bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic testing and assessment of neuroanatomy using a digital brain atlas: Method and development of computer‐ and mobile‐based applications
Authors: Nowinski Wieslaw L. , Thirunavuukarasuu Arumugam , Ananthasubramaniam Anand , Chua Beng Choon , Qian Guoyu , Nowinska Natalia G. , Marchenko Yevgen , Volkau Ihar 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPreparation of tests and student's assessment by the instructor are time consuming. We address these two tasks in neuroanatomy education by employing a digital media application with a three‐dimensional (3D), interactive, fully segmented, and labeled brain atlas. The anatomical and vascular models in the atlas are linked to Terminologia Anatomica. Because the cerebral models are fully segmented and labeled, our approach enables automatic and random atlas‐derived generation of questions to test location and naming of cerebral structures. This is done in four steps: test individualization by the instructor, test taking by the students at their convenience, automatic student assessment by the application, and communication of the individual assessment to the instructor. A computer‐based application with an interactive 3D atlas and a preliminary mobile‐based application were developed to realize this approach. The application works in two test modes: instructor and student. In the instructor mode, the instructor customizes the test by setting the scope of testing and student performance criteria, which takes a few seconds. In the student mode, the student is tested and automatically assessed. Self‐testing is also feasible at any time and pace. Our approach is automatic both with respect to test generation and student assessment. It is also objective, rapid, and customizable. We believe that this approach is novel from computer‐based, mobile‐based, and atlas‐assisted standpoints. Anat Sci Educ 2:244–252, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Design and stability discussion of an hybrid intelligent controller for an unordinary system
Authors: Mohammadzaheri Morteza , Chen Lei 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the pitch angle control of a lab model helicopter is discussed. This problem has some specific features. As a major unusual feature, it is observed that the steady state control command is completely dependent on the setpoint, and for different setpoints, different steady state control commands are needed to keep the error around zero. Moreover, the system is one with highly oscillating dynamics. In order to solve this control problem, two controllers are designed: an artificial neural network (ANN), whose input is the setpoint, is used to provide steady state control command, and a fuzzy inference system (FIS), whose input is error, is used to provide transient control command. The total control command is the sum of the two aforementioned control commands. It is proven that both ANN and FIS are boundary‐input boundary‐output (BIBO) systems. Using this fact and considering two experimental assumptions, the closed‐loop stability is also proven. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Power, testosterone, and risk‐taking
Authors: Ronay Richard , von Hippel William 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPower has been found to increase risk‐taking (Anderson & Galinsky, 2006) but this effect appears to be moderated by individual differences in power motivation (Maner, Gailliot, Butz, & Peruche, 2007). Among individuals high in power motivation, the experience of power leads to more conservative decisions. As testosterone is associated with the pursuit of power and status (Dabbs & Dabbs, 2000), we reasoned that high‐testosterone individuals primed with power might be similarly risk‐avoidant. Conversely, we hypothesized that high‐testosterone individuals primed with low power, would see risk‐taking as a vehicle for pursuing potential gains to their status and resources. We report findings from two experiments that are consistent with these predictions. In Experiment 1, higher testosterone males (as indicated by second–fourth digit ratio) showed greater risk‐taking when primed with low power. Experiment 2 replicated this effect and also showed that when primed with high power, higher testosterone males took fewer risks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assay and stability‐indicating micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of valacyclovir, acyclovir and their major impurity guanine in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Al Azzam Khaldun M. , Saad Bahruddin , Makahleah Ahmad , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. , Elbashir Abdalla A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for the simultaneous determination of the antiviral drugs acyclovir and valacyclovir and their major impurity, guanine, was developed. The influences of several factors (surfactant and buffer concentration, pH, applied voltage, capillary temperature and injection time) were studied. Using tyramine hydrochloride as internal standard, the analytes were all separated in about 4 min. The separation was carried out in reversed polarity mode at 28°C, 25 kV and using hydrodynamic injection (15 s). The separation was effected in a fused‐silica capillary 100 μm × 56 cm and a background electrolyte of 20 mM citric acid–1 M Tris solution (pH 2.75), containing 125 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate and detection at 254 nm. The method was validated with respect to linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision and selectivity. Calibration curves were linear over the range 0.1–1 μg/mL (guanine) and from 0.1 to 120 μg/mL for both valacyclovir and acyclovir. The relative standard deviations of intra‐ and inter‐day migration times and corrected peak areas were less than 5.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the analytes in tablets and creams. From the previous study it is concluded that the stability‐indicating method developed for acyclovir and valacyclovir can be used for analysis of the drug in various stability samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas phase optical rotation calculated from coupled cluster theory with zero‐point vibrational corrections from density functional theory
Authors: Pedersen Thomas Bondo , Kongsted Jacob , Crawford T. Daniel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMolecular vibrations can have a significant influence on gas phase specific optical rotations. Mainly due to the large number of nuclear degrees of freedom in most chiral molecules, theoretical predictions of vibrational corrections quickly become prohibitively expensive. Here, we investigate an approach in which the purely electronic contribution is calculated at the coupled cluster singles and doubles level, while the zero‐point vibrational correction is computed using the less demanding density functional theory (B3LYP functional). By comparing to experimental gas phase results for seven molecules and two wavelengths, we find that the mixed coupled cluster/B3LYP approach performs significantly better than pure B3LYP predictions. In fact, we find that it is more important to use high‐level electron correlation for the electronic contribution than to include zero‐point vibrational corrections. Chirality 21:E68–E75, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow of Newtonian and power law liquids in tube bundles
Authors: Singh U. K. , Chhabra R. P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this work, the annular (tangential) flow of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids in tube bundles has been studied experimentally. Extensive pressure drop data has been obtained embracing wide ranges of the Reynolds number (13–6600) and for two test modules of different geometrical arrangements, but of similar overall void fraction. Preliminary experiments suggest that the pressure drop is mainly determined by the overall void fraction of the bundle and is relatively insensitive to the detailed geometrical configuration of the bundle. A simple predictive correlation has been developed which reconciles the present results for Newtonian and power law fluids with acceptable levels of reliability.
