bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Anatomical Study of the Forearm Extensor Muscles ofCebus libidinosus(Rylands et al., 2000; Primates, Cebidae), Modern Humans, and Other Primates, With Comments on Primate Evolution, Phylogeny, and Manipulatory Behavior
Authors: Aversi‐Ferreira T.A. , Diogo R. , Potau J.M. , Bello G. , Pastor J.F. , Aziz M. Ashraf 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDespite its abundance in Latin America, and its remarkable ability to use tools, there are only a few myological studies on the capuchin monkey,Cebus libidinosus. In the present study, we dissected the forearm extensor muscles of six adult males and two adult females of this species. We describe these muscles and compare them with those of other primates dissected by us and by other authors. The forearm extensor muscles ofCebusmonkeys are, in general, more similar to those of other platyrrhines than to distantly related taxa that use tools, such as chimpanzees and modern humans, with three main exceptions: contrary to most other platyrrhines, (1) inCebus, chimpanzees and modern humans the extensor pollicis longus usually inserts onto Digit I, and not onto Digits I and II; (2) inCebusthe abductor pollicis longus has two separate tendons, as is the case in chimpanzees, and in modern humans (where one of these tendons is associated with a distinct belly, forming the muscle extensor pollicis brevis); (3) inCebus, and in modern humans and chimpanzees, the extensor pollicis longus is not deeply blended with the extensor indicis. Therefore, theCebusmonkeys provide an illustrative example of how phylogenetic constrains and ecological adaptations have been combined to develop a specific myological configuration that, associated with their sophisticated neurological organization, allow them to easily navigate in their arboreal habitats and, at the same time, to finely manipulate objects in order to search for food and to prepare this food for ingestion. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MicroRNA‐206 Is Associated With Invasion and Metastasis of Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Ling Chunhua , Bai Yanyan , Zhao Jun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMicroRNAs are novel small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. Compelling evidence reveals that there is a causative link between microRNAs deregulation and cancer development and progression. The present study aims to explore the function of miR‐206 in the proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and invasion of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Using real‐time PCR, we detected the miR‐206 expression of normal lung tissues, tumor tissues, human normal bronchial epithelial cell line, and six lung cancer cell lines (LCCLs). Then, we evaluated the role of miR‐206 in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion using Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, Annexin‐V/FITC assay, wound healing, and Transwell assay in LCCLs. As a result, miR‐206 expression level was lower in high metastasis tumors and 95D than low metastasis tumors and normal lung tissues as well as other LCCLs. After miR‐206 was upregulated in LCCLs, cell proliferation was notably attenuated and apoptosis was significantly increased. Furthermore, overexpression of miR‐206 inhibited migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that expression level of miR‐206 was inversely correlated with metastatic potential of lung cancer. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular Variations Related to the Regional Differences in Periosteal Growth at the Mandibular Ramus
Authors: Sun Zongyang , Tee Boon Ching 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPeriosteal growth at human mandibular ramus is characterized by bone apposition at the posterior border and resorption at the anterior border. Molecular control of this regional variation is unclear. This study examined the expression of several molecules involved in bone apposition/resorption at these regions in vivo and in vitro. By using growing pigs as a model, the periosteal growth was assessed at the mandibular ramus by vital staining and histological observations. In parallel, periosteal tissues were harvested and pulverized for RNA and protein extraction. Periosteal cells were also isolated, expanded in osteogenic media, and subjected to a single dose of dynamic tensile strain (0, 5, or 10% magnitude at 0.5 Hz) to examine their responses to mechanical loading. Real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses were used to examine mRNA and protein expression from periosteal tissues and cultured cells. Histological observation confirmed an anterior‐resorption/posterior‐apposition pattern in the pig mandibular ramus. Both in vivo tissue and in vitro cells demonstrated greater mRNA expression of receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) at the anterior region, while OPG expression at the anterior region was lower than the posterior region. In response to the application of a single dose of dynamic tensile strain, cultured periosteal cells appeared to change the expression profile of osteogenic markers but not that of RANKL/OPG and BMP2. These findings suggest that the unique regional variation of periosteal activity at the mandibular ramus is regulated by a differential expression of RANKL/OPG ratio (likely through differential induction of OPG) and BMP2. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptosis in the Uterotubal Junction and Oviductal Isthmus during the Estrous Cycle of the Bitch
