bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology and Development of a Termite Endoparasitoid Misotermes mindeni (Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: Foo Foong-Kuan , Othman Ahmad Sofiman , Lee Chow-Yang 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The morphology and developmental stages of Misotermes mindeni Disney & Neoh (Diptera: Phoridae), a newly described endoparasitoid of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen) (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) were studied, and biometric descriptors of eggs, larvae, and pupae were recorded. The larvae of M. mindeni exhibit three larval stages. Larvae complete their first instar development in fourth larval instars and major presoldiers, whereas the second and third instars develop entirely in major soldiers' head capsule and abdomen, respectively. The second instar can be readily differentiated from the first by the presence of a posterior spiracular base and more defined body segments, and the third instar can be discriminated from the second by the presence of respiratory horns and a well-developed posterior spiracular base. Differentiation of the larval instars is further supported by morphometric measurements. The first instar moves freely within the host's body cavity and head capsule, whereas the last two instars remain in the host's head capsule and abdomen, respectively. Termite developmental stages were used as a model to determine the developmental time of M. mindeni larvae. Duration between the first and second instars was 19.00 ± 2.28 d and between second and third instars was 36.88 ± 5.17 d. It took the third instar, 0.53 ± 0.08 d to reach pupation. The pupal stage lasted for an average of 13.51 ± 0.74 d. Mean adult longevity was 1.47 ± 0.57 d and 3.00 ± 0.98 d for females and males, respectively. Longevity of males was significantly longer than that of females.
Murgantia thomasi, a New Species of Stink Bug from the Dominican Republic (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: McPherson J E , Ahmad Imtiaz 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
We describe a new species of stink bug, Murgantia thomasi (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), from the Dominican Republic. Diagnostic characters include both external anatomy and the male and female genitalia.
Surface Activity of the Xylophagous CockroachCryptocercus punctulatus(Dictyoptera: Cryptocercidae) Based on Collections from Pitfall Traps
Authors: Nalepa C A , Grayson K L 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLittle information is available on the extra-log movement patterns of Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder (Dictyoptera: Cryptocercidae), despite its key taxonomic position as a member of the xylophagous cockroach family that is sister group to termites. We conducted a field study in which individuals of C. punctulatus were collected from pitfall traps checked daily for 7 mo on the grounds of Mountain Lake Biological Station, VA. In total, 50 large nymphs, subadults, and adults of both sexes were captured, with adult activity strongest from midsummer through autumn. Surface activity seems unrelated to rainfall. The female-to-male sex ratio of trapped cockroaches was 2:1 overall and 1.5:1 in adults. Nymphs do not begin exploring outside of natal logs until they are at least half grown and significantly pigmented and sclerotized. Dissections of adult females indicated that more than half captured outside of logs (56%) had sperm in the spermatheca, and one female was carrying a spermatophore. These results suggest that sexual exclusivity cannot be assumed between paired individuals of this species.
Reproductive Biology of Three Cosmopolitan Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species, Pseudococcus longispinus, Pseudococcus viburni, and Planococcus ficus
Authors: Waterworth Rebeccah A , Wright Ian M , Millar Jocelyn G 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Experiments confirmed that female Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), and Planococcus ficus Signoret (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) must mate to produce viable offspring. Females of all three species were capable of mating multiple times on the same day and on sequential days (range, 1–8 times). Female reproductive output was not increased by multiple copulations. Male P. longispinus, P. viburni, and P. ficus also mated multiple times during their lifetimes (maximum of 9, 11, and 19 times, respectively). Male P. ficus had the highest mean number of copulations (9.6 ± 0.6), followed by P. longispinus and P. viburni. More than half of the P. ficus males survived their first day of copulations and remated the next day when presented with unmated females. P.viburni males also readily mated with unmated females on the day subsequent to their first copulations. Median times between copulations were short for males of all species (&lt;2 min). Constant exposure to pheromone had no detectable effect on the activity levels of male P. ficus and P.longispinus, whereas P.viburni males exposed to pheromone emerged significantly earlier from their cocoons than control males without pheromone exposure. Constant exposure to pheromone had no effect on the longevity of males of any species compared with controls. The implications of the results of these experiments for pheromone-based methods of managing mealybugs are discussed.
Geodesic manifolds with a transitive subset of smooth biLipschitz maps
Authors: Le Donne Enrico 
Published: March 2011

This paper is connected with the problem of describing path metric spaces that are homeomorphic to manifolds and biLipschitz homogeneous, i.e., whose biLipschitz homeomorphism group acts transitively.

