bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freshwater microalgae Nannochloropsis limnetica for the production of β-galactosidase from whey powder
Authors: Li Yuchen , Miros Svitlana , Eckhardt Hans-Georg , Blanco Alfonso , Mulcahy Shane , Tiwari Brijesh Kumar , Halim Ronald 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the first-ever reported use of freshwater Nannochloropsis for the bioremediation of dairy processing side streams and co-generation of valuable products, such as β-galactosidase enzyme. In this study, N. limnetica was found to grow rapidly on both autoclaved and non-autoclaved whey-powder media (referred to dairy processing by-product or DPBP) without the need of salinity adjustment or nutrient additions, achieving a biomass concentration of 1.05–1.36 g L−1 after 8 days. The species secreted extracellular β-galactosidase (up to 40.84 ± 0.23 U L−1) in order to hydrolyse lactose in DPBP media into monosaccharides prior to absorption into biomass, demonstrating a mixotrophic pathway for lactose assimilation. The species was highly effective as a bioremediation agent, being able to remove > 80% of total nitrogen and phosphate in the DPBP medium within two days across all cultures. Population analysis using flow cytometry and multi-channel/multi-staining methods revealed that the culture grown on non-autoclaved medium contained a high initial bacterial load, comprising both contaminating bacteria in the medium and phycosphere bacteria associated with the microalgae. In both autoclaved and non-autoclaved DPBP media, Nannochloropsis cells were able to establish a stable microalgae–bacteria interaction, suppressing bacterial takeover and emerging as dominant population (53–80% of total cells) in the cultures. The extent of microalgal dominance, however, was less prominent in the non-autoclaved media. High initial bacterial loads in these cultures had mixed effects on microalgal performance, promoting β-galactosidase synthesis on the one hand while competing for nutrients and retarding microalgal growth on the other. These results alluded to the need of effective pre-treatment step to manage bacterial population in microalgal cultures on DPBP. Overall, N. limnetica cultures displayed competitive β-galactosidase productivity and propensity for efficient nutrient removal on DPBP medium, demonstrating their promising nature for use in the valorisation of dairy side streams.
Intermediate multidomain state in single-crystalline Mn-doped BiFeO3 thin films during ferroelectric polarization switching
Authors: Nakashima Seiji , Kimura Koji , Happo Naohisa , Ang Artoni Kevin R. , Yamamoto Yuta , Sekhar Halubai , Osaka Ai I. , Hayashi Koichi , Fujisawa Hironori 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA intermediate multidomain state and large crystallographic tilting of 1.78° for the (hh0)pc planes of a (001)pc-oriented single-domain Mn-doped BiFeO3 (BFMO) thin film were found when an electric field was applied along the [110]pc direction. The anomalous crystallographic tilting was caused by ferroelastic domain switching of the 109° domain switching. In addition, ferroelastic domain switching occurred via an intermediate multidomain state. To investigate these switching dynamics under an electric field, we used in situ fluorescent X-ray induced Kossel line pattern measurements with synchrotron radiation. In addition, in situ inverse X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) experiments revealed that atomic displacement occurred under an applied electric field. We attributed the atomic displacement to crystallographic tilting induced by a converse piezoelectric effect. Our findings provide important insights for the design of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials and devices.
Exposure assessment of dairy cows to parabens using hair samples analysis
Authors: Gonkowski Slawomir , Tzatzarakis Manolis , Kadyralieva Nariste , Vakonaki Elena , Lamprakis Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParabens (PBs) are used as preservatives in various products. They pollute the environment and penetrate living organisms, showing endocrine disrupting activity. Till now studies on long-term exposure of farm animals to PBs have not been performed. Among matrices using in PBs biomonitoring hair samples are becoming more and more important. During this study concentration levels of methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP) butyl paraben (BuP) and benzyl paraben (BeP) were evaluated using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in hair samples collected from dairy cows bred in the Kyrgyz Republic. MeP was noted in 93.8% of samples (with mean concentration levels 62.2 ± 61.8 pg/mg), PrP in 16.7% of samples (12.4 ± 6.5 pg/mg) and EtP in 8.3% of samples (21.4 ± 11.9 pg/mg). BuP was found only in one sample (2.1%) and BeP was not detected in any sample included in the study. Some differences in MeP concentration levels in the hair samples depending on district, where cows were bred were noted. This study has shown that among PBs, dairy cows are exposed mainly to MeP, and hair samples may be a suitable matrix for research on PBs levels in farm animals.
