bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Preparation of Quinolone and Quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Albrecht Markus , Osetska Olga , Rantanen Toni , Froehlich Roland , Bolm Carsten 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReaction of anilines with ester substrates such as (II) affords the corresponding precursors which are subjected to microwave‐promoted cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one‐5‐carboxamides
Authors: Soleymani Mousa , Memarian Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2010

Abstractvia a Zr(IV)‐catalyzed three‐component Biginelli reaction under thermal or microwave irradiation conditions
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Domino Synthesis of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones via an SNAr/Coupling/Demesylation Reaction Catalyzed by Copper(I) as Key Step.
Authors: Chen Dingben , Bao Weiliang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVarious quinoxalinones with diversity at three positions on their scaffold are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrophosphinylation of α,β‐Unsaturated N‐Acylpyrroles: Application of Dialkyl Phosphine Oxides in Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Phosphine Oxides or Phosphines.
Authors: Zhao Depeng , Mao Lijuan , Wang Yuan , Yang Dongxu , Zhang Quanliang , Wang Rui 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA variety of α,β‐unsaturated N‐acylpyrroles with aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic substituents at the double bond react with dialkyl phosphine oxides with excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroselenophene and Selenophene Derivatives by Electrophilic Cyclization of Homopropargyl Selenides.
Authors: Schumacher Ricardo F. , Rosario Alisson R. , Souza Ana Cristina G. , Menezes Paulo H. , Zeni Gilson 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDehydrogenation of the primary cyclization products affords aromatic iodoselenophenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Terpenoids from Xylaria sp. 101.
Authors: Li Yao‐Yao , Hu Zhi‐Yu , Lu Chun‐Hua , Shen Yue‐Mao 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe relative configurations of the diterpenoid xylarenolide (I), sesquiterpenoids xylaranol A (II) and B (III), and xylaranic acid (IV) are elucidated and their antimicrobial activities are evaluated against E.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Taxane from the Hard Wood of Taxus cuspidata
Authors: Yu Shu‐Hong , Zhang Man‐li , Wang Yu‐Fang , Huo Chang‐Hong , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Shi Qing‐Wen 
Published: August 2010

Abstractstructure elucidation of new 5,13‐diacetyltaxinine M‐13‐enol (I), a new taxoid metabolite with an unusual double bond between C‐13 and C‐14
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthesis of Nβ‐Fmoc/Z‐Amino Alkyl Thiols and Their Use in the Synthesis of Nβ‐Fmoc/Z‐Amino Alkyl Sulfonic Acids.
Authors: Sureshbabu V. V. , Vishwanatha T. M. , Vasantha B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStarting from N‐protected aminoalkyl iodides and thiourea, an efficient synthesis of the corresponding thiols proceeds via isothiouronium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from Penicillium spp. HS‐3, an Endophytic Fungus in Huperzia serrata.
Authors: Shan Wei‐Guang , Ying You‐Min , Yu Hai‐Ning , Liu Wen‐Hong , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe new alkaloid tryhistatin (I) is isolated together three known ones, all of which share a similar backbone.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaloids from a Deep Ocean Sediment‐Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. and their Antitumor Activities.
Authors: Du Lin , Feng Teng , Zhao Boyu , Li Dehai , Cai Shengxin , Zhu Tianjiao , Wang Fengping , Xiao Xiang , Gu Qianqun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo new meleagrin analogues meleagrin D (Ia) and E (Ib) and two new diketopiperazines roquefortine H (IIa) and I (IIb) are isolated from a deep ocean sediment‐derived fungus Penicillium sp..
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction—Diffusion Systems in Intracellular Molecular Transport and Control
Authors: Soh Siowling , Byrska Marta , Kandere‐Grzybowska Kristiana , Grzybowski Bartosz A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReview: cellular reaction‐diffusion systems, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, theory; 294 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Protein L‐Isoaspartyl/D‐Aspartyl O‐Methyltransferase (PIMT) in Intracellular Signal Transduction
Authors: Furuchi Takemitsu , Sakurako Kosugi , Katane Masumi , Sekine Masae , Homma Hiroshi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReview: 44 refs.
