bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaption of neurosurgical resection patterns for pediatric low‐grade glioma spanning two decades—Report from the German LGG‐studies 1996–2018
Authors: Kelety Tibor , Thomale Ulrich‐Wilhelm , Kandels Daniela , Schuhmann Martin U. , El Damaty Ahmed , Krauss Jürgen , Frühwald Michael C. , Driever Pablo Hernáiz , Witt Olaf , Bison Brigitte , Warmuth‐Metz Monika , Pietsch Torsten , Schmidt René , Gnekow Astrid K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionNeurosurgery is considered the mainstay of treatment for pediatric low‐grade glioma (LGG); the extent of resection determines subsequent stratification in current treatment protocols. Yet, surgical radicality must be balanced against the risks of complications that may affect long‐term quality of life. We investigated whether this consideration impacted surgical resection patterns over time for patients of the German LGG studies.Patients and MethodsFour thousand two hundred and seventy pediatric patients from three successive LGG studies (median age at diagnosis 7.6 years, neurofibromatosis (NF1) 14.7%) were grouped into 5 consecutive time intervals (TI1‐5) for date of diagnosis and analyzed for timing and extent of first surgery with respect to tumor site, histology, NF1‐status, sex, and age.ResultsThe fraction of radiological LGG diagnoses increased over time (TI1 12.6%; TI5 21.7%), while the extent of the first neurosurgical intervention (3440/4270) showed a reduced fraction of complete/subtotal and an increase of partial resections from TI1 to TI5. Binary logistic regression analysis for the first intervention within the first year following diagnosis confirmed the temporal trends (p < 0.001) and the link with tumor site for each extent of resection (p < 0.001). Higher age is related to more complete resections in the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres.ConclusionsThe declining extent of surgical resections over time was unrelated to patient characteristics. It paralleled the evolution of comprehensive treatment algorithms; thus, it may reflect alignment of surgical practice to recommendations in respect to age, tumor site, and NF1‐status integrated as such into current treatment guidelines. Further investigations are needed to understand how planning, performance, or tumor characteristics impact achieving surgical goals.
Computational Simulation Study of Potential Inhibition of c‐Met Kinase Receptor by Phenoxy pyridine Derivatives: Based on QSAR, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Guo Li‐yuan , Yang Yu‐lu , Tong Jian‐bo , Chang Ze‐lei , Gao Peng , Liu Yuan , Zhang Ya‐kun , Xing Xiao‐yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor (c‐Met) is a tyrosine kinase receptor protein, and excessive cell transformation can lead to cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors by inhibiting the activity of c‐Met protein. In this study, 41 compounds are selected from the reported literature, and the interactions between phenoxy pyridine derivatives and tumor‐associated proteins are systematically investigated using a series of computer‐assisted drug design (CADD) methods, aiming to predict potential c‐Met inhibitors with high activity. The Topomer CoMFA (q2=0.620, R2=0.837) and HQSAR (q2=0.684, R2=0.877) models demonstrate a high level of robustness. Further internal and external validation assessments show high applicability and accuracy. Based on the results of the Topomer CoMFA model, structural fragments with higher contribution values are identified and randomly combined using a fragment splice technique, result in a total of 20 compounds with predicted activities higher than the template molecules. Molecular docking results show that these compounds have good interactions and van der Waals forces with the target proteins. The results of molecular dynamics and ADMET predictions indicate that compounds Y4, Y5, and Y14 have potential as c‐Met inhibitors. Among them, compound Y14 exhibits superior stability with a binding free energy of −165.18 KJ/mol. These studies provide a reference for the future design and development of novel compounds with c‐Met inhibitory activity.
