bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pleomorphic Calcifications, Tumor Markers, and Response to Therapy.
Authors: DeLeonardis C. , Lodhi A. , Le-Petross H. , Singh B. , Krishnamurthy S. , Lucci A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
IntroductionMany breast cancers are initially identified by pleomorphic calcifications (PC) on mammography (MG). We hypothesized that presence of PC correlates with primary tumor markers and with response to systemic therapy.MethodsMammograms of women with Stage I-III breast cancer were evaluated for the presence of PC. Only patients with biopsy proven invasive carcinoma in association with PC were included. Primary tumor markers (ER, PgR, and HER2) were determined in the standard manner at the time of core biopsy and correlated with presence or absence of PC on MG. We also evaluated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), based on data showing a role in tumor progression and possible interaction with HER2 and/or ER. Primary tumors were immunostained with an anti-COX2 monoclonal antibody, and staining of ≥ 5% or more of tumor cells was considered as positive. For response to therapy analyses, complete pathologic response (pCR) was defined as lack of any residual invasive disease in primary tumor and regional lymph nodes. We used chi-square and Fischer's exact test for the statistical analysis.ResultsWe prospectively enrolled 239 patients. Median age was 51.2 years and the median follow up was 26 months. Pleomorphic calcifications were more often found in HER2 positive patients (22/37) vs. HER2 negative (71/202), P = 0.005, as well as in COX2 positive patients (28/57), P = 0.044. There were no significant associations between PC and ER or PgR. PC were less prevalent in triple receptor negative patients (11/55)[20%] as compared to receptor positive patients (84/188), P = 0.001. We found PC predicted DCIS to be associated with invasive cancers (27/51)[53%] compared to those who showed no DCIS associated with their invasive breast cancer (57/157) [36%] (P=0.035).When evaluating response to therapy, patients with PC on MG were more likely to have a pCR (6/18) [33%] as compared to those who showed absence of pleomorphic calcifications (2/34)[ 6%], following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, P= 0.015.ConclusionsPleomorphic calcifications were significantly associated with HER2 and COX2 positive primary tumors. Patients with PC were also more likely to have a pCR after systemic therapy. Information regarding PC on MG may be helpful in predicting tumor marker status and response to therapy.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2027.
Effect of 21-Gene Recurrence Score Results on Treatment Recommendations in Patients with Lymph Node-Positive, Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.
Authors: Oratz R. , Chao C. , Skrzypczak S. , Kim B. , Kim B. , Broder M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Results of recent Oncotype DX® studies indicate that the Recurrence Score (RS) can identify node-positive, estrogen receptor-positive (N+/ER+) patients who may not benefit from chemotherapy and have a low risk of distant recurrence with hormonal therapy alone. Based on these results, the Oncotype DX® breast cancer assay has been ordered for N+/ER+ patients. There are no data, however, on the impact of the assay on adjuvant treatment planning in N+ patients. We performed a survey to characterize the effect of the Oncotype DX® breast cancer assay on adjuvant treatment recommendations in N+/ER+ breast cancer.Methods: U.S. medical oncologists (N=1,017) who ordered Oncotype DX® for at least 1 patient with N+/ER+ breast cancer were contacted and asked to complete a web-based survey regarding the single most recent N+/ER+ patient for whom the Oncotype DX® assay was ordered. The survey was developed through cognitive interviews with four medical oncologists, and the protocol was institutional review board approved.Results: We analyzed surveys from 160 individual physicians for 160 N+/ER+ patients. Physicians were in community practices (71%) more often than in academic practice settings, they were equally dispersed geographically, and they had a median of 11 years (range, 1–45) of practice experience. The median patient age was 61 years (range, 34–82), and 79% were postmenopausal. T1, T2, or T3 disease was reported in 62%, 35%, and 3% of patients, respectively (unknown in 1 patient). One, two, three, or 4+ nodes were reported in 69%, 18%, 6%, and 3%, respectively (unknown in 8 patients). Fifty-four percent of N+/ER+ patients had an RS &lt;18; 38% had an RS of 18–30; and 8% had an RS ≥31. Before obtaining the RS, chemotherapy was planned in 89 patients (56%), endocrine therapy was planned in 46 patients (29%), there was no recommendation for 22 patients (14%), and other treatments for 3 patients (1%). After obtaining the RS, recommended treatment changed from hormonal therapy plus chemotherapy to hormonal therapy alone in 48 patients (35%) and from hormonal therapy to hormonal therapy plus chemotherapy in 14 patients (10%).Discussion: These findings indicate that for N+/ER+ patients, the RS score is used more often (but not exclusively) in patients with 1–3 positive nodes and T1 or T2 stage disease. Treatment recommendations for these patients with N+ disease were frequently changed by the RS results, with an overall reduction in the recommendation for chemotherapy treatment.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2031.
