bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Analysis of Mutant Alleles for Elevated Palmitate Concentration in Soybean
Authors: De Vries Brian D. , Fehr Walter R. , Welke Grace A. , Dewey Ralph E. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil with increased palmitate concentration may be useful for some food and industrial applications. Chemical mutagenesis was used to develop mutant alleles for elevated palmitate concentration that were designated as fap2(A21), fap4(A24), fap5(A27), fap6(A25), and fap7(A30) based on classical genetic analysis. The objective of our study was to determine whether the elevated palmitate phenotypes in any of these lines were associated with mutations in either of the two known 3‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase II (KAS II) genes of soybean, GmKAS IIA and GmKAS IIB. Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that differentiated mutant and wild‐type alleles in one of the GmKAS genes in lines A21, A25, A27, and A30 but not in A24. The identified SNPs resulted in nonconservative amino acid substitutions that were predicted to impair enzyme function. The fap2(A21) allele was associated with two consecutive SNPs within the GmKAS IIA gene, confirming its allelic relationship to fap2(C1727) that was known to have a mutant SNP within the same gene. The allele designated fap5(A27) also had a SNP within the GmKAS IIA gene, indicating that its designation should be changed to fap2(A27). The fap6(A25) and fap7(A30) alleles each contained a single SNP at different locations within the GmKAS IIB gene. We propose that the designation of the mutant allele in A25 remain fap6(A25) and that the allele in A30 be changed from fap7(A30) to fap6(A30).
Catalytic synthesis of warfarin acetals by using different heteropolyacid catalysts
Authors: Gharib Ali , Jahangir Manouchehr , Roshani Mina , Scheeren J. , Mohadeszadeh Sara , Bakhtiari Lida , Lagzian Shirin 
Published: October 2011

Catalytic synthesis of warfarin acetals by using different heteropolyacid catalysts
In this research, we report on the synthesis of warfarin acetals by using Preyssler's anion, [NaP5W30O110]-14 and heteropolyacids (HPAs) catalysts. This reaction was performed using methanol and ethanol at reflux temperature conditions. Under these conditions we have excellent yields and high selectivity. Preyssler heteropolyacid catalyst were easily recycled recovery and reused without the loss of its catalytic activities. The synthesis of warfarin acetals has been achieved using the catalytic amounts of green, inexpensive and eco-friendly Keggin types heteropolyacids. The products were obtained in high yields.
Modified halloysite as a filler for epoxy resins
Authors: Legocka Izabella , Wierzbicka Ewa , Al-Zahari Talal , Osawaru Osazuwa 
Published: October 2011

Modified halloysite as a filler for epoxy resins
The modification methods of halloysite and further applications of the modified mineral as a filler for epoxy resins have been presented. The advantage of ultrasound treatment prior to chemical modification with an organic compound in order to obtain a hybrid filler was confirmed. The analysis of the composites obtained with the use of the modified halloysite (3-5 wt.% range) as a filler for epoxy resins indicates an improved interphase interaction and mechanical properties in comparison to the composites based on neat halloysite.
Census of migrating raptors at Breginjski Stol (NW Slovenia) - the first confirmed bottleneck site in Slovenia
Authors: Denac Katarina 
Published: October 2011

Census of migrating raptors at Breginjski Stol (NW Slovenia) - the first confirmed bottleneck site in Slovenia
From 4 to 31 May 2010, raptor migration was monitored daily between 9.00 and 17.00 hrs CET at Breginjski Stol (NW Slovenia). In all, 2,385 raptor passes were counted, belonging to at least 17 species that were divided into resident and migratory birds. Residents (n = 875 passes) foraged, bred or daily migrated over the area. Among them, Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus was the most frequent species (n = 575 passes) with the largest observed group of 35 individuals on 26 May. In the morning, Griffon Vultures were flying from west to east in search of food, whereas in the afternoon they were returning in the opposite direction to their colony in Forgaria nel Friuli (Italy). Their numbers increased after 15 May, when Croatian Griffons joined those from Italy. Altogether, 1,510 individuals of migratory raptors were counted, belonging to at least nine species. Among them, Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus was the most common (1,368 ind., 90.6% of migratory raptors). The migration peak was reached on 14 May, with 552 individuals. Most raptors were seen migrating solitarily or in small flocks (2-4 ind.), whereas on five days (4, 7, 11, 13, 14 May) over 20% of all observed flocks were either medium-sized (5-15 ind.) or large (> 15 ind.). Raptors mostly migrated between 9.00 and 13.00 hrs. Taking into consideration several factors - short observation period and limited number of observation hours per day, overlooked raptors due to human- and topography-related causes, movements of observers between observation points, extremely bad weather and night migration of raptors - we estimate that the actual number of migratory raptors that passed Breginjski Stol in spring 2010 was 3,060-4,660 individuals. Thus, Breginjski Stol is the first confirmed bottleneck site of European importance for migratory raptors in Slovenia, as defined by BirdLife International IBA criterion B1iv, and a natural continuation of migratory pathways from northern Italy.
Polyaxial Figures of the Moon
Authors: İz H. , Ding X. , Dai C. , Shum C. 
Published: October 2011

