bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diving Mammals
Authors: Ponganis Paul J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe ability of diving mammals to forage at depth on a breath hold of air is dependent on gas exchange, both in the lung and in peripheral tissues. Anatomical and physiological adaptations in the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, blood and peripheral tissues contribute to the remarkable breath‐hold capacities of these animals. The end results of these adaptations include efficient ventilation, enhanced oxygen storage, regulated transport and delivery of respiratory gases, extreme hypoxemic/ischemic tolerance, and pressure tolerance. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:447‐465, 2011.
Microgravity
Authors: Prisk G. Kim 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGravity profoundly affects the overall mechanics of the respiratory system. Functional residual capacity, when measured in sustained microgravity, is intermediate to that present in the standing and supine postures in 1G, consistent with early modeling studies. This change occurs almost exclusively through changes in the abdominal compliance and thus in the volume of the abdominal compartment, with the rib cage being relatively unaffected by gravity. Microgravity leaves vital capacity unaltered once the initial translocation of blood into the thorax is corrected by homeostatic mechanisms, but residual volume is reduced, likely through a more uniform distribution of alveolar size permitting deflation to a lower overall lung volume. Expiratory flows are unaffected by microgravity provided they are measured following normalization of the intrathoracic blood volume. During sleep in microgravity, there is an almost complete abolition of obstructive sleep apnea events. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:485‐497, 2011.
Analysis and effective controller design for the cascaded H‐bridge multilevel APF with adaptive signal processing algorithms
Authors: Xu Lin , Han Yang , Khan M. M. , Pan Jun‐Min , Chen Chen , Yao Gang , Zhou Li‐Dan 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThe cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter is being recognized as the most suitable topology for high‐power medium‐voltage power quality conditioning applications. This paper presents mathematical modeling and effective controller design methodology for the CHB‐based active power filters (APFs), which achieves dynamic reactive power and harmonic compensation. The most crucial problems in CHB‐APF control are the simultaneous requirements of both accurate harmonic current compensation and the dc‐link voltage stabilization among the H‐bridges, which is the prerequisite for the stable operation of CHB‐APF. To achieve dc‐link stabilization, a novel voltage balancing algorithm is proposed by splitting the dc‐link voltage control task into two parts, namely, the average voltage control and the voltage balancing control, where the sine and cosine functions of the phase angle of the fundamental component of the grid voltage are used, respectively. To ensure accurate phase tracking, a novel phase‐locked loop (PLL) is proposed by using the adaptive linear neural network (ADALINE), where the grid voltage background distortion is also taken into account. The superior performance of the ADALINE‐PLL is validated by comparison with the existing PLLs in literatures. Furthermore, the proportional‐resonant (PR) controller is used for the reference current tracking. A separate ADALINE algorithm is applied for reference current generation (RCG) for the CHB‐APF. The excellent performance of the ADALINE‐based RCG scheme is verified by comparison with the existing RCG schemes, namely, the low‐pass filter approach and the single‐phase p − qmethod. The experimental results on the three modules CHB‐APF are presented, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecohydrology of dry regions of the United States: water balance consequences of small precipitation events
Authors: Lauenroth William K. , Bradford John B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSmall precipitation events (≤5 mm) are a key component of the precipitation regimes of dry regions in the United States. Understanding their importance is useful, but exploring their significance for water balance processes is of utmost consequence for our knowledge about the functioning of ecosystems and their responses to climate change. Our objective was to evaluate the implications of precipitation event size distributions for the partitioning of water loss between evaporation and transpiration and for the number of days with wet soil. We used sites from the Great Plains of the United States to provide long‐term weather data for our simulation analyses. Our simulations varied distributions of precipitation event size and potential evapotranspiration (PET) for two contrasting soils: a sandy loam with low water holding capacity and a silt loam with high water holding capacity. Event size and specifically the numerical importance of the smallest size (0–5 mm) was the most important control on our results. Soil water holding capacity and PET were important modifiers of the responses. The ratio of evaporation to actual evapotranspiration (E/AET) increased as the percentage of small events increased and as PET increased. E/AET was greater for all combinations of event size and PET for the silt loam than for the sandy loam soils. The number of days with wet soil decreased as small events and PET increased. Our results suggest that the number of small events is one of the most important controls on water balance processes in arid and semiarid regions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐hazard upgrade decision making for critical infrastructure based on life‐cycle cost criteria
