bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluations of building impact assessment due to adjacent tunneling
Authors: Ekaksorn N , Chayaroon A , Phutthananon C , Jongpradist P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In dense urban areas, tunneling can potentially lead to structural damage or compromise the integrity of nearby buildings, thus necessitating a thorough evaluation of its impact during the design phase. Various engineering methods exist to estimate building responses to adjacent tunneling, each varying in complexity. These methods yield different outcomes, such as settlement magnitude and behavior. This study examines pile settlements, differential pile settlement, and angular distortion of a building through three distinct analysis methods. These involve two-step methods of soil-structure interaction of a building and tunneling from (1) the corresponding greenfield ground, (2) piles embedded in the ground, and (3) piles under loading. The results were then compared and discussed. Based on the obtained results, the method for considering piles under loading can be regarded an effective method for providing a conservative evaluation.
Simplified nonlinear model and 3D printing model experiment verification of longitudinal joints of shield tunnel segments
Authors: Fu Yanbin , Zhu Junzhou , Zhang Yanlong , Chen Xiangsheng , Hu Yu , Gendi Yelv , Wu Ze , Li Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The segment joints represent vulnerable and core-bearing areas within shield tunnel structures. Their flexural stiffness, starting from the contact surface of longitudinal joints to the bolt hole, exhibits continuous changes under bending loads, typically demonstrating nonlinear mechanical characteristics. This study investigates the influence of joint contact surfaces on flexural stiffness, extending from the joint contact surface to damaged concrete in the compressed zone. A new simplified model for the variable nonlinear stiffness of longitudinal segment joints in shield tunnels is proposed, considering the flexural stiffness of the joint contact surface and the width of the damaged concrete zone in the segment ring while simulating the flexural stiffness decay induced by the opening of segment joints. Based on the minimum potential energy principle, a design calculation method for joint flexural stiffness is derived, establishing the nonlinear bending stiffness coupling relationship between the segment and the joint. Through similarity theory, 3D printing technology, and indoor loading tests, the theoretical model's accuracy regarding tunnel segment joints is verified. This theoretical model provides a basis for designing and assessing the performance of tunnel-segment joints.
Strength degradation of foamed cement paste under sulfate attack
Authors: Ye G , Chen Y , Zhang Z , Shen H , Chen Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Foamed cement paste is increasingly being applied in the construction of road embankments, bridge abutments, slope treatments, and pipeline backfilling. Constructed foamed cement paste may suffer from sulfate attacks in certain environments, such as offshore regions and salty soil areas. However, the long-term performance of foamed cement paste under such circumstances remains unclear. In this study, laboratory tests are conducted to evaluate the strength deterioration of foamed cement paste after erosion by sulfate attack. Factors influencing the density of the foamed cement paste, concentration of the sulfate solution, and cation type (i.e., Na+ and Mg2+) are considered. The results indicate that the strength of the foamed cement paste decreases with increasing immersion time. The Na2SO4 solution has a more severe erosion effect than the MgSO4 solution when other conditions remain constant. Finally, X-ray diffraction is conducted to identify the phase of the crystalline material in the specimen. This study will be beneficial in the application of foamed cement paste in regions with salt-rich soils.
Numerical investigation of the effect on the erosion effect under the action of solitary wave
Authors: Yan Heqing , Qian Jiangu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Local scour is a factor that cannot be ignored in hydraulic engineering, which seriously threatens the safety of hydraulic structures. There is a lack of consideration of periodic hydraulic conditions in the existing research on erosion. In this paper, the application range of various wave theories is analysed, and the isolated wave which is suitable for offshore is selected to study. Based on the Euler multiphase flow model, it is developed by using the user definition, and the generation and extinction modules are introduced to simulate the isolated waves, and then the cyclic waves in the offshore area are simulated by the superposition of multiple isolated waves. The hydrodynamic characteristics of isolated waves, including the pressure distribution of isolated waves, are analysed.
