bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ebstein's anomaly in pregnancy: Maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Chopra Seema , Suri Vanita , Aggarwal Neelam , Rohilla Meenakshi , Vijayvergiya Rajesh , Keepanasseril Anish 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality, associated with cyanosis and arrhythmia. Patients often reach childbearing age and pregnant women pose a challenge to the treating physician. We describe the course and outcome of pregnancy in women with Ebstein's anomaly and discuss the related management issues.Methods:  Analysis of pregnancies in four women with Ebstein's anomaly was carried out in a referral institute in northern India. Data of two women were analyzed retrospectively and the other two women were prospectively followed in their pregnancies during the study period. The course of the pregnancy, disease and perinatal outcome in each woman were analyzed.Results:  Four women had eight pregnancies all resulting in vaginal deliveries. There were two premature deliveries. The mean birth weight was 2.54 ± 0.88 kg. Of the eight babies, six did not have any cardiac anomalies; one was an unexplained neonatal death and for another, no data was available. Pregnancy was well tolerated in two patients, while one had right heart failure during early pregnancy, and one had arrhythmia during labor, which was managed medically; one patient had arrhythmia in the postpartum period, which was managed medically.Conclusion:  When a woman with Ebstein's anomaly reaches childbearing age, fertility is not affected, even in cyanotic women. Under close supervision by the woman's obstetrician and cardiologist, the pregnancy outcome is usually favorable.
Asymptomatic uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after cesarean section
Authors: Kuwata Tomoyuki , Matsubara Shigeki , Kaneko Yuka , Izumi Akio , Nakata Manabu , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUterine artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare but important complication of cesarean section (CS). If treated inadequately, it may cause profuse life‐threatening postpartum hemorrhage. We report an asymptomatic postpartum woman with uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after CS. We also provide a review of published reports of pseudoaneurysm after CS. A 31‐year‐old Japanese woman underwent CS, in which the uterine incision was extended laterally. Routine postoperative evaluation with vaginal ultrasound on postpartum day 6 revealed a parauterine mass with a maximum diameter of 49 mm with swirling flow. Selective angiography confirmed this mass as a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm. Uterine artery embolization was performed with success. Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm should be listed as a differential diagnosis of pelvic mass after CS.
The effect of myomectomy on health‐related quality of life of women with myoma uteri
Authors: Dilek Saffet , Ertunc Devrim , Tok Ekrem C. , Cimen Roza , Doruk Arzu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  An equal consideration should be paid to improving health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in addition to successful medical outcome. Many studies have evaluated the effect of other methods rather than myomectomy on HRQoL, and have focused solely on the presence of myoma without regarding any concurrent pelvic pathology.Methods:  This study involved 80 patients with myomas and 75 controls. Domains of the Short Form – 36 (SF‐36) questionnaire were evaluated pre‐ and postoperatively in 72 women with myomas. Furthermore, any correlations between myoma characteristics and SF‐36 physical components (PC) and mental components (MC) were investigated.Results:  All SF‐36 domains were lower in women with myoma uteri than in the control group, except for physical and social function. There was no correlation between PC and MC scores and the number, location and total volume of the myomas. However, fundal and posteriorly positioned myomas were related with the PC score, and posterior myomas with the MC score. Women with uteri over 200 cm3 had significantly lower mean PC and MC scores. After myomectomy, all SF‐36 domains were improved except for physical function and mental health.Conclusion:  The findings from this study suggest that myomectomy improves HRQoL, and that myoma characteristics may modulate quality of life domains.
