bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Bad Is Depression? Preference Score Estimates from Depressed Patients and the General Population
Authors: Pyne Jeffrey M. , Fortney John C. , Tripathi Shanti , Feeny David , Ubel Peter , Brazier John 
Published: April 2009

Objective.To compare depression health state preference scores across four groups: (1) general population, (2) previous history of depression but not currently depressed, (3) less severe current depression, and (4) more severe current depression.Data Sources.Primary data were collected from 95 general population, 163 primary care, and 83 specialty mental health subjects.Study Design.Stratified sampling frames were used to recruit general population and patient subjects. Subjects completed cross‐sectional surveys. Key variables included rating scale and standard gamble scores assigned to depression health state descriptions developed from the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and SF‐12.Data Collection/Extraction Methods.Each subject completed an in‐person interview. Forty‐nine subjects completed test/retest reliability interviews.Principal Findings.Depressed patient preference scores for three of six SF‐12 depression health states were significantly lower than the general population using the rating scale and two of six were significantly lower using standard gamble. Depressed patient scores for five of six PHQ‐9 depression health states were significantly lower than the general population using the rating scale and two of six were significantly lower using standard gamble.Conclusions.Depressed patients report lower preference scores for depression health states than the general population. In effect, they perceived depression to be worse than the general public perceived it to be. Additional research is needed to examine the implications for cost‐effectiveness ratios using general population preference scores versus depressed patient preference scores.
Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade caused by intrapericardial granulation tissue in a dog
Authors: Parra Joshua L. , Mears Erick A. , Borde Davin J. , Levy Mark S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective
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To describe and report successful surgical management of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade in a dog caused by intrapericardial granulation tissue.Case Summary
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An 8‐month‐old, intact male, Greater Swiss Mountain Dog was referred for cardiac evaluation following 2 weeks of progressive lethargy, abdominal distention, and difficulty breathing. On the day of presentation, the dog had an episode of acute collapse. A 14‐cm multilocular pericardial cystic lesion causing collapse of the right atrial free wall and resulting in pericardial tamponade was observed on echocardiogram. After the dog subsequently experienced two acute episodes of pericardial effusion, a subtotal pericardectomy was performed and clinical signs resolved. The histopathologic diagnosis of the mass was inflammation and granulation tissue, likely caused by a resolving hematoma or abscess.New or Unique Information Provided
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This is the first report of intrapericardial granulation tissue as the cause of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade.
ASDIN: Banding of Hemodialysis Access to Treat Hand Ischemia or Cardiac Overload
Authors: Van Hoek Frank , Scheltinga Marc , Luirink Martin , Pasmans Huub , Beerenhout Charles 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA hemodialysis access may lead to cardiac overload (CO) or hand ischemia [hemodialysis access induced distal ischemia (HAIDI). Surgical banding restricts access flow and promotes distal perfusion. Aim of the study was to investigate short‐ and long‐term clinical success of banding in these patient groups. After evaluation using a standard protocol, banding procedures (n = 19) were performed in patients (n = 17) with a hemodialysis access flow ≥2 l/minute or with refractory HAIDI. Various parameters including access flow, digital brachial index (DBI), and symptomatology of hand ischemia using a standard scoring system were determined before and after the operation. Surgical banding in CO patients (n = 9) lowered access flows by 2 l (Flowpreop 3.2 ± 0.3 l/minute vs. Flowpostop 1.2 ± 0.1 l/minute, p < 0.001). Banding in HAIDI patients (n = 10) increased DBI from 0.52 ± 0.08 to 0.65 ± 0.08 (p = 0.05), whereas ischemic symptomatology was attenuated (153 ± 33 to 42 ± 15, p < 0.02). All patients successfully continued dialysis, and immediate access occlusions (<3 months) were not observed. Access flows remained at acceptable levels after a mean follow‐up of 30 months in surviving patients (n = 11, flow: 1.0 ± 0.1 l/min). Two patients were reoperated for recurrent CO (one and 28 months postoperatively). Surgical banding monitored by measurement of flow and finger pressures is an effective short‐ and long‐term treatment modality for hemodialysis access related CO or distal ischemia.
