bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gay and Bisexual Men's Willingness to Receive Anal Papanicolaou Testing
Authors: Reed Alison C. , Reiter Paul L. , Smith Jennifer S. , Palefsky Joel M. , Brewer Noel T. 
Published: April 2010

Objectives. We assessed the willingness of gay and bisexual men, who have high rates of anal cancer that might be prevented through regular screening, to receive anal Papanicolaou tests. Methods. We surveyed a national sample of men aged 18 to 59 years who self-identified as gay (n = 236) or bisexual (n = 70). Results. Most respondents were willing to accept free screening (83%), but fewer would pay for the test (31%; McNemar's χ2 = 158.02; P < .001). Willingness to pay for screening was higher among men who reported greater worry about getting anal cancer (OR [odds ratio] = 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06, 2.72), higher perceived likelihood of anal cancer (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.18, 2.99), and higher income (OR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.18, 3.98), in adjusted analyses. Only 33% (17 of 51) of HIV-positive respondents, who have the highest risk for anal cancer, had received anal Papanicolaou tests. Conclusions. Anal cancer screening was highly acceptable to gay and bisexual men, although cost was a major barrier. Efforts to reduce anal cancer disparities should target beliefs about anal cancer and barriers to anal Papanicolaou testing in this population.
Engaging Key Stakeholders to Assess and Improve the Professional Preparation of MPH Health Educators
Authors: Linnan Laura A. , Steckler Allan , Maman Suzanne , Ellenson Meg , French Elizabeth , Blanchard Lynn , Bowling Mike , Yamanis Nina , Succop Stacey , Davenport Amy , Moracco Beth 
Published: April 2010

Objectives. We described the process of engaging key stakeholders in a systematic review of requirements for a master of public health (MPH) degree within the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, and summarized resulting changes. Methods. A benchmarking study of 11 peer institutions was completed. Key stakeholders (i.e., current students, alumni, faculty, staff, employers, and practicum preceptors) received online or print surveys. A faculty retreat was convened to process results and reach consensus on program revisions. Results. MPH program changes included (1) improved advising and mentoring program, (2) elimination of research and practice track options, (3) increased elective and decreased required credit hours, (4) replacement of master's paper requirement with “deliverables” (written products such as reports, documents, and forms) produced as part of the required “Capstone” course, (5) extended community field experience to 2 semesters and moved it to year 2 of the program, and (6) allowed practica of either 200, 300, or 400 hours. Conclusions. Engaging key stakeholders in the program review process yielded important changes to the MPH degree program requirements. Others may consider this approach when undertaking curriculum reviews.
Digital Governance and Institutional Change: Examining the Role of E‐Government in China's Coal Sector
Authors: Schlæger Jesper 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCoal allocation in China is a seminal case of e‐government in the political economy. The empirical phenomenon of market supporting e‐government has not been systematically analysed. By developing and applying a digital governance model this article examines institutional change in a case of coal allocation reform in China. The case shows how the central state used e‐government to get rid of planning overload. Coal allocation meetings were abolished in favour of an ecology of online market solutions. The findings suggest that further research on Chinese e‐government would benefit from attention to the role of e‐government in the political economy.
Government 2.0? Technology, Trust and Collaboration in the UAE Public Sector
Authors: Salem Fadi , Jarrar Yasar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIncreased use of the Internet and related technologies in government seems to hold out promise for a collaborative governance model, derived from cross‐agency information and knowledge sharing, but many governments struggle to attain this goal. Over the past decade, many local and federal government entities in the United Arab Emirates witnessed a shift from the traditional, hierarchical ‘silos mode’ of governance into a ‘competitive mode,’ heavily influenced by ‘New Public Management’ approaches. Although competition has had a relatively positive impact on government efficiency, there is evidence that it has increased institutional and policy complexity, reduced levels of trust and decreased knowledge sharing in government, thereby reinforcing information silos and hindering collaboration and cross‐government innovations. This article reports a national survey of UAE government employees in federal and local government institutions which found that ‘technology,’ ‘leadership’ and ‘trust’ are perceived as the top three interconnected enablers of collaboration in the UAE government. The article concludes that there is now a possibility to move towards a more collaborative mode in governance, using technological innovations to bring down the cost of social transactions in government, with three key prerequisites: fostering a comfortable level of ‘political trust’ between society and government, achieving a threshold of social acceptance of technology ('technological trust') within the public sector and reforming the ‘social trust’ dynamics in society.
