bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic differentiation of amniotic epithelial cells
Authors: Marongiu Fabio , Gramignoli Roberto , Dorko Kenneth , Miki Toshio , Ranade Aarati R. , Paola Serra Maria , Doratiotto Silvia , Sini Marcella , Sharma Shringi , Mitamura Keitaro , Sellaro Tiffany L. , Tahan Veysel , Skvorak Kristen J. , Ellis Ewa C. S. , Badylak Stephen F. , Davila Julio C. , Hines Ronald , Laconi Ezio , Strom Stephen C. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Hepatocyte transplantation to treat liver disease is largely limited by the availability of useful cells. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) from term placenta express surface markers and gene characteristics of embryonic stem cells and have the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers, including tissues of endodermal origin (i.e., liver). Thus, hAECs could provide a source of stem cell–derived hepatocytes for transplantation. We investigated the differentiation of hAECs

in vitro

and after transplantation into the livers of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)/beige mice. Moreover, we tested the ability of rat amniotic epithelial cells (rAECs) to replicate and differentiate upon transplantation into a syngenic model of liver repopulation.

In vitro

results indicate that the presence of extracellular matrix proteins together with a mixture of growth factors, cytokines, and hormones are required for differentiation of hAECs into hepatocyte-like cells. Differentiated hAECs expressed hepatocyte markers at levels comparable to those of fetal hepatocytes. They were able to metabolize ammonia, testosterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, and expressed inducible fetal cytochromes. After transplantation into the liver of retrorsine (RS)-treated SCID/beige mice, naïve hAECs differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells that expressed mature liver genes such as cytochromes, plasma proteins, transporters, and other hepatic enzymes at levels equal to adult liver tissue. When transplanted in a syngenic animal pretreated with RS, rAECs were able to engraft and generate a progeny of cells with morphology and protein expression typical of mature hepatocytes.

Conclusion:

Amniotic epithelial cells possess the ability to differentiate into cells with characteristics of functional hepatocytes both

in vitro

and

in vivo

, thus representing a useful and noncontroversial source of cells for transplantation. (Hepatology 2011;)
Hepatocyte-specific hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is a determinant of lipid accumulation and liver injury in alcohol-induced steatosis in mice
Authors: Nath Bharath , Levin Ivan , Csak Timea , Petrasek Jan , Mueller Christian , Kodys Karen , Catalano Donna , Mandrekar Pranoti , Szabo Gyongyi 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Chronic alcohol causes hepatic steatosis and liver hypoxia. Hypoxia-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, (HIF-1α) may regulate liporegulatory genes, but the relationship of HIF-1 to steatosis remains unknown. We investigated HIF-1α in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Alcohol administration resulted in steatosis, increased liver triglyceride levels, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, suggesting liver injury in wild-type (WT) mice. There was increased hepatic HIF-1α messenger RNA (mRNA), protein, and DNA-binding activity in alcohol-fed mice compared with controls. Mice engineered with hepatocyte-specific HIF-1 activation (HIF1dPA) had increased HIF-1α mRNA, protein, and DNA-binding activity, and alcohol feeding in HIF1dPA mice increased hepatomegaly and hepatic triglyceride compared with WT mice. In contrast, hepatocyte-specific deletion of HIF-1α [HIF-1α(Hep−/−)], protected mice from alcohol- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver damage, serum ALT elevation, hepatomegaly, and lipid accumulation. HIF-1α(Hep−/−), WT, and HIF1dPA mice had equally suppressed levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α mRNA after chronic ethanol, whereas the HIF target, adipocyte differentiation-related protein, was up-regulated in WT mice but not HIF-1α(Hep−/−) ethanol-fed/LPS-challenged mice. The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was cooperatively induced by alcohol feeding and LPS in WT but not HIF-1α(Hep−/−) mice. Using Huh7 hepatoma cells in vitro, we found that MCP-1 treatment induced lipid accumulation and increased HIF-1α protein expression as well as DNA-binding activity. Small interfering RNA inhibition of HIF-1α prevented MCP-1–induced lipid accumulation, suggesting a mechanistic role for HIF-1α in hepatocyte lipid accumulation.

