bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inland aeolian deposits of south‐west France: facies, stratigraphy and chronology
Authors: Bertran Pascal , Bateman Mark D. , Hernandez Marion , Mercier Norbert , Millet Dominique , Sitzia Luca , Tastet Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2011

AbstractArchaeological investigations undertaken along a proposed highway together with the compilation of available geological and pedological data made it possible to give a first overview of the distribution of Pleistocene aeolian deposits in south‐west France. A chronological framework for deposition has been obtained using both radiocarbon (n = 24) and luminescence (n = 26) dating. It shows that aeolian transport was very active during the Late Pleniglacial, between 15 and ∼23 ka, leading to sand emplacement over a 13 000‐m2 area at the centre of the basin. The Pleniglacial coversands are typified by extensive fields of small transverse to barchanoid ridges giving way to sandsheets to the east. Subsequent aeolian phases, at ca. 12 ka (Younger Dryas) and 0.8–0.2 ka (Little Ice Age), correspond to the formation of more localized and higher, mainly parabolic dunes. At the southern and eastern margins of the coversand area, aeolian dust accumulated to form loess deposits, the thickness of which reaches ∼3 m on the plateaus. Luminescence dates together with interglacial‐ranking palaeoluvisols between the loess units clearly indicate that these accumulations built up during the last two glacial–interglacial cycles. The chronology of sand and loess deposition thus appears to be consistent with that already documented for northern Europe. This suggests that it was driven by global climate changes in the northern hemisphere. The relatively thin aeolian deposits (and particularly loess) in south‐west France is thought to reflect both a supply‐limited system and a moister climate than in more northern and continental regions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective determination of famoxadone enantiomers with HPLC‐MS/MS and evaluation of their dissipation process in spinach
Authors: Qian Mingrong , Wu Liqin , Zhang Hu , Wang Jingwen , Li Rui , Wang Xiangyun , Chen Zhimin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA simple and enantioselective method for the determination of famoxadone enantiomers in spinach using reversed‐phase HPLC‐MS/MS is presented. Famoxadone residues in spinach were extracted with acetonitrile and an aliquot was cleaned up with PSA (primary and secondary amine, Si‐(CH2)3‐NH‐(CH2)2‐NH2) and C18 sorbent, which were powder material. Chiral stationary phase (CSP), cellulose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate), was successfully applied to separate two enantiomers using methanol/formic acid–ammonium acetate buffer as mobile phase. The MS/MS fragmentation pathway of ammonium adduct famoxadone molecules ion at m/z 392 was analyzed and an odd electron fragment ion at m/z 238 was observed. Excellent linearity was achieved for each enantiomer over a range of concentrations from 0.5 to 1500 μg/L with coefficients more than 0.99. Average recoveries at five different levels (1, 2.5, 12.5, 250 and 1250 μg/kg, for each enantiomer) ranged from 80.8 to 96.5% with RSD of 4.8–13.4%. The famoxadone enantiomers LODs in spinach were determined to be both 0.3 μg/kg with LOQs of 1 μg/kg. Based on this method, the dissipation process of famoxadone enantiomers in spinach under open field and greenhouse conditions was characterized, providing guidance to the proper and safe use of this fungicide in agriculture.
LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE ANALYSIS AND ITS IMPACT ON SOIL PROPERTIES IN THE NORTHERN PART OF GADARIF REGION, SUDAN
Authors: Biro K. , Pradhan B. , Buchroithner M. , Makeschin F. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTSeveral decades of intensive dry land farming in the Gadarif region, located in the Eastern part of Sudan, has led to rapid land use/land cover (LULC) changes mainly due to agricultural expansion, government policies and environmental calamities such as drought. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse and monitor the LULC changes using multi‐temporal Landsat data for the years 1979, 1989 and 1999 and ASTER data for the year 2009. In addition, efforts were made to discuss the impact of LULC changes on the selected soil properties. For this, a post‐classification comparison technique was used to detect LULC changes from satellite images. Primarily, three main LULC types were selected to investigate the properties of soil, namely, cultivated land, fallow land and woodland. Moreover, soil samples were also collected at two depths of surface soil from ten sample plots for each of the LULC type. For these soil samples, various soil properties such as texture, bulk density, organic matter, soil pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, phosphorous and potassium were analysed. The results showed that a significant and extensive change of LULC patterns has occurred in the last three decades in the study area. Further, laboratory tests revealed that soil properties were significantly affected by these LULC changes. The change of the physical and chemical properties of the soil may have attributed to the changes in the LULC resulting in land degradation, which in turn has led to a decline in soil productivity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantum modelling of electro‐optic modulators
Authors: Capmany J. , Fernández‐Pousa C.R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMany components that are employed in quantum information and communication systems are well known photonic devices encountered in standard optical fiber communication systems, such as optical beamsplitters, waveguide couplers and junctions, electro‐optic modulators and optical fiber links. The use of these photonic devices is becoming increasingly important especially in the context of their possible integration either in a specifically designed system or in an already deployed end‐to‐end fiber link. Whereas the behavior of these devices is well known under the classical regime, in some cases their operation under quantum conditions is less well understood. This paper reviews the salient features of the quantum scattering theory describing both the operation of the electro‐optic phase and amplitude modulators in discrete and continuous‐mode formalisms. This subject is timely and of importance in light of the increasing utilization of these devices in a variety of systems, including quantum key distribution and single‐photon wavepacket measurement and conformation. In addition, the paper includes a tutorial development of the use of these models in selected but yet important applications, such as single and multitone modulation of photons, two‐photon interference with phase‐modulated light or the description of amplitude modulation as a quantum operation.