A Functional Metagene Incorporating TTK Protein Kinase, Aurora Kinase B and Glucosylceramide Synthase Predicts Response to Treatment in Primary Breast Cancer.
Authors: Juul N. , Eklund A. , Li Q. , Downward J. , Burrell R. , Szallasi Z. , Szallasi Z. , Swanton C. , Swanton C. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Deriving robust gene expression signatures from microarray data that predict response to a given chemotherapeutic treatment has been hindered due to over-fitting of data. To overcome this problem, we have taken the approach to combine genes known to be functionally involved in drug response into a “functional metagene” to predict pathological complete response to treatment in primary breast cancer.Using published functional genomics RNA interference data and microarray datasets we identified 46 genes that alter paclitaxel sensitivity in laboratory cell line models and are also measured by the U133A microarray platform. In order to filter genes into a functional metagene with a putative role in taxane response in breast cancer, we addressed whether the expression of these genes was predictive of pathological complete response in a primary breast cancer clinical dataset treated with taxane, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (TFAC). We identified two genes, TTK protein kinase and aurora kinase B, which showed increased expression in responders, and one gene, glucosylceramide synthase, which showed decreased expression in responders (P &lt; 0.001, AUC &gt; 0.7, all 3 genes). We then combined these three genes into a functional metagene which we tested in a validation clinical trial cohort that had also received TFAC. We found that the functional metagene robustly predicted pCR in the validation clinical trial cohort (P &lt; 0.001, AUC = 0.8). These data suggest a relevance of ceramide metabolism and the expression of kinases that sense tension across the sister chromatid pair in determining response to taxane combination chemotherapy schedules in vivo. We believe that this approach of using functional genomics in combination with gene expression datasets will improve the prediction of therapeutic response in cancer medicine.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2032.
Evaluation of the Predictive Value of IGF-IRa, IGF-IRb, UPA, and PAI-1 in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC) Treated with Trastuzumab.
Authors: Kostopoulos I. , Karayannopoulou G. , Bobos M. , Skarlos D. , Briassoulis E. , Koutras A. , Pectasides D. , Linardou H. , Razis E. , Matsiakou F. , Kalogeras K. , Fountzilas G. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: It has been shown that the HER2 and uPA/PAI-1 pathways independently affect the aggressive behavior of breast tumors. While HER2 positive patients have been shown to respond to trastuzumab, the role of uPA and PAI-1 in patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) treated with trastuzumab is unclear, while the IGF-IR pathway appears to mediate resistance to trastuzumab.Material and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples were retrospectively collected from 138 patients with ABC treated with trastuzumab in the first-line. Clinical information was retrieved from medical records. The median age of the patients was 55 years, with 31% being premenopausal. HER2, IGF-IRa, IGF-IRb, uPA, PAI-1, Ki-67, ER, and PgR were assessed centrally by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while HER2 was also assessed centrally by FISH. All stains were examined by 2 independent pathologists, using the Allred 8-unit system for IGF-IRa and IGF-IRb, a combination of a proportion score from 0 to 5 and an intensity score on a scale of 0 to 3 (none, weak, moderate, strong). uPA protein expression was considered positive if &gt;75% of the cells showed intense staining, with PAI-1 deemed positive when &gt;6% of the cells showed mild staining. PFS and survival from the initiation of trastuzumab were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.Results: Trastuzumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy was given as first-line treatment in all patients. HER2 gene amplification was confirmed in 89 cases, while in 49 patients HER2 was found to be non-amplified (HER2 negative patients). As expected, survival of HER2 positive patients was found to be significantly longer (50.7 months vs. 30.5 months, p&lt;0.0001), with no significant differences found in PFS (14.0 months vs. 9.2 months, p=0.124). IGF-IRa, IGF-IRb, uPA, or PAI-1 positive patients were not found to have significantly different PFS or survival in either HER2 positive or negative patients.Discussion: Protein expression of IGF-IRa, IGF-IRb, uPA, or PAI-1 assessed by IHC was not found to be associated with significantly different survival in patients with advanced breast cancer treated with trastuzumab in the current analysis. Studies are ongoing to include patients receiving second-line treatment with trastuzumab and evaluation of PI3K mutations.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2036.
