bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses report a healthy culture: Results of the Practice Environment Scale (Australia) in an Australian hospital seeking Magnet recognition
Authors: Walker Kim , Middleton Sandy , Rolley John , Duff Jed 
Published: December 2010

Walker K, Middleton S, Rolley J, Duff J. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 616–623 Nurses report a healthy culture: Results of the Practice Environment Scale (Australia) in an Australian hospital seeking Magnet recognitionThe Magnet Recognition Program requires evidence that the nursing practice environment supports staff to provide optimal care, access professional development opportunities and participate in hospital affairs. This research aimed to assess clinical nurses’ work environment at a leading private hospital in Sydney, Australia using a version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index modified for the Australian context.Our results were comparable to Magnet hospitals for two subscales and significantly higher than Magnet results for the remaining three subscales and the composite scale. This was especially pleasing in relation to the hospital's preparation for Magnet recognition. Hospitals across Australasia might find administration of the Practice Environment Scale (modified for use in the Australian context) a useful exercise both as a stimulus to preparation and an indicator of readiness for Magnet recognition.
Value of chest CT in the diagnosis and management of tracheobronchial foreign bodies
Authors: Bai Weiliang , Zhou Xinjia , Gao Xin , Shao Chunbo , Califano Joseph A. , Ha Patrick K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of chest multidetector computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of children with suspected foreign body aspiration.Methods:  Chest CT was performed in 45 consecutive children with suspected foreign body aspiration, and plain chest X‐ray was conducted at the same time. Multiplanar reformatted imaging was carried out after multidetector CT. Rigid bronchoscopy and removal of the foreign body was performed under general anesthesia.Results:  All 42 patients (100%) with tracheobronchial foreign bodies were identified on chest CT. Three patients avoided unnecessary operations due to negative CT scans. For the patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies, the occurrence of unilateral hyperlucent lung and post‐obstructive lobar or segmental infiltrates on plain chest X‐ray was 42.9% (18/42) and 4.8% (2/42), respectively. Twenty‐two of the 42 patients (52.4%) had no abnormalities on plain X‐ray. The difference between multidetector CT and plain X‐ray results was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Surgical plans were designed and appropriate foreign body forceps were selected based on the CT scans. All foreign bodies were removed successfully, and no severe complications were observed. The location, shape, and volume of the foreign bodies found at surgery were consistent with the CT images.Conclusions:  The diagnosis of foreign body aspiration of the airway in children can be accomplished by using chest multidetector CT. It is often useful in delineating the exact shape, location, volume and form of a bronchial foreign body and can help the surgeon plan for operative bronchoscopy and safe removal of the foreign body.
High symbiont diversity in the bone‐eating worm Osedax mucofloris from shallow whale‐falls in the North Atlantic
Authors: Verna Caroline , Ramette Alban , Wiklund Helena , Dahlgren Thomas G. , Glover Adrian G. , Gaill Françoise , Dubilier Nicole 
Published: December 2010

Summary Osedax worms are whale‐fall specialists that infiltrate whale bones with their root tissues. These are filled with endosymbiotic bacteria hypothesized to provide their hosts with nutrition by extracting organic compounds from the whale bones. We investigated the diversity and distribution of symbiotic bacteria in Osedax mucofloris from shallow‐water whale‐falls in the North Atlantic using comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We observed a higher diversity of endosymbionts than previously described from other Osedax species. Endosymbiont sequences fell into eight phylogenetically distinct clusters (with 91.4–98.9% similarity between clusters), and considerable microdiversity within clusters (99.5–99.7% similarity) was observed. Statistical tests revealed a highly significant effect of the host individual on endosymbiont diversity and distribution, with 68% of the variability between clusters and 40% of the variability within clusters explained by this effect. FISH analyses showed that most host individuals were dominated by endosymbionts from a single cluster, with endosymbionts from less abundant clusters generally confined to peripheral root tissues. The observed diversity and distribution patterns indicate that the endosymbionts are transmitted horizontally from the environment with repeated infection events occurring as the host root tissues grow into the whale bones.
Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women from 1999 to 2008
Authors: Zhang F. , Dong L. , Zhang C.P. , Li B. , Wen J. , Gao W. , Sun S. , Lv F. , Tian H. , Tuomilehto J. , Qi L. , Zhang C. L. , Yu Z. , Yang X. , Hu G. 
