bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A descriptive study on the barriers and facilitators to implementation of the NSW (Australia) Healthy School Canteen Strategy
Authors: Ardzejewska K , Tadros R , Baxter D 
Published: March 2012

Objective: The study investigated the barriers and facilitators to, and the extent of the implementation of, the New South Wales (Australia) ‘Healthy School Canteen Strategy’. Design: A purposeful sample was used and data were collected using a mixed method approach. Setting: Two primary and two secondary government schools from a low socio-economic region in Sydney, NSW, Australia. Method: An audit of the available food and beverage items was followed by interviews with the school principal/deputy principal and the canteen manager. Results: This descriptive study found that, although positive changes to canteen menus are evident, there are varying levels of implementation of the strategy with a number of poor nutritional choices regularly available. Implementation is influenced by the local context, school type, canteen management practices, meal type and the student body – in particular, their religious practices. Conclusion: Concerns are raised about the effectiveness of a policy that does not take into consideration the local context.
Effect of two educational interventions on pharmacy students’ confidence and skills in dealing with adolescents with asthma
Authors: Donnelly Amy , Shah Smita , Bosnic-Anticevich Sinthia 
Published: March 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was: (1) to investigate the feasibility of incorporating the Triple A programme into the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum; (2) to compare the effect of the Triple A programme versus problem-based learning methods on the asthma knowledge of final-year pharmacy students and their perceived confidence in dealing with adolescents with asthma; and (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmacy student-led Triple A education on the asthma knowledge of adolescents with asthma. Design: Prospective, randomized parallel group design. Setting: Final year undergraduate bachelor of pharmacy degree. Methods: The study used a parallel group design. One hundred and fifty seven final-year pharmacy students were randomly assigned to work through the asthma problem-based learning (PBL) case (group A, n = 62) or undergo Triple A educator training (group B, n = 95). Asthma knowledge (AK) and confidence in managing asthma (AC) were tested through questionnaires before and after training and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pharmacy student Triple A educators delivered the programme to a volunteer group of year 11 students ( n = 8) from one Sydney metropolitan high school. Year 11 student asthma knowledge before and after the Triple A programme was similarly tested through questionnaires and analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B at baseline in either the AK or AC scores (24.6 ± 0.5 vs. 24.5 ± 0.6 and 21.0 ± 0.4 vs. 20 ± 0.6 respectively, p > 0.05, n = 157, Mann-Whitney U Test). Both AK and AC scores significantly improved following training in both groups, but the increase in AC scores was higher in group B (increase of one for group A and increase of six for group B, p < 0.05, n = 157, repeated measure ANOVA). Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in the asthma knowledge of the year 11 students who participated in the Triple A programme (an increase from 14.86 ± 6.25 to 22.57 ± 2.64, n = 8, p < 0.05 paired samples t-test). Conclusion: Both the Triple A programme and PBL were effective in improving pharmacy students’ asthma knowledge, but the Triple A programme was more effective in improving students’ confidence about managing asthma. The programme thus appears feasible and appropriate to incorporate into an undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. Furthermore, as the asthma knowledge of year 11 students was significantly improved by the delivery of the Triple A programme by trained pharmacy students, it appears feasible to have pharmacy students continue to participate in the Triple A programme.
Dealing with Income Inequality during the Bachelet Administration
Authors: Camargo Ricardo 
Published: March 2012

The notoriety that income inequality has achieved in the Chilean political debate since the presidential election of 2006 can be explained as a response discursively produced by Chilean political elites to a sense of frustration of people’s expectations as a consequence of the unsatisfactory results reached after 21 years of the application of failed inequality-reducing policies. The discursive stratagems ranged from a recalling of the “authoritarian enclaves” inherited from Pinochet’s regime to the thesis that inequality can only be resolved by improving the quality of education. This latter stratagem became a technocratic mantra for the struggle against income inequality among Chilean political elites during the Bachelet administration and gave rise to the ideological exclusion of any political proposal that defended a more redistribution-oriented approach to the problem, an exclusion deeply rooted in the traumatic memory of those elites. La notoriedad alcanzada por la desigualdad de los salarios chilenos en el debate político a partir de la elección presidencial de 2006 se puede ver como una respuesta discursiva por parte de las élites chilenas a la frustración de la ciudadanía dados los magros resultados de 21 años de políticas de balance fallidas. Las estratagemas discursivas han propuesto desde suspender los “enclaves autoritarios” heredados del régimen pinochetista hasta teorizar que la desigualdad sólo se puede resolver incrementando la calidad de la educación. Esta última estratagema se convirtió en un mantra tecnocrático contra la desigualdad entre las élites políticas durante la administración de Bachelet y dio lugar a la exclusión ideológica de cualquier propuesta política que defendiese un enfoque orientado hacia la redistribución, una exclusión muy arraigada en la memoria traumática de estas élites.
Tibial Tubercle–Posterior Cruciate Ligament Distance
Authors: Seitlinger Gerd , Scheurecker Georg , Högler Richard , Labey Luc , Innocenti Bernardo , Hofmann Siegfried 
Published: March 2012

