bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cortical bone thickness at different healing times on microscrew stability
Authors: Wei Xing , Zhao Lixing , Xu Zhenrui , Tang Tian , Zhao Zhihe 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Objective:
To compare the effects of different cortical bone thicknesses on the stability of microscrews at different healing times.

Materials:
Sixty-four microscrews were inserted into the femurs of eight beagles, with four microscrews for one femur of one beagle dog. The dogs were sacrificed at 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks after microscrew placement, respectively. All specimens were prepared for pullout testing. Cortical bone thickness was measured. Statistical analyses were conducted with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student-Neuman-Keuls (SNK) tests.

Results:
Pullout forces in thick cortical bone sites are significantly higher than those in thin sites at 0 week and 3 weeks. For both thick and thin cortical bone thickness sites, the highest pullout forces were seen in the 0 week group and the lowest in the 3 week group. In the thin cortical bone thickness sites, the pullout force of the 3 week group was statistically different from those of the 6 week group and the 9 week group; however, no such differences were noted in thick cortical bone thickness sites.

Conclusion:
Microscrews inserted into thick cortical bone thickness sites had better stability than those inserted into thin cortical bone thickness sites at early healing time. The difference diminished and became insignificant as healing time got longer. Longer healing time may be necessary if microscrews are inserted into thin cortical bone thickness sites.
Covariant version of the Stinespring type theorem for Hilbert C*-modules
Authors: Joiţa Maria 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we prove a covariant version of the Stinespring theorem for Hilbert C*-modules. Also, we show that there is a bijective correspondence between operator valued completely positive maps, (u′, u)-covariant with respect to the dynamical system (G, η, X) on Hilbert C*-modules and (u′, u)-covariant operator valued completely positive maps on the crossed product G ×η
X of X by η.
An algorithm for primary decomposition in polynomial rings over the integers
Authors: Pfister Gerhard , Sadiq Afshan , Steidel Stefan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We present an algorithm to compute a primary decomposition of an ideal in a polynomial ring over the integers. For this purpose we use algorithms for primary decomposition in polynomial rings over the rationals, resp. over finite fields, and the idea of Shimoyama-Yokoyama, resp. Eisenbud-Hunecke-Vasconcelos, to extract primary ideals from pseudo-primary ideals. A parallelized version of the algorithm is implemented in Singular. Examples and timings are given at the end of the article.
Asbestos in Poland: Occupational health problems
Authors: Szeszenia-Dąbrowska Neonila , Świątkowska Beata , Szubert Zuzanna , Wilczyńska Urszula 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe presentation addresses current problems of health risk and health effects associated with exposure to asbestos, including data on historical exposure and on currently valid occupational exposure limits. The quantity and types of the raw material used for the production of various asbestos products have also been discussed in relation to the particular types of asbestos-induced occupational diseases. The authors describe the medical care system for former asbestos workers and those currently exposed during removal of asbestos-containing products. The national system for medical certification of occupational asbestos-related diseases and the compensation procedure have been outlined as well. According to the parliamentary Act of 1997, importing, manufacture and sale of asbestos and asbestos-containing materials are prohibited in Poland. Thus, the assessment of asbestos exposure and the monitoring of health conditions of workers at asbestos-processing plants have become irrelevant. However, the delayed health effects attributable to past exposure continue to be the matter of concern for public health. Likewise, the environmental pollution from asbestos waste landfills in the vicinity of asbestos-processing plants (where high levels of asbestos fibre in ambient air have been recorded) will continue to be a serious public health problem. Presently, two programmes aimed at minimising the adverse effects of asbestos on population health are underway. One of them is the governmental programme for “Elimination of asbestos and asbestos-containing products used in Poland, 2002–2032”. The programme was updated in 2009 to cover the workers contracted to perform demolition works and provide protective covers to asbestos waste landfills. This will be the exposed group who need prophylactic health care. The other is a programme of prophylactic examinations for former asbestos workers and is referred to as the AMIANTUS programme. Both programmes have been briefly described.
Numerical simulation of the 3D unsteady turbulent flow in a combustion chamber
Authors: Stuparu Adrian , Holotescu Sorin 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The influence of turbulence models on the 3D unsteady flow in a combustion chamber with a central bluff body is analyzed. Three different turbulence models are used (realizable k-ε, Reynolds Stress Model and Large Eddy Simulation) and a comparison is made on the evolution of the velocity field over time. The numerical simulation of the gas flow in the combustion chamber was performed using FLUENT 6.3 software and the computational geometry, consisting of a structured mesh with 810,000 cells, was built using the pre-processor GAMBIT 2.4. The extent of the recirculation region behind the bluff body was determined for each turbulence model.
Perceptions du traitement de l'islam et du monde musulman dans les manuels d'histoire par des enseignants du secondaire au Québec
Authors: Triki-Yamani Amina , McAndrew Marie , El Shourbagi Sahar 
Published: May 2011

