bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability‐indicating validation of acitretin and isoacitretin in human plasma by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS bioanalytical method and its application to pharmacokinetic analysis
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Monif Tausif , Khuroo Arshad , Sasmal Dinakar , Goswami Dipanjan , Lahkar Vijay Kumar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLC‐ ESI‐ MS/MS simultaneous bioanalytical method was developed to determine acitretin and its metabolite isoacitretin in human plasma using acitretin‐d3 used as the internal standard for both analytes. The compounds were extracted using protein precipitation coupled with liquid–liquid extraction with flash freezing technique. Negative mass transitions (m/z) of acitretin, isoacitretin and acitretin‐d3 were detected in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode at 325.4 → 266.3, 325.2 → 266.1 and 328.3 → 266.3, respectively, with a turbo ion spray interface. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Ascentis‐RP amide column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm) with mobile phase delivered in isocratic mode. The method was validated over a concentration range of 1.025–753.217 ng/mL for acitretin and 0.394–289.234 ng/mL for isoacitretin with a limit of quantification of 1.025 and 0.394 ng/mL. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were below 8.1% for acitretin and below 13.8% for isoacitretin, while accuracy was within ±7.0 and ±10.6% respectively. For the first time, the best possible conditions for plasma stability of acitretin and isoacitretin are presented and discussed with application to clinical samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of cefetamet in human plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Noh Keumhan , Kim Eunyoung , Kang Wonku 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCefetamet is a potent antibiotic to treat respiratory and urinary tract infections. To improve oral bioavailability, it is administered as a prodrug, cefetamet pivoxyl hydrolyzed by esterase following absorption. A quantification method using a mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of cefetamet in human plasma. After a protein precipitation with acetonitrile, the analytes were chromatographed on a reversed‐phase C18 column and detected by a tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. The accuracy and precision of the assay were in accordance with FDA regulations for the validation of bioanalytical methods. This method was used to measure the concentrations of the cefetamet in plasma after a single oral administration of 500 mg cefetamet pivoxyl. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sintered Silicon Carbide: A New Ceramic Vessel Material for Microwave Chemistry in Single‐Mode Reactors
Authors: Gutmann Bernhard , Obermayer David , Reichart Benedikt , Prekodravac Bojana , Irfan Muhammad , Kremsner Jennifer M. , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) is a strongly microwave absorbing chemically inert ceramic material that can be utilized at extremely high temperatures due to its high melting point and very low thermal expansion coefficient. Microwave irradiation induces a flow of electrons in the semiconducting ceramic that heats the material very efficiently through resistance heating mechanisms. The use of SiC carbide reaction vessels in combination with a single‐mode microwave reactor provides an almost complete shielding of the contents inside from the electromagnetic field. Therefore, such experiments do not involve electromagnetic field effects on the chemistry, since the semiconducting ceramic vial effectively prevents microwave irradiation from penetrating the reaction mixture. The involvement of electromagnetic field effects (specific/nonthermal microwave effects) on 21 selected chemical transformations was evaluated by comparing the results obtained in microwave‐transparent Pyrex vials with experiments performed in SiC vials at the same reaction temperature. For most of the 21 reactions, the outcome in terms of conversion/purity/product yields using the two different vial types was virtually identical, indicating that the electromagnetic field had no direct influence on the reaction pathway. Due to the high chemical resistance of SiC, reactions involving corrosive reagents can be performed without degradation of the vessel material. Examples include high‐temperature fluorine–chlorine exchange reactions using triethylamine trihydrofluoride, and the hydrolysis of nitriles with aqueous potassium hydroxide. The unique combination of high microwave absorptivity, thermal conductivity, and effusivity on the one hand, and excellent temperature, pressure and corrosion resistance on the other hand, makes this material ideal for the fabrication of reaction vessels for use in microwave reactors.
