bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparse Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis: Distributed Alternating Iteration-Based Approach
Authors: Lv Kexin , Cai Jia , Huo Junyi , Shang Chao , Huang Xiaolin , Yang Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sparse canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a useful statistical tool to detect latent information with sparse structures. However, sparse CCA, where the sparsity could be considered as a Laplace prior on the canonical variates, works only for two data sets, that is, there are only two views or two distinct objects. To overcome this limitation, we propose a sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis (GCCA), which could detect the latent relations of multiview data with sparse structures. Specifically, we convert the GCCA into a linear system of equations and impose ℓ1 minimization penalty to pursue sparsity. This results in a nonconvex problem on the Stiefel manifold. Based on consensus optimization, a distributed alternating iteration approach is developed, and consistency is investigated elaborately under mild conditions. Experiments on several synthetic and real-world data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Promoting the Shift From Pixel-Level Correlations to Object Semantics Learning by Rethinking Computer Vision Benchmark Data Sets
Authors: Osório Maria , Wichert Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In computer vision research, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities at extracting patterns from raw pixel data, achieving state-of-the-art recognition accuracy. However, they significantly differ from human visual perception, prioritizing pixel-level correlations and statistical patterns, often overlooking object semantics. To explore this difference, we propose an approach that isolates core visual features crucial for human perception and object recognition: color, texture, and shape. In experiments on three benchmarks—Fruits 360, CIFAR-10, and Fashion MNIST—each visual feature is individually input into a neural network. Results reveal data set–dependent variations in classification accuracy, highlighting that deep learning models tend to learn pixel-level correlations instead of fundamental visual features. To validate this observation, we used various combinations of concatenated visual features as input for a neural network on the CIFAR-10 data set. CNNs excel at learning statistical patterns in images, achieving exceptional performance when training and test data share similar distributions. To substantiate this point, we trained a CNN on CIFAR-10 data set and evaluated its performance on the “dog” class from CIFAR-10 and on an equivalent number of examples from the Stanford Dogs data set. The CNN poor performance on Stanford Dogs images underlines the disparity between deep learning and human visual perception, highlighting the need for models that learn object semantics. Specialized benchmark data sets with controlled variations hold promise for aligning learned representations with human cognition in computer vision research.
Network-level enrichment provides a framework for biological interpretation of machine learning results
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Segel Ari , Feng Xinyang , Tu Jiaxin Cindy , Eck Andy , King Kelsey T. , Adeyemo Babatunde , Karcher Nicole R. , Chen Likai , Eggebrecht Adam T. , Wheelock Muriah D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Machine learning algorithms are increasingly being utilized to identify brain connectivity biomarkers linked to behavioral and clinical outcomes. However, research often prioritizes prediction accuracy at the expense of biological interpretability, and inconsistent implementation of ML methods may hinder model accuracy. To address this, our paper introduces a network-level enrichment approach, which integrates brain system organization in the context of connectome-wide statistical analysis to reveal network-level links between brain connectivity and behavior. To demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, we used linear support vector regression (LSVR) models to examine the relationship between resting-state functional connectivity networks and chronological age. We compared network-level associations based on raw LSVR weights to those produced from the forward and inverse models. Results indicated that not accounting for shared family variance inflated prediction performance, the k-best feature selection via Pearson correlation reduced accuracy and reliability, and raw LSVR model weights produced network-level associations that deviated from the significant brain systems identified by forward and inverse models. Our findings offer crucial insights for applying machine learning to neuroimaging data, emphasizing the value of network enrichment for biological interpretation.
