bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Returning the love’, not ‘balancing the books’: talk about delayed reciprocity in supporting ageing parents
Authors: FUNK LAURA M. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA desire to ‘return’ or ‘pay back’ past care has been identified as a potential motivator of support provided by adult children to their ageing parents. The purpose of this study is to examine whether, how and in what ways adult children interpret and apply the concept of delayed reciprocity in filial relationships. Twenty-eight men and women supporting one or both ageing parent(s) in a Western Canadian city participated in a qualitative study of filial responsibility. Data were analysed interpretively, using thematic coding, contextualised reflection and guiding questions. Findings suggest delayed reciprocity is limited as an interpretive framework for describing parent support. Overall, comments reflected qualification or rejection of ‘paying back’ in the sense of a filial contract. Delayed reciprocity appears for most participants to symbolise imbalance, expectedness or obligation, and a lack of affection. In response, participants tended to reject delayed reciprocity in favour of interpretations emphasising mutuality, family role duties and reciprocated love. Findings are discussed in relation to interpretive purposes, symbolic meanings of parent support, participant characteristics and cultural contexts.
Environment perception based on LIDAR sensors for real road applications
Authors: García F. , Jiménez F. , Naranjo J. E. , Zato J. G. , Aparicio F. , Armingol J. M. , de la Escalera A. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYThe recent developments in applications that have been designed to increase road safety require reliable and trustworthy sensors. Keeping this in mind, the most up-to-date research in the field of automotive technologies has shown that LIDARs are a very reliable sensor family. In this paper, a new approach to road obstacle classification is proposed and tested. Two different LIDAR sensors are compared by focusing on their main characteristics with respect to road applications. The viability of these sensors in real applications has been tested, where the results of this analysis are presented.
On elementary loops of logic programs
Authors: GEBSER MARTIN , LEE JOOHYUNG , LIERLER YULIYA 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUsing the notion of an elementary loop, Gebser and Schaub (2005. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning (LPNMR'05), 53–65) refined the theorem on loop formulas attributable to Lin and Zhao (2004) by considering loop formulas of elementary loops only. In this paper, we reformulate the definition of an elementary loop, extend it to disjunctive programs, and study several properties of elementary loops, including how maximal elementary loops are related to minimal unfounded sets. The results provide useful insights into the stable model semantics in terms of elementary loops. For a nondisjunctive program, using a graph-theoretic characterization of an elementary loop, we show that the problem of recognizing an elementary loop is tractable. On the other hand, we also show that the corresponding problem is coNP-complete for a disjunctive program. Based on the notion of an elementary loop, we present the class of Head-Elementary-loop-Free (HEF) programs, which strictly generalizes the class of Head-Cycle-Free (HCF) programs attributable to Ben-Eliyahu and Dechter (1994. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 12, 53–87). Like an HCF program, an HEF program can be turned into an equivalent nondisjunctive program in polynomial time by shifting head atoms into the body.
Evolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data
Authors: Vahtera Varpu , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRelative to its diversity (34 genera, 700 species), Scolopendromorpha has been undersampled in molecular phylogenetic analyses compared with the other chilopod orders. Previous analyses based on morphology have not resolved several key controversies in systematics and evolutionary morphology unambiguously. Here we apply new molecular and morphological data to scolopendromorph phylogenetics, with a focus on the evolution of blindness. The taxonomic sample includes 19 genera, many lacking previous molecular data, and diverse, cosmopolitan genera of Scolopendridae are sampled by multiple species. Phylogenetic analysis with Direct Optimization used 94 morphological characters and ca. 4.5 kb of sequence data from two nuclear (18S and 28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial (16S rRNA and COI) loci. A single most‐parsimonious cladogram selected after sensitivity analyses resolves Scolopendromorpha as monophyletic, and divides it into a blind clade of three families (Plutoniumidae, Cryptopidae, Scolopocryptopidae) and its ocellate sister group, Scolopendridae. Some species‐rich, cosmopolitan genera (Cormocephalus, Otostigmus, Scolopendra) in Scolopendridae are non‐monophyletic, and in several instances (e.g. New and Old World Scolopendra) relationships are more congruent with geographical distributions than with traditional classifications. The tribe Asanadini is particularly subject to parameter‐sensitivity, nesting in the combined analysis within Scolopendrini but as sister to all other Scolopendrinae for molecular data alone. The total‐evidence tree unambiguously optimizes trunk segmentation: a 23‐segmented trunk has a single origin in the blind clade.© The Willi Hennig Society 2011.
