bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different effects of 24 dietary intakes on gastroesophageal reflux disease: A mendelian randomization
Authors: Liu Yu-Xin , Yang Wen-Tao , Li Yang 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
In observational studies, dietary intakes are associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
AIM
To conduct a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine whether those associations are causal.
METHODS
To explore the relationship between dietary intake and the risk of GERD, we extracted appropriate single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association study data on 24 dietary intakes. Three methods were adopted for data analysis: Inverse variance weighting, weighted median methods, and MR-Egger's method. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the causal association between dietary intake and GERD.
RESULTS
Our univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR) results showed significant evidence that pork intake (OR, 2.83; 95%CI: 1.76-4.55; P = 1.84 × 10–5), beer intake (OR, 2.70, 95%CI: 2.00-3.64; P = 6.54 × 10–11), non-oily fish intake (OR, 2.41; 95%CI: 1.49-3.91; P = 3.59 × 10–4) have a protective effect on GERD. In addition, dried fruit intake (OR, 0.37; 95%CI: 0.27-0.50; 6.27 × 10–11), red wine intake (OR, 0.34; 95%CI: 0.25-0.47; P = 1.90 × 10-11), cheese intake (OR, 0.46; 95%CI: 0.39-0.55; P =3.73 × 10-19), bread intake (OR, 0.72; 95%CI: 0.56-0.92; P = 0.0009) and cereal intake (OR, 0.45; 95%CI: 0.36-0.57; P = 2.07 × 10-11) were negatively associated with the risk of GERD. There was a suggestive association for genetically predicted coffee intake (OR per one SD increase, 1.22, 95%CI: 1.03-1.44; P = 0.019). Multivariate Mendelian randomization further confirmed that dried fruit intake, red wine intake, cheese intake, and cereal intake directly affected GERD. In contrast, the impact of pork intake, beer intake, non-oily fish intake, and bread intake on GERD was partly driven by the common risk factors for GERD. However, after adjusting for all four elements, there was no longer a suggestive association between coffee intake and GERD.
CONCLUSION
This study provides MR evidence to support the causal relationship between a broad range of dietary intake and GERD, providing new insights for the treatment and prevention of GERD.
Clinical review and literature analysis of hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma in alcoholic cirrhosis: A case report
Authors: Guo Jing-Qiang , Zhou Jia-Hui , Zhang Kun , Lv Xin-Liang , Tu Chao-Yong 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma (HEA) has a low incidence and both clinical manifestations and imaging lack specificity. Thus, it is easy to misdiagnose HEA as other tumors of the liver, especially in the presence of liver diseases such as hepatitis cirrhosis. This article reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HEA and alcoholic cirrhosis, and analyzed the literature, in order to improve the understanding of this disease.
CASE SUMMARY
A 67-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted due to the discovery of a space-occupying lesion in the liver. Based on the patient’s history, laboratory examinations, and imaging examinations, a malignant liver tumor was considered and laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed. Postoperative pathology showed HEA. During outpatient follow-up, the patient showed no sign of recurrence.
CONCLUSION
HEA is difficult to make a definite diagnosis before surgery. HEA has the potential for malignant degeneration. If conditions permit, surgical treatment is recommended.
Maternal care utilization and provision during the COVID-19 pandemic: Voices from minoritized pregnant and postpartum women and maternal care providers in Deep South
Authors: Zhang Ran , Byrd Tiffany , Qiao Shan , Torres Myriam E. , Li Xiaoming , Liu Jihong 
Published: April 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected maternal care services especially for minoritized individuals, creating challenges for both service users (i.e., African American and Hispanic pregnant/postpartum women) and maternal care providers (MCPs). Guided by a socioecological framework, this study aims to investigate the experiences of African American and Hispanic pregnant and postpartum women, as well as MCPs, in accessing and providing maternal care services during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Deep South.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 African American women, 20 Hispanic women, and 9 MCPs between January and August 2022. Participants were recruited from Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics, pediatric clinics, and community health organizations in South Carolina, and all births took place in 2021. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically.

