bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding brassinosteroid‐centric phytohormone interactions for crop improvement
Authors: Yin Wenchao , Dong Nana , Li Xicheng , Yang Yanzhao , Lu Zefu , Zhou Wenbin , Qian Qian , Chu Chengcai , Tong Hongning 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBrassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in regulating multiple biological processes in plants, particularly those related to crop productivity and stress tolerance. During their functioning, BRs engage in extensive and intricate interactions with other phytohormones, including auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. These interactions facilitate the integration of internal and external signals, ultimately shaping the physiological status of the plant. In this review, we introduce BR metabolism and signaling and discuss their role in modulating agronomic traits that directly contribute to grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa), the model plant for crops. We also summarize recent advances in the crosstalk between BRs and other phytohormones in regulating agronomic traits in crops. Furthermore, we highlight significant research that provides insights into developing high‐yielding and stress‐resistant crop varieties from the perspective of hormone crosstalk. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms through which BRs and other phytohormones collaboratively control agronomic traits offers new approaches for crop improvement.
Registered Nurse‐Led Interdisciplinary Care: A Single Case Study of a Young Woman With Intellectual Disability and Chronic and Complex Health Problems
Authors: Wilson Nathan J. , Lewis Peter , Apostol Cheryll , Duckworth Natalie , Barratt Macey 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo describe how specialised models of registered nurse‐led care and support can play a vital role in the health and quality of life of someone with intellectual disability and multiple chronic and complex health problems.DesignSingle instrumental case study.MethodsData collection occurred between March and August 2023, and included interviews with parents, historical case files, descriptions of the nurse‐led model of care and a list of the daily registered nurse‐led interventions.ResultsThe evidence presented strongly support the positive impact a nurse‐led model of care can have for persons with profound disability and complex health conditions, and their families. The improved quality of life observed in this project underscores the significant role nurses play in enhancing the well‐being of this vulnerable population.ConclusionFurther research on a larger scale should be completed to create a robust foundation of a specialised, nurse‐led model of care for individuals with profound disability and complex health conditions.ImplicationsThere is room for funded intermediate models of care as the health system cannot be expected, and nor is it appropriate, to provide ongoing care for all people with intellectual disability.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to the COREQ guidelines for qualitative research.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Comparative Genomics and Transcriptome Analysis of Two Colletotrichum scovillei Strains Revealed Genes Involved in Pathogenicity on Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Wei Jiayu , Li Yue , Wang Jubin , Zhang Xi , Qiu Yuguang , Xu Zhencheng , He Xin , Li Ning , Yao Minghua , Li Feng , Deng Yingtian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTColletotrichum scovillei causes anthracnose in chilli pepper worldwide, which is one of the most serious diseases affecting the production of pepper fruits. Although there are several studies on the Colletotrichum disease genes identified, there are still gaps in the understanding of the pathogenic genes and pathogenic mechanisms of Colletotrichum. In this study, two Colletotrichum strains, C. scovillei (Colletotrichum scovillei) C1 and C. scovillei CD showed different virulence against chill pepper, with C. scovillei C1 having a marked virulence defect compared to C. scovillei CD. To explore the genetic variation between the two strains, comparative genomic and transcriptome analyses were conducted to reveal the functional genes associated with the virulence. At the genome level, C. scovillei C1 was found to have a number of structural variation (SVs), insertion and deletion (InDels) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared with C. scovillei CD. Analysis of DEGs (differentially expressed genes) between C. scovillei C1 and C. scovillei CD at the transcriptome level revealed 106 DEGs, including three upregulated effectors in C. scovillei CD, which might be the reasons for the high virulence of C. scovillei CD. In summary, our study revealed the genomic and transcriptomic mechanism involved in C. scovillei virulence in pepper, which contributes to the understanding of pepper anthracnose pathogenicity.
