bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biopotency of Vitamin E in Lucerne Meal for Chickens
Authors: HASSAN S. , HAKKARAINEN J. , BENGTSSON G. , JÖNSSON L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn order to estimate the biopotency of vitamin E in lucerne/alfalfa meal in comparison to that of dl‐α‐tocopheryl acetate (dl‐α‐Ta; all‐rac‐α‐Ta) a study was conducted with newly hatched White Leghorn male chicks. An increase in the vitamin E level in the liver and plasma, and the prevention of nutritional encephalomalacia (NE) were used as criteria for biopotency.After a vitamin E depletion period of one week posthatching, the chicks continued on a semipurified, vitamin E free basal diet without vitamin E supplementation, or were repleted with graded levels of that vitamin for six weeks, provided as extracted lucerne oil or as dl‐α‐Ta. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection was used for the analysis of the vitamin E homologues. The diagnosis of NE was based on clinical and histopathological observations.A significant increase (P < 0.05) in vitamin E content in the liver and plasma was observed in response to dietary supplementation with both vitamin E sources. The linear increase both in the liver and plasma storage assays was associated with a reduced incidence of NE. The disease was totally prevented by a dietary supplement of 7.50 and 5.40 mg vitamin E/Kg feed provided as dl‐α‐Ta or lucerne oil, respectively. The natural biopotency of the vitamin E in lucerne meal compared with that of dl‐α‐Ta in the liver and plasma storage assays and in the prevention of NE was 123, 105 and 99%, respectively, as calculated by the slope ratio technique.
Characterization of Biliary Proteins and Composition of Bile from Sheep and Goats
Authors: KAUR B. , AHUJA S. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHigher lipid content in gall bladder bile of sheep and goats as compared with monogastric species was due to higher proportion of glycerides. The volume of bile per gall bladder was higher in sheep than in goats. Bile from sheep and goats has a higher content of proteins and lower contents of dry matter, cholesterol and phospholipids compared with monogastric species. Biliary proteins partially purified by the ammonium sulfate precipitation method were characterized and quantified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and immunodiffusion. FPLC and PAGE profiles indicate that biliary proteins of sheep and goats are mainly of low mol. wt. of upto 65 KDa. Proportions of immunoglobulin (Ig) like molecules in biliary proteins precipitated by ammonium sulfate of different degrees of saturation, were 10.4 to 26.7 and 21.9 to 30.7 per cent of total proteins in bile of goats and sheep. IgG and IgA like molecules were the predominant Ig and lacked carbohydrates. On immunodiffusion such Ig like molecules did not show cross reactivity with humoral Ig. It was concluded that sheep and goats appear to secrete Ig into bile after deglycosylation and partial degradation. The proteins of smaller molecular weight may be secretory fragments or degradation products of Ig.
Ionized Calcium in Calf Serum: Relation to Total Serum Calcium, Albumin, Total Protein and pH
Authors: AGNES F. , SARTORELLI P. , BISSO M. C. , DOMINONI S. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySerum ionized calcium, total calcium, albumin, total protein and pH were determined in 340 female Italian Friesian calves, aged from 1 day to 6 months. Analyses of data from calves divided into 7 age groups showed only occasional correlations between Ca++and the other parameters. For pooled values for the calves aged 1–6 months, there were significant positive correlations between ionized and total calcium and between total calcium and albumin, and a negative correlation between ionized calcium and serum pH. However, the correlation coefficients were too low to be usable for prediction of the levels of ionized calcium from the levels of total calcium or from the other parameters. When it is essential to evaluate the calcium status of a calf, direct measurement of ionized calcium must be done.
A Caesarean Section Model to Characterize Coagulation in the Fetal and Uterine Circulation During Late Gestation in Dairy Cattle
Authors: HEUWIESER W. , GRUNERT E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA study was conducted to measure a coagulation profile including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen concentration (FIB), and plasminogen activity (PLA) in the jugular vein, umbilical vein and artery and uterine vein of 18 Holstein Friesian cows during late gestation. A caesarean section was performed on all cows before term in order to obtain blood samples from the different sources and to deliver the calves. Blood plasma obtained from the umbilical vein and artery had a longer prothrombin time but shorter activated partial thromboplastin time and lower concentrations of fibrinogen and plasminogen than peripheral blood plasma. Thrombin time was similar throughout all blood vessels. No significant differences existed between the two samples drawn from the jugular vein before and during surgery. Highest coefficients of correlation were found between blood samples drawn simultaneously from the jugular and uterine vein (R2= 41 to 96%).