Simulation of Steel Refining Process in Converter
Authors: Pahlevani F. , Kitamura S. , Shibata H. , Maruoka N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSteel refining is a complex phenomenon which depends on numerous variables, so, a kinetic approach is necessary for precise understanding of the refining process. In this study, based on a previously proposed model for hot metal dephosphorization, a new simulation model for the steel refining process in BOF is presented. In most cases, steelmaking slag is saturated with dicalcium‐silicate (C2S) and it is well known that C2S forms solid solution with tricalcium‐phosphate (C3P) in a wide composition range and the partition ratio of phosphorus between C2S and liquid slag is large. On the other hand, C2S formed around the lime surface is known as a barrier to lime dissolution into liquid slag. In this simulation model not only the effect of solid phase in slag is considered but also the effects of temperature dependence of variables as well as top and bottom blowing and scrap melting are taken into account.The calculation results are compared with industrial data and the good agreement between experimental and simulation results evidence the validity of this kinetic approach to steel refining process in BOF. Moreover, by using this model the influence of various parameters on the reaction efficiency is discussed.
Reconstruction of Three‐Dimensional Dendritic Structures based on the Investigation of Microsegregation Patterns
Authors: Domitner J. , Kharicha A. , Grasser M. , Ludwig A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe shape of growing dendrites during the solidification of cast steel depends on many different parameters. This includes the casting technique, the applied cooling conditions or the casting geometry. Alloying elements such as carbon, silicon or manganese have a major influence on the solidification behaviour and therefore on the morphology of the growing dendrites. In this paper, a method is presented which enables the reconstruction of three‐dimensional dendritic structures by using concentration maps of a certain alloying element. For this purpose, a sample of a conventionally produced St52 continuous casting steel has been investigated. To determine the required two‐dimensional maps, an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA or “microprobe”) with wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) has been used. After the EPMA measurements, a commercial software tool has been utilized to process the concentration maps to three‐dimensional structures. This processing includes an iterative numerical method which allows estimating the curvature effect on the measured concentration patterns and therefore on the dendritic shape.
Protein, Lipid, Aliphatic and Triterpenic Alcohol Content of Caper Seeds “Capparis spinosa”
Authors: Tlili Nizar , El Guizani Taissir , Nasri Nizar , Khaldi Abdelhamid , Triki Saida 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCapparis spinosa has a large natural distribution over the Mediterranean basin. It is used in traditional medicines, and it is one of the most commonly found aromatics in the Mediterranean kitchen. In this paper, the total storage protein and lipids of Tunisian Capparis spinosa seeds were investigated, and the quantities were ca. 27% and ca. 33%, respectively. In this study also the composition of the aliphatic and triterpenic alcohols of C. spinosa was characterized for the first time. Aliphatic alcohol contents were ca. 45 mg kg−1 of total extracted lipids. Three compounds were identified, hexadecanol, octadecanol and tetracosanol, of which octadecanol was the major compound (ca. 28 mg kg−1). Triterpenic alcohol content was 396.82 mg kg−1. Citrostadienol was the major compound (ca. 170 mg kg−1). β‐Amyrin, gramisterol, cycloartanol and 2,4 methylcycloartenol were also detected and identified.
Level-Dependent Annuities: Defaults of Multiple Degrees
Authors: Mjøs Aksel , Persson Svein-Arne 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMotivated by the effect on valuation of stopped or reduced debt coupon payments from a company in financial distress, we value a level-dependent annuity contract where the annuity rate depends on the value of an underlying asset process. The range of possible values of this asset is divided into a finite number of regions, with constant annuity rates within each region. We present closed-form formulas for the market value of level-dependent annuities contracts when the market value of the underlying asset is assumed to follow a geometric Brownian motion. Such annuities occur naturally in models of debt with credit risk in financial economics. Our results are applied for valuing both corporate debt with suspended interest payments under the U.S. Chapter 11 provisions and loans with contractual level-dependent interest rates.