Polyaxial Figures of the MoonThis study investigates various models to represent the gross geometric shape of the Moon. Asymmetric polyaxial geometric models-namely three-, four- and six-axial lunar figure - are compared and contrasted with the axially symmetric three-axis ellipsoidal model derived from Chang'e 1 and SELENE laser altimetry data. All solutions confirm a hydrostatically stable lunar shape shifted with respect to the lunar center of mass by topography. Model solutions with increasing complexity offer additional information about the regional properties of the lunar topography. Solution statistics suggest that axially symmetric lunar figures and their center of figure parameters can be replaced by an equivalent asymmetric lunar shape centered at the center of mass of the Moon. Thus, using only three shape parameters, one can derive an "egg" shape that better accommodates the true geometry of the Moon.
Quality Estimates in Geoid Computation by EGM08
Authors: Sjüberg L. 
Published: October 2011

Quality Estimates in Geoid Computation by EGM08The high-degree Earth Gravitational Model EGM08 allows for geoid determination with a resolution of the order of 5'. Using this model for estimating the quasigeoid height, we estimate the global root mean square (rms) commission error to 5 and 11 cm, based on the assumptions that terrestrial gravity contributes to the model with an rms standard error of 5 mGal and correlation length 0:01° and 0:1°, respectively. The omission error is estimated to—0:7Δg [mm], where Δg is the regional mean gravity anomaly in units of mGal.In case of geoid determination by EGM08, the topographic bias must also be considered. This is because the Earth's gravitational potential, in contrast to its spherical harmonic representation by EGM08, is not a harmonic function at the geoid inside the topography. If a correction is applied for the bias, the main uncertainty that remains is that from the uncertainty in the topographic density, which will still contribute to the overall geoid error.
Self-tuning run-time reconfigurable PID controller
Authors: Pelc Mariusz 
Published: October 2011

Self-tuning run-time reconfigurable PID controller
Digital PID control algorithm is one of the most commonly used algorithms in the control systems area. This algorithm is very well known, it is simple, easily implementable in the computer control systems and most of all its operation is very predictable. Thus PID control has got well known impact on the control system behavior. However, in its simple form the controller have no reconfiguration support. In a case of the controlled system substantial changes (or the whole control environment, in the wider aspect, for example if the disturbances characteristics would change) it is not possible to make the PID controller robust enough. In this paper a new structure of digital PID controller is proposed, where the policy-based computing is used to equip the controller with the ability to adjust it's behavior according to the environmental changes. Application to the electro-oil evaporator which is a part of distillation installation is used to show the new controller structure in operation.
Durability and narrow pore size distribution (PSD) of carbons fabricated from Salix viminalis wood
Authors: Łukaszewicz Jerzy , Zieliński Krzysztof 
Published: October 2011

Durability and narrow pore size distribution (PSD) of carbons fabricated from Salix viminalis wood
Microporous carbon molecular sieves of extremely narrow pore size distribution were obtained by carbonization of a novel raw material (Salix viminalis). The precursor is inexpensive and widely accessible. The pore capacity and specific surface area are upgradable by H3PO4 treatment without significant change of narrowed PSD. The dominating pore size indicates that these molecular sieves are a potential competitor to other nanoporous materials such as opened and purified carbon nanotubes.
Clinical Laboratory Method for Detection of IGHV Mutation Status in Patients with CLL Validated by Igblast and IMGT/V-QUEST
Authors: Lasabova Z. , Plank L. , Flochova E. , Burjanivova T. , Vanochova A. , Mihok L. , Ilencikova D. 
Published: October 2011

