bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does inbreeding promote evolutionary reduction of flower size? Experimental evidence from Crepis tectorum (Asteraceae)
Authors: Andersson Stefan 
Published: August 2012

• Premise of the study: Small, autogamous flowers have evolved repeatedly in the plant kingdom. While much attention has focused on the mechanisms that promote the shift to autogamy, there is still a paucity of information on the factors that underlie the reduction of flower size so prevalent in selfing lineages. In this study of Crepis tectorum, I examine the role of inbreeding, acting alone or together with selection, in promoting evolutionary reduction of flower size.• Methods: Experimental crosses were performed to produce progeny populations that differed in inbreeding and (or) selection history. Progenies were grown in two different environments and scored for flower size and other characters.• Key results: Inbreeding depressed flower and fruit size, but also caused changes in flowering time and the number of heads produced. Despite some inconsistencies in the results for the last progeny generation, the decline in flower size was persistent over generations, consistent across environments, and similar in magnitude to the effects of selection for small flower size and the floral reduction inferred to have taken place during the shift toward autogamy within the study species. The floral size reduction was largely independent of changes in overall vigor, and there was considerable adaptive potential in flower size (measured by sib analyses and parent‐offspring comparisons) after inbreeding.• Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that inbreeding can promote evolutionary reduction of flower size and highlight the close, persistent association between flower and fruit size in the study species.
Urinary Estrogen Metabolites and Breast Cancer: A Combined Analysis of Individual Level Data
Authors: Dallal Cher M. , Stone Roslyn A. , Cauley Jane A. , Ness Roberta B. , Vogel Victor G. , Fentiman Ian S. , Fowke Jay H. , Krogh Vittorio , Loft Steffen , Meilahn Elaine N. , Muti Paola , Olsen Anja , Overvad Kim , Sieri Sabina , Tjønneland Anne , Ursin Giske , Wellejus Anja , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: August 2012

Background Circulating estrogens are associated with increased breast cancer risk, yet the role of estrogen metabolites in breast carcinogenesis remains unclear. This combined analysis of 5 published studies evaluates urinary 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1), and their ratio (2:16α-OHE1) in relation to breast cancer risk. Methods Primary data on 726 premenopausal women (183 invasive breast cancer cases and 543 controls) and 1,108 postmenopausal women (385 invasive breast cancer cases and 723 controls) were analyzed. Urinary estrogen metabolites were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Study-specific and combined multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated based on tertiles of estrogen metabolites. Multinomial logistic regression models were fit according to hormone receptor status. Results Higher premenopausal 2:16α-OHE1 was suggestive of reduced breast cancer risk overall (study-adjusted ORIIIvsI=0.80; 95% CI: 0.49-1.32) and for estrogen receptor negative (ER-) subtype (ORIIIvsI=0.33; 95% CI: 0.13-0.84). Among postmenopausal women, 2:16α-OHE1 was unrelated to breast cancer risk (study-adjusted ORIIIvsI=0.93; 95% CI: 0.65-1.33); however, the association between 2-OHE1 and risk varied by body mass index (p-interaction=0.003). Conclusions Premenopausal urinary 2:16α-OHE1 may play a role in breast carcinogenesis; however, larger studies are needed. Our findings do not support reduced breast cancer risk with higher postmenopausal 2:16α-OHE1 overall, although obesity may modify associations with 2-OHE1.
hMSH2 and hMLH1 Gene Expression Patterns Differ between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Correlation with Patient Survival and Response to Adjuvant Chemotherapy Treatment
Authors: Vageli Dimitra P. , Zaravinos Apostolos , Daniil Zoe , Dahabreh Jubrail , Doukas Sotirios G. , Spandidos Demetrios A. , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I. , Koukoulis George K. 
