bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning in Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Lundin Robert M. , Falcao Veronica Podence , Kannangara Savani , Eakin Charles W. , Abdar Moloud , O'Neill John , Khosravi Abbas , Eyre Harris , Nahavandi Saeid , Loo Colleen , Berk Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite years of research, we are still not able to reliably predict who might benefit from electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment. As we exhaust what is possible using traditional statistical analysis, ECT remains a good candidate for machine learning approaches due to the large data sets with data captured through electroencephalography (EEG) and other objective measures. A systematic review of 6 databases led to the full-text examination of 26 articles using machine learning approaches in examining data predicting response to ECT treatment. The identified articles used a wide variety of data types covering structural and functional imaging data (n = 15), clinical data (n = 5), a combination of clinical and imaging data (n = 2), EEG (n = 3), and social media posts (n = 1). The clinical indications in which response prediction was assessed were depression (n = 21) and psychosis (n = 4). Changes in multiple anatomical regions in the brain were identified as holding a predictive value for response to ECT. These primarily centered on the limbic system and associated networks. Clinical features predicting good response to ECT in depression included shorter duration, lower severity, higher medication dose, psychotic features, low cortisol levels, and positive family history. It has also been possible to predict the likelihood of relapse of readmission with psychosis after ECT treatment, including a better response if higher transfer entropy was calculated from EEG signals. A transdisciplinary approach with an international consortium collecting a wide range of retrospective and prospective data may help to refine and extend these outcomes and translate them into clinical practice.
Long-term potentiation: 50 years on: past, present and future
Authors: Abraham W. C. , Bliss T. V. P. , Collingridge G. L. , Morris R. G. M. 
Published: June 2024

