bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemoDOTS: a web server to design chemistry-driven focused libraries
Authors: Hoffer Laurent , Charifi-Hoareau Guillaume , Barelier Sarah , Betzi Stéphane , Miller Thomas , Morelli Xavier , Roche Philippe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In drug discovery, the successful optimization of an initial hit compound into a lead molecule requires multiple cycles of chemical modification. Consequently, there is a need to efficiently generate synthesizable chemical libraries to navigate the chemical space surrounding the primary hit. To address this need, we introduce ChemoDOTS, an easy-to-use web server for hit-to-lead chemical optimization freely available at https://chemodots.marseille.inserm.fr/. With this tool, users enter an activated form of the initial hit molecule then choose from automatically detected reactive functions. The server proposes compatible chemical transformations via an ensemble of encoded chemical reactions widely used in the pharmaceutical industry during hit-to-lead optimization. After selection of the desired reactions, all compatible chemical building blocks are automatically coupled to the initial hit to generate a raw chemical library. Post-processing filters can be applied to extract a subset of compounds with specific physicochemical properties. Finally, explicit stereoisomers and tautomers are computed, and a 3D conformer is generated for each molecule. The resulting virtual library is compatible with most docking software for virtual screening campaigns. ChemoDOTS rapidly generates synthetically feasible, hit-focused, large, diverse chemical libraries with finely-tuned physicochemical properties via a user-friendly interface providing a powerful resource for researchers engaged in hit-to-lead optimization.
Systematic identification of cargo-mobilizing genetic elements reveals new dimensions of eukaryotic diversity
Authors: Gluck-Thaler Emile , Vogan Aaron A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cargo-mobilizing mobile elements (CMEs) are genetic entities that faithfully transpose diverse protein coding sequences. Although common in bacteria, we know little about eukaryotic CMEs because no appropriate tools exist for their annotation. For example, Starships are giant fungal CMEs whose functions are largely unknown because they require time-intensive manual curation. To address this knowledge gap, we developed starfish, a computational workflow for high-throughput eukaryotic CME annotation. We applied starfish to 2 899 genomes of 1 649 fungal species and found that starfish recovers known Starships with 95% combined precision and recall while expanding the number of annotated elements ten-fold. Extant Starship diversity is partitioned into 11 families that differ in their enrichment patterns across fungal classes. Starship cargo changes rapidly such that elements from the same family differ substantially in their functional repertoires, which are predicted to contribute to diverse biological processes such as metabolism. Many elements have convergently evolved to insert into 5S rDNA and AT-rich sequence while others integrate into random locations, revealing both specialist and generalist strategies for persistence. Our work establishes a framework for advancing mobile element biology and provides the means to investigate an emerging dimension of eukaryotic genetic diversity, that of genomes within genomes.
Effect of nutritional interventions on the psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in women of reproductive age: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Robinson Jazz , Ferreira Amy , Iacovou Marina , Kellow Nicole J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects approximately 48% of women of reproductive age worldwide. It can lead to functional impairment, lower quality of life, and decreased work productivity. Despite the availability of medical treatment options, women are seeking alternative interventions because of concerns of harmful side effects and limited evidence of efficacy associated with pharmacological treatments. To date, high-quality research investigating the effects of dietary and nutrient intervention on PMS is limited.

Objective
This systematic review investigated the effect of nutritional interventions on the psychological symptoms of PMS.

Data Sources
Five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English from inception to October 2022. Trials eligible for inclusion were nutritional intervention studies involving women of reproductive age that measured PMS-associated psychological outcomes.

Data Extraction
Articles were selected using prespecified inclusion criteria. Data screening and extraction and risk-of-bias assessments were conducted by 3 independent reviewers using article screening software and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.

Data Analysis
Thirty-two articles reporting on 31 RCTs involving 3254 participants, ranging in age from 15 to 50 years were included and narratively reviewed. Only 1 of the included studies had a low risk of bias. Treatment with vitamin B6, calcium, and zinc consistently had significant positive effects on the psychological symptoms of PMS. There was insufficient evidence to support the effects of vitamin B1, vitamin D, whole-grain carbohydrates, soy isoflavones, dietary fatty acids, magnesium, multivitamin supplementation, or PMS-specific diets.

Conclusions
There is some evidence to support the use of nutritional interventions for improving psychological symptoms of PMS. However, more research using consistent protocols, procedures to minimize risk of bias, intention-to-treat analysis, and clearer reporting is required to provide conclusive nutritional recommendations for improving PMS-related psychological outcomes.

