bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BODY MASS INDEX OF MARRIED BANGLADESHI WOMEN: TRENDS AND ASSOCIATION WITH SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
Authors: HOSSAIN M. G. , BHARATI P. , AIK SAW , LESTREL PETE E. , ABEER ALMASRI , KAMARUL T. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBody mass index (BMI) is a good indicator of nutritional status in a population. In underdeveloped countries like Bangladesh, this indicator provides a method that can assist intervention to help eradicate many preventable diseases. This study aimed to report on changes in the BMI of married Bangladeshi women who were born in the past three decades and its association with socio-demographic factors. Data for 10,115 married and currently non-pregnant Bangladeshi women were extracted from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). The age range of the sample was 15–49 years. The mean BMI was 20.85±3.66 kg/m2, and a decreasing tendency in BMI was found among birth year cohorts from 1972 to 1992. It was found that the proportion of underweight females has been increasing in those born during the last 20 years of the study period (1972 to 1992). Body mass index increased with increasing age, education level of the woman and her husband, wealth index, age at first marriage and age at first delivery, and decreased with increasing number of ever-born children. Lower BMI was especially pronounced among women who were living in rural areas, non-Muslims, employed women, women not living with their husbands (separated) or those who had delivered at home or non-Caesarean delivery.
Strategies to dissect parasite proteomes
Authors: BURGESS KARL , BURCHMORE RICHARD 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYProteomes are complex and dynamic entities that are still poorly understood, but the application of proteomic technologies has become invaluable in many areas of biology, including parasitology. These technologies can be exploited to identify proteins in both complex or relatively simple samples, that formerly could only be characterized by targeted approaches such as Western blotting. Quantitative proteomic approaches can reveal modulations in protein expression that accompany phenotypes of interest. Proteomic approaches have been exploited to understand some of the molecular basis for host:parasite interactions and to elucidate phenotypes such as virulence, antigenicity and drug resistance. Many of the same technologies can also be more easily applied to targeted sub-proteomes.Examples from several studies on pathogen proteomes and sub-proteomes, from bacteria to helminths, are presented to illustrate the potential and limitations of proteomic technologies.
Roles of morphological awareness in the reading comprehension of Spanish-speaking language minority learners: Exploring partial mediation by vocabulary and reading fluency
Authors: KIEFFER MICHAEL J. , BIANCAROSA GINA , MANCILLA-MARTINEZ JEANNETTE 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the direct and indirect roles of morphological awareness reading comprehension for Spanish-speaking language minority learners reading in English. Multivariate path analysis was used to investigate the unique contribution of derivational morphological awareness to reading comprehension as well as its indirect contributions via three hypothesized mediators for students in sixth, seventh, and eighth grade (N= 101). Results indicated a significant unique contribution of morphological awareness, controlling for phonemic decoding, listening comprehension, reading vocabulary, word reading fluency, and passage reading fluency. Results further indicated significant indirect contributions of morphological awareness via reading vocabulary and passage fluency, but not via word reading fluency. Findings suggest that morphological awareness may play multiple important roles in second-language reading comprehension.
The explicit/implicit knowledge distinction and working memory: Implications for second-language reading comprehension
Authors: ERÇETİN GÜLCAN , ALPTEKİN CEM 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTFollowing an extensive overview of the subject, this study explores the relationships between second-language (L2) explicit/implicit knowledge sources, embedded in the declarative/procedural memory systems, and L2 working memory (WM) capacity. It further examines the relationships between L2 reading comprehension and L2 WM capacity as well as those between L2 reading comprehension and L2 explicit/implicit knowledge sources. Participants were late adult learners of English as an L2, with a relatively advanced level of English proficiency. They completed tests measuring their WM capacity, explicit knowledge, implicit knowledge, and L2 reading comprehension. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between L2 WM capacity and both explicit and implicit L2 knowledge. Exploratory factor analysis showed that explicit knowledge, WM capacity, and L2 reading comprehension loaded on a single factor whereas implicit L2 knowledge formed an independent factor with no relationship to L2 reading. The results suggest that L2 WM is able to manipulate and store both explicit and implicit L2 input through controlled and automatic processes. They also suggest that L2 explicit knowledge, connected with the control processes of the declarative system's lexical/semantic features, and L2 WM, reflecting attentional resource capacity/allocation associated with control processes, play an important role in L2 reading comprehension.
