bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plerixafor (AMD3100) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilize different CD34+ cell populations based on global gene and microRNA expression signatures
Authors: Donahue Robert E. , Jin Ping , Bonifacino Aylin C. , Metzger Mark E. , Ren Jiaqiang , Wang Ena , Stroncek David F. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Plerixafor (AMD3100) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilize peripheral blood stem cells by different mechanisms. A rhesus macaque model was used to compare plerixafor and G-CSF–mobilized CD34+ cells. Three peripheral blood stem cell concentrates were collected from 3 macaques treated with G-CSF, plerixafor, or plerixafor plus G-CSF. CD34+ cells were isolated by immunoselection and were analyzed by global gene and microRNA (miR) expression microarrays. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the gene expression data separated the CD34+ cells into 3 groups based on mobilization regimen. Plerixafor-mobilized cells were enriched for B cells, T cells, and mast cell genes, and G-CSF–mobilized cells were enriched for neutrophils and mononuclear phagocyte genes. Genes up-regulated in plerixafor plus G-CSF–mobilized CD34+ cells included many that were not up-regulated by either agent alone. Two hematopoietic progenitor cell miR, miR-10 and miR-126, and a dendritic cell miR, miR-155, were up-regulated in G-CSF–mobilized CD34+ cells. A pre-B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia miR, miR-143-3p, and a T-cell miR, miR-143-5p, were up-regulated in plerixafor plus G-CSF–mobilized cells. The composition of CD34+ cells is dependent on the mobilization protocol. Plerixafor-mobilized CD34+ cells include more B-, T-, and mast cell precursors, whereas G-CSF–mobilized cells have more neutrophil and mononuclear phagocyte precursors.
ErratumTo: Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic parasite, Polypodium hydriforme, within the Phylum Cnidaria
Authors: Evans Nathaniel M , Lindner Alberto , Raikova Ekaterina V , Collins Allen G , Cartwright Paulyn 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Correction to Evans, N.M., Lindner, A., Raikova, E.V., Collins, A.G. and Cartwright, P. Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic parasite, Polypodium hydriforme, within the phylum Cnidaria. BMC Evol Biol, 2008, 8:139.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Premarital Sexual Behavior among male college students of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ramesh , Tamang Jyotsna 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Background
In Nepal, as in other Asian countries, the issue of sexuality still remains a taboo. Despite this fact, an increasing number of sexual activities is being reported by Nepalese students. This trend warrants serious and timely attention. Due to the sensitivity of the topic of premarital sexuality, youth receive inadequate education, guidance and services on reproductive health. The main objectives of this paper are to explore the sexual behavior especially focusing on prevalence of premarital sex among college men and to investigate the factors surrounding premarital sexual behavior.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of college students was conducted in April-May 2006. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 573 male students. Association between premarital sex and the explanatory variables was assessed in bivariate analysis using Chi-square tests. The associations were further explored using multivariate logistic analysis.

Results
Despite the religious and cultural restrictions, about two-fifths of survey respondents (39%) reported that they have had premarital sex. The study has also shown that substantial proportions of students indulge in sexual activities as well as risky sexual behavior. Sex with commercial sex workers, multiple sex partners, and inconsistence use of condom with non-regular partner was common among the students. Less than two in five male students (57%) had used condom at the first sexual intercourse.
The prevalence of premarital sex varied on different settings. Older students aged 20 and above were more likely to have premarital sex compared with younger students aged 15–19. Men who had liberal attitude towards male virginity at marriage were almost two times more likely to have engaged in premarital sex compared to their counterparts who have conservative attitude towards male virginity at marriage. Moreover, those students who believe in Hindu religion were more than two times (OR = 2.5) more likely to have premarital sex compared with those who follow other religions. Furthermore, those men who have close unmarried friends who have experienced premarital sexual intercourse were eight times (OR = 8.4) more likely to be sexually active compared to those who did not have such sexually active friends.

Conclusion
Prevalence of premarital sexual intercourse and risky sexual behavior are not uncommon in Nepal. Young people are exposed to health hazards due to their sexual behavior; hence sex education should be provided. School or college based sexuality education could benefit even out-of-school youths, because their partners often are students.
