bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is It Possible to Characterize Recurrent Urinary Stone Formers Who Benefit from Thiazide Prophylaxis?
Authors: LØRUM EVEN , LARSEN STIG 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Laerum E, Larsen S (Institute of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, and MEDSTAT, Center for Administration Design and Statistical Analysis in Medical Research, Strømmen, Norway). Is it possible to characterize recurrent urinary stone formers who benefit from thiazide prophylaxis? Application of discrimination analysis. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221: 103–8.Twenty‐three patients with recurrent urinary stones have been treated for 12–54 months with hydrochlorthiazide and 25 with placebo. Discrimination analysis was performed in order to distinguish patients with new stone formation (non‐responders) from those without stone recurrence (responders) during the treatment. The discriminant function classified 16 out of 18 responders as such and 5 non‐responders as such by using a combination of the three intital varibles urinary pH, 24‐h urine volume and serum phosphate. Eighteen other analysed variables and patient factors did not contribute to this discrimination. By using “leaving‐one‐out‐technique”, the probability for erroneously classifying a patient increased from 9 to 17%. Applying the discriminant function on the group receiving placebo, 92% of these patients were classified as responders to thiazide. It is concluded that discrimination analysis may give valuable information in charcterizing patients who will benefit from a special therapy.
The Adherence of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes to an Albumin‐coated Glass Surface
Authors: DAHLGREN CLAES , NORBERG BO , ERIKSSON STURE 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.Dahlgren C, Norberg B, Eriksson S (Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital, Linköping, and Departments of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden). The adherence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to an albumin‐coated glass surface. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:109–13.The Catharantus derivatives are microtubule antagonists employed in immunosuppression and chemotherapy of neoplasms. The role of cytoplasmic microtubules in polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) adherence was studied by means of therapeutic concentrations of the Catharantus derivatives vincristine, vinblastine and vindesine. PMN adherence was measured as retention on an albumin‐coated glass surface. PMN adherence was reduced by 4–54% by the Catharantus derivatives, as compared with control values. The suppression of adherence was statistically significant. Since the Catharantus derivatives are microtubule antagonists, it is reasonable to assume that PMN adherence is a partially microtubule‐dependent process. It is suggested that reduction of PMN adherence could account for at least Dart of the immunosuppressive properties of the Catharantus derivatives.
α1Antitrypsin Deficiency and Liver Cirrhosis in Adults
Authors: ERIKSSON STEN 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Eriksson S. (Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.) α1‐Antitrypsin deficiency and liver cirrhosis in adults. An analysis of 35 Swedish autopsied cases. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:461–7.α1‐Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency in adults predisposes to lung and liver disease, but its natural history is incompletely known. To better characterize the liver disease, all known deceased adult Swedish patients known to us with homozygous (PiZZ) AAT‐deficiency, who had undergone autopsy during the 20‐year period 1963–82 were reviewed. Of 94 such patients, 35 had cirrhosis (27 males and eight females) with a mean age at death of 65.5± 10.5 (SD) years compared to 53.6± 12.8 years (p<0.01) for the 59 non‐cirrhotic patients. The longer survival suggests less severe lung disease in the cirrhotic group. Clinically these patients most frequently presented with ascites or other signs of portal hypertension. Evidence of alcohol overconsumption, chronic viral hepatitis, or autoimmune disease was rare. Aside from low plasma AAT levels, laboratory and other clinical features were indistinguishable from those of decompensated cirrhosis of any etiology. The prognosis was generally grave with a mean survival of two years after diagnosis. Fourteen of the 35 cirrhotics (10 males and four females) had primary liver cancer (PLC) at autopsy. We conclude that cirrhosis and PLC are more frequent complications in elderly patients with AAT‐deficiency than was previously known. These complications had a marked male predominance.
Is CT scan a valid indicator of brain atrophy in alcoholism?
Authors: Cala Lesley A 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effect of ingesting varying quantities of alcohol upon the structure and function of the brain was studied using CT scan and psychometric testing. Nutritional status was also assessed. Alcoholics, heavy, moderate and light social drinkers were examined and their results compared with a normal control series. It was concluded that a daily consumption of more than 40 grams alcohol per day, “the safe level” results in brain damage. The latter may partially reverse with abstinence and having reversed maintain improvement, even though patients then resume drinking at the “safe level”. The role of thiamin in brain function is still unclear.
