bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species‐specific stomatal response of trees to drought – a link to vegetation dynamics?
Authors: Zweifel R. , Rigling A. , Dobbertin M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractQuestion: Is stomatal regulation specific for climate and tree species, and does it reveal species‐specific responses to drought? Is there a link to vegetation dynamics?Location: Dry inner alpine valley, SwitzerlandMethods: Stomatal aperture (θE) of Pinus sylvestris, Quercus pubescens, Juniperus communis and Picea abies were continuously estimated by the ratio of measured branch sap flow rates to potential transpiration rates (adapted Penman‐Monteith single leaf approach) at 10‐min intervals over four seasons.Results: θE proved to be specific for climate and species and revealed distinctly different drought responses: Pinus stomata close disproportionately more than neighbouring species under dry conditions, but has a higher θE than the other species when weather was relatively wet and cool. Quercus keeps stomata more open under drought stress but has a lower θE under humid conditions. Juniperus was most drought‐tolerant, whereas Picea stomata close almost completely during summer.Conclusions: The distinct microclimatic preferences of the four tree species in terms of θE strongly suggest that climate (change) is altering tree physiological performances and thus species‐specific competitiveness. Picea and Pinus currently live at the physiological limit of their ability to withstand increasing temperature and drought intensities at the sites investigated, whereas Quercus and Juniperus perform distinctly better. This corresponds, at least partially, with regional vegetation dynamics: Pinus has strongly declined, whereas Quercus has significantly increased in abundance in the past 30 years. We conclude that θE provides an indication of a species' ability to cope with current and predicted climate.
Impact of competition on plant performances along a flooding gradient: a multi‐species experiment
Authors: Jung Vincent , Mony Cendrine , Hoffmann Lucien , Muller Serge 
Published: April 2009

AbstractQuestion:1. How do the competitive response and the importance of competition vary between species and along a flooding gradient? 2. How does the role of competition in constraining species distribution limits along the gradient vary between lower and upper limits?Location:A 1‐ha meadow within the Alzette floodplain in Luxembourg.Methods:Competitive response and importance of competition were assessed on seven meadow species differing in their tolerance to flooding. Species were cultured in monocultures and in mixtures, in three water treatments reflecting the wet, the middle and the dry end of a natural flooding gradient. We developed two models based on a multiple regression in order to express each component of competition as a function of the neighbour biomass.Results:Five species showed variations in their competitive response across water treatments; however, these species achieved either their highest or their worst competitive response in their optimal water treatment (i.e. the treatment in which the species had the highest biomass in monoculture). Competition was more important for the flood‐tolerant species in the dry treatment than for the flood‐intolerant species in the wet treatment.Conclusions:1. Variations in species competitive responses along flooding gradients may be the result of either an amplified effect between competition and hydrological stresses, or a hierarchical effect of stress over competition. 2. The role of competition is more important in constraining the upper distribution limits of the flood‐tolerant species than the lower limits of the flood‐intolerant species along flooding gradients.
Using Evidence to Determine Diagnostic Test Efficacy
Authors: Replogle William H. , Johnson William D. , Hoover Kim Welch 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT Background: Various measures are used to summarize a diagnostic test's efficacy in deciding on the disease status of patients. Measures: Sensitivity and specificity indicate the probability of a positive or negative test result, given that the patient either has or does not have, respectively, a specified disease, and are the most commonly reported measures of test efficacy. Predictive values indicate the probability of a disease, given the patient's diagnostic test result is positive or negative, and are more useful in clinical decision making. Predictive values are useful only if the prevalence of disease in the study sample is representative of the prevalence in the population of diagnostic interest. A likelihood ratio is the sensitivity of a test divided by one minus the specificity and is used as a multiplier of the pretest odds of a disease to obtain the posttest odds. The resulting posttest odds can be converted to a posttest probability of disease that is identical to the predictive value of the test. Implications for Practice: An estimate of the posttest probability of disease that is more relevant for an individual patient can be obtained by adjusting the pretest estimate, taking into account patient characteristics and clinical experience. Using the Herren and colleagues’ work, diagnostic test efficacy measures are presented to assist practitioners in determining which tests may be accurate in “ruling in” or “ruling out” disease.
Evidence‐Based Practice: Iranian Nurses’ Perceptions
Authors: Adib‐Hajbaghery Mohsen 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT Background: During the past 2 decades, evidence‐based practice has increasingly been proven as a means of standard and higher‐quality health care. Nurses who base their practices on scientific evidence bring their clients and organization better and more cost‐effective nursing care. However, little is known about Iranian nurses' perceptions of evidence‐based practice. Aims: The present study was conducted to evaluate Iranian nurses' perceptions of evidence‐based practice. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted on 21 participants from different groups of nurses at Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Semi‐structured interviews were used to gather data. Content analysis was used to analyze the data according to the Cheevakumjorn's method. Findings: Two main categories, the concept of “evidence‐based nursing” and “nature and the source of evidence,” emerged from the data. The participants used the term “standard care” as a synonym for evidence‐based practice. According to the participants, the nurses implement evidence‐based practice care for clients based on their professional knowledge and the patient's needs. The participants believed “caring evidence” includes five different types of knowledge: “knowledge of patient,”“knowledge of the environment,”“learned (academic) knowledge,”“practice‐based knowledge,” and “research‐based knowledge.” However, participants stated that, currently, the nursing practice is not based on scientific evidence. Conclusions: Nurses have a positive attitude concerning the use of scientific evidence to guide practice, but this evidence has little application in their current nursing practice. Implications: Nurses need support from both the organizational management and the educational system to help them apply evidence in practice.
The Association Between Internet Use and Depressive Symptoms Among South Korean Adolescents
Authors: Park Sunhee 
Published: April 2009

