bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentaries on ‘Antifungal therapy in infants and children with proven, probable or suspected invasive fungal infections’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: Groll Andreas H. , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Arshad Mehreen , Benjamin Daniel K. , Cohen‐Wolkowiez Michael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Blyth CC, Hale K, Palasanthiran P, O'Brien T, Bennett MH. Antifungal therapy in infants and children with proven, probable or suspected invasive fungal infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006343. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006343.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Bonding Interactions between Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Mono‐Ruthenium Substituted Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalates: Electronic Structures of Ruthenium/N2O Adducts
Authors: Liu Chun‐Guang , Guan Wei , Yan Li‐Kai , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed for three ruthenium/nitrous oxide(N2O) adducts, RuIICl2(η1‐N2O)(P–N)(PPh3) {P–N = [o‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]diphenylphosphane} (1), RuII(η1‐N2O)(TMP)(THF) (TMP = dianion of tetramesitylporphyrin, THF = tetrahydrofuran) (2), and [PW11O39{RuII/(η1‐N2O/H2O)}]n– (3). The bonding interactions between the N2O molecule and the metal–ruthenium fragment were determined from the energy‐decomposition analysis (EDA) and their electronic structures. The results show that the bonding in the ruthenium(II)/N2O adducts 1–3 can be interpreted in terms of weak donor–acceptor interactions between the N2O molecule and the ruthenium(II) center. The geometrical optimization of the polyoxometalate (POM) adduct 3 indicates a bent Ru–NNO linkage, which effectively enhances donor–acceptor interactions with the quasi π‐symmetry orbital. The mono‐ruthenium(II) substituted Keggin‐type POM adduct 3 is a potential reagent for the activation of the N2O molecule because of the strong Ru–NNO bond and the significant RuNN–O π*‐antibonding orbital character relative to adducts 1 and 2, according to our DFT calculations.
Thiolate‐Bridged Iron–Nickel Models for the Active Site of [NiFe] Hydrogenase
Authors: Ohki Yasuhiro , Tatsumi Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of H2, which is crucial for the anaerobic metabolism of microorganisms. They attract growing interest in connection with H2‐based energy systems. [NiFe] hydrogenase is the most common type among the currently known hydrogenases, and its active site consists of an “organometallic” Fe–Ni complex supported by cysteinyl thiolate ligands. This review presents an overview of the synthesis, properties, and reactions of thiolate‐bridged iron–nickel complexes that model the active site of [NiFe] hydrogenase.
A novel DNA selection and direct extraction process and its application in DNA recombination
Authors: Wang An‐Bang , Cheng Chia‐Wei , Lin I‐Chun , Lu Fei‐Yau , Tsai Huai‐Jen , Lin Chiu‐Chun , Yang Chun‐Hui , Pan Po‐Ting , Kuan Chen‐Chi , Chen Yen‐Chih , Lin Yi‐Wei , Chang Chih‐Ning , Wu Yi‐Hung , Kurniawan Tetuko , Lin Chii‐Wann , Wo Andrew M. , Chen Lin‐Chi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the conventional bench‐top approach, the DNA recombination process is time‐ and effort‐consuming due to laborious procedures lasting from several hours to a day. A novel DNA selection and direct extraction process has been proposed, integrated and tested on chip. The integrative microfluidic chip can perform the whole procedure of DNA recombination, including DNA digestion, gel electrophoresis, DNA extraction and insert‐vector ligation within 1 h. In this high‐throughput design, the manual gel cutting was replaced by an automatic processing system that performed high‐quality and high‐recovery efficiency in DNA extraction process. With no need of gel‐dissolving reagents and manipulation, the application of selection and direct extraction process could significantly eliminate the risks from UV and EtBr and also facilitate DNA recombination. Reliable output with high success rate of cloning has been achieved with a significant reduction in operational hazards, required materials, efforts and time.
