bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_178A: Clinico-epidemiological profile of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients in tertiary care hospitals of Mangalore
Authors: Pattnaik Anshuman , Mithra Prasanna , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh , Tyagi Prakshi , Tripathi Kriti , Prasad Meghna Rai , Wahid Abdul Hassan , Astha  
Published: April 2024

Background:
Global health agencies have recognized the rising threat of non-communicable disease (NCD) as a major contributor to preventable disease and premature mortality in low- and middle-income countries. This study was done to study the Clinico-epidemiological and socio-demographic profile of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients admitted in the selected tertiary care hospitals of Mangalore.

Methodology:
This record-based retrospective study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. The records of all the ACS patients who were admitted to the hospitals during the study period were included in the study

Results:
There was a total of 646 patients, who were admitted with signs and symptoms of ACS to the study hospitals. Among them, 72% were from Dakshina Kannada District and 41.5% (n=258) were residents of Mangalore. Overall, the highest proportion (90.7%) of subjects was in the 41-80 years of age group and 80% of the study population was consuming a predominantly non-vegetarian diet, among both genders. Among the females, 84% were semiskilled workers and half of the male subjects were Professionals. The most common presenting clinical feature among the ACS patients was chest pain (81.4%), both among males (82.2%) and females (80%).

Conclusion:
The majority of the ACS patients admitted to the study hospitals were residents of the same District. The levels of ACS were higher among males, those with Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension. The majority of the ACS patients were non-vegetarians. Also, the increasing age had a higher proportion of ACS.
IJCM_179A: Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among M.B.B.S students.
Authors: Nigam Manas , Verma Prashant , Gupta Preeti 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in India. Medical students are vulnerable to overweight and obesity because of the sedentary lifestyle which is frequently adopted due to massive work burden, erratic food timings and exposure to stressful situations. Obesity is a well known risk factor for diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver disease, gall stones and osteoarthritis. Hence, this study is taken up to assess prevalence of overweight and obesity among M.B.B.S students.

Objective:
To assess prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors among M.B.B.S students in N.S.C.B Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.

Methodology:
A descriptive cross - sectional study is conducted among medical students of N.S.C.B Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Socio demographic details are recorded using structured proforma. Anthropometric and clinical parameters are measured using standard techniques. The data will be analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical analysis will be done by using appropriate statistical test.

Results:
Out of 310 medical students 61% (189) were males and 39% (121) were females. Prevalence of overweight and obesity according to WHO classification of BMI, was 14.33% and 3.34% respectively and according to Asia Pacific classification, it was 9.7 % and 17.66 % respectively. Significant association was found between overweight/obesity and eating junk food and carbonated drinks (p<0.05) and habit of munching between meals (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 14.33% and 3.34% respectively among medical students of NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, MP.
IJCM_182A: Behavioural risk factors among under graduate medical students in North Kerala
Authors: Smitha M , Jayakrishnan T , Sruthikrishna P , Lakshmanan Anjali , Mohandas Bindu 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The World Health Organisation highlights that 60% of the morbidity and mortality from non communicable diseases are linked to lifestyle behavioural patterns .Primary risk factors include high fat and low fibre diet, lack of exercise, prolonged screen time, insufficient sleep, and the adoption of new habit and addictions. Since medical students are particularly prone to these risk factors, it is crucial to evaluate their lifestyle behaviours, recognising their role as future healthcare providers

Objectives:
1. To assess anthropometric risk factors among the study population. 2. To assess the behavioural risk factors among the study population.

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was undertaken involving 150 undergraduate medical students in a private medical student in a private medical college. Data was collected through self administered questionnaire containing demographic details of the students, life style factors like diet, physical activity, screen time, habits and addictions. Data collected was entered into excel and analysed using SPSS 25.

Results:
Mean age of the study population was 22.3 (±1.5) years. Majority of the study participants were females (72.2%). Out of150 participants, 94.4% adhere to a non-vegetarian diet in which 15% reported daily consumption of soft drinks and 29% consume junk food daily. The participants who were overweight was found to be 33.4% in which 38.8% of the subjects are physically inactive and 22.2% reported inadequate sleep. Around 60 % of the participants use mobile phone most of the time.

