bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living in a post‐industrial landscape: repeated patterns of genetic divergence in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) across the British Isles
Authors: Osmond Daniel R. , King R. Andrew , Russo Isa‐Rita M. , Bruford Michael W. , Stevens Jamie R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe British Isles have been worked for millennia to extract metal ores to feed industrial development, leaving a legacy of mine water pollution that continues to impact freshwater communities in many regions. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) have long been observed to persist in these metal‐impacted systems as apex predators, with previous studies showing a small number of impacted populations to be highly genetically divergent. We sought to understand the scale of genetic diversity across regions and the repeatability of genetic divergence in trout populations affected by metal pollution.LocationWe examined four mine water‐impacted regions across the British Isles: west Wales, northeast England, southwest England and southeast Ireland.MethodsWe employed a panel of 95 SNP loci to screen 1236 individuals from 71 sites representing paired metal‐impacted and clean sites from across the four regions. From these, we obtained diversity statistics, assessed genetic structuring of populations and modelled historical demographic scenarios to understand which factors most credibly explain genetic variation in divergent populations.ResultsWe evidenced hierarchical population structure in the regions studied, in line with expectations from phylogeographic history. However, in a hierarchical analysis of genetic structuring the first level of differentiation was driven by the divergence of the metal‐impacted trout of Cornwall in southwest England. Within regions we observed reduced genetic diversity and repeated patterns of local genetic sub‐structuring between paired samples from metal‐impacted and relatively clean sites. Demographic history analyses suggested the timing of these splits to be relatively recent and to be associated with periods of peak mining activity.Main conclusionsOur findings demonstrate distinct patterns of genetic isolation and reduced diversity arising from legacy pollution in freshwater ecosystems, with impacts being most apparent where both chemical pollution and physical barriers are present. Management should focus on the amelioration of mine water wash‐out and the removal of barriers to fish movement to safeguard genetic diversity in impacted populations.
Sustaining the benefits of structured education: Participants' experiences of receiving structured individual support during a programme (DAFNEplus) informed by behavioural science
Authors: Hart Ruth I. , Rankin David , Chadwick Paul M. , de Zoysa Nicole , Heller Simon , Cooke Debbie , Elliott Jackie , Lawton Julia ,   the DAFNEplus study group
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe DAFNEplus programme seeks to promote sustained improvements in glycaemic management by incorporating techniques from behavioural science. It includes five sessions of structured individual support delivered over 12 months following group education. As part of a broader evaluation, and to inform decision‐making about roll‐out in routine care, we explored participants' experiences of, and engagement with, that individual support.MethodsWe interviewed DAFNEplus participants (n = 28) about their experiences of receiving individual support and the impact they perceived it as having on their self management practices. We analysed data thematically.ResultsParticipants described several important ways individual support had helped strengthen their self management, including: consolidating and expanding their understandings of flexible intensive insulin therapy; promoting ongoing review and refinement of behaviour; encouraging continued and effective use of data; and facilitating access to help from healthcare professionals to pre‐empt or resolve emergent difficulties. Participants characterised themselves as moving towards independence in self management over the time they received individual support, with their accounts suggesting three key stages in that journey: ‘Working with healthcare professionals’; ‘Growing sense of responsibility’; and, ‘Taking control’. Whilst all portrayed themselves as changed, participants' progress through those stages varied; a few continued to depend heavily on DAFNEplus facilitators for advice and/or direction at 12 months.ConclusionsWhile all participants benefited from individual support, our findings suggest that some may need, or gain further benefit from, longer‐term, tailored support. This has important implications for decision‐making about roll‐out of DAFNEplus post‐trial and for the development of future programmes seeking to bring about sustainable changes in self management practices.
What Comparisons Can Do for Normative Theory
Authors: Espíndola Juan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis essay defends the use of empirical comparative analysis in the development of normative inquiry. In it, Juan Espíndola argues that comparisons between two or more carefully crafted cases can help us appreciate the relevant contextual considerations that must be factored into normative analysis. In the social sciences, comparisons are used to control whether a generalization holds across cases, for explanatory purposes. Comparisons have a controlling function. With respect to normative endeavors, Espíndola contends, comparisons can play a similar function. They can serve as a heuristic device to help us appreciate differences in what people value; in this sense, they also play an epistemic function, which can help us refine normative theories, especially if their ambition is to offer action‐guiding prescriptions.