Antidepressant fluoxetine suppresses neuronal growth from both vertebrate and invertebrate neurons and perturbs synapse formation between Lymnaea neurons
Authors: Xu Fenglian , Luk Collin , Richard Maria P. , Zaidi Wali , Farkas Svetlana , Getz Angela , Lee Arthur , Van Minnen Jan , Syed Naweed I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCurrent treatment regimes for a variety of mental disorders involve various selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as Fluoxetine (Prozac). Although these drugs may ‘manage’ the patient better, there has not been a significant change in the treatment paradigm over the years and neither have the outcomes improved. There is also considerable debate as to the effectiveness of various selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and their potential side‐effects on neuronal architecture and function. In this study, using mammalian cortical neurons, a dorsal root ganglia cell line (F11 cells) and identified Lymnaea stagnalis neurons, we provide the first direct and unequivocal evidence that clinically relevant concentrations of Fluoxetine induce growth cone collapse and neurite retraction of both serotonergic and non‐serotonergic neurons alike in a dose‐dependent manner. Using intracellular recordings and calcium imaging techniques, we further demonstrate that the mechanism underlying Fluoxetine‐induced effects on neurite retraction from Lymnaea neurons may involve lowering of intracellular calcium and a subsequent retardation of growth cone cytoskeleton. Using soma–soma synapses between identified presynaptic and postsynaptic Lymnaea neurons, we provide further direct evidence that clinically used concentrations of Fluoxetine also block synaptic transmission and synapse formation between cholinergic neurons. Our study raises alarms over potentially devastating side‐effects of this antidepressant drug on neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in a developing/regenerating brain. Our data also demonstrate that drugs such as Fluoxetine may not just affect communication between serotonergic neurons but that the detrimental effects are widespread and involve neurons of various phenotypes from both vertebrate and invertebrate species.
Intrinsic subthreshold oscillations extend the influence of inhibitory synaptic inputs on cortical pyramidal neurons
Authors: Stiefel Klaus M. , Fellous Jean‐Marc , Thomas Peter J. , Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFast inhibitory synaptic inputs, which cause conductance changes that typically last for 10–100 ms, participate in the generation and maintenance of cortical rhythms. We show here that these fast events can have influences that outlast the duration of the synaptic potentials by interacting with subthreshold membrane potential oscillations. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in cortical neurons in vitro shifted the oscillatory phase for several seconds. The phase shift caused by two IPSPs or two current pulses summed non‐linearly. Cholinergic neuromodulation increased the power of the oscillations and decreased the magnitude of the phase shifts. These results show that the intrinsic conductances of cortical pyramidal neurons can carry information about inhibitory inputs and can extend the integration window for synaptic input.
Dopamine receptor mechanisms mediate corticotropin‐releasing factor‐induced long‐term potentiation in the rat amygdala following cocaine withdrawal
Authors: Krishnan Balaji , Centeno Marjorie , Pollandt Sebastian , Fu Yu , Genzer Kathy , Liu Jie , Gallagher Joel P. , Shinnick‐Gallagher Patricia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCorticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) in the amygdala is involved in stress responses. Moreover, dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain reward system including the amygdala plays a significant role in the pathology of cocaine addiction. The present study analysed CRF‐induced synaptic plasticity, its pharmacological sensitivity and interactions with the dopamine (DA) system in the basolateral to lateral capsula central amygdala (lcCeA) pathway after a 2‐week withdrawal from repeated cocaine administration. A physiologically relevant CRF concentration (25 nm) induced long‐term potentiation (LTP) that was enhanced after cocaine withdrawal. In saline‐treated rats, CRF‐induced LTP was mediated throughN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels (L‐VGCCs) and CRF1receptors. However, in cocaine‐withdrawn animals, activation of CRF1and CRF2receptors was found to enhance LTP. This enhanced CRF‐induced LTP after cocaine withdrawal was mediated through endogenous activation of both D1‐ and D2‐like receptors. Furthermore, expression of the D1 receptor (D1R) but not the D2R, D3R, D4R or D5R was significantly increased after cocaine withdrawal. CRF1but not CRF2protein expression was increased, suggesting that elevated levels of these proteins contributed to the enhancement of CRF‐induced LTP during cocaine withdrawal. CRF interactions with the DA system in the amygdala may represent a fundamental neurochemical and cellular mechanism linking stress to cocaine‐induced neuronal plasticity.