Myocardial Infarction Register in MONICA‐Czechoslovakia Centre
Authors: ŠKODOVÁ Z. , PÍŠA Z. , BERKA L. , CÍCHA Z. , ČEŘOVSKÁ J. , EMROVÁ R. , HEJL Z. , HRDLIČKOVÁ K. , HOKE M. , PIKHARTOVÁ J. , SKALKA P. , VOJTÍŠEK P. , VORLÍČEK J. , WIESNER E. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. In 1984, 802 coronary events (age 25–64) were registered in six MONICA areas in Czechoslovakia.According to the MONICA study criteria, 63 % of these coronary events in males and 51 % in females were confirmed as definite myocardial infarction (MI), 26 % of events in both males and females as possible MI, 5 % of events in males and females were fatal cases with insufficient data, and 6 % of events in males and 18 % in females were not confirmed as MI (MONICA diagnostic category = 4).Age‐standardized annual attack rates of MI per 100,000 population (age 35–64) were 510.4 for males and 99.3 for females.Age‐standardized annual incidence rates (first ever MI) per 100,000 population (age 35–64) were 387.4 for males and 89.7 for females.28‐day case fatality was 33.3 % in males and 31.5 % in females.Of all deaths occurring within 28 days, 75.8 % in males and 69.2 % in females occurred during the first 24 hours.Of all coronary deaths, 38.5 % of males and 64.1 % of females died in hospital or other institution.
Epidemiology and Long‐term Survival in Acromegaly: A Study of 166 Cases Diagnosed between 1955 and 1984
Authors: BENGTSSON BENGT‐ÅKE , EDÉN STAFFAN , ERNEST INGRID , ODÉN ANDERS , SJÖGREN BJÖRN 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.In 1985, a follow‐up investigation was performed of all patients with acromegaly (n = 166, 89 women and 77 men) seen over a 30‐year period (1955–1984) at our Endocrine Unit, referral centre for the western region of Sweden (population 1.5 million). At the end of 1984, the prevalence of the disease was 6.9 per 105 inhabitants, the average incidence per year was 3.3 per million people. Mean age at diagnosis was 46.3 years and at death (n=62) 64.1 years. About one‐third of the patients (50/153), in whom it had been possible to estimate the total duration of the disease, had survived for more than 25 years. Mortality was, however, increased compared to the normal population. The observed number of deaths from vascular and malignant disorders was 32 and 15, respectively, compared to the expected numbers 9.0 (p<0.001) and 5.6 (p<0.01).
Effects of a Dietary Fibre Supplement to a Weight Reduction Programme on Blood Pressure: A Randomized, Double‐blind, Placebo‐controlled Study
Authors: RÖSSNER STEPHAN , ANDERSSON INGA‐LENA , RYTTIG KJELD 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.Sixty‐two moderately obese (body mass index=34.8), but normotensive females were treated with a balanced hypocaloric diet providing 1600 kcal/day and either a 6.5 g dietary fibre supplement or placebo in a randomized, double‐blind, parallel group design. During a 12‐week treatment programme, weight loss was similar in both groups (4.1 and 4.4 kg, respectively). Initially the blood pressure was 123/76 mmHg in the fibre group compared with 124/74 mmHg in the placebo group (p>0.05). In the fibre‐treated group a significant fall in diastolic blood pressure by 4 mmHg was found (p<0.05). No significant change was seen in the placebo group. It is suggested that dietary fibre may affect blood pressure independently of weight change.
The Long‐term Effect of Alprenolol on Plasma Apolipoproteins A‐I and B
Authors: GERDES LARS ULRIK , JÜRGENSEN HANS JESSEN , GROOT PIETER H. E. , FÆRGEMAN OLE 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.The concentration of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A‐I and B was measured in the plasma of 33 patients, enrolled in a double‐blind, controlled trial of alprenolol in myocardial infarction, after one year on the study medication and again after 6 months off the medication. Sixteen patients received 200 mg alprenolol twice daily and 17 received placebo. There were no statistically significant differences between the parameters in the two groups after one year on medication. However, when medication was stopped, the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A‐I fell by 9% in the alprenolol group and increased by 2% in the placebo group. This difference was statistically significant. Our results suggest that alprenolol, a β‐blocker with weak intrinsic sympathomimetic effect, has slight effects on plasma lipoproteins. These effects were apparent only by measurements of apolipoproteins.
