bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Europe as Ideological Resource
Authors: Lorimer Marta 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
How did the far right go from illegitimate fringe to contender for public office, and did Europe have anything to do with it? This book argues that European integration functioned as an ideological resource for far-right parties looking for legitimation because it enabled them to refashion their political message in a more acceptable form, while maintaining the allegiance of their existing supporters. Drawing on the qualitative analysis of over 400 documents produced by the Movimento Sociale Italiano/Alleanza Nazionale in Italy (1978–2009) and the Rassemblement National in France (1978–2019), the book identifies the core concepts and discourses the parties used to talk about Europe, and the legitimation mechanisms associated with them. The book’s narrative is developed through the analysis of four key concepts: the concept of identity, which enabled the parties to transnationalize their message and create a positive association between themselves and Europe; the concept of liberty, which made it possible for them to foster an image of actors holding uncontroversial positions; the concept of threat, which helped them promote the idea that ‘desperate times call for desperate measures’; and the concept of national interest, which helped them stress commitment to core principles in their ideology. Ever since its re-emergence on the European political scene, scholars have sought to explain the mainstreaming of the far right. By understanding how the process of European integration facilitated its transition from the margins to the mainstream, this book adds one piece to the puzzle of far-right legitimation.
Dehumanization in the Global Migration Crisis
Authors: de Ruiter Adrienne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
What can we learn about dehumanization from the global migration crisis? In reporting on the hardships that refugees, asylum seekers, and other migrants face, scholars, journalists, commentators, and displaced persons themselves have frequently described their mistreatment using the term dehumanization. Yet, while this notion is commonly used or alluded to, it is rarely defined or conceptualized. This is surprising since its meaning is far from clear. Does dehumanization concern conditions of severe destitution in refugee camps, which do not allow for minimally decent living standards? Should we think of political games in which displaced people are perceived, portrayed, and treated as undesirable burdens or bargaining chips? Or is it about the ways in which (forced) migrants may come to feel alienated from their own humanity? This book examines what dehumanization entails through a critical study of the various forms of social and moral exclusion to which people are exposed in the global migration crisis. It presents a philosophical account of dehumanization that is empirically grounded in both the lived experiences of (forced) migrants and prevailing accounts of their treatment. The central argument is that dehumanization consists in a distinct form of moral exclusion that is characterized by neglect of or contempt for the moral status of human beings, which expresses itself in blindness for the significance of the human subjectivity of victims as a moral factor that should be taken into consideration.
The Conflict of Laws
Authors: Briggs Adrian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The book examines and analyses private international law—the conflict of jurisdictions, the conflict of judgments and the conflict of laws, in the aftermath of Brexit. Where retained EU laws are to be assimilated into the structure of the subject, the problems to which this may give rise are dealt with and solutions proposed. The theory underpinning the subject is exposed, for without an understanding of what the conflict of laws does, and why it does it, the detail of the law can appear overwhelming, when the truth is the opposite: almost every decision and principle can be seen to be part of a rational, coherent, structure. Where criticism—whether of legislation or the absence of legislation, or of judicial decisions—is called for, it is made. Punches are not pulled. Where the law has been let down by legislators or judges (not only in London), the shortcomings are explained, the better to help the reader appreciate what the subject, taken as a whole, seeks to do. Where reform is necessary, the need is explained. But above all, the reading is intended to be fun, or at least provocative. For as soon as the reader is stimulated to produce his or her own thought, reaction and assessment, the book will have achieved its most important purpose.
Interpretational Remarks
Authors: Pearle Philip 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how, from the abstract statevector, one can extract reliable statements about what is observed, following the author’s favorite approach. It begins by defining “stuff” the absolute magnitude squared of the scalar product of the state vector with a basis. Singled out is the eigenbasis of the particle number operator in an arbitrary volume V. A criterion for “observability” is given: one can say that the particle number in V is observed when the ratio of standard deviation of this operator to its mean value is “sufficiently small.” If the criterion is satisfied, one can say that the mean value is the number of particles in V. The chapter goes on to provide examples of application of the criterion. Among these, one shows that, during a measurement, it is possible for the state of an apparatus to “briefly” not be observable, but the time interval of unobservability is less than human perception time. Lastly, the chapter discusses “tail” issue, that collapse never goes to completion in a finite time. It argues that the tiny amplitude state (superposed with the observed state) can be neglected since it gives rise to no observable particles.
Supplement to Chapter 6
