bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Deep Vein Thrombosis: An Update Based on the Revised AWMF S2k Guideline
Authors: Linnemann Birgit , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Espinola-Klein Christine , Mühlberg Katja S. , Müller Oliver J. , Klamroth Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are the most common manifestations of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Most DVTs affect the lower-extremity veins. Since the symptoms of DVT are non-specific, a prompt and standardised diagnostic work-up is essential to minimise the risk of PE in the acute phase and to prevent thrombosis progression, post-thrombotic syndrome and VTE recurrence in the long-term. Only recently, the AWMF S2k guidelines on Diagnostics and Therapy of Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism have been revised. In the present article, we summarize current evidence and guideline recommendations focusing on lower-extremity DVT (LEDVT). Depending on whether the diagnostic work-up is performed by a specialist in vascular medicine or by a primary care physician, different diagnostic algorithms are presented that combine clinical probability, D-dimer testing and diagnostic imaging. The diagnosis of ipsilateral recurrent DVT poses a particular challenge and is presented in a separate algorithm. Anticoagulant therapy is an essential part of therapy, with current guidelines clearly favouring regimens based on direct oral anticoagulants over the traditional sequential therapy of parenteral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists. For most DVTs, a duration of therapeutic-dose anticoagulation of at least 3 to 6 months is considered sufficient, and this raises the question of the risk of VTE recurrence after discontinuation of anticoagulation and the need for secondary prophylaxis in the long-term. Depending on the circumstances and trigger factors that have contributed to the occurrence of DVT, management strategies are presented that allow decision-making taking into account the individual bleeding risk and patient's preferences.
Preoperative Predictors of Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy
Authors: Kurkowski Sarah C. , Thimmesch Michael J. , Kuechly Henry A. , Johnson Brian , Bonamer John , Newyear Brian , Emmert A Scottie , Grawe Brian M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of patient demographics and injury characteristics on post-arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (post-APM) patient-reported outcomes (PROs). We hypothesize that the presence of high-grade (Kellgren–Lawrence grades 3–4) arthritis at any location of the knee (medial and lateral compartments, patella, trochlea), comorbidities (psychiatric history, chronic pain, diabetes, smoking, body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30), and lower scores on preoperative patient-reported measures (36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]) would predict poor outcomes after APM. We conducted a single-center prospective study of 92 patients who underwent APM surgery for associated knee pain. General demographic information and PROs were prospectively collected using SF-12, SF-36, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) surveys presurgery and at 6-month follow-up. Postsurgery outcomes were patient-reported satisfaction (yes/no) and obtaining a patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) on IKDC. Data were analyzed with odds ratios (ORs), binomial logistic regression, and Mann–Whitney U test using IBM SPSS software. Demographic and injury characteristics that were poor prognostic indicators (had a decreased likelihood of obtaining PASS on IKDC postsurgery) included having Medicaid insurance (OR: 0.056; 0.003–1.00), chronic pain (OR: 0.106; 0.013–0.873), acute injury (OR: 0.387; 0.164–0.914), and high-grade (KL grades 3–4) medial compartment arthritis (OR: 0.412; 0.174–0.980), and preoperative SF-36 physical health score (PHS; p = 0.023) and mental health score (MHS; p = 0.006) values less than 47 and 48, respectively. Additionally, former smoking history (OR: 0.271; 0.079–0.928) showed a lower likelihood of being satisfied postsurgery. Not having psychiatric history (OR: 14.925; p < 