bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Behavior and Material Modeling of Fused Filament Fabricated PEEK based on TPMS Lattices: A Comparative Study
Authors: Gide Kunal Manoj , Bagheri Shaghayegh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study explores the mechanical and morphological properties of architectured lattices, driven by additive manufacturing advancements, and compares different finite element analysis (FEA) methods that are often used to predict the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of these lattices. FEA methods based on various material models, including Homogenization (AH), Arruda Boyce (AB), Yeoh Hyperelastic (YH), and Johnson Cook (JC), are compared to address limitations in classical models with respect to experimental verification under uniaxial compression testing of additively manufactured poly ether ether ketone (PEEK). PEEK lattices with 50% porosity were produced via fused filament fabrication (FFF) utilizing triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures based on two specific unit cell geometries: gyroid and diamond. Our analysis, involving both elastic and yielding regions, revealed the superiority of the JC model in predicting the mechanical properties of gyroid based lattice structures and the superiority of the AB model for diamond based lattices. This study highlights the crucial role of material models in the computational analysis of lattice structures' mechanical behavior. Discrepancies observed between computational and experimental outcomes are attributed to manufacturing defects and constraints in the material models employed.
An update to the mSLAMB dialysis device (the “Kirpa Kit”): An in-vitro comparison of efficiency
Authors: Ceschia Giovanni , Slagle Cara L , Morgan Jolyn , Snyder Amanda , Rose James E , Plute Ed , Chawla Apaara K , Coriolan Rebecca , Soranno Danielle E , Goldstein Stuart L , Hasson Denise C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Access to pediatric dialysis is challenged in low-resource settings by high costs, scarcity of equipment, and lack of qualified personnel availability. We demonstrated the manual Single Lumen Alternating Micro-Batch (mSLAMB) device can remove small solutes in vitro without the need for electricity, batteries or pumps. We developed a new version (Kirpa Kit™) to address some of the technical limitations of mSLAMB. Here we compare the in vitro clearance performance and ease of use of Kirpa Kit™ with that of prior mSLAMB configurations.
Methods
A mixture of expired packed red blood cells, 0.9% NaCl, urea and heparin was used to test the efficiency of two mSLAMB configurations and Kirpa Kit™ in removing potassium and urea. Clearance was evaluated by measuring percent reduction after 25-minute sessions with each device. A survey was used to evaluate the ease of use of each configuration.
Results
The Kirpa Kit™ achieved a median urea reduction of 82.4% and potassium reduction of 82.1%, which were higher than those achieved with the best-performing mSLAMB configuration (urea 71.9%, potassium 75.4%). The Kirpa Kit™ was easier to use with a shorter perceived time of use than the mSLAMB.
Conclusions
The Kirpa Kit™, evolution of mSLAMB, is easy to use and may have improved efficacy, making it an optimal candidate for in vivo testing.
Exploring Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Resistance Patterns to Antibiotics: A BV-BRC Study
Authors: Serajian Mohammadali , Testagrose Conrad , Prosperi Mattia , Boucher Christina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

World Health Organization estimates that there were over 10 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide in 2019, resulting in over 1.4 million deaths, with a worrisome increasing trend yearly. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) through airborne transmission. Treatment of TB is estimated to be 85% successful, however, this drops to 57% if MTB exhibits multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR), for which fewer treatment options are available. In this paper, we provide an in-depth look at the genetic basis of MTB antibiotic resistance, using the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) and analyzing over 27,000 MTB genomic strains from the BV-BRC database. Our findings offer a detailed picture of resistance prevalence and AMR gene frequencies, especially for second-line and last-resort antibiotics, contributing valuable insights into MTB AMR mechanics and supporting future research and clinical strategies against MTB.