Toxicity of water-soluble fractions of biodiesel fuels derived from castor oil, palm oil, and waste cooking oil
Authors: Leite Maria Bernadete Neiva Lemos , de Araújo Milena Maria Sampaio , Nascimento Iracema Andrade , da Cruz Andrea Cristina Santos , Pereira Solange Andrade , do Nascimento Núbia Costa 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Concerns over the sustained availability of fossil fuels and their impact on global warming and pollution have led to the search for fuels from renewable sources to address worldwide rising energy demands. Biodiesel is emerging as one of the possible solutions for the transport sector. It shows comparable engine performance to that of conventional diesel fuel, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the toxicity of products and effluents from the biodiesel industry has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Brazil has a very high potential as a biodiesel producer, in view of its climatic conditions and vast areas for cropland, with consequent environmental risks because of possible accidental biodiesel spillages into water bodies and runoff to coastal areas. This research determined the toxicity to two marine organisms of the water-soluble fractions (WSF) of three different biodiesel fuels obtained by methanol transesterification of castor oil (CO), palm oil (PO), and waste cooking oil (WCO). Microalgae and sea urchins were used as the test organisms, respectively, for culture-growth-inhibition and early-life-stage-toxicity tests. The toxicity levels of the analyzed biodiesel WSF showed the highest toxicity for the CO, followed by WCO and the PO. Methanol was the most prominent contaminant; concentrations increased over time in WSF samples stored up to 120 d. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:893–897. © 2010 SETAC
Breakdown voltage of compressed SF6 at very low frequency/low frequency (VLF/LF)
Authors: Han Jian , Gorur Ravi S. , Hansen Peder 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThe breakdown voltage (BDV) of compressed sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in the pressure range of 1–5 atm at 30 kHz, the frequency used by Navy for communications with vessels, is presented. Experiments were conducted in both uniform field (plane–plane gap) and non‐uniform field (rod–plane gap). The impact of pressure on the BDV is quantitatively analyzed. The pressure correction factors for calculating the BDV of SF6 at 30 kHz have been developed from knowledge of breakdown characteristics of air and from regression models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two steps numerical method for calculating the AC interference from a faulty power line on nearby buried pipelines
Authors: Lucca Giovanni 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe paper presents a numerical method for evaluating induced voltages and currents, at power frequency, on a buried pipeline due to inductive and conductive coupling with a power line in fault condition; both the systems can have generic layouts represented by broken lines. The algorithm consists of a two steps solution of a two wires transmission line model applied at first to the circuit shield wire(s) with earth return and then to the circuit pipeline with earth return. This calculation method is particularly tailored for industrial and real cases applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of partial root zone drying and deficit irrigation on yield and oil quality of sunflower in a Mediterranean environment
Authors: Sezen S. Metin , Yazar Attila , Tekin Servet 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examines the effects of different partial root zone drying and deficit irrigation regimes on seed and oil yield quality and water use of drip‐irrigated sunflower under field conditions in 2006 and 2007 in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Irrigation regimes consisted of full irrigation (FI‐100) and three deficit irrigation treatments (DI‐25, DI‐50, DI‐75), and partial root zone drying (PRD‐50) and rain‐fed treatment (RF). Irrigation regimes significantly (P < 0.01) influenced sunflower seed and oil yields and yield components. Although PRD‐50 received about 36% less irrigation water as compared to FI‐100, sunflower yield was reduced by an average of 15%. PRD‐50 produced higher seed and oil yield than DI‐50. Irrigation regimes had significantly different effects on yield components and some quality parameters such as the head diameter, number of seeds per head, 1000 seed weight and oil, and plant height at harvest. Yield reduction was mainly due to a lower number of seeds per head and lower seed weights. The saturated (palmitic and stearic acid) and unsaturated (oleic and linoleic acid) fatty acid contents were significantly affected by water stress. The PRD‐50 treatment resulted in highest WUE (1.0 kg m−3) and IWUE (1.4 kg m−3) in both growing seasons. The results revealed that under a water scarcity situation, PRD‐50 is an acceptable irrigation strategy to increase sunflower yield and