bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Resources and Volunteering: A Longitudinal Study of Active Engagement Among Older Europeans
Authors: Hämäläinen Hans , Tanskanen Antti O , Arpino Bruno , Abuladze Liili , Solé-Auró Aïda , Danielsbacka Mirkka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Volunteering is an important dimension of successful aging. Although prior studies have found that personal resources such as health and financial situations are associated with volunteering, there is a lack of research exploring the relationship between resource changes and volunteering. Here, we investigated whether changes in individuals’ resources were associated with volunteer engagement among older Europeans.

Research Design and Methods
Using data from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe, collected in five waves between 2011 and 2020 across 19 countries (57,410 observations from 17,498 individuals aged 50 and above), we employed asymmetric fixed-effect ordinal regression models to investigate whether positive or negative resource changes were associated with the frequency of volunteering over time. We used three resource indicators: health, financial condition, and time availability (measured by engagement in paid work, grandparenting, and family care).

Results
Health deterioration and worsening financial condition were associated with a decreased frequency of volunteering. A transition out of weekly paid work and beginning to provide weekly grandchild care were both associated with an increased frequency of volunteering. We did not detect any further significant effects of resource changes on volunteering.

Discussion and Implications
Our study revealed asymmetrical associations between changes in resources and volunteering, providing new insights into their interplay. The results deepen our understanding of successful aging by emphasizing the need to consider the dynamics of all resources that either facilitate or hinder active engagements among older adults.
Experimental study on the thermal response of rocks to stress change and its significance
Authors: Liu Wenfang , Liu Shanjun , Wei Lianhuan , Han Xin , Zhu Ankui 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
Bedrock temperature contains effective information about changes in the crustal stress. A new method of detecting crustal stress change by bedrock temperature (DSCT) has been proposed. Understanding the stress-induced temperature response characteristics of loaded rocks is fundamental for applying DSCT. In this study, temperature observation experiments of different rocks and water-saturated sandstones subjected to tiered cyclic loading were conducted to investigate the temperature–stress relationship throughout the whole rock deformation and failure process. Through experiments, some valuable results are obtained: (i) temperature changes synchronously with stress and has a very strong linear correlation with it; (ii) the magnitude of temperature response to stress (TRS) is approximately 1 mK MPa−1, ranging from strong to weak are sandstone, marble, diorite and basalt, respectively. The differences in TRS of various rocks are determined by their major rock-forming minerals, textures and structures; (iii) the evolution of TRS experiences three stages: the TRS rises rapidly in the compression stage, slowly in the acoustic emission quiet period and a significant increase in TRS before rock failure is observed on marble, sandstone and basalt, consistent with the abnormal bedrock temperature rise preceding earthquakes; (iv) the TRS of water-saturated sandstones is higher compared to the dry ones, and the abnormal sharp increase in TRS before rock failure is also more significant in the former. These findings mentioned above promote the understanding of thermal anomalies preceding earthquakes.
Aesthetic Normies and Aesthetic Communities
Authors: Lau Ting Cho 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although there has been significant work on aesthetic snobbery and its ethical implications, much less work has been done on the aesthetic normie (normie for short). The normie is someone who primarily engages with popular aesthetic items. I argue that the normie is motivated by a drive towards sociality to connect with others and to rely on them given limited resources and time. I argue that the normie who is motivated by this drive will limit their aesthetic range and depth. This makes it harder for them to access new aesthetic experiences, distorts their ability to accurately appraise others, and makes it harder for them to connect with others. Nonetheless, I argue that we can achieve the goods of sociality by being aesthetically open. Expanding our willingness to engage with new aesthetic items and to develop and share more informed aesthetic judgments allows us to access more aesthetic values, appraise each other more accurately, and form valuable aesthetic communities.
Comparing penalization methods for linear models on large observational health data
Authors: Fridgeirsson Egill A , Williams Ross , Rijnbeek Peter , Suchard Marc A , Reps Jenna M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluates regularization variants in logistic regression (L1, L2, ElasticNet, Adaptive L1, Adaptive ElasticNet, Broken adaptive ridge [BAR], and Iterative hard thresholding [IHT]) for discrimination and calibration performance, focusing on both internal and external validation.

Materials and Methods
We use data from 5 US claims and electronic health record databases and develop models for various outcomes in a major depressive disorder patient population. We externally validate all models in the other databases. We use a train-test split of 75%/25% and evaluate performance with discrimination and calibration. Statistical analysis for difference in performance uses Friedman’s test and critical difference diagrams.

