bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐specific response of a migratory bird to an experimental alteration of its habitat
Authors: Haché Samuel , Villard Marc‐André 
Published: April 2010

Summary1. Recruitment, i.e. the influx of new breeding individuals into a population, is an important demographic parameter, especially in species with a short life span. Few studies have measured this parameter in solitary‐breeding animal populations even though it may yield critical information on habitat suitability and functional connectivity.2. Using a before‐after, control‐impact pairs (BACIP) experimental design, we measured: (i) the return rate and apparent survival rate of individually marked territorial males of a neotropical migrant bird species, the OvenbirdSeiurus aurocapillaLinnaeus and (ii) the age‐specific recruitment rate. Study plots (n = 10) were paired: one was treated through single‐tree selection harvesting (30–40% basal area removal) and the other acted as a control. We hypothesized that experienced males would out‐compete inexperienced ones and tend to avoid settling in lower‐quality, treated stands.3. In the first year post‐harvest, the mean density of territorial males was significantly lower in treated plots (−41%) than in controls and the difference remained relatively stable thereafter. This lower density mainly reflected a lower recruitment rate compared to controls (17·9 vs. 49·0% of males present), itself driven by a lower recruitment rate of experienced males (2·8 vs. 22·8%). Return rate was similar between controls and treated plots in the first year post‐harvest (59 vs. 55%, respectively) but it decreased in treated plots during the second (−15·8% relative to controls) and third (−12·7%) year post‐harvest. The trend was even stronger when considering only experienced males. The treatment was followed by a major expansion in mean territory size in treated plots (+49% relative to controls, 3rd year post‐treatment).4. Neither apparent survival rate nor recruitment rate varied as predicted. There was a strong year effect but no treatment effect on apparent survival rate, whereas male recruitment patterns were both year‐ and age‐specific. Three years post‐harvest, recruitment rate was sufficient to fill most territory vacancies in treated plots, due mainly to first‐time breeders.5. To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting the effects of experimental habitat alteration on recruitment rate in a songbird species using a BACI design. The response of this male subpopulation highlights the influence of recruitment on the density of open populations of solitary‐nesting birds and age‐specific patterns in the response of individuals to habitat alterations.
Contemporary habitat loss reduces genetic diversity in an ecologically specialized butterfly
Authors: Collier Neil , Gardner Mike , Adams Mark , McMahon Clive R. , Benkendorff Kirsten , Mackay Duncan A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim  This study investigated the influence of contemporary habitat loss on the genetic diversity and structure of animal species using a common, but ecologically specialized, butterfly, Theclinesthes albocincta (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), as a model.Location  South Australia.Methods  We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and allozyme datasets to investigate the genetic structure and genetic diversity among populations of T. albocincta in a fragmented landscape and compared this diversity and structure with that of populations in two nearby landscapes that have more continuous distributions of butterflies and their habitat. Butterflies were sampled from 15 sites and genotyped, first using 363 informative AFLP bands and then using 17 polymorphic allozyme loci (n = 248 and 254, respectively). We complemented these analyses with phylogeographic information based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype information derived from a previous study in the same landscapes.Results  Both datasets indicated a relatively high level of genetic structuring across the sampling range (AFLP, FST = 0.34; allozyme, FST = 0.13): structure was greatest among populations in the fragmented landscape (AFLP, FST = 0.15; allozyme, FST = 0.13). Populations in the fragmented landscape also had significantly lower genetic diversity than populations in the other two landscapes: there were no detectable differences in genetic diversity between the two continuous landscapes. There was also evidence (r2 = 0.33) of an isolation by distance effect across the sampled range of the species.Main conclusions  The multiple lines of evidence, presented within a phylogeographic context, support the hypothesis that contemporary habitat fragmentation has been a major driver of genetic erosion and differentiation in this species. Theclinesthes albocincta populations in the fragmented landscape are thus likely to be at greater risk of extinction because of reduced genetic diversity, their isolation from conspecific subpopulations in other landscapes, and other extrinsic forces acting on their small population sizes. Our study provides compelling evidence that habitat loss and fragmentation have significant rapid impacts on the genetic diversity and structure of butterfly populations, especially specialist species with particular habitat preferences and poor dispersal abilities.
