bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic usefulness of a 25 X‐chromosome single‐nucleotide polymorphism marker set
Authors: Tomas Carmen , Sanchez Juan J. , Castro Jose Aurelio , Børsting Claus , Morling Niels 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: The analysis of X‐chromosome markers can be valuable in particular situations, for example, deficiency kinship cases, where the putative father cannot be typed. X‐chromosome short‐tandem repeats (X‐STRs) are widely used in forensic genetics, while the use of X‐chromosome single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (X‐SNPs) is still limited.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The forensic usefulness of a set of 25 SNPs located across the X‐chromosome was analyzed in 13 populations. The applicability of the 25 X‐SNPs in kinship testing was illustrated in two immigration cases where the conclusions based on the analysis of 15 autosomal STRs were ambiguous and, in one of the cases, misleading. The samples in the two cases were also typed for eight X‐STRs, 52 autosomal SNPs, and seven autosomal variable number of tandem repeats.RESULTS: The combined power of discrimination of the 25 X‐chromosome markers varied from one in 1.7 × 106 males to one in 7.8 × 109 females and the combined mean chance of exclusion varied between 99.78% in duos to 99.998% in trios. In the two immigration cases, the use of X‐linked markers increased the number of genetic inconsistencies and the cases could be solved. The usefulness of X‐chromosome markers was particularly illustrative in Case 1, where the typing of 25 X‐SNPs would have been sufficient to exclude paternity.CONCLUSION: The high level of polymorphism, low degree of linkage disequilibrium, and very low probability of mutation of the 25 X‐SNPs makes this set of markers suitable as a supplementary set of markers in relationship testing.
Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: an empirical modelling approach
Authors: Stapanian M. A. , Witzel L. D. , Cook A. 
Published: May 2010

Stapanian MA, Witzel LD, Cook A. Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: an empirical modelling approach.  Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 326–337. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USAAbstract –  World‐wide, many burbot Lota lota (L.) populations have been extirpated or are otherwise in need of conservation measures. By contrast, burbot made a dramatic recovery in Lake Erie during 1993–2001 but declined during 2002–2007, due in part to a sharp decrease in recruitment. We used Akaike’s Information Criterion to evaluate 129 linear regression models that included all combinations of one to seven ecological indices as predictors of burbot recruitment. Two models were substantially supported by the data: (i) the number of days in which water temperatures were within optimal ranges for burbot spawning and development combined with biomass of yearling and older (YAO) yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill); and (ii) biomass of YAO yellow perch. Warmer winter water temperatures and increases in yellow perch biomass were associated with decreases in burbot recruitment. Continued warm winter water temperatures could result in declines in burbot recruitment, particularly in the southern part of the species’ range.
Diet and trophic niche overlap of native and nonnative fishes in the Gila River, USA: implications for native fish conservation
Authors: Pilger T. J. , Gido K. B. , Propst D. L. 
Published: May 2010

Pilger TJ, Gido KB, Propst DL. Diet and trophic niche overlap of native and nonnative fishes in the Gila River, USA: implications for native fish conservation. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 300–321. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – The upper Gila River basin is one of the few unimpounded drainage basins west of the Continental Divide, and as such is a stronghold for endemic fishes in the region. Nevertheless, multiple nonindigenous fishes potentially threaten the persistence of native fishes, and little is known of the trophic ecology of either native or nonnative fishes in this system. Gut contents and stable isotopes (13C and 15N) were used to identify trophic relationships, trophic niche overlap and evaluate potential interactions among native and nonnative fishes. Both native and nonnative fishes fed across multiple trophic levels. In general, adult native suckers had lower 15N signatures and consumed more algae and detritus than smaller native fish, including juvenile suckers. Adult nonnative smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis) and two species of trout preyed on small‐bodied fishes and predaceous aquatic invertebrates leading to significantly higher trophic positions than small and large‐bodied native fishes. Thus, the presence of these nonnative fishes extended community food‐chain lengths by foraging at higher trophic levels. Although predation on juvenile native fishes might threaten persistence of native fishes, the high degree of omnivory suggests that impacts of nonnative predators may be lessened and dependent on environmental variability.
Detection of density‐dependent growth at two spatial scales in marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) populations
Authors: Vincenzi S. , Crivelli A. J. , Jesensek D. , De Leo G. A. 
Published: May 2010

Vincenzi S, Crivelli AJ, Jesensek D, De Leo GA. Detection of density‐dependent growth at two spatial scales in marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) populations. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 338–347. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Density‐dependent body growth has often been observed in freshwater salmonid populations. Several studies suggest this compensatory pattern as a potential mechanism of population regulation. The choice of the spatial scale is important for the detection of density‐dependent growth, as study areas need to be of the appropriate size to capture the density of conspecifics actually experienced by individuals over the preceding growth period. Here, we used four marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) populations (Gatsnik, Gorska, Huda and Zakojska) living in Slovenian stream to study the relationships between early density of marble trout and subsequent body growth. As streams are divided in sectors delimited by natural barriers that prevent or strongly limit movement of individuals, we tested the relationship between early density and body size through the lifetime at two spatial scales, that is,sectorlevel (for Gatsnik and Zakojska) andwhole streamlevel (the four populations were pooled). Sector length in Gatsnik and Zakojska ranged from 113 to 516 m. At bothsectorandwhole streamlevel, temporal data were pooled. Growth declined significantly with increasing density both at thesectorandwhole streamlevels, and the density‐dependent relationship was described by negative power curves. However, at thesectorlevel the density‐dependent pattern was stronger in Gatsnik, a stream in which fish could move across sectors, than in Zakojska, where upstream movement across sectors is prevented by waterfalls.
Ontogenetic and spatial variations in brown trout habitat selection
Authors: Ayllón D. , Almodóvar A. , Nicola G. G. , Elvira B. 
Published: May 2010

Ayllón D, Almodóvar A, Nicola GG, Elvira B. Ontogenetic and spatial variations in brown trout habitat selection. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 420–432. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Habitat quality and quantity determine many biological processes and traits that directly affect the population dynamics of stream fishes. Understanding how habitat selection is adjusted to different ecological conditions is essential to improve predictive modelling of population dynamics. We describe brown trout Salmo trutta summer habitat selection patterns through univariate and multivariate habitat selection functions across defined river reach typologies. We sampled 44 sites and performed a principal component analysis that defined eight reach types differing in both local site and catchment‐scale physical features. We observed ontogenetic changes in habitat selection, as trout preferred deeper and slower flowing water as they increased in size. Likewise, selectivity for different types of structural habitat elements changed through ontogeny. Both patterns were consistent across reach types. Moreover, we detected spatial variations in habitat selection patterns within age‐classes among different reach types. Our results indicate that brown trout is a habitat generalist and suggest that spatial variations in habitat selection patterns are driven by physical and environmental factors operating at multiple spatial scales.
Disability days in Canada associated with dental problems: a pilot study
Authors: Quiñonez C , Figueiredo R , Locker D 
Published: May 2010

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene
9, 2011; 132–135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00463.x Quiñonez C, Figueiredo R, Locker D. Disability days in Canada associated with dental problems: a pilot study.Abstract:  Objective:  The aim of this study was to explore disability days, or bed days and cut‐down days, associated with dental problems in Canada. Methods:  Data were collected through a national telephone interview survey of 1005 Canadians aged 18 years and over using random digit dialling. Participants were asked to enumerate the number of disability days associated with dental problems in the previous 2‐week period. Descriptive and bivariate logistic regression analyses were undertaken. Results:  In the previous 2‐week period, 33 people, or 3.3% of the sample, reported spending a day in bed because of a dental problem. Of these, 22 people also reported having to cut down on their normal activity because of the dental problem. It appears that younger age groups, those with the lowest incomes, college educations, no dental insurance, oral pain and a history of visiting a hospital emergency room for a dental problem, were all more likely to report a dental disability day. Conclusions:  These data demonstrate the potential economic impacts of dental problems in Canada, yet they must be interpreted with caution because of the very low prevalence of the main outcome measure, the potential for selection bias and the relative inconsistency with existing historical estimates.
