bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic characterization and production performance of local pigs under village settings in the Southern Highland zone, Tanzania
Authors: Mbaga S.H. , Lymo C.M. , Kifaro G.C. , Lekule F.P. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIndigenous pigs in Tanzania are descendants of earlier European introductions. However, a lack of systematic breeding plans, poor husbandry practices, genetic drift and possibly mutation have led to pigs of varied phenotypes. A study undertaken in Mbeya region showed that the predominant management system practised was free ranging and occasionally tethering. The average mature body weights for boars and sows were 57.4 kg and 54 kg, respectively. Coat colour varied, but the predominant colours were white (28%), black and white (24%), and solid black (19.8%). The majority (78%) of pigs had droopy ears and such pigs were found to be significantly (P<0.01) heavier with a longer trunk and increased body length when compared with those with erect ears. Other features included a long and straight face and a short curled tail. The overall mean birth weight was 0.9 kg while the mean weaning weight was 10.8 kg. The average litter size for local pigs was 6.6 piglets and litter size at weaning was 4.3 piglets. Locally raised pigs served a number of functions including among others, income, provision of meat, cooking fat and manure.
Chato Murciano pig breed: genetic and ethnozoological characterization
Authors: Peinado B. , Vega-Pla J.L. , Martínez M.A. , Galián M. , Barba C. , Delgado J.V. , Poto A. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Chato Murciano is the only surviving breed of pig of those historically farmed in the region of Murcia for their quality meat. At present, it is on the verge of extinction, having a population of only 260 reproductive animals. This paper describes the genetic studies made in the conservation and recovery programme of this breed of pig. A study of the morphological characterization of these animals was carried out first, measuring thirteen quantitative and six qualitative variables in a sample of 24 adult animals, 8 males and 16 females.Subsequently, investigation was made of the consanguinity of the individuals and of the population as well as the future influence of inbreeding in each generation. Finally, the accuracy and precision of the heterozygote-excess method was evaluated using two data sets from the Chato Murciano pig. One data set is an original population and the other is a F3+F4+F5 generation of a line created from mating a Chato Murciano female with a Large White boar as part of an absorption programme based on backcrosses with Chato Murciano boars.
Caracterización genética de seis proteínas lácteas en tres razas bovinas cubanas
Authors: Uffo O. , Martín-Burriel I. , Martínez S. , Ronda R. , Osta R. , Rodellar C. , Zaragoza P. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenEn el presente estudio se presentan los primeros resultados de la determinación de la estructura genética de tres poblaciones de ganado bovino autóctono cubano: Criollo de Cuba, Cebú Cubano y Siboney de Cuba, para los loci de seis proteínas lácteas (CASA1, CASAB, CASA2, CASK, LAA y LGB). Se analizaron un total de 150 individuos (50 por cada raza), mediante análisis de ADN por PCR-RFLP.Se calcularon las frecuencias alélicas para cadalocusasí como condiciones de equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Fueron identificados los alelos CASA1Cy LAAAcomo evidencia de la presencia de genes deBos indicusen las tres poblaciones cubanas. Se comprobó la existencia de elevada variabilidad en cada población lo que constituye un elemento importante para trazar estrategias de mejoramiento y/o conservación genética.