Transparency of Public Decision‐Making: Towards Trust in Local Government?
Authors: Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOnline minutes of local councils offer the opportunity to look behind the scenes of local government decision‐making. Will this transparency, as promised, lead to higher levels of trust? This issue was investigated by conducting an experiment comparing participants who did not access the available information, people who were only allowed restricted information about the minutes, and those who were shown the full minutes of the local council. Results indicated that people exposed to more information were significantly more negative regarding perceived competence of the council compared to those who did not access the available information. Additionally, participants who received only restricted information about the minutes thought the council was less honest compared to those who did not read them. The relationship between transparency and trust is influenced partly by the perceived credibility of the message on the website. Also, knowledge about the decision‐making process appears to shift judgment criteria. People well informed about the process are inclined to base their judgment of perceived competence on this knowledge and less on message credibility. A theoretical explanation for the negative effect of transparency of public decision‐making is sought in the expectations of the public versus the reality. A lower perceived competence by those who had access to full information might be explained by a gap between public expectations of rational decision‐making and the reality of the chaos involved in public decision‐making exposed through transparency.
The influence of weather conditions on mid-field ponds situated in a reclaimed area in Sępopolska Plain
Authors: Cymes Ireneusz , Cymes Iwona , Dragańska Ewa , Szymczyk Sławomir 
Published: April 2010

The influence of weather conditions on mid-field ponds situated in a reclaimed area in Sępopolska Plain
The investigations were conducted in northeastern Poland near Lidzbark Warmiński (54° 08" N, 20° 36" E). Five mid-field ponds situated on grasslands were chosen: four of them were dredged and deepened, and one of them remained as a natural reservoir. The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of weather conditions on the quantity and quality of water in mid-field ponds situated in agricultural areas. It was found that the quantity of water in mid-field ponds was related much more to the air temperature, which was responsible for either water evaporation or snow melting, rather than to the amount of precipitation. The reduction in the volume of water stored in the ponds during very dry years had a negative influence on its quality. During the observation period, the dredged ponds were characterized by permanent water tables, whereas the natural reservoir dried out in very dry years. Atmospheric conditions influenced the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and calcium and chlorine ions in the studied water bodies. The volume of water retained in mid-field ponds influenced the concentrations of phosphorus and sulphates. Increased precipitation sums caused lower water pH; however in warmer periods, at increased pH and CODCr, a decrease in dissolved oxygen was noted. It was revealed that increases in precipitation sums during the year caused increases in the load of mineral nitrogen and calcium and magnesium ions in pond water.
Changes in the structure of phytoplankton in the lowest part of the Cybina River and the Maltański Reservoir
Authors: Kozak Anna 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The floristic composition, abundance, and biomass of phytoplankton in the Cybina River and the Maltański Reservoir were examined from April to October 2005. The analysis of the phytoplankton in the samples revealed statistically significant differences in both composition and abundance. The maximum abundance (39.2 × 103 ind. cm-3) and biomass (56.8 μg cm-3) of phytoplankton was noted in July 2005 at the outlet from the Maltański Reservoir. The lowest phytoplankton density was most often noted at the site located at the inlet of the Cybina River into the Maltański Reservoir. The quantitative and qualitative compositions of the phytoplankton varied at different sites. The highest taxonomical similarity was noted among the samples collected in the reservoir and at the outflow from it.
