bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observational constraints on the stellar recycled gas in active galactic nuclei feeding
Authors: Riffel Rogério , Dahmer-Hahn Luis G , Vazdekis Alexandre , Davies Richard , Rosario David , Almeida Cristina Ramos , Audibert Anelise , Martín-Navarro Ignacio , Martins Lucimara Pires , Rodríguez-Ardila Alberto , Riffel Rogemar A , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Bertoldo-Coelho Michele , Trevisan Marina , Hicks Erin , Müller Allan Schnorr- , Marinho Lais Nery , Veilleux Sylvain 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Near-infrared long-slit spectroscopy has been used to study the stellar population (SP) of the low luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and matched analogues (LLAMA) sample. To perform the SP fits we have employed the X-shooter simple stellar population models together with the starlight code. Our main conclusions are: The star formation history of the AGNs is very complex, presenting many episodes of star formation during their lifetimes. In general, AGN hosts have higher fractions of intermediate-age SP (light-weighted mean ages, &lt;t &gt; L ≲ 4.5 Gyr) when compared with their analogues (&lt;t &gt; L ≲ 8.0 Gyr). AGNs are more affected by reddening and require significant fractions of featureless continuum and hot dust components. The ratio between the AGN radiated energy and the gravitational potential energy of the molecular gas (ERad/EPG) for the AGN is compared with the &lt;t &gt; L and a possible anticorrelation is observed. This suggests that the AGN is affecting the star formation in these galaxies, in the sense that more energetic AGN [log(ERad/EPG) ≳ 3] tend to host nuclear younger SP (&lt;t &gt; L ≲4 Gyr). We found that the recent (t &lt;2 Gyr) returned (recycled) stellar mass is higher in AGN than in the controls. We also provide evidence that the mass-loss of stars would be enough to feed the AGN, thus providing observational constraints for models that predict that AGN feeding is partially due to the recycled gas from dying stars.
Consequences of a low-mass high-pressure star formation mode in early galaxies
Authors: Fabian A C , Sanders J S , Ferland G J , McNamara B R , Pinto C , Walker S A 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
High resolution X-ray spectra reveal hidden cooling flows depositing cold gas at the centres of massive nearby early-type galaxies with little sign of normal star formation. Optical observations are revealing that a bottom-heavy initial mass function is common within the inner kpc of similar galaxies. We revive the possibility that a low-mass star formation mode is operating due to the high thermal pressure in the cooling flow, thus explaining the accumulation of low-mass stars. We further explore whether such a mode operated in early high-redshift galaxies and has sporadically continued to the present day. The idea links observed distant galaxies with black holes which are ultramassive for their stellar mass, nearby red nuggets and massive early-type galaxies. Nearby elliptical galaxies may be red but they are not dead.
Optical spectroscopic and photometric classification of the X-ray transient EP240309a (EP J115415.8−501810) as an intermediate polar
Authors: Potter Stephen B , Buckley David A H , Scaringi S , Monageng I M , Egbo Okwudili D , Charles Philip A , Erasmus N , van Gend Carel , Loubser Egan , Titus Keegan , Rosie Kathryn , Gajjar Hitesh , Worters H L , Chandra Sunil , Julie R P M , Hlakola Moloko 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We report on optical follow-up observations of an X-ray source initially detected by the Einstein Probe mission. Our investigations categorize the source as an intermediate polar, a class of magnetic cataclysmic variables, exhibiting an orbital period of 3.7614(4) h and a white dwarf spin period of 3.97 min. The orbital period was identified through TESS observations, while our high-speed photometric data, obtained using the 1.9m and Lesedi 1.0m telescopes at the South African Astronomical Observatory, revealed both the spin and beat periods. Additionally, we present orbitally phase-resolved spectroscopic observations using the 1.9m telescope, specifically centred on the H β emission line, which reveal two emission components that exhibit Doppler variations throughout the orbital cycle.
Liver Steatosis is Prevalent in Lean People With HIV and Associated With Exposure to Antiretroviral Treatment—A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: van Eekeren Louise E , Vadaq Nadira , Vos Wilhelm A J W , Blaauw Marc J T , Groenendijk Albert L , van Lunzen Jan , Stalenhoef Janneke E , Berrevoets Marvin A H , Verbon Annelies , Weijers Gert , Netea Mihai G , van der Ven André J A M , de Mast Quirijn , Joosten Leo A B , Tjwa Eric T T L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Steatotic liver disease is suggested to have a higher prevalence and severity in people with HIV (PHIV), including in those with a normal body mass index (BMI). In this study, we used data from the 2000HIV cohort to (1) assess the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in lean versus overweight/obese PHIV and (2) assess associations in these subgroups between steatosis and fibrosis with traditional risk factors and HIV-specific characteristics.