Applicability of the Critical Difference
Authors: JENSEN A. L. , PEDERSEN H. D. , KOCH J. , AAES H. , FLAGSTAD A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present study is concerned with the critical difference, which may help to judge whether or not the difference between two consecutive measurements with a certain probability (i.e. 95 percent) may be ascribed to natural variation. Knowledge of the applicability of the critical difference in veterinary medicine is sparse and therefore, to justify future use of the critical difference, it is important to know whether or not the critical difference performs as expected. The hypothesis to be tested in this study was that at least 95 percent of the differences between consecutive measurements, that have been obtained in animals where the component measured is known to be unchanged, should be within the critical difference. From previous studies it was known that a low‐sodium diet had no influence on the plasma potassium concentration. The critical difference of the plasma potassium concentration in dogs was calculated as 0.5 mmol/l. using weekly measurements of this plasma component in a group of twenty healthy dogs. To test the hypothesis, this value was compared to the differences between consecutive weekly measurements of this plasma component in another group of eight dogs fed a low‐sodium diet for five weeks.In agreement with previous studies, the plasma potassium concentration in the eight dogs did not change significantly during the feeding experiment. Of the fourty differences between consecutive weekly measurements, thirty‐six were within the critical difference. This number was not different from the number expected from the hypothesis and thus, the critical difference performed as expected. Furthermore, the present study also indicated that a critical difference calculated from one group of dogs can be used to evaluate differences between consecutive measurements in another group of dogs under other dietary and management conditions.
Nephrolithiasis in Iranian Sheep
Authors: ORYAN A. , RAZAVI M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOut of 500 Iranian sheep examined, six revealed the presence of lithiasis in their kidneys. Nephroliths in three animals were composed of ammonium magnesium phosphates and in the others of calcium carbonates and calcium phosphates. Interestingly sodium and ammonium urate crystals were present in the kidneys of three animals.
Swine Erythrocyte Fractionation in Percoll Density Gradients
Authors: ASANO R. , MURASUGI E. , HOKARI S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA method for the fractionation of swine erythrocytes according to age using Percoll is described. Centrifugation of erythrocytes on discontinuous Percoll gradients yielded four fractions of erythrocytes. To ascertain that each fraction of erythrocytes represented a different age group, the activities of hexokinase (Hx), aldolase, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) were determined. These enzyme activities decreased successively from the top to the bottom fractions of the centrifuged column. Young erythrocytes obtained from the upper fractions of the centrifuged column exhibited a higher activity of each enzyme than that found in the heavier and older erythrocytes at the bottom fraction. This method is proposed as the most appropriate for use as an aid in distinguishing the presence of a young erythrocyte population.
An Outbreak of Abscess Disease in Goats in Saudi Arabia
Authors: ALHENDI A. B. , EL‐SANHOUSI S. M. , AL‐GHASNAWI Y. A. , MADAWI M. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySixty‐one out of 165 goats showed abscesses in various body lymph nodes, mainly in the head, neck and shoulder region. The specimens cultured revealed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus subspecies anaerobius. Accordingly an abscess disease “Morel's disease” was diagnosed in affected goats.
Identification of Canine Glial Cells by Nonradioactive in Situ Hybridization
Authors: GRABER H. U. , ZURBRIGGEN A. , VANDEVELDE M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryStudies on the development of the canine central nervous system and on demyelinating diseases demand unequivocal identification of the glial cells. For that reason, nonradioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) was performed in primary dog brain cell cultures (DBCC) and in brain sections of neonatal dogs. Specific RNA probes were used to detect messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). PLP and MBP are markers for oligodendrocytes, GFAP for astrocytes. Oligodendrocytes positive for PLP and MBP mRNA were found in both DBCC and brain sections of neonatal dogs. Astrocytes expressing GFAP specific mRNA were detected in DBCC and in brain sections. These cells were evenly distributed in the white matter with additional accumulation in the membrana limitans gliae superficialis, around the ventricles and blood vessels.ISH clearly improves the study of oligodendrocytes in brain sections as, in contrast to the immunohistochemical methods, this technique allows to identify individual cells.