Lack of evidence of CD40 ligand involvement in transfusion-related acute lung injury
Authors: Tuinman P R , Gerards M C , Jongsma G , Vlaar A P , Boon L , Juffermans N P 
Published: May 2011

Summary
Activated platelets have been implicated in playing a major role in transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), as platelets can trigger neutrophils, resulting in vascular damage. We hypothesized that binding of platelet CD40 ligand (CD40L) to endothelial CD40 is essential in the onset of TRALI. Mice were challenged with monoclonal major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1 antibody which induced TRALI, evidenced by pulmonary oedema, accompanied by significantly elevated bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) levels of total protein and elevated plasma levels of keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) compared to infusion of isotype antibody (all Ps &lt; 0·05). Treatment with ciglitazone, which inhibits platelet CD40L expression, had no effect on pulmonary and systemic inflammation compared to controls. In addition, treatment with anti-CD40L antibody, which antagonizes all CD40–CD40L interactions, also did not abrogate the TRALI reaction. Furthermore, levels of soluble CD40L were measured in a cohort of cardiac surgery patients, who were followed prospectively for the onset of TRALI after transfusion. Plasma levels of sCD40L at baseline and at time of developing TRALI did not differ between TRALI patients and controls (transfused cardiac surgery patients not developing acute lung injury) (275 ± 192 versus 258 ± 346 and 93 ± 82 versus 93 ± 123 pg/ml, respectively, not significant). In conclusion, these results do not support the idea that the CD40–CD40L interaction is involved in mediating TRALI.
Quantifying the risk of hypoglycaemia in children undergoing the glucagon stimulation test
Authors: Lim Song Hai , Vasanwala Rashida , Lek Ngee , Yap Fabian 
Published: May 2011

SummaryObjective  The low‐dose (15–30 μg/kg) glucagon stimulation test (GST) is assumed to be associated with fewer episodes of low blood glucose (BG). We aimed to quantify the risk of hypoglycaemia in children undergoing the low‐dose GST to evaluate their growth hormone status.Design and patients  Blood glucose fluctuations during the GST in 80 children (median age 8·7 years, 45 boys, 66 prepubertal) who received a median 20·5 μg/kg of intramuscular glucagon were reviewed.Measurements  The rate of (i) hypoglycaemia (BG < 3·3 mm), (ii) falling BG trend at the end of the GST (lower BG at 180 min than at 120 min), (iii) hypoglycaemia and falling BG trend at the end of the GST, and (iv) at‐risk patients (those with at least one of the three risks measures).Results  Twenty‐seven of the 80 children had hypoglycaemia during the GST. Twenty‐six children showed a falling BG trend at the end of the GST and were significantly younger than the other 54 children with a rising BG trend [5·1 (3·1–10·4) years vs 9·6 (5·4–11·8) years, P = 0·02]. Eight children had both a falling BG trend and hypoglycaemia at end of the test. Forty‐four children were at‐risk patients, and the odds ratio of being an at‐risk patient in those <8 years old was 2·63 (95% CI 1·06–6·57, P = 0·04).Conclusions  Hypoglycaemia is not uncommon during the low‐dose GST. Young children, especially those <8 years old, are particularly at risk. BG monitoring should be considered essential from a safety perspective.
