bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and Genetic Diversity of Flea Beetles (Aphthona sp.) Introduced to North America as Biological Control Agents for Leafy Spurge
Authors: Roehrdanz R , Bourchier R , Cortilet A , Olson D , Sears S 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A molecular phylogeny is presented for the five main species of Aphthona flea beetles that were introduced to North America in conjunction with the leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) biological control program. The mitochondrial genome was examined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of a 9,000-bp segment and nucleotide sequencing of a 575-bp piece of cox1-cox2. A neighbor—joining tree of the RFLP data, along with neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony trees of the sequence alignments, all had the same major branching pattern. Each of the recognized species was a well defined clade. Three within species subbranches had very limited mitochondrial DNA diversity. One was a Wolbachia-infected lineage of A. nigriscutis most likely generated by a Wolbachia sweep where the spreading Wolbachia infection brought along the infected mitochondrial haplotype. Two of three subclades of A. lacertosa also had very little genetic diversity. One of these subclades also displayed a divergence from the other two that was analogous to the divergence observed between some of the other species pairs, suggesting it may be a cryptic species. Its distribution was restricted to Canada. The other genetically depauperate A. lacertosa line was the only lineage recovered in the United States. The geographically restricted nature of some of the genetic lines could be exploited to possibly improve biological control in some habitats through redistribution to other locations. It is not obvious that either Wolbachia infection or a narrow genetic base has had any detrimental effect on biological control.
Evaluation of glomerular filtration rate by use of dynamic computed tomography and Patlak analysis in clinically normal cats
Authors: Chang Jinhwa , Ahn Sejoon , Choi Sooyoung , Lee Heechun , Chang Dongwoo , Choi Hojung , Lee Youngwon 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To obtain quantitative variables of the abdominal aorta and both kidneys on the basis of time-attenuation curves (TACs) and to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for each kidney and the global GFR in clinically normal cats by use of dynamic computed tomography (CT) and Patlak analysis.
Animals—9 healthy cats.
Procedures—All the cats were anesthetized with propofol. Anesthesia was maintained by administration of isoflurane, and CT examination was performed in the anesthetized cats. The TACs and renal volume were measured by use of the baseline precontrast and single-slice dynamic scans. The CT-GFR of each kidney and the global CT-GFRs were calculated via Patlak plot analysis.
Results—CT-GFR results from 7 cats were valid. Peak aortic enhancement was detected between 9.0 and 14.0 seconds after iohexol injection, and the initial peak time of renal parenchymal enhancement was 15 to 24 seconds after iohexol injection. Mean ± SD global GFR was 2.06 ± 0.62 mL/min/kg. Mean ± SD CT-GFR of the right and left kidneys was 0.97 ± 0.32 mL/min/kg and 1.05 ± 0.31 mL/min/kg, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The CT-GFR method can be rapidly and conveniently performed in clinically normal cats. This combined structural-functional approach provided physiologic and morphological information on the kidneys of cats.
Effects of early pregnancy diagnosis by palpation per rectum on pregnancy loss in dairy cattle
Authors: Romano Juan E. , Thompson James A. , Kraemer Duane C. , Westhusin Mark E. , Tomaszweski Michael A. , Forrest David W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of palpation per rectum (PPR) by use of 1 or 2 fetal membrane slips (FMSs) for pregnancy diagnosis during early gestation on pregnancy loss in dairy cattle.
Design—Controlled, randomized block design.
Animals—928 healthy pregnant cattle.
Procedures—All cattle were determined to be pregnant by use of transrectal ultrasonography at approximately day 31 after estrus and randomly allocated into 2 groups (control group [n = 476 cows] and palpation group [452]). The control group was not subjected to pregnancy diagnosis via PPR. The palpation group was subdivided into 2 groups (PPR FMS 1 [n = 230 cows] and PPR FMS 2 [222]), which involved PPR and pregnancy diagnosis via 1 or 2 FMSs, respectively, during the same examination, which was performed by 1 veterinarian between days 34 and 43 after estrus. All cattle were reevaluated by use of transrectal ultrasonography on days 45 and 60 to determine viability of the embryo and fetus, respectively.
Results—Overall pregnancy loss between days 31 and 60 was 14.1%. Pregnancy loss for the control, PPR FMS 1, and PPR FMS 2 groups from days 31 to 60 was 14.5%, 12.6%, and 14.9%, respectively. Embryonic pregnancy loss for the control, PPR FMS 1, and PPR FMS 2 groups was 12.4%, 9.1%, and 9.5%, respectively. Fetal pregnancy loss for the same groups was 2.4%, 3.8%, and 5.9%, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pregnancy diagnosis via 1 or 2 FMSs performed during PPR in early gestation did not increase pregnancy loss in dairy cattle.
Strategies developed on the modification of titania for visible light response with enhanced interfacial charge transfer process: an overview
Authors: Gomathi Devi L. , Girish Kumar S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe modification of titania by metal / non metal ion doping, coupling with narrow band gap sensitizer, surface flourination, metal deposition, and together with recent ventures on application of {001} facets of anatase titania for visible light response with enhanced charge carrier separation are briefly overviewed.
