bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“SKINS TO JUMP INTO”: THE SLIPPERINESS OF IDENTITY AND THE BODY IN WILKIE COLLINS'SNO NAME
Authors: Hingston Kylee-Anne 
Published: March 2012

Victorian sensation literature wasinextricably related to identity and the body: its primary purposes were to elicit a physical response from the senses of readers and to question “the social formation of the self” (Taylor,The Secret2). Sensation fiction regularly relied on different, deformed, or diseased bodies to provoke fear or unease in its readers, and it created anxiety by juxtaposing the domestic with scandal, crime, and Gothicism to disturb the perceived stability of the home and social identity. Lyn Pykett argues that the genre reproduces the “real mid-nineteenth-century anxiety” that domestic selfhood “could be disrupted by danger, death or disease on the one hand, and the vagaries of the law, the banking system or the stockmarket on the other” (“Collins” 59). Nineteenth-century critics’ reactions to sensation novels connected anxieties about the body to fears about the instability of social identity: contemporary reviews described sensation literature and its works as “feverish” (Smith 141), “a collective cultural nervous disorder” (Taylor,The Secret4), and as “symptoms of . . . social disease” (Pykett, “Collins” 51). In his 1880–81 series of essays, “Fiction Fair and Foul,” John Ruskin argues that the “[p]hysically diseased, ‘deformed,’ and ignobly dead bodies [in Collins's and Dickens's novels] are symptomatic of diseased and deformed genres, produced by morally and physically ill writers to cater to the tastes of morally and physically diseased urban readers” (Holmes,Fictions92). These extreme critical responses, as well as the extreme popularity of sensation fiction, call attention to Victorian preoccupation with the body and social identity and with the instability of both. This paper, through analyzing the instability of bodies and identities in Wilkie Collins's sensation novelNo Name(1862) and its serial context, challenges readings by both Victorian and more recent critics that distinctly interpret diseased and disabled bodies in the novel as either symbolic of or a result of social deviance.
Artake and Hylaea in Propertius 1.8.25–6
Authors: Cairns Francis 
Published: March 2012

Elegy 1.8 is Propertius'propemptikonfor Cynthia, which starts with the poet begging Cynthia not to go off to Illyria with his rival. Once Propertius has abandoned hope of her staying, he modulates into the good wishes for Cynthia's voyage (17–18) which are standard in this genre of content. He himself will continue his elegiac outpourings at her door (21–2), and will accost and interrogate sailors about which sea-port Cynthia has reached on her journey (23–4). Then in lines 25–6 Propertius fantasises about Cynthia settling abroad; he mentions two potential foreign locations – in the MSS they are denoted byAtraciis(25) andHylaeis(26) – but he remains confident that she will nevertheless be his in the future. In the Teubner edition of Propertius, Paolo Fedeli retained the MSS readingAtraciis(NFL) and the readingHylaeisimplied by the MSS (Hi(y)le(y)isNFL), and he printed the couplet as:et dicam ‘Licet Atraciis considat in oris,et licet Hylaeis, illa futura mea est.’
Lessons for the law of armed conflict from commitments of armed groups: identification of legitimate targets and prisoners of war
Authors: Sivakumaran Sandesh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractArmed groups frequently issue ad hoc commitments that contain a law of armed conflict component. These commitments detail the obligation of the relevant armed group to abide by international humanitarian law, the Geneva Conventions, or particular rules set out in the commitment. They commit the group to abide by international standards, sometimes exceed international standards, or in certain respects violate international standards. Although these commitments are often overlooked, they offer certain lessons for the law of armed conflict. This article considers the commitments of armed groups with respect to two specific areas of the law that are either of contested interpretation or seemingly inapplicable to non-international armed conflicts, namely the identification of legitimate targets and the prisoners of war regime.
The Arctic Ocean warms from below
Authors: Carmack Eddy C. , Williams William J. , Zimmermann Sarah L. , McLaughlin Fiona A. 
Published: March 2012