Results
Maternal care utilization and provision were influenced by various factors at different socioecological levels. At the intrapersonal level, women’s personal beliefs, fears, concerns, and stress related to COVID-19 had negative impacts on their experiences. Some women resorted to substance use as a coping strategy or home remedy for pregnancy-induced symptoms. At the interpersonal level, family and social networks played a crucial role in accessing care, and the discontinuation of group-based prenatal care had negative consequences. Participants reported a desire for support groups to alleviate the pressures of pregnancy and provide a platform for shared experiences. Language barriers were identified as an obstacle for Hispanic participants. Community-level impacts, such as availability and access to doulas and community health workers, provided essential information and support, but limitations in accessing doula support and implicit bias were also identified. At the institutional level, mandatory pre-admission COVID-19 testing, visitation restrictions, and reduced patient-MCP interactions were women’s common concerns. Short staffing and inadequate care due to the impact of COVID-19 on the health care workforce were reported, along with anxiety among MCPs about personal protective equipment availability. MCPs emphasized the quality of care was maintained, with changes primarily attributed to safety protocols rather than a decline in care quality.

Conclusion
The pandemic has disrupted maternal care services. To overcome these issues, health facilities should integrate community resources, adopt telehealth, and develop culturally tailored education programs for pregnant and postpartum women. Supporting MCPs with resources will enhance the quality of care and address health disparities in African American and Hispanic women.
Assessing parent-child interaction with deaf and hard of hearing infants aged 0–3 years: An international multi-professional e-Delphi
Authors: Curtin Martina , Cruice Madeline , Morgan Gary , Herman Rosalind 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionMost deaf babies are born to hearing families who do not yet have the skills to communicate effectively with their child. Adaptations to communication are important because the quality of parent-child interaction (PCI) predicts how a deaf child develops language. Teachers of Deaf children and Speech and Language Therapists support families with communication in the home. Currently, there are no assessments that appraise how a parent interacts with their deaf baby. Previous research has identified which parent behaviours and approaches are used in PCI assessments in research and practice. The current paper forms consensus on the core content and best practices of a new PCI tool for deaf children aged 0–3 years.MethodsAn international sample of expert academics and practitioners (n = 83) were recruited to take part in a two-round modified electronic Delphi study. Participants were presented with 69 statements focusing on (i) which parent behaviours were important in assessment (ii) the methods to be used in PCI assessment. Participants rated the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with each statement on a five-point Likert scale and gave comments to support their response. Consensus was defined as>80% of participants rating the statement as a (4) ‘highly important’ or a (5) ‘essential’. If consensus was not reached, participant comments were used to generate new statements which were rated in the second round. This project involved a patient and public involvement (PPI) group of hearing and deaf parents and professionals to design and guide the study.ResultsConsensus was achieved on 52 statements and ranged from 80–99%. A further six statements were additionally included. Within the 58 statements included, 36 were parent behaviours which centred on the parent’s observation of, and response to, their child’s behaviour and/or language. The remaining 22 statements focused on methods used in the assessment such as parents having their PCI filmed, parents having the opportunity to review the video and assess themselves alongside a professional, and parents being involved in subsequent goal setting.ConclusionsThis e-Delphi presented the parent behaviours and methods of assessment to be included in a new PCI tool for deaf children. Future co-production work and acceptability and feasibility testing are discussed.
Factors associated with miscarriage in Nepal: Evidence from Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys, 2001–2016
Authors: Hamal Sharadha , Gurung Yogendra B. , Shrestha Bidhya , Shrestha Prabin , Sapkota Nanda Lal , Shrestha Vijaya Laxmi 
Published: April 2024

Background
Miscarriage is a major public health concern in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nepal. This study aims to examine the factors associated with miscarriage among pregnant women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in the past 15 years.

Methods
There were a total of weighted sample of 26,376 cross-sectional pregnancy data from Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 combined together, which was used in the study. Multilevel logistic regression analysis that adjusted for cluster and survey weights was used to identify factors associated with miscarriage among pregnant women of reproductive age in Nepal.

