bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residue‐Free Droplet Transport Against Gravity via Wettability‐Patterned Liquid‐Like Surfaces
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxiao , Soltani Mohammad , Golovin Kevin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLifting individual water droplets against gravity without external energy input is reported. Classical capillary rise requires the complete wetting of a transport pathway, resulting in water loss and poor collection efficiency. Boosting Laplace pressure propulsion while diminishing contact line pinning enables lossless water droplet ascension. Surfaces with properly designed physicochemical gradients can propel single water droplets as high as 65 mm against gravity, enabled by 1) surface wettability patterns, 2) liquid‐like polymer brushes, and 3) controlling droplet size within a shorebird beak‐inspired wedge geometry. Surface wettability patterns induce droplet elongation toward the gap‐to‐apex direction of the wedge geometry, which boosts Laplace pressure propulsion by increasing droplet length and diminishes contact line pinning by decreasing droplet width. Polymer brushes for wettability patterning exhibit minimal contact angle hysteresis, minimizing contact line pinning and enabling residue‐free droplet ascension. Controlling the droplet size prevents the dominance of either contact line pinning or gravity over Laplace pressure propulsion, enabling droplet transport against gravity. Utilizing these design rules, low surface tension n‐decane is also transported against gravity, and a particle‐laden solution is separated using sedimentation and against‐gravity transportation. Such surfaces may facilitate lossless, against‐gravity, and power‐free water pumps in numerous emerging sustainability and energy applications.
Switching Hydrophobic Interface with Ionic Valves for Reversible Zinc Batteries
Authors: Tang Di , Zhang Xinyue , Han Daliang , Cui Changjun , Han Zishan , Wang Lu , Li Zhiguo , Zhang Bo , Liu Yingxin , Weng Zhe , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping hydrophobic interface has proven effective in addressing dendrite growth and side reactions during zinc (Zn) plating in aqueous Zn batteries. However, this solution inadvertently impedes the solvation of Zn2+ with H2O and subsequent ionic transport during Zn stripping, leading to insufficient reversibility. Herein, an adaptive hydrophobic interface that can be switched “on” and “off” by ionic valves to accommodate the varying demands for interfacial H2O during both the Zn plating and stripping processes, is proposed. This concept is validated using octyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (C8TAB) as the ionic valve, which can initiatively establish and remove a hydrophobic interface in response to distinct electric‐field directions during Zn plating and stripping, respectively. Consequently, the Zn anode exhibits an extended cycling life of over 2500 h with a high Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.8%. The full cells also show impressive capacity retention of over 85% after 1 000 cycles at 5 A g−1. These findings provide a new insight into interface design for aqueous metal batteries.
Gold‐Catalyzed Orthogonal and Chemocontrolled Synthesis of [4‐7‐6] Tricycles from 1,5‐Diynes
Authors: Hoshikawa Shoki , Alonso José M. , Matsumoto Takashi , Yanai Hikaru , Almendros Pedro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe report a one‐pot cascade sequence catalyzed by gold starting from 1,5‐diynes and a zwitterion (source of Tf2C=CH2), which allows the chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselective preparation of cyclobutene‐fused [4‐7‐6] tricycles and displays orthogonal reactivity of the 1,5‐diyne system, zwitterion and metal catalyst. Moreover, the obtained tricyclic bis(triflyl)cyclobutenes [triflyl=(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] can be easily converted into more complex structures such as bridged ketal and fused 1,3‐oxazine tetracyclic systems, demonstrating the potential of our protocol.
Mechanical Neural Networks with Explicit and Robust Neurons
Authors: Mei Tie , Zhou Yuan , Chen Chang Qing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMechanical computing provides an information processing method to realize sensing‐analyzing‐actuation integrated mechanical intelligence and, when combined with neural networks, can be more efficient for data‐rich cognitive tasks. The requirement of solving implicit and usually nonlinear equilibrium equations of motion in training mechanical neural networks makes computation challenging and costly. Here, an explicit mechanical neuron is developed of which the response can be directly determined without the need of solving equilibrium equations. A training method is proposed to ensure the robustness of the neuron, i.e., insensitivity to defects and perturbations. The explicitness and robustness of the neurons facilitate the assembly of various network structures. Two exemplified networks, a robust mechanical convolutional neural network and a mechanical recurrent neural network with long short‐term memory capabilities for associative learning, are experimentally demonstrated. The introduction of the explicit and robust mechanical neuron streamlines the design of mechanical neural networks fulfilling robotic matter with a level of intelligence.
