bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Facial Trauma in the Amish: A Study of a Unique Patient Population
Authors: Sciscent Bao Y. , Eberly Hanel W. , King Tonya S. , Bavier Richard , Lighthall Jessyka G. 
Published: June 2024

Study Design Retrospective Chart Review. Objective The lifestyle of the Amish exposes them to unique mechanisms of injury, making them an important patient population from a facial trauma standpoint. This study analyzes the demographic and clinical risk factors of facial trauma in the Amish. Methods This retrospective chart review identified all Amish patients presenting with facial trauma at a single institution between 2013-2023. Results There were 87 Amish facial trauma patients. The median age was 9 years old, and 67.8% were male. Most injuries occurred on the road (41.4%), farm (28.7%), or at home (25.3%). The most frequent mechanisms were buggies (27.6%), falls (26.4%), and animals (18.4%). Fifty-eight patients sustained facial fractures, with orbital (n = 40), maxillary (n = 25), and nasal (n = 19) fractures being the most prevalent. The most common cause of facial fractures was buggy injuries (n = 17). Facial reconstruction was performed in 54.2% of buggy injuries, 31.3% of animal injuries, and 8.7% of falls. Patients with buggy injuries presented with the lowest Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores (median 13.5) and had the longest inpatient hospital stay (median 3 days). Conclusions Increased injury prevention efforts, especially towards buggy injuries, are necessary.
Anticholinergic burden among in-patients: a cross-sectional study on prevalence, determinants, and impact on mortality in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebreyohannes Eyob Alemayehu , Taye Wagaye Atalay , Shibe Biniam Siyum , Ayele Emneteab Mesfin , Lee Kenneth , Mengistu Segenet Bizuneh , Soiza Roy Louis , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Abdela Ousman Abubeker 
Published: June 2024

Background: Numerous studies report that anticholinergic burden (ACB) has been linked with several health consequences, including increased hospital admissions, prolonged hospitalization, and physical and cognitive impairment. However, low- and middle-income settings, as well as younger individuals, are underrepresented. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and determinants of ACB, and to assess the impact of ACB on in-hospital mortality among adult in-patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UOGCSH). Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2022 at UOGCSH among adult in-patients. Methods: A pre-tested questionnaire was utilized to collect data from patients and their corresponding medical charts. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select the participants. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Chi-squared, Fisher’s exact, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests, as appropriate, were used to determine associations between independent variables and ACB. Kaplan–Meier survival curve and Cox proportional hazards regression test were used to assess the impact of ACB on in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 420 adult in-patients, median (interquartile range) age of 38 (26, 55) years, participated in this study. Over half (58.3%) were exposed to anticholinergic medicines, with a high ACB (⩾3) seen in 11.2% of participants. High ACB was associated with higher median number of medicines per patient ( p = 0.003) higher median hospital length of stay ( p = 0.033), and having mental and behavioral disorders ( p < 0.001). No significant association was found between ACB and in-hospital mortality (log-rank test p = 0.26, Cox regression adjusted hazard ratio: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.335–6.453, p = 0.61). Conclusion: Among adult in-patients, a significant majority (58.3%) were subjected to medications possessing anticholinergic properties, with a noteworthy 11.2% of the study subjects exhibiting a high ACB. Participants with higher median length of hospital stay were more likely to have high ACB even in this relatively younger adult patient population.
Effectiveness of oral antibiotics in managing extended-spectrum B-lactamase urinary tract infections: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Almohareb Sumaya N , Aldairem Atheer , Alsuhebany Nada , Alshaya Omar A , Aljatli Dimah , Alnemer Hesah , Almutairi Khlood , Aljammaz Norah , Alowais Shuroug A 
Published: June 2024

Background: Urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase organisms pose a significant concern worldwide. Given the escalating prevalence of drug resistance and the limited data on the effectiveness of oral antibiotics in treating these infections, this study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes in adult patients with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase urinary tract infections treated with oral antibiotics. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia, from January 2018 to December 2021. It included patients ⩾18 years with complicated or uncomplicated urinary tract infections from extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Enterobacterales and treated with oral antibiotics as step-down or mainstay therapy. All-cause clinical failure within 30 days post-discharge was evaluated as the efficacy outcome. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results: Out of 643 screened patients, 152 patients met the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into oral step-down therapy (51.3%) and oral-only (48.7%) groups. The majority (69.1%) were females, with a mean age of 62 years. Complicated urinary tract infections were diagnosed in (75.5%) of cases, and the predominant pathogen was E. coli (79.6%). Clinical failure was observed in 23.1% in the oral step-down group and 13.5% in the oral-only group, with no significant difference ( p = 0.128). Total antibiotics duration was significantly lower in the oral-only group (8 days vs. 12.2 days; p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression identified elder age, diabetes mellitus history, and prior extended-spectrum beta-lactamase infection as predictors of clinical failure. Conclusion: This study suggests that both step-down or primary oral antibiotic treatment yielded similar clinical outcomes in managing patients with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase urinary tract infections. Further prospective studies are required to validate these findings.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Diagnosing and Evaluating Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Roohollahi Faramarz , Farahbakhsh Farzin , Mohammadi Aynaz , Mortazavi Mamaghani Elham , Kankam Samuel Berchi , Moarrefdezfouli Azin , Ghamari Khameneh Afshar , Mahmoudi Mohamad Mahdi , Baghdasaryan Davit , Martin Allan R. , Harrop James , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa 
Published: June 2024