Are DNA Profiles as Rare as we Think? Or Can we Trust DNA Statistics?
Authors: Curran James 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
DNA evidence is now widely used to link suspects to the scenes of crime. It has determined both guilt and innocence and has transformed forensic science. But there is unease. DNA identifications have been challenged in the courts. Are there too many DNA “coincidences”? Are DNA-based verdicts invalid?James Curran looks at the evidence.
Privacy or Public Good? Why not Obtaining Consent may be Best Practice
Authors: Stanley Fiona 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Using medical and other data from private citizens without obtaining the consent of those citizens has been a taboo of statisticians and of society. The right to privacy is infringed; the right to confidentiality is abused. Here Fiona Stanley argues that, far from being unethical, using data without consent may be morally justified, and not using it may be a failure of duty.
In vivoproduction of catalase containing haem analogues
Authors: Brugna Myriam , Tasse Lena , Hederstedt Lars 
Published: May 2010

Haem (protohaem IX) analogues are toxic compounds and have been considered for use as antibacterial agents, but the primary mechanism behind their toxicity has not been demonstrated. Using the haem protein catalase in the Gram‐positive bacteriumEnterococcus faecalisas an experimental system, we show that a variety of haem analogues can be taken up by bacterial cells and incorporated into haem‐dependent enzymes. The resulting cofactor‐substituted proteins are dysfunctional, generally resulting in arrested cell growth or death. This largely explains the cell toxicity of haem analogues. In contrast to many other organisms,E. faecalisdoes not depend on haem for growth, and therefore resists the toxicity of many haem analogues. We have exploited this feature to establish a bacterialin vivosystem for the production of cofactor‐substituted haem protein variants. As a pilot study, we produced, isolated and analysed novel catalase variants in which the iron atom of the haem prosthetic group is replaced by other metals, i.e. cobalt, gallium, tin, and zinc, and also variants containing meso‐protoheme IX, ruthenium meso‐protoporphyrin IX and (metal‐free) protoporphyrin IX. Engineered haem proteins of this type are of potential use within basic research and the biotechnical industry.Structured digital abstractMINT‐7722358, MINT‐7722368:katA (uniprotkb:Q834P5) and katA (uniprotkb:Q834P5) physically interact (MI:0915) by copurification (MI:0025)
Effect of Indian mustard on feeding, larval survival and development of Plutella xylostella at constant temperatures
Authors: ANSARI M. Shafiq , AHMAD Tufail , ALI Haidar 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFeeding behavior of Plutella xylostella under optional to non‐optional conditions was studied at 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C on Indian mustard, Brassica juncea. The study reveals that the variety Pusa Bahar was significantly less preferred by the larvae as compared with Pusa Bold and Varuna under optional to non‐optional conditions. Larvae of P. xylostella consumed more food at 25°C than 20°C, 15°C and 10°C. Larval survival was found to be highest on cabbage (control) as compared with Indian mustard and was found to vary with host plants and temperature. The larval survival decreased to 11.29% on Pusa Bahar at 10°C. Increasing the temperature from 10°C to 20°C, larval mortality resulted more on Varuna than Pusa Bahar and Pusa Bold. Developmental period was prolonged on Pusa Bold at 10°C while it was shortest on cabbage at 25°C. A total of 536.47 degree days were required to complete the development by immature stages on Varuna at 25°C and 421.64 degree days on cabbage.
Genetics of resistance to Cry1C toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera litura (Fab.)
