bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palm oil as part of a high-fat diet: advances and challenges, or possible risks of pathology?
Authors: Kurhaluk Natalia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nutritional status disorders have the most significant impact on the development of cardiovascular and oncologic diseases; therefore, the interest in the study of palm oil as among the leading components of nutrition has been increasing. The data examined in this review were sourced from the Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed and PubMed Central, MEDLINE, CAPlus/SciFinder, and Embase databases; experts in the field; bibliographies; and abstracts from review analyses from the past 15 years. This review summarizes recent research data focusing on the quantitative and qualitative composition of nutrition of modern humans; concepts of the relationship between high-fat diets and disorders of insulin functioning and transport and metabolism of fatty acids; analyses of data regarding the palmitic acid (16:0) to oleic acid (18:1) ratio; and the effect of diet based on palm oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors and lipid and lipoprotein levels. Several studies suggest a potential vector contributing to the transmission of maternal, high-fat-diet-induced, addictive-like behaviors and obesogenic phenotypes across generations. The relationship between cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes that may lead to lysosome dysfunction and inhibition of the autophagy process is analyzed, as is the progression of inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic liver inflammation, and obesity with associated complications. Data are discussed from analyses of differences between rodent models and human population studies in the investigated different effects of palm oil consumption as a high-fat diet component. A conclusion is reached that the results cannot be generalized in human population studies because no similar effects were observed. Although there are numerous published reports, more studies are necessary to elucidate the complex regulatory mechanisms in digestive and nutrition processes, because there are great differences in lipoprotein profiles between rodents and humans, which makes it difficult to reproduce the pathology of many diseases caused by different types of the high-fat diet.
Ideological polarization in roll call votes in constitutional conventions: The case of Chile in 2021–2
Authors: Campos-Parra Hernán , Navia Patricio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
What factors account for polarization in constitutional conventions comprised of party members and many independents without prior legislative experience? Using the 4,669 roll call votes in the 155-member constitutional convention in Chile (2021–2), comprised of more independents than party members, we explore the determinants of ideological polarization. Relying on absolute values for the WNominate scores, we find that party members are less polarized than independents and that prior legislative experience does not impact polarization. In institutionalized party systems that allow independents to compete with party members on a level playing field, a larger presence of independents in legislatures might help increase ideological polarization while a larger number of party members helps reduce ideological polarization in roll call votes.
Perspectives on improving photosynthesis to increase crop yield
Authors: Croce Roberta , Carmo-Silva Elizabete , Cho Young B , Ermakova Maria , Harbinson Jeremy , Lawson Tracy , McCormick Alistair J , Niyogi Krishna K , Ort Donald R , Patel-Tupper Dhruv , Pesaresi Paolo , Raines Christine , Weber Andreas P M , Zhu Xin-Guang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Improving photosynthesis, the fundamental process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, is a key area of research with great potential for enhancing sustainable agricultural productivity and addressing global food security challenges. This perspective delves into the latest advancements and approaches aimed at optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. Our discussion encompasses the entire process, beginning with light harvesting and its regulation and progressing through the bottleneck of electron transfer. We then delve into the carbon reactions of photosynthesis, focusing on strategies targeting the enzymes of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle. Additionally, we explore methods to increase carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration near the Rubisco, the enzyme responsible for the first step of CBB cycle, drawing inspiration from various photosynthetic organisms, and conclude this section by examining ways to enhance CO2 delivery into leaves. Moving beyond individual processes, we discuss two approaches to identifying key targets for photosynthesis improvement: systems modeling and the study of natural variation. Finally, we revisit some of the strategies mentioned above to provide a holistic view of the improvements, analyzing their impact on nitrogen use efficiency and on canopy photosynthesis.
Variation in WIDTH OF LEAF AND GRAIN contributes to grain and leaf size by controlling LARGE2 stability in rice
Authors: Yue Zhichuang , Wang Zhipeng , Yao Yilong , Liang Yuanlin , Li Jiaying , Yin Kaili , Li Ruiying , Li Yibo , Ouyang Yidan , Xiong Lizhong , Hu Honghong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Grain and flag leaf size are two important agronomic traits that influence grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa). Many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes that regulate these traits individually have been identified, however, few QTLs and genes that simultaneously control these two traits have been identified. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association analysis in rice and detected a major locus, WIDTH OF LEAF AND GRAIN (WLG), that was associated with both grain and flag leaf width. WLG encodes a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase. WLGhap.B, which possesses five single nucleotide polymophysim (SNP) variations compared to WLGhap.A, encodes a protein with enhanced ubiquitination activity that confers increased rice leaf width and grain size, whereas mutation of WLG leads to narrower leaves and smaller grains. Both WLGhap.A and WLGhap.B interact with LARGE2, a HETC-type E3 ligase, however, WLGhap.B exhibits stronger interaction with LARGE2, thus higher ubiquitination activity toward LARGE2 compared with WLGhap.A. Lysine1021 is crucial for the ubiquitination of LARGE2 by WLG. Loss-of-function of LARGE2 in wlg-1 phenocopies large2-c in grain and leaf width, suggesting that WLG acts upstream of LARGE2. These findings reveal the genetic and molecular mechanism by which the WLG–LARGE2 module mediates grain and leaf size in rice and suggest the potential of WLGhap.B in improving rice yield.
On the Coincidence between Campanato Functions and Lipschitz Functions: A New Approach via Elliptic PDES
Authors: Li Bo , Li Jinxia , Lin Qingze , Shen Tianjun , Zhang Chao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Let $({\mathcal{M}},d,\mu)$ be the metric measure space with a Dirichlet form $\mathscr{E}$. In this paper, we obtain that the Campanato function and the Lipschitz function do always coincide. Our approach is based on the harmonic extension technology, which extends a function u on ${\mathcal{M}}$ to its Poisson integral Ptu on ${\mathcal{M}}\times\mathbb{R}_+$. With this tool in hand, we can utilize the same Carleson measure condition of the Poisson integral to characterize its Campanato/Lipschitz trace, and hence, they are equivalent to each other. This equivalence was previously obtained by Macías–Segovia [Adv. Math., 1979]. However, we provide a new proof, via the boundary value problem for the elliptic equation. This result indicates the famous saying of Stein–Weiss at the beginning of Chapter II in their book [Princeton Mathematical Series, No. 32, 1971].
The Impact of Online Competition on Local Newspapers: Evidence from the Introduction of Craigslist
Authors: Djourelova Milena , Durante Ruben , Martin Gregory J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
How does competition from online platforms affect the organization, performance, and editorial choices of newspapers? What are the implications of these changes for the information voters are exposed to and for their political choices? We study these questions using the staggered introduction of Craigslist (CL)—the world’s largest online platform for classified advertising—across U.S. counties between 1995 and 2009. This setting allows us to separate the effect of competition for classified advertising from other changes brought about by the Internet, and to compare newspapers that relied more or less heavily on classified ads ex ante. We find that, following the entry of CL, local newspapers reliant on classified ads experienced a significant decline in the number of management and newsroom staff, including in the number of editors covering politics. These organizational changes led to a reduction in news coverage of politics and resulted in a decline in newspaper readership, particularly among readers with high political interest. Finally, we document that reduced exposure to local political news was associated with an increase in partisan voting and increased entry and success of ideologically extreme candidates in congressional elections. Taken together, our findings shed light on the determinants of the decline of print media and on its broader implications for democratic politics.
Update of the World Health Organization’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme Guideline for Psychoses (Including Schizophrenia)
Authors: Lorenz Carolin , Bighelli Irene , Hanna Fahmy , Akhtar Aemal , Leucht Stefan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The World Health Organization’s (WHOs) Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) aims to improve healthcare for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in nonspecialized settings, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). mhGAP includes guidelines for the treatment of psychoses (including schizophrenia), which were recently updated in 2023. The complexity of the WHO guideline update process and the updated recommendations on psychoses are presented.