PROSPERO registration no
CRD42022369999.
The Case Against Human Rights Penality
Authors: Mavronicola Natasa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article seeks to make the human rights case against human rights penality—that is, against the reliance upon and foregrounding of penal mechanisms in the protection of (certain) human rights. The rationale for the alliance between human rights and state penality has at least three central dimensions: effectiveness, accountability and equal protection. In particular, the mobilisation of criminal law (enforcement) and punishment is often treated as the most effective means of preventing and/or redressing human rights violations. Moreover, the criminal process and sanction are often understood as the pinnacle of accountability for serious human rights violations. Finally, the egalitarian rationale for human rights penality views it as redistributing protection to under-protected persons. While remaining committed to human rights, I unpack (some of) the ways in which human rights penality ultimately fails to uphold and even undermines the principles that it has been promoted as fulfilling within the human rights frame.
Introduction
Authors: Fazal Tanisha M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the reader to the topics of military medicine, veterans’ benefits, and the argument of the book: that dramatic improvements in military medicine, alongside the expansion of the veterans’ benefits system, have increased the long-term costs of war in ways that have gone underappreciated This chapter explains the choice of the US, of specific wars, and of military casualties as primary topics of the book. In addition to laying out the plan of the book, this chapter briefly reviews previous research on how the human costs of war are viewed and explains the research involved in writing the book.
From Pestilence to Penicillin
Authors: Fazal Tanisha M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The two world wars saw significant developments in military medicine and veterans’ benefits, especially in comparison to the US Civil War. New knowledge of the germ theory of disease meant that the major cause of death in war became battle wounds rather than illness. Public reaction to the pensions of the Civil War meant that veterans’ benefits were restructured, to include rehabilitation services in World War I and educational and housing assistance as outlined in World War II’s GI Bill. As the medicine improved, more veterans took advantage of these benefits, increasing the long tail of the costs of war.
Blood Is King
Authors: Fazal Tanisha M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The United States’ wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have seen the greatest improvement in military medicine compared to earlier military conflicts. The duration of these wars, as well as the fact that the United States had air superiority in both of them, gave military medical personnel years to develop a significant body of evidence-based research that produced dramatic shifts in evacuation and transfusion procedures. The remarkably low death rate for US military personnel, combined with further expansions of veterans’ benefits in an era of an all-volunteer force, ensured that the long tail of the costs of war continues to grow.
Creating a Civic University
Authors: Morris Peter J.T. , Reed Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores Roscoe’s role in fundraising alongside Thomas Ashton, the tour of German and Swiss institutions conducted by Roscoe and Principal J. G. Greenwood, the move to Oxford Road in 1873 with buildings designed by Alfred Waterhouse (where the University of Manchester remains today), and the creation of chairs in engineering and economics, all of which transformed Owens College. The appointment of Osborne Reynolds to the new Chair of Engineering, and Stanley Jevons to the new Chair of Logic and Mental and Moral Philosophy and Political Economy, reflected Roscoe’s advocacy of a university linking academia with local commercial and manufacturing businesses. In the heated debates over university status among academics, industrialists, and parliamentarians, Roscoe’s forthright stance steered Owens College toward becoming the first college of the federal Victoria University in 1880. Roscoe was also a passionate promoter of women studying in higher education, obtaining degrees, and entering the professions.
Securing Britain’s Economic Future
Authors: Morris Peter J.T. , Reed Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Following the International Exhibition in Paris in 1867, concern grew in Britain about the country’s position as the world’s most advanced industrial nation, prompting the government to initiate a series of Select Committees and Royal Commissions to which Roscoe contributed. Roscoe gave evidence to the Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science (Devonshire Commission) (1870) and the Select Committee on Scientific Instruction (Samuelson Committee) (1881). These were followed by an increasing focus on technical education, and in 1881 Roscoe was appointed to the Royal Commission on Technical Instruction (Samuelson Commission); for his services to the Samuelson Commission, Roscoe was awarded a knighthood in 1884. Unfortunately, the recommendations from these inquiries were very largely not acted upon by the government of the time.
What Is Qualitative Research?
Authors: Gullion Jessica Smartt 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQualitative research methods treat non-numeric empirical materials as data. In other words, Qualitative researchers use words, images, sounds, video, and other data that have not been reduced to numbers to understand some research question of interest. This chapter explores what qualitative research entails and why researchers might want to employ its methods. It begins with a brief history of the emergence of qualitative inquiry. Next, the chapter addresses some of the common misconceptions about qualitative research. It then transitions to an overview of ontology (what is reality) and epistemology (how a person knows a thing) and discusses why understanding one’s own ontological and epistemological preferences is important when approaching how one conducts research. The chapter reviews the use of theory, which is followed by a discussion of decolonizing research.
