bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of margins during radical prostatectomy: confocal microscopy vs frozen section analysis
Authors: Musi Gennaro , Mistretta Francesco A. , Ivanova Mariia , de Cobelli Ottavio , Bellin Andrea , Vago Gianluca Gaetano , Pravettoni Gabriella , Pala Oriana , Lepanto Daniela , Bottero Danilo , Piccinelli Mattia Luca , Tallini Matteo , Marvaso Giulia , Ferro Matteo , Petralia Giuseppe , Jereczek‐Fossa Barbara Alicja , Fusco Nicola , Renne Giuseppe , Luzzago Stefano 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo test the performance of ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM; Vivascope 2500M‐G4), as compared to intra‐operative frozen section (IFS) analysis, to evaluate surgical margins during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), with final pathology as the reference standard.MethodsOverall, 54 margins in 45 patients treated with RARP were analysed with: (1) ex vivo FCM; (2) IFS analysis; and (3) final pathology. FCM margins were evaluated by two different pathologists (experienced [M.I.: 10 years] vs highly experienced [G.R.: >30 years]) as strongly negative, probably negative, doubtful, probably positive, or strongly positive. First, inter‐observer agreement (Cohen's κ) between pathologists was tested. Second, we reported the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of ex vivo FCM. Finally, agreement between ex vivo FCM and IFS analysis (Cohen's κ) was reported. For all analyses, four combinations of FCM results were evaluated.ResultsAt ex vivo FCM, the inter‐observer agreement between pathologists ranged from moderate (κ = 0.74) to almost perfect (κ = 0.90), according to the four categories of results. Indeed, at ex vivo FCM, the highly experienced pathologist reached the best balance between sensitivity (70.5%) specificity (91.8%), PPV (80.0%) and NPV (87.1%). Conversely, on IFS analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were, respectively, 88.2% vs 100% vs 100% vs 94.8%. The agreement between the ex vivo FCM and IFS analyses ranged from moderate (κ = 0.62) to strong (κ = 0.86), according to the four categories of results.ConclusionEvaluation of prostate margins at ex vivo FCM appears to be feasible and reliable. The agreement between readers encourages its widespread use in daily practice. Nevertheless, as of today, the performance of FCM seems to be sub‐par when compared to the established standard of care (IFS analysis).
Growth hormone treatment for neurologic symptoms of post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19
Authors: Wright Traver J. , Sheffield‐Moore Melinda , Pyles Richard B. , Randolph Kathleen M. , McGovern Kristen A. , Danesi Christopher P. , Lindsay Sarah E. , Zaidan Mohammed F. , Masel Brent E. , Urban Randall J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFollowing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, some patients develop lingering neurologic symptoms of post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC) that commonly include fatigue and “brain fog.” PASC symptoms are also linked with reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion, but GH treatment has not been tested to relieve symptoms. We enrolled 13 adults with neurologic PASC symptoms and peak stimulated GH secretion less than 10 ng/mL (glucagon stimulation) in a pilot study to receive 9 months of daily GH injections and an additional 3 months of off‐treatment assessment. We compared peak stimulated GH secretion at baseline and 12 months and assessed measures of cognition, metabolism, body composition, and physical performance over the first 6 months of treatment. Patient‐reported outcomes of fatigue, quality of life, sleep, and mood were recorded at baseline and compared with timepoints at 6, 9, and 12 months. GH treatment was associated with significantly improved scores for Brief Fatigue Inventory, Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Quality of Life Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults, Profile of Mood States, and Beck Depression Inventory‐II, with no significant change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Six months of adjunct GH treatment was not associated with significant changes in cognition, body composition, resting energy expenditure, or physical performance. Peak stimulated GH secretion was not altered at 12 months following 9 months of GH treatment. GH treatment significantly improved neurologic symptoms in PASC patients but cognition, sleep, and physical performance were not significantly altered.
