bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modifying glucose release from high carbohydrate foods with natural polymers extracted from cereals
Authors: Razzaq Hussam AA , Sutton Kevin H , Motoi Lidia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sustained elevated blood glucose and insulin levels are linked to many health problems that may be prevented or better managed by controlling glucose availability for uptake. Glucose release from consumed starch may be altered by the processing conditions, particle size and structural features of the food, and by the addition of dietary fibres. Many approaches to lower glucose release are not suitable for all high carbohydrate foods, especially bakery products. Methods to modulate the starch digestion without compromising product quality are required. This study describes an approach to protect the granules and alter the particle size of the starch component using an extract from barley (BE). Wheat starch was suspended in the BE at different ratios and cast dried, milled to 2–3 mm particles, or finely ground to produce different particle sizes.RESULTS: The BE treatments resulted in the formation of clusters of starch granules embedded in a matrix of fibres and protein. The rate of in vitro starch digestion was decreased, and further reduction occurred when the particle size of the starch material increased.CONCLUSION: The extract provided a physical barrier that limited the starch exposure to the digestion enzymes and water that led to reduction in starch digestion and the release of glucose Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of Collagenase‐Sensitive Polyureas for Ligament Tissue Engineering
Authors: Benhardt Hugh , Sears Nick , Touchet Tyler , Cosgriff‐Hernandez Elizabeth 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecently, poly(ester urethanes) were investigated for use as ligament grafts due to their exceptional mechanical properties and highly tunable structure; however, these grafts are susceptible to hydrolytic degradation that occurs independent of tissue regeneration. To address this limitation, polyureas containing collagen‐derived peptides were synthesized which enable cellular release of proteases to dictate degradation rate. It is hypothesized that this cell‐responsive design will facilitate load transfer from the biodegradable scaffold to neotissue at a rate that promotes proper tissue orientation and function while maintaining construct integrity. magnified image
Poly(D,L‐Lactide)‐block‐Poly(2‐Hydroxyethyl Acrylate) Block Copolymers as Potential Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Repair: in vitro and in vivo Degradation Studies
Authors: Clément Benoît , Decherchi Patrick , Féron François , Bertin Denis , Gigmes Didier , Trimaille Thomas , Marqueste Tanguy 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe properties of poly(D,L‐lactide)‐block‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PLA‐b‐PHEA) block copolymers by means of in vitro / in vivo (rat) degradation are investigated and compared to those of PLA homopolymer. Over 12 weeks, we observe mass loss and molecular weight decrease. In vitro and in vivo findings are very similar for each polymer tested. When a short PHEA block is used (PLA‐b‐PHEA 15 000–3 000 g · mol−1, 85/15 wt%), the degradation process is found to be very similar to that of homo‐PLA, and to be typical of a bulk erosion mechanism, with no mass loss observed until week 7 and continuous decrease of molar mass within this timeframe. For a longer PHEA block length within the block copolymer (PLA‐b‐PHEA 15 000–7 500 g · mol−1, 65/35 wt%), the degradation mechanism is modified, with a significant mass loss observed at early times and only a slight decrease in molar mass. The latter finding is related to the pronounced hydrophilicity and softness of the material induced by the PHEA block, which allow easy diffusion and rapid leakage of the degradation residues from the material towards the aqueous medium. Schwann cells are found to better adhere on spin‐coated films of PLA‐b‐PHEA (85/15 wt%) than on PLA ones. These results show the potential of such hydrophilized PLA‐based copolymers for use in peripheral nerve repair.
