bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Was Dodd‐Frank justified in granting internal control audit exemption to small firms?
Authors: Mithu Dey R. , Sullivan Mary W. 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the cost of the internal control audit for small firms and assess whether the costs are scalable or, alternatively, whether they are higher in relation to firm size for small firms than for larger firms.Design/methodology/approachThe method estimates the Section 404 audit fee premium for companies that became accelerated filers for the first time in 2006 and 2007. The authors use the estimated audit fee premium as a proxy for the premium that non‐accelerated filers would have to pay if they were required to obtain an internal control audit.FindingsThe main finding shows that the Section 404(b) estimated cost of the internal control audit divided by assets are significantly higher for non‐accelerated filers and first‐time filers than for those of larger firms.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of the study is that, while it shows that the costs of the Section 404 audit are not scalable to firm size, it does not prove that the costs of the audit exceed the benefits for non‐accelerated filers.Practical implicationsThe finding that the costs are proportionately higher for small firms provides some evidence supporting the decision to permanently exempt non‐accelerated filers from Section 404(b).Originality/valueThe results show that smaller firms pay proportionately more for the Section 404 internal control audit than larger firms. This suggests that the revised AS no. 5 did not succeed in making the internal control audit completely scalable to firm size.
Evaluating the persistence of subsistence work in contemporary economies
Authors: Williams Colin C. , Rodgers Peter 
Published: July 2012

PurposeContrary to the view that the subsistence economy is some minor residue persisting in only a few peripheral enclaves of modern economies, the purpose of this paper is to begin to chart the importance and prevalence of subsistence work across the contemporary economic landscape and the reasons underpinning engagement in this form of non‐commodified labour.Design/methodology/approachTo do so, the extent of, and reasons for, subsistence production amongst those living in contemporary Moscow is evaluated using face‐to‐face interviews with 313 households in affluent, mixed and deprived districts.FindingsIt was found that subsistence work is a ubiquitous phenomenon which is relied on heavily by Muscovite households. Until now, those participating in such subsistence work have been portrayed either as rational economic actors, dupes, seekers of self‐identity, or simply doing so out of necessity or choice. Rather than depict one as correct and the others as invalid, this survey inductively generates a theoretically‐integrative approach which differentiates between “willing” (rational economic actors, choice, identity seeking) and “reluctant” (economic and market necessity, dupes) participants in subsistence production.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper examines only one city. Further research is now required into the extent of, and reasons for, subsistence production in the rest of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as beyond.Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers to identify and explain the ubiquitous persistence of subsistence work in contemporary economies.
The accountant's social background and stereotype in popular culture
Authors: Evans Lisa , Fraser Ian 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe paper aims to explore the social origins of Scottish chartered accountants and the accounting stereotype as portrayed in popular fiction.Design/methodology/approachThe detective novels of the Scottish chartered accountant Alexander Clark Smith are used as a lens through which to explore the social origins of accountants and the changing popular representations of the accountant.FindingsThe novels contribute to our understanding of the construction of accounting stereotypes and of the social origins of Scottish accountants. They suggest that, while working class access to the profession was a reality, so was class division within it. In addition, Smith was ahead of contemporary professional discourse in creating a protagonist who combines the positive aspects of the traditional stereotype with qualities of a private‐eye action‐hero, and who uses accounting skills to uncover corruption and address (social) wrongs. However, this unconventional portrayal may have been incongruent with the image the profession wished to portray. The public image (or stereotype) portrayed by its members would have been as important in signalling and maintaining the profession's collective status as the recruitment of its leadership from social elites.Originality/valueSmith's portrayal of accountants in personal and societal settings at a time of profound social change, as well as his background in the Scottish profession, provide a rich source for the study of social origins of Scottish chartered accountancy during the first half of the twentieth century. Further, Smith's novels are of a popular genre, and innovative in the construction of their hero and of accounting itself; as such they merit attention because of their potential to influence the construction of the accounting stereotype(s) within the popular imagination.
