bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation status of the IL8 gene promoter in oral cells of smokers and non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Oliveira Naila F. P. , Damm Gilcy R. , Andia Denise C. , Salmon Cristiane , Nociti Jr. Francisco H. , Line Sérgio R. P. , De Souza Ana Paula 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim: This study analysed the status of DNA methylation in the promoter region of the IL8 gene in oral mucosa cells from healthy, smoker and non‐smoker subjects with chronic periodontitis and compared these findings among groups with mRNA levels.Material and Methods: Genomic DNA from epithelial oral cells of 41 healthy subjects, 30 smokers with chronic periodontitis and 40 non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis were purified and modified by sodium bisulphite. Genomic DNA from blood leucocytes and gingival cells from biopsies of 13 subjects of each group were also purified and modified by sodium bisulphite. Modified DNA was submitted by methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (MSP), electrophoresed on 10% polyacrylamide gels and stained with SYBR Gold. Total RNA from gingival cells was also isolated using the TRIzol reagent, and real‐time PCR performance was used to detect the levels of interleukin‐8 mRNA.Results: Our results indicate that individuals with chronic periodontitis, independent of smoking habit, have a higher percentage of hipomethylation of the IL8 gene than those controls in epithelial oral cells (p<0.0001), and expression of higher levels of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) mRNA than controls in gingival cells (p=0.007). No significant differences among groups were observed in gingival cells and blood cells.Conclusion: We conclude that inflammation in the oral mucosa might lead to changes in the DNA methylation status of the IL8 gene in epithelial oral cells.
Haematological reference values in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA study
Authors: Romeo Javier , Wärnberg Julia , Gómez‐Martínez Sonia , Díaz Ligia E. , Moreno Luis A. , Castillo Manuel J. , Redondo Carlos , Baraza Juan C. , Sola Ricardo , Zamora Salvador , Marcos Ascensión ,   on behalf of the AVENA group
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives:  To provide reference values for haematological indices in Spanish adolescents according to age and gender.Methods:  A cross sectional study conducted in five Spanish cities was performed. Blood was drawn from a representative sample of 581 adolescents with age ranging from 13 to 17–18.5 yr. Age‐ and gender‐specific means, standard deviations and percentiles were determined for the following parameters: total red blood cell counts (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit percentage (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, red cell distribution width and total white blood cell (WBC) counts as well as counts and percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils; platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume and plateletcrit percentage.Results:  Younger male subjects presented lower RBC, Hb, Hct and MCV means that their older counterpart. By contrast these differences were not observed in female subjects. As expected, RBC, Hb and Hct mean values in males were found significantly higher than in girls for all studied age groups. No significant differences were observed in WBC by age and gender. PLT values gradually decreased with age, except for females aged 17–18.5 yr.Conclusion:  The present study provides reference data on the distribution of haematological indices of Spanish adolescents. These data can be useful biomarkers of the nutritional status in adolescents.
Review article: Management of acute severe and near‐fatal asthma
Authors: Holley Anthony D , Boots Robert J 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDespite a decline in the Australian overall asthma mortality, near‐fatal/critical asthma continues to be a significant management issue for emergency physicians and intensivists. Near‐fatal asthma is a unique subtype of asthma, with a variety of clinical presentations, requiring rapid and aggressive intervention. The pharmacological and non‐pharmacological management of near‐fatal asthma remains very complex. The present review discusses recent advances and evidence for current available strategies targeting this time critical emergency.
