bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin resistance is related to impaired lung function in morbidly obese women: a case–control study
Authors: Lecube Albert , Sampol Gabriel , Muñoz Xavier , Lloberes Patricia , Hernández Cristina , Simó Rafael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence suggesting an association between type 2 diabetes and impaired pulmonary function. However, the role of insulin resistance itself remains to be elucidated. The aim of the study is to determine whether obese patients with insulin resistance without diabetes have reduced pulmonary function in comparison with non‐diabetic obese subjects without insulin resistance.MethodsSeventy‐five morbidly obese non‐diabetic women [50 with an insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA‐IR) ≥ 3.8—cases—and 25 with HOMA‐IR < 3.8—controls—] with a history of not smoking and without prior cardiovascular or respiratory disease were prospectively recruited in the outpatient Obesity Unit of a university hospital. Both groups were closely matched by age, body mass index and waist circumference. Pulmonary function test included a forced spirometry and static pulmonary volume measurements.ResultsPatients with HOMA‐IR ≥ 3.8 showed lower forced expiratory volume at 1 s [mean difference − 7.6% of predicted (95% confidence interval − 14.2 to − 0.9); p = 0.025], and also a lower maximum midexpiratory flow [mean difference − 16.4% of predicted (95% confidence interval − 30.9 to − 2.0); p = 0.026] in comparison with those with HOMA‐IR < 3.8. Significant negative correlations between HOMA‐IR and forced expiratory volume at 1 s, maximum midexpiratory flow and forced vital capacity were detected. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that HOMA‐IR (β = − 0.323, p = 0.002) and total lung capacity (β = 0.468, p < 0.001) were independently associated with forced expiratory volume at 1 s (r2 = 0.358).ConclusionsInsulin resistance is related to respiratory function impairment in morbidly obese women. Our results strongly suggest that the metabolic pathways related to insulin resistance are crucial in initiating lung abnormalities previously described in type 2 diabetic patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drosophila variable nurse cells encodes arrest defective 1 (ARD1), the catalytic subunit of the major N‐terminal acetyltransferase complex
Authors: Wang Ying , Mijares Michelle , Gall Megan D. , Turan Tolga , Javier Anna , Bornemann Douglas J. , Manage Kevin , Warrior Rahul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMutations in the Drosophila variable nurse cells (vnc) gene result in female sterility and oogenesis defects, including egg chambers with too many or too few nurse cells. We show that vnc corresponds to Arrest Defective1 (Ard1) and encodes the catalytic subunit of NatA, the major N‐terminal acetyl‐transferase complex. While N‐terminal acetylation is one of the most prevalent covalent protein modifications in eukaryotes, analysis of its role in development has been challenging since mutants that compromise NatA activity have not been described in any multicellular animal. Our data show that reduced ARD1 levels result in pleiotropic oogenesis defects including abnormal cyst encapsulation, desynchronized cystocyte division, disrupted nurse cell chromosome dispersion, and abnormal chorion patterning, consistent with the wide range of predicted NatA substrates. Furthermore, we find that loss of Ard1 affects cell survival/proliferation and is lethal for the animal, providing the first demonstration that this modification is essential in higher eukaryotes. Developmental Dynamics 239:2813–2827, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the Hand1 cell lineage reveals novel contributions to cardiovascular, neural crest, extra‐embryonic, and lateral mesoderm derivatives
Authors: Barnes Ralston M. , Firulli Beth A. , Conway Simon J. , Vincentz Joshua W. , Firulli Anthony B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe basic Helix‐Loop‐Helix (bHLH) transcription factors Hand1 and Hand2 play critical roles in the development of multiple organ systems during embryogenesis. The dynamic expression patterns of these two factors within developing tissues obfuscate their respective unique and redundant organogenic functions. To define cell lineages potentially dependent upon Hand gene expression, we generated a mutant allele in which the coding region of Hand1 is replaced by Cre recombinase. Subsequent Cre‐mediated activation of β‐galactosidase or eYFP reporter alleles enabled lineage trace analyses that clearly define the fate of Hand1‐expressing cells. Hand1‐driven Cre marks specific lineages within the extra embryonic tissues, placenta, sympathetic nervous system, limbs, jaw, and several cell types within the cardiovascular