The concept of taonga in Māori culture: insights for accounting
Authors: Craig Russell , Taonui Rawiri , Wild Susan 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe indigenous Māori culture of New Zealand offers valuable insights for the development of ideas about the concept of asset. To highlight such insights, and to encourage a rethinking, this paper aims to explore the meaning of the closest Māori term to asset, taonga.Design/methodology/approachThe critical review the authors conduct fuses Western literature‐based scholarship with an indigenous scholarly method that utilises oral information and the written literature of Māori scholars who have recognised traditional and scholarly credentials.FindingsTaonga includes a sacred regard for the whole of nature and a belief that resources are gifts from the gods and ancestors for which current generations of Māori are responsible stewards. Taonga emphasises guardianship over ownership, collective and co‐operative rights over individualism, obligations towards future generations, and the need to manage resources sustainably.Originality/valueThe insights offered by Māori culture are beneficial in addressing a range of vexing environmental and social issues in ways that embrace a broader set of principles than those based on individual property rights and economic values.
Publish or perish
Authors: L'Huillier Barbara 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis poem aims to present a reflection on a common issue faced by academics around the world namely, the urgency to publish.Design/methodology/approachThis is a fictional poem.FindingsThe poet considers how academics are being judged or rewarded by those in university administration. Regardless of how good a teacher they are, unless they have publications they are viewed poorly.Originality/valueAn attempt to summarize the situation many academics are finding themselves in – unless they publish that will be undervalued in the academic workplace.
The oldest profession
Authors: Saliya C.A. 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw attention towards how religious beliefs are linked to today's accounting principles and legitimating exploitation.Design/methodology/approachThe poem is a critical thought.FindingsReligious concepts have been widely used to justify various historical social injustices. Four basic accounting principles; matching, accrual, going concern and reporting cycle perfectly correspond with life cycles, the acts and rewards of such lives, and “balancing” the pains and gains of individuals and society. These concepts, which have now become the foundation of accounting, were in existence millennia ago.Research limitations/implicationsAccounting is broader than has been widely perceived. Accounting researchers should pay more attention to how accounting helped sustain social injustices.Originality/valueThis poem provokes thoughts on the origin of basic accounting principles and their historical roles in sustaining social injustices.
Market reactions to qualified audit reports: research approaches
Authors: Ittonen Kim 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the archival literature on market reactions to qualified audit reports and to seek to identify the different approaches used in those studies. In addition, the paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches, summarizes key findings, and provides suggestions for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews articles examining the relevance of qualified audit reports published between 1972 and 2010.FindingsFirst, the review suggests that there are three main approaches used in the literature: the short‐window approach, the long‐window approach, and the indirect approach. Each approach has both strengths and significant weaknesses that should be acknowledged. Second, as a whole the empirical findings in this area are mixed. A more detailed analysis reveals that only the indirect approach has consistently found support for the relevance of qualified audit reports.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper shows that in future, researchers in this area should strive to identify the correct information release date, because it is the most critical step in conducting event studies. In addition to the event date identification, the effect of simultaneous information releases during the event period must be considered. Last, it is suggested that researchers include other stock market measures besides abnormal returns in their analysis, because measures like change in volatility, volume, bid‐ask spread, and systematic risk could provide information that abnormal returns do not offer.Originality/valueThis paper provides a review of the current state of knowledge on whether audit reports convey new information to the stock markets.
Desirable generic attributes for accounting graduates into the twenty‐first century
Authors: Tempone Irene , Kavanagh Marie , Segal Naomi , Hancock Phil , Howieson Bryan , Kent Jenny 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the requirements of accounting graduates in relation to generic attributes. Employers have consistently maintained that graduates are deficient in this area. This Australia‐wide, all‐sector study addresses the issue by examining what employers mean when they make demands for universities and academics to deliver work‐ready graduates.Design/methodology/approachInterviews (recorded, transcribed and analysed with NVivo) with employers, and accounting professional bodies were conducted to ascertain their views of their needs of accounting graduates into the future.FindingsEmployers held the generic attributes of communication, team work and self‐management to be the most critical for graduates in the three areas of recruitment, training and ongoing employment. Demands on universities to deliver work‐ready graduates are not homogeneous. Employers in different sectors construe the meaning of generic attributes in line with their specific needs.Originality/valueThe study was an original piece of work that gauged the opinions of professional accounting bodies and employers of accounting graduates across Australia and in all sectors of the accounting profession. The value of the study is to inform academics as to the ranked importance of generic attributes but also alert them to the different meanings that are assigned to these skills by employers in different sectors.
