bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformable Patch Antenna Array for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Patel Akshat C , Vaghela Miral P , Bajwa Hassan , Patra Prabir K 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) has emerged as potential candidate for replacement of conventional metal patch in antenna application. The principal objective of our research is to develop nanostructured flexible patch antenna array for multi- frequency operation in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. Patch antenna design using CNT on flexible cotton sheets has been simulated with cotton as a substrate and CNT as conductive patch and ground plane. Due to high conformability and conductivity of CNT all antenna parameters like VSWR, return loss, gain and radiation pattern obtained using FEKO EMSS software meet design criteria. Our simulated antenna design shows a return loss less than -10 dB and VSWR less than 2 at 2.06 GHz, 2.38 GHz and 2.49 GHz. We have also simulated a versatile and conformable antenna design where the whole geometry is rolled up like patch array on cylindrical surface. Conformability to curved surfaces and integration with the structure brings about a unique antenna design. An inset fed square patch array is also proposed for RF energy harvesting operating in the 2.45 GHz ISM band that can harvest and store energy from the surrounding environment. Simulation result shows that dc voltage of 0.215 V can be achieved at -6 dbm received energy level at 2.45 GHz IEEE 802.11b band. This would correspond to potential working distance of 10m.
Enhanced Performance from Acid Functionalised Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in the Active Layer of Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Nismy Nasrul Aamina , Adikaari A.A. Damitha T , Silva Ravi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSolution-processable organic bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices have made great advances over the past decade. The concept, ultrafast photo induced electron transfer from a conjugated polymer to fullerene derivative molecules in bulk-heterojunction systems, leads to device efficiencies as high as 6%. Light absorption, charge separation and charge transport to electrodes are the most important steps in organic photovoltaic devices. The enhanced light absorption through thicker active layers results in more exciton creation, however, leads to increased recombination due to the relatively short exciton diffusion length. We fabricated poly(3-hexylthiophene)/ [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester bulk-heterojunction devices with multiwall carbon nanotubes in the active layer in a bid to address this deficiency. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes allows better dispersion in aromatic solvents, 1,2-dichlorobenzene in this study, and pristine multiwall nanotubes result in poorer dispersions. Organic photovoltaic devices fabricated with pristine multiwall carbon nanotubes in the active layer result in power conversion efficiencies ˜1.4%, which show localized nanotube-rich areas in the active layer. Alternatively, acid functionalized nanotubes in the active layer results in efficiencies as high as 2.2 % with no distinct nanotube-rich sectors. The open circuit voltages of the devices show a dependency on the loading of nanotubes in the active layer. Further, the shunt resistances of the devices with carbon nanotubes decrease, which needs careful selection of the tubes depending on active layer thickness. This work compares the device performances in detail and identifies further improvements to conjugated polymer/fullerene derivative/multiwall carbon nanotubes hybrid photovoltaic systems.
Interpretation of the C1s XPS Signal in Copper Phthalocyanine for Organic Photovoltaic Device Applications
Authors: Nauka K. , Ng Hou T. , Hanson Eric G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCopper phthalocyanine (CuPc) belongs to a class of small molecules offering particularly interesting advantages when employed in organic electronic devices. Because of its advantageous attributes like high thermal stability, inertness when exposed to acids or alkalis, relatively high electron conductivity, color and light fastness it has been employed in polymer photovoltaic devices as a unipolar dopants complementing the buckminsterfullerene (C60) acceptors and as a conductive buffer. Other organic applications include ambipolar OFETs and non-linear optics structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been commonly employed to monitor the quality of thin CuPc films. Although XPS analyses of CuPc have been done for over forty years there has not yet been agreement regarding interpretation of the major C1s signal, particularly in the case of non-stoichometric CuPc composition. This work presents systematic studies of the C1s signal of thin film deposits, fabricated using commercially available CuPc materials. It was found that composite C1s CuPc signal consists of five components: two related to the principal C positions within the CuPc macrocycle (C-C in 6-membered ring, C-C-N in 5-membered ring), two associated with shake-up transitions accompanying principal C transitions, and one due to mostly aliphatic impurities. Detailed analysis showed that the magnitude of shake-up peaks was approximately equal 10% to 12% of their principal transitions, in agreement with the theoretical calculations. Correspondingly, the C1s signal originating from the non-CuPc impurities quantitatively agreed with the IR attenuated total reflectance (ATR-IR) measurement of the C-H aliphatic vibrations originating from these impurities present within the CuPc layer. The proposed C1s interpretation has been successfully tested for a large number of commercial CuPc materials and provides a guideline for a routine XPS analysis of the CuPc in organic photovoltaic devices.
Optical and Electrical Modeling of Polymer Thin-film Photovoltaics
Authors: Jiang Wenjun , Dunham Scott T 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBy coupling optical and electronic device simulation, we explore the optimization of organic photovoltaic devices. We use optical simulation via FDTD and transmission matrix solution of Maxwell's equations in order to calculate distribution of light intensity, including the reflectivity and transmissivity of transparent anode layers. We derive simple formulas for the conductivity requirements as function of pattern structure of potential replacements for ITO as transparent anode material, and explore the optimization of thickness of active layer and its relationship with the peaks of optical generation inside the active layer.
FIGO staging in vulval and endometrial cancer
Authors: Edey Katharine , Murdoch John 
Published: October 2010

