bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on preparation of HDPE/CB composites including a novel oriented structure by the microwave heating and their characterization
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Fanghui , Qian Xinyuan , Lei Yanwei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMicrowave heating has several advantages over traditional methods of heating, including rapid and uniform heating, greater penetration depth of heat into material, lower power costs and selective heating within the material and so on. In this paper, effects of microwave heating on the properties of high‐density polyethylene/carbon black (HDPE/CB) composites were studied. The results show that the HDPE/CB composites can be heated via microwave irradiation, and composites with different CB concentration exhibit different microwave heatability. The 20 wt% CB composites have the most rapid heating rate, and its temperature reaches 78°C after 10 sec, and 159°C after 150 sec, respectively. Meanwhile, microwave heating improves the mechanical properties of HDPE/CB composites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis shows a better combination between CB particles and HDPE after microwave irradiation. Furthermore, selective heating of microwave was used to prepare a novel oriented structure, which the core layer has preferential orientation and the surface layer has little orientation. Characterization of the novel oriented structure was also studied. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis of 25 wt% CB composites with the novel oriented structure shows that the diffraction peaks of the surface layer are obviously weaker than those of the core layer, which indicates that orientation in the core layer is more intensive than that in the surface layer. The novel oriented structure is different to the traditional skin‐core structure, in which the surface layer has preferential orientation and the core layer has little orientation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoconductivity of C60‐doping benzocarbazole‐substituted polysiloxanes on an operating wavelength of 633 nm
Authors: Moon In Kyu , Oh Jin‐Woo , Kim Nakjoong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA novel polysiloxane having benzo[a]carbazole, benzo[a,i]carbazole, and benzo[a,g]carbazole pendant groups has been synthesized and characterized. We studied the electric‐field‐induced xerographic properties, the photogeneration efficiency, and the photoconductivity of C60‐doping polymeric composites at a wavelength of 633 nm. C60‐doping with benzo[a,g]carbazole‐substituted polysiloxane shows a photogeneration efficiency of 56.55 × 10−5 and a photoconductivity of 52.2 pS/cm at E = 100 V/µm, which was found to be higher than that of the other benzocarbazole‐substituted polysiloxane composites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porous composite scaffolds of hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin via two‐step method
Authors: Liu Lin , Liu Jinying , Kong Xiangdong , Cai Yurong , Yao Juming 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA two‐step method was used to fabricate the hydroxyapatite (HAP)/silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds, i.e. the nano‐sized HAP/SF composite powders were prepared by co‐precipitation, which were then blended with SF solution to fabricate the HAP/SF composite scaffolds. The obtained scaffolds showed a 3D porous structure. The porosity was higher than 90% with the average macropore size of 214.2 µm. Moreover, the nano‐sized HAP/SF composite powders were uniformly dispersed in the silk fibroin matrix, which provided the scaffolds enhanced compressive properties. The cell culture assay showed that the scaffolds fabricated by the two‐step method could improve the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation when compared with those prepared by the conventional one‐step blending method. The results suggested that the two‐step method could promote the uniform dispersion of HAP in the SF matrix and efficient combination between the HAP and the matrix, which may provide a potential application in the composite scaffold preparation for tissue engineering. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of interferons in the treatment of osteosarcoma
Authors: Whelan Jeremy , Patterson Daniel , Perisoglou Martha , Bielack Stefan , Marina Neyssa , Smeland Sigbjorn , Bernstein Mark 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInterferons, a group of cytokines with antiangiogenic, direct antitumour and immunostimulating properties, have shown significant activity against osteosarcoma in vitro and in xenograft models. They have also been used in osteosarcoma clinical trials as a single adjuvant to surgery, with an apparent increase in relapse‐free survival. In the ongoing EURAMOS 1 clinical trial, interferon α‐2b is evaluated as an adjuvant treatment in osteosarcoma. This article reviews the rationale for the use of interferon in cancer with special reference to the treatment of osteosarcoma, including all published data of clinical efficacy in this disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:350–354. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐dimensional J‐resolved NMR spectroscopy: review of a key methodology in the metabolomics toolbox
