bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LHRH antagonist Cetrorelix reduces prostate size and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Rick Ferenc G. , Schally Andrew V. , Block Norman L. , Halmos Gabor , Perez Roberto , Fernandez Jesus B. , Vidaurre Irving , Szalontay Luca 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent findings suggest that BPH has an inflammatory component. Clinical trials have documented that therapy with LHRH antagonist Cetrorelix causes a marked and prolonged improvement in LUTS in men with symptomatic BPH. We investigated the mechanism of action and effect of Cetrorelix in a rat model of BPH.METHODSAdult male Wistar rats were used. BPH was induced in rats by subcutaneous injections of TE 2 mg/day for 4 weeks. Control animals received injections of corn oil. After induction of BPH, rats received depot Cetrorelix pamoate at the doses of 0.625, 1.25, and 12.5 mg/kg on days 1 and 22 and TE‐control rats received vehicle injections. Whole prostates were weighed and processed for RNA and protein. Real‐time RT‐PCR assays for numerous inflammatory cytokines and growth factors were performed. Quantitative analyses of prostatic LHRH receptor, LHRH, androgen receptor (AR) and 5α‐reductase 2 were done by real‐time RT‐PCR and immunoblotting; serum DHT, LH, PSA, and IGF‐1 by immunoassays.RESULTSmRNA levels for inflammatory cytokines IFN‐γ, IL‐3, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐13, IL‐15, and IL‐17 and for growth factors EGF, FGF‐2, FGF‐7, FGF‐8, FGF‐14, TGF‐β1, and VEGF‐A were significantly reduced by Cetrorelix 0.625 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Prostate weights were also significantly lowered by any dose of Cetrorelix.CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that Cetrorelix reduces various inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in rat prostate and, at doses which do not induce castration levels of testosterone, can lower prostate weights. Our findings shed light on the mechanism of action of LHRH antagonists in BPH. Prostate 71:736–747, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunoreactivity of the salivary protein statherin in human male accessory sex glands
Authors: Cossu Margherita , Isola Michela , Solinas Paola , De Lisa Antonello , Massa Denise , Lantini Maria S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDStatherin is a small phosphoprotein chiefly studied for its protective roles towards teeth and oral tissues. Although generally considered as exclusively secreted by salivary glands, circumstantial evidences suggested that other tissues also produce it. This article first demonstrates statherin immunoreactivity in human prostate and seminal vesicles.METHODSSurgical samples of prostate and seminal vesicles were fixed in a mixture of paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, and embedded in Epon resin without previous osmication. Ultrathin sections were treated for the intracellular localization of statherin by means of an immunogold staining method.RESULTSReactive statherin was revealed in secreting cells of both seminal vesicle and prostate epithelia: labeling was found in secretory granules of seminal vesicle cells and in cytoplasmic vesicles of prostatic cells.CONCLUSIONSThe different staining patterns suggested that the two glands secrete statherin through different pathways. Prostate 71:671–674, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple mechanisms account for resistance to sterol 14α‐demethylation inhibitors in field isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola
Authors: Leroux Pierre , Walker Anne‐Sophie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sterol 14α‐demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) have been widely used in many European countries to control septoria leaf blotch, which is caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fückel) J Schrot (anamorph Septoria tritici Berk & MA Curtis). However, treatment efficacy has declined, and significant shifts in population susceptibility have occurred in recent years, with the isolation of particularly highly resistant strains from French, English and Irish populations. The present aim was to determine the phenotypic characteristics of these field isolates and to identify the possible resistance mechanisms.RESULTS: Target alteration, linked to 11 possible changes in the gene encoding 14α‐demethylase (Cyp51), was the basic resistance mechanism in weakly, moderately and highly resistant strains. Changes in Cyp51 combined with the overexpression of drug efflux transporters probably result in multidrug resistance in some of the most resistant phenotypes. Finally, some moderately or highly resistant isolates were found to harbour an insertion in the Cyp51 promoter and/or new combinations of known mutations in the target gene.CONCLUSION: An updated overview of M. graminicola field strains displaying low to high resistance to DMIs is provided here. The management of field resistance and efficacy should be adapted to take these findings into account. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of fungicide resistance and pathogen diversity in Erysiphe necator using quantitative real‐time PCR assays
