bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐fast adenosine 5′‐triphosphate, adenosine 5′‐diphosphate and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate detection by pressure‐assisted capillary electrophoresis UV detection
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Sotgia Salvatore , Scanu Bastianina , Pisanu Elisabetta , Sanna Manuela , Franca Usai Maria , Deiana Luca , Carru Ciriaco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHerein, we report a new CE method to measure adenine nucleotides adenosine 5′‐triphosphate, adenosine 5′‐diphosphate, and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate in red blood cells. For this purpose, 20 mmol/L sodium acetate buffer at pH 3.80 was used as running electrolyte, and the separation was performed by the simultaneous application of a CE voltage of 25 kV and an overimposed pressure of 0.2 psi from inlet to outlet. A rapid separation of these analytes in less than 1.5 min was obtained with a good reproducibility for intra‐ and inter‐assay (CV<4 and 8%, respectively) and an excellent analytical recovery (from 98.3 to 99%). The applicability of our method was proved by measuring adenine nucleotides in red blood cells.
Clinical associations of delirium in hospitalized adult patients and the role of on admission presentation
Authors: Lin Robert Y , Heacock Laura C. , Bhargave Geeta A. , Fogel Joyce F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe clinical associations of delirium in hospitalized patients and relationships to on admission presentation.DesignRetrospective analysis of an administrative hospitalization database 1998–2007.SettingAcute care hospitalizations in the New York State (NYS).MeasurementsFour categories of diagnosis related group (DRG) hospitalizations were extracted from a NYS administrative database: pneumonia, congestive heart failure, urinary tract/kidney infection (UTI), and lower extremity orthopedic surgery (LEOS) DRGs. These hospitalizations were examined for clinical associations with delirium coding both on and after admission.ResultsDelirium was coded in 0.8% of the cohort, of which an on admission diagnosis was present in 59%. On admission delirium was strongly associated with dementia (adjusted odds ratio 0, 95%CI 5.8–6.3) and with adverse drug effects (ADEs) (adjusted odds ratio 4.6, 95%CI 4.3, 5.0). After admission delirium was even more highly associated with ADEs (adjusted odds ratio 22.2, 95%CI 20.7–23.7). The UTI DRG category had the greatest proportion of on admission delirium. However after admission delirium was more common in the LEOS DRG category. Over time, there was a greater increase in delirium proportions in the UTI DRG category, and an overall increase in coding for encephalopathy states (potential alternative delirium descriptors).ConclusionADEs play an important role in delirium regardless of whether or not it is present on admission. While the finding that most delirium hospitalizations presented on admission suggests that delirium impacts more as a clinical admitting determinant, in‐hospital prevention strategies may still have benefit in targeted settings where after admission delirium is more frequent, such as patients with LEOS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved model for myocardial diffuse reflectance spectra by including mitochondrial cytochrome aa3, methemoglobin, and inhomogenously distributed RBC
Authors: Lindbergh Tobias , Häggblad Erik , Ahn Henrik , Göran Salerud E. , Larsson Marcus , Strömberg Tomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare a previously used light transport model (I) comprising the chromophores hemo‐ and myoglobin, fat, and water, with two extended models, where the chromophores of cytochrome aa3, methemo‐ and metmyoglobin are added (model II), and in addition, accounting for an inhomogenous hemoglobin distribution (model III). The models were evaluated using calibrated diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements on the human myocardium. Model II proved a significantly better spectral fitting, especially in the wavelength ranges corresponding to prominent absorption characteristics for the added chromophores. Model III was significantly better than model II and displayed a markedly higher tissue fraction and saturation of hemo‐ and myoglobin. The estimated tissue chromophore fractions, saturation and oxidation levels, were in agreement with other studies, demonstrating the potential of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements for evaluating open heart surgery. However, the choice of chromophores and vessel packaging effects in the light transport model has a major effect on the results. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cynogen bromide and ethylacetoacetate in heterocyclization: Novel synthesis of tetracyclic derivative of 3‐aryl quinazolinones
