bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review/meta-analysis of primary research investigating swine, pork or pork products as a source of zoonotic hepatitis E virus
Authors: WILHELM B. J. , RAJIĆ A. , GREIG J. , WADDELL L. , TROTTIER G. , HOUDE A. , HARRIS J. , BORDEN L. N. , PRICE C. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe objectives of our study were to identify and categorize primary research investigating swine/pork as a source of zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) using the relatively new technique of scoping study, and to investigate the potential association between human exposure to swine/pork and HEV infection quantitatively using systematic review/meta-analysis methodology. From 1890 initially identified abstracts, 327 were considered for the review. Five study design types (cross-sectional, prevalence, genotyping, case-report and experimental transmission studies) were identified. A significant association between occupational exposure to swine and human HEV IgG seropositivity was reported in 10/13 cross-sectional studies. The association reported between pork consumption and HEV IgG seropositivity was inconsistent. The quantification of viral load in swine and retail pork, viral load required for infection in primates, cohort and case-control studies in humans, and formal risk assessment are recommended before specific public-health policy actions are taken.
Carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii: diversity of resistant mechanisms and risk factors for infection
Authors: KIM Y. J. , KIM S. I. , KIM Y. R. , HONG K. W. , WIE S. H. , PARK Y. J. , JEONG H. , KANG M. W. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYCarbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) are an increasing infectious threat in hospitals. We investigated the clinical epidemiology of CRAB infectionsvs. colonization in patients, and examined the mechanisms of resistance associated with elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for carbapenems. From January to June 2009, 75 CRAB strains were collected. CRAB infection was significantly associated with malignancy and a high APACHE II score. The most dominant resistance mechanism was ISAba1preceding OXA-51, producing strains with overexpression of efflux pump. Strains carryingblaOXA-23-like enzymes had higher carbapenem MICs than those carryingblaOXA-51-like enzymes; however, the presence of multiple mechanisms did not result in increased resistance to carbapenems. There was no difference in the resistance mechanisms in strains from infected and colonized patients. The majority of strains were genetically diverse by DNA macrorestriction although there was evidence of clonal spread of four clusters of strains in patients.
Perceived discrimination, serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region status, and the development of conduct problems
Authors: Brody Gene H. , Beach Steven R. H. , Chen Yi-Fu , Obasi Ezemenari , Philibert Robert A. , Kogan Steven M. , Simons Ronald L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study examined the prospective relations of adolescents' perceptions of discrimination and their genetic status with increases in conduct problems. Participants were 461 African American youths residing in rural Georgia (Wave 1 mean age = 15.5 years) who provided three waves of data and a saliva sample from which a polymorphism in the SCL6A4 (serotonin transporter [5-HTT]) gene polymorphism known as the 5-HTT linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) was genotyped. Data analyses using growth curve modeling indicated that perceived discrimination was significantly related to the slope of conduct problems. As hypothesized, interactions between perceived discrimination and genetic status emerged for male but not female youths. Compared with those carrying two copies of the long allele variant of 5-HTTLPR, male youths carrying one or two copies of its short allele variant evinced higher rates of conduct problems over time when they perceived high levels of racial discrimination. These findings are consistent with resilience and differential susceptibility propositions stating that genes can both foster sensitivity to adverse events and confer protection from those events.
Effortful control as predictor of adolescents' psychological and physiological responses to a social stress test: The Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey
Authors: Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Hartman Catharina A. , Nederhof Esther , Riese Harriëtte , Ormel Johan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEffortful control is thought to foster adaptive action in defensive contexts and may thereby protect individuals against anxious inhibition and focus on their own distress. We examined if effortful control predicted adolescents' perceived arousal, unpleasantness, and control as well as autonomic (heart rate [HR]) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (cortisol) responses during social stress. The data came from a focus sample of the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey, a prospective population study of Dutch adolescents (N = 715, 50.9% girls; mean age = 16.11, SD = 0.59), who participated in a laboratory session including a social stress task (public speaking and mental arithmetic). Perceived and physiological stress measures were assessed before, during, and after the social stress task. Effortful control was measured using various questionnaires and informants, as well as by means of a reaction time (RT) task assessing response inhibition. Overall, adolescents with high questionnaire-based effortful control tended to feel more relaxed, pleasant, and in control during the laboratory session than adolescents with lower levels of control and had stronger HR responses to the stress test. Adolescent girls with high inhibitory control as measured by the RT task also had strong HR responses, but inhibitory control was associated with high rather than low perceived arousal. Our results suggest that both questionnaire and RT measures of effortful control predict strong HR responses to challenging situations, but associational patterns diverge with regard to perceived stress measures.
Foundations of posttraumatic stress disorder: Does early life trauma lead to adult posttraumatic stress disorder?