system. Comparisons between Hand1 expression and Hand1‐lineage greatly refine our understanding of its dynamic spatial‐temporal expression domains and raise the possibility of novel Hand1 functions in structures not thought to be Hand1‐dependent. Developmental Dynamics 239:3086–3097, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new modeling approach for circuit‐field‐coupled time‐stepping electromagnetic analysis of saturated interior permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Kano Yoshiaki , Watanabe Kyohei , Kosaka Takashi , Matsui Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a new modeling approach for circuit‐field‐coupled time‐stepping electromagnetic analysis of a saturated interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). To predict the drive performance quickly, the proposed approach consists of a dynamic simulator based on a new analytical model of thed‐ andq‐axis magnetization characteristics (λ‐id‐iq‐θ). The model can take into account not only cross‐saturation but also the harmonics of the inductance distributions and EMF waveforms. The validity of the model is verified from suitable simulation results for the instantaneous current and torque waveforms of the IPMSM. The proposed analysis leads to a dramatic reduction in the computation time compared to circuit‐field‐coupled time‐stepping FEA, while maintaining analytical accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed method is experimentally verified using a 10‐kW, 15,000‐rpm concentrated‐winding IPM motor. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(1): 49–58, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21024
Development of an eigenvalue estimation method (Mode Coupling Method) for small signal stability analysis of power system
Authors: Uchida Naoyuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn eigenvalue estimation method for small signal stability analysis of electric power systems is proposed. The method, called the Mode Coupling Method, is used to estimate efficiently the nonlinear change of the eigenvalue with respect to the change of parameter. The eigenvalue sensitivity analysis method, which has been used to estimate the change of the eigenvalue, is a method of linear estimation of the change of the eigenvalue. However, the eigenvalue frequently shows a strong nonlinear change, and therefore the calculation efficiency and speed were insufficient in the conventional method. In the Mode Coupling Method, the most important modes and those most related to the major mode under consideration are first selected. Next, these two or more selected modes are coupled and the new eigenvalues of the coupled matrix are calculated, providing good estimation of the new eigenvalues. The size of the coupled matrix is very small. We can consider mutual interaction between important modes. Thus, this is a powerful method in which nonlinear estimation of eigenvalues is possible. When the QR method is used, the calculation time for eigenvalue analysis is proportional to the third power of the size of the matrix. The size of the matrix used for the mode coupling method is approximately 1/6 of the original value. Therefore, the computing time for eigenvalue estimation becomes less than 1% of the original computing time. The computational accuracy of the proposed method is verified with the IEEJ EAST30 standard power system model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(1): 10–16, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ eej.21037
Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Atoms in M4C Square Sheets (M = Ni, Pd, and Pt) Sandwiched between the Large π‐Coordinating Ligands [C8H8]2– and [C9H9]–
Authors: Guo Jin‐Chang , Li Si‐Dian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing the strategy of transition metal coordination together with that of large π‐coordinating ligand complexation for planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) atoms, we present in this work a systematical DFT investigation on the possibility of ptC centers in M4C square sheets sandwiched in [CnHn]M4C[Cn′Hn′] complexes (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; n, n′ = 8, 9) with the planar π‐coordinating ligands [C8H8]2– and [C9H9]–. Introduction of a ptC center into an M4 square sheet to form four effective ptC–M bonds helped to stabilize the [CnHn]M4C[Cn′Hn′] complexes thermodynamically, and the π‐coordinating [C8H8]2– and [C9H9]– ligands were found to match the M4C middle decks both geometrically and electronically. Planar tetracoordinate boron (ptB) and nitrogen (ptN) behave similarly to ptC in these sandwich structures. These model sandwich complexes invite experimental syntheses and characterizations in order to open up a new area in coordination chemistry for planar tetracoordinate carbon and other non‐metal atoms.