Background: In patients with patellar instability, a pathological tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is a risk factor. However, the TT-TG distance gives no information about the location of the malformation. Hypothesis: Not all patients with a pathological TT-TG distance (≥20 mm) had lateralization of the tibial tubercle. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Fifty-eight knees in 49 patients with 2 or more patellar dislocations and 60 knees in 30 volunteers with no history of dislocation were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tibial tubercle–posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) distance was defined as the mediolateral distance between the tibial tubercle midpoint and the medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament. The distance was measured parallel to the dorsal aspect of the proximal tibia (dorsal tibia condylar line). Three observers performed the measurements. Significant differences in the TT-PCL distance between the patient and the control group were estimated using an unpaired t test. The inter- and intraobserver variability of the measurement was performed. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients for inter- and intraobserver variability of the TT-PCL distance were higher than 0.74 and 0.93, respectively. A statistically significant difference ( P < .05) was found between the TT-PCL distance in the control group (mean [SD], 18.4 [3.35] mm) and in patients (21.9 [4.30] mm). The mean (SD) TT-TG was 18.9 (5.16) mm in the patient group and 11.9 (4.67) mm in the control group ( P < .05). In the control group, 95% had a TT-PCL distance <24 mm. In the patient group, 22 of 58 knee joints (38%) had a TT-PCL distance ≥24 mm. Seventeen of 40 knee joints (43%) with a TT-TG distance ≥20 mm had a TT-PCL distance <24 mm. Conclusion: Only 57% of the patients with a pathological TT-TG distance (≥20 mm) had lateralization of the tibial tubercle in relation to the posterior cruciate ligament. The TT-PCL distance is an alternative method for determining the position of the tibial tubercle.
Comparison of Partial Versus Complete Arthroscopic Repair of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Iagulli Nicholas D. , Field Larry D. , Hobgood E. Rhett , Ramsey J. Randall , Savoie Felix H. 
Published: March 2012

Background: Complete repair of massive rotator cuff tears can be limited by tendon retraction and poor tissue quality. When a complete repair cannot be accomplished, a significant partial repair may be possible. Hypothesis: A partial repair will yield comparable outcomes to complete repair of massive rotator cuff tears in this specific patient population. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All consecutive arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs done at the authors’ institution over a 2-year period were identified. A retrospective chart review was performed. Inclusion criteria required that each patient have a massive rotator cuff tear (30 cm2 or greater). Patients were categorized as either partial or complete repair. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scores were used to measure patient outcomes at an average follow-up of 24 months (10-40 months). Results: Of 1128 consecutive arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs, 97 (9%) patients were noted intraoperatively to have massive tears measuring 30 cm2 or greater. Complete repair was achieved in 52 patients, whereas partial repair was possible in 45 patients. Eleven patients were lost to follow-up. The 41 remaining patients with only partial repair achieved a postoperative mean UCLA score of 29.49, and the 45 patients with complete repair achieved a mean UCLA score of 29.64, yielding significant improvement in both the partial repair group ( P = .0001) and the complete repair group ( P = .0001) compared with preoperative UCLA scores. However, no statistically significant differences in postoperative outcomes were noted when the 2 groups were compared with one another ( P = .89). Conclusion: Partial repair of massive rotator cuff tears yielded outcomes comparable with complete repair of massive tears.
Accessing primary health care: a meta-ethnography of the experiences of British South Asian patients with diabetes, coronary heart disease or a mental health problem
Authors: Garrett Charlotte R , Gask Linda L , Hays Rebecca , Cherrington Andrea , Bundy Christine , Dickens Chris , Waheed Waquas , Coventry Peter A 
Published: March 2012

Objectives: To develop an explanatory framework of the problems accessing primary care health services experienced by British South Asian patients with a long-term condition or mental health problem. Methods: This study used meta-ethnographic methods. Published qualitative studies were identified from a structured search of six databases and themes synthesized across studies to develop a new explanatory framework. Results: Initial searches identified 951 potentially relevant records from which a total of 27 articles were identified that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twelve of these articles were chosen on the basis of their quality and relevance. These 12 articles described themes relating to the cultural, spatial and temporal dimensions of patient experiences of accessing and using health care. Our interpretive synthesis showed that access to primary care among British South Asians with diabetes, coronary heart disease and psychological health problems is co-constructed and negotiated over time and space along the key domains of the candidacy model of access: from help-seeking to interactions at the interface to following treatment advice. In the case of each condition, British South Asians’ claims to candidacy were constrained where their individual as well as broader social and cultural characteristics lacked fit with professionals’ ways of working and cultural typifications. Conclusion: Interventions that positively affect professionals’ capacity to support patient claims to candidacy are likely to help support British South Asians overcome a broad range of barriers to care for physical and mental health problems.
Outcomes in patients with gram-negative sepsis treated with gentamicin
Authors: Pillans Peter , Iedema Joel , Donovan Peter , Newbery Robert , Whitehead Venetia , Halliday Cameron , Sheehy Robert , Springford Annaka , Patterson Tina 
Published: March 2012