Enumerating combinatorial classes of the complex polynomial vector fields in ℂ
Authors: DIAS KEALEY 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn order to understand the parameter space Ξd of monic and centered complex polynomial vector fields in ℂ of degree d, decomposed by the combinatorial classes of the vector fields, it is interesting to know the number of loci in parameter space consisting of vector fields with the same combinatorial data (corresponding to topological classification with fixed separatrices at infinity). This paper answers questions posed by Adam L. Epstein and Tan Lei about the total number of combinatorial classes and the number of combinatorial classes corresponding to loci of a specific (real) dimension q in parameter space, for fixed degree d; these numbers are denoted by cd and cd,q, respectively. These results are extensions of a result by Douady, Estrada, and Sentenac, which shows that the number of combinatorial classes of the structurally stable complex polynomial vector fields in ℂ of degree d is the Catalan number Cd−1. We show that enumerating the combinatorial classes is equivalent to a so-called bracketing problem. Then we analyze the generating functions and find closed-form expressions for cd and cd,q, and we furthermore make an asymptotic analysis of these sequences for d tending to ∞. These results are also applicable to special classes of quadratic and Abelian differentials and singular holomorphic foliations of the plane.
Informal research statement
Authors: RUDOLPH DANIEL J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe editors are reproducing here an informal research statement that Dan wrote in one of his last years at the University of Maryland. It provides a rare insight into how he viewed his own work and as usual he did an excellent job in setting forth the main points in a clear way. The summary was retyped, lightly edited to correct typos, and provided with references by Ayşe Şahin. One of the editors (B.W.) added a brief appendix to cover some of the highlights of Dan’s work during the last years of his life. Following the research summary is a complete list of Dan’s publications as well as a second list for the other references cited.
A critical review of recommendations to increase dietary protein requirements in the habitually active
Authors: Lamont Linda S. 
Published: February 2012

Some scientists and professional organisations have called for an increase in dietary protein for those who reach a threshold level of exercise, i.e. endurance athletes. But there are individual scientists who question this recommendation. Limitations in the procedures used to justify changing the recommended daily allowance (RDA) are at issue. N balance has been used to justify this increase; but it is limiting even when measured in a well-controlled clinical research centre. Experimental shortcomings are only exacerbated when performed in a sports or exercise field setting. Another laboratory method used to justify this increase, the isotope infusion procedure, has methodological problems as well. Stable isotope infusion data collected during and after exercise cannot account for fed-state gains that counterbalance those exercise losses over a 24 h dietary period. The present review concludes that an adaptive metabolic demand model may be needed to accurately study the protein health of the active individual.
Change in methodology for collection of drinking water intake in What We Eat in America/National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: implications for analysis
Authors: Sebastian Rhonda S , Wilkinson Enns Cecilia , Goldman Joseph D , Moshfegh Alanna J 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo provide updated estimates of drinking water intake (total, tap, plain bottled) for groups aged ≥1 year in the USA and to determine whether intakes collected in 2005–2006 using the Automated Multiple-Pass Method for the 24 h recall differ from intakes collected in 2003–2004 via post-recall food-frequency type questions.DesignCross-sectional, observational study.SettingWhat We Eat in America (WWEIA), the dietary intake component of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).SubjectsIndividuals aged ≥1 year in 2003–2004 (n 8249) and 2005–2006 (n 8437) with one complete 24 h recall.ResultsThe estimate for the percentage of individuals who reported total drinking water in 2005–2006 was significantly (P < 0·0000) smaller (76·9 %) than that for 2003–2004 (87·1 %), attributable to a lower percentage reporting tap water (54·1 % in 2005–2006 v. 67·0 % in 2003–2004; P = 0·0001). Estimates of mean tap water intake differed between the survey cycles for men aged ≥71 years.ConclusionsSurvey variables must be examined before combining or comparing data from multiple WWEIA/NHANES release cycles. For at least some age/gender groups, drinking water intake data from NHANES cycles prior to 2005–2006 should not be considered comparable to more recent data.
What Is the Relationship between Inequity in Family Law and Violence against Women? Approaching the Issue of Legal Enclaves
Authors: Hudson Valerie M. , Bowen Donna Lee , Nielsen Perpetua Lynne 
Published: February 2012

“Family law” is the term applied to the legal regulation of marriage and parenthood within a society, and may serve to express a society's accepted ideals concerning male–female relations. Adopting a feminist evolutionary analytic (FEA) approach, we hypothesize that nation-states with higher degrees of inequity in family law favoring men, codifying an evolutionary legacy of male dominance and control over female reproduction, will experience higher rates of violence against women. This hypothesis is borne out in conventional statistical analysis, both bivariate and multivariate, suggesting that policy attention to family law so as to make it more concordant with norms of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) may have salutatory effects on women's physical security over time. These results may also have policy implications for societies with, or contemplating, enclaves of inequitable family law.