The in situ influence of Ceratophyllum demersum on a phytoplankton assemblage
Authors: Pełechata Aleksandra , Pełechaty Mariusz 
Published: April 2010

The in situ influence of Ceratophyllum demersum on a phytoplankton assemblage
The aim of this work was to present a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a phytoplankton assemblage under the influence of Ceratophyllum demersum L. during a two-year field study. Literature data obtained under laboratory conditions indicate that C. demersum may cause a decrease in the blue-green algae biomass, which is considered to be evidence of the significance of allelopathy. The observations reported in the current paper indicated that there was no clear effect on cyanoprokaryota whereas decreases in the quantity of Cryptophyta, Dinophyta, Chlorophyta, and Chrysophyceae are noted.
Factors which shape the load of water ecosystems with mineral nitrogen runoffs in rural areas
Authors: Szymczyk Sławomir 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The present study of factors which affect the load of water ecosystems with mineral nitrogen compounds (N-NH4 and N-NO3) was conducted in the Olsztyn Lake District and covered the time period from 1992 to 1999. Three capture basins were investigated: agricultural drained with a drain network, agricultural drained with a drainage ditch, and agricultural-forested drained with scattered drains and ditches. It was found that the concentration and load of mineral forms of nitrogen in waters running off from rural areas were closely dependent on meteorological conditions, the kind of artificial drainage system in use, and the type of land use in the catchment area. In waters carried away through the drainage systems, average annual concentrations of N-NH4 ranged from 0.16 mg dm-3 (the agricultural capture basin drained with ditches) to 1.09 mg dm-3 (the agricultural catchment drained with a network of drains); the amounts of N-NO3 ranged from 0.29 mg dm-3 (the agricultural-forested catchment) to 8.06 mg dm-3 (the agricultural catchment drained with a network of drains). It was also observed that a larger share of arable lands in the land use structure in a given catchment caused an increase in the load of N-NO3 determined in drained waters. In addition, it was confirmed that the amounts of mineral nitrogen carried away with drained waters annually varied from 12.78 kg N (6.7 kg N on average) per 1 ha of an agriculturally used catchment, of which N-NO3 was a dominant form (12.23 kg).
Peculiarities of macrozoobenthos in the offshore zone of a small artificial post-gravel pit reservoir
Authors: Żbikowski Janusz , Kobak Jarosław 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The offshore macrozoobenthos and selected environmental parameters were studied in a small artificial reservoir, created through sand and gravel extraction. The results are rather surprising. Despite the shallow depth and good wind exposure of the reservoir, a thermal and oxygen stratification developed in the summer, causing hypoxic conditions near the bottom, even though the organic matter content in the sediments was <5%. Furthermore, despite the high fish abundance, chaoborids prevailed in zoobenthos, while Tanytarsus sp. and Chironomus sp. co-dominated among chironomids. This study attempts to explain the observed phenomena, though the presented hypotheses still need further confirmation.
Using macrophytes as trophic state indicators in upland river waters: a case study of the Czarna Maleniecka River
Authors: Kopeć Dominik , Dałkowski Radosław , Urbaniak Paweł 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The study was conducted on the upper reach of the Czarna Maleniecka River from Furmanów to the ford at Piekło. Nine sampling sites were selected along this 20-km section. Detailed studies of flora and the physicochemical water parameters were performed in the 2004-2006 period. Data on macrophytes were collected with the Mean Trophic Rank (MTR) method. The results of physicochemical measurements were analyzed in reference to the water quality classification of the Polish Ministry of the Environment. Based on the results of these studies, the authors recommend adding two species, Utricularia intermedia and Glyceria fluitans, to the list of bioindicators.
