bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mixed-methods process evaluation of a combined physical activity and psychological therapy intervention for socially disadvantaged young people.
Authors: Thomas Jennifer , Crone Diane , Bowes Nicola , Thirlaway Katie , Mackintosh Kelly A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that interventions combining physical activity with psychological therapy can improve engagement, retention, and psychological outcomes of young people experiencing homelessness (YPEH). However, the challenges associated with implementing such interventions remain poorly understood. To address this lack of understanding, the aim of this study was to evaluate the barriers and facilitators to implementation of a community-based intervention comprising physical activity and psychotherapy for YPEH.
Methods: A retrospective mixed-methods process evaluation was undertaken to explore recruitment and retention, fidelity, dose delivered, and dose received, of the intervention. Quantitative data sources included attendance registers, which were analysed using descriptive statistics, with qualitative data obtained from interviews with implementers, and focus groups with participants, which were analysed using a predominantly deductive thematic approach. This data was subsequently triangulated with intervention-fidelity monitoring forms, and non-participant observations to support interpretation of the findings.
Results: Six participants initially enrolled into the study, with three achieving >75% attendance. Challenges to recruitment and retention were multi-factorial, however, a lack of organisational resources (staff support and transportation) appeared to have the greatest influence. Implementer interviews and monitoring forms evidenced that fidelity and dose delivered of both intervention components (physical activity and psychotherapy) were good. Moreover, triangulated data suggested that adaptations did not adversely impact on effectiveness. Dose received by participants was indicative of their engagement with sessions rather than attendance, including perceived quality of the intervention received. Contextual barriers and facilitators to implementation outcomes were identified across individual, organisational, and intervention-level domains.
Conclusions: Implementation-related factors across multiple levels contributed to challenges encountered, rather than a lack of feasibility or acceptability of a combined physical activity and psychotherapy intervention. Allowing flexibility for necessary adaptations was identified as a key facilitator to intervention delivery and contributed to positive experiences reported by participants. Working with stakeholders from project inception may be necessary for overcoming identified barriers, could help facilitate scale-up of the intervention, and facilitate the translation from research into routine practice.
Clinical predictors and correlates of viral suppression among people living with HIV accessing care at the Federal Medical Center HIV clinic in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Salawu Mobolaji Modinat , Olasunkanmi Yusuff Akinkunmi , Okedare Omowumi Omolola , Imhonopi Gloria Bosede 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Globally, Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) continues to be one of the world’s most significant public health issues. At the end of 2022, 39.0 million people were living with HIV (PLHIV) worldwide with 9% resident in Nigeria. Viral suppression is associated with a reduction in HIV disease progression. However, Nigeria is yet to achieve the 95-95-95 declaration of UNAIDS 2020 to eliminate the global HIV epidemic. This study assessed the clinical predictors and correlates of viral suppression among people living with HIV accessing care at Antiretroviral Therapy clinic in Federal Medical Center Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Methods
The study design was a facility-based retrospective cohort study that was conducted among patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at HIV clinic from May 2016 to October 22, 2021, Federal Medical Center of Abeokuta (FMCA), Ogun State Nigeria. Secondary data was exported from Microsoft Excel into Stata MP 17 for data cleaning and recoding, and analysis. Stepwise model selection was done for factors associated with viral suppression and binary logistic regression was used to investigate the predictors of viral suppression among participants at p-value < 0.05.
Results
Majority of the patients were females 1116(73.4%) and 241(15.9%) were aged 25–34 years. One thousand three hundred and eighty-six (90%) of the clients achieved viral suppression. Predictors of viral suppression were older age group of 25–34 years (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.19–5.78, p < 0.017) and > 45 years (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.11–5.28, p < 0.026), and active on ART (OR: 6.05, 95% CI: 4.10–8.91, p < 0.000).
Conclusion
Viral suppression was significant among patients who were older and ART active. Improving drug adherence is a significant factor to enhance viral suppression among PLHIV. It is important to promote clinic attendance and strengthen support groups so as to encourage drug adherence among PLHIV.
Identification of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Biomarkers Through Machine Learning and Bioinformatics Approaches
Authors: Lei Jingchao , Zhai Jia , Qi Jing , Sun Chuanzheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is prevalent in septic patients and presents as a combination of extracranial infection and clinical manifestations of neurological dysfunction. Typical symptoms of the disease include acute cognitive impairment and long-term cognitive decline. It is associated with increased mortality in sepsis. The aim of this study was to identify SAE-related genes and explore their diagnostic value in SAE.