The old (∼450‐year isolation age) and near‐homogenous deep waters of the Canada Basin (CBDW), that are found below ∼2700 m, warmed at a rate of ∼0.0004°C yr−1 between 1993 and 2010. This rate is slightly less than expected from the reported geothermal heat flux (Fg ∼ 50 mW m−2). A deep temperature minimum Tmin layer overlies CBDW within the basin and is also warming at approximately the same rate, suggesting that some geothermal heat escapes vertically through a multi‐stepped, ∼300‐m‐thick deep transitional layer. Double diffusive convection and thermobaric instabilities are identified as possible mechanisms governing this vertical heat transfer. The CBDW found above the lower continental slope of the deep basin maintains higher temperatures than those in the basin interior, consistent with geothermal heat being distributed through a shallower water column, and suggests that heat from the basin interior does not diffuse laterally and escape at the edges.
Feedback regulation by Atf3 in the endothelin-1-responsive transcriptome of cardiomyocytes: Egr1 is a principal Atf3 target
Authors: Giraldo Alejandro , Barrett Oliver P. T. , Tindall Marcus J. , Fuller Stephen J. , Amirak Emre , Bhattacharya Bonhi S. , Sugden Peter H. , Clerk Angela 
Published: March 2012

Endothelin-1 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inducing changes in gene expression. Immediate early genes including Atf3 (activating transcription factor 3), Egr1 (early growth response 1) and Ptgs2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) are rapi-dly and transiently up-regulated by endothelin-1 in cardiomyocytes. Atf3 regulates the expression of downstream genes and is implicated in negative feedback regulation of other immediate early genes. To identify Atf3-regulated genes, we knocked down Atf3 expression in cardiomyocytes exposed to endothelin-1 and used microarrays to interrogate the transcriptomic effects. The expression of 23 mRNAs (including Egr1 and Ptgs2) was enhanced and the expression of 25 mRNAs was inhibited by Atf3 knockdown. Using quantitative PCR, we determined that knockdown of Atf3 had little effect on up-regulation of Egr1 mRNA over 30 min, but abolished the subsequent decline, causing sustained Egr1 mRNA expression and enhanced protein expression. This resulted from direct binding of Atf3 to the Egr1 promoter. Mathematical modelling established that Atf3 can suffice to suppress Egr1 expression. Given the widespread co-regulation of Atf3 with Egr1, we suggest that the Atf3–Egr1 negative feedback loop is of general significance. Loss of Atf3 caused abnormal cardiomyocyte growth, presumably resulting from the dysregulation of target genes. The results of the present study therefore identify Atf3 as a nexus in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy required to facilitate the full and proper growth response.
Silencing of the DEK gene induces apoptosis and senescence in CaSki cervical carcinoma cells via the up-regulation of NF-κB p65
Authors: Liu Kuiran , Feng Tianda , Liu Jie , Zhong Ming , Zhang Shulan 
Published: March 2012

