bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐trimester screening and its impact on uptake of diagnostic testing
Authors: Darnes Deanna R. , Hashmi Syed , Monga Manju , Sullivan Cathy , Vidaeff Alex , Berens Pamela , Czerwinski Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of first‐trimester screening (FTS) on a patient's decision regarding prenatal diagnostic testing (PDT) and if the uptake rate of PDT has changed among women with advanced maternal age (AMA) following the January 2007 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists statement regarding FTS.MethodsA database review was performed for the 2 years before and the 2 years after the January statement. A total of 7424 patient records were evaluated to determine the number of AMA women who obtained PDT, the number of positive and negative FTS results, and how many of those women had PDT. We then surveyed 53 patients and 23 referring physicians to determine what the patient understands about FTS, how patients utilize their FTS results, and how physicians educate their patients about FTS.ResultsWe determined that there was a 19.6% decrease in the uptake of PDT since that statement. Prior to their counseling session (2009–2010), 43% of those surveyed were against having PDT. After counseling, only 9% were against PDT. Overall, 91% were either open to or wanted PDT after counseling.ConclusionsIn addition to FTS results, we found that genetic counseling may be an influential factor in the patient's decision regarding PDT. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges associated with exposure to chronic trauma:Using a public health framework to foster resilient outcomes among youth
Authors: Overstreet Stacy , Mathews Tara 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFor many children, trauma exposure is a common and chronic experience. Chronic trauma exposure during childhood significantly increases the risk for emotional/behavioral disorders and academic failure. There is a critical need for school psychologists, and the schools in which they work, to understand the unique needs of students with or at risk for emotional disorders or academic difficulties secondary to trauma exposure. This article reviews the effects of trauma exposure on the psychosocial and academic functioning of children and discusses a public health framework for building social‐emotional protective factors into the school setting to foster resilience to trauma. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anxiety, depression and quality of life after cancer diagnosis: what psychosocial variables best predict how patients adjust?
Authors: Hulbert‐Williams Nicholas , Neal Richard , Morrison Val , Hood Kerry , Wilkinson Clare 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveSignificant numbers of cancer patients suffer distress, reduced quality of life and various other psychological problems. Evidence regarding psychological predictors of these outcomes is inconsistent. This study explored a range of predictors using an established psychological framework to identify the most important predictors of cancer adjustment, and when these are best assessed for optimal outcome prediction.MethodsOne hundred sixty newly diagnosed breast, colorectal, lung and prostate cancer patients completed questionnaires after diagnosis and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. Measures included personality, illness cognitions, emotion, coping and outcome (anxiety, depression and quality of life).ResultsBetween 47–74% of variance in psychosocial outcome was explained although large proportions were accounted for by clinical factors, demographics and earlier levels of anxiety, depression and quality of life. Of the psychological variables, cognitive appraisals featured more consistently then either emotions or coping.ConclusionsThere are clear and consistent predictors of negative psychosocial outcome that could be used in clinical practice to risk‐assess and monitor patients for adjustment difficulties. The finding that appraisals were more predictive of outcome than emotions and coping may inform the development of psychological interventions for cancer patients.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors related to depressive symptoms among Chinese caregivers of cancer patients
Authors: Yang Xiaoshi , Wang Lie , He Jian , Ge Cuixia , Chang Ying , Fu Jialang , Wei Jiansi , Pattaramongkolar Emon , Zhou Yiming 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveCaregivers, assuming the responsibilities of caring for patients, are involved in significant emotional and physical caring which may lead to depressive symptoms. However, few studies are available pertaining to related factors of depressive symptoms among cancer caregivers in China. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and to explore its predictive factors.MethodsA face‐to‐face interview was conducted with 312 cancer caregivers in Shenyang. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis was used to explore the factors related to depressive symptoms. In the hierarchical regression, caregiver demographic characteristics were entered in the first step, patients' characteristics were entered in the second step, objective caregiving loads were entered in the third step, subjective caregiving burden was entered in the fourth step, and Sense of Coherence (SOC) was entered in the last step.ResultsThe prevalence of caregivers' depressive symptoms was 63.5%. Regression analyses showed that demographic characteristics of caregivers and subjective caregiving burden explained most of the total variance, accounting for 28.5% and 14.6%, respectively. Subjective caregiving burden was positively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas SOC was negatively associated with depressive symptoms.ConclusionsChinese caregivers of cancer patients experienced higher levels of depressive symptoms. Demographic characteristics of caregivers and subjective caregiving burden were the most significant predictors of depressive symptoms, whereas SOC could attenuate the levels of depressive symptoms. Caregiving burden should be decreased, and SOC is highly recommended to manage caregiving tasks in order to alleviate depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical and mental health status and health behaviors in male breast cancer survivors: a national, population‐based, case‐control study