Authors: Pearle Philip 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter supplements Chapter 6. It provides details regarding a number of calculations related to experiments. These experiments are “spontaneous” excitation of bound states (that is, the rate of 1s electrons ejected from Germanium atoms with a subsequent photon shower as it collides with other Ge atoms), a relativistically invariant model (where the collapse-generating operator is a scalar quantum field, leading to an, unfortunately, infinite rate of production of particles), the random walk of an extended object in CSL and, finally, the decay of particle number in a Bose–Einstein condensate due to CSL heating.
Suicidal ideation in police officers and associated risk factors: A systematic review
Authors: Talavera-Velasco Beatriz , Gutiérrez-Carvajal Alicia , Martín-García Jesús , Luceño-Moreno Lourdes 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Research shows that police officers are at greater risk of suicidal ideation than the general population, with few workers seeking help. However, there is little research on suicidal ideation among police officers. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review, categorize, and identify the risk factors associated with suicidal ideation in this particular group, with the aim of preventing suicidal thoughts in these professionals. Articles published between 2018 and 2023 were reviewed using the PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Nine scientific articles were obtained from a total of 119 studies. Being a woman, being older, being single, having high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and suffering from anxiety, depression, or alcohol, and substance use are among the risk factors associated with suicidal ideation among police officers. Taking these factors into account is considered essential to improve the well-being of these workers.
Dissecting caspase-2-mediated cell death: from intrinsic PIDDosome activation to chemical modulation
Authors: Zeng Mengxue , Wang Kun , Wu Qingcui , Ding Jingjin , Xie Dan , Qi Xiangbing , Shao Feng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Caspase-2, a highly conserved member of the caspase family, is considered an initiator caspase that triggers apoptosis in response to some cellular stresses. Previous studies suggest that an intracellular multi-protein complex PIDDosome, induced by genotoxic stress, serves as a platform for caspase-2 activation. Due to caspase-2’s inability to process effector caspases, however, the mechanism underlying caspase-2-mediated cell death upon PIDDosome activation remains unclear. Here, we conducted an unbiased genome-wide genetic screen and identified that the Bcl2 family protein BID is required for PIDDosome-induced, caspase-2-mediated apoptosis. PIDDosome-activated caspase-2 directly and functionally processes BID to signal the mitochondrial pathway for apoptosis induction. In addition, a designed chemical screen identified a compound, HUHS015, which specifically activates caspase-2-mediated apoptosis. HUHS015-stimulated apoptosis also requires BID but is independent of the PIDDosome. Through extensive structure–activity relationship efforts, we identified a derivative with a potency of ~60 nmol/L in activating caspase-2-mediated apoptosis. The HUHS015-series of compounds act as efficient agonists that directly target the interdomain linker in caspase-2, representing a new mode of initiator caspase activation. Human and mouse caspase-2 differ in two crucial residues in the linker, rendering a selectivity of the agonists for human caspase-2. The caspase-2 agonists are valuable tools to explore the physiological roles of caspase-2-mediated cell death and a base for developing small-molecule drugs for relevant diseases.
The utilization of chitosan/Bletilla striata hydrogels to elevate anti-adhesion, anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenesis properties of polypropylene mesh in abdominal wall repair
Authors: Di Yuntao , Wang Lu , He Wei , Liu Shuyan , He Yuqi , Liao Jie , Zhang Ruihong , Yin Lan , Xu Zhiwei , Li Xiaoming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) mesh is commonly used in abdominal wall repair due to its ability to reduce the risk of organ damage, infections and other complications. However, the PP mesh often leads to adhesion formation and does not promote functional tissue repair. In this study, we synthesized one kind of aldehyde Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSPA) modified chitosan (CS) hydrogel based on Schiff base reaction. The hydrogel exhibited a porous network structure, a highly hydrophilic surface and good biocompatibility. We wrapped the PP mesh inside the hydrogel and evaluated the performance of the resulting composites in a bilateral 1 × 1.5 cm abdominal wall defect model in rats. The results of gross observation, histological staining and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the positive impact of the CS hydrogel on anti-adhesion and wound healing effects. Notably, the addition of BSPA to the CS hydrogel further improved the performance of the composites in vivo, promoting wound healing by enhancing collagen deposition and capillary rearrangement. This study suggested that the BSPA-modified CS hydrogel significantly promoted the anti-adhesion, anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenesis properties of PP meshes during the healing process. Overall, this work offers a novel approach to the design of abdominal wall repair patches.
Striatal Functional Hypoconnectivity in Patients With Schizophrenia Suffering From Negative Symptoms, Longitudinal Findings
Authors: Geffen Tal , Hardikar Samyogita , Smallwood Jonathan , Kaliuzhna Mariia , Carruzzo Fabien , Böge Kerem , Zierhut Marco Matthäus , Gutwinski Stefan , Katthagen Teresa , Kaiser Stephan , Schlagenhauf Florian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia (SZ), such as apathy and diminished expression, have limited treatments and significantly impact daily life. Our study focuses on the functional division of the striatum: limbic—motivation and reward, associative—cognition, and sensorimotor—sensory and motor processing, aiming to identify potential biomarkers for negative symptoms.

