bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat and Mass Transfer of Water During Activated Carbon Adsorption
Authors: Tang Lin , Li Liqing , Yao Xiaolong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn order to investigate the dynamic process of the heat and mass transfer phenomenon of water vapor on activated carbon, a fixed‐column adsorption unit and two kinds of activated carbon were used as adsorbent for water vapor adsorption under the adsorption temperature 293.15 K, 303.15 K and 313.15 K, respectively. A coupled model was developed by mass and energy balance, mass transfer and simplified DO adsorption equilibrium equation. The effects of physical parameters on heat and mass transfer were theoretically investigated. Results show that the numerical model match well with the experimental data (R2>0.993). The axial diffusion coefficient (DL) increases from 1.226×10−6 m2 s−1 to 4.062×10−6 m2 s−1 for RAC and 1.425×10−6 m2 s−1 to 4.030×10−6 m2 s−1 for MAC, mass transfer coefficient (k) increases from 8.171 s−1 to 27.083 s−1 for RAC and 9.499 s−1 to 26.864 s−1 for MAC. Concurrently, the breakthrough time of adsorption water vapor gradually shorten from 1000 s to 780 s with temperature increasing from 293.15 K to 313.15 K. The effect of axial diffusion coefficient (DL) on mass transfer is not obvious. Furthermore, the influence of the mass transfer coefficient (k) on temperature variation rate surpasses that of the internal heat transfer coefficient (h).
CO2‐Steam Bi‐Reforming of Methane Over La1−xSrxNi0.8Zr0.2O3 Perovskite Catalysts to Generate Hydrogen Rich Syngas
Authors: Mallikarjun G. , Kumari Rashmi , Chandrashekar P. , Yedukondalu N. , Soujanya Y. , Sumana C. , Lingaiah N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study proposes La and Sr‐containing La1−xSrxNi0.8Zr0.2O3 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) perovskites as potential catalysts for bi‐reforming of methane (BRM) with CO2 and steam to produce hydrogen rich syngas. The catalysts were prepared by sol‐gel method and characterized using various techniques such as XRD, H2‐TPR, BET, CO2‐TPD and CHNS analysis. The characterization studies revealed that metal‐support interaction increased with the increase in the composition of Sr and the reduction behavior of Ni found to vary with the addition of Sr. The total energy calculations reveal that the addition of Sr to the LNZ system shirnks the volume due to low atomic and high ionic radii of Sr over La, which increases the total energy of system driving towards instability with increasing doping concentration of Sr. CO2‐TPD results suggest that a small amount of Sr can change the basicity of the support. The BRM activity results revealed that La0.8Sr0.2Ni0.8Zr0.2O3 perovskite is the most promising and active catalyst. The proposed catalysts are found to be advantageous w.r.t less carbon deposition due to the increased dispersion, small crystalline size, and required basicity of the support. The disclosed catalyst has shown excellent stability for a studied period of 100 h.
Growth of Single Crystalline 2D Materials beyond Graphene on Non‐metallic Substrates
Authors: Gao Wenjin , Zhi Guoxiang , Zhou Miao , Niu Tianchao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advent of 2D materials has ushered in the exploration of their synthesis, characterization and application. While plenty of 2D materials have been synthesized on various metallic substrates, interfacial interaction significantly affects their intrinsic electronic properties. Additionally, the complex transfer process presents further challenges. In this context, experimental efforts are devoted to the direct growth on technologically important semiconductor/insulator substrates. This review aims to uncover the effects of substrate on the growth of 2D materials. The focus is on non‐metallic substrate used for epitaxial growth and how this highlights the necessity for phase engineering and advanced characterization at atomic scale. Special attention is paid to monoelemental 2D structures with topological properties. The conclusion is drawn through a discussion of the requirements for integrating 2D materials with current semiconductor‐based technology and the unique properties of heterostructures based on 2D materials. Overall, this review describes how 2D materials can be fabricated directly on non‐metallic substrates and the exploration of growth mechanism at atomic scale.
