bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and biological significance of the human Nα-terminal acetyltransferases
Authors: Starheim Kristian K , Gromyko Darina , Velde Rolf , Varhaug Jan Erik , Arnesen Thomas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractProtein Nα-terminal acetylation is one of the most common protein modifications in eukaryotic cells, occurring on approximately 80% of soluble human proteins. An increasing number of studies links Nα-terminal acetylation to cell differentiation, cell cycle, cell survival, and cancer. Thus, Nα-terminal acetylation is an essential modification for normal cell function in humans. Still, little is known about the functional role of Nα-terminal acetylation. Recently, the three major human N-acetyltransferase complexes, hNatA, hNatB and hNatC, were identified and characterized. We here summarize the identified N-terminal acetyltransferase complexes in humans, and we review the biological studies on Nα-terminal acetylation in humans and other higher eukaryotes.
Application of reverse-phase HPLC to quantify oligopeptide acetylation eliminates interference from unspecific acetyl CoA hydrolysis
Authors: Evjenth Rune , Hole Kristine , Ziegler Mathias , Lillehaug Johan R 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Protein acetylation is a common modification that plays a central role in several cellular processes. The most widely used methods to study these modifications are either based on the detection of radioactively acetylated oligopetide products or an enzyme-coupled reaction measuring conversion of the acetyl donor acetyl CoA to the product CoASH. Due to several disadvantages of these methods, we designed a new method to study oligopeptide acetylation. Based on reverse phase HPLC we detect both reaction products in a highly robust and reproducible way. The method reported here is also fully compatible with subsequent product analysis, e.g. by mass spectroscopy. The catalytic subunit, hNaa30p, of the human NatC protein N-acetyltransferase complex was used for N-terminal oligopeptide acetylation. We show that unacetylated and acetylated oligopeptides can be efficiently separated and quantified by the HPLC-based analysis. The method is highly reproducible and enables reliable quantification of both substrates and products. It is therefore well-suited to determine kinetic parameters of acetyltransferases.
Thoracic epidural anesthesia reverses sepsis-induced hepatic hyperperfusion and reduces leukocyte adhesion in septic rats
Authors: Freise Hendrik , Daudel Fritz , Grosserichter Christina , Lauer Stefan , Hinkelmann Juergen , Van Aken Hugo K , Sielenkaemper Andreas W , Westphal Martin , Fischer Lars G 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Liver dysfunction is a common feature of severe sepsis and is associated with a poor outcome. Both liver perfusion and hepatic inflammatory response in sepsis might be affected by sympathetic nerve activity. However, the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA), which is associated with regional sympathetic block, on septic liver injury are unknown. Therefore, we investigated hepatic microcirculation and inflammatory response during TEA in septic rats.

Methods
Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley-rats were instrumented with thoracic epidural catheters and randomized to receive a sham procedure (Sham), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) without epidural anesthesia (Sepsis) and CLP with epidural infusion of 15 ul/h bupivacaine 0.5% (Sepsis + TEA). All animals received 2 ml/100 g/h NaCl 0.9%. In 24 (n = 8 in each group) rats, sinusoidal diameter, loss of sinusoidal perfusion and sinusoidal blood flow as well as temporary and permanent leukocyte adhesion to sinusoidal and venolar endothelium were recorded by intravital microscopy after 24 hours. In 21 (n = 7 in each group) separate rats, cardiac output was measured by thermodilution. Blood pressure, heart rate, serum transaminase activity, serum TNF-alpha concentration and histologic signs of tissue injury were recorded.

Results
Whereas cardiac output remained constant in all groups, sinusoidal blood flow increased in the Sepsis group and was normalized in rats subjected to sepsis and TEA. Sepsis-induced sinusoidal vasoconstriction was not ameliorated by TEA. In the Sepsis + TEA group, the increase in temporary venolar leukocyte adherence was blunted. In contrast to this, sinusoidal leukocyte adherence was not ameliorated in the Sepsis + TEA group. Sepsis-related release of TNF-alpha and liver tissue injury were not affected by Sepsis + TEA.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that TEA reverses sepsis-induced alterations in hepatic perfusion and ameliorates hepatic leukocyte recruitment in sepsis.
Wear mechanisms of coated mixed-ceramic tools during finish hard turning of hot tool die steel
Authors: Dureja J S , Gupta V K , Sharma V S , Dogra M 
Published: August 2009