ASDIN: An Interesting Case: Bilateral Superior Vena Cava in a Patient with End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Orija Abiodun , Rajan James , Degenhard Anthony 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA left superior vena cava, which is present in 0.5% of the population, is the result of persistence of the embryonic left anterior cardinal vein and is usually considered a normal variant. We present our experience of an incidental discovery of bilateral superior vena cava during routine evaluation of suspected intra‐fistula stenosis in a dialysis‐dependent patient with end stage renal disease. Our images were consistent with a left‐sided venous structure draining into the heart with an independent right side superior vena cava as evidenced by fluoroscopy. There was also evidence of a 60% intra‐fistula stenosis. To conclude, twin superior vena cava may be present as draining vessels independent of each other or as part of a duplicate caval drainage. While cases of persistent left superior vena cava have been associated with disturbances of cardiac impulse formation and conduction no such significant associations have been found in patients with bilateral superior vena cava. However, the variant anatomy may confound efforts during central venous catheterization as well as alter flow characteristics, such that one could postulate that the anatomy may also affect the maturation of an arteriovenous fistula.
High‐Alcohol Preferring Mice Are More Impulsive Than Low‐Alcohol Preferring Mice as Measured in the Delay Discounting Task
Authors: Oberlin B. G. , Grahame N. J. 
Published: April 2009

Background: Repeated studies have shown that high impulsivity, when defined as the tendency to choose small immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards, is more prevalent in drug addicts and alcoholics when compared with nonaddicts. Assessing whether impulsivity precedes and potentially causes addiction disorders is difficult in humans because they all share a history of drug use. In this study, we address this question by testing alcohol‐naïve mice from lines showing heritable differences in alcohol intake.Methods: Replicated selected lines of outbred high‐alcohol preferring (HAP) mice were compared to a low‐alcohol preferring (LAP) line as well as the low‐drinking progenitor line (HS/Ibg) on an adjusting amount delay discounting (DD) task. The DD task employs 2 levers to present subjects with a choice between a small, immediate and a large, delayed saccharin reward. By adjusting the quantity of the immediate reward up and down based on choice behavior, the task allows an estimate of how the subjective value of the delayed reinforcer decreases as delays increase. Latency to respond was also measured for each trial.Results: Both HAP2 and HAP1 lines of mice were more impulsive than the LAP2 and HS/Ibg lines, respectively. Hyperbolic curve‐fitting confirmed steeper discounting in the high‐alcohol drinking lines. In addition, the high‐alcohol drinking lines demonstrated greater within‐session increases in reaction times relative to the low‐alcohol drinking lines. No other differences (consumption of saccharin, total trials completed) consistently mapped onto genetic differences in alcohol drinking.Conclusions: Alcohol‐naïve outbred mice selected for high‐alcohol drinking were more impulsive with saccharin reinforcers than low‐alcohol drinkers. These data are consistent with results seen using inbred strain descendents of high‐alcohol drinking and low‐alcohol drinking rat lines, and suggest that impulsivity is a heritable difference that precedes alcoholism.
Risk Factors for Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompetent Seniors
Authors: Jackson Michael L. , Nelson Jennifer C. , Jackson Lisa A. 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for developing community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in seniors.DESIGN: Nested case‐control study.SETTING: Group Health, a health maintenance organization in Washington state.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand one hundred seventy‐three immunocompetent seniors with CAP and 2,346 age‐ and sex‐matched controls, sampled during influenza seasons and pre‐influenza periods of 2000/01 and 2002/03. CAP cases were presumptively identified according to diagnosis codes assigned to outpatient and inpatient encounters and validated according to review of chest radiograph reports or medical records.MEASUREMENTS: Medical records were used to assess body mass, the presence and severity of cardiopulmonary and other chronic diseases, and the presence of functional or cognitive impairments. Use of prescription medications and inpatient, outpatient, and home medical services were identified from administrative databases.RESULTS: Independent predictors of CAP include the presence and severity of cardiopulmonary disease, low weight and recent weight loss, and poor functional status; 42.0% of pneumonia cases can be attributed to underlying cardiopulmonary disease.CONCLUSION: Seniors with cardiopulmonary disease, poor functional status, low weight, or recent weight loss have a greater risk of developing CAP. Preventative efforts should be targeted toward these individuals.