An optimal exact interval for the risk ratio in the 2×2$$ 2\times 2 $$ table with structural zero
Authors: Wang Weizhen , Cao Xingyun , Xie Tianfa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe table with a structural zero represents a common scenario in clinical trials and epidemiology, characterized by a specific empty cell. In such cases, the risk ratio serves as a vital parameter for statistical inference. However, existing confidence intervals, such as those constructed through the score test and Bayesian methods, fail to achieve the prescribed nominal level. Our focus is on numerically constructing exact confidence intervals for the risk ratio. We achieve this by optimally combining the modified inferential model method and the ‐function method. The resulting interval is then compared with intervals generated by four existing methods: the score method, the exact score method, the Bayesian tailed‐based method and the inferential model method. This comparison is conducted based on the infimum coverage probability, average interval length and non‐coverage probability criteria. Remarkably, our proposed interval outperforms other exact intervals, being notably shorter. To illustrate the effectiveness of our approach, we discuss two examples in detail.
Reviewing forgotten “Pre‐Linnaean” generic names validly published in the third volume of Diderot and d'Alembert's Encyclopédie in 1753
Authors: Martinez Agustina , Pastore José Floriano Barêa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive review of previously overlooked names published in the third volume of the Encyclopédie by Diderot and d'Alembert in 1753. These names primarily originate from Tournefort's pre‐Linnaean work, including textual copies of Tournefort's descriptions. We identified 21 names as having been validly published. Notably, among these are five generic names (Castanea, Chamaemelum, Chrysanthemoides, Citreum, Cydonia) wherein the taxonomic authorship shifts from Miller to Daubenton according to priority. Consequently, by our typifications, Miller's names from 1754 are later isonyms. Additionally, the generic name Chamaebuxus takes priority over Polygaloides. As a result, we propose a new combination, Chamaebuxus paucifolia and designate types for 31 generic names and isonyms: Caprifolium, Castanea, Chamaebuxus, Chamaecerasus, Chamaemelum, Chamaerhododendros, Chrysanthemoides, Cichorium, Cicuta, Cicutaria, Clandestina, Clymenum, Colocynthis, Citreum, Clematitis, Coa, Comaroides, Cydonia, Gramen, Scorpioides, and Sisarum, and lectotypes for two species names: Chamaebuxus paucifolia and Polygala uniflora.
Sources, fate, distribution, impact, and treatment of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking water
Authors: Yuniarto Adhi , Hadibarata Tony 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis review examined the global issue of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking water, including their sources, health effects, and the efficacy of advanced treatment technologies like biodegradation and photocatalytic degradation, using case studies. Recently, endocrine disrupting substances or disruptors in drinking water have become a global issue. Emerging pollutants including endocrine disrupting chemicals can enter the body through water drinking. Endocrine disruptors affect gene expression and damage the endocrine system, harming humans, wildlife, and the environment. Pesticides, detergents and surfactants, plasticizers, industrial compounds, medicines, natural plant derivatives, and heavy metals are endocrine disruptive compounds in water. These endocrine disrupting substances enter raw water bodies by untreated and treated wastewater discharges, runoff, and leachate. However, the convectional drinking water treatment facility cannot cleanse and process endocrine disruptive substances from raw water intakes, resulting in inefficient eliminations and health risks. Mechanisms, benefits, and drawbacks of new water treatment technologies such biodegradation, photocatalytic degradation, and oxidation for endocrine disruptive chemicals are reviewed. Thus, many case studies from the Philippines, Mexico, and Egypt will be examined to highlight the health dangers of EDC exposure.
