bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carefree and injury prone young people: results from Finnish National Victimisation survey 2003–2006
Authors: Haikonen K , Markkula J , Lounamaa A 
Published: March 2011

issueVictimisation surveys are used to compare 15–24-year-olds with 25–64-year-olds in terms of proportion injured and fear of injury.MethodsNational victimisation surveys are interview studies in which a systematic random sample of the Finnish population older than 15 years is interviewed about injuries, violence and crimes. The surveys have been conducted mainly by telephone in 1980, 1988, 1993, 1997, 2003, 2006 and 2009. Data from 2003 to 2006 were merged (n=13553) to obtain high precision to the estimates while still being fairly up-to-date. The proportions of people injured during past year in sports, traffic, home or leisure-time injuries or at least somewhat worried of being injured or violently victimised were estimated in both young (15–24-year-olds, n=2574) and the rest of the working age population (25–64-year-olds, n=10979). Logistic regression models were used to assess the significances of the differences.ResultsOf 15–24-year-olds 13.5% (5.5% of 25–64-year-olds, OR 2.68, p<0.001) sustained at least one sports injury, 3.3% (1.2% of 25–64-year-olds, OR 2.89, p<0.001) sustained injury in traffic accident and 5.6% (5.2% of 25–64-year-olds, OR 1.08, p=0.45) sustained injury in home or leisure-time accident.Of 15–24-year-olds 45% (59% of 25–64-year-olds, OR 0.56, p<0.001) were worried about getting into a traffic accident, 20% (27% of 25–64-year-olds, OR 0.64, p<0.001) were worried about sustaining home or leisure-time injury and 33% (35% of 25–64-year-olds, OR 0.92, p=0.08) were worried about becoming a victim of violence.ConclusionsYoung people show much greater proneness to accidents but worry less about them. Further research should be targeted accordingly.
Injury prevention in team handball compilation and evaluation of prevention measures in European countries
Authors: Luig P , Henke T 
Published: March 2011

Two million EU citizens are active handball players. Thus, handball is one of the most popular and most widespread team sports in Europe. Considering diverging injury definitions the incidence of an injury in handball is around 2/1000 h. In competition the incidence is about 10 times higher than in training, depending on age, gender and performance level. The necessity of effective prevention measures is therefore absolutely perspicuous, but despite this fact experience has shown, that injury prevention is quite an unpopular term.First, an up-to-date inventory of EU-wide existing prevention measures was accomplished by browsing scientific and non-scientific databases and search engines. Furthermore, accredited handball-experts in the fields of coaching, sports medicine, sports science and injury prevention were asked to review the compiled list in view of completeness. Finally, 75 preventive recommendations, that had been identified, were expert-reviewed again to determine the quality. An online evaluation tool was developed, sampling the experts position towards the presented ideas – not only regarding the pure effectivity of a measure but also the acceptance and the applicability within the handball community.A subdivision of preventive approaches into (1) training (programmes), (2) technical/political strategies, (3) (protective) equipment/facilities, (4) medical/non-medical support and (5) multi-faceted approaches became obvious. The experts consensus revealed that sustainable prevention can only be attained when the applied measures find favour with active players and coaches. Thus, training programmes with athletic, coordinative and proprioceptive contents, considering the epidemiology and tailored to the demands of handball, may provide the biggest opportunities in reducing injuries.
Systems saving lives: a structured review of trauma systems and their impact on mortality
Authors: Harrington A M , Nathens A B , Yanchar N , Tamim H , Pike I , Macpherson A K 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundFor Canadians under the age of 45, injury is the leading cause of death and remains the leading cause of potential years of life lost for those up to the age of 70. Coordination of health services, particularly trauma systems, has the potential to improve treatment and management of the victims. Some research has suggested that trauma systems are associated with a reduction in preventable deaths for injured patients, a reduction in gross mortality, and a reduction in motor vehicle-collision mortality. With the support for the regionalisation of trauma services growing information regarding the effectiveness of trauma systems themselves is key.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of trauma systems in reducing mortality.MethodsWe will use the method outlined by the Cochrane Collaboration, and conduct a systematic review of the literature using the following key words: Trauma systems, mortality and injury. To date, 1665 potential articles have been identified including 200 review articles. Articles are currently being screened and will be reviewed when they include relevant evidence regarding traumas systems and mortality for both the adult and paediatric populations.RelevanceThis work will provide information to inform policies related to the development and maintenance of trauma systems.