Study Design Systematic review. Objective Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a common spinal cord disorder necessitating surgery. We aim to explore how effectively diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can distinguish DCM from healthy individuals and assess the relationship between DTI metrics and symptom severity. Methods We included studies with adult DCM patients who had not undergone decompressive surgery and implemented correlation analyses between DTI parameters and severity, or compared healthy controls and DCM patients. Results 57 studies were included in our meta-analysis. At the maximal compression (MC) level, fractional anisotropy (FA) exhibited lower values in DCM patients, while apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were notably higher in the DCM group. Moreover, our investigation into the diagnostic utility of DTI parameters disclosed high sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve values for FA (.84, .80, .83 respectively) and ADC (.74, .84, .88 respectively). Additionally, we explored the correlation between DTI parameters and myelopathy severity, revealing a significant correlation of FA (.53, 95% CI:0.40 to .65) at MC level with JOA/mJOA scores. Conclusion Current guidelines for DCM suggest decompressive surgery for both mild and severe cases. However, they lack clear recommendations on which mild DCM patients might benefit from conservative treatment vs immediate surgery. ADC’s role here could be pivotal, potentially differentiating between healthy individuals and DCM. While it may not correlate with symptom severity, it might predict surgical outcomes, making it a valuable imaging biomarker for clearer management decisions in mild DCM.
Predicting Dental General Anesthesia Use among Children with Behavioral Health Conditions
Authors: Peng J. , Gorham T.J. , Meyer B.D. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives: To evaluate how different data sources affect the performance of machine learning algorithms that predict dental general anesthesia use among children with behavioral health conditions. Study Design: Observational study using claims data. Methods: Using Medicaid claims from Partners For Kids (2013–2019), electronic medical record data, and the Ohio Child Opportunity Index, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 12,410 children with behavioral health diagnoses. Four lasso-regularized logistic regression models were developed to predict dental general anesthesia use, each incorporating different data sources. Lift scores, or the ratio of positive predictive value to base case prevalence, were used to compare models, and a lift score of 2.5 was considered minimally acceptable for risk prediction. Results: Dental general anesthesia use ranged from 3.2% to 3.9% across models, which made it difficult for the machine learning models to achieve high positive predictive value. Model performance was best when either the electronic medical record (lift = 2.59) or Ohio Child Opportunity Index (lift = 2.56), but not both (lift = 2.34) or neither (lift = 1.87), was used. Conclusions: Incorporating additional data sources improved machine learning model performance, and 2 models achieved satisfactory performance. The model using electronic medical record data could be applied in hospital-based settings, and the model using the Ohio Child Opportunity Index could be more valuable in community-based settings. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Machine learning was applied to satisfactorily predict which children with behavioral health diagnoses would require dental treatment under general anesthesia. Incorporating electronic medical record data or area-level social determinants of health data, but not both, improved the performance of the machine learning predictions. The 2 highest performing models could be applied by hospitals using medical record data or by organizations using area-level social determinants of health data to risk stratify the pediatric behavioral health population.
Sickness absence and disability pension patterns before and after ischemic stroke: A Swedish longitudinal cohort study with matched references
Authors: Roland Mihae , Rudberg Ann-Sofie , Alexanderson Kristina , Sjöstrand Christina 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The aim was to determine ischemic stroke patients’ sickness absence and disability pension before and after stroke, and compare these to that of matched references. Patients and Methods: All working-aged individuals (aged 18–61) in Sweden with incident ischemic stroke in year 2000, 2005, 2010, or 2015, respectively, and five population-based matched references to each stroke patient. Each cohort was followed 1 year prior stroke and 3 years after. We calculated rates and mean days of sickness absence and disability pension among stroke patients and references and computed trajectories of absence days with predictors of high sickness absence and disability pension. Results: Number of patients with incident ischemic stroke in 2000 ( N = 2728), 2005 ( N = 2738), 2010 ( N = 2767), and 2015 ( N = 2531). Mean stroke age was 53 years and rate of men was 64%. Mortality rate within 12 months after stroke date decreased from 8.1% in 2000 to 4.8% in 2015. Sickness absence for patients was 31.1% in the year prior their stroke, versus 13.7% for references, both groups mainly due to mental and musculoskeletal diagnoses. Factors associated with future high mean number of sickness absence and disability pension days were elementary educational level; adjusted OR (CI) 3.47(2.38–5.05), being single; 1.67(1.29–2.16), female sex 1.72(1.31–2.26), diabetes; 1.86(1.18–2.92), and aged >50; 2.25(1.69–2.98). Discussion and Conclusion: Ischemic stroke patients have more absence days compared to matched references even before the stroke, mainly related to mental and musculoskeletal diagnoses. Future research should address the impact of efficient stroke treatment on sickness absence and disability pension.
Inhibition of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 can prevent cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction
Authors: Yang Shujun , Pei Liying , Huang Zijie , Zhong Yinsheng , Li Jun , Hong Yinghui , Long Huibao , Chen Xuxiang , Zhou Changqing , Zheng Guanghui , Zeng Chaotao , Wu Haidong , Wang Tong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to enhanced activity of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in cardiac fibrosis. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5) has been shown to promote cell proliferation and phenotypic transition. However, it remains unclear whether ACP5 is involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis after MI. The present study aimed to investigate the role of ACP5 in post-MI fibrosis and its potential underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Clinical blood samples were collected to detect ACP5 concentration. Myocardial fibrosis was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The ACP5 inhibitor, AubipyOMe, was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Cardiac function and morphological changes were observed on Day 28 after injury. Cardiac CFs from neonatal mice were extracted to elucidate the underlying mechanism in vitro. The expression of ACP5 was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpressed by adeno-associated viruses to evaluate its effect on CF activation.