Published: December 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 652–657 (2011)AbstractAims  To investigate the trend in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus during 1999–2008 in women living in urban Tianjin, China.Methods  A universal screening for gestational diabetes mellitus has become an integral part of the antenatal care in Tianjin, China from 1998. A total of 105 473 pregnant women living in the six urban districts of Tianjin, China, participated in the gestational diabetes mellitus screening programme between December 1998 and December 2008. The screening test consisted of a 50‐g 1‐h glucose test. Women who had a glucose reading ≥ 7.8 mmol/l at the initial screening were invited to undergo the standard 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test with a 75‐g glucose load. Gestational diabetes mellitus was confirmed using the World Health Organization’s diagnostic criteria.Results  The adjusted prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus increased by 2.8 times during 1999–2008, from 2.4 to 6.8% (P < 0.0001 for linear trend). In 2008, the age‐specific prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was the highest among women aged 30–34 years (11.3%) and lowest among women aged 25 and under (1.2%). In women aged 35 years and more, the prevalence was 5.3%.Conclusions  The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus has markedly been increasing in a universally screened urban Chinese female population and has become an important public health problem in China.
Foot care education in patients with diabetes at low risk of complications: a consensus statement
Authors: McInnes A. , Jeffcoate W. , Vileikyte L. , Game F. , Lucas K. , Higson N. , Stuart L. , Church A. , Scanlan J. , Anders J. 
Published: December 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 162–167 (2011)AbstractAims  To define and agree a practical educational framework for delivery by all healthcare professionals managing patients with diabetes, particularly those at low risk of developing foot complications.Methods  A consensus meeting of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Prior to the meeting, relevant clinical papers were disseminated to the panel for review. The consensus was largely based upon the experts’ clinical experience and judgement.Results  Four main health behaviours were identified for those at low risk of developing foot complications, namely:, control of blood glucose levels; attendance at annual foot screening examination; reporting of any changes in foot health immediately; and the engagement in a simple daily foot care routine.Conclusion  There is currently little evidence‐based literature to support specific foot care practices. Patients with diabetes at low risk of developing complications should be encouraged to undertake a basic foot care regimen to reduce their likelihood of developing complications.
Multiple facets of anoxic metabolism and hydrogen production in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Grossman Arthur R. , Catalanotti Claudia , Yang Wenqiang , Dubini Alexandra , Magneschi Leonardo , Subramanian Venkataramanan , Posewitz Matthew C. , Seibert Michael 
Published: December 2010

SummaryMany microbes in the soil environment experience micro‐oxic or anoxic conditions for much of the late afternoon and night, which inhibit or prevent respiratory metabolism. To sustain the production of energy and maintain vital cellular processes during the night, organisms have developed numerous pathways for fermentative metabolism. This review discusses fermentation pathways identified for the soil‐dwelling model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, its ability to produce molecular hydrogen under anoxic conditions through the activity of hydrogenases, and the molecular flexibility associated with fermentative metabolism that has only recently been revealed through the analysis of specific mutant strains.
Fabrication of an Orbital Prosthesis Using a Noncontact Three‐Dimensional Digitizer and Rapid‐Prototyping System
Authors: Yoshioka Fumi , Ozawa Shogo , Okazaki Sachiko , Tanaka Yoshinobu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractConventionally, fabricating a facial prosthesis requires complicated steps and sophisticated skills. Particularly, the facial impression can be uncomfortable for the patient and can cause compression because of the weight of the material. The new approach presented in this report could simplify the fabrication of facial prostheses using a noncontact three‐dimensional digitizer and binder multinozzle inkjet printer, without computed tomography or making a conventional impression. Treatment time was reduced, and the patient expressed satisfaction after 6 months follow‐up.
Root cause analysis of transfusion error: identifying causes to implement changes
Authors: Elhence Priti , Veena S. , Sharma Raj Kumar , Chaudhary R. K. 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND: As part of ongoing efforts to improve transfusion safety, an error reporting system was implemented in our hospital‐based transfusion medicine unit at a tertiary care medical institute. This system is based on Medical Event Reporting System–Transfusion Medicine (MERS‐TM) and collects data on all near miss, no harm, and misadventures related to the transfusion process. Root cause analyses of one such innocuous appearing error demonstrate how weaknesses in the system can be identified to make necessary changes to achieve transfusion safety.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The reported error was investigated, classified, coded, and analyzed using MERS‐TM prototype, modified and adopted for our institute.RESULTS: The consequent error was a “mistransfusion” but a “no‐harm event” as the transfused unit was of the same blood group as the patient. It was a high event severity level error (level 1). Multiple errors preceded the final error at various functional locations in the transfusion process. Human, organizational, and patient‐related factors were identified as root causes and corrective actions were initiated to prevent future occurrences.CONCLUSION: This case illustrates the usefulness of having an error reporting system in hospitals to highlight human and system failures associated with transfusion that may otherwise go unnoticed. Areas can be identified where resources need to be targeted to improve patient safety.