Domain structures of ultrafine grained ferromagnets achieved by severe plastic deformation or melt quenching
Authors: KORZNIKOVA G.F. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryLorentz electron microscopy was used to analyse the domain structure in some ferromagnets having an ultrafine grained structure produced by high pressure torsion (pure Ni, Fe, Co, Mn55.5Al45.5 C0.5) and by melt quenching (Fe83Nd13B4). For low anisotropy ferromagnets (Ni, Fe, Co), it has been established that the domain structure does not depend strongly on grain size. In high anisotropy ferromagnets alloy (Mn55.5Al45.5 C0.5 and Fe83Nd13B4), grain refinement causes changes in the domain structure configuration and affects the magnetization mechanism.
Investigation of porous asphalt microstructure using optical and electron microscopy
Authors: POULIKAKOS L.D. , PARTL M.N. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryDirect observations of porous asphalt concrete samples in their natural state using optical and electron microscopy techniques led to useful information regarding the microstructure of two mixes and indicated a relationship between microstructure and in situ performance. This paper presents evidence that suboptimal microstructure can lead to premature failure thus making a first step in defining well or suboptimal performing pavements with a bottom‐up approach (microstructure). Laboratory and field compaction produce different samples in terms of the microstructure. Laboratory compaction using the gyratory method has produced more microcracks in mineral aggregates after the binder had cooled. Well‐performing mixes used polymer‐modified binders, had a more homogeneous void structure with fewer elongated voids and better interlocking of the aggregates. Furthermore, well‐performing mixes showed better distribution of the mastic and better coverage of the aggregates with bitumen. Low vacuum scanning electron microscopy showed that styrene butadiene styrene polymer modification in binder exists in the form of discontinuous globules and not continuous networks. A reduction in the polymer phase was observed as a result of aging and in‐service use.
Analysis of a Borrelia burgdorferi phosphodiesterase demonstrates a role for cyclic‐di‐guanosine monophosphate in motility and virulence
Authors: Sultan Syed Z. , Pitzer Joshua E. , Miller Michael R. , Motaleb Md. A. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe genome of Borrelia burgdorferi encodes a set of genes putatively involved in cyclic‐dimeric guanosine monophosphate (cyclic‐di‐GMP) metabolism. Although BB0419 was shown to be a diguanylate cyclase, the extent to which bb0419 or any of the putative cyclic‐di‐GMP metabolizing genes impact B. burgdorferi motility and pathogenesis has not yet been reported. Here we identify and characterize a phosphodiesterase (BB0363). BB0363 specifically hydrolyzed cyclic‐di‐GMP with a Km of 0.054 µM, confirming it is a functional cyclic‐di‐GMP phosphodiesterase. A targeted mutation in bb0363 was constructed using a newly developed promoterless antibiotic cassette that does not affect downstream gene expression. The mutant cells exhibited an altered swimming pattern, indicating a function for cyclic‐di‐GMP in regulating B. burgdorferi motility. Furthermore, the bb0363 mutant cells were not infectious in mice, demonstrating an important role for cyclic‐di‐GMP in B. burgdorferi infection. The mutant cells were able to survive within Ixodes scapularis ticks after a blood meal from naïve mice; however, ticks infected with the mutant cells were not able to infect naïve mice. Both motility and infection phenotypes were restored upon genetic complementation. These results reveal an important connection between cyclic‐di‐GMP, B. burgdorferi motility and Lyme disease pathogenesis. A mechanism by which cyclic‐di‐GMP influences motility and infection is proposed.
