bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rise of multi-stakeholderism, the power of ultra-processed food corporations, and the implications for global food governance: a network analysis
Authors: Slater Scott , Lawrence Mark , Wood Benjamin , Serodio Paulo , Van Den Akker Amber , Baker Phillip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The rise of multi-stakeholder institutions (MIs) involving the ultra-processed food (UPF) industry has raised concerns among food and public health scholars, especially with regards to enhancing the legitimacy and influence of transnational food corporations in global food governance (GFG) spaces. However, few studies have investigated the governance composition and characteristics of MIs involving the UPF industry, nor considered the implications for organizing global responses to UPFs and other major food systems challenges. We address this gap by conducting a network analysis to map global MIs involving the UPF industry, drawing data from web sources, company reports, business and market research databases, and academic and grey literature. We identified 45 such global food system MIs. Of these, executives from the UPF industry or affiliated interest groups held almost half (n = 263, or 43.8%) of the total 601 board seat positions. Executives from a small number of corporations, especially Unilever (n = 20), Nestlé (n = 17), PepsiCo Inc (n = 14), and The Coca-Cola Company (n = 13) held the most board seat positions, indicating centrality to the network. Board seats of these MIs are dominated by executives from transnational corporations (n = 431, or 71.7%), high-income countries (n = 495, or 82.4%), and four countries (United States, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands) (n = 350, or 58.2%) in particular. This study shows that MIs involving the UPF industry privilege the interests of corporations located near exclusively in the Global North, draw legitimacy through affiliations with multi-lateral agencies, civil society groups and research institutions, and represent diverse corporate interests involved in UPF supply chains. Corporate-anchored multi-stakeholderism, as a form of GFG governance, raises challenges for achieving food systems transformation, including the control and reduction of UPFs in human diets.
HNRNPA2B1 stabilizes NFATC3 levels to potentiate its combined actions with FOSL1 to mediate vasculogenic mimicry in GBM cells
Authors: Wang Hanting , Shi Yiwen , Zhou Xinxin , Zhang Lu , Yang Aodan , Zhou Dabo , Ma Teng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is an enigmatic physiological feature that influences blood supply within glioblastoma (GBM) tumors for their sustained growth. Previous studies identify NFATC3, FOSL1 and HNRNPA2B1 as significant mediators of VEGFR2, a key player in vasculogenesis, and their molecular relationships may be crucial for VM in GBM.

Aims
The aim of this study was to understand how NFATC3, FOSL1 and HNRNPA2B1 collectively influence VM in GBM.

Methods
We have investigated the underlying gene regulatory mechanisms for VM in GBM cell lines U251 and U373 in vitro and in vivo. In vitro cell-based assays were performed to explore the role of NFATC3, FOSL1 and HNRNPA2B1 in GBM cell proliferation, VM and migration, in the context of RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown alongside corresponding controls. Western blotting and qRT-PCR assays were used to examine VEGFR2 expression levels. CO-IP was employed to detect protein–protein interactions, ChIP was used to detect DNA–protein complexes, and RIP was used to detect RNA–protein complexes. Histochemical staining was used to detect VM tube formation in vivo.

Results
Focusing on NFATC3, FOSL1 and HNRNPA2B1, we found each was significantly upregulated in GBM and positively correlated with VM-like cellular behaviors in U251 and U373 cell lines. Knockdown of NFATC3, FOSL1 or HNRNPA2B1 each resulted in decreased levels of VEGFR2, a key growth factor gene that drives VM, as well as the inhibition of proliferation, cell migration and extracorporeal VM activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies and luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that NFATC3 binds to the promoter region of VEGFR2 to enhance VEGFR2 gene expression. Notably, FOSL1 interacts with NFATC3 as a co-factor to potentiate the DNA-binding capacity of NFATC3, resulting in enhanced VM-like cellular behaviors. Also, level of NFATC3 protein in cells was enhanced through HNRNPA2B1 binding of NFATC3 mRNA. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated silencing of NFATC3, FOSL1 and HNRNPA2B1 in GBM cells reduced their capacity for tumor formation and VM-like behaviors in vivo.

