bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of a Phospholipase D Gene,OsPLDβ1, Activates Defense Responses and Increases Disease Resistance in Rice
Authors: Yamaguchi Takeshi , Kuroda Masaharu , Yamakawa Hiromoto , Ashizawa Taketo , Hirayae Kazuyuki , Kurimoto Leona , Shinya Tomonori , Shibuya Naoto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPhospholipase D (PLD) plays an important role in plants, including responses to abiotic as well as biotic stresses. A survey of the rice (Oryza sativa) genome database indicated the presence of 17 PLD genes in the genome, among which OsPLDα1, OsPLDα5, and OsPLDβ1 were highly expressed in most tissues studied. To examine the physiological function of PLD in rice, we made knockdown plants for each PLD isoform by introducing gene-specific RNA interference constructs. One of them, OsPLDβ1-knockdown plants, showed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the absence of pathogen infection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and DNA microarray analyses revealed that the knockdown of OsPLDβ1 resulted in the up-/down-regulation of more than 1,400 genes, including the induction of defense-related genes such as pathogenesis-related protein genes and WRKY/ERF family transcription factor genes. Hypersensitive response-like cell death and phytoalexin production were also observed at a later phase of growth in the OsPLDβ1-knockdown plants. These results indicated that the OsPLDβ1-knockdown plants spontaneously activated the defense responses in the absence of pathogen infection. Furthermore, the OsPLDβ1-knockdown plants exhibited increased resistance to the infection of major pathogens of rice, Pyricularia grisea and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. These results suggested that OsPLDβ1 functions as a negative regulator of defense responses and disease resistance in rice.
The Arabidopsis RING Finger E3 Ligase RHA2a Is a Novel Positive Regulator of Abscisic Acid Signaling during Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development
Authors: Bu Qingyun , Li Hongmei , Zhao Qingzhen , Jiang Hongling , Zhai Qingzhe , Zhang Jie , Wu Xiaoyan , Sun Jiaqiang , Xie Qi , Wang Daowen , Li Chuanyou 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is well known for its regulatory roles in integrating environmental constraints with the developmental programs of plants. Here, we characterize the biological function of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) RING-H2 protein RHA2a in ABA signaling. The rha2a mutant is less sensitive to ABA than the wild type during seed germination and early seedling development, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing RHA2a are hypersensitive, indicating that RHA2a positively regulates ABA-mediated control of seed germination and early seedling development. Double mutant analyses of rha2a with several known ABA-insensitive mutants suggest that the action of RHA2a in ABA signaling is independent of that of the transcription factors ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. We provide evidence showing that RHA2a also positively regulates plant responses to salt and osmotic stresses during seed germination and early seedling development. RHA2a is a functional E3 ubiquitin ligase, and its conserved RING domain is likely important for the biological function of RHA2a in ABA signaling. Together, these results suggest that the E3 ligase RHA2a is an important regulator of ABA signaling during seed germination and early seedling development.
Simulation of fuel behaviour during aircraft in‐flight refueling
Authors: Ng H.W. , Tan F.L. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeIn‐flight refueling is one of the most important technologies developed in military aviation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamic behaviour of fuel during a refuel process by means of an internal flow analysis software program.Design/methodology/approachThe dynamic behaviour of fuel during a refuel process is analyzed by means of an internal flow analysis software program called Flowmaster. The refueling system is analyzed by representing physical components as flow resistances and control volumes and calculating the flow rates and pressures along the system. Both steady and transient state analyses are performed to identify the locations where high‐pressure surges are likely. The peak pressures are compared to allowable proof pressures of system components to ensure that they are not exceeded.FindingsIt was found that a transient analysis of the fuel behaviour in the refuel pod system for a complete refueling process can be completed successfully with Flowmaster software.Originality/valueThe paper models a complete refueling process with the sequence of trail, fuel transfer and rewind phase in order to analyse the fuel‐transient behaviour, in particular near to the times where the valves are activated.
