bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of co‐surfactant‐modified micelles on chiral separations in EKC
Authors: Kojtari Adeline B. , Guetschow Erik D. , Foley Joe P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe use of chiral pseudostationary phases in EKC provides high efficiencies and excellent resolution for enantiomeric separations. The chiral pseudostationary phases of interest in this study are alcohol‐modified (“swollen”) micelles, in which a co‐surfactant (medium chain‐length alcohol) is added with the surfactant. In this study, the chiral surfactant, dodecoxycarbonylvaline (DDCV), along with the co‐surfactant, 2‐hexanol, has been prepared as swollen micelle in order to investigate the chiral separation of enantiomeric pairs. Three sets of experiments were investigated in which swollen micelle systems contained: chiral surfactant and racemic co‐surfactant; chiral surfactant and chiral co‐surfactant; and phase ratio increases, in which both chiral surfactant and chiral co‐surfactant were employed. In the first two sets of experiments, co‐surfactant concentration was held constant and the surfactant concentration was increased. In the third set of experiments, both surfactant and chiral surfactant concentrations were increased proportionally. The chromatographic figures of merit for each enantiomeric pair were investigated and compared with various chiral aggregate systems. In swollen micelle compositions using constant racemic 2‐hexanol concentration, when DDCV concentration increased, enantioselectivity and resolution increased; whereas, efficiency remained constant for most of the test compounds. Compositions using constant S‐2‐hexanol concentration reached a maximum in all chromatographic figures of merit when DDCV concentration was increased from 2 to 3%. An increase in both surfactant and co‐surfactant concentrations led to noisy baselines and chiral aggregates that were generally unstable in solution.
Advanced CE for chiral analysis of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers in biological samples
Authors: Mikuš Peter , Maráková Katarína 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn analysis of recent trends indicates that CE can show real advantages over chromatographic methods in ultratrace enantioselective determination of biologically active compounds in complex biological matrices. It is due to high separation efficiency and many applicable in‐capillary electromigration effects in CE (countercurrent migration, stacking effects) enhancing significantly (enantio)separability and enabling effective sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, analyte derivatization). Other possible on‐line combinations of CE, such as column coupled CE–CE techniques and implementation of nonelectrophoretic techniques (extraction, membrane filtration, flow injection) into CE, offer additional approaches for highly effective sample preparation and separation. CE matured to a highly flexible and compatible technique enabling its hyphenation with powerful detection systems allowing extremely sensitive detection (e.g. LIF) and/or structural characterization of analytes (e.g. MS). Within the last decade, more as well as less conventional analytical on‐line approaches have been effectively utilized in this field and their practical potentialities are demonstrated on many new application examples in this article. Here, three basic areas of (enantioselective) drug bioanalysis are highlighted and supported by a brief theoretical description of each individual approach in a compact review structure (to create integrated view on the topic), including (i) progressive enantioseparation approaches and new enantioselective agents, (ii) in‐capillary sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, derivatization), and (iii) detection possibilities related to enhanced sensitivity and structural characterization.
K‐Ras mutant fraction in A/J mouse lung increases as a function of benzo[a]pyrene dose
Authors: Meng Fanxue , Knapp Geremy W. , Green Terry , Ross Jeffrey A. , Parsons Barbara L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractK‐Ras mutant fraction (MF) was measured to examine the default assumption of low‐dose linearity in the benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) mutational response. Groups of 10 male A/J mice (7‐ to 9‐weeks old) received a single i.p. injection of 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, or 50 mg/kg B[a]P and were sacrificed 28 days after treatment. K‐Ras codon 12 TGT and GAT MFs in lung DNAs were measured using Allele‐specific Competitive Blocker‐PCR (ACB‐PCR). The K‐Ras codon 12 TGT geometric mean MF was 3.88 × 10−4 in controls, indicating an average of 1 mutation in every ∼1,288 lung cells. The K‐Ras codon 12 TGT geometric mean MFs were as follows: 3.56 × 10−4; 6.19 × 10−4; 2.02 × 10−3, and 3.50 × 10−3 for the 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg B[a]P treatment groups, respectively. The 5 and 50 mg/kg dose groups had TGT MFs significantly higher than did controls. Although 10−5 is considered as the limit of accurate ACB‐PCR quantitation, K‐Ras codon 12 GAT geometric mean MFs were as follows: 8.38 × 10−7, 1.47 × 10−6, 2.19 × 10−6, 5.71 × 10−6, and 8.99 × 10−6 for the 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg B[a]P treatment groups, respectively. The K‐Ras TGT and GAT MFs increased in a B[a]P‐dose‐dependent manner, with response approximately linear over the 0.05 to 5 mg/kg dose range. K‐Ras MF increased with B[a]P adduct burden measured for identical doses in a separate study. Thus, ACB‐PCR may be useful in characterizing the shape of a dose‐response curve at low doses and establishing relationships between DNA adducts and tumor‐associated mutations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2010. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisiting old bones: coupled carbon isotope analysis of bioapatite and collagen as an ecological and palaeoecological tool
