bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dose Titration Study on the Effect of Virginiamycin on Specific Blood Parameters and Milk Quality in the Sow
Authors: Alexopoulos C. , Tsinas A. , Kantas D. , Florou‐Paneri P. , Read M. P. , Vassilopoulos V. , Kyriakis S. C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present study investigates the changes in blood cholesterol and total lipids concentrations, as well as changes in milk fat, protein, lactose and total solids content of sows after the long‐term administration of virginiamycin (VM) in the feed. Seventy‐two (72) healthy Dalland gilts, in 18 groups of four (2 + 2) siblings were used in total. The gilts of each group of siblings were randomly allocated to one of the following four dietary treatments: VMO = negative control, virginiamycin 0 mg/kg, VM20 = virginiamycin 20 mg/kg feed, VM40 = virginiamycin 40 mg/kg feed and VM60 = virginiamycin 60 mg/kg of feed. Treatments started at the age of 6 months covering three complete breeding cycles (up to the third weaning). The first eight groups of siblings (eight gilts per treatment/32 gilts in total) were used for blood sampling (blood group), while the remaining 10 groups of siblings (10 gilts per treatment/40 gilts in total) were used for milk sampling (milk group). Feeds given at insemination, pregnancy and lactation did not contain any other antibacterial or performance enhancer. The results indicate that all three levels of VM supplementation of gilt/sow feed influenced certain blood parameters by increasing (P < 0.05) both cholesterol and total lipids concentrations on the 30th and 60th day of each pregnancy, at each farrowing and at each weaning. The effect of dietary VM on these blood parameters remained constant throughout three consecutive parities. Moreover, the results indicate a beneficial effect of dietary VM on the milk quality of the sows during the third lactation by increasing (P < 0.05) (i) the mean fat content, (ii) the mean protein content, (iii) the mean lactose content and (iv) the mean total solids content. The highest (P < 0.05) levels in both blood and milk parameters were noticed at the inclusion level of 40 mg/kg of feed.
Selenite and Selenium Yeast as Feed Supplements to Growing Fattening Pigs
Authors: Ortman K. , Pehrson B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwenty‐four cross‐bred fattening pigs weighing, on average, 24 kg were divided into three equal groups and fed a basic diet containing 0.1 mg selenium/kg. The diet of group A was supplemented with 0.3 mg selenium/kg derived from selenium yeast, group B with 0.1 mg selenium/kg from the same source, and group C with 0.3 mg/kg from sodium selenite. The pigs were slaughtered after 103 days. There was no significant difference between the mean whole blood selenium concentration of the pigs supplemented with selenium yeast neither after five nor after nine weeks of supplementation (group A, 201 and 213 μg/litre; group B 192 and 201 μg/litre, respectively), but the group supplemented with selenite had significantly lower concentrations both after five and nine weeks (158 and 159 μg/litre, respectively). There were no significant differences between the mean activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in the whole blood of the three groups (group A, 348 and 327 μkat*/litre; group B, 342 and 302 μkat/litre; group C, 332 and 300 μkat/litre, after five and nine weeks, respectively). The concentration of selenium in the liver of the pigs supplemented with organic selenium was significantly higher than in the pigs supplemented with selenite (group A, 0.54 mg/kg wet weight; group B, 0.54 mg/kg; group C, 0.40 mg/kg). No deposits of lipofuscin or ceroid pigments were observed in the histological preparations of liver and heart from any of the pigs.
A Method for Endoscopic Embryo Collection and Transfer in the Rabbit
Authors: Besenfelder U. , Strouhal C. , Brem G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThirty‐two rabbits were used for endoscopic embryo collection and transfer. For embryo collection midventral laparoscopy and transcervical endoscopy were combined for orthograd flushing of the oviducts and uterine horns. Transfer was performed transcervically under laparoscopic control. The mean number of corpora lutea counted in nine donors was 13.3 ± 8.4. A total of 72 morulae/blastocysts were obtained. No embryos were recovered when only the uterine horns were flushed. 291 embryos were transcervically transferred to 23 recipients which resulted in 10 pregnant animals at day 12. Two of three slaughtered recipients showed together 4 implantation sites. Four animals delivered 12 pups.