Residual and emergent: Good mother ideals in China and the role of cultural values
Authors: Liu Yixuan , Xu Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to explore how different groups of people perceive good mother ideals in China and the cultural and sociodemographic profiles of these groups.BackgroundGood mother ideals have changed over time and become increasingly complex. The prevalence of intensive mothering has been supported mainly by media representation research and dominated by Western‐focused studies. How tensions between Confucianism and neoliberalism alter the good mother ideas in contemporary China requires further investigation.MethodFirst, we used an open‐ended survey to collect good mother attributes. Then, we conducted a latent profile analysis with an online survey (N = 449) to divide people into subgroups according to their latent perception structures. Later, we ran multinominal logistic regressions to explore whether cultural values and sociodemographic variables can predict group membership.ResultsCollected attributes (N = 1,162) were organized into five categories: neutrality (37.87%), femininity (25.39%), motherhood (11.53%), family responsibilities (6.71%), and childcare responsibilities (18.5%). Moreover, we identified three groups holding different motherhood beliefs: Whatever, Average, and Perfectionist. Young people had higher odds to be in the Whatever group and held more flexible good mother ideals, and married women were 6.69 times more likely to be in the Perfectionist group than single men. Our findings also indicated that people in the Perfectionist group scored higher on attitudes toward family and Asian values.ConclusionOur research suggested that researchers must distinguish between dominant motherhood representation and lay perceptions of motherhood as well as pay attention to the cultural sensitivity of good mother ideals.
Overarching Priorities for Health and Care Research in the United Kingdom: A Coproduced Synthesis of James Lind Alliance ‘Top 10s’
Authors: Crocker Joanna C. , Moore Lucy , Ogden Margaret , Crowe Sally , Khan Maaz , Schoemaker Casper , Roy Noémi B. A. , Taylor Mark , Gronlund Toto , Bueser Teofila , Tatum Madeline , Davies Benjamin , Finlay Teresa 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionJames Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnerships (PSPs) produce ‘Top 10’ lists of health and care research priorities through a structured, shared decision‐making process with patients or service users, carers and health or care professionals who identify questions that are most important to them. To date, over 150 PSPs in different areas of health and care have published research priorities. Some PSPs share similar priorities, which could be combined, promoted and addressed through collaborative research to increase value and reduce research waste.AimThe aim of this study was to identify overarching themes common to JLA PSP priorities across different areas of health and care.MethodsOur analysis included ‘Top 10’ research priorities produced by UK‐based JLA PSPs between 2016 and 2020. The priorities were coded deductively by the Health Research Classification System (HRCS) health category and research activity. We then carried out online workshops with patients, service users and carers to generate new codes not already captured by this framework. Within each code, multistakeholder inductive thematic analysis was used to identify overarching themes, defined as encompassing priorities from three or more PSPs covering two or more health categories. We used codesign methods to produce an interactive tool for end users to navigate the overarching themes.ResultsFive hundred and fifteen research priorities from 51 PSPs were included in our analysis. The priorities together encompassed 20 of 21 HRCS health categories, the most common being ‘generic health relevance’ (22%), ‘mental health’ (18%) and ‘musculoskeletal’ (14%). We identified 89 overarching themes and subthemes, which we organised into a hierarchy with seven top‐level themes: quality of life, caregivers and families, causes and prevention, screening and diagnosis, treatment and management, services and systems and social influences and impacts.ConclusionThere are many overarching themes common to research priorities across multiple areas of health and care. To facilitate new research and research funding, we have developed an interactive tool to help researchers, funders and patients or service users to explore these priority topics. This is freely available to download online.Patient or Public ContributionPatients or service users and carers were involved throughout the study, including deciding the aims, designing the study, analysing priorities to identify themes, interpreting and reporting the findings.