Authors: Urhausen C. , Beineke A. , Piechotta M. , Karre I. , Beyerbach M. , Günzel‐Apel A.R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractApoptotic cells were evaluated in the lamina epithelialis (LE) and lamina propria (LP) of the canine uterotubal junction and oviductal isthmus by means of the TUNEL assay and Caspase‐3 detection regarding cyclic changes. Oviducts of bitches in anestrus, early and late follicular phase, 2 and 4 days after ovulation, mid‐luteal phase, and endometrial reparation were available. The rate of apoptosis was generally low (min = 0; max = 33 apoptotic cells in 500 cells). Regardless of the stage of the estrous cycle, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the LE compared to the LP (P < 0.05). In anoestrus, early and late follicular phase as well as during endometrial reparation, the number of apoptotic cells was on a constantly low level. A significant increase was found 4 days after ovulation by caspase‐3 detection coinciding with early luteal development and in mid‐luteal phase. The results demonstrate that the number of apoptotic cells changes depending on the stage of the ovarian cycle. The coincidence of the increase in the number of apoptotic cells and the time of achievement of oocyte competence, which is known to occur in the bitch 3–4 days after ovulation, suggests a causal relationship between the postovulatory maturation stage of oocytes and the rate of apoptosis in the caudal oviduct. Furthermore, a specific relevance of apoptosis may exist in the process of fertilization regarding sperm storage and detachment of spermatozoa bound to the epithelium of the caudal oviduct, which has been identified as a functional sperm reservoir in other species. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiovascular Development and Survival During Gestation in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model for Down Syndrome
Authors: Lorandeau Candice G. , Hakkinen Lauren A. , Moore Clara S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Ts65Dn mouse model for Down syndrome (DS) exhibits many phenotypes seen in human DS. Previous research has revealed a reduced rate of transmission of the T65Dn marker chromosome in neonates. To analyze potential fetal loss, litters from trisomic females at 10.5dpc through 14.5dpc were genotyped. No significant differences from the expected Mendelian ratio were found in transmission of T65Dn at any stage. Cardiovascular defects found in trisomic neonates are associated with formation of pharyngeal arch arteries. Vessel tracing was used to identify anomalies in 10.5dpc, 11.5dpc, and 13.5dpc embryos. Comparison of trisomic versus euploid embryos injected with India ink revealed delay and abnormality in cardiovascular development in trisomic embryos at each stage. Through the analysis of transmission rate and cardiovascular development in embryonic mice, we learn more about prenatal mortality and the origins of cardiac abnormality in the Ts65Dn mice to assist in understanding cardiovascular malformation associated with DS. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Interleukin‐1β on the Expression of Actin Isoforms in Cultured Mouse Astroglia
Authors: Abd‐El‐Basset E.M. , Abd‐El‐Barr Muhammad M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCytokines are soluble mediators that are thought to act as communication signals between astroglia and neighboring neural cells. They are both released by, and act on, astroglia. It is hypothesized that it is this effect on astroglia that may be important in widespread phenomena including traumatic brain injury, inflammation, and scar formation. In this article, we examine the effect of mouse recombinant interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) on the morphology, organization, and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and actin isoforms in cultured mouse astroglia. This study shows that the majority of the astroglia treated with IL‐1β acquire long processes. Immunofluorescence staining shows that there are no remarkable changes in the organization of GFAP, F‐actin, α‐smooth muscle (α‐sm) actin, and β‐actin isoforms. In fluorescent microplate assay, the short‐term treated astroglia (range, 1–2 days) show an increase in the intensity of GFAP and β‐actin isoform over the level observed in untreated control, whereas no remarkable changes are observed in the intensity of α‐sm actin isoform. In the case of long‐term treatment (range, 4–8 days), the intensity of GFAP and α‐sm actin isoform progressively decreases below the level of untreated control. In addition, the intensity of β‐actin isoform increases above the control level. These results have been confirmed by immunoblotting experiments. The upregulation of β‐actin isoform may be important in limiting the noxious effects of an inflammatory reaction. This gives credence to the hypothesis that it might be possible to modulate astroglial effects on neuronal inflammation and scar formation with appropriate therapies. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new anti‐windup strategy for PID controllers with derivative filters
