bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Boron, Nitrogen, and Potassium on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and Abnormalities of Cotton
Authors: Miley Woody N. , Hardy Glenn W. , Sturgis M. B. , Sedberry Joe E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA field experiment was conducted on Beulah sandy loam to determine the influence of applications of B, N, and K on the yield, nutrient concentrations, and occurrence of growth abnormalities in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Symptoms indicative of B deficiency had been observed on the site the previous year. Applied B increased yield only when N was applied. Applied N increased yield only in the presence of applied B. Potassium fertilization had no effect on yield. Generally the B concentration in the plant tissue was increased by applied B, decreased by applied N, and not affected by applied K. At the early boll and medium boll stages of maturity, applied B decreased the percent total N in the leaf petioles but had no effect on that in the leaf blades. At the early square stage, applied B decreased the percent total N in the petioles when N was applied but had no effect on N concentration when no N was added. At two of three stages of maturity, applied B decreased the occurrence of ringed petioles, an abnormality considered to be a symptom of B deficiency. Applied N generally increased the occurrence of ringed petioles. At the early square stage, applied K, in the absence of applied B, increased the occurrence of ringed petioles but had no effect on the presence of rings when B was added.
Seasonal Relationships between Nitrogen Nutrition and Soluble Carbohydrates in the Leaves of Agrostis palustris Huds., and Poa pratemis L.1
Authors: Green David G. , Beard James B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSwards of ‘Toronto’ creeping bentgrass ,Agrostic palustris Huds.) and two cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), ‘common’ and ‘Merion,’ were fertilized at rates of 0,146, 292, 438, and 584 kg of nitrogen/ha (o, 3, 6, 9, and 12 lb nitrogen/1,0002 ft) per season. The concentrations of five carbohydrates were determined throughout the growing season from leaf tissue of grass plants subjected to these nitrogen (N) treatments. The oligosaccharides, particularly those of higher molecular weight than sucrose, were the sugars most responsive to the N treatments. Oligosaccharides decreased in concentration with increased N treatment. The N treatments did not produce concentraion differenials in the di‐ and monosaccharides. Treatments providing more than 73 kg N/ha (1 ½ lb soluble N/1,0002 ft) per application resulted in equivalent carbohydrate concentrations In the leaf tissue.
Fall Chiseling for Annual Cropping of Spring Wheat in the Intermountain Dryland Region1
Authors: Massee T. W. , Siddoway F. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractComparisons were made among annual cropping, annual cropping with fall chiseling, and a spring wheatfallow rotation with chiseling after harvest under a climate with near uniform monthly precipitation of 2.5 cm. Because cropping season precipitation averaged only 9.1 cm, soil water storage before planting was necessary to ensure crop production. “Annually cropped” plots averaged 15.0 cm stored available water per 180‐cm depth at planting, whereas “annually cropped‐fall chiseled,” and “cropped‐fall chiseled‐fallowed” plots averaged 21.3 and 22.9 cm, respectively.Soil water storage from the spring of the summerfallow year until the spring of the crop year was dependent upon the previous over‐winter storage (r2 = 0.65). When this initial storage was less than 23.9 cm per 180‐cm depth, water in storage was increased by summer‐fallowing. However when the initial storage exceeded 23.9 cm, summer‐fallowing resulted in a soil water loss. As crop yields were dependent on soil water storage at planting time (r2 = 0.68), it was possible to estimate in the spring what yields would be with annual cropping, and also what extra water might be stored by fallowing as an alternative practice.Nonfertilized, “annually cropped” and “annually cropped‐fall chiseled” plots contained approximately the same amount of soil NO3‐N at planting, but only the chiseled plots with their extra stored water produced a yield response from fertilizer N. In comparison, non‐fertilized fallowed plots con tamed 1½ times as much NO3‐N, and no yield response was obtained with fertilizer N.