Authors: Andrykowski Michael A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveIdentify the current physical and mental health status and health behaviors of male breast cancer survivors.MethodsUsing data from the national, population‐based, 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, 66 cases of male breast cancer were identified (mean age = 66.2 years, mean time since diagnosis = 12.0 years). Male breast cancer cases were matched with 198 male BRFSS respondents with no history of cancer (control group) on age, education, and minority status. The male breast cancer and control groups were compared on physical and mental health status and health behaviors, using t‐test and logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe male breast cancer group reported poorer physical and mental health than controls. Male breast cancer survivors were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to be obese (Odds Ratio = 2.41) and reported more physical comorbidities (Effect Size = 0.45) and activity limitations (Odds Ratio = 3.17), poorer life satisfaction (Effect Size = 0.41) and general health (Effect Size = 0.40), and more days in the past month when mental health (Effect Size = 0.49), and physical health (Effect Size = 0.29) were not good. In contrast, the male breast cancer and control groups were similar with regard to current health behaviors, including tobacco and alcohol use, diet, exercise, and health care.ConclusionsThe diagnosis and treatment of male breast cancer may be associated with clinically important and long‐term deficits in physical and mental health status, deficits which may exceed those evidenced by long‐term female breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physics of extra dimensions
Authors: Antoniadis I. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the first part of my lectures, I discuss the main motivations and directions for physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles and I give a short introduction on string theory. This theory introduces a new physical constant, the string length, under which a new fundamental structure appears, changing drastically the laws of nature. In particular, lowering the string scale in the TeV region provides a theoretical framework for solving the so‐called mass hierarchy problem: the apparent weakness of gravity can be accounted by the existence of large internal dimensions, in the submillimeter region, and transverse to a braneworld where our observed universe is confined.
Bias‐driven super‐insulating state in prismane single‐molecule contacts
Authors: Luzhbin D. A. , Kaun C.‐C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractQuantum transport in a single‐molecule contact made of a prismane cluster C8 attached to quasi‐one‐dimensional gold (100) electrodes is calculated using the ab initio methodology based on the density‐functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's functions formalism. Varying the junction length L we calculate the length dependence of the zero‐bias conductance G (L) and, for a set of the interelectrode distances, the current–voltage (I –V) characteristics. It is shown that the G (L) dependence is strongly nonmonotonic with a sharp dip at some value of L. With increase in L, the I –V curves change their shape from monotonic curves to curves with a negative differential resistance area and, for a larger L, the junction exhibits the super‐insulating state, i.e., within some applied bias voltage range the current through the junctions is about two orders of magnitude less than the current outside this bias range. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Autonomous science during large‐scale robotic survey
Authors: Thompson David R. , Wettergreen David S. , Peralta Francisco J. Calderóon 
Published: June 2011

AbstractToday's planetary exploration robots rarely travel beyond the yesterday imagery. However, advances in autonomous mobility will soon permit single‐command site surveys of multiple kilometers. Here scientists cannot see the terrain in advance, and explorer robots must navigate and collect data autonomously. Onboard science data understanding can improve these surveys with image analysis, pattern recognition, learned classification, and information‐theoretic planning. We report on field experiments near Amboy Crater, California, that demonstrate fundamental capabilities for autonomous surficial mapping of geologic phenomena with a visible near‐infrared spectrometer. We develop an approach to “science on the fly'' that adapts the robot's exploration using collected instrument data. We demonstrate feature detection and visual servoing to acquire spectra from dozens of targets without human intervention. The rover interprets spectra onboard, learning spatial models of science phenomena that guide it toward informative areas. It discovers spatial structure (correlations between neighboring regions) and cross‐sensor structure (correlations between different scales). The rover uses surface observations to reinterpret satellite imagery and improve exploration efficiency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anytime online novelty and change detection for mobile robots