Authors: Deshmukh M. B. , Patil Suresh S. , Patil Sanjeevani S. , Jadhav Swati D. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image In this work, tricyclic 1‐amino‐4‐(substituted phenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinazolin‐5(4H)‐one 3 was synthesized by treatment of 2‐hydrazinyl‐3‐(substituted phenyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one 2 with cyanogen bromide, which on cyclization with ethylacetoacetate to get the targeted fused tetracyclic derivatives of quinazoli‐4(3H)one 4. The synthesized compounds have been characterized using IR and 1H NMR, mass spectral data together with elemental analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Transformations of 2‐aryl‐4‐(2‐oxopyrrolidinyl‐1)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines, cycloadducts of the BiCl3‐catalyzed three‐component Povarov reaction: Oxidation and reduction processes towards new potentially bioactive 2‐arylquinoline derivatives
Authors: Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Meléndez Gómez Carlos M. , Bermúdez Jaimes John H. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image Synthesis and spectral characterization of new series of 2‐aryl‐4‐(2‐oxopyrrolidinyl‐1)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines and their aromatic analogs, 2‐arylquinolines are reported. It was found that substituted tetrahydroquinoline precursors are easily prepared using BiCl3‐catalyzed three‐component Povarov reaction between 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde or 2‐naphtylcarboxyaldehyde, anilines and N‐vinylpyrrolidin‐2‐one, and could be transformed via oxidation and reduction processes into potentially bioactive 2‐arylquinoline derivatives, unsubstituted at the C‐4 position. The all set of (tetrahydro)quinolines were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Dibromination of 5‐pyrazolones and 5‐hydroxypyrazoles via dibromoisocyanuric acid
Authors: Cheng Kaung‐Min , Wu Jin Bin , Lin Hui‐Chang , Huang Jiann‐Jyh , Huang Yu‐Ying , Lin Shao‐Kai , Lin Tsung‐Ping , Wong Fung Fuh 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image A safe and efficient method was developed for the dibromination of pyrazolones and 5‐hydroxypyrazoles by use of dibromoisocyanuric acid (DBI). The reaction gave the corresponding dibrominated pyrazolones in excellent yields (≥91%). J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
The reaction of 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran with oxalyl chloride: Formation and crystal structure analysis of an unexpected bicyclic product
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Werner Frank , Kelling Alexandra , Schilde Uwe 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image3,4‐Dihydro‐2‐H‐pyran and oxalyl chloride react, depending on the conditions, to keto esters, a pyran‐3‐carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof, or to an hitherto unknown bicyclic acetal containing a vinyl chloride moiety. The structure of the latter product has been unambiguously elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. A mechanism for its formation is proposed. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis of novel and biologically potent heteropolycyclics containing bridge head nitrogen
Authors: Gupta Poonam , Gupta Shallu , Sachar Anand , Sharma R. L. 
Published: July 2010

Abstractmagnified imageA facile one pot synthesis of 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydropyrido [1,2‐a] [1,3] diazepine‐2,5‐dione2and 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrido [1,2‐a] pyrimidine‐2,4‐dione3has been achieved. Condensation of3witho‐aminobenzaldehydes produced the linear product4and not the angular one5. Cyclocondensation of3with 1,5‐diketones afforded a tricyclic linear system6, a bis assembly system7and two novel heterotetracyclic nitrogen bridged linear systems8and10. Condensation ofo‐aminobenzaldehydes with2produced a novel linear system12and a new doubly fused hexacyclic system11. Cyclodehydration of2with 1,2‐dicarbaldehydes produced1,13, and a new heterotetracyclic nitrogen bridged system14. Condensation of3with aromatic aldehydes in presence of ethylene glycol as solvent without the use of catalyst generated the doubly nitrogen bridged linear pentacyclic systems15,16,17. The synthesized compounds have been adequately characterized and screened for bronchodilatory and antimicrobial activities with promising results. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Calculating the frequency of serious reportable adverse events and hospital‐acquired conditions
Authors: Bunting Jr. Robert F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) mandated that Medicare Advantage Organizations (MAOs) begin reporting the number of serious reportable adverse events and hospital‐acquired conditions received on Medicare claims. There are additional state mandates and health insurance plan requirements. The author provides an analysis of the reporting methodology and proposes an alternative approach using rate‐based formulas that would yield information that is more useful.