Hierarchical Protofilament Intertwining Rules the Formation of Mixed‐Curvature Amyloid Polymorphs
Authors: Zhou Jiangtao , Assenza Salvatore , Tatli Meltem , Tian Jiawen , Ilie Ioana M. , Starostin Eugene L. , Caflisch Amedeo , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Dietler Giovanni , Ruggeri Francesco S. , Stahlberg Henning , Sekatskii Sergey K. , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmyloid polymorphism is a hallmark of almost all amyloid species, yet the mechanisms underlying the formation of amyloid polymorphs and their complex architectures remain elusive. Commonly, two main mesoscopic topologies are found in amyloid polymorphs characterized by non‐zero Gaussian and mean curvatures: twisted ribbons and helical fibrils, respectively. Here, a rich heterogeneity of configurations is demonstrated on insulin amyloid fibrils, where protofilament packing can occur, besides the common polymorphs, also in a combined mode forming mixed‐curvature polymorphs. Through AFM statistical analysis, an extended array of heterogeneous architectures that are rationalized by mesoscopic theoretical arguments are identified. Notably, an unusual fibrillization pathway is also unraveled toward mixed‐curvature polymorphs via the widespread recruitment and intertwining of protofilaments and protofibrils. The results present an original view of amyloid polymorphism and advance the fundamental understanding of the fibrillization mechanism from single protofilaments into mature amyloid fibrils.
Replicating CD Nanogrooves onto PDMS to Guide Nanowire Growth for Monolithic Flexible Photodetectors with High Bending‐Stable UV–vis–NIR Photoresponse
Authors: Liu Hanyu , Zhou Wei , Chen Xiangtao , Huang Pingyang , Wang Xingyu , Zhou Guofu , Xu Jinyou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGuided nanowires grown on polymer surfaces facilitate their seamless integration as flexible devices without post‐growth processing steps. However, this is challenging due to the inability of polymer films to provide the required lattice‐matching effect. In this work, this challenge is addressed by replicating highly aligned nanogrooves from a compact disc (CD) onto a casted flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface. Leveraging the replicated nanogrooves, copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) and various metal phthalocyanines are guided into large‐area, self‐aligned nanowires. Subsequently, by employing specifically designed shadow masks during electrode deposition, these nanowires are seamlessly integrated as either a monolithic flexible photodetector with a large sensing area or on‐chip flexible photodetector arrays. The resulting flexible photodetectors exhibit millisecond and long‐term stable response to UV–vis–NIR light. Notably, they demonstrate exceptional bending stability, retaining stable and sensitive photoresponse even at a curvature radius as low as 0.5 cm and after enduring 1000 bending cycles. Furthermore, the photodetector array showcases consistent sensitivity and response speed across the entire array. This work not only proves the viability of guided nanowire growth on flexible polymer surfaces by replicating CD nanogrooves but also underscores the potential for large‐scale monolithic integration of guided nanowires as flexible devices.