Development of the Risk Appraisal Measure: A Brief Screen to Identify Risk Areas and Guide Interventions for Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Czaja Sara J. , Gitlin Laura N. , Schulz Richard , Zhang Song , Burgio Louis D. , Stevens Alan B. , Nichols Linda O. , Gallagher‐Thompson Dolores 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a brief screening measure for use in research, healthcare, and community settings to systematically assess well‐being and identify needed areas of support for caregivers of patients with dementia.DESIGN: This study used data from Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH II), a multisite randomized clinical trial of a behavioral intervention designed to improve the quality of life of caregivers in multiple domains.SETTING: REACH II.PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred twelve Hispanic, 211 black, and 219 white family caregivers providing in‐home care to patients with dementia.MEASUREMENT: Based on conceptual and psychometric analyses, a 16‐item measure was developed that assesses six domains linked to caregiver risk and amenable to intervention: depression, burden, self‐care and health behaviors, social support, safety, and patient problem behaviors. The reliability and validity of the instrument was evaluated with 642 dementia caregiver dyads from the REACH II program.RESULTS: The measure was found to have acceptable internal consistency for a multidimensional scale and similar measurement properties for each of the racial and ethnic groups. Concurrent validity was also demonstrated for the measure.CONCLUSION: The REACH Risk Appraisal Measure developed in this study shows promise as an assessment tool that can be used in research, clinical, and community settings to guide, prioritize, and target needed areas of support for caregivers of patients with dementia.
Color Difference Thresholds of Maxillofacial Skin Replications
Authors: Paravina Rade D. , Majkic Goran , Del Mar Perez Maria , Kiat‐amnuay Sudarat 
Published: April 2009

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for color differences in light and dark skin‐colored maxillofacial elastomers. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 pairs of light specimens (mimicking white, Asian, and Hispanic skin) and 15 pairs of dark specimens (mimicking African‐American skin) were made using skin‐colored maxillofacial silicone elastomers, combined with opacifiers and pigments. Color match/mismatch and acceptable/unacceptable mismatch of each pair of specimens were visually evaluated by 45 evaluators under controlled conditions of a viewing booth. Color differences were calculated using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulae. After calculating the model parameters, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were analyzed. Repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were used in a statistical analysis (α= 0.05) Results: CIELAB/CIEDE2000 perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for light specimens were 1.1/0.7 and 3.0/2.1, respectively. Corresponding values for dark specimens were 1.6/1.2 and 4.4/3.1, respectively. Differences in primary specimen color and type of threshold were found to be significant (p < 0.001). Only the primary specimen color effect was found to be significant in AUC comparisons. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both main effects of threshold type (perceptibility and acceptability) and primary color (light and dark) on 50:50% color‐difference thresholds of colored maxillofacial elastomers were found significant for both color‐difference formulae used (CIELAB, CIEDE2000). In addition, significant interaction between the two main effects was found, indicating a stronger effect of skin type on acceptability than perceptibility thresholds. Primary specimen color (light vs. dark) was found to be the only significant main effect on the AUC of ROC curves constructed from logistic regression.
Effect of Incorporation of Disinfectant Solutions on Setting Time, Linear Dimensional Stability, and Detail Reproduction in Dental Stone Casts
Authors: Lucas Matheus Guilherme , Arioli‐Filho João Neudenir , Nogueira Sergio Sualdini , Batista André Ulisses Dantas , Pereira Rodrigo De Paula 
Published: April 2009

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this paper was to analyze the influence of incorporation of disinfectants during the cast die stone‐setting time. Setting time, linear dimensional stability, and reproduction details on casts were measured. Materials and Methods: Die stone type IV specimens with disinfection solutions (sodium hypochlorite 1%, glutaraldehyde 2%, chlorhexidine 2%) were incorporated in two concentrations (50%, 100%). The detail reproduction, dimensional stability, and setting time were tested in accordance with ADA recommendations. Results: Disinfecting solutions promoted an increase in setting time compared to control; sodium hypochlorite was responsible for the highest setting time. The addition of undiluted sodium hypochlorite 1.0% led to contraction during setting, but the groups with 50% diluted sodium hypochlorite 1.0% and undiluted chlorhexidine 2.0% resulted in intermediate values compared to the other groups, thus matching the control. The others did not demonstrate any effect on expansion. For detail reproduction, it was observed that the control group presented results similar to the others, except those where sodium hypochlorite was added. Conclusions The addition of sodium hypochlorite in both dilutions significantly altered, negatively, all the evaluated properties. But the addition of glutaraldehyde and chlorhexidine did not promote any significant alterations in the evaluated properties.
