bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Real Estate Market Versus Efficiency of Its Participants
Authors: Renigier-Biłozor Małgorzata , Wiśniewski Radosław 
Published: July 2012

Real estate markets (REMs) may be classified as strong-form efficient, semi-strong-form efficient or weak-form efficient. Efficiency measures the level of development or goal attainment in a complex social and economic system, such as the real estate market. The efficiency of the real estate market is the individual participant's ability to achieve the set goals. The number of goals is equivalent to the number of participants. Every market participant has a set of specific efficiency benchmarks which can be identified and described. In line with the theory of rational expectations, every participant should make decisions in a rational manner by relying on all available information to make the optimal forecast. The effectiveness of the real estate market is a function of the efficiency of individual market participants.
This paper attempts to prove the following hypothesis: the effectiveness of a real estate market may be identified by analysing the effectiveness of its participants. The authors also discuss methods based on the rough set theory which can influence the efficiency and efficacy of market participants, and consequently, the effectiveness of the real estate market and its participants.
The Influence of Some PH Values and Substratum on Sunflower Seeds Lipase Activity
Authors: Avramiuc M. 
Published: July 2012

The Influence of Some PH Values and Substratum on Sunflower Seeds Lipase Activity
The activity of sunflower seeds lipase on its own substratum (sunflower oil), and on other substrata, belonging to seven plant species, searched under certain conditions of temperature and pH, was the purpose of this work. Dried sunflower seeds (SMC =10%) - used as lipase source, and refined oils from seeds of eight plant species (sunflower, pumpkin, soya bean, sesame, almond, maize, walnut and peanut) - used as substratum for enzyme, has represented the biological material in this work. The lipase activity, expressed as μm oleic acid/gram product/min., was determined at 20°C and three pH values (5.5, 7.4 şi 9.5), by means of titrating of fatty acids (released from oils by enzyme, in a certain time interval) with a solution of KOH. At pH 5.5, the highest enzyme activity was registered on soya been oil, followed, in order, by walnut, maize, peanut and sunflower oils (very close values for the last three ones). In this pH value, the lowest lipase activities was on pumpkin, almond and sesame oils (all very close values). At pH 7.4, the gratest lipase activity value was registered on walnut oil, followed by peanut and maize oils, and the lowest ones on soya bean and sunflower oils (close values). At pH 9.5, the highest lipase activities have been on sunflower oil, followed by walnut, pumpkin, soya bean and maize oils (close values), and the least ones on sesame and almond oils (close values). The analyse of the sunflower seeds lipase activity on the eigth substrata (sunflower, pumpkin, soya bean, sesame, almond, maize, walnut and peanut oils) at 20°C, has highlighted the highest values at pH 5.5 and the lowest ones at pH 9.5. The sunflower seeds lipase activity, at 20°C, was influenced both by pH values and substratum nature.
Effect of Salinity and Drought Stress on Germination Indices of Two Thymus Species
Authors: Khoshsokhan F. , Babalar M. , Chaghazardi H. , Moghadam M. 
Published: July 2012

Effect of Salinity and Drought Stress on Germination Indices of Two Thymus SpeciesThe environmental stress such as, salinity (soil or water) and drought are serious obstacles for medical plants and field crops in further areas of the world, especially arid and semiarid regions. In order to investigate salinity and drought stress onT. daenensisand T.kotschyanusgermination indices, an experiment was carried out. To create salinity stress, sodium chloride (NaCl) at the levels of 0 (as control), -3, -6 and -9 bar, and for drought stress, polyetylenglycol 6000 (PEG 6000) in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -3, -6 and -9 bar were used. Effect of drought and salt levels on investigated traits significant at 0.01. Result showed significance different between evaluated indices. Increasing of stress levels lead to reduction of germination and root and shoot length. Salt stress only in high levels reduced germination rate. Therefore,T. daenensisandT. kotschyanushave relative resistance to salinity in germination stage. Decrease in osmotic potential progressively inhibited seed germination of the two thyme species. In all salt treatments, maximum germination percentage inT. kotschyanusrelated to West Azerbaijan population and maximum germination rate related to Gazvin population. But in T. daenensis the highest values (both rate and percentage germination) were observed in Arak population. The germination rate of T.daenensisto the drought stress was more than theT. kotschyanusgermination rate like the germination percentage. Comparing the two stresses, it appears that drought has more effect than salt in germination indices.
Studies on Influence of Emitter Discharge Rate, Irrigation Supplies and Planting Pattern on Tomato in Heavy Soils Of Central India
Authors: Shrivastava P. , Rajput G. , Pandey A. 
Published: July 2012

