bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Unactivated Aliphatic C‐X Bonds
Authors: LUH T.‐Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthesis: Applications to Combinatorial Libraries
Authors: CHOONG I. C. , ELLMAN J. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Methods and Catalysts for Reactions of Poly‐ and Bicyclic Cage Compounds
Authors: KULAZHANOV K. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of sp3‐Geminated Organodimetallics
Authors: MAREK I. , NORMANT J.‐F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparisons of Indefinite Self‐Association Models
Authors: MARTIN R. B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ceramic Ion Conducting Membranes
Authors: STEELE B. C. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Time‐Resolved Photoacoustic Calorimetry of Peptides and Proteins Containing a Single Tryptophan
Authors: BRANCALEON L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
White‐light‐emitting CdSe quantum dots with “magic size” via one‐pot synthesis approach
Authors: Liu Xinmei , Jiang Yang , Wang Chun , Li Shanying , Lan Xinzheng , Chen Yan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo stable magic‐sized CdSe families were simply and reproducibly synthesized at different growth temperature via a one‐pot approach, in which N‐oleoylmorpholine was used as reaction medium, and cadmium acetate dehydrate and Se powder as precursors. The pure 392 family obtained by surface passivation with either lauric acid or stearic acid at 150 °C exhibits strong white‐light emission with a maximum quantum yield (QY) up to 27%. The broadband emission (370–680 nm), which is responsible for the white‐light, is attributed to photoluminescence from both excitons and surface states. High‐quality white‐light emission can be stable for a long growth period (about 120 min) and at least a 2‐month storage period. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images verify the presence of the small size distribution and good crystallinity of the quantum dots (QDs) with a size range of 1.7–2.0 nm. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) confirm that the magic‐sized CdSe QDs have a zincblende crystal structure. The energy‐dispersed spectrometry (EDS) measurement indicates the as‐prepared CdSe QDs have a cadmium‐rich surface.magnified image
The as‐prepared CdSe QDs exhibit sharp and fixed absorption features and the white‐light emitting from QDs can be retained for quite long reaction and storage periods.
Large‐scale synthesis of ultralong single‐crystalline SiC nanowires
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Shi Qiang , Gao Linhui , Zhu Hongliang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA large number of cotton‐like ultralong β‐SiC nanowires (NWs) were successfully synthesized via a simple catalyst‐free carbothermal reduction approach using a carbonaceous silica xerogel as raw materials. The length of the NWs is in the millimeter range and the diameter of the NWs is about 130 nm. The ultralong NWs are bamboo‐like single‐crystalline β‐SiC NWs. A vapor–solid mechanism was proposed to elucidate the growth process of the NWs, and the large length and high‐yield of the SiC NWs may be ascribed to the stable release of SiO and CO gases form the carbonaceous silica xerogel. The simple method provides a promising candidate for industrial fabrication of β‐SiC NWs.
Differentiation of Lard From Other Edible Fats and Oils by Means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Authors: Che Man Yaakob B. , Rohman A. , Mansor T. S. T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra at mid infrared regions (4,000–650 cm−1) of lard and 16 edible fats and oils were compared and differentiated. The chemometrics of principal component analysis and cluster analysis (CA) was used for such differentiation using FTIR spectra intensities of evaluated fats and oils. With PCA, an “eigenvalue” of about 90% was achieved using four principal components (PCs) of variables (FTIR spectra absorbances at the selected frequency regions). PC1 accounted for 44.1% of the variation, while PC2 described 30.2% of the variation. The main frequency regions that influence the separation of lard from other evaluated fats and oils based on PC1 are 2,852.8 followed by 2,922 and 1,464.7 cm−1. Furthermore, CA can classify lard into its group based on Euclidean distance.
The legal status of in vitro embryos
Authors: Dickens Bernard M. , Cook Rebecca J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractJudicial approaches to stored (cryopreserved) human embryos, in western jurisprudence, tend not to reflect approaches within systems of moral ordering or particular religious traditions, which differ among themselves. The emerging judicial approach is pragmatic, protecting individuals’ rights of control and their interests in parenthood. Embryos are approached instrumentally, not by reference to any inherent characteristics that may be attributed to them outside the law. Political legislatures may adopt religious approaches, such as by prohibiting embryo preservation and limiting how many may be created in an IVF treatment cycle. Legislatures may alternatively set time limits on embryo preservation, however, on expiry of which they must be left to natural degeneration. In treating human embryos as property, courts recognize owners’ powers of voluntary disposition, for instance by gift, but have held back from making financial assessments of their value, for instance on loss, consistently with legislation prohibiting their exchange for payment.
