bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jugular and vagal paragangliomas: Systematic study of management with surgery and radiotherapy
Authors: Suárez Carlos , Rodrigo Juan P. , Bödeker Carsten C. , Llorente José L. , Silver Carl E. , Jansen Jeroen C. , Takes Robert P. , Strojan Primoẑ , Pellitteri Phillip K. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Mendenhall William M. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe definitive treatment for head and neck paraganglioma (PG) is surgical excision. Unfortunately, surgery, particularly of vagal paraganglioma (VPG; “glomus vagale”) and foramen jugulare (“glomus jugulare”) tumors, may be complicated by injuries to the lower cranial nerves, a high price to pay for treatment for a benign tumor. Alternatively these tumors may be followed without treatment, or irradiated. The purpose of this review was to compare the existing evidence concerning the efficacy and safety of surgery, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), for jugular paragangliomas (JPGs) and VPGs.MethodsRelevant articles were reviewed using strict criteria for systematic searches. Forty‐one surgical studies met the criteria which included 1310 patients. Twenty articles including 461 patients treated with EBRT, and 14 radiosurgery studies comprising 261 patients were also evaluated. Results were compared between treatment modalities using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests.ResultsA total of 1084 patients with JPGs and 226 VPGs were treated with different surgical procedures. Long‐term control of the disease was achieved in 78.2% and 93.3% of patients, respectively. A total of 715 patients with JPG were treated with radiotherapy: 461 with EBRT and 254 with SRS. Control of the disease with both methods was obtained in 89.1% and 93.7% of the patients, respectively. The treatment outcomes of a JPG treated with surgery or radiotherapy were compared. Tumor control failure, major complication rates, and the number of cranial nerve palsies after treatment were significantly higher in surgical than in radiotherapy series. The results of SRS and EBRT in JPGs were compared and no significant differences were observed in tumor control. Because only 1 article reported on the treatment of 10 VPGs with radiotherapy, no comparisons with surgery could be made. Nevertheless, the vagus nerve was functionally preserved in only 11 of 254 surgically treated patients (4.3%).ConclusionThere is evidence that EBRT and SRS offer a similar chance of tumor control with lower risks of morbidity compared with surgery in patients with JPGs. Although the evidence is based on retrospective studies, these results suggest that surgery should be considered only for selected cases, but the decision should be individual for every patient. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Isocyanide‐Based Five‐Component Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2‐(2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2,4‐dioxo‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐3‐yl)acetamides (=α‐Aryl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2,4‐dioxo‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐3‐acetamides)
Authors: Akbarzadeh Roya , Amanpour Tayebeh , Soorki Ali Abolhasani , Bazgir Ayoob 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn efficient and simple method for the synthesis of new 2‐aryl‐2‐(2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2,4‐dioxo‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐3‐yl)acetamides (=α‐aryl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2,4‐dioxo‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐3‐acetamides) by a five‐component condensation reaction of benzene‐1,2‐diamine (1), Meldrum's acid (2), aldehydes 3, isocyanides 4, and H2O in CH2Cl2 at room temperature is reported (Table 1 and Scheme 2). These products were evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activities (Table 2).
Regioselective Arylation and Alkynylation of 2,3‐Dibromo‐1H‐inden‐1‐one by SuzukiMiyaura and Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Khera Rasheed Ahmad , Hussain Munawar , Hung Nguyen Thai , Eleya Nadi , Feist Holger , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSuzukiMiyaura reactions of 2,3‐dibromo‐1H‐inden‐1‐one afforded a wide range of arylated 1H‐inden‐1‐ones. Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions gave alkynylated indenones. The reactions proceeded with very good regioselectivity in the less sterically hindered and more electron‐deficient position 3.
Two 1,3‐Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐enes with a ‘Tripod’ Core
Authors: Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Tabatabaeian Khalil , Kiyani Hamzeh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe photochromic 1,3‐diazabiclyclo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐enes 5 and 6 were synthesized from two premade tris‐aldehydes and two premade aziridinyl ketones and characterized (Scheme 1). Their spectra showed structurephotochromic behavior relationships (SPBR), which were analyzed.
