bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered expression of miR‐17‐5p in CD4+ lymphocytes of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Lindberg Raija L. P. , Hoffmann Francine , Mehling Matthias , Kuhle Jens , Kappos Ludwig 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of post‐transcriptional regulators of gene expression targeting mRNA for translational repression and/or degradation. We analyzed the expression of 365 miRNA in lymphocytes in relapsing–remitting MS patients, and show the first evidence for distinct miRNA expression profiles in CD4+, CD8+ and B cells in MS when compared with those in healthy volunteers. MiR‐17‐5p, which is involved in autoimmunity, was up‐regulated in CD4+ cells from MS patients. This was correlated with alterations in the expression of potential target genes of miR‐17‐5p, i.e. phosphatase and tensin homology and phosphatidyl‐inositol‐3‐kinase regulatory subunit 1, which were down‐regulated upon stimulation of CD4+ cells with anti‐CD3/CD28 in vitro. Functional experiments with a synthetic inhibitor of miR‐17 supported the link between miRNA expression and the altered target gene expression. Moreover, we found distinct responses of deregulated miRNA to stimulation, i.e. miR‐17‐5p and miR‐193a were strongly up‐regulated, in contrast to the down‐regulation of miR‐497, miR‐1 and miR‐126. Other deregulated miRNA did not respond to the stimulation probably due to other, non‐T‐cell activation related, mechanisms in their mode of action. Our findings support the role of miRNA‐dependent regulatory mechanisms in the immunopathogenesis of MS.
Role of Treg in immune regulation of allergic diseases
Authors: Palomares Oscar , Yaman Görkem , Azkur Ahmet K. , Akkoc Tunc , Akdis Mübeccel , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAllergy is a Th2‐mediated disease that involves the formation of specific IgE antibodies against innocuous environmental substances. The prevalence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased over the past decades, affecting up to 30% of the population in industrialized countries. The understanding of mechanisms underlying allergic diseases as well as those operating in non‐allergic healthy responses and allergen‐specific immunotherapy has experienced exciting advances over the past 15 years. Studies in healthy non‐atopic individuals and several clinical trials of allergen‐specific immunotherapy have demonstrated that the induction of a tolerant state in peripheral T cells represent a key step in healthy immune responses to allergens. Both naturally occurring thymus‐derived CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg and inducible type 1 Treg inhibit the development of allergy via several mechanisms, including suppression of other effector Th1, Th2, Th17 cells; suppression of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils; Ab isotype change from IgE to IgG4; suppression of inflammatory DC; and suppression of inflammatory cell migration to tissues. The identification of the molecules involved in these processes will contribute to the development of more efficient and safer treatment modalities.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of a CaNb2O6 Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructure and Its Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zhang Yingwei , Liu Chao , Pang Guangsheng , Jiao Shihui , Zhu Shiyao , Wang Dong , Liang Daxin , Feng Shouhua 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA novel CaNb2O6 hierarchical micro/nanostructure was successfully fabricated under mild hydrothermal conditions in the absence of templates or organic additives. In this hierarchical micro/nanostructure, the nanosheets grow vertically on the surface of the one‐dimensional microneedles whose axial direction is along the c‐axis, and the single crystalline nanosheets are parallel to the (020) planes. A two‐step nucleation–growth mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of the CaNb2O6 hierarchical micro/nanostructure, based on the observation of a time‐dependent morphology evolution process. The hierarchically structured CaNb2O6 exhibits a stronger enhancement of photocatalytic activity in the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) than other morphological CaNb2O6 samples, such as nanoparticles, nanoribbons, and microneedles. This simple hydrothermal method provides a new general approach for the synthesis of potentially useful niobates.
