bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF IPS CALLIGRAPHUS (GERMAR) AND DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) TO COLEOPTERAN-ACTIVE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, A BACILLUS METABOLITE, AND AVERMECTIN B1
Authors: Cane James H. , Cox Hugh E. , Moar William J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple, reliable feeding bioassay was developed for screening certain biorational insecticides with potential use against pine bark beetles. Adult Ips calligraphus and Dendroctonus frontalis were fed freeze-dried phloem fortified with Avermectin B1, Bacillus thuringiensis with known coleopteran activity, or a bacterial metabolite (R003). Avermectin B1 was toxic to adult I. calligraphus by 4 days at an LC50 of 0.36 μg AI/g of diet. R003 was active against both beetle species, yielding 85–100% mortality after 10 days exposure to a concentration of 360 μg/g of diet. No B. thuringiensis product was toxic at a discriminating concentration of 200 μg of spore/crystal preparation per gram of diet. Beetle mortality on untreated diet remained <10% over the 4–10 days duration of feeding trials. Unadulterated, lyophilized phloem diet did not spoil during bioassays, provided that tanned beetles were taken for bioassays before they emerged from their natal host bolts. Microbial products with scolytid activity, such as Avermectin B1 and R003, could have future value for limiting bark beetle infestations of individual trees or small stands in urban or ecologically sensitive forests. Innovative strategies for delivery would have to be developed, however, to circumvent the cryptic habits of these phloeophagous beetles.
A NEW NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PROTOPIOPHILA DUDA (DIPTERA: PIOPHILIDAE), WITH NOTES ON ITS BEHAVIOUR AND COMPARISON WITH P. LATIPES (MEIGEN)
Authors: Bonduriansky Russell 
Published: November 2009

AbstractProtopiophila litigata sp.nov. is described from Ontario and Nova Scotia. McAlpine’s (1977) key to the species of Protopiophila is modified to facilitate identification of the new species. Behaviours of P. litigata and P. latipes were studied in Algonquin Park, Ontario. Whereas P. latipes reproduces on corpses in advanced stages of decay, P. litigata mates and oviposits on discarded cervid antlers, ignoring other carrion. Unlike P. latipes, males of P. litigata engage in ’mate guarding’. These traits probably represent autapomorphies of P. litigata.
NEW SPECIES AND DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS FROM THE NEARCTIC LEAFHOPPER GENERACOMMELLUSANDEXTRUSANUS(RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K.G.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFour new species are described:Commellus cedillafrom Alaska, Canada, and adjacent northeastern states;C.hyphenfrom the aspen parkland of Saskatchewan to North Dakota;C.semicolonfrom southern Montana; andExtrusanus oryssuswidespread in northern prairies (Alberta to Kentucky). Alary polymorphism in both genera is discussed. Species-specific characters from enclosed male genitalic structures are described and illustrated in detail for the first time, for all species exceptC.hyphen. Keys are presented to the species of both genera.
A NEW GENUS,NEOTHELAXES, AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF THELAXINAE FROM INDIA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Chakrabarti S. , Quednau F.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNeothelaxesgen.nov., type-speciesN.viticolasp.nov., as well asN.parthenocissisp.nov., are described. The host-plant of the two species isParthenocissus semicordata. The taxonomic position of the aphids is discussed.
