bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a prediction model for early reconnection after cryoballoon ablation
Authors: van Waaij Kevin , Keçe Fehmi , de Riva Marta , Alizadeh Dehnavi Reza , Wijnmaalen Adrianus P. , Piers Sebastiaan R. D. , Mertens Bart J. , Zeppenfeld Katja , Trines Serge A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
We previously developed an early reconnection/dormant conduction (ERC) prediction model for cryoballoon ablation to avoid a 30-min waiting period with adenosine infusion. We now aimed to validate this model based on time to isolation, number of unsuccessful cryo-applications, and nadir balloon temperature.

Methods
Consecutive atrial fibrillation patients who underwent their first cryoballoon ablation in 2018–2019 at the Leiden University Medical Center were included. Model performance at the previous and at a new optimal cutoff value was determined.

Results
A total of 201 patients were included (85.57% paroxysmal AF, 139 male, median age 61 years (IQR 53–69)). ERC was found in 35 of 201 included patients (17.41%) and in 41 of 774 veins (5.30%). In the present study population, the previous cutoff value of − 6.7 provided a sensitivity of 37.84% (previously 70%) and a specificity of 89.07% (previously 86%). Shifting the cutoff value to − 7.2 in both study populations resulted in a sensitivity of 72.50% and 72.97% and a specificity of 78.22% and 78.63% in data from the previous and present study respectively. Negative predictive values were 96.55% and 98.11%. Applying the model on the 101 patients of the present study with all necessary data for all veins resulted in 43 out of 101 patients (43%) not requiring a 30-min waiting period with adenosine testing. Two patients (2%) with ERC would have been missed when applying the model.

Conclusions
The previously established ERC prediction model performs well, recommending its use for centers routinely using adenosine testing following PVI.

