bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Depression Following Intraoperative Methadone: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Carlé Nicolai , Nikolajsen Lone , Uhrbrand Camilla G. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Methadone is used as a perioperative analgesic in the management of postoperative pain. Despite positive outcomes from randomized trials favoring methadone, concerns about its safety persist, particularly regarding respiratory depression (RD) and excessive sedation. In this study, we compared the incidence of naloxone administration between patients administered intraoperative methadone and those administered intraoperative morphine as a measure of severe RD. Time spent at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) was used as a proxy variable for excessive sedation.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study including all patients aged ≥18 years who underwent surgery between March 2019 and March 2023 at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. We assessed the association between intraoperative administration of either methadone or morphine and postoperative naloxone administration within the first 24 hours using logistic regression (primary outcome). An analogous linear regression model was used for the secondary outcome of time spent in the PACU after surgery. Patients were weighted using propensity scores to adjust for potential confounding variables.

RESULTS:
A total of 14,522 patients were included in the analysis. Among the 2437 patients who received intraoperative methadone, 15 (0.62%) patients received naloxone within the first 24 hours after surgery compared to 68 of 12,0885 (0.56%) who received intraoperative morphine. No statistical difference was observed in the odds of naloxone administration between patients administered methadone or morphine (adjusted odds ratio 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 [0.40–2.02]). Patients who were administered intraoperative methadone had a mean PACU length of stay (LOS) of 334 minutes (standard deviation [SD], 382) compared to 195 minutes (SD, 228) for those administered intraoperative morphine. The adjusted PACU LOS of patients administered intraoperative methadone was 26% longer compared to those administered intraoperative morphine (adjusted ratio of the geometric means 95% CI, 1.26 [1.22–1.31]).

CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence of naloxone administration to treat severe RD was low. No difference was observed in the odds of naloxone administration to treat severe RD between patients administered intraoperative methadone or intraoperative morphine. Intraoperative methadone was associated with longer stays at the PACU; however, this result should be interpreted with care. Our findings suggest that intraoperative methadone has a safety profile comparable to that of morphine with regard to severe RD.
Trans*agrarian Marxisms?
Authors: Gagliano Jamie C. , Liebman Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article recasts agrarian studies’ concerns with nature, productivity, and subjectivity through the provocations raised by transgender Marxism. Transgender Marxism has interrogated how normative gender, sexuality, and racial dynamics are inseparable from the material and reproductive matrices required for capital. Critical agrarian studies has a long history of carefully tracing out the political economy of agrarian capitalism and resistance to it. Engaging with the unruly materialisms of transgender Marxism would further the work of critical agrarian studies, particularly in regard to the ways gender and sexuality are taken up in the field. The project of transgender Marxism offers a scathing critique of rights-based recognition, hetero- and homonormativity, apoliticized science, and the ways in which the biological family figures at the heart of capitalist reproduction. Such questions have been taken up in small corners of queer and feminist critical agrarian studies, particularly those rooted in the United States, but transgender Marxism offers a new opportunity to bring together the material and historical concerns of the ways agrarian capitalism takes place and creates conditions for unruly forms of resistance. The article demonstrates their possible interconnectivities by exploring three themes: theories of change, the centrality of gender/sex in the agrarian, and unruly, ungrounded materialisms. While primarily a theoretical intervention, the article draws some insights from the authors’ ethnographic work in Paraguay and Colombia to ground the theoretical possibilities in place.
We Are Castaways: Archipelagic Imagination in Our Trembling Échos-monde
Authors: Imafuku Ryuta , Kabir Ananya Jahanara , Raimondi Luca 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article, here translated from the author's original lecture in Portuguese, distills his experiences of fieldwork in Latin America and reading of Caribbean authors who took his “imagination to the creole seas,” from which emerged eventually a “vision of archipelago” as a space-time splintering conducted from underwater, anti-continental perspectives. Bringing the challenge of archipelagicity to the reconfiguring of time as well as space, the lecture traces his journey from creole toward archipelago. Traversing the Mississippi delta, island clusters, and coral atolls in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean worlds, gathering up the poetics of dialects, pidgins, creoles, and other errant tongues, it is an “unpacific” voyage that dredges up the author's East Asian, Pacific Rim identity as a divining rod for sensing archipelagic connections between differently creolized subjectivities. This meaningful web, generated through a shared awareness of not history but its lack, constitutes a new home: “a dwelling called archipelago.”
The Flight to Safety and International Risk Sharing
Authors: Kekre Rohan , Lenel Moritz 
Published: May 2024

