bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immature characteristics of the East Anatolian Fault Zone from SAR, GNSS and strong motion data of the 2023 Türkiye–Syria earthquake doublet
Authors: Liu Jiao , Huang Chuanchao , Zhang Guohong , Shan Xinjian , Korzhenkov Andrey , Taymaz Tuncay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOn February 6, 2023, an Mw 7.9 earthquake occurred in the western section of the East Anatolia Fault Zone (EAFZ). It was subsequently followed by an Mw 7.7 earthquake on the northern branch of the EAFZ, known as the Sürgü Fault Zone. Coseismic deformation fields were derived for these earthquakes using joint evaluation of near-field strong motion data, Global Navigation Satellite System data, and Synthetic Aperture Radar datasets. The coseismic slip distribution model was determined through the joint kinematic finite fault inversion. The Mw 7.9 earthquake was a left-lateral strike-slip event, predominantly occurring at depths up to 20 km. The earthquake displayed three distinct asperities that correlate well with bends and stepovers along the EAFZ. The Mw 7.7 earthquake also exhibited left-lateral strike-slip characteristics, with a major asperity along the Çardak Fault featuring a maximum slip of approximately 9.5 m at depths between 0 and 24 km. The occurrence of this unanticipated large Mw 7.9 catastrophic seismic event on a fault with low-intermediate structural maturity is noteworthy. In the vicinity of immature faults with multiple jogs, stress tends to accumulate at barrier locations. When the accumulated stress near several adjacent barriers reaches a certain threshold, it may result in the transformation of multiple barriers into asperities, triggering cascading ruptures.
Exercise ameliorates muscular excessive mitochondrial fission, insulin resistance and inflammation in diabetic rats via irisin/AMPK activation
Authors: Lin Junjie , Zhang Xin , Sun Yu , Xu Haocheng , Li Nan , Wang Yuanxin , Tian Xin , Zhao Chen , Wang Bin , Zhu Baishu , Zhao Renqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on excessive mitochondrial fission, insulin resistance, and inflammation in the muscles of diabetic rats. The role of the irisin/AMPK pathway in regulating exercise effects was also determined. Thirty-two 8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): one control group (Con) and three experimental groups. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in the experimental groups via a high-fat diet followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dosage of 30 mg/kg body weight. After T2DM induction, groups were assigned as sedentary (DM), subjected to 8 weeks of treadmill exercise training (Ex), or exercise training combined with 8-week cycloRGDyk treatment (ExRg). Upon completion of the last training session, all rats were euthanized and samples of fasting blood and soleus muscle were collected for analysis using ELISA, immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and differences between two groups were assessed using t-tests. Our findings demonstrate that exercise training markedly ameliorated hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and insulin resistance in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). It also mitigated the disarranged morphology and inflammation of skeletal muscle associated with T2DM (p < 0.05). Crucially, exercise training suppressed muscular excessive mitochondrial fission in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats (p < 0.05), and enhanced irisin and p-AMPK levels significantly (p < 0.05). However, exercise-induced irisin and p-AMPK expression were inhibited by cycloRGDyk treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the administration of CycloRGDyk blocked the effects of exercise training in reducing excessive mitochondrial fission and inflammation in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats, as well as the positive effects of exercise training on improving hyperlipidemia and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). These results indicate that regular exercise training effectively ameliorates insulin resistance and glucolipid metabolic dysfunction, and reduces inflammation in skeletal muscle. These benefits are partially mediated by reductions in mitochondrial fission through the irisin/AMPK signalling pathway.