0.001; increased likelihood of obtaining PASS on IKDC score postsurgery) and not having patellar arthritis (OR: 4.082; p = 0.025; increased likelihood of PASS on IKDC) were positive prognostic indicators. This study identifies predictive factors of poor outcomes post-APM; particularly, it highlights the usefulness of SF-36 surveys prior to APM surgery. Patients with low SF-36 score preoperatively may not find APM acceptable. Additional attention should be put on patient demographics (such as psychiatric history, chronic pain, and insurance type) and injury characteristics (presence of arthritis and acute injury) prior to performing APM.
Level of Evidence II.
Trilaciclib: A Novel Approach to Mitigate Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kapoor Mayank , Sehrawat Amit , Sundriyal Deepak 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTrilaciclib, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, has demonstrated the ability to protect bone marrow from chemotherapy toxicity, improving patients' quality of life (QoL). This review describes the mechanism of action, efficacy, and toxicity profile of trilaciclib. Trilaciclib halts retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation during the early G1 phase, preventing the transition from the G1/S phase and inducing the cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, which protects the hematopoietic cell lineages. Trilaciclib is indicated by the United States Food and Drug Administration and National Comprehensive Cancer Network to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in adult patients before a platinum/etoposide or topotecan containing regimen for extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Its ease of administration as an intravenous infusion, given before starting chemotherapy, and the favorable side effect profile make it a better-tolerated drug, improving patient QoL.
Characterization of Fat Used for the Optimization of the Soft Tissue Envelope of the Nose in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Storck Katharina , Ussar Siegfried , Kotz Sebastian , Altun Irem , Hu Fiona , Birk Amelie , Veit Johannes , Kovacevic Milos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeptorhinoplasty (SRP) is one of the most common aesthetic procedures worldwide. A thin or scarred soft tissue envelope, especially in the context of secondary SRP, can lead to unpredictable scarring, shrinkage, and discoloration of the skin. Other than the careful preparation of the soft tissue mantle, no gold standard exists to minimize the above-mentioned risks. Our aim was to create a thin “separation layer” between the nasal bridge (osseous and cartilaginous) and the skin envelope by autologous fat transfer with the addition of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to conceal small irregularities, to improve the quality of the skin soft tissue mantle, and to optimize the mobility of the skin. We report 21 patients who underwent SRP on a voluntary basis. All patients had either thin skin and/or revision SRP with scarring. Macroscopic fat harvested from the periumbilical or rib region was minced and purified. PRF was obtained by centrifugation of autologous whole blood samples and mixed with the fat to form a graft, which was then transferred to the nasal dorsum. Postoperative monitoring of graft survival included sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the nose. The harvested adipose tissue was also analyzed in vitro. In the postoperative follow-up after 1 year, survival of the adipose tissue was demonstrated in all patients by both sonography and MRI. The in vitro analysis showed interindividual differences in the quantity, size, and quality of the transplanted adipocytes. Camouflage of the nasal bridge by using adipose tissue was beneficial for the quality of the skin soft tissue mantle and hence represents a good alternative to known methods. Future aims include the ability to assess the quality of adipose tissue to be transplanted based on clinical parameters. Level of evidence: N/A.
Tandem supported, high metal-loading, non-PGM electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Matsuura Jonathan , Sheelam Anjaiah , Zhang Yingjie 
Published: April 2024