We introduce and summarize reviews and research papers by speakers at a discussion meeting on ‘Long-term potentiation: 50 years on’ held at the Royal Society, London, on 20–21 November 2023. The meeting followed earlier discussion meetings marking the 30th and 40th anniversaries of the discovery of long-term potentiation. These new contributions give an overview of current research and controversies in a vibrant branch of neuroscience with important implications for our understanding of the neurobiological basis of many forms of learning and memory and a wide spectrum of neurological and cognitive disorders.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
GABA production induced by imipridones is a targetable and imageable metabolic alteration in diffuse midline gliomas
Authors: Batsios Georgios , Udutha Suresh , Taglang Céline , Gillespie Anne Marie , Lau Benison , Ji Sunjong , Phoenix Timothy , Mueller Sabine , Venneti Sriram , Koschmann Carl , Viswanath Pavithra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are lethal primary brain tumors in children. The imipridones ONC201 and ONC206 induce mitochondrial dysfunction and have emerged as promising therapies for DMG patients. However, efficacy as monotherapy is limited, identifying a need for strategies that enhance response. Another hurdle is the lack of biomarkers that report on drug-target engagement at an early timepoint after treatment onset. Here, using1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which is a non-invasive method of quantifying metabolite pool sizes, we show that accumulation of ψ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an early metabolic biomarker that can be detected within a week of ONC206 treatment, when anatomical alterations are absent, in mice bearing orthotopic xenografts. Mechanistically, imipridones activate the mitochondrial protease ClpP and upregulate the stress-responsive transcription factor ATF4. ATF4, in turn, upregulates glutamate decarboxylase, which synthesizes GABA, and downregulatesABAT, which degrades GABA, leading to GABA accumulation in DMG cells and tumors. Functionally, GABA secreted by imipridone-treated cells acts in an autocrine manner via the GABAB receptor to induce expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which mitigates imipridone-induced oxidative stress and, thereby, curbs apoptosis. Importantly, blocking autocrine GABA signaling using the clinical stage GABAB receptor antagonist SGS-742 exacerbates oxidative stress and synergistically induces apoptosis in combination with imipridones in DMG cells and orthotopic tumor xenografts. Collectively, we identify GABA as a unique metabolic adaptation to imipridones that can be leveraged for non-invasive assessment of drug-target engagement and therapy. Clinical translation of our studies has the potential to enable precision metabolic therapy and imaging for DMG patients.One Sentence SummaryImipridones induce GABA accumulation in diffuse midline gliomas, an effect that can be leveraged for therapy and non-invasive imaging.
Optical sectioning for reflection interference microscopy: quantitative imaging at soft interfaces
Authors: Ventalon Cathie , Kirichuk Oksana , Navon Yotam , Chastagnier Yan , Heux Laurent , Richter Ralf P. , Bureau Lionel , Débarre Delphine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReflection Interference Contrast Microscopy (RICM, also known as interference reflection microscopy) and related techniques have become of wide interest to the biophysical, soft matter and biochemistry communities owing to their exquisite sensitivity for characterising thin films or individual nanoscopic objects adsorbed onto surfaces, or for monitoring cell-substrate interactions. Over the recent years, striking progresses have been made to improve the sensitivity and the quantitative analysis of RICM. Its use in more complex environments, with spurious reflections stemming from a variety of structures in the sample, remains however challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate two optical sectioning methods that effectively reduce such background and can be readily implemented in a conventional RICM setup: line confocal detection, and structured illumination microscopy. We characterise experimentally the benefits to image quality and demonstrate the use of the methods for quantitative imaging of complex biological and biomimetic samples: cellular membranes, thin organic films, surface biofunctionalization. We then discuss the benefits of each method and provide guidelines to arbitrate between sectioning and signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, we provide a detailed description of our experimental setup and a home-written image acquisition and processing software that should allow the interested reader to duplicate such a setup on a home-built or commercial microscope.
Detecting predicted cancer-testis antigens in proteomics datasets of healthy and tumoral samples
Authors: Tabosa Machado Karla Cristina , Da Silva Fiúza Tayná , De Souza Sandro José , De Souza Gustavo Antônio 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBiomarkers are molecular markers found in clinical samples which may aid disease diagnosis or prognosis. High-throughput techniques allow prospecting for such signature molecules by comparing gene expression between normal and sick cells. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are promising candidates for cancer biomarkers due to their limited expression to the testis in normal conditions versus their aberrant expression in various tumors. CTAs are routinely identified by transcriptomics, but a comprehensive characterization of their protein levels in different tissues is still necessary. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics allows the characterization of many cellular types and the production of large amounts of data while computational tools allow the comparison of multiple datasets, and together those may corroborate insights obtained at the transcriptomic level. Here a computational meta-analysis explores the CTAs protein abundance in the proteomic layer of healthy and tumor tissues. The combined datasets present the expression patterns of 17,200 unique proteins, including 241 known CTAs previously described at the transcriptomic level. Those were further ranked as significantly enriched in tumor tissues (22 proteins), exclusive to tumor tissues (42 proteins) or abundant in healthy tissues (32 proteins). This analysis illustrates the possibilities for tumor proteome characterization and the consequent identification of biomarker candidates and/or therapeutic targets.
Internal consistency and concurrent validity of the Peruvian Infant Development Scale tool in high-altitude rural Andean Peru