Authors: Dufour Marie‐Cécile , Fontaine Séverine , Montarry Josselin , Corio‐Costet Marie‐France 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Management of grapevine powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Schw. requires fungicide treatments such as sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) or mitochondrial inhibitors (QoIs). Recently, reduction in the efficacy of DMIs or QoIs was reported in Europe and the United States. The aim of the present study was to develop real‐time qPCR tools to detect and quantify several CYP51 gene variants of E. necator: (i) A versus B groups (G37A) and (ii) sensitive versus resistant to sterol demethylase inhibitor fungicides (Y136F).RESULTS: The efficacy of the qPCR tools developed was better than the CAPS method, with a limit of 2 pg for E necator DNA, 0.06 ng for genetic group A and 1.4 ng for the DMI‐resistant allele. The detection limits of qPCR protocols (LOD) ranged from 0.72 to 0.85%, and the quantification limits (LOQ) ranged from 2.4 to 2.85% for the two alleles G47A and Y136F respectively. The application of qPCR to field isolates from French vineyards showed the presence of DMI‐resistant and/or QoI‐resistant alleles in French pathogen populations, linked to genetic group B.CONCLUSION: The real‐time PCR assay developed in this study provides a potentially useful tool for efficient quantification of different alleles of interest for fungicide monitoring and for population structure of E. necator. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Transcriptional overexpression of CYP6B8/CYP6B28 and CYP6B9 is a mechanism associated with cypermethrin survivorship in field‐collected Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths
Authors: Hopkins Bradley W. , Longnecker Michael T. , Pietrantonio Patricia V 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: There are multiple reports of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); however, metabolic mechanisms responsible for insect survivorship have yet to be elucidated at the molecular level. Here, the transcriptional expression of two cytochrome P450 genes involved in pyrethroid metabolism, CYP6B8/CYP6B28 and CYP6B9, in H. zea male moths surviving discriminating dosages of cypermethrin in the adult vial test were investigated using quantitative PCR.RESULTS: Insects classified as cypermethrin resistant in the adult vial assay contained significantly higher levels of both transcripts compared with the susceptible (ranging from a factor of 3.7 to 34.9 for CYP6B8/CYP6B28 and from 5.6 to 39.6 for CYP6B9), and in individual insects both transcripts were present at similar levels. Analysis of individual males collected across ecological regions and years in Texas showed overexpression of these genes.CONCLUSIONS: This paper is the first to identify transcriptional overexpression of CYP genes associated with pyrethroid survivorship in field‐collected H. zea. This discovery will allow for greater focus on increased metabolism studies at the population level. Understanding mechanisms responsible for resistance will greatly improve the ability to monitor resistance and make better control recommendations, as metabolic resistance may threaten the success not only of pyrethroids but also of other synthetic pesticides. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical study of hydrogenated tetrahedral aluminum clusters
Authors: Ichikawa Kazuhide , Ikeda Yuji , Wagatsuma Ayumu , Watanabe Kouhei , Szarek Paweł , Tachibana Akitomo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report on the structures of aluminum hydrides derived from a tetrahedral aluminum (Al4) cluster using ab initio quantum chemical calculation. Our calculation of binding energies of the aluminum hydrides reveals that stability of these hydrides increases as more hydrogen atoms are adsorbed, while stability of Al – H bonds decreases. We also analyze and discuss the chemical bonds of those clusters by using recently developed method based on the electronic stress tensor. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Governing sustainable forest management in the new climate regime