Emergency department access block occupancy predicts delay to surgery in patients with fractured neck of femur
Authors: Richardson Drew , McMahon Kristin LH 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective:  The present study aimed to identify any relationship between existing access block occupancy (ABO) at the time of patient presentation and delay to definitive procedure.Methods:  Retrospective descriptive cohort study of all patients aged over 50 years with an ED diagnosis of fractured neck of femur admitted through a tertiary ED over 2 years. The independent variable was the ABO at the start of the hour in which the patient presented, derived from existing ED records, and expressed as the quartile for that hour of the day. The dependent variable was start of surgery more than 24 h after arrival without a documented reason for delay. The data abstractor was blinded to the ABO.Results:  All 442 diagnoses of fractured neck of femur recorded in the ED were reviewed, 73 were excluded (16 age, 5 misdiagnosis, 31 no surgery, 21 documented medical reasons for delay). There was a significant relationship between ABO quartile and the rate of delay to surgery ranging from 54% (95% CI 43–63%) for those presenting in the lowest ABO quartile to 77% (68–85%) in the highest (P= 0.006, χ2). Subgroup analysis showed that arrival ABO predicted patient access block, and that patient access block was associated with delay to surgery and longer postoperative length of stay (geometric mean 12.9 vs 9.9 days, P < 0.01, t‐test).Conclusions:  The number of access block patients at the time of arrival directly predicts delay to operation in this setting. This suggests that access block occupancy is a marker of hospital dysfunction.
27 years of croup: An update highlighting the effectiveness of 0.15 mg/kg of dexamethasone
Authors: Dobrovoljac Milana , Geelhoed Gary C 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective:  To update an earlier observational study (1980–1995) documenting dramatic improvements in the management of croup with the mandatory use of a single oral dose of dexamethasone and to ascertain whether a reduction from a dose of 0.6 to 0.15 mg/kg in 1995 maintained these improved outcomes over the next 11 years.Methods:  We evaluated retrospectively the experience of children with croup in Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, the only tertiary paediatric hospital in Western Australia, over the subsequent 11 year period from 1996 to 2006 inclusive. Data were updated from ED, general hospital and the intensive care unit records to show the numbers of children presenting to the hospital, admitted, transferred to intensive care and intubated. We also recorded the length of hospital stay and representation rate of all cases within 7 days.Results:  The dramatic improvements in outcomes for croup, including reduced admission rates, length of stay, transfers to the intensive care unit, intensive care unit days and number of intubations as reported in our earlier paper, were maintained using 0.15 mg/kg dexamethasone. Admission rates for croup have fallen from 30% in the early 1990s to less than 15% in recent years, whereas the representation rate has risen slightly.Conclusion:  The improved outcomes for children with croup presenting to our paediatric ED have been maintained with a reduced, single oral dose of 0.15 mg/kg of dexamethasone.
Atrio‐oesophageal fistula: An emergent complication of radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Hazell Wayne , Heaven David , Kazemi Alex , Fourie Dean 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA 72‐year‐old presented with features of sepsis, neurological sequelae and chest pain after a radiofrequency ablation for AF. Chest CT scan revealed a life‐threatening condition not previously reported in emergency medicine journals.
Protective Immunity of Goldfish Against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Infection Induced by Different Trophont Vaccine Preparations
Authors: Zhang Qizhong , Chen Dali , Liu Qiangping 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, commonly called “Ich,” is a protozoan parasite that infects the epidermis and gills of freshwater fish. Here, we used goldfish (Carassius auratus) to determine whether the four vaccine preparations (live trophonts, formalin‐fixed trophonts, freeze‐thawed trophont lysates, and trophont cilial and cell cortical fractions) of I. multifiliis (Fouquet) can elicit resistance of immunized fish against subsequent theront challenge, and whether a relationship exists between in vitro immobilization of theronts in sera or mucus from immunized fish and host protective immunity against the parasite. Experimental goldfish were randomly divided into five groups with five parallel controls, with each group or subgroup consisting of 20 individuals. Each test goldfish was immunized with one of the four Ich vaccine preparations administered by one of the three routes: live trophonts by gavage (Group 1), formalin‐fixed trophonts by injection (Group 2) or by immersion (Group 3), freeze‐thawed trophont lysates by injection (Group 4), and trophont cilial and cell cortical fractions by injection (Group 5). The fish were then challenged by a standard Ich theront challenge on Day 21 postimmunization. For every 10 d following immunization, we tested the in vitro immobilization of Ich theronts by sera or mucus from immunized and control fish. We found that although all control (nonimmunized) and Group 3‐immunized goldfish died following theront challenge, more than half (55–65%) of the immunized fish from Groups 1, 2, 4, and 5 survived. Furthermore, except for the fish from Groups 3 and 4, the number of mean days to death in each test group was significantly higher than that in the respective control. These results indicate that goldfish immunized by injection or by gavage with any of the four vaccine preparations gained resistance to Ich infection. Further analysis indicated that this protective immunity was closely associated with the in vitro immobilization of Ich theronts by fish sera or mucus.