Study Design
The WHO guideline development process is outlined as well as the evidence appraisal and the translation of the evidence into recommendations following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The guideline update process includes a review of the literature, a compilation of systematic reviews, and extracting data related to critical and important outcomes. The updated recommendations and the justifying evidence are discussed.

Study Results
The WHO mhGAP guidelines for psychoses are adapted to LMICs, and consist of 13 recommendations in 2023, whereof 5 were updated, and 1 recommendation was newly developed. Background information on how these recommendations were obtained, and significant changes since the previous guideline update in 2015 are provided.

Conclusions
Unlike other guidelines, the WHO must consider various countries, contextual factors, and the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines when developing its guidelines. A transformation of the WHO guideline for psychoses into a living guideline would ensure always up-to-date recommendations and facilitate shared decision-making.
Care seeking for childhood illnesses in rural Mtwara, south-east Tanzania: a mixed methods study
Authors: Mshamu Salum , Meta Judith , Sanga Casiana , Day Nicholas , Mukaka Mavuto , Adhikari Bipin , Deen Jacqueline , Knudsen Jakob , Pell Christopher , von Seidlein Lorenz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Care seeking was assessed in preparation for a study of the health impact of novel design houses in rural Mtwara, Tanzania.

Methods
A total of 578 residents of 60 villages participated in this mixed-methods study from April to August 2020. Among them, 550 participated in a healthcare-seeking survey, 17 in in-depth interviews and 28 in key informant interviews.