Coproducing Health Information Materials With Young People: Reflections and Lessons Learned
Authors: Faux‐Nightingale Alice , Somayajula Glenys , Bradbury Charlotte , Bray Lucy , Burton Claire , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Gardner Aaliyah , Griffin Alex , Twohig Helen , Welsh Victoria 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis paper describes and critically reflects on how children and young people (CYP) acted as public advisors to coproduce health information materials about Long Covid for younger audiences. This work was underpinned by the Lundy model, a framework which provides guidance on facilitating CYP to actively contribute to matters which affect them.MethodsCoproduction activity sessions took place with CYP in schools as well as video conferences with a CYP stakeholder group and CYP with Long Covid. Activities encouraged CYP to focus on the content, format, and design of materials and used problem‐based and collaborative learning to encourage engagement with the project. Using a range of methods and open discussion, CYP codesigned a series of Long Covid health information materials for younger audiences.ResultsSixty‐six CYP (aged 10–18), and two young adults were involved. CYP codesigned specifications for the final materials and provided feedback on early designs. The project led to the development of a series of health information materials targeted at CYP: a short social media campaign with six short videos and a 12‐page illustrated leaflet about Long Covid; released on social media and distributed in local area. All the CYP were positive about the project and their involvement.DiscussionInvolving CYP led to the development of innovative and engaging information materials (influence). Developing rapport was important when working with CYP and this was facilitated by using approaches and activities to establish an environment (space) where the CYP felt comfortable sharing their views (voice) and being listened to (audience) by the adults in the project. Working with external groups who are willing to share their expertise can help the meaningful involvement of voices ‘less heard’.Public ContributionOne CYP coapplicant contributed to the project design and facilitation of PPIE sessions, 64 CYP were involved in the PPIE sessions to design and feedback on materials. Two young adult media producers worked with CYP to produce these materials, another CYP supported this process. Three public contributors were involved in the preparation of this manuscript.
Health Literacy Levels of Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Their Parents
Authors: Doğan Yahya , Karaca Nur Banu , Buran Sinan , Atabey Gerlegiz Ege Nur , Aliyev Emil , Bayındır Yağmur , Bilginer Yelda , Ünal Edibe , Özen Seza 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between the health literacy (HL) levels of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and their parents, and the general health status and physical performance of the children.MethodsThis study included 79 children aged 9–18 years with a diagnosis of JIA and one of their parents. HL levels were evaluated with the Turkish version of the Health Literacy for School‐Aged Children and Turkish Health Literacy‐32 (THL‐32) for children and Adult Health Literacy Scale (AHLS) for their parents. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), 6‐minute walk test (6‐MWT), 10‐meter walking test (10‐MWT) and 10‐stair climbing test (10‐SCT) was used to evaluate the children. Juvenile Arthritis Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (JAB‐Q) was used to assess the children's and parents' psychosocial status and perception of health.ResultsHL levels of patients with JIA were 16.5% low HL, %55.7 moderate HL and 27.8% high HL. According to THL‐32 scale score, HL level of parents were as follows: inadequate, 3.8%; problematic, 22.8%; sufficient, 34.2%; and excellent, 39.2%. Children's HL levels increase positively as they get older, and no significant relationship was found with other parameters. The AHLS, CHAQ and JAB‐Q scores were better in the group with higher education levels of the parents. No statistically significant association was found between the HL of the children and that of the parents.ConclusionIn our study, it was found that the high education levels of the parents positively affected the quality of life and physical condition of their children and parental HL levels. In addition, it was shown that the HL levels of children with JIA were not statistically related to other parameters.Patient or Public ContributionChildren diagnosed with JIA and one of their parents actively participated in the study. Feedback from children and families provided important information about obtaining and using HL information before and during the study. The importance of therapy programs and information focusing on the patient and their family, as well as the inter‐multidisciplinary approach, in combating a chronic disease at an early age was reinforced by the feedback received from patients and their families.