Detection of estrogenic activity in Slovenian wastewaters by bioassay
Authors: Bistan Mirjana , Logar Romana , Tišler Tatjana 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Estrogenic activity has been detected in aquatic ecosystems across the world. However, there is a lack of such data for Slovenian wastewaters and surface waters. The Slovenian monitoring program of effluents discharged into surface waters does not require that emissions of natural and synthetic estrogens into aquatic environments be assessed and controlled. In our study, we assessed the potential estrogenicity of wastewater samples from three wastewater treatment plants using a yeast estrogen screen assay (YES assay). Due to the high inhibition of yeast growth in samples obtained during our first sampling period, it was impossible to detect any estrogenic activity. An additional silica gel clean-up step reduced the toxicity of samples collected during our second sampling period; as a result, we were able to record up to 95% relative estrogenic activity inhibition. Deconjugation of the estrogens did not significantly influence our results. We detected estrogenic activity using a YES assay in almost all influent and effluent samples tested, which suggests that the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) examined do not effectively remove (xeno)estrogens from wastewaters. Our results suggest that a YES assay is an appropriate screening method for monitoring estrogenic activity in effluents. However, prediction of the potential impacts of wastewater (xeno)estrogens on aquatic organisms require additional in vitro and in vivo assays.
Microbial Endocrinology
Authors: Sharaff Fathima , Freestone Primrose 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Microbial Endocrinology is a new microbiology research discipline that represents the intersection of microbiology and endocrinology with neurophysiology. It has as its main tenet that through their long co-existence with animals and plants, micro-organisms have evolved sensory systems for detecting host-associated hormones. These sensing systems allow the microbe to determine that they are within proximity of a suitable host, and that is time to initiate expression of genes involved in host colonisation. Microbial Endocrinology therefore provides a new paradigm with which to examine and understand the interactions of micro-organisms with their host under conditions present in both health and disease. This article will focus on microbial interactions with the fight and flight family of catecholamine stress hormones.
Inducing stem cell differentiation using low intensity laser irradiation: a possible novel therapeutic intervention
Authors: Abrahamse Heidi 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Developments in adult stem cell (ASC) potentiation have contributed to excitement in the field of stem cell-based therapy. The use of ASCs not only increases therapeutic treatment possibilities but successful use of multipotent cells for gene therapy has been demonstrated in animal models [1]. Concurrent ability of stem cells (SCs) to either contribute to disease development, as identified in cancer stem cells (CSCs), or to replace diseased tissue by induced differentiation using selected growth factors, has highlighted the intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are capable of self-renewal and respond well to induced differentiation [2]. Auto-immunity and transplant rejection may become minor limitations when selective induction of immunological nonresponsiveness to specific antigens or tissues become possible using autologous cell sources [3]. CSCs initiate tumorogenesis, can generate differentiated daughter cells or undergo self-renewal while thought to instigate tumour regeneration post-treatment. Therapy targeting CSCs has failed to provide feasible alternatives to conventional cancer treatment. Low intensity laser irradiation (LILI), induce a biostimulatory response in several tissue types in addition to a dose-response effect to the detriment of cellular degeneration. Potential of LILI to induce CSC differentiation and subsequent cytotoxic therapy to prevent tumour regeneration is explored in this mini-review.
Effect of cyclodextrins on pH-induced conformational transition of poly(methacrylic acid)
Authors: Horský Jiří , Podešva Jiří , Walterová Zuzana 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA pH-induced conformational transition of atactic poly(2-methylprop-2-enoic acid) (poly(methacrylic acid), PMMA) from the contracted to expanded conformation was investigated by viscometry, potentiometric titration, and anthracene solubilisation in the presence of low-molecular-mass non-ionogenic co-solutes-glucose, α-cyclodextrin (αCD), and γ-cyclodextrin (γCD), respectively. No effect of glucose and αCD on the conformational transition was observed with either of the methods used. On the other hand, the characteristic features of the conformational transition were absent in the presence of γCD. The different effects of the co-solutes indicate that the interaction between PMAA and γCD corresponds to the partial inclusion of the PMAA chain into the γCD cavity. The viscometry and anthracene solubilisation imply that γCD promotes the expanded conformation of PMAA at low pH. The potentiometric titration does not support this conclusion. Even though there is no break on the Henderson-Hasselbalch plot, a characteristic of the conformational transition, the potentiometric behaviour corresponds to that of the contracted PMMA conformation. Thus the results suggest the hierarchical picture of the PMAA conformation at low pH in which the local arrangement of the PMAA chain is a prerequisite for clustering on a larger scale.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Hypophosphatemia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Elsammak Mohamed , Attia Adel , Suleman Moosa 
Published: August 2011

Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Hypophosphatemia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease PatientsImpaired serum phosphate levels may contribute to respiratory muscle weakness that further negatively impacts Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients. Recently, Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23) has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of body phosphate. The current study includes 2 groups: 70 COPD patients and 34 control subjects. Blood samples were taken for a panel of routine lab tests. FGF-23 was measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. Plasma FGF-23 levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (P=0.000). Tubular maximum absorption of phosphate was significantly reduced in COPD patients compared to the control group (P=0.04). Plasma FGF-23 negatively correlated with FEV1 and serum albumin. Elevated plasma FGF-23 levels found in COPD patients correlated with disease severity and may represent an additional factor causing low serum phosphate.
Immunohistomorphometric Features of ACTH Cells in Juvenile Rats after Treatment with Estradiol or Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Authors: Milošević Verica , Todorović Danijela , Veličković Miroslava , Ristić Nataša , Ušćebrka Gordana , Knežević Veroljub , Ajdžanović Vladimir 
Published: August 2011

Immunohistomorphometric Features of ACTH Cells in Juvenile Rats after Treatment with Estradiol or Human Chorionic GonadotropinEstradiol and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are very important in controlling the secretory activity of hormone producing cells in the female rat pituitary glands. The aim of the present study was to examine the morphometric parameters of immunohistochemically labeled ACTH cells in juvenile (16th day) female rat pituitaries after treatment with five doses of estradiol dipropionate (EDP) and two doses of hCG during the neonatal period of life. The controls were treated on the same schedule with an equivalent volume of vehicle. All animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment. ACTH-producing cells were studied using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical procedure. The absolute and relative pituitary weights were increased (p<0.05) only in the EDP treated group by 120.0% and by 121.1% respectively, in comparison with the controls. In this group, the volume of ACTH cells, volume of their nuclei and volume density were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by 6.4%, 33.3% and 46.2% respectively, compared to the corresponding controls. After treatment with hCG, there were no significant (p>0.05) changes neither in the volume of ACTH cells nor in the volume of their nuclei, in comparison with the controls. On the basis of the results obtained in our study, it can be concluded that EDP, injected into female rats during the neonatal period of life, has an inhibitory effect on the immunohistomorphometric parameters of ACTH cells, but such an effect is not clearly expressed after treatment with hCG.
Stress Intensity Factor Calculations for the Compressor Blade with Half-Elliptical Surface Crack Using Raju-Newman Solution
Authors: Witek Lucjan 
Published: August 2011