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Enthalpy and Volume Relaxation of Core‐Crosslinked Star Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends
Authors: Spoljaric Steven , Genovese Antonietta , Goh Tor Kit , Blencowe Anton , Qiao Greg G. , Shanks Robert A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBlends of linear and core‐crosslinked star (CCS) polymers are prepared. The relaxation and thermal properties of the blends are determined using conventional and modulated‐temperature DSC and modulated‐temperature thermomechanometry. Addition of CCS polymers increase the glass transition temperature while decreasing the enthalpy and the linear coefficient of thermal expansion, suggesting that the hyperbranched polymers restrict matrix chain motions. Isothermal annealing increased the Tg and ΔH and decreased sub‐Tg α due to the reduced free volume and mobility within the polymer films. Volume relaxation during annealing is observed using mT‐TM, while a stretched‐exponential function is utilised to interpret the data. magnified image
Square‐integrable solutions and Weyl functions for singular canonical systems
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Hassi Seppo , de Snoo Henk , Wietsma Rudi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBoundary value problems for singular canonical systems of differential equations of the form

are studied in the associated Hilbert space \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L^2_\Delta (\imath )$\end{document}. With the help of a monotonicity principle for matrix functions their square‐integrable solutions are specified. This yields a direct treatment of defect numbers of the minimal relation and simultaneously makes it possible to assign certain boundary values to the elements of the maximal relation induced by the system of differential equations in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L^2_\Delta (\imath )$\end{document}. The investigation of boundary value problems for these systems and their spectral theory can be carried out by means of abstract boundary triplet techniques. This paper makes explicit the construction and the properties of boundary triplets and Weyl functions for singular canonical systems. Furthermore, the Weyl functions are shown to have a property similar to that of the classical Titchmarsh‐Weyl coefficients for singular Sturm‐Liouville operators: they single out the square‐integrable solutions of the homogeneous systems of canonical differential equations. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Transcriptional down‐regulation of Brca1 and E‐cadherin by CtBP1 in breast cancer
Authors: Deng Yu , Deng Hui , Liu Jing , Han Gangwen , Malkoski Stephen , Liu Bolin , Zhao Rui , Wang Xiao‐Jing , Zhang Qinghong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCarboxyl‐terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) is a transcriptional co‐repressor with oncogenic potential. Immunohistochemistry staining using human breast cancer tissue arrays revealed that 92% of invasive ductal breast cancer cases have CtBP1‐positive staining compared to 4% CtBP1‐positive in normal breast tissue. To explore the functional impact of CtBP1 in breast cancer, we examined CtBP1's transcriptional regulation of known tumor suppressors, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (Brca1), and E‐cadherin. We found CtBP1 was recruited to the promoter regions of Brca1 and E‐cadherin genes in breast cancer cells. Concomitantly, Brca1 loss was detected in 57% and E‐cadherin loss was detected in 76% of human invasive ductal breast cancers, and correlated with CtBP1 nuclear staining in these lesions. Importantly, siRNA knock down of CtBP1 restored Brca1 and E‐cadherin expression in breast cancer cell lines, implying CtBP1 down‐regulates Brca1 and E‐cadherin genes in human breast cancer. This study provides evidence that although genetic loss of Brca1 and E‐cadherin are infrequent in breast cancer, they are down‐regulated at the transcriptional level by CtBP1 expression. Thus, CtBP1 activation could be a potential biomarker for breast cancer development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of ionic conductivity in track‐etched nanoporous polyimide membranes using a microwave technique
Authors: Molenberg I. , Planckaert M. , Jonckheere L. , Ferain E. , Huynen I. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe in situ characterization of membranes for fuel cell applications is a rather complex and time‐consuming procedure. It is therefore interesting to develop simple, short, and reproducible characterization tests and to limit in situ measurement only to the most promising materials. In this paper, a new characterization method is proposed to extract the DC ionic conductivity of track‐etched nanoporous polyimide membranes from microwave measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26163
Compact monopole antenna with triple band‐notched characteristics for UWB applications
Authors: Zhao Jin‐Juan , Ren Li‐Shi , Gong Shu‐Xi , Xu Yun‐Xue 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel compact ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with triple band‐notched characteristics is proposed. Triple narrow band‐notched characteristics are achieved by embedding a spade‐shaped slot on the radiating patch as well as adding a separated strip on the front side and a bowl‐shaped resonator on the backed plane of the reference UWB antenna. The measured impedance bandwidth defined by voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2 of 8.0 GHz (3.0–11.0 GHz), with the triple notched bands of 3.3–3.7, 5.15–5.4, and 5.7–5.9 GHz, are obtained. The proposed antenna with an overall dimension of only 24 mm × 29 mm is successfully designed and measured, showing broadband matched impedance and stable radiation patterns. Moreover, measured group delay and transmission characteristics indicate that the proposed antenna has good transient response. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26167
A novel design of 3‐dB coupler with harmonics suppression using Powell's least square method