Interplanetary laser communications and precision ranging
Authors: Hemmati H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFuture interplanetary missions, including robotic probes and human travel, will require significantly enhanced communications bandwidth that will be difficult to realize with current radio/microwave frequency links. Besides satisfying this requirement, optical (laser) communications has the potential for substantially lowering mass, power, and volume burden on the host spacecraft; is free from spectrum allocation issues; and can potentially support tracking functions resulting in improved spacecraft navigation. Primary challenges of optical communications include precision laser beam pointing over the huge planetary range, inefficiency of laser transmitters, quantum noise limited detection, especially in presence of additive background during periods of near Sun pointing, atmospheric degradation due to attenuation and turbulence and weather outages. This paper will briefly review the status of technologies that have been devised to meet these challenges and system‐level developments for bi‐directional telecommunications and ranging to distant probes.
Photonic engineering of surface‐emitting terahertz quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Mahler L. , Tredicucci A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractVarious resonators for surface emission are reviewed that have recently been developed to improve radiative‐ and collection‐efficiencies of terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCL). While the fabrication of waveguides for long wavelengths is challenging in terms of molecular beam epitaxy, long wavelengths also provide a wonderful testbed for new photonics structure concepts, since these can be easily produced by conventional optical lithography because of the typically large size of the required features. This led to novel geometries, like one‐ and two‐dimensional non‐periodic photonic crystals, or circular gratings for microdisk‐ and ring‐lasers, which are all implemented by simply patterning the top metal cladding of a metal‐metal waveguide. The modeling of such resonators with the finite element method is also described, highlighting the importance of this tool for the engineering of surface losses and far‐field patterns.
Determination of drugs and drug‐like compounds in different samples with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry
Authors: Chernetsova Elena S. , Morlock Gertrud E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDirect analysis in real time (DART), a relatively new ionization source for mass spectrometry, ionizes small‐molecule components from different kinds of samples without any sample preparation and chromatographic separation. The current paper reviews the published data available on the determination of drugs and drug‐like compounds in different matrices with DART‐MS, including identification and quantitation issues. Parameters that affect ionization efficiency and mass spectra composition are also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:875–883, 2011
Contralateral C7 nerve root transfer in treatment of cerebral palsy in a child: Case report
Authors: Xu Wen‐Dong , Hua Xu‐Yun , Zheng Mou‐Xiong , Xu Jian‐Guang , Gu Yu‐Dong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA 4‐year‐old girl who sustained the hemiplegic cerebral palsy and subsequent spasticity in the left upper extremity underwent the C7 nerve root rhizotomy and the contralateral C7 nerve root transfer to the ipsilateral middle trunk of brachial plexus through an interpositional sural nerve graft. In a 2‐year follow‐up, the results showed a reduction in spasticity and an improvement in extension power of the elbow, the wrist, and the second to fifth fingers. Scores from both Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test and Modified Ashworth Scale tests had been significantly improved during follow‐up. The outcomes from this case provided the evidence that combined the C7 nerve root rhizotomy and contralateral healthy C7 nerve root transfer to the ipsilateral middle trunk of brachial plexus not only partially released flexional spasticity but also strengthened extension power of the spastic upper extremity in children with the cerebral palsy. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Autonomization of epigastric flaps in rats
Authors: Mücke Thomas‐ , Borgmann Anna , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Günzinger Ralf , Nöbauer Christian , Lange Rüdiger , Slotta‐Huspenina Julia , Hölzle Frank , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe question of how long a flap depends on its pedicle cannot be answered clearly from the available literature. To address this, we investigated the time to flap autonomization in the wound bed and the length of time to the point when flap necrosis is reduced to a clinically negligible level. The superficial epigastric flap was raised in 24 rats. After 3, 5, 7, or 10 days of wound healing, the pedicle was again exposed, ligated, and divided. Values of blood flow (flow), velocity (velocity), hemoglobin level (Hb), and oxygen saturation (SO2) were noninvasively measured using Laser spectrophotometry. The area of necrosis of the flap was 62.77 ± 1.71% after 3 days, 16.26 ± 0.86% after 5 days, 2.88 ± 0.14% after 7 days, and 1.64 ± 0.16% after 