bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Societal interaction plans—A tool for enhancing societal engagement of strategic research in Finland
Authors: Pulkkinen Kirsi , Aarrevaara Timo , Rask Mikko , Mattila Markku 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the practices and capacities that define successful societal interaction of research groups with stakeholders in mutually beneficial processes. We studied the Finnish Strategic Research Council’s (SRC) first funded projects through a dynamic governance lens. The aim of the paper is to explore how the societal interaction was designed and commenced at the onset of the projects in order to understand the logic through which the consortia expected broad impacts to occur. The Finnish SRC introduced a societal interaction plan (SIP) approach, which requires research consortia to consider societal interaction alongside research activities in a way that exceeds conventional research plans. Hence, the first SRC projects’ SIPs and the implemented activities and working logics discussed in the interviews provide a window into exploring how active societal interaction reflects the call for dynamic, sustainable practices and new capabilities to better link research to societal development. We found that the capacities of dynamic governance were implemented by integrating societal interaction into research, in particular through a ‘drizzling’ approach. In these emerging practices SIP designs function as platforms for the formation of communities of experts, rather than traditional project management models or mere communication tools. The research groups utilized the benefits of pooling academic knowledge and skills with other types of expertise for mutual gain. They embraced the limits of expertise and reached out to societal partners to truly broker knowledge, and exchange and develop capacities and perspectives to solve grand societal challenges.
Comparative functional characterization and in vitro immunological cross-reactivity studies on Daboia russelii and Craspedocephalus malabaricus venom
Authors: Rajan Karthika , Alangode Aswathy , Menon Jaideep C , Raveendran Dileepkumar , Nair Sudarslal Sadasivan , Reick Margaret , Nair Bipin Gopalakrishnan , Reick Martin , Vanuopadath Muralidharan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Snake venom is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic constituents, including proteins and peptides. Several studies showed that antivenom efficacy differs due to intra- and inter-species venom variation.

Methods
In the current study, comparative functional characterization of major enzymatic proteins present in Craspedocephalus malabaricus and Daboia russelii venom was investigated through various in vitro and immunological cross-reactivity assays.

Results
The enzymatic assays revealed that hyaluronidase and phospholipase A2 activities were markedly higher in D. russelii. By contrast, fibrinogenolytic, fibrin clotting and L-amino acid oxidase activities were higher in C. malabaricus venom. ELISA results suggested that all the antivenoms had lower binding potential towards C. malabaricus venom. For D. russelii venom, the endpoint titration value was observed at 1:72 900 for all the antivenoms. In the case of C. malabaricus venom, the endpoint titration value was 1:2700, except for Biological E (1:8100). All these results, along with the avidity assays, indicate the strength of venom–antivenom interactions. Similarly, the western blot results suggest that all the antivenoms showed varied efficacies in binding and detecting the venom antigenic epitopes in both species.

Conclusions
The results highlight the need for species-specific antivenom to better manage snakebite victims.
Synthesizing Subject-matter Expertise for Variable Selection in Causal Effect Estimation: A Case Study
Authors: Debertin Julia , Jurado Vélez Javier A. , Corlin Laura , Hidalgo Bertha , Murray Eleanor J. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Causal graphs are an important tool for covariate selection but there is limited applied research on how best to create them. Here, we used data from the Coronary Drug Project trial to assess a range of approaches to directed acyclic graph (DAG) creation. We focused on the effect of adherence on mortality in the placebo arm, since the true causal effect is believed with a high degree of certainty.

Methods:
We created DAGs for the effect of placebo adherence on mortality using different approaches for identifying variables and links to include or exclude. For each DAG, we identified minimal adjustment sets of covariates for estimating our causal effect of interest and applied these to analyses of the Coronary Drug Project data.

Results:
When we used only baseline covariate values to estimate the cumulative effect of placebo adherence on mortality, all adjustment sets performed similarly. The specific choice of covariates had minimal effect on these (biased) point estimates, but including nonconfounding prognostic factors resulted in smaller variance estimates. When we additionally adjusted for time-varying covariates of adherence using inverse probability weighting, covariates identified from the DAG created by focusing on prognostic factors performed best.