Suicide contagion in France: an epidemiologic study
Authors: Queinec R , Benjamin C , Beitz C , Lagarde E , Encrenaz G 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundWerther effect is a type of suicide contagion by which the media coverage following the suicide of a famous person entails a significant increase in the number of suicides. Our objective was to determine whether such an effect had been already experienced in France, where the phenomenon has never been documented. Our hypothesis was that there was a significant increase in the national number of suicides following (+1 month) a celebrity suicide.MethodsWe obtained French daily data on suicides from 1979 to 2006 from the CepiDC (INSERM). We selected the six most famous celebrities whose suicide occurred within this period. They were those whose name appeared at least 100 000 times in a popular web search engine. Data were analysed using the Seasonal ARIMA model.ResultsPierre Beregovoy (politician) and Kurt Cobain (musician) suicides were followed by a significant increase in the number of suicides in the French general population (+17.7% and +9.2% respectively). Dalida (singer) suicide had a significant effect among people aged from 45 to 59 only and Soeur Sourire (singer) suicide among women only. No effect was found after Nino Ferrer (singer) and Gilles Deleuze (philosopher) suicides. Some of these suicides were strongly covered by the media; a qualitative analysis showed that, in most of cases, media did not follow the existing guidelines about suicide report.DiscussionSuicide contagion description and comprehension can help us to lead preventive actions, and to raise medias awareness of the existing guidelines.
New death notification form and training in the United Arab Emirates as improved sources of data on injury and other main causes
Authors: Barss P , Grivna M , Al-Dhaheri A , Harrison O 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionInsufficient clarity in death notification forms, together with insufficient training, contributed to invalid reporting and ranking of underlying causes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A 2006 regional study found 10% of deaths incorrectly described by physicians with underlying cause as cardiac arrest, resulting in misclassification. Chart review increased injury, cancer and diabetes mortality, while cardiovascular dropped from first to third. Hence it was clear reporting could be improved.MethodsUniversity and government professionals in the large Abu Dhabi emirate collaborated in early 2007 to develop a research-based death notification form and provide reporting workshops for hospital physicians and public health professionals. Check-box data fields were pre-coded with ICD-10-WHO codes. For injury, supplementary information included intent, external cause and location, and if traffic-related, road user type and safety devices such as restraints or helmets. Product or chemical-related deaths were documented. A pilot in the region of the original study led to emirate-wide revisions. Proportional mortality was later reassessed.ResultsThe pilot found significant improvement in reporting by physicians and public health professionals. Throughout the Emirate, health priorities were reordered with injury accounting for 23% of deaths and the leading cause in 2007. However, during 2008 there was significant resurgence in reported cardiovascular deaths.ConclusionImproved death reporting forms and training were associated with improved reporting of main causes including injury and reduced use of inappropriate underlying causes. Nonetheless, skilled monitoring is needed to sustain improvements in rapidly developing countries with high turnover of clinical and public health staff.
Addressing the inadequacies of Nigeria's national vehicle visibility scheme for enhanced safety
Authors: David O , Ojugbana C C , Obinna K , Ifeanyi A 
Published: March 2011

Statement of PurposeDue to increasing road crashes at nights, the Nigerian road safety regulating agency, implemented a scheme that requires all vehicles to carry retro reflective stickers at their back bumper. The scheme in its 6-month period of implementation has been greeted with skepticisms.ObjectiveThis research seeks to investigate the Nigerian national vehicle visibility scheme, examine the threats and make recommendations.MethodA 2-week study was carried out on three major highways; a total stretch of 282 km. Scheme compliance was recorded and visibility of the retro reflective stickers was monitored at nights. Interviews were conducted in 20 commercial motor parks. 300 questionnaires were randomly distributed.Summary of ResultsData obtained were analysed statistically. It showed scheme compliance of 58–80%. 36% of respondents agreed that theft of stickers was a major threat. 35% of respondents stated that the quality of the stickers depreciated. 86% agreed that the stickers were very useful at nights but 67% agreed that the stickers were of no value to them during daytime. 58% of the vehicles examined had stickers with very poor reflective features.ConclusionThe scheme makes huge contribution towards reducing road casualties. To minimise theft and enhance usefulness of stickers at daytime, registration numbers of vehicles and relevant road safety messages should be embossed on stickers. For quality control, all materials used should meet specific type certification. Scheme when reviewed can be replicated in other developing countries with night visibility problems on the roads.
Risk factors and possible interventions for injury severity of five types of rural road crashes
Authors: Ewert U , Eberling P 
Published: March 2011

In Switzerland more than 50% of all road fatalities occur on rural roads. Five different types of crashes (head-on collisions, collisions with roadside obstacles, collisions at intersections, crashes without collisions, collisions with pedestrians) are analysed with regard to the risk factors for being fatally or severely injured versus being slightly or not injured.Five logistic regressions of the police accident statistics lead to 21 risk factors, among them type of vehicle, use of seat belt or helmet, alcohol use, type of roadside obstacles, type of road, age and gender, etc.About 25–40% of the variance could be explained, depending on the type of crash.Several recommendations for the reduction of the risk factors were derived and will be presented. They relate to road construction, behaviour change and police enforcement.