Authors: Pratchett Laura C. , Yehuda Rachel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effects of childhood abuse are diverse, and although pathology is not the only outcome, psychiatric illness, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), can develop. However, adult PTSD is less common among those who experienced single-event traumas as children than it is among those who experienced childhood abuse. In addition, PTSD is more common among adults than children who experienced childhood abuse. Such evidence raises doubt about the direct, causal link between childhood trauma and adult PTSD. The experience of childhood trauma, and in particular abuse, has been identified as a risk factor for subsequent development of PTSD following exposure to adult trauma, and a substantial literature identifies revictimization as a factor that plays a pivotal role in this trajectory. The literature on the developmental effects of childhood abuse and pathways to revictimization, when considered in tandem with the biological effects of early stress in animal models, may provide some explanations for this. Specifically, it seems possible that permanent sensitization of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and behavioral outcomes are a consequence of childhood abuse, and these combine with the impact of retraumatization to sustain, perpetuate, and amplify symptomatology of those exposed to maltreatment in childhood.
Interparental aggression, attention skills, and early childhood behavior problems
Authors: Towe-Goodman Nissa R. , Stifter Cynthia A. , Coccia Michael A. , Cox Martha J. ,   The Family Life Project Key Investigators
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe current study explored longitudinal associations between interparental aggression, the development of child attention skills, and early childhood behavior problems in a diverse sample of 636 families living in predominately low-income, nonmetropolitan communities. The results of latent-variable, cross-lagged longitudinal models revealed that maternal-reported interparental aggression in infancy predicted reduced observed attention skills in toddlerhood; no association was observed, however, between attention in infancy and interparental aggression during the toddler years. Further, reduced toddler attention and high interparental aggression were both associated with increased risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and conduct problems at 3 years of age. Processes largely operated in similar ways regardless of child gender or low-income status, although a few differences were observed. Overall, the results suggest that interparental aggression undermines attention development, putting children's early behavioral adjustment at risk.
Joint trajectories for social and physical aggression as predictors of adolescent maladjustment: Internalizing symptoms, rule-breaking behaviors, and borderline and narcissistic personality features
Authors: Underwood Marion K. , Beron Kurt J. , Rosen Lisa H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis investigation examined the relation between developmental trajectories jointly estimated for social and physical aggression and adjustment problems at age 14. Teachers provided ratings of children's social and physical aggression in Grades 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 for a sample of 255 children (131 girls, 21% African American, 52% European American, 21% Mexican American). Participants, parents, and teachers completed measures of the adolescent's adjustment to assess internalizing symptoms, rule-breaking behaviors, and borderline and narcissistic personality features. Results showed that membership in a high and rising trajectory group predicted rule-breaking behaviors and borderline personality features. Membership in a high desister group predicted internalizing symptoms, rule-breaking behaviors, and borderline and narcissistic personality features. The findings suggest that although low levels of social and physical aggression may not bode poorly for adjustment, individuals engaging in high levels of social and physical aggression in middle childhood may be at greatest risk for adolescent psychopathology, whether they increase or desist in their aggression through early adolescence.
Prenatal stress and risk of behavioral morbidity from age 2 to 14 years: The influence of the number, type, and timing of stressful life events
Authors: Robinson Monique , Mattes Eugen , Oddy Wendy H. , Pennell Craig E. , van Eekelen Anke , McLean Neil J. , Jacoby Peter , Li Jianghong , De Klerk Nicholas H. , Zubrick Stephen R. , Stanley Fiona J. , Newnham John P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe maternal experience of stressful events during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse consequences for behavioral development in offspring, but the measurement and interpretation of prenatal stress varies among reported studies. The Raine Study recruited 2900 pregnancies and recorded life stress events experienced by 18 and 34 weeks' gestation along with numerous sociodemographic data. The mother's exposure to life stress events was further documented when the children were followed-up in conjunction with behavioral assessments at ages 2, 5, 8, 10, and 14 years using the Child Behavior Checklist. The maternal experience of multiple stressful events during pregnancy was associated with subsequent behavioral problems for offspring. Independent (e.g., death of a relative, job loss) and dependent stress events (e.g., financial problems, marital problems) were both significantly associated with a greater incidence of mental health morbidity between age 2 and 14 years. Exposure to stressful events in the first 18 weeks of pregnancy showed similar associations with subsequent total and externalizing morbidity to events reported at 34 weeks of gestation. These results were independent of postnatal stress exposure. Improved support for women with chronic stress exposure during pregnancy may improve the mental health of their offspring in later life.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE HEADSCARF BAN ON WOMEN IN TURKEY
Authors: Guveli Ayse 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
The headscarf ban in Turkey has provoked heated debate both in and outside the country. A great deal of research considers the broader philosophical, political, historical, and social implications of the ban but to this point, no large-scale study has focused on the social and economic implications for the women themselves. This study addresses this issue, arguing that the intensification of the ban after the 1980s served the exclusionist aims of the elite to protect their privileged positions and to slow social and regional mobility. Using data collected in 2007 from 1,206 women, we show that women have been affected negatively in a variety of ways. Veiled women have a significantly lower level of education and are substantially more likely to be unemployed than unveiled women. Veiled women from cities where the ruling party argues for banning the headscarf in the public domain have lower levels of education and a higher level of unemployment than veiled women in cities where the ruling party is against the ban.
