bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Solubility and Microstructural Changes in Zircaloy-4 Due to Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Vizcaíno P. , Flores A. V. , Bozzano P. B. , Banchik A. D. , Versaci R. A. , Ríos R. O. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The present work deals with two essential degradation mechanisms of zirconium alloys: Hydrogen behavior and microstructural transformations due to neutron irradiation. The studies were carried out by using samples taken from Zircaloy-4 components, which remained for 14 years in the Atucha I pressurized heavy water reactor, accumulating neutron fluences of up to 1022 neutrons/cm2. A hydrogen/deuterium solubility increase was observed in both dissolution and precipitation processes. With the aim to follow this evolution with radiation damage recovery, the irradiated samples were annealed for different periods at 350 and 400°C in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). These temperatures were chosen to reproduce those reached by spent fuels in the early stages of the dry storage (DS). Between intervals, the terminal solid solubility temperatures in dissolution (TTSSd) and in precipitation (TTSSp) were determined. They were also determined after additional annealing at 500 and 600°C, trying to simulate long periods at DS. The hydride morphology and the metallurgical state of the Zr(Fe,Cr)2 second-phase particles (SPPs) were followed between annealing by optical microscopy, analytical electron microscopy, synchrotron light X-ray diffractionX-ray diffraction diagrams were obtained at the Brazilian Synchrotron (LNLS), Campinas, S. P., Brazil. (SXRD), and DSC. As a brief summary, we found from the first to the last run of the annealing sequence an increase of 55°C in TTSSd and 40°C in TTSSp on average. The optical and transmission electron microscopies (TEM) indicate that in the material in the irradiated condition, exists a hydride size distribution of four orders of magnitude, from 10 nm to 100 μm, but biased to sizes smaller than 5 μm. A complete amorphisation of the SPPs was observed in high fluence samples by TEM and SXRD. Similar TEM observations made in irradiated samples annealed above 400°C show a re-precipitation process of nano-SPPs forming clusters. The re-precipitation is affected by kinetics: The SPPs crystallization temperature, Tc, rises from 450 to 500°C as the heating rate increases from 5 to 20°C/min. The measured heat of crystallization was 27.3±2.1 kJ/mol (Fe+Cr).
Peritoneal Albumin and Protein Losses Do Not Predict Outcome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Balafa Olga , Halbesma Nynke , Struijk Dirk G. , Dekker Friedo W. , Krediet Raymond T. 
Published: November 2010

Summary

Background and objectives
Peritoneal clearance of albumin—unlike the transport of small molecules—is defined by both vascular surface area and size-selective permeability. Few studies have supported a positive correlation between peritoneal albumin loss and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether baseline peritoneal loss and clearance of albumin and other proteins is a risk factor of death in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
All incident peritoneal dialysis patients in our center during the last 15 years were included. Mass-transfer area coefficient of creatinine and peritoneal clearances of albumin, β2-microglobulin, α2-macroglobulin, and immunoglobulin G were calculated during a standard peritoneal permeability analysis. The total amount of albumin loss in the dialysate was also calculated. Overall mortality was studied with an intention-to-treat analysis.

Results
Two hundred fifty-seven patients were included. High baseline albumin clearance was associated with fast transport status, the presence of peripheral arterial disease, and a high comorbidity index, whereas C-reactive protein levels did not differ from the patients with low albumin clearance. Age, high comorbidity score, C-reactive protein levels >10 mg/L, and a low serum albumin were associated with mortality. Peritoneal albumin clearances and albumin loss were not associated with death in crude and adjusted analysis. Similarly, peritoneal clearances of immunoglobulin G, α2-macroglobulin, and β2-microglobulin were not determinants of survival.

