bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin promotes syncytialisation of BeWo cell line and primary trophoblast cells
Authors: Benaitreau Delphine , Santos Esther Dos , Leneveu Marie-Christine , De Mazancourt Philippe , Pecquery René , Dieudonné Marie-Noëlle 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
In human pregnancy, a correct placentation depends on trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. These processes are highly regulated by placental hormones, growth factors and cytokines. Recently, we have shown that adiponectin, an adipokine, has anti-proliferative effects on trophoblastic cells. Here, we complete this study by demonstrating that adiponectin modulates BeWo and human villous cytotrophoblast cell differentiation.

Results
We showed that hCG secretion was up-regulated by adiponectin treatment in both BeWo cells and human cytotrophoblasts from very early placentas (5-6 weeks). The expression of two trophoblast differentiation markers, leptin and syncytin 2, was also up-regulated by adiponectin in BeWo cells. Moreover, adiponectin treatment induced a loss of E-cadherin staining in these cells. In parallel, we demonstrated that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are up-regulated during forskolin induced BeWo cell differentiation, reinforcing the role of adiponectin in trophoblast syncytialization. SiRNA mediated down-regulation of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 was used to demonstrate that adiponectin effects on differentiation were essentially mediated by these receptors. Finally, using a specific inhibitor, we demonstrated that the PKA signalling pathway could be one pathway involved in adiponectin effects on trophoblast differentiation.

Conclusion
Adiponectin enhances the differentiation process of trophoblast cells and could thus be involved in functional syncytiotrophoblast formation.
Coexpression of adrenomedullin and its receptor component proteins in the reproductive system of the rat during gestation
Authors: Li Lei , Tang Fai , O Wai-Sum 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Adrenomedullin (ADM), a novel vasorelaxant peptide, was found in human/rat ovaries and uteri. Plasma ADM level increases in pregnant women and pregnant rats.

Methods
The gene expression levels of Adm and its receptor components - Crlr, Ramp1, Ramp2 and Ramp3, the ADM peptide concentration and localization in the rat female reproductive system during gestation were studied by real-time RT-PCR, EIA and immunohistochemical techniques.

Results
The mRNAs of Adm and its receptor component and ADM were differentially distributed between implantation sites and inter-implantation sites of the pregnant uterus. The day on which vaginal sperm were found was taken to be pregnancy day 1. The Adm mRNA levels in the implantation sites of the uteri in mid- (day 12) and late pregnancy (day 17) were more than 10-fold higher than those in nonpregnancy, pre-implantation (day 3) or early (day 7) pregnancy. ADM was localized in the endometrial stroma with increased immunoreactivity from nonpregnancy to pregnancy. The ADM level and the mRNA levels of Adm, Crlr, Ramp2 and Ramp3 in the corpus luteum all increased in late pregnancy compared with early pregnancy. The gene expression of Adm and it receptor components and intense immunostaining of ADM were also found in the oviduct during pregnancy.

Conclusions
The gene expressions levels of Adm and its receptor components - Crlr, Ramp1, Ramp2 and Ramp3, and ADM peptide concentration exhibited a spatio-temporal pattern in the rat female reproductive system during gestation and this suggests that ADM may play important roles in gestation.
Deletion of 1.8-kb mRNA of Marek's disease virus decreases its replication ability but not oncogenicity
Authors: Sun Aijun , Li Yanpeng , Wang Jingyan , Su Shuai , Chen Hongjun , Zhu Hongfei , Ding Jiabo , Cui Zhizhong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe 1.8-kb mRNA was reported as one of the oncogenesis-related genes of Marek's disease virus (MDV). In this study, the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone of a MDV field strain GX0101 was used as the platform to generate mutant MDV to examine the functional roles of 1.8-kb mRNA.ResultsBased on the BAC clone of GX0101, the 1.8-kb mRNA deletion mutant GX0101Δ(A+C) was constructed. The present experiments indicated that GX0101Δ(A+C) retained a low level of oncogenicity, and it showed a decreased replication capacity in vitro and in vivo when compared with its parent virus, GX0101. Further studies in vitro demonstrated that deletion of 1.8-kb mRNA significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of the bi-directional promoter between 1.8-kb mRNA and pp38 genes of MDV.ConclusionThese results suggested that the 1.8-kb mRNA did not directly influence the oncogenesis but related to the replication ability of MDV.
Ethnopharmacological survey among migrants living in the Southeast Atlantic Forest of Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Garcia Daniel , Domingues Marcus Vinicius , Rodrigues Eliana 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how people of diverse cultural backgrounds have traditionally used plants and animals as medicinal substances during displacements is one of the most important objectives of ethnopharmacological studies. An ethnopharmacological survey conducted among migrants living in the Southeast Atlantic Forest remnants (Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil) is presented herein.MethodsEthnographical methods were used to select and interview the migrants, and botanical and zoological techniques were employed to collect the indicated resources.ResultsWe interviewed five migrants who described knowledge on 12 animals and 85 plants. Only 78 plants were present in Diadema, they belong to 37 taxonomic families; 68 were used exclusively for medicinal purposes, whereas 10 were reported to be toxic and/or presented some restriction of use. These taxa were grouped into 12 therapeutic categories (e.g., gastrointestinal disturbances, inflammatory processes or respiratory problems) based on the 41 individual complaints cited by the migrants. While the twelve animal species were used by the migrants to treat nine complaints; these were divided into six categories, the largest of which related to respiratory problems. None of the animal species and only 57 of the 78 plant species analysed in the present study were previously reported in the pharmacological literature; the popular knowledge concurred with academic findings for 30 of the plants. The seven plants [Impatiens hawkeriW. Bull.,Artemisia canphorataVill.,Equisetum arvensisL.,Senna pendula(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby,Zea maysL.,Fevillea passifloraVell. andCroton fuscescensSpreng)] and the two animals (Atta sexdensandPeriplaneta americana) that showed maintenance of use among migrants during their displacement in Brazilian territory, have not been studied by pharmacologists yet.ConclusionsThus, they should be highlighted and focused in further pharmacology and phytochemical studies, since the persistence of their uses can be indicative of bioactive potentials.
Predicting direct protein interactions from affinity purification mass spectrometry data
Authors: Kim Ethan DH , Sabharwal Ashish , Vetta Adrian R , Blanchette Mathieu 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry identification (AP-MS) is an increasingly popular approach to observe protein-protein interactions (PPI) in vivo. One drawback of AP-MS, however, is that it is prone to detecting indirect interactions mixed with direct physical interactions. Therefore, the ability to distinguish direct interactions from indirect ones is of much interest.

