bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing manganese efflux using SEA0400 and cardiacT1‐mapping manganese‐enhanced MRI in a murine model
Authors: Waghorn Ben , Yang Yuhui , Baba Akemichi , Matsuda Toshio , Schumacher Autumn , Yanasak Nathan , Hu Tom C.‐C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX) is one of the transporters contributing to the control of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration by normally mediating net Ca2+efflux. However, the reverse mode of the NCX can cause intracellular Ca2+concentration overload, which exacerbates the myocardial tissue injury resulting from ischemia. Although the NCX inhibitor SEA0400 has been shown to therapeutically reduce myocardial injury, noin vivotechnique exists to monitor intracellular Ca2+fluctuations produced by this drug. Cardiac manganese‐enhanced MRI (MEMRI) may indirectly assess Ca2+efflux by estimating changes in manganese (Mn2+) contentin vivo, since Mn2+has been suggested as a surrogate marker for Ca2+. This study used the MEMRI technique to examine the temporal features of cardiac Mn2+efflux by implementing aT1‐mapping method and inhibiting the NCX with SEA0400. The change in1H2O longitudinal relaxation rate, ΔR1, in the left ventricular free wall, was calculated at different time points following infusion of 190 nmol/g manganese chloride (MnCl2) in healthy adult male mice. The results showed 50% MEMRI signal attenuation at 3.4 ± 0.6 h post‐MnCl2infusion without drug intervention. Furthermore, treatment with 50 ± 0.2 mg/kg of SEA0400 significantly reduced the rate of decrease in ΔR1. At 4.9–5.9 h post‐MnCl2infusion, the average ΔR1values for the two groups treated with SEA0400 were 2.46 ± 0.29 and 1.72 ± 0.24 s−1for 50 and 20 mg/kg doses, respectively, as compared to the value of 1.27 ± 0.28 s−1for the control group. When thisin vivodata were compared toex vivoabsolute manganese content data, the MEMRIT1‐mapping technique was shown to effectively quantify Mn2+efflux rates in the myocardium. Therefore, combining an NCX inhibitor with MEMRI may be a useful technique for assessing Mn2+transport mechanisms and ratesin vivo, which may reflect changes in Ca2+transport. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the proximal tubular function in individuals with primary renal hypouricemia: an NMR‐based metabonomic study
Authors: Tzovaras Vasilios T. , Psychogios Nikolaos G. , Kostara Christina E. , Bairaktari Eleni T. , Elisaf Moses S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPrimary renal hypouricemia (PRH) refers to a rare condition of increased renal urate clearance, caused by an isolated inborn error of membrane transport of urate in the renal proximal tubule. Several cases of exercise‐induced acute renal failure and urolithiasis have been reported. This is the first study that assessed tubular function in PRH using NMR‐based metabonomic urine analysis. The study groups consisted of 36 unrelated asymptomatic subjects with PRH, defined as serum uric acid levels (sUA) <2.5 mg/dL and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) >10%, after exclusion of diseases and drugs that may affect urate homeostasis, and 39 sex and age‐matched healthy individuals with normal sUA levels (>4.0 mmol/L) and FEUA<10%. Individuals with primary hypouricemia presented similar biochemical profiles to the controls without significant differences with regard to FE of electrolytes and renal threshold for phosphate excretion. Individuals with primary hypouricemia were differentiated from healthy individuals in the orthogonal signal correction/partial least‐squares–discriminant analysis models of the NMR data with a statistically significant separation. The components that contributed to this separation were the lower levels of hippurate, creatinine, and trimethylaminoxide, and the higher levels of phenylalanine, alanine, glycine, glutamate, acetate, and of an unidentified metabolite (3.3 ppm) observed in hypouricemic subjects compared with controls. Primary hypouricemia, though considered an isolated renal tubular defect, is often associated with a more generalized proximal tubular disorder that mimics a partial Fanconi syndrome. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐acetyl resonances in in vivo and in vitro NMR spectroscopy of cystic ovarian tumors
Authors: Kolwijck Eva , Engelke Udo F. , van der Graaf Marinette , Heerschap Arend , Blom Henk J. , Hadfoune M'Hamed , Buurman Wim A. , Massuger Leon F. , Wevers Ron A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn unassigned and prominent resonance in the region from δ 2.0–2.1 ppm has frequently been found in the in vivo MR spectra of cancer patients. We demonstrated the presence of this resonance with in vivo MRS in the cyst fluid of a patient with an ovarian tumor. 1H‐NMRS on the aspirated cyst fluid of this patient confirmed the observation. A complex of resonances was observed between 2.0 and 2.1 ppm. It was also present in 11 additional ovarian cyst fluid samples randomly chosen from our biobank. The resonance complex was significantly more prominent in samples from mucinous tumors than in samples from other histological subtypes. A macromolecule (>10 kDa) was found responsible for this complex of resonances. A correlation spectroscopy (COSY) experiment revealed cross peaks of two different types of bound sialic acid suggesting that N‐glycans from glycoproteins and/or glycolipids cause this resonance complex. In the literature, plasma α‐1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), known for its high content of N‐linked glycans, has been suggested to contribute to the δ 2.0–2.1 spectral region. The AGP cyst fluid concentration did not correlate significantly with the peak height of the δ 2.0–2.1 resonance complex in our study. AGP may be partly responsible for the resonance complex but other N‐acetylated glycoproteins and/or glycolipids also contribute. After deproteinization of the cyst fluid, N‐acetyl‐L‐aspartic acid (NAA) was found to contribute significantly to the signal in this spectral region in three of the 12 samples. GC‐MS independently confirmed the presence of NAA in high concentration in the three samples, which all derived from benign serous tumors. We conclude that both NAA and N‐acetyl groups from glycoproteins and/or glycolipids may contribute to the δ 2.0–2.1 ppm resonance complex in ovarian cyst fluid. This spectral region seems to contain resonances from biomarkers that provide relevant clinical information on the type of ovarian tumor. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interface dynamic stiffness matrix approach for three‐dimensional transient multi‐region boundary element analysis
Authors: Pereira A. , Beer G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA novel substructuring method is developed for the coupling of boundary element and finite element subdomains in order to model three‐dimensional multi‐region elastodynamic problems in the time domain. The proposed procedure is based on the interface stiffness matrix approach for static multi‐region problems using variational principles together with the concept of Duhamel integrals. Unit impulses are applied at the boundary of each region in order to evaluate the impulse response matrices of the Duhamel (convolution) integrals. Although the method is not restricted to a special discretization technique, the regions are discretized using the boundary element method combined with the convolution quadrature method. This results in a time‐domain methodology with the advantages of performing computations in the Laplace domain, which produces very accurate and stable results as verified on test examples. In addition, the assembly of the boundary element regions and the coupling to finite elements are greatly simplified and more efficient. Finally, practical applications in the area of soil–structure interaction and tunneling problems are shown. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On stable implicit difference scheme for hyperbolic–parabolic equations in a Hilbert space
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Ozdemir Yildirim 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe first‐order of accuracy difference scheme for approximately solving the multipoint nonlocal boundary value problem

for the differential equation in a Hilbert space H, with self‐adjoint positive definite operator A is presented. The stability estimates for the solution of this difference scheme are established. In applications, the stability estimates for the solution of difference schemes of the mixed type boundary value problems for hyperbolic–parabolic equations are obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Human remains from the Moravian Gravettian: morphology and taphonomy of additional elements from Dolní Vĕstonice II and Pavlov I
Authors: Trinkaus E. , Svoboda J. A. , Wojtal P. , Fišákova M. Nývltová , Wilczyński J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractZooarchaeological analysis of the earlier Mid Upper Paleolithic (MUP) (Pavlovian) assemblages from Dolní Vĕstonice II and Pavlov I, southern Moravia, have yielded 11 additional remains from Dolní Vĕstonice II (five of which may be associated) and 20 remains from Pavlov I (16 of which come from a pair of hands, Pavlov 31). These remains are those of early modern humans, albeit with a few generally archaic features. At least two of them represent very tall individuals, among the tallest known for the Upper Paleolithic. These remains also raise the question, previously posed, as to the nature of differential treatment of the dead among MUP humans, given the presence of ritual burials, isolated bones and (with Pavlov 31) selected associated anatomy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
dsoa: The implementation of a dynamic system optimization algorithm
Authors: Fabien Brian C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper describes the ANSI C/C++ computer program dsoa, which implements an algorithm for the approximate solution of dynamics system optimization problems. The algorithm is a direct method that can be applied to the optimization of dynamic systems described by index‐1 differential‐algebraic equations (DAEs). The types of problems considered include optimal control problems and parameter identification problems. The numerical techniques are employed to transform the dynamic system optimization problem into a parameter optimization problem by: (i) parameterizing the control input as piecewise constant on a fixed mesh, and (ii) approximating the DAEs using a linearly implicit Runge‐Kutta method. The resultant nonlinear programming (NLP) problem is solved via a sequential quadratic programming technique. The program dsoa is evaluated using 83 nontrivial optimal control problems that have appeared in the literature. Here we compare the performance of the algorithm using two different NLP problem solvers, and two techniques for computing the derivatives of the functions that define the problem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Full delayed state feedback pole assignment of discrete‐time time‐delay systems
