bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human mobility and international knowledge spillovers: evidence from high‐tech small and medium enterprises in an emerging market
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Wright Mike , Filatotchev Igor , Dai Ou , Lu Jiangyong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUsing novel survey data, we examine the relationship between returnee entrepreneurs, multinational enterprise (MNE) work experience of domestic entrepreneurs, and firms' innovation performance in high‐tech SMEs in China. We adopt an integrated framework that combines the knowledge‐based view and social capital theory to investigate whether human mobility across national borders and MNE work experience facilitate international knowledge spillovers. We find that firms founded by returnees are more innovative than their local counterparts. We also find that returnee firms have an indirect impact/spillover effect on non‐returnee firms' innovation performance and act as a new channel for technological knowledge spillovers. The findings show that the presence of a technology gap positively moderates the effect of returnee spillovers on non‐returnee firms' innovation performance, but the impact of MNE work experience on local innovation is constrained by the technology gap. Our results extend the existing literatures on knowledge spillovers and strategic entrepreneurship and have important managerial and policy implications. Copyright © 2010 Strategic Management Society.
Vibration control study on a supertall building
Authors: Wang Dy , Zhou Y. , Zhu Y. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYVibration control of a 288‐m supertall building with connective structure is studied in this work. Fluctuating wind time series of the structure in forward and reverse Y‐direction in a 10‐year frequency are simulated by modified auto‐regressive method (AR method) to perform wind vibration analysis, and six minor and major earthquake waves are provided by building designer to perform earthquake analysis. Three vibration control schemes with nonlinear viscous dampers are proposed to control structural dynamic responses under wind and earthquake excitations. The dynamic responses of the structure with the proposed control schemes in wind and earthquake excitations are investigated and their vibration control effects are analysed comparatively. The study results show that the modified AR method is reliable and effective for simulating the fluctuating wind exerted on the building. The excessive dynamic responses induced by wind and earthquake excitations can be controlled effectively by the proposed schemes. The peak acceleration of top storey can be reduced by almost 40% for the proposed control schemes in wind excitation. The elastic working state of the connective body between the high tower part and the low tower part in major earthquakes can also be ensured totally. So, the validity and feasibility of the proposed schemes in reducing structural vibration responses can be fully approved. Some suggestions about structural analysis and design under wind and earthquake excitations are proposed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptation and resilience: responding to a changing climate
Authors: Nelson Donald R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAdaptation and resilience are two concepts originally developed in dissimilar problem contexts but which are of significant importance for our ability to respond to a changing climate. While both concepts encompass processes of change they differ in several important areas. This article discusses the relationship between the two concepts and highlights three issues concerned with our ability to respond to and manage change. First, although adaptation responses can help to build resilience, they just as easily can undermine resilience. Second, the magnitude of change may be outside our abilities to adapt, and thus it is not always possible to maintain system resilience. Finally, resilience is not a normative concept. The desirability of a resilient system, or community, must be considered in light of social goals and how benefits and risks are distributed. Better appreciation of the relationship between the concepts of adaptation and resilience will provide more effective tools to plan for, and respond to, current and future change.WIREs Clim Change2011 2 113–120 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.91This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation
Fine‐scale spatial distribution of herbage mass, herbage consumption and fecal deposition by cattle in a pasture under intensive rotational grazing
Authors: Hirata Masahiko , Ogura Shin‐ichiro , Furuse Mizuho 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHerbage mass, herbage consumption and fecal deposition by animals were monitored for 2 years in 182 fixed locations (0.5 × 0.5 or 1 × 1 m) in a sown pasture (1.1 ha) grazed rotationally by cattle (42–45 animals). Fecal deposition was more spatially variable (higher values of coefficient of variation) than herbage mass and consumption, with consistently significant bias from the normal distribution in both skewness and kurtosis. In terms of spatial pattern, herbage mass and consumption were always or almost always spatially heterogeneous (nonrandom spatial pattern), while fecal deposition was less frequently heterogeneous or usually homogeneous (random spatial pattern). The spatial heterogeneity in herbage mass was interpreted as being created in the early grazing season possibly through spatial heterogeneity in soil‐related factors, and maintained until the late grazing season mainly by herbivory where the animals always left more herbage uneaten at locations with higher pre‐grazing herbage mass. Even when cumulated for 2 years (56 days of grazing), herbage consumption and fecal deposition were still considerably spatially variable. Such nonuniform cumulation of animal impacts, however, is not likely to have a negative effect on the grazing system (paddock as the major grazing area) because (1) the animals almost always consumed more herbage from locations with higher herbage mass, resulting in a less variable degree of utilization (consumption/production) across the paddock; (2) fecal deposition on the paddock was not abundant, due to the concentration of feces in the resting area adjoined; and (3) fertilizer was regularly applied to the paddock as management.
