Abstract LB-309: The heparan sulfate mimetic PG545 increases plasma VEGF and FGF-2 in advanced cancer patients, and significantly inhibits tumor growth in preclinical models of ovarian cancer - implications for future therapy
Authors: Winterhoff Boris , Giri Shailendra , Dredge Keith S. , Hammond Edward , Teoman Attila , Busby Robert , Shridhar Vijayalakshmi 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
PG545 is a synthetic heparan sulfate (HS) mimetic purported to inhibit angiogenesis via the blockade of VEGF and FGF-2 signaling, and block the enzymatic activity of heparanase - a molecule closely associated with metastatic dissemination. The attenuation of VEGF and FGF-2 signaling is supported by recent clinical data from the first four advanced cancer patients with multiple tumor types treated with PG545 which exhibited increases in plasma VEGF and FGF-2 levels, often in close association with the drug treatments/exposure profile during the first treatment cycle over 4 weeks. Unfortunately, due to local injection site reactions associated with subcutaneous (SC) administration, the trial was recently terminated. However, to support a re-entry to the clinic using the intravenous route, we tested PG545 in a preclinical model of ovarian cancer.The rationale to investigate PG545 in ovarian cancer is derived from recently generated data which found PG545 (5 µM) almost completely inhibited migration of SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cells stimulated by each of the following HS binding growth factors: VEGF, HGF, FGF-2, SDF-1 and HB-EGF. Because HB-EGF is thought to play a major role in the spread of this cancer, PG545 was also tested against HB-EGF dependant SKOV3 cell invasion and was found to be a potent inhibitor of this process. The effect of PG545 on HB-EGF signaling pathways in these experiments were investigated and the results indicated that PG545 reduces activation of the HB-EGF receptor (EGFR) and, consequently, both AKTand MAPK signaling are also reduced. Given the strong mechanism of action data for ovarian carcinoma, PG545 was next tested in the A2780 ovarian xenograft model. The signficant antitumor activity using PG545 at 7.5 mg/kg twice weekly intravenous (IV) and 15 mg/kg once weekly IV was similar to a 20 mg/kg once weekly SC dose. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that drug exposure (AUC) over the course of a week was consistent between groups. PG545 significantly reduced tumor burden in a cisplatin resistant ovarian tumor model (C200) when given intraperitoneally at the dose of 20mg/kg, once a week until the end of the study. Most importantly, PG545 completely reduced tumor mass and reduced ascites accumulation in a syngeneic immunocompetent mouse model of ovarian cancer (ID8). Given the known effects of PG545 on heparanase and in metastatic models, these emerging data on growth factors in the clinic and HB-EGF in preclinical models provide a strong rationale to re-enter the clinic using the IV route and to focus on ovarian cancer as the clinical indication.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-309. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-309