Gliding resistance of flexor tendon associated with carpal tunnel pressure: A biomechanical cadaver study
Authors: Zhao Chunfeng , Ettema Anke M. , Berglund Lawrence J. , An Kai‐Nan , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of carpal tunnel pressure on the gliding characteristics of flexor tendons within the carpal tunnel. Eight fresh human cadaver wrists and hands were used. A balloon was inserted into the carpal tunnel to elevate the pressure. The mean gliding resistance of the middle finger flexor digitorum superficialis tendon was measured with the following six conditions: (1) as a baseline, before balloon insertion; (2) balloon with 0 mmHg pressure; (3) 30 mmHg; (4) 60 mmHg; (5) 90 mmHg; (6) 120 mmHg. The gliding resistance of flexor tendon gradually increased as the carpal tunnel pressure was elevated. At pressures above 60 mmHg, the increase in gliding resistance became significant compared to the baseline condition. This study helps us to understand the relationship between carpal tunnel pressure, which is elevated in the patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and tendon gliding resistance, which is a component of the work of flexion. These findings suggest that patients with CTS may have to expend more energy to accomplish specific motions, which may in turn affect symptoms of hand pain, weakness and fatigue, seen commonly in such patients. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:58–61, 2011
Ability of various water‐insoluble fertilizers to supply available phosphorus in hydroponics to plant species with diverse phosphorus‐acquisition efficiency: Involvement of organic acid accumulation in plant tissues and root exudates
Authors: Erro Javier , Ma Zamarreño Angel , Ma García‐Mina Jose 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPrevious studies describe the suitability of a new type of phosphorus (P) fertilizer, called “rhizosphere‐controlled fertilizer” (RCF), to supply available P to plants while reducing soil phosphorus fixation. In order to explore the involvement of organic acid root exudation in P uptake from RCF, we investigated the relationship between shoot and root P concentrations, and the concentration of the main polycarboxylic organic acids in roots, shoots, and plant exudates. Plant species with different P‐acquisition efficiency (low: maize; medium: chickpea; high: lupin) were grown in hydroponics with three different P fertilizers: The water‐insoluble P fraction of RCF (RCF); Phospal, a slow‐release source of phosphate composed of calcium and aluminum phosphates (PH); monopotassiumphosphate (KP), and a control treatment without P (P–).RCF was as efficient as KP in supplying P to plants in the case of chickpea and lupin, and slightly less efficient than KP in maize. However, P from PH was not available for maize and less available compared to KP and RCF in chickpea and lupin. This variation reflects the different efficiencies in P acquisition for the three plant species. Except in the case of maize, plants receiving KP presented the lowest concentration of organic acids in roots and exudates, while those plants suffering severe P deficiency (P– and PH) showed the highest organic acid concentration. However, RCF had a high concentration of organic acids in roots and exudates, as well as a high P concentration in the shoot indicating that P uptake from RCF is enhanced due to root release and action of specific organic acids.
