bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractalkine/CX3CL1 protects striatal neurons from synergistic morphine and HIV-1 Tat-induced dendritic losses and death
Authors: Suzuki Masami , El-Hage Nazira , Zou Shiping , Hahn Yun-Kyung , Sorrell Mary E , Sturgill Jamie L , Conrad Daniel H , Knapp Pamela E , Hauser Kurt F 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Fractalkine/CX3CL1 and its cognate receptor CX3CR1 are abundantly expressed in the CNS. Fractalkine is an unusual C-X3-C motif chemokine that is important in neuron-microglial communication, a co-receptor for HIV infection, and can be neuroprotective. To assess the effects of fractalkine on opiate-HIV interactive neurotoxicity, wild-type murine striatal neurons were co-cultured with mixed glia from the striata of wild-type or Cx3cr1 knockout mice ± HIV-1 Tat and/or morphine. Time-lapse digital images were continuously recorded at 20 min intervals for up to 72 h using computer-aided microscopy to track the same cells repeatedly.

Results
Co-exposure to Tat and morphine caused synergistic increases in neuron death, dendritic pruning, and microglial motility as previously reported. Exogenous fractalkine prevented synergistic Tat and morphine-induced dendritic losses and neuron death even though the inflammatory mediator TNF-α remained significantly elevated. Antibody blockade of CX3CR1 mimicked the toxic effects of morphine plus Tat, but did not add to their toxicity; while fractalkine failed to protect wild-type neurons co-cultured with Cx

3

cr1
-/--null glia against morphine and Tat toxicity. Exogenous fractalkine also normalized microglial motility, which is elevated by Tat and morphine co-exposure, presumably limiting microglial surveillance that may lead to toxic effects on neurons. Fractalkine immunofluorescence was expressed in neurons and to a lesser extent by other cell types, whereas CX3CR1 immunoreactivity or GFP fluorescence in cells cultured from the striatum of Cx3cr1
-/- (Cx3cr1
GFP/GFP) mice were associated with microglia. Immunoblotting shows that fractalkine levels were unchanged following Tat and/or morphine exposure and there was no increase in released fractalkine as determined by ELISA. By contrast, CX3CR1 protein levels were markedly downregulated.

Conclusions
The results suggest that deficits in fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling contribute to the synergistic neurotoxic effects of opioids and Tat. Importantly, exogenous fractalkine can selectively protect neurons from the injurious effects of chronic opioid-HIV-1 Tat co-exposure, and this suggests a potential therapeutic course for neuroAIDS. Although the cellular mechanisms underlying neuroprotection are not certain, findings that exogenous fractalkine reduces microglial motility and fails to protect neurons co-cultured with Cx3cr1
-/- mixed glia suggest that fractalkine may act by interfering with toxic microglial-neuron interactions.
Neuroendocrine tumors presenting with thyroid gland metastasis: a case series
Authors: Sivrikoz Emre , Ozbey Nese Colak , Kaya Bulent , Erbil Yesim , Kaya Serkan , Yilmazbayhan Dilek , Firat Pinar , Kapran Yersu 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Autopsy series have shown that metastasis to the thyroid gland has occurred in up to 24% of patients who have died of cancer. Neuroendocrine tumors may metastasize to thyroid gland.

Case presentations
Case 1 was a 17-year-old Turkish woman who was referred from our Endocrinology Department for a thyroidectomy for treatment of neuroendocrine tumor metastasis. She was treated with a bilateral total thyroidectomy. Histopathological examination results were consistent with a neuroendocrine tumor; neoplastic cells showed strong immunoreactivity to chromogranin A and synaptophysin, but the immunohistochemical profile was inconsistent with medullary thyroid carcinoma in that the tumor was negative for calcitonin, carcinoembryonic antigen, and thyroid transcription factor-1.
Case 2 was a 54-year-old Turkish woman who presented with a 3-cm nodule on her right thyroid lobe. She had undergone surgery for a right lung mass four years previously. After a right pneumonectomy, thymectomy and lymph node dissection, a typical carcinoid tumor was diagnosed. Under ultrasonographic guidance, fine needle aspiration biopsy of her right thyroid pole nodule was performed and the biopsy was compatible with a neuroendocrine tumor metastasis. She was treated with a bilateral total thyroidectomy. Histopathological examination indicated three nodular lesions, 5 cm and 0.4 cm in diameter in her right lobe and 0.1 cm in diameter in her left lobe. The tumors were consistent with a neuroendocrine phenotype, showing strong immunoreactivity to chromogranin A and synaptophysin.

