bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the etiology of multiple tooth agenesis in three sisters with severe oligodontia
Authors: Swinnen S , Bailleul‐Forestier I , Arte S , Nieminen P , Devriendt K , Carels C 
Published: September 2010

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Swinnen S, Bailleul‐Forestier I, Arte S, Nieminen P, Devriendt K, Carels CObjectives –  To describe the dentofacial phenotypes of three sisters with severe non‐syndromic oligodontia, to report on the mutation analysis in three genes, previously shown to cause various phenotypes of non‐syndromic oligodontia and in two other suspected genes. Based on the phenotypes in the pedigree of this family, the different possible patterns of transmission are discussed.Methods –  Anamnestic data and a panoramic radiograph were taken to study the phenotype of the three sisters and their first‐degree relatives. Blood samples were also taken to obtain their karyotypes and DNA samples. Mutational screening was performed for the MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, DLX1 and DLX2 genes.Results –  The probands’ pedigree showed evidence for a recessive or multifactorial inheritance pattern. Normal chromosomal karyotypes were found and – despite the severe oligodontia present in all three sisters – no mutation appeared to be present in the five genes studied so far in these patients.Conclusions –  In the three sisters reported, their common oligodontia phenotype is not caused by mutations in the coding regions of MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, DLX1 or DLX2 genes, but genetic factors most probably play a role as all three sisters were affected. Environmental and epigenetic factors as well as genes regulating odontogenesis need further in vivo and in vitro investigation to explain the phenotypic heterogeneity and to increase our understanding of the odontogenic processes.
Comparison of the stress direction on the TMJ in patients with class I, II, and III skeletal relationships
Authors: Ueki K , Nakagawa K , Takatsuka S , Yamamoto E , Laskin DM 
Published: September 2010

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Ueki K, Nakagawa K, Takatsuka S, Yamamoto E, Laskin DMObjective –  To assess the relationship between skeletal morphology and stress direction on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by a two‐dimensional rigid body spring model (RBSM).Design –  Lateral cephalograms were analyzed and the information was processed with a fortran analysis program.Setting and Sample Population –  The subjects were 149 patients (54 men and 95 women, mean age 21.8 ± 5.9 years) from Kanazawa University Hospital and the School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University. Of the 149 cases, 48 were skeletal class I, 54 were class II, and 47 were class III. The patients had no TMJ symptoms or abnormalities.Outcome Measure –  The force vector on the condyle, its direction (Ph angle), the degree of the vector (Ph) and the displacement vector (u, v), and the rotational angle (θ) of the mandibular body were calculated by RBSM.Results –  The direction of the force vector (Ph angle) on the condyle was 24.83°± 4.67° in the class II group, 21.04°± 5.59° in the class I group, and 19.58 ± 7.57° in the class III group. The Ph angle of the class II group was significantly larger than those of the class I and III groups (p < 0.05).Conclusions –  This study suggests that differences in skeletal patterns induce differences in stress distribution on the TMJ; the morphology of the TMJ was also associated with stress direction and distribution on the condyle.
Considerations in Calcium Scoring Using Multi‐Detector Computed Tomography
Authors: Groen J. M. , Greuter M. J. W. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryCalcium scoring is a promising tool for acquiring insight in the amount of coronary calcium present in the coronary arteries. Using electron beam tomography in the past, and multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) nowadays, calcium scoring can be performed within minutes. However, MDCT offers a large scale of possibilities in data acquisition and reconstruction. In this article, a short overview is given on the influence of different parameters on the outcome of calcium scoring in terms of absolute score and variability. In a short study, the influence of two highly influencing parameters is investigated in more detail. The study shows that at higher heart rates the calcium score of high‐density calcifications are increased. The opposite behaviour is observed for low‐density calcifications. In addition, calcium scores are increased with the use of smaller slice thicknesses. Smaller thicknesses also influence the variability of calcium scoring, for thinner slices the variability is reduced. When assessing the outcome of a calcium score one has to take in to account what parameters were used during the CT scan for calcium scoring.