Erratum to: Disassembled DJ-1 high molecular weight complex in cortex mitochondria from Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Zhong Zhenyu , Nural Hikmet , He Ping , Civarella Gina , Beach Thomas , Sue Lucia , Adler Charles , Shill Holly , Caviness John , Xia Weiming , Shen Yong 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Correction to Nural H, He P, Beach T, Sue L, Xia W, Shen Y. Disassembled DJ-1 high molecular weight complex in cortex mitochondria from Parkinson's disease patients Molecular Neurodegeneration 2009, 4:23.
In-vivo measurement of spin lattice relaxation time (T
1) of liver in healthy volunteers: the effects of age, sex and oral contraceptive usage
Authors: Richards M. A. , Webb Judith A. W. , Jewell S. E. , Gregory W. M. , Reznek R. H. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of 81 healthy adult volunteers has been undertaken to establish the normal range of liver spin lattice relaxation time (T 1) at 0.08 tesla. The influence of age, sex and oral contraceptive usage has been assessed. Liver T 1 decreased with age. The mean liver T 1 of subjects under 40 years of age was significantly longer than that of older subjects. A wider range of T 1 values was observed in the younger age group. No difference in T 1 was found between males and females who were not oral contraceptive users. The mean liver T 1 of females who were taking the pill was significantly longer than that of females of similar age who were not oral contraceptive users. Serial examinations of eight oral contraceptive users showed that mean liver T 1 values were significantly longer in the 3 weeks during which they were taking the pill than during the week off the pill.
The Clatterbridge high-energy neutron therapy facility: specification and performance
Authors: Bonnett D. E. , Blake S. W. , Shaw J. E. , Bewley D. K. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A new high-energy neutron therapy facility has been installed at the Douglas Cyclotron Centre, Clatterbridge Hospital, Merseyside, in order to extend the clinical trials of fast neutrons initiated by the Medical Research Council. The neutron beam is produced by bombarding a beryllium target with 62 MeV protons. The target is isocentrically mounted with the potential for 360° rotation and has a fully variable collimator. This gives a range of rectilinear field sizes from 5 cm × 5 cm to 30 cm × 30 cm. Basic neutron beam data including output, field flatness, penumbra and depth-dose data have been measured. For a 10 cm × 10 cm field, the 50% depth dose occurs at 16.2 cm in water and the output is 1.63 cGy μA−1 min−1 at the depth of dose maximum. The effectiveness of the target shielding and the neutron-induced radioactivity in the treatment head have also been measured. It is concluded that the equipment meets both the design specifications and also fully satisfies criticisms of earlier neutron therapy equipment. A full radiation survey of the centre was also carried out and it was found that radiation levels are low and present no significant hazard to staff.
Costing imaging procedures
Authors: Bretland P. M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The existing National Health Service financial system makes comprehensive costing of any service very difficult. A method of costing using modern commercial methods has been devised, classifying costs into variable, semi-variable and fixed and using the principle of overhead absorption for expenditure not readily allocated to individual procedures. It proved possible to establish a cost spectrum over the financial year 1984–85. The cheapest examinations were plain radiographs outside normal working hours, followed by plain radiographs, ultrasound, special procedures, fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, angiography and angiographic interventional procedures in normal working hours. This differs from some published figures, particularly those in the Körner report. There was some overlap between fluoroscopic interventional and the cheaper nuclear medicine procedures, and between some of the more expensive nuclear medicine procedures and the cheaper angiographic ones. Only angiographic and the few more expensive nuclear medicine procedures exceed the cost of the inpatient day. The total cost of the imaging service to the district was about 4% of total hospital expenditure. It is shown that where more procedures are undertaken, the semi-variable and fixed (including capital) elements of the cost decrease (and vice versa) so that careful study is required to assess the value of proposed economies. The method is initially time-consuming and requires a computer system with 512 Kb of memory, but once the basic costing system is established in a department, detailed financial monitoring should become practicable. The necessity for a standard comprehensive costing procedure of this nature, based on sound cost accounting principles, appears inescapable, particularly in view of its potential application to management budgeting.