Agricultural landscape simplification affects wild plant reproduction indirectly through herbivore-mediated changes in floral display
Authors: Schroeder Hayley , Salzberg Annika , Grab Heather , Crowther Shea , Hale Casey , Poveda Katja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs natural landscapes are modified and converted into simplified agricultural landscapes, the community composition and interactions of organisms persisting in these modified landscapes are altered. While many studies examine the consequences of these changing interactions for crops, few have evaluated the effects on wild plants. Here, we examine how pollinator and herbivore interactions affect reproductive success for wild resident and phytometer plants at sites along a landscape gradient ranging from natural to highly simplified. We tested the direct and indirect effects of landscape composition on plant traits and reproduction mediated by insect interactions. For phytometer plants exposed to herbivores, we found that greater landscape complexity corresponded with elevated herbivore damage, which reduced total flower production but increased individual flower size. Though larger flowers increased pollination, the reduction in flowers ultimately reduced plant reproductive success. Herbivory was also higher in complex landscapes for resident plants, but overall damage was low and therefore did not have a cascading effect on floral display and reproduction. This work highlights that landscape composition directly affects patterns of herbivory with cascading effects on pollination and wild plant reproduction. Further, the absence of an effect on reproduction for resident plants suggests that they may be adapted to their local insect community.
CD248-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer via inducing M2-polarized macrophages
Authors: Xiao Jing , Yang Zeyang , Wang Siyu , Liu Xinlei , Wang Yun , Hu Zuquan , Zeng Zhu , Wu Jieheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-originating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) expressing CD248 regulate interaction with immune cells to accelerate cancer progression. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key feature of metastatic cells. In our pervious study, we found that CD248+CAFs activated M2-polarized macrophages, enhancing the progression of NSCLC. However, it is yet unclear how CD248+CAFs inducing M2-polarized macrophages induce EMT program in NSCLC cells. Herein, we examined CD248 expression from CAFs derived from NSCLC patient tumour tissues. Furthermore, we determined the influence of CD248 knock down CAFs on macrophages polarization. Next, we explored the influences of CD248-harboring CAFs-mediated M2 macrophage polarization to promote NSCLC cells EMT in vitro. We constructed fibroblasts specific CD248 gene knock out mice to examine the significance of CD248-harboring CAFs-induced M2-polarized macrophages to promote NSCLC cells EMT in vivo. Based on our analysis, CD248 is ubiquitously expressed within NSCLC-originating CAFs. CD248+CAFs mediated macrophages polarized to M2 type macrophages. CD248+CAFs induced M2 macrophage polarization to enhance NSCLC cells EMT both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings indicate that CD248-harboring CAFs promote NSCLC cells EMT by regulating M2-polarized macrophages.
Heat shock protein 70 is associated with duration of cell proliferation in early pod development of soybean
Authors: Tanaka Seiya , Ariyoshi Yuri , Taniguchi Takatoshi , Nakagawa Andressa C. S. , Hamaoka Norimitsu , Iwaya-Inoue Mari , Suriyasak Chetphilin , Ishibashi Yushi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPod is an important organ for seed production in soybean. Pod size varies among soybean cultivars, but the mechanism is largely unknown. Here we reveal one of the factors for pod size regulation. We investigate pod size differences between two cultivars. The longer pod of ‘Tachinagaha’ is due to more cell number than in the short pod of ‘Iyodaizu’. POD SIZE OF SOYBEAN 8 (GmPSS8), a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family, is identified as a candidate gene for determining pod length in a major QTL for pod length. Expression of GmPSS8 in pods is higher in ‘Tachinagaha’ than ‘Iyodaizu’ and is highest in early pod development. The difference in expression is the result of an in/del polymorphism　which includes an enhancer motif. Treatment with an HSP70 inhibitor reduces pod length and cell number in the pod. Additionally, shorter pods in Arabidopsis hsp70-1/-4 double mutant are rescued by overexpression of GmPSS8. Our results identify GmPSS8 as a target gene for pod length, which regulates cell number during early pod development through regulation of transcription in soybean. Our findings provide the mechanisms of pod development and suggest possible strategies enhancing yield potential in soybean.