Objective: Recent changes to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of gentamicin have been advocated in Australia. It remains uncertain whether these will have an effect on hard clinical endpoints. The aim of this study was to determine clinical outcomes in patients with gram-negative infections treated with gentamicin. Methods: Microbiology results of patients with confirmed gram-negative cultures were retrospectively reviewed and those treated with gentamicin included. Medical records were reviewed and patient demographics, diagnosis, renal function, comorbidities, gentamicin doses, duration, monitoring, concomitant antibiotics, antimicrobial sensitivity and clinical and microbiological outcomes recorded. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study: 52% were male, median age 64 years (17–97). Total body weight was recorded in 56% (median 74.5 kg, range 35–134 kg). Most patients had two or more important comorbidities. A total of 72% received empiric and 28% directed treatment. The organism was identified on blood culture in 45%, urine culture in 43% and aspiration of liver abscess in 12%; 95% of organisms were sensitive to gentamicin. Baseline renal function was normal in 62%. Mean gentamicin dose was 3.9 ± 0.9 mg/kg and mean duration 2.9 ± 2.5 days. Only 21% had optimal TDM. Clinical outcome was favourable in 90%. There were no cases of preventable serious toxicity. Conclusions: Despite the modest doses of gentamicin used in an elderly population with comorbidities, as well as the absence of optimal TDM, outcomes were favourable without preventable serious toxicity.
Is female preference for large sexual ornaments due to a bias to escape predation risk?
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Won Kim Tae , Choe Jae Chun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundA female preference for intense sexual visual signals is widespread in animals. Although the preferences for a signalper seand for the intensity of the signal were often regarded to have the identical origin, no study has demonstrated if this is true. It was suggested that the female fiddler crabs prefer males with courtship structures because of direct benefit to escape predation. Here we tested if female preference for both components (i.e. presence and size) of the courtship structure inUca lacteais from the sensory bias to escape predation. If both components have the identical origin, females should show the same response to different-sized courtship structures regardless of predation risk.ResultsFirst, we observed responses of mate-searching femaleU. lacteato courting males with full-sized, half-sized and no semidomes which were experimentally manipulated. Females had a directional preference for males with bigger semidomes within normal variation. Thereafter, we tested the effect of predation risk on the female bias in the non-courtship context. When threatened by an avian mock predator, females preferentially approached burrows with full-sized semidomes regardless of reproductive cycles (i.e. reproductive periods and non-reproductive periods). When the predator cue was absent, however, females preferred burrows with semidomes without discriminating structure size during reproductive periods but did not show any bias during non-reproductive periods.ConclusionsResults indicate that selection for the size of courtship structures inU. lacteamay have an origin in the function to reduce predation risk, but that the preference for males with structures may have evolved by female choice, independent of predation pressure.
Transcriptional profile analysis of E3 ligase and hormone-related genes expressed during wheat grain development
Authors: Capron Delphine , Mouzeyar Said , Boulaflous Aurélia , Girousse Christine , Rustenholz Camille , Laugier Christel , Paux Etienne , Bouzidi Mohamed Fouad 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Wheat grains are an important source of food, stock feed and raw materials for industry, but current production levels cannot meet world needs. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat grain development will contribute valuable information to improving wheat cultivation. One of the most important mechanisms implicated in plant developmental processes is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Among the different roles of the UPS, it is clear that it is essential to hormone signaling. In particular, E3 ubiquitin ligases of the UPS have been shown to play critical roles in hormone perception and signal transduction.

Results
A NimbleGen microarray containing 39,179 UniGenes was used to study the kinetics of gene expression during wheat grain development from the early stages of cell division to the mid-grain filling stage. By comparing 11 consecutive time-points, 9284 differentially expressed genes were identified and annotated during this study. A comparison of the temporal profiles of these genes revealed dynamic transcript accumulation profiles with major reprogramming events that occurred during the time intervals of 80-120 and 220-240°Cdays. The list of the genes expressed differentially during these transitions were identified and annotated. Emphasis was placed on E3 ligase and hormone-related genes. In total, 173 E3 ligase coding genes and 126 hormone-related genes were differentially expressed during the cell division and grain filling stages, with each family displaying a different expression profile.

