bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic control of the resistance of tomato genotypes Yoshimatsu and Hawaii 7996 to Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Costa Djayran Sobral , Souza Elineide Barbosa , Carvalho Rejane Rodrigues Costa e , Costa Ester da Silva , Silva Adriano Márcio Freire e , Costa Kleyton Danilo da Silva , Filho José Luiz Sandes de Carvalho 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Tomatoes are one of the most widely explored crops in breeding programs through hybridization and selection methods, with the aim of obtaining cultivars with better agronomic characteristics and resistance to diseases such as bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes major economic losses. One of the first steps in obtaining new cultivars is to know the genetic control of the characteristics. The aim of this work was therefore to determine the genetic control of the resistance of the tomato genotypes Yoshimatsu and Hawaii 7996 to Ralstonia solanacearum and to determine whether the resistance loci that govern the trait in these materials are the same. The Yoshimatsu and Hawaii 7996 genotypes and the F1, F2, BC11 and BC21 generations were evaluated in one experiment and 60 F2:3 progenies in a second experiment. The severity of bacterial wilt was assessed using a descriptive scale of scores at 20 days after inoculation. Resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum has a distinct genetic control between the genotypes, being controlled by two genes of greater effect in recessive homozygosis in Yoshimatsu and only one gene with partial dominance action in Hawaii 7996.
Machine learning Algorithm Predicting Deep Vein Thrombosis Based on Blood Routine Analysis
Authors: Su Jie , Tang Yuechao , Wang Yanan , Chen Chao , Song Biao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this study, the aim was to develop a diagnostic model for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) using routine blood analysis and to assess its efficacy in the early diagnosis of DVT. Data were gathered from DVT patients who received treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University between January 2022 and June 2023. Ten blood routine indices—NEUT%, NEUT, LYMPH, MCH, MCHC, R-CV, PLT, PCT, Sex, and EO—were selected via SHAP plots. DVT prediction models were established using six different algorithms: K-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN). All six models demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) exceeding 0.8, an accuracy rate surpassing 70%, and sensitivity and specificity rates both above 70%. Notably, the RF model exhibited superior performance in evaluating the risk of lower limb venous thrombosis. This routine blood model, constructed based on commonly used clinical test parameters, shows promise in predicting DVT risk without imposing any additional medical burden on patients, warranting further investigation and validation.
Differences in homologous and heterologous cytoplasmic-nuclear interactions between cotton cytoplasmic male sterility lines (Gossypium barbadense L.)
Authors: You Jingyi , Li Min , Kong Xiangjun , Zhou Qiong , Hou Qingguang , Li Hongwei , Li Bin , Zhou Ruiyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The utilization of crop hybrids plays an important role in crop breeding and production, and the innovation of the male sterile germplasm is the basis for this utilization. However, the utilization of hybrid advantage in cotton is currently dominated by cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines in Harknessi cotton, which has a single cytoplasmic origin and exhibits a significant negative effect of cytoplasmic-nuclear interactions. The negative effect of cytoplasmic-nuclear interactions can only be minimized by selecting and breeding CMS lines in which the cytoplasm and nucleus originate from the same variety. However, no homologous cytoplasmic-nuclear CMS germplasm has been created, and its mechanism of occurrence has not been determined. In this study, two homologous cytoplasmic-nuclear CMS lines and two heterologous cytoplasmic-nuclear CMS lines were utilized, and the heterologous cytoplasmic-nuclear CMS lines were aborted at a relatively early stage. The physiological indexes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in the heterologous cytoplasmic-nuclear CMS lines were lower than those of the homologous cytoplasmic-nuclear CMS lines, including the enzyme activities of POD and CAT from the tetrad to the mature pollen grain period, and the metabolite content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was inversely correlated with the enzyme activities of the heterologous cytoplasmic-nuclear CMS lines. Resequencing analysis of four cotton mitochondrial genomes (mt genomes) revealed that the heterologous cytoplasmic-nuclear CMS lines were more complex than the homologous cytoplasmic-nuclear CMS lines, and the homologous CMS lines showed a higher degree of covariance with the maintainer lines. This indicates that heterologous cytoplasmic-nuclear interactions are more likely to lead to mtDNA structural variation. Taken together, the results showed that the cytoplasmic-nucleus homologous system was less affected by the cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction and was the best combination for the study of male sterility.
