bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Smoking Onset With R-Rated Movie Restrictions and Adolescent Sensation Seeking
Authors: de Leeuw Rebecca N. H. , Sargent James D. , Stoolmiller Mike , Scholte Ron H. J. , Engels Rutger C. M. E. , Tanski Susanne E. 
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVES:
In this study, we examined how often US youths reported having complete parental restrictions on watching R-rated movies. In addition, we assessed the relationship between parental R-rated movie restrictions and adolescents' sensation seeking and how this interplay is related to smoking onset.

METHODS:
Data from a 4-wave longitudinal study of 6522 adolescents (10–14 years of age) who were recruited through a random-digit-dial telephone survey were used. At baseline, subjects were nationally representative of the US population. Subjects were monitored for 2 years and queried about their smoking status, their sensation-seeking propensity, and how often they were allowed to watch R-rated movies. A cross-lagged model combined with survival analysis was used to assess the relationships between parental R-rated movie restrictions, sensation-seeking propensity, and risk for smoking onset.

RESULTS:
Findings demonstrated that 32% of the US adolescents reported being completely restricted from watching R-rated movies by their parents. Model findings revealed that adolescents' sensation seeking was related to greater risk for smoking onset not only directly but also indirectly through their parents becoming more permissive of R-rated movie viewing. Parental R-rated movie restrictions were found to decrease the risk of smoking onset directly and indirectly by changing children's sensation seeking.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings imply that, beyond direct influences, the relationship between adolescents' sensation seeking and parental R-rated movie restrictions in explaining smoking onset is bidirectional in nature. Finally, these findings highlight the relevance of motivating and supporting parents in limiting access to R-rated movies.
Child Abuse and Neglect and Cognitive Function at 14 Years of Age: Findings From a Birth Cohort
Authors: Mills Ryan , Alati Rosa , O'Callaghan Michael , Najman Jake M. , Williams Gail M. , Bor William , Strathearn Lane 
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the association between child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) and long-term cognitive outcomes within a prospective birth cohort.

METHODS:
A birth cohort of 7223 children was recruited. Independent reports of suspected child maltreatment were confidentially linked to the longitudinal study database. The principal predictor variable was notification to the state child-protection authority for suspected maltreatment (abuse, neglect, or both). The outcome variables were scores on the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) reading test and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM), completed at 14 years of age. Multivariate regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders.

RESULTS:
A total of 3796 subjects completed either the WRAT or RSPM. There was a higher loss to follow-up among children who had been reported to the state as suspected victims of maltreatment. After controlling for a range of possible confounders and modifiers, notification to the state for child maltreatment (abuse, neglect, or both) was associated with a lower score on both the WRAT (mean difference: −4.4 when the SD is 15 [95% confidence interval: −6.3 to −2.5]) and RSPM (mean difference: −4.8 when the SD is 15 [95% confidence interval: −6.7 to −2.9]). Both reported abuse and neglect were independently associated with lower reading ability and perceptual reasoning.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both child abuse and child neglect are independently associated with impaired cognition and academic functioning in adolescence. These findings suggest that both abuse and neglect have independent and important adverse effects on a child's cognitive development.
Directed Therapy of Subtypes of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Carey Lisa A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In developed countries, there has been a remarkable improvement in mortality from breast cancer, but almost all of that benefit has occurred in the estrogen receptor (ER)+ and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2+ subsets. Triple-negative breast cancer, defined as tumors that are negative for ER, progesterone receptor, and HER-2, represent a minority of breast cancers. However, because of the poor prognosis in this particular subtype, triple-negative disease accounts for a disproportionate number of metastatic cases and breast cancer deaths. While chemotherapy is effective in triple-negative disease, research continues to better target therapies and predict prognosis. Recent studies have suggested a link between BRCA mutations and triple-negative disease, but the nature of this link remains opaque. Antiangiogenic agents such as bevacizumab have demonstrated efficacy across subtypes. More recently, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors appear to take advantage of the concept of synthetic lethality, or dual pathway inhibition, in attacking triple-negative and BRCA-associated tumors. These and other studies in triple-negative disease will help us to better identify effective treatment options and improve outcomes in these patients. This article addresses the nature of, and therapeutic strategies for, triple-negative breast cancer.
Formulation of meloxicam gel for topical application: In vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Bachhav Yogeshwar , Patravale Vandana 
Published: December 2010

