bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas on fine needle aspiration: Case Report with Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Guan Hui , Gurda Grzegorz , Lennon Anne Marie , Hruban Ralph H. , Erozan Yener S. 
Published: July 2012

Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) is a rare primary pancreatic neoplasm accounting for less than 1% of all pancreatic exocrine neoplasms and 3% of intraductal neoplasms of the pancreas. Data on this entity are still limited. Here, we report a case of ITPN with cytopathologic and histopathologic findings.A 41‐year‐old woman with a 2.2 cm cyst in the head of the pancreas for five years was referred to our institution. The endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration produced cytospins were moderately cellular with a few fragments of markedly atypical epithelium. The neoplastic cells displayed high‐grade nuclear atypia with enlarged, eccentric nuclei, anisonucleosis and prominent nucleoli, irregular nuclear membranes, high nucleus to cytoplasmic (N/C) ratios, and a moderate amount of cytoplasm with no intracytoplasmic mucin. Histologically, the lesion was found to be an ITPN with focal high‐grade dysplasia. No invasive carcinoma was identified. The neoplastic cells exhibited luminal immunolabeling for MUC‐1, but were negative for MUC‐2, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and P53. Approximately 5% of the neoplastic cells showed Ki‐67 immunoreactivity.ITPN of pancreas may be a source of markedly atypical epithelial cells in pancreatic cystic aspiration. Clinical and radiographic findings, molecular mutational analysis, in combination with cytological features are essential to differentiate it from other disease entities. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:156–160. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative image analysis of conventional and thin‐layer preparations in endometrial cytology
Authors: Hattori Manabu , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Nishimura Yukari , Machida Daisuke , Toyonaga Masumi , Tsunoda Shinpei , Ohbu Makoto 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe evaluated the differences in cytologic findings between conventional and thin‐layer preparations in endometrial cytology to introduce the thin‐layer method into routine cytology. Eighty patients who had undergone endometrial cytology and biopsy on the same day were selected and we compared the cytological findings between conventional‐ and thin‐layer preparations (TLP) in endometrial cytology. The numbers of neutrophils and cell clusters in the thin‐layer method were lower than those in the conventional smear (CSS) method. The average number of neutrophils in endometrioid adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal morphology endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia. Regarding the shape of the cell clusters, ball‐like patterns and round‐edged cell clusters were not identified in CSS. The average number of clusters in CSS was significantly greater than that using the TLP. The average of the nuclear area in CSS was significantly larger than that using the TLP, indicating that the nuclear areas in CSS were more uneven than that using the TLP. In the future, it is expected that liquid‐based cytology will be applied to the cytological diagnosis of a variety of lesions. The influence on cells due to fixation is considerable in liquid‐based preparations. Therefore, if we strive to pick up the differences between CSS and TLP of endometrial samples, the diagnostic accuracy of the latter could be improved. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytoplasmic vacuolization: An under‐recognized cytomorphologic feature in endocrine tumors of the pancreas
Authors: Levy Gillian H. , Finkelstein Alexander , Harigopal Malini , Chhieng David , Cai Guoping 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine neoplasm (PEN) is often straightforward; however, cytomorphologic variants may impose a diagnostic challenge, particularly in small biopsies such as fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). Here we describe prominent fine cytoplasmic vacuoles in three cases of PENs which were initially evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided FNA. The clinicopathologic features and diagnostic pitfalls of this cytomorphologic variant were discussed. Awareness of this rare cytomorphologic feature with application of immunocytochemical studies is crucial for rendering an accurate diagnosis and avoiding diagnostic pitfalls. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variation in predator species abundance can cause variable selection pressure on warning signaling prey
Authors: Valkonen Janne K. , Nokelainen Ossi , Niskanen Martti , Kilpimaa Janne , Björklund Mats , Mappes Johanna 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPredation pressure is expected to drive visual warning signals to evolve toward conspicuousness. However, coloration of defended species varies tremendously and can at certain instances be considered as more camouflaged rather than conspicuous. Recent theoretical studies suggest that the variation in signal conspicuousness can be caused by variation (within or between species) in predators' willingness to attack defended prey or by the broadness of the predators' signal generalization. If some of the predator species are capable of coping with the secondary defenses of their prey, selection can favor reduced prey signal conspicuousness via reduced detectability or recognition. In this study, we combine data collected during three large‐scale field experiments to assess whether variation in avian predator species (red kite, black kite, common buzzard, short‐toed eagle, and booted eagle) affects the predation pressure on warningly and non‐warningly colored artificial snakes. Predation pressure varied among locations and interestingly, if common buzzards were abundant, there were disadvantages to snakes possessing warning signaling. Our results indicate that predator community can have important consequences on the evolution of warning signals. Predators that ignore the warning signal and defense can be the key for the maintenance of variation in warning signal architecture and maintenance of inconspicuous signaling.
