bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong renewal theorems and Lyapunov spectra forα-Farey andα-Lüroth systems
Authors: KESSEBÖHMER MARC , MUNDAY SARA , STRATMANN BERND O. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce and study theα-Farey map and its associated jump transformation, theα-Lüroth map, for an arbitrary countable partitionαof the unit interval with atoms which accumulate only at the origin. These maps represent linearized generalizations of the Farey map and the Gauss map from elementary number theory. First, a thorough analysis of some of their topological and ergodic theoretical properties is given, including establishing exactness for both types of these maps. The first main result then is to establish weak and strong renewal laws for what we have calledα-sum-level sets for theα-Lüroth map. Similar results have previously been obtained for the Farey map and the Gauss map by using infinite ergodic theory. In this respect, a side product of the paper is to allow for greater transparency of some of the core ideas of infinite ergodic theory. The second remaining result is to obtain a complete description of the Lyapunov spectra of theα-Farey map and theα-Lüroth map in terms of the thermodynamical formalism. We show how to derive these spectra and then give various examples which demonstrate the diversity of their behaviours in dependence on the chosen partitionα.
Teaching Multimodal and Digital Literacy in L2 Settings: New Literacies, New Basics, New Pedagogies
Authors: Lotherington Heather , Jenson Jennifer 
Published: September 2011

Globalization and digitization have reshaped the communication landscape, affecting how and with whom we communicate, and deeply altering the terrain of language and literacy education. As children in urban contexts become socialized into communities of increasing cultural and communicational connectivity, complexity, and convergence (Jenkins, 2004), and funding for specialist second language (L2) support declines, classrooms have become linguistically heterogeneous spaces where every teacher is a teacher of L2 learners.This article has two purposes: The first is to give an overview of the concept of multimodal literacies, which utilize diverse media to represent visual, audio, gestural, spatial, and tactile dimensions of communication in addition to traditional written and oral forms (Cope & Kalantzis, 2009a). Since the New London Group's manifesto on multiliteracies in 1996, which merged language and literacy education agendas in L2 teaching, language arts, media literacy, and cultural studies, new basics have developed that apply to all classrooms and all learners. Second, this article reviews and reports on innovative pedagogical approaches to multimodal literacies involving L2 learners. These are grounded theoretically (Cope & Kalantzis, 2009a, 2009b; Kress, 2003, 2010; New London Group, 1996) and epistemologically (de Castell & Jenson, 2003; Gee, 2009, 2010; Kellner, 2004; Lankshear & Knobel, 2003, 2006).
Serological evidence ofCoxiella burnetiiexposure in native marsupials and introduced animals in Queensland, Australia
Authors: COOPER A. , GOULLET M. , MITCHELL J. , KETHEESAN N. , GOVAN B. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe state of Queensland has the highest incidence of Q fever in Australia. In recent years, there has been an increase in human cases where no contacts with the typical reservoir animals or occupations were reported. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence ofCoxiella burnetiiin Australian native animals and introduced animals in northern and southeastern Queensland. Australian native marsupials sampled included the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and common northern bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus). Introduced species sampled included dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), cats (Felis catus), foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and pigs (Sus scrofa). Serum samples were tested by ELISA for both phase II and phase I antigens of the organism using an Australian isolate. The serological evidence ofC. burnetiiinfection demonstrated in these species has public health implications due to their increasing movement into residential areas in regional Queensland. This study is the first known investigation ofC. burnetiiseroprevalence in these species in northern Queensland.
Late recurrence of infra-Hisian complete atrioventricular block
Authors: Chang Hok-Keong , Wang Jieh-Neng , Wu Jing-Ming 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAcquired complete atrioventricular block that is caused by infectious myocarditis is usually transient and has a favourable outcome. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl who had complete infra-Hisian atrioventricular block due to adeno viral myocarditis and received a permanent pacemaker at the age of 10 months. The pacemaker lost its function at the age of 7 years. However, she experienced a late recurrence of complete atrioventricular block 10 years later. Complete atrioventricular block is rarely recovered if it persisted for 2 weeks. Even in the patients with late recovery, long-term follow-up and pacemaker therapy are still needed.