Synthesis and Comparative Characterization of 9‐Boraanthracene, 5‐Boranaphthacene, and 6‐Borapentacene Stabilized by the H2IMes Carbene
Authors: Wood Thomas K. , Piers Warren E. , Keay Brian A. , Parvez Masood 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA general procedure for the preparation of three N‐heterocyclic carbene stabilized, boron‐containing acenes (9‐boraanthracene, 5‐boranaphthacene, and 6‐borapentacene) is presented. The key steps involve a transmetallation reaction between BCl3 and an appropriate stannacyclic precursor, and the dehydrochlorination of the H2IMes adduct of the chloroborane product. Comparative structural, photophysical, and redox properties reveal narrow HOMO–LUMO gaps relative to the all‐carbon acene analogues.
A theoretical study on the exciton circular dichroism of propeller‐like metal complexes of bipyridine and tripodal tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine derivatives
Authors: Fan Jing , Ziegler Tom 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTime‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) has been employed to simulate the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of bipyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes as well as zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes containing tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) derivatives. A qualitative model is used to account for the mechanism by which the bis‐ and tris‐bipyridine complexes (or analogous systems) exhibit exciton CD. The model is further used to predict the sign of the exciton CD bands. The predictions are in agreement with experiment and DFT calculations. A comprehensive analysis is presented of the subtle differences in the CD spectra of this series of related complexes. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relief of Angina Pectoris When Carrying Heavy Loads with the Left Hand in a Patient with Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Operation Who Has Severe Exercise Angina: A Case Report
Authors: Tanindi Asli , Cengel Atiye , Akyel Ahmet , Akinci Sinan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn patients with known coronary artery disease and/or a history of revascularization, angina pectoris or unstable coronary syndromes are usually attributed to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions rather than an unrecognized great vessel disease. However, for patients with a previous coronary artery bypass graft operation (CABG), during which a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) conduit has been used, great vessel disease, especially subclavian artery stenosis should also be suspected. We present a case of a patient with a LIMA conduit who has angina pectoris on exertion, but interestingly the pain is relieved when he carries heavy loads with his left hand, which can be due to increased blood flow to the LIMA conduit during heavy lifting because of increased peripheral resistance. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Benzofuran, Benzothiophene, and Benzothiazole‐Based Thioamides and their Evaluation as KATPChannel Openers
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Schmidt Claas , Lachenicht Stefan , Grittner Dagmar , Winkler Marcus , Wrobel Thomas , Rood Achim , Lemoine Horst , Frank Walter , Braun Manfred 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSeveral series of benzofurans, benzothiophenes, and benzothiazoles, all featuring the thioamide group, were synthesized and tested as novel KATPchannel openers in artificial cell systems: CHO cells transfected with SUR1/Kir6.2, and HEK 293 cells transfected with SUR2B/Kir6.1; these served as model systems for insulin‐secreting pancreatic β cells and smooth muscle cells, respectively. All compounds were investigated with respect to their binding affinity for the SUR2B‐type KATPchannels using [3H]P1075 as radioligand. Selected compounds were also tested as agonists in intact cells using DiBAC4(3) and DyeB (R7260) as membrane potential dyes. Remarkable affinity for SUR2B/Kir6.1 channels in the single‐digit micromolar range was observed. In addition, benzothiazole‐derived thioamides with sterically demanding, lipophilic substituents showed >100‐fold selectivity in favor of SUR2B/Kir6.1. A one‐carbon spacer between the heterocyclic skeleton and the thioamide moiety was observed to be crucial for affinity and selectivity. Two of the most potent and selective compounds were studied by crystal structure analyses.
Astroglial structures in the zebrafish brain
Authors: Grupp Larissa , Wolburg Hartwig , Mack Andreas F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractParasagittal cryostat section through the dorsal zebrafish telencephalon stained with antibodies binding to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; red) and glutamine synthetase (GS; green). Long radial glial fibers were positive for both proteins with GFAP present in the main process and branches (yellow), and GS additionally in finer branches (green areas). Cell nuclei were stained with TOPRO (blue). Note that glial cell bodies are lining the ventricular surface of the everted telencephalon. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Volume 518, Number 21, 4277–4287.