Authors: Ludwig Christian , Viant Mark R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D) 1H NMR spectroscopy remains a leading analytical technology in metabolomics. Advantages of this approach include relatively rapid spectral acquisition and NMR resonances that provide a direct measure of metabolite concentration based upon a single internal standard. Severe spectral congestion can, however, significantly hinder both metabolite identification and quantification. Two‐dimensional 1H J‐resolved (JRES) NMR spectroscopy retains many of the benefits of 1D NMR, but additionally disperses the overlapping resonances into a second dimension, reducing congestion and increasing metabolite specificity. The usefulness of this approach to metabolomics was first realised six years ago, and since then it has been used in biological, medical and environmental studies of plants and animals. Here we provide a basic introduction to the 2D JRES NMR experiment and then discuss strategies for spectral acquisition and processing in the context of metabolomics applications, concluding with some key recommendations: acquisition using a double spin‐echo sequence with excitation sculpting; processing using the SEM window function, tilting and symmetricising, optionally followed by a skyline projection. Strategies for implementing JRES spectroscopy into the metabolomics toolbox are then considered, including its roles in metabolic fingerprinting, metabolite identification and metabolite quantification. Public resources and data standards for JRES metabolomics are reviewed. We conclude by evaluating the advantages (e.g. increased spectral dispersion and confidence in metabolite identification; fully automated processing; reduced batch‐to‐batch variation) and disadvantages (e.g. longer acquisition times; higher technical variability; phase‐twisted lineshapes resulting in quantification errors) of 2D JRES NMR vs the established 1D approach for metabolomics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of new cationic amphiphilic polymers in hydro‐alcoholic media
Authors: Bezzaoucha Fatiha , Lochon Pierre , Jonquières Anne , Aïnad‐Tabet Driss , Brembilla Alain , Fischer Arnaud 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Following our recent synthesis and characterization of three new families of cationic amphiphilic polymers with great structural variability, this paper reports their physical chemical properties in aqueous media in relation to their chemical structure. These amphiphilic polymers are comb poly(meth)acrylamides laterally substituted by groups containing a quaternary ammonium site and hydrophobic n‐alkyl side chains with variable lengths.RESULTS: Viscometry first showed that these polymers display typical polysoap behaviour in hydro‐alcoholic mixtures. Fluorescence spectrometry was then used to characterize the corresponding intramolecular association with two complementary fluorescent probes. In addition to confirming macromolecular folding, pyrene provided information about the probe local environment polarity whereas a molecular rotor gave interesting complementary information about the compactness of the corresponding nano‐domains.CONCLUSION: It was shown that increasing the length of the n‐alkyl side chain induced much better polysoap properties whereas increasing the size of the spacer between the two polar amide and ammonium groups and the presence of a methyl side group had the greatest impact on the nano‐domain characteristics. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The moderating role of borderline personality in the relationships between deliberate self‐harm and emotion‐related factors