Accurate Molecular Recognition from the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital
Authors: Zhou Xuehua , Yang Shingxing , Han Chao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The quantification of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level (LUMO) for molecular semiconductors is of great importance, because it determines the charge transport process and hence the performances of diverse electronic devices. Unfortunately, there is always lack of a convenient technique to determine the intrinsic LUMO. This work provides a reliable electrical spectroscopy by employing an easy-operating hot electron transistor, to make an accurate measurement. By taking advantage of a novel method, named the first derivative-assisted linear fitting method, the determination of the intrinsic LUMO becomes more scientific. Here, four kinds of molecular semiconductors are selected as the research objects and the values can be precisely decided even with a quite small difference in LUMO, which demonstrate the universality and the accuracy of our method. As expected, all the measured values are highly repeatable and it further confirms that we have provided a practical technique for the LUMO detection.
Study on dynamic and static properties of coal under the action of methane
Authors: Su Guorui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The study of the dynamic and static characteristics of coal plays a crucial role in understanding the formation mechanism of coal and gas composite rock bursts during underground coal mining. To investigate the impact of methane on the dynamic and static properties of coal, this research conducted static tests using variable stress upper limit cycle loading and unloading, as well as impact dynamic tests on coal specimens subjected to different pressure levels of methane. The test results reveal that the average static compressive strength of coal specimens decreases by 11.2%, 18.7%, 28.1%, and 35.1% respectively when exposed to pressures of 1 MPa, 2 MPa, 3 MPa and 4 MPa of methane. Under the same conditions, the average dynamic compressive strength of coal specimens deteriorates to a greater extent, decreasing by 20.4%, 36.6%, 45.6%, and 48.1% respectively. These findings indicate that the dynamic properties of coal are more sensitive to methane. Furthermore, the remaining elastic energy index CEF values of the coal specimens after methane treatment decrease by 10.4%, 16.7%, 18.6%, and 16.1% respectively. However, when the pressure exceeds 3 MPa, the CEF values rebound, suggesting a partial restoration of the impact tendency of the coal body. It is worth noting that an increase in CEF leads to a gradual growth in the multiple of dynamic parameters of the coal mass, indicating a direct influence of the impact tendency on the dynamic characteristics of the coal mass. These findings highlight the importance of improving relevant parameters in understanding the state of the coal mass.
Amphipod Distribution: Revisiting Latitudinal Patterns and Environmental Drivers
Authors: Momtazi Farzaneh , Saeedi Hanieh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Amphipods are known as umbrella species in conservation biology. Recent hypotheses suggested a bimodal latitudinal global distribution pattern for amphipods, irrespective of species' depth or habitat type. This study revisited this hypothesis with a comprehensive database collected from all open-access data and sampling database from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. After rigorous data quality controls, the final dataset comprised 1,142,416 distribution records of 6,424 accepted marine amphipod species from 0 to 10,900 m depths divided into pelagic and benthic, shallow-water (> 200 m) and deep-sea (< 200 m) groups. Alpha and gamma species richness and the expected number of species per 50 random samples were calculated. Our findings did not show a bimodal distribution with latitude, excluding shallow-water species. The Beta diversity of benthic species revealed similarities between Gondwana and Laurasia lands. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) emerged in the deep-sea realm, combining various environmental factors as a significant model, and in shallow waters, temperature, and chlorophyll levels emerged as the most influential factors for predicting benthic species richness. These findings emphasize the importance of considering depth and habitat type understanding amphipod biodiversity, and informing conservation efforts and policy decisions to protect these vital marine organisms from anthropogenic impacts.