Our main result is the following. Let

X = G/H

be a homogeneous manifold of a Lie group

G

and let

d

be a geodesic distance on

X

inducing the same topology. Suppose that there exists a subgroup

G_S

of

G

that acts transitively on

X

such that each element

g \in G_S

induces a locally biLipschitz homeomorphism of the metric space

(X,d)

. Then the metric is locally biLipschitz equivalent to a sub-Riemannian metric. Any such metric is defined by a bracket generating

G_S

-invariant sub-bundle of the tangent bundle.

The result is a consequence of a more general fact that requires a transitive family of uniformly biLipschitz diffeomorphisms with a control on their differentials. It will be relevant that the group acting transitively on the space is a Lie group and so it is locally compact, since, in general, the whole group of biLipschitz maps, unlikely the isometry group, is not locally compact.
Our method also gives an elementary proof of the following fact. Given a Lipschitz sub-bundle of the tangent bundle of a Finsler manifold, both the class of piecewise differentiable curves tangent to the sub-bundle and the class of Lipschitz curves almost everywhere tangent to the sub-bundle give rise to the same Finsler–Carnot–Carathéodory metric, under the condition that the topologies induced by these distances coincide with the manifold topology.
Highly Soluble and Oxidizing Organic Salts Doped Hole‐Transporting Layer Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Luo Xin , Gao Danpeng , Zhang Daqing , Zhou Guorong , Guo Yuxiao , Zhang Chunlei , Zhu Zonglong , Xu Bo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChemical doping plays a crucial role in enhancing the charge transport and electrical conductivity of hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), leading to improved device performance and stability. However, developing highly soluble and oxidizing chemical dopants that ensure stable PSCs remains a significant challenge. Herein, the design and synthesis of a novel organic radical cation salt, XD1, comprising tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)aminium as the radical cation and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI⁻) as the anion, are reported. XD1 exhibits excellent solubility in various organic solvents and demonstrates strong oxidative capability, significantly boosting the conductivity of HTLs by three orders of magnitude. Compared to conventional dopants like LiTFSI and Magic Blue (MB), XD1‐doped Spiro‐OMeTAD films demonstrate superior characteristics, including enhanced compactness, uniformity, and hydrophobicity. Remarkably, PSCs incorporating 2.0 mol% XD1 achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.25%, surpassing the 24.44% PCE of LiTFSI‐doped cells. Particularly, unencapsulated PSCs with XD1 retain over 91% of their initial efficiency after 1 000 h of continuous one‐sun illumination at 85 °C in an N₂ atmosphere. This work represents a significant advancement in the development of highly soluble and efficient dopants for efficient and stable PSCs.
Dipropyne‐Modified N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Atomically Precise Copper(I) Nanocluster Catalysts for CO₂ Electroreduction
Authors: Han Bao‐Liang , Zhao Lan‐Cheng , Yuan Zhi‐Rui , Wang Zhi , Yu Qun , Luo Geng‐Geng , Wang Li‐Kai , Tung Chen‐Ho , Sun Di 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAtomically precise copper(I) nanoclusters with stable active sites are highly sought‐after catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR), providing an exceptional platform to elucidate structure–activity relationships. However, the rational synthesis of robust copper nanoclusters as effective electrocatalysts and understanding the relationship between a more realistic active site and its performance remain a significant challenge due to their inherent instability. Here, a novel dipropyne‐modified NHC ligand is elaborately devised to synthesis two atomically precise copper nanoclusters, [Cu17H6(NHCH)4(dppm)4]3+ (Cu17a) and [Cu17H6(NHCPh)4(dppm)4]3+ (Cu17b), both exhibiting a distinct unique square orthobicupola Cu17H6 core (J28, Johnson solid). The robust σ‐ and π‐bonding between copper and the NHC ligands imparts ultrahigh stability of nanoclusters, while the unique coordination pattern (μ7‐ησ1:ησ1:ησ1:ησ1:ησ1:ηπ2:ηπ2) of NHC ligands facilitates exposure of neighboring copper atoms, generating accessible catalytic sites. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction experiments show that Cu17a achieves the highest Faradaic efficiency for ethylene production among reported nanoclusters. The active sites and tandem catalytic reaction mechanism of the CO2RR are elucidated through a combination of theoretical calculations with attenuated total reflection‐surface‐enhanced IR absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS). This work not only introduces dipropyne‐modified NHC ligands for synthesizing stable copper nanoclusters but also offers critical insights into molecular design principles for CO2RR catalysts.
Embodied Auxetic Intelligence in a Glove‐Type Wearable Haptic Interface Connecting Humans to Robots and the Metaverse
Authors: Oh Saewoong , Jang JaeHyung , Ji Wonhee , Yang Yang , Khan Mannan , Majidi Carmel , Ryu Jee‐Hwan , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe versatility of fingers stems from their ability to interact with surroundings by taking poses, performing various grasping modes, and making dynamic bending motions. However, conventional glove‐type wearable interfaces often fail to fully engage the structural diversity and dynamic motions of fingers, providing tactile feedback to limited areas and restricting the full utilization of finger versatility for rich interactions. Here, a glove‐type auxetic wearable haptic (GAWH) interface that employs an auxetic meta‐design to offer embodied mechanical intelligence is introduced. This unique design ensures the positioning of haptic‐effective regions on all finger joints with high conformability, despite the variations in finger sizes among individuals. The GAWH delivers multimodal tactile feedback including static pressure, dynamic vibration, and variable stiffness with high spatial resolution to all joints. This enables users to interact with objects through diverse grasping modes and enhanced perception. Consequently, the GAWH provides real‐time meta‐linkage to virtual reality, allowing users to perform grasping tasks intuitively. Additionally, the GAWH facilitates interaction between humans and robots by enabling users to understand how robots feel during haptic‐assisted teleoperation. Overall, this work establishes a foundation for wearable haptic interfaces that can simultaneously enhance versatility, adaptability, and diversity, leveraging the full potential of the versatile fingers.
Dual‐Function Nanocomposites: CuS@ZnO P–N Heterojunctions for Enhanced Light‐Driven Photocatalysis and Microbial Inactivation
Authors: Mahmood Zahid , Abbas Naseem , Bilal Muhammad , Javed Khalid , Mahmood Sajid , Iqbal Shahid , Shah Mazloom , Alotaibi Khalid M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOrganic dyes pose significant environmental and health concerns, including increased carcinogenicity and detrimental effects on photosynthesis due to elevated levels of BOD and COD. Herein, a hydrothermal approach was employed to synthesize CuS@ZnO nanocomposites. Structural properties of the prepared nanocomposites were confirmed and evaluated by using XRD and FTIR techniques. Morphological characteristics and particle size (showing an average size of around 40 nm) were evaluated by FESEM. To assess their effectiveness, the prepared nanomaterials were investigated against the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB). The CuS@ZnO‐b composite, with a 1:1 M ratio, achieved an impressive 94.31% photodegradation efficiency against 10 ppm RhB with a quantum yield of 1.97 × 10−5 molecules photon−1 (within 120 min at pH 4.0, 50‐W light intensity and 40°C). The ability of the CuS@ZnO photocatalyst to absorb visible light effectively and generate free radicals was significantly enhanced by increased photon energy activation. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the CuS@ZnO nanocomposite was tested against two bacterial strains, Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli, using the agar disk diffusion technique. The nanocomposites showed excellent antimicrobial activity, producing inhibition zones of 18 mm for Lactobacillus and 19 mm for Escherichia coli, demonstrating their strong potential to combat these bacteria. These findings underscore potential advancements in photocatalytic systems for water purification applications.
Evaluation of New Zealand's Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Medical Imaging Research Output: A Bibliometric‐Based Approach
Authors: Li Vicky , Mdletshe Sibusiso 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe use of medical imaging services has increased globally with a concurrent increase in radiology, nuclear medicine and medical imaging (RNMI) research. However, New Zealand's RNMI research output relative to global trends is under‐examined. This project evaluates New Zealand's RNMI research output between 1996 and 2022 compared to selected countries while highlighting global RNMI research output trends.MethodsA bibliometric‐based performance analysis was conducted using publication data from the SCImago Journal, the Country Rank portal, Clarivate InCites Benchmarking, and the Analytics platform. Registration data of RNMI professionals by country was collected to evaluate the relationship between research output and the number of registered professionals.ResultsAmong the seven selected countries (the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa), New Zealand's research output was low, even when adjusted for population size and the number of professionals. A significant positive correlation was found between the number of registered RNMI professionals and the number of RNMI publications. Despite this, New Zealand had the highest percentage of RNMI documents cited.ConclusionAlthough New Zealand's RNMI publications follow the global upward trend, it does so at a proportionate loss. New Zealand ranked low in most bibliometric indicators apart from the percentage of documents cited, where it showed a notable citation impact. Emphasising research, increasing collaborative efforts, and undertaking further statistical analyses may enhance New Zealand's RNMI research output.