Non‐recursive functions, knots “with thick ropes,” and self‐clenching “thick” hyperspheres
Authors: Nabutovsky Alexander 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe introduce an approach to certain geometric variational problems based on the use of the algorithmic unrecognizability of the n‐dimensional sphere for n ≥ 5. Sometimes this approach allows one to prove the existence of infinitely many solutions of a considered variational problem. This recursion‐theoretic approach is applied in this paper to a class of functionals on the space of C1.1‐smooth hypersurfaces diffeomorphic to Sn in Rn+1, where n is any fixed number ≥ 5. The simplest of these functionals kv is defined by the formula kv(Σn) = (vol(Σn))1/n/r(Σn), where r(Σn) denotes the radius of injectivity of the normal exponential map for Σn ⊂ Rn+l. We prove the existence of an infinite set of distinct locally minimal values of kv on the space of C1.1‐smooth topological hyperspheres in Rn+1 for any n ≥ 5.The functional kv naturally arises when one attempts to generalize knot theory in order to deal with embeddings and isotopies of “thick” circles and, more generally, “thick” spheres into Euclidean spaces. We introduce the notion of knot “with thick rope” types. The theory of knot “with thick rope” types turns out to be quite different from the classical knot theory because of the following result: There exists an infinite set of non‐trivial knot “with thick rope” types in codimension one for every dimension greater than or equal to five.
The diagnostic value of zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) for type 1 diabetes in Chinese
Authors: Yang Lin , Luo Shuoming , Huang Gan , Peng Jian , Li Xia , Yan Xiang , Lin Jian , Wenzlau Janet M. , Davidson Howard W. , Hutton John C. , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundZinc transporter‐8 (ZnT8) was recently identified as a novel autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes (T1D). Autoantibody to ZnT8 (ZnT8A) was detected in up to 80% of patients with new‐onset T1D and 26% of patients with T1D otherwise classified as negative on the basis of existing markers. As no data of ZnT8A in Chinese have been reported, we aim to evaluate the utility of ZnT8A for diagnosis of autoimmune T1D in Chinese relative to other autoantibody markers.MethodsRadioligand binding assays were performed on 539 T1D sera using human ZnT8 carboxyterminal 325Arg construct or a dimer incorporating 325Arg and 325Trp alongside antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) or insulinoma‐associated protein 2 (IA‐2A). The antigenic specificity was analysed in the context of clinical characteristics of the patients.ResultsZnT8A were present in 24.1% (130 of 539) of patients with T1D versus 1.8% (10 of 555; P < 0.001) in type 2 diabetes. At diagnosis, ZnT8A and IA‐2A were less prevalent in Chinese subjects with T1D than in Caucasian populations (both P < 0.001) but similar to Japanese. The diagnostic sensitivity of combined GADA, IA‐2A and ZnT8A measurements reached 65.5% with ZnT8A detected in 13.5% (29 of 215) of GADA and/or IA‐2A‐negative subjects. ZnT8A prevalence was lower in older and fatter patients. ZnT8A+ alone patients were distinguished from Ab− ones (P < 0.05–0.001) on the basis of higher insulin requirement and lower systolic blood pressure level.ConclusionZnT8A is an independent marker for T1D in Chinese and combined with GADA and IA‐2A enhances diagnostic sensitivity. ZnT8A may be associated with different clinical phenotypes than GADA or IA‐2A. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A direct role for Wnt8 in ventrolateral mesoderm patterning
Authors: Baker Kevin D. , Ramel Marie‐Christine , Lekven Arne C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVertebrate dorsoventral patterning requires both Wnt8 and BMP signaling. Because of their multiple interactions, discerning roles attributable specifically to Wnt8 independent of BMP has been a challenge. For example, Wnt8 represses the dorsal organizer that negatively regulates ventral BMP signals, thus Wnt8 loss‐of‐function phenotypes may reflect the combined effects of reduced Wnt8 and BMP signaling. We have taken a loss‐of‐function approach in the zebrafish to generate embryos lacking expression of both Wnt8 and the BMP antagonist