bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free fatty acids and oxidative changes of a Spanish soft cheese (PDO ‘Torta del Casar’) during ripening
Authors: Delgado Francisco José , González‐Crespo José , Ladero Luis , Cava Ramón , Ramírez Rosario 
Published: August 2009

SummaryFree fatty acids (FFA) and lipid and protein oxidation changes during ripening were studied in Torta del Casar cheese. This cheese with protected designation of origin (PDO) is made from raw ewe milk and uses vegetable rennet. Cheeses were analysed at four different stages of ripening at 1, 30, 60 and 90 days. Most FFA significantly increased throughout maturation, except valeric and margaric acids. Acetic acid content increased during ripening and was the most abundant FFA in Torta del Casar cheese at the end of ripening. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) showed an important increase throughout maturation, especially butyric, isovaleric and isobutyric acids. Lipid oxidation values significantly increased during the first month and decreased in the last 2 months of maturation; however, protein oxidation did not significantly change during ripening. Changes in FFA, especially SCFA, could have great importance in Torta del Casar cheese final characteristics; however, oxidative reactions did not play an important role.
The use of an antimicrobial citrus vapour to reduce Enterococcus sp. on salad products
Authors: Fisher K. , Phillips C. , McWatt L. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryCitrus essential oils (EOs) have an antimicrobial effect against a range of food poisoning causing bacteria. A blend of citrus EO vapour against vancomycin resistant (VRE) and vancomycin susceptible (VSE) Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis on lettuce and cucumber was assessed. Food samples were subjected to the vapour for 45 s in a 600‐L vapour chamber at 25 °C. Microbial counts were taken directly after the foodstuff was removed and at various times thereafter. Results show that the initial load per sample was reduced by 3.69–4.14 log10 and 3.80–4.40 log10 for VRE and VSE strains, respectively; reductions were maintained for 6 h. Sensory panel testing demonstrated that there were no significant changes in taste. Growing demand from changes in legislation, consumer trends and increasing isolation of antibiotic resistant pathogens, means that alternatives to chemical‐based bactericides need to be found and the antimicrobial citrus vapour may provide the answer.
Optimisation study of gum extraction from Basil seeds (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Razavi Seyed M. A. , Mortazavi Seyed Ali , Matia‐Merino Lara , Hosseini‐Parvar Seyed H. , Motamedzadegan Ali , Khanipour Elham 
Published: August 2009

SummaryBasil seed (Ocimum basilicum L.) is cultivated in large quantities in different regions of Iran. This seed has reasonable amounts of gum with good functional properties which is comparable with commercial food hydrocolloids. A central composite rotatable design was applied to evaluate the effects of temperature, pH and water/seed ratio on the yield, apparent viscosity and protein content of water‐extracted Basil seed gum. All of the variables significantly (P < 0.05) affected the extraction yield, whereas the effect of water/seed ratio on apparent viscosity and the effects of pH and water/seed ratio on protein content were not significant (P > 0.05). Numerical optimisation determined the optimum extraction conditions based on the highest yield and viscosity and the lowest protein content as being temperature 68.71 °C, pH 8.09 and water/seed ratio 65.98:1. Power law model well described non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour of BSG. Flow behaviour index (n) and consistency index (K) of 1% crude and pure BSG samples were 0.306, 0.283 and 17.46, 20.22 Pa sn, respectively.
Quality changes in soup from deboned chicken frames at refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) and frozen (−18 ± 1 °C) storage
Authors: Gadekar Yogesh P. , Anjaneyulu Anne S. R. , Thomas Rajendran , Mendiratta Sanjod Kr. , Kondaiah Napa 
Published: August 2009

SummaryChicken soup was made from the broth collected after the pressure cooking of deboned chicken frames (bones). The quality of stored chicken soup (S1) was compared with the soup prepared from the stored chicken broth (S2) at refrigerated (4 ± 1 °C) and frozen (−18 ± 1 °C) storage up to 12 and 90 days, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values and microbial counts were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in stored soup (S1) compared with fresh soup (S2). Psychrotrophs and coliforms were not detected. Appearance and odour scores of broth were satisfactory throughout the storage. Sensory attributes were rated better for fresh soup (S2) made from stored broth than stored soup (S1) but all the attributes were decreased with increasing storage period. The stored soup was acceptable up to 9 and 90 days in refrigeration and frozen storage respectively, while the soup made from refrigerated stored broth was acceptable for 12 days.