Absorption and Excretion of Cefquinome in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Freshwater at 10 °C
Authors: Martín B. N. San , Bataglia J. , Hernández P. , Quiroz A. , Cañon H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe absorption and elimination of cefquinome in serum and tissues of coho salmon were studied. The study was performed in freshwater at 10°C with fish weighing 100 ± 5g (mean and standard deviation). Single doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally to 30 fish for each dose. The maximum concentration occurred in the following order; kidney and liver > serum > muscle > brain. The pharmacokinetic analysis and predictive withdrawal times were calculated using only the dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. The peak cefquinome concentrations (Cmax) in serum (3.35 ± 0.45 μg/ml) and muscle (2.87 ± 0.53 μg/g) were achieved at 12h. In the brain, the Cmax was 2.18 μg/g at 6h. The halflives (t1/2) in serum, muscle, brain, liver and kidney were 20.56, 8.93, 9.35, 113.61 and 119.48 h, respectively. With the detection limit of 0.015 μg/g for the cefquinome, the predicted withdrawal time with 95% confidence for muscle tissue was 104.2 h at 10 °C for the 20 mg/kg dose.The results suggest that cefquinome could be efficacious and safe for the consumer in treating bacterial diseases of coho salmon in fresh water. Nevertheless, future studies are required in order to determine an adequate dose with the corresponding withdrawal times.
Studies on Equine Lipid Metabolism. 1. A Fluorometric Method for the Measurement of Lipolytic Activity in Isolated Adipocytes of Rats and Horses
Authors: Breidenbach A. , Fuhrmann H. , Busche R. , Sallmann H.‐P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA simple and sensitive method for direct and continuous monitoring of free fatty acid (FFA) release, by measuring the pH‐sensitive change in relative fluorescence intensity of seminaphthofluorescein (SNAFL‐1TM) is described. The method was designed to use a small number of adipocytes isolated from fat pads of rats and biopsy specimens of horses for the detection of decreasing pH in fat cell suspensions caused by released FFA into the incubation medium. Species specific differences of lipolysis were demonstrated when adipocytes of rats and horses are incubated with stimulators or inhibitors of lipolysis. Norepinephrine (NE) stimulated lipolysis in fat cells of rats whereas adipocytes of horses showed a measurable release of FFA when concomitandy incubated with NE and adenosine deaminase (ADA) or NE and 8‐Phenyltheophylline (8‐PT), respectively. The incubation of equine fat cells with NE and ADA did not influence the antilipolytic response to insulin. The method described enables micro‐scaled in vitro studies on lipolytic activity.
Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von Mycoplasma bovis und anderen Mykoplasmen‐Spezies bei Rindern des norddeutschen Raumes
Authors: Kirchhoff H. , Binder A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigations about the occurrence of Mycoplasma bovis and other Mycoplasma species in cattle of the northern part of GermanySamples from cattle of the northern part of Germany were investigated for infection with Mycoplasma (M.) bovis, M. bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis and Acholeplasma (A.) laidlawii. M. bovis was isolated from calves with respiratory diseases from nose (20%), from tracheal mucus (18.4%), and from lung samples (28.5 %). Calves without clinical symptoms harboured M. bovis in 2.4% of the nose samples investigated. In addition M. bovis was demonstrated in two semen samples and one preputial washing fluid from bulls showing clinical signs of epididymitis, in three vaginal swabs from cows with fertility problems and two of 385 milk samples. M. bovigenitalium was found in 0.5 to 4.2 percent of the samples of M. bovirhinis in 25 to 56.8 percent in the respiratory tract and 3.2 to 4.3 percent in the genital tract. A. laidlawii was present in 2.1 to 6.2 percent of the samples investigated.ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden verschiedene Proben von Rindern des norddeutschen Raumes auf Infektion mit Mycoplasma (M.) bovis, M. bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis und Acholeplasma (A.) laidlawii untersucht. M. bovis konnte bei Kälbern mit respiratorischen Erkrankungen im Nasenraum (20%), Trachealschleim (18,4%) und in der Lunge (28,5%) und bei klinisch gesunden Kälbern im Nasenraum (2,4 %) nachgewiesen werden. Außerdem wurde diese Spezies in zwei Samen‐und einer Präputial‐Spülprobe von Bullen mit Epididymitis, drei Vaginaltupfern von Kühen mit Fertilitätsstörungen und 2 von 385 untersuchten Milchproben gefunden. M. bovigenitalium war in 0,5 bis 4,2% der verschiedenen Proben enthalten. M. bovirhinis wurde im Respirationstrakt in 25 bis 56,8% und im Genitaltrakt in 3,2 bis 4,3 % der Proben gefunden. A. laidlawii war in 2,1 bis 6,2% der untersuchten Proben nachweisbar.