Conclusion:
Theoretical advice on covariate selection suggests that including prognostic factors that are not exposure predictors can reduce variance without increasing bias. In contrast, for exposure predictors that are not prognostic factors, inclusion may result in less bias control. Our results empirically confirm this advice. We recommend that hand-creating DAGs begin with the identification of all potential outcome prognostic factors.
Correlation Between Tacrolimus Levels in Blood Samples Obtained From Central Catheter and Peripheral Venipuncture in Lung Transplant Patients (Ven-Cat Study)
Authors: Diego-Fernández Verónica , García-Saiz María del Mar , Llorente-Cantalapiedra Ana , Arquero-González José Antonio , Bermúdez-García María Victoria , Catalán-Ramírez María Montserrat , Cornejo-Callejo Patricia , Nuria de Pedro-Simón María , Díez-Pérez María Jesús , Gandarillas-Ruiz Paula , Hernández-González Francisco , Herranz-Arenillas Patricia , Laso-Boada María Jesús , Medina-Gonzalo Gema , Rodríguez-López Adrián , Ruiz-Antolín Miriam , Álamo-Ibañez Marta , Cos-Cossio María de los Ángeles , Lavín-Alconero Lucía , Mora-Cuesta Víctor M. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Following lung transplantation (LT), receiving immunosuppressive therapy is crucial. Tacrolimus is considered a drug with a narrow therapeutic range and its use requires constant monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between tacrolimus levels obtained from central venous catheter and direct venipuncture in adult patients undergoing LT.

Methods:
This prospective study included LT patients hospitalized in conventional ward carrying a central catheter through which no intravenous tacrolimus was administered. Trough samples were obtained through direct puncture and from the central catheter. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to quantify the mean difference between the 2 measures.

Results:
A total of 54 sample pairs from 16 LT patients were obtained, mostly male (81.3%) and bilateral transplant recipients (93.8%); the transplant procedure was the primary reason for admission (81.3%). The difference in tacrolimus levels between both samples was 0.3 (0.1–0.6) mcg/L, with the measurement for the samples obtained through venipuncture being mostly higher than that for those obtained from the catheter. A strong correlation was observed between the tacrolimus levels in the samples obtained from the catheter and through venipuncture (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.991; P < 0.001; R2 = 0.982).