Using mild heat treatment to improve the bioactive related compounds on fresh‐cut green bell peppers
Authors: Sgroppo Sonia C. , Pereyra María V. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryBioactive related compounds of fresh‐cut green bell peppers (Capsicum annuum, L.) exposed to water immersion at 55 °C and 60 °C per 180 s were evaluated during storage. Their sensorial and microbial quality, acidity, sugar and chlorophyll content were also determined. Beneficial effects on sensorial attributes were observed in treated peppers with longer shelf life than in non‐treated ones (5 days at 4 °C, 2 days at 10 °C). At the end of storage at 4 °C, phenols increased to 11% and quercetin and antioxidant capacity were retained, but in control peppers ascorbic acid dropped 16%. At 10 °C, there was no change in phenols; quercetin, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity decreased (15%, 13% and 10% respectively) in treated peppers. Changes were more noticeable in non‐treated products (phenols increased 21%, ascorbic acid decreased 28% and antioxidant activity 20%). Mild heat treatments applied to fresh‐cut peppers seemed to preserve some of their bioactive compounds during storage.
Improvement in the quality of used sunflower oil by organic and inorganic adsorbents
Authors: Farag Radwan S. , Basuny Amany M. M. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryThe objective of the present work was to improve the quality of used sunflower oil. Inorganic (normal and modified silica gel) and organic (normal and modified cellulose powder) adsorbents were used as regeneration agents. Sunflower oil was heated at 180 ± 5 °C, 4 h every day for five consecutive days. The adsorbent materials were individually added to use sunflower oil at 2% level (w/v). Some physico‐chemical characteristics were measured to assess the quality of treated‐used sunflower oil. The results indicated that all adsorbents under study were effective in improving the overall quality of used sunflower oil. Normal silica gel with small particle size permitted high adsorbing capacity and close to that induced with Magnesol XL which is used commercially in a large scale to improve oil quality. The polarity of the adsorbent substance had a remarkable effect on removing the secondary oxidation products of used sunflower oil. The mode of adsorbents action is discussed.
Use of some agricultural waste hull ashes for the regeneration of fried sunflower oil
Authors: Farag Radwan S. , Basuny Amany M. M. , Arafat Shaker M. , Arafa Sahar A. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryThe present study was aimed at improving the quality of fried sunflower oil. Synthetic (Magnesol XL), natural (diatomaceous earth) and hull ashes of rice, wheat and barley (agriculture plant wastes) were used to adsorb the oxidation products of fried sunflower oil. The mineral pattern (Si, Mg, Ca, Fe, Al, Mn and Cu) of the aforementioned substances were determined. The physico‐chemical properties [refractive index, viscosity, colour, smoke point, acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, conjugated dienes and trienes, polar content, polymer content and oxidised fatty acids] of non‐fried, fried and fried‐treated sunflower oil were determined. The frying process was carried out at 180 °C ± 5 °C for 20 h, 4 h heating cycle per day for five consecutive days. The fried sunflower oil was treated with synthetic, natural and agricultural hull ashes at 105 °C for 15 min. The results indicate that Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth, rice hull ash, wheat hull ash and barley hull ash contained Si + Mg + Mn, Si + Mn + Ca, Si + Mn, Si +Mn and Mn + Si as the basic metals, respectively. Frying of sunflower oil led to significant increase in refractive index, viscosity, colour, smoke point, acid value, peroxide value, TBA value, conjugated dienes and trienes, polar content, polymer content, and oxidised fatty acids and decrease in iodine value. Treatments of fried sunflower oil with the aforementioned substances greatly improved the quality of fried oil. Under the present experimental conditions all adsorbing substances performed similarly in removing the fried sunflower oil oxidation products.
Comfort as a basic need in hospitalized patients in Iran: a hermeneutic phenomenology study
Authors: Yousefi Hojatollah , Abedi Heidar Ali , Yarmohammadian Mohammad Hossein , Elliott Doug 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  Comfort as a basic need in hospitalized patients in Iran: a hermeneutic phenomenology study. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore the comfort experiences of hospitalized patients during their admission to medical–surgical wards in an Iranian hospital.Background.  Comfort has various definitions, ranging from a basic human need, to a process, function or an outcome of nursing. As comfort is a substantive need throughout life in health and illness, providing comfort is a major function and challenge for holistic nursing care.Method.  This hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted between July 2006 and April 2007 in six medical–surgical wards of one of a university hospital in Iran. Data were generated with 22 participants (16 hospitalized patients and six nurses), using in‐depth interviews to capture their detailed experiences of comfort. Analysis based on the framework of Diekelmann enabled data interpretation and elaboration of shared themes.Findings.  One constitutive pattern, ‘Comfort: a need of hospitalized patients’ and four related themes – A friend in hospital, Relief of suffering within a calm environment, Seeking God, and Presence among family – were identified in the data.Conclusion.  These findings offer unique insight for planning and implementing appropriate clinical practices in Iran, especially in caring for Muslim patients. Two major implications are to: (1) consider comfort criteria during nursing assessment and planning of care during a patient’s hospitalization and (2) note that Shiite people in particular are more comfortable and feel better when they are able to follow their religious principles.