[B(3,5‐C6H3Cl2)4]– as a Useful Anion for Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Chaplin Adrian B. , Weller Andrew S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe highlight the use of the robust [B(3,5‐C6H3Cl2)4]– anion in organometallic chemistry. When partnered with organometallic cations, compared with [BArF4]– it presents desirable solubility properties, a lack of anion disorder in the solid‐state, different coordinating properties with metal fragments and convenient metathetical routes for utilisation in synthesis.
Oligomerization of glycerol – a critical review
Authors: Martin Andreas , Richter Manfred 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe oligomerization of glycerol to preferentially di‐ and triglycerol is reviewed, with primary focus on the use of heterogeneous acidic and basic catalysts. Low molecular‐weight oligomers have found a wide field of applications in cosmetics, food industry and polymer production. The growing market intensified research work on the selective catalytic oligomerization of glycerol. Performing the reaction of glycerol in the presence of microporous and mesoporous solid catalysts aims at exerting shape‐selective effects on the reaction, suppressing the abundant formation of cyclic isomers and cutting further polymerization of the target products. Enhanced selectivity to diglycerol is observed over some type of catalysts, but the solids suffer from leaching of active alkaline cations from the solid, severe deterioration of crystallinity of zeolites and even dissolution of the solids in the hot glycerol during batch reaction at temperatures in the range of 240–260°C. In those cases it is difficult to separate homogeneous and heterogenous reaction routes, and the shape‐selective effects are levelled off. The oligomerization is a consecutive reaction, and complete conversion of glycerol favours formation of high molecular‐weight glycerol oligo‐ and polymers. To achieve maximum yield of diglycerol, the reaction has to be interrupted at glycerol conversions ofca.50%. Alternative reaction engineering is required to overcome the inherent disadvantages of a batch reaction. Examples will be given for a selective glycerol oligomerization under reduced pressure in a so‐called fall‐film reactor using super‐acidic polymers as catalysts.
Application of a spectroscopic method to estimate the olive oil oxidative status
Authors: Mahesar Sarfaraz A. , Bendini Alessandra , Cerretani Lorenzo , Bonoli‐Carbognin Matteo , Sherazi Syed Tufail Hussain 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA rapid Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopic method coupled with partial least squares (PLS), was developed to estimate the oxidation degree of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The reference values of EVOO oxidation for the FTIR calibration were obtained by the specific absorptions at 232 and 270 nm, due to the presence of conjugated diene (CD) and conjugated triene (CT) groups, as monitored by the UV spectrophotometric determination. Specific washing procedures were applied to the EVOO to obtain EVOOP and EVOOTP samples, without phenolic compounds and without tocopherols and phenols, respectively. To obtain different oxidation degrees covering wide CD and CT ranges, EVOO, EVOOP, and EVOOTP samples were subjected to a forced oxidation at 60°C for 20 days and aliquots of the oils were daily analyzed. Regression of the FTIR/PLS‐predicted CD and CT of individual oxidized oils EVOO, EVOOP, EVOOTP, and all combined oils (EVOOALL) against UV–Visible reference values demonstrated the good quality of the models in terms of R2 and RMSECV values. The results of the study indicated that a strong correlation existed between FTIR and UV–Visible peak intensities.Practical applications: The FTIR‐ATR method coupled with PLS elaboration was developed and applied to predict the oxidation degree of EVOO samples with considerable advantages in terms of simplicity, analysis time, and solvent consumption as compared to the standard method. Moreover, suitable adjustments of the equipment could permit a rapid control at‐line in oil sector.
