bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct-Write Micro- and Nanostructuring with Femtosecond Lasers
Authors: Chichkov B. N. , Koch J. , Ovsianikov A. , Passinger S. , Reinhardt C. , Serbin J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOur recent progress in the direct-write femtosecond laser material processing technologies, nanostructuring, and fabrication of photonic devices is reviewed. Special attention is given to the sub-wavelength microstructuring of metals and two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique. Formation of microbumps and nanojets on thin metal films under single pulse laser irradiation is discussed. Microstructuring of different photosensitive materials by 2PP technique is demonstrated. Numerous applications of this technology for the fabrication of 3d structures, waveguides, photonic crystals, etc. are studied.
A Bunch of Excellent Properties for Applications of Diode Laser Pumped Solid-State Lasers
Authors: Kreutz E. W. , Poprawe R. , Loosen P. , Hoffmann D. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTDiode laser pumped solid-state lasers such as rod, disk or slab lasers are on the way to govern as new systems developed in the last years the applications of laser radiation for various applications in innovative technologies. The laser radiation is used either as a tool for materials processing or as a source for radiation generation beside of applications in life science, environment, medicine, analytics, and others. The state-of-the-art of diode laser pumped solid state lasers is described highlighting beam quality, efficiency, mean time between failure, and compactness in order to discuss new laser radiation governed processes aimed for rapid manufacturing by rapid prototyping via selective laser melting, surface cleaning, surface polishing, and generation of EUV radiation.
Producing ultrashort Terahertz to UV photons at high repetition rates for research into materials
Authors: Neil G. R. , Behre C. , Benson S. V. , Biallas G. , Boyce J. , Dillon-Townes L. A. , Douglas D. , Dylla H. F. , Evans R. , Grippo A. , Gruber D. , Gubeli J. , Hernandez-Garcia C. , Jordan K. , Kelley M. J. , Merminga L. , Mammosser J. , Nishimimori N. , Preble J. , Rimmer R. , Shinn M. , Siggins T. , Walker R. , Williams G. P. , Zhang S. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA new THz/IR/UV photon source at Jefferson Lab is the first of a new generation of light sources based on a Energy-Recovered, (superconducting) Linac (ERL). The machine has a 160 MeV electron beam and an average current of 10 mA in 75 MHz repetition rate hundred femtosecond bunches.These electron bunches pass through a magnetic chicane and therefore emit synchrotron radiation. For wavelengths longer than the electron bunch the electrons radiate coherently a broadband THz ∼ half cycle pulse whose average brightness is > 5 orders of magnitude higher than synchrotron IR sources. Previous measurements showed 20 W of average power extracted[1]. The new facility offers simultaneous synchrotron light from the visible through the FIR along with broadband THz production of 100 fs pulses with >200 W of average power (see G. P. Williams, this conference).The FELs also provide record-breaking laser power [2]: up to 10 kW of average power in the IR from 1 to 14 microns in 400 fs pulses at up to 74.85 MHz repetition rates and soon will produce similar pulses of 300–1000 nm light at up to 3 kW of average power from the UV FEL. These ultrashort pulses are ideal for maximizing the interaction with material surfaces. The optical beams are Gaussian with nearly perfect beam quality. See www.jlab.org/FEL for details of the operating characteristics; a wide variety of pulse train configurations are feasible from 10 microseconds long at high repetition rates to continuous operation.The THz and IR system has been commissioned. The UV system is to follow in 2005. The light is transported to user laboratories for basic and applied research. Additional lasers synchronized to the FEL are also available. Past activities have included production of carbon nanotubes, studies of vibrational relaxation of interstitial hydrogen in silicon, pulsed laser vapor deposition, nitriding of metals, and energy flow in proteins. This paper will present the status of the system and discuss some of the opportunities provided by this unique light source for modifying and studying materials.
