bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in mild to moderate clozapine‐induced myocarditis: Is there a role in the absence of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities?
Authors: Ariyarajah Vignendra , Shaikh Nasir , Garber Philip J. , Kirkpatrick Ian , McGregor Robert , Jassal Davinder S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractClozapine is an atypical, neuroleptic medication that can cause myocarditis. While the “gold standard” for diagnosis of myocarditis is perceived to be via myocardial biopsy, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has also proven its utility in this respect, primarily through its ability to detect myocardial scar by late‐gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Until recently, however, clozapine‐induced myocarditis specifically has not been known to be associated with LGE on CMR. In that particular case, LGE was demonstrated in a patient with clozapine‐induced myocarditis. However, quite important, that patient also had specific abnormalities on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram that corresponded to the area of LGE demonstrated by CMR. We highlight a case series of three patients with clozapine‐induced myocarditis and provide a literature review to discuss and critically appraise the true incremental diagnostic value of CMR in such patients with normal ECG and echocardiography. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1473–1476. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automatic segmentation of white matter hyperintensities in the elderly using FLAIR images at 3T
Authors: Gibson Erin , Gao Fuqiang , Black Sandra E. , Lobaugh Nancy J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurposeTo determine the precision and accuracy of an automated method for segmenting white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on fast fluid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery (FLAIR) images in elderly brains at 3T.Materials and MethodsFLAIR images from 18 individuals (60–82 years, 9 females) with WMH burdens ranging from 1–80 cm3 were used. The protocol included the removal of clearly hyperintense voxels; two‐class fuzzy C‐means clustering (FCM); and thresholding to segment probable WMH. Two false‐positive minimization (FPM) methods using white matter templates were tested. Precision was assessed by adding synthetic hyperintense voxels to brain slices. Accuracy was validated by comparing automatic and manual segmentations. Whole‐brain, voxel‐wise metrics of similarity, under‐ and overestimation were used to evaluate both precision and accuracy.ResultsPrecision was high, as the lowest accuracy in the synthetic datasets was 93%. Both FPM strategies successfully improved overall accuracy. Whole‐brain accuracy for the FCM segmentation alone ranged from 45%–81%, which improved to 75%–85% using the FPM strategies.ConclusionThe method was accurate across the range of WMH burden typically seen in the elderly. Accuracy levels achieved or exceeded those of other approaches using multispectral and/or more sophisticated pattern recognition methods. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1311–1322. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulse sequence and timing of contrast‐enhanced MRI for assessing blood–brain barrier disruption after transcranial focused ultrasound in the presence of hemorrhage
Authors: Weng Jun‐Cheng , Wu Sheng‐Kai , Yang Feng‐Yi , Lin Win‐Li , Tseng Wen‐Yih Isaac 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurpose:To optimize the timing of contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that best indicates blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption induced by focused ultrasound (FUS) along with an ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) and to verify that the contrast‐enhanced spin‐echo MRI sequence can indicate the degree and location of BBB disruption in the presence of hemorrhage better than a gradient‐echo sequence.Materials and Methods:Sonication was applied to 12 rat brains with four different doses of UCA to cause variable degrees of hemorrhage. Two imaging sequences were performed to acquire T1‐weighted (T1W) images at two time‐points after the administration of a T1‐shortening contrast agent. The contrast enhancement at the sonicated regions was quantified and correlated against Evans blue (EB) staining.Results:The spin‐echo T1W images at 10 minutes post–contrast enhancement showed the best correlation with EB staining in both quantity of EB extravasation (r = 0.812; P < 0.01) and spatial distribution (r = 0.528, P < 0.01). This capability was more robust than the gradient‐echo sequence.Conclusion:Our results suggest that contrast‐enhanced T1W spin‐echo sequence acquired in the early phase post–contrast enhancement should be considered to monitor the degree and location of BBB disruption under the possibility of hemorrhage induced by FUS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1323–1330. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging for differentiation of rounded atelectasis from neoplasm
