bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast gene expression profile reflects the stage of tumour progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lim Kue Peng , Cirillo Nicola , Hassona Yazan , Wei Wenbin , Thurlow Johanna K , Cheong Sok Ching , Pitiyage Gayani , Parkinson E Ken , Prime Stephen S 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOral cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. This study examined the behaviour of fibroblast strains from normal oral mucosa, dysplastic epithelial tissue, and genetically stable (minimal copy number alterations—CNA; minimal loss of heterozygosity—LOH; wild‐type p53; wild‐type p16$^{{\rm INK4A}}$) and unstable (extensive CNA and LOH; inactivation of p53 and p16$^{{\rm INK4A}}$) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Fibroblasts from genetically unstable OSCC relative to the other fibroblast subtypes grew more slowly and stimulated the invasion of a non‐tumourigenic keratinocyte cell line into fibroblast‐rich collagen gels. To understand these findings, genome‐wide transcriptional profiles were generated using the GeneChip® cDNA whole transcript microarray platform. Principal component analysis showed that the fibroblasts could be distinguished according to the stage of tumour development. Tumour progression was associated with down‐regulation of cell cycle‐ and cytokinesis‐related genes and up‐regulation of genes encoding transmembrane proteins including cell adhesion molecules. Gene expression was validated in independent fibroblast strains using qRT‐PCR. Gene connectivity and interactome‐transcriptome associations were determined using a systems biology approach to interrogate the gene expression data. Clusters of gene signatures were identified that characterized genetically unstable and stable OSCCs relative to each other and to fibroblasts from normal oral mucosa. The expression of highly connected genes associated with unstable OSCCs, including those that encode α‐SMA and the integrin α6, correlated with poor patient prognosis in an independent dataset of head and neck cancer. The results of this study demonstrate that fibroblasts from unstable OSCCs represent a phenotypically distinguishable subset that plays a major role in oral cancer biology. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Definition of patients treated with evidence based drugs in absence of prescribed daily doses: the example of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Belleudi Valeria , Fusco Danilo , Kirchmayer Ursula , Agabiti Nera , Di Martino Mirko , Narduzzi Silvia , Davoli Marina , Arcà Massimo , Perucci Carlo Alberto 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurposeDefine patients treated with evidence‐based drugs in a cohort discharged after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in absence of prescribed daily doses (PDD). To compare different drug use measures and analyze their impact on the effect estimate of risk factors related to drug use.MethodsAMI patients discharged in Rome during 2006–2007 were selected from the Hospital Information System. Drugs claimed during the 12 months after discharge were retrieved. Measures of drug use were defined as: ‘continuity’ (one prescription each follow‐up quarter‐year) and the ‘proportion of days covered’ calculated by defined daily doses (DDDs) or pill counts (PCs) (≥80% of individual follow‐up). Poly‐therapy was defined through the same drug use measure for all drug groups. Kappa index was calculated to analyze the concordance between measures. For each measure we estimated the effect of age, gender and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) on poly‐therapy.ResultsPoly‐therapy rates varied between 11.5 and 37.8% in the cohort and between 17.3 and 56.9% in patients with at least one prescription for all drugs. Concordance between all measures was high for antiplatelets (k = 0.74) and very low for beta‐blockers (k = 0.22). According to measures used, gender and older age effects slightly varied, while PTCA remained a strong determinant of drug use.ConclusionsDifferent measures of exposure to drug treatment may affect the estimate of the proportion of treated patients and the effect estimates of risk factors. Drug dispense registries are useful, but it is necessary to develop and validate methodologies in absence of PDD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of self‐coherence in correlations of bosons and fermions in linear counting experiments. Notes on the wave‐particle duality
Authors: Varró S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCorrelations of detection events in two detectors are studied in case of linear excitations of the measuring apparatus. On the basis of classical probability theory and fundamental conservation laws, a general formula is derived for the two‐point correlation functions for both bosons and fermions. The results obtained coincide with that derivable from quantum theory which uses quantized field amplitudes. By applying both the particle and the wave picture at the same time, the phenomena of photon bunching and antibunching, photon anticorrelation and fermion antibunching measured in beam experiments are interpreted in the frame of an intuitively clear description.