Multi-condition simulation analysis of a sliding hydraulic support system based on elastoplastic mechanics
Authors: Wang Changji , Wang Wanting , Guo Yu , Zhao Dewang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn response to the challenges of supporting fractured and weak surrounding rock in deep coal mines in the Huainan region of China, a self-moving hydraulic support system for roof support was designed and developed. This innovative solution addresses the difficulties encountered in providing continuous support to roof structures. Based on the theory of elastoplastic mechanics, a numerical analysis model was established to calculate the mechanical parameters such as the displacement, stress, and strain of hydraulic supports during the stepping process under multiple operating conditions. The results of the numerical simulation were compared and verified with those from an actual working site. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress is 245.33 MPa for operating condition 1, 246.82 MPa for operating condition 2, and 245.27 MPa for operating condition 3. The maximum stress values under the three working conditions do not exceed the yield strength of the material, satisfying the requirements for normal bracket support operations. These research findings can establish a theoretical framework for the comprehensive assessment of the reliability and stability of hydraulic supports and the optimization of construction processes.
Differential expression analysis identifies a prognostically significant extracellular matrix–enriched gene signature in hyaluronan-positive clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Jokelainen Otto , Rintala Teemu J. , Fortino Vittorio , Pasonen-Seppänen Sanna , Sironen Reijo , Nykopp Timo K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) accumulation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is associated with poor prognosis; however, its biology and role in tumorigenesis are unknown. RNA sequencing of 48 HA-positive and 48 HA-negative formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG). The DEGs were subjected to pathway and gene enrichment analyses. The Cancer Genome Atlas Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-KIRC) data and DEGs were used for the cluster analysis. In total, 129 DEGs were identified. HA-positive tumors exhibited enhanced expression of genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and ECM receptor interaction pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that epithelial–mesenchymal transition-associated genes were highly enriched in the HA-positive phenotype. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed, and 17 hub genes were discovered. Heatmap analysis of TCGA-KIRC data identified two prognostic clusters corresponding to HA-positive and HA-negative phenotypes. These clusters were used to verify the expression levels and conduct survival analysis of the hub genes, 11 of which were linked to poor prognosis. These findings enhance our understanding of hyaluronan in ccRCC.
A novel anti-LAG-3/TIGIT bispecific antibody exhibits potent anti-tumor efficacy in mouse models as monotherapy or in combination with PD-1 antibody
Authors: Dai Tongcheng , Sun Hao , Liban Tyler , Vicente-Suarez Ildefonso , Zhang Bin , Song Yongping , Jiang Zhongxing , Yu Jifeng , Sheng Jackie , Lv Binhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report the generation of a novel anti-LAG-3/TIGIT bispecific IgG4 antibody, ZGGS15, and evaluated its anti-tumor efficacy in mouse models as monotherapy or in combination with a PD-1 antibody. ZGGS15 exhibited strong affinities for human LAG-3 and TIGIT, with KDs of 3.05 nM and 2.65 nM, respectively. ZGGS15 has EC50s of 0.69 nM and 1.87 nM for binding to human LAG-3 and TIGIT on CHO-K1 cells, respectively. ZGGS15 competitively inhibited the binding of LAG-3 to MHC-II (IC50 = 0.77 nM) and the binding of TIGIT to CD155 (IC50 = 0.24 nM). ZGGS15 does not induce ADCC, CDC, or obvious cytokine production. In vivo results showed that ZGGS15 had better anti-tumor inhibition than single anti-LAG-3 or anti-TIGIT agents and demonstrated a synergistic effect when combined with nivolumab, with a significantly higher tumor growth inhibition of 95.80% (p = 0.001). The tumor volume inhibition rate for ZGGS15 at 2 mg/kg was 69.70%, and for ZGGS15 at 5 mg/kg plus nivolumab at 1 mg/kg, it was 94.03% (p < 0.001). Our data reveal that ZGGS15 exhibits potent anti-tumor efficacy without eliciting ADCC or CDC or causing cytokine production, therefore having a safe profile.
Mechanical and vibrational behaviors of bilayer hexagonal boron nitride in different stacking modes
Authors: Zhao Demin , Fang Kexin , Lian Zhilong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a semiconductor material with a wide band gap, which has great potential to serve as a nanoresonators in microelectronics and mass and force sensing fields. This paper investigates the mechanical properties and natural frequencies of bilayer h-BN nanosheets under five different stacking modes, which have been rarely studied, using molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanical properties, including Young’s modulus, the ultimate stress, ultimate strain, Poisson’s ratio and shear modulus, are studied for all five stacking modes. And the effects of strain rate, crystal orientation and temperature to bilayer h-BN nanosheets’ tensile properties have also been studied. Our findings suggest that bilayer h-BN nanosheets are basically an anisotropic material whose tensile properties vary substantially with stacking modes and temperature. Moreover, the natural frequencies are proposed in an explicit form based on the nonlocal theory. The differences of the fundamental natural frequencies among different stacking modes are affected by the constraint condition of bilayer h-BN sheet. The theory results match well with the simulation results. These findings establish elementary understandings of the mechanical behavior and vibration character of bilayer h-BN nanosheets under five different stacking modes, which could benefit its application in advanced nanodevices.
Investigating the relationship between hippocampus/dentate gyrus volume and hypothalamus metabolism in participants with major depressive disorder
Authors: Lin Karen , Sunko Daniel , Wang Junying , Yang Jie , Parsey Ramin V. , DeLorenzo Christine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReduced hippocampal volume occurs in major depressive disorder (MDD), potentially due to elevated glucocorticoids from an overactivated hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. To examine this in humans, hippocampal volume and hypothalamus (HPA axis) metabolism was quantified in participants with MDD before and after antidepressant treatment. 65 participants (n = 24 males, n = 41 females) with MDD were treated in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial of escitalopram. Participants received simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after treatment. Linear mixed models examined the relationship between hippocampus/dentate gyrus volume and hypothalamus metabolism. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression examined the association between hippocampus/dentate gyrus volume change direction and hypothalamus activity change direction with treatment. Multiple linear regression compared these changes between remitter and non-remitter groups. Covariates included age, sex, and treatment type. No significant linear association was found between hippocampus/dentate gyrus volume and hypothalamus metabolism. 62% (38 of 61) of participants experienced a decrease in hypothalamus metabolism, 43% (27 of 63) of participants demonstrated an increase in hippocampus size (51% [32 of 63] for the dentate gyrus) following treatment. No significant association was found between change in hypothalamus activity and change in hippocampus/dentate gyrus volume, and this association did not vary by sex, medication, or remission status. As this multimodal study, in a cohort of participants on standardized treatment, did not find an association between hypothalamus metabolism and hippocampal volume, it supports a more complex pathway between hippocampus neurogenesis and hypothalamus metabolism changes in response to treatment.
Resonant Akhmediev breathers
Authors: Chowdury Amdad , Tan Dawn T. H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractModulation instability is a phenomenon in which a minor disturbance within a carrier wave gradually amplifies over time, leading to the formation of a series of compressed waves with higher amplitudes. In terms of frequency analysis, this process results in the generation of new frequencies on both sides of the original carrier wave frequency. We study the impact of fourth-order dispersion on this modulation instability in the context of nonlinear optics that lead to the formation of a series of pulses in the form of Akhmediev breather. The Akhmediev breather, a solution to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, precisely elucidates how modulation instability produces a sequence of periodic pulses. We observe that when weak fourth-order dispersion is present, significant resonant radiation occurs, characterized by two modulation frequencies originating from different spectral bands. As an Akhmediev breather evolves, these modulation frequencies interact, resulting in a resonant amplification of spectral sidebands on either side of the breather. When fourth-order dispersion is of intermediate strength, the spectral bandwidth of the Akhmediev breather diminishes due to less pronounced resonant interactions, while stronger dispersion causes the merging of the two modulation frequency bands into a single band. Throughout these interactions, we witness a complex energy exchange process among the phase-matched frequency components. Moreover, we provide a precise explanation for the disappearance of the Akhmediev breather under weak fourth-order dispersion and its resurgence with stronger values. Our study demonstrates that Akhmediev breathers, under the influence of fourth-order dispersion, possess the capability to generate infinitely many intricate yet coherent patterns in the temporal domain.
