bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards sustainable development: Assessing social sustainability of Australian aged care system
Authors: Wang Kun , Ke Yongjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe importance of social sustainability, one of the three pillars of sustainable development, is increasingly recognised. Its implementation in the aged care system enhances stakeholders' quality of life and supports sustainable societal development. However, there is limited global research on social sustainability in aged care. This study aims to assess the overall social sustainability of the Australian aged care system and propose measures for its improvement. A conceptual framework was developed and applied to analyse the Final Report: Care, Dignity and Respect by the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety. The findings reveal that Australia's aged care system demonstrates significant deficiencies in social sustainability, with unequal access to care, services and facilities, and inadequate health and comfort for the elderly and their families. Employees contend with issues of unfair employment, insufficient compensation, unhealthy work environments, and inadequate education and training. Several measures are proposed to enhance social sustainability. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of social sustainability in the aged care system within a Western context. It enhances our understanding of the components of social sustainability in aged care, assesses its current status, identifies existing challenges, and provides possible directions for improvement. The insights from Australia's experience and potential solutions could inspire other countries to recognise the importance of social sustainability and reform their aged care systems towards sustainable development.
Reliable Low‐Current and Multilevel Memristive Electrochemical Neuromorphic Devices with Semi‐Metal Sb Filament
Authors: Zhuge Chenyu , Zhang Yukun , Jiang Jiandong , Li Xiang , Zhao Yanfei , Fu Yujun , Wang Qi , He Deyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMemristors are used in artificial neural networks owing to their exceptional integration capabilities and scalability. However, traditional memristors are hampered by limited resistance states and randomness, which curtails their application. The migration of metal ions critically influences the number of conductance states and the linearity of weight updates. Semi‐metal filaments can provide subquantum conductance changes to the memristors due to the smaller single‐atom conductance, such as Sb (≈0.01 G0 = 7.69 × 10−7 S). Here, a memristor featuring an active electrode composed of semi‐metal Sb is introduced for the first time. This memristor demonstrates precise conductance control, a large on/off ratio, consistent switching, and prolonged retention exceeding 105 s. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and characterization methods reveal the formation of Sb filaments during a set process. The interaction between Sb and O within the dielectric layer facilitates the Sb filaments' ability to preserve their morphology in the absence of electric fields.
A MOF‐Gel Based Separator for Suppressing Redox Mediator Shuttling in Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Baoxing , Liu Jiaheng , Mao Chenghui , Wang Fang , Yuan Shuai , Wang Xizhang , Hu Zheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRedox mediators (RMs) are widely utilized in the electrolytes of Li‐O2 batteries to catalyze the formation/decomposition of Li2O2, which significantly enhances the cycling performance and reduces the charge overpotential. However, RMs have a shuttle effect by migrating to the Li anode side and inducing Li metal degradation through a parasitic reaction. Herein, a metal‐organic framework gel (MOF‐gel) separator is proposed to restrain the shuttling of RMs. Compared to traditional MOF nanoparticles, MOF gels form uniform and dense films on the separators. When using Ru(acac)3 (ruthenium acetylacetonate) as an RM, the MOF‐gel separator suppresses the shuttling of Ru(acac)3 toward the Li anode side and significantly enhances the performance of Li‐O2 batteries. Specifically, Li‐O2 batteries exhibit an ultralong cycling life (410 cycles) at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Moreover, the batteries using the MOF‐gel/celgard separator exhibit significantly improved cycling performance (increase by ≈1.6 times) at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1 and a decreased charge/discharge overpotential. This result is expected to guide future development of battery separators and the exploration of redox mediators.
