bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperament as a basic element of bipolar spectrum and subthreshold manifestations
Authors: Harnic D. , Koukopoulos A. , Mazza M. , Bria P. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesTemperament represents one of the basic elements of bipolar spectrum.MethodsA systematic search was undertaken in MEDLINE (from 1977 to 2007) to obtain articles published in English regarding the association of temperament and bipolar disorder. Keywords used were “temperament”, “bipolar disorder”, “assessment”, “bipolar spectrum”, “subthreshold”.ResultsIn opposition to the dichotomic conception which up to the end of XIX century considered mania and depression as two distinct and separate categories, Kraepelin has postulated a psychopathological “continuum” between temperament and affective disorders called “bipolar spectrum”. This concept has been reintroduced in contemporary psychiatry by Akiskal's works. By rebuilding the history of patients affected by bipolar disorder, temperamental traits can be already observed in the pre-morbid period and can also persist during disorder-free intervals.ConclusionsBy interpreting and diagnosing multiple expressions of bipolar spectrum, psychiatrists today are facing one of the most important challenges in everyday clinical practice. The temperamental “dysregulation” is the pathological basis of mood disorders and some temperamental traits in individuals can reflect a predisposition to develop a mood disorder.
Change of cliinical features of bipolar i disorder on a year-over-year basis in patients hospitalized in Imam Hossein Hospital during years of 1991 to 2006
Authors: Kia A. , Samimi Ardestani S.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionBipolar I Disorder (BID) might be diagnosed primarily as schizophrenia or major depressive disorder in children and adolescents due to unstable or vague symptoms. The depressive phase not yet followed by a manic or mixed episode in either adults or adolescents may lead to an early misdiagnosis. The concept of mixed episode as a manic episode intruding on previous depressive traits puts emphasis on early managements that may lead to a mixed episode.ObjectivesAssess of changes in clinical features of BID.AimsTo determine the frequency of mixed and manic phase of BID and assess change in rate of mixed versus manic episode on a year-over-year basis.MethodsStudy is a cross sectional study performed on 322 patients diagnosed with BID hospitalized in the psychiatric ward of Imam Hossein Hospital during the years of 1991 to 2006. Each episode was considered as an individual case. A single psychiatrist used DSM IV-TR criteria to differentiate a mixed episode from a manic one.ResultsAmong 322 patients, 117 were cases of mixed episode and 205 patients were diagnosed as manic episode. Year-over-year comparisons showed an increasing rate of the diagnosis of mixed episode during the course of the study.ConclusionsThe increased rate of the diagnosis of the mixed episode during the period of the study drives attention to all the probable factors that might have a role on the subsequent changes of the clinical feature of BID toward mixed episode.
The quality of life of patients suffering from bipolar disorder – a comparison with schizophrenic patients and healthy controls
Authors: Latalova K. , Diveky T. , Kamaradova D. , Velartova H. , Prasko J. 
Published: May 2011

Host of studies have now examined QoL in patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia until recently few had specifically focused upon QoL in patients with bipolar disorder. The purpose of the present study was to find out the QoL data in patients suffering from bipolar disorder in clinical remission and examine the extent of the effects of the demographical and clinical data on QoL in these patients. The second aim was to compare the QoL data with the data of patients suffering from schizophrenia in clinical remission and with healthy controls.Data were obtained by using the quality of life questionnaire (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction - Q-LES-Q) for 41 bipolar patients in clinical remission. The data of these subjects were compared with the data of 40 schizophrenic patients in clinical remission and with 40 healthy controls.There are statistically significant difference in comparison with schizophrenic patients, but not in comparison with healthy controls. There were higher mean scores in most Q-LES-Q summary scales in patients with bipolar disorder in comparison with schizophrenic patients and in some summary scales in comparison with healthy controls.Our results suggest the same or higher subjective quality of life in patients suffering with bipolar disorder in clinical remission in comparison with healthy controls and higher subjective quality of life in bipolar patients in clinical remission in comparison with schizophrenic patients in clinical remission.Supported by grant IGA MZ ČR NT11047
P01-223-Recovery of cognitive functioning in patients with co-occurring bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence during early remission from an acute mood episode
Authors: Levy B. , Manove E. , Weiss R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPreliminary data suggest that patients who suffer from both bipolar disorder (BD) and alcohol dependence (AD) may be more vulnerable to cognitive dysfunction than patients with a single diagnosis, especially during periods that are clinically unstable.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive recovery of dually-diagnosed patients during remission from an acute mood disturbance.AimThe study aimed to replicate our previous comparison of cognitive functioning between BD patients with and without AD, while on the inpatient unit, and to extend this investigation in a longitudinal design post-discharge.MethodFifty-five adult inpatients with bipolar I disorder completed a neuropsychological battery, mood measures and substance abuse measures upon discharge from the hospital and at a 3 month follow up. Analyses provided group comparisons on these measures between patients who presented with co-occurrence of AD (n = 21) in the year prior to hospital admission and patients without a Substance Use Disorder (SUD; n = 34).ResultsCompared to patients without SUD, dually-diagnosed patients scored significantly more poorly on measures of visual memory, verbal memory and executive functioning both at hospital discharge and follow-up. They also exhibited more limited recovery of these functions over the course of this period. Mood symptoms decreased in both groups from discharge to follow up.ConclusionsPatients with co-occurring BD and AD may suffer from more severe cognitive dysfunction and less favorable recovery of cognitive deficits than BD patients without SUD over the course of remission from a mood episode.