Authors: Zhou Bin , Lam James , Duan Guang‐Ren 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of pole assignment of discrete‐time time delay system with delayed state feedback. The problem is solved in this paper by requiring that the maximal delay in the feedback equals the maximal delay of the open‐loop system. A necessary and sufficient condition guaranteeing the existence of a solution is presented. By using the augmentation technique, the pole assignment problem is then transformed to the problem of solving a linear matrix equation such that certain conditions are satisfied. To solve the linear equation problem, when the desired closed‐loop eigenvalues are not prescribed, a parametric approach using real arithmetic is presented by using polynomial matrices associated with the system matrices. When the desired closed‐loop eigenvalues are prescribed, singular value decomposition can be adopted to solve the linear matrix equation. Both approaches can provide full degree of freedom, which can be further utilized to accomplish some other design objects. The robust pole assignment problem is considered to demonstrate the advantages of the method. Numerical examples are employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New stability and stabilization methods for nonlinear systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Mahmoud Magdi S. , El Ferik Sami A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper establishes new robust delay‐dependent stability and stabilization methods for a class of nominally linear continuous‐time systems with time‐varying delays. The parameter uncertainties are convex‐bounded and the unknown nonlinearities are time‐varying perturbations satisfying Lipschitz conditions in the state and delayed state. An appropriate Lyapunov functional is constructed to exhibit the delay‐dependent dynamics via descriptor format. Delay‐dependent stability analysis is performed to characterize linear matrix inequalities (LMIs)‐based conditions under which the nominally linear delay system is robustly asymptotically stable with a γ‐level ℒ︁2‐gain. Then we design delay‐dependent feedback stabilization schemes: a static one based on state‐measurements and a dynamic one based on observer‐based output feedback. In both schemes, the closed‐loop feedback system enjoys the delay‐dependent asymptotic stability with a prescribed γ‐level ℒ︁2‐gain. The feedback gains are determined by convex optimization over LMIs. All the developed results are tested on a representative example. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid regression of lymphadenopathy upon rapamycin treatment in a child with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: Dragana Janić Mihailo , Dimitrije Brašanac Čedomir , Srđa Janković Jovan , Lidija Dokmanović Bogdan , Nada Krstovski Radmio , Nada Kraguljac Kurtović Janko 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAutoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a genetic disorder of the immune system caused by inadequate induction of apoptosis via the Fas pathway, mainly characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and autoimmune cytopenias, as well as increased risk of lymphoma. Although the clinical course of ALPS is highly variable, without treatment long‐term prognosis is unsatisfactory for most patients. ALPS has been treated with most of the existing immunosuppressive agents, with variable success. We hereby present a case of a child with ALPS whose greatly enlarged lymph nodes rapidly regressed upon initiation of rapamycin, a novel potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of ALPS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1117–1119. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Septic arthritis as the initial manifestation of fatal Vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with thalassemia and iron overload
Authors: Kuo Chang‐Hung , Dai Zen‐Kong , Wu Jiunn‐Ren , Hsieh Tsyh‐Jyi , Hung Chih‐Hsing , Hsu Jong‐Hau 
Published: July 2009

AbstractVibrio vulnificus infection is an uncommon but potentially fatal disease in children such that prompt recognition has prognostic implications. We describe here the case of a 9‐year‐old female with thalassemia and iron overload who presented with septic arthritis as an atypical initial manifestation of fatal V. vulnificus septicemia. This report underscores the possibility of septic arthritis as an early manifestation of V. vulnificus septicemia. Pediatricians should be alert to this extremely invasive disease, especially in children with iron overload. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1156–1158. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functionalised multi‐walled carbon nanotubes for epoxy nanocomposites with improved performance
Authors: Armstrong Gordon , Ruether Manuel , Blighe Fiona , Blau Werner 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fast becoming key components in the production of high‐strength composite materials. Two methods to prepare nanocomposites by covalent bonding between an epoxy matrix and functionalised CNTs that acted as cross‐linkers during polymerisation were investigated.RESULTS: In the standard method, 1 wt% functionalised CNTs was dispersed in epoxy, hardener was added and the composite was cured. In the masterbatch approach, 1 wt% functionalised CNTs was mixed with epoxy in the presence of triethylamine accelerator, then cured. This yielded partially cured epoxy; additional hardener was required to achieve complete curing. Improvements were observed in storage modulus (E′), flexural modulus (EB), wear resistance and hardness. Thermal stability did not change appreciably for samples prepared by either the standard or masterbatch methods. Variations in the results obtained as a function of preparation method, functionalised CNTs and hardener used are discussed.CONCLUSION: Epoxy nanocomposites having improved mechanical properties were obtained by incorporating functionalised CNTs. Better interaction between the epoxy and CNT was achieved using the masterbatch method; this was attributed to covalent bonding between the CNTs and epoxy. However, optimisation of the CNTs, accelerator and hardener used in composite preparation is required to obtain improved physical properties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Unusually highly efficient, singlet state, visible light photoinitiators based on styrylbenzimidazolium phenyltributylborate photoredox pairs for vinyl monomers free radical polymerization
