bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fentanyl buccal tablet for the treatment of breakthrough pain in opioid‐tolerant patients with chronic cancer pain
Authors: Weinstein Sharon M. , Messina John , Xie Fang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study assessed the long‐term safety and tolerability of fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) in opioid‐tolerant patients with cancer and breakthrough pain (BTP) who were either naive to FBT or had completed 1 of 2 previous double‐blind, placebo‐controlled FBT studies (rollover patients).METHODS:Patients who were FBT‐naive underwent titration to find a successful FBT dose. Rollover patients used a previously identified successful dose of FBT. Patients who achieved a successful dose were eligible to enter a maintenance phase (≥12 months). Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), physical and neurologic examinations, and clinical laboratory tests.RESULTS:Two hundred thirty‐two patients were enrolled. A total of 112 entered titration; 79 identified a successful FBT dose, and 77 of these patients entered the maintenance phase along with 120 rollover patients (n = 197). AEs resulted in discontinuation of therapy for 33% of patients. The most common AEs were generally typical of opioids administered to cancer patients. All serious AEs were considered to be related to the patients' underlying conditions, except for 1 incident of FBT‐related drug withdrawal syndrome. Sixty patients died after enrollment because of disease progression. Fifteen (6%) patients experienced ≥1 application‐site AE, all of which were considered by investigators to be related to FBT.CONCLUSIONS:FBT was generally well tolerated and had a favorable safety profile in the long‐term (≥12 months) management of patients with persistent cancer pain and BTP. No unexpected AEs occurred. Safety and tolerability was similar to that observed in short‐term studies. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Toward a multimodal cell analysis of brush biopsies for the early detection of oral cancer
Authors: Remmerbach Torsten W. , Meyer‐Ebrecht Dietrich , Aach Til , Würflinger Thomas , Bell Andre A. , Schneider Timna E. , Nietzke Nadja , Frerich Bernhard , Böcking Alfred 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:This report describes what to the authors' knowledge is the first clinical application of semiautomated multimodal cell analysis (MMCA), a novel technique for the early detection of cancer for cases with a limited number of suspicious cells. In this clinical study, MMCA was applied to oral cancer diagnostics on brush biopsies. The MMCA approach was based on the sequential application of multiple stainings of identical, slide‐based cells and repeated relocalizations and measurements of their diagnostic features, resulting in multiparametric features of individual cells. Data integration of the variously stained cells increased diagnostic accuracy. The implementation of MMCA also enabled fully automatic, adaptive image preprocessing, including registration of multimodal images and segmentation of cell nuclei.METHODS:In a preliminary clinical trial, 47 slides from brush biopsies of suspicious oral lesions were analyzed. The final histologic diagnoses included 20 squamous cell carcinomas, 7 hyperkeratotic leukoplakias, and 20 lichen planus mucosae.RESULTS:The stepwise application of 2 additional approaches (morphology, DNA content, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region counts) increased the specificity of conventional cytologic diagnosis from 92.6% to 100%. This feasibility study provided a proof of concept, demonstrating efficiency, robustness, and diagnostic accuracy on slide‐based cytologic specimens.CONCLUSIONS:The authors concluded that MMCA may become a sensitive and highly specific, objective, and reproducible adjuvant diagnostic tool for the identification of neoplastic changes in oral smears that contain only a few abnormal cells. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Concurrent workload mapping for multicore security systems
Authors: Soewito Benfano , Weng Ning 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMulticore based network processors are promising components to build real‐time and scalable security systems to protect the networks and systems. The parallel nature of the processing system makes it challenging for application developers to concurrently program security systems for high performance. In this paper we present an automatic programming methodology that considers application complexity, traffic variation, and attack signatures update. In particular, our mapping algorithm concurrently takes advantage of parallelism in the level of tasks, applications, and packets to achieve optimal performance. We present results that show the effectiveness of the analysis, mapping, and the performance of the model methodology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triplet Excitation Scavenging in Films of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Schols Sarah , Kadashchuk Andrey , Heremans Paul , Helfer Anke , Scherf Ullrich 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNonvertical triplet energy transferin solid conjugated polymer films is demonstrated for the first time using 1,3,5,7‐cyclooctatetraene, a compound that can efficiently quench the phosphorescence of polyfluorene without affecting its fluorescence (see spectra). The results suggest that nonvertical triplet scavengers might be promising candidates for controlling the triplet concentration in fluorescent high‐brightness organic devices.magnified imagePhosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of polyfluorene polymer films doped with cyclooctatetraene (COT) and anthracene are studied by means of time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The occurrence of an anomalous nonvertical triplet energy transfer in solid conjugated polymer films is demonstrated for the first time employing the “nonvertical” COT triplet acceptor, which appears to behave similarly to conventional vertical triplet acceptors, such as anthracene. Both dopant molecules are found to efficiently quench the host phosphorescence of the polymer without affecting the host fluorescence—this can be attributed to the large singlet–triplet (S1–T1) splitting of these molecules. This S1–T1splitting is exceptionally large in COT due to its low‐lying relaxed triplet state, which is capable of accepting host triplet excitations. In contrast to anthracene, the triplet lifetime of the COT molecules is reasonably short, thus making a fast deactivation of the triplet excitations possible. This suggests that nonvertical triplet scavengers might be promising candidates for quenching the host triplet excitations in future electrically pumped fluorescence organic lasers, which suffer from excessive triplet‐state losses.