Banking cord blood stem cells: attitude and knowledge of pregnant women in five European countries
Authors: Katz Gregory , Mills Antonia , Garcia Joan , Hooper Karen , McGuckin Colin , Platz Alexander , Rebulla Paolo , Salvaterra Elena , Schmidt Alexander H. , Torrabadella Marta 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND: This study explores pregnant women's awareness of cord blood stem cells and their attitude regarding banking options in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed in six maternities. This anonymous and self‐completed questionnaire included 29 multiple‐choice questions based on: 1) sociodemographic factors, 2) awareness and access to information about cord blood banking, 3) banking option preferences, and 4) donating cord blood units (CBUs) to research.RESULTS: A total of 79% of pregnant women had little awareness of cord blood banking (n = 1620). A total of 58% of women had heard of the therapeutic benefits of cord blood, of which 21% received information from midwives and obstetricians. A total of 89% of respondents would opt to store CBUs. Among them, 76% would choose to donate CBUs to a public bank to benefit any patient in need of a cord blood transplant. Twelve percent would choose a mixed bank, and 12%, a private bank. A total of 92% would donate their child's CBU to research when it is not suitable for transplantation.CONCLUSION: The study reveals a strong preference for public banking in all five countries, based on converging values such as solidarity. Attitudes of pregnant women are not an obstacle to the rapid expansion of allogeneic banking in these EU countries. Banking choices do not appear to be correlated with household income. The extent of commercial marketing of cord blood banks in mass media highlights the importance for obstetric providers to play a central role in raising women's awareness early during their pregnancy with evidence‐based medical information about banking options.
What if Hurricane Katrina Hit in 2020? The Need for Strategic Management of Disasters
Authors: McGuire Michael , Schneck Debra 
Published: December 2010

What would another Hurricane Katrina bring in 2020? Is government at all levels ready for such an event? This essay argues that learning to manage actions supporting disaster response and recovery operations consistently and effectively requires strategic, not reactive, thinking. It adopts a framework based in issues focused thinking, externally focused management, and opportunity‐seeking behavior to examine the complex mix of individuals, organizations, and actions involved in response and recovery. The authors conclude that strides have been made since Katrina, but the development of greater strategic capacity is a necessary prerequisite to effective disaster management in the future. Wise and fortunate indeed is that community that has so analyzed its problems and needs, and has so prepared to make use of catastrophe should it come by plans for carrying out programs of improvements, that the aftermath of tragedy finds its victims as well cared for as humanly possible and in addition some tangible new advance in the equipment and life of the community. —John Gaus, 1947
The Suspect Handmaiden: The Evolution of Politics and Administration in the American State
Authors: Moynihan Donald P. , Ingraham Patricia W. 
Published: December 2010

Scholars of an earlier era predicted a more secure role for the administrative state in American political culture. This vision overlooked a historical irony that governs the relationship between politics and administration. For American society, the administrative state is a suspect handmaiden. Citizens have looked to public administration to enable extraordinary growth while simultaneously distrusting it. In recent decades, these contradictory trends have grown. The growth of the state, increased polarization, and political attacks on government have produced a set of values, perspectives, and capabilities that often do not mesh with one another or with many governmental activities. As a result, we find outdated mechanisms of accountability, politicization, and a broader illegitimacy that threatens the capacity of the state to act effectively.
Guest editors’ note: In 1942, the University of Chicago Press published a book edited by Leonard D. White titled The Future of Government in the United States. Each chapter in the book presents predictions concerning the future of U.S. public administration. In this article, Donald P. Moynihan and Patricia W. Ingraham examine the predictions of V. O. Key in his famous essay on politics and administration published in that book, comment on whether Key’s predictions were correct, and look to the future to examine public administration in 2020.
The Future of Strategic Planning in the Public Sector: Linking Strategic Management and Performance
Authors: Poister Theodore H. 
Published: December 2010

While it has become ubiquitous in the public sector over the past 25 years, strategic planning will need to play a more critical role in 2020 than it does at present if public managers are to anticipate and manage change adroitly and effectively address new issues that are likely to emerge with increasing rapidity. This article argues that making strategy more meaningful in the future will require transitioning from strategic planning to the broader process of strategic management, which involves managing an agency’s overall strategic agenda on an ongoing rather than an episodic basis, as well as ensuring that strategies are implemented effectively. Complementing this move to more holistic strategic management, we need to shift the emphasis of the performance movement from a principal concern with measurement to the more encompassing process of performance management over the coming decade in order to focus more proactively on achieving strategic goals and objectives. Finally, agencies will need to link their strategic management and ongoing performance management processes more closely in a reciprocating relationship in which strategizing is aimed largely at defining and strengthening overall performance while performance monitoring helps to inform strategy along the way.
