bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a modification of the McKinnon technique to correct urine pooling in mares
Authors: Prado T. M. , Schumacher J. , Kelly G. M. , Henry R. W. 
Published: May 2012

The urethral fold of 30 mares was split transversely into dorsal and ventral shelves, and the ventral shelf was used to help create a urethral extension. The dorsal shelf was stretched caudally and sutured to the roof of the extension so that it covered at least the cranial half of the extension. For 20 mares, a relaxing, vaginal incision was created cranial to the external urethral orifice to enable the dorsal shelf to be retracted further caudally. Ten of the 30 mares (33.3 per cent) developed a defect, but none developed a defect in that portion covered by the dorsal shelf of the urethral fold. Two of the 30 mares (6.7 per cent) developed a defect so small that the defect could be detected only by inserting a dye, under pressure, into the tunnel. The total number of mares that developed only a grossly visible and palpable defect was eight of 30 (26.6 per cent). Four of the 10 mares that did not receive the relief incision and six of 20 mares that did receive the relief incision developed a defect in the extension. Modifying the McKinnon technique by transversely splitting the urethral fold and retracting the dorsal half helps prevent a defect from forming in the cranial portion of the extension. The dorsal shelf can be retracted further caudally by creating a relief incision on the floor of the vagina.
Transmission of MRSA CC398 strains between pig farms related by trade of animals
Authors: Espinosa‐Gongora C. , Broens E. M. , Moodley A. , Nielsen J. P. , Guardabassi L. 
Published: May 2012

Meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex (CC) 398 is a genetic lineage associated with livestock, especially pigs. The authors investigated the role of pig trade in the transmission of MRSA CC398 between farms using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), a highly discriminatory method for strain typing. PFGE analysis of 58 MRSA isolates from a retrospective study in the Netherlands and a prospective study in Denmark provided molecular evidence that the strains present in five of the eight recipient farms were indistinguishable from those occurring in the corresponding supplying farm. The molecular typing data confirm the findings of a previous risk‐analysis study indicating that trading of colonised pigs is a vehicle for transmission of MRSA CC398.
Can increases in capillarization explain the early adaptations in metabolic regulation in human muscle to short-term training?
Authors: Green Howard J. , Burnett Margaret , Kollias Helen , Ouyang Jing , Smith Ian , Tupling Susan 
Published: May 2012

To investigate the hypothesis that increases in fibre capillary density would precede increases in oxidative potential following training onset, tissue was extracted from the vastus lateralis prior to (0 days) and following 3 and 6 consecutive days of submaximal cycle exercise (2 h·day–1). Participants were untrained males (age = 21.4 ± 0.58 years; peak oxygen consumption = 46.2 ± 1.6 mL·kg–1·min–1; mean ± standard error (SE)). Tissue was assessed for succinic dehydrogenase activity (SDH) by microphotometry and indices of capillarization based on histochemically assessed area and capillary counts (CC) in specific fibre types. Three days of training (n = 13) resulted in a generalized decrease (p < 0.05) in fibre area (–14.2% ± 3.0%; mean ± SE) and increase (p < 0.05) in CC/Area (20.4% ± 2.7%) and no change in either CC or SDH activity. Following 6 days of treatment (n = 6), increases (p < 0.05) in CC (18.2% ± 4.2%), CC/Area (28.9% ± 3.2%), and SDH activity (22.9% ± 6.0%) occurred that was not specific to major fibre type. No changes in either fibre area or fibre-type distribution were observed with additional training. We conclude that increases in angiogenic-based capillary density and oxidative potential occur coincidentally following training onset, while increases in capillary density, mediated by reductions in fibre area, represent an initial isolated response, the significance of which may be linked to the metabolic alterations that also result.
Andrographolide exerted its antimicrobial effects by upregulation of human β-defensin-2 induced through p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathway in human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Shao Zhen-Jun , Zheng Xiao-Wei , Feng Ting , Huang Juan , Chen Jian , Wu Yi-Ying , Zhou Li-Ming , Tu Wen-Wei , Li Hong 
Published: May 2012

