bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D geological modelling of a polyphase deformed pre‐Variscan IOCG mineralization located at the southeastern border of the Ossa Morena Zone, Iberian Massif (Spain)
Authors: Gumiel Pablo , Arias Mónica , Martín‐Izard Agustín 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA previously unrecorded group of stratiform and stratabound‐type magnetite beds (IOCG) has been found at the southeastern border of the Ossa Morena Zone (Variscan Massif of Spain). These mineralizations, hosted in Upper Precambrian‐Lower Cambrian rocks, are located in a transpressive belt, and were strongly deformed by the Variscan Orogeny, thus showing polyphase noncoaxial folding. This folding has been recognized by the interference patterns observed in magnetite beds outcropping in old mine workings. A detailed mapping of several adits shows a Ramsay type 1 ‘egg box’ or dome‐and‐basin interference pattern which arises when both D1 (NW‐SE trending) and D2 (NE‐SW trending) fold axes and axial planes are orthogonal or at a high angle to each other. An analysis of the magnetitic layers using orthogonal thickness and conic functions has been carried out to characterize fold profiles geometry.Deformation is also accommodated by oblique WNW‐ESE trending thrust faults which produce centimetric to metric displacements of the magnetite beds. A 22% shortening in the NE‐SW direction and 24% in the NW‐SE direction has been estimated. Finally, as polyphase folding and thrust structures in three dimensions have a complex geometry, a 3D geological modelling has been carried out to obtain a better insight into the geometry of mineralized magnetite bodies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of bedding in the formation of fault–fold structures, Portalegre‐Esperança transpressional shear zone, SW Iberia
Authors: Pereira M. F. , Silva J. B. , Ribeiro C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFold‐fault structures within a major transpressional shear zone of the SW Iberian Massif were investigated by combining geological mapping, cross‐section analysis and microtectonic studies. A significant example of contractional deformation is displayed in the Portalegre‐Esperança Shear Zone (PESZ) where a heterogeneous Ordovician stratigraphic sequence, showing a strong competence contrast between quartzites, slates and quartzo‐feldspathic rocks favoured strain localization and fault nucleation that controlled fold formation. The presence of pelitic layers within the thick‐bedded quartzites had probably provided weakness zones that were more favourable for the strain localization than the previous foliation present in the quartzites. The quartzites and the quartzo‐feldspathic rocks (granites and volcaniclastic rocks) accommodated heterogeneous high strain developing different degrees of mylonitization. The quartzites with protomylonitic textures are dominant and represent coarse‐grained siliciclastic sediments that suffered metamorphism and partial dynamic recrystallization. Ultramylonites occur within discrete high‐strain shear zones. It is probable that the strain localization in the PESZ involved both the effect of having layers of different competence and layers or stratigraphic contacts with rocks that experienced grain size reduction dominated by cataclasis and dislocation creep.Folds within quartzites with sub‐horizontal to gently plunging hinges vary from closed to open in thick‐bedded quartzites and from tight to closed in thin‐bedded quartzites. Observed changes in structural style of deformed quartzites, slates and quartzo‐feldspathic rocks are interpreted to result from the constraints imposed by the mechanical properties of the different lithologies.As the folds tightened during shortening, the alternating zones of contrasting competence favoured the disruption of the bedding. The deformation history in the PESZ was dominated by thrusting and strike‐slip faulting along incompetent layers that locally developed staircase geometry and transected the lower Ordovician stratigraphic sequence. The kinematic model proposed for the PESZ is consistent with the models of transpressional shear zones stretched along strike with the development of coeval strike‐slip and low angle oblique‐slip faults associated to active buckle folds with axes parallel to the principal extension direction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dendritic mechanisms controlling the threshold and timing requirement of synaptic plasticity