Authors: Horn Michael , Oechsner Markus , Gardarsdottir Marianna , Köstler Herbert , Müller Markus F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurposeTo characterize rounded atelectasis (RA) with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in the differential diagnosis of solitary peripheral pulmonary neoplasm.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four patients with diagnostically equivocal peripheral pulmonary nodules were examined with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. 13 patients had a total of 16 rounded atelectases and 11 had a neoplasm. The final diagnosis was made either by histology (n = 14) or follow‐up examinations of at least 24 months (n = 10). The peripheral nodules were evaluated concerning their morphology and contrast‐enhancement dynamics. Curves for signal intensity (SI) versus time were produced and the relative increase in SI, slope of SI during wash‐in, and slope of SI during wash‐out calculated. Additionally, SI time curves were evaluated using a two compartment model where the ratio for the SI of the fast and the slow component were calculated. Mean values from different tissues of interest were compared by an unpaired two‐sided t‐test.ResultsAnalysis of the SI‐time curves of the RAs revealed a curve shape similar to the pulmonary artery, but a magnitude in SI between artery and normal lung tissue. Linear curve fit showed a significantly steeper slope during wash‐in and wash‐out, and higher relative signal increase in atelectases as compared to neoplasms. Results from the two compartment model showed increased flow and a high ratio of the slow to the fast components with a long mean transit time in neoplasms.ConclusionThree parameters, slope of SI during wash‐in and wash‐out, and the slow/fast ratio can be used as diagnostic tools for discrimination of RA and neoplasm. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1364–1370. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic mapping for lesion classification in dynamic breast MRI
Authors: Schabel Matthias C. , Morrell Glen R. , Oh Karen Y. , Walczak Cheryl A. , Barlow R. Brad , Neumayer Leigh A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurpose:To prospectively investigate whether a rapid dynamic MRI protocol, in conjunction with pharmacokinetic modeling, could provide diagnostically useful information for discriminating biopsy‐proven benign lesions from malignancies.Materials and Methods:Patients referred to breast biopsy based on suspicious screening findings were eligible. After anatomic imaging, patients were scanned using a dynamic protocol with complete bilateral breast coverage. Maps of pharmacokinetic parameters representing transfer constant (Ktrans), efflux rate constant (kep), blood plasma volume fraction (vp), and extracellular extravascular volume fraction (ve) were averaged over lesions and used, with biopsy results, to generate receiver operating characteristic curves for linear classifiers using one, two, or three parameters.Results:Biopsy and imaging results were obtained from 93 lesions in 74 of 78 study patients. Classification based on Ktrans and kep gave the greatest accuracy, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.915, sensitivity of 91%, and specificity of 85%, compared with values of 88% and 68%, respectively, obtained in a recent study of clinical breast MRI in a similar patient population.Conclusion:Pharmacokinetic classification of breast lesions is practical on modern MRI hardware and provides significant accuracy for identification of malignancies. Sensitivity of a two‐parameter linear classifier is comparable to that reported in a recent multicenter study of clinical breast MRI, while specificity is significantly higher. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1371–1378. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulated echo induced misestimates on diffusion tensor indices and its remedy
Authors: Chuang Tzu‐Chao , Wu Ming‐Ting , Huang Teng‐Yi , Lin Yi‐Ru , Tsai Shang‐Yueh , Chang Hing‐Chiu , Chung Hsiao‐Wen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurpose:To report possible erroneous estimates of diffusion parameters in the twice‐refocused spin‐echo (TRSE) technique, proposed to eliminate eddy‐current‐induced geometric distortions in diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging, when stimulated echo signals are inappropriately included.Materials and Methods:Eleven subjects were included for imaging experiments on two 1.5 Tesla systems using the TRSE sequence. Three versions, two with unbalanced crusher gradients inserted to dephase the stimulated echo from the b = 0 images and one with balanced crusher gradients, were implemented. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were derived and compared.Results:The ADCs obtained with unbalanced crusher gradients were closer to values reported in the literature. Stimulated echo led to ADC over‐estimations by 34.2%, 50.4%, 54.0%, 51.5%, 24.0%, and 41.9% in the genu of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, bilateral corona radiata, internal capsule, mediofrontal gyrus, and the cuneus, respectively (P < 0.01), with concomitant reduction in FA in highly anisotropic regions. Over‐estimations of diffusion coefficients were found to be roughly equal along all directions.Conclusion:Formation of stimulated echo in the TRSE technique can lead to erroneous estimations of the diffusion parameters, even if no prominent morphological artifacts are seen. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1522–1529. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vibration imaging for localization of functional compartments of the extrinsic flexor muscles of the hand
Authors: Mariappan Yogesh K. , Manduca Armando , Glaser Kevin J. , Chen Jun , Amrami Kimberly K. , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurpose:To develop and test an MRI‐based imaging technique for the localization of the functional compartments of the functionally finger‐specific, yet anatomically indistinct, flexor muscles of the hand.Materials and Methods:A total of six normal healthy volunteers were involved in five studies in which individual fingers were vibrated with mechanical actuators and the resultant motion within the corresponding functional compartments of the flexor muscles, mechanically transferred through the structurally connected tendons, was imaged with a phase‐contrast MR imaging technique that is highly sensitive to cyclic motion. The motion amplitude and relative phase relationship between the functional compartments of various muscles and fingers were obtained and analyzed from these images as a means to differentiate the various subcompartments.Results:The results show that this technique provides a detailed mapping of the regions of the complex flexor muscle compartments that correspond to each digit for both the flexor digitorum profundus and the flexor digitorum superficialis. The results also demonstrate the presence of mechanical interdependence between the flexor muscles.Conclusion:It is concluded from the results that localization of the finger‐specific subcompartments of the forearm flexor muscles can be performed with this technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1395–1401. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping of iron deposition in conjunction with assessment of nerve fiber tract integrity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Langkammer Christian , Enzinger Christian , Quasthoff Stefan , Grafenauer Paula , Soellinger Michaela , Fazekas Franz , Ropele Stefan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurpose:To test if and where increased iron accumulation occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by quantitative mapping of iron deposition and to relate these findings to white matter tract degeneration assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Materials and Methods:Fifteen patients with ALS and 15 age‐ and gender‐matched controls underwent MRI of the brain to obtain R2* relaxation rate and DTI measurements, focusing on the corticospinal tract (CST) and on deep gray matter structures, using tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS).Results:Compared with controls, ALS patients showed reduced fractional anisotropy values along the mesencephalic CST, suggesting disintegration of fiber tracts. A trend for R2* values to be elevated was found in the CST of ALS patients. Regarding other brain areas examined, increased R2* values in ALS patients were observed solely in the caudate nucleus.Conclusion:This study extends previous findings on fiber disorganization by additional quantitative evidence for increased iron deposition in closely localized regions along the CST in ALS patients. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore the pathophysiologic and diagnostic implications of these findings. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1339–1345. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intercenter differences in diffusion tensor MRI acquisition
