bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteosarcoma: an unusual thoracic metastasis
Authors: Charig M. J. , Golding S. J. , Lindsell D. R. M. 
Published: July 2009

Metastases from osteosarcoma often occur in the lungs, usually as multiple nodules but sometimes as a solitary mass. Lymph node involvement is unusual. We present a case of metastatic recurrence as a solitary, stellate, ossified, pulmonary mass extending across the pleura associated with ossified hilar lymphadenopathy.
A 15-year-old male, whose only previous medical history was resection of a right ventricular infundibular stenosis 18 months earlier, presented in November, 1987 with pain and swelling in the distal right femur. This proved on biopsy to be caused by an osteosarcoma, and after staging with chest radiograph, computed tomography (CT) and bone scintigraphy, no spread was evident. After three courses of cisplatinum and adriamycin, the distal femur containing the primary tumour was resected and a knee prosthesis inserted. Following three further courses of chemotherapy he. remained well for nearly a year, until March, 1989. A follow-up chest radiograph at this time revealed right paratracheal lymphadenopathy and an upper lobe mass (Fig. 1). A chest radiograph 2 months earlier had been normal. Computed tomography demonstrated an irregular, stellate mass with central ossification in the right upper lobe, extending supero-posteriorly, and ossifying lymphadenopathy around the upper lobe bronchus (Fig. 2). The latter was connected to the mass by strands of ossified material. Scintigraphy with 99Tcm-hydroxy methylene diphosphonate (99Tcm-HMDP) revealed intense uptake in the mass and nodes but no skeletal metastases (Fig. 3).
Can ultrasound replace the intravenous urogram?
Authors: Spencer J. A. , Lindsell D. R. M. , Mastorakou I. 
Published: July 2009

We read with interest the study of Lewis-Jones et al (1989) comparing ultrasound (US) with intravenous urography (IVU) in the preliminary investigation of renal tract disease.
We have compared the two prospectively, with an almost identical protocol, in adults referred for IVU to investigate urinary tract infection (UTI) and haematuria (excluding patients with traumatic haematuria or acute loin pain).
We would concur with their comments about the need to reduce the hazards of exposure to radiation (and to contrast media) in young women, a significant proportion of patients referred for investigation of UTI.
Glutathione and cysteine levels in human tumour biopsies
Authors: Guichard M. , Lespinasse F. , Estelin R. , Gerbaulet A. , Haie C. , Lartigau E. , Malaise E. P. , Micheau C. , Prade M. , Richard J. M. , Weeger P. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
There is evidence that some human tumours could be treated with a combination of buthionine sulfoximine and hypoxic cell sensitizers. However, clinical application of this technique requires a prior knowledge of the level of non-protein bound sulfhydryl (NPSH) compounds in these tumours. The present study provides data on the levels of glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (CYS) in human tumour biopsies from the cervix and from the head and neck. The NPSH compounds were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The median GSH values were 20.5 nmol/mg protein (cervix) and 23 nmol/mg protein (head and neck) while the median CYS values were 4.4 (cervix) and 4.2 nmol/mg protein (head and neck). The values varied widely from one patient to another.
Intraluminal irradiation in oesophageal tumours using the high-dose-rate Microselectron
Authors: Hay J. H. , Flores A. D. 
Published: July 2009

