bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the impact of the Chi‐Chi earthquake on the occurrence of debris flows using artificial neural networks
Authors: Chang Fi‐John , Chiang Yen‐Ming , Lee Wong‐Shuo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDebris flows have caused enormous losses of property and human life in Taiwan during the last two decades. An efficient and reliable method for predicting the occurrence of debris flows is required. The major goal of this study is to explore the impact of the Chi‐Chi earthquake on the occurrence of debris flows by applying the artificial neural network (ANN) that takes both hydrological and geomorphologic influences into account. The Chen‐Yu‐Lan River watershed, which is located in central Taiwan, is chosen for evaluating the critical rainfall triggering debris flows. A total of 1151 data sets were collected for calibrating model parameters with two training strategies. Significant differences before and after the earthquake have been found: (1) The size of landslide area is proportioned to the occurrence of debris flows; (2) the amount of critical rainfall required for triggering debris flows has reduced significantly, about half of the original critical rainfall in the study case; and (3) the frequency of the occurrence of debris flows is largely increased. The overall accuracy of model prediction in testing phase has reached 96·5%; moreover, the accuracy of occurrence prediction is largely increased from 24 to 80% as the network trained with data from before the Chi‐Chi earthquake sets and with data from the lumped before and after the earthquake sets. The results demonstrated that the ANN is capable of learning the complex mechanism of debris flows and producing satisfactory predictions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamics of floods in the Bolivian Amazon Basin
Authors: Bourrel L. , Phillips L. , Moreau S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn 1997, a study was initiated by IRD, Bolivia to analyse the dynamics of floods in the Bolivian Amazon, which commonly affect an area of 100 000 to 150 000 km2 for about 4 months of the year. This region is characterized by vast isolated areas with difficult access and is continuously covered by clouds in the wet season. For these reasons, this hydrological study depends heavily on the use of remote sensing, and particularly radar data, for flood monitoring and the identification of areas at risk of inundation. This article presents preliminary results obtained in the Trinidad area, around the Mamoré River, using LANDSAT, ERS and RADARSAT radar data from dry, wet and flood seasons (collected between 1996 and 1998), and water level and, hydrometeorological data obtained from the upper and lower parts of the Mamoré basin. After characterizing the annual flood cycle within the study area, a TM colour composite (to map the vegetation) and a radar colour composite (multi‐temporal), are used to evaluate the potential contribution of microwave data (RADARSAT and ERS) for mapping the extent of flooding at both the regional (all the flood plain) and the local scale (around the city of Trinidad). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epistatic interactions govern chemically‐induced lung tumor susceptibility and Kras mutation site in murine C57BL/6J‐ChrA/J chromosome substitution strains
Authors: Dwyer‐Nield Lori D. , McQuillan Jay , Hill‐Baskin Annie , Radcliffe Richard A. , You Ming , Nadeau Joseph H. , Malkinson Alvin M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCancer susceptibility results from interactions between sensitivity and resistance alleles. We employed murine chromosome substitution strains to study how resistance alleles affected sensitive alleles during chemically‐induced lung carcinogenesis. The C57BL/6J‐Chr#A/J strains, constructed by selectively breeding sensitive A/J and resistant C57BL/6J (B6) mice, each contain one pair of A/J chromosomes within an otherwise B6 genome. Pas1, the major locus responsible for this differential strain response to urethane carcinogenesis, resides on Chr 6, but C57BL/6J‐Chr6A/J mice (hereafter CSS‐6) developed few tumors following a single urethane injection, which demonstrates epistatic interactions with other B6 alleles. CSS6 mice developed dozens of lung tumors after chronic urethane exposure, however, indicating that these epistatic interactions could be overcome by repeated carcinogen administration. Unlike A/J, but similar to B6 mice, CSS6 mice were resistant to lung carcinogenesis induced by 3‐methylcholanthrene (MCA). Tumor multiplicity increased if BHT administration followed urethane exposure, showing that a Chr 6 gene(s) regulates sensitivity to chemically‐induced tumor promotion. Unlike A/J tumors (predominantly codon 61 A→T transversions), Kras mutations in tumors induced by urethane in CSS‐6 mice were similar to B6 tumors (codon 61 A→G transitions). DNA repair genes not located on Chr 6 may determine the nature of Kras mutations. CSS‐6 mice are a valuable resource for testing the ability of candidate genes to modulate lung carcinogenesis.