Key content

FIGO staging for vulval and endometrial cancer was last amended in May 2009 and is now based on surgical pathology.
Staging should be of benefit without significantly increasing morbidity.
Other factors such as tumour type and grade and any comorbidities also contribute to survival.

Learning objectives

To understand the principles of cancer staging.
To be aware of the appropriate preoperative preparation.
To be able to stage vulval and endometrial cancer once the histopathology is available.

Ethical issues

Surgery should be of benefit regarding survival or in guiding appropriate treatment.

Please cite this article as: Edey K, Murdoch J. FIGO staging in vulval and endometrial cancer. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:245–249.
A guide to the ATSM in Medical Education. Article 4: quality assurance and research in medical education
Authors: Shehmar Manjeet , Khan Khalid S 
Published: October 2010

Key contentQuality assurance measures an institution's performance against standards of good educational practice.Primary medical educational research uses a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methodologies.Additional databases other than those for health sciences need to be searched for reviews or systematic reviews in medical education.Learning objectivesFor trainers and trainees to be aware of the structure of the quality assurance frameworks within which they teach.For trainees to know where to find and how to appraise educational literature critically.Trainers will be able to involve trainees in quality assurance programmes and encourage them to solve educational questions through critical appraisal of the literature.Ethical issuesHow responsible is a trainee for taking action if their critical appraisal of the quality of their training programmes reveals a culture of bullying?Trainees and trainers should be aware of the quality assurance programmes in place for medical education.Trainers should be able to appraise new teaching methods.Please cite this article as: Shehmar M, Khan KS. A guide to the ATSM in Medical Education. Article 4: quality assurance and research in medical education.The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist2010;12:257–263.
The teacher, the learner and the method
Authors: Duthie S J , Garden A S 
Published: October 2010

Key content

The modern teacher of obstetrics and gynaecology provides knowledge, acts as a role model, facilitates learning and plans assessments.
Doctors training in obstetrics and gynaecology in the UK are adult learners who work in the National Health Service and undergo training in the core curriculum of the RCOG.
There are various teaching methods that can be applied in different scenarios for the maximum benefit of learners.

Learning objectives

To be aware of the attributes of good teachers and learners.
To understand different methods of teaching and how they can be applied in the specialty.

Ethical issues

What methods of teaching can be employed in the clinical learning environment which would be of maximum benefit to learners while protecting the safety of patients?
What are the hallmarks of the model teacher and the model learner?

