bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive Navigation Using Inertial Navigation Sensors and Maps
Authors: III J. A. Lowrey , Shellenbarger J. C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Marine inertial navigation systems are subject to a build‐up of position, velocity, and attitude errors due to gyro and accelerometer errors, uncompensated vertical deflections of gravity, reference velocity error, and a host of other error sources. External references are commonly used to reduce or bound the navigation errors.Of the various reference techniques that are available to reduce navigation errors, passive reference devices/techniques are preferred. This paper describes one such technique that uses existing inertial platform accelerometers, INS position and velocity data, and depth gauge information to measure the gravity anomaly profile. The gravity anomaly profile measurements are compared with a gravity anomaly map and navigation corrections are computed using map matching techniques in a passive navigation filter. The passive navigation filter models the inertial navigation errors, gravity anomaly map errors, and anomaly measurement errors to provide navigation corrections. The technique also uses gravity anomaly measurements to improve velocity error. The anomaly map data is augmented by anomaly measurements along the submarine track. Real time computations using the Venning‐Meinesz equations are performed to generate vertical deflection corrections along the track. These corrections are then used to generate velocity corrections.The passive navigation technique using gravity anomaly maps is totally passive. The test technique for evaluation does not involve any changes to the existing operational ESGN hardware or software, however, additional software would be needed to implement the passive navigation filter.
Architecting a Missile System for Navy Theater Ballistic Missile Defense
Authors: Patel A. , Kjos K. , Sasso F. , Robinson S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  While most of the theater ballistic missiles (TBM) in threat countries' inventories are of the shorter range SCUD varieties, mid‐ to long‐range versions are currently in development in a number of third world countries. Threat potential exists in the following three battle spaces: endo‐atmosphere (0–30 km), high endo‐atmosphere (30–70 km) and exo‐atmosphere (greater than 70 km). The inherent short range and low speed of endo‐atmospheric threats match well with capabilities of SM‐2 Block IVA, which equips the Navy with an area defense capability. The exo‐atmospheric TBMs are longer range and can threaten more targets which may be widely dispersed. Their higher velocities reduce response times dramatically. Therefore, exo‐atmospheric TBMs create the need for Standard Missile‐3 (SM‐3), which provides the Navy with theater wide defense capability.Defining its area and theater wide systems as clearly endo‐atmospheric and exo‐atmospheric systems allows the Navy to use derivatives of the Standard Missile Block IV to take full advantage of the conditions associated with each of these operating zones. Use of an existing missile and ship system baseline also allows use of the existing interface structure to minimize cost.To counter the endo‐atmospheric TBMs, the SM‐2 BLK IVA upgrades include an advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seeker, an improved fast‐reaction auto pilot and a forward looking RR all in the same volume as the existing missile. The highly responsive SM‐2 Block IVA missile, complemented with Aegis weapons systems modifications, provides capability against enemy aircraft and cruise missiles, as well as TBMs. Standard Missile‐3 (SM‐3) replaces the SM‐2 Block IV warhead, radar and guidance section with a boosted third stage and an advanced kinetic warhead (KW). Operation in the exo‐atmospheric region permits a KW design with autonomous guidance control and divert thrusters for high maneuverability and has the capability of achieving very high interceptor velocities.
Superconducting Antennas: What Can They Do for the Navy?
Authors: Martin A. M. Leese , Bowling D. R. , Neel M. M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  In situations where a limited platform size forces the use of electrically small antennas (especially 30 Mhz–3 GHz), superconducting antennas can increase gain performance by up to 10dB. Both superconducting electrically small half loops and spirals have shown significant increases in performance over their normal metal counterparts. Additionally, compact arrays, such as a multi function array or GPS anti‐jam arrays, where mutual coupling between elements increases loss can benefit from superconducting elements as well.Ongoing progress in the areas of high quality, large area high temperature superconducting (HTS) thin film and multilayer growth, including frequency agile materials such as the perovskite ferroelectrics, has opened the doors for producing superconducting antennas which could be used in the fleet. The development of cost effective small cryogenic coolers has also made superconducting antennas a viable technology.This paper will review both the fundamental RF properties of high temperature superconductors (HTS) and demonstrations of increased performance by superconducting antennas. Conditions requiring a superconducting antenna, examples of possible systems and industry's ability to produce them will be discussed. Superconductivity is a viable technology ready for incorporation into appropriate Naval RF systems.
Payoffs and Challenges of Human Systems Integration (HSI) Modeling and Simulations in a Virtual Environment
Authors: Malone T. B. , Baker C. C. , Kirkpatrick M. , Anderson D. E. , Bost J. R. , Williams C. D. , Walker S. A. , Hu T. H. G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  To ensure that the human component is adequately addressed in system design, requirements for human performance, manning levels, training, and safety, the elements of human systems integration (HSI) must be considered early in the design process. HSI requirements are integrated through implementation of HSI modeling and simulation (M & S). Objectives of HSI M & S are to: (1) assess alternative concepts in terms of human performance, productivity, workload, and; (2) provide human performance inputs to system level simulation, and determine the impact of system design and organization on human performance and safety; (3) quantify relationships between human capabilities and system characteristics; and (4) visualize and quantify spatial relationships between humans and system elements.Payoffs of HSI M & S are the ability to: (1) acquire data on human performance, skills, and safety provisions in advance of system construction; (2) model human performance in system concept alternatives; (3) assess human performance as a function of human machine interface (HMI) design concepts; and (4) assess team performance as a function of HMI design, communications design, and collaborative problem solving.Challenges of HSI M & S in a virtual environment include problems associated with: (1) virtual interfaces (of the simulated system); (2) human perception and cognition in virtual environments; (3) virtual object manipulation; and (4) quality of data acquired during simulation.
Conversion of EX T‐AGOS 14
Authors: Liou Y. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The USNS Worthy had been a T‐AGOS 13 Class ocean surveillance ship equipped with a Surveillance Towed Array Sonar system (SURTASS) to collect, process and transmit underwater acoustic signal data to shore facilities for evaluation. Decommissioning of the entire class and removal of the SURTASS system left a vessel with a considerable useful service life, abundant electrical generation capability, and accommodations and working spaces. These features meshed well with the U.S. Geological Survey's need for a research vessel. Preliminary conversion plans and preparation of detailed alteration drawings and specifications were completed. However, after USGS acceptance of the unconverted vessel from the reserve fleet, funding constraints delayed conversion indefinitely, and lay‐up of the vessel was a likely probability.Fortunately, at this time, Raytheon Range Systems Engineering (RSE) was in need of a platform for the Kwajalein Mobile Range Safety System (KMRSS) for the U.S. Army at Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA). The characteristics of the Worthy met KMRSS requirements with a sufficient margin to allow a joint usage agreement and incorporation of features for future USGS use in the conversion design.This paper describes both the USGS and KMRSS vessel design and KMRSS conversion effort.
The AEM/S System, a Paradigm‐Breaking Mast, Goes to Sea
Authors: Benson J. L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The Advanced Enclosed Mast/Sensor (AEM/S) System, the Navy's newest mast, is a high‐risk, high‐payoff Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) sponsored by the Office of Naval Research and initiated in Fiscal Year 1995 to develop the U.S. Navy's next generation of ships' masts. By enclosing major antennas and other sensitive equipment, the AEM/S System protects item from the weather. This reduces maintenance requirements and life‐cycle costs. Because of its shape. structure, and frequency selective surfaces (FSS), the AEM/S System provides significantly reduced radar signature. The largest composite topside structure aboard a U.S. Navy ship, the AEM/S System was installed aboard the Spruartce Class multimission destroyer USS Arthur W. Radford DD 968 on 17 May 1997 to replace her main (aft) mast.The AEM/S System ATD is a vital component of the Navy's overall program to develop the next generation of surface combatants. Goals for these ships include signature control, reduced life‐cycle costs, low‐cost manufacturing, and enhanced sustainabiiity.The AEM/S System is currently being evaluated for installation aboard the LPD 17 the Navy's next generation of amphibious transport dock ships.The AEM/S System provides the designers of next‐generation ships with a demonstrated technology—and with a demonstrated methodology for implementing the technology—to help meet the Navy's objectives for signature control, reduced life‐cycle cost, and enhanced sustainabiiity.
Recapitalizing the Navy Through Optimized Manning and Improved Reliability
Authors: Anderson D. E. , Malone T. B. , Baker C. C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Reduced manning is the process (and the result) of removing human functions from a system while retaining or improving system operability and effectiveness. Reliability and maintainability characterize a system's operability and effectiveness. Reduced manning impacts system reliability by changing the characteristics of (1) human error associated with system operation and maintenance, (2) time to repair failed components, and (3) mean‐time‐between‐failures (MBTF) in a reduced manning environment.Simply reducing manning without compensating for system dependence on human involvement generally has a negative impact on system maintainability. Methods to address this include (1) human‐system integration design of maintenance interfaces and (2) design of operations activities that are closely related to device failures.After demonstrating reliable performance through testing and operation, ship commanders can be assured that fewer people can effectively operate and maintain Navy ships and systems.
Extreme Motion Analysis and Simulation for Ship Design and Operations
Authors: Burton D. , DeKat J. , Sheinberg R. , Minnick P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTNaval architects of the world use static approximations to allow for dynamic effects in the prediction of stability. With the advent of powerful computers, engineers can now model dynamic responses of ships within hours and operational staffs can have the benefit of these capabilities in a more real time setting.Six years ago a Cooperative Research Navies (CRNav) project was established to develop dynamic stability criteria and study the physics of extreme motion phenomena. The project is sponsored by a Dynamic Stability Working Group which includes members from the Australian, Canadian, Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States Navies, and U.S. Coast Guard along with the Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN). As a result of the work done to date, a time domain motion analysis program has been developed. This program includes the capability to model a steered ship in extreme sea conditions and display animation to allow the user to visualize surfriding, broaching, capsizing and other extreme events. The use of this program and the criteria developed from the CRNav project will lead to significant improvement in the various nations' ship design and operational guidance capabilities. This paper outlines work done to date to develop a dynamic stability analysis system and includes a discussion of the Cooperative Research Navies project: explaining findings for capsizing physics and criteria; the time domain ship motion simulation program FREDYN, including its animation software and validation; proposals for extensions to damaged ship conditions, and the future of U.S. design and operational applications.
Acquisition of the Enhanced Maritime Prepositioning Force, MPF(E), Ship
Authors: Mazumdar T. , Sandison J. , DuFlocq R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The paper will describe the streamlined acquisition process involved in the procurement, and conversion, of the first two of three Enhanced Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF(E)) ships. This program was one of the first programs undertaken within the Government's new policy of Acquisition Reform, which resulted in the development of “performance based” requirements for these ships.This program is notable in that one prime contractor is responsible for the accomplishment of all phases, and that the contractors participating were not shipyards as is usually the fashion for Government ship acquisition programs. Also of note, was that after the conversion contracts were awarded, responsibility for the conduct of detail design, conversion, and operation and maintenance of the ship was transferred from the NAVSEA Sealift Program Office (PMS 385) to the Military Sealift Command (MSC).The first part of the paper will describe the basic mission of the MPF(E) ships, and a description of the origin of the program requirements. The second part of the paper will chronicle in detail the portions of the engineering design and specification development process, which will include descriptions of the unique digital data recording and tracking systems developed by the Government MPF(E) Design Support Team to support the acquisition phases of the procurement. The third and final part of the paper will elaborate on the conversion contract awards and the transition of the program from PMS 385 to MSC.
SEMA Motor Modules for Shipboard Applications
Authors: Gilbert R. W. , Kessinger R. L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  A new high‐power‐density motor/alternator/controller technology, now being developed for a wide range of commercial and aerospace applications, will be able to provide the power and control needed by future naval systems more efficiently, affordably, and with less weight than other electric alternatives. The central product of this technology development is the Integrated Motion Module (IMM). IMMs are essentially mechatronic systems that combine the motor, sensing, power electronics, and control functions for a single axis of motion into a lightweight modular unit. The functional integration of these components will make possible significant reductions in motor/alternator size and weight, while increasing power density and electromechanical conversion efficiency. Using a small set of IMM designs, motion control systems of arbitrary complexity may be easily assembled.The IMM development effort is integrating several advanced technologies to achieve its aggressive performance and cost goals. IMMs are based on a revolutionary motor/alternator technology with unprecedented torque characteristics. Known as the Segmented Electro‐Magnetic Array (SEMA), this motor, combined with state of the art power electronics and active cooling techniques, provides very high power output from a small, lightweight module.
Improved Navy Ship Fuel Systems
Authors: McGowen H. , Nilsen L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The forward deployment of a naval task force is dependent upon the performance of the Underway Replenishment (UNREP) systems, especially Fueling At Sea (FAS). A series of Office of Naval Research (ONR) sponsored developments are reviewed that will help Navy ships to achieve current and future FAS requirements with reduced manning, Life Cycle Cost (LCC), and risk of pollution. The following developments are presented:DDG 51 class Improved Fuel Fill Control System (IFFCS) development and DDG 57 at sea demonstration.Combat Logistic Force (CLF) Fuel Transfer Recording System and the AOE 8 installation and operating experience.CV/CVN Fuel Tank Monitoring and Display System development.Improved UNREP Phone, Distance, and Data Link System development.Tensioned Hose Fueling At Sea System (THFASS) Development. Improvements of the Navy's fuelsystems are necessary to help meet current and future operational, LCC, manning, and environmental requirements. The improvements provided by these developments illustrate that COTS technologies and hardware can have a significant impact on the Fleet's FAS and storage systems.
Value Structure Analysis and Process‐Derived Performance Metrics for Shipbuilding
Authors: Koenig P. C. , von Kuegelgen J. E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The highly competitive international merchant ship market compels shipbuilders to deliver competitive value to their customers. U.S. naval ship construction, however, takes place within a different type of business climate. In this environment, economic competition is constrained and value can only be assured by directly measuring it. In this paper, the problems associated with various existing value assessment methods applied to naval shipbuilding are discussed. It is found that a bottom‐up, process‐based approach is the key to naval shipbuilding value assessment.The first step in building a process‐derived industrial performance measurement system is to identify the appropriate discrete processes and build them into a value chain model. It was found that the standard value chain breakdown method could not adequately account for all of the relevant shipbuilding strategy variables, therefore a new multi‐dimensional value chain breakdown was developed. Concurrent with the collection of value chain data, performance metrics for each process are being formulated. Analysis of individual process performance in the context of corporate strategies as documented in the value chain will enable a roll‐up of performance and value from bottom to top, i.e. from individual processes through to the total shipbuilding outcome.
Reducing CV Life Cycle Costs Through Process Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Stanco J. , Malesich M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  An innovative methodology has been developed to achieve the objectives of carrier operation optimization programs utilizing Integrated Definition (IDEF) modeling and associated Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) tools. The primary objectives of the programs include manpower reduction, integrated automation, and support for new operational concepts. The methodology incorporates the use of process Modeling and Simulation (M&S) to establish the requirements for developing optimized carrier operations. This approach uses new techniques in performing analyses required, and replaces costly stovepipe approaches. Process M&S illustrates the impacts on operations if manpower is reduced, the impact to manpower if processes are modified, the areas where automation is most beneficial, and the capacity of existing and proposed processes in terms of meeting operational requirements.Process M&S is also used to assist in the evaluation of carrier re‐design proposals, the analysis of potential modifications to existing doctrine, and the analysis of human factors issues. The IDEF process modeling methodology, coupled with the interfacing requirements of the process, information, and product models identify opportunities for improvement. The methodology provides a basis upon which changes and specifications to the current system acquisition process as well as carrier operations can be made in a “total ship” evaluation framework.Rob provided insight into the need for integrating process, product, and information M&S applications and has discussed approaches for achieving this integration with the authors. Rob has also provided information regarding the application of systems engineering to M&S efforts.
Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Diesel Power Generators Onboard Ships
Authors: Ayyub Bilal M. , Karaszewski Zbigniew , Wade Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a methodology and guidelines for applying risk methods in design and operation of maritime systems were developed and demonstrated using a case study of marine diesel generators. The methodology consists of several modules that include system definition based on functional and performance requirements, definition of dependencies among subsystems, data collection and reduction, reliability and risk analyses, and results reduction for use in decision analysis. The methodology was used to assess and analyze typical service diesel generators found onboard ships. The analysis included the generation of cut sets for the overall reliability of the system. The most likely failure scenarios were determined by demonstration as the failure of fuel supply components. The results are consistent with previous findings of the U. S. Coast Guard.
A Technology Overview for a Proposed Navy Surface Combatant DC Zonal Electric Distribution System
Authors: Ciezki John G. , Ashton Robert W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe U.S. Navy is currently investigating the implementation of a DC Zonal Electric Distribution System (DC ZEDS) as a component of an Integrated Power System (IPS) for the next generation of surface combatant. In replacing the currently ac radial distribution system, significant gains can be realized in terms of survivability, weight, manning, and cost. DC ZEDS is predicated on having starboard and port dc busses feeding electrical zones delineated by watertight bulkhead compartments. The main bus dc voltage is stepped down within the zone and then converted to three‐phase ac and lower voltage dc by additional power converters. Due to the large interconnection of tightly regulated power converters in a stiffly connected system, negative input impedance effects create the possibility of unwanted resonances. In this paper, the authors describe the rationale for the dc zonal system, characterize the key components, and highlight the stability issues.
It's In the Bag: Submarine Plastic Waste Management
Authors: Vaughters Douglas S. , Olson Todd M. , Gill Sean E. , Wagner Laurie A. (Devlin) 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 prohibits the discharge of plastic waste from U.S. Navy submarines after December 31, 2008. This will require the Navy submarine community to develop an effective method for handling and storing plastic waste aboard for eventual return to port. Paramount objectives include volume reduction, sanitary packaging of the waste, and locating suitable storage spaces on each submarine class. Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center conducted a review of all potential plastic waste processing options. The submarine trash compactor unit and Navy odor barrier bags were selected for detailed investigation. A process was developed whereby plastic waste was compacted directly into high strength odor barrier bags called submarine plastic waste containment bags. Potential storage locations for compacted plastic waste have been identified aboard the Los Angeles (SSN 688), Ohio (SSBN 726), and Seawolf (SSN 21) classes. Plastic Waste Management Demonstrations will be conducted on each submarine class to evaluate the suitability and effectiveness of the proposed plastic waste management solutions.