bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on morphology and interphase of poly(butylene terephthalate)/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Prado L.A.S. de A. , Kwiatkowska M. , Funari S.S. , Roslaniec Z. , Broza G. , Schulte K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe microstructure of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) nanocomposites was investigated by simultaneous small angle X‐ray scattering/wide angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) measurements at room temperature. The PBT was observed to crystallize in the α‐phase. The dispersion of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in PBT, using in situ polymerization, materials with higher degree of crystallinity than neat PBT were produced. SAXS results indicated that the SWCNT may be preferentially distributed in the amorphous phase of PBT, although WAXS results suggested a nucleation ability of SWCNT, which was supported by the DSC results. Much more complex changes were induced by the dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the PBT matrix. Evidence for the formation of an interphase with restricted chain mobility were found by dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and WAXS showed an increase of the crystallinity of the nanocomposites in comparison to neat PBT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1571–1576, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Morphology and property of polyethylene pipe extruded at the low mandrel rotation
Authors: Nie Min , Wang Qi , Bai ShiBing 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDuring the rotation extrusion of polyethylene (PE) pipes, with the rotating mandrel, compressed air as a cooling medium was introduced through their interior to achieve the quick cooling of the inner wall. The experimental results showed that the hoop stress exerted by mandrel rotation could promote the molecular orientation in the hoop direction; moreover, the introduction of compressed air could quicken its inner wall's cooling rate so as to slow down the relaxation of the oriented molecule and to reserve the orientation structure. Therefore, the hoop orientation degree increased with the increasing inner wall's cooling rate. As a result, the performance of the PE pipe was greatly enhanced. The hoop tensile strength of the PE pipe produced by the novel extrusion method increased from original 24.1 MPa up to 35 MPa; the pipe's crack initiation time increased from 27 to 60 h and the crack growth rate slowed down. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1743–1750, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Importance of coupling between specific energy and viscosity in the modeling of twin screw extrusion of starchy products
Authors: Berzin Françoise , Tara Ahmed , Tighzert Lan , Vergnes Bruno 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDuring the twin extrusion process, starch basic structure is modified and it is very important to be able to predict the changes experienced by the product. To model the transformation of starch during twin screw extrusion, it is thus necessary to take into account the strong coupling between viscosity and thermomechanical treatment. It is the purpose of the present work. We have used the software Ludovic© to calculate the flow of a molten starch along a twin screw extruder. We have assumed that the degradation reaction (viscosity decrease) was linked to the specific mechanical energy received during the flow. We have compared extrusion cases with and without viscosity/energy coupling, and we show that it is important to take it into account to correctly predict the parameters of the extrusion process (torque, energy, product temperature, etc.) and the level of starch transformation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1758–1766, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Discharge behaviors and jet profiles during electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Kadomae Yosuke , Sugimoto Masataka , Taniguchi Takashi , Koyama Kiyohito 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRelations between beads formation and jet profiles, and beads formation and electric discharge during electrospinning were investigated by changing sample parameters and spinning conditions. The jet profiles were obtained as a function of the position along the spinning line by using photographs. As the molecular weight or concentration increased, the elongational viscosity of jet at the onset of bending instability was increased, and beads formation was suppressed. In addition, beads formation was enhanced with increasing voltage. The electric discharge spark from the apex of cone was observed by using image intensified high‐speed camera. It was found that the beads were also formed easily when the electric discharge generated. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1788–1796, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Structural changes and biodegradation of PLLA, PCL, and PLGA sponges during in vitro incubation
Authors: Yoshioka Taiyo , Kamada Fumiko , Kawazoe Naoki , Tateishi Tetsuya , Chen Guoping 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe structural changes and degradation behaviors of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) sponges were studied by incubation in phosphate buffer solution and compared with those of previously reported poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) sponge. The changes of pH, weight, molecular weight, crystallinity, and thermal properties of glass transition and melting were measured. The influence of incubation temperature on the structural change of each type of sponge was investigated in details. During incubation, the PLLA sponge showed secondary crystallization, the PCL sponge showed lamellar thickening, and the PLGA sponge showed physical aging. Depending on the type of biodegradable polymers, the incubation temperature caused different structural changes during the incubation and the structural changes influenced several degradation behaviors. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1895–1903, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effectual dispersion of carbon nanofibers in polyetherimide composites and their mechanical and tribological properties