Studies on Influence of Emitter Discharge Rate, Irrigation Supplies and Planting Pattern on Tomato in Heavy Soils Of Central IndiaField experiments were conducted during two post rainy seasons at J.N. Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, India, to evaluate the effect of emitter discharge rate, drip irrigation supplies and planting pattern on soil moisture distribution patterns and yield of tomato in heavy soils. In the experiments during 1998, irrigation was applied through emitters (2, 4 lhr-1) and micro-tubes (6 lhr-1) to conventional and paired-row plantings of tomato (var. ACC - 99). While, in the experiments during 2000, four irrigation supply levels (0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 times crop evapo-transpiration) combined with paired-row, four-row plantings of tomato (var. Pusa ruby) were applied. Observations revealed that fulfillment of 100 per cent of tomato crop evapo-transpiration need utilizing micro-irrigation (micro-tubes of rated discharge - 6 lhr-1) combined with four-row plantings of tomato achieved a cost saving of 35.21 per cent on initial investment with significant gain in yield over paired-row planting in the heavy soils of central India.
Results on the Efectiveness of Plant Protection Products Tested at the Fruit Growing Research and Development Station Iaşi, Romania
Authors: Beşleagă Ramona , Cârdei E. , Tălmaciu M. 
Published: July 2012

Results on the Efectiveness of Plant Protection Products Tested at the Fruit Growing Research and Development Station Iaşi, Romania
During 2010-2011, at the Fruit Growing Research and Development Station (FGRDS) Iaşi, Romania, were carried aut research on testing the effectiveness of plant protection products. The experiment was conducted in experimental polygon, in an apple orchard, the variety Idared. Pests on witch observations were made were: Cydia pomonella L., Adoxophyes reticulana, Panonychus ulmi, Phyllonorycter spp., and the products tested were: Affirm SG 095 and Voliam Targo SC 063. The products Affirm SC 095 was tested against the apple skin moth (Adoxophyes reticulana) and apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), and the product Voliam Targo SC 063 was tested against red mites (Panonychus ulmi) and the leaves miners (Phyllonorycter spp.) apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.). As standard products Coragen and Vertimec 1.8 EC were used at the rates of 0.15 l/ha and 0.75/ha respectively.
Efficacy of Some Biopesticides and Plant Secondary Metabolites Against Fall Webworm Hyphantria Cunea Drury (F. Arctiidae-Lepidoptera) in the Lab Conditions
Authors: Brudea V. , Rîşca I. , Enea C. , Tomescu C. 
Published: July 2012

