bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel hybrid adsorption heat pump water heater
Authors: Dong Lihua , Suzuki Yuko , Kobayashi Noriyuki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA hybrid adsorption heat pump water heater has been studied for domestic use. It is a water heater with dual heat sources, and it combines the performances of adsorption heat pumps and conventional gas boilers. Moreover, functional adsorbent material‐zeolite (FAM‐Z02, Mitsubishi Chemicals) and water are a new adsorption pair for adsorption heat pumps. This article describes the operation, design, and performance analysis of one such water‐heating device. The experimental results showed that the hybrid water heater in the whole year has a stable COP even at low ambient temperature. The hybrid water heater can thus achieve high energy efficiency.
Agglomeration of biomass fired fluidized bed gasifier and combustor
Authors: Mettanant Vichuda , Basu Prabir , Butler James 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAgglomeration is a major problem in biomass fired fluidized bed combustors and gasifiers. Mechanism, reduction options and detection techniques of agglomeration are reviewed. Agglomeration may be classified broadly into three types: defluidization induced agglomeration, melt‐induced agglomeration and coating‐induced agglomeration. Sodium and potassium content of the biomass are the major contributors to the agglomeration in biomass fired fluidized beds. Higher temperature, lower fluidizing velocity and coarser bed particles also increase the risk of agglomeration. Alternative bed materials, additives or the co‐combustion of biomass with other fuels can reduce agglomeration potential of a fluidized bed. Two agglomeration detection techniques are discussed: controlled fluidized bed agglomeration and early agglomeration recognition system.
Two‐level cooperative and energy‐efficient tracking algorithm in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Guojun , Bhuiyan Md. Zakirul Alam , Zhang Li 
Published: September 2009

AbstractConventional target tracking systems are based on powerful sensor nodes, capable of detecting and locating a target in a large deployment area but most systems require high transmission power levels and a large volume of messages, much time for neighbor discovery operations, and many sensors to detect the target at a given time. We propose a two‐level cooperative and energy‐efficient tracking algorithm (CET) that reduces energy consumption by requiring only a minimum number of sensor nodes to participate in communication, transaction, and perform sensing for target tracking in wireless sensor networks. It is expected that only the nodes adjacent to the target are responsible for observing the target to save the energy consumption and extend the network lifetime as well by using a wakeup mechanism and a face‐aware routing. Through performance analysis and simulation studies, we demonstrate that CET improves target capturing speed and outperforms some existing protocols of target tracking with energy saving under certain ideal situations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uniform Mesoporous Silica Hexagon and Its Two‐Dimensional Colloidal Crystal
Authors: Lin Yu‐Shen , Lu Chun‐Yi David , Hung Yann , Mou Chung‐Yuan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWell‐ordered mesoporous silica nanoparticles with uniform hexagonal disk shapes are synthesized under dilute alkaline conditions with a two‐step process, separating the nucleation and growth process. The resulting monodisperse hexagons can be arranged in a 2‐dimensional (2D) ordered periodical super‐structure. The hexagonal symmetry is similar in both scales. A statistical mechanical cell model is applied to analyze consequences of the interesting packing structure, including osmotic bulk modulus, phase separation and defects.
Preferred Hydrogen Adsorption Sites in Various MOFs—A Comparative Computational Study
Authors: Fischer Michael , Hoffmann Frank , Fröba Michael 
Published: September 2009

AbstractForce‐field based grand‐canonical Monte Carlo simulations are employed to predict the hydrogen adsorption properties of seven structurally different MOFs. The performance of different parameter sets is assessed by comparison with experimental data, and the capabilities and limitations of the methodology are critically discussed, with a particular emphasis on systems with unsaturated metal sites. In addition to adsorption isotherms and isosteric heats of adsorption, the preferred adsorption sites are obtained from a detailed analysis of the calculated hydrogen density fields. Where possible, these positions are compared to the results of neutron diffraction experiments. This study highlights the capabilities of computational methods to identify the structural features which are most favourable for hydrogen adsorption, providing valuable implications for the synthesis of novel MOFs.