Anesthesia induction, emergence, and postoperative behaviors in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorders
Authors: TAIT ALAN R. , VOEPEL‐LEWIS TERRI , BURKE CONSTANCE , DOHERTY TARA 
Published: March 2010

SummaryBackground/Aim:  Given the increasing prevalence of attention‐deficit and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), anesthesiologists are now presented with a greater number of children who are diagnosed with these conditions. This prospective, observational study was designed to compare anesthesia induction, emergence, and postoperative behaviors in children with and without ADHD.Methods/Materials:  The sample included 268 children, 4–17 years of age undergoing elective surgery with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD. A cohort of children without ADHD, matched for age, gender, and procedure served as controls. Preoperative cooperation, induction, and emergence behaviors were measured using established scales. Postoperative maladaptive behaviors were measured using a modified Post‐Hospital Behavioral Questionnaire that was administered via telephone 1 week after surgery.Results:  Children with ADHD were significantly less cooperative at induction of anesthesia compared with controls (20.9% vs 10.6% respectively, P = 0.001). Although some control children exhibited an increase in maladaptive behaviors postoperatively, these behaviors were significantly greater among children with ADHD. In particular, relative to their normal behaviors, children with ADHD had greater difficulties in concentration and decision‐making; were more disobedient, impulsive, fidgety, had poor appetite; were difficult to talk to; and exhibited an increase in temper tantrums following surgery.Conclusions:  This is the first prospective study to our knowledge that has examined the perioperative and postoperative behaviors of children with ADHD compared to those without this disorder. These results are important in alerting anesthesiologists, parents, and teachers to the potential for difficulties during induction of anesthesia and postoperative behavioral problems at home and in school, respectively.
Does the newer preparation of propofol, an emulsion of medium/long chain triglycerides cause less injection pain in children when premixed with lignocaine?
Authors: VARGHESE ELSA , KRISHNA HANDATTU MAHABALESWARA , NITTALA ANURADHA 
Published: March 2010

SummaryBackground:  Injection pain during propofol administration can be particularly distressing in children. The newly available emulsion of propofol in medium and long chain triglycerides (LCT) is reported to cause less injection pain because of lower concentrations of free propofol. This study compared the incidence of injection pain during administration of propofol emulsion of LCT and propofol emulsion of medium and long chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) both premixed with lignocaine in children.Methods:  This prospective, randomized, double blind study was conducted after obtaining institutional ethics committee approval, parental consent and included 84 children aged 5–15 years. Preoperatively, an intravenous cannula was inserted in all children. four children were excluded. Those included, depending on the randomization, received 3 mg·kg−1 of either propofol LCT or propofol MCT/LCT both premixed with lignocaine (0.1%). The incidence and intensity of injection pain was assessed.Results:  Pain on injection of propofol LCT with lignocaine was observed in 16/40 children (40%), five of these children complained of severe pain. In comparison, 14/40 (35%) children complained of pain following propofol MCT/LCT premixed with lignocaine (P = 0.644), the intensity being severe in two children (P = 0.698).Conclusions:  Propofol MCT/LCT and propofol LCT premixed with lignocaine are both associated with pain on injection in children; the incidence and intensity of the injection pain are similar.
