bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between circadian salivary melatonin levels and sleep–wake behavior in infants
Authors: Shinohara Hitomi , Kodama Hideya 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground:  There have been calls for more aggressive intervention for infants with failure in development of a sleep–wake rhythm. If development of the ‘biological clock’ in infants can be assessed by measuring melatonin, this may provide a useful indicator of the sleep–wake rhythm development. Thus, we investigated relationship between circadian salivary melatonin concentrations and sleep–wake behavioral parameters in infants.Methods:  Sixty‐seven mothers who had infants aged 3–15 months were requested to record sleep–wake behavior of their baby for 2 days, and to collect their baby's saliva four times daily in the morning (06:00–09:00 h), noon (11:00–13:00 h), evening (16:00–18:00 h), and night (19:00–22:00 h) for measurement of melatonin concentrations by ELISA.Results:  The mean melatonin concentrations of the saliva were: morning 40 ± 4 pg/mL, noon 14 ± 3 pg/mL, evening 15 ± 3 pg/mL, and night 23 ± 4 pg/mL. The melatonin concentrations, at each measurement point, were highest in infants aged 3–5 months, and decreased as age increased. Morning melatonin concentrations showed a negative correlation with nocturnal sleep duration (P < 0.05). Increased morning concentrations were related to early waking time (P < 0.05). In infants with open air baths on most days, evening and night melatonin concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Salivary melatonin concentrations in infants between 06:00 and 22:00 decreased by age, and elevation of morning values may indicate an immature sleep–wake rhythm. Frequent open air baths may contribute to decreased melatonin levels.
The invasion and potential impact of the Asian House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) in Australia
Authors: HOSKIN CONRAD J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Hemidactylus frenatus is an Asian gecko that has spread pantropically to become one the world's most widespread reptiles. It has been established in Australia for approximately 50 years, but the last two decades have seen massive range expansion across settled areas of northern and eastern Australia; and this spread continues at pace. Disturbingly, H. frenatus is increasingly being detected in natural habitats in Australia, in some cases at high densities. Despite rampant spread, there has been little concern regarding the potential impact of this species on native geckos or natural systems more broadly. This is surprising given that Australia is a centre of gecko origin and diversity, and that H. frenatus has had well documented detrimental impacts on geckos in other parts of its introduced range. Here I review the biology and global distribution of H. frenatus, plot its spread in Australia over the five decades since establishment, and review the research on invasive populations of this species overseas and in Australia to assess potential impacts. I argue that Australia should be more concerned about H. Frenatus because: (i) it is spreading rapidly across northern, eastern and central Australia; (ii) it can invade natural habitats; (iii) it is a very strong competitor and may out‐compete Australian geckos in some situations; and (iv) it carries novel parasites that may impact native reptile species. Hemidactylus frenatus is here to stay and represents a potential threat to Australia's diversity and ecology. A key question is the degree to which it will invade natural habitats and what its impacts will be in these. Research is required to assess the current and potential impacts of H. frenatus in Australia so as to determine how these can be managed and the level of investment warranted.
3D J‐integral evaluation using the computation of line and surface integrals
Authors: HAKIMELAHI B. , SOLTANI N. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTIn the analysis of fracture mechanics of structures using three‐dimensional (3D) J‐integral, an integral evaluation of line and surface is required. However, because surface integral evaluation requires the calculation of the second derivative of displacement field and commercial finite element codes cannot calculate it, then this portion of the integral is neglected in some research. In this paper, a method for computing 3D J‐integral is presented using finite element analysis. In the analysis, the second derivative evaluation of displacement field is employed. The method is implemented in calculating the J‐integral of some 3D cracks and results are compared to well‐known reference values. The results show that the method is reliable and is suitable for applications in engineering. The portion of 3D J‐integral, namely the surface integral value is investigated and it is shown that neglecting this portion can introduce considerable error in the final results.
Does timing of post‐renal transplant diuresis affect graft survival in live‐donor renal transplants?
