bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neuro/PsyGRID calibration experiment
Authors: Suckling John , Barnes Anna , Job Dominic , Brennan David , Lymer Katherine , Dazzan Paola , Marques Tiago Reis , MacKay Clare , McKie Shane , Williams Steve R. , Williams Steven C.R. , Deakin Bill , Lawrie Stephen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCalibration experiments precede multicenter trials to identify potential sources of variance and bias. In support of future imaging studies of mental health disorders and their treatment, the Neuro/PsyGRID consortium commissioned a calibration experiment to acquire functional and structural MRI from twelve healthy volunteers attending five centers on two occasions. Measures were derived of task activation from a working memory paradigm, fractal scaling (Hurst exponent) from resting fMRI, and grey matter distributions from T1‐weighted sequences. At each intracerebral voxel a fixed‐effects analysis of variance estimated components of variance corresponding to factors of center, subject, occasion, and within‐occasion order, and interactions of center‐by‐occasion, subject‐by‐occasion, and center‐by‐subject, the latter (since there is no intervention) a surrogate of the expected variance of the treatment effect standard error across centers. A rank order test of between‐center differences was indicative of crossover or noncrossover subject‐by‐center interactions. In general, factors of center, subject and error variance constituted >90% of the total variance, whereas occasion, order, and all interactions were generally <5%. Subject was the primary source of variance (70%–80%) for grey‐matter, with error variance the dominant component for fMRI‐derived measures. Spatially, variance was broadly homogenous with the exception of fractal scaling measures which delineated white matter, related to the flip angle of the EPI sequence. Maps of P values for the associated F‐tests were also derived. Rank tests were highly significant indicating the order of measures across centers was preserved. In summary, center effects should be modeled at the voxel‐level using existing and long‐standing statistical recommendations. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The temporal effect of training utility perceptions on adopting a trained method: The role of perceived organizational support
Authors: Madera Juan M. , Steele Stacey T. , Beier Margaret 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe current study examined the temporal effect of perceived training utility on adoption of a trained method and how perceived organizational support influences the relationship between perceived training utility perceptions and adoption of a trained method. With the use of a correlational‐survey–based design, this longitudinal study required participants to complete questionnaires immediately after training and 6 months posttraining. The results showed that perceived organizational support interacted with the immediate posttraining utility perceptions, such that regardless of whether trainees' initial utility perception was low or high, trainees' perceptions of training utility measured 6 months posttraining were high when there was a high level of organizational support. Training utility perceptions measured 6 months posttraining mediated the relationship between initial utility perceptions and organizational support and training adoption.
D‐4F, an apoA‐I mimetic peptide, inhibits proliferation and tumorigenicity of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by upregulating the antioxidant enzyme MnSOD
Authors: Ganapathy Ekambaram , Su Feng , Meriwether David , Devarajan Asokan , Grijalva Victor , Gao Feng , Chattopadhyay Arnab , Anantharamaiah G.M. , Navab Mohamad , Fogelman Alan M. , Reddy Srinivasa T. , Farias‐Eisner Robin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe recently reported that apoA‐I and apoA‐I mimetic peptides prevent the development of flank tumors in immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice. To delineate the mechanism(s) of action of apoA‐I mimetic peptides in tumor development, we examined the effect of D‐4F (an apoA‐I mimetic peptide) on the antioxidant status and on the gene expression and function of antioxidant enzymes in ID8 cells (a mouse epithelial ovarian cancer cell line) and in a mouse model. We demonstrate that D‐4F treatment significantly reduces the viability and proliferation of ID8 cells, with a concomitant improvement of the antioxidant status of ID8 cells as measured by lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide levels. D‐4F treatment induces MnSOD (but not CuZnSOD) mRNA, protein, and activity. Inhibition of MnSOD in ID8 cells using shRNA vectors abrogates the inhibitory effects of D‐4F on ID8 cell viability and proliferation. Moreover, tumor development from ID8 cells carrying shRNA for MnSOD were unaffected by D‐4F treatment. Our results suggest that the inhibitory effects of D‐4F on ID8 cell proliferation and tumor development are mediated, at least in part, by the induced expression and activity of MnSOD.