We were interested to read the technique for intraluminal irradiation of oesphageal tumours described by Burt and his colleagues (1989) and wish to comment on the conclusions that they have drawn from their limited experience with the highdose- rate Microselectron.
Since January 1985 we have used intraluminal radiotherapy as part of the treatment of more than 300 patients with either oesophageal or cardia tumours. These patients represent more than 90% of all the patients with oesphageal tumours referred to our centre.
Magnetic resonance of diseased skeletal muscle: combined T
1 measurement and chemical shift imaging
Authors: Lamminen Antti E. , Tanttu Jukka I. , Sepponen Raimo E. , Suramo Iikka J. I. , Pinko Helena 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Magnetic resonance examinations of skeletal muscle with differential T 1 relaxation time measurements were performed in 19 patients with muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies, and in eight control subjects. A field echo chemical shift imaging technique was used. Tx values of muscular tissue were measured from the primary composite images, and differential T 1 values were calculated separately from water and fat images. Longitudinal relaxation times of skeletal muscle were significantly increased in both dystrophies and myopathies. The results of differential relaxation time measurements suggest that intramuscular fat reduces the abnormal increase in T 1 of diseased muscle tissue. When characterizing diseases of skeletal muscle by T 1 relaxation time measurements, the contribution of secondary fatty infiltration must be considered.
Linear opacities as a feature of pneumocystis pneumonia
Authors: Page J. E. , Wilson A. G. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Linear opacities are generally regarded as uncommon in pneumocystis pneumonia. The authors' experience suggests this is not so, and that such opacities may have diagnostic value. Chest radiographs of 22 episodes of uncomplicated pneumocystis pneumonia were reviewed and linear opacities were present in nine episodes (41%). Similar opacities were present in 11 out of 121 cases of other pneumonias (9%). Characteristically the opacities are related to the acute illness, usually one to three in number, predominantly basal, 1–4 cm long and less than 2 mm thick. Other radiographic signs of pneumocystis pneumonia were present in all cases. The pathogenesis of these linear opacities is uncertain, but it is possible that they result from areas of sub-segmental atelectasis. The frequency of such linear opacities is much greater in pneumocystis pneumonia (four times) than in other pneumonias and they therefore have some diagnostic value.
A flat-top patient support for radiotherapy application computed tomographic scanning
Authors: Clark J. , Seaby A. W. , White M. V. 
Published: July 2009

Computed tomographic (CT) scans for radiotherapy treatment planning must be taken with the patient lying in a position that can be reproduced exactly on the simulator and treatment unit couches. For this reason, a flat-top patient support must be placed over the dished CT cradle. The insertion of additional material in the beam may degrade the quality of the image obtained. Therefore, it is desirable that the flat-top should have a high X-ray transmission. Other desirable characteristics are that it should be:
strong—the flat-top must not be distorted by the weight of the patient;
stable;
light and easy to handle and position;
comfortable;
easy to clean and resistant to biological fluids; low cost.
Computed tomography demonstration of portal venous gas after hepatic artery embolization
Authors: McCarthy P. , Adam A. , Jackson J. , Benjamin I. S. , Allison D. 
Published: July 2009

Hepatic portal venous gas is an entity frequently associated with a sinister outcome in infantile necrotizing enterocolitis, small bowel infarction and intra-abdominal sepsis (Sisley et al, 1987). A recent case report described its occurrence in a patient receiving monoclonal antibody therapy (Waymack et al, 1987). We describe a case in which portal venous gas appeared secondary to therapeutic embolization of the hepatic artery, a phenomenon which, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. The diagnosis was made by computed tomography (CT) and the gas remained in the portal system for at least 8 days.
A 22-year-old male patient was referred from another hospital following a road traffic accident 2 weeks previously. Laparotomy immediately after the accident had revealed two deep lacerations in the right lobe of liver which were controlled by suturing and drainage. Post-operatively the patient had a persistent pyrexia followed 2 weeks later by melaena and haematemesis associated with hypotension and right hypochondrial pain.
Ultrasound as part of a 1-day gastroenterology clinic: advantages and problems
Authors: Ryan S. , Chua A. , Clabby C. , Keeling P. W. N. , Fitzgerald E. J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Ultrasound was introduced into a 1-day gastroenterology clinic so that clinical assessment, endoscopy and ultrasound could be performed as appropriate in a single hospital visit. The findings in 602 patients are reported. A total of 256 (43%) patients underwent ultrasound, 35% of which showed positive findings including cholelithiasis in 12% and tumours in 7%. This system of referral for ultrasound is very convenient for patients and their general practitioner and is less costly than traditional referral methods. It is, however, time-consuming for the radiologist.
Comparison of iopromide and iopamidol in left ventricular angiography and in coronary angiography
Authors: Dyet J. F. , Carter E. C. , Hartley W. C. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A double blind randomized trial of two non-ionic contrast media—iopamidol and iopromide—was performed on 101 patients undergoing left ventriculography and coronary angiography. Both products performed well in the trial and there were no statistically significant differences in side effects, cardiovascular parameters, blood analysis or film quality between the two products.
Treatment outcome of spinal cord compression by nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Leung S. F. , Tsao S. Y. , Shiu Wesely 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Spinal cord compression occurred in 1.6% of a cohort of 626 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during a median follow-up period of 22 months. The degree of motor deficit before treatment was the most important predictor of subsequent motor recovery. One patient had complete reversal of motor deficit and returned to an ambulatory state by chemotherapy alone. The development of spinal cord compression was associated with a short life expectancy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Book reviews
Authors: Shaw P. J. 
Published: July 2009