We study a business cycle model of the international monetary system featuring a time-varying demand for safe dollar bonds, greater risk-bearing capacity in the United States than the rest of the world, and nominal rigidities. A flight to safety generates a dollar appreciation and decline in global output. Dollar bonds thus command a negative risk premium, and the United States holds a levered portfolio of capital financed in dollars. We quantify the effects of safety shocks and heterogeneity in risk-bearing capacity for global macroeconomic volatility, US external adjustment, and policy transmission, as of dollar swap lines. (JEL E32, E43, E44, E52, F44, G11, G15)
THE PROLONGED INFLUENCE OF ROOT DRESSING OF CAJANDER LARCH (LARIX CAJANDERY MAYR.) ANNUAL AND BIENNIAL SEEDLINGS WITH THE GROWTH STIMULANTS ZIRCON AND EPIN ON THEIR GROWTH AT FIFTEEN YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Ostroshenko Valentina Yu. , Ostroshenko Lyudmila Yu. 
Published: May 2024

Cajander larch (Larix cajandery Mayr.) is the eastern race of Gmelin larch, the main forest-forming species in the Amur Region and the Primorsky Territory. It is widely used in the national economy. It is promising for landscaping. However, as a result of improper felling and forest fires, the area and stocks of larch have been significantly reduced. Its accelerated artificial restoration is necessary. One of the ways to solve this problem is the use of growth stimulants. The aim of the research was to study the stimulating effect of aqueous solutions of growth stimulants Zircon and Epin at various concentrations of solutions on biometric indicators of annual seedlings and mature Cajander larch trees at the age of 15. In the spring of 2009, grown larch seedlings were transplanted into the previously prepared soil of school department of the nursery with the placement of 0.5 × 0.6 m. During the growing season they were fed twice with Zircon and Epin in concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001%. Seedlings that were not subjected to any treatment were taken as a control sample. Seedlings were measured in terms of height, height gain, diameter of the root neck, root length and dry weight. In the spring of 2012, in the vicinity of the Mountain-taiga station named after. V.L. Komarov, an alley was created from a part of Cajander larch seedlings along the road system. 10 years after the transplantation of seedlings, in June 2022, the state of larch cultures was assessed according to the scale given in the rules of sanitary safety [26], and the heights and diameters of the trunk at chest height were measured. The studies showed that root dressing with Epin solution at a concentration of 0.01% has the greatest effect on the growth of seedlings and mature larch trees.
Funding. The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme No. 124012200183-8).
Does Mining Fuel Bubbles? An Experimental Study on Cryptocurrency Markets
Authors: Lambrecht Marco , Sofianos Andis , Xu Yilong 
Published: May 2024

We investigate how key features associated with the Proof-of-Work consensus mechanism of Bitcoin (commonly referred to as mining) affect pricing. In a controlled laboratory experiment, we observe that price bubble formation can be attributed to mining. Moreover, overpricing is more pronounced if the mining capacity is centralized to a small group of individuals. The order book data reveal that miners seem to play a crucial role in bubble formation. Further probing the mechanism in a second study, we find that both mining costs and decisions jointly with the sluggish rate of supply of the asset contribute to the bubble formation. Our results demonstrate that erratic pricing is an inherent feature of cryptocurrencies based on a mining protocol, thus seriously limiting any prospects for such assets becoming a medium of exchange. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: The funding provided by the University of Heidelberg, Hanken Foundation [Grant 271-6250], and Durham University is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01238 .
Development of a curricular thread to foster medical students’ critical reflection and promote action on climate change, health, and equity
Authors: Dalapati Trisha , Alway Emily J. , Mantri Sneha , Mitchell Phillip , George Ian A. , Kaplan Samantha , Andolsek Kathryn M. , Velkey J. Matthew , Lawson Jennifer , Muzyk Andrew J. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Due to the health consequences arising from climate change, medical students will inevitably interact with affected patients during their training and careers. Accordingly, medical schools must incorporate education on the impacts of climate change on health and equity into their curricula. We created a curricular thread called “Climate Change, Health, and Equity” in the first-year preclinical medical program to teach foundational concepts and foster self-reflection and critical consciousness.

Methods
The authors developed a continuum of practice including administrators, educators and faculty members, students, and community partners to plan and design curricular activities. First-year medical students at Duke University School of Medicine participated in seven mandatory foundational lectures and two experiential learning opportunities in the local community. Following completion of activities, students wrote a critical reflection essay and completed a self-directed learning exercise. Essays were evaluated using the REFLECT rubric to assess if students achieved critical reflection and for thematic analysis by Bloom’s Taxonomy.

Results
All students (118) submitted essays. A random sample of 30 (25%) essays underwent analysis. Evaluation by the REFLECT rubric underscored that all students were reflecting or critically reflecting on thread content. Thematic analysis highlighted that all students (30/30, 100%) were adept at identifying new areas of medical knowledge and connecting concepts to individual experiences, institutional practices, and public health and policy. Most students (27/30; 90%) used emotionally laden words, expressing negative feelings like frustration and fear but also positive sentiments of solidarity and hope regarding climate change and effects on health. Many students (24/30; 80%) expressed actionable items at every level including continuing self-directed learning and conversing with patients, minimizing healthcare waste, and advocating for climate-friendly policies.

