bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Challenges and Processes of Implementing Program and Performance Budget for Government Universities in Iraq
Authors: Rahi Mohammed Amer , Maelah Ruhanita , Hamzah Noradiva , Kasim Khairul Naziya 
Published: May 2024

This study aims to identify the challenges facing the implementation process and necessary processes for the successful implementation of Program and Performance Budget (PPB) in Iraqi universities. Employing a qualitative approach, data was gathered through in-depth, semi-structured focus group discussions involving top management and financial department representatives from the University of Baghdad, the University of Al-Qadisiyah, and the University of Muthanna, totaling 30 participants. Utilizing Nvivo software, the data was analyzed to generate a word cloud, where larger-sized words indicated greater repetitions and higher impact rates. Thematic analysis techniques were subsequently applied for a more detailed understanding. The findings underscore numerous challenges in PBB implementation, including issues related to management competence, organizational commitment, financial constraints, and the unique features of PPB. Key thematic areas for necessary processes are the measurement system and the approach to implementation. The contribution of the theoretical study is to supplement previous literature that is concerned with trying to find an alternative to the traditional method of preparing the budget. The current study showed the challenges associated with implementing the PPB in the Iraqi context and the necessary procedures for that. The study focuses on Iraqi government universities. This empirical evidence contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and processes associated with PBB implementation, serving as a valuable guide for university management.
Main Techniques of Translating Non-equivalent Words
Authors: Batmunkh Lkhasuren 
Published: May 2024

The technological advances are occurring at a rapid pace in the 21st century which is called the age of information technology. Regarding these advancements, many new foreign words are entering Mongolian language constantly. Especially since 1990, the challenge has been how to translate new words, phrases and terms into Mongolian accurately from English, the main international academic language. In terms of lexical equivalence, it can be complete and partial. The issue is partial equivalence outnumbers absolute equivalence in any language depending on the cultural differences of speakers of a source language. In order to translate those non-equivalent vocabulary items, the main translation techniques such as transliteration, transcription, calque or loan translation, substitution and description are used individually and collectively. In the past, we used to spell and translate any foreign word from Russian into Mongolian as they were spelt in Russian irrespective of its pronunciation. But in the last 30 years we have been translating non-equivalent vocabulary from English into Mongolian by the main techniques mentioned above. Therefore, in the future, there is a necessity of choosing and using the best translated version of a foreign word, phrase and terms after the translation of each and every foreign word is being checked carefully.
Дүйцэлгүй үгсийг орчуулах үндсэн аргууд
Хураангуй: Мэдээллийн эрин үе болох XXI зуунд техник, технологийн дэвшил нэн хурдацтай өрнөж байна. Үүнтэй холбоотойгоор олон үг харь хэлнээс монгол хэлэнд тогтмол орж ирж буй. Ялангуяа 1990 оноос хойш дэлхийн шинжлэх ухааны зонхилох хэл болсон англи хэлнээс монгол хэлэнд шууд орж ирж буй шинэ үг, хэллэг, нэр томьёог монгол хэл рүү хэрхэн оновчтой хөрвүүлэх нь тулгамдсан асуудал юм. Үгийн сангийн хувьд орчуулгын тохироог бүрэн ба заримдаг хэмээн ялган үзвэл бүрэн тохироот үгс аль ч хэлний үгийн сангийн цөөн хувийг эзэлнэ. Эх хэлээр харилцагсдын соёл, ахуйн ялгаанаас хамааран орчуулгын хэлэнд үгийн сангийн үлдэх хувь буюу ихэнх нь орчуулгын бүрэн биш тохироонд хамаардаг. Иймд уг өгүүлэлд дүйцэлгүй буюу эквивалентгүй үгсийг оновчтой орчуулахад эзэмших шаардлагатай орчуулгын үндсэн аргуудыг авч үзэв.
Түлхүүр үг: Реали, үсэглэх, галиглах, тайлбарлах, хуулбарлан орчуулах, ойролцоо орчуулга
Effect of Supination vs Pronation in Non-operative Treatment of Pediatric Supracondylar Fracture Humerus
Authors: Abdul Hadi  , Harl Adeel Faisal 
Published: May 2024