Authors: Pietrzak Marek , Jędrzejewska Beata , Pączkowski Jerzy 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this article, hemicyanine dye–borate complexes, for example, 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐[4‐(N,N‐dialkylamino)styryl]benzimidazolium phenyl‐tri‐n‐butylborates, were employed as the novel, very effective photoinitiators operating in the visible light region. The influence of the sensitizers and electron donor structure on the photopolymerization kinetics of multiacrylate monomer was investigated by photo‐DSC. The maximum photopolymerization quantum yield measured for 2‐ethyl‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐propanediol triacrylate (TMPTA) was about 67 for sample of thickness of about 1 mm under 100 mW/cm2 laser irradiation. It was found that the polymerization rate and the final conversion degree were depended on the dye structure. Moreover, the photoinitiating systems described gave a double bond conversion higher than the photoinitiator possessing as chromophore RBAX (Rose Bengal derivative), the common triplet state initiator. Additionally, the rate of photopolymerization depends on ΔGel of electron transfer between borate anion and styrylbenzimidazolium cation. This latter value was estimated for a series of styrylbenzimidazolium borate salts. The relationship between the rate of polymerization and the free energy of activation for electron transfer reaction gives the dependence predicted by the classical theory of electron transfer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4119–4129, 2009
Water soluble azido polyisocyanopeptides as functional β‐sheet mimics
Authors: Schwartz Erik , Koepf Matthieu , Kitto Heather J. , Espelt Mónica , Nebot‐Carda Vicent J. , De Gelder Rene , Nolte Roeland J. M. , Cornelissen Jeroen J. L. M. , Rowan Alan E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe design and synthesis of functional biomimetic water soluble polymers with a defined secondary structure has been developed using β‐sheet polyisocyanopeptide scaffolds. Water soluble isocyanopolymers were prepared by random copolymerisation of the azido functionalized isocyanopeptides with nonfunctionalised methyl ester isocyanides derived from alanine. Upon saponification of the latter function a rigid rod water soluble polymer was obtained with an accessible azide for postfunctionalization. The potential of these biomimetic polymers was successfully demonstrated by using the click chemistry reaction of these polymers with an acetylene functionalised rhodamine dye. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4150–4164, 2009
Antithetic function of alcohol in living cationic polymerization: From terminator/inhibitor to useful initiator
Authors: Nakatani Kazuhiro , Ouchi Makoto , Sawamoto Mitsuo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe employed alcohols as initiators for living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers and p‐methoxystyrene, coupled with tolerant Lewis acid, borontrifluoride etherate (BF3OEt2), although they were known to be poisonous reagent to bring about chain‐breaking such as chain transfer/termination rather than such beneficial one for propagation and polymerization‐control. As well known, without assistance of additive, ill‐defined polymers with broad molecular weight distributions (MWDs) were produced. Even addition of conventional oxygen‐based bases, for example, ethyl acetate (AcOEt), 1,4‐dioxane (DO), tetrahydrofran (THF), and diethyl ether (Et2O) was less efficient in this system to control molecular weights and MWDs (Mw/Mn > 2.0). In contrast, by addition of dimethyl sulfide (Me2S), MWDs of the resultant polymers became much narrower (Mw/Mn < 1.23) and the number‐average molecular weight (Mn) increased in direct proportion to monomer conversion in agreement with the calculated values assuming that one alcohol molecule generates one polymer chain. Studying changed feed‐ratio of alcohol to monomer and structural analyses with NMR and MALDI‐TOF‐MS indicated that quantitative initiation from alcohol giving alkoxide counteranion. This system opens a new way to use a variety of alcohols as initiators, which would allow us to design variety of structures and functions of counteranion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4194–4201, 2009
Dendronized supramolecular polymers self‐assembled from dendritic ionic liquids
Authors: Imam Mohammad R. , Peterca Mihai , Edlund Ulrica , Balagurusamy Venkatachalapathy S. K. , Percec Virgil 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe synthesis, structural, and retrostructural analysis of a library of self‐assembling dendrons containing triethyl and tripropyl ammonium, pyridinium and 3‐methylimidazolium chloride, tetrafluoroborate, and hexafluorophosphate at their apex are reported. These dendritic ionic liquids self‐assemble into supramolecular columns or spheres which self‐organize into 2D hexagonal or rectangular and 3D cubic or tetragonal liquid crystalline and crystalline lattices. Structural analysis by X‐ray diffraction experiments demonstrated the self‐assembly of supramolecular dendrimers containing columnar and spherical nanoscale ionic liquid reactors segregated in their core. Both in the supramolecular columns and spheres the noncovalent interactions mediated by the ionic liquid provide a supramolecular polymer and therefore, these assemblies represent a new class of dendronized supramolecular polymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4165–4193, 2009