Conclusions
Baseline peritoneal albumin and protein clearances are associated with signs of comorbidity, but this does not have a measurable effect on patient survival.
Association between Hemoglobin Level and Endothelial Function in Uncomplicated, Untreated Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Maio Raffaele , Sciacqua Angela , Bruni Rosamaria , Pascale Alessandra , Carullo Giuseppe , Scarpino Paola E. , Addesi Desirée , Spinelli Ines , Leone Giulia Galiano , Perticone Francesco 
Published: November 2010

Summary

Background and objectives
Hemoglobin (Hb) is an important nitric oxide (NO) buffer and a modulator of NO bioavailability. In addition, endothelial dysfunction is common in hypertensive patients, suggesting a pivotal role of hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) in vascular function. To investigate the potential role of [Hb] in endothelium-dependent vasodilation, the relationship between Hb and endothelial function was tested in a group of patients with essential hypertension.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In this retrospective study, 174 nonsmoking, uncomplicated, never-treated hypertensives were enrolled. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation was assessed by measurement of forearm blood flow response during intra-arterial infusion of increasing doses of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) using strain-gauge plethysmography. Correlation with established risk factors of endothelial dysfunction was performed.

Results
The vasodilatory response to ACh was inversely (P < 0.001) related to [Hb], and this relationship was dose dependent (P < 0.001), being minimal at the lowest dose and maximal at the highest dose. No association was found between Hb and the vasodilatory response to SNP. In a multiple linear regression model adjusted for Framingham risk factors (age, sex, BP, cholesterol, body mass index, glucose) and emerging risk factors (homeostasis model assessment index, C-reactive protein, estimated GFR), [Hb] maintained a strong and independent link with the vasodilatory response to ACh (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In a large group of nonsmoking untreated hypertensives, [Hb] is inversely related to forearm endothelium-dependent vasodilation. [Hb] should be taken into account, especially in conditions associated with low [Hb], when performing vascular function studies.
Strategies for Improving the Acquisition and Integration of Evidence Into Diabetes Care
Authors: Stetson Barbara A. , Ruggiero Laurie , Jack Leonard L. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose. Research findings can help support diabetes care providers' efforts to provide optimal education and clinical care in their practices. Much has been written about the importance of using evidence-based approaches to help ensure quality patient care. This article highlights practical strategies for helping diabetes care providers maintain an evidence-based practice. Topical content includes 1) an overview of common types of evidence available, 2) recommendations for useful resources to find the evidence, and 3) examples of strategies that diabetes care providers could use to stay informed regarding available evidence.
Conclusion. By using available resources to personally examine the evidence, diabetes care providers can make informed decisions regarding ways to optimally educate and treat patients using the best practices available. Guidelines for enhancing acquisition of best evidence and integrating the evidence into daily practice include being familiar with the types of evidence available; knowing where to find the best sources of evidence to inform practice; keeping current on landmark randomized, controlled trials in the field; and using the evidence in clinical practice by applying evidence in daily clinical decision-making.
The Hybrid Coordinate Measurement System as a Response to Industrial Requirements
Authors: Sładek Jerzy , Sitnik Robert , Kupiec Magdalena , Błaszczyk Paweł 
Published: November 2010

The Hybrid Coordinate Measurement System as a Response to Industrial RequirementsThe tendencies of modern industry are to increase the quality of manufactured products, simultaneously decreasing production time and cost. The hybrid system combines advantages of the high accuracy of contact CMM and the high measurement speed of non-contact structured light optical techniques. The article describes elements of a developed system together with the steps of the measurement process of the hybrid system, with emphasis on segmentation algorithms. Additionally, accuracy determination of such a system realized with the help of a specially designed ball-plate measurement standard is presented.
Patient Satisfaction With Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hush Julia M. , Cameron Kirsten , Mackey Martin 
Published: November 2010

Background
Patient satisfaction is an important patient-centered health outcome. To date, no systematic review of the literature on patient satisfaction with musculoskeletal physical therapy care has been conducted.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to systematically and critically review the literature to determine the degree of patient satisfaction with musculoskeletal physical therapy care and factors associated with satisfaction.

Data Sources
The databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EBM Reviews were searched from inception to September 2009.