Authors: Clementz M.T. , Fox‐Dobbs K. , Wheatley P.V. , Koch P.L. , Doak D.F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIsotopic studies of palaeoecological and ecological questions often use bone collagen or bioapatite as substrates, but rarely both. Substantial new information can be gained from the incorporation of isotopic values from both the organic and inorganic fractions of bone. Here we show that combining isotopic data from both substrates provides valuable and unique insights into (1) trophic relationships and dietary interactions; (2) differences in digestive physiologies and (3) identification of palaeontological or archaeological remains that lack diagnostic morphological characters. We present a range of new isotopic data collected from modern and fossil mammals, and investigate patterns within several published datasets. We define carbon isotope spacing variables, and then explore four diverse palaeoecological and ecological case studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cerebrospinal fluid total tau as a marker of Alzheimer's disease intensity
Authors: Sämgård Kajsa , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Hansson Oskar , Minthon Lennart , Londos Elisabet 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this longitudinal study was to test the hypothesis that CSF biomarkers in AD patients also may be forward‐looking measures that are associated not only with the degree and profile of cognitive impairment but also with changes in cognition over time.MethodsHere, we assessed the association of CSF Aβ42, T‐tau and P‐tau with neuropsychological scores of disease severity, as well as the rate of disease progression, in 142 patients with Alzheimer's disease. All patients were part of a 3‐year prospective longitudinal treatment study.ResultsA more rapid progress in MMSE score reduction was seen in AD patients with T‐tau levels higher than the upper quartile (800 ng/L) compared with Alzheimer's disease patients with lower T‐tau levels (p = 0.008). We also found that individuals with T‐tau > 800 ng/L performed worse in total scores and especially in memory and orientation when assessed with MMSE and ADAS cog than patients with T‐tau <800 ng/L. Similar results were obtained for P‐tau. No associations were seen between Aβ42 and cognitive scores or disease progression.DiscussionThese findings support the hypothesis that increased levels of T‐tau reflect the intensity of the disease and are associated with a more rapid disease progress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Getting lost in the community: a phone survey on the community‐dwelling demented people in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwok Timothy C. Y. , Yuen Kenneth S. L. , Ho Florence K. Y. , Chan W. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveResearch from Western countries reported that the incidence rate of dementia patients getting lost in the community ranged from 30 to 60%. It had imposed significant burden on the caregivers. In the current study, we investigated the situation on the incidents of getting lost in a densely populated as well as homogenous community environment.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty one caregivers of older adults with demented people who had either used dementia day care service or participated in a community survey were interviewed on the telephone. Respondents were asked on older adult's experience of getting lost in the community and their mode of care. Correlating factors of such incidents were examined.ResultsThe overall prevalence of lost history in our subjects was 27.5%. The subjects recruited from day care center were much more likely than those recruited from the community survey to have lost history (39.2% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.0001, χ2 test). Greater degrees of cognitive decline were associated with greater chance of having had lost episodes. Immobility was associated with lower risk. Both the older people and their caregivers had reported significant degrees of psychological disturbances after the incidents.ConclusionDemented people with greater degrees of cognitive decline and with mobility maintained are at greater risk of getting lost. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropsychological functioning in buprenorphine maintained patients versus abstinent heroin abusers on naltrexone hydrochloride therapy
Authors: Messinis Lambros , Lyros Epameinondas , Andrian Virginia , Katsakiori Paraskevi , Panagis George , Georgiou Vasileios , Papathanasopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRationaleMethadone and buprenorphine are among the most widely employed pharmacological treatments currently available for opioid addiction. Cognitive effects of buprenorphine in abstinent heroin abusers are nevertheless far from being understood.MethodsNeuropsychological performance of 18 buprenorphine‐maintained patients (BMP) was evaluated relative to that of 32 currently abstinent heroin abusers on naltrexone hydrochloride therapy (FHAN), and 34 non‐drug dependent controls. The three groups were demographically balanced. Clinical groups reported histories of similar patterns of drug use and had increased periods of abstinence from any illicit substance use including heroin.ResultsThe BMP group performed poorer than controls on the RAVLT (encoding and delayed recall of verbal information), CTT (conceptual flexibility, executive functions) and the RBANS figure copy (visual perception) and delayed recall of visual information. There were no significant differences in any of the cognitive measures between the BMP and FHAN groups or between the FHAN group and controls. Furthermore, the non‐differing percentage of abnormal cases between the two patient groups led us to infer that treatment with either BPM or FHAN is not accompanied by qualitative differences in the cognitive profiles of these patients.ConclusionOverall, results suggest that treatment with naltrexone in abstinent heroin abusers may result in less impairment of cognitive functions compared to treatment with buprenorphine. These findings are relevant for improved prognosis and treatment strategies in opioid dependence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Label‐free biochemical characterization of stem cells using vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Chan James W. , Lieu Deborah K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRaman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy are two complementary vibrational spectroscopic techniques that have experienced a tremendous growth in their use in biological and biomedical research. This is, in large part, due to their unique capability of providing label‐free intrinsic chemical information of living biological samples at tissue, cellular, or sub‐cellular resolutions. This article reviews recent developments in applying these techniques for the characterization of stem cells. A discussion of the potential for these methods to address some of the major challenges in stem cell research is presented, as well as the technological and scientific advancements that are needed to progress the knowledge in the field. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A rapidly resorbable hemostatic biomaterial based on dihydroxyacetone
Authors: Henderson Peter W. , Kadouch Daniel J. M. , Singh Sunil P. , Zawaneh Peter N. , Weiser Jennifer , Yazdi Sara , Weinstein Andrew , Krotscheck Ursula , Wechsler Bennett , Putnam David , Spector Jason A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe have developed a rapid acting, rapidly resorbable, non‐toxic, topical hemostatic agent comprised of a PEGylated, polymerized sequence of dihydroxyacetone (MPEG‐pDHA) that is highly effective in vivo. Twenty‐eight Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent left lateral hepatectomy. To the cut edge of the liver, rats received MPEG‐pDHA (50 mg), normal saline (0.5 mL), or Instat™ (50 mg), a commercially available hemostatic compound. Bleeding time and total blood loss were quantified. Coagulation studies and scanning electron microscopy were performed on phlebotomized blood combined with MPEG‐pDHA. Rats treated with MPEG‐pDHA had significantly decreased bleeding time (97 s) and total blood loss (1.35 g) compared to normal saline (464 s and 3.83 g, p < 0.05 for each), and a significantly shorter bleeding time compared to Instat (165 s, p < 0.05). Histology confirmed that all MPEG‐pDHA was metabolized within 3 weeks. The addition of MPEG‐pDHA to whole blood did not significantly affect prothrombin time (12.0 s vs. 13.2 s, p = 0.130), partial thromboplastin time (27.0 s vs. 21.8 s, p = 0.118), or thrombin clotting time. MPEG‐pDHA is an effective and rapidly resorbable hemostatic agent that may find broad hemostatic application in a wide range of surgical procedures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Participation and sector selection in Nicaragua
Authors: Pozzoli Dario , Ranzani Marco 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates the structure of the labor market in Nicaragua and is aimed at understanding the determinants of the choice between a number of segments, namely inactivity, unemployment, agriculture, the formal and the informal sectors. In addition, a model with a separate participation equation is estimated: it allows us to understand that age mainly is a supply‐side factor, while education is an important element determining employer's choices Information networks, captured by the presence of a household member working in the formal sector, and geographical barriers to mobility also play a leading role. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracorporeally irradiated autograft‐prosthetic composite arthroplasty using AML® extensively porous‐coated stem for proximal femur reconstruction: A clinical analysis of 14 patients
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Fong , Chen Wei‐Ming , Cheng Yu‐Chieh , Chiang Chao‐Ching , Huang Ching‐Kuei , Chen Tain‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAllograft‐prosthetic composite for reconstruction of the proximal femur after tumor excision is widely used as an alternative to megaprosthesis. To achieve greater biological fixation, we employed a long‐stem prosthesis that is cemented proximally into the extracorporeally irradiated autograft and press‐fit distally into the host femur without any supplementary plate fixation of the junction instead of the standard all‐cemented technique.MethodsFrom 1997 to 2002, 14 patients underwent proximal femur reconstruction with extracorporeally irradiated autograft‐prosthetic composite using an AML® extensively porous‐coated long stem for reconstruction of the bone defect of tumor excisions.ResultsAt the mean follow‐up period of 65.7 months, only one patient (8.1%) developed non‐union and another died of disease before union of the junction. The remaining 12 patients (85%) achieved union at a mean of 20.3 weeks (range, 14–40 weeks) without major complication. The mean functional Enneking score was 72.1% (range, 53–93%).ConclusionsThese clinical results show that this reliable and satisfactory technique promotes union through compression at the host‐graft junction with weight‐bearing by leaving the distal portion of the femoral stem uncemented into the host bone. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:418–422. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of surgical staging in locally advanced cervical cancer and subsequent chemotherapy
Authors: Marana Heitor Ricardo Cosiski , de Andrade Jurandyr Moreira , dos Reis Francisco José Cândido , Tiezzi Daniel Guimarães , Zola Fábio Eduardo , Clagnan Willan Simões , Garieri Alexandre Pavan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundSurgical staging (SS) is the gold standard for determination of the true extent of a patient's disease and is an important prognostic factor in cervical cancer. We investigated whether lymph node dissection (LND) prior to chemotherapy (CT) followed by radical surgery (RS) could modified overall (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).MethodsWe performed a cohort analysis of 98 patients with cervical carcinoma. The experimental group consisted of 36 patients who underwent SS followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and then by RS (objective response) or chemo‐radiation therapy (with or without subsequent surgery when not possible). The control group consisted of 62 similarly treated patients without pretreatment SS. The value of this procedure as a diagnostic tool in defining the extent of disease was evaluated. Furthermore, LND/CT‐associated treatment complications and the impacts on OS and DFS were also evaluated.ResultsFourteen (38.9%) patients had pelvic LN metastases and three (8.3%) patients had pelvic and para‐aortic LN metastases. The 39‐month OS and DFS rates for the current study were 80.6% for the staged group and 52% for non‐staged treatment (P < 0.001).ConclusionSS in cervical cancer is a feasible and safe pretreatment procedure, and when associated with CT, it improves OS and DFS. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:505–510. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hereditary multiple exostoses and juvenile colon carcinoma: A case with a common genetic background?
Authors: Pata Giacomo , Nascimbeni Riccardo , Di Lorenzo Diego , Gervasi Maria , Villanacci Vincenzo , Salerni Bruno 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA case of obstructing colon cancer is described in a 31‐year‐old patient affected by hereditary multiple exostoses. The association of these two rare conditions, which has never been described previously, and their early onset prompt us to discuss the clinical and genetic elements of a potential common pathogenic scenario. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:520–522. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical displacement of risk organs to improve stereotactic radiotherapy for liver tumors
Authors: Gunvén Peter , Jonas Eduard , Wersäll Peter , Lax Ingmar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrecision irradiation may cure some liver malignancies, but adjacent stomach and colon may interfere with the delivery of the desired high doses due to the risk for serious side effects.Methods and ResultsPreferably laparoscopic distancing of the risk organs included their mobilization, omental interposition between them and the target, and gastropexy to the lateral abdominal wall. This enabled us to more than double the radiation doses that were permitted by native anatomy.ConclusionMinimally invasive surgical displacement of risk organs may increase the prospect of local control of liver tumors after precision irradiation with little demand on the patients and resources. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:515–517. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cervical thymic anomalies—The Texas Children's Hospital experience
Authors: Sturm‐O'Brien Angela K. , Salazar Jorge D. , Byrd Robert H. , Popek Edwina J. , Giannoni Carla M. , Friedman Ellen M. , Sulek Marcelle , Larrier Deidre R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To review the presentation and management of cervical thymic cysts and ectopic thymic tissue at Texas Children's Hospital over the last 25 years.Study Design:Case report and case series using retrospective chart review.Methods:A case report is presented of a recently diagnosed thymic cyst highlighting diagnostic, management, and treatment strategies available for optimizing management of patients with significant mediastinal extension. We then present a retrospective review of cervical thymic anomalies at a tertiary academic medical center over a 25‐year span (1983–present). Data extracted include patients' characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, surgical management, and postoperative complications.Results:Fifteen patients were found to have a pathological diagnosis of cervical thymic cyst, and 10 patients had a diagnosis of ectopic thymic tissue in the neck. This is the largest case series of cervical thymic anomalies presented in the literature to date. Patients' characteristics, diagnostic techniques, and treatment strategies are discussed.Conclusions:Cervical thymic anomalies are a rare but necessary part of the differential diagnosis of a cervical mass. Computed tomography scan can both narrow the preoperative differential diagnosis and aid in surgical planning for thymic cyst excision. A full discussion of the embryology, clinical presentation, and management of cervical thymic cysts and a review of the current literature is presented. Laryngoscope, 2009
Influence of cold work and sigma phase on the pitting corrosion behavior of 25 chromium super duplex stainless steel in 3.5% sodium chloride solution.
Authors: Elhoud A. , Ezuber H. , Deans W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe effect of cold work (up to 16% strain) and sigma phase precipitation (at 850 °C for 10 and 60 min) on the pitting resistance of 25 chromium super duplex stainless steel were investigated in 3.5% sodium chloride solution at 70 and 90 °C. Anodic polarization scans for cold worked samples revealed immunity to pitting attack at 70 °C even with 16% strain. At 90 °C, the alloy still showed high pitting resistance, pitting occurring at about 600 mV (SCE) for the 16% plastic strain samples. A serious deterioration of the pitting corrosion resistance was found after heating the alloy at 850 °C for 10 min resulting in a clear drop in the pitting potential at 90 °C. After heating for 60 min, the material showed rapid deterioration of pitting corrosion resistance at 70 °C.