Authors: Yang Shyi‐Kae 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new strategy for suppressing the windup effect caused by actuator saturation in proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controlled systems. In the proposed approach, the windup effect is modeled as an external disturbance imported to the PID controller and an observer‐based auxiliary controller is designed to minimize the difference between the controller output signal and the system input signal in accordance with an H‐infinite optimization criterion. It is shown that the proposed anti‐windup (AW) scheme renders the performance of the controlled system more robust toward the effects of windup than conventional PID AW schemes and provides a better noise rejection capability. In addition, the proposed PID AW scheme is system independent and is an explicit function of the parameters of the original PID controller. As a result, the controller is easily implemented using either digital or analog circuits and facilitates a rapid, on‐line tuning of the controller parameters as required in order to prevent the windup effect.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Self-expanding metallic stents as bridge to surgery in obstructing colorectal cancer
Authors: Iversen L H , Kratmann M , Bøje M , Laurberg S 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
A self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) may relieve intestinal obstruction to permit elective resection of colorectal cancer presenting as an emergency. There have been concerns regarding the oncological consequences of this strategy. This study evaluated outcomes in patients with potentially curable colorectal cancer treated with a SEMS as a bridge to surgery.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients with obstructing colorectal cancer in whom a SEMS procedure was attempted between January 2004 and August 2007. Palliative SEMS procedures were excluded. Outcomes for SEMS insertion and subsequent surgery were recorded with a focus on survival.

Results
SEMS insertion was attempted and achieved in 34 patients, of whom 30 were discharged after successful relief of obstruction. However, five patients needed acute surgery within 18 days owing to insufficient relief of obstruction (1), or tumour (3) or caecal (1) perforation, with one postoperative death. The remainder underwent elective surgery with no postoperative mortality. In all, 28 of 34 patients were stoma free after operation. The 3-year survival rate of all 34 patients was 74 (95 per cent confidence interval 53 to 86) per cent after a median follow-up of 33·7 months. A curative outcome was achieved in 30 patients.

Conclusion
Although associated with significant short-term problems, a SEMS can be useful in converting an emergency into an elective situation. No adverse oncological consequences were identified.
Bile duct injury and use of cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Giger U , Ouaissi M , Schmitz S-F H , Krähenbühl S , Krähenbühl L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Bile duct injury (BDI) remains the most serious complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). A Swiss database was used to identify risk factors for BDI and to assess the effect of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC).

Methods
Data for patients from 114 Swiss institutions who underwent LC for acute or chronic cholecystitis between 1995 and 2005 were used in univariable and logistic regression analyses.

Results
In total 31 838 patients, mean(s.d.) age 54·4(15·9) years, were analysed. The incidence of BDI was 0·3 per cent (101 patients), which did not change over time (P = 0·560). Univariable analysis revealed that male patients had a higher risk of BDI (0·5 per cent versus 0·2 per cent in female patients; P = 0·001), as did patients whose operation lasted at least 150 min (1·1 per cent versus 0·1 per cent for operating time of less than 150 min; P &lt; 0·001). Logistic regression confirmed male sex (odds ratio (OR) 1·89, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·27 to 2·81) and prolonged surgery (OR 12·60, 10·87 to 23·81) as independent risk factors. Comparison of groups with and without intraoperative cholangiography showed no difference in the incidence of BDI (both 0·3 per cent; P = 0·755) and BDIs missed during surgery (10 versus 8 per cent; P = 0·737).