Authors: Li Bin , Wood Weston , Baker Loren , Sui Gang , Leer Carla , Zhong Wei‐Hong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe use of proliferation of nanotechnology in commercial applications is driving requirements for minimal chemical processing and simple processes in industry. Carbon nanofiber (CNF) products possess very high purity levels without the need of purification processing before use and are in growing demand for this quality. Polyetherimide (PEI) has excellent mechanical and thermal performance, but its high viscosity makes its nanocomposites processing very challenging. In this study, a facile melt‐mixing method was used to fabricate PEI nanocomposites with as received and physically treated CNFs. The dispersion of CNFs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmitted optical microscopy, and electrometer with large‐area electrodes. The results showed that the facile and powerful melt‐mixing method is effective in homogeneously dispersing CNFs in the PEI matrix. The flexural and tribological characteristics were investigated and the formation of spatial networks of CNFs and weak interfacial bonding were considered as competitive factors to enhanced flexural properties. The composites with 1.0 wt% CNFs showed flexural strength and toughness increased by more than 50 and 550%, respectively, but showed very high wear rate comparable with that of pure PEI. The length of the CNFs also exerted great influences on both mechanical and tribological behaviors. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1914–1922, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
The role of process parameters in determining wall thickness distribution in plug‐assisted thermoforming
Authors: McCool Raurí , Martin Peter J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article describes the results of a comprehensive investigation to determine the link between process parameters and observed wall thickness output for the plug‐assisted thermoforming process. The overall objective of the work was to systematically investigate the process parameters that may be adjusted during production to control the wall thickness distribution of parts manufactured by plug‐assisted thermoforming. The parameters investigated were the sheet temperature, plug temperature, plug speed, plug displacement, plug shape, and air pressure. As well as quantifying the effects of each parameter on the wall thickness distribution, a further aim of the work was to improve the understanding of the physical mechanisms of deformation of the sheet during the different stages of the process. The process parameters shown to have the greatest effect on experimentally determined wall thickness distribution were the plug displacement, sheet temperature, plug temperature, and plug shape. It is proposed that during the plug‐assisted thermoforming of polystyrene the temperature dependent friction between the plug and sheet surface was the most important factor in determining product wall thickness distribution, whereas heat transfer was shown to play a less important role. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1923–1934, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Quorum sensing in sourdough Lactobacillus plantarum DC400: Induction of plantaricin A (PlnA) under co‐cultivation with other lactic acid bacteria and effect of PlnA on bacterial and Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Di Cagno Raffaella , De Angelis Maria , Calasso Maria , Vincentini Olimpia , Vernocchi Pamela , Ndagijimana Maurice , De Vincenzi Massimo , Dessì Maria Rita , Guerzoni Maria Elisabetta , Gobbetti Marco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis work aimed at showing the effect of pheromone plantaricin A (PlnA) by Lactobacillus plantarum DC400 towards other sourdough lactic acid bacteria and the potential of PlnA to protect the function of the human intestinal barrier. Growth and survival of sourdough lactic acid bacteria were differently affected by co‐cultivation with L. plantarum DC400. Compared to mono‐cultures, Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis DPPMA174 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 2XA3 showed growth inhibition and decreased viability when co‐cultured with L. plantarum DC400. L. sanfranciscensis DPPMA174 induced the highest synthesis of PlnA. Survival of strain DPPMA174 only slightly varied by comparing the addition of PlnA to the culture medium and the co‐cultivation with L. plantarum DC400. Compared to mono‐culture, the proteome of L. sanfranciscensis DPPMA174 grown in co‐culture with L. plantarum DC400 showed the variation of expression of 58 proteins (47 over expressed and 11 repressed). Thirty‐four of them were also over expressed or repressed during growth of DPPMA174 with PlnA. Fifty‐one of the above 58 proteins were identified. They had a central role in stress response, amino acid, energy and nucleotide metabolisms, membrane transport, regulation of transcription, and cell redox homeostasis. PlnA markedly increased the viability of human Caco‐2/TC7 cells and the transepithelial electrical resistance.
Proteomic analysis identifies in vivo candidate matrix metalloproteinase‐9 substrates in the left ventricle post‐myocardial infarction
Authors: Zamilpa Rogelio , Lopez Elizabeth F. , Chiao Ying Ann , Dai Qiuxia , Escobar Gladys P. , Hakala Kevin , Weintraub Susan T. , Lindsey Merry L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) deletion has been shown to improve remodeling of the left ventricle post‐myocardial infarction (MI), but the mechanisms to explain this improvement have not been fully elucidated. MMP‐9 has a broad range of in vitro substrates, but relevant in vivo substrates are incompletely defined. Accordingly, we evaluated the infarct regions of wild‐type (wt) and MMP‐9 null (null) mice using a proteomic strategy. Wt and null groups showed similar infarct sizes (48±3 in wt and 45±3% in null), indicating that both groups received an equal injury stimulus. Left ventricle infarct tissue was homogenized and analyzed by 2‐DE and MS. Of 31 spot intensity differences, the intensities of 9 spots were higher and 22 spots were lower in null mice compared to wt (all p<0.05). Several extracellular matrix proteins were identified in these spots by MS, including fibronectin, tenascin‐C, thrombospondin‐1, and laminin. Fibronectin was observed on the gels at a lower than expected molecular weight in the wt group, which suggested substrate cleavage, and the lower molecular weight spot was observed at lower intensity in the MMP‐9 null group, which suggested cleavage by MMP‐9. Immunoblotting confirmed the presence of fibronectin cleavage products in the wt samples and lower levels in the absence of MMP‐9. In conclusion, examining infarct tissue from wt and MMP‐9 null mice by proteomic analysis provides a powerful and unique method to identify in vivo candidate MMP substrates.