Authors: Zhao Cuiping , Wang Lang , Netoff Theoden , Yuan Li‐Lian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractActive conductances located and operating on neuronal dendrites are expected to regulate synaptic integration and plasticity. We investigate how Kv4.2‐mediated A‐type K+ channels and Ca2+‐activated K+ channels are involved in the induction process of Hebbian‐type plasticity that requires correlated pre‐ and postsynaptic activities. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, robust long‐term potentiation (LTP) induced by a theta burst pairing protocol usually occurred within a narrow window during which incoming synaptic potentials coincided with postsynaptic depolarization. Elimination of dendritic A‐type K+ currents in Kv4.2−/− mice, however, resulted in an expanded time window, making the induction of synaptic potentiation less dependent on the temporal relation of pre‐ and postsynaptic activity. For the other type of synaptic plasticity, long‐term depression, the threshold was significantly increased in Kv4.2−/− mice. This shift in depression threshold was restored to normal when the appropriate amount of internal free calcium was chelated during induction. In concert with A‐type channels, Ca2+‐activated K+ channels also exerted a sliding effect on synaptic plasticity. Blocking these channels in Kv4.2−/− mice resulted in an even larger potentiation while by contrast, the depression threshold was shifted further. In conclusion, dendritic A‐type and Ca2+‐activated K+ channels dually regulate the timing‐dependence and thresholds of synaptic plasticity in an additive way. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal GABAergic dysfunction in a rat chronic mild stress model of depression
Authors: Holm Mai Marie , Nieto‐Gonzalez Jose Luis , Vardya Irina , Henningsen Kim , Jayatissa Magdalena Niepsuj , Wiborg Ove , Jensen Kimmo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn major depression, one line of research indicates that a dysfunctional GABAergic inhibitory system is linked to the appearance of depressive symptoms. However, as the mechanistic details of such GABAergic deficit are largely unknown, we undertook a functional investigation of the GABAergic system in the rat chronic mild stress model of depression. Adult rats were exposed to an eight‐week long stress protocol leading to anhedonic‐like behavior. In hippocampal brain slices, phasic, and tonic GABAA receptor‐mediated currents in dentate gyrus granule cells were examined using patch‐clamp recordings. In granule cells, the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) was reduced to 41% in anhedonic‐like rats, which was associated with a reduced probability of evoked GABA release. Using immunohistochemical analysis, there was no change in the number of parvalbumin‐positive interneurons in the dentate gyrus. Notably, we observed a 60% increase in THIP‐activated tonic GABAA mediated current in anhedonic‐like rats, suggesting an upregulation of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. Finally, five weeks treatment with the antidepressant escitalopram partially reversed the sIPSCs frequency. In summary, we have revealed a hippocampal dysfunction in the GABAergic system in the chronic mild stress model of depression in rats, caused by a reduction in action potential‐dependent GABA release. Since the function of the GABAergic system was improved by antidepressant treatment, in parallel with behavioral read outs, it suggests a role of the GABAergic system in the pathophysiology of depression. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Updating the hippocampal representation of space: Place cell firing fields are controlled by a novel spatial stimulus
Authors: Barry Jeremy , Muller Robert 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo ask if the properties of spatial learning supported by the hippocampus are distinct from the properties of conditioning, we conducted a blocking‐like experiment in which the measured variable was not a conditioned response but rather the ability of a novel visual stimulus to control the location of place cell firing fields after being briefly combined with a familiar, salient stimulus to form a compound stimulus. For most rats, we found that rotations of the novel stimulus on the wall of a cylindrical recording chamber produced equal rotations of firing fields, whether exposure to the compound stimulus lasted 10 min or 60 min. Thus, there was little indication that the blocking phenomenon (Kamin, 1969) acted to prevent the rapid inclusion of a new stimulus into a previously experienced cue constellation. This result is in agreement with the finding of Doeller and Burgess (2008) that blocking is seen for landmark stimuli inside an arena but not for boundary stimuli that circumscribe the arena. We conclude that the rules governing incidental spatial learning are different for the hippocampal representation of a rat's environment than for conditioning. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal neuronal responses during signaled licking of gustatory stimuli in different contexts