Conclusion:
Behavioural risk factors such as unhealthy diet, inadequate sleep pattern, physical inactivity were prevalent among the undergraduate medical students.
IJCM_183A: Assessment of treatment adherence among type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Akashnath R , Priya S , Muthuraman Kannan 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem in India affecting around 77 million people above the age of 18 years. Poor adherence to medication regimen increases the probability of micro and macrovascular complications among them thereby increasing the mortality and morbidity. Therefore, assessing adherence is the need of the hour to tide over this crisis and hence present study was conducted

Objectives: :
1. To assess the prevalence of treatment adherence among Type 2 DM patients >18years attending tertiary care hospital, Madurai 2. To identify the factors associated with treatment adherence among the study population

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 208 adult Type 2 DM patients with minimum duration of 6 months attending tertiary care hospital in Madurai during October 2023 by consecutive sampling. Sample size was calculated based on a study in Delhi in 2019. After obtaining informed consent, patients were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic details and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), a standard, validated questionnaire to assess treatment adherence. Data was analysed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 53±10.92 years and majority of them were males (54.8%). 50.5% received primary education and 38.9% belonged to class III Socio-Economic Status (SES). More than half (66.8%) had duration of diabetes between 6months to 3.5 years. 58.2% had good adherence while 29.8% and 12% had moderate and poor adherence respectively. Statistically significant association was not found between adherence and age, gender, SES and duration of diabetes except for the level of education (p value: 0.002). Factors associated with poor adherence were forgetfulness (92%) and being busy (64%).

Conclusion:
Sustained IEC activities are needed at all levels of health care to further improve the treatment adherence and also addressing the reasons for non-adherence
IJCM_184A: A Study on Impact of Addiction to Social Networking Sites on Psychological Well Being of Undergraduate Medical Students of GMC, Siddipet
Authors: Neerudu Sreenivas , Bhavani Santhoshi K , Snehika  
Published: April 2024

Background:
India is the third largest country to use social networking sites. A social networking site is a website where a user can create a profile and build a personal network that connects him/her to other users. Social networking sites are increasingly affecting the psychological health of teenagers and young adults and so found that addiction to online social networking sites has several psychiatric disorders, including depressive symptoms, anxiety, and low self-esteem.

Objectives:
To find out the addiction to social networking sites and assess the psychological well-being of undergraduate medical students of GMC, Siddipet

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study is being conducted in the Government medical college, Siddipet for two months among undergraduate medical students by universal sampling. The self-administered, pre-validated questionnaire, using Ryff’s scale and Bergan scale, for psychological well- being and social networking site addiction respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done in SPSS using appropriate statistical analysis.

Results:
A total of 806 students of various years of MBBS participated in the study, Males were 301 and females were 505 Among them, out of the total 806 students studied, the psychological well-being was found to be low in 6(0.74%) and moderate in 597(74.07%). In the present study, out of the total 806 medical students studied, 148(18.36%) were found to have social networking site addiction, out of which males were 52(35.13%) and females were 96(64.86%). Out of 148 medical students who were found to have social networking site addiction, psychological well-being was found to be low in 4(2.70%) and moderate in 111(75%) and the p value was found to be statistically significant at 0.007. When the psychological well-being was compared in students between those who had social networking site addiction and those who didn’t had social networking site addiction, psychological well-being was comparatively less (0.74% vs 2.70% in Low psychological well-being and (75% vs 74.07%) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p value = 0.007).

Conclusion:
A significant percentage of medical students (18.36%) were found to have addiction to social networking sites in our study because of the widespread availability of gadgets. Psychological well-being was found to be comparatively less in students who had social networking site addiction compared to those who didn’t had the addiction.
IJCM_185A: Prevalence and Predictors of hypertension among adult population of rural health training center of a medical college in central karnataka- A Cross Sectional study
Authors: Hebballi Pooja B , Aurupa MS , Nitin SG 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cardiovascular Diseases [CVDs] are the most common cause of death globally. Among the risk factors for CVDs, hypertension (HTN) is associated with the strongest evidence of causation. In India, only 12% people with HTN have their Blood Pressure under control. The Knowledge about HTN and risk factors plays a major role in its prevention and management. With limited studies in rural India about the same, this study was conducted.

