bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BI-MAGIC AND OTHER GENERALIZATIONS OF SUPER EDGE-MAGIC LABELINGS
Authors: LÓPEZ S. C. , MUNTANER-BATLE F. A. , RIUS-FONT M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we use the product ⊗hin order to study super edge-magic labelings, bi-magic labelings and optimalk-equitable labelings. We establish, with the help of the product ⊗h, new relations between super edge-magic labelings and optimalk-equitable labelings and between super edge-magic labelings and edge bi-magic labelings. We also introduce new families of graphs that are inspired by the family of generalized Petersen graphs. The concepts of super bi-magic andr-magic labelings are also introduced and discussed, and open problems are proposed for future research.
Baire's category in existence problems for non-convex lower semicontinuous evolution differential inclusions
Authors: De Blasi F.S. , Pianigiani G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe existence of mild solutions to the non-convex Cauchy problemis investigated. Here A is the infinitesimal generator of a C0-semigroup in a reflexive and separable Banach space $\mathbb{E}$, F is a Pompeiu–Hausdorff lower semicontinuous multifunction whose values are closed convex and bounded sets with non-empty interior contained in $\mathbb{E}$, and ∂F(t, x(t)) denotes the boundary of F(t, x(t)). Our approach is based on the Baire category method, with appropriate modifications which are actually necessary because, under our assumptions, the underlying metric space that naturally enters in the Baire method, i.e. the solution set of the convexified Cauchy problem (CF), can fail to be a complete metric space.
Identification of the environmental factors which drive the botanical and functional composition of permanent grasslands
Authors: MICHAUD A. , PLANTUREUX S. , AMIAUD B. , CARRÈRE P. , CRUZ P. , DURU M. , DURY B. , FARRUGGIA A. , FIORELLI J. L. , KERNEIS E. , BAUMONT R. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYManaged grasslands provide environmental and agronomic services that can be predicted from the botanical and functional composition of the vegetation. These are influenced by management, edaphic and climatic factors. The present report set out to estimate and analyse the relative importance of management, soil and climate factors on botanical and functional characteristics of grassland vegetation. A set of 178 French grasslands having a large pedoclimatic and management gradient was selected, and information collected on botanical composition, pedoclimatic factors and management. Six vegetation characteristics were considered: two botanical (floristic composition and species dominance) and four functional (proportion of entomophilous species, number of oligotrophic species, leaf dry matter content and date of flowering). First, the links between the characteristics of the vegetation were analysed to check for any redundancy among them; all were kept. Second, it was demonstrated that botanical and functional characteristics were not driven by the same factors: functional composition was characterized by management, edaphic and climatic factors, whereas botanical composition was influenced mainly by climatic and edaphic factors plus other factors. Interactions between factors also have to be taken into consideration to predict botanical and functional composition of grasslands. Functional and botanical characteristics of vegetation help to predict ecosystem services delivered by grasslands and may be used in combination.
Effect of antioxidants on the clinical outcome of patients with nasal polyposis
Authors: Sagit M , Erdamar H , Saka C , Yalcin S , Akin I 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:To investigate the therapeutic effects of antioxidants on the clinical and biochemical outcome of patients with nasal polyposis.Methods:Thirty-four patients with nasal polyposis were divided into two groups receiving either intranasal steroid or intranasal steroid plus per-oral vitamins A, C and E and selenium. Paranasal sinus computed tomography, endoscopy, and polyp tissue and serum sampling were conducted pre- and post-therapy. Serum levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, nitrite and myeloperoxidase and tissue levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were measured. Group results were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results:Both groups had significantly lower tissue parameters, computed tomography scores and serum malondialdehyde levels, comparing pre- versus post-treatment results. Post-treatment, the steroid plus antioxidant group had significantly lower tissue malondialdehyde levels and a greater fall in tissue and serum malondialdehyde, compared with the steroid group.Conclusion:Serum and tissue levels of malondialdehyde (an oxidative marker) were significantly decreased by adding antioxidants to standard therapy. This is the first report of the positive effects of adding antioxidants to steroid therapy for nasal polyposis.
Self-rating scales assessing subjective well-being and distress correlate with rCBF in PTSD-sensitive regions
Authors: Nardo D. , Högberg G. , Flumeri F. , Jacobsson H. , Larsson S. A. , Hällström T. , Pagani M. 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in occupational-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subjects and to seek possible correlations between brain perfusion and self-rating scales (SRS) in order to cross-check their diagnostic value and to look for their neural correlates.MethodA total of 13 traumatized underground and long-distance train drivers developing (S) and 17 not developing (NS) PTSD who had experienced a ‘person under train’ accident or who had been assaulted at work underwent clinical assessment and99mTc-HMPAO SPECT imaging during autobiographical trauma scripts. Statistical parametric mapping was applied to analyse rCBF changes in S as compared with NS and to search for correlations between rCBF and the administered SRS scores, modelling age, months to SPECT and the ratio ‘grey matter/intra-cranial volume’ as nuisance variables.ResultsSignificantly higher activity was observed during trauma script in left posterior and anterior insula, posterior cingulate, inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, caudate and putamen in PTSD subjects as compared with the trauma-exposed control group. Impact of Event Scale and World Health Organisation (10) Well-Being Index scores highly correlated with tracer uptake to a great extent in the same regions in which rCBF differences between S and NS were found.ConclusionsThese findings support the involvement of insular, cingulate and parietal cortices (as well as the basal ganglia) in the pathogenesis of PTSD and in the processing of related subjective well-being and distress.
The Mycenaeans in Italy: a minimalist position
Authors: Blake Emma 
Published: June 2011