Interviewing
Authors: Gullion Jessica Smartt 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Interviewing is the cornerstone of most qualitative research. Researchers ask people questions and they answer them, and through that interaction researchers learn about a phenomenon of interest. This conversation is (or at least should be) largely one-sided, with the participant doing the majority of the talking. Good interviewing is a skill that can be developed, and the ability to conduct interviews well is one of the best tools researchers can have in their qualitative toolbox. This chapter discusses how to conduct interviews, different types of interviews (structured, semistructured, and unstructured), how to create a questionnaire, and tips for better interviewing.
Emerging Infections
Authors: Barrett Ron , Zuckerman Molly , Dudgeon Matthew Ryan , Armelagos George J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This book traces the social and environmental determinants of human infectious diseases from the Paleolithic to the present day. Contrary to earlier predictions of disease eradication by the 21st Century, the world new faces outbreaks of new, virulent, and drug resistant diseases such as Ebola, COVID-19, MDRTB, and highly pathogenic influenza viruses. While many of these pathogens are novel to our species, but their primary determinants are quite ancient; they are driven by the human activities of subsistence, settlement, and social organization that have persisted throughout the last ten thousand years. Approaching these activities from a biocultural perspective, this book examines the prehistory and history of human infectious diseases. Much has happened in the decade since the first edition, with significant developments in both disease research and in the evolution of the diseases themselves. As such, this new edition has been expanded to include recent pandemics and the latest research in multiple disciplines. More than collection of disease facts, this book examines the global challenge of emerging infections from a deep-time perspective and provides it with a much-needed explanatory framework. Serving as both an accessible textbook and an original synthesis of interdisciplinary scholarship, Emerging Infections is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduates, and researchers in the medical social sciences, public health, and the history of medicine. The book will also appeal to a more general readership with an interest in public health and infectious diseases.
Skirmishes in Princeton
Authors: Baggott Jim , Heilbron John L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
When Oppenheimer was drawn to Los Alamos, his student David Bohm stepped in to co-present his Berkeley lectures on quantum mechanics. The effort led to a textbook, which Bohm published in 1951. Although inclined towards Copenhagen teachings, he remained enough of a Marxist to explore the possibility that the radical probabilities of the theory might be removed using hidden variables. The book included a detailed analysis of the EPR experiment, cast in a much more accessible form. A subsequent encounter with Einstein at Princeton led him to become interested in whether a deterministic extension of quantum theory could be found. He rediscovered a version of the mathematically equivalent but deterministic pilot wave theory. Its hidden variables were obliged to be non-local, which caused Bohm no discomfort. But Einstein did not like it, calling it ‘too cheap’. Driven from McCarthyite America, Bohm argued his case from exile in Brazil.
Passing the Torch
Authors: Baggott Jim , Heilbron John L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hugh Everett III’s attention turned to foundational questions in quantum mechanics sometime in 1954 under the indirect influence of Bohr, aided by a ‘slosh or two of sherry’. He took quantum measurement for his thesis, in which he proposed to dispense entirely with von Neumann’s discontinuous, indeterministic, and irreversible ‘collapse’. Instead, the observer ‘splits’ between states, experiencing different outcomes in each. This would later become known as the ‘many worlds’ interpretation. Attempts to bring Everett’s ideas to Copenhagen met with a barrage of criticism (‘hopelessly wrong ideas’). Everett had already left academia for the Pentagon’s Weapons Systems Evaluation Group. But death was now at work among the founders, just as the ‘Sources for History of Quantum Physics’ project sought to immortalize their struggles. Two gatherings either side of 1960 confirmed that the debate was unresolved, and reopened old hostilities with voices both familiar and refreshingly new. The torch passed on.
Epilogue
Authors: Baggott Jim , Heilbron John L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Our drama lies not only in the clash of ideas, but also in the human passions and social contexts in which the ideas were conceived, debated, refined, accepted, or rejected. Like artists and musicians, the creators of quantum mechanics approached their work with the full range of human emotions. In 2022, Clauser, Aspect, and Zeilinger were at last recognized by the Nobel institution, ‘for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science’. Their prize came exactly 100 years after those of Einstein and Bohr. Experiment moved the debate to a new level, but it has by no means removed or resolved the fundamental question. There will be no Nobel prize for an answer. That will not shut off discussion. Our drama will continue beyond our telling of it and is unlikely to reach its final scene before science ceases or the world ends.