Limited availability and higher cost of gluten‐free foods
Authors: Singh J. , Whelan K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:  A gluten‐free diet is the only treatment for patients with coeliac disease, although it can be burdensome to follow and result in inadequate nutrient intake. The cost and availability of a gluten‐free diet has been cited as a cause of incomplete dietary compliance; however, this has not been extensively investigated. The aim was to investigate the availability and cost of gluten‐free foods across a wide range of stores.Methods:  The availability and cost of 20 foods (both wheat‐based and everyday foods) was surveyed at 30 different stores across five different store categories. For each of the 20 foods, four products were selected (branded gluten‐free, cheapest gluten‐free, branded standard, cheapest standard) resulting in sampling of up to 80 products in each of the 30 stores.Results:  In general, there was limited availability of gluten‐free foods, with an average of 8.2 of the 20 (41%) foods being available in a gluten‐free version per store. Regular supermarkets had a greater availability (18.0/20, 90%), whereas budget supermarkets (1.8/20, 9%) and corner shops (1.8/20, 9%) had almost no gluten‐free versions (P < 0.001). All 10 gluten‐free versions of wheat‐based foods were more costly than their standard counterparts (76–518% more expensive; P < 0.001). Some gluten‐free versions of everyday foods were also more costly than standard counterparts (2–124%).Conclusions:  There is limited availability of gluten‐free foods and they are generally more expensive than their standard counterparts. This may impact on compliance to a gluten‐free diet, with potential nutritional and clinical consequences, together with an increased risk of complications.
Quality assessment of capture–recapture studies in resource‐limited countries
Authors: van Hest Rob , Grant Andrew , Abubakar Ibrahim 
Published: May 2011

SummaryObjectives  Resource‐limited countries often lack robust routine surveillance systems to accurately assess the burden of human attributes and diseases. In these settings capture‐recapture analysis can be an alternative tool to obtain prevalence and incidence rates. Performance of capture‐recapture analyses in resource‐limited countries has not been systematically reviewed.Methods  Systematic review of the performance of capture–recapture analyses in the categories of human attributes, non‐infectious and infectious diseases in resource‐limited countries, assessing individual study quality criteria and a minimum quality criterion per category, using PRISMA methodology.Results  A total of 1671 potentially relevant PubMed citations were screened, resulting in 52 eligible publications: 36% in human attributes, i.e. hidden populations, injuries and mortality; 48% in non‐infectious and 15% in infectious disease categories. Twenty‐one per cent of selected studies were from low income countries, 40% from lower‐middle‐income countries and 38% from upper‐middle‐income countries. Thirteen per cent achieved good individual study quality criteria, 25% were intermediate and 19% were poor. Of the good studies, six were performed on human attributes and one on a non‐infectious disease. The proportions of publications meeting the minimum quality criterion per category were 42%, 20% and 37%, respectively.Conclusions  Few capture–recapture studies in resource‐limited countries achieved good individual quality criteria and a minority met the minimum quality criterion per category. Capture–recapture techniques in these settings should be carefully considered and implemented rigorously and are not a panacea for strengthening of routine surveillance systems.
Effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotic on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and carcass composition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings
Authors: Mehrabi Z. , Firouzbakhsh F. , Jafarpour A. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a synbiotic (Biomin IMBO) on serum parameters and feeding efficiency in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. The fish with initial average weight of 4.59 ± 0.2 g were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments for two months. The dietary treatment (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg of diet) was supplemented with basal diet and non‐supplemented basal diet was used as control. After two months, all treatments supplemented with synbiotic showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in final mean weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, condition factor, food conversion efficiency and survival rate, compared to the control group. Among all supplemented treatments, the best result in terms of growth factors and survival was observed in the treatment supplemented with 1 g synbiotic per kilogram of diet. Furthermore, supplementation with symbiotic, specifically 1 and 1.5 g/kg, significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total serum protein, but there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in globulin content, albumin/globulin ratio, and triglyceride content among experimental treatments. In terms of body composition, carcass protein content of fish fed with synbiotic significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to the control. These results revealed that a feeding regime with synbiotic for two months led to a significant increase in growth performance, survival rate and feeding efficiency in rainbow trout fingerlings.