Authors: Li Rui , Kim Dong Il , Wu Duo‐Long , Yang Qiang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article presents a simplified design of a compact structure with harmonics suppression. The suggested structure is based on a conventional 3‐dB branch line coupler, and two pairs of open stubs are adopted at the λ/4 branches to suppress harmonics. With this configuration, two finite attenuation poles will be available, which are able to suppress the second and third harmonics simultaneously. A model of transmission line is introduced for tuning the finite attenuation poles, and the optimal condition could be achieved by using Powell's least square method. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed structure, a novel 3‐dB coupler with harmonics suppression is designed, fabricated, and measured. The numerical results demonstrate an excellent match between the numerical analysis and actual measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26171
Analysis of the effect of high‐dielectric substrate size on the directivity of an end‐fire antenna
Authors: Eldek Abdelnasser A. , El‐Hefnawi Fatma 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAnalysis of the effect of the substrate size of the end‐fire double rhombus antenna on its directivity is performed. The purpose is to increase the directivity without increasing antenna width for this antenna to be used in a circular array node as part of a cell phone detection system for post‐disaster search and rescue operations. It was found that the directivity of the antenna can be increased by increasing the length of the dielectric substrate. Different configurations have been studied to obtain high directivity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26173
Efficient SP‐FDTD algorithm for solving oblique incident plane wave in dispersive materials
Authors: Wang Hui , Huang Zhi‐xiang , Wu Xian‐liang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this letter, an efficient method of introducing plane wave source into finite difference time domain (FDTD) grids, denoted as the method of splitting plane wave FDTD algorithm, is presented for solving oblique incident wave in dispersive material.The details of new equations for one‐dimensional propagators based on spitted‐field of Maxwell's equations are also provided and practical implementations are also included. Numerical examples are presented that demonstrate the valid of the method and reduce a minimal amount of the field leakage error below −300 dB. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26174
Simulation of an operation of zinc oxide light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Kowalczewski Piotr , Kuc Maciej , Piskorski Łukasz , Sarzała Robert P. , Nakwaski Wlodzimierz 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe self‐consistent thermal–electrical model of the ZnO light‐emitting diode is presented. It may be used to determine the band structure of the diode, its quasi‐Fermi levels and two‐dimensional profiles of temperature, potential, carrier concentrations, and current densities. The model may also enable its structure optimization for various possible applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26175
Design of an internal FM radio antenna for mobile handsets with an arrow‐shaped patch
Authors: Choi Sunho , Kim Gi‐Ho , Seong Won‐Mo , Kwak Kyung‐Sup 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article describes the design, fabrication, and measurement of an internal FM radio ferrite sheet flexible antenna using an arrow‐shaped patch to enhance passive gain performance for mobile handsets.To obtain sufficient passive gain performance ≥–20 dBi, an arrow‐shaped patch is inserted in the antenna radiator and monopole type wire is used. The measured result of the fabricated antenna provides passive gain performance (15.6–13.5 dBi) from 86 to 108 MHz with the frequency modulation (FM) bandwidth from 83.20 to 123.72 MHz (≤voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) 6:1). Also, a good radiation pattern is achieved within the FM bandwidth (86–108 MHz) range. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26180
Design of RF subsystem for dynamic spectrum sharing system in UHF band
Authors: You Changjiang , Zhu Xiaowei , Liu Jing , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Jia , Cao Zhigang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA radio frequency (RF) subsystem used in ultra‐high frequency (UHF) band dynamic spectrum sharing wireless communication system is presented.It is composed of three data RF transceivers and one cognitive RF receiver. Every RF transceiver consists of transmitting chain and receiving chain, and the receiving chain is designed the same as cognitive RF receiver. The measured error vector magnitude (EVM) of transmitting chain is less than 1.5%, when the output signal power is 30 dBm. The measured IMD3 of transmitting chain is less than −50 dBc, when the input signal is two tones with 10 kHz space, and the output signal power is 30 dBm. The measured EVM of cognitive RF receiver and receiving chain is less than 1.0% when the input signal power is −50 dBm. The measured lowest noise figure of cognitive RF receiver and receiving chain is 3.41 dB, and it shows agreement with the analysis result. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26181
Differential six‐port demodulator
Authors: Owais Owais , Östh Joakim , Serban Adriana , Karlsson Magnus , Gong Shaofang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA differential six‐port demodulator for the 7–8 GHz band is reported for the first time. It is composed of a differential six‐port correlator on the two sides of the substrate and zero‐bias antiparallel Schottky diodes acting as power detectors. It is theoretically analyzed and also simulated. A prototype has been fabricated and data transmission at 0.8 Gbit/s (but not the maximum) with the 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is experimentally demonstrated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26191
Notched half‐circled planar monopole antenna for ultra‐wide band application
