bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute and usual drinking among emergency trauma patients: a study on alcohol consumption and injury patterns
Authors: Kuendig H , Hasselberg M , Gmel G , Daeppen J-B , Laflamme L 
Published: August 2009

Objective:To investigate the relationship between usual and acute alcohol consumption among injured patients and, when combined, how they covary with other injury attributes.Methods:Data from a randomised sample of 486 injured patients interviewed in an emergency department (Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland) were analysed using the χ2test for independence and cluster analysis.Results:Acute alcohol consumption (24.7%) was associated with usual drinking and particularly with high volumes of consumption. Six injury clusters were identified. Over-representations of acute consumption were found in a cluster typical of injuries sustained through interpersonal violence and in another formed by miscellaneous circumstances. A third cluster, typical of sports injuries, was linked to a group of frequent heavy episodic drinkers (without acute consumption).Conclusions:Among injured patients, acute alcohol consumption is common and associated with usual drinking. Acute and/or usual consumption form part of some, but not all, injury clusters.
A comparison of booster seat use in Canadian provinces with and without legislation
Authors: Snowdon A , Rothman L , Slater M , Kolga C , Hussein A , Boase P , Howard A 
Published: August 2009

Background:The use of booster seats continues to be low, despite their effectiveness in reducing injury in motor vehicle collisions. Many jurisdictions have introduced legislation requiring the use of booster seats. To date, there have been no Canadian studies evaluating the effectiveness of legislation on booster seat use.Objectives:To describe restraint use among Canadian children aged 4–8 years, and compare booster seat use between provinces/territories with and without legislation.Methods:The data were obtained from a National Survey of Child Restraint Use/Misuse conducted between June and August 2006. A roadside observation survey was conducted at 182 sites across Canada. Weighted statistical analyses of differences in proportions were conducted, accounting for sampling stratification and clustering by car effects.Results:The roadside survey estimated that 24.6% of children aged 4–8 were restrained in booster seats in provinces with legislation, compared with 16.6% in provinces without (p<0.001).Conclusion:This is the first Canadian national study using direct observation to determine the effect of legislation on booster seat use. Provinces with legislation had higher booster seat use, but overall rates were still disappointingly low. Ongoing surveillance of child safety seat use and evaluation of effective adjuncts to legislation is required in order to see collision-related child deaths and injuries drop in the future.
New Zealand Drivers Study: a follow-up study of newly licensed drivers
Authors: Begg D , Langley J , Broughton J , Brookland R , Ameratunga S , McDowell A 
Published: August 2009

Background:Despite significant improvement since graduated licensing was introduced, traffic-related injury remains the leading cause of death and hospitalisation among young New Zealanders. Most research to date has used routinely collected crash data but has been limited in that these databases do not, and realistically cannot, include the level of detail required to ensure that learner driver policy and programmes are based on sound scientific evidence applicable to young drivers in the current New Zealand context.Objectives:To examine the driving-related experiences of newly licensed drivers to identify factors associated with increased or decreased risk of negative traffic outcomes.Design:Multistage prospective cohort study.Setting:New Zealand.Participants:Newly licensed drivers.Variables:Exposures: background demographic details, pre-licence driving, previous crashes, driving intentions, motivations for driving and licensing, sensation seeking, aggression, impulsivity, quality and quantity of driving experience, driving supervision, driving behaviour, alcohol and other drug use, compliance with New Zealand’s graduated driver licensing scheme, driver training/education, cell phone use, and sleep.Outcomes: crash, conviction, infringements, risky driving.Data sources:Exposures: participants and their parents.Outcomes: participants and official records.Bias:On the basis of a pilot study, participation and attrition bias are likely to be minimal. A comparison of baseline data for those followed and those not followed will be undertaken. Information bias will be minimised by standardised questionnaires. Information on potential confounders is to be collected and controlled for in analysesStudy size:5000 (including 1500 Māori).Statistical Methods:Survival analysis, logistic or Poisson regression, generalised estimating equations.
Assessment of environmental pollutants in ten southern Italy harbor sediments
Authors: Renzi M , Perra G , Guerranti C , Mariottini M , Baroni D , Volterrani M , Graziosi M , Specchiulli A , Focardi S 
Published: August 2009

