bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating automated machine learning platforms for use in healthcare
Authors: Scott Ian A , De Guzman Keshia R , Falconer Nazanin , Canaris Stephen , Bonilla Oscar , McPhail Steven M , Marxen Sven , Van Garderen Aaron , Abdel-Hafez Ahmad , Barras Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To describe development and application of a checklist of criteria for selecting an automated machine learning (Auto ML) platform for use in creating clinical ML models.

Materials and Methods
Evaluation criteria for selecting an Auto ML platform suited to ML needs of a local health district were developed in 3 steps: (1) identification of key requirements, (2) a market scan, and (3) an assessment process with desired outcomes.

Results
The final checklist comprising 21 functional and 6 non-functional criteria was applied to vendor submissions in selecting a platform for creating a ML heparin dosing model as a use case.

Discussion
A team of clinicians, data scientists, and key stakeholders developed a checklist which can be adapted to ML needs of healthcare organizations, the use case providing a relevant example.

Conclusion
An evaluative checklist was developed for selecting Auto ML platforms which requires validation in larger multi-site studies.
Chondroitin sulfate liposome: clustering toward high functional efficiency
Authors: Shioiri Tatsumasa , Tsuchimoto Jun , Fukushige Kaori , Takeuchi Takao , Naito Munekazu , Watanabe Hideto , Sugiura Nobuo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a linear polysaccharide chain of alternating residues of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), modified with sulfate groups. Based on the structure, CS chains bind to bioactive molecules specifically and regulate their functions. For example, CS whose GalNAc is sulfated at the C4 position, termed CSA, and CS whose GalNAc is sulfated at both C4 and C6 positions, termed CSE, bind to a malaria protein VAR2CSA and receptor type of protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (RPTPσ), respectively, in a specific manner. Here, we modified CSA and CSE chains with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) at a reducing end, attached them to liposomes containing phospholipids and generated CSA and CSE liposomes. The CS-PE was incorporated into the liposome particles efficiently. Inhibition ELISA revealed specific interaction of CSA and CSE with recombinant VAR2CSA and RPTPσ, respectively, more efficiently than CS chains alone. Furthermore, CSE liposome was specifically incorporated into RPTPσ-expressing HEK293T cells. These results indicate CS liposome as a novel and efficient drug delivery system, especially for CS-binding molecules.
Bivalent Omicron BA.4/BA.5 BNT162b2 Vaccine in 6-Month- to &lt;12-Year-Olds
Authors: Sher Lawrence D , Boakye-Appiah Justice K , Hill Sungeen , Wasserman Emily , Xu Xia , Maldonado Yvonne , Walter Emmanuel B , Muñoz Flor M , Paulsen Grant C , Englund Janet A , Talaat Kawsar R , Barnett Elizabeth D , Kamidani Satoshi , Senders Shelly , Simões Eric A F , Belanger Kelly , Parikh Vrunda , Ma Hua , Wang Xingbin , Lu Claire , Cooper David , Koury Kenneth , Anderson Annaliesa S , Türeci Özlem , Şahin Uğur , Swanson Kena A , Gruber William C , Gurtman Alejandra , Kitchin Nicholas , Sabharwal Charu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
With the future epidemiology and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uncertain, the use of safe and effective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in pediatric populations remains important.

Methods
We report data from two open-label substudies of an ongoing phase 1/2/3 master study (NCT05543616) investigating the safety and immunogenicity of a variant-adapted bivalent COVID-19 vaccine encoding ancestral and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 spike proteins (bivalent BNT162b2). The open-label groups presented here evaluate dose 4 with bivalent BNT162b2 in 6-month- to &lt;12-year-olds who previously received three original (monovalent) BNT162b2 doses. In 6-month- to &lt;5-year-olds, primary immunogenicity objectives were to demonstrate superiority (neutralizing titer) and noninferiority (seroresponse rate) to Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and noninferiority (neutralizing titer and seroresponse rate) to SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strains in participants who received bivalent BNT162b2 dose 4 compared with a matched group who received three doses of original BNT162b2 in the pivotal pediatric study (NCT04816643). In 5- to &lt;12-year-olds, primary immunogenicity comparisons were descriptive. Reactogenicity and safety following vaccination were evaluated.

