bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“What do you say to them?” investigating and supporting the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and questioning (LGBTQ) young people
Authors: Sherriff Nigel S. , Hamilton Wook E. , Wigmore Shelby , Giambrone Broden L.B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study explores the experiences and support needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning (LGBTQ) young people living in Sussex (UK), and the training needs of practitioners working with LGBTQ young people. The aims were to explore the experiences of young people including bullying, “coming out,” social service and educational needs, and to investigate how practitioners view the needs of LGBTQ young people. Twenty‐nine interviews were conducted and analyzed thematically. Participants stressed the social and health impact of discrimination and bullying on young people as well as barriers faced in accessing services. Young people require support, yet practitioners lack the training to provide that support. Practitioners are open to this training and both groups of participants believe effective training should include youth in the development and delivery. There is an urgent need for the development of appropriate and dedicated LGBTQ youth training for all practitioners working with young people. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treating alcohol withdrawal with oral baclofen: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Lyon Jeffrey E. , Khan Raza A. , Gessert Charles E. , Larson Pamela M. , Renier Colleen M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Abrupt cessation of alcohol intake causes habituated drinkers to experience symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS).OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐B agonist baclofen on the course of acute symptomatic AWS.DESIGN:Prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study.SETTING:Two tertiary‐care hospitals in Duluth, Minnesota.PATIENTS:Inpatient adults admitted for any reason (including AWS) judged to be at high risk for AWS.INTERVENTION:Inpatients who developed symptoms of AWS received symptom‐triggered benzodiazepine treatment using lorazepam by standard protocol, and were randomized to receive baclofen 10 mg or placebo, 3 times per day, orally.MEASUREMENTS:AWS severity was assessed using the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, Revised (CIWA‐Ar); lorazepam dose was monitored.RESULTS:Seventy‐nine subjects were enrolled. The 44 subjects who developed symptoms of AWS were randomized to baclofen or placebo. Thirty‐one subjects (18 baclofen, 13 placebo) completed 72 hours of assessments, either entirely as inpatients or with outpatient follow‐up. The need for high doses of benzodiazepines (20 mg or more of lorazepam over 72 hours) to control AWS was less likely in the baclofen treatment group (1 of 18) than in the placebo‐treated group (7 of 13) (P = 0.004).CONCLUSIONS:We found that the use of baclofen was associated with a significant reduction in the use of high doses of benzodiazepine (lorazepam) in the management of symptomatic AWS. The use of low‐dose baclofen in the management of AWS deserves further study, as reduced dependence on high‐dose benzodiazepines in AWS management could improve patient safety. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:474–479. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Disaster recovery: Mitigating loss through documentation
Authors: Boisvert Sue 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFlood, fire, tornado, hurricane. Whatever the cause, natural or man‐made, the result on an organization can be devastating. Planning and preparation for disaster must include significant attention to disaster recovery. The ability to produce documentation of what existed, what was damaged, recovery costs and income losses will be essential to the claims adjustment process. This article discusses strategies for creating a historical record, leveraging contemporaneous incident command documentation and working with contractors to identify and record disaster‐related expenses.
Pediatrics: A unique and volatile risk
Authors: Greve Paul 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPediatric risk is both unique and volatile. Children are more vulnerable when treated in any healthcare environment, but especially in the acute care setting. Children with chronic healthcare conditions are more challenging to treat and more susceptible to medical errors. Despite marked improvement in the national medical malpractice environment, the most volatile claims involve severely injured patients under age eighteen and especially those patients in the first year of life.This article provides the context of pediatric care in reviewing the demographics of children and the healthcare delivery system. The unique factors of pediatric care that create increased risk are also reviewed. Low frequency/high severity claims involving children are discussed in detail as well as physician claims in the specialty of general pediatrics. Risk management solutions for pediatric issues are proposed.
Predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: Diffusion‐weighted 3 tesla MR imaging
Authors: Jung Se Hee , Heo Suk Hee , Kim Jin Woong , Jeong Yong Yeon , Shin Sang Soo , Soung Min‐Gyu , Kim Heong Rok , Kang Heoung Keun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the efficacy of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) on 3 Tesla (T) MR imaging to predict the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.Materials and Methods:Thirty‐five patients who underwent neoadjuvant CRT and subsequent surgical resection were included. Tumor volume was measured on T2‐weighted MR images before and after neoadjuvant CRT and the percentage of tumor volume reduction was calculated. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value was measured on the DWI before and after neoadjuvant CRT, and the change of ADC (Δ ADC) was calculated. The histopathologic response was categorized either as a responder to CRT or as a nonresponder. The relationship between the ADC parameters and the percentage of tumor volume reduction or histopathologic response was then evaluated.Results:There was a significant correlation between tumor volume reduction and pre‐CRT ADC and Δ ADC, respectively (r = −0.352, r = 0.615). Pre‐CRT ADC of the histopathologic responders was significantly lower than that of the histopathologic nonresponders (P = 0.034). Δ ADC of the histopathologic responders was significantly higher than that of the histopathologic nonresponders (P < 0.005).Conclusion:DWI on 3T MR imaging may be a promising technique for helping to predict and monitor the treatment response to neoadjuvant CRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:110‐116. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early (72‐Hour) detection of radiotherapy‐induced changes in an experimental tumor model using diffusion‐weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and Q‐space imaging parameters: A comparative study
Authors: Peeters Frank , Rommel Denis , Abarca‐Quinones Jorge , Grégoire Vincent , Duprez Thierry 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To assess and compare the potential of various diffusion‐related magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters to detect early radiotherapy (RT)‐induced changes in tumors.Materials and Methods:Nineteen tumors in a rat model were imaged on a clinical 3T system before and 72 hours after a single RT session. Diffusion imaging was performed using an echo planar sequence containing 16 b‐factors and six gradient directions. This allowed us to perform a tensor analysis of mono‐ and biexponential decays and a q‐space analysis. Parametric maps (both trace and fractional anisotropy) were reconstructed for: 2‐point apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), 16‐point ADC, biexponential amplitudes and ADCs, and height, width, and kurtosis of the probability density function (PDF). A texture analysis yielded quantities such as average and contrast. The sensitivity of diffusion‐related parameters was quantified in terms of the mean relative difference (when comparing pre‐ and post‐RT status).Results:Traces and anisotropies display differences in response to RT. Average traces are most sensitive for ADCs and kurtosis. Average anisotropies are all very sensitive except the slow biexponential component. The best contrast (traces) was found for the ADCs and the width of the PDF.Conclusion:ADC performed well, but high b‐values analysis added extra sensitive parameters for monitoring early RT‐induced changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;409‐417. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population viability analysis to identify management priorities for reintroduced Elk in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee
Authors: Kindall Jason L. , Muller Lisa I. , Clark Joseph D. , Lupardus Jason L. , Murrow Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe used an individual‐based population model to perform a viability analysis to simulate population growth (λ) of 167 elk (Cervus elaphus manitobensis; 71 male and 96 female) released in the Cumberland Mountains, Tennessee, to estimate sustainability (i.e.,λ > 1.0) and identify the most appropriate options for managing elk restoration. We transported elk from Elk Island National Park, Alberta, Canada, and from Land Between the Lakes, Kentucky, and reintroduced them beginning in December 2000 and ending in February 2003. We estimated annual survival rates for 156 radio‐collared elk from December 2000 until November 2004. We used data from a nearby elk herd in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to simulate pessimistic and optimistic recruitment and performed population viability analyses to evaluate sustainability over a 25‐year period. Annual survival averaged 0.799 (Total SE = 0.023). The primary identifiable sources of mortality were poaching, disease from meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis), and accidents (environmental causes and unintentional harvest). Population growth given pessimistic recruitment rates averaged 0.895 over 25 years (0.955 in year 1 to 0.880 in year 25); population growth was not sustainable in 100% of the runs. With the most optimistic estimates of recruitment, meanλincreased to 0.967 (1.038 in year 1 to 0.956 in year 25) with 99.6% of the runs failing to be sustainable. We suggest that further translocation efforts to increase herd size will be ineffective unless survival rates are increased in the Cumberland Mountains. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis of N‐butylphthalimide catalyzed by quaternary phosphonium salt‐type triphase catalysts based on cross‐linked polystyrene microspheres