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f) Nees is a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of infection and inflammation in China. Andrographolide (andro) is one of the major components. Human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is an inducible antimicrobial peptide that plays an important role in innate immunity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of andro on upregulation of hBD-2 and the key signaling pathways involved in andro-induced hBD-2 expression. Real-time reverse transcription – PCR and Western blot assays showed that andro (1.0–10 µmol/L) can upregulate the expression of hBD-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies suggested that hBD-2 mRNA and protein expression in responsive to andro were attenuated by pretreatment with SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)), MG-132 (an inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)), and an NF-κB activator inhibitor, but not by an inhibitor of ERK (PD98059) or by an inhibitor of JNK(SP600125). Moreover, we found that a second p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) significantly blocked andro-mediated hBD-2 induction in SPC-A-1 lung epithelial cells. Finally, the p-c-Jun transcription factor activity assay also showed that AP-1 activity was induced by andro compared with the untreated group. We conclude that andro may exert its antimicrobial effects by upregulating the expression of hBD-2 through the p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathway.
Resveratrol protects H9c2 embryonic rat heart derived cells from oxidative stress by inducing autophagy: role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
Authors: Lv Xiao Cui , Zhou Hai Yan 
Published: May 2012

Recently, many studies have attempted to illustrate the mechanism of autophagy in protection against oxidative stress to the heart induced by H2O2. However, whether resveratrol-induced autophagy involves the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether treating H9c2 cells with resveratrol increases autophagy and attenuates the cell death and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress via the p38 MAPK pathway. Resveratrol with or without SB202190, an inhibitor of the p38 MAPK pathway, was added 30 min before H2O2. After H2O2 treatment, the cells were incubated under 5% CO2 at 37 °C for 24 h to assess cell survival and death or incubated for 20 min for Western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis after 6 h of H2O2 treatment. Resveratrol at 20 µmol/L protected H9c2 cells treated with 100 µmol/L H2O2 from oxidative damage. It increased cell survival and markedly decrease lactate dehydrogenase release. In addition, resveratrol increased autophagy and decreased H2O2-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the protective effects of resveratrol were inhibited by 10 µmol/L SB202190. Thus, resveratrol protected H2O2-treated H9c2 cells by upregulating autophagy via the p38 MAPK pathway.
EFFICIENT MINING OF CLOSED TREE PATTERNS FROM LARGE TREE DATABASES WITH SUBTREE CONSTRAINT
Authors: NGUYEN VIET ANH , DOI KOICHIRO , YAMAMOTO AKIHIRO 
Published: May 2012

Mining frequent tree patterns from tree databases has practical importance in domains like Web mining, Bioinformatics, and so on. Although there have been algorithms on efficient tree mining, these algorithms are often lack of the interpretability in that they often produce a huge number of patterns, most of which are meaningless to users. This paper aims at both demands, one with respect to computational cost, which is efficient generation of tree patterns, and another one with respect to the interpretability. This task requires an efficient method to incorporate the users' needs into mining process. We propose a new top-down method for mining unordered closed tree patterns from a database of trees such that every mined pattern must contain a common piece of information in the form of a tree specified by the user. This type of mining is called mining with subtree constraint which would be useful, for example, inWeb mining and Bioinformatics, where users want to extract common patterns around some given information from original data. The proposed algorithm is tested and compared with a state-of-the-art tree mining algorithm on real and artificial datasets with very good results.
ON d-DIGIT PALINDROMES IN DIFFERENT BASES: THE NUMBER OF BASES IS UNBOUNDED
Authors: BAŠIĆ BOJAN 
Published: May 2012