DNA methylation analysis in liquid‐based cytology for cervical cancer screening
Authors: Apostolidou Sophia , Hadwin Richard , Burnell Matthew , Jones Allison , Baff Donna , Pyndiah Nitisha , Mould Tim , Jacobs Ian J. , Beddows Simon , Kocjan Gabrijela , Widschwendter Martin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Preinvasive disease can be detected by cervical cytology. All currently available cytology technologies rely on the visual analysis of exfoliated cells from the uterine cervix. Improvement of conventional cytological screening has been proposed by the introduction of molecular‐based markers applied to liquid‐based cytology (LBC), the suspension of cells collected from the cervix. DNA methylation changes occur very early in carcinogenesis and identification of appropriate DNA methylation markers in such samples should be able to distinguish high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) from nonspecific cytology changes and the normal cervix. To address this potential, we have undertaken a proof‐of‐principle study of methylation status of LBC samples from HSIL cytology cases compared against matched normal controls. Using quantitative methylation‐specific PCR on 28 genes, we found SOX1, HOXA11 and CADM1 to significantly discriminate between the groups analyzed (p < 0.01). Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) demonstrated that methylation of SOX1, HOXA11 and CADM1 could discriminate between HSIL cases and controls with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC 0.910, 0.844 and 0.760, respectively). The results were further validated in an independent set. This proof‐of‐principle study is the first to validate the results in an independent case/control set and presents HOXA11, a gene that is important for cervical development, as a potentially useful DNA marker in LBC samples. Further assessment of these preliminary estimates will need to be performed in a larger cohort to confirm clinical utility. © 2009 UICC
Frequency of and variables associated with the EGFR mutation and its subtypes
Authors: Tanaka Tomoaki , Matsuoka Masaru , Sutani Akihisa , Gemma Akihiko , Maemondo Makoto , Inoue Akira , Okinaga Shoji , Nagashima Makoto , Oizumi Satoshi , Uematsu Kazutsugu , Nagai Yoshiaki , Moriyama Gaku , Miyazawa Hitoshi , Ikebuchi Kenji , Morita Satoshi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Hagiwara Koichi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently seen in non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), especially in Asian females with adenocarcinoma. The frequency of mutation and the factors associated requires to be elucidated by analyzing a large number of consecutive clinical samples. We summarized the result of the EGFR mutation analysis for 1,176 patients performed at the time of diagnosis or relapse. The PNA‐LNA PCR clamp, a highly sensitive detection method for the EGFR mutation, was employed. For fresh cases a portion of samples isolated to establish the diagnosis of lung cancer was used. For cases with a relapsed disease archival tissue were tested. The variables associated with the EGFR mutation after removing the confound factors were investigated by the logistic analysis using the samples collected in our university (n = 308) where detailed information on patients were available. The frequency of the EGFR mutation and its subtypes were investigated using all samples (n = 1,176). The EGFR mutation was significantly associated with adenocarcinoma (p = 0.006) and light‐smoking (p < 0.0001), but not gender. The deletions in exon 19 were more frequently associated with male gender while exon 21 deletions were with female gender (p = 0.0011). The overall frequency of the EGFR mutation was 31%. Our result suggests that the female predominance in the EGFR mutation rate is a reflection of a higher frequency of adenocarcinoma in females. The gender difference in the mutation subtypes may provide a clue for the mechanism of the occurrence of the EGFR mutation.