Objective: to compare modes of the forearm (supination and pronation) in terms of elbow deformity after closed reduction and casting of supracondylar fracture humerus.
Methodology: Prospective study was conducted at orthopedic surgery department of Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 2023 to February 2024. One hundred patients were included in study 45 treated in pronation position and 55 in supination position. Supracondylar fracture was managed with closed reduction and immobilization procedure. Outcomes were assessed through clinical and radiographic examination. Follow up was done till 8 months. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis and p vale ≤0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: In pronation, the type of fracture (I & III) was noted as n=32 (71.1%) and n=13 (28.9%), respectively. While in supination, type of fracture (I & III) was noted as n=40 (72.7%) and n=15 (27.3%), respectively.
Conclusion: there is a definite difference between two groups of management supination and pronation in the closed treatment of supracondylar humerus fracture regarding elbow malunion deformity.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Keluarga Tentang Komunikasi Dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Pada Lansia Di RW 04 Kelurahan Bantargebang
Authors: Amara lestari Viranti , Nur Fajri Hidayati Bunga Dinda , Suriany Simamora Rotua 
Published: May 2024

Latar Belakang: kurangnya komunikasi pada lansia dapat menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan peran sosial dalam berinteraksi sosial di masyarakat maupun di keluarga. Hal ini didukung oleh sikap lansia yang cenderung egois dan enggan mendengarkan pendapat orang lain, sehingga mengakibatkan lansia terkucilkan secara sosial pada akhirnya lansia tersebut merasa diasingkan dan merasa tidak dibutuhkan lagi karena tidak ada penyaluran emosional dari bersosialisasi. Tujuan Peneliti: Mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan keluarga tentang komunikasi dengan penerapan komunikasi pada lansia di RW 04 Kelurahan Bantargebang. Metode Peneliti: Desain dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Observasional Analitik dengan rancangan penelitian Cross Sectional, menggunakan variabel independen tingkat pengetahuan keluarga dan variabel dependen penerapan komunikasi pada lansia, dengan jumlah sampel 70 keluarga dengan lansia. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan dan penerapan komunikasi. Setelah terkumpul data dilakukan uji statistik dengan menggunakan Chi Square. Hasil Peneliti: Berdasarkan uji statistik chi square diperoleh nilai Asymp Signifikansi sebesar 0,002 (<α (0,05)), hal ini menunjukan bahwa H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuan keluarga tentang komunikasi dengan penerapan komunikasi pada lansia di RW 04 Kelurahan Bantargebang tahun 2023. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan keluarga tentang komunikasi dengan penerapan komunikasi pada lansia di RW 04 Kelurahan Bantargebang
Gambaran Pengetahuan Akseptor KB Terhadap Efek Samping Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal Di Puskesmas Bumi Restu Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Kriswidiani Nova 
Published: May 2024

Keluarga Berencana (KB) merupakan upaya mengatur kelahiran anak, jarak dan usia ideal melahirkan untuk mewujudkan keluarga yang berkualitas. Banyaknya akseptor KB di Puskesmas Bumi Restu yang mengeluh tentang efek samping yang muncul saat menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal menyebabkan beberapa akseptor cemas dan akhirnya drop out, hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh akseptor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat gambaran pengetahuan akseptor KB terhadap efek samping penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal di Puskesmas Bumi Restu. Penelitian menggunakan deskriptif analitik dengan metode pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 309 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dan didapatkan hasil 75 responden ditambah 10% untuk mengantisipasi responden yang drop out, sehingga sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 82 responden pada periode Februari 2022. Pengumpulan data diambil dari data primer dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada akseptor KB hormonal. Uji statistik menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah dari 82 responden terdapat 15 responden (18,3%) memiliki pengetahuan kurang, 39 responden (47,6%) pengetahuan cukup, dan 28 responden (34,1%) pengetahuan baik. Kesimpulan; pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh akseptor KB di Puskesmas Bumi Restu mayoritas adalah pengetahuan cukup. Saran penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan kepada peran petugas kesehatan bukan hanya kepada akseptor KB.
Multi-view data visualisation via manifold learning
Authors: Rodosthenous Theodoulos , Shahrezaei Vahid , Evangelou Marina 
Published: May 2024