Experimental Infection of Caesarean Derived, Colostrum Deprived Calves with Bovine Rotaviruses and EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC): A Histological, Electromicroscopic, and Morphometric Investigation
Authors: Pospischil A. , Hess R. G. , Bachmann P. A. , Baljer G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of rotavirus and enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC), administered independently and in different sequences, on the intestinal mucosa of caesarean‐derived, colostrum deprived calves was investigated. Morphometric studies of villus length showed that rotavirus induced villus atrophy starts in the mid‐ and distal jejunum and in the ileum. Later, the lesions also occurred in the proximal jejunum. When the different infectious regimens were compared, the sequence of rotavirus infection followed by ETEC infection and rotavirus/ETEC simultaneously caused the most severe villus atrophy. Enterocyte mitogenesis and the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes were depressed during infections with ETEC; during rotavirus infections, both were increased.ZusammenfassungExperimentelle Infektion von “caesarian derived, colostrum deprived” Kälbern mit bovinem Rotavirus und enterotoxischenEscherichia coli(ETEC): Histologische, elektronenmikroskopische und morphometrische UntersuchungDurch Sectio caesarea geborene und Kolostrum‐frei aufgezogene Kälber wurden mit Rotaviren und enterotoxischenE. coli(ETEC) oral infiziert. Pathologische Veränderungen an der Darmschleimhaut wurden licht‐ und elektronenmikroskopisch dokumentiert und morphometrisch ausgewertet. Die durch Rotaviren verursachte Zottenatrophie trat zuerst im mittleren und kaudalen Jejunum und Ileum auf. Später wurde das kraniale Jejunum miteinbezogen. Vergleicht man das Ausmaß der Zottenverkürzung der hier untersuchten Erreger‐Kombinationen, so zeigt sich, daß die Kombination Rotavirus gefolgt von ETEC und Rotavirus und ETEC gleichzeitig die stärkste Zottenverkürzung hervorrief. Die Zahl der Mitosen in den Krypten des Dünndarmes und die Anzahl der intraepithelialen Lymphozyten der Darmschleimhaut war nach Infektion mit ETEC vermindert, nach Infektion mit Rotaviren dagegen deutlich erhöht.