Balancing robust quantification and identification for iTRAQ: Application of UHR‐ToF MS
Authors: Ow Saw Yen , Noirel Josselin , Salim Malinda , Evans Caroline , Watson Rod , Wright Phillip. C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractiTRAQ reagents allow the simultaneous multiplex identification and quantification of a large number of proteins. Success depends on effective peptide fragmentation in order to generate both peptide sequence ions (higher mass region, 150–2200 m/z) and reporter ions (low mass region, 113–121 m/z) for protein identification and relative quantification, respectively. After collision‐induced dissociation, the key requirements to achieve a good balance between the high and low m/z ions are effective ion transmission and detection across the MS/MS mass range, since the ion transmission of the higher m/z range competes with that of the low m/z range. This study describes an analytical strategy for the implementation of iTRAQ on maXis UHR‐Qq‐ToF instruments, and discusses the impact of adjusting the MS/MS ion transmission parameters on the quality of the overall data sets. A technical discussion highlights a number of maXis‐specific parameters, their impact of quantification and identification, and their cross‐interactions.
A randomized, controlled study of Internet peer‐to‐peer interactions among women newly diagnosed with breast cancer
Authors: Salzer Mark S. , Palmer Steven C. , Kaplan Katy , Brusilovskiy Eugene , Ten Have Thomas , Hampshire Maggie , Metz James , Coyne James C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective: Peer‐to‐peer interactions are associated with enhanced psychosocial adjustment among women with breast cancer. Millions of women with cancer and others with various health conditions use the Internet to establish peer relationships, usually without professional moderation. This paper reports findings from the first randomized, controlled study of the benefits of these types of Internet‐based peer interactions.Methods: This pilot study involved seventy‐eight women who were recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to either an Internet peer support condition or Internet‐based educational control condition. Data were gathered at baseline and 4‐ and 12‐months. Primary outcomes of interest were psychological distress and quality of life.Results: Contrary to hypotheses, participants in the Internet peer support condition tended to do worse over time on primary outcome measures. There were no differences between groups on secondary outcomes of perceived social support, self‐efficacy, or hope. Paradoxically, many women in the Internet peer support condition actively participated and reported high levels of satisfaction, suggesting some self‐perceived benefits.Conclusions: These results suggest that Internet based peer‐to‐peer interactions may not necessarily be universally beneficial despite the positive experiences reported by many participants. Further research is needed to understand the magnitude of this effect with a larger sample. Moreover, these results raise questions about the need to understand the comparative effectiveness of Internet‐based communications by group structure (i.e., unstructured/structured; unmoderated/moderated) and the effect of content (i.e., expression of fear/anxiety, insightful disclosures, etc.) on outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of magnetic properties of arrays of magnetostatically coupled glass‐covered magnetic microwires
Authors: Rodionova V. , Ipatov M. , Ilyn M. , Zhukova V. , Perov N. , Gonzalez J. , Zhukov A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe have studied magnetization reversal in arrays consisting of different numbers of Co67Fe3.9Ni1.5B11.5Si14.5M1.6 and Fe74B13Si11C2 amorphous microwires with different shape of the hysteresis loops. Fe74B13Si11C2 microwires have rectangular hysteresis loops, while Co67Fe3.9Ni1.5B11.5Si14.5M1.6 with vanishing magnetostriction constant possess inclined hysteresis loops with low coercivity. The presence of a neighboring microwire (Fe‐ or Co‐based) significantly modifies the hysteresis loop of the whole microwire array. In microwire arrays containing Fe‐based microwires we observed splitting of the initially rectangular hysteresis loop with a number of Barkhausen jumps correlated with the number of Fe‐rich microwires. In arrays consisting of Co‐based microwires we observed a change of inclination of the overall hysteresis loop and consequently the magnetic anisotropy field. In the case of mixed arrays containing Fe‐ and Co‐rich microwires we were able to obtain irregular hysteresis loops with unusual shape. In this case, a considerable increase of harmonics has been observed. The observed dependences have been interpreted through magnetostatic interaction between the microwires with different magnetic–domain structures. Besides the conventional methods, such as thermal treatment, designing arrays containing different types of microwires can serve to tailor their magnetic properties.