An allometric model to estimate fluid requirements in children following burn injury
Authors: ANSERMINO J.MARK , VANDEBEEK CHRISTINE A. , MYERS DOROTHY 
Published: March 2010

SummaryObjectives:  To evaluate the ability of an allometric 3/4 Power Model combined with the Galveston Formula (Galveston‐3/4 PM Formula) to predict fluid resuscitation requirements in children suffering burn injuries in comparison with the frequently used Parkland Formula and Galveston Formula using the Du Bois formula for surface area estimation (Galveston–DB Formula).Aim:  To demonstrate that the Galveston‐3/4 PM Formula is clinically equivalent to the Galveston–DB Formula for the estimation of fluid requirements in pediatric burn injury cases.Background:  Fluid resuscitation requirements differ in children suffering burn injuries when compared to adults. The Parkland Formula works well for normal weight adults but underestimates fluid requirements when indiscriminately applied to pediatric burn patients. The Galveston–DB Formula accounts for the change in body composition with age by using a body surface area (BSA) model but requires the measurement of height. The allometric model, using an exponent of 3/4, accounts for the dependence of a physiological variable on body mass without requiring height measurement and can be applied to estimate fluid requirements after burn injury in children.Methods:  Comparisons were performed between the hourly calculated fluid requirements for the first 8 h following 20%, 40%, and 60% BSA burns using the Parkland Formula, the Galveston–DB Formula and Galveston‐3/4 PM Formula for children 2–23 kg.Results:  In children less than 23 kg, the fluid requirements predicted by the Galveston‐3/4 PM Formula are well correlated with those predicted by the Galveston–DB Formula (R2 = 0.997, P < 0.0001) and are much better than of the predictions made with the Parkland Formula, especially for children <10 kg.Conclusions:  For the purposes of clinical estimation of fluid requirements, the Galveston‐3/4 PM Formula is indistinguishable from the Galveston–DB Formula in children 23 kg or less.
Metabolic effects of repeated exposure to nitrous oxide: a preliminary report
Authors: Chen H. , Lovell M. , Baines D. , De Lima J. , Ahearn V. , Wilcken B. , Curtin J. , Carpenter K. 
Published: March 2010

Background:  N2O irreversibly inhibits the vitamin B12‐dependent enzyme, methionine synthase, and has the potential to cause hematological, neurological and cardiovascular adverse effects [1–5]. Repeated exposure to N2O is common in certain pediatric settings (burns dressing and radiotherapy). There are no published clinical studies investigating the effects of nitrous oxide anesthesia on vitamin B12 and folate metabolism in a pediatric population.Aims:  To study the effect of repeated exposure to N2O on metabolic indices in a cohort of children predisposed to metabolic and nutritional disturbance.Method:  In an on‐going, prospective study of children undergoing radiotherapy for cancer, homocysteine, methylmalonic acid, vitamin B12, folate and red cell indices were measured at regular intervals. Results were correlated with cumulative N2O exposure in those children who required repeated general anesthesia.Results:  Forty children have been studied so far. Fifteen required general anesthesia to complete therapy. Median exposure to N2O was 28 min per exposure for an average of 13 exposures. The median cumulative exposure to N2O in this cohort was 397 min. Four children each had a cumulative exposure of more than 15 h. In these cases, nitrous oxide was delivered in 30 or more anesthetics over periods ranging from 6 to 11 weeks. Preliminary results show that homocysteine levels are not consistently correlated with N2O exposure. No clinical or biochemical adverse effects related to the gas have been detected.Conclusion:  This interim analysis suggests that repeated N2O has a marginal effect on vitamin B12 metabolic indices in predisposed children. The study is on‐going.This study is supported by a grant from SPANZA.References  1 Nunn JF. Clinical aspects of the interaction between nitrous oxide and vitamin B12. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1987; 59:3‐132 Myles PS, Leslie K, Chan MTV, Paech MJ, Peyton P, Pascoe E. Avoidance of nitrous oxide for patients undergoing major surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Anesthesiology 2007; 107:221‐231.3 Nagele P, Zeugswetter B, Wiener C, Burger H, Hupfl M, Mittlbock M et al. Influence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism on homocysteine concentration after nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2008; 109:36‐43.4 Badner NH, Beattie WS, Freeman D, Spence JD. Nitrous oxide induced increased homocysteine concentrations are associated with increased postoperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2000; 91:1073‐1079.5 Badner NH, Drader K, Freenab D, Spence JD. The use of intraoperative nitrous oxide leads to postoperative increases in plasma homocysteine. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1998; 87:711‐713
Herbaspirillum seropedicae rfbB and rfbC genes are required for maize colonization
Authors: Balsanelli Eduardo , Serrato Rodrigo V. , De Baura Valter A. , Sassaki Guilherme , Yates Marshall G. , Rigo Liu Un , Pedrosa Fábio O. , De Souza Emanuel M. , Monteiro Rose A. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryIn this study we disrupted two Herbaspirillum seropedicae genes, rfbB and rfbC, responsible for rhamnose biosynthesis and its incoporation into LPS. GC‐MS analysis of the H. seropedicae wild‐type strain LPS oligosaccharide chain showed that rhamnose, glucose and N‐acetyl glucosamine are the predominant monosaccharides, whereas rhamnose and N‐acetyl glucosamine were not found in the rfbB and rfbC strains. The electrophoretic pattern of the mutants LPS was drastically altered when compared with the wild type. Knockout of rfbB or rfbC increased the sensitivity towards SDS, polymyxin B sulfate and salicylic acid. The mutants attachment capacity to maize root surface plantlets was 100‐fold lower than the wild type. Interestingly, the wild‐type capacity to attach to maize roots was reduced to a level similar to that of the mutants when the assay was performed in the presence of isolated wild‐type LPS, glucosamine or N‐acetyl glucosamine. The mutant strains were also significantly less efficient in endophytic colonization of maize. Expression analysis indicated that the rfbB gene is upregulated by naringenin, apigenin and CaCl2. Together, the results suggest that intact LPS is required for H. seropedicae attachment to maize root and internal colonization of plant tissues.