Prevalence of Salmonella infecting bacteriophages associated with Ontario pig farms and the holding area of a high capacity pork processing facility
Authors: Wang Sunan , Zhao Weikang , Raza Asad , Friendship Robert , Johnson Roger , Kostrzynska Magdalena , Warriner Keith 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: There is interest in applying bacteriophages to control Salmonella in pig production and pork processing. The following reports on the prevalence of Salmonella infecting bacteriophages within Ontario pig farms and associated with the holding area of a pork slaughterhouse.RESULTS: Salmonella infecting bacteriophages were present in 30 and 28 of the effluent manure samples collected from 36 farms using S. Typhimurium DT104 or S. Heidelberg as host cell respectively. Bacteriophages were recovered in 95–100% of the 48 samples taken from holding pens within a high capacity slaughterhouse over a 12 month period. Bacteriophages isolated from farms exhibited similar host ranges which differed to that of slaughterhouse isolates. Salmonella (n = 21) from the slaughterhouse were susceptible to the endogenous bacteriophages. Despite being susceptible to the resident phages, the Salmonella populations were found to be genetically stable with the same genotypes being recovered over successive visits. Salmonella isolated from the farms were frequently resistant to the endogenous phages.CONCLUSIONS: Bacteriophages are prevalent in the pig slaughterhouse environment although they do not have a significant impact on the genetic structure of Salmonella populations. However, there was evidence that the Salmonella population structure on farms is influenced by the presence of infecting phages. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of dietary mineral level and inulin inclusion on phosphorus, calcium and nitrogen utilisation, intestinal microflora and bone development
Authors: Varley Patrick F , McCarney Catherine , Callan James J , O'Doherty John V 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: An experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction between dietary phosphorus (P) level (4 vs 6 g total P kg−1) and inulin inclusion (0 vs 20 g kg−1) on coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility, nitrogen (N), P and calcium (Ca) utilisation, bone mineralisation, selected gastrointestinal microflora, intestinal volatile fatty acid concentrations and digesta pH in the ileum, caecum and proximal colon. Owing to the design of the experiment, as dietary P level increased, there was also an increase in dietary Ca level in order to maintain a sustainable dietary Ca/P ratio. Entire male finisher pigs (n = 10 per treatment) with a similar initial body weight (51 kg, standard deviation 2.4 kg) were used.RESULTS: Inulin inclusion lowered (P < 0.01) Enterobacteriaceae populations in the proximal colon compared with pigs offered diets without added inulin. However, intestinal bacterial populations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. were unaffected. Inulin inclusion had no effect on mineral digestibility or bone mineralisation. Pigs offered low P and Ca diets had lower (P < 0.01) bone mineralisation than pigs offered high P and Ca diets.CONCLUSION: Intestinal bacterial populations of Enterobacteriaceae in the proximal colon were lowered by inulin inclusion. Inulin inclusion did not affect P, Ca or N utilisation or bone mineralisation in the finisher pig when offered either a low or a high P diet. Increasing the P and Ca content of the diet led to an increase in bone mineralisation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Cost analysis of asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss investigations
Authors: Wilson YuShan L. , Gandolfi Michele M. , Ahn Inhye E. , Yu Guopei , Huang Tina C. , Kim Ana H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the typical cost of asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) work‐up, and to compare the positive predictive value from this common presenting symptom.Study Design:Retrospective chart review from two major otolaryngology centers.Methods:We reviewed charts from patients presenting to New York Eye and Ear Infirmary between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2006, and the University of Minnesota between December 1, 2002 and November 30, 2007 with ASNHL. Diagnostic information included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serum laboratory values (antinuclear antibodies, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Lyme, rapid plasma reagin, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone). We calculated positive rate according to each item of diagnosis. To estimate cost‐benefit, we further calculated the average cost for identifying a patient with a positive result.Results:The total cost was $263,535, whereas the average cost for identifying a positive patient was $146,40.81. The total lab cost was $16,935 and the total imaging cost was $246,600. The average cost for identifying a positive patient based on MRI was $61,650 and $2,109 based on lab values. Of the 247 patients, only six patients (2.4%)—one patient with acoustic neuroma, two patients with syphilis, and three patients with Lyme—were identified with treatable pathology.Conclusions:A comprehensive ASNHL work‐up may not be applicable to all patients. Laboratory serologic tests are highly cost effective in diagnosing treatable causes of ASNHL, such as syphilis and Lyme. Although radiographic imaging with MRI is not as cost effective, its value in detecting for acoustic neuroma is undeniable. Laryngoscope, 2010
Capacity constraints in operationalisation of payment for ecosystem services (PES) in India: Evidence from land degradation