Early Treatment for Non‐ST‐Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Is Associated with Appropriate Discharge Care
Authors: Fermann Gregory J. , Raja Ali S. , Peterson Eric D. , Roe Matthew T. , Hoekstra James W. , Milford‐Beland Sarah , Diercks Deborah B. , Pollack Charles V. , Frank Peacock W. , Summers Richard , Magnus Ohman E. , Brian Gibler W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundAcute treatment is associated with improved in‐hospital outcomes for patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS).HypothesisPatients who receive appropriate acute treatment are more likely to receive guideline‐recommended therapy at hospital discharge.MethodsUse of aspirin (ASA), β‐blockers, and clopidogrel was evaluated in the first 24 hours and upon hospital discharge according to the 2002 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC AHA) guidelines for NSTE ACS. We compared the relationship between 3 groups: (1) ASA therapy given in the emergency department (ED); (2) ASA therapy not given in the ED, but within the first 24 hours; and (3) no acute ASA treatment. The ASA data set includes 10, 468 high risk patients with positive cardiac biomarkers or ischemic ST‐segment changes on ECG from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) Quality Improvement Initiative. β‐Blocker therapy was evaluated in 11, 838 and clopidogrel treatment in 17, 513 patients presenting to over 345 US hospitals.ResultsPatients who received acute ASA in the ED, ASA in the first 24 hours but not in the ED, and patients who did not receive ASA therapy within 24 hours had discharge ASA treatment rates of 91.8%, 91.4%, and 55.6%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Patients eligible for β‐blocker and clopidogrel therapy had discharge β‐blocker treatment rates of 91.1%, 92.4%, and 46.6% (P < 0.0001), and discharge clopidogrel treatment rates of 86.6%, 92.4%, and 38.5% (P < 0.0001), respectively.ConclusionsAcute treatment for NSTE ACS in‐hospital is associated with appropriate treatment on hospital discharge. This link between early treatment and discharge therapy may lead to new approaches ensuring the delivery of high‐quality, guideline‐based care for patients with NSTE ACS. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter Closure of Congenital Coronary Artery Fistulae: Immediate and Long‐Term Follow‐Up Results
Authors: Zhu Xian‐Yang , Zhang Duan‐Zhen , Han Xiu‐Min , Cui Chun‐Sheng , Sheng Xiao‐Tang , Wang Qi‐Guang , Cha Yong‐Mei , Abhiram Prasad , Rihal Charanjit S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter closure of coronary artery fistulae (CAF) has emerged as an alternative to surgery, but there are no long‐term outcome results.ObjectiveWe report immediate and long‐term results in 24 patients after transcatheter closure of congen‐ ital CAF.MethodsA total of 24 patients aged 5 to 56 years old with congenital CAF underwent attempted percutaneous transcatheter closure using various devices between November 1998 and August 2008. The immediate closure results and clinical follow‐up were reviewed.ResultsOf the 24 patients, 20 (83.3%) underwent successful transcatheter closure using various devices. An angiogram right after device deployment revealed complete occlusion in 15 patients (75%) and trivial‐ to mild‐ residual flow in 5 patients (25%). Four patients (20%) had transient ST‐T wave changes after the procedure. The left ventricular end‐diastolic volume decreased from 165±31.4 mm3 to 128.6±24.4 mm3 (P = 0.012) 24 hours after procedure, and the cardiothoracic ratio from 0.57±0.02 to 0.53±0.01 (P = 0.003). Follow‐up was 100% complete and ranged from 3 months to 10 years. There were no early or late deaths. All patients were asymptomatic with complete closure of CAF except 1 patient (5%) who had a recurrence of shunt at 6‐month follow‐up, which was re‐closed by percutaneous technique.ConclusionTranscatheter closure of CAF is feasible and safe in anatomically suitable vessels and is a promising alternative to surgery in most patients. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Internally oxidized silver contact materials – a case for the elastoplasticity of an inhomogeneous body
Authors: Huang J. , Strunk H. P. , Wasserbäch W. , Franz S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe mechanical properties of oxide dispersion strengthened silver after various extrusions, which is a material optimized for electrical contacts and typical of a mechanically inhomogeneous polycrystalline state, are analysed and correlated with the arising microstructure. It is shown that the positive (in view of engineering applications) changes in yield stress and ductility can be attributed essentially to the oxide particle distribution that becomes induced increasingly homogeneous within the extruded rods by the extrusions. These changes can well be understood by a simulation of a composite on the basis of Voigt‐type averaging of elastic properties. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The identification and enumeration of dendritic cell populations from individual mouse spleen and Peyer's patches using flow cytometric analysis
