bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of service in networks supporting cultural multimedia applications
Authors: Kanellopoulos Dimitris N. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an overview of representative multimedia applications in the cultural heritage sector, as well as research results on quality of service (QoS) mechanisms in internet protocol (IP) networks that support such applications.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's approach is a literature review.FindingsCultural heritage multimedia applications require greater bandwidth capacity, especially where multiple users share the connections. For such applications, scalability and reliability of quality of service depend on packet‐level QoS mechanisms operating in a full end‐to‐end basis.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides a foundation for future research directions in the professional communication context. For instance, the QoS mechanisms in possible network infrastructures could be used to explore effective multimedia data dissemination across cultural heritage institutions.Practical implicationsThe paper provides an overview of which technologies/mechanisms are being used most broadly and which might provide the most potential for cultural heritage institutions managers considering experimenting in the multimedia communications area.Originality/valueQoS mechanisms that support multimedia applications in the cultural heritage sector need to become well known by cultural heritage institutions managers and professional associations in the fields of libraries, museums and archives. This paper provides a useful overview of the topic.
A survey of the use of electronic resources at seven universities in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Liyi , Ye Pinghao , Liu Qihua 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on users' information behaviour in China, a topic which has not been researched extensively. The aim is to help producers and providers collect and develop more electronic resources.Design/methodology/approachThe study investigates users' information behaviour at seven “211 Project” universities in Wuhan, a city in central China. These universities all have access to the resources of the National Science and Technology Library (NSTL). The questionnaire includes questions about respondents' basic identifying information (educational level, job, etc.) and their information service requirements. Correlations among users' education level, users' jobs, users' retrieval methods, literature use, etc. were analysed.FindingsThe results show that most NSTL users are graduate students and young staff members. and the number of male users surpasses female ones slightly. The purpose of the utilisation of electronic resources for customers is scientific research, teaching and the need for self‐development. During a year, the demand of users is the highest in March and the lowest in August. The users' knowledge service types include learning the progress of science and technology, citation retrieval and analysis, statistical analysis, intelligent retrieval and knowledge aggregation.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that electronic resource producers should offer more foreign literature and providers should improve the quality of services.Originality/valueThe paper provides suggestions for the further improvement of NSTL to fulfill the information needs and requirements of users.
The application of intelligent agents in libraries: a survey
Authors: Liu Guoying 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the utilisation of intelligent agent technology in the library environment.Design/methodology/approachResearch papers since 1990 on the use of various intelligent agent technologies in libraries are divided into two main application areas: digital library (DL), including agent‐based DL projects, multi‐agent architecture for DLs, intelligent agents for distributed heterogeneous information retrieval and agent support to information search process in DLs; and services in traditional libraries, including user interface for library information systems, automatic reference services and multi‐agent architecture for library services. For each paper on the topic, its new ideas or models, referred work, analyses, experiments, findings and conclusions are addressed.FindingsThe majority of the literature covers DLs and there have been fewer studies about services in traditional libraries. A variety of architecture, framework and models integrating agent technology in library systems or services are proposed, but only a few have been implemented in the practical environment. The application of agent technology is still at the research and experimentation stage. Agent technology has great potential in many areas in the library context; however it presents challenges to libraries that want to be involved in its adoption.Practical implicationsThe survey has practical implications for libraries, librarians and computer professionals in developing projects that employ intelligent agent technology to meet end‐users' expectations as well as to improve information services within limited resources in library settings.Originality/valueThe paper provides a comprehensive survey on the development and research of intelligent agents in libraries in literature.
Disappearing act
Authors: Nagaraja Aragudige , Joseph Shine A. , Polen Hyla H. , Clauson Kevin A. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to assess and catalogue the magnitude of URL attrition in a high‐impact, open access (OA) general medical journal.Design/methodology/approachAll Public Library of Science Medicine (PLoS Medicine) articles for 2005‐2007 were evaluated and the following items were assessed: number of entries per issue; type of article; number of references per entry; number of references that contained URLs; and the access date listed for each URL citation. URLs were then evaluated for accessibility status (i.e. active or defunct).FindingsIn total, 1,133 articles were published from 2005‐2007 in PLoS Medicine. The 1,133 articles contained 28,177 references, with 2,503 (8.9 per cent) identified as URLs. Non‐research articles accounted for a substantially higher percentage of URL references (17.4 per cent) compared to research articles (4.2 per cent). Almost 17 per cent of the URL references were defunct and the rate of URL attrition increased as time elapsed.Research limitations/implicationsInformation management policy makers need to re‐examine the importance of preserving the internet materials long term. Both publisher and author should expand efforts to preserve internet materials. Common guidelines should be developed (e.g. by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) and implemented by all publishers to address URL use as references.Originality/valueThis article will be of interest to those in the field.
