bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Core/Shell Bi2S3/BiVO4 Nanoarchitecture for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Xiong Yuli , Zhang Duo , Zhao Xiaoxuan , Peng Bo , Yu Peng , Cheng Zhenxiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe construction of nanostructured heterostructure is a potent strategy for achieving high‐performance photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Among these, constructing BiVO4‐based heterostructure stands out as a promising method for optimizing light‐harvesting efficiency and reducing severe charge recombination. Herein, we present a novel approach to fabricate a type II heterostructure of core/shell Bi2S3/BiVO4 using electrolytic deposition and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) methods. We identify the type II heterostructure and the difference in fermi energy using UV‐Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and PEC measurements. This redistribution of charges due to the fermi energy difference induces an interfacial built‐in electric field from BiVO4 to Bi2S3, reinforcing the photogenerated hole transfer kinetics from BiVO4 to Bi2S3. The Bi2S3/BiVO4 heterostructure exhibits a superior photocurrent (6.0 mA cm−2), enhanced charge separation efficiency (85 %), and higher open‐circuit photovoltage (350 mV). Additionally, the heterostructure displays a prolonged average lifetime of charge (1.63 ns), verifying this heterojunction could boost interfacial carriers’ migration via an additional nonradiative quenching pathway. Furthermore, the lower photoluminescence (PL) intensity demonstrates the interfacial built‐in electric field is beneficial for boosting charge migration.
Effects of different combinations of pre‐ and post‐grazing heights on herbage mass and nutrient reserves of Leymus chinensis in Northeast China
Authors: Zhao Chengzhen , Chang Xiao , Li Qiang , Zhong Rongzhen , Zhou Daowei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe preservation or removal of apical meristem in Leymus chinensis is contingent upon grazing intensity and has a significant impact on above‐ and belowground biomass, nutritive value, and sustainability of L. chinensis grassland. However, this topic remains understudied. Therefore, a manipulative trial was conducted to induce grazing defoliation through mowing, where two post‐grazing heights (preservation or removal of the apical meristem) and four pre‐grazing plant heights (i.e., 18, 24, 31, and 35 cm) are combined factorially to create gradients of grazing intensities, resulting in a total of eight treatments. Additionally, two identical control treatments are also incorporated. Our results showed that apical meristem removal at various pre‐grazing heights resulted in varying degrees of increased grazing intensities, thereby enhancing the nutritive value of L. chinensis. However, this practice also led to detrimental effects on the plant's carbohydrates reserve as well as herbage mass. The results indicated that although defoliation in treatments involving apical meristem removal resulted in the highest number of frequent cuttings, it did not confer any advantages in terms of herbage mass and nutrient preserves, except for herbage nutritive values when compared to treatments involving apical meristem preservation. The apical meristem preservation treatments demonstrated the highest CP yield over a 2‐year period compared to the apical meristem removal treatments. Furthermore, within these apical meristem preservation treatments, only when the pre‐grazing height is 35 cm and post‐grazing height is 17 cm, there is no significant decrease in above‐ and belowground biomass. This establishes this specific defoliation regime as an optimal and effective management strategy for L. chinensis grassland.
Diversity and distribution of chironomids in Central European ponds
Authors: Přidalová Marcela Sedlačková , Hamerlík Ladislav , Novikmec Milan , Slobodníková Veronika , Veselská Marta , Bitušík Peter , Svitok Marek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPonds are common freshwater habitats in the European landscape that substantially contribute to local and regional biodiversity. Chironomids often dominate invertebrate communities in ponds but are usually disregarded in ecological studies due to relatively complicated taxonomy and identification issues. We present a comprehensive overview of the chironomid diversity in 246 ponds spanning a wide range of conditions extending from the Pannonian Plain to the Carpathians. Altogether, we recorded 225 taxa including 192 species from six subfamilies (Podonominae, Tanypodinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae, Orthocladiinae and Chironominae). However, the chironomid taxa inventory is far from complete and about 16% of the total diversity of pond‐dwelling chironomids remains undetected. Chironomid alpha diversity showed a significant unimodal pattern along the elevation gradient with the highest number of taxa per pond expected around 790 m a.s.l. Gamma diversity also peaked in mid‐elevations (600–800 m), and the common chironomid taxa partitioned the 2100‐m long altitudinal gradient relatively evenly. The heterogeneity of chironomid communities among ponds measured as beta diversity was significantly higher in elevations below 800 m. Temperature and the proportion of surrounding forests significantly influenced alpha diversity of chironomid communities, while urban land cover and pond size had no significant effect. Ponds with a mean annual air temperature of approximately 4.8°C and a low proportion of surrounding forests are expected to harbour the most diverse chironomid communities. Our study showed that chironomids represent a very diverse and often exceptionally rich group of pond‐dwelling macroinvertebrates. Given the high diversity and broad range of occupied niches, chironomids should not be overlooked in pond ecology studies. On the contrary, they should be considered a potential model group.
