bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicenter study of the effect of dietary supplementation with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on carprofen dosage in dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Fritsch Dale A. , Allen Timothy A. , Dodd Chadwick E. , Jewell Dennis E. , Sixby Kristin A. , Leventhal Phillip S. , Brejda John , Hahn Kevin A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of feeding a diet supplemented with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids on carprofen dosage in dogs with osteoarthritis.
Design—Randomized, controlled, multisite clinical trial.
Animals—131 client-owned dogs with stable chronic osteoarthritis examined at 33 privately owned veterinary hospitals in the United States.
Procedures—In all dogs, the dosage of carprofen was standardized over a 3-week period to approximately 4.4 mg/kg/d (2 mg/lb/d), PO. Dogs were then randomly assigned to receive a food supplemented with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids or a control food with low omega-3 fatty acid content, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks later, investigators made decisions regarding increasing or decreasing the carprofen dosage on the basis of investigator assessments of 5 clinical signs and owner assessments of 15 signs.
Results—Linear regression analysis indicated that over the 12-week study period, carprofen dosage decreased significantly faster among dogs fed the supplemented diet than among dogs fed the control diet. The distribution of changes in carprofen dosage for dogs in the control group was significantly different from the distribution of changes in carprofen dosage for dogs in the test group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis receiving carprofen because of signs of pain, feeding a diet supplemented with fish oil omega-3 fatty acids may allow for a reduction in carprofen dosage.
Use of a constant rate infusion of insulin for the treatment of hyperglycemic, hypernatremic, hyperosmolar syndrome in an alpaca cria
Authors: Buchheit Teresa M. , Sommardahl Carla S. , Frank Nicholas , Roberson Jerry R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Case Description—A 3-day-old 9.5-kg (21-lb) female alpaca cria was examined because of lethargy and anorexia.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed hyperthermia, muscle fasciculations, and tremors of the head. Seizures were also observed, which indicated CNS dysfunction. Hyperosmolar syndrome (HOS) was diagnosed on the basis of hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, azotemia, high plasma osmolarity, and metabolic acidosis.
Treatment and Outcome—A constant rate infusion of regular insulin was administered with hypo-osmolar fluids to treat HOS, and blood glucose and sodium concentrations were successfully lowered. Neurologic deficits resolved with treatment, and the cria was discharged 11 days after admission.
Clinical Relevance—Administration of insulin as a bolus in addition to hypo-osmolar fluids has been advocated in the management of neonatal camelids with HOS. Administration of regular insulin via a constant rate IV infusion was used to successfully manage a neonatal camelid with HOS. This form of insulin administration may allow more control of glucose kinetics in these patients.
Simulation of dissociation of DNA duplexes attached to the surface
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir , Gunnarsson Anders , Höök Fredrik 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe present Monte Carlo simulations of dissociation of duplexes formed of complementary single-stranded DNAs with one of the strands attached to the surface. To describe the transition from the bound state to the unbound state of two strands located nearby, we use a lattice model taking DNA base-pair interactions and comformational changes into account. The results obtained are employed as a basis for a more coarse-grained model including strand backward association and diffusion resulting in complete dissociation. The distribution of the dissociation time is found to be exponential. This finding indicates that the non-exponential kinetic features observed in the corresponding experiments seem to be related to extrinsic factors, e.g., to the surface heterogeneity.
Activation of the Shoulder Musculature During Pendulum Exercises and Light Activities
Authors: Long Joy L. , Ruberte Thiele Ramon A. , Skendzel Jack G. , Jeon Jongeun , Hughes Richard E. , Miller Bruce S. , Carpenter James E. 
Published: March 2010