The effects of cadmium on VEGF‐mediated angiogenesis in HUVECs
Authors: Kim Jisun , Lim Wonbong , Ko Youngjong , Kwon HyukIl , Kim Sangwoo , Kim Oksu , Park Gyeongju , Choi Hongran , Kim Okjoon 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTCadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element that causes morphologic alterations and dysfunction in blood vessels. The altered vascular function caused by cadmium has been implicated in a range of chronic diseases, including hypertension. The effects of cadmium are a multisystem phenomenon involving inflammation, hypertrophy, apoptosis, angiogenesis and important processes involved in vascular remodeling systems. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in cell growth and angiogenesis under pathologic conditions. VEGF secretion is related to anti‐apoptosis protein expression and attenuates apoptosis in endothelial cells. This study examined the VEGF‐dependent mechanisms of angiogenesis and apoptosis in cadmium‐treated endothelial cells (HUVECs). The effects and mechanisms of cadmium in endothelial cells (HUVECs) were examined by exposing the cells to different doses of cadmium chloride (2.5–40 μ m). After the cadmium treatment, the angiogenesis and apoptosis mechanisms related to VEGF in cadmium‐treated HUVECs were examined. As a result, the low concentration of cadmium increased the tube formation in HUVECs. In addition, cadmium at concentrations of 5 and 10 μ m increased VEGF secretion and VEGFR2 activity, which suggest that cadmium affects the growth of blood vessels. All three MAPK pathways, namely ERK, JNK and p38, were activated by cadmium in HUVECs. However, high concentrations of cadmium caused cell damage, disrupted tube formation and inhibited VEGF expression and the activities of VEGFR2 and MAPK in HUVECs. Cadmium has dual functions through VEGF‐dependent mechanisms in a dose‐dependent manner. In this study, the dual effects of cadmium might alter angiogenesis and induce apoptosis through VEGF pathways in HUVECs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isomers and isomerization reactions of four nitro derivatives of methane
Authors: Zhang Chaoyang , Wang Xiaolin , Zhou Mingfei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe nitro, nitrite, and aci‐form isomers and the isomerization reactions of mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and tetra‐nitromethanes (NMs) were computationally investigated. The results show that the isomerization displacement of NO2 by ONO groups is surprisingly thermodynamically favored for the di‐, tri‐, and tetra‐NMs. The molecular stability decreases and the isomerization becomes easier by increasing nitro groups. The largest attraction among substitutes takes place through the central carbon atom in C(ONO)4 and leads to its higher stability than the C(NO2)4 isomer. There is a concerted change of the CONO, CONO, and CONO bonds in the nitrite isomers, that is, the weakened CONO bond is accompanied with the strengthened CONO and CONO bonds, and vice versa. We only succeeded in finding two tight transition states of isomerization reactions from NO2 to ONO in the mono‐ and di‐NMs, whereas isomerization reactions to the aci‐forms through an intramolecular hydrogen transfer can always be found. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2011
Derivatives of 4‐amino‐2‐nitrodiphenylamine as dyes for synthetic polymer fibres
Authors: Peters Arnold T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of substituted 4‐amino‐2‐nitrodiphenylamines is described. These compounds dye synthetic polymer fibres in bordeaux to violet‐blue shades of moderate to poor light fastness. Light fastness properties are enhanced by the use of substituents which decrease the basicity of the 4‐amino group; such substitution, however, results in colour shifts into the yellow to orange region.
Apparatus for slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Authors: Ewart J. A. D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn apparatus for eight‐channel gel electrophoresis on polyacrylamide slabs is described. It can be easily and cheaply constructed. The use of the buffer for cooling enables high voltage gradients to be applied giving good separation and resolution in under 2 h. A destaining apparatus, which does not use electrophoresis and is suitable for slab or “disc” gels, has been developed.