Methods We analyzed the existing sepsis-associated encephalopathy datasets GSE198862 and GSE167610, subsequently merged them after batch correction, and reanalyzed the combined dataset. Using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), we identified the most crucial gene module. This module was then subjected to various machine learning methods to identify feature genes, and finally, in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the expression of these genes in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
Results In the analysis of the combined GSE198862 and GSE167610 datasets, we identified 138 differentially expressed genes, with 84 genes showing significant upregulation in the non-merged datasets. Notably, the "Coral" module, discovered through WGCNA, contained 728 genes, exhibiting a remarkable overlap with the previously identified differentially expressed genes. Machine learning approaches, including Elastic Net regression, LASSO, random forest, and XGBoost, yielded 5 and 11 marker genes, respectively. These markers, including Lcn2, Atp10d, Rps21, Anax2, Gabarap, S100a11, Pglyrp1, Labm3, and Fkbp4, displayed conspicuous upregulation in a concentration-dependent neurodegenerative disease model.
Conclusion This study reveals significant upregulated biomarkers in septic encephalopathy, indicating the core mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of the condition, which could serve as potential therapeutic targets.
Large eddy simulations of Zinc ions transfer to turbulent flows from hyporheic zone
Authors: Jin Yiming , Chen Jinfeng , Zhang Jinlong , Zhao Zehao , Fan Dongliang , Dong Yuhong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Metal contaminants from surface water pollution events often enter hyporheic zones, under certain conditions, they may be released back into streams, causing secondary pollution to the water quality. The present study investigated the effects of adsorption, permeability, and anisotropy of sediment beds on the release of zinc ions (Zn2+) from the hyporheic zone into overlying turbulent flows using large-eddy simulations (LES). The volume-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and advection-diffusion equation with adsorption term were used to describe the sediment in-flow, adsorption, and convective diffusion of Zn2+ within the sediment layer. The effects of sediment permeability on the Zn2+ concentration distribution and mass transfer processes were investigated by time-averaged statistics of flow and concentration fields. The results show that adsorption becomes stronger as the pH value increases, leading to a slow increase in Zn2+ concentration in the overlying water layer and reaching a lower steady-state concentration. Higher overall permeability of the sediment layer can enhance mass and momentum exchange near the sediment-water interface (SWI), and intensify the release of Zn2+ from the sediment layer into the overlying water. As the wall-normal permeability of the sediment layer increases, the normal turbulent intensity strengthens, momentum transport enhances the wall-normal Zn2+ concentration flux increases, the effective diffusion coefficient increases, and the concentration in the overlying water increases.
The relationship between components of the biosafety incident response competence for clinical nursing staff: a network analysis
Authors: Wu Chao , Wang Wenwen , He Jing , Zhang Linyuan , Fu Mimi , Zhang Xinyan , Lang Hongjuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Nowadays, the threat to biosafety is widespread and persistent, which poses a serious threat to the life of all mankind. One crucial step in addressing the biosafety issue is defining the clinical nursing staff’s competence in biosafety incident response. However, network analysis studies of the relationship between components of the biosafety incident response competence for clinical nurses are lacking.
Purpose
In order to better and more precisely assist clinical nurses in improving their biosafety incident response ability and countering biosafety threats, the present study investigated the network structure of components of the biosafety incident response competence.
Methods
A total of 4338 clinical nurses were enrolled in our study from September to November 2023. Biosafety coping skills in nursing staff were evaluated with the biosafety incident response competence scale designed by research team. Network analyses were used for the statistical analysis.
Results
P4 “Master the correct collection methods of blood culture samples and nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with biological infection”, M3 “Possess the ability to assess the harm of pathogenic microorganisms”, D5 “Master the key points of medical record management and record of patients with biological infection” and K5 “Be familiar with the concept of antimicrobial resistance and the use of antimicrobials” have the highest expected influences in the present network. In the community of biosafety infection protection abilities, P4 “Master the correct collection methods of blood culture samples and nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with biological infection” has the highest bridge expected influence. In the community of biosafety event monitoring and warning abilities, M4 “Understand the main points and requirements of detection and screening of pathogenic microorganisms and drug-resistant bacteria” has the highest bridge expected influence. And in the community of biosafety knowledge preparedness, D8 “Possess the ability to properly transport and evacuate bio-infected patients”, K1 “Be familiar with biosafety incidents involving paramedics that require paramedic involvement” has the highest bridge expected influence.