PURPOSE.  This study explores the cross‐sectional relationship between Internet use and depressive symptoms in South Korean adolescents.DESIGN AND METHODS.  Existing data, the three‐wave Korean Youth Panel Survey, were analyzed. The sample was a cohort representing the population of second‐year students at Korean middle schools in 2003 (N = 3,449). Multivariate logistic regression was used.RESULTS.  A one‐unit increase in Internet use was positively associated with a 20.7% increase in risk for depressive symptoms.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  It may be worthwhile for nursing professionals to inquire about Internet use as part of a measure of screening for depressive symptoms in teens.
Psychosocial Experiences of Parents of a Child With Imperforate Anus
Authors: Nisell Margret , Öjmyr‐Joelsson Maria , Frenckner Björn , Rydelius Per‐Anders , Christensson Kyllike 
Published: April 2009

PURPOSE.  This study aims to examine the psychosocial experiences of parents of children with imperforate anus (IA) and to describe their potential positive experiences.DESIGN AND METHODS.  Parents of IA children and a comparison group answered a questionnaire, which was analyzed quantitatively and with manifest content analysis.RESULTS.  Social relationships and respect for the child's will were more affected among IA mothers. Positive experiences were revealed in relation to the child, the parent, and the family.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Support to parents in caring for a child with IA should be individualized and occasionally undertaken through collaboration with experts from child and adolescent psychiatry.
On the reported death of the MACHO era
Authors: Quinn D. P. , Wilkinson M. I. , Irwin M. J. , Marshall J. , Koch A. , Belokurov V. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We present radial velocity measurements of four wide halo binary candidates from the sample in Chaname & Gould (CG04) which, to date, is the only sample containing a large number of such candidates. The four candidates that we have observed have projected separations &gt;0.1 pc, and include the two widest binaries from the sample, with separations of 0.45 and 1.1 pc. We confirm that three of the four CG04 candidates are genuine, including the one with the largest separation. The fourth candidate, however, is spurious at the 5σ level. In the light of these measurements, we re-examine the implications for MAssive Compact Halo Object (MACHO) models of the Galactic halo. Our analysis casts doubt on what MACHO constraints can be drawn from the existing sample of wide halo binaries.
PHL 1092 as a transient extreme X-ray weak quasar
Authors: Miniutti G. , Fabian A. C. , Brandt W. N. , Gallo L. C. , Boller Th. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We report a dramatic variability event in the X-ray history of the narrow-line quasar PHL 1092 (z= 0.396). Our latest 2008 XMM-Newton observation reveals a flux drop of ∼200 with respect to the previous observation performed about 4.5 yr earlier, and a drop of ∼135 with respect to its historical flux. Despite the huge X-ray variation, the UV flux remains constant producing a very significant steepening of the optical to X-ray slope αox from −1.56 to −2.44, making PHL 1092 one of the most extreme X-ray weak quasars. The similarity in the soft X-ray spectral shape between the present and previous observations, together with the persistent UV flux and the lack of any dramatic change in the optical spectrum, suggests that an absorption event is not likely to be the origin of the observed variation. If absorption is ruled out, the sudden X-ray weakness of PHL 1092 must be produced by a transient significant weakening or disruption of the X-ray emitting corona.
Clinical, histopathological and genetic data of ichthyosis in the golden retriever: a prospective study
Authors: Guaguere E. , Bensignor E. , Küry S. , Degorce‐Rubiales F. , Muller A. , Herbin L. , Fontaine J. , André C. 
Published: April 2009