The present study aims to investigate the wear mechanisms of a TiN-coated mixed ceramic tool prevalent under different machining conditions during hard turning of hot tool die steel. The different wear mechanisms observed are abrasion wear at low cutting speed, low feed rate, and highest work piece hardness; formation of protective layer and built-up edge (BUE) resulting from tribochemical reactions between constituents of tool and work piece material at moderate speed. High temperature accompanied by high cutting speed resulted in the removal of the protective layer and suppressed the BUE formation. Hard carbide particles of work material at a higher feed rate severely gouged the tool flank land. Chipping and brittle fractures were observed at very low and high depth of cut. Adhesion of work piece material followed by plastic deformation and notching was clearly visible at low work piece hardness. The influence of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and work piece hardness on the progressive tool flank wear, and flank wear rate (VBr-μm/km) in the steady wear region was also analysed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lev Benjamin 
Published: August 2009

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. However, we do not review software. To submit a book for review, please send it to me at the above address. Although we cannot review all books because of space limitations, we do list all books that we receive. We commission all book reviews and do not accept unsolicited reviews. To become a reviewer, please send me your name, address, and specific areas of expertise. We encourage readers to suggest books for review or to ask publishers to send copies of such books. The authors or editors of books we review in this issue are Asvin Goel, David L. Olson, Dursun Delen, William B. Rouse, and Kenneth R. Boff.
Sapropterin: A New Therapeutic Agent for Phenylketonuria
Authors: Hegge Karly A , Horning Kristin K , Peitz Gregory J , Hegge Kassy 
Published: August 2009