Methods
The 2000HIV study cohort comprises 1895 virally suppressed PHIV that were included between 2019 and 2021 in 4 HIV treatment centers in the Netherlands. The majority (58.5%) underwent vibration-controlled transient elastography for the assessment of liver steatosis and fibrosis. The prevalence of steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter ≥263 dB/m) and fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement ≥7.0 kPa) was estimated. Multiple factors including HIV characteristics and antiretroviral drugs were tested in a logistic regression model for association with steatosis and fibrosis. Analyses were performed separately for lean (Asian descent: BMI &lt; 23 kg/m2, other descent: BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (other BMI) participants.

Results
Of 1050 PHIV including 505 lean and 545 overweight/obese PHIV, liver steatosis was observed in 37.7% of the overall study population, 19.7% of lean, and 54% of overweight/obese PHIV, whereas fibrosis was observed in 9.0% of the overall study population, 5.9% of lean, and 12.0% of overweight/obese PHIV.
All associations with fibrosis and most associations with steatosis concerned metabolic factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (overall population: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for steatosis: 2.3 [1.21-4.4], P = .011; aOR for fibrosis: 3.7 [1.82-7.53], P &lt; .001). Furthermore, in lean PLHIV, liver steatosis was associated with CD4 and CD8 counts at enrollment, dual therapy, and history of treatment with raltegravir (aOR: 3.6 [1.53-8.47], P = .003), stavudine (aOR: 3.73 [1.69-8.2], P = .001), and indinavir (aOR: 3.86 [1.59-9.37], P = .003). These associations were not observed in overweight/obese PHIV.

Conclusions
Liver steatosis was highly prevalent, affecting approximately one-fifth of lean PHIV and half of overweight/obese PHIV. Fibrosis was observed in a minority. Both steatosis and fibrosis were associated with traditional metabolic risk factors. In addition, (prior) exposure to specific antiretroviral drugs was associated liver steatosis in lean, but not in overweight/obese PHIV. Implementing increased screening protocols could enhance the identification of steatotic liver disease in lean PHIV.
The Incidence of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the United States and Associated Healthcare Utilization Between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Vella Venanzio , Derreumaux Dominique , Aris Emmanuel , Pellegrini Michele , Contorni Mario , Scherbakov Michael , Bagnoli Fabio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The number of patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the United States appeared to be increasing well into the 21st century. However, no recent data have confirmed this trend.

Methods
This retrospective, observational cohort study used claims data over 11 years (2010–2020) from Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database. SSTI episodes, complications, and comorbidities were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. Annual SSTI incidence rates, proportions of recurrent SSTI, SSTI-associated deaths, and total costs were estimated.

Results
During the study period, 5.4 million patients experienced 9.1 million SSTI episodes, with an incidence of 77.5 (95% confidence interval, 77.4–77.5) per 1000 person-years of observation (PYO). Annual incidence did not change significantly over time. Overall incidence (per 1000 PYO) of SSTI episodes in patients without comorbidities was 32.1 (highest incidence was for previous SSTI [113.5]) versus much higher rates if comorbidities were present. Incidence rates (per 1000 PYO) of chronic ulcers increased over time from 11.3 to 18.2 (P &lt; .0001) and complicated disease from 3.5 to 6.3 (P &lt; .0001). Deaths occurring within 30 days post–SSTI hospitalization rose from 2.6% to 4.6% in 2020. Recurrences occurred in 26.3% of index cases. The mean cost of an SSTI episode was US$3334 (median US$190) and was highest for surgical site infections and chronic ulcers.