Study Design Prospective, single-group, repeated-measures design. Objectives To evaluate electromyographic (EMG) signal amplitude in the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and deltoid muscles during pendulum exercises and light activities in a group of healthy subjects. Background There are numerous rehabilitation protocols used after rotator cuff repair. One of the most commonly used exercises in these protocols is the pendulum. Patients can easily perform these exercises incorrectly, and may also perform light activities of daily living without knowing that they may be putting excessive stress on the repair. The effect of improperly performed pendulum exercises and light activities after rotator cuff repair is unknown. Methods Muscle activity was recorded in 13 subjects performing pendulum exercises incorrectly and correctly in both large (51-cm) and small (20-cm) diameters, and while typing, drinking, and brushing their teeth. Results Incorrect and correct large pendulums and drinking elicited more than 15% maximum voluntary isometric contraction in the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. The supraspinatus EMG signal amplitude was greater during large, incorrectly performed pendulums than during those performed correctly. Both correct and incorrect large pendulums resulted in statistically higher muscle activity in the supraspinatus than the small pendulums. Conclusion Larger pendulums may require more force than is desirable early in rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(4):230–237. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3095
Thermo-mechanical Properties of Urea-based Pattern Molding Compounds for Investment Casting
Authors: Rutto H. , Focke W. W. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Urea is a low cost material with thermal and mechanical properties suitable for use in investment casting pattern molding compounds. Conventional compounds are made by a “cooking” process wherein the urea is added to and dissolved in an aqueous solution of a water soluble polymer followed by evaporation of the water. Here we describe novel formulations based on either polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) plasticized by glycerol or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resins together with wax that can be prepared by a facile twin-screw compounding process. The thermo-mechanical properties of these compounds were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and three bend point tests. The PVOH-based molding compounds featured better mechanical properties than those based on EVA. Increasing the polymer content produced weaker but tougher molding compounds. Increasing wax content improved stiffness but resulted in a loss of toughness. The TG results showed that both compounds decomposed readily at elevated temperatures and left less than 3 wt.% ash at 800°C.
Erosion Wear Analysis of SiC Filled Glass-Epoxy Composites using Taguchi Technique
Authors: Biswas S. , Satapathy A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
This paper describes the processing of a class of hybrid composites prepared by filling of SiC particulates in glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin. Experiments are conducted to study the solid particle erosion response of these composites. A theoretical model for the wear rate of the composites during solid particle impact erosion is proposed for predictive purpose. The validity of the theoretical model is assessed with experimental results and the influence of control factors like impingement angle, impact velocity, erodent temperature, erodent size, stand-off distance and filler content etc. on wear rate is studied. For this purpose a novel technique like Taguchi experimental design is employed. It is observed that the erodent temperature, filler content, impact velocity, impingement angle are the most significant factors effecting the erosion rate. The peak erosion rate is found to be occurring at an impingement angle of 75°. The morphology of eroded surfaces is examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and possible erosion mechanisms are discussed.
Occipitocervical instrumentation in the pediatric population using a custom loop construct: initial results and long-term follow-up experience
Authors: Couture Daniel , Avery Nathan , Brockmeyer Douglas L. 
Published: March 2010

Object
Rigid occipitocervical instrumentation for craniovertebral instability is gaining widespread acceptance for use in pediatric patients; however, most of the instrumentation has been modified from adult-sized hardware. The Wasatch loop system (formerly the Avery-Brockmeyer-Thiokol loop system) is a rigid occipitocervical fixation device designed specifically for use in children. It affixes to the occiput and incorporates either C1–2 transarticular screws or C-2 pars screws. It is preformed and is available in a variety of sizes. The authors describe their clinical experience and long-term follow-up experience with the first 22 patients.

Methods
An institutional review board–approved retrospective review of medical records and radiographs was performed for patients who underwent occipitocervical fusion with the Wasatch loop. The mean patient age was 4.9 years (1.2–13 years), and the overall mean follow-up was 4 years (1.5–6.5 years). Six patients had posttraumatic instability, and 16 patients had congenital instability.

Results
Twelve patients underwent placement of bilateral C1–2 transarticular screws, 6 patients had placement of a combination of C1–2 transarticular and C-2 pars screws, and 4 patients had placement of bilateral C-2 pars screws. One patient required a halo orthosis; the others were treated postoperatively with a hard cervical collar. All patients had radiographic evidence of solid occipitocervical arthrodesis on last follow-up examination.

Conclusions
The Wasatch loop system is a novel internal fixation device for children who have posttraumatic or congenital occipitocervical instability. Successful arthrodesis was achieved in all patients with minimal use of halo orthoses.
Endoscopic biopsy of brain tumors in children: diagnostic success and utility in guiding treatment strategies
Authors: Ahn Edward S. , Goumnerova Liliana 
Published: March 2010

Object
Endoscopic biopsy is an important minimally invasive method of diagnosis in the initial management of lesions in children with intraventricular and periventricular tumors. The procedure can be performed in conjunction with CSF-diverting procedures for obstructive hydrocephalus. The authors present their single-institution experience in a predominantly pediatric series with respect to diagnostic efficacy, utility in guiding treatment plans, and safety.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted in a consecutive series of patients who underwent endoscopic biopsy of brain tumors during a 13-year period.

Results
There were 33 endoscopic biopsies in 31 patients (16 males and 15 females). The average age of the patients was 11.3 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 2.4 years. The majority of biopsies were performed in conjunction with CSF-diverting procedures, such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy or fenestration of the septum pellucidum. Overall, 23 (70%) of 33 biopsies were diagnostic, with results that directed subsequent treatment. When stratified by tumor location, biopsy samples obtained in the lateral ventricle or pineal region were more favorable toward a successful diagnosis than those in the thalamus or tectal region. In 4 cases, elevated CSF tumor marker levels led to modification of the diagnosis and appropriate adjustment of treatment. The endoscopic third ventriculostomy success rate was 82.4%. There were 2 major complications (6.1%), which resulted in neurological deficits. There were no procedure-related deaths.

Conclusions
Endoscopic biopsy is an effective means of diagnosis of brain tumors in children. The diagnostic power may be more favorable with tumors in the lateral ventricle or pineal region. Collection of CSF during the procedure for tumor marker analysis is an integral component of diagnosis.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients with a diminished prepontine interval
Authors: Souweidane Mark M. , Morgenstern Peter F. , Kang Sungkwon , Tsiouris Apostolos John , Roth Jonathan 
Published: March 2010

Object
Fenestration of the floor of the third ventricle is vital to the success of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in treating patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus. A generous prepontine interval (PPI) is generally accepted as one anatomical feature that may affect the safety and functionality of ETV. Whether a diminished PPI influences the safety or success of ETV, however, has not been adequately assessed.

Methods
A review was conducted on the last 100 ETV procedures performed by the first author (M.M.S.). From archived preoperative MR imaging studies, the PPI was measured between the dorsum sellae and the basilar artery. For any patient with an interval of ≤1 mm, the technical and functional success of the procedure was recorded. Technical success was defined when a surgically created fenestration was accomplished without patient morbidity. Functional success was defined as the patient not needing any additional CSF diversionary procedure within 3 months after ETV.

Results
In the entire cohort, the PPI ranged from 0 to 9.5 mm (mean 3.2 mm). There were 15 procedures performed in patients with a PPI of ≤1 mm. In all 15 procedures, a fenestration of the tuber cinereum was accomplished without vascular injury or patient morbidity. The ETV was successful in 11 patients (73.3%). All 4 failures occurred in children who had surgery during infancy (mean age 11 months).

Conclusions
Patients with an obliterated or reduced PPI can safely undergo ETV. The functional success rate appears equivalent to historical controls. Most failures in this series may be attributed to other patient characteristics, namely young age at the time of ETV.
Long-term neuropsychological development in single-suture craniosynostosis treated early
Authors: Chieffo Daniela , Tamburrini Gianpiero , Massimi Luca , Di Giovanni Simona , Giansanti Cristina , Caldarelli Massimo , Di Rocco Concezio 
Published: March 2010

Object
The authors evaluated the results of complete cognitive function examinations in a series of 65 adolescents who had undergone surgery for sagittal or unicoronal craniosynostosis when they were younger than 1 year old.