The human DEK proto-oncogene has been found to play an important role in autoimmune disease, viral infection and human carcinogenesis. Although it is transcriptionally up-regulated in cervical cancer, its intracellular function and regulation is still unexplored. In the present study, DEK and IκBα [inhibitor of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) α] shRNAs (short hairpin RNAs) were constructed and transfected into CaSki cells using Lipofectamine™. The stable cell line CaSki–DEK was obtained after G418 selection. CaSki–IκB cells were observed at 48 h after psiRNA-IκB transfection. The inhibitory efficiency of shRNAs were detected by RT (reverse transcription)–PCR and Western blot analysis. The proliferation activity of cells were measured using an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay, cell apoptosis was measured using an Annexin V/PI (propidium iodide) kit, the cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry and cell senescence was detected using senescence β-galactosidase staining. The intracellular expression of NF-κB p65 protein was studied by cytochemistry. The expression levels of NF-κB p65, p50, c-Rel, IκBα and phospho-IκBα protein were analysed by immunoblotting in whole-cell lysates, cytosolic fractions and nuclear extracts. The protein expression and activity of p38 and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) were also assayed. In addition, the NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity was measured by ELISA. Following the silencing of DEK and IκBα, cell proliferation was inhibited, apoptosis was increased, the cell cycle was blocked in the G0/G1-phase with a corresponding decrease in the G2/M-phase, and cell senescence was induced. All of these effects may be related to the up-regulation of NF-κB p65 expression and its nuclear translocation.
Neutron Stars From Young Nearby Associations: The Origin of RX J1605.3+3249
Authors: Tetzlaff N. , Schmidt J. G. , Hohle M. M. , Neuhäuser R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMany neutron stars (NSs) and runaway stars apparently come from the same regions on the sky. This suggests that they share the same birth places, namely associations and clusters of young massive stars. To identify NS birth places, we attempt to find NS-runaway pairs that could be former companions that were disrupted in a supernova (SN). The remains of recent (<few Myr) nearby (<150 pc) SNe should still be identifiable by observing the emission of rare radioisotopes such as 26Al and 60Fe that can also be used as additional indicators to confirm a possible SN event. We investigated the origin of the isolated NS RX J1605.3+3249 and found that it was probably born ≈ 100 pc far from Earth 0.45 Myr ago in the extended Corona Australis or Octans associations, or in Sco OB4 ≈ 1 kpc 3.5 Myr ago. A SN in Octans is supported by the identification of one to two possible former companions—the runaway stars HIP 68228 and HIP 89394—as well as the appearance of a feature in the γ-ray emission from 26Al decay at the predicted SN place. Both, the progenitor masses estimated by comparison with theoretical 26Al yields as well as derived from the lifetime of the progenitor star, are found to be ≈ 11M⊙.
Movement of Resident Rainbow Trout Transplanted below a Barrier to Anadromy
Authors: Wilzbach Margaret A. , Ashenfelter Mark J. , Ricker Seth J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe tracked the movement of resident coastal rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus that were experimentally transplanted below a migration barrier in a northern California stream. In 2005 and 2006, age‐1 and older rainbow trout were captured above a 5‐m‐high waterfall in Freshwater Creek and individually marked with passive integrated transponder tags. Otolith microchemistry confirmed that the above‐barrier trout were the progeny of resident rather than anadromous parents, and genetic analysis indicated that the rainbow trout were introgressed with cutthroat trout O. clarkii. At each of three sampling events, half of the tagged individuals (n = 22 and 43 trout in 2005 and 2006, respectively) were released 5 km downstream from the waterfall (approximately 10 km upstream from tidewater), and an equal number of tagged individuals were released above the barrier. Tagged individuals were subsequently relocated with stationary and mobile antennae or recaptured in downstream migrant traps, or both, until tracking ceased in October 2007. Most transplanted individuals remained within a few hundred meters of their release location. Three individuals, including one rainbow trout released above the waterfall, were last detected in the tidally influenced lower creek. Two additional tagged individuals released above the barrier were found alive in below‐barrier reaches and had presumably washed over the falls. Two of seven tagged rainbow trout captured in downstream migrant traps had smolted and one was a presmolt. The smoltification of at least some individuals, coupled with above‐barrier “leakage” of fish downstream, suggests that above‐barrier resident trout have the potential to exhibit migratory behavior and to enter breeding populations of steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) within the basin.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Is it mandatory to ablate the atrioventricular junction to obtain a good response?
Authors: Tolosana José María , Arnau Ana Martín , Madrid Antonio Hernández , Macias Alfonso , Lozano Ignacio Fernández , Osca Joaquín , Quesada Aurelio , Toquero Jorge , Francés Roberto Matia , Bolao Ignacio García , Berruezo Antonio , Sitges Marta , Alcalá Mónica Gimenez , Brugada Josep , Mont Lluís ,   for the SPARE II investigators (Spanish Atrial Resynchronization Study II)
Published: March 2012