High Power THz Generation from Sub-ps Bunches of Relativistic Electrons
Authors: Benson S. , Douglas D. R. , Dylla H. F. , Gubeli J. , Jordan K. , Neil G. R. , Shinn M. , Zhang S. , Williams G. P. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe describe a > 100 Watt broadband THz source that takes advantage of the relativistic enhancement of the radiation from accelerating electrons according to the formula assigned the name of Sir Joseph Larmor[1, 2]. This is in contrast to the typical 1 milliwatt sources available in a laboratory. Specifically, for relativistic electrons the emission is enhanced by the fourth power of the increase in mass. Thus for 100 MeV electrons, for which the mass increases by a factor of ∼ 200, the enhancement is > 109. The experiments use a new generation of light source called an energy recovery linac (ERL) [3], in which bunches of electrons circulate once, but in which their energy is recovered. In such a machine the electron bunches can be very much shorter than those, say, in storage rings or synchrotrons.The Jefferson Lab facility operates in new limits of emission from relativistic particles involving both multiparticle coherence and near-field emission in which the velocity (Coulomb) term in the classical electrodynamical theory becomes as important as the acceleration term (synchrotron radiation).The sub-picosecond pulses of light offer unique capabilities in 2 specific areas, namely time-resolved dynamics, and imaging. High resolution THz spectroscopy has recently revealed sharp vibrational modes for many materials including malignant tissue, proteins, DNA, pharmaceuticals and explosive materials. Energetically the THz range embraces superconducting bandgaps, and regions of intense interest in the understanding of systems in which correlated motions of electrons are important, such as colossal magneto-resistive and high-Tc materials. The very high power levels of the new source will allow non-linear effects to be observed as well as the creation of novel states of materials, including electric-field driven localization[4]. We will give examples of existing work in these areas and present opportunities afforded by the new source.
Three-Dimensional Micro- and Nanofabrication with Multiphoton Absorption
Authors: LaFratta Christopher N. , Farrer Richard A. , Baldacchini Tommaso , Znovena Juliet , Lim Daniel , Pons Anne-Cécile , Pons Josefina , O'Malley Kevin , Bayindir Zeynel , Naughton Michael J. , Saleh Bahaa E. A. , Teich Malvin C. , Fourkas John T. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTMultiphoton absorption has become a powerful technique for the creation of three-dimensional micro- and nanostructures. Here we review some of our recent progress towards creating functional microdevices with multiphoton absorption. Specific thrusts of our research include development of new resins for multiphoton absorption polymerization, design of novel schemes for metal deposition, and post-fabrication ablation of polymeric structures.
Morphological Manipulation and Plasticization of the Electrostatic Network in Perfluorosulfonate Ionomers
Authors: Phillips Alan K. , Moore Robert B. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe addition of small molecule fluorosurfactants to perfluorosulfonate ionomers has been found to have a profound effect on the morphology and mechanical properties of solution processed membranes. Perfluorooctane sulfonates neutralized with both alkali metal and alkylammonium counterions have been incorporated into solution processed Nafion® membranes. Sodium neutralized fluorosurfactants were found to crystallize during membrane casting leading to the formation of a surface layer of crystalline material.Tetramethylammonium neutralized surfactants behave in a similar fashion with crystallization of the surfactant occurring during casting. The use of large tetrabutylammonium counterions is found to prevent crystallization of the surfactant and create a highly plasticized membrane.
Three Decades of Social Science Research on High‐Level Nuclear Waste: Achievements and Future Challenges
Authors: Solomon Barry D. , Andrén Mats , Strandberg Urban 
Published: April 2011

AbstractResearch on high‐level nuclear waste management has focused on technical and scientific issues since the U.S. National Academy of Sciences first studied the problem in the mid‐1950s and recommended long‐term disposal in deep salt formations. In this review, we trace the development of the problem's definition and its associated research since socioeconomic, political, and policy issues were first given consideration and nuclear waste management became recognized as more than a technical problem. Three somewhat overlapping time periods can be identified. First, from the mid‐1970s to the early 1980s, initial research explored institutional dimensions of nuclear waste, among other subjects, while several countries attempted to officially solve the problem. The second period began in the early 1980s with a concerted effort to site nuclear waste repositories, and ended in the mid‐1990s with some progress in Sweden, Finland, and the United States, and general stalemate elsewhere. This period accelerated research on risk perception and stigma of nuclear waste, and elevated a focus on public trust. Special attention was given to repository siting conflicts in particular. The last period, since the mid‐1990s, has been characterized by failure and continuing political stalemate, with the major exception of Scandinavia, and increased attention to public participation, political systems, and international solutions. Questions of ethics have been given serious attention, while research on risk perceptions and siting conflicts continues. Thus, we see some signs of progress toward final disposal. We frame these periods in a broader context of the shifting role of applied social scientists. The paper concludes with a general discussion of this research area and prospects for future research.