Uptake and Translocation of Substituted Aniline Herbicides in Peanut Seedlings1
Authors: Ketchersid M. L. , Boswell T. E. , Merkle M. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAcropetal and basipetal movement of trifluralin was observed in peanut seedlings. Absorption of trifluralin was greater when seedlings were germinated in untreated soil and transplanted into treated soil than when germinated in treated soil. Translocation decreased as the age of the seedling increased. Basipetal movement of trifluralin was greater than that of benefin or nitralin. Trifluralin accumulated in the cotyledons of the seedling rather than in the growing points. Herbicidal concentrations were determined with a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron‐capture detector.
Phosphorus Fertilization of Hops1
Authors: Boawn Louis C. , Rasmussen Paul E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHops were grown on field plots treated with five levels of phosphorus fertilization to determine the effect of P on vine growth, cone quality, and zinc nutrition. A maximum P treatment of 1,344 kg/ha, applied over a 5‐year period, increased the extractable P level of the surface 20 cm of soil from 10 ppm to approximately 100 ppm. The P level in leaves and cones from this treatment was increased by approximately 0.10 to 0.15% P as compared with the no‐P treatment. Increased levels of P had no observable effect on vine color and vigor or on total growth as determined by vine green weight. The critical level for P in sidearm leaves at early bloom was indicated to be below 0.25%.The alpha acid content of cones decreased where P fertilization exceeded approximately 500 kg/ha. However, this decrease was poorly correlated with the P content of leaves, indicating the lack of a direct causal relationship.The P treatments caused a definite reduction in the Zn concentration in leaf and cone tissues, but did not induce observable Zn deficiency symptoms.
Atriplex polycarpa: I. Germination and Growth as Affected by Sodium Chloride in Water Cultures1
Authors: Chatterton N. Jerry , McKell Cyrus M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAtriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats. (desert saltbush) seed was found to have the same general range of salt tolerance during germination as the Australian saltbushes. Germination was severely reduced by solutions having osmotic potentials of —4.2 atmospheres or less. Growth of established seedlings, although reduced, was not inhibited by solutions having osmotic potentials of —25 atmospheres. Dry weight of plants in a given NaCl solution varied among populations indicating some populations are more salt tolerant than others. Root growth was somewhat correlated to top growth, however, salt restricted top growth more than root growth resulting in increased root/top ratios as the level of salinity increased. Only the highest concentration of NaCl used reduced 0root length. There was no correlation between percent moisture in top growth of desert saltbush and the osmotic potential of the water culture. Desert saltbush was found to be extremely tolerant of NaCl when grown under the conditions of this study.
Effects of Windrow Curing vs. Quick Drying on Post‐Harvest Development of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Seeds1
Authors: Rampton H. H. , Lee W. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDuring 2 years we harvested orchardgrass seed on the culms at different stages of maturity and cured it by two methods, viz., in windrows in the field and in a crop dryer at 35C. We used measurements of 1,000‐seed weight to determine if seeds continued to increase in weight after cutting while curing in the windrow. Weight of 1,000 seeds did not increase while curing in the windrow. Continued respiratory activity in the windrow before the seeds became dry may have caused loss of dry matter.Windrow‐cured seeds were superior in germination to dryer‐cured seeds at all stages of maturity.
Seedling Growth of Grasses and Forbs under Various Incandescent‐Fluorescent Wattage Ratios
Authors: McDonough Walter T. , Brown Ray W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeedlings of Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze, Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv., Bromus inermis Leyss., and Coronilla varia L. were grown for 8 weeks in growth chambers under incandescent‐fluorescent wattage ratios of 0.0, 0.16, 0.31, and 0.47. Growth, as indicated by stem length and dry weight of shoots and roots, was not significantly greater under incandescent and fluorescent lamps than under fluorescent lamps alone.