Graphical Abstract
A novel method based on deep learning algorithms for material deformation rate detection
Authors: Özdem Selim , Orak İlhami Muharrem 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiven the significant influence of microstructural characteristics on a material’s mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, this study posits that the deformation rate of structural steel S235-JR can be precisely determined by analyzing changes in its microstructure. Utilizing advanced artificial intelligence techniques, microstructure images of S235-JR were systematically analyzed to establish a correlation with the material’s lifespan. The steel was categorized into five classes and subjected to varying deformation rates through laboratory tensile tests. Post-deformation, the specimens underwent metallographic procedures to obtain microstructure images via an light optical microscope (LOM). A dataset comprising 10000 images was introduced and validated using K-Fold cross-validation. This research utilized deep learning (DL) architectures ResNet50, ResNet101, ResNet152, VGG16, and VGG19 through transfer learning to train and classify images containing deformation information. The effectiveness of these models was meticulously compared using a suite of metrics including Accuracy, F1-score, Recall, and Precision to determine their classification success. The classification accuracy was compared across the test data, with ResNet50 achieving the highest accuracy of 98.45%. This study contributes a five-class dataset of labeled images to the literature, offering a new resource for future research in material science and engineering.
NO2 and NH3 detection using work function measurement of solvothermal synthesised ZnO–NiO nanocomposites: a case study
Authors: Goyal Deepak , Goyal Chandra Prakash , Chidambaram David , Sivalingam Yuvaraj , Ikeda Hiroya , Ponnusamy S. , Ramgir Niranjan S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWork function measurement using Kelvin probe method has been demonstrated as an effective and novel approach towards detection of NH3 and NO2 gases using ZnO–NiO based nanocomposites. For this the nanocomposites were synthesised in different compositions using the solvothermal method. Formation of ZnO–NiO nanocomposites was confirmed using XRD and EDS studies. It is found that the nanoparticle morphology of NiO changes with different percentages of Zn addition. The work function of the sensing film was found to decrease and increase upon exposure to NH3 (1.51) and NO2 (1.18) gases owing to the reducing and oxidising nature of the test gases. Of the different composites, Zn0.75Ni0.25O exhibited highest sensor response towards the test gases. The increased response is attributed to the nanostructured morphology of the nanocomposite and the formation and collapse of the p-n heterojunction formed between p-type NiO and n-type ZnO. Besides, incorporation of NiO enhances the oxygen adsorption on the sensor surface assigned to the Ni2+ ions getting readily oxidised to Ni3+. Our results clearly suggest that the work function measurements could also be used as an effective way for NO2 and NH3 detection.
Integrating the Philosophy and Psychology of Well-Being: An Opinionated Overview
Authors: Brown James L. D. , Potter Sophie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the integration and unification of the philosophy and psychology of well-being. For the most part, these disciplines investigate well-being without reference to each other. In recent years, however, with the maturing of each discipline, there have been a growing number of calls to integrate the two. While such calls are welcome, what it means to integrate well-being philosophy and psychology can vary greatly depending on one’s theoretical and practical ends. The aim of this paper is to provide a novel conceptual framework for thinking about integrating well-being philosophy and psychology that systematically categorizes different kinds of integration projects. We divide existing attempts in the literature into three broad categories according to the perspective from which the integration takes place: (1) top-down meta-theoretical unification; (2) psychological integration within philosophy; and (3) philosophical integration within psychology. These categories are then broken down into various further subcategories. Our aim in providing this framework is both to facilitate the assessment and comparison of existing integration attempts and to provide a roadmap for future integration attempts. For each category, we discuss one or two representative examples of the approaches. By doing so, we hope to generate interest in the wide variety of existing integration projects, as well as to generate discussion concerning the benefits and pitfalls of different approaches.
WELL-POSEDNESS OF A NONLINEAR INTERFACE PROBLEM DESCRIBED BY HEMIVARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES VIA BOUNDARY INTEGRAL OPERATORS
Authors: Gwinner Joachim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the well-posedness of a novel nonlinear interface problem on an unbounded domain with nonmonotone set-valued transmission conditions. This interface problem involves a nonlinear monotone partial differential equation in the interior domain and the Laplacian in the exterior domain. Such a scalar interface problem models nonmonotone frictional contact of elastic infinite media. The variational formulation of the interface problem leads to a hemivariational inequality (HVI), which however lives on the unbounded domain, and thus cannot be analyzed in a reflexive Banach space setting. Boundary integral methods lead to another HVI that is amenable to functional analytic methods using standard Sobolev spaces on the interior domain and Sobolev spaces of fractional order on the coupling boundary. Broadening the scope of the paper, we consider extended real-valued HVIs augmented by convex extended real-valued functions. Under a smallness hypothesis, we provide existence and uniqueness results and, moreover, establish a stability result for extended real-valued HVIs with respect to the extended real-valued function as a parameter. Based on the latter general stability result, we provide various stability results for the interface problem, as well as the stability of a related bilateral obstacle interface problem with respect to the obstacles.
Model-based deep reinforcement learning for accelerated learning from flow simulations
Authors: Weiner Andre , Geise Janis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, deep reinforcement learning has emerged as a technique to solve closed-loop flow control problems. Employing simulation-based environments in reinforcement learning enables a priori end-to-end optimization of the control system, provides a virtual testbed for safety-critical control applications, and allows to gain a deep understanding of the control mechanisms. While reinforcement learning has been applied successfully in a number of rather simple flow control benchmarks, a major bottleneck toward real-world applications is the high computational cost and turnaround time of flow simulations. In this contribution, we demonstrate the benefits of model-based reinforcement learning for flow control applications. Specifically, we optimize the policy by alternating between trajectories sampled from flow simulations and trajectories sampled from an ensemble of environment models. The model-based learning reduces the overall training time by up to$$85\%$$85%for the fluidic pinball test case. Even larger savings are expected for more demanding flow simulations.
Inquiry, value, and some peculiarities of the Pyrrhonist’s psychology
Authors: Bowden Chelsea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper offers a new psychological reading of the Pyrrhonian Skeptic and their way of life (the so-called Skeptic Way). The Pyrrhonist, I suggest, has three peculiar psychological hallmarks: (1) she is psychologically compelled to inquire after the truth, (2) she is persistently and repeatedly disturbed by anomaly in the facts, and (3) she is able to achieve tranquility (ataraxia) as a result of suspension of judgment (epochē). This new psychological interpretation has two payoffs. First, it helps us resolve the “inquiry problem”—how can the Pyrrhonist possibly engage in genuine inquiry into the truth, when it also seems to the Pyrrhonist that holding beliefs of any kind, but particularly evaluative beliefs, causes psychological disturbance? Second, it allows us to appreciate a new kind of value for Pyrrhonism, what I term psychological value. We can discern two distinct types of ataraxia, both a moderate type resulting from the simple, temporary cessation of inquiry and a more significant, enduring type achieved by failing to hold any evaluative beliefs. On the whole, the Pyrrhonist fares better than the non-Pyrrhonist by acquiring both forms of ataraxia more regularly.
Enhancing the biodiesel production in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris by heavy metal stress and prediction of fuel properties from fatty acid profiles
