bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On‐site analysis of Limoges enamels from sixteenth to nineteenth centuries: an attempt to differentiate between genuine artefacts and copies
Authors: Kırmızı Burcu , Colomban Philippe , Blanc Monique 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA selection of 15 painted enamels, most of which belong to Limoges productions, from 1500 to 1900 A.D., has been studied on‐site in the storage rooms of musée des Arts décoratifs in Paris. The Raman signatures of the transparent and/or opacified glass matrix are discussed and compared with those which were previously recorded on glazed pottery, enamelled and stained glasses as well as Chinese cloisonné enamels. Analysed enamels mostly belong to soda‐lime‐based glass. Three types of compositions such as soda‐lime (fifteenth to sixteenth century), soda‐rich (fifteenth, sixteenth/nineteenth centuries) and lead‐potash‐lime (sixteenth and nineteenth centuries) are identified on the basis of the Raman signature of the glaze according to the wavenumber maxima of the SiO stretching and bending multiplets. The pigment signatures are similar to those recorded on ceramic glazes and glass enamels, which proves the similarity of the technologies. Cassiterite as an opacifier and hematite red and Naples yellow pigment variations give characteristic Raman signatures. The presence of lead arsenate as a pigment opacifier in nineteenth‐century samples is confirmed. Attempts are made to establish tools for the differentiation between genuine artefacts and nineteenth‐century restoration or fakes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Raman spectroscopy of indium‐based hydrotalcites of formula Mg6In2(CO3)(OH)16· 4H2O
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Palmer Sara J. , Grand Laure‐Marie 
Published: January 2010

AbstractInsight into the unique structure of layered double hydroxides has been obtained using a combination of X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Indium‐containing hydrotalcites of formula Mg4In2(CO3)(OH)12· 4H2O [2:1 In‐LDH (layered double hydroxides)] through to Mg8In2(CO3)(OH)18· 4H2O (4:1 In‐LDH) with variation in the Mg : In ratio have been successfully synthesized. The d(003) spacing varied from 7.83 Å for the 2:1 LDH to 8.15 Å for the 3:1 indium‐containing layered double hydroxide. Raman spectroscopy complemented with selected infrared data has been used to characterize the synthesized indium‐containing layered double hydroxides of formula Mg6In2(CO3)(OH)16· 4H2O. Raman bands observed at around 1058, 1075 and 1115 cm−1 are attributed to the symmetric stretching modes of the CO32− units. Multiple ν3 CO32− antisymmetric stretching modes are found at around 1348, 1373, 1429 and 1488 cm−1 in the infrared spectra. The splitting of this mode indicates that the carbonate anion is in a perturbed state. Raman bands observed at 690 and 700 cm−1 assigned to the ν4 CO32− modes support the concept of multiple carbonate species in the interlayer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SERS EM field enhancement study through fast Raman mapping of Sierpinski carpet arrays
Authors: Hsu Keng H. , Back Ju H. , Fung Kin‐Hung , Ferreira Placid M. , Shim Moonsub , Fang Nicholas X. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSelf‐similar Sierpinski carpet fractals were fabricated using a new nanopatterning technique, i.e. solid‐state superionic stamping (S4), to study the effect of feature size on plasmon‐enhanced Raman scattering. A real‐time Raman image showing electromagnetic (EM) field enhancement contrast is demonstrated. The effects were studied and explained in the context of modes of surface plasmon excitation. Additionally, we find that the EM field enhancement supported by the fractals extends further spatially as compared to continuous Ag surfaces. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐Raman mapping on polished cross sections: a tool to define the penetration depth of conservation treatment on cultural heritage
Authors: Conti C. , Colombo C. , Matteini M. , Realini M. , Zerbi G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNowadays, in order to preserve the surfaces of works of art, several organic and inorganic substances are used. To evaluate the penetration depth and the distribution of these substances inside the materials, it is essential to define the effectiveness of a conservative treatment. Owing to the ambiguous results obtained with the current analytical techniques, the achievement of this aim is critical. This study shows how micro‐Raman mapping on polished cross section is an effective tool capable of investigating the inner portions of the materials. A set of painted plasters has been treated with ammonium oxalate solutions, an inorganic substance widely used for conservation works of carbonatic materials. The micro‐Raman mapping of the lines of the newly formed calcium oxalate allowed correlation of the penetration depth and the distribution of the product inside the specimens with different conditions of treatment. Moreover, a good agreement between micro‐Raman spectroscopy and microscopic techniques has been obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stainless steel multi‐well plate (SS‐MWP) for high‐throughput Raman analysis of dilute solutions