Authors: Ho Anh Son , Hori Etsuro , Thi Nguyen Phuong Hong , Urakawa Susumu , Kondoh Takashi , Torii Kunio , Ono Taketoshi , Nishijo Hisao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNeuroanatomical studies suggest that hippocampal formation (HF) receives information from all sensory modalities including taste via the parahippocampal cortices. To date, however, no neurophysiological study has reported that HF neurons encode taste information. In the present study, we recorded CA1 HF neurons from freely behaving rats during performance of a visually‐guided licking task in two different triangular chambers. When a cue lamp came on, the rats were required to press a bar to trigger a tube to protrude into the chambers for 3 s. During this period, the rats could lick one of six sapid solutions: [0.1M NaCl (salty), 0.3M sucrose (sweet), 0.01M citric acid (sour), 0.0001M quinine HCl (bitter), 0.01M monosodium L‐glutamate (MSG, umami), and a mixture of MSG and 0.001M disodium‐5′‐inosinate (IMP) (MSG+IMP)], and distilled water. Of a total 285 pyramidal and interneurons, the activity of 173 was correlated with at least one of the events in the task—illumination of cue lamps, bar pressing, or licking the solution. Of these, 137 neurons responded during licking, and responses of 62 of these cells were greater to sapid solutions than to water (taste neurons). Multivariate analyses of the taste neurons suggested that, in the HF, taste quality might be encoded based on hedonic value. Furthermore, the activity of most taste neurons was chamber‐specific. These results implicate the HF in guiding appetitive behaviors such as conditioned place preference. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soil pipe distribution and hydrological functioning within the humid tropics: a synthesis
Authors: Chappell Nick A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSome of the most responsive runoff systems in the world are found within the humid tropics. These runoff responses are likely to be affected by the presence ofnatural pipeswithin the soil. This study provides a synthesis of the hydrological aspects of these phenomena within the humid tropics. Of the studies reporting the presence of soil piping within the humid tropics, most are associated with Ultisol soils, and, locally, most pipe outlets are observed on the lower sections of hillslopes. While the drainage role of pipes has been observed (providing faster and slower components of stream hydrographs), the mechanism of their recharge remains less clear. In part, this is because their spatial extent is poorly mapped within the hillslopes of the humid tropics. Further studies quantifying the length and recharge of soil pipe networks within the humid tropics are needed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluacrypyrim, a novel STAT3 activation inhibitor, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells harboring constitutively‐active STAT3
Authors: Yu Zu‐Yin , Huang Rui , Xiao He , Sun Wen‐Feng , Shan Ya‐Jun , Wang Bo , Zhao Ting‐Ting , Dong Bo , Zhao Zhen‐Hu , Liu Xiao‐Lan , Wang Sheng‐Qi , Yang Ri‐Fang , Luo Qing‐Liang , Cong Yu‐Wen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSTAT3 protein has an important role in oncogenesis and is a promising anticancer target. Herein, we demonstrate that a novel small molecule fluacrypyrim (FAPM) inhibits the growth of leukemia cells by a predominant G1 arrest with significant decrease of the protein and mRNA levels of cyclin D1. As cyclin D1 is transcriptionally regulated by STAT3, FAPM is then shown to markedly inhibit the STAT3 phosphorylation with marginal effect on the other signal transducers and activators of transcription, and without effect on phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways. Further analysis shows that FAPM significantly increases the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) activity in a dose‐dependent manner, and the inhibition of PTP activation by sodium pervanadate reverses FAPM‐induced suppression of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation, indicating an important role of PTP in the action of FAPM. Finally, FAPM treatment results in selective suppression of STAT3‐mediated transcriptional activity and its downstream effectors, and subsequent induction of growth arrest and apoptosis in STAT3‐dependent cancer cell lines. This study therefore identifies FAPM as a potent STAT3 activation inhibitor with possible therapeutic potential against malignancies with constitutive STAT3 activation.