In 2003–2006, the distribution of macronutrients and pollutants of environmental interest was investigated in surficial sediments collected from 10 southern Italy harbors selected in four different regions. About 167 stations were sampled to determine levels of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, trace elements (Al, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Hg, As), short- and long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons ( Hy C > 12 and Hy C < 12), and concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], p-p-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene ( 4,4′-DDE), and Hexachlorobenzene (HCB). General relationships between studied variables and harbors systems were explored by multivariate statistical approaches. Results show that wide fluctuations are reported for all variables both among harbors and inside each studied system. Principal components analysis suggests that major significance in explaining total average variability is due to lead, copper, zinc, silts, sands, and PAHs. No significance has been observed when testing nonmetric multidimensional scaling distributions relating with the factor “region,” while performing analyses on factor “main human activity,” a higher significance is observed. These results suggest a strong relationship between the main human use of marine systems and observed pollution levels in sediments.
Synergic effects of α-tocopherol and β-carotene ontert-butylhydroperoxide-induced HepG2 cell injury
Authors: Park S , Kim AJ , Lee M 
Published: August 2009

Oxidative stress produced by the dietary or chemical substrates is one of the major causes of liver cell injury. In this study, we compared the effects of two dietary antioxidants, α-tocopherol (α-T) and β-carotene (β-C) against tert-butyl hydroperxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Cell proliferation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), [3H]-aflatoxin B1(AFB1)-DNA adduct formation, and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression were determined after antioxidants were added to the tBHP-stressed cells. When compared to an ethanol-based control, all biomarkers for the cell damage were significantly increased by treatments. Treatments of β-C or the combination of two antioxidants at 50 ppm for 48 h enhanced cell proliferation ( P < 0.05) compared to tBHP control. The antioxidative and cytoprotective actions of α-T and β-C, alone or in combination, were associated with modulation of microsomal CYP2E1 expression, corresponding to the regulation of LPO production ( P < 0.0001). Our results indicate that α-T and β-C may contribute differently to protection of cellular membrane disruption in CYP2E1-expressing HepG2 cells. Moreover, the combination of α-T and β-C appears to impel the greater protection of pathogenic processes of oxidative stress in liver.
Rotational vertebrobasilar ischemia due to vertebral artery dynamic stenoses complicated by an ostial atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Natello Gregory W , Carroll Christine M , Katwal Arabindra B 
Published: August 2009

Abstract We describe a patient with rotational vertebrobasilar ischemia (RVBI) due to vertebral artery (VA) compressive stenoses during neck rotation, complicated by an ostial atherosclerotic stenosis (OAS). Referred for ‘near-syncopal spells’, inquiry revealed a symptom-complex consistent with vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) provoked by head rotation. VA dynamic angiography with imaging via prevertebral subclavian injections in neck-rotated positions while reproducing symptoms, demonstrated two compressive stenoses not present in the neck-neutral position, establishing the diagnosis of RVBI due to CT-demonstrated cervical spondylosis. There was an occluded contralateral VA, isolated posterior circulation, and absent vertebral collateral flow. Disabling symptoms persisted despite using a cervical collar. Surgical decompression of the dynamic stenoses would not address the OAS, was considered high risk, and absence of a suitable donor artery precluded distal VA reconstruction. RVBI resolved with ostial stent placement by improving perfusion pressure across the compressive stenoses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of RVBI in which the affected VA had an obstructive atherosclerotic stenosis in addition to the characteristic rotation-induced dynamic stenoses, and the first report of stent placement in the culprit artery to treat this disorder. Diagnosis depends on recognizing the association of symptoms with positional neck changes and VA dynamic angiography demonstrating the compressive stenosis while reproducing symptoms. This case illustrates the management complexities when there are coexisting abnormalities, emphasizing the need to individualize treatment. RVBI is a potentially correctable cause of TIAs and particularly relevant due to the aging population which has a significant incidence of both degenerative cervical and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease.
The effect of l-arginine and creatine on vascular function and homocysteine metabolism
Authors: Jahangir Eiman , Vita Joseph A , Handy Diane , Holbrook Monica , Palmisano Joseph , Beal Ryan , Loscalzo Joseph , Eberhardt Robert T 
Published: August 2009