Results
Of the 840 models we develop, L1 and ElasticNet emerge as superior in both internal and external discrimination, with a notable AUC difference. BAR and IHT show the best internal calibration, without a clear external calibration leader. ElasticNet typically has larger model sizes than L1. Methods like IHT and BAR, while slightly less discriminative, significantly reduce model complexity.

Conclusion
L1 and ElasticNet offer the best discriminative performance in logistic regression for healthcare predictions, maintaining robustness across validations. For simpler, more interpretable models, L0-based methods (IHT and BAR) are advantageous, providing greater parsimony and calibration with fewer features. This study aids in selecting suitable regularization techniques for healthcare prediction models, balancing performance, complexity, and interpretability.
Hidden promiscuity elucidates the enigmatic relationship between duckweed accessions
Authors: Schubert Ingo 
Published: May 2024

This article comments on:
Braglia L, Ceschin S, Iannelli MA, Bog M, Fabriani M, Frugis G, Gavazzi F, Gianì S, Mariani F, Muzzi M, Pelella E, Morello L. 2024. Characterization of the cryptic interspecific hybrid Lemna×mediterranea by an integrated approach provides new insights into duckweed diversity. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 3092–3110.
How to switch on a master switch
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Halford Nigel G 
Published: May 2024

This article comments on:
Hu Y, Lin Y, Bai J, Xu X, Wang Z, Ding C, Ding Y, Chen L. 2024. AMPK activator 991 specifically activates SnRK1 and thereby affects seed germination in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 2917–2932.
Facilitating Atom Probe Tomography of 2D MXene Films by In Situ Sputtering
Authors: Krämer Mathias , Favelukis Bar , Sokol Maxim , Rosen Brian A , Eliaz Noam , Kim Se-Ho , Gault Baptiste 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
2D materials are emerging as promising nanomaterials for applications in energy storage and catalysis. In the wet chemical synthesis of MXenes, these 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides are terminated with a variety of functional groups, and cations such as Li+ are often used to intercalate into the structure to obtain exfoliated nanosheets. Given the various elements involved in their synthesis, it is crucial to determine the detailed chemical composition of the final product, in order to better assess and understand the relationships between composition and properties of these materials. To facilitate atom probe tomography analysis of these materials, a revised specimen preparation method is presented in this study. A colloidal Ti3C2Tz MXene solution was processed into an additive-free free-standing film and specimens were prepared using a dual beam scanning electron microscope/focused ion beam. To mechanically stabilize the fragile specimens, they were coated using an in situ sputtering technique. As various 2D material inks can be processed into such free-standing films, the presented approach is pivotal for enabling atom probe analysis of other 2D materials.
Exploring the directly imaged HD 1160 system through spectroscopic characterization and high-cadence variability monitoring
Authors: Sutlieff Ben J , Birkby Jayne L , Stone Jordan M , Derkink Annelotte , Backs Frank , Doelman David S , Kenworthy Matthew A , Bohn Alexander J , Ertel Steve , Snik Frans , Woodward Charles E , Ilyin Ilya , Skemer Andrew J , Leisenring Jarron M , Strassmeier Klaus G , Wang Ji , Charbonneau David , Biller Beth A 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The time variability and spectra of directly imaged companions provide insight into their physical properties and atmospheric dynamics. We present follow-up R ∼ 40 spectrophotometric monitoring of red companion HD 1160 B at 2.8–4.2 μm using the double-grating 360° vector Apodizing Phase Plate (dgvAPP360) coronagraph and ALES integral field spectrograph on the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer. We use the recently developed technique of gvAPP-enabled differential spectrophotometry to produce differential light curves for HD 1160 B. We reproduce the previously reported ∼3.2 h periodic variability in archival data, but detect no periodic variability in new observations taken the following night with a similar 3.5 per cent level precision, suggesting rapid evolution in the variability of HD 1160 B. We also extract complementary spectra of HD 1160 B for each night. The two are mostly consistent, but the companion appears fainter on the second night between 3.0–3.2 μm. Fitting models to these spectra produces different values for physical properties depending on the night considered. We find an effective temperature Teff = $2794^{+115}_{-133}$ K on the first night, consistent with the literature, but a cooler Teff = $2279^{+79}_{-157}$ K on the next. We estimate the mass of HD 1160 B to be 16–81 MJup, depending on its age. We also present R = 50 000 high-resolution optical spectroscopy of host star HD 1160 A obtained simultaneously with the PEPSI spectrograph. We reclassify its spectral type to A1 IV-V and measure its projected rotational velocity $\upsilon \sin i$ = $96^{+6}_{-4}$ km s−1. We thus highlight that gvAPP-enabled differential spectrophotometry can achieve repeatable few per cent level precision and does not yet reach a systematic noise floor, suggesting greater precision is achievable with additional data or advanced detrending techniques.
Philosophy
