bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic Information Systems and Emergency Care Planning
Authors: Carr Brendan G. , Addyson Daniel K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRapid access to emergency care can be life‐saving, and geography is an important determinant of access to care. In this article, the authors review the organization of emergency care in the United States and describe the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to describe and solve health‐related problems. The distribution of and access to medical resources, especially in the case of time‐sensitive conditions, embodies the core concepts of geography—the relationship between place, time, and physical phenomena. The authors propose the expanded use of GIS in the development of the emergency care system and suggest that a transparent inventory of emergency care resources, coupled with an understanding of how access to appropriate care influences outcomes, can inform the creation of a regionalized, coordinated, and accountable emergency care system.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17: 1274–1278 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Dolosigranulum pigrum causing biomaterial‐associated arthritis
Authors: JOHNSEN BJØRN ODD , RØNNING ELSE JOHANNE , ONKEN ANNETTE , FIGVED WENDER , JENUM PÅL A. 
Published: December 2010

Johnsen BO, Rønning EJ, Onken A, Figved W, Jenum PA. Dolosigranulum pigrum causing biomaterial‐associated arthritis. APMIS 2010; 119: 85–7. Dolosigranulum pigrum is a gram‐positive, catalase‐negative bacteria rarely associated with disease. We report a case of biomaterial‐associated arthritis in an immunocompetent patient caused by D. pigrum. The organism was isolated from a synovial biopsy specimen and its identity confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of ZnT3 and ZnT8 affects production and secretion of insulin and apoptosis in INS‐1E cells
Authors: PETERSEN ANDREAS B. , SMIDT KAMILLE , MAGNUSSON NILS E. , MOORE FABRICE , EGEFJORD LÆRKE , RUNGBY JØRGEN 
Published: December 2010

Petersen AB, Smidt K, Magnusson NE, Moore F, Egefjord L, Rungby J. siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of ZnT3 and ZnT8 affects production and secretion of insulin and apoptosis in INS‐1E cells. APMIS 2010; 119: 93–102.Zinc is essential for the crystallization of insulin in pancreatic β‐cells and is thought to induce apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner, thereby regulating β‐cell mass. Therefore, a tight intracellular regulation of Zn2+ is required. The zinc‐transporter family SLC30A is an important factor in the regulation of zinc homeostasis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the zinc transporters ZnT3 and ZnT8 on insulin metabolism and apoptosis. Both these proteins are present in pancreatic β‐cells and have been linked to diabetes. The objective of our study was to perform a considerable siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of ZnT3 and ZnT8 in INS‐1E cells, a pancreatic β‐cell model, and afterwards examine the impact on cell viability and insulin metabolism. Increased levels of apoptosis were observed after knock‐down of both ZnT3 and ZnT8. Insulin secretion was significantly reduced by ZnT3 knock‐down, whereas knock‐down of ZnT8 resulted in increased intracellular content of insulin accompanied by a relatively lowered secretion. Both zinc transporters in this way seem to play a role in β‐cell survival and the ability of these cells to react appropriately to surrounding glucose concentrations.
