bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of crystallization condition on the microstructure and thermal stability of istactic polypropylene nucleated by β‐form nucleating agent
Authors: Dong Mu , Guo Zhaoxia , Su Zhiqiang , Yu Jian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article deals with the crystallization behaviors of original (prepared in a torque rheometer), DSC crystallization and mold crystallization (quenching and slow nonisothermal crystallization) of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) mixed with β‐form nucleating agent. The microstructure and thermal stability of these samples were investigated. The wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) results indicate that fast cooling is favorable for β‐form iPP formation. With slower cooling rate and higher concentration of nucleating agent, the lamellar thickness and stability of crystal0s were enhanced. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) both showed that rapid crystallized samples gave rise to tiny spherulites, whereas under slow crystallization condition, nucleated samples could be fully developed in the form of dendritic or transcrystalline structures, depending on the nucleating agent concentration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Methylamino‐group‐modified hypercrosslinked polystyrene resin for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution
Authors: He Chunlian , Huang Jianhan , Liu Jianbo , Deng Linbei , Huang Kelong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemical modification was performed for macroporous crosslinked chloromethylated polystyrene. The obtained HJ‐K01 resin was used to remove phenol from aqueous solution, and its adsorption behaviors for phenol were compared with commercial Amberlite XAD‐4. The results indicate that methylamino groups were successfully uploaded onto the surface of the HJ‐K01 resin and the adsorption capacity of phenol onto the HJ‐K01 resin was much larger than that onto XAD‐4. Furthermore, the original phenol solution was suitable for the adsorption, the adsorption isotherms could be fitted by the Freundlich model, and its kinetic curves could be characterized by a pseudo‐second‐order rate equation. The fixed‐bed column adsorption demonstrated that the HJ‐K01 resin was an excellent resin for the removal of phenol. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of new anthracene‐based semiconducting polyethers
Authors: Hriz K. , Jaballah N. , Chemli M. , Fave J. L. , Majdoub M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNew anthracene‐based polyethers, anthracene/bisphenol A (An–BPA) and anthracene/fluorinated bisphenol A (An–BPAF), were synthesized and characterized. An–BPA and An–BPAF were fully soluble in common organic solvents and had number‐average molecular weights of 2580 and 3240, respectively. The optical properties of the polymers were investigated with ultraviolet–visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Blue photoluminescence was observed in dilute solutions. In solid thin films, π–π interactions influenced the optical properties, and redshifted photoluminescence spectra were obtained; a green emission (504 nm) for An–BPAF and a green‐yellow emission (563 nm) for An–BPA were found. By cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical band gap was estimated to be 2.72 and 3.05 eV for An–BPA and An–BPAF, respectively. Single‐layer diode devices of an indium tin oxide/polyether/aluminum configuration were fabricated and showed relatively low turn‐on voltages (3.5 V for An–BPA and 3.7 V for An–BPAF). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Mechanical properties and multiscale characterization of nanofiber–alumina/epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Brown G. M. , Ellyin F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn contrast to the bulk of published nanocomposite studies, in this study we investigated the mechanical properties of alumina/epoxy nanocomposites manufactured with nanofillers having a fiber or whisker morphology. The article describes how ultrasonic dispersion and in situ polymerization were used to incorporate these 2–4 nm diameter fibers (with aspect ratios of 25–50) into a two‐part epoxy resin (Epon 826/Epicure 9551). The use of untreated and surface‐modified nanoparticles is contrasted, and improvements in both the tensile strength and modulus were observed at low filler loadings. Microstructural characterization of the nanocomposites via multiscale digital image analysis was used to interpret the mechanical properties and was found to be useful for direct comparison with other nanocomposites. In addition, superior performance was demonstrated through comparisons with numerous nanocomposites with nanoparticle reinforcements ranging from carbon nanofibers to spherical alumina particles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of pH Value on the aqueous precipitation copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
Authors: Yao Zhen , Chen Huan‐Jin , Qin Yi‐Xiu , Cao Kun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aqueous precipitation copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and vinyl acetate (VAc) with NaClO3/NaHSO3 redox initiation system is carried out continuously in a 10L pilot‐plant reactor. The effects of pH value on ionization equilibrium of NaHSO3, polymerization rate, particle morphology, particle size and its distribution, molecular weight and its distribution have been investigated. It has been found that effective concentration of reductant H2SO3 increases with the decrease in pH value. On the other hand, deceasing pH value intensifies the coalescence among particles and then reduces diffusion rate of monomer and radicals into particles. Experimental data shows that the increase of pH value results in higher conversion. It indicates that pH value's effect on particle stability prevails its influence on effective concentration of the reductant. This conclusion is verified by the molecular weight, particle size, and particle morphology. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Development and physicochemical characterization of modified polymeric surfaces for bacterial adhesion
Authors: Anjum N. , Riquet A.‐M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRadiation‐induced graft polymerization was used to modify the surfaces of polypropylene (PP) sheets for bacterial adhesion. For the experiments, two monomers were mixed: the quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride and acrylic acid (AAc). The PP sheets were activated by electron‐beam radiation before the grafting reaction. Different AAc/QAS comonomer mixture ratios (50 : 10, 40 : 20, 30 : 30, 20 : 40, and 10 : 50) were used to determine the degree of grafting and to make the PP surfaces hydrophilic. The graft level increased with an increase in the percentage of AAc in the comonomer mixtures. Synergism was investigated during graft polymerization to quantify the poly(acrylic acid) and poly{[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride} graft fractions in the resulting graft copolymers. An approximation of the graft fractions was made with an analytical technique based on acid–base volumetric titration. The wettability of the modified surfaces was determined by the measurement of the water contact angles. The surfaces prepared with higher percentages of QAS in the comonomer mixtures had lower contact angles than those prepared with lower percentages of QAS. The presence of oxygen and nitrogen on the modified PP surfaces was investigated with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Structural changes in unmodified and modified PP were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The susceptibility loci juvenile idiopathic arthritis shares with other autoimmune diseases extend to PTPN2, COG6, and ANGPT1
Authors: Thompson Susan D. , Sudman Marc , Ramos Paula S. , Marion Miranda C. , Ryan Mary , Tsoras Monica , Weiler Tracey , Wagner Michael , Keddache Mehdi , Haas J. Peter , Mueller Cornelia , Prahalad Sampath , Bohnsack John , Wise Carol A. , Punaro Marilynn , Zhang Dongping , Rosé Carlos D. , Comeau Mary E. , Divers Jasmin , Glass David N. , Langefeld Carl D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo test for associations between non–major histocompatibility complex susceptibility loci previously reported in autoimmune diseases and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsPublished autoimmune disease genome‐wide association studies were reviewed, and 519 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for association testing. The initial cohort included 809 JIA cases and 3,535 controls of non‐Hispanic, European ancestry. Of the SNPs, 257 were successfully genotyped, while 168 were imputed with quality. Based on findings in the initial cohort, replication was sought for 21 SNPs in a second cohort of 1,015 JIA cases and 1,569 controls collected in the US and Germany. For the initial cohort, tests for association were adjusted for potential confounding effects of population structure by including principal components derived from a genome‐wide association study as covariates in logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsTesting for association of previously reported autoimmune disease genetic associations in the initial cohort suggested associations with JIA in 13 distinct loci. Of these, 7 were validated in the replication cohort. Meta‐analysis results for the replicating loci included PTPN22 (rs6679677 [OR 1.58, P = 1.98 × 10−12], rs2476601 [OR 1.64, P = 1.90 × 10−13], and rs2488457 [OR 1.32, P = 6.74 × 10−8]), PTPN2 (rs1893217 [OR = 1.33, P = 1.60 × 10−9] and rs7234029 [OR 1.35, P = 1.86 × 10−10]), ADAD1‐IL2‐IL21 (rs17388568 [OR 1.24, P = 1.13 × 10−6] and rs13143866 [OR 0.83, P = 1.95 × 10−4]), STAT4 (rs3821236 [OR = 1.27, P = 2.36 × 10−6] and rs7574865 [OR = 1.31, P = 2.21 × 10−6]), C12orf30 (rs17696736 [OR = 1.19, P = 2.59 × 10−5]), COG6 (rs7993214 [OR = 0.76, P = 1.10 × 10−5]), and ANGPT1 (rs1010824 [OR = 0.79, P = 2.91 × 10−4]). These polymorphisms have been reported in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, and multiple sclerosis.ConclusionGeneral susceptibility loci for autoimmunity are shared across diseases, including JIA, suggesting the potential for common therapeutic targets and mechanisms.
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib drastically affects inflammation and bone disease in adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Yannaki Evangelia , Papadopoulou Anastasia , Athanasiou Evangelia , Kaloyannidis Panayotis , Paraskeva Argyro , Bougiouklis Dimitris , Palladas Panayotis , Yiangou Minas , Anagnostopoulos Achilles 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effect of bortezomib in splenocytes and fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) and its in vivo potency in a rat model of adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA), which resembles human rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsAIA was induced with Freund's complete adjuvant. Splenocyte and FLS proliferation and apoptosis were measured by radioactivity incorporation and flow cytometry, respectively. The invasiveness of FLS from rats with AIA was tested in a Transwell system. The pattern of cytokine secretion was evaluated by cytometric bead array in splenocyte supernatants. Bortezomib was administered prophylactically or therapeutically, and arthritis was assessed clinically and histologically. Immunohistochemistry was performed for markers of inflammation and angiogenesis in joints. Hematologic and biochemical parameters were tested in peripheral blood (PB). Representative animals were examined by computed tomography (CT) scanning before and after bortezomib administration. The expression of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR‐2), TLR‐3, and TLR‐4 in PB and FLS was measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and alterations in specific cell populations in PB and spleen were determined by flow cytometry.ResultsIn vitro, bortezomib exhibited significant inhibitory and proapoptotic activity in splenocytes and FLS from rats with AIA, altered the inflammatory cytokine pattern, and reduced the invasiveness of FLS from rats with AIA. In vivo, bortezomib significantly ameliorated disease severity. Remission was associated with improved histology and decreased expression of CD3, CD79a, CD11b, cyclooxygenase 1, and factor VIII in target tissues as well as down‐regulation of TLR expression in PB and cultured FLS. CT scanning demonstrated a bone healing effect after treatment.ConclusionOur findings suggest that bortezomib affects AIA in a pleiotropic manner and that this drug may be effective in RA.
Exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension associated with systemic sclerosis: Four distinct entities
Authors: Saggar Rajeev , Khanna Dinesh , Furst Daniel E. , Shapiro Shelley , Maranian Paul , Belperio John A. , Chauhan Neeraj , Clements Philip , Gorn Alan , Weigt S. Sam , Ross David , Lynch Joseph P. , Saggar Rajan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveExercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) may represent an early but clinically relevant phase in the spectrum of pulmonary vascular disease. There are limited data on the prevalence of exercise‐induced PH determined by right heart catheterization in scleroderma spectrum disorders. We undertook this study to describe the hemodynamic response to exercise in a homogeneous population of patients with scleroderma spectrum disorders at risk of developing pulmonary vascular disease.MethodsPatients with normal resting hemodynamics underwent supine lower extremity exercise testing. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to assess combinations of variables collected during resting right heart catheterization that best predicted abnormal exercise physiology, applicable to each individual subject.ResultsFifty‐seven patients who had normal resting hemodynamics underwent subsequent exercise right heart catheterization. Four distinct hemodynamic groups were identified during exercise: a normal group, an exercise‐induced pulmonary venous hypertension (ePVH) group, an exercise out of proportion PH (eoPH) group, and an exercise‐induced PH (ePH) group. The eoPH and ePVH groups had higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) than the ePH group (P < 0.05). The normal and ePH groups had exercise PCWP ≤18 mm Hg, which was lower than that in the ePVH and eoPH groups (P < 0.05). During submaximal exercise, the transpulmonary gradient and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were elevated in the ePH and eoPH groups as compared with the normal and ePVH groups (P < 0.05). CART analysis suggested that resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥14 mm Hg and PVR ≥160 dynes/seconds/cm−5 were associated with eoPH and ePH (positive predictive value 89% for mPAP 14–20 mm Hg and 100% for mPAP >20 mm Hg).ConclusionWe characterized the exercise hemodynamic response in at‐risk patients with scleroderma spectrum disorders who did not have resting PH. Four distinct hemodynamic groups were identified during exercise. These groups may have potentially different prognoses and treatment options.
Intraarticular injection of heparin‐binding insulin‐like growth factor 1 sustains delivery of insulin‐like growth factor 1 to cartilage through binding to chondroitin sulfate
Authors: Miller Rachel E. , Grodzinsky Alan J. , Cummings Kiersten , Plaas Anna H. K. , Cole Ada A. , Lee Richard T. , Patwari Parth 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveInsulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) stimulates cartilage repair but is not a practical therapy due to its short half‐life. We have previously modified IGF‐1 by adding a heparin‐binding domain and have shown that this fusion protein (HB‐IGF‐1) stimulates sustained proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage. This study was undertaken to examine the mechanism by which HB‐IGF‐1 is retained in cartilage and to test whether HB‐IGF‐1 provides sustained growth factor delivery to cartilage in vivo and to human cartilage explants.MethodsRetention of HB‐IGF‐1 and IGF‐1 was analyzed by Western blotting. The necessity of heparan sulfate (HS) or chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) for binding was tested using enzymatic removal and cells with genetic deficiency of HS. Binding affinities of HB‐IGF‐1 and IGF‐1 proteins for isolated GAGs were examined by surface plasmon resonance and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsIn cartilage explants, chondroitinase treatment decreased binding of HB‐IGF‐1, whereas heparitinase had no effect. Furthermore, HS was not necessary for HB‐IGF‐1 retention on cell monolayers. Binding assays showed that HB‐IGF‐1 bound both CS and HS, whereas IGF‐1 did not bind either. After intraarticular injection in rat knees, HB‐IGF‐1 was retained in articular and meniscal cartilage, but not in tendon, consistent with enhanced delivery to CS‐rich cartilage. Finally, HB‐IGF‐1 was retained in human cartilage explants but IGF‐1 was not.ConclusionOur findings indicate that after intraarticular injection in rats, HB‐IGF‐1 is specifically retained in cartilage through its high abundance of CS. Modification of growth factors with heparin‐binding domains may be a new strategy for sustained and specific local delivery to cartilage.