AimCurrent guidelines recommend atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Our study compared the CRT response of patients in sinus rhythm (SR) vs. AF.Methods and resultsIn this observational, prospective, multicentre study, patients were grouped by intrinsic rhythm. For the first 2 months, the negative chronotropic drug was optimized in the AF group. If ventricular pacing was ≤85%, AVJ ablation was recommended. Responders were defined as patients who survived without requiring heart transplant and had a ≥ 10% reduction in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV) at 12 months after implantation. Of 202 patients included, 156 (77%) were in SR and 46 (23%) had AF. After drug optimization, only 13/46 (28%) of the AF patients required AVJ ablation (AF + AVJ). The percentage of responders was 83/156 (53%) for SR vs. 22/46 (48%) AF (P = 0.4). Among AF patients the response was 16/33 (48%) for AF with non‐AVJ ablation vs. 6/13 (46%) AF + AVJ, P = 0.56. The LVESV decreased in all three groups: −30 ± 39 mL, −24 ± 43 mL, and −22 ± 36 mL, respectively (P = 0.75). Mortality was higher in patients with AF compared with SR: 10/46 (21%) vs. 9/156 (5.7%), log rank 10.6, P <0.05.ConclusionAlthough only 28% of the patients in AF had the AVJ ablated, there were no differences in the percentage of response and echo improvement between patients in SR and AF. However, mortality was higher in patients with AF compared with patients in SR.
Efficacy of homologous inositol hexaphosphate‐loaded red blood cells in sickle transgenic mice
Authors: Bourgeaux Vanessa , Aufradet Emeline , Campion Yannick , De Souza Geneviève , Horand Françoise , Bessaad Amine , Chevrier Anne‐Marie , Canet‐Soulas Emmanuelle , Godfrin Yann , Martin Cyril 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) can present several severe symptoms during their lifetime, including painful events due to vascular occlusion (VOC). Even though multiple factors are involved in VOC, hypoxia is the most important triggering factor. Inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) reduces the oxygen‐haemoglobin affinity thus improving the oxygen release in the blood stream and in the tissues. Thus, IHP‐loaded homologous red blood cells (IHP‐RBCs) could be able to reduce disorders in SCD. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed in two types of SCD transgenic mice (BERK and SAD). The administration of four repeated injections of IHP‐RBCs in BERK mice resulted in an improved survival rate and brain development, prevention of severe anaemia and a greatly lowered risk of VOC. After one injection of IHP‐RBCs, SAD mice were subjected to acute hypoxic stress. Analysis of the lungs revealed significantly decreased mRNA levels of molecules involved in intravascular disorders. Our results showed that transfusion of homologous IHP‐RBCs, by increasing the oxygen delivery, reduces SCD disorders in sickle transgenic mice.
Attachment insecurity predicts child active resistance to parental requests in a compliance task
Authors: Kok R. , van IJzendoorn M. H. , Linting M. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg M. J. , Tharner A. , Luijk M. P. C. M. , Székely E. , Jaddoe V. W. V. , Hofman A. , Verhulst F. C. , Tiemeier H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim  We studied the effects of early mother–child relationship quality and child temperament on the development of child compliance and active resistance in a large population‐based cohort study (n= 534).Background  Parenting and the quality of the parent–child relationship can either hamper or support the development of child compliance directly or in interplay with child temperament.Methods  Mother–infant dyads were observed at 14 and 36 months and maternal and child behaviours were independently coded. The quality of compliance was assessed at 36 months in a clean‐up task. Child behaviour was coded using a system differentiating between two dimensions: Compliance and Active Resistance.Results  Controlling for concurrent maternal sensitivity, child temperament, and gender children with a more insecure attachment relationship showed higher levels of active resistance during Clean‐Up than more securely attached children. The effect was stronger for boys than for girls and mainly driven by attachment avoidance.Conclusions  Early attachment is an important contributor to child socialization of moral behaviour.
Evidence of hypoxic foraging forays by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and potential consequences for prey consumption
Authors: ROBERTS JAMES J. , GRECAY PAUL A. , LUDSIN STUART A. , POTHOVEN STEVE A. , VANDERPLOEG HENRY A. , HÖÖK TOMAS O. 
Published: March 2012

