bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swift trust in leaders in temporary military groups
Authors: Hyllengren Peder , Larsson Gerry , Fors Maria , Sjöberg Misa , Eid Jarle , Kjellevold Olsen Olav 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe study seeks to illuminate factors that benefit, or do not benefit, the development of swift trust towards leaders in temporary military groups.Design/methodology/approachThe study group comprised 50 Norwegian cadets, 34 Norwegian military officers, 317 Swedish cadets, and 190 Swedish military officers. Data were gathered using a questionnaire which included two open‐ended questions on aspects which contribute to swift trust (and lack thereof) towards leaders, as well as Likert‐scale questions on temporary group characteristics, and a personality inventory.FindingsA qualitative clustering analysis of the open‐ended responses yielded a hierarchical model of aspects which contribute to swift trust (or the lack thereof) with the following two superior categories: individual‐related characteristics such as emotional stability and relationship‐related characteristics such as encourage involvement and creativity. The latter superior category covaried most strongly with ratings of the groups' performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe results need to be substantiated by further research in other professional groups and cultures.Practical implicationsThe findings can help leaders of temporary groups become more conscious of how they may affect the group members' development of swift trust.Originality/valueThe hierarchical and detailed model of aspects which contribute to swift trust in leaders of temporary groups is new.
Team approach, idea generation, conflict and performance
Authors: Wood Stephen , Michaelides George , Thomson Chris 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe punctuated equilibrium model of group activity and the positive task conflict‐performance relationship are prominent in the team literature; however, their respective underlying concepts, team approach and ideas‐task complexity fit have been neglected. The first aim of the paper is to introduce these concepts, show how these underlie the two theories, and how they might be linked together in a novel way. The second aim is to illustrate the value of these ideas through the use of a case study of three teams working separately on an identical software engineering project.Design/methodology/approachThe performance, conflict levels, approaches and ideas of three teams working on an identical software project are compared. The data were largely collected by observation of all the teams' meetings.FindingsThe findings show that the team approach and ideas‐task complexity fit are significant in determining performance. It is also found that ideas emerge as frequently outside of conflict as in it and that the team's approach shapes conflict, not vice versa. Though the team with the most conflict performed best, it was differences in approach and the matching of the variety of ideas (not conflict) to task complexity that was important. Conflict in the teams reflected the approach, influencing its execution more than its development.Practical implicationsThe research highlights the importance of initial meetings and the need to consider the team approach concept in teamwork training.Originality/valueThe paper re‐emphasises the significance of Gersick's conception of team approach and the importance of the level of ideas fitting the complexity of the task, which is itself shaped by the approach; the case study makes a valuable contribution as it focuses on teams conducting an identical project for a single client.
The effect of process conditions on mechanical properties of laser‐sintered nylon
Authors: Starr Thomas L. , Gornet Timothy J. , Usher John S. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the effect of process conditions on mechanical properties of laser‐sintered nylon 12 (Duraform®) and to determine the range of conditions that provide consistent mechanical performance for additive manufacturing.Design/methodology/approachTensile test specimens were fabricated over a range of well‐characterized process conditions including laser power, laser speed, scan spacing, layer thickness, build orientation, and build position. Tensile modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation‐at‐fracture were measured and related to process parameters.FindingsTensile properties are strongly related to the amount of energy deposited during scanning. Strength and modulus approach their maximum values as the energy deposited exceeds the amount needed to fully melt the applied powder. Elongation‐at‐fracture does not reach its maximum until higher energy‐melt ratio. Performance of blends with reused powder matches that of virgin powder when blend composition is adjusted to a standard melt‐flow index. The volumetric energy density and the energy‐melt ratio are useful for correlating mechanical properties with multiple process parameters and material thermal properties.Originality/valueThis work presents the most extensive data to date on mechanical properties of nylon 12 (Duraform®) as they relate to the full range of process parameters. These data show that mechanical performance correlates strongly with the volume energy density. In contrast to the area energy density (a.k.a. Andrews Number), this volumetric parameter includes the effect of varying layer thickness and can be related directly to the melting characteristics of the polymer material. Within the parameter range studied, this relationship allows adjustment of one scan parameter for improved speed or dimensional accuracy while ensuring good strength by an offsetting adjustment of another parameter. Such trade‐offs will be important in future manufacturing applications of the laser sintering process. Understanding the energy‐melt ratio provides insight into the relationship between scan conditions and the physics of powder melting and sintering, and offers a methodology to relate results at other bed temperatures and with other polymer powders.