quality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrite by a real‐time step feed sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Peng Yong‐Zhen , Wu Chang‐Yong , Wang Ran‐Deng , Li Xiao‐Ling 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Nitrite is toxic to anoxic phosphorus uptake when it exceeds a threshold concentration. In this study, denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrite as electron acceptor was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated using a real‐time step feed strategy.RESULTS: The nitrite pulse concentration was initially determined by batch experiments. pH increased with use of nitrite for phosphate uptake, and decreased when the nitrite was used up. Nitrite was added promptly after the pH reached the peak value, and phosphate uptake continued, driven by the nitrite addition. The pH was adjusted to 7.50 using HCl with each pulse of nitrite addition. ORP could be used to determine the endpoint of denitrifiying phosphorus removal. However, the variation of second derivative of ORP with time was much more sensitive and should be a more suitable control parameter than ORP itself to determine the endpoint of denitrifying phosphorus removal.CONCLUSION: Compared with denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrate as electron acceptor, denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrite using real‐time step feed can save 22.3% of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for phosphorus removal and 49.4% of PHA for nitrogen removal. In addition, the reaction time could be shortened. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Lipoma arborescens of the peroneal tendon sheath
Authors: Moukaddam Hicham , Smitaman Edward , Haims Andrew H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLipoma arborescens or synovial lipomatosis is a rare disorder characterized by mature fat infiltration of hypertrophic synovial villi, most frequently affecting the suprapatellar pouch of the knee. Involvement of the synovial tendon sheath is extremely rare with only a few reported cases in the literature. We present a case of lipoma arborescens involving the peroneal and flexor tendons sheaths of the ankle, review the few reported cases to date, and discuss MR imaging features of this rare entity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:221–224. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic value of delineating deep fascia in distinguishing between benign and malignant soft‐tissue tumors in lower limbs using 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liu Li , Wu Ning , Ouyang Han 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurposeTo determine the association between morphological changes to the deep fascia and the malignancy of soft‐tissue tumors in the lower limbs using 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsMR images of 47 consecutive patients with 48 pathologically proven soft‐tissue tumors in the lower limbs were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists. Lesions were divided into four groups according to their predominant location relative to the deep fascia: Group A: subcutaneous lesions superficial to the deep fascia (n = 9); Group B: lesions located beneath the deep fascia (n = 8); Group C: lesions centered in the interspaces of the deep fascia investment (n = 11); and Group D: intramuscular lesions (n = 20).ResultsThe deep fascial structures were complete in all of the 19 benign lesions. In malignant lesions, destruction signs of the deep fascia were observed in 27 of the 29, which were characterized by disappearance/disruption of the fascial line and aggressive growth penetrating through the fascial line into the adjacent compartment, or disappearance/disruption of the intermuscular septa and embedding the mutilated fascial septa within the lesion, or destruction of the fascia‐muscle planes and abolishment of the deep fascial interspaces. Diagnosis of malignancy based on the signs of destruction of the deep fascial structure delineated with 3.0 T MRI, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 93.10%, 100%, and 95.83%, respectively.ConclusionTumor involvement and destruction of the deep fascial structures visualized by 3.0 T MRI may be of utility in differentiating malignant from benign soft‐tissue tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:173–179. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced morphological 3D magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) scoring using a new isotropic 3D proton‐density, turbo spin echo sequence with variable flip angle distribution (PD‐SPACE) compared to an isotropic 3D steady‐state free precession sequence (True‐FISP) and standard 2D sequences
