bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of exurban sprawl: The effects of the perceptions and practices of new residents toward the spur‐thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca)
Authors: Pérez Irene , Giménez Andrés , Pedreño Andrés 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUrbanization is one of the main drivers threatening biodiversity. Together with the direct effects of exurban sprawl (e.g., habitat loss), the behavior of new residents may have important implications for species conservation. This manuscript addresses the effects of exurban sprawl on the collection and captivity of the endangered spur‐thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) in southeastern Spain. In June 2004, we undertook 362 structured interviews with exurban residents. Our results showed that most of the 12% of new residents who keeps tortoises in captivity have collected them from the wild (51%). Reintroductions and captive breeding were also frequent practices (24% and 26%, respectively). These practices, which are expected to increase in forthcoming years, might have important implications for the conservation of the species (local extinction, disease spread, or genetic mixing). Paradoxically, new residents collect tortoises to “protect” wild individuals from natural and anthropic threats. Therefore, even though many new residents are concerned about the spur‐thighed tortoise, they do not practice sound conservation measures. This study highlights the importance of incorporating human dimensions for wildlife into planning for urban sprawl. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Exploiting antipredator behavior in white‐tailed deer for resource protection
Authors: Blackwell Bradley F. , Seamans Thomas W. , Tyson Laura A. , Belant Jerrold L. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEffects of visual obstruction on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) include enhanced vigilance and flight‐initiation distances. Prior work suggests that artificial visual barriers might enhance perceived risk of predation to deer. During 2008–2010 at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Plum Brook Station (Erie County, OH), we tested the hypotheses that visual obstruction of winter feeding stations would result in fewer white‐tailed deer visiting treatment stations and increased vigilance exhibited relative to deer using control stations. When feeding stations were bounded on 3 sides by a 22.5‐m‐long, 1.5‐m‐high, continuous, polyethylene visual barrier (including a 5‐m opening on the fourth side), and offset from the food resource by 22.5 m, we observed no differences in deer use or vigilance compared with control stations (4.5‐cm mesh, snow fencing only). In a second experiment, feeding stations bounded by individual, 1.5‐m‐high, polyethylene visual barriers, positioned on 3 sides only and offset from the food resource by only 7.6 m each, were characterized by 1) fewer deer, 2) increased alert behavior (e.g., head held above horizontal, ears erect, body posture noticeably stiff and animal paused, directed attention, tail flagging, or fleeing) by deer using the stations, and 3) fewer deer using stations at night, relative to control stations. Visual barriers offset at most by 7.6 m from a food resource (e.g., crops), or located randomly within target areas frequented by deer can offer temporary and easily manipulated means of diminishing deer use of resources on unfenced General Aviation airports or depredation of agricultural crops, and ready integration with other management methods. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
An evaluation of monitoring methods for the endangered giant kangaroo rat
Authors: Bean William T. , Stafford Robert , Prugh Laura R. , Scott Butterfield H. , Brashares Justin S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAccurate, reliable, and efficient monitoring methods for detecting changes in the distribution and abundance of wildlife populations are the cornerstone of effective management. Aerial surveys of active burrow sites and ground counts of open burrows have been used to estimate distribution and abundance, respectively, of a number of rodent species. We compared the efficacy of these and other methods for estimating distribution, abundance, and population growth of the endangered giant kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ingens) to determine the best practices for monitoring. Specifically, we compared aerial surveys, rapid expert assessments, and live‐trapping for estimating giant kangaroo rat range, and burrow counts and live‐trapping for estimating abundance and growth. We carried out the study in the Carrizo Plain National Monument, California, USA, from 2007 to 2011. Expert rapid assessment of sites performed nearly as well as trapping in determining range extent, while aerial surveys provided estimates of total range extent but with less precision. Active burrow counts were adequate to determine relative abundance averaged over multiple years, but were not reliable as an estimate of annual population size or growth. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Species conservation at a broad spatial scale: Reproductive success of golden‐cheeked warblers across their breeding range
Authors: Campomizzi Andrew J. , Farrell Shannon L. , Mcfarland Tiffany M. , Mathewson Heather A. , Morrison Michael L. , Wilkins R. Neal 
Published: August 2012