Interactive abiotic and biotic stressor impacts on a stream‐dwelling amphibian
Authors: Coyle Oliver , Vredenburg Vance T. , Stillman Jonathon H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganisms within freshwater and marine environments are subject to a diverse range of often co‐occurring abiotic and biotic stressors. Despite growing awareness of the complex multistress systems at play in aquatic ecosystems, many questions remain regarding how simultaneous stressors interact with one another and jointly impact aquatic species. We looked at multistress interactions in a protected stream ecosystem in Mendocino County, California. Specifically, we examined how diurnal temperature variation, turbidity, and predator cues altered the movement speed of larval Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). In a second experiment, we looked at how simulated low‐flow summer conditions impact the expression of heat‐shock proteins (HSPs) in the same species. Larvae moved almost one and a half times faster in the presence of chemical cues from trout and suspended sediment, and almost two times faster when both sediment and trout cues were present but were only marginally affected by temperature and visual cues from conspecifics. Interestingly, the order of stressor exposure also appeared to influence larval speed, where exposure to sediment and trout in earlier trials tended to lead to faster speeds in later trials. Additionally, larvae exposed to low‐flow conditions had more variable, but not statistically significantly higher, expression of HSPs. Our findings highlight the potential interactive effects of an abiotic stressor, sedimentation, and a biotic stressor, and predator chemical cues on an ecologically important trait: movement speed. Our findings also demonstrate the likely role of HSPs in larval salamander survival in challenging summer conditions. Taken together, these findings show that larval D. tenebrosus responds behaviorally to biotic and abiotic stressors and suggests a possible pathway for physiological tolerance of environmental stress. Consideration of multistress systems and their effects is important for understanding the full effects of co‐occurring stressors on aquatic organisms to guide appropriate conservation and management efforts based on ecologically relevant responses of organisms within an environment.
Green banana resistant starch: A promising potential as functional ingredient against certain maladies
Authors: Munir Haroon , Alam Hamza , Nadeem Muhammad Tahir , Almalki Riyadh S. , Arshad Muhammad Sajid , Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis review covers the significance of green banana resistant starch (RS), a substantial polysaccharide. The food industry has taken an interest in green banana flour due to its 30% availability of resistant starch and its approximately 70% starch content on a dry basis, making its use suitable for food formulations where starch serves as the base. A variety of processing techniques, such as heat‐moisture, autoclaving, microwaving, high hydrostatic pressure, extrusion, ultrasound, acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic debranching treatments, have made significant advancements in the preparation of resistant starch. These advancements aim to change the structure, techno‐functionality, and subsequently the physiological functions of the resistant starch. Green bananas make up the highest RS as compared to other foods and cereals. Many food processing industries and cuisines now have a positive awareness due to the functional characteristics of green bananas, such as their pasting, thermal, gelatinization, foaming, and textural characteristics. It is also found useful for controlling the rates of cancer, obesity, and diabetic disorders. Moreover, the use of GBRS as prebiotics and probiotics might be significantly proved good for gut health. This study aimed at the awareness of the composition, extraction and application of the green banana resistant starch in the future food products.
Evaluating the effect of grape syrup on iron deficiency anemia in women: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pourhakim Rasul , Emadi Fatemeh , Razavi Dizaji Saeed , Talei Daryush , Esmaeili Saber Sayed Saeed , Iranzadasl Maryam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobally, iron deficiency reigns as the most prevalent nutritional disorder, with anemia disproportionately impacting women of childbearing age. Despite the effectiveness of existing treatments, like iron supplements, their side effects remain a concern. This study explores the potential of grape syrup (GS), a functional iron‐rich food, to modulate markers of iron‐deficient anemia in women. A randomized, double‐blind study explored the impact of GS on iron deficiency anemia markers in 130 women. Participants were allocated to intervention or placebo groups. For 4 weeks, the intervention group received a daily 50 mg ferrous sulfate tablet alongside 10 cc of GS thrice daily. The placebo group received a 50 mg ferrous sulfate tablet with a 10 cc placebo syrup thrice daily. Before and after the intervention, key markers like red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and serum iron were assessed. Notably, both Hb and Hct levels were significantly higher in the GS group (p < .05). Additionally, RBC and MCV values showed significant improvement compared to the placebo group (p < .05). However, no significant difference was observed for other iron deficiency markers like serum iron, ferritin, and TIBC (p > .05). This study's findings suggest that combining grape syrup with iron tablets might offer potential advantages over iron tablets alone in managing iron deficiency anemia.