The Effects of Definition Placement and Lag of Retrieval Practice on Contextual Learning and Retention of Phrasal Verbs
Authors: Tadayonifar Mojtaba , Siyanova‐Chanturia Anna , Elgort Irina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLearning multiword expressions (MWEs) typically involves exposure to language input, such as through reading and listening. However, this way of learning can be rather slow. Therefore, finding strategies to enhance learning from input is crucial for language acquisition. In this study, 80 Iranian learners of English as a foreign language read short texts with 28 figurative English phrasal verbs (PVs), repeated three times. In a counterbalanced experimental design, we manipulated definition placement (before vs. after text) and the lag of retrieval practice (short vs. long lag). Learning was measured via immediate and delayed gap‐fill and meaning‐generation posttests. We found that providing definitions after reading resulted in greater learning outcomes than presenting definitions before reading under both short‐ and long‐lag conditions. Retrieving PVs under the long lag further increased this advantage. The results contribute to the understanding of how contextual learning and retention of MWEs from reading can be supported.
The Roles of Plasticity and Selection in Rapid Phenotypic Changes at the Pacific Oyster Invasion Front in Europe
Authors: Kinnby Alexandra , Robert Chloé , Havenhand Jonathan N. , Broström Göran , Bussière Luc , De Wit Pierre 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInvasive species present significant management challenges worldwide due to their ability to rapidly adapt to novel environments. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, a globally distributed invasive species, arrived in western Sweden in 2006 but has not yet colonised the low salinity waters of the Baltic Sea, presumably because low salinities act as a barrier to reproduction. We used classic mating designs to investigate fertilisation rates and heritability of embryonal salinity tolerance (in 8‰–33‰) in oysters from three locations with different invasion history and salinity (established, 33‰; past invasion front, 23.5‰; and present invasion front, 16‰). We found that fertilisation rates at lower salinities increased with proximity to the range front, with a pronounced heritable component. We then used whole‐genome sequencing of oysters from the present invasion front to identify genomic regions showing stronger deviations from Mendelian inheritance in larval full‐sib families reared in low salinity compared to controls. These regions contained coding sequences for Histones and ribosomal DNA, with the paternal genotype explaining a significant proportion of the deviation, suggesting the involvement of sperm in modulation of low‐salinity tolerance at fertilisation and early development. Furthermore, we found no evidence of recent bottlenecks along the invasion front. We conclude that the Pacific oyster has developed low‐salinity tolerant reproductive phenotypes at the present invasion front through acclimation and natural selection. Given the strong heritability for tolerance to low‐salinities at fertilisation, the species likely has the potential to adapt further to low‐salinity conditions and may invade the Baltic Sea.
Under the radar: How participating in a student organization can shape medical students' professional identity
Authors: Demak Indah Puspasari Kiay , Prins Jelle , Meity Nur , Bouwkamp‐Timmer Tineke , Fleer Joke , de Carvalho‐Filho Marco Antonio 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundMedical students' professional identity formation (PIF) starts early in their academic journey and is shaped by diverse social influences. Research shows that while participation in student organizations cultivates essential skills, it may also reinforce homogeneity and prevent cultural change. However, the impact of student organizations on PIF remains under‐researched. This study aimed to investigate how a particular student organization impacted the PIF of novice students.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study utilizing constructivist grounded theory and the rich pictures methodology. We interviewed 12 novices, six senior students, three alumni and seven teachers from a medical school in Indonesia. The interviews with students were facilitated by Rich Pictures. The transcripts and pictures were iteratively analysed.ResultsNovice students (i.e. first‐year medical students) participated in an orientation programme organized by a centralized student organization. Becoming a member of this organization facilitated access to extracurricular training and networking. During the onboarding to this organization, senior students imparted values professed by the student organization: hierarchy, camaraderie and confidentiality. However, the way the seniors put these values into practice deviated from their intended purpose, leading to a mismatch that the novices perceived as oppressive. After an initial phase of resistance, novices entered a negotiation process to decide whether to persist with the orientation programme, resulting in three distinct outcomes: internalizing the values and being accepted as a member, enduring the programme by role‐playing or becoming an outsider. This negotiation was accompanied by intense emotional suffering and identity dissonance. This socialization process ended up reinforcing an often oppressive hierarchical culture, which prevented novices from becoming change agents.ConclusionParticipating in this student organization significantly influences PIF, and developing survivorship bias may prevent students from enacting transformative change. Reforming this often oppressive system would require collaboration among faculty, teachers, student organizations and students.