The Accuracy of Sonographers' Reports in a High‐Risk Obstetric Service: Is the Input of Radiologists Necessary?
Authors: Necas Martin , Prout Kara , Park Sarah , Mourits Danielle , Lewis Elizabeth , Wackrow Wendy , Manunui Emma , Hall Caitlin , Park Angelina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSonographers demonstrate high accuracy in the interpretation and independent reporting of diagnostic ultrasound examinations. This raises important questions about whether sonographers need to be routinely supervised by radiologists. The aim of this study was to compare obstetric reports independently issued by sonographers with final reports issued by radiologists in a large tertiary teaching hospital.MethodsThis study was a retrospective sequential review of obstetric ultrasound reports on high‐risk antenatal clinic patients and obstetric inpatients between 19 August 2024 and 11 October 2024. Sonographers performed the required examinations and independently issued their reports directly to clinicians. At a later time, radiologists reviewed the sonographers' reports and authorised final reports. Any differences between the sonographers' and radiologists' reports were analyzed.ResultsOf the 650 reports issued by sonographers, 269 (41%) contained abnormal findings, most commonly abnormal growth, fluid volume, or Doppler parameters. Radiologists agreed with the sonographers' clinical interpretation in 649(99.8%) of cases. Radiologists detected no single error in the sonographers' interpretation of fetal viability, growth, amniotic fluid, Doppler parameters, fetal abnormalities, utero‐placental abnormalities, or adnexal abnormality. The involvement of radiologists in the verification/authorization of sonographers' reports resulted in the introduction of one new interpretive error and 13 new interpretive discrepancies. Sonographers committed a small number of spelling (12), transcription (7), wrong word errors (2) and one wrong patient error (1). Radiologists did not detect the majority of these errors.ConclusionIndependent reporting of obstetric ultrasound examinations by sonographers is safe and effective. We recommend that sonographers authorize obstetric reports independently.
Thermodynamic analysis of Casson fluid flow through porous rectangular conduit in the presence of thermal radiation and convective boundaries
Authors: Koyani Foram , Raje Ankush , Bhise Ashlesha , Ramesh Katta 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe study of flow and heat transfer in Casson fluid is of significant importance, as the Casson fluid model effectively describes various complex fluids relevant to industries such as food processing, nuclear reactors, engineering devices, and biomedical applications. In this work, the flow characteristics, heat transfer behavior, entropy generation, and Bejan number have been analyzed for the incompressible Casson fluid flowing through a rectangular duct embedded in a porous medium. No‐slip boundary conditions for fluid velocity and convective boundary conditions for thermal transport are applied at the duct walls. Additionally, the impact of thermal radiation on temperature profiles is investigated to understand heat transfer enhancement. The governing equations include the momentum equation (describing fluid velocity), the energy equation (describing temperature distribution), and thermodynamic equations (addressing entropy generation and irreversibility). These equations are modelled and solved using the well‐established finite difference method. The results, presented as two‐dimensional graphs, provide valuable insights into the influence of key parameters on fluid behavior, heat transfer efficiency, and system irreversibility, offering implications for practical applications.
Decoloniality as an Essential Trustworthy AI Requirement
Authors: Wakunuma Kutoma , Ogoh George , Akintoye Simisola , Eke Damian Okaibedi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Requirements for achieving trustworthiness in AI differ based on socio-cultural and political expectations of a community, country, or region. In this chapter, we present decoloniality as an essential requirement for trustworthy AI in Africa and other regions with visible scars of colonialism and continued coloniality. Through a critical examination of evident colonial tendencies or coloniality in AI ecosystems, this chapter provides clarity on realisation and assessment of decoloniality in the design, development, and deployment of AI systems in and for Africa. We make the argument that decoloniality will help in dismantling the legacies of colonialism that continue to shape global power dynamics and knowledge production and in this case AI. We also explore the challenges decoloising AI face in Africa and conclude by making recommendations for both policy and practice.
A Note on the Facial Edge-Coloring Conjecture
Authors: Jendrol’ Stanislav , Onderko Alfréd 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let G be a connected plane graph that can have loops and multiple edges. An l-facial edge-coloring of a plane graph G is a coloring of edges of G such that any two edges, that share the same facial trail of length at most

