bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Distribution Calibration Method for Few-Shot Learning
Authors: Khan Majid Habib , Liu Jinwei Zhao , Hei Xinhong , Liu Jiedong , Zhang Hongtao , Li Shuangjiang , Liu Yu , Imran Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Convolutional neural network (CNN) is frequently used in image classification. However, obtaining sufficient labelled data for training is difficult because labelling data is costly. Learning from a limited number of samples creates challenges since the learned model may become overfitted due to the biased distribution caused by a few training samples and the pow learning algorithm. This paper proposed a dynamic distribution calibration method for the few shot-learning. First, the base and new class samples were normalized using the normalization technique to eliminate the effect of different feature magnitudes. A pre-trained feature extraction model extracts the sample feature vectors of the base class and the new class. The distribution characteristics of the adjacent and remote base classes are dynamically selected for a new class sample in an embedding space by a threshold value method. A similar class usually has a similar feature distribution, such as mean and variance. So, the means and variance of the Gaussian distribution can be transferred between similar classes. In the paper, the feature distribution is assumed to follow the Gaussian distribution. Then, the distributional features of each sample in the new class are calibrated using the corrected hyperparameter based on the distribution features of the adjacent base class and far base class in the embedding space. Finally, the calibrated distribution features augment the sample set of the new class. In some experiments on the benchmark datasets miniImagenet and CUB, the new dynamic distribution calibration method achieves up to 4% accuracy gains in some few-shot classification challenges and achieves superior performance.
Integrated Text - Model Generation – Simulation – Machine Learning Framework on Developing Temperature Field Model of 3-side Protection Steel Beam
Authors: Li Yang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Automating the modelling and simulation process benefits all related areas such as research, design, manufacturing and especially the training of machine learning models. It significantly improves the modelling efficiency and speed, providing scalability in data generation, which motivates the discovery of new patterns. In addition, consistency and reproducibility through unified modelling methods improve accuracy by eliminating manual mistakes in repetitive processes. Machine learning provides an efficient approach to accessing large-scale simulation data and providing insights into unknown circumstances. The 3-side protection steel beam is a common yet rarely investigated section type in offshore oil platforms. With the top side of the upper flange exposed to fire, large convective and radiative heat flux is induced leading to a rapidly descending temperature diagram along the web. The increased lever arm caused by the elastic neutral axis descending under this temperature distribution and the elasticity reduction in the compressed flange cause earlier lateral torsional buckling failure compared to the 4-side protection beam. To provide a close temperature profile, an integrated framework automating modelling, simulation, data processing and machining learning sequence using ABAQUS kernel scripting method, Python and MATLAB is proposed. The modelling method automates the model generation process with inputs from a parameter text file and establishes restraints using the edge contact-detection algorithm for unusual shapes. Secondly, the model files (.inp) are submitted to ABAQUS, and MATLAB controls the simulation process. The output data are extracted and written into .csv files. Thirdly, the extracted data are divided by Python code into data batches and fed to machine learning models for training. All IPE, Universal Beam sections and 54 welding sections from a realistic oil processing structure with different protection limits are carried out with the protection thicknesses calibrated with an optimisation program of 5°C allowance. The gradient boosting method achieves a root of mean square error of 1.34°C compared to simulation results. The calculation time of developed software with graphical user interface is also tested with varied number of temperature points and output intervals.
Arima Modeling of International Visitor Arrivals in the Philippines: 2008 – 2023
Authors: Agosto Jhaina B. , Galos Thea C. , Obejas Lyka T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This descriptive, quantitative, correlational, and predictive research aimed to analyze the monthly international visitor arrivals in the Philippines from January 2008 to December 2023 and forecast future values utilizing secondary data from the Department of Tourism, encompassing 192 months, with 24 months used for forecasting. The analysis employed various statistical methods such as Time Series Analysis, Exploratory Data Analysis utilizing the Winsorization process, Autocorrelation and Partial Autocorrelation Function, Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test, corrected Akaike Information Criterion, and Bayesian Information Criterion to assess the time series components.
The study identified an increasing trend in international visitor arrivals until January 2020, followed by a sudden drop in February 2020 due to the pandemic. The highest total number of international visitor arrivals in the Philippines on a monthly basis is January with 6,707,811 visitors and September obtained the lowest total number of international visitor arrivals in the Philippines with an increasing trend of 4,791,961 visitors from 2008 to 2023, irregularity was observed in the data due to pandemic. The best-fit model generated for forecasting the visitor arrivals was determined to be ARIMA(0, 1, 1)(0, 1, 3)[12] exhibiting an excellent predictive accuracy based on Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of over 17,000 and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 5.35% serving as metrics of forecast accuracy. The forecasted arrivals appear to be higher in 2025 compared to 2024 for each corresponding month, specifically, in 2025 with 579,805 visitors compared with 516,739 visitors on average, which may indicate an expected growth in tourism over the year. Moreover, the findings concluded that the model projects that January 2025 had the highest total number of monthly international visitor arrivals, while September 2024 had the lowest in the two-year forecast. The researchers of the study recommended the provision of updated visitor arrival data for future studies, regional data to be used in analysis, alternative forecasting techniques, and an investigation into factors affecting visitor arrivals.
Harmful Brain Activity Classification of Spectrograms with Transfer Deep Learning
Authors: Ganesan Sambhu , Kiran Yajat Nagaraj , Ram Shanker 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Electroencephalograms are medical tests used by doctors to determine any irregular brain activity in patients. The drawn-out process of manually classifying each of these signals can be time-consuming, costly, and even subjective among neurologists. We make use of the HMS dataset to classify spectrograms of brain activity into one of six abnormal brain activities. By applying basic data preprocessing techniques, we show the potential and power of using signal processing techniques like the Short-Time Fourier Transform and the Continuous Wavelet Transform in creating an accurate prediction model. By training on images of spectrograms and EEG signal plots, we create a three-model ensemble that can accurately predict brain abnormalities, easing the load off physicians. Our research showcases the potential of transforms in signal processing tasks.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, selvrapport (SDQ-S)
Authors: Kornør Hege , Heyerdahl Sonja 
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) ble opprinnelig utgitt på engelsk av Robert Goodman i 1997. I 1999 kom den norske versjonen, basert på en oversettelse og tilbakeoversettelse ved Einar Heiervang og kollegaer. Robert Goodman eier rettighetene til testen. SDQ-S har 25 ledd fordelt på fem delskalaer. Det er et selvutfyllingsskjema som skal kartlegge psykisk helse, vennerelasjoner og prososial atferd hos ungdom i alderen 11-16 år, og tar noen få minutter å fylle ut. Det er meningen at forskere, klinikere og pedagoger kan administrere og tolke SDQ.
Litteratursøk: Våre systematiske søk etter dokumentasjon for måleegenskapene ved den norske versjonen av SDQ-S førte til 252 treff, hvorav 27 publikasjoner fra 14 studier ble inkludert. Til sammen 20 av publikasjonene rapporterte fra store befolkningsstudier med til sammen 39571 deltakere i Oslo, Akershus, Bergen, Nord-Trøndelag og Nord-Norge.
Psykometri: De store befolkningsstudiene bidro med regionale normdata fordelt på alder og kjønn. I tre av studiene undersøkte forskerne faktorstrukturen til SDQ-S, og én studie rapporterte verdier for diagnostisk nøyaktighet. Gruppesammenlikninger mellom subgrupper og kontrollgrupper belyste også validiteten ved instrumentet. Vi fant mål på indre konsistens (Cronbachs alfa) fra seks studier.
Konklusjon: SDQ-S er et kortfattet instrument, men det er ikke dokumentert gode nok egenskaper i forhold til å fange opp ungdom med psykiske helseproblemer til at det kan anbefales som screening-instrument. SDQ-S har regionale normsett som varierer noe mellom regionene, men mangler nasjonale normer. Forventede gruppeforskjeller og konfirmatoriske faktoranalyser støtter opp under instrumentets begrepsvaliditet. Underskalaen Emosjonelle symptomer har tilfredsstillende indre konsistens, mens de øvrige underskalaene ligger under tilfredsstillende nivå.
Erratum: Referanse endret 3.11.15 (s. 8, i avsnittet Impact-skårer, første linje).
Si Vis Pacem, Para Bellum?: Perspektif Pacifisme Kristen
Authors: Widjaja Paulus Sugeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWar after war has been fought on earth for centuries, without a single one succeeding in bringing true peace. However, there are still many people and state leaders, including church leaders, who believe in the truth of the proposition “Si vis pacem, para bellum”. This article shows that the proposition is problematic since it originates from the national security paradigm. This article emphasizes the need to understand peace positively and actively, as a comprehensive idea related to relations and interconnectedness between humans and between humans and the non-human natural environment. In this light, Christian pacifismcalls for the church and Christians to abandon all forms of violence, including war, as they are not in accordance with Christian ethics. It seeks peace that is based on symbiocentric paradigm, which considersnot primarily the security of oneself and one’s group exclusively, but the sustainable well-being of all life. Christian Pacifism also calls on everyone to abandon the safety net of moral certainty, for Christian Pacifism is not primarily a technical or methodological issue related to war; about which methods can be more effective in resolving conflicts. Christian pacifism is a matter of faith and repentance. Equipped with this belief, churches and Christians can embody the Pancadharma of Peace which contains the Christian virtues of hope, vulnerability, humility, patience, and empathy.
AbstrakPerang demi perang telah terjadi di bumi selama berabad-abad lamanya, tanpa satu pun berhasil membawa perdamaian sejati. Namun demikian, masih banyak orang dan pemimpin negara, termasuk pemimpin gereja, yang meyakini kebenaran dalil “Si vis pacem, para bellum”. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa dalil tersebut bermasalah karena bersumber dari paradigma national security. Tulisan ini menekankan perlunya memahami perdamaian secara positif dan aktif, sebagai sebuah gagasan komprehensif terkait relasi antarmanusia dan antara manusia dan alam lingkungan non-manusia. Dalam terang itu, pacifisme Kristen memanggil gereja dan orang-orang Kristen untuk meninggalkan segala macam bentuk kekerasan, termasuk perang, karena tidak sesuai dengan etika Kristen. Pacifisme Kristen mencari upaya perdamaian yang dilandaskan pada paradigma symbiocentric yang memperhitungkan bukan terutama keamanan diri sendiri dan kelompok sendiri secara eksklusif, tetapi kesejahteraan seluruh kehidupan yang berkelanjutan. Pacifisme Kristen juga mengajak semua orang meninggalkan jaring pengaman kepastian moral, karena pacifisme Kristen bukan terutama masalah teknis atau metodologis terkait perang; tentang metode mana yang lebih efektif dalam penyelesaian konflik. Pacifisme Kristen adalah persoalan iman dan pertobatan. Berbekal keyakinan inilah gereja dan orang-orang Kristen bisa menghidupi dan membudayakan Pancadharma Perdamaian yang berisi kebajikan-kebajikan Kristiani, yaitu: pengharapan, kerentanan, kerendahan-hati, kesabaran, dan empati.
Conjunctive management of groundwater and surface water resources using a hybrid simulation–optimization method
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Abolfazl , Robati Amir , Momeni Raghabadi Mehdi , Kazerooni Sadi Mohammadali 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the optimal conjunctive utilization of groundwater and surface water resources in the Halil River basin, one of the most significant study regions in Kerman Province (Iran). Multi-verse optimizer (MVO) and the ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems) simulation model, known as the MVO–ANFIS simulation–optimization model, were used for this purpose. Moreover, the optimal exploitation policy for the studied basin was presented. The ANFIS model yielded a coefficient of determination greater than 0.99 in Baft, Rabor, and Jiroft. This model had a high capability to simulate groundwater levels in these three regions. Therefore, the ANFIS model was adopted as the simulation model to predict the aquifer water table in these regions. Regarding the conjunctive utilization of groundwater and surface water resources, the exploitation policy resulting from the MVO–ANFIS simulation–optimization model had a desirable performance by supplying 91.70, 87.75, and 97.58% of the total demands of Baft, Rabor, and Jiroft, respectively. Moreover, results of water system performance indicators, including reliability (82.96, 72.65, 95.07), resiliency (70, 53.47, 80), vulnerability (29.54, 25.64, 17.02), and sustainability (74.24%, 66.10%, 85.78%) in the mentioned regions, respectively, showed the appropriate performance of the proposed model for the simulation–optimization problem.
Effects of climate variability and/or land use dynamics on the hydrological balance of the Cavally river catchment at Toulepleu, West Africa
Authors: Yao Blé Anouma Fhorest , Soro Gneneyougo Emile , Larbi Isaac , Limantol Andrew Manoba , Goula Bi Tié Albert 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The study focuses on assessing the individual and combined impacts of climate variability and land use change on hydrological responses. The results indicate that the basin, urban area, cropland, degraded forest, and open forest shows an increasing trend, while gallery forest shows a decreasing trend over the period 1992–2015. Climatic variability is marked by two climatic periods (a wet one from 1980 to 1996 and a dry one from 1997 to 2016) with a 35% decrease in rainfall. Regardless of the state of the landcover used, the simulated mean annual runoff decreases by 67.92% between the wet and dry climate periods. Changes in land use between 1992 and 2015 reduce mean annual runoff by 4.71%. Analysis of the joint effect of climatic and LU variation shows a 68.96% reduction in runoff. In this catchment. The joint impact has a clearly greater effect on runoff than the climatic impact, which is greater than that of human activities. There is a need for policymakers to prioritise sustainable land use practices and integrated water resource management strategies in the area to mitigate the combined effects of climate variability and anthropogenic activities, ensuring the long-term resilience of the ecosystem and water availability for local communities.
Impacts of land use/land cover on water quality: a contemporary review for researchers and policymakers
Authors: Locke Kent Anson 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Few factors are as important in determining water quality as land use/land cover (LULC). Many land use activities, including agriculture, urban development, mining, and commercial forestry, tend to be sources of diffuse pollution. By contrast, indigenous vegetation can act as a sink, thus providing some protection from diffuse anthropogenic contamination. Notwithstanding the large body of research demonstrating these facts, decision-makers require clear and accessible information to assist them in developing effective management plans that are fully cognisant of the manifold impacts of LULC on water resources. Reviewing the available literature, this article, therefore, offers a critical overview of the typical impacts of LULC on water quality. An important strategy for managing water quality highlighted in this article is the maintenance of a sufficient amount of unfragmented natural vegetation, not only within riparian zones but also across catchment areas. However, knowledge gaps identified in this review indicate that further context-specific research is required to determine not only the types and minimum amount of vegetative cover required to protect water resources from diffuse pollution but also the potential impact of landscape fragmentation on the ability of natural vegetation to protect water resources. A critical discussion of these factors is therefore provided.
Will the European Regulation for water reuse for agricultural irrigation foster this practice in the European Union?
Authors: McLennan Cameron , Rudi Gabrielle , Altchenko Yvan , Ait-Mouheb Nassim 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The development of the water reuse sector within the European Union (EU) varies considerably. In 2020, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, France and Cyprus had the most comprehensive regulations for the reuse of reclaimed water for agriculture. The approval of a common regulation by the EU Parliament and the Council in May 2020 (which came into effect in June 2023) elicits the question of how each country will comply with it. This review compares (i) national regulations to the 2020 European Regulation, (ii) existing projects with respect to their performance in terms of water quality and (iii) raises a debate about the role of the EU Regulation in fostering water reuse at the EU level. The European Regulation will probably strengthen consumer confidence as common minimum requirements are now required. However, the issues related to micropollutants, disinfection by-products or possible changes in the water quality downstream of the compliance point are not fully considered by the EU Regulation. Moreover, other techno-economic obstacles to be overcome include the distance between the production of treated water and agricultural needs, the low economic competitiveness of reclaimed water and the implementation of the multi-barrier approach.
Mitigation of tunnel support design risks for hydropower projects within high tectonic stress regimes – an empirical analysis
Authors: Hameed Aamir , Soomro Mairaj , Huang Yaoying , Akram Mian Sohail , Sanaullah Muhammad , Ahmed Luqman , Khan Muhammad Jehangir 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The study for the design of tunnels in similar geological settings, providing insights into potential challenges that may arise during excavation and offering strategies for mitigating risks in District Kalam on the Ushu River, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The methodology involved geological mapping, rock sampling, discontinuity surveys, and laboratory testing for empirical analysis of tunnel parameters at the Weir House, Powerhouse, and tunnel alignment locations. Empirical analysis of tunnel parameters using three rock classification systems, rock mass rating (RMR), rock quality tunneling index, and rock mass index (RMi). Based on the classification, the rock quality was found to be fair, indicating favorable rock properties. The Q-system rated the rock as poor to fair, suggesting low discontinuity intensity, medium rock strength, or medium deformation modulus. According to the RMi, rock was rated as medium to strong, indicating low discontinuity intensity, high rock strength, or low deformability. The support design for the tunnel is based on empirical analysis, it recommends support design for the tunnel reinforcement elements such as rock bolts, wire mesh, and shotcrete lining. Overall, the tunnel is stable and does not have complex structure and weak zones.
Demarcation of groundwater potential zones in Ponnai sub-basin, Southern India using remote sensing, GIS and fuzzy-AHP approaches
Authors: Loganathan Sankar , Sathiyamoorthy Mahenthiran 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Groundwater is an essential source for household, irrigation and industry needs. The amount of groundwater and its quality are rapidly declining because of urbanization and industrialization. Groundwater resources in hard rock regions should be handled properly to maximize their utilization. This work aims to demarcate the Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZ) in a part of the Palar River Basin (Ponnai sub-basin) by combining Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The factors which influence the groundwater like geology, land use/land cover (LULC), geomorphology, slope, soil, rainfall, lineament density (LD), drainage density (DD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), topographic wetness index (TWI) and topographic position index (TPI) are considered for mapping of GWPZ. The weightage is allocated to these parameters on the basis of the FAHP technique and the obtained groundwater potential map was classified as, very poor (13.5%), poor (21.76%), moderate (31.5%), good (20.66%) and very good (8.54%). The GWPZ map was validated with the actual well yield of the Ponnai sub-basin. The research work will serve as a guideline for the effective use of groundwater and long-term sustainable management of the aquifer in the Ponnai sub-basin.