Reconciling privacy and accuracy in AI for medical imaging
Authors: Ziller Alexander , Mueller Tamara T. , Stieger Simon , Feiner Leonhard F. , Brandt Johannes , Braren Rickmer , Rueckert Daniel , Kaissis Georgios 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) models are vulnerable to information leakage of their training data, which can be highly sensitive, for example, in medical imaging. Privacy-enhancing technologies, such as differential privacy (DP), aim to circumvent these susceptibilities. DP is the strongest possible protection for training models while bounding the risks of inferring the inclusion of training samples or reconstructing the original data. DP achieves this by setting a quantifiable privacy budget. Although a lower budget decreases the risk of information leakage, it typically also reduces the performance of such models. This imposes a trade-off between robust performance and stringent privacy. Additionally, the interpretation of a privacy budget remains abstract and challenging to contextualize. Here we contrast the performance of artificial intelligence models at various privacy budgets against both theoretical risk bounds and empirical success of reconstruction attacks. We show that using very large privacy budgets can render reconstruction attacks impossible, while drops in performance are negligible. We thus conclude that not using DP at all is negligent when applying artificial intelligence models to sensitive data. We deem our results to lay a foundation for further debates on striking a balance between privacy risks and model performance.
Single-nucleus sequencing reveals enriched expression of genetic risk factors in extratelencephalic neurons sensitive to degeneration in ALS
Authors: Limone Francesco , Mordes Daniel A. , Couto Alexander , Joseph Brian J. , Mitchell Jana M. , Therrien Martine , Ghosh Sulagna Dia , Meyer Daniel , Zhang Yingying , Goldman Melissa , Bortolin Laura , Cobos Inma , Stevens Beth , McCarroll Steven A. , Kadiu Irena , Burberry Aaron , Pietiläinen Olli , Eggan Kevin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of motor function linked to degenerating extratelencephalic neurons/Betz cells (ETNs). The reasons why these neurons are selectively affected remain unclear. Here, to understand the unique molecular properties that may sensitize ETNs to ALS, we performed RNA sequencing of 79,169 single nuclei from cortices of patients and controls. In both patients and unaffected individuals, we found significantly higher expression of ALS risk genes in THY1+ ETNs, regardless of diagnosis. In patients, this was accompanied by the induction of genes involved in protein homeostasis and stress responses that were significantly induced in a wide collection of ETNs. Examination of oligodendroglial and microglial nuclei revealed patient-specific downregulation of myelinating genes in oligodendrocytes and upregulation of an endolysosomal reactive state in microglia. Our findings suggest that selective vulnerability of extratelencephalic neurons is partly connected to their intrinsic molecular properties sensitizing them to genetics and mechanisms of degeneration.