Gli ultimi cinque decenni hanno visto un forte incremento del numero dei siti che in Italia hanno restituito frammenti di ceramica micenea. L'elevata presenza attribuita ai Micenei ha incoraggiato la teoria che furono loro ad innescare gli sviluppi sociali sperimentati in Italia alla fine dell'età del Bronzo. Concentrandosi sull'evidenza ceramica, questo contributo assume una posizione minimalista, sostenendo che le relazioni tra i Micenei e le genti d'Italia erano infrequenti, di piccola scala e avevano, al massimo, un impatto circoscritto in aree limitate. Comunque, esiste una marcata variabilità nella distribuzione della ceramica micenea in Italia, sia geografica sia cronologica, con nessuna chiara coerenza nelle azioni e risposte micenee e italiche.L'evidenza suggerisce che i Micenei non trassero molto giovamento dalle visite, che per questo divennero meno frequenti. In aggiunta i Micenei non ebbero la capacità di fare più che commerci di oggetti e prodotti con l'Italia, e così ebbero scarsa influenza su altri settori della vita.
The responsibility to protect – much ado about nothing?
Authors: REINOLD THERESA 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDespite its newness, the concept of the responsibility to protect (R2P) looks back at a stellar career. It has been the subject of numerous conferences and academic publications and has been affirmed by the major UN bodies. Indeed, if one were to assess the development of an international norm by the amount of academic attention and general rhetorical support it enjoys, one could be inclined to believe that the responsibility to protect is rapidly evolving into a norm of customary international law.This article subjects the R2P hype to critical scrutiny and asks probing questions about R2P's viability as a norm. Beneath the thin veneer of rhetorical acceptance of R2P lies a range of hotly disputed issues – in particular but not exclusively regarding the concept's implications for the use of force – which are unlikely to be resolved in the near future. In this article I examine R2P's potential to ‘ripen’ into an international norm. I argue that in the absence of an intersubjective consensus about what R2P actuallymeans, the concept's chances to ‘harden’ into a norm of customary international law are remote. I posit that R2P cannot be considered a ‘new norm’ or an ‘emerging norm’ as it is frequently called, because the vast majority of states simply does not want to be legally bound to save strangers in remote regions of the world.
Global justice, national responsibility and transnational power
Authors: OWEN DAVID 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article focuses on David Miller's recent and influential studyNational Responsibility and Global Justice(2007). After outlining Miller's methodological commitments in the book, the article offers an interpretation of the major aspects of Miller's case against ‘Cosmopolitan egalitarianism’ before focusing especially on the issue of migration and refugees. Here the article argues that while membership of a nation is (under certain conditions) of intrinsic value, it is not the only thing that is of intrinsic value – friendship, family and other practices can also be sources of intrinsic value – nor is it necessarily the most important. It is therefore not clear, the article argues, why an account of global justice that seeks to take seriously the existence of national communities on the grounds of their intrinsic value, should propose rules of justice concerning freedom of movement that entail thede jureprivileging of the value of national community over other sources of intrinsic value. The article concludes by assessing how Miller's arguments can support the movement from mere ‘distributivism’ towards political justice, towards an account that more adequately integrates agency, responsibility and power into our account of global justice.
Individual differences in pronoun reversal: Evidence from two longitudinal case studies
Authors: EVANS KAREN E. , DEMUTH KATHERINE 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTPronoun reversal, the use of you for self-reference and I for an addressee, has often been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and impaired language. However, recent case studies have shown the phenomenon also to occur in typically developing and even precocious talkers. This study examines longitudinal corpus data from two children, a typically developing girl, and a boy with Asperger's syndrome. Both were precocious talkers who reversed the majority of their personal pronouns for several months. A comparison of the children's behaviors revealed quantitative and qualitative differences in pronoun use: the girl showed ‘semantic confusion’, using second person pronouns for self-reference, whereas the boy showed a discourse–pragmatic deficit related to perspective-taking. The results suggest that there are multiple mechanisms underlying pronoun reversal and provide qualified support for both the Name/Person Hypothesis (Clark, 1978; Charney, 1980b) and the Plurifunctional Pronoun Hypothesis (Chiat, 1982).
WHAT IS THE HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL INFINITESIMAL GROUPOID OF A MANIFOLD?
Authors: BORISOV DENNIS 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe construction (by Kapranov) of the space of infinitesimal paths on a manifold is extended to include higher-dimensional infinitesimal objects, encoding contractions of infinitesimal loops. This full infinitesimal groupoid is shown to have the algebra of polyvector fields as its nonlinear cohomology.
A live vaccine from Brucella abortus strain 82 for control of cattle brucellosis in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ivanov Arkady V. , Salmakov Konstantin M. , Olsen Steven C. , Plumb Glenn E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDuring the first half of the twentieth century, widespread regulatory efforts to control cattle brucellosis due to Brucella abortus in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were essentially non-existent, and control was limited to selective test and slaughter of serologic agglutination reactors. By the 1950s, 2–3 million cattle were being vaccinated annually with the strain 19 vaccine, but because this vaccine induced strong, long-term titers on agglutination tests that interfered with identification of cattle infected with field strains of B. abortus, its use in cattle was discontinued in 1970. Soviet scientists then began a comprehensive program of research to identify vaccines with high immunogenicity, weak responses on agglutination tests and low pathogenicity in humans, as a foundation for widespread control of cattle brucellosis. While several new vaccines that induced weak or no responses on serologic agglutination tests were identified by experiments in guinea pigs and cattle, a large body of experimental and field studies suggested that the smooth–rough strain SR82 vaccine combined the desired weak agglutination test responses with comparatively higher efficacy against brucellosis. In 1974, prior to widespread use of strain SR82 vaccine, over 5300 cattle farms across the Russian Federation were known to be infected with B. abortus. By January 2008, only 68 cattle farms in 18 regions were known to be infected with B. abortus, and strain SR82 continues to be the most widely and successfully used vaccine in many regions of the Russian Federation.
Staphylococcus aureussmall colony variants (SCVs) and their role in disease
Authors: Atalla Heba , Gyles Carlton , Mallard Bonnie 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPersistent or difficult-to-treatStaphylococcus aureusinfections in animals and humans may be related to small colony variants (SCVs) that can hide inside host cells and modulate host defenses.S. aureusSCVs have gained much attention in human medicine but have been underestimated and overlooked in veterinary medicine. Recently, an SCV isolated from a dairy cow with a history of chronic mastitis was shown to possess similar phenotypic and transcriptomic properties to those of human SCVs. SCVs form small, colorless, non-hemolytic colonies after 48 h, are only slowly coagulase positive, fail to ferment mannitol, and can revert to the parental phenotype. The phenotype of SCVs is mostly related to alterations in hemin and/or menadione biosynthesis or to thymidine deficiency. Transcriptomic analysis of SCVs shows up-regulation of genes involved in glycolytic and arginine–deiminase pathways, capsular biosynthesis; increased sigma B activity; and down-regulation of genes for α-hemolysin, coagulase and effector molecule RNA III of the global virulence regulatorAgr. Similar results are reported at the protein level. SCVs are less virulent but successful persisters in infection models. SCVs persist longer and at higher numbers within non-phagocytes than do their parents. SCVs survive within spacious vacuoles up to 24 h within cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells, likely due to up-regulation of protective mechanisms that counteract the lethal acidic environment of the phagolysosome. Persistence of SCVs within host cells may explain failures in antimicrobial therapy and vaccinations.
Protein disulphide isomerase promoter sequence analysis of Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides and Aegilops tauschii
Authors: Dhanapal Arun Prabhu , Ciaffi Mario , Porceddu Enrico , d'Aloisio Elisa 
Published: June 2011

Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) catalyses the formation, reduction and isomerization of disulphide bonds in the newly synthesized secretory proteins. Plant PDIs have been shown to be involved in the folding and deposition of seed storage proteins, which makes this enzyme particularly interesting in wheat, as flour quality is strongly affected by composition and structure of seed storage proteins. In hexaploid wheat cultivar (AABBDD) Chinese Spring (CS), the genomic, complementary DNA and promoter sequences of the three homoeologous gene encoding PDI had been isolated and characterized in a previous study revealing high levels of sequence conservation. In this study, we report the isolation and sequencing of a ~700 bp region, comprising ~600 bp of the putative promoter region and 88 bp of the first exon of the typical PDI gene, in five accessions each from Triticum urartu (AA), Aegilops speltoides (BB) and Aegilops tauschii (DD). Sequence analysis indicated large variation among sequences belonging to the different genomes, while close similarity was found within each species and with the corresponding homoeologous PDI sequences of Triticum aestivum cv. CS (AABBDD) resulting in an overall high conservation of the regulatory motifs conferring endosperm-specific expression.
Antisense RNA polymerase II divergent transcripts are P-TEFb dependent and substrates for the RNA exosome
Authors: Flynn Ryan A. , Almada Albert E. , Zamudio Jesse R. , Sharp Phillip A. 
Published: June 2011

