bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmenter of liver regeneration knockout aggravates tubular ferroptosis and macrophage activation by regulating carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1A‐induced lipid metabolism in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Zheng , Huang Lili , Wang Chunxia , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Ling , Liao Xiaohui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimFerroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death that performs a critical function in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) exists in the inner membrane of mitochondria, and inhibits inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in acute kidney injury; however, its role in DN remains unexplored. Here, we aimed to identify the role of ALR in ferroptosis induction and macrophage activation in DN.MethodsThe expression of ALR was examined in DN patients, db/db DN mice, and HK‐2 cells treated with high glucose (HG). The effects of ALR on ferroptosis and macrophage activation were investigated with ALR conditional knockout, lentivirus transfection, transmission electron microscopy, qRT‐PCR and western blotting assay. Mass spectrometry and rescue experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism of ALR.ResultsALR expression was reduced in the kidney tissues of DN patients and mice, serum of DN patients, and HG‐HK‐2 cells. Moreover, the inhibition of ALR promoted ferroptosis, macrophage activation, and DN progression. Mechanistically, ALR can directly bind to carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1A (CPT1A), the key rate‐limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and inhibit the expression of CPT1A to regulate lipid metabolism involving FAO and lipid droplet‐mitochondrial coupling in DN.ConclusionTaken together, our findings revealed a crucial protective role of ALR in ferroptosis induction and macrophage activation in DN and identified it as an alternative diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for DN.
A study exploring the impact of unemployment on the psychological well‐being of youth
Authors: Wani Haroon Rashid , Ahmed Atiq 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnemployment is widely recognized to cause a variety of psychosocial problems that might have a harmful impact on mental health. The study looks into the psychological well‐being of youth and their personal experiences with the unemployment. This article draws on primary sources to provide an in‐depth understanding of the effects unemployment among youth in Anantnag, Kashmir. The primary data include narratives, which are a qualitative approach that specifically emphasizes the stories of those who were unemployed. To collect the data, a demographic form and an interview guide were used. An unstructured interview schedule was employed with 25 youths with ages ranging from 21 to 32 years. Data were collected from July to August 2023. Participants were selected using the snowball sampling method. All of the participants were from Anantnag, the district in Jammu and Kashmir. As per the findings of the study, unemployment causes youth to feel worthless, lose self‐identity, feel shame, and experience stress. Given the possible detrimental effects of youth unemployment, efforts should be made to increase psychological support for unemployed youth to address mental health issues.
Effects of grazing on functional diversity along secondary succession in a tropical dry forest (Caatinga, Brazil)
Authors: Batista de Sousa José , Sfair Julia Caram , Bermejo Asensio Luis Alberto , Chaves Raquel Bruna , Nunes João Paulo Andrade , Vieira Ivinna Kariny da Costa , Baldauf Cristina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimLivestock production is among the main anthropogenic disturbances in seasonally dry tropical forests. However, its effects on plant functional composition in dry forests is poorly understood. Our goal was to analyze the variation in both functional composition and functional diversity of plant communities under goat grazing and at different ages of fallow in a tropical dry forest.LocationBrazilian dry forest (Caatinga) in Rio Grande do Norte State, northeastern Brazil.MethodsWe measured the height, leaf area, and specific leaf area of all shrub‐tree and herbaceous species along a gradient of stocking rate, years of grazing, and age of fallow. Additionally, we quantified the foliar contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and tannins in the tree shrub layer. We tested the effects of grazing and deforestation using linear mixed models.ResultsOur findings suggest that the functional diversity of plant communities in the Caatinga is not altered when goat grazing and secondary succession are examined independently. However, the interaction of both factors has affected the functional diversity, particularly in the herbaceous layer. Although grazing influenced specific traits in the shrub‐tree layer, the overall functional diversity remained unaltered by grazing, succession, or their interaction.ConclusionsGrazing does not interfere with the natural succession process nor diminish the functional diversity of plant communities in the Caatinga. Therefore, with appropriate management, grazing can coexist with the conservation goals of the Caatinga.
Unequal by malice, protesters by outrage: Agent perceptions drive moralization of, and collective action against, inequality
Authors: Cervone Carmen , Suitner Caterina , Carraro Luciana , Menini Andrea , Maass Anne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEconomic inequality does not encounter strong protests even though individuals are generally against it. One potential explanation of this paradox is that individuals do not perceive inequality as caused by intentional agents, which, in line with the Theory of Dyadic Morality (Schein & Gray, 2018), should prevent its assessment as immoral and consequently dampen moral outrage and collective action. Across three studies, we test and confirm this hypothesis. In Studies 1 (N = 395) and 2 (N = 337), the more participants believed that inequality is human driven and caused by intentional agents, the more they moralized inequality, felt outraged and wanted to engage in collective action. This was confirmed in Study 3 (N = 243) through an experimental design. Thus, our research shows that agent perception is crucial in the moralization of economic inequality and, more broadly, that morality can be a powerful motivator and effectively mobilize people to action.