Conclusion
Complex patterns of associations existed in the relationship between components of the biosafety incident response competence for clinical nursing staff. From the perspective of network analysis, P4, M3, D5 and K5 have the highest expected influence, indicating their highest importance in the network. P4, M4, D8 and K1 have the highest bridge expected influence, indicating they have the strongest connections with the other 3 communities. These results have important implications for clinical practice, which provided potential targets for interventions to improve the ability of nursing staff to deal with biosafety events.
THE EFFECT OF THE TRAINING BASED ON THE TEACH-BACK METHOD PROVIDED TO WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE FOR THE PROTECTION FROM SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ON THEIR BEHAVIORS
Authors: Kılavuz Mustafa , Yiğit Feride 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim
The aim of the research is to examine the effect of training based on the teach-back method provided to women of reproductive age for protection from sexually transmitted diseases on their behaviors.
Background
Sexually transmitted diseases cause significant health problems for many women every year. The transmission of sexually transmitted diseases can be prevented through health education, which is among the preventive health services. Nurses are the leading health educators. Nurses should learn new education systems and models and use them in their practice.
Design
This study has a randomized controlled design.
Method
The teach-back method and face-to-face training were provided to women of reproductive age experimentally for protection from sexually transmitted diseases. In this research, the teach-back method in which there were 42 participants in each group, an identifying information form for women in three groups who were provided face-to-face training and not trained, the Behavioral Scale for Protection from Sexually Transmitted Diseases were applied pre-training, fifteen days and three months after the training.
Results
The mean score of the Behavioral Scale for Protection from Sexually Transmitted Diseases was found to be 75.57 ± 12.78 pre-training, 82.54 ± 9.59 fifteen days after the training and 81.85 ± 9.28 three months after the training in women who were trained with the teach-back method; 76.92 ± 10.03 pre-training, 80.78 ± 8.72 fifteen days after the training and 80.21 ± 8.77 three months after the training in women who received face-to-face training, while it was found in women who did not receive face-to-face training to be 75.73 ± 6.14 pre-training, 75.61 ± 6.01 fifteen days after the training and 75.54 ± 6.09 three months after the training and there was a statistically significant relationship between them (F = 6.736; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
As a result of the research, it was found that the training provided to women with the teach-back method had a positive effect on women's behaviors and was more effective than face-to-face training.
Adjunctive treatment of sepsis with mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a systemic review and meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies
Authors: Charoensappakit Awirut , Sae‑khow Kritsanawan , Rattanaliam Pongpera , Vutthikraivit Nuntanuj , Maneesow Patinya , Sripras Thitiwat , Pecheenbuvan Monvasi , Leelahavanichkul Asada 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Multiple preclinical studies have reported a beneficial effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs), in the treatment of sepsis. However, the therapeutic effect of MSC-EVs is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis by summarizing data from all published studies that met the criteria for a systematic review on the association between EV treatment and mortality in animal models of sepsis.
Methods: Systematic retrieval of all studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science that reported the effects of EVs on sepsis models up to December 2023 was performed. The targeted outcome was animal mortality. After screening the eligible articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the inverse variance method of the fixed effect model was used to calculate the joint odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: A total of 53 studies met the inclusion criteria, indicating that EVs treatment was associated with reduced mortality in animal models of sepsis, with a RR of 0.53 and a 95%CI of 0.46 to 0.60 (p < 0.001) and RD of -0.35 and 95%CI of -0.41 to -0.30 (p < 0.001). Subsequent subgroup analysis revealed that several factors,such as sepsis models and EV administration (source, dose, time to injection, and route of administion), may significantly affect the therapeutic efficacy of EVs.
Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that MSC-EVs treatment may be associated with lower mortality in animal models of sepsis. Subsequent preclinical studies will need to address the standardization of dose, source, and timing of EVs to provide comparable data. In addition, the effectiveness of EVs in treating sepsis must be studied in large animal studies to provide important clues for human clinical trials.
Lake toxin concentrations increase when phosphorus is reduced
Authors: Schampera Charlotte , Niemeyer Thomas , Pries Julia , Hellweger Ferdi L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Harmful algal blooms are an urgent global societal problem threatening safe use of lakes for drinking and recreation, whereas the management solutions are hotly debated. Reducing phosphorous loading can be successful in decreasing cyanobacterial biomass but the effect on toxin concentration is unclear. The underlying mechanisms, laboratory data, limited circumstantial evidence from field observations and models suggest toxin concentrations may actually increase. What has been missing is field data to support or refute this. We analyzed timeseries data from hundreds of lakes (US National Lakes Assessment) and show that when phosphorus only is reduced, microcystin (the toxin produced by the cyanobacteria Microcystis) concentration increases. However, when nitrogen is reduced together with phosphorus, microcystin concentration decreases along with biomass.