Stress Intensity Factor Calculations for the Compressor Blade with Half-Elliptical Surface Crack Using Raju-Newman Solution
This paper presents results of the stress intensity factor calculations for the compressor blade including a half-elliptical crack, subjected to vibration. In this analysis, the Raju-Newman empirical solution for stress intensity factor calculations in the rectangular plate with a half-elliptical flaw was used. The bending stress used in the Raju-Newman solution was computed for the real blade using the finite element method. The K-factor values were calculated only at one point of the crack front, where the crack tip contacts the free surface, because the crack length during experimental investigations was measured just in this direction. In order to determine the stress intensity factors for different crack sizes, ten diverse flaws in the blade were defined. Results of the experimental fatigue tests performed for the blade without preliminary defects showed that the cracks developed from the convex blade surface. On the blade fracture, the beach marks typical of the fatigue damage were visible. The dimensions of cracks in the rectangular plate were defined based on the beach marks shape. In the next part of the work, the stress intensity factor values were used as an input data into the Paris-Erdogan equation. As a result of this calculation, the crack growth rate for the compressor blade vibrating at constant amplitude was estimated. The results obtained were finally compared with the results of the experimental crack growth analysis performed for 1st stage compressor blades of the helicopter turbo-engine.
Diffusion tensor imaging–based fiber tracking for prediction of the position of the facial nerve in relation to large vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Gerganov Venelin M. , Giordano Mario , Samii Madjid , Samii Amir 
Published: August 2011

Object
The reliable preoperative visualization of facial nerve location in relation to vestibular schwannoma (VS) would allow surgeons to plan tumor removal accordingly and may increase the safety of surgery. In this prospective study, the authors attempted to validate the reliability of facial nerve diffusion tensor (DT) imaging–based fiber tracking in a series of patients with large VSs. Furthermore, the authors evaluated the potential of this visualization technique to predict the morphological shape of the facial nerve (tumor compression–related flattening of the nerve).

Methods
Diffusion tensor imaging and anatomical images (constructive interference in steady state) were acquired in a series of 22 consecutive patients with large VSs and postprocessed with navigational software to obtain facial nerve fiber tracking. The location of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) part of the nerve in relation to the tumor was recorded during surgery by the surgeon, who was blinded to the results of the fiber tracking. A correlative analysis was performed of the imaging-based location of the nerve compared with its in situ position in relation to the VS.

Results
Fibers corresponding to the anatomical location and course of the facial nerve from the brainstem to the internal auditory meatus were identified with the DT imaging–based fiber tracking technique in all 22 cases. The location of the CPA segment of the facial nerve in relation to the VS determined during surgery corresponded to the location of the fibers, predicted by the DT imaging–based fiber tracking, in 20 (90.9%) of the 22 patients. No DT imaging–based fiber tracking correlates were found with the 2 morphological types of the nerve (compact or flat).

Conclusions
The current study of patients with large VSs has shown that the position of the facial nerve in relation to the tumor can be predicted reliably (in 91%) using DT imaging–based fiber tracking. These are preliminary results that need further verification in a larger series.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Studies of Mononuclear Fe(II) and Ni(II) Complexes Containing a Macrocyclic Ligand Derived from Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxaldehyde and 1,2-Bis(2-aminoethoxy) Ethane
Authors: Alam M. M. , Begum R. , Rahman S. M. M. , Islam S. M. S. 
Published: September 2011

