bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Kalgoorlie Otitis Media Research Project: rationale, methods, population characteristics and ethical considerations
Authors: Lehmann Deborah , Arumugaswamy Ashwini , Elsbury Dimity , Finucane Janine , Stokes Annette , Monck Ruth , Jeffries‐Stokes Christine , McAullay Daniel , Coates Harvey , Stanley Fiona J. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryOtitis media (OM) is one of the most common paediatric illnesses for which medical advice is sought in developed countries. Australian Aboriginal children suffer high rates of OM from early infancy. The resultant hearing loss can affect education and quality of life. As numerous factors contribute to the burden of OM, interventions aimed at reducing the impact of single risk factors are likely to fail. To identify key risk factors and understand how they interact in complex causal pathways, we followed 100 Aboriginal and 180 non‐Aboriginal children from birth to age 2 years in a semi‐arid zone of Western Australia. We collected demographic, obstetric, socio‐economic and environmental data, breast milk once, and nasopharyngeal samples and saliva on seven occasions. Ear health was assessed by clinical examination, tympanometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and audiometry. We considered the conduct of our study in relation to national ethical guidelines for research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. After 1 year of community consultation, the study was endorsed by local committees and ethical approval granted. Fieldwork was tailored to minimise disruption to people's lives and we provided regular feedback to the community.We saw 81% of non‐Aboriginal and 65% of Aboriginal children at age 12 months. OM was diagnosed on 55% and 26% of routine clinical examinations in Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal children respectively. Aboriginal mothers were younger and less educated, fewer were employed and they lived in more crowded conditions than non‐Aboriginal mothers. Sixty‐four per cent of Aboriginal and 40% of non‐Aboriginal babies were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Early consultation, provision of a service while undertaking research, inclusion of Aboriginal people as active members of a research team and appropriate acknowledgement will assist in ensuring successful completion of the research.
Fetal growth and childhood cholesterol levels in the United States
Authors: Ogden Cynthia L. , Schoendorf Kenneth C. , Kiely John L. , Gillman Matthew W. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryResearch has linked fetal environment to subsequent adult disease. This study examines the extent to which infants born small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) were at risk for high cholesterol levels in early childhood (ages 4–6 years). Data were obtained from 1727 children aged 4–6 years who participated in the cross‐sectional third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and had both birth certificates and blood cholesterol information. The odds of having moderately elevated (170–199 mg/dL) or high (≥200 mg/dL) serum total cholesterol after being born SGA were determined after controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, education of household head, saturated fat intake, parental history of high cholesterol and overweight status.Approximately 11% of participants were SGA. Proportions of children with moderately elevated and high cholesterol levels were approximately 28 and 8%, respectively. SGA children were almost twice as likely (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval [0.8, 4.8]) to have high cholesterol vs. low cholesterol than non‐SGA children, although the result was not statistically significant. Multiple linear regression demonstrated a similar inverse, non‐significant relationship between gestation‐adjusted birthweight and cholesterol (β = −2.3, P = 0.33). These data indicate a possible association between reduced fetal growth, represented by birthweight adjusted for gestational age, and increased cholesterol levels in early childhood.
The effect of soil flooding on the survival and development of the eggs of Tipula oleracea L. and T.paludosa Meigen (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Authors: MEATS A. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA comparison is made of the survival and development of eggs of Tipula oleracea and T.paludosa, at certain temperatures, under water only or under water standing over soil. The significance the activity of the soil microflora and mechanical disturbance of the water is discussed.
Reactions of various predators to insects storing heart poisons (cardiac glycosides) in their tissues
Authors: ROTHSCHILD MIRIAM , KELLETT D. N. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISNotes are given of experiments in which mammals and birds were fed with insects which sequester and store cardiac glycosides, and the insensi‐tivity of the quail (Coturnix japonicusTern.) to these substances is recorded. The variation in predators' reactions to toxic insects is discussed.
The significance of worker size in the seasonal development of the wasps Vespula vulgaris (L.) and Vespula germanica (F.)