Please cite this article as: Duthie SJ, Garden AS. The teacher, the learner and the method. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:273–280.
Variâncias do ponto crítico de equações de regressão quadrática
Authors: Nunes Ceile Cristina Ferreira , Morais Augusto Ramalho de , Muniz Joel Augusto , Sáfadi Thelma 
Published: October 2010

Com o presente trabalho teve-se por objetivo a determinação de variâncias para o estudo do ponto crítico de uma equação de regressão de segundo grau, em situações experimentais com diferentes variâncias, por meio de simulação Monte Carlo. Em muitos estudos, teóricos ou aplicados, o pesquisador depara-se com o problema que envolve quociente entre variáveis aleatórias e, principalmente, entre variáveis normais. Como exemplo, aquelas que surgem em pesquisas de dose econômica de nutrientes em experimentos de adubação, de compactação de solos e em outros problemas em que há interesse na variável aleatória <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img01.gif">, estimador do ponto crítico na regressão <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img02.gif">. Para estudar a distribuição do ponto crítico de uma equação de regressão quadrática, foram utilizados dados de produção de algodão de 536 ensaios, ajustando-se um modelo quadrático. A estimação dos parâmetros foi feita pelo método dos quadrados mínimos ordinários. Com base nessas estimativas, implementou-se por meio do software MATLAB® uma rotina para simulação de duas séries com 5000 erros aleatórios de distribuição normal de média zero relativos a cada uma das variâncias consideradas teóricas: <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img03.gif" > ou = 0,1; 0,5; 1; 5; 10; 15; 20 e 50. As estimativas da variância do ponto crítico foram obtidas por meio de três métodos: (a) fórmula comum do cálculo de variâncias; (b) fórmula obtida pela diferenciação do estimador do ponto crítico e (c) fórmula demonstrada para o cálculo da variância de uma razão, considerando-se a covariância entre <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img04.gif"> e <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img05.gif">. Pelos resultados obtidos para as estatísticas médias dos coeficientes de regressão <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img04.gif"> e <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img05.gif">, bem como suas respectivas variâncias em função das diversas variâncias teóricas (<img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img03.gif">) adotadas, verificou-se que esses valores teóricos estão próximos aos reais. Ainda ocorre uma tendência de que, com o aumento da variância teórica, esses valores aumentem. Pode-se concluir que a variância do ponto crítico calculada usando-se a expressão que leva em consideração a covariância entre <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img04.gif"> e <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img05.gif"> apresenta resultados mais satisfatórios e que não segue uma distribuição normal, pois apresenta uma distribuição de freqüência com assimetria positiva e formato leptocúrtico.
67.3: Low Power Liquid Crystal Displays Using an Image Integrity‐based Backlight Dimming Algorithm
Authors: Kang Suk‐Ju , Ahn Heewon , Hong Heejung , Oh Euiyeol , Chung Injae , Kim Young Hwan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new backlight dimming approach using dynamic gray‐level error control in liquid crystal displays. The existing methods using the fixed rate of clipped pixels degrade the image quality seriously for some images even after image compensation. The proposed method dynamically chooses the maximum luminance based on image integrity considering image characteristics. Therefore, it preserves the image quality above any desired level, while reducing power consumption as much as possible.
68.1: Angular Uniform White Light‐Emitting Diodes with an Internal Reflector Cup
Authors: Zhu Ling , Wang Xiang Hua , Lai Pui Tao , Choi Hoi Wai 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report on a white light‐emitting diode (LED) with a truncated‐ conical (TC) geometry produced by laser micromachining. A blue LED was shaped into a circular disc with 50o‐inclined sidewall using a modified laser micromachining setup. A layer of Al was coated onto the inclined sidewall and the bottom surface to form an integrated reflector. Due to the highly reflective mirror, laterally propagating photons were redirected into the upward direction, contributing to a 21.7 % increase of light intensity in the normal direction. with quantum dots applied to the surface, white light emission from this TC‐LED structure demonstrated a 37% enhancement in color uniformity, compared with a conventional device.
68.2: The Zoom‐Able Spot Lighting Fixture using WRGB LED