Controlling resonance frequencies of a rectangular plate by a discrete applied force
Authors: Uzal Erol , Korbahti Banu 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse analytically a control scheme in which the resonance frequencies of a rectangular plate is modified by applying a discrete lateral force proportional to the displacement of the plate measured at a single point.Design/methodology/approachAn isotropic, elastic, rectangular, thin plate which is simply supported along all sides is actuated at point (x2, y2) by applying a force, and the displacement is measured at (x1, y1).FindingsThe main outcome is the full analytical solution for the controlled eigenfrequencies and mode shapes which allows a detailed study of the efficiency of the control method proposed.Originality/valueThe present study was made in the form of an exact analytical solution and demonstrates that it is possible to affect the eigenfrequencies and mode shapes of a plate by measuring the displacement and applying a pressure at discrete points on the plate.
Attitude model identification of on‐orbit satellites
Authors: Geng Lihui , Zhang Tao , Xiao Deyun , Song Jingyan 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an identification algorithm to obtain generalized attitude model (GAM) of satellites in on‐orbit environment, which includes missing attitude data and multi‐noise. The identified GAM and noise model are the basis of attitude control and state estimation on‐orbit.Design/methodology/approachTo cope with noises contaminating both input and output of attitude model, the errors‐in‐variables model is transformed into a traditional Box‐Jenkins model according to the attitude control loop. The wavelet denoising (WD) technique is helpful to predict the missing output data using the identified GAM.FindingsBy the numerical simulation, it is verified that the proposal accompanied with WD has a faster prediction capability than that of the algorithm without WD. As a result, the proposed approach is suitable to attitude model identification of on‐orbit satellites.Originality/valueThis identification algorithm can deal with two kinds of on‐orbit conditions and has a fast parameter convergent rate. Therefore, it has a practical application value in on‐orbit environment.
Effect of manganese addition on anode characteristics of electrolytic magnesium
Authors: Parthiban G.T. , Palaniswamy N. , Sivan V. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of manganese addition on sacrificial anode characteristics of electrolytic magnesium.Design/methodology/approachDifferent contents of manganese were added to magnesium. Anode characteristics were evaluated and correlated to added manganese.FindingsThe performance of an anode depends strongly on the manganese content. An optimum value for the manganese to be added was identified. The impurity levels to obtain efficiencies above 50 per cent also are reported.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the properties of magnesium‐manganese binary alloys for use as sacrificial anodes in cathodic protection.
Nanocrystalline titanium aluminide coatings for ambient and high‐temperature corrosion protection of CP‐Ti
Authors: Aliofkhazraei M. , Fartash R. , Sabour Rouhaghdam A. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate improving high‐temperature oxidation resistance of titanium by developing new coatings based on aluminum and its combination with the substrate. Nanocrystalline plasma electrolytic saturations were applied on the surface of commercially pure titanium in an aqueous bath. The aim was to obtain good corrosion and oxidation resistances of the differently treated samples by investigation of their nanostructures. The advantages of developed new coatings and the necessity of their use in modern gas turbine engines allow the metals to be used safely at high temperatures, which in turn can enhance the efficiency of gas‐turbine engine‐compressor sections.Design/methodology/approachThe electrolytic saturation process was done in an aqueous bath with different effective parameters such as frequency, peak of applied pulsed voltage, etc. to obtain the desired nanostructures. Systematic characterization was carried out on as‐prepared as well as oxidized coatings and these results are presented. The performance of new coatings was evaluated by generating weight‐gain data as a function of time, followed by detailed characterization in order to confirm the ability of the coatings to prevent oxidation and alpha‐case formation. Potentiodynamic polarization and SEM nanograph analysis were undertaken to study corrosion resistance and the nanostructure of obtained layers.FindingsThe results showed that the corrosion and oxidation resistance of the obtained layers depended strongly to the average size of nanocrystallites and their nanomorphology. All coated samples had better electrochemical and oxidation behavior compared to the untreated substrate.Practical implicationsThe results obtained in this research into nanocrystalline plasma electrolytic saturation can be used wherever good corrosion and oxidation resistances with high efficiency are required.Originality/valueThe speed of treatment by this technique makes this method very suitable for industrial surface treatment of different components.