Authors: Jalayer F. , Asprone D. , Prota A. , Manfredi G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe life‐cycle cost can be regarded as a benchmark variable in decision making problems involving the retrofit and upgrading of existing structures. A critical infrastructure is often subjected to more than one hazard during its lifetime. Therefore, the problem of evaluating the life‐cycle cost involves uncertainties in both loading and structural modeling parameters. The present study is a preliminary study aiming to calculate the expected life‐cycle cost for a critical infrastructure subjected to more than one hazard in its service lifetime. A methodology is presented that takes into account both the uncertainty in the occurrence of future events due to different types of hazard and also the deterioration of the structure as a result of a series of events. In order to satisfy life safety conditions, the probability of exceeding the limit state of collapse is constrained to be smaller than an allowable threshold. Finally, the methodology is implemented in an illustrative numerical example which considers a structure subjected to both seismic hazard and blast hazard in both upgraded and non‐upgraded configurations. It is demonstrated how expected life‐cycle cost can be used as a criterion to distinguish between the two choices while satisfying the life safety constraint. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the gene expression pattern of bovine blastocysts at three stages of development
Authors: Rekik Wiem , Dufort Isabelle , Sirard Marc‐André 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBlastocyst formation is a primordial event of pre‐implantation development since it is required for pregnancy establishment and progression. The blastocyst plays a pivotal role because it is the stage at which the embryo starts coordinated cross‐talk with the mother. It is also the terminal step before transfer in bovine; it reflects all stresses the embryo may have faced during the process of in vitro treatment. Achieving the formation of a morphologically healthy blastocyst following normal kinetics is good, but remains a poor indicator of embryo quality. Considering the limitation of the invasive methods for competence assessment, the analysis of blastocysts' gene expression is a promising way to improve our understanding of blastocyst formation and to study the effects of different treatments on gene expression. To that end, early, expanded, and hatched blastocysts, derived from in vitro fertilization and culture, were collected for RNA extraction, amplification, and cDNA microarray hybridization. Gene candidates (IFNt, PLAC8, SSLP1, AKR1B1, HNRNPA2B1, ARGFX, NANOS, CCNB1) were selected and confirmed using real‐time RT‐PCR to validate the microarray data. Our analysis showed that hatched blastocysts are enriched in transcripts implicated in attachment, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix digestion. Early blastocysts expressed genes mainly involved in cell cycle control, transcription, and translation. Real‐time RT‐PCR validated most microarray results (87.5%). Overall, our study provides new insights into the molecular regulation of blastocyst formation. In addition, it could help assess blastocyst staging and select better embryos based on the expression of quality markers. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:226–240, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simplified analytical solution for point load acting behind a cantilever wall
Authors: Iskander George Maurice 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThe analysis of earth pressure resulting from an applied point load behind a retaining wall is to be carried out in three dimensions as the earth pressure distribution varies both in vertical and horizontal directions. In this research, the semi‐empirical expressions developed by Terzaghi [Trans. ASCE1954;119] for earth pressure due to point load are integrated and a correction factor is introduced to develop equivalent equations for two‐dimensional analyses. A new parameter referred to as the design width, which is the horizontal distance retained by the individual vertical retaining element is introduced. The used procedure and the resulted equations are tested and verified by adopting different design width values covering the practical range. The resulted equations together with the semi‐empirical expressions of earth pressure due to line load developed by Terzaghi [Trans. ASCE1954;119] can be easily used for two‐dimensional analysis of the effect of point load. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Nothing works!” A case study using cognitive‐behavioral interventions to engage parents, educators, and children in the management of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Levine Eva S. , Anshel Daphne J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains one of the most prevalent mental health diagnoses identified in school‐age children. Affected children show an increased risk for school failure, social difficulties, and the development of psychiatric comorbidities. Despite the availability of evidence‐based behavioral protocols for managing ADHD‐related impairments, school psychologists often encounter difficulties involving teaching staff and parents in the sustained implementation of these interventions. Cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) can address treatment obstacles through emphasizing psychoeducation, the development of a collaborative treatment context, and the identification of thoughts and assumptions that maintain maladaptive behavior patterns. This article presents a case study of Alex, an 8‐year‐old child with ADHD. The school psychologist treating Alex supplemented standard contingency management training with parent‐, teacher‐, and child‐focused CBT strategies. This case study outlines a central role for CBT in school‐based ADHD management. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parent feedback conferences: An opportunity to intervene?