This book is primarily concerned with breast sonography and covers basic technical aspects, benign and malignant disease in some detail, effects of iatrogenic procedures and blood flow assessment. It describes the evolution and illustrates the present state of breast sonography well. The chapter on benign breast disease is particularly informative and well illustrated, covering a wide range of topics from ductectasia, benign and other unusual benign tumours and indicates the difficulty in distinguishing a carcinoma from fibrocystic disease. Useful line drawings help to illustrate the text.
The editorial standard of the book is good, and the book is easy to read. It is reasonably indexed and very well referenced. There are an appropriate number of illustrations which are mainly of automated immersion scans with some real time scans. Both are of a high standard making interpretation of the former easy for ultrasonographers not used to this type of breast sonogram. The quality of reproduction is very high and labelling usually accurate. Many of the lesions are arrowed but there are still several rather subtle lesions which are not. Colour illustrations for thermography are included.
The role of Indium-labelled leukocyte imaging in pyrexia of unknown origin
Authors: Davies S. G. , Garvie N. W. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Indium-111-labelled white blood cell scanning is often used in the investigation of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) to locate an otherwise occult source of sepsis. From a series of 166 white blood cell studies performed for sepsis, 28 cases of true PUO were identified and reviewed. The sensitivity was 60% and specificity 70%, with a positive predictive value of 38% and negative predictive value of 90%. Only 11% of studies revealed a pyogenic cause for PUO. These results are discussed and the potential role of gallium scanning in PUO is raised.
Book reviews
Authors: Hunter G. J. 
Published: July 2009

This is a book of 311 pages in the usual format of multi-author chapters under the editorial control of Drs Wasserman and Ross.
The preface sets out the aims of the book and, in summary, these aims are fulfilled by 12 chapters covering all aspects of cardiovascular digital subtraction angiography (DSA).
In the introduction, one quibble is the use of “digitalization” when clearly the authors meant “digitization”, one referring to examination by the use of a finger, the other being the computerization of data! Otherwise the introduction covers briefly the history and present and future potential of subtraction angiography.
The antenatal diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung
Authors: Deacon C. S. , Smart P. J. , Rimmer S. 
Published: July 2009

Congenital cystic adenamatoid malformation (CCAM) is a rare pulmonary malformation characterized by the overgrowth of the terminal respiratory structures. Approximately 200 cases have been reported in the literature and the antenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography has been described in several case reports. We report two cases of this condition where the diagnosis was made antenatally. In the second case, the early diagnosis of the lethal microcystic form of the abnormality at a gestational age of 18 weeks allowed the elective termination of the pregnancy. This is the earliest diagnosis of this form of CCAM that has been reported.
A 28-year-old woman (gravida 3, para 1) was referred for a detailed antenatal scan after a scan at another hospital revealed multiple cysts within the right hemithorax. The detailed scan showed a single fetus of an estimated gestational age of 25 weeks (biparietal diameter, 6.8 cm; femur length, 4.5 cm; trunk circumference, 20.5 cm). There were multiple cysts in the right thorax with displacement of the mediastinum to the left (Fig. 1). There was no polyhydramnios or fetal hydrops. A differential diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia or congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung was made. The baby was delivered vaginally at 36 weeks and was clinically well. A chest radiograph showed patchy opacification in the right lower zone, but there was no evidence of a diaphragmatic hernia.
Is the coned lateral lumbosacral junction radiograph necessary for radiological diagnosis?
Authors: Lipton M. E. , Pellegrini V. , Harris I. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The lumbar spine radiographs of 400 orthopaedic outpatients were reviewed to determine if the absence of the coned lateral lumbosacral junction radiograph would lead to a loss in diagnostic accuracy. In 84 (21%) patients the antero-posterior and lateral lumbar spine radiographs failed to visualize adequately the lumbosacral junction. In these patients the coned lateral lumbosacral junction radiograph resulted in 17 (4.5%) diagnoses which would otherwise have been missed. The diagnoses were spondylosis (11), spondylolisthesis (3), spondylolysis (1), Paget's disease (1) and infection (1). Absence of the coned lateral lumbosacral radiograph will result in inadequate demonstration of the lumbosacral junction and a loss in diagnostic accuracy.
Metallic staples refluxing to the upper urinary tract: a source of renal calculi in patients with ileal conduit urinary diversion
Authors: McCarthy P. , Cheung L. , Hanno P. , Pollack H. M. 
Published: July 2009