Summary1. Previous studies in a variety of ecosystems have shown that ecologically and economically important benthic and bentho‐pelagic fishes avoid hypoxic (<2 mg O2 L−1) habitats by moving vertically or horizontally to more oxygenated areas. While avoidance of hypoxic conditions generally leads to a complete shift away from preferred benthic prey, some individual fish continue to consume benthic prey items in spite of bottom hypoxia, suggesting complex habitat utilisation and foraging patterns. For example, Lake Erie yellow perch (Perca flavescens) continue to consume benthic prey, despite being displaced vertically and horizontally by hypolimnetic hypoxia.2. We hypothesised that hypolimnetic hypoxia can negatively affect yellow perch by altering their distribution and inducing energetically expensive foraging behaviour. To test this hypothesis, we used drifting hydroacoustics and trawl sampling to quantify water column distribution, sub‐daily vertical movement and foraging behaviour of yellow perch within hypoxic and normoxic habitats of Lake Erie’s central basin during August‐September 2007. We also investigated the effects of rapid changes in ambient oxygen conditions on yellow perch consumption potential by exposing yellow perch to various static and fluctuating oxygen conditions in a controlled laboratory experiment.3. Our results indicate that, while yellow perch in general avoid hypoxic conditions, some individuals undertake foraging forays into hypoxic habitats where they experience greater fluctuations in abiotic conditions (pressure, temperature and oxygen concentration) than at normoxic sites. However, laboratory results suggest short‐term exposure to low oxygen conditions did not negatively impact consumption potential of yellow perch.4. Detailed understanding of sub‐daily individual behaviours may be crucial for determining interactive individual‐ and ecosystem‐level effects of stressors such as hypoxia.
Meiofaunal responses to nutrient additions in a Mediterranean stream
Authors: GAUDES A. , OCAÑA J. , MUÑOZ I. 
Published: March 2012

Summary1. The effects of a moderate addition of nutrients (twofold N and threefold P) were examined during a 2‐year period to determine the response to nutrient addition in a meiofaunal community inhabiting sandy patches in a Mediterranean stream.2. The pattern of meiofaunal assemblages exhibits a high degree of intra‐ and interannual variability. This pattern alternates between periods of hydrological stability and disturbances, such as floods and droughts, which is a characteristic of Mediterranean systems.3. A before–after–control–impact (BACI) design was used to determine the outcome of the addition by comparing an upstream non‐enriched reach with an enriched downstream reach. Analysis of the study data by means of a nonparametric permutational procedure (permanova) showed that fertilisation had a significant effect. Density and biomass values increased in the most abundant meiofaunal groups, including microcrustaceans, oligochaetes and chironomids. Microcrustaceans were the dominant group in the permanent meiofauna.4. We also examined differences in microcrustacean secondary production in both reaches. Ostracods and cyclopoid copepods increased their secondary production in the impacted reach as a result of the nutrient addition.5. Our study demonstrated that moderate nutrient enrichment can affect the biomass and production of stream meiofauna, but it is still unclear whether this effect was because of autotrophic or heterotrophic pathways.
Life history traits and abundance can predict local colonisation and extinction rates of freshwater mussels
Authors: VAUGHN CARYN C. 
Published: March 2012

Summary1. A critical need in conservation biology is to determine which species are most vulnerable to extinction. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionacea) are one of the most imperilled faunal groups globally. Freshwater mussel larvae are ectoparasites on fish and depend on the movement of their hosts to maintain connectivity among local populations in a metapopulation.2. I calculated local colonisation and extinction rates for 16 mussel species from 14 local populations in the Red River drainage of Oklahoma and Texas, U.S. I used general linear models and AIC comparisons to determine which mussel life history traits best predicted local colonisation and extinction rates.3. Traits related to larval dispersal ability (host infection mode, whether a mussel species was a host generalist or specialist) were the best predictors of local colonisation.4. Traits related to local population size (regional abundance, time spent brooding) were the best predictors of local extinction. The group of fish species used as hosts by mussels also predicted local extinction and was probably related to habitat fragmentation and host dispersal abilities.5. Overall, local extinction rates exceeded local colonisation rates, indicating that local populations are becoming increasingly isolated and suffering an ‘extinction debt’. This study demonstrates that analysis of species traits can be used to predict local colonisation and extinction patterns and provide insight into the long‐term persistence of populations.