10 days (P < 0.001). Hb, flow, and velocity were found to be significant factors on developing flap necrosis at the preoperative and postoperative time point (P < 0.0001), whereas SO2 and flow were significant predictors of necrosis at the time of pedicle ligation (P < 0.0001). The percentage changes of SO2 (P < 0.0001), flow (P < 0.0001), and velocity (P = 0.001) between the different time points were significant predictors of flap necrosis. The time needed for the complete autonomization of vascularized free flaps in their wound beds has been found as completed between the 5th and 7th day postoperatively in this rat model. The area of flap necrosis depends on the present value of SO2, Hb, flow, and velocity at different time points, but, more importantly, also on the perioperative change of these parameters. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
An in vivo engineered nerve conduit—fabrication and experimental study in rats
Authors: Penna Vincenzo , Munder Beatrix , Stark G.‐Bjoern , Lang Eva M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Several types of nerve conduits have been used for peripheral nerve gap bridging. This study investigated the in vivo engineering of a biological nerve conduit and its suitability for nerve gap bridging.Material and methods:A 19‐mm long polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube was implanted parallely to the sciatic nerve. After implantation, a connective tissue cover developed around the PVC‐tube, the so‐called biogenic conduit. Histological cross‐sections were performed after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Wall thicknesses were measured and all vessels per cross‐section were counted. The biogenic conduit filled with fibrin was used to bridge a 15‐mm long nerve gap in the sciatic lesion model of the rat (n = 8). The results of nerve repair with the conduit were compared to the autologous nerve graft (n = 8). Sciatic functional index (SFI), nerve area, axon count, myelination index, and ratio of total myelinated fiber area/nerve area (N‐ratio) were analyzed after 4 weeks.Results:The wall thickness of biogenic conduits increased over the 4 weeks implantation time. Biogenic conduits revealed highest number of vessels per cross‐section after 4 weeks. The results of SFI analysis did not show significant difference between the repairs with biogenic conduit and autologous nerve graft. Nerve area and axon count in the biogenic conduit group were significantly lower than in the autologous nerve group (P < 0.001). The biogenic conduit group showed significant higher myelination values, but lower N‐ratio when compared to the nerve graft group (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The in vivo engineered conduits allow nerve gap bridging of 15 mm. However, quality of regeneration after 4 weeks observation time is not comparable to autologous nerve grafts. Whether biogenic conduits might be a suitable alternative to artificial and biological conduits for gap bridging will have to be evaluated in further studies. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Is the sensitivity of skin‐sparing mastectomy or nipple‐sparing mastectomy superior to conventional mastectomy with innervated flap?
Authors: Mori Hiroki , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate sensory recovery in 33 patients who underwent conventional mastectomy, skin‐sparing mastectomy, or nipple‐sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction using abdominal flaps. Reconstructions included a pedicled transverse (28 cases) or vertical (five cases) rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. Sensory reconstruction was performed in 15 cases by neurorrhaphy using intercostal nerve. Patients were classified into six groups according to type of mastectomy and use of neurorrhaphy. Sensory recovery was estimated by touch, pain, and hot and cold sensation at the nipple, areola, and 4 points at a distance of 2 cm from the areolar circumference. For touch sensation, conventional mastectomy with innervated flap provided greater sensitivity than the other groups (P < 0.05). For pain sensation, conventional mastectomy with innervated flap provided greater sensitivity than the other groups (P< 0.05). In terms of short‐term postoperative sensitivity, skin‐ and nipple‐sparing mastectomies with abdominal flap appear inferior to conventional mastectomy with innervated abdominal flap. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Electrophysiological testing of spinal accessory nerve in suspected cases of nerve transection
Authors: Laughlin Ruple S. , Spinner Robert J. , Daube Jasper R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroduction:In this study we sought to determine whether standard electrophysiological testing of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) accurately identifies patients who would benefit from surgical repair.Methods:Sixteen consecutive patients sent for surgical evaluation of unilateral SAN injury were studied clinically and electrophysiologically.Results:All patients demonstrated a low‐amplitude SAN compound muscle action potential (CMAP) that required a higher stimulus intensity to obtain it than on the unaffected side. Upper trapezius needle electromyography showed dense fibrillation potentials in 16 of 16 nerves, with voluntary motor unit potentials (MUPs) in 5 of 16. Intraoperatively, 12 of 16 nerves were transected; 4 of 16 had neuromas across which there was no nerve action potential. Patients underwent direct repair (6 of 16) or interpositional nerve grafting (10 of 16). Fourteen of 15 patients seen postoperatively had improvement in pain, muscle bulk, and range of motion.Conclusions:Surgical exploration of the SAN is warranted in patients with clinical signs of severe injury, even when electrophysiological testing shows low‐amplitude CMAPs and/or residual MUPs. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Enzyme replacement therapy induces T‐cell responses in late‐onset Pompe disease
