bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High temperature elastic properties of Mg-cordierite: experimental studies and atomistic simulations
Authors: Haussühl Eiken , Vinograd Victor L. , Krenzel Thomas F. , Schreuer Jürgen , Wilson Dan J. , Ottinger Jan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The temperature dependence of the elastic stiffness coefficients of natural orthorhombic Mg-cordierite was studied between 295 K and 1573 K using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. The measurements revealed a continuous decrease of all the elastic constants with increasing temperature. The bulk modulus softens from about 129(2) GPa at 295 K to 110(2) GPa at 1473 K. Irreversible anomalies in the temperature evolution of the resonance frequencies of certain eigenmodes were observed above 920 K due to the escape of volatiles and the occurrence of microcracks. However, the dehydrated samples still showed integrity on the macroscopic scale. Therefore, despite the occurence of the micro-cracks, a reasonable quantitative analysis of the high-temperature RUS data of cordierite samples was still feasible. The thermal expansion was studied between 100 K and 1570 K using dilatometry. The new data are consistent with earlier experimental results and confirm the expansion of the a and b unit cell parameters and the contraction of the c parameter with increasing temperature. Posäsible contributions of the Al/Si disorder to the elastic properties of Mg-cordierite were estimated on the basis of force-field and quantum mechanical calculations. The behaviour of individual elastic stiffness coefficients was followed across the order/disorder transition by Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations predicted a decrease in the bulk modulus with increasing Al/Si disorder. However, this effect is much smaller than that observed experimentally. The measured decrease in the elastic stiffness coefficients is mainly due to phonon softening effects.
Improved glycemic control induced by both metformin and repaglinide is associated with a reduction in blood levels of 3-deoxyglucosone in nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Engelen Lian , Lund Søren S , Ferreira Isabel , Tarnow Lise , Parving Hans-Henrik , Gram Jørgen , Winther Kaj , Pedersen Oluf , Teerlink Tom , Barto Rob , Stehouwer Coen D A , Vaag Allan A , Schalkwijk Casper G 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveMetformin has been reported to reduce α-dicarbonyls, which are known to contribute to diabetic complications. It is unclear whether this is due to direct quenching of α-dicarbonyls or to an improvement in glycemic control. We therefore compared the effects of metformin versus repaglinide, an antihyperglycemic agent with an insulin-secreting mechanism, on the levels of the α-dicarbonyl 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG).MethodsWe conducted a single-center, double-masked, double-dummy, crossover study involving 96 nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes. After a 1-month run-in on diet-only treatment, patients were randomized to either repaglinide (6 mg daily) followed by metformin (2 g daily) or vice versa each during 4 months with a 1-month washout between interventions.Results3DG levels decreased after both metformin (−19.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): −23.5, −14.8)) and repaglinide (−20.8% (95% CI: −24.9, −16.3)) treatments, but no difference was found between treatments (1.8% (95% CI: −3.8, 7.8)). Regardless of the treatment, changes in glycemic variables were associated with changes in 3DG. Specifically, 3DG decreased by 22.7% (95% CI: 19.0, 26.5) per s.d. decrease in fasting plasma glucose (PG), by 20.0% (95% CI: 16.2, 23.9) per s.d. decrease in seven-point mean plasma glucose, by 22.5% (95% CI: 18.6, 26.6) per s.d. decrease in area under the curve for PG, by 17.2% (95% CI: 13.8, 20.6) per s.d. decrease in HbAlc, and by 10.9% (95% CI: 6.4, 15.5) per s.d. decrease in Amadori albumin. In addition, decreases in 3DG were associated with decreases in advanced glycation endproducts and endothelial markers.ConclusionImproved glycemic control induced by both metformin and repaglinide is associated with a reduction in 3DG levels in nonobese individuals with type 2 diabetes. This may constitute a shared metabolic pathway through which both treatments have a beneficial impact on the cardiovascular risk.