Authors: Lo Hsin‐hsaing , Lin Chun‐Chuan , Chen Ji‐Feng , Hsu Chen‐Peng , Chung Lung‐Pin , Chen Tian‐Yuan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe zoom‐able spot lighting fixture using WRGB LED is proposed. The fixture is divided into 2 parts, WRGB LED light source and the projection zoom lenses. The WRGB LED position arrangement is optimized to product more uniform colorful output and decrease the loading of the diffuser film. with the projection zoom lenses, the fixture have the divergent angle from 10 to 30 degree and 3000 lumens output which is useful in plaza or spot lighting.
68.5: A New Light Source: Energy‐Efficient‐Excitation Linear Plasma Lamp
Authors: Tarnowski Tomasz , Wammes Klaus , Lim Sungkyoo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new light source, energy‐efficient‐excitation plasma lamp, has been developed in order to improve the performance of LCD backlights and general lighting. The efficiency of lamps and the life time were found to be superior to those in the regular fluorescent lamps or regular CCFLs. The operation principles of plasma lamps, based on the improved electrical energy ionization of the vaporized materials, were described. Very wide operating range of temperature, high efficiency, and long life time of linear plasma lamps will create diverse applications from LCD backlight to general lighting.
69.1: Photo‐Leakage Current in ZnO TFTs for Transparent Electronics
Authors: Kamada Yudai , Fujita Shizuo , Hiramatsu Takahiro , Matsuda Toshiyuki , Furuta Mamoru , Hirao Takashi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe investigate the generation mechanisms of photo‐leakage current in ZnO TFTs and propose the methods to reduce the undesirable photo‐leakage current in ZnO TFTs in the visible light. We successfully reduce the photo‐leakage current of the ZnO TFTs by using double gate structure.
8.4: Perceptual Quality Assessment for Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation
Authors: Choi Kang Sun , Yun Yeo‐Min , Han Jong‐Woo , Ko Sung‐Jea 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a novel nonreference video quality metric is proposed to evaluate motion compensated frame interpolation MCFI methods. Instead of using any exact reference frames, the proposed method estimates appropriate reference regions for every local region of interpolated frames by exploiting temporal correlation in frame interpolated video sequences. Then, the quality of the interpolated frame can be measured accurately by quantifying the image structural similarity between the corresponding local regions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed metric shows high correlation with the subjective evaluation of human observers significantly.
69.3: Amorphous Oxide TFT Backplane for Large Size AMOLED TVs
Authors: Mo Yeon Gon , Kim Minkyu , Kang Chul Kyu , Jeong Jong Han , Park Yong Sung , Choi Chaun Gi , Kim Hye Dong , Kim Sang Soo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAmorphous oxide thin film transistor (TFT) arrays have been developed as TFT backplanes for large size active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. An amorphous IGZO (Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide) bottom gate TFT with an etch‐stop layer (ESL) delivered excellent electrical performance with field‐ effect mobility of 21 cm2/V‐s, an on/off ratio of >108, and subthreshold slope (SS) of 0.29V/dec. A full color 19‐inch AMOLED display has been developed using the amorphous IGZO TFT backplane.
69.4: Novel Flexible Reflective Color Media Integrated with Transparent Oxide TFT Backplane
Authors: Yeo Jong‐Souk , Emery Tim , Combs Gregg , Korthuis Vincent , Mabeck Jeff , Hoffman Randy , Koch Tim , Zhou Zhang‐Lin , Henze Dick 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel architecture and proprietary electrically addressable inks have been developed to provide disruptive, print‐like full color reflective digital media solutions based on an electrokinetic technology platform. The thin, flexible, low‐power, reflective electronic media is fabricated with a new roll‐to‐roll manufacturing platform. Here we demonstrate the integration of this media with multi‐component oxide (MCO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane for an active matrix reflective electronic display.
70.2: Distinguished Paper: Flexible Display Technology for a Mass Production using the Improved Etching Technology
Authors: Paek Seung Han , Park Yong In , Park Choon Ho , Lim Yu Sok , Shin Sang , Kim Chang Dong , Hwang Yong Kee 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFlexible displays have attracted much attention as a future display due to highly rugged, lightweight, and extremely low power consumption. We have developed the flexible process technology for a mass production using the improved etching technology. F‐DIET (Flexible Display using Improved Etching Technology) technology enables us to make a flexible display in standard AMLCD factories and to stably manufacture of flexible AMEPD and AMOLED.
71.3: Invited Paper: Speckle Suppression by Means of Ferroelectric LC Cell
