bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THAI FERMENTED FOOD AGAINST PANDEMIC STRAINS OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS
Authors: CHARERNJIRATRAGUL W. , BHOOPONG P. , KANTACHOTE D. , JOMDUANG S. , KONG‐NGOEN R. , NAIR G.B. , VUDDHAKUL V. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Since 1996, Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 and its clones have been reported to cause human infections worldwide. In Thailand, infections caused by these pandemic strains are still high. In order to control these infections, an attempt has been made to use probiotic bacteria. In this study, 327 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 22 types of fermented Thai foods. They were screened for probiotic properties. One isolate designated as PSU‐LAB 71 strongly inhibited the pandemic strains of V. parahaemolyticus and also Vibrio cholerae. PSU‐LAB71 was isolated from naturally fermented pork and was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. The mechanism of its ability to inhibit V. parahaemolyticus was most likely caused by acid production. PSU‐LAB71 showed high adhesion to an enterocyte‐like Caco‐2 cell line. This study highlighted the possibility of using PSU‐LAB71 as a probiotic strain to control infections by pandemic V. parahaemolyticus.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAsian countries use many fermented foods containing lactic acid bacteria. This study describes a method to isolate potential probiotic bacteria from fermented foods that have inhibitory properties against pathogenic Vibrio species, especially pandemic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This report may initiate other countries that face problems caused by this pathogen to isolate their local lactic acid bacteria that have the potential to act as probiotics to control infections.
Lack of effect of subtherapeutic vitamin D treatment on glycemic and lipid parameters in Type 2 diabetes: A pilot prospective randomized trial
Authors: PATEL Parini , PORETSKY Leonid , LIAO Emilia 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  Epidemiological studies suggest a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among individuals with vitamin D deficiency. The aim of the present study was to determine whether vitamin D treatment improves glucose control and insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:  Subjects with T2DM and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations <25 ng/mL were randomized to receive 400 IU (Group 1) or 1200 IU (Group 2) cholecalciferol for 4 months. Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), serum lipid levels and serum adiponectin were measured at baseline and at 4 months.Results:  Mean 25(OH)D levels increased in both groups (from 17.6 ± 1.5 to 25.5 ± 1.8 ng/mL in Group 1 and from 15.6 ± 1.4 to 27.4 ± 2.4 ng/mL in Group 2; P ≤ 0.001 vs baseline for each group). No significant differences were noted in fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, QUICKI, serum adiponectin, and lipid levels compared with baseline within groups or between the two groups.Conclusions:  In the present pilot study, conventional vitamin D treatment at a level improving, but not optimizing, serum 25(OH)D did not improve glycemia, insulin sensitivity, or lipid profile. However, diabetes and lipids were relatively well controlled at baseline. Future studies should be designed to achieve optimal concentrations of serum 25(OH)D (at least >32 ng/mL) and should include subjects showing more abnormal parameters of glycemia, lipid, and insulin sensitivity at baseline.
DnaSAM: Software to perform neutrality testing for large datasets with complex null models
Authors: ECKERT ANDREW J. , LIECHTY JOHN D. , TEARSE BRANDON R. , PANDE BARNALY , NEALE DAVID B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPatterns of DNA sequence polymorphisms can be used to understand the processes of demography and adaptation within natural populations. High‐throughput generation of DNA sequence data has historically been the bottleneck with respect to data processing and experimental inference. Advances in marker technologies have largely solved this problem. Currently, the limiting step is computational, with most molecular population genetic software allowing a gene‐by‐gene analysis through a graphical user interface. An easy‐to‐use analysis program that allows both high‐throughput processing of multiple sequence alignments along with the flexibility to simulate data under complex demographic scenarios is currently lacking. We introduce a new program, named DnaSAM, which allows high‐throughput estimation of DNA sequence diversity and neutrality statistics from experimental data along with the ability to test those statistics via Monte Carlo coalescent simulations. These simulations are conducted using the ms program, which is able to incorporate several genetic parameters (e.g. recombination) and demographic scenarios (e.g. population bottlenecks). The output is a set of diversity and neutrality statistics with associated probability values under a user‐specified null model that are stored in easy to manipulate text file.