Conclusions:
There is an excellent correlation between tacrolimus levels obtained from venipuncture and those obtained from central venous catheter in LT patients undergoing oral tacrolimus therapy.
Multiple Buttress Reconstruction for Extended Total Maxillectomy by Mixed Use of Vascularized and Nonvascularized Fibula
Authors: Tsuge Itaru , Yamanaka Hiroki , Katsube Motoki , Sakamoto Michiharu , Morimoto Naoki 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Reconstruction of extended total maxillectomy is challenging. This study aimed to isolate the skull base from the nasal cavity to avoid intracranial infection, cerebrospinal fluid fistula, and palate closure to maintain feeding and conversation. However, facial appearance and symmetry are important for quality of life. We report primary multiple buttress reconstruction using a removed nonvascularized fibula that reduced the risk of infection and exposure. A 74-year-old woman experienced a local recurrence of right maxillary sinus cancer after subtotal maxillectomy and postoperative radiotherapy (60 Gy). We performed extended total maxillectomy, including the right eyeball, orbit, temporal bone, palate, and zygomatic arch. Primary reconstruction was performed using fibular and anterolateral thigh free flaps. The proximal fibula bone was resected to obtain the length of the peroneal vessels, and the distal 9 cm of the fibula was made into two pieces while keeping the peroneal vessels attached. The nonvascularized 5-cm fibula was split sagittally with an L-shaped section to maintain the strength of the fragments. An anterolateral thigh flap was elevated from the ipsilateral thigh attached to the partial vastus lateralis muscle, which was divided into proximal (to the cheek skin and prosthetic eye bed) and distal (to the nasal cavity and palate) skin islands. Two nonvascularized bone fragments were fixed at the lateral and infraorbital rims. The dead space around the built-up pillar made of transferred bone was filled with vastus lateralis muscle to prevent infection and depression. This approach allowed for one-stage multiple buttress reconstruction for extended total maxillectomy.
Reconstruction of Soft Tissues of the Postamputation Lower Leg Stump with a Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap for Optimal Prosthesis
Authors: Szychta Pawel , Stępniewski Sławomir , Witmanowski Henryk 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Patients without proper covering of the bone stump with soft tissues after below-knee amputation have limited opportunities for prosthesis. The resulting high degree of disability severely restricts their proper functioning in social and professional life. The commonly used significant reduction of the bone length for local coverage limits rehabilitative options to the less comprehensive prosthesis. We aimed to describe a delayed reconstruction with soft tissues of the lower leg stump using free anterolateral thigh flap as an alternative surgical method allowing for optimal prosthesis. A 20-year-old patient was consulted because of right lower leg stump, covered only with a skin graft following posttraumatic amputation. Previously, the patient had ineffective attempts of using a prosthesis. He asked to determine the possibility of recovering the functionality of the lower limb. We performed reconstruction of soft tissues of the stump with a free anterolateral thigh flap. Postoperatively, the patient achieved good coverage of the remaining part of the tibia with a thick layer of soft tissues, allowing the subsequent adequate forming of the stump. Therefore, a fixed prosthesis with the dynamic foot could be implemented. A significant increase in physical activity contributed to a full return to the patient’s professional and private life. In conclusion, the free anterolateral thigh flap provides a robust amount of good-quality tissues for supportive function of the lower limb stump. The resulting adaptation of the stump to numerous modern prosthetic devices significantly increases the range of physical activity and contributes to the full return of the patient to their professional and private life.
Association Between Family History and the Corneal Characteristics of Keratoconus in Japan
Authors: Itoi Motohiro , Itoi Motozumi 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the association between family history and corneal characteristics of keratoconus in Japan.

Methods:
The clinical records of patients with keratoconus who were interviewed regarding family history of keratoconus were retrospectively reviewed. Corneal indices derived from anterior segment optical coherence tomography were compared between the positive and negative family history groups using multiple linear regression analysis adjusted with age, sex, and history of atopy and eye rubbing.

Results:
A total of 2,701 eyes, including 122 eyes with positive family history, were enrolled. Based on the adjusted multiple linear regression analysis, no significant differences were found between groups with and without a family history except for paracentral and mid-peripheral corneal thickness. The adjusted mean differences in paracentral and mid-peripheral corneal thicknesses between the two groups were −10.33 (95% confidence interval −20.29 to −0.37 P-value <0.05) and −9.78 (95% confidence interval −16.70 to −2.85, P-value <0.01), respectively.