Authors: Pagani Elisabetta , Hirsch Jochen G. , Pouwels Petra J.W. , Horsfield Mark A. , Perego Elisabetta , Gass Achim , Roosendaal Stefan D. , Barkhof Frederik , Agosta Federica , Rovaris Marco , Caputo Domenico , Giorgio Antonio , Palace Jacqueline , Marino Silvia , De Stefano Nicola , Ropele Stefan , Fazekas Franz , Filippi Massimo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurpose:To assess the effect on diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of acquiring data with different scanners.Materials and Methods:Forty‐four healthy controls and 36 multiple sclerosis patients with low disability were studied using eight MR scanners with acquisition protocols that were as close to a standard protocol as possible. Between 7 and 13 subjects were studied in each center. Region‐of‐interest (ROI) and histogram‐based analyses of fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (Dax), radial (Drad), and mean diffusivity (MD) were performed. The influence of variables such as the acquisition center and the control/patient group was determined with an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.Results:The patient/control group explained ≈25% of data variability of FA and Drad from midsagittal corpus callosum (CC) ROIs. Global FA, MD, and Drad in the white matter differentiated patients from controls, but with lower discriminatory power than for the CC. In the gray matter, MD discriminated patients from controls (30% of variability explained by group vs. 17% by center).Conclusion:Significant variability of DT‐MRI data can be attributed to the acquisition center, even when a standardized protocol is used. The use of appropriate segmentation methods and statistical models allows DT‐derived metrics to differentiate patients from healthy controls. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1458–1468. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disease severity and viral load are correlated in infants with primary respiratory syncytial virus infection in the community
Authors: Houben M.L. , Coenjaerts F.E.J. , Rossen J.W.A. , Belderbos M.E. , Hofland R.W. , Kimpen J.L.L. , Bont L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, with remarkable variability in disease severity. Factors determining severity of disease in previously healthy infants are still unclear. It was hypothesized that disease severity is correlated with viral load in primary RSV infection. Infants of a healthy birth cohort were included at signs of their first respiratory tract infection. Nasopharyngeal aspirate was obtained within 48–96 hr and disease severity was assessed with a previously published severity scoring model. PCR was applied to test the aspirates in a semi‐quantitative way for the presence of 10 respiratory pathogens. In case of multiple infection, the pathogen with the highest load was defined as the primary pathogen. The correlation between disease severity and viral load was analyzed. A total of 82 infants were included over a period of 2 years. Median age at first respiratory tract infection was 3 months. Pathogens were detected in 77 (94%) infants; more than one pathogen was detected in 35 (43%) infants. RSV was present in aspirates of 30 infants; in 16 aspirates RSV was the primary pathogen. A negative correlation between RSV CT‐value and disease severity was found in all RSV cases (ρ = −0.52, P = 0.003) and in cases with RSV as the primary pathogen (ρ = −0.54, P = 0.03). In conclusion, this is the first report on viral loads in previously healthy infants with RSV infection in the community. Disease severity correlated positively with viral load during primary RSV infection. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1266–1271, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus BCP, precore/core, X gene mutations/genotypes and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in India
Authors: Asim Mohammad , Malik Abdul , Sarma Manash P. , Polipalli Sunil K. , Begum Nargis , Ahmad Istaq , Khan Luqman A. , Husain S.A. , Akhtar Naseem , Husain Sajid , Thayumanavan L. , Singla Rajiv , Kar P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe study aims to characterize mutations of the HBV genome involving BCP, Precore/core and X regions and also defines HBV genotypes in patients of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study involved 150 HBV‐related HCC cases and 136 HBV‐related chronic liver disease patients without HCC as controls. HBV DNA was subjected to mutational analysis using SSCP technique, genotyping by RFLP, and direct nucleotide sequencing. HBV DNA was found in 58.7% (88/150) of the HCC cases and 74.3% (101/136) of controls. HBV mutants were observed in 44.3% of HCC cases and 43.2% of controls. HBV/D was prevalent amongst the patients and controls, followed by HBV/A. The prevalence of the TT1504 mutation in the X gene, the V1753 and T1762/A1764 mutations in the BCP region, and G1914 mutation in the core gene were significantly higher in the HCC group than in the non‐HCC group. Multivariate analyses showed that the TT1504, V1753, A1762T/G1764A, and the G1914 mutations and the patient's age, sex, and HBeAg status increased the risk of HCC development significantly. Also, patients with HCC had lower levels of serum albumin, viral load, and platelet counts but higher values of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and Alpha feto‐protein than those of controls (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). HBV/D was the predominant genotype associated with HCC cases seen in India. The presence of different types of HBV mutations, age, sex, HBeAg status, and viral load was found to increase significantly the risk of HCC development in India. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1115–1125, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphism of the capsid L1 gene of human papillomavirus types 31, 33, and 35