Authors: Welsch Goetz H. , Zak Lukas , Mamisch Tallal C. , Paul Dominik , Lauer Lars , Mauerer Andreas , Marlovits Stefan , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate a new isotropic 3D proton‐density, turbo‐spin‐echo sequence with variable flip‐angle distribution (PD‐SPACE) sequence compared to an isotropic 3D true‐fast‐imaging with steady‐state‐precession (True‐FISP) sequence and 2D standard MR sequences with regard to the new 3D magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score.Materials and MethodsSixty consecutive MR scans on 37 patients (age: 32.8 ± 7.9 years) after matrix‐associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) of the knee were prospectively included. The 3D MOCART score was assessed using the standard 2D sequences and the multiplanar‐reconstruction (MPR) of both isotropic sequences. Statistical, Bonferroni‐corrected correlation as well as subjective quality analysis were performed.ResultsThe correlation of the different sequences was significant for the variables defect fill, cartilage interface, bone interface, surface, subchondral lamina, chondral osteophytes, and effusion (Pearson coefficients 0.514–0.865). Especially between the standard sequences and the 3D True‐FISP sequence, the variables structure, signal intensity, subchondral bone, and bone marrow edema revealed lower, not significant, correlation values (0.242–0.383). Subjective quality was good for all sequences (P ≥ 0.05). Artifacts were most often visible on the 3D True‐FISP sequence (P < 0.05).ConclusionDifferent isotropic sequences can be used for the 3D evaluation of cartilage repair with the benefits of isotropic 3D MRI, MPR, and a significantly reduced scan time, where the 3D PD‐SPACE sequence reveals the best results. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:180–188. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A contingency model of union commitment and participation: Meta‐analysis of the antecedents of militant and nonmilitant activities
Authors: Monnot Matthew J. , Wagner Stephen , Beehr Terry A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCorrelation estimates from a meta‐analysis of 108 studies including 126 independent samples and nearly 70 000 participants were used to test multiple path models of the antecedents of militant and nonmilitant union participation. Variables moderating the relationship between union commitment and participation were examined. The magnitude of the relationship between commitment and militant participation was moderated by status‐based group membership (i.e., white collar versus blue collar), supporting a contingency model of union participation. Results updated and further developed an integrative model of union participation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cationic contrast agents improve quantification of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content by contrast enhanced CT imaging of cartilage
Authors: Bansal Prashant N. , Joshi Neel S. , Entezari Vahid , Malone Bethany C. , Stewart Rachel C. , Snyder Brian D. , Grinstaff Mark W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMinimally invasive and non‐destructive methods to quantify glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in articular cartilage extracellular matrix are of significant interest for the biochemical analysis of cartilage and diagnosis and tracking of osteoarthritis in vivo. Here, we report the use of cationic iodinated contrast agents in comparison to conventional anionic contrast agents for the quantitative monitoring of GAG concentrations with peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Using an ex vivo bovine osteochondral plug model, the cationic contrast agents were evaluated for their ability to distribute into articular cartilage and generate a positive relationship with GAG content. The cationic agents resulted in much higher equilibrium X‐ray attenuations in cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) than anionic agents. Experiments with samples subjected to enzymatic GAG degradation demonstrated that the cationic agents were up to five times more sensitive (p = 0.0001) to changes in GAG content and had a 24% higher correlation (p = 0.002) compared to the anionic agent (R2 = 0.86, p < 0.0001 compared with R2 = 0.62, p = 0.004). The natural inhomogeneous distribution of GAGs in the ECM could clearly be identified in undegraded samples. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:704–709, 2011
P2Y2 receptors and GRK2 are involved in oscillatory fluid flow induced ERK1/2 responses in chondrocytes
Authors: Xing Yanghui , Gu Yan , Gomes Ronald R. , You Jun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMechanical loading is an important factor regulating cartilage metabolism maintained by chondrocytes. However, some of its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed a chondrogenic cell line ATDC5 to investigate roles of P2Y2 and GRK2 in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. We first confirmed the expression of chondrocyte markers in differentiated ATDC5 cells. We then exposed both differentiated and undifferentiated ATDC5 cells to oscillatory fluid flow, and found that differentiated ATDC5 cells responded to oscillatory fluid flow by increasing COX‐2 and aggrecan expressions. More importantly, fluid flow induced ERK1/2 response in differentiated cells was increased more than 10 times compared to those in undifferentiated cells. Furthermore, we found that P2Y2 mRNA and protein levels in differentiated ATDC5 cells were significantly higher than those in undifferentiated cells. In contrast, GRK2 protein levels in differentiated cells were significantly lower than those in undifferentiated cells. Finally, overexpressions of P2Y2 and GRK2 in differentiated ATDC5 cells result in a 34% increase and a 21% decrease of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation, respectively, in response to oscillatory fluid flow, suggesting important roles of P2Y2 and GRK2 in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:828–833