The following problem was posed in [E. H. Goins, Palindromes in different bases: A conjecture of J. Ernest Wilkins, Integers 9 (2009) 725–734]: "What is the largest list of bases b for which an integer N ≥ 10 is a d-digit palindrome base b for every base in the list?" We show that it is possible to construct such a list as large as we please. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to construct such arbitrarily large list for any given d.
ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CYCLIC NUMBER FIELDS OF PRIME DEGREE
Authors: LEE SEOK HYEONG , OH GYUJIN 
Published: May 2012

Let NCp(X) denote the number of Cp Galois extensions of ℚ with absolute discriminant ≤ X. A well-known theorem of Wright [Density of discriminants of abelian extensions, Proc. London Math. Soc. 58 (1989) 17–50] implies that when p is prime, we have [Formula: see text] for some positive real c(p). In this paper, we improve this result by reducing the secondary error term to [Formula: see text]. Moreover, under Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we obtain the following stronger result [Formula: see text] Here Rp(x) ∈ ℝ[x] is a polynomial of degree ⌊p(p-2)/3⌋-1. This confirms a speculation of Cohen, Diaz y Diaz and Olivier [Counting discriminants of number fields, J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 18 (2006) 573–593] in the case of C3 extensions.
Histone Lysine Methyltransferase SETD8 Promotes Carcinogenesis by Deregulating PCNA Expression
Authors: Takawa Masashi , Cho Hyun-Soo , Hayami Shinya , Toyokawa Gouji , Kogure Masaharu , Yamane Yuka , Iwai Yukiko , Maejima Kazuhiro , Ueda Koji , Masuda Akiko , Dohmae Naoshi , Field Helen I. , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Kobayashi Takaaki , Akasu Takayuki , Sugiyama Masanori , Ohnuma Shin-ichi , Atomi Yutaka , Ponder Bruce A.J. , Nakamura Yusuke , Hamamoto Ryuji 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough the physiologic significance of lysine methylation of histones is well known, whether lysine methylation plays a role in the regulation of nonhistone proteins has not yet been examined. The histone lysine methyltransferase SETD8 is overexpressed in various types of cancer and seems to play a crucial role in S-phase progression. Here, we show that SETD8 regulates the function of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein through lysine methylation. We found that SETD8 methylated PCNA on lysine 248, and either depletion of SETD8 or substitution of lysine 248 destabilized PCNA expression. Mechanistically, lysine methylation significantly enhanced the interaction between PCNA and the flap endonuclease FEN1. Loss of PCNA methylation retarded the maturation of Okazaki fragments, slowed DNA replication, and induced DNA damage, and cells expressing a methylation-inactive PCNA mutant were more susceptible to DNA damage. An increase of methylated PCNA was found in cancer cells, and the expression levels of SETD8 and PCNA were correlated in cancer tissue samples. Together, our findings reveal a function for lysine methylation on a nonhistone protein and suggest that aberrant lysine methylation of PCNA may play a role in human carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3217–27. ©2012 AACR.
The Association of PI3 Kinase Signaling and Chemoresistance in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Carden Craig P. , Stewart Adam , Thavasu Parames , Kipps Emma , Pope Lorna , Crespo Mateus , Miranda Susana , Attard Gerhardt , Garrett Michelle D. , Clarke Paul A. , Workman Paul , de Bono Johann S. , Gore Martin , Kaye Stan B , Banerji Udai 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Evidence that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is deregulated in ovarian cancer is largely based on the analysis of surgical specimens sampled at diagnosis and may not reflect the biology of advanced ovarian cancer. We aimed to investigate PI3K signaling in cancer cells isolated from patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Ascites samples were analyzed from 88 patients, of whom 61 received further treatment. Cancer cells were immunomagnetically separated from ascites, and the signaling output of the PI3K pathway was studied by quantifying p-AKT, p-p70S6K, and p-GSK3β by ELISA. Relevant oncogenes, such as PIK3CA and AKT, were sequenced by PCR-amplified mass spectroscopy detection methods. In addition, PIK3CA and AKT2 amplifications and PTEN deletions were analyzed by FISH. p-p70S6K levels were significantly higher in cells from 37 of 61 patients who did not respond to subsequent chemotherapy (0.7184 vs. 0.3496; P = 0.0100), and this difference was greater in patients who had not received previous chemotherapy. PIK3CA and AKT mutations were present in 5% and 0% of samples, respectively. Amplification of PIK3CA and AKT2 and deletion of PTEN was seen in 10%, 10%, and 27% of samples, respectively. Mutations of PIK3CA and amplification of PIK3CA/AKT2 or deletion of PTEN did not correlate with levels of p-AKT, p-p70S6K, and p-GSK3β. In patients with advanced ovarian cancer, there is an association between levels of p-p70S6K and response to subsequent chemotherapy. There is no clear evidence that this is driven specifically by PIK3CA or AKT mutations or by amplifications or deletion of PTEN. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1609–17. ©2012 AACR.
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Suppresses the Proliferation of Human Prostate Cancer Cells through Inhibition of p70S6K and Akt Signaling Networks
Authors: Chuu Chih-Pin , Lin Hui-Ping , Ciaccio Mark F. , Kokontis John M. , Hause Ronald J. , Hiipakka Richard A. , Liao Shutsung , Jones Richard Baker 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a bioactive component derived from honeybee hive propolis. CAPE has been shown to have antimitogenic, anticarcinogenic, and other beneficial medicinal properties. Many of its effects have been shown to be mediated through its inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. We took a systematic approach to uncover the effects of CAPE from hours to days on the signaling networks in human prostate cancer cells. We observed that CAPE dosage dependently suppressed the proliferation of LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Administration of CAPE by gavage significantly inhibited the tumor growth of LNCaP xenografts in nude mice. Using LNCaP cells as a model system, we examined the effect of CAPE on gene expression, protein signaling, and transcriptional regulatory networks using micro-Western arrays and PCR arrays. We built a model of the impact of CAPE on cell signaling which suggested that it acted through inhibition of Akt-related protein signaling networks. Overexpression of Akt1 or c-Myc, a downstream target of Akt signaling, significantly blocked the antiproliferative effects of CAPE. In summary, our results suggest that CAPE administration may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for prostate and potentially other types of cancers that are driven by the p70S6K and Akt signaling networks. Cancer Prev Res; 5(5); 788–97. ©2012 AACR.
Sharing Control With Haptics
Authors: Mulder Mark , Abbink David A. , Boer Erwin R. 
Published: May 2012