The effect of herbivores and humans on the Sand Forest species of Maputaland, northern KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Gaugris Jerome Y. , van Rooyen Margaretha W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSand Forest in the Maputaland region of KwaZulu‐Natal in South Africa is deemed the most valuable, but also probably the most complex vegetation type of this part of the Maputaland–Pondoland–Albany hotspot of biodiversity. However, Sand Forest is under threat from the current human population growth in that region as well as from uncontrolled increases in wild herbivore numbers in conservation areas. The present study compares the impacts of herbivores and humans on the state of woody resources between two sites under differing utilisation regimes. Sand Forest was found to be a complex association of tree assemblages defined by different canopy and subcanopy properties. Although marked differences in the abundance of selected species were noted at the two sites, the Sand Forest remained dominated by fine‐grained species under both utilisation regimes. The fine‐grained nature of Sand Forest implies that regeneration depends on the creation of small canopy gaps either by natural processes, humans or elephants, while the creation of large gaps could transform it into woodland. Management of conservation areas where Sand Forest occurs should therefore concentrate efforts on regulating animal populations to levels that provide gap properties that favour forest regeneration.
Calcium-Dependent Signaling in Dupuytren's Disease
Authors: Hadeed Josef G. , Bond Jennifer E. , Selim M. Angelica , Bergeron Andrew , Levin L. Scott , Levinson Howard 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundPrevious studies suggest that Dupuytren's disease is caused by fibroblast and myofibroblast contractility. Cell contractility in smooth muscle cells is caused by calcium-dependent and calcium-independent signaling mechanisms. In the calcium-dependent pathway, calcium/calmodulin activates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). In this study, the effects of calcium/calmodulin inhibition with the FDA-approved drug fluphenazine on Dupuytren's fibroblast contractility and MLCK expression were tested.MethodsFibroblast lines from the palmar fascia of patients with Dupuytren's disease were explanted and used for in vitro study. The effect of fluphenazine on Dupuytren's fibroblast migration was determined using a scratch migration assay, and contractility was determined using fibroblast-populated collagen lattice (FPCL) assays. Immunohistochemical staining of MLCK in different samples of Dupuytren's tissue and normal fascia were compared.ResultsFluphenazine demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of Dupuytren's fibroblast migration, with the maximum inhibition of migration observed at 20 μM (69.8±1.9%). Fluphenazine also inhibited FPCL contraction in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition was observed at a fluphenazine concentration of 20 μM (52.5±6.1%). Immunohistological staining illustrated that MLCK was predominantly expressed throughout the cytoplasm of select fibroblasts within Dupuytren's nodules, yet was absent in the fibroblasts of Dupuytren's cords and normal palmar fascia.ConclusionsFluphenazine inhibits Dupuytren's fibroblast contractility and migration through inhibition of MLCK in vitro. However, the inconsistent expression of MLCK throughout Dupuytren's tissue suggests that calcium-dependent signaling may not be a primary mode of contracture formation. Fluphenazine inhibition of MLCK is not likely to be a target for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease.