Authors: Osman Yasser , El‐Husseini Amr , Kamal Mohamed , Refaie Ayman , Sheashaa Hussein , Sobh Mohamed 
Published: June 2010

Study Type – Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Delayed graft function had an adverse impact upon graft survival in deceased kidney transplantation. The current study provides evidence of a similar effect in an exclusive live donor renal recipient population.OBJECTIVETo study the effect of timing of diuresis on short and long term graft survival in live‐donor (LD) renal transplants.METHODSBetween 1976 and 2005, 1747 consecutive LD renal transplants were performed in a single institution. Patients were classified according to timing of diuresis after vascular de‐clamping; group 1 included patients with diuresis within 10 min; group 2 started diuresis between 10 and 60 min after de‐clamping; group 3 started diuresis between 1 and 24 h after de‐clamping; and group 4 started diuresis >24 h after de‐clamping. Patients’ data were stored on an electronic database and were reviewed for risk factors and clinical relevance of timing of diuresis.RESULTSGroups 1–4 comprised 1598 (91.5%), 87 (5%), 44 (2.5%) and 18 (1%) patients, respectively. By multivariate analysis, vascular thrombosis was the significant risk factor for delayed diuresis. Delayed diuresis was significantly associated with the occurrence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), and acute and chronic rejection. Graft and patient survival rates were significantly affected by the timing of diuresis. The 1‐year graft survival rates were 93.8, 83.0, 83.6 and 55.6%, and the 5‐year graft survival rates were 77.4, 59.4, 69.4 and 35.7% in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (P < 0.001). The 1‐year patient survival rates were 96.5, 84.4, 90.7 and 61.1% and the 5‐year patient survival rates were 87.1, 72.0, 78.1 and 52.4% in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONDelayed diuresis is a rare event after LD renal transplantation, which has an adverse effect on short‐ and long‐term graft and patient survival.
Rapid processing of letters, digits and symbols: what purely visual‐attentional deficit in developmental dyslexia?
Authors: Ziegler Johannes C. , Pech‐Georgel Catherine , Dufau Stéphane , Grainger Jonathan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractVisual‐attentional theories of dyslexia predict deficits for dyslexic children not only for the perception of letter strings but also for non‐alphanumeric symbol strings. This prediction was tested in a two‐alternative forced‐choice paradigm with letters, digits, and symbols. Children with dyslexia showed significant deficits for letter and digit strings but not for symbol strings. This finding is difficult to explain for visual‐attentional theories of dyslexia which postulate identical deficits for letters, digits and symbols. Moreover, dyslexics showed normal W‐shaped serial position functions for letter and digit strings, which suggests that their deficit is not due to an abnormally small attentional window. Finally, the size of the deficit was identical for letters and digits, which suggests that poor letter perception is not just a consequence of the lack of reading. Together then, our results show that symbols that map onto phonological codes are impaired (i.e. letters and digits), whereas symbols that do not map onto phonological codes are not impaired. This dissociation suggests that impaired symbol‐sound mapping rather than impaired visual‐attentional processing is the key to understanding dyslexia.
The latest progress report on ICT application in Chinese basic education
Authors: Jingtao Zhang , Yuanyuan Fang , Xiaoling Ma 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFacilitating educational modernisation through information and communication technology (ICT) application in education is an important strategic measure taken by the Chinese government on the requirement of educational reform and development. After briefly introducing the status quo of Chinese basic education, this paper elaborates the significant measures for promoting ICT application in basic education adopted by Chinese government. From seven aspects of basic education (ICT infrastructure, ICT resources construction, the status quo of ICT education in schools, educational technology standards for teachers in schools, policies and regulations, criterion building about ICT application in instruction, and ICT in Chinese rural areas) the authors comprehensively introduce the latest progress of ICT in Chinese basic education.