A worm-inspired new spatial hyper-redundant manipulator
Authors: Gallardo-Alvarado Jaime , Lesso-Arroyo Raúl , García-Miranda J. Santos 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIn this work a novel spatial hyper-redundant manipulator inspired in the motions of the worms is introduced. The displacement analysis is presented in a semi-closed form solution, whereas the velocity and acceleration analyses are carried out by means of the theory of screws. Among typical applications of most hyper-redundant manipulators, interesting biomechanical applications such as the simulation of the motion of the spine are available for this newartificial worm.
Information-oriented patients and physician career satisfaction: is there a link?
Authors: Fang Hai , Rizzo John A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPatients’ increasing use of alternative sources of information besides their physician and more active involvement in medical decision making may be changing relationships between physicians and their patients. We term patients who provide medical information to their physicians from sources other than their physician as information-oriented patients and investigate the relationship between having such patients and physician career satisfaction. We find that having more information-oriented patients is significantly associated with lower physician career satisfaction. Though healthcare information from alternative sources other than their physicians is thought to promote better-informed patient choices, the adverse relationship with physician career satisfaction found in this study may have important implications for patient access and quality of care.
The Euro as an Instrument for Promoting Russian‐CIS Trade and Economic Growth
Authors: Shagalov Gregory , Kivikari Urpo , Brunat Eric 
Published: August 2010

Exports have been an important factor in Russian economic growth during recent years, but it is clear that growth of the economy cannot continue to depend on expanding exports of oil and other traditional Russian exportables. The role of machinery and other manufactured goods needs to increase. This restructuring of exports could successfully start on markets within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) provided that the existing system of payments inside the CIS is changed. The authors believe that such change could be achieved by introduction for CIS member countries of a multilateral payments system (MPS) similar to the European Payments Union (EPU), which was successfully used in Europe in the 1950s. The clearing currency for the proposed system could be the euro, the new multinational European currency.Adoption of the euro in such a role would support integration of CIS countries, which are not candidates for EU membership, with the European Union. Russia, which has expressed interest in further integration with the EU and in creation of a wider European Economic Area, should have an important role as an agent and middleman in pan‐European, factually Eurasian, integration.
After the Economic Rebound in Russia — the Importance of a Pro–Active Policy
Authors: Brunat Eric 
Published: August 2010

Russia has recently made significant progress in building a ‘normal economy’. Structural reforms, which remained inadequate under Boris Yeltsin’s rule, have been given a new start with the Government’s social and economic programme of 2000, revised in July 2001. Structural reforms will receive further impetus from the Government’s medium–term reform programme for 2002–2004, which puts the main emphasis on conditions for business creation and definition of a clear and stable legal framework, covering, among other points, judicial and fiscal reform, a labour and retirement code, and land ownership (Brunat and Soos (2002)). At the same time, tighter control by the federal state over the country, Parliament and the oligarchs has brought political stability, which is beginning to have an effect on the behaviour of various economic agents.The Russian economy has experienced new growth since the 1998 crisis, but has so far failed to install a sustainable growth mechanism due to its structural weaknesses. Establishment of a government programme of structural reforms (see Government of the Russian Federation (2002)) is an important step, but not sufficient in itself. While opening of the Russian economy, notably by accession to the WTO, is indispensable for its integration with the world economy, other political decisions will surely be necessary to overcome inertia effects and deal with difficulties in adaptation to a modern market economy.
Two Russian Stock Exchanges: Analysis of Relationships
Authors: Grigoriev Leonid , Valitova Lilia 
Published: August 2010

Development of Russian financial markets is gradually becoming a subject for standard economic analysis. Accumulated statistics make it possible to pose some questions about features of development and operation of financial markets in Russia. This paper analyses relationships between the two leading Moscow stock exchanges, as well as analysing performance of their indices and trading volumes, and factors determining index changes. The authors are far from thinking that their work is comprehensive or gives final answers to the questions posed. On the contrary, the authors hope that the paper will be a starting point for development of a fruitful scientific discussion of the issues concerned.Russian stock exchanges, their trading volumes and share prices, offer material which makes it possible to search for clear and steady patterns of performance. Although the period of organised stock trading in Russia is quite short, the combined use of monthly, daily and hourly observations allows a variety of questions to be posed. For example, what is the relationship between the performance of the two exchanges as regards indices and trading volumes, and how are those related to international indices and important factors traditionally affecting levels of market activity, such as economic activity in Russia, commodity prices, etc.? One interesting aspect of stock index performance is the slow rate of index growth despite the relatively long‐lasting economic recovery (Figure1).
