bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutual impedance calculation between buried conductors of finite length
Authors: Rallis Konstantinos , Theodoulidis Theodoros 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe paper aims to develop expressions for calculating the mutual impedance between isolated conductors buried in homogeneous earth. The conductors have finite length and arbitrary position.Design/methodology/approachThe conductors are represented by the use of elementary electric dipoles. Well‐known existing expressions are employed for the electric field of these dipoles. The induced voltages are evaluated and the final expressions for the mutual impedance are derived. The resulting expressions involve infinite double integrals, evaluated by using adaptive quadratures that are, however, time consuming. Therefore, an alternative approach is followed involving Sommerfeld integrals (SI) for representing the electric field of a dipole and a recently devised method for computing the SI, in the spatial domain, by using calculation of discrete complex images.FindingsFinal expressions for parallel and perpendicular conductors were derived and numerical results for several values of frequency, conductors' length and horizontal distance between them, were produced. Comparison to results produced with the well‐known Pollaczek formula showed excellent agreement.Research limitations/implicationsFor future research, it is possible to use the developed expressions for earthing systems study, where the grounding grid is discretized and the moment method is invoked.Originality/valueCurrently, the formulas used for calculating mutual impedance are valid for parallel conductors of infinite length. With the present work, accurate expressions are given for finite length and arbitrary horizontal positioned conductors. In addition, the use of SI and the discrete complex image method results in a rapid and efficient tool for massive impedance calculations.
A straightforward deduction of the electric circuit power
Authors: Guarnieri Massimo 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe paper seeks to do the following. To provide an expression of the electromagnetic power flow that is alternative to the Poynting's theorem expression, overcomes its postulate feature, and is particularly suitable for electric circuit elements.Design/methodology/approachThe paper proceeds from fundamental electromagnetic laws and, independently of Poynting's formulation, follows an approach that generalize established double formulations of the electrostatic and magnetostatic energies.FindingsThe paper proposes a compact and straightforward expression of the electromagnetic power flow based on the fundamental electromagnetic field sources, i.e. charge and current densities.Practical implicationsThe achieved expression confirms Poynting's expression in the case of electric elements, overcoming its arbitrariness, generalizes previous partial results by other authors, deduced via the Poynting's power balance.Originality/valueIs promising in the computation of power flow electromagnetic devices connected in electrical circuits, i.e. for coupled problems where the analysis of electromagnetic system interfaced to electric circuits is required. Due to its simple structure and straightforward deduction it has educational value to demonstrate the expressions of the electric power in circuit elements.
Discontinuous piecewise‐linear discrete‐time dynamics – maps with gaps in electronic systems
Authors: Feely Orla 
Published: August 2011

PurposeMany important electronic systems are modelled by discrete‐time equations with nonlinearities that are discontinuous and piecewise‐linear, often arising as a result of quantization. Approximations based on linearization – the standard engineering response to nonlinearity – are often quite unhelpful in these systems, because of the form of the nonlinearity. Certain methods and results have been developed over a number of years for the analysis of discontinuous piecewise‐linear discrete‐time dynamics. The aim of this tutorial paper is to review that body of knowledge, and to show how it can be applied to representative electronic systems.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses an important electronic circuit – the ΣΔ modulator – as a central example, and considers the dynamical behaviour exhibited by this circuit and related circuits.FindingsThe circuits under investigation exhibit complex forms of behaviour that can be explained by the application of methods of nonlinear discrete‐time dynamics.Originality/valueThis paper is intended to provide a brief introduction to the body of research that exists into the behaviour of nonlinear discrete‐time circuits and systems with discontinuous piecewise‐linear nonlinearities.