The mechanism for organising and propelling educational technology in China
Authors: Yongqian Liu , Dongyuan Cheng , Xinli Liu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHaving started early in the 1920s as a spontaneously launched educational activity by civil organisations under the influence of American audio‐visual theory and practice, Chinese educational technology was later put under governmental management. This paper is composed of five parts covering mainly the historical development of educational technology in China. Part 1 is a brief history of educational technology in China. Part 2 presents the major tasks of management in educational technology. Part 3 talks about the organisation of educational technology management within universities and schools. Part 4 discusses civil organisations of educational technology in China. And part 5 is a conclusion about the managerial features of Chinese educational technology.
Educational technology in China
Authors: Meifeng Liu , Jinjiao Lv , Cui Kang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper elaborates the two different academic views of the identity of educational technology in China at the current time—advanced‐technology‐oriented cognition, known as Electrifying Education, and problem‐solving‐oriented cognition, known as Educational Technology. It addresses five main modes of educational technology in China: as a programme, as a research direction, as a discipline area, as an institution and as an enterprise. The authors provide a brief description of the field of educational technology in China.
Opposition to the Living Wage: Discourse, Rhetoric, and American Exceptionalism
Authors: Karjanen David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this analysis my aim is to further a line of inquiry into the cultural logics surrounding the ways that people conceptualize work, worth, and the compensation of labor. By analyzing public attitudes towards wage floor policies such as the living wage, ethnographers can contribute to the broader effort at dismantling the naturalized cultural logic of neoliberalism regarding progressive economic policies, specifically living wages. I conclude that the discursive constitution of living wages by opponents reflects broader and more deeply held ideological assertions about American society and the marketplace, and reinforcing a notion of American exceptionalism.
The Feasibility of Folk Science
Authors: Keil Frank C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIf folk science means individuals having well worked out mechanistic theories of the workings of the world, then it is not feasible. Laypeople’s explanatory understandings are remarkably coarse, full of gaps, and often full of inconsistencies. Even worse, most people overestimate their own understandings. Yet recent views suggest that formal scientists may not be so different. In spite of these limitations, science somehow works and its success offers hope for the feasibility of folk science as well. The success of science arises from the ways in which scientists learn to leverage understandings in other minds and to outsource explanatory work through sophisticated methods of deference and simplification of complex systems. Three studies ask whether analogous processes might be present not only in laypeople but also in young children and thereby form a foundation for supplementing explanatory understandings almost from the start of our first attempts to make sense of the world.
Beyond Core Knowledge: Natural Geometry
Authors: Spelke Elizabeth , Lee Sang Ah , Izard Véronique 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFor many centuries, philosophers and scientists have pondered the origins and nature of human intuitions about the properties of points, lines, and figures on the Euclidean plane, with most hypothesizing that a system of Euclidean concepts either is innate or is assembled by general learning processes. Recent research from cognitive and developmental psychology, cognitive anthropology, animal cognition, and cognitive neuroscience suggests a different view. Knowledge of geometry may be founded on at least two distinct, evolutionarily ancient, core cognitive systems for representing the shapes of large‐scale, navigable surface layouts and of small‐scale, movable forms and objects. Each of these systems applies to some but not all perceptible arrays and captures some but not all of the three fundamental Euclidean relationships ofdistance(orlength),angle, anddirection(orsense). Like natural number (Carey, 2009), Euclidean geometry may be constructed through the productive combination of representations from these core systems, through the use of uniquely human symbolic systems.