Advanced multimaterial shape optimization methods as applied to advanced manufacturing of wind turbine generators
Authors: Sethuraman Latha , Glaws Andrew , Skinner Miles , Parans Paranthaman M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrently, many utility‐scale wind turbine generator original equipment manufacturers are dependent on imported rare earth permanent magnets, which are susceptible to market risks from cost instability. To lower the production costs of these generators and stay competitive in the market, several small wind manufacturers are pursuing continuous improvements to both generator design and manufacturing. However, traditional design and manufacturing methods have yielded marginal improvements in wind power performance. This work presents novel methods to redesign a baseline 15‐kW wind turbine generator with reduced rare‐earth permanent magnets by leveraging cutting‐edge three‐dimensional (3D) printed polymer‐bonded permanent magnets and steel. Symmetric, asymmetric, and multimaterial‐magnet parametrization methods are introduced for shape optimization. We extend the symmetric and asymmetric methods to the back iron in the stator to further investigate the impact and opportunities for performance improvements with lesser active materials. We employ a design‐of‐experiments approach with parametric computer‐aided design for shape generation and evaluate different designs by magneto‐thermal modeling and finite‐element analysis. We use adaptive sampling technique to identify better performing designs with lesser magnet mass, higher efficiency, and lower cogging torque when compared with the baseline generator. Asymmetric pole designs resulted in a magnet mass in the range of 4.77–5.37 kg, which was 27%–35% lighter than the baseline generator, suggesting that a new design freedom exists that can be enabled by advanced manufacturing, such as 3D printing. Shaping the back iron in the stator resulted in material savings in electrical steel of up to 14.62 kg, which was 20% lighter than the baseline stator. We conducted a structural analysis to evaluate an optimized asymmetric rotor design from the point of view of mechanical integrity and air‐gap stiffness. The magnetically optimal shape profile was shown as having a positive impact on the radial stiffness, and an optimal solution was discovered to reduce the structural mass by nearly 30 kg, which was 29% lighter than the baseline.
Highly effective ultrafiltration membranes based on plastic waste for dye removal from water
Authors: Mansor Eman S. , Abdallah Heba , Shaban A. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractApplicable and low‐cost ultrafiltration membranes based on waste polystyrene (WPS) blend and poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were effectively cast on nonwoven support using phase inversion method. Analysis was done into how the WPS ratio affected the morphology and antifouling performance of the fabricated membranes. Cross flow filtration of pure water and various types of polluted aqueous solutions as the feed was used to assess the performance of the membranes. The morphology analysis shows that the WPS/PVDF membrane layer has completely changed from a spongy structure to a finger‐like structure. In addition, the modified membrane with 50% WPS demonstrated that the trade‐off between selectivity and permeability is met by a significant improvement in the rejection of the membrane with a reduction in permeate flux due to the addition of PVDF. With a water permeability of 50 LMH and 44 LMH, respectively, the optimized WPS‐PVDF membrane with 50% WPS could reject 81% and 74% of Congo red dye (CR) and methylene blue dye (MB), respectively. The flux recovery ratio (FRR) reached to 88.2% by increasing PVDF concentration with 50% wt. Also, this membrane has the lowest irreversible fouling (Rir) value of 11.7% and lowest reversible fouling (Rr) value of 27.9%. The percent of cleaning efficiency reach to 71%, 90%, and 85% after eight cycles of humic acid (HA), CR, and MB filtration, respectively, for the modified PS‐PVDF (50%–50%). However, higher PVDF values cause the membrane's pores to become clogged, increase the irreversible fouling, and decrease the cleaning efficiency. In addition to providing promising filtration results, the modified membrane is inexpensive because it was made from waste polystyrene, and as a result, it could be scaled up to treat colored wastewater produced by textile industries.Practitioner Points

Recycling of plastic waste as an UF membrane for water/wastewater treatment was successfully prepared and investigated.
Mechanical properties showed reasonable response with adding PVDF.
The modified membrane with 50% PS demonstrated that the trade‐off between selectivity and permeability is met by a significant improvement in the rejection.