Retrospective analysis of autologous blood use in bimaxillary repositioning osteotomy surgery: a quality improvement study
Authors: Böttger Sebastian , Streckbein Philipp , Hartmann Bernd , Schaaf Heidrun , Howaldt Hans Peter , Junger Axel 
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have considered the necessity of preoperative autologous blood donation before bimaxillary orthognathic osteotomies. In the context of a quality improvement project, this topic was also investigated in our institution. Furthermore, the transfusion practice was analyzed and the correlations between patient, operative variables, and blood loss were studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In accordance with the recommendations of the Federal Medical Association and the Federal Ministry for Health and Social Security, a transfusion demand list was compiled using data of 82 patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery between 1997 and 2005. The maximum blood loss tolerable without transfusion (MBL) was calculated for each patient on the basis of sex, weight, height, and preoperative hematocrit (Hct). This was compared with the actual transfusion and blood loss data.RESULTS: An autologous blood donation was carried out in 65 of 82 patients (79.3%). Sixty‐two of 65 autologous blood donors (95.4%) and 2 of 17 patients (11.8%) without autologous blood donation received transfusion. The actual blood loss did not exceed the calculated MBL in 48 of the 82 cases. Nevertheless, 31 of these 48 patients (64.6%) received transfusions. For patients with a low calculated MBL, only a trend to a higher transfusion rate was observed, although the actual blood loss in these cases more often exceeded the individually calculated MBL (p < 0.01). In addition, transfusion triggers (Hct ≤0.22 or hemoglobin ≤7.5 g/dL) were also more often seen in cases with low calculated MBL (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: In this study, an inappropriate transfusion practice in patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic osteotomies after preoperative autologous blood donation was detected. Calculation of the individual MBL should be used to help identify patients at high risk for transfusion and guide adequate methods to decrease the need of homologous blood.
Immunophenotypical, morphologic, and functional characterization of maturation‐associated plasmacytoid dendritic cell subsets in normal adult human bone marrow
Authors: Martín‐Martín Lourdes , Almeida Julia , Hernández‐Campo Pilar María , Sánchez María Luz , Lécrevisse Quentin , Orfao Alberto 
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND: Information about maturation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors (pre‐pDCs) in normal bone marrow (BM) remains limited.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Immunophenotypical, morphologic, and functional changes associated with maturation of pre‐pDCs were analyzed in adult normal human BM (n = 45).RESULTS: Three pre‐pDC maturation stages, with an increasingly higher degree of maturity, were systematically identified: CD34++/HLA‐DR++/+++/CD123++/CD45+/++ (Stage I), CD34+/HLA‐DR+/++/CD123++/+++/CD45+/++ (Stage II), and CD34−/HLA‐DR++/CD123++/+++/CD45++ (Stage III) cells. Lymphoid‐ and early myeloid‐associated molecules, as well as CD86, were coexpressed in Stage I pre‐pDCs, being down regulated afterward. CD304 and CD85j appeared in Stage I, progressively increasing their levels thereafter. Interestingly, cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen was heterogeneously expressed throughout the maturation, particularly in Stage I pre‐pDCs. The morphologic appearance of Stage I pre‐pDCs was consistent with their undifferentiated stage, while Stage II/III cells showed morphologic features of more differentiated cells. From the functional point of view, only Stage II and Stage III pre‐pDCs were capable of inducing allogeneic T‐cell proliferation, the later subset also showing interferon‐γ secretion; in contrast, Stage I pre‐pDCs showed the highest endocytic ability.CONCLUSION: In summary, three maturation stages of pre‐pDCs can be identified in adult normal BM, which show unique phenotypical, morphologic, and functional characteristics; these results provide a frame of reference for a better understanding of pDC malignancies.