Effects of Pearling, Grinding Conditions, and Roller Mill Flow on the Yield and Composition of Milled Products from Hull‐less Barley
Authors: Izydorczyk M. S. , McMillan T. L. , Kletke J. B. , Dexter J. E. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTTwo hull‐less barley cultivars, one with waxy starch and the other with high‐amylose starch, were roller‐milled unpearled and after 15% pearling. Flows of varying length, with diverse roll settings and roll surfaces were used to determine effects on the yield, composition, and properties of milled products. Similar trends were noted for the two cultivars. When using a short flow comprising four break passages and a sizing passage, power consumption during grinding was reduced by 10% when roll flute orientation was changed from dull‐to‐dull (D/D) to sharp‐to‐sharp (S/S). Flute orientation had minimal effects on the yield and brightness of flour, but SS grinding gave a higher yield of a fiber‐rich fraction (FRF). FRF yield and composition are of particular interest because FRF has potential as a functional food ingredient due to elevated levels of β‐glucans (BG) and arabinoxylans (AX). When using smooth frosted rolls (SM) for the sizing passage, power consumption increased by several times over using fluted sizing rolls with little advantage for either yield or BG content of FRF. FRF starch damage increased when smooth sizing rolls were used, and water swelling, a measure of water hydration capacity, also increased. Setting break and sizing rolls sharp‐to‐sharp significantly lowered the mean particle size of the FRF fraction, accompanied by moderate declines in FRF BG and AX contents. FRF yield decreased ≤50% when milling flow was lengthened to three sizing passages with intermediate impact passages, with only a moderate accompanying increase in FRF fiber content, regardless of roll conditions. Pearling 15% before milling reduced the yield of FRF by ≈30% while moderately reducing flour yield. Flour brightness was improved by pearling. When barley was pearled, FRF contained higher amounts of BG, but lower amounts of AX, phenolics, ash, and protein.
The influence of propofol or desflurane on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery*
Authors: Royse C. F. , Andrews D. T. , Newman S. N. , Stygall J. , Williams Z. , Pang J. , Royse A. G. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryWe investigated the influence of either propofol or desflurane on the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in a randomised trial of 180 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The primary outcome was incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 3 months, defined as ≥ 1 SD deterioration in two or more of 12 neurocognitive tests. Secondary outcomes included early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (between days three and seven), delirium on day one, morbidity and length of hospital stay. Early postoperative cognitive dysfunction was significantly higher with propofol compared with desflurane (56/84 (67.5%) vs 41/83 (49.4%), respectively, p = 0.018), but this effect was not seen at 3 months (10/87 (11.2%) vs 9/90 (10.0%), respectively. There was no difference in delirium (7/89 (7.9%) vs 12/91 (13.2%), respectively, length of hospital stay (median (IQR [range]) 7 (6‐9 [4‐15]) vs 6 (5‐7 [5‐16) days, respectively or other morbidities. Desflurane was associated with reduced early cognitive dysfunction.
A comparison of low vs conventional‐dose heparin for minimal cardiopulmonary bypass in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery
Authors: Fromes Y. , Daghildjian K. , Caumartin L. , Fischer M. , Rouquette I. , Deleuze P. , Bical O. M. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe biocompatibility of minimal extracorporeal circuits has improved; however, anticoagulation is still required. We compared standard high‐dose anticoagulation with a low‐dose heparin regimen in a retrospective study of patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery using minimal cardiopulmonary bypass. One hundred patients who received 300 IU.kg−1 heparin were compared with 68 patients who received heparin according to an individually adjusted activated coagulation time target of 300 s, resulting in a mean (SD) heparin dose of 145 (30) IU.kg−1. There were no thromboembolic events in either group; however, patients in the low‐dose group had lower 24‐hour mean (SD) postoperative blood loss than the conventional group (545 (61) vs 680 (88) ml, p = 0.001) and a reduced rate of transfusion of allogeneic blood (15% patients transfused vs 32%, p = 0.01). An individually tailored low‐dose heparin regimen for minimal cardiopulmonary bypass is safe and may be associated with reduced bleeding and lower transfusion requirements.
Paediatric drug development: are population models predictive of pharmacokinetics across paediatric populations?