Genomic instability and copy‐number heterogeneity of chromosome 19q, including the kallikrein locus, in ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Bayani Jane , Marrano Paula , Graham Cassandra , Zheng Yingye , Li Lin , Katsaros Dionyssios , Lassus Heini , Butzow Ralf , Squire Jeremy A. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: August 2010

Many tissue kallikrein (KLK) genes and proteins are candidate diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for ovarian cancer (OCa). We previously demonstrated that the KLK locus (19q13.3/4) is subject to copy‐number gains and structural rearrangements in a pilot study of cell lines and ovarian cancer primary tissues, shown to overexpress KLK gene family members. To determine the overall frequency of genomic instability and copy‐number changes, a retrospective study was conducted using formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues. Eighty‐one chemotherapy naïve serous OCas were examined using 3‐colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify structural and numerical changes on 19q, including the KLK locus; in addition to immunohistochemistry (IHC) for KLK6, which has been shown to be overexpressed in OCa. The KLK locus was subject to copy‐number changes in ∼83% of cases: net gain in 51%, net loss in 30% and amplified in 2%; and found to be chromosomally unstable (p < 0.001). All cases showed a wide range of immuoreactivity for KLK6 by IHC. Although no strong correlation could be found with copy‐number, the latter was contributing factor to the observed KLK6 protein overexpression. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses showed an association between the net loss of the KLK locus and longer disease‐free survival. Interestingly, FISH analyses indicated that chromosome 19q was subjected to structural rearrangement in 62% of cases and was significantly correlated to tumor grade (p < 0.001). We conclude that numerical and structural aberrations of chromosome 19q, affect genes including the KLK gene members, may contribute to ovarian carcinoma progression and aggressiveness.
Preliminary small mammal taphonomy of FLK NW level 20 (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania)
Authors: Arcos Saleta , Sevilla Paloma , Fernández-Jalvo Yolanda 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Bed-I series of Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) is a reference site in human evolution, having yielded the holotypes ofParanthropus boiseiandHomo habilis, together with manufactured artefacts and abundant large and micro-fauna. Excavations in Olduvai Gorge have been recently resumed, with new aims and new results. This paper presents the results of the taphonomic analysis carried out on a fossil small-mammal assemblage recovered from FLK NW level 20, a layer overlying Tuff C, dated from 1.84 Ma. The analysis provides good evidence of a category 1 predator, most likely a barn owl, as the predator of the bone assemblage. Trampling and sediment compression might influence postdepositional breakage of the bones. This study is especially relevant since previous taphonomic analyses carried out at levels above and below this sample led to inconclusive results due to a low number of fossils (Fernández-Jalvo et al., 1998). The new sample provides new information to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental context in which early hominins inhabited.
Gray identities, canonical connection and integrability
Authors: Di Scala Antonio J. , Vezzoni Luigi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe characterize quasi-Kähler manifolds whose curvature tensor associated to the canonical Hermitian connection satisfies the first Bianchi identity. This condition is related to the third Gray identity and in the almost-Kähler case implies the integrability. Our main tool is the existence of generalized holomorphic frames previously introduced by the second author. By using such frames we also give a simpler and shorter proof of a theorem of Goldberg. Furthermore, we study almost-Hermitian structures having the curvature tensor associated to the canonical Hermitian connection equal to zero. We show some explicit examples of quasi-Kähler structures on the Iwasawa manifold having the Hermitian curvature vanishing and the Riemann curvature tensor satisfying the second Gray identity.
Pollen-mediated transgene flow in maize grown in the Huang-huai-hai region in China
Authors: ZHANG K. , LI Y. , LIAN L. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIn order to study pollen-mediated gene flow in transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) in the Huang-huai-hai region of China, field trials were conducted in Jinan, Shandong Province in 2006 and 2007. The frequencies of gene flow from the donor plots, planted with transgenic maize as a pollen source, to the receptor plots, planted with non-transgenic maize, under different temporal or spatial separations were evaluated. The results showed that the frequency of pollen-mediated gene flow of the als gene from transgenic maize to non-transgenic maize decreased significantly with increasing distance. No gene flow was detected at 300 m. At a distance of 30 m, delaying the planting date of the transgenic maize by 1 week decreased the frequency of gene flow by 70%. A delay of 2 weeks decreased the gene flow frequency by more than 90%, while no gene flow was seen when the sowing date was delayed by 3 weeks. The results suggest that an appropriate isolation distance of 300 m or a temporal separation of 3 weeks could prevent gene flow from transgenic maize to non-transgenic maize in the Huang-huai-hai region.