Mixed Tellurides Ni3–xGaTe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.65): Crystal and Electronic Structures, Properties, and Nickel Deficiency Effects on Vacancy Ordering
Authors: Isaeva Anna A. , Makarevich Olga N. , Kuznetsov Alexey N. , Doert Thomas , Abakumov Artem M. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe Ni3–xGaTe2 series of compounds (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.65) was synthesized by a high‐temperature ceramic technique at 750 °C. Crystal structures of three compounds in the series were determined by X‐ray powder diffraction: Ni2.98(1)GaTe2 (RI = 0.042, Rp = 0.023, Rwp = 0.035), Ni2.79(1)GaTe2 (RI = 0.053, Rp = 0.028, Rwp = 0.039), Ni2.58(1)GaTe2 (RI = 0.081, Rp = 0.037, Rwp = 0.056); the structures were verified by electron diffraction and, for the former compound, high‐resolution electron microscopy. The compounds crystallize in a hexagonal lattice with P63/mmc, and the structures can be regarded as a hexagonal close‐packed array with a –Ga–Te–Te– stacking sequence. The octahedral and trigonal bipyramidal voids in the hcp structure are selectively filled with Ni atoms to form one entirely occupied and two partially occupied sites, thus allowing variations in the nickel content in the series of compounds Ni3–xGaTe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.65). A superstructure with asup = 2asub (P63/mmc) has been identified for Ni3–xGaTe2 (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 0.65) by electron diffraction. Real‐space, high‐resolution images confirm an ordering of Ni atoms and vacancies inthe ab plane. Quantum‐chemical calculations performed forNi3–xGaTe2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.75, 1) suggest anisotropic metallic conductivity and Pauli paramagnetic behavior that are experimentally confirmed for Ni3GaTe2.
Synthesis of Triazolyl‐Substituted 3‐Aminopiperidines by Huisgen‐1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition – New Scaffolds for Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Schramm Heiko , Saak Wolfgang , Hoenke Christoph , Christoffers Jens 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOrthogonally N‐protected (Boc and Cbz) 4‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐substituted 3‐aminopiperidines are new scaffolds for combinatorial chemistry. They were prepared from a piperidine building block by a sequence of nucleophilic aziridine ring opening with NaN3 and subsequent copper‐catalyzedHuisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with ten different alkynes. Constitution and relative configuration of the major as well as minor products were established by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of bromophenylsulfonyl derivatives.
Indole as Neutral Leaving Group in Silver Nitrate Induced Cyclization Reactions of N‐{2‐[Alkynyl(hetero)aryl]methylene}indolin‐1‐amines for the Synthesis of Annulated Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Ghavtadze Nugzar , Fröhlich Roland , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: February 2010

AbstractN‐{2‐[Alkynyl(hetero)aryl]methylene}indolin‐1‐amines 3 undergo, upon treatment with silver nitrate in chloroform at 60 °C, electrophilic cyclization reactions to afford annulated pyridine derivatives 4. Mechanistically, the silver(I)‐assisted 6‐endo‐dig ring‐closure process of compounds 3 leads to the formation of an intermediate pyridinium cation, which releases – besides the products 4 – indole as unusual but efficient neutral leaving group after N–N bond cleavage. It is shown that among the hydrazones studied, only the 1‐aminoindoline‐derived substrates N‐{2‐[alkynyl(hetero)aryl]methylene}indolin‐1‐amines 3 are suitable to produce annulated pyridine derivatives 4 in high yield. The reaction can be performed in air and even in the presence of water in the reaction medium. Since during the course of the reaction indole is oxidized by the silver(I) ions, stoichiometric amounts of silver salt are required. Quantum chemical calculations have been applied in order to gain additional information on the reaction mechanism and the key reactive intermediates.
