bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of carrion smell and rebaiting time on the efficiency of pitfall traps to dung beetle sampling
Authors: Flechtmann Carlos Alberto Hector , Tabet Vinicius Gomes , Quintero Ingrid 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) are very useful insects, as they improve the chemo‐physical properties of soil, clean pastures from dung pads, and help control symbovine flies associated with bovine cattle. Their importance makes it fundamental to sample and survey them adequately. The objectives of the present study were to determine the influence of decaying insects trapped in pitfalls on the attractiveness of Moura pigSus scrofaL. (Suidae) and collared peccaryTayassu tajacu(L.) (Tayassuidae) dung used as baits to lure dung beetles, and to establish how long these baits remain attractive to dung beetles when used in these traps. Some dung beetle species seemed to be able to discriminate against foul smell from decaying insects within the first 24 h, hence decreasing trap efficiency. This was more evident in peccary dung‐baited traps, which proved to be the least attractive bait. Attractiveness lasted only 24 h for peccary dung, after which it became unattractive, whereas the pig dung bait was highly attractive for 48 h, after which its attractiveness diminished but was not completely lost.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events at terminal follicles and at interfollicular epidermis*
Authors: Laffert Maximilian von , Helmbold Peter , Wohlrab Johannes , Fiedler Eckhard , Stadie Volker , Marsch Wolfgang Christian 
Published: July 2009

Please cite this paper as: Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events at terminal follicles and at interfollicular epidermis. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 533–537.Abstract:  Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) is a chronic suppurative and scarring inflammatory disease with predilection in the apocrine gland‐bearing areas. Histological investigations in the 1990s showed keratotic occlusion of the terminal follicle structure to be the initial cause. Our investigations describe and reproduce the morphology and try to figure out very early lesions of HS. A total of 262 operative specimens from 60 patients were investigated by routine histology and 11 operative specimens by immunohistochemistry: HS is dominated by a heterogeneous histological image. 82% of the surgical specimens showed mild or pronounced follicular hyperkeratosis, whereas an isotopic hyperplasia of follicular epithelium was evident in 77%. Pronounced perifolliculitis was seen in 68% and rupture of the follicle structure in 28%. Features which had not so far been described in detail were: epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia (43%) and subepidermal interfollicular inflammatory infiltrate (78%). In all 11 specimens, immunohistochemical investigations showed a perifollicular and subepidermal inflammation of CD‐3‐, CD‐4‐, CD‐68‐, CD‐79‐ and CD‐8‐cells, the latter with a striking selective epitheliotropism. To conclude, we could show follicular hyperkeratosis and lymphocytic perifollicular inflammation as early patterns in pathogenesis, whereas rupture of the follicle structure takes place later. Finally, it seems that there are two hot spots of inflammatory events (perifollicular and subepidermal) composed of a comparable inflammatory cell mixture. The CD‐8 cell epitheliotropism (follicular and epidermal) described here and its influence in follicular hyperkeratosis, in hyperplasia of follicular epithelium and in epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia will be of further interest, for instance, concerning early pharmacological intervention.
Autophagy 16‐like 1 rs2241880 G allele is associated with Crohn’s disease in German children
Authors: Lacher Martin , Schroepf Sebastian , Ballauff Antje , Lohse Peter , Von Schweinitz Dietrich , Kappler Roland , Koletzko Sibylle 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  Genome‐wide association studies have described an association of the ATG16L1 (autophagy 16‐like 1) gene rs2241880 variant with Crohn’s disease (CD). Therefore, we evaluated this polymorphism in early‐onset CD in 152 children and 253 controls and for the first time determined ATG16L1 colonic expression in German CD children.Methods:  Investigation of rs2241880 allele frequencies using a predesigned single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assay. Analysis of digenic epistasis between rs2241880 and the three common nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing two (NOD2/CARD15) mutations. Determination of ATG16L1 gene expression in large‐bowel biopsies of selected patients and controls using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results:  The rs2241880G risk allele frequency was higher in CD compared with controls (63.0% vs. 47.4%; p = 0.0002). No epistasis between NOD2/CARD15 mutations and rs2241880 was observed; however, carriers of both variants had significantly increased disease risk. Transcriptional analysis did not reveal over‐ or underexpression of ATG16L1 in CD patients compared with controls.Conclusion:  We confirmed the association of CD with ATG16L1 rs2241880 variant in early‐onset CD. As no epistatic interaction with three common NOD2/CARD15 mutations was observed, the p.Thr300Ala substitution is an independent risk factor for paediatric CD and supports the role for autophagy in disease pathogenesis.
Exclusion of NEU1 and PPGB from candidate genes for a lysosomal storage disease in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: MASOUDI Ali Akbar , YAMATO Osamu , YONEDA Kazuhiro , TSUJI Takehito , MIKAMI Osamu , KUNIEDA Tetsuo 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTA case of lysosomal storage disease has been reported in a calf of Japanese Black cattle. Lysosomal storage diseases are hereditary diseases caused by deficiency of lysosomal hydrolases. The clinical and pathological features and accumulated substrates of the affected animal indicated a possibility of sialidosis or galactosialidosis caused by deficiency of neuraminidase (NEU1) or protective protein for β‐galactosidase (PPGB). In the present study, we investigated nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding these two proteins to evaluate whether mutation of these genes is involved in this disease. We determined cattle genomic sequences of these two genes by using bovine EST sequences and the nucleotide sequences of all exons of these genes were compared between affected and normal animals. The results showed several nucleotide substitutions, but none of them was a functional mutation or specific to the affected animal. Furthermore, genotyping of the microsatellite markers in the vicinity of these two genes revealed no homozygosity of the chromosomal regions including these genes in the affected animal. These findings indicated that neither NEU1 nor PPGB gene is responsible for the lysosomal storage disease of Japanese Black cattle and therefore the disease is neither sialidosis nor galactosialidosis.
MHC microsatellites in a Southern Brazilian population
Authors: Sens‐Abuázar C. , Santos P. S. C. , Bicalho M. G. , Petzl‐Erler M. L. , Sperandio‐Roxo V. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryMicrosatellites are short tandem repeats of 1–6 bp DNA fragments, which are found throughout the genome. Due to their high levels of polymorphism, many of them are used as markers for population studies. Here we report an investigation on four microsatellites (D6S273, D6S2792, STR_MICA and D6S2810) located within the major histocompatibility complex in a sample of 281 Southern Brazilians of European ancestry. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies are described, as well as linkage disequilibrium (LD) between alleles of these microsatellites and alleles of three HLA genes: HLA‐B, HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1. The most polymorphic microsatellite was D6S2810, located close to the HLA‐B locus. Strong LD was observed between alleles of microsatellites and HLA genes. The strongest associations occurred among STR_MICA*A5.1–HLA‐B*13, STR_MICA*A6–HLA‐B*49, STR_MICA*A9–HLA‐B*39, STR_MICA*A9–HLAB*57, D6S2810*334–HLA‐B*14, D6S2810*334–HLA‐B*38, STR_MICA*A5.1–HLA‐DRB1*1501–HLA‐DQB1*0602 and D6S2810*344–HLA‐DRB1*0411–HLA‐DQB1*0302. This study contributes with important information on HLA haplotypes, and is potentially useful in resolving cases of low resolution HLA genotyping ambiguities.
Furthering the Understanding of Parent–Child Relationships: A Nursing Scholarship Review Series. Part 1: Introduction
Authors: Lutz Kristin F. , Anderson Lori S. , Pridham Karen A. , Riesch Susan K. , Becker Patricia T. 
Published: July 2009

PURPOSE.  Understanding the parent–child relationship is fundamental to nursing of children and families. The purpose of this integrative review is to explore nursing scholarship published from 1980–2008 concerning parent–child relationships. Study approaches are examined, critiqued, and future directions for research identified.CONCLUSIONS.  A historical review of nursing research is presented and methods described as an introduction to a review series of the parent–child relationship.IMPLICATIONS.  Definition and explication of the parent–child relationship is a first‐step in understanding factors amenable to nursing intervention. A clear definition of the concept of parent–child relationship will support further study using appropriate theoretical frameworks, and enable development and testing of supportive nursing interventions.
Perfluorooctane sulphonate in raw and drinking water sources in the United Kingdom
Authors: McLaughlin Clare L. , Blake Simon , Hall Tom , Harman Mark , Kanda Rakesh , Foster Jim , Rumsby Paul C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in the widely used perfluorinated chemicals such as perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS). PFOS has been shown to be toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative in the environment and is a focus for restriction within the European Union. Limited monitoring data, especially in the United Kingdom, are available for PFOS in environmental waters, and even less for its detection in drinking water. Data available in the United Kingdom indicate that PFOS contamination of environmental waters has only occurred following specific incidents. Monitoring of 20 raw and treated drinking water sites in England, covering four seasonal periods, showed that PFOS is not a widespread background contaminant of raw and treated drinking water in England. Low levels of PFOS (0.012–0.208 μg/L) were detected at four specific sites, which were at a higher risk for contamination. At three of these sites, where PFOS was detected in both raw and final drinking water, treatment processes [chlorination, ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC)] did not appear to remove PFOS. The findings of this work are pertinent to risk assessments now required by the drinking water quality regulations.