Dynamic treatment units in forest planning improves economic performance over stand-based planning
Authors: Wilhelmsson Pär , Wallerman Jörgen , Lämås Tomas , Öhman Karin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

High-resolution, wall-to-wall forest information enables precision-driven decision-making in forest management planning. In a case study we compare planning approaches using such information for solving long-term forest planning problems. The two first approaches are based on dynamic treatment unit (DTU) planning with high-resolution cells (12.5x12.5 m2) or segments (0.27 ha on average), respectively, solved with a cellular automata heuristics. The third approach is a traditional stand-based approach using stands (5.2 ha on average) and linear programming to solve the planning problem. Fixed costs associated with cutting operations are quantified as each treatment unit is charged with an entry cost of 10 000 SEK. The entry costs are included in the DTU approach while in the stand approach entry costs are applied accordingly in a post-optimization routine. In large, the analyses are based on open-access tools and data provided by Swedish authorities. The traditional stand approach produced plans with 5.2-2.7% lower net present value compared to DTU planning. Most of the differences were caused by greater suboptimal losses in plans produced with the stand approach, but entry costs were also lower in DTU plans. While forestry was less profitable, treatment units were more spatially compact with stands, especially compared to cell-based plans. Therefore, we reason that a combination of modelling of direct costs and use of spatial proxy variables, such as common border length, may be advisable in DTU planning to achieve compact and realistic treatment units. Finally, the results indicate that high-resolution data and DTU planning may better utilize forests’ potential of economic production, compared to the traditional stand approach.
Verified authors shape X/Twitter discursive communities
Authors: Guarino Stefano , Mounim Ayoub , Caldarelli Guido , Saracco Fabio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Community detection algorithms try to extract a mesoscale structure from the available network data, generally avoiding any explicit assumption regarding the quantity and quality of information conveyed by specific sets of edges. In this paper, we show that the core of ideological/discursive communities on X/Twitter can be effectively identified by uncovering the most informative interactions in an authors-audience bipartite network through a maximum-entropy null model. The analysis is performed considering three X/Twitter datasets related to the main political events of 2022 in Italy, using as benchmarks four state-of-the-art algorithms – three descriptive, one inferential –, and manually annotating nearly 300 verified users based on their political affiliation. In terms of information content, the communities obtained with the entropy-based algorithm are comparable to those obtained with some of the benchmarks. However, such a methodology on the authors-audience bipartite network: uses just a small sample of the available data to identify the central users of each community; returns a neater partition of the user set in just a few, easy to interpret, communities; clusters well-known political figures in a way that better matches the political alliances when compared with the benchmarks.
Our results provide an important insight into online debates, highlighting that online interaction networks are mostly shaped by the activity of a small set of users who enjoy public visibility even outside social media.
Barriers and Facilitators to Using an App-Based Tool for Suicide Safety Planning in a Psychiatric Emergency Department: A Qualitative Descriptive Study Using the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM-B Model
Authors: Shin Hwayeon Danielle , Durocher Keri , Kassam Iman , Kundurthi Sridevi , Torous John , Strudwick Gillian , Zaheer Juveria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Emergency departments (ED) play a crucial role in suicide prevention, with evidenced-based safety planning interventions (SPI) playing an important role. Traditional safety plans, which are often paper based, come with challenges (i.e., not easily accessible, or easy to misplace). Digital safety planning tools offer an alternative mode of intervention delivery, but clinical implementation remains limited. Using behavioural change frameworks, we aim to provide insights into the factors influencing app adoption. These insights will be used as a knowledge base to design behavior change strategies to promote the implementation of a SPI app in a psychiatric ED.
Methods
We used a qualitative descriptive design to conduct semi-structured interviews with clinicians in a psychiatric ED in Toronto, Canada. Participants encompassed all ED staff, irrespective of their SPI app usage. The semi-structured interview guide was developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the capability (C), opportunity (O), motivation (M) and behavior (B) (COM-B) model. We then used directed content analysis, identifying findings within the TDF and COM-B domains as barriers, facilitators, or both.