A porcine model of acute, haematogenous, localized osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus: a pathomorphological study
Authors: JOHANSEN LOUISE KRUSE , FREES DORTE , AALBÆK BENT , KOCH JANNE , IBURG TINE , NIELSEN OLE LERBERG , LEIFSSON PALL SKULI , JENSEN HENRIK ELVANG 
Published: December 2010

Johansen LK, Frees D, Aalbæk B, Koch J, Iburg T, Nielsen OL, Leifsson PS, Jensen HE. A porcine model of acute, haematogenous, localized osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus: a pathomorphological study, APMIS 2010; 119: 111–8.A porcine model of acute, haematogenous, localized osteomyelitis was established. Serial dilutions of Staphylococcus aureus [5–50–500–5000–50 000 CFU/kg body weight (BW) suspended in saline or saline alone] were inoculated into the right brachial artery of pigs (BW 15 kg) separated into six groups of two animals. During the infection, blood was collected for cultivation, and after the animals were killed from day 5 to 15, they were necropsied and tissues were sampled for histopathology. Animals receiving ≤500 CFU/kg BW were free of lesions. Pigs inoculated with 5000 and 50 000 CFU/kg BW only developed microabscesses in bones of the infected legs. In the centre of microabscesses, S. aureus was regularly demonstrated together with necrotic neutrophils. Often, bone lesions resulted in trabecular osteonecrosis. The present localized model of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis revealed a pattern of development and presence of lesions similar to the situation in children. Therefore, this model should be reliably applied in studies of this disease with respect to e.g. pathophysiology and pathomorphology. Moreover, because of the regional containment of the infection to a defined number of bones, the model should be applicable also for screening of new therapy strategies.
Effect of xylitol and other carbon sources on Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation and gene expression in vitro
Authors: KUROLA PAULA , TAPIAINEN TERHI , SEVANDER JENNY , KAIJALAINEN TARJA , LEINONEN MAIJA , UHARI MATTI , SAUKKORIIPI ANNIKA 
Published: December 2010

Kurola P, Tapiainen T, Sevander J, Kaijalainen T, Leinonen M, Uhari M, Saukkoriipi A. Effect of xylitol and other carbon sources on Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation and gene expression in vitro. APMIS 2010; 119: 135–42.Xylitol inhibits the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In clinical trials, xylitol decreased the occurrence of acute otitis media in day‐care children, but did not decrease nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci. We hypothesized that xylitol inhibits biofilm formation of pneumococci, and measured biofilm formation and gene expression levels of the capsule gene cpsB and two other genes: autolysin encoding gene lytA and competence gene comA in different growth media in vitro. Twenty pneumococcal isolates were grown on polystyrene plates for 18 h in test media containing 0.5% xylitol, 0.5% glucose, 0.5% xylitol and 0.5% glucose, 0.5% fructose, 0.5% xylitol and 0.5% fructose or brain heart infusion (BHI) medium supplemented with 10% horse serum. Gene expression levels were measured after 5 h of growth using a relative quantification method with calibrator normalization. Exposure to xylitol lowered OD values, which were used as an indication of biofilm, compared with BHI medium, but when the medium was supplemented with glucose or fructose, biofilm formation was enhanced and the inhibitory effect of xylitol on biofilm formation was not observed. Xylitol also lowered lytA expression levels. Changes in biofilm formation in response to different sugar compounds may partly explain the efficacy of xylitol to prevent acute otitis media in previous clinical trials.
Early HIV‐1 Target Cells in Human Vaginal and Ectocervical Mucosa
Authors: Shen Ruizhong , Richter Holly E. , Smith Phillip D. 
Published: December 2010

Citation Shen R, Richter HE, Smith PD. Early HIV‐1 target cells in human vaginal and ectocervical mucosa. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 261–267After translocation through the pleuristratified epithelium of the lower female genital tract, HIV‐1 encounters potential target mononuclear cells in the lamina propria of the vagina and ectocervix. Here we show that each major type of genital mononuclear cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and lymphocytes, are susceptible to HIV‐1 in vitro. Among suspensions of vaginal and ectocervical mononuclear cells, DCs were the first cells to take up virus, containing GFP‐tagged virions as early as 15 min after exposure. At 2 hr after exposure, DCs still contained the largest proportion of HIV‐1+ cells compared to lamina propria macrophages and lymphocytes from the same mucosal compartment. By 4 days, however, lymphocytes from both vaginal and ectocervical mucosa supported the highest level of HIV‐1 replication. Genital macrophages from the same mucosal tissues also were permissive to HIV‐1, in sharp contrast to intestinal macrophages, which we have shown previously do not support HIV‐1 replication. Thus, among human vaginal and ectocervical mononuclear target cells, DCs are the first to take up HIV‐1 and T cells support the most robust viral replication. Further characterization of the parameters of HIV‐1 infection in genital mononuclear cells will enhance our understanding of HIV‐1 infection in the female genital tract.