Celecoxib reduces the effects of acute and chronic UVB exposure in mice treated with therapeutically relevant immunosuppressive drugs
Authors: Wulff Brian C. , Thomas‐Ahner Jennifer M. , Schick Jonathan S. , Oberyszyn Tatiana M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSolid organ transplant recipients have a greatly increased risk for the development of non‐melanoma skin cancers. We have previously shown in our mouse model that sirolimus given in combination with cyclosporine A resulted in fewer and smaller tumors than cyclosporine A alone. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that an anti‐inflammatory agent celecoxib applied topically after UVB exposure would further reduce UVB induced skin cancer in mice treated with cyclosporine A and sirolimus. The effect of celecoxib treatment on acute inflammation, initiation/promotion and tumor development was examined through a set of four experiments. Delayed tumor onset was observed in both tumor development experiments. Reduced tumor size and number compared to vehicle was observed when CX was administered concurrently with UVB and when CX was administered after cessation of UVB treatments, respectively. Prostaglandin E2 was confirmed to be significantly reduced in the dorsal skin of mice concurrently treated with immunosuppressants, CX and UVB for 13 weeks, suggesting a reduction in the inflammatory response could be the mechanism by which CX reduced tumorigenesis. Furthermore, topical celecoxib treatment following acute UVB exposure reduced dermal neutrophil number and activity compared to vehicle. In all of these experiments, unirradiated and vehicle treated mice were utilized as controls. In conclusion, these data suggest that even in the presence of cyclosporine A and sirolimus, topical celecoxib treatment can result in reduced inflammation, tumor number and size; properties which may be beneficial in the therapeutic reduction of skin cancer development in solid organ transplant recipients.
Endocrine resistance associated with activated ErbB system in breast cancer cells is reversed by inhibiting MAPK or PI3K/Akt signaling pathways
Authors: Ghayad Sandra E. , Vendrell Julie A. , Larbi Sabrina Ben , Dumontet Charles , Bieche Ivan , Cohen Pascale A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEndocrine therapy resistance is one of the main challenges in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. This study showed that two ER+ human breast carcinoma cell lines derived from MCF‐7 (MVLN cells) that have acquired under OH‐Tamoxifen selection two distinct phenotypes of endocrine resistance both displayed constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Aberrant expression and activation of the ErbB system (phospho‐EGFR, phospho‐ErbB2, phospho‐ErbB3, over‐expression of ErbB4 and over‐expression of several ErbB ligands) were also observed in the two resistant cell lines, suggesting the existence of an autocrine loop leading to constitutive activation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt survival pathways. The recent clinical use of specific signal transduction inhibitors is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches in breast cancers. The MEK inhibitor PD98059 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 were both able to enhance the cytostatic effect of OH‐Tamoxifen or fulvestrant on MVLN sensitive cells. In the two resistant cell lines, inhibition of the MAPK or the PI3K/Akt pathways associated with endocrine therapy was sufficient to reverse OH‐Tamoxifen or fulvestrant resistance. Investigating the effect of a combination of both inhibitors on the reversion of OH‐Tamoxifen and fulvestrant resistance in the two resistant cell lines suggested that, in clinical practice, a strategy combining the two inhibitors would be the best approach to target the different endocrine resistance phenotypes possibly present in a tumor. In conclusion, the combination of MAPK and PI3K inhibitors represents a promising strategy to overcome endocrine therapy resistance in ER+ breast cancer patients.
Selective osteopontin knockdown exerts anti‐tumoral activity in a human glioblastoma model
Authors: Lamour Virginie , Le Mercier Marie , Lefranc Florence , Hagedorn Martin , Javerzat Sophie , Bikfalvi Andreas , Kiss Robert , Castronovo Vincent , Bellahcène Akeila 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN), a member of the SIBLING (Small Integrin‐Binding LIgand N‐linked Glycoprotein) family, is overexpressed in human glioblastoma. Higher levels of OPN expression correlate with increased tumor grade and enhanced migratory capacity of tumor cells. Based on these observations, we explored the possibility that knocking down OPN expression in glioblastoma cells could exert an anti‐tumoral activity using an avian in vivo glioblastoma model that mimics closely human gliobastoma. Human U87‐MG glioma cells transfected with specific anti‐OPN small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were grafted onto the chicken chorio‐allantoic membrane (CAM). OPN‐deficient U87‐MG cells gave rise to tumors that were significantly smaller than tumors formed from untransfected cells (paired t‐test, p < 0.05). Accordingly, the amount of proliferating cells in OPN‐deficient tumors showed a six‐fold reduction when compared to control tumors. However, OPN inhibition did not affect significantly tumor‐associated angiogenesis. In vitro, OPN‐silenced U87‐MG and U373‐MG cells showed decreased motility and migration. This is the first demonstration that OPN inhibition blocks glioma tumor growth, making this invasion‐related protein an attractive target for glioma therapy.