Results
The decision to seek care was based on symptom severity (95.4% [370]). Caregivers first visited non-allopathic healthcare providers or were treated at home, which led to delays in seeking care at healthcare facilities. More than one-third (36.0% [140]) of respondents took &gt;12 h seeking care at healthcare facilities. The majority (73.0% [282]) visited healthcare facilities, whereas around one-fifth (21.0% [80]) sought care at drug stores. Treatment costs deterred respondents from visiting healthcare facilities (61.4% [338]). Only 10 (3.6%) of the households surveyed reported that they were covered by health insurance.

Conclusions
Quality of care, related to institutional factors, impacts timely care seeking for childhood illnesses in Mtwara, Tanzania. Ensuring accessibility of facilities is therefore not sufficient.
Conversion of a Validated Melanoma Risk Stratification Tool Into a Tablet-Based Patient Questionnaire for Targeted Melanoma Screening in Primary Care Settings: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gupta Neha , Kim Dennis P. , Conomikes Alexa , Murad Fadi , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Faling David W. , Frangos Jason E. , LeBoeuf Nicole R. , Ruiz Emily S. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Risk stratification can identify individuals in primary care settings who are at increased risk of developing melanoma.

OBJECTIVE
Converting and implementing a validated risk stratification tool as a patient self-administered tablet-based survey.

METHODS
Mackie risk stratification tool was transformed into a patient questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed in academic dermatologist practices by patients and dermatologists and revised to optimize sensitivity and specificity using physician assessment as gold standard. The optimized survey was administered before routine primary care visits during 2019 to 2021. High-risk patients were referred to dermatology. The number needed to screen (NNS), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value to identify a melanoma were calculated.

RESULTS
Of the 7,893 respondents, 5,842 (74%) and 2,051 (26%) patients were categorized as low-risk and high-risk population, respectively. The NNS to identify 1 melanoma was 64 in the high-risk population.

CONCLUSION
Incorporating self-administered patient-risk stratification tools in primary care settings can identify high-risk individuals for targeted melanoma screening. Further studies are needed to optimize specificity and sensitivity in more targeted populations.
Outcomes of Ticagrelor Versus High-dose Clopidogrel in CYP2C19 Intermediate Metabolizer Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Huang Hui-min , Ran Feng-ying , Chen Jun , Shen Yu-si , Liu Ning , Jiang Xue-qiang , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Guidelines on antiplatelet recommendation for CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizer (IM) have not come to an agreement. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical benefit of ticagrelor when compared with high-dose clopidogrel in CYP2C19 IM after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes. Patients were enrolled according to CYP2C19 genotype and individual antiplatelet therapy. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were collected through electronic medical record system. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE), namely a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, and stent thrombosis within 12 months. The secondary outcome was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium scale bleeding events within 12 months. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed, with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 532 CYP2C19 IM were enrolled in this retrospective single-center study. No statistically significant difference in incidence rate of MACCE was found between patients receiving ticagrelor versus clopidogrel (7.01 vs. 9.52 per 100 patient-years; IPTW-adjusted hazard ratio 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.32–1.58; adjusted log-rank P = 0.396), but the incidence rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding events was statistically higher in the loss of function–ticagrelor group than in the loss of function–clopidogrel group (13.53 vs. 6.16 per 100 patient-years; IPTW-adjusted hazard ratio: 2.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.10–4.78; adjusted log-rank P = 0.027). Ticagrelor treatment in CYP2C19 IM resulted in a statistically higher risk of bleeding compared with high-dose clopidogrel, whereas a clear association between treatments and MACCE warrants further investigations.
Wound Fluid Extracellular Microvesicles: A Potential Innovative Biomarker for Wound Healing
Authors: Mari Walid , Younes Sara , Sheehan Erin , Oroszi Terry L , Cool David R , Suliman Rajab , Simman Richard 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Extracellular vesicles, or microvesicles, are a large family of membrane-bound fluid-filled sacs that cells release into the extracellular environment. Extracellular microvesicles (EMVs) are essential for cell-to-cell communications that promote wound healing. We hypothesize a correlation between the concentration of EMVs in wound fluid and the percentage of wound healing in treated chronic, nonhealing, wounds. A prospective, multicenter, randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate EMV concentration in relation to wound healing percentages.

Methods:
Wound fluid samples were obtained from 16 patients with stage IV trunk pressure ulcers. Patients were divided equally into two groups: (1) control group on negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) alone and (2) study group with NPWT plus porcine extracellular matrix dressing. NPWT was replaced two times a week, and porcine extracellular matrix applied once weekly for all subjects. An NPWT canister device, called a wound vacuum-assisted closure, containing wound fluid was collected from each patient every 4 weeks. EMVs were isolated and the concentration measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis.

Results:
The study group’s total healing percentage was around 89% after 12 weeks compared with the control group’s percentage of about 52% (P ≤ 0.05). Using R programming software, simple linear regression was carried out to investigate the hypothesis. Data demonstrated significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.70; P = 0.05) between EMV concentrations and the healing percentage.

