bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Englische Parlamentsromane als realistische Einblicke in die Begriffswelt der Politiker
Authors: Stemmler Gunter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis review recommends parliamentary novels and political thrillers as helpful for interpreters, if only in small talk. Their reading is enjoyable too. These books are showing the world of politicians, civil servants, journalists, and spin-doctors at parliament and in election campaigns. These fictions offer insights, how they live and act, think and speak, how they are using words, which say nothing, or the opposite, their terminology, idioms, and abbreviations. This criticism says in general, there are Oldies but Goldies. In addition it suggests movies and TV series from the UK and USA.
Broad Cross-Reactive TCR Repertoires Recognizing Dissimilar Epstein-Barr and Influenza A Virus Epitopes
Authors: Clute Shalyn C. , Naumov Yuri N. , Watkin Levi B. , Aslan Nuray , Sullivan John L. , Thorley-Lawson David A. , Luzuriaga Katherine , Welsh Raymond M. , Puzone Roberto , Celada Franco , Selin Liisa K. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Memory T cells cross-reactive with epitopes encoded by related or even unrelated viruses may alter the immune response and pathogenesis of infection by a process known as heterologous immunity. Because a challenge virus epitope may react with only a subset of the T cell repertoire in a cross-reactive epitope-specific memory pool, the vigorous cross-reactive response may be narrowly focused, or oligoclonal. We show in this article, by examining human T cell cross-reactivity between the HLA-A2–restricted influenza A virus-encoded M158–66 epitope (GILGFVFTL) and the dissimilar Epstein-Barr virus-encoded BMLF1280–288 epitope (GLCTLVAML), that, under some conditions, heterologous immunity can lead to a significant broadening, rather than a narrowing, of the TCR repertoire. We suggest that dissimilar cross-reactive epitopes might generate a broad, rather than a narrow, T cell repertoire if there is a lack of dominant high-affinity clones; this hypothesis is supported by computer simulation.
Efficient In Vivo Delivery of Plasmids and Oligonucleotides Using Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan Envelope (HVJ‐E) Vector in Immunological Disease Models
Authors: Kitani Atsushi , Fichtner‐Feigl Stefan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis unit describes a method for in vivo delivery of oligonucleotides or plasmids using the hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ‐E), an inactivated Sendai virus particle, as a delivery system. Viral transfection methods generally show a higher transfection efficiency than nonviral methods for the delivery of genes to cells. However, in using these methods one must bear in mind that the introduction of a virus particle into a host carries a risk for leukemia induction and for creation of disturbances in immune function due to cytotoxicity. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 91:10.17E.1‐10.17E.9. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Non‐volatile Additives in Polymeric Coatings by Means of Inverse Micro Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Müller M. , Scharfer P. , Kind M. , Schabel W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIm Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Fick'sche Diffusionskoeffizient eines nichtflüchtigen Additivs im ternären System Polymer/Additiv/Lösemittel bestimmt. Dafür wird der Ausgleichsvorgang von Additivbeladungsprofilen in dünnen Polymerschichten mit Hilfe der inversen Mikro‐Raman‐Spektroskopie (IMRS) analysiert. Die Bestimmung des Diffusionskoeffizienten erfolgt durch die Anpassung von gerechneten an gemessene Beladungsprofile. Durch gezielte Experimente konnte in dieser Arbeit erstmals der Diffusionskoeffizient des Weichmachers Triphenylphosphat in Polymerlösungen aus Methylenchlorid und Polyvinylacetat in Abhängigkeit der Weichmacher‐ und Lösemittelbeladung über einen weiten Zusammensetzungsbereich bestimmt werden.