Sensitivity of snowmelt hydrology in Marmot Creek, Alberta, to forest cover disturbance
Authors: Pomeroy John , Fang Xing , Ellis Chad 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA model including slope effects on snow redistribution, interception and energetics was developed using the Cold Regions Hydrological Model platform, parameterized with minimal calibration and manipulated to simulate the impacts of forest disturbance on mountain hydrology. A total of 40 forest disturbance scenarios were compared with the current land cover for four simulation years. Disturbance scenarios ranged from the impact of pine beetle kill of lodgepole pine to clear‐cutting of north‐ or south‐facing slopes, forest fire and salvage logging. Pine beetle impacts were small in all cases with increases in snowmelt volume of less than 10% and streamflow volume of less than 2%. This small impact is attributed to the low and relatively dry elevations of lodgepole pine forests in the basin. Forest disturbances due to fire and clear‐cutting affected much larger areas and higher elevations of the basin and were generally more than twice as effective as pine beetle in increasing snowmelt or streamflow. For complete forest cover removal by burning and salvage logging, a 45% increase in snowmelt volume was simulated; however, this only translated into a 5% increase in spring and summer streamflow volume. Forest burning with the retention of standing burned trunks was the most effective forest cover treatment for increasing streamflow (up to 8%) because of its minimizing of winter snow sublimation losses from interception and blowing snow. However, increases in streamflow volumes were almost entirely due to reductions in intercepted snow sublimation with decreasing canopy coverage. Peak daily streamflow discharges responded more strongly to forest cover disturbance than did seasonal streamflow volumes, with increases of almost 25% in peak streamflow from the removal of forest canopy by fire and the retention of standing burned trunks. Peak flow was most effectively increased by forest removal on south‐facing slopes and level sites. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the matrix metalloproteinase gene family and the frequency and duration of gastroesophageal reflux disease influence the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cheung Winson Y. , Zhai Rihong , Bradbury Penny , Hopkins Jessica , Kulke Matthew H. , Heist Rebecca S. , Asomaning Kofi , Ma Clement , Xu Wei , Wang Zhaoxi , Hooshmand Suzanne , Su Li , Christiani David C. , Liu Geoffrey 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteins mediates various cellular pathways, including apoptosis and angiogenesis. Polymorphisms of MMP genes are associated with increased esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) risk. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an established EAC risk factor. We examined whether MMP polymorphism‐EAC risk is modified by GERD. In total, 309 EAC patients and 279 frequency‐matched healthy controls underwent MMP1 1G/2G, MMP3 6A/5A, MMP12 −82A/G and MMP12 1082A/G genotyping. Questionnaires collected GERD history. EAC risk was analyzed using logistic regression, adjusted for key covariates and stratified by GERD. Joint effects models explored GERD severity and duration, whereas additional models explored genotype–GERD interactions in EAC risk. We determined that each MMP1 and MMP3 minor (variant) allele was independently associated with increased EAC risk (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–5.1, p < 0.001 and AOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.7, p = 0.01, respectively) only among those with GERD but not in GERD‐free individuals (all p = nonsignificant). There were significant interactions between the MMP1 variants and the presence of GERD (p = 0.002) and between MMP3 variants and GERD (p = 0.04). There was an equally strong interaction between cumulative GERD severity and MMP1 (p = 0.002). The AOR of each variant allele was 14.9 (95% CI 1.6–136) for individuals with severe GERD, 1.7 (95% CI 1.0–2.7) for mild‐moderate GERD and 0.98 (95% CI 0.7–1.4) for those without GERD. This was further reflected in separate analyses of frequency and duration of GERD. In conclusion, MMP1
1G/2G (and possibly MMP3 6A/5A) polymorphisms alter EAC risk differentially for GERD and GERD‐free individuals.