Results
In 6-month- to &lt;5-year-olds, dose 4 with bivalent BNT162b2 met predefined immunogenicity superiority and noninferiority criteria against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral strains when compared with dose 3 of original BNT162b2. In 5- to &lt;12-year-olds, bivalent BNT162b2 induced robust Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral strain neutralizing titers comparable with dose 3 of original BNT162b2. The safety profile for dose 4 of bivalent BNT162b2 given as dose 4 was consistent with that of original BNT162b2 in 6-month- to &lt;12-year-olds. Reactogenicity events were generally mild to moderate. No adverse events led to discontinuation.

Conclusions
These safety and immunogenicity data support a favorable benefit-risk profile for a variant-adapted BNT162b2 in children &lt;12 years old.
Surgical treatment of pancreaticojejunal stenosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy: case report
Authors: Narvaez Salas David , Roldan-Vasquez Estefania , Negrete Ocampo Ricardo , Ballagan Escobar Romina , Roldan Crespo Juan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pancreaticoduodenectomy is established as the procedure of choice for malignant tumor pathologies of the head of the pancreas or ampulla, where the patient’s life prognosis is low. Complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (e.g. pancreatic fistulas, hemorrhages, or intra-abdominal collection) are well described in the literature and are generally acute. However, there is still a small risk for late complications (e.g. pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency), and due to its low incidence, there has not been a consensus on the treatment. We present the case of an 18-year-old female with recurrent bouts of acute pancreatitis as a late complication of a pancreaticoduodenectomy plus pancreatojejunal anastomosis due to a pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. The complication was managed though surgical revision consisting of dilation and stent placement in the stenosis. The patient had an adequate postoperative evolution without further complications. Despite the advances in the surgical field, pancreaticoduodenectomy represents a highly complex surgery with high morbidity and mortality rates. The late complications of this surgery are under continuous study due to its low incidence associated with low patient survival.
Medical laboratory scientist motivation to pursue graduate education
Authors: Blagg Lorraine N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Medical laboratory staffing shortages have persisted, with challenges in maintaining adequate medical laboratory professionals. The career trajectory for medical laboratory scientists beyond entry level is ambiguous, but advancement opportunities are enhanced with specialist certifications and advanced degrees.

Objective
This study explored the motivation and preferences of medical laboratory scientists in pursuing graduate medical laboratory science education based on the importance of professional development, career advancement, recognition, and employment benefits.

Methods
A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive correlational study surveyed American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification−credentialed medical laboratory scientists using an online questionnaire.

Results
The overall response rate was 2.5%, and 1247 complete surveys were analyzed. Educational preferences varied by respondent age and amount of laboratory experience. Professional development, career advancement, recognition, and employment benefits were all important motivators for seeking graduate degrees, but those who were younger and had less experience indicated they were more important.

Conclusion
This study suggests several areas of improvement for educational programs, health care organizations, and professional organizations to support the motivation of medical laboratory scientists to pursue graduate education.
Massage Therapy Utilization in the Military Health System
Authors: Rupp Tracy L , Amoako Maxwell , Johnson Kevin , Rojas Winifred , Highland Krista B 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Massage therapy is an evidence-based approach for pain management. Information regarding its utilization in the Military Health System (MHS) is lacking. The goal of this study is to evaluate massage therapy utilization patterns across the MHS to include who receives (patient characteristics and diagnoses) and provides (e.g., massage therapists) massage therapy and where (e.g., clinic type).