Conclusion
After participating in the curricular thread, most medical students reflected on cognitive, affective, and actionable aspects relating to climate change, health, and equity.
Assessing capacities to strengthen intersectoral collaboration in Territorial Public Health Councils in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Lozan Oleg , Mîţa Valentin , Demişcan Daniela , Buzeti Tatjana , Beznec Peter , Sava Valeriu , Curteanu Ala , Rîmiş Constantin , Canavan Robert , Prytherch Helen 
Published: May 2024

Background
The government of the Republic of Moldova, endorsed the principle of Health in All Policies (HiAP) through its health sector reforms to address the rising burden of non-communicable diseases and health inequalities. Territorial Public Health Councils (TPHCs) were created to ensure the coordination and management of the population’s health in their respective district. This study assessed the capacities of the TPHCs to identify areas in need of support for strengthening their intersectoral collaboration role in public health at local level.

Methods
A mixed-method approach, using qualitative and quantitative techniques, was used to compare the perceptions of all TPHC members (n = 112) and invitees (n = 53) to council meetings from 10 districts covering all geographical areas of Moldova. The quantitative information was obtained using a cross-sectional survey, while the qualitative aspects were assessed within focus group discussions (FGDs).

Results
Half of all TPHC members, including 75% from groups with a non-medical background, did not attend a public health course within the last three years. Overall, groups with a medical background were more aware of the legislation that governs TPHC activity and intersectoral collaboration compared with those with a non-medical background. The FGDs of TPHC meetings revealed that members had an insufficient level of understanding of intersectoral collaboration to solve public health issues and lacked clarity about their place and role within the TPHC.