Studies in the lightfastness of nitrodiphenylamine dyes
Authors: Asquith Raymond S. , Blair Hal S. , Hamill Aidan C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStudies of the photofading of nitrodiphenylamine dyes have been made in ethanolic solution. It has been shown that the presence of oxygen during photoirradiation of the solution acts as an inhibitor, causing an induction period before degradation commences. The results suggest that the intermediate in the degradation is a triplet state, and this is quenched by oxygen. The “deactivated” oxygen molecules, so formed, can be reactivated by collision with “normal” oxygen molecules. The enhancement of photodegradation in the presence of hydrogen donors suggests that the degradation mechanism is reductive in nature. The influence of the positions of the nitro‐groups in the diphenylamine derivatives supports the postulate that the reaction proceeds via quinonoid forms. The absence of brown degradation products suggests that the mechanism of degradation is not the same as that occurring on solid substrates, although the order of dye stability is the same in both cases.
Reduction characteristics of Fe‐Bi‐P mixed oxide catalysts and their ammoxidation activities of propylene
Authors: Oka Hideaki , Harano Yoshio , Imoto Tatsuya 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe characteristics of Fe‐Bi‐P mixed oxide catalysts of different compositions for reduction by propylene or ammonia and the ammoxidation activities of propylene were studied using a McBain type thermobalance and the pulse reaction technique respectively. By comparing the dependency of the reduction characteristics and catalytic activity with oxide composition and also the reduction rates and reoxidation rates of the reduced catalyst it was concluded that the ammoxidation of propylene on Fe‐Bi‐P mixed oxide catalyst proceeds through alternate repetition of reduction by propylene and reoxidation by oxygen, and that abstraction of allylic hydrogen from adsorbed C3H6 is the rate determining step.
Hydrolysis of pentosans in bagasse pith
Authors: Nee Charles I. , Yee Wen F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWork has been conducted on the hydrolysis of pentosans in bagasse pith as the first part of a study of the chemistry of bagasse processing aimed at establishing an integrated industry. Bagasse pith is the fine part screened out and discarded as waste during the preparation of raw material for bagasse pulping plant. By using dilute sulphuric acid at a concentration less than 2% by weight and at a temperature lower than 165°C, pith is hydrolysed to pentoses in a yield of 80–90% based on potential pentoses in pith. Hydrolysis of pentosans in pith, within the scope of experiment, seems to be a first order reaction. However, the semi‐logarithmic time plot for the hydrolysis of potential pentoses in the residue consists of two straight lines of different slope. This may be explained on the assumption that bagasse pith contains two major fractions of pentosans that are hydrolysed at different rates. Saeman's equation for hydrolysis of wood with sulphuric acid may be adapted to represent dependence of rate constant K on acid concentration C and reaction temperature T in hydrolysis of the two major parts of pentosans in bagasse pith.