Naphthyl methacrylate‐based monolithic column for RP‐CEC via hydrophobic and π interactions
Authors: Karenga Samuel , El Rassi Ziad 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA neutral naphthyl methacrylate‐based monolith (NMM) was introduced for RP‐CEC of various aromatic compounds via hydrophobic and π interactions. It was characterized over a wide range of elution conditions to gain insight into its RP retention mechanism toward the various solute probes under investigation. First, the NMM column exhibited cathodal EOF at various mobile phase compositions and pH suggesting that although the NMM column is void of fixed charges, it acquires a negative zeta potential. It is believed that the negative zeta potential is imparted by the adsorption of mobile phase ions to the NMM surface. The NMM column exhibited π–π interactions in addition to hydrophobic interactions due to the aromatic and nonpolar nature of its naphthyl ligands. In all cases, the retention of the various aromatic test solutes including PAHs, benzene derivatives, toluene derivatives, anilines and toluidine, tolunitrile and nitrotoluene positional isomers on the NMM column were compared to their retention on an octadecyl acrylate‐based monolithic column. Not only were the values of the retention factors of the various solutes on the NMM column higher than those obtained on the octadecyl acrylate‐based monolithic column under otherwise the same CEC conditions, but the elution orders were also different on both columns with a superior and unique selectivity exhibited by the NMM column.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in anorexia nervosa: A case report and review of the literature on pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax
Authors: Hochlehnert Achim , Löwe Bernd , Bludau Hans‐Bernd , Borst Mathias , Zipfel Stephan , Herzog Wolfgang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe report a case of a 20‐year‐old white woman with the history of anorexia nervosa presenting with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM). On admission, her body mass index (BMI) was 9.9 kg/m2. Physical examination revealed subcutaneous crepitation especially in the axillae, the intercostal spaces, between the scapulae and along the spine. A chest X‐ray showed extensive tissue emphysema, especially in the upper mediastinum. In a computed tomography (CT) scan, additional air was found in the upper retroperitoneal space adjacent to the stomach and to the left of the aorta. The patient recovered clinically within three weeks, and a CT scan showed a complete remission of the pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. Based on this, case review of the literature about the frequency of pneumomediastinum in young patients with low weight is presented concerning epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, time to recovery and prognosis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Binge eating disorder in a Chinese male—A case report
Authors: Chen C. K. , Tao Z. L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveThere are reports in China about males suffering from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, but hitherto no report of binge eating disorder (BED).MethodThis case report describes the history, symptom progression and treatment of a male suffering from BED.ResultsMany Chinese people who come from rural areas try to integrate in the urban life. Regardless of their level of education many suffer various difficulties, which can trigger psychological disorders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Thermally developing flow in finned double‐pipe heat exchanger
Authors: Iqbal Mazhar , Syed K. S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA numerical solution of the convective heat transfer in the thermal entry region of the finned double‐pipe is carried out for the case of hydro‐dynamically fully developed flow when subjected to uniform wall temperature boundary condition. Adaptive axial grid size is used in order to cater for the variation of large solution gradients in the axial direction. It has been observed that the thermal entrance region is highly effective and there is a substantial enhancement in the heat transfer coefficient. A maximum of 76.4877% increase has been observed in the thermal entrance region as compared with the fully developed region for 24 fins and H*=0.6 when R̂=0.25, whereas for R̂=0.5 the maximum increase is 75.0308% for the same number of fins of same height. It has been observed that no geometry consistently perform better throughout the entrance region. However, the geometries that have optimal performance in the fully developed region perform better in the developing region on average terms. Results show that the Nusselt number and the thermal entrance length are dependent upon various geometrical parameters such as ratio of radii of the inner and the outer pipe, fin height and the number of fins. The limiting case results match well with the literature results. This validates our numerical procedure and computer code. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information flux maximum‐entropy approximation schemes for convection–diffusion problems
Authors: Cyron Christian J. , Nissen Keijo , Gravemeier Volker , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe requirement for stabilization or other similar techniques is well known when using the finite element method in computational fluid mechanics. A variety of such techniques has been introduced during the past decades along with different physical interpretations of the stabilization terms employed. In introducing so‐called information flux methods, we developed a new point of view on the problem of numerical instabilities; with respect to Shannon's information theory instabilities are interpreted as a consequence of unadequate observance of the information flux present in fluid mechanics. Here we discuss different approaches to setting up information flux maximum‐entropy approximation schemes based on that idea. The good accuracy of these approximation schemes is demonstrated for convection–diffusion problems by means of several linear, time‐independent one‐ and two‐dimensional numerical examples and comparisons with state‐of‐the‐art stabilized finite element methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atypical mRNA fusions in PML‐RARA positive, RARA‐PML negative acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Walz Christoph , Grimwade David , Saussele Susanne , Lengfelder Eva , Haferlach Claudia , Schnittger Susanne , Lafage‐Pochitaloff Marina , Hochhaus Andreas , Cross Nicholas C. P. , Reiter Andreas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractReciprocal RARA‐PML transcripts are not detected in ∼25% of patients with PML‐RARA positive acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but the reasons for this are poorly understood. We studied 21 PML‐RARA positive/RARA‐PML negative cases by bubble PCR and multiplex long template PCR to identify the genomic breakpoints. Additional RT‐PCR analysis was performed based on the DNA findings. Three cases were found to have complex rearrangements involving a third locus: the first had a PML‐CDC6‐RARA forward DNA fusion and expressed a chimeric PML‐CDC6‐RARA mRNA in addition to a PML‐RARA. The other two had HERC1‐PML and NT_009714.17‐PML genomic fusion sequences at their respective reciprocal breakpoints. Six patients were falsely classified as RARA‐PML negative due to deletions on chromosome 15 and/or 17, or alternative splicing leading to atypical RARA‐PML fusion transcripts, which were not identified by conventional RT‐PCR assays. This study demonstrates that the frequency of RARA‐PML expression has been underestimated and highlights remarkable complexity at chromosomal breakpoint regions in APL even in cases with an apparently simple balanced t(15;17)(q24;q12). © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional upregulation of nitric oxide synthase II by nuclear factor‐κB promotes apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus following experimental status epilepticus
Authors: Chuang Yao‐Chung , Chen Shang‐Der , Lin Tsu‐Kung , Chang Wen‐Neng , Lu Cheng‐Hsien , Liou Chia‐Wei , Chan Samuel H.H. , Chang Alice Y.W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWhereas status epilepticus, or the condition of continuous epileptic seizures, produces a characteristic pattern of preferential neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus, the underlying mechanism is still unsettled. Based on an experimental model of temporal lobe status epilepticus, we demonstrated previously that prolonged seizures prompted an overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by upregulation of NO synthase II (NOS II) in the hippocampal CA3 subfield, followed by the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling cascade. Using the same animal model, the present study evaluated the hypothesis that transcriptional upregulation of NOS II gene by nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) promotes apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus following status epilepticus. In Sprague‐Dawley rats, significantly augmented nucleus‐bound translocation of NF‐κB p50 and p65 subunits and DNA binding activity of NF‐κB were observed in hippocampal CA3 neurons as early as 30 min after elicitation of sustained seizure activity by microinjection of kainic acid into the CA3 subfield, followed by a progressive elevation that peaked at 90 min. In addition, application bilaterally into the hippocampal CA3 subfield of a selective NF‐κB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or double‐stranded κB decoy DNA significantly antagonized the activated NOS II‐peroxynitrite signaling cascade (3 hr) and the associated manifestations of apoptotic cell death (7 days) in the hippocampus. We conclude that activation of NF‐κB in hippocampal CA3 neurons upregulates NOS II gene expression following experimental temporal lobe status epilepticus, leading to apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gristhorpe Man: a Raman spectroscopic study of ‘mistletoe berries’ in a Bronze Age log coffin burial
Authors: Edwards Howell G. M. , Montgomery Janet , Melton Nigel D. , Hargreaves Michael D. , Wilson Andrew S. , Carter Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn 1834 in a tumulus at Gristhorpe, North Yorkshire, UK, an intact coffin fashioned from the hollowed‐out trunk of an oak tree was found to contain a well‐preserved skeleton stained black from the oak tannins, wrapped in an animal skin and buried with a range of grave artefacts, including a bronze dagger, flints and a bark vessel. The remains were deposited in the Rotunda Museum at Scarborough, where closure due to refurbishment in 2005–2008 provided an opportunity for the scientific investigation of the skeletal remains and artefacts using a wide range of techniques. Dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating has established the age of the skeleton as 2140–1940 BC at 95% confidence, in the Early Bronze Age. As part of this project, Raman spectra of several mysterious small spherical objects discovered in the coffin underneath the skeleton and initially believed to be ‘mistletoe berries’ associated with ancient burial customs have been recorded non‐destructively. The interpretation of the Raman spectral data, microscopic analysis and comparison with modern specimens has led to the conclusion that the small spheres are phosphatic urinary stones, which reflect the archaeological dietary evidence and stable isotope analysis of bone collagen of Gristhorpe Man. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of lamivudine in human plasma by hydrophilic interaction chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ji Hye Young , Lee Hye Won , Yoon Young‐Ran , Lee Hye Suk 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA rapid, selective and sensitive method for the determination of lamivudine in human plasma was developed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography‐MS/MS. This method involved protein precipitation with acetonitrile as sample preparation procedure. Lamivudine and famotidine (internal standard) were analyzed on a Luna hydrophilic interaction chromatography column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile/10 mM ammonium formate (95:5, v/v) and detected using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The standard curve was linear (r2=0.9985) over the concentration range of 50–3000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL using 50 μL of plasma sample. The coefficient of variation and relative error for intra‐ and inter‐assay at four quality control levels were 2.1–7.5 and −4.0 to 3.3%, respectively. The absolute and relative matrix effects for lamivudine and famotidine were practically absent. The present method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of lamivudine after oral dosing of lamivudine (100 mg tablet) to male healthy volunteers.