DSTANet: Learning a Dual-Stream Model for Anomaly Driving Action Detection Using Spatio-Temporal and Appearance Features
Authors: Peng Zhonghua , Hu Rong , Li Zuoyong , Zeng Kun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Driving action anomaly detection based on in-cab surveillance video has become the mainstream of current driving action research. However, there is a substantial redundancy of spatio-temporal information in the spatio-temporal action features extracted using only the 3D encoder, which will weaken the distinguishability between normal and anomaly videos, and there will be more difficult samples to be distinguished during the anomaly detection. To alleviate this problem, we propose a dual-stream model combining spatio-temporal and appearance features for anomaly driving action detection. Firstly, the model utilises 3D ResNet and 2D ResNet for feature extraction of spatio-temporal action and appearance information in the video. Next, to fully combine the respective advantages of the cross-dimension information and obtain fused features that can be more easily distinguished, a contrastive learning based alignment approach was used before fusion. In addition, cross-dimensional features are fused by introducing Transformer's cross attention block. Moreover, the supervised contrastive learning objective function is employed to guides the model to distinguish between normal and anomaly driving action. Finally, calculating the feature similarity between the target sample and the normal memory center is utilized to obtain the anomaly score of the target sample. In the experiment, the proposed model DSTANet in this paper achieved the 96.81% AUC in the publicly available DAD dataset, which is higher than the popular models in recent years. Furthermore, feature distinguishability was significantly improved in the visualization experiments. The experiment code and data are publicly available at: https://github.com/CreatedTRYNA/DCC\_Driving\_Anomaly\_Detection-.
Species-resolved metagenomics reveal ecological effects on the microbiota in a global pest, the whitefly, using 2bRAD-M
Authors: Yang Kun , Zhang Yuxin , He Yitong , Li Hongran , Zhou Jincheng , Zhang Youjun , Chu Dong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Microbial communities including symbionts play vital roles in insect hosts. Abiotic factors, especially ecological factors also have significant influence on the structure of the microbiome and the abundance of symbionts within hosts. However, the effects of the bacterial symbionts and ecological factors on the microbiota in host whitefly remains poorly understood.
Results
In this study, 49 Bemisia tabaci MED populations collected in 23 locations around the world were sequenced using 2bRAD-M, to explore the relationships among ecological factors, symbionts and microbial diversities in whiteflies. Results revealed that microbial community structures significantly differed in the different geographical B. tabaci MED populations, and the abundance of many symbionts including Portiera, Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, Cardinium, and Wolbachia, significantly influenced with one another. Also, the diversity of bacterial communities in whiteflies were significantly affected by the relative abundance of symbionts including Cardinium and Hamiltonella. Meanwhile, environmental factors including temperature, precipitation, longitude and latitude significantly influenced the abundance of many symbionts and the diversity of bacterial communities in B. tabaci MED.
Conclusions
Overall, our results revealed complex interactions among ecological factors, among ecological factors, microbiota diversity and symbionts in B. tabaci MED. This helps to comprehend the complex interactions among these factors in insect hosts.
Terahertz Communication Channel Construction and Reflection Characteristics Based On 6G Network
Authors: Chen Sijia , Wang Qingquan , Guo Yuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) technology has improved to overcome propagation issues and enable high data speeds in 5G and 6G wireless networks. The capabilities of 5G networks are limited in their ability to support future applications such as extended reality and 3D gaming. Terahertz (THz) transmission, a key component of 6G networks that enable fast data transmission over short distances, has consequently attracted increasing attention. Addressing challenges, including signal interference, antenna design, regulatory compliance, and security concerns, is essential for realizing the full capabilities of wireless communication in the mmWave and THz frequency ranges.The Terahertz Channel Analysis Framework for Next-Generation Wireless Networks (TCAF-NGWN) examines complex design components, channel models, and signal propagation in the mmWave and THz bands. The report evaluates these bands' capabilities to fulfill 6G networks' evolving communication needs and examines commercial application standardization efforts. 6G terahertz communication channel research mainly occurs in academic labs and focuses on antenna arrays, channel properties, and transmitter/receiver combinations. Signal transmission is analyzed for route loss, multipath fading, signal attenuation, reflections, obstacles, and diffraction. Channel capacity, data rate, reflection coefficients, and signal-to-noise ratio are evaluated. The study analyses the theoretical models and improves communication systems using literature and datasets like the Terahertz Wireless Channel Dataset. Comparing the suggested model to THz-IRS, UM-MIMO, and CDOT shows its advantages. The research advances terahertz wireless communication technologies by providing insights into channel propagation and system performance in practical circumstances through precise experimental setups and measuring techniques.