Authors: Duriancik David M. , Hoag Kathleen A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDendritic cell (DC) research currently involves pooling of tissues from multiple animals followed by enrichment techniques to obtain sufficient numbers of DCs for analysis. Enrichment techniques take advantage of DC adherence, buoyant density properties, and/or positive or negative selection of cell populations using monoclonal antibodies. However, enrichment techniques may significantly change the maturation and/or activation status of DCs or selectively eliminate one or more subpopulations of DCs. To overcome these drawbacks, we designed a multicolor flow cytometric technique for simultaneous analysis of DC populations from tissues of individual mice. The spleens and Peyer's patches were mechanically and enzymatically digested, then incubated with a panel of six monoclonal antibody‐fluorochrome direct conjugate reagents. A BD® Biosciences LSR II flow cytometer and FCS Express® software were used to identify three subtypes of mature DCs (myeloid, lymphoid, and plasmacytoid), precursor DCs, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, B lymphocytes, and Gr‐1+/CD8α+ memory T lymphocytes in the spleen. Likewise, we also identified these DC subpopulations and B lymphocytes in the Peyer's patches. The three key parameters in analysis of the DC populations were bi‐exponential plotting in data analysis, collection of a minimum of 50,000 total events, and accurate color compensation. This procedure to analyze DCs from individual mice can lead to further understanding of the role of DCs in many other model systems as well as better understanding of how dietary or physiological factors may affect in vivo DC homeostasis. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
FDE index for goodness‐of‐fit between measured and calculated response signals
Authors: Dragovich Jeff J. , Lepage Andres 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA method is presented for determining the goodness‐of‐fit between measured and calculated structural response signals. The method is termed as the frequency domain error (FDE) index, which is a value between 0 and 1 where zero indicates a perfect correlation. The FDE is calculated from the Fourier spectra of the measured and calculated waveforms, using a relatively simple calculation procedure, readily implemented using standard fast Fourier transform (FFT) libraries. The FDE is demonstrated herein using three different types of problems: simple harmonic waves, a large number of earthquake response simulations, and a set of limited simulations. Along with the FDE concept, effective methods for displaying the results are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human–automation interaction strategies and models for life science applications
Authors: Kaber David B. , Stoll Norbert , Thurow Kerstin , Green Rebecca S. , Kim Sang‐Hwan , Mosaly Prithima 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe objective of this research was to identify current and future approaches to the design of automated systems for life science processes, including humans in control loops, in applications such as high‐throughput compound screening and high‐performance analytical chemistry. The identified approaches were classified according to existing theories of human‐centered automation, which provided a basis for projecting human performance implications. We provide background on the life sciences domain and established theories of types and levels of automation (LOAs) in complex human–machine systems. We describe specific forms of robotic and automated technologies used in life science applications and the general design of high‐throughput screening (HTS) and analytical systems to accommodate particular process configurations. Example classifications of life science automation (LSA) schemes are presented by referring to a taxonomy of LOAs from the literature. We project the implications of these classified forms of automation on human performance on the basis of prior empirical research in other domains. A mathematical model for predicting the cost of LSA from an operator perspective is also defined to support hypotheses for future study. Finally, we identify the need for additional empirical research on human performance consequences of LSA and remedial measures, including enhanced supervisory control interface design. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progesterone effects on subjective and physiological responses to intravenous nicotine in male and female smokers
Authors: Sofuoglu Mehmet , Mitchell Ellen , Mooney Marc 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies suggest possible modulatory effects of progesterone on nicotine addiction. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of progesterone, on acute physiological and subjective responses to intravenous (IV) nicotine in overnight abstinent male and female smokers.MethodsTwelve smokers, six males and six females, participated in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study, which consisted of two experimental sessions. Before each session, subjects were treated orally with a single dose of either 200 mg progesterone or placebo. Starting 2 h following the medication treatment, subjects received an IV saline injection, followed by 0.5 and 1.0 mg/70 kg IV nicotine.ResultsProgesterone treatment, compared to placebo, enhanced the ratings of “bad effects,” from IV nicotine and attenuated the rating of “drug liking.” Progesterone also enhanced suppression of smoking urges by nicotine as assessed by the Brief Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (BQSU).ConclusionsThese results suggest that progesterone may alter the subjective effects of nicotine as well as urges to smoke cigarettes. Further studies are warranted to examine the modulation of nicotine's effects by gonadal hormones. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical and histopathological effects of dietary oxidized cholesterol in rats