A graph embedding‐based approach for automatic cyber‐physical power system risk assessment to prevent and mitigate threats at scale
Authors: Sun Shining , Huang Hao , Payne Emily , Hossain‐McKenzie Shamina , Jacobs Nicholas , Poor H. Vincent , Layton Astrid , Davis Katherine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPower systems are facing an increasing number of cyber incidents, potentially leading to damaging consequences to both physical and cyber aspects. However, the development of analytical methods for the study of large‐scale power infrastructures as cyber‐physical systems is still in its early stages. Drawing inspiration from machine‐learning techniques, the authors introduce a method inspired by the principles of graph embedding that is tailored for quantitative risk assessment and the exploration of possible mitigation strategies of large‐scale cyber‐physical power systems. The primary advantage of the graph embedding approach lies in its ability to generate numerous random walks on a graph, simulating potential access paths. Meanwhile, it enables capturing high‐dimensional structures in low‐dimensional spaces, facilitating advanced machine‐learning applications, and ensuring scalability and adaptability for comprehensive network analysis. By employing this graph embedding‐based approach, the authors present a structured and methodical framework for risk assessment in cyber‐physical systems. The proposed graph embedding‐based risk analysis framework aims to provide a more insightful perspective on cyber‐physical risk assessment and situation awareness for power systems. To validate and demonstrate its applicability, the method has been tested on two cyber‐physical power system models: the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) 9‐Bus System and the Illinois 200‐Bus System, thereby showing its advantages in enhancing the accuracy of risk analysis and comprehensiveness of situational awareness.
Traitement du diabète sucré : choisir l’insuline la plus adaptée (type, dose, fréquence)
Authors: Canonne-Guibert Morgane 
Published: June 2024

Le diabète sucré est une endocrinopathie se définissant par une insuffisance absolue en insuline (chez le chien) ou une insuffisance relative (secondaire à une glucotoxicité, chez le chat), à l’origine d’un déséquilibre dans l’homéostasie glucidique. L’insulinothérapie est l’une des pierres angulaires de la prise en charge thérapeutique d’un chien ou d’un chat diabétique.Le clinicien doit alors relever le défi de prescrire l’insuline la plus adaptée et ce choix repose, le plus souvent, sur la considération de l’espèce (chatvschien), la situation clinique (acidocétosevsdiabète sucré stable, existence de comorbidités occasionnant une insulinorésistance) et la possibilité ou non d’une administration par un stylo injecteur.Enfin, une évolution clinique et biologique peu satisfaisante peut conduire le praticien à choisir une insuline de 2deintention selon certains critères (durée d’action différente, correction d’une grande variabilité glycémique).
Défi thérapeutique du diabète sucré chez le chat : les clés pour obtenir une rémission du diabète
Authors: Kurtz Maxime , Benchekroun Ghita 
Published: June 2024

En médecine vétérinaire, la possibilité de rémission diabétique constitue une spécificité du chat. Elle est définie par la résolution de l’hyperglycémie et des signes cliniques associés à la maladie pendant plus de quatre semaines consécutives, chez un animal ne recevant pas d’insuline exogène. Elle est rendue possible par le caractère souvent réversible des phénomènes de glucotoxicité et d’insulinorésistance : l’administration initiale d’insuline exogène conduit à une diminution de la glycémie moyenne, ayant pour résultat une reprise des capacités sécrétoires d’insuline endogène, et donc l’amélioration du tableau clinique.
L’entrée en rémission diabétique est le plus souvent favorisée par une gestion rigoureuse du diabète sucré, associant une prise en charge alimentaire (régime humide et pauvre en glucides), une perte de poids en cas d’obésité, et un contrôle glycémique rapproché. Cette approche peut être perçue comme lourde, et altérer la qualité de vie du propriétaire ou de l’animal.
Une rechute est attendue chez environ un tiers des chats entrant en phase de rémission diabétique. Elle peut survenir dans les mois ou années suivant cette dernière. La prévention de la rechute est difficile, mais repose sur l’éviction du phénomène de glucotoxicité, principalement permis par le maintien d’une alimentation pauvre en glucides. Des traitements médicamenteux adjuvants pourraient, à l’avenir, concourir à maintenir le statut de rémission au long terme.