Structure and Stability of Ago2 MID‐Nucleotide Complexes: All‐in‐One (Drop) His6‐SUMO Tag Removal, Nucleotide Binding, and Crystal Growth
Authors: Lei Li , Harp Joel M. , Chaput John C. , Wassarman Kelly , Schlegel Mark K. , Manoharan Muthiah , Egli Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe middle (MID) domain of eukaryotic Argonaute (Ago) proteins and archaeal and bacterial homologues mediates the interaction with the 5′‐terminal nucleotide of miRNA and siRNA guide strands. The MID domain of human Ago2 (hAgo2) is comprised of 139 amino acids with a molecular weight of 15.56 kDa. MID adopts a Rossman‐like beta1‐alpha1‐beta2‐alpha2‐beta3‐alpha3‐beta4‐alpha4 fold with a nucleotide specificity loop between beta3 and alpha3. Multiple crystal structures of nucleotides bound to hAgo2 MID have been reported, whereby complexes were obtained by soaking ligands into crystals of MID domain alone. This protocol describes a simplified one‐step approach to grow well‐diffracting crystals of hAgo2 MID‐nucleotide complexes by mixing purified His6‐SUMO‐MID fusion protein, Ulp1 protease, and excess nucleotide in the presence of buffer and precipitant. The crystal structures of MID complexes with UMP, UTP and 2′‐3′ linked α‐L‐threofuranosyl thymidine‐3′‐triphosphate (tTTP) are presented. This article also describes fluorescence‐based assays to measure dissociation constants (Kd) of MID‐nucleotide interactions for nucleoside 5′‐monophosphates and nucleoside 3′,5′‐bisphosphates. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Crystallization of Ago2 MID‐nucleotide complexesBasic Protocol 2: Measurement of dissociation constant Kd between Ago2 MID and nucleotides
Growth mechanism of high‐voltage electric pulse rock breaking 3D plasma channel in drilling fluid environment
Authors: Zhu Xiaohua , Liu Siqi , Liu Weiji , Zhou Xin , Tang Wuji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh‐voltage electric pulse rock breaking has excellent potential for exploiting deep geothermal resources. Numerous researchers have conducted experimental studies on this topic, particularly in rock mechanics, where the breakdown occurs. However, there has been limited scholarly research on drilling fluid. Therefore, the study focuses on the drilling fluid suitable for electric pulse drilling, considering the characteristics of electric pulse rock breaking, which differ from traditional rock breaking. The study focused on the impact of various drilling fluid parameters on the effectiveness of electric impulse rock breaking using red sandstone as the experimental material. This was investigated using the finite element method, and indoor electric rock‐breaking tests were conducted in a drilling fluid environment. The results indicate that the plasma channel mainly grows in the permeable layer of the drilling fluid, resulting in shallow rock breaking depth in the drilling fluid environment. The pore permeated by drilling fluid guides the growth of the plasma channel. The higher the conductivity of the drilling fluid, the closer the ion channel of rock breaking by electric pulse is to the rock surface. This results in a smaller crushing volume and shallower damage depth, which is more detrimental to rock breaking by an electric pulse. The viscosity of drilling fluid can impede the breakdown to some extent. In this paper, the influence of drilling fluid parameters on electro‐pulse rock‐breaking technology is preliminarily studied, which has significant reference value for the selection of actual drilling fluid.
White Matter Abnormalities Track Disease Progression in Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Raghavan Sheelakumari , Lesnick Timothy G. , Castillo Anna M. , Reid Robert I. , Fought Angela J. , Thostenson Kaely B. , Johnson Sparrman Kohl L. , Gehrking Tonette L. , Gehrking Jade A. , Sletten David M. , Low Phillip A. , Singer Wolfgang , Vemuri Prashanthi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhite matter (WM) abnormalities have been implicated in clinically relevant functional decline in multiple system atrophy (MSA).ObjectiveTo identify the WM and gray matter (GM) abnormalities in MSA and assess the utility of longitudinal structural and diffusion changes as surrogate markers for tracking disease progression in MSA.MethodsTwenty‐seven participants with early MSA [15 with clinically predominant cerebellar (MSA‐C) and 12 with clinically predominant parkinsonian features (MSA‐P)] and 14 controls were enrolled as a part of our prospective, longitudinal study of synucleinopathies. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion MRI (diffusion tensor and neurite orientation and dispersion density imaging), we analyzed whole and regional brain changes in these participants. We also evaluated temporal imaging trajectories based on up to three annual follow‐up scans and assessed the impact of baseline diagnosis on these imaging biomarkers using mixed‐effect models.ResultsMSA patients exhibited more widespread WM changes than GM, particularly in the cerebellum and brainstem, with greater severity in MSA‐C. Structural and diffusion measures in the cerebellum WM and brainstem deteriorated with disease progression. Rates of progression of these abnormalities were similar in both MSA subtypes, reflecting increasing overlap of clinical features over time.ConclusionWM abnormalities are core features of MSA disease progression and advance at similar rates in clinical MSA subtypes. Multimodal MRI imaging reveals novel insights into the distribution and pattern of brain abnormalities and their progression in MSA. Selected structural and diffusion measures may be useful for tracking disease progression in MSA clinical trials.