Authors: Ryder Alan G. , Vincentis John De , Li Boyan , Ryan Paul W. , Sirimuthu Narayana M. S. , Leister Kirk J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe use of Raman spectroscopy for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of dilute aqueous solutions is of interest to the biopharmaceutical manufacturing sector. However, the inherent weakness of the Raman effect, coupled with spectral variability due to spurious signals from sample holders, can produce significant problems for chemometric‐based high‐throughput assays. Therefore, there is a need for a multi‐well sample holder that ensures robust and repeatable measurements, in particular from dilute aqueous solutions such as cell culture media. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel, electropolished, stainless steel multi‐well plate (SS‐MWP) sample holder with 96 wells for dilute aqueous solution analysis. A comprehensive study of the spectroscopic behaviour was carried out and comparisons made with multi‐well plates fabricated from polystyrene, polypropylene, and aluminium. A key factor in the validation studies is the use of intrinsically weak Raman scattering systems, e.g. water and dilute glucose solutions. The data collected show that the SS‐MWPs are much superior in terms of robustness, resistance to chemical attack, and measurement reproducibility and as such are the ideal sample holders for Raman analysis of dilute solutions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman studies on nanocomposite silicon carbonitride thin film deposited by r.f. magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arnab Sankar , Mishra Suman Kumari 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRaman studies of nanocomposite SiCN thin film by sputtering showed that with increase of substrate temperature from room temperature to 500 °C, a transition from mostly sp2 graphitic phase to sp3 carbon took place, which was observed from the variation of ID/IG ratio and the peak shifts. This process resulted in the growth of C3N4 and Si3N4 crystallites in the amorphous matrix, which led to increase in hardness (H) and modulus (E) obtained through nanoindentation. However, at a higher temperature of 600 °C, again an increase of sp2 C concentration in the film was observed but the H and E values showed a decrease due to increased growth of the graphitic carbon phase. The whole process got reflected in a modified four‐stage Ferrari–Robertson model of Raman spectroscopy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disorder‐induced Raman scattering effects in one‐dimensional ZnO nanostructures by incorporation and anisotropic distribution of Dy and Li codopants
Authors: Cheng Baochang , Sun Wei , Jiao Jin , Tian Baixiang , Xiao Yanhe , Lei Shuijin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn Dy3+ and Li+ codoped ZnO nanowires, the additives accumulate preferentially in {0001} planes, resulting in serious breakdown of the translational symmetry in ab plane and modification of the phonon oscillation field. Not only acoustic overtones, silent optical modes, surface optical (SO) phonon modes, and multi‐phonon processes can be effectively observed in the nonresonant Raman scattering (RS) and the Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, but the quasi‐LO and TO modes of mixed A1 and E1 symmetry also show a noticeable red shift from E1 symmetry (in ab plane) to A1 symmetry (along c axis). The presence of dislocations and internal strain at the surface layer rich in additives, coming from the segregation of additives, forms a quasi‐bilayer system, resulting in the appearance and enhancement of SO phonon modes in RS and FTIR spectra. The Fano interference, originating from the interaction between the discrete scattering from phonons and the continuum scattering from laser‐induced electrons in the doped nanostructures, leads to typical asymmetric lineshapes on the lower wavenumber sides. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of peptide for selective and sensitive detection of an Anthrax biomarker via peptide recognition and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Ryu Kyungtag , Haes Amanda J. , Park Hye‐Yeon , Nah Sanghee , Kim Joungmok , Chung Hoeil , Yoon Moon‐Young , Han Sung‐Hwan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA short 16‐amino acid peptide has been used in place of an antibody to selectively detect the specific Anthrax biomarker, protective antigen (PA), using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Peptides are more stable than antibodies under various biological conditions and are easily synthesized for a specific target. A peptide that has high affinity to PA was conjugated onto gold nanoparticles along with a Raman reporter and then incubated in various concentrations of PA. Parallel studies in which the peptide sequence was replaced with an antibody were performed to compare the performance of the two methodologies. Both the peptide and antibody functionalized nanoparticles were able to specifically detect PA concentrations down to 6.1 fM. These results demonstrate that these short, robust peptides can be used in the place of traditional antibodies to specifically recognize target biomarkers in the field for the potential diagnosis of disease. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent Raman scattering of KDP:Mn (0.9% weight of Mn) crystal
Authors: Remédios C. M. R. , Paraguassu W. , Saraiva G. D. , Pereira D. P. , de Oliveira P. C. , Freire P. T. C. , Mendes‐Filho J. , Melo F. E. A. , dos Santos A. O. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLow temperature polarized Raman scattering measurements of KDP:Mn (0.9% weight of Mn) were performed at temperatures ranging from 14 to 300 K, over the spectral range 50–1250 cm−1. In the present results we can see that the spectra of undoped and doped samples at room temperature are very different. Doped samples maintain the KDP structure as tetragonal, with the same factor group D2d but with a different class of the space group, different from the original 12. The results show that the crystal undergoes a phase transition at temperature between 115 and 97 K, which is much lower than the phase transition temperature of undoped KDP that occurs at 122 K, where the crystal changes from the para‐electric to the ferroelectric phase. Further, at very low temperature (14 K) we can see that the spectra of KDP:Mn (0.9% weight of Mn) present a behavior very different from the behavior presented by the spectra of KDP doped with low Mn concentration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excitation energy dependence of Raman bands in multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Soin N. , Roy S. S. , Ray S. C. , McLaughlin J. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractVertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown on 1‐ and 3‐nm cobalt (Co) films, at various growth times by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique and their microstructural properties were analyzed with the help of Raman spectra that were obtained from different sources of laser excitation energies (EL: 2.41, 1.96 and 1.58 eV). The variation of D and G band positions in MWCNTs grown on 1‐ and 3‐nm Co films follows a similar behavior, and an anomalous behavior was observed in the EL dependence of the D′‐band wavenumber. In the second‐order spectra, the G′ band varied strongly according to structure with the laser excitation energy (EL). The ID/IG ratio decreased with the increase of EL for all MWCNTs; however, for a fixed EL, the ID/IG dispersion is higher at lower EL. The crystallite sizes were estimated using IDIG and EL. We have shown that, for all MWCNTs, ID/IG ratio is inversely proportional to $E_{L}^{4}$. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman and IR spectra of noncentrosymmetric Bi0.21La0.91Sc2.88(BO3)4 single crystal with the huntite‐type structure
Authors: Ma̧czka M. , Pietraszko A. , Hanuza J. , Majchrowski A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSingle crystals of optical nonlinear borate, Bi0.21La0.91Sc2.88(BO3)4, were grown and polarized Raman and IR spectra were recorded for this material at room temperature. The spectra have been discussed on the factor group approach for the trigonal R32 (D37) space group with Z = 3. The assignment of the observed bands to the respective internal and lattice modes is proposed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The design of a peptide linker group to enhance the SERS signal intensity of an atto680 dye‐nanoparticle system
Authors: Drake Philip , Chang Hong‐Wen , Lin Yuh‐Jiuan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) spectra of three modified atto680 dyes were recorded using Au nanoparticles and an excitation laser operating at 670 nm. The dyes were modified with linker groups based on the small peptides, Cys, Cys–Gly and Cys–Gly–Gly. The Cys thiol group acted as the coupling point to the Au surface and the Gly NH2 group used to attach the dye. The maximum signal was recorded for the Cys–Gly linker. This gave a signal intensity for the 577 cm−1 Raman peak of the atto680 dye that was more than 27 times greater than the unmodified dye. The Au nanoparticles used had a diameter of 49.8 ± 1.2 nm and were synthesised by the citrate reduction method. The Raman dye‐AuNP probes were also used in an immunoassay to detect mouse IgG in the femto mole range. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge‐transfer behavior of polyaniline single wall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites monitored by resonance Raman spectroscopy
