of Foreign Subsidiary in ASEAN Emerging Countries
Authors: Karyani Etikah , Agusman Agusman 
Published: April 2024

Research Originality: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the impact of home country parent bank risks on destination country subsidiaries in an ASEAN setting. Moreover, this study adds to the previous literature by using the post-global financial crisis period in ASEAN countries, various types of risks, and dynamic panel data.Research Objectives: This study aims to examine the association between parent and foreign subsidiary banks. The study also examines how bank regulation, national governance, and financial deepening in host countries affect the association.Research Methods: This study uses dynamic panel data of 43 foreign banks operating in ASEAN emerging countries during the period 2010-2018.Empirical Results: The findings indicate a significantly positive association between parent and subsidiary bank risk, particularly for credit and liquidity risks. National governance and bank regulation mitigate the risk transmission. In contrast, financial deepening amplifies the transmission of risks between parent and subsidiary banks.Implications: This finding has important implications, in terms of policy interventions and regulatory mechanisms that national governments can deploy to lower risk exposure of subsidiary banks, while at the same time encouraging foreign investments into the financial services sectors in ASEAN countries.JEL Classification: F30, G21, G32How to Cite:Karyani, E., & Agusman. (2024). Risk Transmission of Foreign Subsidiary: Evidence from ASEAN Emerging Countries. Etikonomi, 23(1), 129 – 146. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.32703.
The Co-Movement Between Commodity Prices and the Economic Growth of Malaysia
Authors: Pinjaman Saizal , Taasim Shairil Izwan , Yun Wong Sing , Yassin Jain 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch Originality: This research is an initial attempt to unveil the structure of the dynamic relationship between commodity prices and the economic growth of Malaysia at various frequencies and moments in time.Research Objectives: This paper investigates the co-movement and lead-lag relationship between commodity prices and the economic growth of Malaysia at different frequencies and moments in time. Research Methods: The relationship between the variables is studied based on monthly data from 2015 to 2022 using the time-frequency analysis of Continuous Wavelet Transformation model. This method analyses the direction and lead-lag relationship between two time series to determine which variables are leading and the direction of their co-movement. Empirical Result: The relationships between commodity prices and economic growth are varied depending on frequency and moments in time. In the short run, most commodity prices exhibit an inverse relationship led by economic growth. Meanwhile, a positive co-movement with economic growth is indicated for most commodity prices in the medium run. These variables mostly move in unison, except for rubber and palm oil, which led the relationship. Nevertheless, the co-movement of commodity prices and economic growth showed a diminishing magnitude in the long run.Implications: Malaysia's policy frameworks should consider the economic dynamic responses towards commodity prices in facilitating its economic growth. In addition, efforts should be made to diversify economic activities, reducing the level of dependence on commodities in the country’s trade basket.JEL Classification: Q32, O44, O11How to Cite:Pinjaman, S., Taasim, S.I., Yun, W.S., & Yassin, J. (202x). The Co-Movement Between Commodity Prices and the Economic Growth of Malaysia. Etikonomi, 23(1), 11 – 26. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.34368.
Role of Financial Literacy and Saving Habits on Fintech Adoption post Covid-19
Authors: Nugraha Deni Pandu , Setiawan Budi , Emilda Emilda , Masyhuri Muhammad , Quynh Mac Nhu , Nathan Robert Jeyakumar , Fekete‐Farkas Maria , Hágen István 
Published: April 2024

Research Originality: This research paper enriches existing literature on drivers of fintech adoption, including the impact of perceived trust, individual innovativeness, savings habits, and government support on Indonesian users' post-COVID-19 pandemic fintech adoption intentions.Research Objectives: This study examines the impact of post-covid changes in people's behaviour, savings habits and accelerated financial literacy on strengthening Technology Adoption Model (TAM) among Indonesian fintech users. Research Methods: The researchers surveyed 536 people living in Indonesia. The data was analysed using structural equation modelling with moderator variables. Empirical Results: It found that ease of use, usefulness, trust and personal innovativeness are key drivers of adoption intentions. The research also found that savings habits significantly increase the influence of government support on fintech adoption. Implications: This research has two important implications. First, digital finance companies should further improve fintech app service quality and security. Second, the government should also encourage the expansion of a fintech-based startup ecosystem by providing regulatory support to accelerate the progress of Indonesia's digital finance industry.JEL Classification: M21, G23, O36How to Cite:Nugraha, D. P., Setiawan, B., Emilda, E., Masyhuri, M., Quynh, M. N., Nathan, R. J., Fekete-Farkas, M., & Hagen, I. (2024). Role of Financial Literacy and Saving Habits on Fintech Adoption post Covid-19. Etikonomi, 23(1), 63 – 80. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.37856.
Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Children: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Conway Shannon J. , Mueller Grace D. , Shaikh Nader 
Published: April 2024

CONTEXT
Acute sinusitis is one of the leading causes of antibiotic prescriptions in children. No recent systematic reviews have examined the efficacy of antibiotics compared with placebo.