Trimetallic [M3(dpa)4]2+ Complexes (M = Co, Ni) as Building Blocks for Cyano‐Bridged Coordination Polymers
Authors: Wang Jingfang , Ozarowski Andrew , Kovnir Kirill , Thompson Corey M. , Yaroslavtsev Alexander A. , Chernikov Roman V. , Dalal Naresh S. , Shatruk Michael 
Published: July 2012

AbstractReactions between the complexes M3(dpa)4Cl2 (M = Co, Ni; dpa = 2,2′‐dipyridylamine), which contain linear trimetallic fragments, and (Bu4N)3[M′(CN)6] (M′ = Fe, Co) result in the formation of CN‐bridged coordination polymers. The analysis of the products obtained suggests that they have a two‐dimensional structure, in which ditopic [M3(dpa)4]2+ linkers bridge 4‐connected [M′(CN)6]3– nodes into an extended layer. The synthesis of {[Co3(dpa)4]1.97[Fe(CN)6]}Cl0.8 (1) is accompanied by an electron transfer from the tricobalt to the hexacyanoferrate units, which results in the formation of [Co3(dpa)4]3+ and [Fe(CN)6]4– fragments. In {[Ni3(dpa)4]1.74[Fe(CN)6]}Cl0.45 (3), a partial charge transfer between the trinickel and the hexacyanoferrate units leads to the temperature‐dependent FeIII/FeII mixed valence, and lower temperatures favor the thermodynamic FeIII ground state. {[Co3(dpa)4]2.06[Co(CN)6]}Cl1.1 (2) exhibits spin‐glass behavior with a spin‐freezing point of approximately 4.8 K, which is due to the magnetic superexchange between the paramagnetic [Co3(dpa)4]2+ (S = 1/2) units through the diamagnetic [Co(CN)6]3– linkers.
Gold‐catalyzed synthesis of dicarboxylic and monocarboxylic acids
Authors: Kulik Anna , Janz Alexander , Pohl Marga‐Martina , Martin Andreas , Köckritz Angela 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVicinal dihydroxy derivatives of oleic acid, methyl oleate, and erucic acid were converted by oxidative cleavage to the respective di‐ and monocarboxylic acids according to an environmentally benign process carried out in the presence of supported gold catalysts and molecular oxygen as oxidant in an aqueous‐basic medium. Au(0) nanoparticles with particle sizes between 0.5 and 4.1 nm were deposited as catalytically active species on different oxidic supports. The influence of the catalyst composition and morphology as well as of the reaction conditions on conversion of dihydroxy fatty acids and yields of products were investigated. Thus, the reaction of 9,10‐dihydroxystearic acid catalyzed by Au/Al2O3 leads to azelaic acid (86% yield) and pelargonic acid (99% yield).
Improved method for the determination of wax esters in vegetable oils
Authors: Carelli Amalia A. , Bäumler Erica B. , Ceci Liliana N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this work, a modified International Olive Council (IOC) method for wax determination involving a double‐adsorbent layer of silica gel and silver nitrate‐impregnated silica gel is presented (SN method). Column chromatography by the SN method did not show retention of wax esters standards with an even number of carbon atoms (C34–C44), observing recovery percentages higher than 90% even for unsaturated wax esters. All wax fractions were lower by the SN method than by the IOC method, resulting in a percentage decrease in the total wax content (olive oils: 20–50%, crude sunflower oil: 38%, crude soybean oil: 58% and crude grape seed oil: 13%). Olive oils analysed by the SN method showed increases of up to 27% in C40 relative percentage with respect to the IOC method. Additionally, decreases were observed by the SN method in the relative percentages for odd‐carbon atom waxes for the seed oils in comparison to the IOC method (crude sunflower oil: 27%, crude soybean oil: 28% and crude grape seed oil: 13%). The main advantages of the proposed modification consist in its easy implementation and a better determination of wax esters (C34–C60) by controlling their complete recovery and removing interfering substances. The method is suitable for quality control and for authentication of olive oil and seed oils as well as in processing monitoring.Practical applications: The proposed method is useful in the quality, authentication and processing control of fruit and seed oils. Moreover, it can be an important tool for vegetable oil industries to control the efficiency of the wax separation process to prevent turbidity in the refined oil.