Perceptions of the Treatment of Islam and the Muslim World in History Textbooks by Secondary School Teachers in QuebecThis article focuses on the ways in which Francophone Quebecois secondary 1 and 2 junior high school teachers adapt and transmit the treatment of Islam and the Muslim world in textbooks used for history and citizenship education. The authors focus on the teachers' capacity to identify factual errors, stereotypes or ethnocentric biases concerning these questions. In order to do this, they analyze fourteen semi-structured interviews carried out with teachers on the island of Montreal, considering dimensions and indicators that relate to their relationship to the formal curriculum, as well as to scholarly and social knowledge of these issues. At the same time, we consider their relationship to the real curriculum or to scholarly knowledge as these are transmitted in real-life learning situations.French
Notre article porte sur la manière dont les enseignants du premier cycle du secondaire québécois francophone s'approprient et transmettent le traitement de l'islam et du monde musulman dans le matériel didactique de la discipline d'histoire et d'éducation à la citoyenneté et plus particulièrement, sur leur capacité à identi er les erreurs factuelles, les stéréotypes ou les biais ethnocentriques concernant ces questions. Pour ce faire, nous avons relevé, dans l'analyse des quatorze entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès d'enseignants de l'Ile-de-Montréal, les dimensions et indicateurs portant, d'une part, sur leur rapport au curriculum prescrit, et plus précisément sur leur rapport aux savoirs scolaires, sociaux et parfois de référence sur ces enjeux, et, d'autre part, sur leur rapport au curriculum réel ou aux savoirs scolaires tels que transmis en situation réelle d'apprentissage.
La integración en América Latina: Entre el pasado y el futuro
Authors: Vengoa Hugo Fazio 
Published: May 2011

The article begins by analyzing the structural and contextual factors as well as the problematic asymmetries that have paralyzed integration efforts in Latin America at the beginning of this new century. Subsequently, the author proposes a model of social, ethical, and culturally inclusive integration in a cosmopolitan spirit.Spanish
El artículo analiza en un primer momento los factores estructurales coyunturales y las problemáticas asimetrías que han conducido a la parálisis de los esfuerzos integradores en América Latina en los inicios del nuevo siglo. En un segundo momento se propone un esquema de integración social, ética y culturalmente incluyente dentro de un espíritu cosmopolita.French
Cet article commence par analyser les facteurs structurels et contextuels ainsi que les asymétries problématiques qui ont paralysé les efforts d'intégration en Amérique Latine au début de ce nouveau siècle. Ensuite, l'auteur propose un modèle d'intégration sociale, éthique et culturellement inclusif, basé sur une logique cosmopolite.
Monitoring and evaluating the provision of (donor-funded) regional public goods
Authors: De Lombaerde Philippe , Van Langenhove Luk 
Published: May 2011