A simple graphical method for deriving kinetics of repair from fractionated and protracted irradiations
Authors: Scalliet P. , Erfmann R. K. L. , Landuyt W. , van der Schueren E. 
Published: July 2009

In his recent paper, Dale (1985) proposed a new approach to the problem of the isoeffect doses in radiation therapy, for both fractionated and protracted irradiations. This approach resulted from the application of the linear quadratic dose–effect equation. With the incorporation of one additional parameter, μ, which relates to the rate of recovery of sublethal damage, he derived a more general formulation, as compared to the proposal of Barendsen (1982). This factor μ is related to the half-time of dose recovery (t 1/2) from the equation: and represents the time constant of repair, assuming first order exponential kinetics.
The appearance of the inferior thyroid veins on computed tomography
Authors: Belli Anna-Maria , Ingram Christine E. , Heron Christine W. , Husband Janet E. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) scans of the mediastinum in 80 patients were reviewed retrospectively to determine the nature of small opacities which are identified on contiguous cuts. These structures varied in number from one to five. The pattern of enhancement, appearance on contiguous CT sections and position in the mediastinum led us to believe that these represent inferior thyroid veins. To our knowledge their appearance on CT has not been reported previously.
Treatment of choroid metastases
Authors: Dobrowsky W. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Sixteen patients with choroid secondary tumours were treated with irradiation consisting of 40–50 Gy in 3–5 weeks. There were 14 female patients with breast cancer, one male patient with prostatic cancer and one male patient with cancer of unknown origin. In four cases bilateral ocular metastases were seen. Ten out of 20 treated eyes showed complete response to treatment, seven out of 20 showed partial response and three out of 20 were not influenced by irradiation. Survival of patients, all having widespread metastatic disease, was 3–48 months (median 20 months). All patients responding to treatment showed increased quality of life.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of clinically non-palpable primary colonic neoplasms
Authors: Price Jeremy , Metreweli Constantine 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Over a 2-year period, more than 1700 abdominal ultrasound scans were performed which included a search for bowel disease in the scanning routine. Features consistent with a primary colonic neoplasm were reported in 35 patients. In 14 patients, ultrasound indicated the possibility of a colonic neoplasm in the absence of a clinically palpable mass. An intraabdominal mass was confirmed in 12 patients (86%), and was a primary colonic neoplasm in 11 patients (79%). In one patient a metastatic malignant mass had been misinterpreted as arising from the colon. In two patients no lesion could be demonstrated to account for the ultrasonographic abnormality. In a further 21 patients in which an abdominal mass had been evident on clinical examination, ultrasound was performed for further elucidation and indicated the mass to be arising from the colon. In this group, a primary colonic neoplasm was the cause in 11 patients (52%), while other primary or metastatic malignancy was found in six patients (29%) and benign disease in four patients (19%). We conclude that ultrasound is a useful primary diagnostic technique for colonic neoplasms, with a predictive value of 79% in detecting clinically non-palpable lesions. In our experience, false positive results due to scanning artefacts are rare. We consider that examination of the bowel is a worthwhile addition to the routine scan in patients with non-specific abdominal complaints.
Dynamic monitoring of output on a superficial X-ray set using a solid-state device
Authors: Plane J. H. 
Published: July 2009

A solid-state output monitor has been constructed and tested on a Philips RT100 superficial X-ray set operating at 55, 70 or 100 kVp. The device is useful to radiographers, technicians, engineers and physicists and can be easily assembled and fitted with a minimum amount of machine downtime. Recommendations concerning control of X-ray doses for superficial therapy are outlined in a Radiotherapy Apparatus Safety Measures Panel (RASMP) document (Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS), 1975). These recommendations do not require the use of a dose-rate monitor but the Code of Practice, Section 4.2.10 (ii) states that, where a monitor is not fitted, the output under standard conditions should be checked frequently, preferably at least once each working day (Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO), 1972). The latter statement is repeated in paragraph 344 of the consultative document of Draft Guidance Notes for the Protection of Persons against Ionizing Radiations Arising from Medical and Dental Use (HMSO, 1983). The Ionizing Radiations Regulations 1985 do not contradict this statement (HMSO, 1985).