Mineral Composition of Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)1
Authors: Peck T. R. , Courier J. W. , Rhodes A. M. , Walker W. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLeaf blades and petioles of six horseradish cultivars were sampled at two stages of growth and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S. Mn, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, and Na composition. Based on these data, sampling of leaf blades at the fern‐leaf stage are recommended for the purpose of using plant analysis to monitor a soil fertility program for production of horseradish. Nutrient concentrations of this plant part at this growth stage showed the cultivars ranged from 2.01 to 2.98% N, 0.20 to 0.32% P, 2.40 to 3.78% K, 2.41 to 2.94% Ca, 0.26 to 0.31% Mg, 0.62 to 1.16% S, 127 to 230 ppm Mn, 56 to 145 ppm Fe, 44 to 65 ppm Zn, 42 to 66 ppm B, 10 to 12 ppm Cu, 269 to 390 ppm Na, and marketable yields ranged from 3,091 to 9,520 kg/ha.
In Vivo Nylon Bag vs. Two‐Stage In Vitro Digestion: Comparison of Two Techniques for Estimating Dry‐Matter Digestibility of Forages1
Authors: Manson W. G. , Lowrey R. S. , Forbes Ian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn vivo nylon bag and two‐stage in vitro, digestion techniques were used to estimate dry‐matter digestibility of 159 forage samples involving Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.), Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf and C.E. Hubb.), blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), Desmodium uncinatum, and Dolichos lablab L. A highly significant correlation (r = .81, P < .01) was obtained between the two methods with all forages. The stem component of the pearl millet samples gave the lowest correlation between methods. Either method, when properly used, can be of valuable assistance in evaluating the quality of large numbers of forage samples.
Irrigated Wheat on a Calcareous Soil as Affected by Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Zinc: II. Analysis of the Young Plant in Relation to Yield1
Authors: Fuehring H. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe base of the plant was suitable for diagnosis of N, P, K, Zn, and Mn nutrition of wheat at the three‐leaf stage. The critical level of nitrate‐N was 2,300 ppm, and 2,800 ppm or more appeared to be excessive. Desirable levels of P and Zn were related to the amount of tillering needed to produce the optimum number of heads for the potential yield. At a normal seeding rate, excess P and Zn resulted in overstimulation of tillering and reduced yields. Where low seeding rates are desirable as with expensive hybrid wheats, application of P and Zn at or just prior to the tillering stage in the right amounts as determined from plant analysis may be one means of compensating for the low initial plant population.
Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Four Grass Hays and Their Component Parts1
Authors: Krueger C. R. , Hamilton R. I. , Scholl J. M. , Baumgardt B. R. 
Published: July 2010

AstractFour first‐growth forages, ‘Sterling’ orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), ‘Canada common’ and ‘Sac’ smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and ‘Climax’ timothy (Phleum pratense L.) were harvested at approximately 50% inflorescence emergence, artificially dried, and fed to dairy goats in total collection digestion trials.Canada common and Sac bromegrass and Climax timothy were separated into headed and nonheaded tillers. Headed tillers were fractionated into an inflorescence portion and by internode into leaf blade, leaf sheath, and stem portions. Nonheaded tillers were divided into leaf blade, leaf sheath, and stem fractions.Sterling orchardgrass was higher than Canada common and Sac bromegrass in the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and acid‐detergent fiber; however, there was no difference in dry matter intake. Digestibilities of the two bromegrass varieties were not different. Climax timothy was lowest in digestibility and intake.Top portions of the headed tillers were lower in acid‐detergent fiber and lignin and higher in Kjeldahl nitrogen and in vitro dry matter digestibility than their corresponding basal fractions. Leaf blade, leaf sheath, and stem portions of Canada common bromegrass were generally highest in Kjeldahl nitrogen and in vitro dry matter digestibility and lowest in acid‐detergent fiber and lignin. Sac bromegrass components were intermediate and Climax timothy fractions were lowest in quality. Leaf blades of both headed and nonheaded tillers were generally lowest in acid‐detergent fiber and lignin and highest in Kjeldahl nitrogen and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The reverse was true of the leaf sheaths, while the stems were intermediate.