Relationships of the wild peanut species, section Arachis: A resource for botanical classification, crop improvement, and germplasm management
Authors: Leal‐Bertioli Soraya C. M. , de Blas Francisco J. , Carolina Chavarro M. , Simpson Charles E. , Valls José F.M. , Tallury Shyam P. , Moretzsohn Márcio C. , Custodio Adriana R. , Thomas Stalker H. , Seijo Guillermo , Bertioli David J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPremiseWild species are strategic sources of valuable traits to be introduced into crops through hybridization. For peanut, the 33 currently described wild species in the section Arachis are particularly important because of their sexual compatibility with the domesticated species, Arachis hypogaea. Although numerous wild accessions are carefully preserved in seed banks, their morphological similarities pose challenges to routine classification.MethodsUsing a high‐density array, we genotyped 272 accessions encompassing all diploid species in section Arachis. Detailed relationships between accessions and species were revealed through phylogenetic analyses and interpreted using the expertise of germplasm collectors and curators.ResultsTwo main groups were identified: one with A genome species and the other with B, D, F, G, and K genomes. Species groupings generally showed clear boundaries. Structure within groups was informative, for instance, revealing the history of the proto‐domesticate A. stenosperma. However, some groupings suggested multiple sibling species. Others were polyphyletic, indicating the need for taxonomic revision. Annual species were better defined than perennial ones, revealing limitations in applying classical and phylogenetic species concepts to the genus. We suggest new species assignments for several accessions.ConclusionsCurated by germplasm collectors and curators, this analysis of species relationships lays the foundation for future species descriptions, classification of unknown accessions, and germplasm use for peanut improvement. It supports the conservation and curation of current germplasm, both critical tasks considering the threats to the genus posed by habitat loss and the current restrictions on new collections and germplasm transfer.
Paired Electrolysis Enables Reductive Heck Coupling of Unactivated (Hetero)Aryl Halides and Alkenes
Authors: Lai Yihuan , Milner Phillip J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe formation of carbon‐carbon (C−C) bonds is a cornerstone of organic synthesis. Among various methods to construct Csp2−Csp3 bonds, the reductive Heck reaction between (hetero)aryl halides and alkenes stands out due to its potential efficiency and broad substrate availability. However, traditional reductive Heck reactions are limited by the use of precious metal catalysts and/or limited aryl halide and alkene compatibility. Here, we present an electrochemically mediated, metal‐ and catalyst‐free reductive Heck reaction that tolerates both unactivated (hetero)aryl halides and diverse alkenes such as vinyl boronates and silanes. Detailed electrochemical and deuterium‐labeling studies support that this transformation likely proceeds through a paired electrolysis pathway, in which acid generated by the oxidation of N,N‐diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) at the anode intercepts an alkyl carbanion formed after radical‐polar crossover at the cathode. As such, this approach offers a sustainable method for the construction of Csp2−Csp3 bonds from (hetero)aryl halides and alkenes, paving the way for the development of other electrochemically mediated olefin difunctionalization reactions.
Strained Au skin on Mesoporous Intermetallic AuCu3 Nanocoral for Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitrate to Ammonia across a Wide Concentration Range
Authors: Xiao Yuhang , Tan Xiaohong , Du Binjie , Guo Yingying , He Weidong , Cui Hao , Wang Chengxin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR) uses nitrate from wastewater, offering a hopeful solution for environmental issues and ammonia production. Yet, varying nitrate levels in real wastewater greatly affect NitRR, slowing down its multi‐step process. Herein, a multi‐strategy approach was explored through the design of ordered mesoporous intermetallic AuCu3 nanocorals with ultrathin Au skin (meso‐i‐AuCu3@ultra‐Au) as an efficient and concentration‐versatile catalyst for NitRR. The highly penetrated structure, coupled with the compressive stress exerted on the skin layer, not only facilitates rapid electron/mass transfer, but also effectively modulates the surface electronic structure, addressing the concentration‐dependent challenges encountered in practical NitRR process. As expected, the novel catalyst demonstrates outstanding NitRR activities and Faradaic efficiencies exceeding 95 % across a real and widespread concentration range (10–2000 mM). Notably, its performance at each concentration matched or exceeded that of the best‐known catalyst designed for that concentration. Multiple operando spectroscopies unveiled the catalyst concurrently optimized the adsorption behavior of different intermediates (adsorbed *NOx and *H) while expediting the hydrogenation steps, leading to an efficient overall reduction process. Moreover, the catalyst also displays promising potential for use in ammonia production at industrial‐relevant current densities and in conceptual zinc‐nitrate batteries, serving trifunctional nitrate conversion, ammonia synthesis and power supply.
