bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Dystonia
Authors: Kilic‐Berkmen Gamze , Scorr Laura M. , McKay Lucas , Thayani Mehreen , Donsante Yuping , Perlmutter Joel S. , Norris Scott A. , Wright Laura , Klein Christine , Feuerstein Jeanne S. , Mahajan Abhimanyu , Wagle‐Shukla Aparna , Malaty Irene , LeDoux Mark S. , Pirio‐Richardson Sarah , Pantelyat Alexander , Moukheiber Emile , Frank Samuel , Ondo William , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Lohmann Katja , Hess Ellen J. , Jinnah H.A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies have indicated that female individuals outnumber male individuals for certain types of dystonia. Few studies have addressed factors impacting these sex differences or their potential biological mechanisms.ObjectivesTo evaluate factors underlying sex differences in the dystonias and explore potential mechanisms for these differences.MethodsData from individuals with various types of dystonia were analyzed in relation to sex. Data came from two different sources. One source was the Dystonia Coalition database, which contains predominantly idiopathic adult‐onset focal and segmental dystonias. The second source was the MDSGene database, which contains predominantly early‐onset monogenic dystonias.ResultsThe 3222 individuals from the Dystonia Coalition included 71% female participants and 29% male participants for an overall female‐to‐male ratio (F:M) of 2.4. This ratio varied according to body region affected and whether dystonia was task‐specific. The female predominance was age‐dependent. Sex did not have a significant impact on co‐existing tremor, geste antagoniste, depression or anxiety. In the 1377 individuals from the MDSGene database, female participants outnumbered male participants for some genes (GNAL, GCH1, and ANO3) but not for other genes (THAP1, TH, and TOR1A).ConclusionsThese results are in keeping with prior studies that have indicated female individuals outnumber male individuals for both adult‐onset idiopathic and early onset monogenic dystonias. These results extend prior observations by revealing that sex ratios depend on the type of dystonia, age, and underlying genetics.
Does a second‐leg home advantage exist in Asian football tournaments? A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine retrospectively the existence of a second‐leg home advantage effect in the knockout stages of Asian club tournaments. We analysed a total of 384 two‐legged knockout matches in the Asia Football Confederation (AFC) Champions League before the introduction of the inter‐annual format and COVID‐19. It was found that there is no significant second‐leg home advantage in the AFC Champions League in terms of promotion and goals or in any of the knockout stages.
Enhancing parental understanding of congenital heart disease through personalized prenatal counseling with 3D printed hearts
Authors: Galliotto Francesco , Veronese Paola , Cerutti Alessia , Zemin Filippo , Bertelli Francesco , Di Salvo Giovanni , Guariento Alvise , Vida Vladimiro L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn addition to a correct prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD), comprehensive parental counseling is crucial to ensure that parents are well‐informed about the condition of the fetus. This study aims to investigate whether there is a significant difference in the information acquired by parents through traditional counseling, utilizing 2‐dimensional (2D) illustrations and images, compared to an advanced approach utilizing personalized three‐dimensional (3D) printed models of the fetal heart developed from 3D ultrasound imaging.MethodsThis study, designed as a pilot randomized control trial, enrolled pregnant women with gestational ages greater than 18 weeks, whose fetuses were diagnosed with CHD and referred to our center between November, 2020 and June, 2021. Two groups of patients were included in the study. The first group received standard medical counseling with 2D images and illustrations, while the second group underwent advanced counseling with 3D‐printed patient‐specific heart models. Both groups were then required to complete the same survey in which the knowledge of the CHD was investigated. The 3D models were created from 3D ultrasound imaging and printed using resin materials in both 1:1 and 5:1 scale.ResultsA comparison of the scores obtained from the two groups revealed that 3D visualization of the fetus's heart has the potential to increase parental knowledge about CHD and the required surgical procedures. Furthermore, all couples expressed interest in receiving a 1:1 scale model of their baby's heart.ConclusionPersonalized prenatal counseling with 3D‐ultrasound‐based heart models positively impacts parents' understanding of CHD. The use of 3D models provides a more comprehensive and accessible representation of the condition, contributing to an increased knowledge gain, and potentially helping to support informed decisions regarding their child's care.
Maintaining and steering a formation in an unknown dynamic environment via a consistent distributed dynamic map
Authors: Guo Miao , Jayawardhana Bayu , Lee Jin Gyu , Shim Hyungbo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the problem of maintaining a stable mobile robot formation, steering and localizing all robots in an unknown dynamic environment consisting of multiple periodically moving objects, without the presence of a global positioning system or a robot tracking system. We propose a distributed observer such that each agent can estimate global positions of all mobile robots and that of moving landmarks in an unknown environment. By combining the proposed distributed observer with the distributed formation control and centroid tracking control law, we show that the formation shape can be maintained by utilizing its available relative measurements and the estimated relative measurements to its neighbors, and the group's centroid follows a desired trajectory. We present stability analysis of the closed‐loop system. Finally, we validate the proposed methods in a simulation result where a group of mobile robots can maintain a robust formation and maneuver in an unknown dynamic environment.
