bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PW01-196 - Relationship Between Schizophrenic Symptoms And Fmri Activity During Performance Of A Working Memory Task
Authors: Wible C. , Hashimoto R. , Molina I. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionRecent reports show that psychological functions such as working memory, attention and intention produce overlapping functional activation in the inferior parietal region. Task activation related to attention shifting, theory of mind and agency also overlaps in the inferior parietal and posterior superior temporal regions. We hypothesized that schizophrenic symptoms may stem from abnormal activity in these regions.ObjectivesTo understand the relationship between brain abnormalities and symptoms in schizophrenia.AimsTo show that abnormal activity in the inferior parietal and posterior superior temporal regions during working memory is related to certain schizophrenic symptoms.Methods14 schizophrenic and 14 normal control subjects were tested using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with a verbal working memory paradigm. Symptoms were assessed using the SAPS and SANS scales.ResultsAs hypothesized, activity in the posterior superior temporal sulcus during working memory was correlated with levels of delusions in schizophrenic subjects. Connectivity strength between regions in the inferior parietal and anterior insula language related regions was related to levels of auditory hallucinations.ConclusionsThese regions are part of speech and voice perception and production networks. Voice perception during conversation also involves gesture processing, working memory and dynamic shifting of attention, as well as social cognition (e.g. theory of mind) and self/other (agency) representation. Overactivation of this social communication system could result in the symptoms of schizophrenia. We will present the results in the context of a framework implicating these regions in the generation of most of the symptoms of schizophrenia.
PW01-197 - Social Support In Patients With Chronic Combat Related Ptsd In Croatia
Authors: Bras M. , Gregurek R. , Milunovic V. , Boban M. , Jasaragic M. , Laco M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe main aim of this research is to evaluate the connection of various components of social support with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We set up hypothesis that the level of the perceived social support mediates beneficial effects on various PTSD symptoms. Second hypothesis states that perceived social support is in positive connection with quality of life.Methods246 outpatients with chronic combat related PTSD participated in this study. On the base of different questionnaires we examined social support, quality of life and PTSD symptomatology (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support- MSPSS, Trauma symptoms inventory -TSI-A, World Health Organization Quality Of Life-BREF). We tried to identify three main factors of social support by factor analysis of MSPSS. Those factors were used in logistic and multiple regression analysis in order to prove our hypothesis.ResultsIn contrast to other researchers, we defined only two factors in MSPSS: “family support” explaining 52.9% of total variability and “peer support” explaining 18.5% of total variability. These factors used as predictors were not shown significant in multiple regression analysis predicting the PTSD symptoms defined by TSI-A. However, the levels of perceived social support were positively correlated with all four domains of quality of life.ConclusionOur research shows that role of social support in chronic course of PTSD is questionable, possibly due to personality changes and secondary traumatization, which is being supported by other researchers emphasizing it's importance in the early course of PTSD.
PW01-199 - Barriers To Physical Health Care In People With Mental Illness
Authors: de Hert M. , Cohen D. 
Published: June 2010

People with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, depression or bipolar disorder, have worse physical health and reduced life expectancy compared to the general population. The excess cardiovascular mortality associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is attributed in part to an increased risk of the modifiable coronary heart disease risk factors; obesity, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia.Over recent years both national and international groups have developed screening and monitoring guidelines but these are not being routinely implemented in the clinical care of patients. A review of the literature identifies barriers to comprehensive screening, monitoring and treatment of somatic co-morbidities on the level of professionals (both within psychiatry as well as in primary care), patients, health care systems (organisational and financial aspects) and health policies.Psychiatrists and primary care physicians should play an active role in ensuring that patients with mental illness are not disadvantaged. Measures should include the assessment and management of cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes as part of the care of their psychiatric patients. When indicated, shared care with cardiologists, diabetologists, specialist nurses or other specialists should be established.The aim of the recent joint statement on cardiovascular disease an diabetes in people with severe mental illness of the EPA, EASD and ESC is to reduce cardiovascular risk and to improve diabetes care in patients with SMI and to improve overall health and well-being of the patients (De Hert et al. 2009). This should reduce the burden of physical illness for patients, their families and healthcare services.