Effect of hyperthermia on simulated muscle activation in female when crossing obstacle
Authors: Wang I.-Lin , Gu Chin-Yi , Lei Tze-Huan , Su Yu , Yao Shun , Mündel Toby , Mo Shiwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is well known that hyperthermia greatly impairs neuromuscular function and dynamic balance. However, whether a greater level of hyperthermia could potentially alter the lower limb simulated muscle activation when crossing an obstacle in female participants remains unknown. Therefore we examined the effect of a systematic increase in oral temperature on lower limb simulated muscle activation when crossing an obstacle in female participants. Eighteen female participants were recruited where they underwent a control trial (Con) and two progressive passive heating trials with Δ 1°C and Δ 2°C increase of oral temperature (Toral) using a 45°C water bath. In each trial, we assessed lower limb simulated muscle activation when crossing an obstacle height of 10%, 20%, and 30% of the participant’s leg length and toe-off, toe-above-obstacle and heel-strike events were identified and analyzed. In all events, the lower limb simulated muscle activation were greater in Δ2°C than Δ1°C and Con when both leading and trailing limbs crossed the obstacle height of 20% and 30% leg length (all p < 0.001). However, the lower limb simulated muscle activation were not different between Δ1°C and Con across all obstacle heights (p > 0.05). This study concluded that a greater level of hyperthermia resulted in a greater lower limb simulated muscle activation to ensure safety and stability when females cross an obstacle height of 20% leg length or higher.
Counterfactual thinking induces different neural patterns of memory modification in anxious individuals
Authors: Huang Shenyang , Faul Leonard , Parikh Natasha , LaBar Kevin S. , De Brigard Felipe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEpisodic counterfactual thinking (eCFT) is the process of mentally simulating alternate versions of experiences, which confers new phenomenological properties to the original memory and may be a useful therapeutic target for trait anxiety. However, it remains unclear how the neural representations of a memory change during eCFT. We hypothesized that eCFT-induced memory modification is associated with changes to the neural pattern of a memory primarily within the default mode network, moderated by dispositional anxiety levels. We tested this proposal by examining the representational dynamics of eCFT for 39 participants varying in trait anxiety. During eCFT, lateral parietal regions showed progressively more distinct activity patterns, whereas medial frontal neural activity patterns became more similar to those of the original memory. Neural pattern similarity in many default mode network regions was moderated by trait anxiety, where highly anxious individuals exhibited more generalized representations for upward eCFT (better counterfactual outcomes), but more distinct representations for downward eCFT (worse counterfactual outcomes). Our findings illustrate the efficacy of examining eCFT-based memory modification via neural pattern similarity, as well as the intricate interplay between trait anxiety and eCFT generation.
Energy‐efficient switching method using input‐swapping for high‐resolution successive approximation register analog‐to‐digital converters
Authors: Kocak Serhat , Akin Tayfun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an energy‐efficient digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) switching method with low common‐mode variations for high‐resolution successive approximation register (SAR) analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs), while enabling to implement resolutions such as 14‐bit as compared to the typical 10‐bit. The proposed switching method enables high resolution by having a nearly constant common‐mode voltage and employing input‐swapping to use the reference voltage (Vref) only in the sampling phase. This method eliminates the need for the third reference voltage during the entire DAC switching steps, which reduces the required number of switches at the bottom plates of the capacitors. The use of lower number of switches not only lowers the DAC control logic complexity, but also results in a faster operation, lower power, and smaller area. When compared to conventional 10‐bit SAR ADCs, the proposed switching method in a 10‐bit implementation reduces the average energy and area by 96.09% and 75%, respectively, while offering high‐resolution implementation options such as 14 bits.