FS14.7 BMS associated with allergy to metals
Authors: Pigatto Paolo , Passoni E , Crippa R , Tanzi C , Zerboni R , Brambilla L , Guzzi G , Muratori S 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a burning and painful sensation of the mouth and perioral tissues. Despite several research its causes remain unknown. The treatment of BMS continues to be a challenge. This study investigated the relation between allergy to metals and long‐term outcomes in 5 patients with BMS.Methods:  We studied 12 consecutive patients who had received a diagnosis of the BMS (ranging in age from 35 to 71). Mean duration of BMS symptoms was 10 months. We did patch‐testing in all patients with dental series. We measured the saliva metal concentrations in each subjects. Of the 12 patients studied, 5 had symptoms which appeared to be related to type 3 BMS. Thus, they were assigned to total metals alloy removal procedures because allergic to at least one metal and had high levels of metals in saliva. No subjects had been receiving drug therapy. The primary outcome was the relief of BMS symptoms. Patients were followed for an average of 1.6 years.Findings:  Of the 5 patients who underwent to total metal alloy removal, 4 had a complete remission and one had showed notable improvement of his symptoms. Three patients were allergic to mercury. Two patients showed an allergy to gold. The saliva mercury and gold levels were significantly over the threshold limit. We also noted in three patients a full recovery of systemic dermatologic manifestations associated with BMS.Conclusions:  We believe that our exploratory investigation adds evidence that allergy to dental metals are involved in BMS.
P81 Occupational hypersensitivity to platinum group elements
Authors: Cristaudo Antonio , Severino V , Castellano G , Papale A , Caroli S , Petrucci F 
Published: August 2010

Objective: the increasing industrial use of platinum–group elements (PGEs), namely Ir, Pd, Pt and Rh and related hypersensitivity such as respiratory symptoms, urticaria and contact dermatitis, have led to a growing need to monitor selected populations of exposed workers. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and the clinical characteristics of hypersensitivity to the platinum‐group elements; the levels of PGE measured in indoor airborne particulate matter and in biological samples (serum, urine and hair) taken from of employees in a platinum refining and catalyst manufacture; to correlate environmental exposure role and platinum salts concentrations in biological samples in the onset of allergy.Material and methods:  132 subjects variable exposed were informed about the purpose of this study and gave their consent. The examination consisted of a work exposure and medical questionnaire, physical examination, skin prick test to platinum salts and to other common allergens and patch test to platinum salts. Airborne PGEs was collected by personal and area samples. Biological samples (serum, urine and hair) were collected. Analitical procedure based on sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectometry (SP‐ICP‐MS) for the analysis of airborne filter, serum, urine and hair was used. Results: positive prick test to platinum salts were found in 18 workers, 4 out 14 gave simultaneous positive reactions to Pt, Rh and Ir. 2 out 14 gave a positive reaction to Pt and Pd. Positive patch test reactions to Pt were found in 2 subjects, 1 out 2 gave positive reaction also to PdConclusion:  the preliminary results of the investigation indicate that Pt‐salts are important allergens in catalyst industry and that the clinical manifestation involves both the respiratory system and the skin
FS03.6 Efficacy of MAS063D (‘Atopiclair’) in irritant contact dermatitis
Authors: Zhai Hongbo , Villarama I , Hafeez Z Hasan , Maibach HI 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To determine the efficacy of a topical, MAS063D, in managing the clinical signs and symptoms of experimentally induced irritant contact dermatitis (ICD).Methods:  Two patches of ICD were created using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in 20 consenting volunteers. MAS063D was applied to one patch and a vehicle‐only control to the other. Measurements were taken at baseline, 24, 48 and 72 hours as follows: blood flow volume (BFV); skin color (a*); transepidermal water loss (TEWL); patient’s view of itch and visual scoring. Results: The objective measurements of BFV, a* and TEWL all showed statistically significant benefits of MAS063D over the vehicle‐only control. BFV and a* were significantly better at all time points (p = 0.046, p = 0.045 respectively at 72 hours) and TEWL at 48 and 72 hours (p = 0.02 at 72 hours). MAS063D demonstrated benefit in the visual scoring of irritant contact dermatitis that was not statistically significant. Patient‐assessed itch was low at baseline; significant improvement was neither expected nor demonstrated although a small benefit of MAS063D over vehicle was seen in the mean values.Conclusions:  BFV and a* are both good indicators of local erythema. TEWL is a good indicator of skin integrity. MAS063D therefore demonstrated statistically significant benefit over vehicle on three clinically meaningful outcomes of SLS‐induced ICD, and therefore may benefit irritant contact dermatitis.