Effect of Film Thickness on the Columnar Packing Structures of Discotic Supramolecules in Thin Films
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Sik , Choi Sung‐Min , Pate Brian D. , Park Po Gyu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe effects of film thickness on the columnar packing structure of discotic supramolecules in a thin supported film have been investigated by grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering technique using magnetically aligned cobalt octa(n‐decylthio)porphyrazine (CoS10) films on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)‐functionalized substrates as model systems. Magnetically aligned CoS10 films with a range of film thicknesses (49–845 nm) form uniaxially oriented ‘edge‐on’ columnar superstructures with their columnar directors perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. However, the orientational ordering of the columnar packing in the plane perpendicular to the applied magnetic field is strongly dependent on the film thickness. While being damped by the elasticity of the side chains of CoS10, the strong interfacial interaction at the film‐substrate interface propagates up to 50–100 nm from the substrate, maintaining the orientation of columnar packing in the plane perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. When the distance from the film‐substrate interface becomes larger than about 100 nm, symmetric tilting of columnar layer orientation, which saturates at 11.5°, occurs due to longitudinal edge dislocations induced by accumulated elastic deformation.
Homolytic versus Heterolytic Dissociation of Alkalimetal Halides: The Effect of Microsolvation
Authors: Osuna Sílvia , Swart Marcel , Baerends Evert Jan , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Solà Miquel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHerein we report density functional calculations of homolytic and heterolytic dissociation energies of the diatomic alkalimetal halides MX (M=Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs and X=F, Cl, Br, I, and At) and their corresponding microsolvated structures MX⋅(H2O)n (n=1 to 4). Our results show that the homolytic dissociation energy of the MX⋅(H2O)n species increases with the number of water molecules involved in the microsolvated salts. On the other hand, the heterolytic dissociation energy follows exactly the opposite trend. As a result, while for the isolated diatomic alkalimetal halides, homolytic dissociation is always favored over heterolytic dissociation, the latter is preferred for CsF and CsCl already for n=2, and for n=4 it is the preferential mode of dissociation for more than half of the species studied.
Helical Fibrous Nanostructures Self‐Assembled from Metal‐Free Phthalocyanine with Peripheral Chiral Menthol Units
Authors: Lv Wei , Wu Xingcui , Bian Yongzhong , Jiang Jianzhuang , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: September 2009

Abstract(D)‐ and (L)‐enantiomers of a novel metal‐free 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)‐tetrakis(2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylcyclohexoxyl)phthalocyanine (1) with four chiral menthol units attached at the peripheral positions of a phthalocyanine ligand have been synthesized, and characterized. Neither the (D)‐1 nor the (L)‐1 enantiomer display a circular dichroism (CD) signal in the Soret and Q absorption region of the phthalocyanine ligand, indicating the lack of effective chiral information transfer from the chiral menthol tails to the phthalocyanine chromophore at the molecular level. Their self‐assembly properties were systematically studied by CD spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atom force microscopy technique. Although four constitutional stereoisomers of each enantiomer were synthesized, because the four chiral menthol substituents are randomly located at peripheral positions of the phthalocyanine ring, cooperation of intermolecular π–π interactions between the phthalocyanine rings with chiral discrimination of the chiral side chains of the (D)‐1 and the (L)‐1 enantiomer induces the formation of one‐dimensional helices with left‐ and right‐handed helical molecular arrangement, respectively, according to the CD spectroscopic results. This reveals the effective chiral information transfer from the chiral menthol tails to the phthalocyanine chromophore at the supermolecular level. The formed one‐dimensional helices twist around each other to maximize the van der Waals interaction, leading to the formation of highly ordered fibrous nanostructures with both right‐ and left‐handed helicity according to the staggering angles between the neighboring phthalocyanine molecules, indicating the hierarchical formation of these fibrous nanostructures. Careful inspection of these nanofibers indicates the majority of nanofibers with right‐ and left‐handed helicity formed from (D)‐1 and (L)‐1 enantiomer, respectively, with the ratio of approximately 1.3–1.4:1 among all the fibrous nanostructures obtained. Electronic absorption spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction results reveal the H‐aggregate nature of these nanofibers. The present results, showing part of our continuous effort towards preparation of self‐assembled nanostructures with helical morphology through molecular design and synthesis, will be helpful on providing new insight into chiral information transfer and expression for synthetic conjugated systems at the supermolecular level.