Results
The expression of ACP5 was increased in patients with MI, mice with MI, and mice with Ang II-induced fibrosis in vitro. AubipyOMe inhibited cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function in mice after MI. ACP5 inhibition reduced cell proliferation, migration, and phenotypic changes in CFs in vitro, while adenovirus-mediated ACP5 overexpression had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, the classical profibrotic pathway of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin was changed with ACP5 modulation, which indicated that ACP5 had a positive regulatory effect. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of ACP5 deficiency on the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway was counteracted by an ERK activator, which indicated that ACP5 regulated GSK3β activity through ERK-mediated phosphorylation, thereby affecting β-catenin degradation.

Conclusion
ACP5 may influence the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transition of CFs, leading to the development of myocardial fibrosis after MI through modulating the ERK/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Assessment of atrazine contamination in the Sele River estuary: spatial distribution, human health risks, and ecological implications in Southern Europe
Authors: De Rosa Elvira , Montuori Paolo , Di Duca Fabiana , De Simone Bruna , Scippa Stefano , Nubi Raffaele , Provvisiero Donatella Paola , Russo Immacolata , Triassi Maria 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Overuse of pesticides is a major worldwide problem for the environment and human health. Atrazine (ATR) is a synthetic triazine herbicide that is typically used to manage crops and although it was banned many years ago, it was detected frequently with a high persistence in the aquatic environments. This study assesses the human and environment health risks, temporal patterns and spatial distribution of ATR and its degradation products (DPs) in the Sele River estuary within the Southern European context.. It specifically investigates their occurrence in the water dissolved phase (WDP), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment.

Results
Sampling was conducted across 10 sites throughout the year’s four seasons. Amounts of ATR and its DPs detected ranged from 20.1 to 96.5 ng L−1 in WDP, from 5.4 to 60.2 ng L−1 in SPM, and from 4.7 to 19.8 ng g−1 in sediment samples, signifying some pollution levels. Spatial distribution mechanisms revealed a southward movement of ATR and its DPs pollution from the Sele River mouth, intensifying during the rainy season. In this study area, a risk evaluation was also carried out. No sample contained ATR or its DPs in concentrations above the recommended limits, which pose a Non-carcinogenic and Carcinogenic risk. The environmental risk was low. Additionally, the determined Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) value was within the allowable range.

Conclusion
Despite its long-standing prohibition, this study investigate ATR levels in the water and sediments of Sele River in Southern Europe. Beyond simply delineating the pollution status of Sele River, this research delineates its ecological repercussions on the Thyrrenian Sea, providing essential data for norms and laws related to water contamination.

Graphical Abstract
Growth and antioxidant responses to water stress in eggplant MAGIC population parents, F1 hybrids and a subset of recombinant inbred lines
Authors: Flores-Saavedra Martín , Plazas Mariola , Gramazio Pietro , Vicente Oscar , Vilanova Santiago , Prohens Jaime 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The generation of new eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars with drought tolerance is a main challenge in the current context of climate change. In this study, the eight parents (seven of S. melongena and one of the wild relative S. incanum L.) of the first eggplant MAGIC (Multiparent Advanced Generation Intercrossing) population, together with four F1 hybrids amongst them, five S5 MAGIC recombinant inbred lines selected for their genetic diversity, and one commercial hybrid were evaluated in young plant stage under water stress conditions (30% field capacity; FC) and control conditions (100% FC). After a 21-day treatment period, growth and biomass traits, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant compounds, and proline content were evaluated.