A mutant CHS3 protein with TIR‐NB‐LRR‐LIM domains modulates growth, cell death and freezing tolerance in a temperature‐dependent manner in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Haibian , Shi Yiting , Liu Jingyan , Guo Lin , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Shuhua 
Published: April 2010

SummaryLow temperature is one of environmental factors that restrict plant growth homeostasis and plant–pathogen interactions. Recent studies suggest a link between temperature responses and defense responses; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the chilling sensitive 3 (chs3‐1) mutant in Arabidopsis was characterized. chs3‐1 plants showed arrested growth and chlorosis when grown at 16°C or when shifted from 22 to 4°C. chs3‐1 plants also exhibited constitutively activated defense responses at 16°C, which were alleviated at a higher temperature (22°C). Map‐based cloning of CHS3 revealed that it encodes an unconventional disease resistance (R) protein belonging to the TIR‐NB‐LRR class with a zinc‐binding LIM domain (Lin‐11, Isl‐1 and Mec‐3 domains) at the carboxyl terminus. The chs3‐1 mutation in the conserved LIM‐containing domain led to the constitutive activation of the TIR‐NB‐LRR domain. Consistently, the growth and defense phenotypes of chs3‐1 plants were completely suppressed by eds1, sgt1b and rar1, partially by pad4 and nahG, but not by npr1 and ndr1. Intriguingly, chs3‐1 plants grown at 16°C showed enhanced tolerance to freezing temperatures. This tolerance was correlated with growth defect and cell death phenotypes caused by activated defense responses. Other mutants with activated defense responses, including cpr1, cpr5 and slh1 also displayed enhanced freezing tolerance. These findings revealed a role of an unconventional mutant R gene in plant growth, defense response and cold stress, suggesting a mutual interaction between cold signaling and defense responses.
Work‐related stress, inability to relax after work and risk of adult asthma: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Loerbroks A. , Gadinger M. C. , Bosch J. A. , Stürmer T. , Amelang M. 
Published: April 2010

To cite this article: Loerbroks A, Gadinger MC, Bosch JA, Stürmer T, Amelang M. Work‐related stress, inability to relax after work and risk of adult asthma: a population‐based cohort study. Allergy 2010; 65: 1298–1305.AbstractBackground:  There is an extensive literature linking stressful work conditions to adverse health outcomes. Notwithstanding, the relationship with asthma has not been examined, although various other measures of psychological stress have been associated with asthma. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relation between work stress and asthma prevalence and incidence.Methods:  We used data from a population‐based cohort study (n = 5114 at baseline in 1992–1995 and n = 4010 at follow‐up in 2002/2003). Asthma was measured by self‐reports. Two scales that assessed psychologically adverse work conditions were extracted from a list of work‐condition items by factor analysis (these scales were termed ‘work stress’ and ‘inability to relax after work’). For each scale, the derived score was employed both as continuous z‐score and as categorized variable in analyses. Associations with asthma were estimated by prevalence ratios (PRs) and risk ratios (RRs) using Poisson regression with a log‐link function adjusting for demographics, health‐related lifestyles, body mass index and family history of asthma. Analyses were restricted to those in employment (n = 3341).Results:  Work stress and inability to relax z‐scores were positively associated with asthma prevalence (PR = 1.15, 95%CI = 0.97, 1.36 and PR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.12, 1.83, respectively). Prospective analyses using z‐scores showed that for each 1 standard deviation increase in work stress and inability to relax, the risk of asthma increased by approximately 40% (RR for work stress = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.06, 2.00; RR for inability to relax = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.01, 1.91). Similar patterns of associations were observed in analyses of categorized exposures.Conclusions:  This is the first study to show a cross‐sectional and longitudinal association of work stress with asthma.
Parental satisfaction with oral peanut food challenges; perception of outcomes and impact on management of peanut allergy
Authors: Nguyen Michelle , Wainstein Brynn Kevin , Hu Wendy , Ziegler John B. 