Conclusion:

Alcohol feeding results in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes involving HIF-1α activation. The alcohol-induced chemokine MCP-1 triggers lipid accumulation in hepatocytes via HIF-1α activation, suggesting a mechanistic link between inflammation and hepatic steatosis in alcoholic liver disease. (Hepatology 2011;)
Pre‐ and post‐synaptic functions of kainate receptors at glutamate and GABA synapses in the rat entorhinal cortex
Authors: Chamberlain Sophie E.L. , Jane David E. , Jones Roland S.G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOscillatory network activity in cortical areas is seen as vital to physiological processes of cognition, learning, and memory, and fundamental to disorders such as epilepsy. Increasing attention is being paid to the role of kainate receptors (KAr) in the generation of network oscillations and synchrony. The entorhinal cortex (EC) plays a key role in learning and memory, and is a major site of dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy. KAr have been implicated in oscillogenesis in the EC, but limited information is available concerning the physiological roles of KAr in synaptic transmission in this area. Here, we make a detailed analysis of KAr function in Layer III of the EC, a site known to be highly susceptible to oscillogenesis, using whole‐cell patch clamp recording of evoked and spontaneous synaptic currents in rat brain slices. We demonstrate that KAr containing the GluK1‐subunit act as facilitatory autoreceptors at glutamatergic synapses on pyramidal neurones in Layer III. In addition, GluK1‐containing KAr mediate an excitatory drive at glutamatergic synapses on GABAergic interneurones. In contrast, a different KAr, which is likely to contain the GluK2‐subunit mediates a slow postsynaptic excitation at glutamatergic synapses on principal neurones, and may also act as a heteroreceptor, facilitating GABA release at inhibitory terminals on principal neurones. Reducing [Mg2+]o, which we have previously shown can generate KAr‐dependent slow network oscillations in Layer III, enhances both glutamate and GABA release. Both effects are partly sustained by increased activation of GluK1‐containing KAr. Increased activation of the GluK1‐containing autoreceptor also results in an enhancement of the postsynaptic response mediated by GluK2‐containing receptors. Finally, spontaneous release of both transmitters shows a rhythmic periodicity in low‐Mg, and, again, this is dependent on GluK1‐containing KAr. The results show that KAr contribute a facilitatory function at multiple levels in the networks of the EC, and provide a basis for dissecting the role of these receptors in oscillogenesis in this area. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychosocial predictors of rule following in hostels for women experiencing homelessness
Authors: White Katherine , Wood Maria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study examined the psychosocial factors impacting upon the rule‐following behaviour of residents of a hostel providing crisis accommodation to women who are homeless. After their arrival, residents of a women's hostel (N=83) completed questionnaires assessing the theory of planned behaviour constructs of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control (PBC), and intentions related to rule following while residing at the hostel. Perceived resident group norms for rule following were assessed also. Follow‐up staff evaluations of the target behaviour were completed after participants ceased their hostel residence. As expected, attitude, subjective norm, PBC, and group norm significantly predicted intention to follow hostel rules, and intention and PBC predicted rule‐following behaviour. As rule following is a crucial requirement for continuation of their stay, these findings can inform strategies to improve the experiences and outcomes of women's short‐term hostel stays. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social support and social network ties among the homeless in a downtown Atlanta park
Authors: Reitzes Donald C. , Crimmins Timothy J. , Yarbrough Johanna , Parker Josie 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study applies a typology of social support with 3 categories of social networks to investigate social ties and their benefits for homeless people. Data were derived from a 2‐year long series of participant observations of homeless or precariously housed people who came regularly to a downtown Atlanta public park. The findings are as follows: (a) the homeless men and women who regularly visited the park obtained four types of support: tangible, advice, belonging, and esteem support from non‐kin, family, and formal social services; and (b) the homeless combined support provided by different social networks in attempts to address their substantial needs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Addressing perinatal disparities using community‐based participatory research: data into action