Sensitization to thiourea derivatives among Finnish patients with suspected contact dermatitis
Authors: Liippo Jussi , Ackermann Leena , Hasan Taina , Laukkanen Arja , Rantanen Tapio , Lammintausta Kaija 
Published: June 2010

Background: Thiourea derivatives in rubber products may induce contact sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis. Sensitization is most often from neoprene rubber, but the multitude of possible sensitizing products has remained poorly characterized. Objective: The aim of this study was to collect information on the occurrence of thiourea‐related contact allergy and to show novel sources of sensitization. Patients and methods: A mixture of dibutyl‐, diethyl‐, and diphenylthiourea was included in patch test baseline series in five Finnish dermatology clinics during 2002–2007. In addition, an extended series of rubber chemicals was tested in patients with suspected rubber allergy. Sources of sensitization to thioureas were analysed in sensitized patients. Results: Thiourea mix yielded positive patch test reactions in 59 of 15 100 patients (0.39%); 33/59 patients were also tested with individual rubber chemicals. Diethylthiourea was positive in 24/33, diphenylthiourea in 5, and dibutylthiourea in 1 patient. The most common sources of sensitization included various neoprene‐containing orthopaedic braces, sports equipment, and foot wear. Conclusions: The sources of sensitization to thiourea chemicals were detected in most cases. These sources comprise a heterogenous group of products extending from orthopaedic materials to sports equipment.
The generalized spectral kurtosis estimator
Authors: Nita G. M. , Gary D. E. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Due to its conceptual simplicity and its proven effectiveness in real-time detection and removal of radio frequency interference (RFI) from radio astronomy data, the spectral kurtosis (SK) estimator is likely to become a standard tool of a new generation of radio telescopes. However, the SK estimator in its original form must be developed from instantaneous power spectral density estimates, and hence cannot be employed as an RFI excision tool downstream of the data pipeline in existing instruments where any time averaging is performed. In this Letter, we develop a generalized estimator with wider applicability for both instantaneous and averaged spectral data, which extends its practical use to a much larger pool of radio instruments.
Fronto‐temporal swelling: case report of an unusual presentation of primary, extra‐pulmonary tuberculous infection
Authors: Ali Z. , Keshani D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by slow growing, acid fast, aerobic mycobacterium and has become the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease. Primary extra‐pulmonary TB lesions may arise as swellings in the head and neck, and can pose challenges of diagnosis and management to healthcare professionals. We present an unusual case of primary extra‐pulmonary TB manifesting as a fluctuant swelling of the fronto‐temporal region of the head and discuss value of special tests, such as fine needle aspiration cytology, microbiology and histopathology, with reference to previous case reports of TB in the head and neck.
Immediate semi‐static loading using compression healing abutments: case report
Authors: Cano J. , Campo J. , Colmenero C. , Bascones A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractProsthodontic rehabilitation with maxillary implants can be delayed by the low density of available bone. We report the rehabilitation of maxillary edentulism with four implants, in which primary stability was enhanced by using a compression abutment prototype. Application of compression and tension to the peri‐implant bone improved resonance frequency values in all four implants at 7 days after the compression protocol.
Foreign body granuloma in the submental region due to fish bone: a case report
Authors: Ding X. , Zhu X.‐H. , Dong L. , Fang Y.‐M. , Zhang L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to describe the clinical and microscopic features of a foreign‐body granuloma in submental region that resulted from a fish bone embedded in the floor of mouth. A 45‐year‐old female patient complained of a hard mass in submental region. Clinical examination showed a non‐compressible, firm, fixed lump, painless on palpation. Ultrasound examination showed an internally uneven, uncircumscribed, hypoechoic mass with a steaky hyperechoic spot of 1.1 cm length in the center. A microscopic examination showed newly‐formed granuloma, composed of lympocytes and epithelioid cells, and some microabscess with neurophiles. The final diagnosis was a foreign‐body granuloma with fish bone. Even though foreign‐body granulomas in submental region are rare lesions, surgeon should be familiar with their features and include them in the differential diagnosis of tissue masses.