Where, after all, do universal human rights begin? In small places, close to home.—Eleanor Roosevelt
“A Long Ways from Home?” Hampton Institute and the Early History of “Sometimes I Feel like a Motherless Child”
Authors: MIYAKAWA FELICIA M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe history of the well-known spiritual “Sometimes I Feel like a Motherless Child,” is wrapped up in the legacy of the Hampton Students, an ensemble of African American students modeled after the Fisk Jubilee Singers. The song's inclusion in the 1901 edition ofCabin and Plantation Songs as Sung by the Hampton Studentssolidified its place in the growing canon of spirituals. Although the tune remained in Hampton Institute's repertoire through subsequent printings ofCabin and Plantation Songs, it also entered the art music world, quickly becoming a favorite of performers and arrangers. But even as the tune journeyed away from Hampton, it remained tightly bound to composers, performers, and choir directors affiliated with what is now Hampton University. The story of “Motherless Child's” entrance into Hampton's repertoire around the turn of the twentieth century, its move beyond Hampton, and its later return is the story of the complex racial, cultural, and geographical relationships that have characterized the Institute's history. The telling of this story reveals a networked cast of characters, all invested in the health and growth of African American music in the early twentieth century, crossing paths in Tennessee, Mississippi, Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, London, and, of course, Virginia.
Journeys of an Immigrant Violinist: Jacques Oliveira in Civil War–Era New York and New Orleans
Authors: THOMPSON BRIAN C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article explores the U.S. career of the Dutch immigrant violinist Jacques Oliveira. Following successful performances in Britain, Oliveira sailed for the United States in the fall of 1859. Under P.T. Barnum's management, the twenty-three-year-old became a fixture on New York's theatrical scene, as an instrumental soloist with Tom Thumb's company, with the Drayton Parlor Opera troupe, and with Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels. After a year, he traveled south, settling in occupied New Orleans, where he had family connections. Despite the economic difficulties of the time, he soon became an important figure in the city's cultural life, only to die during an outbreak of cholera and yellow fever in the summer of 1867.In the absence of letters or diaries, the article relies heavily on close examination of period newspapers, city directories and census data to reconstruct Oliveira's world. Oliveira's activities, his successes and struggles, offer insights into the place of the working musician, newly arrived in the Unites States in the late 1850s. Examining the events of his life enables us to contrast cultural life in New York and New Orleans at the time of the Civil War. The article illuminates the place of the instrumentalist in the theater, reveals how attitudes toward music were influenced by a cultural hierarchy, provides insights into the place of the violin in the musical life of the United States, and examines the impact of the Civil War on musical life in New Orleans.
The Spirit inside Each Object: John Cage, Oskar Fischinger, and “The Future of Music”
Authors: BROWN RICHARD H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLate in his career, John Cage often recalled his brief interaction with German abstract animator Oskar Fischinger in 1937 as the primary impetus for his early percussion works. Further examination of this connection reveals an important technological foundation to Cage's call for the expansion of musical resources. Fischinger's experiments with film phonography (the manipulation of the optical portion of sound film to synthesize sounds) mirrored contemporaneous refinements in recording and synthesis technology of electron beam tubes for film and television. New documentation on Cage's early career in Los Angeles, including research Cage conducted for his father John Cage, Sr.'s patents, explain his interest in these technologies. Finally, an examination of the sources of Cage's 1940 essay “The Future of Music: Credo” reveals the extent of Cage's knowledge of early sound synthesis and recording technologies and presents a more nuanced understanding of the historical relevance and origins of this document.
The influence of burn severity on postfire vegetation recovery and albedo change during early succession in North American boreal forests
Authors: Jin Yufang , Randerson James T. , Goetz Scott J. , Beck Pieter S. A. , Loranty Michael M. , Goulden Michael L. 
Published: February 2012

Severity of burning can influence multiple aspects of forest composition, carbon cycling, and climate forcing. We quantified how burn severity affected vegetation recovery and albedo change during early succession in Canadian boreal regions by combining satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Canadian Large Fire Database. We used the MODIS‐derived difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and initial changes in spring albedo as measures of burn severity. We found that the most severe burns had the greatest reduction in summer MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in the first year after fire, indicating greater loss of vegetation cover. By 5–8 years after fire, summer EVI for all severity classes had recovered to within 90%–108% of prefire levels. Spring and summer albedo progressively increased during the first 7 years after fire, with more severely burned areas showing considerably larger postfire albedo increases during spring and more rapid increases during summer as compared with moderate‐ and low‐severity burns. After 5–7 years, increases in spring albedo above prefire levels were considerably larger in high‐severity burns (0.20 ± 0.06; defined by dNBR percentiles greater than 75%) as compared to changes observed in moderate‐ (0.16 ± 0.06; for dNBR percentiles between 45% and 75%) or low‐severity burns (0.13 ± 0.06; for dNBR percentiles between 20% and 45%). The sensitivity of spring albedo to dNBR was similar in all ecozones and for all vegetation types along gradients of burn severity. These results suggest carbon losses associated with increases in burn severity observed in some areas of boreal forests may be at least partly offset, in terms of climate impacts, by increases in negative forcing associated with changes in surface albedo.