On-farm characterization and present status of North Bengal Grey (NBG) cattle in Bangladesh
Authors: Al-Amin M. , Nahar A. , Bhuiyan A.K.F.H. , Faruque M.O. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryNorth Bengal Grey (NBG) cattle are an important indigenous cattle genetic resource found mainly in the northern part of Bangladesh. The study was undertaken at Bogra Sadar, Shibgonj and Kahalu Upazila (sub-district) in the Bogra district. The physical and morphological characteristics, and the productive and reproductive performances of NBG cattle were studied. The coat colour of these animals is deep grey to white. The coat colour of the neck region in adult bulls was found to be generally ashy with a range of shades.The body is small, compact and less fleshy. Ear length and ear width were 18.0±0.17 and 11.0±0.21 cm, respectively. The head length average was 38.0±0.56 cm, the head width 16.0±0.17 cm, the foreleg length average 65.0±0.64 cm, the hind leg length 71.0±0.64 cm, the tail length average 71.0±0.67 cm, the horn length average 9.0±0.39 cm, the horn diameter 10.0±0.37 cm, the average teat length 5.0±0.18 cm, the teat diameter 6.0±0.22 cm, the distance betweenthe front teats 7.0±0.13 cm and the distance between the rear teats 7.0±0.13 cm. Body length, height at wither and heart girth in adult cows were 105.0il.20, 94.0+1.12 and 127.0±1.52 cm, respectively.The recorded highest peak milk production per day was 3.5±0.18 kg, lactation length was 219±6.1 days, and the dry period was 180±6.8 days. The average birth weight of calves was 18.4±0.52 kg and mature live weight of cows 241.0±4.0 kg. The age at first heat was 869±29.6 days, age at first calving 1191±19.7 days, gestation length 281±1.3 days, calving interval 442±7.4 days, postpartum heat period 110±4.2 days and the number of services per conception 1.4±0.6. About 54% of total cattle population was NBG cattle in the surveyed area of Bangladesh. The results indicated that the productive and reproductive performance of NBG cattle was better than other non-descript indigenous cattle of Bangladesh. The study further revealed an obvious need for more in-depth and objective information on wider samples of this type of indigenous cattle in order to assess the future need for conservation and improvement programs to be undertaken.
Phenotypic characterization of the Guajolote (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) in Mexico
Authors: Camacho-Escobar M.A. , Ramírez-Cancino L. , Lira-Torres I. , Hernández-Sánchez V. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe study was conducted to investigate the phenotypic diversity of Guajolote present in small backyard poultry operations. From September 2004 to July 2006, in 54 municipalities in the coastal region of Oaxaca, Mexico 768“guajalotes”growers were visited. Eleven different phenotypes of Guajolote, previously described as turkey varieties, have been identified. The phenotypes identified and their frequency are: Bronze (30.1%), Black (29.0%), Royal Palm (13.4%), Auburn (5.3%), Bourbon Red (5.2%), Narragancet (2.6%), Spotted (2.4%), Brown (2.2%), Slate (1.7%), White (1.5%) and Imperfect Albino (0.2%). The remainder (6.4%) were not identified as a phenotype previously described. This is the first report about the phenotypic differentiation of Guajolote in Mexico.
Community-based management of farm animal genetic resources in practice: framework for focal goats in two rural communities in Southern Benin
Authors: Dossa L.H. , Wollny C. , Gauly M. , Gbégo I. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThis paper describes and analyses the process of implementing participatory community-based management (CBM) towards sustainable management of goat genetic resources in two rural communities in Southern Benin from November 2005 to February 2007. The process started with the selection of the communities. This was followed by a participatory situation analysis, identification of problems and of possible solutions, and the provisionof relevant information and training to interested farmers. It was facilitated by a multidisciplinary research team composed of a specialist in livestock production systems, a socio-economist and an agronomist. The interaction between the research team and the farmers aimed to develop and implement community led strategies towards better management and conservation of the local resources of goat. The approach adopted to facilitate the creation of representative, accountable and legal local institutions and the efforts made in ensuring their empowerment are described. It has been shown that once local people recognise the benefits of such community-based activities and are offered the relevant information and technical support, they can organize themselves effectively and take appropriate actions to better manage and conserve their local resources. The interactive nature of thisapproach allows its rapid adjustment to different local conditions and thus its replication elsewhere.
Genetic diversity and zebu genes introgression in cattle population along the coastal region of the Bight of Benin
Authors: Koudandé O.D. , Dossou-Gbété G. , Mujibi F. , Kibogo H. , Mburu D. , Mensah G.A. , Hanotte O. , van Arendonk J.A.M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryGenetic diversity and Zebu genetic introgression have been assessed in five subpopulations of cattle along the coastal region of Togo, Benin and Nigeria using 15 autosomal and one Y- specific microsatellite markers. Mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranges from 0.55 to 0.61 and the mean number of alleles (MNA) from 5.47 to 6.47. Genetic differentiation indexes (Fst), were significant between the five subpopulations (P< 0.01). Some possible population diagnostic alleles are identified with allele 254 at locus ILSTS033 and allele 182 at locus ILSTS005 found only in the population from Togo with frequencies of 5.41% and 12.82% respectively. Allele 226 of locus ILSTS103 is fixed in the Togolese population (100%) and almost fixed (98.75%) in the Benin-Valley population. Y chromosome analysis reveals male Zebu introgression in all five populations with a frequency of indicine Y chromosome ranging from 37.5% in Benin-Valley and Benin Plateau East to 100% for Benin Plateau West. Admixture analysis using the programme STRUCTURE (k = 2) confirms phenotypic observations suggesting different level of taurine background and therefore Zebu introgression amongst the populations. Within populations, variations in levels of Zebu admixture between herds were also detected. Whereas the valley population from Benin shows low level of Zebu introgression, it is the population from Benin Plateau East which is the purest.