Boosting of structural, thermal, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of PVA/PVP blend using titanium dioxide filler
Authors: Elkalashy Sh. I. , Khater S. I. , Zaki M. F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the current work, a blend matrix that combines polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVA/PVP) was reinforced by titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles via the casting technique. The FTIR spectra and XRD examinations of nanocomposites offer insight into the structural changes that have taken place with the inclusion of TiO2 in the blend matrix. TiO2 elements were detected via the EDX detector linked to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The transmission and absorption of the PVA/PVP‐TiO2 blend were evaluated via a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Tauc's model demarcated the optical bandgap (Eg), which declined from 4.91 eV for the pure to 4.66 eV for PVA/PVP—0.75 wt.%TiO2 film. The refractive index increases from 1.903 to 6.646 for pure blend and PVA/PVA/0.75 wt%TiO2, respectively. The nonlinear optical features (as predicted by the Wemple‐DiDomenico model) are enriched. The proliferation of TiO2 into the blend matrix significantly increased the third‐order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3), from 1.87 × 10−14 for pure blend to 5.091 × 10−13 for PVA/PVP‐0.75 wt.% TiO2, attributed to the oscillation of surface plasmons of TiO2 NPs. The thermal stability of the films was inspected. Doping the blend with TiO2 enhanced its thermal stability. The TiO2‐filled PVA/PVP films demonstrate hopeful features for various requests and can be utilized in optoelectronics and optical devices due to their tunable optical parameters and thermal stability.Highlights
Thermal stability was enhanced with loading TiO2 nanoparticles in PVA/PVP matrix.
The PVA/PVP–TiO2 films optical parameters were studied.
Extinction coefficient and refractive index were enhanced with loading TiO2 in PVA/PVP matrix.
Proliferation of TiO2 into the matrix significantly increased the nonlinear optical susceptibility of third‐order χ(3).
Microstructure and performances of rigid polyurethane foam prepared using double‐effect baking powder as a foaming agent
Authors: Cheng Guojun , Zhang Yaling , Liu Song , Zhou Longxuan , Tang Zhongfeng , Wang Xiaodong , Ding Guoxin , Wan Xianglong , Cao Lishuo , Zhu Ziyue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe preparation of rigid polyurethane foam with uniform pore size is extremely challenging. In this work, double‐effect baking powder was used as foaming agent, and rigid polyurethane foam with regular morphology was successfully prepared through semi‐prepolymerization. The rigid polyurethane foam apertures with regular morphology were controlled by the secondary release of CO2 when the content of baking powder is 0.30 part. Combined with theoretical calculation and experimental test, it is found that the particle size distribution, wall thickness, and hole shape are uniform, regular, thin, polygonal, and few broken holes. The compression strength, contact angle, and surface energy of the rigid polyurethane foam are 33.36 kPa, 109.6°, and 21.8 mJ/m2 after adding 0.20 part of double‐effect baking powder, respectively. By adjusting the amount of double‐acting baking powder, the porosity, mechanical properties and foam rate of the polyurethane foams could be significantly improved. Due to the molecular solvation effect, rigid polyurethane foams will deform in the water and oil due phase, but it can remain stable for a long time at room temperature without solvent. It provides a new method for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam, which is expected to be widely used in transportation and other fields.Highlights
Baking powder was firstly used as a foaming modifier for rigid polyurethane.
Baking powder releases CO2 twice to ensure uniform structure of polyurethane cell.
Rigid polyurethane foam has long‐term stability and regular, uniform cell holes.
The porosity and mechanical properties of foams could be significantly improved.
Foaming mechanism of rigid polyurethane using baking powder was firstly revealed.
Freeze Metal Halide Perovskite for Dramatic Laser Tuning: Direct Observation via In Situ Cryo‐Electron Microscope
Authors: Li Jiayi , Jiang Jing , Zhang Yuchen , Lin Zhenhui , Pang Zhentao , Guan Jie , Liu Zhiyu , Ren Yifeng , Li Shiheng , Lin Renxing , Wu Jie , Wang Jian , Zhang Ziyou , Dong Hongliang , Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Yuanyuan , Yang Yurong , Tan Hairen , Zhu Jia , Lu Zhenda , Deng Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA frozen‐temperature (below −28 °C) laser tuning way is developed to optimize metal halide perovskite (MHP)’s stability and opto‐electronic properties, for emitter, photovoltaic and detector applications. Here freezing can adjust the competitive laser irradiation effects between damaging and annealing/repairing. And the ligand shells on MHP surface, which are widely present for many MHP materials, can be frozen and act as transparent solid templates for MHP's re‐crystallization/re‐growth during the laser tuning. With model samples of different types of CsPbBr3 nanocube arrays,an attempt is made to turn the dominant exposure facet from low‐energy [100] facet to high‐energy [111], [‐211], [113] and [210] ones respectively; selectively removing the surface impurities and defects of CsPbBr3 nanocubes to enhance the irradiation durability by 101 times; and quickly (tens of seconds) modifying a Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) boundary into another type of boundary like twinning, and so on. The laser tuning mechanism is revealed by an innovative in situ cryo‐transmission electron microscope (cryo‐TEM) exploration at atomic resolution.
Multi-Channel Sequence Analysis in Educational Research: An Introduction and Tutorial with R
Authors: López-Pernas Sonsoles , Saqr Mohammed , Helske Satu , Murphy Keefe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces multi-channel sequence analysis, a novel method that examines two or more synchronised sequences. While this approach is relatively new in social sciences, its relevance to educational research is growing as researchers gain access to diverse multimodal temporal data. Throughout this chapter, we describe multi-channel sequence analysis in detail, with an emphasis on how to detect patterns within the sequences, i.e., clusters —or trajectories— of multi-channel sequences that share similar temporal evolutions (or similar trajectories). To illustrate this method we present a step-by-step tutorial in R that analyses students’ sequences of online engagement and academic achievement, exploring their longitudinal association. We cover two approaches for clustering multi-channel sequences: one based on using distance-based algorithms, and the other employing mixture hidden Markov models inspired by recent research.
Structural Equation Modeling with R for Education Scientists
Authors: Jongerling Joran , López-Pernas Sonsoles , Saqr Mohammed , Vogelsmeier Leonie V. D. E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStructural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a method for modeling whole sets of complex interrelations between observed and/or latent variables. In its most common form, SEM combines confirmatory factor analysis (CFA with another method named path analysis). Just like CFA, SEM relates observed variables to latent variables that are measured by those observed variables and, as path analysis does, SEM allows for a wide range of regression-type relations between sets of variables (both latent and observed). This chapter presents an introduction to SEM, an integrated strategy for conducting SEM analysis that is well-suited for educational sciences, and a tutorial on how to carry out an SEM analysis in R.
Visualizing and Reporting Educational Data with R
Authors: López-Pernas Sonsoles , Misiejuk Kamila , Tikka Santtu , Kopra Juho , Heinäniemi Merja , Saqr Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVisualizing data is central in learning analytics research, underpins learning dashboards, and is a prime method for reporting results and insights to stakeholders. In this chapter, the reader will be guided through the process of generating meaningful and aesthetically pleasing visualizations of different types of student data using well-known R packages. The main visualization types will be demonstrated with an explanation of their usage and use cases. Furthermore, learning-related examples will be discussed in detail. For instance, readers will learn how to visualize learners’ logs extracted from learning management systems to show how trace data can be used to track students’ learning activities. In addition to creating compelling plots, readers will also be able to generate professional-looking tables with summary statistics.