Evaluation of infiltration testing methods for design of stormwater drywell systems
Authors: Kamalzare M , Kindred S , Sharbat A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The current infiltration testing and drywell design methods do not always provide accurate estimates of the capacity of production-scale dry wells. In numerous cases, the predicted capacities appear to be considerably lower than the actual drywell capacity, resulting in more drywells than required and significantly higher construction and long-term maintenance costs. In other cases, the uncertainty in the measurements results in the predicted capacities being higher than the actual drywell capacity, resulting in fewer drywells being required. In this study, we discuss the reasons for these inaccurate predictions of drywell performance using current methods, as well as the results of recent studies to develop improved methods for predicting the capacity of stormwater infiltration drywells. These studies, funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Los Angeles County Safe Clean Water Program (SCW), include numerical simulations and field studies in California. These test methods rely on steady-state infiltration tests in small-diameter boreholes and produce an estimate of the saturated hydraulic conductivity, which can be used to reliably predict the performance of large-diameter drywells. The methods were validated by testing small- and large-diameter test wells in close proximity using three different drilling methods. The results of this study describe the design and conduct of a borehole infiltration test that accurately represents drywell performance. Furthermore, based on a combination of numerical simulations and field studies, reduction factors were developed to account for test uncertainty, test duration, analytical error, field variability, potential for groundwater mounding, and clogging.
Evaluation of key parameters in rainfall-induced shallow landslide analysis: Are Di Village Case
Authors: Parapan A , Chao K C , Saowiang K , Soralump S , Nontapot T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Are Di Village experienced a devastating landslide in September 2020. This research utilized the transient rainfall infiltration and a grid-based regional slope stability model (TRIGRS) to assess the causes of slope instability. Input parameters such as soil properties, rainfall data, slope geometry, and soil thickness were integrated into the analysis. The models were validated using landslide scars from the event. The analysis results indicate that soil thickness significantly influences landslide susceptibility. In this study, the empirical equation utilized to estimate soil thickness considered the influence of topography on the distribution of soil thickness. The results calculated from TRIGRS showed that the model with a maximum soil thickness input of 3.5 m produced the most reliable landslide susceptibility map with an %LSclass of 40% and %LRclass of 65%.
Behavior of soil slopes reinforced with composite-structural piles
Authors: Xiang Yang , Liu Sujia , Zhang Ga 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Slope stability is a key problem in geotechnical engineering, often addressed through reinforcement methods, such as reinforced concrete piles. However, they have limitations, including high costs and underutilization of steel and concrete properties. This study proposes a new type of composite-structural pile, combining two types of materials with different mechanical behaviors. Centrifuge model tests were performed to explore the deformation and failure behavior of slopes reinforced with the composite-structural pile under vertical loading conditions. The strains and soil pressure of the composite-structural pile were measured to analyze its stress characteristics. The composite-reinforced slope exhibited progressive failure from the top to the toe under vertical loading conditions, featuring a curved, discontinuous slip surface. The slope deformation increased with increasing load and developed to deformation localization. A clear coupling effect was observed between slope deformation localization and local failure. Finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the composite-structural pile under bending conditions. The strain distribution on the cross-section of the pile was linear for different material parameters. Based on these findings, a method for calculating the stress and strain of composite-structural piles was developed. Centrifuge model tests validated the reliability of the proposed method.
Experimental investigation on the characteristics of seepage failure of landslide dams with strongly permeable zones
Authors: Liu Zhaozhao , Chen Qun , Chen Chen , Li Xing , Zhao Changhong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Landslide dams are formed by river blockages caused by landslides or other slope instability bodies. They exhibit loose structure, poor stability and strong permeability. Large water head caused by water-level increase can trigger seepage deformation of soil and influence the stability of landslide dams, possibly leading to dam breach and catastrophic damage. Various landslide dam structures also result in differences in seepage characteristics. In this study, multiple physical model tests for seepage failure of landslide dams with strongly permeable zones were designed. The influence of the location and gradation of the strongly permeable zones on the seepage of landslide dams was studied. The characteristics and modes of seepage failure of landslide dams with strongly permeable zones were analysed. The experimental results showed that the cyclic evolution failure of piping and downstream slope collapse was an essential failure mode for the seepage-induced failure of landslide dams with strongly permeable zones. Compared with the strongly permeable zone at the bottom of a landslide dam, the piping caused by seepage evidently promoted the slope erosion of the dam with the strongly permeable zone in the middle. As the permeability coefficient of strongly permeable zones increased, piping was faster and easier to form, and piping failure, slope erosion, and slope collapse were more severe. The seepage failure of landslide dams mainly included the emergence of seepage water, piping, slope erosion, and downstream slope collapse. Piping was caused by the erosion and migration of some fine particles of soil in seepage channels in the dam. When the flow drag force could overcome the resistance force among the soil particles, some fine particles and even large particles on the downstream slope surface were continuously eroded. This study provides new insights into the evolution process and breach mechanisms for the seepage-induced failure of landslide dams with strongly permeable zones.
