bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of egg consumption in the first 1001 days of life: a narrative review
Authors: Derbyshire Emma 
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims Eggs are a natural whole food providing an important array of nutrients that can be challenging to find in other everyday foods. Although evidence shows the benefits of egg consumption for mother and child, consumption rates remain low. The aim of this article was to review latest literature and guidance on egg consumption and examine barriers to consumption during the critical first 1001 days of life. Methods This narrative review included an electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Clinical Trials.Gov. Human studies published in English between 2019 and 2024 were screened for eligibility. Results Overall, 14 key studies were included that were specific to egg intake/consumption during pregnancy, breastfeeding and/or infancy/early childhood. Six sets of relevant dietary guidelines were identified and reviewed. Conclusions Current egg consumption is low, despite previous concerns about food safety and allergy having been overturned in official advice. Including eggs in the diet is an easy and cost-effective way to improve diversity and digestibility of nutrients when dietary requirements are higher. Their consumption has the potential to bridge nutrient gaps, help prevent allergy, augment breast milk composition and contribute to child development and growth.
Transcriptome profiles of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in Malawi reveal focus specific gene expression profiles associated with pathology
Authors: Nambala Peter , Noyes Harry , Namulondo Joyce , Nyangiri Oscar , Alibu Vincent Pius , Nerima Barbara , MacLeod Annette , Matovu Enock , Musaya Janelisa , Mulindwa Julius ,   on behalf of the TrypanoGEN+ Research Group as Members of the H3Africa Consortium
Published: May 2024

Background
Sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is a fatal disease and endemic in Southern and Eastern Africa. There is an urgent need to develop novel diagnostic and control tools to achieve elimination of rhodesiense sleeping sickness which might be achieved through a better understanding of trypanosome gene expression and genetics using endemic isolates. Here, we describe transcriptome profiles and population structure of endemic T. b. rhodesiense isolates in human blood in Malawi.

Methodology
Blood samples of r-HAT cases from Nkhotakota and Rumphi foci were collected in PaxGene tubes for RNA extraction before initiation of r-HAT treatment. 100 million reads were obtained per sample, reads were initially mapped to the human genome reference GRCh38 using HiSat2 and then the unmapped reads were mapped against Trypanosoma brucei reference transcriptome (TriTrypDB54_TbruceiTREU927) using HiSat2. Differential gene expression analysis was done using the DeSeq2 package in R. SNP calling from reads that were mapped to the T. brucei genome was done using GATK in order to identify T.b. rhodesiense population structure.

Results
24 samples were collected from r-HAT cases of which 8 were from Rumphi and 16 from Nkhotakota foci. The isolates from Nkhotakota were enriched with transcripts for cell cycle arrest and stumpy form markers, whereas isolates in Rumphi focus were enriched with transcripts for folate biosynthesis and antigenic variation pathways. These parasite focus-specific transcriptome profiles are consistent with the more virulent disease observed in Rumphi and a less symptomatic disease in Nkhotakota associated with the non-dividing stumpy form. Interestingly, the Malawi T.b. rhodesiense isolates expressed genes enriched for reduced cell proliferation compared to the Uganda T.b. rhodesiense isolates. PCA analysis using SNPs called from the RNAseq data showed that T. b. rhodesiense parasites from Nkhotakota are genetically distinct from those collected in Rumphi.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the differences in disease presentation in the two foci is mainly driven by genetic differences in the parasites in the two major endemic foci of Rumphi and Nkhotakota rather than differences in the environment or host response.
Discrimination and violence against women migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Chuemchit Montakarn , Linn Nyan , Han Chit Pyae Pyae , Lynn Zayar , Chernkwanma Suttharuethai , Taneepanichskul Nutta , Sirichokchatchawan Wandee , Somrongthong Ratana 
Published: May 2024

Background
Women migrant workers are vulnerable to discrimination and violence, which are significant public health problems. These situations may have been intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate discrimination against women migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic and its intersection with their experiences of violence and associated factors.