Intrahousehold empowerment patterns, gender power relations, and food security in Uganda
Authors: Barak Farzaneh , Efitre Jackson , Odong Robinson , Melgar‐Quiñonez Hugo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examined (a) the relationship between women's empowerment, men's empowerment, and food security within households and (b) the effect of gender power in households on the food security status of women and men in Uganda's fishing villages using NutriFish project data (N = 762). An inaugural intersectional gender analysis approach applied the project‐level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro‐WEAI), categorizing indicators into five domains: decision making, labor sharing, resource access, norms and beliefs, and gender parity within households. Binary logit models were computed, including interactions between the empowerment of women and men, controlling for individual‐ and household‐level characteristics, and stratified by gender and occupation (i.e., fishing vs. non‐fishing) to account for context differences. Results showed that empowering women in non‐fishing groups enhanced food security for both genders, regardless of men's empowerment. In fishing groups, women's food security improved most when their partners were already empowered, while men's empowerment remained relatively unaffected. Notably, the norms and beliefs domain was strongly linked to food security, except for non‐fishing men. Context‐specific gender interventions and analyses are vital to address food security disparities and critical to informing project implementers and policymakers in gender‐ and nutrition‐sensitive development projects to target the most vulnerable groups.
Initial Experiences of Electronic Medical Record Simulation Environment in eHealth Education Course for Medical Students in Finland
Authors: Kuikka Petra , Veikkolainen Paula , Salmijärvi Tiina , Tuovinen Timo , Kulmala Petri , Reponen Jarmo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDifferent electronic medical record systems (EMR) have established themselves as part of the Finnish health care service provision. There is a need to ensure health care professionals’ competence and training for such systems. The MEDigi project, aimed to modernize and harmonize the Finnish basic medical education, recognized EMR systems as a key competence area for medical professionals in eHealth topics. The project also led to the development of a new eHealth course and an EMR simulation environment targeted for medical students based on the Esko EMR system already in production use.A new simulation environment was developed in cooperation with the Faculty of Medicine at University of Oulu and Esko Systems Ltd. The simulation environment was implemented as an optional exercise in a cross-institutional web-based course teaching eHealth topics to medical students in the spring 2023. Students’ experiences with the simulation environment and associated exercise were collected with a feedback survey using 5- and 10-point Likert scales.An EMR simulation environment “TrainingEsko” was successfully implemented into the “Basics in eHealth for Medical Students” course. Up to 11 medical students took part in the exercise, of which two participated in the associated feedback survey. They expressed satisfaction with the performance of the simulation environment and the associated exercise.Our initial experiences with the EMR simulation environment give support for the further use of the EMR simulation environment in future course implementations. According to the feedback the students found the environment effective and the exercises beneficial for learning about EMR systems.
The Role of Digital Care Pathway for Epilepsy on Patients’ Treatment Burden: Clinicians’ Perspective
Authors: Polus Manria , Keikhosrokiani Pantea , Uusimaa Johanna , Komulainen-Ebrahim Jonna , Annunen Johanna , Khan Sehrish , Behutiye Woubshet , Vieira Päivi , Isomursu Minna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEpilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, requiring long-term treatment. The workload and impact of treatment causes a significant burden to patients. Digital care pathways may have potential for reducing treatment burden, but there also may be concerns of additional burden caused by digital healthcare. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of digital care pathway on treatment burden for patients with epilepsy. This was a single case study with the digital care pathway for epilepsy in the Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia (Pohde), in Finland, as a unit of analysis. The data was collected by observing an expert meeting of three clinicians. The meeting focused on five pre-defined domains of treatment burden: Medication burden, Time and travel burden, Financial burden, Social and emotional burden, and Healthcare access burden. The data was analyzed qualitatively and organized based on the pre-defined categories. The results suggest that the digital care pathway supports patients with treatment burden for all the pre-defined domains. Reported benefits include reduced travel, options for remote appointments, providing informational support and easier ways to contact healthcare professionals (HCPs). The main concerns clinicians had was could the use of digital care pathway cause rushed treatment decisions, difficulties of building trust and seeking support from HCPs, and difficulties of using the digital systems. A new theme emerged from the data, Diverse burdens, highlighting the variety of patients with epilepsy with differing needs for treatment.