Conclusions
The epidemiology of SSTI in the United States is changing and the disease burden is increasing despite stabilization in overall incidence. These data can inform identification of priority populations who could benefit from targeted interventions.
‘Hard AI Crime’: The Deterrence Turn
Authors: Nerantzi Elina , Sartor Giovanni 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Machines powered by artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly taking over tasks previously performed by humans alone. In accomplishing such tasks, they may intentionally commit ‘AI crimes’, ie engage in behaviour which would be considered a crime if it were accomplished by humans. For instance, an advanced AI trading agent may—despite its designer’s best efforts—autonomously manipulate markets while lacking the properties for being held criminally responsible. In such cases (hard AI crimes) a criminal responsibility gap emerges since no agent (human or artificial) can be legitimately punished for this outcome. We aim to shift the ‘hard AI crime’ discussion from blame to deterrence and design an ‘AI deterrence paradigm’, separate from criminal law and inspired by the economic theory of crime. The homo economicus has come to life as a machina economica, which, even if cannot be meaningfully blamed, can nevertheless be effectively deterred since it internalises criminal sanctions as costs.
Hidden citations obscure true impact in science
Authors: Meng Xiangyi , Varol Onur , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
References, the mechanism scientists rely on to signal previous knowledge, lately have turned into widely used and misused measures of scientific impact. Yet, when a discovery becomes common knowledge, citations suffer from obliteration by incorporation. This leads to the concept of hidden citation, representing a clear textual credit to a discovery without a reference to the publication embodying it. Here, we rely on unsupervised interpretable machine learning applied to the full text of each paper to systematically identify hidden citations. We find that for influential discoveries hidden citations outnumber citation counts, emerging regardless of publishing venue and discipline. We show that the prevalence of hidden citations is not driven by citation counts, but rather by the degree of the discourse on the topic within the text of the manuscripts, indicating that the more discussed is a discovery, the less visible it is to standard bibliometric analysis. Hidden citations indicate that bibliometric measures offer a limited perspective on quantifying the true impact of a discovery, raising the need to extract knowledge from the full text of the scientific corpus.
Healthcare professionals perspectives on tuberculosis barriers in Portuguese prisons—a qualitative study
Authors: Aguiar Ana , Abreu Mariana , Duarte Raquel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern, particularly within prison settings, where the confluence of adverse health factors and high-risk behaviors contribute to a heightened risk of transmission. This study delves into the perspectives of medical doctors, regarding the implementation of the 2014 TB protocol in Portugal.

Methods
The study has a qualitative, descriptive design. Individual semi-structured interviews with medical doctors from TB outpatient centers in Porto and Lisbon were used for data collection. For the analysis thematic analysis method was used.

Results
The study population comprised 21 medical doctors with the majority being female (61.9%) and 57.1% specializing in pulmonology. The results indicate varied perceptions of the protocol’s usefulness, with positive impacts on coordination reported by some participants. Improved communication and evolving collaboration between TB outpatient centers and prisons were highlighted, although challenges in contact tracing and resource constraints were acknowledged. The study also sheds light on the role of nurses in patient education.