High–low volatility spillover network between economic policy uncertainty and commodity futures markets
Authors: Xiang Youtao , Borjigin Sumuya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBased on the formation and evolution of systemic risk, we study the high‐low volatility spillovers between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and commodity futures and identify the source of risk accumulation and risk outbreak, as well as the corresponding contagion mechanisms. Upon comparing topological characteristics on each volatility layer, our results demonstrate that high and low volatility spillover networks have different network characteristics and evolution behaviors. At the system level, high volatility spillovers are relatively stronger than spillovers in in low volatility network, while the risk propagation efficiency in the low volatility network is higher. At the market level, EPU is not only an important risk‐emitter but also a risk‐recipient most of the time. Additionally, compared with high volatility network, low volatility network characteristics have greater predictive ability for risk spillover among commodity futures, which means that it contains additional information and provides early warning signals for financial stress.
Induction of AML cell differentiation using HOXA9/DNA binding inhibitors as a potential therapeutic option for HOXA9‐dependent AML
Authors: Lambert Mélanie , Jambon Samy , Bouhlel Mohamed A. , Depauw Sabine , Vrevin Julie , Blanck Samuel , Marot Guillemette , Figeac Martin , Preudhomme Claude , Quesnel Bruno , Boykin David W. , David‐Cordonnier Marie‐Hélène 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mainstay of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment still relies on traditional chemotherapy, with a survival rate of approximately 30% for patients under 65 years of age and as low as 5% for those beyond. This unfavorable prognosis primarily stems from frequent relapses, resistance to chemotherapy, and limited approved targeted therapies for specific AML subtypes. Around 70% of all AML cases show overexpression of the transcription factor HOXA9, which is associated with a poor prognosis, increased chemoresistance, and higher relapse rates. However, direct targeting of HOXA9 in a clinical setting has not been achieved yet. The dysregulation caused by the leukemic HOXA9 transcription factor primarily results from its binding activity to DNA, leading to differentiation blockade. Our previous investigations have identified two HOXA9/DNA binding competitors, namely DB1055 and DB818. We assessed their antileukemic effects in comparison to HOXA9 knockdown or cytarabine treatment. Using human AML cell models, DB1055 and DB818 induced in vitro cell growth reduction, death, differentiation, and common transcriptomic deregulation but did not impact human CD34+ bone marrow cells. Furthermore, DB1055 and DB818 exhibited potent antileukemic activities in a human THP‐1 AML in vivo model, leading to the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. In vitro assays also demonstrated the efficacy of DB1055 and DB818 against AML blasts from patients, with DB1055 successfully reducing leukemia burden in patient‐derived xenografts in NSG immunodeficient mice. Our findings indicate that inhibiting HOXA9/DNA interaction using DNA ligands may offer a novel differentiation therapy for the future treatment of AML patients dependent on HOXA9.
The ecohydrology of rewilding: A pressing need for evidence in the restoration of upland Atlantic salmon streams
Authors: Soulsby C. , Youngson A. , Webb J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent interest in landscape re‐wilding and ecological restoration has resulted in a proliferation of large‐scale projects in many countries that have the potential to cause significant ecohydrological change. In Scotland an increasing number of watershed “restoration” schemes are motivated by declining Atlantic salmon populations and the threat of climate change. These usually involve riparian planting to shade salmon streams and re‐engineering of river channels to “enhance” salmon habitat. However, the need for, and objectives of, these schemes are often highly uncertain and there is no compelling scientific evidence to suggest that they are likely to be successful in halting salmon declines. Remarkably, these schemes ‐ which affect can affect rivers with the highest conservation designations in protected landscapes ‐ have been subject to limited environmental assessment. In some cases, engineering activities pose significant potential risk to juvenile salmon, and existing high quality salmon habitat may be degraded in the re‐engineering of streams. This commentary highlights the urgent need for more evidence‐based approaches in the management of complex ecohydrological systems.