Objective: Haptic shared control was investigated as a human–machine interface that can intuitively share control between drivers and an automatic controller for curve negotiation. Background: As long as automation systems are not fully reliable, a role remains for the driver to be vigilant to the system and the environment to catch any automation errors. The conventional binary switches between supervisory and manual control has many known issues, and haptic shared control is a promising alternative. Method: A total of 42 respondents of varying age and driving experience participated in a driving experiment in a fixed-base simulator, in which curve negotiation behavior during shared control was compared to during manual control, as well as to three haptic tunings of an automatic controller without driver intervention. Results: Under the experimental conditions studied, the main beneficial effect of haptic shared control compared to manual control was that less control activity (16% in steering wheel reversal rate, 15% in standard deviation of steering wheel angle) was needed for realizing an improved safety performance (e.g., 11% in peak lateral error). Full automation removed the need for any human control activity and improved safety performance (e.g., 35% in peak lateral error) but put the human in a supervisory position. Conclusion: Haptic shared control kept the driver in the loop, with enhanced performance at reduced control activity, mitigating the known issues that plague full automation. Application: Haptic support for vehicular control ultimately seeks to intuitively combine human intelligence and creativity with the benefits of automation systems.
Is modified constraint-induced movement therapy more effective than bimanual training in improving arm motor function in the subacute phase post stroke? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brunner Iris Charlotte , Skouen Jan Sture , Strand Liv Inger 
Published: May 2012