Conclusions
The differential expression of genes involved in the UPS and plant hormone pathways suggests that phytohormones and UPS crosstalk might play a critical role in the wheat grain developmental process. Some E3 ligase and hormone-related genes seem to be up- or down-regulated during the early and late stages of the grain development.
How effective are programs at managing transition from hospital to home? A case study of the Australian transition care program
Authors: Gray Leonard C , Peel Nancye M , Crotty Maria , Kurrle Susan E , Giles Lynne C , Cameron Ian D 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
An increasing demand for acute care services due in part to rising proportions of older people and increasing rates of chronic diseases has led to new models of post-acute care for older people that offer coordinated discharge, ongoing support and often a focus on functional restoration. Overall, review of the literature suggests there is considerable uncertainty around the effectiveness and resource implications of the various model configurations and delivery approaches. In this paper, we review the current evidence on the efficacy of such programs, using the Australian Transition Care Program as a case study.

Discussion
The Australian Transition Care Program was established at the interface of the acute and aged care sectors with particular emphasis on transitions between acute and community care. The program is intended to enable a significant proportion of care recipients to return home, rather than prematurely enter residential aged care, optimize their functional capacity, and reduce inappropriate extended lengths of hospital stay for older people. Broadly, the model is configured and targeted in accordance with programs reported in the international literature to be effective. Early evaluations suggest good acceptance of the program by hospitals, patients and staff. Ultimately, however, the program's place in the array of post-acute services should be determined by its demonstrated efficacy relative to other services which cater for similar patient groups.

Summary
Currently there is a lack of robust evaluation to provide convincing evidence of efficacy, either from a patient outcome or cost reduction perspective. As the program expands and matures, there will be opportunity to scrutinise the systematic effects, with lessons for both Australian and international policy makers and clinical leaders.
Clinical significance of serological biomarkers and neuropsychological performances in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Chang Chiung-Chih , Lui Chun-Chung , Lee Chen-Chang , Chen Shang-Der , Chang Wen-Neng , Lu Cheng-Hsien , Chen Nai-Ching , Chang Alice Y W , Chan Samuel H H , Chuang Yao-Chung 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common form of focal epilepsy. Serum biomarkers to predict cognitive performance in TLE patients without psychiatric comorbidities and the link with gray matter (GM) atrophy have not been fully explored.

Methods
Thirty-four patients with TLE and 34 sex - and age-matched controls were enrolled for standardized cognitive tests, neuroimaging studies as well as measurements of serum levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), S100ß protein (S100ßP), neuronal specific enolase (NSE), plasma nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels.

Results
Compared with the controls, the patients with TLE had poorer cognitive performances and higher HSP70 and S100ßP levels (p < 0.01). The patients with higher frequencies of seizures had higher levels of HSP70, NSE and S100ßP (p < 0.01). Serum HSP70 level correlated positively with duration of epilepsy (σ = 0.413, p < 0.01), and inversely with memory scores in the late registration (σ = −0.276, p = 0.01) and early recall score (σ = −0.304, p = 0.007). Compared with the controls, gray matter atrophy in the hippocampal and parahippocampal areas, putamen, thalamus and supplementary motor areas were found in the patient group. The HSP70 levels showed an inverse correlation with hippocampal volume (R square = 0.22, p = 0.007) after controlling for the effect of age.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that serum biomarkers were predictive of higher frequencies of seizures in the TLE group. HSP70 may be considered to be a stress biomarker in patients with TLE in that it correlated inversely with memory scores and hippocampal volume. In addition, the symmetric extratemporal atrophic patterns may be related to damage of neuronal networks and epileptogenesis in TLE.
Genetic diversity and population structure of genes encoding vaccine candidate antigens of Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Chenet Stella M , Tapia Lorena L , Escalante Ananias A , Durand Salomon , Lucas Carmen , Bacon David J 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
A major concern in malaria vaccine development is genetic polymorphisms typically observed among Plasmodium isolates in different geographical areas across the world. Highly polymorphic regions have been observed in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax antigenic surface proteins such as Circumsporozoite protein (CSP), Duffy-binding protein (DBP), Merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) and Thrombospondin related anonymous protein (TRAP).

Methods
Genetic variability was assessed in important polymorphic regions of various vaccine candidate antigens in P. vivax among 106 isolates from the Amazon Region of Loreto, Peru. In addition, genetic diversity determined in Peruvian isolates was compared to population studies from various geographical locations worldwide.

Results
The structured diversity found in P. vivax populations did not show a geographic pattern and haplotypes from all gene candidates were distributed worldwide. In addition, evidence of balancing selection was found in polymorphic regions of the trap, dbp and ama-1 genes.

Conclusions
It is important to have a good representation of the haplotypes circulating worldwide when implementing a vaccine, regardless of the geographic region of deployment since selective pressure plays an important role in structuring antigen diversity.