bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of fetal exomphalos diagnosed at 11–14 weeks of gestation
Authors: Khalil A. , Arnaoutoglou C. , Pacilli M. , Szabo A. , David A. L. , Pandya P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether sonographic findings in cases of exomphalos detected at the 11–14‐week scan can be used to guide pregnancy management.MethodsRetrospective study of cases of exomphalos identified from the Fetal Medicine Unit database, University College London Hospitals between January 1998 and January 2010. Pregnancy and neonatal data were ascertained from maternal and neonatal records. Fetal exomphalos was categorized into three groups: exomphalos associated with other major structural malformation(s), isolated exomphalos with increased nuchal translucency (NT) and isolated exomphalos with normal NT.ResultsA total of 98 cases of exomphalos were identified, of which 45 (45.9%) were associated with other major structural malformation(s), identified antenatally. Isolated exomphalos was found with increased NT in 22 cases (22.4%) and with normal NT in 31 cases (31.6%). Of 80 (81.6%) fetuses that were karyotyped, 43 (53.8%) had a chromosomal abnormality; the most common aneuploidy was trisomy 18 (n = 31; 72.1%). Where exomphalos was associated with other major structural abnormalities, or was isolated with increased NT, the incidence of aneuploidy was high, at 78.9% and 72.2%, respectively. Cases of isolated exomphalos with normal NT were all euploid. In 21 cases (21.4%), exomphalos resolved later in pregnancy and none had apparent abnormalities at birth; isolated exomphalos persisted in only three neonates (3.1%).ConclusionsThe finding of a major structural abnormality or of increased NT in association with exomphalos in the first trimester implies a high risk of aneuploidy. Parents can be reassured that fetuses with isolated exomphalos and normal NT are likely to be euploid. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities by integrated application of nuchal translucency, nasal bone, tricuspid regurgitation and ductus venosus flow combined with maternal serum free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A: a 5‐year prospective study
Authors: Ghaffari S. R. , Tahmasebpour A. R. , Jamal A. , Hantoushzadeh S. , Eslamian L. , Marsoosi V. , Fattahi F. , Rajaei M. , Niroomanesh S. , Borna S. , Beigi A. , Khazardoost S. , Saleh‐Gargari S. , Rahimi‐Sharbaf F. , Farrokhi B. , Bayani N. , Tehrani S. E. , Shahsavan K. , Farzan S. , Moossavi S. , Ramezanzadeh F. , Dastan J. , Rafati M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the performance of first‐trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities by integrated application of nuchal translucency thickness (NT), nasal bone (NB), tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and ductus venosus (DV) flow combined with maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (fβ‐hCG) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) at a one‐stop clinic for assessment of risk (OSCAR).MethodsIn total, 13 706 fetuses in 13 437 pregnancies were screened for chromosomal abnormalities during a period of 5 years. Maternal serum biochemical markers and maternal age were evaluated in combination with NT, NT + NB, NT + NB + TR, and NT + NB + TR + DV flow data in 8581, 242, 236 and 4647 fetuses, respectively.ResultsIn total, 51 chromosomal abnormalities were identified in the study population, including 33 cases of trisomy 21, eight of trisomy 18, six of sex chromosome abnormality, one of triploidy and three of other unbalanced abnormalities. The detection rate and false‐positive rate (FPR) for trisomy 21 were 93.8% and 4.84%, respectively, using biochemical markers and NT, and 100% and 3.4%, respectively, using biochemical markers, NT, NB, TR and DV flow.ConclusionWhile risk assessment using combined biochemical markers and NT measurement has an acceptable screening performance, it can be improved by the integrated evaluation of secondary ultrasound markers of NB, TR and DV flow. This enhanced approach would decrease the FPR from 4.8 % to 3.4 %, leading to a lower number of unnecessary invasive diagnostic tests and subsequent complications, while maintaining the maximum level of detection rate. Pre‐ and post‐test genetic counseling is of paramount importance in either approach. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endometriosis of the abdominal wall: ultrasonographic and Doppler characteristics