High expression stability of microtubule affinity regulating kinase 3 (MARK3) makes it a reliable reference gene
Authors: Chia Ching‐Yee , Lim Claudia WX , Leong Wan‐Ting , Ling Maurice HT 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDifference in gene expressions is characteristic of the function of different cell types and those genes with low expression variance can be used as standards for quantitative gene expression studies. Microarray technology is used to study global gene expression within a cell; hence, represents a suitable source of data to mine for genes with low expression variance. The coefficient of variation (COV) of each gene was determined and a threshold of less than 0.1 COV was used to select stably expressed genes in each data set. Our results showed that microtubule affinity‐regulating kinase 3 (MARK3) has the lowest COV in eight microarray datasets. In addition, the gene expression of housekeeping genes, which is very likely to be stably expressed, tends to fluctuate highly under different conditions, marking them as being less reliable for use as reference genes. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(3): 200–203, 2010
Density functional investigation and bonding analysis of pentacoordinated iron complexes with mixed cyano and carbonyl ligands
Authors: Tsalavoutis John T. , Sigalas Michael P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe equilibrium structures and vibrational frequencies of the iron complexes [Fe0(CN)n(CO)5−n]n− and [FeII(CN)n(CO)5−n]2−n (n = 0–5) have been calculated at the BP86 level of theory. The Fe0 complexes adopt trigonal bipyramidal structures with the cyano ligands occupying the axial positions, whereas corresponding Fe2+ complexes adopt square pyramidal structures with the cyano ligands in the equatorial positions. The calculated geometries and vibrational frequencies of the mixed iron Fe0 carbonyl cyanide complexes are in a very good agreement with the available experimental data. The nature of the FeCN and FeCO bonds has been analyzed with both charge decomposition and energy partitioning analysis. The results of energy partitioning analysis of the FeCO bonds shows that the binding interactions in Fe0 complexes have 50–55% electrostatic and 45–50% covalent character, whereas in Fe2+ 45–50% electrostatic and 50–55% covalent character. There is a significant contribution of the π‐ orbital interaction to the FeCO covalent bonding which increases as the number of the cyano groups increases, and the complexes become more negatively charged. This contribution decreases in going from Fe0 to Fe2+ complexes. Also, this contribution correlates very well with the CO stretching frequencies. The FeCN bonds have much less π‐character (12–30%) than the FeCO bonds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Is procalcitonin better than C‐reactive protein for early diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in children?
Authors: Khan Dilshad Ahmad , Rahman Aisha , Khan Farooq Ahmad 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEarly diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia plays a pivotal role in the management. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT) as compared with C‐reactive protein (CRP) for the early diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in children. In total, 92 children consisting of 46 patients of bacterial pneumonia were admitted in the Military hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan and equal number of controls were included. Patient's investigations were carried out at admission. PCT and CRP were analyzed on Vidas analyzer and Immulite 1000, respectively. Out of 46 pneumonia patients, 28 were male and 18 female, with a median age of 4 years. PCT levels were significantly high median (range) of 2.69 ng/ml (0.30–13.00) vs. 0.45 ng/ml (0.10–2.00) in controls. Serum CRP levels were moderately elevated with median (range) 6.5 mg/l (0.30–60) vs. 0.30 mg/l (0.30–5.0) in controls. The area under receiver characteristic curves for PCT and CRP were 0.89 (95% CI=0.83–0.96) and 0.79 (95% CI=0.70–0.88), respectively. In total, 38 patients were diagnosed to have bacterial pneumonia with PCT (sensitivity 83% at cutoff ≥1 ng/ml) and 26 children with CRP (sensitivity 57% at cutoff ≥6 mg/L). PCT has better diagnostic accuracy than CRP and can be utilized for early diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in children. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:1–5, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in cancerous bladder tissue and their relation with bacterial infection: a controlled clinical study