Fine needle aspiration of pleomorphic lipoma of the neck: Report of two cases
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Yu Kathy , Tong Guo‐Xia , Hood Melanie , Storper Ian , Hamele‐Bena Diane 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPleomorphic lipoma is a rare lipocytic neoplasm that most commonly occurs in the head and neck region in middle‐aged to elderly men. Clinically, it presents as a slow‐growing, wellcircumscribed subcutaneous mass. Histopathologically and cytogenetically, it has some features overlapping with other benign and malignant tumors, such as benign spindle cell lipoma, atypical lipomatous tumor, liposarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. However, cure rates are high when pleomorphic lipoma is treated with complete surgical excision with clear margins. Therefore, an accurate preoperative diagnosis is very important for proper treatment. Due to the rarity of this tumor, few cases diagnosed by cytology have been reported in the English literature. Here, we report two cases of pleomorphic lipoma, the diagnoses of which were suggested on fine needle aspiration biopsies and subsequently confirmed by surgical excisions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical functional lateralization in children with fetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: Domellöf Erik , Rönnqvist Louise , Titran Maurice , Esseily Rana , Fagard Jacqueline 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn order to explore effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on functional lateralization, item tasks measuring preferences of hand, foot, eye, and ear were administered to a sample of 23 children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) compared with typically developing (TD) children. In addition, a dichotic listening task was administered to a subsample of 11 children with FAS and a TD group of comparable age, sex and handedness. The children with FAS were characterized by increased nonright‐handedness compared with TD children. No differences were evident for preferential use of foot, eye, or ear. Moreover, children with FAS displayed more right ear extinctions during dichotic listening relative to TD children, indicating a lack of right ear advantage. The results add to findings of decreased manual asymmetry and less left‐lateralized speech perception in children with developmental disorders, and are further discussed in relation to the high incidence of callosal abnormalities in alcohol‐exposed children. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 696–705, 2009
Involvement of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 HiF(1α) in IgE‐mediated primary human basophil responses
Authors: Sumbayev Vadim V. , Nicholas Sally A. , Streatfield Claire L. , Gibbs Bernhard F. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBasophils play a pivotal role in regulating chronic allergic inflammation as well as angiogenesis. Here, we show for the first time that IgE‐mediated activation of primary human basophils results in protein accumulation of the α‐subunit of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), which is differentially regulated compared with signals controlling histamine release. HIF‐1 facilitates cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions such as inflammation and tumour growth by controlling glycolysis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. ERK and p38 MAPK, but not reactive oxygen species (ROS), ASK1 or PI 3‐kinase, were critical for IgE‐mediated accumulation of HIF‐1α, although the latter crucially affected degranulation. Abrogating HIF‐1α expression in basophils using siRNA demonstrated that this protein is essential for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression and, consequently, release of VEGF protein. In addition, HIF‐1α protein alters IgE‐induced ATP depletion in basophils, thus also supporting the production of the pro‐allergic cytokine IL‐4.