Foundations of network theory
Authors: Reibiger Albrecht 
Published: August 2011

PurposeDifferent axiomatizations of network theory are considered. Kirchhoff networks are regarded with priority. Multipole and multiport networks are introduced as alternative variants. Additionally, Minty and Paynter networks, which are always dualizable are discussed briefly. The latter are special cases of Kirchhoff as well as of multiport networks. This paper seeks to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops network theory inside of set theory, i.e. networks, multipoles, etc. are defined as objects of set theory. As such objects we use preferably ordered pairs, ordered triples, etc. The objects of network theory are then separated from the class of all these set theoretical objects by means of some defining conditions. These conditions are the axioms of our approaches to network theory.FindingsIt is shown that all presented variants of axiomatizations can be developed on the basis of a uniform representation for the time functions for voltages and currents. All these variants allow interdisciplinary applications of network theory and they can be generalized to multidimensional networks. An interesting byproduct is the relationship between multiport networks, networks in Belevitch normal form, Paynter networks, and bond graphs.Originality/valueFor applications it is essential that Kirchhoff and multipole networks are with respect to their modeling capability of equal value. But from the foundational point of view the multipole terminology has a number of crucial disadvantages compared with that based on Kirchhoff networks. This fact is important both for the conception of circuit simulation software packages and for the development of basic circuit theory curricula.
CNN‐based ultrafast solver of stiff ODEs and PDEs for enabling realtime Computational Engineering
Authors: Chedjou J.C. , Kyamakya K. 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to develop, propose and validate, through a series of presentable examples, a comprehensive high‐precision and ultra‐fast computing concept for solving stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs) with cellular neural networks (CNN).Design/methodology/approachThe core of the concept developed in this paper is a straight‐forward scheme that we call “nonlinear adaptive optimization (NAOP)”, which is used for a precise template calculation for solving any (stiff) nonlinear ODEs through CNN processors.FindingsOne of the key contributions of this work (this is a real breakthrough) is to demonstrate the possibility of mapping/transforming different types of nonlinearities displayed by various classical and well‐known oscillators (e.g. van der Pol‐, Rayleigh‐, Duffing‐, Rössler‐, Lorenz‐, and Jerk‐ oscillators, just to name a few) unto first‐order CNN elementary cells, and thereby enabling the easy derivation of corresponding CNN‐templates. Furthermore, in case of PDEs solving, the same concept also allows a mapping unto first‐order CNN cells while considering one or even more nonlinear terms of the Taylor's series expansion generally used in the transformation of a PDEs in a set of coupled nonlinear ODEs. Therefore, the concept of this paper does significantly contribute to the consolidation of CNN as a universal and ultra‐fast solver of stiff differential equations (both ODEs and PDEs). This clearly enables a CNN‐based, real‐time, ultra‐precise, and low‐cost Computational Engineering. As proof of concept a well‐known prototype of stiff equations (van der Pol) has been considered; the corresponding precise CNN‐templates are derived to obtain precise solutions of this equation.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the enrichment of the literature as the relevant state‐of‐the‐art does not provide a systematic and robust method to solve nonlinear ODEs and/or nonlinear PDEs using the CNN‐paradigm. Further, the “NAOP” concept developed in this paper has been proven to perform accurate and robust calculations. This concept is not based on trial‐and‐error processes as it is the case for various classes of optimization methods/tools (e.g. genetic algorithm, particle swarm, neural networks, etc.). The “NAOP” concept developed in this frame does significantly contribute to the consolidation of CNN as a universal and ultra‐fast solver of nonlinear differential equations (both ODEs and PDEs). An implantation of the concept developed is possible even on embedded digital platforms (e.g. field‐programmable gate array (FPGA), digital signal processing (DSP), graphics processing unit (GPU), etc.); this opens a broad range of applications. On‐going works (as outlook) are using NAOP for deriving precise templates for a selected set of practically interesting PDE models such as Navier Stokes, Schrödinger, Maxwell, etc.
Analysis of transistor circuits having multiple DC solutions with the thermal constraint
Authors: Tadeusiewicz Michał , Hałgas Stanisław 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a method for finding all the DC solutions in nonlinear circuits with the thermal constraint.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed approach employs an algorithm for finding all the DC solutions without thermal constraint, including a new contraction and elimination method, an efficient method for tracing characteristics expressing voltages and power in terms of temperature, and electrical analog of the chip thermal behavior.FindingsThe paper brings a method that guarantees finding all the DC solutions, considering thermal behavior of the chip, in mid‐scale practical transistor circuits.Originality/valueA new contraction and elimination method, being the core of the algorithm for finding all the DC solutions, is proposed. An approach enabling us to consider a feedback between the power dissipated inside the chip and the temperature, which affects the circuit parameters and consequently the solutions is developed.