The “limbic network,” comprising orbitofrontal and anterior temporal cortex, is part of an extended default network: Evidence from multi-echo fMRI
Authors: Girn Manesh , Setton Roni , Turner Gary R. , Spreng R. Nathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations have provided a view of the default network (DN) as composed of a specific set of frontal, parietal, and temporal cortical regions. This spatial topography is typically defined with reference to an influential network parcellation scheme that designated the DN as one of seven large-scale networks (Yeo et al., 2011). However, the precise functional organization of the DN is still under debate, with studies arguing for varying subnetwork configurations and the inclusion of subcortical regions. In this vein, the so-called limbic network—defined as a distinct large-scale network comprising the bilateral temporal poles, ventral anterior temporal lobes, and orbitofrontal cortex—is of particular interest. A large multi-modal and multi-species literature on the anatomical, functional, and cognitive properties of these regions suggests a close relationship to the DN. Notably, these regions have poor signal quality with conventional fMRI acquisition, likely obscuring their network affiliation in most studies. Here, we leverage a multi-echo fMRI dataset with high temporal signal-to-noise and whole-brain coverage, including orbitofrontal and anterior temporal regions, to examine the large-scale network resting-state functional connectivity of these regions and assess their associations with the DN. Consistent with our hypotheses, our results support the inclusion of the majority of the orbitofrontal and anterior temporal cortex as part of the DN and reveal significant heterogeneity in their functional connectivity. We observed that left-lateralized regions within the temporal poles and ventral anterior temporal lobes, as well as medial orbitofrontal regions, exhibited the greatest resting-state functional connectivity with the DN, with heterogeneity across DN subnetworks. Overall, our findings suggest that, rather than being a functionally distinct network, the orbitofrontal and anterior temporal regions comprise part of a larger, extended default network.
Russia’s Mapping of Critical Infrastructure in the North and Baltic Seas – International Law as an Impediment to Countering the Threat of Strategic Sabotage?
Authors: Schaller Christian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Russia is systematically mapping critical infrastructure in the North and Baltic Seas. These activities are intended to unsettle nato countries and prepare the ground for possible sabotage. The problem is that the international law of the sea does not provide coastal States with clear authority to prevent the collection of intelligence on maritime infrastructure within their Exclusive Economic Zones (eez s). This article argues that coastal States must nevertheless be able to exercise their sovereign rights with respect to the exploration and exploitation of the eez and continental shelf. Consequently, they must be allowed to take the necessary measures to protect the infrastructure serving the exercise of those sovereign rights. This argument could help to establish a legal basis for countering Russian mapping operations in the eez s and on the continental shelves of coastal States in the North and Baltic Seas.
Inter-State Cases under icerd as an Avenue to Protect Cultural Heritage
Authors: Keane David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The most recent applications before the International Court of Justice (icj) under Article 22 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (icerd), Armenia v. Azerbaijan and Azerbaijan v. Armenia, both claim that the destruction of cultural heritage during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict constitutes a violation of the Convention. The applications have met with enthusiasm that icerd offers a potential new avenue for the protection of cultural heritage, as well as scepticism as to whether these claims fall within the scope of the treaty. Armenia and Azerbaijan bypassed the inter-State communications mechanism under Articles 11–13 before the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (cerd), as they are legally entitled to do. But the cerd perspective remains important. First, the Articles 11–13 mechanism is available in relation to 182 States Parties, whereas due to reservations, the Article 22 mechanism is available only in relation to 157 States Parties. Second, cerd practice in relation to cultural heritage ought to inform the determination of the Court. This article investigates the cerd approach to the protection of cultural heritage. It draws in related questions such as whether religious cultural heritage comes under a treaty on racial discrimination; the applicability of these protections in situations of armed conflict; and icerd’s relationship with other specialised instruments. It offers conclusions as to what extent an avenue for the protection of cultural heritage under icerd exists before the Committee and the Court.
Black soldier fly larvae feed suitability for chicken and prospects for economic valuation and viability aspects
Authors: Batool M. , Tabinda A.B. , Tahir A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Utilization of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) emerges as a promising avenue for organic waste recycling and production of protein rich biomass. The current study explored the suitability of BSFL protein feed for chicken and economic facets associated with BSFL rearing facilities, encompassing costs of goods sold (COGs), operating expenditure (OpExp), and capital costs (CapExp). Research revealed that incorporation of BSFL feed for chicken did not exert discernible influences on overall meat quality. However, the amino acid content variation of chicken meat particularly concerning polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), are correlated with the fatty acid composition of the BSFL feed, showed substrate-specific characteristics. The recommended BSFL dosage ranges up to 13% (defatted larvae), 12% (partially defatted BSFL), 14% (dried larvae), and 48% (for whole larvae), which did not affect the chicken body weight and physiological traits, except for the fatty acids profile. However, complete substitution at 100% proved detrimental to body weight. The establishment of a BSFL rearing facility is deemed economically viable, considering large production scales and supply chain development in collaboration with waste material managers. Such collaboration is envisioned to curtail substantial portions of expenses, primarily attributed to transport and labor costs, which constitute 60-70% of the financial outlay in the developing countries context. Based on the operational, capital, and marketing expenditures, the cost for BSFL rearing setup in Asian countries (Pakistan) ranged from US $50,762 to US $100,000, while the estimated profit was US $10,762 to US $51,121. These figures may vary based on cost per product, net price and profit per product, number of products sold, and market share and growth traction facets.
Dried crickets (Gryllus sigillatus) or black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal for broiler chickens: nutrient composition and digestibility
Authors: Fisher H.J. , MacIsaac J.L. , Mason B. , Rathgeber B.R. , Colombo S.M. , Empey M. , Collins S.A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study explores the potential of cricket meal and black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as alternative protein sources in broiler chicken diets. With the use of the substitution method, using diatomaceous earth as an external marker, we investigated the nutrient availability and apparent metabilizeable energy content of oven-dried full-fat cricket meal (OD-CM), freeze-dried full-fat cricket meal (FD-CM), and defatted BSFLM in a feeding trial involving 320 Ross 308 broilers housed in 32 pens (8 replicates / treatment; 8 birds / pen). Feed intake, daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were measured between days 15 and 21. Excreta collected on days 19, 20, and 21 were analyzed for nutrient content. Both cricket treatments were high in crude protein. Additionally, FD-CM demonstrated the highest fat content, surpassing OD-CM. OD-CM displayed a significantly higher apparent digestibility coefficient for crude protein compared to BSFLM (). FD-CM had the highest apparent digestibility coefficient for gross energy (). The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy of OD-CM and FD-CM were significantly higher than that of BSFLM (). Furthermore, OD-CM exhibited a significantly higher available crude protein content compared to BSFLM and FD-CM (). This research sheds light on the potential of OD-CM and FD-CM as valuable alternative protein sources for broiler chickens, providing critical insights for the poultry industry’s sustainable future. This research is important as the apparent digestibility coefficients, as well as available nutrients calculated for the three ingredients may be used to accurately formulate poultry diets on an available nutrient basis.
The Settler Supernatural: Contemporary Taiwanese Popular Culture, the Environment, and the Nativisation of Han Taiwanese Legends
Authors: Iwasaki Clara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article examines how Han Taiwanese myths and urban legends have been associated with the environment and native fauna in the best-selling popular non-fiction publication Monstrous Taiwan and the hit horror film The Tag-Along. This article also looks at how these works can be considered within the framework of settler colonial studies in East Asia. Both works are interested in intervening in popular culture and genre cinema while reframing the horror or supernatural genre as particularly Taiwanese, drawing on urban legends and traditional folk tales. However, the creators of these works persistently characterise Han Taiwanese legends as interchangeable with the native fauna of Taiwan. This move positions Han Taiwanese as inheritors of the natural environment of Taiwan while minimising or, in some cases, tokenising the presence of indigenous Taiwanese people.
Science in a World of Politics
Authors: Faye Jan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The present article discusses scientific research in relation to the norms of representative democracy, arguing that politicians are committed to base their policy on scientific evidence. It is argued that people have both natural interests and social interests and that our natural interests, which we have acquired through natural selection and adaptation, are best taken care of by a representative democracy in which science proliferates. The article also argues why politicians and the public should trust science as the best means to fulfil our natural interests.
Diagnostic yield of computed tomography angiography in patients presenting with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Kjølhede Maria , Hjort Niels , Homburg Sif , Nørholt Morten , Dalby Rikke Beese , Simonsen Claus Ziegler , Blauenfeldt Rolf Ankerlund 
Published: May 2024

Background Hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the most common causes of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); however, these conditions do not imply macrovascular pathology. Still, computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) is often performed in the acute phase in patients with ICH. Purpose To assess the diagnostic yield of CTA in the detection of secondary etiology in consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH. Material and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a prospective single-center cohort study of 203 patients presenting with spontaneous ICH admitted to a comprehensive stroke center over a two-year period (15 October 2016 to 15 October 2018). The underlying vascular pathology was assessed using CTA. Results CTA was performed in addition to non-contrast CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Vascular pathology was found in 11 of 203 (5.4%) patients and included arteriovenous malformations (n=4), aneurysms (n=4), vasospasms (n=1), cerebral venous thrombosis (n=1), and other vascular malformations (n=1). In eight cases, the finding was deemed symptomatic. Patients with vascular pathology on CTA more often had lobar located hemorrhages (63.6% vs. 36.4%, P = 0.049). Numerically, patients with vascular pathology were younger, had smaller hematoma volumes, and lower mortality. Conclusion Underlying macrovascular pathology was detected on CTA in only approximately 1 of 20 consecutive patients with ICH. The patients with vascular pathology more often had a hemorrhage with a lobar location and young age and the present study is supportive of a risk-based stratification approach in performing CTA.