Improved mechanical and fire-retardant properties of fiber-reinforced composites manufactured via modified resins and metallic thin films
Authors: Murad Md Shafinur , Asmatulu Eylem , Nuraje Aygul , Er Özlem , Gürsoy Mustafa , Bahçeci Ersin , Bakir Mete , Asmatulu Ramazan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFiber-reinforced polymeric composites have been extensively used in different industrial applications because of their excellent mechanical and other properties but have lower tolerance levels for fire and lightning damage. The thermal, mechanical, and electrical conductivity of these composites can be substantially increased using some thin metallic films for higher fire resistance. The objective of this study was to develop fire-retardant fiber-reinforced composites using modified resins and metallic copper (Cu) thin films and test and characterize the mechanical and thermal properties of these prepared composites. Standard hand wet layup process was used to manufacture composite panels, and then the flame retardant and other physical and chemical properties were determined before and after resin modification and surface metal film coatings. These modified resins and the conductive metallic films of the composite provided superior flame retardancy and higher mechanical strength. The prepared composite panels made from modified epoxy via 9,10-dihydro-9-oxo-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) inclusion and with metallic surface coatings passed the UL-94 vertical flame testing with a V-0 rating. This composite achieved an average flexural strength of 344.2 MPa, a mean tensile strength of 400.82 MPa, and a shear strength of 6.54 MPa for single lap shear joint studies. Fractography results also show better bonding of the matrix and fiber with no significant damage. This study may open new opportunities in various composite industries.
The Mixed Layer Salinity Balance in the Western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhong Wenli , Lan Youwen , Mu Longjiang , Nguyen An T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we explore the mixed layer salinity (MLS) balance in the western Arctic Ocean based on the Arctic Subpolar gyre sTate Estimate (ASTE) results. The key components of the MLS budgets and their variabilities in response to the Beaufort Gyre (BG) spin‐up are identified. Seasonally, the surface forcing (brine rejection plus freshwater input) is the most important dominant contributor to the MLS balance. On the other hand, the entrainment dominates the interannual variability of MLS tendency inside the BG, while the advection dominates that in the Beaufort Sea. The sensitivity test of increased river discharge revealed a greater role of the advection term, along with weakened contributions from the surface forcing and entrainment, in determining the interannual variability of MLS balance. In contrast, the seasonal variabilities remained largely unchanged. The Lagrangian particle tracking reveals that the majority of BG freshwater within the mixed layer exits through the Canadian Archipelago prior to the BG spin‐up (2002–2006) and during its relaxation (2012–2017). We found a reduction in mixed layer freshwater sources from the external BG that could feed the gyre during its spin‐up (2007–2011), with the major contributions coming from the Beaufort Sea and the BG region itself through Ekman convergence. The mixed layer freshwater pathways are similar in the two versions of ASTE, but with noticeable proportion changes with the increasing river discharge.
Comprehensive evaluation of drought tolerance of six Chinese chestnut varieties (clones) based on flavonoids and other physiological indexes
Authors: Zeng Yangjuan , Guo Chunlei , Wang Meng , Jin Junting , Yu Keyan , Zhang Jingzheng , Cao Fei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites that possess the ability to mitigate UV damage and withstand both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is of immense significance to investigate the flavonoid content as a pivotal indicator for a comprehensive assessment of chestnut's drought tolerance. This study aimed to determine the flavonoid content and drought tolerance-related physiological and biochemical indices of six chestnut varieties (clones) grafted trees—Qianxi 42 (QX42), Qinglong 45 (QL45), Yanshanzaofeng (YSZF), Yanzi (YZ), Yanqiu (YQ), and Yanlong (YL)-under natural drought stress. The results were used to comprehensively analyze the drought tolerance ability of these varieties. The study revealed that the ranking of drought tolerance indices in terms of their ability to reflect drought tolerance was as follows: superoxide (oxide) dismutase (SOD) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, flavone content, catalase (CAT) activity, proline (PRO) content, soluble sugar content, peroxidase (POD) activity, betaine content, flavonol content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, soluble protein content, superoxide ion (OFR) content, superoxide (ion OFR) production rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, chlorophyll content. Through principal component analysis, the contents of flavonoids and flavonols can be used as indicators for comprehensive evaluation of drought tolerance of chestnut. The comprehensive evaluation order of drought tolerance of grafted trees of 6 chestnut varieties (Clones) was: QL45 > QX42 > YQ > YZ > YSZF > YL.