The benefit of directly comparing autism and schizophrenia for revealing mechanisms of social cognitive impairment
Authors: Sasson Noah J. , Pinkham Amy E. , Carpenter Kimberly L. H. , Belger Aysenil 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Autism and schizophrenia share a history of diagnostic conflation that was not definitively resolved until the publication of the DSM-III in 1980. Though now recognized as heterogeneous disorders with distinct developmental trajectories and dissociative features, much of the early nosological confusion stemmed from apparent overlap in certain areas of social dysfunction. In more recent years, separate but substantial literatures have accumulated for autism and schizophrenia demonstrating that abnormalities in social cognition directly contribute to the characteristic social deficits of both disorders. The current paper argues that direct comparison of social cognitive impairment can highlight shared and divergent mechanisms underlying pathways to social dysfunction, a process that can provide significant clinical benefit by informing the development of tailored treatment efforts. Thus, while the history of diagnostic conflation between autism and schizophrenia may have originated in similarities in social dysfunction, the goal of direct comparisons is not to conflate them once again but rather to reveal distinctions that illuminate disorder-specific mechanisms and pathways that contribute to social cognitive impairment.
Stereochemistry of Hydrogen Removal During Oxygenation of Linoleic Acid by Singlet Oxygen and Synthesis of 11(S)‐Deuterium‐Labeled Linoleic Acid
Authors: Hamberg Mats 
Published: December 2010

AbstractExposure of unsaturated fatty acids to singlet oxygen results in the formation of hydroperoxides. In this process, each double bond in the acyl chain produces two regioisomeric hydroperoxides having an (E)‐configured double bond. Although such compounds are racemic, the hydrogen removal associated with the oxygenation may, a priori, take place antarafacially, suprafacially or stereorandomly. The present study describes the preparation of [11(S)‐2H]linoleic acid by two independent methods and the use of this stereospecifically labeled fatty acid to reveal the hidden stereospecificity in singlet oxygenations of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It was found that linoleic acid 9(R)‐ and 13(S)‐hydroperoxides formed from [11(S)‐2H]linoleic acid both retained the deuterium label whereas the 9(S)‐ and 13(R)‐hydroperoxides were essentially devoid of deuterium. It is concluded that polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides produced in the presence of singlet oxygen in e.g., plant leaves are formed by a reaction involving addition of oxygen and removal of hydrogen taking place with suprafacial stereochemistry. This result confirms and extends previous mechanistic studies of singlet oxygen‐dependent oxygenations.
Composition and Thermal Analysis of Lipids from Pre‐fried Chicken Nuggets
Authors: Marikkar J. M. N. , Ng S. L. , Che Man Y. B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractComposition and thermal profiles of the endogenous lipids of ten commercial chicken nuggets brands (NPO, ACO, AFO, APO, ASO, AMO, ARO, JOD, SMO, and SOD) were compared with those of the lipids of chicken nuggets pre‐fried in lard (ALD) and palm olein (AOO) to determine the type of oil used for pre‐frying of the product. The stearic acid content of the commercial brands were similar to that of the sample pre‐fried in palm olein, but significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of the sample pre‐fried in lard. The triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles of the commercial brands were similar to that of the sample pre‐fried in palm olein, but distinctly different from the sample pre‐fried in lard according to the dissimilarities in the contents of TAG molecules namely, PLL, POS, and PPO. Based on thermal analysis, the commercial brands of chicken nuggets could be divided into three distinguishable subgroups namely, Group‐A: NPO; Group‐B: ACO, AFO, APO, ASO; Group‐C: AMO, ARO, JOD, SMO, SOD. While brands under group‐B showed close similarity to AOO, none show any similarity to sample ALD. As any of the samples did not possess characteristics of the sample pre‐fried in lard, the commercial brands of chicken nuggets of this study are recommendable for consumers whose religious restriction prevents the use of lard in food.