NONLINEARITY, MACROECONOMIC FACTORS AND THE DOLLAR‐STERLING REAL EXCHANGE RATE
Authors: Kim Hyeyoen 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTUsing recently proposed econometric methods for summarising very large macroeconomic data sets into a small number of observable factors, we investigate the dollar‐sterling real exchange rate in the factor‐incorporated nonlinear framework. We have shown that the large information contained nonlinear model can improve the out‐of‐sample forecasting performance. The accuracy of predictability is examined by the statistical significance of Clark and West (2007) test, which adjusts the downward bias of difference of error terms in nested models. The superior result of out‐of‐sample forecasting of factor model to univariate one and random walk suggests that the poor out‐of‐sample forecasting performance in the existing empirical literature may result from a failure properly to allow for the wide range of macroeconomic influences on the equilibrium real exchange rate. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minority HIV‐1 resistant variants in recent infection and in patients who failed first‐line antiretroviral therapy with no detectable resistance‐associated mutations in Thailand
Authors: Le Nguyen Hai , Pitakpolrat Patrawadee , Sirivichayakul Sunee , Delaugerre Constance , Ruxrungtham Kiat 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThrough the Thai National AIDS Program, approximately 200,000 patients infected with HIV are on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Although studies have shown low prevalence of primary HIV‐1 resistance transmission in Thailand and in Southeast Asia where subtype CRF01_AE is predominant, minority HIV‐1 drug resistance has not been studied. Two groups of patients, whose conventional genotyping results showed no drug resistance‐associated mutations, were investigated: 104 homosexual men recently infected with HIV‐1, naïve to ARV treatment and 22 first‐line non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based failure patients. Pyrosequencing (PSQ) assay was developed to detect and quantify minority Y181C and M184V variants from the patients' plasma samples. The sensitivity of PSQ to detect minority Y181C and M184V variants was approximately 1%. 1/104 (0.5%) and 3/101 (3%) samples were found harboring Y181C and M184V in the group of homosexual men recently infected with HIV‐1. In patients with first‐line treatment failure, one had a minority M184V mutation (4.5%). The prevalence of Y181C and M184V minority variants in homosexual men recently infected and naïve to treatment was low in Thailand. Systematic monitoring of primary resistance transmission in Thailand and this region is essential to guide whether genotypic resistance test is required prior to commencing the first‐line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). J. Med. Virol. 84:713–720, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus promotes expression of the 3β‐hydroxysterol δ24‐reductase through Sp1
Authors: Saito Makoto , Kohara Michinori , Tsukiyama‐Kohara Kyoko 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes chronic infection, which often causes hepatocellular carcinoma. Overexpression of 3β‐hydroxysterol Δ24‐reductase (DHCR24) by HCV has been shown to impair the p53‐mediated cellular response, resulting in tumorigenesis. In the present study, the molecular mechanism by which HCV promotes the expression of DHCR24 was investigated. A significant increase in DHCR24 mRNA transcription was observed in a cell line expressing complete HCV genome, whereas no significant difference in the expression of DHCR24 was seen in cell lines expressing individual viral proteins. The 5′‐flanking genomic region of DHCR24 was characterized to explore the genomic region and host factor(s) involved in the transcriptional regulation of DHCR24. As a result, the HCV response element (−167/−140) was identified, which contains AP‐2α, MZF‐1, and Sp1 binding motifs. The binding affinity of the host factor to this response element was increased in nuclear extracts from cells infected with HCV and corresponded with augmented affinity of Sp1. Both mithramycin A (Sp1 inhibitor) and small interfering RNA targeting Sp1 prevented the binding of host factors to the response element. Silencing of Sp1 also downregulated the increased expression of DHCR24. The binding affinity of Sp1 to the response element was augmented by oxidative stress, whereas upregulation of DHCR24 in cells expressing HCV was blocked significantly by a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Elevated phosphorylation of Sp1 in response to oxidative stress was mediated by the ATM kinase. Thus, activation of Sp1 by oxidative stress is involved in the promotion of expression of DHCR24 by HCV. J. Med. Virol. 84:733–746, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review: Antibodies to cutaneous human papillomaviruses