Authors: Cornut Gilbert , Gagnon Simon , Hankins Catherine , Money Deborah , Pourreaux Karina , Franco Eduardo L. , Coutlée François ,   for The Canadian Women's HIV Study Group
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe L1 gene encodes for the major capsid protein of human papillomaviruses (HPV). There is limited information on the polymorphism of L1 for types related to HPV‐16. This report explores the polymorphism of L1 in phylogenetically related types 31, 33, and 35 compared to HPV‐16. Genital specimens collected from 732 HIV‐seropositive and 323 HIV‐seronegative women were screened for HPV DNA with consensus L1 PCR. Cervical samples positive for HPV‐16 (n = 74), HPV‐31 (n = 78), HPV‐33 (n = 37), and HPV‐35 (n = 58) were further characterized by PCR‐sequencing of the complete L1 gene. The number of nucleotide substitutions within L1 ranged from 19 for HPV‐33 to 52 for HPV‐31. The ratio of the number of variants/number of isolates tested was higher for HPV‐31 (56.4%, P = 0.05) and HPV‐35 (60.3%, P = 0.04) compared to HPV‐16 (40.5%), while this ratio was lower for HPV‐33 (24.3%), although not significantly (P = 0.14). The maximal distance between HPV variants was greater in the five putative surface‐exposed loops of L1 than in sequences outside the loops (P < 0.01). Synonymous variations were encountered in 1.7% (95% CI 1.1–2.3) of nucleotides inside the L1 loops and 2.4% (95% CI1.2–3.7) of nucleotides outside the L1 loops. Non‐synonymous variations were encountered in 1.8% (95% CI 1.1–2.5) of nucleotides within the L1 loops and 0.2% (95% CI 0–0.4) of nucleotides outside the loops. dN/dS ratios were below 1.0 in extra‐loop and intra‐loop regions, but they were lower in extra‐loop regions. These results suggest that sequences within and outside the hypervariable loops of L1 were under selective constraint. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1168–1178, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunovirological correlates in human rabies treated with therapeutic coma
Authors: Hunter M. , Johnson N. , Hedderwick S. , McCaughey C. , Lowry K. , McConville J. , Herron B. , McQuaid S. , Marston D. , Goddard T. , Harkess G. , Goharriz H. , Voller K. , Solomon T. , Willoughby R.E. , Fooks A.R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA 37‐year‐old woman was admitted to hospital and over the next 5 days developed a progressive encephalitis. Nuchal skin biopsy, analyzed using a Rabies TaqMan© PCR, demonstrated rabies virus RNA. She had a history in keeping with exposure to rabies whilst in South Africa, but had not received pre‐ or post‐exposure prophylaxis. She was treated with a therapeutic coma according to the “Milwaukee protocol,” which failed to prevent the death of the patient. Rabies virus was isolated from CSF and saliva, and rabies antibody was demonstrated in serum (from day 11 onwards) and cerebrospinal fluid (day 13 onwards). She died on day‐35 of hospitalization. Autopsy specimens demonstrated the presence of rabies antigen, viral RNA, and viable rabies virus in the central nervous system. J. Med. Virol. 82:1255–1265, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of the Abbott RealTime high‐risk HPV test in women with abnormal cervical cytology smears
Authors: Cuzick Jack , Ambroisine Laurence , Cadman Louise , Austin Janet , Ho Linda , Terry George , Liddle Stuart , Dina Roberto , McCarthy Julie , Buckley Hilary , Bergeron Christine , Soutter W.P. , Lyons Deirdre , Szarewski Anne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHPV DNA testing is known to be much more sensitive than cytology, but less specific. A range of HPV and related tests in 858 women referred for colposcopy because of an abnormal smear were evaluated to compare the performances of these tests. This article compared the Abbott test to other tests which had been previously evaluated. This test was a real true test for 14 high‐risk HPV types. The Abbott test was found to be highly sensitive for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) (98.9%) with a specificity of 31.5%. These numbers were comparable with the Qiagen HC2 test, the Roche Linear Array and Amplicor tests, and the Gen‐Probe APTIMA test. Differences between these tests appeared to be related mostly to the choice of cutoff level. An added feature of the Abbott test was the provision of type specific results for HPV 16 and 18. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1186–1191, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.