Does self‐efficacy mediate the relationship between transformational leadership behaviours and healthcare workers’ sleep quality? A longitudinal study
Authors: Munir Fehmidah , Nielsen Karina 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  Does self‐efficacy mediate the relationship between transformational leadership behaviours and healthcare workers’ sleep quality? A longitudinal study. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to investigate the longitudinal relationship between transformational leadership behaviours and employees’ sleep quality, and the mediating effects of self‐efficacy.Background.  Although there is evidence for the influential role of transformational leadership on health outcomes, researchers have used either attitude outcomes (e.g. job satisfaction) or softer health measures, such as general well‐being. Specific measures of well‐being such as sleep quality have not been used, despite its association with working conditions.Methods.  A longitudinal design was used to collect data from Danish healthcare workers at time 1 in 2005 (n = 447) and 18 months later at time 2 in 2007 (n = 274). Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the relationships between transformational leadership, self‐efficacy and sleep quality at both time points independently (cross‐sectionally) and longitudinally.Results.  For all constructs, time 2 measures were influenced by the baseline level. Direct relationships between transformational leadership and sleep quality were found. This relationship was negative cross‐sectionally at both time points, but positive between baseline and follow‐up. The relationship between leadership and employees’ sleep quality was not mediated by employees’ self‐efficacy.Conclusion.  Our results indicate that training managers in transformational leadership behaviours may have a positive impact on healthcare workers’ health over time. However, more research is needed to examine the mechanisms by which transformational leadership brings about improved sleep quality; self‐efficacy was not found to be the explanation.
Alarm limit settings for early warning systems to identify at‐risk patients
Authors: Burgess Lawrence P.A. , Herdman Tracy Heather , Berg Benjamin W. , Feaster William W. , Hebsur Shashidhar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  Alarm limit settings for early warning systems to identify at‐risk patients. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to provide objective data to assist with setting alarm limits for early warning systems.Background.  Early warning systems are used to provide timely detection of patient deterioration outside of critical care areas, but with little data from the general ward population to guide alarm limit settings. Monitoring systems used in critical care areas are known for excellent sensitivity in detecting signs of deterioration, but give high false positive alarm rates, which are managed with nurses caring for two or fewer patients. On general wards, nurses caring for four or more patients will be unable to manage a high number of false alarms. Physiological data from a general ward population would help to guide alarm limit settings.Methods.  A dataset of continuous heart rate and respiratory rate data from a general ward population, previously collected from July 2003–January 2006, was analyzed for adult patients with no severe adverse events. Dataset modeling was constructed to analyze alarm frequency at varying heart rate and respiratory rate alarm limits.Results.  A total of 317 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria, with 780·71 days of total monitoring. Sample alarm settings appeared to optimize false positive alarm rates for the following settings: heart rate high 130–135, low 40–45; respiratory rate high 30–35, low 7–8. Rates for each selected limit can be added to calculate the total alarm frequency, which can be used to judge the impact on nurse workflow.Conclusion.  Alarm frequency data will assist with evidence‐based configuration of alarm limits for early warning systems.
Factors associated with lower quality of life among patients receiving palliative care
Authors: Chui Ying Yu , Kuan Hau Yee , Fu Idy C.Y. , Liu Rico K.Y. , Sham Mau Kwong , Lau Kam Shing 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  Factors associated with lower quality of life among patients receiving palliative care. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to (1) assess the quality of life (QoL) and physical functioning status of patients diagnosed with advanced cancer and receiving palliative care; (2) determine if there was a statistically significant relationship between their physical functioning and QoL and (3) identify the demographic and disease‐related variables related to their QoL.Background.  Achieving the best possible QoL is a major goal in palliative care. However, research findings about the relationship between QoL and demographic variables have been inconsistent.Method.  Three hundred patients with advanced cancer were recruited from four district hospitals in Hong Kong between February 2005 and July 2006. Their QoL and physical functioning status were assessed by face‐to‐face interview, using the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (Hong Kong version) and the Palliative Performance Scale respectively.Results.  Participants reported reduced ambulation, inability to perform hobbies or housework, and the need for occasional assistance in self‐care (mean: 64·6 out of 100, sd: 19·3, range: 20–100). QoL was fair (mean: 6·2 out of 10, sd: 1·5, range: 0·9–10). There was a weak positive association between physical functioning and QoL scores. Multiple regression analysis showed that patients who were older, female, had ever been married, or had higher physical functioning tended to have better QoL.Conclusion.  More could be done in symptom and psychosocial management to improve patients’ QoL, in particular for those who are younger, male or single, or who have lower physical functioning.