PW01-201 - Ptsd And Other Psychiatric Disorders Among Concentration Camp Survivors In Bosnia And Herzegovina
Authors: Licanin I. 
Published: June 2010

During war time in Bosnia (1992-1995) many inhabitants and fighters were arrested and incarcerated in concentration camps where many underwent torture and inhuman treatment.ObjectivesTo establish the prevalence of PTSD and other psychiatric morbidity and associated factors among the Bosnian Concentration Camp survivors.MethodsProspective descriptive study of 750 concentration camp survivors, who were treated at Psychiatric Clinic in Sarajevo, included in the study, which conducted from January 2007-June 2009. These POWs were captured in concentration camps during war time in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Lifetime and Current PTSD, IES-R score and other Psychiatric Morbidity as measured using the SCID and the IES-R.ResultsA DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of current PTSD was made in 555 (74%) of the survivors.75 (10%) suffered from Depression, 120 (16%) from Anxiety disorders. PTSD co-morbidity was in 444 (80%) with Personality Disorders, or with Panic attacks, or with drug and alcohol abuse. Current PTSD was associated with higher IES-R scores and older age, lower income, non-islamic religion, larger household size, older age at incarceration, greater length of incarceration, incarceration in two or more camps, experiencing other traumatic events, family history of mental illness and having other psychiatric illness. After treatment 229 (30.53%) of patients had severe Personality disorders after experienced trauma. Majority of PTSD patients were chronic.ConclusionsSimilar to other former Prisoners of War (POWs) elsewhere, these survivors suffer high PTSD prevalence rates and a special veterans’ service is recommended to address this problem and its associated factors among these and other veterans in Bosnia.
PW01-203 - Predictors Of Stigmatizing And Destigmatizing Articles On Mental Illness In The Printed Media: A Central European Perspective
Authors: Nawka A. , Vukušić Rukavina T. , Nawková L. , Adámková T. , Holcnerová P. , Rojnić Kuzman M. , Jovanović N. , Brborović O. , Bednárová B. , Ňuchová S. , Miovský M. , Raboch J. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesMany studies describing print media representations of mental illnesses have showed that these depictions are frequently negative and contribute to consequent stigmatization of people with mental illness. The main objective of this international study was to identify predictors of stigmatizing and nonstigmatizing articles on mental illness in Czech Republic, Croatia and Slovakia.MethodsThe study sample comprised all articles pertaining to the topic of mental illness (N=450) chosen from 6 most widely read newspapers and magazines identified during five weeklong periods in 2007. The presence of stigmatization and destigmatization statements was coded and articles were grouped in positive, neutral, mixed and negative clusters. Negative/positive ratio (NPR) was used to assess the predictor value of different features of the article regarding stigmatization.Results61.8% of articles contained some stigmatizing statements towards persons with mental illness. The highest NPR was found in articles published in tabloids (6.8), on the front page (3.7) and in the articles where psychotic disorder was mentioned (7.4) and mentally ill person figured as a source of information (1.8). Lowest NPR was found in magazines (0.6), articles in later sections (1.7) that mentioned eating disorders (0.3) and scientific surveys (0.1).ConclusionsThere is a high level of stigmatizing statements in the studied articles. As the strongest predictors of stigmatizing content we have identified articles that are published in tabloids and articles with reference to psychosis. Contrary to this, eating disorders had the least stigmatizing depiction as well as articles containing scientific data.
PW01-204 - Is Stigma Affected By Treatment Of Mental Illness?