Advances in nano‐preparations for improving tetrandrine solubility and bioavailability
Authors: Ling Jie , Wu Jingping , Cao Yuening , Zhang Tingting , Cao Xiujun , Ge Xian , Liu Yilan , Wang Maolin , Ren Bo , Lu Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTetrandrine (TET) is a natural bis‐benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stephania species with a wide range of biological and pharmacologic activities; it mainly serves as an anti‐inflammatory agent or antitumor adjuvant in clinical applications. However, limitations such as prominent hydrophobicity, severe off‐target toxicity, and low absorption result in suboptimal therapeutic outcomes preventing its widespread adoption. Nanoparticles have proven to be efficient devices for targeted drug delivery since drug‐carrying nanoparticles can be passively transported to the tumor site by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, thus securing a niche in cancer therapies. Great progress has been made in nanocarrier construction for TET delivery due to their outstanding advantages such as increased water‐solubility, improved biodistribution and blood circulation, reduced off‐target irritation, and combinational therapy. Herein, we systematically reviewed the latest advancements in TET‐loaded nanoparticles and their respective features with the expectation of providing perspective and guidelines for future research and potential applications of TET.
Comparing risk profiles of international stock markets as functional data: COVID‐19 versus the global financial crisis
Authors: Shackleton Ryan Liam , Das Sonali , Gupta Rangan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, we aim to provide a detailed econometric analysis of the realized volatility in international stock markets of Brazil, China, Europe, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States, which represent a mix of large developing, and developed markets. For our purpose, we use the functional data analysis (FDA) framework, whence discrete volatility data were first transformed into continuous functions, and thereafter, derivatives of the continuous functions were investigated, and kinetic and potential energy associated is the volatility system were extracted. Results revealed that COVID‐19 indeed had a significant effect on international financial market volatility for all the countries, with the exception of China. The realized volatility of the international financial markets did return to their pre‐COVID levels in May 2020, and this recovery time was significantly faster than the 2008 financial crisis recovery period. Within the FDA framework, we further investigated the role of uncertainty on the realized volatility, specifically from an outbreak of an infectious disease (such as COVID‐19) and a daily newspaper‐based infectious disease index as the predictor. The regression analysis showed that the volatility of financial markets can be accurately modeled by this infectious disease index, but only for periods experiencing an epidemic or pandemic.
A Mendelian randomization study of the entire phenome to explore the causal links between epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Li‐Ming , Zhi Lin , Qi Ji , He Jue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe causes and triggering factors of epilepsy are still unknown. The results of genome‐wide association studies can be utilized for a phenome‐wide association study using Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify potential risk factors for epilepsy.MethodsThis study utilizes two‐sample MR analysis to investigate whether 316 phenotypes, including lifestyle, environmental factors, blood biomarker, and more, are causally associated with the occurrence of epilepsy. The primary analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) model, while complementary MR analysis methods (MR Egger, Wald ratio) were also employed. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy.ResultsThere was no evidence of a statistically significant causal association between the examined phenotypes and epilepsy following Bonferroni correction (p < 1.58 × 10−4) or false discovery rate correction. The results of the MR analysis indicate that the frequency of tiredness or lethargy in the last 2 weeks (p = 0.042), blood uridine (p = 0.003), blood propionylcarnitine (p = 0.041), and free cholesterol (p = 0.044) are suggestive causal risks for epilepsy. Lifestyle choices, such as sleep duration and alcohol consumption, as well as biomarkers including steroid hormone levels, hippocampal volume, and amygdala volume were not identified as causal factors for developing epilepsy (p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur study provides additional insights into the underlying causes of epilepsy, which will serve as evidence for the prevention and control of epilepsy. The associations observed in epidemiological studies may be partially attributed to shared biological factors or lifestyle confounders.