Laminated object manufacturing of LZSA glass‐ceramics
Authors: Gomes Cynthia , Travitzky Nahum , Greil Peter , Acchar Wilson , Birol Hansu , Pedro Novaes de Oliveira Antonio , Hotza Dachamir 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to detail the fabrication of a glass‐ceramic substrate, based on the LiO2‐ZrO2‐SiO2‐Al2O3 (LZSA) system, by laminated object manufacturing (LOM) using water‐based cast tapes.Design/methodology/approachSmall amounts of ZrSiO4 were added to control the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of the original glass‐ceramic (LZSA5Zr: LZSA+5 wt% ZrSiO4). In order to verify the influence of the amount and nature of crystalline phases on the thermal and dielectric behavior of the material, LZSA and LZSA5Zr laminates were sintered at 700°C for 30 min and crystallized at either 800 or 850°C for 30 min.FindingsLZSA laminates (sintered and crystallized at 700 and 800°C, respectively) exhibited a relative density of ∼90 percent, a dielectric constant of 8.39, a dielectric loss tangent of 0.031 and TEC of 5.5×10−6 K−1 (25‐550°C). The addition of 5 wt% ZrSiO4 to original LZSA glass‐ceramics led to a nearly constant TEC value of 6×10−6 K−1 throughout the whole temperature interval (25‐800°C). Dielectric properties of LZSA5Zr did not show any remarkable change when compared to original LZSA.Originality/valueThe thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of LZSA glass‐ceramic laminates fabricated by LOM makes them potential candidates for substrate applications.
Manufacturing optimization of laminated tooling with conformal cooling channels
Authors: Ahari Hossein , Khajepour Amir , Bedi Sanjeev 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper proposes sheet thickness determination in manufacturing of laminated dies as an optimization problem. The aim of this optimization procedure is finding the best set of thicknesses which minimizes the volume deviation between actual computer‐aided design (CAD) model and assembled slices.Design/methodology/approachThis works uses a modified version of genetic algorithms for the optimization purpose. Each set of thicknesses that can cover the whole CAD model surface is considered as a chromosome. Genetic operators such as crossover and mutation have to be modified to be used in this application.FindingsA new method for finding the total volume deviation between assembled slices and the actual CAD model was developed in this research. On the other hand, the results show how the program can automate the slice plane locations search process.Research limitations/implicationsPremature convergence does not allow the algorithm to search the entire solution space before getting trapped in a local optimum. Even the mutation operator cannot postpone this untimely convergence.Practical implicationsThe proposed method is a good substitute for the manual methods that are currently used in industry. These experience‐based methods are mostly based on the decision made by a well‐trained technician on picking up the thicknesses for a specific CAD model.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt at optimizing the slicing method in laminated tooling. Other methods are mostly based on rapid prototyping (RP) and they are not applicable in the laminated tooling process since, despite RP, here not all optimization outputs can be used in practical procedure.
Support fast generation algorithm based on discrete‐marking in stereolithgraphy rapid prototyping
Authors: Bo Qian , Lichao Zhang , Yusheng Shi , Guocheng Liu 
Published: October 2011

PurposeIn stereolithgraphy rapid prototyping, the support can constrain the model deformation and avoid a lot of problems such as collapse, shift, and imbalance of the model. The support automatic generation algorithm has become the key research of rapid prototyping technics software; however, presently the efficiency of support automatic generation algorithm is low, and its algorithm is complex. Thus, it is of great importance in improving the overall efficiency of rapid prototyping technics software through enhancing the support generation efficiency. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachBased on this, this paper proposes a discrete‐marking support algorithm for treatment of processing on manufactured part model of all triangle‐based discrete‐marking on the support plane, which realizes the three‐dimensional computation of intersection for each line associated with the triangle automatically, and avoid invalid computation between all the support lines and other triangles.FindingsThe algorithm efficiency has reached O(n). Meanwhile, the technics support generation speed has been improved. Furthermore, the new mesh discrete‐marking and automatic support generation algorithm has been successfully applied to the sterolithography apparatus and selective laser melting of HRPS series.Practical implicationsPractical application indicates that the new support generation algorithm based on discrete‐marking considerably improves the support technics efficiency and stereolithgraphy rapid prototyping efficiency of the technics software.Originality/valueThe research presents a Noval support fast generation algorithm based on discrete‐marking in stereolithgraphy rapid prototyping.