Conclusion
Despite overall positive perceptions, challenges such as sustaining therapy post-symptomatic improvement and delays in diagnostic methods were identified. The findings underscore the importance of continuous collaboration between prisons and TB control programs to address challenges, improve disease control and prevent TB transmission.
Banks’ Market Power, Access to Finance, and Leverage
Authors: Bustamante M Cecilia , D’Acunto Francesco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
How does lending-market competitiveness shape new firms’ financing? Using a unique U.S. representative panel of new firms, we document that in more concentrated local lending markets: (a) new firms are less likely to access credit; (b) new firms have lower leverage; and (c) the best-performing firms are more severely affected by reduced debt financing. We develop a contingent-claims model with monopolistically competitive banks that rationalizes these facts and shows how credit-market conditions determine loan fees and concentration. Our findings highlight banks’ market power as a channel through which the financial sector influences firms’ development and, hence, economic growth. (JEL D82, G21, G32, G34, L26)
Dolimandro’s ‘Turkish Knife’: Geopolitics and Narrative Style in Mary Wroth’s Urania
Authors: Grayson Spencer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This essay examines Lady Mary Wroth’s engagement with early seventeenth-century Anglo-Ottoman relations in The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania. The Urania follows a group of rulers who create an international Christian coalition in what was historically part of the Ottoman Empire. Besides Bernadette Andrea, no other critic has seriously considered the Urania’s allusions to Ottoman peoples, places, and objects. I propose that Wroth’s prose, filled with interpretive cruxes resulting from syntactical and pronominal ambiguities, resonates with England’s ambiguously identificatory relationship with the Ottoman Empire to create a geopolitically inflected narrative style. Following critical work on early modern race as a measure of ‘proximity’, I identify English desires both to identify with and differentiate themselves from the Ottoman Empire within literary and diplomatic discourses. I demonstrate how members of the Sidney-Herbert circle negotiated overlaps in English and Ottoman political, legal, religious, and racial identity markers. I then argue that these overlaps synergize with Wroth’s use of what I term syntactical and pronominal ‘severalty’ of character voices, particularly those of her narrator and characters identified with Ottoman regions. I conclude by demonstrating how Wroth experiments with her narrative style to imagine a Christian empire that surpasses Ottoman authority. In identifying a dialectic between contemporary Anglo-Ottoman relations and Wroth’s narrative style, this essay expands critical approaches to the politics of the Urania beyond more global narratological analysis.
Random-Effects Substitution Models for Phylogenetics via Scalable Gradient Approximations
Authors: Magee Andrew F , Holbrook Andrew J , Pekar Jonathan E , Caviedes-Solis Itzue W , Matsen IV Fredrick A , Baele Guy , Wertheim Joel O , Ji Xiang , Lemey Philippe , Suchard Marc A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Phylogenetic and discrete-trait evolutionary inference depend heavily on an appropriate characterization of the underlying character substitution process. In this paper, we present random-effects substitution models that extend common continuous-time Markov chain models into a richer class of processes capable of capturing a wider variety of substitution dynamics. As these random-effects substitution models often require many more parameters than their usual counterparts, inference can be both statistically and computationally challenging. Thus, we also propose an efficient approach to compute an approximation to the gradient of the data likelihood with respect to all unknown substitution model parameters. We demonstrate that this approximate gradient enables scaling of sampling-based inference, namely Bayesian inference via Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, under random-effects substitution models across large trees and state-spaces. Applied to a dataset of 583 SARS-CoV-2 sequences, an HKY model with random-effects shows strong signals of nonreversibility in the substitution process, and posterior predictive model checks clearly show that it is a more adequate model than a reversible model. When analyzing the pattern of phylogeographic spread of 1441 influenza A virus (H3N2) sequences between 14 regions, a random-effects phylogeographic substitution model infers that air travel volume adequately predicts almost all dispersal rates. A random-effects state-dependent substitution model reveals no evidence for an effect of arboreality on the swimming mode in the tree frog subfamily Hylinae. Simulations reveal that random-effects substitution models can accommodate both negligible and radical departures from the underlying base substitution model. We show that our gradient-based inference approach is over an order of magnitude more time efficient than conventional approaches.
A Cadaveric Study: Does Ankle Positioning Affect the Quality of Anatomic Syndesmosis Reduction?
Authors: Aneja Arun , Nazal Mark R. , Griffin Jarod T. , Foster Jeffrey A. , Muhammad Maaz , Sierra-Arce Carlos R. , Southall Wyatt G. S. , Wagner Robert Kaspar , Ly Thuan V. , Srinath Arjun 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to compare the quality of syndesmotic reduction with the ankle in maximal dorsiflexion versus neutral plantarflexion (normal resting position).