Non-linear dimensionality reduction can be performed by manifold learning approaches, such as stochastic neighbour embedding (SNE), locally linear embedding (LLE) and isometric feature mapping (ISOMAP). These methods aim to produce two or three latent embeddings, primarily to visualise the data in intelligible representations. This manuscript proposes extensions of Student’s t-distributed SNE (t-SNE), LLE and ISOMAP, for dimensionality reduction and visualisation of multi-view data. Multi-view data refers to multiple types of data generated from the same samples.
The proposed multi-view approaches provide more comprehensible projections of the samples compared to the ones obtained by visualising each data-view separately. Commonly, visualisation is used for identifying underlying patterns within the samples. By incorporating the obtained low-dimensional embeddings from the multi-view manifold approaches into the K-means clustering algorithm, it is shown that clusters of the samples are accurately identified. Through extensive comparisons of novel and existing multi-view manifold learning algorithms on real and synthetic data, the proposed multi-view extension of t-SNE, named multi-SNE, is found to have the best performance, quantified both qualitatively and quantitatively by assessing the clusterings obtained.
The applicability of multi-SNE is illustrated by its implementation in the newly developed and challenging multi-omics single-cell data. The aim is to visualise and identify cell heterogeneity and cell types in biological tissues relevant to health and disease. In this application, multi-SNE provides an improved performance over single-view manifold learning approaches and a promising solution for unified clustering of multi-omics single-cell data.
Comparative evaluation of the sleep quality metrics between a cardboard bed and a camp cot: a randomized controlled crossover study
Authors: Hamanishi Seiji , Miki Airi , Sasaki Shinsuke 
Published: May 2024

Background
Health-beneficial emergency bedding has become increasingly important for dealing with natural disasters such as the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake in Japan. When the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred, cardboard beds were provided to evacuees. However, there were concerns about lower back pain and sleep disturbances, as cardboard beds offer insufficient pressure distribution. This study aimed to compare the effects of cardboard beds with those of foldable camp cots on sleep quality.

Methods
A randomized controlled crossover study involving 20 healthy participants aged 18–45 years was conducted between June 2022 and January 2023. Participants were asked to sleep for one night on a camp cot and for another night on a cardboard bed, with a minimum three-day washout period between the two nights. Body pressure distribution and sleep metrics obtained from polysomnography (PSG) and questionnaires were compared between the two-bed types (P < 0.05).

Results
The camp cot exhibited better body pressure distribution than a cardboard bed, leading to improved sleep satisfaction, bedding comfort, and reduced morning sleepiness. Nevertheless, polysomnography revealed no notable differences in sleep metrics or sleep architecture between the two types of beds.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that cardboard beds have lower pressure dispersion capabilities than camp cots, leading to an increased number of position changes during sleep. Additionally, subjective sleep quality, such as alertness on waking, sleep comfort, and sleep satisfaction, was lower for cardboard beds, suggesting that camp cots might offer a more comfortable bedding option for evacuees. However, there were no discernible differences between the two-bed types in terms of objective sleep metrics derived from PSG. The potential for sleep disturbances caused by lower back pain from a hard mattress has been noted, and it is possible that a single night’s experience in healthy individuals might not be enough for sleep issues to manifest.
Using a golf specific functional movement screen to predict golf performance in collegiate golfers
Authors: Shi Min , Wu Hua , Ruan Hui , Xu Dan , Deng Libo , Pang Shibo 
Published: May 2024

Background
This study aims to examine the relationship between functional movements and golf performance using the Golf Specific Functional Movement Screen (GSFMS).

Methods
This cross-sectional study included a total of 56 collegiate golfers (aged 20.89 ± 0.99 years, height of 174.55 ± 7.76 cm, and weight 68.48 ± 9.30 kg) who met the criteria, and were recruited from Hainan Normal University in June 2022. The participants’ golf motor skills (1-yard putt, 10-yard putt, 25-yard chip, 130/100-yard set shot, driver, and 9-hole stroke play) were tested and the GSFMS (e.g., pelvic tilt, pelvic rotation, and torso rotation) was used.