“On the Uses and Disadvantages of History” for Radioactive Waste Management
Authors: Laes Erik , Schröder Jantine 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper we propose a critical investigation of the epistemological, ontological, and moral foundations for the legitimacy of the (internationally accepted) permanent geological disposal option for high‐level radioactive waste. We do so through a reading of Nietzsche's second untimely meditation, “On the uses and disadvantages of history for life.” In particular, we offer an interpretation of some of the central concepts in this text and Nietzsche's work in general—perspectivism, pluralism, active forgetting, etc.—and investigate the effects of the confrontation between these lines of thought and present practices in the management of medium‐ and high‐level long‐lived radioactive waste (categories B and C). Furthermore, we argue that this untimely meditation comes at a timely moment, i.e., at a time when modernity's way of dealing with waste could be undergoing a major transformation. The paper ends with some preliminary reflections on our nuclear inheritance and its link with nuclear power of the future (GenIV).
The influence of hygienisation of sewage sludge on the process of pyrolysis
Authors: Čížková Adéla , Juchelková Dagmar , Raclavská Helena 
Published: April 2011

The influence of hygienisation of sewage sludge on the process of pyrolysis
The aim of this work was to determine the influence of liming on the process of pyrolysis. Three samples of sludge from two wastewater treatment plants were selected for this study on pyrolysis: sludge without liming and limed sludge from the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ostrava and sludge from the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Sviadnov. The samples had different content of calcite (CaCO3). The limed sludge contained 7% of CaCO3, sludge without liming 3.8% and sludge without liming from WWTP Sviadnov contained 0.5% of calcite. The results of laboratory pyrolysis proved that limed sludge released the maximum amount of carbon - 55.46 %, while sludge without liming from WWTP Sviadnov released only 48.92%. Calcite produces during its decomposition CaO and the product influences the pyrolysis process because it supports cracking of volatile organic compounds
Relationship between Plasma Glucose Levels and Malignant Uterine Cervical Neoplasias
Authors: Nomelini Rosekeila Simõtes , Neto Adriano Souza Lima , Capuci Kalebe Alexandre , Murta Beatriz Martins Tavares , Murta Eddie Fernando Candido 
Published: April 2011

Background There is a direct correlation between glycemic load and the risk of developing many malignant neoplasms. Aims The aim of this study was to determine the plasma glucose levels in women with cervical cancer. Methods The study included 177 women with anatomopathologically diagnosed uterine cervical cancer (stages 0–IV) treated between 1980 and 2008 at the Gynecology and Obstetrics outpatient service of the UFTM, Brazil. The plasma glucose levels of all patients were assayed at the time of diagnosis and correlated with tumor staging. Results We statistically compared the plasma glucose levels of group 1 (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2–3), group 2 (stage I–II), group 3 (stage III–IV), and group 4 (control group: leiomyomas). Patient groups with poor prognosis (groups 2 and 3) showed significantly higher plasma glucose levels ( P < 0.05) than those with less aggressive lesions (group 1). Plasma glucose levels were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 4 ( P < 0.05). The comparison of number of patients with plasma glucose level >90 mg/dl showed CIN versus I/II: P = 0.0753; OR = 2.018; (95% CI: 0.9236 to 4.410) and CIN versus III/IV: P = 0.0975; OR = 2.400; (95% CI: 0.8335 to 6.911). Conclusion We observed an association between high plasma glucose levels and cervical cancer cases with poor prognoses. Plasma glucose tests should be routinely used as additional prognostic parameters in patients with cervical neoplasias.