Ultrafast Unidirectional On‐Chip Heat Transfer
Authors: Yang Junbo , Liu Miao , Wang Tanhe , Meng Ge , Wang Zhaoyang , Guo Chunsheng , Lin Keng‐Te , Lin Han , Jia Baohua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEffective and rapid heat transfer is critical to improving electronic components' performance and operational stability, particularly for highly integrated and miniaturized devices in complex scenarios. However, current thermal manipulation approaches, including the recent advancement in thermal metamaterials, cannot realize fast and unidirectional heat flow control. In addition, any defects in thermal conductive materials cause a significant decrease in thermal conductivity, severely degrading heat transfer performance. Here, the utilization of silicon‐based valley photonic crystals (VPCs) is proposed and numerically demonstrated to facilitate ultrafast, unidirectional heat transfer through thermal radiation on a microscale. Utilizing the infrared wavelength region, the approach achieves a significant thermal rectification effect, ensuring continuous heat flow along designed paths with high transmission efficiency. Remarkably, the process is unaffected by temperature gradients due to the unidirectional property, maintaining transmission directionality. Furthermore, the VPCs' inherent robustness affords defect‐immune heat transfer, overcoming the limitations of traditional conduction methods that inevitably cause device heating, performance degradation, and energy waste. The design is fully CMOS compatible, thus will find broad applications, particularly for integrated optoelectronic devices.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Controlled CuOx/N,Se Co‐Doped Porous Carbon via Plasma‐Treatment for Enhanced Electro‐Reduction of Nitrate to Green Ammonia
Authors: Maeng Junbeom , Jang Daehee , Ha Jungseub , Ji Junhyuk , Heo Jaehyun , Park Yeji , Kim Subin , Kim Won Bae 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is of significance in regards of environmentally friendly issues and green ammonia production. However, relatively low performance with a competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a challenge to overcome for the NO3RR. In this study, oxygen vacancy‐controlled copper oxide (CuOx) catalysts through a plasma treatment are successfully prepared and supported on high surface area porous carbon that are co‐doped with N, Se species for its enhanced electrochemical properties. The oxygen vacancy‐increased CuOx catalyst supported on the N,Se co‐doped porous carbon (CuOx‐H/NSePC) exhibited the highest NO3RR performance with faradaic efficiency (FE) of 87.2% and yield of 7.9 mg cm−2 h−1 for the ammonia production, representing significant enhancements of FE and ammonia yield as compared to the un‐doped or the oxygen vacancy‐decreased catalysts. This high performance should be attributed to a significant increase in the catalytic active sites with facilitated energetics from strategies of doping the catalytic materials and weakening the N─O bonding strength for the adsorption of NO3− ions on the modulated oxygen vacancies. This results show a promise that co‐doping of heteroatoms and regulating of oxygen vacancies can be key factors for performance enhancement, suggesting new guidelines for effective catalyst design of NO3RR.
Balancing performance and comfort in virtual reality: A study of FPS, latency, and batch values
Authors: Geris Ali , Cukurbasi Baris , Kilinc Murat , Teke Orkun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis manuscript investigates the relationships among various performance metrics in a virtual reality (VR), namely frames per second (FPS), latency, batches, and the number of triangles (tris) and vertices (verts). The study aims to uncover correlations and directional associations between these metrics, shedding light on their impact on VR performance. The findings reveal a significant correlation between FPS and latency, albeit in opposite directions. Higher FPS values are associated with reduced latency, indicating that a smoother visual experience is accompanied by shorter delays in the VR. Conversely, lower FPS values are linked to increased latency, suggesting a potential degradation in overall system responsiveness. Additionally, a strong correlation is observed between latency and batches processed. This finding implies that latency has a direct impact on the system's ability to efficiently process and render objects within VR. Furthermore, a positive correlation is identified between the number of batches and the values of tris and verts. This relationship suggests that higher batch counts are associated with larger quantities of triangles and vertices, reflecting a more complex scene rendering process. Consequently, the performance of VR may be influenced by the density and intricacy of the virtual environments, as indicated by these metrics.
New paradigms of water‐enabled electrical energy generation
Authors: Li Zhengtong , Yang Tao , Zhang Jia‐Han , Meng Taotao , Melhi Saad , You Jungmok , Eguchi Miharu , Pan Likun , Yamauchi Yusuke , Xu Xingtao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNanotechnology‐inspired small‐sized water‐enabled electricity generation (WEG) has sparked widespread research interest, especially when applied as an electricity source for off‐grid low‐power electronic equipment and systems. Currently, WEG encompasses a wide range of physical phenomena, generator structures, and power generation environments. However, a systematic framework to clearly describe the connections and differences between these technologies is unavailable. In this review, a comprehensive overview of generator technologies and the typical mechanisms for harvesting water energy is provided. Considering the different roles of water in WEG processes, the related technologies are presented as two different scenarios. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the electrical potential formation in each WEG process is presented, and their similarities and differences are elucidated. Furthermore, a comprehensive compilation of advanced generator architectures and system designs based on hydrological cycle processes is presented, along with their respective energy efficiencies. These nanotechnology‐inspired small‐sized WEG devices show considerable potential for applications in the Internet of Things ecosystem (i.e., microelectronic devices, integrated circuits, and smart clothing). Finally, the prospects and future challenges of WEG devices are also summarized.