Methods
A mixed-methods study design was employed to collect data from 572 women migrant workers from Myanmar, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and Cambodia. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 494 participants using a structured questionnaire for quantitative data, whereas qualitative data was collected through 24 in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 54 migrant women. Simple and multiple logistic regression and content analysis were employed.

Results
This study found that about one in five women migrant workers experienced discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among those who experienced discrimination, 63.2% had experienced intimate partner violence and 76.4% had experienced non-intimate partner violence in their lifetime. The multivariable analysis revealed that women migrant workers who had experienced any violence (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.49, 5.12), lost their jobs or income during the pandemic (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI = 2.09, 7.62), and were from Myanmar (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI = 1.79, 12.21) were more likely to have experienced discrimination.

Conclusion
The results suggest that the intersection of discrimination and violence against women migrant workers in Thailand demands special interest to understand and address the problem. It is recommended that policymakers provide interventions and programs that are inclusive and responsive to the unique needs of women migrants depending on their country of origin and job profile.
Internet use and its association with physical activity among adolescents in Beni Municipality, Myagdi, Nepal
Authors: K. C. Shristi , Kaphle Hari Prasad , Neupane Nirmala , Baral Samjhana 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Adolescence is a critical phase marked by distinct health and developmental needs and rights. It represents a pivotal time for the acquisition of knowledge, skills, emotional regulations, and relationship management. However, a recent surge in internet usage among adolescents has been observed, leading to a concerning decline in physical activity. This study aims to evaluate the level of physical activity and its correlation with internet use among adolescents.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study, conducted within educational institutions in Beni, Nepal, utilized a self-structured questionnaire to collect data on physical activity levels and associated factors. The relationship between physical activity and independent variables was assessed through the chi-square test, and regression analysis was employed to quantify the strength of this association.

Results
The study revealed that 75.3% of adolescents (out of 385) exhibited inadequate physical activity levels. Notably, late adolescents were more susceptible to insufficient physical activity than their middle adolescent counterparts were. Adolescents from nuclear families (UOR = 2.689, C.I = 4.074–22.822), those with higher monthly family income (UOR = 3.318, C.I = 1.209–9.105), and individuals using Wi-Fi (UOR = 1.801, C.I = 1.117–2.904) demonstrated a higher likelihood of internet addiction. Moreover, these groups were more prone to engage in inadequate physical activity (UOR = 1.1740, C.I = 0.938–3.226) compared to their counterparts not addicted to the internet.

Conclusion
The study concludes that over two-thirds of adolescents were addicted to the Internet, and three-fourths were inadequately physically active, with late adolescents being more affected than middle adolescents. Inadequate physical activity was associated with various factors, including family type, monthly family income, monthly pocket money, father’s occupation, type of school, type of internet access, and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) score. Internet-addicted adolescents were found to be more likely to be physically inactive.
Comparison of the efficacy and complications of tolterodine and α-adrenergic receptor blockers in improving ureteral stent-related symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Shangjing , Mao Qiancheng , Zou Qingsong , Cui Yuanshan , Wu Jitao 
Published: May 2024

Objective
We conducted a systematic evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and complications of tolterodine and α-adrenergic receptor blockers in alleviating ureteral stent-related symptoms.

Methods
Until August 2023, we conducted a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and complications of tolterodine and α-adrenergic receptor blockers in treating ureteral stent-related symptoms. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. The scores from various domains of the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) were summarized and compared, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.0 software.