Genetic Variation in Taste Sensitivity to 6‐n‐Propylthiouracil and Its Relationship to Taste Perception and Food Selection
Authors: Tepper Beverly J. , White Elizabeth A. , Koelliker Yvonne , Lanzara Carmela , D'Adamo Pio , Gasparini Paolo 
Published: July 2009

The ability to taste bitter thiourea compounds and related chemicals is a well‐known human trait. The majority of individuals perceive these compounds, typified by the bitterness of 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), as moderately‐to‐extremely bitter. Approximately 30% of the population is taste blind to these substances. It has been hypothesized that PROP/PTC tasters are more sensitive to other bitter tastes, sweet taste, the pungency of chili peppers, the astringency of alcohol, and the texture of fats. Tasters may also show lower preferences for foods with these taste qualities than nontasters who show the opposite set of responses (i.e., lower taste sensitivities and higher preferences for these sensory qualities). This pathway is illustrated in the following model:
image
Robust associations between PROP status and taste perceptions have been well documented. However, subsequent links to food preferences and diet selection have been more difficult to demonstrate. This is not surprising given the complexity of human ingestive behavior that is influenced by numerous factors including health attitudes, personality traits, and cultural norms. Our laboratory has been using PROP screening to investigate individual differences in the selection of bitter foods, especially bitter tasting vegetables and fruits that may have long‐term health implications. This chapter will discuss new and recent findings addressing the following issues: 1) whether PROP‐related differences in perception of bitter compounds predict the perception and liking of bitter foods; 2) the role of bitter taste modifiers; and 3) the influence of personal characteristics such as food attitudes and cultural background on PROP‐related food preferences.
tinyFLP and tinyCAT: software for automatic peak selection and scoring of AFLP data tables
Authors: ARTHOFER W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a well‐established method for DNA fingerprinting. In the last years, fragment separation gradually changed from using gel to capillary electrophoresis, resulting in large, digital data sets. Automatic scoring softwares available to date are proprietary and expensive. tinyFLP/tinyCAT is a compact, open‐source software for automatic scoring of AFLP data. It reads from PeakScanner© generated tables, optimizes the conversion of peak data into a binary allelic matrix and removes operator‐mediated ambiguities from the scoring process. The output is formatted for direct use in MrBayes and other phylogenetic applications.
Targeting the PI3K/AKT Pathway for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sarker Debashis , Reid Alison H.M. , Yap Timothy A. , de Bono Johann S. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Despite recent advances in our understanding of the biological basis of prostate cancer, the management of the disease, especially in the castration-resistant phase, remains a significant challenge. Deregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is increasingly implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. In this review, we detail the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and the rapidly evolving therapeutic implications of targeting it. In particular, we highlight the importance of the appropriate selection of agents and combinations, and the critical role of predictive and pharmocodynamic biomarkers.
2B4 (CD244) Signaling by Recombinant Antigen-specific Chimeric Receptors Costimulates Natural Killer Cell Activation to Leukemia and Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Altvater Bianca , Landmeier Silke , Pscherer Sibylle , Temme Jaane , Schweer Katharina , Kailayangiri Sareetha , Campana Dario , Juergens Heribert , Pule Martin , Rossig Claudia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurpose: Novel natural killer (NK) cell–directed strategies in cancer immunotherapy aim at specifically modulating the balance between NK cell receptor signals toward tumor-specific activation. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule–related receptor 2B4 (CD244) is an important regulator of NK cell activation. We investigated whether 2B4-enhanced activation signals can redirect the cytolytic function of human NK cells to NK cell–resistant and autologous leukemia and tumor targets.Experimental Design: In vitro–stimulated NK cells from healthy donors and pediatric leukemia patients were gene modified with CD19 or GD2-specific chimeric receptors containing either the T-cell receptor ζ or 2B4 endodomain alone or combined.Results: Chimeric 2B4 signaling alone failed to induce interleukin-2 receptor up-regulation and cytokine secretion but triggered a specific degranulation response. Integration of the 2B4 endodomain into T-cell receptor ζ chimeric receptors significantly enhanced all aspects of the NK cell activation response to antigen-expressing leukemia or neuroblastoma cells, including CD25 up-regulation, secretion of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, release of cytolytic granules, and growth inhibition, and overcame NK cell resistance of autologous leukemia cells while maintaining antigen specificity.Conclusion: These data indicate that the 2B4 receptor has a potent costimulatory effect in NK cells. Antigen-specific 2B4ζ-expressing NK cells may be a powerful new tool for adoptive immunotherapy of leukemia and other malignancies.