Mechanism of the Differential Response of Wf9 and Oh40B Corn Seedlings to Iron Nutrition1
Authors: Odurukwe S. O. , Maynard D. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of differential response of corn (Zea muys L.) inbred lines, Oh40B and Wf9, to Fe nutrition was studied in sand and water cultures in a greenhouse. Oh40B was inefficient while Wf9 was nutritionally efficient with respect to utilization of Fe. Wf9 had a higher concentration of Fe in the tissues than Oh40B at several roncentrations of Fe in the nutrient medium, but the difference was not sufficient to account for the observed differences in chlorosis.In experiment testing the effects of Fe with other ions, Oh40B seedlings accumulated more P and Mn and showed more chlorosis than Wf9. Fe toxicity symptoms were induced in Wf9 and not in Oh40B cultured at high levels of Fe. It is concluded that Oh40B is more susceptible to chlorosis in the seedling stage than Wf9 because of its low Fe:P and Fe:Mn ratios and consequently lower amounts of available Fe. Conversely Wf9 is more prone to Fe toxicity because of its greater concentration of available Fe in the tissues, as indicated by the higher Fe:P and Fe:Mn ratios. Oh40B recovered from chlorosis at tasseling with a concomitant decrease in P and Mn concentrations.
Rootzone Salt Profiles and Alfalfa Growth as Influenced by Irrigation Water Salinity and Leaching Fraction1
Authors: Bower C. A. , Ogata G. , Tucker J. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlfalfa was grown in lysimeters under 12 duplicated irrigation water and leaching fraction treatments to determine the steady‐state salt profiles that developed and to relate the salt profiles to yield. At constant salinity of the irrigation water, soil salinity was minimum and the same at the soil surface irrespective of leaching fraction but increased more with depth as the leaching fraction decreased. In spite of marked differences in distribution of soil salinity, yield was highly related to the average salinity of the rootzone with the electrical conductivity of soil‐saturation‐extract values associated with 10 and 50% yield decreases being 5 and 11 mmho/ cm, respectively. Initial increments of leaching were the most effective in preventing soil‐salt accumulations. for irrigation waters having electrical conductivities of 2 and 4 mmho/cm, leaching fractions of .13 and .29, respectively, prevented yield decreases of more than 10%.
A Vetch Producing Both Subterranean and Aerial Seeds
Authors: Durlu Nazim , Cornelius Donald R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLegumes are needed in the grain rotation of the central Anatolia region of Turkey and in other areas. Therefore, it was necessary to find a legume tolerant of the severe climatic conditions in this region. Vicia sativa subsp. amphicarpa, a native plant in this region, produces both subterranean and aerial seeds. This characteristic of producing subterranean seeds enhances persistence under severe cold or drought conditions and under heavy grazing.
Effects of Morphological Characteristics Upon Seed Yield in Soybeans1
Authors: Hartwig Edgar E. , Edwards Calton J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe measured the effect of several morphological characters upon seed yield in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) by transferring each of the characters into a common background by a backcrossing program. Morphological characters studied were small seed, large seed, low number of seeds per pod, high number of seeds per pod, indeterminate growth, glabrousness, curly pubescence, dense pubescence, and narrow leaves. The effects of flower color and pubescence color were also studied. The only characters that influenced yield were indeterminate growth and glabrousness. We considered the lower yield for the indeterminate growth type to be the result of increased lodging and the lower yield of the glabrous line to be the result of early season injury by the potato leaf hopper (Empoasca fabae (Harris)).