CONSERVATION DES RESSOURCES GENETIQUES BOVINES
Authors: Avon Laurent 
Published: August 2011

RESUMEOn peut classer les races qui bénéficient d'une aide au titre de la conservation en trois categories:a. Les races a très petits effectifs (TPE <1 000 femelles): programms de conservation génétique purs avec tr'es peu de selection possible. Inte'rgt scientifique en ce qui concerne dix races: Amoricaine, Auroise, Be'arnaise, Bretome Pie Noire, Ferrandaise, Froment du Leon, Lourdaise, mirandaise, Nantaise, et Villard de Lans.b. Les races A petits effectifs (PE <1 000 <10 000 femlles): gestion I ne'tic ge jue stricte (maintien de la variabilite') et pression de sélection possibles. Inte‘r’et agricole local: Bazadaise, Bleue du Nord, Flamande, Parthenaise, et Vosgieme.c. Les races re'gionales (>10 000 femelles): programmes de relance. Pression de sélection maintenue mais avec quelques amenagements dans les programes techniques. Aides importantes: Abondance, Aubrac,Gasconne à Muqueuses Noires, et Tarentaise.Nous n'évoquerons ici que le travail réalisé pour les races des deux premiéres categories.
RESEARCH ON GENETIC MARKERS IN THE SURQO ZEBU OF SOMALIA
Authors: Abdulcadir I.A. , Di Stasio L. , Rasero R. , Sartore G. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe zebu population of Somalia includes four main types (Boran, Dawara,, Gasara and Surqo), which cannot be considered as breeds in the same sense as cattle in Europe. Boran, Dawara and Gasara are included in the type known as East African Shorthorned zebu, while the Surqo is regarded as an ancient stable mixture of zebu and Sanga (see Figure 1).The task of identifying the genetic relationships existing among these types, within a rather heterogeneous population, could best be approached through the study of marker loci like thoseicontrolling the immmogenetic and biochemical polymorphic systems, rather than through the comparison of morphological traits.Research was continued along these lines to facilitate the genetic characterization of Boran and Dawara types (Di Stasio et al., 1978.and 1980), and the study was extended to include the Surqo type ird-a comparison of the results.
POLISH RED CATTLE: A SCHEME FOR THEIR CONSERVATION
Authors: Zukowski Kazimierz 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYPolish Red is the only indigenous cattle breed in Poland. Breeding was first started at the end of the 19th century. At the end of the 1960s the breed constituted more than 20 percent of the total cattle population in Poland. During the 1970s Polish Red cattle were superseded by Friesian,-and now there are about 200 000 cows left (i.e., 3 percent of the total population).These dual-purpose (dairy-beef) animals are hardy and well adapted to rather poor feeding conditions. An improvement programme, through crossbreeding, would likely diminish their original characteristics. Therefore, together with breed improvement, a gene reserve in the form of a conservation herd of 300 cows and a gene bank of frozen semen and embryos have been implemented. A systematic breeding programme has been implemented also to maintain the old genotype and ensure wider genetic variation within the herd.
LA RACE BOVINE MAROCAINE BLONDE D'OULMÈS-ZAËR
Authors: Asri A. , Aittaleb A. , Duplan J. M. 
Published: August 2011

RÉSUMÉLa race bovine marocaine Blonde d'Oulmès-Zaër, race traditionnelle et originale du Moyen-Atlas, est exploitée pour son lait et sa viande en conditions difficiles. Comptant 8000 vaches environ dans les communes de Boukachmir et d'Oulmès, dans la province de Khemisset, elle est l'objet d'un programme de conservation et d'amélioration génétique cohérent pouvant servir de point de départ à la revitalisation de cette région attachante.