Overview of Regular Dialysis Treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2008)
Authors: Nakai Shigeru , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Masakane Ikuto , Wada Atsushi , Itami Noritomo , Ogata Satoshi , Kimata Naoki , Shigematsu Takashi , Shinoda Toshio , Syouji Tetsuo , Taniguchi Masatomo , Tsuchida Kenji , Nakamoto Hidetomo , Nishi Shinichi , Nishi Hiroshi , Hashimoto Seiji , Hasegawa Takeshi , Hanafusa Norio , Hamano Takayuki , Fujii Naohiko , Marubayashi Seiji , Morita Osamu , Yamagata Kunihiro , Wakai Kenji , Watanabe Yuzo , Iseki Kunitoshi , Tsubakihara Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA nationwide statistical survey of 4124 dialysis facilities was conducted at the end of 2008 and 4081 facilities (99.0%) responded. The number of patients undergoing dialysis at the end of 2008 was determined to be 283 421, an increase of 8179 patients (3.0%) compared with that at the end of 2007. The number of dialysis patients per million at the end of 2008 was 2220. The crude death rate of dialysis patients from the end of 2007 to the end of 2008 was 9.8%. The mean age of the new patients begun on dialysis was 67.2 years and the mean age of the entire dialysis patient population was 65.3 years. For the primary diseases of the new patients begun on dialysis, the percentages of patients with diabetic nephropathy and chronic glomerulonephritis were 43.3% and 22.8%, respectively. Among the facilities that measured bacterial count in the dialysate solution in 2008, 52.0% of facilities ensured that a minimum dialysate solution volume of 10 mL was sampled. Among the patients treated by facility dialysis, 95.4% of patients were treated three times a week, and the average time required for one treatment was 3.92 ± 0.53 (SD) h. The average amounts of blood flow and dialysate solution flow were 197 ± 31 and 487 ± 33 mL/min, respectively. The number of patients using a polysulfone membrane dialyzer was the largest (50.7%) and the average membrane area was 1.63 ± 0.35 m2. According to the classification of dialyzers by function, the number of patients using a type IV dialyzer was the largest (80.3%). The average concentrations of each electrolyte before treatment in patients treated with blood purification by extracorporeal circulation were 138.8 ± 3.3 mEq/L for serum sodium, 4.96 ± 0.81 mEq/L for serum potassium, 102.1 ± 3.1 mEq/L for serum chloride, and 20.7 ± 3.0 mEq/L for HCO3‐; the average serum pH was 7.35 ± 0.05. Regarding the type of vascular access in patients treated by facility dialysis, in 89.7% of patients an arteriovenous fistula was used and in 7.1% an arteriovenous graft was used. The percentage of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐positive patients who were HCV‐negative in 2007 was 1.04%; the percentage is particularly high in patients with a period of dialysis of 20 years or longer. The risk of becoming HCV‐positive was high in patients with low serum creatinine, serum albumin, and serum total cholesterol levels, and/or a low body mass index before beginning dialysis.
Morphometric characteristics and chromatin integrity of spermatozoa in three Italian dog breeds
Authors: Lange‐Consiglio A. , Antonucci N. , Manes S. , Corradetti B. , Cremonesi F. , Bizzaro D. 