Authors: ARCHER M. E. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the variation of worker size in Vespula vulgaris and V.germanica during the vespine season and of pupal size, as indicative of larval feeding conditions, on the same comb and on different combs in the same nest.
Reproductive maturation and pheromone release in the flour moth Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller)
Authors: CALVERT IAN , CORBET SARAH A. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the timing of pheromone production in relation to reproductive maturation in the female of Anagasta kuehniella, and of the maturation of sperm and response to the pheromone in the male.
The effects of larval competition on puparial size in Sarcophaga spp. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) breeding in dead snails
Authors: BEAVER R. A. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the effects of competition for food on the volume of the puparia of three species of Sarcophaga breeding in dead snails. The relationships between the number of puparia in a snail and the mean and total volume of the puparia, and the extent to which food is equally divided among the larvae are discussed.
Qviposition of Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) mated with males unable to transfer spermatophores
Authors: LEAHY SISTER MARY G. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the oviposition of females paired with males unable to transfer spermatophores. Various influences of the male accessory gland on the gonotrophic cycle are discussed.
Cardiac glycosides in a scale insect (Aspidiotus), a ladybird (Coccinella) and a lacewing (Chrysopa)
Authors: ROTHSCHILD MIRIAM , von EUW J. , REICHSTEIN T. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe presence of cardiac glycosides in the body tissues of three species of insects from three different orders, all feeding on Nerium oleander L., is recorded.
Water uptake through the cuticle of the water scorpion, Nepa cinerea L. (Heteroptera: Nepidae)
Authors: STADDON B. W. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe rate of osmotic water uptake through the hydrophilic cuticle of Nepa cinerea has been measured and compared with that found in other water bugs possessing a hydrophobic cuticle.
Ovariole microstructure and vitellogenesis in Lygocoris pabulinus (L.) and other mirids (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: WIGHTMAN J. A. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe microstructure of the ovariole of Lygocoris pubulinus is described, and an account is given of the method of yolk production. The significance of variations in the structure of the germarium in Heteroptera is discussed.
Changes in haemolymph osmotic pressure in Locusta migratoria larvae in relation to feeding
Authors: BERNAYS E. A. , CHAPMAN R. F. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the effect of feeding on haemolymph osmotic pressure in larvae of Locusta migratoria. Changes in concentration of solutes and haemolymph volume are investigated and discussed.
The reproductive behaviour and the nature of sexual selection in Scatophaga stercoraria L. (Diptera: Scatophagidae).
Authors: PARKER G. A. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISField data on male reproductive searching activity in Scatophaga is compared with that for non‐reproductive behaviour. The effects of high and low male density are investigated and the sequential organisation of the search pattern is analyse and discussed.
Observations on the metathoracic scent gland system of the backswimmer, Notonecta glauca L. (Heteroptera: Notonectidae)
Authors: STADDON B.W. , THORNE M.J. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe closing apparatus in the metathoracic scent gland system of Notonecta glauca is described, and notes on the distribution of metathoracic scent glands in the family Notonectidae are included.
The chromosomes of a long‐isolated monotypic butterfly genus: Tellervo zoilus (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) in Australia
Authors: EMMEL THOMAS C. , KILDUFF THOMAS S. , McFARLAND NOEL 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe chromosome number of the Australian butterfly Tellervo zoilus, the only representative of the subfamily Ithomiinae outside tropical America, is reported as n = 32. The meiotic metaphase chromosomes and adults of the typical subspecies are illustrated, and the significance of this particular chromosome number is discussed.
Lycaenid pupae that mimic anthropoid heads
Authors: HINTON H. E. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe resemblance of the pupae of three species of Lycaenidae of the tribe Spalgini to the heads of anthropoids in Africa, India, and North America is discussed. It is suggested that one of these, Spalgis lemolea Druce, resembles the head of a monkey when seen from nearby but a bird‐dropping when seen from further away.