The role of educational diversity in investor relations
Authors: Hoffmann Arvid O.I. , Tutic Aida , Wies Simone 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show the role of educational diversity in improving investor relations (IR) quality and examine how this impacts the number of shareholder activism incidents a firm encounters.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews literature on marketing, finance, and corporate communications to develop a conceptual framework which is tested using a combination of secondary data and primary data collected through a survey amongst IR professionals working at companies in the Euronext 100 stock index.FindingsThe empirical results support the conceptual framework, showing higher IR quality levels and lower shareholder activism intensity for companies with educationally diverse IR teams. In particular, the presence of marketing and communication experts in IR teams contributes to higher IR quality and lower shareholder activism.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research may investigate the robustness of the results with larger and internationally diversified samples and examine how, besides educational diversity, other organizational arrangements through which finance professionals work together with marketing and communication professionals impact IR quality.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that to improve their IR quality and minimize shareholder activism, companies should check and when necessary increase the educational diversity of their IR teams.Originality/valueThis is the first paper investigating the role of educational diversity on IR quality and the impact on shareholder activism, developing and testing an innovative conceptual framework that integrates marketing, finance, and corporate communication theory.
Executive positions involved in white‐collar crime
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an empirical study of white‐collar crime in business organisations, to create insights into perceptions of potential offenders.Design/methodology/approachA survey instrument was developed and submitted electronically to the chief financial officers of the 500 largest business organisations in Norway.FindingsThe study identified financial misconduct by chief executive officers in the company as the crime associated with the most serious consequence for the company. However, a person in a purchasing and procurement function is assumed to be the most likely involved in and vulnerable to white‐collar crime.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a survey approach that does not reflect actual crime.Practical implicationsBoth control mechanisms and ethics are needed to prevent and detect white‐collar crime.Social implicationsNo executive should be left alone to handle business matters that can benefit himself/herself. Rather, the four eyes principle should always be applied.Originality/valueThe paper provides statistical evidence that top‐level executives are involved in financial crime.
Underground banking or hawala and Greece‐Albania remittance corridor
Authors: Liargovas Panagiotis , Repousis Spyridon 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study underground banking between Greece and Albania and provide policy makers with specific policy recommendations to reduce hawala, reduce remittances commissions and improve access of banking services to both remittance senders in Greece and beneficiaries in Albania.Design/methodology/approachThe authors measure loans to customers (non‐banks), total assets and net revenues from commissions, including remittances commissions, of a sample of 26 Greek commercial banks during 1996‐2004 and examine recent remittances commissions of the four largest Greek commercial banks and the Greek Postal Office.FindingsResults indicate that Greek commercial banks charge less for remittances services than Western Union, Eurogiro and hawala banking, although remittances are not a core business for them (loans to customers – non‐banks – are their core business).Practical implicationsPractical solutions are: lowering remittances commissions to Greek Postal Office for low amount remittances; raising awareness of migrants on benefits of access to formal banking system; implementing bilateral initiatives between Greece and Albania; facilitating development of transfer mechanisms for remittances; promoting economic activities; increasing transparency and offering insurance for remittances; and make it compulsory for employers to pay legal and documented Albanian workers through migrant bank accounts. Also, Albania could support the growth of ATMs networks, to increase access of people to more areas even to rural areas, where remittance‐recipient households receive most of remittances. On the other hand, Albania, could find alternative sources to finance current account deficits, due to a possible future reduction of remittances inflows.Originality/valueThe paper presents an explanation about low access of Albanian migrants in Greece to remittances services offered by the banking system and suggests the implementation of specific policies to banks and alternative formal money remittance service providers.