Prospering in uncertain times
Authors: Price Tony 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline some of the measures that UK business leaders can take, during times of economic turbulence, to ensure that their companies survive and thrive.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is written from the perspective of the UK and Ireland CEO of Vistage International, the world's leading executives' organisation; it explores some of the most effective methods and ideas, drawing on current Vistage members as case studies.FindingsIt was found that even during times of uncertainty, adequate preparation and innovation can enable UK businesses to conquer economic challenges and potential obstacles.Practical implicationsCompetitive advantages are to be optimised, preparation and flexible planning are to be prioritised and teams are to be reorganised, if appropriate.Originality/valueThe paper provides a useful survival guide for all those business leaders – particularly those who have never before experienced a troubled economic climate – who have an interest in executive development.
Tackling psychological disengagement in older workers
Authors: Hewitt Susan D. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeOlder workers are an increasingly important part of the workforce yet their job motivation can be low. This paper sets out to look at the possible reasons for this and to suggest how their disengagement can be addressed through development and training.Design/methodology/approachA range of research and other relevant literature is reviewed. Real life experiences with older workers' development are reported and practical suggestions made for implementation.FindingsMotivation and engagement are affected by organisational policies and culture as well as self stereotyping and perceptions of others. Engagement can be significantly improved through a range of measures including targeted development.Practical implicationsThe main implications are that addressing psychological disengagement is not a quick fix. L&D staff will need a wide influence across the organisation and time to see the measures take effect.Originality/valueThis is the first report bringing together a disparate range of data around older workers' engagement and relating these directly to training and development. It will be of value to HR, L&D and Equality professionals.
Information use and information processing
Authors: Savolainen Reijo 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to elaborate the picture of the processes of information use by comparing conceptualizations provided by the constructivist approach and the human information processing approach.Design/methodology/approachThe article is a conceptual analysis of major articles characterizing information use and human information processing in the fields of information studies and consumer research.FindingsIt is found that both research approaches share the assumption that interpreting, relating and comparing qualities of things is fundamental to the information use process.Research limitations/implicationsThe picture of information use processes is based on the comparison of two research approaches only.Originality/valueCompared to the numerous studies on information needs and seeking, the questions of information use have remained under‐researched. The study elaborates the conceptual picture of information use processes by identifying similarities and differences between two major research approaches.
Reductive and generative approaches to management of morphological variation of keywords in monolingual information retrieval
Authors: Kettunen Kimmo 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to discuss advantages and disadvantages of various means to manage morphological variation of keywords in monolingual information retrieval.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present a compilation of query results from 11 mostly European languages and a new general classification of the language dependent techniques for management of morphological variation. Variants of the different techniques are compared in some detail in terms of retrieval effectiveness and other criteria. The paper consists mainly of an overview of different management methods for keyword variation in information retrieval. Typical IR retrieval results of 11 languages and a new classification for keyword management methods are also presented.FindingsThe main results of the paper are an overall comparison of reductive and generative keyword management methods in terms of retrieval effectiveness and other broader criteria.Originality/valueThe paper is of value to anyone who wants to get an overall picture of keyword management techniques used in IR.
Revisiting “what is a document?”
Authors: Frohmann Bernd 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a reconsideration of Michael Buckland's important question, “What is a document?”, analysing the point and purpose of definitions of “document” and “documentation”.Design/methodology/approachTwo philosophical notions of the point of definitions are contrasted: John Stuart Mill's concept of a “real” definition, purporting to specify the nature of the definiendum; and a concept of definition based upon a foundationalist philosophy of language. Both conceptions assume that a general, philosophical justification for using words as we do is always in order. This assumption is criticized by deploying Hilary Putnam's arguments against the orthodox Wittgensteinian interpretation of criteria governing the use of language. The example of the cabinets of curiosities of the sixteenth‐century English and European virtuosi is developed to show how one might productively think about what documents might be, but without a definition of a document.FindingsOther than for specific, instrumentalist purposes (often appropriate for specific case studies), there is no general philosophical reason for asking, what is a document? There are good reasons for pursuing studies of documentation without the impediments of definitions of “document” or “documentation”.Originality/valueThe paper makes an original contribution to the new interest in documentation studies by providing conceptual resources for multiplying, rather than restricting, the areas of application of the concepts of documents and documentation.