Prevalence and determinants of violence against emergency medical care providers in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Siddiqui E U , Ejaz K , Razzak J A , Shehzad M U , Jamali S 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundViolence against healthcare workers is a growing problem. About 9% to 49.5% violence has been reported from different parts of the world. Healthcare providers in emergency departments throughout the world are exposed to workplace violence.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and determinants of workplace violence against emergency care providers in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsThe study was conducted in emergency departments of four tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. Interviews after written consent were conducted with physicians, registered nurses, nursing aids, porters, guards, unit receptionists and housekeepers. Stratified cluster sampling was adapted.ResultsOf 384 respondents, 250 (65%) were males. Of all, 274(71%) reported verbal abuse, 72(20%) reported physical abuse within last 1 year. Physical abuse was equally faced in both private and public hospitals. Weapons were involved in 31(41%) cases of physical attack. Of all respondents, 96(35%) females suffered verbal abuse compared with 23(30%) who faced physical violence. Of 76 respondents, 24 (32%) felt useless to report the incident to the authorities. Working as a physician (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.06 to 4.02), having working experience of less than 5 years (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.05 to 5.57) and having 11 to 15 coworkers on call (OR 3.52; 95% CI 1.34 to 9.23) were identified as determinants of violence.ConclusionPhysical violence with weapon was noted in our set up, along with verbal violence. Physicians with work experience of less than 5 years are more prone to face such incidences.
School-based program for injury prevention and safety promotion in Ismailia city, Egypt
Authors: El-Sayed H , Gad S , Saied H , Gamal D 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesTo determine the pattern, risk factors and consequences of injuries among school children, and to implement an injury control program in preparatory school in Ismailia city and to evaluate its impact on the knowledge and behaviour of the students.Design cross-sectional school-based study of selected preparatory school in Ismailia city, followed by a cohort prospective school-based study to implement injury control program and to evaluate its impact.MethodologyPersonal and demographic characteristics of the recruited students and data on injuries that needed medical care or caused activity restriction during the last year were collected. Educational and training program targeting school children was developed and implemented in the chosen school, aiming at improving students' knowledge about injury prevention and first aid for injuries. The program included series of lectures, posters, video-presentations and practical injury first aid training program.ResultsThe study included 197 pupils with a mean age of 13.16+1.61 years. Incidence of injuries among school children was 35.5%. The most common external causes of injuries sustained by the children were falls (44%) and near drowning (16%). The study revealed significant lack of knowledge concerning causes, risk factors, prevention and first aid for injuries among the studies pupils. Children knowledge about these parameters improved significantly after the health promotion and training program implementation.ConclusionsThere is great need for safety promotion program for injury prevention and for injury first aid training for school children. This program should also include improvement of safety measures at schools, streets and at home.
Making the case for investing in suicide prevention interventions: estimating the economic impact of suicide and non-fatal self harm events
Authors: McDaid D , Bonin E , Park A , Hegerl U , Arensman E , Kopp M , Gusmao R 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundReducing the rate of suicide remains a key public health goal. This paper estimates the lifetime costs of suicide and non-fatal self harm events in four European countries (Germany, Hungary, Ireland and Portugal) participating in the Optimising Suicide Prevention in Europe (OSPI) project. It then looks at what level of suicide reduction would need to be achieved for an area based suicide prevention intervention to be considered cost-effective.MethodsDifferent elements of cost: direct costs (eg, police, funeral services, healthcare use), lost productivity and intangible costs of pain, grief and premature loss of life are described. Data on suicide rates and non-fatal suicide attempts, life expectancy and economic activity in Germany, Hungary, Ireland and Portugal are then used to model the lifetime costs. Decision modelling techniques are used to determine the effectiveness threshold required for a multi-level community based prevention intervention, such as that used in the OSPI project, to be considered cost-effective.ResultsThe costs of suicide are substantial and impact across sectors. The average lifetime costs of each completed suicide are around 2 million in EU countries. Increasingly policy makers want to know not only about effectiveness but also the cost effectiveness of interventions when determining how best to make use of budgets. Our analysis suggests that if an area-wide suicide prevention intervention were to achieve only a modest 1% reduction rate in the number of suicides, in most scenarios this remains highly cost-effective.