Results
We first propose a simple probabilistic model for the interactions captured by AP-MS experiments, under which the problem of separating direct interactions from indirect ones is formulated. Then, given idealized quantitative AP-MS data, we study the problem of identifying the most likely set of direct interactions that produced the observed data. We address this challenging graph theoretical problem by first characterizing signatures that can identify weakly connected nodes as well as dense regions of the network. The rest of the direct PPI network is then inferred using a genetic algorithm.
Our algorithm shows good performance on both simulated and biological networks with very high sensitivity and specificity. Then the algorithm is used to predict direct interactions from a set of AP-MS PPI data from yeast, and its performance is measured against a high-quality interaction dataset.

Conclusions
As the sensitivity of AP-MS pipeline improves, the fraction of indirect interactions detected will also increase, thereby making the ability to distinguish them even more desirable. Despite the simplicity of our model for indirect interactions, our method provides a good performance on the test networks.
Surgical management of life threatening events caused by intermittent aortic insufficiency in a native valve: case report
Authors: Martin Mary H. , Perry Stanton B. , Prochazka James V. , Hanley Frank L. , Silverman Norman H. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We describe a case of a patient admitted with apparent life threatening events characterized by hypotension and bradycardia. The patient was ultimately found to have intermittent severe aortic insufficiency. Upon surgical exploration, abnormalities were discovered in the aortic valve, which had a small left coronary cusp with absence of the nodulus of Arantius. Following surgical repair of the valve, aimed at preventing the small cusp from becoming stuck in the open position, the patient has remained episode free for over one year.
Systemic treatment with liver X receptor agonists raises apolipoprotein E, cholesterol, and amyloid-β peptides in the cerebral spinal fluid of rats
Authors: Suon Sokreine , Zhao Jie , Villarreal Stephanie A , Anumula Nikesh , Liu Mali , Carangia Linda M , Renger John J , Zerbinatti Celina V 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundApolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major cholesterol transport protein found in association with brain amyloid from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and theε4allele of apoE is a genetic risk factor for AD. Previous studies have shown that apoE forms a stable complex with amyloid β (Aβ) peptidesin vitroand that the state of apoE lipidation influences the fate of brain Aβ, i.e., lipid poor apoE promotes Aβ aggregation/deposition while fully lipidated apoE favors Aβ degradation/clearance. In the brain, apoE levels and apoE lipidation are regulated by the liver X receptors (LXRs).ResultsWe investigated the hypothesis that increased apoE levels and lipidation induced by LXR agonists facilitates Aβ efflux from the brain to the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). We also examined if the brain expression of major apoE receptors potentially involved in apoE-mediated Aβ clearance was altered by LXR agonists. ApoE, cholesterol, Aβ40, and Aβ42 levels were all significantly elevated in the CSF of rats after only 3 days of treatment with LXR agonists. A significant reduction in soluble brain Aβ40 levels was also detected after 6 days of LXR agonist treatment.ConclusionsOur novel findings suggest that central Aβ lowering caused by LXR agonists appears to involve an apoE/cholesterol-mediated transport of Aβ to the CSF and that differences between the apoE isoforms in mediating this clearance pathway may explain why individuals carrying one or two copies of APOEε4have increased risk for AD.
Prognostic value of lymph node metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) according to the local advancement and range of surgical excision
Authors: Czarniecka Agnieszka , Jarzab Michal , Krajewska Jolanta , Chmielik Ewa , Szcześniak-Klusek Bogna , Stobiecka Ewa , Kokot Robert , Sacher Aleksander , Poltorak Stanisław , Wloch Jan 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with primary tumor smaller than 1 cm, the routine central lymph node (LN) dissection is questioned, due to increased risk of post-surgery complications and lack of confirmed benefit.