Authors: Savelli L. , Manuzzi L. , Di Donato N. , Salfi N. , Trivella G. , Ceccaroni M. , Seracchioli R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the sonographic and clinical features of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE), a frequently misdiagnosed condition.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 21 consecutive women with pathologically proven endometriosis of the abdominal wall. Ultrasonographic and Doppler examinations were performed, before surgery, with a high‐frequency linear transducer. The clinical data and the results of the sonographic examinations were reviewed and described.ResultsAt ultrasound, all the nodules appeared as discrete solid masses that were less echogenic than the surrounding hyperechoic fat. The nodules had a median diameter of 20 (range, 5–50) mm and in 18/21 (86%) cases the nodules had a round/oval shape. In eight of 21 (38%) women the AWE was located at the umbilicus, in six of 21 (29%) it was between the transverse suprapubic line and the umbilicus, in five of 21 (24%) it was found along the scar of a previous Cesarean section and in two of 21 (9%) it was in the right inguinal canal. The content was homogeneously hypoechoic in 12/21 (57%) women and inhomogeneous in the other nine (43%). The outer borders were invariably ill defined. Scarce blood vessels were found by power Doppler. Cyclic or continuous spontaneous pain at the level of the AWE was present in 19/21 (91%) cases, and two (9%) patients were asymptomatic.ConclusionsHypoechoic round/oval nodules with ill‐defined borders and a hyperechoic rim should raise the suspicion of abdominal wall endometriosis, even in patients with no history of endometriosis or previous laparotomic surgery. Pressing the ultrasound probe against the nodule should reinforce a suspected diagnosis because of the pain it induces. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of EUV periodic multilayers
Authors: Le Guen K. , Hu M.‐H. , André J.‐M. , Jonnard P. , Wang Z. , Zhu J. , Galtayries A. , Meny C. , Meltchakov E. , Hecquet C. , Delmotte F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNanometric Co/Mg, Co/Mg/B4C, Al/SiC and Al/Mo/SiC periodic multilayers deposited by magnetron sputtering are studied in order to correlate their optical performances in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) range to their structural quality. To that purpose, our recently developed methodology based on high‐resolution X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X‐ray and EUV reflectometry is now extended to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary ions mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). The analysis of the Co Lαβ and Mg Kβ emission spectra shows that the Co and Mg atoms within the multilayers are in a chemical state equivalent to that of the atoms in the pure Co and Mg references, respectively. But NMR spectra give evidence for a reaction between Co atoms and B and/or C atoms from B4C. The Al and Si Kβ emission spectra do not reveal the formation of an interfacial compound in Al/SiC and Al/Mo/SiC. Only the roughness limits the optical quality of Al/SiC. The comparative analysis of the ToF‐SIMS spectra of Al/SiC and Al/Mo/SiC indicates that the structural quality is enhanced when Mo is introduced within the stack. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Influence of Weak Interactions on Electric Conductivity of Silver Sulfobenzoate Complexes with Two Neutral Ligands
Authors: Zheng Xiao‐Feng , Zhu Long‐Guan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe reaction of AgNO3 and sulfobenzoate with neutral ligands led to the formation of three complexes, {[Ag2(4‐sb)(Ph3P)2(3‐apy)]·(H2O)}n (1), {[Ag(PPh3)(2‐apy)]·[Ag(PPh3)(3‐sb)]·(H2O)}n (2) and [Ag(PPh3)(Hdpa)(4‐Hsb)] (3) (4‐H2sb = 4‐sulfobenzoic acid, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, 3‐apy = 3‐aminopyridine, 2‐apy = 2‐aminopyridine, 3‐H2sb = 3‐sulfobenzoic acid, Hdpa = 2,2′‐dipyridylamine) Complex 1 is a 2D sandwich‐like polymer. Complex 2 is a cation‐anion species and has a 1D polymer structure. Complex 3 is a monomer. Complexes 1–3 contain the Ag‐PPh3 unit and such unit largely hinders the Ag–Ag, π···π, Ag···π, and Ag···C interactions. The experimental results indicated that these three complexes have weaker conductivities than those corresponding silver complexes having abundant weak interactions, especially π···π and Ag–Ag interactions, illustrating that the cation‐anion species having potential ability of charge transfer can largely promote the conductivity property.
Walter Peters, die Peters‐Reaktion und der Bezug zu Kurt Dehnickes Arbeiten über Organoquecksilberverbindungen
Authors: Beyer Lothar , Hoyer Eberhard 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWalter Peters discovered in 1905 (Dr. phil. nat. 1903, Strassburg), as student the formation of arylmercurychlorides from arylsulfinates and HgCl2 by SO2 extrusion. At that time he worked in Arthur Hantzsch’s Laboratory of Chemistry of Leipzig University. The biography of Walter Peters is described and the meaning of this discovery is discussed in connection with early works of Kurt Dehnicke as well as the importance of the Peters‐Reaction for the synthesis of organometallic compounds.
Specifying the Interrelationship Between Exposure to Violence and Parental Monitoring for Younger Versus Older Adolescents: A Five Year Longitudinal Test
Authors: Spano Richard , Rivera Craig , Vazsonyi Alexander T. , Bolland John M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFive waves of longitudinal data collected from 349 African American youth living in extreme poverty were used to examine the interrelationship between exposure to violence and parenting during adolescence. Semi‐parametric group based modeling was used to identify trajectories of parental monitoring and exposure to violence from T1 to T5. Results from these analyses revealed: (1) a trajectory of declining parental monitoring for 48% of youth; and (2) four distinct trajectories of exposure to violence. Multivariate findings were largely consistent with the ecological‐transactional model of community violence. Youth with stable and/or increasing trajectories of exposure to violence were more likely than youth with stable‐low exposure to violence to have declining parental monitoring, but additional analyses revealed a similar pattern of findings for younger adolescents (age 9–11 T1), but no evidence of linkages between trajectories of exposure to violence and parental monitoring for older adolescents (age 12–16 T1). The theoretical and policy implications of these findings as well as areas for future research are also discussed.
The neurobiology of mouse models syntenic to human chromosome 15q
Authors: Takumi Toru 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in childhood as social behavioral abnormalities, such as abnormal social interaction, impaired communication, and restricted interest or behavior. Of the known causes of autism, duplication of human chromosome 15q11–q13 is the most frequently associated cytogenetic abnormality. Chromosome 15q11–q13 is also known to include imprinting genes. In terms of neuroscience, it contains interesting genes such asNecdin,Ube3a, and a cluster of GABAAsubunits as well as huge clusters of non-coding RNAs (small nucleolar RNAs, snoRNAs). Phenotypic analyses of mice genetically or chromosomally engineered for each gene or their clusters on a region of mouse chromosome seven syntenic to human 15q11–q13 indicate that this region may be involved in social behavior, serotonin metabolism, and weight control. Further studies using these models will provide important clues to the pathophysiology of autism. This review overviews phenotypes of mouse models of genes in 15q11–q13 and their relationships to autism.
Changes in Volatile Compounds During Processing of Tunisian‐Style Table Olives
Authors: Dabbou Samia , Issaoui Manel , Brahmi Faten , Nakbi Amel , Chehab Hechmi , Mechri Beligh , Hammami Mohamed 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTable olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit is widely used in the food industry due to its excellent nutritional and health values. The objective of the present research was to determine aroma profiles by hydrodistillation and GC/MS of the autochthonous Meski and two introduced table olives (Picholine and Manzanella) treated with two traditional Tunisian processes. Independent of the processing method, the olive fruit had significant cultivar‐dependent differences. The volatile compounds of the treated products were affected by processing: total terpenes increased, while aldehydes decreased and new aroma profiles emerged with large variations in the rate of appearances of the different aroma compounds. Principal component analysis showed that fruit quality is strongly affected by its endogenous specificity and by the processing method used.
Mother–daughter communication about sexual maturation, abstinence and unintended pregnancy: Experiences from an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Crichton Joanna , Ibisomi Latifat , Gyimah Stephen Obeng 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTParental communication and support is associated with improved developmental, health and behavioral outcomes in adolescence. This study explores the quality of mother–daughter communication about sexual maturation, abstinence and unintended pregnancy in Korogocho, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. We use data from 14 focus group discussions (n = 124) and 25 interviews with girls aged 12–17, mothers of teenage girls, and key informant teachers. Many girls and women believed that mothers are the best source of information and support during puberty but only a minority described good experiences with communication in practice. Girls preferred communication to begin early and be repeated regularly. Mothers often combined themes of sexual maturation, abstinence and avoiding pregnancy in their messages. Communication was facilitated by mothers’ availability, warmth and close parent–child relationships. Challenges included communication taboos, embarrassment, ambiguous message content, and parental lack of knowledge and uncertainty. Neighborhood poverty undermined some mothers’ time and motivation for communicating.
Social communication in young children with traumatic brain injury: Relations with corpus callosum morphometry
Authors: Ewing‐Cobbs Linda , Prasad Mary R. , Swank Paul , Kramer Larry , Mendez Donna , Treble Amery , Payne Christa , Bachevalier Jocelyne 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation was to characterize the relations of specific social communication behaviors, including joint attention, gestures, and verbalization, with surface area of midsagittal corpus callosum (CC) subregions in children who sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) before 7 years of age. Participants sustained mild (n = 10) or moderate–severe (n = 26) noninflicted TBI. The mean age at injury was 33.6 months; mean age at MRI was 44.4 months. The CC was divided into seven subregions. Relative to young children with mild TBI, those with moderate–severe TBI had smaller surface area of the isthmus. A semi‐structured sequence of social interactions between the child and an examiner was videotaped and coded for specific social initiation and response behaviors. Social responses were similar across severity groups. Even though the complexity of their language was similar, children with moderate–severe TBI used more gestures than those with mild TBI to initiate social overtures; this may indicate a developmental lag or deficit as the use of gestural communication typically diminishes after age 2. After controlling for age at scan and for total brain volume, the correlation of social interaction response and initiation scores with the midsagittal surface area of the CC regions was examined. For the total group, responding to a social overture using joint attention was significantly and positively correlated with surface area of all regions, except the rostrum. Initiating joint attention was specifically and negatively correlated with surface area of the anterior midbody. Use of gestures to initiate a social interaction correlated significantly and positively with surface area of the anterior and posterior midbody. Social response and initiation behaviors were selectively related to regional callosal surface areas in young children with TBI. Specific brainbehavior relations indicate early regional specialization of anterior and posterior CC for social communication.
Knowledge and Use of Antimicrobial Stewardship Resources by Spinal Cord Injury Providers
Authors: Evans Charlesnika T. , Rogers Thea J. , Burns Stephen P. , Lopansri Bert , Weaver Frances M. 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveTo assess the knowledge and the use of antimicrobial stewardship resources, such as hospital antibiograms and infectious disease consultants, by spinal cord injury or disorder (SCI/D) providers.Design and SettingAnonymous Internet‐based, cross‐sectional survey.ParticipantsA total of 314 SCI/D physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants who prescribe antibiotics were invited to complete a survey.Main Outcome MeasurementsKnowledge of and behaviors related to antibiograms and infectious disease (ID) consults.ResultsA total of 118 providers (80 physicians, 20 nurse practitioners, 18 physician assistants) completed the survey (37.6% response rate). Approximately one‐third of respondents indicated that they did not have access to (11.0%) or were unsure of (28.0%) the existence of facility antibiograms. Half of the providers indicated that they never used antibiograms to determine treatment for their SCI/D patients. Respondent factors associated with viewing facility antibiograms were older age, employment at SCI/D specialty centers, a longer duration since completion of training, and years of SCI/D patient care. Nearly all respondents (95%) indicated that they believed that improving access to antibiotic prescribing data or antibiograms would reduce antibiotic resistance. More than one‐third reported that they never or seldom used ID consults.ConclusionsA significant portion of SCI/D providers who prescribe antibiotics do not have access to facility antibiograms or are unaware of their existence and thus could not use them for determining antibiotic treatment. Interventions could include formal education of providers on how to access antibiograms and the use of ID physicians as a resource, as well as providing technologic support, such as electronic facility‐level antibiograms as part of the medical record system, which can be easily identified if a provider is making a decision on an antibiotic.
Evaluation of the McKenzie Intervention for Chronic Low Back Pain by Using Selected Physical and Bio‐Behavioral Outcome Measures
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Saud M. , Al‐Sayegh Nowall A. , Ben Nakhi Huzaifa , Al‐Mandeel Mariam 
Published: July 2011

ObjectivesTo assess the bio‐behavioral and physical performance characteristics of individuals with chronic low back pain who demonstrated the pain centralization phenomenon and received the McKenzie intervention using selected bio‐behavioral and physical performance measures at intake and at 5 weeks and 10 weeks after treatment.DesignA prospective cohort study with assessment at baseline and 2 follow‐ups after completion of the McKenzie intervention.SettingOutpatient orthopedic physical therapy clinics.ParticipantsSixty‐two volunteers with chronic low back pain (28 men, 34 women; average ages 41.9 and 37.1 years, respectively).MethodsThe subjects completed pain and related fear and disability questionnaires, underwent McKenzie mechanical assessment, and executed selected physical performances. They then received the McKenzie intervention.Main Outcome MeasurementsOutcomes measurements were repeated at the end of the 5th and 10th weeks after treatment completion. Pain‐related disability and fear beliefs were assessed by using the Disability Belief Questionnaire and Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaires, respectively. The time for repeated sit to stand, trunk forward bending, and customary and fast walking were measured by stopwatch. Pain (anticipated versus actual reported) was measured before and immediately after a given physical performance. Descriptive statistics, paired t‐tests, and repeated measures analysis of variance were used.ResultsSignificant improvements peaked at the end of the 5th week for all outcome measures (P < .001), with slight increase in bio‐behavioral variables at the end of the 10th week.ConclusionsMcKenzie intervention reduced pain and related fear and disability beliefs and improved physical performances in individuals with chronic low back pain. Improvements in physical performances remained stable 10 weeks after treatment, regardless of the elevation in bio‐behavioral factors.
MUTUALITY AND IMMEDIACY BETWEENMARJAʿANDMUQALLID: EVIDENCE FROM MALE IN VITRO FERTILIZATION PATIENTS IN SHIʿI LEBANON
Authors: Clarke Morgan , Inhorn Marcia C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article concerns the dominant institution of religious authority within modern Usuli Twelver Shiʿi Islam: themarjaʿiyya. The most senior clerics serve as “sources of emulation” (marājiʿ al-taqlīd), informing the moral conduct of their lay “imitators” (muqallidūn). Despite the importance of this relationship, academic writing on what we call its “affective” qualities, especially from lay perspectives, is limited. We provide ethnographic data from anthropological research into Islamic medical ethics in Lebanon. Interviews in 2003 with infertile Shiʿi patients who were considering controversial assisted reproductive technologies revealed rare insights into which authorities they followed and in what numbers and how this relationship was experienced and drawn upon by those in need. We compare the very different relationships inspired by the two authorities most cited in our study: the late Beirut-based Ayatollah Fadlallah; and the Iranian Ayatollah Khaminaʾi, Hizbullah's patron. From his local base, Fadlallah offered a vivid and responsive persona of a qualitatively distinct type.
A practical approach to the early identification of antidepressant medication non-responders
Authors: Li J. , Kuk A. Y. C. , Rush A. J. 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine whether a combination of baseline features and early post-baseline depressive symptom changes have clinical value in predicting out-patient non-response in depressed out-patients after 8 weeks of medication treatment.MethodWe analysed data from the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes study for 447 participants with complete 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self-Report (QIDS-SR16) ratings at baseline and at treatment weeks 2, 4 and 8. We used a multi-time point, recursive subsetting approach that included baseline features and changes in QIDS-SR16 scores from baseline to weeks 2 and 4, to identify non-responders (<50% reduction in QIDS-SR16) at week 8 with a pre-specified accuracy level.ResultsPretreatment clinical features alone were not clinically useful predictors of non-response after 8 weeks of treatment. Baseline to week 2 symptom change identified 48 non-responders (of which 36 were true non-responders). This approach gave a clinically meaningful negative predictive value of 0.75. Symptom change from baseline to week 4 identified 79 non-responders (of which 60 were true non-responders), achieving the same accuracy. Symptom change at both weeks 2 and 4 identified 87 participants (almost 20% of the sample) as non-responders with the same accuracy. More participants with chronic than non-chronic index episodes could be accurately identified by week 4.ConclusionsSpecific baseline clinical features combined with symptom changes by weeks 2–4 can provide clinically actionable results, enhancing the efficiency of care by personalizing the treatment of depression.