POTENTIAL FOR PHEROMONE-BASED MATING DISRUPTION OF THE MULLEIN BUG, CAMPYLOMMA VERBASCI (MEYER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: McBrien H.L. , Judd G.J.R. , Borden J.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAtmospheric permeation of apple orchards with 16:1 butyl butyrate (BB): 2(E)-crotyl butyrate (CB), the sex pheromone of the mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Heteroptera: Miridae), demonstrated potential for pheromone-based mating disruption; atmospheric permeation with single components did not. In traps baited with 16:1 BB:CB, catches of male C. verbasci were 3, 64, and 105% of catches in nontreated controls for disruption treatments of 16:1 BB:CB, CB alone, and BB alone, respectively. With the two-component pheromone as a disruptant, catches of male C. verbasci were significantly reduced relative to controls at dispenser densities of 250, 500, and 1000 per hectare; catches were lowest at 1000 dispensers per hectare. For monitoring of operational trials, pheromone-baited open wing traps hung 1.5 m above ground were judged to be more practical than open wing traps hung 2.5 m above ground, or closed wing traps or white sticky cards at either height. Atmospheric permeation with pheromone did not affect numbers of males and females captured on nonbaited white sticky cards, and trap height did not affect catches of females. However, in pheromone-treated plots, significantly more males were captured on 2.5-m-high nonbaited cards than on 1.5-m-high cards, probably representing incidental catches of males following false trails to pheromone dispensers hung in the upper canopy. This study is the first reported example of pheromone-based disruption of orientation behavior in the Heteroptera.
RESPONSIVENESS OF DELIA SPP. (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) TO COLORED STICKY TRAPS IN FLOWERING AND ROSETTE STAGE CANOLA
Authors: Vernon Robert S. , Broatch James S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe responses of adult cabbage maggot [Delia radicum (L.)], turnip maggot [D. floralis (Fallén)], radish maggot [D. planipalpis (Stein)], and seedcorn maggot [D. platura (Meigen)] to sticky traps painted blue, yellow, green, non-UV-reflecting white, or UV-reflecting white, were determined in a field of canola (Brassica rapa cv. Tobin) at the rosette and flowering stages. Traps colored white, blue, or yellow generally caught higher numbers of D. radicum, D. floralis, and D. planipalpis than did traps colored green or UV-reflecting white. Depending on the crop developmental stage and its background color, response to color sometimes differed both within and between the sexes. This was most pronounced for D. floralis, for which blue and white traps were preferred by males at the rosette stage but not die flowering stage, and for which white, but not blue, traps were preferred by females at the rosette siage. White and blue, but not yellow, were the colors preferred by male and female D. platura in our study, with UV-reflecting white also being preferred by males during the flowering stage. It was observed dial catches on white and yellow traps were often significantly different and [hat white versus yellow preferences could be reversed within or between males and females of certain species during the rosette or flowering stages. The data suggest dial the concurrent use of white and yellow sticky traps should be considered when conducting relative abundance surveys of Delia spp. in canola fields.
COLD TOLERANCE IN THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Boiteau Gilles , Coleman Warren 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe seasonal change in the level of cold tolerance in a field population of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is described for a northern location. Survival of overwintering adult beetles is highest from September through January. After that it falls to a lower level that is maintained until beetle emergence in May or June. The seasonal change in the level of cold tolerance is parallel to the change in the intensity of diapause but not to the change in the low temperature exotherm. The value of the low temperature exotherm is variable but averages −8.8°C for active beetles on plants and −11.7°C for soil-collected overwintering beetles in their deep diapause phase. Experimental results suggest that reduction of the gut content and increase in the amount of body fat in diapausing beetles is sufficient to lower the low temperature exotherm by a few degrees. The diapausing state itself, without cold acclimation, is sufficient to increase cold tolerance. However, results suggest that it is not the level of cold tolerance of the Colorado potato beetle provided by the diapausing process that has allowed this species to extend its range northward into New Brunswick but its accompanying burrowing behaviour.
SPRUCE BUDWORM DEFOLIATION IN YOUNG BALSAM FIR: THE ‘GREEN’ TREE PHENOMENON
Authors: Piene Harald , Eveleigh Eldon S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDuring a severe outbreak of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), some balsam fir trees, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., remain noticeably greener than others in the same stand. We show that this ‘green’ tree phenomenon is not caused by differential defoliation in which certain trees experience consistently low defoliation pressure throughout an outbreak. Rather, these trees remain ‘green’ because of their prolific, epicormic shoot production which is consistently high during an outbreak, giving them a ‘greener’ appearance than other trees that produce lower numbers of epicormic shoots.
A SAMPLING DESIGN FOR WITHIN-TREE LARVAL POPULATIONS OF THE MARITIME PINE SCALE, MATSUCOCCUS FEYTAUDI DUC. (HOMOPTERA: MARGARODIDAE), AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LARVAL POPULATION ESTIMATES AND MALE CATCH IN PHEROMONE TRAPS
Authors: Jactel H. , Perthuisot N. , Menassieu P. , Raise G. , Burban C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSampling procedures for estimating within-tree populations of second-stage larvae (L2) of Matsucoccus feytaudi Duc., infesting maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), were investigated. These included random sampling without replacement, and systematic sampling with and without a linear model. The relative precision of the sampling was affected by the number, size, and bark thickness of the sample units. Because of symmetrical vertical distribution of within-tree populations, systematic sampling with a linear model did not increase precision when compared with simple systematic sampling. Sampling can be profitably reduced to below the crown portion of the bole, after removal of the part with either smooth or very thick and pyramidal bark. Counting L2 exuviae in the upper 10 cm of each 20-cm-long log, using one in every three logs, provided a relative precision of about 40%. The numbers of male M. feytaudi caught in sticky traps baited with 5 or 30 μg of synthetic pheromone were compared with the numbers of L2 estimated according to the sampling method previously developed. There was a significant positive correlation between number of scales caught and L2 estimates, at the level of individual trees for the lower dose lures, and at the level of groups of trees for the higher dose lures, used in 20-year-old stands. Large captures in younger, weakly infested stands were related to a possible immigration of flying scale insects.
SPACE- AND COHORT-DEPENDENT LONGEVITY IN ADULTLIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII(BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) MASS-REARING CULTURES
Authors: Heinz Kevin M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVarious biological parameters ofLiriomyza trifolii(Burgess) were investigated to maximize mass-rearing efficiency of this insect. Average percentage emergence from a cohort of uniformly aged pupae was 90.0% of which 37.0% were males. A significant difference in the among-day emergence sequences from a pupal cohort was detected with 77.5% of all females and 80.1% of all males emerging during the first 2 days of the emergence sequence. Adults emerging on day 3 within the emergence sequence lived significantly longer than did flies emerging on the other days within the sequence. Male flies lived an average of 9.9 days or 33.1% less than the 14.8-day average for female flies. Cage size was also found to influence adult longevity significantly with the greatest average longevity (20 days for females and 12 days for males) occurring in 385.6-cm3cages. Emergence time within an emergence sequence and the physical size of an experimental unit are two previously experimentally undocumented sources of variation influencing longevity ofLiriomyza. A significant nonlinear relationship between the number of flies leaving the rearing cages (as a result of normal rearing procedures) and the daily number of pupalL. trifoliiadded to each cage was detected. From these biological parameters, a birth and death rate simulation model was developed to predict adult population sizes ofL. trifoliiwithin a mass-rearing program. The gender-specific simulation model consisted of adult emergence (quantified in terms of the adult emergence sequence from a known number of pupae entered into each rearing culture), and adult death rate (quantified in terms of the survivorship of adults within the culture and the number of adults escaping from the culture). The adult population sizes predicted by the simulation model were not significantly different from the average population sizes observed from the rearing cages in validation studies utilizing normal mass-rearing practices. Use of this model should reduce the effort expended on maintaining host populations for commercial mass-production of natural enemies ofL. trifolii.
THE EFFECTS OF SELECTED DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS ON SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION OF ORIUS INSIDIOSUS (SAY) (HEMIPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE)
Authors: Richards P.C. , Schmidt J.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDiets combining the eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with corn pollen, green snap bean pods, and adult western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis Pergrande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)] were evaluated for their effects on the predatory anthocorid bug Orius insidiosus (Say). Nymphs fed only corn pollen did not complete development. Fourteen percent of the nymphs fed only green bean pod sections reached the adult stage. Females reared on a diet of bean pod sections did not oviposit. Nymphal survival, adult longevity, and fecundity were greatest for diets containing both E. kuehniella and green bean pods. When diets of bean pod sections and eggs of E. kuehniella were supplemented with pollen, egg production was slightly increased. Adult females provided with thrips were not more fecund than females maintained on a diet of eggs of E. kuehniella. Egg production increased significantly with the number of thrips consumed, demonstrating the importance of adult nutrition.