Authors: Nuño Néstor , Mäusezahl Daniel , McCoy Dana , Hartinger Stella María 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring the developmental status of children living in low- and middle-income countries is a major challenge. The Peruvian Infant Development Scale (ESDI) is a screening instrument used for children under 36 months of age. The ESDI has been validated in Peru, but its psychometric properties have not been yet compared with international instruments.MethodsIn rural Andean Peru, we compared ESDI scores with those of the Bayley Scales of Infant Toddler Development (BSID) to investigate the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the ESDI. Internal consistency was assessed using standardised Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (α) and item-test correlations. We examined the concurrent validity of cognitive, motor, and communication domains using Pearson correlations (r) and bootstrapping methods in children aged 19-30 months and 31-36 months. We also examined the relationship between the developmental domains, maternal education, and household wealth.ResultsWe compared information from 167 children. Internal consistency and reliability were acceptable for both the ESDI (α=0.75; item-test: 0.68-0.85) and the BSID (α=0.91; item-test: 0.82-0.90). In children aged 19-30 months, we found weak correlations for the cognitive (r=0.04;p>0.05) and motor (r=-0.04-0.11;p>0.05) domains, and moderate-to-strong correlations for the communication domain (r=0.42-0.57;p<0.05). At 31-36 months of age, we found moderate correlations for the cognitive (r=0.46;p<0.05) and communication (r=0.37-0.44;p<0.05) domains, and weak-to-moderate correlations for the motor domain (r=0.22-0.31;p<0.05). The ESDI and BSID domains were equally correlated with maternal education and household wealth.ConclusionsThe ESDI is a useful instrument for assessing the developmental status of children, especially those over 30 months of age. Due to its free cost, short duration, and simple administration, the ESDI is suitable for resource-poor settings in Peru. The ESDI can be strategically scaled through the Peruvian ECD programmeCuna Mas, so that this intervention can be adequately monitored in a cost-effective manner.
Loss of neuronal lysosomal acid lipase drives amyloid pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Barnett Alexandra M , Dawkins Lamar , Zou Jian , McNair Elizabeth , Nikolova Viktoriya D , Moy Sheryl S , Sutherland Greg T , Stevens Julia , Colie Meagan , Katemboh Kemi , Kellner Hope , Damian Corina , DeCastro Sagan , Vetreno Ryan P , Coleman Leon G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderlying drivers of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) pathology remain unknown. However, multiple biologically diverse risk factors share a common pathological progression. To identify convergent molecular abnormalities that drive LOAD pathogenesis we compared two common midlife risk factors for LOAD, heavy alcohol use and obesity. This revealed that disrupted lipophagy is an underlying cause of LOAD pathogenesis. Both exposures reduced lysosomal flux, with a loss of neuronal lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). This resulted in neuronal lysosomal lipid (NLL) accumulation, which opposed Aβ localization to lysosomes. Neuronal LAL loss both preceded (with aging) and promoted (targeted knockdown) Aβ pathology and cognitive deficits in AD mice. The addition of recombinant LALex vivoand neuronal LAL overexpressionin vivoprevented amyloid increases and improved cognition. In WT mice, neuronal LAL declined with aging and correlated negatively with entorhinal Aβ. In healthy human brain, LAL also declined with age, suggesting this contributes to the age-related vulnerability for AD. In human LOAD LAL was further reduced, correlated negatively with Aβ1-42, and occurred with polymerase pausing at the LAL gene. Together, this finds that the loss of neuronal LAL promotes NLL accumulation to impede degradation of Aβ in neuronal lysosomes to drive AD amyloid pathology.SummaryCellular and molecular drivers of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) are unknown, though several risk factors account for the majority of disease incidence1–5. Though diverse in their biological natures, each of these risk exposures converge on a shared pathological progression with the accumulation of amyloid early in the disease. Human genetic and transcriptomic studies suggest a role for altered lipid metabolism6–9, though the mechanism has been unknown. Here, using two common midlife risk exposures for LOAD, we found that dysfunctional lipophagy caused by the loss of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) promotes early LOAD pathogenesis. Both midlife obesity and heavy alcohol reduced neuronal LAL, causing an increase in neuronal lysosomal lipid, and a subsequent accumulation of Aβ in the extra-lysosomal cytosol. This loss of LAL preceded and promoted Aβ pathology and cognitive deficits in AD mice. The addition of recombinant LALex vivoand neuronal LAL overexpressionin vivoprevented increases in amyloid and improved cognition. In human brain, LAL declined with age in healthy subjects, similar to rodents, showing robust losses in LOAD subjects with polymerase pausing. Together, this implicates neuronal LAL loss in LOAD pathogenesis and presents LAL as a promising diagnostic, preventative, and/or therapeutic target for AD.
Selective inflammation of the tumor microenvironment and invigorated T cell-mediated tumor control upon induced systemic inactivation of TREX1
Authors: Marinkovic Emilija , Chen Minyi , Schubert Nadja , Dar Elif Dogan , Leung Janet Y. , Lohre Jack , Sahni Jennifer M. , Tun Christine , Rajeswaran Pavithra , Mehlo-Jensen Tanja , Perng Olivia , Hill C. Mark , Sivakumar Pallavur , Barnes Michael , Malik Rohit , Behrendt Rayk , Roers Axel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTherapeutic innate immune stimulation within the tumor microenvironment can potentiate endogenous antitumor T cell immunity. DNase 3’-repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) is essential for cellular DNA disposal which prevents autoimmunity ensuing from cGAS/STING activation by endogenous DNA. Optimal strategies to therapeutically leverage cGAS/STING signalling for cancer therapy are highly sought after. TREX1-deficient tumor cells elicit enhanced protective immunity in syngeneic models. Here we show that induced inactivation of theTrex1gene in (non-malignant) host cells is well tolerated and yields improved type I IFN- and T cell-dependent control of established TREX1-competent tumors with selective immune cell infiltration of tumor, but not other tissues. Intra-tumoral T cell proliferation and numbers of effector and effector-like ‘exhausted’ cells massively increased, enabling complete rejection in synergy with checkpoint inhibition. We conclude that systemic TREX1 inhibition is a promising approach to boost anti-tumor immunity, that can overcome immune evasion by cancer cell- intrinsic cGAS/STING inactivation.
Statistical batch-aware embedded integration, dimension reduction and alignment for spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Li Yanfang , Zhang Shihua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies provide richer insights into the molecular characteristics of cells by simultaneously measuring gene expression profiles and their relative locations. However, each slice can only contain limited biological variation, and since there are almost always non-negligible batch effects across different slices, integrating numerous slices to account for batch effects and locations is not straightforward. Here, we propose a hierar-chical hidden Markov random field model STADIA to reduce batch effects, extract common biological patterns across multiple ST slices, and simultaneously identify spatial domains. We demonstrate the effectiveness of STADIA using five datasets from different species (human and mouse), various organs (brain, skin, and liver), and diverse platforms (10x Visium, ST, and Slice-seqV2). STADIA can capture common tissue structures across multiple slices and preserve slice-specific biological signals. In addition, STADIA outperforms the other three competing methods (PRECAST, fastMNN and Harmony) in terms of the balance between batch mixing and spatial domain identification.
Dynamics of heavy flavor in a weakly magnetized hot QCD medium
Authors: Dey Debarshi , Patra Binoy Krishna 
Published: June 2024