Objectives: We described epidemiological, clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural features of ichthyosis in the golden retriever breed in a prospective study. We also investigated the mode of transmission of this disease.Materialsand Methods: We examined 150 golden retrievers, 73 of which were affected by ichthyosis (35 males and 38 females). We carried out detailed clinical and histopathological examinations for 40 affected dogs. Transmission electron microscopy was performed for two of them. We used pedigree analysis with the Cyrillic software to determine the mode of transmission.Results: Dermatological signs included a mild to moderate or severe generalised scaling with initially small to large whitish scales and progressively blackish scales. The ventral glabrous skin was hyperpigmented and rough, similar to sandpaper. Histopathological features were characterised by moderate to severe laminated or compact orthokeratotic epidermal hyperkeratosis without significant involvement of the stratum granulosum. Ultrastructural findings revealed laminated or compact keratin layers and numerous persistent corneodesmosomes within the stratum corneum. Analysis of the pedigree suggested an autosomal recessive inheritance.Conclusion: The histopathological and ultrastructural characteristics strongly suggest that golden retriever ichthyosis is a retention ichthyosis, caused by absence of corneodesmosomal degradation, transmitted through an autosomal recessive mode.
Variation in position of the medial fabella in West Highland white terriers and other dogs
Authors: Störk C. K. , Petite A. F. , Norrie R. A. , Polton G. A. , Rayward R. M 
Published: April 2009

Objectives: To investigate whether West Highland white terriers exhibit significant variation in the position of the medial fabella compared to both small and large breed dogs.Methods: Criteria for the normal location of the medial fabella on a caudocranial radiograph were established. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of a consecutive series of bilateral caudocranial stifle joint radiographs from 70 West Highland white terriers, 100 small and 100 large control dogs by three reviewers. Medial fabellar location, cruciate ligament disease and medial patellar luxation were examined within and between groups.Results: Abnormal medial fabellar location was identified in 70 per cent, 9 per cent and 0 per cent of West Highland white terriers, small dogs and large dogs, respectively. In the vast majority of the affected dogs, the fabella was found in a mediodistal location. Presence of concurrent cranial cruciate ligament disease or medial patellar luxation and body weight was excluded as confounding factors.Clinical Significance: West Highland white terriers appear predisposed to, and have a high prevalence of, an abnormal mediodistal location of the medial fabella. The authors suggest this is an incidental finding and should not be confused with true pathological fabellar displacement.
An Atlas of Interpretative Radiographic Anatomy of the Dog and Cat
Authors: Holloway Andrew 
Published: April 2009

An Atlas of Interpretative Radiographic Anatomy of the Dog and Cat
Arlene Coulson with Noreen Lewis Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008, 2nd Edition, hardback, 651 pages, Price £115.00, ISBN‐13: 9781405138994
Counting on codes: An examination of transnational codes as a regulatory governance mechanism for nanotechnologies
Authors: Bowman Diana M. , Hodge Graeme A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article examines the rise of nanotechnology‐specific codes of conduct (nano‐codes) as a private governance mechanism to manage potential risks and promote the technology. It examines their effectiveness as well as their legitimacy as regulatory instruments in the public domain. The study first maps the rise of voluntary nano‐codes and the roles played by different actors. Focusing on five specific nano‐codes, the article then discusses their adequacy in terms of scientific uncertainty, gaps in existing regulatory regimes, and broader societal concerns. It concludes that these voluntary nano‐codes have weaknesses including a lack of explicit standards on which to base independent monitoring, as well as no sanctions for poor compliance. At the same time it also highlights the potential power of these governance mechanisms under conditions of uncertainty and co‐regulation with government. It is likely that nano‐codes will become the “first cut” of a new governance regime for nanotechnologies.
A new species of Haborophocoena, an Early Pliocene phocoenid cetacean from Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Ichishima Hiroto , Kimura Masaichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new species of phocoenid cetacean Haborophocoena, collected from the Early Pliocene Embetsu Formation, in the close vicinity to the site where the holotype of the type species of the genus Haborophocoena was retrieved, improves our knowledge of the anatomy of this cetacean. The new species, represented by a skull, lacking distal half of the rostrum, ear bones, and teeth, is significantly smaller than, but morphologically similar to, the type species Haborophocoena toyoshimaiIchishima and Kimura 2005. This new record of Haborophocoena confirms the veracity of the genus Haborophocoena as a biological entity, contributes to understanding the interspecific variation, and suggests that the genus diversified in the northwestern Pacific of early Pliocene time. The adult‐like degree of ossification in this small skull precludes it from being a juvenile of Haborophocoena toyoshimai. Autapomorphies of Haborophocoena minutus include narrow premaxilla on the dorsal surface of the rostrum, the anterior position of the premaxillary foramen, and a distinct ridge dividing a fossa on the lateral face of the base of the zygomatic process into the dorsal and the ventral halves, the zygomatic process rectangular in lateral profile, and its small size, which is the most compelling feature, making it a distinct species.
Abundance and site fidelity of Indo‐Pacific Humpback dolphins in the Great Sandy Strait, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Cagnazzi Daniele De Biasi , Harrison Peter L. , Ross Graham J. B. , Lynch Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study examined the population of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, inhabiting the Great Sandy Strait Marine Park, Queensland, Australia. A total of 106 dolphins were identified during 228 boat‐based surveys, completed between April 2004 and April 2007. Based on the distribution of resighted individuals and the pattern of associations, it was established that this population consists of two largely geographically distinct communities, referred to as the Northern Community (NC) and the Southern Community (SC). The only recorded interaction between the two groups was a single pod composed of one member of the NC and 11 dolphins from the SC. Abundance was estimated for the entire population and by geographical area using open population models. Estimates for the Great Sandy Strait indicate that about 150 dolphins (NGSS= 148.4, SE = 8.3, 95% CI: 132.5–165.2) used this area during the study. The NC and SC total population sizes was estimated to be 76 (NNGSS= 75.80, SE = 3.88, 95% CI = 71–86) and 75 (NSGSS= 74.98, SE = 4.43, 95% CI: 66–83), respectively. Analysis of residence patterns indicates that a majority of the identified dolphins are long‐term residents.
Characterization of microsatellite loci isolated from the wasp, Microstigmus nigrophthalmus (Hymenoptera)
Authors: LUCAS ERIC R. , HORSBURGH GAVIN J. , DAWSON DEBORAH A. , FIELD JEREMY 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFifty‐two microsatellite loci were characterized in 22–31 unrelated females of the wasp (Microstigmus nigrophthalmus) collected from the Mata do Paraiso, Viçosa, M.G., Brazil. Fifty‐one of these loci were developed from a microsatellite‐enriched genomic library derived from M. nigrophthalmus and one was derived from the wasp, Ormyrus nitidulus. The genus Microstigmus represents an independent origin of social behaviour in the Hymenoptera and is thus of great potential in the study of social evolution.
Clinical phenotype of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy in a family with a novel ZEB1 mutation
Authors: Nguyen Dan Q. , Hosseini Mohsen , Billingsley Gail , Héon Elise , Churchill Amanda J. 
Published: April 2009