Phase‐contrast Atomic Force Microscopy for the Characterization of the Distribution of Nanoparticles in Composite Materials
Authors: Rudolph M. , Bauer K. , Peuker U. A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFür die Analyse partikulärer Medien und disperser Systeme bietet die Rasterkraftmikroskopie vielfältige Möglichkeiten. Die Phasenkontrast‐Rasterkraftmikroskopie wurde für die Dispersitätsanalyse untersucht. Eine Möglichkeit der Analyse von Nanopartikel‐Kompositproben bezüglich der Vereinzelung und Verteilung der Partikel innerhalb einer Polymermatrix wird präsentiert. Zur quantitativen Dispersitätscharakterisierung wird ein möglicher Auswertungsablauf vorgestellt.
Strategic Biorefinery Projects in Germany – What we have and what we need
Authors: Wagemann K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBioraffinerien bieten ein großes Potenzial zur ökonomisch attraktiven Verwertung von Biomasse, es sind aber zum Teil noch wichtige Fragen bezüglich der Umsetzung ungelöst. Verschiedene, aktuelle Konzepte für Bioraffinerien werden kurz vorgestellt.
A Theoretical Study on Chapman Rearrangement
Authors: Noorizadeh Siamak , Ozhand Ameneh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSome Chapman rearrangements are investigated using HF and B3LYP methods combined with two different basis sets (6‐31G** and 6‐31++G**) and both finite difference model and Janak's approximation. It is shown that although minimum polarizability (MPP) and maximum hardness (MHP) principles are always valid in these reactions, minimum electrophilicity principle (MEP) is followed just when DFT method (B3LYP) is used. The Morrel's rules are also successfully applied in predicting the validity of MEP in these rearrangements. Therefore, it seems that in the study of this kind of reaction, the results of DFT are more reliable than those of HF.
A Density Functional Investigation of Fluorinated B12N12 Clusters
Authors: Wang Hong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDensity functional calculations have been carried out on a series of fluorinated B12N12 molecules. The fluorine atoms are more prone to absorb on the boron atoms than the nitrogen atoms in B12N12. The 1,3 addition is an energetically favorable adsorption site in one‐fluorine‐molecule adsorption. We found that the average bond energy of fluorine molecule is decreased with n increasing, but significantly larger than that of B12N12F. The energy gap of B12N12 is controllable by introducing fluorine molecules. Moreover, calculation of the Gibbs free energy of the B12N12+12F2→B12N12F24 reaction showed that this reaction is exothermic at low temperatures.
Determination of Solvatochromic Regression Coefficients for the Molybdenum(VI) Complex with Ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐diacetic Acid by Using Kamlet‐Abboud‐Taft Equation
Authors: Majlesi Kavosh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Solver, Microsoft Excel 2000 powerful optimization package, has been used to perform non‐linear least‐squares curve fitting on the basis of Gauss‐Newton method for the calculation of solvatochromic regression coefficients for the complexation of molybdenum(VI) with ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐diacetic acid and dissociation constants at 25°C and constant ionic strength 0.1 mol·L−1 sodium perchlorate in different aqueous solutions of methanol. A combination of potentiometric and UV spectrophotometric methods have been used for experimental studies. Non specific and specific solute‐solvent interactions were interpreted by correlating the equilibrium data with solvent parameters using the Kamlet‐Abboud‐Taft solvatochromic equation. Finally the influence of the solvent on the stability of the complex was discussed on the basis of the correlation results and the contribution of α (hydrogen‐bond donor acidity), β (hydrogen‐bond acceptor basicity) and π* (dipolarity/polarizability) parameters.
Gallium(III) Iodide‐catalyzed Biginelli‐type Reaction Under Solvent‐free Conditions: Efficient Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives
Authors: Li Dapeng , Mao Haifeng , An Litao , Zhao Zhihao , Zou Jianping 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Biginelli‐type condensation of ethyl acetoacetate/cycloketone, aldehyde and urea/thiourea under solvent‐free condition catalyzed by 10% gallium(III) iodide to form dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one derivatives was described. This process offered one way to constructing dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐ones in good to excellent yields with simple procedure and short reaction time.