AbstractStudies with l-arginine supplementation have shown inconsistent effects on endothelial function. The generation of guanidinoacetate (GAA) from l-arginine with subsequent formation of creatine and homocysteine and consumption of methionine may reduce the pool of l-arginine available for nitric oxide generation. Experimental studies suggest that creatine supplementation might block this pathway. We sought to determine the effects of l-arginine, creatine, or the combination on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and homocysteine metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease. Patients with coronary artery disease were randomized to l-arginine (9 g/day), creatine (21 g/day), l-arginine plus creatine, or placebo for 4 days ( n = 26–29/group). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and plasma levels of l-arginine, creatine, homocysteine, methionine, and GAA were measured at baseline and follow-up. l-Arginine and creatine supplementation had no effects on vascular function. l-Arginine alone increased GAA ( p < 0.01) and the ratio of homocysteine to methionine ( p < 0.01), suggesting increased methylation demand. The combination of creatinine and l-arginine did not suppress GAA production or prevent the increase in homocysteine-to-methionine ratio. Unexpectedly, creatine supplementation (alone or in combination with l-arginine) was associated with an 11–20% increase in homocysteine concentration ( p < 0.05), which was not attributable to worsened renal function, providing evidence against an effect of creatine on decreasing methylation demand. In conclusion, the present study provides no evidence that l-arginine supplementation improves endothelial function and suggests that l-arginine may increase methylation demand. Creatine supplementation failed to alter the actions of l-arginine on vascular function or suppress methylation demand. The unexpected increase in homocysteine levels following creatine supplementation could have adverse effects and merits further study, since creatine is a commonly used dietary supplement.
Interobserver variability of ankle–brachial index measurements at rest and post exercise in patients with intermittent claudication
Authors: van Langen Herman , van Gurp Johan , Rubbens Leonie 
Published: August 2009

Abstract The ankle–brachial index (ABI) post exercise is claimed to play a complementary role in the diagnosis or exclusion of intermittent claudication (IC). The interobserver variability of ABI measurements at rest and post exercise in patients with typical symptoms of IC is the subject of this study with emphasis on ABI post exercise. ABI at rest and post exercise were measured in both legs of 20 patients with typical symptoms of IC. After 15 minutes of rest these measurements were repeated by another observer. Analysis according to Bland–Altman was performed on 40 paired leg measurements at rest and 40 paired leg measurements post exercise. The average ABI at rest for the first observer was 0.84 (standard deviation ±0.18) and for the second was 0.84 (±0.17). Post-exercise averages were 0.73 (±0.25) and 0.74 (±0.27), respectively. The standard deviation of the ABI difference between observers was 0.08 at rest and 0.15 post exercise. The interobserver variability of the ABI was 10% at rest and 21% post exercise. The interobserver variability post exercise is an important given when rules are defined about how the ABI post exercise translates into a more reliable and objective diagnosis of IC.
Integration of retroviral vectors induces minor changes in the transcriptional activity of T cells from ADA-SCID patients treated with gene therapy
Authors: Cassani Barbara , Montini Eugenio , Maruggi Giulietta , Ambrosi Alessandro , Mirolo Massimiliano , Selleri Silvia , Biral Erika , Frugnoli Ilaria , Hernandez-Trujillo Vivian , Di Serio Clelia , Roncarolo Maria Grazia , Naldini Luigi , Mavilio Fulvio , Aiuti Alessandro 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells by γ-retroviral vectors (RVs) is an effective treatment for inherited blood disorders, although potentially limited by the risk of insertional mutagenesis. We evaluated the genomic impact of RV integration in T lymphocytes from adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) patients 10 to 30 months after infusion of autologous, genetically corrected CD34+ cells. Expression profiling on ex vivo T-cell bulk population revealed no difference with respect to healthy controls. To assess the effect of vector integration on gene expression at the single-cell level, primary T-cell clones were isolated from 2 patients. T-cell clones harbored either 1 (89.8%) or 2 (10.2%) vector copies per cell and displayed partial to full correction of ADA expression, purine metabolism, and T-cell receptor-driven functions. Analysis of RV integration sites indicated a high diversity in T-cell origin, consistently with the polyclonal T-cell receptor-Vβ repertoire. Quantitative transcript analysis of 120 genes within a 200-kb window around RV integration sites showed modest (2.8- to 5.2-fold) dysregulation of 5.8% genes in 18.6% of the T-cell clones compared with controls. Nonetheless, affected clones maintained a stable phenotype and normal in vitro functions. These results confirm that RV-mediated gene transfer for ADA-SCID is safe, and provide crucial information for the development of future gene therapy protocols. The trials described herein have been registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00598481 and #NCT00599781.
An expressed sequence tag (EST) library for Drosophila serrata, a model system for sexual selection and climatic adaptation studies
Authors: Frentiu Francesca D , Adamski Marcin , McGraw Elizabeth A , Blows Mark W , Chenoweth Stephen F 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background
The native Australian fly Drosophila serrata belongs to the highly speciose montium subgroup of the melanogaster species group. It has recently emerged as an excellent model system with which to address a number of important questions, including the evolution of traits under sexual selection and traits involved in climatic adaptation along latitudinal gradients. Understanding the molecular genetic basis of such traits has been limited by a lack of genomic resources for this species. Here, we present the first expressed sequence tag (EST) collection for D. serrata that will enable the identification of genes underlying sexually-selected phenotypes and physiological responses to environmental change and may help resolve controversial phylogenetic relationships within the montium subgroup.