Conclusions:
There was no significant association between family history and corneal indices in Japanese patients with keratoconus, except for paracentral and mid-peripheral corneal thicknesses. A Japanese patient with keratoconus who had a family history showed significantly lower paracentral and mid-peripheral corneal thicknesses than those with no family history.
Stability Reliability and External Validity of Myrick THIRD Test for Hip Labral Tears
Authors: Myrick Karen M. , Feinn Richard 
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to examine whether the physical examination technique, Myrick The Hip Internal Rotation with Distraction (THIRD), is reliable and valid. The Myrick THIRD test has previously established and documented sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and internal and external validity. The goal of this original research was to demonstrate stability reliability of the Myrick THIRD test when the study is conducted in a clinical setting where the test has not previously been performed, as well as to demonstrate that the Myrick THIRD test has external validity when conducted across multiple examiners in a new setting. The importance of the study reflects current clinical practice and the lack of specific clinical assessment techniques used to determine the source of intra-articular hip pain successfully. Testing included the Myrick THIRD test, magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA), and arthroscopy. The primary outcomes included the results of the MRA, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Myrick THIRD test, and arthroscopy. The inclusion criteria were 18- to 49-year-olds presenting with hip pain. The exclusion criteria included patients younger than 18 and older than 49 years and patients who were willing to undergo MRI arthrogram. A test of paired proportions, correlation, sensitivity, and specificity was performed. The significance level was preset at .05. All 86 patients had a positive Myrick THIRD test, which was confirmed with arthroscopy. Eight of the 11 positive MRI results and 64 of the 74 positive MRA results were confirmed with arthroscopy. The Myrick THIRD test had a statistically significant higher accuracy rate than the MRA (p = .002) but not the MRI (p = .08). Myrick THIRD test showed a significantly higher accuracy rate than MRA.
The Application of Pneumatic Arm in Neuroendoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection
Authors: Hong Wen-Ming , Wang Jing-Tao , Wang Bin , Cheng Hong-Wei , Chen Dong-Hui , Zhang Fang 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
To summarize the application experience of the pneumatic arm in transnasal sphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection under neuroendoscope.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 52 patients with pituitary adenoma who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery with pneumatic arm fixation in the Neurosurgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from July 2021 to March 2024. Among them, there were 5 cases of pituitary microadenoma, 35 cases of macroadenoma, and 12 cases of giant adenoma. Head CT and a full set of hormones were re-examined within 24 hours after surgery to evaluate the surgical effect. Follow-up was conducted by the outpatient department after surgery to assess the clinical symptoms, hormone level, and imaging of all patients.

Results:
Among 52 patients, gross total resection was achieved in 48 cases (92.3%), subtotal resection in 3 cases (5.8%), and partial resection in 1 case (1.9%). Preoperatively, 43 patients had diminished vision, with 40 showing improvement postoperatively, 1 worsening, and 2 having no significant improvement. Thirty-eight patients had headaches preoperatively, and all showed varying degrees of improvement postoperatively. Routine hormone examination within 24 hours after surgery showed that all 20 prolactinoma patients had restored normal hormone levels, 10 of 12 growth hormone-secreting adenoma patients normalized, and 4 of 6 cases of adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting adenoma immediately relieved after surgery. Postoperative complications included intracranial hematoma in 1 case, cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 2 cases, transient diabetes insipidus in 6 cases, intracranial infection in 1 case, and no death cases. The median follow-up time of 52 patients was 18.6 months (range: 1–32 mo). During the follow-up period, the initial clinical symptoms of all patients improved to varying degrees, and they were able to work and live normally. At the last follow-up, 1 patient had recurrent tumor and 1 patient had progression.