The effect of multiple heavy metals on ascorbate, glutathione and related enzymes in two mangrove plant seedlings (Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)
Authors: Huang Guo-Yong , Wang You-Shao , Sun Cui-Ci , Dong Jun-De , Sun Zong-Xun 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In this study, the effect of multiple heavy metal stress on ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes was investigated in the leaves, stems and roots of Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Mangrove seedlings were treated with five different concentrations of a heavy metal mixture (Cd2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+). Antioxidants in both the species were analyzed after one month. AsA, GSH, ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) exhibited a similar trend with initial increase and subsequent decrease in response to heavy metal stress. At the highest metal concentration, a significant decrease of AsA and GR was observed in K. candel and B. gymnorrhiza. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.9) in the leaves, stems and roots of K. candel reached their respective maximal values at the highest metal concentration, whereas GPX activity in roots and stems of B. gymnorrhiza was similar to the controls at higher metal concentrations. Our results demonstrate that AsA, GSH, APX, GR and GPX in K. candel may play more important roles in defending against reactive oxygen species (ROS) than those in B. gymnorrhiza.
Auto- and heterotrophic picoplankton in a lowland river (Warta River, Poland)
Authors: Szeląg-Wasielewska Elżbieta , Stachnik Waldemar 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The structure of plankton in a lowland river was studied with a particular focus on autotrophic as well as heterotrophic picoplankton cells. Water samples were collected in the middle, meridional section of the Warta River in 2005. Heterotrophic picoplankton (HPP) were represented by bacteria varying in size and form, but mainly by cocci and rods. HPP abundance ranged from 3.5 × 106 to 9.5 × 106 cells ml-1. Autotrophic picoplankton (APP) densities were considerably lower and ranged from 1.2 × 103 to 92 × 103 cells ml-1. They were represented by prokaryotes (picocyanobacteria) and eukaryotes (small chlorophytes). Both components occurred together but eukaryotic APP usually prevailed in terms of biomass. In terms of biomass, APP seemed to play a minor role in this ecosystem in comparison with heterotrophic picoplankton.
Analysis of environmental conditions and macro-cations composition (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Sr) in the operculum bones of estuarine fishes in the Pomeranian Bay (southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Tórz Agnieszka , Nędzarek Arkadiusz 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The aim of this study was to show the influence of environmental conditions on the ionic composition of fish bones. The analysis concerned the ionic structural composition of the operculum in fish species with different abiotic habitat preferences. Three species of fish were examined: cod, Gadus morhua L., 1758; sea trout, Salmo trutta morpha trutta L., 1758 and perch, Perca fluviatilis L., 1758. Results from hydrochemical research on salinity in the Pomeranian Bay (Southern Baltic) were also utilized. Using the determined ratios (Ca:Mg, Na:Mg, Sr:Ca and Na:Ca in the operculum and Ca:Mg, Na:Mg and Na:Ca in the waters of the Pomeranian Bay), typical correlations were determined for the analyzed habitat.
Macrocation structure in the operculum bones for each species were found to be as follows:
- cod: Ca - 32.3%, Mg - 29.8%, Na - 1.4%, K - 0.8%, Sr - 2.1%;
- sea trout: Ca - 22.8%, Mg - 13.5%, Na - 0.8%, K - 0.2%, Sr - 1.7%;
- perch, Ca - 37.9%, Mg - 15.1%, Na - 2.4%, K - 0.7%, Sr - 1.6%.
Diversity of freshwater red algae in Europe
Authors: Kwandrans Janina , Eloranta Pertti 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Of the total number of freshwater red algae (ca. 180 taxa), one third are found in Europe (ca. 60 taxa). Over one third (24 taxa) of European taxa have been found at only one single location or at very few locations. The majority of taxa live in running waters, but some occur in lakes, on wet ground, in hot springs or in garden ponds. Diversity in the Nordic countries of Sweden and Finland seems to be somewhat higher (27 and 28 taxa, respectively) than in the central and southern parts of Europe (e.g. Austria 23, Belgium 22, Hungary 9, Poland 22, Slovakia 15, Switzerland 12 and Spain 20 taxa).