The effect of neutron irradiation on oxygen aggregation processes in Si material treated under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Londos Charalampos A. , Andrianakis Andreas , Misiuk Andrzej 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSilicon is the dominant material in electronic industry. Its use for various applications requires processing stages, important among them those involving thermal treatments. Such treatments in Si trigger the mechanisms of oxygen aggregation resulting in the formation of oxygen precipitates which have important influence on the quality of the material. In the present work, we have investigated the effect of thermal treatments, with or without the application of high hydrostatic pressure, on the development of oxygen precipitates. We have particularly studied the effect of neutron irradiation on the formation of the various oxygen agglomerates in the course of the above treatments. To this end, Si samples initially irradiated by neutrons were subjected to high temperature or/and high temperature‐high pressure treatments at 1000 and 1130 °C. Afterwards, infrared (IR) measurements were undertaken to study various precipitate morphologies, in particular those giving rise to an IR band around 1080 cm−1 related to octahedral‐shaped precipitates and an IR band at 1225 cm−1 attributed to platelet‐shaped precipitates. The obtained results were found to be consistent with reports cited in the literature. It was confirmed that the application of pressure during treatments as well as the irradiation with neutrons before these treatments enhance substantially the oxygen aggregation process. Comparisons of the results between treatments at 1000 and 1130 °C are presented and discussed.
Radiationless energy transfer in CdSe/ZnS quantum dot aggregates embedded in PMMA
Authors: Reitinger Norbert , Hohenau Andreas , Köstler Stefan , Krenn Joachim R. , Leitner Alfred 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLuminescence spectroscopy and time‐resolved measurements of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in 20 nm thick poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films reveal radiationless energy transfer from smaller to larger QDs. As confirmed by electron microscopy, the observed effects rely on QD aggregation. This aggregation and thus energy transfer can be inhibited by a PMMA copolymer containing carboxylic acid groups. magnified image
Improvement of the Galvanized Coating Quality of High Strength Dual Phase Steels by Pre‐Electroplating Nickel Layer
Authors: Zhong N. , Zhang K. , Li J. , Hu W. B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGalvanized dual phase steel sheets are used extensively in the industrial applications because of their excellent mechanical properties and superior corrosion resistance, but the segregation of alloying elements and the formation of oxides on the steel surface often have a deleterious effect on coating adhesion during the galvanizing process. In order to improve the coating quality, a nickel layer was pre‐electroplated on the steel substrate before galvanizing and it's found that there is an improvement in the coating quality. The coating microstructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscope, glow discharge optical emission spectroscope and X‐ray diffractions. The experimental results show that the compact Ni3Zn22 intermetallic layer formed at the zinc/nickel interface during the galvanizing process, prohibiting the nucleation and the growth of the ζ‐Zn phase layer and resulting in the improvement of the zinc coating adhesion.
Viscosities of the Quaternary Al2O3‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO2 Slags
Authors: Song Minho , Shu Qifeng , Sichen Du 
Published: December 2010

AbstractViscosities of some quaternary slags in the Al2O3‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO2 system were measured using the rotating cylinder method. Eight different slag compositions were selected. These slag compositions ranging in the high basicity region were directly related to the secondary steel making operations. The measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 1720 to 1910 K. Viscosities in this system and its sub‐systems were expressed as a function of temperature and composition based on the viscosity model developed earlier at KTH. The iso‐viscosity contours in the Al2O3‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO2 system relevant to ladle slags were calculated at 1823 K and 1873 K for 5 mass% MgO and 10 mass% MgO sections. The predicted results showed good agreement with experimental values and the literature data.
Control of structural seismic response by a limited set of active dampers
Authors: Ribakov Y. , Agranovich G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractActive dampers are known for many years as an excellent solution yielding enhanced structural seismic behavior. Achieving similar effect of control by using a limited set of dampers and floor obstructions for their connection is always desired because it decreases the cost of the control system and leaves more open bays. Additionally, the energy required for realization of the optimal control algorithm by a control system with a limited set of dampers is usually lower compared with that of a full set of dampers connected at all floors. An algorithm for selection of optimal location of dampers in structures with a limited set of devices based on linear quadratic gaussian (LQG) optimal design of active dampers was proposed by the authors previously. According to this algorithm, most effective dampers' locations are selected according to maximum contribution to the total energy dissipation. The present research was focused on the analysis of structural seismic response with different limited sets of dampers. Various criteria were proposed to examine the efficiency of the control. Response of two different building models to various earthquakes was simulated. The results obtained in this study may be used to select a minimum number of floors provided by dampers that are required to get a desired effect of control. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High phenylalanine levels directly affect mood and sustained attention in adults with phenylketonuria: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial
Authors: ten Hoedt Amber E. , de Sonneville Leo M. J. , Francois Baudouin , ter Horst Nienke M. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela , Wijburg Frits A. , Hollak Carla E. M. , Bosch Annet M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe main debate in the treatment of Phenylketonuria (PKU) is whether adult patients need the strict phenylalanine (Phe)‐restricted diet. Physicians and patients lack evidence‐based guidelines to help them make well‐informed choices. We have carried out the first randomised double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial into the effects of short‐term elevation of Phe levels on neuropsychological functions and mood of adults with PKU. Nine continuously treated adults with PKU underwent two 4‐week supplementation periods: one with Phe, mimicking normal dietary intake, and one with placebo in randomly allocated order via a randomisation coding list in a double‐blind cross‐over design. A set of neuropsychological tests (Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks) was administered at the end of each study period. In addition, patients and for each patient a friend or relative, completed weekly Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaires, evaluating the patients’ mood. Phe levels were measured twice weekly. Mean plasma Phe levels were significantly higher during Phe supplementation compared with placebo (p = 0.008). Neuropsychological tests demonstrated an impairment in sustained attention during Phe supplementation (p = 0.029). Both patients and their friend or relative reported lower scores on the POMS questionnaires during Phe supplementation (p = 0.017 and p = 0.040, respectively). High plasma Phe levels have a direct negative effect on both sustained attention and on mood in adult patients with PKU. A Phe‐restricted “diet for life” might be an advisable option for many.
Brief report: Association between socio‐demographic factors, screen media usage and physical activity by type of day in Spanish adolescents
Authors: Devís‐Devís José , Peiró‐Velert Carmen , Beltrán‐Carrillo Vicente J. , Tomás José Manuel 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examined the relationship between socio‐demographic factors, screen media time usage, and light, moderate and vigorous activities on weekdays and weekends. Cross‐sectional data was collected from 323 Spanish adolescents (mean age 13.59 years) who completed an interview administered recall questionnaire. Structural equation models indicated that male and younger adolescents spent more time on vigorous activities at the weekend, while females and older adolescents showed a greater involvement in light activities both on weekdays and weekends. State school students reported engaging in light and vigorous activities for longer periods than private school students on weekends. TV viewing was negatively linked to vigorous activities during weekdays and to light and moderate activities on weekends. The amount of mobile phone usage, however, was positively linked to light activities during weekdays, but negatively on weekends. The negative relationship between adolescents' use of screen media (TV and mobile phone) and physical activity and its possible displacement, depending on the type of day, added useful comparable knowledge for policies promoting an active lifestyle. Further research is required to provide evidence of the causality in the observed relationships.
Methodology for adding and amending glycaemic index values to a nutrition analysis package
Authors: Levis Sharon P. , McGowan Ciara A. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: December 2010

Since its introduction in 1981, the glycaemic index (GI) has been a useful tool for classifying the glycaemic effects of carbohydrate foods. Consumption of a low-GI diet has been associated with a reduced risk of developing CVD, diabetes mellitus and certain cancers. WISP (Tinuviel Software, Llanfechell, Anglesey, UK) is a nutrition software package used for the analysis of food intake records and 24 h recalls. Within its database, WISP contains the GI values of foods based on the International Tables 2002. The aim of the present study is to describe in detail a methodology for adding and amending GI values to the WISP database in a clinical or research setting, using data from the updated International Tables 2008.
Quantifying the contribution of foods with unfavourable nutrient profiles to nutritionally adequate diets
Authors: Maillot Matthieu , Drewnowski Adam , Vieux Florent , Darmon Nicole 
Published: December 2010

That ‘all foods can fit’ into a healthy diet is a long-standing principle of dietetic practice. The present study quantified the relative contributions of foods to encourage and foods to limit, using new techniques of individual diet optimisation and nutrient profiling. Individual foods from every food group were assigned to four nutrient profile classes based on the French SAIN,LIM system. Foods with the most favourable nutrient profiles were in class 1, and foods with the least favourable nutrient profiles were in class 4. An optimised diet that met the recommendations for thirty-two nutrients and that respected the existing eating habits was designed for each adult in the nationally representative ‘Enquête Individuelle et Nationale sur les Consommations Alimentaires 1’ dietary survey (n 1171). The relative proportions of the four nutrient profiling classes were assessed before and after the optimisation process. The contribution of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, milk and fish was significantly increased, whereas the contribution of refined grains, meats, mixed dishes, sugars and fats was decreased. The optimised diets derived more energy (30 v. 21 % in the observed diets) from class 1 foods and less energy (41 v. 56 %) from class 4 foods. They also derived a higher amount of class 1 foods (61 v. 51 %) and a lower amount of class 4 foods (22 v. 32 %). Thus, nutrient adequacy was compatible with the consumption of foods with an unfavourable nutrient profile (one-fifth the basket weight), provided that the diet also contained almost two-thirds of foods with the most favourable profile. Translating these results into concrete and quantified advice may have very tangible public health implications.