Visualization of Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Dikkers R. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryImage quality of a computed tomography image is dependent on temporal and spatial resolution. In this article both factors are addressed in relation to image quality. The effect of temporal resolution on image quality is assessed by comparing image quality scores of dual‐source computed tomography (DSCT) to single‐source 64‐slice multi‐detector computed tomography. The effect of calcifications on image quality is discussed also.
Can Corporate Governance Reforms Increase Firm Market Values? Event Study Evidence from India
Authors: Black Bernard S. , Khanna Vikramaditya S. 
Published: September 2010

A central problem in conducting an event study of the valuation effects of corporate governance reforms is that most reforms affect all firms in a country. Share price changes may reflect the reforms, but could also reflect other information. We address this identification issue by studying India's adoption of major governance reforms (Clause 49). Clause 49 requires, among other things, audit committees, a minimum number of independent directors, and CEO/CFO certification of financial statements and internal controls. The reforms were sponsored by the Confederation of Indian Industry (an organization of large Indian public firms), applied initially to larger firms, and reached smaller public firms only after a several‐year lag. The difference in effective dates offers a natural experiment: large firms are the treatment group for the reforms; small firms provide a control group for other news affecting India generally. The May 1999 announcement by Indian securities regulators of plans to adopt what became Clause 49 is accompanied by a 4 percent increase in the price of large firms over a two‐day event window (the announcement date plus the next trading day), relative to smaller public firms; the difference grows to 7 percent over a five‐day event window and 10 percent over a two‐week window. Mid‐sized firms had an intermediate reaction.Faster‐growing firms gained more than other firms, consistent with firms that need external equity capital benefiting more from governance rules. Cross‐listed firms gained more than other firms, suggesting that local regulation can sometimes complement, rather than substitute for, the benefits of cross‐listing. The positive reaction of large Indian firms contrasts with the mixed reaction to the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (which is similar to Clause 49 in important respects), suggesting that the value of mandatory governance rules may depend on a country's prior institutional environment.
Feeding and care of low‐birthweight babies in two rural communities in south‐western Nigeria
Authors: Adejuyigbe Ebunoluwa A. , Odebiyi Adetanwa I. , Aina Olabisi , Bamiwuye Sina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to highlight the sociocultural beliefs and practices relating to the care and feeding of low‐birthweight (LBW) babies in two rural communities in the south‐west of Nigeria. Data from 60 mothers and their newborns and community care providers were collected using qualitative instruments. The 60 mothers [30 mothers of LBW and 30 of normal‐birthweight (NBW) infants] were identified through key informants, snowball approach and information obtained from community healthcare providers. The mean weight at recruitment of the LBW and NBW babies studied was 1680 ± 440 and 2990 ± 450 g respectively. Only two of the 60 mothers in the study delivered in orthodox health facilities, because in most cases these facilities were unaffordable, inaccessible and incompatible with rural lifestyles/beliefs. Most of the mothers believed that exclusive breastfeeding was not adequate for the LBW babies, and so herbal mixtures believed to accelerate growth were given in addition to breast milk. The use of forced hand‐feeding and feeding bottles was universal among the mothers of LBW babies in order to ‘increase the volume of feeds the baby gets’. Herbal dressing was used for cord and anterior fontanel care, while the babies were kept warm by using extra clothing, lighted lanterns and shutting of the windows. Five (16.7%) LBW infants and 1 (3.3%) NBW baby died, while 12 (40%) LBW, compared with 4 (13.3%) NBW infants, were hospitalized during the study. The findings of this study serve to identify the cultural beliefs and values around the care of LBW infants. Interventions designed to improve neonatal survival must therefore, take cognizance of these beliefs, customs and practices, in order to ensure effective and proper care of the LBW infants.