Authors: Seymour Frances , Forwand Elizabeth 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe newly appreciated role of deforestation and forest degradation as globally significant sources of carbon emissions has focused fresh political attention and large prospective financial flows on tropical forest management. Negotiations at the Thirteenth Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change produced a ‘road map’ toward including compensation to tropical countries for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in a future global climate agreement. The prospect of a global REDD mechanism has spurred the development of REDD initiatives by national governments, international organizations, and private actors. These new initiatives are facing many of the same forest governance challenges that have stymied past efforts to improve the conservation and management of tropical forests. To be effective, efficient, and equitable, REDD efforts will not only have to reverse the economic incentives that drive forest loss, but will also need to clarify land tenure, link to international efforts to curb illegal logging and trade, and manage trade‐offs among competing objectives. They will also need to strengthen the institutional capacity for inclusive REDD design processes, transparent monitoring of carbon emissions and financial flows, and cross‐sectoral and cross‐scale coordination. At the same time, REDD initiatives could provide opportunities to accelerate the required forest governance reforms. WIREs Clim Change 2010 1 803–810 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.70This article is categorized under:

Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Discounting older data
Authors: Caudle Kyle A. , Fowler Gary O. , Jager Leah R. , Ruth David M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article describes two general methods for discounting older data in the real‐time analysis of a data stream. In the first method, the distribution of a data stream is estimated by a series of orthogonal basis functions, and the coefficients of this estimate are updated as new data arrive by combining windowing and exponential smoothing techniques. The second method involves sequential hypothesis testing. When new data arrive, test significance level is adjusted by alpha‐investing, which raises or reduces the significance level of subsequent hypothesis tests on the basis of whether the previous hypothesis test rejects or fails to reject the null hypothesis. Both these methods are nonparametric in nature. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 30–33 DOI: 10.1002/wics.134This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Algorithms
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Streaming Data Mining
Comparison of phenolic compounds and the effects of invasive and native species in East Asia: support for the novel weapons hypothesis
Authors: Kim Yong Ok , Lee Eun Ju 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOne prediction of the novel weapons hypothesis (NWH) for the dominance of exotic invasive plant species is that the allelopathic effects of successful invaders will, in general, be more biochemically inhibitory to native species and microbes in invaded regions than the native plants themselves. However, no study has compared biochemical concentrations, compositions, or effects of large numbers of native species to those of large numbers of invasive species. In this context we tested the allelopathic and antimicrobial potentials of nine native plant species and nine invasive species in East Asia by comparing their broad phenolic contents and the effects of extracts made from each of the species on target plants and soil fungi. Three of the invasive species, including Eupatorium rugosum, had higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds than any of the native species, and the mean concentration of total phenolics for invasive species was 2.6 times greater than the mean for native species. Only scopoletin was novel to the invasive species, being found in all of nine invasive species, but not in the native species. More importantly, the effects of the total suites of phenolic compounds produced by invasive species differed from the effects of phenolics produced by natives. Extracts of invasive species reduced radicle growth of the three test plant species by 60–80%, but extracts of native species reduced radicle growth by only 30–50%. Extracts of invasive species reduced shoot growth of the three test species by 20–40%, but the overall effect of native species’ extract was to stimulate shoot growth. The antimicrobial activity of invasive species was also significantly higher than that of native species. It should be noted that phenolics are just one component of a plant's potential allelopathic arsenal and non‐phenolic compounds are likely to play a role in the total extract effect. For example, extracts of P. americana contained the lowest levels of phenolic compounds, but exhibited the strongest inhibition effect. We could not determine whether the greater inhibitory effects of the extracts from invasive species were due to novel combinations of chemicals or higher concentrations of chemicals, but our results are consistent with the predictions of the NWH.