Epigallocatechin gallate delays the onset of type 1 diabetes in spontaneous non-obese diabetic mice
Authors: Fu Zhuo , Zhen Wei , Yuskavage Julia , Liu Dongmin 
Published: December 2010

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to deficiency of insulin production. Successful islet transplantation can normalise hyperglycaemia in T1D patients; however, the limited availability of the islets, loss of islet cell mass through apoptosis after islet isolation and potential autoimmune destruction of the transplanted islets prevent the widespread use of this procedure. Therefore, the search for novel and cost-effective agents that can prevent or treat T1D is extremely important to decrease the burden of morbidity from this disease. In the present study, we discovered that ( − )-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, 0·05 % in drinking-water), the primary polyphenolic component in green tea, effectively delayed the onset of T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. At 32 weeks of age, eight (66·7 %) out of twelve mice in the control group developed diabetes, whereas only three (25 %) out of twelve mice in the EGCG-treated group became diabetic (P < 0·05). Consistently, mice supplemented with EGCG had significantly higher plasma insulin levels and survival rate but lower glycosylated Hb concentrations compared with the control animals. EGCG had no significant effects on food or water intake and body weight in mice, suggesting that the glucose-lowering effect was not due to an alteration in these parameters. While EGCG did not modulate insulitis, it elevated the circulating anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level in NOD mice. These findings demonstrate that EGCG may be a novel, plant-derived compound capable of reducing the risk of T1D.
II. The Political Role of the Parlement of Paris, 1715–23
Authors: Shennan J. H. 
Published: December 2010

The most recent biographer of Montesquieu has written:…the similarity between the ideas of the former president a tnortier and those of the parlements is sometimes striking.…The king, they admit, is the legislator and the fount of justice. The parlements, however, are the repositories of his supreme juris-diction. To remove it from them is to offend the laws of the state and to overthrow the ancient legal structure of the kingdom.…This tradition of the parlements inspired and was inspired by the political doctrine of Montesquieu; and when the President writes of the monarchy of his own day…as being the best form of government that men have been able to imagine, it is monarchy supported by this tradition which he has in mind.
From Subjects to Citizens? Rationing, refugees and the publicity of corruption over Independence in UP
Authors: GOULD WILLIAM 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBuilding on recent work on the ‘everyday state’ and citizenship in 1947–1948, this paper examines changing practices and representations of ‘corruption’ in Uttar Pradesh, India over independence. The management and publicity of ‘corruption’, particularly in the food supply and rationing bureaucracy from the mid-1940s to the 1960s captures changing discussions about public expectations of government and narrates everyday urban experiences of the local state. Representations of administrative corruption within UP government ‘anti-corruption’ planning, around the late 1930s to early 1940s, reflected changing ideas about the public and citizenship in UP in general—from a colonial stress on administrative authoritarianism, where corruption was presented as a regrettable but unavoidable facet of local power, to a sense of public accountability. By the 1940s, with war-time commodity controls accompanying rapid political change, opportunities for nefarious gain widened, and administrative rules and functions quickly became much more complex. ‘Corruption’, as a symbolic political weapon, was publicized in a way which now connected national, state and local level discussions of independence, citizenship and state authority. Specifically, the very nature of different types of corruption in the crucial sphere of controls and rationing brought about more developed forms of political protection and backing for the corrupt administrator and encouraged new clientelist networks across the political spectrum.
The Ethics of Welfare Provision for Migrants: A Case for Equal Treatment and the Repositioning of Welfare
Authors: BOLDERSON HELEN 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe paper examines the structure of selection that determines migrants’ welfare rights. Using illustrations from the UK, it confirms that migrants’ welfare rights are stratified by, and dependent on, immigration status. It describes the outcome of this structure and shows why welfare policies need to reclaim independence from immigration policies to which they have become tied. Using terms from Walzer (1983), an argument is made for ‘autonomy’ in these different ‘spheres’.An alternative approach is suggested in which access to welfare provisions for migrants is made regardless of immigration status and is based instead on equal treatment and non-discrimination between migrants and nationals of the receiving country. Nationals are seen to be migrants’ comparators, and unequal treatment between them constitutes discrimination. Alternative approaches to migrants’ welfare include reliance on universal international human rights law, and approaches that take into account more radical, substantive equality values than equal treatment. We argue, however, that amongst the advantages of an equal treatment policy are the rights retained by national governments to exercise sovereignty in determining the shape of their welfare provisions whilst also engaging international law on human rights.
House Hearing on Climate Change Presents Sharply Different Views
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: December 2010

With Republicans about to assume the majority and take over leadership positions in the U.S. House of Representatives when the next Congress convenes in January 2011, the House Committee on Science and Technology organized what may be the Democrats' last congressional hearing on climate change this session. Billed as “A Rational Discussion of Climate Change: The Science, the Evidence, the Response,” the 17 November hearing featured three panels of scientists focusing on the basic science of climate change and impacts of carbon dioxide (CO2) on temperature and ocean acidity.In addition to the scientific information presented by witnesses, there was much back and forth debate, sometimes testy, among panelists with sharply different perspectives. Comments from the House members ranged across the board, from trying to set a tone of objectivity to impassioned remarks.