Novel Neutral and Cationic Aluminium Alkyl Complexes Supported by Potentially Tridentate O,N,L‐Type Aminophenolate Ligands and Their Use in Propylene Oxide Polymerization
Authors: Issenhuth Jean‐Thomas , Pluvinage Julien , Welter Richard , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Dagorne Samuel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPotentially tridentate O,N,L‐type aminophenol proligands of the type 2‐{CH2N(C4H8L)}‐6‐R‐C6H3OH (1a: R = Ph, L = O; 1b: R = Ph, L = NMe; 1c: R = tBu, L = O; 1d: R = tBu, L′ = NMe) and 6‐{CH2L}‐2‐CPh3‐4‐Me‐C6H2OH (1e: R = CPh3, L = O; 1f: R = CPh3, L′ = NMe) readily react with AlMe3 through an alkane elimination reaction to afford the corresponding aminophenolate aluminium dimethyl complexes η2‐N,O‐[2‐{CH2N(C4H8L)}‐6‐R‐C6H3O]AlMe2 (2a: R = Ph, L = O; 2b: R = Ph, L = NMe; 2c: R = tBu, L = O; 2d: R = tBu, L′ = NMe) and η2‐N,O‐[6‐{CH2(C4H8L)}‐2‐CPh3‐4‐Me‐C6H2O]AlMe2 (2e: R = CPh3, L = O; 2f: R = CPh3, L′ = NMe), respectively, as determined by X‐ray crystallography in the case of compounds 2b–e. These neutral Al dimethyl complexes all feature a (η2‐O,N)Al chelate, whether in solution or in the solid state, and complexes 2a, 2b, 2d and 2f may be readily ionized by B(C6F5)3 to yield Al cations of the type (η3‐O,N, L)AlMe+ (3a, 3b+, 3d+ and 3f+) as dissociated MeB(C6F5)3– salts in solution. The stability of these Al cations appears to be greatly dependent on the steric crowding around the Al centre. Despite ring strain associated with the coordination of the extra L ligand, the solution behaviour of such Al cations are consistent with the effective coordination of the extra L ligand to the Al metal centre under the studied conditions. Some of these cations were found to be highly active in propylene oxide (PO) polymerization under mild conditions to yield atactic PPO with a moderate polydispersity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Conformational Control in Metallofoldamers: Design, Synthesis and Structural Properties
Authors: Maayan Galia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMetallofoldamers are sequence‐specific oligomers, which are designed to fold into three‐dimensional architectures upon metal coordination. Their folding can involve additional noncovalent interactions and results in new chiral secondary structures, enhanced stabilization of existing secondary structures, or unique materials for specific applications. This microreview highlights recent advances in the field.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Post‐Modification Strategy for the Synthesis of Uniform, Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Patterned α‐Hydroxy Acid Oligomers
Authors: Franz Nadja , Menin Laure , Klok Harm‐Anton 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHydrophilic/hydrophobic patterning is a well‐established design strategy to guide secondary structure formation of both natural as well as non‐natural oligomers and polymers. This contribution explores the feasibility of a new approach for the synthesis of uniform, sequence‐defined, hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterned oligo(α‐hydroxy acid)s. The proposed strategy is based on post‐modification of a reactive oligoester scaffold composed of an alternating sequence of hydrophobic [(2S)‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylpentanoic acid] and masked hydrophilic [(2S)‐2‐hydroxypent‐4‐enoic acid] α‐hydroxy acids. The use of (2S)‐2‐hydroxypent‐4‐enoic acid instead of a complex side‐chain‐protected hydrophilic building block obviates the need for additional protective group chemistry during chain extension. In a subsequent post‐modification step, the allyl side chains can be quantitatively modified via free‐radical addition of different ω‐functional thiols to afford hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterned oligoesters. The proposed synthetic strategy provides an interesting alternative to rapidly generate libraries of foldamers with identical chain length and monomer sequence but different side‐chain functionalities.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Benzothiazoles: Direct Access to Benzothiazolones
Authors: Murru Siva , Mondal Pravat , Yella Ramesh , Patel Bhisma K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn efficient cascade process for the preparation of 2‐substituted 1,3‐benzothiazoles directly from 2‐haloaryl isothiocyanates and O or S nucleophiles by a Cu‐catalyzed, intramolecular, C–S bond formation has been developed. This cascade method is viable for the efficient syntheses of both O‐ and S‐substituted 1,3‐benzothiazoles. Furthermore, 1,3‐benzothiazol‐2(3H)‐ones having an alkyl group allow easy access to 1,3‐benzothiazolones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Towards the Preparation of Electrochromic Materials with Strong Absorption in the Near‐Infrared Region: Synthesis and Redox Behavior of Azulene‐Substituted Enediyne Scaffolds Connected by a 9,10‐Anthracenediyl Spacer