Authors: Antonsson Annika 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small double‐stranded DNA viruses that infect the epithelia of skin or mucosa. Cutaneous HPV is ubiquitous and many children have skin warts at some stage during childhood and a high proportion of the adult population have asymptomatic skin HPV infections. While a subset of mucosal HPV types are involved in cervical cancer, the role for cutaneous HPV types in skin cancer is still under debate. There is some evidence that the skin HPV types have mechanisms to induce skin cancer, but the role of HPV infection has never been proved in larger epidemiological studies and is not well understood. Cutaneous HPV serology has been employed more commonly during the last decade to help find a link between cutaneous HPV and skin cancer. This review covers the findings from cutaneous HPV serology studies published during the last decade and discusses differences in seroprevalence and risk factors. J. Med. Virol. 84:814–822, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The interleukin 28B rs12979860 C/T polymorphism and serum cholesterol as predictors of fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and persistently normal transaminases
Authors: Fabris Carlo , Falleti Edmondo , Cussigh Annarosa , Bitetto Davide , Fontanini Elisabetta , Colletta Cosimo , Vandelli Carmen , Cmet Sara , Ceriani Elisa , Smirne Carlo , Toniutto Pierluigi , Pirisi Mario 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe interleukin 28B (IL‐28B) rs12979860 C/T polymorphism is a predictor of spontaneous and treatment‐induced hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. The C/C genotype is associated with higher serum cholesterol, predictor of a favorable outcome in chronic hepatitis C. Whether IL‐28B polymorphism and serum cholesterol play a role in modulating the history of mild hepatitis C is unknown. To clarify this issue, 93 untreated patients infected with HCV with normal or near‐normal transaminases and an initial Ishak staging score ≤1 were investigated retrospectively in the longitudinal study (median histological follow‐up of 10 years). An additional confirmatory cohort of 143 patients with chronic HCV infection and abnormal levels of transaminases was evaluated in the cross‐sectional study. In the longitudinal study, at the end of follow‐up, Ishak staging scores progressed more frequently among carriers of a T/* allele who had a baseline serum cholesterol ≤175 mg/dl than in remaining patients: 6/36 (change ≤0), 15/45 (change 1–2), 6/12 (change ≥3), improvement chi‐square P < 0.02, OR 3.1, 95% C.I. 1.3–7.7. In the cross‐sectional study, the frequency of patients carrying the T/T genotype or serum cholesterol values ≤175 mg/dl increased starting from those with a staging score ≤2 (36/76, 47.4%), to those with a staging score of 3–4 (26/41, 63.4%) and to those with a staging score of 5–6 (20/26, 76.9%, P < 0.01 for linear trend). In conclusion, the interaction between IL‐28B rs12979860 T/T genotype and low serum cholesterol concentration is an independent predictor of a worse disease course among patients infected with HCV with normal or near‐normal transaminases. J. Med. Virol. 84:747–755, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic analysis of hepatitis A virus variants circulating among children presenting with acute diarrhea in Cameroon
Authors: Forbi Joseph C. , Agwale Simon M. , Ndip Lucy M. , Esona Mathew D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMolecular investigation was undertaken of circulating hepatitis A virus (HAV) associated with cases of acute diarrhea among children under 5 years of age in Kumba–Cameroon. Reverse transcription PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of a 371 bp segment of the VP1/P2A junction of six isolates obtained from stool samples showed the exclusive emergence of genetically related HAV subgenotype IA. All the isolates clustered within a unique lineage exhibiting a 99.5% nucleotide identity suggesting infection from a common source. The Cameroonian HAV isolates did not intermix or cluster with those from other regions of Africa and the rest of the world. Tajima's neutralization tests using the six sequences suggested HAV/IA population expansion (D = −1.37;P = 0.016). This is the first description of indigenous HAV genotypes circulating in Cameroon revealing a community‐wide spread and predominance of HAV/1A infection in the Kumba area. These findings stress the need for routine molecular tracking of HAV infection as a contributory cause of acute diarrhea in Cameroonian children. J. Med. Virol. 84:728–732, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epstein–Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Los Angeles County