Study Design
This longitudinal, 2-center resting-state-fMRI (rsfMRI) study examines striatal seeds-to-whole-brain functional connectivity. We examined connectivity aberrations in patients with schizophrenia (PwSZ), focusing on stable group differences across 2-time points using intra-class-correlation and associated these with negative symptoms and measures of cognition. Additionally, in PwSZ, we used negative symptoms to predict striatal connectivity aberrations at the baseline and used the striatal aberration to predict symptoms 9 months later.

Study Results
A total of 143 participants (77 PwSZ, 66 controls) from 2 centers (Berlin/Geneva) participated. We found sensorimotor-striatum and associative-striatum hypoconnectivity. We identified 4 stable hypoconnectivity findings over 3 months, revealing striatal-fronto-parietal-cerebellar hypoconnectivity in PwSZ. From those findings, we found hypoconnectivity in the bilateral associative striatum with the bilateral paracingulate-gyrus and the anterior cingulate cortex in PwSZ. Additionally, hypoconnectivity between the associative striatum and the superior frontal gyrus was associated with lower cognition scores in PwSZ, and weaker sensorimotor striatum connectivity with the superior parietal lobule correlated negatively with diminished expression and could predict symptom severity 9 months later.

Conclusions
Importantly, patterns of weaker sensorimotor striatum and superior parietal lobule connectivity fulfilled the biomarker criteria: clinical significance, reflecting underlying pathophysiology, and stability across time and centers.
Interindividual differences in mindfulness are linked to sleep-electroencephalographic characteristics
Authors: Wunderlin Marina , Studler Mirjam , Gianotti Lorena R R , Züst Marc A , Knoch Daria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Mindfulness describes the ability to focus on the presence, including one’s thoughts and feelings. Trait mindfulness—a person’s inherent tendency to be mindful—has been connected to increased subjective sleep quality, but evidence from objective EEG-based sleep measures is lacking. Here, we investigate whether objective EEG-based sleep parameters explain interindividual differences in trait mindfulness.