Efficacy of Some Biopesticides and Plant Secondary Metabolites Against Fall Webworm Hyphantria Cunea Drury (F. Arctiidae-Lepidoptera) in the Lab Conditions
The paper presents the efficacy of the some biopesticides used in the experiments to control fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), comparatively to some plant secondary metabolites from autochthonous flora. From the first category there were used: spinosad, a secondary metabolite produces by the fermentation from Saccharopolyspora spinosa mushroom and is the active principle of the commercial products of the Naturalyte class; azadyrachtines - a group of limonoids, obtained from the seeds of the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), and milbecmectin, a product obtained from a metabolite of the Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. aureolacrimans bacteria. The results revealed the efficacy of all bio insecticides against fall webworm in 2-7 days period after treatment. Spinosad presented a quick action, comparatively to the other bio pesticides. The secondary metabolites, used into fall webworm control, were extracted from autochthonous plants: the common ladyfern (Drioperis filix mas), the perennial sage (Salvia nemorosa), the wormwood (Artemisia dracunculus, A. vulgaris, A. absinthium) the European birthwort (Aristolochia clematidis), Cow parsnip (Heracleum spondylium), the hedge nettle (Stachis sylvatica), the speedwell (Tanacetum vulgare), the nettle (Urtica dioica), the danewort (Sambucus ebulus) and the yew tree (Taxus baccata) to fall webworm. Plants extracts were obtained from dried ground plants, using 25 g/ 1 litter of cold water, stirred for 24 hours. The extracts in ethylic alcohol were made using the same method, 25 g dried plants in 200 ml alcohol and completed up to 1 litter with water. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, treatments being applied on shoots with leaves affected by fall webworm, placed in growth boxes. Each variant had three replications and each replication contained three infested shoots. The treatments were applied with manual small pumps. Efficacy (E%) was calculated after Săvescu-Iacob formula. The majority of alcoholic plant extracts influenced the decrease of leafs consumption as extracts with water. Extracts of metabolites influenced the eating with repellent effects against larvae, no palatable etc. The future experiments must use more chemical analyses to discriminate the main metabolites, which influence the worm activities.
Modeling Some Drying Characteristics of Cantaloupe Slices
Authors: Chayjan R. , Agha-Alizade H. , Barikloo H. , Soleymani B. 
Published: July 2012

Modeling Some Drying Characteristics of Cantaloupe Slices
This study investigated thin layer drying of cantaloupe slices under different drying conditions with initial moisture content about 18.53 (d.b.). Air temperature levels of 40, 50, 60 and 70°C were applied in drying of samples. Fick's second law in diffusion was applied to compute the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) of cantaloupe slices. Minimum and maximum values of Deff were 4.05x10-10 and 1.61x10-9 m2/s, respectively. Deff values increased as the input air temperature was increased. Activation energy values of cantaloupe slices were found between 30.43 and 36.23 kJ/mol for 40°C to 70°C, respectively. The specific energy consumption for drying cantaloupe slices was calculated at the boundary of 1.01x105 and 9.55x105 kJ/kg. Increasing in drying air temperature in different air velocities led to increase in specific energy value. Results showed that applying the temperature of 70°C is more effective for convective drying of cantaloupe slices. The aforesaid drying parameters are important to select the best operational point of a dryer and to precise design of the system.
Effect of Temperature on Adhesion of Clay Soil to Steel
Authors: Azadegan B. , Massah J. 
Published: July 2012

Effect of Temperature on Adhesion of Clay Soil to Steel
Soil adhesion is one of the important factors in measuring the amount of energy consumption. In this paper, the effect of temperature on the amount of clay soil adhesion was investigated. The soil used in this research was saturated clay mud. In order to measure adhesion, a specific instrument was designed. The dimensions of the metal plate were 210x70x20 mm and its weight was 2.5 kgf. The metal plate alloy was st37. The adhesion was calculated from the difference between weight of water used for clearing the metal plate of the soil and the weight of the metal plate. Six levels of temperature from 5 to 30°c were applied. A refrigerator and an oven were used for getting the required temperature. The test was performed three times for each level. Results showed that an increase in temperature from 5 to 30°c decreases the soil adhesion. Three equations such as linear polynomial, exponential and quadratic polynomial correlated with the experimental data and the result showed that the quadratic polynomial model had the best correlation with experimental data.
Genetic Diversity of Brenneria Nigrifluens Strains in North of Iran (Margin of Caspian Sea)
Authors: Jamalzade A. , Shamsbakhsh M. , Rahimian H. 
Published: July 2012