Findings:
A total of 29 ED clinicians were interviewed, including nurses, psychiatrists, social workers, program assistants, and a pharmacist. The majority had not used the app. We observed strong motivation among clinicians across all disciplines to use the app, and they considered SPI as a high-priority ED care strategy closely linked to their professional identity and responsibility. Anticipated barriers regarding the app as a new mode of SPI delivery in routine practice included: documentation, communication, care efficiency, and patient access to smartphones. Some barriers were attributable to the lack of interoperability between the app and the electronic health record and documentation infrastructure for the app.
Conclusion
We identified key behavioral factors influencing the implementation of the SPI app in the psychiatric ED. We found that tailored strategies are essential to address barriers, while leveraging facilitators can sustain implementation. Additionally, ongoing monitoring and adaptation of strategies are necessary, as new barriers may arise or facilitators may weaken over time, impacting the sustained use of the app in the ED. We will use these findings to inform the next phase of this work, which involves co-designing targeted and tailored implementation strategies.
Educational Take-off and the Role of Wealth
Authors: Battisti Michele , Gravina Antonio Francesco , Lavezzi Andrea Mario , Maggio Giuseppe , Tortorici Giorgio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

What is the role of a society’s wealth in influencing educational choices? Although the theoretical literature provides several possible answers, from an empirical viewpoint answering this question is not straightforward. Indeed, nowadays such an issue cannot be typically inspected before starting the college, due to the compulsory public education laws in force at lower education levels in nearly all countries. We investigate this problem by employing a unique dataset covering Sicilian wealth shares and primary school enrollment in the year 1858 at municipal level. This represents an ideal setting to study our research question as, at that time, schools at the lowest grade levels were available in almost each Sicilian municipality, but their attendance was not compulsory. Our identification strategy relies on the historical heritage of seismic events in shaping mid-19th century land and property distribution, which allowed for the emergence of a class of “wealthy” households. Results of the analysis show that, even in an almost entirely agrarian society, household wealth played a decisive role in educational choices: an increase of 10% in the share of wealthy households implied an increase of approximately 0.6% of the share of students enrolled in primary schools. We discuss the implications of these results for the existing evidence on the nexus between wealth and education, and provide a number of falsification tests that support our main results. In addition, we document the long-lasting impacts of early wealth conditions on a series of institutional and economic outcomes.
JEL Classification: I24, O15, N93.
A Whole blood in vitro study on Stewart’s acid/base theory
Authors: Matri Jonas Lindstad , Tveit Sjur Hansen , Jónsson Pétur , Ingvaldsen Baard , Dejgaard Lars , Dahl Vegard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether two equimolar solutions of strong cations and weak anions with vastly different pH values are added to blood samples in vitro, the pH will be similar in both samples.
Design: prospective in vitro study.
Setting: University hospital research lab.
Subjects: Arterial human blood.
Intervention: We added either equimolar solutions of sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate to the arterial blood samples and analysed them using Radiometer ABL 800 Flex. We then conducted a second experiment, increasing the carbon dioxide partial pressure to a similar level in each sample using the Equilibrator tonometer 300 from RNA Medical.
Measurements and Main Results
0.2 ml of equimolar solutions of sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide 167 mmol/L were added to blood samples sealed with rubber stoppers. This resulted in notably different pH and SID levels between the two groups. In the sodium bicarbonate group, pH was stable at 7.44, and pCO2 increased to 6.3 kPa (mean). In the sodium hydroxide group, pH increased to 7.77, and pCO2 decreased to 2.22 kPa. When the amount of carbon dioxide was raised to an equal level in both groups (pCO2 8.9 kPa), simulating a respiratory acidosis, the pH and SID became similar. pH: NaOH 7.33 vs NaHCO3 7.32 and SID: NaOH 39 vs NaHCO3 39.