Surgical stapling devices to close the proximal end of the isolated loop of an ileal urinary conduit have been used since the early 1970s (Assadnia et al, 1972). However, the occasional development of calculi forming around the metal staples has deterred uniform acceptance of this technique in spite of its advantages of speed and decreased post-operative morbidity (Assadnia et al, 1972; Bergman et al, 1978).
We describe two patients who presented to this hospital in recent months, in whom surgical staples migrated proximally into the renal pelvis, becoming the nidus for stone formation in one of the patients.
Fetal blood sampling from the intrahepatic vein for rapid karyotyping in the second and third trimesters
Authors: Nicolaidis Peter , Nicolini Umberto , Fisk Nicholas M. , Tannirandorn Yuen , Nasrat Hassan , Rodeck Charles H. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
One hundred and twelve fetuses with structural anomalies (n = 84), intrauterine growth retardation (n = 21) or amniotic fluid volume disorders (n = 7) detected by ultrasound underwent blood sampling from the intrahepatic vein for rapid karyotyping. The procedure was successful in 95.5%. 12.5% of the fetuses had an abnormal karyotype. Fetal bradycardia was observed in two fetuses (1.8%) and intraperitoneal bleeding in three (2.7%). There were three procedure-related losses but these were not due to the intrahepatic vein sampling itself. Fetal blood sampling is the method of choice for rapid karyotyping in the second and third trimesters, and the intrahepatic vein is an alternate site when access is difficult or failure to sample occurs at the placental cord insertion. Additional advantages of fetal blood sampling at the intrahepatic vein include absence of cord complications, reduced risk of fetal blood loss and fetomaternal haemorrhage, and the lack of need to confirm the fetal origin of the sample.
Stage distribution of breast cancer: a basis for the evaluation of breast screening programmes
Authors: Bull A. , Mountney L. , Sanderson H. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Stage at presentation can be predictive of future mortality rates. A change in stage distribution will be indicative of the effect of a programme. All registrations for 1985 aged over 50 years were staged from case notes and, to assess whether a stage drift is already occurring, cases that presented in 1975 were also staged. The accuracy and completeness of the Wessex Cancer Register for this particular cancer was assessed and further sources of registration identified. There was a significant difference between 1975 and 1985 stage distributions. If the Southampton and Salisbury service achieves the same success as the Gavleborg County trials, 4.61 deaths will be prevented at 5 years for each annual cohort of cases. For individual breast screening programmes, effectiveness is better monitored by analysis of stage distribution than of mortality rates.
Assessment of a radiotherapy beam analyser
Authors: Mills J. A. , Martin-Smith P. 
Published: July 2009

A Protea Systems Corporation Radiation Beam Analyser (RBA-3) was acquired by this department with a view to providing non-Physics personnel with an easyto- use system to monitor both photon and electron output. The manufacturer describes the RBA-3 as not only fulfilling the above requirement reliably but also as providing a check on field flatness and symmetry. It is one of several commercially available systems for this type of application.
Having acquired the RBA-3 and made appropriate Perspex build-up, its performance was assessed. The accuracy and precision of the RBA-3 was compared with the standard routine calibration facilities used in the department.
Standard dosimetry calibrations and output checks are made using both NE 2570 and NE 2500/IONEX electrometers with NE 2571 graphite chambers. Machine calibrations are maintained in accordance with uncertainties specified in ICRU 24 and are done in the standard manner. A 10 cm × 10 cm field is set at a source-skin distance (SSD) equal to the source to axis distance (SAD) of high energy machines. The chamber is placed 5 cm deep in a closed water phantom which has been cross calibrated against an open water phantom. Field symmetry is monitored weekly using the closed water phantom and monthly using a full field inair scanner. The flatness of the accelerators at Coventry are in compliance with the IEC specification (1979) which concerns the uniformity variation across a field area defined geometrically relative to field edges determined at 50% of the central axis dose.
A comparison between iotrolan, a non-ionic dimer, and a hyperosmolar contrast medium, Urografin, in hysterosalpingography
Authors: Brokensha Candice , Whitehouse Graham 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
For hysterosalpingography, there were no significant differences between the non-ionic dimeric contrast medium iotrolan (300 mgI/%) and Urografin (370 mgI/%) with regard to ease of application or radiographic quality, and both agents were equally suitable. There were no significant differences between two groups of patients with regard to pain due to instrumentation, pain at the time of injection and pain up to 2 h after the procedure. There was a significant difference (p = 0.04) between the two groups with respect to delayed pain, when iotrolan was associated with a lower incidence and decreased severity of delayed pain. There were no differences in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, headache and syncope. No allergic phenomena were seen in either group.
Sling left pulmonary artery with congenital airway stenosis: non-invasive investigation and conservative management?
Authors: Hendry G. M. A. , Edmunds A. T. , Marshall T. G. , Chalmers N. 
Published: July 2009

A 3-month-old boy presented with a short history progressive respiratory distress and stridor. A chest radiograph showed mediastinal shift to the right. A high-kV radiograph showed apparent complete occlusion of the right main bronchus (RMB) about 1 cm from the carina.
At bronchoscopy the RMB was thought to be compressed an extrinsic mass. Adequate ventilation was impossible. Blood gases showed respiratory acidosis. A thoracotomy failed reveal any mass compressing the RMB. Repeat bronchoscopy confirmed a “pit-like” RMB orifice and an inflamed and narrowed left main bronchus (LMB). A brief cardiac arrest followed bronchoscopy. He was successfully resuscitated with adrenaline instilled into the endotracheal tube. Post-operatively, ventilation pressures of 60/15 were required to maintain slight chest movement and acceptable blood gases. He was treated with nebulized adrenaline, ribavirin, steroids and antibiotics. He gradually improved and was extubated after 11 days.
Metastatic squamous carcinoma in the neck: an anatomical and physiological study using CT and SPECT 99Tcm(V) DMSA
Authors: Watkinson J. C. , Lazarus C. R. , Todd C. , Maisey M. N. , Clarke S. E. M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Technetium-99m (99Tcm)(V) dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) is a new tumour imaging agent that has been used to image squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. This study has been undertaken to compare clinical examination with computed tomography (CT) (anatomical) and SPECT 99Tcm(V) DMSA (physiological) imaging in the evaluation of metastatic SCC of the neck. Twenty-five patients with head and neck cancer were studied. Computed tomography was as sensitive but more accurate than clinical examination in predicting the presence of cancer. SPECT 99Tcm(V) DMSA was inferior to both techniques in identifying metastatic disease. There is no role for SPECT 99Tcm (V)DMSA imaging in the management of patients with SCC metastatic to the neck.Combined imaging with CT offered no advantages over anatomical imaging withCT alone. There is no role for CT in the routine evaluation of the clinically N0 neck and the role of CT of the neck in the management of patients with metastatic SCC is discussed.
Spontaneous disappearance of a staghorn calculus
Authors: McGann G. , Grant D. , Miller R. 
Published: July 2009

A case of spontaneous dissolution of a staghorn calculus is presented. Disappearance of such a stone in the absence of long term antimicrobial therapy has not been described previously.
A 68-year-old insulin dependent diabetic woman was admitted to hospital with a 3 day history of malaise, confusion and vomiting. On examination she was pyrexial with tenderness in her lower abdomen. A clinical diagnosis of pyelonephritis was made.