AbstractResearch conducted near the time a species is listed as threatened or endangered can help inform management guidelines. However, these studies are typically limited in temporal and spatial scope and typically address a limited set of ecological questions. Application of such information can result in misleading management guidelines or ineffective conservation if species–habitat relationships vary across space or if preliminary information fails to provide reliable assessments of habitat quality. We evaluated existing management guidelines that addressed reproductive success of the golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia), a federally endangered songbird endemic to central Texas, USA. We monitored 1,382 territories in 87 patches of woodland across the breeding range from 2007 to 2011. Ours was the first evaluation of management guidelines addressing reproductive success with data collected across the warbler's breeding range. Our results did not consistently confirm the commonly accepted management guidelines that habitat quality, based on the presence of offspring in a territory, was positively associated with patch size and territory canopy cover, and negatively associated with patch edge. The relationship between probability of a territory fledging ≥1 offspring and patch size, patch edge‐to‐area ratio, and territory canopy cover varied by geographic region (level‐IV eco‐region). Our results suggested future conservation plans that address habitat quality should consider variation among regions to improve conservation efforts and that habitat associations identified with warbler occurrence were not necessarily indicative of reproductive success. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Linear enamel hypoplasia in caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus): A potential tool to assess population health
Authors: Wu Jessica P. , Veitch Alasdair , Checkley Sylvia , Dobson Howard , Kutz Susan J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe studied the presence of linear enamel hypoplasias (LEHs; tooth defects associated with physiological stress) in caribou (Rangifer tarandus). A timeline of tooth enamel development was determined by radiographic examination of 48 mandibles from caribou aged 3–24 months old. We examined mandibles from the Bluenose East (n = 56) and Bluenose West (n = 15) caribou herds in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada, for LEHs and 21.1% (15/71) were affected. We concluded that LEHs do occur in caribou and tracking these over time may provide a tool to track population dynamics in extant wildlife. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
A modified night‐netting technique for recapturing quail
Authors: Troy Ronald J. , Coates Peter S. , Connelly John W. , Gillette Gifford , Delehanty David J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDifficulties in recapturing radiomarked birds often prevent wildlife researchers from replacing transmitters and continuing to collect data over long time periods. We developed an effective, inexpensive capture technique for radiomarked mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus). Twenty‐three of 25 mountain quail in south‐central Idaho, USA, in 2006 and 2007 were recaptured for transmitter replacement. This technique will provide researchers with an opportunity to recapture relatively small birds, particularly those in dense vegetation, to help conduct long‐term studies. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Shifting foundations and metrics for golden‐cheeked warbler recovery
Authors: Hatfield Jeff S. , Weckerly Floyd W. , Duarte Adam 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUsing the golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) as a case study, this paper discusses what lessons can be learned from the process of the emergency listing and subsequent development of the recovery plan. Are the metrics for recovery in the current warbler plan appropriate, including population size and distribution (recovery units), migration corridors, and wintering habitat? In other words, what happened, what can we learn, and what should happen (in general) in the future for development of such plans? We discuss the number of recovery units required for species persistence and estimate the number of male warblers in protected areas across the breeding range of the species, using newly published density estimates. We also discuss future monitoring strategies to estimate warbler population trends and dispersal rates. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Magnetic Anisotropy of Dichlorobis(η5‐cyclopentadienyl) Complexes of Vanadium, Niobium, and Tantalum
Authors: Kuiper Maurits , Speldrich Manfred , Schilder Helmut , Lueken Heiko 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAbstract. The magnetic behavior of the mononuclear nd1 systems MCp2Cl2 (M = V4+[3d1], Nb4+[4d1], Ta4+[5d1], space group P21/c, pseudosymmetry of the molecules C2v) deviates from pure single ion spin magnetism on account of ligand field effect (Hlf), spin‐orbit coupling (Hso), and intermolecular spin‐spin exchange interactions (Hex). For both VCp2Cl2 and NbCp2Cl2 excellent adaptations to the measured susceptibility data were obtained (2 K ≤ T ≤ 300 K) on the basis of spectroscopic data (lf, so) and cooperative metal–metal interactions (ex) of antiferromagnetic nature [molecular field model (mf)]. For TaCp2Cl2 experimental term structure data are not available. Therefore, Jørgensen's spectroscopical series (g‐factor of the central ion) was applied to extrapolate the data set for TaCp2Cl2. Hlf, Hso, and Hex (antiferromagnetic) increase in the order 3d1 → 4d1 → 5d1 leading, with rising atomic number of the metals, to a distinct enhancement of the magnetic anisotropy. At 4 K the μeff components μeff,y (oriented perpendicular to the cg–M–cg plane; “cg” = center of gravity of the Cp ring), μeff,z (oriented along the twofold pseudoaxis), and μeff,x are 1.73, 1.69, 1.68 (V), 1.73, 1.62, 1.59 (Nb), and 1.71, 1.59, 1.49 (Ta). While μeff,y is independent of T, both μeff,z and μeff,x decrease with decreasing T.