Formulation of meloxicam gel for topical application: In vitro and in vivo evaluation
Skin delivery of NSAIDs offers several advantages over the oral route associated with potential side effects. In the present investigation, topical gel of meloxicam (MLX) was formulated using N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solubilizer and Carbopol Ultrez 10® as a gelling polymer. MLX gel was evaluated with respect to different physicochemical parameters such as pH, viscosity and spreadability. Irritation potential of MLX gel was studied on rabbits. Permeation of MLX gel was studied using freshly excised rat skin as a membrane. Anti-inflammatory activity of MLX gel was studied in rats and compared with the commercial formulation of piroxicam (Pirox® gel, 0.5% m/m). Accelerated stability studies were carried out for MLX gel for 6 months according to ICH guidelines. MLX gel was devoid of any skin irritation in rabbits. After 12 h, cumulative permeation of MLX through excised rat skin was 3.0 ± 1.2 mg cm-2 with the corresponding flux value of 0.24 ± 0.09 mg cm-2 h-1. MLX gel exhibited significantly higher anti-inflammatory activity in rats compared to Pirox® gel. Physicochemically stable and non-irritant MLX gel was formulated which could deliver significant amounts of active substance across the skin in vitro and in vivo to elicit the anti-inflammatory activity.
Control-volume-based model of the steam-water injector flow
Authors: Kwidziński Roman 
Published: December 2010

Control-volume-based model of the steam-water injector flow
The paper presents equations of a mathematical model to calculate flow parameters in characteristic cross-sections in the steam-water injector. In the model, component parts of the injector (steam nozzle, water nozzle, mixing chamber, condensation wave region, diffuser) are treated as a series of connected control volumes. At first, equations for the steam nozzle and water nozzle are written and solved for known flow parameters at the injector inlet. Next, the flow properties in two-phase flow comprising mixing chamber and condensation wave region are determined from mass, momentum and energy balance equations. Then, water compression in diffuser is taken into account to evaluate the flow parameters at the injector outlet. Irreversible losses due to friction, condensation and shock wave formation are taken into account for the flow in the steam nozzle. In two-phase flow domain, thermal and mechanical nonequilibrium between vapour and liquid is modelled. For diffuser, frictional pressure loss is considered. Comparison of the model predictions with experimental data shows good agreement, with an error not exceeding 15% for discharge (outlet) pressure and 1 K for outlet temperature.
Application of sorption heat pumps for increasing of new power sources efficiency
Authors: Vasiliev L. , Filatova O. , Tsitovich A. 
Published: December 2010

Application of sorption heat pumps for increasing of new power sources efficiencyIn the 21st century the way to increase the efficiency of new sources of energy is directly related with extended exploration of renewable energy. This modern tendency ensures the fuel economy needs to be realized with nature protection. The increasing of new power sources efficiency (cogeneration, trigeneration systems, fuel cells, photovoltaic systems) can be performed by application of solid sorption heat pumps, regrigerators, heat and cold accumulators, heat transformers, natural gas and hydrogen storage systems and efficient heat exchangers.
Experiences from operation of different expansion devices for application in domestic micro CHP
Authors: Mikielewicsz Dariusz , Mikielewicz Jarosław , Wajs Jan 
Published: December 2010

Experiences from operation of different expansion devices for application in domestic micro CHPIn the paper presented are experiences from operation of three different expansion devices for possible implementation in the domestic micro CHP. These were the modified scroll expander and two designs based on the variable working chamber volume pneumatic devices. Experiments showed the superiority of both "pneumatic devices" over the scroll expander, indicating the possible internal efficiencies in the range of 61 82Such efficiencies are very attractive, especially at the higher end of that range. The volume of these devices is much smaller than the scroll expander which makes it again more suitable for a domestic micro CHP. Small rotational velocities enable to conclude that connection to electricity grid will also be simpler in the case of "pneumatic devices". The "pneumatic devices" under scrutiny here could be an alternative to the typical vapour turbine in the ORC cycle, which is in the process of development at the IFFM.
Energy efficiency for the transcritical compression CO2 cycle with the use of the ejector as the first stage of the compression
Authors: Kozioł Joachim , Gazda Wiesław , Wilżyński Łukasz 
Published: December 2010

Energy efficiency for the transcritical compression CO2cycle with the use of the ejector as the first stage of the compressionAn analysis of energy efficiency for transcritical compression unit with CO2 (R744) as the refrigerant has been carried out using empirical operating characteristics for the two-phase ejector. The first stage of the refrigerant compression is carried out in the ejector. The criterion adopted for the estimation of energy efficiency for the cycle is the coefficient of performance COP. The analysis is performed for the heat pump and refrigeration systems. The results of COP for the systems with the ejector has been compared with the COPLvalues for the single stage Linde cycle.
Influence of heat recuperation in ORC power plant on efficiency of waste heat utilization
Authors: Borsukiewicz-Gozdur Aleksandra 
Published: December 2010