Published: August 2012

Background We recently showed that the mRNA levels of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tissue specimens and the phenotypic translation of molecular MMR data refines the biology of the MMR system with consequent diagnostic implications in the clinical assessment of lung cancer patients. Methods hMLH1 and hMSH2 mRNA expression was previously evaluated by qPCR for 29 NSCLC patients (13 with squamous cell carcinoma [SQC] and 16 with adenocarcinoma [ADC]) and MMR mRNA levels were converted into clinically distinct phenotypic entities. In this study, we evaluated the correlation of the hMSH2 and hMLH1 mRNA phenotypes with patient survival and their response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Results hMSH2 and hMLH1 mRNA phenotypic distribution differed between SQC and ADC. the MMR phenotypes differed also between advanced and early stage SQC. SQC patients with an increased hMSH2 expression had a better outcome than patients with a reduced hMSH2 expression. However, ADC patients with an increased hMSH2 expression had a poor outcome compared to those with low hMSH2 levels. SQC patients with a high hMSH2 expression exhibited a better response to adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas ADC patients with high hMSH2 levels had a poor response. ADC patients with low hMSH2 levels showed good response to adjuvant chemotherapy compared to SQC patients bearing the same phenotypic profile. Conclusions Our findings show that MMR mRNA phenotypes may be added to the known biological differences between SQC and ADC. hMLH1 and hMSH2 phenotypes distributed differently according to the NSCLC stage. Distinct MMR mRNA phenotypes in SQC and ADC corresponded to patient response to adjuvant chemotherapy.
Outcomes of AngioJet® Thrombectomy in Hemodialysis Vascular Access Grafts and Fistulas: Pearl I Registry
Authors: Simoni Eugene , Blitz Lawrence , Lookstein Robert 
Published: August 2012

Purpose Results are reported from the PEARL I Registry for procedures where a mid-length AngioJet catheter was used for thrombosed hemodialysis arteriovenous grafts and fistulae. Methods The PEARL I Registry was a prospective, multicenter, observational database collecting information on the AngioJet procedures for a variety of thrombotic conditions. Patient demographics, procedural information, outcome data, and safety information were collected through 3 months postprocedure on AngioJet procedures. This paper describes the data collected for subjects presenting with hemodialysis access thrombosis. Results A total of 72 (16%) of the 452 subjects enrolled in the PEARL 1 Registry had thrombosed hemodialysis access sites. Procedural success was reported in 66/72 subjects (92%); surgical interventions were required in 6/72 subjects (8%). There was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.0001) in vessel occlusion from baseline to final angiography. Eighty-eight percent of access sites were patent at the end of the procedure and 97% of vessels showed improved occlusion status of ≥1 grades. Among prosthetic grafts, 53% (20/38) remained patent at the 3-month follow-up, 18% (7/38) were restenosed, and 29% (11/38) rethrombosed. Among autologous fistulas, 86% (18/21) remained patent without intervention at the 3-month follow-up; 3 fistulas rethrombosed. Four subjects (5%) died; none of the deaths were considered related to the AngioJet device or procedure. Conclusions Outcomes from the PEARL I registry corroborate other studies of AngioJet thrombectomy and the overall literature of endovascular thrombectomy procedures. A high procedural success rates with acceptable near-term patency rates and low rates of adverse events are achieved with AngioJet thrombectomy.
Novel, High-Yield Red Blood Cell Production Methods from CD34-Positive Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem, Yolk Sac, Fetal Liver, Cord Blood, and Peripheral Blood
Authors: Olivier Emmanuel , Qiu Caihong , Bouhassira Eric E. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The current supply of red blood cells expressing rare blood groups is not sufficient to cover all the existing transfusion needs for chronically transfused patients, such as sickle cell disease homozygous carriers, because of alloimmunization. In vitro production of cultured red blood cells is slowly emerging as a possible complement to the existing collection-based red blood cell procurement system. The yield of cultured red blood cells can theoretically be maximized by amplifying the stem, progenitor, or precursor compartment. Here, we combined methods designed to expand these three compartments to optimize the yield of cultured red blood cells and found that exposing CD34+ cells to a short pulse of cytokines favorable for erythroid differentiation prior to stem cell expansion followed by progenitor expansion produced the highest yield of erythroid cells. This novel serum-free red blood cell production protocol was efficient on CD34+ cells derived from human embryonic stem cells, 6–8-week yolk sacs, 16–18-week fetal livers, cord blood, and peripheral blood. The yields of cells obtained with these new protocols were larger by an order of magnitude than the yields observed previously. Globin expression analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that these expansion protocols generally yielded red blood cells that expressed a globin profile similar to that expected for the developmental age of the CD34+ cells.
Avaliação dos níveis de cinza de cimentos ionômero de vidro em imagens digitais indiretas
Authors: Castro Ricardo Yuki de , Brasileiro Cláudia Borges , Giovannini José Flávio Batista Gabrich 
Published: August 2012

Objetivo: Comparar a radiopacidade de quatro marcas comerciais de cimentos ionômero de vidro por meio da mensuração dos níveis de cinza em imagens digitais indiretas. Materiais e Métodos: Foram confeccionados cinco corpos de prova nas espessuras de 1, 2, 3 e 4mm dos seguintes materiais: Magic Glass® R, Maxxion® R, Vidrion® R e Chemflex®. As amostras foram separadas por marca e espessura e radiografadas seguindo uma técnica padronizada. Foram realizadas três radiografias por espessura para cada material avaliado. As imagens obtidas foram posteriormente digitalizadas e analisadas por meio da ferramenta histograma do software Adobe Photoshop 8.0 para a determinação dos níveis de cinza. Para isso, foram realizadas três leituras em áreas diferentes de cada uma das amostras confeccionadas para cada espessura das marcas comerciais avaliadas. Os valores obtidos foram posteriormente submetidos a uma média aritmética e os resultadosexpressos como média dos níveis de cinza por espessura para cada material. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de variância ANOVA (p<0,05) e comparação múltipla de Bonferroni (p<0,05). Resultados: Para todos os cimentos avaliados as espessuras apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando comparadas entre si para o mesmo material (p<0,001). Os valores dos níveis de cinza aumentaram conforme a espessura dos corpos de prova. As médias dos valores de níveis de cinza encontradas em cada um dos cimentos avaliados, para uma mesma espessura, foram diferentes e os resultados estatisticamente significativos (p<0,001). Conclusão: Os cimentos ionômeros de vidro apresentaram variações quanto à radiopacidade, sendo que a espessura dos corpos de prova contribuiu para tal propriedade. O Chemflex® apresentou o maior valor médio de níveis de cinza, sendo o material de maior radiopacidade dentre todos os avaliados.Descritores: Cimentos de ionômeros de vidro. Radiografia dentária digital.
Perfil epidemiológico da cárie dentária em escolares de 5 e 12 anos residentes no Município de Bayeux, Paraíba
Authors: Azevedo Amanda Camurça de , Valença Ana Maria Gondim , Neto Eufrásio de Andrade Lima 
Published: August 2012

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico para cárie dentária de crianças com 5 e 12 anos de idade pertencentes a escolas da rede pública e privada de ensino do município de Bayeux, PB. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra constituiu-se por 411 indivíduos, sendo 277 de 5 anos 134 com 12 anos de idade, distribuídas em 10 setores censitários do município. Os exames clínicos foram realizados por uma cirurgiã-dentista calibrada (Kappa=0,82) de acordo com os critérios de diagnóstico recomendados pelo SB BRASIL 2010. Foram investigados os índices ceod e CPOD. Os dados coletados foram registrados e analisados no programa Excel, sendo realizada análise descritiva. Resultados: Verificou-se que o ceo-d/CPO-D para 5 e 12 anos foram, respectivamente, 2,86 (+3,07) e 4,19 (+2,66). Aos 5 anos, 32,1% das crianças não apresentaram experiência com a doença cárie. Para aquelas identificadas com experiência de cárie, 96,5% do ceo-d eram do componentecariado. Aos 12 anos, o percentual da amostra com todos os dentes hígidos foi de 9,0%. Em relação aqueles indivíduos com CPO-D maior ou igual a 1, o componente cariado apresentou maior percentual na composiçãodo índice (80,9%). Conclusões: A presença de cárie dentária aos 5 e aos 12 anos foi alta. Houve predominância, em ambos os índices, do componente cariado.Descritores: Cárie dentária. Epidemiologia. Estimativas de população.
Avaliação sobre o conhecimento dos cirurgiõesdentistas de Montes Claros-MG sobre técnicas radiográficas, medidas de radioproteção e de biossegurança
Authors: Oliveira Marlen Viviane , Silva Milena Bortolotto Felippe , Junqueira José Luiz Cintra , Oliveira Luciana Butini 
Published: August 2012

Objetivo: avaliar o grau de conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas do município de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, sobre a solicitação de exames radiográficos, medidas de radioproteção e de biossegurança.Materiais e Métodos: 203 cirurgiões-dentistas foram convidados a responder um questionário com 25 perguntas sobre os temas estudados. Dos 112 profissionais que o responderam, 41 eram clínicos gerais e 71 eram especialistas. Daquele total, 8 tinham menos de 5 anos de formado, 54, entre 5 a 15 anos e os últimos 50, mais de 15 anos. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes estatísticos Qui-Quadrado e Exato deFisher, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Quanto à indicação de técnicas radiográficas para o diagnóstico de alterações bucais, 80,0% dos profissionais indicaram a radiografia interproximal parao diagnóstico da doença cárie. Quanto à radiografia periapical; 86,7% dos dentistas afirmaram indicá-la para quadros de doença periodontal; 88,8%, para tratamento endodôntico; 72,6% para extração de inclusos e 81,5%,para fraturas dentárias. Para o planejamento de implantes, 16,9% dos entrevistados indicaram a tomografia computadorizada e 52,3% recomendaram a radiografia panorâmica. Quanto à radioproteção e à biossegurança, 84,0% dos profissionais relataram a adoção do tempo de exposição elevado, acima de 0,8 segundos; 58,9% manifestaram ter preferência na realização do processamento pelo método manual inspecional; 52,7% afirmaram utilizar o acionamento dos raios-X pelo botão de retardo; e 84,8%, descartar os resíduos do revelador e fixador no esgoto comum. Percebeu-se uma correlação entre o tempo de formado e as seguintes condutas adotadas pelos profissionais: tempo de exposição utilizado para expor um filme radiográfico (p=0,03); método utilizado para o processamento do filme radiográfico (p<0,01) e destino para as soluções reveladoras e fixadoras (p<0,01). Conclusão: pode-se afirmar que cirurgiões-dentistas de Montes Claros/MG precisam ser mais bemesclarecidos quanto à solicitação de exames radiográficos e normas vigentes sobre as medidas de radioproteção e de biossegurança a serem adotadas em consultórios odontológicos.Descritores: Radiografia dentária. Protetores contra radiação. Exposição a agentes biológicos.
A responsabilidade dos profissionais de saúde na notificação dos casos de violência contra crianças e adolescentes de acordo com seus códigos de ética
Authors: Almeida André Henrique do Vale de , Silva Mona Lisa Cordeiro Asselta da , Musse Jamilly de Oliveira , Marques Jeidson Antônio Morais 
Published: August 2012

A violência contra as crianças e adolescentes é um grave problema de saúde pública mundial, pois demanda conscientização e participação efetiva de toda a sociedade, em especial dos profissionais de saúde, por estarem frequentemente em contato com pacientes vitimizados. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a responsabilidade dos profissionais de saúde em notificar casos de violência contra crianças e adolescentes. Foi realizada pesquisa nos códigos de ética das profissões de medicina, odontologia, enfermagem,psicologia, nutrição, serviço social, fonoaudiologia, educação física, fisioterapia e farmácia, bem como na legislação brasileira. Concluiu-se que os códigos de ética das profissões, em sua maioria não contemplam a obrigatoriedade da notificação em casos de violência, e que os profissionais têm o dever de fazê-lo, podendo ser responsabilizados por omissão ou negligência de acordo com o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente.Descritores: Notificação. Violência. Códigos de ética. Pessoal de saúde.
Gas Diffusion, Energy Transport, and Thermal Accommodation in Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Aerogels
Authors: Schiffres Scott N. , Kim Kyu Hun , Hu Lin , McGaughey Alan J. H. , Islam Mohammad F. , Malen Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of gas‐permeated single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) aerogel (8 kg m−3 density, 0.0061 volume fraction) is measured experimentally and modeled using mesoscale and atomistic simulations. Despite the high thermal conductivity of isolated SWCNTs, the thermal conductivity of the evacuated aerogel is 0.025 ± 0.010 W m−1 K−1 at a temperature of 300 K. This very low value is a result of the high porosity and the low interface thermal conductance at the tube–tube junctions (estimated as 12 pW K−1). Thermal conductivity measurements and analysis of the gas‐permeated aerogel (H2, He, Ne, N2, and Ar) show that gas molecules transport energy over length scales hundreds of times larger than the diameters of the pores in the aerogel. It is hypothesized that inefficient energy exchange between gas molecules and SWCNTs gives the permeating molecules a memory of their prior collisions. Low gas‐SWCNT accommodation coefficients predicted by molecular dynamics simulations support this hypothesis. Amplified energy transport length scales resulting from low gas accommodation are a general feature of CNT‐based nanoporous materials.
Transition Metal Oxides for Organic Electronics: Energetics, Device Physics and Applications
Authors: Meyer Jens , Hamwi Sami , Kröger Michael , Kowalsky Wolfgang , Riedl Thomas , Kahn Antoine 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDuring the last few years, transition metal oxides (TMO) such as molybdenum tri‐oxide (MoO3), vanadium pent‐oxide (V2O5) or tungsten tri‐oxide (WO3) have been extensively studied because of their exceptional electronic properties for charge injection and extraction in organic electronic devices. These unique properties have led to the performance enhancement of several types of devices and to a variety of novel applications. TMOs have been used to realize efficient and long‐term stable p‐type doping of wide band gap organic materials, charge‐generation junctions for stacked organic light emitting diodes (OLED), sputtering buffer layers for semi‐transparent devices, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with improved charge extraction, enhanced power conversion efficiency and substantially improved long term stability. Energetics in general play a key role in advancing device structure and performance in organic electronics; however, the literature provides a very inconsistent picture of the electronic structure of TMOs and the resulting interpretation of their role as functional constituents in organic electronics. With this review we intend to clarify some of the existing misconceptions. An overview of TMO‐based device architectures ranging from transparent OLEDs to tandem OPV cells is also given. Various TMO film deposition methods are reviewed, addressing vacuum evaporation and recent approaches for solution‐based processing. The specific properties of the resulting materials and their role as functional layers in organic devices are discussed.
Simultaneous Open‐Circuit Voltage Enhancement and Short‐Circuit Current Loss in Polymer: Fullerene Solar Cells Correlated by Reduced Quantum Efficiency for Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Di Nuzzo Daniele , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Bouwer Ricardo K. M. , Gevaerts Veronique S. , Meskers Stefan C. J. , Hummelen Jan C. , Blom Paul W. M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe limits of maximizing the open‐circuit voltage Voc in solar cells based on poly[2,7‐(9,9‐didecylfluorene)‐alt‐5,5‐(4,7‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (PF10TBT) as a donor using different fullerene derivatives as acceptor are investigated. Bulk heterojunction solar cells with PF10TBT and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) give a Voc over 1 V and a power conversion efficiency of 4.2%. Devices in which PF10TBT is blended with fullerene bisadduct derivatives give an even higher Voc, but also a strong decrease in short circuit current (Jsc). The higher Voc is attributed to the higher LUMO of the acceptors in comparison to PCBM. By investigating the photophysics of PF10TBT:fullerene blends using near‐IR photo‐ and electroluminescence, time‐resolved photoluminescence, and photoinduced absorption we find that the charge transfer (CT) state is not formed efficiently when using fullerene bisadducts. Hence, engineering acceptor materials with a LUMO level that is as high as possible can increase Voc, but will only provide a higher power conversion efficiency, when the quantum efficiency for charge transfer is preserved. To quantify this, we determine the CT energy (ECT) and optical band gap (Eg), defined as the lowest first singlet state energy ES1 of either the donor or acceptor, for each of the blends and find a clear correlation between the free energy for photoinduced electron transfer and Jsc. We find that Eg − qVoc > 0.6 eV is a simple, but general criterion for efficient charge generation in donor‐acceptor blends.
Synergistic anticancer effects of arsenic trioxide with bortezomib in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Jung Hyun Joo , Chen Zheng , McCarty Nami 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of B‐cell Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) and accounts for ∼6% of all lymphomas. MCL is highly refractory to most chemotherapy including newer antibody‐based therapeutic approaches, and high‐grade MCL has one of the worst survival rates among NHLs. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance of MCL is important. In this article, we tested the effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3, ATO) in bortezomib‐resistant MCL. ATO is reported to induce complete remission in the patients with relapsed or refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia. Their effects in MCL, however, have not been explored. In this report, we show that ATO effectively inhibited the growth of MCL cells in vitro. ATO treatment also reduced cyclin D1 expression which is a genetic hallmark of MCL and NF‐kB expression which was reported to have a prosurvival role in some MCL cells. The induction of apoptosis in MCL was partially due to reduced levels of cyclin D1 and increased levels of apoptosis‐related molecules. The antiproliferative effects of bortezomib on MCL greatly increased when the cells were also treated with ATO, indicating ATO can sensitize MCL to bortezomib. Similar results were noted in bortezomib‐resistant cell lines. In conclusion, ATO may be an alternative drug for use in combined adjuvant therapies for MCL, and further clinical testing should be performed. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.