Methods
Each of the 65 study participants was evaluated individually. The neuropsychological assessment, consisting of a battery of tests tailored to the patient's age, cognitive level, and level of cooperation, was conducted in 2 separate sessions on the same day. The main outcome measures included fine motor skills, language, visual motor spatial and visual perceptual skills, working and visual memory, attention, executive function, and verbal fluency.

Results
Thirty-five children (mean age 13.4 years) were affected by sagittal synostosis and 30 (mean age 14.9 years) by unicoronal synostosis (16 right-sided, 14 left-sided). The mean age at surgery was 7.2 months. All of the children had begun school at a normal age and attended regular classes. Seven percent of those with sagittal craniosynostosis demonstrated visuospatial and constructional ability defects with associated visual memory recall deficits; 17% also exhibited selective and sustained attention deficits. Approximately one-third (30%) of the children with anterior plagiocephaly had processing and planning speech deficits.

Conclusions
Data in this study support the hypothesis that children with sagittal or unicoronal craniosynostosis, although they undergo early surgical treatment, may still manifest lower than average results at long-term selective neuropsychological evaluations.
Pediatric brain tumors: genetics and clinical outcome
Authors: Faria Claudia , Miguéns José , Antunes João Lobo , Salgado Duarte , Nunes Sofia , Barroso Cândida , Martins Maria do Carmo , Nunes Vasco Moura , Roque Lúcia 
Published: March 2010

Object
In this paper the authors' goal was to investigate the genetic characteristics of primary brain tumors in children and determine their influence on clinical outcome.

Methods
The authors performed high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization studies in 14 low-grade and 12 high-grade brain neoplasms in 26 children who underwent surgery between 2005 and 2007.

Results
Complex comparative genomic hybridization alterations were observed in 2 (14.3%) of the 14 lowgrade lesions and in 8 (66.6%) of the 12 high-grade lesions. High-level amplifications of DNA were detected in 3 cases, namely in a desmoplastic medulloblastoma where a c-Myc amplification was found. Gains of 1q were detected in 2 low-grade and 6 high-grade lesions that were classified as ependymomas, astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocytomas, and gangliogliomas. When the authors correlated genetics with outcome, they noted that among the low-grade neoplasms only the 2 patients who presented with complex comparative genomic hybridization alterations had to undergo reoperation because of recurrent disease. The patient with c-Myc amplification died of progressive disease. Gains of 1q were only observed in tumor cases with progressive disease.

Conclusions
Complex genetic alterations are indicative of a less favorable outcome in low-grade tumors. In these cases, closer follow-up should be pursued. The authors corroborate that c-Myc amplification is a marker of poor prognosis in medulloblastomas. In this study, they were able to verify that a 1q gain correlates with a poor clinical outcome, independent of tumor grade and histological type. The authors propose that it may be considered a common marker of poor prognosis in these neoplasms.
Outcomes after surgery for cervical spine deformity: review of the literature
Authors: Etame Arnold B. , Wang Anthony C. , Than Khoi D. , La Marca Frank , Park Paul 
Published: March 2010

Object
Symptomatic cervical kyphosis can result from a variety of causes. Symptoms can include pain, neurological deficits, and functional limitation due to loss of horizontal gaze.

Methods
The authors review the long-term functional and radiographic outcomes following surgery for symptomatic cervical kyphosis by performing a PubMed database literature search.