In situ Self‐Assembly of Zigzag Polyimide Chains to Crystalline Branched Supramolecular Structures with High Surface Area
Authors: Zeng Shaozhong , Guo Limin , Cui Fangming , Gao Zhe , Zhou Jian , Shi Jianlin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCrystalline‐branched supramolecular structures (CBSSs) with surface area (Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller model) up to 350 m2 · g−1 were synthesized by in situ self‐assembly of the zigzag polyimide macromolecules under solvent‐thermal condition. The pore formation mechanism in these polyimides was supposed to be different from any microporous polymers ever reported. Although this family of porous polyimide does not belong to covalent organic frameworks (COFs), their high degree of crystallinity shows the possibilities that the dynamic covalent chemistry for synthesizing COFs could be extended from easily hydrolyzable BO bond to a more stable imido bond. Therefore, we believe that these CBSSs could be useful in many applications, e.g., catalyst carriers and low‐K materials.magnified image
Dendritic Macromolecules as Inhibitors to Protein‐Protein Binding
Authors: Chiba Fumiko , Hu Ting Chou , Twyman Lance J. , Wagstaff Mark 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: Our initial studies into protein binding using a series of dendrimers as size selective inhibitors have been described. Two different proteins, cytochromo‐c and chymotrypsin have been selected for these binding experiments.
Oligomeric Branched Polyethers with Multiple Hydroxyl Groups by Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization for Inorganic Surface Modification
Authors: Bednarek Melania , Pluta Mirosław 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSummary: Cationic ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic ethers (also esters and acetals) substituted with hydroxyl groups leads to branched multihydroxyl polymers. When 4‐membered hydroxysubstituted oxetanes or 5‐membered hydroxysubstuituted oxolanes (or lactone and 1,3‐dioxolane) are used as monomers the polymerization products have limited molecular weights (about 1000). Polymerization of these monomers leading in situ to oligomeric products was used for inorganic surface modification. Successful polymerizations of oxetane as well as considered as difficult to polymerize 5‐membered hydroxysubstituted cyclic monomers initiated from montmorillonite clay and silica nanoparticles surfaces were performed.
Towards physics‐oriented smoothing in algebraic multigrid for systems of partial differential equations arising in multi‐ion transport and reaction models
Authors: Thum Peter , Clees Tanja 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlgebraic multigrid (AMG) methods offer an efficient solution technique for many industrial applications. However, the employment of AMG for physically involved systems of partial differential equations comprising convection, diffusion, migration (drift) and reaction terms is rather new. For such applications, point‐based AMG (PAMG) methods are promising preconditioners. This paper focuses on developing a reordering framework for PAMG's smoothing, which is oriented on physical properties of systems arising in an electrochemical multi‐ion transport and reaction model. Level‐dependent, alternating smoothing is used. Numerical results are presented for a range of electrochemical test cases with scientific and industrial relevance demonstrating the robustness of the new framework. Overall, the results clearly indicate the usefulness and potentials of a physics‐oriented smoothing framework. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.