Genetic Diversity ofBrenneria NigrifluensStrains in North of Iran (Margin of Caspian Sea)Brenneria nigrifluens, the cause of shallow bark canker of Persian walnut trees (Juglans regiaL.), has become fairly widespread in Iran in recent years. It is regarded as a great threat to walnut production. To determine the diversity ofB. nigrifluensstrains, sixty strains of the causal bacterium were isolated from bark samples of infected walnut trees collected from Mazandaran, Guilan and Golestan provinces and were studied. The physiological and biochemical characteristics, electrophoretic patterns of total cell proteins and rep-PCR generated DNA fingerprints ofB. nigrifluensstrains were compared. Strains appeared to be more or less similar in phenotypic characteristics. Less than 15% of the strains differed in a few phenotypic features such as the ability in production of H2S from peptone, hydrolysis of esculin, levan production, arginine dehydrolase, nitrate reduction, indol production and methyl red reaction. These differences did not show any special distribution and therefore was not suitable for classifying the strains into distinct groups. The electrophoretic patterns of cell proteins of the strains were different from each other and were only useful for preliminary grouping of the isolates. The groups of strains were differentiated by their rep-PCR fingerprints and on which basis they were placed in six groups in similarity level 95%. Cluster analysis was performed using NTSYSpd software. The results of these studies demonstrated that the populations ofB. nigrifluensin North of Iran are genetically heterogeneous. The results can be used in selection of disease management strategies.
Study Regarding Effectiveness of Some Plant Extracts and Different Pesticides against an Erwinia Amylovora (Burrill.) Winslow et al. Strain Isolated from Quince
Authors: Chiriac Irina-Paraschiva , Ulea E. 
Published: July 2012

Study Regarding Effectiveness of Some Plant Extracts and Different Pesticides against anErwinia Amylovora(Burrill.) Winslowet al.Strain Isolated from QuinceThe interest in management fire blight prevention and control increased considerably in last years due to pathogen spread almost throughout the country. The objective of this paper focuses on testing of some plant extracts such asSalvia officinalis, Thymus serpyllum, Pelargonium odoratissimum, Hedera helix, Ocimum basilicum, Levisticum officinale, Tagetes patula, Galium verumand different pesticides against anErwinia amylovorastrain isolated from quince dameged samples. In this study, the biological material was represented by quince shoots, harvested from pomological collection of "Vasile Adamachi" farm, which belongs to University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Iaşi. The research were performed in the Phytopathology laboratory. Following the experiment performed note that among the eight plant extracts a good antibacterial activity hasPelargonium odoratissimum, Ocimum basilicumandSalvia officinalisand of the three pesticides, Alcupral 50 PU. Contrary to expectations worst results were obtained after testing Aliette 80 WG andHedera helixproducts. The results were estimated statisticaly, by performing ANOVA test.
Differential Diagnosis and Management of Ankylosing Spondylitis Masked as Adhesive Capsulitis: A Resident's Case Problem
Authors: Jordan Chelsea L. , Rhon Daniel I. 
Published: July 2012

Study Design Resident's case problem. Background Ankylosing spondylitis is a potentially debilitating seronegative spondyloarthropathy, with inflammatory low back pain as the most commonly reported symptom. In the absence of low back pain, identification of other diagnostic criteria or associated impairments and joint involvement, such as involvement of the hip or shoulder, may be beneficial. Diagnosis A 32-year-old man with right shoulder pain and decreased range of motion was referred with a diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis. He had been managed by multiple healthcare providers for 3 years before being referred to a physical therapist. Glenoid labral pathology was evident on prior magnetic resonance imaging, which had led to a persistent focus on the shoulder. The evaluation by the physical therapist revealed significant mobility deficits in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. Radiographs and laboratory tests were ordered and a referral was made to rheumatology after the initial physical therapy assessment. The diagnostic work-up confirmed the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis and led to multidisciplinary management of the disease. Discussion Low back pain is often the primary symptom of ankylosing spondylitis later in the disease process. Earlier indicators of ankylosing spondylitis, such as severely impaired mobility and spine stiffness, may help guide detection in the absence of spinal pain. In this case, an appropriate diagnosis led to improvement in the management strategy of what might have appeared to be unrelated shoulder pain. Early differential diagnosis is important, as emerging interventions show promise when used earlier in the disease process. Level of Evidence Differential diagnosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012; 42(10):842–852, Epub 26 July 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4050
The Effect of Training the Deep Cervical Flexors on Neck Pain, Neck Mobility, and Dizziness in a Patient With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain After Prolonged Bed Rest: A Case Report
Authors: Thoomes-de Graaf Marloes , Schmitt Maarten A. 
Published: July 2012