The role of commercial banks in combating money laundering
Authors: Simwayi Musonda , Guohua Wang 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the role of commercial banks in combating money laundering in the People's Republic of China (PRC). An effective anti‐money laundering (AML) regime within the banking sector can make a significant contribution to the fight against money laundering both nationally and internationally.Design/methodology/approachAn assessment based on the AML law of China, rules and regulations issued by the People's Bank of China (PBOC) was conducted on commercial banks in Xichang City. A questionnaire and guided oral interviews were employed to collect data for the study.FindingsThe study found that all the five banks that responded to the questionnaire have, for the period 2006‐2010, not been assessed by the PBOC, despite being independently audited by external auditors. All banks have AML policies and procedures in place, have designated a compliance officer for AML activities and trained their employees.Research limitations/implicationsOnly five banks responded to the questionnaire as most of them were not willing to release information on their AML activities, for various reasons. This raises the question of generalizing the findings of the current study.Originality/valueThe paper shows the extent to which AML rules and regulations have been embraced and implemented by commercial banks at a micro level. It is envisaged that the findings of this study will encourage similar studies in other cities of the PRC and help policy makers, especially at the PBOC, to re‐align their strategies in line with what is obtaining on the ground.
Terrorism financing and the threat to financial institutions
Authors: Simser Jeffrey 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore countering the financing of terrorism and its impact on financial institutions.Design/methodology/approachActual examples of terrorist financing are considered, as well as the international and Canadian framework for financial institutions.FindingsThe system for countering the financing of terrorism can be improved to lower costs and risks to financial institutions and to enhance actionable intelligence. A balance must be sought between the objective, actionable intelligence and the mechanism used to advance that objective.Research limitations/implicationsThere is limited research on terrorism financing and little statistical data.Practical implicationsSome simple and modest reforms to the framework are suggested; policy makers need to consider their goals and revaluate the existing framework.Originality/valueThere is little writing in this area. This paper would be of interest to financial institutions, regulators, law enforcement and the intelligence community.
Training, knowledge and confidence in safeguarding adults: results from a postal survey of the health and social care sector in a single county
Authors: Pike Lindsey , Gilbert Tony , Leverton Corinne , Indge Roger , Ford Deirdre 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between safeguarding adults training, staff knowledge and confidence.Design/methodology/approachA total of 647 responses from a cross sectional postal sample survey of the health and social care sector in Cornwall, were analysed.FindingsDifferences in knowledge and confidence around safeguarding were observed between staff groups and agencies. Training contributed to an approximately 20 per cent increase in knowledge and a ceiling effect was noted. Confidence linked knowledge and action. More confident staff offered more sophisticated responses regarding improving safeguarding processes.Research limitations/implicationsLow response rates and the specific context limit generalisability. Knowledge and confidence measures were simplistic. Further research is needed on the mechanism of action by which safeguarding adults training is effective.Practical implicationsSafeguarding adults training and a targeted approach to the analysis of learning needs should be debated in the context of training transfer. Training should be evaluated to ascertain its effectiveness.Originality/valueThis is the first major multi‐agency UK survey of its kind. Findings provide a baseline for further research.
Improving patients' satisfaction through more effective utilization of operating rooms resources
Authors: Ferreira José , Gomes Carlos , Yasin Mahmoud 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to present an applied research effort aimed at re‐engineering the utilization practices of operating rooms for a public Portuguese hospital. This re‐engineering effort is motivated by the desire to enhance the patient‐orientation of the hospital. The role of information systems in facilitating such organizational change is also to be examined.Design/methodology/approachActual data are used to simulate outcomes of three different operational scenarios related to the utilization of operating rooms and surgical teams. As such, the critical constraint related to surgical capacity is relaxed under different utilization scenarios.FindingsBased on the findings of the study, it appears that there is no conflict between operational efficiency and patient satisfaction. Well‐designed operational changes can lead to both efficiency and patient satisfaction benefits. This, in turn, can translate into competitive strategic advantage for the hospital.Research limitations/implicationsThe simulation results derived from this applied research are positive. In general, they tend to point to potential operational and strategic benefits to the hospital and its patients. Although the simulation model used in this study was validated using actual data, more research is needed to test its general applicability. Such research should shed more light on the interrelationships which exist within the hospital operating system.Practical implicationsThe approach advocated in this research has operational and strategic relevance to healthcare policy makers and hospitals' administrators. In this context, the role of the information systems in providing information relevant to tracking and improving a hospital's performance is emphasized.Originality/valueThe paper presents a practical, applied, systematic approach toward enhancing operational effectiveness in healthcare organizations. It draws on bodies of knowledge pretending to system theory, simulation and operations management in order to improve the short‐term performance of hospitals.