Authors: Gao Baojiao , Wang Lin , Du Ruikui , Li Yanbin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractChloroacylation reactions of cross‐linked polystyrene (CPS) microspheres were conducted with two kinds of ω‐chloroacyl chlorides, chloroacetyl chloride, and 4‐chlorobutyryl chloride as reagent, respectively, and the chloromethylation reaction of CPS microspheres was also performed using 1,4‐bis (chloromethoxy) butane as reagent, obtaining three kinds of modified CPS microspheres on which the exchangeable chlorine atoms were introduced. Subsequently, the reactions of these modified microspheres with triphenylphosphine were carried out, respectively, and three kinds of quaternary phosphonium salt (QPS)‐type triphase catalysts (TPC) were prepared. These catalysts were used in the N‐alkylation reaction of phthalimide, namely the reaction of phthalimide in water phase with 1‐bromobutane in organic phase, resulting in N‐butylphthalimide. The effects of main reaction conditions on the triphase‐transfer catalysis reaction were examined, and the relationship between the structure and catalytic activity for these TPC was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the prepared QPS‐type TPC are effective for the N‐alkylation reaction of phthalimide carried out between oil phase and water phase. The polarity of the organic solvent and the temperature affect the reaction rate greatly. The result of the reaction in nitrobenzene having the highest polarity among the used several solvents is the best. It will make the reaction to speed up to raise temperature. The chemical structures of the TPC have crucial influences on the catalytic activity of the TPC. The catalyst with a longer spacer arm, which links the catalytic group to the matrix microspheres, has higher activity. The bonding density of QPS group on the polymer microspheres affects the hydrophilic and hydrophobic property of the TPC and, accordingly, affects the catalytic activity greatly. There is a maximum conversion of 1‐bromobutane as the bonding density of QPS group on TPC is 0.94 mmol/g. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 677–686, 2011
Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: A pilot study
Authors: Weissman Joshua D. , Fernandez Francisca , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the tolerability of xylitol mixed with water as a nasal irrigant and to evaluate whether xylitol nasal irrigation results in symptomatic improvement of subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis.Study Design:A prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, controlled crossover pilot study.Methods:Twenty subjects were instructed to perform sequential 10‐day courses of daily xylitol and saline irrigations in a randomized fashion, with a 3‐day washout irrigation rest period at the start of each treatment arm. Collected data included patient characteristics, along with Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT‐20) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores reported at the beginning and end of each irrigation course.Results:Fifteen of the 20 subjects (75%) returned their SNOT‐20 and VAS data for analysis. There was a significant reduction in SNOT‐20 score during the xylitol phase of irrigation (mean drop of 2.43 points) as compared to the saline phase (mean increase of 3.93 points), indicating improved sinonasal symptoms (P = .0437). There was no difference in VAS scores. No patient stopped performing the irrigations owing to intolerance of the xylitol, although its sweet taste was not preferred by three subjects (21%). One patient reported transient stinging with xylitol.Conclusions:Xylitol in water is a well‐tolerated agent for sinonasal irrigation. In the short term, xylitol irrigations result in greater improvement of symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis as compared to saline irrigation.
The role of mitochondrial transition pores on bovine oocyte competence after heat stress, as determined by effects of cyclosporin A
Authors: Nabenishi Hisashi , Takagi Satoru , Kamata Hiroshi , Nishimoto Toshihumi , Morita Tetsuo , Ashizawa Koji , Tsuzuki Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study was undertaken to investigate the effects on the nuclear maturation and subsequent embryonic development of bovine oocytes exposed to heat stress (HS) when treating bovine oocytes before in vitro maturation (IVM) with 1 µM cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis levels of the oocytes were also assessed. Nuclear maturation rates of both the HS‐exposed oocytes treated with or without CsA groups (HS + CsA or HS group) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the control group, while the rate of the HS + CsA group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the HS group. Furthermore, although the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of the HS group were significantly lower than those of the control groups (P < 0.05), both rates of the HS + CsA group recovered to the same level as those of the control group. The HS group showed a significantly higher ROS level, lower mitochondrial activity in the oocytes, and TUNEL‐positive cumulus cells, but not oocytes, compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05), whereas the TUNEL‐positive and mitochondrial activity levels of the HS + CsA group recovered to those of the control group. These results indicate that 1 µM CsA treatment before IVM may mitigate reduced mitochondrial activity, increase number of apoptotic cumulus cells under HS, and improve the nuclear maturation and developmental competence of bovine oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79:31–40, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical Considerations about Near‐Wall Turbulence and Resulting Flow Control Schemes
Authors: Frohnapfel Bettina , Jovanović Jovan , Hasegawa Yosuke , Kasagi Nobuhide 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBased on analytical considerations about how near‐wall turbulence needs to be modified in order to reduce the momentum loss towards solid walls and to yield lower energy losses, a mechanism of turbulent drag reduction is proposed. This mechanism suggests that drag reducing flow control at high Reynolds numbers should be designed to minimize the turbulent dissipation rate. A previously published approach on how a reduction of the turbulent dissipation in the near‐wall region can be achieved is analyzed further. The obtained results provide some new insight on the parameters that need to be considered when designing flow control schemes for skin friction drag reduction. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a micro‐sphere based remodelling formulation for orthotropic soft biological tissue