Phycomycosis of the Abomasum in Camelus Dromedarius
Authors: SATIR A. A. , BAKR M. I. ABU , ABALKHAIL A. , GHAFFAR A. E. ABDEL , BABIKER A. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo cases of phycomycosis of the abomasum in dromedary camels arc described. In one of the cases there is evidence of spread to the liver. The pathology and pathogensis of the disease are discussed. We believe this is the first report of phycomycosis in Camelidae.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Pathogenese der Pansenacidose beim Schaf
Authors: GANTER M. , BICKHARDT K. , WINICKER MECHTHILD , SCHWERT BARBARA 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExperimental Investigations about the Pathogenesis of Rumen Acidosis in SheepRumen acidosis was provoked in 13 cross‐bred sheep by feeding oat (32 g/kg body weight) or wheat of different grinding levels (26 g/kg). Development of the diet‐related disease was studied in 8 fistulated sheep fitted with a permanent rumen canula and with implanted jugular vein catheter by analysing blood and rumen fluid sampled up to 48 hours after feed intake. Ingesta of the different segments of the digestive tract were collected from 5 sheeps, necropsied 8 and 12 hours after feeding respectively. Concentrations of glucose, L‐ and D‐lactate were measured in blood and digesta by enzymatical methods. Concentrations of amylopolyglucanes and pH values were analysed in the digesta. Whereas the plasma concentration of glucose and L‐lactate rose with a maximum at 8 to 12 hours after feeding, that of D‐lactate was maximally increased after 24 hours. High concentrations of amylopolyglucanes, glucose, L‐ and D‐Lactate were found in the whole digestive tract 8 and 12 hours after feed intake. It is concluded from the results obtained that sheep show characteristics of monogastric intestinal digestion with the release of considerable amounts of glucose and of both lactate isomers after feeding fine distributed starch.ZusammenfassungBei 13 Krezungsschafen wurde eine Pansenacidose durch Verfütterung von 32 g/kg KM Hafer‐ oder 26 g/kg Weizenschrot unterschiedlichen Vermahlungsgrades experimentell erzeugt. Der Krankheitsverlauf wurde an 8 Tieren, die mit Pansenfisteln und Jugularvenenkathetern versehen waren, bis zu 48 Stunden nach Futteraufnahme anhand von Meßwerten im Blutplasma und in der Pansenflüssigkeit verfolgt. 5 Schafe wurden 8 bis 12 Stunden nach Fütterung getötet, von ihnen wurden Ingestaproben aus verschiedenen Darmsegmenten entnommen.Für die Bestimmung der Konzentrationen von Glucose, L‐ und D‐Lactat im Plasma und in den Ingestaproben dienten enzymatische Standardmethoden. In den Ingesta wurden außerdem die Konzentrationen löslicher und partikulärer Amylopolyglucane sowie der pH bestimmt.Die Plasmakonzentrationen von Glucose und L‐Lactat stiegen mit Maximalwerten zwischen 8 und 12 Stunden nach der Fütterung an. D‐Lactat erreichte im Plasma Maximalwerte erst nach 24 Stunden.Im gesamten Verdauungstrakt wurden 8 und 12 Stunden nach Futteraufnahme hohe Konzentrationen an Amylopolyglucanen, Glucose, L‐ und D‐Lactat gefunden. Aus den Befunden wird der Schluß gezogen, daß Schafe nach Überfütterung mit Getreideschroten die Charakteristika monogastrischer intestinaler Verdauung mit erheblicher Freisetzung von Glucose und Lactat zeigen.