Results
A normalized cDNA library was constructed from whole fly bodies at several developmental stages, including larvae and adults. Assembly of 11,616 clones sequenced from the 3' end allowed us to identify 6,607 unique contigs, of which at least 90% encoded peptides. Partial transcripts were discovered from a variety of genes of evolutionary interest by BLASTing contigs against the 12 Drosophila genomes currently sequenced. By incorporating into the cDNA library multiple individuals from populations spanning a large portion of the geographical range of D. serrata, we were able to identify 11,057 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with 278 different contigs having at least one "double hit" SNP that is highly likely to be a real polymorphism. At least 394 EST-associated microsatellite markers, representing 355 different contigs, were also found, providing an additional set of genetic markers. The assembled EST library is available online at http://www.chenowethlab.org/serrata/index.cgi.

Conclusion
We have provided the first gene collection and largest set of polymorphic genetic markers, to date, for the fly D. serrata. The EST collection will provide much needed genomic resources for this model species and facilitate comparative evolutionary studies within the montium subgroup of the D. melanogaster lineage.
A Novel Method to Prepare Polysilsesquioxane Nanoparticles Possessing Bromoalkyl Groups
Authors: Nakahara Yoshio , Ma Chenghuan , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Oi Fumio , Kimura Keiichi 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
A novel method to prepare siloxane-based nanoparticles possessing bromoalkyl groups, which are reactive functional groups, by bromoalkoxylation and bromination of poly(vinylsilsesquioxane) nanoparticles using N-bromosuccinimide and 1-butanol was developed. No shape distortion or fusion of nanoparticles after the chemical reaction was observed by transmission electron microscopy.
Initial Characterization of a Fibroblast-loaded Porous Elastin Film Reconstituted by a Novel Crosslinker, Dode-DSP
Authors: Komori Kikuo , Takamiya Sumi , Kojima Nobuhiko , Kuwazuru Osamu , Yoshikawa Nobuhiro , Furukawa Katsuko , Miyamoto Kenichi , Sakai Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
A reconstituted porous elastin film prepared by a novel cross-linker, Dode-DSP, was examined for its feasibility as a biocompatible and elastic cellular scaffold. Although the mechanical properties of the film alone drastically deteriorated in physical conditions due to degradation, loading of fibroblasts retarded the deterioration in terms of distensibility and E value (Young’s modulus).
Remarkable Selectivity in Derivatization and Protection of Hydroxy Groups of 51-hydroxyCTX3C: Chemoselective Synthesis of Biotin-conjugated Ciguatoxin Derivatives
Authors: Ishihara Yuuki , Miyazaki Keisuke , Yamashita Shuji , Hirama Masahiro 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Ciguatoxins, principal causative toxins of ciguatera seafood poisoning, are large ladder-like polycyclic ethers that exert their toxicities by binding to the voltage-sensitive sodium channels. We report C7/C51 chemoselective derivatization of 51-hydroxyCTX3C applicable for synthesis of biological probes.
Charge Transport Properties of Hexabenzocoronene Nanotubes by Field Effect: Influence of the Oligoether Side Chains on the Mobility
Authors: Yamamoto Yohei , Jin Wusong , Fukushima Takanori , Minari Takeo , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Saeki Akinori , Seki Shu , Tagawa Seiichi , Aida Takuzo 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Hexabenzocoronene (HBC) nanotubes, prepared by self-assembly of 1–4 with different oligoether chains, all show a p-type conducting profile in a field-effect transistor (FET) setup, where hole mobilities of their film samples are two orders of magnitude greater than that of a cast film composed of ill-defined, nontubular HBC aggregates. Taking into account their time-resolved microwave conductivities, the observed FET properties appear to be largely affected by the kinetics of intertubular hole hopping, which could be less facilitated as the oligoether chains on the nanotube surface are longer.
An overview of autologous chondrocyte implantation
Authors: Gikas P. D. , Bayliss L. , Bentley G. , Briggs T. W. R. 
Published: August 2009