Authors: Masho Saba , Keyser‐Marcus Lori , Varner Sara , Singleton Rose , Bradford Judith , Chapman Derek , Svikis Dace 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStriking racial disparities in infant mortality exist in the United States, with rates of infant death among African Americans nearly twice the national average. Community‐based participatory research approaches have been successful in fostering collaborative relationships between communities and researchers that are focused on developing effective and sustainable interventions and programs that target the needs of the community. The current article details the use of the Perinatal Period of Risk model as a method to engage communities by identifying factors influencing racial disparities in infant mortality and examining changes in those factors over a 10‐year period. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Buffering the effects of violence: communication and problem‐solving skills as protective factors for adolescents exposed to violence
Authors: LeBlanc Monique , Self‐Brown Shannon , Shepard Desti , Kelley Mary Lou 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlthough many adolescents exposed to violence evidence negative outcomes, some report few deleterious effects, indicating the presence of moderating variables. This study examined the moderating role of family communication and problem solving on positive and negative outcomes in adolescents exposed to school and neighborhood violence. Participants were 90 adolescents and their parents, who completed measures of violence exposure, psychological and behavioral functioning, and communication and problem‐solving skills. Results indicated that after controlling for demographic variables and violence exposure in the home, communication and problem‐solving skills moderated the association between school and neighborhood violence exposure and psychological distress. There was no moderation of the violence exposure‐positive outcome association. The findings suggest that family communication and problem‐solving skills might serve a protective function for adolescents, thereby decreasing psychological distress in the face of school and neighborhood violence exposure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppression of Glutamine:Fructose‐6‐phosphate amidotransferase‐1 inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Hsieh Tusty‐Jiuan , Lin Tzu , Hsieh Pei‐Chen , Liao Min‐Chun , Shin Shyi‐Jang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractO‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) protein modification has been implicated in the regulation of signaling pathways, cell function, and gene expression. Glutamine:fructose‐6‐phosphate amidotransferase‐1 (GFAT‐1) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which generates the sugar nucleotide UDP‐GlcNAc, where this nucleotide acts as the donor for O‐GlcNAc modification. In this study, we determined whether GFAT‐1 regulates adipogenesis in adipocytes. 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes were differentiated using medium containing high glucose, insulin, dexamethasone, and isobutylmethylxanthine. Cells were harvested 4, 8, and 12 h and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 days after the initiation of differentiation. Global level of O‐GlcNAc modification increased 4 h after induction and persisted for 8 days of observation. GFAT‐1 mRNA and protein expression was also upregulated beginning 4 h after induction. Pharmacological inhibition of GFAT‐1 or GFAT‐1 siRNA treatment blocked the increase in O‐GlcNAcylation and the formation of lipid droplets in adipocytes. GFAT‐1 may regulate the expression of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, SREBP‐1, fatty acid synthase, S3‐12, perilipin, or adipophilin during adipogenesis. Our results suggest that GFAT‐1 plays a critical role in modulating adipogenesis via the regulation of protein O‐GlcNAcylation in adipocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 108–115, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulation of VEGF expression in human retinal cells by cytokines: Implications for the role of inflammation in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Nagineni Chandrasekharam N. , Kommineni Vijay K. , William Abitha , Detrick Barbara , Hooks John J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChronic inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) observed in exudative form of AMD results in vision loss. Human retinal pigment epithelial cell (HRPE) layer and choroidal tissue are the primary pathological sites in AMD. Pathological and therapeutic evidences have strongly indicated the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) molecules as critical components in CNV pathogenesis. In these studies, we used human primary HRPE and choroidal fibroblast cells (HCHF) prepared from adult donor eyes. The effects of inflammatory cytokine (IFN‐γ + TNF‐α + IL‐1β) mix (ICM) on global gene expression profiles in HRPE cells, revealed 10‐ and 9‐fold increase in VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C expression, respectively. The