Comparative Analysis of Breast Cancer (BrCa) Mortality Reduction among Regions of Canada between 1950 – 2004: Impact of Systemic and Diagnostic Guidelines after 1977, with Model Definition of Number of Potentially Avoided Annual Deaths (N-PAAD).
Authors: Ragaz J. , Wong H. , Qian H. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
BACKGROUNDWe reported in the past the BrCa mortality trends in three Provinces of Canada with different Levels of Provincial Diagnostic and Therapy Guideline (ProvDgThGuide) implementation, reflecting access to optimum cancer care (LEVEL I, most uniform: British Columbia (B.C.); LEVEL II, medium: Ontario(ON); LEVEL III, least uniform (Atlantic Provinces AP), and have shown best outcomes in B.C. (Cancer Res 2009 69[S] 2:383).OBJECTIVETo estimate the number of BrCa deaths that potentially could have been avoided during the period 1978 – 2004 if the ProvDgThGuide Level I (i.e. of B.C.) had been implemented in Canada, Ontario and Atlantic Provinces, respectively.METHODSData were obtained from Statistics Canada.i. For each region, we calculated the average annual age-standardized mortality rate / 100,000 (aveASR) for the periods 1950-1977 (R1) and 1978-2004 (R2).ii. Subsequently, calculated was the Relative Change (RC, expressed in %) in mortality rate between the two time periods (RC = (R2-R1)/R1).iii. And for each region, the 1978 – 2004 expected rates (RE) based on RC from B.C. [i.e. calculated as "-13.8%" [(RE = 1- 0138) x R1].iv. These steps permitted estimates of Number of potentially avoided [annual] deaths (N-PAAD), based on the difference in observed mortality during the 1978-2004 period and the mortality that would have occurred if the regions had experienced the same relative change in mortality rate as observed in B.C. (R2-RE x # at risk).RESULTS R1(aveASR 1950-1977)R2(aveASR 1978-2004)RCREN-PAAD(N-AveAnnDeaths)BC30.025.8-13.8%----Ontario30.929.2-5.3%26.6137Atlantic27.528.8+4.7%23.760Canadaexcluding BC30.729.0-5.5%26.5315CONCLUSIONThis study confirms in most but not all regions of Canada a substantial mortality reduction after 1977, suggestive that implementation of optimum levels of Provincial Diagnostic and Therapy Guidelines (optimum access to cancer care) may affect mortality, and that their delay may prevent materialization of survival gains.Once the average annual rates of B.C. was applied to the rates of rest of Canada, the newly developed "Potentially Avoided Annual Deaths" model estimates over 8,000 avoided BrCa deaths in Canada (without B.C.) during the period 1978 – 2004 (26 [years] x 315).The model estimates over 3,500 (26 x 137) and 1500 (26 x 60) avoided deaths, respectively, for Ontario and Atlantic Provinces.These data are relevant to all world regions with differing access to optimum cancer care.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2063.
Chemotherapy Treatment and Survival in Estrogen Receptor Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis.