Nutritional impairment, psychological health and quality of life among older adults with advanced cancer: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Singhal Surbhi , Wang Ying , Qin Zhaoyang , Peterson Derick R. , Dunne Richard F. , Culakova Eva , Hopkins Judith O. , Melnyk Natalia , Onitilo Adedayo , Targia Valerie , Mohile Supriya , Loh Kah Poh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundNutritional impairment is associated with treatment toxicity and worse overall survival in patients with cancer. We aimed to (1) evaluate the association of nutritional impairment with psychological health and quality of life (QOL) and (2) examine which measures of nutrition had the strongest association with psychological health and QOL among older adults receiving cancer treatment with palliative intent.MethodsThis secondary analysis was performed on baseline data from a nationwide cluster randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02107443; PI: Mohile). Adults age ≥70 with advanced cancer and ≥1 geriatric assessment (GA) impairment were enrolled from 2014 to 2017. In line with geriatric oncology standards, we defined nutritional impairment as Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA‐SF) ≤11, body mass index (BMI) <21 kg/m2, or >10% involuntary weight loss in the past 6 months. We conducted multivariable linear regressions to evaluate the association of nutritional impairment with each measure of psychological health and QOL: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15, range 0–15), Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7, range 0–21), NCCN Distress Thermometer (NCCN DT, range 0–10), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General (FACT‐G, range 0–108). Analyses were adjusted for patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and GA.ResultsAmong 541 patients, the mean age was 77 (range 70–96) and 60% had nutritional impairment. Mean baseline scores: GDS‐15 3.1 (SD 2.7), GAD‐7 2.9 (SD 4.0), NCCN DT 2.9 (SD 2.7), and FACT‐G 80 (SD 15). In the adjusted model, compared to those with no nutritional impairment, older adults with nutritional impairment had greater depression (β = 0.79, 95% CI 0.36–1.23) and anxiety severity (β = 0.86, 95% CI 0.19–1.53), and worse QOL (β = −6.31, 95% CI −8.62 to −4.00). Of the measures of nutrition, MNA‐SF ≤11 demonstrated the strongest associations with depression, anxiety, distress, and QOL.ConclusionNutritional impairment is associated with impaired psychological health and worse QOL. Clinicians should use the MNA‐SF to screen older adults for nutritional impairment and offer tailored supportive interventions.
Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Visual Biosensing and Bioimaging
Authors: Yan Yajuan , Ding Lurong , Ding Jialian , Zhou Ping , Su Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) is one of the most powerful techniques that meet the needs of analysis and detection in a variety of scenarios, because of its highly analytical sensitivity and excellent spatiotemporal controllability. ECL combined with microscopy (ECLM) offers a promising approach for quantifying and mapping a wide range of analytes. To date, ECLM has been widely used to image biological entities and processes, such as cells, subcellular structures, proteins and membrane transport properties. In this review, we first introduced the mechanisms of several classic ECL systems, then highlighted the progress of visual biosensing and bioimaging by ECLM in the last decade. Finally, the characteristics of ECLM were summarized, as well as some of the current challenges. The future research interests and potential directions for the application of ECLM were also outlooked.
Chemical Resolution of an Epitope Recognized by Blood Group Antibodies Capable of Binding Both A and B Red Blood Cells
Authors: Obukhova Polina , Tyrtysh Tatiana , Tsygankova Svetlana , Paramonov Alexander , Gordeeva Elena , Shilova Nadezhda , Lipatnikov Alexander , Sokolova Maria , Henry Stephen , Salimov Emin , Bovin Nicolai , Ryzhov Ivan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe high specificity of human antibodies to blood group A and B antigens is impressive, especially when considering the structural difference between these antigens (tetrasaccharides) is a NHAc versus a hydroxyl group on the terminal monosaccharide residue. It is well established that in addition to anti‐A and anti‐B there is a third antibody, anti‐A,B capable of recognizing both A and B antigens. To analyze this AB specificity, we synthesized a tetrasaccharide, where the NHAc of the A antigen was replaced with an NH2. This NH2 group was then used to attach the glycan to an affinity resin, creating an AB epitope (ABep) adsorbent where the critical site for recognition by A and B antibodies was not accessible, while the rest of the (conformationally compact) tetrasaccharide remained accessible. Anti‐ABep antibodies were then isolated from blood group O donors and found to have expected A,B specificity against immobilized and red cell bound synthetic antigens, including ABep, and were able to agglutinate both A and B red cells. The amount of these anti‐ABep (anti‐A,B) antibodies found in the blood of group O donors was comparable to levels of anti‐A and anti‐B found in group B and A individuals. Using STD‐NMR the location for the AB epitope on the tetrasaccharide was found.