METHODS:
Baseline computed tomography (CT) imaging of 10 cadaveric ankle specimens from 5 donors was obtained with the ankles placed in normal resting position. Two fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons disrupted the syndesmosis of each ankle specimen. All ankles were then placed in neutral plantarflexion and were subsequently reduced with thumb pressure under direct visualization through an anterolateral approach and stabilized with one 0.062-inch K-wire placed from lateral to medial in a quadricortical fashion across the syndesmosis. Postreduction CT scans were then obtained with the ankle in normal resting position. This process was repeated with the ankles placed in maximal dorsiflexion during reduction and stabilization. Postreduction CT scans were then obtained with the ankles placed in normal resting position. All postreduction CT scans were compared with baseline CT imaging using mixed-effects linear regression with significance set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS:
Syndesmotic reduction and stabilization in maximal dorsiflexion led to increased external rotation of the fibula compared with baseline scans [13.0 ± 5.4 degrees (mean ± SD) vs. 7.5 ± 2.4 degrees, P = 0.002]. There was a tendency toward lateral translation of the fibula with the ankle reduced in maximal dorsiflexion (3.3 ± 1.0 vs. 2.7 ± 0.7 mm, P = 0.096). No other statistically significant differences between measurements of reduction with the ankle placed in neutral plantarflexion or maximal dorsiflexion compared with baseline were present (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Reducing the syndesmosis with the ankle in maximal dorsiflexion may lead to malreduction with external rotation of the fibula. There was no statistically significant difference in reduction quality with the ankle placed in neutral plantarflexion compared with baseline. Future studies should assess the clinical implications of ankle positioning during syndesmotic fixation.
Effects of sacubitril/valsartan versus olmesartan on left atrial structure in hypertensive patients without HFrEF: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meng Peina , Guo Yajie , Dong Jing , Wu Zhiming , Wu Xiangqi , Huang Tianyi , You Wei , Ji Meili , Jia Haibo , Ye Fei 
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose:
Treatment with sacubitril plus valsartan attenuates cardiac remodeling in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Evidence for potential effects of sacubitril/valsartan on left atrial remodeling in hypertensive patients without HFrEF, however, is limited. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of sacubitril/valsartan and olmesartan on the left atrial structure in Chinese hypertensive patients.

Methods:
This single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted at Nanjing First Hospital from June 2021 to February 2022. Adult patients (18–80 years of age) with essential hypertension but no HFrEF were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive sacubitril/valsartan or olmesartan. Initial dosage was 100 mg/day for sacubitril/valsartan and 20 mg/day for olmesartan. In patients who did not reach the target blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) within a week, dosage was increased to 200 to 400 mg/day for sacubitril/valsartan and 40 mg/day for olmesartan. In patients who failed to reach the target blood pressure at 4 weeks, other antihypertensive drugs were used at physician’s discretion. The patients should reach the target blood pressure at 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change of left atrial volume index (LAVI) from baseline to 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints included the changes of left atrial diameter (LAD), left atrial emptying fraction (LAEF), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) from baseline to 24 weeks. Results are shown as median and interquartile range (IQR).

Results:
A total of 153 patients were enrolled. The final analysis included 145 patients who completed the 24-week assessment: 71 and 74 in the sacubitril/valsartan and olmesartan groups, respectively. Demographic and key baseline characteristics (e.g., blood pressure) were comparable between the 2 groups. Target blood pressure was achieved in all 145 patients at 8 weeks. In comparison to the olmesartan group, the sacubitril/valsartan group had significantly greater change in LAVI (−4.19 [−2.87, −5.43] vs. −0.61 [−0.53, −1.13] mL/m2, P < 0.001), LAEF (1.00% [2.00%, 0%] vs. 0% [1.00%, −1.00%], P = 0.014), LVEDD (−2.00 [0, −3.00]mm vs. −1.00 [0, −1.00]mm, P < 0.001), and LVEF (1.00% [3.00%, 1.00%] vs. 0% [1.00%, 0%], P < 0.001), but not LAD, LAVI, LAEF, LVEDD, and LVEF at 24 weeks relative to the baseline.

Conclusions:
In comparison to olmesartan, sacubitril/valsartan resulted in more robust improvements in left atrial and ventricular structure and function in hypertensive patients without HFrEF.