Authors: Cella Massimo , Zhao Wei , Jacqz‐Aigrain Evelyne , Burger David , Danhof Meindert , Pasqua Oscar Della 
Published: April 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • In paediatric development, initial estimation of the paediatric dose is obtained by extrapolation. This is usually performed using the dosing regimen in another population as reference. However, no consensus on dose selection methodologies has been reached so far.• The paradigm compound identified to illustrate these concepts is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used to treat HIV infection. The recommended paediatric dose of abacavir is 8 mg kg−1 twice daily up to a maximum of 300 mg twice daily. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • Our findings show that the use of a population model may not suffice to predict parameter distributions and drug exposure across paediatric populations.• Estimation of covariate effects is critical, but not sufficient to extrapolate pharmacokinetics from a reference population to another population.• Covariate‐parameter correlations may not remain constant beyond the range of observations. Exponential relationships used by allometry do not correct for these discrepancies.AIMS To assess the predictive value of a model‐based approach for dose selection across paediatric populations in early clinical drug development.METHODS Abacavir was selected as a paradigm compound using data across a wide age range. Abacavir pharmacokinetics (PK) in children were analysed separately from infants and toddlers. Two independent models were obtained, and systemic exposure (AUC) was then simulated across populations based on the estimates from each model. Drug exposures in infants and toddlers were predicted using pharmacokinetic parameter distributions obtained from children, and the other way around.RESULTS The pharmacokinetic models (a two‐compartment PK model for infants and toddlers and a one compartment PK model for children) accurately described the exposure in the population from which they were built. However, neither model predicted exposure in a different population: in infants, the median AUC (95%‐CI) was estimated at 7.03 (6.72, 7.48) µg ml−1 h, whilst it was predicted at 5.75 (4.82, 6.26) µg ml−1 h; in children, the estimated median AUC was 6.96 (5.85, 7.91) µg ml−1 h, whilst the predicted value was 6.45 (5.80, 7.01) µg ml−1 h.CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the assumption of an identical (linear or nonlinear) correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters and demographic factors may not hold true across age groups. Whilst the use of modelling enables accurate characterization of pharmacokinetic properties, extrapolations based on such parameter estimates may have limited value due to differences in the impact of developmental growth across populations.
Serum concentrations and clinical effects of atorvastatin in patients taking grapefruit juice daily
Authors: Reddy Patrick , Ellington David , Zhu Yiliang , Zdrojewski Immo , Parent Sarah J. , Harmatz Jerold S. , Derendorf Hartmut , Greenblatt David J. , Browne, Jr Kevin 
Published: April 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • In previous studies of healthy volunteers, administration of atorvastatin with very large quantities of grapefruit juice increases exposure to atorvastatin by a mean factor of 3.3. However more typical quantities of grapefruit juice increased exposure only by a factor of 1.3. The effects of customary doses of grapefruit juice on the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in patients requiring treatment with this drug have not been established. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • The present study is the first to evaluate changes in the lipid‐lowering efficacy of atorvastatin, as well as subjective and laboratory assessments of safety, in a series of hyperlipidaemic patients on stable doses of atorvastatin who co‐ingested typical quantities of grapefruit juice. The findings indicate a small elevation of serum atorvastatin concentrations due to grapefruit juice, but no meaningful enhancement of lipid‐lowering effects, and no evidence of adverse liver or muscle effects.AIM To determine whether customary exposure to grapefruit juice (GFJ) alters serum concentrations, effectiveness, and potential adverse effects of atorvastatin in patients requiring the medication.METHODS Patients receiving extended treatment with atorvastatin (10, 20 or 40 mg day−1) at a stable dose received 300 ml day−1 of 100% GFJ for a period of 90 days. One cohort of patients (arm A, n= 60) continued on their current dose of atorvastatin; the second cohort (arm B, n= 70) reduced the daily dose by 50%. Serum atorvastatin, lipid profile, liver functions, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were measured at baseline and at 30, 60, and 90 days after starting GFJ.RESULTS In Arm A patients, co‐ingestion of GFJ significantly elevated serum atorvastatin by 19% to 26% compared with baseline. Changes in lipid profile relative to baseline were negligible. There were no adverse effects on liver function tests or CPK. In arm B patients, serum atorvastatin declined by 12% to 25% compared to baseline, with a small but significant unfavourable effect in serum lipid profile. There were no adverse effects on liver function tests or CPK.CONCLUSION In patients on extended stable atorvastatin treatment, addition of daily GFJ in typical quantities slightly elevates serum atorvastatin concentrations, but has no meaningful effect on the serum lipid profile, and causes no detectable adverse liver or muscle effects. Reduction of atorvastatin dosage when moderate amounts of GFJ are co‐ingested does not appear to be necessary.