The need for a dose-rate monitor in a superficial X-ray set is highlighted in a Hospital Physicists' Association (HPA) Radiation Protection Topic Group Newsheet (HPA, 1986) describing a situation in which an incorrect filter had been inserted in the beam. Routine measurement of output can be done by radiographers using locally constructed equipment (as described, for example, by Tranter et al (1978)) but will only indicate output whilst the detector is in position.
Hypothermic hyperbaric irradiation
Authors: Sealy R. , Harrison G. , Morrell D. 
Published: July 2009

Last year you were kind enough to publish an account of our experiences with hypothermic hyperbaric irradiation of advanced head and neck cancer (Sealy et al, 1986b).
Since we have had a number of enquiries about our previous report, we would now like briefly to provide further results. Thirty-nine patients were to have had hypothermic hyperbaric irradiation, but in two early patients, treatment was abandoned because of reversible hypotension or cardiac arrhythmia. Thirty-seven patients, therefore, received this treatment.
Bone scintigraphy and radiography in the early recognition of diabetic osteopathy
Authors: Tawn D. J. , O'Hare J. P. , O'Brien I. A. D. , Watt I. , Dieppe P. A. , Corrall R. J. M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Twenty-seven diabetic patients with clinical evidence of neuropathy were investigated by foot radiography, two-phase bone scintigraphy, biothesiometryand cardiovascular autonomic function testing. Typical signs of diabetic osteopathy on radiography were found in 10 subjects (37%), the degree of radiographic abnormality correlating with the severity of neurological impairment. Furthermore, all diabetics with evidence of severe neuropathy showed some evidence of osteopathy on foot radiographs. In all 10 cases of diabetic osteopathy diagnosed radiographically, abnormalities were shown on scintigraphy. In addition, five other patients showed scintigraphic abnormalities, without corresponding changes on radiography, and in this group the neurological impairment was less severe. Although confirmatory longitudinalstudies are necessary, it seems likely that the earliest changes of diabetic neuropathic osteopathy may thus be recognized on bone scintigraphy, at a time when conventional radiographs are normal. This stage of diabetic osteopathy is associated with a lesser degree of neurological impairment.
Plasma leukotriene C4and reactions to contrast media
Authors: Bester Lourens , Vellet Dale , Chetty Nanthakumarn , Atkinson Peter , Scher Alan 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Forty-five patients were randomly divided into three groups of 15 and within each group patients were given iothalamate, iopamidol or ioxaglate intravenously during radiological investigations. The plasma leukotriene C4 level was measured before and 30 s and 3 min after the administration of the respective contrast media. In patients demonstrating nonidiosyncratic contrast reactions, a consistent decrease in plasma leukotriene concentration was noted at both 30 s and 3 min following the administration of all three contrast media. A statistically significant decrease in plasma leukotriene occurred at 30 s with ioxaglate, but not with the other two agents. In the limited number of patients who experienced idiosyncratic reactions, the decrease in plasma leukotriene concentration was less apparent. This decrease in plasma leukotriene concentration has been attributed to changes in plasma volume following administration of hyperosmolar contrast media. The inability to demonstrate an increase in plasma leukotriene levels following the administration of both conventional and new, low-osmolar radiographic contrast media supports the cumulative evidence against an allergic mechanism in the majority of non-idiosyncratic and some idiosyncratic contrast reactions.
Results of fast neutron therapy in advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Skotyszewski J. , Korzeniowski S. , Huczkowski J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Eighty-nine patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated with a fast neutron beam of mean energy 5.6 MeV. The standard tumour dose was 1320 cGyn,γ in 20 fractions over 4 weeks, but 13 patients with laryngeal cancer received 1200 cGyn,γ. Complete remission was achieved in 50 patients (56%). Fifteen patients (17%) survived 2 years, 14 of them being symptom-free. Survival correlated with the stage of disease. Encouraging results were obtained for cervical node metastases, oropharynx and salivary gland cancer. In laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, neutron therapy seems to be disadvantageous. The main reason for treatment failure was local recurrence. Two patients died of complications.