Results
A total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria for our analysis. These studies were conducted at different centers. All studies were randomized controlled trials, involving a total of 487 patients, with 244 patients receiving α-adrenergic receptor blockers and 243 patients receiving tolterodine. The results showed that tolterodine demonstrated significantly better improvement in body pain (MD, 1.56; 95% CI [0.46, 2.66]; p = 0.005) (MD, 0.46; 95% CI [0.12, 0.80]; p = 0.008) (MD, 3.21; 95% CI [1.89, 4.52]; p = 0.00001) among patients after ureteral stent placement compared to α-adrenergic receptor blockers at different time points. Additionally, at 4 weeks, tolterodine showed superior improvement in general health (MD, 0.15; 95% CI [0.03, 0.27]; p = 0.01) and urinary symptoms (MD, 1.62; 95% CI [0.59, 2.66]; p = 0.002) compared to α-adrenergic receptor blockers, while at 6 weeks, tolterodine showed better improvement in work performance (MD, -1.60; 95% CI [-2.73, -0.48]; p = 0.005) compared to α-adrenergic receptor blockers. Additionally, the incidence of dry mouth (RR, 4.21; 95% CI [1.38, 12.87]; p = 0.01) is higher with the use of tolterodine compared to α-adrenergic receptor blockers. However, there were no significant statistical differences between the two drugs in other outcomes.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests that tolterodine is superior to α-adrenergic receptor blockers in improving physical pain symptoms after ureteral stent placement, while α-adrenergic receptor blockers are more effective than tolterodine in enhancing work performance. Additionally, the incidence of dry mouth is higher with the use of tolterodine compared to α-adrenergic receptor blockers. However, higher-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to further investigate this issue.
A comparative study between local application of 10% zinc oxide to a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol in treating infant’s diaper dermatitis
Authors: Mirle Nikhita , Rajan Aswathy , Soans Santosh T 
Published: May 2024

Background Tocopherol is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect, thereby reducing erythema, edema, and skin irritation, which are the main pathologies observed in diaper dermatitis.
Objective To compare the effect of local application of a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol in the treatment of infant diaper dermatitis with plain 10% zinc oxide.
Methods A single-centric, prospective interventional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for 18 months where all children aged <1 year newly diagnosed with diaper dermatitis were selected. They were divided into two groups; one group received only 10% zinc oxide, while the other group received a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol for local application. Patients were assessed for rash dimensions, severity score of diaper dermatitis, and pH of the rash prior to starting treatment and at the end of 5 days. Statistical analysis was done using students paired two-tailed T-test.
Results Out of 115 infants with diaper dermatitis, 88 were included in our study. The decrease in rash dimensions was greater in the study group (P=0.004). A mean diaper dermatitis severity score of 1.96±0.76 cm in the study group was noted on day five of the assessment (P<0.001).
Conclusion The healing process in diaper dermatitis is accelerated when a combination of 10% zinc oxide and tocopherol is used. This study supports the evidence of expediting healing by tocopherol, which can be considered in treatment recommendations for diaper dermatitis.
Diagnostic value of clinical manifestations of Group A and Group B compared with rubella serology results in congenital rubella syndrome
Authors: Sulasmi Sulasmi , Dimiati Herlina , Andid Rusdi , Darussalam Dora , Thaib Teuku Muhammad , Anidar Anidar 
Published: May 2024

Background Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is the triad of defects/abnormalities in the heart, eyes, and ears, resulting from rubella virus infection, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. Manifestations of CRS are divided into Group A including: hearing loss, congenital heart disease, cataracts or glaucoma, and pigmentary; Group consisted of purpura, splenomegaly, microcephaly, mental retardation, retinopathy and icteric radiolucent bone disoreder that appears within 24 hours after birth. CRS diagnosis is based on serologic rubella test results. Comprehensive management of CRS is needed to achieve optimal child development. However, not all referral center hospitals in Indonesia have serological rubella examination modalities.
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of group A and group B clinical manifestations compared to rubella serology results in the diagnosis of CRS.
Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data from medical records of pediatric patients with suspected CRS who meet the criteria for groups A and B aged less than 12 months who had been hospitalized at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional General Hospital, Banda Aceh, during the three-year study period (2019-2021) which have complete data were included in the study. The IgM serology results were used as diagnostic comparison that performed at the age of less than 12 months.
Results A total of 126 patients met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-five (51.6%) subjects were male, 80 (63.5%) subjects had normal birth weight, and 89 (70.6%) subjects were aged <6 months. The diagnostic sensitivity for groups A, B, as well as A and B clinical manifestations were 100%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. This excellent sensitivity value suggests that the clinical manifestations of groups A and B would be suitable as screening tools because they could “catch” many patients with suspected CRS.
Conclusion The clinical manifestations of group A and group B have excellent diagnostic value as a screening tool for CRS.
DPSUR: Accelerating Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent Using Selective Update and Release
Authors: Fu Jie , Ye Qingqing , Hu Haibo , Chen Zhili , Wang Lulu , Wang Kuncan , Ran Xun 
Published: May 2024