Aim

The analysis of prognostic significance of LN metastases, in DTC patients to verify the potential role of central neck lymphadenectomy on disease staging.

Materials and methods

The group of 195 DTC patients, primarily operated between 2004 and 2005, was retrospectively analyzed. 184 patients after radical operation, with no distant metastases diagnosed before surgery, were included into analysis. LN metastases were observed in 55 of cases (28%). In 124 cases only dissection of central LN compartment was performed, in 36 patients also uni- or bilateral modified cervical lymphadectomy was carried out. In 24 patients with tumor limited to the thyroid gland without suspicious lymph nodes, the routine central lymph node dissection was not done.

Results

Median follow-up was 4 years. The 5-year overall and disease free survival standardized ratio were 100% and 95% respectively. The risk of LN metastases increased with the more locally advanced cancer. In the group of 124 patients, in whom only central LN dissection was performed, LN metastases were diagnosed in 15 cases (12%). No significant relation between multifocality and frequency of central and/or lateral LN metastases was noticed. Significant correlation between N feature and extrathyroidal invasion was observed (p = 0,0003). The presence of LN metastases was related to worsening of disease free survival from 99 to 90%. During the follow-up recurrence occurred in 6 (3%) cases. In 24 patients in whom only total thyroidectomy was done, no local or distant recurrence was observed. The assessment of early postoperative complications (hypoparathyroidism, paresis of vocal cords) indicated that the frequency of early calcium balance disturbances was significantly lower in patients in whom central LN dissection was not performed (p = 0,04)

Conclusions

Our result indicate that in the early diagnosis of thyroid cancer, the occurrence of LN DTC metastases is rarer and was observed only in 12% of elective dissections of central LN node compartment, if no lateral dissection was indicated due to the lack of clinical suspicion. In DTC patients with tumor diameter <1 cm and no sonographical or inraoperative suspicion on LN involvement, routine central lymphadenectomy may be not obligatory.
Induction of gastric cancer cell adhesion through transforming growth factor-beta1-mediated peritoneal fibrosis
Authors: Lv Zhi-Dong , Na Di , Liu Fu-Nan , Du Zong-Min , Sun Zhe , Li Zhen , Ma Xiao-Yang , Wang Zhen-Ning , Xu Hui-Mian 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Peritoneal dissemination is one of the main causes of death in gastric cancer patients. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), one of the most potent fibrotic stimuli for mesothelial cells, may play a key role in this processing. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effects of TGF-β1 on regulation of gastric cancer adhesion to mesothelial cells.

Methods
Peritoneal tissues and peritoneal wash fluid were obtained for hematoxylin and eosin staining or ELISA to measure fibrosis and TGF-β1 levels, respectively. The peritoneal mesothelial cell line, HMrSV5, was used to determine the role of TGF-β1 in regulation of gastric cancer cell adhesion to mesothelial cells and expression of collagen, fibronectin, and Smad 2/3 by using adhesion assay, western blot, and RT-PCR.

Results
The data showed that TGF-β1 treatment was able to induce collagen III and fibronectin expression in the mesothelial cells, which was associated with an increased adhesion ability of gastric cancer cells, but knockdown of minimal sites of cell binding domain of extracellular matrix can partially inhibit these effects.

Conclusion
Peritoneal fibrosis induced by TGF-β1 may provide a favorable environment for the dissemination of gastric cancer.
Pharmacological treatment of depression and bipolar disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: Dubicka Bernadka , Wilkinson Paul , Kelvin Raphael G. , Goodyer Ian M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryMajor depression and bipolar disorder in children and adolescents are serious conditions associated with considerable morbidity as well as increased risk of suicide. The treatment of depression in young people is currently controversial and this article reviews the evidence base and potential risks and benefits of antidepressants. Although the diagnosis of bipolar disorder is also controversial, medication is the first-line treatment of choice in cases that meet diagnostic criteria. The limited evidence base in children and adolescents is presented, along with current treatment guidelines. Despite the controversies in this field, this article concludes that medication remains an important part of the treatment approach for both disorders, although the risks and benefits of pharmacotherapy need to be carefully assessed in each patient.
Drug misuse in older people: old problems and new challenges
Authors: Badrakalimuthu Vellingiri Raja , Rumball Daphne , Wagle Ajay 
Published: October 2010