Results
The results showed that maternal age, contraception, tobacco smoking, wealth index, respondents’ educational status, and, caste/ethnicity were found to be strong factors of miscarriage in Nepal. The likelihood of having a miscarriage among older women (≥40 years) was more than 100% (aOR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.73, 2.59]), among non-users of contraception was 88.9% (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI [1.68, 2.11]) (p<005) and non-smoking women had a 19% lower odds of miscarriage (aOR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.69, 0.95]). Respondents from the richest wealth index had 50% (aOR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.22, 1.85]) higher likelihood of miscarriage. Mothers with only primary education had a 25% higher chance of miscarriage (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.09, 1.44]) compared to those with secondary and higher secondary education. In relation to caste/ethnicity, Dalits had 13% lesser likelihood (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.74, 1.02]) and Janajatis had 26% lower chances of a miscarriage than Brahmin/Chettri (aOR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.64, 0.85]).

Conclusion
Findings from this study show that miscarriages are associated with maternal age, use of contraception, smoking, wealth index, caste, and ethnicity. Interventions aimed to improve use of contraceptives, avoiding smoking and pregnancy planning on the basis of maternal age, are needed to prevent miscarriage. Also, women from Brahmin ethinicity and those with the highest income index require greater attention when it comes to miscarriage prevention strategies in Nepal.
Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with elevated intraocular pressure among apparently healthy adults
Authors: Stanescu Nir , Steinbuch Lioz , Segev Amit , Kovalyuk Natalya , Segev Shlomo , Maor Elad , Segev Fani 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy adults.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 17,990 asymptomatic self-referred adults free of diabetes or cardiovascular disease who were screened in a preventive healthcare setting. All subjects underwent measurement of IOP and completed a maximal exercise stress test according to the Bruce protocol. Fitness was categorized into age and sex-specific quintiles according to the treadmill time and dichotomized to low (lowest quintile) and non-low fitness groups. Elevated IOP was defined as ≥ 21 mmHg.

Results
Median age was 45 (IQR 39–52) years and 12,073 (67%) were men. There were 3,351 (19%) subjects in the low fitness group. Median IOP was 14 mmHg (IQR 12–16) with elevated IOP documented in 188 (1%) subjects. Univariate binary logistic regression model demonstrated that compared with non-low fitness group, subjects in the low fitness group were 2.2 times more likely to have elevated IOP (95% CI 1.598–2.95, p<0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression with adjustment to known cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, hypertension, smoking, overweight, regular physical activity, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and fasting glucose levels) successfully demonstrated that lower fitness was independently and significantly associated with a 90% increased likelihood of elevated IOP (95% CI 1.37–2.61, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association was more pronounced among women compared with men (OR 3.8 vs. 1.6, p for interaction = 0.069).

Conclusions
Low cardiorespiratory fitness is independently associated with increased IOP among apparently healthy adults.
The integration of Artificial Intelligence into the diagnosis and treatment of diseases Current advances and future perspectives in Medicine and Medical Engineering.
Authors: Grunbaum Sergio 
Published: April 2024

The dynamics between physicians and patients are being transformed by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern medicine. The foundation of AI applications in healthcare lies in its ability to process large data sets with exceptional speed and accuracy, surpassing human capabilities. For example, AI systems in radiology can analyze imaging exams in an agile way, identifying patterns that could escape immediate human perception. This deep analysis capacity is contributing to the early detection of conditions such as cancer, potentially enabling faster and more effective therapeutic interventions, with a direct impact on the preservation of lives. Additionally, AI enables more accurate diagnoses, personalization of treatments based on the patient’s genetic profile and mitigation of errors induced by fatigue or other human factors.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine is driven by algorithms and machine learning. These systems learn from health data to continually improve the accuracy of their analysis. Not only do they identify patterns in health conditions, but they can also anticipate possible complications, thus contributing to disease prevention and facilitating informed clinical decision-making. These capabilities range from predicting epidemiological outbreaks to robotic surgical assistance and developing personalized treatments based on data-driven medicine.
Diagnostic methods are being redefined by technological advances, which is resulting in increased accuracy and reliability of results. AI plays a crucial role in this transformation, offering tools that assist in the early detection of diseases, a fundamental aspect for the success of treatments. The ability to process medical images in high resolution and recognize complex patterns is one of the most significant achievements of AI, enabling more accurate diagnostics and positively influencing both medical practice and biomedical engineering.
AI has revolutionized medicine and medical engineering by redefining diagnostics and treatments to provide more accurate and efficient healthcare in recent years. AI’s ability to analyze large volumes of data and identify complex patterns drives innovative discoveries, especially in medical diagnosis. With machine learning algorithms trained in vast clinical datasets, AI demonstrates astonishing accuracy in early and accurate detection of abnormalities in medical images such as x-rays and MRIs. This increases the chances of successful treatment and improves clinical outcomes. In addition, AI transforms disease treatment by offering personalized and adaptive approaches, with clinical decision support systems that recommend specific treatments for each patient, promoting more accurate and efficient medicine.
Optimization of Cadmium Removal Using Tetraethylene Glycol-Modified Silica-Based Adsorbent via Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Linda Roza , Abdullah Abdullah , Daud Afrianto , Indriyani Lisa Aprilia , Purwaningsih Henny , Rafi Mohamad , Lim Lee Wah 
Published: April 2024