Validation of a Feeding Stimulant Bioassay Using Fish Hydrolysates for the Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Grey Michael , Forster Ian , Dominy Warren , Ako Harry , Giesen Andrew F. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract A protocol for testing feeding stimulants on Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is described. Thirty‐five rectangular tanks (55 L volume) served as the test system into which ten 5–6 g shrimp were stocked. Every tank contained two bowls, each of which contained either 25 feed pellets of a Reference Diet or Test Diet (consisting of the Reference Diet with one test ingredient added). After 1 h, the difference between the number of pellets consumed of the Test Diet and the Reference Diet was used as the Response. Each of the four Test Diets contained a different salmon hydrolysate made from by‐products of the Alaska fish processing industry (included at 50 g/kg). A fifth commercial shrimp diet was also tested. Each Test Diet was tested against the Reference Diet over a 4‐d period in seven replicate tanks. The data were subjected to a one‐way ANOVA and a confidence interval for each treatment response was calculated. The confidence interval was used to assess the test ingredient as a feeding stimulant. Treatment means were compared using Tukey's test (α = 5%). All the hydrolysates tested were found to act as feeding stimulants.
Effects of Limited Dissolved Oxygen Supply on the Growth and Energy Allocation of Juvenile Chinese Shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis
Authors: Wei Liuzhi , Zhang Xiumei , Huang Guoqiang , Li Jian 
Published: July 2009

Abstract Information about the effect of hypoxia exposure on energy allocation is helpful for better understanding how aquatic animals tolerate and adapt to a hypoxic environment. The growth, molting, and energy allocation were investigated in juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis exposed to five different dissolved oxygen (DO) seawaters (2.09 ± 0.15, 3.10 ± 0.29, 4.13 ± 0.25, 4.73 ± 0.12, and 5.48 ± 0.09 mg/L DO) for 30 d. When DO was below 4.13 mg/L, the growth of shrimp was depressed. Feed ingestion and feed conversion efficiency decreased with the decrease of DO. Less feed ingestion was caused by lower daily metabolic energy. Higher proportion of ingested energy lost in metabolism, exuviations, and nitrogen excretion caused lower feed conversion efficiency. More energy lost in exuviations, lower survival rate, soft carapaces of dead shrimp, and cannibalism were found in oxygen deficient groups and it implicated that hypoxia could delay the shrimp recovering from molting and cause cannibalism and higher mortality. The results indicated that hypoxia was an important factor affecting the amount and fitness of shrimp stock because it could cause a high rate of mortality and growth depression.
The Effects of Dietary Yeast Culture or Short‐chain Fructo‐oligosaccharides on the Intestinal Autochthonous Bacterial Communities in Juvenile Hybrid Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus♀×Oreochromis aureus♂
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Gang , He Suxu , Liu Yuchun , Shi Pengjun , Huang Guangxiang , Yao Bin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effects of dietary yeast culture (YC) or short‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) on intestinal autochthonous bacterial communities in juvenile hybrid tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus♀×Oreochromis aureus♂ were studied by 16S rDNA denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Ninety Tilapias in tanks (10 fish per tank) were randomly and equally divided into three groups. At the end of an 8‐wk feeding period of CK (the control treatment), YC (3 g/kg), or FOS (1 g/kg), autochthonous gut bacteria were analyzed in intestinal samples of all fish in each tank of a recirculating aquaculture system. The clear differences in the banding patterns indicated the obvious effects of dietary prebiotics on intestinal communities in hybrid tilapia. Higher variation was detected within the dietary YC group. This difference might be due to the effects of certain immune‐stimulating agents in YC on the immunity response of hybrid tilapia. It was concluded that dietary prebiotics, YC, and FOS obviously affected the intestinal bacterial community in hybrid tilapia with different patterns for different kinds.