Authors: Flanagan Rosemary 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSchool personnel and parents refer youth for psychoeducational evaluations for various reasons. At times, the data do not indicate difficulties that necessitate any level of special education services. That should not mean that the school psychologist's work is complete. Given that evaluation data can indicate a wide variety of issues, including ones that are indirectly related to the referral question, it seems appropriate for the school psychologist to be able to offer expertise on these related issues. In this article, a role for the school psychologist as an individual who could offer targeted intervention in a brief meeting is discussed. Some behavioral, affective, and interpersonal concerns of children and their families might be addressed in this manner, and of course, could be followed up or revisited readily. Cognitive and behavioral interventions are particularly suitable for this purpose. Thus, the school psychologist is in a unique position to provide assistance, which may be akin to single‐session psychotherapy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charge inversion via concurrent cation and anion transfer: application to corticosteroids
Authors: Hassell Kerry M. , LeBlanc Yves , McLuckey Scott A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA novel charge inversion process that involves the removal of an excess cation from an analyte ion and the transfer of an anion to the neutral analyte in a single ion/ion encounter is described. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) half‐generation dendrimer anions that contain small anions, such as the chloride ion, were used as charge inversion reagents. Several competing processes can occur that include removal of the cation to neutralize the analyte, the removal of the excess cation and an additional proton to yield the deprotonated molecule, or removal of the excess cation and transfer of a small anion to the analyte. For the latter process to dominate, several requirements for both the reagent anion and the analyte cation must be met. The reagent anion must form multiply charged anions and must be able to incorporate one or more small anions for transfer. The analyte must have no strongly acidic sites as well as a relatively high affinity for small anion attachment. The PAMAM dendrimer anions must meet the conditions for the reagent anions and the cations of the corticosteroids meet the conditions for the analyte. The estrogenic steroid estrone, on the other hand, does not meet the requirements and, as a result, is largely neutralized when reacted with the reagent anions. This reaction, therefore, is highly selective and might serve as a useful reaction for the screening of appropriate analytes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A quantitation method for mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Koeniger Stormy L. , Talaty Nari , Luo Yanping , Ready Damien , Voorbach Martin , Seifert Terese , Cepa Steve , Fagerland Jane A. , Bouska Jennifer , Buck Wayne , Johnson Robert W. , Spanton Stephen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new quantitation method for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has been developed. In this method, drug concentrations were determined by tissue homogenization of five 10 µm tissue sections adjacent to those analyzed by MSI. Drug levels in tissue extracts were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The integrated MSI response was correlated to the LC/MS/MS drug concentrations to determine the amount of drug detected per MSI ion count. The study reported here evaluates olanzapine in liver tissue. Tissue samples containing a range of concentrations were created from liver harvested from rats administered a single dose of olanzapine at 0, 1, 4, 8, 16, 30, or 100 mg/kg. The liver samples were then analyzed by MALDI‐MSI and LC/MS/MS. The MALDI‐MSI and LC/MS/MS correlation was determined for tissue concentrations of ∼300 to 60 000 ng/g and yielded a linear relationship over two orders of magnitude (R2 = 0.9792). From this correlation, a conversion factor of 6.3 ± 0.23 fg/ion count was used to quantitate MSI responses at the pixel level (100 µm). The details of the method, its importance in pharmaceutical analysis, and the considerations necessary when implementing it are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Er71 Is an Important Regulator of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Adult Mice
Authors: Lee Dongjun , Kim Tackhoon , Lim Dae-Sik 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The Ets transcription factor Er71 is an important regulator of endothelial and hematopoietic development during mammalian embryogenesis. However, the role of Er71 in adult hematopoiesis has remained unknown. We now first show that conditional deletion of Er71 in the hematopoietic system of adult mice results in a marked reduction (55%) in the number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that is likely due to increased cell death. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) experiments further confirmed that Er71 is required for repopulation of HSCs. In addition, Er71+/− mice exhibited a slight decrease (37%) in the number of HSCs than those of Er71+/+ mice, indicating that the function of Er71 in HSC maintenance is dependent on gene dosage. Moreover, Er71 was shown to be required for Tie2 expression, which contributes to HSC maintenance. Our results thus suggest the role of a single transcription factor in controlling HSCs through regulation of Tie2 expression in adult animals.