Conclusion
Thyroid nodules detected during follow-up of neuroendocrine tumor patients should be thoroughly investigated. A fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid confirms the diagnosis in most cases and leads to appropriate management of those patients and may prevent unnecessary treatment approaches.
Mechanisms for coping with submergence and waterlogging in rice
Authors: Nishiuchi Shunsaku , Yamauchi Takaki , Takahashi Hirokazu , Kotula Lukasz , Nakazono Mikio 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), unlike other cereals, can grow well in paddy fields and is highly tolerant of excess water stress, from either submergence (in which part or all of the plant is under water) or waterlogging (in which excess water in soil limits gas diffusion). Rice handles submergence stress by internal aeration and growth controls. A quiescence strategy based on Submergence-1A (SUB1A) or an escape strategy based on SNORKEL1 (SK1) and SNORKEL2 (SK2) is used for the growth controls. On the other hand, rice handles waterlogging stress by forming lysigenous aerenchyma and a barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) in roots in order to supply O2 to the root tip. In this article, we summarize recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of responding to excess water stresses (i.e., submergence and waterlogging) in rice and other gramineous plants.
Small and round seed 5 gene encodes alpha-tubulin regulating seed cell elongation in rice
Authors: Segami Shuhei , Kono Izumi , Ando Tsuyu , Yano Masahiro , Kitano Hidemi , Miura Kotaro , Iwasaki Yukimoto 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Seed size is an important trait in determinant of rice seed quality and yield. In this study, we report a novel semi-dominant mutant
S

mall and

r

ound

s

eed 5 (Srs5) that encodes alpha-tubulin protein. Lemma cell length was reduced in Srs5 compared with that of the wild-type. Mutants defective in the G-protein alpha subunit (d1-1) and brassinosteroid receptor, BRI1 (d61-2) also exhibited short seed phenotypes, the former due to impaired cell numbers and the latter due to impaired cell length. Seeds of the double mutant of Srs5 and d61-2 were smaller than those of Srs5 or d61-2. Furthermore, SRS5 and BRI1 genes were highly expressed in Srs5 and d61-2 mutants. These data indicate that SRS5 independently regulates cell elongation of the brassinosteroid signal transduction pathway
Preparation of Molecular Cage by Coordination of m-Calix[3]amide Bearing Pyridine with Palladium Complex
Authors: Yamakado Ryohei , Sugimoto Shinri , Matsuoka Shin-ichi , Suzuki Masato , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Takagi Koji 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
m-Calix[3]amide having pyridine on the benzene ring (PyC3A) was synthesized by the cyclization of methyl 3-nonylamino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoate using lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS). The molecular cage 3Pd·2PyC3A was prepared from a 2:3 mixture of PyC3A and [Pd(dppp)(OTf)2] in CDCl3/CD3OD (5/1 in volume). On the other hand, in CDCl3, the formation of a polymeric mixture was confirmed.
Mitochondria-specific Oxygen Probe Based on Iridium Complexes Bearing Triphenylphosphonium Cation
Authors: Murase Tokiko , Yoshihara Toshitada , Tobita Seiji 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Organelle-selective oxygen probe BTP-Mito was designed and synthesized to selectively target mitochondria. BTP-Mito, which is an iridium complex bearing a triphenylphosphonium cation, exhibited selective mitochondria localization in HeLa cells. The phosphorescence of BTP-Mito was significantly quenched by molecular oxygen in living cells, demonstrating that BTP-Mito can be used as mitochondria-specific oxygen sensor.
Enhanced Oxidation of Alkali Metal Acetate in Supercritical Water
Authors: Takahashi Fumitake , Oshima Yoshito , Fukushi Kensuke , Yamamoto Kazuo 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Supercritical water oxidation is an innovative technology for wastewater treatment. Alkali metal acetate could be oxidized in supercritical water at greatly higher rate than that of acetic acid, which is a typical refractory intermediate in organic compound oxidation. Although heterogeneous oxidation catalyzed by in situ formed alkali metal titanate contributed into higher conversion rate, homogenous oxidation in supercritical phase was the main reaction pathway. Enhanced oxidation of alkali metal acetate has great potential to enable short and complete oxidations of refractory organic compounds.
Preparation of 4′,4′′(5′′)-Di-tert-butyldibenzo-18-crown-6 Based on Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Fan Juan , Yi Chunhai , Lan Xiaorong , Yang Bolun 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
4′,4′′(5′′)-Di-tert-butyldibenzo-18-crown-6 (DTBB18C6) was synthesized by improving the electrophilic aromatic substitution of dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) using tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) as alkylation reagent, H3PO4 (85 wt %) as catalyst and CH2Cl2 as solvent. Experimental results show that the optimized reaction conditions were 0.03 mol L−1 for TBA concentration, 2.5 for TBA/DB18C6 molar ratio, 0.006 mol L−1 for H3PO4 concentration, 50 °C reaction temperature, and 6 h reaction time. Under the optimum reaction conditions, DTBB18C6 yield can reach 43.65%.
Regioselective Hydrocarbamoylation of 1-Alkenes
Authors: Miyazaki Yosuke , Yamada Yuuya , Nakao Yoshiaki , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Nickel/Lewis acid cooperative catalysis derived from [Ni(cod)2], AlEt3, and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) effects highly regioselective hydrocarbamoylation of 1-alkenes. Variously substituted formamides and 1-alkenes can be employed to give a range of linear alkanamides regioselectively.
Synthesis of a Bridging Ligand with a Non-denatured Protein Pendant: Toward Protein Encapsulation in a Coordination Cage
Authors: Fujita Daishi , Suzuki Kosuke , Sato Sota , Yagi-Utsumi Maho , Kurimoto Eiji , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Kato Koichi , Fujita Makoto 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Toward protein encapsulation by a synthetic host, we synthesized an ubiquitin-dangled ligand, a potential precursor of a nanoscale coordination cage. The key step is the addition of a C-terminal Cys76 SH group, which was introduced by Gly76Cys mutation, to a maleimide acceptor on the ligand. The C-terminal mutation and the SH addition to the ligand did not damage the ubiquitin moiety at all, neither structurally nor conformationally.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Moser Gabrielle , Haines Chelsea , Curtin Brian , Lasser Ethan W. 
Published: February 2012