Dynamic change of a typical surging glacier in the Qinghai tibet plateau based on satellite remote sensing
Authors: Yuan Xiaohan , Baima Jizong , Qiao Gang , Song Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With global climate change, some mountain glaciers in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau region are experiencing rapid melting, retreating, and acceleration. Surge-type glaciers are important objects for glacier dynamics research in this region, as sudden surge may threaten human activities and lives. This study focuses on the Shahrek Glacier. Based on multi-source remote sensing images from 2000 to 2023, we generated long-term ice flow velocity maps of the glacier using image template matching technology. Together with its terminus position over this period, the surge dynamics of Shahrek Glacier were analyzed. The glacier surge commenced in September 2016 and terminated in November 2018, reaching a maximum ice velocity of almost 1,200 m/a, which is 9–10 times its ice velocity in the quiescent phase. A substantial change in the magnitude of the ice flow before and after the onset of the Shahrek Glacier surge was observed; the surge comprised five main phases: pre-surge stable, accelerated, surge, decelerated, and stabilized periods. The Shahrek Glacier was retreating from the position of the glacier-terminal ablation zone prior to the onset of leapfrogging. We analyzed the relationship between Shahrek Glacier dynamics and climate and the surge mechanism surge, considering data from meteorological stations in neighboring regions.
Application of UAV 3D Point Cloud Data in Highway Slope Disaster Investigation
Authors: Xin Yan , Feng Hu , Yiqiang Yu , Wei Zhan , Dingyi Zhang , Zhi Hu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The safety and stability of highway slopes have always been critical concerns in highway management and maintenance. However, mountain road slopes, characterized by their small scale, large quantity, and complex geological conditions, pose challenges for effective deformation detection, putting significant pressure on highway management and maintenance. To address the difficulty in identifying hidden hazards of highway slopes in mountainous areas, this study proposes the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) closed-range photogrammetry technology for slope inspection. The M3C2 (Multiscale Model-to-Model Cloud Comparison) algorithm is employed to accurately calculate differences in multi-phase three-dimensional point cloud data, enabling the detection of overall slope deformation with centimeter-level precision. Field verification conducted on a highway slope in Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province, demonstrated the applicability of UAV 3D point cloud data in investigating highway slope hazards, thereby enhancing inspection efficiency and quality and providing technical support for highway management and maintenance.
Estimating sliding displacement of slopes induced by earthquake sequences based on the finite element method
Authors: Zhang C Y , Wu Q , Li D Q , Du W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
After shocks trigger or worsen landslides by exacerbating damage to slopes. In this study, slope sliding displacements induced by seismic sequences were calculated. The combined effects of mainshocks and aftershocks on slope sliding were examined in this study using 273 ground motion records from real seismic sequences. A three-layer clayey slope was modeled in OpenSees. The ground motions were input for dynamic analysis to calculate the corresponding sliding displacements. More than 20% of the seismic sequences caused slope instability. The Arias intensity (Ia) of the mainshock had the strongest correlation with sliding displacements. The strength reduction technique was used for the pseudo-static stability analysis of the slope whose yield acceleration (ky
) value was 0.23g. The Newmark method computed smaller displacements compared to the finite element method which calculated the dynamic behavior of the slope more accurately when Ts/Tm > 0.1. The Ia of the mainshock was the optimal parameter. An empirical model based on finite element numerical analysis was proposed for predicting slope sliding displacements induced by seismic sequences. The predictive model, unlike the traditional rigid sliding block method, prevented some unrealistic assumptions. The proposed model was more conservative than numerical algorithm-based predictive models that compute only the mainshock effect.
Application of microtremor H/V spectral ratio method in determining characteristic parameters of typical laterite sites
Authors: Zhou YX , Li YQ , Xu Y , Liu XF , Chen B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Microtremor signals contain rich geophysical information, and the application of microtremor measurements in determining site characteristic parameters is increasingly valued because of their advantages of simple operation, environmental friendliness, and low cost. In this study, systematic microtremor measurements were conducted at a typical laterite site. The microtremor measurement data were processed with different combinations of horizontal components using the H/V spectral ratio method(H: Horizontal frequency domain signal of the microtremor; V: Vertical frequency domain signal of the microtremor). to take the HVSR curve. The period corresponding to the peak of the HVSR curve was considered to be the predominant period of the site, the site classifications were determined, and geotechnical types were divided. This study indicates that the microtremor H/V spectral ratio method is highly consistent with the results of borehole exploration for determining site classifications and dividing geotechnical types. Moreover, using the combination of vectors sum of East-West direction and North-South direction as horizontal components in the microtremor H/V spectral ratio method can more easily and accurately determine the site-predominant period.
Evaluation of variability of shear wave velocity in India
Authors: Al-Ajamee Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The shear wave velocity is a significant component in seismic hazard studies. This involves standard practice in seismic hazard analysis through ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs), ground response analyses (GRAs), or the computation of amplification factors. In practice, the shear wave velocity may be obtained through invasive methods, noninvasive methods, transformation models, or correlation-based methods. Currently, the uncertainty component of shear wave velocity has either been overlooked or oversimplified. The aim was to quantify the range of variations in shear wave velocity across India. The database included data of reported shear wave velocities in 20 states collected from various project reports and publications. A brief review of the methods used to obtain the data is given, along with a systematic highlight of the range of uncertainties encountered and their statistics. Base-case profiles for response analyses are recommended, and their statistics are examined. These observations aid computation of amplification factors. The transformation uncertainties of the shear wave velocity and the standard penetration test (SPT) were examined. The outcomes of the research will guide reliable seismic hazard studies across countries. Furthermore, this study paves the way for future development toward addressing uncertainties in shear wave velocity and facilitates the use of reliability-based design procedures.
Shaking table model test for seismic response of soft soil site
Authors: Tang Y , Chen Q , Zhao Z , Hong N , Liu Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Soil sites play a crucial role during earthquakes and serve as conduits for the transmission of seismic effects from the bedrock to urban structures. Analyzing the dynamic response of soil sites to seismic waves is crucial as it presents deeper insights into earthquake damage mechanisms. In this study, we prepared a mixture of sawdust and medium sand with a 1:2.5 mass ratio to model soil samples from a soft soil site in Shanghai. The applicability of the scale-factor equation was verified using resonance column tests. A series of shaking table tests were conducted to simulate free-field site responses based on the dimensions, operating frequencies, and vibration modes of the shaking table at the State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering at Tongji University. Three different types of earthquake waves were selected as the input motions: TCU003 for far-field long-period seismic waves, TCU068 for near-field pulse-type seismic waves, and the El Centro earthquake wave. The Kramer frequency domain method was used to verify the transfer functions of the site seismic responses. Furthermore, discrepancies in the time–frequency distribution of the soft site responses influenced by various types of earthquake waves were assessed and analyzed. The seismic response characteristics of the soft soil sites under varying input intensities were also analyzed. The findings of this study present valuable reference data for the seismic zoning of soft-soil sites and facilitate the determination of seismic input parameters for engineering structures.
Permeability Prediction in Nonwoven Geotextiles Using Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Li K. Y. , Tang X. W. , Chen W. L. , Wang T. Q. , Xiang Q. Q. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The vertical permeability coefficient is a pivotal hydraulic index of needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles. The accurate determination of the permeability coefficient is important for assessing engineering properties. This study employed mathematical modeling, numerical simulations, and physical experimentation to investigate the permeability behavior of nonwoven geotextiles. Mathematical modeling relies on the fiber and pore size characteristics of the geotextiles extracted through two-dimensional image analysis. The numerical simulation method was based on a pore network model acquired through three-dimensional image analysis. The results of the physical experiments served as benchmarks for evaluating the precision of the two methods. These findings underscore the efficacy of mathematical modeling and numerical simulation in predicting the permeability characteristics of nonwoven geotextiles.
Enhancement on compressive strength of Bangkok clay cement using novel high-strength polyethylene fibers
Authors: Pochalard Sakol , Wungsumpow Chalermpon , Piriyakul Keeratikan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of novel high-strength polyethylene fibers on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) behavior of concrete produced with admixed Bangkok clay cement. Bangkok clay samples were prepared at a liquid limit of 88% and were added to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% by weight; polyethylene fibers were also added at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% by volume. These samples were cured for 7, 14, and 28 days and subjected to an unconfined compressive test. From the test results, the cement content of 8% by weight was the optimum, and a polyethylene fiber content of 1% by volume is recommended. Moreover, the novel high-strength polyethylene fiber with 0.2 mm in diameter and 6 mm in length provided the maximum UCS value.