Machine learning models are known to memorize private data to reduce their training loss, which can be inadvertently exploited by privacy attacks such as model inversion and membership inference. To protect against these attacks, differential privacy (DP) has become the de facto standard for privacy-preserving machine learning, particularly those popular training algorithms using stochastic gradient descent, such as DPSGD. Nonetheless, DPSGD still suffers from severe utility loss due to its slow convergence. This is partially caused by the random sampling, which brings bias and variance to the gradient, and partially by the Gaussian noise, which leads to fluctuation of gradient updates.
Our key idea to address these issues is to apply selective updates to the model training, while discarding those useless or even harmful updates. Motivated by this, this paper proposes DPSUR, a Differentially Private training framework based on Selective Updates and Release, where the gradient from each iteration is evaluated based on a validation test, and only those updates leading to convergence are applied to the model. As such, DPSUR ensures the training in the right direction and thus can achieve faster convergence than DPSGD. The main challenges lie in two aspects --- privacy concerns arising from gradient evaluation, and gradient selection strategy for model update. To address the challenges, DPSUR introduces a clipping strategy for update randomization and a threshold mechanism for gradient selection. Experiments conducted on MNIST, FMNIST, CIFAR-10, and IMDB datasets show that DPSUR significantly outperforms previous works in terms of convergence speed and model utility.
FusionQuery: On-demand Fusion Queries over Multi-source Heterogeneous Data
Authors: Zhu Junhao , Mao Yuren , Chen Lu , Ge Congcong , Wei Ziheng , Gao Yunjun 
Published: May 2024

Centralised data management systems (e.g., data lakes) support queries over multi-source heterogeneous data. However, the query results from multiple sources commonly involve between-source conflicts, which makes query results unreliable and confusing and degrades the usability of centralised data management systems. Therefore, resolving the between-sourced conflicts is one of the most important problems for centralised data management systems. To solve it, many batch data fusion-based methods have been proposed, which require traversing all the data in the centralised data management systems and cause scalability and flexibility issues.To address these issues, this paper explores the problem of on-demand fusion queries, where the between-sourced conflicts are solved with only the query-related data; moreover, we propose an efficient on-demand fusion query framework, FusionQuery, which consists of a query stage and a fusion stage. In the query stage, we frame the heterogeneous data query problem as a knowledge graph matching problem and present a line graph-based method to accelerate it. In the fusion stage, we develop an Expectation Maximization-style algorithm to iteratively updates data veracity and source trustworthiness. Furthermore, we design an incremental estimation method of source trustworthiness to address the lack of sufficient observations. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that FusionQuery outperforms state-of-the-art data fusion methods in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency.
CGgraph: An Ultra-Fast Graph Processing System on Modern Commodity CPU-GPU Co-processor
Authors: Cui Pengjie , Liu Haotian , Tang Bo , Yuan Ye 
Published: May 2024

