bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All the King’s Horses and All the King’s Men
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Henry Murray's approach to laboratory studies of individual lives. The goal was to condense the story of a person's life into another story, a psychological narrative that dealt with a person's inner reality, which can be referred to as psychobiography. Secure in his knowledge of science and its limitations, Murray was forthright about there being a component of artistry involved in writing psychological narratives. He insisted, however, that narratives be written as part of a joint venture with input from a team of researchers that constituted what became known as a “diagnostic council”. The diagnostic council was one of the ways Murray endeavored to control for a very serious problem in writing psychobiographies. People who study the lives and stories of other people have stories and lives of their own. Just as the target of an investigation may not be fully conscious of the effects of his or her subjective experiences on the stories he or she tells, the investigator may not be able to place a rein on the influence of his or her own non-conscious issues and conflicts in the process of reading and interpreting another person's life. Murray's safeguard against the unknowing infiltration (he called it “projection”) of an investigator's own psychological dynamics into the life of the subject under the pretext of objectivity was the diagnostic council whose members served the function of all the king's horses and all the king's men, making suggestions and taking positions, and struggling to agree about which piece went where in the psychological design of the person.
Freud on Da Vinci: The Rocky Road of Psychobiographic Investigations
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Freud wrote about dreams and fantasies of flight on at least two occasions, and in both instances he arrived at the same conclusion: images of flight in dreams and in daytime fantasies are to be understood as deflected expressions of sexual impulses. The latent meaning carried by manifest images of flying, for males anyway, is the desire for sex. Freud's position was that fantasies of levitation and interests in flight are formed and sustained as sublimated expressions of sexual instincts whose normal channels have been blocked. Sexual instincts, of course, would prefer more direct outlets. But when anxiety gets in the way, or when a person is confused about the raw nature of his or her desires, fantasies of floating above the ground or soaring through space provide at least partial release of primitive forces. This chapter presents Freud's application of his diverted sex-drive theory of imaginary flight to the life and works of Leonardo Da Vinci. In the process of considering Freud's case study of one of the world's most famous artists who aspired to fly, examples will arise of the problem with psychobiographic investigations mentioned earlier: the risk of biographers observing in others what may be more true of themselves.
He Played until His Mother Looked Happy
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter focuses on J. M. Barrie's childhood. Jamie Barrie was born in 1860 in a small cottage in Kirriemuir, Scotland. For his first three years, Jamie was the youngest of seven living children. In 1866, his brother David, seven years older than little Jamie and barely known to him, was killed in a skating accident. His mother, Margaret Ogilvy never recovered from the tragedy. Over the ensuing days, weeks, and months (lifetime one could say), Jamie spent much of his time trying to make his mother forget about David. Both Margaret and Jamie discovered a way to periodically escape the emotional turmoil that had been triggered by the family tragedy. Throughout the many days that Jamie spent at his mother's bedside, an opening into a conversational safety zone emerged that involved Margaret reminiscing about her childhood.
What Can I Do to Be Forever Known?
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter focuses on J. M. Barrie and how the stories related by his mother, Margaret Ogilvy, over several years, provided him with ideas that he would subsequently use as an initial answer to his question “What can I do to be forever known?” They escalated the career of a young, hardworking and often witty journalist to that of an author of books which brought him early fame.
Attachment and Separation
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The study of J. M. Barrie brings us face to face with an issue that confronts all human beings and is more problematic for some than for others. The matter involves the question of how can one be embedded in relationships (that is, connected with others) and construct a sense of identity that, in some respects, is independent of one's relationships. This chapter introduces some ideas pertaining to attachment and separation in a way that provides a general platform for the remaining chapters in part II. The accept me/reject me balancing act that Barrie perfected with Margaret throughout his childhood continued to be played out during his adult years. Freud's concept of “repetition compulsion” can be applied to this phenomenon if we think of such compulsions in terms of repeating variations of general patterns of behavior instead of replicating specific actions. These patterns are not random. Instead, they can be thought of as being guided by scripts. The elements of Silvan Tomkins' script theory are discussed.