Study Selection
Articles were included if the design was a clinical trial, observational study, survey, or qualitative study; patient satisfaction was evaluated; and the study related to the delivery of musculoskeletal physical therapy services conducted in an outpatient setting. The search located 3,790 citations. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria.

Data Extraction
Two authors extracted patient satisfaction data and details of each study.

Data Synthesis
A meta-analysis of patient satisfaction data from 7 studies was conducted. The pooled estimate of patient satisfaction was 4.44 (95% confidence interval=4.41–4.46) on a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 indicates high satisfaction and 1 indicates high dissatisfaction. Additional data were summarized in tables and critically appraised.

Limitations
Nonrespondent bias from individual studies may affect the accuracy and representativeness of these data.

Conclusion
Patients are highly satisfied with musculoskeletal physical therapy care delivered across outpatient settings in northern Europe, North America, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. The interpersonal attributes of the therapist and the process of care are key determinants of patient satisfaction. An unexpected finding was that treatment outcome was infrequently and inconsistently associated with patient satisfaction. Physical therapists can enhance the quality of patient-centered care by understanding and optimizing these determinants of patient satisfaction.
Subjective Well-Being Mediates the Effects of Resilience and Mastery on Depression and Anxiety in a Large Community Sample of Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Burns Richard A. , Anstey Kaarin J. , Windsor Timothy D. 
Published: November 2010

Objective: The tripartite model of depression and anxiety hypothesizes that positive and negative affect is related to depression and anxiety. However, the specific role of cognitive or psychological well-being constructs like resilience and mastery within a tripartite context and throughout adulthood is unclear. Method: Data was drawn from two longitudinal population-based cohorts, aged 20–24 and 40–44 based in Canberra, Australia (N = 3989). We sought to determine the interrelatedness of two affective measures of subjective well-being, positive and negative affect, with two cognitive measures of psychological well-being, resilience and mastery. We then tested their independent effects on depression and anxiety, and hypothesized, following the tripartite model, that subjective well-being would mediate the effects of the psychological well-being variables on mental health and that the psychological well-being variables would be more strongly related to positive subjective well-being. Results: Principal axis factoring delineated four affective and cognitive dimensions of well-being comprising positive and negative affect, resilience and mastery. Structural equation models identified the psychological well-being variables as significantly related to subjective well-being, which fully mediated the effects of resilience and partially mediated the effect of mastery on depression and anxiety. These findings were consistent throughout both young and middle adulthood. Conclusions: Psychological well-being components are significant predictors of subjective well-being affect states that increase vulnerability to depression and anxiety.
Knowledge Management in Vocational Training - A Case Study of the EU Project RELOAD
Authors: Welter Florian , Thiele Thomas , Pfeiffer Olivier , Richert Anja , Jeschke Sabina 
Published: November 2010

The need of diverse businesses to qualify their employees by means of vocational training is in most cases connected with high efforts due to expensive face-to-face courses and downtimes of the employees. Although, the emergence of IT-based knowledge management and
e-learning tools led to a broader range of education possibilities during the last years, the fact remained that too many approaches were not user- or learner-centred. Besides, a lot of vocational training approaches did not include modern didactic concepts which foster a self-directed way of learning. Hence a stronger consideration of the interplay of the aspects â??human, organisation and technology
EGFRandhTERTExpression as a Diagnostic Approach for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in High Risk Groups
Authors: Cherneva Radostina , Georgiev Ognian , Dimova Ivanka , Rukova Blaga , Petrov Danail , Toncheva Draga 
Published: November 2010