Rapid determination of cholesterol in emulsified confectioneries by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ahn Jang‐Hyuk , Jeong In‐Seek , Kwak Byung‐Man , Leem Donggil , Yoon Taehyung , Yoon Changyong , Jeong Jayoung , Park Jung‐Min , Kim Jin‐Man 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe developed a sample preparation method by using no‐heating saponification after dispersive SPE and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography for rapid determination of cholesterol in emulsified foods, such as cream pie, cream sandwich‐type biscuit, plate chocolate, and chocobar. Optimum cholesterol extraction was obtained by using 10 mL isopropyl alcohol and 8.0 g (NH4)2SO4 per 1–2 g sample; saponification after extraction was performed using 25 mg KOH, 0.8 g NaCl, and 100 mg of a silica based NH2 SPE material. The determined cholesterol concentration was within certified reference material limits, and results of the recovery test were in the range of 97.4 to 104.8% with a relative standard deviation between 2.14 and 3.80%. Since our method had less sample preparation and chromatographic separation times, we expect our method to be used for effective quality control processes for monitoring cholesterol concentrations in confectioneries.Practical applications: A rapid analytical method for determining the cholesterol concentration in emulsified confectioneries was developed by using UPLC. The assessed cholesterol levels after comparing them with the CRMs were within the permissible range; results of the recovery tests performed using spiked materials ranged from 97.4 to 104.8% with RSD between 2.14 and 3.80%. Thus, our method could be used for accurate and precise determination of cholesterol concentration at low analysis and pretreatment time.
2′‐Modified Neamine Analogues from Thiomannosides through Glycosidation–Stereoinversion
Authors: Gironés Daniel , Hanckmann Marcel , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , van Delft Floris L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractConveniently protected neamine analogues were synthesized with a free 2′‐OH group for further functionalization. An approach was investigated involving a stereoselective α‐glycosidation reaction of 3,4‐O‐dimethoxybutanediyl‐2‐O‐silyl protected thiomannosides with a 2‐deoxystreptamine derivative. Subsequent 2‐O‐deprotection followed by anoxidation–reduction sequence led to α‐glucosides withstereoinversion at C‐2′. The scope of the procedure for the syntheses of α‐glucosides was explored with three distinct model acceptors. Thiomannoside coupling, 2‐O‐deprotection, and oxidation were straightforward, whereas the outcome of the reduction step was clearly acceptor‐dependent.
Oxidative Coupling of Enolates, Enol Silanes, and Enamines: Methods and Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Guo Fenghai , Clift Michael D. , Thomson Regan J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOxidative coupling of enolates, enol silanes, and enamines provides a direct method for the construction of useful 1,4‐dicarbonyl synthons. Despite its first being reported in 1935, with subsequent important advances beginning in the 1970s, the development of this powerful reaction into a reliable methodology was somewhat limited. In recent years, though, there have been a number of reports from several research groups demonstrating advances in several neglected areas of oxidative coupling. This microreview summarizes these new advances in methodology and provides an overview of recent natural product syntheses that showcase the power of these transformations.
Modeling a Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as a Storage Device Within AC Power Networks
Authors: Ren J. , Gamble S. R. , Roscoe A. J. , Irvine J. T. S. , Burt G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC) system, consisting of a RSOFC stack, heat store, and electrical inverters to convert DC to AC power, is shown by computer modeling to have the potential to efficiently store electrical energy. This paper describes the modeling of a single RSOFC, based on a proposed cell geometry, empirical data on the resistivities of the components, and calculation of activation and diffusion polarization resistances from electrochemical theory. Data from ac impedance spectroscopy measurements on symmetrical cells are used to model RSOFC impedance. A RSOFC stack is modeled by electrically linking the individual cells inside a pressurized vessel. A phase change heat store is added to improve energy storage efficiency. The model is implemented in MATLAB®/Simulink®. Two competing inverter control schemes are compared, trading off DC bus ripple against AC power quality. It is found that selection of appropriate DC bus capacitance is important in certain scenarios, with potential system cost implications. It is shown that the system can store electrical energy at an efficiency of 64% over a single discharge–charge cycle, i.e., hydrogen to electricity and heat to hydrogen.