Authors: Soto‐Rodríguez Ida , Campillo‐Velázquez Perla J. , Alexander‐Aguilera Alfonso , Rodríguez‐Estrada María Teresa , Lercker Giovanni , Garcia Hugo S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCholesterol oxidation products (COPs) have been associated with the genesis of chronic degenerative diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The purpose of this work was to study the histological changes by toxic effects of dietary COPs in liver and kidney. Five‐week‐old male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Standard rat chow was supplemented with either 1% (w/w) pure cholesterol or 1% oxidized cholesterol and fed to the rats for 8 weeks. Control animals were fed standard rat chow. At the end of the treatment period, the serum lipid profile was determined. The aorta, liver and kidneys were excised immediately, frozen with liquid nitrogen, and held at −70 °C. The histological study was carried out using conventional hematoxylin‐eosin staining, and histochemical red oil ‘O’ was applied. COPs were analyzed by gas chromatography. Intake of dietary COPs altered biochemical parameters involved in lipid metabolism associated with atherogenesis in rats: total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and low density lipoproteins in serum. COPs detected in the liver and kidneys modified the organ original structure, caused an inflammatory process and promoted atherogenesis and atrophy of the tissue. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approach to estimation of absorption of aliphatic hydrocarbons diffusing from interior materials in an automobile cabin by inhalation toxicokinetic analysis in rats
Authors: Yoshida Toshiaki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe interior air of an automobile cabin has been demonstrated in our previous studies to be contaminated by high concentrations of a large variety of aliphatic hydrocarbons diffusing from the interior materials. In the present study, the amounts of seven selected aliphatic hydrocarbons absorbed by the car driver were estimated by evaluating their inhalation toxicokinetics in rats. Measured amounts of the substances were injected into a closed chamber system in which a rat had been placed, and the concentration changes in the chamber were examined. The toxicokinetics of the substances were evaluated based on concentration–time courses using a nonlinear compartment model. Their absorption amounts in humans at the levels of actual concentrations in the cabins without ventilation were extrapolated from the results found with the rats. The absorption amounts estimated for a driver during a 2 h drive were as follows: 6 µg/60 kg of human body weight for methylcyclopentane (interior concentration 23 µg/m3 as median value in previous study), 5 µg for 2‐methylpentane (36 µg/m3), 13 µg for n‐hexane (65 µg/m3), 51 µg for n‐heptane (150 µg/m3), 26 µg for 2,4‐dimethylheptane (97 µg/m3), 17 µg for n‐nonane (25 µg/m3) and 49 µg for n‐decane (68 µg/m3). An inverse relationship was found between the exposure and absorption among the substances (e.g. between n‐decane and 2,4‐dimethylheptane). These findings suggest that not only the exposure concentrations but also the absorption amounts should be taken into account to evaluate the health effects of exposure to low concentrations of volatile compounds as environmental contaminants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved xylitol production in media containing phenolic aldehydes: application of response surface methodology for optimization and modeling of bioprocess
Authors: Vieira Cortez Daniela , Conceição Roberto Inês 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The combined effects of vanillin and syringaldehyde on xylitol production by Candida guilliermondii using response surface methodology (RSM) have been studied. A 22 full‐factorial central composite design was employed for experimental design and analysis of the results.RESULTS: Maximum xylitol productivities (QP = 0.74 g L−1h−1) and yields (YP/S = 0.81 g g−1) can be attained by adding only vanillin at 2.0 g L−1 to the fermentation medium. These data were closely correlated with the experimental results obtained (0.69 ± 0.04 g L−1 h−1 and 0.77 ± 0.01 g g−1) indicating a good agreement with the predicted value. C. guilliermondii was able to convert vanillin completely after 24 h of fermentation with 94% yield of vanillyl alcohol.CONCLUSIONS: The bioconversion of xylose into xylitol by C. guilliermondii is strongly dependent on the combination of aldehydes and phenolics in the fermentation medium. Vanillin is a source of phenolic compound able to improve xylitol production by yeast. The conversion of vanillin to alcohol vanilyl reveals the potential of this yeast for medium detoxification. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry