bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No pharmacokinetic interaction between paliperidone extended‐release tablets and trimethoprim in healthy subjects
Authors: Thyssen An , Cleton Adriaan , Talluri Krishna , Leempoels Jos , Janssens Luc , Boom Sandra , Eerdekens Marielle 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe effect of trimethoprim, a potent organic cation transport inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of paliperidone extended‐release tablets (paliperidone ER), an organic cation mainly eliminated via renal excretion, was assessed.MethodsOpen‐label, two‐period, randomized, crossover study in 30 healthy males. Single dose of paliperidone ER 6 mg was administered either alone on day 1 or day 5 during an 8‐day treatment period of trimethoprim 200 mg twice daily. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for PK and plasma protein binding of paliperidone and its enantiomers. The 90% confidence interval (CI) of ratios with/without trimethoprim for PK parameters of paliperidone and its enantiomers calculated.ResultsCreatinine clearance decreased from 119 to 102 mL min−1 with trimethoprim. Addition of trimethoprim increased unbound fraction of paliperidone by 16%, renal clearance by 13%, AUC∞ by 9%, and t½ by 19%. The 90% CIs for ratios with/without trimethoprim were within the 80–125% range for Cmax, AUClast, and renal clearance. For AUC∞, 90% CI was 79.37–101.51, marginally below the lower bound of the acceptance range. Paliperidone did not affect steady‐state plasma concentrations of trimethoprim.ConclusionsNo clinically important drug interactions are expected when paliperidone ER is administered with organic cation transport inhibitors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does the presence of a pharmacological substance alter the placebo effect?—results of two experimental studies using the placebo‐caffeine paradigm
Authors: Walach Harald , Schneider Rainer 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivesWe employed the placebo‐caffeine paradigm to test whether the presence or absence of a substance (caffeine) influences the placebo effect. Methods: In experiment 1 consisting of four conditions with n = 15 participants each (control, placebo, two double‐blind groups, each with placebo only), we maximized the placebo effect through expectation. Effects were assessed with physiological (blood pressure, heart rate), psychomotor (response times), and well‐being indicators (self‐report). In experiment 2, caffeine was administered in one of the double‐blind groups, and another condition was added where caffeine was given openly.ResultsEffect sizes were medium to large for some outcome parameters in experiment 1 and 2, showing partial replicability of the classical placebo effect. Although not formally significant, differences between the double blind placebo conditions of the two experiments (with and without caffeine present) were medium to small. There was a significant difference (p = 0.03) between experiment 1 and experiment 2 in the physiological variables, and a near significant interaction effect between groups and experiments in the physiological variables (p = 0.06).ConclusionThe question warrants further scrutiny. The presence of a pharmacological substance might change the magnitude of the placebo response. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cluster randomized, controlled trial of breast and cervix cancer screening in Mumbai, India: methodology and interim results after three rounds of screening
Authors: Mittra Indraneel , Mishra Gauravi A. , Singh Shalini , Aranke Sangeeta , Notani Perin , Badwe Rajendra , Miller Anthony B. , Daniel Elkan E. , Gupta Subhadra , Uplap Pallavi , Thakur Meenakshi H. , Ramani Subhash , Kerkar Rajendra , Ganesh Balasubramanian , Shastri Surendra S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCervix and Breast cancers are the most common cancers among women worldwide and extract a large toll in developing countries. In May 1998, supported by a grant from the NCI (US), the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India, started a cluster‐randomized, controlled, screening‐trial for cervix and breast cancer using trained primary health workers to provide health‐education, visual‐inspection of cervix (with 4% acetic acid‐VIA) and clinical breast examination (CBE) in the screening arm, and only health education in the control arm. Four rounds of screening at 2‐year intervals will be followed by 8 years of monitoring for incidence and mortality from cervix and breast cancers. The methodology and interim results after three rounds of screening are presented here. Good randomization was achieved between the screening (n = 75360) and control arms (n = 76178). In the screening arm we see: High screening participation rates; Low attrition; Good compliance to diagnostic confirmation; Significant downstaging; Excellent treatment completion rate; Improving case fatality ratios. The ever‐screened and never‐screened participants in the screening arm show significant differences with reference to the variables religion, language, age, education, occupation, income and health‐seeking behavior for gynecological and breast‐related complaints. During the same period, in the control arm we see excellent participation rate for health education; Low attrition and a good number of symptomatic referrals for both cervix and breast.
Is the improved prognosis of p16 positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma dependent of the treatment modality?
Authors: Fischer Claude A. , Zlobec Inti , Green Edith , Probst Simone , Storck Claudio , Lugli Alessandro , Tornillo Luigi , Wolfensberger Markus , Terracciano Luigi M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) induced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) increases in the western countries. These OPSCC show distinct molecular characteristics and are characterized by an overexpression of p16, considered a surrogate marker for HPV infection. When compared to patients with p16 negative OPSCC, patients with HPV induced p16 positive OPSCC show a significantly better prognosis, which is reported to be caused by increased radiosensitivity. The objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of p16 expression status on the prognosis of OPSCC treated by either radiotherapy (RT) or primary surgery. Results are based upon a tissue microarray (TMA) of 365 head neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) including 85 OPSCC with clinico‐pathological and follow‐up data. p16 positivity correlated significantly with oropharyngeal tumor localization (p < 0.001). Patients with p16 positive OPSCC exhibited a significantly better overall survival than those with p16 negative tumors (p = 0.007). In a multivariate analysis, survival benefit of patients with p16 positive OPSCC was independent of clinico‐pathological parameters such as cT and cN classification and treatment modality. The improved prognosis of p16 positive OPSCC is found after RT as well as after surgery.
Solving treasury problems in an age of global trade
Authors: Ehrlich Michael , Anandarajan Asokan , Fossaceca Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAs corporations expand to accommodate increased international trade, treasurers face new, tough problems. They are more challenged than ever to unlock working capital dispersed in multiple currencies and regions. The growth in global trade also means that treasurers must become more involved in day‐to‐day business operations. The authors look at treasury challenges in three key areas: the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overcoming the 9 deadly sins of balanced scorecards
Authors: Nair Mohan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe balanced scorecard has become an essential part of the strategic arsenal of many organizations. When a balanced scorecard is designed well, it can build resilience during challenging times. This article points out some of the problems organizations often have in planning and implementing a balanced scorecard—and how to avoid them. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differentiation of Leydig cells in the Mongolian gerbil
Authors: Pinto Maria Etelvina , Egydio Fernanda De Mattos , Taboga Sebastião Roberto , Mendis‐Handagama S.M.L. Chamindrani , Góes Rejane Maira 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInformation on postnatal Leydig cell (LC) differentiation in the Mongolian gerbil has been unavailable. Therefore, current investigation was designed to examine LC lineage differentiationin this rodent, from birth to adulthood. Gerbil testes at 1 day, 1–7 weeks (w), 2 and 3 months of age were conventionally processed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Immunocytochemistry for specific markers of steroidogenic enzymes, namely 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) and 11β‐hydroxysteroid steroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β‐HSD1) and also for androgen receptor (AR) was performed. The establishment of adult Leydig cell populations (ALC) during testis maturation in the gerbil follows the pattern previously described in other mammalian species, with the four progressive stages of differentiation. The LC progenitors were identified at second w by 3β‐HSD expression; the first newly formed ALC were recognized at fourth w whereas immature ALC appeared at fifth w. The latter were recognized by abundance of cytoplasmic lipid, in addition to expression of 11β‐HSD1 and intense nuclear AR immunoreaction. Mature ALC in gerbil exhibited irregular eccentric nuclei and a cytoplasmic canaliculus in the perinuclear area. Only one third of mature ALC in adult gerbils showed a high expression of 11β‐HSD1 and AR expression was highly variable among them. In conclusion, the process of differentiation of ALC population in gerbil follows the pattern previously established for other rodents. However, the resulting mature ALC are strikingly different due their singular asymmetric morphology and presence of a cytoplasmic canaliculus and as well as their functional heterogeneity. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute hepatitis E virus infection in Taiwan 2002–2006 revisited: PCR shows frequent co‐infection with multiple hepatitis viruses
Authors: Wu Kuan‐Ta , Chung Kun‐Ming , Feng I.‐Che , Sheu Ming‐Jen , Kuo Hsing‐Tao , Koay Lok‐Beng , Lin Chin‐Yih , Tang Ling‐Yu , Tsai Sun‐Lung 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSporadic cases of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection with production of anti‐HEV IgM have been reported occasionally in Taiwan despite no reported outbreaks in the past. This study was undertaken to determine whether serological markers correlated with virus detection. From 2002 to 2006, 72 reported cases of acute hepatitis E seropositive for anti‐HEV IgM in Taiwan were enrolled for investigation. Acute phase serum samples were collected for detection of HEV RNA, HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and GBV‐C RNA by PCR. The results showed that viral sequences of HEV, HBV, HCV and GBV‐C were detected in 54 (75%), 21 (29.2%), 9 (12.5%), and 22 (30.6%) of cases, respectively. Acute hepatitis A co‐infection was excluded in all patients because none were seropositive for anti‐HAV IgM and, nine patients (12.5%) did not seroconvert to anti‐HEV IgG. These results suggest that serum markers did not correlate completely with viremia in the diagnosis of acute HEV infection. Multiple viruses may co‐infect with acute hepatitis E virus in Taiwan. Detection of hepatitis E viremia together with seropositivity for anti‐HEV IgM and followed by seroconversion to anti‐HEV IgG should be included in the diagnostic criteria for HEV infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1734–1742, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viral load and physical status of human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 in cervical samples from female sex workers infected with HPV 18 in Burkina Faso
Authors: Damay Audrey , Didelot‐Rousseau Marie‐Noelle , Costes Valérie , Konate Issouf , Ouedraogo Abdoulaye , Nagot Nicolas , Foulongne Vincent , Van de Perre Philippe , Mayaud Philippe , Segondy Michel 
Published: August 2009

AbstractViral DNA load and physical status might be predictive of either high‐grade cervical lesions or disease progression among women infected by human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, but these virological markers have rarely been studied in HPV 18 infections. The relationships between HPV 18 DNA load, viral genome physical status and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions were analyzed among female sex workers infected with HPV18 in Burkina Faso. HPV 18 E2 and E6 genes were quantitated by real‐time PCR. Among 21 women infected with HPV 18, 67% of whom were HIV‐1‐seropositive, 11 (52.4%) had a normal cytology, 8 (38.1%) had low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 2 (9.5%) had high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Total viral load and integrated viral load were higher in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions than in women with normal cytology (P = 0.01 for both parameters). Total viral load and integrated viral load were higher in HIV‐1‐seropositive women than in those who were not infected with HIV (P = 0.01, and P, 0.01, respectively). Total viral load or integrated viral load >1,000 copies/ng of DNA were more frequent in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions than in women with normal cytology (7/10 vs. 1/11; P = 0.007) and in HIV‐1‐seropositive women (8/14 vs. 0/7 in HIV‐uninfected women; P = 0.02). Both HPV 18 DNA and integrated DNA loads might represent markers of cervical lesions. Prospective evaluations are needed to establish the value of these parameters to predict high‐grade lesion or lesion progression. J. Med. Virol. 81:1786–1791, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of the binding of HCV serum particles to human hepatocytes by E1E2‐specific D32.10 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Ndongo Ndiémé , Rechoum Yassine , De Sequeira Sylvie , Zoulim Fabien , Trépo Christian , Drouet Emmanuel , Petit Marie‐Anne 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the inhibition of binding activity of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) D32.10 which recognizes a highly conserved discontinuous antigenic determinant (E1:297–306, E2:480–494, and E2:613–621) expressed on the surface of serum‐derived HCV particles (HCVsp) of genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, and 3a. To this end, an in vitro direct cell‐binding assay based on the attachment of radiolabeled HCVsp was developed, and Scatchard plots were used to analyze ligand–receptor binding data. HCV adsorption was also assessed by quantitating cell‐associated viral RNA by a real‐time RT‐PCR method. Saturable concentration‐dependent specific binding of HCVsp to Huh‐7 or HepaRG cells was demonstrated. The Scatchard transformed data showed two‐site interaction for Huh‐7 and proliferative HepaRG cells: the high‐affinity binding sites (Kd1 = 0.1–0.5 µg/ml) and the low‐affinity binding sites (Kd1 = 5–10 µg/ml), and one‐site high‐affinity binding model between E1E2/D32.10‐positive HCVsp and hepatocyte‐like differentiated HepaRG cells. The E1E2‐specific mAb D32.10 inhibited efficiently (>60%) and selectively the binding with an IC50 ≤0.5 µg/ml in all the experimental approaches using serum HCV of genotype either 3 or 1b. This supports the involvement of the E1E2/D32.10 discontinuous antigenic determinant in the interactions between human hepatocytes and HCVsp, and suggests that D32.10‐like antibodies present in sera from patients infected with HCV could play a protective role. J. Med. Virol. 81:1726–1733, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imported and autochthonous hepatitis E virus strains in Spain
Authors: Fogeda M. , Avellón A. , Cilla C.G. , Echevarría J.M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis E, an acute liver disease displaying diverse epidemiological patterns that correlate with the genetic diversity of the virus. Only a few strains have been characterized to date from cases of hepatitis E in Spain. Using three sets of new, HEV‐specific primers, viral genome fragments were amplified from serum samples from 13 patients with acute hepatitis in different regions of Spain. Direct sequencing of these fragments and analysis of sequences lead to identify six genotype 1, six genotype 3, and one genotype 4 viral strains. Genotype 1 sequences were found in the clade with subtype 1a strains, and were amplified from travelers from India and Bangladesh, and from an African immigrant. Genotype 3 sequences were found in the clade with subtype 3f strains, were always amplified from patients who did not travel abroad recently, and were closely related to sequences from swine strains isolated in Spain. Patients infected by these strains lived in different regions and were mainly men aged above 50 years. The single genotype 4 sequence detected was amplified from a traveler returning from Vietnam. Hepatitis E is both an imported and an autochthonous disease in Spain, and closely related HEV genotype 3f strains are responsible for infections acquired locally in different regions of the country within a given time. Studies involving a significant number of human, swine, and environmental viral strains collected prospectively are, however, required in order to confirm a swine origin for autochthonous HEV genotype 3 human infections. J. Med. Virol. 81:1743–1749, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immune activation and antibody responses in non‐progressing elite controller individuals infected with HIV‐1
Authors: Bello Gonzalo , Velasco‐de‐Castro Carlos A. , Bongertz Vera , Rodrigues Caio A. Santos , Giacoia‐Gripp Carmem B.W. , Pilotto Jose H. , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Veloso Valdilea G. , Morgado Mariza G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn extremely rare subset of patients infected with HIV‐1 designated as “non‐progressing elite controllers” appears to be able to maintain stable CD4+ T‐cell counts and a median plasma viremia below the detection limit of current ultrasensitive assays (<50–80 copies/ml of plasma) for >10 years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+), immune activation markers (HLA‐DR+, CD38+, Beta‐2‐microglobulin), and HIV‐specific antibody responses were longitudinally examined in four non‐progressing elite controllers over more than 5 years. Two control groups of seronegative healthy individuals and untreated patients infected with HIV‐1 presenting detectable viremia were also included. None of the non‐progressing elite controllers displayed the high T‐cell activation levels generally seen in the seropositive individuals, keeping them within the normal range. Three non‐progressing elite controllers showed no significant immune system abnormalities when compared to seronegative individuals, displaying a low proportion of HIV‐1‐specific binding antibodies and low avidity index, similar to those observed for individuals infected recently with HIV‐1. One non‐progressing elite controller exhibited CD8+ T‐cell counts and β2‐M levels above normal ranges and developed a low but “mature” (high‐avidity) HIV‐1‐specific antibody response. Thus, the non‐progressing elite controllers are able to maintain normal T‐cell activation levels, which may contribute to prevent, or greatly reduce, the damage of the immune system typically induced by the HIV‐1 over time. They are, however, immunologically heterogeneous and very low levels of antigen exposure seem to occur in these patients, sufficient for sustaining a low, but detectable, HIV‐1‐specific immunity. J. Med. Virol. 81:1681–1690, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of norovirus infection among children with acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2001–2005
Authors: Xu Jin , Yang Yi , Sun Jiae , Ding Yunzhen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNorovirus is one of the major causes of outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. Obtaining local baseline information regarding this virus is important for developing and evaluating prevention strategies of norovirus transmission in children. The age, seasonal distribution and circulating genotypes of norovirus in Shanghai, China, between 2001 and 2005 were determined. Of 5411 stool specimens collected from children under 5 years of age who were hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis 3,975 were rotavirus‐negative, indicating the presence of another causative agent. From these specimens, 484 were selected at random for genotyping, and 45 were norovirus‐positive. Norovirus infection was detected in all age groups, but infants less than 6 months old showed the lowest prevalence (5.4%). Norovirus infections peaked from August to November. Among the 37 identified norovirus strains, 2 were GII‐3, 2 were GII‐7, and 33 were GII‐4 genotypes. This study demonstrated the impact of norovirus infection causing acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children and the importance of vaccination against norovirus diarrhea in Shanghai, China. J. Med. Virol. 81:1826–1830, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and characterization of group A rotaviruses in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Norway, 2006–2008
Authors: Vainio Kirsti , Nordbø Svein A. , Njølstad Gro , Størvold Gunnar , Døllner Henrik , Midgaard Cathrine , Bosse Franziskus Johannes , Rognlien Anne‐Gro Wesenberg , Rojahn Astrid , Wathne Karl‐Olaf , Flem Elmira 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTo assess the genetic diversity of rotavirus strains in Norway, the distribution of rotavirus genotypes was studied in children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. The detection of rotavirus in stool samples was compared using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an immunochromatographic test and RT‐PCR. Children <5 years of age admitted to hospital with diarrhea in three large hospitals were enrolled prospectively from March 2006 to February 2008. Rotavirus was detected in 58% of the children by the immunochromatographic test, in 63% by ELISA and 72% by RT‐PCR. A total of 219 (70%) rotavirus isolates were characterized in order to determine the genotype. The predominant G types included G1 (53%), G9 (16%), and G3 (13%), and the frequency of G3 varied more than G9 between seasons (8–20%). The P[8] genotype was identified in 188 (86%) of samples, and the globally common genotype combinations G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], and G9P[8] accounted together for >80% of infection. No unusual rotavirus strains were detected, and only four samples contained mixed infections. This study demonstrates that ELISA has similar specificity but lower sensitivity compared to RT‐PCR. The immunochromatographic test had the lowest sensitivity and specificity compared to the other assays. Rotaviruses causing severe gastroenteritis leading to hospitalization of children <5 years of age in Norway include the common genotypes, however, a considerable geographical and seasonal variation was observed in the distribution of these genotypes. These data may be important for assessing the need for introducing rotavirus vaccines into immunization programs in Norway. J. Med. Virol. 81:1839–1844, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.