Corporate villains: taking the bore out of law
Authors: Cameron Craig 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of a storytelling teaching method in a company law course for accounting students and to evaluate its influence on engagement and effective learning.Design/methodology/approachThe learning activity, known as “corporate villains”, is based on theories of storytelling and engagement. Selected qualitative and quantitative data from university course and teaching evaluation surveys were used to assess the achievement of objectives and identify learning outcomes.FindingsThe corporate villains learning activity engaged students at the beginning of the lecture and influenced student learning by demonstrating the relevance, or “real life” application, of company law to accounting students. Corporate villains also stimulated curiosity in learning more about the law which is characteristic of students pursuing a deep approach to learning.Originality/valueThe study extends the research on storytelling in accounting and legal education and supports empirical evidence as to the positive impact of storytelling on student engagement in learning. In particular, the study reveals the potential for corporate villains to address various academic and student concerns about company law by humanising the law and enabling students to connect the legal concepts to the story and to the curriculum.
The impact of financial development on economic growth
Authors: Masoud Najeb , Hardaker Glenn 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework that integrates the endogenous growth and functions of financial markets and institutions theory in order to investigate how the financial market and the banking sector develop indicators that affect economic growth in these countries.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is an empirical analysis of the relationship between financial development and economic growth for 42 emerging markets, over 12 years, using endogenous growth model.FindingsFirst, the results suggest that stock market development has a significant effect on economic growth, and this effect remains strong even after the influence of banking sector and other control variables using a growth model. Second, the research findings largely support the view that there is a stable, long‐term equilibrium relationship between the evolution of the stock market and the evolution of the economy.Originality/valueThe evidence supports the view that the relation between stock market development and economic growth in emerging economies is bi‐directional. The findings describe that the stock market and the banking sector in emerging economy are complementary rather than substitutes in providing financial services to the economy.
Exchange rate determination and structural changes in response to monetary policies
Authors: Kurihara Yutaka 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to analyse methods for determination of exchange rates in response to fundamental economic variables and changes in monetary policies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper undertakes empirical examination of exchange rate movements and their structural changes in response to changes in macroeconomic variables and monetary policies in the USA, the Euro area, and Japan.FindingsExchange rates have been influenced by macroeconomic fundamentals and have been impacted by the conduct of monetary policies in some cases. Some structural changes in exchange rates have coincided with implementation of drastic monetary policies but not in others. The Japanese quantitative easing policy has had an effect on exchange rates.Originality/valueMonetary policy has been often examined; however, few studies have examined the response of exchange rate movements to monetary policies. Moreover, structural changes in exchange rates are examined in comparison with domestic monetary policies in the USA, the Euro Area, and Japan.
Productivity growth of zakat institutions in Malaysia
Authors: Wahab Norazlina Abd. , Rahim Abdul Rahman Abdul 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes in productivity of zakat institutions in Malaysia from 2003 to 2007. The data consist of a panel of 14 State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) in Malaysia. Efficiency is measured by the Malmquist Index, using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses Malmquist Productivity Index, using a DEA technique. The Malmquist productivity measures are decomposed into two components: efficiency change and technical change index.FindingsThe results showed that total factor productivity (TFP) has increased slightly for the whole industry, which is mainly due to the technical change rather than the efficiency change. Further decomposition of the efficiency change into its pure technical and scale efficiency components suggest that the pure efficiency is found to be a more important source of efficiency change than scale efficiency component.Originality/valueThis paper investigates the productivity and efficiency of zakat institutions in Malaysia. It will be of value to provide evidence to the policy makers to improve the efficiency of the institutions.
