bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Softsensorsysteme – Mathematik als Bindeglied zum Prozessgeschehen
Authors: Becker T. , Krause D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSoftsensorsysteme sind Gebilde, die aus der Notwendigkeit und dem Bewusstsein heraus entstanden sind, dass für eine Vielzahl von Leitgrößen insbesondere in der chemischen oder biotechnologischen Prozesstechnik keine geeigneten Sensoren zur Prozessbeobachtung und darauf aufbauenden Automatisierung vorliegen. Softwaresensoren bestehen in der Regel aus einer Anordnung von einem oder mehreren Sensoren bzw. Messgrößen in Kombination mit einem mathematischen Modellierungsansatz, mit dessen Hilfe eine Relation der verfügbaren Messgrößen zu den gewünschten Prozessgrößen aufgebaut wird. Die Prozessgrößen müssen laboranalytisch erfassbar sein. In Abhängigkeit von der vorliegenden Prozessinformation werden als Algorithmus chemometrische, linguistische, kognitive oder aber auch modellgestützte Verfahren eingesetzt. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Aufbau, das Ineinandergreifen der Bestandteile und die Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Prozess.
Excellent outcomes with adjuvant toremifene or tamoxifen in early stage breast cancer
Authors: Lewis Jaime D. , Chagpar Anees B. , Shaughnessy Elizabeth A. , Nurko Jacob , McMasters Kelly , Edwards Michael J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Fareston (toremifene) and tamoxifen, both selective estrogen receptor modulators, are therapeutically equivalent treatments for metastatic breast cancer. We hypothesized that toremifene as compared with tamoxifen given as adjuvant therapy for early stage breast cancer would result in equivalent survival with an improved side effect profile, therefore, providing superior therapeutic efficacy.METHODS:The North American Fareston versus Tamoxifen Adjuvant trial assigned 1813 perimenopausal or postmenopausal women with hormone receptor (HR)‐positive invasive breast cancer to adjuvant treatment with either tamoxifen or toremifene. The primary outcomes evaluated were disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).RESULTS:Median follow‐up was 59 months. The baseline characteristics of the 2 treatment groups were well‐balanced. On the basis of intent‐to‐treat, 5‐year actuarial DFS was not significantly different between tamoxifen and toremifene (91.2% [standard error of the mean [SE] 1.2%] vs 91.2% [SE 1.1%], respectively). Similarly, 5‐year actuarial OS was not significantly different between tamoxifen and toremifene (92.7% [SE 1.1%] vs 93.7% [SE 1.0%], respectively). Controlling for patient age, tumor size, and tumor grade, a Cox multivariate survival analysis found no difference between patients randomized to toremifene versus tamoxifen in terms of OS (OR = 0.951; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.623‐1.451, P = .951) or DFS (OR = 1.037; 95% CI, 0.721‐1.491, P = .846). Adverse events were similar in the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Women treated with adjuvant hormonal therapy enjoyed excellent DFS and OS. No significant differences were found between treatment with either tamoxifen or toremifene. Treatment of HR‐positive patients with either tamoxifen or toremifene is appropriate. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix associated with pregnancy
Authors: Pettersson B. Folke , Andersson Sonia , Hellman Kristina , Hellström Ann‐Cathrin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study is a representation of 90 years of experience with carcinoma of the uterine cervix in pregnancy. The objective was to retrospectively study changes in the distribution of cervical carcinoma (CC) by age, disease stage, histopathology, survival, and the development of second primary cancers.METHODS:Altogether, 18,474 women with newly diagnosed CC were examined and treated at the Radiumhemmet between 1914 and 2004, including 9247 women who were of a childbearing age (<50 years) and 219 women who were pregnant.RESULTS:The mean patient age declined from 35 years (during 1914‐1943) to 32.2 years (during 1960‐2004). Similarly, the age range changed from ages 23 to 51 years (during 1914‐1943) to ages 21 to 47 years (during 1960‐2004). The relative incidence for all women aged <50 years who were treated for CC dropped considerably from 4.2% (during 1914‐1943) to 1.2% (during 1960‐2004), which translated into a reduction of by approximately 66%. At the time of diagnosis, stage I CC was observed in 75.6% of patients during 1960 to 2004 compared with 24.8% of patients during 1914 to 1943. The 10‐year actuarial survival rate improved significantly during the study period from 27% (1914‐2004) to 79% (1960‐2004). The 10‐year cause‐specific cumulative actuarial survival rate for 41 women who were treated during 1960 to 2004 did not differ statistically from the rate for an age‐matched, stage‐matched, and histopathology‐matched control series from the total cohort of women with CC who were treated at the Radiumhemmet during the same period (log‐rank test; P = .85).CONCLUSIONS:During the study period, the incidence of CC during pregnancy declined, the cases were discovered at earlier stages, and survival improved. Furthermore, there was no increase in second primary cancers, and pregnancy did not appear to influence prognosis. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Do racial or socioeconomic disparities exist in lung cancer treatment?