Information literacy among medical students in the College of Health Sciences in Niger Delta University, Nigeria
Authors: Baro Emmanuel E. , Endouware Benake‐ebide C. , Ubogu Janet O. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate whether undergraduate students in the College of Health Sciences in Niger Delta University are information literate, and to determine whether they are aware of and use different information resources including electronic ones, and to assess their ability to evaluate information before use.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire and interview methods were used to collect data from the students.FindingsThe students mostly rely on textbooks, medical journals, the internet, colleagues, and the Nigerian National University Commission's virtual library for information. They rarely use electronic resources such as MEDLINE, HINARI, the Cochrane Library, and EbscoHost. This could be because of a lack of awareness and skills necessary to search databases. Problems such as lack of time, the challenge of locating “good citable stuff”, inability to use effectively the medical library, and poor skills in information searching were mentioned. The study recommends that medical librarians and faculty should collaborate in integrating information literacy skills into the medical school curriculum.Originality/valueThis paper may help inform discussion about students' competences for locating, selecting, evaluating and using information essential for lifelong learning.
A numerical approach to hydromagnetic squeezed flow and heat transfer between two parallel disks
Authors: Refik Bahadir Ahmet , Abbasov Teymuraz 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the effect of the electromagnetic field on the convective events which occur when electrically conducting fluid is squeezed between two parallel disks.Design/methodology/approachThe effects of the current occurring due to the direct voltage power supply at the thin electrical conducting fluid layer squeezed between the parallel disks, the magnetic field inducted by this current, and Ohmic heating on the squeezing process and heat convection are considered. Both approximate analytical and numerical solutions of the problem are obtained and a good agreement is observed between them.FindingsThe effects of the basic parameters such as Hartmann number, Reynolds number, the ratio of the distance between the disks to the radius of the disks, Prandtl number, Eckert number, heat conduction, and electric current on the squeezing event, and load capacity of the fluid between two parallel disks are able to be determined from the solutions. These solutions also enable the effects of the basic parameters such as Hartmann number, Reynolds number, the ratio of the distance between the disks to the radius of the disks, Prandtl number, Eckert number, heat conduction, and electric current on the squeezing event and load capacity of the fluid between two parallel disks to be determined.Originality/valueSome important results and comparisons are presented graphically.
Tribological performance of Nano‐Tin as lubrication additives used in steel‐copper tribo‐pair
Authors: Mo Yun‐hui , Tao De‐hua 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to study a new type of lubrication additive with Nano‐Tin, and to analyze the tribological performance of the friction coatings that are formed by the lubricants.Design/methodology/approachThe Tin‐base additives were prepared and activated, friction testing was performed on an improved type MS‐800 four‐ball tester, and the nanometer additives with different contents of Tin were used as lubricants in steel‐copper tribo‐pair. The surface elements of friction coatings were investigated with Auger electron spectrum, and the thickness and element distribution of the coating were measured with scanning electron microscope.FindingsThe ultra‐thick friction coating (10‐20 μm) with abundant Tin was carried out and combined well with the surface of the copper sample when lubricated with oil containing this additive. The coating exhibited excellent anti‐wear and friction‐reducing capacities.Research limitations/implicationsThe anticorrosion properties have not been estimated.Practical implicationsA useful Nano‐Tin base lubricating oil additive is prepared and the activate method is explored. It may provide the potential lubricating oil additive for steel‐copper tribo‐pair, such as steel worm‐copper worm wheel transmission.Originality/valueThis paper provides a Nano‐Tin base‐activated additive which, when used in lubricating oil, can form an ultra‐thick friction coating. It has the same self‐repairing properties as a steel‐copper tribo‐pair.