ObjectiveThe early detection of NSCLC is of importance because it provides chances for better outcomes. The aim of the study was to explore the clinical utility of EGFR and hTERT mRNA expression as markers for diagnosis of NSCLC.MethodsEGFR and hTERT mRNA were quantified by quantative reverse transcription real time polymerase chain reaction in plasma of 45 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 40 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, selected by certain spirometric characteristics that made them at high risk of developing lung cancer in future.ResultsThe gene expression level of each gene was calculated and given as a relative quantity–-RQ. EGFR gene expression was found in all lung cancer patients. The mean level of expression was RQ = 29.39. hTERT mRNA could be detected in 88% of patients. The mean expression ratio in them was RQ = 17.31. Only 50% of the high risk patients turned to be positive for EGFR. The level of their expression was RQ = 2.09. The plasma levels of hTERT could be detected in 17 (42.5%) patients of the high risk COPD group. Their mean level of expression was RQ = 1.02. A statistically significant difference in EGFR and hTERT mRNA expression could be observed between the two groups of patients–-p = 0.0001.ConclusionEGFR and hTERT mRNA are potential markers for lung cancer diagnosis, whose clinical importance should be replicated in a larger cohort of patients.
Dynamic Electromechanical Hydrogel Matrices for Stem Cell Culture
Authors: Lim Han L. , Chuang Jessica C. , Tran Tuan , Aung Aereas , Arya Gaurav , Varghese Shyni 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHydrogels have numerous biomedical applications including synthetic matrices for cell culture and tissue engineering. Here we report the development of hydrogel based multifunctional matrices that not only provide three‐dimensional structural support to the embedded cells but also can simultaneously provide potentially beneficial dynamic mechanical and electrical cues to the cells. A unique aspect of these matrices is that they undergo reversible, anisotropic bending dynamics in an electric field. The direction and magnitude of this bending can be tuned through the hydrogel crosslink density while maintaining the same electric potential gradient, allowing control over the mechanical strain imparted to the cells in a three‐dimensional environment. The conceptual design of these hydrogels was motivated through theoretical modeling of the osmotic pressure changes occurring at the gel‐solution interfaces in an electric field. These electro‐mechanical matrices support survival, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. Thus, these new three‐dimensional in vitro synthetic matrices, which mimic multiple aspects of the native cellular environment, take us one step closer to in vivo systems.
3D Microperiodic Hydrogel Scaffolds for Robust Neuronal Cultures
Authors: Hanson Shepherd Jennifer N. , Parker Sara T. , Shepherd Robert F. , Gillette Martha U. , Lewis Jennifer A. , Nuzzo Ralph G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) microperiodic scaffolds of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) have been fabricated by direct‐write assembly of a photopolymerizable hydrogel ink. The ink is initially composed of physically entangled pHEMA chains dissolved in a solution of HEMA monomer, comonomer, photoinitiator and water. Upon printing 3D scaffolds of varying architecture, the ink filaments are exposed to UV light, where they are transformed into an interpenetrating hydrogel network of chemically cross‐linked and physically entangled pHEMA chains. These 3D microperiodic scaffolds are rendered growth compliant for primary rat hippocampal neurons by absorption of polylysine. Neuronal cells thrive on these scaffolds, forming differentiated, intricately branched networks. Confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals that both cell distribution and extent of neuronal process alignment depend upon scaffold architecture. This work provides an important step forward in the creation of suitable platforms for in vitro study of sensitive cell types.
Macrocephaly–capillary malformation: Analysis of 13 patients and review of the diagnostic criteria
Authors: Martínez‐Glez Víctor , Romanelli Valeria , Mori María A. , Gracia Ricardo , Segovia Mabel , González‐Meneses Antonio , López‐Gutierrez Juan C. , Gean Esther , Martorell Loreto , Lapunzina Pablo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMacrocephaly–capillary malformation (M‐CM) is a genetic syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by an enlarged head circumference and patchy, reticular capillary malformation. We describe the clinical features of 13 cases, report on the genome‐wide Copy Number Variation characterization of these patients, analyze the main clinical features of this syndrome and propose a modification of the current diagnostic criteria: the inclusion of both overgrowth/asymmetry and neuroimaging alterations as major criteria. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A partial hominoid humerus from the middle miocene of Castell de Barberà (Vallès‐Penedès Basin, Catalonia, Spain)