Authors: Nearney H. , Beezhold J. , Nordt C. , Howe A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe Social Distance Scale (SDS) has been widely used as a proxy to explore stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness.ObjectivesTo administer a vignette-based questionnaire incorporating the SDS to first year healthcare undergraduates.AimsTo compare the attitudes of participants towards active and resolved cases of mental illness.Methods567 students were sent an electronic questionnaire containing one vignette selected at random from a possibility of six (describing either active or medically resolved depression, schizophrenia or asthma). Participants then completed the SDS as used by Nordt (2006), to indicate what level of social closeness they would accept with such a person described in the vignette.Results180 responses were received (31.7% response rate). Good levels of reliability for the Social Distance Scale were demonstrated (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. A linear regression model was applied which explained 18% of the variance. Respondents showed significantly more social distance towards the vignettes describing active cases of depression, schizophrenia and asthma compared to the vignettes describing medically resolved cases (+0.21; p=0.045). Social distance towards the schizophrenia vignette was significantly higher (+0.28; P=0.031) compared to the depression vignette, and social distance towards the asthma vignette was significant lower (-0.413; p=0.001) compared to the depression vignetteConclusionsStudents were more socially distant towards the active cases of mental and physical illness compared to the resolved cases. A hierarchy of social distance existed, with most distance shown towards schizophrenia, followed by depression, with asthma receiving the least social distance.
PW01-215 - Connections Between Trait Anxiety And The Mechanisms Of Decision Making In Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Andó B. , Szkaliczki A. , Domján N. , László S. , Kurgyis E. , Honti J. , Demeter I. , Szikszay P. , Janka Z. , Álmos P. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesAccording to recent studies anxiety has a significant impact on cognitive functioning, especially on decision-making. Alcohol dependent patients (ADP) achieve worse performance on decision-making simulation tasks compared to healthy controls. Our aim was to investigate how trait anxiety is connected to decision-making mechanisms in ADP.MethodsThe data of 76 ADP have been analyzed. To examine decision-making mechanisms we used the “ABCD” version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The IGT total score was calculated and we divided the task into 5 equal blocks to study the pattern of the decision-making process. We administered the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The patient group was arranged into two subgroups with median split method based on the STAI scores. One group (N=38) was characterized by low trait anxiety level, and the other (N=38) had high level of trait anxiety. For comparing the two groups’ decision-making mechanisms we used independent samples t-test.ResultsThe group with higher level of trait anxiety performed significantly poorer on the IGT (t=2.09, p=0.04). The detailed analysis of the two groups’ decision-making mechanisms showed that the difference between the groups became significant in the 5th block (t=2.57, p=0.01).ConclusionsDecision-making deficit is not homogenous in the ADP group, as according to our results the trait anxiety level influences the adequacy of decision-making. Psycho-biological background of the inadequate decision-making needs further investigation and this knowledge could be used in the future to improve decision-making mechanisms of the ADP.
PW01-222 - Adolescents Using Hallucinogens Within A Religious Context: A Neuropsychological Assessment
Authors: Doering-Silveira E. , Lopez E. , Grob C.S. , De Rios M.D. , Shirakawa I. , Bertolucci P.H. , Silveira D.X. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe use of psychoactive substances has been frequently associated with cognitive impairment. More and more people, including adolescents, use the plant hallucinogen beverage “ayahuasca” throughout the world. Long-term ayahuasca use by adolescents might eventually result in impaired cognitive performance.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess neuropsychological performance of adolescents who consume ayahuasca within a religious ritual setting.MethodForty ayahuasca consuming adolescents and forty adolescents who never used ayahuasca were compared on their performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests. Groups were matched by sex, age, and educational level.ResultsBoth groups performed well on all neuropsychological tests. However, there were differences between the groups. Controls outperformed subjects on more complex tests, that is, those requiring more cognitive functions to perform a specific task.ConclusionsAdolescents who consume ayahuasca performed well on all the neuropsychological tests. However they did not perform as well as the control group whenever extra cognitive strength was required. It is possible that ayahuasca may have some subtle effect on cognition that can only be observed before highly demanding tasks. However, other variables may have interfered with these findings.