Evaluation on synergistic antioxidation of molybdenum dialkydithiocarbamate with arylamine antioxidant
Authors: Hu Jian‐Qiang , Wang Xin‐Lin , Dai Ge‐Lin , Fei Yi‐Wei , Wei Xian‐Yong , Zong Zhi‐Min 
Published: February 2011

PurposeMolybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDDC) has good antiwear and friction‐reducing properties in lubricants, and can be protected against thermo‐oxidative degradation. However, MoDDC‐containing lubricants may lose their ability to reduce friction over time, which may result from its concentration in oils below a critical concentration owing to oxidative degradation of MoDDC. Thus, in order to enhance the durability of the low friction performance of MoDDC, the paper aims to investigate good synergistic antioxidants with MoDDC.Design/methodology/approachThe antioxidation properties of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate (M 807) – and p,p‐dioctyldiphenylalmine (V 81) – or mixed octylated and butylated diphenylalmines (V 961)‐containing poly‐α‐olefin (PAO)‐derived lubricants were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and modified penn state micro‐oxidation test (PMOT). DSC test measures incipient oxidation temperature (OT) and oxidation induction time (IT) of the lubricant at high temperatures and the oxidation stability of oil weight loss is measured by PMOT. Moreover, the oxidized samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and electron spin resonance (ESR).FindingsA DSC test shows that OT and IT of V 81‐ or V 961‐containing PAO were improved significantly by M 807 addition. A PMOT indicates that when combining with V 81 antioxidants, M 807 can also effectively reduce the increase in weight loss of PAO and deposits formed in oils. These results suggest that the M 807 shows a good antioxidative synergism with alkylated diphenylamine antioxidants. In addition, FTIR results from a PMOT confirm that the addition of M 807 can significantly enhance the oxidation IT of oils containing V 81 and inhibit formation of oxidation products including carbonyl bonds or hydroxyl group. ESR analysis from a PMOT indicates that M 807 may form stable radicals with arylamine by the coordination effect.Originality/valueThis paper provides simple and quick methods to evaluate synergistic antioxidation properties between different types of additives, and a mechanism of the inhibition involving a synergy was proposed. They can offer practical help in industrial applications and to an individual starting out on an academic career.
An investigation of palliation of fretting wear in gross slip regime with grease lubrication
Authors: Wang Z.A. , Zhou Z.R. , Chen G.X. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe paper aims to study comparatively the fretting behavior in gross slip regime of fretting both under grease lubrication and dry condition and to investigate the mechanism of palliation of fretting wear with grease lubrication.Design/methodology/approachAll fretting tests were carried out on high‐temperature fretting devices with standard GCr15 bearing steel ball against 45 steel flat and against GCr15 bearing steel flat contact pairs. The wear scar was examined by optical microscope, surface profiler and the confocal laser scanning microscope as well as energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.FindingsCompared with dry condition, the coefficient of friction and wear are decreased drastically and wear occurs mainly at the early stage of fretting under grease lubrication. The palliation effect of grease lubrication is closely associated with the amount of oil separated from the grease, the low‐oxidation corrosion and high‐hardness white layer. However, the bubbles which expelled from the contact edges have little influence on fretting wear.Research limitations/implicationsThe tested greases do not contain any additives for preventing possible misinterpretations of the results, but it is necessary to investigate the influence of different lubricant additives added to grease on friction and wear at different fretting conditions.Practical implicationsThe research reveals that the palliation effect of grease lubrication on fretting wear is related closely to the amount of oil separated from the grease. The bigger penetration and more susceptible greases, which are easier to separate from the base oil, should be taken into account for palliation of fretting wear.Originality/valueThe presented results help to understand the palliation mechanism of grease lubrication and could be useful for designers of engineering assembly for which fretting wear is an issue.
Experimental investigation into the effect of 3D surface roughness parameters on flash temperature
Authors: Ray Sudipto , Roy Chowdhury S.K. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeAlthough dependence of contact surface temperatures between rough sliding bodies on surface topography is more explicitly described in terms of three‐dimensional (3D) topographic parameters, no work has yet been reported on this aspect. The paper seeks to carry out experiments to systematically correlate the 3D surface parameters to the contact temperature rise.Design/methodology/approachThe surface temperatures at the contact between a relatively smooth zinc sulphide pin held against a rotating mild steel disc of varying surface topography were measured using an infrared thermal imaging system under different load and sliding velocity conditions. The main objective was to study the effect of 3D surface roughness parameters on the contact temperature rise.FindingsThe results indicate a rise in maximum contact temperature with the increase in a number of 3D parameters, such as, average surface roughness Sa, ten‐point height parameter Sz, skewness of the surface height distribution Ssk, mean summit curvature Ssc, and developed interfacial area ratio parameter Sdr while temperature was found to decrease with increasing values of another set of parameters, such as, kurtosis of the 3D surface texture Sku, summit density of the surface Sds, surface bearing index Sbi, core fluid retention index Sci, valley fluid retention index Svi, and root mean square slope of the surface Sdq.Practical implicationsIn any sliding system, with mixed or boundary lubricated conditions, it can be attempted to find the optimum value of the roughness parameters so that on suitable processing of the surfaces a lower contact temperature rise can be achieved.Originality/valueNo work has yet been reported on the effect of 3D roughness parameters on contact temperature.