Study Design Case report. Background Immobilization and chronic neck pain may cause a transformation of muscle tissue fibers. These changes affect the ability to effectively control 3-D movement of the cervical spine. This case report describes the effect of specific deep cervical flexor (DCF) musculature training in a patient with chronic neck pain and dizziness. Case Description A 19-year-old woman presented with a 24-month history of neck pain and dizziness. Symptoms started during a 2-month immobilization period while in the intensive care unit for the treatment of brainstem encephalitis. Outcome measures included pain level, limitations in activities, fear avoidance, range of motion, dizziness, and function of the DCFs. Treatment was aimed at restoring altered motor control of the neck muscles using DCF training integrated with functional activities for 10 treatment sessions over 12 weeks. Outcomes At the time of discharge, the patient reported full recovery and no restriction in her daily activities. Her score on the Neck Disability Index had improved by 28 points, active range of motion had increased, and her symptoms of dizziness were resolved. These results were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Discussion This patient responded positively to DCF training, resulting in an increase in cervical spine range of motion and a reduction of dizziness, pain, and limitations in activities. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(10):853–860, Epub 26 July 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4056
Assessing Gait Adaptability in People With a Unilateral Amputation on an Instrumented Treadmill With a Projected Visual Context
Authors: Houdijk Han , van Ooijen Mariëlle W. , Kraal Jos J. , Wiggerts Henri O. , Polomski Wojtek , Janssen Thomas W.J. , Roerdink Melvyn 
Published: July 2012

Background
Gait adaptability, including the ability to avoid obstacles and to take visually guided steps, is essential for safe movement through a cluttered world. This aspect of walking ability is important for regaining independent mobility but is difficult to assess in clinical practice.

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of an instrumented treadmill with obstacles and stepping targets projected on the belt's surface for assessing prosthetic gait adaptability.

Design
This was an observational study.

Methods
A control group of people who were able bodied (n=12) and groups of people with transtibial (n=12) and transfemoral (n=12) amputations participated. Participants walked at a self-selected speed on an instrumented treadmill with projected visual obstacles and stepping targets. Gait adaptability was evaluated in terms of anticipatory and reactive obstacle avoidance performance (for obstacles presented 4 steps and 1 step ahead, respectively) and accuracy of stepping on regular and irregular patterns of stepping targets. In addition, several clinical tests were administered, including timed walking tests and reports of incidence of falls and fear of falling.

Results
Obstacle avoidance performance and stepping accuracy were significantly lower in the groups with amputations than in the control group. Anticipatory obstacle avoidance performance was moderately correlated with timed walking test scores. Reactive obstacle avoidance performance and stepping accuracy performance were not related to timed walking tests. Gait adaptability scores did not differ in groups stratified by incidence of falls or fear of falling.

Limitations
Because gait adaptability was affected by walking speed, differences in self-selected walking speed may have diminished differences in gait adaptability between groups.

Conclusions
Gait adaptability can be validly assessed by use of an instrumented treadmill with a projected visual context. When walking speed is taken into account, this assessment provides unique, quantitative information about walking ability in people with a lower-limb amputation.
Isolation and characterization of 10 microsatellite loci in Cneorum tricoccon (Cneoraceae), a Mediterranean relict plant
Authors: García‐Fernández Alfredo , Lázaro‐Nogal Ana , Traveset Anna , Valladares Fernando 
Published: July 2012

• Premise of the study: The main aim of this study was to isolate and characterize microsatellite loci in Cneorum tricoccon (Cneoraceae), a Mediterranean shrub relict of the early Tertiary, which inhabits western Mediterranean islands and coasts. Microsatellites will be useful for investigating biogeography and landscape genetics across the species distribution range, including current or past gene flow.• Methods and Results: Seventeen microsatellite loci were characterized, of which 10 were polymorphic and amplified for a total of 56 alleles in three populations of C. tricoccon. The markers revealed average coefficients of expected heterozygosity (He = 0.425), observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.282), and inbreeding coefficient value per population (FIS = 0.408).• Conclusions: These microsatellite primers will potentially be useful in the study of population and landscape genetics, conservation status of isolated populations, island‐continental distribution, current or historical movements between populations, and in the investigation of the consequences of dispersal mechanisms of these plants.