Communication practices of US elected and non‐elected officials
Authors: Fisher Liu Brooke , Levenshus Abbey , Suzanne Horsley J. 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to refine and expand an emerging US government communication model, the government communication decision wheel, by testing the differences between the communication practices of US public sector communicators working for non‐elected officials versus those employed by elected officials.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from surveys of 781 US government communicators, the study compares the communication practices and influences of government communicators working for elected officials versus non‐elected officials.FindingsThe study identifies four significant differences and five similarities in how the public sector environment affects non‐elected and elected officials’ communicators’ public relations practices.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the study and underlying model focus on US government communication, this study provides valuable theoretical insights. It supports the model's underlying premise that the public sector is unique from the private sector while also further refining the significant differences within the US government sector.Practical implicationsThis study helps US government communicators identify unique environmental attributes that affect communication activities in the public sector. It helps identify how these attributes affect communication practices within individual and collaborative contexts. Finally, it helps non‐governmental communicators and communicators outside of the US to understand how the attributes may affect communication practices when they collaborate with government communicators from the four levels of US government as well as with those who work for elected and non‐elected officials.Originality/valueDespite the critical importance of communication in the public sector, very little research focuses specifically on government communication outside of political communication. The findings provide valuable insights for practitioners and contribute to public relations theory development for the under‐researched public sector.
Corporate and organisational diplomacy: an alternative paradigm to PR
Authors: Macnamara Jim 
Published: July 2012

PurposeA number of scholars including Benno Signitzer and Jacquie L'Etang have proposed public diplomacy as an alternative model to describe and/or inform the practices of public relations. However, international relations and political science scholars claim major differences between public diplomacy and PR, and few studies have sought to reconcile these claims and counter‐claims. The purpose of this paper is to report a comparative analysis of key concepts and principles of public diplomacy.Design/methodology/approachThis article reports a comparative analysis of key concepts and principles of public diplomacy and the “new diplomacy” as described by Shaun Riordan and public relations (PR) as defined in Excellence theory and other contemporary models of PR to identify commonalties as well as divergences, and discusses how these can inform PR theory and practice.FindingsThis analysis shows similarities between these fields of practice, as well as six unique concepts and principles of public diplomacy and “new diplomacy” that inform corporate diplomacy and organisational diplomacy as an alternative paradigm to “public relations”.Practical implicationsReconceptualising PR as corporate and organisational diplomacy involves much more than a name change. It recasts PR within alternative theoretical frameworks that are significantly different to those of dominant paradigms of PR and informs new and refined approaches to practice.Social implicationsAdopting the concepts and principles of public diplomacy and “new diplomacy” also would provide a more ethical and societally‐orientated approach to PR.Originality/valueMost studies comparing public diplomacy and PR have focussed on commonalities with a view to expanding PR's territorial claim or gaining validation of PR. This analysis takes the opposite approach, identifying concepts and principles of public diplomacy and “new diplomacy” that contribute to an alternative paradigm of PR that is more effective, more societally‐orientated, more ethical, and ultimately more publicly accepted.
Meeting the needs of detached young runaways through psychologically informed environments
Authors: Smeaton Emilie 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to offer a commentary on Psychologically Informed Services: A Good Practice Guide, a recently published operational guidance document on developing psychologically informed environments (PiEs) in services for homeless people.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is an invited opinion piece and comment based on the author's specialist knowledge gained from undertaking research addressing the experiences and needs of young runaways.FindingsThe new operational guidance is welcomed but should be extended so that psychologically informed environments are provided in services for young runaways under the age of 16, who often encounter abuse, mental health issues and problematic substance misuse and experience homelessness post 16 and into adulthood.Originality/valueCommissioners and practitioners should encourage the development of psychologically informed environments for young runaways to meet their needs, aid recovery and reduce the likelihood of experiencing homelessness as they move into adulthood.