Results
Fourteen retrospective studies involving a total of 399 patients were identified. Surgical intervention included ventral, dorsal, or circumferential approaches. Analysis of the degree of deformity correction and functional parameters demonstrated significant postsurgical improvement. Overall, patient satisfaction appeared high. Five studies reported mortality with rates ranging from 3.1 to 6.7%. Major medical complications after surgery were reported in 5 studies with rates ranging from 3.1 to 44.4%. The overall neurological complication rate was 13.5%.

Conclusions
Although complications are not insignificant, surgery appears to be an effective option when conservative measures fail to provide relief.
The Making of Britain's First Urban Landscapes: The Case of Late Iron Age and Roman Essex
Authors: Pitts Martin , Perring Dominic 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper presents preliminary research into the social and economic impact of early urban settlement in Britain, focusing on the case-study area of Late Iron Age to Roman Essex. Through fresh analysis of ceramic assemblages from Colchester and Heybridge, we describe hitherto unrecognised socio-cultural groupings and identities through subtle differences in the deposition of pottery in the generations before and after conquest. The concluding discussion concentrates on problems that we still have to address in describing the economic basis of early urban society in Britain.
A Dea Nutrix Figurine from a Romano-British Cemetery at Baldock, Hertfordshire
Authors: Burleigh Gilbert R. , Fitzpatrick-Matthews Keith J. , Aldhouse-Green Miranda J. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAn unusually complex fourth-century infant grave excavated in Baldock in 1988 produced a complete Dea Nutrix figurine. Whilst not uncommon as site finds, Deae Nutrices are less frequently encountered as grave gifts in Britain than in Gaul. The reasons for its inclusion as a grave gift are explored, as are wider questions of Romano-British burial practice in the town, the significance of Dea Nutrix as a deity, and the nature of funerary ritual. An assessment is also made of the status of the Roman town.
The Early Monetary History of Roman Wales: Identity, Conquest and Acculturation on the Imperial Fringe
Authors: Guest Peter 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTOver 52,000 Roman coins have been recorded and published from Wales. Using this comprehensive numismatic sample, this article investigates how coins of different metals and denominations were used and lost in western Britain during the later Iron Age and early Roman periods. The analysis of coins from hoards, excavated sites and single finds produces a more detailed picture of coin supply and use in Roman Britain than has been the case in the past and, consequently, it is now possible to provide a relatively sophisticated description of the monetization of Wales in the decades immediately before and after the conquest in the later first century A.D. The complexities of the early numismatic history of Wales are explored using a series of chronological and regional case-studies, while the discussion emphasises the role of native traditions in shaping local responses to the appearance of coinage and the foreign practices associated with using Roman imperial currency.
Water Supply at Housesteads Roman Fort, Hadrian's Wall: the Case for Rainfall Harvesting
Authors: Beaumont Peter 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe Roman fort at Housesteads on Hadrian's Wall is located on a high ridge formed by an outcrop of the Whin Sill. As a result of this location, the supply of water to the fort using conventional aqueducts does not appear to have been possible, and yet no alternative methods of supply have been identified. This paper, after analysing detailed meteorological records from the site, concludes that the Romans would have been able to supply a garrison of 800 men with water using rainfall harvesting from the roof structures within the fort. Using an estimated runoff rate from the roofs of 65 per cent means that the soldiers could have been supplied with 10 litres/capita/day or 8 tonnes of water in total each day provided that a storage capacity of 300 cubic metres existed within the fort. This storage capacity is believed to have been provided by stone-lined tanks with volumes of around 2 cubic metres. Perhaps four or six of these tanks would be associated with each of the major buildings within the fort. Excess surface drainage and overflow from the storage tanks would have been led to the south-east corner of the site as a result of local topography to be used for flushing the latrines.
Crocus, ‘King of the Alamanni’
Authors: Drinkwater John F. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTCrocus was an authentic historical fgure. His infuence at the court of Constantius I may be explained in a number of ways, the most plausible being that he provided signifcant military assistance as leader of an unusually large force of warriors from the interior of Germania, not local Alamanni.