Establishment of Perennial Forages I. Subsequent Yields1
Authors: Buxton D. R. , Wedin W. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of five establishment methods on subsequent yields of six perennial forages were studied in two similar experiments. The methods of establishment used were a check with natural weed growth, two oat companions (Avena sativa L. and A. byzantina L.) with contrasting canopies, hand weeding until mid‐July, and planting in mid‐August after a crop of oats was removed.Percentage of incident solar radiation was significantly greater under the oat companion with the less‐dense canopy when weed competition was light. Conversely, with severe weed competition, significantly less radiation was observed under the same companion because of greater weed growth. Yields of forages established with the two companions did not differ significantly the year following seeding.Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stands were less sensitive to interspecies competition than were crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) stands. Inverse relationships existed between interspecies competition and tiller densities of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). With adequate moisture and fertility, treatments resulting in low tiller densities showed a rapid recovery by the second harvest of the year after seeding.Summer sowing of alfalfa and the three grass species in dry summers resulted in greater yields from three harvests taken the following year than were obtained when these species were planted in mid‐April, weeded until mid‐July, and then harvested twice in the seeding year. During the first 2 years, increased production resulting from weeding normally would not have compensated for yield of the companion crop. Harvesting both the companion crop and undersown species .for forage at an early stage would very likely result in greatest total production.
Phosphorus Availability on Two Soils as Determined by Several Methods1
Authors: Griffin G. F. , Lorton R. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was grown in the greenhouse on two Connecticut soils. Different residual P levels were established in the soils prior to seeding.The effectiveness of five soil testing procedures (Morgan, modified Morgan, modified Morgan plus fluoride, North Carolina, and Bray No. 1) in measuring P availability and predicting alfalfa yield was determined. When both soils were considered together, the Morgan and modified Morgan methods predicted P availability (as measured by P uptake) more reliably than the other three extractants. There were no differences among the five methods in measuring P availability when the soils were considered separately.The Morgan and modified Morgan procedures predicted yield from the first cutting more reliably than the other methods when both soils were considered together. The five extractants were equally effective in predicting total yield (two cuttings) when the soils were considered together or individually.Changes in Morgan and North Carolina‐extractable P effected by cropping correlated more highly with total P uptake from both soils than did changes in extractable P measured by the three other procedures. Phosphorus uptake from one of the soils was highly correlated (r = .92) with the log of the change in North Carolina‐extractable P.
Effects of Some Triazines on Corn and Bean Plants Grown on Natural and Amended Soils
Authors: Wallace A. , Mueller R. T. , El Gazzar A. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhytotoxic effects of some triazines were studied for corn grown on soil amended to be acid, neutral, or calcareous. One of the triazines (prometryne) was more phytotoxic than others to corn on calcareous soil. Atrazinc was not toxic to corn on any of the soils at commercial application rates although it was mildly toxic in nutrient solution and in soil at high application rates. Somewhat more C14‐atrazine was absorbed by corn from calcareous soil than from noucalcareous soil and more from solution at high pH than at low pH. Bush beans, for which atrazine is toxic, contained no more C14 from a C14‐atrazine application than did corn. Toxicity to corn with atrazine in solution culture was increased rather than decreased by a decreased Ca level. Fe and Zn chelates did not overcome any of the phytotoxicities.
Seasonal Dry Matter Distribution and Annual Yields of a Cool‐season Sward as Altered by Frequency and Rate of Nitrogen Application1
Authors: Burns J. C. , Gross H. D. , Woodhouse W. W. , Nelson L. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a 4‐year study we evaluated several frequencies, dates, and rates of nitrogen applications for stimulating growth of a Kentucky bluegrass‐orchardgrass‐white clover sward during midsummer.Stimulation of midseason production from the nitrogen variable was only obtained during favorable growing seasons. In such seasons the shift of nitrogen application from early March and early May to late March and late May delayed dry matter peak production by several weeks without reducing annual production.In general, seven applications of nitrogen, to obtain an annual total of 224 kg N/ha, were no better in stimulating midsummer growth than four or three. Likewise, four applications were of no advantage over three. However, when nitrogen levels reached 894 kg/ha, the more frequent application appeared superior to three or four. Little change in midseason dry matter production was associated with changing application date from late month to early month.Increasing nitrogen levels up to 448 kg/ha generally resulted in significant increases in dry matter production. However, when the relative yield distribution from the nitrogen treatments (1967) was compared to the check (plots receiving no nitrogen, but with adequate lime, P205 and K20) no difference was obtained.