Simulating seasonal and inter‐annual variations in energy and carbon exchanges and forest dynamics using a process‐based atmosphere–vegetation dynamics model
Authors: Toda Motomu , Takata Kumiko , Nishimura Naoyuki , Yamada Masahito , Miki Naoko , Nakai Taro , Kodama Yuji , Uemura Shigeru , Watanabe Tsutomu , Sumida Akihiro , Hara Toshihiko 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe present paper shows simulated results of seasonal and inter‐annual variations in energy and carbon exchanges and forest dynamics in a sub‐boreal deciduous forest using a fully coupled atmosphere–vegetation interaction model [multilayered integrated numerical model of surface physics‐growing plants interaction (MINoSGI)]. With careful adjustment of site‐specific eco‐physiological parameters, MINoSGI reproduced successfully stand biomass–tree density relationship based on the forest inventory data for 7 years (1999–2005) and seasonal and inter‐annual variations in energy and CO2 fluxes measured by means of eddy covariance technique for 3 years (2003–2005) in the sub‐boreal forest, northern Japan. In addition, MINoSGI estimated annual evapotranspiration (Evt) at 328.6 ± 25.8 mm year−1, net primary production (NPP) at 372.1 ± 31.5 gC m−2 year−1 and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at −224.2 ± 32.2 gC m−2 year−1. We found the estimate of annual NEE in our site lies among the estimates at other forest stands with the almost same climatic conditions in northern Japan, although the tree species and stand age of these forests are different from those of our site. Overall, MINoSGI was found useful to present simultaneous simulations of forest dynamics, surface energy, and carbon exchanges of a forest stand in the future from micro‐meteorological and ecophysiological points of view.
Ostracod distribution in Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang, China) and a reassessed Holocene record
Authors: Mischke Steffen , Zhang Chengjun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOstracod shells in surface sediments from Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang, China) belong mainly to Limnocythereinopinata as the dominant species, and Candonaneglecta and Darwinulastevensoni as accompanying, less abundant taxa. Shells of an additional nine species were recorded only sporadically. The three most abundant ostracods have wide tolerance ranges in terms of salinity, substrate and water depth. The similarly recorded bivalve Pisidiumsubtruncatum, and the gastropods Gyrauluschinensis and Radixauricularia belong to the most tolerant representatives of the genera. The bivalve and gastropods, in addition to the ostracod assemblage, reflect the fact that Ulungur Lake has experienced strong lake level and salinity variations due to water withdrawal in the catchment and the counteracting diversion of river waters to the lake in recent decades. The substrate in Ulungur Lake is typically fine‐grained, apart from the delta region of the Ulungur River channel, which is marked by relatively coarse‐grained detrital sediments barren of ostracod shells. This channel was created 40 years ago to divert water to Ulungur Lake and support its local fisheries and recreational facilities. A reassessed Holocene ostracod record from the lake shows that a significantly higher salinity and lower lake level existed in the early Holocene before 6.0 ka in response to the regional climate. In contrast, a higher lake level and lowest salinity is inferred for the late Holocene period between ca. 3.6 and 1.3 ka before present. Afterwards, the lake level declined and salinity increased in response to regional moisture reduction, although conditions similar to the early Holocene lake status were not re‐established. Our surface‐sediment‐derived data provide a baseline for analysis of future environmental variations due to global climate change and regional water management.
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and intrathecal drugs infusion
Authors: Demartini Laura , Stocco Elisa , Bonezzi Cesare 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEven if there is no study evaluating how often Failed Back Surgery Syndrome is the cause of pain in patients who need spinal drugs infusion to control their symptoms, it seems that in most centres, Failed Back Surgery Syndrome was the most frequent indication for spinal cord stimulation and for intrathecal analgesic delivery pumps implantation. In our experience of spinal drug delivery for pain, about one third of the patients (35.7%) had undergone one or more spinal surgeries.A literature search was performed looking for intrathecal drugs infusion and Failed Back Surgery Syndrome or chronic back and leg pain without specification of previous surgery. The data in which we were interested were trialling methods, drugs used, outcomes and side effects. A comparison was made with the 14 years experience in intrathecal drugs infusion in our centre.We evaluated the side effects reported with chronic spinal drugs infusion even if not specific for patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome.