A novel role of IGFBP5 in the migration, invasion and spheroids formation induced by IGF-I and insulin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Rodríguez-Rojas Karem , Cortes-Reynosa Pedro , Torres-Alamilla Pablo , Rodríguez-Ochoa Nínive , Salazar Eduardo Perez 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system includes IGF-1, IGF-II insulin and their membrane receptors. IGF system also includes a family of proteins namely insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) composed for six major members (IGFBP-1 to IGFBP6), which capture, transport and prolonging half-life of IGFs. However, it has been described that IGFBPs can also have other functions.
Methods
IGFBP5 expression was inhibited by shRNA, migration was analyzed by scratch-wound assays, invasion assays were performed by the Boyden chamber method, spheroids formation assays were performed on ultra-low attachment surfaces, expression and phosphorylation of proteins was analyzed by Western blot.
Results
IGFBP5 is a repressor of IGF-IR expression, but it is not a repressor of IR in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In addition, IGFBP5 is a suppressor of migration and MMP-9 secretion induced by IGF-I and insulin, but it does not regulate invasion in MCF-7 cells. IGFBP5 also is a repressor of MCF-7 spheroids formation. However treatment with 340 nM rescues the inhibitory effect of IGFBP in the MCF-7 spheroids formation.
Conclusion
IGFBP5 regulates IGF-IR expression, migration and MMP-9 secretion induced by IGF-I and/or insulin, and the spheroids formation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Clinical Pharmacy Activity Collection Tool for Ambulatory Care Practice
Authors: Ishak Izwan , Cheng Caroline , Greenland Lindsay , Bates Ian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
A clinical pharmacy activity collection tool is important for improving service quality. In a London-based hospital, such a tool that was developed for use in ward-based practice has been used in all settings, including ambulatory care services. However, clinical pharmacists practicing in ambulatory care services have reported that this tool does not adequately represent their practice.
Aim
This study aimed to determine whether the existing ward-based tool accurately captured all clinical pharmacy activities undertaken in ambulatory care services.
Method
Non-participant direct observation was used to record the frequency of activities observed in ambulatory clinics and multidisciplinary meetings. These activities were compared with the existing tool to identify any discrepancies in activities. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the views of 8 ambulatory pharmacists on the representativeness of the tool for their routine clinical activities.
Results
Twenty-nine clinical pharmacy activities were observed in the ambulatory services. Fifteen of these activities were captured by the existing tool, with monitoring of therapy and recommending therapeutic changes not accurately captured, while multidisciplinary meeting activities not comprehensively captured. Pharmacists’ responses were inclined towards the view that the tool was not completely representative with some irrelevances. The 4 common uncaptured activities were multidisciplinary meeting specific activities, arranging laboratory tests, monitoring patient outcomes during follow-up, and liaising with community healthcare professionals to coordinate care.
Conclusion
The existing ward-based clinical pharmacy activity collection tool is not completely representative of the clinical pharmacy activities undertaken in ambulatory care practice.
Larvicidal and Antibiofilm Potential of Three Mountain Plants: Centaurea ensiformis, Origanum hypericifolium, Paeonia turcica
Authors: bursalı fatma , Boncooğlu Rukiye Yavaşer , Touray Mustapha , Aytar Mehmet , Çelik Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Plants are known to produce a diverse group of natural metabolites with different biological activities. Centaurea ensiformis P.H. Davis, Origanum hypericifolium O. Schwartz & P.H. Davis and Paeonia turcica Davis & Cullen are endemic plant species that grow on mountains in select regions in Türkiye and have been used in traditional Turkish medicine for various ailments. As a first, we evaluated the larvicidal and antibiofilm activities of ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and water extracts obtained from these plants. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were also investigated. All tested extracts were effective at concentrations > 25ppm on Aedes aegypti larval mortality with the LC50 values ranging between of 32.82–48.35 ppm and LC90 between 46.26–63.2 ppm. O. hypericifolium was the most effective plant, ethanol extracts presented LC50 values of 32.82 ppm. Extracts demonstrated varying degrees of antibiofilm activity depending on the dose and bacterial species. Origanum hypericifolium extracts notably inhibited biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus (up to 98% inhibition), while P. turcica showed moderate efficacy against the same bacterial species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms displayed high resistance to all extracts. The results indicate that these endemic Turkish plants possess promising larvicidal and antibiofilm potential, particularly Origanum hypericifolium. Further research should elucidate the bioactive compounds responsible for these activities, optimize extraction methods, and explore potential applications in mosquito control and biofilm-related infections.
Screen Viewing Patterns and Their Association with Mental Wellbeing and Psychological Distress: A Cross-sectional Study amongst University Students
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Padmapriya Natarajan , Chua Xin Hui , Escobosa Linda Lizeth Tirado , Tay Andrew Epaphroditus , Tai Bee Choo , Petrunoff Nicholas , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Dependency on screen viewing (SV) has reached unprecedented levels, and mental health issues are becoming a major public health concern. However, the associations between SV, including variations in purposes, devices, and timing, and mental health remain unclear. This study aims to provide insights into these associations among university students.
Methods
This analysis used baseline data from a longitudinal cohort study among first-year university students matriculating in the 2021–2022 academic year. Self-reported data on sociodemographics, health behaviors and mental health outcomes alongside anthropometric measurements were collected. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Results
The average age of 997 valid students was 20.2 years, and most were female (59.6%). Students spent 14.3 hours daily on SV, with females reporting higher SV than males. Daily SV was predominant for study purposes (7.6 hours/day). Computer usage was the highest (7.0 hours/day), while TV usage was the lowest (1.7 hours/day). Poor mental wellbeing was reported by 33.6% of students, while 13.9% experienced psychological distress. Compared to students with low total SV, those with high levels were more likely to have poor mental wellbeing [OR (95% CI): 1.40 (0.99, 1.98)] and psychological distress [1.56 (1.00, 2.44)]. High levels of recreational and study related SV were significantly associated with poor mental wellbeing [1.81 (1.27, 2.56)] and psychological distress [1.75 (1.11, 2.83)], respectively. Those with high levels of computer time were more likely to have poor mental wellbeing [1.44 (1.01, 2.06)], and high weekend day SV was associated with greater odds of psychological distress [2.16 (1.17, 4.06)].
Conclusions
SV among university students was high, as was the high prevalence of poor mental wellbeing and psychological distress. Greater SV was associated with poor mental wellbeing and psychological distress. Differences according to purpose of SV were noted. Although recreational SV was associated with poor mental wellbeing, study related SV was associated with psychological distress. Variations across different devices and timing were also noted. This highlights the need for further longitudinal research to understand the impact of SV on mental health and to guide interventions for promoting mental health of university students globally.
The gut microbiome modulates the impact of Anaerobutyricum soehngenii supplementation on glucose homeostasis in mice
Authors: Hutchison Evan R. , Yen Mei-I , Peng Hubert W. , Davis Chris R. , Vivas Eugenio I. , Tallon Michael M. , Bui Thi Phuong Nam , de Vos Willem M. , Yen C-L Eric , Nieuwdorp Max , Rey Federico E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
There is growing interest in the development of next-generation probiotics to prevent or treat metabolic syndrome. Previous studies suggested that Anaerobutyricum soehngenii may represent a promising probiotic candidate. A recent human study showed that while A. soehngenii supplementation is well tolerated and safe, it resulted in variable responses among individuals with a subset of the subjects significantly benefiting from the treatment. We hypothesized that gut microbiome variation is linked to the heterogeneous responses to A. soehngenii treatment observed in humans.