OBJECTIVE
We sought to determine if antibiotics are superior to placebo in the treatment of acute sinusitis in children.

DATA SOURCES
Medline and Embase were searched from their origin to July 2023.

STUDY SELECTION
We considered randomized placebo-controlled studies focusing on the treatment of acute sinusitis. In all studies, symptoms were present for &lt;4 weeks and subjects were &lt;18 years of age.

DATA EXTRACTION
Two authors independently extracted the data. We pooled data primarily using fixed-effects models.

RESULTS
Analysis of 6 included studies showed that antibiotic treatment reduced the rate of treatment failure by 41% (with a risk ratio of 0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.72) compared with placebo. There was substantial heterogeneity between the studies (I2 = 69.7%), which decreased substantially when the 1 study with a high risk of bias was removed (I2 = 26.9%). Children treated with antibiotics were 1.6 times more likely to have diarrhea than those who were not treated with antibiotics (risk ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.51).

LIMITATIONS
A small number of studies were eligible for inclusion. Included studies differed in their methodology.

CONCLUSIONS
In children with clinically diagnosed acute sinusitis, antibiotics significantly reduced the rate of treatment failure compared with placebo. However, given the favorable natural history of sinusitis, our results could also support close observation without immediate antibiotic treatment.
Heureux qui, comme Ulysse, a fait un bon voyage: Invoking the deities of the roads in the Latin west
Authors: Marco Simón Francisco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe control of the Mediterranean and its surroundings by the conquering Roman Republic after the victory over Carthage, and later over the Hellenistic kingdoms throughout the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, notably increased connectivity and the movement of people. This paper focuses on the wide range of ritual instruments, above all the propitiation of the gods through sacrifices, in the face of journeys in general, and on the diverse religious resources documented in the epigraphy of the Latin West.
Профессионализм социальных работников в городской и сельской местности (на материалах исследований в Республике Карелия)
Authors: Петровская Юлия , Славашевич Юлия 
Published: April 2024

Социальная работа как профессиональная деятельность играет ключевую роль в обеспечении благополучия наиболее уязвимых слоев населения. Социальные работники принимают на себя различные роли и выполняют множество задач в зависимости от потребностей клиентов. Особенности и разнообразие клиентских групп требуют от социальных работников соответствия ряду профессиональных и этических стандартов, что необходимо для предоставления качественных социальных услуг и обеспечения достойного качества жизни населения ‒ одной из главных целей социальной политики государства. Эти требования формально закреплены в должностных инструкциях, профессиональных стандартах и кодексах, однако также определяются особенностями местности, где осуществляется социальная работа. Наше исследование направлено на анализ профессионализма социальных работников в Республике Карелия и фокусируется на различиях городских и сельских районов. Основой исследования стали данные, собранные с помощью опросов, интервью и наблюдений в Петрозаводске и Прионежском районе. В ходе исследования выявлены значительные различия в условиях труда между городскими и сельскими социальными работниками, в том числе в плане образовательной подготовки, стажа работы, спектра оказываемых услуг и уровня физической нагрузки. На основании полученных данных мы делаем выводы о необходимости разработки целевых программ профессионального развития для социальных работников, учитывающих специфику городской и сельской среды, и рекомендуем расширять образовательные возможности социальных работников, создавать условия для их саморазвития и исследовательской деятельности, уделять особое внимание профилактике выгорания и развитию сотрудничества государственных учреждений и администраций сельских поселений для повышения информированности населения о социальных услугах. Пересмотр взглядов на профессионализм, создание новых обучающих программ и курсов и условий для профессионального роста с учетом специфики местности будут способствовать повышению качества социального обслуживания и лучшему удовлетворению потребностей населения в Республике Карелия.