Oral Health Practices and Oral Cancer Knowledge Attitudes and Behaviors among College Students
Authors: Shanmugavel Aarthi , Shive Steven E 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study examines the knowledge about the risk factors and symptoms of oral cancer, attitudes toward oral cancer and associated behaviors of college students using constructs of the Health Belief Model and the predictors of oral screening of college students.

Participants
College of Health Science students (N = 300) at a State university located in the Northeastern US were surveyed.

Methods
A 25-item questionnaire was administered during the Fall 2009 semester, which measured knowledge and behaviors related to oral cancer risk factors.

Results
Participants perceived their oral health to be good (63.6%), were unaware of dental diseases (95.5%), visited a dentist (60.5%), had a dental visit (62.2%) within the last 6 months, and scheduled one (66.3%) in the next 6 months. There was a significant correlation between the behavior of use of tobacco and the perceived susceptibility to oral cancer (t = 8.10, p < 0.05) and perceived severity (t = 2.22, p < 0.05) if a person got oral cancer. There were no significant variables which predicted oral cancer screening. Having a dental visit best predicted the scheduling of a future dental visit.

Conclusions
Findings from this study may further assist in future health education and dental screening programs for this population group across the US.
Ranibizumab in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (RAP): Influence of RAP Stage on Visual Outcome
Authors: Reche-Frutos Juan , Calvo-Gonzalez Cristina , Pérez-Trigo Silvia , Fernandez-Perez Cristina , Donate-Lopez Juan , Garcia-Feijoo Julian 
Published: April 2011

Purpose. To evaluate the influence of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) stage on visual and anatomic outcome after ranibizumab (Lucentis®). Methods. This was a prospective study on consecutively diagnosed RAP eyes at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are performed monthly. Indocyanine green angiography (ICG) and fluorescein angiography (FA) are performed at baseline and every 3 months thereafter. A starting dose of a monthly ranibizumab injection in the first 3 months is followed by retreatment in case of intraretinal edema, subretinal fluid, or pigment epithelium detachment (PED) in OCT, increased leakage in FA, or a hot spot in ICG. Results. A total of 53 eyes from 49 patients were included. The mean change in BCVA at 12 months was +7.3, +0.83, and −2.1 letters in stages IIA (21 cases), Il B (18 cases), and III (14 cases), respectively. After adjusting the change in BCVA according to baseline BCVA, β coefficient was −6.012 letters (p=0.025) in stage IIB and −9.762 letters (p=0.003) in stage III vs stage IIA. Four cases had a retinal pigment epithelium tear after injection of ranibizumab. Conclusions. Patients in stage II without PED have a better visual and anatomic evolution than patients in stage II with PED and stage III.
Improved Tank in Series Reactor Model for Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks
Authors: Danilov V. A. , Vijay P. , Tade M. O. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn improved tank in series reactor model for the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack is presented. The model accounts for the charge balances in the electrodes and electrolyte in addition to the component and energy balances, and is used to simulate the potentiostatic operation of the stack. Moreover, the time required for simulating this model is much less compared to the more elaborate three‐dimensional models in the literature. The results demonstrate a strong coupling between the temperature, concentration and current density distributions.
Determination of the Mechanical Variation in Stress of Transient Adsorption Plants
Authors: Steinbach Hendrik , Ferstl Johann , Platzer Bernd 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn stark gekoppelten Adsorberstationen herrscht während des Betriebs ein instationärer Prozess durch den kontinuierlichen Wechsel zwischen Adsorption und Desorption. Aufgrund des konträren Verhaltens werden zeitlich variierende mechanische Spannungen in den Bauteilen erzeugt und wieder abgebaut. Es wird eine Vorgehensweise vorgestellt, um die Spannungsverläufe an den kritischen Stellen mit ausreichender Näherung zu bestimmen und dabei den Rechenaufwand stark zu minimieren. Aufgrund der genaueren Erkenntnisse über Schwingbreite und Lastzyklen ist es zusätzlich möglich, die Komponenten einer Adsorptionsanlage bezüglich Schädigung nach der Methode von Miner und Palmgren qualitativ besser zu bewerten. Die neue Beurteilung geht konform mit dem ASME‐Code oder dem AD‐Regelwerk.