Risk and injury portrayal in boys’ and girls’ favourite television programmes
Authors: Pfeffer K , Orum J 
Published: October 2009

Objectives:To analyse the injury-related content of children’s television programmes preferred by boys and by girls, and to determine whether there are more televised models of unsafe behaviour in programmes preferred by boys.Methods:Parents of 4–11-year-old children identified their children’s favourite television programmes. Content analysis of 120 episodes of children’s favourite programmes was used to quantify safe and risky behaviours, actual injuries and potential injuries. The gender of the characters portraying the behaviours was also analysed.Results:More risky behaviour was portrayed in the boys’ favourite programmes (mean per episode  = 6.40) than in the girls’ favourite programmes (mean = 2.57). There were almost twice as many potential injuries (n = 310) as actual injuries (n = 157). Potential injuries were portrayed more often by male characters (mean = 1.92) than female characters (mean = 0.98), mostly in the boys’ favourite programmes. Actual injuries occurred more often to male characters (mean = 1.04) than to female characters (mean = 0.27) overall.Conclusions:Television programmes preferred by this sample of boys portrayed male role models engaging in risky behaviours and injuries more often than the programmes preferred by the sample of girls.
Non-firearm-related homicide, New Mexico, 2001–3
Authors: Kazerouni N Neely , Shah N , Lathrop S , Landen M G 
Published: October 2009

Objective:New Mexico (NM) has the highest rate of non-firearm-related homicide in the USA and ranks 20th in firearm-related homicides. Because non-firearm-related homicides are inadequately described in the literature, characterisation of non-firearm-related homicide victims will enhance efforts to reduce homicides.Methods:Homicide victims were identified through the Office of the Medical Investigator. Age-specific and age-adjusted homicide death rates were calculated for 2001–3 by sex and race/ethnicity, and associations between covariates and non-firearm-related homicide were measured.Results:Non-firearm-related homicides comprised 33% of US homicide victims, 47% of NM homicide victims, and 74% of NM American Indian (AI) homicide victims. Of 212 NM non-firearm-related homicide victims, 37% had been beaten, 32% had been stabbed, and 12% had been strangled. Females comprised 30% of non-firearm-related homicide victims and 18% of firearm-related homicide victims. A blood alcohol concentration (BAC) ⩾0.08 mg/dl was detected among 43% of non-firearm-related (61% of AI) and 33% of firearm-related (50% of AI) homicide victims. Non-firearm-related homicide rates were highest among AI men aged 25–34 years (31/100 000). Non-firearm-related homicide victims were more likely than firearm-related victims to be AI (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.20; 95% CI 2.16 to 8.16) and female (AOR 2.05; 95% CI 1.27 to 3.31), and to have had a BAC ⩾0.08 mg/dl (AOR 1.65; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.52).Conclusions:Homicide-prevention efforts among AIs in NM should focus on non-firearm-related homicides. The association between excessive drinking and non-firearm-related homicide should be further characterised. Continued surveillance for non-firearm-related homicides will assist these efforts.