Published: April 2010

Nguyen M, Wainstein BK, Hu W, Ziegler JB. Parental satisfaction with oral peanut food challenges; perception of outcomes and impact on management of peanut allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 1119–1126. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SOral peanut food challenges (OPFC) are the ‘gold standard’ for diagnosing peanut allergy in children. However, there are few data on parental perception of such challenges. We aimed to investigate the parental experience of and satisfaction with OPFC and reported dietary management of children with a history of peanut allergy following OPFC. Telephone interviews were conducted with parents of children who had undergone an open‐label OPFC at a specialist paediatric allergy centre. Forty‐six of 76 eligible parents participated. Of those parents, 54% were very satisfied with the OPFC. The highest levels of satisfaction were reported in relation to (i) clarification of the severity of the child’s peanut allergy (ii) the support provided by staff and (iii) determining the child was tolerant of peanut or assessed to be at low risk of anaphylaxis from accidental peanut exposure. When the outcome of the challenge was perceived to be equivocal, levels of parental satisfaction were lower. Other areas of dissatisfaction included difficulties inducing peanut ingestion, parental distress at seeing their child unwell and perception of inadequate follow‐up. Ninety‐four per cent of parents could not remember the amount of peanut ingested, and 24% could not remember whether management advice was given after the OPFC or reported that none was given. Reported compliance with recalled advice to avoid peanut was found in all cases but one, whilst recalled advice to reintroduce peanuts following a negative challenge was followed in 5/9 cases. Although 12 parents reported that their child had an allergic reaction caused by accidental exposure to peanut since the OPFC, only four were certain peanut was the cause. Comprehensive education, counselling and follow‐up subsequent to an OPFC are required. Parents of children whose challenge outcome is inconclusive should be targeted for support.
A case of Epstein–Barr virus–associated pulmonary leiomyosarcoma arising five yr after a pediatric renal transplant
Authors: Suzuki Komei , Urushihara Naoto , Fukumoto Koji , Watanabe Kentaro , Wada Naohiro , Takaba Emi 
Published: April 2010

Suzuki K, Urushihara N, Fukumoto K, Watanabe K, Wada N, Takaba E. A case of Epstein–Barr virus–associated pulmonary leiomyosarcoma arising five yr after a pediatric renal transplant. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: E145–E148. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  EBV‐associated SMTs in immuno‐compromised patients have recently been reported. We report on a case of EBV‐associated pulmonary leiomyosarcoma arising five yr after renal transplantation. The patient was an eight‐yr‐old girl, who received a living related kidney transplant from her mother. She had had bilateral giant Wilm’s tumors as an infant and underwent bilateral nephrectomy at one and two yr of age. At the age of seven, she suffered from bronchitis several times, and a year later, two nodules were detected in her left lung by X‐ray and computed tomography. We suspected a recurrence of Wilm’s tumor and performed surgical resection. The pathological finding was SMT with moderate mitosis and no evidence of Wilm’s tumor. The fact that the tumors were positive for EBER suggested an association with the EBV. Six months later, there was a recurrence in her left lung. Surgical resection was performed, and immunosuppressive agents were reduced. Two yr after the second operation, she is well with no recurrence. We report the first case of EBV‐associated pulmonary leiomyosarcoma in a pediatric patient after renal transplantation owing to a malignant tumor.
Development of microsatellite markers in Guineagrass (Panicum maximumJacq.) and their transferability to other tropical forage grass species
Authors: Sousa A. C. B. , Jungmann L. , Campos T. , Sforça D. A. , Boaventura L. R. , Silva G. M. B. , Zucchi M. I. , Jank L. , Souza A. P. 
Published: April 2010

With 1 figure and 1 tableAbstractThe Guineagrass (Panicum maximumJacq.) is one of the most important tropical forage grasses, but genetic knowledge and tools regarding this species are still limited. Therefore, 20 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed, validated, and employed in estimating genetic relationships among 25P. maximumgenotypes selected from a Brazilian germplasm collection. In addition, they were tested for cross‐species amplification in four other forage grass species. The number of alleles observed for each locus ranged from 4 to 12 (average 6.7). The values of polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.41 to 0.83 (average 0.61) and the discriminating power (D) ranged from 0.53 to 0.98 (average 0.72). Cross‐amplification demonstrated the potential transferability of these microsatellites to four tropical forage grass species. Cluster analysis based on the unweighted pair group method revealed three distinct groups: two clusters consisted ofP. maximumgenotypes and a third cluster, consisted of the other tropical forage grass species. The data demonstrated that the microsatellites developed herein have potential for germplasm characterization and genetic diversity analysis inP. maximumand other forage grass species.