Long‐term cryopreservation of autologous stem cell grafts: a clinical and experimental study of hematopoietic and immunocompetent cells
Authors: Liseth Knut , Ersvær Elisabeth , Abrahamsen Jenny Foss , Nesthus Ingerid , Ryningen Anita , Bruserud Øystein 
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is used in the treatment of several malignancies. Harvesting sufficient peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) for a potential second autotransplantation at the time of relapse several years after diagnosis is becoming an increasingly common practice.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Cryopreserved PBPCs were prepared with different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 2, 4, 5, and 10%) and stored for at least 5 years before the recovery of CD34+ cells and various T‐ and natural killer (NK)‐cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, clinical variables for myeloma patients having a second autotransplantation with long‐term‐stored autografts were evaluated.RESULTS: The number of viable CD34+ cells in long‐term‐stored grafts was higher when autografts were cryopreserved with 4 or 5% than with 2 and 10% DMSO. The number of viable CD34+ cells was reduced by 13.9% after 5 years of cryostorage in 5% DMSO. Lymphocyte viability was also higher with 4 or 5% DMSO. However, the frequencies of several T‐cell subsets showed DMSO‐dependent differences, whereas NK‐cell subsets did not. Furthermore, after a second autotransplantation with long‐term‐stored PBPC grafts at the time of myeloma relapse (median storage time, 42 months) all 17 patients reached neutrophil counts exceeding 0.5 × 109/L and platelet counts exceeding 20 × 109/L within 15 days. There was no difference in engraftment between patients receiving autografts preserved with 5 and 10% DMSO.CONCLUSION: PBPC autografts can safely be stored for at least 5 years in 5% DMSO and used for ASCT.
The Correlation Structure of Unexpected Returns in U.S. Equities
Authors: Balyeat R. Brian , Muthuswamy Jayaram 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe examine the correlations between unexpected market moves and unexpected equity portfolio moves conditional on market performance. We derive unexpected returns from a two‐stage regime switching model. The model allows for time‐varying expected returns where the market portfolio alone dictates the regime switching process. Portfolios exhibit a natural hedge where correlations during extreme unexpected market downturns are generally negative. During unexpected market upswings, correlations increase. Using the unconditional analysis would lead to overhedging during market downturns and underhedging during market upswings. The adjustments to the unconditional hedging strategy conditional on extreme market movements frequently exceed ±10%.
NF‐κB regulation: the nuclear response
Authors: Mankan Arun K. , Lawless Matthew W. , Gray Steven G. , Kelleher Dermot , McManus Ross 
Published: April 2009

Introduction
Activation of NF‐κB
Regulators of NF‐κB activation
Nuclear regulation of NF‐κB
B cell lymphoma 3 (Bcl‐3)
Post‐translational modification of NF‐κB complex in the nucleus
Phosphorylation
Nuclear regulators of NF‐κB: potential molecular chaperones
Conclusion

AbstractNuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) is an inducible transcription factor that tightly regulates the expression of a large cohort of genes. As a key component of the cellular machinery NF‐κB is involved in a wide range of biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, cellular stress responses, cell adhesion, apoptosis and proliferation. Appropriate regulation of NF‐κB is critical for the proper function and survival of the cell. Aberrant NF‐κB activity has now been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Systems governing NF‐κB activity are complex and there is an increased understanding of the importance of nuclear events in regulating NF‐κB's activities as a transcription factor. A number of novel nuclear regulators of NF‐κB such as IκB‐ζ and PDZ and LIM domain 2 (PDLIM2) have now been identified, adding another layer to the mechanics of NF‐κB regulation. Further insight into the functions of these molecules raises the prospect for better understanding and rational design of therapeutics for several important diseases.