Chondral damage to the knee is common and, if left untreated, can proceed to degenerative osteoarthritis. In symptomatic patients established methods of management rely on the formation of fibrocartilage which has poor resistance to shear forces. The formation of hyaline or hyaline-like cartilage may be induced by implanting autologous, cultured chondrocytes into the chondral or osteochondral defect. Autologous chondrocyte implantation may be used for full-thickness chondral or osteochondral injuries which are painful and debilitating with the aim of replacing damaged cartilage with hyaline or hyaline-like cartilage, leading to improved function. The intermediate and long-term functional and clinical results are promising. We provide a review of autologous chondrocyte implantation and describe our experience with the technique at our institution with a mean follow-up of 32 months (1 to 9 years). The procedure is shown to offer statistically significant improvement with advantages over other methods of management of chondral defects.
Perilesional changes of focal osteochondral defects in an ovine model and their relevance to human osteochondral injuries
Authors: Hepp P. , Osterhoff G. , Niederhagen M. , Marquass B. , Aigner T. , Bader A. , Josten C. , Schulz R. 
Published: August 2009

Perilesional changes of chronic focal osteochondral defects were assessed in the knees of 23 sheep. An osteochondral defect was created in the main load-bearing region of the medial condyle of the knees in a controlled, standardised manner. The perilesional cartilage was evaluated macroscopically and biopsies were taken at the time of production of the defect (T0), during a second operation one month later (T1), and after killing animals at three (T3; n = 8), four (T4; n = 8), and seven (T7; n = 8) months. All the samples were histologically assessed by the International Cartilage Repair Society grading system and Mankin histological scores. Biopsies were taken from human patients (n = 10) with chronic articular cartilage lesions and compared with the ovine specimens. The ovine perilesional cartilage presented with macroscopic and histological signs of degeneration. At T1 the International Cartilage Repair Society ‘Subchondral Bone’ score decreased from a mean of 3.0 (sd 0) to a mean of 1.9 (sd 0.3) and the ‘Matrix’ score from a mean of 3.0 (sd 0) to a mean of 2.5 (sd 0.5). This progressed further at T3, with the International Cartilage Repair Society ‘Surface’ grading, the ‘Matrix’ grading, ‘Cell Distribution’ and ‘Cell Viability’ grading further decreasing and the Mankin score rising from a mean of 1.3 (sd 1.4) to a mean of 5.1 (sd 1.6). Human biopsies achieved Mankin grading of a mean of 4.2 (sd 1.6) and were comparable with the ovine histology at T1 and T3. The perilesional cartilage in the animal model became chronic at one month and its histological appearance may be considered comparable with that seen in human osteochondral defects after trauma.