Authors: Banati Miklos , Hosszu Zsolt , Trauninger Anita , Szereday Laszlo , Illes Zsolt 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in ultra‐orphan Pompe disease generates anti‐rhGAA antibodies, which may interfere with efficacy.Methods:rhGAA‐specific T‐cell responses were examined at different time‐points in 6 Hungarian patients treated with rhGAA and compared with 1 untreated patient and 5 healthy controls.Results:The ex vivo percentage of activated T cells was increased in treated patients. rhGAA stimulation in vitro generated a dose‐dependent increase in intracellular interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Isolated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produced increased amounts of IFN‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in half of the patients after in vitro stimulation with rhGAA, whereas interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐6, and IL‐17 levels were not elevated. Expression of cytotoxic FasL and perforin molecules by natural killer (NK), NKT‐like, and CD8+ T cells were not increased ex vivo.Conclusions:We found that enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) induces pro‐inflammatory T‐cell responses in addition to the antibody response in Pompe disease. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Risk of hematoma following needle electromyography of the paraspinal muscles
Authors: Gertken Jon T. , Hunt Christopher H. , Chinea Nataly I. Montes , Morris Jonathan M. , Sorenson Eric J. , Boon Andrea J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish the incidence of MRI‐detectable hematomas following paraspinal EMG. We provide a retrospective review of patients who underwent paraspinal EMG and subsequent concordant level spine MRI. A total of 370 charts (431 MRIs) met the inclusion criteria. No paraspinal hematomas were observed. These results should further the development of evidence‐based guidelines for patients who have greater‐than‐normal bleeding risk and support the notion that paraspinal EMG is a relatively safe procedure. Muscle Nerve 44: 439–440, 2011
Improving stability domains of the implicit higher order accuracy method
Authors: Rezaiee‐Pajand M. , Sarafrazi S. R. , Hashemian M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe implicit higher order accuracy (IHOA) time integration family has a high order of accuracy. However, its stability domains are very restrictive. By improving the stability conditions, the larger time steps can be utilized. In this study, two parameters are introduced in the displacement and velocity extrapolations of IHOA. In order to find the optimum values of the proposed parameters, the dissipation and the dispersion are investigated. Three conditionally stable versions of the second‐, third‐, and forth‐order algorithms are found. It is shown that these formulations have larger stability domains than the previous ones. Furthermore, the suggested strategies give responses that are more accurate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ribosomal protein RPL41 induces rapid degradation of ATF4, a transcription factor critical for tumour cell survival in stress
Authors: Wang Aiyuan , Xu Shengqiang , Zhang Xiaoxian , He Jie , Yan Donghui , Yang Zhangmin , Xiao Sheng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBy activating protective pathways, tumour cells are not only capable of survival in stress, but often associated with increased aggressiveness and metastasis. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a major coordinator of tumour cell survival in stress and is commonly overexpressed in tumours. Numerous studies suggested that the ATF4 is a potential therapeutic target for cancer. In this report, we describe that a small ribosomal peptide, RPL41, induced rapid ATF4 degradation. By immunofluorescence staining, RPL41 induced ATF4 relocation from nuclei to cytoplasm, where ATF4 co‐stained with a proteasome marker; the RPL41‐induced ATF4 relocation and degradation were blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. An in vivo phosphorylation study showed that RPL41 induced ATF4 phosphorylation and serine 219 of ATF4 was essential for RPL41‐induced ATF4 degradation. Cells with RPL41 knockdown had significantly increased ATF4, suggesting that RPL41 could play a physiological role in regulating the cellular ATF4 level. RPL41 was capable of inducing tumour cell death and cell cycle arrest; at low dose, RPL41 sensitized tumour cells A549 to the DNA damage agent cisplatin. These studies suggest that RPL41, a small peptide that is chemically synthesizable and capable of self‐cell penetration, may have potential as an anti‐ATF4 agent for cancer therapy. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.