Conclusion
Male sex and prolonged laparoscopic surgery are independent risk factors for BDI during LC. Frequent use of IOC does not seem to reduce BDI or the number of injuries missed during surgery.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tetramethylammonium Trifluorosulfate
Authors: Hohenstein Christian , Kadzimirsz Daniel , Ludwig Ralf , Kornath Andreas 
Published: November 2010

Abstract[Me4N]+[SO2F3]−, the first example of a [SO2F3]−salt, has been prepared from Me4NF and SO2F2. The colorless, microcrystalline solid was characterized by its infrared and Raman spectra. The trigonal bipyramidal structure ofC2vsymmetry of the [SO2F3]−anion is predicted by ab initio calculations. Two oxygen atoms withd(SO)=143.2 pm and one fluorine atom withd(SF)=157.9 pm occupy the equatorial plane. The two fluorine atoms in the axial position withd(SF)=168.5 pm are repulsed by the two oxygen atoms forming a bent axis with ∡(FaxSFax)=165.2°.
Diverse Structures and Magnetism of Cobalt(II) and Manganese(II) Compounds with Mixed Azido and Carboxylato Bridges Induced by Methylpyridinium Carboxylates
Authors: Jia Qin‐Xiang , Tian Hua , Zhang Jian‐Yong , Gao En‐Qing 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHerein we present a systematic study of the structures and magnetic properties of six coordination compounds with mixed azide and zwitterionic carboxylate ligands, [M(N3)2(2‐mpc)] (2‐mpc=N‐methylpyridinium‐2‐carboxylate; M=Co for 1 and Mn for 2), [M(N3)2(4‐mpc)] (4‐mpc=N‐methylpyridinium‐4‐carboxylate; M=Co for 3 and Mn for 4), [Co3(N3)6(3‐mpc)2(CH3OH)2] (5), and [Mn3(N3)6(3‐mpc)2] (6; 3‐mpc=N‐methylpyridinium‐3‐carboxylate). Compounds 1–3 consist of one‐dimensional uniform chains with (μ‐EO‐N3)2(μ‐COO) triple bridges (EO=end‐on); 5 is also a chain compound but with alternating [(μ‐EO‐N3)2(μ‐COO)] triple and [(EO‐N3)2] double bridges; Compound 4 contains two‐dimensional layers with alternating [(μ‐EO‐N3)2(μ‐COO)] triple, [(μ‐EO‐N3)(μ‐COO)] double, and (EE‐N3) single bridges (EE=end‐to‐end); 6 is a layer compound in which chains similar to those in 5 are cross‐linked by a μ3‐1,1,3‐N3 azido group. Magnetically, the three CoII compounds (1, 3, and 5) all exhibit intrachain ferromagnetic interactions but show distinct bulk properties: 1 displays relaxation dynamics at very low temperature, 3 is an antiferromagnet with field‐induced metamagnetism due to weak antiferromagnetic interchain interactions, and 5 behaves as a noninnocent single‐chain magnet influenced by weak antiferromagnetic interchain interactions. The magnetic differences can be related to the interchain interactions through π–π stacking influenced by different substitution positions in the ligands and/or different magnitudes of intrachain coupling. All of the MnII compounds show overall intrachain/intralayer antiferromagnetic interactions. Compound 2 shows the usual one‐dimensional antiferromagnetism, whereas 4 and 6 exhibit different weak ferromagnetism due to spin canting below 13.8 and 4.6 K, respectively.