Neural predictors and wavelet transformation for forecasting the PM10 pollution
Authors: Siwek Krzysztof , Osowski Stanislaw , Sowinski Mieczyslaw 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop the accurate computer method of predicting the average PM10 pollution for the next day on the basis of some measured atmospheric parameters, like temperature, humidity, wind, etc. This method should be universal and applicable for any place under consideration.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the new approach to the accurate forecasting of the daily average concentration of PM10. It is based on the application of the ensemble of neural networks and wavelet transformation of the time series, representing PM10 pollution.FindingsOn the basis of numerical experiments, the paper finds that application of many neural predictors cooperating with each other can significantly improve the quality of results. The paper shows that the developed forecasting system checked on the data of PM10 pollution in Warsaw generated good overall accuracy of prediction in terms of root mean squared error, mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error.Originality/valueThe main novelty of the proposed approach is the application of the wavelet transformation and many neural networks organized in the form of ensemble. The individual neural predictors are integrated into one forecasting system using different forms of integrations, including the blind source separation method and neural‐based integration.
Optimum exciter design for Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT)
Authors: Ziolkowski Marcin , Gratkowski Stanislaw 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the methodology of designing an exciter for Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT). The design of the exciter must satisfy the following requirements: maximize MIT system sensitivity and minimize harmful influence on electronic MIT equipment.Design/methodology/approachTwo objective functions are considered, namely: a magnetic flux density in the protected regions and a module of the eddy‐current density vector in the object under test in the vicinity of a sensor. The paper shows a multi‐objective optimization technique (based on the weighted sum method) which, by coupling the finite‐element method with a genetic algorithm, supports the design of the exciter.FindingsIt is possible to design in a relatively simple way an exciter for MIT under the given assumptions.Originality/valueDetailed description of the multi‐objective optimization procedure has been presented.
Experimental evaluation of the current‐phase relation of a Josephson junction
Authors: Wetzstein Olaf , Ortlepp Thomas , Uhlmann Hermann F. , Toepfer Hannes 
Published: August 2011

PurposeJosephson junctions act as active elements in superconducting electronics. The behavior of this nonlinear element is characterized by the relation between current and the quantum mechanical phase‐difference. For an accurate device modeling, detailed knowledge about this relation is necessary. This paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachTo obtain detailed information, a method for DC measurement of the current‐phase relation suitable for all kinds of superconducting circuit elements was accomplished.FindingsThe authors developed a linear transformation algorithm to calculate the current‐phase relation from the measured data.Research limitations/implicationsIt turns out that in future designs additional connections and special test structures are required to gain more knowledge about inductance values required for the algorithm.Originality/valueBased on the inverse calculation of that algorithm, the authors found a 7 percent deviation of the current‐phase relation of a standard superconductor/insulator/superconductor Josephson junction from the predicted sine‐wave behavior. Furthermore, the paper suggests to use this method to evaluate the current‐phase relation of new Josephson elements such as a superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junction. Therefore, the authors will deposit the new element directly on the chip with the test setup fabricated with standard Nb‐technology.
Robust contrast enhancement by a coupled oscillatory paradigm
Authors: Latif M.A. , Chedjou J.C. , Kyamakya K. 
Published: August 2011

PurposeAn image contrast enhancement is one of the most important low‐level image pre‐processing tasks required by the vision‐based advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). This paper seeks to address this important issue keeping the real time constraints in focus, which is especially vital for the ADAS.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is based on a paradigm of nonlinear‐coupled oscillators in image processing. Each layer of the colored images is treated as an independent grayscale image and is processed separately by the paradigm. The pixels with the lowest and the highest gray levels are chosen and their difference is enhanced to span all the gray levels in an image over the entire gray level range, i.e. [0 1]. This operation enhances the contrast in each layer and the enhanced layers are finally combined to produce a color image of a much improved quality.FindingsThe approach performs robust contrast enhancement as compared to other approaches available in the relevant literature. Generally, other approaches do need a new setting of parameters for every new image to perform its task, i.e. contrast enhancement. These approaches are not useful for real‐time applications such as ADAS. Whereas, the proposed approach presented in this paper performs contrast enhancement for different images under the same setting of parameters, hence giving rise to the robustness in the system. The unique setting of parameters is derived through a bifurcation analysis explained in the paper.Originality/valueThe proposed approach is novel in different aspects. First, the proposed paradigm comprises of coupled differential equations, and therefore, offers a continuous model as opposed to other approaches in the relevant literature. This continuity in the model is an inherent feature of the proposed approach, which could be useful in realizing real‐time image processing with an analog implemented circuit of the approach. Furthermore, a novel framework combining coupled oscillatory paradigm and cellular neural network is also possible to achieve ultra‐fast solution in image contrast enhancement.