Case report of ADEM in an adult patient with chikungunya
Authors: Barros João Alfredo M. M. , Vasconcelos Arthur Felipe Barbosa , Carvalho Francisco Anderson de Sá , Filho Gilmar Leite Pessoa , Gomes Ana Luísa Castelo Branco , Leite Raíssa N. L. F. , Bezerra João Felipe , Leite Juliana Magalhães , Andrade Rafael de Souza , Oliveira Bianca Etelvina Santos de , Meira Alex T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAcute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating immune‐mediated disease characterized by bilateral and confluent lesions in white matter (WM), with an acute onset. This condition may arise due to a myriad of etiological factors, encompassing mainly vaccines and viral infections. This case report describes a 39‐y‐old patient who presented with a sudden onset of fever, confusion, and reduced level of consciousness, associated with paraparesis in the lower limbs and urinary retention, 2 d before admission to the neurological emergency department. The work‐up included analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which showed 1.6 cells/mm3 and elevated proteins (91 g/dL); in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and the spinal cord, in which hyperintense ovoid lesions with asymmetrical and bilateral distribution in the WM and basal ganglia were observed in the T2 and FLAIR. Later, chikungunya virus was detected in a molecular viral panel in the CSF. The patient exhibited an improvement radiologically, and in his condition following pulse with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, and 40 mg of prednisone was prescribed for management during outpatient follow‐up. This study highlights arbovirus infections as a possible cause of acute neurological conditions, involving both the brain and the spinal cord. Furthermore, the findings observed in the report were compared with those described in the literature, including other arboviruses. In conclusion, it was observed that the majority of patients responded to treatment with corticosteroids or immunoglobulins, with some neurological deficits eventually persisting. Therefore, more studies are needed to better investigate therapeutic options.
Survival outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary: A national cohort study
Authors: Hardman John C. , Constable James , Dobbs Sian , Hogan Christopher , Hulse Kate , Khosla Shivun , Milinis Kristijonas , Tudor‐Green Ben , Williamson Andrew , Paleri Vinidh ,   INTEGRATE (The UK ENT Trainee Research Network)
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate factors influencing survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (HNSCCUP).MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study was conducted, over 5 years from January 2015, in UK Head and Neck centres, of consecutive adults undergoing 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET‐CT within 3 months of diagnosis with metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Patients treated as HNSCCUP underwent survival analysis, stratified by neck dissection and/or radiotherapy to the ipsilateral neck, and by HPV status.ResultsData were received from 57 centres for 965 patients, of whom 482 started treatment for HNSCCUP (65.7% HPV‐positive, n = 282/429). Five‐year overall survival (OS) for HPV‐positive patients was 85.0% (95% CI 78.4–92.3) and 43.5% (95% CI 32.9–57.5) for HPV‐negative. HPV‐negative status was associated with worse OS, disease‐free (DFS), and disease‐specific (DSS) survival (all p < .0001 on log‐rank test) but not local control (LC) (p = .16). Unilateral HPV‐positive disease treated with surgery alone was associated with significantly worse DFS (p < .0001) and LC (p < .0001) compared to radiotherapy alone or combined modalities (5‐year DFS: 24.9%, 82.3% and 94.3%; 5‐year LC: 41.8%, 98.8% and 98.6%). OS was not significantly different (p = .16). Unilateral HPV‐negative disease treated with surgery alone was associated with significantly worse LC (p = .017) (5‐year LC: estimate unavailable, 93.3% and 96.6%, respectively). Small numbers with bilateral disease precluded meaningful sub‐group analysis.ConclusionsHPV status is associated with variable management and outcomes in HNSCCUP. Unilateral neck disease is treated variably and associated with poorer outcomes when managed with surgery alone. The impact of diagnostic oropharyngeal surgery on primary site emergence, survival and functional outcomes is unestablished.