Seasonality in the Cross Section of Stock Returns: The International Evidence
Authors: Heston Steven L. , Sadka Ronnie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper studies seasonal predictability in the cross section of international stock returns. Stocks that outperform the domestic market in a particular month continue to outperform the domestic market in that same calendar month for up to 5 years. The pattern appears in Canada, Japan, and 12 European countries. Global trading strategies based on seasonal predictability outperform similar nonseasonal strategies by over 1% per month. Abnormal seasonal returns remain after controlling for size, beta, and value, using global or local risk factors. In addition, the strategies are not highly correlated across countries. This suggests they do not reflect return premiums for systematic global risk.
What Drove the Increase in Idiosyncratic Volatility during the Internet Boom?
Authors: Fink Jason , Fink Kristin E. , Grullon Gustavo , Weston James P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAggregate idiosyncratic volatility spiked nearly fivefold during the Internet boom of the late 1990s, dwarfing in magnitude a moderately increasing trend. While some researchers argue that this rise in idiosyncratic risk was the result of changes in the characteristics of public firms, others argue that it was driven by the changing sentiment of irrational traders. We present evidence that the marketwide decline in maturity of the typical public firm can explain most of the increase in firm-specific risk during the Internet boom. Controlling for firm maturity, we find no evidence that investor sentiment drives idiosyncratic risk throughout the Internet boom.
Variation in the helminth community structure of three sympatric sigmodontine rodents from the coastal Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Simões R.O. , Souza J.G.R. , Maldonado A. , Luque J.L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOne hundred and eighty specimens of sigmodontine rodents living in sympatric conditions were collected in the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (25Akodon cursor, 98Akodon montensisand 57Oligoryzomys nigripes) to examine whether the helminth structure and component communities can be characterized among these three closely related rodents. The parasite species richness was 9 inA. cursor, 12 inA. montensisand 12 inO. nigripes. Five species were common to the three rodent species, and eight were common toA. cursorandA. montensis. The trichostrongylids –Stilestrongylus etainA. cursor,S. aculeatainA. montensisandS. lanfrediaeinO. nigripes– were the species with highest dominance frequency and determined the characterization of individual community structures. The prevalence and abundance of concurrent helminth species among rodents were significantly different. Canonical multivariate analysis demonstrated a similar helminth community structure betweenA. cursorandA. montensisbut a high discrepancy betweenAkodonspp.and O. nigripes. Thus, the data indicated that small rodents such asA. cursor,A. montenisandO. nigripesthat are sympatric and phylogenetically related have a different community structure, but similar component community, suggesting the role of helminth specificity and the hosts' habitats as determinants in structuring their helminth communities.
The Changing Role of the Popular Religion ofNuo(傩) in Modern Chinese Politics
Authors: LI LAN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSince the early 1980s, China's rapid economic growth and profound social transformation have greatly changed the role of popular religion in modern Chinese politics. In the case ofnuo, these changes have been directly responsible for the incorporation of this popular religion into the implementation of Party-state's policy on ethnic minority and the provision of evidence to support the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party's regime. Through manipulation and reinterpretation by local governments, the popular religion ofnuohas not only become the target of local socio-economic development, a common phenomenon in contemporary China, but has also played a key role in ethnic identification, which is an important step for a post-Mao's CCP to maintain political stability in ethnic minority areas. In addition,nuohas through the research of Marxism-influenced schools fundamentally altered its position from an officially unrecognized religion opposed to both socialist political order and atheist ideology to a politically favoured ‘living fossil’1of primitive culture. This proves the Marxist evolutionary theory in which socialism and communism are thought to be inescapable consequences of social development. The positive role played bynuoin modern Chinese politics has brought the popular religion much open support and endorsement from party-state officials at all levels, including top-ranking officials within the Central Committee of the CCP. Like any popular religion,nuohas over the centuries undergone significant changes, but never before has it experienced such dramatic changes in its relationship with an anti-religious and pragmatic central government, something which has significantly altered the course of its development.