The motifs of radical embodied neuroscience
Authors: Raja Vicente 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I analyse how the emerging scientific framework of radical embodied neuroscience is different from contemporary mainstream cognitive neuroscience. To do so, I propose the notion of motif to enrich the philosophical toolkit of cognitive neuroscience. This notion can be used to characterize the guiding ideas of any given scientific framework in psychology and neuroscience. Motifs are highly unconstrained, open‐ended concepts that support equally open‐ended families of explanations. Different scientific frameworks—e.g., psychophysics or cognitive neuroscience—provide these motifs to answer the overarching themes of these disciplines, such as the relationship between stimuli and sensations or the proper methods of the sciences of the mind. Some motifs of mainstream cognitive neuroscience are the motif of encoding, the motif of input–output systems, and the motif of algorithms. The two first ones answer the question about the relationship between stimuli, sensations and experience (e.g., stimuli are input and are encoded by brain structures). The latter one answers the question regarding the mechanism of cognition and experience. The three of them are equally unconstrained and open‐ended, and they serve as an umbrella for different kinds of explanation—i.e., different positions regarding what counts as a code or as an input. Along with the articulation of the notion of motif, the main aim of this article is to present three motifs for radical embodied neuroscience: the motif of complex stimulation, the motif of organic behaviour and the motif of resonance.
Diagnosis, treatment, and long‐term outcomes of pediatric pemphigus: a retrospective study at tertiary medical centers
Authors: Renert‐Yuval Yael , Baum Sharon , Greenberger Shoshana , Cohen‐Barak Eran , Oren‐Shabtai Meital , Ben‐Amitai Dan , Friedland Rivka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric pemphigus is a rare bullous disease that represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge; evidence on patients' response to various treatments and long‐term surveillance data are lacking. We aimed to investigate pediatric pemphigus patients' characteristics, diagnosis, therapeutics, response, and long‐term follow‐up.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of all pemphigus patients aged <18 years, diagnosed between 2000 and 2023, from three tertiary medical centers in Israel. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive immunofluorescence.ResultsTwelve pediatric pemphigus patients were included (mean age 10.7 ± 4.3 years, male:female ratio 1:1). Mean diagnostic delay was 11.1 ± 12.6 months (range 1.8–36 months). Most patients had pemphigus vulgaris with mucosal involvement (58.3%). First‐line treatment for all patients included systemic corticosteroids (sCS), with a treatment duration (including tapering down) of 28 ± 18.4 months. Hospitalization did not yield better outcomes. Only three patients achieved sustained complete response with sCS treatment (25.0%), and the rest required additional therapeutics, most commonly rituximab. Rituximab showed a good safety profile and therapeutic response. Follow‐up was recorded up to 18.1 years after diagnosis (mean: 5.6 years). Three of five patients with information available more than 5 years after the pemphigus diagnosis still exhibited disease symptoms.ConclusionsPediatric pemphigus is associated with a significant diagnostic delay. While sCS can induce remission in most patients as a first‐line treatment, long‐term disease control requires additional immunomodulators. Long‐term follow‐up reveals a chronic yet mostly benign disease course in this population and advocates for the use of rituximab in pediatric pemphigus patients.
Do academic advising and levels of support affect nursing students' mental health? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Selim Abeer , Ibrahim Nashwa , Awad Shaimaa , Salama Ebtsam , Omar Abeer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe current study aimed to identify the association between social support, academic advising and mental health disorders among nursing students.BackgroundStress and workload can trigger multiple mental health disorders, especially for nursing students. Thus, academic advising and counselling help support students with academic and mental health problems.DesignThis cross‐sectional study utilized online questionnaires in Egypt and Saudi Arabia.MethodsMultidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐4) and the Student Academic Advising and Counseling Survey (SAACS) were utilized to measure social support, depression and anxiety and evaluation of academic advising and counselling services, respectively.ResultsThe study included 1134 nursing students (mean age of 20.3 years). Students with higher academic advising satisfaction were 37% less likely to experience depression (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46–0.85) and mental disorders (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.94). Moderate family social support was associated with lower depression (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.93) and mental disorders (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.92).ConclusionAcademic advising and social support can mitigate mental health disorders among nursing students. These findings will help nurses and post‐secondary providers develop strategies to support nursing students during difficult times.