Materials and Methods
Medical record data of adult TRICARE Prime enrollees receiving outpatient massage therapy (Current Procedural Terminology codes: 97124 and 97140) from June 1, 2021, to May 31, 2023, were extracted from the MHS Data Repository. After identifying the index massage therapy visit, records for 6 months pre- and post-index were included. Descriptive statistics described massage therapy utilization patterns overall. Bivariate analysis compared patients who received massage therapy from massage therapists versus nonmassage therapist clinicians.

Results
Of patients who received massage therapy (n = 179,215), the median number of visits was 2 (interquartile range 1 to 4), the median age was 32 years (interquartile range 25 to 40), they were mostly assigned male (72%), White (53%), Senior Enlisted (51%), with a musculoskeletal diagnosis (90%), and recent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescription (58%). Massage therapy was primarily delivered by physical therapists (49%) in physical therapy clinics (74%). Massage therapists provided 0.2% of massage therapy. Patients who received massage therapy from massage therapists versus nonmassage therapists significantly varied across several patient and care characteristics.

Conclusions
While massage therapy codes are documented frequently, massage therapists do not commonly provide massage therapy relative to nonmassage therapist providers. Access to massage therapists may be stymied by both lack of massage therapists and need for tertiary pain management referrals to access massage therapist-delivered care. Future research will leverage a health equity framework to (1) evaluate accessibility to massage therapy provided by massage therapists and (2) evaluate real-world evidence of massage therapy effectiveness.
Critical cis-parameters influence STructure assisted RNA translation (START) initiation on non-AUG codons in eukaryotes
Authors: Tidu Antonin , Alghoul Fatima , Despons Laurence , Eriani Gilbert , Martin Franck 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In eukaryotes, translation initiation is a highly regulated process, which combines cis-regulatory sequences located on the messenger RNA along with trans-acting factors like eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF). One critical step of translation initiation is the start codon recognition by the scanning 43S particle, which leads to ribosome assembly and protein synthesis. In this study, we investigated the involvement of secondary structures downstream the initiation codon in the so-called START (STructure-Assisted RNA translation) mechanism on AUG and non-AUG translation initiation. The results demonstrate that downstream secondary structures can efficiently promote non-AUG translation initiation if they are sufficiently stable to stall a scanning 43S particle and if they are located at an optimal distance from non-AUG codons to stabilize the codon-anticodon base pairing in the P site. The required stability of the downstream structure for efficient translation initiation varies in distinct cell types. We extended this study to genome-wide analysis of functionally characterized alternative translation initiation sites in Homo sapiens. This analysis revealed that about 25% of these sites have an optimally located downstream secondary structure of adequate stability which could elicit START, regardless of the start codon. We validated the impact of these structures on translation initiation for several selected uORFs.
Armed Federalism, Gun Markets, and the Right to Bear Arms in the United States
Authors: Obert Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article argues that fragmented and varied regulatory, cultural, and electoral responses to guns and gun rights in the contemporary United States are a result of two long-standing features of American political life––its tradition of armed federalism and its unique, domestically oriented market for small firearms. As a result of the intersection of these two phenomena, the past 150 years have seen the growth of a fragmentary regulatory response to firearms on the part of local, state, and federal jurisdictions; the emergence of an organized national gun-rights movement; and, most significantly, the ascendance of a legal strategy by supporters of gun-rights constitutionalism. Only by examining the historical contingencies of American political institutions and markets does the contested transformation of a “right to bear arms” into gun rights make sense.
Job Applications and Labour Market Flows
Authors: Birinci Serdar , See Kurt , Wee Shu Lin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Job applications have risen over time, yet job-finding rates remain unchanged. Meanwhile, separations have declined. We argue that increased applications raise the probability of a good match rather than the probability of job-finding. Using a search model with multiple applications and costly information, we show that when applications increase, firms invest in identifying good matches, reducing separations. Concurrently, increased congestion and selectivity over which offer to accept temper increases in job-finding rates. Our framework contains testable implications for changes in offers, acceptances, reservation wages, applicants per vacancy, and tenure, objects that enable it to generate the trends in unemployment flows.
Analysis of heaping-induced decline in olive quality: insights from integrated analysis between phenotypic traits and gene expression profiles
Authors: Wang Chenhe , Cui Qizhen , Liu Qingqing , Fan Yutong , Li Qiaohua , Zhao Min , Zhao Liangmei , Zhang Jianguo , Rao Guodong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Heaping is an unavoidable process before olive milling, and its duration significantly affects the olive quality. However, there is limited research on the quality changes of olive fruits on a short-time scale. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying postharvest deterioration of olives, this study piled olives at room temperature and extracted oil at 0, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h to analyze oil quality parameters. Gas/Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/LC–MS) techniques were employed to investigate variations in metabolite contents. Concurrently, the transcriptional profiles of olives during heaping were examined. As piling time progressed, quality indicators declined, and stored fruit were categorized into three groups based on their quality characters: ‘0 h’ belongs to the first category, ‘8 h’ and ‘24 h’ to the second category, and ‘48 h’ and ‘72 h’ to the third category. Metabolite changes were consistent with the expression patterns of genes related to their synthesis pathways. Additionally, ethylene was identified as a crucial factor influencing fruit senescence. These findings establish a foundation for further research on olive deterioration after harvesting and offer insights for optimizing olive oil production.
Combination Foam and Liquid Sclerotherapy for Lower Extremity Reticular and Telangiectatic Veins: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Verma Kritin K. , Friedmann Daniel P. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Lower extremity reticular and telangiectatic veins are of common cosmetic concern.

OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively evaluate results of lower extremity sclerotherapy using a combination of foam and liquid sclerosing agents.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review of sclerotherapy patients at a dermatology practice (January 2014 to April 2023) was performed.

RESULTS
Eight hundred and nine patients (775 women and 34 men) with a mean age of 49.6 ± 12.2 (18–84) years underwent a mean 1.4 ± 0.7 (1–7) sessions. Multiple different sclerosing agents were used, with 0.2% sodium tetradecyl sulfate foam/liquid predominating, although 72% glycerin liquid and 0.25% to 0.5% polidocanol foam/liquid were also used. Coagula occurred in 61.0% of patients at 2 weeks and 6.4% at 3 months, whereas postsclerotherapy hyperpigmentation was seen in 5.0% and 19.1% of patients at the same time points. Both were more common after first-round treatment, each with a trend toward decreased frequency with increasing session number. Telangiectatic matting was found in 2.3% of 3-month follow-up patients. Edema, superficial venous thrombophlebitis, migraines, and ulceration were rarely seen. Significant clinical improvement was noted in 72.0% of treatments.

CONCLUSION
This retrospective chart review, the largest to date of its kind, confirms the safety and efficacy of cosmetic lower extremity sclerotherapy with a combination of foam and liquid sclerosing agents.
A Retrospective Study Evaluating Neonatal Vancomycin Loading Doses to Achieve a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Fataar Aaqilah , Pillay-Fuentes Lorente Veshni , Decloedt Eric H. , van Eck Andrew , Reddy Kessendri , Dramowski Angela , Bekker Adrie 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that has been used to treat hospital-acquired gram-positive infections for more than 5 decades. However, the literature is divided regarding the therapeutic advantages of vancomycin loading doses in neonates.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of vancomycin loading doses on therapeutic target attainment in neonates with sepsis.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the vancomycin target attainment (area under the curve 0–24 hours/minimum inhibitory concentration ≥400) in neonates before and after the 2019 change in vancomycin prescription guidelines at a neonatal unit in Cape Town, South Africa. As the standard of care, Bayesian modelling software was used to compute the area under the curve from the trough concentrations.