Objectives:
1] To estimate the prevalence of hypertension in the study area 2] To determine the risk factors for hypertension among hypertensives of study area 3] To assess knowledge about hypertension among the hypertensives of study area.

Methodology:
A Survey on screening for Hypertension was conducted in rural health training center Avargolla village of Davangere district, Karnataka. A Community based cross sectional study was conducted among hypertensive adult population aged 30yrs and above through Universal sampling technique. Data was collected by in-person interview using questionnaire on risk factors, knowledge about the causation, consequence and prevention of the disease and by physical measurements of BMI and Waist to Hip ration. Data was analysed using of SPSS software.

Results:
Majority of the study participants were females 75%. More than 55% had no family history of hypertension. Out of 90% who were on treatment, less than 77% were on regular medications. Diabetes was the most common associated co-morbidity seen. 86% of the study population consumed less than 5 servings of fruits & vegetables per day and <600METS of physical activity. Majority of them reported as high salt intake and stress to be major causative factor.

Conclusion:
Healthy weight and good knowledge on HTN play a major role in the management of disease. Most of the participants had no family history of disease signifying the first generational onset of the disease.
IJCM_186A: A cross sectional study to assess the prevalence of usage of online health apps and sleep quality among general population residing in Rajnandgaon city.
Authors: Vaishnav Shivangi , Verma Nirmal , Jaiswal Prashant 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The purpose of this study is to examine and determine the design and content elements of health app that facilitate usage from user perception.

Objectives:
The object of the study is to find out the perception and usage of health app and the quality of sleep among general population.

Methodology:
A study conducted in Rajnandgaon with a mixture of smartphone owner of various socio-economic status. The participant was asked about their general and health specific mobile app usage and their sleep cycle.

Results:
87.9% of the study participant were Smartphone user, out of which 48.6 % uses mobile health app to improve their health and out of which 51.4% would like to receive information about a healthy lifestyle in their smartphone.60% of smartphone user were male, 97.7% were Hindu and 71.1% were married. Among all user 97.2% were from class III and above.

Conclusion:
The regular use of medical apps on mobile devices is quite common among general population residing in Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India. The increasing usage of medical apps on smart devices is an established reality. The present study reveals that majority of population were aware of the Health apps. Many of them were willing to continue using it as it motivates them to do their physical activity regularly.
IJCM_187A: Prevalence and risk factors of childhood obesity among school-going children in a metropolitan city of india.
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Qureshi Kamran , Qureshi Saniya 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Childhood obesity is a grave public health concern in the 21st century. It is becoming a widespread problem in low and middle-income countries, particularly in urban areas. Childhood obesity is a precursor to metabolic syndrome, poor physical health, mental disorders, respiratory problems, and glucose intolerance, which can all continue into adulthood. Developing countries like India face a unique problem of a ‘double burden’, where undernutrition and obesity co-exist.

Objectives:
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight/ obesity among school-going children and to identify the modifiable risk factors associated with it.

Methodology:
An epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted in a private school located in the Western suburbs of Mumbai. The study included all students from the 1st to 10th standard of the secondary section, who were willing to participate. Before the study, necessary permissions were obtained from the school authorities and parental consent was taken. The study was conducted over 4 days in October 2023. Data was collected through interviews using a pre-structured questionnaire. The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
Among 521 participants, the Prevalence of Overweight is 14.77% and Obesity is 6.71% in our study. Statistical significance was found between BMI and Smartphone usage, BMI and Occupation of Mother.

Conclusion:
Dietary factors have always been associated with overweight & obesity however our study reveals that other factors also play a pivotal role in development of obesity which is an important risk factor for Non- Communicable Diseases further in adulthood.
IJCM_188A: Exploring Factors Influencing Medication Non-Adherence Among Urban Residents with Non-Communicable Diseases in Chengalpattu District: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yuvashree T. , Venkatesan Murugan 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Medication non-adherence is a modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). WHO estimated the average rate of medication adherence to be around 50% in developed countries and to be lower in the developing countries.

Objectives:
To find the factors influencing medication non-adherence among patients diagnosed with NCDs in the urban areas.