Influence of heat recuperation in ORC power plant on efficiency of waste heat utilization
The present work is devoted to the problem of utilization of the waste heat contained in the exhaust gases having the temperature of 350 °C. Conversion of the waste heat into electricity using a power plant working with organic fluid cycles is considered. Three Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plant solutions are analysed and compared: a solution with the basic, single thermodynamic conversion cycle, one with internal heat recuperation and one with external heat recuperation. It results from the analysis that it is the proper choice of the working fluid evaporation temperature that fundamentally affects the maximum of the ORC plant output power. Application of the internal heat recuperation in the plant basic cycle results in the output power increase of approx. 5%. Addition of the external heat recuperation to the plant basic cycle, in the form of a secondary supercritical ORC power cycle can rise the output power by approx. 2%.
Overview of Fading Channel Modeling
Authors: Noga Krystyna , Pałczyńska Beata 
Published: December 2010

Overview of Fading Channel ModelingVisSim and LabVIEW based approaches are proposed and implemented to demonstrate fading in the communication systems. The introduction to fading, models for flat fading like Rayleigh, Weibull, Nakagami-mand the results of simulations are presented.
Modified Distributed Arithmetic Concept for Implementations Targeted at Heterogeneous FPGAs
Authors: Rawski Mariusz 
Published: December 2010

Modified Distributed Arithmetic Concept for Implementations Targeted at Heterogeneous FPGAsDistributed Arithmetic (DA) plays an important role in designing digital signal processing modules for FPGA architectures. It allows replacing multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations with combinational blocks. The quality of implementations based on DA strongly depends on efficiency of methods that map combinational DA block into FPGA resources. Since modern FPGAs have heterogeneous structure, there is a need for quality algorithms to target these structures and the need for flexible architecture exploration aiding in appropriate mapping. The paper presents a modification of DA concept that allows for very efficient implementation in heterogeneous FPGA architectures.
Programmable, Asynchronous, Triangular Neighborhood Function for Self-Organizing Maps Realized on Transistor Level
Authors: Kolasa Marta , Długosz Rafał , Bieliński Krzysztof 
Published: December 2010

Programmable, Asynchronous, Triangular Neighborhood Function for Self-Organizing Maps Realized on Transistor LevelA new hardware implementation of the triangular neighborhood function (TNF) for ultra-low power, Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOM) realized in the CMOS 0.18μm technology is presented. Simulations carried out by means of the software model of the SOM show that even low signal resolution at the output of the TNF block of 3-6 bits (depending on input data set) does not lead to significant disturbance of the learning process of the neural network. On the other hand, the signal resolution has a dominant influence on the overall circuit complexity i.e. the chip area and the energy consumption. The proposed neighborhood mechanism is very fast. For an example neighborhood range of 15 a delay between the first and the last neighboring neuron does not exceed 20 ns. This in practice means that the adaptation process starts in all neighboring neurons almost at the same time. As a result, data rates of 10-20 MHz are achievable, independently on the number of neurons in the map. The proposed SOM dissipates the power in-between 100 mW and 1 W, depending on the number of neurons in the map. For the comparison, the same network realized on PC achieves in simulations data rates in-between 10 Hz and 1 kHz. Data rate is in this case linearly dependend on the number of neurons.
Low Power, High Dynamic Range Analogue Multiplexer for Multi-Channel Parallel Recording of Neuronal Signals Using Multi-Electrode Arrays
Authors: Rydygier Przemysław , Dąbrowski Władysław , Fiutowski Tomasz , Wiącek Piotr 
Published: December 2010

Low Power, High Dynamic Range Analogue Multiplexer for Multi-Channel Parallel Recording of Neuronal Signals Using Multi-Electrode ArraysIn the paper we present the design and test results of an integrated circuit combining a sample&hold circuit and an analogue multiplexer. The circuit has been designed as a building block for a multi-channel Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for recording signals from alive neuronal tissue using high-density micro-electrode arrays (MEAs). The design is optimised with respect to critical requirements for such applications, i.e. short sampling time, low power dissipation, good linearity and high dynamic range. Presented design comprises sample&hold circuits with class AB operational amplifier, novel shift register, which allows minimising cross-coupling of the clock signal and control logic. The circuit has been designed in 0.35μm CMOS process and has been successfully implemented in a prototype multi-channel ASIC.
A 800μW 1GHz Charge Pump Based Phase-Locked Loop in Submicron CMOS Process
Authors: Zaziabl Adam 
Published: December 2010

A 800μW 1GHz Charge Pump Based Phase-Locked Loop in Submicron CMOS ProcessDemand of modern measurement systems in submicron CMOS process introduced new challenges in design of low power high frequency clock generation systems. Technical possibilities for clock generation using classical oscillator based on a quartz filter is limited to tens of megahertz. Thus, 1 GHz clock generation is not possible without a frequency multiplier system. It is difficult to achieve, because in submicron process, where the integration of analog and digital blocks poses serious challenges. The proposed solution is a low power charge pump phase-locked loop (CPPLL) with the center frequency of 1 GHz. It combines various modern circuit techniques, whose main aim is to lower power consumption, which is below 800 μW for the whole PLL, while maintaining good noise properties, where the jitter rms is 8.87 ps. The proposed phase-locked loop is designed in 0.18 μm CMOS process.
Modeling of Synchronous Data Streams Processing in the RPC Muon Trigger System of the CMS Experiment
Authors: Poźniak Krzysztof 
Published: December 2010