In recent years, many CPU-GPU heterogeneous graph processing systems have been developed in both academic and industrial to facilitate large-scale graph processing in various applications, e.g., social networks and biological networks. However, the performance of existing systems can be significantly improved by addressing two prevailing challenges: GPU memory over-subscription and efficient CPU-GPU cooperative processing.In this work, we propose CGgraph, an ultra-fast CPU-GPU graph processing system to address these challenges. In particular, CGgraph overcomes GPU-memory over-subscription by extracting a subgraph which only needs to be loaded into GPU memory once, but its vertices and edges can be used in multiple iterations during the graph processing procedure. To support efficient CPU-GPU co-processing, we design a CPU-GPU cooperative processing scheme, which balances the workloads between CPU and GPU by on-demand task allocation. To evaluate the efficiency of CG-graph, we conduct extensive experiments, comparing it with 7 state-of-the-art systems using 4 well-known graph algorithms on 6 real-world graphs. Our prototype system CGgraph outperforms all existing systems, delivering up to an order of magnitude improvement. Moreover, CGgraph on a modern commodity machine with a CPU-GPU co-processor yields superior (or at the very least, comparable) performance compared to existing systems on a high-end CPU-GPU server.
ChatGPT als Recherchetool?
Authors: Oertner Monika 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung„ChatGPT may produce inaccurate information about people, places, or facts“, so warnt Open AI vor der Unzuverlässigkeit der Auskünfte, die sein Chatbot erteilt. Zu KI-Kompetenz, die heute zu den zukunftsrelevanten und berufsvorbereitenden Studienzielen gezählt wird, gehört, diese Unzuverlässigkeit einschätzen zu können. Der Beitrag bietet dazu eine Fehlertypologie und setzt sie in Bezug zur technischen Funktionsweise. Zwanzig Arten der Unzuverlässigkeit von KI-Auskünften ordnet er den drei Ursachenfeldern Trainingsmaterial, Generierungsprozess und Programmierung zu. Außerdem entwirft er ein Modell des paradoxen Mechanismus der User-Psychologie – Technikglaube vs. Eliza-Effekt – und rekurriert auf Harry Frankfurts Begriff des Unfugs („Bullshit“), der wie zugeschnitten auf KI-Auskünfte scheint. Einige der Fehlertypen, insbesondere die im Generierungsprozess selbst erzeugten, sind als unbehebbares Kernphänomen zu sehen. Im Einsatz generativer KI als Informations- und Recherchetool steckt daher ein großes und dauerhaftes Gefahrenpotenzial – für den Kompetenzaufbau im Studium, aber auch für unsere Wissensgesellschaft als Ganzes.
Comparative evaluation of volumetry estimation from plain and contrast enhanced computed tomography liver images
Authors: Balagourouchetty Lakshmipriya , Jayanthi Pragatheeswaran K. , Pottakkat Biju , Ramkumar Govindarajalou 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Surgery planning for liver tumour is carried out using contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images to determine the optimal resection strategy and to assess the volume of liver and tumour. Current surgery planning tools interpret even the functioning liver cells present within the tumour boundary as tumour. Plain CT images provide inadequate information for treatment planning. This work attempts to address two shortcomings of existing surgery planning tools: (i) to delineate functioning liver cells from the non-functioning tumourous tissues within the tumour boundary and (ii) to provide 3D visualization and actual tumour volume from the plain CT images.

Methods
All slices of plain CT images containing liver are enhanced by means of fuzzy histogram equalization in Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) domain prior to 3D reconstruction to clearly delineate liver, non-functioning tumourous tissues and functioning liver cells within the tumour boundary. The 3D analysis from plain and CECT images was carried out on five types of liver lesions viz. HCC, metastasis, hemangioma, cyst, and abscess along with normal liver.

Results
The study resulted in clear delineation of functional liver tissues from non-functioning tumourous tissues within the tumour boundary from CECT as well as plain CT images. The volume of liver calculated using the proposed approach is found comparable with that obtained using Myrian-XP, a currently followed surgery planning tool in clinical practice.

Conclusions
The obtained results from plain CT images will undoubtedly provide valuable diagnostic assistance and surgery planning even for the subset of patients for whom CECT acquisition is not advisable.