microarray results were validated by quantitative RT‐PCR and secretion of VEGFs proteins. IL‐1β is the most potent in inducing VEGFs secretion followed by IFN‐γ and TNF‐α, and the secretion was more effective in the presence of 2 and 3 cytokines. NF‐κB and JAK‐STAT pathway, but not HIF‐1α, Sp‐1, Sp‐3, and STAT‐3, transcription factors were upregulated and translocated to nucleus by ICM treatment. The mRNA levels of VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C and secretion of these proteins were also significantly enhanced by ICM in HCHF cells. The secretion of other angiogenic molecules, PEDF, SDF‐1α, endostatin, and angiopoietins was not affected by ICM. Our results show that the inflammatory cytokines enhance secretion of VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C by HRPE and HCHF cells. These studies indicate that VEGFs secreted by these cells initiate and promote pathological choroidal and retinal noevascularization processes in AMD. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 116–126, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐culture of Penicillium chrysogenum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae leading to the immobilization of yeast
Authors: García‐Martínez Teresa , Peinado Rafael A. , Moreno Juan , García‐García Isidoro , Mauricio Juan C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Under appropriate conditions, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium chrysogenum were found to co‐immobilize spontaneously with no need for external support or chemical binder. The main aims were to examine the interaction between yeast cells and fungal hyphae by electron microscopy and the death of the filamentous fungus because of direct contact between both microorganisms.RESULTS: Immobilization was accomplished by orbitally shaking at 28 °C a culture medium consisting of yeast nitrogen base buffered at pH 7 and containing gluconic acid as an available carbon source for the filamentous fungus not readily used by the yeast. The yeast biocapsules thus obtained were hollow, smooth, elastic, strong, creamy‐coloured spheres of variable size depending on the particular shaking rate and time of residence in the formation medium. Biocapsule walls consisted of yeast cells bound to fungal hyphae. Placing the biocapsules in fermentation medium caused yeast cells to colonize and invade all hyphae, thereby causing the fungus to die and remain as a mere support for yeast.CONCLUSIONS: The death of the fungus was probably effected by the yeast via a cell‐hypha contact‐mediated mechanism as shown by dialysis experiments. The yeast biocapsules can be reused with no loss of integrity or activity. The proposed immobilization method provides a simple, convenient, inexpensive alternative which affords yeast reuse. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioleaching of Mn from manganese residues by the mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus and mechanism
Authors: Duan Ning , Zhou Changbo , Chen Bing , Jiang Wenfeng , Xin Baoping 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Electrolytic manganese residues are the largest and most dangerous waste stream from the electrolytic manganese metal industry, and recovery of Mn from manganese residues is one of the main methods of recycling this waste. Bioleaching of electrolytic manganese residues for Mn extraction was investigated in this study.RESULTS: An extraction efficiency as high as 99.7% was achieved at 1% slag pulp concentration, 2320 mg L−1 extraction concentration and 80% extraction efficiency was attained at 8% slag pulp concentration, indicating the application potential of bioleaching in Mn extraction from manganese residues.CONCLUSION: The extraction of Mn from manganese residues depended exclusively on the non‐contact mechanism. The acidic dissolution of soluble Mn2+ induced by sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria resulted in 91.9% Mn extraction, while the reduction dissolution of insoluble Mn4+ by iron‐oxidizing bacteria caused 5.8% Mn extraction. The combined action of sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria and iron‐oxidizing bacteria assured the maximum Mn extraction. EDS and XRD analysis of bioleaching residues further demonstrated the bioleaching mechanism involved. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
A full‐scale system for aerobic biological treatment of olive mill wastewater