Arts in Healthy Aging
Authors: Dewey Lambert Patricia , Blandy Doug , Wyszomirski Margaret 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Countries everywhere are under enormous pressure to provide healthy aging supports and services to their rapidly growing populations over the age of 60. The arts offer unique opportunities to be part of a system of solutions for supporting healthy lifespans throughout all stages of the aging process. For decades, the arts and culture sector in the United States has demonstrated success in supporting healthy longevity in older adults, yet the current creative aging field remains largely under-recognized, under-utilized, inadequately resourced, and incompletely structured. Arts in Healthy Aging is a comprehensive study of why and how purposefully designed programs that engage the visual, performing, and literary arts can support the health and well-being of older adults. This book argues that it is the right time for the American arts and aging movement to restructure itself as a national network and advocacy coalition across four domains: the arts, health, aging, and lifelong learning. Building on decades of published research, government documents, and program models, the book provides historical perspectives, new theoretical approaches, analytical models, resources for researchers and practitioners, and pathways forward for advancing the interdisciplinary arts in healthy aging field of scholarship and practice. Although focused on the United States, the discussion of policies and practices is relevant and applicable to other countries as appropriate to their specific contexts.
How the Arts Support Health and Well-Being Outcomes in Older Adults
Authors: Lambert Patricia Dewey , Blandy Doug , Wyszomirski Margaret J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
“How the Arts Support Health and Well-Being Outcomes in Older Adults” provides an array of analytical models to support arts in healthy aging program design. The chapter begins with discussing the sociocultural context of older adults’ health and well-being, as well as basic concepts and theories regarding human development in late life. This material leads to an analysis of diverse motivations that older adults may have to choose to participate in creative aging programs and activities, as well as how the arts support distinct health and well-being outcomes in all phases of the natural aging process. Crucial information is provided for identifying inputs, outputs, and outcomes for creative aging programs. The chapter concludes with a robust presentation of basic design elements that can be manipulated for developing an array of arts in healthy aging programs intended to support specific health and well-being outcomes.
Older Adults, Community Arts Participation, and Age-Friendliness
Authors: Lambert Patricia Dewey , Blandy Doug , Wyszomirski Margaret J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
“Older Adults, Community Arts Participation, and Age-Friendliness” brings the concepts, theories, and recommendations from the preceding two chapters to life in discussing community-based organizations’ arts programs for healthy aging. This chapter investigates arts programs and services for older adults, which are provided as either a primary or a secondary focus of community-based organizations of various kinds, especially in the community arts field. The chapter discusses barriers to participation that arise from ageism, ableism, and the recent challenges of COVID-19. The chapter emphasizes strategies for developing person-centered approaches to participation and for contributing to an age-friendly community infrastructure. This chapter culminates in a robust set of questions that advocates for arts in healthy aging can ask to support the design, planning, implementation, and evaluation of arts-based programs for older adults that are provided in America’s communities.
Advancing Public Policy and Professional Practice for the Arts in Healthy Aging
Authors: Lambert Patricia Dewey , Blandy Doug , Wyszomirski Margaret J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
“Advancing Public Policy and Professional Practice for the Arts in Healthy Aging” builds on the previous nine chapters of this book to develop concrete recommendations to advance the arts in healthy aging field. After summarizing the major arguments made throughout the book, this chapter articulates four main research findings from our study on the current state of creative aging policy and practice in America. The chapter then turns to specific recommendations for activating an effective national network and advocacy coalition as a restructured arts in healthy aging ecosystem across the domains of the arts, health, aging, and lifelong learning. The chapter concludes with developing a new logic model for activating the authors’ 8Ps Framework for Arts in Healthy Aging.
Introduction
Authors: Simon Hendrik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The introductory chapter provides the rationale for the book and its main arguments. It presents the prevailing thesis that sovereign states enjoyed a ‘free right to go to war’ (liberum ius ad bellum) before the early twentieth century, and outlines how this thesis is deconstructed in the book. The chapter offers preliminary insights on the book’s structure and its theoretical and methodological foundations: the alleged political arbitrariness of states’ decisions to wage war in the nineteenth century can be refuted through a historical analysis of war justifications in political practice and normative theory. At the same time, this genealogy of modern war justifications enables identification of the context in which the myth of liberum ius ad bellum emerged. The result is the hitherto untold story about war, normativity, and the birth of modern international order, in two parts, which are outlined in more detail in the chapter’s concluding remarks.