Heat flow and deep temperatures in the Southeast Basin of France: Implications for local rheological contrasts
Authors: Guillou-Frottier Laurent , Lucazeau Francis , Garibaldi Cynthia , Bonte Damien , Couëffe Renaud 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Triassic salt at 5–10 km depth may drive some of the recent tectonic features in southeastern France. We estimate the likely temperature range of the salt using two different approaches. The first of these, based on the extrapolation of deep temperatures obtained in oil exploration wells, predicts temperatures at a depth of 8 km to be in the range of 230–300°C. However, this prediction could be biased by a lack of deep measurements and problems related to lateral heat transfer caused by thermal conductivity contrasts. The second approach can overcome these problems by modelling the actual heat transfer for appropriate basin geometry, including temperature-dependent thermal properties, and a mantle heat flow of 35 mW.m−2. This latter value enables us to reproduce available temperature measurements and surface heat flow data. Here we evaluate the stationary temperature field along two sections constrained by seismic profiles, one at a local scale across the Vistrenque graben and the other at a more regional scale across the Southeast Basin. Our findings suggest that the temperatures in the deepest parts of the evaporitic layer (11 km depth) can reach up to 398°C, but can be as low as 150°C on the edge of the basin at the top of the salty layer. This temperature difference leads to important changes in salt viscosity. Results indicate that at a depth of 8 km, lateral viscosity contrasts within the evaporitic layer may reach 40. Such rheological contrasts might favour and amplify local subsidence, as seems to have been the case near the two Palaeogene half-grabens of Vistrenque and Valence, where deep hot zones are identified.
Cretaceous folding in the Dévoluy mountains (Subalpine Chains, France): gravity-driven detachment at the European paleomargin versus compressional event
Authors: Michard André , Dumont Thierry , Andreani Louis , Loget Nicolas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLocated in the southern Subalpine Chains, the Dévoluy-Bochaine (D-B) area displays an “ante-Senonian” (Turonian) unconformity classically interpreted as the result of a compressional event. We argue that the D-B unconformity results from a major synsedimentary collapse on the slope of the European paleomargin. During the Tithonian-Late Cretaceous interval, the D-B area was located on a steep slope between the European platform (Vercors) and the Vocontian basin of SE France where mass-flows and resedimented deposits accumulated. Under the unconformity, the Dévoluy folding affects the Kimmeridgian-Cenomanian series detached on the Mid-Upper Jurassic marl-rich “Terres Noires”. Truncation of the top of the collapsed unit resulted from normal faulting and fragmentation of the poorly consolidated sediments and from their erosion by deep sea currents. Neither subaerial deposits nor shallow water conglomerates occur at the unconformity interface, where fault scarp breccias are locally exposed. The subsequent, mostly Coniacian-Maastrichtian onlapping formation (“Calcaires en Lauzes”) consists of channelized sandy calci-turbidites where slumping events occur again. To conclude, the Dévoluy-Bochaine massifs offer the first example exposed in the External Western Alps of a major synsedimentary collapse comparable to the Niger or Israel offshore study cases.
Combinatorial Dichotomies in Set Theory
Authors: Todorcevic Stevo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe give an overview of a research line concentrated on finding to which extent compactness fails at the level of first uncountable cardinal and to which extent it could be recovered on some other perhaps not so large cardinal. While this is of great interest to set theorists, one of the main motivations behind this line of research is in its applicability to other areas of mathematics. We give some details about this and we expose some possible directions for further research.
Managing a Female Patient with Left Low Back Pain and Sacroiliac Joint Pain with Therapeutic Exercise: A Case Report
Authors: Boyle Kyndall L. 