Hybrid Quantum Repeaters with Ensemble-based Quantum Memories and Single-spin Photon Transducers
Authors: Borregaard Johannes , Borregaard Johannes , Gu Fenglei , Gu Fenglei , Menon Shankar , Menon Shankar , Maier David , Maier David , Das Antariksha , Das Antariksha , Chakraborty Tanmoy , Chakraborty Tanmoy , Tittel Wolfgang , Tittel Wolfgang , Bernien Hannes , Bernien Hannes 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Reliable quantum communication over hundreds of kilometers is a daunting yet necessary requirement for a quantum internet. To overcome photon loss, the deployment of quantum repeater stations between distant network nodes is necessary. A plethora of different quantum hardware is being developed for this purpose, each platform with its own opportunities and challenges. Here, we propose to combine two promising hardware platforms in a hybrid quantum repeater architecture to lower the cost and boost the performance of long-distance quantum communication. We outline how ensemble-based quantum memories combined with single-spin photon transducers, which can transfer quantum information between a photon and a single spin, can facilitate massive multiplexing, efficient photon generation, and quantum logic for amplifying communication rates. As a specific example, we describe how a single Rubidium (Rb) atom coupled to nanophotonic resonators can function as a high-rate, telecom-visible entangled photon source with the visible photon being compatible with storage in a Thulium-doped crystal memory (Tm-memory) and the telecom photon being compatible with low loss fiber propagation. We experimentally verify that Tm and Rb transitions are in resonance with each other. Our analysis shows that by employing up to 9 repeater stations, each equipped with two Tm-memories capable of holding up to 625 storage modes, along with four single Rb atoms, one can reach a quantum communication rate of about 10 secret bits per second across distances of up to 1000 km.
Cerebrospinal fluid-derived genomic alterations tracking glioma
Authors: Zhu Zhongyuan , Yu Yanjiao , Liu Fuzhong , Yang Xiaosong , Zhou Zijie , Zhu Zhengquan , Wang Zifeng , zhang ji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Diffuse gliomas, characterized by significant heterogeneity, are aggressive brain tumors that commonly harbor oncogenic mutations. Examining the evolutionary changes of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a valuable approach for monitoring disease progression and informing treatment strategies.
Methods
To assess the genetic alterations profiling associated with glioma, we conducted targeted sequencing of ctDNA from CSF along with matched blood and tumor tissue, aiming to identify somatic alterations and DNA fragmentations. The ctDNA presents in CSF and genomic DNA obtained from the excised tumor were extracted and subsequently subjected to sequencing analysis. The identified glioma-associated mutations from ctDNA in CSF and genome DNA of the resected tumor were compared.
Results
The genomic profile of glioma in CSF exhibited a broad spectrum of genetic alterations and closely resembled the genomes of tumor samples. A minimum of one mutation specific to the tumor in 91.67% of cases (22/24) was identified. At least one tumor-specific mutation was detected in 91.67% of CSF ctDNA samples (11/12). The average mutation frequencies were similar in CSF and tumor tissue samples.
Conclusion
CSF ctDNA is a reliable candidate for detecting glioma-specific alterations for molecular profiling, complements the histopathological, molecular and imaging defect, and can be adopted into clinical practice.
Unveiling population dynamics and diversity in two European brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations through non-invasive SNP genotyping
Authors: Sastre Natalia , Francino Olga , Mercadé Anna , Cubero David , Palazón Santiago , Pinto Dani , Sanchez Armand , Casellas Joaquim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Non-invasive genetic analysis allows for monitoring and understanding population dynamics without disturbing wild animals. We present a non-invasive genetic method to identify and characterize the Cantabrian and Pyrenean (of Slovenian origin) brown bear populations. We selected an efficient panel of 61 SNPs to genotype more than 2,000 non-invasive samples from both populations. Results showed successful genotyping of 1,639 bear samples, revealing 400 different individuals. Genetic diversity was similar in both populations and differentiation between populations was highly significant. The Pyrenean population did not show genetic substructuring despite the influence of the breeding male “Pyros”. In contrast, two subpopulations are observed in the Cantabrian population. Moreover, analysis indicated a sex ratio bias in the Cantabrian population, potentially influenced by male dispersal and landscape features. Overall, the study demonstrates the utility of non-invasive genetic methods for monitoring and understanding bear populations, highlighting differences between the Pyrenean and Cantabrian populations, and providing insights into their genetic diversity, structure and demographic trends.