Semi-parametric genomic-enabled prediction of genetic values using reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces methods
Authors: DE LOS CAMPOS GUSTAVO , GIANOLA DANIEL , ROSA GUILHERME J. M. , WEIGEL KENT A. , CROSSA JOSÉ 
Published: October 2010

SummaryPrediction of genetic values is a central problem in quantitative genetics. Over many decades, such predictions have been successfully accomplished using information on phenotypic records and family structure usually represented with a pedigree. Dense molecular markers are now available in the genome of humans, plants and animals, and this information can be used to enhance the prediction of genetic values. However, the incorporation of dense molecular marker data into models poses many statistical and computational challenges, such as how models can cope with the genetic complexity of multi-factorial traits and with the curse of dimensionality that arises when the number of markers exceeds the number of data points. Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces regressions can be used to address some of these challenges. The methodology allows regressions on almost any type of prediction sets (covariates, graphs, strings, images, etc.) and has important computational advantages relative to many parametric approaches. Moreover, some parametric models appear as special cases. This article provides an overview of the methodology, a discussion of the problem of kernel choice with a focus on genetic applications, algorithms for kernel selection and an assessment of the proposed methods using a collection of 599 wheat lines evaluated for grain yield in four mega environments.
Testing temporal changes in allele frequencies: a simulation approach
Authors: SANDOVAL-CASTELLANOS EDSON 
Published: October 2010

SummaryAnalysis of the temporal variation in allele frequencies is useful for studying microevolutionary processes. However, many statistical methods routinely used to test temporal changes in allele frequencies fail to establish a proper hypothesis or have theoretical or practical limitations. Here, a Bayesian statistical test is proposed in which the distribution of the distances among sampling frequencies is approached with computer simulations, and hypergeometric sampling is considered instead of binomial sampling. To validate the test and compare its performance with other tests, agent-based model simulations were run for a variety of scenarios, and two real molecular databases were analysed. The results showed that the simulation test (ST) maintained the significance value used (α=0·05) for a vast combination of parameter values, whereas other tests were sensitive to the effect of genetic drift or binomial sampling. The differences between binomial and hypergeometric sampling were more complex than expected, and a novel effect was described. This study suggests that the ST is especially useful for studies with small populations and many alleles, as in microsatellite or sequencing molecular data.
Mapping quantitative trait loci in a wild population using linkage and linkage disequilibrium analyses
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ-SÁNCHEZ J. , CHATZIPLI A. , BERALDI D. , GRATTEN J. , PILKINGTON J. G. , PEMBERTON J. M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryHistorical information can be used, in addition to pedigree, traits and genotypes, to map quantitative trait locus (QTL) in general populations via maximum likelihood estimation of variance components. This analysis is known as linkage disequilibrium (LD) and linkage mapping, because it exploits both linkage in families and LD at the population level. The search for QTL in the wild population of Soay sheep on St. Kilda is a proof of principle. We analysed the data from a previous study and confirmed some of the QTLs reported. The most striking result was the confirmation of a QTL affecting birth weight that had been reported using association tests but not when using linkage-based analyses.
Nasopharyngeal cylindrical cell papilloma
Authors: Chrysovergis A , Paschalidis J , Michaels L , Bibas A 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntroduction:Cylindrical cell papillomas are rare tumours which usually arise in the sinonasal region.Case report:We report a case of a nasopharyngeal cylindrical cell papilloma in a 56-year-old man who presented with a four-month history of right-sided hearing loss, otalgia, vertigo and tinnitus. Investigation revealed a soft, nodular lesion obstructing the pharyngeal opening of the right eustachian tube; this was treated by wide endoscopic excision.Conclusion:Cylindrical cell papilloma is a possible cause of eustachian tube obstruction in adults. Effective treatment of these lesions usually requires wide endoscopic excision, in order not to miss coexistent carcinoma.