Linking supply chain management with mass customization capability
Authors: Liu Gensheng (Jason) , Deitz George D. 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of supply chain management in enabling manufacturers' mass customization capabilities.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based upon survey data from 262 manufacturing plants, spanning nine countries and three industries. Responses from multiple employees were aggregated for each item. Hypothesized relationships between variables were analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results generally indicate that plant mass customization capabilities are driven by customer‐focused product design and reduced supplier lead times. In turn, these factors are driven by management's emphasis on supply chain planning. Post hoc tests show that the effects of supply chain planning on mass customization capabilities are fully mediated by customer‐focused product design and reduced supplier lead time.Originality/valueWhile the literature suggests that mass customization depends upon a dynamic extended enterprise, extant empirical work has focused on internal firm characteristics. The paper is among the first to examine the significance of supply chain management upon the development of mass customization capabilities.
Stakeholder perceptions of green marketing: the effect of demand and supply integration
Authors: Kirchoff Jon F. , Koch Chris , Satinover Nichols Bridget 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the stream of thought regarding the concept of demand and supply integration (DSI) within the domain of environmental responsibility and green marketing.Design/methodology/approachConceptual application of theory to strategic‐level concepts is used to develop propositions representing a theoretical approach to the integration of green marketing and green supply chain management (SCM).FindingsBased on stakeholder theory, the authors propose that greater value will be perceived by customer stakeholders when the firm is able to successfully manage and coordinate demand (marketing) and supply (SCM) functions, ensuring that customer stakeholders receive what they are promised in regard to environmental products and services. For this relationship to offer competitive advantage and higher firm performance, the authors contend that it is necessary to better understand how customer stakeholders perceive firms' environmental initiatives, and to investigate if the degree to which a firm's demand and supply functions are integrated influences these perceptions.Research limitations/implicationsScholars will benefit from ideas and questions put forth in this paper as it suggests specific avenues to pursue empirically in order to understand stakeholder perceptions of a firm's environmental responsibility activities.Practical implicationsManagers will benefit from the results of this paper by better understanding the benefits of DSI in creating marketing campaigns for environmental products and services that stakeholders perceive as legitimate.Originality/valueThe authors introduce the concept of DSI to the green marketing and green SCM literature and position DSI within the broader rubric of environmental commitment in the firm.
Technology emergence between mandate and acceptance: an exploratory examination of RFID
Authors: Kros John F. , Glenn Richey R. , Chen Haozhe , Nadler S. Scott 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on radio frequency identification (RFID) acceptance and examine three understudied drivers: a company's satisfaction with existing logistics technologies, its logistics technology readiness (technology optimism and technology innovativeness), and relationship hostage position. The proposed conceptual model also investigates the impacts of RFID acceptance and these three antecedents on the company's logistics performance.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from the members of three professional associations in the USA. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed relationships.FindingsAccording to the analysis results, a company's satisfaction with existing technology has negative impact on RFID acceptance, and technology readiness has positive impact on RFID acceptance. However, the relationship between a company's hostage position and RFID acceptance was found to be only partially significant. Also, the positive relationship between a company's RFID acceptance and its logistics performance is confirmed in this study. Furthermore, while a company's satisfaction with existing technology and technology innovativeness were found to be positively related to logistics performance, its technology optimism and hostage position were not significant related to its logistics performance.Practical implicationsThis research confirms that a company's RFID acceptance is positively related to logistics performance. Therefore, even if a company is satisfied with its existing technologies, careful evaluation is warranted to determine if RFID as a new technology is needed to maintain the company's logistics performance in a dynamic environment. Also, this research suggests that supply chain members should be extremely cautious about the power usage toward its partners, because the authors' results show that forcing other partners to take cooperative actions may not yield the desired results.Originality/valueThis is first study examining RFID technology through a behavioral perspective. A new construct, RFID acceptance, was proposed, and related measurement scale was developed and tested along with its antecedents and outcomes.