Authors: Yang Relin , Cheung Michael C. , Byrne Margaret M. , Huang Youjie , Nguyen Dao , Lally Brian E. , Koniaris Leonidas G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Determine the effects of race, socioeconomic status, and treatment on outcomes for patients diagnosed with lung cancer.METHODS:The Florida cancer registry and inpatient and ambulatory data were queried for patients diagnosed from 1998‐2002.RESULTS:A total 76,086 of lung cancer patients were identified. Overall, 55.6% were male and 44.4% were female. The demographic distribution of patients was 92.7% Caucasian, 6.7% African American, and 5.7% Hispanic. The mean age of diagnosis was 70 years old. African American patients presented at a younger age, with more advanced disease, and were less likely to undergo surgical therapy than their Caucasian counterparts. Median survival time (MST) for the entire cohort was 8.7 months, while MST for African American patients was 7.5 months. Patients who received surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy demonstrated significantly improved outcomes. Stepwise multivariate analysis revealed that African American race was no longer a statistically significant predictor of worse outcomes once corrections were made for demographics and comorbid conditions, suggesting that the originally reported disparities in lung cancer outcomes and race may be in part because of poor pretreatment performance status. In contrast, patients of the lowest socioeconomic status continue to have a slightly worse overall prognosis than their affluent counterparts (hazard ratio = 1.05, P = .001).CONCLUSIONS:Lung cancer continues to carry a poor prognosis for all patients. Once comorbidities are corrected for, African American patients carry equivalently poor outcomes. Nonetheless, emphasis must be placed on improving pretreatment performance status among African American patients and efforts for earlier diagnosis among the impoverished patients must be made. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Intratumoral forkhead box P3‐positive regulatory T cells predict poor survival in cyclooxygenase‐2–positive uveal melanoma
Authors: Mougiakakos Dimitrios , Johansson C. Christian , Trocme Eric , All‐Ericsson Charlotta , Economou Mario A. , Larsson Olle , Seregard Stefan , Kiessling Rolf 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)‐positive regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key mediators of peripheral tolerance and suppress efficient antitumor responses. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced by inducible cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) can lead to Treg induction. COX‐2 expression has been linked to tumorigenesis and growth in various malignancies. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether Tregs infiltrate uveal melanomas (UMs) and whether their prevalence is linked to COX‐2 expression and the prediction of overall survival (OS).METHODS:One hundred patients who underwent enucleation after they were diagnosed with UM were included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal anti‐FOXP3, anti‐CD4, and anti‐COX‐2 antibodies was performed, and immunoreactivity was assessed. Correlations of COX‐2 expression with the presence of Tregs, established clinicopathologic parameters, and OS were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS:High expression of COX‐2 was predictive of shortened OS. FOXP3‐positive Tregs were detectable in 24% of UMs and were restricted to malignant tissue. The extent of COX‐2 expression was associated significantly with Treg prevalence (P = .004) and Treg intratumoral localization (P = .005). Intratumoral Tregs (but not the prevalence of Tregs) were independent marker for worse OS with a hazard ratio of 5.36 in patients with COX‐2–positive tumors.CONCLUSIONS:The current results demonstrated that high COX‐2 expression is associated with OS and Treg prevalence in UM. These findings are in line with the observations that COX‐2/PGE2 induces Tregs and that Tregs may alter antitumor responses, resulting in a negative effect on the clinical disease course. Intratumoral Tregs are an independent prognostic marker for COX‐2–positive UM, and these results put COX‐2 inhibitors and Treg depletion into the spotlight of potential novel treatment modalities for patients with UM. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Central nervous system prophylaxis in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Thomas Deborah , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop M. , O'Brien Susan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) recurrence continues to be a significant complication in the treatment of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Preventing CNS recurrence has been a therapeutic challenge and has not been addressed critically in many clinical trials. Adult studies modeled on childhood ALL studies have used multiple treatment modalities, including radiation therapy, systemic therapy, intrathecal therapy, and combinations thereof. Cranial irradiation is effective but is offset by substantial toxicity, including neurologic sequelae. Systemic chemotherapy, especially with cytarabine (AraC) and methotrexate, has demonstrated promise in decreasing CNS recurrence, but therapeutic levels of drugs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are not maintained. Intrathecal chemotherapy with or without high‐dose systemic therapy is the most common approach to CNS prophylaxis. Liposomal AraC recently has become available and confers prolonged levels of free AraC in the CSF, a critical requirement for CNS prophylactic therapy. This review discusses the various modalities used for CNS prophylaxis in patients with ALL and the emerging trends, with specific emphasis on the outcome in terms of event‐free survival and toxicity. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of the prognostic significance of Eosinophilia and Basophilia in a larger cohort of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Wimazal Friedrich , Germing Ulrich , Kundi Michael , Noesslinger Thomas , Blum Sabine , Geissler Philipp , Baumgartner Christian , Pfeilstoecker Michael , Valent Peter , Sperr Wolfgang R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Lineage involvement and maturation arrest are considered to have prognostic significance in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, although the prognostic value of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and monocytosis have been documented, little is known about the impact of eosinophils and basophils.METHODS:The authors examined the prognostic significance of eosinophils and basophils in 1008 patients with de novo MDS. Patients were enrolled from 3 centers of the Austrian‐German MDS Working Group and were analyzed retrospectively. Blood eosinophils and basophils were quantified by light microscopy, and their impact on survival and leukemia‐free survival was calculated by using Cox regression.RESULTS:Eosinophilia (eosinophils >350/μL) and basophilia (basophils >250/μL) predicted a significantly reduced survival (P < .05) without having a significant impact on leukemia‐free survival. In multivariate analysis, eosinophilia and basophilia were identified as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)‐independent prognostic variables with International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)‐specific impact. Although elevated LDH was identified as a major prognostic determinant in IPSS low‐risk, intermediate‐1 risk, and high‐risk subgroups, the condition “eosinophilia and/or basophilia” was identified as a superior prognostic indicator in the IPSS intermediate‐2 risk subgroup.CONCLUSIONS:The evaluation of eosinophils and basophils in patients with MDS was helpful and may complement the spectrum of variables to optimize prognostication in MDS. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Pelvic radiotherapy and the risk of secondary leukemia and multiple myeloma
Authors: Wright Jason D. , St. Clair Caryn M. , Deutsch Israel , Burke William M. , Gorrochurn Prakash , Sun Xuming , Herzog Thomas J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although several studies had examined secondary malignancies in patients with specific primary tumor types, to the authors' knowledge there are very few data examining the long‐term sequelae of pelvic radiation as a whole. The goal of the current study was to examine the risk of treatment‐associated leukemia and multiple myeloma in patients treated with pelvic radiotherapy.METHODS:Patients with invasive tumors of the vulva, cervix, uterus, anus, and rectosigmoid treated from 1973 to 2005 and recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were analyzed. Patients were stratified based on receipt of pelvic radiotherapy. The incidence of secondary leukemia (except chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and multiple myeloma were examined. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan‐Meier curves were constructed to examine the association between pelvic radiation and the development of subsequent hematologic malignancies.RESULTS:A total of 199,268 individuals, including 66,896 (34%) who received pelvic radiotherapy and 132,372 (66%) not treated with radiation, were identified. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for other risk factors, post‐treatment leukemia was increased by 72% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.37‐2.15) in the patients who received pelvic radiotherapy. The risk of secondary leukemia peaked at 5 to 10 years after primary treatment (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.40‐2.44) and remained elevated even 10 to 15 years after initial treatment (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.03‐2.18). There was no significant association between radiation and the development of multiple myeloma (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.81‐1.44).CONCLUSIONS:Pelvic radiation was associated with an increased risk of secondary leukemia but did not appear to increase the risk of multiple myeloma. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Malignant solitary fibrous tumor