FC02.3 Thimerosal‐ is it really irrelevant?
Authors: Ingber Arieh , Slodownik D 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  Recently, several investigators claimed that thimerosal is one of the most irrelevant allergens existing in screening for contact dermatitis.Methods:  508 patients who were suspected to have allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested at our clinic. They completed a questionnaire including medical, demographic and occupational details. We used the standart tray of Chemotechniqe Diagnostics (MalmÖ, Sweden) and additional series which were case relevant. The relevance of the allergic reaction to thimerosal was scored from 1–6.Results:   19 patients (3.7%) had an allergic reaction to thimerosal. Six (31.5%) had a definite relevance and eight (42.1%) had a probable relevance. Only three patients (15.8%) had an irrelevant reaction. SPIN value was 2281. We found a high proportion of mechanics (42.1%) among the patients who had positive reaction to thimerosal (P < 0.0001).Conclusion:  Although previous reports found thimerosal highly irrelevant, our daily experience being supported by the above data, indicates that positive reactions to thimerosal could be relevant for many patients.
PCS.02 Risk assessment in practice – clinical problems in ACD. Consumer perspectives
Authors: White Ian R 
Published: August 2010

That a cosmetic product must not cause damage to human health is enshrined in European legislation. Within the EU, the Scientific Committee for Cosmetic and Non‐food Products (SCC NFP) of the Directorate General for Consumer Safety & Health Protection provides independent risk assessments of certain cosmetic ingredients. The evaluations depend largely on the completeness of dossiers submitted by industry. Requirements for submissions are published by the SCC NFP http://europa.eu.int/comm/health/ph_risk/committees/sccp/documents/
out242_en.pdf) and cutaneous toxicology, including contact allergy, is only a part of the overall assessment.Opinions adopted by the SCC NFP are published in full (http://europa.eu.int/comm/health/ph_risk/committees/sccp/sccp_opinions_en.htm), presented to the Directorate General responsible for the legislation (Enterprise), who are risk managers, and discussed with Member States before the recommendations are included in the annexes of the Cosmetics Directive, if appropriate.The Cosmetics Directive (http://pharmacos. eudra.org/F3/cosmetic/pdf/vol_1en.pdf) contains positive lists of certain ingredient types (including preservatives, UV filters) and only those substances listed may be used. Annex 3 lists substances that may be used under certain conditions (concentration, exposure sites, warnings, age).Increasingly, revision of assessments of risks related to contact allergy have been brought about by epidemiological and robust clinical data (elicitation studies) submitted by dermatologists. As illustrated with the examples of methyldibromo glutaronitrile and Lyral®, rapid responses to protect the consumer are possible when the Commission is provided with appropriate information. Similar examples illustrate failures to predict risks for the induction of contact allergy before the consumer was excessively exposed.In contrast to the above, some permanent hair dye chemicals (for which there is, as yet, no positive list) are important and potent allergens and are permitted only because of the absence of acceptable alternatives and social need. Warnings and recommendations for testing before use have not been validated despite the long history of complaints. The ‘damage’ experienced by the consumer with an adverse reaction to a hair dye must be balanced against their possible carcinogenic potential.The consumer expects products to be safe. Why do risk assessments fail?