Results
We colonized germ-free mice with fecal microbiota from human subjects that responded to A. soehngenii treatment (R65 and R55) and non-responder subjects (N96 and N40). Colonized mice were fed a high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) to induce insulin resistance, and orally treated with either live A. soehngenii culture or heat-killed culture. We found that R65-colonized mice received a benefit in glycemic control with live A. soehngenii treatment while mice colonized with microbiota from the other donors did not. The glucose homeostasis improvements observed in R65-colonized mice were positively correlated with levels of cecal propionate, an association that was reversed in N40-colonized mice. To test whether the microbiome modulates the effects of propionate, R65- or N40-colonized mice were treated with tripropionin (TP, glycerol tripropionate), a pro-drug of propionate, or glycerol (control). TP supplementation showed a similar response pattern as that observed in live A. soehngenii treatment, suggesting that propionate may mediate the effects of A. soehngenii. We also found that TP supplementation to conventional mice reduces adiposity, improves glycemic control, and reduces plasma insulin compared to control animals supplemented with glycerol.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of the microbiome on glycemic control and underscore the need to better understand personal microbiome-by-therapeutic interactions to develop more effective treatment strategies.
The effect of heat stress on the running performance of professional soccer players during the Brazilian elite championship
Authors: Augusto Diego , Vasconcellos Fabrício 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In recent years, climate phenomena, such as global warming, have represented a risk to players. Thus, studies involving outdoor sports and high temperatures have been conducted to show the influence on athletes' performance. However, this information requires greater clarity in the scientific community. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on running performance in matches played during a Brazilian championship. Thirty matches were analyzed from 20 professional soccer players who belonged to the team in the state of Rio de Janeiro during the Brazilian elite championship (2019). To quantify running performance during soccer matches, players used GPS device units. Temperatures were classified by the Cluster method into three groups: high (35.9–29.5 C), moderate (26.4–21 C) and low (20.0–14.1 C). The 1-minute peak of acceleration and deceleration was greater in high temperature situations (p = 0.02–0.03). In matches with low temperatures, accelerations, decelerations, high-intensity running, and sprinting were greater (p = 0.01–0.02). Significant correlations, negative and low, for sprinting (r = − 0.23; p = 0.01), acceleration (r= -0.29; p = 0.001) and deceleration (r= -0.24; r = 0.007). The temperature influenced the running performance of soccer players.
Evaluation Of Cardiac Function in Children Undergoing Liver Transplantation
Authors: Bansal Neha , Mahgerefteh Joseph , Lamour Jacqueline M. , Kogan-Liberman Debora , Ovchinsky Michelle , Ganzburg Kayla , Choueiter Nadine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a complication of cirrhosis resulting in cardiac dysfunction. It remains poorly characterized in children. The aim of this study was to assess relationship of pre liver transplant (LT) conventional and novel parameters of biventricular function with post-LT clinical course.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of pre-LT echocardiograms performed on patients <18 years of age with cirrhosis at a single centre, who received a LT. Demographic, clinical and echocardiographic data was collected. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) analysis was performed by a single observer using TomTec system. Descriptive data was expressed as mean (SD) and number (%). The relationship between clinical data and echocardiographic variables were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient. Significance was set at < 0.05.
Results: Thirty-five patients (median age 6.5; IQR 14.2 years) underwent LT between 2010-2020. Pre LT diagnosis was biliary atresia in 14 (40%) patients and 7 (20%) patients were listed as status 1A/1B. Their median natural pediatric/model end-stage liver disease score was 13 (IQR 9). Their pre-LT echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular systolic (LV) function by ejection fraction and strain parameters. Right ventricular (RV) function was abnormal in 74% of patients as measured by RV GLS (23 ± 3%). There was correlation between echocardiographic parameters with pre transplant clinical disease and post-operative LT course (length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation).
Conclusions: Children undergoing liver transplant have RV dysfunction as evidenced by abnormal RV GLS on STE. There is echocardiographic parameter correlation between clinical liver disease and post-LT clinical course.