Guest editors’ note: In 1942, the University of Chicago Press published a book edited by Leonard D. White titled The Future of Government in the United States. Each chapter in the book presents predictions concerning the future of U.S. public administration. In this article, Theodore H. Poister examines John Vieg’s predictions on the future of government planning published in that book, comments on whether Vieg’s predictions were correct not, and then looks to the future to examine public administration in 2020.
Transient idiopathic dystonia in infancy
Authors: Calado Rita , Monteiro José Paulo , Fonseca Maria José 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim: Review of transient idiopathic dystonia cases to improve knowledge on this entity, in relation to frequency, characterization and evolution.Methods: Retrospective review and characterization of clinical cases seen in paediatric neurology consultation, diagnosed with transient idiopathic dystonia, between February 2001 and June 2009, using clinical files complemented with photographic records and updated information through the physician.Results: Thirteen infants were referred to the paediatric neurology consultation over a period of 8 years, for asymmetric tone, posture and movements of the upper limb with onset before 6 months, with spontaneous favourable evolution and disappearance without sequelae, although the reason for referral was, in most cases, the suspicion of a hemiplegic cerebral palsy.Conclusion: Transient changes of tone, posture and movement can be observed during the first months of life. Differential diagnosis is extensive and complex, based on a careful history and neurological examination. Distinction between neurological, neuromuscular and orthopaedic pathology is difficult, particularly at the onset of clinical manifestations. The cases presented are similar to those previously reported by Willemse and Deonna, classified as transient idiopathic dystonia of childhood. Pathophysiology is unknown; some findings support a genetic susceptibility to functional imbalance in brain neurotransmitters and synaptogenesis.
Assessment of Color Parameters of Composite Resin Shade Guides Using Digital Imaging versus Colorimeter
Authors: YAMANEL KIVANC , CAGLAR ALPER , ÖZCAN MUTLU , GULSAH KAMRAN , BAGIS BORA 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTPurpose:  This study evaluated the color parameters of resin composite shade guides determined using a colorimeter and digital imaging method.Materials and Methods:  Four composite shade guides, namely: two nanohybrid (Grandio [Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany]; Premise [KerrHawe SA, Bioggio, Switzerland]) and two hybrid (Charisma [Heraeus Kulzer, GmbH & Co. KG, Hanau, Germany]; Filtek Z250 [3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany]) were evaluated. Ten shade tabs were selected (A1, A2, A3, A3,5, A4, B1, B2, B3, C2, C3) from each shade guide. CIE Lab values were obtained using digital imaging and a colorimeter (ShadeEye NCC Dental Chroma Meter, Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan). The data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test.Results:  Overall, the mean ΔE values from different composite pairs demonstrated statistically significant differences when evaluated with the colorimeter (p < 0.001) but there was no significant difference with the digital imaging method (p = 0.099). With both measurement methods in total, 80% of the shade guide pairs from different composites (97/120) showed color differences greater than 3.7 (moderately perceptible mismatch), and 49% (59/120) had obvious mismatch (ΔE > 6.8). For all shade pairs evaluated, the most significant shade mismatches were obtained between Grandio‐Filtek Z250 (p = 0.021) and Filtek Z250‐Premise (p = 0.01) regarding ΔE mean values, whereas the best shade match was between Grandio‐Charisma (p = 0.255) regardless of the measurement method.Conclusion:  The best color match (mean ΔE values) was recorded for A1, A2, and A3 shade pairs in both methods. When proper object‐camera distance, digital camera settings, and suitable illumination conditions are provided, digital imaging method could be used in the assessment of color parameters. Interchanging use of shade guides from different composite systems should be avoided during color selection.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe shade guides of nanohybrid and hybrid composites do not give consistent color match with exception of A1, A2, and A3 shade pairs.(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:379–390, 2010)
The Next Generation of Glioma Biomarkers: MGMT Methylation, BRAF Fusions and IDH1 Mutations
Authors: Von Deimling Andreas , Korshunov Andrey , Hartmann Christian 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFor some, glioma biomarkers have been expected to solve common diagnostic problems in routine neuropathology service caused by insufficient material, technical shortcomings or lack of experience. Further, biomarkers should predict patient outcome and direct optimal therapy for the individual patient. Unfortunately, current biomarkers still fall somewhat short of these grand expectations. While there has been some progress, it has generally been slow and in small steps. In this review, the newest set of glioma biomarkers: O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation, BRAF fusion and IDH1 mutation are discussed. MGMT methylation is well established as a prognostic/predictive marker for glioblastoma; however, technical questions regarding testing remain, it is not currently utilized widely in guiding patient management, and it has proven to be of no assistance in diagnostics. In contrast, BRAF fusion and IDH1 mutation analyses promise to be very helpful for classifying and grading gliomas, while their potential predictive value has yet to be established.