Design for static stiffness of hydrostatic bearings: single‐action variable compensations
Authors: Kang Yuan , Chen Cheng‐Hsien , Lee Hsing‐Han , Hung Yu‐Hong , Hsiao Shun‐Te 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThis study aims to utilize the equations of flow equilibrium to determine the variations of film thickness or worktable displacement with respect to the recess pressure for both open‐ and closed‐type hydrostatic flat bearings. The static stiffness can be not only presented directly by these variations but also determined by the differentiation of flow equilibrium equations.Design/methodology/approachThe single‐action variable compensations of three types including cylindrical‐spool, conical‐spool and membrane restrictors are taken into consideration in this study. Specifically, this study presents that membrane restrictor and both spool restrictors with or without preload whilst considering initial opening.FindingsConsequently, the usage range of recess pressure and optimal parameters of appropriate compensation type can be obtained from maximum stiffness and also according to smallest gradient in variations of worktable displacement or film thickness.Originality/valueThis article studies the influences of single‐action variable compensations for its design varieties. The determination of stiffness comes from the differentiating recess pressure with respect to worktable displacement. The large and small positive stiffness correspond to a negative slope in steep and plain gradient, respectively; the negative stiffness and infinite stiffness are obtained by positive gradient and zero gradient, respectively, in the variations of film thickness. The finding results can be expressed further in the relationship between the static stiffness and the static load.
Studies on several key problems of water hydraulic vane pump
Authors: Lu Yong , Zhang Wei , Zhao Yuan‐yang , Wang Zhi‐zhong , Shu Peng‐cheng 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThe balanced vane pump is a common transmission component in hydraulic systems. Since the physicochemical properties of water and seawater are different from that of mineral oil, some problems can occur, for instance, poor lubrication, more leakage, and more corrosion. The paper aims to demonstrate the technical feasibility for the water hydraulic vane pump.Design/methodology/approachThe material combinations were selected based on related research in literature. The volumetric efficiency and suction performance were measured in the current experiment. The relations between gap clearances and leakage flow, the contact and the friction forces between a vane tip and a cam contour were simulated based on mathematic models.FindingsThe soft‐hard material combinations in the prototype pump show preferable friction characteristics during tests. The axial clearances are the main channels of leakage flow. Pin type vane pump can reduce the contact force of the vane tip.Originality/valueThis paper outlines some key problems of the water hydraulic vane pump, such as the friction pair material,the structure, and the contact force of the vane tip by means of testing the basic performance of pump and mathematic model.
Research on wear characteristics of AISI 1035 steel boronized at various parameters
Authors: Kiratli N. , Findik F. 
Published: February 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to research the tribological features of AISI 1035 steel, boronized at various parameters.Design/methodology/approachThe samples were boronized via box boronizing method. By using Ekabor 2 powders, boronizing was conducted at 840, 880, 920, 960 and 1,000°C for two, four and six hours. Wear resistance of boronized samples at determined parameters were analysed. Wear experiments were conducted under 40 N constant load at pin‐on‐disk experiment setup. Also, microstructures and microhardness values of boronized samples were analysed to determine the most suitable boronizing parameters against wearing.FindingsAs a result of this study, the following findings are reported: it was determined as the temperature increased, the thicker the boride layer obtained during the boronizing. In the case of longer boronizing time, the distinct columnar structure was clearer. Whenever applying higher temperature and longer boronizing time, wear decreased and hardness values increased. It was also determined that when boronizing was conducted at 900 and 1,000°C for at least four to six hours, better results were obtained. Furthermore, the increment in the boronizing temperature and longer duration caused an increase in hardness from the surface to inwards and thus a decrease in wear ratio.Research limitations/implicationsIn the present study, only 40 N is used for a wear load and that is the limitation of the research.Practical implicationsBoronizing of the parts using 900 and 1,000°C temperature and four to six hours time, the better results can be obtained. Wear resistance can be improved in the determined temperature interval for boronizing process. Therefore, the industrial firms can be gained huge economical profits.Originality/valueThe outcome of the study will be beneficial for the academicians and industrial firms working on wear process. The service life of the steel parts can be extended via boronizing of steels working on quarries.