PW01-226 - Relapse Related Factors In Drug Dependent Patients After Detoxification Process In An Inpatient Unit
Authors: Grau-López L. , Roncero C. , Gonzalvo B. , Fusté G. , Barral C. , Alvarós J. , Navarro C. , López-Craver M.V. , Voltes N. , Casas M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThere are few studies about the characteristics of Substance Use Disorder patients that relapse, defined by restart of the substance use that motivated the intake, after discharge from a Detoxification Unit.ObjectivesTo analyze the percentage of patients who had a relapse in the following 3 months after discharge and to describe their sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutical characteristics.MethodsWe prospectively studied drug dependents patients admitted to our Detoxification Unit from June 2008 to August 2009. Data was gathered at admission on demographic (gender, age), clinical (main abused drug, psychiatric comorbidities, polydrug users) and therapeutical variables (hospitalisation duration, prescribed treatment). Patients were followed up for 3 months and assessed for relapse at 1 and 3 months by clinical interview, alcohol screening test and/or urinalysis. Results from patients with and without relapses were compared.ResultsThe study sample included 103 patients (77,7% men, average age 38,31±9). At month 3, 57,3% of the patients had relapsed. We found significant differences between the relapse and the non-relapse group on the percentage of polydrug users (68,6% vs 31,4%, p=0,05), on heroine as main drug of abuse (76% vs 24%, p=0,05) and psychiatric comorbidities (60,8% vs 39,2%, p=0,04), being psychotic disorders the most frequent. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups concerning therapeutical variables.ConclusionsMore than half of the patients that ended the detoxification process relapsed in the first 3 months. Polydrug use, opiate dependence and having a psychiatric comorbidity might be considered as risk factors for relapse.
PW01-229 - (Mis)Use Of Alcohol By The Young Population In Serbia
Authors: Jugovic A. , Sarajlija M. , Sarajlija A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionSocio-cultural and family context of Serbian post-conflict and transition society intensifies overall risks of alcohol (mis)use.AimThe main purpose of this article was to analyze the risk behavior of young people in relation to (mis)use of alcoholic beverages in Serbia. Five indicators were examined: use of alcohol by the very young, frequency of use of alcoholic beverages, the state of getting drunk, combination of alcohol and psychoactive substances and motives for use of alcoholic beverages.MethodThe study included 3.111 participants aged between 16 and 35 years from different parts of Serbia. Collection of data was conducted in April 2007. Participants completed self-administered anonymous questionnaires (modified YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOUR SURVEY) that consisted of sociodemographic characteristics and experiences related to alcohol (mis)use.ResultsMajority of participants reported drinking alcohol at the age of fifteen or younger. Lifetime alcohol use was reported by 75% participants. Prevalence of alcohol drinking was threefold higher among males. The overall prevalence of the state of getting drunk among participants was 36%. During one month before survey 10% of participants have expirienced combination of alcohol and psychoactive substances. Key motives for use of alcoholic beverages were relaxation (33%) and friendship (17%).ConclusionEarly alcohol use, history of family disorganization and parental alcoholism were identified as factors related to increased risk of (mis)use of alcohol among young in Serbia.(Mis)use of alcohol was related to significantly higher risk of other risk behaviors as marijuana use, violence, gambling, driving car in alcoholic state.