CURATING AND THE EDUCATIONAL TURN, PAUL O'NEILL AND MICK WILSON (EDS) (2010) London and Amsterdam: Open Editions and De Appel Arts Centre, 344 pp., ISBN: 978-0-949004-18-5, Paperback, £18.00
RAISING FRANKENSTEIN: CURATORIAL EDUCATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS, KITTY SCOTT (ED.) (2011)
Banff and London: The Banff Centre Press and Koenig Books, 112 pp., ISBN: 978-1-894773-32-4 and 978-3-865560-918-2, Paperback, US $24.95
SELECTED MARIA LIND WRITING, BRIAN KUAN WOOD (ED.) (2010) New York: Sternberg Press, 413 pp., ISBN 978-1-934105-18-4, Paperback, US $29.95
WHO
CARES? 16 ESSAYS ON CURATING IN ASIA, ALVARO RODRÍGUEZ FOMINAYA AND MICHAEL LEE (EDS) (2010) Hong Kong: Para/Site Art Space with Studio Bibliothèque and seed|projects, 190 pp., ISBN 978-888-98963-9-3, Paperback, HK $80.00
A MATTER OF CLASS: JOHN COTTON DANA, PROGRESSIVE
REFORM AND THE NEWARK MUSEUM, CAROL G. DUNCAN (2009) Pittsburgh: Periscope Publishing, 302 pp., ISBN 978-0-8135-4769-5, Hardcover, US $49.95
MADE IN NEWARK: CULTIVATING INDUSTRIAL ARTS AND CIVIC IDENTITY IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA, EZRA SHALES (2010) New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rivergate
Books, 302 pp., ISBN 978-0-8135-4769-5, Hardcover, US $49.95
REVIEWS
Authors: Igelström Ann , Harper Stephen , Mills Brett 
Published: February 2012