Authors: do Nascimento Gustavo M. , Silva Tilana B. , Corio Paola , Dresselhaus Mildred S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHighly dispersed nanocomposites of polyaniline(PANI) and oxidized single wall carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) have been prepared using dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as dispersant. The materials were characterized via resonance Raman and electronic absorption spectroscopies. The behavior of the composites as a function of the applied potential was also investigated using in situ Raman electrochemical measurements. The results obtained at Elaser = 1.17 eV suggest that a charge‐transfer process occur between PANI and semiconducting nanotubes for samples where the metallic tubes are previously oxidized. The spectroelectrochemical data show that the presence of SWNTs prevents the oxidation of PANI rings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polarized Raman mapping study of the microheterogeneity in 0.67PbMg1/3 Nb2/3O3‐0.33PbTiO3 single crystal
Authors: Yang Y. , Liu Y. L. , Zhang L. Y. , Zhu K. , Ma S. Y. , Siu G. G. , Xu Z. K. , Luo H. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolarized micro‐Raman spectroscopy was carried out on the (001) face of a 0.67PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3‐33%PbTiO3 (PMN‐33%PT) single crystal. The Raman images revealed the spatial variations of the intensity of the Raman bands, suggesting that the structure in the PMN‐33%PT single crystal varied from one micro‐area to another. When changing the polarization direction of the incident light with respect to the selected crystalline axes, the intensities of the Raman modes varied periodically. According to the Raman selection rules (RSRs), the angular dependences of the Raman modes indicated that the PMN‐33%PT single crystal is in the monoclinic phase. Furthermore, the color patterns in the Raman images were associated with the coexistence of the MA‐ and MC‐type monoclinic phases in the PMN‐33%PT single crystal. Our results provide useful information for understanding the microheterogeneity of the relaxor PMN‐xPT single crystals with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The performance of the Slovenian hotel industry: evaluation post‐privatisation
Authors: Assaf A. , Cvelbar Ljubica Knežević 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study analyses the technical efficiency of Slovenian hotels using the data envelopment analysis method. Multiple inputs and outputs are included in the analysis, ranging over the period 2005–2007. The results reveal an increase in efficiency over the period analysed. The results also confirm that factors such as the hotel's year in business, star rating and size are positively related to efficiency variations between hotels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermosetting Maleimide/Isobutene Alternating Copolymer as a New Class of Transparent Materials
Authors: Takeda Kyota , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe synthesized an alternating copolymer of N‐allylmaleimide (AMI) and isobutene (IB) [poly(AMI‐alt‐IB)] as a new class of thermosetting polymers by the free radical copolymerization process. The reactivity of the maleimide group of the AMI monomer was evaluated to be 103 times higher than that of the N‐allyl group based on the results for the ternary copolymerization system composed of N‐methylmaleimide (MMI), N‐allylphthalimide (AP), and IB. The maleimide moiety exclusively participated in the propagation during the copolymerization of AMI with IB, resulting in the formation of the soluble poly(AMI‐alt‐IB). The copolymer included an alternating repeating structure consisting of maleimide and IB units in the main chain and the unreacted allyl group in the side chain. The onset temperature of the decomposition for poly(AMI‐alt‐IB) was over 400 °C in a nitrogen stream. The transparent cast film of poly(AMI‐alt‐IB) was readily cured upon heating without any catalyst.magnified image