Authors: Bishop Justin A. , Rekhtman Natasha , Chun Joyce , Wakely Paul E. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Malignant solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are extremely uncommon and poorly understood mesenchymal neoplasms. There are only rare published accounts of the cytopathologic features of these tumors, prompting the current study.DESIGN:All cases of malignant SFT with preoperative fine‐needle aspirations (FNAs) from 1999 to 2008 were retrieved from the archives of 3 large teaching hospitals. FNA smears and cell block material including immunoperoxidase stains were reviewed, and the cytologic characteristics were described.RESULTS:Thirteen cases of malignant SFT were identified in 11 patients. Mean age was 58 years, with a men:women ratio of 1:2.6. The tumors were generally large, with a mean size of 13.4 cm. Cytomorphologic features included mostly hypercellular smears with tissue fragments of monotonous, plump spindled cells with blunt‐ended and indented nuclei and fragile, wispy cytoplasm. Also seen were bare nuclei, occasional mitoses, and rare necrosis. Some cases showed a predominance of epithelioid cells, whereas others displayed a loose myxomatous matrix. There was a general lack of single cells. None of the cases was diagnosed accurately as malignant SFT on FNA, and only 6 cases were called malignant or suspicious for malignancy.CONCLUSIONS:The FNA diagnosis of malignant SFT is extremely difficult and needs histologic material for accurate interpretation. Predominant FNA diagnoses were SFT or spindle cell neoplasm. Malignant SFT must be included in the differential diagnosis of a spindle cell neoplasm of any anatomic site, particularly if it displays features not typical of benign SFT. Immunoperoxidase staining has some utility, mainly in ruling out other neoplasms in the differential diagnosis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The use of immunohistochemistry to distinguish reactive mesothelial cells from malignant mesothelioma in cytologic effusions
Authors: Hasteh Farnaz , Lin Grace Y. , Weidner Noel , Michael Claire W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The distinction of benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations in cytologic specimens can be problematic. In this study, the authors investigated the utility of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers in making this distinction.METHODS:Archival paraffin‐embedded cell blocks of pleural and peritoneal fluids from 52 patients with malignant meothelioma (MM) and 64 patients with reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (MH) were retrieved. IHC stains included desmin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), glucose‐transport protein 1 (GLUT‐1), Ki67, and p53.RESULTS:Desmin was positive in 84% (54 of 64) cases of reactive MH and in 6% (3 of 52) of MM cases (P < .001). EMA was positive in 9% (6 of 64) of benign and 100% (52 of 52) of malignant cases (P < .001). GLUT‐1 was positive in 12% (5 of 43) of benign and 47% (7 of 15) of malignant cases. Ki67 showed strong nuclear positivity in >40% of mesothelial cells in 9% (6 of 64) of benign and 16% (8 of 49) of malignant cases (P = .38). p53 showed strong nuclear positivity in 2% (1 of 46) of benign and 47% (7 of 15) of malignant cases (P < .001). EMA positivity and desmin negativity were found in 2% (1 of 64) of reactive MH cases and 98% (49 of 52) of MM cases (P < .001). EMA negativity and desmin positivity were found in 86% (55 of 64) of reactive MH cases and 0% of MM cases.CONCLUSIONS:The combination of positive EMA and negative desmin strongly favors MM; conversely, a combination of negative EMA and positive desmin favors a reactive process. Likewise, strong membranous positivity for GLUT‐1 and/or strong nuclear staining for p53 favors a mesothelioma. Ki67 proliferative index showed no significant difference between reactive MH and MM cases. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Tailoring a cognitive behavioural model for unexplained physical symptoms to patient's perspective: a bottom‐up approach