Data‐driven adaptive optimal control for discrete‐time periodic systems
Authors: Wu Ai‐Guo , Meng Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a problem of data‐driven optimal control is studied for discrete‐time periodic systems with unknown system matrices and input matrices. For this problem, a value iteration‐based adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is proposed to obtain the suboptimal controller. The core of the algorithm proposed in this paper is to obtain an approximation of the unique positive definite solution of the algebraic Riccati equation and the optimal feedback gain matrix by using the collected real‐time data of the system states and control inputs. Without an initial stabilizing feedback gain, the proposed algorithm could be activated by an arbitrary bounded control input. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by two examples.
Nickel‐Catalysed Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions – An Overview
Authors: Arunkumar T. K. , Pallavi Mohan , Philip Rose Mary , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDecarboxylative cross‐coupling is a significant method in organic synthesis where inexpensive and stable carboxylic acids are used as substrates for the construction of C−C and C‐heteroatom bonds. First‐row 3d transition metals including nickel have recently been recognized as advantageous alternative to noble metals in transition metal catalysed decarboxylative couplings. In this review, Ni‐based catalysts for C−C (Csp3/Csp2/Csp) and C‐heteroatom (C−N, C−P, C−S, C−Si) cross‐couplings are summarized and most of the strategies find applications in the synthesis and modification of biologically important molecules. Importantly, Ni‐dual catalysis under photocatalytic and electrochemical conditions form the state of the art research in the field. This is the first review reported exclusively on Ni‐catalysed decarboxylative cross‐coupling and cover reports from 2009 to present.
In Situ Symbiosis of Cerium Oxide Nanophase for Enhancing the Oxygen Electrocatalysis Performance of Single‐Atom Fe─N─C Catalyst with Prolonged Stability for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Luo Hao , Wang Jiajun , Zhang Shiyu , Sun Buwei , Chen Zanyu , Ren Xixi , Luo Ziyi , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Fenton reaction, induced by the H2O2 formed during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process leads to significant dissolution of Fe, resulting in unsatisfactory stability of the iron–nitrogen‐doped carbon catalysts (Fe‐NC). In this study, a strategy is proposed to improve the ORR catalytic activity while eliminating the effect of H2O2 by introducing CeO2 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy and subsequent characterizations reveal that CeO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the carbon substrate, with atomically dispersed Fe single‐atom catalysts (SACs) adjacent to them. CeO2@Fe‐NC achieves a half‐wave potential of 0.89 V and a limiting current density of 6.2 mA cm−2, which significantly outperforms Fe‐NC and commercial Pt/C. CeO2@Fe‐NC also shows a half‐wave potential loss of only 1% after 10 000 CV cycles, which is better than that of Fe‐NC (7%). Further, H2O2 elimination experiments show that the introduction of CeO2 significantly accelerate the decomposition of H2O2. In situ Raman spectroscopy results suggest that CeO2@Fe‐NC significantly facilitates the formation of ORR intermediates compared with Fe‐NC. The Zn–air batteries utilizing CeO2@Fe‐NC cathodes exhibit satisfactory peak power density and open‐circuit voltage. Furthermore, theoretical calculations show that the introduction of CeO2 enhances the ORR activity of Fe‐NC SAC. This study provides insights for optimizing SAC‐based electrocatalysts with high activity and stability.
Nanoparticle Surfactants at Complex Emulsion Interfaces
Authors: Luo Yuzheng , Li Kaijuan , Luo Jiaqiu , Wen Yunhui , Shi Shaowei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing nanoparticle surfactants to stabilize the liquid‐liquid interface has attracted significant attention for developing all‐liquid constructs including emulsions and liquid devices. Here, an efficient strategy is demonstrated to stabilize complex emulsions that consist of multiphase droplets by using the co‐assembly between the cellulose nanocrystal and amine‐functionalized polystyrene. Cellulose nanocrystal surfactants (CNCSs) form and assembly in situ at the specified area of emulsion interface, showing a unique pH responsiveness due to their dynamic nature and allowing the reconfiguration of complex emulsion from encapsulated to Janus structures. Such complex emulsions can be further used as the templates to fabricate polymeric particles with hollow, semi‐spherical, and spherical shapes on large scale. These findings establish a promising platform for designing intelligent soft matter that can be used in microreactors, sensors, and anisotropic materials.