4-amine-2-mercaptopyrimidine modified silica gel applied in Cd(II) and Pb(II) extraction from an aqueous medium
Authors: Pereira Adriano , Ferreira Guilherme , Caetano Laercio , Castro Renata , Santos Ademir , Padilha Pedro , Castro Gustavo 
Published: April 2010

4-amine-2-mercaptopyrimidine modified silica gel applied in Cd(II) and Pb(II) extraction from an aqueous medium
This paper discusses silica surface modification by a process involving a two-step reaction: anchoring of a silylating agent, followed by an attachment of a 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine molecule. The modified material (Si-BP) was successfully characterized by the FTIR spectra, which revealed amine absorption bands, and through 13C and 29Si NMR spectra, which confirm the proposed structure of the modified silica (Si-BP). Si-BP was used to extract cadmium and lead from an aqueous medium at 298 K. The Si-BP kinetics towards metal ions was very fast, i.e., about 10 minutes, although extraction was significantly impaired at pH 3. The series of adsorption isotherms were adjusted to a modified Langmuir equation and the maximum extraction capacity was 0.193 and 0.387 mmol g-1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. An analysis of the Ø values lead to the inference that the resulting metal ligand complex was type 1:1.
A new method for the preparation of solvatochromic 5-(5-X-6-hydroxynaphthyl-2)-7H-indolo[1,2-a]quinolinium merocyanines
Authors: Sawicka Marta , Soroka Jacek , Gąsiorowska Monika 
Published: April 2010

A new method for the preparation of solvatochromic 5-(5-X-6-hydroxynaphthyl-2)-7H-indolo[1,2-a]quinolinium merocyanines
A new method for the preparation of 7H-indolo[1,2-a]quinolinium solvatochromic dye precursors has been investigated. 5-(6-Hydroxynaphthyl-2)-7,7-dimethyl-7H-indolo[1,2-a]quinolinium perchlorate, 5-(5-bromo-6-hydroxynaphthyl-2)-7,7-dimethyl-7H-indolo[1,2-a]quinolinium perchlorate and 5-(5-nitro-6-hydroxynaphthyl-2)-7,7-dimethyl-7H-indolo[1,2-a]quinolinium perchlorate were obtained via demethylation of the corresponding 5-(5-X-6-methoxynaphthyl-2)-7,7-dimethyl-7H-indolo[1,2-a]quinolinium salts. The application of pyridinium hydrochloride in the demethylation of the methoxy perchlorates allowed to obtain the products with the almost quantitative yield in a very short time, especially when the reaction was carried out using microwave irradiation.
The effect of cathode materials on the electrochemical reduction of nitric acid
Authors: Vasudevan D. 
Published: April 2010

The effect of cathode materials on the electrochemical reduction of nitric acid
Electrochemical or chemical reduction of nitric acid is a well studied area in literature due to the importance of the products formed. The present work focuses on the effect of conventional cathode materials including PbO2, amalgamated Cu, graphite, Pb, Pt and a modified electrode material Ti/TiO2 on the reduction of nitric acid. Ammonia and hydroxylamine are the main products which are estimated by conventional titration methods. Other conditions being similar, the product distribution varies quite drastically as a function of the electrode material and Ti/TiO2 is found to favor a higher ratio of hydroxylamine to ammonia formation compared to other electrodes. The conditions have also been optimized based on the maximum yield of the product.
Kinetics of nanocrystalline iron nitriding
Authors: Arabczyk Walerian , Zamłynny Jacek , Moszyński Dariusz 
Published: April 2010

Kinetics of nanocrystalline iron nitriding
Nitriding of nanocrystalline iron was studied under the atmosphere of pure ammonia and in the mixtures of ammonia - hydrogen - nitrogen at temperatures between 350°C and 500°C using thermogravimetry and x-ray diffraction. Three stages of nitriding were observed and have been ascribed to the following schematic reactions: (1) α-Fe → γ'-Fe4N, (2) γ'- Fe4N → ε - Fe3N and (3) ε - Fe3N → ε - Fe2N. The products of these reactions appeared in the nitrided nanocrystalline iron not sequentially but co-existed at certain reaction ranges. The dependence of a reaction rate for each nitriding stage on partial pressure of ammonia is linear. Moreover, a minimal ammonia partial pressure is required to initiate the nitriding at each stage.