Published: December 2010

Objectives:Studies in many species indicate that variation of spermatozoan head morphology is a sensitive biomarker for abnormal chromatin structure and resultant clinical fertility. This preliminary study evaluated spermatozoan head morphometry in different dog breeds and assessed whether morphometric parameters could reflect spermatozoan DNA fragmentation in dogs.Methods:Spermatozoan morphometry and DNA quality (measured by TUNEL flow cytometry) were assessed in semen from 11 dogs of three Italian breeds (Cirneco dell’Etna, Piccolo Levriero Italiano and Segugio Maremmano).Results:Morphometric data showed that Segugio dogs had significantly larger (33·67%) spermatozoa and that Piccolo Levrieros had a higher incidence of long (46·75%) and elliptical spermatozoan heads (11·5%) when compared with the samples from other breeds. Moreover, the predominance of elliptical spermatozoa in one dog (23%) was significantly related to the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA (12·6%), whereas in another dog, where no more than 1% of spermatozoa was elliptical, only 0·36% of spermatozoa had damaged DNA. It is noteworthy that the breeding record of the former dog in the previous 12 months showed poor fertility and fecundity.ClinicalSignificance:These data suggest that spermatozoan head morphometry could be breed related and that there is a significant correlation between DNA fragmentation and elliptical spermatozoa in individual animals. This finding, albeit limited in our study to a single case, is possibly related to clinical infertility.
Monitoring tigers with confidence
Authors: LINKIE Matthew , GUILLERA‐ARROITA Gurutzeta , SMITH Joseph , RAYAN D. Mark 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWith only 5% of the world's wild tigers (Panthera tigrisLinnaeus, 1758) remaining since the last century, conservationists urgently need to know whether or not the management strategies currently being employed are effectively protecting these tigers. This knowledge is contingent on the ability to reliably monitor tiger populations, or subsets, over space and time. In the this paper, we focus on the 2 seminal methodologies (camera trap and occupancy surveys) that have enabled the monitoring of tiger populations with greater confidence. Specifically, we: (i) describe their statistical theory and application in the field; (ii) discuss issues associated with their survey designs and state variable modeling; and, (iii) discuss their future directions. These methods have had an unprecedented influence on increasing statistical rigor within tiger surveys and, also, surveys of other carnivore species. Nevertheless, only 2 published camera trap studies have gone beyond single baseline assessments and actually monitored population trends. For low density tiger populations (e.g. <1 adult tiger/100 km2) obtaining sufficient precision for state variable estimates from camera trapping remains a challenge because of insufficient detection probabilities and/or sample sizes. Occupancy surveys have overcome this problem by redefining the sampling unit (e.g. grid cells and not individual tigers). Current research is focusing on developing spatially explicit capture‐mark‐recapture models and estimating abundance indices from landscape‐scale occupancy surveys, as well as the use of genetic information for identifying and monitoring tigers. The widespread application of these monitoring methods in the field now enables complementary studies on the impact of the different threats to tiger populations and their response to varying management intervention.
Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae): A review of conservation status
Authors: WIBISONO Hariyo T. , PUSPARINI Wulan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe majority of wild Sumatran tigers are believed to live in 12 Tiger Conservation Landscapes covering approximately 88 000 km2. However, the actual distribution of tigers across Sumatra has never been accurately mapped. Over the past 20 years, conservation efforts focused on the Sumatran tigers have increased, but the population continues to decline as a result of several key threats. To identify the status of the Sumatran tiger distribution across the island, an island‐wide questionnaire survey comprised of 35 respondents from various backgrounds was conducted between May and June 2010. The survey found that Sumatran tigers are positively present in 27 habitat patches larger than 250 km2 and possibly present in another 2. In addition, a review on major published studies on the Sumatran tiger was conducted to identify the current conservation status of the Sumatran tiger. Collectively, these studies have identified several key factors that have contributed to the decline of Sumatran tiger populations, including: forest habitat fragmentation and loss, direct killing of tigers and their prey, and the retaliatory killing of tigers due to conflict with villagers. The present paper provides management authorities and the international community with a recent assessment and a base map of the actual distribution of Sumatran tigers as well as a general overview on the current status and possible future conservation challenges of Sumatran tiger management.