Conclusion
Taken together, our findings identify NFATC3 as an important mediator of GBM tumor growth through its molecular and epistatic interactions with HNRNPA2B1 and FOSL1 to influence VEGFR2 expression and VM-like cellular behaviors.

Graphical Abstract
1. NFATC3 binds to the promoter region of VEGFR2 to enhance VEGFR2 gene expression which leads to an increase in VM of GBM.
2. FOSL1 interacts with NFATC3 to further facilitate VEGFR2 gene expression and VM.
3. HNRNPA2B1 enhances NFATC3 mRNA stability to increase VEGFR2 expression and VM.
Examining Young Children’s Computational Thinking through Animation Art
Authors: Leung Suzannie K. Y. , Wu Joseph , Li Jenny Wanyi , Lam Yung , Ng Oi-Lam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEducators and researchers are becoming interested in cultivating computational thinking (CT). However, in the Hong Kong context, CT-related studies regarding young children are rarely found. The present study aimed to use an unplugged digital arts activity to examine the CT concepts that children performed and document their CT developmental trajectories. Constructionism theory highlights the importance of children engaging in hands-on activities and developing independent thinking skills. Meanwhile, social constructivism theory emphasizes the role of teachers as scaffolders, supporting children in their learning processes. A sample of children (N = 27, aged 3–6) was recruited from a nursery school in Hong Kong to participate in an animation art workshop. A total of 540 min of video data was recorded and collected for content analysis. The teaching team (N = 4) for this workshop were invited to write up their reflective journals, capturing their observations of the scaffolding strategies employed and their perspectives on how children at various levels demonstrated their understanding of CT concepts throughout the entire process. Within an analytical framework based on powerful ideas, the findings from the observations and field notes revealed that the children’s CT concepts and practices could be linked with the CT conceptual framework. In this study, older children showed a sophisticated competency and a more complicated mind structure in terms of the CT concept. Our findings highlight the importance of designing an age-appropriate curriculum for nurturing the computational thinking of young children through animation art.
Modes of action of Trichoderma virens Gl006 and Bacillus velezensis Bs006: decoding the arsenal of the microbial consortium
Authors: Izquierdo-García L. F. , Moreno-Velandia C. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe consortium based on Trichoderma virens Gl006 and Bacillus velezensis Bs006 was selected in a previous study because the high effectiveness against Fusarium wilt of cape gooseberry (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali—Foph). The compatibility among the strains was determined previously, but the modes of action exerted by the consortium remained unknown. In this study, the modes of action displayed by the Gl006 and Bs006 consortium against the Foph strain Map5 were determined and compared with the modes of action of the single microorganisms. Production of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE), cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) by Bs006 and gliotoxin by Gl006, and fusaric acid (FA) production by Foph were evaluated in the co-culture of the strains in several culture media. Furthermore, the survival of the strains in the soil, the colonization of plant tissues and the induction of systemic responses through a split root model bioassay were evaluated. While Bs006 showed protease, β-1,3-glucanase, and chitobiosidase enzymatic activities, and production of CLPs, Gl006 showed β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, chitobiosidase, total chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and protease activities. All the metabolites produced by the single strains were also found in the consortium, but in a culture medium dependent manner. The FA was found in the experiment on the interaction of the consortium with Foph Map5 in the minimal basal medium and in potato dextrose broth. The population of Foph was reduced by the consortium in vitro, under the synthetic media that favored the production of all the CWDE tested. In soil conditions, the consortium reduced the population of Foph by 63% in a synergistic way. Bs006 was recovered from the inner tissues of the plant, where Gl006 prevented the entry of Foph to the roots and reduced the incidence of the disease under the split root model. These results suggest that the consortium of Gl006 and Bs006 displays modes of action through CWDE and CLP´s and indirectly through induction of systemic resistance, which could act complementary since neither of them were enhanced in consortium. Here we characterized a consortium capable of reducing the population of Foph in soil and control the disease in a synergistic way.
Religiosity, Financial Risk Taking, and Reward Processing: An Experimental Study