Evaluation of photo‐crosslinked fibrinogen as a rapid and strong tissue adhesive
Authors: Elvin C. M. , Danon S. J. , Brownlee A. G. , White J. F. , Hickey M. , Liyou N. E. , Edwards G. A. , Ramshaw J. A. M. , Werkmeister J. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTissue adhesives and sealants are commonly used in surgery either as an adjunct to, or replacement for, sutures. Previously, we have shown that fibrinogen can be crosslinked rapidly to give a high‐strength bond in the presence of a rutheniumII complex, a persulfate and irradiation with visible light, and that the crosslinked fibrinogen is nontoxic to cells in vitro. This approach addresses limitations to current fibrin sealants that typically have relatively slow curing times and low bond strengths. In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy and safety of this new biological scaffold sealant in various animal models. When placed as solid implants into rats, the crosslinked fibrinogen persisted for at least 8 weeks but was fully resorbed by 18 weeks with minimal inflammatory responses. When used as a tissue adhesive for repair of skin incisions in rats or as an arterial haemostat in pig, the photo‐crosslinked fibrinogen sealed tissue or arrested bleeding within 20 s of application. For the skin incisions, the fibrinogen sealant promoted rapid tissue vascularization and cellular infiltration with no adverse foreign body cell generation. New collagen deposition occurred and with time the matrix had remodelled to acquire large mature collagen fiber bundles which were accompanied by maximum regenerated tensile strength. This biomaterial system may find useful applications in surgical procedures where rapid curing and/or high strength tissue sealing is required. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Density functional theory study of the free and tetraprotonated spheroidal macrotricyclic ligands and the complexes with halide anions: F−, Cl−, Br−
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyan , Wang Xueye , Yi Shanfeng , Wang Nuanqing , Peng Yueming 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTheoretical studies of the macrotricyclic tetramine hexaether (SC), its tetraprotonated form SC‐4H+, and the corresponding complexes X−⊂SC‐4H+ (This expression represents the structural properties of the halide inclusion complex formed though the free ligand SC‐4H+ and the halide anion X−: the spherical halide anion X− is held by a tetrahedral array of +NH···X− hydrogen bonds inside the intramolecular cavity of the tetraprotonated form SC‐4H+) of SC‐4H+ with the halide anions: F−, Cl−, and Br− have been performed using density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6‐31G method implemented in the Gaussian 03 program package. The optimized geometric structures obtained from DFT calculations are used to perform Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. The three main types of hydrogen bonds +NH···F−, +NH···Cl−, and +NH···Br− are investigated. The results indicate that hydrogen bonding interactions are dominant and the halide anions: F−, Cl−, and Br− offer lone pair electrons to the contacting σ* (NH) antibond orbital of SC‐4H+. For all the structures, the most pronounced changes in geometric parameters upon interaction are observed in the proton‐donor molecule. The intermolecular interaction energies are predicted by using B3LYP/6‐31G methods with basis set superposition error (BSSE) and zero‐point energy (ZPE) correction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
New angle‐dependent potential energy function for backbone–backbone hydrogen bond in protein–protein interactions
Authors: Choi Hwanho , Kang Hongsuk , Park Hwangseo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackbone–backbone hydrogen bonds (BBHBs) are one of the most abundant interactions at the interface of protein–protein complex. Here, we propose an angle‐dependent potential energy function for BBHB based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the operation of a genetic algorithm to find the optimal parameters in the potential energy function. The angular part of the energy funtion is assumed to be the product of the power series of sine and cosine functions with respect to the two angles associated with BBHB. Two radial functions are taken into account in this study: Morse and Leonard‐Jones 12‐10 potential functions. Of these two functions under consideration, the former is found to be more accurate than the latter in terms of predicting the binding energies obtained from DFT calculations. The new HB potential function also compares well with the knowledge‐based potential derived by applying Boltzmann statistics for a variety of protein–protein complexes in protein data bank. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Ruptured intramuscular ganglion cyst in the gastrocnemius medialis muscle: Sonographic appearance
Authors: Park Soonchan , Jin Wook , Chun Young Soo , Park So Young , Kim Hyun Cheol , Kim Gou Young , Park Ji Seon , Ryu Kyung Nam 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe report the case of a 55‐year‐old woman who presented with a severe pain and a mass in the proximal portion of the medial calf. On sonography, the lesion appeared as a poorly defined hypoechoic lesion with interspersed muscle bundles. A total excision of the lesion was performed. On microscopic examination, the specimen demonstrated cystic lesions surrounded by fibrous walls within the muscle bundles. A ruptured intramuscular ganglion cyst diagnosis was made based on the histopathologic findings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Can the smallest depth of ascitic fluid on sonograms predict the amount of drainable fluid?