VARIABILITY AMONG APHID CLONES OF RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI L. AND SITOBION AVENAE FABR. (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN TRANSMISSION OF THREE PAV ISOLATES OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUSES
Authors: Guo Jing-Quan , Moreau Jean-Pierre , Lapierre Hervé 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVariability in vectoring efficiency among six clones of Rhopalosiphum padi L. and five clones of Sitobion avenae Fabr. in transmission of three French PAV isolates (PAV-RG, PAV-2t, and PAV-13t) of barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) on seedlings of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Plaisant was determined. All the clones could transmit these three isolates, but their vectoring efficiency was significantly different: 91% and 56% transmission efficiencies were obtained from the most efficient clones (Rp-M and Sa-R1) but only 21% and 9% from the least efficient clones (Rp-R26 and Sa-V) with 5-day acquisition and inoculation access periods (AAP, IAP). A significant difference in overall transmission between apterous adults and winged aphids of the tested clones was also found. In most cases, apterous adults were more efficient than were winged aphids. The overall transmission efficiency of apterous adults was 1.5 and 1.7 times that of winged ones for R. padi and S. avenae, respectively. The transmissibility of PAV-RG and PAV-2t isolates was similar within each of the tested aphid clones, but that of the PAV-13t isolate differed, particularly for the poorly efficient vector clones of S. avenae. Temperature could significantly influence the vectoring efficiency of the tested clones of R. padi, but the influence was greater on Rp-R26. High temperature (25 °C) facilitated more transmission than did low temperature (14 °C), and high temperature for AAP played a more important role than it did for IAP.
POPULATION GENETICS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA(CLEM.) FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN RELATION TO GEOGRAPHICAL AND POPULATION DENSITY DIFFERENCES
Authors: Harvey G.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCollections (68) of spruce budworm from 33 locations from Newfoundland to Alaska were analysed for isozyme frequencies using horizontal starch gels. Collections represented pre-, early-, mid-, late-, and post-outbreak stages of several populations in balsam fir, white spruce, and mixed host forests, as well as successive annual collections at several locations. Isozymes were measured at 11 loci in mature larvae and at six loci in pheromone-trapped males; frequencies were essentially the same in both stages, and from all host species. Three loci (IDH-2, LDH-1, and AAT-1) were found to be sex-linked, with no heterozygotes in females. Mean percentage heterozygosity ranged from 13.2 to 23.1; at individual locations it tended to decrease over successive years of outbreak and over successive collections in the same year. Contingency chi-square analysis indicated small differences related to location and outbreak history but all populations were generally homogeneous over the entire range. Nevertheless, one allozyme of AAT-1 exhibited a significant cline in frequency from the southeast to the northwest. Gene flow across the entire range appeared to be appreciable.