Bacterial symbiosis forming laminated iron‐rich deposits in Okuoku‐hachikurou hot spring, Akita Prefecture, Japan
Authors: TAKASHIMA CHIZURU , OKUMURA TOMOYO , NISHIDA SHIN , KOIKE HIROKO , KANO AKIHIRO 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBanded iron formations are the most characteristic of Archean–Paleoproterozoic sediment records. Laminated textures resembling banded iron formations can be observed in modern hot‐spring environments. Using sedimentological and microbiological techniques, we investigated the processes of laminar formation and considered the origin of lamination textures. An iron‐rich deposit at the Okuoku‐hachikurou hot spring in Japan exhibits sub‐millimeter laminations consisting of bacteria‐induced ferrihydrite and aragonite. The ferrihydrite particles are spherical and exhibit fine lamination, up to 100 µm thick in ferrihydrite‐rich parts. In aragonite‐rich parts, ferrihydrite particles form filamentous textures with diameters of 10–30 µm, but not laminations. Textural analysis using scanning electron microscopy and phylotype analysis using 16S rRNA indicated the bacterial contribution to ferrihydrite precipitation. A sheath‐like fabric showing a meshwork of nanometer‐order organic filaments, and sheath‐forming bacteria were observed in the deposit specimen etched by citric acid. Phylotype analysis detected in the iron‐rich deposits some bacterial types related to cyanobacteria, purple bacteria, and iron‐oxidizing bacteria. Iron‐oxidizing bacteria probably were responsible for precipitation of the ferrihydrite. Chemolithoautotrophic iron‐oxidizing bacteria are microaerophilic and thrive on Fe(II) in a redox gradient, but dissolved oxygen was not detected in the Okuoku‐hachikurou hot spring. Thus, a certain supply of oxygen is needed for metabolism of the microaerophilic iron‐oxidizing bacteria. The distribution of photosynthetic pigments in the iron‐rich parts indicates that the most likely source of oxygen is photosynthesis by cyanobacteria. This symbiotic relationship between cyanobacteria and iron‐oxidizing bacteria can explain the laminated texture of iron‐rich deposits in the Okuoku‐hachikurou hot spring. These laminations may reflect changes in photosynthetic intensity. There is presently some debate about the bacterial groups that may have played roles in precipitation of banded iron formations. This study presents a new bacterial model for iron precipitation and may provide a mechanism for sub‐millimeter laminations in banded iron formations deposited in shallow water.
Petrogenetic modeling of rock variety in the Khalkhab–Neshveh pluton, NW of Saveh, Iran
Authors: REZAEI‐KAHKHAEI MEHDI , ESMAEILY DARIUSH , CORFU FERNANDO 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe Khalkhab–Neshveh (KN) pluton is a part of Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc and was intruded into a covering of basalt and andesite of Eocene to early Miocene age. It is a medium to high‐K, metaluminous and I‐type pluton ranging in composition from quartz monzogabbro, through quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite, and granite. The KN rocks show subtle differentiation trends strongly controlled by clinopyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende, apatite, and titanite, where most major elements (except K2O) are negatively correlated with SiO2; and Al2O3, Na2O, Sr, Eu, and Y define curvilinear trends. Considering three processes of magmatic differentiation including mixing and/or mingling between basaltic and dacitic magmas, gravitational fractional crystallization and in situ crystallization revealed that the latter is the most likely process for the evolution of KN magma. This is supported by the occurrence of all rock types at the same level, the lack of mafic enclaves in the granitoid rocks, the curvilinear trends of Na2O, Sr, and Eu, and the constant ratios of (87Sr/86Sr)i from quartz monzodiorite to granite (0.70475 and 0.70471, respectively). In situ crystallization took place via accumulation of plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocrysts and concentration of these phases in the quartz monzogabbro and quartz monzodiorite at the margins of the intrusion at T ≥ 1050°C, and by filter pressing and fractionation of hornblende, plagioclase, and later biotite in the granitoids at T = ∼880°C.