Cornet‐Like Phosphotriazine/Diamine Polymers as Reductant and Matrix for the Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites with Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Dallas Panagiotis , Zboril Radek , Bourlinos Athanasios B. , Jancik Dalibor , Niarchos Dimitrios , Panacek Ales , Petridis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of silver nanoparticles attached on the surface of a hollow cornet‐like polymer matrix which served as a reductant and host matrix is described. This hybrid organic/inorganic macromolecular matrix is exhibiting anion‐exchange properties, porous structure and hollow morphologies, and absorptions in the visible light region. Due to the anion‐exchange property and the 3D orientation of the macromolecular chains the material is defining a new functional organic/inorganic hybrid. For the synthesis of nanoparticles, no other reducing agents were used and silver nanoparticles with a mean diameter of less than 20 nm were attached on the surface of the polymer, thus inheriting the composite with high antibacterial activity tested in bacterial strains and yeasts.magnified image
SAXS Characterization of New Nanocomposites Based on Epoxy Resin/Siloxane/MMA/Acrylic Acid Hybrid Materials
Authors: Zaioncz Soraia , Dahmouche Karim , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEpoxy anhydride networks were modified with Siloxane/PMMA hybrid materials, obtained from sol/gel method. The effects of thermal annealing of the Siloxane/PMMA hybrids and of the hybrid composition on the nanostructure of the epoxy network were investigated by means of SAXS. The composites containing Siloxane/PMMA materials with low amount of MMA present a hierarchical nanostructure whose first level is made of siloxane nanoparticles spatially correlated in the matrix forming larger secondary hybrid aggregates. Small amounts of hybrid material decrease the glass temperature of the composite, but increase the storage modulus, indicating its nanoreinforcing action.magnified image
Microphase Separation of Block Copolymer Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Jilin , Yu Xinhong , Yang Ping , Peng Juan , Luo Chunxia , Huang Weihuan , Han Yanchun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractToday, high‐ordered micro‐ and nano‐patterned surfaces are widely used in many areas, such as in the preparation of super‐thin dielectric films, photonic crystals, antireflective films, super‐non‐wetting surfaces, bio‐compatible surfaces and microelectric devices. Considering the critical fabrication conditions and the irreducible high cost of the photolithography technique in patterning nano‐scale structures (<100 nm), the development of other micro‐ and nano‐patterning techniques that can be used to fabricate long‐range ordered features – especially nanoscale arrays – is a promising subject in surface science. In contrast to the traditional photolithography patterning technique, block copolymers can spontaneously phase separate into arrays of periodic patterns with length‐scales of 10–50 nm, which provides an efficient pathway to pattern nanoscale features. Today, preparing long‐range ordered arrays by block copolymer microphase separation is one of the most promising techniques for the fabrication of nanoscale arrays, not only being a simple process but also having a lower cost than traditional methods. In this feature article, we first summarize the many techniques developed to induce ordering in the microphase separation of the block copolymer thin films. Then, evolution, order–order transitions and reversible switching microdomains are considered, since they are very important in the ordered engineering of microphase separation of the block copolymer thin films. Finally, the outlook of this research area will be given.magnified image
A new classification system for muscle and nerve preservation in DIEP flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Lee Bernard T. , Chen Chen , Nguyen Minh‐Doan , Lin Samuel J. , Tobias Adam M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe main advantage of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction is muscle preservation. Perforating vessels, however, display anatomic variability and intraoperative decisions must balance flap perfusion with muscle or nerve sacrifice. Studies that aggregate DIEP flap reconstruction may not accurately reflect the degree of rectus preservation. At Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center from 2004–2009, 446 DIEP flaps were performed for breast reconstruction. Flaps were divided into three categories: DIEP‐1, no muscle or nerve sacrifice (126 flaps); DIEP‐2, segmental nerve sacrifice and minimal muscle sacrifice (244 flaps); DIEP‐3, perforator harvest from both the medial and lateral row, segmental nerve sacrifice and central muscle sacrifice (76 flaps). Although the rate of abdominal bulge was similar among groups, fat necrosis was significantly higher in DIEP‐1 when compared with DIEP‐3 flaps (19.8% vs. 9.2%, P = 0.049). We describe a DIEP flap classification system and operative techniques to minimize muscle and nerve sacrifice. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.