Parents' and boys' perceptions of boys' body size for average and high BMI boys
Authors: Brann Lynn S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA study on 49 preadolescent boys and their parents was performed to determine if differences existed in boys' body esteem and body size perceptions and to determine how accurately parents perceive their sons' body size. The boys were grouped by their body mass index (BMI) into average and high BMI groups. The boys completed the Body Esteem Scale; the boys and the parents rated the boys' body size perceptions. No differences were found in the boys' body esteem. The boys in the high BMI group perceived themselves as bigger than the boys in the average BMI group, and the parents of the boys with a high BMI perceived their sons as bigger. The boys in the high BMI group rated their current figure as heavier than their ideal figure. The results supported that the boys and the parents were aware of the boys' current body size. However, the parents of the boys with high BMI were more accepting of a larger ideal body figure.
Human Mosaic: Maps of Honeycombed British Society
Authors: Thomas Bethan , Dorling Danny 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Parts of Britain resemble a melting pot that more than rivals any found in America. Some others appear to be social monocultures where almost everyone is white, married, has children and owns or is buying a house. But scratch beneath the superficial banality of middle England and there too is a rainbow: there is the widest variety of lives, life chances and experience. To reveal the social geology of Britain Bethan Thomas and Danny Dorling have drawn re-projected maps1—maps where the scale is measured in human lives.
Bovine TB in Cattle and Badgers
Authors: Donnelly Christl , Cox David 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The link between tuberculosis in cattle and in badgers has long been contentious. The Independent Scientific Group (ISG) on Cattle TB, a group containing some of the country's top statisticians, investigated it. In June this year, after 9 years of work, it reported to Ministers that a cull of badgers would be unlikely to contribute usefully to the control of TB in cattle. In October, however, the Government's Chief Scientific Adviser, Sir David King, effectively discounted the report, and recommended culling of badgers. Here Christl Donnelly and David Cox of the ISG describe the work that led to their conclusions.
Changes in lower urinary tract symptoms before and after using an indwelling urethral catheter
Authors: KOTAKE Sachiyo , SATOH Wakako 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this study was to clarify changes in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) before and after the use of indwelling urethral catheters.Methods:  Subjects were 39 inpatients (13 males and 26 females) who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Lower urinary tract symptoms was measured by using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Demographic variables, abdominal pain, quality of life (QOL), and anxiety were also measured.Results:  On admission, 84.6% (n = 36) of subject had LUTS, and 71.8% (n = 28) of subject still had LUTS even after use of the catheter. We found no correlation between LUTS and physical or psychological factors. Quality of life because of urinary symptoms was poor in patients with LUTS. After the use of catheters, IPSS decreased (P < 0.01), and in six cases, subjects exhibited intensified LUTS.Conclusions:  The IPSS score significantly decreased in this group of participants after the removal of the indwelling urethral catheter. However, we must assess the LUTS of all patients who did or do not have a chief urinary compliant when the indwelling urethral catheter is/was used because there were many inpatients with LUTS, and the QOL because of LUTS was low in patients. Moreover, there were six patients whose symptoms of LUTS deteriorated after the use of a catheter. We could not find the causes of worsening symptoms of LUTS. It is necessary to investigate the long‐term effects following the use of the indwelling urethral catheter. In future, we have to thoroughly examine patients with severe LUTS and other diseases, which require essential treatment.
Fathers' feelings and thoughts when their partners require an emergency cesarean section: Impact of the need for surgery
Authors: YOKOTE Naomi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  This study sought to identify fathers' feelings and thoughts about their partners, babies, and medical staff when an emergency cesarean section (c‐section) is required. Information was gathered on fathers' reactions when they first learned of the need for surgery, during surgery, and on first seeing their babies and partners post‐surgery.Methods:  Japanese men whose partners delivered a live baby by emergency c‐section, without having planned to, at a private maternity hospital were interviewed. The men had semistructured interviews within 1 week post‐partum, alone or together with their partners, according to the couples' wishes. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed both descriptively and inductively.Results:  All participants had their first babies with their present partners. The indications for a c‐section were classified into two groups: a fetal distress group and a prolonged labor group. Although the fathers understood the need for surgery when the decision was made, they were anxious and felt that the lives of both their partner and baby were at risk. Moreover, they were frustrated that they could do nothing. In general, they also tried to remain calm so that their partners would not become agitated. The indications for surgery seemed to produce different feelings among the fathers and research interviews with the couples might provide a better opportunity to review and share birth experiences.Conclusion:  Midwives who care for women prior to surgery must be aware of fathers' complex feelings and needs in emergency c‐section cases. Knowing their reactions to this type of surgery might help to strengthen the support from fathers and facilitate an understanding of couples' concerns and needs.
Critical challenges in doctoral education: Highlights of the biennial meeting of the International Network for Doctoral Education in Nursing, Tokyo, Japan, 2007
Authors: REDMAN Richard W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA number of issues and challenges in doctoral nursing education were presented at the biennial meeting of the International Network for Doctoral Education in Nursing in June 2007. The themes addressed included: global health workforce shortages and the aging of the nursing workforce; the need for more nursing doctoral programs; strengthening of the research training in doctoral programs, and the need for increased involvement of nurse leaders in the health and social policy arena.
Audit of management of pyogenic liver abscess in a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Ng Wing‐Chiu , Li Wing‐Hong , Cheung Moon‐Tong 
Published: September 2010

Aim:  To review the management and clinical outcomes of patients with pyogenic liver abscess in Queen Elizabeth Hospital.Methods:  This is a retrospective review of the management of patients with a diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess in Queen Elizabeth Hospital from 2000 to 2004.Results:  From 2000 to 2004, 143 patients with a diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess were managed in Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Procedure‐related complications were 6/143 (4%). The success rate from percutaneous intervention was 122/143 (85%). The overall in‐hospital mortality was 18/143 (13%). Mean hospital stay was 30.1 days and the median was 23 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis on risk factors for in‐hospital mortality showed high white cell count, large size abscess and prolonged activated prothrombin time as independent risk factors.Conclusion:  In the present series, high white cell count, large size abscess and prolonged activated prothrombin time predicted poor outcomes in patients with pyogenic liver abscess.
Impaired transcranial Doppler ultrasound cerebrovascular reactivity before carotid intervention is not predictive of a subsequent ischaemic event
Authors: Wong George Kwok‐Chu , Ng Stephanie Chi‐Ping , Chan Matthew Tak‐Vai , Sun David Tin‐Fung , Lam Wynnie Wai‐Man , Lam Joseph Ming‐Kuen , Poon Wai‐Sang 
Published: September 2010

Aim:  After carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) for patients with severe carotid stenosis, an ischaemic event may still happen in up to 9% of patients over a 2 year period. We aimed to investigate whether baseline cerebrovascular reactivity could predict a subsequent ischaemic event after intervention.Methods:  A total of 51 patients with severe carotid stenosis (more than 70% stenosis from ultrasonography) and data on cerebrovascular reactivity were reviewed. Thirty‐six patients had either CEA or CAS performed and were recruited for analysis. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography was used to examine the reactivity of the middle cerebral artery to 5% carbon dioxide in oxygen. Normal cerebrovascular reactivity was defined by >1% increase per unit change in end‐tidal CO2 in ipsilateral middle cerebral artery velocity in response to 5% carbon dioxide in oxygen. The mean follow‐up period was 66 months.Results:  Twenty‐six patients had symptomatic carotid stenosis and 10 patients had asymptomatic carotid stenosis. There were four subsequent ischaemic events during follow up. None of the nine patients with impaired baseline ipsilateral cerebrovascular reactivity had a subsequent ischaemic event.Conclusion:  From our patient cohort, impaired baseline ipsilateral cerebrovascular reactivity before carotid intervention was not predictive of a subsequent ischaemic event.