Factors associated with irritable bowel syndrome and Helicobacter pylori infection: public knowledge and awareness of signs and symptoms
Authors: Shaheen Muamar M. A. , Hroub Maysaa , Talahmeh Lana 
Published: May 2024

Objective To investigate factors related to the risk of developing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study analysed the responses from participants that completed an online questionnaire, which asked about their knowledge of the causes and risk factors associated with IBS and H. pylori infection. Results The study analysed responses from 230 participants: 181 females (of 227 participants; 79.7%) and 190 aged 18–40 years (of 228; 83.3%). Of the 230 participants, 40 (17.4%) had been diagnosed by a physician with IBS and 57 (24.8%) had been diagnosed with H. pylori infection. Of 226 participants, 93 (41.2%) had self-medicated with antibiotics in the past 6 months for various reasons. The overall mean ± SD knowledge score about IBS and H. pylori infection for the study cohort ( n = 230) was 35.8 ± 19.2%. Wald χ2-test analysis demonstrated that chronic diseases, antibiotic use and having an endoscopy were significantly associated with developing IBS. Male sex and chronic diseases were significantly associated with H. pylori infection. Logistic regression analysis showed no relationship between IBS and H. Pylori infection. Conclusion Chronic diseases was the only risk factor common for IBS and H. pylori infection.
Critical care nurses’ experiences of ethical challenges in end-of-life care
Authors: Palmryd Lena , Rejnö Åsa , Alvariza Anette , Godskesen Tove 
Published: May 2024

Background In Swedish intensive care units, nine percent of patients do not survive despite receiving advanced life-sustaining treatments. As these patients transition to end-of-life care, ethical considerations may become paramount. Aim To explore the ethical challenges that critical care nurses encounter when caring for patients at the end of life in an intensive care context. Research design The study used a qualitative approach with an interpretive descriptive design. Research context and participants Twenty critical care nurses from eight intensive care units in an urban region in Sweden were interviewed, predominately women with a median age of fifty-one years. Ethical considerations This study was approved by The Swedish Ethics Review Authority. Findings Critical care nurses described encountering ethical challenges when life-sustaining treatments persisted to patients with minimal survival prospects and when administering pain-relieving medications that could inadvertently hasten patients’ deaths. Challenges also arose when patients expressed a desire to withdraw life-sustaining treatments despite the possibility of recovery, or when family members wanted to shield patients from information about a poor prognosis; these wishes occasionally conflicted with healthcare guidelines. The critical care nurses also encountered ethical challenges when caring for potential organ donors, highlighting the balance between organ preservation and maintaining patient dignity. Conclusion Critical care nurses encountered ethical challenges when caring for patients at the end of life. They described issues ranging from life-sustaining treatments and administration of pain-relief, to patient preferences and organ donation considerations. Addressing these ethical challenges is essential for delivering compassionate person-centered care, and supporting family members during end-of-life care in an intensive care context.
Imatinib-induced ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ma Zengqing , Zhao Jianguo , Li Susu , Gao Fuping , Zhang Chuanyang , Wu Lianping , Lin Yu 
Published: May 2024

Introduction Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first-line therapy for patients with KIT mutation in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia and abdominal pain are common gastrointestinal adverse reactions of imatinib, but imatinib-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) is rarely reported. Case report We presented a case of UC induced by imatinib in a 56-year-old male patient who experienced this adverse event after 5 years of imatinib 400 mg/d treatment following GIST resection. Management and outcome The patient's diarrhea and bloody stools showed significant improvement following the discontinuation of imatinib therapy and administration of antidiarrheal medications. Then, imatinib was restarted at a daily dosage of 400 mg. Discussion UC is a rare adverse event associated with imatinib. Physicians should consider the possibility of UC induced by imatinib when patients present with diarrhea and bloody stool after receiving imatinib treatment. This case offered objective evidence of UC induced by imatinib.