Results:
Two hundred ten neonates were included. Multivariate regression analysis showed a 2-fold increase in the odds of target attainment among neonates receiving a loading dose of vancomycin. Early target attainment (within 8–12 hours of treatment initiation) was significantly higher in the loading dose group compared with the no loading dose group [97/105 (92.4%) versus 64/105 (61.0%); P < 0.001]. However, the overall proportion of neonates achieving target attainment at 24 hours was similar between groups [73/105 (69.5%) in the loading dose group versus 62/105 (59.0%) in the no loading dose group; P = 0.110]. The nephrotoxicity rates were low [2/105 (1.9%) in the loading dose group and 2/105 (1.9%) in the no loading dose group].

Conclusions:
The addition of a vancomycin loading dose to neonates may facilitate early therapeutic target attainment.
JOLT: A Noninvasive Solution for the Correction of the Jowl
Authors: Rosengaus Frank , Sicilia Nathania Cardenas 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Sagging and loss of elasticity of the facial skin and tissues leads to jowling and an aged appearance. Jowling is a common reason for aesthetic surgical consultations.

Methods:
Prospective open-label study of the JOLT (jowl lifting) technique using hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in healthy women 40–65 years of age with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes II–IV (n = 8). To be eligible, patients had jowling grade 2–3 on the jowl appearance scale as assessed by both the physician and patient. Treatment was administered at the baseline visit and consisted of an average of 6 mL of HA filler, 3 mL per side. Efficacy was assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 12. Assessment measures included the jawline rating scale (JRS) and a five-point global aesthetic improvement scale performed by two independent observers. Success was defined as an improvement of 1–2 grades on JRS.

Results:
The mean JRS was improved from 2.75 at baseline to 1.53 at 90 days, which was considered a significant improvement. Mean global aesthetic improvement scale scores at 90 days were 1.44 ± 0.66 (range 1–3), indicating a “very much improved” appearance compared with baseline on both investigator and subject ratings. The procedure was well tolerated by all patients. Injection-related side effects (bruising and localized swelling) resolved spontaneously within 1 week of treatment. No other adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:
The JOLT technique effectively uses HA fillers to lift and tighten the lower face/neck and camouflage the remaining jowl, diminishing marionette lines, defining the mandibular border, and improving jowl sagging.
Bile metabolic fingerprints distinguish biliary tract cancer from benign biliary diseases
Authors: Yang Shouzhi , Fu Jing , Qin Wenhao , Wang Ruimin , Gu Mingye , Huang Yida , Liu Wanshan , Su Haiyang , Xu Xiaoyu , Chen Wei , Yiming Ayizekeranmu , Hu Bing , Huang Lin , Qian Kun , Wang Hongyang 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:
Biliary tract cancers are aggressive gastrointestinal malignancies characterized by a dismal 5-year overall survival rate <20%. Current diagnostic modalities suffer from limitations regarding sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to develop a bile metabolite–based platform for precise discrimination between malignant and benign biliary diseases.

Approach and Results:
Samples were collected from 336 patients with biliary tract cancer or benign biliary diseases across 3 independent cohorts. Untargeted metabolic fingerprinting was performed on 300 bile samples using novel nanoparticle-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Subsequently, a diagnostic assay was developed based on the exploratory cohort using a selected bile metabolic biomarker panel, with performance evaluated in the validation cohort. Further external validation of disease-specific metabolites from bile samples was conducted in a prospective cohort (n = 36) using quantitative analysis. As a result, we established a novel bile-based assay, BileMet, for the rapid and precise detection of malignancies in the biliary tract system with an AUC of 0.891. We identified 6-metabolite biomarker candidates and discovered the critical role of the chenodeoxycholic acid glycine conjugate as a protective metabolite associated with biliary tract cancer.

Conclusions:
Our findings confirmed the improved diagnostic capabilities of BileMet assay in a clinical setting. If applied, the BileMet assay enables intraoperative testing and fast medical decision-making for cases with suspected malignancy where brush cytology detection fails to support malignancy, ultimately reducing the economic burden by over 90%.