Authors: Saber Hani , Galal Hamdy Ramadan , Abo-Eldahab Mohamed , Alwaleed Eman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe green microalga Chlorella vulgaris was used as a test organism during this study for evaluation of the impact of different heavy metal stress, Mn2+, Co2+, and Zn2+, on enhancing the biodiesel production. The algal cultures were grown for 13 days under heavy metal stress after which were subjected to estimation of growth, some primary metabolites, lipid, and fatty acid profiles. The maximum lipid accumulation (283.30 mg/g CDW) was recorded in the algal culture treated with 3 µM cobalt nitrate. Application of 2 mM manganese chloride; 1, 2, and 3 μM cobalt nitrate; and 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mM zinc sulfate caused highly significant increases in the lipid contents amounting to 183.8, 191.4, 230.6, 283.3, 176.3, 226.0, and 212.1 mg/g CDW, respectively, in comparison to control (153.4 mg/g CDW). The maximum proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (64.44%) was noted in the culture treated with 6 mM MnCl2 due to the existence of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and pentadecylic acid (C15:0) which are represented by 53.59%, 5.96%, and 1.37%, respectively, of the total FAs. Relative increase in energy compound (REEC) showed that 1, 2, and 3 µM Co2+ lead to the highest stimulation in lipid and carbohydrate contents to 0.207, 0.352, and 0.329 × 103%, respectively. Empirical formulas were used for the assessment of biodiesel fuel properties based on FAME composition. The estimated properties met the prescribed international standard criteria.
Comparison of active measurements, lichen biomonitoring, and passive sampling for atmospheric mercury monitoring
Authors: Gačnik Jan , Živković Igor , Kotnik Jože , Božič Dominik , Tassone Antonella , Naccarato Attilio , Pirrone Nicola , Sprovieri Francesca , Steffen Alexandra , Horvat Milena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe number of atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring stations is growing globally. However, there are still many regions and locations where Hg monitoring is limited or non-existent. Expansion of the atmospheric Hg monitoring network could be facilitated by the use of cost-effective monitoring methods. As such, biomonitoring and passive monitoring offer a unique alternative to well-established monitoring by active measurements, since they do not require a power supply and require minimal workload to operate. The use of biomonitoring (lichens and mosses) and passive air samplers (PASs) (various designs with synthetic materials) has been reported in the literature, and comparisons with active measurement methods have also been made. However, these studies compared either biomonitoring or PASs (not both) to only one type of active measurement. In our work, we used transplanted (7 sampling sites) and in situ lichens (8 sampling sites) for biomonitoring, two PASs from different producers (3 sampling sites), and two different active measurement types (continuous and discontinuous active measurements, 1 and 8 sampling sites, respectively) to evaluate their effectiveness as monitoring methods. In the 9-month sampling campaign, 3 sampling locations with different characteristics (unpolluted, vicinity of a cement plant, and vicinity of a former Hg mine) were used. The results obtained with lichens and PASs clearly distinguished between sampling locations with different Hg concentrations; using both PASs and lichens together increased the confidence of our observations. The present work shows that biomonitoring and passive sampling can be effectively used to identify areas with elevated atmospheric Hg concentrations. The same can be said for discontinuous active measurements; however, the discrepancy between atmospheric Hg concentrations derived from PASs and discontinuous active measurements should be further investigated in the future.
Graphical Abstract
How the Social Gets Under the Skin: From the Social as Signal to Society as a Metabolic Milieu
Authors: Landecker Hannah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInflammation has risen to the forefront of biomedical research into many chronic diseases prevalent in industrialized countries, including mental, metabolic, and postviral conditions. For sociologists, the rise of inflammation in explanatory models of chronic disease is an opportunity to grasp a historical shift in thinking about how society gets under the skin as new modes of conceptualization of the relationship between societies and bodies emerge in this domain. Highlighting two historical conjunctures between epidemiology and molecular biology concerning hormones and fat, this paper thereby contrasts an older cybernetic model of the social as a signal transduced via the brain and hormonal signaling system to become a biological accretion of stress or adversity with an explanatory trajectory centered on chronic inflammation. Rather than transducing the social environment, the inflammatory body emerging from the studies of adiposity and diabetes is produced by metabolizing material and psychosocial conditions. Inequalities in the social world are thereby reflected as inflammatory states that exist upstream of, not downstream to, the kinds of social signals previously deemed important to health and health disparities. Signals still matter, but they are not their own key determinant in terms of action or impact—that is a contextual matter within the chronicity of the processual metabolic life of a cellular and bodily milieu.
Increasing Energy Efficiency by Optimizing Heat Treatment Parameters for High-Alloyed Tool Steels
Authors: Schuppener Jannik , Benito Santiago , Weber Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the paper industry, machine circular knives are used in the cutting process to provide industrial quality cuts on a variety of products. In the production of paper rolls, they cut the long-rolled paper products into commercial sizes. For this application, the high-alloyed ledeburitic cold work tool steel, DIN EN 1.2379 (X153CrMoV12; AISI D2), in the secondary hardened heat-treated condition has become the widely used industry solution. However, its heat treatment is a very energy-intensive production process. It consists of a quenching from an austenitizing temperature above 1050 °C, followed by three high-temperature tempering steps of more than 500 °C. In the study, the heat treatment process was optimized for energy efficiency, resulting in superior material properties with lower energy consumption. The most promising low energy heat treatment developed in the laboratory was reproduced in the industrial scale, and the required energy consumption was quantified. Subsequently, the resulting properties of the tools such as hardness, wear resistance and fracture toughness were determined. The energy production costs and mechanical properties of the tool steel were evaluated in comparison to conventional production methods. The newly applied heat treatment condition showed very promising and positive results in all analyzed parameters.
Food contamination and cardiovascular disease: a narrative review
Authors: Mancuso Gerardo , Violi Francesco , Nocella Cristina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among non-communicable diseases worldwide. Evidence shows that a healthy dietary pattern positively influences many risk factors of cardiometabolic health, stroke, and heart disease, supported by the effectiveness of healthy diet and lifestyles for the prevention of CVD. High quality and safety of foods are prerequisites to ensuring food security and beneficial effects. Contaminants can be present in foods mainly because of contamination from environmental sources (water, air, or soil pollution), or artificially introduced by the human. Moreover, the cross-contamination or formation during food processing, food packaging, presence or contamination by natural toxins, or use of unapproved food additives and adulterants. Numerous studies reported the association between food contaminants and cardiovascular risk by demonstrating that (1) the cross-contamination or artificial sweeteners, additives, and adulterants in food processing can be the cause of the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events and (2) environmental factors, such as heavy metals and chemical products can be also significant contributors to food contamination with a negative impact on cardiovascular systems. Furthermore, oxidative stress can be a common mechanism that mediates food contamination-associated CVDs as substantiated by studies showing impaired oxidative stress biomarkers after exposure to food contaminants.This narrative review summarizes the data suggesting how food contaminants may elicit artery injury and proposing oxidative stress as a mediator of cardiovascular damage.
The potential protective role of vitamin D and calcium supplements in reducing cardiovascular disease risk among elderly patients with osteopenia
Authors: Khasawneh Ramada R. , Al-Soudi Hana S. , Abu-El-Rub Ejlal , Alzu’bi Ayman , Al-Zoubi Raed M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease and low bone mineral density are major health problems in the elderly. These two conditions are considered independent of each other and age-related diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between low bone mineral density (BMD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidents, and the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplement on the incidence of CVD in patients with low BMD.