CS055 (Chidamide/HBI-8000), a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, induces G1 arrest, ROS-dependent apoptosis and differentiation in human leukaemia cells
Authors: Gong Ke , Xie Jia , Yi Hong , Li Wenhua 
Published: February 2012

CS055 (Chidamide/HBI-8000) is a novel benzamide-type HDACi (histone deacetylase inhibitor), which has entered Phase I clinical trials in the U.S. and Phase II/III in China. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CS055 on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in human leukaemia cell lines and primary myeloid leukaemia cells. The results showed that at low concentrations (&lt;1 μM), CS055 induced G1 arrest. At moderate concentrations (0.5 μM–2 μM), CS055 induced differentiation, as determined by the increased expression of the myeloid differentiation marker CD11b. At relatively high concentrations (2 μM–4 μM), CS055 potently induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. Co-treatment with the ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine or Tiron blocked CS055-induced cell differentiation and apoptosis, suggesting an essential role for ROS in these effects. Cytochrome c release and ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in CS055-induced apoptosis of leukaemia. In addition to cell lines, CS055 also exhibits therapeutic effects in human primary leukaemia cells. Moreover, daily oral CS055 treatment of nude mice bearing HL60 cell xenografts suppressed tumour growth, induced tumour cell apoptosis and prolonged the survival of tumour-bearing mice. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that CS055 is a novel HDACi with potential chemotherapeutic value in several haematological malignancies, especially leukaemia.
Does the Branly effect occur in spark plasma sintering?
Authors: Guyot P , Rat V , Coudert J F , Jay F , Maître A , Pradeilles N 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a non-conventional method of powder consolidation. We show that the Branly effect can occur in SPS of copper powder in the early stages of the process due to inductive effects generated by the applied pulsed current. It leads to the formation of melting zones between contact areas of copper grains which can enhance material densification.
Tailoring the blue–violet photoluminescence from Sn-implanted SiO2 using a two-step annealing process
Authors: Kremer F , Luce F P , Fabrim Z E , Sanchez D F , Lang R , Zawislak F C , Fichtner P F P 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The blue–violet photoluminescence (PL) response of ion beam synthesized Sn nanoparticles (NPs) in silica is studied in samples submitted to a two-step thermal annealing process. This process consists of a low temperature and long time ageing treatment (523 K, 100 h) followed by a high temperature and short time one (T > 773 K, 0.5 h). The comparison between aged and non-aged control samples by means of transmission electron microscopy observations and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry measurements demonstrates that the ageing treatment causes the formation of a more thermally stable and dense array of rather small Sn NPs. This phenomenon is correlated with the enhancement in the blue–violet PL intensity caused by the formation of luminescent defects at the NP/matrix interface region, persisting even at annealing temperatures as high as 1373 K.
Survey of Fungal, Nematode and Virus Diseases of Soybean in Alabama
Authors: Sikora Edward J. , Murphy John F. , Lawrence Kathy S. , Mullen Jacqueline M. 
Published: February 2012

Observations on incidence of foliar diseases, plant viruses, and plant-parasitic nematodes were collected from soybean fields in Alabama from 2008-2010. Cercospora leaf blight (Cercospora kikuchii), downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica), and target spot (Corynespora cassiicola) were the most common foliar diseases observed in the study. Cercospora leaf blight was found in 45% (2008), 77% (2009), and 70% (2010) of the fields surveyed. Downy mildew was observed in 72% (2008), 38% (2009), and 29% (2010) and target spot was detected in 45% (2008 and 2009) and 29% (2010) of the fields in the study. Soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) was found in 43% of the fields surveyed in 2009 but was only found in one field in 2008 and was not detected in 2010. Bean pod mottle virus was detected at relatively high levels in all three years, whereas Soybean mosaic virus occurrence was less consistent and of lower incidence. Tomato spotted wilt virus was detected for the first time on soybean in Alabama. Reniform (Rotylenchulus reniformis), soybean cyst (Heterodera glycines), root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.), and lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) were the most common plant-parasitic nematodes collected with reniform nematodes found in over 30% of the fields surveyed. Soybean cyst nematode races 2, 4, 5, 6, and 14 were identified among the field population collected. The survey has increased disease awareness among growers and has aided in directing research efforts in the state. Accepted for publication 18 November 2011. Published 27 December 2011.