Emotional hyper-reactivity in normothymic bipolar patients
Authors: M’bailara K. , Henry C. 
Published: May 2011

EUthymic states in bipolar disorders are generally considered to be devoid of severe symptoms. However, bipolar patients present subsyndromal symptoms for half of their life, and often have comorbid psychiatric disorders. If we go beyond the concept of temperamental features, can we identify certain emotional characteristics distinguishing normothymic bipolar patients from normal controls? The aim of this study was to assess the emotional reactivity of normothymic bipolar patients, comparing such patients with a normal control group during an experimental mood induction procedure.We evaluated the subjective emotional reactivity of 145 subjects (90 control subjects and 55 normothymic bipolar patients), using an emotional induction method based on the viewing of a set of slides (6 positive, 6 negative, 6 neutral) extracted from International Affective Picture System. Subjective valence and arousal were recorded with the Self Assessment Manikin.We also recorded startle reflexes.Normothymic bipolar patients and normal controls assessed valence and arousal similarly for positive and negative images. However, neutral images were considered more pleasant, and induced a higher level of arousal, in normothymic bipolar patients than in control subjects. Neutral pictures also triggered a stronger startle reflex in normothymic bipolar patients compared to controls.Normothymic bipolar patients displayed emotional hyper-reactivity, mostly evidenced in neutral situations. This feature may be linked to emotional dysregulation and is a potential endophenotype and or a risk factor for bipolar disorders. This trait may be responsible for vulnerability to minor stressful events in everyday life. These findings have potential implications for the daily management.
Subjective experience of cognitive function in affective disorders
Authors: Miskowiak K. , Vinberg M. , Christensen E.M. , Kessing L.V. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD) may persist into periods of remission and affect psychosocial function. Attention and memory deficits may be more pronounced during remission in BD compared with UD. However, patients’ subjective experience of cognitive difficulties is poorly understood, and it is unclear whether this differs between BD and UD.Aims and objectivesTo examine self-reported cognitive function in remitted patients with BD and UD.MethodsPatients with BD (n = 54) and UD (n = 45) were referred to the outpatient clinic at Department of Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, following hospital discharge.Affective symptoms and patients’ experience of cognitive symptoms were assessed at their initial consultation at the clinic.ResultsPatients in remission experienced mild to moderate impairment of cognitive function with greatest difficulties in motivation, energy, attention and memory. Subjective experience of cognitive function were similar for BD and UD and were predicted by affective symptoms rather than by diagnosis, age, gender or comorbid alcohol misuse.ConclusionsThe absence of differences between UD and BD in the subjective experience of cognitive difficulties contrasts with evidence of greater objective cognitive dysfunction in BD. This highlights a potential discord between subjective and objective measures of cognitive function. The impact of affective symptoms on the subjectively experienced cognitive difficulties suggests that they reflect mood symptoms rather than objective cognitive deficits. Further investigation of the relation between objective and subjective measures of cognitive function and the influence of affective symptoms is warranted.
Suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder
Authors: Nogueira V. , Valente J. , Soares M.J. , Pereira A.T. , Maia B. , Marques M. , Allen Gomes A. , Macedo A. , Azevedo M.H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionBipolar Disorder is a serious, common and disabling mental disorder which is associated to high morbidity and high suicide attempt rates.ObjectivesTo identify clinical and social-demographic variables associated to suicidal behaviour in Bipolar Disorder.MethodsThe samples comprises 124 patients (62.1% females) diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder (ICD-10 diagnosis following DIGS/OPCRIT). The variables selected to the analysis were extracted from DIGS and OPCRIT.ResultsSuicidal behaviour occurs in 27.1% of the patients; the most used method was voluntary drug poisoning; it's more frequent in females, with males using more violent methods - remaining results still unavailable.ConclusionsThis study identifies several clinical and social-demographic variables that can help the clinician to delineate a suicidal profile among his Bipolar patients, hence improving his ability to develop an early intervention plan and suicide prevention strategies.