Authors: Kelesidis Theodoros , Humphries Romney , Terashita Dawn , Eshaghian Shahrooz , Territo Mary C. , Said Jonathan , Lewinski Michael , Currier Judith S. , Pegues David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractData on Epstein–Barr virus‐related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV‐HLH) in adults in the United States remain very limited. A cluster of four cases of EBV‐HLH was observed in a 4‐month period at a tertiary center in Los Angeles County (LA County) and the clinical and molecular characteristics identified in these cases are being described. EBV typing, immunophenotypic and molecular genetic studies were performed. Diagnostic criteria that may be used to identify EBV as a cause of HLH in adults are also being suggested. Finally, the crude incidence rate for HLH in LA County was determined and was compared to the worldwide crude incidence rate for HLH. The cases each occurred in young male adult residents of California and were associated with evidence of EBV reactivation and ferritin levels of >20,000 µg/L. A higher rate of cases of EBV‐HLH in 2010 was found at UCLA Medical Center than for 2007–2009 (4.9/10,000 hospital discharges vs. 0.14/10,000 hospital discharges, respectively; P = 0.0017). The cases were associated with EBV type 1, and the insertion of the codon CTC (leucine) was found in numerous of the EBNA‐2 gene sequences. The annual incidence of secondary, non‐familial HLH was estimated to be 0.9 cases per million persons >15 years of age in LA County. Although EBV‐HLH is a rare disease, the incidence in adults in Western countries may be underestimated. J. Med. Virol. 84:777–785, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spontaneous firing and evoked responses of spinal nociceptive neurons are attenuated by blockade of P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors in inflamed rats
Authors: Xu Jun , Chu Katharine L. , Brederson Jill‐Desiree , Jarvis Michael F. , McGaraughty Steve 
Published: March 2012

AbstractP2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors are selectively expressed on primary afferent nociceptors and have been implicated in modulating nociception in different models of pathological pain, including inflammatory pain. In an effort to delineate further the role of P2X3 receptors (homomeric and heteromeric) in the modulation of nociceptive transmission after a chronic inflammation injury, A‐317491, a potent and selective P2X3–P2X2/3 antagonist, was administered to CFA‐inflamed rats in order to examine its effects on responses of spinal dorsal horn neurons to mechanical and thermal stimulation. Systemic injection of A‐317491 (30 μmol/kg, i.v.) reduced the responses of wide‐dynamic‐range (WDR) and nociceptive specific (NS) neurons to both high‐intensity mechanical (pinch) and heat (49°C) stimulation. A‐317491 also decreased low‐intensity (10 g von Frey hair) mechanically evoked activity of WDR neurons but did not alter WDR neuronal responses to cold stimulation (5°C). Spontaneous firing of WDR neurons in CFA‐inflamed rats was also significantly attenuated by A‐317491 injection. By using immunohistochemistry, P2X3 receptors were demonstrated to be enhanced in lamina II of the spinal dorsal horn after inflammation. In summary, blockade of P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors dampens mechanical‐ and heat‐related signaling, as well as nonevoked activity of key classes of spinal nociceptive neurons in inflamed animals. These data suggest that P2X3 and/or P2X2/3 receptors have a broad contribution to somatosensory/nociceptive transmission in rats with a chronic inflammatory injury and are consistent with previous behavioral data demonstrating antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of receptor antagonists. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective laser vaporization of polypropylene mesh used in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse: Preliminary studies using a red diode laser
Authors: Burks David , Rosenbury Sarah B. , Kennelly Michael J. , Fried Nathaniel M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe most common mesh‐related complication experienced by patients undergoing transvaginal polypropylene synthetic slings for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and transvaginal pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair with mesh is vaginal mesh erosion. More than half of the patients who experience erosion from synthetic mesh require surgical excision which is technically challenging and risks damage to healthy adjacent tissue. This study explores selective laser vaporization of polypropylene suture/mesh materials commonly used in SUI and POP.Materials and MethodsA compact, 7 Watt, 647‐nm, red diode laser was operated with a radiant exposure of 81 J/cm2, pulse duration of 100 milliseconds, and 1.0‐mm‐diameter laser spot. The 647‐nm wavelength was selected because its absorption by water, hemoglobin, and other tissue chromophores is low, while polypropylene absorption is high. Laser vaporization of ∼200‐µm‐diameter polypropylene suture/mesh strands, in contact with fresh urinary tissue samples was performed, ex vivo. Temperature mapping of suture/mesh samples with a thermal camera was also conducted.ResultsSelective vaporization of polypropylene suture and mesh using a single laser pulse was achieved with peak temperatures of 180 and 232°C, respectively, while direct laser irradiation of tissue alone resulted in only a 1°C temperature increase.ConclusionsSelective laser vaporization of polypropylene suture/mesh materials is feasible without significant thermal elevation in the adjacent tissue. This technique may be useful for treatment of eroded mesh after SUI or POP procedures that require surgical revision. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:325–329, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.