Photostimuli Reach a Selective Intermediate in a Microflow: One‐Shot Transformation from a Supramolecular Co‐Polymer to a Micro‐Disk Structure
Authors: Kaneyoshi Akira , Nomura Shota , Maeda Takato , Kusukawa Takahiro , Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Numata Munenori 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn supramolecular chemistry, photostimulants are generally combined with a static solution under thermodynamic equilibrium with no time progression. After reaching the thermodynamic state, self‐assembly events contain various species–a mixture of component molecules, intermediate species, and completed assemblies–which light reaches uniformly. In this study, snapshot control of supramolecular polymerization was first combined with pinpoint photoirradiation using a microflow system. Employing the azobenzene derivative trans‐C3NO as a monomer, a snapshot moment of supramolecular polymerization along a microflow channel was selectively irradiated with UV light at 365 nm in a space‐resolved manner, so that the monomers, intermediates (oligomers), or extended supramolecular polymers were selectively exposed to light stimuli. We found that a pinpoint photostimulus to each snapshot moment had a pronounced effect on the kinetic pathway by tuning the timing at which the snapshot moment of cis‐C3NO was generated. Upon irradiation in the upstream region, in the very early stages before initiating polymerization, supramolecular polymerization was suppressed by generating a less reactive cis‐C3NO monomer. However, photoirradiation does not affect the supramolecular polymers in the downstream region because of their stiff nature. Remarkably, when irradiating the middle stream region involving a soft‐natured intermediate species, supramolecular copolymerization occurred through in situ conversion from trans‐ and cis‐C3NO inside the primitive supramolecular polymer. Loose monomer stacking in the primitive aggregate endows it with mechanoresponsiveness. Under the influence of shear force in a Hagen–Poiseuille flow, the resultant supramolecular copolymers containing geometrically different cis‐isomers were rolled up and transformed into a micrometer‐sized disk‐like structure. During the in situ supramolecular copolymerization and transformation to the disk structure, a liquid–liquid interface generated in the laminar flow acted as a template to fix the orientation of the monomers and supramolecular polymers, leading to the uniform disk formation. Furthermore, monomers’ orientation in the aligned supramolecular polymers are fixed on the interface, on which light is always irradiated in an anisotropic manner. This results in both complexity at the molecular level and long‐range structural order such as regular rolling up at the micrometer range over the molecular scale. By incorporating the photostimulus system, microflow extends its potential for supramolecular chemistry.
Nonlinear instability of surface waves between viscous–liquid and subsonic‐gas layers subject to uniform oblique magnetic field
Authors: Assaf Ahmed , Hafez Noha M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNonlinear instability of surface waves between viscous–liquid and inviscid‐gas layers is discussed. The two fluids are magnetic and subjected to uniform oblique magnetic field. The gas is subsonic and the viscosity is introduced by viscous potential approximation. The evolution equations near and on the marginal state are derived by means of multiple scales technique. The stability criteria of the waves are obtained by the modulation idea. Many special cases of dispersion equation as well as solvability conditions correspond well the similar ones in the literature. Various numerical applications have been investigated to reveal the parameters effects on the system stability. Linear results show dual influences for magnetic field, sum of inclination angles and permeability ratio whereas the wavelength, gas motion, and inclination angle in the liquid tend to destabilize the flow. Nonlinear applications reveal dual role for the gas thickness, while it has a linear stable‐role. Moreover, nonlinearity shows dual roles for viscosity and liquid thickness, which have no influences according to linear theory. The investigation of stability using nonlinear theory seems more accurate to describe the (un)stable influences comparing with the linear one. The current work may be useful to give more accurate comprehension of stability process as well as to obtain the required conditions of stability by designing suitable devices, which control the model parameters.
Emission Free Energy Carriers and the Impact of Trade to Achieve the 1.5 °C Target: A Global Perspective of Hydrogen and Ammonia
Authors: Lippkau Felix , Rupakula Ganesh Deepak , Blesl Markus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo achieve the global 1.5 °C target and realize a climate-neutral energy system, decarbonizing all sectors of final energy consumption is crucial. Green hydrogen and green ammonia emerge as pivotal in decarbonizing, particularly in the industrial sector by 2100, given their potential as emission-free energy carriers. These can be efficiently produced in regions abundant in renewable resources, with lower production costs and then exported to high-demand areas. This study explores the most cost-effective global trade routes for supplying these energy carriers, considering future electricity production, the role of renewables by 2100, global emissions, final energy consumption, and the subsequent production and logistics of hydrogen and ammonia. We introduce four scenarios: Business-as-Usual (BAU), a 1.5 °C scenario (1_5D) aligning with specific CO2 budgets, and two variants of the 1_5D scenario (SoS1 and SoS2) with varying restrictions on imports and domestic production. Employing the TIMES Integrated Assessment Model (TIAM), our findings suggest a future energy landscape dominated by the electricity sector, with solar PV contributing over 50% of green electricity by 2100. Hydrogen demand could reach 13,500 TWh compared to 155,000 TWh global energy demand. Without import constraints, Middle East Asia, due to its renewable resource richness and strategic location, could fulfill the global demand for green hydrogen and ammonia.
Net-Zero Transition in Ukraine: Implications for Sustainable Development Goal 7
Authors: Chepeliev Maksym , Diachuk Oleksandr , Podolets Roman , Semeniuk Andrii , Trypolska Galyna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we use a TIMES-Ukraine energy system-wide model to explore net-zero transition in Ukraine. The assessment considers the potential implications of the ongoing war in the country and analyzes how the achievement of ambitious mitigation goals could impact the indicators related to the Sustainable Development Goal on energy, SDG7 (Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy). Results suggest that the net-zero transition would help improve several SDG7 indicators, including increased share of renewables in total final energy consumption, and increased energy affordability in the long run. However, in the medium run, increasing energy prices and rising investment needs might challenge the net-zero transition in the country. Overall cumulative investment needs increase by around 23% over the analyzed time horizon with the major portion being concentrated within the 2030–2045 timeframe. Major efforts need to be made to ensure the availability of a wide range of options for clean and green energy financing in Ukraine, including a reduction of the bond yield rates, creation of the specialized funds to support the ‘green’ transition, as well as the creation of a more competitive domestic environment through increasing mitigation ambition. If successfully implemented, these will allow Ukraine to rebuild the domestic energy system in a more technologically advanced and climate-friendly way, at the same time further supporting the country’s sustainable development agenda.
Low Energy Demand Scenarios for OECD Countries: Fairness, Feasibility and Potential Impacts on SDGs
Authors: Freeman Rachel , Seljom Pernille Merethe Sire , Valkering Pieter , Krook-Riekkola Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile the sustainable development goals (SDGs) are most challenging for developing countries, they apply equally to OECD member countries and are important to consider during these countries’ energy transition. Low energy demand (LED) scenarios, modelled with energy system optimisation models (ESOMs), show that there is potential for meeting national and global climate mitigation targets more economically and with less technological uncertainty, while buying time during the transition. Some LED scenario narratives envisage deeply transformative societal changes, while others are more focused on demand reduction with technology improvement measures such as energy efficiency. In a review of 11 LED modelling studies, demand reductions by 2050, compared to 2020, range from moderately (8%) to much higher (56%) than non-LED scenarios. SDG targets for OECD countries that are most likely to be negatively affected by a LED approach are poverty (1.2), overcoming inequality (10.1), and participatory decision making (16.7). Those SDGs more likely to see win-wins include access to energy (7.1), renewable energy (7.2), energy efficiency (7.3), and use of resources (12.2). When modelling LED scenarios in ESOMs, there should be more representation of the rebound effect and feedback between demand and economy, heterogeneity in societal responses to LED-type policies, and the idea of sufficiency to better reflect the novelty of pathways to achieving LED scenario narratives.
Assessing the Impact of Climate Variability on Wind Energy Potential in Decarbonization Scenarios in Energy Systems Models
Authors: Stecher Bryn , Jafari Taiba , Wu Lewis , Balyk Olexandr , Greene Áine , Glynn James 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnticipated changes in wind patterns and magnitudes due to climate change pose potential challenges to future wind energy potential. Using three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) across five global climate models, the impacts of climate variability on wind energy potential were assessed, utilizing the wind capacity factor as a comparable value. The evaluation includes all operating onshore and offshore wind farms globally over the remainder of the century. Adopting global statistical analysis methods and the TIMES United States model (TUSM), the influence of climate variability on wind energy is modeled, providing insights into how specific decarbonization scenarios impact the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). Results reveal minimal variation in capacity factor values among the SSP scenarios, indicating that wind energy is likely to remain a robust power generation source, regardless of the chosen decarbonization scenario. These findings hold important implications for wind turbine design, deployment strategies, and regional energy planning and policy. The study underscores the need to consider climate variability in decarbonization strategies, emphasizing the role of wind energy in aligning with the objectives of SDG 7 and SDG 11.
Clean and Affordable Norwegian Offshore Wind to Facilitate the Low-Carbon Transition
Authors: Haaskjold Kristina , Seljom Pernille 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNorwegian offshore wind power can be a significant electricity supply contributor to facilitate the Norwegian and European green transition. The Norwegian government aim to grant concessions of 30 GW offshore wind within 2040, however, the realisation of this target depends on numerous uncertainties, related to e.g., future development in technology, national energy demand, the European power market, as well as social acceptance of energy production and grid expansion. This chapter analyses the role and cost-competitiveness of offshore wind to facilitate the low-carbon transition towards 2050. The energy system model, IFE-TIMES-Norway, is used to quantify the techno-economic capacity and distribution of offshore wind towards 2050, along with its impact on the overall energy system. Our results demonstrate that the ambitions of the Norwegian government can be economically viable without the necessity of subsidies, however, the outcome depends on the future development of the European power market. Moreover, the correlation of the Norwegian offshore wind resources is relatively weak between the northern and southern regions, as well as with Northern European countries. Less simultaneity enables an overall smoother production across Europe, which can enhance energy security. Further, results show that Norwegian offshore wind can play a central role in the decarbonization of end-use sectors by enabling greater hydrogen production from electrolysis.