Clinical Laboratory Method for Detection of IGHV Mutation Status in Patients with CLL Validated by Igblast and IMGT/V-QUESTChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent type of adult leukemia in Western countries. Recently, new molecular prognostic markers like 17p deletion, 11q deletion, 13q deletion, trisomy 12, the mutational status of the immunoglobulin variable heavy chain genes (IGHV) genes, expression of ZAP-70 and CD38 were identified as prognostically significant. The CLL patients with mutated IGHV have a more favorable prognosis while non-mutated cases with the mutation's number less than 2% compared to the germline sequence suffer from more aggressive diseases. Here, we describe a clinical laboratory method for the detection of the mutation status of IGHV in patients with CLL using reverse transcription PCR and dideoxysequencing, and the evaluation using two immunoglobulin databases IMGT/V-QUEST and IgBLAST. We analyzed 37 different clonal rearrangements in 35 patients. Using two different databases, we identified 13 mutated and 24 non-mutated clones. The most preferred subfamilies were VH1, VH3, and VH4. The CLLs using the subfamily 1-69 were all non-mutated. Unlike previous reports, there were no significant differences between the used databases observed. The clinical trials are already incorporating new prognostic molecular markers such IGHV mutational status, so it is important to use standardized clinical laboratory methods and databases for a reliable identification of the mutation status in CLL.
Convergent evolution of a symbiotic duet: The case of the lichen genus Polychidium (Peltigerales, Ascomycota)
Authors: Muggia Lucia , Nelson Peter , Wheeler Tim , Yakovchenko Lidia S. , Tønsberg Tor , Spribille Toby 
Published: October 2011