Colorectal polyps in young adults: a retrospective review of colonoscopy data from Toowoomba and the Darling Downs
Authors: Liu Leo , Nagel Robyn , Verma Shelley , Pinidiyapathirage Janani 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPolyps are the predominant precursors of colorectal cancer. In the past three decades, the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer have been increasing in adults younger than 50 years.AimsThe aim of this clinical audit was to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics and clinical associations of polyps in adults aged 18–49 years presenting to an established private gastroenterology clinic in the Toowoomba Darling Downs region.MethodsThe audit included data from 353 patient records held by the Toowoomba Gastroenterology Clinic. Data extracted from patient medical records through the Medical Director program software contained structured endoscopy/colonoscopy and histology reports of excised lesions of patients presenting to the clinic. The extract involved identifying all patients aged 18–49 years in the database from January 2019 to March 2022. Patients were screened based on audit inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were risk stratified for recommended surveillance intervals as per Australian Clinical Guidelines.ResultsOf the sample population, 33.4% were identified with polyps and 22.4% were identified with neoplastic polyps (NPs). A total of 6.7% of 18‐ to 29‐year‐old patients were identified with intermediate risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, and 19.8% and 19.3% of 30‐ to 39‐year‐old and 40‐ to 49‐year‐old patients identified with intermediate or high risk for CRC screening respectively. Increased age, greater size of polyps and surveillance of previous polyps were associated with increased NP prevalence.ConclusionsData from this audit supported the temporal trend of increasing prevalence of polyps in adults younger than 50 years. Patient cohorts aged 30–39 and 40–49 years may benefit from earlier first colonoscopies. Findings could be the impetus for future research in young adults presenting for colonoscopy.
Social inequities in early childhood caries in Australia: A population‐based study on statewide public dental services data
Authors: Singh Ankur , Hegde Shalika , Silva Mihiri , Whelan Martin , Karahalios Amalia , Manton David J. , Goldfeld Sharon , English Dallas R. , Dashper Stuart 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSocial disadvantage leads to dental caries during childhood.AimThis study investigated whether dental caries occur earlier in children from households experiencing social disadvantage than those not experiencing social disadvantage.DesignThe overall risk of, and relative time to, early childhood caries (ECC) according to sociodemographic characteristics in Victoria, Australia, was quantified. Records for 134 463 children in Victoria, Australia, from 2009 to 2019 were analysed. Time ratios (TR) and hazard ratios (HR) of carious lesion(s) in early childhood were estimated.ResultsCompared with reference groups, Indigenous children had an adjusted TR of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.82), children from households with languages other than English had an adjusted TR of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.84), and dependants of concession cardholders had an adjusted TR of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.81); therefore, 20%, 17% and 19% reduced times to the first carious lesion, respectively. The estimated HRs were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.49, 1.67) for Indigenous children, 1.46 (95% CI: 1.42, 1.50) for children from households with other languages and 1.57 (CI: 1.53, 1.60) for dependants of concession cardholders.ConclusionPreventive oral health interventions must be targeted early in children from households experiencing social disadvantage to avoid social inequities in ECC.
Never‐Ending Mission of God
Authors: Cho Hyuk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to trace the evolution of the concept of missio Dei and examine the implications of each shift for the practice of mission. First, I explore the origin of missio Dei and its development from 1932 under Hitler's regime, and then I suggest Willingen's understanding of missio Dei in 1952 as an ecclesiocentric basis for mission. I then explore two more shifts in the understanding of missio Dei. Through the report on evangelism, The Church for Others and the Church for the World (1967), I assert that the report made a paradigm shift in the understanding of missio Dei as a theocentric mission with its implications for interfaith dialogue. Then, I present missio Dei as a Spirit‐centred mission based on the World Council of Churches' (WCC's) recent policy statement, Together towards Life (2013), and how to practise the concept of missio Dei as it is presented in the document by the WCC and ACT Alliance, Called to Transformation: Ecumenical Diakonia (2022).
Bible Study as Postcolonial Witnessing
Authors: Lakawa Septemmy Eucharistia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article contextualizes Stef Craps’ concept of postcolonial witnessing and Shelly Rambo's concept of the afterlife of trauma to offer a model of Bible study as a postcolonial witnessing to the afterlife. The aim is to identify the contextual and multilayered dimensions of Bible study as a witnessing practice embedded in an Indonesian local Christian community's story of post‐religious communal violence and cultural trauma and its rereading of the Bible as a narrative of the afterlife. The community's story unveils an intergenerational community of survivors witnessing life within the intersection of the rupturing presence of violence, mission history, and its collective memory. I argue that a contextual Bible study from the lens of the afterlife imbued with a local Christian community's story of trauma and witnessing exemplifies an intergenerational, intertextual, and intercultural witnessing of life – thus, a postcolonial witnessing – which is relevant to mission studies in the context of trauma history and interreligious relationships.
