bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally ablative resurfacing with the confluent 2,790 nm erbium:YSGG Laser: A pilot study on safety and efficacy
Authors: Walgrave Susan E. , Kist David A. , Noyaner‐Turley Ayse , Zelickson Brian D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe 2,790 nm Er:YSGG wavelength has a lower water absorption coefficient than the 2,940 nm Er:YAG, but a higher coefficient than the 10,600 nm CO2 laser. This allows ablative resurfacing with mild thermal coagulation, which may increase clinical efficacy while reducing patient downtime.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the confluent 2,790 nm Erbium:YSGG (Pearl™, Cutera) laser for facial rejuvenation.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEleven subjects (mean age 50, skin types I–III) with mild to moderate photodamage and wrinkles had two facial treatments with the 2,790 nm Er:YSGG laser using a fluence of 3.5 J/cm2, pulse duration of 0.4 msecond, and 20% overlap. Treatments were performed 6 weeks apart. Pre‐auricular biopsies from five subjects were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks after the final treatment. Data from blinded photo assessments and subjects' self‐assessment of improvement were analyzed 6 weeks after the final treatment. Additionally, long‐term safety and efficacy were evaluated 2 years after the final treatment.ResultsHistologically, 80% of subjects had new collagen formation in the dermal grenz zone, and 60% had increased epidermal thickness. Almost all subjects (91%) showed improvement in tone/texture, 82% of subjects showed improvement in dyschromia and fine lines, and 54% showed improvement in wrinkles 6 weeks after the final treatment. Subjects' self assessment indicated “significant” to “dramatic” improvement in dyschromia (91% of subjects) and tone/texture (82%) 6 weeks after the final treatment. All subjects saw “mild” to “significant” improvement in fine lines and wrinkles. At the 2‐year follow‐up visit, 57% of the overall improvement achieved at 6 weeks was maintained. No adverse events were reported throughout the study.ConclusionAblative resurfacing with the 2,790 nm Er:YSGG laser demonstrated visible improvement in photodamage with good tolerability and minimal downtime. Subjects were highly satisfied, especially with respect to dyschromia, skin tone, and texture. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:103–111, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Barcodes für Tiere und Pflanzen
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEin Genabschnitt bei Tieren erwies sich als geeignetes Erkennungsmerkmal für Arten und erhielt deshalb die Bezeichnung DNA‐Barcode. Der Traum vom universellen Erkennungszeichen für alle Lebensformen verwirklichte sich allerdings bisher nicht, da die Situation bei Pilzen und Pflanzen komplizierter ist.
Improving the arithmetic intensity of multigrid with the help of polynomial smoothers
Authors: Ghysels P. , Kłosiewicz P. , Vanroose W. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThe basic building blocks of a classic multigrid algorithm, which are essentially stencil computations, all have a low ratio of executed floating point operations per byte fetched from memory. This important ratio can be identified as the arithmetic intensity. Applications with a low arithmetic intensity are typically bounded by memory traffic and achieve only a small percentage of the theoretical peak performance of the underlying hardware. We propose a polynomial Chebyshev smoother, which we implement using cache‐aware tiling, to increase the arithmetic intensity of a multigrid V‐cycle. This tiling approach involves a trade‐off between redundant computations and cache misses. Unlike common conception, we observe optimal performance for higher degrees of the smoother. The higher‐degree polynomial Chebyshev smoother can be used to smooth more than just the upper half of the error frequencies, leading to better V‐cycle convergence rates. Smoothing more than the upper half of the error spectrum allows a more aggressive coarsening approach where some levels in the multigrid hierarchy are skipped. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic sensitivity of serum and lumbar CSF bHCG in newly diagnosed CNS germinoma
Authors: Allen Jeffrey , Chacko Jeena , Donahue Bernadine , Dhall Girish , Kretschmar Cynthia , Jakacki Regina , Holmes Emi , Pollack Ian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundMarked elevations of AFP and bHCG in serum or CSF may serve as surrogate diagnostic markers in lieu of histology for primary CNS mixed, malignant germ cell tumors. There is less information on the diagnostic sensitivity of bHCG assays in germinoma.ProcedureWe report baseline serum and lumbar CSF bHCG values in 58 newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed germinoma patients gathered from two prospective clinical trials which required that patients have a normal AFP and bHCG ≤50 mIU/ml in serum and lumbar CSF.ResultsThe location of the primary tumors was: suprasellar(23); pineal(20); suprasellar/pineal(9); and other sites(6). The mean age of the study population was 13.5 (4.3–25.9) years. A total of 23(40%) patients had elevations of bHCG in either serum or CSF, 20(34.5%) of whom had only bHCG elevations in CSF. The patients' bHCG profiles were divided into four categories: I (normal serum and lumbar CSF bHCG), 35(60%); II (normal serum and elevated CSF bHCG), 20(34.5%); III (elevated serum and CSF bHCG), 2(3.5%); and IV (elevated serum and normal CSF bHCG), 1(2%). The median CSF bHCG level was 7.7(2.5–16) in the 22 patients with abnormal CSF values and the lumbar value was higher than the serum value in 20 of 23(87%) patients with bHCG elevations.ConclusionsLumbar CSF was a more informative screen for bHCG than serum but the majority of patients (60%) had normal bHCG values at diagnosis. Until a more sensitive tumor marker for germinoma is devised, histologic confirmation remains the standard of care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1180–1182. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subsequent publication rate of studies from India presented at the annual congresses of SIOP