Association of Adolescent Physical and Emotional Health With Perceived Severity of Parental Substance Abuse
Authors: Gance‐Cleveland Bonnie , Mays Mary Z. , Steffen Ann 
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE.  This study aims to examine the association between adolescent health, including physical complaints, mood, and social adjustment, and perceived severity of parental substance abuse. DESIGN AND METHODS.  Baseline data from a study of school‐based support groups for adolescents with substance‐abusing family members (n = 121) were used to examine the relationship between the severity of substance abuse and adolescent health.RESULTS.  Participants were divided into three groups on the basis of severity of parental substance abuse. The high‐severity group had significantly more medical conditions, physical symptoms, and negative moods than those in the low‐ or moderate‐severity groups (p < .02).PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Nurses can use the Children of Alcoholics Screening Tool to assess severity of parental substance abuse and its impact on adolescents’ physical and emotional health.
Managing the Caseload: A Qualitative Action Research Study Exploring How Community Children's Nurses Deliver Services to Children Living With Life‐Limiting, Life‐Threatening, and Chronic Conditions
Authors: Pontin David , Lewis Mary 
Published: September 2010

PURPOSE.  The number of children living with life‐limiting, life‐threatening, and chronic conditions nursed at home/in the community is increasing. There is limited literature on how community children's nurses (CCNs) manage their caseloads. DESIGN AND METHODS.  A qualitative‐action research study used in‐depth interviews. RESULTS.  The study generated a number of insights about the sorts of phenomena that contribute to CCNs’ perceptions of workload. Themes included strategy, being proactive, purposeful visit, and knowing families. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Using a workload tool may help CCNs manage caseloads. Further work in other areas is required to identify issues of cultural specificity.
Experiences of Asian American Parents in a Group Intervention for Youth With Schizophrenia
Authors: Kennedy Michael G. , Schepp Karen G. , Rungruangkonkit Sangjan 
Published: September 2010

PROBLEM:  Schizophrenia, which frequently strikes during adolescence or young adulthood, can have devastating effects on the family. Parents, who are primary caregivers for mentally ill adolescents, often lack the information and skills necessary to cope with the multiple and complex consequences of a major psychiatric disorder. Moreover, parents are ill‐ prepared to help their other children cope with the unpredictable changes that accompany having a mentally ill sibling. Asian American parents face similar issues in dealing with their schizophrenic adolescents. However, there is limited information available about this population. METHODS:  The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of four Asian American parents who participated in a community‐based, family‐centered, self‐management intervention program for youth with schizophrenia. Participants were interviewed using semistructured interviews and language interpreters. Data were analyzed utilizing content analysis. FINDINGS:  Four themes were identified: (a) same, but different; (b) sharing and learning; (c) using skills learned; and (d) working with interpreters. CONCLUSIONS:  Results indicate that Asian American parents valued their participation in the group intervention and emphasized their similarities with non‐Asian American families who have a mentally ill youth.
Games, Gambling, and Children: Applying the Precautionary Principle for Child Health
Authors: Hyder Adnan A. , Juul Nicholas H. 
Published: September 2010

TOPIC:  We were compelled by the trends of Internet gambling, state‐initiated gambling outlets, and of having gambling social events in middle schools and high schools in the United States to examine gambling and its health effects on children and adolescents. PURPOSE AND SOURCES:  We researched trends in adolescent gambling as well as its association with negative health and sociological outcomes through the literature for child and adolescent gambling studies. CONCLUSION:  The literature shows gambling to be associated with many negative health and socioeconomic effects. The increasing participation of children and adolescents is of particular concern, for the earlier a person starts gambling, the more likely that person is to develop serious gambling problems. We propose the application of the precautionary principle in this situation. Until it is proven that adolescents will not be negatively affected by exposure to gambling, the exposure of adolescents to gambling must be carefully restricted.