Spawning and Development of Larvae and Juveniles of the Rare Blue Mauritius Angelfish, Centropyge debelius (1988), in the Hatchery
Authors: Baensch Frank , Tamaru Clyde S. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract This study documents the rearing and life history stages of the rare blue Mauritius angelfish, Centropyge debelius, from spawning of eggs through sexual maturity. A C. debelius pair was maintained at our facility for 22 mo. The pair was conditioned to spawn for a 4‐mo period in the fall of 2005 and a 4‐mo period in the summer of 2006 using water temperature and photoperiod manipulation. Continuous spawning was achieved at water temperatures between 22 and 24 C and a photoperiod of long day (LD) 13.5:10.5. Over a 124‐d period, the female produced 97 spawns, 59% of which resulted in fertile eggs. The average fecundity per spawn was 237 eggs (range 13–813 eggs). Fertility of all preserved spawns averaged 19.0 ± 19.8%. Larval rearing attempts using wild caught zooplankton and Artemia nauplii resulted in a total of 10 C. debelius juveniles raised through metamorphosis with an average larval survival up through metamorphosis of 0.36%. Three resulting juveniles were raised through sexual maturity. Sexual dichromatism was first observed about 180 d posthatch. A statistical model: Y = (X× 0.32437) − (X2× 0.00043) − 2.004, where Y = total length (mm) and X = number of days in culture, explained 97.6% of the variation in growth (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.976). The development of eggs and larvae was observed to be similar to that of other Centropyge species that have been cultured. Results of this study indicate that the artificial propagation of C. debelius is technically feasible and forms the basis for this report.
Development of Microsatellite Markers in Sea Perch,Lateolabrax Japonicus,from Codominant Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Bands
Authors: Liu Yun‐Guo , Liu Chun‐Ying , Li Fang‐Zheng , Li Zhao‐Xia , Wang Lei 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA fast and cost‐effective protocol to develop candidate microsatellite markers from sea perch,Lateolabrax japonicus, was described here. Ten suites of codominant bands that contained seven microsatellites were discovered in this marine fish, in which no microsatellite development was reported previously. All the seven microsatellites were found to be polymorphic among tested 20 individuals of sea perch. Five of the above seven loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) as determined by using the Markov‐Chain method implemented, the other two loci significantly deviated from HWE, both of them showed a large heterozygote excess (HE). Out of 21 possible pair‐wise comparisons among the seven loci applied to sea perch, none showed significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) (P> 0.008). Five additional fish species assessed for cross‐species amplification revealed that some of the loci appear to be applicable in close‐related species.
Effects of Starvation and Feeding on Lipid Class and Fatty Acid Profile of Late Stage Mud Crab, Scylla serrata, larvae
Authors: Holme May‐Helen , Brock Ian , Southgate Paul C. , Zeng Chaoshu 
Published: July 2009

Abstract Lipid class and fatty acid (FA) analysis were conducted on newly molted, fed, and starved zoea V and megalopa of the mud crab, Scylla serrata (S. serrata). Larvae starved for 4 d showed a substantial decrease in total FA content, from 49.67 μg/mg to 13.94 μg/mg ash‐free dry weight (AFDW) at the zoea V stage, and from 38.47 μg/mg to 10.40 μg/mg AFDW at the megalopa stage. This depletion indicates that S. serrata larvae effectively utilize stored lipid reserves for energy during periods of food deprivation. Megalopa subjected to longer starvation periods, however, did not utilize lipid as the major energy source after day 4, suggesting increased reliance on protein catabolism during prolonged starvation. At both larvae stages the major FAs were 18:1n‐9, 16:0, 20:5n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acids, EPA), 18:3n‐3 (linolenic acid, LNA), 18:0 and 22:6n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) and this FA profile persisted in both fed and starved larvae. The highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), EPA, DHA, and arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6, AA) were not conserved in tissue during starvation, indicating that HUFA requirements might be lower for S. serrata larvae than shown for other crustaceans. Similarly, a high level of LNA in newly molted zoea V and megalopa were rapidly depleted in unfed larvae, indicating that this FA had an important role as an energy reserve. Throughout the study, FAs from the polar lipid fraction dominated larvae tissues, while FAs from the neutral lipid constituted the largest accessible energy reserve during starvation (depleted from 23.05 to 1.23 μg/mg AFDW in zoea V, and from 19.00 to 1.27 μg/mg AFDW in megalopa). The results of this study provide new insight into lipid utilization of S. serrata larvae during development, an important step toward development of formulated diets for use in mud crab hatcheries.