Chordin. wnt8;chordin loss‐of‐function embryos show rescued BMP signaling, thereby allowing us to identify Wnt8‐specific requirements. Our analysis shows that Wnt8 is uniquely required to repress prechordal plate specification but not notochord, and that Wnt8 signaling is not essential for specification of tailbud progenitors but is required for normal expansion of posterior mesoderm cell populations. Thus, Wnt8 and BMP signaling have independent roles during vertebrate ventrolateral mesoderm development that can be identified through loss‐of‐function analysis. Developmental Dynamics 239:2828–2836, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthetic Routes and Plasmonic Properties of Noble Metal Nanoplates Classes of Nanomagnets Created from Alkanethiol‐Coated Pt or Pd Nanoparticles and Their Alloys with Co One‐ and Two‐Dimensional Inorganic Crystals inside Inorganic Nanotubes Covalent Attachment of Aromatic Diisocyanate to the Sidewalls of Single‐ and Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 27/2010)
Authors: Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Miyazaki Akira , Enoki Toshiaki , Tenne Reshef , Kim Yoong Ahm 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe cover picture a selection of cutting‐edge areas of research on one‐ and two‐dimensional inorganic nanomaterials. I. Pastoriza‐Santos et al. (p. 4288 ff) discuss high‐yield methods of synthesis of both Au and Ag nanoplates and their optical properties, as represented by the EELS intensity distribution map of one silver triangle (middle), related to applications in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The magnetic Pd and Pt nanoparticles covered with alkanethiol groups (top left) are the topic of the Microreview by A. Miyazaki, T. Enoki, et al. (p. 4279 ff), who also report on charge transfer at the metal–organic interface. In their Microreview R. Tenne et al. (p. 4233 ff) demonstrate how the encapsulation of one‐dimensional crystals in inorganic nanotubes lead to filled inorganic nanotube composites (two views of which are in the bottom left and right corners of the cover picture). The double‐walled carbon nanotubes (top right) with optical and chemical activity, which can be applied in preparing multifunctional hybrid materials, are covered in the Short Communication by Y. A. Kim et al. (p. 4305 ff). Thanks are due to all these research groups for contributing their designs to make up this composite cover picture.
Characterization of extra virgin olive oils derived from the Croatian cultivar Oblica
Authors: Zeiner Michaela , Juranovic‐Cindric Iva , Škevin Dubravka 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective of the present research work was the characterization of extra‐virgin olive oils derived from the main cultivar at the Adriatic coast Oblica by the determination of selected organic parameters as well as of the elemental composition. Twenty elements were quantified by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) after acidic microwave assisted digestion. In all samples the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Pb, and V were below the LOD. The mode of production (pressing or centrifugation) is reflected in the contents of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Si. Thus only the contents of Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Se, Sn, and Zn ranging from 0.02 – 0.5, 0.8 – 11, 0.1 – 2.5, < LOD – 0.2, 2.7 – 4.2, 0.6 – 2.9, <LOD – 4.8, and 2.5 – 4.0 µg/g oil, respectively, can be used for characterizing the Oblica variety. The organic quality parameters analyzed were free fatty acids (0.1 to 0.6% oleic acid), peroxide value (2.2 to 4.4 mmol O2/kg) and specific absorbances in the UV range (K232 0.8 to 1.9; K270 0.8 to 1.9; 0.08 to 0.21; and ΔK < 0.003).Practical applications: Oil characterization by organic as well as inorganic parameters is the basis for nutritional and food technological investigations such as adulteration detection and genuineness analysis. Knowing the composition of authentic samples (reference values) is necessary in order to be able to detect differences caused by fraud in products available on the market. Since Croatia is a candidate for entering the European Union the characterization of food stuff coming from this country is of great concern.