Authors: Arora Ramandeep Singh , Arora Puneet , Prabhu Vinod , Eden Tim 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSubsequent publication as a complete manuscript is a desirable end‐point for studies presented at scientific meetings. Between 2001 and 2005, 191 studies from India were presented at annual congresses of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology. Of these 24 (12.6%) were published with a median time to publication of 20 months. This subsequent publication rate is lower than previous reports of SPR for either paediatric or oncological meetings. A lower proportion of oral presentations and randomised clinical trials (RCTs) could partly explain our findings. Further research is needed to understand barriers to subsequent publication of presented data from India. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 956–958. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of metabolic syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents
Authors: Paris Claudia , Yates Lorena , Lama Pamela , Zepeda Ana J. , Gutiérrez Daniela , Palma Julia 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the Chilean National Program.ProceduresDescriptive and cross‐sectional study including 69 patients was conducted. Body mass index, pubertal development, waist circumference, arterial pressure (AP), and triglycerides, HDL‐cholesterol, and glucose levels were recorded at the time of study entry. The National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III, as modified by the American Heart Association) criteria are often used to diagnose MS in adults; however, for children and adolescents we followed criteria according to De Ferranti and American Diabetes Association. Statistical analyses were performed with a chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test according to sample size.ResultsSixty‐nine patients were studied. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 12.9 years, and the median time of follow‐up post‐transplant was 4 years. Forty‐three patients were males, 54 patients had malignant diseases, and 59 patients received allogeneic transplants. Of the 69 patients, 32% had MS; the most common MS features were abdominal obesity (73%), hypertriglyceridemia (91%), and a low HDL‐cholesterol level (96%). The most significant risk factor for MS was corticosteroid therapy use pre‐ (P < 0.03) and post‐HSCT (P < 0.03), obesity and overweight associated with MS (P < 0.001). No patient developed cardiovascular complications.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MS was 32%, which was significantly higher than in a healthy pediatric population. We recommend prolonged follow‐up for transplant recipients, coupled with enforcement of preventive measures, such as early diagnosis and encouragement of a healthy lifestyle. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:306–310. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does additional confounder information alter the estimated risk of bleeding associated with phenprocoumon use—results of a two‐phase study
Authors: Behr Sigrid , Schill Walter , Pigeot Iris 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeClaims databases are an important source for pharmacoepidemiological studies although they often lack information on some confounders. Two‐phase methodology was used to estimate the bleeding risk in patients treated with phenprocoumon from claims data combined with additional information on body mass index (BMI) and smoking.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study using claims data from 2004 to 2007 (phase 1). Additional information was obtained from interviews in a subset of 505 insurants (phase 2). Adjusted bleeding OR were calculated using logistic regression using data from the complete case–control dataset. Furthermore, a two‐phase analysis was conducted, taking into consideration phase 2 data on BMI and smoking.ResultsThe phase 1 sample included 1248 cases and 24 960 controls. In phase 1, we observed an adjusted bleeding ORs of 3.93 (95%CI: 2.75–5.61) for male subjects aged 55 years taking phenprocoumon. The bleeding risk associated with phenprocoumon use decreased with increasing age. The two‐phase analysis revealed smoking and a high BMI as risk factors for bleeding. The OR for phenprocoumon obtained from the two‐phase analysis was of similar size as the phase 1 estimate.DiscussionPhase 2 data added valuable information on smoking and BMI. However, phase 1 results did not change dramatically after accounting for phase 2 information, which is reassuring for the validity of database studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐molecular‐weight polytetrafluoroethylene bearing thermally stable perfluoroalkyl end‐groups prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Xu Anhou , Yuan Wang Zhang , Zhang Heng , Wang Li , Li Hong , Zhang Yongming 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLow‐molecular‐weight (Mn) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) homopolymers were successfully prepared using a perfluorodiacyl initiator, bis(perfluoro‐2‐n‐propoxypropionyl) peroxide, in supercritical carbon dioxide. Solid‐state 19F NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectral analyses show that perfluoroalkyl end‐groups are present in the resultant PTFEs. Thermogravimetric analysis suggests all polymers with various Mn have outstanding thermal stability. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicate that both melting and crystallization transitions of PTFE shift to lower temperatures when Mn decreases, because shorter polymer chains can move more easily at lower temperatures. Investigation of polymerization kinetics suggests that the rate law for the polymerization has kinetic orders of 0.5 and 1.0 with respect to initiator and monomer concentrations, indicating that termination occurs through coupling of propagating chains. Melt fusion crystallinity of as‐polymerized PTFE can be as high as 86%, and the polymerization rate does not seem to be obviously affected by the total interphase area of the polymer phase, implying polymerization mainly occurs in the carbon dioxide‐rich fluid phase; meanwhile, the low viscosity and high diffusivity of supercritical carbon dioxide mean that propagating chains have more opportunities to meet, thus yielding low‐Mn PTFEs. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Estimation of multi‐junction solar cell parameters