A new “era” for cyclotide sequencing
Authors: Colgrave Michelle L. , Poth Aaron G. , Kaas Quentin , Craik David J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn recent years, the discovery of a large family of macrocyclic peptides, the cyclotides, has revealed Nature's ingenuity in molecular drug design. The incorporation of a cyclic peptide backbone and a knotted arrangement of disulfide bridges into their structures confers extraordinary chemical, thermal, and enzymatic stability on these biologically active peptides. However, these structural attributes present challenges in the identification of cyclotides. Until now, the sequencing of cyclotides has been slow and inefficient owing to inherent difficulties in the separation of these hydrophobic peptides from plants, the multiple chemical and enzymatic derivatization steps required to make them amenable to mass spectrometric sequencing, and the lack of software tools to efficiently deal with these circular permutants. The current bottleneck slowing the speed of cyclotide sequencing is the requirement for multiple HPLC purification steps before analysis. Here, we have applied proteomic strategies to fast‐track the discovery of known, modified and novel sequences. Using four fractions from a previously well‐characterized cyclotide‐containing plant species, Viola odorata, 11 new sequences, as well as a plethora of known and modified cyclotides, were uncovered. In addition, the methodology was validated through analysis of crude leaf extracts of Oldenlandia affinis and Arabidopsis thaliana. The unambiguous identification of a suite of cyclotides in the Oldenlandia affinis extract provided the ultimate proof‐of‐concept for this application. Major advances in methodology include the use of optimized LC‐MS/MS conditions and design of a custom‐built cyclotide database, in which mature cyclotide sequences are excised, replicated and appended, marking a new “era” for cyclotide sequencing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 592–601, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Cyclotides are a component of the innate defense of Oldenlandia affinis
Authors: Mylne Joshua S. , Wang Conan K. , van der Weerden Nicole L. , Craik David J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCyclotides are small cysteine‐rich plant peptides similar in size and processing to the defensins. Long‐term growth of the Rubiaceae family plant Oldenlandia affinis under different conditions reveals a diverse cyclotide gene and peptide expression profile, including tissue specificity, suggesting that different cyclotides are regulated differently both spatially and in response to the environment. To determine whether cyclotide precursor gene regulation was dynamic we exposed O. affinis to a range of abiotic, biotic, and hormonal stimuli and monitored Oak1‐4 expression over a 48‐h period. Unlike some defensins, the genes for cyclotide precursor proteins Oak1‐4 did not display dynamic change, indicating that they contribute to the basal defense of O. affinis. Despite this lack of dynamism, the cyclotide profile of plants grown on plates differed markedly from field‐grown plants and so prompted attempts to discover novel cyclotides and precursor genes. The two most abundant cyclotides from plate‐grown O. affinis were sequenced and one was found to be an unusual linear cyclotide derivative, kalata B20‐lin. Degenerate PCR of plate‐grown O. affinis obtained five novel cyclotide genes including Oak9 which encodes for kalata B20‐lin and appears to have arisen by the presence of a premature stop codon. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 635–646, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of α‐Difluoromethyl Amines from N‐tert‐Butylsulfinyl Ketimines and Difluoromethyl Phenyl Sulfone
Authors: Liu Jun , Hu Jinbo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe first highly efficient and stereoselective difluoromethylation of structurally diverse N‐tert‐butylsulfinyl ketimines has been achieved with an in situ generated PhSO2CF2− anion, which provides a powerful synthetic method for the preparation of a variety of structurally diverse homochiral α‐difluoromethyl tertiary carbinamines, including α‐difluoromethyl allylic amines and α‐difluoromethyl propargylamines. The stereocontrol mode of the present diastereoselective difluoromethylation of ketimines was found to be different from that of other known fluoroalkylations of N‐tert‐butylsulfinyl aldimines, which suggests that a cyclic six‐membered transition state may be involved in the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: The Visible and Pure Rotational Spectrum of Platinum Monosulfide, PtS
Authors: LI B.‐Z. , JUNG K. Y. , STEIMLE T. C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Chemistry of LiBa2Cu3O6.
Authors: TAMS G. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK. , LANG CH. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox from Aqueous Solutions Containing Pyridine.
Authors: BOEVA M. K. , KHODOS M. YA. , FOTIEV A. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Monoxide Oxidation over Catalysts Prepared by in situ Activation of Amorphous Gold‐Silver‐Zirconium and Gold‐Iron‐Zirconium Alloys.
Authors: BAIKER A. , MACIEJEWSKI M. , TAGLIAFERRI S. , HUG P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.