Results
There were significant weak or moderate correlations between the variables. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression analysis found that pelvic rotation and lower-body rotation abilities can significantly predict golf skill levels, which collectively explain 31.2% of the variance in golf skill levels among collegiate golfers (Adjusted R2 = 0.312, F = 2.663, p < 0.05). Standardised β values indicate that pelvic rotation (β = 0.398) has a more substantial impact on golf skill levels than lower-body rotation (β = 0.315).

Conclusions
This study found the weak to moderate correlations between the GSFMS and golf performance, and pelvic rotation and lower-body rotation abilities, thus predicting golf skills. Our findings provide novel insights into the relationship between functional abilities and comprehensive skill performance within the context of the Gray Cook’s Movement Pyramid model, and provide theoretical support and practical reference for collegiate golf motor-skill learning and sports injury prevention.
Non-monetary Compensation and Employees’ Performance in the Transmission Company of Nigeria, Abuja
Authors: Oigbochie Abel Ehizojie , Ajalie Stanley Nwannebuife , Okwara Princewill 
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of non-monetary compensation on employees performance in the transmission company of Nigeria. Man is generally perceived as an economic man, as his economic well being is what fuels his desire to give his best for the growth and sustainability of his organisation. Over the years employees have persistently clamoured for better remuneration, thereby leading to agitation between employee union and management. This article identified employee recognition, promotion, praise and office environment as constructs for measuring non-monetary compensation in this study. Through the use of a structured questionnaire, data was collected from a sample size of 214 respondents. Data was analysed using regression analysis via the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS). Findings from the study showed that Praise (PR) = .78-0.63, Promotion (PRT) = .78-0.9, Employee Recognition (ER) =.78-0.24 and Office Environment (OE) = .78-0.14 all have a significant effect on employees performance in the transmission company of Nigeria. The study recommends other non-monetary compensation packages like shopping vouchers, praise dinners and trophies in order to boost productivity in the organisation.
Measuring the Effect of Regime Change on Petroleum Price in Nigeria Using Moving Index
Authors: Ekum Matthew Iwada , Oyeyemi Sheriffdeen Taiwo , Alakija Temitope Olufunmilayo , Francis Saduwa Akpoviri , Omodasola Azeez Olabisi , Akinmoladun Olusegun Mayowa 
Published: May 2024