Der Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen Orthopoxvirus cameli in ostafrikanischen Dromedarseren mit einem ELISA
Authors: Munz E. , Kropp E.‐M. , Reimann M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDemonstration of Antibodies against Orthopoxvirus cameli in Sera of East African Dromedaries by ELISASuitability of an ELISA for detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies against camelpox virus (CPV) was tested by examining 297 sera of dromedaries from Kenya, Somalia and Sudan. Semipurified CPV, propagated in Vero cells, was used as antigen. The ELISA was based on an indirect method for antibody detection using a “sandwich technique”.In 196 sera of dromedaries form different ranches in Kenya, obtained in 1981 to 1984, a high prevalence of antibodies with titres up to 1: 4096 was determined. Comparing the years 1981 to 1984 a slight decrease in antibody titres was detected. 5 animals suffering from acute camelpox showed titres between 1: 8192 and 1: 32768.8 serum samples from Somalia, collected during an outbreak of camelpox showed titres of 1: 2048–1: 8192.A high prevalence of antibodies was also found in 93 samples from Sudan. 95% of the animals showed titres between 1: 128 and 1: 4096.Differences due to sex or age could not be observed.Campelpox seems to be endemic in the areas investigated.The ELISA can be regarded as suitable for both serological screening tests and rapid differentiation of ortho‐ and parapox virus infections in camels.ZusammenfassungMit einem ELISA zum Nachweis von Immunglobulin G‐Antikörpern gegen Kamelpockenvirus (CPV) wurden 297 Dromedarseren aus Kenya, Somalia und dem Sudan untersucht.Als Antigen diente grob gereinigtes, in Verozellkulturen vermehrtes CPV. Der Antikd̈rpernachweis erfolgte mit der indirekten Methode (“Sandwich‐Technik”).Bei 196 Seren von Dromedaren verschiedener Farmen in Kenya aus den Jahren 1981–1984 konnte eine hohe Antikörperpräsenz mit Titern bis 1: 4096 festgestellt werden. Dabei zeigten die Antikörpertiter bei einem Vergleich der Jahre 1981–1984 eine leicht abfallende Tendenz. 5 akut erkrankte Tiere wiesen Titer zwischen 1: 8192 und 1: 32768 auf.8 aus Somalia stammende und während eines akuten Kamelpockenausbruchs 1982 gewonnene Seren zeigten Titer von 1: 2048–1: 8192.Auch bei 93 Seren aus dem Sudan war eine hohe Antikörperpräsenz zu beobachten. 95% der Tiere wiesen Titer zwischen 1: 128 und 1: 4096 auf.Es konnten keine geschlechts‐ oder altersbedingten Unterschiede festgestellt werden. In den untersuchten Gebieten scheinen die Kamelpocken endemisch verbreitet zu sein. Der ELISA wird als geeignetes Verfahren zur Durchführung serologischer Screening‐Tests erachtet sowie zur raschen Differenzierung von Ortho‐ und Parapockenvirusinfektionen bei Kamelen.
On the Occurrence of Toxin‐ProducingPasteurella‐multocida‐Strains in Atrophic Rhinitis and in Pneumonias of Swine and Cattle
Authors: Kielstein P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe occurrence of certain capsular types ofP. multocidain pigs and their ability to produce toxin was investigated. TheP.‐m.‐strains had been isolated originally from pigs acutely affected with Atrophic rhinitis (AR) and pneumonia and from lungs of slaughter pigs. Strains from pneumonic lungs of calves and from rabbits that had died of Pasteurellosis were also included in the investigations. In AR cases toxicP.‐m.‐strains undoubtedly predominated. In animals with acute pneumonia also two‐thirds of theP.‐m.‐isolates were toxin‐producing. A‐, D‐ and untypable strains were able to produce toxin likewise. On the other hand, atoxic A‐strains predominated among isolates from slaughter pigs, D‐strains were also more frequent than A‐strains in the lungs of calves; they were, however, mostly atoxic or weakly toxic, independently of their capsular type. Mainly toxinogenic D‐strains seemed to be of importance in the Pasteurellosis of rabbits. There is the remarkable fact that several capsular types with a different ability to produce toxin frequently play a role in pigs with a simultaneous disease of the upper and lower respiratory tract. The consequences of the findings for the diagnosis, pathogenesis and immuno‐prophylaxis are discussed.ZusammenfassungWir prüften das Vorkommen bestimmter Carter‐Kapseltypen vonP. multocidaund ihr Toxin‐bildungsvermögen, die wir aus akut anRhinitis atrophicansund an Pneumonien erkrankten Schweinen sowie aus Schlachtschweinelungen isolierten. In diese Untersuchungen wurden ebenfalls Stämme aus Pneumonielungen von Kälbern sowie an Pasteurellose verendeten Kaninchen einbezogen. Bei derRhinitis atrophicansdominierten eindeutig die toxischen D‐Stämme. Aber auch bei Tieren mit akuter Pneumonie waren 2/3 derP.m.‐Isolate Toxinbildner. Dazu waren in gleicher Häufigkeit A‐, D‐ und nicht typisierbare Stämme in der Lage. Bei Isolaten aus Schlachtlungen überwogen dagegen eindeutig die atoxischen A‐Stämme. Auch in Kälberlungen wurden häufiger D‐ als A‐Stämme gefunden, die jedoch unabhängig vom Kapseltyp in der Mehrzahl atoxisch bzw. nur schwach toxisch waren. Bei der Kaninchenpasteurellose sind vor allem toxinogene D‐Stämme von Bedeutung. Bemerkenswert ist die Tatsache, daß bei gleichzeitigen Erkrankungen der oberen und tiefen Atemwege des Schweines häufig verschiedene Kapseltypen mit unterschiedlichem Toxinbildungsvermögen eine Rolle spielten. Konsequenzen zur Diagnostik, Pathogenese und Immunprophylaxe werden diskutiert.