Authors: Gratz Kim L. , Breetz Alisa , Tull Matthew T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study examined the associations between deliberate self‐harm (DSH) and key emotion‐related factors thought to underlie this behaviour (i.e. emotional dysregulation, avoidance and inexpressivity) among a non‐clinical sample of individuals with clinically‐relevant levels of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms (high BPD) and those without significant BPD pathology (low BPD), and explored the moderating role of BPD status in these associations. Participants were 392 undergraduates who completed questionnaires assessing DSH, BPD symptoms, emotion dysregulation, experiential avoidance and emotional inexpressivity. Consistent with theories emphasizing the centrality of emotion dysregulation to DSH, overall emotion dysregulation and the particular dimension related to perceived difficulties modulating emotional arousal were associated with DSH status among both the high‐BPD and low‐BPD groups. However, other correlates of DSH differed as a function of BPD status, with emotional inexpressivity associated with DSH among the high‐BPD group and non‐judging of inner experience (negatively) associated with DSH among the low‐BPD group. Experiential avoidance was associated with DSH frequency among self‐harming individuals in the low‐BPD group. The results provide support for the role of emotion‐related factors (in particular, emotion dysregulation) in DSH among both high‐BPD and low‐BPD individuals, and highlight the need to control for BPD pathology when examining the correlates of DSH within non‐clinical samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of chain stiffness on the morphology of diblock copolymer melts
Authors: Tsige Mesfin , Leuty Gary , Bedard Joe 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe authors have studied the microphase separation of symmetric diblock copolymers with variable block stiffness and different block chain lengths using coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results show that for symmetric diblock copolymers, a combination of chain length and relative stiffness between the blocks may play the major role in determining the equilibrium morphology of the system. When the variation in stiffness between blocks is small, the equilibrium morphology of the diblock system is found to be lamellar; this is also the case for systems with small chain lengths, regardless of the difference in block stiffness. However, in systems with longer chains with modest variation in stiffness between the blocks, an ordered cylindrical phase is formed in which the stiffer blocks form cylinders completely surrounded by the flexible components. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2556–2565, 2009
Temperature‐rise fractionation of poly(3‐alkyl thiophenes)
Authors: Lefevre Scott W. , Choi Heungyeal , Chang Taihyun , Ryu Chang Y. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this article, we have investigated a temperature‐rise fractionation procedure for poly(3‐hexyl thophene) (P3HT) and poly(3‐octyl thophene) (P3OT) that provides well‐defined molecular weight (MW) fractions with improved molecular weight distributions (MWD) when compared with Soxhlet extraction. This process involves dispersing the material over C18‐boned silica stationary phase in a jacketed column and using incremental rises in column temperature (Tcol) to gradually improve solvent quality and selectively dissolve higher molecular weight samples with a narrow polydispersity (PDI). Fractionation of P3HT with ΔTcol = 5 °C in methylene chloride (MC) yielded 7 fractions ranging from Mp of 20 to 53 kg/mol with an average PDI of 1.80 compared with a mother sample of 3.10. Predominant recovery of P3HT was acquired for fractions with Tcol > 20 °C (30 wt %). Subsequent separation of P3OT in methylene chloride, with a reduced ΔTcol of 3 °C per fraction, due to increased solubility from the longer alkyl chain, generated 8 fractions with a weight range of Mn = 22 to 57 kg/mol with an mean PDI of 1.23 with the mother sample having PDI = 2.34, demonstrating the tunability of this method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2547–2555, 2009
The stiffening of ultrathin polymer films in the rubbery regime: The relative contributions of membrane stress and surface tension
Authors: O'Connell Paul A. , McKenna Gregory B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have previously reported on a new nanobubble inflation technique we have developed to measure the absolute creep compliance of polymer films at thicknesses down to ∼10 nm (1–5). One of the more surprising results to come out of these studies was the observation that as the film thickness decreased the rubbery plateau compliance was seen to decrease dramatically. At the thinnest film thickness (∼10 nm) the compliance decreased (or conversely the stiffness increased) by some 3 orders of magnitude from the bulk value. It is known that, at the nanometer scale, surface tension effects can become significant. We examine here the contribution of surface tension to the observed stiffening and show that, while the contribution is important, it does not account for the degree of stiffening observed. This suggests that molecular or confinement induced stiffening is the major factor. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2441–2448, 2009
Mobility of single DNA chain under electric field during its transient contact with solid surfaces