Some defence mechanisms of the Hercules beetle,Dynastes hercules
Authors: JARMAN G. M. , HINTON H. E. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISMeasurements are given of the forces that can be applied to an object held between the prothoracic and cephalic horns of a large male Hercules beetle. The ways in which the horns are adapted for gripping objects are discussed. The intensity and form of the sound produced by the stridulatory organs of the male are described.
Engagement of the phallosome in blowflies
Authors: LEWIS C. T. , POLLOCK J. N. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe engagement of male and female parts during copulation is described in detail for Lucilia sericata Meigen. The occurrence on the phallosome of lateral ducts and apertures for accessory gland secretion is reported for a number of species of Calliphorinae.
Sperm competition and the evolution of the precopulatory passive phase behaviour in Locusta migratoria migratorioides
Authors: PARKER G. A. , SMITH J. L. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of sperm competition in Locusta migratoria, for cases where the competing ejaculates occur either as one per oviposition cycle or as two per cycle. These situations exert quite different sperm competition effects; evolutionary reasons for this are discussed. The adaptive value of the male precopulatory passive phase behaviour is considered in relation to sexual selection and sperm competition.
Manipulation of the length of the sensitive period, and the induction of pupal diapause in the flesh‐fly, Sarcophaga argyrostoma
Authors: SAUNDERS D. S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTLarvae of the flesh‐fly Sarcophaga argyrostoma were raised in short‐day cycles (LD 12: 12) and at temperatures (18° and 20°C) in which short‐day induction of pupal diapause was less than ‘saturated’. The cultures were then subjected to experimental treatments which modified the duration of larval development (the sensitive period). Overcrowding the larvae within a limited quantity of meat, premature extraction of the third instar larvae from their food, or exposure of the mature larvae to pure CO2 for 24 h, were all found to accelerate puparium formation, thereby curtailing the sensitive period, and reducing the incidence of pupal diapause. Conversely, lengthening the sensitive period by allowing the mature larvae to wander in wet sawdust increased diapause incidence. The results are interpreted in terms of an interaction between the length of the sensitive period and the ‘required day number’, and also in the light of what is known about the endocrinological control of diapause and development in flesh flies.
Pale coloration in Aphis fabae reared on beans treated with the plant growth regulator, ethylene‐bis‐nitrourethane
Authors: HONEYBORNE C. H. B. , van EMDEN H. F. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAphis fabae reared on broad bean plants treated with the experimental growth stimulator ethylene‐bis‐nitrourethane were extremely pale in colour and this persisted for the life of the individual, even when first instar nymphs were transferred from treated to untreated plants. Pale aphids had less than half the amounts of the pigments protoaphin and aphinin that were present in normal aphids. It is concluded that the aphids probably received a compound which inhibited pigment formation from the treated plants; the chelating properties of the metabolite of the compound in plants are consistent with this conclusion.
A new species of Strophingia Enderlein (Homoptera: Psylloidea) from Britain
Authors: HODKINSON I. D. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA new species of Strophingia is described from males and females taken in Dorset and Hampshire. Its separation from Strophingia ericne is discussed, and notes on the host plants and geographical range of the two species are included.
A new species of Callostoma Macquart from the Ethiopian Region and a re‐examination of the systematic position of the genus Oniromyia Bezzi (Diptera: Bombyliidae)
Authors: GREATHEAD D. J. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe first species of the cythereine genus Callostoma from outside the Palaearctic Region is described from the Ogaden region of Ethiopia. The relationships of Oniromyia Bezzi are examined, and a new subfamily is proposed to contain it as its affinities lie closer to the Cylleniinae than to the Cythereinae sensu stricto.
A revision of the British species of Halticoptera (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) allied to H.circulus (Walker)
Authors: ASKEW R. R. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA key is given to both sexes of five British species of Halticoptera allied to H.circulus (Walker). Two of the species are described as new and a third is removed from synonymy. Notes on the biology of the species are included.