Sonazoid‐enhanced ultrasonography for the diagnosis of an intrapancreatic accessory spleen: A case report
Authors: Makino Yuki , Imai Yasuharu , Fukuda Kazuto , Seki Yasushi , Kogita Sachiyo , Sawai Yoshiyuki , Igura Takumi , Kurokawa Masanori , Takamura Manabu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report a case of an intrapancreatic accessory spleen in 59‐year‐old man, in which contrast‐enhanced sonography (US) using Sonazoid, a second‐generation contrast agent, was useful for the diagnosis. Sonazoid‐enhanced US could prove both hypervascularity and the existence of reticuloendothelial cell systems in the mass, which is the key to the diagnosis of an accessory spleen. Sonazoid‐enhanced US might become a standard imaging technique for the diagnosis of an accessory spleen. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2011;
Duplex ultrasound evaluation of endoluminally treated aortic aneurysms with emphasis on diameter measurement: A comparison with computed tomography
Authors: Demirpolat Gulgun , Ozturk Nur , Parildar Mustafa , Posacıoğlu Hakan , Tamsel Sadik 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose:The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) for endoleak detection and measurement of the aneurysm diameter after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.Methods:Forty‐eight CDUS and computed tomographic angiography (CTA) examinations performed concurrently on 29 patients who were treated with endovascular stent grafts for abdominal aortic aneurysms were included in the study. CTA and CDUS findings were retrospectively compared for aneurysm diameter, patency of the graft, and the presence of leaks in the aneurysm's lumen (the so‐called “endoleaks”).Results:The stent graft was patent in all patients. Including the follow‐up examinations, endoleaks were detected in a total of 17 CTA studies. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for CDUS compared with CTA as the gold standard were 100%, 96%, 94.4%, and 100%, respectively. Kappa statistics showed a high level of agreement between CDUS ant CTA examinations (χ = 0.95). The aneurysm diameters measured with CDUS and CTA were significantly different, but within 5 mm of each other in 83% of patients.Conclusions:Provided that a strict CDUS protocol including spectral analysis of perigraft flow is used, CDUS is comparable to CTA for endoleak detection and measurement of the aneurysm diameter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2011;
Snowfall over central‐eastern China and Asian atmospheric cold source in January
Authors: Nan Sulan , Zhao Ping 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn January 2008, a severe snowstorm disaster occurred in central‐eastern China. Using the monthly means from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP‐NCAR) reanalysis data set and the observations from surface stations of China for the period 1953–2008, we statistically investigate the relationship between the January snowstorm weather over central‐eastern China and the synchronous atmospheric thermal condition over the Asian continent. The results show that the extreme snowfall weather over central‐eastern China is closely associated with the Asian atmospheric cold source (AACS) in January. When AACS is weak (corresponding to a higher AACS value), the heavy snowfall weather appears in central‐eastern China. The values of both AACS and snowfall over central‐eastern China in 2008 are most anomalous during the recent 30 years. This link may be explained by the atmospheric circulation well. Under a weak AACS (with a higher AACS value), a 500‐mb anomalous low covers the mid‐low latitudes of Asia, accompanying an anomalous high over the eastern coasts of East Asia. Accordingly, the southerly wind anomalies between the anomalous low and high prevail in the lower troposphere over central‐eastern China, with the northerly wind anomalies prevail over this region at the surface, which also strengthen upward motion over central‐eastern China. The southerly wind anomalies transport more water vapour into central‐eastern China from both the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal. These anomalies in the atmospheric circulation are responsible for the formation of the heavy snowfall weather in central‐eastern China. Compared to both the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation during winter, the thermal condition over the Asian continent has a closer relationship with the occurrence of the heavy snowfall weather over central‐eastern China. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Plant‐based fertilizers for organic vegetable production