Authors: Waffenschmidt Tobias , Menzel Andreas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn essential property of biological tissues in vivo is the ability to adapt according to respective loading conditions‐‐for example by changing its mass, shape, or internal structure, the latter for instance being associated with fibre reorientation and often denoted as remodelling. In this contribution, a three‐dimensional micro‐sphere‐based constitutive model for anisotropic soft biological tissue is presented, which includes these fibre‐reorientation‐related remodelling effects. As a key aspect, time‐dependent remodelling effects are incorporated by introducing evolution equations for the referential orientations of the integration directions, as present in the computational micro‐sphere approach. Based on this, a remodelling formulation for the orthotropic case with two mean fibre orientations will be presented. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimentelle Identifikation viskoelastischer Eigenschaften von Bremsbelägen
Authors: Hornig Sylwia , Hochlenert Daniel , von Wagner Utz 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBremsenquietschen ist ein hochfrequentes störendes Geräusch, welches auf reibungsinduzierte selbsterregte Schwingungen des Bremssystems zurückzuführen ist. Dabei verliert die nicht quietschende Konfiguration ihre Stabilität, das Bremssystem beginnt mit wachsenden Amplituden zu schwingen und erreicht schließlich einen Grenzzykel. Bei der mechanisch‐mathematischen Modellbildung zur Vorhersage des Bremsenquietschens ist das viskoelastische Verhalten der Reibmaterialien eine der wesentlichen Einflußgrößen. Aufgrund der starken Abhängigkeit der Reibmaterialien von der Art und Höhe der Belastung, wird nachfolgend ein Verfahren zur experimentellen Identifikation ihrer Eigenschaften unter Berücksichtigung von quietschrelevanten Belastungszuständen vorgestellt. Die experimentell identifizierten Parameter werden in ein Mehrkörper‐Bremsenmodell einer Kraftfahrzeugscheibenbremse integriert und erste Ergebnisse der nichtlinearen Stabilitätsanalyse vorgestellt. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coarse grid correction by aggregation / disaggregation with application in image reconstruction
Authors: Popa Constantin , Nicola Aurelian , Rüde Ulrich 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn algebraic reconstruction of images in computerized tomography we are dealing with rectangular, large, sparse and ill‐conditioned linear systems of equations. In this paper we describe a two‐grid algorithm for solving such kind of linear systems, which uses Kaczmarz's projection method as relaxation. The correction step is performed with a special “local” aggregation / disaggregation type procedure. In this respect, we have to solve a small sized minimization problem associated to each coarse grid pixel. The information so obtained is then “distributed” to the neighbour fine grid pixels. Some image reconstruction experiments are also presented. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure characterization and DC conductivity of honeycomb patterned poly(N‐vinylcarbazole)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite film via pretreatment at high temperature
Authors: Thinh Phung Xuan , Basavaraja C. , Kim Won Jung , Huh Do Sung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPoly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) composites containing different concentrations of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were synthesized through the oxidative polymerization of N‐vinylcarbazole with ferric chloride. The synthesized composites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis. A honeycomb‐patterned film was fabricated by casting the PVK–MWCNT composite solution under humid conditions. The morphology of the honeycomb‐patterned films in the PVK–MWCNT polymer composites and the dependence of its pore diameter and pore height on MWCNT concentration were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The honeycomb‐patterned films were treated at 150, 250, 400, and 490°C to study the arrangement of MWCNTs in the patterned films and to measure the DC conductivity depending on the calcination temperature. DC conductivity of the patterned films was increased by increasing the concentration of MWCNT in the composites and in the increased pretreatment temperature. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
X‐ray diffraction characterization of microdefects in silicon crystals after high‐energy electron irradiation
Authors: Molodkin V. B. , Olikhovskii S. I. , Len E. G. , Sheludchenko B. V. , Lizunova S. V. , Kyslovs'kyy Ye. M. , Vladimirova T. P. , Kochelab E. V. , Reshetnyk O. V. , Dovganyuk V. V. , Fodchuk I. M. , Lytvynchuk T. V. , Klad'ko V. P. , Świątek Z. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe quantitative characterization of complex microdefect structures in silicon crystals grown by Czochralski method and irradiated with various doses of high‐energy electrons (18 MeV) has been performed by methods of the high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction. The concentrations and average sizes of dislocation loops and oxygen precipitates have been determined by using the combined treatment of reciprocal space maps and rocking curves based on the analytical formulas of the statistical dynamical theory of X‐ray diffraction by imperfect crystals with randomly distributed microdefects of several types.
Nonlinear, single‐distance phase retrieval and Schwinger regularization
Authors: Moosmann Julian , Hofmann Ralf , Baumbach Tilo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe apply an algorithm for phase retrieval from single‐distance data which takes nonlinear corrections into consideration in a perturbative way. Schwinger regularization is used for the inversion of the transverse Laplacian, and the applicability of the algorithm is demonstrated employing simulated data.