Simulating drifting fish aggregating device trajectories to identify potential interactions with endangered sea turtles
Authors: Escalle Lauriane , Scutt Phillips J. , Lopez J. , Lynch J. M. , Murua H. , Royer S. J. , Swimmer Y. , Murua J. , Sen Gupta Alex , Restrepo V. , Moreno G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurse‐seine fishers using drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs), mainly built with bamboo, plastic buoys, and plastic netting, to aggregate and catch tropical tuna, deploy 46,000–65,000 dFADs per year in the Pacific Ocean. Some of the major concerns associated with this widespread fishing device are potential entanglement of sea turtles and other marine fauna in dFAD netting; marine debris and pollution; and potential ecological damage via stranding on coral reefs, beaches, and other essential habitats for marine fauna. To assess and quantify the potential connectivity (number of dFADs deployed in an area and arriving in another area) between dFAD deployment areas and important oceanic or coastal habitat of critically endangered leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) sea turtles in the Pacific Ocean, we conducted passive‐drift Lagrangian experiments with simulated dFAD drift profiles and compared them with known important sea turtle areas. Up to 60% of dFADs from equatorial areas were arriving in essential sea turtle habitats. Connectivity was less when only areas where dFADs are currently deployed were used. Our simulations identified potential regions of dFAD interactions with migration and feeding habitats of the east Pacific leatherback turtle in the tropical southeastern Pacific Ocean; coastal habitats of leatherback and hawksbill in the western Pacific (e.g., archipelagic zones of Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands); and foraging habitat of leatherback in a large equatorial area south of Hawaii. Additional research is needed to estimate entanglements of sea turtles with dFADs at sea and to quantify the likely changes in connectivity and distribution of dFADs under new management measures, such as use of alternative nonentangling dFAD designs that biodegrade, or changes in deployment strategies, such as shifting locations.
Factors associated with very high‐risk drinking in the Australian general population: How do men and women compare?
Authors: Kostadinov Victoria , Bonevski Billie , Harrison Nathan J. , Bowden Jacquie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite vulnerability to alcohol‐related harms, women have historically been under‐represented in alcohol research. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of women who drink at very high‐risk levels (11+ standard drinks monthly), factors associated with this consumption and comparisons with men.MethodsSecondary analyses of 2019 National Drug Strategy Household Survey data were undertaken. Significant differences by sex in the distribution of demographic and alcohol‐related variables were explored using chi‐squared and Mann–Whitney U tests. Binary logistic regression examined factors associated with very high‐risk drinking.ResultsVery high‐risk drinking was reported by 10.4% of men and 3.1% of women. Compared to men, women were significantly younger with higher levels of psychological distress/mental health conditions, and were more likely to be unmarried. Both women and men engaged in a range of harm‐minimisation strategies. Odds of very high‐risk drinking were significantly higher for respondents who were male, younger, employed, lived in a regional/rural/remote area, psychologically distressed, smoked and used illicit drugs. Interactions with sex indicated that very high‐risk drinking declined after the age of 24 for men compared to 44 for women. Being married reduced the likelihood of very high‐risk drinking more greatly among women compared to men, while living in a major city reduced the likelihood among men (and not women).Discussion and ConclusionsVery high‐risk drinking is not limited to Australian men, and the women who drink at these levels have distinct profiles and factors associated with consumption.
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the measure of insight into cognition‐self‐report in psychosis‐risk and non‐clinical Mexican young adults
Authors: Fresán Ana , Domínguez Tecelli , Flores Yvonne , Nieto Lourdes , Sheinbaum Tamara , Robles Rebeca , Medalia Alice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimCognitive disturbances typically precede the onset of overt psychotic symptoms and represent a neurobiological marker for psychosis risk that is also associated with poor functional outcomes. The Measure of Insight into Cognition‐Self Report (MIC‐SR) is a widely used 12‐item questionnaire that assesses the perceived frequency of cognitive impairment in the domains of executing functioning, attention, and memory. However, the MIC‐SR is not available in Spanish, one of the most widely spoken languages worldwide. The present study aimed to provide a Spanish version of the MIC‐SR and examine its psychometric properties in psychosis‐risk and non‐clinical Mexican young adults.MethodsThe sample comprised 621 participants who completed a battery of self‐report measures via an online survey. Of the participants, 478 were non‐clinical, and 143 met the screening criteria for a clinical high‐risk for psychosis (CHR‐positive).ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analyses supported a one‐factor model, consistent with the findings for the original MIC‐SR. The results showed adequate fit indices for the general model and the independent models for both groups, with high Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Furthermore, the CHR‐positive group showed more frequent subjective cognitive problems on each of the 12 items, higher total scores, and higher average frequency than the non‐clinical group.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first translation of the MIC‐SR into Spanish. Using the MIC‐SR at the CHR stage may contribute to our understanding of cognitive processes associated with the onset of a psychotic disorder and provide valuable information in the context of detection and early intervention efforts.