Modeling of Synchronous Data Streams Processing in the RPC Muon Trigger System of the CMS ExperimentThis paper presents signal synchronization aspects in a large, distributed, multichannel RPC Muon Trigger system in the CMS experiment. The paper is an introduction to normalized structure analysis methods of such systems. The method introduces a general model of the system, presented in a form of a network of distributed, synchronous, pipeline processes. The model is based on a definition of a synchronous data stream and its formal, fundamental properties. Theoretical considerations are supported by a practical application of synchronous streams and processes management. The following processes were modeled and implemented in hardware: window synchronization, derandomization, data concentration and generation of test pulses. There are presented chosen results of the model application in the CMS experiment.
American Studies in Review
Authors: Brown Peter 
Published: December 2010

Abstract: This essay reviews Don H. Doyle's Faulkner's County: The Historical Roots of Yoknapatawpha and Edouard Glissant's Faulkner Mississippi. Doyle's book is a detailed social history of Lafayette County, the county in Northern Mississippi on which Faulkner's fictional Yoknapatawpha was based, and I argue that he illustrates the ways in which fiction and history can assist each other in the search for truth. Glissant's book is more dense and philosophical, and I offer an interpretation of his claim that Faulkner's fiction works through “deferred revelation,” a literary process that is inseparable from social and cultural Creolization. I argue that Glissant's reading of Faulkner suggests possible ways in which to re-vision literary modernism. Together, the two books underscore the historical and philosophical significance and value of Faulkner's work.
Models of Integrating Physical Therapists into Family Health Teams in Ontario, Canada: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Cott Cheryl A. , Mandoda Shilpa , Landry Michel D. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose: To explore the potential for different models of incorporating physical therapy (PT) services within the emerging network of family health teams (FHTs) in Ontario and to identify challenges and opportunities of each model. Methods: A two-phase mixed-methods qualitative descriptive approach was used. First, FHTs were mapped in relation to existing community-based PT practices. Second, semi-structured key-informant interviews were conducted with representatives from urban and rural FHTs and from a variety of community-based PT practices. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a categorizing/editing approach. Results: Most participants agreed that the ideal model involves embedding physical therapists directly into FHTs; in some situations, however, partnering with an existing external PT provider may be more feasible and sustainable. Access and funding remain the key issues, regardless of the model adopted. Conclusion: Although there are differences across the urban/rural divide, there exist opportunities to enhance and optimize existing delivery models so as to improve client access and address emerging demand for community-based PT services.
Incidence and Prevalence of Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Authors: Islam AHMW , Munwar S , Talukder S , Reza AQM 
Published: December 2010

Background: Aim of our present study was to evaluate the extent of Renal Artery Stenosis(RAS) in patients with Coronary Artery disease (CAD) in context of Bangladesh demographic distribution. Methods: Total 100 patients with renal artery disease were randomized from a pool of 1200 patients who were underwent routine diagnostic coronary angiogram for the evaluation of extent of their CAD. Renal arteries were studied at the same time. Among the patients, Male: 64 and Female: 36. Mean age were for Male: 62yrs, for Female: 58 yrs. Associated CAD risk factors were Dyslipidemia, High Blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Positive FH for CAD and Smoking. Results: Our study results show 100 patients (12% of the sample) had RAS lesion out of total 1200 patient who underwent routine CAG. Sex distribution is male 64 (64%), Female 36 (36%). Among the study group; 79 (79%) were hypertensive; 57 (57%) were Dyslipidemic, 54 (54%) patients were Diabetic, 27 (27%) were smoker (all male) and 18(18%) were having positive FH for CAD. Female patients were more obese and developed CAD in advanced age (male: 53.5 Versus Female:64 yrs). We found that the Prevalence’s of RAS is more in patients with TVD (43%), followed by DVD (10%) and SVD (10%), Minor to mod CAD (14%) and angiographically normal coronaries (23%). Significant (>50% Stenosis) Left renal artery stenosis were found in 27 patient and 23 had significant Right renal artery stenosis. Total 8 patents had significant both renal artery stenosis. Conclusion: Renal artery stenosis is one of the most important peripheral vascular disease, needing to be diagnosed early and subsequent intervention to keep continuity of renal blood flow. In the present study, we found that the significant association of Renal Artery Stenosis in patients with CAD. Incidence of RAS is more in patients with TVD. Therefore, we recommend routine Renal angiogram during coronary angiography. Keywords: Renal artery stenosis; Coronary Artery Disease DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v2i2.6636Cardiovasc. j. 2010; 2(2) : 179-183