Effect of serum concentration on the cytotoxicity of clay particles
Authors: Lordan Sinéad , Higginbotham Clement L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNanoparticle cytotoxicity testing based on in vitro methods frequently lack consistency. Even the inclusion of the commonly employed growth supplement, FCS (fetal calf serum), generates variable results. Thus, our object was to investigate the effect of FCS concentration on the cytotoxic behaviour of the unmodified nanoclay, Cloisite® Na+. Human monocytic U937 cells in medium supplemented with 5% FCS, 2.5% FCS or serum‐free medium were treated with 1 mg/ml Cloisite Na+. Cell growth in 2.5% FCS was significantly inhibited by Cloisite Na+ within 48 h, whereas little effect was seen with a supplement of 5% FCS. Without serum, cell growth was inhibited and Cloisite Na+ had a detrimental effect on these cells. In media supplemented with FCS, the nanoclays agglomerated together to form large bundles, whereas they were evenly dispersed throughout the medium in the absence of serum. Clay particles, therefore, have cytotoxic properties that may be linked to their dispersion pattern. These adverse effects seem to be masked by 5% FCS. Serum supplementation is an important consideration in the toxicological assessments of nanomaterials on cells, which needs to be addressed in the standardization of in vitro testing methods.
The psychology of 'post-Lyme disease syndrome' and 'not Lyme'.
Authors: Hassett A. L. , Sigal L. H. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

This chapter addresses the psychological aspects of symptom persistence in patients who attribute such symptoms to 'chronic Lyme disease.' The 3 categories of patients with persistent complaints thought to be related to Lyme disease are described: (1) patients with current Lyme disease who may or may not have been treated previously with antibiotics; (2) patients who once had Lyme disease but no longer have active infection with Borrelia burgdorferi (post-Lyme disease syndrome, PLDS); and (3) patients who have never had Lyme disease but believes that Lyme disease is the cause of their ongoing complaints ('not Lyme'). The commitment to the diagnosis of 'chronic Lyme disease,' the role of psychiatric comorbidity and other psychological factors in PLDS and 'not Lyme,' and the role of physicians in the management of these patients are discussed.
Does oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea and underweight imply athlete triad syndrome in young female dancers?
Authors: To William , Wong Margaret 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of young dancers suspected of suffering from the female athlete triad syndrome and eumenorrhoeic/normal weight dancers with eumenorrhoeic non‐exercising controls. Full‐time dance students from a collegiate academy of performing arts were recruited. The female athlete triad syndrome was suspected when oligo/amenorrhoea was present together with underweight (body mass index below 18.5 kg · m−2). The non‐exercising group consisted of eumenorrhoeic age‐matched patients presenting to an adolescent gynaecology clinic. All participants had a full hormonal profile, pelvic ultrasound, bio‐impedance estimation of body fat, together with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative peripheral computed tomography scans (pQCT) to determine bone mineral density. A total of 47 dancers aged 17–20 years were recruited, of whom 14 (29.7%) fell within the criteria for suspected female athlete triad syndrome. Comparing the dancers with suspected female athlete triad with 36 non‐exercising controls showed no significant differences in BMD at most sites between the two groups. Comparing the normal dancers (n=33) with the same control group showed the dancers had significantly higher BMD at the hip sites (P<0.005), as well as higher core tibial volumetric BMD (P=0.04) than the controls. Young dancers with oligo/amenorrhoea and apparent under‐nutrition that fitted the clinical diagnosis of female athlete triad syndrome did not have lower BMD than non‐exercising eumenorrhoeic controls, while eumenorrhoeic dancers actually had higher BMD. In addition, no significant differences were seen between eumenorrhoeic dancers and those with suspected female athlete triad. The risk of osteoporosis was apparently offset by the benefits of regular intensive weight‐bearing exercises in those participants with suspected female athlete triad.