The ongoing volatility of crude oil prices on the international market has harmed every sector of the Nigerian economy. Every Nigerian government regime experiences fluctuations in the price of petroleum. Thus, this research studied the effect of change in government regime on change in petroleum prices using a moving index with a constant and moving base year. Data on government regime and prices of petroleum were collected (1960 to 2021) from the Office of the Secretary to the Government of the Federation, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), spanning 62 years, and the changes in these prices over all the regime were observed via the time plot. The results of the analysis showed that regime change in Nigeria has significantly impacted the price of petroleum. The trend of change in petroleum prices using 1960 as a constant base year showed that regime change has a significant effect on change in petroleum price, while the moving index with varying base years showed no significant effect on the change in the petroleum price. Therefore, it can be concluded that variations in the price of petroleum in Nigeria are caused by both changes in time and regime. The estimated trend of change in the prices of petroleum with the period under study showed an upward trend. The movement showed that the price of petroleum is not likely to reduce shortly but rather will increase if nothing is done to stabilize it.
Quantification of Allosteric Interactions at G Protein–Coupled Receptors Using Radioligand Binding Assays
Authors: Leach Katie , Sexton Patrick M. , Christopoulos Arthur 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAllosteric interactions involve the simultaneous binding of two ligands to the same receptor. An allosteric modulator causes a conformational change in the receptor protein that yields a change in the binding or signaling of an orthosteric agent, i.e., an agonist or competitive antagonist that binds to the endogenous agonist binding site. Because of the complex nature of allosteric phenomena, the detection and quantification of their effects on orthosteric ligand binding relies on the use of both equilibrium and non‐equilibrium assays to ensure proper interpretation of the findings. Outlined in this unit are the most common experimental approaches for measuring allosteric effects on orthosteric ligand affinity at G protein‐coupled receptors. There is also a discussion of the analysis of experimental data derived from such assays. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 52:1.22.1‐1.22.41. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preclinical Orthotopic and Intracardiac Injection Models of Human Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone and Their Use in Drug Discovery
Authors: Scepansky Ellen , Goldstein Robert , Rosenblatt Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with the development of distant metastases rendering the condition incurable. Relatively little is known about the factors governing the progression from primary tumor to metastasis, in part because of the difficulty in modeling what is a complex series of events. Detailed in this unit are descriptions of two murine models of breast cancer metastasis to bone that can be used to screen the effectiveness of new chemical entities on this disease process.Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 52:14.18.1‐14.18.23. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Peura Teija , Schaft Julia , Dumevska Biljana , Stojanov Tomas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis unit describes generation of human embryonic stem cell lines from early human embryos. The focus is on actual handling of embryos and early embryonic outgrowths, omitting steps required for actual generation, freezing, and thawing of embryos, as well as further culture and characterization of newly derived stem cells. Hence, the initial culture of embryos to a blastocyst stage is described, followed by removal of the protective zona pellucida layer, isolation of the inner cell mass (ICM), subsequent plating of ICM or whole embryo and, finally, the first few passages of an early embryonic outgrowth. A few alternative procedures for some steps such as zona removal and inner cell mass isolation are described, to allow procedures to be modified according to circumstances. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 16:1A.5.1‐1A.5.19. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wood and Silk: Hierarchically Structured Biomaterials Investigated In Situ With X‐Ray and Neutron Scattering
Authors: Müller Martin , Krasnov Igor , Ogurreck Malte , Blankenburg Malte , Pazera Tomasz , Seydel Tilo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSynchrotron radiation X‐ray and neutron scattering techniques are very useful tools for the non‐destructive analysis of the structure of biopolymer materials such as wood and silk, making the in situ investigation of structural changes upon mechanical stress possible. The low‐divergence synchrotron radiation X‐rays can be focused down to sub‐micrometer size, enabling scanning studies of the wood nanostructure with (sub‐)microscopic position resolution. This article highlights very recent advances in the understanding of silk and wood micro‐ and nanostructure, which were only possible using synchrotron radiation and neutrons. Examples include the local breakdown of cellulose fibre texture in wood cell walls, the deformation mechanism of a single wood cell, the viscoelastic properties of silk and insight into molecular mechanisms in silk upon mechanical deformation.
Enhanced Fibroblasts Functions in a New Family of Hierarchically Organized Nanohybrid Elastomers
Authors: Shah Jinesh , Girase Bhupendra , Misra R. Devesh K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFibroblasts functions in a new family of nanohybrid network elastomers with high strength‐at‐break involving pressure‐induced curing and short chain cross‐links of inorganic nanostructures have been investigated. The concept of chemical design and synthesis involves covalently linking nanometer‐sized titania with a bi‐functional agent, acrylic acid, which has a carboxylic group to coordinate with titania and a vinyl group to form short chain cross‐links as an integral part of the silicone network structure elastomer. Interestingly, the cell–substrate interactions in the hybrid network structure elastomer are significantly different from those observed in stand alone silicone. The origin of intriguing differences in cell–substrate interactions in terms of cell attachment, viability, and proliferation and assessment of proteins actin, vinculin, and fibronectin are addressed and attributed to physico‐chemical properties (topography and hydrophilicity) and to the presence of nanocrystalline titania. The end outcome of the study is a new family of soft tissue implants with desired (enhanced cell functions) and bulk properties (long term stability–high strength‐at‐break). The integration of cellular and molecular biology with material science and engineering described here provides an insight into the ability to modulate cellular and molecular reactions in promoting osteoinductive signaling of surface adherent cells, in the present case, fibroblasts for soft tissue reconstruction.