Conclusions
HiAP implementation was found to be suboptimal with insufficient capacity at local level. TPHC members’ ability to deal with public health issues were severely impaired by a general lack of knowledge and understanding of how to utilize the TPHC platform for maximum benefit. Reforming TPHC regulation is required in addition to extensive capacity building for TPHC members to increase member understanding of their roles as intended by TPHC regulations, including the facilitation of intersectoral collaborations.
Gluconeogenesis in the yolk syncytial layer‐like tissue of cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame)
Authors: Shimizu Marino , Takagi Wataru , Sakai Yuki , Kayanuma Isana , Furukawa Fumiya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlucose has important roles in the development of zebrafish, the vertebrate animal model; however, in most oviparous animals, the amount of maternally provided glucose in the yolk is scarce. For these reasons, developing animals need some ways to supplement glucose. Recently, it was found that developing zebrafish, a teleost fish, undergo gluconeogenesis in the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), an extraembryonic tissue that surrounds the yolk. However, teleost YSL is evolutionarily unique, and it is not clear how other vertebrates supplement glucose. In this study, we used cloudy catshark (or Torazame catshark), an elasmobranch species which possesses a YSL‐like tissue during development, and sought for possible gluconeogenic activities in this tissue. In their yolk sac, glucose increased, and our isotope tracking analysis detected gluconeogenic activities with glycerol most preferred substrate. In addition, many of gluconeogenic genes were expressed at the YSL‐like tissue, suggesting that cloudy catshark engages in gluconeogenesis in this tissue. The gluconeogenesis in teleost YSL and a similar tissue in elasmobranch species implies conserved mechanisms of yolk metabolism between these two lineages. Future studies on other vertebrate taxa will be helpful to understand the evolutionary changes in the modes of yolk metabolism that vertebrates have experienced.
Phase-matched third-harmonic generation in silicon nitride waveguides
Authors: Vijayakumar Surendar , Vyas Kaustubh , Espinosa Daniel H. G. , Reshef Orad , Song Meiting , Awan Kashif Masud , Choudhary Saumya , Cardenas Jaime , Boyd Robert W. , Dolgaleva Ksenia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Third-harmonic generation (THG) in silicon nitride waveguides is an ideal source of coherent visible light, suited for ultrafast pulse characterization, telecom signal monitoring and self-referenced comb generation due to its relatively large nonlinear susceptibility and CMOS compatibility. We demonstrate third-harmonic generation in silicon nitride waveguides where a fundamental transverse mode at 1,596 nm is phase-matched to a TM02 mode at 532 nm, confirmed by the far-field image. We experimentally measure the waveguide width-dependent phase-matched wavelength with a peak-power-normalized conversion efficiency of 5.78 × 10−7 %/W2 over a 660-μm-long interaction length.
Music enrichment improves the behavior and leukocyte profile of dairy cattle
Authors: Contreras-Torres Esmeralda G. , Hernández-Chavez Juan F. , Díaz-Quiroz Carlos A. , Molina-Barrios Ramón , Millán Paulina Arrayales , Ulloa-Mercado Ruth G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Different studies have suggested that musical enrichment in dairy cattle management reduces animal stress and enhances milk production, management, and disease resistance. Thus, in the present work, we proposed to evaluate the response of a group of Holstein cows to musical stimulation, through the analysis of their leukocyte profile and the recording of voluntary approach to milking parlor. An ABAB design was used, consisting of alternating periods with and without music during the management of 15 Holstein cows for 14 days. At the end of each period, blood samples were collected to determine the number of leukocyte counts. In addition, a voluntary approach to the milking parlor was measured. For statistical analysis, the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test with an alpha value of 0.05 was used. During periods with music, more cows voluntarily approached the milking parlor and had higher total leukocyte counts. In conclusion, music enrichment improves cattle handling, with a significant positive effect on leukogram profiles
Modification of PEEK for implants: Strategies to improve mechanical, antibacterial, and osteogenic properties
Authors: Chen Menghao , Luo Chengfeng , Yuan Ying , Zhou Hao , Li Zhanglong , Wang Qiang , Gong Baijuan , Li Zhimin , Sun Hongchen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK), a biomaterial renowned for its mechanical prowess and biocompatibility, is increasingly preferred for medical implants. Its natural bone-like mechanical property, ease of manipulation, and ability to mitigate stress shielding render it a standout replacement for titanium in dental implantology. Adding carbon fiber and graphene to PEEK can further enhance the mechanical properties of PEEK. However, the biological passivity of PEEK hampers its efficacy in bone repair, driving spurring research into surface modifications to enhance its bioactivity. Incorporating metal, inorganic, and organic antimicrobial agents is anticipated to bolster PEEK’s resistance to bacteria, thereby reducing the risk of acute postoperative infections and peri-implantitis. Apart from its antimicrobial activity, researchers have also investigated methods to enhance the osteogenic properties of PEEK. These approaches include surface modification and blending modification. Surface modification includes physical modification, chemical modification, and biologically active substance modification. These methods can further enhance the implant integration and durability, potentially improving patient outcomes. This overview examines PEEK’s processing techniques and highlights recent research achievements in improving its biomechanical, antibacterial, and osteogenic properties. Considering these strides, we argue that modified PEEK holds significant promise as a material for dental implants, charting an encouraging course for its clinical future.
Comprehensive reviews on the potential applications of inorganic metal sulfide nanostructures in biological, environmental, healthcare, and energy generation and storage
Authors: Saeed Mohsin , Shahzad Umer , Rabbee Muhammad Fazle , Al-Humaidi Jehan Y. , Marwani Hadi M. , Rehman Shujah Ur , Shabbir Anam , Ayub Muhammad Naeem , Althomali Raed H. , Asghar Muhammad Nadeem , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The versatile nature of metal sulfide nanostructures has led to their meteoric rise in popularity. The compositions, morphologies, and sizes of these nanostructures may be tuned, giving them distinct features. Here we look at the many uses of metal sulfide nanostructures, with an emphasis on their possible benefits in the fields of biology, ecology, and energy storage. Because of their remarkable optical characteristics and high degree of biocompatibility, metal sulfide nanostructures have great potential in the biological fields of bioimaging, medication administration, and photothermal treatment. Additionally, because of their large surface area and adsorption capability, these nanostructures show outstanding performance in environmental remediation, which includes pollutant removal and wastewater treatment. Because of their great conductivity and electrochemical activity, metal sulfide nanostructures are also in great demand for energy storage applications such supercapacitors, hydrogen storage, and lithium-ion batteries. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent progress in synthesizing various metal sulfides with transition metal elements. Effective physiochemical and biological approaches are employed in their production to control the structures, dimensions, and compositions of these sulfides.
Public Trust in Technology – A Moral Obligation?
Authors: Myskja Bjørn K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Biotechnology proponents claim that the public has a duty to trust biotechnology due to its potential for handling significant future food security challenges. This article uses Kant’s moral and political philosophy as basis for constructing a framework for analyzing trust as a moral duty, both in personal relationships and in institutional settings. This includes trust in technology that is of societal significance. A discussion of key concepts of trust leads to an argument that there is a conditional duty of reflexive trust in fundamental social institutions, including technology. However, reflexive trust in, for example, food biotechnology cannot be conceived of as an individual task. A duty of reflexive trust in technology can only be achieved within a publicly controlled institution of trust-building systematic distrust. This system should ideally clarify which instances and to what extent a technology is ethically justifiable and of benefit to society in general.