Published: January 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this case study is to describe the management of a female patient with chronic left low back pain and sacroiliac joint pain (LBP/SIJP) using unique unilateral exercises developed by the Postural Restoration Institute (PRI) to address pelvic asymmetry and left hip capsule restriction, which is consistent with a Right Handed and Left Anterior Interior Chain pattern of postural asymmetry.Client Description: The client was 65-year-old woman with a 10-month history of constant left LBP/SIJP and leg pain.Intervention: The patient was seen six times to correct pelvic position/posture and left hip posterior capsule restriction via (1) muscle activation (left hamstrings, adductor magnus, and anterior gluteus medius) and (2) left hip adduction to lengthen the left posterior capsule/ischiofemoral ligament. Stabilization exercises included bilateral hamstrings, gluteus maximus, adductors, and abdominals to maintain pelvic position/posture.Measures and Outcome: Left Ober's test (initially positive) was negative at discharge. Pain as measured on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (initially 1/10 at best and 8/10 at worst) was 0/10–0/10 at discharge. Oswestry Disability Index score (initially 20%) was 0% at discharge. The patient no longer had numbness in her left leg, and sexual intercourse had become pain free.Implications: Interventions to restore and maintain the optimal position of pelvis and hip (femoral head in the acetabulum) may be beneficial for treating patients with chronic LBP/SIJP. The patient's pain was eliminated 13 days after she first performed three exercises to reposition the pelvis and restore left posterior hip capsule extensibility and internal rotation.
Sensor-based Fall Risk Assessment – an Expert ‘to go’
Authors: Rehwald A. , Wolf K. H. , Gietzelt M. , Nemitz G. , Meyer zu Schwabedissen H. , Haux R. , Marschollek M. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryBackground: Falls are a predominant problem in our aging society, often leading to severe somatic and psychological consequences, and having an incidence of about 30% in the group of persons aged 65 years or above. In order to identify persons at risk, many assessment tools and tests have been developed, but most of these have to be conducted in a supervised setting and are dependent on an expert rater.Objectives: The overall aim of our research work is to develop an objective and unobtrusive method to determine individual fall risk based on the use of motion sensor data. The aims of our work for this paper are to derive a fall risk model based on sensor data that may potentially be measured during typical activities of daily life (aim #1), and to evaluate the resulting model with data from a one-year follow-up study (aim #2).Methods: A sample of n = 119 geriatric inpatients wore an accelerometer on the waist during a Timed ‘Up & Go’ test and a 20 m walk. Fifty patients were included in a one-year follow-up study, assessing fall events and scoring average physical activity at home in telephone interviews. The sensor data were processed to extract gait and dynamic balance parameters, from which four fall risk models – two classification trees and two logistic regression models – were computed: models CT#1 and SL#1 using accelerometer data only, models CT#2 and SL#2 including the physical activity score. The risk models were evaluated in a ten-times tenfold cross-validation procedure, calculating sensitivity (SENS), speci ficity (SPEC), positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), classification accuracy, area under the curve (AUC) and the Brier score.Results: Both classification trees show a fair to good performance (models CT#1/ CT#2): SENS 74% / 58%, SPEC 96% / 82%, PPV 92% / 74%, NPV 77%/82%, accuracy 80% / 78%, AUC 0.83 / 0.87 and Brier scores 0.14 / 0.14. The logistic regression models (SL#1/ SL#2) perform worse: SENS 42% / 58%, SPEC 82% / 78%, PPV 62% / 65%, NPV 67% / 72%, accuracy 65% /70%, AUC 0.65 / 0.72 and Brier scores 0.23 / 0.21.Conclusions: Our results suggest that accelerometer data may be used to predict falls in an unsupervised setting. Furthermore, the parameters used for prediction are measurable with an unobtrusive sensor device during normal activities of daily living. These promising results have to be validated in a larger, long-term prospective trial.
High prevalence of tobacco use, alcohol use and overweight in a rural population in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kaur P , Rao SR , Radhakrishnan E , Ramachandran R , Venkatachalam R , Gupte MD 
Published: January 2011

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in India. There is high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in urban Tamil Nadu. There are limited data on the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and overweight in rural Tamil Nadu.

Aim:
We estimated prevalence of behavioral risk factors, overweight and central obesity in a rural population in Tamil Nadu, India.