Gaussian interaction profile kernels for predicting drug–target interaction
Authors: van Laarhoven Twan , Nabuurs Sander B. , Marchiori Elena 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Motivation: The in silico prediction of potential interactions between drugs and target proteins is of core importance for the identification of new drugs or novel targets for existing drugs. However, only a tiny portion of all drug–target pairs in current datasets are experimentally validated interactions. This motivates the need for developing computational methods that predict true interaction pairs with high accuracy.
Results: We show that a simple machine learning method that uses the drug–target network as the only source of information is capable of predicting true interaction pairs with high accuracy. Specifically, we introduce interaction profiles of drugs (and of targets) in a network, which are binary vectors specifying the presence or absence of interaction with every target (drug) in that network. We define a kernel on these profiles, called the Gaussian Interaction Profile (GIP) kernel, and use a simple classifier, (kernel) Regularized Least Squares (RLS), for prediction drug–target interactions. We test comparatively the effectiveness of RLS with the GIP kernel on four drug–target interaction networks used in previous studies. The proposed algorithm achieves area under the precision–recall curve (AUPR) up to 92.7, significantly improving over results of state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, we show that using also kernels based on chemical and genomic information further increases accuracy, with a neat improvement on small datasets. These results substantiate the relevance of the network topology (in the form of interaction profiles) as source of information for predicting drug–target interactions.
Availability: Software and Supplementary Material are available at http://cs.ru.nl/~tvanlaarhoven/drugtarget2011/.
Contact: tvanlaarhoven@cs.ru.nl; elenam@cs.ru.nl
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Epithelial barrier biology: good fences make good neighbours
Authors: Moens Emmanuelle , Veldhoen Marc 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe external surfaces of the body, such as the skin and the gastrointestinal mucosal membrane, are an important line of defence preventing the invasion of microorganisms and their products. Mucosal immune cells, especially intraepithelial lymphocytes, are involved in maintaining the integrity of these epithelial barriers. They contribute towards the tolerance to commensal organisms, which occupy these same sites, and to the immune responses against harmful organisms and their products. The composition of the microbiota is influenced by immune cells as well as external environmental factors, especially the use of antibiotics and diet. There is an increasing appreciation that the microbiota affects systemic immune responses in addition to local immunity. Failure to control the occupancy by microorganisms may result in the disruption of the delicate homeostasis between beneficial and harmful microorganisms and contribute to inflammatory pathologies. This review will discuss some of our current understanding of the impact of immune cells and diet on the microbiota.
Depression in the elderly: study in a rural city in southern Catalonia
Authors: MONTESÓ P. , FERRE C. , LLEIXA M. , ALBACAR N. , AGUILAR C. , SANCHEZ A. , LEJEUNE M. 
Published: September 2011

Accessible summary
Depression in our community is high for people over 65 years.
Men are more affected by illness, death of spouse and loneliness as they have not been prepared for it because of the roles they have been socialized are different.
Depression is higher for women throughout life, but shorten the differences in those over 65 years.
It is important to diagnose depression in this age group for suicide prevention.
AbstractDepression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric diseases among the elderly, and frequently go without diagnosis and treatment. However, evidence regarding the prevalence of depression related to the diagnostic systems utilized and the sociocultural variations in the different communities investigated (rural–urban) is contradictory. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of depression in a rural area in the south of Catalonia, analysing the different age groups, identifying the causal factors of depression and determining whether there are gender differences. The descriptive and quantitative study includes 157 women and 160 men. The qualitative study evaluates 14 men and 52 women diagnosed with depression. Our results indicate a high risk of depression in elderly participants of our small rural community. Widowers suffer more depression than widows and the loneliness, illness, and task of caregiver were predictive variables for depression in these elderly men. The loss of the ability to perform activities of daily living associated with ageing has a greater effect on depression disorders in men than in women.