The role of alcohol in unintentional falls among young and middle-aged adults: a systematic review of epidemiological studies
Authors: Kool B , Ameratunga S , Jackson R 
Published: October 2009

Objective:To appraise the published epidemiological evidence quantifying the risk of falls associated with acute and usual alcohol consumption among young and middle-aged adults.Design:Systematic review.Methods:Data sources: searches of electronic databases (eg, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus), websites of relevant organisations, major injury journals, reference lists of relevant articles, and contact with experts in the field. Inclusion criteria: epidemiological studies with an English language abstract investigating alcohol use as a risk factor (exposure) for unintentional falls or related injuries among individuals aged 25–60 years. Studies were critically appraised using the GATE LITE tool. Meta-analysis was not attempted because of the heterogeneity of the eligible studies.Results:Four case–control, three cohort and one case–crossover study fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The studies showed an increased risk of unintentional falls among young and middle-aged adults with increasing exposure to alcohol use. However, the magnitude of this risk varied considerably across studies with most estimates being relatively imprecise. Modest evidence of a dose–response relationship with acute alcohol use was observed. The association between usual alcohol use and fall risk was inconclusive, and evidence of a gender difference was inconsistent.Conclusions:Alcohol use appears to be an important risk factor for falls among young and middle-aged adults. Controlled studies with sufficient power that adjust effect estimates for potential confounders (eg, fatigue, recreational drug use) are required to determine the population-based burden of fall-related injuries attributable to alcohol. This can help inform and prioritise falls prevention strategies for this age group.
The effect of counting principal and secondary injuries on national estimates of motor vehicle-related trauma: a NEISS–AIP special study
Authors: Halpin J , Greenspan A I , Haileyesus T , Annest J L 
Published: October 2009

Objective:To demonstrate the effect of including both principal and secondary injuries in the calculation of national estimates of non-fatal motor vehicle-related injury, using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–All Injury Program (NEISS–AIP).Methods:The setting was a stratified sample of 15 US hospital emergency departments selected among 50 NEISS–AIP hospitals which agreed to participate in the study. Non-fatal injury data from a special study of the 2004 NEISS–AIP were analysed which allowed up to five injuries to be coded per case. National estimates of number and rate of injuries for 2004 were calculated, first using principal injuries alone, then by including principal and secondary injuries.Results:An estimated 4 833 626 principal and secondary injuries were sustained by the estimated 2 893 782 motor vehicle occupants involved in a crash and treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs) in 2004. This represents a 67% increase in the total number of injuries compared with an estimate of principal injury alone. Incidence of contusions/abrasions and lower trunk injuries rose most steeply among broad injury types, and whiplash injury rose 18% in number and rate. A significantly lower percentage of cases with a single listed injury were hospitalised (5%) compared with those who sustained multiple injuries (8%).Conclusions:Based on an analysis of NEISS–AIP special study data, the inclusion of both principal and secondary injuries in national estimates of motor vehicle-related occupant injury would provide a more comprehensive report of non-fatal injuries treated in US hospital EDs. Other countries with ED-based surveillance systems could consider reporting multiple injuries when assessing injury count associated with motor vehicle trauma requiring ED care.
Prospective outcomes of injury study
Authors: Derrett S , Langley J , Hokowhitu B , Ameratunga S , Hansen P , Davie G , Wyeth E , Lilley R 
Published: October 2009

Background:In New Zealand (NZ), 20% of adults report a disability, of which one-third is caused by injury. No prospective epidemiological studies of predictors of disability following all-cause injury among New Zealanders have been undertaken. Internationally, studies have focused on a limited range of predictors or specific injuries. Although these studies provide useful insights, applicability to NZ is limited given the importance of NZ’s unique macro-social factors, such as NZ’s no-fault accident compensation and rehabilitation scheme, the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC).Objectives:(1) To quantitatively determine the injury, rehabilitation, personal, social and economic factors leading to disability outcomes following injury in NZ. (2) To qualitatively explore experiences and perceptions of injury-related outcomes in face-to-face interviews with 15 Māori and 15 other New Zealanders, 6 and 12 months after injury.Setting:Four geographical regions within NZ.Design:Prospective cohort study with telephone interviews 1, 4 and 12 months after injury.Participants:2500 people (including 460 Māori), aged 18–64 years, randomly selected from ACC’s entitlement claims register (people likely to be off work for at least 1 week or equivalent).Data:Telephone interviews, electronic hospital and ACC injury data. Exposures include demographic, social, economic, work-related, health status, participation and/or environmental factors.Outcome measures:Primary: disability (including WHODAS II) and health-related quality of life (including EQ-5D). Secondary: participation (paid and unpaid activities), life satisfaction and costs.Analysis:Separate regression models will be developed for each of the outcomes. Repeated measures outcomes will be modelled using general estimating equation models and generalised linear mixed models.