Preharvest bagging with wavelength‐selective materials enhances development and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Nam Dok Mai #4
Authors: Chonhenchob Vanee , Kamhangwong Damrongpol , Kruenate Jittiporn , Khongrat Krittaphat , Tangchantra Nantavat , Wichai Uthai , Singh S Paul 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Preharvest bagging has been shown to improve development and quality of fruits. Different light transmittance bags showed different effects on fruit quality. This study presents the benefits of using newly developed plastic bagging materials with different wavelength‐selective characteristics for mangoes (cv. Nam Dok Mai #4). Mangoes were bagged at 45 days after full bloom (DAFB) and randomly harvested at 65, 75, 85, 95, and 105 DAFB. The bags were removed on the harvest days. The wavelength‐selective bags (no pigment, yellow, red, blue/violet, blue) were compared with the Kraft paper bag with black paper liner, which is currently used commercially for several fruits, and with non‐bagging as a control.RESULTS: Bagging significantly (p⩽0.05) reduced diseases and blemishes. Mango weight at 95 DAFB was increased approximately 15% by VM and V plastic bagging, as compared to paper bagging and control. Plastic bagging accelerated mango ripening as well as growth. Plastic‐bagged mangoes reached maturity stage at 95 DAFB, while non‐bagged mangoes reached maturity stage at 105 DAFB. Paper bagging resulted in a pale‐yellow peel beginning at 65 DAFB, while plastic bagging improved peel glossiness.CONCLUSION: Preharvest bagging with different wavelength‐selective materials affected mango development and quality. Bagging mangoes with VM and V materials could reduce peel defects and diseases, increase weight, size, and sphericity, improve peel appearance, and shorten the development periods of mangoes. The results suggest a favorable practice using the newly developed VM and V plastic bags in the production of mangoes, and possibly other fruits as well. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Two concentric fiber diameters in one laser light cable
Authors: Andreasch Wolfgang , Huber Rudolf , Mock Daniel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDifferent applications for laser material processing, such as cutting and welding, require a modification in the laser beam's quality to produce the best results. Therefore, when switching applications, it is usually necessary to change the laser light cable. The new 2in1 fiber that TRUMPF has developed for the Trulaser cell 7040 fiber contains two concentric fiber core diameters in just one laser light cable. During the cutting process, the laser beam is guided into the inner fiber core and during welding into the outer ring core. The 2in1 fiber causes the laser light to reach the work‐piece with just the right depth of sharpness and the correct beam diameter.
Non‐destructive detection of corrosion applied to steel and galvanized steel coated with organic paints by the pulsed phase thermography
Authors: Schönberger A. , Virtanen S. , Giese V. , Schröttner H. , Spießberger C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOrganic coatings in the automobile industry have to resist corrosion and mechanical damage from stone chipping. Currently, no tool is established in industrial non‐destructive applications for analyzing the damage of stone‐impacts and the following corrosion after accelerated corrosion tests. Measurement methods such as the scanning Kelvin probe can analyze the corrosion progress in a detailed manner, but with a long measurement time. The pulsed phase thermography (PPT) is a non‐destructive tool to analyze inhomogeneities and defects in materials, with a huge field of applications existing. The present work shows advances in using the PPT to detect propagation of corrosion under coatings. Physical principles of the mechanism of the corrosion detection under coatings are described. Results of measurements of organic coatings on carbon steel as well as of organic coated galvanized steel show the corrosion propagation. Influencing factors to the measurement such as the thickness of the coatings are investigated, but no significant effect on the quality of the analysis was found. The corrosion progress can be monitored by the PPT fast and reliably. The achieved results correlate with the theoretical basis and the test results after surface characterization and destructive analysis of samples.