REVISION OF WORLD SPECIES OFPARATELENOMUSDODD (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Johnson Norman F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe genusParatelenomusDodd is revised from a worldwide perspective. Three species are described as new:P.angor[Taiwan, Thailand],P.indivisus[Papua New Guinea, Australia], andP.matinalis[Vanuatu].Paratelenomus bicolor(Dodd) [Australia],P.saccharalis(Dodd) [southern Europe, Africa, tropical Asia, Australia],P.ophiusa(Dodd) [Papua New Guinea, Australia],P.striativentris(Risbec) [Africa, India], andP.tetartus[Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines] are redescribed.Aphanurus graeffeiKieffer, 1917 andAsolcus minorWatanabe, 1954 are junior synonyms ofP.saccharalis(Dodd), 1913. An identification key to species is provided. The relationship ofParatelenomuswithin Telenominae is discussed; the hypothesized sister group isNirupamaNixon.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RED SPRING WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. CV. KATEPWA, DURING HEADING AND ANTHESIS TO DAMAGE BY WHEAT MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Elliott R.H. , Mann L.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn a 3-year field study, potted plants of ‘Katepwa’ wheat, Triticum aestivum L., were exposed to ovipositing wheat midge. Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), to determine when spikes are most susceptible to damage. After exposure, plants were maintained under controlled conditions for 4 weeks and examined for wheal midge larvae and damaged kernels, ‘Katepwa’ wheat became susceptible to wheat midge damage shortly after spikes emerged from the boot leaf. Location of larvae and damaged kernels within spikes was influenced by the duration spikelets were exposed to oviposition and pattern of anthesis within spikes. In 1992, frequencies of larvae and damaged kernels were 60–90 times higher in spikes exposed to oviposition during advanced heading (stages 57–59, Zadoks’ code) than in those exposed during flowering (stages 61–69). Kernel damage in spikes exposed to oviposition during stages 57–59, 61–65, and 65–70 was 48.5, 3.2, and 0.2%, respectively, in 1993 and 21.2, 1.0, and 0.6%, respectively, in 1994. Data indicated that susceptibility to midge damage declined 15- to 25-fold between heading and early anthesis and 35- to 240-fold between heading and advanced anthesis. Potential factors contributing to these declines and concomitant reductions in larval frequencies are discussed.Commercial fields of ‘Katepwa’ wheat should be monitored for ovipositing wheat midge throughout heading (stages 51–59) when spikes are most vulnerable to damage. Larval survival and kernel damage were so low after stage 61 that monitoring during anthesis should be unnecessary. Intensive inspection of fields throughout heading would ensure that chemical treatments are applied when they are necessary and most effective.
TAXONOMIC REVISION OF NEARCTIC, MEXICAN, AND WEST INDIAN OODINI (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Bousquet Yves 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEight genera and 25 species are recognized among the Nearctic, Mexican, and West Indian Oodini. Four new species are described:Oodinus pseudopiceus(type locality: Hillsborough River St. Pk., Hillsborough Co., Florida);Oodinus similis(type locality: San Quintín, Chiapas, Mexico);Oodinus darlingtoni(type locality: Cauto El Cristo, Oriente, Cuba); andOodinus edentulus(type locality: 31.8 mi E Francisco Escárcega, Campeche, Mexico).Oodes fluvialisLeConte, 1863, previously recognized as a subspecies ofO.americanusDejean, 1826, is given specific status. The following new synonymies are established:EulachnocrepisHabu, 1956 withLachnocrepisLeConte, 1853;Stenocrepis texana(LeConte, 1863),S.chalcasBates, 1882, andS.chalcochrousChaudoir, 1883 withS.insulana(Jacquelin du Val, 1857);Stenocrepis quatuordecimstriata(Chaudoir, 1843),S.picipes(LeConte, 1844),S.stenocephala(LaFerté-Sénectère, 1851), andS.sulcataChevrolat, 1863 withS.mexicana(Chevrolat, 1835). Lectotypes are designated forOodinus alutaceus(Bates, 1882),Oodes amaroidesDejean, 1831,O.fluvialisLeConte, 1863,O.americanusDejean, 1826,Stenocrepis texana(LeConte, 1863),S.chalcasBates, 1882,S.lecontei(Chaudoir, 1857),S.quatuordecimstriata(Chaudoir, 1843),S.picipes(LeConte, 1844),S.cuprea(Chaudoir, 1843),S.tibialis(Chevrolat, 1834),S.femoralis(Chaudoir, 1835),S.elegans(LeConte, 1851), andS.gratiosa(Bates, 1882). The genus-group nameNanodesHabu, 1956, a homonym ofNanodesSchönherr, 1825, is replaced byNanodiodes, new replacement name. For each genus treated, the following are provided: citation of original description and selected references, notes about synonymy (if required), description, geographical distribution and diversity, and monophyly and phylogenetic relationships. For each species included, the following are given: citation of original description and synonymies, type material, etymology (for new species only), notes about synonymy (if required), diagnosis, description, geographical distribution, bionomics, and phylogenetic relationships (if the genus includes more than two species). Keys to genera and, for each genus, to species are included. The species distributions are mapped, and the important structural features are illustrated.