Nonparametric likelihood and doubly robust estimating equations for marginal and nested structural models
Authors: Tan Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article considers Robins's marginal and nested structural models in the cross‐sectional setting and develops likelihood and regression estimators. First, a nonparametric likelihood method is proposed by retaining a finite subset of all inherent and modelling constraints on the joint distributions of potential outcomes and covariates under a correctly specified propensity score model. A profile likelihood is derived by maximizing the nonparametric likelihood over these joint distributions subject to the retained constraints. The maximum likelihood estimator is intrinsically efficient based on the retained constraints and weakly locally efficient. Second, two regression estimators, named hat and tilde, are derived as first‐order approximations to the likelihood estimator under the propensity score model. The tilde regression estimator is intrinsically and weakly locally efficient and doubly robust. The methods are illustrated by data analysis for an observational study on right heart catheterization. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 609–632; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada
Acute and chronic effect of copper on levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione and nutrient uptake of tomato plants
Authors: Garrido Tatiana , Mendoza Jorge , Riveros Raúl , Sáez Luis 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhytotoxicity due to copper (Cu) is generally associated with visible symptoms such as a decrease in plant shoot and root growth and chlorosis. The application of low levels of Cu or plant exposure to the metal for short periods can affect several cell processes, involving changes in the levels of metabolites related to the plant antioxidative response. The purpose of this study was to compare the response of the reduced and oxidized glutathione system and Cu uptake in tomato plants exposed to phytotoxic levels of Cu in hydroponic culture. Attention was centered on establishing whether determination of the levels of both peptides in plants exposed for a short period of time (acute treatment) compared with exposure for an extended period (chronic treatment) could be used as an early indicator of Cu stress in tomato plants. For the acute treatment, the plants were exposed to 0.4, 9, and 36 μM Cu for 48 h, and for the chronic treatment to 0.4, 3, and 12 μM Cu for 28 d. Results indicate that plants subjected to the chronic treatment showed toxicity symptoms, among them chlorosis and a drastic decrease of the aerial part and root biomass, an effect that was not observed in the plants subjected to the acute treatment. Moreover, Cu applied to the plant, either in the acute or in the chronic treatment, modified the levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione in shoots and roots. The most noticeable effect was observed on the concentration of reduced glutathione in roots, where the concentration of this peptide decreased as the Cu concentration increased, and this effect was independent of the morphological changes undergone by the root and of the time of Cu application. The similarity of the responses to the acute and the chronic treatments indicates that assessment of the redox state of glutathione in the roots of plants exposed to copper, especially the change in levels of reduced glutathione, may represent a good indicator of the early plant response to stress due to excessive Cu supply.
Removal of short‐range‐order minerals prior to grain‐size analysis of volcanic ash soils
Authors: Velescu Andre , Meßmer Tobias , Scholten Thomas , Kühn Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIncomplete dispersion of aggregates is a well‐known difficulty when analyzing soil texture of Andosols, particularly if no fresh soil material is available. To facilitate such investigations, several dispersion procedures were carried out on air‐dried samples rich in short‐range‐order minerals, originating from selected Andosol profiles (S Mexico). As a result, we propose an improved method based on a sequential chemical treatment with K oxalate, NH4 oxalate, and oxalic acid that reliably removes cementing agents and allows for a stable dispersion of soil particles after addition of Na pyrophosphate. This method was proved to be well reproducible and highly reliable for routine grain‐size determinations. The potential error caused by the inherent risk of dissolving primary minerals or fresh volcanic glass remains far beyond the analytical error resulting from the incomplete and irreproducible dispersion of highly resistant aggregates by other commonly used techniques.