Atrial Fibrillation in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Survey of Current Management in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Law Mandy M. , Tan Sven‐Jean , Wong Michael C. G. , Toussaint Nigel D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThere is limited evidence to support the use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in people with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study is to characterise the practice patterns and priorities of clinicians in the management of non‐valvular AF and primary prevention of AF‐related stroke in people with stage 4‐5D CKD.MethodsThis was an annonymous, multiple‐choice, electronic survey distributed to and undertaken by nephrology and cardiology clinicians in Australia and New Zealand.ResultsResponses eligible for analysis were received from 181 clinicians (121 nephrology and 60 cardiology respondents). Management with close specialty collaboration was reported by 47% of all respondents. OAC use was predominantly based on estimated individual stroke risk (i.e., CHA2DS2‐VASc score) in people with stage 4 CKD and kidney transplant recipients. In stage 5/5D CKD, nephrology respondents were more likely to withhold all antithrombotic therapy or individualise OAC use (p < 0.05), whilst cardiology respondents were more likely to defer OAC decision‐making to another specialist (p < 0.01). Varied use and dosing of OAC agents were noted between specialties. Left atrial appendage occlusion experience was limited amongst nephrology respondents but cardiology respondents would consider in individualised cases. Impact of CKD severity was noted in some rate and/or rhythm control management decisions.ConclusionsThis survey provides important contemporary insights into the management of AF in people with advanced CKD in Australia and New Zealand. There was inter‐ and intra‐specialty heterogeneity in practice, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary care and research to improve cardiovascular outcomes in this population.
Sleeping Beauty and the demands of non‐ideal rationality
Authors: Schwarz Wolfgang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIf an agent can't live up to the demands of ideal rationality, fallback norms come into play that take into account the agent's limitations. A familiar human limitation is our tendency to lose information. How should we compensate for this tendency? The Seeping Beauty problem allows us to isolate this question, without the confounding influence of other human limitations. If the coin lands tails, Beauty can't preserve whatever information she has received on Monday: she is bound to violate the norms of ideal diachronic rationality. The considerations that support these norms, however, can still be used. I investigate how Beauty should update her beliefs so as to maximize the expected accuracy of her new beliefs. The investigation draws attention to important but neglected questions about the connection between rational belief and evidential support, about the status of ideal and non‐ideal norms, about the dependence of epistemic norms on descriptive facts, and about the precise formulation of expected accuracy measures. It also sheds light on the puzzle of higher‐order evidence.
A haplotype‐resolved reference genome of Quercus alba sheds light on the evolutionary history of oaks
Authors: Larson Drew A. , Staton Margaret E. , Kapoor Beant , Islam‐Faridi Nurul , Zhebentyayeva Tetyana , Fan Shenghua , Stork Jozsef , Thomas Austin , Ahmed Alaa S. , Stanton Elizabeth C. , Houston Allan , Schlarbaum Scott E. , Hahn Matthew W. , Carlson John E. , Abbott Albert G. , DeBolt Seth , Nelson C. Dana 
Published: February 2025

Summary
White oak (Quercus alba) is an abundant forest tree species across eastern North America that is ecologically, culturally, and economically important.
We report the first haplotype‐resolved chromosome‐scale genome assembly of Q. alba and conduct comparative analyses of genome structure and gene content against other published Fagaceae genomes. We investigate the genetic diversity of this widespread species and the phylogenetic relationships among oaks using whole genome data.
Despite strongly conserved chromosome synteny and genome size across Quercus, certain gene families have undergone rapid changes in size, including defense genes. Unbiased annotation of resistance (R) genes across oaks revealed that the overall number of R genes is similar across species – as are the chromosomal locations of R gene clusters – but, gene number within clusters is more labile. We found that Q. alba has high genetic diversity, much of which predates its divergence from other oaks and likely impacts divergence time estimations. Our phylogenetic results highlight widespread phylogenetic discordance across the genus.
The white oak genome represents a major new resource for studying genome diversity and evolution in Quercus. Additionally, we show that unbiased gene annotation is key to accurately assessing R gene evolution in Quercus.