Authors: Desmond Will D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hegel’s Lectures on the History of Philosophy effectively created the history of philosophy as a discipline, and certainly shaped its course through and beyond the nineteenth century. Moreover, they give extravagant attention to the Greek philosophers, from Thales to Proclus, and figures like Plato and Aristotle are singled out as profound ‘teachers of the human race’. In articulating his novel vision of a thousand years of Greek philosophical history as a single, organic whole, Hegel combined immense erudition and philosophical capability. His overall argument is that every philosophy (Greek and otherwise) has been a form of idealism—a partial anticipation of Hegel’s own Absolute Idealism. This surprising claim may not be fully vindicated in the case of each single philosopher, but his readings are always informed and stimulating—and worth some attention. This chapter summarizes how Hegel interprets each ancient thinker and/or school with an eye to the sources that he was reading, to his omissions, as well as to some of the insights that earned praise from later specialists and commentators. Throughout, the chapter uncovers Hegel’s ontological logic at work both in miniature (e.g. Plato’s Philebus) and on the largest scale, as it envisions Greek philosophy moving from the articulation of the ‘universal’ notion of the (Aristotelian) divine Thought through its ‘particular’ Hellenistic refractions and on to its more ‘concrete’ development among the Neoplatonists in late Roman Alexandria.
Internalism from the ethnographic stance: from self-indulgence to self-expression and corroborative sense-making
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
By integrating Bernard Williams’ internalism about reasons with his later thought, this article casts fresh light on internalism and reveals what wider concerns it speaks to. To be consistent with Williams’ later work, I argue, internalism must align with his deference to the phenomenology of moral deliberation and with his critique of ‘moral self-indulgence’. Key to this alignment is the idea that deliberation can express the agent's motivations without referring to them; and that internalism is not a normative claim, but an example of sense-making from ‘the ethnographic stance’. This leaves a worry over whether moral conviction can coexist with an internalist understanding of reasons. Here too, however, Williams’ later thought provides an answer. Differentiating corrosive from corroborative sense-making, it elucidates how internalism, though not normative, can nonetheless affect our confidence in reason statements, thereby informing how we deliberate and how we address those whose motivations differ from our own.
Does targeted memory reactivation during slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep have differential effects on mnemonic discrimination and generalization?
Authors: Sifuentes Ortega Rebeca , Peigneux Philippe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR), or the presentation of learning-related cues during sleep, has been shown to benefit memory consolidation for specific memory traces when applied during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Prior studies suggest that TMR during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep may play a role in memory generalization processes, but evidence remains scarce. We tested the hypothesis that TMR exerts a differential effect on distinct mnemonic processes as a function of the sleep state (REM vs. NREM) in which TMR is delivered. Mnemonic discrimination and generalization of semantic categories were investigated using an adapted version of the Mnemonic Similarity Task, before and after sleep. Forty-eight participants encoded pictures from eight semantic categories, each associated with a sound. In the pre-sleep immediate test, they had to discriminate “old” (targets) from “similar” (lures) or “new” (foils) pictures. During sleep, half of the sounds were replayed in slow wave sleep (SWS) or REM sleep. Recognition, discrimination, and generalization memory indices were tested in the morning. These indices did not differ between SWS and REM TMR groups or reactivated and non-reactivated item categories. Additional results suggest a positive effect of TMR on performance for highly similar items mostly relying on mnemonic discrimination processes. During sleep, EEG activity after cue presentation increased in the delta–theta and sigma band in the SWS group, and in the beta band in the REM TMR group. These results do not support the hypothesis of differential processing of novel memory traces when TMR is administered in distinctive physiological sleep states.
Inferring the Evolutionary Model of Community-Structuring Traits with Convolutional Kitchen Sinks
Authors: Kruger Avery , Shankar Vaishaal , Jonathan Davies T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
When communities are assembled through processes such as filtering or limiting similarity acting on phylogenetically conserved traits, the evolutionary signature of those traits may be reflected in patterns of community membership. We show how the model of trait evolution underlying community-structuring traits can be inferred from community membership data using both a variation of a traditional eco-phylogenetic metric—the mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (MPD) between taxa—and a recent machine learning tool, Convolutional Kitchen Sinks (CKS). Both methods perform well across a range of phylogenetically informative evolutionary models, but CKS outperforms MPD as tree size increases. We demonstrate CKS by inferring the evolutionary history of freeze tolerance in angiosperms. Our analysis is consistent with a late burst model, suggesting freeze tolerance evolved recently. We suggest that multiple data types that are ordered on phylogenies, such as trait values, species interactions, or community presence/absence, are good candidates for CKS modeling because the generative models produce structured differences between neighboring points that CKS is well-suited for. We introduce the R package kitchen to perform CKS for generic application of the technique.
Assessing the knowledge, training and capacity of health workers in the diagnosis and management of soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis in eastern Uganda
Authors: Kihumuro Raymond Bernard , Kintu Timothy Mwanje , Atimango Lorna , Kanyike Andrew Marvin , Bazira Joel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect millions of people in Africa, with Uganda bearing a significant burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to reduce NTDs and improve access to diagnosis and management by 2030. However, NTDs have not been well integrated into primary healthcare in many countries, including Uganda, due to limited knowledge and resources among health workers. The study aimed to assess the readiness and capacity of primary healthcare centres to diagnose and manage soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and schistosomiasis.