Analgesic Treatment in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Double‐blind Comparison of Ketobemidone + the Spasmolytic A29 (Ketogan®) and Morphine
Authors: WOLFF TOMAS , LEWARD SUNE , HAGMAN ANDERS , ANDERSSON MATS , LARSSON LEONARD , ELGEN KJELL 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.The analgesic effect of ketobemidone hydrochloride + the spasmolytic component A29 (Ketogan®) and morphine hydrochloride was compared double‐blindly in patients with suspect acute myocardial infarction. The test drugs were administered i.v. in an initial dose of 0.5 ml (2.5 mg Ketogan, 5 mg morphine) followed, if necessary, by additional injections of 0.25 ml. Altogether, 309 patients participated in the trial. The total comsumption of the test drugs showed that 5 mg Ketogan was equipotent with 10 mg of morphine. Treatment with Ketogan resulted in a significantly higher proportion of patients who were completely free of pain 15 and 30 min after the initial injection: 16% and 15% more, respectively, compared to morphine. Within 2 hours after the initial injection, approximately 15% of the patients in both treatment groups had reported nausea and about 7 % had vomited (patients who vomited or were nauseated before treatment were not included in this analysis). The frequency of other side‐effects was low, with no differences between the two treatment groups. Morphine caused a greater reduction of the systolic blood pressure than Ketogan. The effect of both drugs on pulse rate and respiration was the same.
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Newly Diagnosed Ketotic Type I (Insulin‐dependent) Diabetics
Authors: KRARUP THURE , MADSBAD STEN , MOODY ALISTER J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.Plasma concentrations of 5000 daltons (5 kDa) immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR‐GIP) were measured before and up to 16 hours after the start of low‐dose insulin treatment in newly diagnosed ketotic type I (insulin‐dependent) diabetics. Nine patients were non‐fasting. Before insulin treatment mean IR‐GIP was 31 ±6 pmol/l (range 9–65 pmol/l). Four patients had IR‐GIP concentrations in the normal fasting range (10–25 pmol/l), and nine patients had concentrations below 35 pmol/l. The remaining patients had IR‐GIP concentrations in the normal postprandial range. A meal eaten after the start of insulin treatment caused an increase in IR‐GIP in all patients. All patients had β‐cell function as estimated by plasma C‐peptide. Individual changes in C‐peptide were significantly correlated to changes in blood glucose both after the meal (r=0.80, p<0.01) and during insulin treatment (r=0.85±0.04). No correlation could be found between IR‐GIP and blood glucose, C‐peptide or insulin concentrations. Newly diagnosed ketotic type I diabetics have IR‐GIP concentrations within the normal postprandial level. Hypoinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, and hyperketonaemia do not by themselves increase 5 kDa IR‐GIP markedly above normal fasting levels.
Unusual Manifestation of Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: BANK ANDERS , CHRISTENSEN CLAUS 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.An unusual manifestation of the disease Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LHC) is presented. An 18‐year‐old man was admitted to the Department of Dermatology after he had been suffering for some time from affections of the skin in the scalp and perianal region which were resistant to treatment. Shortly after LHC was diagnosed, he developed spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax. In his past life he had been without cardiopulmonary complaints. In addition to this, he developed a diabetes insipidus, originating in connexion with the present disease. The combination of skin affection in the perianal region, spontaneous bilateral pneumothorax and diabetes insipidus in relation to LHC has not been described previously.
Visceral Leishmaniasis Complicating Polycythemia Vera
Authors: HELLGREN URBAN , LERNER RICHARD , PALMBLAD JAN 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. A case of visceral leishmaniasis is presented, where a pre‐existing polycythemia vera obscured signs of the infection.Visceral leishmaniasis is a life‐threatening but curable protozoan infection of the reticuloendothelial system. We wish to report a case where symptoms and signs were obscured by a preexisting hematologic disease, polycythemia vera.
The purge of genetic load through restricted panmixia in a Drosophila experiment
Authors: Ávila V. , Amador C. , García-Dorado A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Using Drosophila melanogaster, we explore the consequences of restricted panmixia (RP) on the genetic load caused by segregating deleterious recessive alleles in a population where females mate a full sib with probability about ½ and mate randomly otherwise. We find that this breeding structure purges roughly half the load concealed in heterozygous condition. Furthermore, fitness did not increase after panmixia was restored, implying that, during RP, the excess of expressed load induced by inbreeding had also been efficiently purged. We find evidences for adaptation to laboratory conditions and to specific selective pressures imposed by the RP protocol. We discuss some of the consequences of these results, both for the evolution of population breeding structures and for the design of conservation programmes.
Pollinator‐mediated selection in a specialized pollination system: matches and mismatches across populations
Authors: NATTERO J. , COCUCCI A. A. , MEDEL R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMost studies on pollinator‐mediated selection have been performed in generalized rather than specialized pollination systems. This situation has impeded evaluation of the extent to which selection acts on attraction or specialized key floral traits involved in the plant‐pollinator phenotypic interphase. We studied pollinator‐mediated selection in four populations ofNierembergia linariifolia, a self‐incompatible and oil‐secreting plant pollinated exclusively by oil‐collecting bees. We evaluated whether floral traits experience variable selection among populations and whether attraction and fit traits are heterogeneously selected across populations. Populations differed in every flower trait and selection was consistently observed for corolla size and flower shape, two traits involved in the first steps of the pollination process. However, we found no selection acting on mechanical‐fit traits. The observation that selection occurred upon attraction rather than mechanical‐fit traits, suggests that plants are not currently evolving fine‐tuned morphological adaptations to local pollinators and that phenotypic matching is not necessarily an expected outcome in this specialized pollination system.
Female Cape sugarbirds (Promerops cafer) modify egg investment both for extra‐pair mates and for male tail length
Authors: McFARLANE M. L. , CHERRY M. I. , EVANS M. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe differential allocation hypothesis predicts that females should invest more in reproduction when paired with attractive males. We measured egg volume in Cape sugarbirds (Promerops cafer), a sexually dimorphic passerine, in relation to paternity of the offspring and in response to an experimental tail length treatment. We manipulated tail length, after pair formation, but before egg laying: males had their tails either shortened or left unmanipulated. Our manipulation was designed to affect female allocation in a particular breeding attempt rather than long‐term mate choice: males with shortened tails would appear to be signalling at a lower level than they should given their quality. We found that egg volume was smaller in the nests of males with experimentally shortened tails but larger when the offspring were the result of extra‐pair matings. Both these findings are consistent with the differential allocation hypothesis. We suggest that tail length may be used by females as a cue for mate quality, eliciting reduced female investment when breeding with social mates; and with males with shortened tails.
The octahaem SirA catalyses dissimilatory sulfite reduction in Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1
Authors: Shirodkar Sheetal , Reed Samantha , Romine Margie , Saffarini Daad 
Published: August 2010

Summary Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 is a metal reducer that uses a large number of electron acceptors including thiosulfate, polysulfide and sulfite. The enzyme required for thiosulfate and polysulfide respiration has been recently identified, but the mechanisms of sulfite reduction remained unexplored. Analysis of MR‐1 cultures grown anaerobically with sulfite suggested that the dissimilatory sulfite reductase catalyses six‐electron reduction of sulfite to sulfide. Reduction of sulfite required menaquinones but was independent of the intermediate electron carrier CymA. Furthermore, the terminal sulfite reductase, SirA, was identified as an octahaem c cytochrome with an atypical haem binding site. The sulfite reductase of S. oneidensis MR‐1 does not appear to be a sirohaem enzyme, but represents a new class of sulfite reductases. The gene that encodes SirA is located within a 10‐gene locus that is predicted to encode a component of a specialized haem lyase, a menaquinone oxidase and copper transport proteins. This locus was identified in the genomes of several Shewanella species and appears to be linked to the ability of these organisms to reduce sulfite under anaerobic conditions.