Retrofit of RC frames against progressive collapse using prestressing tendons
Authors: Kim Jinkoo , Shin Woo‐Seung 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThis study investigates the effect of prestressing tendons on the progressive collapse performance of a 6‐ and 20‐story reinforced concrete model structures. According to nonlinear static and dynamic analysis results, the analysis model structures turned out to be vulnerable to progressive collapse caused by sudden loss of a first story column. However, the RC structures reinforced by external prestressing tendons along floor girders showed stable behavior against progressive collapse. The retrofit effect increased as the initial tension and cross‐sectional area of tendons increased. The incremental dynamic analyses showed that the seismic performance of the model structure was also enhanced after the retrofit using tendons. Based on analysis results, it was concluded that the retrofit of existing buildings using prestressing tendons could be effective for increasing both progressive collapse resisting capacity and seismic performance of RC framed structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manifold‐based canonical correlation analysis for wireless sensor network localization
Authors: Gu Jingjing , Chen Songcan 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTSignal‐strength‐based location estimation in wireless sensor networks is to locate the physical positions of unknown sensorsviathe received signal strengths. In this field, there are few localization researches sufficiently exploiting topology structures of the network in both signal space and physical space. The goal of this paper is to first establish two effective localization models based on specific manifold (or local) structures of both signal space and physical (location) space by using our previous locality preserving canonical correlation analysis (LPCCA) model and a newly‐proposed locality correlation analysis (LCA) model, and then develop their corresponding novel location algorithms, called location estimation—LPCCA (LE—LPCCA) and location estimation—LCA (LE—LCA). Since both LPCCA and LCA relatively sufficiently take into account locality characteristics of the manifold structures in both the spaces, our localization algorithms developed from them consequently achieve better localization accuracy than other publicly available advanced algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A link adaptation scheme for the downlink of mobile hotspot
Authors: Hasan Md. M. , Mark Jon W. , Shen X. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTA link adaptation (LA) scheme for the downlink of mobile hotspot, which is supported by an IEEE 802.16e or mobile WiMAX network, is proposed. The mobile WiMAX uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in its physical layer. The main function of the LA scheme is to select an appropriate burst profile, which includes a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission mode, modulation technique, and coding scheme. We formulate a discrete optimization problem for the LA scheme by maximizing the throughput. An algorithm to implement the LA scheme is also proposed. Numerical results show that the proposed LA scheme exhibits good performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing technological initiatives for youth participation and local community engagement
Authors: Burd Leo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRecent advances in technology are transforming our lives, but in many cases they are also limiting the way children are exposed to local communities and physical spaces. Technology can help young people actively connect with their neighborhoods, but doing that requires different methods and tools from the ones typically available in schools, homes, and youth centers. This article introduces a theoretical framework describing the technical and nontechnical elements that must be considered in the implementation of technology initiatives for youth participation and local community engagement. The article then describes the application of the framework in two multiyear initiatives.
Insulin Stimulates Lipogenesis and Attenuates Beta‐Oxidation in White Adipose Tissue of Fed Rainbow Trout
Authors: Polakof S. , Médale F. , Larroquet L. , Vachot C. , Corraze G. , Panserat S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAs lipid deposition tissue in fish, the white adipose tissue (WAT) has important functions related to reproduction and the challenges of long‐term fasting. In the study reported here, we infused fish fed a high‐carbohydrate diet with two doses of insulin for 5 days in order to explore the effects of this hormone on lipogenesis and beta‐oxidation‐related enzymes. We demonstrated the presence of some of the main lipogenic enzymes at molecular, protein and activity levels (ATP‐citrate lyase and fatty acid synthase). However, while ATP‐citrate lyase was unexpectedly down‐regulated, fatty acid synthase was up‐regulated (at protein and activity levels) in an insulin dose‐dependent manner. The main enzymes acting as NADPH donors for lipogenesis were also characterized at biochemical and molecular levels, although there was no evidence of their regulation by insulin. On the other hand, lipid oxidation potential was found in this tissue through the measurement of gene expression of enzymes involved in β‐oxidation, highlighting two carnitine palmitoyltransferase isoforms, both down‐regulated by insulin infusion. We found that insulin acts as an important regulator of trout WAT lipid metabolism, inducing the final stage of lipogenesis at molecular, protein and enzyme activity levels and suppressing β‐oxidation at least at a molecular level. These results suggest that WAT in fish may have a role that is important not only as a lipid deposition tissue but also as a lipogenic organ (with possible involvement in glucose homeostasis) that could also be able to utilize the lipids stored as a local energy source.
Unabhängige Patientenberatung in Deutschland
Authors: Schröder Jane , Lochner Sophie , Kirch Wilhelm 
Published: January 2011

Einleitung
Im Jahr 2000 wurden die gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungen in Deutschland verpflichtet, im Rahmen von Modellvorhaben Einrichtungen zur Verbraucher- oder Patientenberatung zu fördern. In einer ersten Modellphase wurden zunächst 30 Projekte mit unterschiedlichen Konzepten und inhaltlichen Schwerpunkten finanziell unterstützt. Aufbauend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen und Erfahrungen wurde in einer zweiten Förderphase der Modellverbund „Unabhängige Patientenberatung Deutschland“ (UPD) initiiert.