Cytochrome bd biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: the sequences of the cydC and cydD genes suggest that they encode the components of an ABC membrane transporter
Authors: Poole Robert K. , Hatch Lyndall , Cleeter Michael W. J. , Gibson Frank , Cox Graeme B. , Wu Guanghui 
Published: September 2011

SummaryAt least four genes are known to affect formation of the cytochrome bd‐type terminal oxidase of Escherichia coli. In addition to the genes (cydA and cydB) encoding the two constituent subunits of this complex, a further two genes (cydC and cydD) map near 19 min on the E. coli chromosome. We report here the cloning of both genes on a 5.3 kb ClaI‐HindIII restriction fragment, which, when used to transform either a cydC or cydD mutant, restored the ability of these mutants to grow on a selective medium containing azide and zinc ions and also restored the spectral signals associated with the cytochrome components of the oxidase complex. A subcloned 1.8 kb DdeI fragment similarly restored growth and cytochrome content of a cydD mutant, but not a cydC mutant. The complete nucleotide sequence of the ClaI‐HindIII fragment reveals three open reading frames, one being trxB (19.3 min on the E. coli chromosome map, encoding thioredoxin reductase), confirming the mapping position of cydD previously established by P1‐mediated transduction. Two ORFs identified by complementation experiments as cydD and cydC encode proteins with predicted molecular masses, respectively, of 65103 and 62 946 Da. The hydropathy profile of each protein reveals an N‐terminal hydrophobic domain and a C‐terminal hydrophilic domain containing a putative nucleotide‐binding site. The gene products probably constitute an ABC (ATP‐binding cassette) family membrane transporter, the function of which is necessary for the formation of the cytochrome bd quinol oxidase. The CydDC system appears to be the first prokaryotic example of a heterodimeric ABC transport system in which each polypeptide contains both hydrophobic and ATP‐binding domains.
Chlamydia trachomatis Slc1 is a type III secretion chaperone that enhances the translocation of its invasion effector substrate TARP
Authors: Brinkworth Amanda J. , Malcolm Denise S. , Pedrosa António T. , Roguska Katarzyna , Shahbazian Sevanna , Graham James E. , Hayward Richard D. , Carabeo Rey A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryBacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) chaperones pilot substrates to the export apparatus in a secretion‐competent state, and are consequently central to the translocation of effectors into target cells. Chlamydia trachomatis is a genetically intractable obligate intracellular pathogen that utilizes T3SS effectors to trigger its entry into mammalian cells. The only well‐characterized T3SS effector is TARP (translocated actin recruitment protein), but its chaperone is unknown. Here we exploited a known structural signature to screen for putative type III secretion chaperones encoded within the C. trachomatis genome. Using bacterial two‐hybrid, co‐precipitation, cross‐linking and size exclusion chromatography we show that Slc1 (SycE‐like chaperone 1; CT043) specifically interacts with a 200‐amino‐acid residue N‐terminal region of TARP (TARP1–200). Slc1 formed homodimers in vitro, as shown in cross‐linking and gel filtration experiments. Biochemical analysis of an isolated Slc1–TARP1–200 complex was consistent with a characteristic 2:1 chaperone–effector stoichiometry. Furthermore, Slc1 was co‐immunoprecipitated with TARP from C. trachomatis elementary bodies. Also, coexpression of Slc1 specifically enhanced host cell translocation of TARP by a heterologous Yersinia enterocolitica T3SS. Taken together, we propose Slc1 as a chaperone of the C. trachomatis T3SS effector TARP.