Human resource practices, job embeddedness and intention to quit
Authors: Bergiel Erich B. , Nguyen Vinh Q. , Clenney Beth F. , Stephen Taylor G. 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the whether job embeddedness is a mediator of the relationship between human resource practices and employees’ intention to quit. The study presented here used job embeddedness, a new construct, to investigate its mediation effect on the relationship between employees’ intentions to leave and four areas of human resource practices: compensation, supervisor support, growth opportunity and training.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was given to employees at a state department of corrections asking their attitudes about their job, their place of employment, and the agency as a whole. The results of this questionnaire were analyzed utilizing the four‐step method for mediation analysis.FindingsJob embeddedness fully mediated compensation and growth opportunity, partially mediated supervisor support, and did not mediate training in relation to employees’ intention to quit. Research limitations/implications –A self‐reported, cross‐sectional questionnaire was used to collect all measures. Additionally, this study used a single sample. Future research needs to obtain more diversified samples and continue to expand current research by examining additional areas of human resource practices.Practical implicationsManagers can utilize several strategies and tactics from a variety of human resource practices in order to build deeper links, make a better fit, and create greater potential sacrifices for employees should they decide to look for or pursue other employment opportunities.Originality/valueThis paper presents one of the first studies to examine how job embeddedness develops, and what factors cause employees embedded in their jobs to keep them from leaving the organization.
Budget participation and job performance of South Korean managers mediated by job satisfaction and job relevant information
Authors: Leach‐López Maria A. , Stammerjohan William W. , Sang Lee Kyoo 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the participative budgeting literature, and specifically the budgetary participation literature that has examined the casual mechanisms linking participation to satisfaction/performance and the literature that has examined culture as an explanatory factor in the budgetary participation/performance relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs the path model to examine and compare the budget participation–performance relationship for South Korean managers working for either US controlled or Asian controlled companies in South Korea. The path model allows the examination of the direct effects of budget participation on performance and the indirect effects between budget participation and performance that run through job satisfaction and job relevant information.FindingsThe primary findings of this study are that while there are strong associations between budget participation and performance for both samples of managers, the causal mechanisms connecting budget participation to performance are different between these two groups. The information–communication connection between budget participation and performance is stronger among the South Korean managers working for US controlled companies.Research limitations/implicationsOur study suffers from three common limitations found in all survey research: lack of temporal precedence between the independent and dependent variables; any limitations imbedded in the scales used to measure our variables; and generalizability of our samples.Originality/valueThe findings presented in this paper should have important implications for US companies employing US management techniques in their foreign operations.
A conceptual model and illustrative research framework for inter‐organizational innovation
Authors: Matheus Thomas 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated model, which incorporates the influence of different dimensions of power on various sub‐components of continuous innovation in inter‐firm networks using the product development process (PDP) as the unit of analysis.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical framework is developed initially. The theoretical framework is supported by two illustrative examples from the aerospace industry. Semi‐structured interviews, observation and template analysis are proposed as suitable data collection and analysis methods.FindingsThe paper offers a view on how the PDP is facilitated and/or constrained due to this interweavement. The paper offers five tentative initial templates surrounding the themes discussed.Research limitations/implicationsThe conceptual framework is still in its nascent stage and requires substantial empirical work. As the relationships between power and knowledge in inter‐firm networks are currently under‐researched it might be worthwhile considering a qualitative approach to widen our understanding of the interrelationships of the concepts before embarking on a quantitative research endeavour.Originality/valueThis paper provides a conceptual model of how four dimensions of power influence the integration of sub‐components of continuous innovation throughout the high‐phased stage‐gate process in an inter‐firm network.
International operations and export performance: an empirical study
Authors: Laureano Paiva Ely , Marques Vieira Luciana 
Published: March 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of operations management in the development of international operations – international operations being considered as distribution centers, services and manufacturing plants abroad.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model evaluates the relationship between international operations, cross‐functional orientation (CFO) and company's exports performance. A survey was carried out with 99 companies from two industries (machinery and food) located in a newly industrialized country. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results suggest the existence of a relation between international operations to company's performance and also that international operations are positively related to CFO.Research limitations/implicationsThe sampling frame is limited to only two industries: machinery and food and to companies located in southern Brazil.Originality/valueThe paper is of value in showing how the process of internationalization should be an integrated action which leads to better performance. This is especially important for companies starting their internationalization process and should be tested in other industries and countries.