Authors: Ito Shunji , Iida Takahiro , Kawakami Jun , Okujima Tetsuo , Morita Noboru 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEnediyne scaffolds connected by a 9,10‐anthracenediyl spacer as a redox‐active substructure with 6‐azulenyl groups as π‐electron‐accepting groups in their periphery (3a and 3b) have been prepared by a one‐pot reaction involving repeated Pd‐catalyzed alkynylation of 6‐haloazulenes 7b and 7c with bis(enediyne) derivative 6. The azulene‐substituted bis(enediyne)s 3a and 3b exhibited two reversible one‐step, two‐electron reduction properties upon cyclic voltammetry (CV) attributable to the formation of dianionic and tetraanionic species. The electrochemical reduction of 3a and 3b led a strong absorption in the near‐IR region corresponding to the formation of the stabilized dianionic species 3aRED2– and 3bRED2–. An electrochromic analysis revealed the lower stability of the tetraanionic species 3aRED4–·· and 3bRED4–··, although the CV exhibited good reversibility. The mono(enediyne) systems 11a and 11b were also prepared for comparison. The electrochemical reduction of 11a and 11b did not exhibit good electrochemical reversibility by CV, but the electrochemical reduction led to a strong absorption in the near‐IR region, similar to the formation of the stabilized dianionic species 3aRED2– and 3bRED2– in the bis(enediyne) systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Efficient recovery of electrophoretic profiles of nucleoside metabolites from urine samples by multivariate curve resolution
Authors: Szymańska Ewa , Markuszewski Michał J. , Vander Heyden Yvan , Kaliszan Roman 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChemometric techniques usually employed in purity assessment and resolution of multicomponent peaks have been applied to analytical data from complex biological samples obtained with CE‐DAD. In the assessment of the purity of the electrophoretic peaks, the orthogonal projection approach, the orthogonal projection approach with Durbin–Watson criterion, and the simple‐to‐use interactive self‐modeling mixture analysis method have been employed. Multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares has been successfully implemented to resolve co‐migrating peaks of metabolites in CE‐DAD and to recover qualitative and quantitative information about co‐migrating components of urine extract. The main challenge consisted of developing high‐quality multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares models of multicomponent peaks acquired during the CE analysis of nucleoside patterns in 18 urine samples. The recovered ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectra have been employed to identify additional nucleosides, such as 1‐methylinosine, 2‐methylguanosine, and 1‐methylguanosine, whose presence in the metabolic profile produced by the applied CE‐DAD method has not yet been recognized. Concentration profiles of these compounds can be used in metabonomic studies.
Improvement of gel‐separated protein identification by DMF‐assisted digestion and peptide recovery after electroblotting
Authors: Lin Yong , Li Yan , Liu Yi , Han Wenjun , He Quanze , Li Jianglin , Chen Ping , Wang Xianchun , Liang Songping 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn‐gel digestion of gel‐separated proteins is a major route to assist in proteomics‐based biological discovery, which, however, is often embarrassed by its inherent limitations such as the low digestion efficiency and the low recovery of proteolytic peptides. For overcoming these limitations, many efforts have been directed at developing alternative methods to avoid the in‐digestion. Here, we present a new method for efficient protein digestion and tryptic peptide recovery, which involved electroblotting gel‐separated proteins onto a PVDF membrane, excising the PVDF bands containing protein of interest, and dissolving the bands with pure DMF (≥99.8%). Before tryptic digestion, NH4HCO3 buffer was added to moderately adjust the DMF concentration (to 40%) in order for trypsin to exert its activity. Experimental results using protein standards showed that, due to actions of DMF in dissolving PVDF membrane and the membrane‐bound substances, the proteins were virtually in‐solution digested in DMF‐containing buffer. This protocol allowed more efficient digestion and peptide recovery, thereby increasing the sequence coverage and the confidence of protein identification. The comparative study using rat hippocampal membrane‐enriched sample showed that the method was superior to the reported on‐membrane tryptic digestion for further protein identification, including low abundant and/or highly hydrophobic membrane proteins.