Authors: Jing Benxin , Yang Qingbo , Zhu Yingxi , Zhao Jiang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe motion of DNA chain under electric field when it is in transient contact with the solid surfaces in aqueous solution was studied by single molecule fluorescence microscopy at the total internal reflection geometry (TIRFM). In situ observation discovered that single λ‐DNA chains driven by electric field made transient contact with the solid surface and made hitting–sliding–leaving‐like motion along the surface. By varying the surface chemistry, from the negative‐charged silanol group‐rich surface to positive‐charged amino group‐rich surface, as well as hydrophobic surfaces, the dependence of DNA mobility on the surface–DNA interaction was studied. The results show that a dependence of the mobility of DNA on the surface polarity with respect to DNA itself. The study on different surfaces rich of silanol, amide, amino, and methyl groups show a sequence of DNA mobility of silanol > amide > amino. The mobility of DNA on methyl terminated surface was found to be similar to that on amino surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2541–2546, 2009
Effect of fluorosurfactant on capillary instabilities in nanoimprinted polymer patterns
Authors: Alvine Kyle J. , Ding Yifu , Douglas Jack F. , Wook Ro Hyun , Okerberg Brian C. , Karim Alamgir , Lavery Kristopher A. , Lin‐Gibson Sheng , Soles Christopher L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSurface forces play a paramount role in most aspects of Nanoimprint Lithography. In particular, subjecting nanoimprinted patterns to moderate heating allows surface tension to smooth out undesirable roughness and defects in the patterns, but this “thermal reflow” treatment can induce structural decay or even collapse of the patterns by capillary instability if this process is not carefully controlled. Adhesion between the mold and polymer film can also cause the imprinted structure to tear or fracture. Fluorinated surfactants (FS) are attractive for reducing mold adhesion, yet the effects of these additives on nanostructure stability during thermal reflow are not well understood. Here we present thermal stability studies of line‐space grating patterns created by Thermal Embossing Nanoimprint Lithography (TENIL) on model polystyrene (PS) films with FS additives. As expected by energy considerations, FS segregates to the air interface, where it seems to facilitate mold release. This also reduces the surface energy and thus reduces the driving force for pattern “slumping” (height decay). However, the beneficial effects of the surfactant are counterbalanced by the fact that the FS decreases the effective film viscosity, which accelerates nanopattern leveling. The net effect is that the pattern height decay is strongly a function of FS concentration. This enhanced film fluidity in the presence of FS also makes the pattern more susceptible to an undulatory capillary instability under thermal reflow conditions. Surface phase segregation of FS and PS is also observed in conjunction with both slumping and lateral capillary instabilities, which may be useful for producing chemically patterned surfaces. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2591–2600, 2009
Antagonistic interaction between bicalutamide™ (Casodex®) and radiation in androgen‐positive prostate cancer LNCaP cells
Authors: Quéro Laurent , Giocanti Nicole , Hennequin Christophe , Favaudon Vincent 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDBicalutamide™ (Casodex®) reportedly improves high‐risk prostate cancer survival as an adjuvant treatment following radiotherapy. However, biological data for the interaction between bicalutamide and ionizing radiation in concomitant association are lacking.METHODSTo explore this issue, androgen‐dependent (LNCaP) and ‐independent (DU145) human prostate cancer cells were exposed for 48 hr to 20, 40, or 80 µM bicalutamide introduced before (neoadjuvant), during (concomitant), or following (adjuvant) radiation. Growth inhibition and cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and expression of the prostate serum antigen (PSA) and androgen receptor (AR), were measured as endpoints.RESULTSBicalutamide‐induced cytotoxic and cytostatic effects were found to be correlated with a marked G1 phase arrest and S phase depression. The drug down‐regulated PSA and AR proteins and psa mRNA in LNCaP cells. However, transient up‐regulation of the expression of ar mRNA was observed in the presence of 40 µM drug. DU145 cells did not express PSA and proved to be comparatively resistant to the drug from both cytostatic and cytotoxic effects. Bicalutamide dose‐dependently induced a significant decrease of radiation susceptibility among drug survivors in LNCaP cells, whilst the interaction appeared to be additive in DU145 cells.CONCLUSIONSThe antagonistic radiation–drug interaction observed in LNCaP cells is of significance in relation to combined radiotherapy–bicalutamide treatments directed against tumors expressing the AR. The results suggest that bicalutamide is amenable to combined schedule with radiotherapy provided the drug and radiation are not given in close temporal proximity. Prostate 70: 401–411, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticide resistance in houseflies (Diptera: Muscidae) collected from Florida dairies
Authors: Kaufman Phillip E , Nunez Sonia C , Mann Rajinder S , Geden Christopher J , Scharf Michael E 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The housefly, Musca domestica L., continues to be a major pest of confined livestock operations. Houseflies have developed resistance to most chemical classes, and new chemistries for use in animal agriculture are increasingly slow to emerge. Five adult housefly strains from four Florida dairy farms were evaluated for resistance to four insecticides (beta‐cyfluthrin, permethrin, imidacloprid and nithiazine).RESULTS: Significant levels of tolerance were found in most field strains to all insecticides, and in some cases substantial resistance was apparent (as deduced from comparison with prior published results). At the LC90 level, greater than 20‐fold resistance was found in two of the fly strains for permethrin and one fly strain for imidacloprid. Beta‐cyfluthrin LC90 resistance ratios exceeded tenfold resistance in three fly strains. The relatively underutilized insecticide nithiazine had the lowest resistance ratios; however, fourfold LC90 resistance was observed in one southern Florida fly strain. Farm insecticide use and its impact on resistance selection in Florida housefly populations are discussed.CONCLUSION: Housefly resistance to pyrethroids is widespread in Florida. Imidacloprid resistance is emerging, and tolerance was observed to both imidacloprid and nithiazine. If these insecticides are to retain efficacy, producer use must be restrained. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential of piperonyl butoxide‐synergised pyrethrins against psocids (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) for stored‐grain protection
Authors: Nayak Manoj K 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Piperonyl butoxide (PB)‐synergised natural pyrethrins (pyrethrin:PB ratio 1:4) were evaluated both as a grain protectant and a disinfestant against four Liposcelidid psocids: Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, L. entomophila (Enderlein), L. decolor (Pearman) and L. paeta Pearman. These are key storage pests in Australia that are difficult to control with the registered grain protectants and are increasingly being reported as pests of stored products in other countries. Firstly, mortality and reproduction of adults were determined in wheat freshly treated at 0.0, 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg kg−1 of pyrethrins + PB (1:4) at 30 ± 1 °C and 70 ± 2% RH. Next, wheat treated at 0.0, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg kg−1 of pyrethrins + PB (1:4) was stored at 30 ± 1 °C and 70 ± 2% RH and mortality and reproduction of psocids were assessed after 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 months of storage. Finally, the potential of synergised pyrethrins as a disinfestant was assessed by establishing time to endpoint mortality for adult psocids exposed to wheat treated at 3 and 6 mg kg−1 of synergised pyrethrins after 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h of exposure.RESULTS: Synergised pyrethrins at 6 mg kg−1 provided 3 months of protection against all four Liposcelis spp., and at this rate complete adult mortality of these psocids can be achieved within 6 h of exposure.CONCLUSION: Piperonyl butoxide‐synergised pyrethrins have excellent potential both as a grain protectant and as a disinfestant against Liposcelidid psocids. Copyright © State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Drift mobility of photocarriers on Zn‐ and O‐polar surfaces of ZnO
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Komiyama Takao , Chonan Yasunori , Ishidsuka Yousuke , Ito Ryouta , Aoyama Takashi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPhotocurrent transients were measured at the two polar surfaces of ZnO single crystals with an experimental arrangement of the TOF technique. The slopes of initial decays of photocurrent became steeper with the applied voltages. The change in transit time must be responsible for the change in the shape of photocurrent transient. Absolute values of mobility are estimated for photocarriers generated at the Zn‐surface and the O‐surface. Large slow photocurrent was observed for carriers generated at the O‐surface. It is plausible that there exist trap levels with high density at the O‐surface. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)