Conclusions
Since the SID and pH were similar in both groups after adding carbon dioxide, we can confirm our objective that when two equimolar solutions of strong cations and weak anions with vastly different pH values are added to blood, the pH will be similar in both samples in vitro. However, further experiments, preferably conducted in vivo, are required to confirm Stewart's theory thoroughly.
Transient efficacy of buparvaquone against Theileria haneyi in chronically infected horses
Authors: Onzere Cynthia K. , Hassan Amany , Sears Kelly , Kappmeyer Lowell S. , Villarino Nicolas F. , Fry Lindsay M. , Bastos Reginaldo G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Theileria haneyi (T. haneyi) is one of the three known causative agents of equine piroplasmosis. While imidocarb is generally effective in the clearance of the highly pathogenic Theileria equi (T. equi), it is ineffective in the treatment of T. haneyi. Moreover, co-infection with T. haneyi has been shown to impede the successful treatment of T. equi. Furthermore, tulathromycin and diclazuril have demonstrated inefficacy in eradicating T. haneyi. The absence of an effective therapeutic agent against this parasite represents a significant obstacle in managing equine piroplasmosis.
Methods To address this issue, we evaluated the efficacy of buparvaquone in the treatment of T. haneyi in chronically infected horses.
Results and Conclusions Our findings showed that treatment of horses with the recommended dose of 2.5 mg/kg of buparvaquone led to a rapid abatement of T. haneyi levels, to a level where the parasites were not detectable by nested PCR. Following treatment, the horses remained PCR negative for a minimum of seven weeks until recrudescence occurred. Subsequent re-administration of buparvaquone at an increased dosage of 6 mg/kg upon recrudescence failed to exert a theilericidal effect on T. haneyi. Throughout the treatment regimen, the hematological parameters of the horses and most components of the chemistry panel remained within the normal range, except for blood urea nitrogen levels, which fell below the normal range in certain instances.
Coproduction of a mixed-method framework for the deprioritization of communities during insecticide-treated bed net mass campaigns in Kwara Nigeria
Authors: Ozodiegwu Ifeoma , Mhlanga Laurette , Bamgboye Eniola , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi , Ademu Cyril , Okoronkwo Chukwu , Akinyemi Joshua , Ogunwale Akintayo , Ajayi IkeOluwapo , Galatas Beatriz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Limited funding in the Global Fund Grant Cycle 7 prompted Nigeria’s National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) to adopt a strategy to deprioritize the least vulnerable communities for malaria during bed net mass campaigns. A deprioritization approach piloted in Ilorin, the capital of Kwara state, in collaboration with the NMEP, the state malaria control program, and implementing partners is presented.
Methods
We employed a mixed-method approach to identify communities where bed net distribution would not take place during the 2023 Ilorin mass campaign. Ten combinations of variables, including test positivity rates among under-five children, settlement classification, enhanced vegetation index, and distance to water bodies, were utilized to generate a malaria risk score and rank wards accordingly. Deprioritized wards were then selected, and after settlement classification, deprioritized communities were identified.
Results
The multi-stakeholder dialogue provided valuable insights into the most suitable variables for settlement classification and highlighted the limitations of each variable. As a result, two wards, Are 2 and Akanbi, were chosen for deprioritization, and criteria for selecting deprioritized communities were established. Characteristics distinguishing formal, informal, and slum settlements were identified and used to adapt a checklist for the classification of 188 communities within Are 2 and Akanbi 4. Ultimately, 13 communities characterized as formal settlements were deprioritized.
Conclusions
The process of deprioritizing communities necessitates stakeholder involvement to evaluate analysis outputs, especially in settings with limited data availability and uncertain data quality. We demonstrate how this can be accomplished and emphasize that ongoing evaluations will inform future enhancements to this framework and related processes. Moreover, there is a need for enhanced surveillance systems to support a more comprehensive approach to intervention tailoring that is in line with WHO recommendations.