Effect of fat composition on texture and bloom of lauric compound chocolate
Authors: Wang Fengyan , Liu Yuanfa , Shan Liang , Jin Qingzhe , Meng Zong , Wang Xingguo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCocoa butter (CB) and milk fat (MF) contents were varied and their effects on the textural property and bloom formation of lauric cocoa butter substitutes (CBS)‐based compound chocolates was investigated. Compositional parameters for CBS compound chocolates were two types of CBS (hydrogenated palm kernel olein (HPKO) and hydrogenated palm kernel sterin (HPKS)), CB (0, 5, 10, and 15%) and MF (0, 3, and 6%) contents. Addition of CB or MF significantly (p<0.001) influenced the hardness of compound chocolates but the effects were less pronounced at higher fat content. Addition of MF or CB accelerated the bloom formation compared with the control samples, but in combination they delayed the bloom formation, suggesting that the mechanisms of bloom formation were different in the CBS compound chocolate made with different fat mixtures.Practical applications This study deals with the effect of fat composition on both texture and bloom of lauric‐based compound chocolates. CB and MF can be used in lauric‐based compound chocolates to improve the flavor, but eutectic and dilution effects appear when these fats are added separately. However, there are few studies on the interactions of ternary mixtures and the physical properties such as hardness of corresponding compound chocolates. In order to be able to predict the bloom formation, it is important to study how these fats affect the physical properties of the compound chocolates.
Synthesis and DNA Interaction of Platinum Complex/Peptide Chimera as Potential Drug Candidates
Authors: Damian Mariana S. , Hedman Hanna K. , Elmroth Sofi K. C. , Diederichsen Ulf 
Published: September 2010

AbstractModification and optimization of the anticancer drug cisplatin is of interest with respect to selective cell targeting and DNA binding efficiency. Attractive approaches contain both, modification of the platinum coordination sphere and design of hybrid molecules of the cisplatin binding moiety including peptide motifs. Peptides with cell penetrating, directing or recognizing properties can be implemented. In this study, positively charged peptide sequences were investigated with the potential of inducing DNA structural distortions caused by charge neutralization of the dsDNA helix. Association of charged peptides is likely to increase the flexibility of the DNA thereby facilitating platinum binding. The synthesis and DNA interaction of five new cisplatin–peptide hybrids with enhanced solubility and potential antitumor activity is presented. Propylenediamine or bisimidazole units were used as bisdentate platinum ligands and were coupled to a peptide sequence in the final elongation step of the solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, fluorescence intercalation, and thermal UV melting studies, all support the presence of covalently formed platinum DNA adducts in a reaction mediated by the positively charged peptide.
Pd/Cu‐Catalyzed Direct Alkenylation of Azole Heterocycles with Alkenyl Halides
Authors: Sahnoun Sophian , Messaoudi Samir , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouâd 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDirect alkenylation of azole heterocycles through Pd–Cu‐catalyzed C–H bond activation has been reported using alkenyl bromides as the coupling partners. The reaction enables the introduction of various mono‐, di‐, or trisubstituted alkenyl bromides as well as a benzyl chloride to the caffeine core.
The effectiveness of, and predictors of response to, inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Collin Paula , Power Kevin , Karatzias Thanos , Grierson David , Yellowlees Alex 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa lacks a clear evidence base. We sought to determine the effectiveness of, and predictors of response to, a specialist inpatient programme for adults with anorexia nervosa, and to survey satisfaction with the same.MethodDemographic and clinical data were collected, at three time points, for 90 consecutive admission episodes over a three‐year period.ResultsBoth a completers and an intention‐to‐treat analysis indicated the effectiveness of the programme. A longer length of hospital stay was associated with a greater degree of change in BMI, but no other predictors of treatment outcome were detected. Participants reported a high degree of satisfaction with the programme.ConclusionAdults suffering from anorexia nervosa improved significantly with a specialist programme delivered in an inpatient setting. Future research should investigate the potential role of factors other than obvious demographic and clinical history variables in determining treatment outcome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.