Conclusions:
There is a positive correlation between EMV concentration and wound healing percentages. Results propose that the EMVs in wound fluid could serve as a biomarker for healing.
Epidermoid Cysts after Percutaneous Needle Fasciotomy for Dupuytren Contracture: Literature Review
Authors: Breidung David , Delavari Sarina , Megas Ioannis-Fivos , Billner Moritz , Reichert Bert 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
This case report presents a rare complication after percutaneous needle fasciotomy for Dupuytren contracture: the development of epidermoid cysts. A 60-year-old man who had previously undergone a needle fasciotomy required a subsequent limited fasciectomy due to disease progression. Unexpectedly, epidermoid cysts were discovered during the procedure. The successful removal of the cysts, together with the removal of the contracture cord, resulted in a good functional outcome. The conducted literature review identified four case reports of epidermoid or dermoid cysts after treatment for Dupuytren contracture. The reported cases in the literature and our case emphasize the need for adaptability in the management of Dupuytren contracture and the potential for unexpected complications. Further investigation is essential to understand the relationship between Dupuytren disease and cyst formation.
3D Lipogluing: Preliminary Results of a Novel Technique for Direct Three-dimensional Fat Grafting in Breast Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: Verga Maurizio , Kessels Raquel Leão , Bonasegale Anna , Del Re Luca , Fenaroli Privato , Carminati Marcello 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
Lipofilling has emerged as an effective technique in breast reconstruction for enhancing aesthetic outcomes and addressing residual deformities. Traditionally, fat grafting has been performed as a secondary step in implant-based breast reconstruction during the replacement of the expander with a breast implant or as a revisional procedure. Our study investigates the technical feasibility and presents preliminary results of a new promising technique for delivering fat grafting in a three-dimensional (3D) shape, directly during mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction or in delayed breast reconstructive procedures. Our new 3D lipogluing technique involves securing the fat tissue in a 3D manner using fibrin glue. This method enhances the coverage of soft tissues and provides improved volume and shape supplementation. In selected cases between December 2015 and September 2023, we treated 24 patients using the 3D lipogluing technique and five patients using 3D lipocubing (without use of fibrin glue).The patient cohort consisted of different indications for breast reconstructions: direct-to-implant, expander-based breast reconstruction, and “conservative” surgery. Preliminary findings suggest the technique is a safe and effective approach that can enhance the soft-tissue envelope of reconstructed breasts by acting as an autologous scaffold, owing to its regenerative properties. This technique not only improves the overall aesthetic outcome but also has the potential to reduce implant-related complications. Furthermore, ongoing studies are investigating methods to optimize the results and explore the potential application of 3D lipogluing and 3D lipocubing in breast-conserving oncoplastic surgery, cosmetic breast surgery, and other areas of plastic reconstructive and aesthetic surgery.
Protective role of 17β-estradiol in alcohol-associated liver fibrosis is mediated by suppression of integrin signaling
Authors: Nataraj Kruti , Schonfeld Michael , Rodriguez Adriana , Tikhanovich Irina 
Published: May 2024

Background
Alcohol-associated liver disease is a complex disease regulated by genetic and environmental factors such as diet and sex. The combination of high-fat diet and alcohol consumption has synergistic effects on liver disease progression. Female sex hormones are known to protect females from liver disease induced by high-fat diet. In contrast, they promote alcohol-mediated liver injury. We aimed to define the role of female sex hormones on liver disease induced by a combination of high-fat diet and alcohol.

Methods:
Wild-type and protein arginine methyltransferase (Prmt)6 knockout female mice were subjected to gonadectomy (ovariectomy, OVX) or sham surgeries and then fed western diet and alcohol in the drinking water.

Results:
We found that female sex hormones protected mice from western diet/alcohol-induced weight gain, liver steatosis, injury, and fibrosis. Our data suggest that these changes are, in part, mediated by estrogen-mediated induction of arginine methyltransferase PRMT6. Liver proteome changes induced by OVX strongly correlated with changes induced by Prmt6 knockout. Using Prmt6 knockout mice, we confirmed that OVX-mediated weight gain, steatosis, and injury are PRMT6 dependent, while OVX-induced liver fibrosis is PRMT6 independent. Proteomic and gene expression analyses revealed that estrogen signaling suppressed the expression of several components of the integrin pathway, thus reducing integrin-mediated proinflammatory (Tnf, Il6) and profibrotic (Tgfb1, Col1a1) gene expression independent of PRMT6 levels. Integrin signaling inhibition using Arg-Gly-Asp peptides reduced proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expression in mice, suggesting that integrin suppression by estrogen is protective against fibrosis development.

Conclusions:
Taken together, estrogen signaling protects mice from liver disease induced by a combination of alcohol and high-fat diet through upregulation of Prmt6 and suppression of integrin signaling.