Methods
Whole-night polysomnographic data were gathered from 52 healthy adults (27 females; agemean = 21.5 [SE = 0.28]) in their homes using a portable high-density EEG device. Trait mindfulness was assessed using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire short form (FFMQ-SF).

Results
Trait mindfulness was positively correlated at trend level with the percentage of rapid eye movement (REM), but not N1, N2, or slow wave sleep. Additionally, those exhibiting less REM beta/gamma power and NREM beta power displayed higher trait mindfulness and vice versa. Lastly, we replicated findings connecting higher trait mindfulness to better subjective sleep quality.

Conclusions
REM sleep is pivotal for emotional processing. Decreased REM high-frequency activity was suggested to reflect adrenergic reduction that defuses affective experiences. Increased NREM high-frequency activity is a marker for cognitive hyperarousal in insomnia. We speculate that differences in trait mindfulness might be explained by differences in REM- and NREM-sleep functions that promote ideal emotional regulation and prevent hyperarousal.
Anti-osteoporosis activity of casticin in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Zhang Dong , Li Jianmin , Li Xuejia , Liu Wanxin , Yu Ying , Sun Hao , Wu Jiajun , Ge Zhichao , Lv Kai , Shao Yanting , Wang Shuqiang , Ye Xiaojian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMPO) is the most familiar type of osteoporosis, a silent bone disease. Casticin, a natural flavonoid constituent, improves osteoporosis in animal model. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism remains to be further explored.

Methods
A model of PMPO was established in rats treated with ovariectomy (OVX) and RAW 264.7 cells induced with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). The effect and potential mechanism of casticin on PMPO were addressed by pathological staining, measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), three-point bending test, serum biochemical detection, filamentous-actin (F-actin) ring staining, TRAcP staining, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and examination of oxidative stress indicators.

Results
The casticin treatment increased the femoral trabecular area, bone maturity, BMD, elastic modulus, maximum load, the level of calcium and estrogen with the reduced concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in OVX rats. An enhancement in the F-actin ring formation, TRAcP staining and the relative mRNA expression of NFATc1 and TRAP was observed in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells, which was declined by the treatment of casticin. Moreover, the casticin treatment reversed the reduced the relative protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and the concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the increased content of malondialdehyde both in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusion
Casticin improved bone density, bone biomechanics, the level of calcium and estrogen, the release of pro-inflammatory factor and oxidative stress to alleviate osteoporosis, which was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
The response of physiological and xylem anatomical traits under cadmium stress in Pinus thunbergii seedlings
Authors: Li Shan , Li Huan , Wang Jing , Lu Sen , Liu Zepeng , Jia Honglei , Wei Ting , Guo Junkang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Studying the response of physiological and xylem anatomical traits under cadmium stress is helpful to understand plants’ response to heavy metal stress. Here, seedlings of Pinus thunbergii Parl. were treated with 50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1 Cd2+ for 28 days. Cadmium and nonstructural carbohydrate content of leaves, stems and roots, root Cd2+ flux, cadmium distribution pattern in stem xylem and phloem, stem xylem hydraulic traits, cell wall component fractions of stems and roots, phytohormonal content such as abscisic acid, gibberellic acid 3, molecule -indole-3-acetic acid, and jasmonic acid from both leaves and roots, as well as xylem anatomical traits from both stems and roots were measured. Root Cd2+ flux increased from 50 to 100 mmol L−1 Cd2+ stress, however it decreased at 150 mmol L−1 Cd2+. Cellulose and hemicellulose in leaves, stems and roots did not change significantly under cadmium stress, while pectin decreased significantly. The nonstructural carbohydrate content of both leaves and stems showed significant changes under cadmium stress while the root nonstructural carbohydrate content was not affected. In both leaves and roots, the abscisic acid content significantly increased under cadmium stress, while the gibberellic acid 3, indole-3-acetic acid and jasmonic acid methylester content significantly decreased. Both xylem specific hydraulic conductivity and xylem water potential decreased with cadmium stress, however tracheid diameter and double wall thickness of the stems and roots were not affected. High cadmium intensity was found in both the stem xylem and phloem in all cadmium stressed treatments. Our study highlighted the in situ observation of cadmium distribution in both the xylem and phloem, and demonstrated the instant response of physiological traits such as xylem water potential, xylem specific hydraulic conductivity, root Cd2+ flux, nonstructural carbohydrate content, as well as phytohormonal content under cadmium stress, and the less affected traits such as xylem anatomical traits, cellulose and hemicellulose.
Curricular Reform in Serious Illness Communication and Palliative Care: Using Medical Students’ Voices to Guide Change
Authors: Reidy Jennifer A. , Brizzi Kate , Chan Stephanie H. , Day Hollis , Epstein Scott K. , Fischer Melissa , Garg Priya S. , Gosline Anna , Jaramillo Carolina , Livne Emma , Mitchell Suzanne , Morgan Sarah , Olmsted Molly W. , Stebbins Patricia , Stumpf Isabella , Vesel Tamara , Yeh Irene M. , Young Megan E. , Goldman Roberta E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To gather and leverage the voices of students to drive creation of required, integrated palliative care curricula within undergraduate medical education in Massachusetts, which is lacking in a majority of U.S. medical schools.