Setting and Design:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 11 villages in Kancheepuram/Thiruvallur districts, Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods:
Study population included 10,500 subjects aged 25-64 years. We collected data on behavioral risk factors and anthropometric measurements. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized using the classification recommended for Asians. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women. We computed proportions for all risk factors and used trend chi-square to examine trend.

Results:
Among the 10,500 subjects, 4927 (47%) were males. Among males, 1852 (37.6%) were current smokers and 3073 (62.4%) were current alcohol users. Among females, 840 (15.1%) were smokeless tobacco users. BMI was ≥23.0 kg/m2 for 1618 (32.8%) males and 2126 (38.2%) females. 867 (17.6%) males and 1323 (23.7%) females were centrally obese. Most commonly used edible oil was palm oil followed by sunflower oil and groundnut oil.

Conclusion:
We observed high prevalence of tobacco use, alcohol use and central obesity in the rural population in Tamil Nadu. There is need for health promotion programs to encourage adoption of healthy lifestyle and policy interventions to create enabling environment.
HIS-based support of follow-up documentation – concept and implementation for clinical studies
Authors: Fritz F. , Rahbar K. , Stegger L. , Schäfers M. , Dugas M. , Herzberg S. 
Published: January 2011

Summary
Objective: Follow-up data must be collected according to the protocol of each clinical study, i.e. at certain time points. Missing follow-up information is a critical problem and may impede or bias the analysis of study data and result in delays. Moreover, additional patient recruitment may be necessary due to incomplete follow-up data. Current electronic data capture (EDC) systems in clinical studies are usually separated from hospital information systems (HIS) and therefore can provide limited functionality to support clinical workflow. In two case studies, we assessed the feasibility of HIS-based support of follow-up documentation.
Methods: We have developed a data model and a HIS-based workflow to provide follow-up forms according to clinical study protocols. If a follow-up form was due, a database procedure created a follow-up event which was translated by a communication server into an HL7 message and transferred to the import interface of the clinical information system (CIS). This procedure generated the required follow-up form and enqueued a link to it in a work list of the relating study nurses and study physicians, respectively.
Results: A HIS-based follow-up system automatically generated follow-up forms as defined by a clinical study protocol. These forms were scheduled into work lists of study nurses and study physicians. This system was integrated into the clinical workflow of two clinical studies. In a study from nuclear medicine, each scenario from the test concept according to the protocol of the single photon emission computer tomography/computer tomography (SPECT/CT) study was simulated and each scenario passed the test. For a study in psychiatry, 128 follow-up forms were automatically generated within 27 weeks, on average five forms per week (maximum 12, minimum 1 form per week).
Conclusion: HIS-based support of follow-up documentation in clinical studies is technically feasible and can support compliance with study protocols.
Assessing Father–Infant Interactions Using the NCAST Teaching Scale: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nakamura Wendell M. , Stewart Katherine B. , Tatarka Mary E. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this pilot study was to gather preliminary data on father–infant dyads using the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training (NCAST) Teaching scale, a parent–infant interaction measure, to determine whether and how fathers score differently than mothers from normative samples.
Method. Interactions between first-time fathers (N = 15) and their infants, 3 months to 6 months of age, during the instruction of an unfamiliar play activity were rated using the NCAST Teaching scale. Scores were compared both with a normative database (N = 2,123) of mother–infant dyads and with a subsample (n = 34) of the normative database to control for demographic variables, including the age, gender, and birth parity of the child and the age, education, marital status, and ethnicity of the parent.
Results. The fathers scored significantly lower on items related to fostering the infants’ cognitive growth than the mothers in the normative database. However, the infants in this study provided clearer behavioral cues and were more responsive to their fathers than the infants in the normative sample. These findings were also true for the subsample comparison. The fathers also scored significantly lower than the normative subsample on items measuring their ability to foster the social and emotional growth of their infants.
Conclusion. There may be important differences in the interactions of father–infant dyads compared with mother–infant dyads, but further research with a larger, more representative sample of fathers on this parent–infant interaction measure is warranted to support this. The development of normative scores for fathers and their infants is recommended to accurately interpret father–infant interactions when administering the NCAST Teaching scale.
Perceptual-Motor Function of School-Age Children With Slow Handwriting Speed
Authors: Tseng Mei Hui , Chow Susanna M. K. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objectives. This study investigated differences in perceptual-motor measures and sustained attention between children with slow and normal handwriting speed and the relationship between these factors.
Method. Thirty-four slow handwriters and 35 normal speed handwriters (7 to 11 years of age) attending elementary schools in Taiwan were given three perceptual-motor tests and a vigilance task to assess sustained attention. Performances on these measures were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and regression analyses.
Results. A significant difference was found between slow and normal handwriters in upper-limb coordination, visual memory, spatial relation, form constancy, visual sequential memory, figure ground, visual-motor integration, and sustained attention. The three significant predictors of handwriting speed for the slow handwriters were age, visual sequential memory, and visual-motor integration. For the normal speed handwriters, age and upper-limb speed and dexterity were the only two significant predictors.
Conclusions. Slow and normal speed handwriters responded to handwriting demands through different perceptual-motor systems. Whereas upper-limb speed and dexterity seems to play an important role in normal speed handwriters, slow handwriters seem to rely more on visually directed processes, including sequence memory and visual-motor integration.
A Comparison of the Allen Cognitive Level Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Adults With Schizophrenia
Authors: Secrest Lori , Wood Amanda Ernst , Tapp Andre 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. This study examines the relationship among executive function, visuospatial problem solving, and measures of occupational functioning in 33 adult men with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
Method. Three measures were administered in a onetime assessment session. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used to measure executive functioning, abstract reasoning, and problem-solving abilities. The Allen Cognitive Level (ACL) Test was used to measure learning, problem solving, and visuospatial abilities. The Routine Task Inventory (RTI) measured the level of performance in activities of daily living.
Results. Using multiple regression controlling for age, the WCST significantly predicted performance on the ACL the RTI. Perseverative errors on the WCST were negatively correlated with the ACL (r = −.47) and RTI scores (r = −.59). The ACL and RTI were also significantly correlated (r = .67).
Conclusion. Both the WCST and the ACL are sensitive to similar domains of functioning and are predictive of task performance. The results support the use of the ACL as a quick measure of a person’s cognitive and functional abilities.
The Experience of Being an Occupational Therapist With a Disability
Authors: Velde Beth P. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. This study addressed what it is like to practice as an occupational therapist with a disability.
Method. Open-ended interviews using a phenomenological approach were conducted with 10 participants until data saturation was achieved. Each transcripted interview was coded for categories, and the common themes across transcripts were identified.
Results. These major themes were identified: “I am sensitive to their needs”;“The issue is how to cope with life”; and “Recognize your own strengths and limits.” Each theme had several subcategories.
Conclusions. Occupational therapists with disabilities approach their practice from a unique perspective and may be able to motivate and challenge clients in a different manner than therapists without disabilities. Therapists with disabilities perceive themselves as uniquely skilled persons who have developed successful strategies to cope with the experience of disability.
Measuring Knowledge of School-Based Occupational Therapy
Authors: Harris Mary B. , Alley Sidney T. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. The primary purpose of this study was to develop a measure of Knowledge of Occupational Therapy in School settings (KNOTS) for occupational therapy students. A secondary purpose was to develop a scale of Self-Efficacy in School Settings (SESS) for occupational therapy students.
Method. One hundred forty-five university students enrolled in either occupational therapy classes or education classes completed a questionnaire consisting (in part) of the 60-item KNOTS scale and the SESS scale. Analyses of internal reliability, group comparisons, and correlations were computed on the scores.
Results. The reliabilities of the KNOTS (.85) and SESS (.94) were reasonably high. Occupational therapy students performed significantly better than did education students, and senior occupational therapy students scored significantly higher than did juniors on the KNOTS. SESS scores were positively but not significantly correlated with KNOTS scores.
Conclusion. If further investigation provides additional evidence for the reliability and validity of the KNOTS and SESS, both measures have a number of potential practical applications.