Methods
A total of 1047 patients (597 females/450 males) with the age of 65 years and more were diagnosed with osteopenia for 13 years or more. The study also included 220 patients (107 females/113 males) with osteopenia who already took calcium and vitamin D continually since their diagnosis. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The incidence of any cardiovascular diseases in the study patients and the presence of corresponding risk factors were collected and analyzed.

Results
In both elderly Arab females and males, there was an association between total hip and femoral neck BMD and the possibility to have CVD. On the other hand, the results showed that patients who use calcium and vitamin D supplements showed a significant reduction in the incidence of CVD comparing to the non-treated patients.

Conclusion
Low total hip and femoral neck BMD were associated with a higher chance to have CVD incidents in both elderly Arab males and females; moreover, calcium and vitamin D supplements have a possible protective role in reducing cardiovascular disease in elderly patients with osteopenia.
Perioperative care in infective endocarditis
Authors: Quintana Eduard , Ranchordas Sara , Ibáñez Cristina , Danchenko Polina , Smit Francis Edwin , Mestres Carlos - Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPatients undergoing surgery for acute infective endocarditis are among those with the highest risk. Their preoperative condition has significant impact on outcomes. There are specific issues related with the preoperative situation, intraoperative findings, and postoperative management. In this narrative review, focus is placed on the most critical aspects in the perioperative period including the management and weaning from mechanical ventilation, the management of vasoplegia, the management of the chest open, antithrombotic therapy, transfusion, coagulopathy, management of atrial fibrillation, the duration of antibiotic therapy, and pacemaker implantation.
On the Properties of Quasi-Banach Function Spaces
Authors: Nekvinda Aleš , Peša Dalimil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper we explore some basic properties of quasi-Banach function spaces which are important in applications. Namely, we show that they possess a generalised version of Riesz–Fischer property, that embeddings between them are always continuous, and that the dilation operator is bounded on them. We also provide a characterisation of separability for quasi-Banach function spaces over the Euclidean space. Furthermore, we extend the classical Riesz–Fischer theorem to the context of quasinormed spaces and, as a consequence, obtain an alternative proof of completeness of quasi-Banach function spaces.