Authors: Zuckerman I. , Schneider M. , Onukwugha E. , McNally D. , Gardner J. , Pandya N. , Seal B. , Mullins C. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Introduction: Although controlled clinical trials have demonstrated a beneficial effect of various chemotherapy regimens on survival in breast cancer (BC), little is known about treatment patterns and survival benefit in the “real world” population of elderly women with metastatic BC. Methods: We identified female Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥66 years with metastatic BC diagnosed from 1999 to 2005 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registries (SEER). Patients with a prior history of any cancer were excluded. Treatment-related data were abstracted from linked Medicare claims. Since Medicare claims have incomplete information on oral selective estrogen receptor modulators, we limited our study cohort to estrogen receptor negative (ER-) women. Chemotherapy was defined as the receipt of any chemotherapeutic regimen within 6 months after diagnosis. Initial regimens were characterized based on drugs given during the first 30 days of chemotherapy. We used a continuous-time interval-censored survival analysis to determine the effect of chemotherapy on hazard of any-cause death, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors, including proxy measures for performance status. Results: We identified 1518 ER(-) women diagnosed with metastatic BC in SEER. Mean age was 77.6 (SD 7.6) years, 84% were white race and 27% were married at the time of diagnosis. Of the 1518 metastatic ER(-) BC patients, 493 (32%) received chemotherapy. As compared to women who did not receive chemotherapy, women who received chemotherapy were more likely to be younger, married, have lower pre-cancer comorbidity as measured by the Charlson comorbidity index, have seen an oncology specialist and have cancer-directed surgery or radiation prior to chemotherapy. Initial regimens comprised predominantly one (31%) or two (46%) drug classes. The most common regimens were taxanes only (18%), anthracycline+alkylating agents (17%) and antimetabolite+alkylating agent (9%). Overall median followup time was 7 months; 1223 women (81%) died during followup. Median survival time was 5 months among women who did not receive chemotherapy and 15 months among women who received chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was associated with a statistically significant survival benefit (adjusted Hazard Ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.54, 0.70). Conclusion: In this population-based study of older women, there was a variety of chemotherapy regimens used for metastatic ER(-) BC. Chemotherapy received within 6 months after diagnosis was associated with a 39% reduction in hazard of death. These findings reflect chemotherapy use outside of the clinical trial setting and have important clinical and policy implications for the study of treatments among older women with advanced BC.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2064.
Comparison of Subgroup Analyses of PFS from Three Phase III Studies of Bevacizumab in Combination with Chemotherapy in Patients with HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC).
Authors: O'Shaughnessy J. , Dieras V. , Glaspy J. , Brufsky A. , Miller K. , Miles D. , Koralewski P. , Phan S. , Bhattacharya S. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
BackgroundThree multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III trials of taxane (T), or capecitabine (Cape), or anthracycline (Anth) chemotherapy plus or minus bevacizumab (B) established that the addition of B improves progression-free survival (PFS). Outcomes in clinically important subsets are important to demonstrate the consistency of treatment effect and may guide physicians when considering treatment options for patients. Here we compare various clinically relevant subgroups across three studies to assess the activity of B in patients for these subgroups.MethodsResults for PFS based upon investigator assessments were used from all trials. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to estimate median PFS for chemo+placebo and chemo+B for patient subgroups from the E2100, AVADO, and RIBBON-1 studies. For the overall study results, stratified hazard ratios (HRs) are presented with the same stratification factors as the variables that were used for the randomization, while unstratified HRs are presented here for the subgroups.ResultsIn all 3 studies we observed an improvement in PFS upon addition of B to chemotherapy. For patients with triple-negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-) tumors, the addition of B led to an increase in median PFS (mPFS) from 4.7 mo to 10.2 mo (HR=0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.61) in E2100, from 6.0 to 8.1 mo in the AVADO 15 mg/kg B arm (HR=0.60, 95% CI, 0.39-0.92); from 4.2 to 6.1 mo in the RIBBON-1 Cape cohort (HR=0.72, 95% CI, 0.49-1.06); and from 8.2 to 14.5 mo in the RIBBON-1 T/Anth cohort (HR=0.78, 95% CI, 0.53-1.15).For patients ≥65 yr, the addition of B led to an increase in mPFS from 7.4 to 10.4 mo (HR=0.69, 95% CI, 0.46-1.03) in E2100, from 7.6 to 8.4 mo in the AVADO 15 mg/kg B arm (HR=0.62, 95% CI, 0.36-1.08); from 6.2 to 9.1 mo in the RIBBON-1 Cape cohort (HR=0.69, 95% CI, 0.47-1.02); and from 8.5 to 10.1 mo in the RIBBON-1 T/Anth cohort (HR=0.83, 95% CI, 0.52-1.34).For patients who had received prior adjuvant T, the addition of B led to an increase in mPFS from 4.4 to 13.3. mo in E2100 (HR=0.29; 95% CI, 0.19-0.46), 6.6 to 8.5 mo in the AVADO 15 mg/kg B arm (HR=0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.77), 4.2 to 8.7 mo in the RIBBON-1 Cape cohort (HR=0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.84); and from 6.7 to 9.1 mo in the RIBBON-1 T/Anth cohort (HR=0.65; 95% CI, 0.39-1.09).ConclusionsAlthough the addition of bevacizumab consistently improved mPFS across a number of clinically relevant subsets, regardless of the chemotherapy backbone used, absolute improvements in HRs and median PFS varied within subsets and across the three trials.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 207.