P01-243-An open non-randomised study of course and clinical characteristics of bipolar mixed state in comparison with bipolar manic and depressed state in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Raman K. , Sharma P.S.V.N. , Haridas K. , Das S.K. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesThe study attempts to delineate the clinical correlates (suicidal risk, manic, depressive and psychotic symptom severity) and course characteristics (age of onset and details of past affective episodes) of bipolar mixed state and compare with bipolar manic and bipolar depressed state diagnosed according to ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research(ICD-10 DCR).MethodologyThe study was carried out in inpatient psychiatry setting of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India over a period of 10 months. It was an Open, Non-randomised, Naturalistic study with sequential sampling. The rating scales used were Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and Beck Scale for suicidal ideation.ResultsA total of 70 subjects were included in the study meeting the criteria of bipolar disorder currently manic, depressed and mixed state according to ICD-10 DCR.Manic group constituted the majority (n1 = 47) followed by depressed (n2 = 17) and mixed groups (n3 = 6). Mixed group was characterized by preponderance of females, high suicidal intent, high frequency of mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms, illness severity and significant family history.ConclusionThe study was able to establish some core features that were specific to mixed states. A larger sample size and a prospective follow up study would throw light on the existence of this group as an independent entity.
Experiences of family caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Shamsaei F. , Mohamad Khan Kermanshhi S. , Vanaki Z. , Hajizadeh E. , Hayatbakhsh M.R. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundAttention to caregiving consequences has been mainly restricted to bipolar disorder, although studies suggest that relatives of bipolar patients also experience considerable distress.AimThe purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences from family member caregiver with bipolar disorder patient.MethodsIn a qualitative research of phenomenological methodology, the family member's caregivers of bipolar disorder in farshian psychiatric hospital in Hamedan (Iran) were selected by purposive sampling in the year 2010. By reaching data saturation the number of participant was 12. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed by “Van manen” method.ResultsAnalysis of the interviews revealed six major themes: emotional impact, physical impact, social impact, Financial Impact, Disruption of family functioning and social support needs.ConclusionsHighlight the need for family-oriented mental health services to be developed and for further research to identify the specific nursing interventions that are effective in helping to sustain family caregiving.
P01-248-Theory of mind, moral judgments and neuropsychological functioning in patients with bipolar disorders
Authors: Signorelli M. , Geraci A. , Aguglia E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSeveral studies revealed that cognitive functioning in BPD are impaired not only in the acute phase but over time (Mur et al., 2008). On Theory of Mind (ToM) recent studies found a impairment of this ability in remitted patients, supporting the theory that ToM deficits are trait-dependent (Bora et al., 2009) in contrast with another study that suggest a partially dependence(Wolf et al. 2010).ObjectivesWe explored: a) ToM in BPD investigating two cognitive processes: emotional recognition, second order beliefs attribution; b) Moral judgments in BPD; c) possible effects of neuropsychological functioning on ToM task and moral dilemmas.AimsThe principal aim is to investigate the domain specificity of ToM and Moral sense, studying selective impairments.MethodA total of 20 patients with bipolar I disorder were tested and 20 healthy controls. We use a complete neuropsychological assessment, two ToM tasks (Eyes test, Sullivan's stories) and we added two moral dilemmas to asses moral judgment Results: We found ToM deficits in BDP, with a multiple correlation between ToM and neuropsychological functioning. Also we found for the first time a impairment on personal moral dilemma, with a correlation between emotional recognition and moral judgments.ConclusionPatients with BPD are impaired in ToM partially independent of other cognitive dysfunctions and in moral reasoning.
Do patients with bipolar disorders receive evidence-based psychosocial interventions? a survey in Italy
Authors: Vallarino M. , Rapisarda F. , Parabiaghi A. , Barbato A. ,   European Network of Bipolar Research Expert Centers
Published: May 2011

IntroductionResearch evidence on bipolar disorder supports the importance of patients’ active role to improve outcome and the efficacy of a number of psychosocial interventions. The lower cost and potential ease of dissemination of group psychoeducation suggest that this should be a first line approach, with more complex interventions, requiring highly specialized skills, reserved to selected patients. However, to what extent research models can be transferred to everyday practice remains to be seen.ObjectivesTo explore the delivery of psychosocial interventions to bipolar disorders patients in routine mental health care.AimsTo estimate the treated prevalence of bipolar disorders in Milan and to collect data about the variety of psychosocial interventions patients received by mental health services.MethodsA survey of psychosocial interventions received by bipolar patients in three mental health services of Milan (catchment area 867,000 inhabitants) was conducted in 2009. Data from the Regional Mental Health Information System were retrieved to calculate the number of patients involved in psychosocial interventions and the kind of intervention provided.ResultsThe treated prevalence rate was low, showing a probable treatment gap. Only 20% of 636 bipolar patients received at least one psychosocial intervention. The interventions provided were: family psychoeducation (3,8%), individual social skills training (11,5%), group social skills training (1,4%), and relatives group (3,0%).ConclusionsFew bipolar patients receive psychosocial interventions in the MHS of Milan. Moreover, the interventions received were not specifically designed for bipolar disorder. Treatment gap could be reduced providing psychoeducation especially designed for bipolar patients.