Kinematic calibration of the 3-DOF parallel module of a 5-axis hybrid milling machine
Authors: Wang Li-Ping , Xie Fu-Gui , Liu Xin-Jun , Wang Jinsong 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the kinematic calibration of a 3-DOF parallel mechanism based on the minimal linear combinations of error parameters. The error mapping function between the geometric errors and the output errors is formulated and the identification matrix is generated and simplified. In order to identify the combinations of error parameters, four theorems to analyze the columns of the simplified identification matrix are introduced. Then, an anti-disturbance index is presented to evaluate the identification performance. On the basis of this index, measurement strategy is developed and optimal measuring configurations are given. After external calibration, linear interpolation compensation is applied to improve the terminal accuracy further. Results of experiment show that the method used in this paper is effective and efficient, and the errors are convergent within two iterations generally. This method can be extended to other parallel mechanisms with weakly nonlinear kinematics.
Fault detection and isolation in cooperative mobile robots using multilayer architecture and dynamic observers
Authors: Carrasco R. A. , Núñez F. , Cipriano A. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYMobile robot systems are being used more often in tasks that protect human operators from dangerous environments, but these benefits can be easily lost if the robots spend much of their time being repaired. This implies that any increment in their reliability will also improve their benefits. One way to achieve this is by adding redundant elements to the robot, but this adds complexity and cost to the design. On the other hand, cooperative mobile robots formed by members with the same basic structure provide a natural redundancy of elements, which may be used for reliability improvement. This work presents an architecture that takes advantage of the analytical and sensor redundancy present in groups of cooperative mobile robots in order to increase the reliability of the whole system. First, the design of the architecture is portrayed and the faults to be detected are described. The different layers of the system are then explained and analyzed using several simulations to test their capabilities and limitations. Finally, the experimental results on a group of small mobile robots are shown, validating the results delivered by simulations. These results show that the proposed architecture is able to detect and isolate correctly most of the faults tested.
Land-use changes as a critical factor for long-term wild rabbit conservation in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: DELIBES-MATEOS MIGUEL , FARFÁN MIGUEL ÁNGEL , OLIVERO JESÚS , VARGAS JUAN MARIO 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYEuropean rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), a multifunctional keystone species in the Iberian Peninsula, have drastically declined over past decades. Rabbit decline has been frequently attributed to the arrival of two viral diseases. However, decline was apparently ongoing before the arrival of the diseases, as a consequence of habitat loss and fragmentation. In this paper, the effect on rabbit populations of land-use changes during recent decades in Andalusia (southern Spain) is analysed. Areas favourable for rabbits both at present and during the 1960s are identified, and the environmental and land-use factors that determine these areas established. In areas where the favourability for rabbits has changed during recent decades, main land use changes are assessed to identify possible factors explaining rabbit favourability in these areas. Areas favourable to rabbits are currently determined by factors similar to those during the 1960s; these areas have undergone geographic changes in recent decades, apparently as a consequence of land-use changes in Andalusia. The percentages of the variables that were positively associated with rabbit favourability in both models (current and 1960s) have declined in Andalusia as a whole, and in areas where rabbit favourability has decreased; hence environments suitable for rabbits have become impoverished. Conversely, in both models, environments suitable for rabbits increased in municipalities, where rabbit favourability also increased. The preservation of rabbit-friendly habitats should be a priority for the conservation of this key species in the western Mediterranean.
The conceptual evolution and practice of community-based natural resource management in southern Africa: past, present and future
Authors: CHILD BRIAN , BARNES GRENVILLE 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThis paper reviews the concept and practice of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) as it has evolved in southern Africa, with a particular focus on Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Zambia. It recognizes that, like democracy, CBNRM is both an imperfect process and a conceptual goal. The governance of economic processes, property rights and local political organization lie at the heart of CBNRM. The first challenge is to replace fiscal centralization, fees and bureaucracy (and the subsidization of alternative land uses) that have historically undervalued wild resources, so that CBNRM's comparative economic advantage is reflected in landholder and community incentives. Second, devolving property rights to communities shifts resource governance, responsibility and benefit appropriately to the local level. This necessitates accountable, transparent and equitable micro-governance, which in turn is linked to effective meso-level support and monitoring and cross-scale linkages between central government and local communities. This paper outlines the evolution of current models of CBNRM in the region and suggests core strategies for the next generation of CBNRM.