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms secondary to sulfasalazine
Authors: Rosenbaum Jeremy , Alex George , Roberts Hugh , Orchard David 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA severe cutaneous eruption in an unwell patient can be a major cause of physician anxiety. With numerous differential diagnoses, an early accurate diagnosis can be challenging. infectious causes are the most important to exclude in a timely manner and drug rash and eosinophilia with systemic symptoms (DRESS) is another differential diagnosis that should be considered in children. This hypersensitivity reaction is associated with multisystem involvement. Children with underlying chronic diseases may have impairment of normal metabolic pathways and are also often on multiple medications. Therefore, drugs should always be considered in the aetiopathology of any new symptoms and signs. This case report informs readers of the association of sulfasalazine and DRESS in an 11‐year‐old with inflammatory bowel disease and discusses its pathogenesis and treatment. Increased awareness of this disorder will hopefully lead to increased reporting and consequently illuminate the syndrome more clearly and help guide its prevention and treatment.
Safety and efficacy of docetaxel, estramustine phosphate and hydrocortisone in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer patients
Authors: Nakagami Yoshihiro , Ohori Makoto , Sakamoto Noboru , Koga Shoji , Hamada Riu , Hatano Tadashi , Tachibana Masaaki 
Published: April 2010

Objective:  To assess the combination of docetaxel (DTX), estramustine phosphate (EMP) and hydrocortisone for patients with hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).Methods:  A total of 63 patients with HRPC were treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen including DTX, EMP, and hydrocortisone. Clinical and pathological features were correlated to serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) recurrence and survival rates. Incidence and degree of toxicities were also retrospectively reviewed.Results:  A median of 11 courses of chemotherapy was administered per patient. PSA levels decreased by >50% in 32 (51%) patients and >90% in 18 (29%) patients. Median time to PSA progression was 6 months (range from 1 to 41 months) and median time of overall survival was 14 months (range from 1 to 56 months). In a univariate analysis to predict overall survival, PSA, hemoglobin, alkaliphosphatase, and performance status prior to the chemotherapy were significant factors. Despite grade 3–4 neutropenia in 87% of patients, grade 5 interstitial pneumonia in one patient and grade 4–5 myocardial infarction in two patients were recognized, the regimen seemed to be relatively safe.Conclusions:  Combination chemotherapy with DTX, EMP and hydrocortisone provides survival benefits for patients with HRPC with an acceptable toxicity profile. We need to further evaluate who might benefit most from this regimen.
A NEW FAMILY OF DIVERGENCE MEASURES FOR TESTS OF FIT
Authors: Mattheou K. , Karagrigoriou A. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe aim of this work is to investigate a new family of divergence measures based on the recently introduced Basu, Harris, Hjort and Jones (BHHJ) measure of divergence (Biometrika 85, 549–559). The new family is investigated in connection with hypothesis testing problems, and new test statistics are proposed. Simulations are performed to check the appropriateness of the proposed test statistics.
Teamwork, Skill Development and Employee Welfare
Authors: Gallie Duncan , Zhou Ying , Felstead Alan , Green Francis 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThere has been a sharp divergence in the literature about the benefits of teamwork. Some have claimed that it is solely in the interests of management, others that it is beneficial for employees and yet others that it makes little difference to either productivity or well‐being. This article draws upon the British Skills Survey Series. It shows that while teamwork did expand between the early 1990s and 2006, this was due primarily to the growth of the type of teamwork that allowed employees little in the way of decision‐making power. Indeed, there was a decrease in the prevalence of self‐directive teamwork. At the same time, our evidence shows that the benefits of teamwork, in terms of both enhancing work motivation and employee welfare, are confined to self‐directive teams, while non‐self‐directive teams suppress the use of personal initiative and discretion at work.
Employer Strategies and Wages in New Service Activities: A Comparison of Co‐ordinated and Liberal Market Economies
Authors: Batt Rosemary , Nohara Hiroatsu , Kwon Hyunji 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUsing survey data for call centre establishments in eight countries, we examine the relationship between wages and human resource practices. High‐involvement work design and the use of performance‐based pay are significantly positively related to wages, whereas intensive use of performance monitoring is negatively associated with wages. These relationships are larger among liberal economies compared with co‐ordinated ones, but individual country differences are large and, in many cases, do not conform to expectations regarding institutional differences between liberal and co‐ordinated market economies. The exception is Denmark.