THE IMPORTANCE OF SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS TO ESTIMATE ACTUAL WATER USE OF MESKI OLIVE TREES UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES IN TUNISIA
Authors: Vandegehuchte Maurits W. , Braham Mohamed , Lemeur Raoul , Steppe Kathy 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTImprovement in irrigation techniques has led to an expansion of the irrigated olive area in Tunisia and consequently a rise in agricultural water consumption. Here, the actual water use of Olea europaea L. ‘Meski’ as estimated by thermal dissipation probe measurements was compared for different irrigation regimes: three plots with irrigation doses based on Penman–Monteith crop evapotranspiration (ETc), 0.33 × ETc and the local grower's experience (about 0.6 × ETc), respectively. The scaling up of sap flux densities proved to be difficult given the azimuthal and radial sap flux density variability and the conductive surface area asymmetry. Moreover, natural thermal gradients may lead to inaccurate use of standard sap flow formulas. Depending on the manner of upscaling, differences in water use of more than 50 l day‐1 per tree were obtained (up to 0.7 × ETc irrigation dose). Despite these difficulties, sap flow calculations seem crucial to accurately determine the water needs of the orchard under investigation, as they corresponded closely to the lowest irrigation dose which was considered sufficiently high as no significant differences in drought stress variables were detected between the plots. Therefore, irrigation based solely on ETc leads to wasting of water; hence, careful application of both meteorological and sap flow methods is desirable in irrigation scheduling. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxic interaction between acid yellow 23 and trypsin: Spectroscopic methods coupled with molecular docking
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Rutao , Qin Pengfei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAcid yellow 23 (AY23) is a pervasive azo dye used in many fields which is potentially harmful to the environment and human health. This paper studied the toxic effects of AY23 on trypsin by spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. The addition of AY23 effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of trypsin via static quenching with association constants of K290,K = 3.67 × 105 L mol−1 and K310,K = 1.83 × 105 L mol−1. The calculated thermodynamic parameters conformed that AY23 binds to trypsin predominantly via electrostatic forces with one binding site. Conformational investigations indicated the skeletal structure of trypsin unfolded and the microenvironment of tryptophan changed with the addition of AY23. Molecular docking study showed that AY23 interacted with the His 57 and Lys 224 residue of trypsin and led to the inhibition of enzyme activity. This study offers a more comprehensive picture of AY23–trypsin interaction and indicates their interaction may perform toxic effects within the organism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:360–367, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21430
Attenuation of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms in kidney of rats intoxicated with carbofuran
Authors: Kaur Bhupindervir , Khera Alka , Sandhir Rajat 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCarbofuran, an anticholinestrase carbamate, is commonly used as an insecticide. Its toxic effect on kidney is less established. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of carbofuran on kidneys and to understand the mechanism involved in its nephrotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of eight animals each; control animals received sunflower oil (vehicle) and carbofuran exposed animals were treated with carbofuran (1 mg/kg body weight) orally for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, significant increase was observed in urea and creatinine levels in serum along with the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, suggesting nephrotoxicity. The antioxidant defense system of animals treated with carbofuran was altered in terms of increased lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and total thiols and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase). The results indicate that carbofuran is nephrotoxic and increased oxidative stress appears to be involved in its nephrotoxic effects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:393–398, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21433
DO EMERGING DONORS ALLOCATE AID AS DAC MEMBERS DO? THE CASE OF KOREA IN THE MILLENNIUM ERA
Authors: Lee Kye Woo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study estimates the responsiveness of Korean aid to recipient countries' socio‐economic development needs and the strategic and commercial interests of Korea, with implications for other emerging and Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors. For this purpose, fixed effects regression models are used for the allocation of aid by the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) to 157 recipient countries over the period 2004–2008. The results contrast sharply with the trend seen in DAC member countries. KOICA's aid allocations are consistent with neither socio‐economic development and poverty‐reduction objectives of aid, nor much of the strategic and commercial interests of Korea. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional profiles underlying vulnerability and resilience in rats exposed to an acute unavoidable stress
Authors: Benatti Cristina , Valensisi Cristina , Blom Joan M.C. , Alboni Silvia , Montanari Claudia , Ferrari Francesco , Tagliafico Enrico , Mendlewicz Julien , Brunello Nicoletta , Tascedda Fabio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA complex interplay between gene and environment influences the vulnerability or the resilience to stressful events. In the acute escape deficit (AED) paradigm, rats exposed to an acute unavoidable stress (AUS) develop impaired reactivity to noxious stimuli. Here we assessed the behavioral and molecular changes in rats exposed to AUS. A genome‐wide microarray experiment generated a comprehensive picture of changes in gene expression in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex of animals exposed or not to AUS. Exposure to AUS resulted in two distinct groups of rats with opposite behavioral profiles: one developing an AED, called “stress vulnerable,” and one that did not develop an AED, called “stress resilient.” Genome‐wide profiling revealed a low percentage of overlapping mechanisms in the two areas, suggesting that, in the presence of stress, resilience or vulnerability to AUS is sustained by specific changes in gene expression that can either buffer or promote the behavioral and molecular adverse consequences of stress. Specifically, we observed in the frontal cortex a downregulation of the transcript coding for interferon‐β and leukemia inhibitory factor in resilient rats and an upregulation of neuroendocrine related genes, growth hormone and prolactin, in vulnerable rats. In the hippocampus, the muscarinic M2 receptor was downregulated in vulnerable but upregulated in resilient rats. Our findings demonstrate that opposite behavioral responses did not correspond to opposite regulatory changes of the same genes, but resilience rather than vulnerability to stress was associated with specific changes, with little overlap, in the expression of patterns of genes. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.