Improved particle‐packed HPLC/MS microchips for proteomic analysis
Authors: Trusch Maria , Ehlert Steffen , Bertsch Andreas , Kohlbacher Oliver , Hildebrand Diana , Schlüter Hartmut , Tallarek Ulrich 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe influence of packing process parameters (packing pressure, application of ultrasound) and the stationary phase particle size (3.5 and 5 μm) on the chromatographic performance of HPLC/MS chips was systematically investigated for proteomic samples. First, reproducibility and detection limits of the separation were evaluated with a low‐complexity sample of tryptic BSA peptides. The influence of adsorbent packing quality on protein identification was then tested with a typical proteomics sample of high complexity, a human plasma protein fraction (Cohn fraction IV‐4). All HPLC/MS chips provided highly reproducible separations of these proteomic samples, but improved packing conditions and smaller particle sizes resulted in chromatograms with narrower peaks and correspondingly higher signal intensities. Improved separation performance increased the peak capacity, the number of identified peptides, and thus the sequence coverage in the proteomic samples, particularly for low sample amounts.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease presenting as bulbar palsy
Authors: Mittal Manoj , Hammond Nancy , Husmann Kathrin , Lele Abhijit , Pasnoor Mamatha 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCreutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a degenerative neurological disorder caused by a prion protein. The diagnosis may be challenging in unusual early presentations. A bulbar symptom as the initial complaint is a rare presentation for CJD, with only a few reports so far. These patients can be misdiagnosed with motor neuron disease or the Miller Fisher variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome. We describe a 69‐year‐old woman with CJD who presented with bulbar symptoms at the onset. Muscle Nerve 42: 833–835, 2010
Microwave‐assisted nitroxide‐mediated polymerization for water‐soluble homopolymers and block copolymers synthesis in homogeneous aqueous solution
Authors: Rigolini Julien , Grassl Bruno , Reynaud Stéphanie , Billon Laurent 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe performed a critical reinvestigation of microwave enhancement of nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) of acrylamide (AM) in aqueous media in the dynamic (DYN) mode with a combination of a conventional hydrosoluble radical initiator and a β‐phosphonylated nitroxide (SG1). Based on the results of our previous work, a complementary series of polymerization reactions was carried out between 130 and 160 °C using only the DYN mode to ascertain the existence of a microwave effect. The polymer conversion (p), molar masses, polydispersity index, and viscosity of each sample were measured. The temperature was monitored inside and outside of the vessel using an optical fiber sensor and an IR sensor, respectively. Microwave enhancement of polymerization, temperature control and viscosity of the reaction media were closely related. We also furthered the field of hydrophilic AB diblock copolymer synthesis using a tertiary SG1‐based macroalkoxyamine and directly synthesized both poly(acrylamide‐b‐sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate), a neutral‐b‐anionic diblock copolymer, and poly(acrylamide‐b‐3‐dimethyl(methacrylamidopropyl)ammonium propanesulfonate), a neutral‐b‐zwitterionic diblock copolymer, in homogeneous aqueous media. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of fatty acid derived monomers
Authors: Mutlu Hatice , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of fatty acid functionalized norbornenes was explored in the presence of dichloro[1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐2‐imidazolidinylidene](benzylidene)bis(3‐bromopyridine)ruthenium(II) (C3) at room temperature. The investigated monomers were derived from fatty acids with different chain lengths (C6, C8, C10, C12, C14, C16, and C18) and can therefore contribute to the development of more sustainable, bio‐based polymeric materials. The polymerizations initiated by C3 proceeded in a living fashion with good initiation efficiency, and thus the synthesis of well‐defined polymers with narrow polydispersities was accomplished. All prepared polymers were fully characterized (GPC, DSC, TGA, NMR) and the results of these investigations are discussed within this contribution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Charge‐transfer transitions and optic spectra of chromites: A model computation