Authors: Nygaard Sorensen Jorn , Thorup‐Kristensen Kristian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo ensure high yield and quality in organic vegetable production, crops often require additional fertilizer applied during the season. Due to the risk of contamination of edible plant products from slurry, plant‐based fertilizers may be used as an alternative. The purpose of our work was to develop mobile green manures with specific high nutrient concentrations (e.g., nitrogen [N], sulfur [S], and phosphorus [P]) that are released quickly after soil incorporation and that are easy to handle during storage and application. To distinguish from traditional green manures that are grown to improve soil fertility, the term “mobile green manures” is used for green‐manure crops that are harvested in one field and then moved as a whole and used as fertilizer in other fields. To further investigate mobile‐green‐manure crops for use as efficient fertilizers, pot and field experiments were conducted with cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis) and kale (Brassica oleracea sabellica) supplied with organic matter consisting of a wide range of plant species with varying nutrient concentrations. Further, field experiments were conducted with leek (Allium porrum) and celery (Apium graveolens dulce) supplied with increasing amounts of organic matter consisting of fresh, ensiled, or dried green manures. Results show that garden sorrel (Rumex acetosa), dyer's woad (Isatis tinctoria), and fodder radish (Raphanus sativus) harvested with a high leaf‐to‐stem ratio resulted in high P concentration, and cruciferous crops in high S concentration. Dyer's woad, salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor), and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) showed high boron (B) concentration, whereas species such as dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), chicory (Cichorium intybus), and garden sorrel showed high potassium (K) concentration. Green manures with high P and S concentrations increased the nutrient uptake and yield of pot‐grown cauliflower and kale. Field experiments showed that the production of cauliflower and kale decreased when the carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C : N) ratio of applied green manure increased. In kale, for example, application of 160 kg N ha–1 in early harvested lucerne (Medicago sativa) with a C : N ratio of 10 resulted in the highest kale production whereas application of an equal amount of N in late harvested lucerne with a C : N ratio of 20 produced 34% less. Differences in vegetable production were not due to the amount of N applied, but to the N availability. Field experiments with fresh, ensiled, or dry green manure applied to leek and celery showed that the C : N ratio has to be low to get a fast response. Further, these field experiments demonstrate the importance of green manures, which can be stored and are easy to handle during transport, crop application, and soil incorporation. It is concluded that it is possible to produce green manures with high concentrations of S, P, K, and B, and low C : N ratios and that these properties have a great impact on the value of the green manure for vegetable production.
Combined effects of the antibiotic sulfadiazine and liquid manure on the soil microbial‐community structure and functions
Authors: Hammesfahr Ute , Bierl Reinhard , Thiele‐Bruhn Sören 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSulfonamides are the second most used antibiotic class in veterinary medicine and applied to livestock to treat bacterial infections. Subsequently, they are spread onto agricultural soils together with the contaminated manure used as fertilizer. Both manure and antibiotics affect the soil microbial community. However, the influence of different liquid manure loads on effects of antibiotics to soil microorganisms is not well understood. Therefore, we performed a microcosm experiment for up to 32 d to clarify whether the function and structure of the soil microbial community is differently affected by interactions of manure and the antibiotic sulfadiazine (SDZ). To this end selected concentrations of pig liquid manure (0, 20, 40, 80 g kg–1) and SDZ (0, 10, 100 mg kg–1) were combined. We hypothesized that incremental manure amendment might reduce the effect of SDZ in soils, due to an increasing sorption capacity of SDZ to organic compounds. Clear dose‐dependent effects of SDZ on microbial biomass and PLFA pattern were determined, and SDZ effects interacted with the liquid manure application rate. Soil microbial biomass increased with incremental liquid manure addition, whereas this effect was absent in the presence of additional SDZ. However, activities of enzymes such as urease and protease were only slightly affected and basal respiration was not affected by SDZ application, while differences mostly depended on the concentration of liquid manure. These results illustrated that the microbial biomass and structural composition react more sensitive to SDZ contamination than functional processes. Furthermore, effects disproportionally increased with incremental liquid manure addition, although extractable amounts of SDZ declined with increasing liquid manure application.
Headspace single drop microextraction coupled with microwave extraction of essential oil from plant materials
Authors: Zhai Yujuan , Sun Shuo , Wang Ziming , Zhang Yupu , Liu He , Sun Ye , Zhang Hanqi , Yu Aimin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHeadspace single drop microextraction (HS‐SDME) coupled with microwave extraction (ME) was developed and applied to the extraction of the essential oil from dried Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry and Cuminum cyminum L. The operational parameters, such as microdrop volume, microwave absorption medium (MAM), extraction time, and microwave power were optimized. Ten microliters of decane was used as the microextraction solvent. Ionic liquid and carbonyl iron powder were used as MAM. The extraction time was less than 7 min at the microwave power of 440 W. The proposed method was compared with hydrodistillation (HD). There were no obvious differences in the constituents of essential oils obtained by the two methods.