Results
Significant effects (p < 0.05) were observed for genotype, water treatments and their interaction in most of the traits analyzed. The eight MAGIC population parental genotypes displayed a wide variation in their responses to water stress, with some of them exhibiting enhanced root development and reduced foliar biomass. The commercial hybrid had greater aerial growth compared to root growth. The four F1 hybrids among MAGIC parents differed in their performance, with some having significant positive or negative heterosis in several traits. The subset of five MAGIC lines displayed a wide diversity in their response to water stress.

Conclusion
The results show that a large diversity for tolerance to drought is available among the eggplant MAGIC materials, which can contribute to developing drought-tolerant eggplant cultivars.
Integration analysis of transcriptome and proteome profiles brings new insights of somatic embryogenesis of two eucalyptus species
Authors: Chen Shengkan , Guo Dongqiang , Deng Ziyu , Tang Qinglan , Li Changrong , Xiao Yufei , Zhong Lianxiang , Chen Bowen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is recognized as a promising technology for plant vegetative propagation. Although previous studies have identified some key regulators involved in the SE process in plant, our knowledge about the molecular changes in the SE process and key regulators associated with high embryogenic potential is still poor, especially in the important fiber and energy source tree – eucalyptus.

Results
In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome and proteome profiles of E. camaldulensis (with high embryogenic potential) and E. grandis x urophylla (with low embryogenic potential) in SE process: callus induction and development. A total of 12,121 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3,922 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the SE of the two eucalyptus species. Integration analysis identified 1,353 (131 to 546) DEGs/DEPs shared by the two eucalyptus species in the SE process, including 142, 13 and 186 DEGs/DEPs commonly upregulated in the callus induction, maturation and development, respectively. Further, we found that the trihelix transcription factor ASR3 isoform X2 was commonly upregulated in the callus induction of the two eucalyptus species. The SOX30 and WRKY40 TFs were specifically upregulated in the callus induction of E. camaldulensis. Three TFs (bHLH62, bHLH35 isoform X2, RAP2-1) were specifically downregulated in the callus induction of E. grandis x urophylla. WGCNA identified 125 and 26 genes/proteins with high correlation (Pearson correlation > 0.8 or < -0.8) with ASR3 TF in the SE of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis x urophylla, respectively. The potential target gene expression patterns of ASR3 TF were then validated using qRT-PCR in the material.

Conclusions
This is the first time to integrate multiple omics technologies to study the SE of eucalyptus. The findings will enhance our understanding of molecular regulation mechanisms of SE in eucalyptus. The output will also benefit the eucalyptus breeding program.
TALE gene family: identification, evolutionary and expression analysis under various exogenous hormones and waterlogging stress in Cucumis sativus L.
Authors: Ahmad Sheraz , Khan Khushboo , Saleh Ibrahim A. , Okla Mohammad K. , Alaraidh Ibrahim A. , AbdElgawad Hamada , Naeem Muhammad , Ahmad Naveed , Fahad Shah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Three Amino acid Loop Extension (TALE) belongs to the homeobox group of genes that are important constituents of plant systems. The TALE gene family is instrumental not only in growth and development but also plays an essential role in regulating plant response to environmental adversaries.

Results
In the present study, we isolated 21 CsTALE genes from the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genome database. Bioinformatics tools were put in place to understand the structural and functional components of the CsTALE gene family. The evolutionary analysis dissected them into seven subclades (KNOX-I, KNOX-II, and BELL-I to BELL-V). The cis-acting elements in the promoter region of CsTALE genes disclosed that they are key regulators of hormonal and stress-related processes. Additionally, the STRING database advocated the concerting role of CsTALE proteins with other key transcription factors potent in plant developmental biology. The CsmiR319 and CsmiR167a-3p targeting the CsTALE15 and CsTALE16, respectively, further assert the importance of the CsTALE gene family posttranscriptional-related processes. Tissue-specific gene expression unfolded the fundamental involvement of CsTALE genes as they were expressed throughout the developmental stages. Under waterlogging stress, the CsTALE17 expressed significantly higher values in WL, WL-NAA, and WL-ETH but not in WL-MeJA-treated samples.

Conclusions
The present study reveals the evolution and functions of the CsTALE gene family in cucumber. Our work will provide a platform that will help future researchers address the issue of waterlogging stress in the Yangtze River Delta.