This article deals with the monitoring and evaluation of the provision of regional public goods in the context of donor intervention. A number of issues will be identified that have to be addressed when designing and implementing such monitoring and evaluation schemes. This will be done in the framework of the so-called fourth-generation project evaluation, of social constructivist inspiration. A er presenting the basic characteristics of fourth-generation evaluation, the article explores how this evaluation framework can be adapted to the needs of the evaluator of the provision of regional public goods.Spanish
Este artículo se ocupa del seguimiento y la evaluación de la provisión de bienes públicos regionales en el contexto de la intervención de los donantes. Se identifican varios temas que hay que tener en cuenta al diseñar e implementar esquemas de seguimiento y evaluación. Esto se hará en el marco de la evaluación de los proyectos denominados de cuarta generación, de inspiración constructivista social. Después de presentar las características básicas de la evaluación de cuarta generación, el artículo explora cómo este esquema de evaluación se puede adaptar a las necesidades del evaluador de la provisión de bienes públicos regionales.French
Cet article traite du suivi et de l'évaluation de la fourniture de biens publics régionaux dans le contexte de l'intervention de donneurs. Plusieurs questions relatives à l'organisation et à la mise en œuvre de tels plans de suivi et d'évaluation seront identifiées. Cela se fera dans le contexte de ce qu'on appelle l'évaluation de projet de quatrième génération, inspiré par le constructivisme social. Après avoir présenté les caractéristiques de base de l'évaluation de quatrième génération, l'article examine comment ce cadre d'évaluation peut être adapté aux besoins de celui qui évalue l'approvisionnement en biens publics régionaux
Ventilator-associated pneumonia in Iranian intensive care units
Authors: Japoni Aziz , Vazin Afsanah , Davarpanah Mohammad Ali , Afkhami Ardakani Mohammad , Alborzi Abdolvahab , Japoni Sara , Rafaatpour Noradin 
Published: May 2011

Introduction: Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) occur most frequently in intensive care units (ICU). This study seeks to determine the etiological agents of NP and VAP along with their antibacterial susceptibility patterns, and to evaluate the factors contributing to patient mortality. The impact of appropriate therapy in terms of three parameters (body temperature, PaO2/FiO2 ratio and leukocyte count) was also assessed. Methodology: This study involved 836 adult patients admitted to ICUs at the Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, over nine months during 2008 and 2009. The inclusion criterion was the commencement of infection at least 48 hours following hospital admission. Clinical parameters including core temperature, leukocyte count. and PaO2/FiO2 ratio were evaluated. Antibiotic sensitivities of the isolated bacteria to a panel of antibiotics were determined using E-test. Results: Of 836 cases, only 58 (6.9 %) cases of NP were diagnosed, of which 42 (72 %) were VAP. A. baumannii, MRSA, P. aeruginosa and MSSA were the most prevalent bacteria. Significant correlations between previous antibiotic therapy (p = 0.04), use of corticosteroids (p = 0.02) and attributable mortality were found. A strong correlation between fever abatement and the ratio of PaO2/FiO2 with responses to treatment and outcomes was also evident. Conclusions: Combined treatment with meropenem/imipenem, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin seems to be appropriate and could cover all possible infective agents. To reduce mortality rate, reasonable prescription of antibiotics and corticosteroids could be effective. Furthermore, adopting a strategy to reduce body temperature and PaO2/FiO2 ratio could be beneficial in patients' outcomes.
Efficacy and safety of lamivudine treatment in late pregnancy with high HBV DNA: a perspective for mother and infants
Authors: Köse Sükran , Türken Melda , Devrim İlker , Taner Cüneyt 
Published: May 2011

Introduction: Perinatal transmission - from mother to fetus - is one of the main transmission routes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Lamivudine therapy has been reported to prevent the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in pregnant women with a high viral load that can lead to perinatal transmission. Methodology: This study sought to evaluate retrospectively the efficacy and safety of lamivudine treatment in pregnant women with CHB and a high viral load. Biochemical parameters, and virological and serological responses at the 32nd and 36th week of gestation and after labor were recorded. The complications of CHB and the adverse effects of lamivudine treatment were also recorded. Results: Following 8 weeks of lamivudine treatment, HBV viral load decreased to levels ≤ 10,000 copies/ml in five of the seven patients (71%) and in three patients (43%), HBV DNA was found to be completely negative after labor. Neither adverse effects caused by lamivudine treatment nor complications due to CHB infection were experienced by mothers or infants. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that lamivudine therapy in highly viremic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women could decrease perinatal transmission rates of HBV, and can lower the HBV viral load during labor.
Antibiotic screening of urine culture as a useful quality audit
Authors: Wilson Godwin , Badarudeen Shaherudeen , Godwin Angela 
Published: May 2011