Movies That Move Us: Screenwriting and the Power of the Protagonist's Journey, Craig Batty (2011) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 224 pp., ISBN: 978-0230278349, h/bk, £50.00
Stephen Poliakoff on Stage and Screen, Robin Nelson (2011) London: Methuen, 272 pp., ISBN: 9781408131084,
p/bk, £14.99
How Not to Write a Sitcom: 100 Mistakes to Avoid if You Ever Want to Get Produced, Marc Blake (2011) London: A & C Black, 259 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4081-3085-8, p/bk, £14.99.
Selective separation of actinyl(V,VI) cations from aqueous solutions by Chelex-100
Authors: Kiliari Tasoula , Pashalidis Ioannis 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Experimental studies on the selectivity of Chelex-100 resin for the separation of actinide cations at different oxidation states (III, IV, V and VI) from aqueous solution have shown that Chelex-100 presents increased selectivity for actinyl cations at near neutral pH (pH ∼ 4.5). The effect of salinity on the chemical recovery indicates that the increased selectivity could be attributed to the formation of complexes with specific interactions and the pH area, in which the formation of the respective complexes is favored, indicates the occurrence of guest-host interactions. The specific interaction of Chelex-100 with actinyl cations could be of particular interest not only for the separation and preconcentration of uranium from natural waters prior its analysis but also for the recovery of uranium from seawater on a large scale.
Baseball and Softball
Authors:   COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS, Rice Stephen G. , Congeni Joseph A. , McCambridge Teri , Brenner Joel , Benjamin Holly , Cappetta Charles , Demorest Rebecca , Halstead Mark , Kelly Amanda Weiss , Koutures Chris , LaBella Cynthia , Labotz Michele , Loud Keith , Martin Stephanie 
Published: February 2012