Patterns of leaf asymmetry changes inPlantago majorL. (ssp.major) natural populations exposed to different environmental conditions
Authors: VELIČKOVIĆ MIROSLAVA , SAVIĆ TATJANA 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the present study, developmental stability of leaf traits was examined in three natural populations ofPlantago majorL. (ssp.major), representing two polluted environments (Karaburma and Zemun) and an unpolluted area (Crni Lug). Developmental stability was assessed as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). The magnitude of FA is believed to reflect differences in the ability of individuals to buffer their development in natural populations. We hypothesized that there are differences within characters and among characters in response to environmental conditions. Significant patterns of asymmetry correlations and asymmetry changes were detected both within characters and between characters. Themanovaresults revealed a significant effect of individual and a significant individual × environment interaction on actual asymmetry (logLi − logRi) and on the amount of asymmetry |(logLi − logRi)| for leaf width and vein distances within a leaf. Over time, statistically significant and positive correlations of the FA values were detected for each trait separately per sample (population). For both leaf traits, there were differences for (logLi − logRi) and |(logLi − logRi)| asymmetry values among individuals within samples in response to yearly variations. Statistically significant and negative correlations for (logLi − logRi) versus |(logLi − logRi)| asymmetries were detected for both leaf traits. In summary, our results highlight the importance of differences in the ability of individuals to buffer their development under different environmental conditions and point to the concept that developmental stability is character specific.
Biotic versus abiotic pollination in Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae)
Authors: AGUIAR JOÃO M.R.B.V. , PANSARIN LUDMILA M. , ACKERMAN JAMES D. , PANSARIN EMERSON R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGeographical variation in the reproductive biology of widespread species often occurs at their distributional boundaries. We sought to determine whether such variation has occurred in an invasive orchid, Oeceoclades maculata, across its naturalized range. We compared its reproductive biology in a Brazilian population with that published for a population on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. In the state of São Paulo, O. maculata flowers between December and February, at the height of the rainy season. Similar fruit sets were observed in manual self (76%) and cross (70.4%) pollination treatments. The fruit set of plants protected from both pollinators and rainfall was 6.1%, whereas plants exposed only to rainfall had a fruit set of 41.4%, slightly less than the controls (48.3%). Like the Puerto Rico population, reproduction is primarily through rain‐assisted autogamy, but unlike observations made on the island, outcrossing can eventually occur. We observed two butterfly species (Heliconius ethilla narcaea and Heliconius erato phyllis) pollinating O. maculata. Secretory epidermal cells and trichomes of the spur lumen produced 0.7 µL of 25% (sucrose equivalents) nectar per flower each morning, which was stored in a dilated basal portion of the spur and reabsorbed by the afternoon. Thus, geographical variation in reproductive biology exists across the broad invasive range of O. maculata.
Clinical course of vesicoureteral reflux in patients with hypospadias
Authors: Kim Kwang Hyun , Lee Hye Young , Im Young Jae , Jung Hyun Jin , Hong Chang Hee , Han Sang Won 
Published: May 2011

Objectives:  The prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in hypospadic patients is reportedly higher than in healthy children. We investigated the prevalence and the clinical course of VUR in hypospadic patients.Methods:  We carried out intraoperative cystography to detect VUR in 338 patients who underwent hypospadias repair. Age, severity of hypospadias and the presence of VUR were investigated. A dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan and follow‐up voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) were carried out if VUR was detected.Results:  VUR was detected in 41 patients (12.1%). Of 156 patients who were younger than 1 year‐of‐age, 34 (21.8%) were found to have VUR. The prevalence of VUR was significantly higher in patients younger than 1 year (P < 0.001), but was not associated with hypospadias type (P = 0.212). The reflux grades were I, II and III in 6, 52 and 1 renal units, respectively. Renal scarring was shown in one of 36 patients. Follow‐up VCUG was carried out in 30 patients at a mean of 14.28 ± 3.89 months, and reflux resolved in 27 and improved from grade II to grade I in three patients.Conclusions:  Although its prevalence is higher in hypospadic children than in healthy children, it is not necessary to screen for VUR in hypospadic patients, because it is likely to be low‐grade and to resolve in most cases.