PROTECTION OF GENETIC RESOURCES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
Authors: Grunenfelder H.-P 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe conditions affecting agriculture in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are being fundamentally changed by the transformation of the economy in that region. Rare breeds of domesticated animals and varieties of cultivated plants are in danger of rapidly disappearing. The article describes the situation in several countries; it also presents the plan of action of the Swiss foundation, PRO SPECIE RARA, to preserve the endangered genetic and cultural heritage in situ.
WENLING HUMPED AND GRASSLAND RED CATTLE OF CHINA
Authors: Weiqi F , Zhang Z. W 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe Wenling Humped Cattle (WH) are a local breed of the Zhejiang Province, where they originated; the mild climatic conditions (temperature and rainfall) and the availability of food in the region helped the development of this population. The average body weight of adult males is 430 kg, and that of females 290 kg.The Grassland Red Cattle (GR) are a double purpose (milk and meat) population well adapted to the pastureland conditions of northern China, where they graze during all seasons. The average body weight is 760 kg for adult males and 450 kg for females. The average lactation yield is estimated at 1800 kg with a 4% fat content.
ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES CONSERVATION PROGRAMME IN BRAZIL
Authors: da Silva Mariante A. , de Bem A. R. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), through the National Research Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (CENARGEN), created the National Research Programme for Genetic Resources in 1974, but at that time only plant resources were included. A few years ago, the need for conservation of animal genetic resources in Brazil became clear, and the lack of necessary documentation and evaluation was recognized. Finally, in 1981, CENARGEN decided to include animal genetic resources in its Research Programme. In the case ofcattle, actions are being taken to save the “Criollo” before it is too late as it is rapidly disappearing by indiscriminate crossbreeding. There is already considerable information on the “'local” livestock breeds, strains and varieties in Brazil. A number of these breeds, strains or varieties that are in danger of extinction have been identified, and are being documented and specifically evaluated, particularly to determine if they possess any unique or special inherited characteristic that would warrant their conservation. Until such evaluation is completed, steps are being taken to ensure preservation of these populations. More recently, the programme ineluded other species such as: buffaloes, pigs, sheep, goats, horses and donkeys.
LES RACES ANIMALES ANCIENNES: UN ATOUT ECONOMIQUE POUR LE SUD-OUEST DE LA FRANCE
Authors: Audiot Annick , Flamant J. C. 
Published: August 2011

RESUMECette note décrit l'action entreprise dans le Sud-Ouest de la France par la Région Midi-Pyrénées pour la conservation des races d'animaux domestiques en voie d'extinction. Leur association avec leur terroir d'origine et des systèmes d' élevage non intensifiés pour aboutir à des produits typés de qualité, identifiables par les consommateurs, constitue aujourd'hui un nouvel atout économique dans le cadre d'une politique de diversification des débouchés de l'agriculture.
LA RACE BOVINE ASTURIENNE DES VALLEES
Authors: Dunner S. , Canon J. , Gutierrez J. P. , Vallejo M. , Alonso L. , Goyache F. 
Published: August 2011

RÉSUMÉCe travail présente les caractéristiques morphologiques, productives et d'exploitation les plus importantes de la race Asturienne des Vallées. I,es programmes de contrôle des performances et les modèles d'évaluation génétique pour la sélection de la race sont également décrits.
YAK (POEPHAGUS GRUNNIENS L) OF INDIA
Authors: Pal R. N. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe staggering population of 40 thousand from an imposing number of 132 thousand of 1977 in the Himalayan states of India has evoked a concern for adopting measures for conservation and irnprovements. The dwindling population is triggering the highlander's economy from bad to worse. Rearing in the precinct of high hills in very small population units conjoint with the absence of any scientific breeding policy has resulted in visible diversification of physical conformation (colour, shape, size of body and horn characteristics) and deterioration in productive proficiency of the yaks of India.