Objective: To summarize the role of pharmacotherapy in the management of phenylketonuria (PKU) and to review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy data, and safety profile of sapropterin for this indication. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (1966–May 2009), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–May 2009), and Cochrane database (2008) for the following key words: sapropterin, tetrahydrobiopterin, phenylketonurias, and phenylalanine. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language studies involving humans examining the role of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in the management of PKU were reviewed to evaluate the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy data, and safety profile for sapropterin. All Phase 2 and 3 randomized controlled trials assessing the safety and efficacy of sapropterin were included in this literature evaluation. Data Synthesis: Sapropterin represents the only Food and Drug Administration–approved medication for BH4-responsive PKU, marking an important advance in the treatment of this condition. Among individuals with hyperphenylalaninemia and some residual phenylalanine hydroxylase function, sapropterin can enhance activity of this enzyme to decrease serum phenylalanine concentrations. Sapropterin has been compared with placebo in one Phase 2 and one Phase 3 clinical trial, demonstrating significantly better response rates. Based on available studies, this agent appears to be safe and well tolerated, with adverse event rates similar to those of placebo. However, additional studies are warranted to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of sapropterin therapy. Conclusions: Sapropterin offers a promising therapeutic option for select individuals with BH4-responsive PKU, although long-term data are limited evaluating its safety and efficacy in traditional clinical practice settings. When considering sapropterin therapy, clinicians must consider factors such as cost and patient adherence to drug therapy and/or diet.
Correlated and Coupled Within-Person Change in Emotional and Behavioral Disturbance in Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Hofer Scott M. , Gray Kylie M. , Piccinin Andrea M. , Mackinnon Andrew , Bontempo Daniel E. , Einfeld Stewart L. , Hoffman Lesa , Parmenter Trevor , Tonge Bruce J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Individual change and variation in emotional/behavioral disturbance in children and adolescents with intellectual disability has received little empirical investigation. Based on 11 years of longitudinal data from the Australian Child to Adult Development Study, we report associations among individual differences in level, rate of change, and occasion-specific variation across subscales of the Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC) with 506 participants who had intellectual disability and were ages 5 to 19 years at study entry. Correlations among the five DBC subscales ranged from .43 to .66 for level, .43 to .88 for rate of change, and .31 to .61 for occasion-specific variation, with the highest correlations observed consistently between disruptive, self-absorbed, and communication disturbance behaviors. These interdependencies among dimensions of emotional/behavioral disturbance provide insight into the developmental dynamics of psychopathology from childhood through young adulthood.
Abnormal fMRI Activation Pattern During Story Listening in Individuals With Down Syndrome
Authors: Reynolds Losin Elizabeth A. , Rivera Susan M. , O'Hare Elizabeth D. , Sowell Elizabeth R. , Pinter Joseph D. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Down syndrome is characterized by disproportionately severe impairments of speech and language, yet little is known about the neural underpinnings of these deficits. We compared fMRI activation patterns during passive story listening in 9 young adults with Down syndrome and 9 approximately age-matched, typically developing controls. The typically developing group exhibited greater activation than did the Down syndrome group in classical receptive language areas (superior and middle temporal gyri) for forward &gt; backward speech; the Down syndrome group exhibited greater activation in cingulate gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobules, and precuneus for both forward speech &gt; rest and backward speech &gt; rest. The Down syndrome group showed almost no difference in activation patterns between the language (forward speech) and nonlanguage (backward speech) conditions.
Crystal and molecular structure of the saline complex hexaaquairon(II) hexachloroplatinate, [Fe(H2O)6][PtCl6]
Authors: Capobianchi Aldo , Campi Gaetano , Camalli Mercedes , Veroli Claudio 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
In this work the structure of a hexachloroplatinate of a bivalent metal as iron with the formula FePtCl6 · 6 H2O is reported. The crystal contains [PtCl6]2– and [Fe(H2O)6]2+ ions adopting a regular octahedral coordination. A 3D hydrogen bond framework takes part in the cohesion of the structure paking anions and cations in like-chain structures along the c-axis. The structure can also be regarded as alternating Fe and Pt atomic planes stacking along the 001 and 011 directions. Taking advantage from this Fe and Pt arrangement, we propose the hydrogen reduction of FePtCl6 · 6 H2O crystallites as a new chemical strategy in the fabrication of FePt nanoparticle-based functional devices for advanced nanomagnetic applications.
Assessment of trace organic chemical removal by a membrane bioreactor using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and a yeast screen bioassay
Authors: Coleman Heather M. , Troester Martin , Khan Stuart J. , McDonald James A. , Watkins Graeme , Stuetz Richard M. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) was assessed for the removal of estrogens, androgens, and a selection of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. The biomass and aqueous components of the MBR were investigated to determine whether removal was by biodegradation or by adsorption to the biomass. Removal was monitored using chemical analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as well as biological analysis using estrogenic and androgenic yeast assays. Results showed that the MBR was effective in removing the compounds of concern from raw influent with removal rates between 78 and 99%. Removal efficiencies were comparable or better than those reported for conventional activated sludge systems, which was attributed to the relatively high sludge retention time of the MBR. The biomass component showed significant concentrations of salicylic acid, triclosan, and 4-tert-octylphenol. Estrogenic and androgenic activity was also measured in the biomass. Estrone was identified as the main compound responsible for the estrogenic activity. It was concluded that the main removal pathway was biodegradation, but sorption to biomass may also be important, particularly for triclosan and 4-tert-octylphenol.
Sorption of estrone and estrone-3-sulfate from CaCl2 solution and artificial urine in pastoral soils of New Zealand
Authors: Scherr Frank F. , Sarmah Ajit K. , Di Hong J. , Cameron Keith C. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Estrone (E1) and its sulfate conjugate estrone-3-sulfate (E1–3S) are released to the environment in animal wastes in significant amounts, and direct exposure occurs in grazed pasture systems. Both compounds have been shown to potentially contribute to endocrine disruption in wildlife, and knowledge about the sorption behavior of these compounds is necessary for a sound risk assessment. For labile compounds such as E1 and E1–3S, however, the standard protocols might overestimate sorption by not considering metabolite formation or allowing for equilibration that exceeds the commonly reported half-lives of these compounds. We therefore conducted modified batch sorption experiments with 0.005 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) and artificial urine solution to determine the influence of the mediator solution on the sorption of E1 and E1–3S in three pasture soils from New Zealand. Sorption isotherms of both compounds were nonlinear, and the Freundlich equation was found adequate to describe the isotherms. The sorption potential of E1–3S was about one order of magnitude lower than for the free counterpart, and the Kf values significantly changed between the two mediator solutions. The calculation of concentration-dependent effective distribution coefficients (Keffd) revealed that for a range of realistic exposure concentrations in a grazed dairy system, the common approach of using CaCl2 would deliver incorrect inferences for a sound risk assessment.
Severe Postpartum Gingival Enlargement
Authors: McLeod Dwight E. , Stoeckel Daniel , Contreras Juan , Reyes Elio 
Published: August 2009

Background: Gingival enlargement is a clinical condition that has been widely studied and is directly associated with specific local or systemic conditions. It is very rare that gingival enlargement presents without a clear underlying etiology.Methods: A 24‐year‐old African American female presented with gingival enlargement that manifested postpartum and was most likely related to changes in estrogen/progesterone. The gingival enlargement was treated with non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapies.Results: There was no evidence of recurrence of the gingival enlargement at 9 years post‐treatment.Conclusions: The etiology in this case remains unclear and could not be strongly supported by any reports in the literature. Future studies on gingival enlargement may explain such an unusual clinical occurrence.
Ceruloplasmin Induces Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Priming in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Iwata Tomoyuki , Kantarci Alpdogan , Yagi Motohiko , Jackson Tina , Hasturk Hatice , Kurihara Hidemi , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: August 2009