• Premise of the study: Thallus architecture has long been a powerful guide for classifying lichens and has often trumped photobiont association and ascomatal type, but the reliability of these characters to predict phylogenetic affinity has seldom been tested. The cyanolichen genus Polychidium unites species that have strikingly similar gross morphology but consort with different photobiont genera. If Polychidium were found to be monophyletic, photobiont switching among closely related species would be suggested. If, however, species were found to arise in different lineages, a convergent body plan and ascomatal type evolution would be inferred.• Methods: We tested the monophyly of Polychidium with a multilocus phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data from all known Peltigeralean families and reconstructed ancestral states for specific thallus architecture and ascomatal ontogeny types relative to Polychidium and other clades.• Key results: We found that Polychidium consists of two species groups that arose independently in different suborders within the Peltigerales, associated with Nostoc and Scytonema photobionts, respectively. We infer from ancestral character state reconstruction that dendroid thallus architecture evolved independently in these two lineages.• Conclusions: The independent development of similar dendroid thallus architecture in different fungal suborders with different photobionts represents a clear and previously overlooked example of convergent evolution in lichens. Our results also suggest a pattern of character state conservation, loss, and reversion in ascomatal ontogeny types, hitherto considered conserved traits useful for higher level ascomycete systematics.
Cyclometalated Complexes of Ruthenium, Rhodium and Iridium as Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Imines
Authors: Pannetier Nicolas , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Issenhuth Jean‐Thomas , Barloy Laurent , Sirlin Claude , Holuigue Alexandre , Lefort Laurent , Panella Lavinia , de Vries Johannes G. , Pfeffer Michel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA library of organometallic compounds derived from primary and secondary amines cyclometalated by ruthenium(II), rhodium(III) and iridi‐ um(III) was tested in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of a number of ketones and imines. All compounds displayed high catalytic activity for the reduction of ketones under mild conditions. The most enantioselective catalysts were based on secondary amines containing two asymmetric carbon atoms bound to the nitrogen atom. For the reduction of aryl alkyl ketones [Ar(CO)R where R=CH3 or CH2R′] the cyclometalated ruthenium and rhodium derivatives of the (2R,5R)‐2,5‐diphenylpyrrolidine ligand displayed the best results with respect to activity and selectivity (ees up to 97%). However, for the reduction of aryl tert‐alkyl ketones [Ar(CO)R′′ in which R′′ is a tertiary alkyl group] the best catalyst was a ruthenium compound derived from bis[(R)‐1‐phenylethyl]amine, allowing the reduction of isobutyrophenone and cyclohexyl phenyl ketone which were both reduced with high enantioselectivities (ees up to 98%). This shows that the cyclometalated compounds have a high substrate specificity. In addition, acyclic and cyclic imines were reduced with good selectivities by both rhodium(III) and iridium(III) metalacycles built up with (2R,5R)‐2,5‐diphenylpyrrolidine.
The Roles of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Electrode Buffers in Efficient Polymer Photovoltaics
Authors: Jeng Jun‐Yuan , Lin Ming‐Wei , Hsu Yao‐Jane , Wen Ten‐Chin , Guo Tzung‐Fang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe role of poly(ethylene oxide) polymer is investigated as an effective buffer with Al electrodes to markedly improve the electrode interface and enhance the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE, η) of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)‐based bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. A unique process is developed by thermally co‐evaporating the poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDE, Mn ca. 2000) polymer with Al metal simultaneously at different ratios in vacuum (10−6 Torr) to prepare the electrode buffers. The instant formation of a carbide‐like junction at the ethylene oxide/Al interface during the thermal evaporation is of essential importance to the extraction of electrons through the Al electrode. The performance of P3HT:PCBM‐based solar cells can be optimized by modulating the co‐evaporation ratios of the PEGDE polymer with Al metal due to the changes in the work functions of the electrodes. The VOC and η for devices fabricated with Al electrode are 0.44 V and 1.64%, respectively, and significantly improve to 0.58 V and 4.00% when applying the PEGDE:Al(2:1)/Al electrode. This research leads to a novel electrode design – free of salts, additives, complicated syntheses, and having tunable work function – for fabricating high‐performance photovoltaic cells.
ftz Evolution: Findings, hypotheses and speculations (response to DOI 10.1002/bies.201100019)
Authors: Heffer Alison , Löhr Ulrike , Pick Leslie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn a recent paper, Merabet and Hudry discuss models explaining the functional evolution of fushi tarazu (ftz) from an ancestral homeotic to a pair‐rule segmentation gene in Drosophila. As most of the experimental work underlying these models comes from our research, we wish to reply to Merabet and Hudry providing an explanation of the experimental approaches and logical framework underlying them. We review experimental data that support our hypotheses and discuss misconceptions in the literature. We emphasize that the change in ftz function required changes in both expression pattern and protein function and review the evidence that these functional changes involved a switch in cofactor‐interaction motifs during arthropod radiations. While agreeing with Merabet and Hudry that protein context likely contributes to Ftz function, we argue that until supporting evidence for alternative mechanisms is obtained, the role of cofactor‐interaction motifs in driving a functional switch remains compelling.
Facile Access to the Pnictocenium Ions [Cp*ECl]+ (E=P, As) and [(Cp*)2P]+: Chloride Ion Affinity of Al(ORF)3