Reparations and the Ministry of Planetary Peace
Authors: Ross‐Allam Anthony Jermaine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article explores the historical roots and unfolding legacies of reparations denial as a continuation of the spiritual and socioeconomic planetary war perpetuated through the transatlantic slave trade. An examination of the social production of an anti‐reparations norm against Afro‐Americans in the United States seeks to uncover underlying fears of national destabilization and their relations to underexamined opportunities for functional solidarities across ethnicities, potentially offering a unique contribution to the pursuit of lasting global peace. The article proposes a twofold re‐examination. First, it insists on the rejection and reconception of religious concepts upholding and extending the socioeconomic relations of slavery and white supremacy through evasive political theological notions of human nature and historical time. Second, it advocates the formation of local, national, and international alliances dedicated to articulating, supporting, defending, and achieving reparations for distinct historical events as a means of repairing unique legacies of the transatlantic slave trade and Western colonialism for the common good, using an international ecumenical alliance for repair and reparations (AIRRE) developed by the Presbyterian Church's (USA) Center for the Repair of Historical Harms as an active example.
Timing and direction of faunal exchange between the Nearctic and the Palaearctic in Odonata
Authors: Pàmies‐Harder Maria , Múrria Cesc , Abbott John C. , Abbott Kendra , Kalkman Vincent J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimSpecies have different distribution patterns across the globe and among biogeographical regions. The Nearctic and Palaearctic regions share lineages because of their parallel biogeographic histories and ecological conditions. As the number of phylogenetic studies increases, there are more insights into past exchange events between these two regions and their effects on the current distribution of diversity. However, several groups have not been tested and an overall generalization is still missing. Here, we analyse the biogeographic history across multiple genera of odonates to elucidate a general process of species exchange, vicariance and species divergence between these two regions.LocationThe Holarctic, including the entire Nearctic and the East and West Palaearctic.Taxon14 genera of Odonata (Insecta).MethodsWe reconstructed a time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree for each genus to determine species relationships and divergence time using 3614 COI sequences of 259 species. Biogeographic ancestral range estimation was inferred for each phylogeny using BioGeoBEARS. Preferred habitat (lotic versus lentic) was established for each species.ResultsExchange events were not restricted in time, direction or either lentic habitat or lotic habitat. Most genera crossed between both regions only once, and it was mainly across the Beringia, while three diverse anisopteran genera revealed multiple exchanges. Recent exchanges during the Pleistocene were associated with cold‐dwelling and lentic species.Main ConclusionsOur finding reveals the absence of a generalizable pattern of species exchange and divergence between the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions; instead, we found lineage‐specific biogeographic patterns. This finding highlights the complexity of drivers and functional traits that shaped current diversity patterns. Moreover, it emphasizes that general conclusions cannot be formulated based on one single clade.
Contribution of FOS in neutrophils to venous thromboembolism via miR‐144 based on bioinformatic prediction and validation
Authors: Wang Ping , Zheng Lin , Qi Xiaotong , Wang Heng , Zhang Ruijing , Song Liying , Chen Ruihan , Yan Sheng , Chang Wenkai , Hu Jie , Wang Yuwen , Jin Haijiang , Shi Yongbin , Wu Zhihui , Zhao Wenbo , Shi Peilu , Tian Qinqin , Xing Miao , Dong Honglin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Finkel‐Biskis‐Jinkins Osteosarcoma (c‐Fos; encoded by FOS) plays an important role in several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and stroke. However, the relationship between FOS and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains unknown. We identified differentially expressed genes in Gene Expression Omnibus dataset, GSE48000, comprising VTE patients and healthy individuals, and analysed them using CIBERSORT and weighted co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA). FOS and CD46 expressions were significantly downregulated (FOS p = 2.26E‐05, CD64 p = 8.83E‐05) and strongly linked to neutrophil activity in VTE. We used GSE19151 and performed PCR to confirm that FOS and CD46 had diagnostic potential for VTE; however, only FOS showed differential expression by PCR and ELISA in whole blood samples. Moreover, we found that hsa‐miR‐144 which regulates FOS expression was significantly upregulated in VTE. Furthermore, FOS expression was significantly downregulated in neutrophils of VTE patients (p = 0.03). RNA sequencing performed on whole blood samples of VTE patients showed that FOS exerted its effects in VTE via the leptin‐mediated adipokine signalling pathway. Our results suggest that FOS and related genes or proteins can outperform traditional clinical markers and may be used as diagnostic biomarkers for VTE.