SummaryVery little attention has been paid to the invisible epidemic of substance misuse among older people in the UK. This article looks at the prevalence of substance misuse in the people over the age of 60. The reasons for difficulty in diagnosing substance misuse are explored and ways to improve diagnostic ability are discussed. Substance misuse leads to severe physical and psychiatric morbidity that is being managed by meagre resources. The article provides recommendations on specific issues related to interventions, biological and psychosocial, and training of psychiatrists.
Life coaching for mental health recovery: the emerging practice of recovery coaching
Authors: Bora Rani , Leaning Saija , Moores Alison , Roberts Glenn 
Published: October 2010

SummaryMental health services are increasingly expected to engage in a process of cultural change to fulfil guiding values and hopes for choice, personalisation, self-determination, social inclusion and personal recovery. It is unclear how this will be achieved. This transformational agenda also engages with an ambition for progressive change in practice across mental health professions to support people in self-care and self-management, based on a new relationship between practitioners and users of mental health services. There is little consistent guidance on the content of recovery-oriented and socially inclusive practice and what may be the new competencies and skills that would most effectively support recovery outcomes. Life coaching to support recovery for people with mental health needs is emerging as a creative possibility with considerable potential to support this ambition. This is an exploratory article which offers an overview of experience so far, suggests further routes for development and, in line with the College's Fair Deal campaign, underlines the need for evaluation.
The Human Rights Act 1998: implications for the medical treatment of children and young people
Authors: Curtice Martin , Hawkins Tim 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIssues pertaining to the medical treatment of children and young people can be both complex and emotive for all involved. At such times the courts may be asked to intervene and decide. Cases invariably need to consider issues of capacity to consent and treatment under best interests. Furthermore, such cases inevitably have human rights aspects. This article analyses the diverse role of the Human Rights Act 1998 in these cases and illustrates key underlying Human Rights Act principles that can be applied in clinical practice.
Advance statements: the view from Scotland† Commentary on … Advance Statements in Adult Mental Health
Authors: Atkinson Jacqueline M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryAdvance statements in Scotland have a specific legal meaning and come into effect when someone is subject to the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003. This Act requires a person being compulsorily treated to have significantly impaired decision-making ability in respect of medical decisions. The advance statement is intended to cover treatment wishes – both refusal and acceptance of treatment. In addition, a personal statement can be made which covers wider issues. There is evidence that in many statements these are being combined, raising questions about what is meant by treatment. Issues of revoking advance statements are also considered.
Early intervention services, cognitive–behavioural therapy and family intervention in early psychosis: systematic review
Authors: Bird Victoria , Premkumar Preethi , Kendall Tim , Whittington Craig , Mitchell Jonathan , Kuipers Elizabeth 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundEarly intervention services for psychosis aim to detect emergent symptoms, reduce the duration of untreated psychosis, and improve access to effective treatments.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of early intervention services, cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and family intervention in early psychosis.MethodSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of early intervention services, CBT and family intervention for people with early psychosis.ResultsEarly intervention services reduced hospital admission, relapse rates and symptom severity, and improved access to and engagement with treatment. Used alone, family intervention reduced relapse and hospital admission rates, whereas CBT reduced the severity of symptoms with little impact on relapse or hospital admission.ConclusionsFor people with early psychosis, early intervention services appear to have clinically important benefits over standard care. Including CBT and family intervention within the service may contribute to improved outcomes in this critical period. The longer-term benefits of this approach and its component treatments for people with early and established psychosis need further research.
Physical activity and common mental disorders
Authors: Harvey Samuel B. , Hotopf Matthew , Øverland Simon , Mykletun Arnstein 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that physical activity may have antidepressant and/or anti-anxiety effects.AimsTo examine the bidirectional relationship between physical activity and common mental disorders and establish the importance of context, type and intensity of activity undertaken.MethodA clinical examination of 40 401 residents of Norway was undertaken. Participants answered questions relating to the frequency and intensity of both leisure-time and workplace activity. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Biological and social data were also collected.ResultsThere was an inverse relationship between the amount of leisure-time physical activity and case-level symptoms of depression. This cross-sectional association was only present with leisure-time (as opposed to workplace) activity and was not dependent on the intensity of activities undertaken. Higher levels of social support and social engagement were important in explaining the relationship between leisure activity and depression. Biological changes such as alterations to parasympathetic vagal tone (resting pulse) and changes to metabolic markers had a less important role.ConclusionsIndividuals who engage in regular leisure-time activity of any intensity are less likely to have symptoms of depression. The context and social benefits of exercise are important in explaining this relationship.