This Policy Statement was retired June 2020.
Baseball and softball are among the most popular and safest sports in which children and adolescents participate. Nevertheless, traumatic and overuse injuries occur regularly, including occasional catastrophic injury and even death. Safety of the athlete is a constant focus of attention among those responsible for modifying rules. Understanding the stresses placed on the arm, especially while pitching, led to the institution of rules controlling the quantity of pitches thrown in youth baseball and established rest periods between pitching assignments. Similarly, field maintenance and awareness of environmental conditions as well as equipment maintenance and creative prevention strategies are critically important in minimizing the risk of injury. This statement serves as a basis for encouraging safe participation in baseball and softball. This statement has been endorsed by the Canadian Paediatric Society.
Swelling and Release Properties of Functional κ-carrageenan Hydrogel Nanocomposites
Authors: Daniel da Silva Ana Luísa , Salgueiro Ana M. , Fateixa Sara , Moreira Joana , Estrada Ana C. , Gil Ana M. , Trindade Tito 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTToday polysaccharide based hydrogel nanocomposites are receiving high importance as biomaterials for drug delivery. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated into the polymer matrix to provide novel functionalities to the hydrogels. However, the effect of nanofillers on the release properties has not been totally understood. In this work, we investigate the influence of inorganic functional nanofillers (Fe3O4 and Au NPs) with variable size and shape on the structure of κ-carrageenan hydrogels and on the kinetics and release mechanism of methylene blue (MB) as model drug. It was shown that, depending on the nature of the nanofiller incorporated, and for equivalent nanofiller content, the mechanism of MB release can be adjusted either to by diffusion or polymer relaxation mechanism. The mechanism of the MB release was found to be determined by the strength and microstructure of the gel network and extent of gel swelling, which are affected by the extent of incorporation of the nanofillers.
3-dimensional imaging of dislocation microstructures by electron beams
Authors: Barnard J. S. , Sharp J. H. , Hata S. , Mitsuhara M. , Kaneko K. , Higashida K. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWe review the progress in the electron tomography of dislocation microstructures in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Dislocation contrast is visible both in conventional TEM and scanning TEM (STEM) modes and, despite the complicated intensity variations, dislocation contrast can be isolated using computational filtering techniques prior to reconstruction. We find that STEM annular dark-field (STEM-ADF) imaging offers significant advantages in terms of dislocation contrast and background artifacts. We present several examples, both in semiconducting and metallic systems, illustrating the properties of 3D dislocations. We present the high-angle triple-axis (HATA) specimen holder where the diffraction condition can be chosen at will and dislocation tomograms of multiple reflections can be combined. 3D dislocations are analyzed in terms of dislocation density and dislocation nodal structures. Several avenues of study are suggested that may exploit the 3D dislocation data.
X-ray and FIB Tomography of Extremely High Surface Area Nanostructured Hollow Fiber Membranes
Authors: Grano Amy J. , Sayler Franchessa M. , Genau Amber , Graves Keana L. , Patterson Brian M. , Wang Yuxin , Smått Jan-Henrik , Bakker Martin G. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTHierarchically porous materials are of interest in a wide range of applications. If the materials are electronic, or ionic conductors, such materials are of interest as electrodes for use in fuel cells. Using hierarchically porous silica as templates, we have demonstrated the formation of hierarchically porous metal and metal oxide structures. Through the control of the synthesis conditions, we have produced partial replicas ca. 1 cubic centimeter in volume, in which two macroporous networks are separated by a nanoporous membrane. The macroporous network in the silica template is known to be bicontinuous. Our underlying model predicts that the second, induced, macroporous network should be similarly bicontinuous.Micrometer resolution X-ray tomography of the whole sample confirms that the synthesis produces one bicontinuous macroporous network, and is consistent with the existence of a second set of macropores. Preliminary experiments were carried out using FIB/SEM serial tomography to image the second macropore network, however, the length scale of the structures is such that this approach it is unable to firmly establish that the second macropore network is bicontinuous throughout the entire sample volume.
Evaluation of a fracture pain model in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Desmarchelier Marion , Troncy Eric , Beauchamp Guy , Paul-Murphy Joanne R. , Fitzgerald Guy , Lair Stéphane 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To validate a model of postfracture pain in perching birds.
Animals—21 adult domestic pigeons (Columba livia).
Procedures—In each bird, a standardized osteotomy of 1 femur was performed and the fracture was immobilized with an intramedullary pin. Degree of postoperative pain was evaluated 6 times/d for 4 days by use of 3 methods: an electronic perch for assessment of weight-bearing load differential of the pelvic limbs, 4 numeric rating pain scales for assessment of pain (all of which involved the observer in the same room as the bird), and analysis of video-recorded (observer absent) partial ethograms for bird activity and posture. Measurements obtained were compared with data collected before the surgery to evaluate the ability of these methods to detect pain.
Results—The weight-bearing load differential was a sensitive, specific, reliable, and indirect measure of fracture-associated pain in the model used. Two of 4 tested pain scales (fractured limb position and subjective evaluation of degree of pain) were sensitive and specific for detecting pain and were reliable in a research setting. Interobserver reliability of the 4 pain scales was excellent. Partial ethograms were sensitive for identifying pain-associated behavior in pigeons, particularly during the first 2 days after surgery.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The fracture pain model was reliable and reproducible and may be useful for experimental studies involving postsurgical pain in pigeons. Weight-bearing load differential was the most sensitive and specific means of determining degree of pain in pigeons during the first 4 days after hind limb fracture induction.
Comparison of an inertial sensor system with a stationary force plate for evaluation of horses with bilateral forelimb lameness
Authors: Keegan Kevin G. , MacAllister Charles G. , Wilson David A. , Gedon Carl A. , Kramer Joanne , Yonezawa Yoshiharu , Maki Hiromitchi , Pai P. Frank 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To assess the analytic sensitivity of an inertial sensor system for detection of the more severely affected forelimb in horses with bilateral lameness.
Animals—18 adult horses with forelimb lameness.
Procedures—Horses were fitted with inertial sensors and evaluated for lameness with a stationary force plate as they were trotted in a straight line. Inertial sensor-derived measurements for vertical head movement asymmetry (HMA) and vector sum (VS) of maximum and minimum head height differences between right and left halves of the stride were used to predict differences in mean peak vertical force (PVF) as a percentage of body weight between the right and left forelimbs. Repeatability was compared by calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each variable. Correct classification percentages for the lamer forelimb were determined by use of a stationary force plate as the standard.
Results—SEs of the prediction of difference in PVF between the right and left forelimbs from HMA and VS were 6.1% and 5.2%, respectively. Head movement asymmetry (ICC, 0.72) was less repeatable than PVF (ICC, 0.86) and VS (ICC, 0.84). Associations were positive and significant between HMA (R2 = 0.73) and VS (R2 = 0.81) and the difference in PVF between the right and left forelimbs. Correct classification percentages for HMA and VS for detecting the lamer forelimb were 83.3% and 77.8%, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that an inertial sensor system to measure vertical asymmetry (HMA and VS) due to forelimb lameness in horses trotting in a straight line has adequate analytic sensitivity for clinical use. Additional studies are required to assess specificity of the system.