Selenium controls transcription of paralogous formate dehydrogenase genes in the termite gut acetogen, Treponema primitia
Authors: Matson Eric G. , Zhang Xinning , Leadbetter Jared R. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe termite gut spirochete, Treponema primitia, is a CO2‐reductive acetogen that is phylogenetically distinct from other distantly related and more extensively studied acetogens such as Moorella thermoacetica. Research on T. primitia has revealed details about the role of spirochetes in CO2‐reductive acetogenesis, a process important to the mutualism occurring between termites and their gut microbial communities. Here, a locus of the T. primitia genome containing Wood‐Ljungdahl pathway genes for CO2‐reductive acetogenesis was sequenced. This locus contained methyl‐branch genes of the pathway (i.e. for the reduction of CO2 to the level of methyl‐tetrahydrofolate) including paralogous genes for cysteine and selenocysteine (Sec) variants of formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and genes for Sec incorporation. The FDH variants affiliated phylogenetically with hydrogenase‐linked FDH enzymes, suggesting that T. primitia FDH enzymes utilize electrons derived directly from molecular H2. Sub‐nanomolar concentrations of selenium decreased transcript levels of the cysteine variant FDH gene. Selenium concentration did not markedly influence the level of mRNA upstream of the Sec‐codon in the Sec variant FDH; however, the level of transcript extending downstream of the Sec‐codon increased incrementally with increasing selenium concentrations. The features and regulation of these FDH genes are an indication that T. primitia may experience dynamic selenium availability in its H2‐rich gut environment.
Reflections on Enacted Sensemaking in the Bhopal Disaster
Authors: Weick Karl E. 
Published: March 2010

abstractAn updated analysis of the Bhopal disaster suggests that problems of abduction, awareness, reliability, and certainty were more serious than was first thought. Expanded analysis shows that the tight coupling between cognition and action, normally associated with enacted sensemaking, broke down at Bhopal. The breakdowns included a low standard of plausibility, minimal doubt, infrequent updating of both mental models and current hunches, and mindless action. The modest enactment that did occur prolonged rather than shortened the crisis.
The effects of company taxation in EU accession countries on German FDI1
Authors: Overesch Michael , Wamser Georg 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article investigates how company taxation affects German foreign direct investment (FDI) in European Union (EU) accession countries. In 2004 and 2007, 10 former socialist eastern European countries joined the EU. Although the EU integration is associated with increasingly favourable investment conditions, accession countries also pursue active strategies to attract foreign firms. In particular, taxes on corporate income have been significantly reduced during the last decade. We analyse whether corporate tax policies of eastern European countries affect three aspects of multinational activity: the location decision, the investment decision and the capital structure choice. The results suggest that local taxes are negatively related to both location and investment decisions. The analysis of the capital structure confirms that higher local taxes imply higher debt‐to‐capital ratios.