A new species and new synonymy in the genus Silbomyia Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: CROSSKEY R. W. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA new species of Ameniine fly of the genus Silbomyia is described from Western Australia; the species is remarkable on account of its unique aberrant palpi. A new generic and a new specific synonym appertaining to Silbomyia are established.
The identity of the type‐species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)
Authors: BOUČEK Z. , De GRAHAM M. W. R. V. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe validity ofGonatocerusNees is discussed, and the identity of the type‐species,G.longicornis, is established. Generic and specific synonymy is listed, and the neotype female ofG.longicornisis redescribed.
A new species of Carpophilus Stephens (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Florida, U.S.A., and a reappraisal of the type material of Carpophilus ophthalmicus Murray
Authors: DOBSON RONALD M. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA new species of Carpophilus is described from males and females taken in Florida, U.S.A. A lectotype male and paralectotype female are chosen for Carpophilus ophthalmicus, and a new species is described from material misidentified as ophthalmicus.
Revisional notes on the African Sphingidae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: CARCASSON R. H. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA new species of Macropoliana, a new species of Hypaedalia and a new subspecies of Temnora griseata are described. Descriptions are given of the hitherto unknown female of Polyptychus trisectus and Centroctena imitans and male of Temnora wollastoni, and of the early stages of Sphingonaepiopsis nana and C.imitans.
Male courtship songs and sibling species in the Oncopsis flavicollis species group (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: CLARIDGE M. F. , REYNOLDS W. J. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe four Palaearctic species of the O. flavicollis species group are discussed and male courtship songs are described and analysed. The value of song studies in species taxonomy is discussed.
The morphology and systematic position of Prionotylus Fieber and Centroplax Horvath (Heteroptera: Coreidae)
Authors: DOLLING W. R. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of several aspects of the morphology of the genera Prionotylus Fieber and Centroplax Horváth. The systematic position of these genera within the family Coreidae and the generic assignment of Prionotylus meridianus Villiers are considered.
The Brunetti types of Tipulidae (Diptera) in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India: Part II, Nephrotoma Meigen and Ctenophora Meigen
Authors: JOSEPH A. N. T. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of eight species of Pachyrhina Macquart and four species of Pselliophora Osten‐Sacken, described by Brunetti, that fall under Nephrotoma Meigen and Ctenophora Meigen respectively.
Redescription of the neotropical Psychodidae (Diptera, Nematocera) described by Knab, Dyar and Coquillet
Authors: DUCKHOUSE D. A. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe remarkable neotropical Psychodidae described by Knab, Dyar and Coquillet, hitherto unrecognisable, are re‐defined and figured from the type material. Lectotypes are selected, and affinities discussed.
A new subspecies of the vernal bee, Colletes cunicularius (L.) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
Authors: O'TOOLE C. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the British populations of Colletes cunicularius (L.) which are recognised as subspecifically distinct on morphological and biological grounds. The distribution and history in Britain of the new subspecies is discussed.
The taxonomic status of Cerambyx dux Faldermann and C. miles Bonelli (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: SALIBA L. J. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the morphological differences between Cerambyx dux and C.miles. A key is given to the five species now included in the genus, and the relationship of synonymous forms is discussed. The egg, larva and pupa of C.dux are redescribed.
Further observations on the occurrence and mimicry of Mycalesis drusillodes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
Authors: VANE‐WRIGHT R. I. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA previously unknown population of the Satyrid Mycalesis drusillodes (Oberthür) is described from the Torricelli Mountains, which considerably extends the known range of this New Guinea species. New information is given concerning the two mimetic complexes to which this dual mimic butterfly belongs.