TNA‐Mediated Antisense Strategy to Knockdown Akt Genes for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Pan , Zheng Shixue , Leung Hoi Man , Liu Ling Sum , Chang Tristan Juin Han , Maryam Alishba , Wang Fei , Chin Y. Rebecca , Lo Pik Kwan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a significant challenge in terms of treatment, with limited efficacy of chemotherapy due to side effects and acquired drug resistance. In this study, a threose nucleic acid (TNA)‐mediated antisense approach is employed to target therapeutic Akt genes for TNBC therapy. Specifically, two new TNA strands (anti‐Akt2 and anti‐Akt3) are designed and synthesized that specifically target Akt2 and Akt3 mRNAs. These TNAs exhibit exceptional enzymatic resistance, high specificity, enhance binding affinity with their target RNA molecules, and improve cellular uptake efficiency compared to natural nucleic acids. In both 2D and 3D TNBC cell models, the TNAs effectively inhibit the expression of their target mRNA and protein, surpassing the effects of scrambled TNAs. Moreover, when administered to TNBC‐bearing animals in combination with lipid nanoparticles, the targeted anti‐Akt TNAs lead to reduced tumor sizes and decreased target protein expression compared to control groups. Silencing the corresponding Akt genes also promotes apoptotic responses in TNBC and suppresses tumor cell proliferation in vivo. This study introduces a novel approach to TNBC therapy utilizing TNA polymers as antisense materials. Compared to conventional miRNA‐ and siRNA‐based treatments, the TNA system holds promise as a cost‐effective and scalable platform for TNBC treatment, owing to its remarkable enzymatic resistance, inexpensive synthetic reagents, and simple production procedures. It is anticipated that this TNA‐based polymeric system, which targets anti‐apoptotic proteins involved in breast tumor development and progression, can represent a significant advancement in the clinical development of effective antisense materials for TNBC, a cancer type that lacks effective targeted therapy.
Design method of prestressed anchor bolt system for wind turbine foundation
Authors: Chen Junling , Wang Yanchen , Feng Youquan 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe prestressed anchor bolt system is a reasonable connection mode between the upper steel tower and the bottom concrete foundation for multi‐megawatt wind turbines. This prestressed anchor bolt connection with forged flanges has a similar form to the prestressed high‐strength bolt connection with forged flanges between steel tubes for the tower. However, their mechanical performances have a great difference because of the influence of the stiffness of the anchorage zone in the concrete foundation. Based on the Petersen's method, the engineering calculation method of the prestressed anchor bolt system for wind turbine foundation is derived. The tensile force of the anchor bolt, the anchorage stiffness and clamping force of the base are all deduced according to the theories of mechanics of materials. The numerical models of the segment foundation with the unfavorable anchor bolt and the overall foundation with all anchor bolts are developed for researching the influence of the spatial effect of adjacent segments on the restraint stiffness of the concrete foundation. The numerical analyses of four engineering cases designed by engineering calculation method are carried out for verifying the effectiveness of engineering calculation method. The analysis results show the spatial effect of adjacent segments can be neglected and the Petersen's method can be directly applied for the design of the prestressed anchor bolt system for wind turbine foundation in engineering practice. The engineering calculation method meets the accuracy requirements in engineering practice and can be used to design the prestressed anchor bolt system of wind turbine foundation.
Four major challenges in modern diplomacy: How the specialist diplomatic hierarchy can help
Authors: Oosthuizen Marc E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe 21st century has been accompanied by significant global changes that confound traditional diplomacy. This article focuses on modern diplomacy and the four main challenge areas it faces. These challenges necessitate diplomatic adaptation to remain relevant and effective. To achieve this modernization, the author suggests the implementation of a newly created hierarchy for the selection, training, deployment, ranking, and promotion of a more specialized diplomatic corps. This process is envisioned to occur within four streams of specialization, each with its own type of expert diplomat. This new diplomatic tool is called the Specialist Diplomatic Hierarchy (SDH).
The anesthesiologist’s guide to swine trauma physiology research: a report of two decades of experience from the experimental traumatology laboratory
Authors: Renberg Mattias , Karlsson Tomas , Dahlquist Albin , Luckhurst Claire , Gustavsson Jenny , Arborelius Ulf , Risling Mårten , Günther Mattias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Swine are one of the major animal species used in translational research, with unique advantages given the similar anatomic and physiologic characteristics as man, but the investigator needs to be familiar with important differences. This article targets clinical anesthesiologists who are proficient in human monitoring. We summarize our experience during the last two decades, with the aim to facilitate for clinical and non-clinical researchers to improve in porcine research.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of 337 swine with a mean (SD) weight 60 (4.2) kg at the Experimental Traumatology laboratory at Södersjukhuset (Stockholm south general hospital) between 2003 and 2023, including laboratory parameters and six CT-angiography examinations.