Statistical Evidence that Endogenous Reverse Triiodothyronine (rT3) May Affect Oxygen Consumption in Food Deprived Chickens
Authors: BOBEK S. , SECHMAN A. , ABDEL‐FATTAH K. I. , PIETRAS M. , NIEZGODA J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExogenous rT3 decreases O2 consumption in mammals and birds. Until now a correlation coefficient and a regression equation have not been presented. Statistical evaluation seems to be requisite for verifying the answer to the question of whether endogenous rT3 may be able to reduce O2 consumption in birds where the normal level of plasma rT3 is 10 times less than the corresponding level of T3. Food deprived chickens (for 48 h) were used in this study because fasting enhances plasma rT3.The results revealed a reciprocal relation of T3 and rT3 in the circulation. Reverse T3 began to increase when T3 decreased to a plateau at 53.9% of initial level. As expected a reciprocal relationship was obtained (r = −0.749; n = 36) between plasma rT3 and O2 consumption. The regression line was calculated according to the equation: Ŷ = −0.388X + 0.856. This relation differs from the linear relationship between T3 and O2 consumption (r = 0.796; Ŷ = 0.107X + 0.449). The regression line lies in the range of 0.122–0.778 nmol rT3/l, which is found in some physiological conditions in birds where elevated plasma rT3 occurs. This suggests that endogenous rT3 may participate in modifying O2 consumption in birds. Using the rT3: T3 ratio the correlation coefficient was somewhat higher (r = −0.831; Ŷ = −0.673X + 0.831) suggesting common involvement of both triiodothyronines in the reduction of O2 consumption during food deprivation. The drop in O2 consumption after 48 h of food deprivation was 28.4%; decreased T3 and increased rT3 may participate in 15.4% and 13.0% of this fall, respectively. The hypometabolic effectiveness of rT3 seems to be greater than the hypermetabolic effectiveness of T3, since a smaller increase of plasma rT3 was needed to reduce O2 consumption compared to the amount of T3 necessary to enhance it.
Effect of Verapamil and Sodium Nitroprusside on the Potassium Contracture of Smooth Muscle Strips from the Reticular Groove of Adult Cattle
Authors: ANDRÉS M. D. SAN , LÓPEZ C. , ENCINAS T. , GONZÁLEZ F. , ANDRÉS M. I. SAN , RODRÍGUEZ C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of verapamil and sodium nitroprusside on smooth muscle strips from the floor of the reticular groove of adult cattle were studied. The mechanical activity of the muscle strips was recorded isometrically. Depolarization was induced with cumulative KCl concentrations (8.8–42.4 mmol/l) in Tyrode solution. This response was extracellular Ca2+dependent. Verapamil and sodium nitroprusside caused a concentration dependent reduction of the KCl‐induced contraction of the reticular groove muscle preparations; their IC50were 3.9 × 10−6mol/l and 1.4 × 10−4mol/l, respectively. Pre‐incubation with both antagonists (30 min) before KCl addition showed that sodium nitroprusside (10−6mol/l) did not affect, but verapamil (10−6mol/l) inhibited the KCl response of the muscle preparations. CaCl2caused a concentration dependent (0.25–7 mmol/l) contraction of the KCl‐depolarized muscle strips. Pre‐incubation with verapamil (10−6mol/l) and sodium nitroprusside (10−6mol/l) before CaCl2addition inhibited the response for about 80% and 20% respectively.These results indicate that action of verapamil may be related to voltage‐dependent channel blockade. However, the nitroprusside action could not be completely attributed to these channels.
A New Quick‐Test for Semiquantitative Determination of Beta‐Hydroxybutyric Acid in Bovine Milk
Authors: DIRKSEN G. , BREITNER W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA new teststrip for semiquantitative determination of beta‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) in bovine milk has been tested in experimental investigations in three lactating cows. After intraruminal administration of butyric acid, the following parameters were determined during 7 hours: milk concentrations of BHB (quantitatively and semiquantitatively) and acetone (quantitatively), BHB concentration in blood and urine (quantitatively), acetone + acetic acid concentration in urine (semiquantitatively). The new quick‐test proved to be highly sensitive and even subclinical or physiological levels of BHB in milk could be determined. It seems to be suitable not only for the diagnosis of clinically manifest ketosis in dairy cows, but also for the control of the energy metabolism on a herd basis and as an indicator of ketogenic feedstuffs in the ration.