Authors: THAKARE Atul S. , BARKHADE Umesh P. , PAWADE Vrushali N. , THAKARE Shivcharan M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to determine the genetics of Cry1C resistance in Spodoptera litura. Selection of S. litura (Fab.) with Cry1C was done for eight generations to develop resistance. Reciprocal crosses between resistant and susceptible populations were made to understand the population genetics of Cry1C resistance in S. litura. Generation wise selection with Cry1C was evaluated for resistance development in S. litura. The LC50 of Cry1C was 0.14 µg/cm2 for the first selected generation and it increased to 23.98 µg/cm2 after eight selected generations, which is a 285.47‐fold increase in resistance compared with the susceptible strain. The estimated realized heritability (h2) after eight generations of selection with Cry1C insecticidal protein was 0.44. The number of generations required for the tenfold increase in LC50 (1/R) was estimated to be 3.33. Response to Cry1C selection in S. litura was 0.30, the estimated selection differential was 0.69 and the pheonotypic standard deviation (dP) was 0.24. Reciprocal crosses between Cry1C resistant and susceptible strain of S. litura showed autosomal resistance.
Two‐dimensional gel analysis of stress proteins identified inChironomus flaviplumus(Diptera: Chironomidae) exposed to 4‐nonylphenol
Authors: KIM Myoung Chul , HAN Sung Sik 
Published: May 2010

AbstractToxicity of 4‐nonylphenol (4‐NP) in the ChironomidaeChironomus flaviplumuswas analyzed using a proteomics approach that involved identifying proteins by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2‐D PAGE). Proteome analysis of 4‐NP‐treated samples on silver stained gels found alterations in the expression levels of three proteins compared with control samples. Hsp70 proteins, so‐called stress proteins, were studied inChironomus flaviplumusexposed to different concentrations of 4‐nonylphenol (0, 30, 100, 150, 300 and 600 mg/L) in the laboratory and in the field in captured animals from site 1 (1 km from a chemical factory) and site 3 (16 km from a chemical factory). Hsp70 proteins were found in all samples tested, including controls, but differed in their expression levels. At more polluted sites (site 1), the samples treated with higher concentrations of 4‐NP more strongly expressed Hsp70. 2‐D spots were induced or enhanced in gels following injection of 4‐NP. Therefore, the induction of stress protein expression inChironomus flaviplumus,in particular Hsp70, can be used as a biomarker for the evaluation of environmental conditions.
New species and two new records of the spider family Theridiidae (Araneae) from Korea
Authors: SEO Bo Keun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThree theridiid spiders, which are a new species, Neospintharus baekamensis n. sp., and two species new to Korea, Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834) and Lasaeola yoshidai (Ono et al., 1991), are described. The illustrations and diagnoses for all of the species are also provided.
Inflation Uncertainty and Monetary Policy in China
Authors: Zhang Chengsi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper uses a stochastic volatility model, structural break tests with unknown point, and a counterfactual simulation method to discuss the significant decline in inflation uncertainty in China over 1978–2009. We attempt to quantify the contributions of better monetary policy and smaller structural shocks (including demand, supply and policy impacts) on the reduced inflation uncertainty. Empirical results in the present paper suggest that improved monetary policy accounts for only a small fraction of the reduction in inflation uncertainty from the pre‐1997 period to the post‐1997 period in China. The bulk of the significant moderation in inflation uncertainty arises from smaller shocks. This finding indicates that the quiescence of inflation in China over the past decade could well be followed by a return to a more turbulent inflation era. Therefore, the use of preemptive monetary policy to anchor inflationary expectations and keep moderate inflation uncertainty is warranted.