Authors: Bayraktar Nihayet , Kilic Suleyman , Bayraktar Mehmet Refik , Aksoy Nurten 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIt is well known that antioxidants and reactive oxygen species play an important role in carcinogenesis. In this sudy, we attempted to evaluate antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels in cancerous bladder tissue and to determine their relationship with bacterial infection. Bacterial culture was made from all urine samples using Blood and Eosin Methylene Blue agars for checking the presence of bacterial infections. We measured thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and activities of xanthine oxidase (XO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), and catalase (CAT) in cancerous tissues of 25 bladder cancer patients, in noncancerous adjacent bladder tissues of 13 out of these 25 patients, and in control bladder tissues of 15 patients with a non‐neoplastic genitourinary disease. TBARs levels increased and XO, SOD, GSH‐PX, and CAT activities decreased significantly in cancerous bladder tissues. TBARS, XO, and SOD levels were not significantly different between noncancerous adjacent tissue and control bladder tissue. Statistically significantly lower GSH‐PX and higher CAT activities were observed in noncancerous adjacent bladder tissue compared with cancerous tissue. GSH‐PX level of tumor tissue was correlated significantly with tumor grade (r=−0.425, P=0.034). Results suggested that pathway activity of free radicals were accelerated in the cancerous human bladder tissues via increased TBARs levels and decreased enzyme activities of XO, SOD, GSH‐PX, and CAT, which implicated a severe exposure of cancerous tissues to oxidative stress. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:25–30, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrative harm reduction psychotherapy: a case of substance use, multiple trauma, and suicidality
Authors: Tatarsky Andrew , Kellogg Scott 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHarm reduction is a new paradigm that seeks to reduce the harmful consequences of substance use and other risky behaviors without requiring abstinence. This article discusses integrative harm reduction psychotherapy, one application of harm reduction principles to psychotherapy. Seven therapeutic tasks are described with attention to clinical process, skills, and strategies. A case is presented that illustrates the application of this approach with life‐threatening substance use that was related to multiple trauma and suicidal depression. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66: 1–13, 2010.
Evaluation of host genetic and viral factors as surrogate markers for HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in Peruvian HTLV‐1‐infected patients
Authors: Talledo Michael , López Giovanni , Huyghe Jeroen R. , Verdonck Kristien , Adaui Vanessa , González Elsa , Best Iván , Clark Daniel , Vanham Guido , Gotuzzo Eduardo , Van Camp Guy , Van Laer Lut 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHuman T‐lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a complication that affects up to 5% of HTLV‐1‐infected individuals. Several host genetic and viral factors have been associated with the risk of HAM/TSP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a prognostic model for HAM/TSP developed in Japan in a Peruvian population of 71 HAM/TSP patients and 94 asymptomatic carriers (ACs). This model included age, proviral load (PVL), the presence of HLA‐A*02 and HLA‐Cw*08 alleles, SDF‐1 +801, and TNF‐α −863 polymorphisms, and viral subgroup. We describe frequencies for the four host genetic markers and demonstrate the presence of the HTLV‐1 tax B subgroup in Peru. Using cross‐validation, we show that the predictive ability of the prognostic model, as characterized by the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC), does not differ from a model containing PVL only (both AUC = 0.74). We found some suggestive evidence of a protective effect of the HLA‐A*02 allele but failed to replicate the associations with the other three genetic markers and with viral subgroup. A logistic model containing PVL, age, gender, and HLA‐A*02 provided the best predictive ability in the Peruvian cohort (AUC = 0.79). J. Med. Virol. 82:460–466, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation and emerging viral infections
Authors: Chatzidimitriou D. , Gavriilaki E. , Sakellari I. , Diza E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractViral infections remain important causes of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. More recent developments in preparative regimens and graft manipulations, as well as the control of well‐recognized post‐transplant infections by the introduction of prophylaxis and preemptive strategies, have influenced the timing and the epidemiology of infections. As new pathogens, such as human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human bocavirus, human coronaviruses HCoV‐NL63 and HCoV‐HKU1, human herpesviruses HHV‐6 and HHV‐7, and polyomaviruses, have emerged, it is fundamental to determine the significance of the newly discovered viruses and their role in the transplantation field. This article summarizes recent data on epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis of new pathogens, as well as clinical features and management of the associated infectious complications. J. Med. Virol. 82:528–538, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.