Geospatial mapping of suicide clusters in Cantebury New Zealand
Authors: Larkin G L , Beautrais A L , Xu H 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundDespite strong public and professional interest in suicide clusters, the scientific literature on this subject has been dominated by anecdotal reports. Precise definitions of suicide clusters are lacking.AimTo apply geospatial mapping methods to the problem of identifying suicide clusters.MethodsAll suicide decedents (N=918; 76% male; age range 12–100 years) that occurred in one region, Canterbury (population, 450 000) of New Zealand from 1991 to 2008, using official New Zealand Ministry of Health data. Suicides were defined by coronial verdict. Latitude and longitude coordinates for the residential street address for each decedent were geocoded using Google maps. Suicide cluster candidates were identified by SaTScan 8.0 using Kuldorffs space-time permutation model.ResultsGeospatial mapping identified nine suicide clusters involving a total of 43 decedents (4.7% of all suicides). The median age of cluster decedents was 29 years (range 15–84 years); 37.2% of cluster decedents were aged <25 years. The median number of suicides per cluster was 4 (range 3–8); the median timeframe (from index to final case) of a cluster was 83 days [range 25 days (3 suicides) to 445 days (8 suicides)]. All members within each suicide cluster were located within circles of radii<1.6 km. The minimum radius of a cluster was 97 m (4 suicides who died within 114 days); the minimum time for a cluster was 26 days (3 suicides, circle radius 261 meters).ConclusionsGeospatial mapping is a useful new approach to identify suicide clusters and develop empirically based definitions of suicide clusters.
Brain and spinal cord injury in Australia – economic cost and burden of disease
Authors: Collie A , Keating C , Pezzullo L , Gabbe B , Cooper J , Brown D , Olver J , McCartin F , Trethewey P 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundDespite rapidly increasing knowledge of the biological, physical, emotional and social impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), understanding of the economic impact of these injuries is limited.AimsDetermine the economic impact and burden of disease (BoD) of TBI and SCI in Australia. Compare the economic impact and BoD of TBI and SCI with other conditions. Model the potential impact of TBI and SCI clinical and rehabilitation strategies on the economic cost and BoD.MethodsAn incidence-based costing approach was employed, measuring the number of new cases of TBI and SCI in the base period (calendar year 2008) and the costs associated with treatment, other financial and non-financial costs over the person's lifetime.ResultsTotal costs of TBI and SCI were estimated to be $8.6 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, and accounted for 30 458 and 5090 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) respectively. The financial cost per case per year of severe TBI was higher than all comparator conditions except muscular dystrophy. Costs for quadriplegia were higher than all comparator conditions.The first CEA demonstrated that use of saline fluid resuscitation in TBI was less costly and avoided more DALYs than albumin. The second CEA demonstrated that continuous positive airway pressure for sleep disorders in quadriplegia was cost effective according to WHO criterion.ConclusionsThe financial costs and BoD associated with neurotrauma are substantial. Two clinical interventions developed in Australia with demonstrable health benefits are also cost-effective.
Injuries and wounds in elderly living in poverty conditions in Mexico
Authors: Rojo M Ma Tllez , Manrique-Espinoza B , Salinas-Rodrguez A , Campuzano J 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of injuries and wounds of Mexican elderly living in poverty conditions.Methods and MaterialsA three stages probabilistic survey, stratified by community type (rural or urban) and nationally representative was conducted. The objective population was formed by individuals with 70 years old and more, who are beneficiaries from Oportunidades program.ResultsInterviewed people average age was 78.4 years, and 56.5% were women. 61.2% of elderly are illiterate. 11% of women and 10% of men reported had suffered some injury or cut within the last 12 months. The highest proportion of reported injuries were on arms and hands (47%), followed by legs and feet (39%). 66% of these accidents happened in the elderly home, while 15% happened in a public place. Regarding burns, women presented a proportion higher than men. (3.4% vs 0.8%, respectively); burns were more frequent on arms and hands (68%). 96% happened inside the elderly home. Nevertheless, it is observed an important prevalence of elderly reporting that these accidents happened intentionally, 4% in those who suffered injuries or cuts, and 9% in those reporting some burn.ConclusionThe necessity of attention and specific interventions related to injuries and wounds of our study population, due to the vulnerability conditions, incapacity and dependency that they live in, is shown.
Diabetes in pregnancy: health risks and management
Authors: Ali Sarah , Dornhorst Anne 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTDiabetes in pregnancy is increasing and therefore it is important to raise awareness of the associated health risks to the mother, the growing fetus, and the future child. Perinatal mortality and morbidity is increased in diabetic pregnancies through increased stillbirths and congenital malformation rates. These are mainly the result of early fetal exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia. In the mother, pregnancy may lead to worsening or development of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and hypoglycaemia. This review defines pregestational and gestational diabetes and the associated health risks to the growing fetus and mother. Management is discussed, focusing on clinical evidence based guidelines published by the American Diabetic Association and the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence on the management of pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes.