bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanded Range and New Host Species of Mycobacterium shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii
Authors: Stine Cynthia B. , Jacobs John M. , Rhodes Matt R. , Overton Anthony , Fast Mark , Baya Ana M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Mycobacterium shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii are recently described mycobacteria commonly isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass Morone saxatilis. However, their distribution in striped bass outside of the Chesapeake region and their ability to infect alternative hosts have not been described. Mycobacteria identified as M. shottsii (based on fatty acid methyl ester analysis and multigene sequencing) were isolated from striped bass collected in Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, and white perch Morone americana in the Rhode River, Maryland, and detected in striped bass from the New York Bight off Long Island, New York. Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii were isolated from white perch in the Rhode and Corsica rivers, Maryland, and detected in striped bass in the New York Bight. This work demonstrates that these mycobacteria can be found outside of the Chesapeake Bay as well as in hosts other than striped bass.
Efficacy of Combined Regenerative Treatments in Human Mandibular Class II Furcation Defects
Authors: Santana Ronaldo B. , de Mattos Carolina Miller Leite , Van Dyke Thomas 
Published: November 2009

Background: The treatment of molar furcation defects remains a considerable challenge in clinical practice. The degree of success in the management of furcation involvement is highly variable and inversely related to initial probing depth (PD) measurements in these lesions. The identification of clinical measurements influential to the treatment outcomes is critical to optimize the results of surgical periodontal therapy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical response of mandibular buccal Class II furcation lesions to a combined regenerative treatment modality.Methods: Sixty patients were divided into two (n = 30) treatment groups. An experimental combined regenerative therapy (ET) was compared to open flap debridement (OFD). The ET was a combination of a composite graft consisting of bioabsorbable hydroxyapatite and tetracycline (3:1), a guided tissue regeneration barrier, and a coronally advanced flap. The clinical variables evaluated were plaque, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, PD, vertical attachment level (VAL), horizontal attachment level (HAL), furcation vertical height, furcation horizontal depth, and the amount of tissue under the barrier membrane at uncovering. Reevaluation was performed 12 months after the surgical procedure.Results: Both treatments resulted in improvements in all clinical variables evaluated. Postoperative measurements revealed a reduction in PD of 3.65 ± 0.6 mm and 0.60 ± 1.0 mm; VAL gains of 3.05 ± 0.6 mm and 0.65 ± 0.6 mm and HAL gains of 3.45 ± 1.3 mm and 0.55 ± 0.7 mm in the ET and OFD groups, respectively. In the ET group, significant positive correlations were found between baseline PD and PD reduction at 12 months, and the initial VAL correlated positively with PD reduction and HAL gain. The horizontal furcation depth and amount of tissue formed under the membrane at uncovering correlated positively with PD reduction and HAL and VAL gains. For the OFD group, the initial PD correlated positively with PD reduction and VAL and HAL gains and correlated negatively with recession. Initial VAL correlated positively with PD reductions and VAL and HAL gains. The initial HAL correlated negatively with recession at 12 months.Conclusions: ET exhibited significantly better clinical results, with more PD reduction, HAL and VAL gains, and a higher frequency of furcation closure compared to OFD and showed promise as a regenerative treatment technique. The ability to predict a response to treatment based upon pretreatment parameters was not consistent between groups; thus, prediction of treatment outcomes based on pretreatment measurements should be carefully evaluated for each treatment modality.
Inhibitory Signals Mediated by Programmed Death‐1 Are Involved With T‐Cell Function in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Figueira Eduardo Aleixo , de Rezende Maria Lúcia Rubo , Torres Sergio Aparecido , Garlet Gustavo Pompermaier , Lara Vanessa Soares , Santos Carlos Ferreira , Avila‐Campos Mario Julio , da Silva João Santana , Campanelli Ana Paula 
Published: November 2009

Background: Inhibitory signals mediated via molecules such as programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) play a critical role in downmodulating immune responses and maintaining peripheral tolerance. We investigated the involvement of cytokines and PD‐1 engagement in mediating the T‐cell unresponsiveness to bacterial and ubiquitous antigens in periodontal diseases.Methods: Gingival and peripheral blood samples from healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis were collected and used for the subsequent assays. Leukocytes in the lesion site and blood were evaluated using flow cytometry. The production of interferon‐γ, interleukin‐10, and transforming growth factor‐β proteins was evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the presence of PD‐1+ cells in the inflamed gingiva was confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy for CD4 and PD‐1 colocalization.Results: T cells from patients with chronic periodontitis proliferated poorly in response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) antigen. T‐cell unresponsiveness was not associated with imbalanced cytokine production. However, T cells from patients with chronic periodontitis expressed significantly higher levels of PD‐1 either upon isolation or after culture with antigens. Moreover, PD‐1 blocking did not result in significant T‐cell proliferation in cells cultured with phytohemagglutinin or bacterial antigens. The blockade of PD‐1 resulted in the increased production of IFN‐γ. In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing PD‐1 accumulated in lesions with chronic periodontitis.Conclusion: These data show that PD‐1 engagement could be involved in the modulation of IFN‐γ production by T cells in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Potential Damage to Bone–Implant Interface When Measuring Initial Implant Stability
Authors: Seong Wook‐Jin , Conrad Heather J. , Hinrichs James E. 
Published: November 2009

Background: An electronically controlled mechanical tapping device (MTD) to measure implant stability has been studied extensively for its ability to measure initial stability at the time of surgical placement and predict an implant's survival prognosis, with few reported complications.Methods: Initial stability data, measured repeatedly with a resonance frequency analysis device and the MTD, for seven of 28 implants placed in jawbones of four fresh human cadavers and the histologic images of bone–implant interfaces are presented as evidence for potential damage to the bone–implant interface using these techniques.Results: A progressive increase in mobility from stable (−1) to less stable (4) and eventually to visibly mobile (999) was observed after three measurements with the MTD. Corresponding histologic images revealed that the buccal threads in the coronal half of the implants were displaced lingually and apically from the bony indentations that were created during insertion of the self‐threading implants, subsequent to repeated MTD measurements in the buccal and axial directions. The histologic images and changes in MTD values indicated that repeated MTD measurements at the time of implant placement surgery may damage the bone–implant interface, and a stable or borderline implant may become mobile after repeated MTD measurements.Conclusions: Histologic images showed potential damage to the bone–implant interface during repeated initial implant‐stability measurements using the MTD. Initial implant‐stability measurements using the MTD should be performed with caution, and they may be contraindicated for implants placed in low‐quality bone.
Relationship Between Iron‐Deficiency Anemia and Periodontal Status in Female Patients
Authors: Enhos Sukru , Duran Ismet , Erdem Sami , Buyukbas Sadik 
Published: November 2009

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status of patients with iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA) and the correlation of changes in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) ferritin levels after periodontal therapy.Methods: Nineteen female patients with anemic hematologic values were classified as group A, and 20 healthy females with normal hematologic values were classified as group B. After group A was recruited, group B was enrolled with patients who had similar gingival indices as group A. At baseline and the 3‐month follow‐up visit, clinical periodontal indices and hematologic parameters were recorded, and GCF samples were taken. All patients received an oral hygiene‐improvement session followed by scaling, and sites with >4‐mm probing depths received root planing. At the 3‐month follow‐up visit, all measurements and analyses were repeated.Results: During the follow‐up period, all clinical indices decreased in both groups (P <0.05), but the gingival index in group A did not change. The GCF ferritin concentration showed statistically significant decreases (P <0.05), but total amounts of ferritin in GCF did not change. No significant correlation was found between serum and GCF ferritin levels.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that changes in serum ferritin levels did not correlate with the GCF ferritin levels, and IDA was not a direct risk factor for periodontal diseases.
Three‐Dimensional Stress Distribution in the Human Periodontal Ligament in Masticatory, Parafunctional, and Trauma Loads: Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Poiate Isis A. Venturini P. , de Vasconcellos Adalberto Bastos , de Santana Ronaldo Barcellos , Poiate Edgard 
Published: November 2009

Background: The presence of the periodontal ligament (PDL) makes it possible to absorb and distribute loads produced during masticatory function and other tooth contacts into the alveolar process via the alveolar bone proper. However, several factors affect the integrity of periodontal structures causing the destruction of the connective matrix and cells, the loss of fibrous attachment, and the resorption of alveolar bone.Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution by finite element analysis in a PDL in three‐dimensional models of the upper central incisor under three different load conditions: 100 N occlusal loading at 45° (model 1: masticatory load); 500 N at the incisal edge at 45° (model 2: parafunctional habit); and 800 N at the buccal surface at 90° (model 3: trauma case). The models were built from computed tomography scans.Results: The stress distribution was quite different among the models. The most significant values (harmful) of tensile and compressive stresses were observed in models 2 and 3, with similarly distinct patterns of stress distributions along the PDL. Tensile stresses were observed along the internal and external aspects of the PDL, mostly at the cervical and middle thirds.Conclusions: The stress generation in these models may affect the integrity of periodontal structures. A better understanding of the biomechanical behavior of the PDL under physiologic and traumatic loading conditions might enhance the understanding of the biologic reaction of the PDL in health and disease.
Serum Inflammatory Mediators in Pregnancy: Changes After Periodontal Treatment and Association With Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Michalowicz Bryan S. , Novak M. John , Hodges James S. , DiAngelis Anthony , Buchanan William , Papapanou Panos N. , Mitchell Dennis A. , Ferguson James E. , Lupo Virginia , Bofill James , Matseoane Stephen , Steffen Michelle , Ebersole Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2009

Background: The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) if periodontal treatment in pregnant women before 21 weeks of gestation alters levels of inflammatory mediators in serum; and 2) if changes in these mediators are associated with birth outcomes.Methods: A total of 823 pregnant women with periodontitis were randomly assigned to receive scaling and root planing before 21 weeks of gestation or after delivery. Serum obtained between 13 and 16 weeks, 6 days (study baseline) and 29 to 32 weeks of gestation was analyzed for C‐reactive protein; prostaglandin E2; matrix metalloproteinase‐9; fibrinogen; endotoxin; interleukin (IL)‐1β, −6, and −8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α. Cox regression, multiple linear regression, and the t, χ2, and Fisher exact tests were used to examine associations among the biomarkers, periodontal treatment, and gestational age at delivery and birth weight.Results: A total of 796 women had baseline serum data, and 620 women had baseline and follow‐up serum and birth data. Periodontal treatment did not significantly alter the level of any biomarker (P >0.05). Neither baseline levels nor the change from baseline in any biomarker were significantly associated with preterm birth or infant birth weight (P >0.05). In treatment subjects, the change in endotoxin was negatively associated with the change in probing depth (P <0.05).Conclusions: Non‐surgical mechanical periodontal treatment in pregnant women, delivered before 21 weeks of gestation, did not reduce systemic (serum) markers of inflammation. In pregnant women with periodontitis, levels of these markers at 13 to 17 weeks and 29 to 32 weeks of gestation were not associated with infant birth weight or a risk for preterm birth.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Microvessel Density in Periodontitis Patients With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Aspriello Simone Domenico , Zizzi Antonio , Lucarini Guendalina , Rubini Corrado , Faloia Emanuela , Boscaro Marco , Tirabassi Giacomo , Piemontese Matteo 
Published: November 2009

Background: Periodontal disease is one of the major problems encountered in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and vascular changes may contribute to periodontitis. Our aim was to investigate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) in patients with periodontitis with and without DM.Methods: Immunohistochemical detection of VEGF and MVD analysis, evaluated by CD34+ endothelial cell counts, were performed in 66 gingival samples from patients with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis who were divided into three groups: 22 participants without systemic diseases (controls), 22 participants with type 1 DM (T1DM), and 22 participants with type 2 DM (T2DM).Results: In patients with T1DM or T2DM, positive VEGF cells were found to be significantly increased in the epithelium compared to controls. In patients with T1DM, endothelial VEGF expression and MVD were significantly greater than in patients with T2DM and controls.Conclusions: In patients with diabetes, VEGF overexpression plays a primary role in promoting the extravasation of inflammatory cells, suggesting a useful antiangiogenic strategy for periodontitis treatment. The decreased endothelial VEGF expression and MVD found in patients with T2DM may be caused by insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, which are often present in patients with T2DM.
Grape Seed Extract Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Secretion by Macrophages and Inhibits Human MMP‐1 and −9 Activities
Authors: La Vu Dang , Bergeron Chantal , Gafner Stefan , Grenier Daniel 
Published: November 2009

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by resident and inflammatory cells in response to Gram‐negative periodontopathogens play a major role in the tissue destruction observed during periodontitis, a disease that affects tooth‐supporting structures. In this study, we investigated the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on MMP secretion by human monocyte‐derived macrophages stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and on the activity of human recombinant MMP‐1 and −9.Methods: Macrophages were treated with various concentrations of GSE prior to being stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS. The secretion of MMPs and activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) p65 and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of GSE on the catalytic activity of human recombinant MMP‐1 and −9 was tested using fluorogenic assays.Results: GSE inhibited the secretion of MMP‐1, −3, −7, −8, −9, and −13 by LPS‐stimulated macrophages in a concentration‐dependent manner. The suppression of MMP secretion was associated with inhibition of NF‐κB p65 and AP‐1 activation. Also, GSE dose‐dependently inhibited the activity of MMP‐1 and −9.Conclusion: The present study suggests that GSE may be potentially used in the development of novel host‐modulating strategies for the treatment of MMP‐mediated disorders such as periodontitis.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control on the Osseointegration of Dental Implants: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Javed Fawad , Romanos George E. 
Published: November 2009

Background: Implant treatment is an attractive substitute to traditional fixed/removable prosthetic appliances. In patients with diabetes, dental implant therapy has been considered a contraindication. Hyperglycemia augments the severity of periodontal disease, and glycemic control is an essential variable in determining the success of dental implants in subjects with diabetes. Subjects with well‐controlled diabetes may not be significantly compromised and can have high dental implant success rates compared to individuals with poorly controlled diabetes. The focused questions addressed in this systematic review were as follows: Can patients with diabetes be good candidates for dental implant therapy? And how does hyperglycemia and glycemic control influence osseointegration?Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed articles published from 1982 up to and including July 2009 was independently performed by two investigators. In addition, reference lists of original and review articles were searched. The search strategy was to use the following terms in different combinations: dental implants, immediate implants, osseointegration, periodontal disease, diabetes, hyperglycemia, metabolic control, and glycemic control. The search included studies on humans and diabetes‐induced animal models. The selection criteria included all levels of available evidence. Suitable variables included the implant survival rate among individuals with diabetes, effects of hyperglycemia and glycemic control on bone, and maintenance of dental implants in subjects with diabetes. Articles published only in the English language were considered, and unpublished data were not sought.Results: We initially identified 33 studies. Fifteen studies, which did not fulfill the selection criteria, were excluded. The included studies reported that poorly controlled diabetes negatively affects implant osseointegration; however, under optimal serum glycemic control, osseointegration can successfully occur in patients with diabetes. Animal studies have confirmed that osseointegration can be successfully achieved in insulin‐controlled rats with diabetes, whereas in uncontrolled rats with diabetes, the bone‐to‐implant contact appears to decrease with time. The use of antiseptic mouthrinses and oral‐hygiene maintenance helps in achieving a successful dental implant osseointegration in subjects with diabetes.Conclusion: A successful dental implant osseointegration can be accomplished in subjects with diabetes with good metabolic control (serum glycemic level and hemoglobin A1c in normal range) in a similar manner as in subjects without diabetes.
A Prospective Study of Depression Following Combat Deployment in Support of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Wells Timothy S. , LeardMann Cynthia A. , Fortuna Sarah O. , Smith Besa , Smith Tyler C. , Ryan Margaret A. K. , Boyko Edward J. , Blazer Dan ,   for the Millennium Cohort Study Team
Published: November 2009

Objective. We investigated relations between deployment and new-onset depression among US service members recently deployed to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Methods. We included 40 219 Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires and met inclusion criteria. Participants were identified with depression if they met the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire criteria for depression at follow-up, but not at baseline. Results. Deployed men and women with combat exposures had the highest onset of depression, followed by those not deployed and those deployed without combat exposures. Combat-deployed men and women were at increased risk for new-onset depression compared with nondeployed men and women (men: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13, 1.54; women: AOR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.70, 2.65). Conversely, deployment without combat exposures led to decreased risk for new-onset depression compared with those who did not deploy (men: AOR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.83; women: AOR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.47, 0.89). Conclusions. Deployment with combat exposures is a risk factor for new-onset depression among US service members. Post-deployment screening may be beneficial for US service members exposed to combat.
Application of a Reduced Method in Compositional Simulation
Authors: Okuno R.. , Johns R.T.. T. , Sepehrnoori K.. 
Published: November 2009

Summary
Simulating gas-injection processes requires a compositional model to predict the fluid properties resulting from mass transfer between reservoir fluid and injection gas. A drawback of compositional simulation is the efficiency and robustness of phase equilibrium calculations. Reduced methods for phase equilibrium calculations have been studied as a potential solution to improve the efficiency of compositional simulation. However, most of those studies have been performed only in standalone calculations, and the robustness and efficiency of a reduced method has not been confirmed in compositional simulation. In this research, we develop a robust and efficient algorithm for a reduced method and validate it in compositional simulation.
We examine the efficiency and convergence property of the conventional algorithm for a reduced method and solve several implementation problems in a compositional simulator. The reduced method is implemented in UTCOMP, a compositional implicit-pressure/explicit concentration (IMPEC) simulator, to demonstrate the performance for various numbers of components and degrees of miscibility. The results show that the reduced method enables significant savings in execution time of compositional simulation without loss of accuracy compared to standard methods. Also, we observe that the reduced method exhibits improved robustness, especially for miscible processes where composition paths go near critical regions.