Malaxation of Olive Paste Under Sealed Conditions
Authors: Masella Piernicola , Parenti Alessandro , Spugnoli Paolo , Calamai Luca 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVirgin olive oils from pilot‐scale malaxation under hermetically sealed conditions were compared with olive oils from industrial conventional open‐to‐air malaxation (control). Under sealed conditions, large CO2 emissions coupled with O2 depletion occur. Oil samples produced under sealed conditions were less oxidized and contained greater concentrations of antioxidant compounds (especially secoiridoids phenols) than the control. These results were attributed to the reduced O2 concentration in the hermetically sealed pilot‐scale malaxer. The amounts and types of volatile compounds present in the oil were only slightly affected by the treatment.
What I like about you: The association between adolescent attachment security and emotional behavior in a relationship promoting context
Authors: Hershenberg Rachel , Davila Joanne , Yoneda Athena , Starr Lisa R. , Miller Melissa Ramsay , Stroud Catherine B. , Feinstein Brian A. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTBecause the ability to flexibly experience and appropriately express emotions across a range of developmentally relevant contexts is crucial to adaptive functioning, we examined how adolescent attachment security may be related to more functional emotional behavior during a relationship promoting interaction task. Data were collected from 74 early adolescent girls (Mean age 13.45 years; SD = 0.68; 89% Caucasian) and their primary caregiver. Results indicated that, regardless of the parent's interaction behavior and the level of stress in the parent–adolescent relationship, greater adolescent security was associated with more positive and less negative behavioral displays, including greater positivity, greater coherence of verbal content and affect, less embarrassment, and less emotional dysregulation in response to a situational demand for establishing intimacy with the parent. Implications for encouraging and fostering adolescents’ capacity to respond to interpersonal contexts in ways that promote the relationship are discussed.
Lean service operations: Reflections and new directions for capacity expansion in outpatient clinics
Authors: LaGanga Linda R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis field research in outpatient service operations examines original quantitative data on appointments and analyzes a lean process improvement project that was conducted to increase capacity to admit new patients into a healthcare service operation system. Analysis of 1726 intake appointments for the year preceding and the full year following the lean project showed a 27% increase in service capacity to intake new patients and a 12% reduction in the no‐show rate as a result of the transformation of service processes achieved by the lean project. This study's action research methodology leverages the researcher's involvement in redesigning a service system that greatly improved performance and led to reflection on traditional operations management (OM) approaches to appointment scheduling. The study generates insights about effective alignment of resources, develops new strategies for service operations to respond to no‐shows, reveals time‐related variables that have been overlooked in appointment scheduling research, and challenges traditional OM scheduling performance measures. We provide recommendations for effective and appropriate use of overbooking and identify avenues for future research to continuously improve and increase the capacity of service operations.
IS HEALTH STATUS OF ELDERLY WORSENING IN INDIA? A COMPARISON OF SUCCESSIVE ROUNDS OF NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY DATA
Authors: HUSAIN ZAKIR , GHOSH SASWATA 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThe increasing greying of India's population raises concerns about the welfare and health status of the aged. One important source of information of health status of the elderly is the National Sample Survey Rounds on Morbidity and Health Care Expenditure. Using unit-level data for 1995–96 and 2004, this paper examines changes in reported health status of the elderly in India and analyses their relationship with living arrangements and extent of economic dependency. It appears that even after controlling for factors like caste, education, age, economic status and place of residence, there has been a deterioration in self-perceived current health status of the elderly. The paper argues that, although there have been changes in the economic condition and traditional living arrangements – with a decline in co-residential arrangements – this is not enough to explain the decline in reported health status and calls for a closer look at narratives of neglect being voiced in developing countries.