Quality of care for patients with indwelling urinary catheter in selected hospitals in Kashan, Iran 2007
Authors: Adib‐Hajbaghery Mohsen , Aghajani Mohammad 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 377 patients with indwelling urinary catheter to evaluate the quality of catheter care in three educational hospitals of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. In this study, 331 patients expressed their views on the quality of care and 46 patients were observed. Indwelling urethral catheters were mostly used for immobile and bedrest patients (36·3%). In total, 45·77 ± 12·24% of the score was reached from the patients' view and 51·08 ± 10·83% from the observer's view. The total quality of care was low. The nurses' in‐service education programmes should be reinforced. Strengthening the supervisory system and overcoming the staff shortage can also have beneficial effects on the quality of care for patients with indwelling urethral catheter.
Help‐seeking among Korean American women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Kang Youngmi , Kim Suk‐Sun 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Despite the availability of effective treatments, many women manage their urinary incontinence (UI) silently rather than seeking professional help. Delays in seeking help in effectively managing UI can lead to a worsening of the incontinence and in overall quality of life.Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the help‐seeking behaviour (HSB) among Korean American women with UI. The following research question guied this study: is there any difference in HSB for UI according to severity of UI among Korean American woment with UI?.Methods: 149 community‐dwelling Korean American women who are age 30 years and older and self‐identified as being incontinent were invited to particpate in the study. Data collection was conducted in 12 Korean religious organizations. This study uses a correlation descriptive design by means of interviews. The HSB scale was used to measure the propensity ot help‐seeking.Results: This study showed that the propensity of seeking help among Korean American women was lower than that of general population. It indicated that Korean women cope urinary symptoms nonmedical measures rather seeking professional help. The severity of UI is associated with help‐seeking among Korean American women with UI.Conclusions: Health care providers need to be aware of low rates of seeking care among Korean women for this problem, and the need for further education in this area.
Urine cytology is an unnecessary expense in the evaluation of adult haematuria
Authors: Turner Bruce , Allchorne Paula , Pati Jhumur , Baithun Suhail 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTPatients with microscopic and macroscopic haematuria undergo a series of investigations: the upper tracts are investigated with radiological investigations, the lower urinary tract with cystoscopy; urine is sent for microscopy, culture and sensitivity and cytological analysis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of urine cytology in adult patients with haematuria. A total of 6060 voided urine cytology specimens obtained from adults over the age of 18 who presented with haematuria in a single centre. Of the 6060 specimens sent for analysis, 5893 (97%) were reported to be benign, and 167 (3%) were not benign. Further analysis of the non‐benign results revealed 69 (41·3%) incomplete records and patients excluded. Of the 98 remaining results 34 (34·7%) were reported as repeat sample required; 44 (44·9%) were reported as suspicious for malignancy and 20 (20·4%) were reported as diagnostic. A total of 41 patients were finally diagnosed with cancer. All patients diagnosed with cancer were diagnosed on imaging or cystoscopy regardless of urine cytology result. This study has shown that urine cytology offers no unique information to adult patients being investigated for haematuria. It remains an expensive test and delays the haematuria pathway.