Patterns of disease and severity in bipolar disorder: Retrospective data from a large multinational longitudinal study (WAVE-bd)
Authors: Vieta E. , Figueira M.L. , Bellivier F. , Souery D. , Blasco-Colmenares E. , Medina E. , Langosch J. ,   WAVE-bd Study Group
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe Wide AmbispectiVE study of the clinical management and burden of bipolar disorder (BD) (WAVE-bd; NCT01062607) is ongoing to address limitations of longitudinal BD studies to-date focused on single disease phases or treatment.Aim/ObjectiveTo describe baseline bipolar mood state and severity in a cohort of patients with BD.MethodsMultinational, multicentre, non-interventional, longitudinal study of patients diagnosed with BD-I or BD-II with ≥1 mood event in the preceding 12 months (retrospective data collection from index mood event to enrolment, followed by 9-14 months’ prospective follow-up). Site and patient selection provided a sample representative of bipolar populations. The study includes descriptive analyses of demographics, diagnosis and medical history.Results2880 patients (mean age 46.5 years [SD: 13.3]; 62.0% female) were recruited March to September 2010: 1989 (69.1%) BD-I and 891 (30.9%) BD-II. Time (years) from first symptoms to diagnosis was 2.9 [SD: 6.6] (BD-I) and 4.4 [SD: 8.0] (BD-II). Of the total population, 20.8% lived alone (13.9% BD-I, 6.9% BD-II), 36.7% were employed (24.0% BD-I, 12.7% BD-II) and 13.3% unemployed (9.5% BD-I, 3.8% BD-II). Disease status at inclusion (BD-I, BD-II, respectively [mild, moderate, severe]) included hypomania (7.9% [67.7%, 31.0%, 1.3%], 6.5% [70.7%, 29.3%, 0%]), mania (7.1% [26.1%, 47.2%, 26.8%], 0%), euthymia (58.6%, 60.3%), depression (19.7% [38.8%, 47.7%, 13.5%], 31.1% [41.2%, 46.9%, 11.9%]) and mixed (5.7% [30.1%, 46.9%, 23.0%], 0%).ConclusionsThis ongoing study provides detailed insight into a large BD population, showing the majority with euthymia and an important proportion with depression both in BD-I and BD-II patients.
Evidence that better theory of mind skills in children with auditory hallucinations mitigate the risk of secondary delusion formation
Authors: Bartels-Velthuis A.A. , Blijd-Hoogewys E.M.A. , Van Os J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIt has been observed that children with auditory hallucinations (AH) may develop secondary delusional ideation, which is thought to increase the risk of need for care and patient status. Little is known about the cognitive vulnerabilities mediating delusion formation in children experiencing perceptual anomalies like AH. The ability to correctly interpret another person's intentions or emotions, referred to as mentalizing ability or ‘theory of mind’ (ToM), is shown to be impaired in children with psychotic symptoms and to be associated with delusional ideation in individuals at risk. A direct link between mentalizing ability and delusions is suggested by their presentation as alterations in social inference.ObjectiveTo examine the cognitive vulnerabilities mediating delusion formation in children presenting with AH.MethodIn a sample of 259 12- and 13-year-old children, AH, delusional experiences (’mind reading’,’paranoid ideas’ and’receiving media messages’) and theory of mind (ToM) were assessed, in order to examine the hypothesized moderating role of ToM in delusion formation.ResultsThe risk of delusion formation was significantly higher in AH children with lower ToM skills (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.3–6.4, P = 0.008), compared to AH children with higher ToM skills (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.9–3.4, P = 0.11).ConclusionOur results suggest that better mentalizing abilities confer protection against developing full-blown psychosis in children experiencing perceptual anomalies.
General topics for a national education program about mental health in the Portuguese school
Authors: Cordeiro R.A. 
Published: May 2011

The young population is especially vulnerable to phenomena such as social exclusion, especially in the transition from school to working life, with all the implications that might ensue for the ability to develop a sense of future. Compare to adulthood, young people are a risk group for mental illness by the vulnerability they are submitted, concerning financial and employment problems, training opportunities or family disorganization. Note that the family model has undergone rapid changes revealing new representations and a fertile ground for mental disorders of the forum.Although the collected information, the data produced and multiple studies have been difficult to implement a consistent and structured education for mental health in the adolescent population.