Developing non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a critical effort toward low-cost fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Such catalysts require a uniform dispersion of metal atoms on a solid support, typically consisting of nitrogen doped carbon. However, the synthesis of non-PGM electrocatalysts is often complex, and metal loadings are typically below 10 wt. %, limiting the number of active sites and, therefore, the catalytic activity. In this work, we overcome these limits by synthesizing tandem supported, copper loaded electrocatalysts. Through one-pot pyrolysis, we make carbon black/Cu-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) core–shell structures to optimize the trade-off between conductivity and metal-loading capacity and achieve a Cu loading larger than 20 wt. %. By controlling the pyrolysis temperature, we systematically modulate the catalyst composition, structure, electrocatalytic activity, and stability. At a low pyrolysis temperature of only 600 °C, we achieve an onset potential of 0.90 V and a half-wave potential of 0.81 V vs RHE for alkaline ORR and negligible current loss after 10 000 potential cycles. These results demonstrate an effective approach to realize non-PGM electrocatalysts with optimum metal-loading, activity, and stability, thus unlocking their potential for real-world applications.
A lexicalist approach to affixal rivalry and its explanatory
basis
Authors: Nagano Akiko 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the phenomenon of affixal rivalry, namely, the competition between
synonymous affixes, using comparative data and the lexical semantic
framework (LSF), which is a lexicalist theory in the
generativist tradition. The LSF’s major goal is to explain
derivational polysemy, and it uses the conceptual tools of (i)
feature, (ii) underspecification, and (iii) merge and coindexation
to address this issue. Crucially, these tools are indispensable to
explaining why languages often have more than one derivational affix
for one derivational function, as we demonstrate using paradigms of
nominalization and adjectivization in English and Japanese. We
interpret the observation of the same mechanisms underlying
different phenomena not as a coincidence but rather as a suggestion
that derivational polysemy and affixal rivalry are in fact two sides
of the same coin, constituting a tight-knit interdependence on each
other. As a related topic, we discuss the issue of base selection
and elucidate key factors to successfully respond to the challenges
raised in language acquisition and language change.
Competition between affixation and conversion in Present-Day
English denominal verbs
Authors: Debouzie Chloé 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the competition between
conversion and affixation in forming denominal verbs (to
pixel / to
pixelate
, to
glass / to
glassify
, to
acronym / to
acronymize
) in a dataset of 588
verbs first attested since 1950 and collected from the Oxford
English Dictionary and the Corpus of
Contemporary American English. The morphophonological
analysis of the inputs reveals constraints preventing the formation
of doublets, while the semantic analysis of the outputs shows how
conversion and affixation are used for the expression of different
semantic categories, thus limiting the number of semantic
competitors. We argue that the tension between economy of expression
and transparency of meaning is resolved by each verb-forming process
specialising in distinct niches. Our analyses thus reveal some
complementary distribution between conversion and affixation: each
process tends to select different types of inputs and tends to
convey different meanings.
Dynamics of stress propagation in anharmonic crystals: MD simulations
Authors: Kozioł Zbigniew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Anharmonic inter-atomic potential

∼

|

x

|
n

, n > 1, has been used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of stress dynamics of FCC oriented crystal. The model of the chain of masses and springs is found as a convenient and accurate description of simulation results, with masses representing the crystallographic planes. The dynamics of oscillations of two planes is found analytically to be given by Euler’s beta functions, and its scaling with non-linearity parameter and amplitude of oscillations, or applied shear pressure is discussed on examples of time dependencies of displacements, velocities, and forces acting on masses (planes). The dynamics of stress penetration from the surface of the sample with multiply-planes (an anharmonic crystal) towards its interior is confirmed to be given exactly as a series of Bessel functions, when n = 2 (Schrödinger and Pater solutions). When n

≠

2 the stress dynamics (wave propagation) in bulk material remains qualitatively of the same nature as in the harmonic case. In particular, results suggest that the quasi-linear relationship between frequency and the wave number is preserved. The speed of the transverse sound component, dependent on sound wave amplitude, is found to be a strongly decreasing function of n. The results are useful in the analysis of any MD simulations under pressure, as they help to understand the dynamics of pressure retarded effects, as well as help design the proper methodology of performing MD simulations in cases such as, for instance, studies of the dynamics of dislocations.
On the Garden of Eden theorem for non-uniform cellular automata
Authors: Phung Xuan Kien 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We establish several extensions of the well-known Garden of Eden theorem for non-uniform cellular automata (CA) over the full shifts and over amenable group universes. In particular, our results describe quantitatively the relations between the partial pre-injectivity and the size of the image of a non-uniform CA. A strengthened surjunctivity result is also obtained for multi-dimensional CA over strongly irreducible subshifts of finite type.
Accelerometer techniques for capturing human movement validated against direct observation: a scoping review
Authors: Letts Elyse , Jakubowski Josephine S , King-Dowling Sara , Clevenger Kimberly , Kobsar Dylan , Obeid Joyce 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Accelerometers are devices commonly used to measure human physical activity and sedentary time. Accelerometer capabilities and analytical techniques have evolved rapidly, making it difficult for researchers to keep track of advances and best practices for data processing and analysis. The objective of this scoping review is to determine the existing methods for analyzing accelerometer data for capturing human movement which have been validated against the criterion measure of direct observation. Approach. This scoping review searched 14 academic and 5 grey databases. Two independent raters screened by title and abstract, then full text. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and checked by an independent reviewer. Main
results. The search yielded 1039 papers and the final analysis included 115 papers. A total of 71 unique accelerometer models were used across a total of 4217 participants. While all studies underwent validation from direct observation, most direct observation occurred live (55%) or using recordings (42%). Analysis techniques included machine learning (ML) approaches (22%), the use of existing cut-points (18%), receiver operating characteristic curves to determine cut-points (14%), and other strategies including regressions and non-ML algorithms (8%). Significance. ML techniques are becoming more prevalent and are often used for activity identification. Cut-point methods are still frequently used. Activity intensity is the most assessed activity outcome; however, both the analyses and outcomes assessed vary by wear location. This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of accelerometer analysis and validation techniques using direct observation and is a useful tool for researchers using accelerometers.
Excited Dirac stars with higher azimuthal harmonic index
Authors: Huang Long-Xing , Sun Shi-Xian , Zhang Rong , Liang Chen , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the properties of the first excited state Dirac stars (DSs) with higher azimuthal harmonic index (specifically, the azimuthal harmonic indexes mD
= 3/2, 5/2, 7/2), as well as the relationship between the ADM mass and angular momentum of Dirac stars with respect to frequency. Moreover, we find that the ergospheres of DSs appear at lower spinor field frequencies, and both the ergospheres and the distribution of the spinor field functions are asymmetric about the equatorial plane. Furthermore, we introduce the ground state scalar field and examine its impact on this system, which is known as the multi-state Dirac-boson stars (DBSs) model. We show various types of solution families for DBSs under both synchronized frequency ω and nonsynchronized frequencies and find that similar to DSs, the spinor field and the ergospheres of DBSs are also asymmetric about the equatorial plane, but the ergospheres appear at higher spinor field frequencies.
Interplay between magnetic gap and quasi-particle lifetime in topological insulator ferromagnet/f-wave superconductor junctions
Authors: Li Hong , Yang Xinjian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Using the modified Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk (BTK) theory, the interplay between the lifetime of quasi particles and the magnetic gap in a topological insulator-based ferromagnet/f-wave superconductor (TI-based FM/f–wave SC) tunnel structure is theoretically studied. Two symmetries of f
1 and f