Relationship of Age at First Live Birth, Parity and Duration of Breast Feeding with Non Familial Breast Cancer in Pakistani Women. A Study of the Cancer Research Group Pakistan.
Authors: Ahmad S. , Mahmood H. , Kanwal S. , Mahmood A. , Ahmad K. , Masood M. , Faheem M. , Akbar N. , Hafeez M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background and objectives; This multicenter case control study is being conducted at seven different centers in Pakistan in order to find out the association and relationship of different hormonal and reproductive factors with breast cancer. These factors have been identified either as risk factors or protective factors for breast cancer in other communities but not in Pakistani women. Preliminary results from four centers are being reported here.Method; Patients attending these cancer treatment centers were interviewed by the trained medical personals and the findings were recorded in a proforma. Age and area matched unrelated controls were randomly selected and interviewed with same questions and findings were recorded in a corresponding proforma. SPSS version 11.5 was used for statistical analysis.Results; From June, 2008 to May, 2009 six hundred eighty eight cases were compared with an equal number of controls. Median age of cases was 47 years (26-70 years) and controls 47.5 years (25-71 years). One hundred ninety eight of cases (28.78%) and 208 of controls (30.23 %) gave first full term live birth before the age of 20. Sixty two cases (09.01%) and 38 controls (5.52%) gave first full term live birth after the age of 30. Seventy one cases and 65 controls were nulliparous.Fifty cases (07.27%) and 51 controls (07.41%) had only one child whereas 104 (15.12%) cases and 118 controls (17.15%) had more then 7 children.Breast feeding duration was more then 24 months in 410 (72.31%) of all women who had more then 1 child. Duration of breast feeding in cases Vs. control in women with 2-4 children, 5-7 children and more then 7 children was similar. Statistical analysis reveals that first live birth below the age of 20 and duration of breast feeding of greater then 24 months duration are not associated as protective factors in this patient population. Odds ratio of 1.35, 95% CI; 1.01-1.70 and 1.014, 95% CI; 0.80-1.22 respectively. Age at first live birth after 30 years of age seems to be positively associated with breast cancer. Odds ratio of 1.75, 95% CI; 1.15-2.65. These results do not support the young age at first full term pregnancy and prolonged duration of breast feeding as protective factors against the breast cancer.Key Words: Breast Cancer, Breast feeding, Parity, Risk Factor
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2071.
Features of Recurrence of Triple Negative (TN) Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer (NMBC) Patients: A Single Institution Study.
Authors: Alarcon-Rozas A. , Cueva M. , Galarreta J. , Ramirez J. , Torres J. , Gonzales E. , Gamarra L. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background.- TN breast cancer (BC) are the most agressive type of BC, and we do not have a target therapy against this type. Our goal is to determine the rate of recurrence, the affected organs and the DFS in these patients.Materials and Methods.-We reviewed 1042 charts of all diagnosed BC patients from January/2000 to December/2005 and choose 215 who were TN-NMBC. The data was analized by analitic and descriptive statistics in SPSS v. 17.0Results.- The rate of TN-NMBC were 20.6%(215) of them 18.6%(40) patients had recurrences with an average age of 52.5(31-93) years. The median DFS were 27 months with a median follow-up of 64 months. The Stage I, II and III were 7.5%(3); 32.5%(13) and 60%(24) respectevely for patients with recurrence. The most frequent involved organs with recurrence were visceral (lung and liver) 37.5%(15), bone 25%(10), skin 20%(8), CNS 12.5%(5) and contralateral breast 5%(2). Additionally we found five patients with history of familiar BC, and four of them were stage II with negative lymph node at diagnoses.Conclusion.- TN-NMBC are 20.6% of all BC, the majority of them were stage III (60%), the median DFS for patients with recurrence were 27 months, and the most frequent sites involved were visceral (37.5%) and bone (25%). It is very interesting pay attention even in early stages to patients with history of familiar BC for risk of recurrence, BRCA positive?
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2072.