China and the Global Financial Crisis: Assessing the Impacts and Policy Responses
Authors: Liang Yan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe present paper explores the role of China in the creation of the current global financial crisis and the impacts of the crisis on its economy. It argues against the view that the “saving glut” in China (along with other Asian emerging economies) played a significant causal role in the crisis. The global financial crisis did not engender much damage in China's financial structure, thanks to the relatively closed, bank‐centered financial system. However, the impacts on the “real” side of the Chinese economy were hard felt. Growth and employment have fallen, largely due to the decline in exports and foreign direct investment. The crisis reveals the vulnerability of the export‐dependent growth pattern. Policy responses of the Chinese Government, including monetary, fiscal and social policies, have helped to stem the downfall of the economy in the immediate term, but some of the policies have not addressed the structural problems of the Chinese economy and might well aggravate such problems over time. The present paper proposes a tentative reform blueprint to rebalance the economy and to sustain long‐term growth.
Regional Environmental Performance and Its Determinants in China
Authors: Wu Yanrui 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA growing awareness of environmental quality has placed increased pressure on China to improve environmental protection and regulations in the country. How have the regional economies in the country performed in terms of environmental efficiency? The answer to this question is yet to be explored in the case of China. The objective of this paper is to present a quantitative analysis of environmental performance in China's regional economies and to examine the determinants of regional variation in performance. The findings are used to draw policy implications for environmental protection and are helpful in the discussion of China's future sustainable development.
Restructuring in China's State‐owned Enterprises: Evidence from the Coal Industry
Authors: Shi Xunpeng 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUsing firm‐level data for China's state‐owned coal mines, this paper examines the impact of privatization, corporatization and debt restructuring of state‐owned enterprises on technical efficiency. A stochastic frontier production method is applied to a panel dataset from 2000 to 2007. The simultaneous study of these three measures makes it possible to study individual effects more precisely than otherwise. The study shows that the three reform initiatives are all able to improve technical efficiency in state‐owned coal mines. The finding of a significant efficiency improvement from relinquishing state ownership provides an alternative to privatization. The study of debt restructuring and technical efficiency has not been documented in the published literature.
Effectiveness of Capital Controls and Sterilizations in China
Authors: Wang Yongzhong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSince 2003, China has been facing a trilemma of determining how to maintain independent monetary policy and limit exchange rate flexibility simultaneously, while facing persistent and substantial international capital flows. The present paper is an empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of China's sterilizations and capital mobility regulations, measured by sterilization and offset coefficients, respectively, using monthly data between mid‐1999 and March 2009. We find that the effectiveness of China's sterilizations is almost perfect in terms of the monetary base, but not in terms of M2, and that China's capital controls still work but are not quite effective. Recursive estimation reveals that increasing mobility of capital flows and decreasing effectiveness of sterilizations might undercut China's ability to maintain monetary autonomy and domestic currency stability simultaneously. To solve the trilemma smoothly, China's monetary authority should continue to relax the management of the exchange rate, and take further steps towards deregulation of capital outflows.
Acetate utilization as a survival strategy of peat‐inhabiting Methylocystis spp.
Authors: Belova Svetlana E. , Baani Mohamed , Suzina Natalia E. , Bodelier Paul L. E. , Liesack Werner , Dedysh Svetlana N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRepresentatives of the genus Methylocystis are traditionally considered to be obligately methanotrophic bacteria, which are incapable of growth on multicarbon substrates. Here, we describe a novel member of this genus, strain H2s, which represents a numerically abundant and ecologically important methanotroph population in northern Sphagnum‐dominated wetlands. This isolate demonstrates a clear preference for growth on methane but is able to grow slowly on acetate in the absence of methane. Strain H2s possesses both forms of methane monooxygenase (particulate and soluble MMO) and a well‐developed system of intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM). In cells grown for several transfers on acetate, these ICM are maintained, although in a reduced form, and mRNA transcripts of particulate MMO are detectable. These cells resume their growth on methane faster than those kept for the same period of time without any substrate. Growth on acetate leads to a major shift in the phospholipid fatty acid composition. The re‐examination of all type strains of the validly described Methylocystis species showed that Methylocystis heyeri H2T and Methylocystis echinoides IMET10491T are also capable of slow growth on acetate. This capability might represent an important part of the survival strategy of Methylocystis spp. in environments where methane availability is variable or limited.