Authors: Zonneveld Lyonne N. L. , Duivenvoorden Hugo J. , Passchier Jan , van 't Spijker Adriaan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe prevalence of unexplained physical symptoms (UPS) in primary care is at least 33%. Cognitive behavioural therapy has shown to be effective. Within cognitive behavioural therapy, three models can be distinguished: reattribution model, coping model and consequences model. The consequences model, labelling psychosocial stress in terms of consequences rather than as causes of UPS, has high acceptance among patients and is effective in academic medical care. This acceptance is lost when applied in primary care. To increase acceptance of the consequences model among patients in primary care, we tailor this model to patient's perspective by approaching the model from bottom‐up instead of top‐down. Subsequently, we use this tailored model in an easily accessible group training. We illustrate our approach using two illustrative cases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• The prevalence of unexplained physical symptoms (UPS) in primary care is at least 33%.• Cognitive behavioural therapy has shown to be most effective for UPS. The most interesting cognitive behavioural model is the consequences model because 81% of the patients with UPS in secondary care accepts a therapy based on this model.• The consequences model labels psychosocial stress as consequences rather than as causes of UPS and aims to change the consequences in that UPS reduces.• The acceptance of the consequences model drops in primary care, making a therapy based on this model not feasible for primary care.• If the acceptance of the consequences model in primary care could be raised by tailoring this model more closely to patients' perspective of their symptoms approaching the model innovatively from bottom‐up, then the opportunity of a positive outcome for patients in primary care could be improved.Trial registration:Nederlands Trial Register, NTR1609http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1609
Photoelectron Generation by Photosystem II Core Complexes Tethered to Gold Surfaces
Authors: Vittadello Michele , Gorbunov Maxim Y. , Mastrogiovanni Daniel T. , Wielunski Leszek S. , Garfunkel Eric L. , Guerrero Fernando , Kirilovsky Diana , Sugiura Miwa , Rutherford A. William , Safari Ahmad , Falkowski Paul G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBy using a nondestructive, ultrasensitive, fluorescence kinetic technique, we measure in situ the photochemical energy conversion efficiency and electron transfer kinetics on the acceptor side of histidine‐tagged photosystem II core complexes tethered to gold surfaces. Atomic force microscopy images coupled with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy measurements further allow us to assess the quality, number of layers, and surface density of the reaction center films. Based on these measurements, we calculate that the theoretical photoelectronic current density available for an ideal monolayer of core complexes is 43 μA cm−2 at a photon flux density of 2000 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 between 365 and 750 nm. While this current density is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than the best organic photovoltaic cells (for an equivalent area), it provides an indication for future improvement strategies. The efficiency could be improved by increasing the optical cross section, by tuning the electron transfer physics between the core complexes and the metal surface, and by developing a multilayer structure, thereby making biomimetic photoelectron devices for hydrogen generation and chemical sensing more viable.
Sodium oxybate in the treatment of binge eating disorder: An open‐label, prospective study
Authors: McElroy Susan L. , Guerdjikova Anna I. , Winstanley Erin L. , O'Melia Anne M. , Mori Nicole , Keck Paul E. , Hudson James I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective:To assess preliminarily the effectiveness of sodium oxybate in binge eating disorder.Method:This was an open‐label, prospective, 16‐week, flexible dose study of sodium oxybate in binge eating disorder. The primary outcome was binge eating episode frequency.Results:Twelve individuals received sodium oxybate, 10 completed at least one postbaseline evaluation, and five completed the study. Mean dose at endpoint was 7.1 (2.0) g/day. Sodium oxybate was associated with significant reductions in frequency of binge days and binge episodes, as well as measures of clinical severity, eating pathology, obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, food cravings, body mass index, and body weight. Nine participants had remission of binge eating and five lost ≥5% of their baseline weight; all five of the latter participants had remission of binge eating.Discussion:In this open‐label trial, sodium oxybate was effective in binge eating disorder, but associated with high a discontinuation rate. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:262–268)