Photochemistry of Iodoform in Methanol: Formation and Fate of the Iso‐CHI2‐I Photoproduct
Authors: El‐Khoury Patrick Z. , Kwok Wai Ming , Guan Xiangguo , Ma Chensheng , Phillips David Lee , Tarnovsky Alexander N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUltrafast population and structural dynamics due to the iso‐CHI2‐I isomer product formed upon UV excitation of iodoform (CHI3) in solution is monitored by femtosecond transient absorption with deep‐UV through near‐IR probing and picosecond transient resonance Raman spectroscopy. Iso‐CHI2‐I is found to be a major photochemical product regardless of excitation wavelength (266 and 350 nm) and choice of solvent (methanol, acetonitrile, and cyclohexane), and is produced in 50 % quantum yield upon 266 nm excitation of CHI3 in CH3OH. The isomer remains stable up to at least several nanoseconds in C6H12 and CH3CN, but undergoes decay with a 740 ps lifetime in CH3OH simultaneously with the formation of an iodide ion. In agreement with the experiments, MP2 calculations suggest that iso‐CHI2‐I readily reacts with CH3OH via O‐H insertion/HI elimination reactions.
A novel service evolution approach for active services in ubiquitous computing
Authors: Tian Peng‐Wei , Zhang Yao‐Xue , Zhou Yue‐Zhi , Yang Laurence Tianruo , Zhong Ming , Weng Lin‐Kai , Wei Li 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWith the emergence of more and more personalized service requirements, service customization has become a compelling problem in ubiquitous computing. As a new paradigm for service customization, theActive Servicesreuses existing services and obtains the user‐needed service evolved from them. In this paper, a novel service reuse approach is proposed for service evolution process in the active services paradigm. Besides the entire service reuse realized in existing works, our approach can also achieve partial reuse of existing services at functionality level. To generate a user‐needed service, the reusable parts of each existing service are extracted with an index strategy and utilized directly, and then the missing functionalities to satisfy the service requirement are further implemented. As quality of service (QoS) is very important for ubiquitous services, in this paper, based on the general service evolution process, two types of QoS‐aware service reuse methods are also introduced. The proposed methods have been implemented and extensive experiments were done to evaluate them. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our methods in several measurements of service reuse: computation cost, success rate, and the quality of generated services. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of estradiol on incorporation of new cells in the developing zebra finch song system: Potential relationship to expression of ribosomal proteins L17 and L37
Authors: Tang Yu Ping , Wade Juli 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMechanisms regulating masculinization of the zebra finch song system are unclear; both estradiol and sex‐specific genes may be important. This study was designed to investigate relationships between estrogen and ribosomal proteins (RPL17 and RPL37; sex‐linked genes) that exhibit greater expression in song control nuclei in juvenile males than females. Four studies on zebra finches were conducted using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injections on posthatching days 6–10 with immunohistochemistry for the ribosomal proteins and the neuronal marker HuC/D at day 25. Volumes of brain regions were also assessed in Nissl‐stained tissue. Most BrdU+ cells expressed RPL17 and RPL37. The density and percentage of cells co‐expressing BrdU and HuC/D was greatest in Area X. The density of BrdU+ cells in Area X (or its equivalent) and the percentage of these cells that were neurons were greater in males than females. In RA and HVC, total BrdU+ cells were increased in males. A variety of effects of estradiol were also detected, including inducing an Area X in females with a masculine total number of BrdU+ cells, and increasing the volume and percentage of new neurons in the HVC of females. The same manipulation in males decreased the density of BrdU+ cells in Area X, total number of BrdU+ cells in RA, and density of new neurons in HVC and RA. These data are consistent with the idea that RPL17, RPL37, and estradiol might all influence sexual differentiation, perhaps with the hormone and proteins interacting, such that an appropriate balance is required for normal development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
An identified serotonergic neuron regulates adult neurogenesis in the crustacean brain
Authors: Sandeman D.C. , Benton J.L. , Beltz B.S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNew neurons are born and integrated into functional circuits in the brains of many adult organisms. In virtually all of these systems, serotonin is a potent regulator of neuronal proliferation. Specific neural pathways underlying these serotonergic influences have not, however, been identified and manipulated. The goal of this study was to test whether adult neurogenesis in the crustacean brain is influenced by electrical activity in the serotonergic dorsal giant neurons (DGNs) innervating the primary olfactory processing areas, the olfactory lobes, and higher order centers, the accessory lobes. Adult‐born neurons occur in two interneuronal cell clusters that are part of the olfactory pathway. This study demonstrates that neurogenesis also continues in these areas in a dissected, perfused brain preparation, although the rate of neuronal production is lower than in brains from intact same‐sized animals. Inclusion of 10−9 M serotonin in the perfusate delivered to the dissected brain preparation restores the rate of neurogenesis to in vivo levels. Although subthreshold stimulation of the DGN does not significantly alter the rate of neurogenesis, electrical activation of a single DGN results in significant increases in neurogenesis in Cluster 10 on the same side of the brain, when compared with levels on the contralateral, unstimulated side. Measurements of serotonin levels in the perfusate using high‐performance liquid chromatography established that serotonin levels are elevated about 10‐fold during DGN stimulation, confirming that serotonin is released during DGN activity. This is the first identified neural pathway through which adult neurogenesis has been directly manipulated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