Methods
A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 204 health workers in 20 health facilities in four districts bordering Lake Kyoga. In this study we evaluated health workers’ knowledge of symptoms, diagnosis and management of STHs and schistosomiasis as well as the availability of resources and training.

Results
Our findings indicate that health workers have strong knowledge about STHs (86.76%), with lower knowledge levels regarding Schistosoma haematobium (59.72%) and Schistosoma mansoni (71.43%). Regarding resources and training, 95% of health facilities had laboratory services, but the majority lacked diagnostic equipment. Furthermore, only 17% of health workers reported prior training on schistosomiasis and related topics and only 25% had training on surveillance and reporting.

Conclusions
While health workers in eastern Uganda demonstrated a good knowledge base for some NTDs, there were knowledge gaps and challenges in training on surveillance and reporting mechanisms. Continuously building the capacity of health workers along with investing in diagnostic infrastructure is essential for improved NTD control and ultimately reducing associated morbidity and mortality in the region.
Neural Envelope Processing at Low Frequencies Predicts Speech Understanding of Children With Hearing Loss in Noise and Reverberation
Authors: Easwar Vijayalakshmi , Peng Z. Ellen , Boothalingam Sriram , Seeto Mark 
Published: May 2024

Objective:Children with hearing loss experience greater difficulty understanding speech in the presence of noise and reverberation relative to their normal hearing peers despite provision of appropriate amplification. The fidelity of fundamental frequency of voice (f0) encoding—a salient temporal cue for understanding speech in noise—could play a significant role in explaining the variance in abilities among children. However, the nature of deficits in f0 encoding and its relationship with speech understanding are poorly understood. To this end, we evaluated the influence of frequency-specific f0 encoding on speech perception abilities of children with and without hearing loss in the presence of noise and/or reverberation.Methods:In 14 school-aged children with sensorineural hearing loss fitted with hearing aids and 29 normal hearing peers, envelope following responses (EFRs) were elicited by the vowel /i/, modified to estimate f0 encoding in low (<1.1 kHz) and higher frequencies simultaneously. EFRs to /i/ were elicited in quiet, in the presence of speech-shaped noise at +5 dB signal to noise ratio, with simulated reverberation time of 0.62 sec, as well as both noise and reverberation. EFRs were recorded using single-channel electroencephalogram between the vertex and the nape while children watched a silent movie with captions. Speech discrimination accuracy was measured using the University of Western Ontario Distinctive Features Differences test in each of the four acoustic conditions. Stimuli for EFR recordings and speech discrimination were presented monaurally.Results:Both groups of children demonstrated a frequency-dependent dichotomy in the disruption of f0 encoding, as reflected in EFR amplitude and phase coherence. Greater disruption (i.e., lower EFR amplitudes and phase coherence) was evident in EFRs elicited by low frequencies due to noise and greater disruption was evident in EFRs elicited by higher frequencies due to reverberation. Relative to normal hearing peers, children with hearing loss demonstrated: (a) greater disruption of f0 encoding at low frequencies, particularly in the presence of reverberation, and (b) a positive relationship between f0 encoding at low frequencies and speech discrimination in the hardest listening condition (i.e., when both noise and reverberation were present).Conclusions:Together, these results provide new evidence for the persistence of suprathreshold temporal processing deficits related to f0 encoding in children despite the provision of appropriate amplification to compensate for hearing loss. These objectively measurable deficits may underlie the greater difficulty experienced by children with hearing loss.