The Lived Experience of Informal Caregivers of People Who Have Severe Mental Illness and Coexisting Long‐Term Conditions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Carswell C. , Brown J. V. E. , Shiers D. , Ajjan R. , Balogun‐Katung A. , Bellass S. , Holt R. I. G. , Jacobs R. , Kellar I. , Lewisohn C. , Lister J. , Siddiqi N. , Sidorova I. , Coventry P. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) experience higher rates and poorer outcomes of physical long‐term conditions (LTCs). The management of SMI and LTCs is highly complex and many people with SMI rely on informal carers for support, which may lead to high levels of caregiver burden, and caregiver burnout. Caregiver burnout can result in poor health outcomes for informal carers and a reduction in the quality of care they are able to provide. Therefore, it is important to understand the caring experience to identify and address factors that contribute to burden and burnout.MethodsThis paper reports a secondary qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews and focus groups conducted with informal carers of people who have coexisting SMI and LTCs. We recruited 12 informal carers in England between December 2018 and April 2019. The transcripts were coded and analysed thematically.ResultsWe identified two overarching themes and five subthemes. The themes included ‘Fighting on all fronts: Mounting strain between demands and resources’, which described the challenge of providing care in the context of coexisting SMI and LTCs, and ‘Safekeeping: The necessity of chronic hypervigilance’, which captured how informal carers' roles were defined by managing high‐risk situations, leading to hypervigilance and paternalistic approaches to care.ConclusionThe experience of informal carers for people with SMI and coexisting LTCs is marked by limited access to support and the management of significant risk, which could contribute to high caregiver burden. Further primary research is needed to understand how the experiences of the caregiver role for people with SMI and LTCs influence caregiver burden.Patient or Public ContributionOur PPI panel DIAMONDS Voice provided guidance on this study from conception, design and development of interview guides and recruitment materials to final write‐up. DIAMONDS Voice consists of service users and carers who have experience of SMI and LTCs. Three carer members reviewed the final manuscript, and two are credited as authors.
Preparation of jointed composites with interconnected SiC nanowires network for nuclear SiC fiber reinforced SiC composites
Authors: Ren Meihan , You Xiao , Xiao Mengli , Luo Han , Xue Yudong , Liao Chunjing , Zhou Haijun , Yang Jinshan , Zhang Xiangyu , Dong Shaoming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe reliable jointing of SiCf/SiC is considered to be a key factor limiting the application in the field of nuclear cladding. In this work, a jointing layer with interconnected SiC nanowires (SiCNWs) toughening network is prepared by a typical two‐step routine. The high‐viscosity slurry containing the precursor is pyrolyzed to form a porous SiC‐based jointing layer, which is then densified by chemical vapor infiltration. Besides, SiC powders are introduced into the slurry to further increase the density of the jointing layer. The homogeneous SiC jointing material enables the strength and effectively avoids the mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficient of the jointing layer and SiCf/SiC composites, and the apparent shear strength of the jointing specimen reaches 7.211 MPa. It is found that the joint with SiCNWs shows better shear strength than the joint without SiCNWs, and the improved mechanical properties could be attributed to the pull‐out and bridging of SiCNWs.
Corrosion behavior of (Cr2/3Ti1/3)3AlC2 and Ti3AlC2 in static liquid lead–bismuth eutectic
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Ren Yan , Xu Jingjun , Gai Xin , Li Yang , Ma Ke , Zhao Ke , Li Xingchao , Li Tongqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCorrosion behavior of (Cr2/3Ti1/3)3AlC2 and Ti3AlC2 in static oxygen‐saturated liquid lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 550°C and (Cr2/3Ti1/3)3AlC2 in static oxygen‐depleted LBE at 500°C were investigated. In oxygen‐saturated corrosion, the loose and porous corrosion layer consisting of (PbTiO3 + TiO2) was generated on the surface of Ti3AlC2. In contrast, (Cr2/3Ti1/3)3AlC2 formed the protective Cr2O3 layer with better corrosion resistance. Moreover, dissolution corrosion of (Cr2/3Ti1/3)3AlC2 in oxygen‐depleted corrosion was intensified without a protective oxide film. And impurity phase TiC on the surface also caused the decomposition of matrix, thus impairing corrosion resistance.