Authors: Sofman Boris , Neuman Bradford , Stentz Anthony , Bagnell J. Andrew 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn many mobile robot applications, the high cost of damaging the robot or its environment makes even rare failures unacceptable. To mitigate this risk, a robot must be able to detect potentially hazardous situations before it experiences a major failure. This problem therefore becomes one of novelty and change detection: how a robot can identify when perception inputs differ from prior inputs seen during training or previous operation in the same area. With this ability, the system can either avoid novel locations to minimize risk or stop and enlist human help via supervisory control or teleoperation. We present an anytime novelty detection algorithm that deals with noisy and redundant high‐dimensional feature spaces that are common in robotics by utilizing prior class information within the training set. This approach is also well suited for online use when a constantly adjusting environmental model is beneficial. Furthermore, we address the problem of change detection in an environment of repeated operation by framing it as a location‐specific version of novelty detection and present an online scene segmentation algorithm that improves accuracy across diverse environments. We validate these approaches through extensive experiments onboard two outdoor mobile robot platforms, show that our approaches are robust to noisy sensor data and moderate registration errors, and argue how such abilities could be key in increasing the real‐world applications and impact of mobile robotics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outdoor field performances of insect‐based visual motion sensors
Authors: Expert Fabien , Viollet Stéphane , Ruffier Franck 
Published: June 2011

AbstractConsiderable attention has been paid during the past decade to navigation systems based on the use of visual optic flow cues. Optic flow‐‐based visuomotor control systems have been implemented on an increasingly large number of sighted autonomous robots designed to travel under specific lighting conditions. Many algorithms based on conventional cameras or custom‐made sensors are being used nowadays to process visual motion. In this paper, we focus on the reliability of our optical sensors, which can be used to measure the local one‐dimensional angular speed of robots flying outdoors over a visual scene in terms of their accuracy, range, refresh rate, and sensitivity to illuminance variations. We have designed, constructed, and characterized two miniature custom‐made visual motion sensors: (i) the APIS (adaptive pixels for insect‐based sensors)‐based local motion sensor involving the use of an array custom‐made in Very‐Large‐Scale Integration (VLSI) technology, which is equipped with Delbrück‐type autoadaptive pixels, and (ii) the LSC‐based (LSC is a component purchased from iC‐Haus) local motion sensor involving the use of off‐the‐shelf linearly amplified photosensors, which is equipped with an onchip preamplification circuit. By combining these photodetectors with a low‐cost optical assembly and a bioinspired visual processing algorithm, highly effective miniature sensors were obtained for measuring the visual angular speed in field experiments. The present study focused on the static characteristics and the dynamic responses of these local motion sensors over a wide range of illuminance values, ranging from 50 to 10,000 lux both indoors and outdoors. Although outdoor experiments are of great interest to equip micro‐air vehicles with visual motion sensors, we also performed indoor experiments as a comparison. The LSC‐based visual motion sensor was found to be more accurate in a narrow, 1.5‐decade illuminance range, whereas the APIS‐based visual motion sensor was more robust to illuminance changes in a larger, 3‐decade range. The method presented in this study provides a new benchmark test for thoroughly characterizing visual motion and optic flow sensors designed to operate outdoors under various lighting conditions, in unknown environments where future micro‐aerial vehicles will be able to navigate safely. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SPATIAL, SEASONAL AND INTER‐ANNUAL VARIABILITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYTOPLANKTON STANDING STOCK OF THE TEMPERATE, LOWLAND RIDEAU RIVER, ONTARIO, CANADA
Authors: Hamilton P. B. , Lavoie I. , Poulin M. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTChlorophyll‐a, biomass and living unit concentrations were monitored across the Rideau River over a three‐year period. The results show that a continuum of changing physical, biological and chemical conditions altered the phytoplankton standing stock of the Rideau River. From year to year, weather conditions and anthropogenic impacts like discharge control had a clear effect on the phytoplankton community. The year 2000, with poorer growing conditions and higher flow regime, had a significantly lower phytoplankton standing stock across all the stations. Based on hydrological characteristics, the Rideau River was divided into four distinct reaches, and ANOVAs show a clear reach effect on phytoplankton standing stock. The invasive zebra mussel consistently reduced the phytoplankton standing stock downstream from the main invasion zone over the three years, although there were differences between years. The non‐native zebra mussel further altered the phosphorus–phytoplankton standing stock relationship. Nutrients, ions and metals were not clearly correlated to standing stock in this three‐year study, although the significant effect of the four reaches suggested that environmental characteristics other than hydrological conditions may have an influence. Phytoplankton development downstream followed a polynomial model. However, unlike the stages of development characterizing many river continuum models, the pattern observed in the present study was affected by zebra mussels followed by anthropogenic impacts of discharge control and eutrophication. This and other studies on the Rideau River highlight the significance of scale (spatial and temporal) and metrics selected when evaluating environmental impacts and developing watershed models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi scale modal decomposition of primary form, waviness and roughness of surfaces