Introduction: The diagnosis of urinary tract infections includes microbiologic culture of urine to determine the etiology of the infection. However, interpretation of the results can be confounded by various factors including the accuracy of a patient's history of current antibiotic usage. Methodology: In this report, we tested urine specimens for the presence of antibiotics and compared our results to the accuracy of antibiotic data entry on the accompanying request forms. In addition, the consequences of culturing urine specimens with incomplete antibiotic history received in the laboratory were investigated. Results: During the study period, 14,680 urines were obtained and tested with a modified urine antibacterial substance assay (UABA). There were (97.32%) true-negative, 6 (0.04%) false-negative, 222 (1.51%) true-positive and 166 (1.13%) false-positive results. The sensitivity and specificity of this test was 97.37% and 98.85% respectively. Conclusion: This internal audit practice demonstrates the importance of accurately completed request forms and how this information impacts the clinical interpretation of urine culture results.
Comparison of the EQ-5D and the SF-6D Utility Measures in 813 Patients with Early Arthritis: Results from the ESPOIR Cohort
Authors: GAUJOUX-VIALA CÉCILE , RAT ANNE-CHRISTINE , GUILLEMIN FRANCIS , FLIPO RENÉ-MARC , FARDELLONE PATRICE , BOURGEOIS PIERRE , FAUTREL BRUNO 
Published: May 2011

Objective.The revolution of early aggressive therapy in early arthritis (EA) has fueled the search for better approaches to establish cost-effectiveness. Our objective was to compare the EuroQol EQ-5D health outcome measure and the SF-6D and to investigate their relationship to clinical variables in a large prospective cohort of patients with EA.Methods.The EQ-5D and SF-6D utility measures were longitudinally assessed in 813 patients with EA. Agreement and aspects of validity (construct validity, discrimination) were assessed.Results.At baseline, mean values for EQ-5D were 0.52 ± 0.31 (range −0.59 to 1.0) and for SF-6D were 0.58 ± 0.11 (range 0.30 to 0.92), with a bimodal distribution for the EQ-5D. Agreement was low for patients with severe disability or active disease: the utility was systematically lower with EQ-5D. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.42 at baseline and increased to 0.53 at 6 months and 0.57 at 1 and 2 years. Correlations between the 2 utility scores and the Health Assessment Questionnaire were good, and remained similar and stable over 2 years (r = −0.70). Correlations with the Disease Activity Score for 28 joints and the physical component of the MOS 36-item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36) were moderate to good and stable. In contrast, correlation with the mental component of the SF-36 was better with the SF-6D, and the correlation with pain, weak at baseline, improved at 6 months and remained stable thereafter. The SF-6D was better able to discriminate patients with high disease activity.Conclusion.There was systematic disagreement between EQ-5D and SF-6D in EA, especially in patients with worse clinical outcomes. Using the 2 instruments could be appropriate to conduct sensitivity analyses of cost-utility ratios because the instruments measure utility with closely similar measured properties, but at different levels.
Preferential Accumulation of Activated Th1 Cells Not Only in Rheumatoid Arthritis But Also in Osteoarthritis Joints
Authors: YAMADA HISAKATA , NAKASHIMA YASUHARU , OKAZAKI KEN , MAWATARI TARO , FUKUSHI JUN-ICHI , OYAMADA AKIKO , FUJIMURA KENJIRO , IWAMOTO YUKIHIDE , YOSHIKAI YASUNOBU 
Published: May 2011