The state of African cattle genetic resources I. Classification framework and identification of threatened and extinct breeds
Authors: Rege J.E.O. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryA field and literature survey was conducted to determine the status of cattle genetic resources of sub-Saharan Africa and to identify cattle breeds at risk and those which may have become extinct over the last century. This paper - in two parts - summarises preliminary results of the survey. The survey revealed that sub-Saharan Africa is home to a total of 145 cattle breeds/strains comprising two taurine Longhorns, 15 taurine Shorthorns, 75 zebu (Bos indicus), 30 sanga, eight zenga (zebu-sanga), nine breeds derived from interbreeding of indigenous breeds/strains located in close proximity to each other, and six systematically created composite breeds. Out of the 145 breeds identified from the survey, 47 (about 32%) were considered to be at risk of extinction. Risk categories used were: Critical (most severe), Endangered, Vulnerable, and Rare (least severe). Of the breeds identified to be at risk of extinction, six were in the “Rare”category, 10 were “Vulnerable” another 10 were “Endangered”and 15 were in the “Critical”category. A total of 22 breeds (about 13%) previously recognised in the continent have become extinct in the last century. This number excludes some populations which have lost their individual identity due to admixtures involving two or more originally distinct breeds.
Characteristics of Munjal sheep
Authors: Kushwaha B.P. , Riyazuddin  , Singh R.N. , Parthasarathy S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryMunjal is a mutton-type sheep found in some districts of the Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan states. A sample survey was conducted in two districts of Rajasthan and one district of Punjab to record characteristics of Munjal sheep. Information was recorded on morphological characteristics, body measurements and body weight. Munjal sheep are quite big in size, tall, rectangular and massive with a dark brown face. Measurements were recorded of body length, height, heart girth, paunch girth, ear length and tail length. Adult body weights were also recorded. Wool samples were collected and analysed for their quality attributes. Wool from this breed is very coarse and hairy.
The Peel-Neck chicken of Belize and Guatemala, Central America
Authors: Mallia J.G. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryA previously undescribed heavy, soft-feathered population of chickens characterised by a partially featherless portion of the neck known in Belize as the “Peel-Neck” was studied. It was also widely present in Guatemala. This population of chickens was said to have a dual purpose, raised for meat and eggs. The eggs were tinted, and the hens were sitters, also caring for the young until independent. The birds were active and independent foragers. The plumage colour was variable, but body weight and conformation were consistent across all specimens, as was the comb type and dimensions, and location of the featherless area on the neck. These chickens were kept under backyard rearing systems in both countries, although usually they were allowed to scavenge, at which they were said to excel. This population was not considered threatened, although apparently no attempt was made to breed pure specimens.
HISTORY OF HORSE DOMESTICATION
Authors: Bokonyi SàNdor 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe wild ancestor of the present day domestic horse was equus ferus Woddaert which included two distinct sub-species - the tarpan and the taki or the Ptzevalsky horse. The tarpan is the main ancestor of the- Present day domestic type. Its domestication irst started in East Europe in the Neolithic period from where it spread in different directions, moving in successive waves to the Carpathian Basin and Moravia in the west, Caucasus in the southeast and Mesopotamia in the Near East, finally reaching western Europe in the Bronze Age.The early domestic horses were small compared to present day animals, measuring only 137 cm at the withers. They were chiefly used to provide mobile power - either draught or riding. Later, during the Iron Age, the Scythians brought these eastern horses to Austria, Italy and Greece, where they were much in demand for their superior power and size, a result of conscious breeding by the Scythians. In contrast, the horses indigenous to the western half of Europe, represented by the Celtic horse, were smaller and slender. These were later improved by crossing with the eastern Scythian horses. From the Greeks, the eastern horses reached the Romans and contributed to the development of the Roman horse.,
APPORT DE L'ENDOCRINOLOGIE EN SELECTION LAITIERE BOVINE
Authors: Renaville R. , Massart S. , Shojae D. , Sneyers M. , Goffinet A. , Burny A. , Portetelle D. 
Published: August 2011

RÉSUMÉDans les schémas de sélection actuels, l'appréciation du potentiel génétique d'une vache laitière ne peut se réaliser que tardivement avec l'instauration d'une production. Il est également bien établi que la régulation endocrinienne de la lactation est un phénomène complexe dans lequel l'hormone de croissance (GH) et son médiateur hépatique l'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) jouent un rôle central. Dans ce texte, les différentes applications possibles de ces hormones en tant que critère de sélection en production laitière sont discutées.