Increasing hospitalizations for serious skin infections in New Zealand children, 1990–2007
Authors: O'SULLIVAN C. E. , BAKER M. G. , ZHANG J. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThe incidence of serious skin infections in New Zealand children is significantly higher than in comparative countries. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of these infections and identify changes in disease distribution over time. Discharge data were analysed for all children admitted to a New Zealand public hospital with a serious skin infection during the period 1990–2007. Patient and admission variables were compared between 1990–1999 and 2000–2007. The incidence of serious skin infections almost doubled from 298·0/100 000 in 1990 to 547·3/100 000 in 2007. The highest rates were observed in boys, preschool-aged children, Māori and Pacific children, those living in deprived neighbourhoods, urban areas and northern regions. Over time there were disproportionate increases in infection rates in Māori and Pacific children and children from highly deprived areas. Serious skin infections are an increasing problem for New Zealand children. Worsening ethnic and socioeconomic health inequalities may be contributing to increasing rates.
Design improvements and tests of a laser positioning system for the Taiwan Photon Source girder system
Authors: Hsu Keng-Hao , Chen Mei-Ling , Ho H. C. , Wang H. S. , Tsai Y. L. , Lai W. Y. , Tseng T. C. , Perng S. Y. , Hsu K. H. , Chen J. R. 
Published: December 2010

A precise laser positioning system had been preliminarily developed for the girder system of the Taiwan Photon Source. This laser positioning system, a part of a girder auto-alignment scheme, will be installed on the girders located at both sides of each straight section of the storage ring. The system is composed of a laser and four sets of a position sensing device (PSD). The laser, held on one girder, propagates 13 m along the girder and plays the role of a reference line of girders of the straight section. Based on the laser linear characteristics, the other girder can be adjusted and aligned by a cam mover according to PSD data. To achieve superior precision, the whole laser positioning system should be constructed stably. After making some improvements to eliminate the unstable terms, the precision of the laser positioning system can achieve 2 µm at 13 m propagating distance every 4 h.
New optical mount design for Canadian Light Source far infrared beamline
Authors: May T. , Chen S. , Beauregard D. , Taylor D. , Johnson T. 
Published: December 2010

The Canadian Light Source far infrared (IR) beamline uses seven mirrors to transport the IR light to the spectrometer experimental station (May et al. 2006). A new mirror mount provides more stability and precision control of mirror alignment. The design uses a gimbal arrangement that reflects the IR beam through 90°. Internal motor actuators for 2° of angular rotation (pitch and roll) and 1° of translation drive the mount. The two independent rotation axes intersect at the mirror centre to minimize translation offset when rotated. Translation along the incoming beam axis allows focus adjustment of the elliptical mirrors mounted. Beam steering using closed loop control with position feedback is precise and repeatable. Piezo-actuator tilting mirrors in an active optics system use this gimbal design for mounting. The design is compact and scales to the size of the mirror to be mounted; this allows installing new components into the existing chambers. We present features of the mount that include in-vacuum operation (Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) possible with change of motor type), economic materials and ability to handle heavy elements of 33 kg or more.
YeastMed: An XML-Based System for Biological Data Integration of Yeast
Authors: Briache Abdelaali , Marrakchi Kamar , Kerzazi Amine , Navas-Delgado Ismael , Aldana Montes José F. , Rossi Hassani Badr Din , Lairini Khalid 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA key goal of bioinformatics is to create database systems and software platforms capable of storing and analysing large sets of biological data. Hundreds of biological databases are now available and provide access to huge amount of biological data. SGD, Yeastract, CYGD-MIPS, BioGrid and PhosphoGrid are five of the most visited databases by the yeast community. These sources provide complementary data on biological entities. Biologists are brought systematically to query these data sources in order to analyse the results of their experiments. Because of the heterogeneity of these sources, querying them separately and then manually combining the returned result is a complex and laborious task. To provide transparent and simultaneous access to these sources, we have developed a mediator-based system called YeastMed. In this paper, we present YeastMed focusing on its architecture.