Divergent transcription occurs at the majority of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and this activity correlates with CpG islands. Here we report the characterization of upstream antisense transcription in regions encoding transcription start site associated RNAs (TSSa-RNAs) at four divergent CpG island promoters: Isg20l1, Tcea1, Txn1, and Sf3b1. We find that upstream antisense RNAs (uaRNAs) have distinct capped 5′ termini and heterogeneous nonpolyadenylated 3′ ends. uaRNAs are short-lived with average half-lives of 18 minutes and are present at 1–4 copies per cell, approximately one RNA per DNA template. Exosome depletion stabilizes uaRNAs. These uaRNAs are probably initiation products because their capped termini correlate with peaks of paused RNAPII. The pausing factors NELF and DSIF are associated with these antisense polymerases and their sense partners. Knockdown of either NELF or DSIF results in an increase in the levels of uaRNAs. Consistent with P-TEFb controlling release from pausing, treatment with its inhibitor, flavopiridol, decreases uaRNA and nascent mRNA transcripts with similar kinetics. Finally, Isg20l1 induction reveals equivalent increases in transcriptional activity in sense and antisense directions. Together these data show divergent polymerases are regulated after P-TEFb recruitment with uaRNA levels controlled by the exosome.
What influences European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) distribution in the eastern English Channel? Using habitat modelling and GIS to predict habitat utilization
Authors: Lauria Valentina , Vaz Sandrine , Martin Corinne S. , Mackinson Steve , Carpentier André 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Lauria, V., Vaz, S., Martin, C. S., Mackinson, S., and Carpentier, A. 2011. What influences European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) distribution in the eastern English Channel? Using habitat modelling and GIS to predict habitat utilization. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1500–1510. Conservation of fish habitat requires knowledge of how spatial distributions of species are related to environmental factors. Habitat modelling and mapping are useful in predicting species–environment relationships. Species abundance is modelled as a function of environmental parameters to understand species habitat utilization better. The influence of environmental factors on plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) distribution was investigated for two life stages and over two seasons. Generalized linear modelling and quantile regression modelling were used to relate the relative abundance of (juvenile and adult) fish to environmental predictors (seawater temperature, salinity, water column depth, bed-shear stress, and sediment type) in autumn and summer. The resulting regression parameters were used to map preferential and potential habitat distributions within a geographic information system. Models were evaluated by comparing predicted against observed abundances. Seabed sediment type was the main significant predictor of plaice preferential and potential habitats, whereas other factors did not show such a clear influence. The results contribute to a better understanding of the spatial ecology of the species.
A Single Phenylalanine Residue in the Main Intracellular Loop of α1 γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A and Glycine Receptors Influences Their Sensitivity to Propofol
Authors: Moraga-Cid Gustavo , Yevenes Gonzalo E. , Schmalzing Günther , Peoples Robert W. , Aguayo Luis G. 
Published: June 2011

Background
The intravenous anesthetic propofol acts as a positive allosteric modulator of glycine (GlyRs) and γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAARs) receptors. Although the role of transmembrane residues is recognized, little is known about the involvement of other regions in the modulatory effects of propofol. Therefore, the influence of the large intracellular loop in propofol sensitivity of both receptors was explored.

Methods
The large intracellular loop of α1 GlyRs and α1β2 GABAARs was screened using alanine replacement. Sensitivity to propofol was studied using patch-clamp recording in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with wild type or mutant receptors.

Results
Alanine mutation of a conserved phenylalanine residue within the α1 large intracellular loop significantly reduced propofol enhancement in both GlyRs (360 ± 30 vs. 75 ± 10%, mean ± SEM) and GABAARs (361 ± 49% vs. 80 ± 23%). Remarkably, propofol-hyposensitive mutant receptors retained their sensitivity to other allosteric modulators such as alcohols, etomidate, trichloroethanol, and isoflurane. At the single-channel level, the ability of propofol to increase open probability was significantly reduced in both α1 GlyR (189 ± 36 vs. 22 ± 13%) and α1β2 GABAAR (279 ± 29 vs. 29 ± 11%) mutant receptors.

Conclusion
In this study, it is demonstrated that the large intracellular loop of both GlyR and GABAAR has a conserved single phenylalanine residue (F380 and F385, respectively) that influences its sensitivity to propofol. Results suggest a new role of the large intracellular loop in the allosteric modulation of two members of the Cys-loop superfamily. Thus, these data provide new insights into the molecular framework behind the modulation of inhibitory ion channels by propofol.