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 patients visiting Urban Health Training Centre, MAPIMS. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, self-care practices, access to health care and family support to medication adherence. The outcome of the study was medication adherence measured using the eight-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8).

Results:
Among the 200 participants with one or more non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the result found the prevalence of poor medication adherence rate to be 53.5%. Poor medication adherence was more prevalent in the older age group (39%, n=78), female patients (57.5%, n=115), with primary education (49.5%, n=99), unemployed individuals (58.5%, n=117), those without regular physical activities (63.5%, n=127) and classified as obese (43%, n=86).

Conclusion:
The study concluded that the prevalence of poor medication adherence was more common among NCD patients and the need to develop effective strategies to enhance medication adherence according to patient’s requirements through a holistic approach, by strengthening the primary health care system to achieve better health outcomes.
IJCM_189A: Prevalence of Substance use and associated factors among Undergraduate Medical students in a medical school in Jammu City of UT of J&K
Authors: Manhas Sakshi , Gupta Rajiv Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Globally, the available literature indicates a disturbing and increasing trend of high levels of alcohol use, illicit drug use and misuse of prescription psychoactive drugs among the medical students. This interferes with the learning of medical students because of the cognitive and psychological impact the substance use can have on an individual and is also a cause of concern because of the direct negative impact substance use can have on the safety of patients, not to mention the conduct and efficiency of future doctors.

Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of substance use and the association of various socio-demographic factors associated with substance use among Undergraduate Medical students.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 482 Undergraduate Medical students pursuing M.B.B.S. at GMC Jammu from September to mid-November 2023. First of all the socio-demographic data was collected, followed by an assessment of substance use. It was done using the WHO ASSIST questionnaire, which was distributed to the participants in electronic format (Google form). The participants were instructed to read and answer each question honestly and to the best of their knowledge. Proportions with 95% Confidence Interval were used to summarize the substance use.

Results:
A total of 482 Medical undergraduates participated in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 20 years (± 1.34). The substance with the most prevalent use was alcohol (12.2%). Tobacco, sedatives and cannabis consumption was reported to be 6%, 1.9% and 1.5% respectively among the respondents.

Conclusion:
Despite being aware of the potential hazards, medical students continue substance abuse, which is indicative of a lack of awareness about one’s health as well as increased peer and academic pressure and a lack of parental supervision. Proper counselling with well-planned policies should be implemented to address the evil of substance abuse among aspiring doctors.
IJCM_190A: A cross sectional study to find out risk factors for non-communicable diseases among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh.
Authors: Chhediaha Vibha , Verma Nirmal , Jaiswal Prashant 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In India, due to high rates of urbanization and economic improvement, there is a shift in disease spectrum from communicable to non-communicable diseases. In a study made by khan etal 2015 at Bilapsur, Chhattisgarh prevalence of stroke was 67.6% due to infarct and 32.4 % had hemorrhage (ICH). The percentages of young stroke (< 45 yrs) were 12.5% (n=35). About 7.1% (n=20) and 5.3% (n=15) in males and females respectively. Thus, early detection will reduce the burden and cost of diseases in the family, community and on the nation.

Objectives:
A cross sectional study to find out risk factors for non- communicable diseases among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh.

Methodology:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Raipur City of Chhattisgarh state during the month October 23-January 2024. A pre-designed, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Systematic Random sampling technique was adopted to select the 350 Study participants.

Results:
The majority of subjects were between the ages of 30 and 40. Females constituted 55.3% of the subjects, while males accounted for 44.7%. Additionally, 45.6% of participants had completed primary schooling. Preobesity was observed in 58.8% of males and 51.7% of females.84.7% of study subjects were not engaging in physical activity, 89.1% were consuming an unhealthy diet, 97.6% were using tobacco, and 94.5% were consuming alcohol, all of which contributed to a raised BMI. There is a significant association between tobacco and alcohol use with BMI, where p-values are 0.001 and 0.005, respectively, which is <0.005 and df is 01 for both.

Conclusion:
As per this study, Pre-obese were found in 58.8% of males and 51.7% of females Awareness regarding healthy behavioral pattern and healthy diet should be inculcated in population through various awareness activity like mass media camping and increase taxes on unhealthy food items.