Objective.It was previously found that Th1 but not Th17 cells were predominant in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To verify whether this is a unique feature of CD4 T cells in RA joints, we performed comparative flow cytometric analysis of CD4 T cells in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) joints.Methods.Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood (PB), synovial membrane (SM), and synovial fluid (SF) from a total of 18 RA and 12 OA patients. The expression of surface molecules and cytokine production of CD4 T cells was examined by a flow cytometer.Results.Most CD4 T cells in RA joints expressed memory/activation markers, such as CD45RO, HLA-DR, and CD69. CCR5 was highly expressed on CD4 T cells in SF but not in PB or SM. With regard to Th17-related molecules, CD4 T cells expressing CCR6 were not enriched in either SF or SM. In contrast, CD161-positive cells were abundant in the joint, many of which, however, produced interferon-γ but not interleukin 17A. Virtually all T cells in OA joints, although much less numerous than in RA joints, expressed activation markers. Th1 cells were predominant in both OA and RA joints, while there were a few Th17 cells. The frequency of Th17 cells in the joint tended to be lower in OA than RA.Conclusion.There was a quantitative but not qualitative difference in CD4 T cells, including the expression of activation markers and cytokine profiles, between RA and OA joints.
The Relationship between Adult Attachment Styles and Work-Related Self-Perceptions for Australian Paediatric Occupational Therapists
Authors: Meredith Pamela , Poulsen Anne , Khan Asad , Henderson Julie , Castrisos Veronica 
Published: May 2011

Introduction: An attachment framework has been increasingly employed to inform our understanding of the ways in which early childhood relationships have an impact upon people's adaptation to the workplace. Evidence supports the presence of four attachment-related work orientations in adulthood (secure, cautious, support-seeking and self-reliant), which correspond to a secure and three insecure attachment patterns in early childhood. Although these work orientations have been investigated in several working populations, they have not yet been considered within a sample of occupational therapists. Method: The present exploratory study considered the results of a nationwide survey of 486 paediatric occupational therapists, and investigated the associations between attachment styles and a range of demographic variables and work-related self-perceptions. Results: Consistent with hypotheses, those with a secure attachment style reported a high investment of skill and energy in their job and low levels of over commitment. Conversely, cautious attachment and, to a lesser extent, support-seeking attachment were linked with feeling overcommitted and perceiving low returns in terms of recognition and prestige from their work. Conclusion: Understanding how practitioners' predominant attachment style is associated with work-related self-perceptions may offer insights into their behaviours and needs. This, in turn, can inform the provision of appropriate supports, with potential benefits for staff satisfaction, retention, health, wellbeing and, ultimately, client care.
Occupational Therapy Graduates of 2009: Knowledge and Attitudes Relating to Their Role in the Area of Alcohol Misuse
Authors: Gill Jan , MacLean Fiona , Renton Linda , O'May Fiona 
Published: May 2011

Purpose: Within Scotland, health policy changes are being considered to address the misuse of alcohol. Concurrently, a shifting of professional roles within the National Health Service is under way. The purpose of the study was to investigate personal knowledge and attitudes relating to alcohol use/misuse amongst all final year Scottish occupational therapy students. Procedure: A self-completed questionnaire was developed for delivery in spring 2009 within scheduled lectures to students (n = 161) at all three Scottish universities providing occupational therapy education. Findings: Of those in class, 93% (n = 109) provided completed questionnaires. There was evidence of gaps in knowledge around the understanding and application of United Kingdom responsible drinking guidelines; however, students reported confidence in their professional and personal ability to act effectively in this area of clinical practice. There was a distinct lack of congruence with key proposals put forward by the Scottish Government to address alcohol misuse. Conclusion: Identified knowledge gaps have implications for the alcohol teaching content of the curriculum in Scotland. Additionally, while investigation of student attitudes revealed a self-belief in personal and professional skills, the findings nevertheless stress a need to ensure that the potential value of occupational therapists' contribution is more effectively communicated to their health professional colleagues.
Spirituality in Practice: Using Personal Reflection to Prepare Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Barry Emily , Gibbens Richard 
Published: May 2011

Introduction: The study examines whether directed study and reflection on spirituality can improve occupational therapy students' confidence in addressing clients' spiritual needs. Method: In this qualitative study, questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of 12 students. In a quasi-experimental design using a pre-test and post-test approach, participants answered questions before and after reading about spirituality and completing a personal reflection. Results: Nine participants (75%) believed that the reflection increased awareness of their spirituality. Of these, 78% felt more confident to address spiritual needs. Conclusion: This study suggests that directed study and personal reflection upon spirituality can enhance personal professional development, increasing students' confidence in this core domain.