2 waves are considered for superconducting pairing states. The results indicate that reducing the finite quasi-particle lifetime will induce a transformation of energy-gap peaks into a zero-bias peak in tunneling conductance spectrum, as well as a transformation of energy-gap dips into a zero-bias dip in shot noise spectrum, ultimately resulting in the smoothing of the zero-bias conductance peak and the zero-bias shot noise dip. An increase in magnetic gap will suppress the tunnel conductance and shot noise when the conventional Andreev retro-reflection dominates, but will enhance them when the specular Andreev reflection is dominant. Both specular Andreev reflection and conventional Andreev retro-reflection will be enhanced as the quasi-particle lifetime increases. When Fermi energy equals the magnetic gap, shot noise and tunneling conductance vanish across all energy ranges. These findings not only contribute to a better understanding of specular Andreev reflection in the FM/f–wave SC junction based on TIs but also provide insights for experimentally determining the f-wave pairing symmetry.
Quasi-three-dimensional hydrodynamics of the corona region of laser irradiation of a slab
Authors: Dong 董 Xiao-Mei 晓梅 , Guan 关 Ben-Jin 本金 , Li 李 Ying-Jun 英骏 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces and establishes a quasi-three-dimensional physical model of the interaction between a laser and a slab target. In contrast to previous one-dimensional analytical models, this paper innovatively fits the real laser conditions based on an isothermal, homogeneous expansion similarity solution of the ideal hydrodynamic equations. Using this simple model, the evolution law and analytical formulae for key parameters (e.g., temperature, density and scale length) in the corona region under certain conditions are given. The analytical solutions agree well with the relevant results of computational hydrodynamics simulation. For constant laser irradiation, the analytical solutions provide a meaningful power-law scaling relationship. The model provides a set of mathematical and physical tools that give theoretical support for adjusting parameters in experiments.
Feedback of Efficient Shock Acceleration on Magnetic-field Structure Inside Young Type Ia Supernova Remnants
Authors: Shen Jun-Yu , Bao Bi-Wen , Zhang Li 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Using an effective adiabatic index γ
eff to mimic the feedback of efficient shock acceleration, we simulate the temporal evolution of a young type Ia supernova remnant (SNR) with two different background magnetic field (BMF) topologies: a uniform and a turbulent BMF. The density distribution and magnetic-field characteristics of our benchmark SNR are studied with two-dimensional cylindrical magnetohydrodynamic simulations. When γ
eff is considered, we find that: (1) the two-shock structure shrinks and the downstream magnetic-field orientation is dominated by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability structures; (2) there exists more quasi-radial magnetic fields inside the shocked region; and (3) inside the intershock region, both the quasi-radial magnetic energy density and the total magnetic energy density are enhanced: in the radial direction, with γ
eff = 1.1, they are amplified about 10–26 times more than those with γ
eff = 5/3. While in the angular direction, the total magnetic energy densities could be amplified about 350 times more than those with γ
eff = 5/3, and there are more grid cells within the intershock region where the magnetic energy density is amplified by a factor greater than 100.
Semantic image sorting method for RSVP presentation
Authors: Wu Hao , Li Fu , Chu Wenlong , Li Yang , Niu Yi , Shi Guangming , Zhang Lijian , Chen Yuanfang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. The rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm, which is based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) technology, is an effective approach for object detection. It aims to detect the event-related potentials (ERP) components evoked by target images for rapid identification. However, the object detection performance within this paradigm is affected by the visual disparity between adjacent images in a sequence. Currently, there is no objective metric to quantify this visual difference. Consequently, a reliable image sorting method is required to ensure the generation of a smooth sequence for effective presentation. Approach. In this paper, we propose a novel semantic image sorting method for sorting RSVP sequences, which aims at generating sequences that are perceptually smoother in terms of the human visual experience. Main results. We conducted a comparative analysis between our method and two existing methods for generating RSVP sequences using both qualitative and quantitative assessments. A qualitative evaluation revealed that the sequences generated by our method were smoother in subjective vision and were more effective in evoking stronger ERP components than those generated by the other two methods. Quantitatively, our method generated semantically smoother sequences than the other two methods. Furthermore, we employed four advanced approaches to classify single-trial EEG signals evoked by each of the three methods. The classification results of the EEG signals evoked by our method were superior to those of the other two methods. Significance. In summary, the results indicate that the proposed method can significantly enhance the object detection performance in RSVP-based sequences.
Pseudomagnetic fields in fully relaxed twisted bilayer and trilayer graphene
Authors: Ceferino A , Guinea F 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present simple models to describe the in-plane and the out-of-plane lattice relaxation in twisted bilayer and symmetrically twisted trilayer graphene. Analytical results and series expansions show that for twist angles

θ
>

1.4

∘

, the in-plane atomic displacements lead to pseudomagnetic fields weakly dependent on θ. In symmetrically twisted trilayer graphene, the central layer in-plane relaxation is greatly enhanced. The joint effect of the relaxation-induced pseudoscalar potentials and the associated energy difference between interlayer dimer and non-dimer pairs resulted in a significant electron–hole asymmetry both in twisted bilayer and trilayer graphene.