Self-initiation and temporal cueing of monaural tones reduce the auditory N1 and P2
Authors: Sowman Paul F. , Kuusik Anni , Johnson Blake W. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) to tones that are self-initiated are reduced in their magnitude in comparison with ERPs to tones that are externally generated. This phenomenon has been taken as evidence for an efference copy of the motor command acting to suppress the sensory response. However, self-initiation provides a strong temporal cue for the stimulus which might also contribute to the ERP suppression for self-initiated tones. The current experiment sought to investigate the suppression of monaural tones by temporal cueing and also whether the addition of self-initiation enhanced this suppression. Lastly, the experiment sought to investigate the lateralisation of the ERP suppression via presenting these monaural tones to each ear respectively. We examined source waveforms extracted from the lateralised auditory cortices and measured the modulation of the N1 and P2 components by cueing and self-initiation. Self-initiation significantly reduced the amplitude of the N1 component. Temporal cueing without self-initiation significantly reduced the P2 component. There were no significant differences in the amplitude of either the N1 or the P2 between self-initiation and temporal cuing. There was a significant lateralisation effect on the N1—it being significantly larger contralateral to the ear of stimulation. There was no interaction between lateralisation and side of the temporal cue or side of self-initiation suggesting that the effects of self-initiation and temporal cuing are equal bilaterally. We conclude that a significant proportion of ERP suppression by self-initiation is a result of inherent temporal cueing.
Early DNA damage response in residual carcinoma in situ at ductal stumps and local recurrence in patients undergoing resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wakai Toshifumi , Shirai Yoshio , Sakata Jun , Korita Pavel V. , Ajioka Yoichi , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground/purposeThe aim of this study was to clarify the association between the DNA damage response mediated by p53‐binding protein 1 (53BP1) in residual carcinoma in situ at ductal stumps and local recurrence in patients undergoing resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 11 patients with positive ductal margins with carcinoma in situ. To evaluate the early DNA damage response, the nuclear staining pattern of 53BP1 was examined by immunofluorescence. TUNEL analysis was used to calculate the apoptotic index.ResultsOf the 11 tumor specimens of carcinoma in situ, seven showed diffuse localization of 53BP1 in nuclei (53BP1 inactivation) and four showed discrete nuclear foci of 53BP1 (53BP1 activation); the apoptotic index was significantly decreased in the seven tumor specimens with 53BP1 inactivation compared to the four with 53BP1 activation (median apoptotic index, 1 vs. 22 %;p = 0.003). The cumulative probability of local recurrence was significantly higher in patients with 53BP1 inactivation than in patients with 53BP1 activation (cumulative 5‐year local recurrence rate, 60 vs. 0 %;p = 0.019).ConclusionsClinically evident local recurrence of residual carcinoma in situ at ductal stumps is closely associated with 53BP1 inactivation and decreased apoptosis.
How Big is My Neighborhood? Individual and Contextual Effects on Perceptions of Neighborhood Scale
Authors: Coulton Claudia J. , Jennings M. Zane , Chan Tsui 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNeighborhood is a social and geographic concept that plays an increasingly important role in research and practice that address disparities in health and well‐being of populations. However, most studies of neighborhoods, as well as community initiatives geared toward neighborhood improvement, make simplifying assumptions about boundaries, often relying on census geography to operationalize the neighborhood units. This study used geographic information system (GIS) tools to gather and analyze neighborhood maps drawn by residents of low‐income communities in 10 cities. The median resident map size was approximately 30 percent smaller than the median census tract, but 25 percent of residents viewed their neighborhood as quite small (less than one‐fifth of the typical census tract). Multi‐level modeling showed significant within context variation in perceived neighborhood scale. Longer term residents with higher education and income and who were more engaged in the neighborhood held more expansive views. But there were also contextual influences with higher density and mixed use areas associated with smaller perceived neighborhoods, and higher collective efficacy associated with larger neighborhood sizes. Artificially imposed neighborhood units may misrepresent resident experience, but GIS tools can be used to craft more authentic neighborhood definitions for research and practice.
Aboriginal Gambling and Problem Gambling: A Review
Authors: Breen Helen , Gainsbury Sally 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe prevention of gambling-related problems amongst Aboriginal communities has been neglected by most public health strategies which concentrate on mainstream populations. Research indicates that rates of problem gambling are higher for Aboriginal groups than the general population. Specific cultural, familial, and social patterns influence gambling by Aboriginal groups, which are individually different, making it difficult to implement a cohesive strategy to address gambling-related harms. Because of this complexity, a thorough literature review is necessary to identify gaps in policy and research. This paper uses a public health framework to consider multi-dimensional influences (personal, environmental, economic, cultural and social) that affect gambling uptake. Such analysis is also important for identifying risk factors which facilitate the development and maintenance of problem gambling and potentially for underpinning protection, prevention and treatment programs. It is advised that strategies be developed in consultation with Aboriginal peoples to guide public health policy and research to minimise any gambling-related harms.