Authors: Michailides Michael , Panagopoulos Panagiotis , Akratos Christos S. , Tekerlekopoulou Athanasia G. , Vayenas Dimitris V. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOlive mill wastewater (OMW) is a major environmental problem in the Mediterranean basin. Although many methods for OMW treatment have been developed, only a few have been adopted in pilot‐ or full‐scale applications. A full‐scale system for aerobic biological treatment of OMW was developed. The system consists of a trickling filter and a recirculation tank. Continuous recirculation of the wastewater was used to provide oxygen concentrations from 0.7 to 1.2 mg L−1. Low ambient temperatures did not affect system performance since the raw wastewater was warm enough. Nutrient addition was not necessary as raw wastewater contained sufficient nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations. Indigenous olive pulp bacteria proved to be resistant to full‐scale conditions. Feed chemical oxygen demand and phenolic concentrations were about 43 000 and 9500 mg L−1, respectively. The system reduced more than half of the organic load under continuous operation and a hydraulic retention time of 24 h. The efficiency of this method could be improved by combining it with another technology to further reduce the organic load. The absence of mechanical aeration and the very low hydraulic retention time denotes that the proposed system could be viable and attractive. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Geometric graph homomorphisms
Authors: Boutin Debra L. , Cockburn Sally 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA geometric graph is a simple graph drawn on points in the plane, in general position, with straightline edges. A geometric homomorphism from to is a vertex map that preserves adjacencies and crossings. This work proves some basic properties of geometric homomorphisms and defines the geochromatic number as the minimum n so that there is a geometric homomorphism from to a geometric n‐clique. The geochromatic number is related to both the chromatic number and to the minimum number of plane layers of . By providing an infinite family of bipartite geometric graphs, each of which is constructed of two plane layers, which take on all possible values of geochromatic number, we show that these relationships do not determine the geochromatic number. This article also gives necessary (but not sufficient) and sufficient (but not necessary) conditions for a geometric graph to have geochromatic number at most four. As a corollary, we get precise criteria for a bipartite geometric graph to have geochromatic number at most four. This article also gives criteria for a geometric graph to be homomorphic to certain geometric realizations of K2, 2 and K3, 3. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69:97‐113, 2012
The tripartite Ramsey number for trees
Authors: Böttcher Julia , Hladký Jan , Piguet Diana 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe prove that for all ε>0 there are α>0 and n0∈ℕ such that for all n⩾n0 the following holds. For any two‐coloring of the edges of Kn, n, n one color contains copies of all trees T of order t⩽(3 − ε)n/2 and with maximum degree Δ(T)⩽nα. This confirms a conjecture of Schelp. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69: 264–300, 2012
Y‐rotation in k‐minimal quadrangulations on the projective plane
Authors: Nakamoto Atsuhiro , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet G be a quadrangulation on a surface, and let f be a face bounded by a 4‐cycle abcd. A face‐contraction of f is to identify a and c (or b and d) to eliminate f. We say that a simple quadrangulation G on the surface is k‐minimal if the length of a shortest essential cycle is k(≥3), but any face‐contraction in G breaks this property or the simplicity of the graph. In this article, we shall prove that for any fixed integer k≥3, any two k‐minimal quadrangulations on the projective plane can be transformed into each other by a sequence of Y‐rotations of vertices of degree 3, where a Y‐rotation of a vertex v of degree 3 is to remove three edges vv1, vv3, vv5 in the hexagonal region consisting of three quadrilateral faces vv1v2v3, vv3v4v5, and vv5v6v1, and to add three edges vv2, vv4, vv6. Actually, every k‐minimal quadrangulation (k≥4) can be reduced to a (k−1)‐minimal quadrangulation by the operation called Möbius contraction, which is mentioned in Lemma 13. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69: 301–313, 2012
Closures, cycles, and paths
Authors: Harant Jochen , Kemnitz Arnfried , Saito Akira , Schiermeyer Ingo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn 1960 Ore proved the following theorem: Let G be a graph of order n. If d(u) + d(v)≥n for every pair of nonadjacent vertices u and v, then G is hamiltonian. Since then for several other graph properties similar sufficient degree conditions have been obtained, so‐called “Ore‐type degree conditions”. In [R. J. Faudree, R. H. Schelp, A. Saito, and I. Schiermeyer, Discrete Math 307 (2007), 873–877], Faudree et al. strengthened Ore's theorem as follows: They determined the maximum number of pairs of nonadjacent vertices that can have degree sum less than n (i.e. violate Ore's condition) but still imply that the graph is hamiltonian. In this article we prove that for some other graph properties the corresponding Ore‐type degree conditions can be strengthened as well. These graph properties include traceable graphs, hamiltonian‐connected graphs, k‐leaf‐connected graphs, pancyclic graphs, and graphs having a 2‐factor with two components. Graph closures are computed to show these results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69: 314–323, 2012