Authors: Kumar P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe understanding of the requirement for PES and necessary capacity of stakeholders to conceive, design and execute PES, are critical to its successful operationalisation. Identification and assessment of capacity needs are also prerequisite for PES especially in a developing country like India where institutional setting and functioning are far from the desirable level. In this background, the paper begins with an introduction of the basic concept and centrality of economic valuation in PES. Next, the paper discusses the status of the land degradation problem in India and how the PES can prove to be an efficient tool to manage the declining ecosystem services due to increasing land degradation in the Country. By identifying the direct and indirect drivers of land degradation, the stage is set for designing of appropriate response options for halting the degradation of land which is not only the base of agrarian economy of India but source of livelihood options for the poor. In the subsequent section, the paper assesses the required capacity to operationalise PES in the states where the problem of land degradation is acute. This has been done on the basis of wider consultation with land users (farmers), conservation agencies, Departments of Land Agriculture and related R&D agencies through a structured questionnaire in group meetings in different parts of the Country during 2006–2007. The necessary capacity on behalf of stakeholders like the Local, State and National level institutions have been mapped out. The result from the survey suggests that while the capacity to understand the ecosystem services is adequate, the capacity to do valuation of incremental change in the ecosystem services is not sufficient and the State still needs to invest significant amount of resources before this tool can be used to manage the land based ecosystem services in India. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decline of soil fertility during forest conversion of secondary forest to Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China
Authors: Wang Q. , Wang S. , Yu X. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of forest conversion on soil fertility are still not well understood in subtropical zones. This issue was addressed by comparing chemical properties of soil in a secondary forest and a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hooker) plantation at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology. Total N, available P, ${\rm NO}_{{\rm 3}}^{ - } $‐N, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable Al3+ and H+ of soil were significantly lower in the pure Chinese fir plantation (PCP) than in the secondary forest while soil organic carbon (SOC), total K and exchangeable Na+ had a tendency to decrease in the PCP. In contrast, soil pH and percentage base saturation (PBS) significantly increased due to forest conversion, and available K, ${\rm NH}_{{\rm 4}}^{ + } $‐N and exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ tended to increase in the PCP. Some underlying processes responsible for the differences in soil fertility between the secondary forest and the Chinese fir plantation were low litterfall and root input to soil and site preparation in coniferous plantations. There was no significant difference in the effect of slope position on chemical properties of soil in the PCP and the secondary forest. Results indicated that the conversion of secondary forests to coniferous plantations leads to a decline in soil fertility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Synthetic Approach to Homologous Blockcopolymers
Authors: Kurzhals Steffen , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSummary: Blockcopolymers of 3‐methyl‐3‐phenylcyclopropene and norbornene derivatives were synthesized via ROMP. The crossover reaction during ROMP blockcopolymerization was successfully monitored via MALDI‐TOF MS in agreement with GPC and NMR‐methods.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Ene‐Ynamide: Application to the Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Cyclic Dienamide
Authors: Wakamatsu Hideaki , Sakagami Maiko , Hanata Miyuki , Takeshita Mitsuhiro , Mori Miwako 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSummary: Ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) of ene‐ynamide, which could be applied to the synthesis of various heterocycles containing 7‐ and 8‐membered rings, was investigated. Ene‐ynamides are easily synthesized by the known method. When a toluene solution of ene‐ynamide was stirred in the presence of a catalytic amount of second‐generation ruthenium carbene complex 1 under an ethylene atmosphere, RCM proceeded smoothly to provide a heterocyclic compound having a diene moiety in good to high yield. A substituent of the ynamide moiety affected the yield of the cyclized product.
Latent and Switchable Olefin Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Diesendruck Charles E. , Iliashevsky Olga , Ben‐Asuly Amos , Goldberg Israel , Lemcoff N. Gabriel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSummary: Many latent olefin metathesis initiators have been described in the recent years. In this symposium manuscript, we present our contribution to the field, based on the use of different heteroatoms; namely sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorous and selenium; as chelators in ruthenium bidentate benzylidenes. The steric and electronic parameters were thoroughly studied and used in order to prepare not only latent pre‐catalysts but also thermo‐ and photo‐switchable systems – effectively granting control over both reaction initiation and interruption.