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 695–699Abstract.Purpose:  To describe the clinical phenotype in a family with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) and a novel mutation in the ZEB1 gene.Methods:  Clinical examination, anterior segment photography, specular microscopy and electrophysiological investigations were performed and quantified. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood was sequenced for ZEB1 exons. Cosegregation of identified mutation with the disease status in the family was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:  Ocular examination was performed on five family members from two generations. Three had anomalies of the corneal endothelium that were consistent with PPCD. Endothelial cell counts ranged from 2306 to 2987 mm2 (ref. 2000–4000 cells/mm2). No evidence of glaucoma or retinal abnormalities was observed. Extraocular abnormalities such as inguinal herniation, hydrocoele and possible bony or connective tissue anomalies were part of the disease spectrum in this family. Mutation analysis revealed a novel change in exon 5 of ZEB1 (c.672delA) that cosegregated with the affected disease status.Conclusion:  The detailed clinical features of PPCD associated with a novel ZEB1 mutation are supportive of the previously proposed range of phenotype parameters. Further phenotype–genotype correlations may provide insights into the clinical variability and pathological processes affecting the corneal endothelium, Descemet’s membrane, retinal photoreceptor function and extraocular tissues of some patients.
Granulocytic sarcoma of the maxillary sinus. A case report
Authors: Jo Jeong‐Hyeon , Chi Hyun‐Sook , Cho Kyung‐Ja 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe present paper reports a rare case of granulocytic sarcoma (GS) with plasmacytoid features occurring in the maxillary sinus of a 63‐year‐old man. The diagnosis of GS has always been difficult, and diagnosis in the present case was made more difficult by the tumor's manifestation as longstanding maxillary sinusitis, the late development of leukemia, unusual location of the tumor, and the plasmacytoid features of the tumor cells. The potential for any lesion of any organ to be GS should be considered in a patient with hematologic abnormalities.
Hyperplasia of mesonephric remnant, epididymal type: A case report
Authors: Lee Jeong Hyeon , Kim Hyunchul , Kim Chul Hwan , Ro Jae Y. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTMesonephric rests or mesonephric remnants are vestiges of embryonic structures called mesonephric (wolffian) ducts. It usually can be seen in the lateral wall of the cervix uteri. In males, the mesonephric remnants are seen in epididymis and efferent ductules. Prostate is one of the rare locations, on which the mesonephric remnants can be found. Hyperplasia of mesonephric remnants of prostate is rare but important because sometimes it is difficult to differentiate from adenocarcinoma. The lesion is important in the differential diagnosis from the high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Here, we report an additional case of mesonephric hyperplasia, epididymal type, in a 66‐year‐old man. Microscopically, it showed tubular structures lined by columnar cells with pseudostratified elongated hyperchromatic nuclei. The cells showed negative reaction on high molecular weight cytokeratin and prostate‐specific antigen immunostain.