In solid-phase extraction for preconcentration, silica (Si) is the most commonly used as an adsorbent. However, the selectivity and effectiveness of silica gel adsorption on metal ions are low, so it needs to be modified to improve the adsorption capability. The modification was done using reflux and oven heating in the modification silica with 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and tetraethylene glycol (TEG). A central composite design batch process determined the optimum conditions for cadmium adsorption. TEG-modified silica was successfully synthesized and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and elemental analyzers. Peaks of C-H and epoxy on FTIR spectra showed that Si- GPTMS was formed. The increase of %C and %H from the first to the second step indicated that Si-TEG was successfully synthesized. There was no significant difference in silica particle morphology on SEM before and after modification. The reflux method gave a higher yield compared to the heating method. The constant stirring by the magnetic bar and solvent cycle in the reflux method catalyzed the reaction. This study found that at pH 7, 30 mg of adsorbent weight at 35°C and 22 minutes of contact time were optimum Cd2+ adsorption conditions. As the weight of the adsorbent increases, the adsorption capacity decreases. Contact time and temperature have no significant effect on Cd adsorption by Si-TEG.
A degenerate migration-consumption model in domains of arbitrary dimension
Authors: Winkler Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In a smoothly bounded convex domain

Ω
⊂

R

n

${\Omega}\subset {\mathbb{R}}^{n}$

with n ≥ 1, a no-flux initial-boundary value problem for

u

t

=
Δ

u
ϕ

(

v

)

,

v

t

=
Δ
v
−
u
v
,

$$\begin{cases}_{t}={\Delta}\left(u\phi \left(v\right)\right),\quad \hfill \\ {v}_{t}={\Delta}v-uv,\quad \hfill \end{cases}$$

is considered under the assumption that near the origin, the function ϕ suitably generalizes the prototype given by

ϕ

(

ξ

)

=

ξ

α

,

ξ
∈

[

0
,

ξ

0

]

.

$$\phi \left(\xi \right)={\xi }^{\alpha },\qquad \xi \in \left[0,{\xi }_{0}\right].$$

By means of separate approaches, it is shown that in both cases α ∈ (0, 1) and α ∈ [1, 2] some global weak solutions exist which, inter alia, satisfy

C

(

T

)

≔

ess sup

t
∈

(

0
,
T

)

∫

Ω

u

(

⋅
,
t

)

ln
⁡
u

(

⋅
,
t

)