We obtain the spatial and momentum-diffusion coefficients (Ds and κ) and the collisional energy loss (dE/dx) of a heavy quark (HQ) traversing through a thermal medium of quarks and gluons in a weak magnetic field (B), for the two cases of the HQ moving either parallel or perpendicular to B. For that purpose, we consider Coulomb scatterings (t-channel) of the HQ with the light quarks, obtained from the imaginary part of the HQ self-energy via the cutting rules. Both the normalized (by T3) κ, and dE/dx, for charm quarks are larger than that for bottom quarks due to the larger mass of the latter. Also, the effect of B is more feeble on the bottom quark, compared to the charm quark. Comparatively, the magnitudes of both κ and dE/dx are significantly smaller for the case of v⊥B. For both the cases, our results show that the momentum transfer between the HQ and the medium takes place preferentially along the direction of HQ velocity, thus leading to a significant increase in the momentum-diffusion anisotropy, compared to B=0. We also calculate the (scaled) spatial diffusion coefficient, which we find to be independent of the heavy flavor mass and is almost unaffected by changes in B.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Photon superfluidity through dissipation
Authors: Keijsers G. , Ham T. , Geng Z. , Peters K. J. H. , Wouters M. , Rodriguez S. R. K. 
Published: June 2024

Superfluidity—frictionless flow—has been observed in various physical systems such as liquid helium, cold atoms, and exciton polaritons. Superfluidity is usually realized by cooling and suppressing all dissipation. Here we challenge this paradigm by demonstrating signatures of superfluidity, enabled by dissipation, in the flow of light within a room-temperature oil-filled cavity. Dissipation in the oil mediates effective photon-photon interactions which are noninstantaneous and nonlocal. Such interactions were expected to severely limit the emergence of superfluidity in conservative photonic systems. Surprisingly, when launching a photon fluid with sufficiently high density and low velocity against an obstacle in our driven-dissipative cavity, we observe a record suppression of backscattering. Our experiments also reveal the reorganization dynamics of photons into a nonscattering steady state and a qualitatively changing behavior of the optical phase as light propagates around the obstacle. The phase is locked between the laser and the obstacle but evolves with the intensity in the wake of the obstacle where the density of the photon fluid and its mean-field interaction energy decrease. Using a generalized Gross–Pitaevskii equation for photons coupled to a thermal field, we model our experiments and elucidate how the noninstantaneous and nonlocal character of interactions influences the suppression of scattering associated with superfluidity. Beyond providing the first signatures of cavity photon superfluidity, and of any superfluid both at room temperature and in steady state, our results pave the way for probing photon hydrodynamics in arbitrary potential landscapes using structured mirrors.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
iGeneration well-being in the workforce: a conceptual model of materialism and social comparison
Authors: Billiot Theresa 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This conceptual article applies Festinger’s (1954) social comparison theory (SCT) within a materialism and social media environment to assist organizations with improving the well-being among iGeneration employees. By identifying SCT, this article proposes a conceptual model based on how iGeneration engages in upward and downward comparisons and how these comparisons influence materialistic consumption. Rather than altering human behavior, this article addresses how organizations can tap into their employees’ natural field of play and advantageously leverage these innate traits.