Immunohistochemical Distribution of Vimentin, Desmin, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Neurofilament Proteins in Feline Tissues
Authors: de las Mulas J. Martín , Monteros A. Espinosa de los , Carrasco L. , Sierra M. A. , Vos J. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe immunohistochemical distribution pattern of vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilaments intermediate filament proteins has been analyzed in a wide range of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised against non‐feline antigens. The vimentin antibody reacted with mesenchymal cells, the desmin antibody with striated and smooth muscle fibres, the glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody with glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous system, and the neurofilament proteins antibody with neuronal cell bodies and processes. In addition, some epithelial cells were vimentin positive, perisinusoidal liver cells were desmin positive, and basal/myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland, and luteinic cells were glial fibrillary acidic protein positive. These staining patterns of feline tissues are basically similar with respect to that of corresponding tissues in other mammalian species for each of the four intermediate filament proteins studied, but some differences have been also noticed. This study confirms the broad interspecies cross‐reactivity of intermediate filament proteins antisera and demonstrates their capability to differentiate particular types of feline cells and tissues.
Plasma Cortisol Response in Dairy Cows to Vaginoscopy, Genital Palpation per Rectum and Artificial Insemination
Authors: Nakao T. , Sato T. , Moriyoshi M. , Kawata K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryResponse of plasma cortisol concentrations after vaginoscopic examination, palpation of the genital organs per rectum and artificial insemination were investigated in six Holstein‐Friesian cows weighing between 510 to 620 kg. Blood samples were collected by indwelling jugular catheter. The experiment was begun at 09:00 hours on the day when cows came into estrus. Blood samples were collected from 30 minutes before to 60 minutes after each treatment at intervals of 5 to 10 minutes. Cows were initially bloodsampled for 90 minutes at the same intervals without giving any treatment and then were subjected to vaginoscopy for 1.5 minutes, palpation of the uterus and ovaries per rectum for 4 minutes and artificial insemination by the recto‐vaginal method for 5 minutes. No significant increase in plasma cortisol was shown in cows in estrus following vaginoscopy. Palpation per rectum as well as artificial insemination caused a significant increase in plasma cortisol (P < 0.01) 5 to 10 minutes after the initiation of treatments in cows in estrus. There was a tendency for cows in the luteal phase to show higher plasma cortisol levels after the vaginoscopy than cows in estrus. Adrenal response to palpation per rectum in cows in the luteal phase was similar to that in cows in estrus. Thus, in cows in estrus, palpation per rectum as well as artificial insemination may be potential stressors for cows, causing an increase in plasma cortisol levels. However, the pathophysiological importance of the rise in plasma cortisol levels is not known.
Membrane Damage during Dilution, Cooling and Freezing‐Thawing of Boar Spermatozoa Packaged in Plastic Bags
Authors: Ortman K. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe objective of the present investigation was to determine the degree of membrane damage in boar spermatozoa during the course of a cryopreservation procedure, including thawing. Ejaculates from four fertile Swedish Yorkshire boars were frozen under controlled conditions in Teflon®‐plastic bags (2.5 ml) using 3% glycerol as cryoprotectant. Membrane integrity was monitored using supravital flourescent dyes and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that cooling to +5° C significantly affected the permeability of the plasmalemma. Supercooling (‐6° C) during the freezing program did not further deteriorate the integrity of the spermatozoal membrane. The thawing procedure however, dramatically increased the frequency of spermatozoa with damaged plasma membranes. Thus particular attention must be paid on designing a better thawing procedure when dealing with boar semen frozen in plastic bags.
Third Component of Complement Serum Levels in Dogs with Leishmaniasis
Authors: Lucena R. , Molleda J. M. , Ginel P. J. , Novales M. , Martín E. , López R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRadial immunodiffusion was used to determine the concentration of the third component of complement (C3) in the serum of 51 adult dogs with leishmaniasis and, for comparative purposes, in a control group of 30 healthy dogs. Animals in both groups were of different age, sex and breed. The mean concentration in healthy dogs was 93.3 ± 6.6 (mean ± SD), and in sick dogs 131.4 ± 7.1, both expressed as a percentage of a reference standard.Statistically significant differences (P < 0.0004) were found between serum C3 concentrations in leishmania‐infected and control groups, but no significant difference was recorded between males and females in either group.