Method
The study was conducted by the Massachusetts Medical Schools’ Collaborative, a working group committed to ensuring all medical students in Massachusetts receive foundational training in serious illness communication (SIC) and palliative care. Eight focus groups (2 per participating medical school) were conducted during January–May 2021 and included a total of 50 students from Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Tufts University School of Medicine, and the UMass Chan Medical School. Data collected from focus groups were discussed and coded. Themes were identified using the immersion/crystallization qualitative data analysis approach.

Results
Six key themes emerged. Students viewed SIC as essential to high-quality medical practice regardless of specialty, and believed training in SIC skills and palliative care should be required in medical school curricula. Students preferred to learn and practice these skills using frameworks, particularly in real-world situations. Students recognized the expertise of palliative care specialists and described them as a scarce, often misunderstood resource in health care. Students reported it was mostly “luck” if they were included in family meetings and observed good role models. Finally, students desired practice in debriefing after difficult and emotional situations.

Conclusions
This study confirms long-standing themes on students’ experiences with SIC and palliative care topics, including feeling inadequately prepared to care for seriously ill patients as future physicians. Our study collected students’ perspectives as actionable data to develop recommendations for curricular change. Collaborative faculty also created recommendations based on the focus group data for immediate and ongoing SIC and palliative care curricular change in Massachusetts, which can apply to medical schools nationwide.
Sacroiliitis in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Malik Fardina , Weisman Michael H. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
This review summarizes the recent evidence regarding the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated sacroiliitis, including the prevalence, pathogenesis, role of imaging, and therapeutic challenges.

Recent findings
Sacroiliitis is an underappreciated musculoskeletal manifestation of IBD, a chronic inflammatory condition of the gut affecting the younger population. Untreated sacroiliitis can lead to joint destruction and chronic pain, further adding to morbidity in IBD patients. Recent publications suggest sacroiliitis can be detected on abdominal imaging obtained in IBD patients to study bowel disease, but only a small fraction of these patients were seen by rheumatologists. Early detection of IBD-associated sacroiliitis could be achieved by utilization of clinical screening tools in IBD clinics, careful examination of existing computed tomography and MRI studies, and timely referral to rheumatologist for further evaluation and treatment. Current treatment approaches for IBD and sacroiliitis include several targeted biologic therapies, but IBD-associated sacroiliitis has limited options, as these therapies may not overlap in both conditions.

Summary
With the advances in imaging, sacroiliitis is an increasingly recognized comorbidity in IBD patients. Future studies focusing on this unique patient population will expand our understanding of complex pathophysiology of IBD-associated sacroiliitis and lead to identification of novel targeted therapies for this condition.