Authors: Goic Gaetan Le , Favrelière Hugues , Samper Serge , Formosa Fabien 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article introduces an innovative method for the multi‐scale analysis of high value‐added surfaces, which consists of applying a method based on a new parameterization. This kind of surface parameterization refers to natural modes of vibration, and is therefore named modal parameterization. It allows us to characterize the form, waviness and roughness defects of a surface. This parameterization opens up new fields of analysis, such as the appearance quality of surfaces. It is thereby possible to decompose a measured surface in a vector basis, of which vectors are represented by plane natural eigenmodes sorted by frequency and complexity. Different filtering operations can then be produced, such as extracting the primary form of the surface. To analyze the perceived quality of surfaces, these investigations focus on two approaches: that appearance defects have small periodicity, and that there is a link between curvatures and the visual impact of an anomaly. This methodology is applied to two prestige lighters, whose surfaces were measured by extended field confocal microscopy. Moreover, a prospect of this work is to develop an augmented‐reality‐type monitoring tool for sensory experts. SCANNING 33: 332–341, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro antitumor activity of broccolini seeds extracts
Authors: Yang Yanjing , Zhang Xuewu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBroccolini (Brassica oleracea Italica × Alboglabra) is a hybrid of broccoli and kai‐lan, Chinese broccoli. To date, no report on antitumor activity of Broccolini (NOT Broccoli) is available. In this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative effects of broccolini seeds extract (BSE) on human lung and ovarian cancer cells. It was found that BSE induces A549 and OVCAR‐3 cells apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner by using MTT assay. The IC50 values of BSE in A549 and OVCAR‐3 cells were estimated to be 81.94 and 78.6 µg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the phase contrast microscope showed that in high‐dose group (90∼120 µg/ml), the morphology structure of OVCAR‐3 cells become irregular and exhibited characteristics of apoptosis such as cell membrane shrinkage, condensation and fragmentation of nuclear chromatin as well as formation of apoptotic bodies. SCANNING 33:402–404, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterning Nanostructured, Synthetic, Polymeric Receptors by Simultaneous Projection Photolithography, Nanomolding, and Molecular Imprinting
Authors: Linares Ana V. , Falcimaigne‐Cordin Aude , Gheber Levi A. , Haupt Karsten 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMicroscope projection photolithography is combined with nanomolding and molecular imprinting for the fast microfabrication of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) arrays in the form of micrometric islands of nanofilaments. Dot diameters from 70–90 μm are easily obtained using a 10× objective and a photomask carrying the desired pattern. The dots are composed of parallel nanofilaments of a high aspect ratio, 150 nm in diameter and several micrometers in length, which are obtained through a nanomolding procedure on porous alumina. The arrays are molecularly imprinted with the small molecule fluorescein or with the protein myoglobin. The fluorescein MIP arrays are able to specifically recognize their target, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. A four‐fold increase in binding capacity and imprinting factor (IF = 13) is obtained compared to non‐nanostructured porous dots. Imprinting of the nanofilament arrays with the protein myoglobin as the template is also possible and allows for a high imprinting factor of 4.3. Such nanostructured microarrays of synthetic receptors obtained by projection photolithography have great potential in biosensor and biochip development.
A self‐applicable online partial evaluator for recursive flowchart languages
Authors: Glück Robert 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThis paper describes a self‐applicable online partial evaluator for a flowchart language with recursive calls. Self‐application of the partial evaluator yields generating extensions that are as efficient as those reported in the literature for offline partial evaluation. This result is remarkable because it has been assumed that online partial evaluation techniques unavoidably lead to inefficient and overgeneralized generating extensions. The purpose of this paper is not to determine which kind of partial evaluation is better, but to show how the problem can be solved by recursive polyvariant specialization. The design of the self‐applicable online partial evaluator is based on a number of known techniques, but by combining them in a new way this result can be produced. The partial evaluator, its techniques, and its implementation are presented in full. Self‐application according to all three Futamura projections is demonstrated. The complete bootstrap of a compiler generator from a partial evaluator is also reported. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulations of Liquid Steel Infiltration in Ceramic Foam Structures. Part II: Application to Laboratory‐Scale Experiments
Authors: Klostermann J. , Schwarze R. , Weider M. , Brücker Ch. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe infiltration of liquid TRIP steel into a porous zirconium dioxide foam ceramics is a possible production line for a new composite material. This composite is currently under investigation and development in the Collaborative Research Center 799. Coupled numerical simulations of the hot infiltration process at the pore scale are presented in the paper. The results of the simulations are analysed in order to study similarities and differences between heat and fluid flow phenomena during the infiltration of the foam ceramics. Among others, temperature distributions in the liquid steel and the ceramics are evaluated for typical casting conditions in a laboratory‐scale experiment.