Results
Swine may be ventilated through the snout using a size 2 neonatal mask. Intubate using a 35 cm miller laryngoscope and an intubating introducer. Swine are prone to alveolar atelectasis and often require alveolar recruitment. Insert PA-catheters through a cut-down technique in the internal jugular vein, and catheters in arteries and veins using combined cut-down and Seldinger techniques. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is possible and lateral chest compressions are most effective. Swine are prone to lethal ventricular arrhythmias, which may be reversed by defibrillation. Most vital parameters are similar to man, with the exception of a higher core temperature, higher buffer bases and increased coagulation. Anesthesia methods are similar to man, but swine require five times the dose of ketamine.

Conclusion
Swine share anatomical and physiological features with man, which allows for seamless utilization of clinical monitoring equipment, medication, and physiological considerations.
On the presentation of the Grothendieck–Witt group of symmetric bilinear forms over local rings
Authors: Rogers Robert , Schlichting Marco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove a chain lemma for inner product spaces over commutative local rings R with residue field other than $$\mathbb {F}_2$$

F
2

and use this to show that the usual presentation of the Grothendieck–Witt group of symmetric bilinear forms over R as the zeroth Milnor–Witt K-group holds provided the residue field of R is not $$\mathbb {F}_2$$

F
2

.
Monomorphic T-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with features of HHV8-negative primary effusion lymphoma: an autopsy case and review of the literature
Authors: Hosaka Naoki , Hashimura Mitsuharu , Mugitani Atsuko , Hamaguchi Masanari , Kubo Yuki , Nakatsuka Shin-ichi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 67-year-old man underwent renal transplantation in his twenties. He developed refractory pleural effusion, with many large lymphocytes with severe atypia and mitosis in the effusion, indicating malignant lymphoma. He finally died of respiratory failure. An autopsy revealed atypical lymphocytes positive for CD3, CD4, and CD30 and negative for CD8, CD20, PAX5, human herpesvirus (HHV) 8, and Epstein–Barr virus-encoded small RNAs by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Atypical lymphocytes also had T-cell receptor gene rearrangements Jβ2, Jγ2, and Jδ1 and chromosomal aberrations der(8)t(1;8)(q21;p21), add(13)(q12), add(14)(q32), and add(16)(q12-13). A few atypical lymphocytes were present at other sites. We finally diagnosed this case as monomorphic T-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with features of HHV8-negative primary effusion lymphoma. A literature review only identified six cases (four HHV8-negative, two HHV8-positive) of effusion lymphoma of T-cell type, including the present case. Interestingly, about half of HHV8-negative and HHV8-positive cases had a history of renal transplantation in their twenties. All cases showed tumor CD30 expression, whereas CD4 and CD8 expressions were inconsistent. These findings indicated that this lymphoma may be associated with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder by renal transplantation at a young age, although further cases need to be analyzed.
Subjective social status across the past, present, and future: status trajectories of older adults
Authors: Kuball Tim , Jahn Georg 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBeyond objective indicators of social status (e.g., income or education), the subjective social status (SSS; i.e., the self-assessed position in a social hierarchy) is associated with psychological well-being and physiological functioning. Existing research has focused on older adults’ current status evaluations, neglecting perceived temporal stability or change in SSS which can further impact self-perception and emotional well-being. In the present study, we examined older adults’ (N = 191; mean age = 73.5) SSS with regard to their past, present, and future. Examining SSS for multiple time-points allowed us to identify profiles representing trajectories of status from the past to the future by conducting latent profile analysis. Furthermore, we tested associations of the identified trajectory-profiles with aging anxiety and negative affect. Results showed that, on average, participants anticipated higher future status losses than they had experienced in the past, regardless of age. In the more nuanced profile analysis, we identified four trajectory-profiles: A high (17%), a moderate (57%), and a low perceived social status (14%) trajectory, as well as a profile representing a perceived decrease in status (12%). While a lower status was associated with more aging anxiety and negative affect, most aging anxiety and negative affect was found for profiles representing a low initial status-level and a perceived decrease in status. Findings implicate that social status comparisons with others but also status comparisons with past- and future-selves are relevant for older adults. The discussion highlights the benefits of improving or stabilizing subjective assessments of status in later adulthood.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Unsustainable PPE Materials: A Correlation and Causality Analysis
Authors: Baltas Konstantinos N. , Mann Robert , Baltas Nicholaos C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on European and Chinese unsustainable and non-recyclable plastic markets, specifically those used for the production of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). We explore exogenous economic and commodity price impacts on polypropylene, acrylonitrile and polyvinyl-chloride, via VECM and Granger causality analysis, with the results remaining robust under testing. We find that price shocks from rubber and EUROSTOXX are significantly correlated with PPE materials, to a greater extent than crude oil, unexpectedly relating price declines in PPE materials to factors beyond medical demand. This will aid a policymakers and industry understand the factors that affect the price of unsustainable and non-recyclable PPE materials, respond to the need for pandemic PPE provision and reduce the potential environmental impact of future pandemics.