Evaluation of enantioselective binding of fluoxetine to human serum albumin by ultrafiltration and CE – Experimental design and quality considerations
Authors: Asensi‐Bernardi Lucía , Martin‐Biosca Yolanda , Villanueva‐Camañas Rosa María , Medina‐Hernández María José , Sagrado Vives Salvador 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSeveral pharmacokinetic processes are affected by enantioselectivity (ES). At the level of distribution, protein binding (PB) is one of the most important. The enantioselective binding of fluoxetine (FLX) to HSA has been evaluated in this work by ultrafiltration of FLX–HSA mixtures and chiral analysis of unbound fractions by EKC‐CD. PB, affinity constants (K) and ES were obtained for both enantiomers of FLX. In order to improve the consistency of the estimations, the evaluation of affinity constants of each enantiomer was performed using two designs, one keeping constant the total concentration of protein and varying the total concentration of the enantiomers, and the other in the opposite way, in both casesviaan unusual short‐concentration interval strategy to assure model validity. Different mathematical approaches were compared and characterised and some of them, judged as the most consistent under the experimental conditions used, were selected to provide final estimates. Quality considerations include criteria for three critical aspects: (i) detecting/eliminating outliers, (ii) checking the number of binding sites in the protein and (iii) evaluating the robustness of each approach. The differences on estimates from the selected approaches were used as an uncertainty source to delimit the reported values. The ES of HSA for FLX enantiomers was approximate. Estimates include the assumptions of independent and competitive models. In the last case, a SIMPLEX function was designed capable of simultaneously optimizing the non‐linear binding models for both enantiomers, thus improving the consistence of results.
Two dimensional electrophoretic analysis of human tears: Collection method in dry eye syndrome
Authors: Saijyothi Aluru Venkata , Angayarkanni Narayanasamy , Syama Chandran , Utpal Tatu , Shweta Agarwal , Bhaskar Srinivasan , Geetha Iyer Krishnan , Vinay Pillai S. , Thennarasu Maruthamuthu , Sivakumar Rajappa M. , Prema Padmanabhan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTear proteomics, by 2‐DE, can give a fingerprint of the protein profile, which is well suited in clinical proteomics for biomarker identification and in diagnostics. The mode of tear collection can influence the representation of the proteins in the tear and therefore it is important to use the appropriate method. In this study, capillary and Schirmer mode of tear collection was done in the healthy controls and the Schirmer method was validated in dry eye syndrome conditions. 2‐D PAGE of normal and dry eye tear was performed using pH 3–10 linear IPG strips followed by 13% SDS‐PAGE. The spot intensity was analyzed by the PD quest software. The two methods were compared using Bland–Altman statistical tool. The 2‐D map of capillary and Schirmer tear showed 147±8 spots and 145±7 spots respectively. Both the collection methods were in agreement with each other and were comparable. Dry eye tear protein showed differential expression of proteins as observed in 25–35 kDa region. One of the significantly reduced protein was identified as proline‐rich 4 protein. Schirmer method of tear collection is reliable in patients with dry eye, which can display the differential protein expression and help in biomarker identification.
A novel, neutral hydroxylated octadecyl acrylate monolith with fast electroosmotic flow velocity and its application to the separation of various solutes including peptides and proteins in the absence of electrostatic interactions
Authors: Karenga Samuel , El Rassi Ziad 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA neutral hydroxylated octadecyl monolith (ODM‐OH) for reversed‐phase capillary electrochromatography has been developed. The ODM‐OH was prepared by the in situ polymerization of octadecyl acrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) in a ternary porogenic solvent. Pentaerythritol triacrylate possesses a hydroxyl functional group, which imparts the monolith with a hydrophilic group, thus the acronym ODM‐OH. The ODM‐OH column exhibited cathodal EOF over a wide range of pH and ACN concentration in the mobile phase despite the fact that it was devoid of any fixed charges. This ODM‐OH monolith exhibited stronger EOF than its counterpart the ODM made from the in situ polymerization of octadecyl acrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. Similar to ODM, it is believed that the EOF was due to the adsorption of ions from the mobile phase onto the surface of the monolith thus imparting the neutral monolithic column the zeta potential necessary to support the EOF. The higher EOF exhibited by ODM‐OH was due to the presence of polar OH groups on its surface, which would favor stronger adsorption of ions from the mobile phase. The wide applications of the neutral ODM‐OH column were demonstrated in the separation of a wide range of small and large solutes. As a typical result, the ODM‐OH was able to separate proteins quite rapidly yielding 200 000 plates/ m.