Examining the impact of a group treatment using cognitive and social cognition remediation for young offenders: The justice health NSW school‐link advantage pilot study
Authors: Jones Rene , Malouf Peter , Talbot Daniel , Elhindi James , Baker Richard , Harris Anthony 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimYoung offenders experience higher rates of neurodevelopmental and mental health disorders than the general population, and significant access barriers to health treatment. Treatment combining Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) and Social Cognition Remediation Therapy (SCRT) has demonstrated benefits for functional improvements and social development. However, there is limited information regarding group treatment programs in custodial settings for young offenders. This pilot study explores the effectiveness and feasibility of a group treatment program for youth offenders with cognitive deficits and mental health concerns in youth detention.MethodsThe School‐Link Advantage pilot study designed and tested a 10‐week group treatment program combining CRT and SCRT for young offenders in custody. The closed groups incorporated interactive activities focussed on emotional recognition and regulation skills, optimizing executive functioning, understanding values, exploring belief systems, improving relationships, and safety planning.ResultsOf the 22 male participants recruited in an Australian Youth Justice Centre, 12 completed all aspects of the treatment program, reflecting a 54.5% completion rate in a typically challenging to engage population cohort. Results demonstrated significant improvements in the ability to store and retrieve information, recognize information, and control emotions. Planning and organizing skills also showed considerable development.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that a combined CRT and SCRT group treatment program has the potential to effectively target cognitive challenges associated with mental health disorders in young offenders in custody. These promising outcomes suggest exploring randomized controlled trials with increased cultural sensitivity for diverse populations.
Psychotic‐like experiences and associated factors in resident physicians: A Canadian cross‐sectional study
Authors: Paquin Vincent , Guay Emilie , Moderie Christophe , Paradis Camille , Nahiddi Nima , Philippe Frederick L. , Geoffroy Marie‐Claude 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimMedical residency training is associated with a range of sociodemographic, lifestyle and mental health factors that may confer higher risk for psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) in residents, yet little research has examined this question. Thus, we aimed to document the prevalence and associated factors of PLEs among resident physicians.MethodsPhysicians enrolled in residency programmes in the Province of Québec, Canada (four universities) were recruited in Fall 2022 via their programme coordinators and social media. They completed an online questionnaire assessing PLEs in the past 3 months (the 15‐item Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences), as well as sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and mental health. Analyses included survey weights and gamma regressions.ResultsThe sample included 502 residents (mean age, 27.6 years; 65.9% women). Only 1.3% (95% CI: 0.5%, 4.0%) of residents met the screening cut‐off for psychotic disorder. Factors associated with higher scores for PLEs included racialised minority status (relative difference: +7.5%; 95% CI: +2.2%, +13.2%) and English versus French as preferred language (relative difference: +7.9% 95% CI: +3.1%, +12.9%), as well as each additional point on scales of depression (relative difference: +0.8%; 95% CI: +0.3%, +1.3%) and anxiety (relative difference: +1.3%; 95% CI: +0.8%, +1.7%). In secondary analyses, racialised minority status was associated with persecutory items, but not with other PLEs. Gender, residency programmes and lifestyle variables were not associated with PLEs.ConclusionsThis study found low reports of PLEs in a sample of resident physicians. Associations of PLEs with minoritised status may reflect experiences of discrimination.
Paralysing parallelism? Co‐existing agile and traditional organisational paths in large‐scale telecommunications
Authors: Zientara Ronja , Müller‐Seitz Gordon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious research on co‐existing paths has usually revolved around the development of a novel path that finally supersedes an existing path. In contrast, this study introduces an empirically grounded conception of the dynamic interplay between two intentionally co‐existing organisational paths, one path persisting although in decline and one emergent path, where parallelism between the paths prevails. Our research is based upon a longitudinal, explorative case study at a large‐scale telecommunications corporation, which tackles the challenge of introducing a new organisational path (i.e. an agile approach) while at the same time—intentionally and for good reasons—sticking to an older, well‐established organisational path for some of its operations (i.e. a traditional management approach), leading to a fadeaway from the old path. We contribute to the literature by elucidating the evolving interaction dynamics of two parallel paths and how they give rise to a phenomenon we term paralysing parallelism in organisational paths. Towards this end, we elucidate the role of endogenous and exogenous self‐reinforcing mechanisms.
Dynamic tensile viscoelastic properties of porcine periodontal ligament
Authors: Yang Song , Zhao Qiuxu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe periodontal ligament plays a significant role in orthodontic and masticatory processes. To explicitly investigate the effects of dynamic force amplitude and frequency on the dynamic tensile properties of the periodontal ligament, in vitro tensile experiments were conducted using a dynamic mechanical analysis at various dynamic force amplitudes across a wide frequency range. Storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor values were measured. A Maxwell constitutive model based on modulus was established to describe the dynamic mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament. The results showed that the storage modulus ranged from 29.53 MPa to 158.24 MPa, the loss modulus ranged from 3.26 MPa to 76.16 MPa, and the loss factor values all increased with higher frequencies and higher dynamic force amplitudes. Based on the parameters obtained from the fitting results, it is evident that the short‐term response has a more pronounced impact on the elastic response of the periodontal ligament than the long‐term response. Increasing the dynamic force amplitude and its frequency amplified the viscous effects of the periodontal ligament and enhanced energy dissipation. The proposed constitutive model further demonstrated that the periodontal ligament acts as a viscoelastic biomaterial. These findings have implications for future research on the periodontal ligament.