Transferring Sondheimer's Annulene Chemistry into Three‐Dimensional Space
Authors: Werner Christian , Hopf Henning , Grunenberg Jörg , Ernst Ludger , Jones Peter G. , Köhler Felix , Herges Rainer 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOn treatment with potassium tert‐butoxide in tert‐butyl alcohol the two hydrocarbons 10 and 11 isomerize to the [6.6]paracyclophanes 12 and 13, respectively, with fully conjugated bridges, thus transferring the Sondheimer annulene chemistry to three‐dimensional space. The structures of the new hydrocarbons were established by spectroscopic data (12, 13) and X‐ray structural analysis (13) as well as by computational methods. According to ACID calculations these three‐dimensional aromatics are not Möbius systems.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Microwave‐Assisted Competing Domino Processes in the Octaline Diol Series
Authors: Elkhayat Zobida , Safir Imad , Aquino Maurizio , Perez Manuel , Gandara Zoila , Retailleau Pascal , Arseniyadis Siméon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA Pb(OAc)4‐mediated, path selective, modular domino transformation using an octaline diol framework as a probe is described. Alteration of the nature of the angular substituent or the length of the tether chain controls the effectiveness of the “ring‐expanded” versus “ring‐retained” domino path. The solvent can modify the behaviour of the transient intermediates and the reaction time is reduced under microwave heating, whereas water cleanly promotes oxidative/pericyclic transformations leading to half‐cascade intermediates when used as the solvent. Irrespective of the nature of the substituents (alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, acyloxy) and the solvent, all diol substrates react with PhI(OAc)2 to afford exclusively the interrupted cascade as the only domino product.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
By their words ye shall know them: Language abstraction and the likeability of describers
Authors: Douglas Karen M. , Sutton Robbie M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAccording to the linguistic category model (LCM), behaviour can be described at concrete (e.g. ‘Kath hit Kim’) and abstract (e.g. ‘Kath is aggressive’) levels. Variations in these levels convey information about the person being described and the relationship between that person and the describer. In the current research, we examined the power of language abstraction to create impressions of describers themselves. Results show that describers are seen as less likeable when they use abstract (vs. concrete) language to describe the negative actions of others. Conversely, impressions of describers are more favourable when they opt for abstract descriptions of others' positive behaviours. This effect is partially mediated by the attribution of a communicative agenda to describers. By virtue of these attributional implications, language abstraction is an impression formation device that can impact on the reputation of describers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Universal multiplex PCR and CE for quantification of SMN1/SMN2 genes in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Wang Chun‐Chi , Chang Jan‐Gowth , Jong Yuh‐Jyh , Wu Shou‐Mei 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe established a universal multiplex PCR and CE to calculate the copy number of survival motor neuron (SMN1 and SMN2) genes for clinical screening of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In this study, one universal fluorescent primer was designed and applied for multiplex PCR of SMN1, SMN2 and two internal standards (CYBB and KRIT1). These amplicons were separated by conformation sensitive CE. Mixture of hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose were used in this CE system. Our method provided the potential to separate two 390‐bp PCR products that differ in a single nucleotide. Differentiation and quantification of SMN1 and SMN2 are essential for clinical screening of SMA patients and carriers. The DNA samples included 22 SMA patients, 45 parents of SMA patients (obligatory carriers) and 217 controls. For evaluating accuracy, those 284 samples were blind‐analyzed by this method and denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Eight of the total samples showed different results. Among them, two samples were diagnosed as having only SMN2 gene by DHPLC, however, they contained both SMN1 and SMN2 by our method. They were further confirmed by DNA sequencing. Our method showed good agreement with the DNA sequencing. The multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used for confirming the other five samples, and showed the same results with our CE method. For only one sample, our CE showed different results with MLPA and DNA sequencing. One out of 284 samples (0.35%) belonged to mismatching. Our method provided a better accurate method and convenient method for clinical genotyping of SMA disease.