CASE REPORT: Extralobar pulmonary sequestration presenting a paravertebral mass with extensive fibroadenomatous change in an adult
Authors: Choi Song Yi , An Jungsuk , Lee Jae Jun , Han Joungho , Shim Young Mog , Yi Chin A. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTWe report herein an unusual case of pulmonary extralobar sequestration (ELS) showing fibroadenomatous change. It was incidentally found in a 41‐year‐old woman presenting with a paravertebral mass on chest radiography during a routine health check‐up. Computed tomography reveled a 3.6 cm, well‐defined solid mass in the paravertebral region. The resected mass was predominantly solid and well‐covered by pleura with irregular cystic spaces. Microscopically, it showed a unique fibroadenomatous change, dilated bronchiolar structures and prominent fibrous stroma. In the periphery of the mass, a small portion of the lung with normal alveolar structure was noted. The lining epithelium showed reactivity for thyroid transcription factor‐1 by immunohistochemical staining.
Noxa mediates hepatic stellate cell apoptosis by proteasome inhibition
Authors: Sosa Seda Ivette M. , Mott Justin L. , Akazawa Yuko , Barreyro Fernando J. , Bronk Steven F. , Kaufmann Scott H. , Gores Gregory J. 
Published: June 2010

Aim:  Induction of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis is a viable therapeutic strategy to reduce liver fibrogenesis. Although BH3‐only proteins of the Bcl‐2 family trigger pro‐apoptotic pathways, the BH3‐only proteins mediating HSC apoptosis have not been well defined. Our aim, using proteasome inhibition as a model to induce HSC apoptosis, was to examine the BH3‐only proteins contributing to cell death of this key liver cell subtype.Methods:  Apoptosis was induced by treating LX‐2 cells, an immortalized human hepatic stellate cell line, and primary rat stellate cells with the proteasome inhibitor MG‐132.Results:  Treatment with proteasome inhibitors increased expression of Noxa both at the mRNA (16‐fold) and protein (22‐fold) levels indicating that both transcriptional and post‐translational mechanisms contributed to the increase in cellular Noxa levels. Knockdown of Noxa by siRNA significantly attenuated cell death, mechanistically implicating Noxa as a key apoptotic mediator of proteasome inhibitor‐induced cell death. Given the pivotal role for the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein A1 in activated HSC survival, we determined if Noxa bound to this survival protein. Noxa was shown to physically bind the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein A1 by co‐immunoprecipitation.Conclusions:  Noxa contributes to proteasome inhibitor‐induced apoptosis of stellate cells likely by binding A1. Strategies to therapeutically increase Noxa expression may be useful for inducing HSC apoptosis.
Crucial role of impaired Kupffer cell phagocytosis on the decreased Sonazoid‐enhanced echogenicity in a liver of a nonalchoholic steatohepatitis rat model
Authors: Yoshikawa Shohei , Iijima Hiroko , Saito Masaki , Tanaka Hironori , Imanishi Hiroyasu , Yoshimoto Naoki , Yoshimoto Tomohiro , Futatsugi‐Yumikura Shizue , Nakanishi Kenji , Tsujimura Tohru , Nishigami Takashi , Kudo Atsushi , Arii Shigeki , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: June 2010

Aims: To evaluate the dynamics of Kupffer cell (KC) phagocytosis by performing bothin vivoandin vitrostudies using Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Oslo) in a rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model.Methods: Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) was performed on a rat NASH model induced by a methionine choline deficient diet (MCDD) and control rats, and Sonazoid was used to measure the signal intensity in the liver parenchyma. The uptake of Sonazoid by the KCs was observed by intravital microscopy. Their phagocytic capability was evaluatedin vitrousing isolated and cultured KCs. The uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled latex beads was observed and quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: In the MCDD group, liver parenchymal enhancement was reduced 20 min after the Sonazoid injection. Microscopic observation of the isolated and cultured KCs revealed that the number of phagocytosed Sonazoid microbubbles was significantly decreased. Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) observation showed a decrease in the uptake of the latex beads. A decreased phagocytic capacity in the MCDD group was suggested by the quantitative analysis using flow cytometry, as well as by intravital microscopy.Conclusions: CEUS with Sonazoid is a powerful evaluation tool to diagnose NASH from an early stage of the disease.