Introduction of Curvature in Amphipathic Oligothiophenes for Defined Aggregate Formation
Authors: van Rijn Patrick , Janeliunas Dainius , Brizard Aurélie M. A. , Stuart Marc C. A. , Eelkema Rienk , van Esch Jan H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study the possibility to control the size and shape of self‐assembled structures through the local curvature of their molecular building blocks has been investigated. To this end a series of amphipathic conjugated oligothiophenes with a well‐defined curvature of their backbone has been designed and synthesized. The molecular (local) curvature of these oligothiophenes resulted from a preference for cis instead of trans conformations at specific positions along the oligothiophene backbone, which can be controlled by the sequence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, while their ratio was kept constant. The self‐assembly of ter‐, sexi‐, and dodecathiophenes appeared to be a low‐cooperative process, involving the formation of premicellar aggregates at sub‐millimolar concentrations, which at concentrations in the millimolar regime transformed into micelles and cylindrical micelles. The aggregates display fine structures with dimensions reminiscent of the thiophene molecules. The structure–morphology relationship of the ter‐ and sexithiophenes could be described by conventional packing theory. However, with the dodecathiophene, the backbone curvature governed the formation of cylindrical aggregates with a well‐defined diameter. These results demonstrate that it is possible to control the aggregation morphology of simple amphipathic oligothiophenes by implementation of an additional structural motif namely, the curvature.
Synthesis of [5]Rotaxanes Containing Bi‐ and Tridentate Coordination Sites in the Axis
Authors: Collin Jean‐Paul , Durot Stéphanie , Keller Michel , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre , Trolez Yann , Cetina Mario , Rissanen Kari 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new example of a linear [5]rotaxane has been synthesized by using the traditional “gathering‐and‐threading” approach but based on an unusual axle incorporating a symmetrical bis(bidentate) chelating fragment built on a 4,7‐phenanthroline core. The stoppering reaction is particularly noteworthy since, instead of using a trivial bulky stopper as precursor to the blocking group, two semistoppered copper‐complexed [2]pseudorotaxanes (namely [2]semirotaxanes) are used, which leads to the desired [5]rotaxane in good yield. The efficiency of the method relies on the use of “click” chemistry, with its very mild conditions, and on the protection by a transition‐metal (copper(I)) of the various coordinating groups present in the fragments to be interconnected (terpy and bidentate chelating groups), thus inhibiting potential detrimental side reactions during the copper‐catalyzed stoppering reaction. Since the external fragments and the central core of the system contain tri‐ and bidentate chelating units, respectively, the axle of the final [5]rotaxane incorporates two types of coordinating units: two external terpy groups (terpy: 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine) and two central bidentate ligands. Such a situation enables the system to tidy two different metals centers, and to localize them in a priori well‐defined positions. This is what was observed when mixing the free ligand with a mixture of Zn2+ and Li+: the zinc(II) ions were unambiguously shown to occupy the external sites, whereas the Li+ cations were found in the central part of the [5]rotaxane. An X‐ray diffraction study carried out on a [3]pseudorotaxane, the axis of which is similar to the central part of the [5]rotaxane axle, demonstrates that Zn2+ is clearly five‐coordinate, the fifth ligand being a counterion, even when the coordination site of the pseudorotaxane is designed for four‐coordinate metals, which is in marked contrast with copper(I) or Li+.
Smooth Photocatalytic Preparation of 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Benzodioxoles
Authors: Ravelli Davide , Albini Angelo , Fagnoni Maurizio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA mild and general method for the synthesis of potentially bioactive 2‐substituted‐1,3‐benzodioxoles is presented. This is based on the photocatalyzed activation of methylene hydrogen atoms in the presence of tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT). The method gave yields ranging from 46–77 % with no interference by benzene ring substituents, such as OR, COOMe, Me, or CHO. The OH group interfered, but protection regenerated the reactivity. 5‐Chloro‐1,3‐benzodioxole was converted into a safrole derivative through a one‐pot process involving two consecutive irradiations, at 366 nm for the photocatalyzed alkylation at position 2 and at 310 nm for the alkylation at position 5.