Effects of stream channel morphology, transport processes and effective discharge on salmonid spawning habitats
Authors: Hauer C. , Unfer G. , Tritthart M. , Habersack H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effects of stream channel morphology, transport processes and effective discharge on the salmonid spawning habitats ofThymallus thymallusandSalmo trutta ff.were investigated within the catchment of the Gr. Mühl River, Austria. Based on field survey, one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional hydraulic and sediment transport modelling, the abiotic characteristics of the spawning sites have been investigated. Application of the Meyer‐Peter, Müller and Shields equations for determining critical discharge and critical shear stress revealed differences in the threshold of sediment motion due to the specific grain size sorting of the surface layer, which was dominated by cobbles and sand. Suitable grain sizes for spawning were found mainly in the subsurface layer of the free‐flowing sections. The findings highlighted the necessity for upstream delivery to downstream of suitable spawning material during floods. Moreover, the study demonstrates that discharge‐related sediment transport does not mean a simultaneous renewal of spawning material (fine gravel, gravel) transported from upstream reaches. Thus, an effective discharge for spawning habitats was determined using a standardized deposition index (Di), based on two‐dimensional sediment transport modelling. The results show that the effective discharge for spawning habitats is a useful tool for spawning habitat restoration, representing the frequency of turnover and renewal of spawning habitats over the long term. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐effective upgrade of WDM all‐optical networks using overlay fibres and hop reduction links
Authors: Farjady Farsheed , Kim Kyeong Soo (Joseph) , Dahdah Nayla El , Doran N. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFibre overlay is a cost‐effective technique to alleviate wavelength blocking in some links of a wavelength‐routed optical network by increasing the number of wavelengths in those links. In this letter, we investigate the effects of overlaying fibre in an all‐optical network (AON) based on GÉANT2 topology. The constraint‐based routing and wavelength assignment (CB‐RWA) algorithm locates where cost‐efficient upgrades should be implemented. Through numerical examples, we demonstrate that the network capacity improves by 25 per cent by overlaying fibre on 10 per cent of the links, and by 12 per cent by providing hop reduction links comprising 2 per cent of the links. For the upgraded network, we also show the impact of dynamic traffic allocation on the blocking probability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An alternative method for in vitro fire smoke toxicity assessment of polymers and composites using human lung cells
Authors: Lestari F. , Hayes A. J. , Green A. R. , Chattopadhyay G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn alternative method for in vitro fire smoke toxicity assessment of polymers and composites using human lung cells has been investigated. A range of building and train interiors including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methachrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), fiberglass‐reinforced polymer (FRP), and melamine‐faced plywood (MFP) were studied. The exposure of combustion toxicants to human lung cells (A549) at the air/liquid interface was acquired using a Harvard Navicyte Chamber. Cytotoxic effects on human cells were assessed based on cell viability using the MTS assay (Promega). Cytotoxicity results were expressed as no observable adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), 10% inhibitory concentration (IC10), 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), and total lethal concentration (TLC) values (mg/l). Mass loss data and toxic product yield were also determined. Results suggested that PVC (IC50 1.99 mg/l) was the most toxic materials followed by PP, FRP‐16, PC, PMMA, FRP‐10, PE, and melamine plywood. Some materials revealed to be more toxic under flaming combustion (PP, PC, FRP‐16, and FRP‐10), while others (PVC, PMMA, PE, and melamine plywood) appeared more toxic under non‐flaming combustion. The method developed can be used to screen the toxicity of materials which would be important information in building and mass transport material selection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.