Design/methodology/approach
This article illustrates path analyses to elevate the iGeneration’s well-being through the following: exposing themselves to materialism via social media, comparing themselves among similar and dissimilar people, and possessing materialistic items to set themselves apart. This article then provides future research.

Findings
This study reveals how organizations can harness SCT within a materialistic and social media landscape to improve employee well-being.

Implications
This theoretical model helps to develop organizational well-being strategies to produce lower employee turnover and higher productivity.

Originality/value
This article contributes to academic research by providing a theoretical model based on natural social media behavior and materialism.
The strategy of differential pricing and network utilization: evidence from India’s telecommunications sector
Authors: Sengupta Tapas , Datta Chaudhuri Dipayan 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The network capacity deployed to manage the busy hour (or peak-hour) traffic remains underused during the nonbusy (off-peak) hours. Transferring some traffic from peak-hour to off-peak hours is likely to improve the utilization of network resources during the off-peak hours. This paper aims to examine whether diverting traffic from peak-hour to off-peak hours is possible by adopting the differential pricing policy.

Design/methodology/approach
The peak-load pricing theory suggests that the policy of differential pricing is socially optimal when there is peak demand for a particular duration and then there is off-peak demand. In this study, hourly traffic data from both peak and off-peak periods were collected from the Indian telecom service provider, “Aircel.” The paper analyzed the disparity in traffic between peak and off-peak hours using the nonparametric Tukey’s test. An experiment was also conducted to analyze whether a significant shift in telecom traffic occurs from the peak to the off-peak period when a price discount is applied during the off-peak period.

Findings
Statistically significant differences were observed in network traffic between peak-hour and off-peak hours. The network utilization of the telecom service provider Aircel was notably lower, particularly during the off-peak hours. The experiment demonstrated a high degree of price sensitivity among telecom service subscribers. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has not considered network utilization of telecom service providers as a key performance indicator. Based on the outcomes of the study, this paper recommends that TRAI should adopt a more proactive approach by encouraging telecom service providers to follow the policy of differential pricing to enhance utilization of their network capacity.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to explore the issue of pricing as a tool for bringing about more uniform movement of telecom traffic, thereby enhancing network utilization within India’s telecommunications sector.