Common and Unique Neural Correlates of Autobiographical Memory and Theory of Mind
Authors: Rabin Jennifer S. , Gilboa Asaf , Stuss Donald T. , Mar Raymond A. , Rosenbaum R. Shayna 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
There is an inconsistency regarding the relationship between thinking about personal past experiences during autobiographical memory (AM) and thinking about other people's mental states during theory of mind (ToM). Neuroimaging studies of AM and ToM consistently report overlap in the brain regions recruited. Lesion data, however, show that amnesic people with AM impairment can have intact ToM, suggesting that distinct neural mechanisms support these abilities [Rosenbaum, R. S., Stuss, D. T., Levine, B., & Tulving, E. Theory of mind is independent of episodic memory. Science, 318, 1257, 2007]. The current fMRI study examined the functional and neural correlates of remembering one's own experiences in response to personal photos (AM condition) and imagining others' experiences in response to strangers' photos (ToM condition). AM and ToM conditions were matched in terms of content and vividness, and were compared directly and to a common baseline. Analyses revealed common activity within frontal and temporal–parietal regions, yet midline structures exhibited greater activity during AM. More specific analyses of event construction and detail elaboration revealed unique activation of the right hippocampus during AM construction, and of lateral regions, such as the right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) during ToM elaboration. Moreover, a region of left hippocampus/perirhinal cortex appeared to be driven by event vividness. Thus, differences in AM and ToM emerge when a common baseline is used and temporal dynamics are taken into account. Furthermore, the right TPJ and related lateral regions, and not the hippocampus, may be needed for ToM, given that this ability is intact in amnesic people.
Transient Neural Activation in Human Amygdala Involved in Aversive Conditioning of Face and Voice
Authors: Iidaka Tetsuya , Saito Daisuke N. , Komeda Hidetsugu , Mano Yoko , Kanayama Noriaki , Osumi Takahiro , Ozaki Norio , Sadato Norihiro 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Elucidating the neural mechanisms involved in aversive conditioning helps find effective treatments for psychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorder and phobia. Previous studies using fMRI and human subjects have reported that the amygdala plays a role in this phenomenon. However, the noxious stimuli that were used as unconditioned stimuli in previous studies (e.g., electric shock) might have been ecologically invalid because we seldom encounter such stimuli in daily life. Therefore, we investigated whether a face stimulus could be conditioned by using a voice that had negative emotional valence and was collected from a real-life environment. A skin conductance response showed that healthy subjects were conditioned by using these stimuli. In an fMRI study, there was greater amygdala activation in response to the faces that had been paired with the voice than to those that had not. The right amygdala showed transient activity in the early stage of acquisition. A psychophysiological interaction analysis indicated that the subcortical pathway from the medial geniculate body to the amygdala played a role in conditioning. Modulation of the subcortical pathway by voice stimuli preceded the transient activity in the amygdala. The finding that an ecologically valid stimulus elicited the conditioning and amygdala response suggests that our brain is automatically processing unpleasant stimuli in daily life.
The Association between Dopamine DRD2 Polymorphisms and Working Memory Capacity Is Modulated by a Functional Polymorphism on the Nicotinic Receptor Gene CHRNA4
Authors: Markett Sebastian A. , Montag Christian , Reuter Martin 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Working memory capacity is extremely limited and individual differences are heritable to a considerable extent. In the search for a better understanding of the exact genetic underpinnings of working memory, most research has focused on functional gene variants involved in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Recently, there has been investigation of genes related to other neurotransmitter systems such as acetylcholine. The potential relevance of a polymorphism located in the gene coding for the alpha4 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (rs#1044396) has been discussed with respect to working memory, but empirical investigations have provided mixed results. However, pharmacological studies in both rodents and humans have shown that the effect of nicotinic agonists on cognitive functions is mediated by dopamine. We therefore hypothesized that such an interaction can be found on a molecular genetic level as well. In order to test this hypothesis, we genotyped 101 healthy subjects for rs#1044396 and three functional polymorphisms on the dopamine d2 receptor gene (rs#1800497, rs#6277, rs#2283265). These subjects performed a visuospatial working memory task in which memory load was systematically varied. We found a significant interaction between rs#1044396 and a haplotype block covering all three dopaminergic polymorphisms on working memory capacity. This effect only became apparent on higher levels of working memory load. This is the first evidence from a molecular genetic perspective that these two neurotransmitter systems interact on cognitive functioning. The results are discussed with regard to their implication for working memory theories and their clinical relevance for treatment of substance abuse and schizophrenia.