Increased 252Cf therapeutic advantage for an advanced murine lymphoma (LSA) growing in vivo
Authors: Maruyama Yosh , Darwazeh Nabil B. , Magura Clara 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was determined for252Cf irradiation of the murine LSA lymphoma growing in vivo. Irradiation was performed on Days 1–3, i.e. on the young and rapidly growing tumour, on Day 5, i.e. the early stationary phase, or on Day 7, i.e. the advanced tumour. Mice inoculated with 105 cells would die on about Day 9 with disseminated tumour if untreated. Irradiation with acute 60Co or low-dose-rate 252Cf total-body irradiation increased the mean survival time (MST). For 252Cf the MST increased linearly with dose, the effectiveness being independent of the day of irradiation. For 60Co, the MST increased linearly with dose for the tumours irradiated on Days 1–3 but two-component curves were noted after irradiation on Days 5–7. Tumour response showed an increasing photon–resistant component which gave no increase in MST with dose. The RBE was ∼ 4 for the early tumours but was greater than 5 for the advanced and more photon-resistant tumours. 252Cf was effective for the treatment of early or advanced stages but was especially effective against the advanced, more radioresistant tumours.
Pycnodysostosis with right heart failure due to hypoplastic mandible and chronic upper airway obstruction
Authors: Fitzgerald T. 
Published: July 2009

Pycnodysostosis is a rare condensing bone dysplasia of recessive inheritance and well over 50 cases have now been reported.
Two further illustrative cases are now reported, one with the unusual feature of right heart failure, occurring in an 18-month-old child, as a result of micrognathism. This has been described previously as a serious clinical feature only once, by Maroteaux and Faure (1973), in one of their series of cases. The second case illustrated is of an 18-year-old woman with a more typical, uncomplicated presentation.
A brief discussion of the findings in pycnodysostosis is appended.
An 18-month-old Asian girl presented to the Children's Hospital with respiratory difficulties. The pregnancy had been normal, and her birth weight was 3 kg. At delivery, the umbilical cord was noted to be short.
Her parents were first cousins, and the paternal grandparents had also beenfirst cousins.
An enlarged posterior fontanelle was described in the neonatal period, withwidened sagittal sutures and a micrognathic appearance.
She was managed at home for the first few months, but was always difficult to feed. On her first admission, she had difficulty in breathing, especially during feeds, and although there had never been obstructive episodes, shehad always been a noisy breather. She required tube feeding and very careful oral feeding but eventually was able to swallow reasonably normally from about 6–7 months of age.
Adverse reactions to contrast media: related to medium or procedure? Observations on a case
Authors: Hald John K. , Jakobsen Jarl Å. , Andrew Erik , Stormorken Helge 
Published: July 2009

Adverse reactions to intravascular contrast media are well documented (Andrews, 1974; Ansell, 1976; Lalli, 1980; Shehadi & Toniolo, 1980). However, allergic and toxic reactions to drugs have to be differentiated from adverse reactions to the procedure. To illustrate this, we report the following.
In a Phase I tolerance and pharmacokinetic study, iopentol (Nycomed AS), a new 3.0 non-ionic contrast medium, was to be injected into 24 healthy male volunteers (Aakhus et al, 1987). As part of the study, eight subjects received normal saline intravenously. One of the volunteers was a 30-year-old healthy male. On the trial day, approximately 30 s after the start of the injection of normal saline into his left cubital vein, an adverse reaction occurred (Table I). The subject became pale and dizzy. Three minutes after venepuncture, the blood pressure had fallen to 69/45 mm Hg and the electrocardiogram (ECG) showed absence of the P-wave. The heart rate dropped slightly and the pulse was weak. The condition gradually improved and after 10 min the ECG was normal and blood pressure 121/68 mm Hg. No specific treatment was given. The results of some of the blood tests taken in connection with the trial appear in Table II.