Development and validation of a TaqMan-based qPCR assay for reliable detection of invasive sailfin catfishes (Pterygoplichthys spp.) through measurements of environmental DNA
Authors: Desai Chena , Kartikey  , Mallick Suman , Sundaray Jitendra Kumar , Ghosal Ratna 
Published: May 2024

Sailfin catfishes (Pterygoplichthys spp.) are a group of fishes introduced to several freshwater habitats across the globe. Sailfin catfishes are a hard-armoured fish with no economic importance as a food species. These catfishes have been reported to be affecting the growth of several economically valuable species that are native to different freshwater ecosystems. In this manuscript, we developed a TaqMan-based assay targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene, to specifically detect the presence of catfishes by environmental DNA (eDNA) measurements. The developed assay was screened against 16 species of fish and mussel that co-occur in the habitats along with sailfin catfishes, and the qPCR reaction did not have any non-target amplifications. The assay was further validated under laboratory conditions by measuring eDNA from tanks having different biomass of catfishes (1 and 0.5 g L−1), and the copy number of the amplified product was directly proportional to the biomass maintained in the tanks. Overall, the study provides a robust molecular tool based on eDNA measurements to facilitate detection of invasive sailfin catfishes and, in turn, contributes towards the management of the invaded habitats.
Tidal forces in Kerr-AdS and Grey galaxies
Authors: Balivada Anand , Ranjan Padhi Pius , Virmani Amitabh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In a recent paper (Kim et al 2023 arXiv:2305.08922 [hep-th]), it has been proposed that the endpoint of the Kerr-AdS superradiant instability is a Grey Galaxy. The conjectured solutions are supposed to be made up of a black hole with critical angular velocity in the centre of AdS, surrounded by a large flat disk of thermal bulk gas that revolves around the black hole. In the analysis of the proposed solutions so far, gravitational effects due to the black hole on the thermal gas have been neglected. A way to estimate these effects is via computing tidal forces. With this motivation, we study tidal forces on objects moving in the Kerr-AdS spacetime. To do so, we construct a parallel-transported orthonormal frame along an arbitrary timelike or null geodesic. We then specialise to the class of fast rotating geodesics lying in the equatorial plane, and estimate tidal forces on the gas in the Grey galaxies, modelling it as a collection of particles moving on timelike geodesics. We show that the tidal forces are small (and remain small even in the large mass limit), thereby providing additional support to the idea that the gas is weakly interacting with the black hole.
Geometric interpretation of Tensor-Vector-Scalar theory in a Kaluza–Klein reference fluid
Authors: Andersen Timothy D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Gravitational alternatives to dark matter require additional fields or assumptions beyond general relativity while continuing to agree with tight solar system constraints. Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), for example, predicts the Tully–Fisher relation for galaxies more accurately than dark matter models while limiting to Newtonian gravity in the solar system. On the other hand, MOND does a poor job predicting larger scale observations such as the cosmic microwave background and Matter Power Spectra. Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) theory is a relativistic generalization of MOND that accounts for these observations without dark matter. In this paper, a generalized TeVeS from Kaluza–Klein theory in one extra dimension is derived as a consequence of n = 0 Kaluza–Klein modes. In the KK theory, MOND is a special case of a slicing condition in the 5D Arnowitt–Deser–Misner formalism enforced by a reference fluid as in the Isham-Kuchař method which may arise from a broken displacement symmetry. This has two benefits: first is means that TeVeS is compatible with Kaluza–Klein dark matter theory, which is a strong candidate for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, the other is that it provides an elegant mechanism for the scalar and vector fields. It constrains most of the freedom in the definition of TeVeS which does not have a field theoretic motivation. This is important because the Kaluza–Klein theory predicts that spin-2 tensor modes must propagate at the speed of light, in agreement with observation, from theoretical constraints while TeVeS has to match this observation empirically. Furthermore, it provides a symmetry breaking motivation for the interpolating function in MOND.