Segregation Through the Lens of Housing Unit Transition: What Roles Do the Prior Residents, the Local Micro-Neighborhood, and the Broader Neighborhood Play?
Authors: Hipp John R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study focuses on segregation as it plays out at the micro-level of housing unit transition. Employing a unique sample that places housing units into micro-neighborhoods and census tracts, this study tests whether the characteristics of the previous residents of the unit, the local micro-neighborhood, or the broader tract best explain the race/ethnicity of the new residents in a housing unit. The results show that the racial/ethnic composition of the local micro-neighborhood has even stronger effects on the race/ethnicity of the new residents than does the racial/ethnic composition of the broader census tract. The results also reveal that even when the racial/ethnic composition of these two contexts are accounted for, the race/ethnicity of the prior residents has a very strong effect on the race/ethnicity of the new residents. I consider possible explanations for this household-level effect. One new theoretical explanation I put forward is that prospective residents use the race/ethnicity of the prior residents as a signal regarding the neighborhood’s appropriateness for them; I test and find that this hypothesized signaling effect is even stronger in certain micro-neighborhood, neighborhood, and county contexts.
Professional leadership in obstetrics and gynecology and its contribution to Millennium Development Goal 5
Authors: Taylor David J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNational professional associations of obstetrics and gynecology characteristically begin as learned societies holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and progress to regulating the activities of their members in the public interest (e.g. admission examinations, setting standards). However, they can offer much more to their nation's health by contributing directly to improvements in health care and influencing governmental decisions in favor of the health of women and babies. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), through the Leadership in Obstetrics and Gynecology for Impact and Change (LOGIC) initiative, is developing the capacity of national professional associations in Africa and Asia, so that they can contribute to improving clinical practice and influence national health policy toward achieving Millennium Development Goal 5.
The state of the world's midwifery: Making the invisible visible
Authors: Day‐Stirk Frances , Fauveau Vincent 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the evidence for maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity, and provides the background to the publication of the ground‐breaking Global State of the World's Midwifery Report (SoWMy) in 2011. Supported by 30 agencies, the SoWMy provides data gathered from 58 countries on their maternity services, and makes recommendations for improving the care of and services for childbearing women by improving the status, education, and regulation of midwives globally. If governments, policy makers, professional associations, international organizations, donor agencies, and civil society take the recommended steps and invest accordingly, this will effectively lead to an improvement in access to quality midwifery services and maternal and newborn health globally.
Linear water waves: the horizontal motion of a structure in the time domain
Authors: McIver P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe framework of the linearized theory of water waves in the time domain is used to examine the horizontal motion of an unrestrained floating structure. One of the principal assumptions of the theory is that an infinitesimal disturbance of the rest state will lead to an infinitesimal motion of the fluid and structure. It has been known for some time that for some initial conditions the theory predicts an unbounded horizontal motion of the structure that violates this assumption, but the possibility does not appear to have been examined in detail. Here some circumstances that lead to predictions of large motions are identified and, in addition, it is shown that not all non-trivial initial conditions lead to violations of the assumptions. In particular, it is shown that the horizontal motion of a floating structure remains bounded when it is initiated by the start up of a separate wave maker. The general discussion is supported by specific calculations for a vertical circular cylinder.
The London field trial for hoarding disorder
Authors: Mataix-Cols D. , Billotti D. , Fernández de la Cruz L. , Nordsletten A. E. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundA new diagnostic category, hoarding disorder (HD), has been proposed for inclusion in DSM-5. This study field-tested the validity, reliability and perceived acceptability of the proposed diagnostic criteria for HD.MethodFifty unselected individuals with prominent hoarding behavior and 20 unselected, self-defined ‘collectors’ participated in thorough psychiatric assessments, involving home visits whenever possible. A semi-structured interview based on the proposed diagnostic criteria for HD was administered and scored by two independent raters. ‘True’ diagnoses were made by consensus according to the best-estimate diagnosis procedure. The percentage of true positive HD cases (sensitivity) and true negative HD cases (specificity) was calculated, along with inter-rater reliability for the diagnosis and each criterion. Participants were asked about their perceptions of the acceptability, utility and stigma associated with the new diagnosis.ResultsTwenty-nine (58%) of the hoarding individuals and none of the collectors fulfilled diagnostic criteria for HD. The sensitivity, specificity and inter-rater reliability of the diagnosis, and of each individual criterion and the specifiers, were excellent. Most participants with HD (96%) felt that creating a new disorder would be very or somewhat acceptable, useful (96%) and not too stigmatizing (59%).ConclusionsThe proposed HD criteria are valid, reliable and perceived as acceptable and useful by the sufferers. Crucially, they seem to be sufficiently conservative and unlikely to overpathologize normative behavior. Minor changes in the wording of the criteria are suggested.