Demonstration ofListeria Monocytogeneswith the PAP Technique in Formalin Fixed and Paraffin Embedded Tissues of Experimentally Infected Mice
Authors: Domingo M. , Ramos J. A. , Dominguez L. , Ferrer L. , Marco A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis report describes the demonstration ofListeria monocytogenesin routinely formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues using the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Liver and spleen of mice inoculated intraperitoneally withListeria monocytogenesserotype 1/2 a showed focal necrosis which contained a large number of bacteria. A rabbit anti‐Listeria monocytogenesserum reacted with bacteria in the foci of necrosis. No reaction was observed with other tissues from different species, which contained various known and unknown bacteria. This technique could be helpful in routine diagnosis and pathogenic studies of Listeriosis.ZusammenfassungDarstellung vonListeria monocytogenesmit der PAP‐Technik in mit Formalin fixierten und Paraffin eingebetteten Geweben experimentell infizierter MäuseDie vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Darstellung vonListeria monocytogenesmit der Peroxi‐dase/Antiperoxidase (PAP)‐Methode in routinemäßig mit Formalin fixierten und Paraffin eingebetteten Geweben. In der Leber und Milz von Mäusen, die intraperitoneal mitListeria monocytogenesSerotyp 1/2 a inoculiert wurden, befanden sich Nekroseherde, in denen eine große Anzahl von Bakterien festgestellt wurde. Ein Kaninchen‐Anti‐Listeria monocytogenes‐Serum reagierte mit den Bakterien der Nekroseherde. Dagegen wurden keine Reaktionen mit anderen Geweben verschiedener Spezies beobachtet, die eine Reihe bekannter und unbekannter Bakterien enthielten. Die vorgestellte Technik könnte hilfreich fü die Routinediagnostik und Pathogenitätsstudien der Listeriose sein.