Historic distribution and recent loss of tigers in China
Authors: KANG Aili , XIE Yan , TANG Jirong , SANDERSON Eric W. , GINSBERG Joshua R. , ZHANG Endi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHistorical records can provide important evidence of changes in distributions of wildlife species. Here we discuss the distribution of the tiger (Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758) over the past 2000 years in China based on 2635 historical records. We also compare tiger distributions outlined in these records with ecosystem type maps. Throughout this time period, tigers maintained a broad distribution across 7 biomes (from forests to deserts). However, in recent decades the range has been significantly condensed. Today, only 2 populations remain, neither of which is independently viable. Tigers have completely disappeared from the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of central China, a region that was traditionally their most important biome in China. The continued presence of wild tigers in China is highly dependent on significant conservation measures.
Cerebral air embolism complicating CT‐guided trans‐thoracic needle biopsy of the lung
Authors: Thomas Rajesh , Thangakunam Balamugesh , Cherian Rekha Alev , Gupta Richa , Christopher Devasahayam Jesudas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Systemic air embolism is recognized as a rare but potentially fatal complication of trans‐thoracic needle biopsy of the lung.Methods:  We report the case of a young female who developed fatal cerebral air embolism following computed tomography (CT) guided needle biopsy of a lung mass.Results:  Immediately after the procedure, the patient went into cardio‐respiratory arrest. Despite adequate resuscitation and ventilatory support, she showed little recovery in her neurological status and subsequently died. CT scan of the brain confirmed cerebral arterial air embolism.Conclusion:  Radiologists and physicians need to be aware of this rare but potentially fatal complication of needle lung biopsy.Please cite this paper as: Thomas R, Thangakunam B, Cherian R Gupta R and Christopher DJ. Cerebral air embolism complicating CT‐guided trans‐thoracic needle biopsy of the lung. Clin Respir J 2011; 5: e1–e3.
Modeling User Behavior for the Collaborative Platform “Portail Perseus”
Authors: Kohlenberg Josephine , Prathaban Mahendiran 
Published: December 2010

Today, and more than ever, communication is a key element in any project undertaken. The Internet is now part of our everyday life to instantly connecting people all around the world. Telecommunication and Internet services will not stay at only e-commerce but be evolved into other domains such as electronic services for communities, colleges, companies and further, which allow many different partners to communicate and get forward. The innovating project called PERSEUS is no different from other projects, which need to interconnect and ease the cooperation and coordination of the different participants originating from a wide variety of technical and non-technical domains.
A web portal called “Portail PERSEUS” was developed as a common interface between all those involved via the Internet. To provide the components of this comprehensive platform, a centralized server architecture is proposes. In order to achieve the best performances for all connected users, it is necessary to parameterize and tune the environment in which it will be hosted. Thus in this paper we presented the modeling of user behavior in the platform and their connectivity and also shown its performance analysis.
Finite Impulse Response Neural Networks with Applications in Speed Control of DC Motor Drive
Authors: Sallam A. S. , Mohamed H. A. 
Published: December 2010

An increasing number of applications of dynamic neural networks has been developed for digital signal processing (DSP), dynamic neural networks are feedforward neural networks with commonly used scalar synapses replaced by linear filters. This provides feedforward neural networks with the capability of performing dynamic mappings, which depend on past input values, dynamic neural networks are suitable for time series prediction, nonlinear system identification, and signal processing applications.
Their most popular types are Finite Impulse Response (FIR) neural networks, which are obtained by replacing synapses with finite impulse response filters. Due to their guaranteed stability characteristic and easy to minimize error surface they have been used with great success in many applications such as signal enhancement, noise cancellation, classification of input patterns, system identification, prediction, and control..
Most of the works on system identification using neural networks are based on multilayer feedforward neural networks with backpropagation learning or more efficient variations of this algorithm, an elegant method for training layered networks. This paper is based on work in a Dynamic System Modeling (DYSMO) and as an application for speed control of DC motor drive.