<
∞

for all
T
>
0
,

$$C\left(T\right){:=}\underset{t\in \left(0,T\right)}{\text{ess\,sup}}{\int }_{{\Omega}}u\left(\cdot ,t\right)\mathrm{ln}u\left(\cdot ,t\right){< }\infty \qquad \text{for\,all\,}T{ >}0,$$

with sup
T>0
C(T) < ∞ if α ∈ [1, 2].
A new species of marine algae from the Mexican Atlantic based on morphology and molecular data: Gelidium rodrigueziae sp. nov. (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Quiroz-González Nataly , Ponce-Márquez Maria Edith , Aguilar-Estrada Luis Gabriel , Ruiz-Boijseauneau Ivette 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The algae of the genus Gelidium can be found as frequent and abundant inhabitants in the rocky intertidal zone of the Mexican Atlantic. Six species of this genus have been reported in this region, but only Gelidium americanum has been confirmed with morphological and molecular tools, despite how important both tools have proven to be for the group. This research aimed to evaluate the Mexican specimens previously identified as Gelidium through morphological and molecular approaches, using rbcL and COI-5P markers. This study examined 20 specimens found living attached to the shell of a gastropod Stramonita rustica in the mid-high intertidal zone of the Mexican Atlantic and ten specimens found living on rocks. Phylogenetic analyses resolved these specimens to be an independent species closely related to G. gonzalezii, G. yangmeikengense, and G. indonesianum. Genetic distances and morphological information confirmed this. Gelidium rodrigueziae sp. nov. is described as a new species. It is distinguished from its related species by having a simpler branching pattern, a smaller number and size of medullary cells, and the smaller quantity and distribution of restricted internal rhizoid filaments around the medulla.
Phymatolithopsis acervata comb. nov., and P. roseola sp. nov. (Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta) from South Africa with a comment on infraordinal classification
Authors: Maneveldt Gavin W. , Jeong So Young , Hughey Jeffery R. , Gabrielson Paul W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Phymatolithon acervatum is an encrusting, non-geniculate coralline alga from South Africa. While morpho-anatomical details of the species are well documented, no genetic analyses have been performed on P. acervatum. Here, we analyzed rbcL and psbA gene sequences, and they showed that two species were passing under the name Phymatolithon acervatum in South Africa. A partial rbcL sequence from the lectotype of Lithothamnion acervatum, basionym of P. acervatum, showed to which species the specific epithet applies, and furthermore that both species belong in Phymatolithopsis. We transfer Phymatolithon acervatum to Phymatolithopsis, as Phymatolithopsis acervata comb. nov., and propose Phymatolithopsis roseola sp. nov. These species overlap in morpho-anatomy, habitat and distribution and can only be distinguished based on DNA sequences. Previous misinterpretations of conceptacle development are corrected for species of Phymatolithopsis. The main character used to define the family Mesophyllumaceae is shown to have arisen several times in independent lineages in the order Hapalidiales. At present, only one family, Hapalidiaceae, thus merits recognition in the Hapalidiales.
Fetal bladder rupture after high-dose maternal opioid treatment: a case report
Authors: Herken Julia , Uerlings Vincent , Zundel Sabine , Aichner Jonathan , Hodel Markus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Fetal bladder rupture is rare and mainly caused by lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO). Our case report describes a rupture at a gestational age of 31 weeks following high-dose maternal opioid exposure during intensive care treatment. Opioids perturb the interplay of afferent and efferent signals between the bladder, urethra, and the central nervous system (CNS) which is crucial in contributing to urinary retention. They rapidly cross the human placenta, affecting also the fetus. To date, there is no clear proof of the connection between maternal opioid treatment and fetal bladder rupture, but the association seems to strengthen.

Case presentation
A 18-year old first Gravida at 31 weeks of gestation developed a severe sepsis with progressive hypoxic lung failure and need for intubation. During the ICU-treatment, several opioids were administered for sedation and pain relief. Four days after induction of opioid treatment the ultrasound revealed a decompressed fetal bladder, hematoma and significant ascites. Fetal bladder rupture with urinary ascites was suspected. A caesarean section was performed at 33 weeks of gestation due to massive fetal urinary ascites, fetal deterioration and imminent abdominal compartment syndrome. Adequate ventilation and circulation could only be established after percutaneous drainage of 350 mL of abdominal fluid, that was confirmed to be urine. A defect of the bladder was confirmed by ultrasound. On the fifth day of life, the bladder was closed surgically by pediatric surgery.

Conclusions
Growing awareness of the possible connection between maternal opioid therapy and fetal bladder rupture is necessary to plan follow-up ultrasound examinations to assess the fetal situation.