Stern’s Outside-In Theory of Self-Development
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
There is a commonly held notion that infants begin life in a state of symbiotic fusion with the mother and that in many other ways they lack the ability to differentiate themselves from their surroundings. Daniel Stern disagrees. He observes that shortly after birth, infants show clear evidence of possessing a self in the making. He refers to it as the emergent self. Although it operates outside of awareness, Stern describes it as willful, coherent, and bounded. One can witness its presence when a baby shows preferences, actively seeks visual and auditory stimulation, attends to changes in its environment, and demonstrates mastery of simple cause-and-effect relationships. This chapter discusses Stern's theory in more detail.
What’s Missing from this Picture?
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Both J. M. Barrie and Carl Jung, at critical times in their development, experienced such traumatic discrepancies between their internal self-with-mother representations and what reality suddenly presented them that they scrambled to somehow restore conditions (or cues) that had previously evoked a sense of (subjective) self-continuity and thereby calm disturbances in their internal milieus. In both cases, the most familiar, prominent, and reassuring cue associated with core self safety was the mother. Restorative efforts were required on the parts of both young boys, and Jung had to look outside his home. Chapter 17 described three restorative strategies. One is to endeavor to get the external world to adjust itself in ways that conform to one's internal pictures of a safe environment. J. M. Barrie specialized in that choice. Another avenue for restoring earlier conditions of intersubjective harmony involves giving up all hope of getting the “real world” to behave itself and instead inventing an “imaginary world” that would do the trick. Carl Jung selected that path. A third option, one that is not necessarily independent of the other two, is based on the non-conscious fantasy that if one were to succeed in recreating the feelings of earlier sensations of oneness, new life would magically be brought to the imprints etched into working models of former glorious times. This chapter begins with a discussion of the first strategy: the attempt to modify features of the external world in ways that fit previously encoded internal pictures.
A Case for Case Studies
Authors: Ogilvie Daniel M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter discusses the affiliation of personality psychology with social psychology. It argues that personality psychology is in danger of getting stuck with traits. Trait measurement became personality psychologists' solution to accusations of being artists in the midst of serious scientists. However, there is a finite “amount of truth” to be discovered about the human psyche, and most of those truths may already be known. If that is the case, the remaining days of both social and personality psychology will be played out with researchers trying to find exceptions to general principles and designing research on these specialized topics so as to draw sufficient attention to maintain a dwindling number of careers.
In the Care of Strangers
Authors: Weick Ann 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of the meanings of care, the increasing development of non-family-based systems of care, the nature of social care, and communities of care. It argues that as community-focused initiatives continue, it will be necessary to draw from social work's traditions and understandings a clearer evaluation of the profession's own assets and potential for growth. At what may be optimistically called the eve of a paradigm shift from systems of treatment to communities of care, it will be important to recognize the factors in current social work practice that limit creativity and stunt the capacity for thinking outside the box. Central to this is a searching assessment of beliefs about social work expertise. To the extent that the profession searches for and aligns itself with approaches that appear to make social workers experts on the lives and troubles of others, it will maintain its preoccupation with professional status and role-narrowing self-definitions.
Family and Network Therapy Training for a System of Care
Authors: Olson Mary E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter presents a training curriculum that has been taught as an advanced master's-level course at a graduate school of social work. Parts of this curriculum have been the basis of presentations to community agencies and hospitals, and of postgraduate workshops and courses. Some of the material was developed originally in collaboration with Carlos Sluzki MD, and other senior faculty at the Family Center of the Berkshires, during the years 1990-1995. This curriculum has been used successfully in a variety of settings and with trainees from a variety of clinical disciplines, including social work, psychology, psychiatry, nursing, and family medicine.
Evaluating Community-Based Clinical Practice
Authors: Dore Martha Morrison , Lightburn Anita 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The evaluation of social programs and clinical practice has become an essential component of collective efforts to solve, ameliorate, or prevent the problems and difficulties that negatively impact communities and erode the lives of the people living in them. Indeed, the evaluation enterprise now wears multiple hats: (1) as facilitator in the development and implementation of new programs and services; (2) as a key source of understanding and direction in the revision of established programs; and (3) as the identifier, interpreter, and disseminator of program results. This chapter presents a constructivist approach to evaluation that honors the principles of community-based clinical practice. This approach is the context for the three broadly defined roles of evaluation just described. A model is presented that is synchronous with these principles. The goal is to enable those involved in implementing community-based clinical practice models to view evaluation as an essential tool in building their programs and practice.
The Network Context of Network Therapy
Authors: Andersen Tom 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The network of mental health teams providing alternative, community-based psychotherapeutic interventions was first started in the north of Norway in the late 1960s and blended in 1988 with a similar network in the north of Finland that had started in the very early 1980s. Therapists from northern Sweden joined the northern Norwegians in 1988 and became part of their training program. From this northern Nordic network a larger network has emerged, including groups from eight countries: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, and Sweden. All want to develop alternative psychotherapeutic practices when psychotic crises occur, and share an interest in the principles of “open talks” and “network therapy.” This chapter outlines the history of the Nordic northern network. Basic principles for the practice of Open Talks in the network, particularly those that integrate reflecting team practices; the organization of such practices; and the corresponding philosophies, are described. A training program for northern Sweden and northern Norway that corresponds to these practices and philosophy is also discussed.
Working With High-Risk Children and Families in Their Own Homes
Authors: Adnopoz Jean A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The family has long been recognized as the most effective, long-term institution for raising children. Adequately functioning families socialize children, transmit intergenerational values and beliefs, and provide a place of refuge from the challenges of the outside world. In cases where parental functioning is impaired and the family environment is chaotic, taking the child out of home for treatment either in traditional outpatient care or by temporarily removing him or her to a different, unfamiliar setting may fail to address the underlying systemic issues that affect the child's sense of self and ability to function autonomously. This chapter describes some of the characteristics of families for whom the home may be a preferred treatment site, reviews some of the literature on home-based preventive and intervention programs for high-risk children, and provides specific case examples drawn from both a family preservation program and a psychiatric service for children and adolescents with severe emotional disturbances, which are delivered in the child and family's home.
The Ecology of Intensive Community-Based Intervention
Authors: Lyman D. Russell , Toledo Borja Alvarez de 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter presents a case study for practitioners in intensive community-based family work. The story of the Vega family helps describe the roots, program development, and strategic clinical techniques of a service designed to maintain children who have experienced or are at risk of hospitalization or residential care. The aim is twofold. First, as program developers, the authors describe the roots of their model and how it can be constructed, supported, and implemented clinically. Second, as clinicians they seek to move beyond basic principles to describe some of the approaches they have refined over years of working with severely challenged families. These include ecological assessment, the art of intensive case management and metasystemic family work, contingency planning for urgent intervention, and assisting families in making transitions in care. With the Vegas' help, the chapter also illustrates how this work can be carried out through grassroots work by a relatively small community-based agency.
Police–Mental Health Collaboration on Behalf of Children Exposed to Violence
Authors: Marans Steven , Berkman Miriam 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The Child Development-Community Policing program (CDCP) is an innovative collaboration between police and child mental health professionals that aims to co-ordinate clinical approaches to intervention for children exposed to or involved in violence with police activities that contain the external sources of danger in the child's world. This chapter describes the theory and practice of CDCP and the impact of this unusual interdisciplinary partnership on the delivery of policing, mental health, and other social services for children and families exposed to violence and trauma.
It Takes a Community to Help an Adolescent
Authors: Berger Roni 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter argues that immigrants' need for mental health services can most effectively be met by community-based services that respect and integrate aspects of their culture of origin. The chapter includes three sections. First, unique characteristics of adolescent immigrants and their special needs are reviewed and illustrated. The second section reviews hallmarks of community-based practice, discusses and illustrates principles generated from successful community-based mental health services for adolescent immigrants, and argues why such services are better equipped than traditional services to meet their needs. The focus is on what proved helpful and how it can be done. Finally, the third section presents one example of a community-based mental health service.
Gjakova
Authors: Pulleyblank-Coffey Ellen , Griffith James , Ulaj Jusuf 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter describes the first community mental health center opened in Gjakova, Kosovo in 2001, following 10 years of conflict in the region from 1989 to 1999. The design and training for the services at the Gjakova Center for Mental Health grew out of an ongoing collaboration between U.S. and Kosovar mental health professionals, known as the Kosovar Family Professional Education Collaboration (KFPEC). Since 1999, the work of the KFPEC has supported the development of a family-focused community mental health system in Kosova, the center in Gjakova being the first of seven planned community mental health centers.
Critical Incident Debriefings and Community-Based Clinical Care
Authors: Miller Joshua 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Critical Incident Stress De-briefing (CISD) has emerged as an intervention in response to disasters. It is a structured group process for survivors and victims of disasters and other trauma-inducing events. De-briefings are usually considered part of a larger system of crisis responses to “critical incidents” known as Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM), which include more immediate responses known as “defusings,” briefings for management, and individual crisis intervention. CISD and CISM are community-based interventions and often rely on a peer or volunteer model of responders and facilitators. This chapter focuses on debriefings, the most widely used crisis intervention service in response to disasters. It describes what de-briefings are, summarizes research about their effectiveness, and considers how they are an essential component of a community-based system of clinical care.
Child Protection in America
Authors: Myers John E. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Child abuse and neglect are serious social problems. Preventing maltreatment from occurring and, when prevention fails, intervening to protect children, are vital concerns for policy makers, the public, and professionals in social work, mental health, medicine, nursing, law enforcement, and law. Millions of dollars are spent on the child protection system. Yet, maltreatment continues. To appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of today's child protection system, it is important to understand the historical development of child protection. Part I traces the history of child protection in America from colonial times to the present. With the history in place, Part II begins with an analysis of the numerous causes of child abuse and neglect. Once the causes of maltreatment are revealed, the discussion shifts to roadblocks to reducing maltreatment. Despite roadblocks, progress is possible, and Part II outlines broad strategies for reducing the amount of maltreatment. The book ends with specific recommendations to improve the child protection system, including proposals to strengthen foster care and reform the juvenile court.
Child Protection From 1900 To 1962
Authors: Myers John E. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Child protection in the 20th century can be divided into two periods, one before 1962 and one following. This chapter chronicles developments prior to 1962, including the emergence of social work as a profession, the settlement movement on behalf of the poor, the child guidance movement, the pivotal 1909 White House Conference on the Care of Dependent Children, and the birth in 1912 of the U.S. Children's Bureau. It describes the continuing debate over orphanage care versus foster care for children, and the gradual resolution of the issue in favor of foster care. The juvenile court plays a key role in child protection, and the chapter provides detailed analysis of the emergence of the juvenile court. Finally, the gradual transfer of child protection from non-governmental child protection societies to government-funded and -operated child protection agencies is described. The roots of today's child protection system are clearly traceable to the period prior to 1962.
Child Protection From 1962 to the Present
Authors: Myers John E. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter describes the formation of the modern child protection system. The most critical date in the process was 1962, when pediatrician Henry Kempe and his colleagues published their seminal article describing “The Battered Child Syndrome.” Kempe agitated for a more robust response to child abuse, and became an effective spokesperson for the renaissance of interest in child abuse and neglect in the 1960s and 1970s. The law of every state requires professionals to report suspicions of child abuse to authorities, and this chapter describes the creation of reporting laws in the 1960s. Prior to the 1970s, the federal government played a useful but minor role in child welfare and protection. In 1974, Congress assumed a leadership role with passage of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA). CAPTA was followed by additional federal laws, especially the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, the Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994, and the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. By the 1980s, the government-funded and -operated child protection familiar to us today was in place.
Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Myers John E. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Sexual abuse of children is a common problem. This chapter describes the prevalence and harmful effects of sexual abuse. It traces the long tradition of skepticism about women and children who alleged sexual assault. Despite skepticism in pre-1970 professional writing, efforts were made to protect children from sexual abuse, and these early efforts are described. In the late 1970s, sexual abuse emerged as a major social issue, spurred by groundbreaking research by David Finkelhor, Vincent DeFrancis, and Diana Russell. This chapter ends with discussion of two late 20th century phenomena that baffled experts and captivated the public: sexual abuse in preschools and allegations of widespread ritual abuse of children.
Reducing Abuse And Neglect
Authors: Myers John E. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
There is no magic wand to wave over child abuse; no quick fix to this tragic reality. Yet, progress is possible, and this chapter describes broad structural changes that will reduce child abuse and neglect. Little progress is possible so long as poverty remains common, and the chapter grapples with this issue. A development that holds promise for reducing maltreatment is home health-visiting for babies and young children, and research on home visiting programs is described. The chapter discusses the importance of rebuilding a sense of community, and proposes the outlawing of corporal punishment. It is argued that a great deal of serious and fatal child abuse results from corporal punishment that gets out of control. Corporal punishment is unnecessary to raise healthy, obedient children, and banning corporal punishment will substantially reduce physical abuse. Thirteen nations have banned corporal punishment, and it is time for America to adopt this enlightened approach.