Authors: Kraft Anne , Beck Jennifer , Krossing Ingo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe pnictocenium salts [Cp*PCl]+[μCl]− (1 a), [Cp*PCl]+[ClAl(ORF)3]− (1 b), [Cp*AsCl]+[ClAl(ORF)3]− (2), and [(Cp*)2P]+[μCl]− (3), in which Cp*=Me5C5, μCl=(FRO)3AlClAl(ORF)3, and ORF=OC(CF3)3, were prepared by halide abstraction from the respective halopnictines with the Lewis superacid PhF→Al(ORF)3.1 The X‐ray crystal structures of 1 a, 2, and 3 established that in the half as well as in the sandwich cations the Cp* rings are attached in an η2‐fashion. By using one or two equivalents of the Lewis acid, the two new weakly coordinating anions [μCl]− and [ClAl(ORF)3]− resulted. They also stabilize the highly reactive cations in PhF or 1,2‐F2C6H4 solution at room temperature. The chloride ion affinities (CIAs) of a range of classical strong Lewis acids were also investigated. The calculations are based on a set of isodesmic BP86/SV(P) reactions and a non‐isodesmic reference reaction assessed at the G3MP2 level.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Thorium(IV) Sulfates.
Authors: Knope Karah E. , Wilson Richard E. , Skanthakumar S. , Loderholm L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe structures of Th(SO4)2 (H2O)7·2H2O [see CI 2011‐42‐017], (II) and (III) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot β‐Chloro‐N′‐tosylamidination of Olefins with Chloramine‐T.
Authors: Murali Annamalai , Sen Suman Kumar , Baskaran Sundarababu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe synthetic potential of the products is shown by the stereoselective synthesis of imidazoline (V) and diamine (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphites as Ligands in Ruthenium‐Benzylidene Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Schmid Thibault E. , Bantreil Xavier , Citadelle Cecilia A. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cazin Catherine S. J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA novel ruthenium phosphite complex is prepared and efficiently applied as catalyst in ring closing metatheses of alkenes (I), (III), and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Peroxides: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Malononitrile and Cyanoacetic Ester Derivatives by tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide at the α‐Position.
Authors: Terent'ev Alexander O. , Borisov Dmitry A. , Semenov Vsevolod V. , Chernyshev Vladimir V. , Dembitsky Valery M. , Nikishin Gennady I. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOptimized conditions allow the preparation of the desired title compounds from either dinitriles (I) or cyanoesters (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfoxide‐Mediated α‐Arylation of Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Huang Xueliang , Maulide Nuno 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe α‐arylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with aryl sulfoxides (II) proceeds smoothly in the absence of transition metal catalysts, only by use of triflic anhydride of trifluoroacetic anhydride as activating agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Aziridination of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Deiana Luca , Dziedzic Pawel , Zhao Gui‐Ling , Vesely Jan , Ibrahem Ismail , Rios Ramon , Sun Junliang , Cordova Armando 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe procedure can be applied to aliphatic and aromatic enals, α‐substituted‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and α,β‐disubstituted‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes giving trans‐aziridines in high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel MgI2‐Mediated Unusual Dimerization—Spirocyclopropanation of Bromo Isomerized Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adduct of Isatin: A Facile Synthesis of 3‐Spirocyclopropane‐2‐oxindole Derivatives.
Authors: Lingam Kandapalam Arun Prasath , Mandal Asit Baran , Shanmugam Ponnusamy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTreatment of bromides (I) and (IV) with MgI2 results in an unusual dimerization to yield functionalized cyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbazoles and 1,2‐Dihydrocarbazoles by Domino “Twofold Heck/6π‐Electrocyclization” Reactions of Di‐, Tri‐, and Tetrabromoindoles.
Authors: Hussain Munawar , Toguem Serge‐Mitherand Tengho , Ahmad Rasheed , Tung Dang Thanh , Knepper Ingo , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDihydrocarbazoles are synthesized by two‐fold Heck/ 6π‐electrocyclization at 120°C and are transformed by Pd/C‐catalyzed dehydrogenation into the corresponding carbazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of New (Cyano‐NNO‐azoxy) Pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Boschi Donatella , Guglielmo Stefano , Aiello Stefania , Morace Giulia , Borghi Elisa , Fruttero Roberta 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTreatment of nitroso derivatives (I) with a mixture of cyanamide (II) and (diacetoxy)iodobenzene yields the azoxycyano derivatives (III), probably through the intermediate formation of cyanonitrene.
ChemInform Abstract: NbCl5‐Catalyzed, Solvent‐Free, One‐Pot Synthesis of Coumarins.
Authors: Gao Shu‐Tao , Li Chao , Wang Yanen , Ma Jing‐Jun , Wang Chun , Zhang Jing‐Wen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNiobium(V) chloride is found to be an efficient catalyst for the Pechmann condensation reaction between phenols and β‐keto esters leading to coumarin derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: First SNAr Reaction Using TDAE‐Initiated Carbanions in Quinazoline Series.
Authors: Since Marc , Khoumeri Omar , Verhaeghe Pierre , Maillard‐Boyer Martine , Terme Thierry , Vanelle Patrice 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTreatment of o‐nitrobenzyl chlorides with TDAE results in formation of carbanions which undergo SNAr reaction with 4‐chloroquinazolines bearing trihalomethyl substituents to give the substituted derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Method for Synthesis of Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives in a One‐Pot Procedure.
Authors: Singh Sukhdeep , Schober Andreas , Gebinoga Michael , Gross G. Alexander 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCareful α‐bromination of ketones with elemental bromine and direct addition of pyrimidine‐2‐thiones and triethylamine renders possible a direct two‐step one‐pot synthesis of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Difluoromethylphosphonamidates by Direct Addition of Amine.
Authors: Aliouane Lucie , Rigaud Baptiste , Pfund Emmanuel , Jean Ludovic , Renard Pierre‐Yves , Lequeux Thierry 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLithiation of phosphonate (I) and direct addition of primary and secondary amines affords the title compounds as model compounds for prodrugs.