Exploring Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts in OSCC and OPMDs: Microenvironment Insights. Scoping Review
Authors: Sutera Samuele , Furchì Olga Anna , Pentenero Monica 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Despite progress, the mechanisms behind the TME‐epithelial cell interaction remain unclear. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant cells in the TME, require further study.Material and MethodsWe conducted a scoping review, searching for clinical and vivo studies that discuss the role of CAFs in OSCC and OPMDs progression.ResultsFrom 1152 PubMed results, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. CAFs, identified as αSMA+ cells, interact with the TME and epithelial cells by secreting various molecules. In OSCC, CAF signals contribute to a pro‐tumorigenic environment, and CAF numbers positively correlate with tumor grade, size, stage, aggressiveness, and mortality. While limited data exist on CAFs in OPMDs, they seem linked to malignant transformation risk.DiscussionCAFs are critical in OSCC pathophysiology, but the complex intercellular mechanisms are not fully understood. Currently, CAFs are not part of clinical decision‐making, but emerging evidence suggests they could represent a promising new approach in managing OSCC and OPMDs.ConclusionFuture research should aim to gain a deeper understanding of how CAFs contribute to OSCC progression and their role in OPMDs pathophysiology.
Mitophagy and Its Significance in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Abulaiti Guliqihere , Qin Xu , Chen Lili , Zhu Guangxun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesPeriodontal disease is a common chronic inflammatory condition affecting the tissues that support teeth, leading to their destruction. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy responsible for degrading damaged mitochondria, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, its role in periodontal disease progression remains poorly understood. This review aims to summarize recent research on mitophagy's role in periodontal disease pathogenesis.MethodsA comprehensive literature review on mitophagy was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, employing keywords related to periodontal disease such as “periodontal,” “periodontitis,” “gingiva,” and “gingivitis.”ResultsA review of 18 original studies revealed that mitophagy plays a crucial role in periodontal disease by regulating key pathophysiological mechanisms. Specifically, mitophagy modulates periodontal inflammation by influencing pro‐inflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Additionally, it is essential for alveolar bone remodeling, impacting both bone resorption and regeneration. Mitophagy also regulates cell apoptosis within periodontal tissues, helping to preserve cellular function and tissue integrity during periodontal disease progression.ConclusionsMitophagy regulates periodontal disease pathogenesis by modulating inflammation, bone remodeling, and cell death in periodontal tissues. Further research is needed to explore its therapeutic potential in periodontal disease treatment and improve targeted interventions.
Robot‐Assisted Screw Fixation Combined With Endoscopic Bone Graft in the Minimally Invasive Treatment of Lumbar Spondylolysis: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Zeng Guanjie , Li Zongze , Hou Juedong , Yu Liu , Cui Yuhui , Zhu Yongjian , Yao Ling , Chen Jiarui , Cheng Yongquan , Chen Jianting 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveSpondylolysis, often progressing to spondylolisthesis, commonly defies conservative treatment in refractory cases, indicating a need for surgery. Robot‐assisted techniques may provide a stable and effective minimally invasive approach for the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis. To compare the clinical efficacy between robot‐assisted percutaneous screw fixation combined with endoscopic bone graft and conventional open screw fixation with bone graft in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis.MethodsA cohort study involving 43 individuals with lumbar spondylolysis who underwent surgical treatment was conducted. From January 2022 to June 2023, 20 patients underwent percutaneous screw fixation combined with endoscopic bone graft while 23 patients underwent conventional open screw fixation with bone graft. The demographic data, parameters related to robotic surgery, perioperative indicators, VAS and ODI scores, pedicle screw accuracy, radiographic fusion outcomes, and follow‐up results were systematically recorded, analyzed, and then compared between the two groups. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi‐square tests, and continuous variables were evaluated with t‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests following normality assessment, with statistical significance at p < 0.05.ResultsCompared with the conventional surgery group, the robot‐assisted surgery group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative drainage, shorter hospital stay, less intraoperative fluoroscopy times, and radiation exposure dose (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the duration of the surgery was longer. Postoperative imaging findings showed high screw accuracy in both groups, with a grade A rate of 95% in the robot‐assisted group compared with 91.4% in the conventional open surgery group according to the Gertzbein–Robbins scale. Both groups achieved similar improvements in VAS and ODI during 1‐year follow‐up, and both groups achieved good bone graft fusion (97.5% fusion rate in the robot‐assisted group versus 93.5% in the conventional open surgery group).ConclusionRobot‐assisted screw fixation combined with endoscopic bone graft provides a safe and reliable minimally invasive treatment of lumbar spondylolysis, with high accuracy of pedicle screw implantation and less radiation exposure dose, less intraoperative trauma, and quicker recovery than conventional open surgery.