Authors: Irshad Abid , Ackerman Susan J. , Anis Munazza , Campbell Amy S. , Hashmi Atif , Baker Nathaniel L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the correlation between the ‘smallest fluid depth’ (SFD) measured on sonography (US) at the ‘paracentesis pocket’ with the amount of fluid drained in patients referred for US‐guided large‐volume paracentesis.MethodsUS examinations performed to guide 60 paracenteses in 29 patients with large‐volume ascites were reviewed and the SFD measured at the site of the paracentesis. The SFD was measured from the most superficial bowel loop to the abdominal wall. The SFD measurements were compared with the drained fluid volume (DFV) measurements.ResultsThe average DFV per paracentesis was 5.2 L with an average SFD measurement of 5.4 cm. For every 1‐cm increase in the measured SFD, there was an average 1‐L increase in the DFV. After applying this relationship to the measured depth in each case, the comparison between the estimated fluid volume (EFV) on US and the DFV demonstrated a <1‐L difference in 38 of 60 paracenteses (63.3%) and a <2‐L difference in 51 of 60 paracenteses (85%).ConclusionThe SFD measured at the site of paracentesis shows a correlation with the drained fluid volume and can be used for fluid volume estimation on US. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Synthesis of a series of carbon‐14 labelled 4‐aminoquinazolines and quinazolin‐4 (3H)‐ones
Authors: Saemian Nader , Arjomandi Omid Khalili , Shirvani Gholamhossein 
Published: July 2009

Abstract4‐Aminoquinazolines and quinazolin‐4 (3H)‐ones, both labelled with carbon‐14 in the 4‐position, were prepared from 2‐aminobenzonitrile‐[cyano‐14C] and 2‐aminobenzoic acid‐[carboxy ‐14C] or 2‐amino‐ benzamide‐[carboxy ‐14C], respectively, using rapid, one‐pot procedures under microwave enhanced conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric study of oligourea macrocycles and their anion binding behavior
Authors: Becherer Tobias , Meshcheryakov Denys , Springer Andreas , Böhmer Volker , Schalley Christoph A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo series, one of tris‐urea macrocycles and another of hexakis‐urea macrocycles, are examined by (tandem) Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry with respect to their fragmentation patterns and anion binding properties. All macrocycles are based on two different building blocks, one of which is a very rigid xanthene unit and the other one is a more flexible diphenyl ether. The composition and the sequence of these units thus determine their flexibility. During the fragmentation of deprotonated oligourea macrocycles in the gas phase, one urea NCO bond is cleaved followed by a scrambling reaction within the macrocycle structure. Consequently, fragments are observed that deviate from those that would be expected from the sequence of the subunits. Interesting anion binding properties involve the simultaneous recognition of two chloride anions by one of the hexakis‐urea macrocycles, whose flexibility allows this host to form a double‐helical structure. Flexibility also determines which of the hexameric receptors bears a high sulfate affinity. The interaction energy between some of the macrocycles and sulfate is high enough to even stabilize the intrinsically unstable sulfate dianion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.