CIEF and MALDI‐TOF‐MS methods for analyzing forms of the glycoprotein VEGF165
Authors: Ongay Sara , Puerta Angel , Díez‐Masa Jose Carlos , Bergquist Jonas , de Frutos Mercedes 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in different sicknesses (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other). Out of the many components of the VEGF family, the A splice variant with 165 amino acids (VEGF165) is the main component. In spite of the potential as biomarker that this protein has, information about its physico‐chemical characteristics is scarce. In this study CIEF and MALDI‐TOF‐MS methods for intact recombinant human VEGF165 are developed and applied to analyze this glycoprotein expressed in glycosylating (Sf 21 insect cells) and non‐glycosylating (Escherichia coli) systems. Different parameters influencing the CIEF separation were studied. The developed CIEF method allowed for the separation of up to seven peaks in the VEGF165 expressed in insect cells and up to three in VEGF165 expressed in E. coli. The use of the presented method permits the estimation of the apparent pI of the different forms of VEGF165 expressed in insect cells to be in a range of 6.8–8.2. The three peaks with intermediate pI values are observed in the protein expressed in both systems, insect cells and E. coli. The MALDI‐TOF‐MS method enabled to a rapid partial characterization of VEGF165 based on its MS fingerprint. MALDI‐MS analysis of VEGF165 expressed in insect cells shows the presence of, at least, four forms or groups of forms of VEGF165 as a result of the different PTMs of the protein. According to the MALDI‐MS analysis, VEGF165 expressed in E. coli was produced as a very homogeneous protein, although the results suggest the existence of some PTMs in the protein. The patterns of VEGF165 of both origins obtained by CIEF and MALDI‐MS indicate the possibility of using these analytical methods to compare samples from people with different pathophysiological conditions. This work is thus a starting point to make possible the study of the role of the various forms of VEGF165 as biomarkers. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that intact VEGF165 has been analyzed by CIEF and MALDI‐TOF‐MS.
Reduced levels of miR‐34a in neuroblastoma are not caused by mutations in the TP53 binding site
Authors: Feinberg‐Gorenshtein Galina , Avigad Smadar , Jeison Marta , Halevy‐Berco Gili , Mardoukh Jacques , Luria Drorit , Ash Shifra , Steinberg Ran , Weizman Avraham , Yaniv Isaac 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children below the age of 5 years. miR‐34a, located in chromosome band 1p36, has been recently implicated as a tumor suppressor gene in NB. In addition, it has been shown that miR‐34a is activated by TP53 by binding to a TP53 binding site upstream to the mature miR‐34a. We studied NB tumors from 57 patients for miR‐34a expression levels, 1p status, mutations in the TP53 coding region and mutations of the TP53 binding site. Reduced expression levels of miR‐34a were identified in tumors harboring 1p36.3 Loss (P = 0.028). No mutations were identified in the coding region of TP53, or in the TP53 binding site. Thus, mutations in the binding site are not an additional mechanism for the inactivation of miR‐34a in NB. Other regulatory mechanisms controlling miR‐34a expression and its relationship to TP53 should be further explored. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Array comparative genomic hybridization identifies a distinct DNA copy number profile in renal cell cancer associated with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer
Authors: Koski Taru A. , Lehtonen Heli J. , Jee Kowan J. , Ninomiya Shinsuke , Joosse Simon A. , Vahteristo Pia , Kiuru Maija , Karhu Auli , Sammalkorpi Heli , Vanharanta Sakari , Lehtonen Rainer , Edgren Henrik , Nederlof Petra M. , Hietala Marja , Aittomäki Kristiina , Herva Riitta , Knuutila Sakari , Aaltonen Lauri A. , Launonen Virpi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a tumor predisposition syndrome with cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis as well as renal cell cancer (RCC) as its clinical manifestations. HLRCC is caused by heterozygous germline mutations in the fumarate hydratase (fumarase) gene. In this study, we used array comparative genomic hybridization to identify the specific copy number changes characterizing the HLRCC‐associated RCCs. The study material comprised formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded renal tumors obtained from Finnish patients with HLRCC. All 11 investigated tumors displayed the papillary type 2 histopathology typical for HLRCC renal tumors. The most frequent copy number changes detected in at least 3/11 (27%) of the tumors were gains in chromosomes 2, 7, and 17, and losses in 13q12.3‐q21.1, 14, 18, and X. These findings provide genetic evidence for a distinct copy number profile in HLRCC renal tumors compared with sporadic RCC tumors of the same histopathological subtype, and delineate chromosomal regions that associate with this very aggressive form of RCC. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.