Authors: Ben Or Asaf , Appelbaum Joseph 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe paper deals with the parameter estimation of InGaP/GaAs/Ge multi‐junction solar cell and is based on minimizing the difference between the measured I–V and the theoretical I–V characteristics—the objective function. The parameter estimation was first performed on a multi‐junction solar cell represented by a single‐diode model containing eight parameters: five conventional parameters and three additional parameters for the negative diode breakdown voltage. An extended model is also presented for detailed analysis of the multi‐junction cell containing three subcells connected in series. In this model, each subcell is represented by eight parameters, and therefore a total of 24 parameters describe the cell. The parameter estimation procedure requires derivatives of the first and the second order of an objective function, filtering of noisy measurements, iteration algorithm, guessing of initial parameters, zero finding, and stopping criteria. The paper presents a mathematical method and a procedure for extracting solar cell parameters based on I–V measured data. The parameters' values may be used for analysis of the current mismatch of the subcells, the power loss, the output power of the multi‐junction cell for different environmental conditions, and to some extent, for cell fabrication. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximizing the effectiveness of building teams in response to intervention implementation
Authors: Nellis Leah M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn the school setting, teams are abundant, often serving multiple purposes, having various titles, and consisting of diverse members. Teams are considered an essential component of Response to Intervention (RtI) and are the vehicle through which data‐based decision making occurs at the school, grade, small‐group, and individual student level. Thus, high‐quality teaming practices are critical for the realization of the potential outcomes associated with RtI and intervention efforts. Existing research has identified various barriers to the implementation of high‐quality team practices. This article summarizes the history of teaming in schools, discusses potential barriers, and offers strategies for enhancing team practices and maximizing the outcomes of teaming. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbohydrate‐based copolyesters made from bicyclic acetalized galactaric acid
Authors: Lavilla C. , Alla A. , de Ilarduya A. Martínez , Benito E. , García‐Martín M. G. , Galbis J. A. , Muñoz‐Guerra S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMixtures of the dimethyl esters of adipic acid and 2,3:4,5‐di‐O‐methylene‐galactaric acid (Galx) were made to react in the melt with either 1,6‐hexanediol or 1,12‐dodecanediol to produce linear polycyclic copolyesters with aldarate unit contents varying from 10 up to 90 mole %. The copolyesters had weight–average molecular weights in the ∼35,000–45,000 g mol−1 range and a random microstructure, and were thermally stable up to nearly 300 °C. They displayed Tg in the ‐50 to ‐7 °C range with values largely increasing with the content in galactarate units. All the copolyesters were semicrystalline with Tm between 20 and 90 °C but only those made from 1,12‐dodecanediol were able to crystallize from the melt at a crystallization rate that decreased as the contents in the two comonomers approached each other. Copolyesters containing minor amounts of galactarate units adopted the crystal structure characteristic of aliphatic polyesters but a new crystal polymorph was formed when the cyclic sugar units became the majority. Stress–strain parameters were sensitively affected by composition of the copolyesters with the mechanical behavior changing from flexible/ductile to stiff/brittle with the replacement of adipate units by the galactarate units. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
The friction coefficient on polycarbonate as a function of the contact pressure and nanoscale roughness
Authors: Rubin A. , Gauthier C. , Schirrer R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDuring dry friction the rheological behavior at the interface between a polymer surface and a rigid indenter is linked to the local pressure and the roughness of the surface of the indenter. This study on polycarbonate reports experimental results obtained at ambient temperature using rigid, spherical glass indenters of various radii. In a first step, a plot of the experimental friction coefficient μ versus the mean contact pressure pmean showed that below the yield stress (pmean < 100 MPa) the intrinsic friction coefficient follows a master curve for smooth indenters. In a second step, roughened indenters were prepared by chemical etching, which allowed the monitoring of nanoscale roughness parameters. From 5.5 to 140 nm Rrms, the friction coefficient μ progressively fell to a plastic‐like constant value, indicating that the nanoroughness mediates the friction. These results form the basis for a study