The cyclic (2+2) template condensation of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde with 1,2-bis(2-aminoethoxy) ethane using Pb(SCN)2 as the metal source gave dinuclear lead(II) complex, Pb2L1(SCN)4 (1), where L1 is tetra-Schiff-base macrocycle. The transmetallation treatment of 1 with suitable metal perchlorate yield [FeL1](ClO4)2 (2) and [NiL1](ClO4)2 (3). The complexes (2 & 3) have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-visible, and ESI-MS spectroscopy. Based on spectral data, octahedral geometry may be proposed for these complexes. The electrochemical behavior of iron and nickel complexes is reported.Keywords: Macrocyclic complexes; Spectroscopic studies; 1,2-Bis(2-aminoethoxy) ethane; Charge transfer.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: 10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7231 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 609-617 (2011)
L'indicateur QALYs à la lumière de la théorie de l'utilité espérée multi-attribut explicitement décomposée
Authors: Buron Catherine , Le Galès Catherine , Fericelli Anne-Marie 
Published: September 2011

An Explanatory Analysis of the QALYs Indicator in the Light of Multi- Attribute Utility Theory by Catherine Buron, Catherine Le Gales and Anne-Marie Fericelli
For the past few years a number of health microeconomists have been suggesting that quality adjusted life years (QALYs) should be included in economic analysis. The first half of the paper offers a critical review of existing QALYs models in the light of Keeney and Raiffa's multi-attribute utility theory (MUT). In the second half, the conditions for QALYs modelling with this theory are explained and the various hypotheses (independence in terms of utility, mutual utility and additive utility) are stated and then discussed. Whilst highlighting the lack of evidence for the empirical validity of the hypotheses required for QALYs modelling consistent with the MUT, the survey demonstrates the importance of the MUT for modelling utility functions relating to chronic states of health.
Mesure de l'équité des modes de financement et de distribution des soins de santé : aspects méthodologiques avec illustration sur l'Irlande
Authors: Nolan Brian 
Published: September 2011

Mesure de l'équité des modes de financement et de distribution des soins de santé :
aspects méthodologiques avec illustration sur l'Irlande
par Brian Nolan
Cet article présente les difficultés méthodologiques rencontrées dans la mesure de l'équité du financement et de la distribution des soins de santé. Certaines de ces difficultés sont communes à d'autres domaines de l'économie mais plus complexes demeurent spécifiques, comme celui de trouver une mesure convenable des besoins médicaux. Il est aussi difficile d'établir un lien univoque entre résultats macro-économiques et comportements micro-économiques de production et consommation. Encore plus complexe est le fait que l'évaluation des besoins devrait faire référence à la capacité des patients de bénéficier des soins plutôt qu'à l'importance de la maladie, et à la répartition dans la population de ces améliorations d'état de santé plutôt qu'à l'utilisation des soins médicaux. En effet, beaucoup des soins médicaux proposés actuellement ne sauraient réduire les inégalités de santé, quand bien même ils seraient ciblés sur les catégories socio-économiques les plus défavorisées.
Recours aux soins des adultes et mode de gestion du risque
Authors: Menahem Georges 
Published: September 2011

Adult Health-Care Demand And Risk Management Methods by Georges Menahem
The paper shows how allowance for individual attitudes to risk can improve the "health-care demand" model. The assumption that individuals differ according to the level of overall risk that they are prepared to accept produces a coherent analysis of state of health, demand for medical care, and prevention "investment". Logistic regressions for a representative cross-section of the French population consisting of 13 150 adults show that this level of "programmed risk" correlates positively with declared morbidity and objective morbidity in terms of medical consumption. Conversely, it correlates negatively with prophylactic medical visits.
Segmentation et marchés locaux du travail
Authors: Thisse Jacques-François , Zenou Yves 
Published: September 2011

Segmentation et marchés locaux du travail par Jacques-François Thisse et Yves Zenou
L'existence de segmentations et de cloisonnements spatiaux sur le marché du travail est un fait empirique bien établi. L'objet de cet article est d'exposer et d'évaluer les principales explications qui en ont été proposées. Celles-ci ont en commun de supposer que la force de travail est hétérogène, à savoir que les travailleurs sont différenciés soit par leur spécialisation, soit par leur localisation géographique.