PW01-231 - Attentional Dysfunctions In Multiple Drug Abuse: Impact Of Drug Clustering, Age Of Onset And Comorbid Mental Disorder
Authors: Kunert H.J. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionSo far, research on cognitive functions in multiple drug abusers with a very early age of onset has been only tentative. Furthermore, outcome research for therapy or rehabilitation is urgently needed in subgroups of this heterogeneous cohort of drug abusers.MethodsDifferent cognitive domains (i.e. intelligence and attentiveness) of N = 750 patients were tested in a rehabilitation hospital for multiple drug abuse and comorbid mental disorder. The test results were correlated with the prominent drug cluster of the patients over the last 10 years. Calculated were also the impact of age of onset and mental disorder on the attentional system.ResultsDrug clustering showed different effects on attentional functions. Morphine was hardly associated with serious deficits. Cannabis showed effects in the domains of multimodal stimulus processing (i.e. divided attention) and visual attention (visual scanning) with respect to cumulative lifetime dosage and the duration of use. Cumulative use of alcohol also had a negative effect on the attentional system, particularly on frontal executive functions (i.e. flexibility and working memory). The effect of amphetamines, methamphetamines and cocaine varied depending on which other drugs were used. Comorbidity (e.g., schizophrenia or developmental disorders) also had significant effects on the test results.ConclusionsSpecific attentional dysfunctions can lead to diminished behaviour control and impairments in professional abilities (e.g., ability to drive or operate a machine). The results of our study are important for diagnosis and planning therapy or rehabilitation especially in younger patients.
PW01-234 - Severity Of Adicction And Psy-5 Traits In Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Magallón-Neri E. , Goti J. , Canalda G. , Díaz R. , Aso L. , Castro-Fornieles J. , Forns M. 
Published: June 2010

The objective of this study was to examine the association of different personality traits on severity of addiction indexes and patterns of drug use level, in a sample of adolescent psychiatric patients with Substance Use Disorders (SUD), based on the dimensional model of Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) of the MMPI-A.MethodThe Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI), the MMPI-A, and an inventory of drug use pattern were administered to 73 psychiatric patients (M=16.0, SD=1.18 years old; 51% male).ResultsRho Spearman correlations showed significant associations between Disconstraint (DISC) and T-ASI indexes of drug and social problems (rho= .342, p= .003, and rho= .320, p= .006) and also between DISC in relation to level of cannabis use and other drugs than cocaine and amphetamines (rho= .334, p= .004, and rho= .274, p= .023). The dimension of Psychoticism (PSYC) and Aggressiveness (AGGR) showed slight association with cannabis use (rho= .236, p= .045, and rho= .247, p= .035). The Negative emotionality (NEGE) and Introversion (INTR) showed a moderate association with the T-ASI index of psychiatric problems (rho= .265, p=0.023, and rho=.256, p= .029) but not with drug problems.ConclusionsThe DISC trait could represent a good indicator of risk for drug related problems. High scores in PSYC and AGGR are slightly associated to increase level of cannabis use. While psychiatric complaints are associated with NEGE and INTR traits.
PW01-235 - Impairments On The Startle Reflex And The Prepulse Inhibition In Abstinent Alcoholic Males
Authors: Marin M. , Martinez I. , Ponce G. , López J. , Rubio G. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesStartle reflex (SR) is a defensive response to sudden, intense stimuli. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the ability of innocuous sensory events to reduce SR. PPI has been described as an operational measure of sensorimotor gating that is reduced in several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, but there is no extensive experience in addictions and alcoholism. The objective of this study was to examine the existence of impairments on SR and PPI in abstinent alcoholic males.MethodsSubjects were 40 abstinent alcoholic males, aged 18 to 65 years (mean age 44.73), who had met DSM-IV criteria for Alcohol Dependence, being abstinent for more than a month at the moment they were tested. Participants underwent testing for PPI. Subjects were then compared with 35 equal controls.ResultsMagnitudes of the SR were lower in abstinent alcoholic males when compared with controls. This differences were significant (p< 0,05) in trials with prepulse presented 30, 60 or 120 msec before the onset of startle stimulus. There was a significant less percentage of PPI when prepulse was presented 30 msec before the startle stimulus (p< 0,05).ConclusionsAbstinent alcoholic males exhibit a decrease in the startle response magnitude and in the PPI of the SR. These data suggest that sensory information processing mechanisms could be damaged in abstinent alcoholic patients. The fact that these findings are common to other psychiatric disorders, could indicate the existence of a common vulnerability marker, and could explain the important comorbidity between alcoholism and other mental illness.