Objective: To compare the effect of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) to bimanual task-related training for patients in the subacute phase post stroke. Design: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Settings: Inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation clinics and the patient’s home. Subjects: Thirty patients in the subacute phase post stroke (2–16 weeks) were randomized to modified constraint-induced movement therapy with an emphasis on unimanual tasks, or bimanual task-related training, emphasizing bimanual tasks. All trained with a therapist 4 hours a week for four weeks, followed by a 2–3 hours daily self-training program. Patients in the modified constraint-induced movement therapy group were supposed to wear a restraining mitt on the unaffected hand for 4 hours a day for four weeks. Main measures: Blinded assessments at pre and post treatment and after three months with Action Research Arm Test as a primary outcome measure, Nine-Hole Peg Test and Motor Activity Log. Results: Power calculations suggested an inclusion of 60 patients, but due to recruitment difficulties the trial was stopped after an interim analysis at 30 patients. There was no difference in change ( P > 0.05) between the groups on any of the measures, neither at post treatment nor at follow-up assessments. From pre-intervention to follow-up assessment the modified constraint-induced movement therapy group obtained a mean change score of 17.77 (14.66) on Action Research Arm Test, the bimanual group 15.47 (13.59). Conclusion: Bimanual training was as effective as modified constraint-induced movement therapy in improving arm motor function. Wearing a mitt seems unnecessary for most patients in the subacute phase post stroke when focused affected arm training is provided.
Midterm Results of Surgical Hip Dislocation for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Naal Florian D. , Miozzari Hermes H. , Schär Michael , Hesper Tobias , Nötzli Hubert P. 
Published: May 2012

Background: Surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) includes both open and arthroscopic procedures. Encouraging results have been reported for the majority of patients after surgical hip dislocation; however, most of these reports were short term and included only small cohorts. Purpose: To determine the results of surgical hip dislocation in a large cohort of FAI patients at a midterm follow-up. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective study including 185 consecutive patients (mean age, 30 years; 40% female) with 233 hips treated was conducted. We determined clinical outcomes in terms of range of motion and analyzed radiographs for several criteria including the alpha angle preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. At latest follow-up, on average 61 months postoperatively, patient satisfaction, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Hip Outcome Score, SF-12, and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale scores were determined. All revisions and conversions to total hip arthroplasty (THA) were recorded. Results: Both hip flexion and internal rotation improved from preoperatively to postoperatively. Alpha angles decreased from 65.1° ± 14.2° to 42.4° ± 4.9°. At 5 years, 82% of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the results of surgery, and 81% would undergo the same surgery again. There were 83% who rated their overall hip function as normal or nearly normal. Mean scores for the WOMAC pain, stiffness, and function subscales were 10.3 ± 15.8, 15.9 ± 17.4, and 9.6 ± 13.0 points; for Hip Outcome Score activities of daily living and sport subscales were 89.0 ± 13.1 and 75.6 ± 23.0 points; and for the SF-12 Physical Component Scale and Mental Component Scale were 47.4 ± 6.3 and 52.3 ± 7.4 points, respectively. The mean UCLA activity level was 7.7 ± 1.9. Conversion to THA was performed in 7 hips (3%). Seven hips (3%) underwent other major revisions, and 11 (4.7%) underwent minor revisions. Female patients had a significantly increased risk for conversion to THA (odds ratio, 13.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-92.6) and major revision (odds ratio, 19.2; 95% CI, 2.4-152.9). The mean body mass index was significantly lower in those patients who underwent conversion to THA. The need for microfracture because of residual full-thickness cartilage defects after rim trimming was a significant ( P = .04) predictor of subjective dissatisfaction. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that surgical hip dislocation is a successful procedure for the treatment of FAI. A majority of patients were satisfied with the results of surgery at a midterm follow-up. Older and slim female patients were at an increased risk for a less successful outcome in terms of conversion to THA and revision surgery.