The phylogeny of a remarkable new genus and species of gymnusine staphylinid (Coleoptera) from the Auckland Islands
Authors: HAMMOND P. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA new genus and species,Stylogymnusa subantarcticaof Gymnusini (Staphylinidae Aleocharinae), is described from the Auckland Islands. The morphological peculiarities, including vestigial eyes and remarkable mouth‐parts, of the new species are discussed in relation to its possible habits. The phylogenetic relationships of the new genus are explored, leading to a discussion of the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Gymnusini and other groups of Aleocharinae. The tribes Gymnusini, to includeGymnusaandStylogymnusa, and Deinopsini, to includeDeinopsisandAdinopsis, are redefined, Adinopsini falling as a synonym of Deinopsini. Two species currently included inDeinopsisare transferred to other genera. The subfamily Aleocharinae is briefly characterised and considered to include several groups currently placed in other subfamilies.
The grass‐living genus Aptinothrips Haliday (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: PALMER J. M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA key is provided to the species of Aptinothrips: elegans Priesner, karnyi John, rufus (Haliday) and stylifer Trybom, with notes on their biology, host preferences and distribution. The following new synonymies are also included: Thrips imaginis Bagnall (= Aptinothrips apertus Kelly and Mayne); Aptinothrips stylifer Trybom (= Aptinothrips nitidulus forma groenlandica Richter).
The systematic position of Kaudernitermes gen.n. (Isoptera: Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) and its relevance to host relationships of termitophilous staphylinid beetles
Authors: SANDS W. A. , LAMB R. W. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe well‐known theory that termitophilous staphylinid beetles mimic their termite hosts has led to a reassessment of relationships between two termites, Fulleritermes contractus and Nasutitermes kaudernianus. The latter species was found to belong to a new monotypic genus, Kaudernitermes, of the constricted‐headed group of Nasutitermitinae. This Malagasy genus is most closely related to Leptomyxotermes and Fulleritermes of the Ethiopian fauna and Bulbitermes of the Indomalayan. It is diagnosed and a lectotype designated for Kaudernitermes kaudernianus comb.n. New measurements of its associated termitophile Spirachthodes madecassus and of the young stages of many Nasutitermitinae have led to more exact comparisons between supposed beetle mimics and their putative models among different instars of host species. These, with new observations of structural details, give rise to a theory that modes of mimicry and colony integration in the beetles may have followed diverging pathways.
The species of Pareromene Osthelder (Pyralidae: Crambinae: Diptychophorini) from the western South Pacific, with further notes on the New Zealand species
Authors: GASKIN D. E. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISSix species of Crambinae described by Meyrick, and three by Tarns, from western South Pacific islands between the Louisiade Archipelago and Samoa, are redescribed and transferred from Diptychophora Zeller to Pareromene Osthelder. Five new species and one new subspecies of Pareromene are described. The zoogeography and phylogeny of the genus in this region are briefly described, and some additional notes on New Zealand species are given.
Indian species of Drosophilidae, exclusive of the genus Drosophila
Authors: GUPTA J. P. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of five species representing four genera of the family Drosophilidae, one of which is described as new and two are new records from India. The Indian species of Drosophilidae (excluding Drosophila species) are listed and a key to the genera is provided.
The subfamily classification of the Micropezidae and the genera of Eurybatinae (Diptera: Schizophora)
Authors: McALPINE DAVID K. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe classification of the family Micropezidae is re‐examined and a key is given to the five subfamilies now recognised, of which Calycopteryginae is described as new and Eurybatinae is raised from tribal rank. Metopochetini is a new tribe of Eurybatinae. A key is given to the nine genera now included in the Eurybatinae, of which Papeza is described as new. P.szentivanyi is a new species from Papua. Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of genera are included. The position of Anaeropsis Bigot in the Micropezidae is confirmed. New synonymies are established as follows: Crepidochetus Enderlein (= Gongylocephala Czerny syn. n.); Metopochetus bivittatus (Macquart) (= Calobata tenuipes Walker syn. n.). New generic combinations are as follows: Metopochetus terminalis (Walker) and M.compressus (Walker) from Calobata; Crepidochetus nigrifemur (Czerny), C.pallidus (Steyskal), and Cater (Steyskal) from Gongylocephala; Crosa fragilis (Walker) from Micropeza; Crosa nigriventris (Enderlein) and C.uneifera (de Meijere) from Eurybata.