$$l + 1$$

l
+
1

, receive distinct colors. It is an edge variant of the l-facial vertex coloring, which arose as a generalization of the well-known cyclic coloring. It was conjectured by Lužar et al. in 2015 that every plane graph admits an l-facial edge-coloring with at most

$$3l + 1$$

3
l
+
1

colors for any

$$l \ge 1$$

l
≥
1

. It is known that the bound

$$3l+1$$

3
l
+
1

is tight for general plane graphs. The conjecture was recently confirmed for

$$l \le 3$$

l
≤
3

by Horňák, Lužar and Štorgel (3-facial edge-coloring of plane graphs, Discrete Math. 346 (2023) 113312). In this note we prove that the conjecture holds, in the case when

$$l \ge 4$$

l
≥
4

, for every graph whose reduction (the graph obtained from G by suppressing all its 2-vertices) is 3-edge connected, and the length of the longest path in G with interior vertices of degree 2 is at most

$$\frac{3l + 1}{10}$$

3
l
+
1

10

.
Differences in Blood Eosinophil Level During Stable Disease and During Exacerbation of COPD and Exacerbation Risks
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Chau Chi Hung , Lam Fai Man , Ho James Chung Man 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Although blood eosinophil count (BEC) has been extensively studied as a biomarker in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there remain challenges and controversy in using a single reading. It has not been determined whether the difference in BEC between baseline and that during an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) has any role in predicting subsequent AECOPD.

Methods
A prospective study was conducted to investigate the possible role of differences in BEC from baseline to that during AECOPD to predict future AECOPD risk. The BEC difference was expressed as absolute eosinophil difference: BEC at index moderate-to-severe exacerbation (E
i) – baseline BEC (E
0).

Results
Among 348 Chinese patients with COPD, 158 who experienced an index moderate-to-severe AECOPD were analyzed. Using the cut-off of 105 cells/µL for absolute eosinophil difference as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, patients with absolute eosinophil difference ≥ 105 cells/µL had a shorter time to subsequent AECOPD with adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.68 (95% CI = 1.02–2.74; p = 0.040). They also had a higher annual number of subsequent AECOPD (2.49 ± 2.84/year vs 1.58 ± 2.44/year, p = 0.023). Similar findings were shown in the subgroup with stable-state baseline BEC < 300 cells/µL.

Conclusion
Greater difference in BEC between baseline and upon moderate-to-severe AECOPD might be associated with shorter time to next AECOPD, as well as more episodes of subsequent AECOPD.