Authors: Vanheusden Frederique J. , Vadapalli Sundara Kashyap , Rashid Mamunur , Griffiths Mark D. , Kim Amee 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated the extent to which financial risk-taking (FRT) perspectives and religiosity influenced an individual’s performance on financial decision-making tasks under risk and/or uncertainty. It further investigated the potential to measure this interaction using electro-encephalogram (EEG) assessments through reward-related event-related potentials (P3 and FRN). EEG data were collected from 37 participants undergoing four decision-making tasks comprising the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), Iowa Gambling Test (IGT), Mixed-Gamble Loss-Aversion Task (MGLAT), and MGLA-Success Task (MGLAST). The present study found that BART performance may be affected by an interaction of FRT perspectives and religiosity. The physiological effects of task feedback were also distinguished between religious and non-religious individuals objectively with EEG data. Overall, while religiosity and FRT may not significantly influence IGT and MGLA performance, and interact with BART in a complex way, physiological reaction towards feedback after BART performance appears to be strongly affected by religiosity and FRT perspectives.
Gamma emission from interaction of fission neutrons on nickel and zirconium
Authors: Mauerhofer Eric , Ophoven Niklas , Ilic Zeljko , Stieghorst Christian , Révay Zsolt , Meleshenkovskii Iaroslav , Randriamalala Tsitohaina H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGamma emission induced by the irradiation of nickel and zirconium with fission neutrons was investigated with the FaNGaS (Fast Neutron–induced Gamma-ray Spectrometry) instrument operated at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum. Measurements were done at an angle of 90° with respect to the direction of the fission neutron beam (average neutron energy of 2.18 MeV). We report on the relative intensities and production cross sections of 265 gamma lines (163 for nickel and 102 for zirconium). Consistency with available literature data was evaluated. The cross section of the 90Zr(n,n′)90mZr reaction was determined to be 88 ± 8 mb. For a counting time of 12 h, the detection limits of 0.7 and 1.3 mg were estimated for nickel and zirconium, respectively.
Exploring support and opposition to regulatory approaches for wildfire risk management: requirements, voluntary actions, and tailored local action
Authors: Paveglio Travis B. , Shriner-Beaton A. Rose 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFormal requirements of wildfire mitigation on private properties are increasingly being considered as one avenue for “scaling up” wildfire management and voluntary mitigation actions to landscape scales. Likewise, enduring segments of wildfire research suggest that residents’ perceptions about potential wildfire risk sources in their landscape, including ignition sources, are critical considerations related to support for mitigation efforts such as formal requirements or cross-boundary fuel reduction initiatives. The research presented in this article utilized mixed-method, residential surveys of property owners in Kittitas County, Washington, to explore influences on support for wildfire mitigation requirements and performance of voluntary mitigations on private lands. We found a high degree of variability in support for regulatory approaches, including relatively low levels of support for building or retrofitting regulations and a moderate level of support for vegetation management regulations. Perceptions about wildfire risk sources or public land management, past performance of wildfire mitigation actions, and support for shared, locally managed mitigations all correlated with support for differing regulatory approaches. We also found that performance of voluntary mitigation actions correlated with increasing wildfire program participation, differed among part-time or full- time residents, and were influenced by proximity to nearby property boundaries. Our results suggest that the most supported strategy in the study area may be the establishment of local, tax funded districts that encourage voluntary mitigation actions tailored to local circumstances. We conclude the paper by comparing our results to existing lessons from wildfire social science.
Modeling cassava root system architecture and the underlying dynamics in shoot–root carbon allocation during the early storage root bulking stage
Authors: Punyasu Nattharat , Thaiprasit Jittrawan , Kalapanulak Saowalak , Saithong Treenut , Postma Johannes A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Plants store carbohydrates for later use during, e.g., night, drought, and recovery after stress. Carbon allocation presents the plant with tradeoffs, notably between growth and storage. We asked how this tradeoff works for cassava (Manihot esculenta) pre- and post-storage root (SR) formation and if manipulation of the number of storage organs and leaf growth rate might increase yield.

Methods
We developed a functional-structural plant model, called MeOSR, to simulate carbon partitioning underlying cassava growth and SR formation in conjunction with the root system's three-dimensional (3D) architecture (RSA). We compared the model results to experimental data and simulated phenotypes varying in the number of SR and leaf growth rate.

Results
The simulated 3D RSA and the root mass closely represented those of field-grown plants. The model simulated root growth and associated carbon allocation across developmental stages. Substantial accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) preceded SR formation, suggesting sink-limited growth. SR mass and canopy photosynthesis might be increased by both increasing the number of SR and the leaf growth rate.

Conclusion
MeOSR offers a valuable tool for simulating plant growth, its associated carbon economy, and 3D RSA over time. In the first month, the specific root length increased due to root branching, but in the third month, it decreased due to secondary root growth. The accumulation of NSC might initiate SR development in cassava. Cassava growth is relatively slow during the first 3 months, and a faster crop establishment combined with a greater SR growth might increase yield.
Enhancing visual autonomous navigation in row-based crops with effective synthetic data generation
Authors: Martini Mauro , Ambrosio Marco , Navone Alessandro , Tuberga Brenno , Chiaberge Marcello 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Service robotics is recently enhancing precision agriculture enabling many automated processes based on efficient autonomous navigation solutions. However, data generation and in-field validation campaigns hinder the progress of large-scale autonomous platforms. Simulated environments and deep visual perception are spreading as successful tools to speed up the development of robust navigation with low-cost RGB-D cameras.

Materials and methods
In this context, the contribution of this work resides in a complete framework to fully exploit synthetic data for a robust visual control of mobile robots. A wide realistic multi-crops dataset is accurately generated to train deep semantic segmentation networks and enabling robust performance in challenging real-world conditions. An automatic parametric approach enables an easy customization of virtual field geometry and features for a fast reliable evaluation of navigation algorithms.

Results and conclusion
The high quality of the generated synthetic dataset is demonstrated by an extensive experimentation with real crops images and benchmarking the resulting robot navigation both in virtual and real fields with relevant metrics.
The relationship between healthcare access and change in health-related quality-of-life among the general population of five countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alexandrov Nadja , Scott Emily Stella , Janssen Mathieu F. , Lubetkin Erica I. , Yfantopoulos John N. , Bonsel Gouke J. , Haagsma Juanita A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether (1) healthcare access at onset of the pandemic and (2) age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and pre-existing health status were associated with change in health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study includes a general population sample of five countries.

Methods
An online questionnaire was administered to respondents from Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic between April 22nd and May 5th of 2020, and 1 year later between May 23rd and June 29th of 2021. The questionnaire included questions on demographic background, health status, and HRQoL. The primary outcome was change in HRQoL as measured by the EQ-5D-5L instrument. Specifically, the EQ-5D-5L index and EQ VAS were used. Healthcare access was quantified with regard to the respondent’s ease of getting an appointment, waiting time, and opportunity to contact the provider and during analysis dichotomized into “sufficient” versus “insufficient”. Linear regression analysis was performed with change in HRQoL as dependent variable and background variables as independent variables.

Results
In total, 6,765 respondents completed the second questionnaire. 19.8% of total respondents reported insufficient healthcare access. Respondents with insufficient healthcare had both more improved and deteriorated HRQoL compared to respondents with sufficient healthcare, whose HRQoL remained unchanged. We did not find significant interactions between age, gender, SES and/or chronic disease status with healthcare access at onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Healthcare access was not associated with cumulative differences in change in HRQoL over a 1-year period in strata of age, gender, SES, and chronic disease status.
Reading and emotional-behavioural development in Finnish children: a longitudinal study of associations
Authors: Robidoux Serje , Eklund Kenneth , McArthur Genevieve M. , Francis Deanna A. , Aro Tuija , Torppa Minna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPoor reading has been linked to negative outcomes on a wide range of emotional-behavioural dimensions in children. However, little is known about the time course of these associations. In this study we analyse data from a sample of Finnish children (N = 199; 106 boys) which included measures of reading fluency in grade 1 (age 7 or 8), and emotional (anxiety, depression, and somatization) and behavioural (adaptability, aggression, attention, atypicality, hyperactivity, social skills, and withdrawal) development at ages 4, 5, 6 (pre-school) and 9 (school-aged). In a series of stepwise regression models that controlled for non-verbal IQ and family risk for dyslexia, we tested if pre-school emotional-behavioural measures were associated with school-aged reading fluency, and whether school-aged reading fluency was associated with later emotional-behavioural development. We also tested if these associations were moderated by reported gender. Consistent with previous longitudinal studies, we found that poorer attention before school was associated with poorer reading in the early school years which in turn was associated with higher levels of anxiety and inattention in children in middle school. None of these associations were moderated by gender.
Geological Record of Water and Wind Processes on Mars as Observed by the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera
Authors: Jaumann R. , Tirsch D. , Adeli S. , Bahia R. , Michael G. , Le Deit L. , Grau Galofre A. , Head J. , Bohacek E. , Gross C. , Walter S. H. G. , Hiesinger H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review paper summarizes the observations and results of the Mars Express Mission and its application in the analysis of geological processes and landforms on Mars during the last 20 years. The Mars Express observations provided an extended data base allowing a comparative evaluation of different geological surface landforms and their time-based delimitation. High-resolution imagery and digital elevations models on a local to regional scale and spectral measurements are the basis for geological analyses of water-related surface processes on Mars. This includes the nature and discharges of valley networks, formation timescale of deltas, volumina of sedimentary deposits as well as estimating the age of geological units by crater size–frequency distribution measurements. Both the quantifying of geological processes and the determination of absolute model ages allows to constraint the evolution of Martian water-related activity in space and time. Comparative age estimation of fluvial, glacial, and lacustrine deposits, as well as their timing and episodicity, has revealed the nature and evolution of the Martian surface hydrological cycle. Fluvial and lacustrine activity phases are spread over a time span from Noachian until Amazonian periods, but detailed studies show that they have been interrupted by multiple and long-lasting phases of cessation and quiescent. In addition, evidence of glacial activity shows discrete phases of enhanced intensity correlating with increased spin-axis obliquity amplitude. The episodicity of geological processes, erosion, deposition, and glaciation on Mars demonstrate a close correlation between individual surface processes and endogenic activity as well as spin-axis/orbital variations and changing climate condition.
Astronomical Observations in Support of Planetary Entry-Probes to the Outer Planets
Authors: Buratti Bonnie J. , Orton Glenn S. , Roman Michael T. , Momary Thomas , Bauer James M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA team of Earth-based astronomical observers supporting a giant planet entry-probe event substantially enhances the scientific return of the mission. An observers’ team provides spatial and temporal context, additional spectral coverage and resolution, viewing geometries that are not available from the probe or the main spacecraft, tracking, supporting data in case of a failure, calibration benchmarks, and additional opportunities for education and outreach. The capabilities of the support program can be extended by utilizing archived data. The existence of a standing group of observers facilitates the path towards acquiring Director’s Discretionary Time at major telescopes, if, for example, the probe’s entry date moves. The benefits of a team convened for a probe release provides enhanced scientific return throughout the mission. Finally, the types of observations and the organization of the teams described in this paper could serve as a model for flight projects in general.