Cul3 overexpression depletes Nrf2 in breast cancer and is associated with sensitivity to carcinogens, to oxidative stress, and to chemotherapy
Authors: Loignon Martin , Miao Weimin , Hu Lianggao , Bier Andrew , Bismar Tarek A. , Scrivens P. James , Mann Koren , Basik Mark , Bouchard Amélie , Fiset Pierre O. , Batist Zachary , Batist Gerald 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNrf2 is the key transcription factor for cytoprotective gene programs. Nrf2 is normally maintained at very low concentrations by proteasomal degradation, through its interaction with the adapter protein Keap1 and the Cul3 E3 ligase. Increased Nrf2 concentration resulting from loss of function Keap1 mutations has been described in chemoresistant non–small cell lung cancer. Previous studies in breast cancer showed low levels of some Nrf2-regulated detoxification genes, but the mechanism has not been systematically examined. We found that half of the breast cancer cell lines examined have decreased concentration of Nrf2 compared with normal mammary epithelial cell lines, associated with variable but detectable levels in Keap1 levels, and consistently increased Cul3 mRNA and protein. Immunochemistry showed that 7 of 10 breast cancer specimens examined also have low Nrf2 levels and increased Cul3. Keap1 protein levels are variable. We found no C23Y mutation in Keap1 of any of the cell lines. Using siRNA, we silenced Cul3 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and microarray analysis reveals the induction of GCL, NQO1, AKR1C1, UGDH, and TXN by at least 2-fold. The Nrf2-regulated ABCC1 drug transporter was also found to be increased. These Cul3-silenced MCF7 cells are highly resistant to oxidative stress induced by H2O2, to the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene, and to both Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel. This high Cul3/low Nrf2 signature may be key to cellular sensitivity to both chemical carcinogeneic stimuli as well as to cytotoxicity of commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs in established breast cancers. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(8):2432–40]
Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor cyclolignan picropodophyllin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in multidrug resistant osteosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Duan Zhenfeng , Choy Edwin , Harmon David , Yang Cao , Ryu Keinosuke , Schwab Joseph , Mankin Henry , Hornicek Francis J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is an important mediator of tumor cell survival and shows prognostic significance in sarcoma. To explore potential therapeutic strategies for interrupting signaling through this pathway, we assessed the ability of cyclolignan picropodophyllin (PPP), a member of the cyclolignan family, to selectively inhibit the receptor tyrosine kinase activity of IGF-IR in several sarcoma cell line model systems. Of the diverse sarcoma subtypes studied, osteosarcoma cell lines were found to be particularly sensitive to IGF-IR inhibition, including several multidrug resistant osteosarcoma cell lines with documented resistance to various conventional anticancer drugs. PPP shows relatively little toxicity in human osteoblast cell lines when compared with osteosarcoma cell lines. These studies show that PPP significantly inhibits IGF-IR expression and activation in both chemotherapy-sensitive and chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma cell lines. This inhibition of the IGF-IR pathway correlates with suppression of proliferation of osteosarcoma cell lines and with apoptosis induction as measured by monitoring of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and its cleavage product and by quantitative measurement of apoptosis-associated CK18Asp396. Importantly, PPP increases the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin in doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cell lines U-2OSMR and KHOSMR. Furthermore, small interfering RNA down-regulation of IGF-IR expression in drug-resistant cell lines also caused resensitization to doxorubicin. Our data suggest that inhibition of IGF-IR with PPP offers a novel and selective therapeutic strategy for ostosarcoma, and at the same time, PPP is effective at reversing the drug-resistant phenotype in osteosarcoma cell lines. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(8):2122–30]
Silibinin suppresses growth and induces apoptotic death of human colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells in culture and tumor xenograft
Authors: Kaur Manjinder , Velmurugan Balaiya , Tyagi Alpna , Deep Gagan , Katiyar Suchitra , Agarwal Chapla , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. The use of nontoxic phytochemicals in the prevention and intervention of colorectal cancer has been suggested as an alternative to chemotherapy. Here we assessed the anticancer efficacy of silibinin against advanced colorectal cancer LoVo cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that silibinin treatment strongly inhibits the growth of LoVo cells (P &lt; 0.05-0.001) and induces apoptotic death (P &lt; 0.01-0.001), which was associated with increased levels of cleaved caspases (3 and 9) and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Additionally, silibinin caused a strong cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and a slight but significant G2-M-phase arrest at highest concentration (P &lt; 0.01-0.001). Molecular analyses for cell cycle regulators showed that silibinin decreases the level of cyclins (D1, D3, A and B1) and cyclin-dependent kinases (1, 2, 4, and 6) and increases the level of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p21 and p27). Consistent with these results, silibinin treatment also decreased the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein at Ser780, Ser795, and Ser807/Ser811 sites without significantly affecting its total level. In animal studies, oral administration of silibinin for 6 weeks (at 100 and 200 mg/kg/d for 5 days/wk) significantly inhibited the growth of LoVo xenograft (P &lt; 0.001) in athymic nude mice without any apparent toxicity. Analyses of xenograft tissue showed that silibinin treatment inhibits proliferation and increases apoptosis along with a strong increase in p27 levels but a decrease in retinoblastoma phosphorylation. Together, these results suggest the potential use of silibinin against advanced human colorectal cancer. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(8):2366–74]