of the rheology of confined polymer layers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Insights on the acetylated NF‐κB transcription factor complex with DNA from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Fenollar‐Ferrer Cristina , Anselmi Claudio , Carnevale Vincenzo , Raugei Simone , Carloni Paolo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is a DNA sequence‐specific regulator of many important biological processes, whose activity is modulated by enzymatic acetylation. In one of the best functionally characterized NF‐κB complexes, the p50/p65 heterodimer, acetylation of K221 at p65 causes a decrease of DNA dissociation rate, whilst the acetylation of K122 and K123, also at p65, markedly decreases the binding affinity for DNA. By means of molecular dynamics simulations based on the X‐ray structure of the p50/p65 complex with DNA, we provide insights on the structural determinants of the acetylated complexes in aqueous solution. Lysine acetylation involves the loss of favorable electrostatic interactions between DNA and NF‐κB, which is partially compensated by the reduction of the desolvation free‐energy of the two binding partners. Acetylation at both positions K122 and K123 is associated with a decrease of the electrostatic potential at the p65/DNA interface, which is only partially counterbalanced by an increase of the local Na+ concentration. It induces the disruption of base‐specific and nonspecific interactions between DNA and NF‐κB and it is consistent with the observed decrease of binding affinity. In contrast, acetylation at position K221 results in the loss of nonspecific protein–DNA interactions, but the DNA recognition sites are not affected. In addition, the loss of protein–DNA interactions is likely to be counterbalanced by an increase of the configurational entropy of the complex, which provides, at a speculative level, a justification for the observed decrease of NF‐κB/DNA dissociation rate. Proteins 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectral nudging in regional climate modelling: how strongly should we nudge?
Authors: Omrani Hiba , Drobinski Philippe , Dubos Thomas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSpectral nudging is a technique consisting in driving regional climate models (RCMs) on selected spatial scales corresponding to those produced by the driving global circulation model (GCM). This technique prevents large and unrealistic departures between the GCM driving fields and the RCM fields at the GCM spatial scales. Theoretically, the relaxation of the RCM towards the GCM should be infinitely strong provided thre are perfect large‐scale fields. In practice, the nudging time is chosen based on trial and error. In this study, the physical parameters setting the optimal nudging coefficient are identified and their effects are discussed. In addition to the predictability time τp, already analyzed in a companion article, the time interval τa between consecutive GCM driving fields is a key controlling parameter, especially when spectral nudging is considered. Indeed, the driving GCM fields are interpolated in time at every RCM integration time step, which is much smaller than τa. This produces an inaccurate evolution of the GCM fields. A nudging time close to zero (infinitly strong nudging) would thus produce a non‐realistic evolution of the RCM large‐scale field and consequently an inaccurate small‐scale field. The optimum nudging coefficient thus differs from zero, but remains smaller than the predictability time τp, as discussed elsewhere. Furthermore depending on the time interval τa, all scales present in the driving fields may not be well time‐resolved. It can then be beneficial to filter them out rather than driving the RCM with fields affected by time‐sampling errors. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Hund's rule in the doubly excited states of the helium isoelectronic
Authors: Katriel Jacob , Themelis Spyros I. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe relative magnitudes of the interelectronic repulsions in doubly excited states of the helium isoelectronic sequence that correspond to a common (zero order) configuration are explored. For the isoelectronic sequences of singly excited states an inversion of the relative magnitude of this quantity has been observed to take place at the low end of the sequence, compared to the prediction of first‐order perturbation theory. It was demonstrated that this inversion is associated with expansion of the inner shell concomitant with contraction of the outer shell. Correlation does not upset this inversion. A heuristic analysis of the behavior of the singly excited states near the critical charge at which the outer electron becomes unbound suggests that the inversion in the relative magnitudes of the singlet and triplet interelectronic repulsions is indeed inevitable. A similar argument shows that for the harmonic quantum dot such an inversion is highly unlikely (and is actually ruled out by numerical calculations). The behavior observed in intrashell doubly excited states of two‐electron atoms exhibits markedly different features. Within the Hartree–Fock level no inversion of the relative magnitudes of the interelectronic repulsions takes place, in agreement with the absence of an expanding inner shell. However, correlation appears to play a more decisive role in this case, yielding a reversal of the relative magnitudes of the interelectronic repulsion that the independent particle model does not anticipate. Inserting a closed inner shell, that is, examining the singlet and triplet terms of the four electron configuration 1s22p2 and the six electron configuration 1s22s22p2, fully supports the role of the inner shell in giving rise to an inversion of the relative magnitudes of the interelectronic repulsions even at the Hartree–Fock level. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.