Time‐series analyses of Monterey Bay coastal microbial picoplankton using a ‘genome proxy’ microarray
Authors: Rich Virginia I. , Pham Vinh D. , Eppley John , Shi Yanmei , DeLong Edward F. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTo investigate the temporal, spatial and phylogenetic resolution of marine microbial community structure and variability, we designed and expanded a genome proxy array (an oligonucleotide microarray targeting marine microbial genome fragments and genomes), evaluated it against metagenomic sequencing, and applied it to time‐series samples from the Monterey Bay. The expanded array targeted 268 microbial genotypes across much of the known diversity of cultured and uncultured marine microbes. The target abundances measured by the array were highly correlated to pyrosequence‐based abundances (linear regression R2 = 0.85–0.91, P < 0.0001). Fifty‐seven samples from ∼4 years in Monterey Bay were examined with the array, spanning the photic zone (0 m), the base of the surface mixed layer (30 m) and the subphotic zone (200 m). A significant portion of the expanded genome proxy array's targets showed signal (95 out of 268 targets present in ≥ 1 sample). The multi‐year community survey showed the consistent presence of a core group of common and abundant targeted taxa at each depth in Monterey Bay, higher variability among shallow than deep samples, and episodic occurrences of more transient marine genotypes. The abundance of the most dominant genotypes peaked after strong episodic upwelling events. The genome‐proxy array's ability to track populations of closely related genotypes indicated population shifts within several abundant target taxa, with specific populations in some cases clustering by depth or oceanographic season. Although 51 cultivated organisms were targeted (representing 19% of the array) the majority of targets detected and of total target signal (85% and ∼92% respectively) were from uncultivated genotypes, often those derived from Monterey Bay. The array provided a relatively cost‐effective approach (∼$15 per array) for surveying the natural history of uncultivated lineages.
Two‐year predictive validity of conduct disorder subtypes in early adolescence: a latent class analysis of a Canadian longitudinal sample
Authors: Lacourse Eric , Baillargeon Raymond , Dupéré Véronique , Vitaro Frank , Romano Elisa , Tremblay Richard 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Investigating the latent structure of conduct disorder (CD) can help clarify how symptoms related to aggression, property destruction, theft, and serious violations of rules cluster in individuals with this disorder. Discovering homogeneous subtypes can be useful for etiologic, treatment, and prevention purposes depending on the qualitative or quantitative nature of the symptomatology. The aim of the present study is twofold: identify subtypes of CD in young adolescents based on latent class analysis (LCA) and investigate the two‐year predictive validity of CD subtypes on deviant and criminal lifestyles.Methods:  Adolescent‐reported CD symptoms were collected using the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Three cohorts of 12–13‐year‐olds were assessed during 1994–1995, 1996–1997, and 1998–1999 (N = 4,125).Results:  Latent class analyses yielded 4 distinct subtypes: No CD (82.4%); Non‐Aggressive CD (‘NACD’, 13.9%); Physically Aggressive CD (‘PACD’, 2.3%); and Severe‐Mixed CD (‘SMCD’, 1.4%). Predictive validity at age 14–15 was non‐specific, although the SMCD type had, by far, the highest odds of deviant and criminal lifestyle outcomes in comparison to youth with PACD or NACD. NACD and PACD had similar odds of deviant outcomes, even if most NACD youth were subthreshold CD (fewer than three symptoms).Conclusion:  In early adolescence, CD is qualitatively and quantitatively heterogeneous, suggesting multiple developmental pathways. However, they appear to predict similarly violent and non‐violent outcomes.
Anxious attachment style and salivary cortisol dysregulation in healthy female children and adolescents
Authors: Oskis Andrea , Loveday Catherine , Hucklebridge Frank , Thorn Lisa , Clow Angela 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Attachment style has been linked with basal cortisol secretion in healthy adult women. We investigated whether dysregulation in basal cortisol secretion may be evident in younger healthy females.Methods:  Sixty healthy females aged 9–18 years (mean 14.16, SD ± 2.63 years) participated in the Attachment Style Interview (ASI). Eight saliva samples, synchronised to awakening, were collected per day on two consecutive weekdays to examine the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and the subsequent diurnal decline.Results:  Participants exhibiting an anxious attachment style had higher cortisol levels on awakening, in contrast to those who were securely attached. The anxious insecure group also showed an attenuated CAR compared to all other participants. Attachment style groups did not differ in cortisol secretion over the remainder of the day.Conclusions:  These findings indicate that the same pattern of cortisol dysregulation associated with disorder in adulthood manifests as a function of anxious (but not avoidant) insecure attachment style in females during healthy childhood and adolescence.