Exploring textural, solubility and rheological characteristics of high‐moisture extruded meat analogues: effects of wheat gluten and rice protein incorporation in pea protein isolate and feed moisture levels
Authors: Dubey Aishwary , Mateen Abdul , Singh Narpinder 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis research explores the development of high‐moisture meat analogues (HMMA) by blending wheat gluten (WG) and rice protein (RP) with pea protein isolate (PPI) in a twin‐screw extruder under high‐moisture extrusion conditions. The study investigates the effects of incorporating RP and WG with PPI on textural, rheological and colour properties, as well as the underlying protein–protein interactions through protein solubility. From the compositional analysis of these secondary ingredients, there was no significant difference between them. However, results from the extrusion indicated that WG‐PPI showed good fibration and higher instrumental anisotropy than RP‐PPI blend extrudates. RP‐PPI blends exhibit inferior textural and rheological properties, attributed to RP's limited crosslinking ability within the protein matrix. This has resulted in a poor structure and lower textural values at higher incorporation of RP (50%) in the pea protein matrix. This was due to the insoluble protein fraction of the RP resulting in a non‐melting in the extrusion barrel. These findings underscore the importance of understanding protein interactions in developing optimised HMMA formulations, paving the way for further exploration into developing modified RP with improved physiochemical properties which can be integrated into meat analogues.
Colour stability improving of yellowfin tuna slices by compound antioxidant against oxidation of myoglobin
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Shengbo , Xu Yanshun , Jiang Qixing , Xia Wenshui 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBrown stain is a major problem for tuna during storage. This study aimed to investigate the impact of antioxidants on myoglobin oxidation and the promotion of metmyoglobin (MetMb) reduction in tuna slices. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the formula of the compound antioxidant in yellowfin tuna (YFT) slices, with the percentage of MetMb as the response value. The ratios of ε‐polylysine, sodium lactate and D‐sodium ascorbate were 0.43%, 2.21% and 2.71%, respectively. The interactions between sodium lactate and D‐sodium ascorbate had a greater impact on the percentage of MetMb. Then, verification experiments were conducted, and the results revealed that the samples treated with compound antioxidants had higher a* values, total sulfhydryl content, Ca2+‐ATPase activity, total reducing activity (TRA) and MetMb‐reducing activity (MRA) and lower percentages of MetMb and carbonyl contents than did the control samples. It also helps to maintain the stability of the NADH/NAD+ ratio, which contributes to facilitating MetMb reduction. The results showed that the compound antioxidant significantly inhibited myoglobin oxidation, promoted the reduction of MetMb in tuna slices and significantly enhanced the myoglobin stability of refrigerated YFT slices.
Deciphering the role of fruit maturity, calcium and freezing on the nutritional and textural attributes of crisps from red guava
Authors: Yadav Brijesh Kumar , Rudra Shalini Gaur , Joshi Alka , Bhowmik Arpan , Goswami Amit Kumar , Bhardwaj Rakesh , Pal Priya 
Published: June 2024

SummaryGuava (Psidiumguajava L.), being highly nutritious possesses commercial importance in the tropical and subtropical region of the world. The climacteric guava, however, records highest postharvest loss and needs to be processed for higher shelf life and utility. This study entails evaluation of fruit maturity stage and prior freezing for development of calcium enriched guava crisps through atmospheric frying. The sliced fruits (of three maturity stages) were subjected to vacuum impregnation to infuse maltodextrin, salt, ascorbic acid and calcium lactate. Fracturability and crispness was significantly affected by fruit maturity, freezing pre‐treatment and calcium impregnation. Freezing pre‐treatment enhanced the texture, decreased toughness and gave superior crisps with crunchy mouthfeel. While browning increased due to freezing pre‐treatment, calcium impregnation led to decreased browning. More than 15‐fold increase in the calcium content of crisps was realised upon 1% calcium lactate impregnation. The average ascorbic acid and lycopene retention in the crisps was 36.18 and 37.58%, respectively. Mature guava showed highest lycopene retention (43.07%) in crisps. Based on MANOVA analysis, all the main effects, two factor interaction and three factor interaction were statistically significant at 1% level. The first three PCs could explain 73.64% variation in data. The highest ascorbic acid retention, crispiness and sensory scores were recorded for crisps from ripe stage of guava fruits given freezing and calcium infusion pre‐treatments. Thus, ripe guava fruits could be converted to shelf stable and attractive crisps, which would provide essential nutrients and potential health benefits, ensuring off‐season availability of perishable guava in the form of crisps.