An early collision warning algorithm for vehicles based on V2V communication
Authors: Huang Chung‐Ming , Lin Shih‐Yang 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe WAVE (IEEE 1609) standard and vehicular technology create a new opportunity for telematics service. Safety is one of the top issues of telematics service. In this paper, we propose a proactive safety method that can alert drivers before the accident occurs using WAVE. An algorithm named Early Collision Warning Algorithm (ECWA) was proposed in this paper. In ECWA, vehicles broadcast Relationship Information (RI) to neighboring vehicles periodically. Each vehicle calculates whether potential collisions may happen or not upon receiving RI messages. After calculation, ECWA sends warning messages to drivers if the collision will occur. ECWA allows drivers to set the warning level and warning distance by themselves. In our simulation, not only vehicles's collisions at an intersection were simulated but also the GPS error range was considered in our design. The results show that ECWA has good performance and can always alert drivers suitably if the GPS error range was small. Even though the GPS error range is large, ECWA also can enhance the hit rate of warning messages. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary mammary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: Cytological and histological findings
Authors: Sentani Kazuhiro , Tashiro Takashi , Uraoka Naohiro , Aosaki Yoriyuki , Yano Satomi , Takaeko Fumio , Yasui Wataru 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA), commonly encountered in the ovary or pancreas, is rare in the breast and was only recently described as a distinct variant of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Only 11 cases of primary mammary MCA have been reported. In this article, we report a case of primary mammary MCA with focus on cytological and histological findings. A 65‐year‐old female noticed right palpable breast mass. Sonography showed an irregularly shaped 2.8 × 2.4 cm lesion in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology was performed on the right breast nodule, and cytopathologic examination suggested an adenocarcinoma composed of tall columnar cells with mucin. A partial mastectomy of the right breast and the axillary lymph nodes dissection was performed. The gross examination revealed a well‐demarcated and mucus‐filled tumor. Histologically, it had complex papillae, some of which were supported by delicate fibrovascular stroma lined by simple to slightly stratified columnar neoplastic epithelial cells with intracellular mucin, coexisting with MCA in situ and ordinary intraductal carcinoma component (ICC). Immunohistochemically, ICC was HER2‐negative and estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor‐positive, while MCA was triple negative. MCA might be derived from a metaplasia of ordinary ICC, but its pathogenesis and biologic behavior remains unclear. Despite the invasive nature of mammary MCA, these carcinomas appear to be associated with a good prognosis. The patient has remained well and disease‐free for 6 months after the operation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intramembrane Complex Formation Study of Ion Selective Electrodes Based on Heptyl p‐Trifluoroacetylbenzoic Ether
Authors: Nazarov V. A. , Andronchik K. A. , Egorov V. V. , Matulis Vadim E. , Ivashkevich O. A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntramembrane complex formation processes of heptyl p‐trifluoroacetylbenzoic ether with series of anions have been studied using reference ion technique. The influence of the ion exchanger nature and the ability of the anion to form intramolecular hydrogen bond on the values of formal complex formation constants have been elucidated. Theoretical studies of methyl p‐trifluoroacetylbenzoic ether interactions with acetate and bromide taken as model substances were carried out using density functional theory B3LYP method.
General presentation of the viscoplasticity models: existence and uniqueness
Authors: Pompe Waldemar 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a formulation of the viscoplasticity problems, which covers many models comming from the viscoplasticity theory. We announce existence and (under some additional assumptions) uniqueness of this general problem. This confirms the well‐possedness of our abstract formulation (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mathematical analysis of a thermomechanical milling process
Authors: Chełmiński Krzysztof , Hömberg Dietmar , Rott Oliver 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article deals with a mathematical model describing the interaction between a cutting machine and workpiece in a milling process. The model consists of a system of ordinary differential equations with delay for the dynamics of the cutter and a linear thermoelastic system for the workpiece. Using Galerkin approximation method it is proved that the presented model admits a unique weak solution (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)