Conclusion:
Transnasal sphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma using a pneumatic arm-fixed neuroendoscope allows the operator to perform the surgery with both hands, resulting in satisfactory overall tumor resection and fewer surgical complications. This technique has good clinical value for promotion.
Age-related differences in the loss and recovery of serial sarcomere number following disuse atrophy in rats
Authors: Hinks Avery , Power Geoffrey A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults exhibit a slower recovery of muscle mass following disuse atrophy than young adults. At a smaller scale, muscle fibre cross-sectional area (i.e., sarcomeres in parallel) exhibits this same pattern. Less is known, however, about age-related differences in the recovery of muscle fibre length, driven by increases in serial sarcomere number (SSN), following disuse. The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related differences in SSN adaptations and muscle mechanical function during and following muscle immobilization. We hypothesized that old rats would experience a similar magnitude of SSN loss during immobilization, however, take longer to recover SSN than young following cast removal, which would limit the recovery of muscle mechanical function.MethodsWe casted the plantar flexors of young (8 months) and old (32 months) male rats in a shortened position for 2 weeks, and assessed recovery during 4 weeks of voluntary ambulation. Following sacrifice, legs were fixed in formalin for measurement of soleus wet weight and SSN with the un-casted soleus acting as a control. Ultrasonographic measurements of pennation angle (PA) and muscle thickness (MT) were also conducted weekly.In-vivoactive and passive torque-angle relationships were constructed pre-cast, post-cast, and following 4 weeks of recovery.ResultsFrom pre- to post-cast, young and old rats experienced similar decreases in SSN (–20%,P<0.001), muscle wet weight (–25%,P<0.001), MT (–30%), PA (–15%,P<0.001), and maximum isometric torque (–40%,P<0.001), but there was a greater increase in passive torque in old (+180%,P<0.001) compared to young rats (+68%,P=0.006). Following cast removal, young exhibited quicker recovery of SSN, PA, and MT than old, but SSN recovered sooner than PA and MT in both young and old. Muscle wet weight recovered 90% and active torque fully recovered in young rats, whereas in old these remained unrecovered at 75% and 72%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study showed that old rats retain a better ability to recover longitudinal compared to parallel muscle morphology following cast removal, making SSN a highly adaptable, appealing mechanism for restoration of functional capacity following disuse in elderly populations.
Full-Permutation Dynamical Decoupling in Triple-Quantum-Dot Spin Qubits
Authors: Sun Bo , Brecht Teresa , Fong Bryan H. , Akmal Moonmoon , Blumoff Jacob Z. , Cain Tyler A. , Carter Faustin W. , Finestone Dylan H. , Fireman Micha N. , Ha Wonill , Hatke Anthony T. , Hickey Ryan M. , Jackson Clayton A. C. , Jenkins Ian , Jones Aaron M. , Pan Andrew , Ward Daniel R. , Weinstein Aaron J. , Whiteley Samuel J. , Williams Parker , Borselli Matthew G. , Rakher Matthew T. , Ladd Thaddeus D. 
Published: June 2024

Dynamical decoupling of spin qubits in silicon can increase fidelity and can be used to extract the frequency spectra of noise processes. We demonstrate a full-permutation dynamical decoupling technique that cyclically exchanges the spins in a triple-quantum-dot qubit. This sequence not only suppresses both low-frequency charge-noise-induced and magnetic-noise-induced errors; it also refocuses leakage errors to first order, which is particularly interesting for encoded exchange-only qubits. For a specific construction, which we call “NZ1y,” the qubit is isolated from error sources to such a degree that we measure a remarkable exchange pulse error of 2.8×10−5. This sequence maintains a quantum state for roughly 18,000 exchange pulses, extending the qubit coherence from T2∗=2μs to T2=720μs. We experimentally validate an error model that includes 1/f charge noise and 1/f magnetic noise in two ways: by direct exchange-qubit simulation and by integration of the assumed noise spectra with derived filter functions, both of which reproduce the measured error and leakage with respect to a change of the repetition rate.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
The typology of school mapping synergies: a diagrammatic morphological evaluation of middle schools in Iran
Authors: Heidari Erfan , Saghafi Mahmoud Reza 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis study introduces diagrammatic morphology as a novel method for analysing the synergistic interactions within school mapping. It seeks to reshape the evaluation of school mapping typologies, focusing on the interconnectedness of learning activities, social interactions, and spatial configurations. Aims: (1) To develop the morphological evaluation procedures for school mapping. (2) To evaluate the Iranian Middle Schools' Interior Architecture (IMSIA) using the diagrammatic morphological method.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study has been conducted in two steps: A review of the morphological method for school mapping evaluation. A case study analysis of fifty-five IMSIA samples.FindingsThe spatial typology of IMSIA were categorized into four distinct models. These models included ten distinct pattern categories within twenty-one different types. The case study evaluation identified three levels of synergistic complexity within the school mapping: primary, intermediate, and advanced. The advanced level displayed the strongest connection to pedagogies among the analysed models.Originality/valueThis research innovatively evaluates the synergistic context of schools based on the assemblage theory through an occupational analysis of the Iranian middle schools' interior architecture mapping diagrammatic morphological method.