Authors: Zenkov Andrei V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the cluster approach, we consider the peculiarities of charge‐transfer (CT) states and CT O 2p → Cr 3d transitions in the octahedral (CrO6)9− complex. We have computed the reduced matrix elements of electric‐dipole transition operator on many‐electron wave functions — the initial and final states of CT transitions. We have parameterized the obtained results and computed the relative intensities of various allowed CT transitions in the absence of the mixing of CT configurations having the same symmetry. Using the Tanabe‐Sugano technique, we have taken into account this mixing and obtained the energies of many‐electron CT transitions and their actual intensities as well. We have also allowed for the Coulomb interaction between the 2p‐electrons of the O2− ligands and the 3d‐electrons of the central Cr3+ ion in the (CrO6)9− cluster. This interaction proved insignificant for the optic spectra. Modeling the optic spectrum of chromium‐based oxides has yielded a complicated CT band consisting of 33 lines with the main maximum at about 7 eV and satellites in the range of 4–5 and 8–9 eV. The total extent of the CT band is about 8 eV. The model spectrum is in satisfactory agreement with experimental data, which shows the limited validity of the generally accepted notion of a simple structure of CT spectra. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Primary surgery for oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Udoff Ross A. , Elam Jackson C. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVEThe development of new techniques for transoral resection has led to a renewed interest in primary surgical treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (SCCA). We reviewed our experience with primary surgery for oropharyngeal SCCA to identify factors associated with survival.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSPatients who underwent primary surgical treatment of oropharyngeal SCCA from 1985 to 2002 were analyzed. Patients who failed nonoperative treatment or had distant metastases at presentation were excluded.RESULTSA total of 105 patients met study criteria. The majority of patients (91%) had advanced stage disease (III/IV). All patients received postoperative radiation; chemotherapy was used in eight patients. Five‐year disease‐free survival was 83 percent for stage I, 67 percent for stage II, 56 percent for stage III, and 43 percent for stage IV disease. Crude local control rates were 94 percent for T1 disease, 90 percent for T2 disease, 81 percent for T3 disease, and 80 percent for T4 disease; crude regional control rates were 100 percent for N0 disease, 90 percent for N1 disease, 84 percent for N2 disease, and 82 percent for N3 disease. Cox proportional hazards models revealed that nodal stage (hazard ratio [HR] 2.3,P= 0.02) and black race (HR 2.6,P= 0.004) were the only significant predictors of disease‐free survival.CONCLUSION: Primary surgical treatment of oropharyngeal SCCA is effective in achieving excellent locoregional control and permits deintensification of adjuvant therapy, even in patients with advanced stage disease. Nodal status and race are the primary determinants of disease‐free survival. These data provide useful information for counseling and treatment planning.
Immunologic response to fungus is not universally associated with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ponikau Jens U. , Sherris David A. , Kern Eugene B. 
Published: November 2010

In the December 2009 issue of this journal, Orlandi et al presented a study in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients (5 from Texas, 5 from Utah) and seven nonhealthy controls were stimulated with fungal extracts. Despite the small numbers, they confirmed important aspects of previous studies: 1) CRS patients' PBMCs react to certain fungal stimuli by producing significantly (P < 0.05) higher amounts of interleukin (IL)‐5 and IL‐13 when compared to controls; 2) CRS patients have an enhanced humoral response (significantly elevated immunoglobulin [Ig] G levels to Alternaria); and 3) CRS patients react independently from an IgE‐mediated allergy, as evidenced by that fact that nonallergic CRS patients also produced IL‐5 in response to fungal stimuli. Unfortunately, the authors chose not to highlight their positive results. They emphasized what they failed to demonstrate, specifically an immune response to fungi above a certain threshold in some patients (Utah) with milder CRS. However, these results are potentially explained by the different methods used, and care should be applied when interpreting their results.
Tongan Chiefly Language: The Formation of an Honorific Speech Register
Authors: Haugen Jason D. , Philips Susan U. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper we examine the formation over time of a lexical honorific speech register, Tonganlea faka'eiki, or ‘chiefly language’. Use of the comparative historical method enables us to consider honorific register formation within a framework of greater temporal and spatial scope that has been typical for studies of register formation, and to identify some properties of such formation that have not been documented before. Our evidence shows that the higher and lower levels of honorification in this speech register have been formed at different times and through predominantly different etymological processes, even as they draw on the same broader set of word formation processes. In recorded speech, the differences between the sources of the two sub-registers are even more pronounced, preserving and reproducing the historical differences in their formation.*