Model calibration using hydropedological insights to improve the simulation of internal hydrological processes using SWAT+
Authors: Smit Edward , van Zijl George , Riddell Edward , van Tol Johan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoils affect the distribution of hydrological processes by partitioning precipitation into different components of the water balance. Therefore, understanding soil‐water dynamics at a catchment scale remains imperative to future water resource management. In this study, the value of hydropedological insights was examined to calibrate a processes‐based model. Soil morphology was used as soft data to assist in the calibration of the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) model at five different catchment scales (48, 56, 174, 674, and 2421 km2) in the Sabie River catchment, South Africa. The aim of this study was to calibrate the SWAT+ model to accurately simulate long‐term monthly streamflow predictions as well as to reflect internal soil hydrological processes using a procedure focusing on hydropedology as a calibration tool in a multigauge system. Results indicated that calibration improved streamflow predictions where R2 improved by 2%–8%. Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) improved from negative correlations to values exceeding 0.5 at four of the five catchment scales compared to the uncalibrated model. Results confirm that soil mapping units can be calibrated individually within SWAT+ to improve the representation of hydrological processes. Particularly, the spatial linkage between hydropedology and hydrological processes, which is captured within the soil map of the catchment, can be adequately reflected within the model simulations after calibration. This research will lead to an improved understanding of hydropedology as soft data to improve hydrological modelling accuracy.
Excitons in confined molecular aggregates
Authors: Chen Xiaozhen , Zhou Jiadong , Xie Zengqi , Ma Yuguang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic optoelectronic materials have attracted extensive attention in the past decades due to their wide applications in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), photocatalysis, etc. Significant advancements have been obtained in the material designs based on the insight into the fundamental physics of exciton related to molecular stacking patterns in solid/condensed states. The exciton characteristics and behaviors are not only a starting point for studying photophysical and photochemical processes on a microscopic level, but also a crucial point in determining the optoelectronic properties of macroscopic aggregates. This review summarizes the historic development of exciton models, accompanied by the discoveries of special molecular stacking patterns (H‐/J‐/X‐/M‐aggregates), and the competitive de‐excitation pathways of excitons including fluorescence, energy transfer, singlet fission, excimer formation and symmetry‐breaking charge separation in the confined aggregate structures. Additionally, it highlights the capabilities of a correlation between molecular stacking modes and exciton behaviors, which provides new insights and perspectives for optimizing exciton character and behavior through the modulation of molecular arrangement in aggregate states, thereby enhancing the performance of optoelectronic materials.
Air‐ground integrated assisted proactive eavesdropping
Authors: Wang Xianming , Zhang Heng , Ren Yan , Xu Feiran , Gong Chenglong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBenefiting from the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, UAVs have also received extensive attention in the field of communication. In this letter, we investigate an air‐ground proactive eavesdropping system in which a legitimate ground eavesdropper can actively eavesdrop on suspected ground communication links with the assistance of a UAV. To improve the eavesdropping performance of the system, the optimal trajectory of the UAV and the appropriate power allocation ratio are sought to maximize the eavesdropping rate. A Double‐Dueling DQN (D3QN) based scheme for maximizing the eavesdropping rate is proposed through deep reinforcement learning. The joint optimization of UAV trajectory and power allocation ratio is achieved using the D3QN algorithm. From the numerical results, the optimization scheme can improve the eavesdropping rate of the system.
Safety protection using artificial intelligence internet of things for preschool education
Authors: Tan Yun , Mo Shuangyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of social economy and information technology, safety protection in daily life has become more and more important. Although the awareness of safety has increased, the children's safety is still not paid enough attention. Children still may suffer accidental injuries, especially in developing countries. Children spend most of time at school in a day. Thus, it has become an emergent challenge to guarantee children's safety at school. In order handle this issue, this paper designs an Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things (AIoT) safety protection system for preschool education. The AIoT safety protection system consists of three parts: camera, Raspberry Pi, and monitoring computer. The camera captures the images of classroom scene during preschool education. The Raspberry Pi analyzes the images from camera to determine the unsafe behaviors of children, in which a YOLOv8 model is deployed. The monitoring computer receives the alarms from Raspberry Pi. The camera, Raspberry Pi, and monitoring computer are connected using wireless sensor network. The experiments show the behavior recognition model can correctly identify most of dangerous behaviors of children in classroom. The simulation result demonstrates the AIoT safety protection system can find the dangerous behaviors in time.
Evaluating functions of praise for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Jimenez‐Gomez Corina , Hannula Courtney , Liggett Ashley P. , Shvarts Samuel , Podlesnik Christopher A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe assessed whether novel praise statements could be used to (a) maintain and increase responses with existing reinforcement histories and (b) teach a previously untaught response among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder across two experiments. During response–stimulus pairing, two responses resulted in preferred edibles but only one also produced a praise statement. In the absence of edibles, the response continuing to produce praise tended to persist more. Next, reversing the praise contingency tended to increase the other response. However, in no case did contingent delivery of those same praise statements result in the acquisition of untaught responses. These findings suggest that conditioning praise statements could serve different functions (antecedent or consequence) depending on the reinforcement history for particular responses.