Imaging Implicit Morphological Processing: Evidence from Hebrew
Authors: Bick Atira S. , Frost Ram , Goelman Gadi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Is morphology a discrete and independent element of lexical structure or does it simply reflect a fine-tuning of the system to the statistical correlation that exists among orthographic and semantic properties of words? Hebrew provides a unique opportunity to examine morphological processing in the brain because of its rich morphological system. In an fMRI masked priming experiment, we investigated the neural networks involved in implicit morphological processing in Hebrew. In the lMFG and lIFG, activation was found to be significantly reduced when the primes were morphologically related to the targets. This effect was not influenced by the semantic transparency of the morphological prime, and was not found in the semantic or orthographic condition. Additional morphologically related decrease in activation was found in the lIPL, where activation was significantly modulated by semantic transparency. Our findings regarding implicit morphological processing suggest that morphology is an automatic and distinct aspect of visually processing words. These results also coincide with the behavioral data previously obtained demonstrating the central role of morphological processing in reading Hebrew.
Returning to God after God: Levinas, Derrida, Ricoeur
Authors: Kearney Richard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis essay discusses the anatheist option of returning to God after the atheistic critique of the traditional God of ontotheology. It begins by reviewing the contributions that Levinas and Derrida have made toward this position and the atheistic criticisms of Freud and Nietzsche. The work of Paul Ricoeur is then discussed, showing how the atheist critique is a necessary moment in the development of genuine faith that involves a renunciation of fear and dependency as well as a reaffirmation of life and a return to existence. Kearney goes on to discuss how this return to God is possible, considering the ethical position that makes it possible, the reinterpretations of biblical traditions that it entails, the relationship between the anatheist philosopher and the theologian, and revival of God as an enabling God.
Must We Avoid Speaking of Religion? The Truths of Religions
Authors: Bernasconi Robert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHeidegger already recognized in the 1920s the difficulties facing a phenomenology of religion, but the problems are greatly multiplied once one recognizes that many of the so-called religions were constituted as such only in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and that the "invention" of these religions was according to an idea of religion shaped by Christianity. By investigating the incompatible attempts of Kant and Hegel to negotiate that idea, I identify the genealogy of the double bind whereby today it appears that one is faced with a choice between two violences: the violence of imposing the word religion on practices that do not readily follow the model of the Christian religion and the violence of refusing the word to non-Christian religions.
Temptation, Self-Possession, and Resoluteness: Heidegger's Reading of Confessions X and What Is the Good of Being and Time?
Authors: Dahlstrom Daniel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn Heidegger's 1921 lectures, he presents an extensive interpretation of Book Ten of Augustine's Confessions. The present paper elaborates parallels between that interpretation of Augustine's Confessions and Heidegger's interpretation of existence in Being and Time, with special reference to the themes of self-possession (continentia) and resoluteness (Entschlossenheit) as respective anchors of the two interpretations. The study also highlights ways the two interpretations diverge, i.e., the aspects of the interpretation of the Confessions' themes of the good and desirable, the joyful and endearing, the delectatio that Augustine deems the end of our care (finis curae) that do not find their way into the existential analysis. By way of conclusion, questions are raised about the significance and plausibility of Heidegger's prima facie omissions of these themes from his existential analysis.