Health‐related quality of life after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Rantanen Anja , Tarkka Marja‐Terttu , Kaunonen Marja , Tarkka Matti , Sintonen Harri , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  Health‐related quality of life after coronary artery bypass grafting. Aim.  The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in health‐related quality of life and to identify associated factors among patients having coronary artery bypass grafting and their significant others.Background.  Heart disease and its treatment affects the lives of both patients and their significant others, and the early stage of recovery from surgery causes particular anxiety for both.Method.  In this longitudinal study, three sets of questionnaire data were collected 1, 6 and 12 months after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery from patients and significant others at one university hospital in Finland in 2001–2005. We recruited all patients who had been admitted for elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery during the period specified. The data consisted of the responses from those patients and significant others who had completed all three questionnaires and for whom patient–significant other pairs existed (n = 163).Findings.  Patients’ and their significant others’ health‐related quality of life was at its lowest one month after the operation and improved during follow‐up. The change in the mean health‐related quality of life score differed between patients and significant others; the improvement in the patients’ health‐related quality of life was greater than that in the significant others. Neither the background variables used in the study nor social support were associated with change in health‐related quality of life.Conclusion.  Further research is needed to identify factors explaining the change in health‐related quality of life to develop interventions to support patients and significant others.
Relationship of working mothers’ parenting style and consistency to early childhood development: a longitudinal investigation
Authors: Tong Lian , Shinohara Ryoji , Sugisawa Yuka , Tanaka Emiko , Maruyama Akiko , Sawada Yuko , Ishi Yukiko , Anme Tokie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  Relationship of working mothers’ parenting style and consistency to early childhood development: a longitudinal investigation. Aim.  This paper is a report of a longitudinal study of the relationship of working mothers’ parenting style to their children’s social competence and vocabulary/motor/intellectual development.Background.  With an increasing number of women choosing to remain in the workforce after starting a family, there has been a concomitant increase in use of non‐parental childcare facilities to help look after the child while the mother is at work. This increase in non‐parental care has led to a dramatic change in the traditional child‐rearing environment.Methods.  Long‐term investigations were conducted over a period of 2 years in 41 Japanese government‐licensed childcare facilities. Child development was evaluated by childcare professionals and parenting style was assessed by questionnaire. A total of 504 children and their mothers participated in the study. Data collection was carried out in 2004 and 2006.Findings.  We found that the changes in parenting style were statistically significantly related to children’s development after 2 years. For instance, changes in the parent‐child playing routine contributed to the child’s social competence (odds ratio = 11·088). Variation in working mothers’ disciplinary practices was also associated with children’s vocabulary development after 2 years (odds ratio = 2·246).Conclusion.  Working mothers should increase interactions with their children in their free time to reduce the risk of developmental delay. Daily childcare support provided by family members or social organizations for long‐term working mothers is helpful in mediating the negative relationship of mothers’ working with children’s development.
The Information Matters Project: health, medicines and self‐care choices made by children, young people and their families: information to support decision‐making. Study protocol
Authors: Williams Anne , Noyes Jane ,   On behalf of the Information Matters Project (IMP) Team
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitle.  The Information Matters Project: health, medicines and self‐care choices made by children, young people and their families: information to support decision‐making. Study protocol. Aim.  This protocol outlines a study to address knowledge gaps about the types and formats of children’s information which could support decision‐making in respect of health, medicines and self‐care.Background.  Partnership between the public and health services is seen as the key to a healthier society and cost‐effective care. A requirement of participative models is the provision of high quality information. Little information is available specifically for children, young people and their families, and little evidence concerning types and formats which could support decision‐making.Methods.  A mixed‐method study will be conducted through three inter‐related phases. Tracer‐conditions will be used to focus the research, with a specific, although not exclusive, emphasis on medicines. Phase 1: Context: systematic literature review and critical discourse analysis of currently available children’s information. Phase 2: In‐depth study: we will conduct focus groups, semi‐structured interviews and non‐participant observation to address a range of questions about what children think about currently available information sources (focus groups), what information children and their families need and how and when they and healthcare professionals use information sources to support decision‐making concerning choice (interviews and observation). Phase 3: data synthesis and comparative analysis.Discussion.  Outcomes include the types, formats and characteristics of information likely to support children’s decision‐making and choices predominantly around medicines and clinical options.