Distinct eosinophil cytokine expression patterns in skin diseases – the possible existence of functionally different eosinophil subpopulations
Authors: Roth N. , Städler S. , Lemann M. , Hösli S. , Simon H.‐U. , Simon D. 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Roth N, Städler S, Lemann M, Hösli S, Simon H‐U, Simon D. Distinct eosinophil cytokine expression patterns in skin diseases – the possible existence of functionally different eosinophil subpopulations. Allergy 2011; 66: 1477–1486.AbstractBackground:  The function of eosinophils has been attributed to host defense, immunomodulation, and fibrosis. Although eosinophils are found among infiltrating cells in a broad spectrum of skin diseases, their pathogenic role remains uncertain. This study aimed to analyze the cytokine expression by eosinophils in different skin diseases.Methods:  Skin specimens from different skin diseases [allergic/reactive, infectious, autoimmune, and tumors/lymphomas (LY)] were stained by antibodies directed to eosinophil cationic protein, cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐11, IL‐13, IL‐17, IL‐25, IL‐33, interferon‐γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin], eotaxins (CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26), metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 as well as extracellular matrix proteins (tenascin‐C and procollagen‐3) and then analyzed by laser scanning microscopy.Results:  The number of eosinophils varied considerably in and between disease groups and did not correlate with the numbers of accompanying inflammatory cells. The expression of IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐11, TGF‐β, CCL24, and MMP‐9 by eosinophils significantly differed between disease groups. Eosinophils in tumors/LY predominantly expressed IL‐6, TGF‐β, and CCL24, but not IL‐11. On the other hand, in autoimmune diseases, eosinophils largely contributed to MMP‐9 production. IL‐5‐generating eosinophils were particularly obvious in allergic and infectious diseases.Conclusion:  In skin diseases, eosinophil expresses a broad spectrum of cytokines. The different cytokine expression patterns suggest distinct functional roles of eosinophils in these diseases that might be related to host defense, immunomodulation, fibrosis, and/or tumor development.
Common and distinct responses in phytohormone and vitamin E changes during seed burial and dormancy in Xyris bialata and X. peregrina
Authors: Garcia Q. S. , Giorni V. T. , Müller M. , Munné‐Bosch S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTemperature and humidity are the main factors influencing seed viability, dormancy and longevity of buried seeds. Unfortunately, very little is known about such processes in species of tropical regions, where temperature does not show major seasonal variations. The extent to which germination capacity, phytohormones and vitamin E levels were altered after burial of seeds of Xyris bialata and X. peregrina (Xyridaceae), two species endemic to rupestrian fields of Brazil, was examined. After 2 months of burial, seed germination capacity remained constant, which is associated with decreases in ABA and IAA content in both species. During this period, zeatin levels also decreased in X. bialata, but not in X. peregrina, the latter showing much lower levels of ABA. During the summer (rainy season), seeds of both species experienced a progressive, but severe, decrease in germination capacity, which reversed at the end of the winter (dry season), thus suggesting secondary dormancy. This dormancy appeared to be caused by drastic decreases in GAs, rather than increases in ABA. Levels of GA4 decreased to non‐detectable values during dormancy in both species. Furthermore, zeatin levels decreased in X. bialata but not in X. peregrina during this period. Both species accumulated γ‐tocopherol as the major vitamin E form, and levels of this antioxidant remained constant or even increased during seed burial; however, X. bialata seeds showed a significant decrease in α‐tocopherol during seed burial and dormancy. It is concluded that in X. peregrina and X. bialata, (i) burial causes significant changes in the phytohormone levels of seeds; (ii) secondary dormancy is induced in seeds; (iii) a GA4 decrease, rather than an ABA increase, seems to be involved in the induction of secondary dormancy; and (iv) reductions in α‐tocopherol in buried seeds are not necessarily indicative of reduced germination capacity.
Neither protogynous nor obligatory out‐crossed: pollination biology and breeding system of the European Red ListFritillaria meleagrisL. (Liliaceae)
Authors: Zych M. , Stpiczyńska M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFor 4 years we studied pollination biology and breeding system of the critically endangered, Red List plantFritillaria meleagrisL. (Liliaceae), in the larger of the two remaining populations of the plant in SE Poland. Our observations indicated that, contrary to literature data, the species is not dichogamous nor is it obligatorily out‐crossing. Selfing, although rare in natural populations, results in fully developed seeds. Flowers are visited by several insect species, mostly social and solitary bees. In spite of extremely low visitation rates to this early spring‐flowering plant, the species is not pollen limited. Although the largest pollen loads are transferred by solitary bees, the key pollinators are bumblebees (mostly the most common species,Bombus terrestrisandB. lapidarius) due to their seasonal and floral constancy, and tolerance of bad weather conditions. The current decline of the studied population seems not to be related to the species’ pollination or breeding systems but to plant habitat loss. It is suggested, however, that in smaller populations, the species’ dependence on generally rare pollinators and largely out‐crossed breeding system may accelerate local extinction.