bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Other than obedient: Girls' constructions of doctors and treatment regimes for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Boughtwood Desiree , Halse Christine 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper examines how teenage girls diagnosed with and being treated for anorexia nervosa in hospital construct their anorexia, their identity as patients, medical authority and their doctors. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 25 adolescent girls in two large, metropolitan hospitals in Australia. Using a discourse analytic approach informed by poststructural theory, we elucidate how girls perform as patients, contest the authoritative position of doctors and deploy popular, taken‐for‐granted discourses of femininity to resist treatment regimes and the construction of themselves by others as ‘anorexic’ and ‘sick’. Our analysis indicates that medical discourses in the hospital do not necessarily define or delimit girls' constructions of themselves, of anorexia, treatment or their relationships with doctors. The paper argues that understanding and validating girls' perspectives is essential in building and maintaining a therapeutic alliance in hospitals. We conclude by discussing how insights from poststructural analysis can assist in improving hospital practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Studies on the Reaction of Isopenicillin N Synthase with a Sterically Demanding Depsipeptide Substrate Analogue
Authors: Ge Wei , Clifton Ian J. , Howard‐Jones Annaleise R. , Stok Jeanette E. , Adlington Robert M. , Baldwin Jack E. , Rutledge Peter J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIsopenicillin N synthase (IPNS) is a nonheme iron(II)‐dependent oxidase that catalyses the central step in penicillin biosynthesis, conversion of the tripeptide δ‐L‐α‐aminoadipoyl‐L‐cysteinyl‐D‐valine (ACV) to isopenicillin N (IPN). This report describes mechanistic studies using the analogue δ‐(L‐α‐aminoadipoyl)‐(3S‐methyl)‐L‐cysteine D‐α‐hydroxyisovaleryl ester (ASmCOV), designed to intercept the catalytic cycle at an early stage. ASmCOV incorporates two modifications from the natural substrate: the second and third residues are joined by an ester, so this analogue lacks the key amide of ACV and cannot form a β‐lactam; and the cysteinyl residue is substituted at its β‐carbon, bearing a (3S)‐methyl group. It was anticipated that this methyl group will impinge directly on the site in which the co‐substrate dioxygen binds. The novel depsipeptide ASmCOV was prepared in 13 steps and crystallised with IPNS anaerobically. The 1.65 Å structure of the IPNS–FeII–ASmCOV complex reveals that the additional β‐methyl group is not oriented directly into the oxygen binding site, but does increase steric demand in the active site and increases disorder in the position of the isovaleryl side chain. Crystals of IPNS–FeII–ASmCOV were incubated with high‐pressure oxygen gas, driving substrate turnover to a single product, an ene‐thiol/C‐hydroxylated depsipeptide. A mechanism is proposed for the reaction of ASmCOV with IPNS, linking this result to previous crystallographic studies with related depsipeptides and solution‐phase experiments with cysteine‐methylated tripeptides. This result demonstrates that a (3S)‐methyl group at the substrate cysteinyl β‐carbon is not in itself a block to IPNS activity as previously proposed, and sheds further light on the steric complexities of IPNS catalysis.