Authors: Alba David M. , Moyà‐Solà Salvador , Almécija Sergio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe hominoid right partial humerus IPS4334, from the middle Miocene (MN 8) of Castell de Barberà (Vallès‐Penedès Basin, Catalonia, Spain), is described. It preserves the mid‐distal portion of the shaft until the proximal margins of the radial and coronoid fossae, as well as the proximal portion of the olecranon fossa; the capitulum, the trochlea and the two epicondyles are missing. Although morphological comparisons are restricted, available evidence indicates that IPS4334 is more derived towards the modern hominoid condition than the Klein Hadersdorf specimen attributed to Griphopithecus (ca. 13–14 Ma), thus being most similar (except for its larger size and greater robusticity) to the presumably juvenile specimen of Dryopithecus fontani from Saint Gaudens in France (ca. 11–12 Ma). On the basis of shaft measurements and allometric regressions derived for extant hominoids, a body mass estimate around 50 kg is derived for IPS4334. Morphological similarities with the Saint Gaudens specimen, together with the large body mass estimate, suggest a tentative attribution of IPS4334 to cf. D. fontani, which is the largest hominoid taxon so far recorded from the Vallès‐Penedès Basin. The larger size and higher robusticity of IPS4334 as compared to the Saint Gaudens specimen might be explained by the juvenile status of the latter and/or sexual dimorphism. When both specimens are considered together with a partial femur from Abocador de Can Mata, D. fontani emerges as a less suspensory ape than the late Miocene Hispanopithecus, the locomotor repertoire of the former emphasizing climbing, but still displaying a significant quadrupedal component. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced stiffness of alveolar bone in the colobine mandible
Authors: Daegling David J. , Granatosky Michael C. , McGraw W. Scott , Rapoff Andrew J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlveolar bone has several mechanical functions, including tooth support and accommodation of occlusal and other masticatory forces. Its unique functional‐mechanical environment is reflected by its structural characteristics, but whether alveolar bone is materially distinct from bone elsewhere in the primate facial skeleton is uncertain. This uncertainty is attributable not only to a limited amount of data but also to conflicting findings among these data. We evaluated elastic modulus variation in the mandibular corpus of eight adult specimens of the monkeys Procolobus badius and Colobus polykomos via microindentation to evaluate whether alveolar bone is more compliant than basal bone and to quantify patterns of variation between sexes and species. We sampled Vickers hardness from six serial transverse sections and one coronal section from both the alveolar process and the basal corpus. Hardness values were converted to elastic modulus via regressions specific for bone tissue. Analysis of variance reveals that a plurality of variation is found on a regional scale; i.e., alveolar bone is more compliant than adjacent basal bone. Species affiliation and sex are not significant sources of variation. These findings support a hypothesis that compliance of alveolar bone represents a material solution for avoiding large stress concentrations arising from occlusal loads. Other comparative data suggest important differences between colobine and cercopithecine mandibles in terms of bone stiffness, both overall and in terms of relative stiffness of alveolar and basal cortical bone. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technical note: A re‐evaluation of stature estimation from skeletal length in the grave
Authors: Petersen Hans Chr. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSeveral methods for stature estimation have been proposed over the years. Among these methods is anatomical reconstruction, regression based on long bone lengths, and measuring skeletal vertex ‐ talus length in the grave for individuals buried in a supine position. Recent studies have dealt with the applicability of skeletal length in the grave (Petersen: Int J Osteoarchaeol 15 (2005) 106–114) and anatomical reconstruction (Raxter et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 130 (2006) 374–384). The results from the latter study calls into question the results of the former study. Therefore an investigation of the potential bias of using skeletal length in the grave as an estimate of living stature has been performed. Twenty Medieval Danish skeletons were measured both in situ and in the laboratory, and the anatomically reconstructed stature (Raxter et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 130 (2006) 374–384) was compared with the skeletal length in the grave. The results show that 2.5 cm should be added to skeletal length in the grave in order to obtain an unbiased estimate ofliving stature. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.