Design Sustainability Goals for Digital Care Pathway for Epilepsy: A Healthcare Professionals’ Perspective
Authors: Khan Sehrish , Keikhosrokiani Pantea , Uusimaa Johanna , Annunen Johanna , Komulainen-Ebrahim Jonna , Polus Manria , Vieria Paivi , Isomursu Minna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe healthcare systems across the world are transitioning towards sustainable development of digital health solutions such as digital care pathway (DCP) to meet the growing needs of healthcare services. DCP is a digital health solution to provide facilities like making online appointments, ease of access to connect with a healthcare professional (HCP), sharing symptoms and tracking progress of the disease. In this paper, a team of researchers and healthcare professionals (HCP) examine and propose the sustainability goals for Digital Care Pathway for Epilepsy (DCPE) project from the economic, social, and environmental perspectives. The project is a DCPE for children, adolescents, and adult patients with epilepsy. The research methodology is a single case study approach based on the DCPE in Northern Ostrobothnia Wellbeing County (Pohde), in Finland as a unit analysis. Furthermore, the data was collected using feedback from a co-design session with four HCPs all working as clinicians in epilepsy care at Oulu University Hospital. The analysis from the co-design session resulted in various factors to achieve sustainability goals like reduction in travel to hospital, cost efficient, time saving, ease of access to connect with HCPs, and lower CO2 emission. However, there are several challenges such as adaptation to the online treatment options, proper management, and scheduling of online appointments, and building trust in epilepsy patients for remote treatment. Despite the challenges, HCPs confirm that the DCPE can be useful for treating patients with epilepsy through remote consultation along with the traditional ways.
Factors Affecting Marginalized Older Peoples’ Digital Exclusion Evaluated by Gerontological Social Work Professionals
Authors: Paananen Virpi , Rivinen Susanna , Tohmola Anniina , Elo Satu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDigitalization is one of today’s megatrends, and the increased development and use of various digital services emphasize the importance of sufficient guidance, support, and digital skills. The purpose of this study was to describe factors that can lead to an increased possibility of digital exclusion of marginalized older people evaluated by gerontological social work professionals. The aim was to obtain knowledge for developing age-friendly digital literacy education for older people. The research was qualitative: data was collected from gerontological social work professionals (n = 23) through an open-ended electronic survey and analyzed by using inductive content analysis. Professionals considered that marginalized older people had personal difficulties reaching or adopting digital services with deteriorating cognitive and physical abilities, such as impaired functioning, a lack of motivation or fears, and missing equipment. The possibility of digital exclusion of older people can also be increased by external factors, such as a lack of support and counseling resources, and competence from professionals. Therefore, to be able to utilize digital services, marginalized older people need plenty of support from care workers which should be considered in the service time. In addition, the digitalization of services prevents marginalized older people from managing their own lives unnecessarily early. There is a need to develop facilitating services, and support for acquiring digital skills and advocacy.
Adaptive Security in 6G for Sustainable Healthcare
Authors: Ahmad Ijaz , Ahmad Ijaz , Harjula Erkki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract6G will fulfill the requirements of future digital healthcare systems through emerging decentralized computing and secure communications technologies. Digital healthcare solutions employ numerous low-power and resource-constrained connected things, such as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). However, the current digital healthcare solutions will face two major challenges. First, the proposed solutions are based on the traditional IoT-Cloud model that will experience latency and reliability challenges to meet the expectations and requirements of digital healthcare, while potentially inflicting heavy network load. Second, the existing digital healthcare solutions will face security challenges due to the inherent limitations of IoMT caused by the lack of resources for proper security in those devices. Therefore, in this research, we present a decentralized adaptive security architecture for the successful deployment of digital healthcare. The proposed architecture leverages the edge-cloud continuum to meet the performance, efficiency, and reliability requirements. It can adapt the security solution at run-time to meet the limited capacity of IoMT devices without compromising the security of critical data. Finally, the research outlines comprehensive methodologies for validating the proposed security architecture.