Authors: Kompanets Igor N. , Andreev Alexander L. , Andreeva Tatiana B. , Minchenko Maxim V. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSimultaneous action of low‐ and high‐frequency electric fields on ferroelectric LC cell causes random variations of the refractive index in FLC layer that results in inhomogeneous space and time phase modulation of a laser beam and suppression of speckle‐ noise in displayed images in real time.
72.3: Protrusive Interception for TFT‐LCDs Using Side‐view Illumination Method
Authors: Tzu Fu‐Ming , Chou Jung‐Hua 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn innovative method using side illuminations with digital CCDs to detect the specific protrusions for color filters of TFTLCD is developed in this study. The experimental results show that the detection of the protrusion with the height of 280 μm at ±7% uncertainty can be achieved within 3 seconds for the 1850 mm*1500 mm panel. In other words, the method is very effective to prevent the high‐value photo‐mask from damage.
73.3: Flexible Smart Card Displays
Authors: Montbach Erica , Himmelreich Richard , Dysert Kevin , Ernst Todd , Bellamy Keith , Schneider Tod , Lightfoot Mark , Khan Asad , Doane J. William 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReflex displays are bistable, lightweight, and flexible making them an ideal choice for lamination into smart cards. Reflex displays are amenable to both direct drive, icon displays as well as multiplexed, graphical displays. The optical performance, power consumption, and mechanical ruggedness of these displays are presented.
9.2: Invited Paper: Green TFT‐LCD Technologies
Authors: Chen PoLun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecently, green technology becomes the key driver for future TFTLCD development. This paper focus on discussing the green technologies in TFTLCDs from green product designs, alterative processes, manufacturing and so on for green considerations. It seems that high trasmittance of a LCD cell as well as low power consideration from a system point of view, and clean process alternatives for the manufacturing are the most popular topics for green TFTLCD.
74.3: Color Separation Backlight System with Mosaic Pixel Arrangements
Authors: Chen Po‐Chou , Yao Po‐Hung , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Lee Chi‐Hung 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA color separation LCD backlight by pixelized illumination is described to eliminate conventional absorbing‐type color filters, which is expected to enhance the gain factor of power efficiency. Several pixel mosaic configurations (RGBG stripe, RGBG diagonal and RBGG quad arrangements) are proposed for different applications.
75.1:Invited Paper: The Many Roles of Illumination in Information Display
Authors: Whitehead Lorne A. , Mossman Michele A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractInformation display occurs when people receive information from human‐influenced light. The information may be literal or symbolic and static or dynamic, and whilethe same basic photometric principles apply for each of the four combinations, they are often viewed differently. Such categorization highlights important opportunities, and a need for further research, especially in cases that lie at the interstices of these natural categories.
75.2: Invited Paper: LEDs — from Displays to Lighting
Authors: Sekulovski Dragan , Vogels Ingrid , Seuntiens Pieter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLEDs have revolutionized both displays and lighting. Beyond improving their basic capabilities, their properties enabled new ways of improving the overall experience. These new capabilities also produce challenges. We give an overview of new problems in temporal control and spatial light distribution perception, relevant to both displays and general lighting.
75.4: Evaluation of Human Reactions on Displays with LED Backlight and a Technical Concept of a Circadian Effective Display
Authors: Stefani Oliver , Bues Matthias , Pross Achim , Spath Dieter , Frey Silvia , Anders Doreen , Mager Ralph , Cajochen Christian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present the results of clinical user studies comparing the effects of LED‐ vs. CCFL‐backlit displays on humans, resulting from the emitted amount of 464 nm light. The LED‐lit display causes significant effects on the user. We present a concept of a display with controllable 464 nm emission.
9.3: PowerEfficient LCTV with Smart Grid Demand Response Functionality
Authors: Kerofsky Louis , Daly Scott , Xu Xinyu , Deshpande Sachin , Yuan Chang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we extend the work on increasing energy efficiency of a TV to algorithms enabling extreme power reduction. Tools to maintain display performance at limited power are described. These tools can be intelligently managed to enable Demand Response functionality with a Smart Grid connected TV.