Background: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) present multiple functional abnormalities associated with a phenotypically primed PMN phenotype. Local inflammation is characterized by hypoxia, which leads to increased production of superoxide (O2−) by PMNs. Ceruloplasmin (CP) is also induced by hypoxia and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CP in O2− generation in PMNs from healthy subjects and patients with LAgP.Methods: PMNs were isolated from healthy subjects and those with LAgP (N = 36). Superoxide was measured by cytochrome‐C reduction at 550 nm. Intracellular CP expression was analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Serum levels of CP were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Intracellular iron ion conversion was spectrophotometrically determined by measuring the absorbance of σ‐phenanthroline at 510 nm.Results: O2− generation was significantly higher in LAgP PMNs before and after stimulation with formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (100 nM). CP expression in PMNs and CP levels in serum were significantly higher in subjects with LAgP compared to the PMNs and serum samples from matched healthy donors (P <0.05). LAgP PMNs also had significantly higher levels of Fe3+ and lower levels of Fe2+ compared to healthy PMNs (P <0.05), suggesting increased iron conversion. Exogenous CP treatment of healthy PMNs resulted in significant increases in O2− generation and iron ion conversion similar to LAgP PMNs.Conclusion: LAgP PMNs are primed to express higher levels of CP, leading to hypoxia‐mediated O2− generation in PMNs and increased oxidative stress and neutrophil‐mediated tissue injury in LAgP.
Interleukin‐17, RANKL, and Osteoprotegerin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid From Smoking and Non‐Smoking Patients With Chronic Periodontitis During Initial Periodontal Treatment
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Buduneli Eralp , Kütükçüler Necil 
Published: August 2009

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of initial periodontal treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)‐17, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (sRANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in smoking and non‐smoking patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: At baseline, GCF samples were obtained from 10 smoking and 10 non‐smoking systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis. Initial periodontal treatment, consisting of motivation and instruction for daily plaque control and scaling and root planing (SRP), was performed. GCF sampling and clinical periodontal measurements were repeated 4 weeks after completion of SRP. The data were tested statistically by the Student t and Wilcoxon matched‐pairs test and Spearman correlation analysis.Results: All clinical periodontal measurements had decreased significantly 4 weeks after SRP (P <0.001). GCF volume and the total amount and concentration of OPG decreased in smokers and non‐smokers after SRP, whereas the IL‐17 concentration increased (P <0.05). sRANKL levels did not differ between groups or with SRP (P >0.05). Significant correlations were found between baseline IL‐17 and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels and between baseline papilla bleeding index and OPG levels (P <0.001 and P <0.05, respectively).Conclusions: Neither smoking nor periodontal inflammation seemed to influence GCF RANKL levels in systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis. Smoking and non‐smoking patients with chronic periodontitis were not affected differently by the initial periodontal treatment with regard to GCF IL‐17 and OPG concentrations.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid MMP‐8 and −13 and TIMP‐1 Levels in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inflammatory Periodontal Disease
Authors: Bıyıkoğlu Başak , Buduneli Nurcan , Kardeşler Levent , Aksu Kenan , Pitkala Marjut , Sorsa Timo 
Published: August 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 and −13 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)‐1 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemically healthy counterparts with inflammatory periodontal disease.Methods: Subjects (N = 74) were divided into five groups: 12 patients with RA and gingivitis; 13 patients with RA and periodontitis; 12 systemically healthy patients with gingivitis; 13 systemically healthy patients with periodontitis; and 24 periodontally and systemically healthy volunteers. Full‐mouth clinical periodontal measurements were performed at six sites/tooth. GCF samples obtained from two sites in single‐rooted teeth were analyzed by immunofluorometric assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were assessed statistically by parametric tests.Results: The total amounts of MMP‐8 were lower in the healthy control group than in RA‐gingivitis, RA‐periodontitis, and healthy‐periodontitis groups (P <0.05). MMP‐13 levels were similar in all five study groups (P >0.05). Patients with RA and gingivitis or periodontitis exhibited levels of MMP‐8 and −13 and TIMP‐1 that were similar to systemically healthy counterparts (P >0.05).Conclusions: The coexistence of RA and periodontitis did not significantly affect the investigated parameters. GCF MMP‐8 levels increased with periodontal inflammation. Despite the long‐term usage of corticosteroids and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, similar GCF MMP‐8 and −13 levels in patients with RA and systemically healthy counterparts suggest that RA may create a tendency to overproduce these enzymes.
Sonological appearance of idiopathic arterial calcification in fetus: A rare case
Authors: Nagaraj BR , Jain Prakash , Thomas Deepu Alex , Raghu M 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIdiopathic arterial calcification (IAC) is a rare disease characterized by extensive arterial wall calcification. This condition is almost always fatal. A total of 162 cases have been reported to date, with most cases diagnosed postnatally and less than 13 cases having been suspected antenatally. This case report describes a case of IAC detected antenatally with USG at 28 weeks′ gestation.