Spectral properties of InN and its native oxide from first principles
Authors: Bechstedt F. , Fuchs F. , Furthmüller J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractElectronic single‐ and two‐particle excitations and their influence on electron, optical, and X‐ray spectra are studied byab initiomethods and discussed in the light of experiments for InN and its native oxide In2O3. The theoretical approaches are based on iterative solutions of the quasiparticle equation. The resulting gaps for InN and In2O3are close to experimental data. The total density of states (DOS) explains the XPS measurements. There is excellent agreement between site‐ and orbital‐projected DOS and X‐ray absorption spectra. The rigid shift between theory and experiment is identified as core exciton binding energy. The inclusion of excitonic effects yields optical spectra whose lineshapes are in agreement with the measured peak structure. Our computational method possesses an accuracy that allows the prediction of binding energiesEBin the meV range for Wannier–Mott excitons. For InN we predict$E_{\rm B} < 5\,{\rm meV}$. The parameter‐free methods give the energy gaps of the different In2O3polymorphs and explain the so‐called indirect gap by interconduction band transitions. The band alignment using the branch‐point energy yields band discontinuities resulting in a type‐I heterostructure.
Theoretical simulation and preparation of binary and ternary combinatorial libraries by thermal PVD
Authors: Klemm Sebastian Oliver , Martin Alistair Graeme , Lengsfeld Julia , Schauer Janine‐Christina , Schuhmacher Bernd , Hassel Achim Walter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBinary and ternary composition spread material libraries were prepared using a thermal physical vapor deposition system with three separated heating sources and adjustable chamber geometry. In this work, we present binary Cu84‐20Al16‐80 and Zn71‐8Mg29‐92 libraries as well as a ternary Cu67‐6Ag81‐13Mg66‐12 system with a thickness around 300 nm. The composition of the obtained films was determined by automated energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and the data further used to develop a mathematical model to simulate the surface. The thickness of a copper film was measured by atomic force microscopy and used to verify the theoretical model, whereas topography scans provided information on the surface roughness. The consistency between theoretical simulations and observed compositions concludes multiple source thermal co‐evaporation to be a reliable method with high variety regarding source metals and deposition rates and therefore of high value for material library fabrication.
A functional immobilization of semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots) on nanoporous aluminium oxide
Authors: Hobler Christian , Bakowsky Udo , Keusgen Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSemiconductor nanoparticles (so‐called ‘quantum dots’, QDs) are investigated for about 20 years because of their unique fluorescent and semiconductive properties. QDs were mainly used for analytical systems outside and inside a living organism. However, for most of these analytical systems, surface of QDs has to be modified. Immobilization techniques for semiconductor nanoparticles are showing wide interests within solar‐cell technologies and biosensor development. A functional inorganic/organic hybrid nanosystem could be realized by combination of an inorganic synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles with commonly used amino acid chemistry on the surface of extremely hydrophilic aluminium oxide filter membranes. 3‐Aminopropyle‐triethoxysilane (APTES), allyloxy‐trimethylsilane and Fmoc‐(S‐t‐Bu)‐cystine were used for surface modification. After cleavage of protective groups Fmoc and t‐Bu, semiconductor nanoparticles were immobilized by self‐assembly on filter surface. The immobilization can be explained according to commonly used ligand‐exchange reactions. This technique results in strongly fluorescent surfaces presenting an additional amino‐group for further functionalization. The obtained membranes are suitable for various diagnostic applications like multi‐parameter immunoassays and array applications at nanoscale.
Large scale synthesis of single crystalline tungsten nanowires with extreme aspect ratios
Authors: Hassel Achim Walter , Milenkovic Srdjan , Smith Andrew Jonathan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOne gram of tungsten nanowires – equivalent to 5 billion single wires – was produced by electrochemically processing a directionally solidified eutectic NiAl‐W alloy. Their release is realised by selective dissolution of the matrix with a yield beyond 98%. The nanowires are single crystals, homogeneous in diameter, and have extremely high aspect‐ratios (>1000!). A multitude of potential applications are feasible – including sensing, probing, and high temperature nanotechnology.
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Effect of oxygen pressure on the structure and luminescence of Eu‐doped Gd2O3 thin films
Authors: Wellenius Patrick , Smith Eric R. , Wu Pae C , Everitt Henry O. , Muth John F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEuropium‐doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) thin films were deposited on sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The effect of oxygen pressure during deposition on the structure of the thin films, investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), was correlated to photoluminescence spectra. The polycrystalline films, like the one deposited in 5 mTorr oxygen environment, were primarily monoclinic phase; however the rarer cubic phase was achieved at 50 mTorr pressure. Time‐integrated and time‐resolved photoluminescence (TIPL and TRPL) spectra of the bright 5D0 to 7F2 radiative transition revealed how the differing host material phases altered the local environment of the Eu dopants.