Authors: Thakur Jay Prakash , Kim Won‐Gyum , Kim Yong‐Hoon 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article presents the planar ultra‐wide band (UWB) monopole antenna design and its impedance bandwidth improvement.Intially, a planar rectangualr monopole antenna is designed for UWB application. To enhance the impedance bandwidth of the antenna, the planar structure is modified by including a half circle at the right side edge of the rectangular patch and further notched at the other edge. Hence, the three planar monopole antenna designs are introduced namely, rectangular, rectangular plus half circle, and finally rectangular half circled including notch. The finally designed notch‐circled planar antenna has the capability of operating between 3.8 and 10.2 GHz compared to conventionally designed rectangular antenna that performs between 4.6 and 9.9 GHz. It shows about 1 GHz impedance bandwidth improvement. The simulations of the all three antennas have been performed using EM simulators, CST and HFSS. Further, the simulated antenna return losses are compared with the measurements. Also the E‐ and H‐plane radiation patterns of the antenna are measured for the frequencies of 3.9, 6.3, and 10.2 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26194
Improving the radiation performance of the Sierpinski microstrip fractal patch antenna through novel feed methods
Authors: Church Justin , Sharma Satish K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of introducing novel feed methods such as the three‐port and a single‐port corporate feed in the Sierpinski microstrip fractal patch antenna for achieving enhanced radiation performance. It will be shown that by exciting the antenna with these feed methods generates more uniform current distributions across the frequency band (8–18 GHz) than the same antenna fed‐in using the single port, conventional feed mechanism. This leads to enhanced radiation pattern performance including the realized gain. A prototype antenna was fabricated and experimentally verified for both impedance matching and radiation patterns. The simulation and measured results are in reasonable agreement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26195
Small‐size wideband chip antenna for WWAN/LTE operation and close integration with nearby conducting elements in the mobile handset
Authors: Chen Shu‐Chuan , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA wideband chip antenna having a small size of 3 × 15 × 35 mm3 for application in the mobile handset to cover eight‐band WWAN/LTE operation is presented. The antenna is mainly formed by a direct‐feed two‐branch strip and a coupled‐fed shorted strip. The two‐branch strip functions as an efficient radiator and also as a coupling feed to capacitively excite the shorted strip. The coupled‐fed shorted strip contributes a wide resonant mode at about 800 MHz to cover the LTE700/GSM850/900 (704∼ 960 MHz) operation. The two‐branch strip and the shorted strip together contribute their fundamental or higher‐order resonant modes to cover the GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 (1710∼ 2690 MHz) operation. There are also ground planes located on two side surfaces of the chip antenna, which are grounded to the system ground plane printed on the main circuit board of the mobile handset. This configuration allows the antenna to be closely integrated with nearby conducting or electronic elements such as a universal series bus connector to achieve compact integration of the internal antenna in the mobile handset. Details of the proposed antenna are presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26200
Characterization of material anisotropy using microwave ellipsometry
Authors: Gambou F. , Bayard B. , Noyel G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe aim of this article is to propose an original low‐cost new experimental technique for the characterization of anisotropic media.This technique is based on free‐space transmission ellipsometry at microwave frequency (30 GHz). This method allows to obtain the electromagnetic anisotropy in a material through the measurement of microwave polarization states. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26201
A compact coupled radiator antenna with reduced hand effect for mobile handset applications
Authors: Jung Kang‐Jae , Won Jung Chang , Park Myun‐Joo , Chung Young‐Seek , Kim Deokyun , Kim Byeongkwan , Wi Hyunho , Kim Taekyun , Lee Byungje 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA wideband/multiband antenna with compact coupled radiators is proposed for reduction of the hand effect in mobile phone applications.The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be twice the bandwidth of a conventional PIFA, so that the measured average gain under the influence of the hand phantom is higher than that of a conventional PIFA over the entire GSM850/EGMS900 bands. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26202
A miniaturized narrowband bandpass filter with wide stopband using open‐loop resonator
Authors: Feng Li‐Ying , Zheng Hong‐Xing 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo obtain a very good performance of filter in wireless system, a miniaturized microstrip narrowband bandpass filter (BPF) is investigated based on an open‐loop resonator analysis. The newly designed BPF has been given with two advantages: one is of a compact size and the other is of a large ratio of the first spurious resonant frequency to the fundamental frequency. Then empirical designing equations of this structure have been discussed. The 3‐dB fractional bandwidth and selectivity of the filter can be selected flexibly by using those equations. Finally, a fabricated filter is applied to validating the proposed method. Experimental results are in very good agreement with simulations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26206
Leaky wave radiation phenomena in metamaterial transmission line based on complementary split ring resonators
Authors: Eggermont S. , Huynen I. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article discusses radiation phenomena in a metamaterial leaky wave antenna working around 3 GHz and enabling a frequency beam steering simultaneously in the plane of the substrate and in its normal plane.The structure is based on a metamaterial transmission line periodically loaded by series capacitive gaps and complementary split ring resonators. Full‐wave simulations and measurements of radiation pattern show a minimum in the broadside direction, creating a rotating beam splitting in the plane of the substrate. This phenomenon is successfully correlated to a particular current pattern observed on the microstrip conductors of the structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26208