Protein Intake and Bone Health in the Elderly
Authors: Götz Helene Josefa , Amrein Karin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProtein plays an important role in muscle and bone metabolism. This is of great
importance for optimal bone health, especially in the elderly, in sarcopenia and
osteoporosis. Adequate protein intake is a prerequisite for optimal
musculoskeletal health and efficient strength training. Protein is one of the
macronutrients and besides calcium the most abundant structural component of our
musculoskeletal system. However, elderly subjects often consume too little
protein. In 2017, the revised reference values in the D-A-CH region were
increased for adults>65 years to 1.0 g protein/kg (ideal) body weight [BW]/
day and ESPEN even advocates for an intake of 1.0–1.5 g protein/kg BW/ day. Many
elderly people, especially women do not meet these targets. In our experience,
there is a fundamental misconception that protein needs can only be met
consuming animal products. Many studies have investigated whether sufficient
protein intake has a positive effect on bone. In this short review, the
importance of protein for bone and the problem of inadequate protein intake in
sarcopenia will be discussed and the most relevant clinical guidelines and
studies will be presented. For practical use, we give examples of omnivore and
vegetarian meal plans and important protein sources (plant and animal origin)
are given. Usually, the minimal demands can easily be met with simple
nutritional advice. Sometimes however, additional protein supplements (often
liquids, puddings, powders) are needed, especially in nursing home residents,
and when poor appetite or dysphagia impair appropriate caloric and protein
intake.
Chondrocutaneous Custom-made Graft for Upper Lateral and Alar Cartilage Nose Reconstruction: The T Graft
Authors: Recchi Vania , Pau Alberto , Talevi Davide , Russo Simone , Torresetti Matteo , Di Benedetto Giovanni 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUpper lateral cartilage and alar cartilage nose reconstruction secondary to failed aesthetic procedure or tumor excision, surely represents a reconstructive challenge for plastic surgeons, because of the support needed and for the function of the internal nasal valve (INV).Several scientific publications deal with internal nasal reconstructive techniques, including simple homologous or heterologous tissue grafts.We describe a new hybrid chondrocutaneous graft used for reconstruction of the upper lateral cartilage and a portion of the alar cartilage (cephalic part), excised with the adherent nasal mucosa (in correspondence with INV), included in the tumor mass.
Revolutionizing education: unleashing the power of social media in Saudi Arabian public universities
Authors: Alshammari Mohammad Mulayh , Al-Mamary Yaser Hasan , Abubakar Aliyu Alhaji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines the influence of social media on learning and education inside higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia. This study attempts to utilize the e-learning acceptance model (e-LAM) in order to identify some of the variables that impact Saudi students’ inclination to utilize social media for educational purposes at higher learning institutions in Saudi Arabia. The e-LAM draws on a number of different theoretical viewpoints in order to present a more comprehensive picture of the variables that encourage the use of social media in learning and education in Saudi Arabian higher education institutions while students are enrolled in universities. The study’s survey was completed by 369 undergraduates’ participants enrolled in various academic programs and different educational levels. With the use of structural equation modeling, the analysis was carried out in order to investigate the correlations that existed between the variables that were stated in the conceptual model. Social media adoption intentions in Saudi Arabian higher education institutions were found to be significantly related to performance and self, supporting hypotheses 3 and 4, while communication functionality (COM) and effort (E) were found to be not significant towards Saudi Arabian students’ intentions to adopt social media, thus rejecting hypotheses 1 and 2.
High precision three-dimensional ellipse fitting correction for galloping monitoring
Authors: Ma Yongqiang , Zhang Haifeng , Dai Xiang , Zhang Jiangtao , Gong Yu , Helen Law , Ye Baoan 
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a high precision three-dimensional (3D) ellipse fitting correction method for optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW) galloping monitoring, based on weak fiber Bragg grating array. 3D ellipse formed by three outputs of the system is fitted by the coordinate rotation and least square methods, and direct current (DC) components and alternate current (AC) component coefficients of the three outputs are obtained. By differentiating and cross-multiplying the three outputs, those DC components are zeroized, AC component coefficients are normalized, and finally, the interference phase signal is calculated. The experimental results show that the proposed method can demodulate the vibration signals better, and the fitted R2 is above 0.99. The system is implemented on a 220 kV transmission line in the plateau region of Western China, forecasting a galloping period with a wavelength of about 60 m within the span accurately. This method demonstrates suitability for monitoring OPGW transmission line galloping events.