Glomerular Lesions in MRL mice A Light and Immunofluorescence Microscopic Study*
Authors: Hewicker M. , Trautwein G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn a sequential study the spontaneously occurring glomerular lesions in MRL mice were analysed by light and immunofluorescence microscopy. The study was carried out with a total of 265 MRL mice of both substrains (MRL/Mp‐lpr/lpr and —+/+) and of different age‐groups. The glomerular lesions were classified in five forms of glomerulonephritis (GN): focal GN, diffuse GN, membranoproliferative GN, intra‐ and extracapillary‐proliferative (crescentic) GN, and membranous GN. Crescentic GN was exclusively seen in mice of substrain lpr/lpr, occurring predominantly in female mice. The immunofluorescence study revealed that in nearly all MRL mice which suffered from the different forms of GN, granular deposits of immune complex‐components (immunoglobulin G, C3, gp 71‐antigen of murine Friend leukaemia virus) were found.ZusammenfassungGlomeruläre Läsionen bei MRL Mäusen Eine licht‐ und immunfluoreszenzmikroskopische UntersuchungIn einer sequentiellen Studie wurden die spontan auftretenden glomerulären Läsionen bei MRL‐Mäusen licht‐ und immunfluoreszenzmikroskopisch analysiert. Insgesamt wurden 265 MRL‐Mäuse beider Substämme (MRL/Mp‐lpr/lpr und —+/+) und verschiedener Altersgruppen untersucht. Die glomerulären Läsionen wurden in fünf Glomerulonephritis (GN)‐Formen klassifiziert: fokale GN, diffuse GN, membranoproliferative GN, intra‐ und extrakapillär‐proliferative GN und membranöse GN. Die intra‐ und extrakapillär‐proliferative GN wurde nur bei Mäusen des Substammes —lpr/lpr gefunden, wobei überwiegend weibliche Mäuse betroffen waren.Die immunfluoreszenzmikroskopische Untersuchung ergab, daß bei nahezu allen Mäusen, bei denen die verschiedenen GN‐Formen vorlagen, granuläre Ablagerungen von Immunkomplexkomponenten (Immunglobulin G, C3, gp 71‐Antigen des murinen Friend leukaemia virus) vorhanden waren.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Wirkung einer chronischen aerogenen Schadgasbelastung des Saugferkels mit Ammoniak unterschiedlicher Konzentrationen
Authors: Neumann R. , Mehlhorn G. , Leonhardt W. , Kastner P. , Willig R. , Schimmel D. , Johannsen U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExperimental studies on the effect on unweaned pigs of aerogenous toxic gas stress, using ammonia of differing concentrations.1. Clinical picture of ammonia‐exposed piglets under the influence ofPasteurella multocidainfection, with and without exposure to thermo‐motor stress.In 3 experiments on unweaned piglets the influence of long term exposure to ammonia (Expts. 1 and 2, 50 ppm ammonia for 42 or 35 days; Expt. 3 100ppm ammonia for 31 days) and the behaviour of the animals, their liveweight development and the clinical picture were studied after intranasal challenge withPasteurella multocidaCarter type A. Some of the piglets were exposed to thermomotor stress by swimming in addition to the above stress.The results showed that a monofactorial form of stress in piglets between birth and weaning, using exposure to 50 or 100 ppm ammonia, did not have any noticeable effect on behaviour or liveweight development. The additional presence of experimentally induced infection pressure and especially the simultaneous thermo‐motor stress gave rise to a dosage‐dependent liveweight reduction of 20% (50 ppm ammonia) and 30% (100 ppm) which favoured infection as judged by quantitative cytological measurements of the white cell differential count and the rectal temperature of the piglets.ZusammenfassungIn 3 Versuchen wurde der Einfluß einer aerogenen Langzeitexposition mit Ammoniak (Versuch 1 und 2 — Gasexposition: 50 ppm über 42d bzw. 35d; Versuch 3 — Gasexposition: 100ppm über 31 d) auf das Tierverhalten, die Lebendmasseentwicklung und das klinische Bild nach intranasaler Challenge‐Infektion mitPasteurella multocidaCartertyp A von Saugferkeln untersucht. Ein Teil der Tiere wurde neben den genannten Versuchsbedingungen einer thermo‐motorischen Belastung im Schwimmtest unterzogen.Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse weisen aus, daß eine monofaktorielle Schadgasbelastung im Zeitraum von der Geburt bis zum Absetzen der Ferkel bei Konzentrationen von 50 ppm und 100 ppm das Tierverhalten und die Lebendmasseentwicklung nicht nachweisbar beeinflußt. Bei vorhandenem experimentell induzierten Infektionsdruck und insbesondere bei gleichzeitiger thermo‐motorischer Zusatzbelastung läßt sich neben einer konzentrationsabhängigen Lebendmasseminderung von 20% (50 ppm) bzw. von 30% (100 ppm) ein infektionsfördernder Einfluß des Schadgases, gemessen anhand der quantitativ zytologischen Veränderungen im weißen Differentialzellbild sowie der Rektaltemperatur der Ferkel, nachweisen.