Transfemoral percutaneous removal of a knotted Swan‐Ganz catheter
Authors: Katsikis Athanasios , Karavolias George , Voudris Vassilios 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntracardiac knotting of balloon‐tipped flow‐directed catheters during a heart catheterization procedure represents a rare but serious complication. In case that such an event occurs, leading to inability to remove the catheter, various different methods have been described to solve the problem, varying from the least invasive to open heart surgery. The formation of large knots requires surgical removal in the vast majority of cases. We describe the successful nonsurgical removal of a Swan‐Ganz catheter, after the formation of a large double knot, during a right heart catheterization performed without fluoroscopic guidance in the intensive care unit. This technique could serve as a last resort in cases that surgical removal seems inevitable due to size‐related inapplicability of other nonsurgical methods. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Five‐year clinical follow‐up after implantation of the endeavor zotarolimus‐eluting stent: ENDEAVOR I, first‐in‐human study
Authors: Meredith Ian T. , Ormiston John , Whitbourn Robert , Kay I. Patrick , Muller David , Cutlip Donald E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the 5‐year clinical outcomes of patients treated with the Endeavor zotarolimus‐eluting stent (ZES) in the ENDEAVOR I first‐in‐human study. Background: ENDEAVOR I was a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study of the Endeavor ZES in 100 consecutive patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) due to de novo, stenotic lesions in native coronary arteries. Methods: Patients with single or multivessel CAD were eligible to participate, but only one lesion per patient was treated. The lesion had to have ≥50% stenosis, be ≤15 mm in length, and located in a vessel with a reference diameter of 3.0–3.5 mm. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE), target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel failure (TVF), and stent thrombosis were evaluated 5 years after stent implantation. Results: The cumulative incidence of MACE was 2.0% at 1 year, 3.0% at 2 years, 6.1% at 3 years, 7.2% at 4 years, and 7.2% at 5 years. At 5 years, there were seven patients who had eight events; four noncardiac (cancer) deaths, three cases of TLR, of which one presented as a non‐Q‐wave MI because of a stent thrombosis at 10 days after the index procedure. There were no late or very late stent thromboses by any definition. TVF at 5 years was 5.2%. Conclusions: Use of the Endeavor ZES to treat symptomatic CAD due to de novo lesions in native coronary arteries resulted in sustained clinical benefits to 5 years, with low rates of MACE, TLR, TVF, and stent thrombosis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The heel and toe of the cell's foot: A multifaceted approach for understanding the structure and dynamics of focal adhesions
Authors: Wolfenson Haguy , Henis Yoav I. , Geiger Benjamin , Bershadsky Alexander D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFocal adhesions (FAs) are large clusters of transmembrane receptors of the integrin family and a multitude of associated cytoplasmic “plaque” proteins, which connect the extracellular matrix‐bound receptors with the actin cytoskeleton. The formation of nearly stationary FAs defines a boundary between the dense and highly dynamic actin network in lamellipodium and the sparser and more diverse cytoskeletal organization in the lamella proper, creating a template for the organization of the entire actin network. The major “mechanical” and “sensory” functions of FAs; namely, the nucleation and regulation of the contractile, myosin‐II‐containing stress fibers and the mechanosensing of external surfaces depend, to a major extent, on the dynamics of molecular components within FAs. A central element in FA regulation concerns the positive feedback loop, based on the most intriguing feature of FAs; that is, their dependence on mechanical tension developing by the growing stress fibers. FAs grow in response to such tension, and rapidly disassemble upon its relaxation. In this article, we address the mechanistic relationships between the process of FA development, maturation and dissociation and the dynamic molecular events, which take place in different regions of the FA, primarily in the distal end of this structure (the “toe”) and the proximal “heel,” and discuss the central role of local mechanical forces in orchestrating the complex interplay between FAs and the actin system. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66: 1017–1029, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase Transition Induced Adhesion of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
Authors: Franke Thomas , Leirer Christian , Wixforth Achim , Schneider Matthias F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCell and vesicle adhesion is believed to be dictated by the balance between a local interaction potential, which represents the sum of all attractive and repulsive forces and the elastic energy. Changing the mechanical properties of the membrane therefore offers a sensitive tool to control vesicle adhesion. Here, we take advantage of the dramatic changes in area per molecule, fluidity and compressibility during lipid phase transition to alter vesicle adhesion. We demonstrate that driving a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) through its phase transition by increasing the temperature leads to a wetting transition of the vesicle onto a pure glass substrate. Analysing vesicle shape and the adhesion area shows that the vesicle is strongly adhered and that the wetting process follows exactly the melting transition of the lipid membrane. We provide evidence that the linear relationship between change in area and enthalpy during lipid phase transition can be applied to individual vesicles as its application correctly extracts the heat capacity profile of DPPC vesicles from our adhesion experiments. It clearly demonstrates that this wetting process is driven by the coupling of mechanical and thermodynamic properties in lipid membranes.
On convexity of MQAM's and MPAM's bit error probability functions
Authors: Naeem M. , Lee Daniel C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFor MQAM and MPAM with practical values of M and Gray mapping, we provide a rigorous proof that the associated bit error probability (BEP) functions are convex of the signal‐to‐noise ratio per symbol. The proof employs Taylor series expansions of the BEP functions' second derivatives and term‐by‐term comparisons between positive and negative terms. Convexity results are useful for optimizing communication systems as in optimizing adaptive transmission policies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An optimized scheduling scheme in OFDMA WiMax networks
Authors: Wang Hanwu , Jia Weijia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes an optimized scheduling scheme in OFDMA‐based WiMax networks to achieve both optimized system throughput and a completeQoSimplementation for various types of traffic flows. Our scheduling scheme includes two components, one is the resource allocation for each user; the other is theQoSscheduling for various traffic sessions. Specifically an optimization problem is formulated to distribute all OFDMA channel resource among different competing users by exploiting the transmission adaption and multiuser diversity on each traffic channel. The optimized resource allocation can also be processed under different constraints to achieve different performance metrics. To ensure the WiMaxQoSperformance, we perform the resource allocation in a priority manner with respect to the different types ofQoSrequirements and get a desired transmission bandwidth for each user. Based on it we further schedule different traffic sessions at each user with respect to a proper admission control mechanism. The relevant solution and algorithms for our proposed scheduling scheme are presented in detail. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that our scheme can achieve the key performance objectives such as completeQoSrequirements, high channel transmission efficiency and optimal throughput over the whole OFDMA WiMax system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity and utility of subtyping anorexia nervosa
Authors: Peat Christine , Mitchell James E. , Hoek Hans W. , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to review the available literature that addresses the predictive validity and utility of subtyping patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) into binge/purge and restrictor subtypes.MethodLiterature was reviewed including studies that compared individuals with subtype diagnoses on clinical and outcome variables as well as more recent research examining the frequency of diagnostic crossover.ResultsSeveral studies found that in general the binge/purge subtype patients have more psychopathology, tend to be older, and tend to have a worse outcome. More recent studies which have examined diagnostic crossover suggest that the rate of crossover from the restrictor subtype to the binge/purge subtype is substantial. Crossover from the binge/purge to the restrictor subtype appears to occur less commonly. There is also literature documenting crossover from AN to bulimia nervosa (BN) and a small literature looking at crossover from BN to AN.DiscussionThe results of this article suggest that although there is generally progression from restrictor AN to binge/purge AN to BN in a sizeable number of patients, other crossover patterns can be seen as well and the amount of crossover is quite large. This suggests a lack of predictive validity for subtypes. © 2009 American Psychiatric Association. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Effect of location on virgin olive oils of the two main Tunisian olive cultivars
Authors: Guerfel Mokhtar , Ouni Youssef , Taamalli Amani , Boujnah Dalenda , Stefanoudaki Evagellia , Zarrouk Mokhtar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe olive oil content in phenolic compounds depends on the variety of the fruit used for its extraction as well as on the predominant climate conditions in the tree cultivation area. Here, we report on the characterization of virgin olive oil samples obtained from fruits of the main Tunisian olive cultivars Chemlali and Chétoui, grown in three different Tunisian locations, Zaghouan (North), Sousse (Center) and Sfax (South). Chétoui olive oil samples obtained from fruits of olive trees cultivated in Zaghouan and Chemlali olive oil samples obtained from fruits of olive trees cultivated in Sousse were found to have a higher mean total phenol content (1004 and 330 mg/kg, respectively). Olive oil samples obtained from fruits of both cultivars had different phenolic profiles and a higher content in 3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA when the olive trees were cultivated in Zaghouan. Both olive cultivars were found to have different responses to environmental conditions. Chétoui olive oil showed decreased oxidative stability when the fruits were obtained from olive trees cultivated in the center of Tunisia (34.8 h) and in Sfax (16.17 h). Furthermore, statistical data showed that the phenolic composition and oxidative stability of Chétoui olive oil varied more by location than those of Chemlali olive oils.
Accelerated oxidation: Comparative study of a new reactor with oxidation stability instrument
Authors: Comandini Patrizia , Verardo Vito , Maiocchi Paola , Caboni Maria Fiorenza 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAccelerated oxidation tests, such as the determination of the induction period, increase the lipid oxidation rate by exposing a food to elevated temperatures, in the presence of excess quantities of air or oxygen. In addition to the well‐founded oxidative stability index (OSI) method, an innovative and promising technique is the oxidation test (OXITEST) reactor. A new analytical method was developed with OXITEST to oxidize vegetable oils. At a preliminary stage of the investigation, the induction periods of sunflower and extra‐virgin olive oil obtained by the OXITEST reactor were plotted against temperature, on the basis of the Arrhenius law; the activation energy and the frequency factor of lipid oxidation were calculated and resulted in 98.61 kJ/mol and 2.33×1010 s–1, respectively, for sunflower oil and 106.48 kJ/mol and 6.27×1010 s–1, respectively for extra‐virgin olive oil. The new oxidative technique was employed to determine the induction periods of vegetable oils; the results obtained were well correlated with those achieved with OSI technology, with a Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.9785 (p <0.05) for oilseeds and palm oil and r = 0.9501 (p <0.05) for extra‐virgin olive oils.
Cu‐ and Mo‐Catalysed Expedient Synthesis of Alkynyl‐Substituted Derivatives of 1,2‐Dihydropyridines, ‐quinolines and ‐isoquinolines
Authors: Kumaraswamy Gullapalli , Rambabu Dasa , Jayaprakash Neerasa , Venkata Rao Gadde , Sridhar Balasubramanian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of 1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines and ‐quinolines by employing dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate activated isoquinolines and quinolines in conjuction with the CuCl2/Et3N catalytic system is described herein. Furthermore, the MoO3‐catalysed alkynylation of pyridines and substituted pyridines has also been achieved. Moreover, this process has allowed the rapid synthesis of alkynyl derivatives of dihydroisoquinoline and ‐quinoline with functional group variations of the alkynyl group by using a low catalyst loading (i.e., 1 mol‐%). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The β2 integrin CD11b attenuates polyinosinic:Polycytidylic acid–induced hepatitis by negatively regulating natural killer cell functions #
Authors: Zhang Minggang , Han Yanmei , Han Chaofeng , Xu Sheng , Bao Yan , Chen Zhubo , Gu Yan , Xia Dajing , Cao Xuetao 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The β2 integrins play a key role in inflammation and immune responses. The β2 integrin CD11b has been shown recently to be important in the maintenance of tolerance; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Natural killer (NK) cells are an important effector of innate immunity but are also a regulator of adaptive immune response. How the activating and inhibitory signals are balanced to determine NK cell function needs to be further identified. CD11b expression was dramatically up-regulated on NK cells once they matured and became activated; therefore, we investigated the role of inducible CD11b in the regulation of NK cells. Neutralizing anti-CD11b antibody enhanced cytotoxicity, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granzyme B production of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-triggered NK cells. CD11b-deficient NK cells stimulated with or without the TLR3 ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] exhibited more potent cytotoxicity, and higher production of IFN-γ and granzyme B. Through in vivo depletion of NK cells and adoptive transfer of CD11b-deficient NK cells, we demonstrated that CD11b-mediated suppression of NK cell function was responsible for attenuation of poly(I:C)-induced acute hepatitis by CD11b. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that CD11b negatively regulates NK cell activation and thus attenuates poly(I:C)-induced acute hepatitis. Our study provides a new mechanistic explanation for maintenance of tolerance and control of inflammation by CD11b. (Hepatology 2009.)
The problem of the will in the late work of Vygotsky and Leont'ev's solution to this problem
Authors: Jantzen Wolfgang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFor a materialistic and monistic theory of emotional processes an overcoming of the Cartesian dualism is of fundamental importance. Following Vygotsky's analysis in The Teaching of the Emotions the concept of a free will stands in the background of this dualism of higher and lower processes. While Vygotskij is able to solve this dualism in the area of emotions in his late work, starting with the lecture Infancy, a solution to the problem of the will is still due. Here Vygotskij radically rejects the separation of higher and lower emotional functions according to a dualism of psychology and biology. He replaces this separation with a dialectical relationship of rudimentary and ideal form. Vygotskij delivers a most interesting methodological pre‐clarification for the problem of the will, supported by empirical work and theoretical considerations, but it is Leont'ev who succeeds in giving an acceptable solution. This was possible by determining the neuropsychological base of the will by means of Bernstein's psychophysiology of movement.
Comparing ceramic–metal to metal–metal total hip replacements—A simulator study of metal wear and ion release in 32‐ and 38‐mm bearings
Authors: Ishida Tsunehito , Clarke Ian C. , Donaldson Thomas K. , Shirasu Hideo , Shishido Takaaki , Yamamoto Kengo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOur 32 and 38 mm alumina ceramic‐on‐metal (COM) bearings were run in a hip simulator study for comparison with 32 mm metal‐on‐metal (MOM) controls. The 32 mm MOM bearings demonstrated an overall wear rate of 1.58 mm3/million cycles (Mc) that was comparable to previous simulator studies. The peak run‐in MOM wear‐rates (10, 15.7 mm3/Mc) were higher than in previous simulator studies. There was a noticeable graying in color of serum lubricants with MOM wear rates of 2–3 mm3/Mc and with wear rates of 10–15 mm3/Mc the serum became much darker. The COM lubricants darkened during two “break‐away” wear events with wear‐rates 5.8–6.7 mm3/Mc. The 32 and 38 mm COM bearings demonstrated overall wear‐rates of 0.38 and 0.29 mm3/Mc, approximately four‐fold reduced compared to MOM controls. The COM wear‐rates were also much higher than in the one previous COM study. There may be methodological reasons that could explain this discrepancy. Our ion concentrations assessed from serum lubricants had Cobalt (Co) 68% and Chromium (Cr) 32% for average ratio of metal ion composition (i.e. averaging Co/Cr ratios: 2.26) in the parent alloy. Comparing Co ion concentrations during run‐in, the COM bearings represented a 35‐fold reduction compared to MOM. At 3.0 Mc, the COM represented a 33‐fold reduction compared to MOM. Overall, our simulator study confirmed previously published advantages of low wear and reduced metal ions with the ceramic–metal coupling compared to standard metal–metal bearings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2009
Calpain inhibitors prevent p38 MAPK activation and germ cell apoptosis after heat stress in pubertal rat testes
Authors: Lizama Carlos , Lagos Carlos F. , Lagos‐Cabré Raúl , Cantuarias Lorena , Rivera Freddy , Huenchuñir Patricio , Pérez‐Acle Tomás , Carrión Flavio , Moreno Ricardo D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTesticular injuries like torsion or cryptorchidism can cause massive germ cell death, which could have great impact on male reproductive health. In addition, it has been proposed that modern life style, in the form of underwear or sedentary work position, could increase the testicular temperature, induce germ cell apoptosis, reduce spermatozoa quality and promote male infertility. In this work we showed that a heat stress stimulus induced massive germ cells apoptosis, which was associated with p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation along with an increase in the levels of mRNA encoding calpain 2. Synthetic calpain inhibitors prevented heat stress‐induced germ cell apoptosis through inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Thus, our results indicate that the blockage of calpains suppresses p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and identifies calpain activation (most likely calpain 2) as an early event in heat stress‐induced male germ cell apoptosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 296–305, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization, and anti‐inflammatory evaluation of 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles combined with thiosemicarbazide and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moieties
Authors: dos Santos Filho José M. , de Lima José G. , Leite Lúcia F. C. C. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe reaction of 1,2,4‐oxadiazole carbohydrazides 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 1h with phenyl isothiocyanate led to an unexpected ring cyclisation of the thiosemicarbazide derivatives 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, giving compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h as side products. These two new series were preliminarily evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activity, using the carrageenin induced edema protocol. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).